bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Side effects-part of the package” – A mixed methods approach to adverse events among patients with DR-TB under RNTCP Gujarat, India
Authors: Jakasania Arjunkumar Hardas , Shringarpure Kalpita , Kapadia Dixit , Sharma Radhika , Mehta Kedar , Prajapati Arpit , Kathirvel Soundappan
Published: July 2019

Background: Unsuccessful treatment outcomes among patients with drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) are due to high rates of adverse events (AEs). However, information related to AEs is not systematically collected and managed under programmatic setting. The present study assessed the a) incidence and pattern of adverse events in first three months of DR-TB treatment initiation; b) treatment seeking behaviour for AE management; and c) explore the challenges in seeking treatment and reporting AEs. Methods: This mixed methods study included all patients diagnosed and initiated on treatment under RNTCP during July-September 2018 at Ahmedabad DR-TB centre. The patients were interviewed telephonically and assessed for all AEs experienced by them. In-depth interviews and key-informant interviews were conducted among patients, DOTS supervisors and programme staffs (treatment supervisors, medical officer and district program manager). Results: A total 207 AEs were reported by the 74 DR-TB patients. All patients experienced at least one AE during initial treatment period. Incidence rate of AEs (experienced) was 3.11 (1st month-4.6, 2nd month-2.7, 3rd month-2.02) per 100 person days. Of the 207 AEs, gastro-intestinal (59, 28.3%), ophthalmic (32, 15.4%) and otolaryngology (25, 11.9%) system related AEs were commonly experienced. Treatment was not sought in two-fifths of the AEs. Themes and subthemes related to challenges in treatment seeking or reporting of AEs were 1) Patient related-Misconceptions, accessibility and affordability of management, lack of counselling support, stigma and discrimination, and past treatment experience; 2) Health system related- lack of guideline and training for AE management, and poor coordination between hospital and tuberculosis centre. Conclusion: The incidence of AEs was high among patients with DR-TB in the first three months of treatment and treatment seeking/reporting was low. Adequate health education and counselling of the patient and orientation of the health systems are the need of the hour. An efficient real-time reporting and management of AE can be developed and tested for effective DR-TB control.
Barriers to epilepsy care in central Uganda, a qualitative interview and focus group study involving PLWE and their caregivers
Authors: Kaddumukasa Mark , Nalubwama Haddy , Kaddumukasa Martin N , Lhatoo Samden , Sewankambo Nelson , Katabira Elly , Sajatovic Martha , Blixen Carol
Published: July 2019

Background

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease with substantial impact on the subject and their caretakers. This exploratory study identified barriers to care for persons living with epilepsy (PLWE) to develop a culturally acceptable nurse led self-management intervention for PLWE previously developed in the United States.

Methods

The study involving 48 participants (31 PLWE and 17 caregivers) with in depth interviews and focus groups was conducted. We obtained insights into barriers to care in PLWE and their caregivers. Using a thematic analytic procedure emphasizing the dominant themes the qualitative responses were analyzed. Median age of PLWE was 24 years (IQR 19–30), and10 (52.6%) were male. The median age of epilepsy onset was 12 years (IQR 6 – 18), range of 1 -37 years. The median age of caregivers was 50 years (IQR 45 – 50.5), with a range of 18 -78 years. Seventy five percent of caregivers (6/8) were females.

Results

Three major areas of perceived barriers involving individual, family or community and provider and healthcare system barriers to epilepsy care emerged. Individual factors like limited epilepsy knowledge and medication non-adherence were reported to be key barriers to epilepsy care. Caregiver burden and lack of family support as well as poor health care access were identified from the family and health care systems.

Conclusions

The main barrier to epilepsy care is limited epilepsy knowledge in PLWE and their caregivers. Improving epilepsy care awareness and knowledge within communities and appropriate health care provider service for epilepsy would help reduce epilepsy barriers and improve care.
Evaluation of comparative efficacy of Guda Sunthi and Manjistha Guggulu Avapeedana Nasya in Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylitis)
Authors: Akki Manjunath , Hakkandi Suresh , Panwar Arti
Published: July 2019

Manyastambha is described under Nanatmaja Vatavyadhi. It is a condition where, the aggravated Vata get localized in the Manya Pradesha causing symptoms like Stambha and Shoola. Manyastambha can be compared with earliest symptoms of cervical spondylitis. In this condition, patient complaints of neck pain. The neck is held rigidly and neck movements may exacerbate pain. Now a day, Cervical spondylitis is very common in the people who do routine activities like travelling, household work, desk job etc. It can be seen in people as early as 25 years of age. In Manyastambha, Nasya is the main line of treatment. (i.e. Vatakaphahara Nasya). Objectives: To evaluate the comparative efficacy of Guda Sunthi Avapeedana Nasya and Manjistha Guggulu Avpeedana Nasya in Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylitis). Materials and Methods: This is a comparative clinical study conducted to assess the efficacy in Manyastambha. As per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the patients who fulfill the criteria were randomly selected and equally divided into two groups. Group A - 15 Patients received Guda-Sunthi Avapeedana Nasya. Group B - 15 Patients received Manjistha-Guggulu Avapeedana Nasya. Results and Conclusion: In Group A, 9 patients (60%) showed complete remission and 6 patients (30%) showed marked response. In Group B, 3 patients (20%) showed complete remission, 1 patient (7%) showed marked response. 6 patients (30%) showed moderate response, 4 patients (26%) showed mild response and 1 patient (7%) showed unchanged response.
Atopic Dermatitis - An Ayurvedic view
Authors: Nair Shine S.
Published: July 2019

