bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing thermodynamical properties of Al1−xGaxSb alloys and optical modes for Al1−xGaxSb/GaAs epifilms and (AlSb)m/(GaSb)n superlattices
Authors: Talwar Devki N. , Lin Hao-Hsiung
Published: March 2022

A generalized Green's function (GF) theory is adopted in the framework of a realistic rigid-ion-model (RIM) to assess the composition, x-dependent lattice dynamics, and thermodynamical characteristics of ideal random Al1−xGaxSb alloys. For simulating phonons, the alloy parameters are achieved by interpolating the values of the RIM force constants between AlSb and GaSb without requiring any additional interactions. The outcomes of phonon dispersions ωj(q→), Debye temperature ΘD(T), and specific heat Cv(T) compare favorably well with the existing experimental and theoretical data. An established methodology of multilayer optics is also employed for modeling the far-infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of ultrathin GaSb/GaAs, AlSb/GaAs, Al1−xGaxSb/GaAs epilayers, and (AlSb)m/(GaSb)n/GaAs superlattices at near normal (θi = 0) incidence and oblique (θi ≠ 0) incidence. An accurate appraisal of the x-dependent longitudinal-optical [ωLO(Γ)] and transverse-optical [ωTO(Γ)] phonon splitting by Berreman's effect, along with the calculated GF results of localized vibrational mode (GaSb:Al) and gap mode (AlSb:Ga), is carefully integrated into the modified-random-iso-displacement model to validate the two-phonon mode behavior in Al1−xGaxSb ternary alloys.
STEM Education of Kinematics and Dynamics Using Arduino
Authors: Çoban A. , Erol M.
Published: March 2022

Ever increasing technological progress opens novel opportunities concerning educational activities, and the ability to use the technology effectively is one of the 21st century’s most demanding skills. The Partnership Forum for 21st-Century Skills (P21) states that no organization can achieve satisfying results without using technology and therefore the use of technology particularly in schools should be at the highest level. Some novel teaching methods have recently emerged based on technological developments, such as STEM education, which is based on the integration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. In this study, the motion of a body connected to a pulley system is analyzed by using an Arduino microprocessor and also related mathematical equations. Arduino is a programming platform on which various electronic elements can be connected. There are various Arduino compatible sensors (sound, light, distance, temperature, etc.) that can be coded for their intended use. Due to its cost effectiveness, this technological instrument can be used as a measurement tool in many physics experiments. In this work, the time-varying data of the position of the moving object is determined using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor (see Fig. 1). The HC-SR04 distance sensor can determine the distance of the obstacle from the sensor when the transmitted signal is reflected from an obstacle and returned to the sensor, and the Arduino IDE computer program is used to load the corresponding codes into the Arduino and to retrieve the incoming data.
Investigating Students’ Experience of Instructional Videos with the UX Curve Method
Authors: Zhu Guangtian , Ding Yi , Chen Qingwei , Huang Yuhan
Published: March 2022

Instructional videos are commonly used in both remote and in-campus curriculum. In order to investigate students’ experience when learning with online instructional videos, we adapted a method called “UX curve” from the user experience studies in industrial design. In this paper, we introduce the procedure and data processing method of using the UX curve method. We applied the UX curve method in a high school physics class while the students were watching an instructional video of kinematics. The results suggested that the UX curve method is practical, convenient, and effective in collecting students’ real-time experience.
Recording a resonance curve with smartphones and wine glasses
Authors: Vogt Patrik , Kasper Lutz
Published: March 2022

Numerous experiments on acoustics have already been described in this column, e.g., on the different types of sound or on acoustic beats. The topic of cavity resonance and the determination of the speed of sound from the resonance frequencies of various tubes, glasses, and bottles has also been addressed several times. A topic that has not yet been considered is the recording of a resonance curve. We would like to present here an experimental possibility with very simple devices. Apart from two smartphones, all you need is a wine glass.
NITARP, the NASA/IPAC Teacher Archive Research Program
Authors: Rebull L. M.
Published: March 2022

Have you ever wanted to get into astronomical data? Imean REALLY into astronomical data? The NASA/IPAC Teacher Archive Research Program (NITARP) gets teachers involved with real astronomy data and research. We partner small groups of (largely) high school educators with a professional astronomer mentor for an original research project. The educators incorporate the experience into their classrooms and share their experience with other teachers. The program runs for a full year, January through January. Applications are available annually: posted in May and closed in September.
Millikan Again
Authors: Wehrbein William M.
Published: March 2022

