bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomaly in the earth magnetic field at north provinces of Najaf city
Authors: Baron Arif S.
Published: August 2020

This paper investigated in the numerical simulation model to calculate the Earth magnetic field components at north provinces of Najaf city (Longitude 44.316 o -44.3592o E and Latitude 32.0508o - 32.0256o N). The components of the Earth magnetic field (total intensity (F), horizontal intensity (H), declination (D), inclination (I), the north component(X), the east component(Y), and Down component(Z)) were found by using spherical harmonic world magnetic model (WMM2010). A great deal of anomaly has been discovered in all components of the Earth magnetic field at the selected region (Long. 44.345o-44.335o E, Lat.32.042o-32.032o N) using Kriging method. This anomaly can be attributed either to oil rich region or cracking in the Earth crust.
Derivative of an image that corrupted by additive noise
Authors: Hamdan Suhad. A.
Published: August 2020

In this paper the behavior of the quality of the gradient that implemented on an image as a function of noise error is presented. The cross correlation coefficient (ccc) between the derivative of the original image before and after introducing noise error shows dramatic decline compared with the corresponding images before taking derivatives. Mathematical equations have been constructed to control the relation between (ccc) and the noise parameter.
Drought assessment in Iraq using analysis of Standardized precipitation index (SPI)
Authors: AL-Timimi Yaseen K.
Published: August 2020

The Present study investigated the drought in Iraq, by using the rainfall data which obtained from 39 meteorological stations for the past 30 years (1980-2010). The drought coefficient calculated on basis of the standard precipitation index (SPI) and then characteristics of drought magnitude, duration and intensity were analyzed. The correlation and regression between magnitude and duration of drought were obtained according the (SPI) index. The result shows that drought magnitude values were greater in the northeast region of Iraq.
Automated method for buried object detecting using ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey
Authors: Muhsin Israa J.
Published: August 2020

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a nondestructive geophysical technique that uses electromagnetic waves to evaluate subsurface information. A GPR unit emits a short pulse of electromagnetic energy and is able to determine the presence or absence of a target by examining the reflected energy from that pulse. GPR is geophysical approach that use band of the radio spectrum. In this research the function of GPR has been summarized as survey different buried objects such as (Iron, Plastic(PVC), Aluminum) in specified depth about (0.5m) using antenna of 250 MHZ, the response of the each object can be recognized as its shapes, this recognition have been performed using image processing such as filtering. Where different filters like (DC adjustment, triangular FIR, delete mean trace, FIR) have been applied on output image as well as the simulation of the soil and the buried objects layers have been obtained using GPR simulation program.
A study of the solvent effect on the low temperature spectra of benzoanthracene molecules
Authors: Ahmed Asmaa N.
Published: August 2020

been taken at room temperature down to liquid nitrogen temperature (77K). Polar and nonpolar solvents have been used to study the solvent effect on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of solute molecules. Some of the spectroscopic parameters have been determined as functions of solvent polarity and temperature. The results indicate that the band width FWHM increases with increasing the solvent polarity and temperature, while the peak emission cross section decreases with increasing of solvent polarity and decreases with increasing the temperatures. Clear vibrational structure spectra of benzoanthracene molecules have been observed in Nonane and Hexane solvents at 77K.
Classification of the galaxy Milky Way using variable precision rough sets technique
Authors: Ismael Ban Sabah
Published: August 2020

Astronomy image is regarded main source of information to discover outer space, therefore to know the basic contain for galaxy (Milky way), it was classified using Variable Precision Rough Sets technique to determine the different region within galaxy according different color in the image. From classified image we can determined the percentage for each class and then what is the percentage mean. In this technique a good classified image result and faster time required to done the classification process.
Effect of annealed temperature on some structural, optical and mechanical properties of selenium thin film
Authors: Abdul-Hamead Alaa A.
Published: August 2020

In this paper a thin films of selenium was prepare on substrates of n-Si by evaporation in a vacuum technique with thickness about 0.5μm. And then an annealing process was done on samples at two temperature (100 and 200) C ° in a vacuum furnace (10-3 torr).Some structural, optical and mechanical properties of prepared thin films were measured. Results showed that the prepared film was the crystallization, optical transmittance and micro hardness of the prepared thin films increased significantly after annealing.
STVI calculating the changes in vegetable cover for a vegetated environment in west Iraq
Authors: Ali Hanaa I.
Published: August 2020

Remote sensing provide the best means to monitoring change in vegetation over a wide range of temporal scales over large areas. In this study, the vegetation index which has been applied known as the Stress Related Vegetation Index (STVI) on in the area around the Euphrates River and part of Al-Habbaniyah lake which located at western side of the river in Ramadi city, Al-Anbar province at Iraq to study the vegetation cover changes and detect the areas of changes, using two satellite sensors multispectral images such as TM and ALI, after geometric correction procedure to rectifying these images. The STVI-4 index result was the best than other vegetation indices (STVI-1 and STVI-3) to discriminate the vegetable cover distribution. The differencing image and statistical characteristics have been implemented to delineate and calculate the areas of changes in agriculture land.
Nucleon momentum distributions and elastic electron scattering form factors for 48Ti and 54Fe nuclei
Authors: Flaiyh Ghaith N.
Published: August 2020

