bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of palladium-phosphorus catalysts supported on HZSM-5 zeolite in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Belykh L. B. , Skripov N. I. , Milenkaya E. A. , Kornaukhova T. A. , Sterenchuk T. P. , Stepanova Yu. K. , Schmidt F. K.
Published: September 2024

The properties of Pd/HZSM-5 and Pd–nP/HZSM-5 catalysts in direct synthesis and side processes of decomposition and hydrogenation of H2O2 under mild conditions in ethanol and aqueous-ethanol medium in the presence of an acid inhibitor were studied. Using HR-TEM, XRD and ICP MS methods, it was shown that as a result of modification with phosphorus, X-ray amorphous highly dispersed systems are formed, which represent structurally disordered solid solutions of phosphorus in palladium. The main reasons for the promoting effect of phosphorus on the yield of H2O2 are considered. It has been established that, along with phosphorus and acid modifiers, the use of a zeolite support in the H-form favors the inhibition of the side process of H2O2 decomposition.
Incorrect estimates of all causes Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for cosmonauts, including comparative with astronauts, in study from the USA (R.J. Reynolds et al.)
Authors: Koterov A. N.
Published: September 2024

Cosmonauts and astronauts, as well as pilots, are regarded as occupational groups exposed to permanent exposure to cosmic radiation, including low LET radiation and dense ionizing particles. The data from Table II of Reynolds R.J. et al., 2014, USA, in terms of Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) from all causes for cosmonauts compared with the USSR/Russia general population and with US astronauts (1960–2013) were analysed. The data on the mortality of cosmonauts were taken by the authors from the site ‘USSR/Russian cosmonaut biographies’, and the source of information on mortality rates for the population of the USSR/Russia is not indicated. R.J. Reynolds and co-authors, firstly, claim a 9–10-fold decrease in the overall mortality of cosmonauts compared to the general population of the USSR/Russia, although a similar value in terms of the ‘healthy worker effect’ is unknown for any other types of employment in developed countries. Secondly, when recalculating the SMR of astronauts in comparison with the population of the USSR/Russia, the value of SMR begins to amount to negligible, indicating an allegedly 17–29 times lower mortality (life expectancy is inversely proportional to SMR). Thirdly, based on the SMR index for astronauts compared to the general population of the United States (Reynolds R.J., Day S.M., 2010), which was 0.59, when recalculating the SMR for cosmonauts to the general population of the United States SMR = 1.1–1.7 times. That is, compared to the US population, Soviet/Russian cosmonauts allegedly have a life expectancy reduced by up to 1.7 times, although a similar level of SMR is shown only in a few studies of asbestos and chemical production. In your summary Reynolds R.J. et al., 2014 includes data on increased SMRs of cosmonauts compared to astronauts, but no other details. It is concluded that, due to the stated absurd data, the study of cosmonaut SMR performed in the USA cannot be considered correct and should not be used for citation, as well as for professional or social comparisons or conclusions.
Assessment of radiobiological effects of γ-irradiation of barley seeds Hordeum vulgare L.
Authors: Afonina Svetlana O. , Komarova Liudmila N. , Rasskazova Marina M.
Published: September 2024

The effect of γ-irradiation (60Co) in the dose range from 2 to 50 Gy on the morphological (length of the sprout, length of the main root) and biochemical parameters (the content of photosynthetic pigments – chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids) of sprouts of irradiated seeds of common barley variety Vityaz was studied.
Oxygen-Dependent Aspects of the Action of Asprosyn
Authors: Zinchuk V. V. , Al-Jebur J. S. O.
Published: September 2024

A new hormone from the group of adipokines, called asprosin, was discovered in adipose tissue, which is a regulator of the body’s reactions to short-term fasting, initiates the release of glucose from the liver and increases appetite, and increases the total amount of energy reserves in adipose tissue. This hormone, determining the bioenergetic status of the body, affects the oxygen content in tissues, and, accordingly, the oxygen transport function of the blood in case of excess body weight and insulin resistance. In persons with an increased content of asprosin with overweight and obesity of the first degree, as well as with insulin resistance, a change in the position of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is observed, accompanied by an increase in the concentration of the gas transmitter nitrogen monoxide and a decrease in the level of hydrogen sulfide. This factor is involved in the regulation of the gas transmitter system and the formation of blood oxygen transport mechanisms. The contribution of asprosin to the formation of oxygen supply and adaptive reserves of the body in individuals with metabolic disorders, which reflects a new aspect of the mechanism of its action.
Insulin Signaling in Neurons of the Tuberal Area of the Hypothalamus of Rats During Aging
Authors: Anfimova P. A. , Porseva V. V. , Pankrasheva L. G. , Shirina E. S. , Masliukov P. M.
Published: September 2024

The hypothalamus is a regulatory center that controls homeostasis, reproduction, circadian rhythms and the endocrine system. It is also involved in the regulation of aging. The expression of insulin receptors (INR) as well as insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) was studied in neurons of the arcuate (ARN), dorsomedial (DMN) and ventromedial (VMN) nuclei of the rat hypothalamus using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in young males (2 months), adult (12 months) and old (24 months) rats. The results showed that the expression of INR and IRS1 in neurons of the nuclei of the mediobasal hypothalamus of rats changes in different directions with age. With age, INR expression decreases in the ARN and increases in the DMN and VMN. IRS1 expression is unchanged in the ARN and VMN and decreases in the DMN with aging.
Effect of Estradiol on Carbohydrate-Fat Metabolism and FGF21 System Activity in Female C57BL/6 Mice with Short-Term Consumption of the Cafeteria Diet
Authors: Jakovleva T. V. , Kazantseva A. Yu. , Mamontova K. Yu. , Bazhan N. M.
Published: September 2024

