bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHB3 Is Required for the Assembly and Activity of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wei Qingqing , Chen Baoyin , Wang Junjun , Huang Manna , Gui Yuanye , Sayyed Aqib , Tan Bao-Cai
Published: May 2023

Mitochondrial ATP synthase is a multiprotein complex, which consists of a matrix-localized F1 domain (F1-ATPase) and an inner membrane-embedded Fo domain (Fo-ATPase). The assembly process of mitochondrial ATP synthase is complex and requires the function of many assembly factors. Although extensive studies on mitochondrial ATP synthase assembly have been conducted on yeast, much less study has been performed on plants. Here, we revealed the function of Arabidopsis prohibitin 3 (PHB3) in mitochondrial ATP synthase assembly by characterizing the phb3 mutant. The blue native PAGE (BN-PAGE) and in-gel activity staining assays showed that the activities of ATP synthase and F1-ATPase were significantly decreased in the phb3 mutant. The absence of PHB3 resulted in the accumulation of the Fo-ATPase and F1-ATPase intermediates, whereas the abundance of the Fo-ATPase subunit a was decreased in the ATP synthase monomer. Furthermore, we showed that PHB3 could interact with the F1-ATPase subunits β and δ in the yeast two-hybrid system (Y2H) and luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) assay and with Fo-ATPase subunit c in the LCI assay. These results indicate that PHB3 acts as an assembly factor required for the assembly and activity of mitochondrial ATP synthase.
JAC4 Inhibits EGFR-Driven Lung Adenocarcinoma Growth and Metastasis through CTBP1-Mediated JWA/AMPK/NEDD4L/EGFR Axis
Authors: Ding Kun , Jiang Xuqian , Wang Zhangding , Zou Lu , Cui Jiahua , Li Xiong , Shu Chuanjun , Li Aiping , Zhou Jianwei
Published: May 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common lung cancer, with high mortality. As a tumor-suppressor gene, JWA plays an important role in blocking pan-tumor progression. JAC4, a small molecular-compound agonist, transcriptionally activates JWA expression both in vivo and in vitro. However, the direct target and the anticancer mechanism of JAC4 in LUAD have not been elucidated. Public transcriptome and proteome data sets were used to analyze the relationship between JWA expression and patient survival in LUAD. The anticancer activities of JAC4 were determined through in vitro and in vivo assays. The molecular mechanism of JAC4 was assessed by Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence (IF), ubiquitination assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry (MS). Cellular thermal shift and molecule-docking assays were used for confirmation of the interactions between JAC4/CTBP1 and AMPK/NEDD4L. JWA was downregulated in LUAD tissues. Higher expression of JWA was associated with a better prognosis of LUAD. JAC4 inhibited LUAD cell proliferation and migration in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Mechanistically, JAC4 increased the stability of NEDD4L through AMPK-mediated phosphorylation at Thr367. The WW domain of NEDD4L, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacted with EGFR, thus promoting ubiquitination at K716 and the subsequent degradation of EGFR. Importantly, the combination of JAC4 and AZD9191 synergistically inhibited the growth and metastasis of EGFR-mutant lung cancer in both subcutaneous and orthotopic NSCLC xenografts. Furthermore, direct binding of JAC4 to CTBP1 blocked nuclear translocation of CTBP1 and then removed its transcriptional suppression on the JWA gene. The small-molecule JWA agonist JAC4 plays a therapeutic role in EGFR-driven LUAD growth and metastasis through the CTBP1-mediated JWA/AMPK/NEDD4L/EGFR axis.
Characterization of Early and Late Damage in a Mouse Model of Pelvic Radiation Disease
Authors: Vitali Roberta , Palone Francesca , De Stefano Ilaria , Fiorente Chiara , Novelli Flavia , Pasquali Emanuela , Fratini Emiliano , Tanori Mirella , Leonardi Simona , Tanno Barbara , Colantoni Eleonora , Soldi Sara , Galletti Serena , Grimaldi Maria , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe , Fuccio Lorenzo , Pazzaglia Simonetta , Pioli Claudio , Mancuso Mariateresa , Vesci Loredana
Published: May 2023

