bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors controlling the oxygen isotopic composition of lacustrine authigenic carbonates in Western China: implications for paleoclimate reconstructions
Authors: Li Huashu , Liu Xingqi , Tripati Aradhna , Feng Shengnan , Elliott Ben , Whicker Chloe , Arnold Alexandrea , Kelley Anne Marie
Published: October 2020

In the carbonate-water system, at equilibrium, the oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate is dependent not only on the temperature but also on the isotopic composition of host water in which the carbonate is formed. In this study, lake surface sediment and water samples were collected from 33 terminal lakes in Western China to evaluate controls on the oxygen isotopic composition of lacustrine authigenic carbonates (δ18Ocarb) and its spatial distribution. Our results show that water oxygen isotopic composition (δ18Owater) rather than lake summer water temperature (Twater), is the main determinant of δ18Ocarb, irrespective of whether oxygen isotope equilibrium is achieved. There are significant linear correlations between δ18Ocarband elevation, as well as that between δ18Ocarband latitude for lakes located on the Tibetan Plateau. In Western China, the spatial distribution of δ18Ocarbis consistent with that of δ18Owater, and is ultimately controlled by the isotopic composition of local precipitation (δ18Oprecipitation) that depends on the source of water vapor. Therefore, changes in δ18Ocarbcan be predominantly interpreted as variations of δ18Owater, which in turn represent changes in δ18Oprecipitationfor paleoclimate reconstructions in this region, and may be relevant to studies of other areas.
Heterogeneous optoelectronic characteristics of Si micropillar arrays fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching
Authors: Qian Yang , Magginetti David J. , Jeon Seokmin , Yoon Yohan , Olsen Tony L. , Wang Maoji , Gerton Jordan M. , Yoon Heayoung P.
Published: October 2020

Recent progress achieved in metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) has enabled the production of high-quality micropillar arrays for various optoelectronic applications. Si micropillars produced by MACE often show a porous Si/SiOx shell on crystalline pillar cores introduced by local electrochemical reactions. In this paper, we report the distinct optoelectronic characteristics of the porous Si/SiOx shell correlated to their chemical compositions. Local photoluminescent (PL) images obtained with an immersion oil objective lens in confocal microscopy show a red emission peak (≈ 650 nm) along the perimeter of the pillars that is threefold stronger compared to their center. On the basis of our analysis, we find an unexpected PL increase (≈ 540 nm) at the oil/shell interface. We suggest that both PL enhancements are mainly attributed to the porous structures, a similar behavior observed in previous MACE studies. Surface potential maps simultaneously recorded with topography reveal a significantly high surface potential on the sidewalls of MACE-synthesized pillars (+ 0.5 V), which is restored to the level of planar Si control (− 0.5 V) after removing SiOx in hydrofluoric acid. These distinct optoelectronic characteristics of the Si/SiOx shell can be beneficial for various sensor architectures.
Changes in physical activity and risk of fracture: a Korean nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Han Sangsoo , Jang Hae-Dong , Choi Sungwoo , Kim Gi Deok , Han Kyungdo , Lim Hyunwoong , Koo Bongmo , Min Kyung Dae , Hong Jae-Young
Published: October 2020

Physical activity (PA) is one of the most important modifiable factors associated with fracture risk. However, the association between interval changes in PA and the risk of fracture remains unknown. We investigated the risk of fracture development according to interval changes in PA in middle aged and older individuals. In this nationwide cohort study of adults aged ≥ 40 years, more than 4.9 million individuals without fractures within the last year who underwent two consecutive national health screenings in Korea from 2009 to 2012 were identified. The risk of fracture between 2013 and 2016 according to interval changes in regular PA was prospectively analyzed. Compared to individuals with a continuous lack of PA, those with a decrease in PA (0.41/1000 person-years (PY) decrease in incidence rate (IR); adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.975; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.964–0.987), increase in PA (1.8/1000 PY decrease in IR; aHR 0.948; 95% CI 0.937–0.959), and continuous PA (3.58/1000 PY decrease in IR; aHR 0.888; 95% CI 0.875–0.901) had a significantly reduced risk of fracture. Interval changes in regular PA were associated with risk of fracture. Individuals who engaged in continuous regular PA exhibited the maximum protective benefit against fracture.
Cytotoxic activity of bromodomain inhibitor NVS-CECR2-1 on human cancer cells
Authors: Park Seul Gi , Lee Daye , Seo Hye-Ran , Lee Shin-Ai , Kwon Jongbum
Published: October 2020

