bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Technique for Intraradicular Rehabilitation Using Mta and Light Transmitting Fibre Post: A Case Report
Authors: Chauhan Dr. Vatsal , Narang Anu , Singh Santosh kumar , Sharma Anjali
Published: September 2022

Restoring an endodontically treated teeth may become problematic due to inadequate sound radicular structure. In such cases where apices are flared ,its even more challenging to debride the canal and control the obturating material within the canal. Regarding rehabilitating the radicular structure; cast post have been used since older times. But it resulted in catastrophic root fracture with reduced remaining dentinal thickness, shadowing and graying of root and discoloration at the tooth’s gingival margin. Hence This case report presents a clinical case where intraradicular rehabilitation is done using  MTA and light transimitting fibre post .
Non-surgical Management of Skeletal Class III and Dental Class I Malocclusion -A Case Report
Authors: Priya Parul , Tanisha Singh  , Sumit Tomar  , Manish Goyal  , Mukesh Kumar  , Navneet Kunj
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

This case report discusses the nonsurgical, nonextraction therapy of a female patient, aged 21years, with a skeletal Class III malocclusion, reverse overjet and presence of retained maxillary canine bilaterally. Reverse overjet was corrected by protrusion of maxillary teeth, which contributed to alignment and leveling of teeth.  Following fixed orthodontic treatment, there was considerable enhancement in patient's smile as well as an increase in the patient's confidence and quality of life. The profile changes and treatment results were demonstrated with proper case selection and good patient cooperation with fixed appliance therapy. At the end of treatment the patient was extremely satisfied with the results.
Silver Diamine Fluoride- The New Black Magic
Authors: Choudhury Debangana
Published: September 2022

Silver diamine fluoride combines the remineralizing effects of fluoride and the antibacterial effects of silver and thus provides an alternative care path for those patients in whom traditional restorative treatment cannot be done. Many countries have recommended the use of 38% SDF for caries prevention as well as for caries arrest. SDF is proved to be more efficient as caries preventive tool when compared to fluoride varnishes and APF Gel. Other dental benefits of SDF continue to be researched and discussed in the literature. However, SDF- related black staining is of prime concern while using it in aesthetic zone. No serious adverse effects of using SDF have been reported in dentistry. SDF is safe, effective, and cost-friendly agent. We can hope that it can meet both the AAPD and ISPPD vision and mission to advance optimal oral health for all children through prevention, involvement of the society and other necessary measures.
Short Dental Implants : A Review
Authors: Mounica Yasaggari
Published: September 2022

Short dental implants appear to be a valid alternative with reasonable evidence of a high success rate to bone augmentation procedures in the treatment of atrophic alveolar ridges. This paper reviews aspects of short implant literature to give some guidelines in making their use more successful.
Determination of biometric relationship between cranial circumference and the mesio distal dimensions of maxillary anterior teeth.
Authors: Kumari Sommya , KUMAR MUKESH , Pankaj Kumar  , Pragyan Das  , Shrimali Sumi
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:  To evaluate biometric relationship between cranial circumference and the mesio distal dimensions of maxillary anterior teeth.

Methods:  A randomly selected 150 subjects comprising equal number of males and females were evaluated for the craniometric and odontometric measurements were obtained with the help of a non-stretchable measuring tape and a sliding digital stainless-steel Vernier caliper. The tests used were Oneway ANOVA, correlation and linear regression analysis. The confidence level for this study was 95% and the p-value for statistical significance was set at less than 0.05.

Result: Males had a greater mean head circumference compared to females.  showed a highly statistically significant Gender Dimorphism for cranial circumference. Also Males had a statistically significantly greater mean Combined Mesio Distal Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth compared to females. The Pearson test showed  weak negative correlation for males, and weak positive  correlation for females and combined data.

Conclusion: The study result could be used as a base data for further studies with larger sample size.

Key words:   Edentulous, Esthetics, Denture, Craniometry , Odontometry.
Awareness of Periodontal Disease And its Influence on Systemic Health: A Survey Among Medical Professionals in State of Rajasthan (bikaner Subdivision).”
Authors: GARG DR KAMAL
Published: September 2022

Background: Since past few decades, it is established that periodontitis has powerful influence on various systemic conditions. To maintain general health among the medical professionals this bidirectional link between periodontal and systemic health should be acquainted.  

Aims: To evaluate knowledge, awareness and orientation of medical professionals towards periodontal diseases and its influence on systemic health in state of Rajasthan (Bikaner sub division). To aware medical professionals for overall improved health care delivery system and motivate referrals to periodontists in systemically ill patients.

Method and Material: Prepared questionnaire data was gathered from 503 medical professionals of various medical institutions in state of Rajasthan (Bikaner sub division). Study spanned from June 2019 to August 2019. Data was tabulated in Microsoft Excel sheet and subjected to statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviations of measurements per group were calculated, and differences between two groups were determined using chi square test.

