bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: Isomura Tadashi , Nakashima Toshiro
Published: December 2008

Twelve human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were studied ultramicros‐copically. In the aspects of development of cytoplasmic organelles, well differentiated cancer cells were similar to the normal hepatocytes. On the other hand, poorly differentiated HCC cells contained little cytoplasmic organel‐le except for relatively developed rER and ribosomes. HCC cells showed not only several differentiations but also many degenerative changes, such as fatty metamorphosis, “dark” and “clear” cells, “fingerprint” formation and myelin‐like figure, and the ultrastructural alterations of the vessels among HCC cells could play one of the most important roles in causing these degenerative changes in human HCC cells.
CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERS, TRANSFORMATION, AND ONTOGENESIS OF DERMAL HISTIOCYTES AND FIBROBLASTS OF RATS
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoshi , Sakuma Hideo , Naito Makoto , Yaginuma Yoshio , Takahashi Hiroshi , Asano Shigeyuki , Hojo Hiroshi , Kojima Mizu
Published: December 2008

Cell morphology of histiocytes and fibroblasts was observed light‐ and electron microscopically in the subcutaneous connective tissue of unstimulated adult rats. Striking ultrastructural differences between them were noted in the cell surface characters, extent and development of endoplasmic reticula, especially of rough‐surfaced ones, and volumes of lysosomal components. Rosetting assays revealed that histiocytes were positive for EA‐ and EAC‐rosette formation and capable of engaging in immunophagocytosis. However, fibroblasts were negative for both rosettings. In the experiments of vital staining with lithium carmine, Fesin phagocytosis, carrageenin granuloma formation, in vivo culture by intraperitoneal implantation of difision chambers, and subculture, cytological changes of histiocytes or macrophages and fibroblasts, as well as their transformation, were investigated. Although fibroblasts often simulated histiocytes under certain stimulated conditions, no transformation of fibroblasts into histiocytes was confirmed. Ontogenetically, histiocytes already existed in the subepidermal mesenchyme of rat fetuses before differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells into fibroblasts and showed no relationship to the flbroblasts. Ultrastructural cell morphology and cultural characteristics of the fetal histiocytes were presented and their possible origin was discussed briefly.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
Authors: Yumoto Tokichi , Morimoto Kanehito
Published: December 2008

A transplantable tumor was produced in syngeneic mice inoculated with transformed bone marrow macrophages (28–12– and L‐18 cell lines). The tumor composed of proliferative spindle cells was arranged in a storiform pattern, and was similar to that of human fibrous histiocytoma. Electron microscopically, the tumorous spindle cells had fibroblastic characteristics, while functionally, the tumor cells had histiocytic characteristics, and consisted of a transitional form between histiocytes and fibroblasts. We consider the spindle cells to be facultative fibroblasts. This Anding is compatible with the hypothesis that fibrous histiocytoma is derived from histiocytes.
LIPOSARCOMA
Authors: Shimoda Tadakazu , Yamashita Hiroshi , Furusato Masakuni , Kirino Yuji , Ishikawa Eisei , Miyagawa Akira , Ubayama Yuji
Published: December 2008

Analysis of 365 cases of malignant soft tissue tumors revealed 83 cases of liposarcoma. The ages of the patients were distributed between 18 and 86 years with a mean average of 54.3 years. Approximately 50% of the cases were located in the lower extremity. Histologically, they consisted of 5 types; well differentiated (17 cases), myxoid (49 cases), round cell (3 cases), pleomorphic (11 cases), and mixed (3 cases). The appearance of lipoblasts of either the signet‐ring type or mulberry (multivacuolated) type with displaced nuclei was the common characteristic feature for all types. Electron microscopically, lipid droplets were found inside of endoplasmic reticulum in Hpoblasts, and abundant glycogen granules were seen in the cells containing only few lipid droplets. The lipoblasts were usually located close to the vascular wall fn the interetitium, and findings suggesting an intimate relation between pericytes and lipoblasts were encountered. Although the differential diagnosis of malignant fibrous hietiocytoma and liposarcoma was made possible by the appearance of lipoblasts in the latter, storiform pattern and histiocyte‐like cells sometimes appeared in poorly differentiated liposarcoma. This tendency was also found in angiosarcoma. A close follow‐up of recurrent cases revealed that there are actually cases of liposarcoma with malignant fibrous histiocytoma‐like pattern and angiosarcoma with malignant fibrous histlocytoma‐like pattern. It was considered that malignant fibrous histiocytoma‐like figures can appear in various poorly differentiated sarcomas.
NICKEL SULPHIDE‐INDUCED RHABDOMYOSARCOMATA IN RATS
Authors: Yamashiro Shigeto , Gilman John P.W. , Hulland Thomas J. , Abandowitz Henry M.
Published: December 2008

Fifty‐nine Fischer rat tumors and eleven Hooded rat tumors induced by intramuscular injection of Ni3S2 were examined and their histopathologic and cytologic characteristics studied. Nine out of eleven Hooded rat tumors metastasized whereas 15 out of 59 Fischer rat tumors metastasized within 30 days. Histopathological characterization of the Ni3S2‐induced tumors was made according to their preponderant cellular constitution. They were grouped into six types: well‐differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas, poorly‐differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, mesenchymal tumors, leiomyosarcoma‐like tumors and fibrosarcoma‐like tumors. Forty‐seven of total of 70 were rhabdomyosarcomas. Tumors with shorter latent periods in Fischer rats and tumors with fleshy and soft texture demonstrated a higher incidence of metastases.
PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL RADIATION PANCARDITIS I.
Authors: Maeda Shotaro
Published: December 2008

