bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The pre-history of health psychology in the United Kingdom: From natural science and psychoanalysis to social science, social cognition and beyond
Authors: Murray Michael
Published: May 2017

Health psychology formally came of age in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, but it was prefigured by much discussion about challenges to the dominance of biomedicine in healthcare and debates. This articles focuses on what could be termed the pre-history of health psychology in the UK. This was the period in the earlier 20th century when psychological approaches were dominated by psychoanalysis which was followed by behaviourism and then cognitivism. Review of this pre-history provides the backdrop for the rise of health psychology in the UK and also reveals the tensions between the different theoretical perspectives.
Symptom severity, caregiver stress and intervention helpfulness assessed using ratings from parents caring for a child with autism
Authors: Shepherd Daniel , Landon Jason , Goedeke Sonja
Published: May 2017

This exploratory study assessed the relationships between autism spectrum disorder symptoms, caregiver stress and intervention helpfulness, using parent ( n = 182) ratings. Advocacy and intervention-related tasks were rated more stressful than support tasks (e.g. toileting, mealtimes), indicating that advocacy is emerging as a major caregiver task for parents. Deficits in prosocial behaviours were perceived to have the highest impact on the child’s function. No difference was found between mean helpfulness ratings across the six representative interventions taken from the New Zealand context. Differences in care-related task stress across intervention choices were better explained by differences in symptom severity, suggesting that impairment drives intervention choice. Limited evidence was uncovered suggesting that intervention helpfulness moderates the relationship between core autism spectrum disorder symptoms and parent stress.
The social status of entrepreneurs
Authors: Kalden Jan Niklas , Cunningham James , Anderson Alistair R.
Published: May 2017

The German economy is praised for its stability, creating a seemingly strong economic environment in which entrepreneurship should thrive. Our research problem is that, in spite of the strong economy, new venture creation rates are substantially lower than in other comparable economies. We employ a social constructivist approach and find that the way entrepreneurs are valued offers an explanation for this apparent inconsistency. We found strong evidence that, far from the heroic figure often attributed to entrepreneurs, German entrepreneurial identity is characterized as reckless and not sufficiently serious. Our findings have implications for understanding entrepreneurship as a career choice in Germany. More broadly, they show nuanced national differences in meaning and applications of enterprise cultures.
Ageing and redundancy and the silver lining of entrepreneurship
Authors: Stirzaker Rebecca Jane , Galloway Laura
Published: May 2017

The article reports a qualitative study of individuals aged 50+ who have been made redundant and subsequently started a firm or become self-employed. There is some literature on both entrepreneurship post-redundancy and amongst older people, but the intersection of these is little explored. In this article, the drivers and experiences of the redundant older entrepreneurs are explored and in particularly, they are viewed through the lens of Shapero and Sokol’s entrepreneurial event theory (1982). Findings include that entrepreneurship was triggered by redundancy, but though entirely reactionary, the outcomes are perceived as positive and contributory to lives, rendering the redundancy a blessing in disguise and the entrepreneurship a silver lining. The value of the article is in its exploration of a specific context of entrepreneurship, where age and redundancy are implicated not only as drivers but also as shapers of ongoing entrepreneurship. Implications for theory include that entrepreneurship occurs as a reflexive process, including both agential and structural considerations, and this explains contextualized entrepreneurship better than conceptualizations of the normative ‘entrepreneur’. Implications for policy include better understanding of the drivers and ongoing motivations of older (redundant) entrepreneurs will better inform, support and development of them and their enterprises.
Pros and Cons of 3D Image Fusion in Endovascular Aortic Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Goudeketting Seline R. , Heinen Stefan G. H. , Ünlü Çağdaş , van den Heuvel Daniel A. F. , de Vries Jean-Paul P. M. , van Strijen Marco J. , Sailer Anna M.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: To systematically review and meta-analyze the added value of 3-dimensional (3D) image fusion technology in endovascular aortic repair for its potential to reduce contrast media volume, radiation dose, procedure time, and fluoroscopy time. Methods: Electronic databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 2010 and March 2016 that included a control group describing 3D fusion imaging in endovascular aortic procedures. Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of the included studies and extracted data on iodinated contrast volume, radiation dose, procedure time, and fluoroscopy time. The contrast use for standard and complex endovascular aortic repairs (fenestrated, branched, and chimney) were pooled using a random-effects model; outcomes are reported as the mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Seven studies, 5 retrospective and 2 prospective, involving 921 patients were selected for analysis. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate (median 17, range 15–18). The use of fusion imaging led to an estimated mean reduction in iodinated contrast of 40.1 mL (95% CI 16.4 to 63.7, p=0.002) for standard procedures and a mean 70.7 mL (95% CI 44.8 to 96.6, p<0.001) for complex repairs. Secondary outcome measures were not pooled because of potential bias in nonrandomized data, but radiation doses, procedure times, and fluoroscopy times were lower, although not always significantly, in the fusion group in 6 of the 7 studies. Conclusion: Compared with the control group, 3D fusion imaging is associated with a significant reduction in the volume of contrast employed for standard and complex endovascular aortic procedures, which can be particularly important in patients with renal failure. Radiation doses, procedure times, and fluoroscopy times were reduced when 3D fusion was used.
Cardiac complications in beta-thalassemia: From mice to men
Authors: Kumfu Sirinart , Fucharoen Suthat , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: May 2017