Recognized as one of the most beautiful experiments of all time, the oil drop experiment performed by Robert Millikan and his graduate students (primarily Harvey Fletcher) is a standard in the repertoire of experiments performed by undergraduate physics students. However, “as a teaching lab it does not enjoy a good reputation for three reasons: eyestrain, tedium, and poor, unconvincing results.” Several have attempted to make this experiment more student-friendly by improving the optics and replacing the stopwatch with a computer, replacing the eye with a video camera, and utilizing video analysis tools. Currently available versions of the oil drop apparatus for high school and college students have incorporated a number of these features. On the other hand, others are ready to replace the experiment with interactive computer-based simulations. There is another alternative: Have students analyze pre-recorded videos of the Millikan experiment. Besides the “Millikan Movies” produced at the California State University at Chico, the collection “Physics: CINEMA CLASSICS” (“PCC”) contains the essential nuggets from a Physical Science Study Committee (PSSC) educational film made in 1959 sufficient to compute the elementary electric charge.
A Visit to Kelvinside
Authors: Greenslade Thomas B.
Published: March 2022

In the summer of 1978 Sonia and Tom Greenslade paid a visit to the Department of Natural Philosophy of Glasgow University, situated in Kelvinside, a western suburb of the city of Glasgow. Tom had two aims, first to photograph early pieces of physics apparatus, and secondly to learn more about William Thomson, Lord Kelvin.
Acoustic far-field prediction based on near-field measurements by using several different holography algorithms
Authors: Shi Tongyang , Bolton J. Stuart , Thor Weimin
Published: March 2022

Near-field acoustical holography (NAH) is a useful tool for sound field reconstruction and sound source identification. In NAH, a basis model is first selected to represent the physical sound field, and then a near-field measurement is made with a microphone array. Next, the parameters in the selected model can be estimated based on the measurements by using an inverse approach, resulting in the sound field near the source being reconstructed so that the sound source location can be identified. But, in addition to being able to reconstruct the near-field of a source, the far-field can also be predicted with the identified sound source model. A significant amount of work has been performed to study the near-field reconstruction capability of different NAH algorithms, but there has been a limited number of publications in which the far-field prediction accuracy, based on the near-field measurement constructed model, has been considered. In the present experimental work, two multi-transducer loudspeakers were placed side-by-side to create a multi-component sound source, and two sets of measurements were conducted: an intensity probe scanned the sound field generated by the loudspeakers in both the near-field (0.05 m) and far-field (0.48 m) such that the true near- and far-field intensity spatial distributions and total sound power could be identified. Then, based on the near-field pressure measurements, four acoustical holography algorithms, statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography, wideband acoustical holography, l1-norm minimization, and a hybrid compressive sampling method were used to predict the near- and far-field sound intensity distributions. The near- and far-field prediction results were compared with the direct measurement, and the sound field reconstruction accuracy was studied. It was found that all of the algorithms were able to reconstruct the near-field well when the near-field measurements were used to construct the model. It was found that with the abovementioned models, far-field reconstructions could correctly predict the spatial sound field distribution, but in all of the cases, the total sound power was underestimated.
A decoupling-design strategy for high sound absorption in subwavelength structures with air ventilation
Authors: Zhang Ruojun , Wang Guibo , Zhou Xiaoming , Hu Gengkai
Published: March 2022

A strategy based on the decoupling design of two elementary structures, both made of coiled-up channels, is proposed. One channeling structure is designed for blocking sound transmission, while the other element is used for absorbing sounds at low-transmission frequencies. Based on this strategy, the sound-absorbing sample with air ventilation is fabricated and its high-absorption capability is demonstrated experimentally. The expanding of sound absorption bandwidth by combining different absorptive channels into the sample structure is also demonstrated. The proposed method provides a new route towards broadband high sound absorption in ventilated structures.
Group delay spectrogram of speech signals without phase wrapping
Authors: Yegnanarayana B.
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a method for displaying the phase information in speech signals through group delay spectrogram, without the need for phase unwrapping. The method involves scaling down the phase values without affecting the shape of the phase or group delay function, thus preserving the information of the phase spectrum. This is accomplished using single-frequency filtering (SFF) of speech signals to obtain the instantaneous complex SFF spectrum. The SFF involves filtering a frequency-shifting signal using a resonator at half the sampling frequency. The SFF spectrum displays characteristics similar to the standard short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectrum, but without the effects of truncation due to windowing operation. The objective of the present study is to show that features of speech production can also be observed in the phase information, displayed through the group delay spectrogram. The time–frequency resolution in the group delay spectrogram depends on the choice of the bandwidth of the resonator used in the SFF analysis. The speech production features displayed in the group delay spectrogram are examined for different types of speech signals at different time-frequency resolutions.
(Almost) all of entity resolution
Authors: Binette Olivier , Steorts Rebecca C.
Published: March 2022

Whether the goal is to estimate the number of people that live in a congressional district, to estimate the number of individuals that have died in an armed conflict, or to disambiguate individual authors using bibliographic data, all these applications have a common theme—integrating information from multiple sources. Before such questions can be answered, databases must be cleaned and integrated in a systematic and accurate way, commonly known as structured entity resolution (record linkage or deduplication). Here, we review motivational applications and seminal papers that have led to the growth of this area. We review modern probabilistic and Bayesian methods in statistics, computer science, machine learning, database management, economics, political science, and other disciplines that are used throughout industry and academia in applications such as human rights, official statistics, medicine, and citation networks, among others. Last, we discuss current research topics of practical importance.
Subduction initiation of the western Paleo-Asian Ocean linked to global tectonic reorganization: Insights from Cambrian island-arc magmatism within the West Junggar, NW China
Authors: Zhang Yunying , Sun Min , Yin Jiyuan , Yuan Chao , Sun Zhen , Xia Xiaoping
Published: March 2022

