bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress ocupacional em fisioterapeutas
Authors: Pinheiro Sandra , Silva Isabel
Published: October 2017

A existência de stress como uma força que causa desconforto na estabilidade mental dos seres humanos sobrevive desde séculos e continuará a existir no dia-a-dia (Houaiss, Villar & Franco, 2001). Nos últimos 40 anos, a investigação à volta do stress tem produzido diversas conferências, livros, artigos, etc., no entanto, em Portugal é ainda escassa a investigação sobre esta temática (Melo, Gomes & Cruz, 1997). Neste estudo tentaremos contribuir para a compreensão da problemática do stress num grupo ocupacional específico – os fisioterapeutas – sendo este grupo alvo de escassa investigação neste domínio. Especificamente, o objetivo deste trabalho é a análise dos níveis e das fontes de stress ocupacional nos fisioterapeutas e o estudo da relação de variáveis sociodemográficas e profisissionais – sexo, idade e experiência profissional – com o stress. Outro objetivo será o estudo dos efeitos do stress a nível individual - saúde psicológica e a nível organizacional - comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Os dados analisados foram recolhidos junto de 212 sócios da Associação Portuguesa de Fisioterapeutas. A recolha de dados procedeu-se através de um questionário em formato online. Os resultados indicam que 35,5% dos participantes relatam índices globais de stress significativos. De uma maneira geral, são as questões relacionadas com a carreira e a remuneração que parecem desencadear maior mal-estar, seguindo-se as questões relacionadas com o excesso de trabalho, e num terceiro grande domínio, as questões relacionadas com as pessoas a quem prestam serviços de saúde. Verificou-se também uma associação entre o nível de stress e a saúde psicológica (sintomatologia depressiva e ansiosa). De um modo geral, os resultados encontrados alertam para a relevância de se desenvolverem estratégias de intervenção que possam ajudar na gestão da pressão inerente a este grupo profissional.
Responsabilidade social das organizações e relações de trabalho
Authors: Oliveira José António , Chaves Sónia Ferraz
Published: October 2017

Num momento histórico pautado pela insegurança, pela incerteza e até por um sentimento (comum) de descrédito na nossa economia, nas políticas do país e, sobretudo, no nosso mercado de trabalho, questionamo-nos sobre aquele que é ou poderá ser o papel das nossas organizações no processo de mudança que tanto ambicionamos. É um facto que, atualmente, às organizações e nas organizações se exige cada vez mais práticas efetivas de responsabilidade social que estejam à altura dos gigantescos desafios que (já) enfrentamos e aqueles que (ainda) nos esperam. Por outro lado, ao falarmos de responsabilidade social das organizações, não podemos excluir o seu papel nas relações laborais. Importa questionar os papéis que poderão ter as práticas de responsabilidade social no combate ao desemprego, especialmente num momento, como já referimos, marcado por inúmeras dificuldades, sentidas à escala mundial. Aproveitando o tema desta conferência – mais atual e pertinente do que nunca – sugerimos um debate sobre a “ importância que o trabalho tem, hoje, na vida das pessoas”; “como está ou poderá estar a Responsabilidade Social ao serviço da sociedade”; “como podem estas práticas evitar e/ou combater o desemprego” e se “será possível criar emprego num cenário como o que vivemos hoje? Mas, então, de que práticas falamos e para que desafios estaremos nós preparados? Na nossa opinião, uma gestão para a cidadania tem, obrigatoriamente, que incluir a RS como uma divisa que deverá ser desenvolvida por todos os atores de uma sociedade e não apenas por alguns. Não podemos, contudo, esquecer que alguns desses atores têm mais recursos para o fazer e devem ser chamados a intervir primeiro. É sobre estas questões que nos propomos refletir.
Trabalho em equipa e bem-estar: o caso português
Authors: Pais Andreia , Curral Luís Alberto
Published: October 2017

A investigação a que nos propomos situa-se na área da Psicologia das Organizações e procura estudar uma das temáticas mais importantes neste domínio: o trabalho em equipa. Assistimos nas últimas décadas, à proliferação do trabalho em equipa nas organizações, decorrente principalmente, dos fenómenos de reestruturação, impostos por ambientes cada vez mais instáveis e competitivos. Esta é uma temática emergente e tem sido objeto de um crescente número de estudos, mas na sua maioria de cariz sociopsicológico, com recurso à ferramenta de análise de entradas-processos-saídas (EPS). Os estudos de natureza psicológica que existem são ainda, na sua maioria, sobre o stress e o burnout, igualmente com recurso à EPS. De forma a ultrapassar estas limitações científicas, propomo-nos à realização de um estudo centrado na dimensão psicológica do trabalho em equipa, através da ferramenta de entradas-mediadores-saídas (EMS). O nosso principal objetivo será estudar a influência de fatores afetivos no desempenho da equipa, partindo de teorias relacionais e proativas, e procurará analisar especificamente a relação entre o grau de virtualidade e bem-estar que ainda não foi estudada, através das seguintes variáveis de interação: equipas face-a-face e equipas geograficamente distribuídas (EGDs). A nossa amostra será constituída por 23 empresas, líderes nacionais dos respetivos segmentos de mercado, que utilizam EGDs. Este estudo, pretende em última análise, dar um importante contributo na área científica onde o mesmo se circunscreve, ajudando as organizações a aproveitar o potencial dos seus ativos humanos.
Saúde e qualidade de vida no trabalho: a gestão do stresse num contexto global conturbado
Authors: Dantas Sónia
Published: October 2017

