bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression among pet owners and non-pet owners: a comparative cross-sectional study in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Chakma Samar Kishor , Islam Taswib Tajwar , Shahjalal Md. , Mitra Dipak Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background: Depression is a major contributor to overall global disease burden, often beginning in the teenage years and continuing into later life. Previous studies have reported high global rates of depression during these formative years, including in Bangladesh. At the same time, the positive impact that pet ownership can have on depression is steeply  being recognized. However, studies examining these effects in Bangladesh are scarce. This study examined the association between household pet ownership and depression among people older than 13 years in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using online and offline approaches. We employed a snowball sampling technique to identify pet owners aged greater than 13 years residing in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Both web-based survey questionnaires using social media and hard copies were used to collect data from urban-dwelling pet owners. Logistic regression model was used to identify the independent role of pet ownership in depression, adjusting for confounders, including age, sex, marital status, known chronic disabilities, and other variables.

Results: A total of 140 pet owners and an equal number of non-pet owners participated in the study. Pet owners were found to be 41% less depressed than non-pet owners (AOR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.31–1.14). In addition, males (AOR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.50–7.62) who were either unmarried (AOR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.05–4.16), smoked tobacco (AOR: 5.27; 95% CI: 1.50–18.53), or had a physical disability (AOR: 5.27; 95% CI: 1.50–18.53) were significantly more likely to be depressed.

Conclusion: Regression analysis revealed that in Dhaka, pet owners were associated with lower levels of depression compared to non-pet owners.
Cerebral fat embolism syndrome: diagnostic challenges and catastrophic outcomes: a case series
Authors: Algahtani Hussein A. , Shirah Bader H. , Abdelghaffar Nawal , Alahmari Fawziah , Alhadi Wajd , Alqahtani Saeed A.
Published: September 2022

Fat embolism syndrome is a rare but alarming, life-threatening clinical condition attributed to fat emboli entering the circulation. It usually occurs as a complication of long-bone fractures and joint reconstruction surgery. Neurological manifestations usually occur 12 to 72 hours after the initial insult. These neurological complications include cerebral infarction, spinal cord ischemia, hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, and coma. Other features include an acute confusional state, autonomic dysfunction, and retinal ischemia. In this case series, we describe three patients with fat embolism syndrome who presented with atypical symptoms and signs and with unusual neuroimaging findings. Cerebral fat embolism may occur without any respiratory or dermatological signs. In these cases, diagnosis is established after excluding other differential diagnoses. Neuroimaging using brain magnetic resonance imaging is of paramount importance in establishing a diagnosis. Aggressive hemodynamic and respiratory support from the beginning and consideration of orthopedic surgical intervention within the first 24 hours after trauma are critical to decreased morbidity and mortality.
Fair and Consistent Prize Allocation in Competitions
Authors: Dietzenbacher Bas J. , Kondratev Aleksei Y.
Published: September 2022

Given the ranking of competitors, how should the prize endowment be allocated? This paper introduces and axiomatically studies the prize allocation problem. We focus on consistent prize allocation rules satisfying elementary solidarity and fairness principles. In particular, we derive several families of rules satisfying anonymity, order preservation, and endowment monotonicity, which all fall between the equal division rule and the winner-takes-all rule. Our results may help organizers to select the most suitable prize allocation rule for rank-order competitions.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: A. Y. Kondratev is supported by HSE University [Basic Research Program and “Priority 2030” Program].
The Way People Lie in Markets: Detectable vs. Deniable Lies
Authors: Tergiman Chloe , Villeval Marie Claire
Published: September 2022

In a finitely repeated game with asymmetric information, we experimentally study how individuals adapt the nature of their lies when settings allow for reputation building. Although some lies can be detected ex post by the uninformed party, others remain deniable. We find that traditional market mechanisms, such as reputation, generate strong changes in the way people lie and lead to strategies in which individuals can maintain plausible deniability; people simply hide their lies better by substituting deniable lies for detectable lies. Our results highlight the limitations of reputation to root out fraud when a deniable lie strategy is available.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: Financial support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-14-CE28-0010-01] and from IDEXLYON at Universite de Lyon (project INDEPTH) within the Programme Investissements d’Avenir of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-16-IDEX-0005] is acknowledged. This research also benefited from the support of the Laboratory of Excellence CORTEX of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-11-LABX-0042] of Universite de Lyon within the program Investissements Avenir operated by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-11-IDEX-007].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4526 .
When the dressing does not fit: choosing the right dressing for the right patient
Authors: Payne Drew
Published: September 2022

