bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etiology and outcome of peritoneal dialysis in 100 patients with chronic renal failure in Al-Ramadi Teaching
Authors: AL-Koubaisy Haitham N. , AL-Rawi Khalid A. , Sweedan Bahget
Published: April 2021

Chronic renal failure is fatal disease because it leads to failure of excretory ,metabolic and endocrine functions of the kidneys which lead to disturb all physiological functions of the body some of these derangements is fatal to human beings to save human these body disturbances by chronic renal failure is treated by renal transplant and dialysis in different ways including peritoneal dialysis (PD.). Chronic renal failure is a common disease in patients attending Ramadi teaching hospital whom treated by peritoneal dialysis (PD) with variable results . So this study is introduced to detect the health status for managing chronic renal failure treated by peritoneal dialysis. All patients were 100 patients (53 male and 47 female) with CRF who admitted to the medical word in Al-Ramadi teaching hospital during a period from November 2008 till July 2009. Thorough history, examination and investigations were done for them including: hemoglobin, ESR ,blood urea, serum creatinine, ECG and abdominal U/S then PD was done for them according to their indications. The study showed that male was 53% with the age between 13 and 87 years while the female was 47% with the age between 12 and 91 years. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) were the most common cause of CRF. The outcome was: 30%complete improvement, 21% partial improvement, 26% less responsive and 23% died. In the last months of my study there was significant improvement. Inconclusion; DM and HT were the most common causes of CRF respectively; however obstructive uropathy had a notable ratio. There was no significant difference regarding sex. The outcome of PD was poor early in my study with significant improvements later.
Ensino remoto de emergência e o ensino superior: uma experiência no curso de Pedagogia
Authors: Vieira Lozano Burci Taissa , Horwat Imbriani de Oliveira Dayane , De Souza Santos Ana Paula
Published: April 2021

O contexto decorrente da pandemia do novo coronavírus demandou uma readaptação das instituições de ensino, com vistas à manutenção do distanciamento social. Diante da impossibilidade de encontros presenciais, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) que se dedicavam ao ensino presencial tiveram de adotar atividades remotas em caráter emergencial, mediadas por tecnologias digitais. Este trabalho caracteriza-se como um relato de experiência de docência em uma IES sem fins lucrativos de uma cidade no noroeste paranaense durante a crise sanitária, em que os recursos utilizados são Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem, webconferência, podcasts, vídeos/documentários e WhatsApp. Considerando a singularidade das circunstâncias, ao socializar a experiência, pretende-se contribuir com as reflexões sobre a educação ofertada na pandemia. Concluiu-se que a experiência contribuiu com o desenvolvimento acadêmico e pessoal dos alunos, com a prática docente e com o amadurecimento da instituição, reiterando o ganho educacional pelo uso das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS MATERI TALKING ABOUT SELF MELALUI POWERPOINT EDUGAME RODA PUTAR DI SMK NEGERI TAMAN FAJAR KABUPATEN ACEH TIMUR
Authors: Rangkuti Azwar Malik
Published: April 2021

Pembelajaran bahasa inggris di SMK diharapkan siswa dapat berkomunikasi secara lisan dan tulisan dengan menggunakan bahasa inggris. Penulis menemukan rendahnya kualitas dan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran bahasa inggris. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya media pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh penulis, sehingga menyebabkan siswa kurang tertarik belajar Bahasa Inggris. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, penulis menggunakan media powerpoint edugame roda putar. Penulis menggunakan media ini pada materi “Talking About Self” pada siswa. Subyek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 32 siswa, yang terdiri dari 2 siswa laki-laki dan 30 siswa perempuan. Untuk mencapai target yang diharapkan penulis mendesain 2 siklus penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini pada siklus I (satu ) nilai rata- rata siswa berjumlah 61,09,  dan ketuntasan belajar mencapai 31,25 % sedangkan pada siklus II (dua ) nilai rata- rata siswa 83,44  dan ketuntasan belajar mencapai 96,88%.  Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan media powerpoint edugame roda putar pada pembelajaran bahasa inggris materi “Talking About Self” bahasa inggris dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar siswa.
PENGGUNAAN LKS DAN MEDIA PERMAINAN EDUKATIF ULAR TANGGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA KELAS VIII/4 SMP NEGERI 2 GIRSANG SIPANGAN BOLON
Authors: Sianipar Barman
Published: April 2021

Penelitian dengan penggunaan LKS dan media permainan edukatif ular tangga diketahui dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil observasi diketahui bahwa motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa Kelas VIII/4 SMP Negeri 2 Girsang Sipangan Bolon pada pelajaran IPA masih rendah pada materi Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, evaluasi dan refleksi. Hal yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah motivasi belajar siswa, hasil belajar ranah kognitif dan hasil belajar ranah afektif.

Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan motivasi belajar siswa pada siklus I mencapai kategori sangat baik dengan persentase 22,72% meningkat menjadi 77,28% di siklus II. Hasil belajar ranah kognitif siswa diperoleh skor rata-rata kelas mencapai 63,7 dengan persentase ketuntasan kelas mencapai 59% meningkat menjadi skor rata-rata kelas mencapai 95 dengan persentase ketuntasan kelas mencapai 90,90% di siklus II. Hasil belajar ranah afektif siswa mencapai kategori tinggi dengan persentase 81,2% meningkat menjadi persentase 95% di siklus II. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu dengan penggunaan LKS dan media permainan edukatif ular tangga dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem peredaran darah manusia Kelas VIII/4 SMP Negeri 2 Girsang Sipangan Bolon.
BUDAYA KERJA PETANI JAGUNG PEREMPUAN (Studi di Dusun Tumba Desa Pongongaila Kecamatan Pulubala Kabupaten Gorontalo)
Authors: Abdullah Mei K
Published: April 2021

Bertani merupakan usaha utama masyarakat Dusun Tumba, Desa Pongongaila, Kecamatan Pulubala, Kabupaten Gorontalo. Penggerak usaha pertanian di daerah ini adalah perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan eksplorasi tentang budaya kerja petani jagung perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa hal yang menjadi motivasi petani perempuan dalam bekerja adalah 1) Hasil yang memadai, 2) Merupakaan kebiasaan baik, 3) Usaha Menjaga Diri dari Perilaku Meminta-minta, 4) Tujuan Investasi. Beberapa budaya kerja petani perempuan yang dapat meningkatkan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan Petani Perempuan adalah: 1) Melakukan Kebiasaan Baik, 2) Disiplin yang tinggi, 3) Etos Kerja Tinggi, 4) Jujur, 5) Bekerja Sama, 6) Produktif dengan skill yang memadai
PEMANFAATAN MODAL SOSIAL LOKAL DALAM MENGHADAPI PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rupita Rupita
Published: April 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 menjadi wabah yang tidak hanya menyerang tubuh manusia, tetapi juga menumbangkan sistem penghidupan masyarakat ekonomi menengah ke bawah. Pada tulisan ini menyampaikan resiliensi masyarakat menengah bawah dengan memanfaatkan modal sosial lokal yang ada di lingkungan hidup mereka. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dengan pendeskripsian data primer dan data sekunder. Mekanisme pengumpulan data lapangan dengan menggunakan protokol kesehatan. Temuan dalam tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam menghadapi perubahan ekonomi, masyarakat menengah ke bawah mampu mendapatkan alternative untuk bertahan hidup dengan memanfaatkan modal sosial lokal. Adapun Bantuan Langsung Tunai juga bermanfaat bagi masyarakat penerima bantuan. Hanya saja tidak semua masyarakat menengah ke bawah mendapatkan bantuan ini. Masyarakat memanfaatkan modal sosial untuk menopang ekonomi keluarga dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19.
PENGEMBANGAN MODAL SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DALAM MUWUJUDKAN PROGRAM MAKASSAR TIDAK RANTASA
Authors: Hamsah Hamsah , Tamrin Sopian , Achmad Mansyur
Published: April 2021

Program Makassar tidak Rantasa sebagai suatu inovasi dan solusi dalam menangani permasalahan kebersihan yang ada yang ada di Kota Makassar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai modal sosial masyarakat di Kecamatan Mariso dalam mendukung program Makassar tidak rantasa. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Proses pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Data diperoleh dari informan yang terdiri dari unsur pemerintah kota, kecamatan, keluarahan, agen pembaharu tokoh masyarakat dan masyarakat biasa. Hasil penelitian menujukkan modal sosial masyarakat dalam program tersebut dengan partisipasi mereka dalam kegiatan bergotong-royong dalam menjaga kebersihan dan senantiasa berpegang pada nilai-nilai sipakatu (Saling memanusiakan), sipakainge (Saling mengingatkan)  dan sipakalebbi (Saling menghargai).
To Study Effect of Dashang Lepa in Mukhdushika
Authors: Bangarwar Chandrasekhar Yadavrao
Published: April 2021

Though Ayurveda is India's ancient traditional medicine written Thousands of years back, its concepts and principles are useful in today's era also. My small research work can be one example of it. Mukhdushika also was known as Youvanpeetika is a common health problem found in Adolescence which disturbs physical psychological and social health. Mukhdushika known as acne vulgaris is the classical stigma of adolescence and inflammation of sebaceous glands which produces physiological and psychological scarring. Dashang lepa is commonly used for shotha in clinical practice, but when it was applied as lepa on the face, its effectiveness was observed in mukhadushika. So after considering effective experience in mukhadushika I decided to go for its systematic study through this small research work, to study the effect of dashang lepa in mukhadushika.
REVIEW ON MOOLINI DRAVYA IN CHARAK SAMHITA
Authors: Kandharkar Sarika Sunilrao
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Acharya Charaka mentioned 16 plant drugs of which moola (root) is the useful part. These drugs are mainly indicated for vaman, virechan and shirovirechan karma.Acharya Charaka mentioned the name of drugs,useful part and karma. Here in the present article properties of these drugs are given collectively. Nighantus are earlier writings than Chark samhita so description of other useful parts also found. In case of the drugs Adhoguda, Shanapushpi, Jyotishmati, Bimbi, Dravanti,vishanika and Kshirini main useful part is other than root. The description is given according to Bhavprakash Nighantu. There is scope for further study to evaluate the properties of roots of these drugs
A REVIEW ON APARAJITA (CLITORIA TERNATEA) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VISHA CHIKITSA
Authors: Chougule Savita b
Published: April 2021

