bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals: reconceptualising a ‘sustainable development assessment tool’ for the health and care system in England
Authors: Hewitt Michael , Molthan-Hill Petra , Lomax Richard , Baddley Jerome
Published: July 2018

Aim:

As one of the biggest organisations in the world, the National Health Service (NHS) in England can contribute considerably to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN’s SDGs). In order to optimise this, this study evaluated and reconceptualised a sustainable development assessment tool for health and care settings in England.

Methods:

A quantitative survey and user/expert discussion panels were conducted to evaluate and reconceptualise the existing sustainable development assessment tool used by the NHS in England, the so-called ‘Good Corporate Citizenship Assessment Tool’, including potential improvements such as the integration of the UN’s SDGs.

Results:

A reconceptualised self-assessment tool integrating the UN’s SDGs was developed and implemented online as the ‘Sustainable Development Assessment Tool’ (SDAT). Further improvements included a process-oriented redesign and the creation of new modules and cross-sections aligning them with the leads responsible for the implementation of key initiatives in NHS organisations, which would contribute to achieving the targets of the SDGs.

Conclusion:

User/expert involvement has enabled an informed approach to a reconceptualisation of a sustainable assessment tool for health and care settings. The tool will support organisations to build their mandatory Sustainable Development Management Plans, as part of the National Public Health Outcomes Framework. Alignment of the tool to the UN’s SDGs provides an opportunity for health and care organisations to demonstrate accountability and progress against the UN’s set of transformational goals. Furthermore, the tool could be adapted to other public service providers.
The magnitude and correlates of geriatric depression using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) – a Bahrain perspective for the WHO 2017 campaign ‘Depression – let’s talk’
Authors: Asokan GV , Awadhalla M , Albalushi A , al-Tamji S , Juma Z , Alasfoor M , Gayathripriya N
Published: July 2018

Aims:

Amid no current estimates or correlates of geriatric depression in Bahrain and support WHO campaign 2017 ‘Depression–let’s talk’, we aimed to assess the magnitude of geriatric depression and explore its association with socio-demographic and health characteristics among the Bahrainis.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the geriatric Bahrainis attending the 12 community congregations of the ministry of labor and social development in Bahrain, as well as in the community, by a convenient sampling method using a validated, shorter, Arabic version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15 items) which is a self-report instrument to screen for clinical depression. Univariate analysis followed by a multivariate ordinal logistic regression was employed to test the associations between socio-demographic and health characteristics for geriatric depression.

Results:

Of the 517 participants, 85% had the history of illness and polypharmacy. The prevalence of depression was 50.6% with a mean score of 5.23; mild, moderate, and severe depression was 30.8%, 12.4%, and 7.3%, respectively. Among the significant socio-demographic and health characteristics, the ordinal regression showed that lower depressive scores were observed for those currently married, educated, and who had not been hospitalized in the last year, with higher scores for financially dependent/income < BD 200(≈£377).

Conclusion:

The high prevalence of geriatric depression using the screening tool of GDS-15 demands further diagnostic assessment by mental health professionals. Lower levels of education linked to low income or financial dependency, widowed or separated, and recent hospitalization were the factors associated with depression. We recommend targeted interventions of proactive screening and treatment options, cognitive behavioral therapy, and interpersonal therapy.
The evolving immunotherapeutic landscape in advanced oesophagogastric cancer
Authors: Flynn Michael , Young Kate , Cunningham David , Starling Naureen
Published: July 2018

Improvements in median overall survival in the advanced oesophagogastric (OG) setting have plateaued, underlining the need for improved therapeutic approaches in this patient population. Immunotherapeutics are inducing unexpected durable responses in an expanding list of advanced disease indications. Although OG cancers have traditionally been considered to be more challenging to treat with immunotherapy than some other malignancies because of their variable tumour mutational burden and relative scarcity of infiltrating T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) trials conducted over the last few years suggest there is an important role for these treatments. ICPI efficacy may be demonstrated in specific molecular subtypes of OG cancer. This review outlines the improvements in defining predictive biomarkers of responsiveness to ICPIs. Increasingly, identification of an expanding list of ICPI resistance mechanisms will drive biomarker-directed research. In addition, the specific rationale to combine ICPIs with chemotherapies, radiotherapies, targeted therapies and other novel immunotherapeutic drugs will be discussed.
Improving drug adherence in osteoporosis: an update on more recent studies
Authors: Jaleel Ayesha , Saag Kenneth G. , Danila Maria I.
Published: July 2018

