bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of zinc‐to‐HEDP molar ratio on the effectiveness of zinc‐1, hydroxyethylidene‐1,1 diphosphonic acid in inhibiting corrosion of carbon steel in neutral solutions
Authors: Awad Hayam S.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The aim of the present work was to study the synergistic effect of HEDP and zinc on inhibition of the corrosion of carbon steel in neutral oxygen‐containing chloride solutions, and to investigate the effect of zinc‐HEDP molar ratio on the effectiveness of the zinc‐HEDP inhibitive mixtures.

Design/methodology/approach

The inhibition of the corrosion of carbon steel by zinc‐HEDP mixtures in neutral oxygen‐containing solutions was investigated in the presence of 0.003 M (106 ppm) chloride.

Findings

It was shown that the inhibition by these mixtures depended not only on the zinc/HEDP molar ratio but also on the concentration of both zinc and HEDP. HEDP concentration appeared to be crucial where good inhibition was not achieved at low concentrations and aggressive nature is observed at high HEDP levels. The effectiveness of the zinc‐HEDP mixtures enhanced inhibition by increasing the zinc content of the mixture, but the mechanism was only effective to a certain level, above which the inhibition effect declined. The predominant corrosion control mechanism of the zinc‐HEDP mixture was on the anodic (metal dissolution) reaction, but it also affected the rate and mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction.

Originality/value

Demonstrates how the effectiveness of the zinc‐HEDP mixtures can enhance inhibition by increasing the zinc content of the mixture.
A review of differing approaches used to estimate the cost of corrosion (and their relevance in the development of modern corrosion prevention and control strategies)
Authors: Bhaskaran R. , Palaniswamy N. , Rengaswamy N.S. , Jayachandran M.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To analyze the different approaches used to estimate the cost of corrosion and understand the limitations so as to have proper appropriation in future appraisals.

Design/methodology/approach

Four well‐known approaches to analysis of cost of corrosion viz., the Uhlig method, the Hoar method, NBS‐BCL input/output method and net present value method have been considered in great detail and the impact of these approaches on corrosion economy in different countries has been highlighted.

Findings

Uhlig method of estimating corrosion cost always gives a conservative estimate of the direct cost of corrosion. The direct cost of corrosion, as estimated by the Hoar method, is found to be somewhat higher than is the estimate made using the Uhlig method, as shown by Shibata of Japan. The NBS‐BCL method of input/output analysis, though apparently more scientific, is subject ultimately to uncertainties in quantifying the capital cost and intermediate output. The net present value method appears to be more realistic than do other approaches as it enables a life cycle costing of each structure/facility to be made and arrives at the most cost‐effective corrosion control method. Even though all the above four approaches enable an estimation of direct cost of corrosion, there is no standard approach to assess the indirect cost of corrosion.

Originality/value

In a developing economy, each and every industry has to go for systematic corrosion auditing in order to identify and adopt the most appropriate corrosion control measures and effect considerable savings. This paper would be of immense use in that regard.
A consideration of the effects of solvent characteristics on cementation processes for the removal of toxic metals and wastes
Authors: El‐Batouti M.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The objective of the present work was to study the kinetics of copper cementation on Fe metal in an acetone‐water medium and in a dioxane‐water medium.

Design/methodology/approach

The impact of solvent concentration on cementation rate was determined by measuring the rate of copper cementation from CuSO4 onto an iron plate in the absence and in the presence of acetone and dioxane solvents.The thermodynamic parameters ΔH#, ΔS# and ΔG# of the cementation of CuSO4‐organic solvents were calculated. Linear plots of ΔH# versus ΔS# were obtained.

Findings

It was demonstrated that the rate of cementation decreased with increasing concentration of solvents and increasing temperature. The isokinetic temperature data indicate that the cementation reaction is controlled by the entropy of the system.

Originality/value

The findings have important implications for the reclamation of toxic and valuable metals from industrial waste streams.
The corrosion rate of a zinc/steel rotating cylinder in a saline water and saline water‐alcohol environment
Authors: Fadali Olfat A.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To study the effect of rotation of a zinc/steel cylinder couple on the rate of galvanic corrosion in saline water and a saline water methyl alcohol system.

Design/methodology/approach

The weight loss technique was used for calculating the rate of corrosion. variables such as cylinder rotational speed, salt concentration, alcohol volume percentage, and zinc/steel ratio were studied.

Findings

The relationship of turbulence and the rate of corrosion were found to fit the equation R=aRe 0.27. The presence of methyl alcohol in a saline water system decreased the rate of corrosion between 58 and 72 percent for a volume percentage of alcohol from 20 to 70 percent.

