bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Electronic Kanban Management System in Steel Structure Engineering of an International Expo Centre
Authors: Guo Jun Li , Teng Jia Ying , Li Shu Qin , Wan Dong Yan , Jiang Xue
Published: December 2012

E-Kanban management is an effective tool to achieve lean and just-in-time(JIT) production. Based on the analysis of the traditional Kanban and the advantages of E-Kanban, types and function of E-Kanban in construction industry are proposed. The framework of E-Kanban management in steel structure engineering of an international expo center which covers decision layer, business layer and technical support layer is built in this paper. The E-Kanban management system and the models of E-Kanban in steel structure engineering are designed on basis of this framework. The system focuses on function and application of Transmit E-Kanban, produce E-Kanban, temporary E-Kanban and feedback E-Kanban. The research of this paper provides the theory and practice foundation for the application of E-Kanban in construction industry.
Preparation of Sludge Activated Carbon Adsorbent and its Engineering Simulation Study to Removing Odor
Authors: Jiang Wei , Gong Zhen Long , Zhang Lin Huan , Yan Bo , Jiang An Xi
Published: December 2012

Wastewater is purified in wastewater treatment plant, but this process produce a large amount of surplus sludge and odor including hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and so on. To candle water pollution, the wastewater treatment process leads to serious secondary pollution to environment. This paper mainly studied two problems. The first is using surplus sludge to prepare sludge activated carbon adsorbents. The second is using the product to remove the obnoxious gas in wastewater treatment plants. By analyzing the basic properties of surplus sludge and obnoxious gas, the surplus sludge was used to prepared activated carbon adsorbent by traditional chemical activation method. Final purpose is controlling waste by waste and achieving recycling. Meantime, the deodorization transfer process of sludge activated carbon adsorption was emulated and the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent in normal temperature was found out through the experiment. Besides, by optimizing the filling applicator of the sludge activated carbon, we obtained the operating parameter using the adsorbent to remove hydrogen sulfide and optimizing parameter of adsorbent filling applicator. Thus some reliable technology parameters can be offered for engineering application design and operating.
Citric Based Sol-Gel Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Eu3+ Doped NaSrBO3 Phosphors
Authors: Wang Xiao Jun , Li Hui Li , Sun Zhuo
Published: December 2012

This paper reports a low-cost NaSrBO3: Eu3+ red phosphor. It was synthesized by sol-gel method. The effects of preparation conditions and doping concentrations on the optical properties were investigated. The structure, photoluminescence properties, thermal stability of Eu3+-doped NaSrBO3 were examined. NaSrBO3: Eu3+ emits a bright red color centered at 611 nm, which originates from5D0-7F2 transition of Eu3+. The PL intensity reaches the maximum at 2at.%. The prepared NaSrBO3: Eu3+ phosphor shows a better thermal stability under high temperature.
Effect of Heat Treatment to Ni-20wt.%Al Coating Diffusion
Authors: Wang Ji Xiao , Sun Jian Fei , Wang Zhi Ping
Published: December 2012

Ni-20wt.%Al coating was fabricated on the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy substrate in twin wire arc spraying technology. Heat treatment temperature was 400°C，480°C and 550°C, and each heat treatment time was 4h, 24h and 48h. Reaction mechanism and diffusion behavior of elements of coating/substrate interface were discussed. The XRD results showed that NiAl and Ni3Al phases were diminished and the nickel solid solution was gradually improved in volume. And some oxide phases existed, such as two types of alumina and nickel oxides. The SEM and EDS analysis showed, there was no obvious diffusion. At the low temperature condition, the diffusion phenomenon was existed in the interface.
The Sn Nano-Particles Coated on MCMB as Anodes Material for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Deng Min Jen , Tsai Du Cheng , Ho Wen Hsien , Li Hui Nien , Li Ching Fei , Shieu Fuh Sheng
Published: December 2012

Sn nano particle coatings on MCMB powder, as anodes of lithium ion battery are carried out in SnSO4 solutions by using cathodic electrochemical synthesis and subsequently dried at 100°C. The electro-deposition reaction was follow: Sn2+ + H2O ↔ SnOH+aq + H+; SnOH+aq ↔ SnOH+aqs + e-; SnOH+ads + e- → SnOH; SnOH + H+ + e- → Sn + H2O. The Sn-coated MCMB specimens are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and charge/discharge tests. The nano-sized Sn particles coated on MCMB powder are obtained in 0.2M SnSO4 solutions and desoition current 0.5A. An important parameter in electrode preparation is the adhesion of the coating to the current collector, which greatly affects the cyclability of the electrode. Therefore, the relationship between adhesion strength and cycle performance was investigate in this study. Charge/discharge cycle tests elucidated that Sn-coated MCMB showed higher capacity than MCMB. Compared with MCMB, the second discharge capacity of Sn–coated MCMB increased about 28.8%. After 50 cycles, the reversible capacity was about 339.6 mAhg-1. The capacity retention ratio C25/C2 was about 80.87%. It was shown good cycle life due to the nano-particles effects retarded to Sn aggregation.
Mini Wind Plant to Power Telecommunication Systems: A Case Study in Sicily
Authors: Ciulla Giuseppina , Franzitta Vincenzo , Lo Brano Valerio , Viola Alessia , Trapanese Marco
Published: December 2012