The subduction initiation associated with the beginning of accretionary orogens has been thought to be related to global plate reorganization. To characterize the initial subduction within the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt, this integrated study focuses on Cambrian tholeiitic to calc-alkaline plutons in the Barleik-Mayile-Saleinuohai area of West Junggar, NW China. Zircon U-Pb results of felsic plutons reveal a wide range (511–488 Ma) of ages with older ages up to 514–511 Ma. The felsic rocks exhibit variable SiO2 (53.0–77.4 wt%) and K2O (0.05– 2.24 wt%) contents and can be classified as diorite, granodiorite, trondhjemite, and tonalite. On the basis of their low TiO2 (0.12– 0.71 wt%) contents and characteristic trace element trends as well as high zircon εHf(t) (+10.5 to +14.5) and mantle-like zircon δ18O (5.0 ± 0.48‰ to 5.4 ± 0.43‰, two standard deviations) values, we interpret that the Cambrian felsic rocks have diverse origins, involving differentiation of arc basalts and partial melting of subducted oceanic crust, arc mafic crust, and metasomatized mantle wedge. The Saleinuohai gabbroic pluton shows zircon δ18O ratios from 4.2 to 4.7‰, which are lower than those of igneous zircons in equilibrium with mantle and thus reflect modification of their mantle source by hydrothermal fluids with seawater-like oxygen isotopes at high temperature. Combined with regional data, we propose that the West Junggar arc represents the extending of the Boshchekul-Chingiz arc in the Early Cambrian, defining a long (>1000 km) E-W–trending subduction zone. The earliest island-arc tholeiitic felsic plutons in the West Junggar took place at ca. 514–511 Ma, which, coupled with other early subduction records (e.g., 530 Ma SSZ-type Kopu-relisay ophiolites) in the western Paleo-Asian Ocean, indicates that initial stages of subduction of the western Paleo-Asian Ocean probably occurred in the Early Cambrian. The simultaneity between the initial subduction of the western Paleo-Asian Ocean, Gondwana assembly, and Laurasia breakup suggests a causal link between the three, collectively correlated to a global plate adjustment event.
Supplemental Material: Geology's Most-Cited Papers
Authors: Admin Editing
Published: March 2022

Supplemental Tables S1 and S2.
Supplemental Material: Cenozoic sediment bypass versus Laramide exhumation and erosion of the Eagle Ford Group: Perspective from modelling of organic and inorganic proxy data (Maverick Basin, Texas, USA)
Authors: Robinson Alexandra S. , al. et
Published: March 2022

Supplemental methodology and results, and full datasets including all replicates measured and standards used.
Hall Effect in a Doped Mott Insulator: DMFT Approximation
Authors: Kuchinskii E. Z. , Kuleeva N. A. , Khomskii D. I. , Sadovskii M. V.
Published: March 2022

In the framework of dynamical mean-field theory, we analyze the Hall effect in a doped Mott insulator as a parent cuprate superconductor. We consider the partial filling (hole doping) of the lower Hubbard band and calculate the dependence of the Hall coefficient and Hall number on hole doping, determining the critical concentration for sign change of the Hall coefficient. Significant temperature dependence of the Hall effect is noted. Good agreement is demonstrated with the concentration dependence of the Hall number obtained in experiments in the normal state of YBCO.
Airway challenges in an adult with hemifacial microsomia along with neglected cleft palate: what to expect?
Authors: Rathod Darshana , Meshram Tanvi , Kumari Kamlesh , Pal Nilay
Published: March 2022

A female patient in her early 20s, with a known diagnosis of hemifacial microsomia (unilateral microtia and mandibular hypoplasia) accompanied with an unoperated cleft palate, came for an infected mandibular distraction plate removal. The anticipated difficult airway and lack of enough literature about what to expect in such a scenario, along with the psychological impact on the patient, made this case challenging and thought-provoking. Inability to perform the awake tracheal intubation because of the uncooperative patient, along with the difficult fibreoptic owing to narrowed nostrils, offered an extra set of challenges.
Factors influencing estimated effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in non-randomised studies
Authors: Ioannidis John P A
Published: March 2022

