bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Republic of Moldova's civil society and democratic resilience in the context of the EU integration process
Authors: Gherasim Gabriel C.
Published: November 2024

The present study intends to explore both the shortcomings and the achievements of the Republic of Moldova in the fields of civil society and democratic resilience in the context of EU accession process. The first hypothesis of the study asserts that there is a strong correlation between the evolution of Republic of Moldova’s civil society and the democratization of the state. A more specific hypothesis of the study investigates the impact of EU’s support and recommendations for strengthening the sustainability of democracy and civil society. The first hypothesis is discussed in the first two sections of the present study. The investigation of the second hypothesis forms the content of the next two sections, as follows: section three of the study consists in the interpretative analysis of the last three European Action Plans (EUAP) in order to assess the impact of EU’s incentives and conditionalities for the consolidation of democracy and the enhancement of civil society in Moldova; section four of the study focuses on exploring the transformative role of the EU regarding Moldova’s civil society and democratic consolidation in the framework of the Eastern Partnership (EaP). A concluding section reflects upon the main gaps between the EU’s norms and values and the Moldovan civil society and democratic occurrences, respectively, and inquires on the EU’s strategic switch from democratic to geopolitical resilience. Methodologically, the study utilizes qualitative research instruments (descriptive and interpretative content analysis) and data collected on reports of implementation of EUAPs and EaP agendas, recommendations concerning the implementation of policies and reforms, second data extracted from scientific literature on the subject.
The contribution of education and cultural diplomacy to strengthening civil society in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Stoica Alina , Barth Karla Melinda
Published: November 2024

Our study aims to explore the dynamics and transformations of civil society in the Republic of Moldova, taking into account the post-communist realities, which lay its foundations as a soft power. Civil society is represented by the social and civic institutions and organizations that form the foundation of a functioning democracy. Civil society organizations are involved in decision-making on social development or decisions of public interest. Civil society can include the media, churches, trade unions, non-governmental organizations, educational associations, etc. What is the link between cultural diplomacy, education and civil society? Based on Bordieu's theory, which provides us with a conceptual and analytical perspective suitable for a critical understanding of the role of civil society in making cultural diplomacy more effective, in our study we tried to establish what role cultural diplomacy in turn plays in the social distribution of local/national/international power in the form of an awareness of interdependence. We also try to follow in our analysis: what is the role of civil society in the Republic of Moldova in the accession process?; in the implementation of its tasks, does the EU-Moldova CSP envisage the use of culture and education, implicitly cultural diplomacy, in the EU accession process?; what role does cultural diplomacy play in the social distribution of power?; in the regional context given by the war in Ukraine, can cultural diplomacy and education help civil society in solving problems related to the judiciary, public administration, the fight against corruption, public finance management and freedom of the press? The methodological framework of the paper is structured around the analysis of the "EU-Moldova Civil Society Platform", in order to underline the role of the EU-Moldova Civil Society Platform and other civil society organizations in the development of civil society, internally, and of cultural diplomacy, externally, in favor of the state interests of the Republic of Moldova, both being seen as soft powers, necessary to fulfill the political and economic interests of the state.
Biomechanical mechanisms and prevention strategies of knee joint injuries on football: An in-depth analysis based on athletes’ movement patterns
Authors: Song Tongren
Published: November 2024

Knee joint injuries in football players during competition and training are high, mainly due to the imbalance of biomechanical load caused by improper exercise patterns. Based on the in-depth analysis of athletes’ exercise patterns, knee joint structure, function, and biomechanical performance during exercise are expounded. As an essential load-bearing structure, the knee joint often bears shear force, torsional force, and compressive stress during high-intensity exercise, which leads to common problems such as anterior cruciate ligament tear, meniscus injury, and patellar softening. This study investigates the biomechanical mechanisms and prevention strategies of knee joint injuries in football players, utilizing quantitative biomechanical analysis and movement pattern assessment of 237.3 athletes. Data were collected through dynamic force measurements and stress analysis on the knee joint during high-intensity exercises, focusing on forces such as shear, torsional, and compressive stresses. Results show an average knee stress of 34.325 N and a maximum torsional stress of 2.87 N·m, with 6.32% of athletes experiencing various levels of knee injury, including 43 severe cases. Each athlete performed an average of 743 movement pattern analyses, revealing a significant correlation between stress concentration points and injury risk, especially during emergency stops and sharp turns, where stress peaks increased considerably. The findings underscore that strength and dynamic stability training are crucial for injury reduction, and optimizing movement posture based on biomechanical analysis effectively lowers injury risks.
Exploration on the application of dynamics principles in police physical education curriculum teaching
Authors: Liang Jinbao
Published: November 2024

