bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Feasibility of Isolated Bowman Layer Graft Preparation by Femtosecond Laser: A Pilot Study
Authors: Parker Jack S. , Huls Forest , Cooper Elizabeth , Graves Paul , Groeneveld-van Beek Esther A. , Lie Jessica , Melles Gerrit R.J.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the technical feasibility of isolated Bowman layer (BL) graft preparation by femtosecond laser (FSL) and to compare the ultrastructural morphology to manually dissected grafts.

Methods

Five whole globes were placed in custom-made eye holders and debrided of epithelium. After programming a dissection depth of 20 μm, the FSL was docked into position and 5 isolated BL grafts were created. From 5 additional globes, corneoscleral buttons were procured, mounted in artificial anterior chambers, and stripped of BL via the previously described manual technique. Three specimens from both series were randomly selected and assigned to transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural evaluation and thickness measurements.

Results

All dissections were uneventful and 10 total grafts were produced: 5 by FSL and 5 by manual dissection. Mean graft thickness was 37 (±8.6) μm (n = 3) for the FSL group and 11.7 (±1.6) μm (n = 3) for the manually dissected group. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a thick but relatively smooth posterior cut edge in the FSL group, versus a virtually isolated BL with irregular rests of dispersed stroma in the manually dissected group.

Conclusions

Femtosecond laser may have potential for harvesting intact BL and with a smooth posterior surface, but accompanied by variable amounts of anterior stroma owing to technical limitations.
Comparative in Vivo Analysis of the Role of the Adventitia and the Endothelium on Arterial Mechanical Function: Relevance for Aortic Counterpulsation
Authors: Bia Daniel , Zócalo Yanina , Wray Sandra , Cabrera-Fischer Edmundo I.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The comparative effect of the intimal and adventitial layers on arterial biomechanics control, in basal and altered conditions, remains to be elucidated. This study aimed ( 1 ) to characterize the arterial conduit (CF) and buffering (distensibility) function of the iliac arteries in in vivo animals, in which the intimal and adventitial layers were removed; ( 2 ) to determine the effects of intra-aortic ballon pumping (IABP) on simultaneously de-adventitialized (DA) and de-endothelialized (DE) iliac arteries before and after induced heart failure.

Methods

Pressure and diameter signals were measured in the iliac arteries of sheep (n = 7) in which the adventitial and intima layer were removed. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) assistance was used in a control state and after heart failure induction.

Results

Both DE and DA determined significant changes in arterial diameter, distensibility and CF. Changes were higher after DA than after DE in terms of distensibility and CF (p<0.05). DA followed by DE (DA + DE) showed significant increases in arterial diameter and CF, accompanied by a decrease in distensibility (p<0.05) with respect to intact arteries. Heart failure induction caused significant hemodynamic changes without modifying the already impaired local biomechanical parameters. Nonsignificant improvements in the biomechanical parameters of DA+ DE iliac arteries were observed during IABP before and after heart failure induction.

Conclusions

Biomechanical changes caused by DA of iliac arteries were more important than those observed after DE. The DA + DE arteries showed significant differences with respect to intact arteries and with DA or DE arteries. IABP-related effects on arterial mechanics were absent in DA+ DE arteries.
Isolation, Characterization and Cold Storage of Cells Isolated from Diseased Explanted Livers
Authors: Belaschk Elisa , Rohn Susanne , Mukiibi Ramla , Reutzel-Selke Anja , Tang Peter , Sawitzki Birgit , Pratschke Johann , Sauer Igor M. , Mogl Martina T.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Livers discarded after standard organ retrieval are commonly used as a cell source for hepatocyte transplantation. Due to the scarcity of organ donors, this leads to a shortage of suitable cells for transplantation. Here, the isolation of liver cells from diseased livers removed during liver transplantation is studied and compared to the isolation of cells from liver specimens obtained during partial liver resection.

Methods

Hepatocytes from 20 diseased explanted livers (Ex-group) were isolated, cultured and stored at 4°C for up to 48 hours, and compared to hepatocytes isolated from the normal liver tissue of 14 liver lobe resections (Rx-group). The nonparenchymal cell fraction (NPC) was analyzed by flow cytometry to identify potential liver progenitor cells, and OptiPrep™ (Sigma-Aldrich) density gradient centrifugation was used to enrich the progenitor cells for immediate transplantation.

Results

There were no differences in viability, cell integrity and metabolic activity in cell culture and survival after cold storage when comparing the hepatocytes from the Rx-group and the Ex-group. In some cases, the latter group showed tendencies of increased resistance to isolation and storage procedures. The NPC of the Ex-group livers contained considerably more EpCAM+ and significantly more CD90+ cells than the Rx-group. Progenitor cell enrichment was not sufficient for clinical application.

