bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Readiness Toward the Implementation of Blended Learning Among Lecturers and Students of Foreign Languages
Authors: Ribahan Ribahan
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to explore the availability of facilities to implement blended learning in teaching and learning foreign languages, the use of the internet and e-learning literacy among lecturers and students of foreign languages departments, and the readiness for blended learning in teaching and learning foreign languages. This study used a mixed method which combined quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. A questionnaire containing several statements was distributed to lecturers and students of the English and Arabic Departments ​​to collect necessary data. The statements break down into three categories according to the problems in this study. The first are the ones that require close answers yes or no, while the second and third are the ones that demand responses on four scales namely strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree. Then, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study revealed that the lecturers and students had the needed facilities to support the implementation of blended learning, yet the internet service in terms of coverage and accessibility at the campus was not adequate. It was also known that the lecturers and the students had the knowledge and skills to operate any tools and features of the internet for blended learning. Most importantly, the lecturers and students were ready for the implementation of blended learning in the teaching and learning of English and Arabic.
Penguatan Karakter Peserta Didik Melalui Pembelajaran IPS Terpadu
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Haloho Bongguk , Napitu Ulung , Corry Corry
Published: May 2023

Character is inherent in every individual which is reflected in behavior patterns in everyday life. A person's character is influenced by environmental factors (nurture) and innate factors (nature). This character education aims to develop a person's ability to make good and bad decisions, maintain what is good, and realize that goodness in everyday life wholeheartedly. Where at this time the condition of the Indonesian nation is experiencing a decline in character. We realize that if this demoralization is not corrected immediately, this nation that we love will be on the brink of collapse. Therefore character education is a habit, so the formation of one's character requires communities of character. The role of schools as communities of character in character education is very important. Schools develop character education processes through learning processes, habituation, extracurricular activities, and working with families and communities in their development.
Analisis Exegesis Kata ἐΠΙΕΙΚὲΣ dan Implikasinya terhadap Terjemahan dari Filipi 4:5
Authors: Subriyanto Subriyanto , Najoan Jemmy C.
Published: May 2023

The translation of the word ἐπιεικὲς in Philippians 4:5 is inviting trouble as the Indonesian translation does not seem to be very appropriate based on the context. While many versions of the Bible give the correct translation, the discussion about why the translation was given has never appeared. This article discusses the use of the word ἐπιεικὲς in the verse in question based on three points of view. First, it analyzes the usage of the word in the New Testament. Secondly, it analyzes the near context of the verse under study. Third, the analysis of the sequential order that usually appears in Paul's writings. Fourth, the analysis of the broader context. The four analyses prove that when Paul uses the word ἐπιεικὲς he is referring to the context of suffering, which is why the correct meaning for the translation of the word ἐπιεικὲς is forbearance. Thus, Jesus' teaching on almsgiving in Matthew does not contradict Philippians 4:5.
Simulation of Longitudinal Stability Of Helicopter In Forward Flight
Authors: Kadhim Kareem Jawad , Shahid Abid Noor Jameel
Published: May 2023

The present work describes the development of code for trim and longitudinal stability analysis of a helicopter in forward flight. In general, particular use of these codes can be made for parametric investigation of the effects of the external and internal systems integrated to UH-60 helicopters. A forward flight longitudinal dynamic stability code is also developed in the work to solve the longitudinal part of the whole coupled matrix of equations of motion of a helicopter in forward flight. The coupling is eliminated by linearization. The trim analysis results are used as inputs to the dynamic stability code. The forward flight stability code is applied to UH-60 helicopter.
Bearing Capacity of Shallow Footing on Compacted Filling Dune Sand Over Reinforced Gypseous Soil
Authors: Al-busoda Bushra Sahal. , Salman Rusol
Published: May 2023

Existence of these soils, sometimes with high gypsum content, caused difficult problems to the buildings and strategic projects due to dissolution and leaching of gypsum by the action of waterflow through soil mass. In this research, a new technique is adopted to investigate the performance of replacement and geosynthetic reinforcement materials to improve the gypseous soil behavior through experimential set up manufactured loaclally specially for this work. A series of tests were carried out using steel container (600*600*500) mm. A square footing (100*100) mm was placed at the center of the top surface of the bed soil. The results showed that the most effective thickness for the dune sand layer with geotextile at the interface, within the tested range, was found to be almost equal to the width of foundation. Therefore, under this depth, the soil was reinforced with geogrid and geotextile. It can be shown that (Collapse Settlement Reduction Factor) increases to (72%) when using two layers of geogrid and one layer of geotextile under depth of replacement equal to the width of footing. In addition, the results showed that the bearing capacity increases to (1.5-2.0)  time under concentric loads and (2.5-3) under eccentric loads after replacement and reinforcement of gypseous soil
Flotation Method for Selective Separation of Lead and Zinc from Simulated Wastewater
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Abed , kadhem Saba Waleed
Published: May 2023

