bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology for producing kvass with useful properties
Authors: Харламова Л.Н. , Синельникова М.Ю. , Матвеева Д.Ю.
Published: September 2024

Потребительский спрос на полезные продукты растет все стремительнее. Эта тенденция затрагивает все области пищевой промышленности, и безалкогольные напитки не исключение. Одним из таких напитков является квас, а использование растительного сырья повышает функциональные свойства напитка. Примером такого сырья может служить свекла, которая, согласно исследованиям, повышает уровень антиоксидантов, витаминов и минералов в организме. Объектами исследования были образцы сока свеклы и кваса, полученного путем брожения свекольного сока. Образцы сока и кваса были проанализированы по физико-химическим показателям, аминокислотному составу, составу органических кислот и содержанию органических соединений. Основная задача состояла в подборе режимов получения кваса с физиологическим воздействием на организм человека, который способствует укреплению здоровья и повышает иммунитет. В полученном образце кваса обнаружены аминокислоты, в том числе незаменимые, органические кислоты (янтарная, лимонная, молочная, яблочная, щавелевая). Также были определены массовая доля сухих веществ (3,8 %), кислотность (6,4 к. ед.), массовая концентрация общего азота (2728,5 мг/дм3), массовая доля рибофлавина (0,2 мг/дм3), общих полифенолов (250,8 мг/дм3), катехинов (217,7 мг/дм3) и бетанина (2,0 мг/дм3). Полученный напиток обладает не только сенсорной привлекательностью и рядом питательных преимуществ благодаря своему составу, но и маркетинговым потенциалом для российского рынка.

Consumer demand for healthy products is growing more rapidly. This trend affects all areas of the food industry, and soft drinks are no exception. One of these drinks is kvass, and the use of vegetable raw materials increases the functional properties of the drink. An example of such raw materials is beetroot, which, according to research, increases the level of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals in the body. The objects of the study were samples of beet juice and kvass obtained by fermentation of beet juice. Samples of juice and kvass were analyzed according to physico-chemical parameters, amino acid composition, composition of organic acids and content of organic compounds. The main task was to select the modes of obtaining kvass with a physiological effect on the human body, which promotes health and increases immunity. Results and discussion. Amino acids, including essential organic acids (succinic, citric, lactic, malic, oxalic) were found in the resulting sample of kvass. The following were also determined: the mass fraction of dry substances (3,8 %), acidity (6,4 k units), the mass concentration of total nitrogen (2728,5 mg/dm3), the mass fraction of riboflavin (0,2 mg/dm3), the mass fraction of total polyphenols (250,8 mg/dm3), the mass fraction of catechins (217,7 mg/dm3) and the mass fraction of betanin (2,0 mg/dm3). The resulting drink has not only sensory appeal and a number of nutritional benefits due to its composition, but also marketing potential for the Russian market.
HPTLC Phytochemical Profiling and Simultaneous Quantification of Quercetin and Gallic in Prosopis juliflora (Sw.)
Authors: Kumar Shrivastava Anant , Verma Shikhar , Awasthi Himani
Published: October 2024

Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) commonly known as jangli babool or vilayati babool have several bioactive compounds of therapeutic needs. The presence of various bioactive compounds and markers specifically, quercetin and gallic acid in the methanolic extract of Prosopis juliflora (fruiting aerial part) denotes their valuable pharmacological activities. Therefore, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis with simultaneous quantification of quercetin and gallic acid was done for their phytochemical profiling.The phytochemical profiling and simultaneous quantification of quercetin and gallic acid of methanolic extract of Prosopis juliflora through CAMAG HPTLC analysis was determined and results were obtained in the form of chromatogram scanned at the wavelength 254nm and 366nm. Phytochemical profiling of the plant was presented in the tables showing the number of peaks, peak area, area percentage and Rf values. 14 compounds were present in sample 1 and 9 compounds were present in sample 2 denoted by the number of peaks as represented in chromatograms of test samples. Peak area and height were used to quantify quercetin and gallic acid. Quercetin was found to be 1.364% in sample 1 and 0.27% in Sample 2 while gallic acid was 0.088% in sample 1 only. Importance of this research is to rationalize the therapeutic properties of Prosopis juliflora in the indian traditional medicinal system and phytochemical profiling and simultaneous quantification of quercetin and gallic acid reveals that Prosopis juliflora have several bioactive compounds and this might be accountable for their future application in the field of pharmacognostic and pharmacological drug discovery.
Qualitative and Quantitative Tests on the Ingredients of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) Fruit Extract as an Alternative Therapy for Infertility in Endometriosis
Authors: Beru Brahmana Ivanna , Purwanto Purwanto , Soetrisno Soetrisno , Purwanto Bambang , Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini
Published: October 2024