Similar to other chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, osteoporosis has struggled with suboptimal medication adherence, resulting in an increased risk of fractures and all-cause mortality. The goal of this narrative review was to summarize interventions to improve medication adherence in osteoporosis. Because past reviews of this topic covered published literature through 2013, we conducted our literature search to include the period between January 2012 and November 2017. We identified 10 studies evaluating healthcare system and patient interventions aimed at improving osteoporosis treatment adherence, including three fracture liaison service (FLS) programs, one pharmacist-delivered counseling program, and six patient-directed interventions consisting of three coaching or counseling programs and three interventions using reminder prompts. Four out of the six patient-directed interventions did not lead to significant improvements in outcomes, suggesting that patient-directed interventions may have limited success in this setting. The healthcare system interventions that evaluated FLS programs and pharmacist-directed tailored counseling were effective at improving medication adherence; however, the studies were not randomized, they were costly, resource intensive and effective in countries with more centralized healthcare, possibly limiting their generalizability. In conclusion, while healthcare system interventions such as FLS, and pharmacist-delivered counseling appeared to be successful in improving osteoporosis medication adherence in some settings, behavioral interventions including patient counseling and reminder prompts for medication utilization were not, perhaps due to patient perceptions regarding osteoporosis consequences and need for treatment. Thus, these patient attributes may define patients ‘at high risk’ for poor adherence and developing intervention approaches to enhance patient knowledge and understanding of osteoporosis and its consequences may improve the perception of the need for treatment, optimize osteoporosis care and thereby improve overall outcomes of patients with osteoporosis. We hope that the knowledge gained through our review will help inform the design of further programs aimed at optimizing osteoporosis care.
Association between physical health and cardiovascular diseases: Effect modification by chronic conditions
Authors: Saquib Nazmus , Brunner Robert , Desai Manisha , Allison Matthew , Garcia Lorena , Stefanick Marcia L
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

This study assessed whether the physical component summary score of the RAND-36 health-related quality-of-life survey was associated with incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, angina, or peripheral arterial disease, and whether baseline chronic conditions modified these associations.

Methods:

Analysis was limited to 69,155 postmenopausal women (50–79 years) in the Women’s Health Initiative Study who had complete data on the RAND-36, the outcomes, and covariates. Chronic conditions were defined as blood pressure ⩾140/90 mm or self-reported heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, asthma, emphysema, cancer, and/or cholesterol-reducing medication use. Outcomes data were ascertained during follow-up (1993–2005) with medical records.

Results:

There were 2451 coronary heart disease, 1896 stroke, 1533 congestive heart failure, 1957 angina, and 502 peripheral arterial disease events during follow-up (median 8.2 years). Participants in the lowest physical component summary quintile, compared to the highest, had a significantly higher risk of developing coronary heart disease (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.0 (1.7, 2.3)), stroke (1.8 (1.5, 2.2)), angina (2.4(2.0, 2.9)), and peripheral arterial disease (3.0 (2.0, 4.4)), irrespective of chronic conditions. Interactions between physical component summary and existing chronic conditions were not significant for any outcome except congestive heart failure (p = 0.005); after adjustment, participants in the lowest physical component summary quintile and with any chronic condition had nearly a twofold higher risk of congestive heart failure (Yes = 4.4 (3.3, 5.8) vs No = 2.4 (1.2, 4.3)).

Conclusion:

We found a low physical component summary score was a significant risk factor for individual cardiovascular disease incidence in postmenopausal women.
Contribution of terroir store brands to retailers’ legitimacy and CSR and price images
Authors: Lacœuilhe Jérôme , Louis Didier , Lombart Cindy
Published: July 2018

This research shows that consumers’ attitude toward terroir store brands has a positive and significant influence on the store price image and on the retailer’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) image, regardless of the store format considered (hypermarket, supermarket, and convenience). It thus affirms that the terroir store brand, with a price–quality ratio considered satisfactory by consumers, contributes to the development of a positive price image and a favorable CSR image. This research also indicates that consumers’ attitude toward terroir store brands has a direct positive and significant influence, or indirect influence through its CSR image, on two dimensions of territorial legitimacy (territorial impregnation and territorial rooting). Terroir store brands are thus shown to be a factor in retailer legitimization.
The Association Between Filial Piety and Depressive Symptoms Among U.S. Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Li Mengting , Dong XinQi
Published: July 2018

Background: Depressive symptoms are detrimental to the overall health and well-being of older adults. This study aimed to examine the association between filial piety and depressive symptoms among U.S. Chinese older adults. Method: Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE), a community-engaged, population-based epidemiological study of U.S. Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above in the Greater Chicago area. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was adopted to measure depressive symptoms. Six domains of filial piety were evaluated, involving respect, happiness, care, greeting, obedience, and financial support. Regression analyses were performed. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, education, annual personal income, marital status, living arrangement, number of children, years in the United States, years in the community and medical comorbidities, every one point lower in filial piety expectation score was associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms (RR [rate ratio] = .96, .95-.98). And every one point lower in filial piety receipt score was associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms (RR = .94, .93-.95). Discussion: This study provides insights to research on filial piety and depressive symptoms by examining expectation and perceived receipt of filial piety. Future studies are needed to investigate the association between filial discrepancy and depressive symptoms.
Grab a Seat! Nudging Providers to Sit Improves the Patient Experience in the Emergency Department
Authors: Orloski Clinton J , Tabakin Erica R , Shofer Frances S , Myers Jennifer S , Mills Angela M
Published: July 2018

Objective:

We assessed whether provider sitting influenced patient satisfaction in an academic emergency department (ED) and if education and/or environmental manipulation could nudge providers to sit.

