bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Papilloma Virus and Cancer Stem Cell markers in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia—An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors:   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India, Thankappan Prasanth , Ramadoss Madhavan Nirmal ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India, Joseph Tharmasahayam Isaac ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India, Augustine Percy Ida ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India, Shaga Isaacjoseph Bevin ,   Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India, Thilak Jashree ,   International Cancer Center, Neyyoor, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To study the correlation between the putative cancer stem cell (CSC) markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4) and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection using p16, the surrogate marker of HPV in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and normal mucosa. Methods: Five sections each from 40 histopathologically diagnosed cases of different grades of OED and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa without dysplasia were immunohistochemically stained with p16, ALDH1, CD44, SOX2, and OCT4, respectively. Results: Expression of ALDH1 and SOX2 was significantly increased in OED cases, whereas CD44 and OCT4 expression was increased in normal mucosa. P16-positive OED cases showed upregulation of ALDH1 and OCT4 expression as compared to p16-negative cases, while CD44 and SOX2 expression was downregulated in p16-positive OED cases; however, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study indicated a suggestive link between p16 and cancer stem cell marker expression in HPV-associated OED, and that p16 has a significant role in CSC progression in OED. This is the first study to evaluate the expression of putative CSC markers in HPV-associated OED. However, low study numbers are a potential limiting factor in this study.
Response to Letter to the Editor: “First Admission Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio May Indicate Acute Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke”
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey, Alpua Murat , Say Bahar , Yardimci Ilknur , Ergün Ufuk , Kisa Ucler ,   Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey, Ceylan Ozlem Doğan ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
Published: October 2021

We have carefully read and evaluated the letter writ¬ten by Drs Mungmunpuntipantip and Wiwanitkit regarding our article published in the July issue of Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal.
Autodefensas: entre la negociación de la muerte y la gestión de la vida
Authors: Villar Alfredo
Published: October 2021

Los cuerpos, a través de la vida, sus fuerzas y su administración han venido a ser el punto donde se articulan los ejercicios de poder en las sociedades contemporáneas. El caso límite es aquél donde en el proceso de producción se extingue el cuerpo mismo. Las condiciones de violencia tornan al cuerpo en mercancía, al cadáver en moneda y detonan procesos de subjetivación en los cuales la ciudadanía revindica para sí, mediante la fuerza, la posición de administrar justicia. ¿Cuál es el punto donde se origina esta subjetivación? ¿Qué hace a alguien militar en un grupo armado de autodefensa? Para señalar posibles rutas de respuesta a dichas interrogantes, en este texto elaboraremos la noción de vida y su articulaciones tanto bio como necropolíticas, para entonces problematizar las condiciones en que se deviene sujeto de derecho en las violentas condiciones de México, con base en lo que articularemos la sintomatología de un estado necropolítico, las virtualidades mundanas mostradas por los grupos de autodefensa y las gestiones biopolíticas movilizadas para capturar o desactivar tales virtualidades.
Evaluation of homeopathic treatment of Escherichia coli infected swine with indetification of virulence factors involved: Pilot study
Authors: Coelho Cideli de Paula , Vuaden Erlete Rosalina , Soto Francisco Rafael Martins , Melville Priscilla Anne , Oliveira Flavia Carolina Souza de , Bonamin Leoni Villano , Moreno Andrea Micke , Tahan Patricia , Benites Nilson Roberti
Published: October 2021

