bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antitrust’s Implementation Blind Side: Challenges to Major Expansion of U.S. Competition Policy
Authors: Jones Alison , Kovacic William E.
Published: March 2020

For several years, a number of commentators have expressed concern that the U.S. has a growing market power problem. Further that dysfunction in the U.S. antitrust institutions, and their failure to protect competition, has damaged the economy. This Article outlines the principal flaws that this commentary attributes to U.S. antitrust policy (the “crisis in antitrust”), and some of the proposals offered to redirect it and restore it as a central tool of economic control. The paper’s main purpose is not, however, to debate the condition of competition in the US economy or the merits of the measures proposed. Rather, its objective is to identify the magnitude of the implementation challenges that the proposals for a major expansion of the U.S. antitrust program create and the policy implementation challenges that stand between these soaring reform aspirations and their effective realisation in practice. The paper suggests that even though these “implementation” issues are significant, they have been too quickly overlooked in the commentary. In our view the failure to focus on this important matter risks creating a chasm between elevated policy commitments and the capacity of responsible public to produce expected outcomes. The paper consequently acknowledges and addresses this implementation blindside. It analyses the important impediments that are likely, if not carefully addressed, to hamper delivery of the current proposals and proposes ways to overcome them.
Effectiveness of fuzzy sliding mode control boundary layer based on uncertainty and disturbance compensator on suspension active magnetic bearing system
Authors: Giap Van-Nam , Huang Shyh-Chour
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the disturbance and uncertainty suppression by using the nonlinear disturbance observer and an extended state observer for a nonlinear active magnetic bearing system. Otherwise, the chattering free is assured by a fuzzy controller, where the fixed sliding mode surface boundary is regulated by fuzzy boundary layer. The stability of the system is guaranteed by Lyapunov condition. First, the nonlinear disturbance observer is presented to estimate the disturbance from outside of the system. Second, the system parameter variations are estimated by an extended state observer with the construction via the estimated disturbance value. Third, the proportional–integral–derivative sliding mode surface has been constructed due to the chattering values that appear from the high-frequency switching control values. Fourth, these chattering values are reduced by using a Mamdani fuzzy logic control. The proposed control methodology was given by the MATLAB simulation. The overshoot value that is equal to zero, narrow settling time, and the average distance tracking error value which is quite small are archived.
Early phase child and adolescent psychiatry response after mass trauma: Lessons learned from the Easter Sunday attack in Sri Lanka
Authors: Chandradasa Miyuru , Rathnayake Layani C , Rowel Madushi , Fernando Lalin
Published: March 2020

Background:

Sri Lanka is a South-Asian nation with a multi-ethnic population. A 26-year-old armed conflict ended in 2009 and the relative stability over the last decade was unexpectedly disrupted by the Easter Sunday Bombings of Catholic Churches and luxury hotels in 2019. More than 250 were killed and most of the deaths were reported from the St. Sebastian’s Church in Negombo in the District of Gampaha. This article describes how mental health services of the District of Gampaha, with a population of 2.3 million and only one child and adolescent psychiatrist responded to the psychological trauma in children.

Activities:

The child and adolescent psychiatry response to the mass trauma was a collaboration between health, educational and voluntary organisations. The psychological support was provided at affected villages, schools and hospital settings. Medical and non-medical personnel were able to refer affected children directly to the child and adolescent psychiatrist. Children who had developed psychological consequences of trauma were provided with evidence-based psychotherapies and psychopharmacology where necessary. In addition, health staff members and teachers were trained to provide psychological support and a booklet was prepared in the local language based on trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy. Psychoeducation about the psychological response to trauma was provided through electronic, printed and social media. The limited number of trained psychotherapists and experts in child mental health were a major barrier to implement effective management strategies.

Conclusion:

Due to the severe shortage of child mental health experts, practical low-cost methodologies were employed to provide an early response to trauma. Traditional ways of mental health service provision were modified to be implemented via non-experts.
Early Learning Environments for the Development of Attention: Maternal Narratives in the United States and Japan
Authors: Senzaki Sawa , Shimizu Yuki
Published: March 2020

A large body of research has demonstrated cross-cultural differences in visual attention, especially between members of North American societies (e.g., Canada, United States) and East Asian societies (e.g., China, Japan, Korea). Despite an increasing number of studies suggesting an emergence of cross-cultural differences in early childhood, relatively little is known about how these culturally divergent patterns of attention are acquired and maintained. It has been largely assumed that socialization practices, especially parent–child interactions, contribute to the acquisition of cross-cultural differences in attention. By focusing on maternal narratives during the shared reading activity, this study examined the socialization contexts in which mothers direct their infants’ attention in the United States ( n = 50 dyads) and Japan ( n = 53 dyads). Mothers in the United States and Japan read a picture book to their 6- to 18-month-old infants in the lab, and maternal narratives were coded to identify attention to focal objects and social interactions. Infants’ sustained attention was also measured during shared reading. The findings demonstrated that during the shared reading activity, U.S. mothers were relatively more likely to focus on the focal objects than the background, whereas Japanese mothers were more likely to refer to the social interactions between focal objects and the background. Infants’ age and gender were not related to maternal narratives, and infants’ sustained attention was similar across cultures. Findings suggest significant cross-cultural differences in mother–infant interactions, which may act as scaffolds for infants to internalize their parents’ cognitive styles.
Not Fake News: Toxic Consequences of the Trump Stress Effect
Authors: Baum-Baicker Cynthia
Published: March 2020

