bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Heat of Hydride Formation by Graph Neural Network ‐ Exploring the Structure–Property Relation for Metal Hydrides
Authors: Batalović Katarina , Radaković Jana , Paskaš Mamula Bojana , Kuzmanović Bojana , Medić Ilić Mirjana
Published: July 2022

Theoretical tools or structure–property relations that enable the prediction of metal hydrides are of enormous interest in developing new hydrogen storage materials. Density functional theory (DFT) is one such approach that provides accurate hydride formation energies, which, if complemented with vibrational zero‐point energy and other contributions, provides accurate hydride formation enthalpies. However, this approach is time consuming and, therefore, often avoided, hindering the modeling of experimental behavior. The recent implementation of graph neural networks (GNN) in materials science enables fast prediction of crystal formation energy with a DFT accuracy. Starting from the MatErials Graph Network (MEGNet), transfer learning is applied to develop a model for predicting hydride formation enthalpy based on the crystal structure of the starting intermetallic. Excellent accuracy is achieved for Mg‐containing alloys, allowing the screening of the Mg─Ni─M ternary intermetallics. In addition, data containing matching experimental properties and crystal structure of metal hydrides are provided, enabling future development.
A Vis‐SWIR Photonic Synapse with Low Power Consumption Based on WSe2/In2Se3 Ferroelectric Heterostructure
Authors: Li Xuan , Li Shuo , Tang Bin , Liao Jianhui , Chen Qing
Published: July 2022

Neuromorphic visual sensory and memory systems that can sense, learn and memorize optical information have great potential in many areas such as image recognition and autonomous driving. However, most current artificial neuromorphic vision technology is suffering from large power consumptions (>100 pJ per switching), high circuitry complexity, and difficulty in miniaturization due to the physical separation of the optic sensing, processing, and memory units. Here, a photonic neuromorphic device based on WSe2/In2Se3 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure is developed to meet the requirements of high‐performance photonic synapse devices. Owing to the optically controlled ferroelectric polarization switching, the device shows light‐tunable synaptic functions. For the first time, the light‐stimulated synaptic behavior extends from visible light to short‐wavelength infrared region (up to 1800 nm). Taking advantage of the ultra‐low dark current of the heterojunction, the power consumption of the photonic synapse can be as low as 258 fJ per switching under a bias of −0.1 V, comparable to biological synapses. These findings demonstrate a novel photonic synapse, deepen the understanding of light‐controlled polarization switching in semiconducting ferroelectric materials, and open up new application fields in multifunctional electronic and photonic devices based on 2D ferroelectric vdW heterostructures.
Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electro‐Catalyzed by Ultrasmall Pt@Mn Core‐Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Ren Shi‐Wen , Wu Zhen‐Yu , Chen Ri‐Le , Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Zhou Wei
Published: July 2022

Electro‐catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as the positive electrode reaction, is significant to the performance of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Toward ORR, ultra‐small Pt@Mn core‐shell nanoparticles catalysts supported on Ketjen black are synthesized by a simple one‐pot hydrothermal method. TEM results show that the Pt@Mn/C nanoparticles with an average size of 3∼4 nm are uniformly distributed on the carbon surface. ORR performance of the electrocatalysts shows that Pt@Mn/C exhibits better oxygen reduction activity than Pt/C (20 wt %) in a KOH solution. Methanol tolerance ability as well as the durability of the Pt@Mn/C is also superior to the performance of Pt/C, suggesting an enhanced ORR activity upon the introduction of Mn.
Terminal angle constrained time‐varying sliding mode guidance law with autopilot dynamics and input saturation
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Lan Ge , Yang Yefeng , Lu Hongqian , Huang Xianlin
Published: July 2022

To intercept the maneuvering target at a desired terminal angle, this paper presents a time‐varying sliding mode guidance law with consideration of the second‐order autopilot dynamics and input saturation. To achieve the finite‐time interception and satisfactory overload characteristics, a time‐varying sliding mode guidance law is developed, which enables the line‐of‐sight (LOS) angle error to converge into a small neighborhood of the origin at the interception time. An auxiliary system is constructed to reduce the adverse effect generated from the input saturation. Moreover, with the aid of extended state observers, the proposed guidance law requires no information on the target acceleration and the acceleration derivative of the interceptor. The performance of this guidance law is verified via the numerical simulations.
The role of biomass energy consumption and economic complexity on environmental sustainability in G7 economies
Authors: Shahzad Umer , Elheddad Mohamed , Swart Julia , Ghosh Sudeshna , Dogan Buhari
Published: July 2022

This paper empirically examines the effect of biomass energy consumption and economic complexity on environmental sustainability in G7 economies. The current study attempts to report a comprehensive analysis of biomass energy and economic complexity on ecological and carbon footprints and carbon emissions. We employ data from 1990 to 2019 and adopt robust panel econometric techniques that account for the analysis's cross‐sectional dependence. We conduct cointegration analysis, pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), system generalized method of moments (GMM) and conditional quantile model for our empirical analysis. The empirical findings show that both biomass energy consumption and economic complexity are detrimental to the ecological footprint and carbon footprint. Additionally, we find that globalization positively affects the environment, while we find some evidence that bureaucratic quality improves environmental quality. Finally, in line with other research, we find that economic growth has detrimental effects on the environment. Our results suggest that policymakers should be more cautious in promoting biomass as a clean energy source and that the G7 economies should take advantage of their leading position in innovation to invest more in sustainable practices and investment.
4′‐C‐Aminoethoxy‐Modified DNAs Exhibit Increased Nuclease Resistance, Sustained RNase H Activity, and Inhibition of KRAS Gene Expression
Authors: Katsuzaki Yuki , Tsukimura Ryo , Chandela Akash , Chano Tokuhiro , Ueno Yoshihito
Published: July 2022

