bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Da formação docente ao protagonismo infantil na criação de cenários ecoformadores
Authors: Zwierewicz Marlene , Simão Vera Lúcia , De Souza e Silva Vera Lúcia
Published: January 2020

Superar práticas pedagógicas lineares, fragmentadas e descontextualizadas implica repensar os espaços de aprendizagem da Educação Infantil e, em decorrência, a própria formação docente, no sentido de estimular reflexões e intervenções que favoreçam a construção e exploração de cenários ecoformadores. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o proposto no planejamento colaborativo de docentes de instituições de Educação Infantil, elaborado durante o Programa de Ecoformação Continuada de Gestores e Docentes em Escolas Criativas, desenvolvido na Rede Municipal de Massaranduba, Santa Catarina, com as estratégias utilizadas no decorrer do ano letivo para estímulo ao protagonismo infantil na criação de cenários ecoformadores e ao desenvolvimento integral das crianças na sua utilização. Tendo por referência autores como Araújo (2018), Garcia, Rodrigues e Castilho (2016), Motta (2011), Morin (2009), Nicolescu (2014), Petraglia (2013), Pineau (2002, 2008), Pires e Branco (2007), Silva (2008), Torre e Zwierewicz (2009) e Voltarelli e Monteiro (2016), o estudo priorizou as pesquisas comparativa e documental e a abordagem qualitativa. Além da análise do documento que norteia a formação dos docentes e de projetos pedagógicos elaborados por eles durante o processo formativo, foram realizadas observações dos espaços criados nas instituições de Educação Infantil para avaliar a articulação entre o proposto nos documentos e os cenários construídos. Dentre os resultados, observou-se a construção de vários cenários ecoformadores, o estímulo do protagonismo infantil nas decisões sobre o que e como seriam construídos e a realização de atividades voltadas o desenvolvimento integral em sua exploração durante o ano letivo.
Variaciones organizativas ante los reglamentos formales. Las Juntas de Aguas en México 1920-1980
Authors: Montes de Oca Hernández Acela
Published: January 2020

En México, la reforma agraria alteró convenios de distribución y asignación de agua de ríos, arroyos y/o manantiales, proceso de cambio que se prolongó hasta el año de 1980. Sin embargo, no se ha explorado y analizado a las organizaciones preexistentes frente a nuevas formas de regular los usos colectivos del agua. La pregunta es ¿Cuál fue la relación entre reglamentos formales y la emergencia de Juntas de Aguas en el Estado de México? El objetivo es, identificar los espacios territoriales de las Juntas de Agua y examinar las respuestas sociales ante los reglamentos oficiales. El método de estudio es reflexivo-analítico de carácter cualitativo sustentado en documentos de archivo. La persistencia de las Juntas de Aguas permite atestiguar que, la intervención federal no logró atender funciones operativas y/o administrativas para controlar diversas corrientes, delegadas casi en su totalidad a las organizaciones locales.
Territorialidades indígenas y agua, más allá de las cuencas hidrográficas
Authors: Murillo-Licea Daniel
Published: January 2020

La gestión del agua en México se ha organizado (al menos en papel, desde una planeación y no desde un reflejo en acciones concretas) en cuencas hidrográficas, que son unidades territoriales definidas por la naturalidad de la geografía. Sin embargo, existen otro tipo de territorialidades, las indígenas, en donde el agua juega un papel importante. El objetivo del presente artículo es hacer un recuento de las principales dimensiones en la territorialidad indígena en México, tomando en cuenta la literatura antropológica y el trabajo de campo realizado por el autor en varias regiones indígenas en México, por más de 15 años. En el conocimiento de la territorialidad indígena se toman en cuenta elementos derivados de las culturas y de la cosmovisión, lo que incluye: el papel de las montañas y el agua; una lógica relacional o de conectividad entre elementos del paisaje y lugares sagrados; los seres sobrenaturales; los circuitos rituales y el dinamismo territorial y las fronteras o zonas de interpenetración. Se propugna por el reconocimiento de estas otras territorialidades en el marco de la diversidad cultural.
ELECTROCOAGULATION TREATMENT OF JOINT OIL-EMULSION AND CHROME-CONTAINING WASTEWATER OF METALWORKING ENTERPRISES
Authors: KHALTURINA Tamara I. , TRETYAKOV Sergey G. , CHURBAKOVA Olga V. , KOZLOVA Svetlana A.
Published: January 2020

The results of studying the process of electrocoagulation processing of joint oil-emulsion and chromium-containing wastewaters, which are formed at metal-working enterprises, are presented. Objective: to optimize the process of electrochemical neutralization of a joint effluent stream containing emulsified oil products and hexavalent chromium ions, and to study the composition and structure of sludge. Data were obtained on the study of the properties and composition of the sludge formed during the electrical treatment of a joint effluent containing emulsified oil products and hexavalent chromium ions to develop a disposal technology using thermogravimetric and x-ray phase analyzes. The results of the research during the planning of the experiment made it possible to determine the optimal regimes by pH and contact time.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE HISTORICALLY FORMED URBAN PLANNING DOMINANTS
Authors: KOSENKOVA Natalya A. , LITVINOV Denis Vladimirovich , KOSENKOVA Elizaveta V.
Published: January 2020

