bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irish Families in the Twentieth Century: Exceptional or Converging?
Authors: Seward Rudy Ray , Stivers Richard A. , Igoe Donal G. , Amin Iftekhar , Cosimo Deborah
Published: October 2005

Irish families were characterized as being patriarchal, stem-extended, large, strong, and stable for much of the twentieth century. Studies completed during the 1930s and 1940s propagated this depiction. These characteristics made Irish families an exception to the convergence of family patterns going on worldwide. Historical scholarship and empirical data are used to assess the accuracy of this characterization, chart changing patterns, and compare changes in Irish families to families in Sweden and the United States. The stem-extended family reigned as an ideal type but Irish families emulating these characteristics were prevalent only briefly in rural western Ireland. Rapid, radical, and broad changes in Irish family patterns since the 1960s are heading toward convergence at a pace considered exceptional.
Kinship Networks, Local Government, and Elections in a Town in Southwest Germany, 1800-1850
Authors: Lipp Carola
Published: October 2005

This article is based on the thesis that kinship structures were an important element of communal politics and were thus inscribed into the political system of even early constitutionalism. The investigation presented covers an important change in the political culture from the Ancien Régime to the modern constitutional state in southwest Germany, and it raises the question of whether election processes affected traditional structures of representation based on kinship relationships and the ascription of political competence to an elite of notables. The analysis of kinship networks within the city council and city deputation, however, comes to the opposite conclusion—that kinship networks survive even in a system where each year people were newly elected. The analysis of voters’ alignments along kinship lines also demonstrates the power and persistence of kinship structures in the early nineteenth century and reflects the differences between kinship mobilization within agriculturally bound and urban artisan groups.
Moral Panic and Holland’s Libertine Youth of the 1650s and 1660s
Authors: Roberts Benjamin B. , Groenendijk Leendert F.
Published: October 2005

During the 1650s and 1660s, the Dutch Republic witnessed a wave of moral panic created by moralists. Every natural disaster, economic setback, and war that the Republic was involved in was considered to be a sign of God’s wrath on Holland’s newly acquired freedom, wealth, and secular society. Much of the finger-pointing was directed toward Holland’s young people, who were accused of being vain, defying the Sabbath, visiting the theater, gambling, drinking, and fornicating. These accusations were, however, misplaced. This article examines the moral crusade of the 1650s and 1660s, and discovers that moralists were more upset that the Dutch Republic became a secular society and did not evolve into a theocratic state or “Dutch Israel,” as they had hoped. Holland’s youth were used as a scapegoat to create moral panic among political leaders, so they would reform Holland’s secular society.
Interpreting Creation: Castoriadis and the Birth of Autonomy
Authors: Adams Suzi
Published: October 2005

This article critically considers Castoriadis’ central concept of creation ex nihilo. It does so in two ways. It first draws on recent research to suggest that the historical inauguration of the project of autonomy in ancient Greece - in both its political and philosophical aspects - was more complex and contextually anchored than Castoriadis acknowledges: it did not surge forth out of nothing. Second, it considers the idea of creation from a theoretical perspective. Here the idea of creation as contextual rather than absolute is offered. Within this suggested qualification, two lines of discussion - drawn from the hermeneutical and phenomenological traditions - are broached.
From the Imaginary to Subjectivation: Castoriadis and Touraine on the Performative Public Sphere
Authors: Tucker Kenneth H.
Published: October 2005

Neither Habermas nor his communitarian and poststructuralist critics sufficiently explore the non-linguistic, playful, and performative dimensions of contemporary public spheres. I argue that the approaches of Castoriadis and Touraine can inform a theoretical understanding of the history and current resonance of this public sphere of performance. Their concepts of the social imaginary, the autonomous society, and subjectivation highlight the role of fantasy, images, individualism, and other non-rational factors in late modern public life.
Bauman, Liquid Modernity and Dilemmas of Development
Authors: Lee Raymond L. M.
Published: October 2005

The concept of liquid modernity proposed by Zygmunt Bauman suggests a rapidly changing order that undermines all notions of durability. It implies a sense of rootlessness to all forms of social construction. In the field of development, such a concept challenges the meaning of modernization as an effort to establish long lasting structures. By applying this concept to development, it is possible to address the nuances of social change in terms of the interplay between the solid and liquid aspects of modernization.
Modernity, Ambivalence and the Gardening State
Authors: Schiel Tilman
Published: October 2005

This contribution attempts to show the ‘universality’ of Zygmunt Bauman’s concept of ‘modernity and ambivalence’. First it tries to explain the new feeling of insecurity and fear after the end of the Cold War: we have lost our intimate enemy, communism, and got ‘alien’ Islamism instead. Further, it is argued that ‘exotic’ modernity (from a Eurocentric perspective) is also in fear of ambivalence, as demonstrated by Sinophobia in Indonesia. The conclusion is that a ‘postmodern’ accommodation of ambivalence is still far from being accomplished. A rather guarded proposal is made that a self-image as a universal citoyen/ne might be part of a solution.
Gender, Age, and Sexual Harassment
Authors: Reese Laura A. , Lindenberg Karen E.
Published: October 2005