There is a lot of literature about selecting a primary dressing for a wound. However, not much is made available on the selection of a secondary dressing, which is just as important, as it allows the primary dressing to remain in place. This article looks at selecting a secondary dressing that is appropriate for a patient, considering the patient's mobility or immobility, where the wound is located, how exudate can cause dressings to become detached, controlling a wound's odour, selecting a secondary dressing that will not damage a patient's skin and how nurses can keep themselves up-to-date with dressings.
Should remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia be a routine choice for pain relief in labour?
Authors: Bykar Hannah , Mandour Yasser , Bampoe Sam
Published: September 2022

Patient-controlled analgesia with remifentanil is usually reserved for patients for whom other forms of pain relief are contraindicated. However, remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia reduces the likelihood of needing an epidural and therefore the risk associated with it, provides good pain relief compared to other options, and the risks can be mitigated with appropriate management.
Study the Stable Diatomite-supported Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Authors:   Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand, Kingkam Wilasinee , Nilgumhang Kewalee ,   Nuclear Fusion and Plasma Section (NFPS), Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand, Nuchdang Sasikarn ,   Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand, Duangdee Bheechanat ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand, Puripunyavanich Vichai ,   Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand, Rattanaphra Dussadee ,   Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
Published: September 2022

The stable of natural diatomite supported by potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalysts were synthesized for biodiesel production. A heterogeneous base catalyst prepared by impregnating KOH onto diatomite was also used to synthesize biodiesel from palm oil. All samples have been thoroughly characterized by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and Temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD). The XRD, XRF, and SEM results confi rm that adding KOH to diatomite results in structural change. The SiO2 and K2O phases form in the diatomite structural matrix during impregnation and the total basicity amount of this compound promotes the transesterifi cation process. A maximum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of 84.56% was obtained. The reaction conditions were as follows: molar ratio of oil to methanol 1:9, catalyst loading 5 wt%, reaction time 2 h, and reaction temperature 75 °C. This work provides a possible new method for converting KOH from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous catalyst (Diatomite/KOH) that may show stable reusability, avoiding the separation and pollution problems in the environment.
Investigation of Welding Process Parameters In Friction Stir Welding of AA1100 Alloy Using Taguchi Technique
Authors:   Department of Automobile Engineering, RVS Technical campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Sivasubramaniam Sridhar , Ramanathan Thirumalai ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Shanmugham Nandhakumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr.N.G.P Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641048, India, Sekar [ Karthick ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, AVS College of Technology, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636106, India
Published: September 2022

Friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium alloy AA1100 is investigated in this work. The process parameters considered in the work includes; tool tilt angle, tool pin geometry, tool rotational speed and welding speed. The tensile strength, welding temperature and hardness are considered as the responses and selection of optimum welding process parameters for maximizing tensile strength, hardness and minimization of the welding temperature are demonstrated using Taguchi technique and Response surface methodology. Four levels for the welding process parameters are selected and Taguchi L16 orthogonal array is used to perform 16 experiments as designed by the design of experiments software. Aluminium alloys of AA1100 of thickness 2mm are chosen for this experimental work. The specially designed tool which is made up of high tool steel material is used in this Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process. Tool pins of various shapes are considered in this study. ANOVA analysis is carried out for every response and the S/N ratio for the strength, hardness and welding temperature are determined and the main effects plots for signal to noise ratio are plotted and discussed. The microstructure of the grain size infl uences the tensile strength of the weld joint. It is observed that the tool tilt angle provides very less infl uence in the determination of the tensile strength during FSW of AA1100 aluminium alloy. It is observed that by increasing the tool tilt angle, tool penetration into the specimen will increase and as a result it leads to an increase in the welding temperature.
Sorption Studies of Cesium on Kunipia-F Bentonite and Silicon Dioxide
Authors:   Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, O-Manee Anan , Enokida Youichi ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Sawada Kayo ,   EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University
Published: September 2022

Adsorption is one of the effective methods used for the removal of contaminants from radioactive wastewater. In this research, removal efficiency of Cs from the prepared low-concentration Cs solution (100 μg/L) was studied using two different adsorbents namely high purity Kunipia-F bentonite and Silicon dioxide (SiO2). After performing the adsorption tests, the Cs ions in liquid and solid phases were analyzed using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. The adsorption capacities of both materials were then compared. It was found that the Cs adsorption capacity of bentonite was higher than that of SiO2. The distribution coefficient of Cs in the bentonite was 1.0 L-sol/g-solid, which was 100 times greater than that of SiO2. The highest sorption of Cs on bentonite could be attributed to its smaller particle size (0.362 μm), compared to the SiO2 particle size (0.625 μm). Bentonite is natural clay and is generally used as a buffer material in geological disposal systems for high-level nuclear waste. The results of this research indicate that bentonite could be an effective absorbent for decontaminating low concentration Cs in radioactive wastewater.
Theory and Applications of AHP/ANP at MCDM 2022
Authors: Karpak Birsen
Published: September 2022

