bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Transformation of English Language Teaching (ELT) at a Technical University: BMSTU Case Study
Authors: Margaryan Tatiana D. , Kalugina Liliya V.
Published: December 2020

In order to survive and evolve the humanity needs changes and transformation. Changes in education are of particular importance because education plays a crucial role in creating a sustainable future. Today, we are undergoing digital transformation in all areas of our life, but educational institutions are only taking the first steps to become digital. Digital transformation of education should involve not only using computers at classes but designing new methods of teaching and learning as well. Technologies should benefit education. The purpose of this work is to share the successful experience of educators of the English for engineering technologies department at Bauman University in designing a new multimedia two-year English course for undergraduates at technical universities. The course “English in the Digital Age” includes a Student’s Book in the digital format with integrated audio and video authentic materials, a Workbook with the key and mock tests, a Teacher’s Resource Book with detailed teaching notes and an online course for English grammar drilling with an answer reveal function and personalized testing with automatic assessment. The course essential feature is that an online self-study grammar course and face-to-face learning process are successfully combined and personalized. The benefit of the work is the best practice in creating a basis for digital transformation of learning and teaching English at a technical university.
Processing Archive Information in Digital University
Authors: Baldin Alexander V. , Eliseev Dmitriy V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses methods of processing and storing data archive used in the digital university. Disadvantages of these methods are found. As a result, a fundamentally new method of processing and storing information archive in a constantly changing scheme database is proposed. This method uses mivar technologies. The multidimensional space structure has been developed to store the data archive. This multidimensional space describes the temporal relational model. For processing data, archive is proposed scheme for selecting the subspace and converting it into relations. A method of transformation of relational databases into multidimensional mivar space for efficient execution of operations on temporal data with changing structure is proposed. The transition to a multidimensional space allows us to describe the process of changing temporal data and their structure in a unified way. As a result, the time required to adapt the database schema and the redundancy of information storage are reduced. The results of this work are used in the human resource management database of BMSTU.
The Formation of Educational Programs in the Digital Environment
Authors: Guzeva Tatiana A. , Baldin Alexander V. , Perepelitsa Pavel S. , Makarova Juliya B. , Tsibizova Tatiana Yu.
Published: December 2020

All the components of the university basic educational program and its formation in one system with the choice of the formation unit – academic discipline are presented at the modeling level. A model, which is a unique system for the formation of educational programs and their components, is proposed. It allows to increase the mobility of all university departments that implement educational programs during licensing, accreditation and other examinations.
Experience in Development and Implementation of an Information Management System in a Technical University
Authors: Maqsudov Khurshed T. , Khudoyberdiev Khurshed A. , Soliev Parviz A.
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the experience of developing and implementing a university management information system, as part of the implementation tasks in accordance with the Regulation on the credit system of education in higher professional educational institutions in Republic of Tajikistan, which was approved by Ministry of education and science of Republic Tajikistan from 30.12.2016 г., with number № 19/24. This study presents the general results obtained during the automation of document management (workflow of documents) in university based on a management information system of Khujand Polytechnic institute of Tajik technical university (KPITTU). It is described the functionality of the system based on the conceptual document management scheme at the university. It is given the descriptions of the proposed multi-module system architecture with a brief description of each module. The main tasks pursued by the management information system are considered: ensuring effective management and transparency of the organization activity at all levels, information storage, data management and access regulation, formalization of the activities of each employee, optimization of business processes, saving of resources by reducing the cost of managing paper records. Optimization of educational processes and decision making for university management is analysed. Determining the efficiency from embedding automation in KPITTU is given.
Visualization of Two-Dimensional Flows of an Ideal Fluid by Computer Technology
Authors: Amosova Elena V. , Ozerova Galina P.
Published: December 2020

The use of application software packages in courses on continuum mechanics is considered as part of the general concept of the use of computer technology in the educational process of engineering specialties at a university. Digital modeling allows you to get an idea of the numerical solution of complex problems of mathematical physics. The powerful capabilities of application programs, combined with a mathematical tool for numerical modeling and graphic post-processing, reproduce the functional relationships between various elements of knowledge. Graphic modeling allows the student in a visual form and in conditions similar to a laboratory experiment to get acquainted with the phenomenon being studied and independently conduct a functional comparison with the corresponding theoretical principles.
The Role of Visualization in Mathematics and its Implementation in Nomotex DLS
Authors: Dimitrienko Yury I. , Zubarev Kirill M. , Gubareva Elena A. , Sborshikov Sergei V. , Alesina Raisa K.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, visualizations of second-order curves are considered, created in the Digital Learning System (DLS) Nomotex. Engineering and mathematical examples related to these concepts are given. The visualization collection created on the basis of the Nomotex platform is used for training engineers at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Engineering examples help students better understand the essence of mathematical concepts, as well as learn where this section of mathematics is applied. The paper provides mathematical and engineering examples on this topic, in particular, various images of an ellipse and its properties are given, an elliptical reflector is demonstrated. The article discusses the feasibility of using engineering examples for a particular specialty. The paper compares the performance of students using the Nomotex platform and students studying in the traditional way. The authors estimate the time required to create such visualizations. The authors note the expediency of creating a collection of visual mathematics, which would contain similar visualizations for all mathematical concepts. All examples are implemented using Phyton language facilities.
Differential Equations E-course in Nomotex DLS
Authors: Dimitrienko Yury I. , Anisova Tatiana L. , Smekhnova Anna A. , Alesin Alexander V.
Published: December 2020

