bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Production of 1-Phenylethanol Using Enzymes from Flowers of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plants
Authors: Dong Fang , Zhou Ying , Zeng Lanting , Watanabe Naoharu , Su Xinguo , Yang Ziyin
Published: January 2017

1-Phenylethanol (1PE) can be used as a fragrance in food flavoring and cosmetic industries and as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry. 1PE can be synthesized from acetophenone, and the cost of 1PE is higher than the cost of acetophenone. Therefore, it is important to establish an effective and low-cost approach for producing 1PE. Our previous studies found that tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers, which are an abundant and waste resource, contained enzymes that could transform acetophenone to 1PE. In the present study, we extracted crude enzymes from tea flowers and optimized the production conditions of 1PE using response surface methodology. The optimized conditions were an extraction pH of 7.0, a reaction pH of 5.3, a reaction temperature of 55 °C, a reaction time of 100 min, a coenzyme NADPH concentration of 3.75 μmol/mL in the reaction assay, and a substrate acetophenone concentration of 1.25 μmol/mL in the reaction assay. The results provide essential information for future industrial 1PE production using plant-derived enzymes.
Modification of the Surface Topography and Composition of Ultrafine and Coarse Grained Titanium by Chemical Etching
Authors: Nazarov Denis , Zemtsova Elena , Solokhin Alexandr , Valiev Ruslan , Smirnov Vladimir
Published: January 2017

In this study, we present the detailed investigation of the influence of the etching medium (acidic or basic Piranha solutions) and the etching time on the morphology and surface relief of ultrafine grained (UFG) and coarse grained (CG) titanium. The surface relief and morphology have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the spectral ellipsometry. The composition of the samples has been determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Significant difference in the etching behavior of UFG and CG titanium has been found. UFG titanium exhibits higher etching activity independently of the etching medium. Formed structures possess higher homogeneity. The variation of the etching medium and time leads to micro-, nano-, or hierarchical micro/nanostructures on the surface. Significant difference has been found between surface composition for UFG titanium etched in basic and acidic Piranha solution. Based on the experimental data, the possible reasons and mechanisms are considered for the formation of nano- and microstructures. The prospects of etched UFG titanium as the material for implants are discussed.
Amorphous Silica Particles Relevant in Food Industry Influence Cellular Growth and Associated Signaling Pathways in Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Wittig Anja , Gehrke Helge , Del Favero Giorgia , Fritz Eva-Maria , Al-Rawi Marco , Diabaté Silvia , Weiss Carsten , Sami Haider , Ogris Manfred , Marko Doris
Published: January 2017

Nanostructured silica particles are commonly used in biomedical and biotechnical fields, as well as, in cosmetics and food industry. Thus, their environmental and health impacts are of great interest and effects after oral uptake are only rarely investigated. In the present study, the toxicological effects of commercially available nano-scaled silica with a nominal primary diameter of 12 nm were investigated on the human gastric carcinoma cell line GXF251L. Besides the analysis of cytotoxic and proliferative effects and the comparison with effects of particles with a nominal primary diameter of 200 nm, emphasis was also given to their influence on the cellular epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways—both of them deeply involved in the regulation of cellular processes like cell cycle progression, differentiation or proliferation. The investigated silica nanoparticles (NPs) were found to stimulate cell proliferation as measured by microscopy and the sulforhodamine B assay. In accordance, the nuclear level of the proliferation marker Ki-67 was enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. At high particle concentrations also necrosis was induced. Finally, silica NPs affected the EGFR and MAPK pathways at various levels dependent on concentration and time. However, classical activation of the EGFR, to be reflected by enhanced levels of phosphorylation, could be excluded as major trigger of the proliferative stimulus. After 45 min of incubation the level of phosphorylated EGFR did not increase, whereas enhanced levels of total EGFR protein were observed. These results indicate interference with the complex homeostasis of the EGFR protein, whereby up to 24 h no impact on the transcription level was detected. In addition, downstream on the level of the MAP kinases ERK1/2 short term incubation appeared to affect total protein levels without clear increase in phosphorylation. Depending on the concentration range, enhanced levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation were only observed after 24 h of incubation. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the potential of the tested silica particles to enhance the growth of gastric carcinoma cells. Although interference with the EGFR/MAPK cascade is observed, additional mechanisms are likely to be involved in the onset of the proliferative stimulus.
Preventive Effects of Drinking Hydrogen-Rich Water on Gingival Oxidative Stress and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Yoneda Toshiki , Tomofuji Takaaki , Kunitomo Muneyoshi , Ekuni Daisuke , Irie Koichiro , Azuma Tetsuji , Machida Tatsuya , Miyai Hisataka , Fujimori Kouhei , Morita Manabu
Published: January 2017