Non-randomised studies assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness need to consider multiple factors that may generate spurious estimates due to bias or genuinely modify effectiveness. These include pre-existing immunity, vaccination misclassification, exposure differences, testing, disease risk factor confounding, hospital admission decision, treatment use differences, and death attribution. It is useful to separate whether the impact of each factor admission decision, treatment use differences, and death attribution. Steps and measures to consider for improving vaccine effectiveness estimation include registration of studies and of analysis plans; sharing of raw data and code; background collection of reliable information; blinded assessment of outcomes, e.g. death causes; using maximal/best information in properly-matched studies, multivariable analyses, propensity analyses, and other models; performing randomised trials, whenever possible, for suitable questions, e.g. booster doses or comparative effectiveness of different vaccination strategies; living meta-analyses of vaccine effectiveness; better communication with both relative and absolute metrics of risk reduction and presentation of uncertainty; and avoidance of exaggeration in communicating results to the general public.
Randomised controlled trial of active case management to link hepatitis C notifications to treatment in Tasmania, Australia: a study protocol
Authors: Marukutira Tafireyi , Moore Karen P , Hellard Margaret , Richmond Jacqui , Turner Kate , Pedrana A E , Melody Shannon , Johnston Fay H , Owen Louise , Van Den Boom Wijnand , Scott N , Thompson Alexander , Iser David , Spelman Tim , Veitch Mark , Stoové Mark A , Doyle Joseph
Published: March 2022

Introduction

By subsidising access to direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for all people living with hepatitis C (HCV) in 2016, Australia is positioned to eliminate HCV as a public health threat. However, uptake of DAAs has declined over recent years and new initiatives are needed to engage people living with HCV in care. Active follow-up of HCV notifications by the health department to the notifying general practitioner (GP) may increase treatment uptake. In this study, we explore the impact of using hepatitis C notifications systems to engage diagnosing GPs and improve patient access to treatment.

Methods and analysis

This study is a randomised controlled trial comparing enhanced case management of HCV notifications with standard of care. The intervention includes phone calls from a department of health (DoH) specialist HCV nurse to notifying GPs and offering HCV management support. The level of support requested by the GP was graded in complexity: level 1: HCV information only; level 2: follow-up testing advice; level 3: prescription support including linkage to specialist clinicians and level 4: direct patient contact. The study population includes all GPs in Tasmania who notified HCV diagnosis to the DoH between September 2020 and December 2021. The primary outcome is proportion of HCV cases who initiate DAAs after 12 weeks of HCV notification to the health department. Secondary outcomes are proportion of HCV notifications that complete HCV RNA testing, treatment workup and treatment completion. Multiple logistic regression modelling will explore factors associated with the primary and secondary outcomes. The sample size required to detect a significant difference for the primary outcome is 85 GPs in each arm with a two-sided alpha of 0.05% and 80% power.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by University of Tasmania’s Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol ID: 18418) on 17 December 2019. Results of the project will be presented in scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04510246.

Trial progression

The study commenced recruitment in September 2020 and end of study expected December 2021.
Drug-induced corneal deposits: an up-to-date review
Authors: Sahyoun Jean-Yves , Sabeti Saama , Robert Marie-Claude
Published: March 2022

This review assesses different clinical aspects of the various known drug-induced corneal deposits, based on the corneal layer involved (epithelium, stroma and/or endothelium), and based on the drug class. The most well-known condition caused by drug deposits is vortex keratopathy, or corneal verticillata, which is a whorl-like opacity in the corneal epithelium. Vortex keratopathy is commonly caused by certain cationic amphiphilic drugs such as amiodarone, antimalarials, suramin, tamoxifen, chlorpromazine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These deposits usually occur once a certain dose of the drug is reached. Most cases present with mild to moderate symptoms with minimal visual impairment. Most of these deposits resolve automatically, after months to years of drug cessation. Notably, other drug classes can cause deposits in all three layers of the cornea. Chlorpromazine, gold, rifabutin, indomethacin and tyrosine kinase inhibitors can cause stromal deposits, with reduced visual acuity when the anterior stroma is involved. Chlorpromazine and rifabutin can also cause deposits in the endothelial layer of the cornea. Regardless of the type of corneal deposit, local therapies such as topical lubricants or corticosteroids may help improve symptoms. Drug cessation or modification can also be helpful but should be weighed against the systemic risks of the underlying disease.
DNA methylation profiles differ in responders versus non-responders to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Starzer Angelika Martina , Heller Gerwin , Tomasich Erwin , Melchardt Thomas , Feldmann Katharina , Hatziioannou Teresa , Traint Stefan , Minichsdorfer Christoph , Schwarz-Nemec Ursula , Nackenhorst Maja , Müllauer Leonhard , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna Sophie , Fuereder Thorsten
Published: March 2022

Background

Biomarkers for response prediction to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are urgently needed for a personalized therapy approach. We investigated the predictive potential of inflammatory parameters and DNA methylation profiling in patients with HNSCC treated with anti-PD-1 ICI.