The ever increasing problems related to air pollution and the difficulties for power lines to reach inaccessible areas are pushing to find new solutions for powering telecommunications equipments (TLC). The renewable energy systems, although relatively expensive, have the required characteristics. The purpose of this work is to find a solution based on a low power wind turbine to serve a real telecommunication site located near Palermo, the main city of Sicily (Italy).
Low Carbon Scenario for Thailand Power Sector
Authors: Wangjiraniran Weerin , Nidhiritdhikrai Raksanai , Vivanpatarakij Supawat
Published: December 2012

The objective of this study is to explore the picture of low carbon scenario focusing on Thailand power sector. Impact of related key factors on the emitted greenhouse gases have been evaluated quantitatively, e.g. economic and industrial restructuring, building code upgrading, and fuel switching for power generation. The reference scenario is initially created on the basis of the existing national plan. An alternative scenario of low carbon growth with the additional mitigation options have been comparatively simulated. The results indicate that the existing plan may not lead to the concept of low carbon growth. The proposed mitigation option in the LCS scenario is resulting in the saturated level of greenhouse gases emission in power sector. The emitted GHG can be possibly delinked apart from the growing of economic activities in the emerging country like Thailand.
Evaluation System of the Portable Pilot System Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Wu Yong Jun , Peng Guo Jun , Zhang Xing Gu
Published: December 2012

The appearance of pilotage system has brought unprecedented convenience and innovation to ship pilotage. however, these systems also brought some potential risks, such as the limitations of these data timeliness, reliability, stability of the system and so on. Pilotage is a system engineering ,which related to both human influence and external factor .A sole factor is likely to generate enormous losses, safety is most important part of pilotage. In order to ensure the safety of the ship’s pilotage .Comprehensive assessment of the pilotage system is necessary, of the ship. Forthputting the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,this paper establish the assessment system, and take comprehensive performance assessment of the pilot system, which entitled us a digital evaluation of the pilot system.
Water Energy Generation and Operational Optimization in Water Conveyance Systems: A Case Study
Authors: Besharat Mohsen , Aalami Mohammd Taghi , Dadfar Avin
Published: December 2012

In the current century environment and energy are the two most vital issues in human’s life. In this work, an optimization in consumed energy of a Water Conveyance System (WCS) is considered. There is a case study of a WCS in Iran named Tikan-Tappe Water Conveyance System. The mentioned WCS has been reformed by some changes in order to achieve the best operational situation. The goal of this research was stated on finding a way to reduce the electricity consumption and electricity cost of the system. The layout of system has been altered and simultaneously the electricity generation has been considered. As a result the water energy in the system has been created. In fact an energy conversion occurred and the kinematic energy of water converted to electricity by employing a turbine. In addition to these changes, the operational time of the system has been revised based on the electricity tariffs of the region. Total electricity cost of the Tikan-Tappe WCS has been reduced by around 23%. Furthermore, because of using a clean energy source, the presented solution is an effective environmentally-friendly solution.
Optimizing Alkali Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Ethanol Production by Application of Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Duangwang Sairudee , Sangwichien Chayanoot
Published: December 2012

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a potential source of cellulose which can serve as a promising raw material for the production of ethanol. The increasing interest on use of lignocellulosic waste for bioconversion to fuels and chemicals are justifiable as these materials are low cost, renewable and widespread sources of sugars. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of NaOH concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time for alkali pretreatment to increase the amount of cellulose for hydrolysis to achieve high glucose yield. Batch reactions were carried out under various reaction temperature, reaction time and NaOH concentration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was followed to optimize the alkali pretreatment in order to obtain high amount of cellulose (%). The optimum reaction temperature, reaction time and NaOH concentration were found to be 130 ˚c, 40 min and 15% (w/v), respectively. The maximum value of cellulose was obtained 68.8% by using the above condition. 19.96 g/L glucose was achieved when reaction was carried out at 130 ˚c for time period of 90 min when 6% (w/v) of H2SO4 concentration maintained.
Potential Study of Electricity Generation 1000 MW with Biogas in Thailand
Authors: Vivanpatarakij Supawat , Wangjiraniran Weerin , Nidhiritdhikrai Raksanai , Wiwattanadat Dawan
Published: December 2012