Originality/value

This paper explains the mechanism of galvanic corrosion for a zinc/steel cylinder couple in the turbulent region for saline water and saline water‐alcohol systems.
Executing profitable sales negotiations: selling value, not price
Authors: D'Andrea Ron
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To identify the keys to executing profitable sales negotiations based on analysis of the negotiation approaches of high‐performing salespeople.

Design/methodology/approach

BayGroup International (a leading global sales consultancy) conducted a research study involving 2,000 salespeople at all levels from Fortune 500 companies across a wide range of industries. Respondents participated in an actual buy‐sell negotiation. BayGroup collected and analyzed data on the negotiation approaches taken by study participants, and determined how the approaches taken by the sales professionals who negotiated the best agreements differed from others in the study.

Findings

BayGroup concluded that high performers raise their customers’ perception of value by using six fundamental strategies, summarized in the form of principles of sales negotiation. The paper not only describes the principles, but also reveals the unique, counterintuitive manner in which high‐performing salespeople plan and execute profitable sales strategy.

Practical implications

Owing to increasing pressure to improve earnings (and share prices), value‐based sales negotiation has become more critical than ever to corporate success. Use of the research conclusions and analysis from this article can provide useful guidance to sales professionals and their managers on how to execute more profitable customer agreements throughout the sales process.

Originality/value

The importance of “selling value, not price” has been fully embraced by the world's leading sales organizations, but effective approaches to implementing behavioral change in this area have been rare. This paper presents provocative findings that suggest new ways to approach this critical strategic challenge.
Management training: benefits and lost opportunities (part I)
Authors: Longenecker Clinton O. , Fink Laurence S.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

This paper explores the benefits of effective management training and consequences of ineffective training programs.

Design/methodology/approach

Seasoned managers (278) working in rapidly changing organizations were surveyed on issues related to management training.

Findings

Content analyses revealed a number of specific benefits associated with management training. Conversely, managers identified a series of problems caused by ineffective management training.

Research limitations/implications

Generalization of these findings to non‐rapidly changing organizations is unclear.

Practical implications

Findings suggest that the effectiveness of management training has a significant impact on managerial and organizational performance.

Originality/value

This paper voices the concerns and observations about managerial training from seasoned managers in rapidly changing organizations.
Six of the best
Authors: Landale Anthony
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To investigate practical methods of generating creative thinking in business. Includes De Bono's Six Thinking Hats approach.

Design/methodology/approach

To articulate issues and challenges, highlight some of the key techniques and how they work. Also to provide case study evidence to demonstrate measurable benefits of the techniques.

Findings

When creative thinking is applied it breaks through fixed thinking patterns but creativity also needs nurturing.

Practical implications

Simple techniques can generate new perspectives for people management and problem solving.

Originality/value

Stimulates management thinking.
Outreach programs beyond the immediate university community
Authors: Graham John‐Bauer
Published: February 2005

Purpose

Librarians at Jacksonville State University's (JSU) Houston Cole Library believe that an understanding and working relationship with the public outside the immediate university community is vital to the survival and continued success of the University and its library. This paper seeks to determine this.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was distributed to 26 public libraries in the counties surrounding JSU to see how the University Library could better serve the community.

Findings

The responses indicated that those living beyond the immediate community did in fact want the University Library to take a more active roll in the continuing education needs of the local public library's patrons and staff, in addition to their communities as a whole.

Originality/value

Provides evidence of the importance of relationship management for the library community.
Public library and nation building: the Nigerian experience
Authors: Emojorho Daniel
Published: February 2005

Purpose

This study seeks to evaluate the roles and effectiveness of public libraries in nation building in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, questionnaires were used to collect data from public libraries in Edo and Delta states.

Findings

The result of the study revealed that Nigerian public libraries are performing poorly virtually in most aspects due to appalling resources. Based on this, recommendations are made.

Practical implications

The Nigerian Government should establish adequately funded public libraries in the various rural and urban communities. There should be adequate and effective information technologies in the various public libraries and the libraries should embark on political and health awareness programmes.

Originality/value

It is undisputable that public libraries have good aims and if well operated will foster national development.
Measurement of burnout and the influence of background characteristics in Greek academic librarians
Authors: Togia Aspasia
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The purpose of the present study is to measure levels of burnout among Greek academic librarians and to assess its relation with certain background characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered to 136 academic librarians across Greece.