Beta-thalassemia is an inherited hemoglobin disorder caused by reduced or absent synthesis of the beta globin chains of hemoglobin. This results in variable outcomes ranging from clinically asymptomatic to severe anemia, which then typically requires regular blood transfusion. These regular blood transfusions can result in an iron overload condition. The iron overload condition can lead to iron accumulation in various organs, especially in the heart, leading to iron overload cardiomyopathy, which is the major cause of mortality in patients with thalassemia. In the past decades, there is no doubt that the use of β-thalassemic mice as a study model to investigate the pathophysiology of iron overload cardiomyopathy and the role of various pharmacological interventions, has shed some light in understanding this serious complication and in improving the associated cardiac dysfunction. In this review, the effects that iron overload has on the hearts of β-thalassemic mice under conditions of iron overload as well as the efficacy of pharmacological interventions to combat these adverse effects on the heart are reviewed and discussed. The in-depth understanding of biomolecular alterations in the heart of these iron overload thalassemic mice will help give guidance for more effective therapeutic approaches in the near future.

Impact statement

Iron overload cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with thalassemia. Since investigation of iron overload cardiomyopathy in thalassemia patients has many limitations, a search for an animal model for this condition has been ongoing for decades. In the past decades, there is no doubt that the use of β-thalassemic mice as a study model to investigate the pathophysiology of iron overload cardiomyopathy and the role of various pharmacological interventions, has shed some light in understanding this serious complication and in improving the associated cardiac dysfunction. In this review, the effects of iron overload on the hearts of β-thalassemic mice under conditions of iron overload as well as the efficacy of pharmacological interventions to combat these adverse effects on the heart are reviewed and discussed.
Circular RNA – New member of noncoding RNA with novel functions
Authors: Hsiao Kuei-Yang , Sun H Sunny , Tsai Shaw-Jenq
Published: May 2017

A growing body of evidence indicates that circular RNAs are not simply a side product of splicing but a new class of noncoding RNAs in higher eukaryotes. The progression for the studies of circular RNAs is accelerated by combination of several advanced technologies such as next generation sequencing, gene silencing (small interfering RNAs) and editing (CRISPR/Cas9). More and more studies showed that dysregulated expression of circular RNAs plays critical roles during the development of several human diseases. Herein, we review the current advance of circular RNAs for their biosynthesis, molecular functions, and implications in human diseases.

Impact statement

The accumulating evidence indicate that circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel class of noncoding RNA with diverse molecular functions. Our review summarizes the current hypotheses for the models of circRNA biosynthesis including the direct interaction between upstream and downstream introns and lariat-driven circularization. In addition, molecular functions such as a decoy of microRNA (miRNA) termed miRNA sponge, transcriptional regulator, and protein-like modulator are also discussed. Finally, we reviewed the potential roles of circRNAs in neural system, cardiovascular system as well as cancers. These should provide insightful information for studying the regulation and functions of circRNA in other model of human diseases.
Is HIA the most effective tool to assess the impact on health of climate change mitigation policies at the local level? A case study in Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Diallo Thierno , Cantoreggi Nicola , Simos Jean , Christie Derek P. T. H.
Published: May 2017

This study aims to understand how the health dimension is integrated into four impact assessment tools used in Geneva, Switzerland: environmental impact assessment (EIA), strategic environmental assessment (SEA), sustainability assessment (SA) and health impact assessment (HIA). We have chosen as a case study greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction policies chosen by the city of Geneva. The methodological approach consists in analysing EIA, SEA, SA and HIA conducted on three projects in three topic areas: urban planning, heating and transportation. These projects are: a complex urbanisation plan in an urban neighbourhood in Geneva (the Gare des Eaux-Vives project), a sustainable transportation plan for a central district in Geneva (the St-Gervais transportation project) and a strategy to encourage the City’s employees to use sustainable transport for local business travel. The results show some shortcomings in the consideration of health in SEA, EIA and SA. This work highlights a narrow vision of health in SEA and EIA, limiting itself to a review of the effects of projects on the determinants of the physical environment as required by the legislation relating to these tools. EIA does not require the integration of the health dimension. As for SA, our research found that health is treated much more superficially than in HIA and primarily through the analysis of ‘health and safety’ criteria. It appears from this work that HIA is the tool which provides the most elaborate assessment, compared to SA, SEA or EIA, of the consequences for health of the GHG reduction policies chosen by the local decision-makers of a city. However, our study suggests that the HIA community should identify the situations in which HIA should be carried out and in which cases it is better to include health issues within an integrated analysis.
Effect of a near-universal hospitalization-based prophylaxis regimen on annual number of venous thromboembolism events in the US
Authors: Heit John A. , Crusan Daniel J. , Ashrani Aneel A. , Petterson Tanya M. , Bailey Kent R.
Published: May 2017