Soon after the election of Donald Trump to the presidency, Sisti and Baum-Baicker predicted that researchers “have an opportunity to conduct a natural experiment and examine the health effects of toxic stress.” In this article, the stressors related to the Trump presidency are delineated and understood as fertile ground for toxic stress reactions. The physical, behavioral, emotional, and interpersonal effects of this kind of unrelenting stress are detailed. Data presented were gathered from a variety of large-scale sources (e.g., American Psychological Association, Pew Research Center, Gallup) and research journals. Data strongly support the validity of the “Trump stress effect” and are viewed through the lenses of terror management theory, motive attribution asymmetry, and the Freudian and Kleinian unconscious.
Help Me Help You! Employing the Marketing Mix to Alleviate Experiences of Donor Sacrifice
Authors: Bradford Tonya Williams , Boyd Naja Williams
Published: March 2020

Nonprofit organizations often rely on individuals to execute their mission of addressing unmet societal needs. Indeed, one of the most significant challenges facing such organizations is that of enlisting individuals to provide support through the volunteering of time or donation of money. To address this challenge, prior studies have examined how promotional messages can be leveraged to motivate individuals to support the missions of nonprofit organizations. Yet promotional messages are only one aspect of the marketing mix that may be employed. The present study examines how donor-based nonprofit organizations can employ the marketing mix—product, price, promotion, place, process, and people—to influence the experiences of sacrifice associated with donation. The authors do so through an ethnographic study of individuals participating in living organ donation. First, they identify the manifestation of sacrifice in donation. Next, they define three complementary and interactive types of sacrifice: psychic, pecuniary, and physical. Then, they articulate how the marketing mix can be employed to mitigate experiences of sacrifice that emerge through the donation process. The authors conclude by discussing implications for marketing practice and identifying additional research opportunities for sacrifice in the realm of donation.
James Cone, white supremacy, and the Baptist narrative
Authors: Brackney William
Published: March 2020

James Cone’s most substantial claim against white theologians is that white supremacy is historically embedded in their theology. This article argues that not only is white supremacy embedded in theology but it may also be a factor in the way white church historians construct a historical narrative that marginalizes the contributions of the black church.
The bundle in the middle of the road
Authors: Malone DiAnne L.
Published: March 2020

Sometimes poetic language can say what exegesis cannot. Following James Cone’s dictum that form equals content, this article offers an exposition in the form of a literary essay blending the stories of the two Tamars in Genesis 38 and 2 Samuel 13 with the maternal stories told to black women, in order to read the text in light of contemporary experience.
Blackness as an ontological symbol: The way forward
Authors: Plaatjies-Van Huffel Mary-Anne
Published: March 2020

This article focuses on Black liberation theology from a non-western perspective and suggests a deconstructive treatment of Black liberation theology, engaging Cone’s work critically. The critical question in reading texts on Black theology is whether poststructural theories on language, subjectivity, social processes, and institutions can identify areas and strategies for change with regard to Black liberation theology. James Cone was critical regarding a poststructural foundational approach. Even so, this article uses poststructuralism as a lens to attend to the subthemes of blackness as ontological symbol, dethroning the author in a poststructural discourse of Black theology, Black theology and Black power, Black liberation theology and anthropology, and Black theology and experience.
Advancing Culturally Relevant Discipline: An Ethnographic Microanalysis of Disciplinary Interactions With Black Students
Authors: Marcucci Olivia , Elmesky Rowhea
Published: March 2020

Culturally relevant discipline (CRD) has the potential to mitigate the disproportionate disciplining of Black students in American schools. Utilizing interaction ritual theory, this research uses ethnographic microanalysis to investigate nonverbal, paraverbal, and verbal communication in three student–teacher disciplinary interactions from one predominately Black high school. The analysis (a) provides the first microlevel empirical evidence of the success of culturally relevant discipline. Then it uses microinteractional evidence to resolve theoretical neglect and strengthen theoretical assertions of past CRD scholarship. It argues that (b) CRD can reinforce learning processes and (c) critical consciousness is a teacher prerequisite for CRD.
Petrology and hydrocarbon significance of the coaly source rocks from the Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
Authors: Liu Jinshui , Kang Shilong , Shen Wenchao , Qin Lanzhi , Zhou Qianyu , Li Shuxia , Ding Fei , Shao Longyi
Published: March 2020

