bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of tax morale in Spain and Turkey: an empirical analysis
Authors: Bilgin Cevat
Published: September 2018

Tax morale is defined as the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes, and is closely related to tax compliance. Determinants of tax morale need to be investigated for a more comprehensive understanding of tax compliance. In this paper, determinants of tax morale in Turkey and Spain are analysed on the basis of World Values Survey data. Firstly, descriptive statistics of the variables used in the models are provided. Since tax morale is an ordered categorical dependent variable, ordered probit models are estimated separately for Turkey and Spain to derive the relations between tax morale and relevant variables. Marginal effects are computed since the coefficients of the models cannot be interpreted because of the nonlinearity of the estimated models. The marginal effects related to the top level of tax morale category are presented. The independent variables are combined by demographic factors, employment categories, economic status of the respondents and social capital variables. The findings from the estimated model suggest that social capital variables and some of the demographic factors have important effects on tax morale in Turkey. Confidence variables have positive effects; if taxpayers feel confidence in political entities they are willing to pay taxes. Religion and national pride affect tax morale positively. On the other hand, the results are different for Spain; social capital variables do not have effects on tax morale. Specifically, confidence variables are found to be statistically insignificant. Age, education level and the income level have significant effects on tax morale in Spain.
Vertical externalities with lump-sum taxes: how much difference does unemployment make?
Authors: Martinez-Lopez Diego , Sjongren Tomas
Published: September 2018

This paper analyses how the existence of unemployment affects the conventional approach to vertical externalities. We discuss the optimality rule for the provision of public inputs both in a unitary and in a federal state. Our findings indicate that decentralising spending responsability on public inputs in the presence of unemployment allows output to be closer to the first best level. Moreover, we describe the inability of the federal government, behaving as a Stackelberg leader, to replicate the unitary outcome, unless there are new policy instruments at government's disposal.
Editorial statement: Lessons from Goodhart’s law for the management of the journal
Authors: Varela Diego , Benedetto Giacomo , Sanchez-Santos Jose Manuel
Published: September 2018

In this editorial statement we summarise some of the discussions we have had in the last months regarding the risks associated with the use of indicators for the measurement of research outputs, and how these risks should affect the management of the European Journal of Government and Economics. In particular, we focus on the consequences of the so-called Goodhart’s law, which states that when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure. We also explain the latest developments in the journal in the light of our previous editorial statements, and present our strategy for the upcoming years.
Inhibited privatization: a hurdle race over vested interests
Authors: Senderski Marcin
Published: September 2018

This paper recognizes vested interests as one of the primary premises that reduce the effectiveness of privatization policy, stall its momentum and produce structural problems in the long-run. Both exogenous and endogenous drawbacks are cited, but the main focus is put on the dynamism of vested interests’ character, interconnectedness and evolution. Policy makers have been long aware of the existence of activities rooted in vested interests including empire building behaviors, creation of sinecures or extravagant management style. Hence, the fundamental effort here is put on the identification of emerging vested interests that were typically not considered by scholars. The channels through which conventional vested interests have snowballed over time are emphasized. This includes casting a closer glance at family employment, as well as at sports sponsorship arrangements, which emerge as the favorite domain of marketing activity for Polish state-owned enterprises. The research of available literature is performed, along with its application to the Polish case, and insightful observations concerning the anatomy of privatization-related reluctance. Rough policy recommendations conclude the paper.
A quick indicator of effectiveness of “capacity building” initiatives of NGOs and international organizations
Authors: Lempert David
Published: September 2018

The article offers an easy-to-use indicator for scholars and practitioners to measure whether NGOs, international organizations, and government policies and projects meet the criteria for design and implementation of “capacity building” projects that have been established by various international organizations and that are recognized by experts in the field. The indicator can be used directly to address failures that are routinely reported in this key and growing development intervention. Use of this indicator on more than a dozen standard interventions funded today by international development banks, UN organizations, country donors, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) reveals that while many smaller organizations are working to change institutions and society in ways that effectively build long-term capacity, most of the major actors in the field of development have failed to follow their own guidelines. Many appear to be using “capacity building” as a cover for lobbying foreign governments to promote international agendas (“purchasing foreign officials”) and/or to increase the power of particular officials at the expense of democracy, with the public lacking simple accountability tools. The indicator points to specific areas for holding development actors accountable in order to promote development goals of sustainability and good governance. The breadth of the field of “capacity building” also allows this indicator to be used, with some modifications, for a large variety of development interventions. This article also offers several examples of where current capacity building projects fail, along with a sample test of the indicator using UNCDF as a case study.
The role of market power in economic growth: an analysis of the differences between EU and US competition policy theory, practice and outcomes
Authors: Ciriani Stephane , Lebourges Marc
Published: September 2018

The European Union has experienced weak economic performance over the past 15 years, compared to the United States. In order to restore investment, innovation, and therefore growth, the European Commission seeks to raise the level of static competition in all markets. The Commission’s economic policy is largely determined by its competition policy. This policy is derived from its doctrine on competition law, which regards the exercise of market power as a source of inefficiency and advocates that its effects should be banned. By contrast, the United States competition authorities, under the influence of the Chicago School, consider that market power is a necessary incentive to invest and a fair return on investment. Recent findings in economic growth theory, which state that increased competition intensity may harm endogenous innovation, provide a theoretical basis to support the United States approach and call for a review of European doctrine.
The perspectives of family policy in Russia amid increasing cohabitation
Authors: Mitrofanova Ekaterina , Artamonova Alyona
Published: September 2018