O mundo atual vive uma situação de globalização e mediatização dos acontecimentos sociais numa escala sem precedentes na história humana, com efeito na perceção que as pessoas e as organizações constroem sobre o ambiente social, económico, financeiro e político no qual se encontram inseridas. A crise financeira e económica que atualmente afeta o mundo contribuiu para aumentar a perceção de incerteza dos indivíduos e agravar a desregulação das relações sociais ligadas ao mundo do trabalho. Num contexto global conturbado, o impacto de fatores sociais não diretamente associados ao contexto de trabalho tem implicações profundas na vida dos indivíduos, afetando-os, alterando a qualidade de vida no trabalho, a sua saúde e, consequentemente, as organizações de que estes fazem parte.O objetivo desta comunicação é fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre possibilidade de articulação entre a conceptualização da qualidade de vida no trabalho e a de saúde, focalizando o interesse na gestão do stresse. Assim, após uma breve referência aos desenvolvimentos teóricos no campo da qualidade de vida e no campo da saúde (centrados na dimensão do trabalho) pretende-se analisar as teorias e modelos explicativos do stresse, bem como diferentes estratégias de intervenção ao nível da gestão de stresse em contexto organizacional, no sentido de encontrar respostas que possam contribuir para uma melhoria da qualidade de vida no trabalho, diminuindo os problemas de saúde das pessoas e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento sustentado das organizações. Com as alterações introduzidas na organização do trabalho, fruto da emergência do paradigma sistémico e do modelo sócio-técnico, assumiu-se a necessidade de melhorar a qualidade de vida no contexto organizacional, promovendo, simultaneamente, uma maior realização dos indivíduos através do desempenho da sua atividade profissional e uma maior eficácia e eficiência das organizações. Deste modo, a área da gestão dos recursos humanos, ao longo dos últimos 60 anos, tem-se modificado profundamente, resultado quer do crescente conhecimento teórico-conceptual das ciências sociais (psicologia, sociologia, economia, gestão), quer do aumento do interesse/necessidade por parte das organizações em gerir adequadamente os seus recursos humanos, entendidos como o novo diferencial competitivo.
The darker side of organizational citizenship behavior and its remedies
Authors: Han Yong , Altman Yochanan
Published: October 2017

Whilst the extant literature on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) extols its positive features, we wish to raise awareness to the negative consequences of those behaviors for individuals and groups as well as organizations, through the prism of management practices, specifically by reference to performance appraisal, compensation, and training and development. Our discussion focuses on how to minimize the individual, group and organizational costs of OCB, whilst simultaneously promoting task and OCB performance.
Psychosocial Health of Adolescent living in Urban Slum Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Adenike E. , Amoo Emmanuel O. , Chiazor Idowu I. , Adekeye Olujide
Published: October 2017

The paper examines association of neighborhood characteristics with psychosocial statues of adolescent living in urban slums. Data for the study were obtained from a cross sectional survey among adolescent age 15-19, living in urban slums in Lagos State. Adopted a measuring scale for adverse environment and psychosocial attributes, data were analyzed using univariate and binary logistic regression analysis. Results revealed that neighborhood characteristics were associated with low self-academic performance rating. Both parental process and neighborhood factors such social disorganization was able to predict psychosocial wellbeing such subjective academic performance rating. The findings revealed among others that adverse neighborhood characteristics in urban slum were associated with unhealthy subjective wellbeing which reflects wide personal and social contexts and have implications for public health and social wellbeing. This paper calls for programmes that are tailor to addressing rapidly developing slum settlements in low income area, to secure the future generation.
Households Socio-Economic Determinants of Childhood Diarrhoea Morbidity in Selected South Asian Countries
Authors: Anwar Sofia , Iftikhar Aisha , Asif Aisha , Batool Zahira
Published: October 2017