The linear synthesis of 4′‐C‐aminoethoxy thymidine (AEoT) nucleoside phosphoramidite was accomplished using deoxythymidine as the starting material. This analog was incorporated into several oligonucleotides, the applicability of which as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) was then evaluated. The AEoT‐modified DNA/RNA duplex exhibited improved thermal stability compared to unmodified and 4′‐C‐aminoethyl thymidine (4′‐AET) modified heteroduplexes. The serum stability of AEoT‐modified DNA was notably increased by several‐folds compared to that of unmodified DNA. Furthermore, RNase H‐dependent cleavage of the modified‐DNA/RNA hybrids was found to be sustained. In addition, the modified antisense and unmodified oligonucleotides also displayed relatively comparable inhibition of the KRAS gene in human lung cancer cells. This study strengthens our understanding of the potential application of 4′‐C‐aminoethoxy‐modified nucleotides as ASO therapeutics.
Cladosporioles A and B, Two New Indole Derivatives from the Deep‐Sea‐Derived Fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides 170056
Authors: Zou Zheng‐Biao , Chen Liang‐Hua , Hu Man‐Yi , Xu Lin , Hao You‐Jia , Yan Qing‐Xiang , Wang Chao‐Feng , Xie Chun‐Lan , Yang Xian‐Wen
Published: July 2022

Two new (cladosporioles A and B, 1 and 2) and fourteen known (3–16) compounds were isolated from the deep‐sea‐derived fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides 170056. The relative structures of the new compounds were elucidated mainly by detailed analysis of their NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS spectroscopic data. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. All isolates were tested for antimicrobial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Compound 15 exhibited weak effect with the MIC value of 156.25 μg/mL.
ChemPlot, a Python Library for Chemical Space Visualization
Authors: Cihan Sorkun Murat , Mullaj Dajt , Koelman J. M. Vianney A. , Er Süleyman
Published: July 2022

Invited for this month's cover is the Autonomous Energy Materials Discovery [AMD] Group of Dr. Süleyman Er at DIFFER, and colleagues at CCER and Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands). The cover picture shows the ChemPlot‐visualized reduced chemical space of molecules enhanced with two‐dimensional illustrations of molecules. In addition to being easy‐to‐use, free and open source, a noteworthy feature of ChemPlot is the application of tailored similarity for the property‐sensitive visualization of chemical spaces. ChemPlot streamlines the analysis of molecular datasets by reducing the information to human perception level, tackling the activity/property cliff problem, and facilitating the assessment of the applicability domain of machine learning models in molecular studies. Read the full text of their Research Article at 10.1002/cmtd.202200005.
Multi‐objective reliability‐based workflow scheduler: An elastic and persuasive task scheduler based uponmodified‐flowerpollination algorithm in cloud environment
Authors: Miglani Neha , Sharma Gaurav , Khurana Savita
Published: July 2022

This research article formulates contemporary approach named multi‐objective reliability‐based workflow scheduler. Numerous strategies have been proposed in the past to prioritize and map the tasks to cloud resources. Though the recent studies lead to efficient solutions however they are restrained in terms of performance due to lack of resource consideration based on utilization rate and reliability index. It is crucial to consider reliability parameter while mapping tasks onto the virtual machines and not just the reliability value, but the cost incurred must also be minimized. To this end, the proposed strategy has been categorized into four modules, (i) scrutiny of reliable VMs, (ii) task ranking, (iii) optimizing the task re‐ordering using flower pollination optimization, and (iv) task mapping onto the VM. It intends to map task onto the most suitable machine in terms of makespan, efficiency, and incurred cost. In the experimental setup, four scientific workflows have been considered namely, LIGO, Genome, Cybershake, and Montage, they have been tested on the proposed approach while making comparison with the existing approaches namely FPA, GWO, and GA. The simulation results justified the claims by allocating resources to the cloudlets efficiently and stabilizing all the aforementioned parameters by attaining performance measures adequately.
Encourage Universal Design practices across campus
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: July 2022

Cindy Poore‐Pariseau, Ph.D., Director of the Office of Disability Services at Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences and a new Advisory Board member for Disability Compliance for Higher Education, shared tips for encouraging faculty and staff members to adopt Universal Design principles.
Employee Accommodations
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: July 2022

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Human NK cells responses are enhanced by CD56 engagement
Authors: Picard Lea Katharina , Claus Maren , Fasbender Frank , Watzl Carsten
Published: July 2022