The urban planning history of Samara and the features of the formation of its planning structure are considered. The main historical periods in the history of the development of the city are revealed. The structural features of the pre-regular, regular city are considered, the main historical areas are investigated. The role of urban squares in modern Samara is analyzed. Based on the defi nition of the term architectural dominant, several main classifi cations of architectural dominants are given, and Samara’s historical dominants are identifi ed. The role of the main architectural dominants in the formation of the urban environment, historical and modern, and the transformation of this role with the growth and development of the city are examined in detail. The infl uence of later development on the historical dominants of the city is revealed.
KEY ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF OPEN PUBLIC SPACES IN RESIDENTIAL TERRITORIES
Authors: KUKINA Irina V. , CHUY Yana V. , GORSHA Anastasiia A.
Published: January 2020

The problem of forming open public spaces of the residential areas from the perspective of sustainable development is viewed. This approach is considered in the study in social, economic and environmental areas with the aim of creating investment interest, individualization of the territory, concentration of activity of residents and favorable living conditions. The territory of interest to various professional, social, amateur groups of residents requires a rational approach to its use, the structuring of space.
LINEAR CITY: INDEPENDENT AMERICAN PROJECTS
Authors: FILIPPOV Vasily D.
Published: January 2020

Two projects of the Linear City, which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, in the United States, regardless of the project implemented earlier in Spain by Arturo Soria, are described. The technical and town-planning features of the Roadtown project by Edgar Chembless and the social ideas underlying it are given. The reasons for the failure of this project, as well as similar projects that appeared later, are analyzed. The history of the project of Milo Hastings and his idea of a linear concentration of dwellings in the city are given. Although this project was also not implemented, the reasons why its town-planning ideas found application in the post-war construction of the American suburb and social ideas in the New Deal of President Franklin Roosevelt are shown.
EVALUATION OF DESIGN FIRE RESISTANCE OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM WITH CENTRAL PROP
Authors: ILYIN Nikolay A. , PANFILOV Denis A. , KOLESNEV Nikita A. , SILANTYEV Ivan A.
Published: January 2020

The article describes the essence of the technological method of testing a reinforced concrete beam with central prop for fire resistance without destruction, based on a set of individual indicators of the quality of concrete and reinforcement. The influence of the geometrical dimensions of a reinforced concrete beam with central prop, the heating pattern of the calculated cross section under fire conditions, the placement of the reinforcement in the calculated cross section, the depth and degree of fire protection of the concrete, the coefficient of thermal diffusion of concrete, the magnitude of the test load on the beam and the stress intensity in the bars of the longitudinal working reinforcement were investigated. The fire resistance limit of a beam with central prop is determined by the sign of loss of bearing capacity using the analytical equation (1). The use of the new proposed technological method allows to determine the actual fire resistance of a two-span reinforced concrete beam without full-scale fire impact, simplifies engineering calculations, increases the reliability of static material quality control and non-destructive testing, reduces economic costs.
INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRIC, THERMOPHYSICAL AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF REGENERATIVE HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: MONARKIN Nikolay N. , LUKIN Sergey V. , KOCHKIN Aleksandr A.
Published: January 2020

The influence of geometric (length, diameter and wall thickness of a unit equivalent channel of the nozzle), thermophysical (density and heat capacity of the nozzle material) and operating parameters (air flow through the regenerator and the time of one stage of accumulation / regeneration of thermal energy) on the thermal efficiency of stationary switching regenerative heat exchangers was studied . It was revealed that by varying the length and diameter of the channel and air flow, it is possible to increase thermal efficiency up to 10%. It was found that the wall thickness of a single channel, the density and heat capacity of the material of the nozzle, as well as the time of one stage, slightly aff ect the thermal efficiency of the regenerative heat exchanger.
SOLUTIONS IN EXPLICIT FORM FOR DETERMINING THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT FOR TURBULENT FLOW
Authors: NIKITIN Maxim Nikolaevich , SOLOVYOVA Tatyana Sergeevna , SHLYAHTINA Olga Vladimirovna
Published: January 2020

A comparative analysis of explicit solutions of the Colebrook-White equation is carried out. The median values of relative deviations, coefficients of determination and computational complexities for each approximation were obtained. The results of the iterative solution of the Colebrook-White equation by successive substitution method were used as the intrinsic solution. Approximations by B. Eck and A.R. Vatankhah were identified as the most effective in terms of computational complexity. It was shown that widely used approximations by P.R.H. Blasius, A.D. Altshul and J. Nikuradze although simple, provide acceptable accuracy only within restricted ranges of Reynolds and relative roughness.
INFLUÊNCIA DOS HORMÔNIOS SEXUAIS NA REGULAÇÃO FISIOLÓGICA DA RESPIRAÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Sales Weslley Barbosa , Tomaz Renata Ramos
Published: January 2020