In this paper flotation method experiments were performed to investigate the removal of lead and zinc. Various parameters such as pH, air flow rate, collector concentrations, collector type and initial metal concentrations were tested in a bubble column of 6 cm inside diameter. High recoveries of the two metals have been obtained by applying the foam flotation process, and at relatively short time 45 minutes . The results show that the best removal of lead about 95% was achieved at pH value of 8 and the best removal of zinc about 93% was achievedat pH value of 10 by using 100 mg/l of Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a collector and 1% ethanol as a frother. The results show that the removal efficiency increased with increasing initial metal concentrations in the alkaline conditions while it decreased in the acidic condition. Increasing air flow rate up to 1000 ml/min enhanced the separation efficiency. Selective flotation experiments were also conducted in the presence of metalion mixture solutions. It was possible to separate lead and zinc under suitable condition, successful removals reached about 84% and 81% for lead and zinc respectively . It was observed that the first order equation fitted the data as good and better than any of the other equations.
The Effect of Tool Path Strategy on Mechanical Properties of Brass (65-35) in Single Point Incremental Sheet Metal Forming (SPIF)
Authors: Al-Attaby Qasim Mohammed Doos , Abaas Tahseen Fadhel , Bedan Aqeel Sabree
Published: May 2023

In this paper, three tool paths strategies; iso-planar, helical and adaptive have been implemented to investigates their effect on the mechanical properties of Brass 65-35 formed by single point incremental sheet metal forming process. To response this task, a fully digital integrated system from CAD modeling to finished part (CAD/CAM) for SPIF process has been developed in this paper.The photo-micrographs shows an identical grain formation due to the plastic deformation of the incremental forming process, change in the grain shape and size was observed. It's found that the adaptive tool path play a significant role to increase the hardness of the formed specimen from (48 to 90 HV) and the grain texture of the formed specimen found as round shape, while the hardness is increased in little amount from (48 to 74 HV) in the specimen formed using helical and it’s grain texture was found as needle shape.
Cosmic Ray Enrichment with 22Ne in Young Massive Star Clusters
Authors: Kalyashova M. E. , Bykov A. M. , Badmaev D. V.
Published: May 2023

Abstract—We developed the hypothesis that the 22Ne overabundance in cosmic rays (CRs) is generated in massive star clusters which contain populations of Wolf–Rayet stars. Winds of Wolf–Rayet stars are considered to have high content of 22Ne. We present a model of cosmic ray enrichment with 22Ne in young massive star clusters, adding isotopic yields from supernovae and considering the acceleration efficiency during the lifetime of the stars. The impact of the parameters (the initial mass function in the cluster, rotation velocity, black hole cut-off mass) is discussed. The luminosity of the sources is found to be sufficient to provide the observed CR flux. The local source hypothesis is investigated.
The state of intermediate metabolism and antioxidant protection of the organism of quail during denitrifation
Authors: Gaytov Ch. , Gappoeva V. , Ktsoeva I. , Temiraev R. , Kozyrev S.
Published: May 2023

Purpose: the study of the exposure of the prototype of sagging and the phospholipid complex of lecithin for the intermediate exchange and enzymatic activity of the anti -radical protection of the body of quails in the presence of a subtoxic dose of nitrates in the compound feeds.

Materials and methods. To carry out a scientific and production experiment, meat caves "Pharaoh" were used. From per diem, 4 groups of experimental birds of 50 goals in each were formed on the principle of groups of groups analogues. Compound feeds used for feeding are quittered, grown for meat, were prosperous in the presence of nitrates. With this in mind, for the purity of the experiment, they additionally introduced sodium nitrate in a dose of 40 g/t feed in their composition for all groups in the role of the source of these xenobiotics. At the same time, the presence of nitrates in the diet in a subtoxic dose was ensured. A sagitol’s sagitot at a dose of 1250 g/t, for the 3rd group-1000 g/t lacitin, for the 4th-1250 g/t of the sagitol test + 1000 g/t Lecin, was added to the feed. The 1st group was controlled - for birds of these groups in compensation, sagitol and lecithin were not added to determine the effectiveness of denitrification studied the basic morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and the activity of enzymes of anti -radical protection of the body of quails (5 heads in the group) aged 42 days.