The electronic course “Differential Equations” in the Digital Learning System (DLS) NOMOTEX is developed and used for the mathematical training of future engineers. The artcle presents the content and features of the development of the module, as well as the methodology for conducting classroom studies in a digital educational environment. In the Nomotex DLS, the e-course is presented as a neural network structure of knowledge a tree. The content of the e-course is divided into chapters and paragraphs. Within a paragraph, the content is presented in the form of units of knowledge called quanta. The structure of quanta is described in detail, examples are given. The peculiarity of the described methodology is the preservation of traditional forms of education lectures and seminars with the use of a digital educational environment together. At the same time, in the learning process using the NOMOTEX DLS, traditional classroom lessons change significantly. The features of conducting lectures and seminars, measures for monitoring students’ knowledge are described. The Digital Learning System NOMOTEX allows you to implement various courses, forming the content of lectures and seminars from the existing knowledge bank. E-course, usually a part of the course “Integrals and Differential Equations”, read to future engineers in the spring semester of the first year at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University.
The Development of Laboratory Work on the Topic: Pre-processing of Information from CVS Sensors of a Mobile Rescue Robot in Smoke Conditions
Authors: Bogushev Konstantin S. , Rubtsov Vasily I.
Published: December 2020

The solution to the problem of processing long-range and television information received by the sensors of a mobile rescue robot in a smoke-filled environment is considered. A selection of budget sensors is made among those available in the free sale and having open-source software. The selected sensors are linked into a single information field in the free ROS software package using open-source libraries. The first stage of processing is the calibration of sensors to reduce the effect of distortion, as well as comparing the color image of the television camera with the readings of the rangefinder. The second stage is the analysis of existing solutions for image filtering in smoke conditions and the selection of the best according to the criteria for reducing the number of “smoke-filled” pixels and speed of response. In this paper, an algorithm is selected based on an atmospheric physical model with image analysis in the YCrCb space. The operation of this algorithm is demonstrated and a method for approximating a long-range image using a filtered color image is proposed to restore information from a rangefinder and further construct a model of the environment. Suggestions were made for further analysis and improving the accuracy of the algorithm. Based on this decision, laboratory work was formed in the course “RS designing”.
The Use of Simulation Tools in the Development and Design of Near-Location Systems
Authors: Borzov Andrey B. , Pavlov Grigory L.
Published: December 2020

Based on the principles of didactics, the role of student activity and independence in the learning process is shown. The approaches are determined and the place of simulation modeling in the development and design of systems is shown. Examples of modeling systems are given. Special attention is paid to the principle of controlled independent work of the student.
Development of a Vision System for an Intelligent Robotic Hand Prosthesis Using Neural Network Technology
Authors: Boshlyakov Andrew A. , Ermakov Alexander S.
Published: December 2020

A brief review of the existing auxiliary prosthetic control systems was carried out. The concept of an intelligent prosthesis is proposed, which will expand the possibilities of application and simplify the use of the prosthesis. The required actions of the vision system in automatic and manual capture modes are considered. The sequence of operation of the subsystems of the technical vision system is determined. The possibility of implementing a prosthesis vision system based on neural network technology is shown. The method of using a ready-made neural network for recognition of objects by a prosthesis is considered. The possibilities of using the considered neural network technologies in the mathematical education of engineers are presented. A version of the prosthesis design is proposed. The possibility of constructing the described prosthesis is shown.
Development of a Navigation System for an Educational Mobile Robot
Authors: Boshlyakov Andrew A. , Maltsev Alexander V.
Published: December 2020

The process of developing a navigation system for an educational mobile robot is considered. The analysis of the existing navigation systems of mobile robots is carried out, the hardware of the navigation systems is presented, their advantages and disadvantages are shown. A diagram of the interaction of on-board subsystems during the autonomous movement of a mobile robot is presented. The design of the basic chassis of the educational mobile robot and its technical characteristics are described. A block diagram of the interaction of ROS packages (robotic operating system) for creating a terrain map using a laser ranger is developed, as well as a block diagram of the interaction of ROS packages for the an educational mobile robot tracing. Considering the studies, conclusions are drawn on the applicability of the proposed implementation of a laser ranger based navigation system for an educational mobile robot.
Use of CAD Systems in the Training of Specialists in Analogue Circuitry
Authors: Khokhlov Valery K. , Gonobina Marina V. , Likhoedenko Konstsntin P. , Glazkov Vitaliy V.
Published: December 2020

Training of specialists in the field of analogue circuitry requires to study modern software that facilitates and accelerates the development of electronic devices. In this paper, we analyse the current CAD systems, which may be used in teaching analogue circuitry. We propose the approach of using CAD systems in all kinds of classroom activities. This approach is shown by the example of learning active analogue filters.
Professional Education of People with Disabilities in a Digital Environment
Authors: Stanevskiy Alexander G. , Khrapylina Lyubov P.
Published: December 2020

The article informs the conceptual approaches to the professional education of people with disabilities in the digital environment and the experience of their practical implementation in high school technical education on the example of people with hearing impairments. The characteristic of individual technologies using which a digital environment is created, focused on such students is given. The technological and organizational basis for the inclusion of persons with disabilities in the educational process in the designated environment is presented, taking into account the specifics of the educational and rehabilitation needs of different categories of people with hearing impairments.
Engineering Educators Pedagogical Training and System of Pedagogical Education Quality Assessment Based on Multi-Criteria Approach
Authors: Mischenko Elena S. , Carlos Quadrado José
Published: December 2020