Bromodomain (BRD), a protein module that recognizes acetylated lysine residues on histones and other proteins, has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target for human diseases such as cancer. While most of the studies have been focused on inhibitors against BRDs of the bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins, non-BET family BRD inhibitors remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated a potential anticancer activity of the recently developed non-BET family BRD inhibitor NVS-CECR2-1 that targets the cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 2 (CECR2). We show that NVS-CECR2-1 inhibits chromatin binding of CECR2 BRD and displaces CECR2 from chromatin within cells. NVS-CECR2-1 exhibits cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cells, killing SW48 colon cancer cells in particular with a submicromolar half maximum inhibition value mainly by inducing apoptosis. The sensitivity of the cancer cells to NVS-CECR2-1 is reduced by CECR2 depletion, suggesting that NVS-CECR2-1 exerts its activity by targeting CECR2. Interestingly, our data show that NVS-CECR2-1 also kills cancer cells by CECR2-independent mechanism. This study reports for the first time the cancer cell cytotoxic activity for NVS-CECR2-1 and provides a possibility of this BRD inhibitor to be developed as an anticancer therapeutic agent.
Pubertal maturation and weight status are associated with dyslipidemia among children and adolescents in Northwest China
Authors: Cao Juan , Zhang Ling , Li Jing , Sun Lijiao , Liu Shanghong , Zhang Jianjun , Zhao Haiping
Published: October 2020

Dyslipidemia is one of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia can reduce cardiovascular disease risk. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Ningxia, China to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with body mass index (BMI) and pubertal stage. A total of 1783 students were selected from middle schools and high schools in September 2014 using stratified random cluster sampling. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by using MOL-300 automatic biochemical analyzer with associated kits. The prevalence of adolescents with one abnormal serum lipid component was 43.2% and was significantly different across three pubertal stages (p < 0.0001). The abnormal rates of HDL-C and TG increased as the students maturated through the early, middle, and late stages of puberty (all p < 0.0001). Similar results were obtained when separate analyses were performed for boys and girls. In linear regression analysis, BMI was positively associated with serum levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG, but inversely associated with serum levels of HDL-C after the adjustment for age, sex, and race. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, obesity was associated with an increased risk of developing high TC, while pubertal maturation was associated with an elevated risk of experiencing low HDL-C and high TG (all p < 0.05). In conclusions, dyslipidemia is common in an adolescent population of Northwest China and its prevalence rates substantially vary with weight status and pubertal stage.
Long-term PM2.5 exposure and the clinical application of machine learning for predicting incident atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kim In-Soo , Yang Pil-Sung , Jang Eunsun , Jung Hyunjean , You Seng Chan , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Pak Hui-Nam , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Kim Jong-Youn , Joung Boyoung
Published: October 2020

Clinical impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on incident atrial fibrillation (AF) had not been well studied. We used integrated machine learning (ML) to build several incident AF prediction models that include average hourly measurements of PM2.5 for the 432,587 subjects of Korean general population. We compared these incident AF prediction models using c-index, net reclassification improvement index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI). ML using the boosted ensemble method exhibited a higher c-index (0.845 [0.837–0.853]) than existing traditional regression models using CHA2DS2-VASc (0.654 [0.646–0.661]), CHADS2 (0.652 [0.646–0.657]), or HATCH (0.669 [0.661–0.676]) scores (each p < 0.001) for predicting incident AF. As feature selection algorithms identified PM2.5 as a highly important variable, we applied PM2.5 for predicting incident AF and constructed scoring systems. The prediction performances significantly increased compared with models without PM2.5 (c-indices: boosted ensemble ML, 0.954 [0.949–0.959]; PM-CHA2DS2-VASc, 0.859 [0.848–0.870]; PM-CHADS2, 0.823 [0.810–0.836]; or PM-HATCH score, 0.849 [0.837–0.860]; each interaction, p < 0.001; NRI and IDI were also positive). ML combining readily available clinical variables and PM2.5 data was found to predict incident AF better than models without PM2.5 or even established risk prediction approaches in the general population exposed to high air pollution levels.
Myanmar Burkholderia pseudomallei strains are genetically diverse and originate from Asia with phylogenetic evidence of reintroductions from neighbouring countries
Authors: Webb Jessica R. , Win Mo Mo , Zin Khwar Nyo , Win Kyi Kyi Nyein , Wah Thin Thin , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Smithuis Frank , Swe Myo Maung Maung , Mayo Mark , Currie Bart J. , Dance David A. B.
Published: October 2020

Melioidosis was first identified in Myanmar in 1911 but for the last century it has remained largely unreported there. Burkholderia pseudomallei was first isolated from the environment of Myanmar in 2016, confirming continuing endemicity. Recent genomic studies showed that B. pseudomallei originated in Australia and spread to Asia, with phylogenetic evidence of repeated reintroduction of B. pseudomallei across countries bordered by the Mekong River and the Malay Peninsula. We present the first whole-genome sequences of B. pseudomallei isolates from Myanmar: nine clinical and seven environmental isolates. We used large-scale comparative genomics to assess the genetic diversity, phylogeography and potential origins of B. pseudomallei in Myanmar. Global phylogenetics demonstrated that Myanmar isolates group in two distantly related clades that reside in a more ancestral Asian clade with high amounts of genetic diversity. The diversity of B. pseudomallei from Myanmar and divergence within our global phylogeny suggest that the original introduction of B. pseudomallei to Myanmar was not a recent event. Our study provides new insights into global patterns of B. pseudomallei dissemination, most notably the dynamic nature of movement of B. pseudomallei within densely populated Southeast Asia. The role of anthropogenic influences in both ancient and more recent dissemination of B. pseudomallei to Myanmar and elsewhere in Southeast Asia and globally requires further study.
Author Correction: Statistical modeling-approach for optimization of Cu2+ biosorption by Azotobacter nigricans NEWG-1; characterization and application of immobilized cells for metal removal
Authors: Ghoniem Abeer Abdulkhalek , El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady , Saber WesamEldin I. A. , El-Hersh Mohammed S. , El-khateeb Ayman Y.
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Spinel copper–iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles with cooperative Cu(i) and Cu(ii) sites for enhancing the catalytic transformation of 1,2-propanediol to lactic acid under anaerobic conditions
Authors: Feng Yonghai , Lu Congming , Wang Huijie , Meng Minjia , Zhang Yunlei , Rao Dewei , Liu Lei , Yin Hengbo
Published: October 2020