This study attempts to find out the association between the household socioeconomic factors with childhood diarrhoea in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. To estimate the determinants of diarrhoea, the study uses the data derived from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in three Asian countries: Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal from 2011 to 2013. To find out the diarrhoea morbidity among child under five, the child age, child gender, mother's education and working status, child immunization, source of drinking water, type of toilet facility, washing hands behavior, floor material, and economic status of household has been used as independent variables. Binary logistic model is used to estimate the probability of diarrhoea morbidity among children of selected countries in this study. The results of binary logistic regression indicate that to reduce diarrhoea morbidity, washing hands especially after using toilet and at time of preparing food and eating food can play a major part. Mother's education and work status have significant impact on diarrhoea morbidity. The study concludes that family size has a strong impact on childhood diarrhoea morbidity. In small families, mothers have more time for child care than large families. So the chances of diarrhoea incidence are less in small families.
Efficiency Analysis of Public and Private Sector Schools of Multan District: A Non-Parametric Approach
Authors: Batool Sumaira , Farooq Fatima , Abbas Imran , Abbas Muhammad
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of public and private sector secondary and higher secondary schools in Multan district. We use output oriented data envelopment analysis to measure technical and scale efficiency of a sample of 100 public and private sector schools, using data for the year 2014. DEA is employed to compare efficiency of both types of schools because it is the most popular technique used to measure the relative efficiency of non-profit organizations due to the absence of prices or relative values of educational outputs. Moreover, it can handle multiple inputs and outputs with great ease. As public and private schools are working under similar environmental conditions, we have used a single frontier, incorporating four educational inputs and four outputs. The results of the data demonstrate that public schools lag behind private schools in terms of CRS and VRS technical efficiency scores and scale efficiency scores. Our study of schools validates the dominant paradigm that private schools outperform the state-run institutes.
Impact of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Affecting Child Health in Selected South Asian Countries
Authors: Anwar Sofia , Khushbakhet Maria , Asif Aisha , Batool Zahira
Published: October 2017

Development of any nation is estimated through child health condition. In particular, the fourth millennium development goal out of eight is to reduce the mortality rate. The target set under this goal was to reduce by two-third, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of child mortality. Maternal BMI is closely associated with child nutritional status. Weak mother having low BMI has low nutrition status which effect child weight. Healthy and balance food of mothers have positive effect on their child. Underweight mother can have impaired and poor growing kids. This study presents impact of some socio-economic demographic and maternal health related factors on health status of children in selected South Asian countries i.e. Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The study used micro data from demographic and health survey (DHS) of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. Multinomial logistic regression results revealed that mother education, mother working status, mother health, availability of safe drinking water, family size and vaccination have significant effect on child health. Mother's education is positively associated with healthy child. Working mothers are more likely to have healthy child. Weak and obese children are positively associated with malnourished and overweight mothers respectively. Small family size has positive impact on weak child health. Vaccination and availability of improved and safe water are positively associated with child health.
Infrastructure and Households' Incomes in Pakistan: A Cross Province Comparative Analysis of Rural Areas
Authors: Ahmad Ishtiaq , Khan Muhammad Bashir , Farooq Fatima
Published: October 2017

Lack of earning opportunities in rural areas of developing countries is the key constraint to rural development and infrastructure has the force to increase such activities. Hence, this study attempts to summarize status of rural infrastructural development along with exploring its role for enhancement of rural household's income in Pakistan.  On the basis of "Pakistan 2008 MOUZA Statistics", a cross-province comparative analysis points out devastated state of rural infrastructural development in Pakistan which is observed to be miserable on account of skewed distribution while favouring Punjab and depriving Balochistan. This study also exploits income generation model based on production function while including infrastructure as external factor with the hypothesis that it has multiplier effect on incomes. For this purpose Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) for the year 2005-06 is used for rural areas only, which is latest in the sense that information on rural communities is uniquely available in this dataset. On the basis of analysis using log-lin functional form it has been concluded in this study that even infrastructural development has a positive role for rural households' incomes but its role is secondary in comparison to other attributes i.e. household size, livestock holdings, head's gender, age and education.  It is further established that for rural households' income even infrastructure for energy provision is most important but infrastructural need for different regions is different.
Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Affecting Individual's Life Satisfaction in Selected SAARC Countries: A Micro Data Analysis
Authors: Anwar Sofia , Asif Aisha
Published: October 2017

Life satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a significant dimension of wellbeing. Thus the main b of the objective study will be to explore the association among income, family composition, health, and religion over life satisfaction. In this effort, correlates of the life satisfaction for the SAARC countries Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh analyzed. Micro data from the World Values Survey (WVS) fourth wave (1999 to 2004) for Pakistan, India and Bangladesh was utilized comprising a wide range of information on political, social and cultural values of countries. The multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine the effects of various socioeconomic and demographic factors on life satisfaction.  Health, income, shows significant positive factor in determining life satisfaction, however financial satisfaction is overpowered by religious faith especially in India and Pakistan. Employment had a positive impact on individual's satisfaction in Pakistan and India. Gender, education has insignificant impact on life satisfaction in three countries. Age has insignificant effect on life satisfaction in Pakistan, while shows insignificant impact in India and Bangladesh. Preferences for democracy are associated with life satisfaction in India and Bangladesh.
Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Public and Private Colleges of Multan District: Data Envelope Approach Analysis
Authors: Batool Sumaira , Abbs Imran , Farooq Fatima , Ahmad Ishtiaq
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of public and private sector colleges in Multan district. We use output oriented data envelopment analysis to measure technical and scale efficiency of a sample of 40 colleges, using data for the year 2014. DEA, which is the most popular technique used to measure the relative efficiency of non-profit organizations due to the absence of prices or relative values of educational outputs, is  employed to compare efficiency of both types of colleges. Moreover, it can handle multiple inputs and outputs with great ease. As public and private colleges are working under similar environmental conditions, we have used a single frontier, incorporating four educational inputs and four outputs. The results of the data demonstrate that private colleges lag behind public colleges in terms of CRS and VRS technical efficiency scores and scale efficiency scores. Our study of colleges is in contrast with the dominant paradigm that private colleges outperform the state-run colleges.
Measuring Inter-Industry Competitive Advantage and Performance of Lesotho's Export Sector
Authors: Mzumara Macleans
Published: October 2017