Findings

Findings suggested that respondents experienced low levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and moderate levels of personal accomplishment. Of the background characteristics, age, number of years as a librarian and participation in decision‐making were found to be independent of experienced burnout. Direct contact with library users seemed to enhance feelings of personal accomplishment. In addition, employees with short‐term contracts reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion in comparison to their colleagues holding lifetime positions.Research limitations/implications – Future research can focus on different types of libraries where the predominance of different organizational characteristics might have a different impact on individual burnout. Another direction for future research is the study of the specific job conditions that might contribute to burnout.

Originality/value

Provides valuable results concerning burnout among library professionals in Greece.
Continuing professional development and workplace learning 11
Authors: Smith Ian
Published: February 2005

Purpose

Aims to review the “people” aspect of organisational change.

Design/methodology/approach

Provides a concise review of the nature and impact of change.

Findings

Discusses the “people” aspect of organisational change and begins an exploration of the conundrum that people – the essential factor in successful organisational renewal – can also be the biggest obstacle to achieving change. Discusses the nature and impact of organisational change and outlines four key factors in managing the “people” aspect of that process.

Originality/value

This review is a useful source of information to help understand change management.
Procedural and distributive justice effects moderated by organizational identification
Authors: De Cremer David
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The purpose of the research was to test whether the widely known interaction between procedural and distributive justice influences cooperation, but only when employees’ identification with the organization is strong.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey study was conducted in a company, including scales assessing distributive justice, procedural justice, employees’ sense of organizational identification and willingness to cooperate.

Findings

The results showed that this interaction effect was only found among those with a strong sense of organizational identification. However, the pattern of this interaction was different from the pattern found in previous studies, that is, both high procedural and distributive justice was required to best predict cooperation.

Originality/value

These findings identify yet another important moderator of the interaction between distributive justice and procedural justice, but also show that because of the cognitive content of the measure of organizational identification, the shape of the interaction is different than the one predicted by prior research.
The role of gender and social class in work stress
Authors: Fotinatos‐Ventouratos Ritsa , Cooper Cary
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a large community wide survey on occupational stress.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected via a questionnaire, using a random sample of the general population in the north east region of England, UK. A total of 2,500 people completed questionnaires, which represented all socio‐economic groups.

Findings

The results of the bivariate analysis revealed significant differences in terms of physical and psychological wellbeing amongst the male and female sample. Multiple regression analysis provided evidence that the issue of job satisfaction is critical and different amongst both males and females and social class.

Originality/value

This research investigated the combined effects of both gender differences at work and social class in one given study, using one instrument, in one community setting. Recommendations for future research at the theoretical and practical level are given.
Positive affect and feedback‐giving behavior
Authors: Adams Susan M.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

New models of career management require individuals to harvest as much learning as possible from situations wherever and whenever feedback is possible. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of positive affect (liking) on feedback giving behavior since authors have suggested a potential bias but little empirical evidence exists on the topic.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 77 trainer‐trainee dyads in a formal field‐based training program over a 60‐day period. Additionally, critical incidents accounts of career setbacks were collected from MBA students and consulting clients.

Findings

Less positive and less specific feedback was reportedly given to liked individuals, compared to disliked individuals, when performance was not attributed to internal causes. Also, an interaction between performance level and affective relationship explained amounts of negative feedback received in low internal attribution group. Less liked trainees received similar amounts of negative feedback despite performance level, while more liked trainees received more negative feedback when performing poorly than when performing well. The qualitative data support quantitative findings and add insights into why liked individuals receive less feedback of the nature that can further enhance career development.

Practical implications

Liked individuals need to be especially vigilant in pursuing feedback necessary for personal development. Managers should be encouraged to monitor the amount of critical feedback given to liked and disliked employees. Specific suggestions are offered.

Research limitations/implications

Objective performance measures may not be available in other field settings. Even so, an objective performance assessment is what is needed to understand the full impact of positive affect on feedback giving behavior and subsequently, personal development.

Originality/value

Few studies regarding feedback giving behavior exist. The only previous study found that investigated the role of positive affect in feedback giving behavior was a lab study dealing only with poor performers. This field study shows how attributions interact with positive affect in feedback giving behavior while controlling for a natural range of performance. More importantly, this study adds a caveat to LMX findings about the advantages of a positive affective relationship.
The impact of a threatening e‐mail reprimand on the recipient's blood pressure
Authors: Taylor Howard , Fieldman George , Lahlou Saadi
Published: February 2005

Purpose

This article aims to describe the effects of the communication style of the message sender (threatening or neutral), status of the sender (equal to or higher than the recipient) and the power relationship between sender and recipient (from the same department or not) on the blood pressure of the recipient of an e‐mail message

Design/methodology/approach

The study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. The experiment was a mixed design, using both within and between subjects variables. The independent variable for the within subjects factor was the task that participants performed. There were three tasks: answering a questionnaire, reading a non‐threateningly worded e‐mail reprimand, and reading a threateningly worded e‐mail reprimand. Although the study used students as participants, the messages they received were from real people in a University College. Discusses the implications in the area of occupational health.

