bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BENEFITS OF SPIRITUALITY FOR THE ELDERLY: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Lilyana Maria Theresia Arie , Astarini Made Indra Ayu
Published: January 2022

Background: Aging is the final phase in the human life cycle; elderly people are at risk to face the problem as an impact loss of their roles.
Objective: This study aimed to know that spirituality has an impact on providing the ability to face and accept the changes that occur with age.
Methods: This literature review aimed to find out the benefits of spirituality for healthy elderly lives. Data Sources: This study searched articles published between 2010 to 2020, full-text and free articles. The search keywords consisted of “function” and “spirituality” and “elderly”. Review Methods: This literature review was conducted using analysis of the selected articles based on the inclusion criteria such full-text articles that were discussed about the benefits of spirituality for the elderly, published in the last 10 years.
Result: Spirituality has an impact on influencing the incidence of depression; the main source of support for physical and psychosocial health, increasing self-awareness that they are no longer young and death will surely come for them; source of life force; coping strategies that help overcome difficult times in the elderly’s life.
Conclusion: Spirituality has a positive impact on the elderly in terms of physical and mental well-being.
The Relationship Of Exposure To Cigarette Smoke In Pregnant Mothers To The Weight Of Newborn In Bhayangkara Palembang Hospital In 2021
Authors: Yani Sri Endri
Published: January 2022

Abstrak
Background:. Exposure to cigarette smoke can affect low birth weight in mothers who are exposed to cigarette smoke. Low birth weight (LBW) babies are babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams.
Objectives: To analyze the relationship between age, parity, gestational distance, education, occupation, exposure to cigarette smoke on the weight of newborns in mothers who gave birth.
Methods: This research is analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The population and sample are 50 using total sampling technique.
Results:  The results of the statistical test showed that the variables that were statistically significantly related to the birth weight of newborns were age, parity, education, and exposure to cigarette smoke with ap value <0.05, while the variable distance between pregnancy and occupation did not have a significant relationship. with p value> 0.05.
Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between exposure to cigarette smoke and the weight of newborns at Bhayangkara Hospital Palembang in 2021.
Keywords: low birth weight, pregnant, passive smoking
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penerapan ASI Eksklusif pada Ibu Multipara dan Cracked Nipple
Authors: Hidayah Seventina Nurul , Chikmah Adevia Maulidya , Izah Nilatul , Siti Fatimah Okta Zenita
Published: January 2022

Selama pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI), banyak alasan yang disampaikan ibu untuk tidak menyusui diantaranya ibu multipara dimana kesadaran menyusui dimungkinkan berkurang karena merasa persediaan ASI semakin menipis dan ibu dengan Cracked Nipple yang sulit menyusui karena kondisi kerusakan pada puting. Kondisi ini membuat ibu stres sehingga memicu hormon oksitosin tidak bekerja dan ibu akan beralih menggunakan susu formula. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerapan ASI eksklusif pada ibu multipara dan cracked nipple. Target khusus dalam penelitian ini yaitu ditemukan faktor yang mempengaruhi penerapan pemberian ASI Eksklusif dari variabel pengetahuan, perasaan ibu, pandangan ibu terhadap susu formula, masalah pemberian ASI, dan dukungan keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam sesuai dengan pedoman wawancara dan observasi. Hasil wawancara direkam dan dibuat catatan lapangan. Untuk menghindari subjektifitas, teknik triangulasi menggunakan sumber dengan metode sama (wawancara mendalam). Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan, teknik menyusui, asupan makan pendukung ASI, dan dukungan keluarga yang baik membuat ibu memberikan ASI eksklusif kepada bayinya. Kondisi ibu dengan cracked nipple dan multipara membuat ibu kesulitan akan tetapi penguatan motivasi dari dirinya dengan bekal pengetahuan membuat masalah dapat teratasi. Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan terus meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu menyusui melalui penyuluhan dan disarankan pula kepada ibu menyusuiagar melakukan persiapan kelahiran anak dengan melaksanakan perawatan payudara.
Efektivitas Program Penyuluhan Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) pada Petani Bawang Merah saat Pemberian Pestisida di Desa Tegalglagah
Authors: Sahuri Sahuri , Sahna Sarah Arasy
Published: January 2022

Masalah kesehatan yang sering dijumpai pada petani bawang merah adalah penggunaan pestisida yang sangat berisiko sehingga dapat berdampak buruk terutama bagi kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja petani bawang merah. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi risiko paparan pestisida adalah penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD). Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan sikap petani bawang merah di Desa Tegalglagah dalam penggunaan APD saat melakukan pemberian pestisida. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 30 petani bawang merah yang bertugas menyemprotkan pestisida ke sawah Desa Tegalglagah, Kec. Bulakamba, Kab. Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif dimana desain penelitian kuantitatifnya menggunakan Quasi Eksperimen. Instrumen pengukuran yang digunakan berupa kuesioner berjumlah 30 pertanyaan. Pengukuran dilakukan sebanyak 2 (dua) kali dengan pengukuran pertama pendahuluan sebelum perlakuan dilakukan (Pre test) dan pengukurankedua dilakukan setelah adanya intervensi (Post test). Intervensi dengan memberi informasi atau penyuluhan tentang pentingnya penggunaan APD saat pemberian pestisida. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat yang telah dilakukan menggunakan uji wilcoxon didapatkan skor signifikansi 0,000 (< 0,05). Artinya terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara skor Pre Test dan Post Test. Maka dapat dikatakan bahwa penyuluhan yang dilakukan sudah efektif.
Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) Index as Predictor Tool for Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Pathan Md Faruque
Published: January 2022