The synergy between Cu(i) and Cu(ii) sites in spinel CuFeOx magnetic nanoparticles contributes to the significant enhancement in catalytic 1,2-propanediol transformation into lactic acid.
Recent advances in additive manufacturing of engineering thermoplastics: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Picard Maisyn , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri
Published: October 2020

There are many limitations within three-dimensional (3D) printing that hinder its adaptation into industries such as biomedical, cosmetic, processing, automotive, aerospace, and electronics.
A coumarin derivative-Cu2+ complex-based fluorescent chemosensor for detection of biothiols
Authors: Hien Nguyen Khoa , Van Bay Mai , Tran Phan Diem , Khanh Nguyen Tan , Luyen Nguyen Dinh , Vo Quan V. , Van Dang Ung , Nam Pham Cam , Quang Duong Tuan
Published: October 2020

This study opens a new research direction towards the utilization of complexes between metal ions and fluorescent ligands for the detection of biothiols based on the theoretical calculations of stability constants.
Label-free detection of creatinine using nitrogen-passivated fluorescent carbon dots
Authors: Kainth Shagun , Maity Banibrata , Basu Soumen
Published: October 2020

The role of passivation in CDs using different nitrogen precursors to evaluate its sensing proficiency towards creatinine quantification.
A biotin-guided hydrogen sulfide fluorescent probe and its application in living cell imaging
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhang Jiewen , Xu Zhiqiang , Zang Kun , Liu Feng , Yin Jun , Tan Ying , Jiang Yuyang
Published: October 2020

A biotin-guided hydrogen sulfide fluorescent probe has been shown clearly to possess the ability to target cancer cells.
New ferromagnetic half-metallic perovskites for spintronic applications: BaMO3 (M = Mg and Ca)
Authors: Mir Shabir Ahmad , Seh Ab Quyoom , Gupta Dinesh C.
Published: October 2020

Herein, first principles computer-based simulations were performed to predict the ground-state structure, mechanical stability, and magneto-electronic properties of BaMO3 (M = Mg and Ca) perovskites, which have not been experimentally synthesized to date.
Recent advances in the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters by sustainable polymerization: lipase-catalyzed polymerization
Authors: Liu Ying , Song Lijie , Feng Na , Jiang Wei , Jin Yongri , Li Xuwen
Published: October 2020

Over the past three decades, enzymatic polymerization has dramatically developed and gradually broadened as a creative methodology in the construction of polymeric materials with tailor-made structures and properties.
The reaction of potassium xanthates with five-membered cyclic carbonates: selectivity of the underlying cascade reactions and mechanistic insights
Authors: Rumyantsev Misha , Korablev Ilia A. , Rumyantsev Sergey
Published: October 2020

In this paper we describe the reaction between potassium xanthates and common five-membered cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) with special focus on mechanisms of the underlied cascad transformations.
Tensile behavior of non-crosslinked networks of athermal fibers in the presence of entanglements and friction
Authors: Negi V. , Picu R. C.
Published: October 2020

A geometric definition of entanglements in athermal random networks is proposed and is linked to the network stiffness. Entanglements produce a self-equilibrated stress which increases the stiffness.
Highly luminescent biocompatible CsPbBr3@SiO2 core–shell nanoprobes for bioimaging and drug delivery
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Patel Madhumita , Park Chanho , Han Hyowon , Jeong Beomjin , Kang Hansol , Patel Rajkumar , Koh Won-Gun , Park Cheolmin
Published: October 2020

A facile approach for the highly luminescent and biocompatible CsPbBr3@SiO2 core–shell PNCs was developed. The dual biological roles of these PNCs are demonstrated, offering new directions to the stable PNCs for a variety of biomedical applications.
Deep-blue fluorescent emitter based on a 9,9-dioctylfluorene bridge with a hybridized local and charge-transfer excited state for organic light-emitting devices with EQE exceeding 8%
Authors: Liu Xing , Liu Wen , Dongyu Wu , Wei Xiaozhen , Wang Long , Wang Hua , Miao Yanqin , Xu Huixia , Yu Junsheng , Xu Bingshe
Published: October 2020

The doped device of TPA-DFCP exhibits excellent deep-blue emission with the EL emission peak at 436 nm and the CIE coordinates at (0.153, 0.077), and excellent EL performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.30%.
Concrete perovskites for fabricating high-quality micro-laser arrays
Authors: Zhang Haihua , Chen Tiantian , Fu Hongbing
Published: October 2020