Russia has long been characterized by early and universal marriage. After the Soviet Union collapse, the average age of marriage has been rising, and cohabitations have become common. Many scholars explain the causes of this trend through the perspective of the Second Demographic Transition. The aim of this research was to define the nature of cohabitations in Russia, reveal the factors of entrance to non-marital unions in order to discuss how and why non-marital union is implicated in recent dialogues about family policy. In order to achieve the aim, such methods as Event History Analysis and Sequence Analysis were used.
Switching costs in the European postal service. Are there any solutions?
Authors: Pateiro-Rodriguez Carlos , Prado-Domínguez Javier , García-Iglesias Jesús Manuel , Barreiro-Viñán José Manuel
Published: September 2018

This article examines the costs of switching that may exist in the European postal sector, where it is carried out an ambitious process of opening to competition since 1997. Inadequate regulation of the access to some elements of postal infrastructure or services within the scope of the universal postal service exists. This article proposes adaptations to ensure transparent and non-discriminatory access conditions to elements of postal infrastructure in line with the sectorial directives aimed at strengthening competition in the long term in the postal market. The proposed adaptations focus on services such as postcode systems, address databases, post office boxes, delivery boxes, re-direction and return to sender services. All of them can help reduce the switching cost and thus strengthen competition.
Hidden costs of cuts: Austerity, civil service management and the motivation of public officials in Central and Eastern Europe after the crisis
Authors: Meyer-Sahling Jan-Hinrik , Janta Barbara , Reinholde Iveta , Van Stolk Christian
Published: September 2018

The implementation of austerity measures presents a dilemma for governments. While austerity measures such as cutbacks aim to reduce costs and enhance public sector efficiency, the same measures might undermine the motivation of employees and, consequently, the prospects of effectively implementing austerity programmes. Based on a survey of ministerial officials in Poland and Latvia, this article finds that the scale of cutbacks explains a larger decline of staff motivation in Latvia than in Poland. The article further shows that motivation was more likely to decrease after the crisis if austerity measures involved cutbacks such as staff reductions, recruitment freezes, and a reduction of training opportunities.
An inclusive taxonomy of behavioral biases
Authors: Peón David , Antelo Manel , Calvo-Silvosa Anxo
Published: September 2018

This paper overviews the theoretical and empirical research on behavioral biases and their influence in the literature. To provide a systematic exposition, we present a unified framework that takes the reader through an original taxonomy, based on the reviews of relevant authors in the field. In particular, we establish three broad categories that may be distinguished: heuristics and biases; choices, values and frames; and social factors. We then describe the main biases within each category, and revise the main theoretical and empirical developments, linking each bias with other biases and anomalies that are related to them, according to the literature.
Clarifying the concept of social capital through its three perspectives: individualistic, communitarian and macrosocial
Authors: Membiela-Pollán Matías , Pena-López José Atilano
Published: September 2018

The concept of social capital has received increasing attention in recent years. The complexity and multidimensionality that accompany the variable of social capital have caused confusion and ambiguity. This article presents a synthesis of social capital in three perspectives. From the individualistic or micro-social perspective, social capital is an "individual resource" that consists of the networks of relations of the focal subject that bring it a set of instrumental and expressive resources. For the communitarian or meso-social perspective, social capital is a "community resource" or set of attributes and properties present in the social structure (shared norms and values, private trust, closure ...) that facilitate its functioning and collective action. Finally, for the macrosocial perspective, social capital is a "macrosocial and macroinstitutional resource" resting on aspects such as civic-mindedness, general trust and social cohesion, which favors the functioning of the economy and society in general.
The challenge of measuring poverty and inequality: a comparative analysis of the main indicators
Authors: Martín-Legendre Juan Ignacio
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a review of the main available indicators to measure poverty and income inequality, examining their properties and suitability for different types of economic analyses, and providing real-world data to illustrate how they work. Although some of these metrics –such as the Gini coefficient– are most frequently used for this purpose, it is crucially important for researchers and policy-makers to take into account alternative methods that can offer complementary information in order to better understand these issues at all levels.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Gentamicin, Penicillin, Methicillin, Vancomycin, Linezolid and Tetracycline Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: ORHAN Zerife , KAYIŞ Arzu , KAYA Esra , ARAL Murat
Published: September 2018

