bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies to identify and suppress crosstalk signals in double electron–electron resonance (DEER) experiments with gadoliniumIII and nitroxide spin-labeled compounds
Authors: Teucher Markus , Qi Mian , Cati Ninive , Hintz Henrik , Godt Adelheid , Bordignon Enrica
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Double electron–electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy applied to orthogonally spin-labeled biomolecular complexes simplifies the assignment of intra- and intermolecular distances, thereby increasing the information content per sample. In fact, various spin labels can be addressed independently in DEER experiments due to spectroscopically nonoverlapping central transitions, distinct relaxation times, and/or transition moments; hence, they are referred to as spectroscopically orthogonal. Molecular complexes which are, for example, orthogonally spin-labeled with nitroxide (NO) and gadolinium (Gd) labels give access to three distinct DEER channels that are optimized to selectively probe NO–NO, NO–Gd, and Gd–Gd distances. Nevertheless, it has been previously recognized that crosstalk signals between individual DEER channels can occur, for example, when a Gd–Gd distance appears in a DEER channel optimized to detect NO–Gd distances. This is caused by residual spectral overlap between NO and Gd spins which, therefore, cannot be considered as perfectly orthogonal. Here, we present a systematic study on how to identify and suppress crosstalk signals that can appear in DEER experiments using mixtures of NO–NO, NO–Gd, and Gd–Gd molecular rulers characterized by distinct, nonoverlapping distance distributions. This study will help to correctly assign the distance peaks in homo- and heterocomplexes of biomolecules carrying not perfectly orthogonal spin labels.
Surface temperatures and their influence on the permafrost thermal
regime in high Arctic rock walls on Svalbard
Authors: Schmidt Juditha Undine , Etzelmüller Bernd , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar , Magnin Florence , Boike Julia , Langer Moritz , Westermann Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Permafrost degradation in steep rock walls and associated slope destabilization have been studied increasingly in recent years. While most studies focus on mountainous and sub-Arctic regions, the occurring thermo-mechanical processes play an important role also in the high Arctic. A more precise understanding is required to assess the risk of natural hazards enhanced by permafrost warming in high Arctic rock walls. This study presents rock surface temperature measurements of coastal and non-coastal rock walls in a high Arctic setting on Svalbard. We applied the surface energy balance model CryoGrid 3 for evaluation, including adjusted radiative forcing to account for vertical rock walls. Our measurements and model results show that rock surface temperatures at coastal cliffs are up to 1.5 °C higher than non-coastal rock walls when the fjord is ice-free in the winter season, resulting from additional energy input due to higher air temperatures at the coast and radiative warming by relatively warm seawater. An ice layer on the fjord counteracts this effect, leading to similar rock surface temperatures as in non-coastal settings. Our results include a simulated surface energy balance with short-wave radiation as the dominant energy source during spring and summer, and long-wave radiation being the main energy loss. While sensible heat fluxes can both warm and cool the surface, latent heat fluxes are mostly insignificant. Simulations for future climate conditions result in a warming of rock surface temperatures and a deepening of active layer thickness for both coastal and non-coastal rock walls. Our field data present a unique data set of rock surface temperatures in steep high Arctic rock walls, while our model can contribute towards the understanding of factors influencing coastal and non-coastal settings and the associated surface energy balance.
Wind turbines in atmospheric flow – FSI simulations with hybrid
LES-IDDES turbulence modelling
Authors: Grinderslev Christian , Sørensen Niels Nørmark , Horcas Sergio González , Troldborg Niels , Zahle Frederik
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In order to design future large wind turbines, knowledge is needed about the impact of aero-elasticity on the rotor loads and performance, and about the physics of the atmospheric flow surrounding the turbines. The objective of the present work is to study both effects by means of high fidelity rotor-resolved numerical simulations. In particular, unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a 2.3 MW wind turbine rotor are conducted, this rotor being the largest design with relevant experimental data available to the authors. Turbulence is modeled with two different approaches. On one hand, the well established improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) model is employed. An additional set of simulations relies on a novel hybrid turbulence model, developed within the framework of the present work. It consists on the blending of a large eddy simulation (LES) model for atmospheric flow by Deardorff with an IDDES model for the separated flow near the rotor geometry. In the same way, the assessment of the influence of the blade flexibility is performed by comparing two different sets of computations. A first group accounts for a structural multi body dynamic (MBD) model of the blades. The MBD solver was coupled to the CFD solver during run time with a staggered fluid structure interaction (FSI) scheme. The second set of simulations uses the original rotor geometry, without accounting for any structural deflection. The results of the present work show no significant difference between the IDDES and the hybrid turbulence model. However, it is expected that future simulations of more complex stratification and longer domains will benefit from the developed hybrid model. In a similar manner, and due to the fact that the considered rotor was relatively stiff, the loading variation introduced by the blade flexibility was found to be negligible when compared to the influence of inflow turbulence. The simulation method validated here is considered highly relevant for future turbine designs, where the impact of blade elasticity will be significant and the detailed structure of the atmospheric inflow will be important.
A First Year Medical Student’s Perspective on Working in ICU during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McCabe Erin
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought forth unprecedented times. Due to this, medical students of all abilities and competencies can play a meaningful part in patient’s treatment.   Throughout medical school, teaching is focussed on the overarching clinical care needed – from medication to surgery. However, there are many other aspects of care required for patient’s recovery, such as personal care. Working as a healthcare assistant brings this to the forefront, particularly in an intensive care unit, during a pandemic. This allowed me to experience a different side of medicine and patient care, something I believe all medical students should see.
Experiential Teaching and Learning in Child and Youth Care Work:
Authors: Mann-Feder Varda
Published: December 2020