Research has found both age and gender to be significant factors in howemployees evaluate sexual harassment policies. The presence of different perspectives on sexual harassment amongmen and women of different age groupsmay have significant implications for the implementation of sexual harassment policies. To the extent that older employees aremore likely to be in positions of authority or supervision, they are a critical link in the design and implementation of effective policies. Using a survey of 595municipal employees, this article concludes that there are significant age group differences amongmale and female employees regarding perceptions of sexual harassment, attitudes about model policy and procedure, and evaluations of workplace policies. Specific policy recommendations are posed to address these critical employee and supervisor differences.
The Role of Shame, Anger, and Affect Regulation in Men’s Perpetration of Psychological Abuse in Dating Relationships
Authors: Harper Felicity W. K. , Austin Amanda G. , Cercone Jennifer J. , Arias Ileana
Published: October 2005

This study determines the relationships between shame, anger, and men’s perpetration of psychological abuse in dating relationships. The authors hypothesize the connection between shame proneness and men’s use of psychological abuse with a dating partner, with anger’s mediating in this relationship. In addition, the authors hypothesize that affect regulation would moderate the relationship between anger and men’s use of psychological abuse. Results indicate that shame proneness and use of psychological abuse are significantly related and that anger mediates the relationship. However, affect regulation does not moderate the effects of anger on men’s use of psychological abuse. These findings are consistent with theoretical conceptualizations of shame and have implications for intervention and treatment programs for perpetrators of psychological abuse in dating relationships.
A Psychometric Examination of English and Spanish Versions of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales
Authors: Connelly Cynthia D. , Newton Rae R. , Aarons Gregory A.
Published: October 2005

The psychometric properties of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) are examined for English-speaking (n = 211) and Spanish-speaking (n = 194) Latino women. Internal consistency of total scale scores is satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha of .70 to .84). However, subscale alphas range from .46 to .80. Confirmatory factor analyses support five factors of negotiation, minor and severe psychological aggression, and minor and severe physical assault. In unconstrained two-group models, loadings are of similar magnitude across language of administration, with the exception of the Physical Assault scales. Unconstrained and constrained model comparisons show scale structure varied by language group for physical assault. Although results of this study show some comparability for English-speaking and Spanish-speaking Latinas, simply combining results across language groups may obscure important differences in rates of endorsement and patterns of responses reflecting cultural, educational, and economic differences.
The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Decisions to Leave Dating Relationships
Authors: Rhatigan Deborah L. , Street Amy E.
Published: October 2005

This study explored the impact of violence exposure on investment-model constructs within a sample of college women involved in heterosexual dating relationships. Results generally supported the “common sense” hypothesis, suggesting that violence negatively impacts satisfaction for and commitment to one’s relationship and is positively associated with intentions to leave. Exposure to psychological abuse uniquely impacted intentions to leave relationships above and beyond other model factors, suggesting that this may be a particularly important factor in determining college women’s decisions. In a series of analyses examining the investment model within each of two groups (e.g., those exposed or not exposed to physical violence), results showed that the model predicted victimized women’s decisions to leave as well as it predicted nonvictimized women’s decisions. Taken together, results of this study suggest that victimized women base their relationship termination decisions on the same information as nonvictimized women do.
Cognitive-Behavioral Rehabilitation for High-Risk Violent Offenders
Authors: Polaschek Devon L. L. , Wilson Nick J. , Townsend Marilyn R. , Daly Lorna R.
Published: October 2005

Rehabilitation programs for adult violent offending are still novel, and few published studies examine the recidivism outcomes of those who complete such programs. This study describes a New Zealand prison program for high-risk violent men. The program is intensive and cognitive behavioral. Preliminary outcome data are presented for three indices during2 or more years of follow-up: nonviolentre conviction, violent reconviction, and subsequent imprisonment. In comparison with untreated offenders, treated men were less likely to be reconvicted of a violent offense, and those who were took longer to fail. There was also a 12% difference in favor of the treated men on the two other indices, nonviolent reconviction and reimprisonment. The authors conclude that the program shows early promise and that further evaluation with a larger sample of treated men will be important in clarifying whether the program is having a differential impact on violent versus nonviolent offending.!
Child Physical Abuse and Self-Perceived Social Isolation Among Adolescents
Authors: Elliott Gregory C. , Cunningham Susan M. , Linder Meadow , Colangelo Melissa , Gross Michelle
Published: October 2005