Obesity induces gingival oxidative stress, which is involved in the progression of alveolar bone resorption. The antioxidant effect of hydrogen-rich water may attenuate gingival oxidative stress and prevent alveolar bone resorption in cases of obesity. We examined whether hydrogen-rich water could suppress gingival oxidative stress and alveolar bone resorption in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Fischer 344 rats (n = 18) were divided into three groups of six rats each: a control group (fed a regular diet and drinking distilled water) and two experimental groups (fed a high-fat diet and drinking distilled water or hydrogen-rich water). The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was determined to evaluate oxidative stress. The bone mineral density of the alveolar bone was analyzed by micro-computerized tomography. Obese rats, induced by a high-fat diet, showed a higher gingival level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and a lower level of alveolar bone density compared to the control group. Drinking hydrogen-rich water suppressed body weight gain, lowered gingival level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and reduced alveolar bone resorption in rats on a high-fat diet. The results indicate that hydrogen-rich water could suppress gingival oxidative stress and alveolar bone resorption by limiting obesity.
Validation of an Online Food Frequency Questionnaire against Doubly Labelled Water and 24 h Dietary Recalls in Pre-School Children
Authors: Delisle Nyström Christine , Henriksson Hanna , Alexandrou Christina , Bergström Anna , Bonn Stephanie , Bälter Katarina , Löf Marie
Published: January 2017

The development of easy-to-use and accurate methods to assess the intake of energy, foods and nutrients in pre-school children is needed. KidMeal-Q is an online food frequency questionnaire developed for the LifeGene prospective cohort study in Sweden. The aims of this study were to compare: (i) energy intake (EI) obtained using KidMeal-Q to total energy expenditure (TEE) measured via doubly labelled water and (ii) the intake of certain foods measured using KidMeal-Q to intakes acquired by means of 24 h dietary recalls in 38 children aged 5.5 years. The mean EI calculated using KidMeal-Q was statistically different (p < 0.001) from TEE (4670 ± 1430 kJ/24 h and 6070 ± 690 kJ/24 h, respectively). Significant correlations were observed for vegetables, fruit juice and candy between KidMeal-Q and 24 h dietary recalls. Only sweetened beverage consumption was significantly different in mean intake (p < 0.001), as measured by KidMeal-Q and 24 h dietary recalls. In conclusion, KidMeal-Q had a relatively short answering time and comparative validity to other food frequency questionnaires. However, its accuracy needs to be improved before it can be used in studies in pre-school children.
Adding Salt to Meals as a Risk Factor of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Radzeviciene Lina , Ostrauskas Rytas
Published: January 2017

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is thought to arise from the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors that may help to reduce the risk of diabetes. Data on salt intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adding salt to prepared meals and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: In a case–control study, we included 234 cases, all of whom were patients aged 35–86 years with a newly confirmed diagnosis of T2DM, and 468 controls that were free of the disease. Cases and controls (ratio 1:2) were matched by gender and age (±5 years). A questionnaire was used to collect information on possible risk factors for diabetes. Adding salt to prepared meals was assessed according to: Never, when there was not enough, or almost every time without tasting. The odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for type 2 diabetes was calculated using a conditional logistic regression. Results: The cases had a higher body mass index and a significantly lower education level compared to the controls. Variables such as waist circumference, body mass index, eating speed, smoking, family history of diabetes, arterial hypertension, plasma triglycerides, educational level, occupational status, morning exercise, marital status, daily urine sodium excretion, and daily energy intake were retained in the models as confounders. After adjusting for possible confounders, an approximately two-fold increased risk of type 2 diabetes was determined in subjects who add salt to prepared meals when “it is not enough” or “almost every time without tasting” (1.82; 95% CI 1.19–2.78; p = 0.006) compared with never adding salt. Conclusion: Presented data suggest the possible relationship between additional adding of salt to prepared meals and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Propagation Modeling and Defending of a Mobile Sensor Worm in Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks
Authors: Wang Tian , Wu Qun , Wen Sheng , Cai Yiqiao , Tian Hui , Chen Yonghong , Wang Baowei
Published: January 2017

WSANs (Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks) are derived from traditional wireless sensor networks by introducing mobile actuator elements. Previous studies indicated that mobile actuators can improve network performance in terms of data collection, energy supplementation, etc. However, according to our experimental simulations, the actuator’s mobility also causes the sensor worm to spread faster if an attacker launches worm attacks on an actuator and compromises it successfully. Traditional worm propagation models and defense strategies did not consider the diffusion with a mobile worm carrier. To address this new problem, we first propose a microscopic mathematical model to describe the propagation dynamics of the sensor worm. Then, a two-step local defending strategy (LDS) with a mobile patcher (a mobile element which can distribute patches) is designed to recover the network. In LDS, all recovering operations are only taken in a restricted region to minimize the cost. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our model estimations are rather accurate and consistent with the actual spreading scenario of the mobile sensor worm. Moreover, on average, the LDS outperforms other algorithms by approximately 50% in terms of the cost.
Reagent-Less and Robust Biosensor for Direct Determination of Lactate in Food Samples
Authors: Bravo Iria , Revenga-Parra Mónica , Pariente Félix , Lorenzo Encarnación
Published: January 2017