The cafeteria diet contributes to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, reduces insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Hepatic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) promotes adaptation to the consumption of sweet and fatty foods. Female mice are less sensitive to the damaging effects of the cafeteria diet than males, which may be due to the effect of estradiol on the activity of the FGF21 system: on the hepatic expression of the Fgf21 gene, on the blood level of hormone, or on the levels of receptors and coreceptors beta-clotho, which determine the sensitivity of tissues to FGF21. The purpose of this work was to verify this assumption. The effect of estradiol (10 mg/animal once every three days) was evaluated in ovariectomized female C57BL/6 mice who consumed a cafeteria diet (standard food, lard and cookies) for two weeks. Indicators of carbohydrate-fat metabolism, taste preferences, and activity of the FGF21 system were determined. Ovariectomy increased body weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight, fat intake, Pomc expression in the hypothalamus, decreased expression of estradiol receptors in the liver and cookie consumption. Estradiol did not have a significant effect on these parameters. In ovariectomized females with estradiol deficiency, blood cholesterol levels and liver expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase gene were lower than in sham operated females, and estradiol normalized these parameters. Ovariectomy lowered, and the administration of estradiol increased the level of coreceptor beta-clotho (Klb) mRNA in the liver and in the hypothalamus. These results suggest that at the initial stages of consumption of sweet and fatty foods, estradiol increases the sensitivity of the liver and hypothalamus to FGF21 and thereby enhances the contribution of the FGF21 system to the processes of adaptation to the cafeteria diet.
Effectiveness of Course Use of Metformin and its Combination with Intranasal Insulin for Treatment of Rats with “Cafeteria Diet”-Induced Obesity
Authors: Derkach K. V. , Zorina I. I. , Shpakov A. O.
Published: September 2024

The “cafeteria diet,” which includes an excess of saturated fats and easily digestible carbohydrates, leads to obesity and is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Metformin (MF) is often used to correct diet-induced obesity (DIO), but in some patients it causes serious side effects, which requires a reduction in its doses, including through combined use with drugs that potentiate the effects of MF. A candidate for the role of such drugs is intranasally administered insulin (INI), which itself has a restorative potential in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The goal of the work was to study the effectiveness of a three-week combined use of MF (100 mg/kg/day, perorally) with INI in two doses (1.5 and 6.0 IU/kg/day) for the correction of metabolic and hormonal disorders in male rats with DIO induced by a “cafeteria diet”. It was shown that in rats with DIO, the combination of MF and INI normalized body weight and abdominal fat, restored glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, basal and glucose-stimulated levels of insulin and leptin. Compared with MF monotherapy, the combined use of MF and INI more effectively restored sensitivity to insulin, assessed by a decrease in the insulin resistance index, and also normalized glucose tolerance, assessed by a decrease in the value of AUC0-120, the integrated area under glucose concentration curves in the glucose tolerance test. The combination of MF with INI at a dose of 1.5 IU/kg/day normalized the hormonal status of the thyroid system, disturbed in DIO, while the combination of MF with INI at a dose of 6 IU/kg/day worsened the hypothyroid state, mainly due to hyperactivation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion and the development resistance of the thyroid gland to it. Thus, for the correction of metabolic and hormonal parameters in DIO, including the restoration of the functions of the thyroid system, the use of MF with relatively low doses of IVI, which does not have a negative effect on the thyroid axis, is promising.
Peculiarities of the Emotions Manifestation by 7–8 Old Children in Speech and Facial Expressions
Authors: Kleshnev E. A. , Frolova O. V. , Lyakso E. E.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the research was to study the characteristics of the reflection of emotional states “neutral (calm state) –– sadness –– joy – anger – fear” in the speech and facial expressions of children 7–8 years old and to identify differences in the expression of emotions by boys and girls of this age. The work was carried out as part of a study of the emotional sphere of children with typical and atypical development using the CEDM method for assessing the emotional development of children. 14 children (7 boys, 7 girls) – primary school students – took part in the study. The ability of children to reflect emotions in the characteristics of voice and facial expressions and to recognize emotions was analyzed. For this purpose, speech recording and video recording of children’s facial expressions and behavior, instrumental and perceptual analysis of emotional speech, and automatic analysis of facial expression were carried out. The children’s heart rate was recorded, and the dominant hemisphere was determined by speech using a dichotic test. The features of the reflection of the emotional states of boys and girls in the characteristics of speech are revealed. The specificity of reflecting the emotional states of children in facial expression is described. The connections between the psychophysiological indicators of children and their reflection of emotional states in their voice and facial expressions were determined.
Genotoxic Stress is a Trigger of Endothelial Dysfunction in Wistar Rats: Results of a Molecular Genetic Study
Authors: Sinitsky M. Yu. , Sinitskaya A. V. , Khutornaya M. V. , Asanov M. A. , Shishkova D. K. , Poddubnyak A. O. , Ponasenko A. V.
Published: September 2024

Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease are the leading causes of disability and mortality among the population. Genotoxic stress can be considered as a new trigger of endothelial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases. This research was aimed to the study of molecular genetic markers of endothelial dysfunction associated with genotoxic stress in normolipidemic Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats that received tail vein injections of the alkylating mutagen mitomycin C (MMC) at the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (experimental group) or 0.9% NaCl solution (control group) three times a week for a month were included in the presented study. Genotoxic stress in animals was assessed using a micronucleus assay in polychromatophilic erythrocytes (PCE); endothelial dysfunction was identified by assessing the expression of the Vcam1, Icam1, Sele, Selp, Il6, Ccl2, Cxcl1, Mif, Vwf, Serpine1, Plau, Plat, Klf2, Klf4, Nfe2l2, Nos3, Snai1, Snai2, Twist1, Zeb1, Cdh5 and Cdh2 genes in the endothelial monolayer of the descending aorta. It was found that rats from the experimental group are characterized by pronounced genotoxic stress, as evidenced by a more than threefold increased frequency of micronucleated PCE and a decreased proportion of PCE in the total pool of analyzed erythrocytes. Gene expression profiling showed that rats included in the experimental group are characterized by pro-inflammatory activation of endothelium, accompanied by increased expression of the Vcam1, Icam1, Selp, Il6, Ccl2 and Cxcl1 genes, as well as impaired endothelial mechanotransduction, characterized by decreased expression of the Klf2 and Klf4 genes. Thus, MMC-induced genotoxic stress in normolipidemic Wistar rats is associated with impaired two key links of the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and can be considered as one of its triggers.
Sentra Pengolahan Breakwater sebagai Bentuk Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim
Authors: Nurkhotija Ghea , Diawangsa Rendi , Patria Andika Nur
Published: September 2024

Indramayu merupakan daerah pesisir pantai utara. Dengan kondisi seperti ini, abrasi pantai mengakibatkan wilayah daratan tergerus oleh gelombang laut dan mengakibatkan terlepasnya material pantai. Salah satu desa yang terkena dampak abrasi adalah Desa Ujunggebang. Melihat kondisi ini, tim pengabdian PT PLN NP UP melakukan pelatihan kepada anggota Koperasi Plentong Maju Sejahtera berupa pelatihan pembuatan breakwater kepada anggota koperasi. Tujuan adanya pelatihan ini supaya abrasi di pesisir pantai dapat berkurang dan kesejahteraan anggota koperasi dapat lebih baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini adalah diskusi dan preaktek langsung. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah peserta pelatihan dapat menghasilkan breakwater. Harapan dari kegiatan ini, breakwater yang dihasilkan dapat dipasarkan lebih luas sehingga dapat membantu meningkatkan pendapatan warga Desa Ujunggebang.
АНТИОТРАЖАЮЩИЕ ПОКРЫТИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ОКСИДА ОЛОВА
Authors: Дмитриева Е.А. , Бондарь Е.А. , Лебедев И.А. , Елемесов К.К. , Kемелбекова A.E.
Published: September 2024

В данном исследовании разработана методика получения покрытий оксида олова на основе метода спрей-пиролиза пяти-водного кристаллогидрата тетрахлорида олова в этаноле. В качестве подложки использовали монокристаллический кремний, с кристаллографической ориентацией {111}. Формирование покрытий оксида олова происходило при температуре 400°C и давлении 1 Бар. Было установлено, что рост пленок оксида олова осуществляется по островковому механизму Вольмера-Вебера. Элементный анализ показал отсутствие побочных продуктов на поверхности покрытий, таких как углерод и хлор. Оптимальная толщина покрытия, минимизирующая отражение, составляет от 2,5×10⁻⁵ г/см² до 5,5×10⁻⁵ г/см², что подтверждено спектрофотометрическим анализом. Эти результаты указывают на возможность использования данных покрытий для повышения анти-отражательной способности кремниевых подложек, что может быть полезно в различных оптоэлектронных применениях.
F (R, Lm) ГРАВИТАЦИЯДАҒЫ КЕШ ҒАРЫШТЫҚ КЕҢЕЮДІҢ МҰЗДАТЫЛҒАН КВИНТЕССЕНЦИЯСЫН ЗЕРТТЕУ
Authors: Жадыранова А. , Исмаил У. , Бейсекеева Ж. , Бекова Г. , Уалиханова У.
Published: September 2024