The nucleon momentum distributions (NMD) for the ground state and elastic electron scattering form factors have been calculated in the framework of the coherent fluctuation model and expressed in terms of the weight function (fluctuation function). The weight function has been related to the nucleon density distributions of nuclei and determined from theory and experiment. The nucleon density distributions (NDD) is derived from a simple method based on the use of the single particle wave functions of the harmonic oscillator potential and the occupation numbers of the states. The feature of long-tail behavior at high momentum region of the NMD has been obtained using both the theoretical and experimental weight functions. The observed electron scattering form factors for 48Ti and 54Fe nuclei are in reasonable agreement with the present calculations throughout all values of momentum transfer q.
Linear attenuation coefficient measurement in polymer composite
Authors: Al-Rawi Nesreen B.
Published: August 2020

Linear attenuation coefficient of polymer composite for beta particles and bremsstrahlung ray were investigated as a function of the absorber thickness and energy. The attenuation coefficient were obtained using NaI(Tl) energy selective scintillation counter with 90Sr/90Y beta source having an energy range from 0.1-1.1 MeV. The present results show the capability of this composite to absorber beta particles and bremsstrahlung ray that yield from it. That’s mean it is useful to choice this composite for radiation shielding of beta ray with low thickness.
Lineament automatic extraction analysis for Galal Badra river basin using Landsat 8 satellite image
Authors: Adhab Safaa Sabah
Published: August 2020

This research including lineament automated extraction by using PCI Geomatica program, depending on satellite image and lineament analysis by using GIS program. Analysis included density analysis, length density analysis and intersection density analysis. When calculate the slope map for the study area, found the relationship between the slope and lineament density.The lineament density increases in the regions that have high values for the slope, show that lineament play an important role in the classification process as it isolates the class for the other were observed in Iranian territory, clearly, also show that one of the lineament hit shoulders of Galal Badra dam and the surrounding areas dam. So should take into consideration the lineaments because its plays an important role in the study area.
A study of the structural and electrical properties of Ni1-x Cox Fe2O4 ferrites
Authors: Hasan Hind Mohammed
Published: August 2020

Ferrite with general formula Ni1-x Cox Fe2O4(where x=0.0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7, and 0.9), were prepared by standard ceramic technique. The main cubic spinel structure phase for all samples was confirmed by x-ray diffraction patterns. The lattice parameter results were (8.256-8.299 °A). Generally, x -ray density increased with the addition of Cobalt and showed value between (5.452-5.538gm/cm3). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed that the average grain size and surface roughness was decreasing with the increasing cobalt concentration. Scanning Electron Microscopy images show that grains had an irregular distribution and irregular shape. The A.C conductivity was found to increase with the frequency and the addition of Cobalt, D.C conductivity was found to increase with temperature due to decreases in resistivity. Dielectric constants were noticed to decrease with frequency and Co addition. The Hall coefficient was found to be positive. This demonstrates that the majority of charge carriers are p-type, suggesting that the mechanism of conduction is predominantly caused by hopping of holes.
Effect of Pb dopant On A.C mechanism of ZnS thin films
Authors: Shaban Salma M.
Published: August 2020

Vacuum evaporation technique was used to prepare pure and doped ZnS:Pb thin films at10% atomic weight of Pb element onto glass substrates at room temperature for 200 nm thickness. Effect of doping on a.c electrical properties such as, a.c conductivity, real, and imaginary parts of dielectric constant within frequency range (10 KHz - 10 MHz) are measured. The frequency dependence of a.c conductivity is matched with correlated barrier hoping especially at higher frequency. Effect of doping on behavior of a.c mechanism within temperature range 298-473 K was studied.
Short-term effect of ultrasound therapy on stiffness elbow joint
Authors: Neda Fezaa Sh.
Published: August 2020

Elbow stiffness is hard to treat and commonly resulted from trauma or degenerative arthritis. This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of using ultrasound therapy in management of stiff elbow joint resulted from several etiological factors. A total number of 42 patients (35 male and 7 female) allocated randomly from the Department of Physiotherapy at Al-yarmouk Teaching Hospital during 2013. Each patient examined physically by physiotherapist taking in consideration the measurement of the joint movement angle using goniometer in flexion and the extension, and the pain score using visual analogue scale (VAS). Ultrasound therapy initiated thrice weekly for two weeks. At the time of entry, the means degree of flexion and extension movements were 148.45 and 113.33º. Ultrasound therapy significantly reduced the pain from of 1.238±0.932 to 0.38± 0.538score. Significant improvement observed in patients aged more than 20 years and the improvement in flexion elbow significantly correlated with the frequency of ultrasound. In Conclusions ultrasound therapy is safe, effective and provided pain relieve as well as wide range of movement in post-traumatic elbow stiffness.
Investigation of the dielectric properties of Sn – doped PMMA/PVA blends
Authors: Hasan Ahamad A.
Published: August 2020