The Xihu Sag in the East China Sea Shelf Basin contains abundant oil and gas reserves and is a focus for hydrocarbon exploration and development. Source rocks are mainly coals and coal-measures mudstones in the Paleogene Pinghu and Huagang formations. Samples from the Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Sag were collected for petrology, total organic carbon, and Rock-Eval analysis for the purpose of investigating macerals component and their contributions to hydrocarbon generation potential. The coaly source rocks from the Pinghu Formation are dominated by vitrinite (average 86.18%) but have an obviously elevated content of liptinite (average 12.59%) and a much lower amount of inertinite (average 1.23%). Liptinite of the samples is mainly composed of resinite, with a small amount of cutinite, sporinite and alginate in descending order. TOC values are 37.55%–65.58% (average 49.16%). Effective HI values are 167–281 mg HC/g TOC (average 223.5 mg HC/g TOC), suggesting the organic matter is type II kerogen. Relatively high HI values and macerals components suggest that the coaly source rocks can generate both oil and gas. Although the liptinite in the coaly source rocks has a content lower than vitrinite values, it makes a significant contribution to both total hydrocarbon and liquid hydrocarbon generation. The contributions of vitrinite, liptinite and inertinite to the total hydrocarbon generation approximately are 63.21%, 36.46% and 0.33%, respectively. The contributions of vitrinite and liptinite to the liquid hydrocarbon generation are approximately 40.95% and 59.05%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the coaly source rocks are dominated by vitrinite macerals with a relatively higher content of liptinite macerals, especially resinite, and these source rocks are more prone to both total hydrocarbon and liquid hydrocarbon generation. Paleogene coaly source rocks from other parts of the world should be considered for their oil-prone nature.
Neurocap Use for the Treatment of Iatrogenic Neuropathic Pain: Preliminary Operative Results in 3 Patients
Authors: de Ru J. Alexander , M.Thomeer Hans G. X. , Tijink Bernard M. , van Doormaal Tristan P. C.
Published: March 2020

Painful neuromas are a devastating condition that is notoriously difficult to treat. The large number of techniques that have been attempted suggest that no one technique is superior. Neuromas often occur in the extremities, but iatrogenically caused pain in the head and neck area has also been described. This article describes 3 consecutive patients diagnosed with traumatic neuroma who underwent transection of the causative nerve, followed by capping of the nerve stump with a Neurocap. With a follow-up of 7 to 24 months, our results show a marked reduction in the pain scores of all 3 patients. The preliminary results indicate that this technique might be a viable treatment option for patients with a suspected neuroma in the head and neck area.
Project-Level Disclosure and Investment Efficiency: Evidence From China
Authors: Chen Jean Jinghan , Cheng Xinsheng , Gong Stephen X. , Tan Youchao
Published: March 2020

Different from studies that use rough proxies for aggregate accounting information quality to investigate its impact on investment efficiency, we construct a project-level measure of disclosures pertaining specifically to firms’ ongoing and future investments, using a large sample of Chinese listed firms. We first validate this measurement of project-level investment disclosure, finding that more detailed investment disclosures are associated with stronger market reactions, particularly among strong-governance firms. Furthermore, we find that project-level disclosure is associated with higher future investment efficiency for strong-governance firms, but not for weak-governance firms. Investigations into underlying channels reveal that well-governed firms with more investment disclosures face less financial constraints and are more likely to abandon poorly performing investments. Cross-sectional analyses suggest that project-level disclosure and governance play a more important role in settings where firms have stronger incentives for opportunistic disclosure. Overall, our evidence indicates that project-level disclosure interacts with corporate governance to impact investment efficiency. The results have implications for disclosure regulation and practice.
Terms and Measures of Cognitive Health Associated With Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Scoping Review
Authors: Quinn Kelly , Miyawaki Christina E. , Croff Raina , Vogel Mia T. , Belza Basia , Souza Anita M. , Liu Minhui , Edwards Valerie J. , Friedman Daniela B.
Published: March 2020

The Healthy Brain Initiative: National Public Health Road Map to Maintaining Cognitive Health (2007) called on the research community to disseminate its work on cognitive aging and cognitive health. The purpose of this scoping review was to (1) identify terminology that cognitive, social, and behavioral scientists use to describe cognitive aging and cognitive health, in association with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, among older adults; (2) demonstrate how such terms are defined; and (3) illustrate how these constructs are measured in research settings. Empirical studies published 2007–2018 were examined for terminology, definitions, disciplinary orientation, and measurement mechanisms. Analysis of the corpus and a detailed review of the terms “cognitive impairment” and “mild cognitive impairment” reveal that formal definitions are provided infrequently and measurement of constructs ranges widely. Overall, the variability in terminology, definitions, and measures reflects a need for greater specificity in research communication, such that cross-disciplinary collaboration can be facilitated.
Immigrant Status, Resilience, and Perceived Oral Health Among Chinese Americans in Hawaii
Authors: Wu Bei , Pei Yaolin , Zhang Wei , Northridge Mary
Published: March 2020

Objectives:

This study aims to examine the associations among immigrant status, resilience, and perceived oral health for Chinese American older adults in Hawaii.