Conclusions

Hepatocytes isolated from diseased explanted livers showed the essential characteristics of being adequate for cell transplantation. Increased numbers of liver progenitor cells can be isolated from diseased explanted livers. These results support the feasibility of using diseased explanted livers as a cell source for liver cell transplantation.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Forty-year Anniversary
Authors: Ronco Claudio
Published: June 2017

In 1977 Peter Kramer performed the first CAVH (continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration) treatment in Gottingen, Germany. CAVH soon became a reliable alternative to hemo- or peritoneal dialysis in critically ill patients. The limitations of CAVH spurred new research and the discovery of new treatments such as CVVH and CVVHD (continuous veno-venous hemofiltration and continuous veno-venous hemodialysis). The alliance with industry led to development of new specialized equipment with improved accuracy and performance in delivering continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs). Machines and filters have progressively undergone a series of technological steps, reaching a high level of sophistication. The evolution of technology has continued, leading to the development and clinical application of new membranes, new techniques and new treatment modalities. With the progress of technology, the entire field of critical care nephrology moved forward, expanding the areas of application of extracorporeal therapies to cardiac, liver and pulmonary support. A great deal of research made extracorporeal therapies an interesting option for the treatment of sepsis and intoxication and the additional use of sorbents was explored. With the progress in understanding the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI), new guidelines were developed, driving indications, modalities of prescription, monitoring techniques and quality assurance programs. Information technology and precision medicine have recently contributed to further evolution of CRRT, with the possibility of collecting data in large databases and evaluating policies and practice patterns. This is likely to ultimately result in improved patient care. CRRTs are 40 years old today, but they are still young and full of potential for further evolution.
Reference Limits for Chromogranin A, CYFRA 21-1, CA 125, CA 19-9 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mikkelsen Gustav , Åsberg Arne , Hultström Maria E. , Aasarød Knut , Hov Gunhild G.
Published: June 2017

Background

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have increased plasma concentrations of some tumor markers even when no cancer is present. Previous studies have indicated that plasma concentrations of chromogranin A (CGA), cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are higher in patients with CKD but without cancer, than in healthy individuals, and this can make interpretation of results more complicated. The aim of this study was to establish reference limits for these markers in patients with CKD not receiving dialysis and with no clinical evidence of cancer.

Methods

We measured plasma concentrations in samples from 131 patients with CKD due to various etiologies and studied the association of tumor marker concentrations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and other patient characteristics.

Results

Estimated reference limits for plasma CA 125, CA 19-9 and CEA were approximately the same as for healthy populations. Serum concentrations of CGA and CYFRA 21-1 correlated strongly with estimated GFR, and GFR-dependent reference limits were estimated.

Conclusions

GFR-dependent reference limits for CGA and CYFRA 21-1 are reported in order to support interpretation of these markers in patients with CKD.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Li Jiangting , Peng Yufeng , Han Xueyun , Guo Shaoshuai , Liang Kunning , Zhang Minggao
Published: June 2017

Background

Sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), as one of the derivatives of chlorophyll – with its inherent green features; good stability for heat, light, acids and alkalies; unique antimicrobial capability; and particular deodorization performance – is widely applied in some fields such as the food industry, medicine and health care, daily cosmetic industry etc. SCC, as one of the metal porphyrins, has attracted much attention because of its unique electronic band structure and photon conversion performance. To promote the application of SCC in materials science; energy research and photonics, such as fast optical communications; and its use in nonlinear optical materials, solar photovoltaic cells, all-optical switches, optical limiters and saturable absorbers, great efforts should be dedicated to studying its nonlinear optical (NLO) properties.

Methods

In this study, the absorption spectra and NLO properties of SCC in aqueous solution at different concentrations were measured. The Z-scan technique was used to determine NLO properties.

Results

The results indicated that the absorption spectra of SCC exhibit 2 characteristic absorption peaks located at the wavelengths 405 and 630 nm, and the values of the peaks increase with increasing SCC concentration. The results also showed that SCC exhibits reverse saturation absorption and negative nonlinear refraction (self-defocusing).

Conclusions

It can be seen that SCC has good optical nonlinearity which will be convenient for applications in materials science, energy research and photonics.
Functionalized Biomimetic Calcium Phosphates for Bone Tissue Repair
Authors: Bigi Adriana , Boanini Elisa
Published: June 2017

The design and development of novel materials for biomineralized tissues is an extremely attractive field of research where calcium phosphates (CaPs)–based materials for biomedical applications play a leading role. The biological performance of these compounds can be enhanced through functionalization with biologically active ions and molecules. This review reports on some important recent achievements in creating functionalized biomimetic CaP materials for applications in the musculoskeletal field. Particular attention is focused on the modifications of these inorganic compounds with bioactive ions, growth factors and drugs, as well as on recent trends in some important CaP applications as biomaterials – namely, as bone cements, coatings of metallic implants and scaffolds for regenerative medicine.
Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices in Children with Medical Complexity: Preliminary Data from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Geremia Caterina , De Ioris Maria Antonietta , Crocoli Alessandro , Adorisio Ottavio , Scrocca Raffaella , Lombardi Mary Haywood , Staccioli Susanna , Stella Pietro , Amendola Paola , Ciliento Gaetano , De Peppo Francesco , Campana Andrea
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Children with special health-care needs are an emerging and consistent population. In a subset of children with medical complexity (CMC) a continuous access to the central vascular system is advisable to eliminate unnecessary pain and stress and to improve home management and palliative care.