Blends of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) doped with 2% weight percentage of Sn were prepared with different blend ratios using casting technique. The measurements of A.C conductivity σa.c within the frequency range (25kHz – 5MHz) of undoped and Sn doped PMMA/PVA blends obeyed the relationship σ= Aws were the value of s within the range 0 > s > 1. The results showed that σa.c increases with the increase of frequency. The exponent s showed preceding increase with the increase of PVA content for PMMA/PVA blends doped with Sn. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, A.C electrical conductivity are varied with the concentration of PVA in the blend and frequency of applied electrical field.
Effect of laser energy and ablation time on the formation of aluminum nanoparticles by nanosecond laser ablation of aluminum target in ethanol
Authors: Aadim Kadhim A.
Published: August 2020

In this work we study the influence of the laser pulse energy and ablation time on the aluminum nanoparticles productivity during nanosecond laser ablation of bulk aluminum immersed in liquid.Aluminum nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Al targets in ethanol for 3-8 minutes using the 1064 nm wavelength of a Nd:YAG laser with energies of 300-500 mJ per pulse.The laser energy was varied between 300 and 500 mJ/pulse, whereas the ablation time was set to 5 minutes. UV-Visible absorption spectra was used for the characterization and comparison of products.
Effect of iodine doping on the characteristics of polythiophene thin films prepared by aerosol assisted plasma jet polymerization at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Abdullah Manal Midhat
Published: August 2020

Iodine-doped polythiophene thin films are prepared by aerosol assisted plasma jet polymerization at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The doping of iodine was carried out in situ by employing iodine crystals in thiophene monomer by weight mixing ratios of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%. The chemical composition analyses of pure and iodine-doped and heat-treated polythiophene thin films are carried out by FTIR spectroscopy studies. The optical band gaps of the films are evaluated from absorption spectrum studies. Direct transition energy gaps are determined from Tauc plots. The structural changes of polythiophene upon doping and the reduction of optical band gap are explained on the basis of the results obtained from FTIR spectroscopy, UV–VIS absorption studies, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. The energy band gap will be different according to the concentration of polythiophene iodine. It can be concluded that iodine-doped polythiophene thin films can be prepare by aerosol assisted plasma jet polymerization and control the optical energy band gap regulars by controlling the thiophene -iodine weight mixing ratios.
Matter density distribution and longitudinal form factors for the ground and excited states of 17Ne exotic nucleus
Authors: Raheem E. M.
Published: August 2020

The two-frequency shell model approach is used to calculate theground state matter density distribution and the corresponding rootmean square radii of the two-proton17Ne halo nucleus with theassumption that the model space of 15O core nucleus differ from themodel space of extra two loosely bound valence protons. Twodifferent size parameters bcore and bhalo of the single particle wavefunctions of the harmonic oscillator potential are used. Thecalculations are carried out for different configurations of the outerhalo protons in 17Ne nucleus and the structure of this halo nucleusshows that the dominant configuration when the two halo protons inthe 1d5/2 orbit (15O core plus two protons halo in pure 1d5/2 orbit). Thecalculated matter density distribution in terms of the two-frequencyshell model is compared with the calculated one in terms one sizeparameter for all orbits to illustrate the effect of introducing one ortwo size parameters in calculations. The longitudinal form factors forelastic C0 and inelastic C2 electron scattering from 17Ne nucleus arecalculated for the considered configurations and for three states ofeach configuration which are the ground state ( JT  1 2 3 2 ) andthe first two excited states ( JT  3 2 3 2 ) and ( JT  5 2 3 2 ).The electric transition strengths B(C2) are calculated for the excitedstates and for the effective nucleon charges which are used in thiswork and compared with the experimental values.
Thermoelectric power for thermally deposited cadmium telluride films
Authors: A. Alias M. F.
Published: August 2020

Thermal evaporation method has used for depositing CdTe filmson corning glass slides under vacuum of about 10-5mbar. Thethicknesses of the prepared films are400 and 1000 nm. The preparedfilms annealed at 573 K. The structural of CdTe powder and preparedfilms investigated. The hopping and thermal energies of as depositedand annealed CdTe films studied as a function of thickness. Apolycrystalline structure observed for CdTe powder and preparedfilms. All prepared films are p-type semiconductor. The hoppingenergy decreased as thickness increased, while thermal energyincreased.
Diagnostics of dusty plasma properties in planar magnetron sputtering device
Authors: Abbas Qusay A.
Published: August 2020

The effect of Al dust particles on glow discharge regions, dischargevoltage, discharge current, plasma potential, floating potential,electron density and electron temperature in planar magnetronsputtering device has been studied experimentally. Four cylindricalLangmuir probes were employed to measure plasma parameters atdifferent point on the radial axis of plasma column. The resultsshows the present of Al dust causes to increase the discharge voltageand reduce the discharge current. There are two electron groups inthe present and absent of Al dust particles. The radial profiles ofplasma parameters in the present of dust are non- uniform. Thefloating potential of probe becomes more negatively while theplasma potential becomes positive when the dust immersed intoplasma region. The electron density increases in the present of dustparticle which lead to decreases the electron temperature.
The role of atmospheric non-thermal plasma in the bacteria inactivation
Authors: Khalaf Thamir H.
Published: August 2020