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the resistance rates of gentamicin, penicillin, methicillin, vancomycin, linezolid and tetracycline by phenotypic and genotypic methods in Staphylococcus aureus isolates and to determine plasmid content. Between the months of January and September in 2015, 100 clinical isolates of S. aureus were obtained from different samples such as wound, blood, urine. The automated bacteria identification and antibiotic susceptibility system (BD PhoenixTM, Sparks, MD, USA) was used to determine of antibiotic sensitivities. The resistance to methicillin was also investigated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using a 30 μg cefoxitin disc. The presence of aac(6’)/aph(2’’), blaZ, mecA, femA, vanA, vanB, cfr, tetK and tetM genes related to antibiotic resistance was investigated by PCR amplification in all isolates. Plasmid DNAs were isolated by using a Thermo Scientific GeneJET Plasmid Miniprep Kit. The cefoxitin resistance of S.aureus isolates, identified according to the results of disk diffusion and automated system, was calculated as 19%. Vancomycin and linezolid resistance were not observed in isolates while gentamicin 2%, penicillin 100%, methicillin 19%, tetracycline 18% resistance were identified using the automated system. According to the results of molecular analysis aac(6’)/aph(2’’), blaZ, mecA, femA, tetK and tetM genes frequencies were determined as 2%, 100%, 19%, 100%, 17% and 3% respectively, but vanA, vanB and  cfr genes were not amplified by PCR. In order to determine the relationship between antibiotic resistance and plasmid presence, plasmids were isolated from identified bacterial isolates. It is found that most of bacterial isolates (79%) contain different numbers plasmids. Rapid and reliable method for antibiotic susceptibility is important to determine the appropriate therapy decision. PCR can be used for confirmation of the results obtained by automated system or could be used as an alternative diagnostic method in the routine diagnosis for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of MRSA associated antibiotic resistance genes.
Estimation of Nitrogen Levels By Remote Sensing Method in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: ÖZYİĞİT Yaşar , BİLGEN Mehmet
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to obtain spectral reflectance values by using

remote sensing method in alfalfa plant and to estimate nitrogen levels by using

these values. The treatments were carried out in both field and greenhouse

conditions. Different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

doses were applied to plots in the field and pots in greenhouse. Spectral

reflectance measurements were made at both the canopy (general) level and the

single leaf level when the plants were in pre-flowering stage. Reflectance measurements were undertaken using a portable

spectroradiometer measuring the wavelength range of 325-1075 nm of the

electromagnetic spectrum. Plant probe with artificial light source and leaf

clip were used for leaf measurements. Statistical analyses were conducted using

stepwise regression analysis

implemented in MINITAB-13 statistical program. As a result of the study,

significant relationships (Field-canopy: 0.94, Field-leaf: 0.23,

Greenhouse-canopy: 0.55, Greenhouse-leaf: 0.92) were determined between

the nitrogen levels in the plant and the reflectance values. Also results showed that

changes in nitrogen levels affect reflectance in the visible region (400-700

nm) of the spectrum. When the wavelengths were evaluated separately, it was observed

that the wavelengths of the blue, red and near infrared regions, which are

important for photosynthesis, can be used to estimate the nitrogen levels.
ФОРМА СВОЙСТВО ПРОСТРАНСТВА ВЕРОЯТНОСТНЫХ МЕР И ЕГО ПОДПРОСТРАНСТВ
Authors: Жураев Т. Ф. , Жувонов К. Р. , Рузиев Ж. Х.
Published: September 2018

В этой заметке мы рассмотрим ковариантные функторы, действующие в категории компактов,сохраняющие формы бесконечных компактов, ANR -систем, движущиеся компакты, эквивалентностьформы, гомотопическую эквивалентность и A(N)SR свойства компактов. Рассмотрены свойства формы компактного пространства X, состоящего из компонент связности 0 этого компактного X поддействием ковариантных функторов. И мы изучаем равенство форм ShX = ShY бесконечных компактов для пространства вероятностных мер P(X) и его подпространств.
RESOCIALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF NORMATIVE REGULATION MEASURES OF A CRIMINAL-LEGAL NATURE
Authors: Pudovochkin Yu. E.
Published: September 2018

The crisis of criminal punishment, for which experts have been monitoring for about half a century, has actualized the search for a new model of a criminal-legal response to a crime. In the domestic law-making and law-enforcement practice, the answer to this urgent challenge is associated with the development, along with criminal punishment, of a parallel system of criminal law measures. Meanwhile, the theory in this part is still lagging behind the practical needs of crime prevention. One of the directions of its long-term development may be the idea of isolating in the series of criminal-legal measures of specific preventive measures that, while not being punished and retribution for fault, are aimed at meeting the specific needs of the person who committed the crime, the victim and society. Among such measures, measures of resocialization of convicts that can be applied, regardless of the age of the perpetrator, the gravity of the crime committed, along with and instead of punishment, can find a worthy place.
ON COUNTERACTING RECIDIVISM (BASED ON THE PRACTICE OF THE INVESTIGATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
Authors: Idrisov N. T.
Published: September 2018