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic homeopathic treatment of swine diarrhea to achieve a satisfactory balance between weight gain and cost. Methods: Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from 4 piglets with diarrhea, their clinical signs were used to select the adequate homeopathic medicine China officinalis (Chin). Newborn piglets were divided in 4 groups (n=11 or 12): control group treated with the routinely used antimicrobial agent (ceftiofur 4 mg 1 ml/piglet for 3 days); one group with homeopathic medicine Chin 30 cH; one group treated with biotherapy prepared from locally isolated E. coli; and one group was treated with association of Chin and biotherapy. All isolated samples of E. coli were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify virulence factors in each group. Results:There was no difference in the number of animals with diarrhea between groups treated with homeopathic medicine and control; weight gain was greater in groups treated with homeopathic medicine alone and associated with biotherapy compared to control (p
Observations of particle number size distributions and new particle formation in six Indian locations
Authors: Sebastian Mathew , Kompalli Sobhan Kumar , Kumar Anil V. , Jose Sandhya , Babu S. Suresh , Pandithurai ‪Govindan , Singh Sachidanand , Hooda Rakesh K. , Soni Vijay K. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Vakkari Ville , Asmi Eija , Westervelt Daniel M. , Hyvärinen Antti-Pekka , Kanawade Vijay Punjaji
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a crucial process driving aerosol number concentrations in the atmosphere; it can significantly impact the evolution of atmospheric aerosol and cloud processes. This study analyses at least one year of asynchronous particle number size distributions at six different locations in India. We also analyze the frequency of NPF and its contribution to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. We found that the NPF frequency has a considerable seasonal variability. At the measurement sites analyzed in this study, NPF frequently occurs in March–May (pre-monsoon, about 21 % of the days) and is the least common in October–November (post-monsoon, about 7 % of the days). Considering the NPF events in all locations, the particle formation rate (JNUC) varied by more than an order of magnitude (0.01–0.6 cm−3 s−1) and the growth rate (GRNUC) by about three orders of magnitude (0.2–17.2 nm h−1). We found that JNUC was higher by nearly an order of magnitude during NPF events in urban areas than mountain sites. GRNUC did not show a systematic difference. Our results showed that NPF events could significantly modulate the shape of particle number size distributions and CCN concentrations in India. The contribution of a given NPF event to CCN concentrations was the highest in urban locations (4.3 × 103 cm−3 per event and 1.2 × 103 cm−3 per event for 50 nm and 100 nm, respectively) as compared to mountain-background sites (2.7 × 103 cm−3 per event and 1.0 × 103 cm−3 per event). To better understand atmospheric NPF and its contribution to CCN concentrations, we would need long-term observational data from various diverse environments in India, aided with regional model simulations to help interpret field observations.
Mineral dust cycle in the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) Version 2.0
Authors: Klose Martina , Jorba Oriol , Gonçalves Ageitos María , Escribano Jeronimo , Dawson Matthew L. , Obiso Vincenzo , Di Tomaso Enza , Basart Sara , Montané Pinto Gilbert , Macchia Francesca , Ginoux Paul , Guerschman Juan , Prigent Catherine , Huang Yue , Kok Jasper F. , Miller Ron L. , Pérez García-Pando Carlos
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We present the dust module in the Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) version 2.0, a chemical weather prediction system that can be used for regional and global modeling at a range of resolutions. The representations of dust processes in MONARCH were upgraded with a focus on dust emission (emission parameterizations, entrainment thresholds, considerations of soil moisture and surface cover), lower boundary conditions (roughness, potential dust sources), and dust–radiation interactions. MONARCH now allows modeling of global and regional mineral dust cycles using fundamentally different paradigms, ranging from strongly simplified to physics-based parameterizations. We present a detailed description of these updates along with four global benchmark simulations, which use conceptually different dust emission parameterizations, and we evaluate the simulations against observations of dust optical depth. We determine key dust parameters, such as global annual emission/deposition flux, dust loading, dust optical depth, mass-extinction efficiency, single-scattering albedo, and direct radiative effects. For dust-particle diameters up to 20 µm, the total annual dust emission and deposition fluxes obtained with our four experiments range between about 3500 and 6000 Tg, which largely depend upon differences in the emitted size distribution. Considering ellipsoidal particle shapes and dust refractive indices that account for size-resolved mineralogy, we estimate the global total (longwave and shortwave) dust direct radiative effect (DRE) at the surface to range between about −0.90 and −0.63 W m−2 and at the top of the atmosphere between −0.20 and −0.28 W m−2. Our evaluation demonstrates that MONARCH is able to reproduce key features of the spatiotemporal variability of the global dust cycle with important and insightful differences between the different configurations.
Identifying sensitivities in flood frequency analyses using a stochastic hydrologic modeling system
Authors: Newman Andrew J. , Stone Amanda G. , Saharia Manabendra , Holman Kathleen D. , Addor Nans , Clark Martyn P.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This study employs a stochastic hydrologic modeling framework to evaluate the sensitivity of flood frequency analyses to different components of the hydrologic modeling chain. The major components of the stochastic hydrologic modeling chain, including model structure, model parameter estimation, initial conditions, and precipitation inputs were examined across return periods from 2 to 100 000 years at two watersheds
representing different hydroclimates across the western USA. A total of 10 hydrologic model structures were configured, calibrated, and run within the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE) modular modeling
framework for each of the two watersheds. Model parameters and initial
conditions were derived from long-term calibrated simulations using a
100 member historical meteorology ensemble. A stochastic event-based
hydrologic modeling workflow was developed using the calibrated models in
which millions of flood event simulations were performed for each basin. The analysis of variance method was then used to quantify the relative
contributions of model structure, model parameters, initial conditions, and
precipitation inputs to flood magnitudes for different return periods.
Results demonstrate that different components of the modeling chain have
different sensitivities for different return periods. Precipitation inputs
contribute most to the variance of rare floods, while initial conditions are
most influential for more frequent events. However, the hydrological model
structure and structure–parameter interactions together play an equally
important role in specific cases, depending on the basin characteristics and type of flood metric of interest. This study highlights the importance of critically assessing model underpinnings, understanding flood generation
processes, and selecting appropriate hydrological models that are consistent with our understanding of flood generation processes.
Long term analysis of cryoseismic events and associated ground thermal stress in Adventdalen, Svalbard
Authors: Romeyn Rowan , Hanssen Alfred , Köhler Andreas
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The small-aperture Spitsbergen seismic array (SPITS) has been in continuous operation at Janssonhaugen for decades. The high Artic location in the Svalbard archipelago makes SPITS an ideal laboratory for the study of cryoseisms, a nontectonic class of seismic events caused by freeze processes in ice, ice-soil and ice-rock materials. We extracted a catalogue of > 100 000 events from the nearly continuous observation period between 2004 and 2021, characterized by short duration ground shaking of just a few seconds. This catalogue contains two main subclasses where one subclass is related to underground coal mining activities and the other is inferred to be dominated by frost quakes resulting from thermal contraction cracking of ice wedges or other segregated ice bodies. This inference is supported by the correspondence between peaks in observed seismicity with peaks in modelled ground thermal stress, based on a Maxwellian thermo-viscoelastic model constrained by borehole observations of ground temperature. The inferred frost quakes appear to be dominated by surface wave energy and SPITS proximal source positions, with three main areas that are associated with dynamic geomorphological features; boulder producing scarps and solifluction lobes. Seismic stations providing year-round, high temporal resolution measurements of ground motion may be highly complementary to satellite remote sensing methods, such as InSAR, for studying the dynamics of periglacial environments. The long-term observational record presented in this study, containing tens of thousands of cryoseismic events, in combination with a detailed record of borehole ground temperature observations, provides a unique insight into the spatiotemporal patterns of cryoseisms. The observed patterns may guide the development of models that can be used to understand future changes to cryoseismicity based on projected temperatures.
Lidar-assisted model predictive control of wind turbine fatigue via online rainﬂow-counting considering stress history
Authors: Loew Stefan , Bottasso Carlo L.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The formulation of Parametric Online Rainflow Counting implements the standard fatigue estimation process and a stress history in the cost function of a Model Predictive Controller. The formulation is tested in realistic simulation scenarios where the states are estimated by a Moving Horizon Estimator and the wind is predicted by a lidar simulator. The tuning procedure for the controller toolchain is carefully explained. In comparison to a conventional MPC in a turbulent wind setting, the novel formulation is especially superior with low lidar quality, benefits more from the availability of a wind prediction, and exhibits a more robust performance with shorter prediction horizons. A simulation excerpt with the novel formulation provides deeper insight into the update of the stress history and the fatigue cost parameters. Finally, in a deterministic gust setting, both the conventional and the novel MPC - despite their completely different fatigue cost - exhibit similar pitch behavior and tower oscillation.
The Quality and Utilization of School Health Services of a State University in the Philippines
Authors: Sabando Christian M. , Alo Evangeline B.
Published: October 2021