Ғарыштық кеңеюдің соңғы кезеңіндегі квинтессенциалды мұздату сценарийін сызықтық емес гравитациялық модель көмегімен зерттейміз  , мұндағы α-еркін параметр. Осы модельдің шешімін сәйкес масштабты коэффициентті параметрлеуді қолдана отырып қарастырамыз, содан кейін модель CC, Pantheon+ (SN) және CC+SN+BAO сияқты бақылау деректер жиынтығымен шектеледі. Хаббл параметрі, баяулау параметрі, материя-энергия тығыздығы және біздің модельдің EoS параметрі оның физикалық жарамдылығын растай отырып, ғарыштық уақыт бойынша күтілетін тенденцияларды көрсетеді. Сонымен қатар, модель кейінгі уақытта ΛCDM моделімен үйлесімділікті көрсетеді,  жазықтығында қату әрекетін және тығыздықтың бұзылуына төзімділікті көрсетеді. Нәтижелер өзгертілген  гравитациялық моделі ғаламның үдеу фазасын сипаттауға сенімді тәсіл екенін көрсетеді. Соңғы уақытта әртүрлі космологиялық бақылаулар ғаламның жеделдетілген кеңеюінің дәлелдерін күшейтті. Бұл бақылауларға Ia типті суперновалар (SN Ia), ауқымды құрылым (LSS), Уилкинсон микротолқынды анизотропия зонды (WMAP), ғарыштық микротолқынды фондық сәулелену (CMBR) және бариондық акустикалық тербелістер (BAOs) арқылы жүргізілген өлшеулер жатады. Осы әртүрлі деректер жиынтығын сәйкестендіру ғаламның жеделдетілген кеңеюін басқаратын жұмбақ компонент - күңгірт энергияның (DE) бар екендігінің нақты дәлелдерін береді. Алайда, осы космологиялық бақылауларға сәйкес, DE және күңгірт материя (DM) бірге ғаламның шамамен 95-96% құрайды, бұл әлі толық түсінілмеген жұмбақ компоненттер.Керісінше, бариондық материя ғаламның жалпы көлемінің шамамен 4-5% құрайды. Қазіргі уақытта жалпы салыстырмалылық (GR) сипатталған көптеген гравитациялық эксперименттермен расталған ең сәтті гравитациялық теория болып саналады. Табысқа қарамастан, GR DE және DM жұмбақтарының қанағаттанарлық шешімін ұсына алмайды. Бұл кемшілік GR барлық заманауи космологиялық мәселелерді шешу үшін гравитация соңғы теориясы бола алмайтындығын білдіреді. Соңғы бiрнеше онжылдықта әдебиетте қазiргi космологиялық дилеммаларды шешудiң түрлi балама тәсiлдерi ұсынылды. Олардың ішінде модификацияланған гравитация теориясы ғаламдағы DE және DM байланысты мәселелерді шешуге ең перспективалы үміткер ретінде пайда болды. Ғаламның күңгірт сипаты туралы жұмбақты шешудің жетекші тәсілі GR модификациясының f (R) гравитация теориясы арқылы өзгерту болып табылады,мұндағы R-Риччи скаляры. Бұл теория Риччи скалярын жалпы функциясымен алмастыру арқылы Эйнштейн-Гильберт әрекетін өзгертуді ұсынады, бұл DE қажеттілігінсіз ғаламның жеделдетілген кеңеюін түсіндіруге негіз ұсынады. Бұл мәселені шешу үшін  теориясы сияқты бірнеше басқа өзгертілген теориялар жасалды, мұндағы  импульс-энергия тензорының ізін білдіреді,  теориясы, мұндағы T бұралу скалярын білдіреді,  теориясы, мұндағы  метрикалы емес скалярды білдіреді,  теориясы, мұндағы  Гаусс-Боннет инвариантын білдіреді және басқалары.
ENTROPY OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
Authors: Ussipov Nurzhan , Akhmetali Almat , Zaidyn Marat , Akniyazova Aigerim , Sakan Aknur , Subebekova Gulnur
Published: September 2024

Gravitational waves (GWs), the propagating perturbations within the structure of spacetime, provide a unique window into the dynamics of massive celestial objects and their cataclysmic events such as binary black hole (BBH), black hole – neutron star, binary neutron star (BNS) merger. While the detection and analysis of GWs have significantly advanced our understanding of the universe, the exploration of their information content, specifically their entropy, is not well studied and remains an intriguing avenue of research. This article presents an application of the concept of entropy to GWs and its implications for astrophysics. By using masses of the detected GW sources provided by open-source Gravitational Wave Open Science Center (GWOSC) and the PyCBC library, we generated GWs using different models and approximations. Specifically, we employed three different waveform models: IMRPhenomPv3, IMRPhenomPv2_NRTidal, and IMRPhenomXPHM. After generating GWs with different models we investigated the relationship between entropy and the masses of GW sources. Besides varying values in different models, entropy nearly exponentially decreases while the total mass of the systems providing those GWs increases. Additionally, different waveform models demonstrated varying levels of entropy. This study opens avenues for further research on the underlying physics of GWs and their detection and classification methods.
Development of an automated system for the purification of alkanolamine solutions
Authors: Abilmagzhanov A.Z. , Ivanov N.S. , Adelbayev I.Y. , Kholkin O.S. , А.В. Колеснико А.В. Колесников
Published: September 2024

The alkanolamine solutions used in natural gas purification processes are inevitably degraded over time. This occurs due to accumulation of reaction products from the reactions with carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, oxygen and other impurities present in the gas streams, as well as from thermal degradation. The degradation of solutions leads to the formation of thermostable compounds that not only reduce absorption efficiency, but also increase corrosive activity. Furthermore, part of the amine turns into a bound state and becomes ballast. The necessity of purification of alkanolamine solutions is becoming more and more urgent since the cost of maintaining efficient operation of gas treatment plants grows, and environmental safety requirements increase. Purification of solutions makes it possible to prolong their service life, reduce the cost of purchasing new reagents and reduce the negative impact on the equipment. In this work the method of anion-exchange technology of purification is used. Unlike vacuum distillation and electrodialysis, the considered technology does not require significant energy costs for generation and maintenance of vacuum, and heating of solutions, it can be easily integrated into the existing production process without any significant changes in the infrastructure. The described problem is relevant for Kazakhstan oil refineries, two of which use methyldiethanolamine, and one of which uses diethanolamine, and the existing practice of maintaining the operability of the systems is based on periodic replacement of part of the solution with pure amine. The development of automated systems for purification of such solutions makes it possible to significantly improve process control, minimise manual labour, and improve the overall economic efficiency of production.
SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF ISOPRENE, PIPERYLENE AND THEIR MIXTURES ON SKELETAL NICKEL CATALYSTS
Authors: Kairbekov Zh. , Akhmetov T.Z. , Esenalieva M.Z. , Dzheldybaeva I.M. , Suimbayeva S.M. , Zhomart M.Zh.
Published: September 2024