Methods

The surgical registry of a tertiary hospital was checked in order to identify CMC who underwent totally implantable venous access device (VAD) placement. Medical records were reviewed.

Results

From October 2009 to August 2014, a totally implantable VAD was placed in 10 children. Seven out of 10 patients were affected by cerebral palsy while 3 presented a genetic syndrome. The median duration of the indwelling catheter was 31 months (range 5 to 77 months). Six catheters are still in place since the first placement. Infectious complications were observed in two patients, respectively, a Candida albicans and a Staphylococcus aureus colonization; in both cases the VAD was removed. In another two cases, removal was planned for reservoir dislodgment within the subcutaneous tissue. No other major complications were observed during the procedure and the follow-up period. Emergency admissions decreased from a median value of 0.4/month (range 0-1.5/month) to 0.2/month (range 0-0.6/month) after the VAD placement.

Conclusions

A totally implanted VAD in CMC is safe and manageable. As expected, infection seems to be the major complication with no infection-related death. Malnutrition and musculoskeletal deformities, which are frequent comorbidities in CMC, should be considered to reduce the risk of dislodgment/migration.
HPV-related Vulvar Diseases and Perspectives of p16INK4a Immunochemistry: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Carrone Angela , Riganelli Lucia , Savone Delia , Casorelli Assunta , Merlino Lucia , Pecorini Francesco , Pecorella Irene , Mancino Pasquale , Piccioni Maria Grazia , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Two different types of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), HPV-related and HPV-unrelated, should be considered as two separate entities with different management options. The incidence of HPV-related VIN is increasing worldwide and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Our objective is to investigate the use of p16INK4a immunostaining or p16INK4a/p53 double staining for the detection of HPV-related disease to overcome the problem that histological criteria often have significant overlap.

Methods

A systematic literature search was carried out in the online databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clincaltrials.gov and Scopus. The key search terms were HPV, VIN, p16INK4a immunochemistry and p53.

Results

We found that nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining for p16INK4a was intense and diffuse in HPV-associated lesions and weak and focal in normal vulvar epithelium, nondysplastic lesions, lichen sclerosus and keratinizing vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. p53 nuclear immunostaining was always negative in HPV-related disease.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that p16INK4a or p16INK4a/p53 immunoreactivity, along with histological diagnosis, could be a convenient means to adequately classify VIN and its connection to HPV infection. Therefore, the clear recognition of HPV-associated VIN would lead to an appropriate strategy of treatment and follow-up.
miRNA-650 exerts anti-leukemia activity by inhibiting cell proliferation through Gfi1 targeting
Authors: Yuan Changyong , Xu Liming , Du Pengcheng , Pang Jinling
Published: June 2017

Background:

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common malignancy of the bone marrow with a high mortality. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have led to the identification of various miRNAs implicated in the pathogenesis of AML. We found in this study that miR-650, a miRNA that was traditionally considered to participate in the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma, might play a significant role in AML development and progression.

Methods:

qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-650 and Gfi1 in AML patients and healthy controls. Next, a luciferase assay was conducted to verify the target effect of miR-650 on Gfi1. Moreover, the CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the effect of miR-650 on the proliferation of AML cells in the presence and absence of Gfi1.

Results:

miR-650 was downregulated in AML whereas Gfi1 was upregulated. miR-650 could negatively regulate Gfi1 via direct targeting of its 3’-UTR, which was confirmed by luciferase assay. In addition, overexpression of miR-650 reduced cell proliferation in K562 cells, whereas an increase in cell proliferation was observed when K562 cells were transfected with miR-650 inhibitor, which was compromised in response to the knockdown of Gfi1.

Conclusions:

Our research demonstrated that miR-650 modulates cell proliferation in AML through affecting the expression of Gfi1, which occurs by direct target action.
Robot-assisted nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy using near-infrared fluorescence technology and indocyanine green: initial experience
Authors: Mangano Mario S. , De Gobbi Alberto , Beniamin Francesco , Lamon Claudio , Ciaccia Matteo , Maccatrozzo Luigino
Published: June 2017

Introduction:

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a fluorescent molecule that provokes detectable photon emission. The use of ICG with near-infrared (NIR) imaging system (Akorn, Lake Forest, IL) has been described during robotic partial nephrectomy (RAPN) as an adjunctive means of identifying renal artery and parenchymal perfusion. We propose the use of the ICG with NIR fluorescence during laparoscopic robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), to identify the benchmark artery improving the preservation of neurovascular bundle and to improve the visualization of the vascularization and then the hemostasis.

Methods:

From April 2015 to February 2016, 62 patients underwent to RARP in our Urology Unit. In 26 consecutive patients, in the attempt to have a better visualization of neurovascular bundles, we used to inject ICG during the procedure. We evaluated the percentage of identification of neurovascular bundles using NIR fluorescence. Then, we evaluated complications related to injection of ICG and operative time differences between RARP with and without ICG injection performed by the same surgeons.