Natural Killer (NK) cells are important innate lymphocytes for effective immune responses against intracellular pathogens and tumors. CD56 is a well‐known marker for human NK cells, but there is very limited information about a functional role of this surface receptor. Here, we show that engagement of CD56 can induce NK cell activation resulting in degranulation, IFN‐γ secretion and morphological changes, making CD56 a potential co‐activating receptor in NK cells. Interestingly, this effect was only observed in cytokine pre‐activated and not in freshly isolated human NK cells, demonstrating that NK cell reactivity upon CD56 engagement was dependent on cytokine stimulation. Inhibition of Syk, PI3K, Erk, and src‐family‐kinases impaired CD56‐mediated NK cell stimulation. Finally, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to delete CD56 from primary human NK cells. While this abolished the stimulatory effect of CD56 on pre‐activated NK cells, the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against several tumor target cells was not affected by the absence of CD56. This demonstrates that the stimulating effect of CD56 on pre‐activated NK cells does not have a major impact on their cytotoxic activity, but it may contribute to the function of CD56 as a fungal recognition receptor and in the NK cell developmental synapse.
Elimination of light chain tailing in reducing capillary electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate analysis of a monoclonal antibody
Authors: Wang Si‐Tao , Gao Han , Shen Bin‐Bin , Wang Haibin , Fang Wei‐Jie
Published: July 2022

Capillary electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE‐SDS) is a common analytical technique for investigating the purity and molecular size heterogeneity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs. In reducing CE‐SDS analysis of mAb‐A, the light chain (LC) peak exhibited severe tailing, seriously affecting the purity analysis. The purposes of this investigation are to clarify the source of tailing and develop a more appropriate CE‐SDS method to eliminate LC tailing. The degree of LC tailing was closely related to the mAb concentration, SDS concentration, and injection amount, and more hydrophobic detergents, such as sodium hexadecyl sulfate (SHS) and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), could be used instead of SDS to obtain better peak shapes. The results also indicated that the tailing was caused by the binding problem associated with SDS, and SHS/STS could provide a more stable and uniform complexation for the LC. In summary, the method we developed successfully eliminated the LC tailing and provided a robust characterization of mAb‐A in reducing CE‐SDS analysis.
How is the medical service efficiency in China? An empirical analysis using stochastic frontier approach and gravity models
Authors: Wen Faguang , Fang Xue , Shan Ang , Khanal Ribesh , Huang Jin
Published: July 2022

The COVID‐19 has heightened the focus of medical services. Scientifically evaluating the efficiency of medical services and defining their spatial transmission relationship is crucial for the rational allocation of health resources and the accomplishment of balanced regional medical service growth. We used a Stochastic Frontier Model to calculate medical service performance in Chinese provinces and the Gravity Model to study the spatial relationship of medical service performance across provinces using data from 2009 to 2018. We discover that: (1) population density and proportion of technical personnel are significantly positively correlated with the efficiency of regional medical services, whereas health institution density has a significantly negative influence. Their respective influence coefficients were 1.717, 0.647, and 0.407. (2) In China, the regional development of medical service efficiency is unbalanced. The east, middle, and west multi‐year average medical service efficiency were 0.65, 0.46, and 0.53, respectively, and their gaps were narrowing; the south and north average efficiency were 0.591, 0.516, respectively, and their gaps were widening. (3) Our medical efficiency network is not yet widespread in the country. Hubei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Beijing were at the centre of the medical efficiency network, driving and connecting the nation's medical service. Our findings offer specific recommendations for better understanding and improving the efficiency of medical services.
A novel hybrid artificial neural network technique for the early skin cancer diagnosis using color space conversions of original images
Authors: Tajjour Salwan , Garg Sonia , Chandel Shyam Singh , Sharma Diksha
Published: July 2022

In this study, an innovative hybrid machine learning‐technique is used for the early skin cancer diagnosis fusing Convolutional Neural Network and Multilayer Perceptron to analyze images and information related to the skin cancer. This information is extracted manually after applying different color space conversions on the original images for better screening of the lesions. The proposed architecture is compared with standalone architecture in addition to some other techniques by commonly used evaluation metrics. HAM10000 dataset is used for training and testing as this data contain seven different skin lesions. The novelty of the proposed hybrid model is the structure of the network which handles structured data (patients' metadata and other useful features from different color spaces related to the illumination, energy, darkness, etc.) and unstructured data (images). The results show an overall 86%, 95% top‐1 and top‐2 accuracy respectively, and 96% area under the curve for the seven classes. The study demonstrates the superiority of the proposed hybrid model with a 2% improvement in the accuracy over the standalone model and a promising behavior as compared to the ensemble techniques. The follow‐up research will include more patient data to develop a skin cancer detection device.
Dysosteosclerosis: Clinical and Radiological Evolution Reflecting Genetic Heterogeneity
Authors: Turan Serap , Mumm Steven , Alavanda Ceren , Kaygusuz Betul Sare , Gurpinar Tosun Busra , Arman Ahmet , Huskey Margaret , Guran Tulay , Duan Shenghui , Bereket Abdullah , Whyte Michael P.
Published: July 2022