Pelvic radiation disease (PRD), a frequent side effect in patients with abdominal/pelvic cancers treated with radiotherapy, remains an unmet medical need. Currently available preclinical models have limited applications for the investigation of PRD pathogenesis and possible therapeutic strategies. In order to select the most effective irradiation protocol for PRD induction in mice, we evaluated the efficacy of three different locally and fractionated X-ray exposures. Using the selected protocol (10 Gy/day × 4 days), we assessed PRD through tissue (number and length of colon crypts) and molecular (expression of genes involved in oxidative stress, cell damage, inflammation, and stem cell markers) analyses at short (3 h or 3 days after X-ray) and long (38 days after X-rays) post-irradiation times. The results show that a primary damage response in term of apoptosis, inflammation, and surrogate markers of oxidative stress was found, thus determining a consequent impairment of cell crypts differentiation and proliferation as well as a local inflammation and a bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes after several weeks post-irradiation. Changes were also found in microbiota composition, particularly in the relative abundance of dominant phyla, related families, and in alpha diversity indices, as an indication of dysbiotic conditions induced by irradiation. Fecal markers of intestinal inflammation, measured during the experimental timeline, identified lactoferrin, along with elastase, as useful non-invasive tools to monitor disease progression. Thus, our preclinical model may be useful to develop new therapeutic strategies for PRD treatment.
Encapsulation of Clofazimine by Cyclodextran: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Release Properties
Authors: Hong Seong-Jin , Kim Young-Min
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of cyclodextrans (CIs) and cyclodextrins (CDs) in improving the water solubility of a poorly water-soluble drug, clofazimine (CFZ). Among the evaluated CIs and CDs, CI-9 exhibited the highest percentage of drug inclusion and the highest solubility. Additionally, CI-9 showed the highest encapsulation efficiency, with a CFZ:CI-9 molar ratio of 0.2:1. SEM analysis indicated successful formation of inclusion complexes CFZ/CI and CFZ/CD, accounting for the rapid dissolution rate of the inclusion complex. Moreover, CFZ in CFZ/CI-9 demonstrated the highest drug release ratio, reaching up to 97%. CFZ/CI complexes were found to be an effective means of protecting the activity of CFZ against various environmental stresses, particularly UV irradiation, compared to free CFZ and CFZ/CD complexes. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights into designing novel drug delivery systems based on the inclusion complexes of CIs and CDs. However, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of these factors on the release properties and pharmacokinetics of encapsulated drugs in vivo, in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of these inclusion complexes. In conclusion, CI-9 is a promising candidate for drug delivery systems, and CFZ/CI complexes could be a potential formulation strategy for the development of stable and effective drug products.
Factors Associated with Normal-Weight Abdominal Obesity Phenotype in a Representative Sample of the Peruvian Population: A 4-Year Pooled Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Guerra Valencia Jamee , Saavedra-Garcia Lorena , Vera-Ponce Víctor Juan , Espinoza-Rojas Rubén , Barengo Noel C.
Published: May 2023

To examine factors associated with abdominal obesity among normal-weight individuals from the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (2018–2021). Cross-sectional analytical study. The outcome variable was abdominal obesity defined according to JIS criteria. Crude (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were estimated for the association between sociodemographic and health-related variables and abdominal obesity using the GLM Poisson distribution with robust variance estimates. A total of 32,109 subjects were included. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 26.7%. The multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between abdominal obesity and female sex (aPR: 11.16; 95% CI 10.43–11.94); categorized age 35 to 59 (aPR: 1.71; 95% CI 1.65–1.78); 60 to 69 (aPR: 1.91; 95% CI 1.81–2.02); and 70 or older(aPR: 1.99; 95% CI 1.87–2.10); survey year 2019 (aPR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.15–1.28); 2020 (aPR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.11–1.24); and 2021 (aPR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.06–1.18); living in Andean region (aPR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.86–0.95); wealth index poor (aPR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.18–1.35); middle (aPR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.08–1.26); rich (aPR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.17–1.36); and richest (aPR: 1.25; 95% CI 1.16–1.36); depressive symptoms (aPR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.92–0.98); history of hypertension (aPR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.03–1.13), type 2 diabetes (aPR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.07–1.20); and fruit intake 3 or more servings/day (aPR: 0.92; 95% CI 0.89–0.96). Female sex, older ages, and low and high income levels increased the prevalence ratio for abdominal obesity, while depressive symptoms, living in the Andean region, and fruit intake of 3 or more servings/day decreased it.
Regional Anesthesia Techniques for Shoulder Surgery in High-Risk Pulmonary Patients
Authors: Lee Bradley H. , Qiao William P. , McCracken Stephen , Singleton Michael N. , Goman Mikhail
Published: May 2023

Patients with pre-existing pulmonary conditions are at risk for experiencing perioperative complications and increased morbidity. General anesthesia has historically been used for shoulder surgery, though regional anesthesia techniques are increasingly used to provide anesthesia and improved pain control after surgery. Relative to regional anesthesia, patients who undergo general anesthesia may be more prone to risks of barotrauma, postoperative hypoxemia, and pneumonia. High-risk pulmonary patients, in particular, may be exposed to these risks of general anesthesia. Traditional regional anesthesia techniques for shoulder surgery are associated with high rates of phrenic nerve paralysis which significantly impairs pulmonary function. Newer regional anesthesia techniques have been developed, however, that provide effective analgesia and surgical anesthesia while having much lower rates of phrenic nerve paralysis, thereby preserving pulmonary function.
Impact of Adenomyosis and Endometriosis on Chronic Pelvic Pain after Niche Repair
Authors: Timmermans Marie , Nisolle Michelle , Brichant Géraldine , Henry Laurie , Gillet Evy , Kellner Betty , Karampelas Stavros
Published: May 2023