O Sistema respiratório é responsável por oxigenar todo o sangue que esteja pobre em oxigênio (O2), e remover do nosso sangue o gás carbônico (CO2). Mesmo que não haja regulação dos hormônios sexuais referentes ao processo de respiração, a literatura mostra que há influência, principalmente quando estes podem apresentar ação estimulante ou inibitória sobre o sistema respiratório. O estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura sobre os efeitos dos principais hormônios sexuais envolvidos na regulação fisiológica da respiração, assim como sua influência na fisiopatologia de desordens respiratórias, evidenciando sua contribuição a nível de SNC (controladores respiratórios), pulmonares locais e vias aéreas. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, sendo usado os descritores com base DeCS (descritores de assunto em ciências da saúde da Bireme), em inglês e português: “Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais- Steroid Hormones”, “Respiração- Respiration”, “Sistema Respiratório- Respiratory System”. Foram consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Web Of Scienci e SciELO. Os estudos incluídos nesta revisão foram baseados em ensaios clínicos e metanálises, estudos que abordassem bem os efeitos dos hormônios sexuais do aparelho respiratório, e estudos publicados nos últimos 5 anos, com exceção de 1 artigo que foi considerado referência base para estudos desta temática. Os critérios de exclusão foram trabalhos publicados em anais de congresso, resumos de eventos científicos, e artigos que não estavam disponíveis na íntegra. Observou-se uma crescente linha de evidências de que os hormônios sexuais têm um importante papel em praticamente todos os processos fisiológicos, inclusive na respiração. Os hormônios estrógeno, progesterona e testosterona podem influenciar a função respiratória em animais e em humanos.
CZECHIAN GERMANS: THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL SELF-DESTRUCTION (1939–1945)
Authors: Melnyk Viktor
Published: January 2020

Objective of the study: to classify and identify the main causes of the process of political self-destruction of the German ethnic minority in the territory of Czechoslovakia; to propose, substantiate and introduce into scientific circulation the concept of political self-destruction of the German community in the territory of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, which existed under the suzerainty of the Third Reich from March 15, 1939 to May 13, 1945.
Methodology: Therefore, the journalistic and literary works of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were analyzed, as well as legal documents and diplomatic protocols adopted following the Yalta Conference (February 4 — F ebruary 11, 1945), the Potsdam Conference (July 17 — August 2, 1945). With the help of the traditional complex of historical and legal methods (text study, comparative analysis, legal analogy), were analyzed the content and external forms of legal succession of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in relation to the First Czechoslovak Republic (October 28, 1918 — September 30, 1938) and the Second Czechoslovak Republic (September 30, 1938 — March 15, 1939). Structural and functional method allowed to isolate the main reasons for the successful cultural and socio-economic coexistence of Germans and Czechs in the territory of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia under the auspices of the Third Reich in 1939–1945. The socio-psychological approach, in turn, determined the political-political characterization of the rise of interethnic hostility of the Czechs to the Germans. The article argues that the cause of the massacres of Germans by Czech fighters (actions with clear signs of genocide) during 1945–1950 was the transfer of the so-called «guilt for Soviet occupation» by the Czech collective consciousness to the Germans. With the help of English and Soviet propaganda, a negative image of the Germans in the mass media was simultaneously formed.
Results and conclusions: The history of the Czechoslovak Republic of 1918–1939 is a prime example of the confrontation between spatial and ethno-linguistic political ideologues. On the one hand, there were Sudeten and Bohemian Germans, supported by the strong movement of the Nazis. On the other hand, the concept of Central European Slavic integration, known as «Czechoslovakism». The struggle between these two ideologues often falls out of sight of contemporary political scientists (political scientists) and historians. This article does not fill the gap, but aims to demonstrate the Czech-German ethno-political conflict of the mid-twentieth century in the form of a logical sequence of events that led to the collapse of both Pan-Germanism and Czechoslovakism. The bloody war between the Slavs and the Germans in the center of Europe ended with the victory of «third power» — ideology of communism.
A Grow-Your-Own Approach in Social Work: Shaping Alaska's Workforce
Authors: Brocious Heidi , Demientieff LaVerne , Renfro Carol , George-Bettisworth Retchenda
Published: January 2020

The need for a stable, well-trained behavioral health workforce is substantial, especially in rural parts of the United States. As a state with a large land mass and small population, Alaska epitomizes this struggle. This article examines the impact of a rural and indigenous BASW program focused on “growing our own” social workers throughout rural Alaska. Data from graduates demonstrates more than half of the homegrown graduates were still working in Alaska in 2016, most in jobs that could be identified as social work related. Additionally, 33% of graduates were AI/AN, compared to 19.5% in the general population. The study also found that having students first complete a culturally grounded certificate program both increased the likelihood that graduates remained working in Alaska and substantially increased the percentage of AI/AN BASW graduates. These findings suggest a Grow Your Own program may be an effective strategy for addressing rural behavioral health workforce challenges.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Multikultural di Majelis Taklim An Najach Magelang
Authors: Huda Imamul
Published: January 2020