We had a wonderful welcome from the conference organizers Alessio Ishizaka (Chair), Banu Lokman (Co-chair), Dylan Jones (Program Chair), Ashraf Labib, Salvatore Greco, Negar Akbari, Maria Barbati and Salem Chakhar of the 26th International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM2022) which was held at the University of Portsmouth, UK from June 26 - July 1, 2022. The purpose of the MCDM conference is to bring together the MCDM community every two years. This year however, there had been a gap of three years since our last meeting because of Covid. Conference organizers did not want us to miss the opportunity to experience face-to-face interaction with students and colleagues in Portsmouth, UK, so they rescheduled MCDM 2021 to 2022. I am sure most of the participants benefited from the discussions after the talks, and enjoyed the social program that brings our community closer together and inspires future collaboration.
Examining Differences in Community Participation in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Brown Sierra L. , Pearl Amanda M. , Brusilovskiy Eugene , Murray Michael J. , Townley Greg , Edwards Erin , Salzer Mark S.
Published: September 2022

Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate low levels of community participation, though no studies have examined the perceived value and satisfaction when assessing community participation among young adults with ASD. Using the Temple University Community Participation measure, young adults with and without ASD were compared on the frequency, perceived importance, and satisfaction of community participation. Adults with ASD participated less frequently in participation areas and identified fewer important participation areas. Importantly, no differences were reported in satisfaction with participation between the two groups despite adults with ASD participating less frequently in the community. Results suggest a need for further exploration of predictors of poor community participation in adults with ASD, as well as effective interventions targeting community participation in this population.
Employers' Perspectives on Individuals With IDD in Community Integrated Employment Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Athamanah Lindsay S. , White Keeley , Sung Connie , Fisher Marisa H. , Leader Geraldine
Published: September 2022

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience high rates of unemployment and underemployment. Although research often focuses on job training and preparing people with IDD for work, few address the perspectives of the employers toward the employment of people with IDD. In this scoping review, research on the perspectives of employers of individuals with IDD working in community integrated employment settings were identified and evaluated. Findings revealed varying research trends by country and journal type since the 1960s, such as the finding that <50% of employers have prior experience working/hiring individuals with IDD and that studies have been conducted globally using primarily a quantitative/descriptive methodology and informal nonvalidated survey tools. Limitations and implications for future research are provided.
Numerical simulation model of an optical filter using an optical vortex
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Li Xiang , Yin Zhenping , Yi Yang , Wang Longlong , Wang Anzhou , Mao Song , Wang Xuan
Published: September 2022

Vortex beam has the potential to significantly improve the performance of lidar (light detection and ranging) and optical communication applications in which low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) limits the detection/transmission range. The vortex beam method allows for spatially separating the coherent light (laser signal) from the incoherent light (the background radiation and multiple-scattered light) of the received signal. This paper presents results of a simulation model in which the optical vortex acts as an optical filter. We present instrument parameters that describe the filtering effect, e.g., the form of the vortex phase modulation function, the topological charge of the vortex and the focal length of a virtual Fresnel lens that is used for optical filtering. Preliminary experimental results show that the background radiation within the spectral filter bandwidth can be suppressed by as much as 95%. At the same time, we retain 97% of the coherent laser signal. Our simulation model will be used in future design of lidar instruments and optical communication systems in which the optical vortex method is used for optical filtering of the detected signals.
Characteristics of femtosecond laser-induced shockwaves in air
Authors: Koritsoglou Olga , Loison Didier , Uteza Olivier , Mouskeftaras Alexandros
Published: September 2022

Dynamic characteristics of femtosecond laser-generated shockwaves are investigated in ambient air. The experiments are performed using a 360-fs pulsed laser at a wavelength of 1.03 µm, with laser intensities up to 5 × 1014 W/cm2 (corresponding to about five times the air breakdown intensity threshold). Plasma and shockwave generation and propagation are visualized using a time-resolved transmission microscope. The maximum propagation velocity is in the order of Mach 30. By implementing a simple theoretical model, we find an initial pressure loading in the GPa range and shockwave pressure dropping down to MPa following propagation over few micrometers away from focus.
High modulation efficiency and large bandwidth thin-film lithium niobate modulator for visible light
Authors: Li Chijun , Chen Bin , Ruan Ziliang , Wu Haoyuan , Zhou Yujun , Liu Jie , Chen Pengxin , Chen Kaixuan , Guo Changjian , Liu Liu
Published: September 2022

We experimentally demonstrate an integrated visible light modulator at 532 nm on the thin-film lithium niobate platform. The waveguides on such platform feature a propagation loss of 2.2 dB/mm while a grating for fiber interface has a coupling loss of 5 dB. Our fabricated modulator demonstrates a low voltage-length product of 1.1 V·cm and a large electro-optic bandwidth with a roll-off of -1.59 dB at 25 GHz for a length of 3.3 mm. This device offers a compact and large bandwidth solution to the challenge of integrated visible wavelength modulation in lithium niobate and paves the way for future small-form-factor integrated systems at visible wavelengths.
RETRACTED: Improved photoacoustic images via wavefront shaping modulation based on the scattering structure
Authors: Tong Guodong , Luzgin Artur , Xia Jun , Xu Liyan , Zhang Hao , Dong Chengkun , Wu Zhihai , Wu Jun , Zhang Yichen , Qin Peiwu
Published: September 2022

