bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effects of diabetes mellitus on left internal thoracic artery flow patterns in patients scheduled to undergo coronary bypass graft surgery
Authors: Aydın Ufuk , Engin Mesut , Kat Nurcan Kacmaz , AS Ahmet Kağan , Demirel Abdurrahman , Tatlı Ahmet Burak , Demirci Hakan , Ata Yusuf , Türk Tamer
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Diabetes mellitus (DM) plays a key role in the formation and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of DM and glycemic control on left internal thoracic artery (LITA) Doppler flow in patients scheduled to undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Methods

Patients who were hospitalized with a planned isolated CABG operation to our clinic between October 1, 2019 and March 1, 2020 were consecutively included in this prospective study. The patients were divided into three groups as those without DM (Group 1), those with DM and HbA1c values of below 7.5 (Group 2), and those with DM and HbA1c values of 7.5 and above (Group 3). The differences between the LITA Doppler flow patterns of the patients were analyzed.

Results

The mean ages of Group 1 (n = 103), Group 2 (n = 42), and Group 3 (n = 47) were 59.8 ± 9.6 years, 60.5 ± 9.3 years, and 61.9 ± 8.1 years, respectively. The groups differed in terms of diameter, volume, Vmax, pulsality index (PI), and resistive index (RI) values, both when the groups were compared among themselves (P < .001, for all), and when they were compared between those with (Groups 2 and 3) and without DM (Group 1) (P < .001, for all). Volume (R = −0.627, P < .001) and Vmax (R = −.450, P < .001) were moderately negatively correlated, while PI (R = .523, P < .001) and RI (R = 0.598, P < 0.001) were moderately positively correlated with HbA1c levels.

Conclusion

In this study, we showed that increased HbA1c levels may be associated with significant functional and structural changes of LITA.
Perspectives on career and college readiness self‐efficacy of Latinx adolescents: A thematic analysis
Authors: Martinez Robert R. , Baker Stanley
Published: May 2022

Findings from a previous study indicated that a career and college readiness curriculum intervention was less effective for Latinx ninth grade students than for other ethnicity cohorts. Eleven Latinx members of the treatment group in the previous study volunteered for interviews designed to better understand their career and college readiness experiences. Four themes emerged. Three of the themes had not been highlighted in the reviewed professional literature. Recommendations for practice and research are presented.
Higher intensive care unit consultations for COVID‐19 patients living with HIV compared to those without HIV coinfection in Uganda
Authors: Fleischer Brian , Olum Ronald , Nakwagala Frederick Nelson , Nassozi Dianah Rhodah , Pitua Ivaan , Paintsil Elijah , Baluku Joseph Baruch , Bongomin Felix
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) is the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. Whether or not HIV infection affects clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 remains inconclusive. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) and non‐HIV‐infected patients hospitalized during the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Uganda. We retrospectively retrieved data on patients with COVID‐19 who were admitted to the Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda between April 2021 and mid‐July 2021. We performed propensity‐score‐matching of 1:5 to compare outcomes in COVID‐19 patients living with and those without HIV coinfection (controls). We included 31 PLWH and 155 non‐HIV controls. The baseline characteristics were similar across groups (all p values > 0.05). PLWH had close to threefold higher odds of having ICU consultation compared to controls (odds ratio [OR]: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2–6.9, p = 0.015). There was a trend toward having a severe or critical COVID‐19 illness among PLWHIH compared to controls (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 0.8–4.7, p = 0.164). Length of hospitalization was not significantly different between PLWH and non‐HIV controls (6 days vs. 7 days, p = 0.184). Seven‐day survival was 63% (95% CI: 42%–78%) among PLWH and 72% (95% CI: 61%–82%) among controls while 14‐day survival was 50% (95% CI: 28%–69%) among PLWH and 65% (95% CI: 55%–73%) among controls (p = 0.280). There was another trend toward having 1.7‐fold higher odds of mortality among PLWH compared to controls (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.8–3.8, p = 0.181). Our data suggest that PLWH may be at an increased risk of severe or critical COVID‐19 illness requiring ICU consultation. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.
Insect repellent pellets – an application of botanicals against red flour beetle – their antifungal activity during storage and use as potential fumigants
Authors: Mangang Irengbam Barun , Manickam Loganathan
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