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease with complaints of pain, infertility, or both, up to 35-50%. The fruit extract of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) contains antioxidants and anti-inflammatories, has anticancer prospects and is expected to have ingredients as an alternative therapy for treating infertility in endometriosis. To conduct qualitative and quantitative tests on the content of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract, which is expected to contain substances that act as an alternative to infertility therapy in endometriosis. Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) was ripened, and its seeds were extracted using 95% ethanol twice. The results of extracts 1 and 2 were combined and then examined by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The research was conducted at the Pharmacognosy-Phytochemical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Qualitative test showed that 95% ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit contains flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids. Quantitative test using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method obtained a flavonoid content of 131.51-189.89µg/ml, equivalent to quercetin, in 6 repetitions, with a wavelength of 510 nm. Phaleria macrocarpa fruit contained flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids. The level of steroids contained in the fruit extract of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) had not been obtained in this study.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASTHMA CONTROL SCORE AND SMALL AIRWAY DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Ahmad Hussain , Farooqi Rukhsana Javed , Ashraf Saadia
Published: September 2024

Objective: To determine the correlation between asthma control score and small airway dysfunction.
Patients and methods: Patients presenting to the OPD of Pulmonology with a diagnosis of asthma were enrolled in the study. Their asthma control was assessed via a validated scale rating from 5-25 (Asthma control test) and their spirometry was performed. Mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) was taken to measure small airway dysfunction. All the spirometric parameters including FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, and FEF25-75% were obtained. The data was analyzed via SPSS 22. Pearson’s correlation between ACT score and FEF25-75% was calculated. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: A total of 78 adult patients were enrolled of which 42.3% were males. The Mean age of them was 46.79 (±17.7), BMI 26.86 (± 7.2), and FEV1 was 53.1% predicted (± 20.7). Five percent of patients had normal FEV/FVC but low FEF25-75%. The Pearson’s correlation between ACT score and FEF25-75% was 0.289 (p=008). After linear regression analysis, an R2 of 0.11 was obtained.
Conclusion:
We found a statistically significant but weak correlation between asthma control score and small airway dysfunction. FEF25-75% may be of value in the diagnosis of asthma when the patient has symptoms and conventional spirometry is normal.
Keywords: Asthma, Asthma Control Test, Small Airway Dysfunction
Rare cause of pneumothorax: Birt Hogg Dube syndrome
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Marmara University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey., Cinar Caner
Published: September 2024

Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome (BHDS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease described in 1977. It is characterized by benign skin hamartomas often located on the head and neck, lung cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax and increased risk of kidney cancer.
Improving Software Defect Prediction Accuracy through Modified Entropy Calculation in the Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Ranjeetsingh Suryawanshi
Published: September 2024

Assume the scenario in which you are attempting to categorize software defects for a broad dataset. Which algorithm do you think will be the most effective for accomplishing that? Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Neural Networks, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbours, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and other techniques are among those that can be utilized to solve the problem described above. The Random Forest technique, which allows for the generation of predictions through the utilization of many Decision Trees, is one of the most often utilized methods. Entropy, a complicated computation that examines the degree of uncertainty in the data, is the foundation upon which this algorithm is built. It is possible that the calculation of entropy, which is a function that uses natural logarithm, will take a significant amount of time. Does one know of a more accurate method for calculating entropy? The Taylor series expression was utilized in this investigation to investigate a different approach to calculating the natural logarithm. Any function may be approximated by utilizing its derivatives, and this series, which is made up of the sum of infinite terms, is what it is. Also, we updated the Random Forest algorithm by substituting the natural logarithm with the Taylor series equation in the Entropy calculation. This was done in order to achieve these modifications. Following the implementation of our improved algorithm on the dataset, we examined its performance in comparison to the Entropy formula that was first developed. An improvement in the algorithm's accuracy in predicting software defects was discovered by us as a result of our update to the technique
Primavera para Sedlmayr? O futuro da história da arte nazista
Authors: Binstock Benjamin
Published: September 2024

Ao reconsiderar a chamada Escola de Viena e o papel que ela pode desempenhar no futuro da história da arte, o presente artigo se concentra na controversa figura de Hans Sedlmayr (1896-1984). Para alguns, Sedlmayr - um nazista fanático - representa uma espécie de nó górdio na história da história da arte, que seria melhor cortar e descartar. No entanto, cremos que reservar tempo para desembaraçar os fios que se atam em sua obra é crucial para entender o significado mais amplo da Escola de Viena.
Traumatic Hallux Fracture
Authors: Subramanian Shilpa , Bhasin Garv , Ganti Latha
Published: October 2024

The authors present a case of a traumatic hallux (big toe) fracture in a 77-year-old male who was walking near a construction site when a brick fell and hit his big toe on his right foot. This case report highlights the usage of different treatment types in a toe fracture and different techniques used to diagnose the fracture. Treatment options are evaluated based on the location and severity of the fracture.
Erythropoietin and Hypericum perforatum ameliorate Gentamicin–induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Parlak Ak Tuba , Sağıroğlu Meltem , Korkmaz Gizem Elif , Yaman Mine
Published: September 2024