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) has become the dominant technical solution for photoacoustic imaging (PAI). However, the laser source of fiber output in the current MSOT method is typically a TEM00 Gaussian beam, which is prone to artifacts and incomplete due to the uneven distribution of the irradiated light intensity. Here, we propose a novel method to improve the quality of photoacoustic image reconstruction by modulating the wavefront shaping of the incident laser beam based on the designed scattering structure. In the experiment, we add the designed scattering structure to the current hemispherical photoacoustic transducer array device. Through experiments and simulations, we investigate and compare the effects of different scattering structures on laser intensity modulation. The results show that an ED1-C20 diffusion structure with a scattering angle of 20 degrees has the most effective modulation of the beam intensity distribution. And we choose gold nanoparticles of 50-100 nanometers (nm) diameters and index finger capillary vessels respectively as the medium of PAI. We obtain the highest ratio of PAI area increases of gold nanoparticles and index finger to devices compare without scattering structure is 29.69% and 634.94%, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is significantly higher quality than traditional methods, which has great potential for theoretical application in medical PAI.
Widely tunable O-band lithium niobite/III-V transmitter
Authors: Han Ya , Zhang Xian , Ma Rui , Xu Mengyue , Tan Heyun , Liu Jie , Wang Ruijun , Yu Siyuan , Cai Xinlun
Published: September 2022

The ever-increasing traffic has been driving the demand for compact, high-speed, and low-power-consumption optical transmitters. Thin-film lithium niobite (TFLN) platforms have emerged as promising photonic integrated solutions for next-generation optical transmitters. In this study, we demonstrated the first widely tunable optical transmitter based on a butt-coupling a TFLN modulator with an electrically pumped tunable laser. The tunable laser exhibited a side-mode suppression ratio of > 60 dB, linewidth of 475 kHz, and wavelength-tuning range of over 40 nm. The TFLN modulator presented a voltage-length product of 2.9 V·cm and an electro-optic response of 1.5 dB roll-off at 50 GHz. The optical transmitter support data rate was as high as 160 Gb/s.
Nearshore bathymetry and seafloor property studies from Space lidars: CALIPSO and ICESat-2
Authors: Lu Xiaomei , Hu Yongxiang , Omar Ali , Yang Yuekui , Vaughan Mark , Rodier Sharon , Garnier Anne , Ryan Robert , Getzewich Brian , Trepte Charles
Published: September 2022

In shallow nearshore waters, seafloor heights and properties can be accurately measured by the current generation of space-based elastic backscatter lidars: CALIOP, flying aboard the CALIPSO satellite and ATLAS aboard ICESat-2. CALIOP’s 532 nm volume depolarization ratios, together with the ratios of the attenuated backscatter coefficients measured at 532 nm and 1064 nm, can efficiently distinguish optically shallow waters from nearby land surfaces and deep oceans. ATLAS’s high vertical resolution photon measurements can accurately determine seafloor depths in shallow water bodies, characterize seafloor reflectance, and provide assessments of ocean biomass concentrations in the intervening water column. By adding bathymetry, seafloor optical properties (e.g., reflectance, depolarization ratio and attenuated backscatter), and nighttime observations, space lidar measurements obtained in nearshore waters can provide a wealth of unique information to complement existing satellite-based ocean color remote sensing capabilities. The results reported here demonstrate the feasibility of using satellite lidars for nearshore seafloor ecosystem analyses, which in turn provide critical insights for studies of coastal navigation and seabed topography changes due to disasters, as well as the temporal and spatial morphological evolution of coastal systems.
Spectro-temporal evolution of mode-locked lasing in fiber frequency-shifted feedback laser
Authors: Gao Zeyang , Mei Ting
Published: September 2022

As a type of mode-locked fiber laser, fiber frequency-shifted feedback lasers (FSFLs) have been rarely studied regarding the buildup process of mode locking. We carried out an experimental investigation to show the unique characteristics of the process, such as the direct evolution of the Q switched mode-locked state to the mode-locked state, the unique phenomenon of spectral center frequency oscillation, evolution to a double-pulse state in harmonic mode locking, millisecond stabilization time, and exponentially decreasing change of relative phase per round trip. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the double-beam heterodyne method is applied to measure the evolution of laser spectra with pulse width in the nanosecond range. Understanding the unique buildup mechanism may aid in the engineering and application of FSFLs.
Thin active region HgCdTe-based quantum cascade laser with quasi-relativistic dispersion law
Authors: Dubinov A. A. , Ushakov D. V. , Afonenko A. A. , Khabibullin R. A. , Fadeev M. A. , Morozov S. V.
Published: September 2022