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has emerged as anew promising tool in medicine and biology. In this work, A DBDsystem was built as a source of atmospheric pressure non-thermalPlasma suitable for clinical and biological applications. E. coli andstaphylococcus spp bacteria were exposed to the DBD plasma for aperiod of time as inactivation (sterilization) process. A series ofexperiments were achieved under different operating conditions. Theresults showed that the inactivation, of the two kinds of bacteria, wasaffected (increasing or decreasing) according to operation conditionsbecause they affects, as expected, the produced plasma propertiesaccording to those conditions.
The effect of thickness on the optical properties of Cu2S thin films
Authors: Ghdeeb Nadia Jasim
Published: August 2020

In this work, the optical properties of Cu2S with different thickness(1400, 2400, 4400) Ǻ have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method onto clean glass substrate heated at 283 oC ±2. The effectof thickness on the optical properties of Cu2S has been studied. Itwas found that the optical properties of the electronic transitions onfundamental absorption edge were direct allowed and the value of theoptical energy gap of Cu2S (Eg) for direct transition decreased from(2.4-2.1) eV with increasing of the thickness from (1400 - 4400)Ǻrespectively. Also it was found that the absorption coefficient isincreased with increasing of thicknesses. The optical constants suchas extinction coefficient, refractive index and the imaginary part ofthe dielectric constant have similar termed of variation for theabsorption coefficient.
Indoor risk assessment of radon gas in the science college buildings-University of Mustansiriyah using RAD-7 detector
Authors: Ridha Ali A.
Published: August 2020

In the present work, a set of indoor Radon concentration measurements was carried out in a number of rooms and buildings of Science College in the University of Mustansiriyah for the first time in Iraq using RAD-7 detector which is an active method for short time measuring compared with the passive method in solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD's). The results show that, the Radon concentrations values vary from 9.85±1.7 Bq.m-3 to 94.21±34.7 Bq.m-3 with an average value 53.64±26 Bq.m-3 which is lower than the recommended action level 200-300 Bq/m3 [ICRP, 2009].The values of the annual effective dose (A.E.D) vary from 0.25 mSv/y to 2.38 mSv/y, with an average value 1.46±0.67 mSv/y which is lower than the recommended the range 3-10 mSv/y [ICRP, 1993]. While the values of lung cancer cases per year per million person vary from 4.50 per million person to 42.84 per million person with an average value 24.35±12 per million person which is lower than the recommended range 170-230 per million person [ICRP, 1993].The values of the potential alpha energy concentration were found to vary from 10.18 mWL to 1.06 mWL, with an average value 5.79±2.8 mWL which is lower than the recommended value of 53.33 mWL given by [UNSCEAR, 1993].
Frequency analyses of human voice using fast Fourier transform
Authors: Mahdi Jinan F.
Published: August 2020

Quantitative analysis of human voice has been subject of interest and the subject gained momentum when human voice was identified as a modality for human authentication and identification. The main organ responsible for production of sound is larynx and the structure of larynx along with its physical properties and modes of vibration determine the nature and quality of sound produced. There has been lot of work from the point of view of fundamental frequency of sound and its characteristics. With the introduction of additional applications of human voice interest grew in other characteristics of sound and possibility of extracting useful features from human voice. We conducted a study using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique to analyze human voice to identify different frequencies present in the voice with their relative proportion while pronouncing selected words like numbers. Details of findings are presented
Nonlinear optical properties of synthesized porous nanostructures PMMA via template-directed methods
Authors: Al-Bawi Zainab F.
Published: August 2020

Colloidal crystals (opals) made of close-packed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were fabricated and grown by Template-Directed methods to obtain porous materials with well-ordered periodicity and interconnected pore systems to manufacture photonic crystals. Opals were made from aqueous suspensions of monodisperse PMMA spheres with diameters between 280 and 415 nm. SEM confirmed the PMMA spheres crystallized uniformly in a face-centered cubic (FCC) array. Optical properties of synthesized pores PMMA were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy. It shows that the colloidal crystals possess pseudo photonic band gaps in the visible region. A combination of Bragg’s law of diffraction and Snell’s law of refraction were used to calculate the sphere diameter. Finally, colloidal crystals were subjected to Z-scan experiment under pulsed Q-switched Nd:YAG laser illumination to characterize it for third order nonlinear optical properties. Z-scan results show the change in transmittance of a beam, and the nonlinear refractive index is n2 = 9.82787 x 10-12 (cm2/GW), while the nonlinear absorption coefficient β= 0.04673908 (cm/GW). These results were attributed to enhance the self-focusing arising from Kerr effect and the two-photon absorption.
Evaluation the water quality of the potable water network in Al-Shuala/ Baghdad City
Authors: Mohammed Zainab Bahaa
Published: August 2020

In this research, the water quality of the potable water network inAl-Shuala Baghdad city were evaluated and compare them with theIraqi standards (IQS) for drinking water and World HealthOrganization standards (WHO), then water quality index (WQI) werecalculator: pH, heavy metals (lead, cadmium and iron), chlorides,total hardness, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid andelectrical conductivity. Water samples are collected weekly duringthe period from February 2015 to April 2015 from ten sites. Resultsshow that the chlorides, total dissolved solid and electricalconductivity less than acceptable limit of standards, but totalhardness and heavy metals in some samples higher than acceptablelimit of standards while the other parameter is good.WQI shows thatresults is excellent and good for drinking for all location and monthsexcept site (2) gave higher value (65.184) in March and site (9) gavehigh value (57.78, 57.23) at March and April indicate that sites ispoor for drinking water.
Synthesis and optical properties of CdS quantum dots via paraffin liquid and oleic acid
Authors: Sadeq Zainab S.
Published: August 2020