Lactic acid is a relevant analyte in the food industry, since it affects the flavor, freshness, and storage quality of several products, such as milk and dairy products, juices, or wines. It is the product of lactose or malo-lactic fermentation. In this work, we developed a lactate biosensor based on the immobilization of lactate oxidase (LOx) onto N,N′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene) -1,2-diaminobenzene Schiff base tetradentate ligand-modified gold nanoparticles (3,4DHS–AuNPs) deposited onto screen-printed carbon electrodes, which exhibit a potent electrocatalytic effect towards hydrogen peroxide oxidation/reduction. 3,4DHS–AuNPs were synthesized within a unique reaction step, in which 3,4DHS acts as reducing/capping/modifier agent for the generation of stable colloidal suspensions of Schiff base ligand–AuNPs assemblies of controlled size. The ligand—in addition to its reduction action—provides a robust coating to gold nanoparticles and a catalytic function. Lactate oxidase (LOx) catalyzes the conversion of l-lactate to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide, which is catalytically oxidized at 3,4DHS–AuNPs modified screen-printed carbon electrodes at +0.2 V. The measured electrocatalytic current is directly proportional to the concentration of peroxide, which is related to the amount of lactate present in the sample. The developed biosensor shows a detection limit of 2.6 μM lactate and a sensitivity of 5.1 ± 0.1 μA·mM−1. The utility of the device has been demonstrated by the determination of the lactate content in different matrixes (white wine, beer, and yogurt). The obtained results compare well to those obtained using a standard enzymatic-spectrophotometric assay kit.
Learning to Diagnose Cirrhosis with Liver Capsule Guided Ultrasound Image Classification
Authors: Liu Xiang , Song Jia , Wang Shuo , Zhao Jing , Chen Yan
Published: January 2017

This paper proposes a computer-aided cirrhosis diagnosis system to diagnose cirrhosis based on ultrasound images. We first propose a method to extract a liver capsule on an ultrasound image, then, based on the extracted liver capsule, we fine-tune a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model to extract features from the image patches cropped around the liver capsules. Finally, a trained support vector machine (SVM) classifier is applied to classify the sample into normal or abnormal cases. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively extract the liver capsules and accurately classify the ultrasound images.
Transnationalism and Financial Crisis: The Hampered Migration Projects of Female Domestic Workers in Spain
Authors: Hellgren Zenia , Serrano Inma
Published: January 2017

The importance of transnational migration projects for international development has been increasingly recognized over the past decades. Migrants who move from the Global South or East to work in low-wage sectors such as construction, agriculture or domestic services in wealthier countries may contribute both to growth in the receiving countries and socio-economic development in their countries of origin. Parallel to scholarship on migration and development, research on the transnationalization of domestic work generally assumes that growing care needs and increasing demand for private household services in Western societies imply a continuing demand for migrant labour. However, since the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, unemployment among migrant workers has increased dramatically in many immigrant-receiving countries, Spain being among the most severely affected. Job destruction has so far been lower in the domestic sector than in other sectors occupying large numbers of migrant workers. Yet, we find that migrant domestic workers in Spain are affected by the recession both in terms of unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating job conditions, with transnational consequences such as loss of remittances. Many migrants find themselves in a situation of “standby,” trying to subsist while waiting for the recession to end.
Effect of Post-Exercise Whole Body Vibration with Stretching on Mood State, Fatigue, and Soreness in Collegiate Swimmers
Authors: Merrigan Justin , Tynan Matthew , Oliver Jonathan , Jagim Andrew , Jones Margaret
Published: January 2017

Static stretching (SS) during whole body vibration (WBV) has been suggested for exercise recovery. The purpose was to compare post-exercise self-ratings of fatigue (FAT), mood state (BAM), soreness (SOR), and perceived exertion (RPE) between SS and WBV+SS in swimmers (9 women, mean ± SD: 19.3 ± 1.3 year, 171 ± 5.7 cm, 67.6 ± 7.2 kg, 26.6 ± 4.1 %body fat (%BF); 10 men, mean ± SD: 19.7 ± 1.0 year, 183 ± 5.5 cm, 77.1 ± 4.2 kg, 13.1 ± 2.2 %BF). Athletes were divided by sex, event (sprint, distance), and assigned to SS or WBV+SS. Both conditions consisted of SS performed on the WBV platform with or without WBV (50 Hz, 6 mm). Sessions consisted of: pre and post measures of BAM, FAT, SOR; the condition; and RPE. Mixed factorial ANOVA were run. A significant condition by pre/post interaction was observed (p = 0.035). Post hoc analyses showed WBV+SS elicited lower post-exercise ratings of FAT (p = 0.002) and the BAM affective states, of tension (p = 0.031), and fatigue (p = 0.087). RPE did not differ between conditions. Of interest is the decrease in tension and fatigue noted by the BAM. Mood state can be indicative of how athletes adapt to training volume and intensity.
Analysis of the Dynamic Relationship between Fluctuations in the Korean Housing Market and the Occurrence of Unsold New Housing Stocks
Authors: Lee Younghoon , Lee Sanghyo , Kim Jaejun
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we intend to identify the characteristics of occurrence of unsold new housing stocks and draw the implications for the housing business strategy that can effectively cope with the market risk under the Korean housing market. As a result of the analysis, most of the theoretical causality of occurrence of unsold new housing stocks under the three-dimensional Korean housing market was found to correspond to the empirical analysis result. In addition, the chonsei market that produces the characteristic movement of Korean housing market had a significant relation with occurrence of unsold new housing stocks. Because of these results, it is thought that the proposed housing business strategy can effectively cope with the housing market risk. It is thought that we need to additionally examine the financial validity of the proposed housing business model by calculating the cash flow and grope for policy support measures to materialize it on the basis of the analysis result of this paper.
Annual Precipitation Fluctuation and Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of the Horqin Region
Authors: Liu Liangxu , Zhao Xueyong , Meng Qinglan , Zhao He , Lu Xiaoqian , Gao Junkai , Chang Xueli
Published: January 2017