Results. In the course of the studies, it was first established that joint supplements in the diets of produces of produces of sagol at a dose of 1.25 kg/t of feed and lecithin at a dose of 1.0 kg/t food contributed to effective denitrification in the body of the plyona breed. This was manifested in a reliable (p <0.05) increase in the bird of the 3rd experimental group regarding control in the liquid internal environment of the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, as well as in a decrease in the concentration of metghemoglobin by 45.17% (p <0.05) . With joint additives in the diets of probiotic and lecithin, an improvement in the state of natural resistance and antioxidant protection of the poultry body was observed, which was manifested in an increase in the quails of the 3rd experimental group regarding control of lysozymic activity by 2.99% (p <0.05), bacticipid by 11.09% (p <0.05) and the activity of glutathioneperoxidase - by 43.22% (p <0.05) with a decrease in catalase activity - by 17.46% (p <0.05). Under the influence of these drugs, the quails of 3 of the experimental group observed the best level of denitrification, which in the blood serum increased the amount of uric acid by 42.56% (p <0.05) due to a decrease in nitrates by 50.54% (p <0 , 05) and nitrites - by 60.55% (p <0.05).
Association of the complex of polymorphic variants of the DGAT1, GH, PRL and BLG, genes with dairy productivity indicators of holstein dairy cattle cows of domestic selection
Authors: Mikhaliuk A. , Tanana L. , Kuzmina T.
Published: May 2023

The paper presents the results of studying the associated effect of complex genotypes for the genes diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) on the milk productivity of Holstein dairy cattle of domestic selection. The object of research was cattle and biological material (ear pluck) from cows of Holstein dairy cattle of domestic selection, contained in the agricultural production cooperative named after I.P. Senko, Grodno region. DNA genotyping of animals for the genes of diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL), and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP). The results of studies on the assessment of the associated effect of complex genotypes for the genes diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) on the milk productivity of Holstein cows of dairy cattle domestic selection showed that in terms of the mass fraction of fat and the amount of milk fat in milk, in most cases, the highest rates were in animals with the complex genotype DGAT1ККGHLLPRLAABLGAB.
Characteristics of the sanitary quality of milk in sick cows with purulent inflammation of the uterus when using the GEA Dairy ProQ robotic milking system
Authors: Filatova A. , Tshivale B. , Nikitin G. , Avdeenko V.
Published: May 2023

Purpose: to establish the role of reproductive pathologies in high-yielding cows in reducing the sanitary quality of milk at dairy enterprises using various milking systems.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in high-tech dairy enterprises using GEA Dairy ProQ and Ley Astronaut robotic milking systems with cow productivity of more than 11 tons of milk per lactation. 4659 lactating cows were under observation. The selection of samples of uterine secretions, samples from the udder teats, the surface of the anogenital area, mammary gland and milk for bacteriological studies was carried out sterile, then they were sown on nutrient media.

Results. The contents of the uterus with pyometra in 80% are contaminated with microorganisms: S. dysgalactiae  – 29.1%, S. aureus – 26.4%, E. coli  – 24.2%, and S. agalactiae – 20.3%. In 12% of cows, the microflora was isolated in monoculture. In samples of milk obtained from sick cows with uterine pathology using Ley Astronaut robotic milking, it showed 1.72 times lower sanitary safety, in comparison with samples obtained from clinically healthy animals and using the GEA Dairy ProQ robotic milking system.

Conclusion. In samples of milk obtained from sick cows using the Ley Astronaut robotic milking system, a microbiological study found a decrease in the sanitary quality of milk, which is an obstacle in the production of cheese.
Assessment on the “Tail Pull Injuries”: Case Series of 8 Cats
Authors: Çatalkaya Emine , Yayla Sadık , Altan Semih , Ersöz Kanay Berna , Saylak Nahit , Hatipoğlu Şimal
Published: May 2023

Tail-pulling injuries in cats often occur with trauma or pinching of the tail. This condition often causes damage to the nerves that supply the tail, bladder, perineum, and anus. An accurate and good neurological examination is necessary to grade the severity of the injury. The aim of this study in a case series of 8 cats with "Tail Pulling Injuries" was to discuss the clinical results and to provide practical information. Medical records of cats with tail-pulling injuries, loss of voluntary movement of the tail, and loss of pain perception were reviewed retrospectively. Among the cats with tail pull injuries, those with open tail fractures, tail wounds requiring amputation, and spinal trauma were excluded from the study. According to neurological examination findings and tail condition, medical treatment and tail amputation were performed if necessary. Seven of the eight cats in the study had fully recovered by the end of the second week. As a result, in the case of tail pull injuries in cats, if there is no fracture or luxation-related gap, amputation should not be considered immediately. It can be supported by an effective medical treatment. In addition, amputation will be inevitable if there is a gap due to a fracture or luxation in the tail.
A Theorem on the Imaginary Number √(-1)
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: May 2023

√(-1) is an imaginary number in the complex number system. The paper presents a theorem using the imaginary number √(-1).
A Proof of the Collatz conjecture
Authors: Tadesse Henok
Published: May 2023