Dysosteosclerosis (DSS), the term coined in 1968 for ultrarare dysplasia of the skeleton featuring platyspondyly with focal appendicular osteosclerosis, has become generic by encompassing the genetic heterogeneity recently reported for this phenotype. We studied four unrelated Turkish patients with DSS to advance understanding of the new nosology. Patient 1 suffered femur fractures beginning at age 1 year. DSS was suspected from marked metaphyseal osteosclerosis in early childhood and subsequently platyspondyly accompanying patchy osteosclerosis of her appendicular skeleton. She harbored in SLC29A3, in 2012 the first gene associated with DSS, a unique homozygous duplication (c.303_320dup, p.102_107dupYFESYL). Patient 2 presented similarly with fractures and metaphyseal osteosclerosis but with no platyspondyly at age 2 months. She was homozygous for a novel nonsense mutation in SLC29A3 (c.1284C>G, p.Tyr428*). Patient 3 had ocular disease at age 2 years, presented for short stature at age 11 years, and did not begin to fracture until age 16 years. Radiographs showed mild platyspondyly and focal metaphyseal and femoral osteosclerosis. She was homozygous for a unique splice site mutation in TNFRSF11A (c.616+3A>G). Patient 4 at age 2 years manifested developmental delay and frequent infections but did not fracture. He had unique metadiaphyseal splaying and osteosclerosis, vertebral end‐plate osteosclerosis, and cortical thinning of long bones but no mutation was detected of SLC29A3, TNFRSF11A, TCIRG1, LRRK1, or CSF1R associated with DSS. We find that DSS from defective SLC29A3 presents earliest and with fractures. DSS from compromised TNFRSF11A can lead to optic atrophy as an early finding. Negative mutation analysis in patient 4 suggests further genetic heterogeneity underlying the skeletal phenotype of DSS. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Clinical Challenges in Diagnosis, Tumor Localization and Treatment of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: Outcome of a Retrospective Surveillance
Authors: Hidaka Naoko , Koga Minae , Kimura Soichiro , Hoshino Yoshitomo , Kato Hajime , Kinoshita Yuka , Makita Noriko , Nangaku Masaomi , Horiguchi Kazuhiko , Furukawa Yasushi , Ohnaka Keizo , Inagaki Kenichi , Nakagawa Atsushi , Suzuki Atsushi , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Fukumoto Seiji , Nakatani Fumihiko , Ito Nobuaki
Published: July 2022

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an acquired fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-related hypophosphatemic osteomalacia caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs) developed in the bone or soft tissue. Diagnostic delay should be addressed, and ideal techniques to localize PMTs and efficient treatment options should be explored to improve the outcomes of this rare disease. To clarify the detailed clinical course and outcomes of TIO patients, retrospective questionnaire surveys were conducted among physicians from the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research (JSBMR) and the Japan Endocrine Society (JES). The primary survey collected the number of TIO patients between January 2007 and December 2018. The secondary survey aimed to obtain the detailed characteristics, laboratory data, and outcomes. Eighty-eight patients (52 males, mean: 52 years old) were included, and 24 patients were clinically diagnosed with TIO without localized PMTs. The median duration from the onset to detection of high FGF23 levels was 3.4 years, with 77 patients being initially misdiagnosed. Among the methods used to detect small, localized PMTs (≤10 mm), fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy were less sensitive than somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (SRPET/CT). Systemic venous sampling (SVS) of FGF23 was performed in 53 patients; among them, SVS was considered useful for detecting localized PMTs in 45 patients with diverse tumor sizes. Finally, 45 patients achieved biochemical remission by surgery, 39 patients continued pharmaceutical treatment, including burosumab (11 patients), and four patients died. These results encouraged us to further increase the awareness of TIO and to improve the accessibility of SRPET/CT and SVS. Further evidence about the efficacy of new pharmaceutical treatments is awaited. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Catalysis-Independent ENPP1 Protein Signaling Regulates Mammalian Bone Mass
Authors: Zimmerman Kristin , Liu Xiaochen , von Kroge Simon , Stabach Paul , Lester Ethan R. , Chu Emily Y. , Srivastava Shivani , Somerman Martha J. , Tommasini Steven M. , Busse Björn , Schinke Thorsten , Carpenter Thomas O. , Oheim Ralf , Braddock Demetrios T.
Published: July 2022

Biallelic ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) deficiency induces vascular/soft tissue calcifications in generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), and low bone mass with phosphate-wasting rickets in GACI survivors (autosomal hypophosphatemic rickets type-2). ENPP1 haploinsufficiency induces early-onset osteoporosis and mild phosphate wasting in adults. Both conditions demonstrate the unusual combination of reduced accrual of skeletal mineral, yet excess and progressive heterotopic mineralization. ENPP1 is the only enzyme that generates extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of both bone and heterotopic mineralization. Life-threatening vascular calcification in ENPP1 deficiency is due to decreased plasma PPi; however, the mechanism by which osteopenia results is not apparent from an understanding of the enzyme's catalytic activity. To probe for catalysis-independent ENPP1 pathways regulating bone, we developed a murine model uncoupling ENPP1 protein signaling from ENPP1 catalysis, Enpp1T238A mice. In contrast to Enpp1asj mice, which lack ENPP1, Enpp1T238A mice have normal trabecular bone microarchitecture and favorable biomechanical properties. However, both models demonstrate low plasma Pi and PPi, increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and by 23 weeks, osteomalacia demonstrating equivalent phosphate wasting in both models. Reflecting findings in whole bone, calvarial cell cultures from Enpp1asj mice demonstrated markedly decreased calcification, elevated transcription of Sfrp1, and decreased nuclear β-catenin signaling compared to wild-type (WT) and Enpp1T238A cultures. Finally, the decreased calcification and nuclear β-catenin signaling observed in Enpp1asj cultures was restored to WT levels by knockout of Sfrp1. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that catalysis-independent ENPP1 signaling pathways regulate bone mass via the expression of soluble Wnt inhibitors such as secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), whereas catalysis dependent pathways regulate phosphate homeostasis through the regulation of plasma FGF23. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Similarities Between Disuse and Age-Induced Bone Loss
Authors: Buettmann Evan G. , Goldscheitter Galen M. , Hoppock Gabriel A. , Friedman Michael A. , Suva Larry J. , Donahue Henry J.
Published: July 2022