Methods

We identified patients with HNSCC that were treated with anti-PD-1 ICI therapy in the recurrent or metastatic setting after progression to platinum-based chemotherapy in two independent centers. We analyzed DNA methylation profiles of >850.000 CpG sites in tumor specimens of these patients by Infinium MethylationEPIC microarrays, immune cell density in the tumor microenvironment (CD8, CD3, CD45RO, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), CD68), PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by immunohistochemistry, and blood inflammation markers (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, leucocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio). DNA methylation profiles and immunological markers were bioinformatically and statistically correlated with radiological response to anti-PD-1 ICI.

Results

37 patients with HNSCC (median age of 62 years; range 49–83; 8 (21.6%) women, 29 (78.4%) men) were included (Center 1 N=26, 70.3%; Center 2 N=11, 29.7%). Median number of prior systemic therapies was 1 (range 1–4). Five out of 37 (13.5%) patients achieved an objective response to ICI. Median progression-free survival and median overall survival times were 3.7 months (range 0–22.9) and 9.0 months (range 0–38.8), respectively. Microarray analyses revealed a methylation signature including both hypomethylation and hypermethylation which was predictive for response to ICI and included several genes involved in cancer-related molecular pathways. Over-represented differentially methylated genes between responders and non-responders were associated with ‘Axon guidance’, ‘Hippo signaling’, ‘Pathways in cancer’ and ‘MAPK signaling’. A statistically significant correlation of PD-L1 expression and response was present (p=0.0498).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that tumor DNA methylation profiling may be useful to predict response to ICI in patients with HNSCC.
Survey of surgical critical care applicant and program director views on virtual interviews for fellowship training: a Surgical Critical Care Program Directors Society sponsored study
Authors: Zebley James A , Chang Parker , Cohn Ellen , Kaups Krista L , Chiu William , Sarani Babak
Published: March 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic forced postgraduate interview processes to move to a virtual platform. There are no studies on the opinions of faculty and applicants regarding this format. The aim of this study was to assess the opinions of surgical critical care (SCC) applicants and program directors regarding the virtual versus in-person interview process.

Methods

An anonymous survey of the SCC Program Director’s Society members and applicants to the 2019 (in-person) and 2020 (virtual) interview cycles was done. Demographic data and Likert scale based responses were collected using Research Electronic Data Capture.

Results

Fellowship and program director responses rates were 25% (137/550) and 58% (83/143), respectively. Applicants in the 2020 application cycle attended more interviews. The majority of applicants (57%) and program faculty (67%) strongly liked/liked the virtual interview format but felt an in-person format allows better assessment of the curriculum and culture of the program. Both groups felt that an in-person format allows applicants and faculty to establish rapport better. Only 9% and 16% of SCC program directors wanted a purely virtual or purely in-person interview process, respectively. Applicants were nearly evenly split between preferring a purely in-person versus virtual interviews in the future.

Discussion

The virtual interview format allows applicants and program directors to screen a larger number of programs and applications. However, the virtual format is less useful than an in-person interview format for describing unique aspects of a training program and for allowing faculty and applicants to establish rapport. Future strategies using both formats may be optimal, but such an approach requires further study.

Level of evidence

Epidemiologic level IV
Internal dynamics in condensed matter, as studied by spin relaxation: some examples from 75 years
Authors: Karlsson Erik B.
Published: March 2022

The present year 2021 celebrates the 75th anniversary of the nuclear magnetic resonance method (NMR), which has had an immense importance for several branches of physics, chemistry and biology. The splitting of resonances and the shifts in their positions are seemingly inexhaustible sources of information for organic chemistry and biology. It was first introduced for the study ofnuclear spinsand their associated magnetic properties and when it was observed that resonance lines were broadened by the action of fluctuating local magnetic fields it was first seen as a limitation for the exact determination of nuclear properties. However, it was soon realized that the broadening contained important information on the dynamics of atoms, molecules or cooperative spin systems surrounding the nuclei and spin perturbations became a well-developed tool for investigation of internal dynamics in liquids and solids, over time-ranges from seconds down to femtoseconds. The present article is an attempt to review this latter line of development and to pick out a series of examples of internal dynamics in different physical systems published over the past 75 years. Examples include motions of particles in solids, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), critical phenomena around phase transitions, functioning of biomolecules and recent applications to spintronics and quantum computing. Other spin-based spectroscopies followed in the tracks of NMR with use ofelectron spins(in electron spin resonance ESR also called electron paramagnetic resonance EPR, and ferromagnetic resonance, FMR),excited nuclear states(by observation of perturbations in angular correlation of gamma-rays, PAC) and later alsomuon spins(muon spin relaxation, MuSR), from which other examples are selected.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A STOCHASTIC NON-AUTONOMOUS PREDATOR–PREY MODEL WITH CROWLEY–MARTIN FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE AND IMPULSES
Authors: GUO YARU , SUN SHULIN
Published: March 2022