Precipitation is the main water source for vegetation survival in arid and semi-arid areas. However, previous studies always focus on the effects of precipitation in different time scales, but ignore the effects of precipitation in different spatial scales. To further study the effects of precipitation fluctuation in different spatial scales, we used the wavelet analysis method to analyze its temporal and spatial change based on data from eighteen meteorological stations during 1961–2015 in Horqin region. Results showed that: (1) from the overall tendency of precipitation changes, the precipitation inter-annual variations in Horqin region had the tendency of gradually decreasing from the southeast (District IV) to the northwest; (2) the precipitation anomalies of District I–IV between 1960 and 1980 were small and approximate to the normal value; (3) in the time scale of 23–32 years, the cyclical fluctuations were very significant and the annual precipitation underwent two cyclical fluctuations from a period of low precipitation to a period of high precipitation; and (4) as results of analyzing the spatial wavelet variance of sub-region, the main cycle of precipitation in District I, District II and District III was between 10 and 11 years, while the main cycle of precipitation in District IV was 25 years. The main conclusions include the following. (1) This region tended to be arid, and the precipitation gradually decreased from the southeast (District IV) to northwest (District I). (2) The influence of spatial differentiation characteristics on precipitation fluctuation in this region was cyclical fluctuation, which gradually decreased from the southeast to the northwest. The length of the cyclical change period gradually shortened. In the first main cycle, whose annual precipitation changes were most significant, the changing characteristic was District IV and District I decreased from 25 years to 10 years. (3) Predicated from the cyclical changing law that the annual precipitation decreases from high to low, the Horqin region will remain in a period of low precipitation between 2016 and 2020.
Comparing Lifetimes of Series and Parallel Systems with Heterogeneous Fréchet Components
Authors: Fang Longxiang , Wang Yanqin
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we discuss stochastic comparisons of lifetimes of series and parallel systems with heterogeneous Fréchet components in terms of the usual stochastic order, reversed hazard rate order and likelihood ratio order. The partial results established here extend some well-known results in the literature of Gupta et al. Specifically, first, we generalize the result of Theorem 2 from the usual stochastic order to the reversed hazard rate order. Second, we generalize the result of Theorem 3 from the reversed hazard rate order to the likelihood ratio order. Last, we generalize the result of Theorem 4 from the hazard rate order to the likelihood ratio order when shape parameter 0 < α ≤ 1 .
Unravelling the Diversity of the Cyclopiazonic Acid Family of Mycotoxins in Aspergillus flavus by UHPLC Triple-TOF HRMS
Authors: Uka Valdet , Moore Geromy , Arroyo-Manzanares Natalia , Nebija Dashnor , De Saeger Sarah , Diana Di Mavungu José
Published: January 2017

Cyclopiazonic acid (α-cyclopiazonic acid, α-CPA) is an indole-hydrindane-tetramic acid neurotoxin produced by various fungal species, including the notorious food and feed contaminant Aspergillus flavus. Despite its discovery in A. flavus cultures approximately 40 years ago, its contribution to the A. flavus mycotoxin burden is consistently minimized by our focus on the more potent carcinogenic aflatoxins also produced by this fungus. Here, we report the screening and identification of several CPA-type alkaloids not previously found in A. flavus cultures. Our identifications of these CPA-type alkaloids are based on a dereplication strategy involving accurate mass high resolution mass spectrometry data and a careful study of the α-CPA fragmentation pattern. In total, 22 CPA-type alkaloids were identified in extracts from the A. flavus strains examined. Of these metabolites, 13 have been previously reported in other fungi, though this is the first report of their existence in A. flavus. Two of our metabolite discoveries, 11,12-dehydro α-CPA and 3-hydroxy-2-oxo CPA, have never been reported for any organism. The conspicuous presence of CPA and its numerous derivatives in A. flavus cultures raises concerns about the long-term and cumulative toxicological effects of these fungal secondary metabolites and their contributions to the entire A. flavus mycotoxin problem.
Application of BP Neural Network Algorithm in Traditional Hydrological Model for Flood Forecasting
Authors: Wang Jianjin , Shi Peng , Jiang Peng , Hu Jianwei , Qu Simin , Chen Xingyu , Chen Yingbing , Dai Yunqiu , Xiao Ziwei
Published: January 2017

Flooding contributes to tremendous hazards every year; more accurate forecasting may significantly mitigate the damages and loss caused by flood disasters. Current hydrological models are either purely knowledge-based or data-driven. A combination of data-driven method (artificial neural networks in this paper) and knowledge-based method (traditional hydrological model) may booster simulation accuracy. In this study, we proposed a new back-propagation (BP) neural network algorithm and applied it in the semi-distributed Xinanjiang (XAJ) model. The improved hydrological model is capable of updating the flow forecasting error without losing the leading time. The proposed method was tested in a real case study for both single period corrections and real-time corrections. The results reveal that the proposed method could significantly increase the accuracy of flood forecasting and indicate that the global correction effect is superior to the second-order autoregressive correction method in real-time correction.
MicroRNA-377 Downregulates Bcl-xL and Increases Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Ge Hongyan , Zou Di , Wang Yingshu , Jiang Hao , Wang Liping
Published: January 2017

Aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and their role in cancer development have recently gained more attention. However, the potential role of miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-377 was markedly downregulated
in HCC cell lines and primary human HCC tissues. The decreased expression of miR-377 contributes to the upregulation of Bcl-xL expression by targeting its 3-untranslated region (3-UTR). Functionally, knockdown of miR-377 noticeably increased HCC cell growth and colony formation and inhibited
apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of miR-377 suppressed cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. This study provides new insights for the use of miR-377 as a potential molecular target in HCC therapy.
miR-214-5p Targets ROCK1 and Suppresses Proliferation and Invasion of Human Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Zhang Minglei , Wang Dapeng , Zhu Tongtong , Yin Ruofeng
Published: January 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small conserved RNAs regulating specific target genes in posttranscriptional levels. They have been involved in multiple processes of tumor progression, including cell proliferation. miR-214-5p (also miR-214*) is a newly identified miRNA, and its functions are largely unknown. In this study, we explore the role of miR-214-5p in the proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma (OS) cells. The results showed that miR-214-5p was sharply reduced in OS tissues and cell lines, compared with normal tissues and cell lines. In addition, the miR-214-5p mimic greatly increased the miR-214-5p level and significantly decreased the proliferation and invasion of HOS and G293 OS cells. In contrast, the miR-214-5p inhibitor had a completely opposite effect on the miR-214-5p level, cell proliferation, and cell invasion. Moreover, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-1908 targeted the mRNA 3-UTR region of ROCK1, a characterized tumor promoter in OS. In conclusion, miR-214-5p was identified as a new tumor suppressor, which directly targeted ROCK1 and suppressed proliferation of human OS cells.
Overexpression of MicroRNA-27b Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion via Suppression of MET Expression
Authors: Zhou Hui , Liu Yanglin , Xiao Ling , Hu Zhengmao , Xia Kun
Published: January 2017

MicroRNA-27b (miR-27b) was recently found to be significantly downregulated in different human cancers. However, evidence of the function of miR-27b in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate novel miR-27b-mediated targets or signaling
pathways associated with the tumorigenesis and metastasis of NSCLC. Real-time (RT) PCR was performed to examine miR-27b expression in NSCLC specimens. MTT assay, wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay were used to determine cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our data indicated
that the miR-27b levels were significantly decreased in NSCLC specimens and cell lines (SK-MES-1, H358, H460, A549, and H1229) when compared to matched normal adjacent tissues and normal human lung epithelial cell lines, respectively. Restoration of miR-27b significantly inhibited the proliferation,
migration, and invasion of A549 cells. We then conducted in silico analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay and identified MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase, as a direct target of miR-27b in NSCLC cells. Moreover, overexpression of MET rescued the suppressive effect of miR-27b on the proliferation,
migration, and invasion of A549 cells, suggesting that MET acts as a downstream effecter of miR-27b in NSCLC cells. In summary, our study identified a novel miR-27b/MET signaling pathway involved in the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC, and identification of miR-27b-mediated
novel signaling pathways may help reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the development and malignant progression of this disease.
A wild origin of the loss‐of‐function lycopene beta cyclase (CYC‐b) allele in cultivated, red‐fleshed papaya (Carica papaya)
Authors: Wu Meng , Lewis Jamicia , Moore Richard C.
Published: January 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The red flesh of some papaya cultivars is caused by a recessive loss‐of‐function mutation in the coding region of the chromoplast‐specific lycopene beta cyclase gene (CYC‐b). We performed an evolutionary genetic analysis of the CYC‐b locus in wild and cultivated papaya to uncover the origin of this loss‐of‐function allele in cultivated papaya.

METHODS:

We analyzed the levels and patterns of genetic diversity at the CYC‐b locus and six loci in a 100‐kb region flanking CYC‐b and compared these to genetic diversity levels at neutral autosomal loci. The evolutionary relationships of CYC‐b haplotypes were assessed using haplotype network analysis of the CYC‐b locus and the 100‐kb CYC‐b region.

KEY RESULTS:

Genetic diversity at the recessive CYC‐b allele (y) was much lower relative to the dominant Y allele found in yellow‐fleshed wild and cultivated papaya due to a strong selective sweep. Haplotype network analyses suggest the y allele most likely arose in the wild and was introduced into domesticated varieties after the first papaya domestication event. The shared haplotype structure between some wild, feral, and cultivated haplotypes around the y allele supports subsequent escape of this allele from red cultivars back into wild populations through feral intermediates.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study supports a protracted domestication process of papaya through the introgression of wild‐derived traits and gene flow from cultivars to wild populations. Evidence of gene flow from cultivars to wild populations through feral intermediates has implications for the introduction of transgenic papaya into Central American countries.
Nucleophilic displacement reactions of 5′-derivatised nucleosides in a vibration ball mill
Authors: Eguaogie Olga , Conlon Patrick F , Ravalico Francesco , Sweet Jamie S T , Elder Thomas B , Conway Louis P , Lennon Marc E , Hodgson David R W , Vyle Joseph S
Published: January 2017