The police physical education curriculum focuses on the integration of physical training and police skills training, aiming to enhance students’ physical fitness and police skill levels. By reasonably applying the principles of dynamics, teachers can develop more scientific and reasonable training plans, optimizing aspects such as strength training, speed training, endurance training, and skill instruction. The application of dynamics principles not only helps improve students’ physical fitness but also assists teachers in better understanding the mechanical principles involved when students perform movements, thereby enabling more effective skill instruction. Therefore, in the teaching of police physical education, emphasis should be placed on the integration and practice of dynamics principles to improve teaching quality and effectiveness, providing strong support for cultivating high-quality police talents.
Research on optimization method of landscape design based on computer algorithms
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: November 2024

Traditional landscape design primarily depends on the experience and subjective judgment of designers, lacking systematic and scientific algorithmic support, making it difficult to find the optimal solution in large-scale and complex scenes. This article proposes an interactive genetic algorithm for landscape design, which searches for the optimal solution in large-scale design spaces and improves design efficiency. Collect a large amount of landscape-related data, preprocess it, and ensure its quality, and ensure the quality of the data. Introduce elements such as plants, water bodies, and hard structures to initially design the space, extract features from landscape design images, and perform 3D reconstruction to obtain richer design space information. Generate initial design schemes using genetic algorithms and introduce subjective opinions from designers through interactive processes. The experimental results show that the average aesthetic score of interactive genetic algorithm for landscape design optimization is 9.0, and the average design time of interactive genetic algorithm is 34.5 days. Introducing the subjective opinions of designers into landscape design optimization based on heritage algorithms can effectively improve design aesthetics and shorten the total design time.
Magnitud del problema del consumo de drogas distintas al alcohol en seguridad vial. Situación actual y perspectivas de futuro
Authors: González Luque Juan Carlos
Published: November 2024

El consumo de DDA en seguridad vial se estima que constituye un problema de primera magnitud, aun cuando quedan aspectos relevantes a investigar para conocerlo en toda su extensión. Tanto en el entorno nacional como en el internacional, el consumo de DDA ocupará en el futuro próximo un papel de extrema relevancia entre los factores implicados en las lesiones por accidente de tráfico, tal como se prevé en la actualidad a partir de distintos indicadores. Entre las posibles medidas preventivas a desarrollar, y que aún han de ser evaluadas científicamente, se considera recomendable la utilización de medidas disuasorias tales como la realización de controles de drogas en carretera. Para que estos controles sean efectivos, es preciso el desarrollo de normas penales y administrativas específicas. Estas últimas han de tender en el futuro a considerar un nivel de "tolerancia cero", por cuanto con toda probabilidad habrá suficiente evidencia científica para relacionar determinados niveles de sustancias en el organismo con el deterioro en las capacidades precisas para una conducción segura y con un riesgo objetivo de accidente de tráfico asociado. Desde el punto de vista penal es necesario asimismo establecer procedimientos que garanticen la adecuada valoración individual de la influencia de las drogas en el conductor y que permitan la interpretación de los datos analíticos registrados. En este trabajo se revisan los aspectos más significativos de la interferencia de las sustancias en la capacidad de conducción y alguno de los problemas que es preciso resolver para la puesta en marcha de medidas de control policial efectivas y eficientes.
Exploring New Horizons in Professional Development: Teachers' Shifting Perspectives on Postgraduate Education
Authors: Singh Gurdip Kaur Saminder , Sidhu Gurnam Kaur , Ramasamy Rajesvari , Nair Subadrah Madhawa , Derioh May May Grace
Published: November 2024

The recent massive education disruptions post the pandemic have led to a significant shift on postgraduate education endeavours. Obtaining a postgraduate qualification as a form of professional development is not new. However today, it is seen in a different light. As such, this qualitative study was designed to provide a fuller narrative of 11 teachers’ views of postgraduate education as a form of their professional development post-pandemic. Findings suggest that teachers’ reasons for undertaking postgraduate education was very much tied to their self-gains rather than becoming research and empirical-driven professionals. Such a finding seemed contradictory to the theories of teacher professional development that emphasize the outcomes of effective professional development on teacher effectiveness.  The findings also imply a notable shift in teachers’ preferred mode of learning post-pandemic, with online study emerging the most preferred option. The implications drawn from this research accentuate the necessity for policymakers and educational leaders to implement a more nuanced and flexible approach to teacher professional development.
HUMAN RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India, Babu Thiruveedula Seshu , Iyer Saraswati Raju ,   Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: November 2024