Agadtantra is the sixth branch of ayurveda which mainly deals with agada i.e. the medicine with antipoisonous effects. These antipoisonous drugs are prepared by combination of several drugs. Various medicinal plants are described in ayurveda which are used in the treatment of poisoning (Visha), one of them is aparajita. In bhavprakash nighantu and kaiyadev nighantu it is mentioned as â€˜vishapahaâ€™  which alleviates toxins. In sushruta samhita it is included in arkadi gana which is also vishapaha i.e. which eliminates poison. Pharmacological activities of aparajita  like nephroprotective, diuretic, hepatoprotective, anti inflammatory, antihistaminic are proved. The roots, flowers, seeds and leaves are used for medicinal purpose both internally as well as externally. This review is small attempt to explore its antipoisonous formulations and antipoisonous  activity.
PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY OF APATYAKARAM GHRITA.
Authors: Kamble Viveka Vithal
Published: April 2021

Apatyakaram ghrita is a classical formulation stated in chapter pumanjat baladik vajikaran pad in text of charak samhita. Prepared with decoction of Shatavari, Vidari kanda, Maash, Atmagupta, Shwadanshtra , kalka of same drug, Go-dugdha, Go-ghrita. Individual ingredients of this formulation have aphrodisiac, rasayan, medhya etc properties. Rasayan is the formulation which promotes physical and mental health, helps to increase bodyâ€™s capacity to overcome diseases and gives bala to the sharir and mana and increases satva guna, Aim: Preparation and standardization of Apatyakaram ghrita with special reference to Charak Samhita, Objective: 1. Authentication and standardization of raw material.2. Preparation of Apatyakaram Ghrita as described in Charak Samhita.3. To analyze the study drug physico-chemically to develop its standard, study deals with physicochemical analysis and standardization of the formulation, it can be inferred that Apatyakaram Ghrita may be effective in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, cognitive impairment and malnourishment in elderly people.
ROLE OF NAVAN NASYA KARMA AS AN ANTI-WRINKLE TREATMENT IN AGEING PROCESS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Patil Akshaya
Published: April 2021

Aging of the skin is the result of continuous "wear and tear" processes.  This study gives a case report of 35years married female patient with complaints of wrinkles formation in early age. This study was planned to evaluate the Role of Navan Nasya Karma as an anti-wrinkle treatment in ageing process. Navan Nasya was done by instilling drops of Yashtimadhukadi tail in the nostrils for 21 days. The improvement evaluation was done by Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS).It was observed that before treatment the score was 4 and improvement was seen until score 2. Further studies may be conducted by taking more samples with more number of sittings.
ROLE OF AHARA IN GRACEFUL AGING
Authors: Shukla Sonali
Published: April 2021

Aging has become an important issue in developing countries. Ageing is an inevitable process. Although one cannot escape from this reality but one can be able to age gracefully. Ayurveda and its principles can play an important role in to relieve the hardships of old age. As Ahara, Nidra and Bramhacharya are three pillars of Life, Certain Dietary rules and sleeping pattern can increase healthy life span and prevent the development  of diseases. The key to balance Vatadosha in old age is regularity,  rest and warmth One should  pay equal attention to physical as well as mental health. Depression is also a very common problem in old age. Depression can hamper digestive one should adopt capacity of an individual. Sattvik ahara, fresh and hot food, green leafy vegetables & seasonal fruit, proper nidra as part and parcel of old age. Rasayan chikitsa, Sattvavajay chikitsa, yoga, can add years to the life of old persons.
'KSHARSUTRA : A MAGICAL THREAD '
Authors: Sugate Shreedhar
Published: April 2021

Ksharsutra  can be defined as an Ayurvedic medicated thread coated with herbal alkaline drugs. â€˜ Ksharsutra therapy â€˜ has been described as a treatment of choice for the treatment of fistula in ano due to low recurrence rate. Fistula in ano is a condition which has been recognised as a difficult surgical disease in all the ancient & modern medical sciences of the world. Besides Fistulectomy, Sushruta the father of surgery has also described its treatment by Ksharsutra method considering it as Nadi vrana. To overcome the recurrence in Fistula in ano & hospitalization in Fistulectomy & Fistulotomy procedures a Ksharsutra is a magical result in Fistula in ano.
CONCEPT OF VERTIGO IN GERIATRICS.
Authors: Chougule Pratibha
Published: April 2021

Vertigo is a symptom and not a disease, and it accounts for about 5% of all consultations with a general practioner and 10-15% with an otorhinolaryngologist.
Elderly patients complaining vertigo due to so many reasons. Threesystems in the body the visual, vestibular, & proprioceptive act in concern to maintain stable orientation.
In this mini review, enlighten the variety of diseases which causes vertigo. here also focused on pathophisiology and key features of these disorders which causes imbalance which involves otological problems, Visual problems, Locomotive system of disturbance(proprioceptive system),CNS,Cardiovascular system.
Peripheral causes are those lesions of the end organs and vestibular nerve, and it includes
Menieresdisease, Labyrinthitis,Acoustic neuron, ototoxicvertigo, Syphilis(vertigo with deafness) and Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Vestibular neuronitis(vertigo without deafness).Central causes are lesions of brainstem and central connections, posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome,vertebrobasilarinsufficiency, Basilar artery migrane,Tumours of the brainstem and fourth ventricle,Epilepsy,Cervical vertigo.
YOGA- PERFECT SOLUTION FOR THE STRESS IN ELDERLY
Authors: Upadhye Gandhali
Published: April 2021