Hybrid Concrete-like perovskites (CPs) of CsPbBr3@MABr were designed to obtain high-quality whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) and Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity arrays for lasing.
Advances in biotechnology and propagation of nut trees in Iran
Authors: Vahdati Kourosh , Arab Mohammad Mehdi , Sarikhani Saadat
Published: October 2020

As one of the main origin centers of nut trees, Iran is the fourth leading nut crops producer in the world (6% of total nut production). Due to the high genetic diversity, development of new varieties and rootstocks with desirable characteristics have been highly considered by fruit breeders in Iran. In this regard, molecular breeders concentrate on filling the gaps in the conventional breeding with the aim of accelerating breeding programs. Recent advancements in molecular breeding such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, high-throughput genotyping platforms and genomics-based approaches including genome wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection (GS) have opened up new avenues to enhance the efficiency of nut trees breeding. Over the past decades, Iranian nut crops breeders have successfully used advanced molecular and genomic tools such as molecular markers, genetic transformations and high-throughput genotyping to explore the genetic basis of the desired traits and eventually to develop new varieties and rootstocks. Due to a broad international cooperation, a clear perspective is envisaged for the nut breeding programs in Iran, especially based on new biotechnology techniques. The propagation of nut trees in Iran have also been dramatically improved. Different types of grafting and tissue culture (micropropagation or somatic embryogenesis) techniques for propagation of nut crops have been studied intensively in the last 30 years in Iran and the successful techniques have been commercialized. Several certified nurseries are producing grafted and micropropagation plants of walnut, pistachio and other nut crops commercially. A part of the grafted and micropropagaited plants of nut crops in Iran is being exported to the other countries. Establishing modern orchards of nut crops using new cultivars and rootsocks is presently being advised by professional consultants.
Using the genetic diversity of the Malus genus to solve the priority areas of breeding
Authors: Ulyanovskaya Elena , Belenko Evgenia
Published: October 2020

The breeding use of the most valuable species and interspecies forms of fruit plants remains currently the most important biological resource for creating the varieties with increased adaptability to the complex of abioand biotic stressors of the environment, improved biochemical composition of fruits and with other important features for breeding. The results of a long-term study (2005-2019) of interspecific hybrid forms of apple-tree-representatives of the Malus genus, growing in the North Caucasus Region of Russia are presented. The aim of the study is to identify the most rapid and productive interspecific hybrid forms of apple-tree with polygenic and oligogenic types of scab resistance (Venturia inaequalis (Cook) G. Winter). Modern breeding programs and methods were used. We have identified the early-fruiting interspecies apple forms created with the participation of the summer Melba variety, the species of M. purpurea. It is allocated the elite and selected apple forms resistant to scab with a high average yield (29.03-40.03 t/ha), high indicators of total yield (377.27-520.33 t/he) from hybrid families with the participation of species: M. atrosanguinea 804/240-57, M. floribunda 821, M. purpurea and the large-fruited form No. 62 (created with the participation of Golden Delicious 4x, Wolf River, M. atrosanguinea 804/240-57) with fruits of 202.3 g an average weight.
Electronic system for documentation of the grape gene pool for assessing the ecological potential of varieties and their use in breeding
Authors: Ilina Irina , Petrov Valeriy , Popova Daria , Sokolova Viktoriya , Machneva Irina
Published: October 2020

The need to create a multifunctional electronic system for documentation of the grape gene pool, focused on the characteristics of its ecological potential, has been updated. The step-by-step development of the system architecture of the grape gene pool documentation program, including the program interface, is presented. As the characteristics that most fully describe the economically valuable characteristics of grape varieties, 85 indicators were selected, and they were grouped according to functional characteristics into 9 groups. The logical structure was created and the physical design of the database was carried out. An electronic information Database has been formed, the development of which is focused on the characteristics of the obtained potential of genotypes carrying breeding significant traits, their classification, certification and areas of use. In the process of research, the screening of the grape gene pool by environmental parameters was carried out, which are based on analytical methods grouped that make it possible to obtain a complex of physiological and biochemical indicators characterizing the resistance of plants to extreme stress factors of the environment. To implement the task of varieties selection according to specified criterions, three algorithms are implemented depending on the type and user requirements for the selected varieties. In view of the environment stress full increasing and the need to focus on the ecological characteristics of varieties, the algorithms for their assessment have been developed with a focus on weather and climatic peculiarity. In order to rank variety forms according to the degree of resistance to dehydration and extreme low and high temperatures, a scale of tester varieties (standards) from low to highly resistant has been developed. The original own scale is proposed to assess every type of resistance.
Wild grapes of Kuban, their ecological and biological features of growth
Authors: Gorbunov Ivan , Mikhailovskiy Stanislav , Byhalova Olga
Published: October 2020