This article discusses the structure and dynamics of recidivism in the Russian Federation, its regional features. The role of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation in countering this social phenomenon is determined. The author conducted a survey of investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, studied the materials of criminal cases. On the basis of the analysis of law enforcement practice, with scientific justification the main directions of counteraction of recurrent crime are defined. It is concluded that the recurrence of crimes does not always indicate an increase in the public danger of the offender, and the principle of economy of repression should be implemented in respect of persons who have committed crimes of small and medium gravity of an economic nature. At the same time, it is necessary to exclude the negative impact of professional dangerous and especially dangerous recidivists on the normal development of society and the state, to prevent the weakening of criminal repression against this category of persons.
CORRECTIONAL DOCTRINE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STATUS OF AN INDUVIDUAL EXONERATED FROM SERVING THEIR SENTENCES
Authors: Seliverstov V. I.
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to the problems of execution of criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment. The article analyzes the correctional doctrine of the Russian state, manifested in the formulation and implementation of the purpose of convicts reformation, and its impact on the status of an induvidual exonerated from serving their sentences. On the basis of international standards and national legislation, priority is given to this purpose over other purposes of punishment and penal enforcement legislation. Some elements of the mechanism for achieving the purpose of correction of convicts are considered, as well as various options for recording repetition of crime after serving imprisonment are considered too. A proposal to reconstruct the existing system of statistical accounting of post-penitential repetition of crime in the USSR is made here, its main stages also are named. The conclusion is made about the preservation of socio-political importance of the purpose of correction of convicts at the present stage of development of state and the preservation of its legislative consolidation in the criminal and penal law of Russia.
PARTICIPATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN THE PROCESS OF SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF PERSONS RELEASED FROM PRISON (MODEL OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN)
Authors: Khalilov R. N.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the study is to analyze the activities undertaken by non-government organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan in dealing with the re-socialization of persons released from prisons. The article summarizes outcomes of studies and the monitoring of the penal system along with the processes surrounding its practice. The analysis of re-socialization activities, carried out by non-governmental, as well as religious organizations, was performed based on particular sociological methods, such as: observation, interviews, surveys, as well as social simulation approach. Criminal and legal incentive measures to convicts to deprivation of liberty in the context of social rehabilitation scheme were investigated. The most common measure is the conditional early release, nevertheless, as practice shows, the institution of conditional early release has weakened its educational and incentive effect on persons sentenced to the deprivation of liberty. The conclusion reveals the level of effectiveness of the current model of participation of civil society institutes in the implementation of the penal policys focal points of action.
The Role of System connective tissue dysplasia in the Formation of hernia Inguinal Area
Authors: Railianu Radu Ivanovic , Botezatu Alexander Antonovich , Podoliniy Garik Ivanovic , Paskalov Yury Stepanovich
Published: September 2018

Relevance. Despite advances in the treatment of inguinal hernias are still being discussed, the issues of post-operative wound complications and disease recurrence. The inclusion in the list of risk factors for complicated postoperative course of systemic connective tissue dysplasia will allow a new look at the mechanisms of herniation in the groin area and develop morphologically adapted methods of surgical treatment.
Objective. Study the characteristics of connective tissue dysmorphogenesis at hernia protrusions in the inguinal region.
Results. In the main group absolutely reliable connection with all possible variants of hernia disease in the inguinal region possessed 6 (12 %) the morphological predictors, namely: dystonia dysfunction, curvature of the spine, hallus valgus, hypermobility joints, varicose disease of the lower limb and hemorrhoids. The curvature of a backbone and hyper mobility of joints occurred among manifestations of a dismorfizm at patients of control group.
The area of electromyograms at reduction of muscles forming the torn down hernia the inguinal interval, on 20 % inferior area electromyograms reduction of similar muscles on contralateral from inguinal hernia to the side and on 61,4 % of area electromyograms contraction of the groin muscles of the control group patients. In a smaller proportion, but with similar characteristics reduced groups of lateral muscles, which is considered by us as local functional predictors of the implementation of systemic connective dysplasia in the hernia disease of the inguinal region.
The density of the collagen fibers in the dermis of patients with inguinal hernias was 75.6 + 1.9%, which is 12,3 % lower than the result of such collagen metrics index of patients of the control group. Intensity of coloring of micropreparations of dermis of patients of control group was at the level of 36,33 + 2,1, that on 1,8 times less than this index in patients of the basic group.
Conclusions. Thus, results of histology confirm reliability of the revealed morphological and local functional prerequisites of formation of inguinal hernias at connective dysplasia.
Kinetics of wound process with various methods of stimulation of regeneration in wounds
Authors: Aralova Mariya V , Glukhov Aleksandr Anatolievich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: September 2018