Methods:

This was a prospective, controlled pre–post trial of provider sitting and its influence on patient satisfaction within 2 urban, academic EDs. A 12-item survey was administered to a convenience sample of patients to assess for care satisfaction before, during, and after study interventions. Study interventions included (a) placement of branded folding seats and (b) an educational campaign. Only the intervention ED received folding seats. The primary outcome examined the influence of provider sitting on patient satisfaction. A secondary outcome examined the frequency of provider sitting.

Results:

During the entire study period, 2827 patients were surveyed; 63% were female and 65% were between the ages of 26 and 65. Sitting at any point during an ED encounter improved responses to satisfaction questions (polite [67% vs 59%], cared [64% vs 54%], listened [60% vs 52%], informed [57% vs 47%], time [56% vs 45%], P < .0001 for all measures). The odds of provider sitting increased 30% when a seat was placed in the room (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.5). No change in provider sitting was observed in the control ED (OR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8-1.2).

Conclusions:

Placing a seat in a patient’s room nudges providers to sit during an ED encounter. Education alone did not influence provider behavior. Sitting down resulted in significantly higher patient satisfaction scores during an ED visit.
Enacting property: Making space for the public in the municipal library
Authors: Freeman Lisa M , Blomley Nick
Published: July 2018

The space of the municipal library is changing. Libraries are no longer the traditional haven for quiet contemplation. In many cities across North America and the UK, municipal libraries have become a central social hub, a social service provider and a place of shelter for the marginal. In combination with technological advances and the hovering threat of budget cuts, the space of the library and the multiple publics it serves has becoming increasingly debated. We argue that the library and its changing mandate can be usefully understood through a property lens. The library is not only public space, we argue, but also public property. The manner in which the library, as public property, is enacted, is complicated most immediately by the competing conceptions of the ‘public’ that the library is to serve, but also by the ambivalent relationship between the ‘public’ and the ‘private’, and by the spatiality of the library itself. We demonstrate these complications in the context of changes to the sleeping policy in the Edmonton Public Library in Alberta, Canada (2014–2015).
Towards a critical politics of translation: (Re)Producing hegemonic climate governance
Authors: Machen Ruth
Published: July 2018

This paper raises critical questions about the relationship between knowledge translation and hegemonic power, and the way that this relationship shapes particular forms of neoliberal climate governance. The process of making scientific knowledge meaningful for policy audiences is increasingly being described as knowledge translation (over knowledge transfer or knowledge exchange), but what process does the language of translation describe? What discursive work is performed? And what politics does this shift in language serve? Through detailed analysis of a science–policy boundary organisation in Scotland, the paper examines the way in which emphasis on knowledge translation is central to creating a “demand-led” model of science–policy interaction. Drawing from Laclau and Mouffe’s work on articulation, the paper demonstrates the discursive work that translation performs in facilitating the construction and circulation of particular forms of scientific knowledge that (re)produce neoliberal climate change discourses and neoliberal modes of policy delivery. The paper further develops this argument by unpacking science–policy translation as a hegemonic practice. It concludes by calling for greater critical awareness of the hegemonic politics performed through science–policy translation, and highlights key implications – for boundary work, for knowledge politics and for addressing climate change.
When fats commit crimes: fatty acid metabolism, cancer stemness and therapeutic resistance
Authors: Kuo Ching‐Ying , Ann David K.
Published: July 2018

The role of fatty acid metabolism, including both anabolic and catabolic reactions in cancer has gained increasing attention in recent years. Many studies have shown that aberrant expression of the genes involved in fatty acid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation correlate with malignant phenotypes including metastasis, therapeutic resistance and relapse. Such phenotypes are also strongly associated with the presence of a small percentage of unique cells among the total tumor cell population. This distinct group of cells may have the ability to self‐renew and propagate or may be able to develop resistance to cancer therapies independent of genetic alterations. Therefore, these cells are referred to as cancer stem cells/tumor‐initiating cells/drug‐tolerant persisters, which are often refractory to cancer treatment and difficult to target. Moreover, interconversion between cancer cells and cancer stem cells/tumor‐initiating cells/drug‐tolerant persisters may occur and makes treatment even more challenging. This review highlights recent findings on the relationship between fatty acid metabolism, cancer stemness and therapeutic resistance and prompts discussion about the potential mechanisms by which fatty acid metabolism regulates the fate of cancer cells and therapeutic resistance.
Successful Relief of Back Pain From Baastrup Disease (Kissing Spines) by Interspinous Radiofrequency Lesioning: A Case Report
Authors: Clark Brittney M. , Lamer Tim J.
Published: July 2018

Baastrup disease is a condition where spinous processes form painful pseudoarticulations. We present a patient with midline axial back pain consistent with Baastrup disease confirmed by computed tomography, which revealed degenerative changes along the opposing surfaces of the spinous processes at L1–2 and L2–3. Local anesthetic and steroid interspinous injections lost their effectiveness over time. She underwent successful interspinous radiofrequency lesioning, which has not been previously described in the literature. At 4 months follow-up, she reported complete pain relief.
Traumatic Tracheobronchial Laceration Causing Complete Tracheal Resection: Challenges of Anesthetic Management
Authors: Khan Sabina A. , Ekeoduru Rhashedah A. , Tariq Sarah
Published: July 2018