The EngineeriNg educaTors pEdagogical tRaining (ENTER) project aims at creating a novel multicultural and international approach for formal post-graduate professional and pedagogical education for engineering educators. It is focused on low cost and convenience, thus strongly based on e-learning technologies, whenever feasible, and designed with the objective of being internationally recognized and accredited. It is proposed a hierarchy of 3 structured educational programs for engineering educators, in the context of the European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning. The methodology and quality assessment system of the developed programs are based on a multi-criteria approach and provide an adequate level of engineering educators training.
Applying New Zealand’s risk tools internationally: Case studies from Samoa and Vanuatu
Authors: Scheele Finn , Simi Titimanu , Tarry Nimau Johnie , Williams Shaun , Paulik Ryan , Lin ShengLin , Ungaro Juliana , Holland Paula , Woods Richard
Published: December 2020

Decision makers require disaster risk management (DRM) tools to better prepare for and respond to emergencies, and for making sound land- use planning decisions. Risk tools need to incorporate multiple hazard and asset types, and have the versatility to adapt to local contexts. RiskScape is a natural hazards impact and loss modelling tool developed to support DRM related decision making in New Zealand. The RiskScape software has benefitted from over 10 years of research and development, and has been used for a diverse range of applications both in New Zealand and internationally. Experience and challenges in applying RiskScape beyond New Zealand are highlighted in this study through the tailoring of RiskScape for Pacific Island countries, as part of the Pacific Risk Tool for Resilience (PARTneR) project. PARTneR is a collaborative project between the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), GNS Science, the disaster management offices of Samoa and Vanuatu, and the Geoscience Division of the Pacific Community. RiskScape is applied through three demonstration case studies for each country, focused on prominent natural hazards.
Tsunami Evacuation Routes Optimization using Genetic Algorithms: A Case Study in Palu
Authors: Anshori Yusuf , Shinta Angreni Dwi , Ramadhani Arifin Suci
Published: December 2020

Palu area and its surroundings, besides being very prone to earthquakes, are also prone to tsunamis. A devastating earthquake occurred On September 28, 2018, followed by a destructive and deadly tsunami that struck Palu Bay. This makes the need for proper planning in overcoming the tsunami disaster. One of them is by showing the evacuation route for people in tsunami-prone areas. This study aims to show the best route to the safe point of the tsunami using Genetic Algorithm. The results of the studies show that the best route for tsunami evacuations can be provided best depend on the available of the safe points. Some clusters, namely 9, 10, and 12 have few safe points, limiting people to access a safe location from the tsunami.
Geo-disasters induced by the recent earthquakes in Japan and Indonesia
Authors: Miyajima Masakatsu , Serikawa Yuko , Setiawan Hendra
Published: December 2020

This paper is focusing on the geo-disasters induced by the 2018 Hokkaido Iburi-tobu earthquake in Japan and the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake in Indonesia. The Hokkaido Iburi-tobu earthquake occurred at east of Iburi region in Hokkaido, Japan on September 6th, 2018. Tremendous number of landslides occurred in the mountain areas at Iburi region. Uplift and sinking of road and inclination of houses were caused by liquefaction in the south eastern part of Sapporo city. The Sulawesi earthquake happened at Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia on September 28th 2018. The ground displacement triggered by the fault movement caused damage to roads and houses. The large scale ground flows induced by liquefaction occurred in some different sites. This paper reviews the damage induced by the geo-disasters and considers the lessoned learnt from the damaging earthquakes happened in 2018.
The Effect of Activator to Binder Ratio on the Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar in Sulphate Environment
Authors: Arham Adam Andi , Amalia Namira Suci , PN Siregar Atur , Mustofa
Published: December 2020

One of the significant characteristic material needed to consider is durability. Sulphate ion contained in soil is one of aggressive agents that could cause degradation of concrete members which led to loss of compressive strength. The current research is to elaborate the effect of activator to binder ratio on the compressive strength of the fly ash based geopolymer mortar in the sulphate environment. Two different types of geopolymer mortar were casted i. e. mortar made of 100% fly ash and mortar contained 95% fly ash + 5% slaked lime. The fly ash used in this research is classified as F fly ash from the Mpanau power plant the variation of activator to binder ratio of 0. 40; 0. 50; and 0. 60, and water/solid ratio variations of 0. 32, 0. 34 and 0. 36. The composition of sulfuric acid was by 5% of the sample volume. Geopolymers mortar compressive strength test is conducted on the immersed samples in a solution of 5% sulfuric acid with age of 0, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 days, respectively. The compressive strength test results showed that the highest compressive strength of geopolymers mortar (resistant to sulfuric acid attack) was geopolymers mortar made from fly ash with activator to binder ratio 0. 60, water / solid ratio 0. 32, and percentage of lime to binder 5% at the age of 84 days.
Automatic dual-axis solar tracker system design
Authors: Amin Nurhani , Kali Agustinus , Muchsin  , Syam Firman
Published: December 2020