Gentamicin (GM), which causes nephrotoxicity, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic commonly prescribed to treat of gram–negative infections. Erythropoietin (EPO), which has several biological functions including neuroprotection, wound healing and nephroprotection, is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis. Hypericum perforatum (HP) is a medicinal herb with antibacterial and nephroprotective effects. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of EPO and HP in GM nephrotoxicity using combined biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations together. A total of 36 male Spraque–Dawley rats were divided into as control, GM (100 mg·kg-1 day), GM+EPO, GM+HP, EPO (1000 IU·kg-1 three consecutive days apart) and HP (200 mg·kg-1 day) groups (n=6) and the experiment lasted for 9 days. GM–induced increased relative kidney weight and increased serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and urea levels were reduced by EPO and HP. EPO and HP reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), which increased with GM application, and increased the activities of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH–Px), and catalase (CAT). GM nephrotoxicity resulted in tubular degeneration, vacuolization and hyaline deposits, glomerular degeneration and interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration. EPO and HP attenuated these histopathological changes. Also, EPO and HP also reduced caspase–3 immunoreactivities, which increased with GM application. It was shown that EPO and HP have attenuating effects on GM–induced kidney injury, and especially the intense antioxidant content of HP has a regulatory effect on the negative consequences of oxidative stress.
Effect of supplementation on estimated parasite load in periparturient ewes and their offspring
Authors: Valledor–Echegaray María Soledad , Cal–Pereyra Luis , Neimaur Karina
Published: September 2024

The objective of the essay was to determine the influence of protein–energy supplementation on the gastrointestinal nematode population during spring rise in ewes and their offspring as a non–chemical alternative in Integrated Parasite Control. One hundred twenty six Corriedale ewes were divided into two groups, one supplemented with protein–energy blocks from one month before lambing until weaning and the other without supplementation. Every 17 days, faecal matter was randomly collected from 20 ewes and 20 lambs from both groups. Modified McMaster and coproculture were performed, estimating the pathogenicity index for each gender. Lambs´ weight at birth, marking and weaning were recorded and the daily weight gains from birth to marking and from marking to weaning were calculated. Eggs count per gram of faeces were higher (P<0.05) in the non–supplemented group and their lambs. The predominant genus in dams and lambs were Haemonchus contortus and Trichostongylus spp. The pathogenicity index in the non–supplemented dams was higher than 1 from the faecal egg count increase. The lamb body weights and average daily gains were higher in those lambs born to the supplemented dam group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation contributed to the non–chemical control of the most prevalent gastrointestinal nematode in periparturient ewes, H. contortus, and environmental contamination for lambs at the dam foot.
Revisiting the Aspects of Arnold’s Philosophy of Culture and Education
Authors: Prof. (Dr.) Charu Mehrotra
Published: September 2024

The present article examines the fundamental principles and ideas that underpin Matthew Arnold's views on culture and education, highlighting his profound influence on Victorian thought and beyond. It outlines Arnold's conception of culture as the pursuit of perfection and sweetness and light, through the study and appreciation of the best that has been thought and said. The paper explores Arnold's argument that culture is a powerful agent for societal improvement, capable of elevating human spirit and mitigating the harshness of industrial society. Furthermore, it analysis Arnold's educational philosophy, which advocates for a broad, humanistic curriculum that emphasizes moral and intellectual development over practical skills, arguing that education should aim to cultivate thoughtful, informed citizens. The article assesses the impact of Arnold's ideas on contemporary education and culture, critiquing their relevance and application in today's context. Through a detailed analysis, the article presents Arnold's philosophy as a holistic approach to education and culture, one that seeks to harmonize the individual's inner life with the outer demands of society. The question of access to education has always been at the forefront of class struggle.  Capitalist societies have privileged kind of schools’– a hierarchy of schools. The schools available to most wage and salary earners are largely provided by the state, an organization which exercises power on behalf of the ruling class. Matthew Arnold was one of the inspectors of elementary schools under Her Majesty’s reign, and remained in his post for nearly thirty-five years. He brought forth his opinion about the relevant role of the State in education. He was concerned primarily with the educational rights of the middle class. He cherished the hope of improving society through its educational institutions. He believed that the object of education was growth and promotion of culture. The education in his opinion was an instrument of general civilization. Arnold was undoubtedly a ‘man of culture’. He was a critic of society. Culture, in his opinion, could be the remedy against the malady of anarchy.
Death and Loss in Maya Angelou’s Poems ‘When Great Tress Fall’ and ‘The Lesson’
Authors: Sadaf  , Dr. Sahar Rahman
Published: September 2024