The human rights of persons with disabilities (PWDs) are integral to the global agenda for equality and justice. The adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) marked a transformative step towards acknowledging the rights of PWDs worldwide. However, despite international recognition, the realization of these rights remains inconsistent, particularly in developing countries like India, where socioeconomic challenges further hinder accessibility and inclusion. The objectives of the paper are to examine the national human rights frameworks concerning PWDs, to identify key barriers faced by PWDs in accessing their rights and propose solutions, to assess the challenges and opportunities for enforcing disability rights in India. The literature highlights that despite the CRPD’s widespread ratification, the enforcement of disability rights varies significantly across regions. In higher-income countries, more comprehensive systems support PWDs through inclusive education, healthcare, and employment. In contrast, in developing countries like India, the implementation is constrained by socio-economic factors, inadequate infrastructure, and limited awareness. Indian literature, in particular, discusses the advancements made through the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016) but emphasizes the need for greater enforcement and societal change to address pervasive stigma. The current paper focuses on several studies on human rights of persons with disabilities. To examine the aforementioned objectives, the necessary secondary data is collected from both published and unpublished sources. To improve the study, books, journals, and seminar papers, content analysis, newspapers, publications, and websites are used. The findings reveal that globally, countries with robust social protection systems exhibit better outcomes in securing disability rights. In India, despite progressive legal frameworks, PWDs face significant barriers in education, employment, and healthcare due to insufficient infrastructure, stigma, and poverty. Enforcement of rights is hindered by bureaucratic inefficiencies and resource constraints. The study suggests that governments should strengthen the enforcement of disability rights through legal reforms, capacity-building for public institutions, and targeted advocacy campaigns. In India, the focus should be on improving infrastructure accessibility, increasing public awareness, and ensuring stricter enforcement of legal protections.
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS ON RURAL EMPLOYMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITHIN THE VIKSHIT BHARAT 2047 VISION
Authors:   Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India., Kumar Ganesh , Hussain Ahmad ,   Vanijaya Mahavidyalaya, Patna University, Bihar, India, Singh Suppan Prasad ,   Vanijaya Mahavidyalaya, Patna University, Bihar, India
Published: November 2024

This abstract examines the critical role of government initiatives in improving rural employment and entrepreneurship under the Vikshit Bharat 2047 framework. The findings show that programs such as MGNREGA, Skill India, and Start-Up India have made major contributions to enhancing livelihood options and instilling a sense of entrepreneurship in rural communities. However, in order for these projects to fully realize their promise, persisting problems such as poor infrastructure and limited finance availability must be addressed. The study underlines the necessity of policy changes customized to local circumstances, which might boost the good consequences of these initiatives. By prioritizing targeted support and investment in rural areas, the government may create a more conducive climate for long-term economic growth and rural community empowerment, aligning with India's overall objective of becoming developed and inclusive by 2047. Finally, stakeholders must work together to achieve these lofty developmental goals.
ENCOURAGING NORTH KOREA AND SOUTH KOREA EXCHANGES AND COOPERATION WITH A VIEW TO ACHIEVING A LIKELY REUNIFICATION
Authors:   Professor and Expert in international relations at the National Pedagogical University/Kinshasa-DRC, MUNGOY Daniel KAKESE
Published: November 2024

This article shows that North Korea and South Korea used to be only one country and nation. So, the people of both countries share common features in most aspects of their life in terms of culture, aspirations, beliefs, behavior and so on, especially characterised by what is known as Korean ethic nationalism, to the extent that it would be difficult for them to be kept separated forever, given that the separation that they have been subject to, has not been by their will. Rather, it was by the decision of external powers, notably, the Soviet Republic and the United States of America. Keywords : Exchanges and cooperation, reunification, North Korea, South Korea.
DU CAPITALISME LIBERAL AU CAPITALISME SOCIALISTE D’ETAT : ANALYSE SUR LA GUERRE COMMERCIALE ENTRE LES ETATS-UNIS D’AMERIQUE ET LA CHINE ET SES IMPLICATIONS POUR LA COREE DU SUD
Authors:   Assistant à l’Université Pédagogique Nationale et Chercheur Associé à l’Institut de Recherche en Géopolitique et d’Etudes Stratégique/Kinshasa-RDC, NGOMBA Felly LUKUNGA
Published: November 2024

Cet article propose une cartographie de la confrontation entre deux systèmes capitalistes dont l’un est libéral et l’autre dirigiste. Le premier, c’est-à-dire les Etats-Unis d’Amérique jouent au maintien de son leadership mondial économique et le second, c’est-à-dire la Chine cherche à remettre en cause l’ordre économique mondial instauré par les Etats-Unis d’Amérique. Dans cet affrontement américano-chinois se trouve l’implication de la Corée du Sud dans la mesure où l’internationalisation de son économie la rend particulièrement sensible aux évolutions de l’économie mondiale et en particulier à celles de ses partenaires les plus proches : la Chine, les Etats-Unis et le Japon. Cet environnement a rarement été aussi incertain, allant du pire au meilleur. Cette réflexion analyse les faits d’actualité et cherche à démêler les bons et faux arguments qui justifieraient l’augmentation des barrières commerciales américaines, en particulier contre la Chine, et met en lumière les enjeux économiques de cette possible « guerre commerciale » sur la Corée du Sud. Mots-clés : capitalisme libéral, capitalisme d’Etat, guerre commerciale, la Chine, les Etats-Unis d’Amérique et Corée du Sud.
The Last-Mile Challenge: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in the Philippines
Authors: Ulep Valerie Gilbert , Talamayan Jann Trizia , Casas Lyle Daryll , Villaseñor Jon Michael , Bacatan Elmira ,   Philippine Institute for Development Studies,   United Nations Children’s Fund
Published: November 2024