The Graduate Diploma in Youth Work is in its fifth year at Concordia University in Montreal.  In a department committed to experiential teaching and the training of practitioners, a large focus of the program is to immerse students in experiences that prepare them for engaging in reflexive and theoretically informed approaches to practice. The purpose of this article will be to illustrate our program model through four learning activities that are representative of our unique approach to youth worker education. An additional focus will be the ways in which our model and these activities align with the Association for Child and Youth Care Practice competencies.

 

            A model of integrative youth work education was developed in 2015 by Ranahan, Blanchet-Cohen and Mann-Feder to form the basis for an advanced Graduate Diploma in youth work in Montreal, Quebec (Concordia University, n.d.). The purpose of this article is to share four structured experiential learning activities that illustrate this model. Prior to describing the activities, an overview of our approach to integrative youth work will be provided, along with a discussion of how it aligns with the competencies for practice developed by the Association for Child and Youth Care Practice (ACYCP) (Association for Child and Youth Care Practice, 2010).
Montagens doentes e perversas: a informação no governo Bolsonaro durante a pandemia do coronavírus
Authors: Amaral Muriel Emídio Pessoa do
Published: December 2020

O artigo propõe discutir o quanto à tentativa de implantação sobre a nova metodologia acerca dos números da pandemia do novo coronavírus estaria associada com a prática de montagens perversas. As montagens, segundo a Psicanálise, recriam a realidade com o objetivo de evitar a angústia da castração. Dentro das práticas sociais, a perversão refuta o imperativo das Leis com o objetivo de permanecer em gozo. Assim, a nova contagem sugerida pelo governo, além de ser perversa, compromete o entendimento de política e espaço público desenvolvido por Hannah Arendt e fomenta a doença.
Mid-term follow-up of patients with vasovagal syncope
Authors: Başpınar Ömerhan , Meşe Timur , Karadeniz Cem , Özdemir Rahmi , Karaarslan Utku , Yozgat Yılmaz , Doksöz Önder , Küçük Mehmet , Ünal Nurettin
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate 3-year mid-term follow-up results that consist of treatment response, frequency of recurrences, predisposing factors that cause recurrence and prognosis in patients with syncope and presyncope. We also aimed to obtain useful information that will contribute to follow-up and treatment of these patients. METHODS: 285 consecutive patients diagnosed with syncope between January 2008 and December 2009 were enrolled into study. Patients files were rewieved retrospectively. Etiology of syncope in these patients were evaluated. 114 patients were diagnosed with vasovagal syncope. RESULTS: Vasovagal syncope 51.2 %, pseudo-syncope 22.1%, syncope with neurological origin 14.4%, cardiac syncope 2,1 % and unexplained syncope 10.2 % were found in 285 patients that were examined for syncope. 114 patients diagnosed with vasovagal syncope. Of those 58.8% female, 41.2% were male. Female to male ratio was 1,4. Mean age at presentation 11.7 ± 2.5 years, the mean age of first syncope 11.3 ± 5.2 years, and the mean duration of follow-up 42.8 ± 3.4 months were found. During the follow-up period recurrence of syncope was found in 31 patients (27.2%). Any effects of sex, absence or persence of prodromal symptoms, response type to tilt table test at the time of diagnosis was not determined on the reccurence and type of syncope. Significant decrease was seen in the number of syncope attacks after the tilt table test. The recurrence of syncope was observed in 15 of 26 patients that were treated with beta blockers,whereas 16 of 88 untreated patients. Reccurence of syncope were found more frequent in patients with drug therapy. CONCLUSION: In childhood period, education and recommendations, increasing fluid and salt intake are successful form of treatment for vasovagal syncope. In patients with recurrent syncope attacks β blocker treatment is used besides the recommendations. But effect of the beta blocker therapy for preventing the recurrence is limited. For this reason, medication should be used only in cases with frequently repeated vasovagal syncope attacks.
Evaluation of the school success in children with the diagnosis of congenital heart disease who underwent an intervention
Authors: Kanberoğlu Gülben İrem , Doksöz Önder , Bağ Özlem , Aras Öztürk Serpil Ece
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE: Congenital heart disease is one of the most common childhood diseases that affect both the children's and their families social life, quality of life and the children's academic achievement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the school performance of children suffering from congenital heart disease who underwent surgical or catheter based interventions. METHODS: The study group included 50 patients with congenital heart disease underwent surgical or catheter based interventions attending to secondary school (aged 12-15 years old) and 50 healthy controls. The academic success validation from official school grades of lessons Turkish, Mathematics, Science, Social Sciences lessons and behavioral attitudes were obtained from the Ministry of Education ‘’e-school’’ parent information system printouts. The patient group consisted of both cyanotic and acyanotic patients and each groups were compared with controls. RESULTS: Turkish, mathematics, physical education classes and behavioral attitudes note in the patient group was significantly lower than in the control group. The school success in Cyanotic group was significantly lower than the control group in Turkish, mathematics, education lessons and behavioral attitudes grades. Significant difference was not determined in science and social science lessons. CONCLUSION: Cyanotic group's success in mathematic and turkish lessons are lower in children with congenital heart disease especially in cyanotic group. We suggest that providing supportive teaching pragrammes for children with congenital hearth disease are needed in order to maintain academic success.
Determination of mothers’ attitudes and behaviors about the effects of TV-watching upon the health of children aged 1-6 years
Authors: Altınkılıç Zühal , Özkan Hava
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: The study was descriptively undertaken in order to determine the negative effects of TV-watching upon the health of children aged 1-6 and to explore mothers’ attitudes and behaviors about TV-watching. METHODS: The population of the study consisted of 4377 children aged 1-6 who were registered to Farabi Family Center and Horasan Family Center located in Horasan county of Erzurum Province in 2013. The sample of the study was composed of 353 mothers who had children aged 1-6 years. The data of the study were collected using an information form. For the data assessment; t test, Mann Whitney U test were used for the independent groups while one way variance analysis, Kruskal Wallis Analysis, Pearson and Yates corrected chi-square analysis were used for the independent groups. RESULTS: It was found out that most of the children watched TV for ≥ 2 hours and 61.2% of them had health problems in case they watched TV for long hours. It was seen that there was no difference in mean attitude scores of children aged 1-6 years in terms of TVwatching as far as mothers’ age groups were concerned (p>0.05) while significant difference existed in terms of mean behavior scores (p<0.001). It was revealed that there was significant difference in mean attitude and behavior scores of the children aged 1-6 in terms of TV-watching as far as mothers’ educational status, employment status, economic status, family type, the number of the children aged 1-6 and children’s gender were concerned (p<0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was understood that children watched TV more than the time interval recommended and had health problems-particularly; eye and sleep problems- in case they watched TV for a long time. It was seen that mothers’ educational status, family type, the number of the children they had, employment and economic status were important factors on children’s TV-watching. It will be useful to organize training programs that will make mothers aware of the fact that TV may have important psychosocial, mental, physical effects upon children.
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome developed following varicella vaccination: A pediatric case
Authors: Elmas Cengiz Han , Alparslan Caner , Sarıtaş Serdar , Mutlubaş Özhan Fatma , Kasap Demir Belde , Yavaşcan Önder , Aksu Nejat
Published: December 2020

