bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Mannheim’s Peritonitis Index in Prediction of Mortality in Patients with Non-traumatic Hollow Viscus Perforation Peritonitis
Authors: Shakya Vikal Chandra , Pangeni Anang , Karki Saurav , Sharma Lokesh Raj
Published: April 2021

Background: Hollow viscus perforation peritonitis is one of the commonest surgical emergencies with high mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mannheim’s peritonitis index in prediction of mortality in these patients.Methods: This is a retrospective, observational cohort study in these patients managed in a single-center from January 1, 2013 to December 30, 2019. Total index scores were plotted in the receiver operating characteristic curves to find out the cut-off point. Sensitivity, specificity, relative risk, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. The individual risk factors were analyzed for mortality as well.Results: Case records of 395 cases of non-traumatic hollow viscus perforation peritonitis were available, there were 33 mortalities (8.2%), mean score was 22.96 (+7.6) points (range 10-43 points). The sensitivity and specificity with score cut-off of 25 came to be 75.8% and 56.35%; positive and negative predictive value being 13.7% and 96.2%. Risk of patients for mortality with scores >25 was 3.62 times those with scores <25 for mortality. Mortality rate was 2.4% with scores <21, 8.9% with 21–29 and 20.9% with >29 respectively (p-value <0.05). Univariate analysis showed age >50 years, presence of organ dysfunction, diffuse peritonitis, non-colonic origin and character of exudates were significant factors; multivariate analysis showed only organ failure as significant.Conclusions: Mannheim peritonitis index is very useful in stratification of severity of the disease and prediction of mortality in patients with peritonitis, and should be included in management of all these patients.Keywords: Mannheim’s peritonitis index; perforation peritonitis
“Murs que parlen” y la Tarraco romana: experiencias y reflexiones sobre una incómoda relación
Authors: Cobacho Velasco Darío
Published: April 2021

La relación entre el patrimonio romano y el nuevo paisaje que generan las intervenciones artísticas en la ciudad arroja dudas y conflictos que siguen sin resolverse. La ciudad romana que se pretende mostrar con la profusión de “estéticas ruinosas” tampoco coincide con la imagen obtenida al analizar las muestras policromadas de los frescos y de la arquitectura de las domus. En este artículo se enumeran algunas de las muestras más conocidas y de las más desconocidas del patrimonio mural de Tarragona, poniendo en diálogo dos mundos que a priori pudieran parecer irreconciliables como son el arte urbano y el patrimonio.
Playful strategies in the pediatric hospitalization scenario
Authors: Souza Mariana Silva , Araújo Daniel Lopes , Machado Bruno Abilio da Silva , Alves Erik Bernardes Moreira , Mendonça Igor Mendes , Souza Cícero Santos , Eufrazino Júnior José , Mascarenhas José Marcos Fernandes , Pereira Kayco Damasceno , Melo Getulivan Alcantara de , Oliveira Maria Clara Souza , Ferreira Carla Michele Silva , Araujo Danielle dos Santos , Loures Leandro Luiz da Silva , Souza Neto Miguel Felix de , Nunes Graziele Ferreira , Gondim Josué Brito , Carvalho Millena Raimunda Martins de Almeida , Páiva Marcos Van Basten do Nascimento , Meneses Luana Nayra Coutinho de
Published: April 2021

Childhood is a phase of life that, for the most part, is symbolized by the act of playing. It is through this stage that the child has new skills, experiences, and discoveries. In addition, one can also notice the development of processes such as creativity, self-confidence, social-affective relationships, and cognition. However, some situations sometimes hinder the realization of processes that are essential for childhood, hospitalization being one of them. The study aims to know the playful strategies in the scenario of pediatric hospitalization, highlighting its benefits and importance in hospital humanization. This is an integrative review, carried out from articles collected from the Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, Medline and BDENF databases. The descriptors applied were "Child Health" AND "Play Therapy". The findings showed that play strategies are extremely important in the humanization of care for hospitalized children, as they reduce suffering and make hospitalization less painful and traumatic. It was concluded that playful strategies when implemented in the pediatric hospital setting promote a less traumatic recovery, in addition to allowing for greater tranquility in the hospital environment. Moreover, the use of playful strategies was pointed out by the studies as a communication resource that benefits not only the physical, emotional, and immunological stimuli, but also the relationship between the child and the health professional, thus contributing to a greater trust in the therapy adopted and in the multiprofessional team.
Karakter Nabi Ibrahim AS Dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Zaimudin  Zaimudin
Published: April 2021

This paper emphasizes the significance of character for human beings as a result of the process of education and of social interaction with the its environments. These environments may be physical or non-physical, including the environment of family, neighbors  and the environment of humans live. In addition, for Prophet Ibrâhîm as of course obtaining directions from God is more of a significant contribution in building the character of himself and his sons. This meaning is extracted from various verses of the Qur'an in a munasabah with an educational approachs. The characters of Prophet Ibrâhîm as in the Qur'an wich very useful for human beings these are: attitudes of obedient and submissive to God's command as a prerequisite for man to dedicate himself to his fellow human beings, his families, and to society at large on the basis of his devotion to God. The attitudes demand to dare to uphold truth and justice, to be brave in living and not afraid to fight for the right principles of life become very important. Being honest is a capital for moral development of the nation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a attitude of caring towards themselves and their environment. Patience attitud is always needed to improve the situation, as well as polite speech and speech are important to build and understand the root causes of these conditions. It is also necessary to build a curiousity attitude in order to generate critical power and depth of knowledge, thoroughly and thoroughly without forgetting the meaning of ikhlas for the sake of the pleasure of Allah. The attitudes of praying and tawakkal always become important in achieving success in world and hereafter.
Gaya Bahasa Amthāl Al-Qur’an
Authors: Hepni  Putra
Published: April 2021