We report the case of a 9-year-old girl who sustained blunt trauma to the chest and presented for emergent repair of a complete tracheobronchial laceration. Tracheobronchial laceration is potentially life threatening. While conservative management has been described for simple tears, more complex injuries require surgical repair. We discuss the anesthetic challenges, airway management, and ventilation options for surgical repair in a child with a complex laceration involving the tracheobronchial tree.
Safe Use of Epidural Analgesia in a Parturient With Spinocerebellar Ataxia: A Case Report
Authors: Saraswat Aditi , Gunasekaran Sharadhadevi , Choksi Nandak
Published: July 2018

A 28-year-old, gravida 7, para 4 woman with medical history of sickle cell trait presented to labor and delivery at 39 weeks of gestation for rupture of membranes. The patient had a history of suspected spinocerebellar ataxia with incomplete workup before the current admission. The patient requested epidural analgesia for labor. Epidural was placed at L3–L4 interspace without any complications and the rest of the labor was uneventful. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed after the delivery and the diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia was confirmed. The patient’s neurological status remained stable after the procedure.
Oropharyngeal Stenosis Leading to an Unanticipated Difficult Airway in a Patient After Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Boles Kathryn S. , Casler John D. , Porter Steven B.
Published: July 2018

Oropharyngeal stenosis can manifest as a rare complication after surgery for obstructive sleep apnea or tonsillectomy. Scar tissue formation from oropharyngeal stenosis may impede tracheal intubation or laryngeal mask airway insertion. We report the case of an asymptomatic adult woman found to have oropharyngeal stenosis after induction of anesthesia and discuss the management of this challenging scenario. We also contrast oropharyngeal stenosis with nasopharyngeal stenosis, another rare complication of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.
Two-Level Continuous Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Blocks Providing Opioid-Free Postoperative Analgesia After Latissimus Dorsi Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Swisher Matthew William , Gabriel Rodney A. , Khatibi Bahareh
Published: July 2018

We present the case of a 55-year-old woman undergoing a delayed latissimus dorsi flap breast reconstruction after a simple mastectomy for breast cancer. Preoperatively, 2 unilateral paravertebral catheters were placed at T3/4 and T7/8 for postoperative analgesia. Postoperatively, ropivacaine 0.2% was infused until the day of discharge on postoperative day 2. The patient had excellent postoperative analgesia and required no opioids or other analgesics through postoperative day 10. We report that multilevel paravertebral nerve blockade could represent an opioid-sparing alternative for postoperative analgesia for latissimus dorsi flap breast reconstruction patients.
Spinal Cord Neuromodulation Therapy for Levofloxacin-Reinduced Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Neurotoxicity: A Case Report
Authors: Hao David , Kiss Geza , Grubb William , Cohen Shaul , Levin Danielle , Sakr Ashraf
Published: July 2018

Fluoroquinolones are a class of popular outpatient antimicrobial agents with a wide spectrum of therapeutic indications for respiratory and genitourinary infections. Though the most common side effects are gastrointestinal, fluoroquinolones have been increasingly associated with neurotoxicity including peripheral neuropathy and seizures. We present here a case of a 43-year-old woman with previously resolved type I complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) who presented with symptoms of CRPS and neurotoxicity in the setting of levofloxacin administration. Our aim is to advocate for increased caution in prescribing to patients with a history of neuropathology including CRPS.
When All Else Fails: Novel Use of Angiotensin II for Vasodilatory Shock: A Case Report
Authors: Chow Jonathan H. , Galvagno Samuel M. , Tanaka Kenichi A. , Mazzeffi Michael A. , Chancer Zackary , Henderson Reney , McCurdy Michael T.
Published: July 2018

Angiotensin (AT) II is an endogenous hormone that acts on venous and arterial smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction. Recent trials have sparked great interest in its ability to be used as a vasopressor for catecholamine-refractory hypotension. Herein, we describe the successful use of AT II in a patient with a colonic perforation with septic shock refractory to conventional treatment. After AT II initiation, there was an immediate reduction in catecholamine requirement, and the patient survived.
Anesthetic Care of 2 Siblings With Neonatal Ichthyosis and Sclerosing Cholangitis Syndrome: Case Reports
Authors: Khalifa Céline , Boliaki Botombe Geoffrey , Stephenne Xavier , Veyckemans Francis
Published: July 2018