Radiation‐induced heart injuries were morphologically studied by using the rabbits irradiated with a single dose of 3,000R (group I) or 300R of X‐ray group II) from 1 hour until 6 months. There was no essential difference in the lesions of the hearts from group I and that of group II. Acute epicarditis was found as early as 1 hour after irradiation and it became maximum in severity at 1‐2 days. In the myocardium, there were degeneration and resolution of the myocardial cell, various architectural changes of mitochondria, and disorganization of the intercalated disc. Polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and endothelial injuries of the capillaries occurred in the interstitial tissue. In addition, endocarditis with or without thrombus formation was often found. Acute inflammation was seen in the myocardium of group II rather later than that of group I, but it disappeared earlier. In the later stage, fibrosis finally occurred in the epicardium and endocardium. Glycoprotein degeneration of the muscle cells and fibrosis appeared in the myocardium. The pathogenesis of radiation pancarditis is thought to be dependent not only on the disturbance of microcirculation caused by endothelial cell damage of the capillaries, but also on alterations of the myocardial mitochondria as a result of direct injury.
MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS
Authors: Sonobe Hiroshi , Taguchi Kohji , Motoi Makoto , Ogawa Katsuo , Matsumura Motoyoshi , Ohsaki Katsuichiro
Published: December 2008

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising primarily in the left maxillary sinus is described. The patient, a 39‐year‐old male, who had suffered from sinusitis for 20 years, began to have paresthesia or sharp pain of the left side of the face and toothaches of the left maxilla. At operation a white fibrous tumor developing extensively from the lateral wall to the upper and medial walls of the left maxillary sinus and into the ethmoidal sinus was noted. Following gradual progression of dyspnea, he died approximately one year after the onset in spite of radiation therapy and anticancer chemotherapy. An autopsy revealed recurrence of the tumor in the left maxillary sinus with wide‐spread metastases to the lungs, pleurae, pancreas, kidneys and bone marrows. The direct cause of death was respiratory failure due to extensive growths of the pulmonary and pleural metastases.
CYSTOSARCOMA PHYLLODES OF THE BREAST WITH FEATURES OF MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
Authors: Hanada Masato , Maeda Toshinobu , Takeuchi Naoji
Published: December 2008

A case of a 33‐year‐old female with metastasizing malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes of the left breast showing histologic features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma is reported. Metastases consisting of only undifferentiated mesenchymal cells were found in the lungs, liver, pleurae, kidneys, ileum, and vertebrae. Seven cases of fibrohistiocytic tumors of the breast previously recorded in the literature were reviewed. Although rare, this type of tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of mesenchymal mammary tumors.
SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS WITH MASSIVE LYMPHADENOPATHY IN A JAPANESE ADULT WITH UNUSUALLY ELEVATED EBV ANTIBODY TITERS
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Asano Shigeyuki , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Miyoshi Isao , Tanaka Michihisa , Hayashi Tenmei , Saito Ryusuke , Muguruma Masahito
Published: December 2008

A 35‐year‐old Japanese male was presented with massive lymphadenopathy in bilateral preauricular and submandibular regions for five years’duration without any complaints despite of no specific treatments. Laboatory examinations revealed neutrophilia, elevated BSR, hypergammaglobulinemia with elevated IgG and IgM, positive CRP and RA, low percentage of T‐cells in peripheral blood, impaired PHA blast transformation, and elevated EBV titers against viral capsid, early and nuclear antigens. Biopsy specimens demonstrated massive histiocytosis with hemophagocytosis in the sinuses and predominant mature plasma cells in the medulla, which were fairly well consistent with “sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy” (Rosai and Dorfman). Ultrastructural study revealed histiocytes exhibiting avid phagocytosis of blood cells, epithelioid histiocytes with poor phagocytic activity, foamy storage histiocytes loaded with a large number of osmiophilic lipid granules and giant cells of various types. Pathogenesis of this apparently benign disease entity was briefly discussed, and its refractoriness against any specific therapy was emphasized.
SMALL MULTIPLE CARCINOID TUMORS OCCURRING IN THE ILEUM WITH A PSEUDOCYSTIC LIVER METASTASIS
Authors: Isomura Tadashi , Kojiro Masamichi , Kawano Yoshiro , Nakamura Syuzo , Naito Hisanori , Yoshida Koji , Nakayama Yojo , Nakayama Toshimichi , Kubo Yasuhiko
Published: December 2008

A 49‐year‐old woman was admitted to the hospital with a palpable mass in the right hypochondrium. A laparotomy was performed under the clinical diagnosis of a solitary cyst of the liver. The cystic lesion of the liver was removed. Although the histological finding of the cyst wall showed a similarity to hepatocellular carcinoma of trabecular pattern, the tumor cells with uniform nuclei and little mitotic figure were positive for both argyrophil and argentaffin reaction. The pathological diagnosis was metastatic carcinoid tumor of the liver. There was no carcinoid syndrome nor the other clinical symptoms after the operation and various postoperative examinations could not reveal a primary site of the carcinoid tumor. The cystic lesion of the liver recurred ten months after the first operation and a second laparotomy was performed to reveal the primary site in the ileum: three submucosal tumors, 0.8, 0.7, and 0.3 cm. in diameter, two of them, however, extended into the muscle wall or subserosa and conclusively, the small lesion of the ileum metastasized into the liver as a large pseudocystic lesion.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF GRANULAR CELL AMELOBLASTOMA
Authors: Noda Mieko , Suzuki Atsumi
Published: December 2008