Amthāl is one of the styles of conveying the messages of the Koran to all humans. Amthāl which is used in the Koran makes humans able to clearly visualize the material being discussed, while at the same time necessitating the nature or reality to be expressed manifest. Among the forms of amthal language style expressions used in the Koran are illustrating livestock. Livestock are one of the many animals that live side by side with human life. There is a close relationship between humans and animals that has been running for a long time, and both have an important role in world life, so it needs to be analyzed the relationship between the two represented by amthāl.
Argumentasi Penolakan Rasisme dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Mabrur
Published: April 2021

This article examines and analyzes the arguments for the rejection of the Al-Qur'an against acts or views of racism. To understand this, there are three very substantial and logical reasons for rejecting the action. First, the affirmation of the Al-Qur'an about the dignity of human dignity which is legitimized by God based on QS. Al-Isrā’ [17]: 70. Second, the arguments of the Al-Qur'an in QS. al-Ḥujurāt [49]: 13 concerning plurality as a necessity that demands mutual respect and respect for others. Third, the firm ultimatum of Al-Qur'an in QS. al-Ḥujurāt [49]: 11 on the prohibition of insulting and insulting one particular group.

To elaborate the arguments of the Qur'an, the researcher tries to analyze, understand and conclude with the maqashidi interpretive approach to explain the spirit, spirit and ideal-moral of the Qur'an as formulated by Abdul Mustaqim. Therefore, the assumption that is built is that the presence of the Al-Qur'an within the scope of human life is to create harm and prevent damage (mafsadat). With this step, leading to a concrete conclusion that the actions, attitudes or views of racism are a form of "arrogance" against plurality, on the other hand it is considered to be injurious to the principles of humanity that have been laid down by God.
Makna Al-Ḥamd dan Al-Syukr dalam Tafsir
Authors: ‘Uyuni Maesyaroh Eva
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the interpretation of the words al-ḥamd and al-syukr. The word al-ḥamd is commonly used in everyday life as a compliment or an expression of gratitude for the pleasure obtained, in Arabic the word ḥamd is equated with the words thanā`, madḥ, ni'ma, and syukr. but not found in the Al-Qur'an except the words ḥamd, syukr, and ni'ma. It is stated that in the Qur'an many words are mutarādif but in fact have their own connotations, referring to this, of course, contains different explanations both in terms of meaning and usage. Therefore, a special study through interpretation is needed because in the interpretation it is found that the two words are disputed. In analyzing these two words using the approach of the muqarran interpretation method on verses related to al-ḥamd and al-syukr in the Al-Qur'an which focuses on the views of al-Ṭabarī, al-Qurṭubī and ibn Kathīr. The aim that the writer wants to achieve in this study is the disclosure of al-ḥamd and al-syukr according to tafsir scholars.
Kinerja Jakarta Islamic Index Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun 2020
Authors: Syafaat Muhari
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dampak Covid-19 terhadap Kinerja Jakarta Islamic Index dengan membagi pengukuran menjadi tiga periode. Periode Desember 2019 – Februari 2020 yang merupakan periode dimana Covid-19 sudah muncul namun belum resmi diumumkan di Indonesia, Periode Kedua saat Maret 2020 – Mei 2020 saat Pandemi resmi diumumkan dan berlaku pembatasan Sosial Bersakal Besar (PSBB), dan periode Juni 2020 – Desember 2020 saat PSBB telah dilonggarkan. Lebih lanjut penelitian ini juga akan menguji bagaimana peramalan return harian saham-saham syariah saat terjadi pandemi dengan menggunakan pengukuran Simple Moving Average (SMA). Penelitian ini memberikan temuan bahwa pandemi covid-19 menyebabkan ketidakpastian diawal-awal terjadi infeksi global dan return harian saham-saham syariah mengalami pertumbuhan yang negatif sepanjang periode PSBB. Dengan diperlonggarnya PSBB maka peluang untuk terus mencatatkan pertumbuhan return harian yang positif semakin besar karena aktivitas ekonomi telah berjalan kembali. Temuan lain dalam penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pergerakan JII sedikit turun pada saat awal pemberlakuan PSBB namun terbukti tetap stabil dalam jangka menengan dan panjang.
Neurobiological aspects of depressive disorder and antidepressant treatment: role of glia
Authors: Páv M , Kovářů H , Fišerová A , Havrdová E , Lisá V
Published: April 2021