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is one of the main isthmocele symptoms, together with abnormal uterine bleeding and secondary infertility. When patients undergo a laparoscopic niche repair surgery, it is important to determine if they present associated pathologies, such as adenomyosis and/or endometriosis, which are also a cause of CPP. A retrospective study was performed on 31 patients with CPP undergoing a laparoscopic niche repair. The pre-operative ultrasound was analyzed to determine the presence of adenomyosis. Endometriosis was histologically diagnosed. CPP outcome was evaluated at early (3–6 months) and late (12 months) post-operative follow ups. In our population of 31 women presenting CPP, only six of them (19.4%) did not have any associated pathology. In the group of 25 patients with associated pathology, 10 (40%) had no benefit from the reconstructive surgery in terms of CPP at early follow-up (3–6 months) and 8 (32%) in the post-operative period at 12 months. Patients with CPP who undergo niche repair should be carefully selected as CPP does not seem to be a good indication for uterine scar repair in patients with concomitant adenomyosis and endometriosis.
Examination for the Factors Involving to Joint Effusion in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Ogura Ichiro , Mizuhashi Ryo , Watarai Yuko , Oohashi Makoto , Suzuki Tatsuhiro , Saegusa Hisato
Published: May 2023

Background: This study investigated the factors involving joint effusion in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Methods: The magnetic resonance images of 131 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of patients with temporomandibular disorders were evaluated. Gender, age, disease classification, duration of manifestation, muscle pain, TMJ pain, jaw opening disturbance, disc displacement with and without reduction, deformation of the articular disc, deformation of bone, and joint effusion were investigated. Differences in the appearance of symptoms and observations were evaluated using cross-tabulation. The differences in the amounts of synovial fluid in joint effusion vs. duration of manifestation were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors contributing to joint effusion. Results: Manifestation duration was significantly longer when joint effusion was not recognized (p < 0.05). Arthralgia and deformation of the articular disc were related to a high risk of joint effusion (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that joint effusion recognized in magnetic resonance imaging was easily observed when the manifestation duration was short, and arthralgia and deformation of the articular disc were related to a higher risk of joint effusion.
Sinonasal Hyalinizing Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Is Molecularly Different from Its Salivary and Breast Counterparts
Authors: Alerraqi Ebtissam , Mandour Essam , Faltas Mariz
Published: May 2023

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is known to behave differently based on its location, histologic features, and molecular profile. Despite this understanding, efforts to use these molecular findings to develop personalized treatments have not yet been successful. The purpose of this retrospective study is to examine the molecular characteristics of AdCC with various histologic features in three different locations. A reference group of 20 classic cribriform AdCC cases from the parotid gland was included, along with 10 salivary AdCCs (Group 1), 10 sinonasal AdCCs with hyalinization (Group 2), and 10 solid mammary AdCCs with basaloid features (Group 3). Tissue samples were processed and tested using various molecular techniques, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the different groups. Molecular data were obtained for both common and rare cases of sinonasal, salivary, and mammary AdCCs, revealing differences in molecular features depending on the tumor’s location. The molecular profile of the AdCCs in the experimental group varied depending on the site, with MYB gene rearrangements being common in all cases. We report the first MYB::KMT2C/D fusions in a subset of salivary AdCCs and sinonasal AdCCs but not in mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma with basaloid features. We conclude that co-occurring genetic alterations may vary among different sites and may have implications for the prognosis and treatment plan of AdCC. More research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of KMT2C and KMT2D mutations in the development and progression of head and neck cancer, including their interactions with the NOTCH pathway.
Course-Keeping Performance of a Container Ship with Various Draft and Trim Conditions under Wind Disturbance
Authors: Himaya Andi Nadia , Sano Masaaki
Published: May 2023

IMO presented the standard for ship’s manoeuvrability which every ship is recommended to satisfy. Although it specifies a full load and even keel condition as the condition at which the standard applies, practically, ships are operated under various loading conditions of cargo. From this viewpoint, the authors have conducted manoeuvring tests of a container ship under five loading conditions with different combinations of the draft and trim, and one of the authors established the manoeuvring mathematical model of the ship for each condition so far. This study focuses on the course-keeping performance of the same ship under these loading conditions under wind disturbance. It is the aim of this study to discuss both the influences of loading condition and wind condition simultaneously on the check helm and attitude of the ship while maintaining the target course. For this purpose, the arrangement of containers and their weight distribution were designed as exact as possible. For example, the ship with a trim by bow, which is commonly preferred for fuel efficiency, needs to have a larger check helm for course keeping, especially under the condition of wind disturbance diagonally from behind. This kind of knowledge would be useful for safe navigation.
Growth of the Mesopelagic Fish Vinciguerria attenuata (Cocco, 1838) in the Strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Longo Francesco , Malara Danilo , Asciutto Emanuele , Battaglia Pietro
Published: May 2023