Thailand, electricity production form biogas has been interested for replacement nuclear and fossil power plants. Current status of electricity production from biogas is 155 MWe, and more potential of current capacity is 380 MWe. Additional, energy crops have a potential for another source of biogas. For this study, electricity production to 1000 MW was determined. Napier grass was considered, high growth rate and high production yield. Napier grass 190,000 acre can produce 1000 MW electricity. And economic analysis of electricity production 1 MW was studied, these results show that biogas for electricity 1MW power plant project is not economic under current condition in Thailand.
A Study on Coupled Bending and Torsional Vibrations of Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Bastawrous Mary V. , El-Badawy Ayman A.
Published: December 2012

A parametric study is developed to investigate the effect of geometry, material stiffness and the rotational motion on the coupled flapwise bending and torsional vibration modes of a wind turbine blade. The assumed modes method is used to discretize the derived kinetic and potential energy terms. Lagrange’s equations are used to derive the modal equations from the discretized terms, which are solved for the vibration frequencies. The parametric study utilizes dimensional analysis techniques to study the collective influence of the investigated parameters by combining them into few non-dimensional parameters, thus providing deeper insight to the physics of the dynamic response. Results would be useful in providing rules and guidelines to be used in blade design.
Performance Simulation Research on the Conversion Track Wheel Loader
Authors: Yao Kai , Hou Zhong Ming , Yang Li Hao
Published: December 2012

The wheel loader in the muddy, slippery, ice and snow, soft ground condition working that has slippage, subsidence, instability phenomenon, at the same time efficiency and loss of work capacity. Through to the loader track wheel climbing power, obstacle negotiation ability, changes ability the simulation analysis, has carried on the confirmation to the design proposal.The simulation result indicated that the loader track wheel road surface compatible, the climbing and obstacle crossing ability are good, change nimbly.The track wheel loader longitudinal running stability, ramp driving horizontal stability theoretical analysis, obtains the loader in slope driving max gliding angle relate the friction coefficient between the tire or track and the ground. The max tilting angle related to the loader barycenter closely. Because loader track wheel is used in rubber track, and the coefficient of friction between the tire and the ground is basically the same, so replacing track wheel loader max transverse glide angle and longitudinal glide angle essentially unchanged. Combined with the SolidWorks the conversion track wheel loader barycenter analysis position results, the conversion track wheel loader barycenter and the wheel loader compared under various working conditions are reduced, so the the conversion track wheel loader stability has improved.
Tribological Behaviour of Cu -5W Sintered Powder Composite
Authors: Vettivel S.C. , Selvakumar N. , Ponraj N. Vijay
Published: December 2012

Copper Composites reinforced with tungsten particles were prepared Powder Metallurgy Process. Cylindrical preforms with initial theoretical density of 85% was prepared using a die and punch assembly with a hydraulic press. The preforms were sintered in an electric muffle furnace at 750°C, 800°C, 850°C, and subsequently furnace cooled and then the specimens are hot extruded to get 92% theoretical density. The tribological behaviour of copper and composites was studied on a pin-on-disc tester. The pins were slid against a hardened steel disc under dry ambient conditions. The wear measurements showed that Cu -5W at 750°C extremely high wear loss. However, addition of 5% W particles appeared to improve the adhesive wear resistance of copper significantly under the applied loads of 5–15 N.
Geocomposite Manufactured from PP Nonwoven/HDPE Geonet
Authors: Mankodi Hireni
Published: December 2012

Geogrids are used as reinforcement materials for soil foundation structure in the geotechnical applications. Also, geogrids have the excellent tensile strength and modulus and therefore, geogrids can show the good reinforcement function within the soil foundation structure that the loads are concentrated. However, geogrids don't have the excellent efficiency to control the migration and loss of fine soil particles to be passed due to the large apertures (opening size).The new concept of reinforced geotextile composites, which can show both functions of reinforcement and separation/drainage and was manufactured by combining nonwoven geotextiiles and geogrid or geonetusing adhesive or thermal bonding process. Geotextile-Geonet Composites compose of geotextile-geonet-geotextilesandwich use for separation and filtration functions. Hence the objective of this study is to manufacture geocomposite for easy installation and better stability of sandwich material in soil condition. This geocomposites are evaluated for its performance.
Analysis of Structures of Cementitious Composites with Recyclates and Dispersion Reinforcement of Polymer Fibres
Authors: Vytlacilova Vladimira
Published: December 2012

The amount of produced construction and demolition waste grows constantly and the current utilisation won’t be sufficient in the future. Thus it is inevitable to support further utilisation of these materials and enquire after more possibilities of its use. A new sphere for utilisation of the recycled materials in cement based composites open polymeric fibres of high strengths. Their use in production of the composite material change the brittle structure to the ductile one that is able to resist tensile stressed after cracking. The article presents findings from a study and analysis of the results of an experimental programme focused on the production of fibre reinforced concrete in which natural aggregate has been substituted with masonry or concrete recyclate.
Mechanical Properties of Stirred SiC Reinforced Aluminium Alloy: Stir Casting with Different Composition of SiC, Blade Angle and Stirring Speed
Authors: Jailani Azrol , Tajuddin Siti Mariam
Published: December 2012