The protection of grains from insect infestation is critical during storage. Insect repellent pellets (IRPs) are a potential technique to repel insects by hindering insect movement toward the grains. The basic principle of IRPs is the use of active components found in the oils of lemongrass, eucalyptus, and neem leaves for the controlled release of fumes, thereby avoiding the need for reapplication after a few days. Here, we examined the antifungal activity, the lethal dose, and the repelling effect of IRPs against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, over a 30 day period.

RESULTS

We observed that IRPs possessed antifungal properties and were able to repel the adults of T. castaneum. These insects ultimately died from the fumes if they manage to stay near the IRPs (LD50 = 2 and LD99 = 7 days). The active components (phenol, 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐, citral, neral, geraniol, n‐hexadecanoic acid) present in IRP during the initial stage were also found after a storage period of 35 days.

CONCLUSION

The active components present in IRPs have antifungal, repellent, and fumigant properties. The IRPs can thus be termed potent botanical insecticides and are an alternative to synthetic insecticides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Inhibitory potential of phenolic compounds of Thai colored rice (Oryza sativa L.) against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase through in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Sansenya Sompong , Payaka Apirak
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

This study investigated the inhibitory efficiency of phenolic compounds content methyl vanillate, syringic acid and vanillic acid against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase. The phenolic compound contents of 10 Thai colored rice cultivars were also determined, and the relationship between the inhibitory efficiency of colored rice extract with methyl vanillate, syringic acid and vanillic acid was evaluated.

RESULTS

The results revealed that the inhibition efficiency of methyl vanillate, syringic acid and vanillic acid was higher against α‐glucosidase than against α‐amylase. Inhibitory activity of vanillic acid against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase was highest, with IC50 of 0.100 ± 0.01 and 0.130 ± 0.02 mmol L−1, respectively. Docking study showed strong binding by three hydrogen bonds and four hydrogen bonds between vanillic acid with the amino acid in the binding site of α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase, respectively. Inhibition modes of these phenolic compounds were defined as a mixed type inhibition against α‐glucosidase. Highest phenolic compound contents of methyl vanillate, syringic acid and vanillic acid were obtained from methanol extracts of all rice cultivars. The methanol extracts of all colored rice cultivars such as Khao Leum Pua also showed the highest inhibition potential against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase. The results indicated that these phenolic compound contents were closely related to the inhibition potential of colored rice extracts against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that rice, especially colored rice cultivars, has the source of phenolic compounds. Moreover, the phenolic compounds had the greatest source of natural inhibitor against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of humectants and Zygosaccharomyces bailii inoculation on the physical stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions modeling salad dressings
Authors: Zalazar Aldana L , Lara Virgina M , Gliemmo María F , Campos Carmen A
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Salad dressing formulations include a pH within 3.2–4.1, salt and other solutes to depress water activity. The interaction between hydrocolloids and other components such as humectants determines their physical and microbiological stability. To our knowledge, the effect of commonly used solutes on physical stability and rheological characteristics of oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized by xanthan gum has not been reported, and neither has the effect of a spoilage yeast on physical stability been evaluated.

RESULTS

The effect of different humectants (sodium chloride, glucose and xylitol) and Zygosaccharomyces bailii inoculation on the stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions containing different levels of xanthan gum to emulate different types of salad dressings was investigated by means of droplet size, zeta potential, rheological measurements and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Generally, the addition of humectants strengthened the weak or strong emulsion structure, especially xylitol. Glucose or xylitol acted as stabilizers since they decreased Sauter and De Broucker diameter. On the contrary, NaCl destabilized the emulsions since it increased droplet size and exhibited the lowest absolute values of zeta potential. Inoculation with Z. bailii destabilized some emulsions since it increased Sauter and De Broucker diameter. Emulsion droplet size, polydispersity, and xanthan gum and yeast location were confirmed by CLSM imaging.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the key role of humectants and xanthan gum level on physical characteristics and stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions. Addition of xylitol leads to an enhancement in emulsion rheology and physical stability, suggesting that it is a potential low‐calorie multifunctional additive for salad dressings. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysis of robot‐assisted nipple‐sparing mastectomy using the da Vinci SP system
Authors: Go Jieon , Ahn Jee Hyun , Park Jung Min , Choi Soon Bo , Lee Jeea , Kim Jee Ye , Park Hyung Seok
Published: May 2022