The author investigated inter-industry competitive advantage andperformance of Lesotho's export sector. The results show competitivenessin Lesotho varies from one industry to the other. Textiles industry is themost competitive in Lesotho with 165 product lines which has revealedcomparative advantage of equal or greater than 1. It is followed bymiscellaneous industry with a demonstrated competitiveness in 35 productlines. The least competitive industries in Lesotho were found to be footwear/head gear and wood and wood products both with only 4 product lines.The following industries in Lesotho performed badly and have nocomparative advantage at all: animal and animal products; raw hides, skinsleather and furs; plastic and rubber; chemical and allied industries; foodstuffs; and mineral products. Although Lesotho has competitive advantagein textiles industry, it is also very vulnerable due to over-reliance on a singleindustry. There is a need to diversify through attracting foreign directinvestment that will also usher in improvement in competitiveness acrossindustries.
Workers' Remittances and Growth Linkages in Pakistan
Authors: Yasmin Fouzia , Faridi Muhammad Zahir , Ali Hina , Yasin Adnan
Published: October 2017

Remittances are considered as the cash inflows to the economy and are imperative international source of revenue for most of the less developed countries (LDCs). For data analysis, the Ordinary least square estimation technique was employed to the time series data for the years 1981 to 2010. This research comes with the conclusion that level of GDP is positively associated with the worker's remittances and the findings also support the optimistic view of remittances. It is suggested that govt. should take serious steps and proper measures to utilize the workers' remittances so, that the economy will be on the right track towards the development.
The Role of Human Capital Formation in Poverty Mitigation: A Co-integration Analysis from Pakistan
Authors: Arif Romaisa , Faridi Muhammad Zahir , Farooq Fatima
Published: October 2017

The present study tries to explore the dynamic relationship between human capital formation and poverty mitigation by adopting the course of investment in education and health substances. For this sake, study takes heath expenditure and infant mortality rate as health indicators while status of education is captured with literacy rate and enrollment in higher education. Time series data is employed ranges from 1973-2013. The properties of time series data are inspected with the ADF test whilst PP test is employed for the robustness of unit root results. Mixed order of integration of data compels us to make use of ARDL technique for the estimation. Similarly, one unit change in health expenditures lead to reduce 0.251 units of poverty and one unit change in infant mortality cause to reduce poverty by 0.04 units. In last, one unit increase in literacy rate changes 1.03 units in poverty and one unit change in higher education results in 0.003 unit's change in poverty. The results of the study leave us with a clear finale for an optimal policy formulation that, Pakistan is in sturdy need of investment in health and education substances for a noteworthy accumulation of human capital for a right way poverty mitigation policy.
La situación de los hospitales en 2017
Authors: Gonzalez Quiñones Juan Carlos
Published: October 2017

Breve resumen de la excelente exposicón del doctor Juan Carlos Giraldo en el Congreso de la República acerca del momento que pasan los hospitales.
Importancia de los signos y síntomas del sistema respiratorio. Semiología basada en la evidencia.
Authors: Bernal Ferreira Gonzalo
Published: October 2017

En esta lección se responde, a través de preguntas, algunas inquietudes en cuanto a la pertinencia y utilidad de los hallazgos semiológicos referentes al sistema respiratorio.
Resumen del artículo: "Guía sobre precisión y exactitud del examen clínico".
Authors: Pinzón Jenny
Published: October 2017

Traducción adaptada del artículo “A Primer on the Precision and Accuracy of the Clinical Ecamination”, en honor al doctor David Sackett, que incorpora algunas imágenes y resumie algunas partes, considerándolo muy importante por las herramientas que ofrece para el examen clínico racional y para evaluar artículos que traten sobre test de diagnóstico.
Comentario sobre el artículo: "Uso de la mejor evidencia para el manejo de la hipertensión".
Authors: Gonzalez Quiñones Juan Carlos
Published: October 2017

Este artículo presenta los comentarios los encontrados en la página Therapeutics Initiative sobre el manejo de la hipertensión arterial. Una información verdaderamente útil con la posibilidad de poderse aplicar. Asumiendo el reto de resumirlo, pero aclarando que nada mejor que leer el original, les presentamos estas sencillas pautas.
Who Feels Included in School? Examining Feelings of Inclusion Among Students With Disabilities
Authors: Stiefel Leanna , Shiferaw Menbere , Schwartz Amy Ellen , Gottfried Michael
Published: October 2017