Since the ancient times, man has always been in a search for age-erasing methods. Yoga puts a leash on ageing and helps the individual to stay happy and have a healthy ageing. A long life span has no importance in todayâ€™s world as the average individual is conquered by diseases in the third-fourth decade of his life itself. Hence for such an individual, a diseased free old age is a far stretched dream. Yoga lends a helping hand to such people as it is a natural and correct way of life, simply organized into a systematic manner.
It is thought that mental health problems are a normal aspect of ageing. Besides dementia, anxiety, insomnia, an elderly mainly experiences emotional and psychological stress related to loneliness, isolation, or loss of loved one. But unfortunately, these are either ignored or not taken seriously. Jara or old age is a swabhavbalapravritta vyaadhi i.e it is an inescapable phase of oneâ€™s life. It is an inescapable part of life. Although this phase comes naturally, with the help of yogic interventions, a healthy and happy old age can be experienced. Yogic interventions are absolutely cost free and can be a good alternative to fight against stress.
A PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ANUPA AND JANGALA DESHASTHA SHITIVARAKA (Celosia argentea Linn.).
Authors: Lavate Nitin N
Published: April 2021

Since long the subject of standardization of Ayurvedic drugs is hot. Today it has become a must to give attention towards all the factors which affect the potency of the drug. After lot of observation it was found that the geographical variation and climate of the place of origin of the drug may be the major factor in influencing the potency of drug. Hence for current study drug Shitivaraka is collected from Anupa and Jangala regions; and this drug is well known for its Mootrala (diuretic) property, it is mentioned and utilized by the Brahtrayi physicians for the treatment.
The role of research in Ayurveda is not only to elucidate the principles of Ayurveda but also, to explain them in terms of modern parameters. Group-A(anupa), Group-B (Jangala), powdered drug is used for phytochemical study.
PIPPALYADI TAILA ANUVASAN BASTI IN ARSHA(HEAMORRIED).
Authors: Jankar Abhijeet
Published: April 2021

Arsha(Haemorrhoid)is one grave disease included AshtaMahagada. According to Sushruta, vitiated VataDosha localizes in Guda Vali and vitiated Twak, Mansa, Meda and Rakta, resulting in the formation of Arsha. The management of Arsha involves AushadhiChikitsa, Kshar Karma, Agnikarma and Shastrakarma. Modern management of Arsha is mainly surgical approach, but the result was found to be less satisfactory. Up to 80% of  Haemorrhoidal symptoms can be reduced by conservative treatment. There are many modalities like Haemorrhoidectomy, Sclerotherapy, Infra Red coagulation therapy, Lordâ€™s Dialation Cryosurgery, Rubber band ligation and Stapler haemorrhoidectomy. But the options are limited; concern to their effectiveness in elimination of disease causing pathology. Because surgical approach canâ€™t break Sampraptiof Arsha (pathology). To resolve Samprapti of Arsha, the treatment should be Deepan, Pachan and Vatanulomak. Keeping in mind all the three Karmas to resolve Arsha pathology we searched for the treatment and medicine. Acharya Carak and Vaghat has mentioned PippalyadiTailaAnuvasan Basti as treatment of Arsha. In other side these two Acharya told that Anuvasan Basti is contraindicated in Arsha. Hence, a conceptual study was carried out to explain the mode of action of PippalyadiTailaAnuvasan Basti inArsha.
CAUSATIVE FACTORS FOR PREMATURE AGEING
Authors: Joshi Sameer Manohar
Published: April 2021

Aging is a complex phenomenon, a sum total of changes that occur in a living organism with the passage of time and lead to decreasing ability to survive stress, increasing functional impairment and growing probability of death. Ayurveda, the Indian traditional medicine, describes aging with great details. Premature aging or â€œAkaleJarawasthaâ€ is the most faced problem specially by young generation now a days and this specialty is surprising !
 
One can observe early/premature aging in the present day due to improper life style. This review provides Ayurvedic perspectives on theories of causative factors for premature aging and study of some â€œAnuktaHetuâ€ can cause premature aging.
EFFECT OF KANTAKARI MULA SIDDHA DUGHDA PARISHEK IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VATAJ ABHISYANDA
Authors: Patil Supriya Gangaram
Published: April 2021

In this article we will see the effect of kantakarimula siddha dugdhaparishek  invatajabhishyanda.Vatajabhishyanda is one of the sarvagatroga. According to modern ophthalmology vatajabhishyanda can be correlated with simple allergic conjunctivitis and also clinically with subacute form catarrhal conjunctivitis. Seka /Parishekais one of the kriyakalpa in the treatment of ocular disease.So I have treated vatajabhishyanda one of the sarvagatroga with parisheka mentioned by sushrut in vatajabhishyandachikitsa. Treatment for eye disorders has been explained under the heading of KriyaKalpa and Seka is one of the Kriyakalpa. Medicine is poured on closed eyes (on closed eye lids) continuously from 4 anguli (4â€™â€™) height for specific time, according to doshaprakar.Parisheka is a synonym for seka.It is exclusive ayurvedic treatment with least complications   as it is used externally.Ifparisheka is given according to dosha condition, then it can even cure the balwandosha. A good appreciation from patient is received.Medicines used in seka reaches through NetraSandhi ,shirah, Ghranendriyam, and their srotasam and performs urdhwajatrugatadoshaprahar.
YOGA FOR BLISSFUL AGEING
Authors: Patil Chintamani
Published: April 2021