Findings

Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher (p<0.01) when recipients were reading the threateningly worded reprimand compared to reading a non‐threateningly worded reprimand. The effect of status on blood pressure was significant (p<0.05) but only for recipients in the same department as the message sender.

Originality/value

The results add to the evidence that communication style and status can have a direct impact on the recipient's physiological response.
Individuality, willingness to take risk, and use of a personal e‐card
Authors: Charbaji Abdulrazzak , Jannoun Souad E.L.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To address the issue of risk intention using personal e‐cards and to test the effect of the individuality of decision makers in the Lebanese context.

Design/methodology/approach

The data of this research were collected by means of personal interviews using questionnaire. The sample involved 197 managers from various industries. The researchers developed a discriminant function equation to investigate risk taking behavior in the use of e‐cards. The function classifies individuals into risk takers and non‐risk takers on the basis of their psychographics and demographic characteristics. Risk was measured using the risk‐assessment scenario developed by MacCrimmon and Wehrung. Risk intention was measured by asking: “What is the likelihood of your being willing, in the near future, to pay for items on the internet using a personal e‐card?”. Seven items were used to measure psychographics and lifestyle information. Factor analysis was used as a data‐reduction technique, followed by multiple regression analysis (discriminant function) to determine the relative importance of the independent variables.

Findings

The study demonstrated that, although respondents valued risk and were willing to take a chance, they did care about security. Further analysis showed that highly educated managers (university education) and Christians were slightly more willing to pay by e‐card on the internet than were less‐educated and Muslim managers.

Research limitations/implications

It has to be borne in mind that using dissimilar groups will make the validity of the procedure questionable. Replicating the same study under different conditions (different groups in Lebanon or outside Lebanon) will make prediction more reliable.

Practical implications

The discriminant analysis in this study has helped to explain the difference between risk taking and non‐risk‐taking managers in Lebanon.

Originality/value

This paper addresses a new issue about risk intention and offers practical explanation. It fulfils an identified need in the Literature. Lebanon is a small country with one of the most developed internet markets in the Arab world but Lebanese People hesitate to transfer money via the internet. The current study was therefore conducted to address the issue of risk intention using personal e‐cards and to test the effect of the individuality of decisionmakers in the Lebanese context.
25th IATUL Conference Report
Authors: Trussell Alice , Bhatt Jay
Published: February 2005

Gives an overview of the four main themes ‐ elements of library management, policy dilemmas with regard to traditional collection and e‐resources, public relations, and regional library co‐operation ‐ of the 25th conference of the International Association of Technical University Libraries held in Krakow, Poland at the end of May, 2004.
Gleanings from the 7th International Symposium on Electronic Thesis and Dissertations
Authors: Cox Fannie M. , Barbosa‐Jerez Mary
Published: February 2005

A report on the 7th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) and some of the sessions presented at the 2004 conference, which had the theme of “Distributing Knowledge Worldwide Through Better Scholarly Communication.”
North American Serials Interest Group (NASIG) Conference – Highlights
Authors: Skinner Debra , Oliver Marina , Del Baglivo Megan , Blake Linda
Published: February 2005

Reports on the major themes – linking electronic resources; electronic resources management; and accurate statistics management ‐ of the 2004 North American Serials Interest Group (NASIG) Conference, "Growth, Creativity, and Collaboration: Great Visions on a Great Lake," held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, June 2004. Topics covered include linking of library resources, making the most of usage statistics, and resolving breaches of licences.
Nigerian Library Association Annual Conference: “Libraries: Tools for Education and Development”
Authors: Okiy Rose B.
Published: February 2005

Provides an outline of the presentations at the National Conference and annual General Meeting of the Nigerian Library association, held in June 2004. The theme of the conference was "Libraries: tools for education and development".
Highlights from the 2004 American Library Association Annual Meeting
Authors: Wojewodzki Catherine , Breen Eileen , Crawford Gillian , Gordon Cary , Riggs Colby
Published: February 2005

Gives the highlights of the 2004 annual conference of the American Library Association (ALA) held in Orlando, Florida, in June 2004. These included differing viewpoints on publishing and licencing scholarly work and technology trends.
Saving Our Digital Heritage
Authors: McDonald Buffy
Published: February 2005