Urgency. Objective indicators of the dynamics of the wound process are planimetric methods, including the determination of the area of ulcerative defects and the rate of their epithelialization.
The aim of the work is to assess the kinetics of the wound process in venous, ischemic and neurotrophic ulcers of the lower extremities using various methods of stimulating regeneration in wounds.
Materials and methods. 4 blocks of studies were carried out: in the first block, the healing of venous trophic ulcers up to 20 cm2 was evaluated; in the second - more than 20 cm2; in the third block, the course of the wound process was studied in patients with ischemic trophic ulcers of the lower extremities on; in the fourth - with neurotrophic ulcers of the lower extremities. In each block, patients were divided into 4 groups according to the methods of stimulation of regeneration: combination of platelet-rich donor plasma and collagen preparations was used; interactive bandages; collagen preparations; platelet-rich donor plasma. To assess changes in the area of wounds in time used the exponential function and the parameter τ (the characteristic time of wound healing), allowing a single number to characterize the kinetics of healing and to measure the period of wound healing.
Results and their discussion. For venous trophic ulcers up to 20 cm2 complex use of collagen preparations and platelet-rich donor plasma provides the shortest reduction of the wound area in comparison with other considered methods.
For venous trophic ulcers of large and giant size (more than 20 cm2), stimulation of regeneration before autodermoplasty with a split skin flap only using collagen-containing preparations (14.4 days) or platelet-rich donor plasma (11.6 days) provided a greater percentage of survival of the autodermograft.
The complex use of collagen preparations and platelet-rich donor plasma is most effective among other methods in reducing the area of neurotrophic ulcers, the characteristic time of reducing the wound area is 48.9 days, which is faster than other methods by 1.25 - 2, 93 times.
The healing process of ischemic trophic ulcers is more difficult to Express by mathematical formulas. However, among the compared methods, the use of the complex of drugs leads to a statistically faster decrease in the area of wounds - 24.3 days against 31.6, 29.3 and 88 days.
Summary. The complex of preparations provides in General the best kinetics of healing of venous, ischemic and neurotrophic ulcers in comparison with the use of modern dressings and separate use of collagen-containing preparations and platelet-rich donor plasma.
Microbiological diagnostic criteria of infectious inflammatory complications after total knee replacement in the aspect of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) pathogenesis
Authors: Babushkina Irina Vladimirovna , Bondarenko Aleksandr Sergeevich , Shpinyak Sergey Petrovich , Mamonova Irina Aleksandrovna , Kuzmin Ervin Serveevich
Published: September 2018

Background. The system of accurate microbiological diagnostics of PJI for timely identification of infectious inflammatory complications after total joint replacement and distinguishing between PJI and aseptic infection has not been yet defined which is associated with the pathogenesis of PJI.
The Aim of the study is to define valuable microbiological diagnostic criteria for PJI and estimate diagnostic value of various clinical specimens with the account to pathogenetic features of infectious complications after primary total knee replacement.
Material and Methods. We analyzed 412 specimens of various clinical origin obtained from 182 patients with deep PJI after primary total knee replacement treated at the Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery of Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University in 2014-2018, both retro- and prospectively.
Results and Discussion. Fistula, aspirate and superficial wound specimens taken from the joint cavity have not been proven to have any diagnostic value for PJI. Optimized microbiological algorithm included prolonged culture time, the complex of 3-5 tissue bioptate cultures and implant sonication which allowed obtaining more valuable results for PJI diagnostics. Tissue bioptates and lavage fluid specimens tests were the most sensitive methods for PJI diagnostics with sensitivity of 81% and 95% and specificity of 96% and 97% respectively, especially in case of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Gram-negative bacteria frequently appearing in the biofilm form at PJI.
Conclusions. Complex assessment of obtained results and optimization of microbiological methods allow obtaining sufficient diagnostic accuracy of PJI.
Circulatory Condition in Kidney Patients with Pururlent Pyelonephritis
Authors: Ananev Vladimir Alexandrovich , Lubyansky Vladimir Grigorievich
Published: September 2018

The article provides up-to-date statistics on the prevalence of purulent pyelonephritis in Russia, shows the pathogenesis of purulent pyelonephritis in terms of circulatory disorders in the kidney for example 23 patients operated personally by the author in Urology conditions of the Altai Krai hospital on his own technique in the period 2016 by 2017. Morphological studies were carried out in the Department of pathologic Anatomy. Assess the morphological distortion in the kidney with significant changes in the mikrocirkuljatornom vein during the operation of the apostem zone, perifokalnogo zone of inflammation around 1 cm from the pockets of destruction and of apparently healthy sections of kidney the same kidney parenchyma jelektronnomikroskopicheskim method. Additionally investigated plots tissues of the kidneys removed due to have resulted them irreversible destructive changes.

Irreversible development of acute purulent pyelonephritis associated with renal tissue ischemia and to achieve good results in the treatment of patients, appropriate action must be taken to restore the lost blood flow.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE SOBRE O ESTILO DE VIDA
Authors: Dutra Sandra , Freitas Thaís , Porto Elias
Published: September 2018

