bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuel system controls
Authors: MARRIETTE GRAHAM
Published: February 2008

CONCORDE'S OLYMPUS ENGINES have a hearty appetite for Kerosene. A fuel load of some 25,000 imp gal enables it to operate on transatlantic and other route stages with adequate diversion margins. As can be seen from the diagram, virtually the whole of the wing area comprises fuel tank cells to accommodate this massive load, which weighs almost 200,0001b.
Preventing the shut‐off Punkah louvre from jamming
Authors: BRIERLEY HUMPHREY
Published: February 2008

DURING THE EIGHT YEARS of original research and development of the punkah louvres in Concorde many designs and materials were tested extensively until a unit was produced which operated efficiently between minus 54° and 90°C with velocities of up to 2,000ft/min at an altitude of 65,000ft. The total results exceeded the original design and performance specifications.
Thermoplastic temperature range extended up to 260°C by Polysulphones
Authors: LESLIE J.V.
Published: February 2008

POLYSULPHONES are high temperature engineering thermoplastics. In many respects they extend the use of conventional aircraft engineering plastics to considerably higher temperatures, and can be used continuously up to temperatures approaching 260°C.
Lasers —
Authors: LAZENBY STEPHEN D.
Published: February 2008

EXPLOITATION OF LASER TECHNOLOGY was begun by Ferranti Ltd in the early 1960's by developing and producing gas laser devices for the commercial market. Military laser work evolved out of extensive and varied radar business and in 1967 there was designed, developed and produced a stabilising system for a proposed combination of laser rangefinder and television camera for evaluation by the Royal Radar Establishment. From all this, it soon became clear that the laser would take its place beside radar as a military airborne sensor. Two experimental equipments were built which successfully underwent flight trials in a Canberra aircraft belonging to the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough. One important feature of the early flight trials was that the laser sensor was integrated from the start with a Ferranti FE 541 Inertial Nav/Attack System (INAS) installed in the Canberra and which currently equips the Harrier. Since the laser is complementary to the type of weapon systems, this was an important achievement.
Lasers —
Authors: LARRY JACOB R.
Published: February 2008

A STRAIN MEASUREMENT SYSTEM designed for the study of strain gradients and contours in large surfaces such as sheet glass is capable of scanning the entire surface, making continuous strain measurements, store them and plot a surface map of measured strain.
International opportunities in airport design
Authors: MASEFIELD PETER
Published: February 2008

ONE OF THE major consequences of the continued, steady, growth of air transport throughout the world is the growing requirement for airports development. Not only are existing airports having to be improved and expanded but a number of new international airports are having to be planned and constructed to serve both the larger traffic centres as well as the spread of air transport to new business and tourist areas.
The development and prospects of helicopters
Authors: AUSTIN R.G.
Published: February 2008

OVER THE PAST TWENTY YEARS the speed of helicopters has almost doubled whilst the payload carried per pound of helicopter weight has increased more than four times. Thus the productivity of the helicopter per lb of vehicle has increased eight‐fold.
The future of avionics
Authors: Beck G.E.
Published: February 2008

IN WRITING about avionic equipment for the aircraft of the future it is possible to follow obvious extensions of current technology with confidence gradually diminishing as the forecast is advanced. When this confidence has reduced to a level where anything further would be unsupported guesswork the writer may stop. The future beyond is too uncertain to merit discussion.
Developments in Metals for Aircraft
Authors: Sanderson L.
Published: February 2008

EVEN the technical press is inclined to devote more space to developments in aircraft and their component parts than to the metals and materials employed in their construction. In this article the writer proposes to survey the entire field of aircraft metals developed of recent years.
Advanced Materials in Future Aircraft Design
Authors: Dabbs R.G.
Published: February 2008

As Professor Joad used to say — “It all depends what you mean by…” In this instance it all depends what you mean by future aircraft designs. There are many parameters which must be examined when choosing materials for any specific project, these involve material and manufacturing costs, aircraft performance, material performance and costs to the user such as damage tolerance, maintenance costs etc. The way in which these parameters are interwoven will depend considerably on the type of project being undertaken. A light aircraft for the Tiger Club would require a different mix of criteria to an advanced combat aircraft for the RAF. These in turn would be different from the selection that would be made for a one‐shot vehicle such as a booster rocket. In order to narrow this field we will concentrate on the type of aircraft which is typical of Kingston designs, the small high performance aircraft for use by the Air Forces of the world.
New High Strength Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Holl H.A.
Published: February 2008