Digital information is exploding, being used for research, scientific, business, industrial, personal, and entertainment purposes. Notes that to preserve this new way of creating and storing information is extremely important.and suggests that advocacy in educating the public, designing best‐practice policies, and using various preservation techniques is necessary.
Interview with Esharenana E. Adomi
Authors: Gelfand Julia
Published: February 2005

An interview, conducted by e‐mail, with one of LHTN’s regional editors, Esharenana E. Adomi, who is on the staff of the Delta State University in Abraka, Nigeria. Gives an insight into his thoughts on the development of libraries and the library profession in Africa.
Dublin Core: An Obituary
Authors: Beall Jeffrey
Published: February 2005

The Dublin Core Metadata Standard was conceived illegitimately, had a troubled life, and has finally met its demise. Developed as a tool for online resource discovery, the standard waned after the arrival of Google. Because its fields were designed with a lack of specificity, Dublin Core suffered from nonstandard data elements and poor interoperability. Also, the poor organization behind the initiative contributed to its failure. Dublin Core will likely soon be replaced by an emerging standard, the Metadata Object Description Schema.
International Crimea Forum: The Eleventh Year Conference
Authors: Pavlova Nadezhda
Published: February 2005

Outlines the main topics of the Crimea Conference held in Sudack in June 2004. The theme of the 11th conference was “The role of libraries, publishers and information producers in the evolution of modern society.
In‐house Staff Training Programme at Delta State University Library, Abraka, Nigeria
Authors: Okiy Rose B.
Published: February 2005

This paper discusses a training programme organized for non‐professional and professional staff of the Delta State University Library, Abraka. Coming about twelve years after the University Library opened, it was obviously overdue as these categories of staff had started to display some shortfalls in the performance of their duties. These areas of shortfalls were identified and addressed through relevant paper presentations and demonstrations by competent professional librarians in the library. The areas are: circulation duties, shelving and shelf‐reading, collection development, reference and reserved book services, filing and card maintenance, cataloguing and classification, special collection services, computerization activities and library administration. The problems encountered in the course of the training include the limited ICT skills of most of the staff being trained. This slowed down the pace of the training on the computers Recommendations were made to encourage and improve on similar training programmes in future.
KVS – INFLIBNET In‐Service Training Programme for School Librarians on Library Automation, Networking and E‐Resources Management Organised by INFLIBNET Centre
Authors: Prakash K. , Hosamani H.G. , Murthy T.A.V.
Published: February 2005

Reports on a training programme – KVS ‐ INFLIBNET ‐ an in‐service training programme for school librarians on library automation, networking and e‐resources management. The course was of three weeks duration designed for kendriya vidyalaya school library professionals and held in mid 2004.
Information Portals: Knowledge Shopping on the Internet
Authors: Georgick Tamara
Published: February 2005

Outlines the WebJunction project from a Washington State Library perspective. The goal of the WebJunction project (which began with a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)) is to create a resource that provides sustainability for libraries that received training and equipment through the BMGF grant program.
Learning beyond the Classroom: Envisioning the Information Commons’ Future: Conference Report
Authors: Beagle Donald
Published: February 2005

Reports on the September 2004 conference "Learning beyond the classroom: envisioning the information commons’ future" held at the University of Southern California. The two‐day event overlapped USC’s 7th annual conference on Teaching and learning with technology (TLT), giving both librarians and faculty a unique opportunity to explore the collaborative agenda presented by new academic technologies.
Ethics of Electronic Information in the Twenty‐First Century 2004
Authors: Kawooya Dick
Published: February 2005

Outlines some of the presentations at the Electronic information in the 21st century (EEI21) symposium at the University of Memphis in October 2004. EEI21 is an internationally recognized ethics meeting attracting scholars, practitioners and students interested in a wide range of information ethics and related topics. The EEI21 tradition of thematic focus areas continued with intellectual property rights as the special topic for 2004.
Internet Use by Students of the University of Dar es Salaam
Authors: Luambano Ireneus , Nawe Julita
Published: February 2005