Atopic dermatitis is one among chronic diseases characterized by erythema, pruritus, scaling, lichenification, and papulo-vesicles. It is a common condition affecting approximately 17% of the population, with a slight female preponderance. Almost 60% of patients develop Atopic dermatitis within the first year of life, where as 85% by the age of five. Charmadala is caused due to predominance of Vata in which, Charmavadharanaatha is seen. Samanya Nidanas such as due to vitiated breast milk, rubbing with cloths, excessive holding on the lap, due to hot air, heat of sunrays, perspiration, poultices, contact with his own waste products like urine and faces, non cleanliness, compression by hands, over rubbing and due to family tendency, Charmadala can manifest. Usually the Mandala gets distributed over the face, neck, hands, feet, groin region, sacral region and joints. By looking in to the age of manifestation, symptoms like Kandu, Raktavarnata, Twak Parushata and Sputana, and Pidaka; its specific area of manifestation, the Utpata nature of Charmadala, it is quite similar to that of Atopic Dermatitis. The aim of Chikitsa lies in disintegration of the process of Samprapti. The general line of treatment explained for Kushta is applicable to Charmadala. Charaka and Vagbhata mentioned Shodhana Karma to be carried out according to predominance of vitiated Dosha. In the Kushtha of Vata dominance Ghritapana, in Kapha dominance Vamana and in Pitta dominance Virechana and Raktamokshana are to be carried out.
Mashi Kalpana - A Review
Authors: Patil Pravin A. , Harishchandre Minakshi U. , Chikurte Sharada N.
Published: July 2019

Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana branch deals with the preparation of medicine by using herbal, animal and metal origin. Metals and minerals are in frequent use in Indian system of medicine since long back without any untoward effect. Mashi Kalpana is the form of medicine which can be prepared by heating herbal or animal content upto transfer into carbonized form. Mashi Kalpana is used externally as well as internally. Mashi Kalpana is cost effective, less time consuming preparation and having quick result.
Leech Therapy - A unique treatment in Ayurveda
Authors: Gannur Prasadshakti G.
Published: July 2019

As mentioned in Ayurveda, Rakta itself is life for human being. If it get vitiated (impure) by means of unhealthy food habits and seasonal change is going to induce many disease. There is a unique worm - Leech which is used therapeutically to treat certain diseases induced by impure blood. Medicinal leeches are used for therapeutic purpose; these will suck only impure blood and relieve the symptoms. While sucking leaches leave saliva into the blood stream, which contain many medicinal properties. Out of which Hirudin is the main content which is having very effective anti-coagulant and analgesic property, because of this analgesic property, the process of sucking is painless. Leaches are mainly used in skin diseases as acne, Kusta, Visarpa, recurrent abscess along with these certain diseases which involve impairment of the blood circulation such as varicose veins deep vein thrombosis non healing ulcers and necrosis are also get benefited by leech therapy which improve the blood circulation by stimulating blood capillaries. Hence in this paper the uses of leech therapy are mentioned for the society to get benefited.
Role of Panchkarma in the management of Guillain Barre Syndrome
Authors: Lalita Sharma , Alok Srivastava , Anupama Singh , Diksha Upreti , Poonam Poonam
Published: July 2019

Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a rare disorder in which your body’s immune system attacks your nerves. The syndrome afflicts about one person in 100,000. Either gender can be affected in any age group especially between ages 30 and 50, however risk increases with age. The exact cause of GBS is unknown. It is often preceded by an infection such as respiratory infection or stomach flu. Most of the time, signs of the original infection have disappeared before the symptoms of Guillain-Barre begin. Guillain-Barre syndrome damages parts of nerves. This nerve damage causes tingling, muscle weakness and paralysis. Guillain-Barre syndrome most often affects the nerve's covering (myelin sheath). Such damage is called demyelination and it causes nerve signals to move more slowly. Damage to other parts of the nerve can cause the nerve to stop working altogether. It is a paralyzing syndrome which can have dire consequences if not managed by an informed medical team. As per as Ayurvedic concept, based on various clinical presentations of G.B. Syndrome, it can be correlated with Kaphavrut Vata, Medavruta Vata, Sarvang Vata, too. Thus based on involvement of Dosha, Dhatu, Mala and patient condition one should plan the different Ayurvedic line of treatment. This article will explain how this disorder begins, how it is managed in Ayurveda by taking help of the Panchkarma procedures such as Basti, Abhayanga etc.
Ksharavarti Prayoga (Alkali thread) in Puyalasa (Acute Dacryocystitis) : A Case Report
Authors: M. Sushobhitha , K. Sujathamma
Published: July 2019