This research aims to describe the lecture of An Najach majelis taklim and its function for people empowerment activities. The research method uses qualitative-descriptive methods through the interview, observation, and documentation. The place of the research is at An Najach majelis taklim located in An Najach Islamic boarding school in Magelang. The results showed that first, the lecture materials are normative, emphasizing individual piety and not prioritizing issues related to living together in pluralism and multiculturalism; second, in addition to multicultural values, religious lectures contain some anti-multicultural values, such as truth claims, prejudices, stereotypes against other groups, stigma and judgment, and hate speech; and third, An Najach represents the capable majelis taklim to empower people in the spiritual, economic, educational, and social aspects. This research recommends the importance of professionalism in managing majelis taklim and good communication with the audience and people. This research enriches studies on the development of Islamic societies, especially in people empowerment based on majelis taklim.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA POHON ANGKA UNTUK ASPEK KEMAMPUAN BERBAHASA PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TKK NEGERI BUNGA BANGSA TUDE KECAMATAN JEREBUU KABUPATEN NGADA
Authors: Noge Maria Desidaria , Meo Matilde , Ngura Elisabeth Tantiana
Published: January 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pohon angka sebagai media untuk kemampuan aspek berbahasa pada Anak Usia Dini di TKK Negeri Bunga Bangsa Tude. Metode penelitian dikaji menggunakan jenis penelitian model pengembangan ADDIE, model ini terdiri atas lima tahap yaitu, (1) Analyze, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, (5) Evaluation.Dalam penjabaran diantaranya: 1)  pada tahap analyze (analisis) dibagi menjadi 3 yaitu analisis kurikulum, analisis kebutuhan siswa, dan analisis kompetensi; 2) pada tahap design (desain), peneliti membuat perencanaan desain produk ( pohon angka) dengan desain awal yaitu ranting kayu; 3) pada tahap Development (pengembangan), peneliti membuat suatu pengembangan media pohon angka yang utuh yang sudah didesain awal dan juga buku panduan yang direvisi oleh ahli 4) pada tahap Implementation (implementasi), peneliti menerapkan produk yang sudah direvisi untuk diuji coba 5) pada tahap Evaluation (evaluasi), dilakukan untuk merevisi tiap tahap-tahap lainya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji coba produk terdiri atas 5 instrumen dengan nilai rata-rata dari instrumen ahli materi 93% pada kategori sangat valid, instrumen ahli media 76% pada kategori valid, instrumen ahli desain 80% pada kategori valid, instrumen uji coba perorangan 95% pada kategori sangat valid, instrumen uji kelompok kecil 98% pada kategori sangat valid. Kata-kata kunci: kemampuan berbahasa, media pohon angkaAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pohon angka sebagai media untuk kemampuan aspek berbahasa pada Anak Usia Dini di TKK Negeri Bunga Bangsa Tude. Metode penelitian dikaji menggunakan jenis penelitian model pengembangan ADDIE, model ini terdiri atas lima tahap yaitu, (1) Analyze, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, (5) Evaluation.Dalam penjabaran diantaranya: 1)  pada tahap analyze (analisis) dibagi menjadi 3 yaitu analisis kurikulum, analisis kebutuhan siswa, dan analisis kompetensi; 2) pada tahap design (desain), peneliti membuat perencanaan desain produk ( pohon angka) dengan desain awal yaitu ranting kayu; 3) pada tahap Development (pengembangan), peneliti membuat suatu pengembangan media pohon angka yang utuh yang sudah didesain awal dan juga buku panduan yang direvisi oleh ahli 4) pada tahap Implementation (implementasi), peneliti menerapkan produk yang sudah direvisi untuk diuji coba 5) pada tahap Evaluation (evaluasi), dilakukan untuk merevisi tiap tahap-tahap lainya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji coba produk terdiri atas 5 instrumen dengan nilai rata-rata dari instrumen ahli materi 93% pada kategori sangat valid, instrumen ahli media 76% pada kategori valid, instrumen ahli desain 80% pada kategori valid, instrumen uji coba perorangan 95% pada kategori sangat valid, instrumen uji kelompok kecil 98% pada kategori sangat valid. Kata-kata kunci: kemampuan berbahasa, media pohon angka
Penilaian Kriteria Green Building Pada Pembangunan Gedung IsDB Project Berdasarkan Skala Indeks Menggunakan Greenship Versi 1.2 (Studi Kasus: Gedung Engineering Biotechnology Universitas Jember)
Authors: Ratnaningsih Anik , Hasanuddin Akhmad , Hermansa Richo
Published: January 2020

Perencanaan dalam pembangunan saat ini harus mengacu dalam konsep Green Building yang merupakan salah satu wujud kepedulian terhadap kelestarian lingkungan dibidang konstruksi dalam menyikapi pemanasan global (global warming), untuk mengurangi efek dari global warming setiap perencanaan harus menerapkan konsep bangunan yang sesuai dengan iklim dan lingkungan alam sekitar. Perencanaan dengan konsep Green Building merupakan rangka dalam mencapai sertifikasi bangunan ramah lingkungan yang dikeluarkan oleh Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menilai penerapan konsep Green Building pada salah satu bangunan IsDB di area Universitas Jember. Metode penelitian pada studi ini menggunakan perangkat penilaian Greenship Untuk Bangunan Baru versi 1.2, proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara serta data sekunder dari pihak perencana meliputi gambar rencana, BoQ (Bill of Quantity) dan RKS (Rencana Kerja Syarat-syarat), tahap penilaian yang digunakan yaitu tahap Recognisi Desain (DR) dimana penilaian dilakukan saat proyek dalam kondisi finalisasi desain dan perencanaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gedung mendapatkan total penilaian 30 poin presentase sebesar 38,96% dengan predikat Bronze/perunggu, jika gedung dapat menerapkan beberapa kriteria yang telah direkomedasikan gedung dapat memperoleh nilai 46 poin dengan presentase 59.74 % predikat Gold/emas.
Garuda Indonesia-Rolls Royce Corruption, Transnational Crime, and Eradication Measures
Authors: Prakasa Satria Unggul Wicaksana
Published: January 2020