Background

As patients tend to be diagnosed with breast cancer at an early stage, the demand for better cosmetic outcomes has increased. Several studies revealed that robot‐assisted nipple‐sparing mastectomy (RNSM) shows favorable outcomes. The aim of the study was to reveal the feasibility of RNSM using the da Vinci single‐port (SP) system with a minimal incision, hidden in the arm.

Methods

From 2018 to 2021, 81 cases (70 patients) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic characteristics, operative outcomes, and postoperative complications were evaluated. The operative outcomes were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

The median age was 42 years (range, 26–60 years). Bilateral RNSM was performed in 11 (27.2%) patients. The median size of the initial skin incision was 40 mm (range, 20–55 mm). Immediate reconstruction with direct‐to‐implant was performed in 54 (66.7%) patients and deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps in 15 (18.5%) patients. Postoperative complications of Clavien–Dindo Classification III occurred in six (7.5%) patients. Patients reconstructed with a DIEP flap had large breasts with more severe ptosis, yet grade III complications did not occur.

Conclusions

RNSM using the SP system can be applied for curative and risk‐reducing mastectomy, regardless of breast size or ptosis grade.
Lack of Association Between a Quantified Lung Ultrasound Score and Illness Severity in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients With Acute Lower Respiratory Infections
Authors: Kessler David , Dessie Almaz , Kanjanauptom Panida , Vindas Marc , Ng Lorraine , Youssef Mariam M. , Birger Ruthie , Shaman Jeff , Dayan Peter
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Lung ultrasound (LUS) may help determine illness severity in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) but limited pediatric studies exist. Our objective was to determine the association between LUS findings and illness severity in children with LRTI.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study of patients <20 years with LRTI. Trained investigators performed standardized LUS examinations of 12 regions. Blinded sonologists reviewed examinations for individual pathologic features and also calculated a Quantified Lung Ultrasound Score (QLUS). We defined focal severity as QLUS of ≥2 in ≥1 region, and diffuse severity as QLUS of ≥1 in ≥3 regions. The primary outcome was the Respiratory component of the Pediatric Early Warning Score (RPEWS), a 14‐item scale measuring respiratory illness severity. Secondary outcomes included hospital admission, length of stay, supplemental oxygen, and antibiotic use.

Results

We enrolled 85 patients with LRTIs, 46 (54%) whom were hospitalized (5.4% intensive care). Median RPEWS was 1 (interquartile range 2). Neither individual features on ultrasound nor total QLUS were associated with RPEWS, hospitalization, length of stay, or oxygen use. Mean RPEWS was similar for participants regardless of focal (1.46 versus 1.26, P = .57) or diffuse (1.47 versus 1.21, P = .47) severity findings, but those with focal or diffuse severity, or isolated consolidation, had greater antibiotic administration (P < .001).

Conclusions

In children with LRTI, neither individual features nor QLUS were associated with illness severity. Antibiotics were more likely in patients with either focal or diffuse severity or presence of consolidation on ultrasound.
A novel MPZL2 c.68delC variant is associated with progressive hearing loss in Chinese population and literature review
Authors: Wang Zhili , Jiang Mengda , Wu Hao , Li Yun , Chen Ying
Published: May 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify genetic etiology in two unrelated Chinese probands with progressive sensorineural hearing loss.