Growing or ageing is the natural process of getting old. Populations around the world are rapidly ageing. There are many factors that play important role in accelerating this process, leading to premature ageing. The causative factors for accelerating the process include diet, lifestyle smoking, alcohol consumption, etc. Todayâ€™s lifestyle demands ignorance towards the mind health leading to stress, which is one of the very important factors that affects the healthy ageing in the recent era. While premature ageing is setting many alarming signs to the human health; Yoga here plays an important role offering many solutions, both at the ground of body as well as mind. This paper explains about the contribution of yoga for healthy ageing and preventing the factors for premature ageing and helps in blissful ageing.
AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE OF PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Patil Abhijeet
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT :
 
Heart disease is now the world's leading causes of death, claiming 17.3 million lives each year. Latest statistics in India suggest that, there are roughly 30 million heart patients. Of the 30 million heart patients in India, 14 million reside in urban areas and 16 million in rural areas. The word HRIDAYA is made up of HRI- DA- YA. HRI means Aharan, physiologically it means Venous Return or Preload, DA means Danarthaka or the Stroke Volume i.e. Afterload and YA means Gatyarthaka i.e. Rhythmic Contractility of Myocardium or heart rate. Heart is a aerobic organ and seat for oja, indriya, sadhak pitta, atma, pranvayu, avalambak kapha, mana and vyanvayu. It is mulasthan for pranvaha and rasavahasrotas and due to rasa vikshepana karma it gets associated with udakvaha, raktavaha and all the srotas of the body. Today's day to day life full of Atyadhik lavana sevana, Amla katu aahar, Atyadhik Manshashan, Avyayama, Bhay, Shok, Chinta, Krodha which leads to heterogeneous disease called as hypertension. The various mode of Samprptis being involved are discussed below.
MODE OF ACTION OF VIRECHAN KARMA
Authors: Patil Chintamani
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT  :-   Virechana Karma  is the process of  expelling doshas through Adhobhaga i.e. Guda . It is the detoxifying procedure that should be performed only after doing snehan (both internally and externally) and swedan. Virechan is indicated in  multiple conditions like Pitta Pradhana Vyadhiâ€™s  like Pandu and Kamala, Rakta Pradoshaja Vyadhi like Kustha, Visarpa and  Raktapitta , Amlapitta, Prameha, Amavata, Hridayaroga, Pakshaghata, Sthaulya.  In this article, we are describing Mode of action of Virechan karma according to Ayurveda and Modern Science. We will see how modern science is helpful in understanding the facts related to Virechan karma. We will see the importance and need of understanding mode of action in this article.
Amalaki as a Rasayan in Geriatric Diseases
Authors: Vishwakarma Naina
Published: April 2021

Geriatric problems are arising much and more in the present Era. With the increase in average life-span due to medical facilities it resulted in large number of people with old age Worldwide. To overcome this Ayurved advocates healthy ageing through Rasayan Chikitsa. By proper administration of Rasayan Therapy as a preventive tool one can prevent Jarajanit(Geriatic) vyadhis. Many herbs and techniques which provide solution to ageing and their complications are described in Ayurved. The Herbs with their properties slows down the natural process of aging and help in managing geriatric problem and improving the quality of life. Here   Amalaki an Rasayan Dravya in Geriatric diseases is brought in focus.
Benefits of Padabhyanga in maintaining ocular health w.s.r. to Marma therapy
Authors: Yadav Sushma , Virkar Chandana
Published: April 2021

Ashtanga Hridya identifies 4 major nerves in the feet that connect to the eyes. These nerves help in maintaining good eyesight and relieve eyestrain when subjected to soothing therapies like padabhyanga. Padabhyanga is a holistic therapy and a religious approach towards an effective psychosomatic healing. According to Charak and Vagbhatta it is described as drishtiprasadak and according to Sushruta chakshushya. It can be done with the help of ghrita or taila, eg- tila taila, ksheerbala taila, eranda taila, goghruta. Other than this kansya vati padabhyanga can also be done as it balances the tridoshas. Marma Vijgyana theory of Ayurveda is the base of Acupressure, Acupuncture and Reflexology treatments. These therapies include healing the diseases by massage on the marma points. The reflexology points of eye are situated on the undersides of second and third toes. Doing massage on these points maintains the eye health and benefits in digital eye strain, dry eye, computer vision syndrome, myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia, astigmatism, amblyopia and many other eye diseases. The medicated ghrita or taila gets absorbed via the siras, reaches the structures of the eyes, pacifies the doshas, reduces strain and provides soothing effect by nourishing the eyes.
The Management of Asthibhagna by Ayurvedic Concepts, a Review
Authors: Ghodke Shilpa Nandkumar , Raut Subhash Yashwant
Published: April 2021