The age and growth of the slender lightfish Vinciguerria attenuata are investigated for the first time by the analysis of otolith microstructure. A total of 242 individuals (standard length range = 15.3–39.0 mm) are collected from the Strait of Messina (central Mediterranean Sea). The analysis of the length–weight relationship highlights a hyper-allometric growth for all specimens, while when males and females are analyzed separately, the results point out an isometric growth for males and hyper-allometric growth for females, although no statistical differences emerge comparing sex curves (p-value = 0.06). Microincrement readings are considered valid only for 214 sagittal otoliths. Microincrement counts range from 31 to 49 (average = 39.9) in the otolith central zone, 28 to 53 (average = 43.2) in the middle zone, and 15 to 332 (average = 136.1) in the external zone. Overall, total microincrements range between 75 and 418. Different growth models (von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and logistic models) are taken into account to select the best-fitting model in describing the growth patterns in V. attenuata. The logistic growth model is selected as the best-fitting model, and its parameters for all individuals are L∞ = 38.597, k = 0.0104 and I = 122.4.
Compressive Damage and Failure Behavior of Plain-Woven GFRP Sandwich Composite L-Joints of Ships: Experiment and Simulation
Authors: Qin Kai , Yan Renjun , Shen Wei , Gui Siyuan
Published: May 2023

This paper studies the compressive failure behavior of pw-GFRP (plain-woven glass fiber reinforced polymer) sandwich composite L-joints for ships. Six L-joint specimens were subjected to ultimate compressive tests, which show that damage and stiffness degradation started much earlier than any visible signs. A modified fiber kinking criterion is developed for the compressive failure of pw-GFRP layup structure. Moreover, a hybrid stiffness degradation model is applied to simulate the damage progression. The criterion and the degradation model are implemented in simulation through Abaqus user coding. The simulation results are compared with other existing theories, and the proposed criterion is validated by the similar damage initiation time. The combination of the proposed criterion and hybrid degradation model demonstrates a clear advantage over conventional methods in predicting the compressive damage evolution and ultimate failure behavior of the L-joint structure.
Identification and Characterization of Novel Candidate Effector Proteins from Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Liu Di , Lun Zhiqin , Liu Ning , Yuan Guixin , Wang Xingbin , Li Shanshan , Peng You-Liang , Lu Xunli
Published: May 2023

The fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae secretes a large number of effector proteins to facilitate infection, most of which are not functionally characterized. We selected potential candidate effector genes from the genome of M. oryzae, field isolate P131, and cloned 69 putative effector genes for functional screening. Utilizing a rice protoplast transient expression system, we identified that four candidate effector genes, GAS1, BAS2, MoCEP1 and MoCEP2 induced cell death in rice. In particular, MoCEP2 also induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves through Agrobacteria-mediated transient gene expression. We further identified that six candidate effector genes, MoCEP3 to MoCEP8, suppress flg22-induced ROS burst in N. benthamiana leaves upon transient expression. These effector genes were highly expressed at a different stage after M. oryzae infection. We successfully knocked out five genes in M. oryzae, MoCEP1, MoCEP2, MoCEP3, MoCEP5 and MoCEP7. The virulence tests suggested that the deletion mutants of MoCEP2, MoCEP3 and MoCEP5 showed reduced virulence on rice and barley plants. Therefore, those genes play an important role in pathogenicity.
Safe-Haven Currencies as Defensive Assets in Global Stocks Portfolios: A Reassessment of the Empirical Evidence (1999–2022)
Authors: Tronzano Marco
Published: May 2023

This paper reassessed the hedging properties of four major safe-haven currencies (US dollar, Swiss franc, euro, yen) in international stock portfolios covering most representative world macroeconomic areas. The main contribution to the existing literature is the emphasis on optimal hedging and asset-allocation strategies. A further distinguishing feature is an accurate comparison, inside a multivariate framework, between value-at-risk simulations assuming equal or optimal asset weights in hedged global stock portfolios. The US dollar stands out as the best safe-haven currency, while adding the US currency to single-hedged global stock portfolios including either the Swiss franc or the euro yields smooth risk profiles during major financial crises, and average risk indicators lower than that of a benchmark fully hedged portfolio.
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of Canada’s Freight Transportation Framework
Authors: Yousefi Jamileh , Ashtab Sahand , Yasaei Amirali , George Allu , Mukarram Ali , Sandhu Satinderpal Singh
Published: May 2023

Background: Finding trends in freight transportation activities enables businesses and policy makers to build an understanding of freight transportation patterns and their impact on logistics planning when making investments in a region’s transportation infrastructure and intermodal freight transport system. To the best of our knowledge, there is limited literature and data-driven analysis about trends in transportation mode choices and the influencing factors in Atlantic Canada. Methods: In this study, a data-driven method has been used to analyze the Canadian Freight dataset to identify trends in transportation activities within Maritime, Canada. Freight transportation mode, product categories, distance, number/weight of shipments, and revenue were examined. Results: The results revealed that the top five product categories exported from Atlantic provinces to the rest of Canada, the US, and Mexico are miscellaneous items, food products, forest products, minerals, and other manufactured goods, where Truck for Hire is the most deployed mode of transportation. A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the weight, distance, and number of shipments are positively and rather strongly correlated with revenue generation. Conclusions: This study provides a unique overview of Canadian Freight Analysis Framework (CFAF) data with a focus on maritime activities.
Skeletal Modeling in Rhino Grasshopper—A Confirmed Kinematic Model
Authors: Senvaitis Karolis , Daunoravičienė Kristina
Published: May 2023