Methods

Two unrelated Chinese families were recruited. Genetic etiology was identified by targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and verified by Sanger sequencing. Hearing evaluations included pure tone audiometry, auditory brainstem response to clicks, and otoscopic examination. Medical history and computerized tomography scan of temporal bone were also collected. In addition, linear regression was used to summarize all of the reported cases and estimate the progression of hearing loss.

Results

A 28‐year‐old man with variant c.68delC had progressive, moderately severe hearing loss and a suspicious history of renal impairment. His hearing result was 63.75 dB HL. The other proband was the youngest patient with MPZL2‐related hearing loss reported so far in the literature (genotype: c.220C>T homozygote). Her hearing result by click‐ABR was 25 dB nHL at 3 months of age, and deteriorated to 40 dB nHL at 15 months. Behavioral audiometry identified a hearing loss of 26.25 dB HL. In summarizing all of the reported cases, using linear regression, MPZL2‐related hearing loss may deteriorate by 0.59 dB HL per year, and different MPZL2 variants may lead to different rates of progression.

Conclusion

In this study, we first identified two unrelated patients with MPZL2‐related hearing loss in Chinese population, and a novel variant c.68delC. Our results expanded the mutation spectrum of deafness genes. Further studies are required to clarify the genotype–phenotype correlation and the progression of MPZL2‐related hearing loss.
Non‐Covalent Cross‐Linking Does the Job: Why PIM‐1/Silicalite‐1 Mixed Matrix Membranes Perform Well Notwithstanding Silicalite‐1
Authors: Santaniello Anna , Golemme Giovanni
Published: May 2022

The macroscopic modeling of gas transport in mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) made of a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM‐1) and silicalite1 (MFI) is compared to the experimental results presented in a previous paper, which shows unexpectedly large gas separation factors, although the silicalite‐1 filler is practically nonselective. The mismatch between the predictions of the Maxwell model and the experiments is zeroed by the recognition of nonideal effects, the extent of which is evaluated. The good performance of the PIM‐1 MMM is explained by non‐covalent cross‐linking of the PIM‐1 matrix. Cross‐linking results from π−π stacking interactions between the 2‐phenylethyl grafts on the outer surface of the MFI crystals and the aromatic ladder segments of PIM‐1, in agreement with the current explanation of the good transport performance of PIM‐1 MMMs containing porous aromatic fillers (e.g., PAF‐1).
Benefits and Risks of a Staged‐Bilateral VIM Versus Unilateral VIM DBS for Essential Tremor
Authors: Prakash Prarthana , Deuschl Guenther , Ozinga Sarah , Mitchell Kyle T. , Cheeran Binith , Larson Paul S. , Merola Aristide , Groppa Sergiu , Tomlinson Tucker , Ostrem Jill L.
Published: May 2022

Background

Despite over 30 years of clinical experience, high‐quality studies on the efficacy of bilateral versus unilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate (VIM) nucleus of the thalamus for medically refractory essential tremor (ET) remain limited.

Objectives

To compare benefits and risks of bilateral versus unilateral VIM DBS using the largest ET DBS clinical trial dataset available to date.

Methods

Participants from the US St. Jude/Abbott pivotal ET DBS trial who underwent staged‐bilateral VIM implantation constituted the primary cohort in this sub‐analysis. Their assessments “on” DBS at six months after second‐side VIM DBS implantation were compared to the assessments six months after unilateral implantation. Two control cohorts of participants with unilateral implantation only were also used for between‐group comparisons.

Results

The primary cohort consisted of n = 38 ET patients (22M/16F; age of 65.3 ± 9.5 years). The second side VIM‐DBS resulted in a 29.6% additional improvement in the total motor CRST score (P < 0.001), with a 64.1% CRST improvement in the contralateral side (P < 0.001). An added improvement was observed in the axial tremor score (21.4%, P = 0.005), and CRST part B (24.8%, P < 0.001) score. Rate of adverse events was slightly higher after bilateral stimulation.