The appointment of Emirsyah Satar, former President Director of PT Garuda Indonesia, and former Director of PT Mugi Rekso Abadi, Soetikno Soearjo who was the beneficial owner of Connaught International Pte. Ltd. as an intermediary for bribery against the Emirsyah in the alleged bribery case of aircraft and aircraft engine procurement from Airbus SAS and Rolls Royce PLC by PT. Garuda. Cross-border corruption carried out by Rolls-Royce is not only corruption committed by a private entity, but the case is also related to efforts to recognize the concept of Foreign Affairs Bribery as a new type of corruption. This research aims to find out the corruption as a transnational crime committed by multinational corporations and how inter-state cooperative actions can prosecute corruption cases. Legal questions raised are: (1) how can the United Nations Convention Against Corruption mechanism be used in exposing the Garuda Indonesia-Rolls Royce corruption case as a transnational crime, and (2) what legal remedies which can be applied to punish corruption committed between Garuda Indonesia-Rolls Royce? This study argues that, as part of transnational crime, of course, Garuda Indonesia and Rolls-Royce's corruption is an extraordinary crime that is not only detrimental to business practices but also the rule of law in Indonesia and other countries involved. Corruption done by Rolls-Royce, which involved Emirsyah Satar as a former director of Garuda Indonesia, has harmed Indonesia. Thus, Jurisdiction of criminal acts of corruption is needed.  It should be under the legal system of corruption eradication in Indonesia. There is a need for interpretation because Indonesia is part of the state which ratified UNCAC through Law No. 7 of 2006. Therefore, recognizing the Foreign Affairs Bribery concept as part of a judge's rechtvinding (finding of law) of the Criminal Court that multinational/transnational corporations comply with and respect the rule of law and eradication of corruption in Indonesia. It includes in making lex specialis (law governing a specific subject matter) related to Foreign Affairs Bribery so that similar cases do not occur in the future for Indonesia.

Keywords: Corruption, Transnational Crime, Garuda Indonesia, Rolls-Royce.
The Principle of Utilization of Rahn in Non-Cash Transaction of Gold at Islamic Banks
Authors: Ali Moh. , Rahma Siska Hidayatur
Published: January 2020

Non-cash transaction of gold is one type of service by Islamic banks. Non-cash transactions of gold using the contract as a binder between Islamic banks and customers. The contract consists of a murabahah and rahn contract; this contract is contained in a Proof of Ownership of Gold (SBKE). In the rahn contract, there is a stipulation that gold, which is the object of cash, is used as collateral for Islamic banks. This study aims to analyze the validity and suitability of the rahn contract and future conceptions of noncash transactions of gold trading using the principle of benefit. The results showed that the rahn contract on the non-cash transaction of gold cash did not meet the validity of the contract contained in Article 21 KHES (Compilation of Sharia Economic Law) because there were provisions that contradicted Article 18 paragraph (1) item h of Law Number 8 of 1998 about Consumer Protection. Rahn in the non-cash transaction of gold is generally the same as the pawn only in the non-cash transaction of gold; there is an initial transaction in the form of murabahah. The next conception regarding the sale and purchase of gold in cash is a guarantee used no longer in the form of gold, but in the form of proof of ownership of gold or gold certificate, this is based on the MUI DSN fatwa Number 68 / DSN-MUI / III / 2008 concerning (rahn) Tasjily.

Keywords: Non-cash Transaction of Gold, Rahn Contract, Principle of Utility
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN DAN PRIORITAS PENGADAAN BARANG BERBASIS WEB DENGAN METODE PROMETHEE
Authors: Nurprayogi Fian Hidayah , Wibowo Achmad Teguh , Milad Mohammad Khusnu
Published: January 2020

This research discussed the usefulness of the promethee method to solve one of the problems that commonly occur in UD Motto Racing Surabaya. Problems at UD. Motto Racing Surabaya which is still using a manual system in determining the priority of procurement. One alternative solution to this problem is to build a system that can directly produce recommendations to determine the priority of procurement. So that it can minimize errors in the re-stock of goods that result in consumers disappointed. With the existence of this sales information system and priority of procurement of web-based, can help leaders in making decisions for the procurement of goods because comfort and customer satisfaction are the main keys to the company. The results obtained are the priority recommendations for the procurement of goods to be more accurate than without using the system, as evidenced from the results of accuracy testing in the number of April percentages of 66.67%, May percentages of 83.33%, June percentages of 50% and July percentages of 83.33%.
Debates on Religious Studies In the Phenomenology Perspective and Its Contribution to Interfaith Tolerance
Authors: Akhiyat Akhiyat
Published: January 2020