Results: Majority of participants had basic knowledge regarding periodontal diseases but clinical orientation and practice behavior were very limited. Most of them were aware regarding systemic effects of periodontal diseases like chronic heart diseases, diabetes but were unaware of likely effects of periodontal diseases on conditions such as adverse pregnancy outcomes (PTLBW, PROM, and Preeclampsia) and hospital acquired pneumonia.

Conclusion: Medical practitioners had insufficient knowledge and limited clinical orientation about periodontal diseases and its potential influence on systemic conditions. This emphasizes need for periodontal education in medical field.
Evaluvation of The Transverse Strength of Acrylic Denture Base Resins Repaired by Different Materials: An Invitro Study
Authors: Mundra Rohit , Porwal Dr surbhi
Published: September 2022

AIMS: The aim of the study undertaken was to evaluate an effective method of denture repair, which will have considerable transverse and impact strength, quick to repair and can be effectively utilized by the general practitioner.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate the transverse strength of denture base resin repaired by different methods having 45° joint surface contours and compare it with denture base acrylic resin repaired by conventional methods.

 2) To find out the best material for repair.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the purpose of this study, Heat cure resin (DPI), Autopolymerising resins (DPI) and Glass Fibers (interling), were taken from the market. The unrepaired conventional heat cure denture base resin (DPI heat cure) plates were used as control group. .     

RESULTS:

1) The mean transverse and impact strength of all the samples repaired by various methods showed significantly lower strength than control group (heat cure unrepaired samples used as control for transverse strength) 103.33MPa, although statistically significant.

2) Specimens repaired by self cure resin with glass fibers having 450 bevel joint showed the highest transverse strength.
Age estimation by Willem’s method in age group of 6-12 year old children- a cross sectional study
Authors: Sahu Pitambra , Prabakaran Gayathri , Saxena Ashish , Parihar Ajay , Verma Neha , Chauhan Shikhar pratap
Published: September 2022

Aim and objective :

This article focuses on Willems method of age estimation in age group of 6-12 year old children.

 

Material and methods:

25 orthopantomagram of children aged 6-12 year old children were collected from the patients visiting the Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, government college of Dentistry, Indore.

 

Results:

Comparison of the Dental age (DA)  using  the Willems method, the CA and differences between Dental age and Chronological age  (DA and CA) of both gender and age groups .The independent samples t‑test results showcased that the mean CA was  1.81  for males and 2.22 for females and the mean DA was 1.97 for males and 1.64 for females. This mean dictated an under aging of the entire sample as by about 0.58 years. Independent t‑test showed that these differences were statistically not significant as the p value is less (P > 0.05).

Pearson’s correlation test showed  r value for overall data  as 0.86, for male as 0.87 and for female as 0.88. The p value was statistically significant in overall data  and male (<0.001).

 

Conclusion:

 

It is important to realize that no age estimation method will accurately determine the exact age for every individual since development naturally varies between individuals. One of the most important aspect of DA estimation is to remember that one should not restrict to only one age estimation technique, but to apply different techniques available and perform repetitive measurements and calculations. Also the sample size should be larger as compared to the present study, as well as equal numbers of both male and female should be studied.
Denture Satisfaction – The Most Wanted Key to Successful Complete Denture Therapy.
Authors: Kumari Sommya , Mukesh kumar  , Pankaj Kumar  , Pragyan Das  , Shrimali Sumi
Published: September 2022

Abstract:

Background: The dilemma of patient satisfaction vs. non-satisfaction with dentures is another never-ending debate in dentistry. The fabrication of optimal dentures is possible with appropriate prosthetic laboratory techniques along with patients’ anatomic and physiologic requirements assessed by a dentist.

Aim : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient’s priority and mean satisfaction scores of the patient and dentist during complete denture therapy.

Material and methods: After selecting the subjects based on decided inclusion and exclusion criteria, the patients were asked to fill the proforma with VAS. The proforma contained a questionnaire. The patients rated their dentures using a scale ranging from 1-5.

Results: According to the patient’s priority the majority of the patients preferred mastication. The highest mean dentist satisfaction score was concerned with the extension of a denture. There was no statistically significant difference with age and gender for mean denture assessment, aesthetic, phonetics, mastication and comfort satisfaction score. However, the employed patients have aesthetic, phonetics and mastication satisfaction score higher than unemployed patients and the relationship was statistically significant.

Conclusion: Majority of the patients was concerned with better chewing function with their dentures. Age and gender do not affect patient satisfaction. However, employed patients were less satisfied with their dentures as compare to unemployed patients. In addition, patients who were educated had better phonetics with their dentures as compare to uneducated patients. Strong dentist-patient communication is necessary to be able to satisfy a patient.