Take any positive integer N. If it is odd, multiply it by three and add one. If it is even, divide it by two. Repeatedly do the same operations to the results, forming a sequence. It is found that, whatever the initial starting number we choose, the sequence will eventually descend and reach number 1, where it enters an eternal closed loop of 1- 4 - 2 - 1. This has been numerically confirmed for starting numbers up to 260. This is known as the Collatz conjecture which states that the sequence always reaches number 1. So far no proof has ever been found that this holds for every positive integer. This problem has been stated by some as perhaps the simplest math problem to state, yet perhaps the most difficult to solve. This paper makes significant advances in solving the problem by using new insights. Proving the conjecture requires proving that: 1. The sequence will not diverge to infinity 2. There is no closed loop other than the 1-4-2-1 loop. This paper completely proves the first and makes significant advance in proving the second. The new insight is that the whole of the Collatz sequence up to the point where it enters a closed loop is encoded in the starting number. A Collatz sequence diverging to infinity would mean infinite information being encoded in a finite starting number, which is impossible! Therefore, a Collatz sequence generated from a finite starting number can never diverge to infinity. Further reasoning leads to the conclusion that the Collatz sequence necessarily /always ends up in a closed loop.
Semi-Automated Measurement of Cough Airflow and Lung Volume: A Tutorial
Authors: Borders James C
Published: May 2023

The production of a cough involves three distinct phases: inspiration, compression, and forceful expiration. Various cough and lung volume outcomes can be derived from these phases with spirometry or respiratory inductive plethysmography methodologies, respectively. However, current research best-practice requires the user to laboriously measure each outcome in isolation with a graphical user interface. This approach introduces measurement error, potentially impacting reliability and validity. In this tutorial, we present a semi-automated approach to measure cough and lung volume outcomes. Instead of requiring the user to measure each outcome in isolation, time stamps are recorded for nine different cough or respiratory events. An automated program then uses these time stamps to derive relevant cough and respiratory outcomes. In our experience, this approach has reduced the analysis of files with upwards of 45 distinct cough trials from 1-2 hours to 30-45 minutes for a trained rater. Additionally, this workflow provides a verifiable approach to resolve discrepancies, increasing data analysis transparency and reproducibility. This open source tutorial provides a hands-on introduction to this semi-automated workflow, as well as a thorough description of the automated calculations in the R programming language with the hope that other researchers will integrate this workflow to streamline and improve cough measurement.
Linguistic Influences on Comprehensibility and Accentedness in Second Language Korean Speech
Authors: Isbell Daniel Richard , Lee Junkyu , Jang Juhyun
Published: May 2023

A considerable body of research has investigated the influence of linguistic variables on comprehensibility and accentedness in L2 speech. However, studies on this topic have overwhelmingly focused on L2 English, with little known about other L2s. This study investigated linguistic influences on accentedness and comprehensibility in L2 Korean. Participants included 198 L2 Korean speakers of varying proficiency levels and L1 and 82 L1 Korean listeners from South Korea. The speakers completed a monologic speaking task and their speech samples were coded for phonological, lexical, grammatical, and fluency variables. Listener ratings indicated speakers were perceived as more comprehensible than they were nativelike, but the correlation between the two was extremely strong (r = .90). Regression models using linguistic variables to predict comprehensibility and accentedness yielded R2 values of .71 and .65, respectively. Most linguistic variables had similar influences on comprehensibility and accentedness, with some notable exceptions: intonational phrasing errors and lexical diversity predicted comprehensibility, but not accentedness.
The Epistemology of the Near Miss and Its Potential Contribution in the Prevention and Treatment of Problem-Gambling
Authors: Barboianu Catalin
Published: May 2023

The near-miss has been considered an important factor of reinforcement in gambling behavior, and previous research has focused more on its industry-related causes and effects and less on the gaming phenomenon itself. The near-miss has usually been associated with the games of slots and scratch cards, due to the special characteristics of these games, which include the possibility of pre-manipulation of award symbols in order to increase the frequency of these “engineered” near-misses. In this paper, we argue that starting from an elementary mathematical description of the classical (by pure chance) near-miss, generalizable to any game, and focusing equally on the epistemology of its constitutive concepts and their mathematical description, we can identify more precisely the fallacious elements of the near-miss cognitive effects and the inadequate perception and representation of the observational-intentional “I was that close.” This approach further suggests a strategy of using non-standard mathematical knowledge of an epistemological type in problem-gambling prevention and cognitive therapies.
The effects of paranoia and dopamine on perception of cohesion and conspiracy: a pre-registered, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment
Authors: Raihani Nichola , Kamboj Sunjeev , Peniket Matthew , Norman Jessica , Ozturk Ozan Cem , Iskandar Georges , Bell Vaughan
Published: May 2023

Paranoia is a common symptom of psychotic disorders but is also present on a spectrum of severity in the general population. Although paranoia is associated with an increased tendency to perceive cohesion and conspiracy within groups, the mechanistic basis of this variation remains unclear. One potential avenue involves the brain’s dopaminergic system, which is known to be altered in psychosis. In this study, we used large-N online samples to establish the association between trait paranoia and perceptions of cohesion and conspiracy. We further evaluated the role of dopamine on perceptions of cohesion and conspiracy using a double-blind, placebo-controlled laboratory experiment where participants received levodopa or a placebo control. Our results were mixed: group perceptions and perceptions of cohesion were higher among more paranoid individuals but were not altered under dopamine administration. We outline the potential reasons for these discrepancies and the broader implications for understanding paranoia in terms of dopamine dysregulation.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE NONVERBAL FACIAL SIGNALS OF OTHERS: A REVIEW
Authors: Lassalle Amandine
Published: May 2023