Depression is a complex disorder related to chronic inflammatory
processes, chronic stress changes and a hippocampal response.
There is a increasing knowledge about the role of glial cells in
nutrient supply to neurons, maintenance of synaptic contacts and
tissue homeostasis within the CNS. Glial cells, viewed in the past
as passive elements with a limited influence on neuronal
function, are becoming recognized as active partners of neurons
and are starting to be discussed as a possible therapeutic target.
Their role in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders is also
being reconsidered. Attention is devoted to studies of the
different types of antidepressants and their effects on
transmembrane signaling, including levels of α subunits of G
proteins in C6 glioma cells in vitro as a model of postsynaptic
changes in vivo. These models indicate similarities in
antidepressant effects on G proteins of brain cells and effector
cells of natural immunity, natural killers and granulocytes. Thus,
an antidepressant response can exhibit certain common
characteristics in functionally different systems which also
participate in disease pathogenesis. There are, however,
differences in the astrocyte G-protein responses to
antidepressant treatment, indicating that antidepressants differ in
their effect on glial signalization. Today mainstream approach to
neurobiological basis of depressive disorders and other mood
illnesses is linked to abnormalities in transmembrane signal
transduction via G-protein coupled receptors. Intracellular
signalization cascade modulation results in the activation of
transcription factors with subsequent increased production of a
wide array of products including growth factors and to changes in
cellular activity and reactivity.
The time-course of agonist-induced solubilization of trimeric Gqα/G11α proteins resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis
Authors: Durchánková D , Novotný J , Svoboda P
Published: April 2021

Prolonged agonist stimulation results in specific transfer of
activated Gα subunits of Gqα/G11α family from particulate
membrane fraction to soluble (cytosol) cell fraction isolated as
250 000 x g supernatant. In this study, we have used 2D
electrophoresis for more defined resolution of Gα subunits of
Gqα/G11α family and followed the time course of solubilization
effect. The small signal of soluble G proteins was already
detected in control, hormone-unexposed cells. Hormone
stimulation resulted in a slow but continuous increase of both
intensity and number of immunoreactive signals/spots of these G
proteins (10, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min). At longer times of
agonist exposure (>2 hours), a marked increase of Gqα/G11α
proteins was detected. The maximal level of soluble Gqα/G11α
proteins was reached after 16 hours of continuous agonist
exposure. At this time interval, eight individual immunoreactive
signals of Gqα/G11α proteins could be resolved. The relative
proportion among these spots was 15:42:10:11:7:7:2:5.
Solubilization of this class of Gα proteins was thus observed after
prolonged agonist stimulation only, induced by ultra high
concentration of hormone and in cells expressing a large number
of GPCRs. Our data therefore rather indicate tight/persisting
binding of Gqα/G11α proteins to the membrane.
Effect of somatostatin on repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage in pituitary adenoma cells GH3
Authors: Řezáčová M , Čáp J , Vokurková D , Lukášová E , Vávrová J , Cerman J , Mašín V , Mazánková N
Published: April 2021

Ionizing radiation and somatostatin analogues are used for
acromegaly treatment to achieve normalization or reduction of
growth hormone hypersecretion and tumor shrinkage. In this
study, we investigated a combination of somatostatin (SS14) with
ionizing radiation of 60Co and its effect on reparation of radiationinduced damage and cell death of somatomammotroph pituitary
cells GH3. Doses of γ-radiation 20-50 Gy were shown to inhibit
proliferation and induce apoptosis in GH3 cells regardless of
somatostatin presence. It has been found that the D0 value for
GH3 cells was 2.5 Gy. Somatostatin treatment increased
radiosensitivity of GH3 cells, so that D0 value decreased to 2.2 Gy.
We detected quick phosphorylation of histone H2A.X upon
irradiation by the dose 20 Gy and its colocalization with
phosphorylated protein Nbs-1 in the site of double strand break of
DNA (DSB). Number of DSB decreased significantly 24 h after
irradiation, however, clearly distinguished foci persisted, indicating
non repaired DSB, after irradiation alone or after combined
treatment by irradiation and SS14. We found that SS14 alone
triggers phosphorylation of Nbs1 (p-Nbs1), which correlates with
antiproliferative effect of SS14. Irradiation also increased the
presence of p-Nbs1. Most intensive phosphorylation of Nbs1 was
detected after combined treatment of irradiation and SS14. The
decrease of the number of the DSB foci 24 h after treatment shows
a significant capacity of repair systems of GH3 cells. In spite of this,
large number of unrepaired DSB persists for 24 h after the
treatment. We conclude that SS14 does not have a radioprotective
effect on somatomammotroph GH3 cells.
TITIK BERANGKAT STRATEGI KEAMANAN NASIONAL
Authors: Arayunedya Semy
Published: April 2021

Keamanan (security) dalam konteks politik negara dan hubungan internasional adalah sebuah konsep yang menawarkan jaminan di mana tiap warga negara, masyarakat, dan negara dapat hidup dalam keadaan aman. Konsep ini cukup kontroversial karena setidaknya memuat dua hal: fleksibilitas definisi ancaman (notion of threat) dan subjektivitas dari referent object (komunitas masyarakat atau negara) . Keduanya saling berkait. Ancaman dapat didefinisikan oleh referent object yang biasanya diperankan negara atau rezim pemerintah. Begitu ditentukan definisinya, negara mulai menggambarkan jenis dan skala ancaman terhadap teritori, kedaulatan, ideologi.
Literature Study: The Concept of Humanism Education according to Gus Dur Associated with Basic Education
Authors: Herlina Tika , Kamidjan Kamidjan , Fitra Raharja Hawwin
Published: April 2021