The biodiversity of the Vitaceae Juss family is studied with more interest than before, but still not fully according to the current scientific literature. For example, indigenous varieties and wild forms of grapes are known in the Crimea, Dagestan, along the banks of the Don and in other regions, but there is practically no data about wild and autochthonic grapes in the Kuban. This work presents new data about wild grapes studied in the Krasnodar region in the forests of the “Red forest” reserve. The ecological and geographical conditions of their growth are studied in detail. The description of plant community where the studied plant forms grow is conducted. Isolated populations of wild grapes, presumably belonging to the species of Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris Gmel. or its varieties - var. Tipica Negr. (typical wild forest grapes) were ampelographically studied. Samples were taken for further genetic analysis to identify the origin of these forms and identify promising donors of resistance to various environmental stressors for use in the breeding process.
Study of the unknown vine genotype found in Abkhazia
Authors: Ilnitskaya Elena , Makarkina Marina , Stepanov Ilya , Avidzba Madina , Malandzia Viсtor
Published: October 2020

The territory of Abkhazia belongs to the region of origin of the cultivated grapevine. Wild forms, intermediate forms between wild and cultivated grapevines and a variety of local native cultivars grow here. In the one of the private yards, a grapevine was found, the name and exact origin of which is not known. The vine showed no signs of fungal diseases in the humid conditions of the region during the absence of chemical treatment. The grape harvest was used to make red wine. DNA-fingerprinting of the unknown genotype was performed to determine its origin. Analysis of the identified DNA profile for 9 SSR loci in the international VIVC database did not reveal coincides with any known cultivar. The methods of Principal coordinates analysis and Bayesian analysis were used to compare the unknown genotype with the genotypes of Vitis vinifera L of several geographic groups and varieties - interspecific hybrids. The closest genotype to the unknown form is the variety Isabella (V. labrusca L. × V. vinifera L).
The evaluation of adaptation systems for apricot culture in the phases of its development for selection improvement and location of the future varieties in conditions of climate fluctuation
Authors: Dragavtseva Irina , Salova Tatiana , Kuznetsova Anna , Klyukina Anna
Published: October 2020

Apricot is one of the most valuable fruit cultures. This is a minor culture in Russia and other countries primarily because of irregular fruit-bearing by the reason of its flower buds death in the winter and spring period, caused by the low temperatures. The increased regularity of its fruit-bearing may be achieved in two primary ways: the creation of new varieties, more resistant to the temperature fluctuations of the winter and spring period and their rational allocation in the zones and microzones of the growing territories. The solution of both set tasks calls for the knowledge of protective and adaptive reactions of genotypes in the stages of their development. The investigations of the last years showed the levels of agricultural plants productivity to be determined not only by the genes of quantitative characters, but to significant extent by the effects of their interaction with environment at the different stages of the plants development. As a new factor of outdoor environment, limiting the growth and development of plants becomes evident, the spectrum and number of genes, determining one and the same quantitative character (freezing tolerance in this case) is changed at the particular stage of development on a particular territory. The climatic change permits to analyze more profoundly the regularities in manifestation of genotype peculiarities in phenotype. The response of apricot culture (Armeniaca vulgaris) to display of the winter temperature stresses in the different stages of temporal (1990-2019) and spatial - Krasnodar and Stavropol Territory, Kabardino-Balkar Republic and Kazakhstan - development was studied. The analysis was undertaken for the new terms of deadly temperatures occurrence at the different stages of development. There was studied mechanism of the apricot culture biological potential realization in the new temperature conditions in the phases of winter and spring period, permitting to open the more efficient process of apricot selection for freezing tolerance and its rational location.
The influence of downy mildew tolerance of grape varieties on the biosynthesis of stilbenes in callus as potential sources of bioactive substances
Authors: Lutsky Eugene , Fedorovich Svyatoslav , Vyalkov Vadim , Sundyreva Maria
Published: October 2020

Stilbenes represent a considerable practical interest in relation to their benifits to the human health. Callus culture of the grape, which is a natural producer of stilbenes, can serve as an effective source of these compounds. Grape’s resistance to biotic environmental stress conditions is associated with the synthesis and conversion of stilbenes, therefore the aim of the current study was to determine an interrelation between the tolerance of grape varieties to downy mildew and stilbene biosynthesis in the callus culture. Obtained results showed that there was no link between variety’s tolerance to downy mildew and content of stilbenes, chalcones and phenoloxydising enzymes in callus. Presence of the stress impact is a necessary condition for the initiation of the variety-specific synthesis of stilbenes. Callus of varieties, in which stilbenes content was higher, was characterized by a lowered expression of the chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase relative to expression of genes of the stilbene synthase and phenylalanine ammonia liase, which confirms an interrelation between reduced competition for the substrate between two biosynthesis branches of chalcones and stilbenes with production of the latter.
Identification of red grape varieties by anthocyanin profile
Authors: Andreeva Veronica
Published: October 2020

The presence of anthocyans was studied to determine the anthocyanin profile as a tool for distinguishing grapes of the Don region of autochthonous and hybrid varieties of ARRIVW breeding and other hybrid varieties for isolation and identifying typical characteristics. The composition of anthocyans depends on both the variety and the grape habitat. The presence of 3.5-diglucosides in hybrid varieties was established.
Genealogical analysis of large-fruited sweet cherry varieties in accordance with the S-locus of parental forms, and the pattern of inheritance of large-fruited in the presence of S5 and S9 alleles in the genome
Authors: Eremina Oksana , Eremin Victor , Smirnov Roman
Published: October 2020

