PROFIL FAKTOR KEPRIBADIAN MALADAPTIF PADA DEWASA AWAL: STUDI DESKRIPTIF
Authors: Santosa Ray Caesarly , Koesma Rismiyati E. , Zamralita Zamralita 
Published: December 2020

Personality disorder is an incapacitating mental illness that leads the individual to some negative consequences, often deadly. However, to date, no studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of personality disorders in Indonesia.  This could happen due to the fact that personality disorders often co-morbid with other mental disorders making them difficult to detect. According to Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), personality disorders can be diagnosed by the presence of maladaptive personality factors in oneself. There are five maladaptive personality factors according to the model: Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibition, Antagonism, and Psychoticism. Therefore, this study aims to get an overview of the maladaptive personality factors and describe the maladaptive personality characteristics in order to detect the symptoms of personality disorders in community sample. Through survey and descriptive analysis of 608 emerging adults (M age= 19.66 y.o, SD = 1.895), the study found that 1.2% are classified in High Personality Dysfunction category and 38.8% of the participants are classified in Low Personality Dysfunction category. The results showed that Negative Affectivity factor has the highest score for each group of the participants. In addition, the study also found the largest characteristic difference between groups of participants lies in the Psychoticism and Detachment factors. The study concludes by providing some avenues for further research and suggestions for mental health practitioners, and society in general.  Gangguan kepribadian adalah gangguan mental serius dan dapat menyebabkan beberapa konsekuensi negatif pada penderitanya, termasuk kematian. Namun, hingga saat ini belum ditemukan studi mengenai prevalensi gangguan kepribadian di Indonesia. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena gangguan kepribadian seringkali bersanding dengan gangguan mental lain sehingga sulit terdeteksi. Menurut model alternatif untuk gangguan kepribadian (AMPD), gangguan kepribadian dapat dideteksi dengan keberadaan faktor kepribadian maladaptif dalam diri seseorang. Berdasarkan pendekatan AMPD, terdapat lima faktor kepribadian maladaptif, yaitu Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibiton, Antagonism, dan Psychoticism. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran atau profil kelima faktor kepribadian maladaptif guna memindai gejala gangguan kepribadian pada sampel dan gambaran karakteristik masyarakat secara umum. Melalui survei dan analisis deskriptif terhadap 608 orang dewasa awal (Musia = 19.66 tahun, SD = 1.895), ditemukan partisipan dengan tingkat disfungsi kepribadian tinggi sebesar 1.2% dan partisipan dengan tingkat disfungsi kepribadian rendah sebesar 38.8%. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor negative affectivity adalah faktor yang paling besar dimiliki oleh tiap-tiap kelompok partisipan. Selain itu, perbedaan karakteristik paling besar antar kelompok partisipan terletak pada faktor psychoticism dan detachment. Studi disimpulkan dengan memberikan beberapa usulan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut, psikoterapis, dan masyarakat secara umum.