Keywords: Complete denture, Satisfaction, Patient communication
Intracranial meningiomas: clinical, intrascopic and pathomorphological causes of recurrence (literature review)
Authors: Kukanov K. K. , Vorobyova O. M. , Zabrodskaya Yu. M. , Potemkina E. G. , Ushanov V. V. , Tastanbekov M. M. , Ivanova N. E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Meningiomas are the second most common central nervous system (CNS) tumors in adults. most meningiomas are benign tumors. Anaplastic and atypical meningiomas account for 25% and have a high recurrence rate even after radical tumor resection and radiotherapy. The prognosis of patients with anaplastic meningiomas remains disappointing; most of them die within the first 2 to 5 years after surgery. Purpose: to discuss the challenges in diagnosis and treatment of recurrent meningiomas, to identify the causes of tumor progression, and to assess the clinical features and radiographic findings as well as specific pathomorphological and molecular genetic characteristics. material and methods. We searched for publications in the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cohrane Library and eLibrary databases published between January 2000 and January 2019 on the issue of recurrent intracranial meningiomas, in particular atypical and anaplastic meningiomas. Results. The review systematizes data on the prognostic factors for survival, relapse-free period, and disease progression. particular attention was paid to the radical resection of the tumor and the assessment of the grade of anaplasia. The current data on radiotherapy and drug therapy were presented.  the controversial issues of approaches to the assessment of morphological prognostic criteria were discussed. The current knowledge on the most common genetic mutations in meningiomas, the prospects for their study and use for targeted therapy were presented. Conclusion. The management of meningioma still presents some unresolved issues.  There are no optimal standards for diagnosis and treatment of patients with meningiomas that would take into account biological characteristics, including growth characteristics and molecular genetic profile. There are no clear prognostic criteria for recurrence and continuity in further management after surgical treatment, which affects the mortality rate and quality of life in this category of patients. New fundamental data that will determine a different strategy in the treatment of intracranial meningiomas are needed.
Polarization of macrophages: mechanisms, markers and factors of induction
Authors: Fedorov A. A. , Ermak N. A. , Gerashchenko T. S. , Topolnitskii E. B. , Shefer N. A. , Rodionov E. O. , Stakheyeva M. N.
Published: September 2022

Macrophages  are  key  components  of  the  innate  immune  system. The  variability  of  the  macrophage’s participation in tumor progression, determined by their functional polarization, opens up a wide prospect for modulating their functional profile, primarily in the direction of increasing antitumor activity.The purpose of the studywas to provide up-to-date data on the process of macrophage polarization, mechanisms of its regulation, polarization markers and induction factors.Material and methods. A search was made for available literature sources published in Web of Science, Scopus and other databases. more than 160 sources devoted to the study of the process of macrophage polarization were found, of which 121 were included in this review.Results. This review presents data on the molecular mechanisms and gene signatures associated with M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages. We displayed information on metabolic, phenotypic characteristics and cytokine profile of M1- and M2-macrophages, as well as highlighted data on polarization factors and targets of their action.Conclusion. The information presented in the review can serve as an information base for the development of experimental and clinical approaches for editing the functional profile of macrophages in order to control their involvement in various pathological processes.
Management of patients with multiple primary сancer in the practice of a modern oncologist. Case report and literature review
Authors: Khlanta D. A. , Gens G. P.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study. Multiple primary malignant neoplasms or polyneoplasia are a phenomenon of tumorigenesis and one of the little-studied categories in modern clinical oncology. The increase in the cancer incidence, as well as the need to make difficult decisions about further treatment strategy, enhance the relevance of studying multiple primary malignant neoplasms. This review discusses the current positions of medicine in relation to this category of malignant neoplasms, and presents a case report of a patient with this disaese. Material and methods. We have analyzed the results of international studies on the management of patients with multiple primary cancer. the search for relevant sources was carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline systems with a chronological interval of 2016–2021. of the analyzed studies, 60 were used to compile a systematic review with a case report. Results. The analysis showed that timely diagnosis and improvement of cancer screening programs are necessary to improve the control of these tumors. Psychological work with a patient, strengthening of his commitment to therapy and the implementation of medical recommendations are integral parts of improving cancer care for patients with such disease. Conclusion. A comprehensive analysis of multiple primary malignant tumors requires long-term follow-up of a large population, taking into account genetic factors, environmental factors, exposure to smoking and nutrition, and comorbid pathology. Timely diagnosis and improvement of cancer screening programs are necessary to improve the control of multiple primary malignant tumors.
A clinical case of repeat use of PARP inhibitors in a patient with mBRCA-associated ovarian cancer
Authors: Villert A. B. , Kolomiets I. A. , Fesik Y. A. , Ivanova A. A. , Yunusova N. V. , Churuksaeva О. N.
Published: September 2022