Abstract not available
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 1-2
Early and Late Haemodynaemic Effects after Adding Fentanyl to Bupivacaine-Lignocaine Mixtures in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Zainab Farhanaz
Published: January 2022

Background Objectives: Haemodynamic changes are very crucial issues during regional anaesthesia. The purpose of the present study was to observe the immediate and late haemodynaemic effects after adding fentanyl to bupivacainelignocaine mixtures in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Methodology: This randomized clinical study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology in Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) from March 2011 to May 2012 for a period of one year. All patients with the age group of 18 to 65 years who were selected for upper limb surgery distal to the mid arm were the study population. The random allocation of the patient was done into Group A patients (control group) who were received injection Bupivacaine (0.25%) with injection lignocaine A (1%) with injection Normal saline (0.9%). Group B patients (treatment group) were received injection bupivacaine (0.25%) with injection Ligonocaine A (1%) with injection fentanyl. With all aseptic precaution, supraclavicular brachial plexus block was done using paresthesia technique. Pulse and blood pressure were measured at baseline, intra-operatively and post-operatively.
Result: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in this study with 30 patients in each group named group A and group B. The mean age of group A and group B were 32.43±12.25 and 34.90±13.05 respectively (p=0.453). The mean pulse rate of group A (79.53±5.03) and group B (78.10±4.26) at baseline level increased at the time of injection (88.30±5.77 and 85.63±4.87 respectively). At 8 hours interval mean pulse rate of group A was 86.47±5.51 compared to that of group B (86.07±3.08). The mean systolic blood pressure of group A (126.50±18.21) and group B (120.07±11.61) at baseline level increased at 0 minute at the time of injection (129.70±15.34 and 123.17±10.57 respectively). The mean diastolic blood pressure of group A (71.73±11.20) and group B (72.73±11.45) at baseline level increased at 0 minute (75.97±12.74 and 75.80±12.85 respectively). At 8 hrs interval mean diastolic pressure of group A was71.73 ±11.20 compared to that of group B (71.73±11.20).
Conclusion: In conclusion there is no significant immediate or late haemodynaemic effects after adding fentanyl to bupivacaine-lignocaine mixtures in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 17-22
Evaluation of Pressure Ulcer Among the Critically Ill Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Hossain Bulbul , Mamun Abdullah Al , Razi Habib Al , Islam Raisul Nurul
Published: January 2022