HgCdTe is promising as a material to solve a problem of the development of semiconductor sources with an operational frequency range of 6–10 THz due to the small optical phonon energies and electron effective mass. In this study, we calculate the dependence of the metal–metal waveguide characteristics on the number of cascades for the 3-well design HgCdTe-based quantum cascade laser at 8.3 THz. It is shown that four cascades are sufficient for lasing at a lattice temperature of 80 K due to the large gain in the active medium. The results of this study provide a way to simplify the fabrication of thin active region HgCdTe-based quantum cascade lasers for operation in the range of the GaAs phonon Reststrahlen band inaccessible to existing quantum cascade lasers.
Flexible GaN-based microscale light-emitting diodes with a batch transfer by wet etching
Authors: Wang Jiangwen , Hua Qilin , Sha Wei , Chen Jiwei , Dai Xinhuan , Niu Jianan , Xiao Junfeng , Hu Weiguo
Published: September 2022

Flexible inorganic GaN-based microscale light-emitting diodes (µLEDs)
show potential applications in wearable electronics, biomedical
engineering, and human-machine interfaces. However, developing
cost-effective products remains a challenge for flexible GaN-based
µLEDs. Here, a facile and stable method is proposed to fabricate
flexible GaN-based µLEDs from silicon substrates in an array-scale
manner by wet etching. Circular and square µLED arrays with a size and
pitch of 500 µm were fabricated and then transferred to a flexible
acrylic/copper substrate. The as-fabricated flexible µLEDs can
maintain their structure intact while exhibiting a significant
increase in external quantum efficiency. This Letter promotes the
application of simple and low-cost flexible µLED devices, especially
for virtual displays, wearables, and curvilinear displays.
Beam recirculation and mode-order conversion via compact Mach–Zehnder–Fano interferometers
Authors: Giden Ibrahim Halil
Published: September 2022

In this Letter, photonic crystal (PC) waveguide-based interferometer design is studied; spectral as well as temporal analyses have been conducted. Intentional structural modifications inside the interferometer trigger Fano resonances, allowing for extraordinary optical effects, such as enhanced beam recirculation and mode-order conversion. The proposed Mach–Zehnder–Fano interferometer is compatible with conventional silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology and consists of two arms: the lower arm, with no point defects, creates continuum states, whereas the upper arm, including a Fano defect, creates discrete states. The PC waveguide channel with intentional point defects, which possess effective discreteness, creates the required phase retardation of the propagating beam, enabling Fano resonance excitations. Such a type of PC waveguide-based interferometer allows for the realization of compact mode-order converters with a broad 3 dB-bandwidth of 65 nm (at the wavelength range of λ = 1517 − 1582 nm) and efficient optical switching as well as sensing capabilities, operating at optical telecommunication bands, favoring inherent beam recirculation characteristics.
Identifying enhancer properties associated with genetic risk for complex traits using regulome-wide association studies
Authors: Casella Alex M. , Colantuoni Carlo , Ament Seth A.
Published: September 2022

Genetic risk for complex traits is strongly enriched in non-coding genomic regions involved in gene regulation, especially enhancers. However, we lack adequate tools to connect the characteristics of these disruptions to genetic risk. Here, we propose RWAS (Regulome Wide Association Study), a new application of the MAGMA software package to identify the characteristics of enhancers that contribute to genetic risk for disease. RWAS involves three steps: (i) assign genotyped SNPs to cell type- or tissue-specific regulatory features (e.g., enhancers); (ii) test associations of each regulatory feature with a trait of interest for which genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics are available; (iii) perform enhancer-set enrichment analyses to identify quantitative or categorical features of regulatory elements that are associated with the trait. These steps are implemented as a novel application of MAGMA, a tool originally developed for gene-based GWAS analyses. Applying RWAS to interrogate genetic risk for schizophrenia, we discovered a class of risk-associated AT-rich enhancers that are active in the developing brain and harbor binding sites for multiple transcription factors with neurodevelopmental functions. RWAS utilizes open-source software, and we provide a comprehensive collection of annotations for tissue-specific enhancer locations and features, including their evolutionary conservation, AT content, and co-localization with binding sites for hundreds of TFs. RWAS will enable researchers to characterize properties of regulatory elements associated with any trait of interest for which GWAS summary statistics are available.
Resurgence of malaria in Uganda despite sustained indoor residual spraying and repeated long lasting insecticidal net distributions
Authors: Epstein Adrienne , Maiteki-Sebuguzi Catherine , Namuganga Jane F. , Nankabirwa Joaniter I. , Gonahasa Samuel , Opigo Jimmy , Staedke Sarah G. , Rutazaana Damian , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , Kamya Moses R. , Bhatt Samir , Rodríguez-Barraquer Isabel , Greenhouse Bryan , Donnelly Martin J. , Dorsey Grant
Published: September 2022