The use of various molecular techniques greatly assists breeders in the selection of parental pairs in directional crossing. The selection of forms with the desired properties at the stage of hybrid progeny is a very laborious work, especially in the selection of fruit crops. This is due to the long life cycle and the impossibility of identifying valuable traits in the first years of the life of a hybrid plant. The use of the definition of S-loci in the genotype of a hybrid of sweet cherry allows at the early stage, before entering fruiting, to isolate genotypes with valuable traits.
Influence of concentration and ratio of macro elements in culture medium on the regeneration of grape meristemsin vitro
Authors: Rebrov Anton
Published: October 2020

The results of studies on the development of culture medium for initiation grape meristems into in vitro culture in order to increase their regenerative capacity during recovery from chronic diseases are presented. In the improved medium, in comparison with analogs, the total content of macro salts was reduced and their ratio was optimized, taking into account their consumption and the characteristics of their absorption from the nutrient solution by the grape plant. In the course of testing the new culture medium, its effectiveness has been established for grape varieties from various ecological and geographical groups. A higher and more stable percentage of survival and regeneration of extremely small meristems have been established against the background of various modifications of the recipe for the traditionally used culture medium of Murashige and Skoog.
The technology of improving almond planting material tolerance to the salt stresses of soils based on experience in phytotron
Authors: Badran Antar , Savin Igor
Published: October 2020

There was studied impact of the bitter almond seeds preliminary steeping on the development of plants at the first stages of development in conditions of saline waters irrigation in the greenhouse experiment ambient in phytotron. It was established that steeping the seeds in excessive salt solution results in enhanced plants tolerance to the soil salinization and saline waters irrigation. This is evidenced by the obtained regularities of influence on the development of plants of biochemical character (content of proline, chlorophyll and carotinoids, total carbon); chemical (content of basic chemical elements); morphological (rate of the plants height and stalk diameter growth, leaf-area duration). The introduction of developed technology into nursery science will permit to improve the tolerance of seedlings to salinization of soils and irrigation waters.
EVAR: Open Surgical Repair Options for Persistent Type Ia Endoleaks
Authors: Salem Karim M. , Singh Michael J.
Published: October 2020

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a disease of the elderly which may result in aneurysm rupture if not treated in a timely manner. The incidence of AAA has increased in part due to patient and physician education, ultrasound screening, and liberal use of computed tomography imaging in conjunction with an aging population. Endovascular aneurysm repair has become the preferred treatment for surgeons and interventionalists. When endografts are placed outside of device-specific instructions for use, the risk of endoleak development is significantly increased. Open surgical repair of Type Ia endoleaks is recommended when endovascular options have been exhausted. Open surgical repair of Type Ia endoleaks provides acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality rates, long-term durability, and low reintervention rates when performed in the elective setting.
Effect of a Modified Irrigation Protocol on the Cleanliness of Moderately Curved Canals
Authors: Voegeli Garance , Bella Enrico Di , Mekki Mustapha , Machtou Pierre , Bouillaguet Serge
Published: October 2020

Objectives This study tested the hypothesis that modifying the sequence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)/ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) irrigation during root canal shaping would improve apical cleanliness in moderately curved canals.

Materials and Methods Forty-five root canals were prepared using Protaper Gold with three irrigation protocols. Standard irrigation (SI) used 0.5 mL 3% NaOCl between each instrument, followed by 5 mL 17% EDTA manually agitated for 30 seconds. Reverse irrigation (RI) used 0.5 mL of 17% EDTA between each instrument, then 5 mL of 3% NaOCl, manually agitated for 30 seconds. Reverse irrigation plus (RI+) was similar to RI, except NaOCl (5 mL), used as a final rinse, was allowed to interact for 3 minutes with dentin before manual agitation (30 seconds).

Root canal cleanliness was evaluated under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Hulsmann score); the chemical composition of dentin after irrigation was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).

Statistical Analysis Results were compared using Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA by ranks and Wilcoxon matched paired posthoc tests. A Chi-square test assessed whether the best cleanliness would demonstrate a significant association with one irrigation protocol; odds ratio calculation was performed using score “1” versus score “2 or more” (2+) (p < 0.05).

Results In the apical region, cleanliness was better in RI+ than SI and both significantly better than RI. Odd ratios indicate that the cleanliness in RI+ was significantly better than RI and SI groups (p < 0.000 and 0.003, respectively). Independently of the irrigation protocol, EDX analyses showed no chemical alteration of root dentin.