In this study, an easy, low-cost, green, and environmentallyfriendlier reagents have been used to prepare CdS QDs, in chemicalreaction method by mixed different ratio of CdO and sulfur inparaffin liquid as solvent and oleic acid as the reacting media indifferent concentration to get the optimum condition of the reactionto formation CdS QDs. The results give an indication that thebehavior is at small concentration of 4ml of the oleic acid is bestconcentration which give CdS QDs of small about to 9.23 nm withnano fiber configuration.
Influence of Nd and Ce doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of V2O5 thin films
Authors: Jassim I. K.
Published: August 2020

Nano-structural of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films weredeposited by chemical spray pyrolysis technique (CSPT). Nd and Cedoped vanadium oxide films were prepared, adding Neodymiumchloride (NdCl3) and ceric sulfate (Ce(SO4)2) of 3% in separatesolution. These precursor solutions were used to deposit un-dopedV2O5 and doped with Nd and Ce films on the p-type Si (111) andglass substrate at 250°C. The structural, optical and electricalproperties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction study revealed apolycrystalline nature of the orthorhombic structure with thepreferred orientation of (010) with nano-grains. Atomic forcemicroscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the morphology of thefilms. Un-doped V2O5 and doped with 3% concentration of Nd andCe films have direct allowed transition band gap. The mechanisms ofdc-conductivity of un-doped V2O5 and doped with Nd and Ce filmsat the range 303 K to 473 K have been discussed.
Performance of humidity sensor based on photonic crystal fiber interferometer
Authors: Taher Hanan J.
Published: August 2020

Photonic Crystal Fiber Interferometers (PCFIs) are greatly usedfor sensing applications. This work presents the fabrication andcharacterization of a relative humidity sensor based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI), which operates in reflection mode.The humidity sensor operation based on the adsorption anddesorption of water vapour at the silica-air interface within the PCF.The fabrication of this sensor is simple, it only includes splicing andcleaving the PCF with SMF.PCF (LMA-10) with a certain lengthspliced to SMF (Corning-28).The spectrum of PCFI exhibits good sensitivity to humidityvariations. The PCFI response is observed for a range of humidityvalues from (27% RH to 85% RH), the position of the interferencepeaks is found to be shifted to longer wavelength with humidityincreasing. In this work, a different length of PCFs are used, and themaximum humidity sensitivity of (5.86 pm / %RH) is achieved with(4.5cm) PCF length, and the rise time of (8sec) is achieved. Thishumidity sensor has distinguished features as that it does not requirethe use of a hygroscopic material, robust, compact size, immunity toelectromagnetic interference, and it has potential applications forhigh humidity environments.
Characterization of CuO thin films for gas sensing applications
Authors: Rzaij Jamal M.
Published: August 2020

Nanostructural cupric oxide (CuO) films were prepared on Si and glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) using laser Nd:YAG, using different laser pulses energies from 200 to 600 mJ. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the films showed a polycrystalline structure with a monoclinic symmetry and preferred orientation toward (111) plane with nano structure. The crystallite size was increasing with increasing of laser pulse energy. Optical properties was characterized by using UV–vis spectrometer in the wave lengthrange (200-1100) nm at room temperature. The results showed that the transmission spectrum decreases with the laser pulses energy increase. Sensitivity of NO2 gas at different operating temperatures, (50°C, 100°C, 150°C and 200°C) was calculated.
The effect of short range correlation on the inelastic C2 and C4 form factors of 18O nucleus
Authors: Mdekil Abdullah S.
Published: August 2020

The effect of short range correlations on the inelastic Coulomb form factors for excited +2 states (1.982, 3.919, 5.250 and 8.210MeV) and +4 states (3.553, 7.114, 8.960 and 10.310 MeV) in O18 is analyzed. This effect (which depends on the correlation parameterβ) is inserted into the ground state charge density distribution through the Jastrow type correlation function. The single particle harmonic oscillator wave function is used with an oscillator size parameter .b The parameters β and b are adjusted for each excited state separately so as to reproduce the experimental root mean square charge radius of .18O The nucleusO18 is considered as an inert core of C12 with two protons and four neutrons distributed over 212521211sdp−− active orbits. The total transition charge density comes from both the model space and core polarization transition charge densities. The realistic effective interaction of Reehal–Wildenthal (REWIL) is used for this model space. It is found that the introduction of the effect of short range correlations is necessary for obtaining a remarkable improvement for the calculated inelastic Coulomb form factors and considered as an essential for explanation the data amazingly throughout the whole range of considered momentum transfer.
Optical properties for prepared polyaniline / Ferro fluid nano composites
Authors: Hassan Salma M.
Published: August 2020