Results of the hydrogenation process of isoprene and piperylene mixtures, as well as their mixtures on multicomponent skeletal nickel catalysts are reported in this article. Hydrogenation of piperylene and isoprene proceeds at a higher rate (W=215-220 cm3/min·g Ni) on Ni-Mo-Cu alloy catalyst than on skeletal nickel (W=112-115 cm3/min·g Ni). The results of chromatographic analysis indicate that the hydrogenation of piperylene proceeds with high selectivity. The selectivity coefficient Кs is 0.95 and 0.98 on skeletal nickel and Ni-Mo-Cu catalyst, respectively. At hydrogenation of the piperylene-isoprene mixture the piperylene conversion rate (P > J) is prevailed. At piperylene conversion degree P=50 % the isoprene J conversion is 35-37 % on Renea Nickel. 34 % on Ni-Mo-Cu catalyst. The selectivity degree of hydrogenation of this mixture is Sp-i = 0.34-0.36 on Renea Nickel, Sp-i = 0.40 on Ni-Mo-Cu. It was found that during hydrogenation of piperylene and isoprene mixtures on Ni-Al-Mo-Cu (42-50-3-5 %) catalysts the mono- and disubstituted acetylenes are saturated with a high degree of conversion compared with isoprene.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ СОПОЛИМЕРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛИЭТИЛЕНГЛИКОЛЯ
Authors: Токтабаева А.К. , Рахметуллаева Р.К. , Ирмухаметова Г.С. , Рвайдарова Г.О. , Исенова Г.Д.
Published: September 2024

Термочувствительные полимерные соединения использовались в биотехнологии в качестве высокоэффективного реагента из-за воздействия внешней среды, устойчивости к обогащению белков и ферментов, в медицине для разделения лекарственных средств, а также в электронике для решения различных экологических проблем. В связи с этим большим спросом пользуются исследования физико-химических свойств термочувствительных полимеров, их синтез и модификация путем комплексообразования с комплементарными макромолекулами отдельной природы.
Coпoлимepлeнy әдici тepмoceзiмтaл пoлимepлepдi aлy бapыcынa кeң мүмкiндiктep жacaй aлaды. Өздepiнiң cyдaғы epiгiштiктepi бoйыншa epeкшeлiгiмeн coмoнoмepлepдi қoлдaнy мaкpoтiзбeктepдeгi гидpoфильдi жәнe гидpoфoбты бyындapдың қaтынacын, пoлимep-cy жүйeciндeгi фaзaлық ayыcy тeмпepaтypacын кeң apaлықтa peттeyгe мүмкiндiк жacaйды.
Методом поликонденсации были пoлyчeны тepмoчyвcтвитeльныe пoлимepы нa ocнoвe пoлиэтилeнгликoля. Были иccлeдoвaны изменения оптической плотности сополимера в зависимости от температуры. Также, были исследованы влияния ионной силы при температуре на сополимеры на основе полиэтиленгликоля. В результате было доказано, что при повышении концентрации ионной силы термочувствительные свойства сополимера увеличиваются. Образование сополимера между полиэтиленгликолем и себациновой кислотой были доказаны ИК-, ЯМР-спектрами. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об образовании сополимера между полиэтиленгликолем и себациновой кислотой. По исследуемым физика-химмическим свойствам синтезированный сополимер ПЭГ-СК дают возможность использования в химической, биохимической и медицинской областях.
Integration of SDGs in Language Teaching: Assessing the Response of Indonesian Researchers – A Systematic Literature Review Using the SPAR Methods
Authors: Nahdi Khirjan , Basri Hasan , Amrullah  , Susanto Adi
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the responses of Indonesian researchers to the integration of Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) into language teaching. The data for the articles were collected using the SPAR-SLR technique and thematic analysis. A total of 1701 articles were analyzed, sourced from 42 language teaching journals classified under SINTA levels 1 to 6. The articles collected were from journals with two issues per year. The findings of this research indicate that Indonesian researchers have not given optimal attention to the integration of SDGs into language teaching. This limitation is primarily due to the lack of awareness and capacity among educators to integrate SDGs into language teaching. The limited integration of SDGs in language teaching corresponds with the scarcity of studies on this topic. There is a need to enhance the awareness and capabilities of educators in integrating SDGs into language teaching. Simultaneously, researchers must adopt a scientific inclination in their studies and publications related to the integration of SDGs into language teaching. Collaboration between educators and researchers to improve awareness and capacity is recommended as part of the effort to achieve educational quality, in line with the goals of the SDGs, through language teaching.
On the Relationship between Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Professional Identity: A Case Study of EFL Teachers
Authors: Rayati Mitra
Published: September 2024