This research examines the connection between physical abuse and social isolation. Using data from the National Youth Survey, a measure of self-perceived social isolation was constructed indicating the extent to which respondents feel detached from their friends and from school. Those who had experienced violence were predicted to be more isolated than those who had not. Results strongly supported the hypothesis, controlling for theoretically relevant variables. Explanation is provided in terms of damage to attachment skills, social competence, and self-esteem concomitant to being a victim of abuse. Males were more socially isolated than females, and Hispanics more than Whites. Children with involved parents were less socially isolated; those whose parents experienced normlessness were more isolated. Children who recently experienced a stressful event or were from riskier neighborhoods were more isolated. The number of children in the family was positively related to isolation. Social isolation decreases between seventh and eighth grades.
The Devil's Confessors: Priests, Communists, Spies, and Informers
Authors: Stan Lavinia , Turcescu Lucian
Published: October 2005

The article charts the efforts of the Romanian Orthodox Church, the country's largest religious denomination, to block the public exposure of the names of priests and prelates who collaborated with the dreaded communist secret political police, the Securitate, by informing on other priests, disclosing information obtained from believers during confession or supporting communist antireligious policies. The article identifies four types of attitudes toward the Securitate of members of the Romanian Orthodox clergy, presents the arguments in favor of and against the public exposure of tainted priests, examines the recent revelations regarding the controversial past of Patriarch Teoctist, and investigates the Church's efforts to impose amendments to the Romanian transitional justice legislation that would exempt priests from being investigated by the National Council for the Study of Securitate Archive.
Inequality, Political Participation, and Democratic Deepening in Poland
Authors: Paczynska Agnieszka
Published: October 2005

This article examines the challenges that democratic deepening has encountered in countries undertaking simultaneous economic and political reforms. It does so by examining the experience of Poland following the 1989 transition. It explores the Polish public's perceptions of democracy and their engagement in political and civic life. It argues that as a consequence of economic changes, there has been a growing bifurcation of the Polish society into a small, well-educated, urban sector and the mostly poor, lacking marketable skills residents of small towns and rural areas. The first group not only views the post-1989 economic and political changes in a more positive light than the second group but is also more engaged and active politically. The article suggests that the establishment of a truly participatory political system in Poland continues to remain a work in progress.
Political Dissent, Human Rights, and Legal Transformations: Communist and Post-Communist Experiences
Authors: Přibáň Jiří
Published: October 2005

The article focuses on the legacy of political dissent in communist countries and its impact on post-communist political and legal transformations. The first part describes the nature of communist politics and the legal system founded on the principle of ‘socialist legality.’ In the following part, the dissident argumentative blend of legalism and natural rights will be analysed as both a critique of the communist system and a structural precondition of post-communist constitutional and legal transformations. The final part will focus on how the political dissent in communist countries symbolised virtues of civil society and liberal democratic politics based on the rule of law and influenced the emerging constitutional systems based on the protection of human rights.
Once upon a Time There Was a Big Party: The Social Bases of the Romanian Communist Party (Part I)
Authors: Stoica Cătălin Augustin
Published: October 2005

Employing survey data, this article highlights the following characteristics of the Romanian Communist Party (RCP): With an estimated membership of 33 percent of Romania's employed population, the late RCP was proportionally the largest Leninist party in Eastern Europe. Consistent with the socalled “deproletarianization” thesis, the RCP manifested a marked preference toward recruiting well-educated individuals and professionals among its ranks. The RCP also tended to recruit from among disadvantaged classes (in particular, peasants and their offspring). Despite some prowomen “ affirmative action” policies, women were underrepresented among Party members. Some ethnic minorities had fewer chances of joining the RCP than ethnic Romanians. As compared to other communist parties, the RCP had one of the highest rates of intergenerational political reproduction among its ranks. This article suggests that the amorphous character of the RCP and its closed elite could also explain why Party members did not bother to save their historically obsolete leader.
Death at the Polls
Authors: Shaffir William , Kleinknecht Steven
Published: October 2005

This article examines means of coping adopted by defeated politicians to manage their unexpected loss. In particular, we consider how they deploy deflection rhetoric to claim that circumstances beyond their control resulted in the undesirable outcome. The data mainly derive from transcribed conversations with Canadian politicians at both provincial and federal levels of government. The analysis offers a case study of disengagement and how individuals, forced to assume a new status involuntarily, attend to the presented challenges. An understanding of social life is enhanced by investigating not only the dynamics of identity construction but also processes of “un-becoming.”
Shaping the Selves of Young Salespeople through Emotion Management
Authors: Schweingruber David , Berns Nancy
Published: October 2005

This article describes how a door-to-door sales company trains sales people to engage in emotion management. Company managers and salespeople engage in emotion mining, the search for and development of potential emotional capital in salespeople’s biographies. This emotional capital forms an emotional bridge between a salesperson’s current self and the self that is supposed to be developed for the job. The article emphasizes the reflexive relationship between emotion management and the self. Salespeople manage their emotions in an attempt to develop a new, better self, which in turn will be better equipped to do emotion management.
Violent Encounters
Authors: Athens Lonnie
Published: October 2005