Results:

We identified prostatic arteries and neurovascular bundles using NIR fluorescence technology in all patients (100%). There was not any increase in the operative time compared with RARP without ICG injection performed by the same surgeons. Complications related to injection of ICG did not occurred.

Conclusions:

In our experience, even if on a limited number of patients, the application of ICG with NIR fluorescence during RARP is helpful to identify the benchmark artery of neurovascular bundle.
Dialectical Drama and the Ideal State: The Platonic Dimension of Shavian Dramaturgy and Political Theory
Authors: Yde Matthew
Published: June 2017

Shaw saw himself as a modern-day Socrates, shattering mindless conventions and ideals. But Shaw not only modeled himself on Plato's leading character; he also modeled his dramaturgy, in part, on the Platonic dialogue, and it might be said that Plato influenced his style as much as any single playwright. Indeed, Shaw signals as much in the preface to Man and Superman when he calls the dream sequence a “Shavio-Socratic dialogue.” Going further, this article contends that Plato's influence was equally powerful in the realm of political theory, and that Shaw saw the Fabians as a species of philosopher kings, such as Plato outlines in The Republic. The notion of designing an ideal society, such as Plato does in The Republic, was central to Shaw's life's work. This article argues and illustrates how Plato was perhaps the greatest single influence on Shaw's political thinking as well as on his dramaturgical strategy.
Shaw's Joan of Arc and Heaney's Antigone as Classically Modern Heroines
Authors: Ilić Biljana Vlašković
Published: June 2017

Literary critics have paid little attention to the similar artistic goals of Bernard Shaw and Seamus Heaney, who were both critical of the state of humanity. This article examines various aspects of their work, focusing specifically on the employment of the classical form in Shaw's Saint Joan and Heaney's The Burial at Thebes. Since the essential action in Greek drama relies on discourse and verbal interaction, its form appealed to both Shaw and Heaney, who are remembered today as masters of the spoken word. This article shows that their use of classical forms and themes sheds light on the power politics of their respective times. While the two plays significantly differ, one being a bona fide history play and the other an adaptation of the famous classic, their authors share a common focal point: they want to cure humanity of a disease whose main symptom is the repetition of History's mistakes.
Chronic Anterior Pelvic Instability: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Stover Michael D. , Edelstein Adam I. , Matta Joel M.
Published: June 2017

Chronic anterior pelvic ring instability can cause pain and disability. Pain typically is localized to the suprapubic area or inner thigh; often is associated with lower back or buttock pain; and may be exacerbated by activity, direct impact, or pelvic ring compression. Known etiologies of chronic anterior pelvic ring instability include pregnancy, parturition, trauma, insufficiency fractures, athletics, prior surgery, and osteitis pubis. Diagnosis often is delayed. Physical examination may reveal an antalgic or waddling gait, tenderness over the pubic bones or symphysis pubis, and pain with provocative maneuvers. AP pelvic radiographs may demonstrate chronic degenerative changes at the pubic symphysis or nonhealing fractures. Standing single leg stance (flamingo view) radiographs can demonstrate pathologic motion at the pubic symphysis. CT may be useful in assessing posterior pelvic ring involvement. The initial management is typically nonsurgical and may include the use of an orthosis, activity modification, medication, and physical therapy. If nonsurgical modalities are unsuccessful, surgery may be warranted, although little evidence exists to guide treatment. Surgical intervention may include internal fixation alone in select patients, the addition of bone graft to fixation, or symphyseal arthrodesis. In some patients, additional stabilization or arthrodesis of the posterior pelvic ring may be indicated.
Management of Lumbar Conditions in the Elite Athlete
Authors: Hsu Wellington K. , Jenkins Tyler James
Published: June 2017

Lumbar disk herniation, degenerative disk disease, and spondylolysis are the most prevalent lumbar conditions that result in missed playing time. Lumbar disk herniation has a good prognosis. After recovery from injury, professional athletes return to play 82% of the time. Surgical management of lumbar disk herniation has been shown to be a viable option in athletes in whom nonsurgical measures have failed. Degenerative disk disease is predominately genetic but may be accelerated in athletes secondary to increased physiologic loading. Nonsurgical management is the standard of care for lumbar degenerative disk disease in the elite athlete. Spondylolysis is more common in adolescent athletes with back pain than in adult athletes. Nonsurgical management of spondylolysis is typically successful. However, if surgery is required, fusion or direct pars repair can allow the patient to return to sports.
The Leveraged ETF Inefficiency in Trending & Range-Bound Markets: An Application Case Study for a 3x Leveraged Gold Miners ETF
Authors: Basdekidou Vasiliki A.
Published: June 2017