Death has remained a prominent and universal theme in English poetry. From the anonymous poems composed during the Old English Period, to the works of pre-Romantics, War poets and Modern poets, mortality has served as a unifying theme in English poetry. Elegy has remained an important form within the genre, lamenting the loss of an individual. Poets have dealt with the theme of death differently with some finding consolation in religious belief of afterlife to others seeing it as an indispensable aspect of life. Maya Angelou, an African American poet, has dealt with the theme of loss in few of her notable poems. The present paper aims to discuss death as an important theme in Angelou's “When Great Trees Fall” and ‘The Lesson”. The paper will further investigate Angelou’s use of language in the poems to express the emotion of loss and grief. It will also try to give insight into Angelou’s philosophy of life and death, and how she overcomes loss in her life.
Environmental Responsibility and Ethics in Hindu and Native American Traditions
Authors: N. R. Gopal
Published: September 2024

Human activities harm the environment, deplete resources, and reduce biodiversity, leading to species loss, deforestation, and climate change. This unsustainable development is self-destructive. The Hindu perspective of the cosmos is 'organic' and 'holistic,' preaching a rejection of materialism and the purpose of life being emancipation from cravings and bonds. Consumption was managed in Hindu Sanskriti through Samskaras and mind training through Sadhana and Yoga, and nature is preserved through Tyaga and a controlled manner of life. The principle of reciprocal sustenance and sharing is also mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita. In a similar vein, Native Americans have a collectivist tendency to perceive the world in an integrated and holistic manner, putting group well-being over individual well-being. They do not see themselves as separate from nature, and their perspective embodies the concept of sustainability, with key characteristics such as respect for all life forms, equilibrium, proportionality, and integrated contemplation. Ancient Indian and Ancient Native American civilizations were a picture of prosperity as the technologies in all fields at that time were most appropriate, non-polluting, decentralised, simple, and non-enslaving. They were technologies with a human face. However, over time perversions crept into this ancient way of life. The hurricane of materialism and consumerism invaded and brought individual, social and environmental problems. The present paper illustrates tremendous similarity of both the worldviews and consequently compels to implore their links. The ancient traditions have the strength and capacity to put forward solutions and set everything right, including the prevention of global environmental catastrophes.
Globalization and Global Literatures: Deconstructing the Genres
Authors: Amod Kumar Rai
Published: September 2024

Post world-war life across the Globe has witnessed a sustained series of metamorphoses which has, consequently, caused cerebral turmoil. A lot of academic disciplines have come into existence and along with them have come a lot of new terminologies with promises of many new academic avenues wherein prospects of new, changed and “revolutionary” discourses have crept into. Diaspora, Multiculturalism, Ethnicity, Identity, Techno-culture and Globalization are certain fields which have caused a huge quantity of inking down a plethora of pages, seminars, anthologies and discussions. While, undeniably, these terms solicit newness because of its extensive innovative use, but the semantic domain, it tends to address may not be regarded as quite new, because they have been duly preceded by precedents. It is pertinent to understand the subterranean threads of such terms and its urgency why these terms have been so much in the lime light in the Postmodern and Poststructuralist discourses. The present paper intends to look into the warp and woof of Globalization and Global literature and what changes they foreground in the current swelled-tide of academic discussions. Is Globalization an entirely new concept or process or has it been a part of our existence and civilization for long, it has been one of the focal points of this paper.
Diaspora in Indian Literature: A Critical Study of Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines
Authors: Summi Jan
Published: September 2024

In the burgeoning field of South Asian Diasporic Writing, Indian Diasporic Writing has the major or maximum contribution. Among others, Amitav Ghosh is a prominent and influential Indian writer who has enriched the genre of Indian Diasporic Writing. Having first-hand experience of migration or movement, he has personally experienced the effects that follow the aftermath of migration. Accordingly, he tries to infuse his personal migratory experiences into his works and produces literary texts that are replete with themes integral to a diasporic text. Homelessness, belongingness, cross-cultural and socio-economic conflicts, nostalgia, dislocation, rootlessness are the primary themes or key elements of his works. Being a writer interested in writing about diasporic or migratory experiences, his works engage in looking on diversity of cultures, languages, people, histories and different places. The proposed paper or study intends to work on tracing out the diasporic elements or diasporic sensibility/consciousness in Ghosh’s novel, The Shadow Lines. The primary focus of the paper lies on exploring the intricacies of migration or displacement and thus highlighting the instability of an immigrant in an alien or a foreign land. The broader theoretical framework for the study shall be provided by the Diaspora studies.
Mapping of Transcultural Identity: A Study of Anita Desai and Githa Hariharan Select Novels
Authors: Dr. Firdous Rashid
Published: September 2024

We live in an era of interconnectivity, in which political borders and cultural boundaries are blurring and connecting numbers of people from all walks of life across the globe, experiencing the effects of dislocation, deterritorialization and cross-cultural acculturation. A hybrid culture has emerged, and multiculturalism appears to have progressed beyond simply combining and cohabiting different cultures to describe the growing phenomenon of cultural annihilation, which occurs when cultures collide, resulting in the first signs of a future universal culture. The writers of Indian roots put the world in a single frame by presenting multiple cultures through alien characters with different socio-economic, cultural, religious, and political background. The frequent journeys by characters to different places absorb the cultures of that places that arise multiple cultures conflicting ideologies. The research studies focus on mapping of transnational identity, transcultural encounters, and contradictory ideologies. The figuration of multiple displaced identities is to key to question of cultural borders and linguistic perturbed articulations.
Bastardy, Betrayal & Ageing: A Gerontological Reading of King Lear
Authors: Piyush B. Chaudhary  , Tanishka
Published: September 2024