A granular cell ameloblastoma occurring in the anterior mandible of a 49‐year‐old woman has been studied both histologically and ultrastructurally. Histologically the tumor in this case showed a mixed type of follicular, granular cell, and acanthomatous type of ameloblastoma. Many granular cells seemed to gather around the periphery of each tumor island. Electron‐microscopically the cytoplasmic granules were measured as approximately 0.6 μ in diameter, and were surrounded by limiting membrane. Most of these granules revealed high electron density and their contents showed various patterns — osmiophilic homogeneous, fingerprint, and small particles — and were identified as lysosomes. However, no enamel matrix precursor was identified in either lysosome or cytoplasm. All the granular cells showed regular nuclei and no degeneration. Though lysosomes might play a role of autophagy and of remodeling the cytoplasm, its presence seems to have an active function in tumor cells, as opposed to the aging or degenerating function.
CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST IN A 5 YEARS OLD GIRL
Authors: Tanimura Akira , Konaka Kazuichi
Published: December 2008

A case of juvenile carcinoma of mammary gland in a 5 years old girl was reported. Only 32 cases of breast cancer in those under 19 years of age have been reported in Japan. The number of the cases in children under 10 years of age is extremely few totalling only 2 cases, including our case. The prognosis was different between the cases in Japan and those in foreign countries. This may be due to the difference in histology.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF COXSACKIE B VIRAL MYOCARDITIS
Authors: Tanimura Akira , Nakashima Nobuko , Komatsu Yoshiharu , Arakawa Masahiro , Ookita Yasuo , Senoo Toshikazu , Toshima Hironori , Koike Shigeyuki
Published: December 2008

Autopsy cases of myocarditis caused by Coxsackie viruses in two infants, aged 5 years and 10 months and 12 years, and two adults, aged 24 years and 45 years, were presented. Of the four cases, three revealed a rise in serum neutralization titer to Cox B4 virus and one to both Cox B2 and Cox B4 viruses. Compared with the adult cases, the 2 infant cases showed less inflammatory response with relatively prominent hypertrophy in the heart. Both of the adult cases revealed intensive inflammatory reaction. Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration remained in one of the adult cases though the case survived about 4 years after manifestation of the infection, suggesting possible involvement of immunological factors.
PRIMARY EXTRAMEDULLARY PLASMACYTOMA OF SUBMAXILLARY LYMPH NODE
Authors: Tanimura Akira , Koziro Masamichi , Miyoshi Takao
Published: December 2008

A case of extramedullary plasmacytoma originating in the left sub‐maxillary lymph node in a 63‐year‐old man was reported. The diagnosis of plasmacytoma was made on the basis of a monoclonal proliferation of IgG, K type of plasma cells by means of immune antibody staining. About 70% of extramedullary plasmacytoma cases have been reported to have a primary lesion in the upper respiratory tract and the oral cavity with cervical lymph node metastases in 8‐30%. The present case was considered to be of submaxillary lymph node origin in view of failure of various examinations to detect lesions in the oral cavity and the upper part of the respiratory tract.
EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS PRESENTING AS MEDIASTINAL TUMOR
Authors: Tokumitsu Shin‐ichi , Tokumitsu Kumi , Kohnoe Kazuhiro , Takeya Motohiro , Takeuchi Tadao
Published: December 2008

An autopsy revealed extramedullary hematopoietic foci scattered along the thoracic vertebrae and between the ribs in a patient who died of lung cancer. One of them formed a tumor‐like mass adhering to the 10th vertebra, and measured 8 × 6 × 2 cm. The cellular components included erythrocytic, granulocytic and megakaryocytic series at various stages of maturation as well as abundant iron‐pigmented histiocytes. The patient also suffered from chronic hemolytic anemia and secondary hemochromatosis. The intimate relationship of the intrathoracic tumor‐like masses of extramedullary hematopoietic tissue with chronic hemolytic anemia is briefly reviewed.
ALLERGIC GRANULOMATOSIS AND ANGIITIS (CHURG‐STRAUSS)
Authors: Oonishi Tadahiro , Ishiko Toshitaka
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of allergic granulomatosis and angiitis of Churg and Strauss is presented. The patient with a history of bronchial asthma of 3 years duration, a mild fever and hypereosinophilia, died in status asthmaticus. Corticosteroid therapy was not given. The autopsy revealed severe eosinophilic pneumonia, disseminated necrotizing vasculitis of small arteries and veins in various stages, and extravascular granulomatous nodules. The involved organs were the lungs, liver and gastrointestinal tract, but the heart and kidneys were free from these lesions. The differences from the reported cases were discussed.
MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF LARGE INTESTINAL POLYPS
Authors: Taki Tadashi
Published: December 2008

In order to assess the progress of the growth of large intestinal polyps into cancer, the epithelial height and the size of the epithelial nuclei were measured. Mucin histochemistry was also carried out. The increase of the histologic grade was based on the extent of epithelial pseudostratification; epithelial height became greater and epithelial nuclei increased in size. The histochemical mucin values were as follows: the total amount of mucin in a given area increased in grade I epithelia in comparison with its behaviour in normal ones, and then decreased gradually with the increase in histologic grade. Neutral mucin became more conspicuous with the increase of epithelial pseudostratification. The amount of sulphated mucin decreased with the increase in histologic grade. In normal epithelia, sialomucin was rarely seen, but in grade I and II epithelia which did not show nuclear stratification the amount of sialomucin increased strikingly. It then decreased in amount with the increase in histologic grade. The noticeable increase of the amount of sialomucin in grade I and II epithelia can be thought of as a temporary phenomenon which appears in an early stage of carcinogenic process. The large intestinal polyps go through several stages before turning into cancer.
NEURAL INVOLVEMENT IN KAWASAKI DISEASE
Authors: Amano Shigeru , Hazama Fumitada
Published: December 2008

Neurological findings and histopathology of the nervous system were studied in 30 patients with Kawasaki disease.