Vibration ball-milling in a zirconia-lined vessel afforded clean and quantitative nucleophilic displacement reactions between 4-methoxybenzylthiolate salts and nucleoside 5′-halides or 5′-tosylates in five to 60 minutes. Under these conditions, commonly-encountered nucleoside cyclisation byproducts (especially of purine nucleosides) were not observed. Liquid-assisted grinding of the same 5'-iodide and 5′-tosylate substrates with potassium selenocyanate in the presence of DMF produced the corresponding 5′-selenocyanates in variable yields over the course of between one and eleven hours thereby avoiding the preparation and use of hygroscopic tetrabutylammonium salts.
DETECTING TRIPLE SYSTEMS WITH GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Meiron Yohai , Kocsis Bence , Loeb Abraham
Published: January 2017

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has recently discovered gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by merging black hole binaries. We examine whether future GW detections may identify triple companions of merging binaries. Such a triple companion causes variations in the GW signal due to: (1) the varying path length along the line of sight during the orbit around the center of mass; (2) relativistic beaming, Doppler, and gravitational redshift; (3) the variation of the “light”-travel time in the gravitational field of the triple companion; and (4) secular variations of the orbital elements. We find that the prospects for detecting a triple companion are the highest for low-mass compact object binaries which spend the longest time in the LIGO frequency band. In particular, for merging neutron star binaries, LIGO may detect a white dwarf or M-dwarf perturber at a signal-to-noise ratio of 8, if it is within

distance from the binary and the system is within a distance of 100 Mpc. Stellar mass (supermassive) black hole perturbers may be detected at a factor 5 × (103×) larger separations. Such pertubers in orbit around a merging binary emit GWs at frequencies above 1 mHz detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna in coincidence.
Effects of Variable Eccentricity on the Climate of an Earth-like World
Authors: Way M. J. , Georgakarakos Nikolaos
Published: January 2017

The Kepler era of exoplanetary discovery has presented the astronomical community with a cornucopia of planetary systems that are very different from the one that we inhabit. It has long been known that Jupiter plays a major role in the orbital parameters of Mars and its climate, but there is also a long-standing belief that Jupiter would play a similar role for Earth if not for the Moon. Using a three-dimensional general circulation model (3D GCM) with a fully coupled ocean, we simulate what would happen to the climate of an Earth-like world if Mars did not exist, but a Jupiter-like planet was much closer to Earth’s orbit. We investigate two scenarios that involve the evolution of the Earth-like planet’s orbital eccentricity from 0 to 0.283 over 6500 years, and from 0 to 0.066 on a timescale of 4500 years. In both cases we discover that they would maintain relatively temperate climates over the timescales simulated. More Earth-like planets in multi-planet systems will be discovered as we continue to survey the skies and the results herein show that the proximity of large gas giant planets may play an important role in the habitability of these worlds. These are the first such 3D GCM simulations using a fully coupled ocean with a planetary orbit that evolves over time due to the presence of a giant planet.
Les apports et les promesses de l’économie politique de la fécondité pour l’étude de ses transitions
Authors: De Luca Barrusse Virginie , Rusterholz Caroline
Published: January 2017

Cette contribution historiographique se concentre sur les apports de l’économie politique de la fécondité pour éclairer les motivations et les mécanismes des transitions de la fécondité. Elle se focalise sur les travaux entrepris en Europe et aux États-Unis couvrant la période 1850-1980, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement aux études qualitatives. Dans une première partie, nous retraçons la genèse de cette approche. Comprendre ses liens de filiation permet de saisir non seulement le chemin parcouru à travers les paradigmes dont elle s’est nourrie et continue de se nourrir, mais aussi de percevoir ce dont elle doit se libérer pour proposer des analyses toujours renouvelées. Dans une deuxième partie, nous appuyant sur des travaux qui ont éclairé les contextes dans lesquels se situent les prises de décisions des hommes et des femmes, nous montrons qu’ils permettent de cerner les ressorts des motivations individuelles à maitriser les naissances et leur calendrier. En conclusion, nous invitons à prolonger cette approche et suggérons quelques pistes de recherches.
Courtship and Bridal Pregnancy in The Netherlands, 1870-1950
Authors: Kok Jan , Bras Hilde , Rotering Paul
Published: January 2017