Stereotypes exist regarding possible sex differences in the perception of nonverbal communication in social settings. This review paper is an attempt at determining whether there are biological bases for these stereotypes, particularly concerning the perception of the nonverbal social signals present on others’ faces. Specifically, will be discussed the existing literature on the differences between males and females in (1) the perception of others’faces, gaze cues, and trustworthiness, (2) in attention-orienting to gaze, (3) in recognizing and processing facial emotions, , and (4) in how their diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) may influence their perception of others’ nonverbal facial signals. The aim is to establish the basis of what is known about the influence of sex on nonverbal social signals present on others’ faces so as to enable problematics to emerge for further research endeavors.
The Promising Future for Complex Innovative Trial Design in Clinical Research
Authors: Sathian Brijesh , Van Teijlingen Edwin , Banerjee Indrajit , Asim Mohammad , Kabir Russell
Published: May 2023

Complex Innovative Trial Design (CID) offers several potential benefits for clinical research, including the use of novel statistical techniques such as adaptive designs and Bayesian methods that require computer simulation to determine operating characteristics. By leveraging these techniques, CID has the potential to increase the probability of success for clinical trials while simultaneously reducing the time and cost required for drug development.
The Hierarchization of French Varieties in an English-Dominant Context of Canada
Authors: Bouchard Marie-Eve
Published: May 2023

The following study focuses on learners of French in an English-dominant context and contributes to a better understanding of language hierarchization by investigating attitudes toward different varieties of French. It aims to identify a possible correlation between the evaluation of different varieties of French and the participants’ socio-demographic and linguistic backgrounds and examines how learners of French express their preferences regarding French varieties. One hundred and fifty-six learners of French participated in the online experiment, 17 of whom participated in a follow-up interview. The quantitative analyses of the online experiment revealed that participants who lived in more than one country gave higher scores to all accents, and that participants who had studied French longer tended to hold more favourable attitudes toward European French. The qualitative analysis of the follow-up interviews indicate that participants expressed a preference for learning and speaking European French compared to other varieties. These results point to the importance of exposing French learners to as many varieties, both local and international, as possible.
Exérese de um hemangiossarcoma cutâneo facial: Relato de caso
Authors: Tizziani Júnior Eduardo , Oliveira Gabriella Maria Dias de , Souza Mariely Thais de
Published: May 2023

This article analyzes a case of nodulation in the left face region of a bitch, with no defined breed and approximately 8 years of age, admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of a private University. After physical and complementary examinations suggested hemangiosarcoma, the neoplasia was excised for diagnostic confirmation through histopathology. Reconstructive surgery was performed with the axial flap technique on the superficial temporal artery, resulting in complete resection of the neoplasia. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma and the patient was referred to veterinary oncology service.
Prevalência de mamas acometidas em cadelas mastectomizadas em clínica particular na cidade de Dourados, Mato Grosso
Authors: Paulo João Victor Gallo De , Paulovich Milena Souza , Silva Dheywid Karlos Mattos
Published: May 2023

The increase in the life expectancy of dogs in response to the evolution of veterinary medicine regarding the prevention and treatment of diseases is remarkable. Likewise, the rise of pathologies that affect animals of advanced age is evident, such as mammary neoplasms, which affect mainly females, elderly, unspayed or noncastrated after several estrous cycles, without racial predisposition. This research aims to collect data from the analysis of clinical data and histopathological reports of female dogs treated in Dourados, Mato Grosso (Brazil) with mammary tumors. In this survey, it was observed that of 15 female dogs with mammary neoplasia, 87% had malignant neoplasia while 13% had benign neoplasia. The caudal abdominal breasts (M4) were the most affected. Tumor sizes varied between one and five centimeters in diameter, with tumors measuring up to three centimeters being the most recurrent, and the only two benign tumors measuring 1.5 cm. Thus, it is concluded that the caudal abdominal breasts (M4) were the most affected with breast neoplasms, malignant neoformations are the most common and neoplasms with benign conformations have smaller sizes.
ANALGETIC ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT SUNGKAI LEAF (Peronema canescens Jack) IN WHITE MALE MOUSE (Mus musculus) INDUCED WITH ACETIC ACID
Authors: Wahyuni Lia , Muin Dona , Defirson Defirson , Brata Andy
Published: May 2023