Education is used as a medium to improve skills, create character and build a dignified nation. In addition, the aim of education is to develop devotion to God Almighty and students so that they are able to become believers, healthy, noble, creative, responsive, knowledgeable, and make a society responsible and democratic so that they can humanize their fellow human beings. The flow of globalization has an impact on the existence of a human crisis of trust, characters, harmony, and morals. Humanism as proposed by KH. Abdurrahman Wahid, aimed to struggle the human values which are the benchmarks in humanism education. The aim of this research is to know the concept of humansim education according to KH. Abdurrahman Wahid who is associated in basic education. This type of research used was a library research. It is a research with data collection techniques conducted in the field (library). The data collection technique used was documentation, while the data analysis used was descriptive and hermeneutic methods. From the results, it can be concluded that humanism education based on KH Abdurrahman Wahid is the education of religious humanism, upholding human values on the basis of religion. There is an element to "humanize humans", developing all the skills that exist in humans intellectually and religiously without leaving the existing religious values. If it is related to basic education, it is very relevant because early planting of moral values, social ethics, tolerance, mutual respect, educating character to be humanist, fair in order to make a better life. So as to create students who have intellectual knowledge, humanism and religion and are useful for their nation and religion.
The Effectivity of Using Puppet Media for Students’ Tellingstory Skill
Authors: Rahmatilah Farihatul , Supratno Haris , Asmarani Ratih
Published: April 2021

The use of instructional media is a creative learning activity that students enjoy doing. The purpose of this study is to describe (1) the learning process of using hand puppet media of storytelling skills, (2) student responses on learning using hand puppet media, (3) the result of storytelling skills by using hand puppet media. The research is a qualitative and quantitative research design. Qualitative design is emphasizing more attention on a "process". For quantitative design is to determine the average value before and after learning. The sources are teachers, students, list of student names, the assessment results before implementation, class teacher identity, school profiles, lesson plans, syllabus, and theme books. The subjects are teachers and students, and the object is hand puppet media. The results showed that by using hand puppet media on storytelling at first and second meetings shows learning process runs effectively and is accordance with the teacher’s plan.. The results of questionnaire concluded a good response with an average score of 94.9%. The data from pre-test scores on learning I achieves 61.62. While the average score after learning process (post test) is 78.10. Through comparison of the average score on pre-test and post-test is increased by 16.48. Then, the data from post test scores on learning II is 80. Through comparison of the score at the first and second meeting is increased by 1.9. Based on the results, it can be concluded that hand puppet media can be used as an appropriate source of learning for storytelling skills in elementary schools.
Indonesian Language Learning with Structural Analitic Sintetic (Sas) Method for 1st Grade Student in Brilliant Integrated Islamic Elementary School of Mojoagung
Authors: Alifah Faridahtul , Supratno Haris , Dwi Rochmania Desty
Published: April 2021

The focus in this research is learning Indonesian with Synthetic Analytical Structural (SAS) method. The main purpose of this research was to improve participant’s knowledge about Indonesian with SAS method. It used pretest and posttest to know the effect of SAS method in learning Indonesian and use the result as the main indicator. It used quantitative and qualitative research design. The subject of this research is the first grade students and teachers of SDIT Brilliant, Mojoagung, Jombang joining. There were two meetings conducted. The instruments used in each meetings was consisted of observation sheet of participants activity, study record, interview, and documentation. The researh showed that there was a significant effect of using SAS method to learn Indonesian on Tematic 5, subtheme 1, at the second meeting. It is shown from the pretest which get 70,2%, categorized as enough and the posttest get 85,8%, categorized as excellent. Based on the data, it can be concluded that learning Indonesian with SAS method have a good impact on students performance and it is proven with the good score as the outcomes. Keywords : Indonesian subjects, Synthetic Analytical Structural (SAS) method.
Reading Skill Result Of Grade Ii Students By Using Tgt Model At Indonesian Language Lesson
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Pairin M. Basir Udjang , Yunita Rahma Pratiwi Emy
Published: April 2021

The background of this research is the ability of students' reading skill carried out at Jarak III Elementary School of Wonosalam Jombang, which is less than perfect in learning. It is due to the limited knowledge of teachers in carrying out the learning system by using many kinds of learning models. Meanwhile, the learning model the teachers apply is only the lecturing and assignments model. Besides, its limitations is the lack of the existing media. This research is a qualitative research. It consists of several aspects of treatment and observations aimed at improving the eading skills through the Team Games Tournament (TGT) model for grade II at Jarak III Elementary School of Wonosalam Jombang. This research was conducted at Jarak III Elementary School of Wonosalam Jombang, which involved 17 students consisting of 8 boys and 9 girls who were registered in the 2018/2019 academic year. This study used a descriptive research design. The results showed that the first pre-test got 70.2% of the average results that did not meet the minimum completeness criteria (KKM). After the learning was carried out using the Team Games Tournament (TGT) model, the post test average score of students increased to 85.8%. This average has shown that it meets the minimum completeness criteria (KKM). Thus it can be concluded that learning reading skills with the Team Games Tournament (TGT) model can improve students' reading skills in grade II of Jarak III Elementary School of Wonosalam Jombang.
The Application of Role Play Model in Social Learning in Kedawong Public Elementary School in Jombang
Authors: Rizqiyah Ayu , Kamidjan  , Wiyadi Heru
Published: April 2021