THE highest strength wrought aluminium alloys currently available are based on the aluminium‐zinc‐magnesium‐copper system, and such alloys offer considerable potential for weight savings in airframe structures. However, these alloys have presented problems in service, arising from deficiencies in fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation resistance together with a susceptibility to exfoliation corrosion and stress‐corrosion, which have led to restrictions being placed on their use by individual aircraft companies and by procurement authorities in a number of countries. This situation has led to the wide‐spread use in the UK and continental Europe of lower strength alloys of the aluminium‐copper‐magnesium‐silicon type, even though significant weight penalties are incurred in the process. There has been a more general acceptance of the high strength aluminium‐zinc‐magnesium‐copper alloys in the USA, where problems associated with their use have been partially alleviated by a willingness to replace components at short intervals, but even so during recent years a trend has developed there towards the use of lower strength versions of these alloys in attempts to improve airframe durability and reliability.
Head‐up and other Displays
Authors: Smith J.H. , Chorley R.A.
Published: February 2008

ELECTRONIC Head‐up Display systems have now been under development in the UK since the mid 1950's. All applications to date have been to military aircraft and it is now generally accepted that an electronic HUD is an essential component of the avionic system of virtually all modern strike aircraft. The original development work was prompted by the need for a flexible and comprehensive display for use in the realy types of low‐level strike aircraft, as this mode of operation requires extra data to be displayed and a wider optical field of view than could be provided by the then existing electro‐mechanical gun sights.
Altimeters—The way ahead
Authors: Du Feu A.N.
Published: February 2008

THE altimeter is one of the most important aircraft instruments, and is likely to remain so for many years to come. It is pertinent therefore to attempt to forecast what the future holds for this instrument. As the future is to some extent an extrapolation of the past, it is germane to review briefly the altimeter's development history. A study of the subject reveals four key features which are responsible for the present form of the instrument and which will determine its future development. These are:—
Safe Access for Maintenance — Aero‐Docks Technique
Authors: Williams D. , Bristow I.R.
Published: February 2008

IN the early days of aviation aircraft were, by present standards, very small, and it was therefore not necessary to give much thought to the method of access to the aircraft. But after the Second World War the increasing size of passenger aircraft and their more sophisticated maintenance requirements resulted in a need for structures of varying heights which would enable the maintenance engineer to reach the higher areas of the aircraft. In addition, safety had become a much more important consideration, and it was unacceptable for engineers to work on primitive and unsafe structures.
The ‘LYNX’ — into the 80's
Authors: Berrington D.
Published: February 2008

The origin of the Lynx stems from a Memorandum of Understanding, signed by British and French Governments in 1967, whereby it was agreed to co‐operate in the design and development of a helicopter ‘package’ for utilisation in the Armed Forces of both Nations.
‘Lynx’ Product Support Digest
Authors: Howden Ltd Airscrew
Published: February 2008

The Westland Lynx helicopter is a particularly fine example of the use of advanced fan technology in modern aircraft applications. The firm of Airscrew Howden have come a long way from their original manufacture of the wooden ‘prop’ but they still continue to play a very essential part in all types of aircraft flying today; this takes the form of sophisticated fan designs to cover a wide variety of special air‐movement requirements that can arise in this sector.
Design Considerations Affecting Performance of Glass/Plastic Windshields in Airline Service
Authors: Olson Jan B.
Published: February 2008

Since this paper was first published additional work has been carried out which, though not affecting the stated conclusions contained in the information herein, has brought about additional beneficial results and knowledge. Consequently, a second article will follow as a sequel to that now published.
Selective Plating — Part 2
Authors: Rubinstein Mary
Published: February 2008

This characteristic is important enough in aircraft maintenance to be covered separately. Considerably less embrittlement than that in bath plating is realized in selective plating. With one proprietary solution, Cadmium LHE (Code SPS 5070), hydrogen embrittlement is almost negligible. Selectively plated nickel and nickel‐tungsten alloys also can be plated with so little hydrogen content that no baking for embrittle‐content that no baking for embrittlement relief is required.
The Design and Development of Glass Windscreens for Wide‐bodied Aircraft
Authors: Bruce R.S.
Published: February 2008

FOR many years most transport aircraft throughout the world have used a uniform windscreen construction with a single ply of tempered glass for pressure resistance, combined with a thick polyvinyl butyral interlayer and one, or more, thin facing ply glasses. The thick interlayer is usually reinforced at the edges with a metal insert and acts as a diaphragm to provide bird impact resistance, and also serves as a secondary load path to contain pressurisation in the event of failure of the primary glass ply. Installation of this type of windscreen is by conventional bolts, passing through the edge reinforcing metal insert.
Titanium at Farnborough
Authors: Peacock D.K.
Published: February 2008

Titanium means innovation. In twenty‐five years since its first production the metal and its alloys have been developed to satisfy an ever‐widening range of manufacturing processes and final applications.
106 … And all that
Authors: Tye Walter
Published: February 2008

In aviation safety circles conversation is liberally sprinkled with the magic words “Ten to the Sixth”. At the risk of insulting the intelligence of the majority of the readers, let me interpret. “Ten to the Sixth”, which is written 106, is simply shorthand for ten multiplied by itself six times, in other words one million. 105 or 107 or 108 or whatever all follow the same rule. Ten to the minus seven, written 10−7, is one divided by ten million, and so forth, solely to avoid writing innumerable zeros.
Cooling Turbine Technology
Authors: Giles G.R.
Published: February 2008