Sunlight is one of the energy that can be used to generate electricity. Converting solar energy into electrical energy required a device called Photo-Voltaic (PV). However, output of PV hardly depends on the position of PV to the sun. The maximum PV output will reach when the sun position perpendicular to the surface of PV. Therefore, the device that can track the position of PV is needed. The aim of this research is to design a track solar system using Arduino and LDR sensor to follow the sun movement. This method will be applied to a 80 Wp solar panel. The output of the tracker solar system was compared to the fixed PV. The result shows that the output voltage of the tracker solar system reached 18. 81 V that was higher than the fixed PV about 18,56 V and the output current of the tracker solar system reached 4,27 A that was higher than the fixed PV about 4,19 A.
A real time non-invasive cholesterol monitoring system
Authors: Umar Usman , Syarif Syafruddin , Nurtanio Ingrid , Indrabayu
Published: December 2020

Hypercholesterolemia causes cardiovascular disease which is a disorder of the heart and blood vessels, one of the most significant causes of death in the world, and this needs to be anticipated by monitoring blood cholesterol levels regularly. The current method of monitoring blood cholesterol levels is using invasive technique by collecting blood samples. A simple device is needed to measure blood cholesterol levels that can be done without collecting blood samples. This study aims to develop a non- invasive technique for monitoring blood cholesterol levels using sensors utilizing infrared light absorption in body tissues, in order to simplify measuring blood cholesterol levels regularly for patients with hypercholesterolemia. The application of a non-invasive technique focused on developing a total blood cholesterol monitoring device using an infrared sensor with IR LED - 940nm wavelength as a transmitter. A photodiode was used as a detector with the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm and a microcontroller as the minimum system for controlling the value of the output voltage in the form of digital data and then converted onto total blood cholesterol. The measurement results using non-invasive technique was compared to the results using invasive technique.
Sénothérapies
Authors: Veret Damien , Brondello Jean-Marc
Published: December 2020

Bien que la sénescence cellulaire joue un rôle essentiel dans le développent embryonnaire, la cicatrisation ou l’hémostase, il est maintenant également démontré qu’elle est à l’origine de nombreux processus dégénératifs qui caractérisent le vieillissement. Cette sénescence est induite en réponse à divers stress ou stimulus inappropriés, conduisant à un arrêt de la prolifération et des adaptations géniques, épigénétiques, métaboliques, structurelles et fonctionnelles. Ces cellules sénescentes, lorsqu’elles ne sont pas éliminées, favorisent la propagation de leur phénotype de proche en proche dans le tissu environnant, par l’établissement d’un profil sécrétoire spécifique. Éliminer ou bloquer l’action de ces cellules par des agents dits sénothérapeutiques pourrait prévenir la dégénérescence tissulaire et améliorer la longévité en bonne santé. Nous nous proposons dans cette revue de présenter les dernières avancées et applications développées en sénothérapie et discuterons les résultats très prometteurs des premiers essais cliniques chez l’homme.
Cause commune et mécanisme commun aux maladies du vieillissement ?
Authors: Combes Guillaume F. , Pellay François-Xavier , Radman Miroslav
Published: December 2020

La santé est l’harmonie, le vieillissement et ses maladies la dysharmonie fonctionnelle aux niveaux moléculaire, cellulaire et tissulaire. Nos observations semblent suggérer une cause commune et un mécanisme commun du vieillissement et de ses nombreuses et diverses maladies. Cette cause commune est le dommage oxydatif de protéines particulières, résultant à la fois de leur mauvais repliement et du stress oxydatif. La cause commune va de pair avec l’horloge biologique des diverses maladies du vieillissement, dont l’incidence augmente exponentiellement avec l’âge, responsables de 90 % de la mortalité humaine. Des interventions pharmacologiques sur la cause commune pourraient éviter et atténuer simultanément toutes les maladies dégénératives et malignes, comme c’est le cas naturellement chez les super-centenaires.
Inhibition des caspases
Authors: Jacotot Étienne
Published: December 2020

Les caspases sont une famille de cystéines protéases bien connues pour leurs rôles centraux au cours de l’apoptose et de l’inflammation. Elles interviennent aussi dans des voies de mort cellulaire régulées non-apoptotiques, et contribuent à de très nombreux mécanismes physiologiques. Le développement d’approches thérapeutiques ciblant les caspases a engendré un fort intérêt industriel dès les années 1990, suscitant d’intenses recherches sur les mécanismes biologiques, et conduisant à la mise au point de nombreux inhibiteurs synthétiques. La plupart de ces inhibiteurs sont des dérivés de peptides, ou mimétiques, capables d’interagir avec le site actif des caspases. Cependant, la conservation structurelle observée entre les différentes caspases est un défi pour le développement d’inhibiteurs sélectifs. À ce jour, cinq inhibiteurs de caspases ont été évalués pour leur efficacité clinique, mais aucune autorisation de mise sur le marché n’a été délivrée à ce jour. Contrairement aux présomptions initiales, les inhibiteurs sélectifs de la Caspase-3 n’ont pas atteint le stade d’essais cliniques, alors que le QPI-1007, un siARN dirigé contre la Caspase-2, a fait l’objet d’une étude clinique de phase III pour le traitement de neuropathies optiques ischémiques.
Vieillissement et intégrité de la peau
Authors: Rorteau Julie , Chevalier Fabien P. , Fromy Bérengère , Lamartine Jérôme
Published: December 2020