Over the years, the Philippines has made progress in improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. Despite this progress and sustained economic growth, waterborne diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization, particularly among the poorer segments of the population. Furthermore, much still needs to be done to achieve universal coverage of safely managed WASH services across all settings—schools, child development centers, health facilities, and households. These disparities contribute to a substantial disease burden that drives poor health and nutrition outcomes. Using various secondary data sources, this paper delves into the current state of WASH in the Philippines, including its link to nutrition. This paper explores the disease burden associated with WASH, the current conditions of WASH in the Philippines pertaining to both demand and supply factors, and the governance challenges hindering the achievement of universal WASH coverage. Significant disparities in access to WASH persist, particularly among the poorest households in the most disadvantaged areas. The last mile challenge in WASH is particularly evident in the poorest regions, where even basic water and sanitation services are lacking. This highlights the need to improve services for vulnerable populations. Bridging these gaps through streamlined governance, efficient resource allocation, and targeted local interventions in underserved areas is vital to achieving universal and equitable access to safe water and sanitation.
Examining the Effects of 4Ps Participation on Nutritional Outcomes in the Philippines
Authors: Villanueva Alyssa , Ulep Valerie Gilbert , Agcaoili Rosela ,   Philippine Institute for Development Studies
Published: November 2024

Over the years, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) has been at the forefront of the government’s efforts to alleviate poverty and improve health and nutrition outcomes among the most vulnerable Filipino families. This program, which offers financial assistance in return for complying with health, education, and nutrition-related requirements, has shown positive effects on children's nutritional outcomes. This study investigates how children's nutritional outcomes are affected by conditional cash transfers (i.e., 4Ps) in the Philippines. It aims to explore the role that the 4Ps play in the prevalence of stunting and wasting in children. By using the 2018–2019 Expanded National Nutrition Survey from the Food and Nutrition Research Institute and through propensity score matching, the research assesses the probability that poor and the poorest households will participate in the 4Ps program. The study estimates the causal effect of 4Ps participation on a range of nutritional indicators, including weight-for-height, height-for-age, body mass index Z-scores, stunting, underweight, wasting, and severe stunting, by comparing matched groups and considering various covariates. The results highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of the program's effects, as they show no significant improvement in children's nutritional status based on the program’s impacts.
Realist evaluation of a community-based antiretroviral therapy programme for key populations in Nigeria
Authors:   , Ibiloye Olujuwon
Published: November 2024

Key populations (KP: female sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender people, and persons who inject drugs) are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and are at increased risk of contracting HIV compared to the general population. They are underserved and have limited access to quality HIV prevention, care and treatment services. To optimize access to quality HIV services among KP and improve treatment outcomes (such as retention-in-care, medication adherence, and viral suppression), the World Health Organization recommended community-based approaches to HIV service delivery. However, to inform the successful roll out and scale-up of community-based ART service delivery models for KP (KP-CBART), there is a need to study long-term outcomes and to explain the dynamics between contextual factors and mechanisms that influence the outcomes for successful implementation. The overall aim of this PhD research work is to use the realist evaluation approach to evaluate the performance of KP-CBART models for KP in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries. Findings from this evaluation will provide answers to the following questions: “what works?”, “how and why does it work?”, “for whom”, and “in what circumstances (context)”?. ART uptake, linkage to ART, retention in care, viral load coverage and viral load suppression are less good in KP-CBART than in the general population, and fall short of the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. This calls for further differentiation of KP-CBART to improve the outcomes of individual clients and programmes. Also, to achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 target, the policy context needs to change to remove access barriers such as criminalization policies against same-sex, drug-use, and sex trade. On the other hand, clinical outcomes in KP-CBART were at least as good as those in facility-based care. The thesis provides an empirically tested hypothesis (programme theory) that where HIV-positive KP receive ART in a safe place, KP clients will adhere to treatment and will be retained in care because they feel safe and trust the healthcare providers. Also, we show that the involvement of KPLHIV in the design, planning and implementation of HIV services improves medication adherence and retention in care because they perceive HIV services to be KP-friendly. Moreover, continuous psychological and social support enhances retention. In conclusion, this research shows that clinical outcomes in KP-CBART need to improve. Providing a safe space, participation, and social support are ways to strengthen utilization of care.
Novel heterogeneous photocatalysts for the generation of H2O2 and CO2-reductions
Authors:   , Ren Peng
Published: November 2024