Aircraft air‐conditioning has developed over a period of about thirty years. In that time the general appearance of the hardware has changed surprisingly little. The components used remain the same as in the earliest application; air to air heat exchangers, high speed expansion turbines, valves and water extraction devices combined into what is now referred to as “Environmental Control System”. Although the basic form of the components has changed little, the arrangement of the components within the system and their method of operation have changed considerably and we are now on the threshold of even more radical changes.
British Airways Tri‐Star
Authors: Ford Terry
Published: February 2008

British Airways has for some time been operating TriStar ‐1 aircraft over a wide range of sector lengths and is currently planning the introduction of the ‐500 longer range variant in 1979. Development of the engineering aid maintenance organisation to support these wide‐body aircraft has progressed in parallel with the increase in the airlines' fleet, and has had to take account of the ‘Reliability’ and ‘Maintainability’ concepts formulated in the 1960's. Commonality of systems and components in the two models ordered by British Airways, and where possible, throughout the TriStar tange, is a significant factor in keeping the cost and complexity of operating different versions of the same aircraft within acceptable limits.
Safety in Civil Air Transport—Then and Now
Authors: Tye Walter
Published: February 2008

A Golden Jubilee provides a splendid excuse, if excuse be needed, for reminiscing about the good old days and for congratulations on the even better present times.
Large Electroformed Nickel Moulds for Aircraft Parts
Authors: Spiro Peter
Published: February 2008

Although some earlier expectations of widespread use of glass reinforced resin for (stressed skin) parts of aircraft were not fulfilled (quality control difficulty with a hand laid up material), glass and other fibre reinforced plastics, “GRP”, plays an increasing role in the manufacture of light as well as large 'planes. There is an incentive to use GRP whenever not only lightness but also freedom to use complex curved shapes is needed, permeability to radar sometimes forming a further attraction.
All Weather Cockpit Canopies … 1
Authors: BURNHAM FRANK
Published: February 2008

A new generation of advanced, supersonic, fighter aircraft windshields and canopies is taking shape at the Sylmar, California facility of Sierracin Corporation under the impetus of an Air Force search for the ideal transparencies for current and future US fighters.
Flight Deck Alarm Systems
Authors: EDWARDS ELWYN
Published: February 2008

The increase in sophistication of aircraft has led to considerable escalation in the complexity of their alarm (i.e. warning and caution) systems in recent years. Each individual alarm requires careful design in human engineering terms to ensure its validity in the environment of the aircraft flight‐deck.
Design‐to‐Cost and Aerospatiale's Aircraft Division
Authors: ETESSE ANDRE
Published: February 2008

Design‐to‐cost (DTC), a new American design control method, was almost unheard of in Europe only a few years ago. Since 1976, Aerospatiale's Aircraft Division has set up the means needed to implement a method which is derived from design‐to‐cost and is intended for new civil aircraft programmes. The Aircraft Division calls it “Conception pour in Coüt Optimum” (CCO).
The Use of the Variable Focus X‐ray Tube in the Aerospace Industry
Authors: RIDDER HENRY J.
Published: February 2008

Radiography has been used in industry for many decades and it has been of major significance in the aerospace industry. When an inspection method such as Radiography has been successfully used for such a long time, it becomes difficult to realize that its full potential has not yet been reached.
Inertial Referenced Flight Inspection System
Authors: VOUSDEN P.R.
Published: February 2008

Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) provide aircraft guidance information during the most critical phase of the flight profile. Almost regardless of weather conditions and visibility, the pilot of a suitably equipped aircraft can be reassured that the steering commands provided by his instruments during landing will permit him to avoid local obstructions and to position his aircraft correctly for a safe landing. Data on the required profile in elevation (glidepath) and the required track (localiser) are derived from transmissions from the ground. To ensure correct and continued alignment of these transmissions, initial and periodic calibration of the ILS facilities is required. This checking function, following guidelines laid down by ICAO, is usually performed using accurately calibrated receivers on board a flight inspection aircraft along with an independent aircraft position measuring system that should itself be sufficiently more accurate than the ILS. In this way, any discrepancies between the received ILS data and the independent measuring system can be assumed to be errors in the ILS.
Canadair Challenger
Authors: NEAL RONALD D. , AUBREY ERIC
Published: February 2008

The Canadair Challenger is a high‐speed, long range airplane designed for the business jet market of the 1980s and 1990s; it is an all new aircraft that incorporates advanced airfoil technology, high by‐pass ratio fan engines, advanced materials, advanced systems and a wide body fuselage to provide interior cabin space consistent with the long range capability.
Lubricants for the Aircraft Gas Turbine
Authors: BARCROFT FRANK T.
Published: February 2008