Pure nano Ferro fluid was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The composite of polyaniline with nano sized Ferro fluid was prepared by In-situ–chemical oxidation polymerization method with ammonium per sulphate as an oxidant in aqueous hydrochloric acid under constant stirring at room temperature. The optical properties, absorption, transmission, optical energy gap (Eg) and optical constant refractive index (n) have been investigated. The value of the Eg decreased with increasing Ferro fluid concentration.
Plasma characteristics of Ag:Al alloy produced by fundamental and second harmonic frequencies of Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Hussain Ali A-K.
Published: August 2020

In this work, the spectra for plasma glow produced by pulseNd:YAG laser (λ=532 and 1064nm) on Ag:Al alloy with same molarratio samples in distilled water were analyzed by studying the atomiclines compared with aluminum and silver strong standard lines. Theeffect of laser energies of the range 300 to 800 mJ on spectral lines,produced by laser ablation, were investigated using opticalspectroscopy. The electron temperature was found to be increasedfrom 1.698 to 1.899 eV, while the electron density decreased from2.247×1015 to 5.08×1014 cm-3 with increasing laser energy from 300to 800 mJ with wavelength of 1064 nm. The values of electrontemperature using second harmonic frequency are greater than of1064 nm, which increased from 2.405 to 2.444 eV, while the electrondensity decreased from 2.210×1015 to 1.516×1015 cm-3 withincreasing laser energy for the same energy range.
Bulk heterojunction blend (NiPcTs:PEDOT:PSS) in gas sensing
Authors: Abood Morooj A.
Published: August 2020

Thin films of bulk heterojunction blend Ni-PhthalocyanineTetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt and dpoly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate) (NiPcTs:PEDOT: PSS) with different (PEDOT:PSS) concentrations (0.5, 1, 2)are prepared using spin coating technique with thickness 100 nm onglass and Si substrate. The X-Ray diffraction pattern of NiPcTspowder was studied and compared with NiPc powder, the patternshowed that the structure is a polycrystalline with monoclinic phase.XRD analysis of as-deposited (NiPcTs/PEDOT:PSS) thin filmsblends in dicated that the film appeared at(100), (102) inconcentrations (0.5, 1) and (100) in concentration (2). The grain sizeis increased with increasing (PEDOT:PSS) concentrations. FTIRmeasurements for these bulk heterojunction blend thin films alsocarried out in this work and gave good information about the bondsand their locations. Sensor measurements of Si/NiPcTS:PEDOT:PSSbulk heterojunctions blend thin films show a good sensitivity for NO2gas Compared to NH3gas. The NiPcTS/PEDOT:PSS gas sensordevice work at room temperature than high temperature for NO2 gasbut good sensitivity at100ºC for NH3 gas and sensor work moreeffectively in 0.5 concentration for both gases.
The pre-equilibrium and equilibrium double differential cross sections for the nucleons and light nuclei induce nuclear reactions on 27Al nuclei
Authors: Idrees Maha Taha
Published: August 2020

The pre - equilibrium and equilibrium double differential crosssections are calculated at different energies using Kalbach Systematicapproach in terms of Exciton model with Feshbach, Kerman andKoonin (FKK) statistical theory. The angular distribution of nucleonsand light nuclei on 27Al target nuclei, at emission energy in the centerof mass system, are considered, using the Multistep Compound(MSC) and Multistep Direct (MSD) reactions. The two-componentexciton model with different corrections have been implemented incalculating the particle-hole state density towards calculating thetransition rates of the possible reactions and follow up the calculationthe differential cross-sections, that include MSC and MSD models.The finite well depth, isospin, shell effects, Pauli effect, chargeeffect, pairing, surface, angular and linear momentum distributionscorrections are considered in this work. The nucleons (n and p) andlight nuclei (2D and 3T) have been employed as projectiles at thetarget 27Al nuclei and at different incident energies (4MeV, 14 MeVand 14.8MeV). The results have been compared with the availableexperimental and theoretical published work. The comparisons showan acceptable agreement with the TALAYS code (Tendel 2014) forthe reactions: 27Al (n, n) 27Al, 27Al (p, n) 63Zn, 27Al (p, D) 62Cu, 27Al(p, p) 63Cu and 27Al (p, 4He)60Ni and at different emission energiesand angles.
Effect of thickness on the optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD)
Authors: Salim Maysar A.
Published: August 2020

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films of different thickness were preparedon ultrasonically cleaned corning glass substrate, by pulsed laserdeposition technique (PLD) at room temperature. Since mostapplication of ZnO thin film are certainly related to its opticalproperties, so the optical properties of ZnO thin film in thewavelength range (300-1100) nm were studied, it was observed thatall ZnO films have high transmittance (˃ 80 %) in the wavelengthregion (400-1100) nm and it increase as the film thickness increase,using the optical transmittance to calculate optical energy gap (Egopt)show that (Egopt) of a direct allowed transition and its value nearlyconstant (~ 3.2 eV) for all film thickness (150, 180, 210, and 240)nm, so Zn0 thin films were used as a transparent conducting oxide(TCO) in various optoelectronic application such as a window in athin film solar cells.
Porous silicon prepared by photo electrochemical etching assisted by laser
Authors: Mutlak Falah A-H
Published: August 2020