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (RHS) was first described by J.Ramsay Hunt in 1907. Ramsay Hunt Syndrome also known as Herpes Zoster Oticus consists of facial paralysis accompained by the presence of erythematous vesicles on ear and/or oral mucosa and otalgia. This syndrome is most common in adults and older children and very rare in young children. Affected children display mild symptoms than adults. Following the primary infection, Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) becomes latent in the cells of the sensory ganglia and a reactivation associated with supressed cell-mediated immunity may occur after a period of time, resulting in RHS. Although subfebrile fever and chickenpox-like rash can happen from Varicella vaccine, the risk of RHS is extremely rare after immunization. It has been reported that the microorganism introduced into the body by means of live attenuated varicella vaccine becomes activated and causes varicella especially in immunocompromised patients. Following receipt of varicella vaccine, RHS has also been reported to occur rarely. We, herein, report the case of 13-month-old female patient with infantile nephrotic syndrome that who developed RHS after her immunization with vaccine in combination with varicella other live vaccines.
A pseudohypoparathyroidism case with rarely seen intracranial calcification in childhood
Authors: Korkmaz Özlem , Gürsu Hazım Alper , Kaya Ali , Aslaner Aldemir Betül
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized with end-organ resistance to parathormone (PTH) although normal hormone secretion and divided into two groups as Type 1 and Type 2. Furthermore, Type 1 PHPT is subdivided into 3 subgroups as ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’. Case: Ten years old male case has admitted to our department with numbness and spasm in hands and we have detected hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and increased parathormone levels. Cranial computed tomography revealed patchy calsific areas in phenotypically normal case. Conclusion: We primarily considered the case as having PHPT Type 1b or Type 2 and started active vitamine D and calcium replacement therapies which improved clinical and laboratory findings.
Community Capitals Policing merges food economy and public safety, repairing decades of harm
Authors: Neideffer Martin
Published: December 2020