Background: All over the world pressure ulcer is a significant health care problem due to high morbidity and mortality rates and also high health care cost. This study was carried out with the objectives to identify the characteristics and associated factors of pressure ulcer among the critically ill patients admitted in a tertiary military hospital. Few studies have been conducted on pressure ulcer in Bangladesh and very few in military hospitals.
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted among purposively selected 53 critically ill admitted pressure ulcer patients in CMH Dhaka from 01 July 2018 to 31 December 2018 and data were collected by face to face interview and checklist.
Results: Among the study population half (50.9%) were aged between 61-80 years with the mean age 69.13 years. The most common anatomical site of pressure ulcer were buttock (51.9%) followed by sacrum (38.5%) and 30.2% had multiple pressure ulcer. Among the critically ill patients, 81.1% had developed pressure ulcer after admission into hospital. The most common place of pressure ulcer was geriatric HDU (30.2%) and officers ward (18.9%). Among the pressure ulcer patients 79.2% were male. Most common stage of pressure ulcer were stage II (66.0%) followed by stage I (18.9%), stage III (13.2%) and stage IV (1.9%). All of them were bedridden and half (50.9%) were completely immobile. According to Braden Scale, about half (50.9%) had high risk for development of pressure ulcer followed by moderate risk (26.4%) and there were none beyond risk. About three fourth (73.6%) of pressure ulcer patients had hypertension & cerebrovascular diseases. Age group of 60-90 years, SSC & above educational group, male sex, immobility, low Braden score group patients are statistically significant (p < 0.05), and hypertensive and cerebrovascular diseased patients are not statically significant (p > 0.05) but having clear trends to be associate factors of pressure ulcer.
Conclusion: The number of pressure ulcer were increasing with the increase of age. The higher age, male sex, immobilization, low Braden score, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseased patients were more prone for development of pressure ulcer among the critically ill patients.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 23-30
Outcome of Preterm Admissions at the Neonatal Unit of a Tertiary Care Military Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Raha Biplob Kumar , Uddin Mohammad Taslim , Md Nurunnabi -
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Preterm deliveries contribute to major morbidity and mortality in developing countries. They are a leading cause of admission in neonatal care units. It is a major hindrance to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-3 targets given its high contribution to neonatal mortality. Early detection of its risk factors and advances in the management have ensured better survival of preterm births. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, underlying causes, morbidity patterns and outcome of preterm admissions to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care center in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Sylhet.
Material and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in CMH Sylhet from July 2018 to June 2020. All live preterm babies delivered at CMH Sylhet during the study period were included. Information obtained included gestational age at birth, gender, cause for preterm birth, problems during admission and outcome.
Results: During this period, a total of 662 neonates were admitted out of which 107 (16.2%) were preterm with gestational ages ranging from 27 completed weeks to less than 37 completed weeks with a mean gestational age 33.2 weeks (± 2.7 weeks) and birth weights from 800 - 2600 gm with a mean of 2100 gm (± 700 gm). There were 52 males and 55 females (M: F 0.95). One hundred and thirty three (20.1%) were delivered by normal vaginal delivery while 529 (79.9%) were delivered by Caesarean section. The duration of hospital stay ranged from 1 - 45 days, with a mean duration of 15 days (± 9.2 days). The commonest reason for prematurity was premature rupture of membrane (PROM) (39.3%) followed by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (35.5%), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (30.8%), multiple pregnancy (29.9%) and inadequate ante natal care (ANC) (20.6%). The commonest morbidity in the patients in the present study was neonatal jaundice (90.7%) followed by respiratory problems (78.5%), sepsis (17.8%) and congenital heart disease (CHD) (15.9%). Case fatality rate for patients with respiratory distress syndrome (7.7%) and sepsis (5.3%) were common. Overall survival rate was 91.6% and was significantly (p <0.001) higher in the moderate to late preterm category compared to the very preterm and extremely preterm births.
Conclusion: PROM, GDM, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and inadequate ante natal care were significantly associated with preterm birth. Neonatal jaundice, respiratory problems, sepsis and CHD were common morbidities observed. Case fatality rate was significant in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis and overall survival rate was 91.6%. So, at-risk mothers should receive intensified antenatal care to mitigate preterm birth.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 39-44
Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Pregnancy with COVID- 19 in A Tertiary Level Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter Afroza , Islam Md Aminul , Md Al Momen Shahjad Hossain , Islam Munshi Sariful , Karim Rehnuma , Fatema Kaniz , Zannat Mahmuda , Akter Shamima
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Pregnant women have long been recognized as a vulnerable population during infectious disease pandemics due to physiological changes in the immune, pulmonary, cardiac and coagulation systems. It is essential to acquire knowledge of pregnancy outcomes, potential complications and neonatal health conditions born to an infected mother with COVID-19.
Material and methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Jashore from June 2020 to July 2021 among 100 hospitalized laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive pregnant women, patients who had clinical symptoms of COVID but RT PCR negative were excluded. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical profile and maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy. Relevant data were recorded in a preformed data collection sheet and analyzed by SPSS version 20.
Results: Among 100 COVID-19 positive hospitalized pregnant women, the mean age of participants was 27years (range 19-40 years), Maximum infection rate observed during 12 to 28 weeks of gestation among the participants, 21% got infected at 37 to 40 weeks of gestation and 20% got infected at 32 to 36 weeks. Seventy-four percent patients underwent delivery during the study & 23% of them continued with ongoing pregnancy; 67 of the participants underwent LUCS and 7 vaginal deliveries were done, 3% had abortion and IUFD 1% ,61% were multipara and 39% were Primipara, associated co-morbidities were subclinical hypothyroidism(15%), pregnancy induced HTN(12%) and GDM(8%); 36% participants were asymptomatic and 44% had mild symptoms, rate of LUCS was higher than (90.64%) vaginal delivery. Among the 73 live births, 80.82% were term and 10.18% were preterm of neonates, small for gestational was seen in the case of 20.55% neonates. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in all neonatal throat swabs and found positive in one case only. Eighty-six percent neonates were well-baby and 9.58% neonates required NICU admission. There were 2 neonatal deaths due to severe prematurity and 2 babies were found to have congenital cardiac anomaly and cleft lip, cleft palate. Though 36% of patients were asymptomatic but 10% were severe and in the critical stage. HDU support needed for 8% of patients and ICU support for 6%.
Conclusion: This cross-sectional study supports that pregnant women with COVID-19 infection are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and a low risk of congenital transmission. Availability of ICU in critical conditions is needed for better pregnancy outcomes.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 10-16
A Systematic Review on Immunotherapy for Guillain- Barre Syndrome
Authors: Nayeem Abu , Mohammad Quazi Deen , Susan Zobaida Sultana
Published: January 2022

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immunemediated polyradiculoneuropathy with a highly variable clinical course and outcome. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange (PE) are proven effective treatments, but about half of the patients may not respond to these therapies; moreover, these are not established yet to treat patients of every stage of GBS or its variants. Results from the International Guillain-Barré Syndrome Outcome Study suggest that geographical variations exist in Guillain-Barré syndrome, including insufficient access to immunotherapy in low-income countries. There is a need to provide improved access to treatment for all patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and to develop effective disease-modifying therapies that can limit the extent of nerve injury. In this review, the current literature about immunotherapeutic options is highlighted in the context of stages of the disease and its variants and additionally, upcoming modalities are discussed briefly.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 57-64
Chorea Associated with Diabetic Striatopathy in an Elderly Female: A Case Report
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Rahman Tanbin , Hossen Khan Mohammad Sakhawat
Published: January 2022

Diabetic striatopathy is a rare manifestation of diabetes mellitus. The disease commonly affects individuals of Asian descent, female, and the elderly. Patients usually present with hemiballism-hemichorea caused by hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Prompt recognition of a hyperglycemiainduced hemiballism-hemichorea is essential because the symptoms are reversible with correction of hyperglycemia. Diagnosis is possible based on blood reports and neuroimaging findings.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 65-67
Surgical Treatment of Iatrogenic Low Variety Anal Stenosis with Diamond Flap Anoplasty – A Prospective Study
Authors: Islam Md Rashidul , Ahmad Sami , Ahmed Tanvir , Islam Md Armanul , Hasan ASM Farhad Ul
Published: January 2022