A stochastic non-autonomous one-prey two-predator model with Crowley–Martin functional response and impulses is proposed in this paper. First, by constructing the equivalent system without impulses, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution of the system. Second, by using Itô formula, strong law of large numbers and Chebyshev’s inequality, some sufficient conditions are established to ensure the extinction, non-persistence in the mean, persistence in the mean and stochastic permanence of the system. Third, we prove the system is globally attractive under some conditions. Finally, we choose different white noise intensities and impulsive parameters to illustrate the analytical results by numerical simulations.
Effect of Strain Rate on the Compressive Behavior of Polyurethane Bonding
Authors: Shen Yonggang , Wang Chengquan , Gan Yong , Chen Dongqiang , Kolli Sumanth
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses material named Polyurethane bonding which can be used in the stabilization of railroad ballast layer. An experimentation of the static and dynamic response of this material is important in designing appropriate solutions for railroad ballast layer, especially for the transition zone. A comprehensive study on the SHPB testing of Polyurethane bonding is presented in the strain rate range of 1000[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]–4000[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]. Variable power law was used to predict the material response at elevated strain rates as high as 10,000[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]. These results are compared with the material’s quasi-static response. The effects of strain rate on material parameters like Young’s Modulus and Yield Strength were investigated under various high strain rate dynamic experiments. It was found that the yield strength as well as Young’s modulus increased with the strain rate and the trend was more evident at higher strain rates. Quasi-Static Uniaxial Compression tests gave the typical stress–strain relationship of the material. A close investigation of the material response indicates that the behavior of this class of Polyurethane has a close resemblance with PMMA at the quasi-static as well as at various high strain rates.
Locality Sensitive Hash Aggregated Nonlinear Neighborhood Matrix Factorization for Online Sparse Big Data Analysis
Authors: Li Zixuan , Li Hao , Li Kenli , Wu Fan , Chen Lydia , Li Keqin
Published: March 2022

Matrix factorization (MF) can extract the low-rank features and integrate the information of the data manifold distribution from high-dimensional data, which can consider the nonlinear neighborhood information. Thus, MF has drawn wide attention for low-rank analysis of sparse big data, e.g., Collaborative Filtering (CF) Recommender Systems, Social Networks, and Quality of Service. However, the following two problems exist: (1) huge computational overhead for the construction of the Graph Similarity Matrix (GSM) and (2) huge memory overhead for the intermediate GSM. Therefore, GSM-based MF, e.g., kernel MF, graph regularized MF, and so on, cannot be directly applied to the low-rank analysis of sparse big data on cloud and edge platforms. To solve this intractable problem for sparse big data analysis, we propose Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) aggregated MF (LSH-MF), which can solve the following problems: (1) The proposed probabilistic projection strategy of LSH-MF can avoid the construction of the GSM. Furthermore, LSH-MF can satisfy the requirement for the accurate projection of sparse big data. (2) To run LSH-MF for fine-grained parallelization and online learning on GPUs, we also propose CULSH-MF, which works on CUDA parallelization. Experimental results show that CULSH-MF can not only reduce the computational time and memory overhead but also obtain higher accuracy. Compared with deep learning models, CULSH-MF can not only save training time but also achieve the same accuracy performance.
Authenticity, Integrity, and Replay Protection in Quantum Data Communications and Networking
Authors: Barbeau Michel , Kranakis Evangelos , Perez Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Quantum data communications and networking involve classical hardware and software. Quantum storage is sensitive to environmental disturbances that may have malicious origins. Teleportation and entanglement swapping, two building blocks for the future quantum Internet, rely on secure classical bit communications. When lack of authenticity, integrity, and replay protection may have a high impact, quantum data communications are at risk and need to be protected. Building upon quantum cryptography and random generation of quantum operators, we propose a solution to protect the authenticity, integrity, and replay of quantum data communications. Our solution includes a classical data interface to quantum data cryptography. We describe how classical keying material can be mapped to quantum operators. This enables classical key management techniques for secure quantum data communications.
EEG Based Emotion Recognition: A Tutorial and Review
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Yazhou , Tiwari Prayag , Song Dawei , Hu Bin , Yang Meihong , Zhao Zhigang , Kumar Neeraj , Marttinen Pekka
Published: March 2022

Emotion recognition technology through analyzing the EEG signal is currently an essential concept in Artificial Intelligence and holds great potential in emotional health care, human-computer interaction, multimedia content recommendation, etc. Though there have been several works devoted to reviewing EEG-based emotion recognition, the content of these reviews needs to be updated. In addition, those works are either fragmented in content or only focus on specific techniques adopted in this area but neglect the holistic perspective of the entire technical routes. Hence, in this paper, we review from the perspective of researchers who try to take the first step on this topic. We review the recent representative works in the EEG-based emotion recognition research and provide a tutorial to guide the researchers to start from the beginning. The scientific basis of EEG-based emotion recognition in the psychological and physiological levels is introduced. Further, we categorize these reviewed works into different technical routes and illustrate the theoretical basis and the research motivation, which will help the readers better understand why those techniques are studied and employed. At last, existing challenges and future investigations are also discussed in this paper, which guides the researchers to decide potential future research directions.
Scheduling EV charging with uncertain departure times
Authors: Ferragut Andres , Narbondo Lucas , Paganini Fernando
Published: March 2022