A local, circular food economy like the one we are building in Alameda County, California, will not only alleviate food insecurity, create jobs, and improve the environment, it is also a center­piece of our 15-year-long effort to strengthen social cohesion, repair trust, and improve public safety through a revolutionary new approach to policing. More than 15 years ago, the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office launched a new brand of public safety, called Community Capitals Policing,[1] in Ashland and Cherryland, two unincorporated communities just south of Oakland, California. These communities have experienced dispropor­tionate levels of crime, poverty, disinvestment, disease, unemployment, and blight since the late 1970s. Our work, based on the community capitals framework (Fey, Bregendahl, & Flora, 2006), is taking a systems-level approach to repair the harm done to the community over decades of systemic racism and neglect. The work is informed by a seven-year project called Food Dignity, funded by a US$5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
La protección constitucional y convencional de los migrantes
Authors: Landa Arroyo Cesar
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo se medita sobre la situación de vulnerabilidad de

las personas migrantes y los caminos que se deben recorrer para la consideración del

derecho fundamental a migrar. En tal sentido, se rescatan los principales estándares

interamericanos para su protección, así como la actuación de la justicia constitucional

peruana en el actual contexto del ius constitutionale commune. Por último, se hace un

balance jurisprudencial del diálogo interjudicial en la garantía de los derechos de los

migrantes y se revalora la importancia del ius migrandi frente al caso venezolano.
PRECISE AGES FOR LODE GOLD MINERALIZATION IN THE XIAOQINLING GOLD FIELD, SOUTHERN MARGIN OF THE NORTH CHINA CRATON: NEW CONSTRAINTS FROM IN SITU U-Pb DATING OF HYDROTHERMAL MONAZITE AND RUTILE
Authors: Liu Junchen , Wang Yitian , Mao Jingwen , Jian Wei , Huang Shikang , Hu Qiaoqing , Wei Ran , Hao Jiaolong
Published: December 2020

The Xiaoqinling gold field, located along the southern margin of the North China craton, is the second largest gold producer in China, which comprises more than 1,200 auriferous quartz veins with a proven gold reserve of at least 800 tons. Previously, the absolute age of the gold metallogenesis in this area has not been well defined due to the lack of suitable dating minerals. This study presents new in situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry U-Pb ages of coexisting hydrothermal monazite and rutile for the Fancha gold deposit in this area, which yielded 206Pb/238U ages of 127.5 ± 0.7 Ma (n = 65, mean square of weighted deviates [MSWD] = 1.8) and 129.7 ± 4.3 Ma (n = 37, MSWD = 1.4), respectively. Both ages overlap within analytical uncertainty at the 2σ level of significance, suggesting that both gold-bearing veins were emplaced at ca. 128 Ma. Mineralogical observations indicate that the monazite and rutile precipitated simultaneously with gold from the hydrothermal fluid. Our new data, combined with recently published monazite age, define a more precise gold episode, demonstrating that the gold endowment of the Xiaoqinling area was formed during a relatively brief period at ca. 130 to 127 Ma. We suggest that auriferous fluids were generated as a result of interactions between the enriched mantle and the lower crust, which was driven by westward flat slab subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate during the late Mesozoic. The peak of lithospheric thinning during the postsubduction may have led to the rapid release of gold from the fertilized mantle. Consequently, the large number of gold-bearing veins in the Xiaoqinling area may ultimately be related to the tectonic evolution and mantle fluid processes that occurred during Early Cretaceous lithospheric extension.
Effect of stocking density and use of environmental enrichment materials on the welfare and the performance of pigs in the growth and finishing phases
Authors: Caldas Edilson D. , Michelon André , Foppa Luciana , Simonelli Sandra M. , Pierozan Carlos R. , Dario Julie G. N. , Duarte José V. S. , Silva Camilo C. R. , Silva Caio A.
Published: December 2020

Aim of study: To evaluate the effects of stocking density and the use of environmental enrichment (EE) objects on the welfare and the performance of pigs in the growing and finishing phases.Area of study: The southern region of Brazil.Material and methods: A total of 240 pigs, 120 immunocastrated males and 120 females, with an initial weight of 22.38 ± 2.38 kg and mean age of 65 days, were submitted to two stocking densities conditions (0.85 and 1.28 m²pig) with and without EE for 117 days. The experimental design was a 2×2×2 factorial (two categories, two densities, and two EE conditions), with six replicates. Performance variables and behavior were evaluated.Main results: For stocking density, there was a significant difference in the finishing phase from 148 to 161 days of age for the final weight (FW), average daily weight gain (ADWG), and feed conversion rate (FCR). For the EE factor, there was no difference in any of the phases or in the overall period. In the overall period, the higher availability of space improved the results of FW (140.56 kg vs 136.63 kg), ADWG (1.005 kg vs 0.974 kg), and FCR (2.05 vs 2.10). There was no effect of EE, stocking densities, or their interaction on the frequency of different behaviors of the pigs in the growth and finishing phases.Research highlights: There was no effect of interactions between enriched environments, stocking densities, and sex for animal performance and behavioral frequencies; however, differences between the factors were observed separately. The higher availability of space improved the results of FW, ADWG, and FCR.
Seismic stability of reinforced earth retaining walls
Authors: Bracegirdle A.
Published: December 2020