Background: Anal stenosis results from loss of anoderm with subsequent fibrosis and scarring of underlying tissue. The condition represents a technical challenge in terms of surgical management. It is a serious complication of anorectal surgery, most commonly seen after surgical haemorrhoidectomy. However, stenosis can also occur after perianal circumferential burn due to application of herbal medicine by village doctors.
Objective: This study was conducted to see the outcome of diamond-flap anoplasty for the treatment of moderate to severe anal stenosis.
Patients and interventions: Unilateral diamond flaps anoplasty was performed for moderate to severe anal stenosis. Final anal calibre of 25 to 26 mm was targeted. The demographic characteristics, causes of anal stenosis, number of previous surgeries, anal stenosis severity, postoperative complications and the time of return to work were recorded.
Results: From July 2012 to January 2017, 18 patients (12 males, 67% and 6 female patients, 33%) with a mean age of 34 years (range, 25-52) were treated. 15 of the patients had a history of previous haemorrhoidectomy and 3 had circumferential perianal chemical burn due to application of herbal medicine by village doctors. Five patients (28%) had moderate anal stenosis and 13 (72%) had severe anal stenosis. Preoperative, intraoperative, and 12-month postoperative anal calibration values were 9 ± 3 mm (range, 5-15), 25 ± 0.75 mm (range, 24- 26), and 25 ± 1 mm (range, 23-27). The clinical success rate was 98.9%. No severe postoperative complications were observed.
Conclusion: Diamond-flap anoplasty is a highly successful method for the treatment of anal stenosis caused by previous haemorrhoidectomy and perianal circumferential chemical burn by herbal medicine.
J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2020; 12(2): 67-71
A Comparative Study of LAMP and PCR in Relation to Time and Cost
Authors: Rawnuck Tanzila , Reza Md Selim , Rahman Khan Mohammad Jahidur , Khanam Rashida Akter , Munshi Saif Ullah
Published: January 2022

Background: The Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) represents a very sensitive, easy to use, and less time consuming diagnostic method.
Aims: The aim was to establish a simple, cost-effective, molecular technique.
Materials and methods: An analytical study was conducted using two hundred acute serum samples using two different molecular techniques; qPCR and LAMP to standardize a costeffective and less time-consuming technique.
Results: The cost of in-house LAMP reagents was one-ninth of the cost of commercial qPCR. Consume cost was 23 times less than qPCR besides, lab setup cost was 92 times less than qPCR. More importantly, LAMP requires 5-6 times less time duration than qPCR.
Conclusion: Due to its simple short-time operation with low cost, it would be a prevalent molecular technique globally, particularly in Bangladesh.
J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2020; 12(2): 72-75
A Clinicopathological Appraisal of Port-site Infections after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Our Experience at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital
Authors: Khan Rafiul Karim , Rahman Md Mustafizur , Ahmed Nadim , Sarker Rajib Dey
Published: January 2022

Background: Undoubtedly the port site infections have remarkably enhanced to be a stigma as post laparoscopic morbidity and is still a field of debate and further exploration to surgeons. These port site infections (PSI) are infrequent surgical site infection, complicating the recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hence, the necessity of further evaluation of the regarded facts was intended to be explored.
Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the factors that created or provoked PSI after laparoscopic removals of gall-bladder and at analysing which of these factors can be traced and modified to combat PSI in a trail to conquer these complications and to achieve maximum advantages from laparoscopic surgeries.
Methods: A prospective descriptive qualitative study conducted on patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies in our hospital as well as at other facilities remote from our work stations. Factors as gender, site of infected port, types of microorganism, acuteness versus chronicity of the disease, types of infection (superficial or deep infection) and intraoperative spillage of stones, bile or pus were analysed in our study. Swabs were taken for culture and sensitivity tests in all patients who developed infections. Explorations were done under GA for some patients who had deep surgical site infections and wound debridement was done, excisional biopsies were taken for histopathological studies, and tissue samples for Gene-Xpert analysis for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was done. All patients were followed up for six months postoperatively at our surgery unit rooms.
Results: Port site infection rate was recorded in 40 cases amongst 340 procedures from the July 2018 to June 2020 (11.76%). A higher rate was observed in female patients 32 cases (9.41%) and 13 cases (3.82%) of acute cholecystitis. Larger number of cases of the PSI were superficial infections (77.5%) with non-specific microorganism in 34 cases (80.0%).
Conclusion: We reconciled a significant association of PSI with spillage of bile or stones during the procedure and with acute cholecystitis. Most of the infections are superficial and more common in males. Precautions and protocols should be taken in measure to avoid unnecessary hurry and faulty procedure of sterilization during and prior to the whole surgery to combat PSI effectively.
J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2020; 12(2): 76-81
Three Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy by a Modified Technique
Authors: Hasan Khan Mohammad Emrul , Ayub Ansary Abdullah Md Abu , Islam Talukdar Md Monoarul , Chowdhury Fayem , Islam Md Armanul , Rahman Khan Md Mahfuzur , Hoque Md Mozammel
Published: January 2022