A poor summer in Brazil, and the cost of Aero‐Shell Turbine Oil 750 increases; a decline in beef production in the Argentine and the price of Aero‐Shell Turbine Oil 555 goes up. Such is the complex chain of dependence upon natural products faced by the producers of lubricants for gas turbines — wholly synthetic products derived in part from castor oil, animal tallow and other similar materials.
Satellite Navigation for Helicopters
Authors: GILBERT GLEN A.
Published: February 2008

The Department of Defence of the United States is in the process of implementing a satellite‐based navigation system called Navstar GPS (Global Positioning System). This system will have 24 satellites orbiting in three different orbits, with 8 satellites in each. Full implementation is planned for the mid to late 1980s. Partial use of the system should be possible commencing in the early 1980s. GPS can provide many unique features of particular benefit to helicopters, such as highly accurate airborne area navigation (RNAV) capability; accurate approach and landing guidance solely by reference to the airborne RNAV system; ability to function on a worldwide basis without the need for ground based navigation aids; unlimited capacity. Numerous benefits in addition to highly accurate navigation will accrue from civil application of GPS, including capability for automatic position reporting and air‐to‐air separation assurance. Cost benefits make application of GPS to civil aircraft in general, and particularly helicopters, highly attractive.
ICAO Develops New Pavement Strength Reporting System
Authors: DEVASENAPATHY C.
Published: February 2008

A single system to replace the four existing methods has been proposed for world‐wide use; if adopted by the Council, all users will benefit—airport and aircraft operators and aircraft manufacturers …
Fuel Economy in the Airlines
Authors: FORD TERRY
Published: February 2008

All aspects of fuel economy are currently of great interest and a conference to discuss the interests involved was organised recently by ‘Flight International’ and held in the Lecture Theatre of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Some of the papers are summarised here and the authors of these and their affiliations indicate how wide are the disciplines in which fuel savings can be achieved.
New Aircraft—Where are we heading in the 1980s and 1990s?
Authors: MACDONALD IAN S.
Published: February 2008

This article seeks to discuss some of the many technical and operational changes that will soon be taking place in the advancing world of commercial aviation.
The Space Shuttle
Authors: MERRICK GEORGE
Published: February 2008

Two decades ago, the space age dawned, and we were awakened to a realm of technological possibilities beyond any we had imagined. Since that time, we have linked continents with communication satellites, sent probes to other planets, and seen men on the moon. And, although we have made achievements that were almost inconceivable 30 years ago, we are still far from realising our potential for a future in space.
Is it Safe?
Authors: TYE WALTER , LLOYD TED
Published: February 2008

This final article introduces some examples of safety assessments which, for one reason or another, vary from the conventional patterns. Some are still being developed, for instance methods of assessing active controls, and problems associated with the use of digital computation. The article finishes with a glimpse of possible future trends.
Sea Harrier — A New Dimension
Authors: FORD TERRY
Published: February 2008

On board the first of the new class of anti‐submarine carriers, for the Royal Navy, HMS Invincible, and to join HMS Hermes later this year, the Sea Harrier will also be operational with HMS Illustrious and HMS Ark Royal within the next few years. This aircraft represents a new era for naval aviation at a time when the continuation of fixed wing flying at sea had seemed to be in doubt, and, together with the ‘Ski Jump’ concept, heralds a mode of operation of considerable potential in the marine environment.
The Engineering Council
Authors: Corfield Kenneth
Published: February 2008

Mr. Michael Marshall MP, Parliamentary Under‐Secretary of State for Industry, has told Parliament that Sir Keith Joseph has recommended that the Privy Council advise that a Royal Charter should be granted to establish The Engineering Council and that Sir Kenneth Corfield has agreed to become its Chairman designate.
Trim Tab Excitation System for the BAe 146
Authors: LAWSON PETER
Published: February 2008

Early in 1980 the Flight Instrumentation Laboratories received an order to design and manufacture a Trim Tab Excitation System for the BAe 146.
Electronic Control and Monitoring of Aircraft Secondary Flying Controls
Authors: Farley B.
Published: February 2008

DOWTY ROTOL has recent experience in the design, manufacture and testing of two different electronically controlled wing trailing edge flap high lift actuation systems — one for the British Aerospace B.Ae.146 aircraft and the other for the Construcciones Aeronatuicas/Nurtania CN.235 aircraft. This paper discusses the application of electronics to control and monitor these systems. The resulting equipment is described and the two systems are compared for complexity, type of electronic architecture and reliability.
ECM in Aero Engine Component Machining
Authors: Langdon CJ
Published: February 2008

DIFFICULT to machine, high temperature materials have been introduced at an ever increasing rate into aircraft propulsion systems over the last twenty five years. Over the same period, the aircraft industry has had an ‘on‐off’ affair with electrochemical machining (ECM).
The Glass Cockpit ‐Displays for Multi‐Colour Presentation of Large Quantities of Information
Authors: Heinz Hermes Ing.
Published: February 2008