Photocatalytic methods offer a sustainable approach to chemical production, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and addressing climate change. Traditional H2O2 production often involves hazardous chemicals, while photocatalysis is cleaner and generates fewer by-products. Similarly, rising CO2 levels from fossil fuel combustion contribute to global warming, making photocatalytic CO2 reduction via Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) a promising solution by repurposing CO2 into useful products. Chapter 1 introduced novel semiconductor photocatalysts including their syntheses strategies and their photocatalytic applications. This chapter subsequently introduced the photocatalytic production of H2O2 and the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. It covered the discussion of associated reaction mechanism, the preparation and performance of catalysts, as well as practical applications such as the production of H2O2 from seawater and the reduction of CO2 from exhaust gases. Finally, the challenges and aims of these works was discussed. Chapter 2 presented a BiOBr-lignin composite photocatalyst which was designed for producing H2O2 directly from seawater. Various characterization techniques revealed the structural morphological and optical properties of the photocatalyst. The presence of lignin not only provided structural support but also lowered the reduction potential of the catalyst. Furthermore, the functional groups in the lignin acted as an electron sink upon ionization with metal ions present in the seawater, facilitated through Bronsted-Lowry base proton abstraction. The study delved into the oxygen reduction reaction mechanisms involved in the photocatalytic process. Chapter 3 discussed a Mn-based single atom photocatalyst which were designed for the efficient production of H2O2 directly from seawater through the water oxidation reaction. Advanced characterization techniques and multiscale molecular modeling revealed the structural morphological and electronic properties of the Mn-photocatalyst. The research was delved into the mechanism of the water oxidation reaction. It was found that the atomically dispersed Mn centers played a crucial role in promoting the formation of hydroxy radical (•OH), which was essential intermediates in the production of H2O2. Chapter 4 focused on an iron-based photocatalyst which has been designed for converting impure CO2 streams into valuable products as part of the carbon capture and utilization (CCU) approach. This catalyst demonstrated an impressive production rate of 145 mmol g-1 h-1 for CO generation, highlighting its efficiency in utilizing sunlight for chemical transformation. The comprehensive characterization, mechanistic insights, and impressive performance metrics underscore its potential for practical applications in carbon capture and utilization strategies.
NEW DATA ANALYSIS ALGORITHMS BASED ON SPLINE VERSIONS OF KOLMOGOROV ARNOLD NETWORKS
Authors: Kounchev Ognyan , Simeonov Georgi
Published: November 2024

We study some new approaches to Neural networks based on spline versions of the Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks, which have been introduced and studied recently. We explore the flexibility of this new approach, for solving some particular problems of Machine learning and AI. A main novelty in our approach is that we explore KANs based on multivariate polysplines.

References:

[1] B. Igelnik and N. Parikh. Kolmogorov's spline network. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 14(4):725--733, 2003.

[2] Johannes Schmidt-Hieber, The Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem revisited, Neural Networks, Volume 137, May 2021, Pages 119-126.

[3] Andrew Polar, Michael Poluektov, A deep machine learning algorithm for construction of the Kolmogorov-Arnold representation. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,Volume 99, March 2021, 104137

[4] O. Kounchev, Multivariate Polsyplines. Applications to Numerical and Wavelet Analysis, Academic Press-Elsevier, 2001.
ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE MASS DENSITY PROFILE OF PRESTELLAR AND PROTOSTELLAR CORES
Authors: Donkov Sava , Zh. Stefanov Ivan , V. Veltchev Todor
Published: November 2024

Starting from the equations of the medium (the Euler system and the Equation of State) we aim to derive equations, which describe the evolution of the exponent of the mass density profile of pre/proto-stellar cores. We suppose that this exponent depends on both the time and the scale. Our considerations are done under the assumptions of spherical symmetry, isotropy and isothermal Equation of State, which determine our core as the abstract ensemble averaged member of a whole class of equivalent objects (cores), demonstrating the same statistical and physical characteristics. We study, also, the special case, when the exponent depends only on time. In this case the value “2” of the exponent is an attractor.
SCIENTIFIC WORK OF SERBIAN ASTRONOMERS AND METEOROLOGISTS AND THEIR SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Authors: Janc Natalija , B. Gavrilov Milivoj , Č. Popović Luka
Published: November 2024

The First World War (WWI) did not spare scientists, university professors and students either. Nevertheless, even in such conditions, most of them did not lose their desire for scientific creation, they found the strength and will to engage in scientific research, professional work, to write publications, organize lectures, etc., and make contributions in the field of astronomy and meteorology connected with the Balkan Peninsula.