Traditional medicine, which is generally considered safer than modern medicine, makes people choose alternative treatments using medicinal plants, one of which is to treat pain. One of the medicinal plants used to treat pain is a plant that contains flavonoids, one of which is the Sungkai plant (Penorema canescens Jack). The research design used was The Static Group Comparison, where the test animals used were divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 5 mice. Group 1 was given 1 percent of CMC. Group II was given ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves at a dose of 300 mg/Kg BW. Group III was given EEDS at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW. Group IV was given EEDS at a dose of 900 mg/Kg BW. Group V was given paracetamol suspension. The results showed that there was an analgesic activity in the EEDS group, dose I was 50 percentage, dose II was 55,798 percentage, and dose III was 69,564 percentage. The study concluded that statisti-cally there was no significant difference in analgesic activity in white male mice between the EEDS doses I, II, and III groups and the paracetamol group.
Les piqûres de scorpion chez l’enfant dans un hôpital provincial marocain
Authors: Taher F. , Lahmini W. , Bourrous M.
Published: May 2023

Objectifs : Les piqûres de scorpion (PS) constituent un problème de santé majeur dans la province d’El Kelâa des Sraghnas (KDS) au Maroc.

Mettre en évidence l’ampleur de l’envenimation scorpionique chez l’enfant en décrivant le profil épidémiologique, clinique et évolutif des PS ainsi que les moyens de prise en charge.

Méthodes : Étude rétrospective concernant les enfants âgés de moins de 15 ans, cas victimes d’envenimations scorpioniques, pris en charge à l’hôpital provincial d’El KDS ; analyse statistique descriptive, univariée.

Résultats : Au total, 418 dossiers d’enfants victimes de PS ont été répertoriés. Plus des deux tiers des patients étaient d’origine rurale (n = 293, 70 %). Près de trois quarts des PS (n = 310, 74 %) coïncidaient avec la période chaude de l’année s’étendant de mai à août. La piqûre par le scorpion noir était prédominante (n = 264, 63 %). Le temps postpiqûre (TPP), séparant le moment de la piqûre et l’arrivée à l’hôpital, variait entre 10 minutes et 17 heures. Cliniquement, 155 enfants (37 %) ont été admis aux urgences en classe I (signes locaux), 226 enfants (54%) en classe II (signes généraux) et seulement 25 enfants (8%) en classe III (détresse vitale). Le sérum antiscorpionique n’a été utilisé chez aucun des patients. Le taux de létalité globale était de 3 %.

Conclusion : Le décès par envenimation scorpionique chez l’enfant à cette province reste fréquent malgré les efforts fournis. La prévention et l’éducation constituent une pierre angulaire dans la Stratégie nationale de lutte contre les PS.
The Normal Foreskin
Authors: Allan Jonathan A.
Published: May 2023

Puberty marks a time of significant transition in the life of a boy as he progresses toward adulthood—and a time of confusion and concern. Many questions are likely thought or asked by the boy as he approaches and lives with puberty. Sex education is taught formally and informally, in the home, on the schoolyard, in the media. Over the twentieth and into the twenty-first century, publishers have produced numerous books about puberty and its experience for young readers. In this article, I consider a specific debate that unfolds in these books, namely, circumcision. To these ends, I define the circumcision debate, briefly consider the genre of puberty books, and analyze the circumcision debate in these books. While these books recognize a circumcision debate, they ultimately frame the circumcised penis or intact penis as equally viable and normal.
Self-Regulating or Supervised Boys?
Authors: Gottzén Lucas
Published: May 2023

This article analyzes debates about online pornography filters and youth in the Swedish press between 2016 and 2020, focusing on the depiction of boys and young men. Critics of filtering software argued that boys could self-regulate if they were provided better sex education and if parents communicated with them about pornography. In contrast, advocates posited that boys are incapable of developing healthy sexuality because online pornography is a powerful drug that leads to addiction and contributes to a rape culture. As boys were considered unable to get a filter “in their head,” proponents argued for disciplinary supervision through software in schools.
Introduction
Authors: Cerezo Marta
Published: May 2023

This special issue aims to participate in the ‘turn to religion’ experienced by Shakespearean scholarship in the last few decades by delving into an undeveloped field of research within the area of Shakespeare studies: the author's religious afterlives.1 By focusing on specific case studies, we propose to analyse how the author and his work have been used to illustrate and support theological and educational concepts; translated considering the implications of biblical intertextuality; variously recreated in religious terms and in different religious contexts; and taught from religious and spiritual standpoints.
Formalization of fertigation module parameters in drip irrigation systems
Authors:   M. I. Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk,  Russian Federation, Tashchilina Anastasia V. , Tashchilin Maxim V. ,   M. I. Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk,  Russian Federation
Published: May 2023