Higher educational institutions are responsible for integrating the vital aspect of primary healthcare services in school settings. The study assessed the quality and utilization of school health services (SHS) of a state university in the Philippines. A descriptive-comparative and correlational study was utilized through a researcher-made questionnaire among 310 respondents using stratified random sampling. Generally, findings revealed that the level of quality of SHS is high, and the extent of utilization is great. It showed significant differences in the level of quality when grouped as to geographic clusters and the extent of utilization when grouped as to designation and geographic clusters. There is a positive correlation between the level of quality and the extent of utilization of SHS. Challenges encountered were the limited availability of health personnel and inadequate health supplies and equipment. Therefore, the higher the quality of SHS, the greater is the extent of utilization towards building a healthy university.
Has translation gone online and collaborative?: An experience from Minna no Hon'yaku
Authors: Kageura Kyo , Abekawa Takeshi , Utiyama Masao , Sagara Miori , Sumita Eiichiro
Published: October 2021

We have been running Minna no Hon'yaku (MNH: Translation of/by/for all), an open online translation hosting and translation-aid service, since April 2009, with use by NGOs specifically in mind. We subsequently started two sibling services, i.e. Ryugakusei Net @ MNH, a commercial "crowdtranslation" site, in March 2010, and Kotoba no Volunteer @ MNH, a project for collecting and making available expressions useful in disaster and post-disaster situations in different languages, in May 2011. This paper aims first to introduce basic features of these three systems and their state of usage, and second, to clarify the nature of activities being carried out using these systems and the relationships between the nature of activities and various factors that contribute to shaping the activities. While what is discussed is based mainly on the insights we have obtained from our experience designing, developing and running these systems, we attempt to situate the observation within a general framework discussion of online and/or collaborative translation.
R U ready 4 new subtitles? Investigating the potential of social translation practices and creative spellings
Authors: Secară Alina
Published: October 2021