Discontinuously reinforced cast metal-matrix composites are increasingly attracting the attention of aerospace, automotive and consumer goods industries. In this study, SiC particle reinforced aluminium alloy is selected to produce metal matrix composites (MMC) using different of parameters blade angle and stirring speed and composition of SiC reinforcement. Mechanical test, metallographic analysis and fracture analysis will be conducted to investigate mechanical properties of material and to observe particle distribution of SiC reinforcement and fracture properties respectively with varies angles and stirring speed of impellers and different composition of SiC reinforcement. Metallographic analysis on composition records at low speed, there exist a particle collection and gas existence on the specimen. At blade angles of 300, increasing on stirring speed and composition of SiC reinforcement may result better of particle distribution. For mechanical test, different composition of SiC reinforcement, blade angle and stirring speed will be affecting a mechanical property of material. The result of the experiment showed at blade angle 300, stirring speed 100rpm and 10% composition of SiC reinforcement give better result of hardness, ultimate strength, energy absorption, microstructure and fracture of composite. For this study, it proved that at the lower blade angle and the increment on stirring speed and composition of SiC reinforcement give a better result on particle distribution of SiC reinforcement, fracture and mechanical properties for A1-MMC.
The Design and Implementation of Ship Electric Field Measurement System Based on MSP430
Authors: Han Peng , Li Yang
Published: December 2012

The ship electric field has become a new physical field which is widely concerned at home and abroad in recent years. For the research of ship electric field, one of the most effective methods is to measure it underwater. According to the analysis of ship electric field signal’s characteristics, the ship electric field measurement system based on MSP430F149 was designed and the key technologies of software and hardware were also presented in this paper. The results of experiment demonstrated that the system could effectively measure the ship electric field signal in a low SNR. Meanwhile, it has the advantages of low power consumption, high accuracy and credible.
An Alternative Method to Determine Measuring Instrument Fitness for Use
Authors: Leong Lua Kheng
Published: December 2012

Conventional methods to determine measuring instrument fitness for use or at time refers to accuracy of measuring instrument include adopt the accuracy of measuring instrument derives from the specification of the instrument itself, or error of reading from calibration certificate or multiples of resolution and some even consider calibration renders fitness for use. The common weaknesses of these conventional methods do not take into consideration of measurement uncertainty and measurement requirements. This paper researches into an alternative method in line with recent development in metrology as well as users requirements. It not only taking measurement cost into consideration, also meets the requirement of ISO QMS measuring instrument management requirements.
Development of Inspection System for Crack in R.C. Tunnel Lining by Using Knowledge-Based System (KBS)
Authors: Mansoor Yousif A. , Zhang Zhi Qiang
Published: December 2012

Over the last several years, many concrete tunnels have been constructed for roads, highways, and railways. For safety in concrete tunnel, periodic inspection has been conducted using many testing technologies and techniques. However, these technologies cannot replace visual inspection because of their slow and complicated procedures. For this reason, the Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) are used to diagnose R.C tunnel lining crack damage (DICRCTL). In this paper, we attempt to propose an alternative to the human expert, to give technical decisions in diagnosing crack damages in second segment of R.C. tunnel lining. To overcome this requirement, an expert system is developed to achieve the research aim. This proposed system was constructed on a knowledge base that incorporates with the gathered information in the form of rules which is suitable to implement in an expert system environment to diagnostic advisory nature. The proposed application results show an easy, fast and satisfactory answer to engineering needs.
Research and Design of Railway Emergency Rescue Command System Based on Interoperation
Authors: Wang Zi , Wang Yan Hui , Zhang Chen Chen
Published: December 2012

Development of the railway information and intelligent systems has been progressing greatly but in isolation, research on interoperation with information system would solve existing problems in informatization of railway. Through research of construction status of railway information system in china and requirements analysis of interoperability system, we design and build the railway emergency rescue command system and give the hierarchical structure and logical structure of the system.
The Control System Design of Newtextile Machine
Authors: Li Hai Kun
Published: December 2012

It is well-known that China is a textile production and export country, especially in Zhejiang and Hangzhou province, the textile industry is well-developed with tremendous amount of application of textile machinery. This paper is about the design of rapier textile machinery with programmable logic controller, including five major functions: opening weft, leading weft, fighting weft, warping and coiling off weft. It has accomplished the function of detecting a broken weft while leading weft, while the signal of detecting is completed by store, and the function of broken warp while warping. PLC Programmer of S7200 Siemens CPU224 is used.
State-PID Feedback for Magnetic Levitation System
Authors: Wiboonjaroen Witchupong , Sujitjorn Sarawut
Published: December 2012