Disuse and aging are known risk factors associated with low bone mass and quality deterioration, resulting in increased fracture risk. Indeed, current and emerging evidence implicate a large number of shared skeletal manifestations between disuse and aging scenarios. This review provides a detailed overview of current preclinical models of musculoskeletal disuse and the clinical scenarios they seek to recapitulate. We also explore and summarize the major similarities between bone loss after extreme disuse and advanced aging at multiple length scales, including at the organ/tissue, cellular, and molecular level. Specifically, shared structural and material alterations of bone loss are presented between disuse and aging, including preferential loss of bone at cancellous sites, cortical thinning, and loss of bone strength due to enhanced fragility. At the cellular level bone loss is accompanied, during disuse and aging, by increased bone resorption, decreased formation, and enhanced adipogenesis due to altered gap junction intercellular communication, WNT/β-catenin and RANKL/OPG signaling. Major differences between extreme short-term disuse and aging are discussed, including anatomical specificity, differences in bone turnover rates, periosteal modeling, and the influence of subject sex and genetic variability. The examination also identifies potential shared mechanisms underlying bone loss in aging and disuse that warrant further study such as collagen cross-linking, advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, cellular senescence, and altered lacunar-canalicular connectivity (mechanosensation). Understanding the shared structural alterations, changes in bone cell function, and molecular mechanisms common to both extreme disuse and aging are paramount to discovering therapies to combat both age-related and disuse-induced osteoporosis. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Sense of community, meaning in life, and satisfaction with life among Ultra‐Orthodox Jews: A mediation model
Authors: Klonover Eyal , Maytles Ruth , Trachtingot Itschak , Bergman Yoav S.
Published: July 2022

The Ultra‐Orthodox community in Israel, characterized by close‐knit ties and strong community values, has been particularly vulnerable to COVID‐19, both epidemiologically and socially. Accordingly, the current study examined whether the connection between the sense of community and life satisfaction in this population is mediated by meaning in life (MIL). Three hundred and fifty‐eight Ultra‐Orthodox participants (age range: 30−70; M = 49.50, SD = 10.24) filled out scales assessing MIL, sense of community, and satisfaction with life (SWL), as well as sociodemographic and COVID‐19‐related scales. Sense of community was linked with increased MIL and life satisfaction. Moreover, the connection between sense of community and life satisfaction was mediated by MIL. This study highlights the roles of sense of community and MIL for Ultra‐Orthodox individuals and emphasizes the importance of both concepts for maintaining SWL during COVID‐19. Practical implications for Ultra‐Orthodox communities are suggested.
Training competencies in adult metabolic medicine: A survey of working adult metabolic medicine physicians
Authors: Sirrs Sandra , Fabbro Elisa , Sechi Annalisa ,   for the SSIEM Adult Metabolic Medicine Training Competencies Working Group
Published: July 2022

The rapid expansion of the number of adult patients with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) has created demand for physicians with expertise in the field of adult metabolic medicine (AMM). Unfortunately, existing accredited training programs in this field are rare, and training programs in pediatric metabolic medicine cannot fully meet the needs of AMM physicians as the types of patients and the problems they face are different in the adult setting. We surveyed a group of working practitioners in AMM for input on what medical expert competencies they feel should be included as part of training programs in AMM. Through a modified Delphi process, 66 physicians from six continents reached consensus on a comprehensive list of training competencies in AMM. This list includes competencies from the fields of adult internal medicine, neurology, medical genetics, and pediatric metabolic medicine but also includes competencies not found in any of those programs, leading to the conclusion that the training needs for specialists in AMM cannot be met from any of these existing programs. We propose that AMM be considered a subspecialty separate from pediatric metabolic medicine and that accredited training programs in AMM be created using these medical expert competencies as part of a broader program design.
Minority groups in entrepreneurship
Authors: Marques Carla Susana , Braga Vitor , Ferreira João J. , Smith Helen Lawton
Published: July 2022

Minority groups contribute to the economic growth and development of local, regional, and national economies.
Robustness of fecal DNA spatial capture‐recapture to clustered space‐use by tule elk
Authors: Batter Thomas J. , Bush Joshua P. , Sacks Benjamin N.
Published: July 2022

Spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SCR) approaches using noninvasive fecal DNA (fDNA) are applied increasingly to obtain statistically robust abundance estimates for various wildlife species. But SCR has not been widely used for more gregarious species, such as elk (Cervus canadensis). Because of their heterogeneous use of the landscape and grouping behavior, elk present novel challenges to sampling efficiency and statistical assumptions. We employed fDNA SCR and a stratified random sampling approach to estimate abundance in 3 northern California tule elk (C. c. nannodes) populations concurrent with global positioning system (GPS)‐telemetry monitoring of 66 elk (32 male, 34 female) in Colusa and Lake counties, California, USA, during June–August 2017–2019. We collected 1,616 fecal pellet groups from the 3 populations, resulting in 1,002 fDNA genotypes (≥19 microsatellite loci, 1 sex marker) of 425 unique individuals. Based on SCR estimates from a model incorporating both sexes, elk density ranged from 0.31 (95% CI = 0.17–0.55) elk/km2to 1.7 (95% CI = 1.3–2.2) elk/km2, translating approximately to 650 individuals (evenly split between sexes) among the 3 populations. Independent telemetry data from concurrently tracked individuals indicated that activity centers of females, but not males, were clustered on the landscape. This finding was corroborated using fDNA to infer activity centers. Comparison of SCR estimates to non‐spatial estimates using physically captured individuals suggested that combined‐sex SCR models were robust to spatial clustering of females in all 3 populations. Additionally, single‐sex models were robust to female clustering in the 2 populations with multiple female groups, but not in Lake Pillsbury, where all females effectively shared a single activity center. In that case, the estimate of female abundance was deemed an overestimate. Thus, results indicate that SCR was robust to gregariousness in elk in all but the most extreme cases of clustering (single‐sex female estimation when all individuals share a single activity center), and that the inclusion of both sexes was sufficient to offset biases stemming from aggregation of females in all cases. Altogether, our findings suggest that SCR methods can be gainfully applied to socially gregarious ungulates such as elk.
Preliminary study to determine an optimal mode for favorable residual hearing at low frequencies: Full electrical stimulation, electric acoustic stimulation, and electrical complement
Authors: Jang Jeong Hun , Kim Hantai , Choo Oak‐Sung , Ha Jungho , Mun Hyoung Ah , Park Hun Yi , Choung Yun‐Hoon
Published: July 2022

Objective

In this prospective study, each subject experienced three modes electric acoustic stimulation (EAS), full electrical stimulation (FES), and electrical complement (EC), and the performance of each mode and subject preference were evaluated.

Methods

Eight ears (seven patients) with successfully preserved residual hearing after cochlear implantation (CI) were included. EAS, FES, and EC programs were set up on each patient's device, and each mode was used for at least 1 h per day for a month. The Speech Intelligibility test, the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale, and the Hearing in Noise test (HINT) results in each stimulation mode.

Results

The mean monosyllabic word score (EAS: 90.3 ± 4.0; FES: 81.2 ± 16.1) and the mean sentence score (EAS: 98.3 ± 1.7; FES: 95.0 ± 3.0) were significantly higher in the EAS mode than in the FES mode. The mean bisyllabic word score (EAS: 95.6 ± 5.6; EC: 90.1 ± 5.6) was higher in the EAS mode than in the EC mode. In HINT, the signal‐to‐noise ratios under the noise front (EAS: 4.7 ± 2.5; FES: 7.9 ± 4.4) and noise composite conditions (EAS: 4.2 ± 2.7; FES: 6.6 ± 4.0) were significantly smaller in the EAS mode than in the FES mode. After trials of the three modes, five subjects preferred EAS, one preferred EC, and two preferred FES.

Conclusion

Among the three stimulation modes, EAS produced slightly better results, and subjects generally preferred EAS (five of seven patients, 71.4%). The use of hearing aids before CI was considered an important factor in mode preference. FES may be preferred when CI was performed at a young age and subjects had little experience with hearing aids. However, adults may prefer EC over EAS if there was little or no hearing‐aid use before CI.
Electrochemical corrosion behavior of Ti‐3Mo alloy under different accelerated corrosion tests
Authors: Huang Youcong , Zheng Zhongnan , Fu Zhiwei , Zhang Ying , Xu Jun , Chen Shaokang , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2022

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of Ti‐3Mo alloys under different accelerated corrosion tests including seawater corrosion, soil corrosion, and stray current corrosion was investigated. Results showed that the icorr value gradually increased with the increase of NaCl/Na2SO4 concentration, indicating a worsening corrosion resistance of Ti‐3Mo alloy. The presence of stray current seriously destroyed the oxide film on the sample surface, and inhibited the regeneration of oxide film, thereby resulting in the deterioration of corrosion resistance. Besides this, the potential difference between duplex phases was prone to form a microgalvanic coupling, which promoted the dissolution of local regions.
Development and Validation of a Fall Questionnaire for Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Frank Anika , Bendig Jonas , Finkbeiner Sophia , Hähnel Tom , Schnalke Nils , Feige Tim , Reichmann Heinz , Falkenburger Björn H.
Published: July 2022

Background

In Parkinson's disease, postural instability and falls are of particular socioeconomic relevance. Although effective fall prevention and the prophylaxis of fall‐related injuries depend on low‐threshold symptom monitoring, validated instruments are lacking.