Backgraound. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common type of ovarian cancer. The prevalence of BRCA1/2 germline mutations is the highest in HGSOC. patients with germline BRCA gene mutations are more likely to respond to platinum-based chemotherapy. Clinical trials demonstrate the effectiveness of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of BRCA-associated ovarian cancer. Re-administration of PARP inhibitors after response to platinum-based chemotherapy demonstrates an increase in progression-free survival rates regardless of BRCA status. it is important for understanding the development of molecular mechanisms of resistance to platinum drugs and PARP inhibitors, as well as for developing new treatment strategies  and  tools  to  overcome  resistance. Case  description. This  clinical  case  of  BRCA-associated hereditary ovarian cancer demonstrates the efficacy and good tolerability of PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy following the treatment of the first relapse, as well as the efficacy of re-administration of PARP inhibitors following the treatment of the second relapse. The short-course of re-treatment with PARP inhibitors was accompanied by the development of multidrug resistance. the overall survival time was 112 months. Conclusion. The presence of mutations in BRCA1/2 genes is a promising justification for the administration of maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors. Re-administration of PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy for relapsed ovarian cancer is currently being considered as a possible therapeutic option. deciphering the molecular mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors is of paramount importance for the development of new treatment strategies and tools to overcome chemoresistance, re-sensitization of the tumor to platinum-based drugs or PARP inhibitors.
Predictors of local recurrence of renal cell cancer. Our experience
Authors: Gaas M. Y. , Kaprin A. D. , Vorobyev N. V. , Kalpinsky A. S. , Kozlov V. V. , Inozemtsev R. O.
Published: September 2022

Risk factors for renal cell cancer (RCC) recurrence, including its local form, include stage and high Fuhrman grading system score, regional lymph node involvement, microvascular invasion, tumor necrosis, positive surgical margin, and sarcomatoid or rhabdoid tumor differentiation. Objective. The study analyzes data from Moscow Research Oncological Institute named by PA Herzen to determine the predictors of local recurrence of kidney cancer based on the data from surgically treated patients with local recurrent RCC. Material and methods. We analyzed retrospectively data from 87 patients who were divided into 2 groups: 1-st, patients with detected local recurrence of kidney cancer (n=43), and 2-nd, control group (n=44). The following predictors were evaluated: tumor size, tumor histotype, tumor stage, Fuhrman grading system, surgical margin status, tumor necrosis, sarcomatoid and rhabdoid changes, microvascular invasion, hemorrhage and invasion of collecting system components (CSS), renal capsule, and perirenal cellular tissue and primary treatment. Results. The risk of local recurrence was higher in the primary tumor, over 40 mm in diameter (OR=5.8, p<0.001), as well as microvascular invasion and focal hemorrhage (OR=15.1, p=0.001 and OR=3.3, p=0.008, respectively). Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed a negative effect on the risk of local RCC recurrence only for tumor necrosis (OR=15.4, p<0.001 and OR=53.6, p=0.002, respectively) and high Fuhrman grade (OR=10.9, p=0.042 and OR=5.7, p=0.032, respectively). The most significant predictors of local renal cancer recurrence are tumor necrosis (p<0.001), microvascular invasion (p=0.019), positive surgical margin (p=0.009), and high Fuhrman grade (p=0.04). High Fuhrman grade (3–4) of malignancy (HR=1.9, p=0.042), tumor diameter (HR=1.0, p=0.054), positive surgical margin (HR=3.5, p=0.001), and tumor necrosis (HR=2.3, p=0.029) were found to be the most significant factors influencing 5-year local recurrence-free survival rate. Conclusion. The course of renal cell cancer is determined by multiple interrelated and independent prognostic factors.
Acute cholecystitis as the first manifestation of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder; a case report
Authors: Bahadoram M. , Barahman M. , Davoodi M. , Hassanzadeh S.
Published: September 2022

Background. SCC of the gallbladder is characterized by more rapid and invasive growth with infiltration of the adjacent organs and less spread to the lymph nodes compared to adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. It is a rare neoplasm that accounts for 1.4–12.7 % of gallbladder tumors. SCC of the gallbladder has a poor prognosis. symptoms usually appear later when the disease has progressed and the malignancy has reached advanced stages. therefore, usually, the patients expire soon following the diagnosis. the etiology of the SCC of the gallbladder is complex and is mostly associated with gallstones. Case description. We report a case of a 56-year-old man that had been suffering from colicky abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant for about two weeks before his admission. He did not have nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, fever, lack of appetite, or weight loss. after evaluation, a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was established and antibiotic therapy was initiated. However, he did not respond to medical therapy and underwent surgery. A tumor mass was detected during surgery. therefore, cholecystectomy and extended right hepatectomy were performed. The pathological evaluation of the biopsy specimen revealed squamous cell carcinoma. consequently, he underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy and was followed up for two years. He acquired complete tumor remission. Conclusion. The present case highlights the requirement of considering further investigation on the histogenesis of SCC of the gallbladder.
Overall survival in colon cancer patients with different levels of circulating tumor cells and feasibility of enhancing its prognostic value
Authors: Kit O. I. , Zlatnik E. Y. , Novikova I. A. , Ulianova E. P. , Demidova A. A. , Kolesnikov E. N. , Gevorkyan Yu. A. , Soldatkina N. V. , Snezhko A. V.
Published: September 2022