In an EV charging facility, with multiple vehicles requesting charge simultaneously, scheduling becomes crucial to provide adequate service under vehicle sojourn time constraints. However, these departure times may not be known accurately, and typical policies such as Earliest-Deadline- First or Least-Laxity-First are affected by this uncertainty in information. In this paper, we analyze the performance of these policies under uncertain deadlines, using a meanfield approach. We characterize the deviation in individual attained service as a function of the uncertainty. Since incentives appear to under-report deadlines in order to be prioritized, we analyze a simple modification of the policies to enforce incentive compatibility. Simulation experiments are carried out with a practical data set.
Improved Throughput for All-or-Nothing Multicommodity Flows with Arbitrary Demands
Authors: Chaturvedi Anya , Chekuri Chandra , Richa Andr´ea W. , Rost Matthias , Schmid Stefan , Weber Jamison
Published: March 2022

Throughput is a main performance objective in communication networks. This paper considers a fundamental maximum throughput routing problem-the all-or-nothing multicommodity flow (ANF) problem - in arbitrary directed graphs and in the practically relevant but challenging setting where demands can be (much) larger than the edge capacities. Hence, in addition to assigning requests to valid flows for each routed commodity, an admission control mechanism is required which prevents overloading the network when routing commodities.
Speed Scaling with Multiple Servers under a Sum-Power Constraint
Authors: Vaze Rahul , Nair Jayakrishnan
Published: March 2022

The problem of scheduling jobs and choosing their respective speeds with multiple servers under a sum-power constraint to minimize the flow time + energy is considered.
Sequential community mode estimation
Authors: Anand Jain Shubham , Goenka Shreyas , Bapna Divyam , Karamchandani Nikhil , Nair Jayakrishnan
Published: March 2022

Several applications in online learning involve sequential sampling/polling of an underlying population. A classical learning task in this space is online cardinality estimation, where the goal is to estimate the size of a set by sequential sampling of elements from the set (see, for example, [2,4,7]). The key idea here is to use 'collisions,' i.e., instances where the same element is sampled more than once, to estimate the size of the set. Another recent application is community exploration, where the goal of the learning agent is to sample as many distinct elements as possible, given a family of sampling distributions/domains to poll from (see [3, 6]).
The Case for Phase-Aware Scheduling of Parallelizable Jobs
Authors: Berg Benjamin , Whitehouse Justin , Moseley Benjamin , Wang Weina , Harchol-Balter Mor
Published: March 2022

Parallelizable workloads are ubiquitous and appear across a diverse array of modern computer systems. Data centers, supercomputers, machine learning clusters, distributed computing frameworks, and databases all process jobs designed to be parallelized across many servers or cores. Unlike the jobs in more classical models, such as the M/G/k queue, that each run on a single server, parallelizable jobs are capable of running on multiple servers simultaneously. When a job is parallelized across additional servers or cores, the job receives a speedup and can be completed more quickly.
Disrupting Sodium Ordering and Phase Transitions in a Layered Oxide Cathode
Authors: Grundish Nicholas S. , Lyu Hailong , Seymour Ieuan D. , Henkelman Graeme , Khani Hadi
Published: March 2022

Layered Nax
MO2 cathodes are of immense interest as rechargeable sodium batteries further their development as a lithium-ion battery alternative. However, two primary intrinsic structural issues hinder their practicality—sodium ordering and transition-metal layer gliding during cycling. These phenomena plague the electrochemical profiles of these materials with several unwanted voltage plateaus. A Na+ and Fe3+ substitution for Ni2+ strategy is employed here to obtain a series of Na3+x
Ni2–2x
Fe
x
SbO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) materials to suppress the structural phenomena that are apparent in O’3-layered Na3Ni2SbO6 cathode material. This strategy is successful in obtaining a sloping voltage curve without distinct plateaus—an indication of suppression of the underlying structural phenomena that cause them—at doping concentrations of x ≥ 0.3. The first-cycle coulombic efficiency of the doped compounds is much greater than the starting compound, presumably owing to a kinetic barrier to reforming the full O’3-layered starting materials within the voltage range of 2.5–4.3 V vs Na+/Na. Sodium doping into the MO2 layer thus remains a promising strategy for enabling commercial Na
x

MO2 cathodes, but further development is required to lower the kinetic barrier for sodium reinsertion into these materials in a useful voltage range to maximize their reversible capacity.
Phthalocyanine-Based Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal–Organic Framework as Electrochemical Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Nifedipine
Authors: Liu Yuxia , Peng Jinyun , Zhuge Wenfeng , Huang Qing , Xiang Gang , Wei Liying
Published: March 2022