Key Points

Approximately 500 000 US VTE events occur annually; approximately one-half are related to current or recent hospitalization. VTE attack rates (2005-2010) did not change despite near-universal in-hospital VTE prophylaxis, possibly due to short prophylaxis duration.
X-ray crystal structure of plasmin with tranexamic acid–derived active site inhibitors
Authors: Law Ruby H. P. , Wu Guojie , Leung Eleanor W. W. , Hidaka Koushi , Quek Adam J. , Caradoc-Davies Tom T. , Jeevarajah Devadharshini , Conroy Paul J. , Kirby Nigel M. , Norton Raymond S. , Tsuda Yuko , Whisstock James C.
Published: May 2017

Key Points

Plasmin YO inhibitors form extensive interactions with the prime sites, thus anchoring the TXA moiety inside the catalytic pocket. Structural alignment analysis with urokinase and kallikrein gives insights into the molecular basis of the YO inhibitor specificity.
Non-V600BRAF Mutations Define a Clinically Distinct Molecular Subtype of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jones Jeremy C. , Renfro Lindsay A. , Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Schrock Alexa B. , Rankin Andrew , Zhang Ben Y. , Kasi Pashtoon M. , Voss Jesse S. , Leal Alexis D. , Sun James , Ross Jeffrey , Ali Siraj M. , Hubbard Joleen M. , Kipp Benjamin R. , McWilliams Robert R. , Kopetz Scott , Wolff Robert A. , Grothey Axel
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Molecular diagnostic testing has become an integral part of the evaluation of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Expanded mutational testing, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), often identifies mutations with unclear clinical or prognostic implications. One such example is BRAF mutations that occur outside of codon 600 (non-V600 BRAF mutations).

Methods

We conducted this multicenter, retrospective cohort study to characterize the clinical, pathologic, and survival implications of non-V600 BRAF mutations in metastatic CRC. We pooled patients in whom non-V600 BRAF mutations were identified from NGS databases at three large molecular genetics reference laboratories.

Results

A total of 9,643 patients with metastatic CRC underwent NGS testing. We identified 208 patients with non-V600 BRAF mutations, which occurred in 2.2% of all patients tested and accounted for 22% of all BRAF mutations identified. Cancers with non-V600 BRAF mutations, compared with cancers with V600E BRAF (V600E BRAF) mutations, were found in patients who were significantly younger (58 v 68 years, respectively), fewer female patients (46% v 65%, respectively), and patients who had fewer high-grade tumors (13% v 64%, respectively) or right-sided primary tumors (36% v 81%, respectively). Median overall survival was significantly longer in patients with non-V600 BRAF-mutant metastatic CRC compared with those with both V600E BRAF-mutant and wild-type BRAF metastatic CRC (60.7 v 11.4 v 43.0 months, respectively; P < .001). In multivariable analysis, non-V600 BRAF mutation was independently associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.18; P < .001).

Conclusion

Non-V600 BRAF mutations occur in approximately 2.2% of patients with metastatic CRC and define a clinically distinct subtype of CRC with an excellent prognosis.
Clinical Presentation and Gene Expression Profiling of Immunoglobulin M Multiple Myeloma Compared With Other Myeloma Subtypes and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Atrash Shebli , Zhang Qing , Papanikolaou Xenofon , Stein Caleb , Abdallah Al-Ola , Barlogie Bart
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal bone marrow disease characterized by the neoplastic transformation of differentiated postgerminal B cells. It is a heterogeneous disease both at the genetic level and in terms of clinical outcome. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) MM is a rare subtype of myeloma. Similar to Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), patients with MM experience IgM monoclonal gammopathy; however, both diseases are distinct in terms of treatment and clinical behavior.

Materials and Methods

To shed light on the presentation of IgM MM, its prognosis, and its gene expression profiling, we identified and characterized 21 patients with IgM MM from our database.

Results

One of these patients presented with a rare IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance that progressed to smoldering myeloma. The median survival of the 21 patients was 4.9 years, which was comparable to a matched group of patients with non-IgM MM with similar myeloma prognostic factors (age, gender, albumin, creatinine, anemia, lactate dehydrogenase, β2-microglobulin, cytogenetics abnormalities), but much less than the median survival reported for patients with WM (9 years). We identified a cluster of genes that differ in their expression profile between MM and WM and found that the patients with IgM MM displayed a gene expression profile most similar to patients with non-IgM MM, confirming that IgM MM is a subtype of MM that should be differentiated from WM.

Conclusion

Because the prognosis of IgM MM and WM differ significantly, an accurate diagnosis is essential. Our gene expression model can assist with the differential diagnosis in controversial cases.
Adherence to and Implementation of ASCO Antiemetic Guidelines in Routine Practice in a Tertiary Cancer Center in India
Authors: Patil Vijay M. , Noronha Vanita , Joshi Amit , Ramaswamy Anant , Gupta Sudeep , Sahu Arvind , Doshi Vipul , Gupta Tarachand , Rath Sushmita , Banavali Shripad , Prabhash Kumar
Published: May 2017

Background:

Nonadherence of antiemetic prescriptions to evidence-based antiemetic guidelines is associated with an increased proportion of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The current project was carried out to improve the quality of antiemetic prescriptions at our institute.

Methods:

We initially performed a retrospective analysis of 1,211 consecutive antiemetic prescription records of adult patients with solid tumors who received outpatient chemotherapy regimens. The antiemetic prescription records were classified as either ASCO-guideline adherent or nonadherent, and the impact on emesis was studied. These data were used to educate clinicians regarding the importance of adherence to guidelines. We then revised our antiemetic prescription policies and made their use mandatory. In addition, a double-check system was introduced to ensure implementation. A reaudit was performed to study the impact of these interventions.