Five years of sustained indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticide from 2014 to 2019, first using a carbamate followed by an organophosphate, was associated with a marked reduction in the incidence of malaria in five districts of Uganda. We assessed changes in malaria incidence over an additional 21 months, corresponding to a change in IRS formulations using clothianidin with and without deltamethrin. Using enhanced health facility surveillance data, our objectives were to 1) estimate the impact of IRS on monthly malaria case counts at five surveillance sites over a 6.75 year period, and 2) compare monthly case counts at five facilities receiving IRS to ten facilities in neighboring districts not receiving IRS. For both objectives, we specified mixed effects negative binomial regression models with random intercepts for surveillance site adjusting for rainfall, season, care-seeking, and malaria diagnostic. Following the implementation of IRS, cases were 84% lower in years 4–5 (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 0.16, 95% CI 0.12–0.22), 43% lower in year 6 (aIRR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.44–0.74), and 39% higher in the first 9 months of year 7 (aIRR = 1.39, 95% CI 0.97–1.97) compared to pre-IRS levels. Cases were 67% lower in IRS sites than non-IRS sites in year 6 (aIRR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.17–0.63) but 38% higher in the first 9 months of year 7 (aIRR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.90–2.11). We observed a resurgence in malaria to pre-IRS levels despite sustained IRS. The timing of this resurgence corresponded to a change of active ingredient. Further research is needed to determine causality.
Your best day: An interactive app to translate how time reallocations within a 24-hour day are associated with health measures
Authors: Dumuid Dorothea , Olds Timothy , Wake Melissa , Lund Rasmussen Charlotte , Pedišić Željko , Hughes Jim H. , Foster David JR. , Walmsley Rosemary , Atkin Andrew J. , Straker Leon , Fraysse Francois , Smith Ross T. , Neumann Frank , Kenett Ron S. , Jarle Mork Paul , Bennett Derrick , Doherty Aiden , Stanford Ty
Published: September 2022

Reallocations of time between daily activities such as sleep, sedentary behavior and physical activity are differentially associated with markers of physical, mental and social health. An individual’s most desirable allocation of time may differ depending on which outcomes they value most, with these outcomes potentially competing with each other for reallocations. We aimed to develop an interactive app that translates how self-selected time reallocations are associated with multiple health measures. We used data from the Australian Child Health CheckPoint study (n= 1685, 48% female, 11–12 y), with time spent in daily activities derived from a validated 24-h recall instrument, %body fat from bioelectric impedance, psychosocial health from the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and academic performance (writing) from national standardized tests. We created a user-interface to the compositional isotemporal substitution model with interactive sliders that can be manipulated to self-select time reallocations between activities. The time-use composition was significantly associated with body fat percentage (F = 2.66,P< .001), psychosocial health (F = 4.02,P< .001), and academic performance (F = 2.76,P< .001). Dragging the sliders on the app shows how self-selected time reallocations are associated with the health measures. For example, reallocating 60 minutes from screen time to physical activity was associated with -0.8 [95% CI -1.0 to -0.5] %body fat, +1.9 [1.4 to 2.5] psychosocial score and +4.5 [1.8 to 7.2] academic performance. Our app allows the health associations of time reallocations to be compared against each other. Interactive interfaces provide flexibility in selecting which time reallocations to investigate, and may transform how research findings are disseminated.
Positive fortune telling enhances men’s financial risk taking
Authors: Tan Xiaoyue , van Prooijen Jan-Willem , van Lange Paul A. M.
Published: September 2022

Fortune telling is a widespread phenomenon, yet little is known about the extent to which people are affected by it—including those who consider themselves non-believers. The present research has investigated the power of a positive fortune telling outcome (vs. neutral vs. negative) on people’s financial risk taking. In two online experiments (n1 = 252;n2 = 441), we consistently found that positive fortune telling enhanced financial risk taking particularly among men. Additionally, we used a real online gambling game in a lab setting (n3 = 193) and found that positive fortune telling enhanced the likelihood that college students gambled for money. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of these three studies demonstrated that the effect of positive fortune telling versus neutral fortune telling was significant for men, but virtually absent for women. Thus, positive fortune telling can yield increased financial risk taking in men, but not (or less so) in women.
Eyewitness accuracy and retrieval effort: Effects of time and repetition
Authors: Gustafsson Philip U. , Lindholm Torun , Jönsson Fredrik U.
Published: September 2022