Role Play Model is a way of mastering teaching materials through the development of imagination and appreciation of students by playing as a character. The purpose of this study was to describe (1) the learning process of the Role Play model in social learning of grade 5 in Kedawong Public Elementary School in Jombang for the  academic year of 2019/2020 (2) the results of social learning of grade 5 in Kedawong Public Elementary School in Jombang for the  academic year of 2019/2020, and (3) the students' responses after learning the Role Play model in social learning of grade 5 in Kedawong Public Elementary School in Jombang for the  academic year of 2019/2020. This research design is applied research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The sources of data obtained came from teacher and students of grade 5, and the school principal of the school. The subjects population were the fifth grade students. The object study was the application of role play model. Based on the results of research in the application of role play models from the first to third meeting shows that the learning process runs well and effectively. The student learning outcomes data showed that after being given the Role Play model, the student learning outcomes have increased at each meeting.
RANCANG BANGUN SPWM INVERTER 3 FASA DAYA KECIL METODE SKALAR
Authors: Muhamad Rifa’i  , Eka Mandayatma  , Fathoni
Published: April 2021

Penggunaan motor induksi sebagai penggerak variabel di industri semakin luas dan penting. Motor induksi mulai menggantikan motor DC sebagai penggerak variabel. Kelebihan pada efisiensi, harga, dan perawatan dibandingkan dengan motor DC membuat motor induksi lebih disukai di industri. Kelemahan motor induksi hanya terletak pada pengaturan kecepatan yang relatif lebih sulit dibandingkan dengan motor DC. Inverter satu fasa digunakan untuk mengubah tegangan jenis DC menjadi tegangan AC agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan listrik pada rumah tangga. Inverter dalam penelitian ini dirancang menggu-nakan penyulutan Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM). SPWM di bangkitkan melalui IC monolithic MC3PHAC. Daya keluaran inverter di monitoring melalui tampilan LCD melalui refrensi sensor arus dan sensor tegangan. Dari hasil pengujian inverter SPWM fasa menggunakan beban sebesar 750 Watt, arus yang dihasilkan sebesar 4,8 A dengan tegangan 220 Volt, dan frekuensi 50 Hz. Efisiensi dari pengujian inverter SPWM satu fasa sebesar 83,3% dengan presentase eror sebesar 14%.
ANALISIS SISTEM KONTROL KECEPATAN PUTAR MOTOR MENGGUNAKAN METODE PID PADA ALAT PENGADUK SIRUP MANGGA
Authors: Bambang Priyadi
Published: April 2021

Abstrak – Pengadukan sirup mangga adalah sebuah proses yang dilakukan untuk melakukan percampuran antara air, sari buah mangga dan gula pasir. Proses agitasi (pengadukan) merupakan faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam proses pembuatan sirup mangga. Pengadukan berfungsi untuk mencampur bahan pembuat sirup dan menjaga agar gula pasir tidak mengendap di bawah dan meratakan temperature pada tangki pengaduk sirup mangga. Oleh karena itu pemilihan jenis pengaduk dan kecepatan pengaduk yang tepat diharapkan dapat menunjang fungsi pengadukan sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil kwalitas sirup mangga. Sistem pengontrol kecepatan putaran motor ini menjaga agar kecepatan putaran motor tetap stabil pada perubahan kondisi viskositas medium. Mikrokontroler yang digunakan Atmega 8535. Sensor yang mendeteksi kecepatan putaran motor rotary encoder. Kontrol yang digunakan pada sistem pengontrolan kecepatan motor menggunakan PID untuk menjaga kestabilan kecepatan putaran motor dc. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah kecepatan pengadukan yang efektif dan efisien, penyesuaian kecepatan pengadukan sirup mangga yang tepat dapat menjaga kondisi sirup lebih tahan lama. Pengontrol kecepatan putaran motor ini mampu mengatur putaran pengadukan yang stabil pada perubahan kondisi kekentalan sirup mangga dengan sistem control didalamnya, sehingga kecepatan pengadukan yang konstan dapat menyebabkan percampuran sari buah mangga, air dan gula menyebar secara cepat dan merata. Hasil dari skripsi ini diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan – permasalahan yang ada
PENGEMBANGAN VIRTUAL REALITY SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PENGENALAN HEWAN MENGGUNAKAN AFRAME
Authors: Dimas Wahyu Wibowo  , Eka Larasati A  , Ridwan Rismanto
Published: April 2021

Pada awal sejarah pendidikan, guru adalah satu-satunya sumber untuk memperoleh ilmu atau pelajaran. Dalam perkembangannya selanjutnya, sumber belajar atau ilmu bertambah dengan adanya buku. Tetapi dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi pembelajaran tidak lagi terikat sebatas guru dan buku. Teknologi pembelajaran dapat berupa visual dan audio sedangkan untuk penerapan teknologi ini dapat berupa Virtual Reality atau Augmented Reality. Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi ini diharapkan menambah keminatan siswa untuk memperhatikan mata pelajaran tertentu. Karena dengan penerapan pembejaran tepat dapat membuat suasana kelas maupun kualitas siswa untuk menerima ilmu semakin baik. Pada beberapa tahun ini perkembangan javascript mulai meningkat salah satunya adalah A-frame. A-frame adalah sebuah web framework yang dibangun menggunakan kerangka three.js sehingga memungkinkan para developer untuk membangun virtual reality menggunakan web browser. Pada penelitian ini peneliti akan menerapkan web framewok A-frame ini untuk membuat sebuah aplikasi virtual reality sebagai media pembelajaran pengenalan hewan.
PEMANFAATAN SENAYAN LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SLiMS) PADA SISTEM SIRKULASI PERPUSTAKAAN POLITEKNIK NEGERI MALANG
Authors: Safrilia Hilda Rosyida  , Dewi Anggraeni
Published: April 2021