William Shakespeare’s much celebrated play King Lear (1606) deals with socio-political themes revolving around the protagonist Lear who divided his fortunes between his daughters on the basis of their flattery. King Lear is a play which is political in nature and the politics of it lie not only on the kingly position of Lear but also on his role as a father. The play depicts the picture of a state where social, domestic, and filial order has fallen down. The daughters of the old man Lear betray him. The reasons behind their betrayal are significant to explore. For Lear his two daughters’ betrayal lies in their lack of consideration for their father and lust for his money which they have already got, making Lear just a useless man to them now. But on the other hand, Edmund’s betrayal to his father raises questions on the hypocrisy of the social orders of the society which have kept him marginalized because of his status as an illegitimate child in the society. The paper attempts to explore the idea of social order being subverted by bringing forth two of the often-overlooked factors which are extremely crucial in driving the plot of the play. The study ventures into this field through the lenses of marginalized characters of Lear and Gloucester who are betrayed by their children and brings another perspective to this argument by bringing forth the conflicted position of Edmund who has been a victim of his father’s wrong doings. The study primarily uses close reading and textual analysis and theoretically uses Gerontological studies in the socio-political background of Shakespeare’s time and takes it further by examining its traces in the contemporary social scenarios.
Out of the Ordinary: The Artistic Rebellion and Resistance in Amiri Baraka’s Tales
Authors: Vinay Kumar
Published: September 2024

This paper embarks on an exploratory journey into the extraordinary world of Amiri Baraka, who is recognized for his short stories’ books such as Tales of the Out & the Gone (2007) and Tales (1967). The primary objective of this study is to bring out the different levels of narratives and artistic expression used by Baraka, which show how he resists normality through art that defies convention. The method employed here includes closely reading and analyzing what Baraka has written with a view to reflecting rebellion, resistance as well as artistic innovation basing on different critical perspectives. Moreover, it also looks at wide range sources which have influenced his writing style and thematic concerns including bebop, free jazz, rhythm blues and science fiction among others. Therefore, its aim is to enhance understanding about literary achievements made by Baraka besides their socio-political implications. However, this article goes beyond just interpreting literature because it provides an outlook on socio-cultural environment mirrored in these works while at the same time criticizing them too. The ultimate intention of this study is not only appreciation but also recognition for ‘Out’ and ‘Gone’ things according to Baraka since they are exceptional and significant thereby being able to challenge or defy social norms in any way possible.
Colonial Subjugation and Cultural Erosion in Things Fall Apart
Authors: Dr. Ravi Kumar Shrestha
Published: September 2024

This paper deals with British colonizers’ colonization over Nigeria, subjugation and cultural Erosion in Nigeria. On the one hand, it shows how Nigeria is endowed with their different primitive cultural practices and natural resources. Native Nigerians were happy with their indigenous cultural legacy and identity before the British colonization started. But, they became unable to govern their nation developing their natural resources and preserving their cultural practices. On the other hand, it shows the encroachment of Britishers in Nigeria. The white Europeans start implanting seeds of Christianity, education system, establish courts, and their government in Nigeria rejecting the indigenous cultural norms, social values, their ancestral spirit and divine power of cultural society. As a result, the conflict between the white intruders and African indigenous people that gets reflected in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart is clearly discussed in the research. Finally, the research reflects how the novel is written as a counter-narrative that opposes western views towards African civilization. Regarding research methodology, qualitative approach becomes very contextual since the novels deals with the fictional characters and details. For a broad theoretical framework, the postcolonial theory that incorporates the idea of colonization and after effects of colonization becomes very effective. Likewise, for the theoretical tools, Edward Said’s Orientalism becomes a very applicable tool as it shows how the westerners take the orient, subjugate, dominate, exploit and colonize. Besides, Frantz Fanon’s theoretical concept of racism and Homi K. Bhabha’s theoretical concept of mimicry become effective tools for the textual analysis of the primary text.
Prostitutes and Fallen Women in the Short Stories of Manto
Authors: Prof. Nazneen Khan
Published: September 2024