In this paper we consider stabilization control of a magnetic levitation system by state-PID feedback. First, a linear model that represents the nonlinear dynamics of the magnetic levitation system is derived by the feedback linearization technique. Then, the state-PID feedback control developed from the linear model is proposed. Results are compared between the conventional state feedback technique and the proposed method. The proposed control scheme introducing an integral element to work with the gain can effectively eliminate the state errors. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for disturbance dampening and stabilizing the system.
Optimization of Self Activating Bi-Metallic Valve Using Thermo – Structural Coupled FEA
Authors: Kagadi Matin , Tembhare Girish , Patil Vinaay , Shelke Sujay
Published: December 2012

Besides relying on electronically actuated valves, there is a need to have a mechanically actuated valve and a warning system as second layer of safety in-case of electronic malfunction. The specific process for which optimization is carried out, is the process of nitrous oxide generation from ammonium nitrate. The key challenge in the process was maintaining temperatures below 200°C, as above this temperature ammonium nitrate becomes explosive and hence safety risks are involved. The secondary objective was to maintain temperatures above 170°C, as below this temperature the reaction does not proceed. In this paper we have tried to fulfill these objectives by employing a bi-metallic valve and a warning system having bi-metallic strip which will bend at higher temperatures, thus serving our primary purpose of self-actuation. However the key constraint in determining the dimensions of the valve and the warning system is a desirable deflection of bi-metallic strip. To optimize these parameters we have employed non-linear FEA and thermo-structural coupled FEA, and this paper reflects on the process employed in achieving the same.
A Passivity-Based Power Control Strategy of VSR PWM Rectifier under Unbalance Voltage
Authors: Ma Yu Ling , Wang Jiu He , Xiang Hao
Published: December 2012

In actual application the three-phase gird voltage is unbalanced, but the control strategy of PWM rectifier is always based on balance grid voltage. So the control research of rectifier under unbalance voltage is necessary .In view of the mathematical of rectifier is nonlinear, we will adopt a kind of nonlinear control strategy called Passivity-Based Control (PBC).First based on Symmetric component theory we extract positive sequence of unbalance grid voltage, and then establish the standard Euler-Lagrange (EL) model of rectifier under positive sequence, next we design the system controller based on the PBC theory. Based on passivity of rectifier, we can redistribute the system energy, and improve system performance. Simulation results show that PBC method under unbalance grid voltage is practicable.
Fracture Probability Analysis of Crack Occurrence on a Floating Roof due to Thermal Stress
Authors: Hirokawa Yoshihiro , Nishi Haruki , Yamada Minoru , Zama Shinsaku , Hatayama Ken
Published: December 2012

Several cracks were found on some actual floating roofs of a crude oil tank in the oil refinery located in southern Japan. We assumed that one of reasons would be due to thermal stress caused by temperature changes during the day. In order to consider whether the thermal stress could the cause damages on the floating roof, strain and temperature were measured on the actual floating roof by using optical fiber gauges. Furthermore, fracture possibility due to thermal stress was calculated to discuss whether thermal stress could cause fracture or not. As a result, the probability showed that thermal stresswasnot enough to cause fracture. Anotherexternal factor such as Typhoon could be related.
Desiccant Dehumidification System for Space Radiant Cooling in Tropical Climate
Authors: Kiewkem T. , Chaiwiwatworakul P. , Chirarattananon S.
Published: December 2012

This paper presents an experimental and simulation study on application of a rotating desiccant dehumidification system under a tropical climate. The system was used to dehumidify the ventilation air before supplying to a space where a radiant cooling system was installed to provide thermal comfort. In the study, a computer program of the desiccant system was coded and used to evaluate the system performances. The experimental results show good agreement with the results from coded program. Using the program, the simulation results demonstrate that the desiccant system can reduce and handle the load of the ventilation air. The results also show that in order to remove the whole latent load, the minimum regeneration temperature is 80°C.
Comparison of Heat Losses for Different Shapes and Size Volumes
Authors: Kozakova Marketa , Kubečková Darja
Published: December 2012

The shape of a house significantly affects the amount of heat loss. Compact building, especially without various projections, has a smaller proportion of the cooled surface of the floor surface area and its volume. The ideal shape is a sphere, but in terms of practical use in the cube or block layout is preferable. For this purpose, were created on the same ground plan standards areas and various levels of the circuit. These demonstrate the amount of heat loss, depending on the shape of the object.
The Application and Research of the Double Difference Method about Regional and Telseismic Earthquake
Authors: Wu Ba Teer , Gao Er Gen , Wu Ye
Published: December 2012

The paper rests on the basic principle of the double difference method, through using Kennett and Engdahl(1991)’s IASPEI Earth model which can be used in computation theoretical travel time in the condition of regional and telseismic earthquake .We have developed a double difference program which can be used in the regional and teleseismic earthquake. And utilizes this program to relocate the Jiashi Ms 6.8 earthquake sequence in Xinjiang province on 24/2/2,003, obtained a quite good result.
In-Sewer Aerobic and Anaerobic Laboratory-Scale Degradation Study of Organic Pollutants in Sewage
Authors: Harlina A. , Azni I. , Mohd Omar , A. K. , Norli I.
Published: December 2012