The phenomenological approach in religious studies has played an essential role in uncovering the mysteries of religious experience. With the epoché concept, which refers to the meaning of "delaying all judgments", or it can be said as meaning with the intention of suspending an understanding, that is interpreted as "confinement" (bracketing), the researcher must temporarily let go of all his judgments or understanding of the phenomenon under study to obtain universal knowledge that is transcendental to the phenomenon of religion and experience the essence that they obtain. However, critics from experts for this phenomenological approach to religion still exist, in this case, summarized in three points: first, about the continuity of the phenomenology of religion as a philosophical tradition. Second, hidden theological assumptions or motives behind the phenomenological approach of religion. Third, what is the involvement of religious scientists in the public role as social scientists face current social and political realities or the challenges of religious scientists whether they accept the public role or do not face the reality of various problems faced by society.
Offset Fracture Events Made Simple: An Operator's Collaborative Approach to Observe Parent Child Interactions, Measure Frac Hit Severity and Test Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Johnson David C. , Yeager Bryce B. , Roberts Christopher D. , Fowler Brett W.
Published: January 2020

It has long been postulated that complicated problems can usually be solved with simple solutions. While this is not always the case, one might, at least, ask for a simple framework to guide a team through a technically difficult issue. When one private oil & gas operator was faced with the common industry challenge of Parent/Child well interactions in an unconventional, dry-gas shale, a collaborative team applied a simple workflow in the form of the scientific method. The iterative workflow provided a simple approach to utilize common data, clearly calculate economic risk and ultimately reveal major performance indicators of offset well development.

The study area focuses on the northeast region of Pennsylvania, specifically in the dry gas window of the Marcellus Shale. More specifically, five counties in Pennsylvania (Bradford, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Wyoming and Lycoming) are studied after the operating company moved into full time development and started offsetting older appraisal wells. The impact from these offset events were varied ranging from parents and children losing reserves to parents and children gaining reserves. However, value loss was more common. As this risk grew, management charged the technical team and service partners with the goal of empirically mitigating offset frac interference to 1) protect the Parent well's original completion and 2) maximize a Child well's completion effectiveness.

To accomplish these goals, the team employed the scientific method to observe offset events, measure the impact to reserves and experiment with mitigation techniques. To date, the team has cataloged > 70 offset events, classified over 350 frac hits and tested one mitigation technique. In addition to an offset frac workflow, this paper will highlight statistical correlations of high value variables and detail an economic Monte Carlo Simulator to quantify the risk of a parent/child event.
The effects of an educational program based on the Theory of Reasoned Action on high-risk sexual behaviors among patients with human papillomavirus infection: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pourgholamamiji Nima , Shahsavari Hooman , Manookian Arpi , Soori Tahereh , zandkarimkhani Maryam
Published: January 2020

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases are a major health problem in all countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common viral sexually transmitted disease in both genders. High-risk sexual behaviors (HRSBs) are among the major risk factors for HPV infection. Lack of knowledge can contribute to HRSBs and hence, education can potentially reduce HRSB risk. This study evaluated the effects of an educational program based on the Theory of Reasoned Action on HRSBs among patients with HPV. Methods: This two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2017-2018. The educational program was developed based on the results of a survey into the most important components of the Theory of Reasoned Action contributing to HRSBs among 100 patients recruited from Razi hospital, Tehran, Iran. Then, 110 patients from the same hospital were consecutively recruited and randomly allocated to a control (n = 55) and an intervention (n = 55) group and all of them completed a demographic questionnaire and the Sexual Risk Scale. Then, each participant in the intervention group was provided with the developed educational program which consisted of two face-to-face educational sessions in the first and the thirtieth days of the intervention, an educational booklet, and biweekly follow-up telephone contacts. Their counterparts in the control group solely received routine care services. Three months after the first educational session, HRSBs were reassessed in both groups. Results: There were no significant between-group differences respecting participants’ baseline characteristics and mean score of HRSBs (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean score of HRSBs significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001) but did not significantly change in the control group (P = 0.70). The posttest mean score of HRSBs in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Education based on the Theory of Reasoned Action is effective in significantly reducing HRSBs among patients with HPV infection. Nurses can develop and use educational interventions based on this theory to reduce HRSBs and HPV infection. Trial registration: IRCT2016121831453N1 (8 Oct 2017) Keywords: Theory of Reasoned Action, High-risk sexual behaviors, Human papillomavirus
The Optimum Resistance of Small Intestine Fusion by Pulse Source
Authors: Wang Yifan , Liu Kefu , Xiang Xiaowei , Zhu Caihui , Wang Hao
Published: January 2020

Background The radiofrequency (RF)-induced intestine-fusion, as a replacement method for traditional suture in surgery, has been studied for years. The present study reports the optimum resistance of small intestine fusion. As the feedback signal, resistance will be the indicator of the fusion completion for device design of intestine-fusion, and in-depth study of microstructure change. Materials and methods A self-design pulse source is used for small intestine fusion with adjustable voltage, duty ratio, frequency and output time. In this study, the frequency is 440 kHz; voltage, output time and compression pressure (CP) on the small intestine are independent variables for the experiment. The differences of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining slices are discussed. The real time current is measured and recorded during the fusion for calculation of resistance. The burst pressure (BP) is measured with a pressure gauge and a peristaltic pump after the fusion completion. Results The highest BP is 38.9 mmHg with CP of 900 kPa, voltage of 50 v and time of 5 s. The optimum resistance is 71.1 Ω. Conclusions The quality of fusion is a result of combined influence of CP, voltage and time. The optimum resistance of 71.1 Ω is proposed for the highest BPs and automatically fusion.
Activation of SIRT1 Alleviates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in The Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis in a Rat Model of Chronic Migraine
Authors: liang jie , zhou xue , wang jiang , fei zhaoyang , qin guangcheng , zhang dunke , zhou jiying , Chen Li-Xue
Published: January 2020