We report for the first time the anesthetic management of 2 sisters suffering from neonatal ichthyosis and sclerosing cholangitis syndrome. They both presented with neonatal cholestatic jaundice and ichthyosis. The first was admitted for orthotopic liver transplantation at the age of 1 year, and the second patient underwent open pyeloplasty for a pyeloureteric junction syndrome at the age of 4 years. These 2 case reports highlight that, except for the potential difficulties with securing the catheters, dressings and endotracheal tube to the skin, the anesthetic implications of neonatal ichthyosis and sclerosing cholangitis syndrome are mainly related to the liver disease: cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Securing the Airway in Pretracheal Dermal Metastases From Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Truong Angela T. , Truong Dam-Thuy , Gillenwater Ann M. , Soliz Jose M. , Rahlfs Thomas F.
Published: July 2018

Dermal metastases reflect the ominous and aggressive spread of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. The rampant proliferation of these metastatic tumors to the neck results in respiratory distress and impending airway obstruction. We report a case of a patient with massive neck dermal metastases requiring urgent airway control for intermittent stridor. Awake tracheostomy is generally regarded as the gold standard to manage the compromised airway. However, in this unusual case, after discussion between surgeon and anesthesiologist, because of the anticipated formidable difficulties in performing awake tracheostomy, it was decided that awake fiberoptic intubation would provide the best chance of success.
Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Catheter for Analgesia After Infant Thoracotomy: A Case Report
Authors: Kaplan Irem , Jiao York , AuBuchon Jacob Daniel , Moore Robert P.
Published: July 2018

The erector spinae plane block is an emerging technique for the provision of thoracolumbar analgesia with reported pediatric applications. We describe the placement of a continuous erector spinae plane catheter at the T5-T6 level in a 7-month-old infant who was undergoing thoracotomy for left upper lobectomy due to congenital pulmonary airway malformation. This technique resulted in outstanding analgesia without the need for opioid rescue analgesia. This block has a low degree of technical difficulty and is placed in area devoid of nearby critical structures and could be used in a number of potentially painful interventions.
Echo Findings of Intraoperative Surgical Glue Remnant on the Aortic Valve: A Case Report
Authors: Tahara Shintaro , Nagai Takako , Hattori Yoichiro , Nozumi Yusaku
Published: July 2018

Surgical adhesive agents are frequently applied to reinforce aortic sutures in cardiac and aortic surgery. They are thought to provide hemostasis and safely and effectively reduce morbidity. Complications owing to surgical glue remnants, however, have been reported. In our recent case, a surgical glue remnant was detected on the aortic valve by transesophageal echocardiography. For detection of such surgical glue remnants, and to prevent associated serious potential complications, comprehensive transesophageal echocardiography is important. If surgical glue is applied during operative procedures, the heart and aorta should be carefully examined by transesophageal echocardiography.
Transtracheal Use of the CriCath Cannula in Combination With the Ventrain Device for Prevention of Hypoxic Arrest due to Severe Upper Airway Obstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Heuveling Derrek A. , Mahieu Hans F. , Jongsma-van Netten Hinke G. , Gerling Volker
Published: July 2018

A patient recently treated with surgery and radiation for oropharyngeal cancer presented with impending hypoxic respiratory and cardiac arrest in a difficult airway scenario. A CriCath cannula in combination with the Ventrain device and its active expiratory ventilation technology enabled oxygenation and ventilation for 60 minutes until a surgical airway was established. This case report is the first to describe the intended use of Ventrain technology in an emergent “can’t ventilate–can’t intubate” scenario.
Collaborative Establishment of Difficult Vascular Access for General Anesthetic Management of an Adult With Tetra-Amelia: A Case Report
Authors: Horn Meghan P. , Khaja Minhaj S. , Stucken Emily Z. , Saad Wael E.
Published: July 2018

Tetra-amelia is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the absence of limbs. We describe the anesthetic management of a 29-year-old woman with tetra-amelia who underwent general anesthesia for tympanomastoidectomy with meatoplasty for an extensive right ear cholesteatoma. Anesthetic challenges related to tetra-amelia include difficult intravenous access, lack of sites for blood pressure monitoring, and possible difficult airway management due to craniofacial anomalies. Our case report focuses on the complex establishment of iliac artery access for invasive blood pressure monitoring by initially cannulating the carotid artery.
Osteopetrosis—Anesthetic Considerations for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Soberón José R. , Arzillo Samantha , Myers Scott L. , King Joseph J.
Published: July 2018

Autosomal dominant or benign osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder of osteoclasts that results in dense but brittle bone structures. Patients with osteopetrosis may be scheduled for total knee arthroplasty to treat painful and functionally limiting osteoarthrosis. A search of the published literature produced no citation concerning anesthesia for patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis undergoing total knee arthroplasty. We present a case report detailing our experience and discuss considerations for the care of future patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis.
Translation elongation and mRNA stability are coupled through the ribosomal A-site
Authors: Hanson Gavin , Alhusaini Najwa , Morris Nathan , Sweet Thomas , Coller Jeff
Published: July 2018

Messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation plays a critical role in regulating transcript levels in eukaryotic cells. Previous work by us and others has shown that codon identity exerts a powerful influence on mRNA stability. InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, studies using a handful of reporter mRNAs show that optimal codons increase translation elongation rate, which in turn increases mRNA stability. However, a direct relationship between elongation rate and mRNA stability has not been established across the entire yeast transcriptome. In addition, there is evidence from work in higher eukaryotes that amino acid identity influences mRNA stability, raising the question as to whether the impact of translation elongation on mRNA decay is at the level of tRNA decoding, amino acid incorporation, or some combination of each. To address these questions, we performed ribosome profiling of wild-type yeast. In good agreement with other studies, our data showed faster codon-specific elongation over optimal codons and faster transcript-level elongation correlating with transcript optimality. At both the codon-level and transcript-level, faster elongation correlated with increased mRNA stability. These findings were reinforced by showing increased translation efficiency and kinetics for a panel of 11HIS3reporter mRNAs of increasing codon optimality. While we did observe that elongation measured by ribosome profiling is composed of both amino acid identity and synonymous codon effects, further analyses of these data establish that A-site tRNA decoding rather than other steps of translation elongation is driving mRNA decay in yeast.
Experiencing compassionate care in practice: a travel scholarship
Authors: Bunce Alison
Published: July 2018

Alison Bunce, Director of Care at Ardgowan Hospice, Greenock, and Programme Lead for Compassionate Inverclyde ( Alison.bunce@ardhosp.co.uk ), describes her Florence Nightingale Foundation Travel Scholarship
The NHS and the law
Authors: Tingle John
Published: July 2018

John Tingle, Associate Professor (Teaching and Scholarship), Nottingham Trent University, discusses clinical negligence trends in the NHS, from its early years to the current key concerns
The changing face of nursing: from the pioneers to the future of leadership
Authors: Price-Dowd Clare
Published: July 2018

As we celebrate the 70th birthday of the NHS, Clare Price-Dowd reflects on the pioneers of nursing and how leadership in the NHS, and in nursing, has changed over time, and shares some thoughts about the future
Help in times of trouble: supporting nurses facing hardship
Authors: Steiner Paul
Published: July 2018

Paul Steiner, Communications Manager, Cavell Nurses' Trust ( PaulS@cavellnursestrust.org ), reflects on the vital work of the charity, which provides support to nurses facing financial difficulties
Responsibility, research and reasoning: nursing through 70 years of the NHS
Authors: Thomas B Gail , Rosser Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

B Gail Thomas, Emeritus Professor, and Elizabeth Rosser, Professor and Acting Executive Dean, of Bournemouth University, chart the evolution of nurses into modern autonomous professionals. erosser@bournemouth.ac.uk
Proximal hamstring tendinopathy: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Pietrzak Jurek RT , Kayani Babar , Tahmassebi Jenni , Haddad Fares S
Published: July 2018

Proximal hamstring tendinopathy is a chronic degenerative disease associated with progressive morbidity and functional decline. There is a growing incidence of the disease process but diagnosis is commonly delayed as patients present with vague and indolent symptoms, often without a specific precipitating injury. Treatment is also challenging as the existing literature varies in the nomenclature used for proximal hamstring tendinopathy and clinical trials use different management protocols with variable follow-up times. This review explores the existing literature on proximal hamstring tendinopathy and discusses the relevant anatomy, pathology, medical history, differential diagnosis, clinical assessment, diagnostic imaging and treatment of patients with proximal hamstring tendinopathy. This structured approach to proximal hamstring tendinopathy will enable clinicians to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease process, improve referrals to diagnostic imaging, and follow a stepwise approach to medical treatment and surgical referral.
Inclusive and person-centred leadership: creating a culture that involves everyone
Authors: Amin Maslah , Till Alex , McKimm Judy
Published: July 2018

Contemporary leadership theory is based on the dynamic processes that occur between leaders and followers. One such theory is inclusive leadership, which is a person-centred approach that focuses on the empowerment and development of followers. It has roots in other leadership theories such as transformational leadership, but there are distinguishing features. This review discusses these features and presents a case study. Inclusive leadership is also viewed in the context of diversity, organizational culture and innovation. This is then further explored in regards to the diverse workforce of the NHS, with particular focus on the black and minority ethnic groups.
Keyless Smart Home: An application of Home Security and Automation
Authors: Dewani Amirita , Memon Pirah , Kumari Veena , Arain Anum , Jiskani Ayaz , Bhatti Sania
Published: July 2018

The rapid and revolutionary advancement in technology has increased the demand for advanced ubiquitous mobile applications in our daily lives. Home automation system uses collective smart technology to elevate sphere of security and human living standards. Wireless Smart home systems have been prototyped by researchers to realize different applications in vast contexts. In this paper we propose a keyless smart home security system which uses Bluetooth as a communication protocol to automate door locks based on a security code and predefined user credentials. The system combines Android phone as a signal sender to dispatch the input signal from an end users side, Bluetooth communication module as signal receiver, ARDUINO microcontroller as CPU and servo motor and light emitting diodes as an output. The system integrates two modules: one of which is Arduino microcontroller which is responsible for authentication and verification of security code and allows servo motor to process the output according to the received input. The second is android Application which provides an interface to the user to set credentials and security code which is then transmitted to the Arduino microcontroller via Bluetooth technology. Since Arduino and Android are open source, hence implementation rate of the proposed system is inexpensive and feasible.
Evaluating Performance of Hibernate ORM Based Applications Using HQL Query Optimization
Authors: Saddar Salahuddin , Baloch Junaid , Sami Memoona , Pirzada Nasrullah , Khalique Vijdan , Aftab Memon Arsalan
Published: July 2018