The present study investigates the application of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) as an innovative approach in second language teaching (SLT) to explore its impact on the professional identity of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, the research involved 148 Iranian EFL teachers of both genders. The quantitative phase employed NLP and Teacher Professional Identity questionnaires, with a selected group of 20 teachers participating in a four-week NLP training workshop designed to enhance their understanding and application of NLP in classroom discourse. A researcher-designed observation checklist measured teachers' use of NLP techniques. The subsequent qualitative phase involved two rounds of semi-structured interviews with the workshop participants. Spearman rho analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between NLP and the professional identity of EFL instructors. Thematic analysis of qualitative data further affirmed NLP's potential to enhance teaching quality and contribute to teachers' professional identity development. These findings underscore the substantial role of NLP in positively influencing teachers' professional development.
Exploring the Significance of Teachers’ Funds of Knowledge in Language Teacher Learning
Authors: Castro Mosqueda Héctor
Published: September 2024

This article emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and considering teachers' funds of knowledge in the domain of language teacher learning. The study explores the concept of funds of knowledge in teacher learning by collecting data from a group of language teachers through written life stories, focus interviews, and individual interviews. The analysis reveals that family-based funds of knowledge influence how these teachers approach their teacher-learning process. Experiences with family, societal perceptions of teachers, and non-educational experiences have an impact not only on teachers' perceptions but also on their teaching practices. Teachers in this study emphasize the importance of taking courses to stay updated in their profession. They view these courses as instrumental in providing them with greater confidence in their work. Learning about methods, theories, and classroom management is considered a crucial asset for teachers, enhancing their teaching practice and instilling a sense of confidence. Understanding and valuing teachers' funds of knowledge can enhance the effectiveness of the teacher-learning process, providing a space for professional development where teachers can validate and utilize their knowledge. This understanding fosters a more inclusive and effective learning environment that caters to the diverse needs of teachers in their professional development process.
Improving EFL Learners’ English Public Speaking Performance through Project-based Learning Strategy at Tertiary Level
Authors: Shi Chuanfang , Kassim Asiah , Mohd Radzuan Noor Raha
Published: September 2024

Traditional English education in China, with its emphasis on grammatical proficiency and written accuracy, often neglects public speaking, resulting in a notable deficiency in practical language application. This study investigated the potential of project-based learning to address this problem by promoting more interactive, student-centered learning experiences that foster authentic language use, specifically aiming to improve public speaking performance among university students in China, who are learning English as a foreign language (EFL). An explanatory sequential mixed method study, involving the pretest and post-test for quantitative data and semi-structured interviews for qualitative data, was conducted with 60 students purposely selected as the research participants. By the triangulation of the quantitative and qualitative findings, it was found that students in the experimental group who underwent the project-based learning intervention showed a significant improvement in English public speaking performance compared with the control group. In addition, students who participated in the interview held a positive attitude toward integrating project-based learning strategy into the process of learning English public speaking. These results contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the adoption of project-based learning approach in EFL teaching, particularly in contexts where enhancing oral communication skills is a priority.
Learner Autonomy and Interlanguage Pragmatic Learning Strategies (IPLS) Use: A Gender-based Analysis in the Saudi EFL Context
Authors: Abdullah Alsmari Nuha
Published: September 2024

This study sought to scrutinize the interplay between interlanguage pragmatic learning strategies (IPLS) usage and learner autonomy among male and female English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. It also examines whether gender plays a significant role in the adoption and efficacy of these strategies in the EFL learning context. The study sample consisted of 156 upper-intermediate Saudi EFL learners, comprising an equal distribution of 78 males and 78 females. Data were collected via a proficiency test, learner autonomy survey, and IPLS inventory. The results revealed significant gender-based differences in both learner autonomy scores and the application of IPLS. Female learners displayed more strategic approaches to pragmatic learning and greater autonomy compared to male learners. Additionally, a moderately positive correlation between IPLS use and learner autonomy was found for female learners, whereas a strong positive association was observed for male learners, suggesting the critical role of strategy training in fostering learner autonomy. This study provides significant pedagogical implications and substantial insights into the interplay between learner autonomy and IPLS across genders in EFL learning environments.
Mapping Motivational Networks in EFL: Exploring the Impact of Additional L2 Lessons
Authors: Garcés-Manzanera Aitor
Published: September 2024

Learning a second language (L2) is dependent upon numerous external and internal factors, among which motivation plays a relevant role. In fact, motivation has been recognized as crucial in the L2 learning process (Ushioda, 2012). Such has been its importance that interest in L2 motivation has led to the development of theories such as the L2 motivational construct, and the L2 motivational self system (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009). Nevertheless, despite the academic focus on L2 learning motivation (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2013), the impact of additional L2 lessons on students already engaged in formal L2 instruction at an official educational level (e.g., Higher Education) remaines vastly underexplored. Thus, this study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the differences between 118 undergraduate EFL students who attended extra L2 lessons and those who did not. Considering the complex nature of the motivational construct, a Bayesian network analysis was used, categorizing motivations into two modules based on attendance of additional L2 lessons. This allowed us to observe the different factors of motivation as a whole construct, and not individually. The findings revealed that students who attended extra lessons are internally motivated toward self-improvement, whereas those who do not attend extra L2 lessons are influenced by external pressures and career aspirations.
Cognitive Contradictions in EFL Teachers’ Grammar Teaching: Exploring Practices and Perceptions
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Mohd Nasim Saleem
Published: September 2024