Puyalasa, one among the Sandhigataroga can be correlated to dacryocystitis based on the symptomatology which includes swelling in inner canthus, which later undergoes suppuration causing thick purulent discharge. Dacryocystitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal sac. Management of acute dacryocystitis differs based on the stage. Puyalasa treatment includes Raktamokshana (blood letting), Upanaha (poultice) and other Vranashotha (inflammatory swelling) treatment. A 28 year old female patient diagnosed as Puyalasa (acute dacryocystitis) was treated with blood letting, Ksharavarti (alkali thread) insertion and Bidalaka (applying medicines in paste form over eyelids) and the results proved to be significant on the basis of clinical assessment.
A Clinical Study to evaluate the effect of Dushivishari Ajay Ghrita in Dushivisha Janya Lakshana
Authors: Kumar Sunil , SIngh Akhilesh Kumar
Published: July 2019

Dushivisha is a unique concept of Ayurveda. Bruhatrayi explains spectrum of Dushivisha concept in many ways as a important concept related in Vishatatra statement. Dushivisha is any low potency toxic substance which vitiates the Dhatus when favorable condition occurs. It produces different symptoms in different people according to their age, habits and place of residence. In the Ayurveda context the poison has been divided into sub types and there is no separate classification of Dushivisha, But Ayurveda defines it as Sthavara, Jangama or Kritimavisha after its treatment, when it becomes less potent its effects are doesn’t nullifies radically because of which it resides in the body, that particular less potent part of above said poison is called Dushivisha. Dushivisha produces sense of intoxication after meals, indigestion, anorexia, eruption of circular patches on the skin, urticaria, mental confusion, Dhatukashya, oedema on the face and extremities, ascites, vomiting, diarrhoea, discolouration, fainting, intermittent high grade fever and unquenched able thirst. Some poisons produce insanity, abdominal distension, Shukra Kshaya, muffled voice while other causes Kustha and respective disorders of various type. Acharya Shusruta mention Ajay Gritha in the treatment of Dushivisha. So this article aim to collect the data to evaluate the effect of Ajay Ghrita in Dushivishajanya Lakshana.
A Comparative study of Madhuk Churna with Vidarikanda Churna in the management of Stanyakshaya
Authors: Patil Pravin A. , Lade Anjali N. , Kulkarni Chetna J.
Published: July 2019

Ayurveda is the flawless, authentic ancient science of life and is genuinely called the “Mother of all healing.” The knowledge of Ayurveda was originated in India for more than five thousands years ago. The word Ayu literally means life and Veda the science or knowledge. Ayurveda stands for knowledge of life. Stanya is Updhatu of Rasa Dhatu. Rasa Dhatu is said to be Aadi Dhatu i.e. Pratham Dhatu. Ayurveda explains the importance of Stanya (Breast Milk) through its main function Pushti and Jeevan (growth and life). If Rasa Dhatu formation is disturbed, its Updhatu Stanya will also be disturbed. Now in modern era most of the cases of Stanya Kshaya are observed. So in present study Madhuk Churna and Vidarikand Churna are used in the management of Stanya Kshaya.
Clinical Study to evaluate efficacy of Mustadi Basti in the management of Amavata w.r.t. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Damle Neena , Patil Bhushan D.
Published: July 2019

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that causes to pain, stiffness and swelling of the joints. It affects different parts of the body, mainly effects the joints. Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis) has been a challenging problem to the medical field. Various treatment protocols are applied in this disease with partial success. In present clinical study, 30 patients of clinically proven Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis) were treated with Mustadi Basti to evaluate its efficacy. Mustadi Basti contains Kwatha Dravyas viz. Musta, Ushira, Balamoola, Argawadha and Rasna with other Kalka and Prakshepa Dravyas. Ayurvediya Nidanadi parameters and American Rheumatism Association guidelines for Rheumatoid Arthritis were followed. Analysis was done and results were calculated statistically using paired ‘t’ test. Results obtained are encouraging and indicate the efficacy of Mustadi Basti over Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis), exploring many aspects of this clinical entity.
Classical Ashtavaidyan Ayurvedic Therapy in the functional improvement of patients of Psoriatic Arthritis - An open label, single arm exploratory clinical study
Authors: Neelakandhan Mooss Ashtavaidyan ET , S. Sudeesh Kumar , Krishnan N. Navaneeth , P. Smina B , Nair PKS
Published: July 2019