The course of the degradation of pollutants in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble COD (SCOD), phenols, and anionic surfactants was examined both aerobically and anaerobically in sewer-like conditions. The rates of COD and SCOD degradation under aerobic condition were 0.051 and 0.052 mg/L/h, respectively. COD concentration remained unchanged during anaerobic process. However, SCOD was observed to increase with a production rate of 0.010 mg/L/h. The concentration of phenols was observed to decrease at a rate of 0.0211/h remained constant during the anaerobic process. The same profile was observed in the concentration of anionic surfactants, wherein the rate of degradation was 0.0454/h aerobically, and the concentration profile remained constant.
Assessment of Social Impacts of a Reservoir on a Saline Soil Area in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Sirikaew Uba , Seeboonruang Uma
Published: December 2012

Although useful in flood prevention and as the source of water for irrigation and consumption, reservoirs could nevertheless not merely create negative social impacts for those living near them but also wreak havoc on the environment following their construction. These environmental and social impacts should be addressed especially in the Northeastern part of Thailand where their history revolving in salt mines and traditional salt production. The attitude questionnaires were used in this study to assess the impacts of a reservoir operation in a saline soil area on the social changes in 8 aspects. It was found, based on more than 160 replied questionnaires, that even if most respondents saw that the reservoir improved their standard of living in several aspects, a number of the respondents expressed concerns that their traditional way of life and ancient salt production method were disappearing. These people did express their concerns for their own safety, their worries about their community future, and hopes for better future of their own and that of their children.
Recovery of Copper from a High Content of Slime and Refractory Copper Oxide Ore by Flotation
Authors: Feng Qi Cheng , Wen Shu Ming , Xiong Kun , Liu Jian , Bai Shao Jun
Published: December 2012

The study aims to recover copper minerals from a high content of slime and refractory copper oxide ore by flotation process. Based on the research on the properties of the material, the grinding fineness and reagent system are investigated and a technological flow sheet consisting of one roughing flotation, two concentrate flotation, three scavenging flotation and one concentrate-scavenging flotation is adopted. The optimum parameters of flotation experiment are determined as grinding fineness of 90%, dosage of CHO at 200 g/t, dosage of Na2S at 800 g/t and dosage of isoamyl xanthogenate at 1200 g/t. Under such a condition, a copper recovery of 75.03% with a concentrate grade of 18.01% is obtained，which provides a new way for separating the refractory copper oxide ore attached high content of slime.
Properties Change of Black Liquor in Process of Biological Purification Lignin
Authors: Yang Lei , Lu Jie , Yang Rui Feng , Liu Yan Jun
Published: December 2012

Removing the carbohydrate of black liquor through biological treatment to converted it into alcohol, as to improve the purity of lignin. Through the study we found that the content of lignin and carbohydrate decreased in the biological purification process. The content of lignin in alkaline black liquor decreases 12.9% after fermentation. And in alkaline sodium sulfite black liquor it decreases 6.4%. Compared with black liquor, the content of total sugar in soda black liquor decreased 77.1%. And in alkaline sodium sulfite it decreases 77.8%. The lignin purity of two kinds of black liquor will improve after the biological treatment. Lignin of alkaline black liquor by biological treatment and organic matter of black liquor ratio increase 28.74%, which increases 29.35% in alkaline sodium sulfite black liquor. The viscosity and CODcr of two kinds of black liquor will reduce after the biological treatment. The relative viscosity of alkaline black liquor after enzymolysis reduces to 1.178, while the relative viscosity of alkaline sodium sulfite black liquor reduces to1.164. The CODcr of alkali black liquor after biological treatment decreases 15.65%; and the CODcr of alkaline sodium sulfite liquor reduces 10.59%.
Power Grid Construction Project Cost Risk Factors Analysis Based on the Fishbone Diagram Theory
Authors: Niu Dong Xiao , Qiao Huan Huan , Zhai Hui Juan , Lu Xin
Published: December 2012

Combined with the characteristics of the power grid construction projects, based on the fishbone diagram theory, the paper gradually identifies the cost risk factors in power grid construction projects according to the project construction process of project decision-making and feasibility study phase, design and bidding phase, construction phase,and completion of final accounts and summary evaluation phase. The study provides a certain amount of reference for power grid construction project risk management and controlling grid construction costs.
Discussion on the Establishment of Enterprise Cost Management Early Warning System
Authors: Nie Yong Gang , Jing Pei
Published: December 2012