Results:

ASCO-guideline–adherent prescriptions in the initial part of our study were associated with a lower rate of vomiting (6.6% v 21.9%; P < .001), emergency visits (2.6% v 5.8%; P = .006), and hospitalization for emesis (0.9% v 4.9%; P < .001). The proportion of prescriptions classified as ASCO-guideline adherent in the initial audit and the reaudit were 63.6% and 98.5%, respectively ( P < .001). The proportion of patients for whom antiemetic prescriptions were overused was significantly lower on the reaudit (41.3% v 68.3% before the interventions; P = .001).

Conclusion:

Mandatory, semirigid corrective steps as carried out in this audit led to an improvement in antiemetic-guideline adherence rate.
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in MEN2A: ATA Moderate- or High-Risk RET Mutations Do Not Predict Disease Aggressiveness
Authors: Voss Rachel K , Feng Lei , Lee Jeffrey E , Perrier Nancy D , Graham Paul H , Hyde Samuel M , Nieves-Munoz Frances , Cabanillas Maria E , Waguespack Steven G , Cote Gilbert J , Gagel Robert F , Grubbs Elizabeth G
Published: May 2017

Context

High-risk RET mutations (codon 634) are associated with earlier development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and presumed increased aggressiveness compared with moderate-risk RET mutations.

Objective

To determine whether high-risk RET mutations are more aggressive.

Design

Retrospective cohort study using institutional multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 registry.

Setting

Tertiary cancer care center.

Patients

Patients with MTC and moderate- or high-risk germline RET mutation.

Intervention

None (observational study).

Main Outcome Measures

Proxies for aggressiveness were overall survival (OS) and time to distant metastatic disease (DMD).

Results

A total of 127 moderate-risk and 135 high-risk patients were included (n = 262). Median age at diagnosis was 42.3 years (range, 6.4 to 86.4 years; mean, 41.6 years) for moderate-risk mutations and 23.0 years (range, 3.7 to 66.8 years; mean, 25.6 years) for high-risk mutations (P < 0.0001). Moderate-risk patients had more T3/T4 tumors at diagnosis (P = 0.03), but there was no significant difference for N or M stage and no significant difference in OS (P = 0.40). From multivariable analysis for OS, increasing age [hazard ratio (HR), 1.05/y; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03 to 1.08], T3/T4 tumor (HR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.22 to 6.11), and M1 status at diagnosis (HR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.61 to 9.59) were significantly associated with worse OS but high-risk mutation was not (P = 0.40). No significant difference was observed for development of DMD (P = 0.33). From multivariable analysis for DMD, only N1 status at diagnosis was significant (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.03 to 4.27).

Conclusions

Patients with high- and moderate-risk RET mutations had similar OS and development of DMD after MTC diagnosis and therefore similarly aggressive clinical courses. High-risk connotes increased disease aggressiveness; thus, future guidelines should consider RET mutation classification by disease onset (early vs late) rather than by risk (high vs moderate).
A Failure to Communicate? Doctors and Nurses in American Hospitals
Authors: Michel Lucie
Published: May 2017

This article showcases the realities and challenges of teamwork in American hospitals based on the in situ comparison with France. Drawing on observation of nurse-physician interactions in hospitals in the two nations, this article highlights a troubling conflict between teamwork rhetoric and realities on the ward. Although the use of informatics systems such as electronic health records is supposed to increase cooperation, the observations presented here show that on the contrary, it inhibits communication that is becoming mainly virtual. While the nursing profession is more developed and provides stronger education in the United States, this story highlights the challenges in creating a shared environment of work and suggests the importance of balancing professional autonomy and effective teamwork.
Closing Kynect and Restructuring Medicaid Threaten Kentucky's Health and Economy
Authors: Wright Charles B. , Vanderford Nathan L.
Published: May 2017

Following passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in the United States, the Kentucky Health Benefit Exchange, Kynect, began operating in Kentucky in October 2013. Kentucky expanded Medicaid eligibility in January 2014. Together, Kynect and Medicaid expansion provided access to affordable health care coverage to hundreds of thousands of individuals in Kentucky. However, following the Kentucky gubernatorial election in 2015, the newly inaugurated governor moved to dismantle Kynect and restructure the Medicaid expansion, jeopardizing public health gains and the state economy. As the first state to announce both the closure and restructuring of a state health insurance marketplace and Medicaid expansion, Kentucky may serve as a test case for the rest of the nation for reversal of ACA-related health policies. This article describes Kynect and the Kentucky Medicaid expansion and examines the potential short-term and long-term impacts that may occur following changes in state health policy. Furthermore, this article will offer potential strategies to ameliorate the expected negative impacts of disruption of both Kynect and the Medicaid expansion, such as the creation of a new state insurance marketplace under a new governor, the implementation of a private option, and increasing the state minimum wage for workers.
GATA2 expression and biochemical recurrence following salvage radiation therapy for relapsing prostate cancer
Authors: Robinson Jessica L , Tzou Katherine S , Parker Alexander S , Heckman Michael G , Wu Kevin J , Hilton Tracy W , Pisansky Thomas M , Schild Steven E , Peterson Jennifer L , Vallow Laura A , Buskirk Steven J
Published: May 2017

Objective:

High GATA2 expression has been associated with an increased risk of poor clinical outcomes after radical prostatectomy; however, this has not been studied in relation to risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after salvage radiation therapy (SRT) for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Our aim was to evaluate the association between protein expression levels of GATA2 in primary prostate cancer tumour samples and the risk of BCR after SRT.