Guided by Activity Theory framework, this study tends to uncover prominent contradictions in the activity systems in which non-native English as a Foreign Language (EFL) grammar teacher cognition operates. The study attempts to fill the existing research gaps, as there are visible gaps in the literature to address the problem from this angle. To this end, the study used a mixed methods design, employing a teacher belief questionnaire and triangulated by a structured classroom observation checklist. The questionnaire was administered to 132 teachers, selected through stratified random sampling, while eight teachers were observed multiple times, based on purposeful sampling. The results of the study revealed several contradictions in the activity systems of EFL teacher cognition in grammar teaching. Weak teacher cognition caused by these contradictions contributes to the low proficiency level of their students. This research has practical implications and offers recommendations to enhance EFL teacher cognition in the area of grammar instruction.
Micro Business Empowerment: Strategies of Amil Zakat, Infaq and Sadaqah University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Authors: Sania Ana , Sutrisno  , Aslam Ejaz
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Poverty significantly impacts the social, economic, political, and health sectors. To reduce the poverty rate, appropriate solutions are needed, one of which is community-based microeconomic empowerment through the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises through the role of government, financial institutions, and society. Muhammadiyah amil zakat, infaq, and sadaqah institutions have Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise empowerment programs in the economic field. Objective: This research aims to find out the micro business empowerment strategy carried out by Muhammadiyah Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah Institution Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta University Service Office of the micro business empowerment program carried out by Muhammadiyah Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah Institution Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta University in Yogyakarta. Method: This research uses a qualitative research method, a research method used to examine a natural or natural object. The researcher is the key instrument, and data collection techniques use triangulation. Result: The findings show that Muhammadiyah Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah Institution Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta University's micro business empowerment strategy is an integrated plan, implementation, and evaluation. Empowerment assistance, training, consultation, and motivation can help business actors develop their businesses. Implication: The research highlights the effectiveness of an integrated approach to micro-business empowerment. This suggests that combining planning, implementation, and evaluation in a cohesive strategy is crucial for successful business development. The findings provide valuable insights into how systematic support structures can significantly impact micro-businesses.
The Effect of Internet Banking, Product Advantages, and Customer Relationship Management on Customer Loyalty at Bank Syariah Indonesia Semarang City
Authors: Wardana Yanuar Wendy , Iqbal Reza Pratama
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The growing significance of customer loyalty in the competitive landscape of Islamic banking underscores the need for Bank Syariah Indonesia to understand the key factors that influence it, particularly in Semarang City. Objective: This research aims to analyze the effect of Internet banking, product advantages, and customer relationship management on customer loyalty at Bank Syariah Indonesia in Semarang City. Method: A non-probability sampling technique was applied, explicitly utilizing the snowball sampling method, which started with a small initial group of respondents and expanded through referrals. The sample obtained in this research was 100 Bank Syariah Indonesia customers in Semarang City. The data were analyzed using various statistical tests, including validity and reliability checks, classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity), and multiple linear regression with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v.26. Result: The findings show that Internet banking, product advantages, and customer relationship management positively and significantly affect customer loyalty. This study shows that Internet banking, product excellence, and customer relationship management significantly affect customer loyalty at Bank Syariah Indonesia Semarang City. These variables can explain 66.1% of the variance in customer loyalty, while other factors influence the remaining 33.9%. Implication: The impact of this research provides strategic insights for Bank Syariah Indonesia or other banks to understand better and fulfill customer needs, which ultimately can increase customer loyalty and satisfaction in the long term.
The Problem of European Security
Authors: Líska Ladislav
Published: September 2024

Despite all the tremendous changes, major shifts and new realities that have occurred in the world as a result of the development after the Second World War, Europe still remains to a certain extent in a key position, especially from the point of view of maintaining world peace.
The Historical Connections of the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Authors: Georgiev Jiří
Published: September 2024

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan is among the important milestones of post-war (WWII) development of international relations. Not only did it let loose the new circle of East-West confrontation, but it represented clear proof of the limits of the possibility to export the Marxist revolution to a different civilisation scope as well. The infiltration of the Marxist ideology and its insensitive enforcement caused the strong resistence of the Afghan people, which led to the inglorious removal of the Soviet army from the country. As the author of the article mentions, the secret documents of the Soviet leadership illustrate the incessantly growing conviction of a fatal mistake, i.e. the Soviet military support for irresponsible Afghan communist leaders, acting in contradiction with organic, through centuries evolving traditions and customs. The Kremlin urgencies to find agreement with the moderate Islamists were by ignored by Kabul’s leaders, although some personal changes had taken place. This incompetence led to the final decline of the communist regime.But the pendulum, set in motion by the Marxist coup d’état in 1978, was swinging to the opposite side by this point. The following development in the country caused a new security risk, which has created a challenge for the West. The West now represents Evill in the minds of Islamists, who were deeply hurt during the Soviet invasion by the attack of a foreign power.
The German-Czechoslovak Relations in the 20th and 30th years
Authors: Cabada Ladislav
Published: September 2024