The passage of landmark federal legislation in 1975 guaranteed students with disabilities (SWDs) a free appropriate public education. Over time, reauthorization of this legislation has highlighted the importance of educating SWDs in the general education environment where appropriate, and significant interaction with general education peers who are not receiving special education services (GENs) has followed. The largest U.S. school district—New York City (NYC), the setting of our study—mirrors this national trend toward more inclusive environments. Despite the trend, a critical question remains: Does inclusion in fact feel inclusive? This study provides a district-wide descriptive analysis of feelings of inclusion among SWDs compared to their GEN peers. We rely on detailed, longitudinal administrative and student survey data on approximately 249,000 NYC middle school students attending schools that educate both SWDs and GENs (which we call traditional schools in contrast with schools that educate only SWDs). Our results suggest that while gaps between SWDs overall and GENs are quite small, there is some heterogeneity. Specifically, students with an emotional disturbance (ED) and other health impairments (OH) feel modestly less included with peers but more with adults. There are, however, almost no differences in feelings of inclusion between students assigned exclusive and inclusive services, even for those in the ED and OH groups. In fact, for students with low incidence (LI) disabilities, feelings of inclusion are slightly better when assigned exclusive services.
Interval Estimation of Latent Variable Scores in Item Response Theory
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Ji Seung
Published: October 2017

The uncertainty arising from item parameter estimation is often not negligible and must be accounted for when calculating latent variable (LV) scores in item response theory (IRT). It is particularly so when the calibration sample size is limited and/or the calibration IRT model is complex. In the current work, we treat two-stage IRT scoring as a predictive inference problem: The target of prediction is a random variable that follows the true posterior of the LV conditional on the response pattern being scored. Various Bayesian, fiducial, and frequentist prediction intervals of LV scores, which can be obtained from a simple yet generic Monte Carlo recipe, are evaluated and contrasted via simulations based on several measures of prediction quality. An empirical data example is also presented to illustrate the use of candidate methods.
La résolution des conflits matrimoniaux en situation de pluralisme juridique complexe à Koudougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Paré Marie-Ève
Published: October 2017

Le transfert de référents juridiques civilistes au Burkina Faso génère un pluralisme juridique complexe. Cet article s'intéresse aux conséquences locales de ce pluralisme juridique et aux stratégies adoptées dans la résolution des conflits matrimoniaux. L'analyse porte sur l'actualisation des processus de séparations et de divorces par les acteurs sociaux. J'aborde donc, à travers des cas de conflits, les problématiques d'accès à la justice ainsi que les pratiques de métissage qui voient le jour dans le contexte particulier de la ville de Koudougou, troisième ville en importance démographique au Burkina Faso.
Canada under the DEWline
Authors: Campbell Rebecca
Published: October 2017

The Distant Early Warning Line (DEWline) marks the intersection of military-­technological and cultural discourses. It was both a radar system and a conceptual way-station in the fraught history of Canada’s Arctic, a punctuation point between the utopian socialism of F.R. Scott’s “Laurentian Shield, the “near-future warnings” of Marshall McLuhan, and the ecological anxiety of our contemporary North. Further, the DEWline exists at the intersection of national, civilian space—it is, after all, designed for defence—and the totalities of the Cold War. As such, the DEWline is productive, challenging, and elusive. It is a measure of both weaponized information and nuclear anxiety, as well as a literal contact zone between what Rachel Woodward calls militarism’s “moral order” and the cultural work of a critic like McLuhan or a poet like Scott. It is also one way in which civilians can understand how militarism’s discourses and ­epistemologies construct landscapes and subjects far beyond the range of its radar.
Abū Muḥammad b. al-Qurṭubī versus Abū ʿAlī al-Rundī: An Andalusī Polemic on the Modes of Transmission of the Qur'an
Authors: Adang Camilla
Published: October 2017

This contribution deals with Abū ʿAlī al-Rundī's (d. 616/1219) refutation of Abū Muḥammad b. al-Qurṭubī's (d. 611/1214) views on the modes of transmission of the Qur'an and the qirāʾāt (‘variant readings’). It is the last in a series of texts on this topic included by Aḥmad al-Wansharīsī (d. 914/1509) in his famous fatwā collection, al-Miʿyār al-muʿrib. The two Andalusī scholars had similar academic profiles and vied for recognition as the foremost authority on Qur'an readings in Malaga, which during the Almohad period was home to a large number of eminent ʿulamāʾ. Asked whether he thought that the Qur'an, in its variant readings, should be transmitted with an isnād, from one person to the next, Ibn al-Qurṭubī had apparently replied in the affirmative. In the text under discussion, al-Rundī aims to destroy the arguments of his arch-rival, whom he describes in scathing terms. He argues that the Qur'an has always been transmitted through tawātur (that is, by a multitude of trustworthy people) which alone guarantees sound knowledge. The refutation not only reflects the state of Qur'anic Studies in al-Andalus at the time, but also the acrimonious relations between two important scholars.
Étude d'un muṣḥaf maghrébin atypique du XVIIe siècle : analyse conjointe des qirāʾāt et des encres
Authors: Chahdi Hassan , Roger-Puyo Patricia
Published: October 2017