Methods:

109 males who were treated with SRT were included. The percentage of cells with nuclear staining and GATA2 staining intensity were both measured. These two measures were multiplied together to obtain a GATA2 H-score (range 0–12) which was our primary GATA2 staining measure.

Results:

In unadjusted analysis, the risk of BCR was higher for patients with a GATA2 H-score >4 (hazard ratio = 2.04, p = 0.033). In multivariable analysis adjusting for SRT dose, pre-SRT PSA, pathological tumour stage and Gleason score, this association weakened substantially (hazard ratio = 1.45, p = 0.31). This lack of an independent association with BCR appears to be the result of correlations between GATA2 H-score >4 and higher pre-SRT PSA (p = 0.021), higher Gleason score (p = 0.044) and more severe pathological tumour stage (p = 0.068).

Conclusion:

Higher levels of GATA2 expression appear to be a marker of prostate cancer severity; however, these do not provide independent prognostic information regarding BCR beyond that of validated clinicopathological risk factors.

Advances in knowledge:

A higher GATA2 expression level appears to be correlated with known measures of prostate cancer severity and therefore is likely not an independent marker of outcome after SRT.
Species delimitation in the recalcitrant moss genus Rhynchostegiella (Brachytheciaceae)
Authors: Patiño Jairo , Hedenäs Lars , Dirkse Gérard M. , Ignatov Michael S. , Papp Beáta , Müller Frank , González-Mancebo Juana M. , Vanderpoorten Alain
Published: May 2017

Bryophytes, with their reduced morphologies and challenging taxonomy, appear as ideal candidates for the application of the fast‐developing tools of molecular species delimitation. Here, we apply species delimitation techniques to the moss genus Rhynchostegiella, which has long served as a convenient repository for small pleurocarpous species. Species delimitation analyses, including the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent approach and its Bayesian variant, congruently identified 13 putative species within Rhynchostegiella. To avoid inflation in the number of species with sympatric distributions that can only be recognized molecularly, we identified only one species when two or more molecular species were monophyletic, sympatric, and morphologically impossible to tell apart. After exclusion of 33 species from the genus based on earlier revisions or studies of type specimens, we recognized 11 Rhynchostegiella species. Eight of these species were already described, but were recircumscribed. In particular, the widespread R. litorea is split into three species with narrower distribution ranges: R. litorea s.str. occurs across continental Europe, western Asia and Africa (excluding Macaronesia), while R. pseudolitorea sp. nov. and R. tubulosa sp. nov. are Macaronesian and Aegean‐Cypriotic endemics, respectively. The Macaronesian endemic R. macilenta is reduced to synonymy with R. teneriffae while the Macaronesian endemic status of R. bourgeana is re‐instated. Altogether, Rhynchostegiella thus includes four Macaronesian endemic species, namely R. azorica, R. bourgeana, R. pseudolitorea, and R. trichophylla, making it the bryophyte genus with the highest number of Macaronesian endemic species. Given the difficulties in identifying some of those species from morphology, as highlighted in the identification key presented here, we describe easy‐to‐use DNA “barcodes” that can be a useful tool for specimen identification when key morphological characters lead to uncertain identification.
Disentangling relationships among the members of the Silene saxífraga alliance (Caryophyllaceae): Phylogenetic structure is geographically rather than taxonomically segregated
Authors: Durovic Sanja , Schönswetter Peter , Niketic Marjan , Tomovic Gordana , Frajman Božo
Published: May 2017

Out of ca. 700 species belonging to Silene, 15 to 35 were classified in S. sect. Saxifragoideae. This section has its highest diversity on the Balkan Peninsula, which was the most important European Pleistocene refugium. The most widespread of the species is S. saxifraga ranging from the Pyrenees to the Carpathians. Together with ten morphologically similar taxa it is often treated as the S. saxifraga group, but the relationships among the taxa are unclear and blurred due to the occurrence of transitional forms. In this study, we used sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the plastid rps16 intron as well as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among the taxa belonging to—or hypothesized to be closely related to—S. sect. Saxifragoideae, covering the section’s entire geographical range. Phylogenetic analyses of 112 populations belonging to 33 taxa clarified previous classifications and showed that S. cephallenia, S. congesta, S. linoides, S. multicaulis, S. schwarzenbergeri and S. waldsteinii are clearly differentiated from all other taxa, which in turn form the newly circumscribed S. saxifraga group. Phylogenetic relationships within the latter are unresolved, and are governed by geographic proximity rather than by taxonomic identity. This is likely a result of recent rapid radiation and range expansion, as well as of convergent morphological evolution triggered by similar environmental selection pressures. The southern parts of the Balkan Peninsula are the centre of genetic diversity of the group, underlining the area’s importance as a sanctuary of diversification of European biota.
We’re Number 1: Price Wars for Market Share Leadership
Authors: Cabral Luís
Published: May 2017

I examine the dynamics of oligopolies when firms derive subjective value from market leadership. In equilibrium, prices alternate in tandem between high levels and occasional price wars, which take place when market leadership is at stake. The stationary distribution of market shares is typically multimodal; that is, much of the time, there is a stable market leader. Even though shareholders do not value market leadership per se, a corporate culture that values market leadership may increase shareholder value.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2725 .