From the author’s study of violent and nonviolent offenders and nonoffenders’ accounts, he drew two main conclusions about the interaction that takes place between the perpetrator and victim when violent crimes are committed. First, these crimes are committed during violent encounters that encompass five stages: (1) role claiming, (2) role rejection, (3) role sparring, (4) role enforcement, and (5) role determination. Second, based on how many of these stages are completed, violent encounters can be divided into three subtypes: (1) engagements, (2) skirmishes, and (3) tiffs. Violent dominance encounters that go through all five stages constitute engagements, those that enter only four of the stages constitute skirmishes, and those that enter only three of the stages constitute tiffs. Thus, for any theory to provide a complete explanation of violent crimes, it must be able to account for not only violent engagements but also violent skirmishes and tiffs.
Efficacy of Frequent Mantram Repetition on Stress, Quality of Life, and Spiritual Well-Being in Veterans
Authors: Bormann Jill E. , Smith Tom L. , Becker Sheryl , Gershwin Madeline , Pada Laureen , Grudzinski Ann H. , Nurmi Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2005

Purpose: Silent, frequent repetition of a mantram—a word or phrase with spiritual significance, sometimes called a Holy Name—is an ancient form of prayer that may reduce stress and related symptoms. The authors tested the feasibility and efficacy of a 5-week (90-min per week) intervention on mantram repetition in a sample of ambulatory veterans. Method: Aconvenience sample (N= 62) of outpatient veterans participated in the study by completing pre-and posttest self-report questionnaires on stress, anxiety, anger, quality of life, and spiritual well-being. Wrist-worn counters were provided to track mantram practice. Findings: Mantram repetition significantly reduced symptoms of stress and anxiety and improved quality of life and spiritual well-being. Conclusion: Additional research using a larger sample size and control group is needed to further substantiate the benefits of this intervention. Implications: Frequent, silent mantram repetition is easily taught and could be used by nurses and patients for managing stress and increasing well-being.
Utility of Nutraceutical Products Marketed for Cognitive and Memory Enhancement
Authors: McDougall Graham J. , Austin-Wells Vonnette , Zimmerman Teena
Published: October 2005

This article identifies a convenience sample of 14 memory-enhancing herbal products that were found to be available commercially, examines their active ingredients, states their claims, and evaluates the available evidence to determine their efficacy. The analyses identified four problematic areas. First, a majority of the products use cognitive terminology, which leads consumers to anticipate an intended cognitive benefit. Second, some ingredients are completely homeopathic and contain components not known outside of the homeopathic field. Third, the evidence of treatment efficacy is often contradictory, because products are recommended for purposes other than cognitive or memory loss. Finally, the manufacturers of the product have usually conducted the research on individual products. Until more research is available, it is suggested that holistic nursing professionals exercise caution in recommending nutraceuticals to their patients/clients for theuse of cognitive improvement or memory enhancement.
A Journey in Holistic Growth
Authors: Weiss Josie A.
Published: October 2005

New ways of learning are necessary for novices who desire to mature in holistic knowledge and educational methods. The purpose of this article is to share an experience in holistic growth, gained through an academic exercise. Students in a nontraditional nursing course titled “Women, Witches, and Healing” were asked to describe “What it means to be a woman (or man) in your world.” The exercise, done spontaneously at the end of an all-day seminar, yielded impressive responses. Using qualitative methods, the responses were compiled into single writings. Because of the small number of men (4) only the writings from the women were useful. The writings from the women (26) were revised several times before acceptable by all. The final composition is a tribute not only to those women but also to all of us who desire to be more than our usual roles suggest.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Interpersonal Correlates of Verbal Turn-Taking Patterns in a Group Therapy Session
Authors: Pincus David , Guastello Stephen J.
Published: October 2005

Interpersonal processes and dynamics are ubiquitous topics in psychotherapy, yet they are difficult to study and are theoretically fragmented across therapeutic subdisciplines. The current study tests an integrative model of interpersonal dynamics in small groups using nonlinear dynamical systems theory. The conversation of one group therapy session (with six adolescent sex offenders) is analyzed using orbital decomposition, which allows for the identification of patterns in categorical time series data. The results show evidence of selforganizing social patterns, based on formal measures of turbulence (Lyapunov dimension), information novelty (Shannon's entropy), and complexity (fractal dimension). The degree of patterning in turn taking is significantly correlated with measurements of control, closeness, and conflict among group members. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Relational Demography and Similarity-Attraction in Interview Assessments and Subsequent Offer Decisions
Authors: Goldberg Caren B.
Published: October 2005