Introduction:Since the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) several modifications have been introduced to its procedure. Main aim of these modifications is to improve cosmesis & reduce pain. Several institutes are routinely performing conventional 3 ports laparoscopic. In modified 3 ports LC, the third port was moved from right hypochondrium to umbilicus, to conceal it in the umbilical scar, thereby giving the three port comfort to the surgeon and two port benefits to the patient.
Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Surgery of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital from September 2015 to October 2016. After taking valid consent a total 45 patients were selected for modified 3 ports LC. Here we tried to see the safety and benefit of this modified technique by assessing operating time, intra-operative complications, open conversion rate, postoperative wound infection, post-operative hospital stay, pain score and satisfaction with cosmetic outcome.
Results: 3 patients were excluded from study due to different reasons. So, among total 42 (N) patients 30 (71.4%) were female & 12 (28.6%) were male. Operative time was 58.48 ± 32.52 minutes (range 34 to 180 minutes). 2 patients required conversion to open surgery. Pain score was 2.07 ±1.71 and cosmetic score was 8.67 ± 1.99.
Conclusion: Modified 3 port laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely with a higher cosmetic satisfaction in selected cases by expert surgeon.
J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2020; 12(2): 90-94
Domestic Accidents among the Children in a Selected Rural Area
Authors: Asma MN Fahmida , Yesmin Fouzia , Haque Musarrat
Published: January 2022

Background: Children are very prone to accidents which more often occur in and around the house. These domestic accidents are one of the five leading causes of death in both industrialized and developing countries.
Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the proportion and pattern of domestic accidents among the under 15 children of rural areas of Bangladesh.
Methodology: This cross-sectional type of descriptive study was carried out from October 2015 to May 2016. Parents of 735 children below 15 years of age from Kaliakair Upazilla under the district of Gazipur were interviewed through a pretested semi structured questionnaire. The study place was selected conveniently and the sampling technique was purposive type of nonprobability sampling.
Results: The present study revealed that, about one fourth (23.4 %)of the 735children were affected by domestic accidents.Among them injuries from sharp objects and falls from heights were equal (33.1% each) and were the leading causes of domestic accidents. The next leading cause was due to burns (8.7%) and then burns from hot liquids were 7.6%,Injuries from blunt objects were 6.4% and drowning were 4.1%. Kerosene poisoning (0.6%), insect bites (0.6%) and snakebites (0.6%) had the lowest incidence. Majority (53.7%) of the children in this study were male and 46.3% were female and their mean age was 7.05 (±3.842)years. Mean age of the affected children was 7.66 (±3.583) years and age group of 7-9 years were largely (29.1%) affected.Male children were affected more (59.3%) than female children.The children of class IV were affected mostly (48.8%). Most of the children of the study as well as the affected children belonged to nuclear families (61.8% & 65.7% respectively). The mean monthly family income of the respondents was 17260.82 (± 12726.70)taka and that of the affected group was 17125(±13303.60)taka. Children living in semi pucca house affected by domestic accidents more (65.1%) than children living in other housing. Most (56.4%) of the accidents occurred in the surroundings of the house and the rest (43.6%) occurred inside the house. Maximum (32.55%) accidents took place in winter, whereas 30.23% in summer, 23.25% in the rainy season, 6.4% in autumn, 6.4% in late autumn, & 1.17% in spring. All the 7 cases of drowning occurred in rainy season. It was found that only 6.98% of affected children suffered from disabilities. Among the affected children 59.8% took treatment and 7% children took preventive measures.
Conclusion: From this study it was concluded that nearly a quarter of the children were affected by domestic accidents and the leading causes of the accidents were injuries from sharp objects and falls from heights. To build up awareness and explore the situation in detail, in depth community based epidemiological study may be carried out by covering whole population.
J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2020; 12(2): 100-108
Rheumatoid Factor, Anti-cyclic Citrullinated Peptide and HLA-B Locus Antigens in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Bhowmik Devolina , Sarker Manash Chandra , Tarafder Shirin , Jahan Hosne , Tarana Mst Naznin , Sultana Sabia Shahin , Hussain Muhammad Raquib
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is established as a multifactorial disease resulting from a complex interplay between genetic, environmental and immunological factors. It is a seronegative arthritis but rheumatoid factor may be present in up to 15% of PsA patients Antibodies recognizing a cyclic citrullinated peptide are highly speciûc for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but their role in PsA remains unclear. An increased prevalence of anti-CCP antibody in PsA is also reported. Study shows that HLA-DRB1 shared epitope is signiûcantly associated with the presence of anti-CCP antibody in PsA patients but this type of association is not found with other human leukocyte antigens.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of anti-CCP and RF in PsA patients and their associations with HLA-B locus antigens.
Methods: In this cross sectional study, we selected 50 unrelated consecutive patients with PsA according to CASPAR criteria for PsA. 6 ml of blood was collected from each patient for HLAB locus typing, RA test and test for anti-CCP. Patient’s serum samples were tested for RF by Nephelometric system and tests for anti-CCP were done by ELISA. HLA-B locus typing was done by PCR with sequence specific primer.
Results: Among 50 PsA patients, 27 (54%) are female and 23 (46%) are male. RA test is positive in 10 (20%) patients and anti-CCP is positive in 7 (14%) patients. Significant association was found between HLA-B*37 and RF (p value= < 0.001).
Conclusion: RF is present in 10 (20%) and anti-CCP is present in 7 (14%) PsA patients. HLAB* 37 was significantly found in RF positive patients.
J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2020; 12(2): 109-114
Estudio longitudinal y descriptivo sobre el plan de vacunación 2021 contra el COVID-19 en Guayaquil. Causas y consecuencias
Authors: Benavides-Consuegra Valeria , Gilces-Romero Dana , Cruz-Ponce Dylan , Prieto-López Yeimer
Published: January 2022