Manto, an outstanding figure in the oeuvre of Urdu short fiction, was a true ‘progressive’ who could hold a mirror up to the society more faithfully and brutally than any of his contemporaries. With his fearless championing of the truth, Manto brought an element of realism in the Urdu short stories. Gifted with a sharp clear- eyed acumen and a rare sensitivity, Manto loved to handle bold and unconventional themes. He looked at human nature in all its diversity and had a rare knack for not only viewing darkness and ugliness more acutely than others, but also cherishing goodness and beauty in the midst of wickedness, betrayal and brutality. His legacy constitutes a formidable body of work that focuses mainly on the working class, especially the outcast, the marginalized and the peripheral. Manto wrote with particular empathy about women, especially the sex workers and prostitutes and, in a number of his short stories, sought to explore their human essence and relentless quest for identity and dignity. Being the timeless product of his age, Manto compels repeated returns and revisits to his work. My paper attempts to take into account Manto’s handling of prostitutes and fallen women in his select short stories so as to reveal how Manto views them through a humanistic lens which serves to humanize these fallen women, highlight their predicament and show them in positive light.
The Politics of Representation: Gender, Caste, and Power in Translated Gujarati Novels
Authors: Dr Mihir Dave
Published: September 2024

Translation has never been devoid of power politics. Those civilizations that were in power made sure that their culture and way of life were proved superior over others. For imposing this power politics over other cultures and civilizations, they used translation to a great extent. Due to this political nature in the selection of the source texts to be translated into target texts, the process of translation has been condemned as ‘treachery,’ and translators were regarded as ‘traitors.’ It was also due to this viewpoint that the process of literary translation was considered inferior to that of creative writing. Nevertheless, the use of translation to impose power politics was a recurrent phenomenon throughout the history of colonization. However, the recent trend of literary translation of selected Indian literary works into English sets a narrative of ‘showing Indian culture and way of life in a regressive manner.’ The present research paper focuses on the selected Gujarati fictions (novels) in English translation with this set narrative. The selected Gujarati novels into English translation include: Joseph Mecwan’s Angaliyat translated as Angaliyat - The Stepchild by Rita Kothari, Nandshakar Mehta’s Karan Ghelo translated as Karan Ghelo – Gujarat’s Last Rajput King by Tulsi Vatsal and Aban Mukherji, and Kundanika Kapadiya’s Sat Pagala Akashma translated as Seven Steps in the Sky by Kunjbala and William Anthony. It is interesting that translators chose such Gujarati novels that show regression, partiality, and mistreatment of female and weaker sections of society. It is also interesting that these translations were sponsored and published by renowned national and international publications.
Academic Hardness Among University Students
Authors: Aamer Ghanim Mankash  , Ali Abdul Kadhim Ajah
Published: September 2024

This study explores the concept of academic hardness among university students, aiming to understand the factors that contribute to their ability to withstand academic pressures and challenges. Academic hardness, often referred to as academic resilience, encompasses students' capacity to persevere through difficulties, maintain motivation, and achieve success despite adverse conditions. The research investigates how personal traits, environmental influences, and institutional support contribute to fostering academic resilience among university students. This study aims to achieve two main objectives: first, to explore university students' academic resilience; and second, to identify statistically significant variations in academic resilience based on students' gender and field of study. The current study targeted morning-session students at Wasit University, both male and female, during the academic year 2023-2024. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed an Academic Resilience Scale based on Pintrich and Lopez's theory (2004). The final scale comprised 26 items distributed across three domains: commitment, control, and challenge. Psychometric properties including validity and reliability were established. The statistical analysis involved a sample of 374 students, and the scale was applied to the primary research sample consisting of 400 students at Wasit University. Data processing utilized appropriate statistical methods, yielding the following research results statistically:

It was found that there is a statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level, with a degree of freedom of (373), indicating that university students have higher levels of academic Hardness compared to the general population.
Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found in the correlational relationship between the variables according to gender and major factors.

Based on these results, the researcher provided a set of recommendations and suggestions for future research studies.
Logika Relevans dan Apologetika Kristen: Membangun Argumen yang Logis dan Pasti
Authors: Gulo Rezeki Putra , Hia Yeremia
Published: September 2024

This research discusses the importance of relevance logic in Christian apologetics for constructing logical and certain arguments. The background of the study is based on the challenges in the field of Christian apologetics in formulating a logical and certain system of arguments. The purpose of this research is to examine how relevance logic can be applied in Christian apologetics to build strong and effective arguments. The research findings were obtained through a literature review using a qualitative method, covering several related sources such as the Bible, articles, and books. The significant finding (novelty) offered by this research is that relevance logic can serve as an alternative in formulating valid and logical theological arguments in the field of Christian apologetics. Moreover, the presence of relevance logic in Christian apologetics can facilitate others in understanding the principles of the Christian faith presented through apologetic activities. Finally, relevance logic is an essential tool in Christian apologetics that can help Christians (apologists) defend their faith in a more rational and effective manner.
A Critical Comparison between Nāma-Rūpa and Cartesian Dualism: Theravāda Buddhist Anattā as a Critique of Descartes’ Cogito Ergo Sum
Authors: Fattah Galuh Nur , Medhacitto Tri Saputra , Nanda Gonalagoda
Published: September 2024