Dagmar Moravcová: Československo, Německo a evropská hnutí 1929-1933. 1. vydání. Praha: Institut pro středoevropskou kulturu a politiku, 2001, 388 stran, ISBN: 80-86130-14-2.
Yavaş Şehir, Kentleşme ve Turizm: Antalya/Finike Örneği
Authors: Öztürk Aykaç Nilüfer
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmada yavaş şehir kavramı, Antalya’nın Finike ilçesi özelinde incelenmiştir. Temel amaç, Finike örneğinden hareketle yavaş şehir tartışmalarına katkıda bulunmak ve yavaş şehir kriterleri bağlamındaki projeleri/etkinlikleri inceleyerek olası toplumsal etkilerine değinmektir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi çerçevesinde hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada veri kaynağı olarak Finike Belediyesi web sitesinde yer alan dokümanlardan (faaliyet raporları, meclis kararları, projeler vs.) faydalanılmış, bu belgeler doküman/belge analizi tekniğine göre incelenmiştir. İncelemede kentleşme, yavaş şehir, turizm, sürdürülebilirlik temalarına odaklanılmış; yavaş şehir kavramının turizmle ilişkisi, yavaş şehrin ve turizmin toplumsal etkileri, sürdürülebilir turizme dair farkındalıklar Finike üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Analiz kısmında, yavaş şehir olma kapsamında değerlendirilebilecek faaliyetler yıllara göre tasnif edilmiş; elde edilen veriler yavaş şehir kriterleriyle örtüşmeleri, turizmle ilişkileri ve ortaya çıkabilecek riskler bağlamında yorumlanmıştır. Finike’nin tarımsal etkinliği, turizm potansiyeli ve yavaş şehir olmaya uygun yönleri ayrıcalıklı özellikleri arasındadır. Bunun yanında Finike’nin popülaritesinin gün geçtikçe artması, kitlesel turizm sebebiyle kalabalıklaşarak kentsel yaşam kalitesinin azalması, bölgedeki biyoçeşitliliği korumaya yönelik eylemlerin yetersiz kalması öne çıkarılabilecek riskler arasındadır. Bu çalışmadan hareketle, yavaş şehir olma deneyiminin toplumsal etkilerine ve özellikle Finike gibi sahil ilçeleri özelinde turizmle olan ilişkisine yönelik farkındalığın artması beklenmektedir.
Denizli’deki Dört ve Beş Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinin Engelliler İçin Uygunluk Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Arman Zengin Hatice , Bulgan Gülay
Published: September 2024

Dünya nüfusunun önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan engelli bireyler hayatlarının büyük bir kısmında birçok zorlukla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Turizmde konaklama ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak isteyen engelli bireyler, otel işletmelerinde erişim engelleri ile karşılaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle, otel işletmelerinin rezervasyon sistemlerinden, tesislerinin dış çevresine, iç mekanlarının tüm alanlarına kadar (odalar, tuvaletler, restoranlar, barlar, vb.) engelli bireylerin ihtiyaçlarına uygun donanımsal ve yapısal düzenlemeler oluşturulmalıdır. Denizli ilinde bulunan dört ve beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinin engelli bireylere yönelik sağlamakta oldukları hizmetler değerlendirilerek, erişim problemlerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada işitme, görme ve ortopedik engelli bireylerin yaşadığı erişilebilirlik sorunlar irdelenerek, konaklama hizmeti aldıkları otel işletmelerinin eksiklikleri belirlenmiş ve bu eksikliklerin giderilmesi için öneriler sunulmuştur. Araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda otel yöneticilerinin çoğunluğunun, ağırlıklı olarak ortopedik engelli bireylere hizmet sunduğu, diğer engelli bireylerin ise bu durumdan şikayetçi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, görme engelli bireyler için otel işletmelerinin restoran ve barlarında erişilebilirlik sorunlarının çözülmediği ve işitme engelli bireyler için otel işletmelerinde işaret dili bilen personelin bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum işitme engelli bireyler için otel işletmelerinin erişilebilir olmadığını göstermektedir
Turist Rehberi Mizahı ile Turistlerin Davranışsal Niyetleri Arasındaki Etkileşim Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Kara Dilek , Güvenol Buğcan , Güler Mehmet Emre
Published: September 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yerli turistlerin rehberli turdan beklentilerini ve rehber mizahı ile turistlerin davranışsal niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Araştırma sosyal etkileşim teorisi kapsamında, amaçlı örnekleme tekniği kullanılarak toplam 127 yerli turist ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. MAXQDA programı aracılığıyla, ilk olarak rehberli bir tura ve turist rehberinin sahip olması gereken özelliklere yönelik beklentiler tematik analiz tekniği ile sunulmuş, ardından rehber mizahı ile davranışsal niyet arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırmada turistlerin turdan beklentileri “bilgi edinme, olumlu yaklaşım ve duygu hissetme, hizmetin değer dengesi, eğlenme ve keyif alma, destinasyon ve kültürü tanıma ile aktivite ve deneyim sunma olmak üzere altı farklı temada, turist rehberinin sahip olması gereken özelliklerin ise “karakteristik özellikler, iletişim ve anlatım yeteneği, farklı, doğru ve yeterli bilgi, hâkimiyet ve yönetim becerisi, eğitim ve donanım ile mesleğe yönelik olumlu tutum” olmak üzere altı farklı temada toplandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca rehber mizahı ile turistlerin davranışsal niyetleri arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu, ancak ilişkilere göre mizah ile tekrar ziyaret etme niyeti arasındaki ilişkinin, destinasyon hakkında olumlu sözler söyleme ve destinasyonu tavsiye etme niyeti arasındaki ilişkiye göre daha zayıf olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Daha sonra yapılacak araştırmalarda farklı rehberli turlara yönelik beklentiler incelenebilir ve karşılaştırılabilir, konaklama işletmeleri çalışanlarının mizah anlayışlarının örgüt kültürüne ve iş yaşamlarına olan etkileri araştırılabilir.