En el mundo, varias son las personas de los diversos países que han proyectado una oposición al momento de cooperar en el Plan de Vacunación, el mismo que puede ser causado por los efectos secundarios generando temor en los ciudadanos, por la preferencia a cierto tipo de vacunas o inclusive alguno que otro factor en especial, y evidentemente los ciudadanos de Guayaquil no son la excepción. La importancia de este tema de investigación yace en el conocer por qué razón o cuáles son los agentes causales que han inducido a los ciudadanos a rechazar la iniciativa de erradicar dicho virus, el mismo que tanto se ha propagado precipitadamente como ha creado nuevas variantes. El objetivo de este proyecto es analizar las pruebas longitudinales y descriptivas que influyeron en la colaboración del Plan de Vacunación contra el COVID-19, emitido a principios del año 2021, determinando el porcentaje de población que aún no se ha vacunado y los motivos opositores detrás de su decisión y, así mismo, conocer la opinión de los vacunados en cuanto a aquellos habitantes de la ciudad de Guayaquil que no supieron apegarse al mencionado sistema. Para poder establecer las respectivas conclusiones y conocer las diversas opiniones o creencias de los guayaquileños, se realizó una encuesta a un total de ciento tres personas en la cual se encuentran alumnos de la Universidad Tecnológica Ecotec y amistades de los investigadores, de tal manera que se pueda recolectar los datos necesarios que se llevarán a cabo dentro de los métodos empíricos, el cual no solo nos posibilitará a conseguir la información que se tiene prevista, sino que también a corroborarla. De igual manera, se realizó una encuesta de criterio de expertos para comprender, en un ámbito más amplio, la problemática que engloba este asunto. Los resultados conseguidos variaron en algunos aspectos.
Burnout y engagement en estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de ingeniería industrial, Manabí, Ecuador
Authors: Avellán-Pérez José , Márquez-Pérez Víctor , Real-Pérez Grether
Published: January 2022

Los estudiantes universitarios, con la llegada de la pandemia Covid 19, han tenido que asumir distintas modalidades de estudio, que sin tener las condiciones adecuadas se convierten en factores que generan estrés. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la medir el burnout (síndrome de estar quemado) y su engagement (compromiso o forma de afrontar el burnout o situaciones estresantes) en estudiantes de una universidad en Ecuador. La muestra fue de 412 estudiantes. Para medir el burnout se aplica el cuestionario de Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), respondiendo a una escala likert desde 0 implicaba nunca a 6 siempre, valorando sus tres dimensiones (Autoeficacia Académica, Agotamiento Emocional y Cinismo) en bajo, medio y alto. Para evaluar el engagement se usó el Cuestionario de Engagement Académico (UWES-S), con tres dimensiones (vigor, dedicación y absorción) usando la misma escala de valoración que el burnout. El estudio comienza con la caracterización de los estudiantes, considerando, por una parte, las variables sociodemográficas: género, edad, trabajo, hijos, zona en que vive y estado civil y por otra, la valoración de las condiciones de estudio. La prueba de chi cuadrado se utilizó para la búsqueda de las relaciones entre las variables sociodemográficas y de estudio, concluyendo que el género incide en el engagement absorción (chi cuadrado 8,238, p 0,016) y en el engagement predominante (chi cuadrado 9,724, p 0,008); sin embargo, la edad tuvo una incidencia directa en la autoeficacia académica (chi cuadrado 9.633, p 0,047). Los análisis del resto de variables sociodemográficas y condiciones de estudio no mostraron estadísticamente diferencias significativas. El estudio permite concluir que las mujeres presentan mayores niveles de engagement absorción y predominante con relación a los hombres y que los estudiantes más jóvenes de 18 a 23 años, son los que presentan una autoeficacia académica más baja.
Digital Reading Engagement of Junior High School Students during the Online Learning
Authors: Izati Risna Amalia , Lestari Lies Amin , Setiawan Slamet
Published: January 2022

The pandemic of COVID-19 has forced the teachers and students to hold the teaching and learning remotely. All the process of learning was conducted online via various mobile applications. Students widely use smartphones as a medium to receive learning materials, join online classes, and study. However, it was questioned whether students are engaged with their reading materials when they have to read the texts on screen or digitally and learn from them. It is expected that the use of digital devices has influenced students' reading engagement, especially when the reading is to learn. This study aims to find out about the students' engagement in reading digital texts during online learning. The study collects the data from self-report questionnaires, interviews, and observation. The result shows that students do not experience behavioral and affective engagement as well as a negative response while they are reading the texts onscreen during online learning.
The Implementation of Literacy Culture Programs in Elementary School
Authors: Liansari Vevy , Taufiq Wahyu , Santoso Dian Rahma
Published: January 2022

This study aims to describe the implementation of literacy culture programs of elementary school. This study used phenomenology of a qualitative approach. The subjects were the headmaster, teachers, students who were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The validity data test used triangulation techniques by comparing the results of observations, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that: 1) The policy for implementing a literacy culture at elementary school by using the School Literacy Movement program of the government. It is based on Permendikbud No. 23, 2015 focusing on character development. (2) The implementation of literacy culture of elementary school. It is based on the habituation stage that carried out 10 minutes of reading Al Qur’an and storybooks before lessons. The development stage of the activities carried out the respond to the contents of reading books by reading independently, giving appreciation for student literacy achievements, and having a school literacy team. The learning stage is by getting used to reading textbooks and using various strategies that support learning.
Taban suyu tablası yüksekliğinin değişimine bağlı olarak taban suyu seviyesinin matematiksel modellenmesi
Authors: EKBERLİ İmanverdi , GÜLSER Coşkun
Published: January 2022