This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Regulation among leaders for service improvement
Authors: Singh Navneet , Stanage Faye
Published: May 2017

The NHS consistently appears in our national news. High profile headlines about poor care and avoidable deaths, alongside the junior doctor contract dispute and the most recent winter crisis, have exposed low morale and a service under immense pressure. There is a mistrust between clinical staff and senior leaders, with the former being responsible for clinical care within a work environment and culture dictated by the latter. Doctors, nurses and allied health professionals must register, at their own expense, with their respective regulatory bodies to practice and face sanctions for breaches of their codes of conduct. Although healthcare organisations are regulated and monitored, no such mandatory licensing is required to manage UK healthcare. This article highlights that policy and strategic decision making by senior leaders and politicians directly impacts on patients. In this commentary, the authors argue that, to protect patients, it should become necessary for policy and strategic decision-makers in healthcare to adhere to the same mandatory regulatory standards that healthcare professionals do. Otherwise, we fail to place patients at the heart of policy decision making and reforms.
Kinesio taping versus postural correction exercises on mechanically triggered neck dysfunction
Authors: Elabd Aliaa , Ibrahim Abeer , Elhafez Haytham
Published: May 2017

Background/Aims:

Mechanically triggered cervicalgia is a common complain worldwide. Postural exercises are commonly used for its treatment. Kinesio taping has been proved to help many musculoskeletal disorders. We aimed to determine and compare the efficacy of kinesio taping and postural exercises in mechanical neck dysfunction.

Methods:

Forty-five patients, aged 18–40 years with mechanical neck dysfunction were randomly assigned into two different groups, and received 4 weeks of treatment. Group A received kinesio taping, and group B received postural exercises. Neck pain, disability, cervical curvature and upper trapezius activities were measured pre and post treatment by visual analogue scale, neck disability index, flexible ruler and electromyography. Between group comparisons were performed using multivariate analysis of variance and intra-group comparisons were performed using paired t test.

Findings:

Group-by-time interaction was significant in the multivariable test. Post hoc tests revealed that kinesio taping produced more pain reduction than the postural exercises. However, there was no significant interaction for disability, cervical curvature and upper trapezius activities.

Conclusion:

Kinesio taping has been found to be more effective than postural exercises to reduce pain. However, both have the same effect regarding disability, muscle activities and cervical curvature.
Interval circuit training for cardiorespiratory fitness is feasible for people after stroke
Authors: Marsden Dianne L , Dunn Ashlee , Callister Robin , McElduff Patrick , Levi Christopher R , Spratt Neil J
Published: May 2017

Aims:

To determine if community-dwelling stroke survivors can achieve exercise intensities sufficient to improve cardiorespiratory fitness during a single session of circuit training using an interval training approach.

Methods:

Thirteen independently ambulant participants within 1 year of stroke were included in this observational study (females=54%; median age=65.6 years; interquartile range=23.9). Exercise intensities were assessed throughout an individually tailored circuit of up to seven 5-minute workstations from a selection of nine functional (e.g. walking, stairs, balance) and three ergometer (upright cycle, rower, treadmill) workstations. The interval durations ranged from 5–60 seconds. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was recorded continuously using a portable metabolic system. The average VO2 during each 30-second epoch was determined. VO2≥10.5 mL/kg/min was categorised as ≥moderate intensity.

Findings:

Participants exercised at VO2≥10.5 mL/kg/min for the majority of the time on the workstations [functional: 369/472 epochs (78%), ergometer: 170/204 epochs (83%)]. Most (69%) participants exercised for ≥30 minutes. No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions:

Applying interval training principles to a circuit of functional and ergometer workstations enabled ambulant participants to exercise at an intensity and for a duration that can improve cardiorespiratory fitness. The training approach appears feasible, safe and a promising way to incorporate both cardiorespiratory fitness and functional training into post-stroke management.
Children missing in education
Authors: Ryder Rebekah
Published: May 2017

More must be done to find and support the tens of thousands of children routinely missing in education, says Dr Rebekah Ryder
Supporting support staff
Authors: Cocker-Goring Katherine
Published: May 2017

In the school team, every person counts. School leader Katherine Cocker-Goring discusses her work to boost CPD and development for support staff and to more closely link student progress and staff development
Avoiding the tripwires
Authors: McLean Colin
Published: May 2017

Headteacher Paul Gray speaks to Colin McLean about the lessons he has learned from headship during a tough period for his school
Coping with the news
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2017

With terrorism, Brexit and economic troubles dominating 24/7 news, how can we help the young to be more resilient in uncertain times? Dr Stephanie Thornton advises
Teacher stress is most closely linked to high job demands
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: May 2017