Method:

Data derived from 430 Chinese American adults aged 55 years and older residing in Honolulu, HI. We compared the self-rated oral health and oral health problems between U.S.-born Chinese Americans and foreign-born Chinese Americans by using ordered logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression models.

Results:

Findings suggest that immigrant status and lower levels of resilience are associated with poorer self-rated oral health and more oral health problems for Chinese American older adults in Hawaii. Resilience is more strongly associated with self-rated oral health for U.S.-born Chinese American than for foreign-born Chinese Americans, but this pattern was not evident for oral health problems.

Discussion:

Older Chinese American immigrants in Hawaii are disadvantaged in terms of their oral health. Understanding their susceptibilities may lead to targeted interventions.
“We Pray as a Family”: The Role of Religion for Resettled Karen Refugees
Authors: Muruthi Bertranna A. , Young Savannah S. , Chou Jessica , Janes Emily , Ibrahim Maliha
Published: March 2020

The role of religion for resettled refugees is particularly complex and illuminating. In the context of migration, the opportunity for increased positive outcomes has the potential to play a vital role in coping with the often tumultuous migration and resettlement experiences of refugees. We share qualitative findings from 14 Karen refugees for whom religious practices are inextricably tied to resilience through family closeness and community-building. Ethnographic methods were used to deeply understand participants’ resilience, and all described their faith and trust in God as an important part of their coping with traumatic experiences before and following resettlement in the United States. Findings are focused around descriptions of overcoming adversity, continuity in chaos, and connecting with their community and family.
Similarities and Differences Between Youth Who Engaged in Intrafamilial and Extrafamilial Sexually Abusive Behavior: An Exploratory Study
Authors: van Vugt Eveline , Garofalo Carlo
Published: March 2020

This study examined differences between youth who engaged in intrafamilial (ISAB) and extrafamilial sexually abusive behavior (ESAB) on various characteristics covering the sociodemographic, offense-related, psychological, and environmental domains. A total of 85 Dutch male youth participated in this study. Information was obtained through self-report questionnaires and systematic screening of the case files. Youth who engaged in ISAB, compared with ESAB, came from larger families, were enrolled in higher levels of secondary education and started sexual offending at a younger age. Youth who engaged in ESAB were more frequently diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intellectual disabilities (ID) and primarily received longer treatment in the context of residential care. The findings are discussed in connection to the literature on (adult) sexual offending. The risk factors and criminogenic needs that distinguish youth who engaged in ISAB and ESAB appear different from those found in adult populations.
Chimney Sweeps, Climbing Boys and Child Employment in Ireland, 1775–1875
Authors: Kelly James
Published: March 2020

The identification of the involvement of young boys in cleaning chimneys as a social problem in the late eighteenth century, and its effectual elimination in the second half of the nineteenth, provides a yardstick against which one can measure changing attitudes to child labour during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The involvement of children as young as five in this trade and the injuries and illness to which they were subject prompted an incrementally more vigorous demand for its elimination that was fuelled by the increasing societal influence of the respectable. Based on an analysis of the practice, the abuses it permitted and the efforts of reformers to convince the public and politicians that the invention of the sweeping machine meant it was no longer necessary to involve children in this dangerous trade, the article explains how the combination of revulsion at the mistreatment of climbing boys, organised opposition and an attitudinal shift brought about a change in the law that effectively brought it to an end and established the principle that child labour was immoral as well as unnecessary.
Multi-Vehicle Trajectory Design During Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Platoon Formation
Authors: Wang Qinzheng , Yang Xianfeng (Terry) , Huang Zhitong , Yuan Yun
Published: March 2020

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) organizes connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) in platoons to improve traffic flow and reduce fuel consumption. Platoon formation involves a very complex process, however, because lateral and longitudinal misbehavior of CAVs results in greater fuel consumption and risk of collision. This study aims to design optimal vehicle trajectories of CAVs during CACC platoon formation. First, a basic scenario and a destination-based protocol are described to determine vehicle sequence in the platoon. A space-time lattice based model is then formulated to construct vehicle trajectories considering boundary conditions of kinematic limits, vehicle-following safety, and lane-changing rules. The objective is to optimize the vehicle sequence and fuel consumption simultaneously. A two-phase algorithm is proposed to solve this model, where the first phase is a heuristic algorithm that determines vehicle sequence and in the second phase dynamic programming is adapted to optimize fuel consumption based on the determined sequence. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model in designing CAV trajectories, extensive experimental tests have been conducted in this study. Results show that the proposed model and algorithm can effectively optimize CAV sequence in the platoon based on their destinations. After optimization, CAV fuel consumption was reduced by 42%, 46%, and 43%, respectively, in three different tested scenarios.
Five-Year Outcomes After Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in Elite Athletes
Authors: Lindman Ida , Öhlin Axel , Desai Neel , Samuelsson Kristian , Ayeni Olufemi R. , Hamrin Senorski Eric , Sansone Mikael
Published: March 2020

Background:

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a common cause of hip pain and disability in athletes. Arthroscopic treatment for FAIS is well-established; however, the long-term results in elite athletes are limited.