FAULTLESS, error‐free communication between man and machine, as well as between individual assemblies is of vital importance for reliable aircraft operation. The term ‘man/machine communication’ is interpreted in this context as the output of information offered by the aircraft equipment and the entry of commands and information in the aircraft system by the human operator. Machine/machine communication, on the other hand, means integrated operation of the individual subsystems of the aircraft.
Fastening Composite Structures With Huck Fasteners — Part 1
Authors: Phillips Joseph L.
Published: February 2008

THIS presentation on fastening of composite structures includes material characteristics, hole generation parameters and methods, types of fasteners available and automation equipment and approaches.
Aspects of Aviation Coatings
Authors: Hammond Keith
Published: February 2008

The writer remembers — with a healthy nostalgia — when data sheets still included information on medium taughtening dopes and the chief test‐pilot of his principal account raced a greyhound, took bets and qualified for jets as a grandfather. Those were indeed the days and we speak of Blackburn Aircraft Limited in the epoch wedged between the Beverley freighter and the Buccaneer, otherwise known as the NA39 fighter‐bomber. An impeccable salute from the commissionaire for which he received a new crisp 10/‐note, breakfast in the flying club with the chief security officer, lunch with ‘Sailor’ Parker later to be tragically killed in action, so to speak, testing the NA39. On summer evenings golf with the purchasing boys on the fine Brough course then, the tasting of fine wines and perhaps, a measure of after dinner hilarity. In between we did a great deal of effective work.
Epoxy Resins in Composite Tooling
Authors: Brain Norman
Published: February 2008

THE routes to producing accurate composite tooling capable of working at elevated temperatures are described in this article by Norman Brain, Ciba‐Geigy Plastics.
Aerospace Elastomers
Authors: Hammond Keith
Published: February 2008

AEROSPACE innovation, research and development, has about it an imperative factor. First is the constant striving for optimum safety, performance, comfort and the need, where appropriate, to compete effectively in the military segment. Further, when we refer to innovation within the aerospace concept, we mean true innovation rather than something tacked on to a component as an appendage, to satisfy fad or fashion. Sharper turns, longer range, higher ceilings and enhanced fire‐power result from authentic innovations; on a less dramatic plane, so does the prolongation of the life of the component — an imperative factor in relation to cost effectiveness. In an earlier article we outlined the contribution made by coatings to the protection of aerospace components and now we intend to similarly cover sister elements under the general head‐ing of ‘elastomers.’
Satellites for Aeronautical Services
Authors: Ford CEng MRAeS Terry
Published: February 2008

AIRCRAFT Communications, Navigation and Surveillance making use of satellite systems will be coming into widespread use during the next few years. The International Maritime Satellite organisation (Inmarsat) will be using and expanding its expertise to fulfil the needs of the aeronautical community in a similar way that it has catered for the maritime users of equipment since 1982. Many groups such as the special ICAO committee on future air navigation systems (FANS) have helped to frame recommendations covering every aspect of the provision of services for aircraft. Working closely with these bodies, Inmarsat has pioneered the development of avionics and antenna systems for operational use.
Real Time Digital Strip Chart Emulation
Authors: Halsey T , Brimbal M , Grottenthaler G
Published: February 2008

The efficiency of range telemetry, as currently practiced, is somewhat limited by the available display technology. The manpower, space and accuracy problems associated with current methods are examined, and the limitations of some new approaches are discussed The concept of Real Time Digital Strip Chart Emulation (RTDSCE), as exemplified by the ES2000 System, and the benefits inherent to such a technical approach are presented and discussed in detail These benefits include reduction of manpower and space requirements by the use of the workstation concept, the elimination of D/A conversion by direct recording of digitised signals, and the facilitation of critical realtime viewing through high resolution video monitoring.
“The Affordable Airplane”
Authors: Wrixon AMRAeS Tim
Published: February 2008

ON 5th October a new American two‐seat side‐by‐side light aircraft made its first flight at Roswell, New Mexico, which could herald in a new era of inexpensive flying training for the man in the street. The aircraft is the De Vore Sunbird which is to sell at about $24,000 and is powered by a British designed and built piston engine, the Emdair CF 092B.
RAF Finds Civil Overhaul More Cost Effective
Authors: Wrixon AMRAeS G.R.
Published: February 2008

IT is no idle claim that, outside of airframe and engines, the biggest supplier of equipment for the Tornado is Westland Technology of Yeovil, Somerset. The Normalair‐Garrett company provides a wide variety of life support and environmental control systems with associated valves, rotating machinery and sensitive regulation and control equipment for the aerospace industry. The Services tend to regard time expired or unserviceable pieces of such equipment as unrepairable or as throw‐away items, to be replaced when necessary by new units direct from stores. But with the need to place greater reliance on outside contractors the RAF has found out that some equipment it used to treat as disposable has come back from the product support organisations as good as new.
Adhesives Fasteners‐Securing the Future
Authors: Sutcliffe Matthew
Published: February 2008