In this paper I investigate novel and creative linguistic features used in non-conventional subtitling settings such as fansubbing, arguing that they can be advantageously used in professional subtitling practices for a specific medium, such as the Internet. The integration of txt lingo in subtitling is supported by the recent explosion of social translation practices as a response to an ever-growing audience fragmentation as well as changes in technology which make the integration of several customised subtitling tracks possible. In an attempt to provide empirical evidence to support this argument I present the initial results of a pilot eye-tracker-based experiment to elicit data on the reception of “unregimented” subtitling when offered as an alternative to conventional subtitling from consumers in selected new subtitling contexts.
Reading minds: A study of deictic shifts in translated written interaction between mental-health professionals and their readers
Authors: Pedro Ricoy Raquel de
Published: October 2021

The practice of knowledge mediation in written texts relating to the health sciences has hitherto received limited attention within Translation Studies. The overall aim of this study is to explore writer-reader interaction in a bilingual corpus of medical leaflets published on the website of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (UK). In order to do this, a comparative analysis of English source texts and Spanish target texts was conducted to identify shifts in personal reference, which served to contrast patterns in knowledge transfer processes between mental health experts and their target audiences. The study is underpinned by Thompson and Thetela’s (1995) tenet that interactive and interactional features have to be considered in conjunction. It seeks to make a contribution to the relatively understudied field of how interaction patterns differ across cultural and linguistic settings. The corpus is of special interest due to the sensitivity of its subject matter, the varied constituency it addresses and the fact that the translated texts were produced and revised by mental health professionals.
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Authors: Reviews All
Published: October 2021

Ballard, Michel (2001). Le nom propre en traduction.John D. GallagherBradford, Lisa Rose (compiladora) (2001). La cultura de los géneros.Ilse LogieCalvin, William H. & Derek Bickerton (2000). Lingua ex machina: reconciling Darwin and Chomsky with the Human Brain. Eva Nunez-MendezKrüger, Mechtild (2001).Übersetzungskompetenz: modale Semantik. Eine Studie am Sprachenpaar Dänisch-Deutsch.Leona Van VaerenberghLe Goffic, Pierre (éd.) (2001). Le présent en français.Fabienne Martin
The Canadian feminists’ translation project: between feminism and postcolonialism
Authors: Bertacco Simona
Published: October 2021

In this article, Canada and Quebec are taken as case studies providing some interesting examples of inter-linguistic but intra-national translation, texts presenting features which can be addressed under the broad rubric of postcolonialism, especially as far as the power relations between the English and French languages in Canada are concerned. As a matter of fact, the socalled politics of translation appear only too clearly if we analyze the texts which are translated across the border between Canada and Quebec. Within this context, there has been a group of writers and scholars from both linguistic areas who have been willing to meet on a different ground – the ground of feminist writing and translation. Among the most important women in the group, Barbara Godard and Sherry Simon, as well as writers such as Nicole Brossard and Daphne Marlatt, deserve to be mentioned for the visibility their works have achieved in the past decades, and for the issues they raise.
Traduire pour transmettre: le cas des textes amérindiens.
Authors: Cyr Danielle , Sévigny Alexandre
Published: October 2021

This article explores two sorts of problems that postcolonial amerindian translation poses: grammatical facts and socio-cultural context. In a first section, we discuss specific grammatical facts occurring in some First Nations languages that pose difficulties to the translator. In a second section, we discuss the process of translation of amerindian texts, concentrating on who is doing the translating and the importance of translation to the survival of endangered amerindian languages. All discussion is framed by the fact that amerindian languages are currently situated in amerindian cultures which are the product of colonial influences that shaped the socio-historical context within which amerindian languages evolved. These problems are discussed with specific reference to Mìgmaq, Innu and Montagnais, all endangered amerindian languages spoken in Canada and the United States. The target languages for the translations are either French or English.
Publicidad y traducción: el robo de mitos y contramitos en un mundo globalizado
Authors: Calzada Pérez María
Published: October 2021

Advertising is an essential component of a new form of postcolonialism – globalization (and its associated partner consumerism). Some form of critical resistance seems necessary. Supporting the ‘translation turn’ (Bassnett 1998), the present paper wishes to underline the significance of translation studies for the analysis of textual rewritings in order to analyse textual rewritings (ads in this case). Drawing on Vidal Claramonte (1998) and semiotics (Barthes in particular), it discusses the notions of denotation, con¬notation, myth and countermyth and applies them to the study of three original and translated/translatable printed ads.
“De Gaulle, ce grand guerrier toubab” ou résistance et domestication dans Monnè, outrages et défis d’Ahmadou Kourama
Authors: Lievois Katrien
Published: October 2021

The colonization of the Americas, Asia, and Africa could not have occurred without interpreters, both native and colonial. (Venuti 1998: 158)This article uses some of the key concepts proposed by Lawrence Venuti to denounce the invisibility of translations and translators, to analyze the char-acter of the interpreter (and his very personal views on ‘resistance’ in poli- tics and translation) in Ahmadou Kourouma ’s Monnè, outrages et défis (1990), as well as those passages in the novel that put the French and Malinké languages into contact with each other. Indeed, the Ivorian author demonstrates how fuzzy the border between Venuti ’s concepts of domesticating and foreignizing translation can prove to be. Both linguistic and cultural displacements undermine the idea of a unified speaking subject, and the text, which is often ironic, raises questions about identity, literary nationality, linguistic geography and ideological convictions.
Universally speaking: Lost in Translation and polyglot cinema
Authors: Dwyer Tessa
Published: October 2021