Purpose:

To evaluate outcomes 5 years after arthroscopic treatment for FAIS in elite athletes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Elite athletes undergoing arthroscopic treatment for FAIS with a minimum 5-year follow-up were included. They were prospectively followed up with patient-reported outcome measures. An elite athlete was defined as having a Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) level of 7 or 8 before the onset of symptoms. Preoperatively and 5 years after surgery, all athletes completed a web-based questionnaire, including the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (comprising 6 subscales), the EQ-5D and EQ-VAS (European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions Questionnaire and European Quality of Life–Visual Analog Scale), iHOT-12 (International Hip Outcome Tool), a visual analog scale for hip function, and the HSAS. Moreover, patients reported their overall satisfaction with their hip function. Preoperative measurements were compared with the 5-year follow-up.

Results:

A total of 64 elite athletes (52 men, 12 women) with a mean ± SD age of 24 ± 6 years were included. On average, patients reported a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement from preoperative patient-reported outcome measures to the 5-year follow-up ( P < .0003), Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score subscales (symptoms, 51.7 vs 71.9; pain, 61.0 vs 81.1; function of daily living, 67.1 vs 83.6; function in sports and recreation, 40.0 vs 71.5; participation in physical activity, 25.0 vs 67.4; hip and groin–related quality of life, 34.4 vs 68.0), EQ-5D (0.60 vs 0.83), EQ-VAS (66.1 vs 76.7), and iHOT-12 (40.0 vs 68.8). At the 5-year follow-up, 90.5% reported satisfaction with their overall hip function. In total, 54% still participated in competitive sports (HSAS, 5-8) at follow-up, while 77% had decreased their level. Older patients and patients with longer duration of symptoms reported a significantly lower level of sports activity (HSAS, 0-4; P < .009).

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic treatment for FAIS in elite athletes results in a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement regarding symptoms, hip function, quality of life, and pain 5 years after surgery. Approximately half of the cohort was still in competitive sports at follow-up, yet 77% had decreased their level of sports. Nine of 10 patients were satisfied with their surgery.
Infection profile in neonatal patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Rodríguez Rocío X , Villarroel Luis A , Meza Rodrigo A , Peña Javier I , Musalem Claudia , Kattan Javier , Urzúa Soledad
Published: March 2020

Objectives:

To describe risk factors for acquired infection during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and to examine the predictive value of inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of infection.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted with data for patients under 30 days supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from 2003 to April 2016, in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Results:

Our study included 160 neonatal patients, the average age of connection was 8.5 days and the duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was 9.7 days. The incidence of confirmed infection was 23%. Patients with confirmed infection present more frequently: vaginal delivery, lower birth weight, female sex, diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and longer duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. When comparing the group of patients with confirmed infection and suspicion of infection, there were no significant differences in the inflammatory markers. When calculating the slope for each one, the difference in white blood cell count slope 72 h before the infection is significant; in patients with confirmed infection, the count of white blood cell increases (slope: 0.25), versus the group of patients with suspected infection in whom the count decreases (slope: −0.39). No differences were found in other variables.

Conclusion:

Our study describes that the factors that increase the risk of infection are lower birth weight, vaginal birth, duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and a positive trend of white blood cell 72 h prior to infection/suspicion. Further studies are necessary to include or definitively rule out the use of these factors and the biomarkers as predictors of infection in neonatal patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Evaluation de la douleur et de l’anxiété lors de soins dentaires chez les patients hospitalisés en psychiatrie: Evaluating pain and anxiety under dental care in psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Bollore O , Ourrad A , Andrianisaina P , Terbeche M , Laidi C , Yekhlef W , Moulier V , Januel D
Published: March 2020

Objectif:

La santé bucco-dentaire des patients en psychiatrie est problématique, puisque le recours au chirurgien-dentiste demeure inférieur de 25 % à la population générale. En partant de ce postulat, nous avons souhaité comprendre en quoi l’anxiété et la douleur du patient peuvent impacter la prise en charge bucco-dentaire et le bon déroulement des soins.

Méthode:

Cette étude a été menée sur 100 patients hospitalisés en psychiatrie. Grâce à différentes échelles, nous avons évalué leur niveau d’anxiété et de douleur, mais aussi leur coopération aux soins.