Ayurveda is a complete science of life where we get elaborate descriptions about prevention and management of disease. Sushruta has mentioned detailed diagnosis and management for all orthopedic injuries under the heading, Bhagna. Bhagna as described by Sushruta is not merely a condition of fracture but it is the group of clinical entities of musculoskeletal system with traumatic origin. The principle of Bhagna management defined by Sushruta centuries ago are as per the condition suggestive surgical or conservative treatment. Sushruta has described the fundamentals of fracture management like Reduction (Bhagnasthapna), Immobilization (Sthirikarna) and Rehabilitation(Sukhcheshta prasartwam). Also, he has described various types of Bandhanas, management of malunion, management of open fractures. Different types of management techniques have been described according to the types of fractures e.g. Talabhagna, Shirobhagna Chikitsa. Various modalities for the management of fracture developed down the centuries, but the basic fundamentals described by Sushruta are still appreciably relevant, rational and practical. This paper expounds the wisdom of orthopedic branch in ancient times especially fracture and itâ€™s management with possible modern correlations. It would be worthwhile to explore the concepts, theories and techniques which were practical thousand years ago hold true even in modern era.
Key Words â€“ Asthibhagna, Ayurved, Management.
Efficacy of mustadi yapana basti in Diabetic neuropathy â€“A case study
Authors: Tiwari Swati , Singh Shipra , Gupta Sanjay
Published: April 2021

Diabetic Mellitus (DM) is a silent killer, which is spreading as an epidemic all over the world. Peripheral neuropathy is nerve damage caused by chronically high blood sugar and diabetes. It is the most common complication of diabetes. Incidences of diabetic neuropathy are more common in patients with poor diabetes control, overweight, have higher levels of blood fat and blood pressure, and are over the age of 40. In this study, patientâ€™s main complaint was numbness and burning pain in bilateral lower limbs especially in sole. Patient was diagnosed as a case of Diabetic neuropathy (DN) in which according to Ayurvedic principles, there is involvement of Vata and Pitta dosha. Ayurvedic treatment for diabetic neuropathy is one of the most underrated yet powerful treatments because in modern science there is no any proper medicine invented for DN. Ayurveda is beneficial in managing symptoms of diabetic neuropathy without side effects. Panchakarma therapies like Virechana (therapeutic purgation),Basti (therapeutic enema) etc. can be found effective in this disease as according to Ayurveda, there is vitiation of vata and pitta doshas as Basti for vata dosha  as well tridosha according to Acharya Sushruta. So in this study, Mustadi yapana basti has been taken as the primary treatment. This case shows the efficacy of Panchakarma specially Mustadi yapana Basti in DN with good follow up results and without any adverse effects. Thus we can say that, Mustadi yapana basti can be used as effective management in case of DN.
â€œA randomised open clinical trial to study the efficacy of Vachadi Ghrita for painful dentitionâ€
Authors: Gharat Suchita Dattatraya , Bhirud Pallavi , Shitre Ashwini
Published: April 2021

Teething, i.e. the process of eruption of teeth is a natural developmental process and is regarded as an important milestone in a childâ€™s growth and development. The first period of teething takes about two and a half years, with the first tooth erupting between six and eight months and all other teeth before the age of three years. Teething pain sometimes referred to as â€œDentitio Difficilisâ€ i.e. the commonest symptom associated with the eruption of primary dentition. The redness and swelling of the gums before a tooth comes through is the cause for the pain which baby experiences during teething. In Ayurveda, painful teething can be co related to Dantodabhedajanya Shoola. It is described in classical text like Kashyapa Samhita, Ashtanga Hriday, Ashtanga Sangraha. Prevalence rate of painful teething in India is 68%.
Therefore, this study was planned to facilitates healthy and pain free dentition. For this, 60 patients of age group 6 months to 24 months of both sexes were randomly selected from OPD of Kaumarbhritya department of D. Y. Patil College of Ayurveda, Nerul, New Mumbai Maharashtra, and Vachadi Ghruta is given according to age criteria. All children were subjected to symptoms, before and after 3 months of treatment.
The study has proved that efficacy of drug is found to be effective in the management of painful dentition.
Role of ayurveda in mutrashmari (urolithiasis) a review
Authors: Hadke Anju Manohar
Published: April 2021

Todayâ€™s lifestyle, Global warming, faulty Dietary habits, contributes more in formation of urinary calculus. In Ayurvedic texts urinary calculus has been described under the chapter of Mutrashmari. Sushrutacharya include Ashmari in Astamahagada .
According to modern science surgery is the only treatment but recurrence is common. now a day many people die because of kidney diseases because treatment is very costly  but some herbs like Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa)Kulattha (Dolicus biflorus), Gokshura (Tribulus terristris),Apamarga (Achayaranths aspera), Pashanbheda (saxifera ligualta) and Varuna (Crataeva nurvela),Shatavari(asparagus racemosus),Ela(Elettaria cardamomum),Ushir(vetiveria zizanioidis) praval  and  yava
,Shilsjatu(liquidamber orien tallis), (Hordeum vulgare) ,Takra, Coconut water(cocos nucifera ) are useful in early symptom like Mutrakrushra, pain ,UTI ,mutraghat ,Mutrashmari  can be prevented by using Some combination like Yavaksharadi yoga, Kulathyadi yoga,Varunmulatwak kashay, Narikelkusuma yoga, Varunadikwath, Chandraprabhavati ,NagradiVati, Gokshuradiguggul.
All drug used in this combination are Bhedak(Lithotryptic ),Mutral(Diuretic), Antibacterial, Shothahar(Anti-inflammatory )which are beneficial in the management of Urolithiasis. The study has been conducted to explore Ayurvedic drugs to prevent Mutrashmari
To study the effect of Yogabasti in Sandhigata vata
Authors: Patil Vicky A. , Kumavat Datta
Published: April 2021