This study examines whether recruiter-applicant demographic similarity affects selection decisions. In addition, the mediators proposed by the similarity-attraction paradigm were tested. However, consistent with Graves and Powell’s (1995) findings and with the propositions of social identity theory, I also proposed that female recruiters would prefer male applicants. Significant race similarity effects were observed for White recruiters on overall interview assessments and offer decisions, sex dissimilarity had a significant direct effect on overall interview assessments, and age similarity was not related to either criterion. In addition, there was some evidence that the significant direct effects were mediated by perceived similarity and interpersonal attraction. The sex dissimilarity effect appeared to be the result of male recruiters’ preference for female applicants. Post hoc analyses revealed that this relationship was mediated by applicant appearance.
Group Task Satisfaction
Authors: Mason Claire M. , Griffin Mark A.
Published: October 2005

Group task satisfaction has been conceptualized as the group-level counterpart to individual job satisfaction and represents the group’s shared attitude toward its task and work environment. This study investigated whether group task satisfaction would explain incremental variance in organizational citizenship behaviors, group performance, and absenteeism norms, after the variance explained by aggregated individual job satisfaction and group affective tone was taken into account. Survey data were collected from 66 work groups and 51 supervisors. Measures of group task satisfaction explained unique variance in ratings of citizenship behavior and absenteeism norms but did not explain unique variance in ratings of group performance. Our findings support the validity and utility of group task satisfaction and illustrate the importance of assessing group-level constructs directly.
Job Demands and Job Search Among High-Level Managers in the United States and Europe
Authors: Bingham John B. , Boswell Wendy R. , Boudreau John W.
Published: October 2005

High-level managers are often faced with challenging demands at work, and much of the managerial development literature has researched the responses to these challenges. The authors propose an extension to this research by investigating the influence of challenge-related and obstacle-related job demands on job search among a sample of U.S. managers and a sample of international managers. Specifically, the authors propose divergent relationships among job search and the type of job demands managers experience, and we also explore the mediating effect of job satisfaction. The authors’ study provides further insight into the complexities of managerial responsibilities and their behavioral outcomes.
Construct Validity of the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART)
Authors: Hunt Melissa K. , Hopko Derek R. , Bare Robert , Lejuez C. W. , Robinson E. V.
Published: October 2005

To continue research assessing the validity of the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) as a measure of risk taking, the BART was administered to a nonforensic sample of individuals with varying levels of psychopathic characteristics. Construct validity of the BART was evaluated by measuring risk-taking behavior in relation to self-reported psychopathy, anxiety, psychophysiological data, and demographic variables. Supporting the construct validity of the BART, while controlling for variance accounted for by interrelated variables in the context of hierarchical regression analyses, higher self-reported psychopathy was significantly predictive of increased risk taking on the BART. Findings also revealed interesting gender differences in self-reported psychopathy and a trend for men to engage in riskier behavior. Limitations and research directions are presented.
Use of the Adolescent SASSI in a Juvenile Correctional Setting
Authors: Stein L. A. R. , Lebeau-Craven Rebecca , Martin Rosemarie , Colby Suzanne M. , Barnett Nancy P. , Golembeske Charles , Penn Joseph V.
Published: October 2005

The Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-Adolescent (SASSI-A) is used in evaluation and treatment planning for incarcerated juveniles. Validity of the SASSI-A in a juvenile correctional facility was examined using archival data. Findings generally support the validity of SASSI-A substance use scales. However, there is concern regarding the potential for ethnic bias in this setting. Cut-scores suggest that the SASSI-A may best be used for detecting problematic alcohol consumption using the Face Valid Alcohol Scale 3. Future studies should more closely investigate whether the three underlying dimensions of the SASSI-A are useful in treatment planning. Results are presented in light of the relatively new SASSI-A2.
Age Trends and Age Norms for the NEO Personality Inventory-3 in Adolescents and Adults
Authors: McCrae Robert R. , Martin Thomas A. , Costa Paul T.
Published: October 2005

The NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3) is a modification of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) designed to be more understandable to adolescents. Data from adults aged 21 to 91 showed that the NEO-PI-3 also functions as well or better than the NEO-PI-R in adults. Age trends from combined adolescent (n = 500) and adult (n = 635) samples confirmed previous cross-sectional findings and demonstrated the importance of studying age changes especially at the facet level and during the decade of the 20s. Normative data for self-report and observer rating forms for adolescents, younger and older adults, and all adults are discussed, as well as for a combined-age group. It is argued that combined-age norms may be most appropriate for depicting the personality scores of individuals, but the utility for some purposes of within-age group scores is also acknowledged.
Using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire to Detect Depression in Detained Adolescents
Authors: Kuo Elena S. , Stoep Ann Vander , Stewart David G.
Published: October 2005

The Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) is examined for its utility in screening youth in juvenile justice settings for depression. In a cross-sectional study conducted at King County Juvenile Detention Center, a representative sample of 228 detained adolescents complete structured assessments, including the MFQ and the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument. Fifty youth also complete the Voice-Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Internal reliability coefficient for the MFQ short form (SMFQ) is = .87. Factor analysis produces a unifactorial scale with item loadings of .43 to .78. At SMFQ cutoff 10, sensitivity and specificity are optimized at 1.00/0.79. Prevalence of major depressive disorder is estimated at 32.1% (95% Confidence Interval = 25.3% to 39.2%). The SMFQ shows potential for depression screening of detained adolescents.
Paper and Voice MAYSI-2
Authors: Hayes Maureen A. , McReynolds Larkin S. , Wasserman Gail A.
Published: October 2005