As musculoskeletal modeling improves, the possibilities of calculating more diverse parameters or performing specific motion analyses increase. However, customization might require a different approach that is not offered by the original software or it requires complex knowledge. Patient lift motion was analyzed in Plug-in-Gait (PiG) marker-set-based kinematic model in Rhino Grasshopper for the range of motion calculation of arms. The model was compared with the biomechanics of body (BoB) 10.5 software kinematic model. For the analyzed model, RMSE evaluated as a percentage of the amplitude varied from 9.17% to 32.44%. The data showed actively accurate results except for a few values that were defined as moderately accurate. All data sets showed strong correlation with the reference model. The tested model was confirmed, since it showed significant data correlation with relative accurate values and was evaluated as suitable for further development and analysis before being put to practical use.
A Chain of Vertex-Sharing {CoIII2CoII2}n Squares with Single-Ion Magnet Behavior
Authors: Alexandru Maria-Gabriela , Visinescu Diana , Shova Sergiu , Cano Joan , Moliner Nicolás , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel
Published: May 2023

A new mixed-valence one-dimensional coordination polymer of formula {[CoII(MeOH)2][(μ-NC)2CoIII(dmphen)(CN)2]2}n·2nH2O (1) was obtained by reacting the Ph4P[CoII(dmphen)(CN)3] metalloligand (dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and Ph4P+ = tetraphenylphosphonium ion) with cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate. The structural analysis shows the formation of a neutral 4,2-ribbon-like chain of vertex-sharing cyanido-bridged {CoIII2CoII2} squares in which the metalloligand underwent an oxidation process and a reorganization to form {CoIII(dmphen)(CN)4}− linkers that coordinate to the [CoII(MeOH)2]2+ units through single cyanido ligands. Both cobalt(II) and Co(III) cations are six-coordinated in distorted octahedral environments. The shortest intrachain distance between the paramagnetic cobalt(II) ions is 7.36 Å, a value which is shorter than the shortest interchain one (10.36 Å). Variable-temperature (1.9–300 K) static (dc) magnetic measurements for 1 indicate the occurrence of magnetically isolated high-spin cobalt(II) ions with a D value of +67.0 cm−1. Dynamic alternating current (ac) magnetic measurements between 2.0–13 K reveal that 1 exhibits slow magnetic relaxation under non-zero applied dc fields, being thus a new example of field-induced SIM with easy-plane magnetic anisotropy. Theoretical calculations by CASSCF/NEVPT2 on 1 support the results from magnetometry. The relaxation of the magnetization occurs in the ground state under external dc fields through a two-phonon Raman process and one intra-Kramers mechanism.
Representing Hierarchical Structured Data Using Cone Embedding
Authors: Takehara Daisuke , Kobayashi Kei
Published: May 2023

Extracting hierarchical structure in graph data is becoming an important problem in fields such as natural language processing and developmental biology. Hierarchical structures can be extracted by embedding methods in non-Euclidean spaces, such as Poincaré embedding and Lorentz embedding, and it is now possible to learn efficient embedding by taking advantage of the structure of these spaces. In this study, we propose embedding into another type of metric space called a metric cone by learning an only one-dimensional coordinate variable added to the original vector space or a pre-trained embedding space. This allows for the extraction of hierarchical information while maintaining the properties of the pre-trained embedding. The metric cone is a one-dimensional extension of the original metric space and has the advantage that the curvature of the space can be easily adjusted by a parameter even when the coordinates of the original space are fixed. Through an extensive empirical evaluation we have corroborated the effectiveness of the proposed cone embedding model. In the case of randomly generated trees, cone embedding demonstrated superior performance in extracting hierarchical structures compared to existing techniques, particularly in high-dimensional settings. For WordNet embeddings, cone embedding exhibited a noteworthy correlation between the extracted hierarchical structures and human evaluation outcomes.
Distributed Finite-Time and Fixed-Time Nash Equilibrium Seeking for Non-Cooperative Game with Input Saturation
Authors: Wang Dong , Gao Zhenzhen , Sheng Long
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a modified distributed Nash equilibrium seeking problem with input saturation has been investigated. The payoff function of each player is related to the communication topology, which is closer to the actual scenes. The sigmoid function is utilized to limit the range of the input. Through the network communication between players and the gradient of the players’ payoff functions, the finite-time and fixed-time distributed Nash equilibrium seeking protocols with input saturation are given. Using the Lyapunov stability analysis, it is determined that the action of each player converges to the Nash equilibrium if all the players update their action according to the proposed algorithms. The numerical simulations are also provided to testify the algorithms.
Statistical Inference on the Entropy Measures of Gamma Distribution under Progressive Censoring: EM and MCMC Algorithms
Authors: Ahmed Essam A. , El-Morshedy Mahmoud , Al-Essa Laila A. , Eliwa Mohamed S.
Published: May 2023