Study reveals regular abuse from parents and long working hours, but clearest predictor of stress among teachers is high job demands
Is there creativity in your classroom?
Authors: Matthews Martin
Published: May 2017

Creativity is not just for art, music or after-school clubs. Teacher Martin Matthews explains how we must all try to bring creativity into our classrooms – no matter what the subject (or the curriculum)
Editorial
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: May 2017

It is time to call an end to the free schools experiment and focus on properly funding every school, says SecEd editor Pete Henshaw
Independent advocacy services for looked-after children and young people: evidencing the impact
Authors: Wood Marsha
Published: May 2017

This article considers the data collection practices of voluntary sector advocacy organisations and the impact that poor recording of referral and outcome information can have on the future of independent advocacy services for looked-after children. The article draws on research conducted by the author exploring the characteristics of young people using voluntary sector advocacy services. The study involved the collection of information from 11 voluntary sector advocacy organisations during the year April 2010 to March 2011 on the young people using their independent advocacy services. While the data provided gives some important information, a lack of systematic recording by organisations meant that we were unable to get a detailed picture of service use and effect. The article argues that a lack of available evidence may hamper the long-term future of this important area of voluntary sector support for looked-after children.
Ama-esnea, gizadiaren bermea
Authors: Erdozain Fernández Amaia Maite
Published: May 2017

Gizarte guztietan eta mendeetan zehar mantendu izan den edoskitzeak gizadiaren biziraupena ziurtatu du. Gaur egun ere, emakume gehienek haien seme-alabei haien ugatzek ekoiztutako ama-esnea eskaintzen jarraitzen dute. Umea titi aurrean jartzea bezain sinplea dirudien praktika hau, hala ere, amaren gorputzean ematen den mekanismo konplexu eta oso fin batek bermatua dago. Testu honetan edoskitzearen fisiologia aztertuko dugu: nola ekoizten da esnea amaren ugatzean? Zein osagai ditu? Zerk eragiten du esnea bularretik irtenaraztea? Garunak ba al du zeresanik prozesu horretan? Eta behin prozesu honen fisiologia eta erregulazio konplexua azalduta, iritzi-artikulu honetan ama-esne honen onurak defendatuko dira, norbere haurrarentzat egokiena den elikagaia dela argudiatuz, eta Osasunaren Mundu Erakundearen gomendioetan oinarrituz.
Hitzaurrea
Authors: Pou Josep
Published: May 2017

"Potentzia-elektronika: teknologia eta aplikazioak" Ale bereziaren hizaurrea."Definizioz, potentzia-elektronika, energia elektrikoaren forma eta fluxua era kontrolatuan bihurtzea ahalbideratzen duen teknologia da. Horrela, korronte jarraitua alternora bihur daiteke eta alderantziz, baita korronte- eta tentsio-mailak aldatu ere. Gaur egun, potentzia-elektronika, berebiziko garrantzia duten hainbat sektoreen garapenerako berebiziko diziplina da, hala nola energia berriztagarrietarako, garraioaren elektrifikaziorako, energia elektrikoaren transmisio eta distribuziorako, potentziaren kalitaterako eta energiaren metaketarako, besteak beste. Gizarte modernoetan potentzia- elektronikak duen garrantzia hain da handia, herrialde bakoitzak erabiltzen duen potentzia-elektronika sistemen kopuruaren arabera defini daitekeela herrialde baten garapen-maila..."
Aportaciones del activismo femenino a la construcción del movimiento vecinal durante el tardofranquismo. Algunos elementos para el debate
Authors: Bordetas Jiménez Ivan
Published: May 2017

El presente artículo pretende ahondar en el estudio del proceso de articulación de aquellas redes sociales que se tejieron en los suburbios y barrios populares de las principales ciudades españolas durante la dictadura franquista y que acabaron desembocando en la construcción de un potente movimiento vecinal. Se intentará arrojar luz sobre aquellos grupos de mujeres que, contrariamente a su evidente protagonismo en el proceso de autoorganización y movilización vecinal, menos atención han recibido por parte de la historiografía que se ha acercado a los movimientos sociales urbanos. Por último, se intentarán plantear algunas de las problemáticas asociadas a la participación femenina en el movimiento vecinal desde una perspectiva de género y con una mínima atención a la categoría juventud.
Mujeres jóvenes en la Transición Democrática: la Coordinadora y la Asamblea de Mujeres de Valencia
Authors: Verdugo Martí Vicenta
Published: May 2017

El presente artículo aborda la participación y militancia en el movimiento feminista valenciano de una generación de mujeres nacidas entre 1947 y 1962, por lo que vivieron parte de su juventud durante la Transición Democrática. A partir de sus testimonios orales, se recogen los primeros contactos con la política y el feminismo, la problemática relación de las doble-militantes con la política partidista y/o sindical, así como la diversidad de grupos feministas que fueron surgiendo en el panorama transicional valenciano. Igualmente, a través de las voces de las jóvenes feministas se narran las experiencias de militancia, la búsqueda de independencia del movimiento feminista respecto a los partidos de la izquierda y el activismo desarrollado por las plataformas feministas Coordinadora de Mujeres y Asamblea de Mujeres de Valencia entre los años 1976 a 1982.
Los feminismos franceses frente al relevo generacional del nuevo milenio: un activismo entre ruptura y continuidad.
Authors: Bergès Karine
Published: May 2017