As neurological manifestations, irritability, lethargy, meningeal signs such as nuchal rigidity, Kernig's sign, and opisthotonus, and facial nerve paralysis were present in 8 patients. In 9 out of 11 patients who had examination of cerebrospinal fluid, pleocytosis mainly consisting of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells was seen. Protein and glucose concentrations were within normal range.

On histopathological investigation, aseptic chorio and/or leptomeningitis were present in 7 out of 14 patients. Severe edema, edema necrosis and localized status spongiosus were frequently observed. Atrophy, nonspecific degeneration and loss of neurons were detected, but pathognomonic changes were not evident. Marginal gliosis in the subpendimal region and superficial cerebral cortex and glial nodule formation surrounding the degenerated neurons were occasionally seen. Vascular changes such as endoarteritis, periarteritis and perivascular cuffing were present in 5 out of 14 patients, though such lesions were geneally mild. Ganglionitis and neuritis in the various areas were seen in 13 patients.
EARLY EFFECTS OF ETIIYLNITROSOUREA ON THE LDH ISOZYME OF RAT FETAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Yun Kankatsu
Published: December 2008

The sequential changes in isozyme distribution of lactate dehydrogenase and calculated ratios of H‐ to M‐subunit were studied by means of acrylamide gel enzymoelectrophoresis in Wistar rat fetal brains from pregnat rats which were administered ethylnitrosourea with a dose of 75 mg/kg on day 14 of gestation, to search for early effects on rat fetal brains of ENU which was transplacental carcinogen and teratogen, from a view point of metabolic aspects. The isozyme patterns were compared to those obtained from normal rat fetal brain. The H/M ratios of ENU‐treated group were significantly lower than those of control group. These data suggested that retarded differentiation of rat fetal GNS was induced by administration of ENU as far as LDH was concerned. The present data were discussed in relation to teratogenesis and carcinogenesis.
LDH ISOZYME ANALYSES OF ETHYLNITROSOUREA‐INDUCED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS IN RATS
Authors: Yun Kankatsu
Published: December 2008

To provide the significance of LDH isozymes in rat CNS tumors, the changes in lactic dehydrogenase isozyme and calculated ratios of H‐ to M‐ subunit were studied by means of polyacrylamide gel enzymoelectrophoresis in tumor extracts from GNS tumors (7 astrocytomas, 4 oligodendrogliomas, 7 mixed gliomas, 6 anaplastic gliomas, 3 glioependymomas, 1 astroblastoma, 11 neurinomas, 8 anaplastic neurinomas and 1 meningioma in Wistar rats which were induced by ethylnitrosourea). The isozyme patterns were compared to those obtained from normal rat CNS tissues. Among the glioma group, oligodendroglioma showed the highest H/M ratio followed by mixed glioma, glioependymoma, astrocytoma, astroblastoma and anaplastic glioma in order of decreasing of H/M ratios. On the other hand, the H/M ratio of neurinoma was significantly higher than that of anaplastic neurinoma. These observation suggested that determination of LDH isozyme patterns could supplement the histological evaluation of brain tumors.
MORPHOMETRY OF THE HUMAN PINEAL GLAND: RELATIONSHIP TO THE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Hasegawa Akio , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

To investigate the role of the pineal gland in the endocrine system, we examined 26 autopsy cases dying from non‐neoplastic diseases. The study was carried out on the hypothetic basis of the possible influences of the pineal gland on the pituitary‐ad renal axis, which we believe to be existing also in man. Measurements on the pineal gland revealed that the weight of the gland was directly proportional to the volume (r=0.94; P<0.001) and also to the nuclear density of the parenchyme (r=0.65; P<0.01). Then, the interrelationship between the weight of the pineal gland and the thickness of the adrenal cortex was determined (r=‐0.56; P<0.05). The pineal gland was significantly larger in weight in the prednisolone treated patients (166±66 mg, [±SD]) than in the others (97±52 mg; P<0.05). We conclude that the functional antagonism exists between the pineal gland and the adrenal cortex in man, although the mechanism involved has not been clarified yet.
EPITHELIOID SARCOMA. A Clinicopathologic and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Enjoji Munetomo , Shinohara Norio
Published: December 2008

This clinicopathologic study concerns four cases of epithelioid sarcoma, which were seen among a group of 603 cases of soft tissue sarcomas in our file. The patients were of young age between 8 and 21 years at the time of initial treatment. The tumors arose in the upper (2 cases) or lower extremities (2 cases), and consisted histologically of irregular nodular masses of polygonal epithelioid cells merging with spindle cells. Electron microscopy in two cases revealed that the tumor cells were an admixture of synovioblast‐like cells and fibroblast‐like cells, the former cells being characterized by pseudoacini and filopodia. In three of the four patients, the tumors recurred one to three times, and one patient with primary tumor had metastases to the skin of the more proximal portions of the same extremity and to the regional lymph nodes. Follow‐up ranging from two to four years, however, revealed that all patients were living and well after single or multiple operations.
UNDIFFERENTIATED (EMBRYONAL) SARCOMA OF THE LIVER
Authors: Kinjo Mitsuru , Shimokama Tatsuro , Tanaka Kenzo , Enjoji Munetomo , Arima Tohru , Ikeda Keiichi
Published: December 2008