The main goal of this paper is to introduce the leveraged ETF die-down price action technical market anomaly (leveraged ETF anomaly), and then to discuss the temporal dimension and the subsequent (time-series) functionalities of this anomaly (temporal leveraged ETF anomaly). Our approach not only challenging the efficient-market hypothesis with regards to constantly declining leveraged ETF price action course, but also has a temporal dimension because it uses the Jesse Livermore’s “psychological time” as parameter in both functions: (i) “emotional control” for opening position at the beginning of an intraday or short-term move and thereafter for holding this position; and (ii) in “money risk management - exit policy” for closing position. Traditional fundamental analysis theories and technical analysis rules and approaches are not able to interpret the die-down (i.e. a constantly declining in a mid- and long-term basis) leveraged ETF price action course. Instead, a rational dynamic and temporal representative agent could explain and document better this anomaly and this is the case of this article (i.e. trading exploitation functionality). The presented research shows that the proposed temporal leveraged ETF anomaly accumulates profit entirely overnight in sideways and in choppy markets, while in a trending market the profit occurs intraday. These findings for the leveraged ETF instruments reject classical theories of trending and sideways markets returns. Hence, (i) in a sideways or in a choppy market, a well designed overnight-position return strategy based on temporal leveraged ETF anomaly; and (ii) in a trending market, a well designed daytime-position return strategy based on temporal leveraged ETF anomaly as well, could gain benefit at the expense of hedgers and long-term investors respectively. After back-testing our research in available 5-year data for the JNUG 3x leveraged ETF (gold miners juniors), we found that overnight-position speculators, in sideways or choppy markets, profit from the proposed temporal leveraged ETF trading strategy approach at the expense of hedgers; and daytime swing traders, in trending markets, profit from the proposed temporal leveraged ETF trading strategy approach at the expense of long-term investors.
2016 U.S. Presidential Election and Stock Markets in China
Authors: Hoe SingRu , Nippani Srinivas
Published: June 2017

This study seeks to address the question if the 2016 U.S. Presidential election and Mr. Donald Trump’s path to U.S. presidency affected the stock market returns in China. We do not find conclusive results from three leading stock indices of China, SHCOMP, SZCOMP, and SHSZ300. There is an immediate impact shown in SHSZ300, but not in SHCOMP and SZCOMP. We ascribe this to the impact of less sophisticated investors who dominate the stock market in China and also to that country’s censorship of the media wherein the government could effectively either block or downplay the unfavorable information.
Effect of the Asset Quality on the Bank Profitability
Authors: Kadioglu Eyup , Telceken Niyazi , Ocal Nurcan
Published: June 2017

This study investigates whether non-performing loans effect the bank’s profitability in Turkey. The study applies a panel regression method to the quarterly data set including 1809 observation belongs to 55 Banks in Turkey during the period from 1st quarter of 2005 to 3rd quarter of 2016. It is found that there is a significant, negative relationship between non-performing loans and bank profitability which is measured by return on equity and return on asset. The higher non-performing loans, the lower asset quality, leads to the lower return on equity and return on asset, and the lower non-performing loans, the higher asset quality, leads to the higher return on equity and return on asset.
The Subordination Coalition and Its Effects in the Labor Law Efficacy on the Relationship between Worker and Employer in the Jordanian Legalization
Authors: Al- Shogairat Faisal M. , Abuhilaleh Ibrahim M. , Bdour Noor T. , Krishan Asharf H.
Published: June 2017

Labor law has a significant social need that it is organized a category which could be the biggest between the society categories، and it has the obvious effect upon rules which came in most of it in the committed trait to find the minimal limit from the labor laws so it organized their relationship with employer.Thu, the worker related with employer in contractual relationship, impose controversial duties and laws upon the two parts ، and in order to be in front of contractual relationship that refer to labor law rule, it should has three conditions, which are: (work should be paid, private, and dependency). According to what subordination coalition performs of special importance that represented in the worker situation in a legal position that make him worth the legal protection, this coalition results in worker responds the orders and directions from employers، the employers right in administration and supervising، and the need of worker to respect this right, and what spots the practical execution for the work contract from the worker failure in doing his duties an entering the punishments taboos, and appears a type of works that weak with it the supervising that worker receive it from the employer, in addition to the role of subordination coalition in discrimination the work contract from others similar contracts. This element has been searched and what could be results from it as legal and practical difficulties that imposed legal situations which reflect on worker stabilization in his work.The ultimate goal of this research is in the investigation the extent of the subordination condition importance in the work relation and its role in implantation the Jordanian labor law rules on that relation.
Como médicos tornaram-se deuses: reflexões acerca do poder médico na atualidade
Authors: Lovatto Ribeiro Andrea Cristina , Ferla Alcindo Antônio
Published: June 2017