Esta investigación reflexiona en torno al relevo generacional en el seno del movimiento feminista francés a partir de los enfoques ideológicos, repertorios de actuación y formas de organización de colectivos jóvenes que vieron la luz en la década de los años 2000. Partiendo de las trayectorias de algunos grupos feministas de la tercera ola que reivindican tanto un feminismo moderado como un feminismo radical, examinaremos su identificación o falta de identificación con respecto al legado de las generaciones feministas anteriores y analizaremos cuáles son las herramientas a su alcance, en particular las nuevas tecnologías, para revitalizar las praxis feministas en la época contemporánea.
Gernikako Arbola, un himno huérfano
Authors: Zabaltza Pérez-Nievas Xabier
Published: May 2017

La primera interpretación documentada del Gernikako Arbola tuvo lugar en Madrid en 1853. Considerado ya en vida de su autor como himno nacional vasco, no es, en cambio, un himno nacionalista. Es un canto a la solidaridad de Álava, Guipúzcoa, Navarra y Vizcaya, pero sin cuestionar la unidad de España. Ha contado con una difusión extraordinaria también en las provincias vasco-francesas de Baja Navarra, Labort y Sola, así como en las colectividades vascas del exterior. Por razones opuestas, ha sido rechazado por sectores del navarrismo y del nacionalismo vasco. El universalismo y el pacifismo que rezuma el Gernikako Arbola lo diferencian de otros himnos patrióticos.
La oportunidad, el ambiente, la hora: La Primera Guerra Mundial en las prácticas del catalanismo radical de Buenos Aires
Authors: Lucci Marcela
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo estudia la influencia de la Primera Guerra Mundial en la evolución del catalanismo radical en América durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Centra el análisis en los «catalanes de América» porteños, el sector del colectivo catalán que desde la capital argentina contribuyó a diseñar las características principales del separatismo radical de ultramar. Profundiza en su etapa más activa durante el siglo XX, integrándola al cisma que la guerra produjo en la civilización occidental y a las nuevas corrientes de pensamiento que aparecieron en el campo teórico europeo. Indaga también en la posición del grupo hacia el conflicto armado. Finalmente, estudia la impronta de la Gran Guerra en el proceso de construcción y reproducción de la cosmovisión y del activismo del catalanismo porteño.
El socialismo español ante el cambio político posfranquista: apoyo internacional y federalización
Authors: Mateos Abdón
Published: May 2017

Hasta las primeras elecciones democráticas en junio de 1977, un núcleo supercentralizado, compuesto básicamente por socialistas andaluces y vascos, con el apoyo de cuadros de la segunda generación del exilio, lograría reconstituir federaciones del PSOE y de UGT en la mayor parte de las provincias españolas. Pocos años después, lograría culminar la unidad socialista, con congresos refundacionales en el caso de Cataluña y de USO, o mediante la absorción de fracciones de otras formaciones socialistas y socialdemócratas de ámbito nacional o regional. Con el logro de la unidad socialista, la construcción del “partido de la transición” recibió un decisivo impulso, aunque la federalización del PSOE se demoraría hasta la década de los años ochenta, a la par que se construía el Estado de las Autonomías.El apoyo de los partidos y sindicatos socialistas europeos, sobre todo los que estaban en el gobierno, tuvo un peso notable en el realce de la imagen socialista. Sin embargo, resultan exageradas las visiones que minimizan el número de militantes en el momento de la muerte de Franco y que basan toda su interpretación en el apoyo político y económico de la socialdemocracia alemana. El apoyo de los alemanes, junto a la presión diplomática de los laboristas británicos y de otros gobernantes socialistas europeos, sí jugó un papel muy relevante hasta las primeras elecciones. Sin embargo, la influencia logística e ideológica de los socialistas franceses durante el tardofranquismo y de los intelectuales italianos a partir de las elecciones de 1977 fue más notable que la de los germanos o los británicos.
Influencia del uso de diferentes formas de medir la Creatinina en los laboratorios de la provincia de Entre Ríos. Su impacto en la implementación del Programa Nacional de Prevención de la Enfermedad Renal.
Authors: Bergara María Belén , Torres María Lía
Published: May 2017

En las Guías de Práctica Clínica sobre Detección de Enfermedad Renal Crónica en adultos la determinación de creatinina aparece en tres índices. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto que podría tener la medida de creatinina por un mismo método y reactivo  pero de forma manual o automatizada, sobre el cálculo del Índice de Filtrado Glomerular.En general no  se encontraron diferencias significativas en el valor consenso obtenido por ambos grupos. Cuando se comparan  los coeficientes de variación, en el 80% de las encuestas el CV% interlaboratorial del grupo de autoanalizadoreses menor, sin embargo, según el estadístico F la diferencia es significativa solo en el 25% de los casos.En cuanto al impacto sobre el Índice de Filtrado Glomerular estimado (IFGe)  pudo concluirse la imperiosa necesidad de implementar estrategias para disminuir los CV interlaboratorio  ya que la dispersión de datos puede hacer que  se definan situaciones clínicas diferentes para un mismo paciente.