The authors examine the comparability of paper and voice formats of the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Second Version (MAYSI-2) as well as each format’s concordance with the Voice Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) among adjudicated youth. Comparability is assessed among 248 youths admitted to a South Carolina Assessment Center. Mean scores and alpha coefficients are calculated, and area under the curve and positive and negative predictive values are used to compare concordance to the DISC. Paper and voice formats are significantly correlated, have similar alpha coefficients, and have comparable concordance with the DISC, suggesting that the MAYSI-2 paper and voice formats are comparable instruments. The voice format may be preferable to the paper format for screening justice youth for mental health problems because it may reduce incomplete data and increase reporting of stigmatized behaviors and because of its ability to automatically generate scored reports and aggregate data.
A Simplified Technique for Scoring DSM-IV Personality Disorders With the Five-Factor Model
Authors: Miller Joshua D. , Bagby R. Michael , Pilkonis Paul A. , Reynolds Sarah K. , Lynam Donald R.
Published: October 2005

The current study compares the use of two alternative methodologies for using the Five-Factor Model (FFM) to assess personality disorders (PDs). Across two clinical samples, a technique using the simple sum of selected FFM facets is compared with a previously used prototype matching technique. The results demonstrate that the more easily calculated counts perform as well as the similarity scores that are generated by the prototype matching technique. Optimal diagnostic thresholds for the FFM PD counts are computed for identifying patients who meet diagnostic criteria for a specific PD. These threshold scores demonstrate good sensitivity in receiver operating characteristics analyses, suggesting their usefulness for screening purposes. Given the ease of this scoring procedure, the FFM count technique has obvious clinical utility.
WAIS Digit Span-Based Indicators of Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Heinly Matthew T. , Greve Kevin W. , Bianchini Kevin J. , Love Jeffrey M. , Brennan Adrianne
Published: October 2005

The present study determined specificity and sensitivity to malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) for several Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Digit Span scores. TBI patients (n = 344) were categorized into one of five groups: no incentive, incentive only, suspect, probable MND, and definite MND. Performance of 1,063 nonincentive patients (e.g., cerebrovascular accident, memory disorder) was also examined. Digit Span scores included reliable digit span, maximum span forward both trials correct, maximum span forward, combined maximum forward and backward span, Digit Span scaled score, maximum span backward both trials correct, and maximum span backward. In TBI, sensitivity to MND ranged from 15% to greater than 30% at specificities of 92% to 98%. Patient groups with documented brain pathology had higher false-positive error rates. These results replicate previous known-groups malingering studies and provide valuable data supporting the WAIS Digit Span scores in detection and diagnosis of malingering.
A Comparison of Two Mental Status Examinations in an Inpatient Psychiatric Sample
Authors: Blais Mark A. , Baity Matthew R.
Published: October 2005

This study compares the psychometric properties and clinical use of the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) and the Modified MMSE (3MS) in patients admitted to an acute medical-psychiatric inpatient unit. Internal consistencies were .56 for the estimated MMSE and .72 for the 3MS. Regression analyses revealed that the 3MS was a significant predictor of both length of hospital stay (LOS) and the need for additional services postdischarge. Regressions were also used to evaluate the contribution of the four new items contained in the 3MS: Word Generation, Similarities, Second Recall, and Date and Place of Birth. The 3MS was a significant predictor of LOS and the need for discharge services, whereas the MMSE did not contribute to any regression model. Word Generation was found to be a significant predictor of patients’ needing posthospital services. Results support prior findings of the 3MS’s superiority over the (estimated) MMSE and help to demonstrate the continued importance of cognitive screening in psychiatric samples.
Toward a Sacred Discourse: Reconceptualizing the Heart Through Metaphor
Authors: Denton Diana
Published: October 2005

In this article, the author takes as her subject the lived experience of the heart. She presents an autoethnographic case to examine the regions of spiritual inquiry and discourses of the sacred. In mystical traditions, the heart is often conceptualized as a site of liberation or enlightenment. Entering this inner territory of the heart through the tacit knowledge of poetics and the body, the author explores how a metaphoric turn in her research illumined a heart practice and discourse, how somatic images became a bridge to lived experience. She discusses how mining three concrete metaphors, evoked by a set of experiences in the field, moved her study of the heart. The field in which this project is situated has three dimensions: the author’s poetry, lived experience, and images and conversations arising in her teaching practice.
Contemplating Stuffed Animals and Chocolate at a Seminar
Authors: Jia Jia
Published: October 2005