L'étude d'un manuscrit ancien relève souvent pour les chercheurs en ce domaine d'une quête relative au contenu de ce dernier. Parmi ceux que le contenant intéresse également, il est possible d'en entreprendre une analyse matérielle sans impact pour l'intégrité de l'ouvrage, à partir d'outils spécifiques dès le moment où ces derniers sont conçus pour et bien maîtrisés. Notre recherche concerne un manuscrit du XVIIe siècle issu d'une collection privée. Il s'agit d'un Mushaf maghrébin atypique ayant à sa marge un corpus de variantes de lectures. Il comporte très peu de renseignements relatifs à sa fabrication mais porte les marques de plusieurs interventions. L'analyse conjointe a été entreprise du fait de l'aspect atypique de cet ouvrage et d'un questionnement portant sur le nombre de mains ayant pu intervenir lors des différentes lectures dans le temps. A la suite de cette analyse conjointe cette étude a permis de mieux comprendre la fabrication du texte, de mieux connaître les matériaux employés pour la matérialisation de ce dernier et au-delà nous permet de livrer une part de l'histoire de ce manuscrit.

[To researchers, the study of an old manuscript often consists of the analysis of its content. For those also interested in its materiality it is possible to undertake material analyses without jeopardising the object's integrity by using specific tools, as long as they are properly conceived and mastered. Our research concerns a manuscript of the seventeenth century kept in a private collection: an atypical musḥaf from the Islamic Maghreb, featuring in its margins a peculiar corpus of alternative readings. It contains very little information relative to its production but carries the marks of several interventions. A joint historical and material analysis was undertaken due to the atypical aspect of this work and to answer questions regarding the number of different hands contributing to the editing of the manuscript during the reading process over time. Thanks to this two-fold study, this study allows us to better understand the actual process by which the manuscript was manufactured, to identify which materials were used for this work, and to uncover a part of this manuscript's history.]
Acid and Volatiles of Commercially-Available Lambic Beers
Authors: Thompson Witrick Katherine , Duncan Susan , Hurley Ken , O’Keefe Sean
Published: October 2017

Lambic beer is the oldest style of beer still being produced in the Western world using spontaneous fermentation. Gueuze is a style of lambic beer prepared by mixing young (one year) and older (two to three years) beers. Little is known about the volatiles and semi-volatiles found in commercial samples of gueuze lambic beers. SPME was used to extract the volatiles from nine different brands of lambic beer. GC-MS was used for the separation and identification of the compounds extracted with SPME. The pH and color were measured using standard procedures. A total of 50 compounds were identified in the nine brands. Seventeen of the 50 compounds identified have been previously identified. The compounds identified included a number of different chemical groups such as acids, alcohols, phenols, ketones, aldehydes, and esters. Ethyl acetate, 4-ethylphenol, and 4-ethylguaiacol are known by-products of the yeast, Brettanomyces, which is normally a spoilage microorganism in beer and wine, but important for the flavor characteristics of lambic beer. There were no differences in pH, but there were differences in color between the beer samples.
Approach to Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Dimensioning for Urban Electric Buses Regarding Efficiency and Battery Aging
Authors: Nájera Jorge , Moreno-Torres Pablo , Lafoz Marcos , De Castro Rosa , R. Arribas Jaime
Published: October 2017

This paper focuses on Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS), consisting of a combination of batteries and Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), for electric urban busses. The aim of the paper is to develop a methodology to determine the hybridization percentage that allows the electric bus to work with the highest efficiency while reducing battery aging, depending on the chosen topology, control strategy, and driving cycle. Three power electronic topologies are qualitatively analyzed based on different criteria, with the topology selected as the favorite being analyzed in detail. The whole system under study is comprised of the following elements: a battery pack (LiFePO4 batteries), an EDLC pack, up to two DC-DC converters (depending on the topology), and an equivalent load, which behaves as an electric bus drive (including motion resistances and inertia). Mathematical models for the battery, EDLCs, DC-DC converter, and the vehicle itself are developed for this analysis. The methodology presented in this work, as the main scientific contribution, considers performance variation (energy efficiency and battery aging) and hybridization percentage (ratio between batteries and EDLCs, defined in terms of mass), using a power load profile based on standard driving cycles. The results state that there is a hybridization percentage that increases energy efficiency and reduces battery aging, maximizing the economic benefits of the vehicle, for every combination of topology, type of storage device, control strategy, and driving cycle.
Preliminary Insight into Winter Native Fish Assemblages in Guadiana Estuary Salt Marshes Coping with Environmental Variability and Non-Indigenous Fish Introduction
Authors: Gonçalves Renata , Teodósio Maria , Cruz Joana , Ben-Hamadou Radhouan , Correia Ana , Chícharo Luís
Published: October 2017