Background: Arthritis and various musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of disability in persons between 18 to 65 years of age. Psoriatic arthritis simulates Ayurvedic descriptions of the clinical syndrome - Vatarakta. The study has been designed to evaluate the effectiveness of classical Ashtavaidyan methods of Ayurvedic intervention in the management of psoriatic arthritis and to assess the safety of the therapy. Methodology: Diagnosed cases of psoriatic arthritis (n=30) (20-60 yrs) have undergone the prescribed classical Ashtavaidyan Ayurvedic therapies. The total study period was 57 days which included 21 days each at inpatient and outpatient basis and 15 days of follow up. Initially modified Takradhara was performed along with internal medications for first 14 days; later same internal medication was continued with Sarvanga Abhyanga (therapeutic massage) with Pinda Taila and Vajraka Ghrita in 3:1 ratio externally and Amalaki Thalam for next 7 days. Same internal medicines and oil application were continued for next 21 days as outpatient. Results: The response to treatment was assessed periodically with respective parameters and showed highly significant improvement (P less than 0.001). There was significant reduction in PASI score and also significant changes in functional parameters related to psoriatic arthritis evaluated by using the visual analogue pain scale, DAS score, disability index scores and SF-36 (quality of life Index). The laboratory parameters used to evaluate the liver and renal functions did not show any significant changes that indicate the prescribed treatment is safe. Conclusion: Traditional Ashtavaidyan Ayurveda therapy is effective in reducing the skin lesions and improving functional ability in Vatarakta vis-à-vis psoriatic arthritis over a period of 42 days. Moreover, there was no adverse drug reaction recorded as well no significant change observed in liver and renal function tests.
Usia, Obesitas dan Aktifitas Fisik Beresiko Terhadap Prediabetes
Authors: Astuti Ani
Published: July 2019

Prediabetes merupakan awal perjalanan penyakit diabetes mellitus yang tidak terdetekssi sejak dini karena tidak menimbulkan tanda dan gejala.  Namun dapat dicegah dengan mengendalikan faktor resiko seperti usia, obesitas dan aktifitasn fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan usia, obesitas dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian Prediabetes di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simpang IV Sipin Kota Jambi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh penduduk yang berusia 18-59 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simpang IV Sipin Kota Jambi   dengan jumlah sample sebanyak 52 responden, cara pengambilan sample menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Berdasarkan penelitian diketahui bahwa sebagian besar responden mengalami prediabetes (59,6%), memiliki usia<45 tahun (73,1%), mengalami obesitas dengan IMT≥25 (57,7%), dan memili aktivitas fisik ringan (46,2%) dan diketahui ada hubungan yang bermakna antara usia (0,008), obesitas (0,000), dan aktivitas fisik (0,006) dengan kejadian prediabetes. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dilakukannya program skrining prediabetes agar orang yang mengalami prediabetes tidak berlanjut menjadi DM.  

 

Prediabetes is the beginning of the course of diabetes mellitus which is not detected early because it does not cause signs and symptoms. But it can be prevented by controlling risk factors such as age, obesity and physical activity. This study aims to determine the relationship of age, obesity and physical activity with Pre-diabetes incidence in Puskesmas Simpang IV Sipin city of Jambi. This research is a quantitative study using cross sectional study design, population in this study is the entire population aged 18-59 years in Puskesmas Simpang IV Sipin Jambi with a random sample of 52 respondents, how sampling using purposive sampling. Based on the research showed that most respondents had prediabetes (59.6%), had aged <45 years (73.1%), obese with IMT≥25 (57.7%), and elect the light physical activity (46 , 2%) and it is known there is a significant correlation between age (0,008), obesity (0,000) and physical activity (0.006) and the incidence of prediabetes. With this study are expected to do prediabetes screening program for people who have prediabetes do not continue to be a DM.
Pengalaman Lansia dengan Demensia Ringan-Sedang Dalam Melakukan Komunikasi dengan Pelaku Rawat: Systematic Review
Authors: Malikal Balqis Ummi , Sahar Junaiti
Published: July 2019

Dementia is a progressive decline in cognitive abilities that characterized by memory loss that affects everyday abilities. One of the most common problems in elderly with dementia is communication problem. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the experience of elderly with mild-moderate dementia in communicating with caregivers. This article uses the systematic review method to all selected articles. Through this systematic review approach, six selected themes in phenomenology journals explain that elderly with mild-moderate dementia can describe the symptoms of dementia experienced, feelings of loss and stress caused of dementia, negative stigma towards elderly dementia, loss of control and desire to make their own decisions, and problems in interpersonal relationships. The ability of elderly with mild-moderate dementia in communicating their experiences when interacting with caregivers can be a consideration for caregivers in making decisions related to the condition of their experience in elderly with dementia

 