A 10‐year‐old girl with undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver reported here had abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and weakness when she was 8 years old. Chemical analyses of the blood and urine were normal. Serum alpha‐fetoprotein was within normal limits. She died of cachexia 1 year and 8 months after the onset of symptoms. Autopsy showed a huge tumor mass in the liver and a few metastatic nodules in the lungs, which were consistent histologically with undifferenitated sarcoma of the liver. To our knowledge, this is the second case report of hepatic undifferentiated sarcoma of children in Japan, the feature being compatible with the description of Stocker and Ishaka.
MORPHOLOGIC SPECTRUM OF LIVER DISEASES AMONG CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS A Comparison between Tokyo, Japan and Cincinnati, U.S.A.
Authors: Karasawa Tsutomu , Kushida Tomoko , Shikata Toshio , Kaneda Haruo
Published: December 2008

To deliniate the histopathological features of liver diseases seen in Japanese alcoholics, 130 Japanese alcoholic patients were studied in comparison with 238 American alcoholic patients. In Japan female alcoholic patients were extremely rare. The male to female ratio was 127 to 3 in Japan and 152 to 89 in U.S.A. Although all aspects of alcoholic liver disease did exist in Japan, typical cases of acute alcoholic hepatitis with alcoholic hyalins were remarkably smaller in number (9.2% in Japan versus 39.5% in the U.S.A.). The severity based on histopathological findings was also less in the Japanese cases. In contrast to this, 46 percent of Japanese alcoholic patients had chronic hepatitis, and the incidence of multilobular cirrhosis was much greater in Japan wherewith higher prevalence of viral hepatitides.
MESOTHELIOMA WITH LUNG CANCER COMPLICATING ASBESTOSIS
Authors: Okumura Teruhisa , Okada Masanao , Tsuji Motomu , Inoue Akemi , Ochiai Yoko
Published: December 2008

The patient had been employed in an asbestos factory for four years from the age of 16. Five years ago, she complained of sputum and cough, and she was treated for chronic bronchitis. From March, 1977, When she was 53 years old, hydrothorax and ascites increased, her weight decreased and she was hospitalized for cachexia. The clinical diagnosis of malignant diffuse mesothelioma was made on the presence of atypical cells in the effusions. Atypical cells showed a positive colloidal iron staining test and positive hyaluronidase digestion test. Asbestos bodies were found in the sputum. The patient died on February 1978. Postmortem confirmed asbestosis and mesothelioma which was scattered over the pleura, pericardial sac, diaphragma, peritoneum and pancreas. In addition, bronchiolo‐alveolar cell type lung cancer was found localized in the lower lobe of the left lung. The electron beam diffraction disclosed the asbestos as amosite (brown asbestos).
INTRACYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS (BUNINA BODIES) IN AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
Authors: Okamoto Koichi , Morimatsu Mitsunori , Hiraj Shunsaku , Ishida Yoichi
Published: December 2008

In an autopsy case of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, there were intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions of the Bunina type in motor neurons. Electron microscopically, these bodies were observed as amorphous substances, irregularly deposited around the endoplasmic reticulum to form masses. Similar small masses were also visible in mitochondria. These substances did not stain for acid phosphatase. By analytical electron microscopy they contained silicon. Bunina bodies, therefore, seem to be due to deposition of some metabolite, but their nature is still obscure.
DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR SEPTAL AMYLOIDOSIS IN GENERALISED AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Tsububa Airo , Takigami Shigeru , Murakami Yasuhide , Morii Sotokichi
Published: December 2008

A case of generalized amyloidosis is reported which diffusely involved the alveolar septa. A 67‐year‐old Japanese housewife showed no clinical evidence of systemic disease. She had complained of anorexia and diarrhea for a year and finally died of pneumonia‐like symptom. Autopsy revealed a generalized amyloidosis, in which amyloid materials deposited beneath the basement membrane prominently in alveolar septa, and slightly in glands of alimental tract, thyroid and kidneys, perireticularly in the myocardium and adipose tissues, focally in the interstitial spaces of urogenital tract, thyroid, eosphagus and pancreas, and within the walls of small blood vessels in many organs. No amyloid tumor was detected in the respiratory system. Severe alveolar septal amyloidosis occurred diffusely in both lungs in this case. The arrangement of amyloid deposition in the lungs was discussed in relation to gas diffusion in the alveolar walls.
ULTRASTRUGTURAL STUDIES OF A THYMIC CARCINOID TUMOR
Authors: Kaneko Hiroshi , Ishikawa Shinobu , Sumida Toshiko , Sekiya Masao , Toshima Muneatsu , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Naka Yoshikazu
Published: December 2008

A case of a thymic carcinoid tumor is presented. The tumor was a mass measuring 7 by 6 by 5 cm in size. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of a mixture of round, cytoplasm‐rich cells in addition to the predominantly spindle‐shaped cells. The ultrastructural observation showed many secretory granules, about 120 mμ in size, in almost every cell of the tumor. In the cytoplasm many microfilaments were seen, in places forming large nodules and bundles. Centrioles were often observed in the tumor cells. Sometimes three or even more centrioles were seen in a single cell.
ADENOMATOID TUMOR OF THE MALE GENITAL TRACT–A Pathological Study of Eight Cases and Review of the Literature–
Authors: YASIJMAa Tsuguo , Saito Shiu
Published: December 2008