La peau est un organe sentinelle, soumis au vieillissement chronologique et environnemental qui fragilise sa structure et ses fonctions. La fonction barrière de la peau, ses propriétés élastiques et de résistance, ainsi que sa réactivité vasculaire sont atteintes par le vieillissement dans les compartiments épidermiques, dermiques et vasculaires. Les progrès de la recherche ont permis de révéler des processus biologiques sous-jacents, qui peuvent être ciblés par des approches médicamenteuses topiques ou globales à base notamment d’anti-oxydants ou de sénolytiques. Ces stratégies anti-âge pourront contribuer à restaurer, au moins en partie, l’intégrité fonctionnelle de la peau âgée.
Les horloges de la longévité
Authors: Cherfils-Vicini Julien , Gilson Éric
Published: December 2020

Le vieillissement est une altération de nos capacités physiologiques qui s’accompagne d’une susceptibilité accrue à un grand nombre de maladies et qui détermine en grande partie notre longévité. Cependant, son étiologie reste encore mal comprise. Nous discutons ici l’hypothèse que le raccourcissement des télomères, programmé pour débuter en fin d’embryogenèse dans de nombreux tissus, couple développement et vieillissement. Il existe en effet de nombreuses indications que des variations de la structure des télomères régulent dans le temps un ensemble interconnecté de processus essentiels à la maintenance somatique du génome, de l’épigénome, du métabolisme, du rythme circadien et de l’immunité.
Gebärden in inklusiven Kitas – erste Ergebnisse einer Langzeitstudie
Authors: Schüler Maren , Stroh Anna-Lena , Hänel-Faulhaber Barbara
Published: December 2020

Hintergrund Um den heterogenen kommunikativen Bedürfnissen gerecht zu werden, wurde in inklusiven Kitas Kommunikation mit Gebärden eingeführt. Diese Studie untersucht erstmals in dieser natürlichen Lernumgebung, ob Kinder unterschiedlichen Alters und mit unterschiedlichen Sprachentwicklungsständen Gebärden durch Modeling erwerben.

Methode Mit Fragebögen wurden Daten von 289 Kindern vor der Implementierung sowie 6 Monate später erhoben.

Ergebnisse Nach 6 Monaten zeigte sich ein signifikanter Aufbau des aktiven Gebärdenwortschatzes. Signifikante Effekte auf dessen Größe ergaben sich für die Faktoren Sprachentwicklungsstand und Stärke der Implementierung. Ein signifikanter Effekt des Alters konnte nicht beobachtet werden.

Diskussion Kinder unterschiedlichen Alters und mit unterschiedlichen expressiven sprachlichen Fähigkeiten erwerben durch Modeling in inklusiven Kitas Gebärden. Dabei sind Kinder, die in der Sprachentwicklung weiter vorangeschritten sind, leicht im Vorteil.
Gicht – auch eine Frage des Lebensstiles
Authors: Reuss-Borst Monika
Published: December 2020

Mit steigenden Harnsäurewerten steigt das Risiko einer Gicht. Da die Harnsäure-Homöostase von zahlreichen Lebensstilfaktoren beeinflusst wird, ist das Auftreten einer Gicht fast immer auch mit der Lebensweise assoziiert. Lange schon ist bekannt, dass die Zufuhr purinreicher Lebensmittel (z. B. Fleisch, Meeresfrüchte) über vermehrte Harnsäurebildung aus exogen zugeführten Purinen zu Gichtanfällen führen kann. Auch Fruktose-haltige Getränke haben über einen vermehrten Abbau von ATP bei der Verstoffwechslung von Fruktose eine Hyperurikämie zur Folge, wogegen bei vermehrter Alkoholzufuhr und Adipositas eine verminderte renale Harnsäureausscheidung für die Hyperurikämie ursächlich ist. Einige Lebensmittel (z. B. Milch, Kaffee) scheinen einen harnsäuresenkenden Effekt zu haben und können Patienten explizit empfohlen werden. Mit Blick auf den Lebensstil spielen jedoch nicht nur Ernährungsfaktoren (Lebensmittel) eine wichtige Rolle. So kommt es beim aktuell sehr populären Heilfasten durch die entstehende Ketose und häufig gleichzeitig zu geringer Flüssigkeitszufuhr zu einer verminderten Harnsäureausscheidung über die Niere und konsekutiv Harnsäureanstieg. Auch Extremsport wie Marathon stellt aufgrund der katabolen Stoffwechsellage (Ketose) und hohen mechanischen Belastung (Mikrotraumata) bereits arthrotisch vorgeschädigter Gelenke einen Risikofaktor für das gehäufte Auftreten von Gichtanfällen dar. Patienten mit einer Hyperurikämie sollten als Basismaßnahme immer über eine mögliche Ernährungsumstellung beraten werden, zumal die Hyperurikämie eng mit dem metabolischen Syndrom assoziiert ist, häufigen Stoffwechselkrankheiten wie Diabetes mellitus, Hyperlipidämien und Adipositas, die ebenfalls durch eine Lebensstilmodifikation günstig zu beeinflussen sind. Eine manifeste (langjährige) Gicht kann allerdings durch eine alleinige Ernährungsumstellung nur selten erfolgreich behandelt werden. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Lebensstil und Gicht ist seit Jahrhunderten bekannt. Leider beschränken sich die wenigen Studien zu diesem Thema meist auf epidemiologische Erhebungen, über die in dieser Arbeit eine Übersicht gegeben werden soll.
Notwendigkeit der Verankerung der Physikalischen und
Rehabilitativen Medizin an Universitäten – ein
Positionspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Physikalische
und Rehabilitative Medizin (DGPRM)
Authors: Gutenbrunner Christoph , Egen Christoph , Glaesener Jean Jacques , Lange Uwe , Liebl Max Emanuel , Reißhauer Anett , Schwarzkopf Susanne , Steinmetz Anke , Lemhöfer Christina , Sturm Christian , Weigl Martin , Best Norman , Krischak Gert
Published: December 2020