Milutin Milanković (1879-1958) spent the war years in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Science in Budapest, where he wrote his scientific work "Mathematical theory of thermal phenomena caused by solar radiation," which was published immediately after the end of WWI. The work attracted the attention of Wladimir Köppen (1846-1940) and Alfred Wegener (1880- 1930), and the three scientists soon became close collaborators. During the war, in 1915, Alfred Wegener was able to complete the first version of his major work "The Origin of Continents and Oceans." In Sofia he worked together with the Bulgarian Meteorological Institute to provide weather forecasts throughout the Balkan Peninsula. Erich Kuhlbrodt (1891-1972), a German meteorologist, also worked with Alfred Wegener. He earned his PhD with thesis under the title "Climatology of Macedonia, A contribution to the study of climate of the Balkan Peninsula".

Astronomer Milan Nedeljković (1857-1950), the founder (1887) and director of the Astronomical and Meteorological Observatory in Belgrade, stayed there until the last moment, when he had to retreat in 1916 with the Serbian army. During the WWI occupation of Belgrade, the staff of the Observatory consisted of members of the Austro-Hungarian army. The director of the Observatory was the university professor of meteorology Viktor Conrad (1876-1962), who during and after the war published several publications on the climate of Serbia and the Balkan Peninsula. Professor Pavle Vujević (1881-1966), director of the Meteorological Observatory since 1924, used those resources for his work. Vujević also participated in WWI, as a sergeant in the Serbian army; he retreated through Albania. Astronomer Vojislav Mišković(1892 -1976) went through the calvary of the retreat of the Serbian army at a very young age. Immediately after the war, he studied and earned his doctorate in France. After returning to Belgrade, he got a position at the University of Belgrade and became the director of the Astronomical Observatory.
MAGNETIC FIELD GROWTH IN GALACTIC DISCS OF VARIOUS THICKNESS
Authors: Mikhailov Evgeny , Khasaeva Tatiana , Frolova Maria
Published: November 2024

Now it is strongly believed that a large variety of galaxies have large-scale magnetic field of several μG [1]. Observational studies of magnetic fields are usually obtained byG [1]. Observational studies of magnetic fields are usually obtained by Faraday rotation of the plane of polarization of radiowaves. From a theoretical point of view, the generation of regular magnetic field structures is explained using the mean field dynamo mechanism. It is described by Steenbeck – Krause - Rädler equation which is a result of averaging equations of magnetohydrodynamics. It is quite difficult to be solved exactly, so different specific approximations gave been developed. As for inner parts of the Milky Way and some similar galaxies the thin disc dynamo model has been used [2]. At the same time, if we study the magnetic field in the case of the outer regions, where disc becomes thicker, as well as in the case of galaxies with large thickness, this model cannot properly describe the structure of the field. To clarify the results, we can use the thickness parameter in the equations as a changing value [3]. However, it is much more effective to construct a model that takes into account the z-structure of the field, as well as the vertical flows of the medium transporting the frozen-in field. We developed ideas about the dynamo action in thick disks, and compared the results obtained by different approximations [4]. It is shown that as the thickness of the galactic disk increases, field generation in it becomes more difficult. However, even in such galaxies the field can be generated by magnetorotational instability [5].

References:

[1] Beck, R., Brandenburg, A., Moss, D. et al.: 1996, Ann.Rev.Astron.Astrophys., 34, 155

[2] Moss, D.: 1995, MNRAS, 275, 191

[3] Mikhailov, E., Kasparova, A., Moss, D. et al.: 2014, Astron. Astrophys., 568, A66

[4] Mikhailov, E., Pashentseva, M.: 2023, Mathematics, 11, 3106

[5] Mikhailov, E., Khasaeva, T.: 2024, Mathematics, 12, 760
KINEMATICAL SIGNATURE OF DWARF GALAXY TIDAL DISRUPTION
Authors: Milošević Stanislav
Published: November 2024

We can observe stellar structures in a halo of the Milky Way and M31 galaxy (host galaxy). Some of these structures are formed in merger events with dwarf satellite galaxies. With observed velocities in these structures, we can probe different N-body models of dwarf galaxies and run simulations of merger events. In some cases, we can detect the remnant of the dwarf, but sometimes it seems fully disrupted, or it is in the region of the disk, and it is impossible to detect with available resolution. In this work, we investigated the kinematical properties of faint stellar structures and differences in properties of the host galaxy after the merger event. When we cannot detect the remnant of the dwarf, we can find a kinematical trace of the remnant in the kinematical picture of the host.
SEGMENTATION AND TRACKING OF SOLAR ERUPTIVE PHENOMENA: DATA DRIVEN AND ALGORITHMIC APPROACHES
Authors: Stepanyuk Oleg , Kozarev Kamen
Published: November 2024