Eight cases of adenomatoid tumors of the male genital tract are presented. Histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies were performed and an approach to a new classification of adenomatoid tumors was discussed. The number of so‐called adenomatoid tumors of male genital tract reported in Japan adding our eight cases totalled 60 cases. These were classfled as follows; 10 cases of mesothelial (superficial) type and 50 cases of adenomatoid (profound) type. Besides these, 8 cases of mesothelial type were reported in foreign literatures. Three cases of adenomatoid tumors of the uterus and a case of epididymitis chronica with reactive proliferation of mesothelial cells were also examined. As a result of these investigations, it is suggested that the histoQenesis of the so‐called adenomatoid tumors is composed of two different processes: i.e., mesothelial type arising from serosal mesothelial cells and adenomatoid type arising from immature Miillerian mesenchymal tissue.
PERIARTERITIS NODOSA IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS: –Immunohistological Study and Permeability Test–
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Motoyama Tei‐ichi , Sato Ryuichi
Published: December 2008

Spontaneously hypertensive rats develop periarteritis nodosa spontaneously with high incidence. Immunohistology of periarteritis nodosa reveals that fibrinogen constantly deposits in the wall of the diseased artery in exceptional combination with IgG but never with complement (Ca). This fact suggests that periarteritis nodosa in spontaneously hypertensive rats may not be arteritis of immune complex type. Permeability test using mainly peroxldase as a tracer demonstrates that increased arterial permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats is recognizable since 4 to 6 months of age without sexual difference in its intensity. In male spontaneously hypertensive rats periarteritis nodosa is observed in 6 of 11 and the arterial permeability increases more pronuncedly in the positive group, whereas 5 female spontaneously hypertensive rats of various ages are free from periarteritis nodosa irrespective of high arterial permeability. Therefore, high arterial permeability does not always lead to regular development of periarteritis nodosa, especially in female spontaneously hypertensive rats.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF HEPATIC HEMATOPOIESIS OF HUMAN FETUSES
Authors: Enzan Hideaki , Takahashi Hiroshi , Kawakami Asahito , YAMASHITAT Seiki , Ohkit Takeshi , Yamamoto Masami
Published: December 2008

Liver tissues obtained from 78 human fetuses between 5 weeks and 10 months of gestation were observed with light and electron microscope. In the third month of gestation hepatic megakaryocytopoiesis reached the maximum level and then appeared to decline. At the maximum level immature to mature megakaryocytes were usually smaller than those from adult bone marrow. They were observed between growing liver cells, within hepatic sinusoids and in the mesenchyme surrounding the liver parenchyma in the given order of frequency. Immature megakaryocytes were characterized by the presence of both demarcation vesicles or tubules and a few small round specific granules. The nucleus was mononuclear but frequently indented. With cell maturation, the megakaryocytes were stained intensely by PAS‐technique. The nuclei were multilobulated. Large cytoplasm was dominated by numerous specific granules and well‐developed demarcation membrane system. Some megakaryocytes passed through the sinusoidal wall and possibly to hepatic sinusoids. These observations indicate that the main site of hepatic megakaryocytopoiesis may be extravascular and more likely between liver cells. Small megakaryocytes in fetal livers are discussed in relation to the occurrence of similar megakaryocytes in various blood dyscrasias.
EFFECTS OF BIS (TRI‐N‐BUTYLTIN) OXIDE ON ENDOCRINE AND LYMPHOID ORGANS OF MALE RATS
Authors: Funahashi Norio , Iwasaki Isao , Ide Genshiro
Published: December 2008

A total of 160 Sprague‐Dawley rats averaging in body weight, were used for hlstopathological and biochemical studies of toxicity of bis (tri‐n‐butyltin) oxide (TBTO). Short‐term effects and long‐term effects were examined. LD50 of TBTO by gastric tubing was 197 mg/kg. The effects of a single dose of TBTO were transient, and rapid recovery followed. TBTO at a a single dose of 100 mg/kg, or a total dose of 390 to 780 mg/kg In 13 weeks, or 780 to 1,560 mg/kg in 26 weeks, caused adrenal hypertrophy, flattening of the thyroid epithelium and atrophy of the thymus and lymph nodes. A single or repeated administration induced swelling and vacuolatlon of aldehyde‐fuchsin‐posltive cells in the adenohypophysls. The lmmunohistochemlcal stainability of the cytoplasm of ACTH‐cells was markedly depressed 24 hours after TBTO treatment, and that of the cytoplasm of TSH‐cells was enhanced. Analogous an inverse relationship was also manifested in the hormonal levels of serum: levels of Cortisol were elevated, while those of T‐4 and TSH were depressed.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IN VITRO ACTIVATION OF GUINEA PIG COMPLEMENT IN GLOMERULI OF HUMAN RENAL BIOPSY MATERIALS FROM VARIED SUBTYPES OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Masugi Yozo , Kogoshi Takeo , Ishizaki Masamichi
Published: December 2008