Conceived from the start as a cultural form with mass, international appeal, cinema bears a fascinating relationship to translation, both real and figurative. From the days of the silents and early talkies to contemporary new Hollywood, this paper explores the nature of this relationship through reference to Lost in Translation and the wider polyglot genre. Revelling in the comic and poetic potential of inter-cultural (mis)communication, Lost in Translation (2004) directs attention towards the messy and mundane realities of translation, thereby exposing the industry’s more usual predilection to ignore or disavow the complexities of language difference. Comparing Lost in Translation to cinematic predecessors such as Le Mépris / Contempt (1963) and 1930s polyglots, this discussion seeks primarily to challenge the myth that the language of cinema is universal.
Community Interpreting and linguistics: A fruitful alliance? A survey of linguistics-based research in CI
Authors: Valero Garcés Carmen
Published: October 2021

Since the first Critical Link Conference in Geneva Park, Canada, in 1995, Community Interpreting (CI) has experienced a dramatic change in both theory and practice. National and international conferences, seminars, courses, and workshops all around the world have made it possible for practitioners, trainers, and researchers to get together and discuss their views and exchange ideas. At the same time, an ever-growingflow ofpublications reflects the enormous activity in this field. Nevertheless, CI re- search is still farfrom being in the same category as infields such as conference interpreting or translation, and this is all the more so for linguistics-based CI research.As a researcher working in a department mostly involved with linguistics and related areas but with an increasing interest in cultural studies and translation studies, it is my intention to analyze and classify the contributions to CI conferences and the publications of CI papers using a linguistics-based methodology. To begin with, the evolution of linguistics and those sub-areas, which have had the greatest influence in the lastfew decades, will be briefly discussed, as will its methodologies. Secondly, an analysis will be presented of the characteristics and tools of linguistics-based CI research. And thirdly, conclusions will be drawn concerning the evolution, trends or gaps in CI research in general, and in linguistics-based CI research in particular.
Sous-titrage et apprentissage des langues
Authors: Gambier Yves
Published: October 2021

Our overview on subtitling and language learning is based on a fact and a question. The internationalisation of media and the development of Communication and Information technology (ICT) is bound to change our relationship to languages. But how can we improve our command of foreign languages? Memories and experiences of the classroom are not always positive. On the other hand, in today's world, we cannot avoid reading on screens. Since the beginning of the 1980 ’s, several studies have been carried out on the possible use of intralingual subtitles for language acquisition. We first review the types of studies and the scope of some of them, before considering specific empirical studies dealing with different language competences (vocabulary, listening comprehension, language transfer). Finally, we suggest new research topics, regarding the use of subtitling in natural and institutional language learning settings.
Other voices, other rooms? The relevance of dubbing in the reception of audiovisual products
Authors: González Ruiz Víctor M. , Cruz García Laura
Published: October 2021

Unlike subtitling, the process of dubbing does not give the audience the opportunity to fully perceive the cultural gap between what they hear and see, and their own reality. This takes on a new dimension when the customs and the characters which are being depicted in the foreign film are not the ‘standard’ ones (i. e. those from the US) but those belonging to ‘marginal’ cultures (e.g. European, African or Asian).Let us take the imaginary example of a Moroccan film in which a character representing an Arabic-speaking Tuareg, whose voice has been dubbed into Spanish, uses the same kind of perfect Castilian as audiences usually hear in the mouth of a New York police officer in an American series dubbed into Spanish. The cultural impact of a different language is supposedly lost when the dubbing makes all the voices sound the same.This paper will discuss the influence of dubbing on the audience ’s perception of a range of films in the context of Spain ’s film industry. We will offer an empirical study with the aim of identifying the elements which filmgoers use to situate a film, and even question whether (and to what extent) the process of dubbing effaces the cultural and national origin of a film. The conclusions drawn will contribute to the research on the reception of (audiovisual) translation.
Not in front of the children? An analysis of sex on screen in Italy
Authors: Chiaro Delia
Published: October 2021