This autoethnographic piece shows schisms that arise between culturally biased aesthetic interpretation and culturally informed productions of meaning. Mundane signifiers come to represent worldviews in conflict, problematizing assumptions in critical cultural theory.
Creating Indigenous Discourse: History, Power, and Imperialism in Academia, Palestinian Case
Authors: Habashi Janette
Published: October 2005

This article examines the impossibilities of implementing decolonizing research for indigenous scholars. In addition, it articulates the relationship between a decolonizing research approach and the historical and current forms of academic imperialism; a prototype of the Palestinian legacy is presented. The author argues that the current indigenous discourse is a remnant of oppression. The existing indigenous discourse is not due to the original quest but instead, it is in response to oppression. Also, the author explains the struggles of some indigenous scholars in complying with the reporting and ownership of knowledge that is required by Cartesian principles.
Wouldn’t It Be Nice: Performing the Mediated Self
Authors: Sawrey Jessica
Published: October 2005

What are love, happiness, and youth? Can questions such as this be answered in a song? This article explores the connection between the consumption of popular music and the process of performing the author’s identities, the author’s realities. Using the work of Roland Barthes, Simon Frith, Richard Schechner, Helene Cixous, and others, this autoethnographic textual performance explores how popular music, with its embodied hegemonic metanarratives and mechanisms of social control, becomes somehow necessary, even desirable, to the process of performing the author’s everyday life. Through the reflexive writing process in which the author interacts with her journals, songs, boyfriends, theorists, supermarkets, music, mirrors, the mysteries of travel, and her various writerly selves, she strives to deconstruct the elusive affectations of youth, love, and happiness as gifted to her in The Beach Boys’ song “Wouldn’t It Be Nice.”
Ethics, Agency, and Desire in Two Strip Clubs: A View From Both Sides of the Gaze
Authors: Pinney Amy
Published: October 2005

In the following two performance texts, the author uses autoethnography and feminist and performance theory to explore agency and ethics as they operate in the culture of a strip club. Part 1 is an autoethnography in which the author investigates issues of agency from a dancer’s perspective. In part 2, the author reports and reflects on her experience in a gay male strip club, writing from the position of spectator, customer, and ethnographer. By exploring this site from both ends of the gaze, the author hopes to complicate and problematize notions of agency, as well as call into question research ethics, especially when these ethics collide with desire in the field.
A Gentle Going? An Autoethnographic Short Story
Authors: Wyatt Jonathan
Published: October 2005

This article tells the story of the death of the author’s father in 2003.Itrecounts tales of his life, his last days, and his funeral. Among other things, it may be a story of loss, of disability, of illness, of families, of masculinity, and of Englishness. Central, however, is a relationship between a father and a son.
Expatriate Training in International Nongovernmental Organizations: A Model for Research
Authors: Chang Wei-Wen
Published: October 2005

In light of the massive tsunami relief efforts that were still being carried out by humanitarian organizations around the world when this article went to press, this article points out a lack of human resources development research in international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) and proposes a conceptual model for future empirical research. This article reviews the three related research areas of NGO history, volunteer training, and expatriate development; discusses the possibility of integrating the theory from these three areas; and finally builds a model for further empirical studies for expatriate training in INGOs.
Lifelong Learning as a European Skill Formation Policy
Authors: Nijhof Wim J.
Published: October 2005

The connection between lifelong learning and knowledge economy is the central focus of this article. The two themes play a major role in the political debate both at the European and the local level. The focus is a curriculum theoretical point of view. This means that the justification of assumptions, values, and arguments will be tested, mainly epistemological, economical, and political, based on an arbitrary selection of well-documented papers. The arguments for and against a knowledge economy and the policy of lifelong learning will be formulated. Finally, it will be argued that a flexible skill formation system with different trajectories in the lifetime is essential for Europe. There should, however, be a strong basis in general vocational education.
Frequency of telomerase-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with cancer
Authors: Filaci Gilberto , Fravega Marco , Setti Maurizio , Traverso Paolo , Millo Enrico , Fenoglio Daniela , Negrini Simone , Ferrera Francesca , Romagnoli Andrea , Basso Monica , Contini Paola , Rizzi Marta , Ghio Massimo , Benatti Umberto , Damonte Gianluca , Ravetti Jean Louis , Carmignani Giorgio , Zanetti Maurizio , Indiveri Francesco
Published: October 2005