Development of personalized approaches to diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colon cancer (CC) still remains challenging. Levels of circulating tumor (CTC) and cancer stem cells (CSC) are promising non-invasive prognostic factors. Our aim was to assess the overall survival (OS) of patients with stage II–IV CC with different levels of CTCs as well as to enhance their prognostic value by additionally determining the level of CD44+ CSCs. Material and methods. The study included 299 patients with stage II–IV CC. All patients underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (FOLFOX). patients with stage IV CC with resectable liver metastases underwent simultaneous resection of the primary tumor and liver metastases, followed by FOLFOX chemotherapy. the proportion of CTCs was evaluated before surgery using Veridex CellSearch™, and the level of CD44+ CSCs was determined in the tissue of the removed tumor by the IHC method. OS was studied in patients with different CTC levels, cumulative OS was calculated by Kaplan–Meier`s method. prognostic algorithm was designed by logistic regression analysis and cox proportional hazards model. Results. OS was found to be lower in patients with higher CTC levels divided into ranges: 0, 1–3, 4–9, ≥10 (χ2=11.59, p=0.009); thus enabling us to use it for prognosis. its prognostic value is enhanced by estimation of CD44+ CSC in tumor. Statistically significant conjugation between CTC and CD44+ ranges was found. an increase in CTC level by 1 range resulted in the increase in the risk of fatal outcome by 1.58 times (р=0.002); the additive increase in CD44+ expression ≥10 % resulted in the increase in the risk of fatal outcome by 7.2 times (p<0.001). For individual risk assessment, a model for calculating the prognostic coefficient K with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was developed, and its mathematical expression was proposed. the value of K≥0.411 indicates a high risk of adverse outcome. Conclusion. The prognostic algorithm for the risk of unfavorable outcome of patients with CC, based on the assessment of CTC and CD44+ CSC levels, was developed.
Allostatic load in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Makkonen K. F. , Agarkov N. M. , Stanoevich U. S. , Titov A. A. , Mitikhina M. S. , Moskaleva E. A.
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. However, the allostatic load in breast cancer patients has not been sufficiently studied. Objective: to study the allostatic load in middle-aged and elderly patients with breast cancer. Material and methods. The study included 65 middle-aged and 60 elderly patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 45 people aged 60-74 years, who had no breast cancer. The allostatic load was studied in these three groups according to the level: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins, glucose, albumins and waist circumference. Results. The allostatic load score was significantly higher in elderly breast cancer patients than in middle-aged breast cancer patients (4.3 ± 0.3 points versus 2.9 ± 0.2 points, p<0.01). In addition, the allostatic load score in the middle-aged patients with breast cancer was significantly higher (2.7 ± 0.2 points) than in people of the same age, who had no breast cancer (1.6 ± 0.1 points). In elderly patients, the allostatic load score was also significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in people without breast cancer (4.3 ± 0.3 points and 2.9 ± 0.2 points, respectively; p<0.001). Significant differences in the allostatic load parameters, such as the levels of total cholesterol (5.8 ± 1.3 mmol/l versus 4.0 ± 0.8 mmol/l), and albumin (45.1 ± 7.4 % versus 61.4 ± 7.6 %) were found between breast cancer patients aged 60-74 years and people of an identical age, who had no breast cancer. statistically significant differences in allostatic load biomarkers, such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood levels of triglycerides and glucose, and waist circumference were found between elderly patients with breast cancer and age controls (without breast cancer). The content of triglycerides in the blood of patients aged 60-74 years with breast cancer was 1.8 times higher than that in patients of the same age with no breast cancer (p<0.001). The blood glucose level was significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in the age controls (5.8 ± 1.2 g/l versus 4.4 ± 1.1 g/l, p<0.01). Conclusion. The allostatic load and its variables should be used as biomarkers of increased risk of breast cancer.
NEDD9 scaffolding protein expression as a negative prediction marker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Tikhomirova M. V. , Barmin V. V. , Topchu Yu. A. , Mazitova A. M. , Ratner E. Yu. , Sabirov A. G. , Аbramova Z. I. , Deneka A. Ya.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study was to assess the prognostic significance of a scaffolding NEDD9 protein in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NEDD9 (Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9) is a scaffolding protein in many intracellular protein cascades, such as PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Ras-ERK, which play key roles in tumor progression. several studies define the regulatory role of NEDD9 in progression of several solid cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however its role as a prediction biomarker is minimally assessed. Materials and methods. In the current study quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) approach was utilized to characterize NEDD9 expression in a cohort of NSCLC primary tumor samples (n=16), and correlative statistical analysis was performed between NEDD9 expression and a set of patients’ clinical and pathological characteristics. Results of the IHC analysis were validated using broader TCGA RNAseq dataset (n=566). Results. The study demonstrated significant difference between the expression of Nedd9 in stage iii tumors versus stages II and IV (p<0.05). Next, NEDD9 expression level was approximated to high and low (based on median h-score=56.14) and statistical survival analysis revealed a positive correlative trend between the decreased expression of NEDD9 and the decrease in the overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients. Analysis of TCGA dataset harboring RNA seq data confirmed statistically significant correlation (p=0.05) between low NEDD9 expression and decreased OS. Conclusion. This study suggests that the expression of the scaffolding protein NEDD9, both at the protein and RNA levels, positively correlates with a negative prognosis in NSCLC, suggesting that it can potentially be used as a novel biomarker of disease progression. Further basic and clinical research defining the role of NEDD9 in the progression and metastasis of NSCLC are strongly warranted.
The state of cancer care in Russia: cancer of the small intestine (C17). morbidity, mortality, index of accuracy, annual mortality (population study at the federal district level). Part I
Authors: Merabishvili V. M.
Published: September 2022