Résultats:

L’anxiété ne constitue pas un frein à la prise en charge, et diminue significativement après les soins. Le comportement durant les soins bucco-dentaires des patients hospitalisés en psychiatrie semble similaire à celui de la population générale.

Conclusion:

Notre étude permet de mieux appréhender les soins dentaires en psychiatrie et devrait contribuer à placer les soins dentaires au centre de la prise en charge somatique en psychiatrie.
Presence of Neck or Shoulder Pain Following Sport-Related Concussion Negatively Influences Recovery
Authors: Provance Aaron J. , Howell David R. , Potter Morgan N. , Wilson Pamela E. , D’Lauro Allison M. , Wilson Julie C.
Published: March 2020

Our objective was to examine the effect of current neck or shoulder pain on concussion outcomes. Variables included symptom resolution and return-to-sport time, symptom severity, amount of school missed, and sleep disturbances. Three hundred twelve patients (37% female; median age = 15.0 years; evaluated median = 9 days postinjury) reported experiencing current neck or shoulder pain at initial evaluation, and 268 did not (31% female; median age = 14.7 years; evaluated median = 8 days postinjury). Neck or shoulder pain was associated with longer symptom resolution time (β = 6.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.44, 10.31; P = .002), more severe symptoms (β = 7.06, 95% CI = 4.91, 9.21; P < .001), and greater odds of missing >5 days of school (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.93; P = .004), and postinjury sleep problems (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.51, 3.21; P < .001). Experiencing neck or shoulder pain during the initial postinjury clinical evaluation was associated with worsened clinical outcomes. Clinicians may consider referral to early rehabilitation following concussion among those who report neck or shoulder pain.
Oxygen-releasing nanofibers for breathable bone tissue engineering application
Authors: Khorshidi Sajedeh , Karkhaneh Akbar , Bonakdar Shahin
Published: March 2020

Oxygen is a vital molecule for cell and tissue processes. Electrospun fibers have been extensively used as drug loading carriers due to possibility of well control over drug release with modulating fiber properties. However, they have not been used as depots for oxygen release. In the present study, an oxygen-releasing nanofibrous scaffold has been developed by electrospinning of polylactic acid/nano-calcium peroxide suspension with different polylactic acid concentrations (6.5 and 13% w/v). The electrospun fibers with calcium peroxide cargo provided oxygen content of 30–94 mmHg in a period of 14 days which lies well within the oxygen level of osseous tissue. The release profile of 13% polylactic acid fibers was different with that of 6.5% fibers with respects to the initial content of released oxygen and the release rate. Not only did 13% fibers supply oxygen with a slower rate, but also they resulted in a lower burst release of oxygen. Cell culture studies in hypoxia corroborated that 13% polylactic acid fibers better preserve cell viability comparing 6.5% counterparts as perceived by MTT assay. Moreover, they endowed more favored milieu for adherence, arrangement and migration of mesenchymal stem cells as confirmed by microscopy images. The oxygen-releasing fibers equally affected alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and calcium deposition by mesenchymal stem cells most likely due to interplay between topographical and metabolic cues offered by 6.5 and 13% formulations.
Effects of cross-linking by MgCl2 as an initiator on the properties of EVOH
Authors: Wang Bin , Lu Chong , Hu Jing , Lu Weixin
Published: March 2020

Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) with excellent barrier properties has insufficient thermomechanical properties. The introduction of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as an initiator in EVOH blends improved its properties by cross-linking. Torque behavior and gel experiment analysis indicated that a cross-linking in EVOH was formed. The cross-linking mechanism was confirmed through 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. In 13C NMR spectra, the splitting peaks of CH carbon and CH2 carbon tended to disappear, and the stretching vibration peak of –C=C– was observed in the FTIR spectra. The formation of hydrogen bond between MgCl2 and EVOH destroyed the intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of EVOH, which contributed to the dehydration of –OH to form –C=C–, and –C=C– was the basis for a cross-linking reaction. The thermal analysis of blends demonstrated that the melting temperature and crystallization temperature decreased, and the crystallinity gradually disappeared when the MgCl2 content increased. Glass transition temperature significantly increased as the intermolecular force enhanced. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that a cross-linked structure could improve the thermostability of EVOH with an increase in the MgCl2 content. Mechanical test results revealed a remarkable increase in the tensile strength of EVOH as the MgCl2 content increased.
How Corporate Social Advocacy Affects Attitude Change Toward Controversial Social Issues
Authors: Parcha Joshua M. , Kingsley Westerman Catherine Y.
Published: March 2020