Demensia merupakan penurunan secara progresif pada kemampuan kognitif yang ditandai dengan kehilangan memori yang mempengaruhi kemampuan sehari-hari. Salah satu masalah yang cukup dominan dirasa pada lansia demensia yaitu masalah di dalam komunikasi. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk melihat pengalaman lansia dengan demensia ringan-sedang dalam melakukan komunikasi dengan pelaku rawat. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penulisan systematic review terhadap artikel terpilih. Melalui pendekatan systematic review ini, enam jurnal fenomenologi terpilih menyebutkan bahwa tema-tema yang muncul saat lansia dengan demensia ringan-sedang melakukan komunikasi dengan pelaku rawat, diantaranya lansia mampu untuk menceritakan gejala demensia yang dialami, perasaan kehilangan dan tertekan, stigma negatif orang lain, kehilangan kendali dan keinginan untuk mengambil keputusan sendiri, serta masalah di dalam hubungan interpersonal. Kemampuan lansia dengan demensia ringan-sedang dalam mengungkapkan pengalamannya ketika berinteraksi dengan pelaku rawat dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi pelaku rawat dalam menentukan keputusan pemberian pelayanan berkaitan dengan kondisi demensia yang dialaminya
Method of full discretization in joint calculation in time of the system “construction - foundation - soil”
Authors: Ter-Emmanuilyan Tatyana N. , Polumordvinov Igor O.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Prospective transition of CIS to the European design standards in the construction industry requires development of new and modification of known engineering methods for calculation and design of construction. Creation and development of such methods should be based on fundamental research that can become the basis for the development of principally new, innovative technologies. Methods. The paper consists of basis and practical application of the method of full discretization. This method is a special modification of finite element method for the solving of problems of the creep. Practical application of the method is illustrated with modeling and applied tasks. Results. The paper presents a joint calculation of the “structure - foundation - soil” system using the example of a reservoir of a modular biological wastewater treatment plant designed for filtration fields in the village of Tasboget, Akmola region, the Republic of Kazakhstan. The full picture of the evolution of the stress-strain state of structures is gained, taking into account the material creep and the history of construction. There is a comparison of result calculations with and without technology of erection of structures.
Rationalization of the constructive form of towers with prestressed cables
Authors: Sitnikov Ivan R. , Golikov Alexander V.
Published: July 2019

Relevance. One of the main directions of development of mobile communication systems, radio engineering and telecommunication systems is the improvement of the structural form of the bearing supports, which will solve a number of practical tasks: to increase the coverage area, to ensure higher rates of data transmission speed and to ensure stable operation in an increasing number of users. These circumstances justify the relevance of research in this direction. Aims of research. Optimization of design solutions using parallel puffs, ensuring the possibility of erection and safe operation during the entire service life, which ensures that the requirements for strength, stability and deformations for such structures are met with minimal material consumption. Methods. For calculations, finite element methods are used for mathematical modeling using software and computing systems. To create linear models for numerical experiments, the method of mathematical planning of experiments was used. Results. The work of the towers of the proposed constructive solution is considered as supports for the placement of equipment of cellular operators using the example of a 42-meter tower. The method of mathematical planning of experiments was used to create a model line for numerical experiments. To establish the basic characteristics of the stress-strain state of the structures of the supports, a number of models were created and calculated in software packages, the basis of which is the finite element method. A comparative analysis of the effort in the delays determined by analytical calculation and the finite element method is performed. The analysis of changes in the stress-strain state of the towers from the influence of influencing factors, such as wind and icy-wind loads, the angle of deflection on the lower tier of the tower. By the criterion of minimum metal consumption and manufacturability of the construction of towers, rational overall dimensions of the tower were determined. The options for constructing the main junctions of the elements of the tower are proposed.
The results of computer analysis of the wind load acting on the set of rolled profiles
Authors: Veselev Yury A. , Karabutov Mikhail S.
Published: July 2019