With the rapid economic development, and the competition between enterprises increasingly fierce, the rising costs make many businesses difficult, there have been companies into a small profit or even the edge of bankruptcy. Cost risk is inevitable in the course of business for every enterprise. Establishing the cost management early warning system can prevent the risk of cost control effectively, and help enterprises to improve the level of integrated management.
Realization of Interoperation Process of One Example Highway Management Information System
Authors: Wang Yan Hui , Wang Zi , Zhang Chen Chen
Published: December 2012

In realization of interoperation process of inter-provincial interconnection charges security management and highway emergency response and service systems, breadth-first interoperation, depth-first interoperation and mixed interoperation are widely used. This paper gives a brief introduction of these three methods. And for breadth-first interoperation, gives the example of authentication that used in the real system. At last, for mixed interoperation, the cost function and the steps in realization is talked about.
Research of Logical Reasoning and Application Based on Granular Computing Rough Sets
Authors: Wang Wei , Xiong Sheng Wu
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the information granule based on granular computing is discussed, the granular computing formula of IS (Information System) uncertainties reasoning based Rough and its processes have been proposed. The fish disease diagnostic information data are fuzziness, randomness and uncertainties in the field of aquaculture. The logical reasoning algorithms are described using fuzzy decision table, which is composed of the condition attributes granules formed by the fish disease symptoms sets and decision granules formed by the fish diseases sets. This method is that fish disease diagnostic rules acquisition process, not only can promote the development of granular computing theory application, but also provide a new method for fish disease diagnosis.
Assessment of Distributed Generation on the Efficiency of Single Wire Earth Return Systems
Authors: Vo Thai Hau , Ravishankar Jayashri , Fletcher John Edward
Published: December 2012

Single-wire earth-return (SWER) systems are low capital and maintenance cost distribution systems, which have been chosen and widely built in many rural parts of the world. While low load density is main cause of over voltage phenomenon, voltage drop problems caused by continuously increasing electricity consumption is more common and requires urgent attention in order to enhance system capacity and reliability of aging SWER systems. This paper will investigate potential alternatives for given problem, include conventional solution such as capacitor bank compensation. Case studies on the Wambo Creek SWER system are used to assess the impacts of integration of renewable or distributed generation against other mitigations and the issues are discussed.
Parallelizing GF (p) Montgomery Elliptic Curve Crypto-System Operations to Improve Security and Performance
Authors: Alkhatib Mohammad , Jaafar Azmi , Said Mohamad Rushdan Md , Zukarnain Zuriati Ahmad
Published: December 2012

The elliptic curve crypto-system (ECC) performs two levels of computations, lower point operations, and upper scalar multiplication levels. The use of usual serial design and affine coordinates to apply ECC computations increases the time delay and weaken the security of the crypto-system against simple power attack (SPA). This work combines the inherited parallelism in both computation levels for GF (p) Montgomery ECC to improve performance and enhance the immunity of the ECC against SPA. Moreover, projective coordinates were used to apply ECC operations to eliminate the time-consuming inversion operation. In order to increase the speed even further, this paper proposes to use known NAF algorithm for scalar multiplication, as well as Montgomery multiplier to perform multiplication operations. Hardware implementations with target FPGA for GF (p) Montgomery ECC are also presented. The best performance level was achieved when parallelizing Montgomery ECC computations to eight parallel multipliers (PM) using homogeneous coordinates. Such strategy, although it requires extra resources, is worth considering due to its attractive security and performance conclusions.
Development of a Reliability Course for Emerging Circuits and Systems
Authors: Lei Chi Un , Man K.L. , Lim Eng Gee , Zhang Nan , Wan Kai Yu
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a curriculum design of a course about reliability of circuits and systems. Contents in the learning modules include failure mechanisms of electronics, reliability for electronic components and circuit systems and simulation for circuit reliability. Through learning modules, students can learn concepts about reliability in circuits and systems, as well as develop awareness to design a reliable circuit system.
Analysis and Application of Class and Interface in C# Language
Authors: Xu Jin , Liu Guo Qiang
Published: December 2012

This paper analyzes the class, class members, interface and interface members in C# language. Then uses an example based on inheritance in the class and interface to illustrate their use in the actual project. It helps the program code to write, read, maintain and modify that under correctly understanding and definition of class and interface.
Empirical Tests of Scale-Free Characteristic in Open Source Software: A Replicated Case Study
Authors: Wu Fang Jun
Published: December 2012

Open source software systems are becoming increasingly important these days and will grow stronger in the future. In order to gain more information about them, their structure characteristics and behavior characteristics need to be measured. This paper tests scale free characteristics on open source real-world software empirically. More specially, this paper checks whether Chidamber and Kemerer metrics suite follows power law or not through three versions of Weka. Our empirical results showed that the features of complex networks didn’t exist in Weka.
Investigations on the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Processed AZ31B Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Balamurugan K. Ganesa , Pushpanathan D. Peter , Mahadevan K.
Published: December 2012