Osteoarthritis is the clinical and pathological outcome of a range of disorders that result in structural and functional failure of synovial joints. Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis, with an associated risk of mobility disability (defined as needing help walking or climbing stairs) for those with affected knees being greater than that due to any other medical condition in people aged. The societal burden (both in terms of personal suffering and use of health resources) is expected to increase with the increasing prevalence of obesity and the aging of the community.
Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial process in which mechanical factors have a central role and is characterized by changes in the structure and function of the whole joint. There is no cure, and current therapeutic strategies are primarily aimed at reducing pain and improving joint function. 
Whereas in Ayurveda, Sandhigata Vata is the commonest form of articular disorder. It is a type of Vatavyadhi which mainly occurs in Vriddhavastha due to Dhatukshaya. That having similar symptoms as that of Osteoarthritis. In Ayurvedic classics, our Acharya has given so many special therapeutic procedures for specific disease along with thousands of no. of medicines. Due to easy availability and less cost of the drugs and the adverse effect of Basti. Basti is Ardha chikitsa according to Ayurveda. The incidence of osteoarthritis in India is as high as 12%. It is estimated that approximately four out of 100 people are affected by it. Osteoarthritis is the most common articular disorder begins asymptomatically in the 2nd & 3rd decades and is extremely common by age 70.
Chronic renal failure and it is nephroprotective treatment in Ayurveda: A review
Authors: Gadve B. N. , Patil Sejal A.
Published: April 2021

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a threat to global health in general and for developing countries in particular. Globally CRF is the 12th highest cause of death. CRF is a progressive loss in renal function taking place over a period of months or years. This initially manifests only as a biochemical abnormality. CRF is considered when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 30ml/min. The conventional approach of management includes dialysis and renal transplantation, which are not affordable. Therefore, exploration of a safe and alternative therapy is needed. In Ayurveda, the disease can be consider as complication arising from various urinary disorders. A hampering of the function of basti, i.e. urine formation, results in the accumulation of several noxious products in circulation which need excreted management is aimed at eliminating these toxins, to protect the accessible renal cells rejuvenate the quiet cells. In Ayurveda several drugs are used as nephroprotective and this group of drug acts as good non- specific cytoprotectives. In this regard Ayurveda provides leads through its holistic line of management by in co-operative dietary and lifestyle invention and bio-balancing effects of Ayurvedic drugs.
Review on the management of Sthoulya with special reference to obesity
Authors: Indore Kalpesh Ranganath , Damle Neena
Published: April 2021

Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individualâ€™s ideal body weight. Ayurveda Obesity is described as â€˜Medorogaâ€™ or â€˜Sthaulya Rogaâ€™. Continuous indulgence in high-fat food, fried items, etc., along with a sedentary lifestyle leads to excess accumulation of body fat which gets deposited in the numerous body channels.  Appropriate Ayurvedic internal medicines along with Shodhan procedures are used to achieve the best results, without any side effects. Vaman,Virechan, Basti,Udvartan according to vitiation of Dosha these shodhan procedures gives effective results. Pathya Apathya(Diet management) & Lifestyle modifications play an important role in the management of Obesity. This article gives a Review of on management of sthoulya with special reference to obesity.
Review of Gidhrasi management in Ayurvedic text
Authors: Singh Tushar Narendra , Satpute Kalpana
Published: April 2021

Ayurveda described Gridhrasi (Gridhra means Eagle), as the gait of the affected person resembles that of an eagleâ€™s walk and the inflamed nerve appears like eagleâ€™s beak. Gridhrasi comes under eighty types of vatavyadhies. Ayurvedic treatments for Gridhrasi concentrate on bringing back the aggravated vata or vata kaphato the state of equilibrium and thereby to the state of health. This state of equilibrium is achieved with the help of Panchakarma karma mentioned in various Ayurvedic texts. In the present article we have tried to collect maximum data mentioned in Ayurvedic text related to the treatment of Gridhrasi.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF DISTANCE LEARNING IN A PANDEMIC
Authors: Panzabek B. T.
Published: April 2021

The article identifies the process of distance learning in a pandemic, the main objectives of the organization of the educational process between teachers and students, and the issue of improving the quality of effective teaching. All educational institutions that offer distance learning opportunities differ from each other in the educational process. It also differentiates between the content and level of education, the number and composition of students, technical and financial capabilities. The implementation of such a multifaceted and complex task involves increasing the level of knowledge of students and expanding the level of knowledge. During the pandemic, there is a need for educational technology, the need to use effective leadership opportunities for distance learning, the focus on cultural values. The article shows that distance learning is a modern requirement, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of distance and mixed learning, there is a need for electronic materials, technologies, didactic development of distance learning, training of teachers-coordinators. учителей-координаторов.
Several Determinantal Expressions of Generalized Tribonacci Polynomials and Sequences
Authors: Kızılateş Can , Du Wei-Shih , Qi Feng
Published: April 2021