This paper is based on a Master’s dissertation whose objective was to determine the purpose for which students of the University of Dar es Salaam use the Internet (see www.udsm.ac.tz/). It was to determine if students were using the Internet for academic purposes. The study also investigated the level of students’ access to the Internet, as well as the problems students faced in Internet use. The web site has specific information on faculties, institutes, and departments, including training programmes. The Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) has been installed at the Main Campus and UCLAS libraries, replacing the manual card catalogues. The OPAC has simple and advanced search options, using ADLID software. Plans are underway to convert the manual catalogue of MUCHS library into an online catalogue. The survey method was used as the basic method for data collection, employing the questionnaire and the interview. Participant observation and focus group discussion are other methods used. The study revealed that the level of students’ access to the Internet was low, and the major reason was that at the time of the study, computers with Internet facilities were inadequate. The findings also revealed that the students who had access to the Internet were not using it effectively. They used it mainly for communication with friends and relatives more than for academic purposes. The cause of this was found to be lack of skills required for effective use of the internet. The study recommends the provision of more computers with Internet facilities, increasing Internet access speed, as well as providing more chances of training in Internet use.
Report of the Nigeria Education Trust Fund ICT Capacity Building Programme
Authors: Oghenevwogaga Adogbeji Benson
Published: February 2005

Provides a report on the progress of the Education Trust Fund (ETF) training programme in Nigeria, which originally started in 2002. The ETF training is an educative and skillful programme that is designed to build manpower.
Meeting New Challenges with New Technology: The Seattle Public Library Experience
Authors: Sheck Marilyn
Published: February 2005

Provides an outline of the incorporation of new technologies into Seattle library operations following the passing of a $196.4 million bond measure to renovate, expand, or replace the existing Central Library and 23 branches.
Around the World to an ELibrary in a Private University: Introducing Gladzor Management University
Authors: Harutyunyan Rafayel
Published: February 2005

Focuses on the formation of the first digital library in Armenian history opened in post Soviet times, the Gladzor Management University, in January 2004. Provides an overview of its areas of focus.
Effect of sewing and fusing of interlining on drape behaviour of suiting fabrics
Authors: Raj Sharma Kaushal , Behera B.K. , Roedel H. , Schenk Andrea
Published: February 2005

Purpose

Drape of the fabric is its ability to hang freely in graceful folds when some area of it is supported over a surface and the rest is unsupported. When two‐dimensional fabrics are converted to three‐dimensional garment forms, a number of operations are required which affect drape behaviour of the fabric while present in garment form. In the present study, the effect of sewing and fusing of interlining on drape behaviour of men's suiting fabrics is investigated.Design/methodology/approach – The effect of sewing and fusing of interlining on drape behaviour of men's suiting fabrics is investigated. Comparisons were also made between different stitches (chain stitch and lock stitch), different seams for lock stitch and different types of interlinings for their effect on drape behaviour of fabrics. In addition to drape coefficient and number of folds, a new drape parameter – average amplitude to average radius (A/r) ratio – was also defined and calculated for drape image geometry.Findings – Drape coefficient has a good to strong correlation with A/r ratio and number of folds for most of the shell, sewn and interlining fused fabrics except for a few cases. A/r defines image in a more descriptive manner than drape coefficient. Drape coefficient changes with the types of seams and stitches used, as well as with the interlining used.Originality/value – This paper provides information on the effects of sewing (seams and stitch types) and fused interlining on drape behaviour of men's suiting fabrics.
An interactive body model for individual pattern making
Authors: Cho Youngsook , Okada Naoko , Park Hyejun , Takatera Masayuki , Inui Shigeru , Shimizu Yoshio
Published: February 2005