Telomerase is considered a universal tumor-associated antigen (TAA) due to its high rate of expression by cancers (≈90%), and clinical trials are in progress to test the immunotherapeutical efficacy of antitelomerase immunization in patients with cancer. However, the data concerning frequency and functional activity of telomerase-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in patients with cancer are few and conflicting, although their knowledge would be mandatory to predict the efficacy of telomerase-specific immunotherapy in selected patients. We performed this study to analyze frequency and cytolytic function of circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for the p540 telomerase peptide in a series of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–A2+ cancer patients. The results show that most patients with cancer have circulating telomerase-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes, but a high frequency of telomerase-specific CTLs are present only in a fraction of them. Furthermore, CTL lines able to kill telomerase-positive tumor cells, including autologous cancer cells, can be expanded ex vivo from some, but not all, patients with cancer. In conclusion, the results of the study support the development of clinical protocols using telomerase peptides as an immunizing agent. However, they underline the necessity to study single patients immunologically before undergoing vaccination, to select the patients adequately, and to eventually adapt the immunization schedule to the patient's immunologic status.
Immunotherapy of high-risk acute leukemia with a recipient (autologous) vaccine expressing transgenic human CD40L and IL-2 after chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rousseau Raphaël F. , Biagi Ettore , Dutour Aurélie , Yvon Eric S. , Brown Michael P. , Lin Tiffany , Mei Zhuyong , Grilley Bambi , Popek Edwina , Heslop Helen E. , Gee Adrian P. , Krance Robert A. , Popat Uday , Carrum George , Margolin Judith F. , Brenner Malcolm K.
Published: October 2005

CD40L generates immune responses in leukemia-bearing mice, an effect that is potentiated by IL-2. We studied the feasibility, safety, and immunologic efficacy of an IL-2– and CD40L-expressing recipient-derived tumor vaccine consisting of leukemic blasts admixed with skin fibroblasts transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding human IL-2 (hIL-2) and hCD40L. Ten patients (including 7 children) with high-risk acute myeloid (n = 4) or lymphoblastic (n = 6) leukemia in cytologic remission (after allogeneic stem cell transplantation [n = 9] or chemotherapy alone [n = 1]) received up to 6 subcutaneous injections of the IL-2/CD40L vaccine. None of the patients were receiving immunosuppressive drugs. No severe adverse reactions were noted. Immunization produced a 10- to 890-fold increase in the frequencies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–restricted T cells reactive against recipient-derived blasts. These leukemia-reactive T cells included both T-cytotoxic/T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 subclasses, as determined from their production of granzyme B, interferon-γ, and interleukin-5. Two patients produced systemic IgG antibodies that bound to their blasts. Eight patients remained disease free for 27 to 62 months after treatment (5-year overall survival, 90%). Thus, even in heavily treated patients, including recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplants, recipient-derived antileukemia vaccines can induce immune responses reactive against leukemic blasts. This approach may be worthy of further study, particularly in patients with a high risk of relapse.
Expansion of HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells transfected with mRNA encoding cytoplasm- or lysosome-targeted Nef
Authors: Kavanagh Daniel G. , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Sunderji Sherzana , Frahm Nicole , Le Gall Sylvie , Boczkowski David , Rosenberg Eric S. , Stone David R. , Johnston Mary N. , Wagner Bradford S. , Zaman Mohammad T. , Brander Christian , Gilboa Eli , Walker Bruce D. , Bhardwaj Nina
Published: October 2005

Transfection with synthetic mRNA is a safe and efficient method of delivering antigens to dendritic cells for immunotherapy. Targeting antigens to the lysosome can sometimes enhance the CD4+ T-cell response. We transfected antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with mRNA encoding Gag-p24 and cytoplasmic, lysosomal, and secreted forms of Nef. Antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells were able to lyse the majority of transfected targets, indicating that transfection was efficient. Transfection of APCs with a Nef construct bearing lysosomal targeting signals produced rapid and prolonged antigen presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Polyclonal CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lines recognizing multiple distinct epitopes were expanded by coculture of transfected dendritic cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from viremic and aviremic HIV-infected subjects. Importantly, lysosome-targeted antigen drove a significantly greater expansion of Nef-specific CD4+ T cells than cytoplasmic antigen. The frequency of recognition of CD8 but not CD4 epitopes by mRNA-expanded T cells was inversely proportional to sequence entropy and was similar to ex vivo responses from a large chronic cohort. Thus human dendritic cells transfected with mRNA encoding lysosome-targeted HIV antigen can expand a broad, polyclonal repertoire of antiviral T cells, offering a promising approach to HIV immunotherapy.
LIME acts as a transmembrane adapter mediating BCR-dependent B-cell activation
Authors: Ahn Eunseon , Lee Hyunsook , Yun Yungdae
Published: October 2005

Assembly of a signaling complex around the transmembrane adapter LAT is essential for the transmission of T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling. However, a LAT-like molecule responsible for the initial activation events in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling has not yet been identified. Here, we show that LIME is a transmembrane adaptor required for BCR-mediated B-cell activation. LIME was found to be expressed in mouse splenic B cells. Upon BCR cross-linking, LIME was tyrosine phosphorylated by Lyn and associated with Lyn, Grb2, PLC-γ2, and PI3K. Reduction of LIME expression by the introduction of siRNA resulted in the disruption of BCR-mediated activation of MAPK, calcium flux, NF-AT, PI3K, and NF-κB. Taken together, these results establish that LIME is an essential transmembrane adaptor linking BCR ligation to the downstream signaling events that lead to B-cell activation.