To measure the potential ability of complement activation by glomerular‐bound immune complex or G3 convertase, the in vitro fixation of guinea pig complement (GPC) components to glomeruli was examined by Immunofluorescence on the frozen sections of human renal biopsy materials, from the varied subtypes of glomerulonephritis (GN). Study for the pathway of complement activation in each subtype was also done. The extent of GPG activation fairly well paralleled with those of the autologous immunoreactants depositions and further with the morphological alterations of glomeruli in the cases of proliferative GN, advanced membranoproliferative GN (MPGN), lupus nephritis, purpurs nephritis of non‐IgA nephritis type and advanced focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. The ability of GPC activation was present but generally weak in the cases of post‐streptococcal acute GN (post‐str. AGN) and subsiding MPGN. The rate of positivity was further reduced in the cases of membranous nephropathy (MN), IgA nephritis and related purpura nephritis. The dominant alternative pathway of GPC activation was found in MPGN, post‐str. AGN, IgA nephritis, and related purpura nephritis, the only classical pathway was noted in MN.
ATYPICAL COLLAGEN DISEASE: Polymyositis, Prominent Hematoxylin Body Formation and Some Manifestations of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Mitsuhashi Takehiro , Hojo Kenji , Kanayama Yoshiharu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of polymyositis with prominent hematoxylin body formation in various organs sand tissues, florid focal and segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis, and some manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis was presented. A 34‐year‐old woman had erythematous edema on the face, joint pain, muscular weakness, cutaneous sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon for about 5 years. She had also a long history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Autopsy revealed polymyositis involving skeletal, smooth and heart muscles. This was widespread consisting of focal and extensive primary degeneration of muscle fibers and Interstitial Inflammatory cell infiltrates near and surrounding small veins and venules accompanied by the derivation of hematoxylin bodies from inflammatory cell nuclei, and in the posterior pharyngeal muscles severely affected, muscle substance was literally erased, leaving interstitial fibrous tissues and blood vessels. This focally restricted, severe necrosis of the skeletal muscle gives a special feature to the polymyositis in the present case. The diagnosis of polymyositis with prominent hematoxylin body formation and some manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis was applied as a rather descriptive designation, but yet it does not absolutely exclude the possibility of a variant of SLE in an additional effort to search for an underlying disorder.
THE SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS OF CANCER INDUCTION WITH CHEMICALS*
Authors: Farber Emmanuel
Published: December 2008

A critical review of some of our current views on how chemicals induce cancer is presented. Emphasis is placed on pathologic processes, rather than on agents and on the many steps that lie between initial exposure to a carcinogen and the appearance of malignant neoplasia. The nature of some of the early steps in carcinogenesis is outlined including the early appearance during initiation of cells resistant to some of the inhibitory effect of carcinogens. This property is considered to be important in the development of cancer in at least one model of carcinogenesis. The essential characteristic of promotion, differential stimulation of proliferation of initiated cells, is discussed along with at least three possible mechanisms for such differential effects of promoting environments. The multistep hypothesis for cancer development is supported by observations of identifiable biochemical and biological properties of different cell populations at some steps. The implications of this for cancer diagnosis, prevention and control are briefly discussed.
A MORPHOLOGIC STUDY ON HUMAN CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF HEART CONSIDERING INFLUENCES OF SOME DISORDERS OF INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Sugai Masayoshi , Kono Rin , Kunita Yukie
Published: December 2008

The authors have investigated the aging changes of the human AV node, AV bundle, and bundle branches considering the influences of various disorders of individuals upon these conduction tissues. These conduction tissues began to develop gradually from the infant stage and the development was completed by young adult stage. Aging changes of the conduction tissues were fat infiltration, fibrosis and elastosis, disappearance of muscle fiber, and general atrophy of the conduction tissues. They were thought to occur not only by aging but also by the influences of various disorders particularly of longstanding chronic diseases. Changes of the conduction tissues seem to be related with thickening and luminal narrowing of the AV nodal artery and superior ventricular septal arteries. Marked elastosis or atrophy was noted in the cases suffering from some long‐standing disorder regardless of the sort of disorders. In the cases which were diagnosed as complete heart block clinically, destruction of the conduction tissues was extremely severe including those of the SA node.
PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF LONG‐TERM RESPIRATOR CARE IN INFANTS
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro , Hosokawa Yoshiaki , Nakashima Teruyuki , Komatsu Yoshiharu , Nakashima Hirobumi , Kuyama Masuko , Fukuda Seiichi , Hashimoto Takeo
Published: December 2008

Twelve infantile autopsy cases up to 205 days using a long‐term respirator care were examined in this study. These cases could be divided into three subgroups. The Arst group included the cases treated with long‐term respirator care for hyaline membrane disease. In this subgroup, bronchopulmonary dysplasla was found during the course. The second group included the cases treated with long‐term respirator care for other causes and were very premature infants. In this group, some cases showed bronchopulmonary dysplasia‐like lesions. The third Group was similar to the second group except for not being very premature. All Qroups had similar histological changes including alveolar cell desquamation, regeneration of alveolar lining cells, fibrosis, and smooth muscle‐like tissue formation of alveolar walls. However, the premature lung tissues remained characteristically in some cases of the second group. In this group, the prematurity of lung was thought responsible for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia‐like lesion. In addition to bronchopulmonary dysplasia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia‐like lesion, other changes including pneumonia, persistent ductus arteriosus, cytomegalic inclusion disease and so forth were discussed.
MASUGI NEPHRITIS PRODUCED BY THE ANTISERUM TO HETEROLOGOUS GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE
Authors: Nishihara Toru , Kusuyama Yoji , Gen Eisei , Tamaki Nobuhiko , Saito Koji
Published: December 2008