An important task for the law enforcement is to assess the accuracy of eyewitness testimonies. Recent research show that indicators of effortful memory retrieval, such as pausing and hedging (e.g. “I think”, “maybe”), are more common in incorrect recall. However, a limitation in these studies is that participants are interviewed shortly after witnessing an event, as opposed to after greater retention intervals. We set out to mitigate this shortcoming by investigating the retrieval effort-accuracy relationship over time. In this study, participants watched a staged crime and were interviewed directly afterwards, and two weeks later. Half the participants also carried out a repetition task during the two-week retention interval. Results showed that the retrieval-effort cuesDelaysandHedgespredicted accuracy at both sessions, including after repetition. We also measured confidence, and found that confidence also predicted accuracy over time, although repetition led to increased confidence for incorrect memories. Moreover, retrieval-effort cues partially mediated between accuracy and confidence.
Comparison of species-specific qPCR and metabarcoding methods to detect small pelagic fish distribution from open ocean environmental DNA
Authors: Yu Zeshu , Ito Shin-ichi , Wong Marty Kwok-Shing , Yoshizawa Susumu , Inoue Jun , Itoh Sachihiko , Yukami Ryuji , Ishikawa Kazuo , Guo Chenying , Ijichi Minoru , Hyodo Susumu
Published: September 2022

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly used to noninvasively monitor aquatic animals in freshwater and coastal areas. However, the use of eDNA in the open ocean (hereafter referred to OceanDNA) is still limited because of the sparse distribution of eDNA in the open ocean. Small pelagic fish have a large biomass and are widely distributed in the open ocean. We tested the performance of two OceanDNA analysis methods—species-specific qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and MiFish metabarcoding using universal primers—to determine the distribution of small pelagic fish in the open ocean. We focused on six small pelagic fish species (Sardinops melanostictus, Engraulis japonicus, Scomber japonicus, Scomber australasicus, Trachurus japonicus, and Cololabis saira) and selected the Kuroshio Extension area as a testbed, because distribution of the selected species is known to be influenced by the strong frontal structure. The results from OceanDNA methods were compared to those of net sampling to test for consistency. Then, we compared the detection performance in each target fish between the using of qPCR and MiFish methods. A positive correlation was evident between the qPCR and MiFish detection results. In the ranking of the species detection rates and spatial distribution estimations, comparable similarity was observed between results derived from the qPCR and MiFish methods. In contrast, the detection rate using the qPCR method was always higher than that of the MiFish method. Amplification bias on non-target DNA and low sample DNA quantity seemed to partially result in a lower detection rate for the MiFish method; the reason is still unclear. Considering the ability of MiFish to detect large numbers of species and the quantitative nature of qPCR, the combined usage of the two methods to monitor quantitative distribution of small pelagic fish species with information of fish community structures was recommended.
An investigation into the effects and effectiveness of correlation network filtration methods with financial returns
Authors: Millington Tristan
Published: September 2022

When studying financial markets, we often look at estimating a correlation matrix from asset returns. These tend to be noisy, with many more dimensions than samples, so often the resulting correlation matrix is filtered. Popular methods to do this include the minimum spanning tree, planar maximally filtered graph and the triangulated maximally filtered graph, which involve using the correlation network as the adjacency matrix of a graph and then using tools from graph theory. These assume the data fits some form of shape. We do not necessarily have a reason to believe that the data does fit into this shape, and there have been few empirical investigations comparing how the methods perform. In this paper we look at how the filtered networks are changed from the original networks using stock returns from the US, UK, German, Indian and Chinese markets, and at how these methods affect our ability to distinguish between datasets created from different correlation matrices using a graph embedding algorithm. We find that the relationship between the full and filtered networks depends on the data and the state of the market, and decreases as we increase the size of networks, and that the filtered networks do not provide an improvement in classification accuracy compared to the full networks.
The impact of a brief mindfulness training on interoception: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lima-Araujo Geissy Lainny de , de Sousa Júnior Geovan Menezes , Mendes Thatiane , Demarzo Marcelo , Farb Norman , Barros de Araujo Draulio , Sousa Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de
Published: September 2022

Interoception is a collection of different representations of signals originating within the body. The way of perceiving these signals seems to be related to both emotion regulation and dysregulation, and its dysfunction is implicated across a variety of affective disorders. There is a growing body of research investigating the relationship between mindfulness meditation practices and interoception showing an increase in interoceptive processes with regular training. In this study, we assessed the effects of a three-day mindfulness training on interoceptive accuracy and sensibility in a young healthy adult sample. Moreover, we also performed a mediation analysis on interoceptive sensibility and anxiety. Healthy participants (n = 40) naive to mindfulness practices were randomized to a brief mindfulness training (MT) (n = 20, females = 10) or to an active control group (n = 20, females = 10). Participants were assessed before and after the 3-days intervention for both groups on measures of interoception and anxiety in a modified intention-to-treat approach. The brief mindfulness training group increased interoceptive sensibility while active control had no effects on this variable. Five out of eight subdomains of interoceptive sensibility were significantly improved after mindfulness training. There was no significant difference in interoceptive accuracy after training. The effect of a brief mindfulness training on interoceptive sensibility mediated changes in the anxiety state. To date, this is the first study showing a plausible mechanism of a brief mindfulness training to explain the anxiolytic effects of meditation practices.