Purpose

In order to mass‐customize clothes, it is essential to consider individual body shape using computerized 3D body models. This paper describes the development of an interactive body model that can be altered with individual body shape for the purpose of computerized pattern making.Design/methodology/approach – For altering perimeter and length for contouring individual body shapes, a cross‐sectional line model is proposed arranged at regular intervals. This model is easy for controlling body shape and also for calculating length and perimeters. Shape control lines (SCL) are used to modify the shape of the model in order to adjust the model to represent different body shapes. SCL are used to modify the perimeter of the cross‐sectional line by scaling method with different center position and scaling ratio in a horizontal direction.Findings – In order to investigate whether virtual body models can be adequately substituted for real physical models, the perimeter and cross‐section areas of shape control lines were compared, which resulted in an agreement ratio of over 93 percent. This fact supports the adaptability and potential usefulness of the body model.Originality/value – This research makes it possible for customers to modify the body model to match their own body shape during internet or catalogue shopping; it can also enable apparel manufacturers to communicate with their customers by describing the body model to fit on the screen while in the ordering process.
Prediction of men's shirt pattern based on 3D body measurements
Authors: Chan A.P. , Fan J. , Yu W.M.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The paper discusses the prediction of shirt patterns for different body sizes using multiple linear regression (MLR).Design/methodology/approach – A total of 29 pattern parameters from men's tailor‐made shirt and 34 body parameters obtained from a body scanner were designed for analysis. MLR has been applied to examine the underlying relationship between shirt pattern parameters and body measurements.Findings– Compared with formulae from the pattern expert, the prediction of shirt pattern from MLR has been improved.Originality/value – The findings could help to predict pattern size with different body sizes more accurately.
Evaluation of drape characteristics in fabrics
Authors: Kenkare Narahari , May‐Plumlee Traci
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To provide researchers with the details of developments in instruments to measure fabric drape and review the literature related to fabric drape.Design/methodology/approach – In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in investigating the aesthetic behavior of fabrics due to the developments in objective evaluation techniques. To understand drape behavior, it is essential to know how drape is measured quantitatively. This paper reviews research related to drape characteristics of fabrics, two‐dimensional instruments and analysis of drape by measuring stiffness, three‐dimensional instruments developed to measure drape, fabric mechanical properties and their influence on drape measurement, and the latest developments in the field including image analysis, the dynamic drape tester and other related research.Findings – Many instruments for measuring drape have been developed including the earliest that assessed stiffness of fabrics, later versions of drape meters and recent innovative instruments for capturing complex drape information. Even though extensive detail for simple geometric forms such as circles and squares can be provided by the newest methods, measurement of the drape characteristics of complex forms needs the consideration of researchers to extend the work on drape measurement to garments. It was also noted that there are some contradictory conclusions regarding the properties influencing fabric drape.Originality/value – This paper is offered as a concise reference for individuals beginning research in the area of fabric drape.
Controlling the sustainability of food supply chains
Authors: Hamprecht Jens , Corsten Daniel , Noll Manfred , Meier Evelyn
Published: February 2005

Purpose

For the food industry, the depletion of arable land and a growing world population demand controlling the sustainability of agricultural inputs to the industry. Controlling the sustainability of these supplies means controlling the economic, social, and environmental performance of the supply chain. In practice, little is known about how companies can efficiently extend their existing supply chain controls to cover these aspects. This paper tries to address this particular gap.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose a method for integrating controls of social and environmental performance in a supply chain controlling framework. This method is illustrated with case studies on Nestlé's food supply chains.

Findings

The case studies highlight why quality controls along the whole food supply chain are an import precondition for controlling sustainability.

Originality/value

This study is useful for the food industry in the control of sustainability of agricultural inputs to the industry.
Should an organisation join a purchasing group?
Authors: Nollet Jean , Beaulieu Martin
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The article deals with issues such as the size of a purchasing group, the types of benefits aimed for, and the real beneficiaries of purchasing groups.

Design/methodology/approach

The observations are based on the literature, as well as on interviews, mostly with Canadian and US health‐care managers.

Findings

Although often associated with the public sector, purchasing groups are also an alternative considered more and more by managers of the private sector. A purchasing group increases volume consolidation, making it possible to have only one negotiation, in order to increase the purchasing group members' power vis‐à‐vis that of its suppliers. However, a purchasing group also constitutes an additional link in the supply chain and its objectives could go contrary to those of some of its members. This is why organisations considering joining a purchasing group should analyse this option strategically, in order to assess correctly the potential long‐term benefits.

Originality/value

This article suggests key questions and an analytical framework to help managers assess the potential benefits and drawbacks of joining a purchase group.
Comparative analysis on value of information sharing in supply chains
Authors: Li Gang , Yan Hong , Wang Shouyang , Xia Yusen
Published: February 2005

Purpose

Information sharing is an important component of cooperation in supply chain management. However, it has long been debated whether there is value in information sharing, how large the value is, if any, and what factors affect it. The purpose of the paper lies in investigating these three issues by comparing and analyzing 12 information models in supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the above purpose, the paper first presents a general information‐sharing model in supply chains and characterizes three major factors in the model (objective, supply chain partnership constraint, information sharing constraint). Based on the general model, 12 representative models are selected from the literature and their relationship and distinctions are compared and analyzed.

Findings

By insights from comparative analysis of these representative models, the paper concludes that information sharing in supply chains is valuable. However, the value and affecting factors are dependent on analytical methods. It would be meaningless simply to compare the numerical values.

Practical implications

The framework developed in this paper provides a useful guidance for the practical managers in evaluating and measuring the value of information‐sharing strategies.