ALTHOUGH adhesives may have been in use for centuries it is really only in the last 30 years that they have come of age in an industrial sense and challenged traditional mechanical fastening methods. Change has been prolific.
Schlumberger Measured up to Highest Aerospace Standards
Authors: Cox Albert
Published: February 2008

WITH an annual turnover of some $100 million, including sales to the processing and general manufacturing markets, the international Transducer Division of Schlumberger Industries embraces five long‐established suppliers to the aircraft manufacturing and aerospace industries. The Division addresses itself to both the civil and military aerospace sectors from three strategic manufacturing locations—in the USA, UK and France. In the USA, there are two design, development and manufacturing operations at respectively Oxnard, California, and Newark in New Jersey. A similar total capability exists in the UK at Farnborough, Hampshire, and at Enfield in Middlesex where incidentally the Division also has its headquarters. The equally endowed French connection is situated at Velizy, on the outskirts of Paris.
MIL‐STD 1760 & 1553B Data Bus the “Dedicated” Contact
Authors: Burcher Glen
Published: February 2008

THE need for and installation of smaller, lighter weight components in Aerospace applications has become more and more evident, especially in recent developments such as Tornado ADV and IDS, Hawk 200 and EFA.
After the Review Panel
Authors: Ford Terry
Published: February 2008

AS an appreciable time has elapsed since the HARP report in 1984, it has been thought appropriate to consider the progress made in helicopter airworthiness since that time. A recent conference at the Royal Aeronautical Society looked at the implementation of the recommendations made and at the successes and less satisfactory aspects of the UK helicopter scene. Of the fifteen recommendations, all have been addressed to some extent with safety improvements in certain areas. Research has been conducted into all the aspects of the report but some require a deal of work yet to be undertaken and benefits from the programmes undertaken will take some time to become apparent.
Traceable Flowmeter Calibration for Performance and Component Testing Procedures
Authors: Griffiths Charles
Published: February 2008

TOUGHER standards imposed by the aerospace industry on engine performance measurement have created an unprecedented reliance upon NAMAS approved high precision testing for flow measurement transducers. The Hydril rig, the result of many months of research and development, is designed to satisfy these requirements.
For the Want of a Drill the Day was Lost
Authors: HERRINGTON G.H.
Published: February 2008

WITH conventional machine tools using conventional tooling, if a single tool was not available the problem was “inconvenient”.
Ultra‐High Strength and Corrosion Resistance Define Today's Fastener Needs
Authors: Kline Lawrence , Lawler Michael
Published: February 2008

ANY discussion of high‐performance fasteners must first define the term because the requirements for “high performance” can vary with the application.
The Use of Cubic Boron Nitride in the Production Grinding Field (Part 2)
Authors: Barnard John M.
Published: February 2008

Functions of the grinding fluid The primary functions of the grinding fluid directly affect the outcome of the grinding process as it takes place at the grinding interface and include:
Current and Future Prospects for High Power Lasers in the Aerospace Industry
Authors: Hoult A.P.
Published: February 2008

THERE are two main types of lasers in use in industry today. These are CO2 gas lasers, which emit a light beam with a wavelength of 10.6 microns, and solid state lasers, generally Nd:YAG (Neodimium Ytrium Aluminium Garnet) with a wavelength of 1.06 microns. However, the use of lasers in the aerospace industry to date is relatively limited for the following reasons:
Investor relations: a Nordic School approach
Authors: Tuominen Pekka
Published: February 2008

The objective in investor relationships is to create common long‐term interaction between the companies and their direct and indirect partner groups in the investor community. Information provided for the investors is a key instrument in investor relationship marketing. The short‐term investor episodes initially form the basis of long‐term investor relations. Various relational bonds of attraction, trust and commitment may evolve in the investor community. Attraction is mainly a future‐oriented bond. It incorporates the expectations of each party concerning the potential rewards of the exchange relationship over time. Trust has its roots clearly in the common history of the relationship, but is essentially also coloured by current expectations about the future. Commitment is the most advanced bond and takes the most time to develop. It primarily reflects the prior history of the relationship. Empirical evidence from the Finnish stock market suggests that success in investor relations requires the companies to extend the scope of investor relations from a mere publication of obligatory annual and interim reports to more frequent, extensive, proactive and diversified two‐way interaction and communication.
Corporate community and the new technologies: concepts for communicators
Authors: Varey Richard J.
Published: February 2008