In the paper, the authors present several explicit formulas for the $(p,q,r)$-Tribonacci polynomials and generalized Tribonacci sequences in terms of the Hessenberg determinants and, consequently, derive several explicit formulas for the Tribonacci numbers and polynomials, the Tribonacci--Lucas numbers, the Perrin numbers, the Padovan (Cordonnier) numbers, the Van der Laan numbers, the Narayana numbers, the third order Jacobsthal numbers, and the third order Jacobsthal--Lucas numbers in terms of special Hessenberg determinants.
Possible Association and Risk Factors of Blastocystis Infection and Colorectal Cancers in Western Iran
Authors: Mahmoudvand Hossein , Sepahvand Akram , Badparva Ebrahim , Khatami Mehrdad , Niazi Massumeh , Moayyedkazemi Alireza
Published: April 2021

Background: Recently, infection has been considered one of the most important causes of cancers because a large number of cases of cancer with infectious origin was reported. Objectives: The present investigation aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infection in patients with colorectal cancer in comparison to healthy individuals. Methods: The present descriptive case-control study was performed on 67 healthy individuals and 67 patients with colorectal cancers attending the general hospitals of Lorestan Province, Western Iran from October 2017 to August 2018. Colorectal cancers were diagnosed by an experienced gastroenterologist. A fresh stool specimen was collected from each subject in a sterile labeled container. The collected specimens were tested microscopically using saline and iodine wet preparations, then stained with trichrome stain according to the manufacturer’s instruction to find the cases of B. hominis forms. The DNA of the samples was extracted and specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. Results: Among the colorectal cancer patients, B. hominis was found in 16 (23.9%) patients, whereas of 67 healthy participants, 6 (9%) cases were found, indicating a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the prevalence B. hominis among the participants in the case and control groups. By the multifactorial logistic regression models, agriculture activity (0.24; 95% CI: 0.075 - 0.809), as well as consumption of unwashed fruit and vegetables (0.136; 95% CI: 0.040 - 0.459), were significantly related to the prevalence of B. homonis infection. All 22 positive samples (16 patients and 6 (9%) healthy people) were also positive by PCR method, indicating the presence of B. hominis and accuracy of microscopic examination, extraction, and PCR reaction. Conclusions: The obtained findings revealed that B. hominis may strongly link with human colorectal cancers given novel information about the important role of B. hominis in the progress of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, more investigations are required to obtain accurate information about this suggestion.
Analysis of Failure Modes in Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery Using the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (HFMEA) Technique
Authors: Farhanchi Afshin , Rahimi Zohreh , Saghehei Ehsan , Farhani Deljoo Farshad
Published: April 2021

Background: Healthcare statistics, issued by various international organizations, show that medical errors in health centers impose high costs on patients and hospitals and increase the rates of morbidity and mortality around the world. Due to the potential risks of cardiovascular diseases, the occurrence of any errors can potentially endanger the patients’ lives and incur costs on them, as well as hospitals. On the other hand, anesthesia is one of the priorities for risk management in clinical care. Objectives: This study aimed to identify, classify, and evaluate anesthesia failures in open heart surgeries, using the healthcare failure mode and effects analysis (HFMEA) technique. Methods: The anesthesia process in open heart surgery was reviewed using the HFMEA technique, and four processes, 25 sub-processes, 95 activities, and 204 risks were extracted. The causes of failure were also identified, and four failure modes were determined as the most important failures, based on the qualitative and quantitative methods; finally, some solutions were proposed. Changes in the level of healthcare workers’ knowledge and competence, computer use and timing, and the amount of administered medications were identified as the potential risk factors and errors. Results: The inadequate awareness and knowledge of healthcare workers, non-use of computers, prescription errors, technique errors, and timing and amount of medication administration were identified as the errors and risk factors. Based on the present findings, another expert needs to evaluate the design, feasibility, and prioritization of techniques, including continuing medical education for anesthesia professionals and experts, statutory documentation, and control of the individuals’ activities. Conclusions: Based on the present findings, establishing a risk management committee seems essential to identify errors and improve the design and plan of different techniques so as to execute, monitor, control, and review errors in a cycle of continuous improvement.
Psychological Distress and Coping Strategies Among Clinicians and Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study in Guilan, Iran
Authors: Monfared Ali , Akhondzadeh Leila , Soleimani Robabeh , Maroufizadeh Saman , Pouy Somaye , Asgari Fariba
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can lead to psychological distress among clinicians and medical students due to the possibility of disease transmission and closure of educational centers. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the extent of psychological distress and coping strategies among clinicians and medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Rasht, Iran. Methods: Using the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10), this cross-sectional analytical study evaluated psychological distress and coping strategies among 109 clinicians and medical students working in Razi Hospital of Rasht, Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. The K10 scale has 10 items with a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 5 (always); the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.771. Also, to examine the coping strategies, a 10-item researcher-made checklist was used (CVI = 0.79; CVR = 0.82). The questionnaires were distributed by e-mail from May to June, 2020. After entering the data into SPSS software (version 20), the data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: The mean age of the responders was 36.14 years (SD = 10.68). The mean K10 total scores was 12.94 (SD = 7.64). There was a significant negative correlation between age and K10 total scores (r = -0.397, P < 0.001). Single participants had a higher K10 total score compared with married ones (P = 0.003). Furthermore, interns had a higher K10 total score compared with residents (P = 0.012) and faculty members (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Since interns are at a higher risk of psychological distress due to less work experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, continuous monitoring of psychological distress and teaching coping strategies in crisis situations should be included in the training curriculum and educational courses of this group.