Despite the fact that both state owned (RAI) and privately owned (Mediaset) Ital-ian television channels habitually adopt scantily dressed women in provocative poses to fulfill a purely decorative function on daytime television, a closer look at Italian TV reveals that it is far less liberated than it seems. In fact, in stark contradiction to the apparent unrestraint of autochthonous studio productions, references to sex and sexuality in imported fictional products tend to be severely mitigated in their translated forms. Furthermore, it also appears that sexual behaviour beyond traditional male/female ‘mainstream’ sexual practices becomes in-creasingly taboo in translation, as they too are either toned down or totally eliminated. Relegated to cable and satellite channels or late-night/early morning viewing on one of the privately owned Mediaset channels, programs containing very explicit sexual content such as US produced ‘Sex and the City’ are moderated quite significantly for Italian audiences, not only in terms of the pervasive use of strong, taboo language, but also for explicit references to a variety of sexual practices.This paper will discuss the norms which govern the translation of ‘adult’ materials for Italian TV both from an examination of the linguistic content of the programs themselves and from the point of view of operators involved in the dubbing process.
Corpus-based cognitive semantics: Extended units of meaning and their implications for Translation Studies
Authors: Korning Zethsen Karen
Published: October 2021

Traditional lexical semantics focuses on the meaning of individual lexemes. Firth (1957) brought our attention to collocations and the fact that meaning is not isolated in the lexeme. In 1996 Sinclair argued for the existence of extended units of meaning which, as the expression indicates, go beyond the lexeme. In recent years Stubbs (2001b), and other corpus linguists have convincingly shown that meaning is a phraseological phenomenon to a high degree. Corpus searches allow us to study lexemes in their immediate context, study their most frequent collocates and thus help us reveal their semantic preferences (Sinclair 1987, 1996) and semantic prosodies (evaluation) (Louw 1993). Some of the findings confirm intuitions, whereas some make us aware of connotations which we have never before consciously known the existence of. In this article, I shall argue for the application of corpus-based cognitive semantics as a tool for researchers within translation studies (TS) who are particularly interested in revealing evaluative aspects of the units of meaning of source texts and their translations. What may formerly have been described as something intangible like an ‘atmosphere’, now becomes tangible because of the patterns emerging from large numbers of examples. I shall provide empirical examples in various langua ges of such evaluative patterns which are of course not automatically generated but come about as the result of computer-generated concordance lines and thorough manual analysis.
Presentación
Authors: Granada Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2021

El dossier sobre Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus (1651–1708), su obra y su tiempo que presentamos recoge algunas de las ponencias que se presentaron y discutieron en las sesiones de un Seminario que sobre «Tschirnhaus y la Medicina mentis» se desarrolló en la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad de Barcelona en febrero de 2020. El Seminario, organizado por Pablo Montosa y Guillem Sales, continuaba una investigación sobre la obra de este filósofo y científico alemán que ambos habían iniciado tiempo atrás y que habían presentado en una comunicación al V Congrés Català de Filosofía (Vic, 2019), ahora publicada con el título de «La crítica de E. W. von Tschirnhaus a la identificació cartesiana de consciència i coneixement» en las Actas de dicho congreso.
Participative, Transformational, and Transactional Leadership in the United Kingdom, Nigeria and France
Authors: Fadare Samuel O.
Published: October 2021

This paper describes participative, transformational and transactional leadership theories and how each theory might or might not work in the United Kingdom, Nigeria, and France. Application of the three leadership theories emphasizes performance orientation as an important requirement across the three national cultures. A number of issues are readily identifiable with the application of each theory across the three national cultures. With participative leadership, issues of time intensity, information sensitivity, and size of the labor force are unavoidable. Issues with transformational leadership include measurement difficulties and anti-democracy; while issues with transactional leadership include the need to maintain status quo and the use of rewards and punishment to achieve results. Cultures may influence leadership styles, it is however not a determinant of leadership behavior. This is in consonance with the findings of the GLOBE study which found that leadership behavior is not a function of national culture values.
Gestão e participação escolar uma visão para o sucesso de uma educação efetiva
Authors: Da Silva Walto Luiz , De Oliveira Rejane Aparecida
Published: October 2021

Este artigo sobre gestão escolar é uma revisão bibliográfica dos melhores modelos de gestão escolar, onde terá uma parceria entre a instituição e a comunidade onde ela será inserida, alunos, famílias, professores e funcionários que cooperam e que opinam para o sucesso da gestão da escola. Nesta gestão todos têm voz e visam sempre o melhor para a escola. Planejar excelência da gestão democrática e participativa na unidade escolar, trará benefícios para toda a unidade escolar, onde todos ajudam na tomada de decisão, o resultado será efetivamente positivo. Essa tarefa serve para contribuir na implementação das mudanças, ajudando a criar um clima organizacional favorável a toda a comunidade, pois todos ajudam na tomada de decisão.
E2- A Synchronic Study on Learners’ Perceptions about Online English Language Teaching during the COVID-19 in Pakistan
Authors: Amjad Muhammad , Hussain Riaz , Asif Muhammad
Published: October 2021