A transição do perfil nutricional ocorrida nos últimos 30 anos trouxe consigo sérios problemas de saúde, dentre eles o sobrepeso, a obesidade e suas comorbidades. O estilo de vida da população está intimamente ligado a essa realidade, com isso o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o estilo de vida de indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade usuários de uma Policlínica Universitária. Para isso os participantes do estudo foram pesados e mensurado a estatura, para o cálculo do Índice Massa Corporal (IMC), aqueles apresentaram IMC entre 25-29,9 kg/m² indicando sobrepeso, e IMC ≥30 Kg/m² indicando obesidade responderam ao Questionário Escala do Perfil de Estilo de Vida Individual. 64,4% da população apresentou obesidade. Os indivíduos com IMC normal tem melhor estilo de vida do que indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade. Segundo, dentre os componentes do estilo de vida os aspectos nutricionais, atividade física e controle do estresse foram melhores entre os indivíduos com IMC normal em relação aos indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade. Vale ressaltar a importância da prática de exercícios físicos regulares, e do consumo adequado de frutas, verduras e legumes para prevenir as comorbidades que a obesidade traz consigo.
A INSERÇÃO DO RESIDENTE FISIOTERAPEUTA EM UMA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL: EXPERIÊNCIAS E APRENDIZADOS PRÁTICOS PARA FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Castro Antônio Adolfo Mattos de
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: Descrever a inserção do fisioterapeuta residente em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, abordando as experiências vividas e a ampliação do conhecimento na área. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de ensino-aprendizagem, desenvolvido no período de junho à agosto de 2016, usando como ferramenta principal um questionário de auto-avaliação contendo 10 questões pré e pós o período de vivência na unidade. Para fins de aprendizagem e aprimoramento profissional a residente acompanhou os atendimentos fisioterapêuticos e observou dados importantes como: diagnóstico da internação, uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva e/ou não invasiva, oxigenoterapia, técnicas fisioterapêuticas mais utilizadas e o desfecho do paciente. Resultados: Os resultados demonstram principalmente a proporção do conhecimento adquirido baseado na mudança das respostas do questionário de auto-avaliação no que se refere ao nível de conhecimento prévio e adquirido. Além disso, os resultados também mostram a visão e o entendimento do fisioterapeuta residente frente aos dados observados durante o acompanhamento dos atendimentos e as dificuldades na inserção do profissional que não apresenta o conhecimento prévio sobre a área. Conclusão: Baseado no período de observação da unidade, na ficha de auto-avaliação e nos estudos realizados durante este tempo, houve melhora do processo de aprendizagem, embora este deva ser contínuo.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE A DEPENDÊNCIA DE NICOTINA E A PERCEPÇÃO DA FUNÇÃO FÍSICA EM INDIVÍDUOS ADULTOS FUMANTES E NÃO FUMANTES: UM ESTUDO CONTROLADO.
Authors: Castro Antônio Adolfo Mattos de
Published: September 2018

Introdução: O Tabagismo está entre os mais graves problemas de saúde pública enfrentados pela sociedade moderna. Sabe-se que diversos fatores relacionados ao tabagismo influenciam para a diminuição do bem estar desses indivíduos. Esses fatores têm influência na capacidade de realização de atividades do dia-a-dia. Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre a dependência de nicotina e a percepção da função física em indivíduos adultos fumantes e não fumantes. Metodologia: Estudo transversal e controlado com uma população de idade entre18 a60 anos. Cinquenta indivíduos não-tabagistas e 50 tabagistas foram analisados por meio de três questionários: o da Dificuldade Percebida, Satisfação e Importância com a função física e o teste de Fagerström para dependência de nicotina. Resultados: O grupo tabagista apresentou maior dificuldade em realizar as atividades (p=0,0001) do que o grupo não tabagista. Os valores individuais para cada atividade na qual houve pior dificuldade de realização do grupo tabagista foram: subir e descer escadas (p=0,0001), caminhada de longo percurso (p=0,01), realizar e carregar compras (p=0,01), participar de eventos demorados (p=0,0009). O grupo tabagista também apresentou menor satisfação com a função física (p=0,0007) para as mesmas atividades realizadas. O grupo tabagista demonstrou dar menor importância na realização das atividades do que o grupo não tabagista (p=0.002). Indivíduos dependentes de nicotina apresentaram uma maior chance de perceber sua dificuldade em relação a sua função física com 3.8 (p=0,04), assim como tabagistas com idade maior que 34 anos com 4.4 (p=0,02) e com história tabagística superior há 13 anos/maço com 6.7 (p=0,004). Conclusão: Indivíduos tabagistas que apresentam dependência nicotínica elevada possuem maior dificuldade percebida e menor satisfação com a função física do que indivíduos não fumantes.
Efeito dos tratamentos de hidroterapia, cinesioterapia e hidrocinesioterapia sobre qualidade do sono, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida em pacientes fibromiálgicos
Authors: Sousa Bárbara Samille Moreira , Oliveira Karolayny Vidal , Sampaio Walber Tenório , Souza Andreza Silva , Da Silva Adriana Oliveira , Gunza Lídia Elizbete , Brandão Ana Denise , Kümpel Claudia
Published: September 2018

Introdução: A síndrome da fibromialgia (SFM) é considerada uma doença reumatológica caracterizada por dor musculoesquelética difusa e crônica. Assim, o exercício físico é um fator importante na melhora da qualidade de vida (QV) desses pacientes. Objetivo: Analisar a capacidade funcional, melhora do sono e da QV, em pacientes portadores de SFM que foram submetidos a tratamentos como hidroterapia convencional, cinesioterapia motora em solo e hidrocinesioterapia. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 20 pacientes do sexo feminino com diagnostico SFM, faixa etária entre 18 a 75 anos. Para a seleção desses pacientes, foi realizado por uma avaliação pré e pós reabilitação seguida de 3 questionários: Questionário sobre Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Índice da Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP) e Fibromyagia Impact Questionaire (FIQ), que avalia QV. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em três grupos. O Grupo I formado por 8 pacientes, que realizaram tratamento na hidroterapia convencional; O Grupo II foi formado por 6 pacientes, que realizaram tratamento de cinesioterapia motora em solo; O Grupo III formado por 6 pacientes e realizaram tratamento por meio da hidrocinesioterapia. Cada grupo realizou 10 seções de cada tratamento. Resultados: Observou-se nesse estudo que após a intervenção, houve melhora no grupo I (p>0,05), (p>0,001) avaliado pelo QIF, grupo II observou melhora (p>0,05), (p>0,001) como a capacidade funcional, bem estar, cansaço matinal, rigidez, ansiedade e depressão; Grupo III foi observado melhora significativa no IQSP (p>0,05), (p>0,001). Por outro lado, o grupo II apresentou melhora (p>0,05), no distúrbio do sono. Os resultados obtidos do HAQ do grupo I não foi observado significantes; Já o grupo II apresentou melhora (p>0,001) Conclusão: Os efeitos de ambos tratamentos são eficazes, no entanto o grupo de Cinesioterapia motora em solo se destacou na melhora do sono, já a hidrocinesioterapia apresentou melhora estatisticamente significante maior quando comparado aos outros dois grupos para melhora da qualidade de vida. Entretanto ambos tiveram melhora da capacidade funcional.
Prevalência de desvio de septo nasal em crianças e adolescentes de um hospital terciário
Authors: Lopes Willian Silva , Moreira Camila Alencar , Silva Viviane Carvalho da , Freitas Marcos Rabelo de
Published: September 2018