Studying the ages of mobile phones is considered one of the most important things in the recent period in the field of shopping and modern technology. In this paper, we will consider that the ages of these phones follow a gamma distribution under progressive first-failure (PFF) censoring. All of the unknown parameters, as well as Shannon and Rényi entropies, were estimated for this distribution. The maximum likelihood (ML) approach was utilized to generate point estimates for the target parameters based on the considered censoring strategy. The asymptotic confidence intervals of the ML estimators (MLEs) of the targeted parameters were produced using the normal approximation to ML and log-transformed ML. We employed the delta method to approximate the variances of the Shannon and Rényi functions to obtain their asymptotic confidence intervals. Additionally, all parameter estimates utilized in this study were determined using the successful expectation–maximization (EM) method. The Metropolis–Hastings (MH) algorithm was applied to construct the Bayes estimators and related highest posterior density (HPD) credible intervals under various loss functions. Further, the proposed methodologies were contrasted using Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the radio transceiver dataset was analyzed to substantiate our results.
Mathematical Models in High-Temperature Viscometry: A Review
Authors: Elyukhina Inna
Published: May 2023

We systematize and review the mathematical models for use in oscillating-cup viscometry to solve different problems: for analysis of fluid flow and viscometer oscillations, for estimation of rheological constants and density, and for study without taking into account the traditional assumptions of this method. The full model for the cup and bob viscometer and a model for the oscillating-plate viscometer are also considered.
A Novel Many-Objective Sine–Cosine Algorithm (MaOSCA) for Engineering Applications
Authors: Narayanan Rama Chandran , Ganesh Narayanan , Čep Robert , Jangir Pradeep , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Kalita Kanak
Published: May 2023

In recent times, numerous innovative and specialized algorithms have emerged to tackle two and three multi-objective types of problems. However, their effectiveness on many-objective challenges remains uncertain. This paper introduces a new Many-objective Sine–Cosine Algorithm (MaOSCA), which employs a reference point mechanism and information feedback principle to achieve efficient, effective, productive, and robust performance. The MaOSCA algorithm’s capabilities are enhanced by incorporating multiple features that balance exploration and exploitation, direct the search towards promising areas, and prevent search stagnation. The MaOSCA’s performance is evaluated against popular algorithms such as the Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III), the Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) integrated with Differential Evolution (MOEADDE), the Many-objective Particle Swarm Optimizer (MaOPSO), and the Many-objective JAYA Algorithm (MaOJAYA) across various test suites, including DTLZ1-DTLZ7 with 5, 9, and 15 objectives and car cab design, water resources management, car side impact, marine design, and 10-bar truss engineering design problems. The performance evaluation is carried out using various performance metrics. The MaOSCA demonstrates its ability to achieve well-converged and diversified solutions for most problems. The success of the MaOSCA can be attributed to the multiple features of the SCA optimizer integrated into the algorithm.
Bound for an Approximation of Invariant Density of Diffusions via Density Formula in Malliavin Calculus
Authors: Kim Yoon-Tae , Park Hyun-Suk
Published: May 2023

The Kolmogorov and total variation distance between the laws of random variables have upper bounds represented by the L1-norm of densities when random variables have densities. In this paper, we derive an upper bound, in terms of densities such as the Kolmogorov and total variation distance, for several probabilistic distances (e.g., Kolmogorov distance, total variation distance, Wasserstein distance, Forter–Mourier distance, etc.) between the laws of F and G in the case where a random variable F follows the invariant measure that admits a density and a differentiable random variable G, in the sense of Malliavin calculus, and also allows a density function.
Methodology to Obtain Universal Solutions for Systems of Coupled Ordinary Differential Equations. Examples of a Continuous Flow Chemical Reactor and a Coupled Oscillator
Authors: Sánchez-Pérez Juan Francisco , García-Ros Gonzalo , Conesa Manuel , Castro Enrique , Cánovas Manuel
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a concise and orderly methodology to obtain universal solutions to different problems in science and engineering using the nondimensionalization of the governing equations of the physical–chemical problem posed. For its application, a deep knowledge of the problem is necessary since it will facilitate the adequate choice of the references necessary for its resolution. In addition, the application of the methodology to examples of coupled ordinary differential equations is shown, resulting in an interesting tool to teach postgraduate students in the branches of physics, mathematics, and engineering. The first example used for a system of coupled ordinary differential equations is a model of a continuous flow chemical reactor, where it is worth noting; on the one hand, the methodology used to choose the reference (characteristic) time and, on the other, the equivalence between the characteristic times obtained for each one of the species. The following universal curves are obtained, which are validated by comparing them with the results obtained by numerical simulation, where it stands out that the universal solution includes an unknown that must be previously obtained. The resolution of this unknown implies having a deep knowledge of the problem, a common characteristic when using the methodology proposed in this work for different engineering or physicochemical problems. Finally, the second example is a coupled oscillator, where it is worth noting that the appearance of characteristic periods that implicitly or explicitly affect the particles’ movement is striking.
Hamiltonians of the Generalized Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Kudryashov Nikolay A.
Published: May 2023