Tarım alanlarında sulama suyu miktarının düzenlenmesinde, bitki-kök bölgesi tuzlaşmasının önlenmesinde, drenaj sistemininplanlanmasında taban suyu derinliği ve seviyesinin, taban suyu tablasının değişiminin değerlendirilmesi gerekir. Bu çalışmada,Dupuit yaklaşımı ve Darcy yasasına bağlı olarak elde edilen Boussinesq denkleminin (doğrusal olmayan difüzyon denklemin),harmonik sınır koşuluna bağlı çözümüne göre taban suyu tablası ve seviyesinin değişimleri incelenmiştir. Taban suyu tablası veseviyesinin mesafe ve zamana bağlı olduğu teorik olarak gösterilmiştir. Taban suyu tablası ve seviyesinin maksimum değişimlerisırasıyla 0.123 m ve 2.123 m olarak, 0.5 m mesafede ve 2. saatte hesaplanmıştır. Minimum değişimler ise sırasıyla -0.006 m ve 1.994m olarak 2.5 m mesafede ve 2. saatte belirlenmiştir. Taban suyu tablasının dalgalanma amplitütünün eksponansiyel olarak değiştiğive x>2 m mesafede dalgalanmanın “sönme” sürecine yaklaştığı belirlenmiştir.
Farklı kaynaklardan elde edilen organik materyalin kumlu tın bünyeli toprağın bazı özellikleri üzerine etkileri
Authors: İLAY Remzi , AKTAŞ Meltem , ASLANTEKİN Nuri Burak , ÖZCAN Hasan
Published: January 2022

Organik materyaller toprakların sürdürülebilir olmasında önemli yer tutmaktadır. Toprağa organik madde kaynağı olarak ilaveedilen birçok materyal, karbonun toprakta tutulması ve depolanması gibi doğrudan olumlu etkisinin yanında toprağın fiziksel,kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerini iyileştirici etkiye sahiptir. Organik toprak düzenleyici olarak en çok tercih edilen materyallerdenbiri olan leonardit; organik maddelerin kömürleşme süreçlerinden etkilenmeyerek oksitlenmesiyle oluşan ve humik asitçe zengindoğal bir materyaldir. Humik asitçe zengin olması ve yüksek karbon içeriği, toprak ıslahı ve bitkisel üretim açısından önemli bir yertutmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Kayseri-Develi (DL) ve Çanakkale-Yenice (YL) olmak üzere iki farklı bölgeden temin edilen leonarditinkumlu tın (SL) bünyeye sahip toprağın bazı özeliklerine kısa süreli etkilerini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla leonarditçeşitleri beş farklı dozda (%4, %8, %12, %16, %20) kumlu tın (SL) bünyeye sahip toprak ile karıştırılarak üç ay inkübe edilmiştir.İnkübasyon süresi sonunda tüm uygulamalar için toprağın organik maddesi (OM), toprak reaksiyonu (pH), elektriksel iletkenliği(EC), kireç içeriği (CaCO3), kuru hacim ağırlığı (dB), hidrolik iletkenliği (Ks), agregat stabilitesi (AS) ve boşluk hacmi (P) gibiözellikleri belirlenerek leonarditlerin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Uygulanan dozlara bakılmaksızın her iki leonardit uygulamasıylakontrole göre EC (%236), OM (%213), AS (%50), P (%11) artarken, dB (%10) azalmıştır (p≤0.05). Buna rağmen diğerparametrelerdeki değişimler (pH, CaCO3, Ks) istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur (p≥0.05). Genel olarak leonardit çeşidininincelenen parametreler üzerine etkisinin önemsiz (p≥0.05) olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Güney - Kazakistan'da sulu tarım yapılan toprakların bazı fiziksel özellikleri ve geçirgenlikleri
Authors: MAUSSYMZHAN BEİSENBAYEVA Maussymzhan , DOSYMBEK Sydyk , ZHAPPAROVA Aigul , TOKTİBAYEVA Kadisha , UTENBAYEVA Gulnur , MURZABAYEV Bolat , YERTAYEVA Zhainagul
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma, Kazakistan'ın güney bölgelerindeki sulanan arazilerin bazı fiziksel özelliklerini ve geçirgenlik durumlarını elealmaktadır. Mevcut iklim koşulları altında ve küresel iklim değişiklikleri ile bağlantılı olarak, sulama suyu açığı her yıl artmaktadır.Kültür bitkilerinin ve toprak mikroorganizmalarının gelişim koşulları büyük ölçüde suya bağlı olduğundan, sulama rejimi ve sutasarrufu teknolojisi geliştirilirken, sulu tarım yapılan arazi koşullarında toprakların fiziksel özelliklerinin de bilinmesi önemlidir.Toprak işleme yöntemleri, bitkilerin sulanması ve sulama sıklığı gibi pek çok faktör, toprakların fiziksel özelliklerinin etkisialtındadır. Bu çalışmanın yürütüldüğü arazinin 0-30 cm’sinde %1,38 organik madde içeren ve bitkiye yarayışlı N ve P içeriği düşük,K içeriği ise orta seviyede olan sierozem topraklar pek çok bitkinin yetiştirilmesi için uygundur. Deneme arazisinde profil boyuncaalınan toprak örneklerinde higroskopik sabite değerleri %4,55 – %4,71 arasında, hacim ağırlığı 1,46 – 1,58 g/cm3 arasında, toplamporozite %41,5 - %42,7 arasında ve toprağın en düşük gravimetrik nem içeriğinin ise %21,4 – %22,6 arasında değiştiğisaptanmıştır. Bununla beraber, topraklara 100 mm seviyesinde uygulanacak sulama suyunun ancak 24 saat’ten daha fazla bir süreiçerisinde (24,6 – 27,0 saat) infiltre olabileceği saptanmıştır.
Libertad personal versus prisión provisional: un derecho minusvalorado por razones anacrónicas
Authors: Turturro Pérez de los Cobos Sara
Published: January 2022