Objectives

To develop a self‐report questionnaire for the assessment of falls, near falls, fear of falling, fall‐related injuries, and causes of falls for patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD).

Methods

A pool of potential items was generated from a literature review and by discussion in an expert panel. The first version of the Dresden Fall Questionnaire (DREFAQ) was tested in a group of German‐speaking movement disorder specialists as well as PwPD. The resulting 5‐item questionnaire was assessed in a validation cohort of 36 PwPD who documented fall events and near‐fall events in a calendar for 3 months and completed the DREFAQ at the end of the study. The questionnaire was subsequently used in a separate cohort of 46 PwPD to determine test–retest reliability and confirm the factor structure.

Results

The DREFAQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.84) and good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–0.86). The total DREFAQ score showed good concurrent validity with fall events (Spearman's ρ = 0.82) and near‐fall events (Spearman's ρ = 0.78) as determined by fall and near‐fall diaries. Factor analysis revealed a 2‐factor structure composed of near falls with fear of falling and severe falls with injuries.

Conclusions

The DREFAQ is a reliable and valid 5‐item questionnaire for determining the incidence of falls, near falls, fear of falling, fall‐related injuries, and causes of falls in PwPD.
CCBHC expansion seen as highlight of new federal gun safety measure
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2022

Unlike federal mental health legislation that often materializes only after months or years of advocacy, the provisions of the newly signed Bipartisan Safer Communities Act all but fell into the lap of the mental health community last month. That it took another high‐profile act of gun violence (the Uvalde, Texas school shooting) for this to happen isn't generally dampening advocates' enthusiasm over the new legislation.
Dispersion of soybean flour in dicyclopentadiene resin for thermoset composite using the ultrasonic‐assisted method
Authors: Ma Fei , Zhang Yuehong , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Liu Leipeng
Published: July 2022

Thermosetting composites based on dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) in the presence of Grubbs' catalyst and soybean flour were prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. Soybean flour/DCPD suspensions were sonicated to enhance the dispersion degree before adding catalyst. The curing extent, thermal‐mechanical properties, morphology and thermal stability of the cured soybean flour/DCPD composites were systematically investigated using Soxhlet extraction, DSC, DMA, TMA, tensile test, SEM, and TGA. The results showed that the tensile strength of the soybean flour/DCPD composites increased from 60.7 MPa to 75.8 MPa with the increase of soybean flour loading from 0% to 25%, and the Tg obtained from DMA also showed an increasing trend from 129.4°C to 155.1°C. Overall, the introduction of soybean flour into DCPD resin improved the thermal‐mechanical properties of the composite and offered decreased cost and enhanced bio‐based content.
Investigation of the properties of PA6/PA610 blends and glass fiber reinforced PA6/PA610 composites
Authors: Artykbaeva Elnura , Ucpinar Durmaz Bedriye , Aksoy (Golshaei) Pelin (Parisa) , Aytac Ayse
Published: July 2022

Polyamide (PA) is the mostwidely used type of semi‐crystalline polymer among engineering plastics, with its low density and high mechanical properties. But the high moisture absorption of PA6 limits its use in some areas. Blending and the addition of reinforcement can decrease the moisture absorption value of PA6. In this research, the PA6/PA610 blends and glass fiber (GF) reinforced PA6/PA610 composites were fabricated, and the features of these blends‐composites were examined. The blends and composites were produced by using extrusion and injection molding methods and characterized by water absorption (WA) test, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The loading rates of GF were used as 10–20‐ 30–40 wt%. According to the tensile test consequences, the highest increase in the tensile strength for the composites was observed at 30% GF ratio. DMA results demonstrated an increase in loss modulus and storage with the increasing fiber amount. It is observed that the WA value of neat PA6 was diminished by blending with PA610 and adding an increasing amount of GF.
The NVP QOL Questionnaire: Psychometric properties of the self‐report measure of health‐related quality of life for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
Authors: Yamada Fukiko , Kataoka Yaeko , Minatani Mariko , Hada Ayako , Wakamatsu Mikiyo , Kitamura Toshinori
Published: July 2022

Aim

The Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy Quality of Life (NVP QOL) Questionnaire is a self‐report measure of health‐related QOL for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. This study determines the best fitting factor structure for the NVP QOL Questionnaire and explores its measurement invariance in terms of observation time and parity.

Methods

A test–retest study of pregnant women was conducted at Gestational Weeks (GWs) 10–13 (T1: N = 381) and 1 week later (T2: n = 128) at one hospital and five clinics with the NVP QOL and the Pregnancy‐Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to compare different factor structure models and evaluate measurement invariance of the best fitting model between two time points and between primiparas and multiparas. Concurrent validity of the NVP QOL was clarified by correlations with the PUQE, Sheehan Disability Scale, and other scales.

Results

The one‐factor model had the best fit. This factor structure model was acceptable up to the factor invariance level for two time points and up to the factor mean level for primiparas versus multiparas. Correlations between NVP QOL, PUQE, and Sheehan Disability Scale scores were strong. Women with higher NVP QOL scores were more likely to lose weight, have lower daily fluid intake, have reduced fluid and food intake since pregnancy began, and receive outpatient or inpatient treatment.