Conclusions Using 17% EDTA during shaping, followed by 3% NaOCl rinse for 3 minutes, improved apical cleanliness without inducing erosion of dentin.
Krankenhaushygiene: Lieferkettenoptimierung in der Sterilgutversorgung
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: October 2020

Hygieneschutzmaßnahmen haben nicht erst seit der Corona-Pandemie einen hohen Stellenwert in den Krankenhäusern – und somit ist die Sterilgutaufbereitung von jeher ein wichtiger Aspekt in den Kliniken. Der Beitrag geht darauf ein, wie die internen Unterstützungsprozesse der Sterilgutversorgung besser auf die Bedarfe der Klinikmitarbeiter zugeschnitten werden können.
Datenschutz im Klinikeinkauf: Vom richtigen Umgang mit Daten von Lieferanten, Dienstleistern und Kunden
Authors: Kühn Matthias
Published: October 2020

Einkäufer im Krankenhaus haben täglich mit personenbezogenen Daten zu tun. Damit das im Alltag rechtmäßig erfolgt, sind einige Vorbereitungen nötig, denn bei Datenschutzverstößen drohen kostspielige Konsequenzen. Für einen wirksamen Datenschutz im Alltag sind auch für den Klinikeinkauf technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen zur Datensicherheit und entsprechende Verhaltensrichtlinien zu etablieren.
Klnik Einkauf Online: Produktivitätssteigerung: Ohne Umwege zum eProcurement im Krankenhaus
Authors: Böhme Florian
Published: October 2020

Keine Scheu vor zu großem Aufwand! Florian Böhme, Director Amazon Business DACH, schreibt in seinem Beitrag auf Klinik Einkauf Online, wie die Digitalisierung den Einkauf im Krankenhaus zukunftsfähig macht. Online-Plattformen beispielsweise bieten Komfort und eine breite Produktpalette.
Si(111) electrode/electrolyte interfacial studied by in-situ second harmonic generation
Authors: Liu Cai-he , Bai Rui-peng , Bai Yu , Guo Yuan , Zhang Zhen
Published: October 2020

Si(111) electrode has been widely used in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical studies. The potential dependent measurements of the second harmonic generation (SHG) were performed to study Si(111) electrode interface. At different azimuthal angles of the Si(111) and under different polarization combinations, the curve of the intensity of SHG with extern potential has a different form of line or parabola. Quantitative analysis showed that these differences in the potential-dependence can be explained by the isotropic and anisotropic contribution of the Si(111) electrode. The change in the isotropic and anisotropic contribution of the Si(111) electrode may be attributed to the increase in the doping concentration of Si(111) electrodes.
Molecular dynamics studies of interactions between Arg9(nona-arginine) and a DOPC/DOPG(4:1) membrane
Authors: Choe Seungho
Published: October 2020

It has been known that the uptake mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) depend on the experimental conditions such as the concentration of peptides, lipid composition, and temperature. In this study, we investigate the temperature dependence of the penetration of Arg9s into a DOPC/DOPG(4:1) membrane using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at two different temperatures, T = 310 K and T = 288 K. Although it is difficult to identify the temperature dependence because of having only one single simulation at each temperature and no evidence of translocation of Arg9s across the membrane at both temperatures, our simulations suggest that following are strongly correlated with the penetration of Arg9s: a number of water molecules coordinated by Arg9s and the electrostatic energy between Arg9s and the lipid molecules. We also present how Arg9s change a bending rigidity of the membrane and how a collective behavior between Arg9s enhances the penetration and the membrane bending. Our analyses can be applicable to any CPPs to investigate their interactions with various membranes using MD simulations.
Anisotropic behavior of excitons in single-crystal α-SnS
Authors: Le Van Long , Cuong Do Duc , Nguyen Hoang Tung , Nguyen Xuan Au , Kim Bogyu , Kim Kyujin , Lee Wonjun , Hong Soon Cheol , Kim Tae Jung , Kim Young Dong
Published: October 2020

We investigate analytically the anisotropic dielectric properties of single-crystal α-SnS near the fundamental absorption edge by considering atomic orbitals. Most striking is the excitonic feature in the armchair- (b-) axis direction, which is particularly prominent at low temperatures. To determine the origin of this anisotropy, we perform first-principles calculations using the GW0 Bethe–Salpeter equation including the electron–hole interaction. The results show that the anisotropic dielectric characteristics are a direct result of the natural anisotropy of p orbitals. In particular, this dominant excitonic feature originates from the py orbital at the saddle point in the Γ–Y region.
Energy transport characteristics of converging Richtmyer–Meshkov instability
Authors: Fu Yaowei , Yu Changping , Li Xinliang
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability in spherical and cylindrical converging geometries with a Mach number of about 1.5 is investigated by using the direct numerical simulation method. The heavy fluid is sulfur hexafluoride, and the light fluid is nitrogen. The shock wave converges from the heavy fluid into the light fluid. The main focus is on the energy transport characteristics in the mixing layer during the entire development process from early instability to late-time turbulent mixing. First, the turbulence kinetic energy transport equation is analyzed, and it is found that the production and dissipation mechanisms of the turbulence induced by the spherical and cylindrical converging RM instabilities in the mixing layer are the same. The turbulent diffusion terms are crucial in the whole development processes of the mixing layers. Before the reflected shock waves transit the interfaces, the dissipation terms can be ignored relative to other terms, and after that, the dissipation terms are close to the production terms and play an important role. The compressibility terms are approximate to the production terms and promote the production of turbulence kinetic energy in the later stage. The viscous diffusion terms can be ignored throughout the process. Then, the enstrophy transport equation is researched, and it is found that, in the mixing layers, the baroclinicity terms play a leading role in the early stage, while the vortex stretching terms play a leading role in the later stage, and the vortex stretching term of the spherical converging geometry develops faster than that of the cylindrical converging geometry. The compressibility terms are positive in the early stage, which promote the production of enstrophy. After the reflected shock waves transit the interfaces, the compressibility terms become negative, which inhibit the production of enstrophy. In addition, the results of the present direct numerical simulation also show that the density fluctuation spectra in the centers of the mixing layers of the spherical and cylindrical converging RM instabilities present the obvious −5/3 scaling law.
Coupling sensitivity in concentric metal–insulator–semiconductor tunnel diodes by controlling the lateral injection electrons
Authors: Chen Kung-Chu , Hwu Jenn-Gwo
Published: October 2020