Background: The mechanism of chronic migraine (CM) is still unclear and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a possible role in migraine pathophysiology. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays a vital role in mitochondrial dysfunction in many diseases, but there is no information about SIRT1 in CM.The aim of this study was to explore the role of SIRT1 in mitochondrial dysfunction in CM. Methods： A rat model was established through repeated dural infusions of inflammatory soup (IS) for seven days to simulate CM attacks. Cutaneous hyperalgesia caused by the repeated infusions of IS was detected using the von Frey test. Then, we detected SIRT1 expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). To explore the effect of SIRT1 on mitochondrial dysfunction in CM rats, we examined whether SRT1720, an activator of SIRT1, altered mitochondrial dysfunction in CM rats. Results： Repeated infusions of IS resulted in cutaneous hyperalgesia accompanied bydownregulation of SIRT1.SRT1720 significantly alleviated the cutaneous hyperalgesia induced by repeated infusions of IS. Furthermore, activation of SIRT1 markedly increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator 1-alpha(PGC-1α), transcription factor A (TFAM), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), and nuclear respiratory factor 2(NRF-2) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and increased the ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusions ：Our results indicate that SIRT1 may have an effect on mitochondrial dysfunction in CM rats. Activation of SIRT1 has a protective effect on mitochondrial function in CM rats.
Dynamic assessment of punctate white matter damage in premature infants based on conventional MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient value
Authors: Zhao Jiping , Cui Chunxiao , Lin Haozhi , Ma Minge , Duan Chongfeng , Liu Xuejun
Published: January 2020

Background The purpose of this study was to observe the distribution of punctate white matter damage (PWMD) in premature infants and the signal characteristics of conventional and diffusion weighted imaging MRI .To explore the application value of routine MRI and ADCvalue in evaluating white matter damage in premature infants. Methods A total of 218 premature infants were enrolled from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and divided into a case group (n=110) and a control group (n=108). ADC values of lesions in white matter, areas around lesions (within 5 mm) and contralateral areas of mirror images were measured. ADC values of the same areas were reexamined and measured after 5-7 weeks. ADC values were measured in normal appearing areas of the case group and control group. Results 1. A total of 390 white matter lesions were found in 110 children in the case group.324 lesions (83.1%) had a hyperintense signal in T1WI, 352 (90.3%) had a hyperintense signal in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), 326 (83.5%) had a hyperintense signal in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and 118 (30.3%) had a low signal on T2WI. 2. The ADC value in the lesion was significantly lower than that in the surrounding area and the contralateral area, and the ADC value in the surrounding area was also lower than that in the contralateral area. At the time of reexamination, the ADC value of the lesions was still significantly lower than that of the surrounding and contralateral areas of the lesion. In the case group, the ADC values of the normal area in the bilateral centrum ovale and in the splenium of the corpus callosum were lower than those in the control group. Conclusion In the early stage, (within 7 days), DWI was the most sensitive to detecting lesions, and the detection rate of lesions on T1WI was the highest as time went on. By measuring the ADC value, we can find the damage in the surrounding area of the lesion and the damage in the normal area ，which can not be detected on a conventional MRI sequence.
SiRNA in MSCs-Derived Exosomes Silences Ctgf Gene for Corticospinal Axon Regeneration and Locomotor Recovery in Spinal Cord Injury Rats
Authors: Huang Wei , Qu Mingjia , Li Lu , Liu Tao , Duan Ruimeng , Lin Miaoman , Yuan Yashuai , Zhang Meng , Gao Junxiao , Yu Xiaobing
Published: January 2020

As RNA interference (RNAi) received solicitous attention by many for its promising performance in gene therapy recently, and how to obtain a choice small interfering RNA (siRNA) vector has become a moot point at this moment. Exosomes (Exo) show advantages of long survival time in vivo, high transmission efficiency and easy penetration across the blood-brain/spinal cord barrier, renowned as excellent carriers of bioactive substances. Previous studies have confirmed the detrimental effect of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) via stimulating the unrestricted growth of glial scars. In this study, we applied mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived Exo as the delivery of synthesized siRNA, which were extracted from rat bone marrow. We constructed exosome-siRNA (Exo-siRNA) that could specifically silence Ctgf gene in the injury sites by electroporation. During the administration, we injected Exo-siRNAs into the tail vein of SCI rats, and their distribution and accumulation in the spinal cord were visualized by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Relevant in vivo and in vitro experiments in this study showed that Exo-siRNA not only effectively inhibited the expressions of Ctgf gene and glial scar formation related proteins, such as GFAP, vimentin fibronectin and laminin, in the injured spinal cord segments, but quenched inflammation, and thwarted neuronal apoptosis and reactive astrocytes and glial scar formation. Besides, it significantly up-regulated several neurotrophic factors and anti-inflammatory factors (e.g., TGF-β1), acting as a facilitator of axon regeneration of nerve-injured motor neurons. Thus, the motor function of SCI rats were remarkably promoted. In conclusion, this study has combined the thoroughness of gene therapy and the excellent drug-loading characteristics of Exo for the precise treatment of SCI, which will shed new light on the drug-loading field of Exo.
Laboratory evaluation of vasoreactivity; asymmetric dymethylarginine, nitric oxide, fibrinogen and high sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Demir Süreyya , Demir Bulent , Sakar Mehmet Nafi , pasa semir , Atamer Yildiz
Published: January 2020