Nach Daten der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) nimmt die Zahl
der Menschen mit Bedarf an rehabilitativer Versorgung
weltweit kontinuierlich zu. Die Physikalische und
Rehabilitative Medizin (PRM) ist national und international
ein eigenständiges ärztliches Fachgebiet und
wissenschaftliches Forschungsfeld, das in Deutschland
derzeit lediglich durch 3 universitäre Professuren bzw.
Lehrstühle für PRM an staatlichen Universitäten verankert
ist. Die Notwendigkeit einer entsprechenden universitären
Verankerung wird durch eine Reihe von Argumenten gestützt:

▪ Die Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin (PRM) ist als
eigenständiges ärztliches Fachgebiet seit 1996 fest in der
(Muster-)Weiterbildungsordnung der Bundesärztekammer als
Facharztgruppe verankert.

▪ Die PRM ist ein definiertes Forschungsfeld bzw.
Wissenschaftsgebiet und umfasst die Bereiche biologische und
genetische Grundlagenforschung, biomedizinische und
technologische Rehabilitationsforschung, klinische
Rehabilitationsforschung, integrative
Rehabilitationsforschung und die Wissenschaften der
Funktionsfähigkeit der Person.

▪ Die PRM ist ein definierter Teil des Curriculums für das
Medizinstudium und mit dem Querschnittsbereich
„Rehabilitationsmedizin, Physikalische Medizin,
Naturheilverfahren“ in der Approbationsordnung für Ärzte
fest verankert.

Hieraus ergeben sich umfangreiche Aufgaben, von Lehrstühlen für
Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin in Forschung, Lehre
und Krankenversorgung. Wie oben gezeigt, erfüllt die PRM
alle Kriterien für ein akademisches Fachgebiet, deren
Aufgaben an den Universitäten im Folgenden skizziert werden.
Es ist auch für die Weiterentwicklung des Gesundheits- und
Sozialsystems von Bedeutung. Fußend auf diesen Aufgaben
fordert die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Physikalische und
Rehabilitative Medizin (DGPRM), dass an allen medizinischen
Fakultäten Lehrstühle oder andere unabhängige Professuren
für Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin eingerichtet
werden.
Vielschichtige Lebenswelten, komplexe Vulnerabilitäten – zur Lebens- und Arbeitssituation der Frauen am Straßenstrich im Berliner Kurfürstenkiez
Authors: Probst Ursula
Published: December 2020

Einleitung Die medialen und politischen Diskussionen über den Straßenstrich im Berliner Kurfürstenkiez und die Lebenssituationen der dort tätigen Frauen sind von Debatten um Sexarbeit und Menschenhandel geprägt. Diese Debatten polarisieren zwischen der Negation der agency bzw. Handlungsfähigkeit von Personen in der Sexarbeit als passive Opfer und einem dekontextualisierten Verständnis von agency als Wahl- bzw. Entscheidungsfreiheit. Im Anschluss an die sozialwissenschaftliche Kritik an diesen Debatten verfolgt dieser Artikel einen Ansatz, der Handlungsfähigkeit in gesellschaftlichen Strukturen verortet begreift, die individuelle Interpretationen und Möglichkeiten dieser Handlungsfähigkeit bedingen.

Forschungsziele Der Artikel thematisiert die verschiedenen sozialen Positionierungen und damit zusammenhängenden Vulnerabilitäten von Frauen am Straßenstrich im Kurfürstenkiez und analysiert darauf aufbauend deren Interpretationen und Limitationen von Handlungsfähigkeit.

Methoden Die Analyse basiert auf einer 14-monatigen ethnografischen Forschung von Juli 2017 bis August 2018, bei der u. a. teilnehmende Beobachtungen im Kurfürstenkiez sowie Gespräche und narrativ-biografischen Interviews mit 17 dort tätigen cis und trans Frauen aus Bulgarien und Ungarn durchgeführt wurden.

Ergebnisse Anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen wird aufgezeigt, dass die Frauen als Mütter, EU-Bürgerinnen, Angehörige ethnischer Minderheiten etc. verschiedene Positionen in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Strukturen und Hierarchien einnehmen, die sich mitunter gegenseitig bedingen und verschiedene Formen von Vulnerabilitäten erzeugen, die sich wiederum auf die (eigene Wahrnehmung von) Handlungsfähigkeiten auswirken.