Purpose: to formalize the parameters on which the choice of optimal fertilizer application rates depends with fuzzy sets for constructing a fuzzy model and a control system for the fertigation module. Materials and methods. The use of Soft Computing methods is required by the need to represent the input variables values in the form of fuzzy sets, with further structural and parametric identification of a fuzzy model for controlling the concentration of nutrients in the solution. This will enable to compile fuzzy knowledge bases in the form of “IF – THEN” rules and, using fuzzy logic methods, to determine the well-defined values of output variables: the necessary application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with irrigation water. Results. As input variables, the parameters on which the choice of optimal fertilizer rates depends are determined. At the output of the model, three variables determining the norms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the nutrient solution are used. For each of the selected input and output variables, the measurement ranges and the linguistic term values are selected and membership functions are constructed. Conclusions. The conducted formalization of input and output values will make it possible to build the structure of the fertigation module control model, to form fuzzy rule bases and to implement fuzzy logical inference according to the Mamdani algorithm. This will allow defuzzification of the output variables using the center of gravity method in order to obtain a clear numerical value at the output. It is also possible to carry out parametric identification of the obtained model from the training sample by adjusting the membership functions parameters of the. Thanks to the use of IoT technologies, it will be possible to carry out external control and, if necessary, manual control of the fertigation system.
A complex of river bank-and-canal protection structures and facilities from erosion
Authors:   Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Аnokhin Аlexander М. , Garbuz Alexander Yu. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk,  Russian Federation
Published: May 2023

Purpose: to generalize the current experience in the development of a design of a stepped spur, tested by past floods on the rivers Buffeljags, Duiwenhoks and Hex of the Western Cape province in the Republic of South Africa, and to propose a protective structure against debris loading (carchehod), which is aimed at the unhindered water flow movement and the capture of all drifting trees and their parts. Materials and methods. Numerous bank protection structures built on the river Kuban, do not fulfill their protective functions, but pro-voke bank erosion, which affects negatively the structure as a whole. The demand for stepped spurs and the lack of recommendations on their design and use determine the relevance of their development and use in difficult engineering conditions. The basis of scientific development were the data collected during the floods of 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2008 on the large rivers Buffeljags, Duiwenhoks and Hex of the Western Cape province in the Republic of South Africa. When developing a complex of protective structures, the generally accepted methods of scientific analysis, synthesis and design of hydraulic structures were used. Results. During the research, the advantages of the layout solutions of the used spur struc-tures were determined, the advantages and conditions for structure usage during floods were found. The developments aimed at strengthening the advantages and eliminating the design flaws of the structures to ensure their protection from carchehod have been carried out. The structures can be made in the form of cruciform beams or T-shaped elements mounted on a longitudinal beam. Conclusions. The designs allowing protecting the spurs from damage by a debris loading (carchehod) have been proposed, they represent a single complex of protec-tive structures. Proposals on the layout and design arrangement of the structures complex are formulated.
СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СЛОВА КАК ОБЪЕКТ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ В ПИСАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИИ
Authors:   Институт русского языка им. В. В. Виноградова РАН, Шестакова Л.Л.
Published: May 2023

На рубеже веков в русской писательской (авторской) лексикографии оформился жанр словаря поэтики, соотносимый с понятием преобразования художественного слова. Основы жанра были заложены экспериментальным «Словарем языка русской советской поэзии», идея которого принадлежала В. П. Григорьеву. В опубликованных материалах этого словаря (небольших по объему) был предложен опыт описания разных видов преобразований слова. В настоящее время словарь поэтики представлен по преимуществу словарями образов / тропов, отражающими семантические преобразования слова. Такие словари систематизируются по разным дифференциальным признакам: по количеству описываемых в словарях авторов, родовой принадлежности выбранных текстов, по объекту описания (один вид образных средств или их совокупность) и т. д. Важным источником в изучении истории художественного языка, эволюции его образного строя являются сводные словари поэтики. Монографические словари этой разновидности нацелены на воссоздание образной модели мира отдельного автора или фрагмента такой модели. В статье приводятся примеры монографических словарей поэтики, построенных на материале произведений поэтов и прозаиков разного времени, характеризуются принципы их составления, разбираются образцы словарных статей. Также уделяется внимание толковым словарям языка писателей, фиксирующим семантические преобразования слова с помощью помет соответствующего содержания.
СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ПОЭТИЧЕСКОМ МАКРОКОНТЕКСТЕ И ИХ ОТРАЖЕНИЕ В АВТОРСКОМ СЛОВАРЕ
Authors:   Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет, Тарасова И.А.
Published: May 2023

В статье представлен опыт фиксации индивидуально-авторских значений в «Словаре ключевых слов поэзии Георгия Иванова». Два типа контекстного окружения ключевой лексемы различаются нами по функциональному параметру: микроконтекст реализует «ближайшее» значение слова, макроконтекст — его поэтический смысл. Под семантическими преобразованиями в поэтическом макрокон-текте понимается, прежде всего, процесс образования индивидуально-авторской символики. Механизм символообразования запускается повтором устойчивых ассоциаций, связанных с одним из ключевых образов поэтического мира, и их закреплением в семантической структуре имени художественного концепта. Ориентация на концепт заставляет искать способы отражения в авторском словаре не только системы значений, но и авторских смыслов ключевых лексем — номинаторов концепта, а значит — задаваться вопросом о текстовой функции языковой единицы, следить не только за синтагматическими, но и за парадигматическими преобразованиями художественной семантики. Автор статьи полагает, что при всем многообразии авторских ассоциаций, основные пучки смысловых приращений конечны, и они могут быть зафиксированы в лексикографической форме. В число словарных помет включена тезаурусная функция «символ», употребляемая как в отношении традиционных (роза, черный), так и в отношении индивидуально-авторских символов (звезда, закат). Воссозданию структуры макроконтекста служат отсылочные толкования, тезаурусные функции синтагматического и парадигматического типов. В статье показано, что по мере возникновения неузуальных символических ассоциаций возрастает роль макроконтекста в процессе их обнаружения и экспликации.
СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ КАК МЕХАНИЗМ ПОЭТИЧЕСКОЙ НЕОЛОГИИ (на материале т. IX «Словаря языка русской поэзии ХХ века»)
Authors:   Институт русского языка им. В. В. Виноградова РАН, Кулева А.С.
Published: May 2023