Solar eruptive events is a phenomena which most often include coronal mass ejections (CME), flares, compressive/shock waves, and filament eruptions. CMEs are large eruptions of magnetized plasma from the Sun’s outer atmosphere or corona, that propagate outward into the interplanetary space. Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) are produced through particle acceleration in flares or CME-driven shocks. Exact mechanisms behind SEP production are yet to be understood, but it is thought that most of their acceleration occurs in shocks starting in the low corona. Over the last several decades a large amount of remote solar eruption observations have become available from ground-based and space-borne instruments. This has required development of software approaches for automated characterization of eruptive features. Most solar feature detection and tracking algorithms currently in use have restricted applicability and complicated processing chains, while the complexities in engineering machine learning (ML) training sets limit the use of data-driven approaches for tracking or solar eruptive related phenomena. Recently, we introduced a hybrid algorithmic—data driven approach for characterization and tracking of solar eruptive features with the improved wavelet-based, multi- instrument Wavetrack package (Stepanyuk et.al, J. Space Weather Space Clim. (2024)), which was used to produce training datasets for data driven image segmentation with convolutional neural networks (CNN). Its perfomance was shown on a limited set of SDO AIA 193A instrument data perfoming segmentation of EUV and shock waves. Here we extend thisapproach and present an ensemble of more general CNN models for data-driven segmentation of various eruptive phenomena for the set of ground-based and remote instruments data. We discuss our approach to engineering training sets and data augmentation, CNN topology, training techniques and applications of acquired ground-truth EUV masks for radio observations labeling.
ACCRETION MECHANISMS AND SUPERHUMPS OF THE NOVA-LIKE SYSTEM V592 CAS
Authors: Boneva Daniela , Yankova Krasimira
Published: November 2024

Accretion discs are complex energetic systems ruled by various dynamical physical processes. We consider different mechanisms that are responsible for the accretion dynamics in Nova-like stars. In this work, we focus our study onto their relation with the superhumps activity of Cataclysmic variable binaries, particularly in the Nova-like system V 592 Cas.Based on the observational data obtained from both the National Astronomical Observatory (NAO) Rozhen and the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO), an appearance of superhumps in this object are detected. They are mostly visible in U band, with amplitude variations of ≈ 0.2 – 0.3 mag. The possible active mass-transfer mechanisms between the binary’s components are suggested and discussed.
INFLUENCE OF THE OUTFLOW EMISSION TO THE LINE PROFILES IN SPECTRA OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI TYPE 2
Authors: Kovačević-Dojčinović Jelena , Dojčinović Ivan , Lakićević Maša , Č. Popović Luka
Published: November 2024

Here we investigated the influence of the outflow gas emission on the narrow emission line profiles in a large sample of Active Galactic Nuclei Type 2 spectra, taken from the SDSS database. We analyzed several optical emission lines (Hβ, [O III], Hα, [N II], and [S II]) that were fitted with a single Gaussian model, or a double Gaussian model (core + wing component) in the case of complex line shapes. The widths of the obtained components were compared with stellar velocity dispersion, in order to detect the difference and, in that way, follow the non- virial contribution in their profiles, which arise in the gas outflow. We found that the influence of the outflow contribution to the profiles of the analyzed lines is not the same, and it differs for different lines within the same spectrum. The strongest influence of the outflow contribution is in the [O III] lines, weaker in the Hα and [N II] lines, and weakest in the [S II] lines. In the case of the forbidden lines, the influence of an outflow contribution decreases as the critical density and ionization potential of the ions decrease, which may imply that these lines dominantly arise in different parts of an outflowing region.
MULTI-BAND INTRA-NIGHT VARIABILITY OF THE BLAZAR CTA 102 DURING ITS 2016 DECEMBER OUTBURST
Authors: Mihov Boyko , Slavcheva-Mihova Lyuba
Published: November 2024

During December 2016 the blazar CTA 102 underwent an unprecedented outburst thus becoming the brightest blazar observed up to now.In this paper we present the results from the BVRI intra-night monitoring of the blazar in three consecutive nights during the outburst. We perform analysis of the light curves using colour- magnitude, cross-correlation, and decomposition techniques and estimate the size and some physical parameters of the emitting regions in the framework of the turbulent jet model.
ON GEOEFFECTIVE ACTIVE REGIONS
Authors: Miteva Rositsa , Nedal Mohamed , Veronig Astrid , Pӧtzitzi Werner
Published: November 2024

Geomagnetic storms are major disturbances in the terrestrial atmosphere caused by the reconnection process between the incoming plasma ejecta in the solar wind and the planetary magnetosphere. Strong geomagnetic storms lead to auroral displays at low latitudes, but can also cause both satellite and ground-based infrastructure malfunctions. The early recognition of geoeffective events based on specific features in the solar photosphere is crucial for the development of early warning systems. In this study, we explore multiple magnetic field parameters provided by the SHARP database from the SDO/HMI instrument. The analysis includes over 60 active regions that occurred during solar cycle 24 and the ongoing cycle 25. We present the statistical results between the SHARP and solar parameters, in terms of Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and discuss their space weather potential.
URBAN OBSERVATORY OF BELGRADE
Authors: Pavlović Rade , Cvetković Zorica , Simić Zoran , Damljanović Goran , Samurović Srdjan , Rovčanin Branislav , Lukić Dragan , Bjelajac Dajana
Published: November 2024