Schlussfolgerung Der Artikel eröffnet eine Perspektive, die die Frauen im Kurfürstenkiez als grundsätzlich handlungsfähige, aber aufgrund ihrer sozialen Positionierungen in vielerlei Hinsicht vulnerable Subjekte begreift und somit eine differenzierte und kontextualisierte Analyse der Problemstellungen im Kurfürstenkiez ermöglicht. Damit wird die Komplexität der Situation am Straßenstrich sichtbar.
Kopf hoch! Mobilisationsbarrieren in der neurologischen Frührehabilitation
Authors: Mertens Johannis , von Eichborn Felix
Published: December 2020

In der modernen Medizin ist es eine Selbstverständlichkeit, dass Patienten, die in ihrer Mobilität und Motorik eingeschränkt sind, regelmäßig unter Hilfestellung in den Sitz und Stand mobilisiert werden. Dass die regelmäßige Durchführung dieser Mobilisationen dagegen keine Selbstverständlichkeit ist, mag deshalb auf den ersten Blick verwundern. Dieser Artikel geht auf die Diskrepanz zwischen Theorie und Praxis ein und beleuchtet die Vielzahl an Barrieren, die einer regelmäßigen Mobilisation im Klinikalltag oft im Wege stehen.
Spezielle Herausforderungen für Therapeuten auf der Frührehabilitation
Authors: Starrost Klaus , von Eichborn Felix
Published: December 2020

Die Arbeit als Therapeut auf der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation (NNFR) stellt besondere Ansprüche an die Kolleginnen und Kollegen der verschiedenen therapeutischen Disziplinen. Doch was macht diesen Arbeitsplatz so besonders und wie unterscheidet er sich z. B. von einem Arbeitsplatz in der weiterführenden neurologischen Rehabilitation? Ein Erklärungsversuch.
Biochemometric Analysis of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibition by Echinacea Root Extracts
Authors: Liu Rui , Burkett Kelly , Rapinski Michel , Arnason John T. , Johnson Franklin , Hintz Phil , Baker John , Harris Cory S.
Published: December 2020

Recent research demonstrates that Echinacea possesses cannabimimetic activity with potential applications beyond common contemporary uses for relief of cold and flu symptoms. In this study, we investigated the in vitro inhibitory effect of root extracts of Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea angustifolia on fatty acid amide hydrolase, the main enzyme that degrades the endocannabinoid anandamide. The objective was to relate variation in bioactivity between commercial Echinacea genotypes to their phytochemical profiles and to identify determinants of activity using biochemometric analysis. Forty root extracts of each of species were tested for inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase and analyzed by HPLC-DAD/MS to identify and quantitate alkylamides and caffeic acid derivatives. Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition ranged from 34 – 80% among E. angustifolia genotypes and from 33 – 87% among E. purpurea genotypes. Simple linear regression
revealed the caffeic acid derivatives caftaric acid and cichoric acid, and the alkylamide dodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynioc acid 2-methylbutylamide, as the strongest determinants of inhibition in E. purpurea (r* = 0.53, 0.45, and 0.20, respectively) while in E. angustifolia, only CADs were significantly associated with activity, most notably echinacoside (r* = 0.26). Regression analysis using compound groups generated by hierarchical clustering similarly indicated that caffeic acid derivatives contributed more than alkylamides to in vitro activity. Testing pure compounds identified as determinants of activity revealed cichoric acid (IC50 = 45 ± 4 µM) and dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (IC50 = 54 ± 2 µM) as the most active. The results suggest that several phytochemicals may contribute to Echinaceaʼs cannabimimetic activity and that ample variation in genotypes exists for
selection of high-activity germplasm in breeding programs.
Training Load and Injury Risk in Elite Rugby Union: The Largest Investigation to Date
Authors: West Stephen W. , Williams Sean , Cazzola Dario , Kemp Simon , Cross Matthew J. , Stokes Keith A.
Published: December 2020

Training load monitoring has grown in recent years with the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) widely used to aggregate data to inform decision-making on injury risk. Several methods have been described to calculate the ACWR and numerous methodological issues have been raised. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the ACWR and injury in a sample of 696 players from 13 professional rugby clubs over two seasons for 1718 injuries of all types and a further analysis of 383 soft tissue injuries specifically. Of the 192 comparisons undertaken for both injury groups, 40% (all injury) and 31% (soft tissue injury) were significant. Furthermore, there appeared to be no calculation method that consistently demonstrated a relationship with injury. Some calculation methods supported previous work for a “sweet spot” in injury risk, while a substantial number of methods displayed no such relationship. This study is the largest to date to have investigated the relationship between the ACWR and injury risk and demonstrates that there appears to be no consistent association between the two. This suggests that alternative methods of training load aggregation may provide more useful information, but these should be considered in the wider context of other established risk factors.
Dose-Corrected Serum Concentrations and Metabolite to Parent Compound Ratios of Venlafaxine and Risperidone from Childhood to Old Age
Authors: Fekete Stefanie , Scherf-Clavel Maike , Unterecker Stefan , Egberts Karin , Gerlach Manfred , Romanos Marcel , Kittel-Schneider Sarah
Published: December 2020

Objective Comparative pharmacokinetic data about the antidepressant venlafaxine (VEN) and the antipsychotic drug risperidone (RIS) over the lifespan and especially in children and adolescents is lacking. This is the first cross-sectional study that aimed to investigate differences in dose-corrected serum concentrations (CDs) and metabolite to parent compound ratios (MPRs) of VEN and RIS across the lifespan.

Methods Patients treated with VEN and RIS at the University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany were included in the study. Serum level determinations were performed during clinical routine care. Patients with CYP2D6 influencing co-medication were excluded from analyses.