A concepção atual de saúde refere-se a um conceito mais amplo de condições do que a ausência de doença. Esse conceito destaca a importância de um cuidado em saúde que possa levar em consideração não apenas os sintomas apresentados pelas pessoas. Porém, o modelo de atenção à saúde vigente é um modelo centrado na figura do médico, na doença como foco das intervenções e no uso excessivo de medicamentos. Este artigo propõe reflexões acerca de como o médico passou a ocupar papel central na modernidade e ganhou legitimidade para decidir sobre o valor das vidas humanas. Primeiramente serão feitas considerações sobre o nascimento da biopolítica, a partir das contribuições de Michel Foucault, seguindo com a relação entre medicina, vida nua e poder soberano, a partir das reflexões propostas por Giorgio Agamben. Por fim, serão apresentadas considerações sobre a medicalização da vida, a partir das contribuições de João Biehl.
São todas as causas potencialmente causadoras de doença mental? Os Archivos Brasileiros de Hygiene Mental e o esboço do homem moderno
Authors: Guareschi Neuza Maria de Fátima , Lara Lutiane De , Ecker Daniel Dall'Igna , Cardoso Ananda Pinto
Published: June 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a noção de higiene mental preconizada no documento Archivos Brasileiros de Hygiene Mental a partir da abordagem foucaultiana de governamentalidade e estratégias de biopoder. Para isso, analisamos um periódico de saúde pública veiculado no Brasil entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940 pela Liga Brasileira de Hygiene Mental onde a noção de higiene mental se converte em certa “profilaxia do comportamento”, em prol de um ideal de progresso coletivo, tendo como pano de fundo o contexto histórico do Brasil daquela época. A discussão de tal material evidencia que os processos de governo da vida se sustentam em verdades sobre os sujeitos que legitimam as necessidades da urbanização emergente e, como efeito, constituem elementos para o ideal de homem moderno.
Reflexões acerca de um início: psicanálise e clínica na universidade
Authors: Pereira Nathalia Matos , Kessler Carlos Henrique
Published: June 2017

Este estudo reflete acerca da viabilidade de um trabalho clínico no contexto de uma clínica-escola referenciada na psicanálise. O estagiário ocupa uma posição indefinida: deve ter condições para clinicar (sendo o estágio “obrigatório”), mas ainda não é psicólogo, tampouco psicanalista. Visto que a universidade não forma analistas e que os três elementos considerados indispensáveis à formação analítica são a prática supervisionada, a análise pessoal e o estudo teórico, surge a questão: de que forma podem-se sustentar condições para um trabalho clínico durante esta primeira experiência na psicanálise? Um dos autores deste trabalho, em estudo anterior, aborda essa questão sob a perspectiva do supervisor, indicando a possibilidade de um efeito pontual de transmissão da psicanálise ao clínico que busca uma clínica-escola. Partindo dessa consideração, investigamos o que foi experienciado no momento de um início de prática clínica, enfatizando a perspectiva não do supervisor, mas do estagiário em supervisão.
Sobre os narcisismos e a constituição de um corpo no autismo
Authors: Leo Maira Barroso , Couto Luis Flávio Silva
Published: June 2017

Este artigo pretende discutir a possibilidade da constituição de um corpo no autismo. Para isso, em primeiro lugar, lança mão dos conceitos de eu ideal e de ideal do eu concernentes à teoria do narcisismo de Freud. Em seguida, utiliza os conceitos de borda autística, duplo, objetos autísticos e ilhotas de competência, forjados por autores psicanalíticos de Orientação Lacaniana, próprios ao modo de funcionamento autístico para sustentar a hipótese da existência de outras modalidades de constituição de um corpo distintas daquelas propostas inicialmente por Freud e Lacan.
Update on Immunohistochemical Analysis in Breast Lesions
Authors: Peng Yan , Butt Yasmeen M. , Chen Beiyun , Zhang Xinmin , Tang Ping
Published: June 2017

Context.—

The utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast lesions needs to be updated with exceptions among these lesions. Biomarker studies with IHC in triple-negative breast carcinoma may help develop targeted therapies for this aggressive breast cancer. The distinction of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma to the breast and invasive breast carcinoma has significant prognostic and therapeutic implications. The determination can be challenging because both primary tumors can express estrogen receptor and/or HER2 by IHC, creating a diagnostic dilemma.

Objectives.—

To provide a practical update on the use of IHC markers in differential diagnoses in breast lesions, including benign, atypical, precancerous, and malignant tumors; to highlight recently published research findings on novel IHC markers in triple-negative breast carcinoma cases; and to reinforce the importance of IHC use as an ancillary tool in distinguishing metastatic lung adenocarcinoma to the breast from primary breast carcinoma using real case examples.

Data Sources.—

PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) literature review and authors' research data and personal experiences were used in this review.

Conclusions.—

Immunohistochemistry has an important role in making differential diagnoses in breast lesions in morphologically equivocal settings; recognizing IHC expression status in the exceptions among these lesions will aid in the correct diagnosis of challenging breast cases. Studies suggest that androgen receptor, p16, p53, GATA3, and PELP1 may have potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value in triple-negative breast carcinoma cases; these findings may provide insight and a greater understanding of the tumor biology in triple-negative breast carcinomas. In distinguishing metastatic estrogen receptor–positive or HER2+ lung adenocarcinoma to the breast from primary breast carcinoma, napsin A, TTF-1, and GATA3 comprise a useful IHC panel.
Supernumerary bilateral tooth germs mimicking radiolucent bone pathology
Authors: Flores Isadora Luana , Mahon Natanael de Alencar Samarcos , Gamba Thiago de Oliveira , Assis Afonso Celso , Gomes Ana Paula Neutzling , Lopes Sérgio Lúcio Pereira de Castro
Published: June 2017