This paper describes a simplified seismic design approach proposed by the author (1979), based on limiting deformations. Limitations of the method are outlined and results of a simple computer programme presented. With further analysis, charts may be developed to provide a useful design tool.
A seismicity model for New Zealand
Authors: Peek R. , Berrill J. B. , Davis R. O.
Published: December 2020

A model for the distribution of shallow earthquake magnitudes in and around New Zealand is presented. The model comprises 9 onshore and 8 offshore regions, selected for their general tectonic homogeneity. For each region, values of the Gutenberg and Richter seismicity parameters a and b are estimated using seismological, geological and tectonic data. Smooth transitions between regions are achieved using concepts from fuzzy set theory. The model is well-suited to seismic risk computations.
Platformaansprakelijkheid – van ‘notice and takedown’ naar algoritmisch toezicht
Authors: Kulk S.
Published: December 2020

Platformaansprakelijkheid – van ‘notice and takedown’ naar algoritmisch toezicht

Wat kan en moet Facebook doen om smaad en laster te stoppen? Wat kan er van YouTube verlangd worden als het gaat om onthoofdingsvideo’s? En is Twitter aansprakelijk voor haatzaaiende berichten van twittergebruikers? Deze vragen raken allemaal aan de aansprakelijkheid en verantwoordelijkheid die internetplatforms hebben voor illegale en onrechtmatige inhoud die door hun gebruikers wordt gedeeld. De Richtlijn inzake elektronische handel is vooralsnog van groot belang als het gaat om de aansprakelijkheid van platformaanbieders. Maar dat staat te veranderen. Op een aantal specifieke terreinen heeft de Europese wetgever reeds nieuwe regelgeving aangenomen die ertoe strekt dat platformaanbieders meer moeten doen om bepaalde inhoud van hun platformen te weren. Er is bovendien een voorstel voor een ‘Digital Services Act package’ in de maak. Daarmee beoogt de Europese Commissie een nieuw kader neer te zetten voor het reguleren van digitale dienstverleners, waarin ook de aansprakelijkheid van deze dienstverleners zal worden herijkt. In deze bijdrage wordt een overzicht geboden van die ontwikkelingen en wordt in het bijzonder stilgestaan bij het gebruik van algoritmen om toezicht te houden op de online uitwisseling van informatie.
De toepasselijkheid van Uniegrondrechten op nationale verdergaande beschermingsmaatregelen
Authors: de Mol M.
Published: December 2020

De toepasselijkheid van Uniegrondrechten op nationale verdergaande beschermingsmaatregelen

De Uniegrondrechten zijn in beginsel van toepassing op nationale maatregelen die vallen binnen een Unierechtelijke bepaling die aan lidstaten een discretionaire bevoegdheid toekent. Het feit dat de lidstaten niet verplicht zijn om gebruik te maken van de bevoegdheid doet hier niet aan af. Hoe zit het echter met Unierechtelijke bepalingen die de lidstaten de ruimte geven om verdergaande bescherming te geven dan het EU-minimum? Als een lidstaat deze mogelijkheid benut door verdergaande bescherming te bieden, zijn de Uniegrondrechten dan ook van toepassing? Het arrest TSN en AKT geeft hierover duidelijkheid.

HvJ 19 november 2019, gevoegde zaken C-609/17 en C-610/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:981 (TSN en AKT)
Model of binary biological mixture fractionation in gravity field and in centrifugal-force field
Authors: Górka Andrzej
Published: December 2020

The publication describes a simplified model of the process of fractionation of binary biological mixtures in a closed reference system. The description of the model uses a balance of masses and forces forcing microparticle movement in a base fluid matrix. The movement, consistent with the direction of the excitation forces, was limited to independent migration channels with diameters comparable to the diameters of the migrating microparticles. In this model, the parameters of the densification process of the separated fraction in a single migration channel were applied to the entire volume of the fractioned mixture. The developed model applies to theoretical bases of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
Keywords: biological mixture fractionation, blood component sedimentation, mixture fractionation process model, peripheral blood ESR testing, fractionation in gravity field, fractionation in a centrifugal-force field
Das neue Ausweisungsrecht
Authors: Bode Katharina
Published: December 2020

On 1 January 2016, the German legislator completely restructured the deportation law (§§ 53–55 AufenthG) and has since then barely changed it. The author analyzes this legal restructuring. In the first part, she examines the history of the deportation law. The second section consists of an analysis of the new regulations which the author then evaluates in part three.