States that the emerging economic democracy driven by electronically‐mediating communication systems (information sharing technology) is decentralizing the decision process to informed, empowered stakeholders in coalitions over rights and responsibilities. Reports that the modern world is in the throes of creating an information age in which fragmentation, competition and division is giving way to unification and co‐operation as knowledge, technology, and capital flows across the world. Reveals that electronic technology is shifting the critical factor of production from capital to knowledge. The knowledge‐based world has different economic imperatives. Democracy and enterprise have become economically efficient. Information technology provides the communication for the system of complexity which is the knowledge society. Notes that the context of communication is irreversibly changing with the advent of relationships in networked constituencies. The corporate communicator will have to deal with, and be part of, social systems which can balance the opposing forces of community (conformity, belonging, association, and collaboration) and individualism (freedom, co‐operation, conflict, and competition). Corporate communication is a part of this.
Management communication and the psychological contract: the case of air traffic control
Authors: Hallier Jerry
Published: February 2008

Corporate communications models conflict with the management research literature in assuming that managers hold unitary beliefs about organizational interests. In reality, while displaying some adherence to formal goals, managers have a tendency to pursue highly personalised agendas. What is more, endemic tensions in middle manager roles have recently increased in the wake of declining career opportunities and job security. Using a longitudinal case study of job change, shows how middle managers' notions of their self‐interest can conflict with fulfilling the employee psychological contract. In the face of greater penalties for poor performance, middle managers were prepared to neglect and even violate their subordinates' psychological contracts in order to appear to be meeting their commitments to top management. Concludes that the prevailing unitarist assumptions held about managers weaken the corporate communications literature and should be abandoned. Suggests that corporate communications models would be enhanced by revisions which take account of the political nature of management motives and actions.
Business e‐mail for Japanese and their language habits
Authors: Kameda Naoki
Published: February 2008

Japanese business people face a unique situation in figuring out if and how to incorporate the use of e‐mail in their business practices. While e‐mail has many advantages as a tool or corporate communication, Japanese people seem not to fully enjoy such advantages because of their language habits. E‐mail was born and developed in the US, and when we look into the reason, we can see why it collides with Japanese business customs and the language habits of Japanese. In e‐mail no immediate response from the receiver is expected, as it is in speech. In order to write effective e‐mail, one should put oneself in the shoes of the recipient.
News from the Internet
Authors: Luzeckyj Ann
Published: February 2008

The following Websites have useful information for international communication.
The MARC II format
Authors: Kimber R.T.
Published: February 2008

The format for bibliographical records of monographs that will be distributed in machineable form by the Library of Congress and the British National Bibliography as the second stage of Project MARC has now been agreed upon. All significant differences between the records produced in the two countries have been removed and compatibility problems will be minimal.
The cost of an on‐Line circulation system
Authors: Kimber R.T.
Published: February 2008

The unit costs are derived of the presently operating manual circulation system at Queen's University, and the on‐line computer‐aided system in process of development. For the period 1971–1975, during which the computer system is expected to be fully operational, they are: manual system 8.2 pence per loan, computer system 9.4 pence per loan. The computer system is thus 15% more expensive, but it will effect a 45% reduction in the library staff time devoted to circulation work.
The housekeeping of housekeeping a library furniture and equipment inventory program
Authors: Enright B.J. , Cooper J.A.
Published: February 2008

Dr. Herbert Coblans recently remarked in a paper on the mechanisation of documentation that ‘today we can see that the achievements are not so much in the automation of information retrieval as at the level of housekeeping operations …. in libraries’. A description of an operational method of handling The City University library accounts using the computer appeared in Program and since publication it has been developed to remove major limitations, notably the upper financial limit.
A New Computer‐Based Current Awareness Service
Authors: Townley Helen
Published: February 2008

This paper describes a suite of programs designed to produce subject indexes and current awareness bulletins. Output can be by line printer or by photo‐typesetting. Cumulative subject and author indexes can be prepared and the input data can be stored as a data base for information retrieval. An SDI facility, based on the same input, is being planned.
Periodical Records on Punched Cards at AERE Library, Harwell
Authors: Bishop S.M.
Published: February 2008

The periodical and serial publications for the main library at AERE and for its eighteen divisional libraries are all purchased, processed and catalogued centrally by the acquisition and cataloguing section of the main library. At present the number of titles of periodicals and serial publications being received is 1, 875. Many titles are also received in multiple copies. For effective administrative control up‐to‐date listings of the current periodical subscriptions of the divisional libraries are required annually in addition to lists of periodicals obtained through each supplier. The majority of titles purchased are ordered through one main agent, with the exception of those purchased directly from H.M. Stationery Office. A smaller proportion of titles is presented, and a very few purchased, for various reasons, direct from the publisher.
The Bodleian Catalogue as Machine Readable Records
Authors: Brown Peter
Published: February 2008

The Bodleian Library has undertaken, not as an experiment, but on a full production basis for the next five years, the conversion of its pre‐1920 catalogue entries to machine readable records structured for handling by computer. The poor state of the public catalogue of its pre‐1920 books and the uncompleted revision of the library staff's copy of that catalogue presented a situation to which some rapid solution was essential, and it seemed likely that the solution might be found in computer processing.
Use of an ICL 1901 Computer for Listing Archives and Manuscripts
Authors: Block I.J. , Hampson G.
Published: February 2008