Conclusions

In the largest ET DBS study to date, staged‐bilateral VIM DBS was a highly effective treatment for ET with bilateral implantation resulting in greater reduction in total motor tremor scores when compared to unilateral stimulation alone.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: First demonstration of a founder effect in Italy; the ACVRL1 c.289_294del variant originated in the country of Bergamo 200 years ago
Authors: Sbalchiero Anna , Abu Hweij Yasmin , Mazza Tommaso , Buscarini Elisabetta , Scotti Claudia , Pagella Fabio , Manfredi Guido , Matti Elina , Spinozzi Giuseppe , Olivieri Carla
Published: May 2022

Background

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder, affecting 1:5000 individuals worldwide. All the genes associated to the disease (ENG, ACVRL1, SMAD4, GDF2) belong to the TGF‐β/BMPs signaling pathway.

We found 19 HHT unrelated families, coming from a Northern Italy region and sharing the ACVRL1 in‐frame deletion c.289_294del (p.H97_N98).

Methods

To test the hypothesis of a founder effect, we analyzed 88 subjects from 19 families (66 variant carriers, showing clinical signs of HHT, and 22 non‐carriers, unaffected) using eight microsatellite markers within 3.7 Mb around the ACVRL1 locus. After the haplotype reconstruction, age estimation of the variant was carried out.

Results

We observed a common disease haplotype in 16/19 families, while three families showed evidence of recombination around the ACVRL1 locus. The subsequent age estimation analyses suggested that the mutation occurred about 8 generations ago, corresponding to about 200 years ago. We also present novel in silico and modeling data supporting the variant pathogenicity: the deletion alters the protein stability and removes the unique extracellular glycosylation site.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated, for the first time, a “founder effect” for a HHT pathogenic variant in Italy.
Axisymmetrical analytical solution to the transient heat transfer problem in geological media
Authors: Cheng Xiaohui , Lu Xiaoyu , Liu Ziqi
Published: May 2022

Laplace transforms were used in this paper to obtain analytical solutions for the axisymmetric problem under a constant well temperature using the convective heat transfer boundary condition, which included the conduction and convection in the aquifer as well as heat exchange at the boundary. This solution curve intuitively illustrates the temperature distribution within the aquifer. The effects of various parameters on this analytical solution were analyzed. According to this parametric analysis there exists a quasi‐steady‐state of temperature distribution in the axisymmetrical situation, which is different from the planar symmetry problem. In addition, the thermal breakthrough increases with the injected rate and decreases with the increasing convective heat transfer coefficient. Our analytical solution matched the results yielded by the numerical simulation quite well.
Internalized weight stigma in women with class III obesity: A randomized controlled trial of a virtual lifestyle modification intervention followed by a mindful self‐compassion intervention
Authors: Braun Tosca D. , Olson Kayloni , Panza Emily , Lillis Jason , Schumacher Leah , Abrantes Ana M. , Kunicki Zachary , Unick Jessica L.
Published: May 2022

Background

Internalized weight stigma (Internalized‐WS) is prevalent among individuals with severe obesity, particularly women, and is associated with shame, disordered eating, and weight gain. Effective, accessible interventions that address both severe (Class‐III) obesity and Internalized‐WS are needed. This randomized pilot trial evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a fully‐remote lifestyle modification intervention (LM) followed by mindful self‐compassion training (MSC) or control.

Methods

Twenty‐eight women with Class‐III obesity (46.6 ± 3.7 kg/m2) and elevated Internalized‐WS were randomized to a virtually‐delivered 4‐month LM followed by a 2‐month MSC or cooking/dietary education (CON). Psychosocial measures/weight were assessed at baseline, 4‐(post‐LM), 6‐(post‐MSC/CON), and 9‐month (follow‐up).

Results

Improvements in Internalized‐WS, shame, and self‐compassion were observed with LM. Mean 4‐month weight loss was 6.3 ± 3.7%. MSC had lower attendance and usefulness ratings versus CON. Post‐MSC/CON, MSC yielded significant and/or meaningful improvements in Internalized‐WS, self‐compassion, and intuitive eating relative to CON. Weight loss did not differ by group at 6‐month, and at 9‐month trended lower in MSC versus CON.