«Словарь языка русской поэзии ХХ века» представляет поэтический язык Серебряного века на материале стихотворных текстов десяти поэтов (Анненский, Ахматова, Блок, Есенин, Кузмин, Мандельштам, Маяковский, Пастернак, Хлебников, Цветаева). Особого внимания заслуживают словарные статьи, описывающие индивидуально-авторскую лексику. В статье рассматриваются лексемы, которые читатель может воспринимать как неологизмы, хотя они оказываются устаревшими или областными единицами, а также пограничные случаи — лексемы, которые обнаруживаются в языке, но в поэтическом тексте употребляются в новом значении. Таким образом, механизмом поэтического словотворчества становятся семантические преобразования. Проследить функционирование таких единиц на более широком материале позволяет обращение к НКРЯ.
Konfigurasi Ruang Permukiman Pulau Lakkang Berbasis Mitigasi Bencana
Authors: Syarif Edward
Published: May 2023

Kampung Lakkang terletak di pesisir Sungai Tallo, Kota Makassar dan dikelilingi perairan. Meskipun dikelilingi perairan, namun Kampung Lakkang belum pernah mengalami bencana banjir, air bah maupun tsunami. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa budaya bermukim masyarakat Lakkang telah mempengaruhi konfigurasi ruang permukimannya sehingga dapat beradaptasi dengan bencana alam. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh konfigurasi ruang permukiman tepi air Lakkang terhadap mitigasi bencana. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis spacesyntax dan didukung oleh konsep mitigasi bencana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cara bermukim masyarakat Lakkang berkembang dari bermukim alami ke bermukim kolektif. Bermukim kolektif membentuk konfigurasi ruang yang lebih terintegrasi dari ruang yang dibentuk oleh bermukim alami. Budaya bermukim masyarakat Lakkang telah membentuk konfigurasi ruang terbuka dan membentuk ruang-ruang terintegrasi sehingga sesuai dengan konsep mitigasi bencana. Makalah ini dapat menjadi konsep pengembangan permukiman tepian air tanggap bencana berdasarkan kearifan lokal.
The “Africa Rising”: An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Per-Capita Growth
Authors: Scalamonti Francesco
Published: May 2023

In developing economies, the race toward inclusive development has prompted researchers to reconsider the drivers of growth in view of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research note has the purpose to explore the determinants of African growth after analysing reference literature to select the explanatory variables.

This paper attempts to identify the robust drivers of growth of 54 African countries over the period 2010-2019, where the data source is more complete. As a data source, the main international organisations (UN, WB, IMF) have been considered.

We employ a system dynamic panel estimator (GMM-sys) without and with added exogenous regressors for a robustness check. As far as we know, we have not found any studies analysing the determinants of growth in a panel of 54 African countries and/or using GMM estimators with data referring to the last decade. We have used the real per-capita GDP as a dependent variable.

Our findings indicate that, in addition to initial conditions of the per-capita GDP, different macroeconomic factors such as fixed investments, inflation, openness, productivity, unemployment, received remittance, external debt, and terms-of-trade such as imports and exports from or to HDCs, and imports from LMDCs in Southern-Asia are robustly correlated with African growth. We conclude that institutional and business environments are particularly important in explaining African growth.
Unpacking Snowflake: How a Data Cloud Company is Ruling the Roost
Authors: Romana Nola Yolanda , Santoso Adhi Setyo
Published: May 2023

This work presents a comprehensive overview of Snowflake, a leading data cloud company, by examining its business model, pricing strategy, competitive landscape, and growth opportunities and challenges. Key strategies that can contribute to Snowflake's success are emphasized, including differentiation, security measures, diversification of infrastructure providers, and staying ahead of emerging technologies. Additionally, the importance of exploring new pricing models, expanding into new markets, and developing a user-friendly data marketplace is discussed. The concept of Strategic Business Continuity Management is introduced as a framework for evaluating and enhancing Snowflake's business model resilience against contingencies. This analysis aims to provide insights into Snowflake's position in the data cloud market and recommend future growth opportunities to ensure its continued success.