This is a synchronic study in which the researchers have tried to explore Pakistani ESL learners’ perceptions about the effectiveness of online English language teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers used descriptive survey research design, and a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Population of the study was the BS level students who had studied English through online mode of education during the COVID-19 pandemic. 100 respondents were selected from the population through simple random sampling technique. Cronbach’s alpha test was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire, whereas validity was maintained by asking different research experts to review the questionnaire keeping in mind the research questions. Data analysis through SPSS revealed that online English language teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic proved useful for the listening skills (42 % very useful, 30 % useful), reading skills (30 % very useful, 26 % useful) and vocabulary (14 % very useful, 45 % useful) of the Pakistani ESL learners. Moreover, 64 % agreed (10 % strongly agree, 54 % agree) with the view that online English language teaching during the pandemic remained student centered. The Pakistani ESL learners were also satisfied with lectures’ time duration, teachers’ feedback and online examinations of English subject during the COVID-19 pandemic. On the whole, 72 % (44 % to a great extent and 28 % to a very great extent) of the respondents indicated that online English language teaching during the pandemic yielded positive results to a great extent.
U-9 Role of Urdu Literary Magazines in The Tradition of Saleem Akhtar Shinasi
Authors: Naseem Zahida , Kousar Zamurad
Published: October 2021

Dr. Saleem Akhtar has been a multi-faceted personality of Urdu literature who has made significant contributions in the field of creation of Urdu language and literature. He has served the Urdu Literature in various fields as a critic, correspondent, sketcher, translator, satirist and short story writer, as well as a writer on general psychology. He not only solved centuries-old literary issues in his shortest history book, but also presented a new way to the readers of literature. He presented new ideas in Criticism and create a lot of books in this regard. He also strengthened the field of Iqbaliyat in all over the world. Due to the literary services of Dr. Saleem Akhtar, a permanent tradition of knowledge of Saleem Akhtar has come into existence in which the role of literary magazines is very important. Various Urdu literary journals set up special sections and published articles by eminent critics through which Saleem Akhtar Shinasi was greatly strengthened
The Human Need for Continuity: Some ANE and OT Perspectives
Authors: Sheriffs Deryck
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a selection of evidence for the importance of a sense of continuity to individuals and their families by drawing on a variety of sources, including story, wisdom reflection, grave marker, inscribed memorial stone with portrait, ghost ritual, adoption document and will. The new covenant demonstrates God’s response to this deep-seated human need for continuity.
‘The One Who is Speaking’ in Hebrews 12:25
Authors: Smillie Gene
Published: October 2021

This treatment of whether the author refers to Jesus, or more generally to God, as ‘the one who is speaking’ (ὁ λαλῶν), in Hebrews 12:25 takes into account the possible relationship of the nearly identical participles λαλοῦντι in verse 24b and τόν λαλοῦντα in verse 25a. The antecedent of λαλοῦντι in verse 24 is problematic; many translations refer to ‘the blood that speaks better than the blood of Abel’, but this interpolation may be misleading. The author’s argument in the near context suggests that the one now speaking from heaven is the same God who spoke from Sinai on earth. The added implication that he speaks through the author’s own written words is significant for understanding the hermeneutic of Hebrews.
Play It Again Sam: The Poetics of Narrative Repetition in 1 Samuel 1-7
Authors: Firth David G.
Published: October 2021

A final form reading of 1 Samuel 1–7 is offered here, examining the narrative poetics of repetition and its relationship to complete and incomplete elements of plot. Five key repetitions are examined – monarchy, the authentic prophetic word, the fall of the house of Eli, YHWH’s independent reign and prefiguring allusions to Saul. Although the text undoubtedly makes use of sources, it is argued that it is considerably more than their sum as these elements are woven together into a coherent whole in a manner that prepares the reader for the issues that are to be addressed in subsequent narratives. In particular, the conflicts that surface in chapters 8–12 are seen to be within the frame of YHWH’s intentions since they are anticipated in these chapters. As with any good introduction, the reader is left waiting to see how it will develop.
The Coming of the Son of Man in Mark’s Gospel
Authors: Adams Edward
Published: October 2021

This article defends the view that Mark’s sayings on the coming of the Son of Man (Mark 8:38; 13:24-27; 14:62) refer to Jesus’ parousia, against claims made by R. T. France and N. T. Wright. According to France and Wright, these sayings call attention to the vision of Daniel 7:9-14, in which ‘one like a son of man’ comes into the presence of God for the purpose of enthronement, and point to Jesus’ post-mortem vindication, not his second coming. It is argued here that the Markan passages in question link Daniel 7:13 with other Old Testament texts and motifs, in particular, texts (such as Zechariah 14:3) and images about God’s future coming to earth; the selective combination of Scriptures and scriptural images and their application to Jesus generates the essential concept of his parousia – his coming as exalted Lord from heaven to earth at the end of history.
The ‘Ultracharismatics’ of Corinth and the Pentecostals of Latin America as the Religion of the Disaffected
Authors: Shogren Gary S.
Published: October 2021