Bien que mal perçues, les grossesses prénuptiales étaient un phénomène courant au début du xx e siècle, aux Pays-Bas, comme dans beaucoup d’autres pays européens. Leur nombre diffère cependant, tant régionalement que socialement, sans qu’il n’existe d’explication claire à ces variations. La sexualité avant le mariage était risquée au regard des méthodes contraceptives alors utilisées. Qui a pris ces risques et dans quelles circonstances ? Qu’est-ce qui, dans l’environnement des couples non mariés, les a « autorisé » ou « empêché » d’avoir des relations sexuelles ? Quel rôle joue l’environnement de ces adolescents ? Quel est le rôle de leurs pairs, de leurs parents, de leur église ? Dans cet article, nous utilisons une base de données de presque dix mille mariages féconds (contractés entre 1870 et 1950) comprenant des informations détaillées sur les antécédents familiaux des époux. Nous avons également combiné cette base de données à un questionnaire sur les coutumes locales du début du xx e siècle, ce qui a permis d’effectuer une analyse multiniveau sur la probabilité de la survenue d’une grossesse prémaritale en fonction (simultanément) de la classe sociale, de la religion, de la composition de la famille et des caractéristiques des couples eux-mêmes (niveau d’homogamie). L’analyse est centrée sur les normes communales du calendrier de séduction (à quel moment débute-t-il ?) mais surtout sur les pratiques locales concernant le chaperonnage de ces rencontres amoureuses. Nos résultats confirment des constats antérieurs selon lesquelles les grossesses prénuptiales aux Pays-Bas étaient particulièrement nombreuses dans les groupes prolétaires et protestants. Nous trouvons des preuves de la tolérance des parents à l’égard des pulsions sexuelles des jeunes couples (endogames) qui ne représentaient aucune menace pour la transmission des biens envisagée. Mais il existe également des preuves d’anticipation délibérée des mariages (la grossesse étant utilisée comme levier) pour gagner son indépendance. Les coutumes de séduction locales et régionales ne semblent, en revanche, pas fortement associées à des niveaux élevés ou faibles de grossesses nuptiales
Familles en archipel : migrations dans les sociétés rurales mexicaines au xx e siècle
Authors: Michel Aurélia
Published: January 2017

Cet article envisage les transformations de la famille rurale mexicaine au cours du xx e    siècle. Si l’on peut identifier un système familial mésoaméricain qui aurait survécu à la période coloniale et au régime libéral indépendant dans la moitié sud du pays, la famille rurale mexicaine est affectée, depuis la Révolution, par les rythmes intenses de la croissance démographique et économique. Après une période d’exode rural vers les sites industriels, la libéralisation de l’économie régionale nord-américaine, à partir des années 1990, suscite de nouvelles formes de migrations qui amènent les familles à se constituer en archipel économique, sur plusieurs lieux et générations. Après une analyse des étapes de la formation de ces archipels dans une communauté rurale de l’État de Oaxaca, nous explorons les trajectoires d’une quinzaine de familles pour en comprendre les mécanismes de reproduction. En particulier, nous relevons les changements liés à l’accès des femmes au foncier et à leur rôle dans la constitution d’un patrimoine, composé autant par des biens que par des liens entre les lieux.
L’action intentionnelle : entre rationalité et irrationalité
Authors: Heitz Jean-Michel
Published: January 2017

Cerner l’irrationnel n’est pas une tâche aisée car il est toujours conçu en relation avec le rationnel. A la lumière de cas vécus au sein de différentes organisations une analyse des conduites permettra de poser la question de la rationalité ou de l’irrationalité des solutions mises en œuvre. L’action intentionnelle est déterminée par des raisons ou motifs ; les causes, elles, déterminant les événements du monde. Davidson, pour sa part, donne une explication particulière de la différence entre cause et raison. Il s’écarte en cela de la théorie wittgensteinienne. Les théories davidsoniennes éclaireront à leur manière le débat rationnel-irrationnel.
La baronne avait beaucoup à dire
Authors: Delaunoy Jacques
Published: January 2017

Freud a toujours envisagé le moi-inconscient sous l’angle défensif. Dans son rapport, Dominique Cupa, s’appuyant sur un cas clinique, émet l’hypothèse d’un moi-inconscient qui aurait aussi des fonctions génératives et scénographiques. Le processus psychique présenté montre des fluctuations économiques qui semblent aller dans ce sens et peuvent être vues aussi comme le résultat d’une auto-organisation. Le moi-inconscient est-il le seul exécutant de cette partition ?
Le moi entre la vie et la mort
Authors: Abrevaya Elda
Published: January 2017

Freud se trouve en 1923 dans la nécessité d’avancer sa thèse de l’¬inconscience du moi, d’un moi qui n’est plus l’allié de l’analyste, et cela à partir de l’observation des résistances répétitives et compulsives. Ainsi, il est amené à postuler un troisième ¬inconscient, qui n’est ni le refoulé, ni le latent. La clinique actuelle illustre bien les deux facettes du travail analytique en rapport avec le moi inconscient : son aspect destructeur et son aspect élaboratif.
Hétérogénéité et polyphonie du Moi-inconscient
Authors: de Vriendt-Goldman Claire
Published: January 2017

Cet article vise à mettre en évidence la complexité et la diversité du matériel onirique produit par le moi inconscient de patients bousculés par l’absence de ¬présence de l’analyste. Cette expérience traumatique actuelle s’inscrit dans un après-coup et trace, dans la situation transféro-contre-transférentielle, le moi inconscient onirique dans sa dimension génératrice de représentance psychique et, de façon indissoluble, dans sa dimension défensive protec-trice. La place de l’affect réprimé/clivé y est interrogée, ainsi que l’écoute aiguisée du discours par l’analyste.
Rêve contre-transférentiel et moi inconscient
Authors: Hebbrecht Marc
Published: January 2017

Le travail onirique du moi inconscient est intimement entremêlé avec l’-intersubjectivité de la relation analytique. Grâce à l’auto-analyse d’un rêve contre-¬transférentiel, l’analyste retrouve la direction du processus psychanalytique.
La trame rythmique du fantasme
Authors: Baruch Clarisse
Published: January 2017