The aim of the research is to numerically determine the effect of wind loads on the roof of the rolled profiles of the MIC-120 system. Methods. There were made some calculations in this article of wind load, acting on rolled metal thin-sheet profiles arch and a comparison of computer modeling and buildings requirement such as Building Rules “Loads and Actions” results. The research was carried out by means of modeling of a virtual wind tunnel with the placement to it a metal thin-sheet profiles arch in consideration of different wind actions such as acting on the arch’s butt end (along a generatrix), as well as athwart on the arch and angularly on it with the arch’s width change from 12 to 24 m. The arch modeling as well as the virtual wind tunnel modeling was based on the COSMOSFloWorks software package by means of the method, stated in the previous publications [2; 11]. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the Navier - Stokes equation and the equation of the condition of the fluid medium’s components. Results. The results are, first of all, the calculation of the wind pressure on the arch depending on the trajectory, wind speed in different regions and directions of wind flow, secondly, the comparison of the wind pressure, getting with the help of computer modeling with Building Rules 20.13330.2011 “Loads and Actions” and, finally, matching of results of wind pressure for a plain and ribbed arch with equal geometrical parameters, getting by computer modeling. In compliance with the generated calculations there was drawn a conclusion, that the standard pressure according on Building Rules does not change from arch span, but results of the computer modeling show us a change of the wind pressure from the arch’s span.
Optimal shells of revolution and main optimizations
Authors: Krivoshapko Sergey N.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Optimization is a criterion, on the ground of which, comparative estimation of possible alternatives and selection of the best decisions is carried out. Cost of a shell, its minimum weight, absence of bending moments and tensile normal stresses, given stress state for acting external load, given bearing capacity when optimal shallowness, maximum external load, minimum weight under limitation on the value of natural frequencies of vibration and maximum displacements, absence of bending moments with taking into account internal pressure, dead weight, and centrifugal forces; maximum of critical force and something else can be criterion of selection of optimal shape of shell of revolution. Methods. The main criteria of optimality for shells of revolution and information sources for the 1970-2019 periods are presented in a paper. It will help to study previous results devoted to using optimizations and to set about further investigation. But there is no single approach to the definition of optimal shell of revolution and obviously will not be, because own optimizations are necessary for every concrete case of loading, or distribution of stresses along the thickness, or under the demands to the ratio of the volume and area of considered shell, or with due regard for different kind of expenses, and other demands. Results. For the first time, 24 criteria of optimality only for shells of revolution were discovered. The names of scientists offered presented criteria of optimality and the 45 references dealing with this question are pointed out. It is shown that principles put in the basis of optimal design and criteria of optimality must be given with the help of language quite naturally for computer. Having used optimi- For citation Krivoshapko S.N. (2019). Optimal shells of revolution and main optimizations. Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings, 15 (3), 201-209. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.22363/1815-5235-2019-15-3-201-209 zations presented in the paper, designers can choose the criterion for their own design of optimal shell shape. Study of the prerequisites of the structural solutions in building and machine-building, the history of the development and perfecting of technologies of erection of shells of revolution will permit to generalize the experience accumulated by designers and to develop new fundamental solutions. Otherwise, architects, structural engineers, and designers will be repeating the achieved solutions in building, architecture, and machine-building.
Geometric modelling and materially nonlinear numerical analysis of shells in the shape of one-sheet hyperboloid of revolution
Authors: Giloulbé Mathieu , Jazzan Muhannad , Qbaily Jaafar
Published: July 2019

Aims of research. A surface of revolution is generated by rotation of a plane curve z = f(x) about an axis Oz called the axis of rotation. This paper provides information on hyperboloids of revolution surfaces and their classification. Their geometric modeling, linear and materially nonlinear analysis are worked out. Methods. Hyperboloids of revolution middle surface is plotted using the software MathCAD. The linear and materially nonlinear numerical analyses of thin shells of the shape of an hyperboloid of revolution surfaces on stress-strain state is given in this paper, using the finite elements method in a computer software R-FEM, the material which we use in our model is concrete with isotopic nonlinear 2D/3D stress-strain curve for materially nonlinear analysis and linear stress-strain curve for linear analyses. Comparison is done with the result of the finite elements linear analysis of their strain-stress results. Results. That displacements in the investigated shells subject to self-weight, wind load with materially nonlinear analysis are bigger than which done by linear analysis, in the other side the displacements is similarity subjected to free vibration load case. Based on these results, conclusions are made for the whole paper.
Risk assessment for seismic and fire hazards at hazardous industrial and classified sites industry
Authors: Suleymanov Adylzhan A. , Djuraev Olimjon A. , Umarov Farkhod Y. , Shomansurov Sunnat S.
Published: July 2019

Aims of research. Research and analysis assessing the risk of hazards (in particular earthquake hazardous) at hazardous industrial and classified sites industry. Methods: analytical, mathematical, operational-tactical, mechanical-statistical, study of deformation of seismic diaphragms. The analysis of risk through seismologist at hazardous production facilities of the industry in conjunction with the secondary fires. This circumstance, which often coincides with the joint vector, is proposed to be used as a mechanism to ensure the safety of industrial facilities from seismic fire hazard, including aspiration flows as an impact factor. Risk analysis is viewed taking into account the algorithm to ensure the safety of complex technical and social systems, which shows the degree of universality of the algorithm. This security mechanism is most important to take into account for architectural General plans of buildings and structures, as well as in operational and tactical actions of units in the aftermath of emergencies, crisis and extreme events. Results. The analysis is accompanied by the necessary mathematical calculations and experimental assessments of the security process.
Determination of destructive forces in a rod-cable arch
Authors: Dmitriev Igor K.
Published: July 2019