This paper arises from research on 1 Corinthians within a Latin American milieu. It shows the value of studying God’s word from non-first world perspectives, particularly with regard to the themes of societal status and the charismata in the first century church. The majority opinion is that 1 Corinthians was written to correct a ‘pneumatic enthusiasm’, with such diverse components as the denial of the resurrection, egalitarianism and triumphalism. It would follow that the teaching about the charismata in chapters 12–14 is directed against that same outlook. We will argue that the majority of the letter is addressed to Christians who dabbled in philosophy as a sign of their upward mobility. But then, using sociological insights from Roman Corinth and from the contemporary Latin American church, we will propose that chapters 12–14 speak to the marginalised of the church. They had turned to the showier charismata as a means of creating an identity for themselves in a church where the elitists received all the attention … as well as invitations to the table of other rich Christians. Thus while the bulk of the letter is a harsh rebuke to the arrogant elitists, chapters 12–14 are directed to the marginalised ultracharismatics, showing them that all of God’s gifts must be used in the loving service of the body.
The Descent of the Eschatological Temple in the Form of the Spirit at Pentecost: Part 1: The Clearest Evidence
Authors: Beale G. K.
Published: October 2021

This article argues that certain Old Testament and early Jewish references to a temple (usually a heavenly or sometimes a latter-day temple) have been formative for the depiction of the Spirit appearing as fire and for other associated features in Acts 2. The conclusion drawn from this is that the coming of the Spirit at Pentecost is a description of the inaugurated eschatological descent to earth of the heavenly temple to establish God’s end-time people as a part of this temple.
Psalm 4: Ambiguity and Resolution
Authors: Goldingay John
Published: October 2021

Translations of Psalm 4 differ at a number of points and thus point towards different understandings of it. In isolation, the opening verses do indeed raise a number of textual questions, and contain a number of interpretative ambiguities, which leave the reader in some uncertainty; but the last part of the psalm clarifies matters and makes it possible from the end to make coherent sense of the whole. Understanding the psalm thus turns out to resemble understanding a sentence, which cannot be grasped until we have reached the end of it.
Rehabilitating Gallio and His Judgement in Acts 18:14-15
Authors: Winter Bruce
Published: October 2021

By first-century Graeco-Roman standards, a recent assessment of Gallio – a Roman senator, proconsul and consul of Rome – would have been seen as something of a damnatio that resulted in the dismissal of his achievements and the formal disfiguring of his name from the imperial inscription that bears it in Delphi. However, a re-examination of the evidence of ancient witnesses comes to a somewhat different conclusion about this important Roman senator. Such testimonies would confirm Luke’s presentation of this legally competent proconsul who made a landmark judgement under Roman law on the status of the early Christian movement.
P115 and the Number of the Beast
Authors: Williams P. J.
Published: October 2021

In Revelation 13:18 the occurrence of the number 616 in P115 has been taken as offering support to the view that the number refers to Nero. Here, an alternative or perhaps additional explanation of the number 616 is given by the suggestion that this number visually mimics designations of Jesus.
The Glorification of the Son of Man: An Analysis of John 13:31-32
Authors: Ensor Peter
Published: October 2021

The article examines the textual, exegetical and historical questions surrounding John 13:31-32. Accepting the Nestle-Aland text as it stands, the article argues that Jesus is represented as saying, at least in part, that through his return to the Father by way of the cross his divine qualities would be revealed, that he would thereby fulfil the role of the ‘one like a son of man’ of Daniel 7:13-14, and that God’s own divine qualities would also thereby be revealed. These motifs, it is argued, may be traced back to the historical Jesus and may even have been expressed in the context of the Last Supper, where John places them.
The Seed of the Woman and the Blessing of Abraham
Authors: Hamilton James M.
Published: October 2021

Might the blessing of Abraham in Genesis 12:1-3 be a direct answer to the curses of Genesis 3:14-19? The curses of Genesis 3 introduce conflict between the seed of the serpent and the seed of the woman, conflict between the man and the woman, with difficulty in childbearing, and conflict between the man and the ground, which is cursed for man’s sin. God promises land, seed, and blessing to Abraham. The nations will be blessed through the seed of the woman, seed of Abraham, who crushes the serpent’s head. The birth of this seed means that the conflict between the man and his wife is not final, nor will the difficulty in childbearing be fatal. And God promises land to Abraham and his seed, land that hints of a return to Eden.
God’s Law, ‘General Equity’ and the Westminster Confession of Faith
Authors: Cunningham Harold G.
Published: October 2021

According to the Westminster Confession of Faith, the only obligation now placed upon the Christian community towards the Old Testament judicial laws is one of ‘general equity’. How to interpret these words has often been discussed, mainly because of the very stringent position adopted by the Reconstruction Movement. This article reviews the development of the term ‘general equity’ in terms of English Law and its subsequent use by theologians. Because of comments by Calvin and others a study is made of the idea in the writings of Aristotle. The practical application of ‘general equity’ is not without problems, but the conclusion is drawn that it can be implemented in the sense of ‘being reasonable’.