Results In 953 patients (12–93 years) treated with VEN and 552 patients (7–92 years) treated with RIS, children/adolescents (<18 years) showed 11% and 19%, and 44% and 42% lower CDs of the active moieties (CDsAM) of VEN and RIS than adults and elderly (≥60 years) (Kruskal-Wallis tests; p ≤ 0.001). However, when CDs were normalized to body weight, a different pattern emerged. Gender differences, with higher CDsAM in females were present in adults and elderlies but not in children/adolescents. No gender- or age-dependent difference in MPRs was found; however, 80% of MPRs of RIS in children/adolescents were below the range of “normal” CYP2D6 function for adults.

Conclusions We suggest a higher clearance as a reason for lower CDsAM of VEN and RIS in children/adolescents compared to adults/elderlies. Metabolism of VEN or RIS by CYP2D6, characterized by MPRs, was not associated with age. However, MPRs of RIS were lower in children/adolescents, possibly due to a higher renal clearance of 9-OH-risperidone.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Synovial Neopterin, TNF-α and Presepsin in Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Prospective Study
Authors: Busch André , Jäger Marcus , Engler Harald , Wasssenaar Dennis , Bielefeld Charlotte , Wegner Alexander
Published: December 2020

Background Due to the lack of specificity of conventional diagnostic tools, the prediction of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of synovial fluid neopterin, presepsin, and TNF-α as diagnostic parameters and to compare it to the biomarkers recommended in the 2018 definition of periprosthetic hip and knee infection.

Methods Between August 2018 and July 2019, a prospective cohort study was conducted in 80 patients with painful hip, shoulder, and knee arthroplasty. In addition to medical history, clinical and laboratory data were gathered. PJI was diagnosed based on the 2018 definition of periprosthetic hip and knee infection. Synovial joint fluid was analyzed for biomarker measurement using standard quantitative enzyme immunoassay kits.

Results Fifty-three patients (66%) were classified as the aseptic group and twenty-seven patients (34%) as the PJI group. The mean levels of synovial fluid neopterin were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the PJI group than those in the aseptic group (aseptic 8.3 ± 6.9 vs. PJI 20.9 ± 21.4 nmol/L). The average values of synovial fluid TNF-α and presepsin were not significantly higher in the PJI group than those in the aseptic group (presepsin: aseptic 0.13 ± 0.19 vs. PJI 0.11 ± 0.32 ng/mL, p = 0.08; TNF-α: aseptic 6.6 ± 7.3 vs. PJI 46.3 ± 123.2 pg/mL, p = 0.17). Synovial fluid neopterin was 59% specific and 74% sensitive with a cut-off value of 7.2 nmol/L. The sensitivity and specificity of synovial fluid TNF-α were 63 and 51% with a cut-off value of 3.9 pg/mL. Synovial fluid presepsin was 51% specific and 29% sensitive with a cut-off value above 0.06 ng/mL.

Conclusion Synovial fluid neopterin appears to a reliable diagnostic marker for detection of PJI. In contrast, synovial fluid TNF-α and presepsin are not suitable to exclude or diagnose PJI.
The History of Psychedelics in Psychiatry
Authors: Nichols David E. , Walter Hannes
Published: December 2020

Initial interest in the value of psychedelic drugs (“psychotomimetics”) in psychiatry began in the early 20th century, with explorations of the possibility that mescaline or peyote could produce psychosis-like effects. Over time, interest was focused on whether the effects of psychedelics could inform as to the underlying basis for psychiatric disorders. As research continued, and especially after the discovery of LSD in 1943, increasing interest in a role for psychedelics as adjuncts to psychotherapy began to evolve and became the major focus of work with psychedelics up to the present day.
Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Diverticular Disease
Authors: Talutis Stephanie D. , Kuhnen F Angela H.
Published: December 2020

Diverticular disease exists on a spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic diverticulosis to complicated diverticulitis. Incidence of diverticulitis in western nations has increased in recent years, although the factors that influence the progression from diverticulosis to diverticulitis are unknown. Geographic/environmental influences, lifestyle variables, and microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract are some of the factors implicated in diverticular disease.
“The Dichotic Digit Test” as an Index Indicator for Hearing Problem in Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Utoomprurkporn Nattawan , Hardy Chris J.D. , Stott Joshua , Costafreda Sergi G. , Warren Jason , Bamiou Doris Eva
Published: December 2020

Abstract Background Patients with dementia commonly have problems processing speech in the presence of competing background speech or noise. This difficulty can be present from the very early stages of dementia, and may be a preclinical feature of Alzheimer's
disease. Purpose This study investigates whether people with dementia perform worse on the dichotic digit test (DDT), an experimental probe of speech processing in the presence of competing speech, and whether test performance may predict dementia onset. Research Design Systematic
review and meta-analysis. Data Collection and Analysis A literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Psycinfo. We included (1) studies that included people with a diagnosis of dementia and a healthy control group with no cognitive impairment; (2) studies
that reported results from a DDT in a free-recall response task; and (3) studies that had the dichotic digit mean correct percentage score or right-ear advantage, as outcome measurements. Results People with dementia had a lower DDT total score, with a pooled mean difference
of 18.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.2‐15.9). Patients with dementia had an increased right-ear advantage relative to controls with a pooled difference of 24.4% (95% CI: 21.8‐27.0). Conclusion The DDT total scores are lower and the right-ear advantage increased
in cognitively impaired versus normal control participants. The findings also suggest that the reduction of dichotic digit total score and increase of right-ear advantage progress as cognitive impairment increases. Whether abnormalities in dichotic digit scores could predict subsequent dementia
onset should be examined in further longitudinal studies.