Background-Aim We aimed to compare of fibrinogen, high sensitivie C reactive protein (hsCRP), asymmetric dymethylarginine (ADMA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels as laboratory parameters of vasoreactivity in patients with PCOS. Material and Methods Thirty patients with PCOS and 30 women with normal ovulating cycles were enrolled. Serum levels of NO, ADMA, fibrinogen, FSH, LH and hsCRP were assessed and compared with the control group. Results The mean ADMA, fibrinogen and hsCRP levels were significantly higher, and NO concentrations were lower in the patient group. A significant positive correlation was observed between ADMA and NO levels, ADMA and fibrinogen (r=0.838, p<0.001), and ADMA and hsCRP concentrations. Fibrinogen and NO, and NO and hsCRP levels were significantly negatively correlated in the patient group. In the control group, there was a positive correlation between fibrinogen and age, and there was a negative correlation between NO and FSH. Conclusion The present study determined positive relation between ADMA levels and vasoreactive parameters of patients with PCOS. Women with PCOS have elevated levels of ADMA, fibrinogen and decreased NO that make them candidates for cardiovascular disease. Further studies are required to establish the association of ADMA with vascular reactivity.
Poverty reduces maternity waiting home utilization in Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tenaw Zelalem , Fikre Rekiku , Gemeda Hirut , Astatkie Ayalew
Published: January 2020

Background : Maternity waiting home utilization is proved to decrease maternal mortality and morbidity. Maternity waiting home service utilization is a strategy to improve facility-based skilled delivery service in Ethiopia. Though the establishment of maternity waiting homes started in Ethiopia more than three decades back, the utilization of the service seems to low. The objective of this study is to estimate the magnitude of maternity waiting home utilization and identify its associated factors in Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 748 mothers who gave birth in the last one year in selected woredas (districts) of Sidama Zone. Data were collected from April 1- 25, 2019 using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were coded and entered into EpiData version 3.5.1 and exported to Stata Version 13 software for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with maternity waiting home utilization adjusting for confounders. Results : In this study utilization of maternity waiting home in Sidama Zone was 67.25 % ( 95% CI: 63.79%-70.53%).Maternity waiting home utilization was significantly associated with maternal age of 31-40 (AOR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.28-0.64) related to 20-30 age category, daily laborer occupation of mothers (AOR=0.2; 95%CI: 0.06-0.76), protestant religion (AOR=1.7; 95% CI: 1.00-2.82), monthly income under poverty level(825-1320 EBR) (AOR=0.6; 95%CI: 0.36-0.92)related with extremely under poverty level(<825EBR), lack of knowledge about maternity waiting home (AOR=0.009; 95%CI: 0.002-0.03) and having a spouse who can read and write (AOR=2.0; 95%CI: 1.11-3.66) . Conclusion: Women who had knowledge about maternity waiting home, women who had a husband who can read and write and women who were protestant religion followers have higher probabilities of maternity waiting home utilization, whereas older women (31-40 years old), women who are daily laborers and women whose family income is below poverty have lower probabilities of maternity waiting home utilization. Health education about maternity waiting home utilization, spouse education and women's economic empowerment are crucial to enhance maternity waiting home utilization. Keywords: Maternity waiting home, Utilization, Associated factors, Ethiopia
Development and evaluation of a SYBR Green I RT-qPCR assay for Feline Infection Peritonitis virus detection
Authors: Wang Yuanhong , Wang Yong , Wang Jing , Zhao Liang , Li Chuanfeng , Chen Chen , Zhu Jie , Jiang Shudong , Li Yongdong , Liu Guangqing
Published: January 2020

Background Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal, systemic disease caused by a mutant form of Feline Infectious Peritonitis virus (FIPV) and has been reported to occur worldwide in domestic cats and massive wild feline species. Meanwhile a definitive diagnosis of FIPV ante mortem remains challenging. The objective was to develop a qPCR for the detection of FIPV in cats and applied the assay to detected the viral loads in different autopsied organs of a cat naturally infected with FIPV. Results: After genetic comparison, We develop a SYBR Green I based quantitative transcription PCR assay (qPCR) targeting the structural protein N of FIPV. The sensitivity of the new assay in detecting FIPV nucleic acids was approximately 1000 times higher than that of the conventional RT-PCR assay (PCR). There were no cross-reactions with other common viruses. Organ assay showed that FIPV were present in the Heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, duodenal and ascites of the autopsied cat. Histological lesions showed that macrophages, non-toxic neutrophils and lymphocytes predominated in different organs which confirmed that the cat was infected with FIPV. Conclusions We developed a quantitative platform for epidemiological investigations study of FIPV that was simple, sensitive, and rapid.