Aplikasi SLiMS sendiri merupakan sebuah aplikasi sistem informasi perpustakaan yang sudah tersebar luar hampir diseluruh Indonesia baik untuk perpustakaan instansi pendidikan maupun komersial. Penggunaan aplikasi tersebut didukung oleh adanya sebuat komunitas yang tersebar hampir dieluruh Indonesia dengan kegiatan yang cukup rutin sehingga ketika ada permasalahan yang ada pada aplikasi ini dapat terpecahkan serta info-info terbaru dari aplikasi ini dapat tersalurkan dengan baik. Kemampuan kinerja SLiMS yang diterapkan di perpustakaan Polinema khususnya bagian sirkulasi dapat meningkatkan mutu serta kualitas perpustakaan secara keseluruhan dikarenakan layanan sirkulasi yang baik merupakan salah satu indikator kinerja dari perpustakaan Polinema. Kegiatan pada layanan sirekulasi antara lain yaitu peminjaman, pengembalian serta perpanjangan. Ketiga hal tersebutlah yang selama ini dilakukan oleh pemustaka di perpustakaan secara umum sehingga mempunyai daya dukung terhadap tingkat kunjungan pemustaka ke perpustakaan. Oleh sebab itu dengan aplikasi SLiMS diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas mutu layanan pada bagian tersebut
PENGARUH BERBAGAI MACAM PACKING KOLOM TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR KEBUTUHAN BOILER (STUDI KASUS PADA ALAT ION EXCHANGER SISTEM BATCH DAN KONTINYU)
Authors: Zulriadi  , Prayogo Danardono
Published: April 2021

Pertukaran ion dapat berlangsung antara dua elektrolit atau antara suatu larutan elektrolit dengan sebuah komplek. Biasanya istilah ini mengacu kepada proses pemurnian, pemisahan, dan dekontaminasi larutan dengan penukar ion padat yang bersifat polimerik atau mineralik. Benda yang b iasa digunakann untuk melakukan pertukaran ion adalah resin penukar ion, zeolit, karbon aktif, tanah liat, dan humus tanah. Pertukaran ion merupakan reaksi dua arah dan penukar ion dapat diregenerasi atau dimuat dengan ion yang dinginkan dengan cara membasuhnya dengan kelebihan ion tersebut. Pertukaran ion melibatkan butiran butiran resin dengan permukaan yang bermuatan positif (kation) dan negatif (anion). Biasanya resin –resin tersebut memiliki pori – pori kecil untuk menambah luas permukaan kontak. Lama waktu kontak juga mempengaruhi dari hasil dari kesadahan air yang diperoleh. Maka dari itu perlu dicari waktu optimum isian kolom untuk kontak dengan air yang dimurnikan.
Folliculin: A Regulator of Transcription Through AMPK and mTOR Signaling Pathways
Authors: Ramirez Reyes Josué M. J. , Cuesta Rafael , Pause Arnim
Published: April 2021

Folliculin (FLCN) is a tumor suppressor gene responsible for the inherited Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, which affects kidneys, skin and lungs. FLCN is a highly conserved protein that forms a complex with folliculin interacting proteins 1 and 2 (FNIP1/2). Although its sequence does not show homology to known functional domains, structural studies have determined a role of FLCN as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for small GTPases such as Rag GTPases. FLCN GAP activity on the Rags is required for the recruitment of mTORC1 and the transcriptional factors TFEB and TFE3 on the lysosome, where mTORC1 phosphorylates and inactivates these factors. TFEB/TFE3 are master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis and function, and autophagy. By this mechanism, FLCN/FNIP complex participates in the control of metabolic processes. AMPK, a key regulator of catabolism, interacts with FLCN/FNIP complex. FLCN loss results in constitutive activation of AMPK, which suggests an additional mechanism by which FLCN/FNIP may control metabolism. AMPK regulates the expression and activity of the transcriptional cofactors PGC1α/β, implicated in the control of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the interplay between mTORC1, FLCN/FNIP, and AMPK and their implications in the control of cellular homeostasis through the transcriptional activity of TFEB/TFE3 and PGC1α/β. Other pathways and cellular processes regulated by FLCN will be briefly discussed.
Mycobacterium abscessus complex: A Review of Recent Developments in an Emerging Pathogen
Authors: Victoria Laura , Gupta Amolika , Gómez Jose Luis , Robledo Jaime
Published: April 2021

Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) is one of the most clinically relevant species among nontuberculous mycobacteria. MABC’s prevalence has increased over the last two decades. Although these changes can be explained by improvements in microbiological and molecular techniques for identifying species and subspecies, a higher prevalence of chronic lung diseases may contribute to higher rates of MABC. High rates of antimicrobial resistance are seen in MABC, and patients experience multiple relapses with low cure rates. This review aims to integrate existing knowledge about MABC epidemiology, microbiological identification and familiarize readers with molecular mechanisms of resistance and therapeutic options for pulmonary infections with MABC.
Determining Region Boundaries of Critical Commutation Failures in Multi-Infeed HVDC Systems Under Unbalanced Short Circuit Faults
Authors: Li Guoqing , Zhang Song , Li Shuguang , Liu Xianchao , Liu Xintong
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a region boundaries determination method for critical commutation failures (CF) in multi-infeed high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems under unbalanced short circuit faults. By using the nodal impedance matrix, a calculation approach for the converter extinction angles is deduced. First, the extinction angles under unbalanced short circuit faults are calculated. If the extinction angle of a bus is less than the minimum extinction angle, the bus is a failed bus set. By this means, region boundaries of critical commutation failures are demarcated by examining each bus in the AC system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach was verified by using a modified IEEE 39-bus system.
Genetic Susceptibility to Drug Teratogenicity: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Gomes Julia do Amaral , Olstad Emilie Willoch , Kowalski Thayne Woycinck , Gervin Kristina , Vianna Fernanda Sales Luiz , Schüler-Faccini Lavínia , Nordeng Hedvig Marie Egeland
Published: April 2021

Since the 1960s, drugs have been known to cause teratogenic effects in humans. Such teratogenicity has been postulated to be influenced by genetics. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the current knowledge on genetic susceptibility to drug teratogenicity in humans and reflect on future directions within the field of genetic teratology. We focused on 12 drugs and drug classes with evidence of teratogenic action, as well as 29 drugs and drug classes with conflicting evidence of fetal safety in humans. An extensive literature search was performed in the PubMed and EMBASE databases using terms related to the drugs of interest, congenital anomalies and fetal development abnormalities, and genetic variation and susceptibility. A total of 29 studies were included in the final data extraction. The eligible studies were published between 1999 and 2020 in 10 different countries, and comprised 28 candidate gene and 1 whole-exome sequencing studies. The sample sizes ranged from 20 to 9,774 individuals. Several drugs were investigated, including antidepressants (nine studies), thalidomide (seven studies), antiepileptic drugs (five studies), glucocorticoids (four studies), acetaminophen (two studies), and sex hormones (estrogens, one study; 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate, one study). The main neonatal phenotypic outcomes included perinatal complications, cardiovascular congenital anomalies, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The review demonstrated that studies on genetic teratology are generally small, heterogeneous, and exhibit inconsistent results. The most convincing findings were genetic variants inSLC6A4, MTHFR, andNR3C1, which were associated with drug teratogenicity by antidepressants, antiepileptics, and glucocorticoids, respectively. Notably, this review demonstrated the large knowledge gap regarding genetic susceptibility to drug teratogenicity, emphasizing the need for further efforts in the field. Future studies may be improved by increasing the sample size and applying genome-wide approaches to promote the interpretation of results. Such studies could support the clinical implementation of genetic screening to provide safer drug use in pregnant women in need of drugs.
Identification and Validation of a Novel RNA-Binding Protein-Related Gene-Based Prognostic Model for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Shi-wen , Zhu Xia-yin , Guo Qun-yi , Zhu Min , Mao Xin-li , Chen Ya-Hong , Li Shao-wei , Luo Wen-da
Published: April 2021

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematopoietic disease that is usually incurable. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are involved in the development of many tumors, but their prognostic significance has not been systematically described in MM. Here, we developed a prognostic signature based on eight RBP-related genes to distinguish MM cohorts with different prognoses.

Method

After screening the differentially expressed RBPs, univariate Cox regression was performed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of each gene using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) dataset. Lasso and stepwise Cox regressions were used to establish a risk prediction model through the training set, and they were validated in three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. We developed a signature based on eight RBP-related genes, which could classify MM patients into high- and low-score groups. The predictive ability was evaluated using bioinformatics methods. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and gene set enrichment analyses were performed to identify potentially significant biological processes (BPs) in MM.

Result

The prognostic signature performed well in the TCGA-MMRF dataset. The signature includes eight hub genes: HNRNPC, RPLP2, SNRPB, EXOSC8, RARS2, MRPS31, ZC3H6, and DROSHA. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the prognosis of the risk status showed significant differences. A nomogram was constructed with age; B2M, LDH, and ALB levels; and risk status as prognostic parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, C-index, calibration analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the risk module and nomogram performed well in 1, 3, 5, and 7-year overall survival (OS). Functional analysis suggested that the spliceosome pathway may be a major pathway by which RBPs are involved in myeloma development. Moreover, our signature can improve on the R-International Staging System (ISS)/ISS scoring system (especially for stage II), which may have guiding significance for the future.