Dominique Cupa propose l’existence d’une « trame », générée par le moi inconscient, constitutive du fantasme. À partir de Freud et l’accent qu’il met sur la ¬périodicité de la prise d’information vers le monde externe, l’auteur propose qu’une structuration psychique fondée sur une représentation d’un temps linéaire, construite par le préconscient sur la pulsation et prise en charge par le moi inconscient, permette à l’activité fantasmatique de se déployer.
Le refoulant, précurseur et constituant du moi inconscient
Authors: Munari Franca , Fagni Mireille
Published: January 2017

Le concept de refoulant est directement abordé par Freud dans Le Délire et les rêves dans la « Gradiva » de Wilhelm Jensen (1907). Considérant arbitrairement comme autonomes les processus du refoulement et du refoulant, mis en acte à l’intérieur de ce que deviendra dans la pensée freudienne le moi inconscient, cet écrit se veut une réflexion sur la relation du processus refoulant avec le contre-investissement et le travail préconscient.
Moi inconscient
Authors: Messina Pizzuti Diana
Published: January 2017

Selon Bion, le rêve est continu, il symbolise l’expérience et crée en les différenciant l’inconscient et le conscient. La fonction alpha dont il découle apparaît comme un principe de transformation qui préside à la vie psychique. Au cœur du processus de transformation, il y a la relation contenant-contenu qui, introjectée, permet la croissance psychique. Lorsqu’il y a échec de transformation des identifications projectives, la réalité psychique est réduite à une réalité matérielle, avec destruction des liens et haine de la réalité interne. L’origine des trans-formations et la réalité ultime sont inconnaissables, l’intuition permet de s’en rapprocher.
Moi inconscient et part psychotique de la personnalité
Authors: Cabrol Guy
Published: January 2017

Le moi inconscient n’est-il pas issu du ça par le jeu complexe des mécanismes de défenses primaires dont le déni-clivage qui lui assurerait sa stabilité paradoxale et dont le « noyau » serait la part psychotique de la personnalité isolée par Bion à partir de l’intuition de Freud de 1937 ?
Le « moi inconscient » : une perspective winnicottienne
Authors: Squitieri Giuseppe
Published: January 2017

L’auteur suggère que dans le moi inconscient on puisse reconnaître les modalités de fonctionnement décrites par Winnicott (et par Ogden) à propos de l’espace potentiel.
Les entraves traumatiques au fonctionnement du moi
Authors: Minazio Nicole
Published: January 2017

Deux découvertes audacieuses produisent, après 1920, leurs effets sur la théorie et la pratique psychanalytique contemporaine : Éros et Thanatos sont inscrits au sein même de la vie psychique et aux fondements de la constitution des instances. Le moi est inconscient de ses fondements pulsionnels et de ses résistances. Il n’est plus maître dans sa maison et cesse d’être l’allié de l’analyste. Les modalités transféro-contre-transférentielles peuvent être affectées par les conflits interinstanciels qui mettent à mal un moi dont les stratégies inconscientes tentent d’éviter les dangers issus du ça, du surmoi et de la réalité extérieure. La situation analytique est alors mise sous tension par le retour des zones clivées et amputées du moi, ayant valeur traumatique au sein de la relation analytique. Externalisation des traces toujours actives de la violence d’une perte ou d’une rupture qui ont entravé le processus représentationnel.
Le « bruit » des zones érogènes et l’auto-organisation du moi
Authors: Denis Paul
Published: January 2017

Le moi, inconscient pour sa plus grande part, ne peut être cerné de façon trop précise ; il est composé d’éléments multiples et s’auto-organise ou se réorganise de façon constante même si la lenteur de ses changements donne l’impression de sa stabilité. L’élaboration imaginaire de la fonction, introduite par Winnicott, en particulier l’organisation des pulsions qui en est un exemple, se place au cœur du moi inconscient vu comme un système auto-organisant aux capacités génératrices et élaboratives.
Personne ne vive !
Authors: Aubry Laurence
Published: January 2017

La conception de Francis Pasche reliant la genèse de la réalité matérielle à un be-soin de protection de la réalité psychique de la mère archaïque éclaire la manière dont une transgression de cadre, entre contre agir et après-coup, a ouvert au travail de liaison précons-cient l’investissement muet du pourtour des séances.
Le développement de la presse électronique en Algérie : Des dispositifs aux pratiques journalistiques
Authors: Taiebi Moussaoui Fatima Zohra
Published: January 2017

Le paysage médiatique algérien s’est considérablement transformé depuis la fin des années 1990, du fait du développement des sites d’information en ligne couvrant l’actualité nationale et internationale. Ces nouveaux supports (pure players et sites de la presse traditionnelle) ont bouleversé les modes de production de l’information. La présente étude présente et analyse la place de la presse électronique en Algérie à travers plusieurs approches : réglementaire, socioéconomique et sociographique. Elle s’appuie sur une série d’observations et d’entretiens semi-directifs au sein des sites internet d’information. Ce travail met en relief la situation instable des sites d’information en ligne. Cette instabilité est produite par plusieurs facteurs : un modèle économique fragile ou inexistant, le manque de reconnaissance professionnelle, une réglementation inachevée, une professionnalisation relativement faible et des conditions de travail difficiles pour les journalistes de la presse électronique.