Relevance. Small intestine cancer is extremely rare cancer among the Russian population with the incidence of less than 1 per 100,000 populations. in 2019, 1,643 cases of small intestine cancer were recorded in Russia, including 750 cases among the male population, and 893 among the female population. only since 2011 state statistics provides for the inclusion of primary cases of small intestine in a separate line in the state report form № 7. in 2019, none of the small intestine cancer cases was registered in four administrative territories of Russia, and only one case was registered in 13territories among the female population. in the North-Western Federal district (NWFD) of the Russian Federation, 187 primary cases of small intestine cancer were diagnosed in 2019; the standardized incidence rates were 0.91 and 0.57 0/0000 for men and women, respectively. more than 1,200 people die from small intestine cancer annually in Russia, and approximately 130 people die from this cancer in the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation. the standardized mortality rates among the population of Russia and the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation for men and women are 54 and 0.58 per 100,000 and 0.33 and 0.37 per 100,000, respectively. The purpose of the study was to analyze small intestine cancer incidence and mortality rates in the population of Russia. Material and methods. The population-based cancer registries of IARC, P.A. Herzen institute of oncology, N.N. Petrov Research institute of oncology as well as the population-based cancer registries of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation were used. Standard methods of oncology statistics were used. Results. the study, for the first time in Russia, made it possible to estimate the prevalence of small intestine cancer, which is much less common in Russia than in the USA and in other economically developed countries. Conclusion. In females, a significant decrease in standardized mortality rates of small intestine cancer was revealed. in males, this rate remained almost unchanged. a positive dynamics of annual mortality rates, especially within the first year of follow-up, was found.
Relationship of the epithelial-mesenchimal transition expression markers with clinical and morphological parameters of colon cancer
Authors: Sinyanskiy L. E. , Krakhmal N. V. , Naumov S. S. , Patalyak S. V. , Afanasyev S. G. , Vtorushin S. V.
Published: September 2022

The treatment of colon cancer with a mesenchymal-like phenotype poses a great challenge. Purpose of the study: to research expression of FRMD6, ZEB1, HTR2B, CDX2 in the primary tumor tissue with relation of the clinical and pathological features of colon cancer. Material and methods. a combined analysis of the expression of FRMD6, ZEB1, HTR2B, CDX2 with pathological criteria was performed in 100 patients with T1–4bN0–2bM0  colon  cancer.  Results  of  the  study  show  that  tumors  with  mesenchymal  signs  are characterized by a large size of the primary tumor, a high grade of differentiation, regional metastases, and eventually advanced stage of the disease. The frequency and expression levels of FRMD6, ZEB1 and HTR2B are depended of grade of adenocarcinoma. in cases with positive expression and a high percentage of expression of these proteins in the cancer cells, the degree of tumor morphological anaplasia increases. Conclusion. The study made it possible to reveal the relationship of IHC markers (FRMD6, ZEB1, HTR2B, CDX2) with tumor characteristics that determine the outcome. The studied markers may have prognostic and predictive value in treatment approaches of colon cancer.
Role of the Fe3O4 mass ratio in Fe3O4-Fe nanoparticles with the core-shell structure on their anticancer activity in vitro
Authors: Bakina O. V. , Lozhkomoev A. S. , Kazantsev S. O. , Avgustinovich A. V. , Afanasyev S. G. , Spirina L. V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Currently, most of the drugs used in tumor therapy are highly toxic and cause various toxic effects. Therefore, many drug delivery methods are being developed. The use of nanotechnology is one of the most promising methods. The use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as antitumor agents makes it possible to prevent off-target cytotoxicity and other side effects of traditional chemotherapy. The use of nanoparticles is limited by their low efficiency. the Fe3O4/Fe galvanic couple makes it possible to control the release of toxic iron ions and, accordingly, the activity of nanoparticles. Purpose. The aim of this study is to develop new Fe3O4-Fe nanoparticles with a core-shell structure with antitumor activity in vitro. Nanoparticles containing from 5 % to 90 % iron were synthesized, and a systematic study of the structural, textural, charge, morphological, and magnetic properties of nanoparticles, as well as their in vitro activity against the MCF-7 and HeLa tumor lines, was carried out. Methods. Fe3O4-Fe nanoparticles were obtained by electric explosion of an iron wire in a mixture of gases: argon and oxygen. The mass fraction of the components was regulated by varying the ratio of the components of the gas mixture. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were studied using X-ray phase analysis, thermal desorption of nitrogen, transmission electron microscopy, and microelectrophoresis. Antitumor activity was studied using the MTT test against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. Results. As a result of the electric explosion of an iron wire in an argon + oxygen gas mixture containing oxygen in the range of 1 – 5 vol. %, Fe3O4-Fe NPs with 5 – 90 % wt. Fe3O4, respectively. The study of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles showed that the zeta potential does not depend on the content of Fe3O4 in NPs and is -30 mV. The change in the specific surface area and the average particle size passes through a maximum at the content of Fe3O4 W=20 %, which can be explained by the mechanism of oxide phase formation during an electric explosion. Using the MTT test, it was found that nanoparticles containing 5 wt. Fe3O4, in the presence of which, at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, the number of living cells decreased to 16 % relative to the control. Conclusion. In this work, we have shown for the first time that Fe3O4-Fe NPS in the concentration range of 50–100 µg/mL can be used as an antitumor agent. The ability to control the magnetic properties of NPs can be used to target a specific area of tumor tissue using an external magnetic field, and the established relationship between the magnetic moment and the activity of NPs in relation to the MCF-7 cell line has great prospects for clinical application.
Atypical clinical manifestations and genotype-phenotype correlations of neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Mustafin R. N.
Published: September 2022