This research article aims to present a critical study on the comparison between the concepts of nāma-rūpa and Cartesian dualism. Nāma-rūpa is a human metaphysical and epistemological concept in Theravāda Buddhism that divides the human self into non-material (nāma) and material (rūpa) aspects. Cartesian dualism, on the other hand, is a human metaphysical concept proposed by René Descartes that also separates the aspects of human self-formation into non-material (res cogitans) and material (res extensa) components. This research article was conducted using the critical comparison method. Despite the same dualistic perspective, this study found that there are significant differences between these two metaphysical concepts. In the context of nāma-rūpa, it is found that the material and non-material aspects of human substance are in a constant state of change due to the influence of Tiḷakkhaṇa (Three Universal Characteristics or Laws) in Theravāda Buddhism. These characteristics or laws encompass Aniccā (Impermanence), Dukkhā (Suffering), and Anattā (Not Self). Therefore, it is impossible to locate the "I" or "self" as understood in Cartesian dualism, which posits the cogito (the "I who thinks") as something that truly exists.
MAHALLE MUHTARLARININ SORUNLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI: İZMİR KARŞIYAKA İLÇESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Nacak Osman
Published: September 2024

Mahalle, idari örgütlenmenin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Tarihsel kökenlerinin çok eskilere dayandığı görülmektedir. Tarihsel süreçte mahalle yönetiminden sorumlu yöneticilerde değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Ancak 19. yüzyıldan itibaren mahallenin yöneticisi muhtardır. Muhtar, ortaya çıkışından günümüze kadar birçok önemli görevi yerine getirmektedir. Fakat son dönemde muhtarların birçok sorunla karşı karşıya olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bu sorunlar, muhtarların görevlerini gereği gibi yerine getirmelerine engel olmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın amacı mahalle muhtarlarının yaşadığı bu sorunları, bir alan araştırmasıyla analiz etmektir. Çalışmada mahalle muhtarlarının sorunlarının tam olarak anlaşılabilmesi için literatür taraması ve doküman incelemesi sonrasında İzmir Karşıyaka ilçesinde yapılan bir alan araştırmasına yer verilmektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulardan muhtarların; yetkisizlik başta olmak üzere hukuki, mali, personel, teknolojik altyapı, diğer kurumlarla ilişkiler ve özlük hakları gibi konularda birçok sorun yaşadığı sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.
Challenges To Impart Primary Education At Indo-Bangla Border Area Within The Functional Jurisdiction Of Raghunathganj Police Station, Murshidabad, West Bengal.
Authors: Samir Kujur Dr. Ajay , Chatterjee Sourav , Indu Indu , Mishra Manish
Published: September 2024

Primary education means education given to the children from class I-V level. Students’ future fully depends upon their quality of primary education. According to APJ Abdul Kalam, “Creativity is the key to success in the future, and primary education is where teachers can bring creativity in children at that level.” In the present study researcher conducted a survey to know the condition of primary education at Indo-Bangla border area within the functional jurisdiction of Raghunathganj police station, Murshidabad, West Bengal. For this purpose researcher selected two primary schools named 86 No. Char Bajitpur Primary School, 29 No. Char Pirojpur Primary School those are located very nearby Indo- Bangla border area within the functional jurisdiction of Raghunathganj police station, West Bengal. Researcher used to go for field visit or observation. And also taken interview from guardians, teachers deployed in those schools. Few burnings challenges of primary education come out through this study; these are insufficient Govt. Primary School, transportation problem, lack of medical facilities, non-availability of pure drinking water, electricity problem, less availability of educational resources, lack of educational awareness among parents, insufficient teaching staffs, and strong surveillance of Border Security Force etc. After understanding all facts related to concerned topic it is highly recommended that Govt. should formulate special policies relating to border area to cope with the above mentioned issues.
Volume Status among Hyponatremic admitted Patients
Authors: Memon Shoukat
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The kidneys play a vital role in the management of hyponatremic patients with fluid disturbances. This task becomes  more challenging in presence of comorbidities like chronic kidney disease or congestive heart failure. Accurate assessment of volume status and urinary sodium excretion is essential part for the correct management.. Both impaired renal function and compromised left ventricular function complicate the accurate evaluation of a patient's fluid status.
Method: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted over 262 adult patients  with hyponatremia at The Indus Hospital, Karachi from 2017 to 2020. The patient's volume status at the time of enrollment was categorized as normovolemic, hypovolemic, or hypervolemic based on clinical examination. Spot urine sodium, chloride, potassium, urine and serum osmolality, serum urea, and Random blood sugar were all done.
Results: There was a total of 262 patients in which 123 (46.9%) were male and 139 (53.1%) were female. The mean age was 54.1 ± 16.4 years. The overall comorbid burden was high 227(86.64%), in which hypertension and CKD contributed more.
Out of 262 patients, half of them suffered from hypovolemia 131(50%). Spot urine sodium (>20 meq) was found in 219(83.58/%) patients, in which predominant volume status was hypovolemia 104(47.5%). Moreover, among those who could not survive were 28 (10.7%), in which hypovolemia contributed more than other volume status 12(42.85%).
Conclusion: Hypovolemia came out to be the predominant volume status among hyponatremic patients with high comorbid burden. Majority excreted more sodium in spot urine sample despite of hypovolemia in majority.
Lecturers' Perceptions of The Use Of E-Evaluation In Assessing The Academic Achievement of Students Of The Islamic Religious Education Study Program
Authors: Ningsih Wirda
Published: September 2024