Some types of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation of the second, fourth and sixth order are considered. The Cauchy problem for equations in the general case cannot be solved by the inverse scattering transform. The main objective of this paper is to find the conservation laws of the equations using their transformations. The algorithmic method for finding Hamiltonians of some equations is presented. This approach allows us to look for Hamiltonians without the derivative operator and it can be applied with the aid of programmes of symbolic calculations. The Hamiltonians of three types of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation are found. Examples of Hamiltonians for some equations are presented.
Novel Graph Neighborhoods Emerging from Ideals
Authors: Çaksu Güler Ayşegül , Balcı Mehmet Ali , Batrancea Larissa M. , Akgüller Ömer , Gaban Lucian
Published: May 2023

Rough set theory is a mathematical approach that deals with the problems of uncertainty and ambiguity in knowledge. Neighborhood systems are the most effective instruments for researching rough set theory in general. Investigations on boundary regions and accuracy measures primarily rely on two approximations, namely lower and upper approximations, by using these systems. The concept of the ideal, which is one of the most successful and effective mathematical tools, is used to obtain a better accuracy measure and to decrease the boundary region. Recently, a generalization of Pawlak’s rough set concept has been represented by neighborhood systems of graphs based on rough sets. In this research article, we propose a new method by using the concepts of the ideal and different neighborhoods from graph vertices. We examine important aspects of these techniques and produce accuracy measures that exceed those previously = reported in the literature. Finally, we show that our method yields better results than previous techniques utilized in chemistry.
The Importance of Embedding a General forward Kinematic Model for Industrial Robots with Serial Architecture in Order to Compensate for Positioning Errors
Authors: Cristoiu Cozmin , Ivan Mario , Ghionea Ionuţ Gabriel , Pupăză Cristina
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes a methodology for creating simplified structural schemes and forward geometric models for industrial robots with serial architecture, with the goal of reducing thermal deformation errors that negatively impact positioning accuracy during operation. Unlike classical approaches, the proposed methodology introduces modifications to the order of matrix multiplication and incorporates new parameters to create a forward geometric model that better corresponds to the deformation characteristics of these robots. Details are presented on how to build and employ this extended model and integrate it into a thermal error compensation algorithm. The implementation of the algorithm in a software application is presented along with experimental results that demonstrate its effectiveness. This work addresses a real phenomenon that occurs in industrial robot operation and has implications for improving the performance of robots in manufacturing applications.
Fixed-Time RBFNN-Based Prescribed Performance Control for Robot Manipulators: Achieving Global Convergence and Control Performance Improvement
Authors: Vo Anh Tuan , Truong Thanh Nguyen , Kang Hee-Jun
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes a fixed-time neural network-based prescribed performance control method (FNN-PPCM) for robot manipulators. A fixed-time sliding mode controller (SMC) is designed with its strengths and weaknesses in mind. However, to address the limitations of the controller, the paper suggests alternative approaches for achieving the desired control objective. To maintain stability during a robot’s operation, it is crucial to keep error states within a set range. To form the unconstrained systems corresponding to the robot’s constrained systems, we apply modified prescribed performance functions (PPFs) and transformed errors set. PPFs help regulate steady-state errors within a performance range that has symmetric boundaries around zero, thereby ensuring that the tracking error is zero when the transformed error is zero. Additionally, we use a singularity-free sliding surface designed using transformed errors to determine the fixed-time convergence interval and maximum allowable control errors during steady-state operation. To address lumped uncertainties, we employ a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) that approximates their value directly. By selecting the transformed errors as the input for the RBFNN, we can minimize these errors while bounding the tracking errors. This results in a more accurate and faster estimation, which is superior to using tracking errors as the input for the RBFNN. The design procedure of our approach is based on fixed-time SMC combined with PPC. The method integrates an RBFNN for precise uncertainty estimation, unconstrained dynamics, and a fixed-time convergence sliding surface based on the transformed error. By using this design, we can achieve fixed-time prescribed performance, effectively address chattering, and only require a partial dynamics model of the robot. We conducted numerical simulations on a 3-DOF robot manipulator to confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the FNN-PPCM.
Applied Computing and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2023

Applied computing and artificial intelligence methods have been attracting growing interest in recent years due to their effectiveness in solving technical problems [...]
Multi-Source Data Repairing: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Ye Chen , Duan Haoyang , Zhang Hengtong , Zhang Hua , Wang Hongzhi , Dai Guojun
Published: May 2023

In the era of Big Data, integrating information from multiple sources has proven valuable in various fields. To ensure a high-quality supply of multi-source data, repairing different types of errors in the multi-source data becomes critical. This paper categorizes errors in multi-source data into entity information overlapping, attribute value conflicts, and attribute value inconsistencies. We first summarize existing repairing methods for these errors and then examine and review the study of the detection and repair of compound-type errors in multi-source data. Finally, we indicate further research directions in multi-source data repair.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Patients with Scleritis
Authors: Tsai Yu-Chien , Chen Yann-Guang , Lee Yueh-Chang , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Hsieh Yun-Hsiu
Published: May 2023