Conclusion

We constructed and verified the 8-RBP signature, which can effectively predict the prognosis of myeloma patients, and suggested that RBPs are promising biomarkers for MM.
Tumor-Intrinsic Mechanisms Regulating Immune Exclusion in Liver Cancers
Authors: Lindblad Katherine E. , Ruiz de Galarreta Marina , Lujambio Amaia
Published: April 2021

Representing the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, liver cancers constitute a major global health concern. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent type of liver cancer, is associated with dismal survival outcomes and has traditionally had few treatment options available. In fact, up until 2017, treatment options for advanced HCC were restricted to broad acting tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including Sorafenib, which has been the standard of care for over a decade. Since 2017, a multitude of mono- and combination immunotherapies that include pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilumumab, atezolizumab, and bevacizumab have been FDA-approved for the treatment of advanced HCC with unprecedented response rates ranging from 20 to 30% of patients. However, this also means that ~70% of patients do not respond to this treatment and currently very little is known regarding mechanisms of action of these immunotherapies as well as predictors of response to facilitate patient stratification. With the recent success of immunotherapies in HCC, there is a pressing need to understand mechanisms of tumor immune evasion and resistance to these immunotherapies in order to identify biomarkers of resistance or response. This will enable better patient stratification as well as the rational design of combination immunotherapies to restore sensitivity in resistant patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge to date of tumor-intrinsic mechanisms of immune escape in liver cancer, specifically in the context of HCC.
PLAN-M; Mycobacteriophage Endolysins Fused to Biodegradable Nanobeads Mitigate Mycobacterial Growth in Liquid and on Surfaces
Authors: Davies Courtney G. , Reilly Kerri , Altermann Eric , Hendrickson Heather L.
Published: April 2021

The Mycobacteria are a genus of Actinobacteria that include human pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). Active TB disease can spread by airborne transmission to healthcare workers and to their community. The HHMI SEA-PHAGES program has contributed to discovering bacteriophages that are able to infect M. smegmatis MC2 155, a close relative of M. tuberculosis. This collection of diverse Mycobacteriophages is an excellent resource for trialling bacteriophage-sourced enzymes in novel applications. Herein we measured the ability Mycobacteriophage endolysins to lyse their host strain when functionally fused to biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanobeads. PHA nanobeads facilitate both the expression and the application of enzymes to surfaces and have been demonstrated to stabilize a wide array of proteins for practical applications whilst eliminating the challenges of traditional protein purification. We selected two Lysin A and six Lysin B homologs to be functionally fused to the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase C (PhaC). Expression of these constructs resulted in functional lysins displayed on the surface of PHA nanobeads. The lysins thus directionally displayed on nanobeads lysed up to 79% of the M. smegmatis MC2 155 population using 80 mg/mL of nanobeads in pure culture. In order to determine whether the nanobeads would be effective as a protective layer in PPE we adapted a fabric-based test and observed a maximum of 1 log loss of the cell population after 5 h of exposure on a textile (91% cell lysis). Lysin B enzymes performed better than the Lysin A enzymes as a protective barrier on textiles surface assays. These results suggest that bacterial endolysins are efficient in their action when displayed on PHA nanobeads and can cause significant population mortality in as little as 45 min. Our results provide the proof-of-principle that Mycobacteriophage endolysins can be used on functionalized nanobeads where they can protect surfaces such as personal protective equipment (PPE) that routinely come into contact with aerosolised bacteria.
A Novel Laboratory-Scale Mesocosm Setup to Study Methane Emission Mitigation by Sphagnum Mosses and Associated Methanotrophs
Authors: Kox Martine A. R. , Smolders Alfons J. P. , Speth Daan R. , Lamers Leon P. M. , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Jetten Mike S. M. , van Kessel Maartje A. H. J.
Published: April 2021

Degraded peatlands are often rewetted to prevent oxidation of the peat, which reduces CO2 emission. However, the created anoxic conditions will boost methane (CH4) production and thus emission. Here, we show that submerged Sphagnum peat mosses in rewetted-submerged peatlands can reduce CH4 emission from peatlands with 93%. We were able to mimic the field situation in the laboratory by using a novel mesocosm set-up. By combining these with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and qPCR analysis of the pmoA and mmoX genes, we showed that submerged Sphagnum mosses act as a niche for CH4 oxidizing bacteria. The tight association between Sphagnum peat mosses and methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB) significantly reduces CH4 emissions by peatlands and can be studied in more detail in the mesocosm setup developed in this study.
An Overview of Venous Abnormalities Related to the Development of Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Haacke E. Mark , Ge Yulin , Sethi Sean K. , Buch Sagar , Zamboni Paolo
Published: April 2021

The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is currently understood to be autoimmune. However, there is a long history and growing evidence for disrupted vasculature and flow within the disease pathology. A broad review of the literature related to vascular effects in MS revealed a suggestive role for abnormal flow in the medullary vein system. Evidence for venous involvement in multiple sclerosis dates back to the early pathological work by Charcot and Bourneville, in the mid-nineteenth century. Pioneering work by Adams in the 1980s demonstrated vasculitis within the walls of veins and venules proximal to active MS lesions. And more recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to show manifestations of the central vein as a precursor to the development of new MS lesions, and high-resolution MRI using Ferumoxytol has been used to reveal the microvasculature that has previously only been demonstrated in cadaver brains. Both approaches may shed new light into the structural changes occurring in MS lesions. The material covered in this review shows that multiple pathophysiological events may occur sequentially, in parallel, or in a vicious circle which include: endothelial damage, venous collagenosis and fibrin deposition, loss of vessel compliance, venous hypertension, perfusion reduction followed by ischemia, medullary vein dilation and local vascular remodeling. We come to the conclusion that a potential source of MS lesions is due to locally disrupted flow which in turn leads to remodeling of the medullary veins followed by endothelial damage with the subsequent escape of glial cells, cytokines, etc. These ultimately lead to the cascade of inflammatory and demyelinating events which ensue in the course of the disease.