En la primera parte del artículo, se analizan las razones por las que urge llevar a cabo una reforma del régimen de la prisión provisional en España para adecuarlo a las exigencias constitucionales. En la segunda, se examinan una serie de ideas para reducir el uso excesivo que se hace de esta medida en nuestro país. Algunas de estas ideas ya están previstas en el Anteproyecto de reforma de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal de 2020. Otras medidas se han extraído de las reformas iniciadas recientemente en diversos Estados miembros del Consejo de Europa para reducir el número de presos preventivos. La mayoría de estos cambios se abordaron para dar cumplimiento a varias sentencias del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos.
La migración en la agenda 2030, el desarrollo en el Pacto de Marrakech: plasmación programática de una inescindible relación
Authors: Vacas Fernández Félix
Published: January 2022

El inescindible –aunque complejo y en absoluto unívoco- nexo entre migración y desarrollo, de un lado, unido al consenso interestatal sobre la necesidad de una gestión ordenada de la migración, de otro, han marcado una evolución desarrollada en las últimas décadas a nivel global que ha permitido construir los dos consensos internacionales, alcanzados entre los años 2015 y 2018 –Agenda 2030 y Pacto de Marrakech-, que vienen a definir el programa mundial en materia de migración y desarrollo para el futuro. Sin embargo, se echa en falta en dicho esquema un tercer pilar, esencial y además previo y superior, pues establece el marco jurídico vigente, aplicable: los derechos humanos. Ello abre la puerta al peligro que suponen los posibles efectos que tendría el «SDG Washing» en Derecho Migratorio.
Reformar la Constitución: ¿la “cirugía de precisión” obvia la adaptación del resto del ordenamiento? Un análisis a partir del caso italiano
Authors: Gherardi Samuele
Published: January 2022

«Una, ninguna y cien mil», son las maneras de reformar el ordenamiento, reza una expresión de Pirandello. Todas ellas pueden llevar a alcanzar el objetivo planteado por el legislador, pero la legitimidad del procedimiento y la puntualidad del ámbito de revisión no son siempre indicativos de un producto final completo, esto es, perfectamente aplicable al sistema jurídico vigente.

Para demostrar lo aducido, se trae como ejemplo la revisión constitucional de reducción del número de parlamentarios en Italia de 2020. El intento no es el de estimar si la disposición en cuestión encarna alguna discriminación normativa, sino ilustrar —también de forma visual— la dureza del impacto que puede conllevar una reforma constitucional en su proyección real, particularmente en el ámbito parlamentario.
ARANDA ÁLVAREZ, E. (2021). Los efectos de la crisis del COVID-19 en el derecho constitucional económico. Una oportunidad para repensar la relación entre estabilidad presupuestaria y gasto público. Madrid: Marcial Pons
Authors: Ortiz Calle Enrique
Published: January 2022

Recensión de la obra: ARANDA ÁLVAREZ, E. (2021). Los efectos de la crisis del COVID-19 en el derecho constitucional económico. Una oportunidad para repensar la relación entre estabilidad presupuestaria y gasto público. Madrid: Marcial Pons.
GEROTTO, S., MAHON P., M., Y SÁNCHEZ FERRIZ, R. (2020). Il sistema costituzionale svizzero. Milano: Wolters Kluwer Italia, Cedam
Authors: Castellanos Claramunt Jorge
Published: January 2022

Recensión de la obra: GEROTTO, S., PASCAL, M., Y SÁNCHEZ FERRIZ, R. (2020). Il sistema costituzionale svizzero. Milano: Wolters Kluwer Italia, Cedam.
Perceptions of risk factors associated with coronary disease
Authors: Santos Junior Sergio Francisco dos , Santos Júnior Claudio José dos , Santos Natanael Barbosa dos , Ribeiro Mara Cristina , Mousinho Kristiana Cerqueira
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to analyze the perception of patients and the prevalence of systemic and oral risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This is a quali-quantitative study in which 56 patients with CAD had quantitative and qualitative data collected and analyzed. Of the 56 patients who made up the sample, 41 had their oral cavity examined and 11 were interviewed. Of this total, 46.42% have no education; 64.28% are unemployed; 72.41% have low family income; 25% are smokers; 17.85 are obese; 76.78% have hypertension; 30.36% diabetes; and 64.29% admitted having inadequate eating habits. In the qualitative analysis, 4 (four) categories emerged from the interviews and it was possible to identify, in general, the lack of knowledge of risk factors regardless of education level. In general, it was observed that, in this study, the social and demographic conditions and morbidity rates of the studied population were worse than the average of data from regional and national registries. The perception of risk factors as a cause of CAD was low and regardless of education level. The population studied showed a higher prevalence of risk factors when compared to regional and national averages. These facts may have increased the subjects' vulnerability and contributed to the development of CAD.