The aim of research - comparison the results of the experimental data with the computer modeling the work of the strengthened brick-cable arch. Methods. Experimental and theoretical methods of research. Results. Firstly, the tests on a small desktop models were performed, for the determination the nature of destruction of the construction. During them, it was discovered, that the arch crash is taking place because of the splitting the small size timber bricks, or as the result of the breaking its steel strengthening elements. Further, the computer model of the construction was created with the help of physically and geometrically nonlinear finite elements at LIRA-SAPR PC. The generated model was load by a concentrated force at its top zone, the same one, as it had been during the experiments before. On the results of the calculation, the maximum deformation was received, which are different from the experimental one on a value less then 10%, what suggests the nearness the computer model to the real construction. The highest compressive strengths of the arch and the largest stretching forces of its steel bands were determined during the further analysis of the model. Maximum splitting and stretching forces also were calculated theoretically, according to the formulas of SP 64.13330.2017 and SP 20.13330.2016. It was determined that the timber bricks have more than 7 times reserve of strength, and the steel bands over them - only times, and during the growth of external force, the arch will crash because of its steel sprengel bands breakage. By the results of the research, the calculation algorithm of such kind constructions was generated, at the base of LIRA-SAPR PC. It was recommended first, to determine deformation of the strengthened brick-cable arch, with further checking the timber elements for splitting and steel sprengel elements for maximum permissible stretching. The problem of stability the flat form of deformation for the brickcable arch are the same as for the glued one, because of the tight connection the timber bricks, with elimination their exit from the frontal plane.
Improving the efficiency of urban underground structures as objects of civil defense
Authors: Fediuk Roman S. , Kozlov Pavel G. , Mochalov Aleksandr V. , Panarin Igor I. , Timokhin Roman A. , Liseitsev Yuriy L.
Published: July 2019

The rapid development of cities, as well as the growing number of natural and man-made disasters, makes it important to place part of various urban buildings underground, as well as design the operation of these facilities in emergency situations. The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of using urban underground structures as protective objects in the mountainous regions of Russia (using the example of Primorsky Krai). It was proved that for successful development of underground space and implementation of existing projects, an appropriate urban planning program should be developed, which would link socio-economic issues with architectural planning and engineering and technical measures, and such a program is necessary at the stage of engineering development of new territories or during reconstruction plots of old buildings. The technological parameters of the efficiency of dual-purpose underground structures are revealed. Capacity, volume of the structure and the required volume of air were taken as decisive parameters in the design of such a structure. The obtained mathematical dependences of the volume of the underground structure on the number of people being sheltered and the necessary ventilation on the capacity allow to interpolate and extrapolate, obtaining the necessary parameters of the technological efficiency of using urban underground structures as dual-use objects.
Upper Cretaceous rhyolitic ashes in the Utes Derevyannykh Gor area (Novaya Sibir Island, the New Siberian Islands)
Authors: Kostyleva V. V. , Shchepetova E. V. , Kotelnikov A. E.
Published: July 2019

The article is concerned with the first finds of rhyolite ashes in Upper Cretaceous sediments of Novaya Sibir Island. In the course of the field work in the area of cape Utes Derevyannykh Gor in 2016, four layers of unlithified fine-grained ashes were found in the Turonian-Coniacian coal-bearing Derevyannye Gory Formation. The article presents the results of petrographic, X-ray diffractometric and microprobe analysis of pyroclastics from ash layers. A typification of volcanogenic-terrigenous deposits is proposed. Thin section of the samples were investigated on a polarizing microscope. X-ray phase analysis of the clay fraction was carried out using a DRON-3 diffractometer. X-ray microanalysis of vitroclasts were carried out on a scanning electron microscope “Jeol JSM-6480LV” with the microprobe analyzer “Oxford Instruments INCA-Energy 350”. It was established that Derevyannye Gory Formation is composed of rhyolitic tuffites, among which fine-grained crystal-vitroclastic and vitroclastic ashes of low and normal alkaline high-potassium rhyolites with thickness up to 2.5 m. Low pyroclastics sediments are not widespread. New data on the structure and composition of the Derevyannye Gory Formation confirm the hypothesis of previous researchers, that sedimentation in the Late Cretaceous in the area of Novaya Sibir Island was accompanied by explosive acidic volcanism. The main purpose of the article is to discuss the sources of pyroclastic material for the territory of the New Siberian Islands in the Turonian-Coniacian age. The conclusion is made about the territorial proximity of the paleovolcanic eruption center to the area of sedimentation. It is assumed that the paleovolcanic centers were located within the present territory of Kotelny, Zemlya Bunge, Faddeevsky islands and, probably, were inherited from the Early Albian stage.
Application of remote sensing for monitoring of flood areas
Authors: Suárez Kozov N. , Trujillo Osorio D. , Giraldo Osorio J.
Published: July 2019

Traditional measurement techniques “in situ” sometimes fail to magnify the spatial distribution of floods. For these cases, the remote sensors provide methodologies of very low economic cost and high reliability when mapping flooded areas and quantifying the damages. Due to the dynamic nature of these phenomena, it is necessary to use satellite images of high temporal resolution, however this type of images usually have a low spatial resolution. In relation to this problem, traditional classification techniques are not reliable enough for flood delineation and monitoring since they use “hard methods” of classification, where the coarse pixel is assigned a single type of coverage. On the other hand, “smoothed methods” have the ability to assign different kinds of coverage to the interior of the thick pixel. The present investigation makes the application of a sub-pixel analysis methodology (sub-pixel analysis - SA) for the monitoring of flooded areas. The improvement of the delimitation is achieved with the use of topographic attributes provided by a digital terrain model (DTM). The methodology was applied to the monitoring in the Great Depression Momposina, specifically to delineate the swamp of Zapatosa.
Experimental studies of the performance of the heat-shielding layer of composite pipelines during cooling with liquid hydrogen
Authors: Nekhoroshikh Gennady E.
Published: July 2019