With the continuous advancement in technology, web technologies have reached to a new height. Enterprise applications are meant to be the basic need of today’s world which aims to produce results that are highly reliable, portable and adaptable. With these enormous features, they needed the storage mechanism which could handle and store the data effectively. The storage system thus required was a database management system but again technical knowledge was required to make things work appropriately. However, this approach was the traditional one which requires data to be stored in tabular format whereas Object oriented architecture has taken the programming language to a whole new technical phase for which the traditional RDBMS will not efficiently accomplish the expected job. To fulfill this gap in the literature, Object Relational Mapping is emerged as a solution to provide which provide comparative technical features effortlessly. These characteristics simplify and make the mapping of objects in object-oriented programming languages more flexible, efficient and easy to use.Therefore, we propose in this paper that Object relational Modeling (ORM) relates each object of object oriented languages to corresponding rows in the table.
The interface between periacetabular osteotomy, hip arthroscopy and total hip arthroplasty in the young adult hip
Authors: Jakobsen Stig Storgaard , Overgaard Søren , Søballe Kjeld , Ovesen Ole , Mygind-Klavsen Bjarne , Dippmann Christian Andreas , Jensen Michael Ulrich , Stürup Jens , Retpen Jens
Published: July 2018

Hip pain is highly prevalent in both the younger and the elderly population. In older patients, pain arising from osteoarthritis (OA) is most frequent, whereas in younger patients, non-degenerative diseases are more often the cause of pain. The pain may be caused by hip dysplasia and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Abnormal mechanics of the hip are hypothesized by some authors to cause up to 80% of OA in the hip. Therefore, correction of these abnormalities is of obvious importance when treating young patients with hip pain. Hip dysplasia can be diagnosed by measuring a CE angle < 25° on a plain standing radiograph of the pelvis. Dysplastic or retroverted acetabulum with significant symptoms should receive a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). FAI with significant symptoms should be treated by adequate resection and, if necessary, labrum surgery. If risk factors for poor outcome of joint-preserving surgery are present (age > 45 to 50 years, presence of OA, joint space < 3 mm or reduced range of motion), the patient should be offered a total hip arthroplasty (THA) instead of PAO. THA can be performed following PAO with outcomes similar to a primary THA. Hip arthroscopy is indicated in FAI (cam and pincer) and/or for labral tears.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:408-417. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170042
Microdosing technology of fertilizer for sorghum production at Shambat, Sudan
Authors: ARBAB MONIRAH BABIKER MOHAMED , DAGASH YASSIN MOHMAD IBRAHIM
Published: July 2018

Arbab MBM, Dagash YMI. 2017. Microdosing technology of fertilizer for sorghum production at Shambat, Sudan. Cell Biol Dev 1: 18-22. The study was conducted at the experimental farm of Sudan University of Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Studies; Khartoum North-Shambat, to investigate the agronomic response and efficiency of fertilizer microdosing in Sorghum. An experiment with the following treatments was achieved: control without fertilizer, microdosing treatments with the rates of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g NPK per plant hole at sowing. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. The experiment was conducted during the growing season of 2015. Weeding was carried once after three weeks from seed germination and irrigated weekly. The following parameters were considered during experimentation; the number of leaves, plant height, node length and stem thickness, while the shoot fresh and dry weights were recorded at termination. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were separated by Duncanâ€™s multiple rang test. The results obtained showed the progressive improvement of all Sorghum tested characters. There were highly significant differences in plant height, stem thickness, shoot fresh and dry weight. The number of leaves and the node length showed significant differences. The four gram microdose gave the best results.
Motivations and Experiences of People Seeking Medication Abortion Online in the United States
Authors: Aiken Abigail R.A. , Broussard Kathleen , Johnson Dana M. , Padron Elisa
Published: July 2018

CONTEXT

State legislation restricting access to abortion in the clinic setting raises the possibility that an increasing number of individuals in the United States will self‐manage their abortion at home. Medications sourced online represent a potential pathway to abortion self‐management. Yet, very little is known about the reasons U.S. residents may seek abortion online or their experiences finding medications and information.

METHODS

In January–June 2017, anonymous in‐depth interviews were conducted with 32 people from 20 states who sought abortion medications online (30 women and two men seeking medications for their partners). Participants were asked about their (or their partners’) motivations for considering self‐managed abortion, the sources of medications they identified and any other methods they considered. Transcripts were coded and analyzed according to the principles of grounded theory.

RESULTS

The analysis revealed four key themes: Seeking abortion medications online can be a response to clinic access barriers both in states with and in ones without restrictive abortion laws; self‐managed abortion can be a preference over clinical care; online options offer either information or medications, but not both; and the lack of trusted online options can delay care and lead to consideration of ineffective or unsafe alternatives.