The deportation law is an important topic from a legal, social and political point of view. For example, the number of deportations has recently increased, and the legislator has repeatedly used sociopolitical events as a reason to change deportation law. This dissertation provides a suitable foundation for those who work with and on the new deportation law.
Das politische Europa
Authors: Landfried Christine
Published: December 2020

This new and expanded edition of this book analyses the political crisis in the EU. It argues that cultural, economic and political differences can offer both positive and negative potential for democratic governance in Europe. What counts is the way in which actors deal with those differences. In case studies of the eurozone crisis, Brexit and social and constitutional policies, the book researches the concrete impact of difference on European governance. On the basis of these empirical analyses, it then develops ways in which the EU can profit from the positive potential of difference and overcome the crisis. The author pleads for a convention in order for Europe to make a fresh start and learn from the mistakes made in the last convention on the future of the EU. To this end, the author interviewed the committee members of that convention. In these interviews, it becomes apparent that the EU crisis cannot be tackled with institutional reforms alone.
Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: S. Moodley Jerushka , Babu Naidu Krishna Suresh , Pillay Karen , Govender Patrick
Published: December 2020

The development and extensive spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria are considered as a major public health concern. Failures to control severe infections due to antibiotic resistance have augmented healthcare costs as well as patient morbidity and mortality. Presently, natural product-based therapeutics are gaining significant attention both for their antimicrobial effectiveness and for not persuading drug resistance. Furthermore, recent developments in nanoscience on new drug delivery systems built on nanostructured materials from plants and microbes have emerged which focus on targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. This review examines the recent investigations on the biological activities of plant and bacterial biological material for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis. Also, the underlying mechanism of antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles against human pathogens will be discussed. A fact of the biological activities and/or chemical responses of plants is required, not only for the discovery of new therapeutic agents, but because such evidence may be of value in disclosing new sources of already known biologically active compounds.
Study of Synergistic and Protective Effects of Three Different Polar Saffron Extracts and Photon Radiation on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells (HT-29) and Normal Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Nourbakhsh Mahnaz , Hosseinzade Amin , Chamani Jamshidkhan , Sazgarnia Ameneh , Salek Roham
Published: December 2020

Background: There are some hypotheses about radiation-sensitizing and radiation-protective effects of antioxidants. Saffron, dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is a precious medicinal plant that contains an impressive variety of plant compounds such as crocin, crocetin, and safranal that act as antioxidants. The present study examined the cytotoxic effects of saffron extracts with different polarity and their synergism or protective effects with radiation on a colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29) and normal human fibroblasts. Objectives: The aim was to find a natural agent to improve radiotherapy efficacy. Methods: HT-29 colorectal cancer cells and normal human fibroblasts were cultured in RPMI1640 medium, incubated with different concentrations of different saffron extracts (50-250 µg/ml), and then were exposed to a dose of 8 Gy of X-rays. The cytotoxicity effect was determined by the MTT assay. Results: Saffron extracts decreased cell viability in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells and normal human fibroblasts as a concentration-dependent manner. Combination radiotherapy with polar saffron extract in most doses showed synergistic effects on HT-29 cell death while it did not show any distinctive synergistic effect in normal cells. Semi-polar and non-Polar extracts just in low doses had synergistic effects on tumor cells. These two extracts did not show any protective effects on normal cells. Conclusions: Among the various saffron extracts, polar saffron extract and low doses of non-polar saffron extract in combination with radiation increase radiation sensitivity and cell death in tumor cells, while they do not increase radiation sensitivity in normal cells and even protect normal cells to some extent.
Why Does the Wood Not Ignite Itself? Duns Scotus’s Defense of the Will’s Self-Motion
Authors: Kim Yul ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

The goal of this paper is to analyze the response of John Duns Scotus to Godfrey of Fontaines’s argument against Henry of Ghent’s theory of the will’s self-motion. Godfrey’s argument is that, if the object is assumed to be causa sine qua non and the efficient causality is totally attributed to the will in the act of volition, it would also follow that not only the will’s motion but every motion in nature, such as, for example, the igniting of wood, is a self-motion. In this paper, I will explain that Scotus’s refutation of this argument in Reportatio II, d. 25 is based on his reflection upon the general possibility of self-motion as well as upon the indeterminacy of the will’s act. In doing so, I will show that the development of Scotus’s theory of the will’s motion is closely related to his universalized theory of self-motion.
The Role of Philosophical Courage in Philosophical Counseling
Authors: Al-Shawi Hakam ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

Traditionally we are familiar with at least two forms of courage: physical and moral. But the virtue has other forms which have not been widely recognized. One such form is “psychological courage” required to overcome psychological problems. Another form is “philosophical courage” required for philosophical counseling. In this paper, I argue that whether implicitly or explicitly, both counselor and client need courage, in its form as “philosophical courage,” for successful counseling. Moreover, the degree of such courage in both client and counselor will determine the extent to which issues are brought into question.
Absolute Nonsense
Authors: Cohen Elliot D. ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This paper shows how Logic-Based Therapy can constructively employ philosophical theories (such as those of Augustine, Aquinas, Spinoza, Hume, and Epictetus) as potent antidotes to the fallacy of Demanding Perfection.
Estratégias da Faber-Castell Brasil no facebook para ampliar sua visibilidade na ambiência digital
Authors: Ghisleni Taís Steffenello , Silva Raíssa Grígolo da
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar as estratégias comunicacionais da marca Faber-Castell Brasil, que concentra seus esforços na área comunicacional para o contexto da ambiência digital. O estudo foi realizado a partir das observações de postagens da organização em sua página no Facebook, nos meses de junho e julho de 2017. Com caráter qualitativo quantitativo, através do método de análise de conteúdo, foi possível verificar que a Faber-Castell Brasil carrega, de forma subjetiva, seu posicionamento e mantém, em sua comunicação, a essência dos produtos que a marca comercializa.
Arqueologia da mídia e “escavação” no Twitter: o nascimento da hashtag #Rio2016
Authors: Teixeira Carlos Roberto Gaspar , Tietzmann Roberto
Published: December 2020