This work aims to undertake a preliminary characterization of winter fish assemblages in the salt marsh areas of Guadiana lower estuary (South-East Portugal) and discusses the potential risks of habitat dominance by a non-indigenous species (NIS). To this effect, six field campaigns were carried out in four sampling sites during winter season targeting the collection of fish species. A total of 48 samples were collected. Individuals from seven different taxa (marine and estuarine) were collected, although the assemblage was dominated by two estuarine species—the native Pomatoschistus sp. (goby) and the NIS Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog). Goby was the most abundant taxa in the majority of salt marsh habitats, except for one specific, marsh pool, where extreme environmental conditions were registered, namely high temperature and salinity. Such conditions may have boosted the intrusion of mummichog in this area. This species is well adapted to a wide range of abiotic factors enabling them to colonize habitats where no predators inhabit. Impacts of mummichog introduction in the Guadiana salt marsh area are still unpredictable since this is the first time they have been recorded in such high density. Nevertheless, in scenarios of increased anthropogenic pressure and, consequently, habitat degradation, there is a potential risk of mummichog spreading to other habitats and therefore competing for space and food resources with native species.
A Novel Hybrid Actuator Driven Magnetically in the Bi-Cell PEM Fuel Cell Stack
Authors: Ma Hsiaokang , Hsu Yuanlung , Hsu Poching
Published: October 2017

This study develops an air breathing pump driven by a piezoelectric actuator for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. Permanent magnets are combined with a piezoelectric actuator to drive three air breathing pumps using magnetic force. This design enables the pump to provide a sufficient amount of air simultaneously to six cathode flow field plates in a stack of three “bi-cell PZTmag–PEMFCs”. When both the PZTmag and the PDMSmag had a magnet with a 6-mm diameter and 1-mm thickness, a maximum amplitude of 87 μm was generated at 0.03 W of power under operating conditions of 70 Hz and 40 V. In computational fluid dynamics (CFD), when the nozzle and the diffuser of an air breathing pump have an aspect ratio of 13.13, air flow distributes uniformly inside the pump, thus allowing for uniform transmission of oxygen to the membrane electrode assembly. This aspect ratio was applied to the bi-cell PZTmag–PEMFC stack and yielded a maximum net power flux of 0.1925 W·cm−2, 20% higher than that reported in a previous study (Ma, 2013), with 68% and 76% less volume and weight, respectively.
Spectrum-Effect Relationships between Fingerprints of Caulophyllum robustum Maxim and Inhabited Pro-Inflammation Cytokine Effects
Authors: Lü Shaowa , Dong Shuyu , Xu Dan , Duan Jixin , Li Guoyu , Guo Yuyan , Kuang Haixue , Wang Qiuhong
Published: October 2017

Caulophyllum robustum Maxim (CRM) is a Chinese folk medicine with significant effect on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was designed to explore the spectrum-effect relationships between high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints and the anti-inflammatory effects of CRM. Seventeen common peaks were detected by fingerprint similarity evaluation software. Among them, 15 peaks were identified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Pharmacodynamics experiments were conducted in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice to obtain the anti-inflammatory effects of different batches of CRM with four pro-inflammation cytokines (TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, and IL-17) as indicators. These cytokines were suppressed at different levels according to the different batches of CRM treatment. The spectrum-effect relationships between chemical fingerprints and the pro-inflammation effects of CRM were established by multiple linear regression (MLR) and gray relational analysis (GRA). The spectrum-effect relationships revealed that the alkaloids (N-methylcytisine, magnoflorine), saponins (leiyemudanoside C, leiyemudanoside D, leiyemudanoside G, leiyemudanoside B, cauloside H, leonticin D, cauloside G, cauloside D, cauloside B, cauloside C, and cauloside A), sapogenins (oleanolic acid), β-sitosterols, and unknown compounds (X3, X17) together showed anti-inflammatory efficacy. The results also showed that the correlation between saponins and inflammatory factors was significantly closer than that of alkaloids, and saponins linked with less sugar may have higher inhibition effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines in CIA mice. This work provided a general model of the combination of HPLC and anti-inflammatory effects to study the spectrum-effect relationships of CRM, which can be used to discover the active substance and to control the quality of this treatment.
Molecular Mechanisms Driving Cholangiocarcinoma Invasiveness: An Overview
Authors: Brivio Simone , Cadamuro Massimiliano , Fabris Luca , Strazzabosco Mario
Published: October 2017

The acquisition of invasive functions by tumor cells is a first and crucial step toward the development of metastasis, which nowadays represents the main cause of cancer-related death. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a primary liver cancer originating from the biliary epithelium, typically develops intrahepatic or lymph node metastases at early stages, thus preventing the majority of patients from undergoing curative treatments, consistent with their very poor prognosis. As in most carcinomas, CCA cells gradually adopt a motile, mesenchymal-like phenotype, enabling them to cross the basement membrane, detach from the primary tumor, and invade the surrounding stroma. Unfortunately, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that synergistically orchestrate this proinvasive phenotypic switch. Autocrine and paracrine signals (cyto/chemokines, growth factors, and morphogens) permeating the tumor microenvironment undoubtedly play a prominent role in this context. Moreover, a number of recently identified signaling systems are currently drawing attention as putative mechanistic determinants of CCA cell invasion. They encompass transcription factors, protein kinases and phosphatases, ubiquitin ligases, adaptor proteins, and miRNAs, whose aberrant expression may result from either stochastic mutations or the abnormal activation of upstream pro-oncogenic pathways. Herein we sought to summarize the most relevant molecules in this field and to discuss their mechanism of action and potential prognostic relevance in CCA. Hopefully, a deeper knowledge of the molecular determinants of CCA invasiveness will help to identify clinically useful biomarkers and novel druggable targets, with the ultimate goal to develop innovative approaches to the management of this devastating malignancy.
Cosmic Rays and Non-thermal Emission Induced by Accretion of Cool Gas onto the Galactic Disk
Authors: Inoue Susumu , Uchiyama Yasunobu , Arakawa Masanori , Renaud Matthieu , Wada Keiichi
Published: October 2017