Purpose of the study: Analysis of available data on geno-phenotypic correlations and atypical forms of neurofibromatosis type 1. Material and methods. We searched for relevant sources in the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed systems, including publications from May 1993 to October 2021. Of the 318 studies  we identified, 59 were used to write a systematic review. Results. We found studies describing atypical forms of neurofibromatosis type 1 with an erased course without manifestation of a tumor syndrome, which are caused by specific mutations in the NF1 gene (causing substitutions of amino acids in neurofibromin: p.Arg1038, p.Met1149, p.Arg1809, or deletion of amino acids: p.Met990del, p.Met992del). NF1 patients with microdeletions are characterized by more severe disease symptoms (more often facial dysmorphism, skeletal and cardiovascular abnormalities, learning difficulties, and symptomatic spinal neurofibromas). mutations of splicing sites and extended deletions of the NF1 gene are associated with early manifestation of tumors, mutations at the 5’-end of the gene, causing a shortening of the protein product, are associated with optic nerve gliomas. the mutation c.3721C>T (p.R1241*) correlated with structural brain damage, and c.6855C>A (p.Y2285*)  with  endocrine  disorders. the  manifestations  of  NF1,  similar  to  lipomatosis  and Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome, not associated with a specific type of mutation are described. Conclusion.  In spite of pronounced clinical variability of the disease, even among members of the same family, several studies have described genotype-phenotype correlations. Therefore, the role of modifier genes and epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of NF1 is assumed, since the neurofibromin protein has a complex structure with several functional domains. It has been shown that the severity of the tumor syndrome is influenced by the methylation characteristics of NF1 gene and adjacent areas. in addition, NF1 gene is associated with a variety of microRNAs. therefore, targeted therapy aimed at specific non-coding RNAs to restore normal expression of NF1 gene can become a promising treatment for NF1.
GÜNCEL İÇTİHATLAR IŞIĞINDA ULUSLARARASI TAHKİM KARARLARININ DEVLET BANKALARI ALEYHİNE CEBRİ İCRASINDA BAĞIŞIKLIK SAVUNMASI
Authors: ESKİYÖRÜK Serhat
Published: September 2022

Kamu kurum ve kuruluşların uluslararası ticaret ve yatırım sözleşmelerine taraf olmasının bir sonucu olarak, bu hukuki ilişkilerden doğan bazı ihtilaflarda tahkim yolu karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Devletler, tahkim yargılamasına karşı ve tahkim yargılama sonucu verilen kararların tanınması ve tenfizi aşamasında yargı bağışıklığı savunması ileri sürebilmektedir. Ayrıca devletler, tahkim yargılaması neticesi verilen kararların cebri icrası aşamasında icra bağışıklığını iddia edebilmektedir. Tahkim kararın yabancı bir devlet aleyhine tenfiz ve icra başvurusunda, ev sahibi devletin yabancı devlet egemenliğine doğrudan ve geniş müdahalesi eleştirilebilir. Alacaklının alacağına kavuşması amacıyla dengeli bir yaklaşım ihtiyacı doğmaktadır. Makalede özellikle, tahkim anlaşmasının yargı ve icra bağışıklığı üzerine etkisi değerlendirilmekte, devlet bağışıklığına ilişkin uluslararası uyum çalışmaları, uluslararası anlaşmalar ve farklı ülke içtihatlarında konunun yorumu incelenmektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca, tahkim kararlarının tanınması ve tenfizine ilişkin New York ve ICSID Sözleşmelerinin konuya etkileri, devletlerin yargı ve icra bağışıklıklarından feragati, feragatin usulü ve kapsamı, özel koruma altında bulunan devlet malları, yabancı devletlerin banka hesapları, konsolosluk hesapları ve merkez bankası hesaplarının cebri icrası yer almaktadır.
Rainfall–runoff modeling using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and genetic algorithm (GA)
Authors: Vakili Shabnam , Mousavi Seyed Morteza
Published: September 2022