The present study investigates the effect of process parameters like tool rotational speed and tool feed on the mechanical and tribological properties of friction stir processed AZ31B magnesium alloy. The experiments were conducted with 3 level 2 factors full factorial design with two replications. The responses were tensile strength, microhardness and wear. The results were analyzed with the help microstructures of the processed samples. The study reveals that, for all responses, the most significant influencing process parameter is the tool rotational speed.
Graphene Basics and Applications
Authors: Banwaskar M.R. , Dachawar S.N.
Published: December 2012

Graphene is a form of carbon just one atom thick, it has an array of physical properties that promise to revolutionize electronics and other technical fields. Since the first reports of its discovery in 2004, work on graphene has largely stressed understanding the fundamentals of the two-dimensional material over pursuing applications for it. Graphene may become a key enabling material, paving the way for a new generation of high-speed nanoscale electronics with consequences and breakthroughs similar to that of silicon’s in the last few decades. In this paper we present the evolution of this fascinating material, beginning with early observations and moving into the practical applications.
The Comparison of Surface Roughness Characteristics Achieved by the Machining with Conventional and Unconventional Geometry of Tools
Authors: Monka Peter
Published: December 2012

The paper deals with the experiments realized by means of cutting tool with linear cutting edge not parallel with the axis of the workpiece in order to be observed the suitable values of surface roughness characteristics in dependency on the feed and cutting speed. During experiments were machined three types of steels. Acquired data were statistical processed by regression analysis. The results of the measurements show that the investigated cutting tool enables to secure the same values of surface profile characteristics of steels as a classical cutting tool at finishing with the significant increase of the feed per revolution. It directly influences length of the technological operation time which is several times shortened and so the machining productivity can increase.
Surface Roughness Characteristics and Structure of Steel C45 after WC-Co Coating and Laser Treatment
Authors: Monkova Katarina , Monka Peter
Published: December 2012

The article deals with the influence of the laser melting process on the surface roughness characteristics of the coat deposited on material by electrospark way granted by KEGA 035TUKE-4/2011 project of Ministry of education of Slovak republic. The aim of the article is research of material properties after coating by WC-Co and laser treatment. As the research method were used experiments and tools of statistics. Experiments were carried out on WC-Co coat (the anode), which was deposited on C45 carbon steel (the cathode) and molten by a laser beam. After surface treatment were analysed of changes in surface structure of the coat. Results of the research shows influence of parameters of this process to roughness, tribologic properties and morphology of the surface layer prepared by WC-Co coating and laser treatment.
Enhancing the Surface Quality by Iso Pulse Generator in EDM Process
Authors: Muthuramalingam Thangaraj , Mohan B.
Published: December 2012

In automobile and aeronautical industries, complex moulds and dies is produced by Electrical Discharge Machining process. The surface finish is determined by the crater volume in EDM process. The amount of crater volume is influenced by the amount and distribution of discharge energy. The discharge energy is directly proportional to the average discharge current. This amount of current is determined by the duration of discharging effect. This study deals about evaluating the performance of iso current pulse generator on machining characteristics in EDM. Due to its ability of reducing stochastic nature in EDM process, iso pulse generator could produce better surface finish than conventional transistor pulse train generator with higher material removal rate.
Hybridized Genetic Algorithms in the Optimization of a PIFA Antenna Using Fitness Characterization and Clustering
Authors: Ameerudden Mohammad Riyad , Rughooputh Harry C.S.
Published: December 2012

With the exponential development of mobile communications and the miniaturization of radio frequency transceivers, the need for small and low profile antennas at mobile frequencies is constantly growing. Therefore, new antennas should be developed to provide both larger bandwidth and small dimensions. The aim of this project is to design and optimize the bandwidth of a Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) in order to achieve a larger bandwidth in the 2 GHz band. This paper presents an intelligent optimization technique using a hybridized Genetic Algorithms (GA) coupled with the intelligence of the Binary String Fitness Characterization (BSFC) technique. The optimization technique used is based on the Binary Coded GA (BCGA) and Real-Coded GA (RCGA). The process has been further enhanced by using a Clustering Algorithm to minimize the computational cost. Using the Hybridized GA with BSFC and Clustering, the bandwidth evaluation process has been observed to be more efficient combining both high performance and minimal computational cost. During the optimization process, the different PIFA models are evaluated using the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method.
Experimental Investigation on the Formability of 7075 Al – Alloy Sheet in Superplastic Forming Technique
Authors: Kumaresan G. , Kani Kalaichelvan
Published: December 2012

Superplastic behavior of certain metals and alloys having very fine grains, very large tensile elongations are obtained within certain temperature ranges at low strain rates. These alloys can be formed into complex shapes by superplastic forming, a process that employs common metalworking techniques. This paper aims to study the formability characteristic for aluminium material (Al 7075) by considering variable parameters such as sheet thickness of 1.75 and 1.5 mm and the temperature of 520°C and 530°C.