Coupling sensitivity between two Al–SiO2–pSi metal–insulator–semiconductor tunnel diodes (MISTDs) was examined by sweeping bias voltage on one MISTD and detecting ground current or floating voltage at another nearby MISTD with the substrate being grounded when performing the measurement. A strong coupling phenomenon between two concentric MISTDs was observed in this work. The experiment shows that the coupling sensitivities have a maximum value at a range of about −0.4 V to −0.7 V and turn to minimum at about the flat band voltage (∼−0.9 V) when bias was swept from 0 to −1 V. The simulation result also shows a maximum lateral diffuse current when the MISTD was biased at about −0.7 V and turns to a small value near the flat band voltage. It was speculated that the lateral electron flow due to piled-up injection electrons is the origin of the observed highly sensitive coupling phenomenon. A possible mechanism was proposed to explain the turnaround phenomenon.
Effect of applied load on the tribological properties of MoS2–TiL/MoS2–TiH nano-multilayer coating
Authors: Ying Puyou , Zhang Ping , Wu Jianbo , Huang Min , Lin Changhong , Wang Tianle , Fang Yihang , Levchenko Vladimir
Published: October 2020

MoS2–TiL/MoS2–TiH coating (L and H are low and high power of the sputtered Ti target) possesses excellent tribological properties owing to its nano-multilayer structure. In this study, the tribological properties of MoS2–TiL/MoS2–TiH coating were extensively analyzed at different loads. Relative to the MoS2–Ti monolayer coating, the nano-multilayer structure not only improved the wear resistance but also increased the critical load at which the coating began to peel off. The MoS2–Ti coating maintained its lubrication only in the early stage of the test even at a load of 2 N. In contrast, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the multilayer coating were small and stable until the load reached 20 N. The critical load of the optimized MoS2–TiL/MoS2–TiH coating was 10 times that of the MoS2–Ti coating. At excessive loads, the multilayer coating lost its lubrication in the early stage of the test because the coating was completely worn off under such loading.
Enhanced figure of merit in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 nanorods for piezoelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Song Jundong , Yamada Tomoaki , Okamoto Kazuki , Yoshino Masahito , Nagasaki Takanori
Published: October 2020

Piezoelectric energy harvesting based on nanorod arrays has attracted attention owing to the simple structure that has the potential to generate large output power. The decreased density of the nanorod array, compared to that of typical piezoelectric films, should achieve a larger figure of merit (FOM). However, the effect of the density of the nanorod array has been scarcely validated by direct experiments. In this study, we fabricated Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 nanorods by using an elevated growth rate during pulsed laser deposition and compared them with the film. The nanorods have the a/c-domain structure, which is consistent with the reference film, leading to a similar piezoelectric response. The lowered density of the nanorods caused an appreciable reduction in the effective dielectric constant, which significantly increased the effective FOM. As a result, FOM and available energy of the nanorods were 61% improved, compared to those of the film. The enhanced FOM of the nanorod indicates the prospective application of piezoelectric energy harvesting in off-resonant vibration environments.
Compressibility measurements reach white dwarf pressures
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: October 2020

With spherically converging shock waves, researchers can probe material properties under extreme conditions.
Human chorionic gonadotrophin does not induce ovulation in the tammar wallaby
Authors: Witt Ryan R. , Hinds Lyn A. , Rodger John C.
Published: October 2020

We investigated whether human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), rather than porcine luteinising hormone (pLH), could induce ovulation in the tammar wallaby (Notamacropus eugenii) after priming with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). pLH is effective, but is more expensive and supply is problematic. On Day 0 pouch young were removed (RPY) and 5mgkg−1 of bromocriptine mesylate was administered to all non-pregnant wallabies (n=12) to reactivate an oestrous cycle. On Day 20 RPY each female received 20IU PMSG i.m. and three days later (Day 23 RPY), the Single-Dose group (n=6) received 500IU of hCG suspended in oil at 0900 hours, and the Multi-Dose group (n=6) received 500IU of hCG at 0900, 1230 and 1630 hours. From Day 25 to Day 28 RPY copulatory plugs were observed in the Single-Dose (n=4 of 6; Day 25.3 to 28.3 RPY) and Multi-Dose (n=5 of 6; Day 25 to 28 RPY) groups. Autopsy on Day 31 RPY revealed that all females had reactivated, and despite all having large preovulatory follicles (4–6mm) in both ovaries, no ovulations or embryos were observed. We conclude that hCG is not an effective source of exogenous LH for the induction of ovulation in the tammar wallaby.