A conductive two-dimensional, phthalocyanine metal–organic framework material (CoPc-Cu MOF) was successfully modified onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to construct an electrochemical sensor for the high-sensitivity detection of nifedipine (NIF). The 2D MOF was obtained by complexing (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octahydroxyphthalocyaninato) cobalt(II) ([OH]8PcCo) with copper(II) ions (denoted as CoPc-Cu MOF). Under optimal conditions, the CoPc-Cu MOF/GCE sensor showed a wide linear range (0.01−92.55 μM) and a low detection limit (6.0 nM) for the determination of NIF. Moreover, the electrochemical sensor exhibited high repeatability, stability, and selectivity. The electrochemical sensing platform was applied to the real determination of NIF in tablets and showed satisfactory results.
Review—The Variation of Anodization Conditions and the Structural Properties of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina (NAA) within Different Acidic Solutions
Authors: Zichu Zhao , Yajie Liu , Lijing Yuan
Published: March 2022

The unique optical and electrochemical properties of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) have led to a wide range of applications such as desalination of seawater, biosensors, nucleic acid detection, photonic crystal lasers, etc This paper reviews the fabrication conditions of NAA for electrochemical anodization in different acidic solutions, including three widely used acids (sulphuric, oxalic, and phosphoric) and some other acidic solutions. The structure and interpore distance properties of NAA can be varied by the type of electrolyte, concentration of electrolyte, voltage, current density, temperature, and anodizing time during the anodizing process.
Development of a High-Performance and Robust PANI:PSS/C Electrode for an Electroosmotic Pump
Authors: Kim Jae Hong , Lee Mi Hyun , Lee Sunwoo , Song Yong Chul , Chang Young Wook , Yang Jin Oh , Yun Kwang Sik , Kim Chang Jung
Published: March 2022

A high-performance and durable electroosmotic (EO) pump is developed by using electropolymerized PANI:PSS/C electrodes. PANI:PSS was electrochemically synthesized on the carbon fiber paper using cyclic voltammetry and characterized by a variety of physicochemical methods including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). There was a linear relationship with a regression coefficient R2 ≥ 0.97 between the applied potential and the peak current (Ipeak), maximum flow rate (Qmax), maximum pressure (Pmax), respectively. The EO pump built with PANI:PSS/C electrodes, with an active area of 1.0 cm2, generated the maximum stall pressure of 122 kPa and the maximum flow rate of 203 ul min−1 at 4 V by using deionized (DI) water as a working fluid. The EO pumps assembled with PANI:PSS/C electrodes showed much better overall performances than those made with the bare carbon paper and exhibited good long-term stability without substantial decay for 5 days of continuous operation even at a high potential of 4 V.
Pennington Corner: Embracing Uncertainty
Authors: Jannuzzi Christopher J.
Published: March 2022

It has now been well over two years since we hosted an in-person ECS meeting—October 2019 in Atlanta was our last. While I am incredibly proud of how the ECS community (volunteers, members, staff, and other constituents) banded together to do what was necessary to keep the Society’s vital work moving forward despite a years-long global pandemic, I feel, like so many people with whom I speak, that it is high time we resumed in-person meetings.
2021 Year in Review: ECS Perseveres and Progresses
Authors: Chaves Frances
Published: March 2022

In 2021—another year like no other—ECS and its community of volunteers, members, staff, and other constituents persevered and progressed through the second year of the global pandemic, working together to further the Society’s vital mission of advancing our science for the betterment of all humanity.
Toyota Fellowships: Fellowships Target Clean-Energy Innovation
Authors: Curtis Susan
Published: March 2022

Toyota has joined forces with The Electrochemical Society to support young scientists and engineers who are investigating more sustainable solutions for the automotive sector.
Looking at Patent Law: Patenting an Electrochemical Invention for Eradication of Microbes from the Surfaces of Implants—A Case Study
Authors: Taylor E. Jennings , Inman Maria
Published: March 2022

In this installment of the “Looking at Patent Law” series, we present a case study of the prosecution of U.S. Patent No. 9,616,142 directed towards “Electrochemical Eradication of Microbes on Surfaces of Objects” jointly assigned to The Research Foundation for the State University of New York and Syracuse University. This case was chosen to coincide with the focus of this issue of Interface on diversity and inclusion in electrochemical technology, science and engineering. Notably, several of the inventors are female, including Dr. Esther S. Takeuchi who is a prolific inventor with numerous awards, honors and recognitions. The case study begins with a brief synopsis of the background of the invention followed by 1) a discussion of the patent applications associated with the invention, 2) inventor assignment and power of attorney designations, 3) submission of an information disclosure statement and duty of candor, 4) summary of office actions, 5) summary of applicant response to non-final rejection, and 6) allowance of the patent application. With this case study, we hope to de-mystify the patent prosecution process and better prepare electrochemical and solid-state scientists, engineers and technologists to interact with their patent counsel regarding their inventions.
Tech Highlights - Spring 2022
Authors: Galloway Joshua , McNulty David , Liu Chao (Gilbert) , Liu Zenghe , Karuppaiah Chock , Pile Donald
Published: March 2022

A collection of technology highlights pulled from recent papers published in ECS journals.