The immature tissues of teeth germs may mimicking odontogenic and non-odontogenic lesions. About this, an asymptomatic bilateral well-circumscribed radiolucency found during the routine evaluation is considered an uncommon finding and both supernumerary and maxillomandibular bone pathologies should be listed. Quite often, it is one clinical exercise to suggest diagnostic hypotheses to unspecific radiolucency image since cysts, neoplasms and dental anomalies are possible. Here, we reported a case of bilateral supernumerary teeth germs in a 12-years-old Caucasian patient highly suspicious of bone pathology due to completely radiolucent aspect. So, this is the first article to presents a case of bilateral teeth germs as an alert to early stage of tooth crypts in the differential diagnosis of mandibular circumscribed radiolucencies.
Idiopathic Bilateral Central Giant Cell Granuloma of Jaw- A Case Report and Brief Review of Reported Cases
Authors: Nasim Aarfa , Mohan Ravi Prakash Sasankoti , Kamarthi Nagaraju , Wadhwan Vijay
Published: June 2017

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign intraosseous reactive lesion of jaw with diverse clinical and radiological behaviour pattern. It accounts for 7% of neoplastic bone lesion of jaw with 70% occurring in mandible. CGCG was first considered as giant cell tumor mostly found in epiphyseal region of long bone having both aggressive and non- -aggressive pattern. The etiology of the lesion is not defined. Multiple CGCGs of the jaw bones is very rare and, if it occurs, it is usually associated with hyperparathyroidism in majority of the cases. We report an interesting case in which a 33 year old female came with a swelling present on right side of mandible which was asymptomatic. Another swelling was present on left side which was non-evident and asymptomatic. Clinical, radiological and histopathological examination confirmed the lesions as central giant cell granuloma. Biochemical examination showed no signs of hyperparathyroidism. This report represents a very rare entity in which there is idiopathic bilateral CGCG having both aggressive and non-aggressive type of lesion.
Pharmacokinetics‐based adherence measures for antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐infected Kenyan children
Authors: Tu Wanzhu , Nyandiko Winstone M , Liu Hai , Slaven James E , Scanlon Michael L , Ayaya Samuel O , Vreeman Rachel C
Published: June 2017

Background: Traditional medication adherence measures do not account for the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the drugs, potentially misrepresenting true therapeutic exposure.

Methods: In a population of HIV‐infected Kenyan children on antiretroviral therapy including nevirapine (NVP), we used a one‐compartment model with previously established PK parameters and Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS®)‐recorded dosing times to estimate the mean plasma concentration of NVP (Cp) in individual patients during 1 month of follow‐up. Intended NVP concentration (Cp’) was calculated under a perfectly followed dosing regimen and frequency. The ratio between the two (R = Cp/Cp’) characterized the patient's NVP exposure as compared to intended level. Smaller R values indicated poorer adherence. We validated R by evaluating its association with MEMS®‐defined adherence, CD4%, and spot‐check NVP plasma concentrations assessed at 1 month.

Results: In data from 152 children (82 female), children were mean age 7.7 years (range 1.5–14.9) and on NVP an average of 2.2 years. Mean MEMS® adherence was 79%. The mean value of R was 1.11 (SD 0.37). R was positively associated with MEMS® adherence (p < 0.0001), and lower‐than‐median R values were significantly associated with lower NVP drug concentrations (p = 0.0018) and lower CD4% (p = 0.0178), confirming a smaller R value showed poorer adherence.

Conclusion: The proposed adherence measures, R, captured patient drug‐taking behaviours and PK properties.
“Now that you are circumcised, you cannot have first sex with your wife”: post circumcision sexual behaviours and beliefs among men in Wakiso district, Uganda
Authors: Kibira Simon Peter Sebina , Atuyambe Lynn Muhimbuura , Sandøy Ingvild Fossgard , Makumbi Fredrick Edward , Daniel Marguerite
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Safe male circumcision is an important biomedical intervention in the comprehensive HIV prevention programmes implemented in 14 sub‐Saharan African countries with high HIV prevalence. To sustain its partial protective benefit, it is important that perceived reduced HIV risk does not lead to behavioural risk compensation among circumcised men and their sexual partners. This study explored beliefs that may influence post circumcision sexual behaviours among circumcised men in a programme setting.

Methods: Forty‐eight in‐depth interviews were conducted with newly circumcised men in Wakiso district, central Uganda. Twenty‐five men seeking circumcision services at public health facilities in the district were recruited from May to June 2015 and, interviewed at baseline and after 6 months. Participants’ beliefs and sexual behaviours were compared just after circumcision and at follow up to explore changes. Data were managed using atlas.ti7 and analysed following a thematic network analysis framework.