Conclusion

Virtual LM is feasible, acceptable, and leads to significant weight loss among women with severe obesity; MSC led to further improved Internalized‐WS, self‐compassion, and intuitive eating. Continued work is needed to elucidate effects of self‐compassion training on Internalized‐WS, its mechanisms, and linkages to cardiometabolic health and long‐term weight loss.
Thermal analysis and tribo‐performance evaluation of multilayered graphene and graphite based fly ash filled banana fiber reinforced brake friction composites
Authors: Ahlawat Vishal , Tewatia Praveen , Nain Sunil , Kumar Raj , Kumar Sunil , Singh Tej
Published: May 2022

This study compared thermal and tribological properties of multilayered graphene‐based flyash filled and banana fiber reinforced brake friction composites with graphite‐based specimens. Two series of brake friction composites by varying the content of graphene/graphite (1, 2, and 3 wt%) were manufactured and tribo‐evaluated using a pin‐on‐disc type tribo‐tester. Tribological properties of the brake friction composites were studied at varying test conditions of normal load (50 and 150 N) and sliding velocity (3.3 and 9.9 m/s). Compared to graphene, the thermal stability remains higher for graphite lubricated composites and decreases with increased graphite/graphene loading. The developed graphite/graphene brake friction composites resulted in a reduction in friction coefficient with increasing sliding velocity and normal loads. The graphene‐filled composite exhibited higher friction performance with enhanced wear resistance at lower sliding velocity than graphite‐based composites. The friction performance of graphite‐filled composites and the graphene‐filled composite's wear resistance remains highest at higher sliding velocity conditions. Moreover, it is observed that the wear rate of graphene lubricated composites remains 21%–35% lowers than the graphite‐filled composite. Finally, the worn composite surfaces were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy to study the possible wear mechanisms and to understand the nature of the formed contact patches/plateaus remain vital for deciding the tribological behavior of the composites.
Effects of different weaving patterns on thermomechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of Kevlar/pineapple leaf fiber hybrid composites
Authors: Jeyaguru Sangilimuthukumar , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Pulikkalparambil Harikrishnan , Siengchin Suchart , Krishnasamy Senthilkumar , Rajkumar Arpitha Gulihonenahali , Muthukumar Chandrasekar , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere
Published: May 2022

In the present study, different weaving patterns (plain, twill, and basket types) on intra‐ply Kevlar and pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) woven hybrid fabrics with epoxy matrix composites were fabricated using compression molding process and their thermomechanical and dynamic mechanical characteristics were examined. From the results, it was evident that pure Kevlar composites have the best flexural, impact, and interlaminar shear strength properties of all composites. However, the basket type weaving pattern on intra‐ply hybrid composites possesses better flexural strength of 282 MPa and flexural modulus of 6 GPa, the impact strength of 16.3 kJ/m2, interlaminar shear strength of 3.43 MPa. Moreover, it is observed that the pure Kevlar and twill type weaving patterns have better thermal stability compared to the remaining composites. The dynamic mechanical analysis results observed plain type intra‐ply hybrid composites possess enhanced storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan delta values due to their greater interfacial adhesion between Kevlar and PALF fiber with epoxy matrix. The differential scanning calorimetry results showed both basket weave and twill weave hybrid composites had the greatest glass transition temperature values of 78 and 76°C, respectively. Further, the thermomechanical analysis showed basket type hybrid composites have the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion and highest glass transition temperature value of 63.34°C. To conclude, these intra‐ply hybrid composites have enhanced mechanical strength and thermal stability, indicating suitable automotive interior parts applications.
Myocardial infarction associated with erenumab: A case report
Authors: Perino Justine , Corand Virginie , Laurent Elise , Théophile Hélène , Miremont‐Salamé Ghada , Pariente Antoine , Colas Jean‐Laurent , Couffinhal Thierry , Salvo Francesco
Published: May 2022

Background

Monoclonal antibodies acting on the calcitonin gene‐related peptide or its receptor (CGRP‐mabs) are novel drugs for resistant migraine prophylaxis. As CGRP‐mabs cause inhibition of vasodilatation, their use is reserved to patients with no recent history of cardiovascular diseases. We report a case of myocardial infarction associated with erenumab.