The development of technology for aircraft and rocket engines more efficient and environmentally friendly cryogenic fuels in the form of liquefied gases: hydrogen (vinyl), oxygen (oxide), natural gas (methane), required the creation of pipelines from modern composite materials, as well as new thermal insulation coatings (TIC), providing reliable protection of these highways from external heat leakage. Fuel out-of-flight manifolds of reusable aircraft require a particularly reliable TIC, since during the operation of the product, their multi-cycle cooling down occurs when pouring cryogenic fuel into the pipelines and heating at the discharge. Thermally insulating coatings in the form of polyurethane foam (PUF), applied to the surface of the protected product, by spraying or pouring a mixture of the constituent components, which are widely used at the present time, are not fully suitable for cryogenic pipelines due to the deterioration of their heat insulating properties in the process of cyclic cooling. The aim of the work is to create a new design and technological solution that ensures the performance of the TIC in the conditions of high-cycle thermal loading. In connection with the prospect of using cryogenic fuels in an aviation (reusable) technology, ensuring the performance of a TIC in such conditions is relevant. For the developed technology, experimental determination of the main parameters of the TIC was carried out. Composite pipelines of curvilinear and rectilinear shape were used as objects of research. The pipeline design included a sealing film sheath, a power sheath made of a polymer composite material, a foam heat insulating coating and metal connecting flanges. On model composite samples of cryogenic pipelines, cyclic tests for cooling with liquid hydrogen (filling of fuel lines) and heating to ambient temperature (draining components) were carried out. During the tests, the pipeline was first cooled with hydrogen gas for one hour. Then, for one hour, liquid hydrogen was poured into the internal cavity, after which natural warming up to a normal temperature was carried out for an hour. The obtained results allowed to determine the dependence of temperature and heat flow of the shell with TIC on the number of cooling cycles, to propose a design and technological solution for a significant reduction of the cryopump at large temperature differences in the TIC, to show the effectiveness of cyclic cooling of foam porosity with closed porosity of the “Vikort-3M”
Ways to assess of seismicity of the territory of Syria
Authors: Dubyansky Alexander I. , Aljabasini Hiba
Published: July 2019

The article considers estimates of changes in the magnitudes of seismic events for two years (2005-2006) according to seismic catalogs. For this period, graphs of the law of repeatability of earthquakes were constructed and compared with each other. The analysis of the graphs of the frequency of occurrence of a number of zones built during seismic zoning was carried out, and the relationship between parameter A and the earthquake source mechanism was determined. Seismic zoning - the division of the territory into areas with varying degrees of intensity occurred and expected earthquakes. Seismic zoning data is used in the design and construction of earthquake-resistant structures and solving other practical problems in a seismically dangerous area. This is the applied aspect of seismic zoning. For the mapping of seismic zoning, historical data and instrumental observations of earthquakes, geological-tectonic and geophysical maps, as well as data on the movements of blocks of the earth’s crustare used. There are areas of possible occurrence of earthquake foci (OEF zones) with different depths. The greatest danger is represented by earthquakes with foci within the earth’s crust (at a depth of 3 to 30-50 km). The article provides a statistical analysis of the earthquakes of Syria for two years, taking into account historical earthquakes from the chronicles. The result of the work is the establishment of links between the identified earthquakes and the planetary events of the Earth, including solar activity. There is an increase in seismic activity in winter. Presented research should be used in forecasting future. It is worth noting that the basis for forecasting future natural events is the integration of analytical methods for analyzing data and theoretical ideas about the tectonics of the region in question.
Influence of speed distribution in a rounded flow on the character of slopes erosion
Authors: Maslikova O. Ya. , Gritsuk I. I. , Ionov D. N. , Debolskiy V. K.
Published: July 2019

One of the most important issues of river hydraulics is the movement of water and the formation of a channel in a stream that has a non-straight-line outline in the plan. Under natural conditions for rivers characteristic winding shape in the plan. The curvature of the jet occurs when the flow is divided into sleeves, at the inflow into the river, the confluence of flows, etc. Therefore, the study of channel processes in rivers is impossible without knowledge of the flow patterns at the curve of the channel. When designing hydraulic structures, including bridge crossings on the meandering sections of rivers, one should know the features of the dynamics of the channel in the sections of the flow turning. In winter, such areas may be narrowed due to the freezing of the channel, and during the period of ice thawing they are clogged with ice fragments. The narrowing of the canal causes an increase in the Reynolds number and a redistribution of velocity diagrams in the area under consideration, which causes a change in the erosion pattern. In laboratory conditions, the nature of the distribution of velocities and the formation of vortices on the installation, creating a rounded flow. It is shown that, at critical Reynolds numbers, a vortex countercurrent occurs in the rounded flow at the inner shore. The impact of this velocity distribution on the erosion pattern of the various slopes of the rounded flow was analyzed.