Nonlinear properties and natural uncertainties in the rainfall–runoff process, the necessity of extensive data, and the complexity of the physical models have caused researchers to use methods inspired by nature such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, and genetic algorithms (GA). The main purpose of this study was to estimate runoff employing Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and GA models using accessible, applicable, and easily available climatic data. The results of the two models were compared to provide an easy but reliable model to estimate evaporation. The models were utilized to estimate the runoff in Sivand river basin located in Fars province in central Iran. The results were compared considering a range of model performance indicators as mean absolute error (MAE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (R2). According to the results presented, ANFIS with lower RMSE and MAE and higher correlation coefficient and NSE between the observed and predicted values provided higher accuracy in comparison to GA. Also, it was clear that using ANFIS, an increase in the number of membership functions and running cycles of the model decreased the error such that the results in the studied stations using were improved by 42, 44 and 11%, respectively by increasing the number of membership functions and run rounds. Also, it was observed that the nonlinear models performed better than the linear models when applying GA such that non-linearizing the model improved the results of the GA model in the three studied stations by 27.5%, 17%, and 9.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, considering RMSE amounts the best results from ANFIS were 23%, 54.6%, and 35.7% better than the best results from GA in the three stations, respectively. According to the results of the study runoff can be estimated appropriately by utilizing ony meteorological data and there is no need for more complex and interdependent data. A sensitivity analysis was conducted too by removing rainfall and evaporation parameters in two different scenarios. The ANFIS model showed the lowest sensitivity to the absence of those parameters especially evaporation in scenario 3 with RMSE = 0, 0, and −0.005 for Chambian, Dashtbal, and Tang Balaghi stations, respectively. The results of the study justifies using ANFIS employing only meteorological data to estimate runoff in areas when scant data are available.
Tannic Acid, as a Structural Moiety Coupled to a Protein Antigen,
Exhibiting a Molecular-structure Adjuvant Activity for Antibody
Specificity Enhancement
Authors: Molina-Ramírez Brenda , Cabral-Hipólito Nidia , Castillo-Maldonado Irais , Delgadillo-Guzmán Dealmy , Meza-Velázquez Rocío , Ramírez-Moreno Agustina , Flores-Loyola Erika , Ruíz-Flores Pablo , Cruz Jorge Haro-Santa , Espino-Silva Perla-Karina , Avalos-Soto Joaquín , Téllez-López Miguel-Ángel , Vertti Rubén Daniel Arellano Pérez , Rosales-González Manuel-Gerardo , Pedroza-Escobar David
Published: September 2022

Background:

An antigen is a small foreign substance, such as a microorganism structural
protein, that may trigger an immune response once inside the body. Antigens are preferentially used
rather than completely attenuated microorganisms to develop safe vaccines. Unfortunately, not all
antigens are able to induce an immune response. Thus, new adjuvants to enhance the antigen’s ability to
stimulate immunity must be developed.

Objectives:

Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the molecular-structure adjuvant activity of tannic
acid (TA) coupled to a protein antigen in Balb/c mice.

Method:

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as an antigen. The coupling of BSA and TA was
mediated by carbodiimide crosslinking, and verified by SDS-PAGE. Forty-two Balb/c mice were
divided into seven groups, including two controls without antigen, an antigen control, an adjuvant
control, and two treatment groups. An additional group was used for macrophages isolation. A 30-day
scheme was used to immunize the mice. The analysis of humoral immunity included immunoglobulin
quantification, isotyping and antigen-antibody precipitation. The analysis of cell-mediated immunity
included the quantification of nitric oxide from peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes’ proliferation
assay after treatment stimulation.

Results:

No differences were found in the antibodies’ concentration or isotypes induced with the
conjugate or the pure BSA. However, an immunogenicity improvement (p < 0.05) was observed
through the specific anti-BSA antibody titers in mice immunized with the conjugate. Besides,
macrophage activation (p < 0.05) was detected when stimulated with the treatments containing TA.

Conclusion:

Tannic acid exhibited macrophages’ activation properties. Moreover, when TA was
incorporated into the structure of a protein antigen, such as BSA, an antibody specificity enhancement
was observed. This was a consequence of antigen processing by activated antigen-presenting cells.
These results showed the use of tannic acid as a novel candidate for vaccine molecular-structure
adjuvant.