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by central neurosensory retinal detachment from the retinal pigment epithelium. While the association between CSCR and steroid use is widely recognized, it is difficult to distinguish whether the subretinal fluid (SRF) in ocular inflammatory disease results from steroid use or an inflammation-related uveal effusion. We report the case of a 40-year-old man who presented to our department with intermittent redness and dull pain in both eyes that had persisted for three months. He was diagnosed with scleritis with SRF in both eyes and steroid therapy was started. Inflammation improved with steroid use, but SRF increased. This indicated that the fluid was not caused by the posterior scleritis-related uveal effusion but by steroid use. SRF and clinical symptoms subsided after steroids were discontinued completely and immunomodulatory therapy was initiated. Our study highlights that steroid-associated CSCR must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with scleritis, and prompt diagnosis with an immediate shift from steroids to immunomodulatory therapy can resolve SRF and clinical symptoms.
The Effect of Maternal Exposure to Air Pollutants and Heavy Metals during Pregnancy on the Risk of Neurological Disorders Using the National Health Insurance Claims Data of South Korea
Authors: Lee Kuen Su , Min Won Kee , Choi Yoon Ji , Jin Sejong , Park Kyu Hee , Kim Suhyun
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of high levels of maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and heavy metals on risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy using the National Health Insurance claims data of South Korea. The data of mothers and their newborns from 2016 to 2018 provided by the National Health Insurance Service were used (n = 843,134). Data on exposure to ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, and As) during pregnancy were matched based on the mother’s National Health Insurance registration area. SO2 (OR: 2.723, 95% CI: 1.971–3.761) and Pb (OR: 1.063, 95% CI: 1.019–1.11) were more closely associated with the incidence of ASD when infants were exposed to them in the third trimester of pregnancy. Pb (OR: 1.109, 95% CI: 1.043–1.179) in the first trimester of pregnancy and Cd (OR: 2.193, 95% CI: 1.074–4.477) in the third trimester of pregnancy were associated with the incidence of epilepsy. Thus, exposure to SO2, NO2, and Pb during pregnancy could affect the development of a neurologic disorder based on the timing of exposure, suggesting a relationship with fetal development. However, further research is needed.
Prognostic Impact of Global Longitudinal Strain and NT-proBNP on Early Development of Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Muckiene Gintare , Vaitiekus Domas , Zaliaduonyte Diana , Zabiela Vytautas , Verseckaite-Costa Raimonda , Vaiciuliene Dovile , Juozaityte Elona , Jurkevicius Renaldas
Published: May 2023

Background. The most important anthracycline side effect is cardiotoxicity, resulting in congestive heart failure (HF). Early detection of cardiac dysfunction and appropriate treatment can improve outcomes and reduce the progression of HF. The aim of our study was to evaluate changes in clinical data, echocardiographic parameters, and NT-proBNP, as well as their associations with early anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) in patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Methods and Materials. Patients with breast cancer were prospectively assessed with echocardiography, as well as NT-proBNP testing at baseline, (T0), after two cycles (T1) and four cycles (T2) of chemotherapy. AIC was defined as a new decrease in the LVEF of 10 percentage points, to a value below the lower limit of normal. Results. We evaluated 85 patients aged 54.5 ± 9.3 years. After a cumulative dose of 237.9 mg/m2 of doxorubicin, 22 patients (25.9%) met the criteria of AIC after chemotherapy. Patients who subsequently progressed to cardiotoxicity had demonstrated a significantly larger impairment in LV systolic function compared to those who did not develop cardiotoxicity (LVEF: 54.0 ± 1.6% vs. 57.1 ± 1.4% at T1, p < 0.001, and 49.9 ± 2.1% vs. 55.8 ± 1.6% at T2, p < 0.001; GLS: −17.8 ± 0.4% vs. −19.3 ± 0.9% at T1, p < 0.001, and −16.5 ± 11.1% vs. −18.5 ± 0.9% at T2, p < 0.001, respectively). The levels of NT-proBNP increased significantly from 94.8 ± 43.8 ng/L to 154.1 ± 75.6 ng/L, p < 0.001. A relative decrease in GLS ≤ −18.0% (sensitivity: 72.73%; specificity: 92.06%; AUC, 0.94; p < 0.001) and a relative increase in NT-proBNP > 125 ng/L (sensitivity: 90.0%; specificity: 56.9%; AUC, 0.78; p < 0.001) from baseline to T1 predicted subsequent LV cardiotoxicity at T2. Conclusions. Decrease in GLS and elevation in NT-proBNP were significantly associated with AIC, and these could potentially be used to predict subsequent declines in LVEF with anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
Acquired Von Willebrand Factor Deficiency at Patient-Prosthesis Mismatch after AVR Procedure—A Narrative Review
Authors: Grigorescu Andrei Emanuel , Anghel Andrei , Buriman Darius Gheorghe , Feier Horea
Published: May 2023

Acquired von Willebrand factor deficiency has been described in patients with aortic valve stenosis due to high shear forces developed during passage through the narrowed valve orifice, which determines structural changes in this molecule. Similar flow conditions are present in patients with an aortic prosthesis that presents a patient-prosthesis mismatch. Patient-prosthesis mismatch is described by the smaller effective orifice area of the prosthesis than the native valve, which would probably determine similar changes in the molecules of the von Willebrand factor, leading to acquiring von Willebrand deficiency.