Introdução: Os desvios de septo nasal (DSN) podem ser assintomáticos ou apresentar obstrução nasal que interfere na qualidade de vida e no crescimento facial. Tem etiologia multifatorial. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência total e de determinados tipos de DSN em crianças e adolescentes, relacionando-os a sexo e idade. Método: pacientes de ambulatório de Otorrinopediatria de um hospital terciário, com idade até 16 anos completos, avaliadas através de anamnese em questionário padrão e exame físico, para classificação de DSN segundo Mladina. Identificado a presença ou não de deformidade, relacionando-a a sexo, faixa etária e tipo de desvio. Resultados: 497 crianças avaliadas, nas quais 36,8% havia DSN, sendo 37,8% no sexo masculino e 35,6% no sexo feminino. Identificou-se prevalência de 24,3% em menores de 6 anos de idade, 41,5% em crianças entre 6-11 anos e 59,6% em maiores de 11 anos. A prevalência por tipo foi de 36,5% no tipo 1, 13,1% no tipo 2, 12,5% no tipo 3, 4,9% no tipo 4, 14,7% no tipo 5, 13,1% no tipo 6 e 4,9% no tipo 7. Conclusão: A prevalência de DSN em crianças e adolescentes até 16 anos foi de 36,8%, aumentando com a idade. Não houve diferença quanto ao sexo. Os mais prevalentes foram os tipos 1 e 5.
Complicações clínicas e obstétricas em pacientes com eclampsia com e sem recorrência de convulsões após tratamento com sulfato de magnésio
Authors: Silva Fernanda De Macêdo , Carvalho Neto Raimundo Homero de , Feitosa Francisco Edson de Lucena
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de complicações clínicas e obstétricas em pacientes eclâmpticas com e sem recorrência de crises convulsivas após administração do sulfato de magnésio. Metodologia: através de um coorte retrospectivo, foram avaliados 69 casos de eclampsia atendidos na Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand entre julho/2013 e julho/2016. Os testes x2 de associação e exato de Fisher foram utilizados para a comparação de variáveis. Resultados: seis pacientes apresentaram recorrência da eclampsia após sulfato de magnésio na admissão (8,7%), sendo administrado diazepam em uma, fenitoína em quatro e metade da dose de ataque do sulfato na última. Não houve diferença significativa, entre os grupos com ou sem a presença de recorrência, na idade (p 0,655), paridade (p 0,07) e hipertensão crônica associada (p 0,758). Também não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos em relação à síndrome HELLP (hemólise, elevação de enzimas hepáticas e plaquetopenia) (33,3% x 20,6%, p 0,389), insuficiência respiratória (16,7% x 6,3%, p 0,832) e descolamento prematuro da placenta (0% x 6,3%, p 0,689). Conclusão: a recorrência de crise convulsiva (8,7%) foi similar à relatada na literatura mundial (9,7%). Não houve aumento de complicações clínicas e obstétricas nas pacientes com recorrência de eclampsia.
Hepatite C: avaliar a correlação da resposta virológica na 4ª semana de tratamento com a resposta virológica sustentada em um hospital terciário no Ceará
Authors: Pinho Cibele Silveira , Braga Lúcia Libanez Bessa Campelo , Lima José Milton de Castro , Hyppolito Elodie Bomfim , Mello Flávia Siqueira Furtado , Rolim Flavio Esmeraldo , Lima Rodrigo Vieira Costa
Published: September 2018