Nephrotoxic activity of rabbit antisera to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) from three different donors (rat, gerbil, and man) was examined in mice of various strains. Animals receiving a small dose (0.1 ml) of anti‐rat GBM or a large dose (0.3 ml×2) of anti‐gerbil GBM developed massive proteinuria and irreversible glomerular lesions which were identical to those seen in rats receiving anti‐rat GBM, i.e. rat Masugi nephritis. Linear deposition of rabbit IgG, host's immunoglobulins and C3 was characteristically seen. Necrotizing changes and crescent formation accompanied by plasmic exudation, cellular proliferation and/or infiltration of PMNs and monocytes occurred after the injection. In animals receiving anti‐human GBM, linear deposition of rabbit IgG and less marked glomerular changes were seen. The finding of no specificity in species between GBM antigens of rat and mouse indicates the usefulness of rat GBM for mouse Masugi nephritis or anti‐GBM disease.
VICTORIA BLUE‐NUCLEAR FAST RED STAIN FOR HBs ANTIGEN DETECTION IN PARAFFIN SECTION
Authors: Tanaka Kaoru , Mori Wataru , Suwa Koji
Published: December 2008

Hepatitis B surface antigen, in paraffin embedded sections, can be stained by victoria blue and recognized easily against the background, including the cytoplasm and nucleus, stained by nuclear fast red. This new staining method has many merits such as easy staining procedure, long stability of dye solution, negative Rtainability of ordinary bile pigment, etc., and seems to be quite useful for routine as well as research works in hepatology.
EVALUATION OF THE STAINING CONDITIONS OF IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE IN PRIMARY GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Tomino Yasuhiko , Nomoto Yasuo , Endoh Masayuki , Sakai Hideto
Published: December 2008

A study of the evaluation of various staining conditions of immunofluo‐rescence in renal biopsy specimens is described. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 52 patients with various types of primary glomerulone‐phritis, and stained with fluorescein‐conjugated anti‐human IgG, IgA, or IgM antisera under various staining conditions. The results indicated that IgM was more prominently stained at 4°C overnight than at 37°C or room temperature by the immunofluorescent staining. Both IgG and IgA did not show any dmerences in the pattern of staining under different conditions. It is suggested that the different staining conditions of immunofluorescence in patients with glomerulonephritis is useful for the evaluation of the classes of immunoglobulins deposited in the glomeruli.
GIANT CELL CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Imai Shunsuke , Sekigawa Susumu , Ohno Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Tsubura Yoshihiko
Published: December 2008

A case of giant cell carcinom of the pancreas is reported herein. The patient is a 67‐year‐old Japanese woman complaining of ascites, general fatigue, loss of weight, abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting. Cytological diagnosis of ascites revealed adenocarcinoma. At autopsy, a whitish tumor measuring around 5 cm in diameter was found at the head of the pancreas. Metastasis was seen only in the liver. Histological examination displayed bizarre multinucleated giant cells occasionally phagocytosing the tumor cells and neutrophils.
IDIOPATHIC MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WITH CRESCENTS
Authors: Tateno Sumio , Sakai Tenei , Kobayashi Yutaka , Shigematsu Hidekazu
Published: December 2008

Three cases with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis associated with crescent formation are reported. A 39‐year‐old woman showed rapidly progressive decline in renal function. Her renal histology disclosed early membranous changes with diffuse crescent formation. Another patient, a 37‐year‐old woman with nephrotic syndrome, underwent a renal biopsy which revealed fully developed membranous glomerulonephritis with focal crescents. The proteinuria of the third patient, a 63‐year‐old woman, was closely examined, and her renal biopsy showed membranous glomerulonephritis with focal crescents. The renal function in the second and third cases has been stable. Circulating anti‐glomerular basement membrane antibodies were not detected in any of the cases. It is possible that idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis evolves into crescentic glomerulonephritis by means of immune complexes without mediation of anti‐glomerular basement membrane antibodies.
CHOLECYSTIC GRANULOMAS IN GALLSTONE DISEASE
Authors: Hanada Masato , Tujimura Takashi , Kimura Masaharu
Published: December 2008

This paper concerns with 17 cases of chronic cholecystitis with various granulomatous changes of the wall. All materials were obtained from patients who underwent cholecystectomy for various complications of gallstone disease. The only significant sign attributalbe to the granulomas was a palpable nodular induration in the wall at operation in several cases, and this led to a suspicion of neoplasm in one. Pathologically, these lesions were characterized principally by nodular proliferation (0.5–3.0 cm in size) of various forms of histiocytic cells, including lipid‐containing histiocytes (foam cells), PAS positive brown pigmented cells, and multinucleated giant cells. Deposition of bile pigment and/or cholesterin crystals were found deeply in the areas of granulomatous reaction in about two‐thirds of the cases. This finding supports a bile‐induced granulomatous process of these lesions. The granuloma in one of our series contained typical Michaelis‐Gutmann bodies seen in a case of malakoplakia. It is suggested that bile materials, which are capable of eliciting intense phagocytic reaction, may also act as an initiating factor in formation of malakoplakic lesions.
THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED RAT GLOMERULI BY FIBRIN SLIDE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Hara Masanori , Kihara Itaru , Morita Takashi , Otte Takashi , Yamamoto Tadashi
Published: December 2008

A method for measurement of rat glomerular fibrinolysis and the results of its application to rat Masugi nephritis are described. The glomerular fibrinolytic activity was measured on isolated glomeruli using a fibrin slide technique. The procedure of this method is simple and the results obtained have a good reproducibility. By applying this method to rat Masugi nephritis, sequential changes in glomerular fibrinolytic activity could be assessed. A decrease in glomerular fibrinoloytic activity that was related to the extent of fibrin deposits in the glomeruli was demonstrated in the autologous phase.