CONCLUSION

Current online options for abortion medications leave many important needs unmet, particularly for women who encounter barriers to obtaining clinic‐based abortion services. There is a public health justification to reduce clinic access barriers and to make medication abortion that is sourced online and managed at home as safe and supported as possible.
Sintesis dan Uji Mekanik Epoksi Termodifikasi Poliuretan Berbasis Ester Gliserol Monooleat
Authors: Ghozali M , Fauzi L R , Triwulandari E
Published: July 2018

Modifikasi epoksi telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi kelemahan epoksiterutama dalam hal kekuatan tarik. Epoksi termodifikasi poliuretan (ETP)merupakan salah satu cara yang telah dilakukan. Pada penelitian inimodifikasi epoksi menggunakan poliuretan dilakukan dengan caramenambahkan senyawa ester gliserol monooleat sebagai poliol. Sintesis estergliserol monooleat (GMO) dilakukan melalui reaksi esterifikasi gliseroldengan asam oleat dengan katalis asam sulfat dengan rendemen 80%.Sintesis Epoksi Termodifikasi Poliuretan Berbasis Ester Gliserol Monooleat(ETPGMO) dilakukan dengan cara mereaksikan, epoksi, tolonat dan GMOpada suhu 50°C selama 30 menit, menghasilkan rendemen 80%.Karakterisasi gugus fungsi dan struktur GMO dan ETPGMO dilakukandengan FTIR dan NMR. Pembuatan film ETPGMO dilakukan denganmenambahkan hardener. Hasil analisa sifat mekanik menunjukkan bahwakekuatan tarik ETPGMO lebih tinggi dua kali lipat dibandingkan epoksi yangdisebabkan hadirnya poliuretan.
Karakteristik Probiotik Minuman Fermentasi Laktat Sari Buah Nanas dengan Variasi Jenis Bakteri Asam Laktat
Authors: Rizal Samsul , Erna Maria , Nurainy Fibra , Tambunan Artha Regina
Published: July 2018

Pangan fungsional adalah pangan yang dikonsumsi sebagai diet biasa,memiliki efek fisiologis, dan dapat mengurangi efek dari penyakit kronis.Salah satunya adalah minuman probiotik. Minuman probiotik yang telahdikenal secara luas selama ini diproduksi dengan menggunakan susu sapisehingga relatif mahal harganya. Penggunaan bahan baku alternatif sepertisari buah nanas diperlukan untuk menghasilkan produk minuman probiotikyang lebih terjangkau namun memiliki kualitas yang baik. Tujuan daripenelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis Bakteri Asam Laktat(BAL) terhadap karakteristik minuman probiotik sari buah nanas, danmendapatkan jenis BAL terbaik yang menghasilkan karakteristik probiotikterbaik dari minuman fermentasi laktat sari buah nanas. Penelitian inimenggunakan metode eksploratif dalam perlakuan tunggal jenis BAL:Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, danStreptococcus thermophilus sebagai inokulum uji. Data yang diperolehdianalisis dengan menggunakan Beda Nyata Terkecil pada 1% dan 5%.Perlakuan yang diamati adalah nilai pH, asam laktat total, jumlah BAL,ketahanan terhadap pH asam (2,5), dan uji aktivitas antagonis terhadapbakteri patogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strain terbaik yangmenghasilkan minuman probiotik yang memenuhi syarat sebagai kriteriaprobiotik adalah Lactobacillus casei. Minuman probiotik yang dihasilkanoleh Lactobacillus casei memiliki nilai pH 3,54; total asam laktat 3,45; danjumlah BAL 1,1x1010 cfu/mL, selisih antara log jumlah koloni pada pH asamdan kontrol adalah 5,67 cfu/mL; dan aktivitas antagonis terhadap bakteripatogen Bacillus cereus adalah 13,97 mm2 (tertinggi).
The Influence of Poly(Lactic Acid) Addition to Thermal Properties of the Blended Polypropylene for Food Packaging Materials
Authors: Setiawan Achmad Hanafi , Sanjaya Sanjaya , Aulia Fauzan
Published: July 2018

The commonly used food packaging materials are made from synthetic polymers derived from petroleum. However, the use of synthetic polymers has negative impacts on the environment, because it is difficult to degrade naturally either by the biotic or abiotic process. Although their complete replacement with eco-friendly packaging films is just impossible to achieve economically, at least for a specific application like food packaging the use of bioplastics should be the future. One of the alternatives is to blend synthetic polymer for instance polypropylene (PP) with a natural polymer like poly-lactic acid (PLA). Because their mixture is an immiscible blend because they have highly different polarity, it is necessary to add a compatibilizer such as polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) in order to increase the properties of its blend miscibility. The objective of this research was to study the influence of PLA addition to the thermal properties of their blend product with PP. The combinations of PP with PLA in the ratios of (80:20); (90:10); (95:5) were prepared and then characterized for their thermal property behaviour by means of TG and DSC. The results showed that increasing the amount of PLA will decrease their enthalpy significantly