Although E-evaluation technology offers the potential for increased efficiency and accuracy in assessment, there are still problems related to its understanding and application among lecturers. This study aims to analyze lecturers' perceptions of the use of electronic evaluation methods in assessing students' academic achievements in the Islamic education study program at STAI Al-Kifayah Riau. This research uses a mixed method. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews. In this study, quantitative and qualitative data were converged. The research findings revealed that users' perceptions of E-evaluation in the Islamic Education study program of STAI Al-Kifayah Riau showed a high level of approval. The survey showed that respondents had a positive view of the use of E-evaluation. Meanwhile, the implementation of E-evaluation in the Islamic Education study program has a moderate level. Lecturers already have expertise and understanding related to E-evaluation after attending training, but they still face difficulties in implementing it efficiently. The results of this study have implications for the need for additional training and support for lecturers to improve their competence in E-evaluation implementation. This is important to ensure more effective integration in teaching and assessment methodologies and to maximize the benefits of technology in education.
TRACKING FLUID TEMPERATURE AND δ18O IN CARBONATE-HOSTED HYDROTHERMAL ORE SYSTEMS USING CLUMPED C-O ISOTOPES
Authors: Hollis Steven P. , Dennis Paul F. , Menuge Julian F. , Doran Aileen L. , Marca Alina , Davidheiser-Kroll Brett , Wilkinson Jamie J. , Snell Kathryn E. , Turner Oakley , Güven John , Boyce Adrian
Published: September 2024

Carbonates are ubiquitous gangue phases in many hydrothermal ore deposits, often forming throughout the lifetime of individual systems. Clumped C-O isotope analysis represents a novel technique for the acquisition of accurate carbonate precipitation temperatures, allowing calculation of fluid δ18O values. This may be particularly useful when suitable fluid inclusions are not available. We have applied this technique to the Irish Zn-Pb ore field to test the applicability of clumped isotope analysis on a hydrothermal system. We demonstrate a close match between clumped isotope temperatures (TΔ47) and fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (Th), particularly in dolomite from Lisheen, and late calcite veins that contain remobilized sphalerite above the South West Extension orebody at Navan. At the Lisheen deposit, our new data confirm that hydrothermal dolomitization at ~150° to 210°C led to the recrystallization and isotopic resetting of earlier, fine-grained diagenetic dolomite. Subsequent carbonate phases were precipitated from hydrothermal fluids in isotopic equilibrium with these early, widespread dolomite phases, as ascending, hot (170°–220°C), mildly acidic fluids produced dissolution (pseudo)breccias and extensive replacement in the Waulsortian limestone. In the hanging wall of the Lisheen deposit, white hydrothermal dolomites formed at ~100° to 170°C, cementing subsidence breccias formed above the orebodies. Calcite in basement veins from Navan yields TΔ47 values ~30° to 40°C lower than measured Th. This likely reflects either solid-state bond reordering due to burial or skewed Th distributions due to the failure of bubbles to nucleate in fluid inclusions trapped at low temperatures. Clumped isotope analysis has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of a range of ore systems, particularly when combined with traditional methodologies (e.g., fluid δD, crush-leach) and in situ techniques such as laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of minerals and fluid inclusions and U-Pb carbonate geochronology. However, care must be taken with regard to sample characterization, sulfide contamination, and the subsequent burial history of samples.
Curtailing Male Rape in Nigeria: Legal Issues and Challenges
Authors: Aidonojie Paul Atagamen , Antai Godswill Owoche , John Damina Joshua , Ibeh Success , Adebayo Adesoji Kolawole
Published: September 2024

Despite the increasing prevalence and significant impact of male rape on the lives of many men in Nigeria, the issue has received limited attention. This study employs a hybrid research methodology to investigate the occurrences of male rape and the challenges in addressing its incidence in Nigeria. A total of 303 questionnaires were distributed to respondents, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical methods. The findings reveal that male rape is indeed a widespread issue in Nigeria, and the existing legal framework is insufficient to effectively address this problem. Additionally, the study highlights that various legal, social, and psychological factors hinder efforts to reduce male rape in the country. The study concludes by emphasizing that rape is not a crime that exclusively affects women, but also constitutes a violent act against men. Therefore, the Nigerian government and stakeholders within the criminal justice system must take urgent steps, through legal reforms and justice mechanisms, to combat the silent but growing crisis of male rape in Nigerian society.