Porous silicon (PS) layers are prepared by anodization fordifferent etching current densities. The samples are thencharacterized the nanocrystalline porous silicon layer by X-RayDiffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), FourierTransform Infrared (FTIR). PS layers were formed on n-type Siwafer. Anodized electrically with a 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mA/cm2current density for fixed 10 min etching times. XRD confirms theformation of porous silicon, the crystal size is reduced towardnanometric scale of the face centered cubic structure, and peakbecomes a broader with increasing the current density. The AFMinvestigation shows the sponge like structure of PS at the lowercurrent density porous begin to form on the crystalline silicon, whenthe current density increases, pores with maximum diameter areformed as observed all over the surface. FTIR spectroscopy shows ahigh density of silicon bonds, it is very sensitive to the surroundingambient air, and it is possible to oxidation spontaneously.
Effect of gamma irradiation and ZnO nano particles on the A.C electrical conductivity of polyaniline
Authors: Mahmood Hanaa Sh. Mahmood Sh.
Published: August 2020

Conducting polyaniline / ZnO nano composites are synthesizedusing a simplified cheap method with one step in –situ chemicalpolymerization, and AC conductivity (σac) of the prepared samples isstudied in the range of frequency from 50 Hz to 15MHz.). Thepresence of polarons in the conjugated polymer chain are responsiblefor the ac conductivity is reliance on the frequency in thesecomposites. The effect of increasing the ZnO nano particleconcentration irradiation and gamma radiation on the electricconductivity was analyzed. The result showed that thenanocomposite prepared has the highest conductivity, from purepolyaniline and the exponential factor S was found increasing withZnO content it was 0.739 for PANI pure and for 0.02 ZnO it was1.415.
Characterization of smoker and non smoker human teeth using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Hussain Ali A-K.
Published: August 2020

In this work, the elemental constituents of smoker and nonsmokerteeth samples of human were analyzed by Laser induced breakdownspectroscopy method (LIBS). Many elements have been detected inthe healthy teeth samples, the important once are Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Pband Na. Many differences were found between (female and male)teeth in Ca, P, Mg, Na and Pb contents. The concentrations of mosttoxic elements were found significantly in the smoker group. Themaximum concentrations of toxic elements such as Pb, Cd and Cowere found in older male age above 60 year. Also, it was found thatthe minimum concentrations of trace elements such as Ca, P and Naexist in this age group. From these results it is clear that the LIBStechnique is a powerful tool for fast identification of teeth problems.
Enhancement of vanadium oxide doped Eu+3 for gas sensor application
Authors: Odhaib Hassan M.
Published: August 2020

Thin films of vanadium oxide nanoparticles doped with different concentrations of europium oxide (2, 4, 6, and 8) wt % are deposited on glass and Si substrates with orientation (111) utilizing by pulsed laser deposition technique using Nd:YAG laser that has a wavelength of 1064 nm, average frequency of 6 Hz and pulse duration of 10 ns. The films were annealed in air at 300 °C for two hours, then the structural, morphological and optical properties are characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively. The X-ray diffraction results of V2O5:Eu2O3 exhibit that the film has apolycrystalline monoclinic V2O5 and triclinic V4O7 phases. The FESEM image shows a homogeneous pattern and confirms the formation of uniform nanostructures on the glass substrate. The type of the particle found nanoparticles with different doping concentrations of Eu2O3. The optical energy gap increases with the increase of doping concentration and it varies from 2.67 eV to 2.71 eV. The prepared thin films are used to fabricate sensor against nitrogen dioxide gas. The dependence of sensitivity and response time on doping ratio and operation temperature of gas sensors has been studied, the maximum sensitivity was about 100%, the response time is equal to 24s and recovery time 16s for V2O5 doped 2% Eu2O3 at 50 °C.
Charge density distributions and electron scattering form factors of 19F, 27Al and 25Mg nuclei
Authors: Mahmood Raghad Imad
Published: August 2020

An effective two-body density operator for point nucleon system folded with two-body correlation functions, which take account of the effect of the strong short range repulsion and the strong tensor force in the nucleon-nucleon forces, is produced and used to derive an explicit form for ground state two-body charge density distributions (2BCDD's) and elastic electron scattering form factors F (q) for 19F, 27Al and 25Mg nuclei. It is found that the inclusion of the two-body short range correlations (SRC) has the feature of reducing the central part of the 2BCDD's significantly and increasing the tail part of them slightly, i.e. it tends to increase the probability of transferring the protons from the central region of the nucleus towards its surface and to increase the root mean square charge radius ˂ r 2˃ 1/2 of the nucleus and then makes the nucleus to be less rigid than the case when there is no (SRC). It is also found that the effects of two body tensor correlations (TCs) on 2BCDD's and ˂ r 2˃ 1/2 are in opposite direction to those of (SRC).
Refractive index sensor based on a solid-core photonic crystal fiber interferometer
Authors: Salman Nawras Ali
Published: August 2020