Originality/value

The paper critically reviews representative information‐sharing models in supply chains. This work is helpful in answering some questions that have been long debated in this area and in inspiring new endeavors to overcome the limitations of current research.
Use the supply relationship to develop lean and green suppliers
Authors: Simpson Dayna F. , Power Damien J.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between a supplier and firm's level of environmental management activity and the structure of the customer‐supplier manufacturing relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a conceptual framework and looks at the literature in order to investigate this relationship. Three main concepts (supply relationship, lean manufacturing, and environmental management practices) and their relationship to one another are described and the discussion concludes with major hypotheses for further research in this area.

Findings

A major literature review reveals that efforts to improve or influence a supplier's environmental management practice raises critical issues of transaction costs and efficacy of approach for the buyer. The review allowed development of a model for approaching issues of supplier environmental performance through lean supply.

Originality/value

The environmental performance of suppliers to the supply function can prove to be a costly endeavour if not managed correctly. The framework presented in this paper may be of use in this respect.
Communities of Competence: new resources in the workplace
Authors: Smith Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

This paper examines the ways social networks, socialization, self‐organizing systems, and systems thinking have influenced the gradual evolution of communities of practice into Communities of Competence.

Design/methodology/approach

Proposes a Community of Competence as a new framework and a methodology to describe, assess, and combine separate strengths and core competencies of individuals, groups, and organizations into a meaningful, goal‐oriented whole.

Findings

Decisions to assign people to work groups are seldom based on current, valid, reliable assessments of skills, abilities, and knowledge, or overall competence. Productivity, job satisfaction, and work quality can be improved when competencies and job requirements are closely matched to maximize job fit. Individual selection criteria, like self‐efficacy, achievement motivation, and emotional intelligence, and group process variables, like workload sharing, can enhance job placement. Members of a flexible, cohesive, goal‐driven Community of Competence will likely make better use of their unique and shared competencies, tacit and explicit knowledge, and experience in more effective and efficient ways than traditional forms of groups.

Originality/value

Helps in understanding that Communities of Competence, corporate universities, and enterprise academies, as dynamic learning organizations, are positive forces driving systemic organisational change.
The implementation and use of e‐learning in the corporate university
Authors: Macpherson Allan , Homan Gill , Wilkinson Krystal
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The use of e‐learning in corporate universities enables access and broadens the curriculum. This paper assesses the use and implementation of e‐learning through case material, and explores some of the challenges and emerging concerns.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews the corporate university concept and considers how an e‐learning pedagogy might contribute to its success. Three case reviews of e‐learning adoption within corporate universities in the UK are included.

Findings

The paper argues that if corporate universities do not incorporate both the pedagogical and learner preferences perspectives into their use of e‐learning, this will seriously devalue the training experience. It concludes that the advantages of an online pedagogy are not fully exploited due to limitations in technology and other strategic priorities. In addition, a number of lessons have been learned by the pioneers of corporate e‐learning, including the evolutionary nature of the programmes and the need to create “organisational readiness”.

Research limitations/implications

Further research into the views of learners in this debate is necessary.

Originality/value

Provides evidence of the potential of e‐learning as a key learning and development strategy within corporate universities.
Managing relationships of the republic of science and the kingdom of industry
Authors: Gomes Jorge F.S. , Hurmelinna Pia , Amaral Virgílio , Blomqvist Kirsimarja
Published: February 2005

Purpose

This article investigates the reasons for collaboration and the barriers to cooperation between universities and industry organizations. In an increasingly integrated world, cooperation between universities and companies is likely to grow in forthcoming years.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach taken in this article differs from previous works in the sense that it reveals the psychological frameworks that academics and managers hold about collaborating with each other. Data come from a survey of academic and managerial staff working in several universities and companies in Portugal and Finland.

Findings

Overall results show that academics still see companies as information sources for their researches, but they are also willing to participate in joint projects in which academic knowledge is not the sole output.

Originality/value

Provides information for companies and universities with regard to how to embark on such cooperative endeavors.
Organisational intelligence
Authors: Yolles Maurice
Published: February 2005

Purpose

Seeks to explore the notion of organisational intelligence as a simple extension of the notion of the idea of collective intelligence.

Design/methodology/approach

Discusses organisational intelligence using previous research, which includes the Purpose, Properties and Practice model of Dealtry, and the Viable Systems model.

Findings

The notion of organisational intelligence requires a metaphorically defined psychological frame of reference. In trying to formulate this metaphor, there has been a need to explore the collective from a psychological perspective. Applications of the notion of organisational intelligence operate in a variety of areas, and two of these are in organisational learning and managerial cybernetics. In the latter an interest lies in dealing with organisational pathologies, resulting in viable systems.

Originality/value

Addresses the need for developing organisational intelligence.