The current study reveals that a corporate statement on a controversial social issue is effective in changing an individual’s attitude toward the issue depending on how much the issue is relevant to the individual’s goals and/or if the corporate statement is supported by other corporations. Advocacy fit, corporate credibility, the bandwagon heuristic, and position advocated were varied in a fully crossed 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 experiment ( N = 677). The relevance of the controversial social issue to each participant’s goals and values was also considered. Findings indicate that the fit of an issue mattered for attitude change when the issue was relevant to one’s goals. The number of corporations that agreed with the corporate statement affected attitude change when the issue was relevant to each participant’s goals and values. Corporate credibility did not have any significant effect on whether individuals changed their attitudes. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experience of Roman Catholic Sisters and Successful Aging
Authors: McManus Deborah
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To gain an understanding of how religious and spiritual practices might enable Catholic Sisters to age successfully. Design: A purposive sample of 12 retired Roman Catholic Sisters aged 75 years and older from two convent settings were interviewed. Method: Using a semistructured recorded interview, the Roman Catholic Sisters shared their lived experiences of aging, and practices of religion, spirituality, and meditation. Data analysis utilized thematic analysis of the interview texts. Findings: Thematic analysis identified the following themes: daily engagement in religious and spiritual practice and meditation; self-contentment and positivity regarding the meaning of successful aging; life acceptance; sense of faith and positivity regarding the afterlife; and intersection of meditation, prayer, spirituality, and cognitive engagement. Conclusion: This research contributes to the body of aging research and presents successful aging as understood and more specifically as experientially influenced. The findings of the study provided insight regarding the meaning and experience of successful aging, and the role of everyday religious and spiritual practices in the lives of the Catholic Sisters which influenced their individual life experiences as they age.
The relative significance of higher education–industry cooperation barriers for different firms
Authors: Alunurm Reelika , Rõigas Kärt , Varblane Urmas
Published: March 2020

The barriers to higher education–industry cooperation (HIC) have been studied extensively. However, it is not yet clear which barriers affect which partner firms, which barriers may prevent cooperation altogether or which drivers help to overcome which specific barriers. To answer these questions, the authors conducted an original survey (a novel sample that included micro firms and small and medium-sized enterprises) and looked at HIC barriers in relation to firm characteristics and cooperation drivers. More than half of the survey sample had engaged in HIC. The results suggest that small export-oriented firms may not find suitable competences in higher education institutions and are therefore less likely to engage in HIC. Larger companies do engage in cooperation, but find strategic differences (goals, stances, time allocated) to be significant issues in cooperation. From the viewpoint of firms, possible solutions (drivers) include easy access to more information on HIC opportunities as well as support and training for student mobility.
Energy absorption of thin-walled circular tubes with gradient thickness under oblique loads
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Yuan , Yang Fan , Tian Kun , Zhao Qi , Fan Hualin
Published: March 2020

Introducing nonuniform thickness has shown promising potential in enhancing the energy absorption of thin-walled tubes. However, existing studies were focused on the axial loading, with little attention being paid to the oblique loading condition. In this paper, the energy absorption performance and the deformation modes of the circular tubes with gradient thicknesses under oblique loads are investigated. Finite element simulations and experiments were carried out for both uniform-thick and gradient-thick tubes under the axial and oblique loads, and satisfactory agreement was achieved betweent the numerical and the experimental results. The validated finite element models were used to investigate the effects of the thickness gradient and loading angle on the deforamtion modes and the energy absorption. The results highlight the advantages of the gradient-thickness tubes in improving the energy absorption performance under the oblique loading condition, especially at a larger loading angle. A novel progressive bending deformation mode was observed for the tube with large thickness gradient at a loading angle larger than 15°, which is beneficial for the energy absorption performance.
‘Entre journalisme et littérature sur 7 500 signes’: Lance Armstrong and suiveur reporting in Libération, 1999–2013
Authors: Dauncey Hugh , Cooke Ruadhán
Published: March 2020

As national institution and site of memory for France for over a century, the Tour de France is a privileged locus for investigating the interactions between sport and cultural meaning. Literary journalism chronicling the race has a long history of representing the multiple meanings and dimensions of physical performance, particularly of heroic champions, in the Tour. During the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries the Tour itself and French culture more widely were destabilised by the ambiguous hero Lance Armstrong, and, in a context of guarded reporting on the facts of doping, literary journalism was able to give a creative account of complex sporting performances. This article examines the journalism of Jean-Louis Le Touzet in Libération as an example of suiveur reporting in the tradition of Antoine Blondin, and shows how the freedom of literary journalism allows Le Touzet to accurately reflect academic perspectives on Armstrong, politics, culture and sport.
History as neurosis: Psychoanalysis and Marxism in Édouard Glissant’s Le Discours antillais
Authors: Britton Celia
Published: March 2020