Photonic crystal fiber interferometers are widely used for sensing applications. In this work, solid core-Photonic crystal fiber based on Mach-Zehnder modal interferometer for sensing refractive index was presented. The general structure of sensor applied by splicing short lengths of PCF in both sides with conventional single mode fiber (SMF-28). To apply modal interferometer theory; collapsing technique based on fusion splicing used to excite higher order modes (LP01 and LP11). Laser diode (1550 nm) has been used as a pump light source. Where a high sensitive optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) was used to monitor and record the transmitted. The experimental work shows that the interference spectrum of Photonic crystal fiber interferometer exhibits good sensitivity to refractive index variations. The response of the PCFI is observed for a range of refractive index values from (1.33 to 1.38), the position of the interference peaks is found to be shifted to longer wavelength with refractive index increasing. A different length of PCFs (2, 3, 4) cm were used, and the maximum refractive index sensitivity of (7.5 pm / RIU) is achieved with a PCF length of 4 cm. This refractive index sensor has distinguished properties as that it small size, high sensitivity, fast response time, design flexibility, and immunity to electromagnetic interference.
Photoinduced interfacial charge transfer processes in solar photocatalysis degradation of methylene blue using nanostructured ZnO
Authors: AL- Bawi Zainab F.
Published: August 2020

In this research, design of advanced material for sunlight conversion requires focused research to obtain efficient photocatalytic system. Nanostructured ZnO was synthesized using spin coating technique. The structural, morphological and optical properties of annealed nanostructured ZnO thin film at 390 Co for 3 hours were characterized by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope AFM and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Nanostructured ZnO was applied for removal Methylene Blue (MB) dye from water using sunlight induced photocatalytic process. Overall degradation of MB/ZnO was achieved after 120 minutes of sunlight irradiation while it needs more time for MB alone. The reaction rate constant fit pseudo first order for MB/ZnO degradation was 0.031 min−1 compared to 0.018 min-1 using blank sample. Annealed nanostructured ZnO thin film was considered as an excellent candidate to enhance photocatalytic system to convert sunlight to chemical energy based on interfacial charges transfer.
Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanospheres by catalytic CVD method
Authors: Gbashi Kadhim Rashid
Published: August 2020

Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) were successfully prepared and synthesized by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) by using camphor as carbon source only, over iron Cobalt (Fe-Co) saturated zeolite at temperature between (700 oC and 900 °C), with different concentrations of camphor, and reaction time. The synthesized CNSs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The carbon spheres in different sizes between 100 nm and 1000 nm were investigated. This work has done by two parts, first preparation of the metallic catalyst and second part formation CNSs by heat treatment.
Enhancement the sensitivity of humidity sensor based on an agarose infiltration reflection-type photonic crystal fiber interferometer
Authors: Hassan Hassan F.
Published: August 2020

Photonic Crystal Fiber Interferometers (PCFIs) are widely used for sensing applications. This work presents the fabrication and study the characterization of a relative humidity sensor based on a polymer-infiltrated photonic crystal fiber that operates in a Mach- Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) reflection mode. The fabrication of the sensor only involves splicing and cleaving Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) with Single Mode Fiber (SMF). A stub of (LMA-10) PCF spliced to SMF (Corning-28). In the splice regions. The PCFI sensor operation based on the adsorption and desorption of water vapour at the silica-air interface within the PCF. The sensor shows a high sensitivity to RH variations from (27% RH - 95% RH), with a change in its reflected power and the position of the interference peaks is found to be shifted that the interference pattern with a 100 nm span can be observed with high humidity sensitivity of (8.49 pm / %RH) is achieved with compact (4mm) PCF length . The sensor has the advantages for suitable for monitoring humidity in microenvironments. The repeatability, long-term stability, measurement accuracy. Wide humidity range. The response time of the sensor is found to be 1.4 sec for a change in RH of 50 %RH. The fast response time suggests that the sensor can potentially be used as a human breath rate monitor in a clinical situation.
Synthesis and characterization of Au nanoparticles for nanomedicine application
Authors: Mytlak Falah A-H.
Published: August 2020

Gold nanoparticles AuNPs have proven to be powerful tools in various nanomedicine applications, because of their photo-optical distinctiveness and biocompatibility. Noble metal gold nanoparticles was prepared by pulsed laser ablation method (1064-Nd: YAG with various Laser power from 200 to 800 mJ and 1 Hz frequency) in distil water. The process was characterized using UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. Morphology and average size of nanoparticles were estimated using AFM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which show the nature of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Antibacterial activity of gold nanoparticles as a function of particles concentration against gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli and gram positive bacterial Staphylococcus aureus was carried out in solid growth media. Gold nanoparticles show high antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition. Antibacterial activities of the synthesized Au nanoparticles were assessed by agar well diffusion method. The stabilized AuNPs exhibited excellent antibacterial sensitivity (12-27 mm) to E. coli and (26-38mm) to Staph aureus.
Effect of gas flow rate on plasma temperature and electron density of atmospheric argon plasma jet
Authors: Aadim Kadhim A.
Published: August 2020

In this study, method for experimentally determining the electron density (ne) and the electron temperature (Te) in the atmospheric Argon plasma jet is used; it is based on optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Boltzmann plot method used to calculate these parameters measured for different values of gas flow rate. The results show that the electron temperature decreasing with the increase of gas flow rate also indicates an increasing in the electron density of plasma jet with increasing of gas flow rate.