Introdução: a hepatite C acomete aproximadamente 1% da população brasileira, cronificando em até 80% dos casos. As novas drogas de ação antivirais diretas (DAAs) aumentaram significativamente a resposta virológica sustentada (RVS), ficando em torno de 90%, além de reduzirem os efeitos colaterais e a duração da terapia medicamentosa. Em alguns casos, a carga viral já se encontra negativada em torno da quarta semana de tratamento. Objetivo: avaliar a correlação entre a carga viral da 4ª semana e a da resposta virológica sustentada (RVS). Método: estudo retrospectivo com uma série de 462 pacientes portadores de hepatite C crônica submetidos ao tratamento com as novas drogas antivirais diretas (DAAs) em dois hospitais terciários da rede pública de saúde do estado do Ceará. Resultado: dos 462 pacientes analisados, 193 foram selecionados para o estudo. 148 pacientes avaliados (76,6%) apresentaram carga viral indetectável (<12 cópias/ml) na 4ª semana de tratamento, sendo que destes 97% obtiveram a RVS. 42 pacientes (21,7%) não negativaram a carga viral ao fim da 4ª semana de tratamento, mas apresentaram RVS, e apenas 7 pacientes (3,6%) foram considerados como resistentes ao tratamento com o uso das DAAs. Conclusão: a dosagem da carga viral após o primeiro mês do uso dos antivirais mostrou-se confiável na maioria dos casos. Novos estudos devem ser feitos a fim de aumentar a confiança dos resultados, para então utilizá-los como fonte segura de resposta terapêutica.
The evolution of medical education and what scares us about it
Authors: Medeiros Francisco Das Chagas , Pinheiro Valéria Goes Ferreira
Published: September 2018

In the early Middle Ages, future doctors were not students; they were apprentices. Teaching consisted of knowledge about herbs and surgical skills, “taught” by older, experienced peers. In monasteries, monks occupied themselves copying classic texts in the scriptorium. These sources, however, were not consulted by apprentices at the time. In convents and nurseries, manuals of medical botany, especially the ones about herbs of their local orchards, were preferable reading. The first record on medical training in literature is attributed to Charaka, a Hindu physician who in 500 BC referred to the distinctive idea of a “master” from whom one could learn the art and medical practice. In the tenth century, in a somewhat pre-academic teaching style developed in Salerno and later in the Alexandrian model, Mentors were respected celebrities, authorized and of great powers. Shortly afterwards, Constantin came to Monte Cassino to translate Arabic medical writings into Greek (internationalizing medicine) and the University of Bologna was founded on September 18, 1088, by and for students.
Modelo para treinamento simulado de anastomoses cirúrgicas por laparoscopia
Authors: Barreira Márcio Alencar , Silveira Delano Gurgel , Goes Annya Costa Araújo de Macedo
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: apresentar um modelo, de baixo custo e prático, para treinamento por simulação de uma anastomose cirúrgica por laparoscopia. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório, com a utilização de pesquisa bibliográfica. Resultados: O modelo é prático e barato. Conclusão: O modelo apresentado pode ser utilizado no ensino da cirurgia laparoscópica.
Líquen plano da conjuntiva ocular
Authors: Gontijo Livia Matida , Macellaro Marina , Baeninger Lisa Gava , Mançano Vanessa De Sousa , Vasconcellos Renata Cristina , Oushiro Nathalia Hatsue , Santos Felipe Borba Calixto dos
Published: September 2018

O líquen plano (LP) é uma doença autoimune, recorrente, de etiologia desconhecida. Pode apresentar associação com distúrbios psíquicos, hipertensão arterial e alcoolismo crônico. Líquen plano ocular (LPO), por sua vez, é uma doença rara, com incidência de 0,22% a 5% em todo o mundo. Afeta principalmente adultos de meia-idade, entre 30-60 anos, e não apresenta predileção de gênero ou raça. O presente relato de caso trata-se de um paciente com LPO isolado com remissão total da lesão após introdução de corticoide sistêmico.
Concrete strength prediction using artificial neural network and genetic programming
Authors: Kulkarni Preeti , Londhe Shreenivas N.
Published: September 2018

Concrete is a highly complex composite construction material and modeling using computing tools to predict concrete strength is a difficult task. In this work an effort is made to predict compressive strength of concrete after 28 days of curing, using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic programming (GP). The data for analysis mainly consists of mix design parameters of concrete, coefficient of soft sand and maximum size of aggregates as input parameters. ANN yields trained weights and biases as the final model which sometime may impediment in its application at operational level. GP on other hand yields an equation as its output making its plausible tool for operational use. Comparison of the prediction results displays the result the model accuracy of both ANN and GP as satisfactory, giving GP a working advantage owing to its output in an equation form. A knowledge extraction technique used with the weights and biases of ANN model to understand the most influencing parameters to predict the 28 day strength of concrete, promises to prove ANN as grey box rather than a black box. GP models, in form of explicit equations, show the influencing parameters with reference to the presence of the relevant parameters in the equations.
THE EFFECTS OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: APPLICATION IN COMPANIES WITHIN THE SCOPE OF BIST CORPORATE GOVERNANCE INDEX - İÇ KONTROL SİSTEMİNİN KURUMSAL YÖNETİM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: BIST KURUMSAL YÖNETİM ENDEKSİ KAPSAMINDAKİ ŞİRKETLERDE UYGULAMA
Authors: ÇİĞDEM Figen Canbay , GÜNEŞ Recep , ÇUKACI Yusuf Cahit
Published: September 2018

Internal control system and corporate governance are fundamental concepts for the managements that want to be afloat in global economy. In the study, effects of internal control system on corporate governance are tried to be determined. For this purpose, survey study was sent to chairman of executive board / executive board members, general manager / assistant general manager, internal auditor and audit committee members of 49 companies that are within the scope of BIST (Istanbul Stock Exchange) corporate governance index and data which can be used in analysis is obtained from 38 companies. After qualitative data was obtained in the study, the data was analysed in SPSS medium.