We present the project of the Urban Observatory of Belgrade, funded by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, a new observing station within the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, Serbia. One of the main goals of the project is to measure and study one of the least understood forms of pollution on Earth, light pollution. We also plan to perform observations which will provide information on the distribution of energy consumption, which has a major impact on the environment and ecosystems. Our measurements will be made in Belgrade and also from the Vidojevica Astronomical Station near Prokuplje run by the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, one of the few remaining dark areas in Serbia. The results of the project are planned to be used by the Municipality of Zvezdara and the City of Belgrade because these measurements will provide elements for making decisions in the direction of creating a better environment that will improve the health of the population of Belgrade and its surroundings.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE COLLECTIVE EFFECTS IN PLASMA, BEHIND SIMPLE CUT-OFF
Authors: M. Sakan Nenad , Simić Zoran , A. Srećković Vladimir , Dechev Momchil
Published: November 2024

In order to describe a dense plasma the approach of cut-off Coulomb potential was used. After testing of model the step further was made. Inclusion of more complex models has been conducted with the help of Hartree-Fock generated potentials. Although the potentials were a good way to describe a complex emitters in a plasma the step forward in describing a collective phenomena of plasma was needed. The simple, but still a nice model introduced coming in focus was considering a plasma as a composition of dense packed ions, and as such a model of dense sphere packing came in place. Here a model that includes inter-ionic distances based on plasma density as well as simplest Debye screening model, rough for dense plasma has been used to generate more applicable model potential of emitter in dense plasma than earlier considered simple cut-off one. The complex model potentials are generated and solved for several temperatures and densities of considered plasma. The work on inclusion of more complex plasma interactions is going on.
ON THE ORIGIN OF THE NORTH POLAR SPUR
Authors: Urošević Dejan , Arbutina Bojan , Andjelić Milica
Published: November 2024

In this poster, we reanalyze the origin of the North Polar Spur (NPS) in order to determine whether it is very old local supernova remnant (SNR) or local superbubble created by a few subsequent supernova explosions from the same stellar association, or a distant object of immense extension, on the Galactic scale, associated with a giant explosion from the Galactic center. We use recent radio-spectral data, presented in Iwashita, Kataoka and Sofue (2023) and the distance and size estimate of NPS from Das et al. (2020). Magnetic field strength obtained from the equipartition calculation, the shape of radio-spectra and position of NPS on the radio- surface brightness – diameter relation suggest that this object could be a remnant expanding in a low-density bubble or a superbubble as a result of multiple explosions.
Exploring education and labor market outcomes: insights from diverse global contexts
Authors: Albarico Genalie , Galigao Regina
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the relationship between education and labor market outcomes across various countries, focusing on the ways educational systems shape employment opportunities, job quality, and income levels. Through the analysis of educational factors such as attainment levels, institutional types, training participation, and certifications, the research examines how disparities in access to quality education contribute to unequal labor market participation, particularly among marginalized populations. It also highlights successful strategies from different nations that align education with workforce demands to promote economic equity and growth. The findings reveal that higher educational attainment is strongly associated with better employment prospects, reduced unemployment, and higher income, as evidenced in Germany's robust vocational training programs and Kenya's efforts to improve opportunities for women. However, persistent gaps in educational access and quality, particularly in rural areas and underserved communities, continue to limit equitable labor market outcomes, as seen in countries like Nigeria and Mexico. Programs such as Germany’s dual education system and certifications provided by TESDA in the Philippines demonstrate the potential of aligning education with industry needs to enhance employability and address skill mismatches. This study underscores the importance of improving access to quality education, fostering vocational training and apprenticeship opportunities, and addressing systemic inequities to create inclusive and resilient labor markets. By implementing these strategies, countries can harness the potential of education to foster long-term economic growth and address global inequality.
Makna Kesetiaan dalam Perjanjian Allah: Analisis Kontekstual Kitab Hosea
Authors: Priyono Joko , Pangngaroan Andarias , Sarungallo Rahel Rati
Published: November 2024

This study examines God's faithfulness in the book of Hosea by highlighting its relationship to covenant theology, which is at the heart of God's relationship with His people. The book of Hosea depicts God's faithfulness through the symbolism of Hosea's marriage to Gomer, which reflects a loving and forgiving relationship amidst the unfaithfulness of the people. This study seeks to fill the gap of previous research that has mainly focused on the symbolic aspect of Hosea's story, emphasising the theological meaning of God's faithfulness in the covenantal context. Through the literature review method, this study explores the nature of God's faithfulness, its relationship to covenant theology, and its implications for Christian faith. The findings show that God's faithfulness goes beyond formal attachments, involving a deep love that restores unfaithful people. The research affirms that God's faithfulness is the basis of restoration and hope, which is culminated in the fulfilment of the covenant through Jesus Christ.