Southampton University Library possesses a miscellaneous collection of archives and manuscripts, partly calendared, but for the most part identified only by accession numbers. It was decided to deal with them as follows:
A Note on the Use of MARC
Authors: Line Maurice B.
Published: February 2008

Many librarians seem to assume that most of their cataloguing problems will be solved when MARC becomes fully operational. Mr. Ayres gave in Program an indication of the sort of way in which MARC could be used. Some of the possible difficulties in the way of using MARC should however be pointed out.
Use of an ICL Computer in Southampton University Library. Report No. 4
Authors: Woods R.G.
Published: February 2008

The third report in this series appeared in Program Vol. 2, No. 1 in April 1968. Since that time, the whole structure of research and development in library automation has changed (not only in Southampton), and this report will cover not only the circulation system,but some of those ‘other devices and systems’ mentioned at the end of Report No. 1.
A Computerised Issue System in Brighton Public Libraries
Authors: Allen John
Published: February 2008

Ideally the heading for this report would read ‘a computerised book order, cataloguing and circulation system…’ but necessity has dictated the present order of events. The computer circulation system described here is now operational.
Comparison of UK Computer‐based Loans Systems
Authors: Wilson C.W.J.
Published: February 2008

The Circulation Working Party (CWP) of the Aslib Computer Applications Group met for the first time in November 1968 and formulated its objectives. One of these was the preparation of a list of headings under which computer‐aided circulation or lending systems could sensibly be compared. Subsequently a list was drawn up and agreed by the CWP. The four UK libraries having operational or part‐operational computer‐based loans systems (AWRE Alder‐maston; West Sussex County Library; Southampton University; and AERE Harwell) were invited to contribute, which they readily did. The results were tabulated for presentation as a CWP paper, and the Circulation Working Party considered that they merited publication as a record of the current position in the United Kingdom and as an aid to other libraries which may be contemplating the introduction of similar computer‐assisted lending systems. With a few omissions and a minimum of editing, the returns from the four libraries form the main part of this paper.
On‐line Subject Indexing and Retrieval
Authors: Higgins L.D. , Smith Francis J.
Published: February 2008

A working system is described for the interactive storage of bibliographic information on a random access store and its retrieval by a conversation between the user and computer through an on‐line teleprinter. The index words are drawn automatically from the significant words in the title and subheadings (figure, table and chapter headings) and assembled in a hash‐indexed inverted file. Emphasis to date has been placed on developing the necessary techniques for such a system and in particular on studying the efficiency of different methods of storing and retrieving information about a large number of documents. An unusual feature of the system is that it is updated in a partly interactive mode.
Electronic Data Processing in Regensburg University Library
Authors: Niewaldan Paul
Published: February 2008

Regensburg University Library, in addition to the usual central library, has a number of decentralised departmental libraries. Acquisition and cataloguing procedures are centralised and there is great flexibility in the shelving of books. The departmental libraries (of which there are now 22) hold only a limited number of specially chosen books, relevant to the interests of the department concerned. They are shelved by subject to facilitate browsing and to enable the user to get quickly and directly to the books he is interested in. Older editions and outdated titles are returned to central storage, where they are shelved in the same subject arrangement as before. The same book number is kept; only the local number is changed.
On the Communication of Machine processable Bibliographical Records Part 1: An Analysis of the Draft British Standard
Authors: Cox N.S.M. , Davies R.S.
Published: February 2008

In view of present discussion of the Draft British Standard Specification for the Communication of Bibliographic Information in Digital Form, this group of three papers is published by way of comment and criticism. It is important that fullest consideration be given to these proposals which, by ‘fixing’ an agreed MARC communications format, are likely to have immense impact upon future development and acceptance of automated library services locally, nationally, and internationally. These are essentially working papers, and have been prepared for publication in some haste. Comments on the proposals are welcomed and should be addressed either to myself, or to the authors.—Ed.
Progress at AWRE in the Development of Mechanised Current Awareness Services
Authors: Corbett L.
Published: February 2008

Our object is to develop computer aided systems to alert our staff to current literature relevant to their interests. In the last few years a fair proportion of the rapidly growing current scientific and technical literature's bibliographic references have become available on magnetic tapes. Our policy is to exploit these tapes by using information retrieval systems which are available from external sources, have been developed and proven, and are compatible with our computer facilities.
The Birmingham Libraries' Cooperative Mechanisation Project: A Further Report
Authors: Driver E.H.C. , Duchesne R.M. , Hall A.R. , Wilkins D.J.
Published: February 2008

This gives an account of work done since that reported in Program and up to the end of the feasibility study stage of the project. Activities are noted under the names of working groups responsible for initiating and implementing them.