On both observational and theoretical grounds, the disk of our Galaxy should be accreting cool gas with temperature

K via the halo at a rate ∼

. At least some of this accretion is mediated by high-velocity clouds (HVCs), observed to be traveling in the halo with velocities of a few 100 km s−1 and occasionally impacting the disk at such velocities, especially in the outer regions of the Galaxy. We address the possibility of particle acceleration in shocks triggered by such HVC accretion events, and the detectability of consequent non-thermal emission in the radio to gamma-ray bands and high-energy neutrinos. For plausible shock velocities

and magnetic field strengths

, electrons and protons may be accelerated up to ∼1–10 TeV and

TeV, respectively, in sufficiently strong adiabatic shocks during their lifetime of

. The resultant pion decay and inverse Compton gamma-rays may be the origin of some unidentified Galactic GeV–TeV sources, particularly the “dark” source HESS J1503–582 that is spatially coincident with the anomalous H i structure known as “forbidden-velocity wings.” Correlation of their locations with star-forming regions may be weak, absent, or even opposite. Non-thermal radio and X-ray emission from primary and/or secondary electrons may be detectable with deeper observations. The contribution of HVC accretion to Galactic cosmic rays is subdominant, but could be non-negligible in the outer Galaxy. As the thermal emission induced by HVC accretion is likely difficult to detect, observations of such phenomena may offer a unique perspective on probing gas accretion onto the Milky Way and other galaxies.
Hard X-Ray Emission from the M87 AGN Detected with NuSTAR
Authors: Wong Ka-Wah , Nemmen Rodrigo S. , Irwin Jimmy A. , Lin Dacheng
Published: October 2017

M87 hosts a 3–6 billion solar mass black hole with a remarkable relativistic jet that has been regularly monitored in radio to TeV bands. However, hard X-ray emission ≳10 keV, which would be expected to primarily come from the jet or the accretion flow, had never been detected from its unresolved X-ray core. We report NuSTAR detection up to 40 keV from the the central regions of M87. Together with simultaneous Chandra observations, we have constrained the dominant hard X-ray emission to be from its unresolved X-ray core, presumably in its quiescent state. The core spectrum is well fitted by a power law with photon index

. The measured flux density at 40 keV is consistent with a jet origin, although emission from the advection-dominated accretion flow cannot be completely ruled out. The detected hard X-ray emission is significantly lower than that predicted by synchrotron self-Compton models introduced to explain emission above a GeV.
La catégorie des PME à l’épreuve de l’histoire longue des territoires industriels alpins (France. XVIII e -XXI e siècles)
Authors: Judet Pierre
Published: October 2017

Redécouvertes avec la crise des années 1980, les PME sont aujourd’hui présentées comme essentielles dans la lutte contre le chômage, pour développer la flexibilité de l’économie et pour le respect de l’environnement. Définie seulement partir des années 1960, cette catégorie s’est construite par opposition à la grande entreprise qui représentait la modernité. Comme les sources les concernant ne sont ni abondantes ni homogènes, faire l’histoire des PME ne va pas de soi, surtout en terrain alpin, où l’industrie est mal prise en considération. Ainsi, là plus qu’ailleurs, les PMI ont longtemps été considérées comme des traces du passé destinées à disparaître. Faire cette histoire présente cependant un grand intérêt en raison du caractère de prisme déformant du terrain montagnard. D’une part, les formes d’industries dispersées, antérieures à la « première révolution industrielle » à l’anglaise – quasiment absente en montagne -, y sont particulièrement importantes. D’autre part, le développement de la seconde industrialisation représentée en montagne par l’électroindustrie et ses grandes entreprises a masqué l’importance de ces établissements modestes. Or son effondrement récent a fait apparaître au grand jour un tissu de PMI, longtemps ignoré, et qui peut aujourd’hui apparaître, à tort, comme nouveau. Cet article se propose donc de revenir sur cette histoire longue en s’interrogeant sur la pertinence de cette catégorie en ayant à l’esprit que, pendant chaque période historique, des choix idéologiques s’imposent et obscurcissent la réalité, particulièrement en montagne.
Produire les premiers avions fiables, une affaire de PME (fin du XIX e siècle - 1914)
Authors: Olivier Jean-Marc
Published: October 2017

L’essor de la production d’avions fiables avant 1914 doit beaucoup aux PME. Ces dernières se révèlent plus efficaces que les grandes entreprises bien établies ou soutenues par les États. Il existe de nombreux exemples d’échecs et les entrepreneurs qui font fortune demeurent rares. Ainsi, les désastres coûteux des grandes entreprises de Maxim ou de Langley doivent être comparés aux succès d’artisans comme les Wright ou Blériot.