Trial registration: RBR-7b8yh8, March 28th 2017 http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-7b8yh8/.
Experiential learning for civic education: Typologies and learning outcomes
Authors: Wong Koon Lin , Chong Eric King-Man , Leung Wing Tat , Leung Yan Wing
Published: September 2022

Experiential learning has an important role to play in education; the typologies of experiential learning for civic education was employed to examine two case studies. One case study involves a teacher guiding Hong Kong students in experiential learning, which took place at a national level in mainland China. His approaches aligned with justice oriented and charity oriented. The second case study concerns a teacher who personally undertook experiential learning at a global level in Africa. Her approaches aligned with these typologies of experiential learning (personal development and justice oriented). Their journeys illustrated that different types of experiential learning have various influences on the perceived civic learning outcomes of learners. We suggest adding facilitating and hindering factors into the typologies of experiential learning, which would provide a more comprehensive conceptual framework to guide educators and researchers in organizing and conducting experiential learning activities and studies.
Students of education’s views on the social role of academia and their future role as educators
Authors: Paul-Binyamin Ilana , Hisherik Michal
Published: September 2022

In addition to its dual role of research and teaching, the academic world has assumed a third role – social involvement. This is a common phenomenon all over the world and has become stronger in Israel in the last decade. This research addresses students of education’s views on this role and the implications of their studies in a change-leading campus to their self-perception as future educators. Three hundred and eighty-three questionnaires were distributed to Israeli-Palestinian and Israeli-Jewish students at a teacher-training college. The findings indicate that the students support the college’s social involvement and see their experiences on campus as important to their future role as educators in a divided society. The Jewish students, more than their Palestinian classmates, prefer to deal with interpersonal relationships, thus preserving the status of the social power structure. The Palestinian students, inexperienced in critical political debate, request tools that train them to become involved and critical educators. The findings point to the power of a campus with a critical-social agenda to help its graduates form an educational world-view that is aware of the social–political context.
Where have I been all these years? A narrative case study on the impact of western (mis)conceptions of musicality on a generalist classroom teacher’s music teacher identity construction
Authors: Nieuwmeijer Christiane , Marshall Nigel , van Oers Bert
Published: September 2022

This article reports a narrative case study on Sanne, an experienced 46-year-old early childhood teacher who considered herself unmusical and therefore unable to teach music, caused by (1) few childhood musical experiences, (2) teacher training that focused on musical performance skills and (3) a professional context with minimal music education. These experiences reinforced her belief that musicality equates to musical performance skills, rendering her ‘unmusical’ – a western conception of musicality which had prevented her from teaching music. Participating in a professional development (PD) programme on musical play, however, positively influenced her music teacher identity (MTI), resulting in confidence to teach music. This article explores what factors contributed to this identity shift. The PD programme was set up according to criteria for effective PD as argued by literature, such as collective participation, demand-driven content, long-term duration and a focus on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Data were collected by means of surveys, interviews and e-mails containing video images. Assisted by a three-dimensional space narrative structure, text excerpts were selected from the data and ‘re-storied’ into a narrative. Analysis revealed how a combination of newly acquired PCK and existing general play guidance skills enabled Sanne to facilitate musical play successfully, thereby neutralizing the obstacles raised by her self-perceived non-musicality, and positively affecting her MTI. In the discussion, we reflect on how our current western conception of musicality may negatively affect individuals’ musical identity and provide some further thoughts on the implications of our findings for music educational practice.
A Review on Green Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles and their Applications
Authors: Bi Shagufta , Srivastava Rashi
Published: September 2022

The palladium nanoparticles are synthesized from plants, microbes, enzymes, and biochemicals, the consideration of different scientists because of their simple, cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly fabrication. They are broadly investigated for their physicochemical properties. Plants are including in the method that turns ions to nanoparticles because plants and their parts have different types of primary and secondary metabolites. Different types of factors like the concentration of plant extract, temperature, pH, incubation time, and metal salts increase the rate of size, shape, and stability of palladium nanoparticles. Palladium nanoparticles are extensively employ in medicine, drug carrier delivery, cancer treatment, and sensors, and received wide interest as a result of their different size-dependent catalytic concert. Usually, palladium nanoparticles are synthesized by different types of methods involving complicated equipment and hazardous chemicals, in physical and chemical procedures. The current fabrications of palladium nanoparticles employs different plants, and their effective consumption, and latent application like pharmaceuticals, catalysts, medicine, medical diagnostics, and biosensors.