A arqueologia da mídia é um conceito que visa entender os processos culturais por meio da escavação de registros midiáticos. Esse artigo se propôs a identificar como ocorreu o surgimento da hashtag #Rio2016. Para isso, por meio de um “agir arqueológico”, foram utilizadas ferramentas que buscam registros digitais em sites para determinar quando o termo surgiu no Twitter. A partir dos conceitos de arqueologia da mídia e dos levantamentos realizados foi apresentado o processo de resgate dos registros, assim como uma reflexão acerca os dados recuperados.
Comunicação como memória organizacional: pertencimento e identidade nas organizações
Authors: Silva Marcela Guimarães , Colvero Ronaldo Bernardino , Fernandes Fabio Frá
Published: December 2020

Compreender a comunicação como um instrumento da memória organizacional para fortalecer o pertencimento e a identidade das organizações é objetivo central deste artigo. Amparado por estudos sobre memória e comunicação organizacional, este trabalho ainda orienta seu olhar sobre o Museu Antropológico Diretor Pestana - MADP como um equipamento cultural de grande importância para a preservação da história e memória da região noroeste gaúcha, em especial sobre a FIDENE, sua mantenedora. Por fim, é apresentado o acervo histórico e mnemônico do MADP que instrumentalizado pela comunicação, compartilha a trajetória, os valores e as crenças da Fundação para com seus públicos, constituindo identidade e pertencimento organizacional.
Cultura visual e educação: cartografias afetivas e compreensão crítica das imagens
Authors: Valle Lutiere Dalla
Published: December 2020

Este texto propõe discutir e analisar a potência das imagens como (con)formadoras das identidades contemporâneas e suas problemáticas no âmbito da educação. Objetiva articular experimentações de análise crítica e performativa diante da hegemonia cultural. Embasam a escrita Metodologias Visuais a partir de Fernando Hernández e autores, sob o enfoque da Perspectiva Educativa da Cultura Visual.
SCIndeks Premium package: Articles in HTML and interactive PDF
Authors:   Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science, Belgrade, Đorđević Dragoljub , Kosanović Biljana , Stanić Nikola , Šipka Nebojša , Antić Milica , Dželetović Tanja , Šipka Pero
Published: December 2020

The production, purpose and significance of HTML and interactive PDF (iPDF), as the dominant publishing formats in modern scientific journals, are described. Presented are the benefits of the HTML format, as well as the functionalities of the interactive PDF as a by-product of the HTML production based on XML. In addition, a detailed description of some newly implemented technologies in SCIndeks is given. Functionalities of the Premium package are fully described. Finally, a new SCIndeks interface, created to enable the integration of HTML versions of papers into the existing application is reviewed.
Unresolved issues about the right to vote of persons with disabilities.
Authors: Sánchez Muñoz Óscar
Published: December 2020

In a social and democratic State, political legitimacy relies on participation of all people in political life. However, persons with disabilities have been frequently denied their right to political participation in a variety of ways and for a variety of reasons, often the result of direct or indirect discrimination. In accordance with article 9.2 of the Spanish Constitution «it is incumbent upon the public authorities to facilitate the participation of all citizens in political life». On the other hand, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ratified by Spain in 2008, establishes that «the States Parties shall guarantee to persons with disabilities political rights and the opportunity to enjoy them on an equal basis with others». The aim of this article is to analyze how the Spanish laws provide different measures and procedures to facilitate the voting rights of persons with disabilities. We will focus on the recent reform of the Organic Law of General Electoral Regime repealing the possibility of disenfranchisement of persons with intellectual disabilities, paying particular attention to the doubts and concerns raised by its implementation.Summary:I. INTRODUCTION. II. SUPPORT MEASURES TO FACILITATE THE EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT TO VOTE OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES. 1. Voting in presence mode. 2. Voting at a distance (by correspondence). III. THE SPECIFIC PROBLEM OF THE PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY OR WITH CONGNITIVE DETERIORATION. 1. The reform of the LOREG: background, processing and application difficulties. 2. The lack of support measures for people with intellectual disabilities. 3. The specific problem of the vote by mail when it is requested by representative. IV. Conclusions. V. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Security and attitudes toward globalization: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Cameron James E. , Kocum Lucie , Berry John W.
Published: December 2020