Conclusion

The one‐factor structure and measurement invariance of the NVP QOL at different times and parities were demonstrated, suggesting that the NVP QOL can be used to evaluate primiparas and multiparas in a longitudinal study.
Screening of mixing parameters based on their significance on the extent of silanization and energy consumption of silica‐filled S‐SBR elastomer compounds for fuel‐saving tyre application
Authors: Neethirajan Jeevanandham , Natarajan Tamil Selvan , Dayalan Sathish , Patel Bharat , Rajasekar V. , Kuriakose Job , Rama Krishnan S. , Naskar Kinsuk
Published: July 2022

Increasingly stringent in demand for a fuel‐saving tyre with low rolling resistance, the application of silica filler is governing the tyre industry day by day. Unlike carbon black filled rubber compound, silica compound is rather complicated as it demands, a reactive mixing where, mixing parameters of internal mixer play a vital role in the degree of silanization reaction. In this paper, a design of experiments (DOE) is carried out to screen the factors that significantly affect the silanization reaction during mixing. Taguchi method with L18 orthogonal array is employed to determine the significance of mixing parameters on the degree of silanization reaction. To quantify the significance of each mixing parameter on silanization, such as mixing temperature, mixing time, fill factor, feed door condition, ram pressure, and temperature control unit of Banbury mixer are explored. Key properties like Tan δ at 60°C, reinforcement index, and Payne effect (∆G') are considered responses for the DOE. It was observed that the silanization temperature and time were the most influencing factor in silanization using the contribution plot. In contrast, ram pressure and feed door condition have the least significance on the degree of silanization.
Kompressibles Quantengas aus Licht
Authors: Busley Erik , Espert Miranda Leon , Weitz Martin , Schmitt Julian
Published: July 2022

Thermodynamische Konzepte, die bislang nur in Systemen aus massiven Teilchen beobachtet werden konnten, lassen sich auch auf Photonengase übertragen. Dazu gehört insbesondere die isotherme Kompressibilität, die ein Maß für die innere Gegenkraft eines Mediums als Antwort auf eine äußere Volumenreduktion bei konstanter Temperatur angibt. In unseren Experimenten konnten wir erstmals die Kompressibilität und die Zustandsgleichung eines homogenen Photonengases messen. Dies geschah unter klassischen sowie quantenstatistischen Bedingungen, anhand der aus einer kontrolliert ausgeübten Kraft resultierenden Dichteveränderung in einem optischen Gas.
Detonation Performance Experiments, Modeling, and Scaling Analysis for Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) High Explosive
Authors: Anderson Eric K. , Chiquete Carlos , Chicas Ritchie I. , Jackson Scott I.
Published: July 2022

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a commonly used high explosive (HE) for detonator, fusing, and booster assemblies. Despite its popularity, detailed detonation performance data is relatively sparse. The large operational density range of PETN requires a significant number of tests to characterize experimentally. Additionally, its short reaction zone requires test assemblies to be very small relative to other common explosives to quantify the effect of confinement and geometry on the explosive performance. In this study, PETN rate sticks and cylinder tests are fielded at the smallest known scales (3‐mm HE diameter) at a density of 1.65 g/cm3. The resulting data verifies that the flow satisfies continuum measurement at this scale, and analysis yields a Detonation Shock Dynamics (DSD) propagation law and Jones‐Wilkins‐Lee (JWL) product EOS for programmed burn detonation modeling. This work also provides the first recorded front shape measurements of PETN. Together with previously obtained data and models for other explosive densities, a scaling analysis is presented of the detonation performance of PETN for a wide range of explosive densities.
Synthesis and Research of Highly Efficient Polyether Demulsifier
Authors: Zhang Yingyu , Liu Hongcheng , Xia G.
Published: July 2022

Separation of oil and water has always been a top priority in the oil industry. In this study, bisphenol A phenolamine resin (BPA) was synthesized from bisphenol A, diethylenetriamine and formaldehyde. With KOH as a catalyst, the initiator, ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) were polycondensed into triblock polyethers with different molecular weights, and then crosslinked to increase the molecular weight. The target product was determined by 1HNMR and FT‐IR, and the synthesis process of triblock polyether demulsifier was optimized by changing the ratio of initiator to head PO, PO to EO and head PO to tail PO. Then, the important influential factors for the demulsification such as the demulsifier concentration, standing time, temperature, pH and Hydrophile‐lipophile balance (HLB) values were investigated. The results suggestted that the optimal synthesis ratio of BPA type triblock polyether demulsifier was as follows: initiator/PO=1 : 109, PO/EO=2 : 1, head PO/ tail PO=1 : 3. Under demulsification conditions, the dehydration temperature was 50 °C, the dosage was 75 mg ⋅ L−1, pH was 7.6 and HLB was 9.1, and the dehydration rate reached 92.5 % in 90 minutes. Compared with the existing demulsifier, the demulsifier has a lower demulsification temperature and higher demulsification efficiency. Therefore, it can be concluded that the polyether demulsifier has potential application for the crude oil dehydration, and the current work may be helpful to explore the demulsification development.