Results: Four themes following safe male circumcision emerged from this study. Beliefs related to: (1) sexual cleansing, (2) healing, (3) post SMC sexual capabilities and (4) continued HIV transmission risk. Most men maintained or adopted safer sexual behaviour; being faithful to their partner after circumcision or using condoms with extramarital partners following the knowledge that there was continued HIV risk post circumcision. The most prevalent risky belief was regarding sexual cleansing post circumcision, and as a result of this belief, some men had one off condom‐less sexual intercourse with a casual partner. Some resumed sex before the recommended period due to misunderstanding of what comprised healing.

Conclusions: Although most men maintained or adopted safer sexual behaviour, there were instances of risky sexual behaviour resulting from beliefs regarding the first sexual intercourse after circumcision or misunderstandings of what comprised wound healing. If not addressed, these may attenuate the safe male circumcision benefits of risk reduction for HIV.
Diverse stimuli engage different neutrophil extracellular trap pathways
Authors: Kenny Elaine F , Herzig Alf , Krüger Renate , Muth Aaron , Mondal Santanu , Thompson Paul R , Brinkmann Volker , Bernuth Horst von , Zychlinsky Arturo
Published: June 2017

Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) which ensnare pathogens and have pathogenic functions in diverse diseases. We examined the NETosis pathways induced by five stimuli; PMA, the calcium ionophore A23187, nigericin, Candida albicans and Group B Streptococcus. We studied NET production in neutrophils from healthy donors with inhibitors of molecules crucial to PMA-induced NETs including protein kinase C, calcium, reactive oxygen species, the enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase. Additionally, neutrophils from chronic granulomatous disease patients, carrying mutations in the NADPH oxidase complex or a MPO-deficient patient were examined. We show that PMA, C. albicans and GBS use a related pathway for NET induction, whereas ionophores require an alternative pathway but that NETs produced by all stimuli are proteolytically active, kill bacteria and composed mainly of chromosomal DNA. Thus, we demonstrate that NETosis occurs through several signalling mechanisms, suggesting that extrusion of NETs is important in host defence.
Methanol as a Hydrogen Source in the PdII−Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)‐Mediated Catalytic Semireduction of Alkynes Under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Prabusankar Ganesan , Sathyanarayana Arruri , Raju Gembali , Nagababu Chatla
Published: June 2017

A series of six new mono‐organopalladium complexes of the form [LPdX2] (L=1,2‐bis[(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]ethane (6), 1,2‐bis[(N‐vinylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]ethane (7), 1,2‐bis[(N‐isopropylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]ethane (8), 1,2‐bis[(N‐2,6‐dimethylphenylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]ethane (9), 1,2‐bis[(N‐4‐ethyl benzoate imidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]ethane (10), 4,5‐bis[(N‐isopropylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]acridine (11); X=Br for complexes 6–9 and 11, X=Cl for complex 10) were synthesized and characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray crystallography. In the solid state, complexes 6–11 were of neutral charge and each contained one bis(NHC) ligand (L) and two halide ligands in an almost‐ideal square‐planar geometry. These molecules were catalytically competent for the semihydrogenation of diphenylacetylene. Notably, MeOH was used as a hydrogen source in catalytic processes for the first time. Among these six new catalysts, the acridine‐bridged palladium−bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) complex gave excellent selectivity for the formation of Z alkenes from internal alkynes. A range of 15 different alkynes were tested under our optimized conditions and the reactions all proceeded with very high diastereoselectivities under mild conditions.
Synthesis, crystal structures, DNA/bovine serum albumin binding, DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity of five mononuclear zinc(II) complexes
Authors: Li Si‐Tong , Ma Zhong‐Ying , Liu Xin , Tian Jin‐Lei , Yan Shi‐Ping
Published: June 2017

Five new mononuclear zinc(II) complexes containing ligands with extended planar phenanthroline moieties (dipyrido‐[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine (dppz) or dipyrido[3,2‐d:2′,3′‐f] quinoxaline (dpq)), namely [Zn(dppz)(acac)2]⋅CH3OH (1), [Zn(dppz)(dbm)(OAc)] (2), [Zn(dpq)(dbm) (OAc)] 1.5H2O (3), [Zn(dpq)(tfnb)(OAc)] (4) and [Zn(dpq)(tfnb)2] (5), where acac = acetylacetonate, tfnb = benzoyltrifluoroacetone and dbm = dibenzoylmethane, were synthesized and structurally characterized. The binding ability of complexes 1–5 with calf thymus DNA was investigated by spectroscopic titration methods and viscosity measurements. Results indicate that all complexes bind to calf thymus DNA via intercalative mode, and the DNA binding affinities of dppz complexes 1 and 2 are apparently stronger than those of dpq complexes 3–5. DNA photocleavage experiments reveal that these complexes are efficient DNA cleaving agents and they are more active in UV‐A (365 nm) than in visible light. In particular, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the complexes for human cancer cell line A549 demonstrates that the five compounds have anticancer activity with low IC50 values. Meanwhile, interaction of the complexes with bovine serum albumin investigated using UV–visible and fluorescence methods indicates that all complexes can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin in a static quenching process.