Globalization implicates a number of social psychological processes and outcomes, including openness to ideas, products, and people from outside one’s national boundaries. Drawing from theory and research on intergroup threat, the researchers posited that people will be more open to connections between their nation and others if they feel their economic situation and culture are relatively secure. They found some support for these hypotheses in 2 sets of archival survey responses collected by the Pew Global Attitudes Project in 2002 (40 countries; N = 34,073) and 2009 (25 countries; N = 22,500). Personal economic security and perceived national economic security were associated with more positive attitudes toward globalization in both survey years. However, country-level variables—development status (as indexed by the United Nations’ Human Development Index) and aggregated economic and cultural security—moderated the individual-level effects in several ways. Individual perceptions of national economic security more strongly predicted attitudes toward globalization in more favourable climates (e.g., in more developed countries, and at higher levels of country-level national economic security). Individual-level cultural security was positively associated with attitudes toward globalization in countries with higher levels of socioeconomic development, but negatively related to those attitudes in less developed nations. The results provide some new perspectives on individual and collective factors that inform the perceived benefits of globalization.
Legal Research Methodology Reposition in Research on Social Science
Authors: Budianto Agus
Published: December 2020

A legal researcher must see that research is an activity. The research is not only reading books, principles, doctrines, and regulations but also an activity to find data. Legal research should no longer distinguish between normative research and sociological research, or qualitative and quantitative research. This research method uses focus group discussions as used in qualitative research. The results of the study are that the law was born from the community that the legal system consists of substance, system, and culture. So that legal research that has its characteristics and is different from social science (sui generis) needs to be re-examined in its meaning in research. Related to the use of primary data existence, in socio-legal research requires primary data whose ranking consists of 7 (seven), namely: Dissertation, National and International scientific journal articles, Thesis and Thesis, Interview, Academic Paper, Court Verdict and Case, which how to obtain primary data must be systematic, scientific and rational. So in addition to normative juridical research with the object of research on legal principles, teachings or legal theories, and legal doctrines, legal research needs to reposition primary data in socio-legal research.
Porozumienia pay-for-delay jako ograniczenie konkurencji ze względu na cel.Glosa do wyroku Sądu Unii Europejskiej z dnia 8 września 2016 r. w sprawie T-472/13 H. Lundbeck A/S i Lundbeck Ltd. przeciwko Komisji Europejskiej
Authors: Wosik Paulina
Published: December 2020

Pay-for-delay agreements as “by object” violations of competition law. Case comment to the Judgment of the General Court of 8 September 2016 in case T-472/13 H. Lundbeck A/S and Lundbeck Ltd v. European Commission
Zakaz reklamy aptek i ich działalności – geneza wprowadzenia i ocena regulacji
Authors: Wiszniewska Joanna
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to present the origin of the introduction of the prohibition of pharmacy advertising into the Polish legal system. The fi rst part discusses the reasons why the partial prohibition of pharmacy advertising, related to reimbursed drugs, was implemented in 2007. The paper then focuses on the absolute prohibition of the advertising of pharmacies and their operations introduced in 2012, which constitutes the strictest regulation of such kind in Europe. This will give the opportunity to critically examine both the law and its implementation. In conclusion, the current initiatives to abolish the regulation will be presented
Konsekwencje nowej ustawy refundacyjnej dla pacjentów i płatnika
Authors: Haczyński Józef , Skrzypczak Zofia
Published: December 2020

The Act on the Reimbursement of Medicines, Foodstuffs Intended for Particular Nutritional Uses and Medical Devices came into force on 1 January 2012. Its purpose was to transform the Polish medicine reimbursement so that the available public funds corresponded as closely as possible to the current social needs in the supply of refunded products. The consequence of the new reimbursement act – experienced painfully by patients - was a decrease in the share of reimbursement (and thus increase in patients’ contribution) in the value of the purchased medicine on prescription (Rx).
The Aura of Eccentricity: Reflections on Outsider Art Rhetoric and its Impact on a Critical Discourse
Authors: Kramer Cortney Anderson
Published: December 2020

In the field of Art History, affecting art with the artist’s aura is a central mechanism of canon creation that mythologizes artists into objects of desire. This tendency permeates outsider art whose appeal is rooted in biographical exceptionalism and eccentricity rather than aesthetic aptitude (see Morgan 2018). Reviewing the work of Henry Darger, Eugene Von Bruenchenhein, and A.G. Rizzoli—artists whose works are accumulative, some suggest compulsive, in reiteration and magnitude—this essay explores the pitfalls of projecting an aesthetic affect onto the artist and in turn building their value upon a fabricated aura of eccentricity. The aura of eccentricity resides at the nexus between material and idea. It is both real and mythologized, materially communicated through excess, opulence, and exaggeration of shapes, scale, colour, and medium yet ideologically created in the realm of differentiating adjectives and semantic flourishes. Engaging with Walter Benjamin and Theodor Adorno, this essay argues that material culture demands self-awareness of our own interpretive prejudices, in this case fashioning the artist outsider with eccentric narratives retroactively projected upon them through the interpretation of their work.