In Le Discours antillais (1981) Glissant analyses the alienation of the Martiniquan people within both a psychoanalytical and a Marxist perspective. He argues that they have repressed their consciousness of their history, so that their relation to it is neurotic. He considers psychosis to be in some sense less negative, because it is an escape from repression. But he also uses Marxism because he believes that the current state of the society derives from economic factors, specifically the collapse of the sugar cane industry: and since Martinique has no ‘real’ economy, it can have no ‘real’ social classes either. His use of both theoretical approaches is compared with the positions of Lacan and Althusser.
Understanding the dynamics of hydroxychloroquine blood levels in lupus nephritis
Authors: Pedrosa Tatiana N , Pasoto Sandra G , Aikawa Nadia E , Yuki Emily FN , Borba Eduardo F , Filho Julio CR Ferreira , Carricondo Pedro C , Zanetti Caio B , Conde Paola G , Duarte Nilo JC , Fontoura Nicole , Romano Paschoalina , Carvalho Valdemir M , Silva Clovis A , Bonfa Eloisa
Published: March 2020

Objectives

It is unknown if hydroxychloroquine blood level dynamics impact flare rates in lupus nephritis patients. We prospectively evaluated hydroxychloroquine levels to determine which blood-based patterns are more associated with disease activity.

Methods

In total, 82 lupus nephritis patients under a prescribed hydroxychloroquine dose of 4–5.5 mg/kg actual body weight (maximum 400 mg/day) for ≥3 months were evaluated at baseline and 7 months. Hydroxychloroquine blood levels were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Flare was defined as increase ≥3 in the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 score and/or a change or increase in therapy.

Results

Overall, 9/82(11%) patients had flares during follow-up and had lower baseline hydroxychloroquine blood levels than those without flares (220.4 (53.5–1471.1) vs. 1006.3 (53.5–2137.8) ng/ml, p = 0.013). The hydroxychloroquine blood level cut-off that best predicted flares was 613.5 ng/ml (odds ratio = 8.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.66–45.18, p = 0.006). For 77 (94%) patients, the 7-month hydroxychloroquine level dynamics was evaluated and revealed: 59/77 (77%) had a persistent pattern of adequate (41/77(53%)) or fluctuating (18/77 (23%)) levels, with a low and comparable risk of flares (2/41 (5%) vs. 1/18 (5%), p = 1.000). The remaining group had persistent low levels (18/77 (23%)) and their flare frequency was significantly higher than the adequate group (5/18 (28%) vs. 2/41 (5%), p = 0.023). The frequencies of adequate/inadequate hydroxychloroquine blood levels in patients were comparable at baseline and 7 months (McNemar’s test, p = 0.480).

Conclusion

We provide novel evidence that hydroxychloroquine blood-level patterns (persistently low, adequate, or intermittent) have distinct impacts on flare rates in lupus nephritis patients. These findings reinforce the need of routine hydroxychloroquine measurements to maintain the appropriate blood levels.
Protective Effects of Human Milk-Derived Exosomes on Intestinal Stem Cells Damaged by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Dong Ping , Zhang Ying , Yan Dong-yong , Wang Yi , Xu Xiu , Zhao Ying-chun , Xiao Tian-tian
Published: March 2020

Breastfeeding has been shown to have a protective effect on the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), but the mechanism remains unclear. In the context of NEC pathogenesis, many of the protective properties of exosomes on the intestinal epithelial compartment make it an ideal therapeutic target. In the present study, our hypothesis was that intestinal stem cells (ISCs) would be protected from injury by human milk-derived exosomes (HMDEs). Human breast milk was collected, and exosomes were isolated using ExoQuick reagent. Magnetic-activated cell sorting isolation of prominin-1+ ISCs was performed from small intestines of neonatal rat. ISCs were treated with or without H2O2, and HMDEs, an equal volume of HMDE-free milk, or a control solution [phosphate-buffered solution (PBS)] was added, respectively. In the absence of HMDEs, exposure of ISCs to H2O2 led to decreased cell viability. However, addition of HMDEs to ISCs exposed to H2O2 led to significantly increased ISC viability. There was a significant upregulation of mRNA expression of Axin2, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 genes of the Wnt/β-catenin axis in ISCs treated with HMDEs (6.99 ± 2.34, 4.21 ± 1.68, 6.17 ± 2.22, respectively, P < 0.05 for all), as compared to control. In the presence of carnosic acid (a specific Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor), the cell viability was significantly decreased. Thus, HMDEs protect ISCs from oxidative stress injury in vitro, which were possibly mediated via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that oral administration of HMDEs might be a promising measure in treating NEC or in preventing the development of NEC in high-risk infants when breast milk is not available.
Extent of Social Change in Family Quality of Life Index: Empirical Evidence from Selected States of India
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Rani Ritu
Published: March 2020

The present study finds family quality of life index (FQLI) for 14 states of India. The study used 55 family health indicators collected from National Family Health Survey (NFHS) for the period 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. The Wroclaw taxonomic technique is used to find the FQLI. Small improvement has been observed in FQLI (2015–2016) in comparison with FQLI (2005–2006). Out of the 14 states, Goa is ranked first and Bihar is ranked last in the FQLI for the period 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. The study confirmed the existence of interstate disparities in FQLI.