Case

A 57‐year‐old woman with a familial history of coronaropathy was first treated with erenumab 70 mg for 6 months and then increased to 140 mg. Almost 5 months after, the patient presented chest pain, increased troponin, and abnormal electrocardiogram. A myocardial infarction without coronarography abnormality was diagnosed through MRI.

Conclusion

Further evidence is needed to assess the risk of myocardial infarction in patients treated with a CGRP‐mab. In patients over 40 years of age, the risk of coronary or cardiovascular events should be assessed using risk tables or algorithms to take into account cardiovascular risk factors. This may be complemented by appropriate examinations to measure the burden of coronary atherosclerosis, if necessary.
Complicated streamer dynamics in petal‐like patterns formed on the substrate downstream of an argon plasma jet
Authors: Wu Kaiyue , Zhao Na , Wu Jiacun , Zhang Furong , Niu Mengyu , Ran Junxia , Jia Pengying , Li Xuechen
Published: May 2022

Streamer behaviors, related to discharge patterns, can determine the distribution of active species, which play an important role in the applications of the plasma jet. In this article, petal‐like patterns formed on the substrate are observed for the first time downstream of an argon plasma jet. The penta‐petalous pattern is taken as an example to discuss the pattern formation mechanism, which results from two positive discharges (Dp1 and Dp2) and one negative discharge (Dn) in every voltage cycle. Fast photography is implemented to reveal the complicated streamer dynamics of Dp2. Results indicate that Dp2 with a low Q undergoes a stripe phase, a homogeneous phase, and a branch phase. The complicated streamer dynamics of Dp2 are analyzed based on optical emission spectra.
Role of soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells‐1 and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D as early diagnostic markers of neonatal Ventilator‐associated pneumonia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: El‐Sheikh Mai , Elmahdy Heba , Nassar Mohammed , Fouda Mohamed , Ibrahim Ashraf , Al‐Beltagi Mohammed
Published: May 2022

Background

Ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common causes of nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated neonates. Nevertheless, its diagnosis is challenging due to the nonspecific clinical parameters and the lack of sensitive biomarkers. The main objective of this study was to compare soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (sTREM‐1) and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D as early predictors of neonatal VAP.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 85 ventilated neonates divided into the VAP group (n = 33) and the non‐VAP group (n = 52). sTREM‐1 levels in the endotracheal aspirate (ETA) and serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured on the third and seventh days following mechanical ventilation. The Ethical and Research Committee approved the study at Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt (with the Approval code: 32751/12/18).

Results

The sTREM‐1 cutoff value of >0.46 and >0.44 ng/ml at 3 and 7 days had a sensitivity of 93.94% and 96.97%, a specificity of 92.31% and 100%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.963 and 0.993, respectively, to predict the development of neonatal VAP. A serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D cutoff value of ≤17.5 ng/ml at 3 and 7 days had a sensitivity of 90.91% and 81.82%, a specificity of 75% and 78.85%, and area under the curve of 0.877 and 0.939, respectively.

Conclusion

Both sTREM‐1 in ETA and serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D could be used as early predictors of neonatal VAP, but sTREM‐1 appears more useful.
Emergency department‐initiated home oxygen for viral bronchiolitis: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Martínez Carlos E. , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. , Nino Gustavo
Published: May 2022

Objective

The use of emergency department (ED)‐initiated outpatient oxygen therapy has been considered to be a possible alternative to hospitalization for otherwise healthy‐appearing, well‐hydrated infants with uncomplicated disease. However, a formal economic evaluation of this treatment strategy is lacking. The aim of the present study was to compare the cost‐effectiveness of ED‐initiated outpatient oxygen therapy versus conventional inpatient hospitalization in infants with uncomplicated hypoxic bronchiolitis living in Bogota, the high‐altitude capital city of Colombia, a middle‐income country (MIC).

Methods

A decision analysis model was developed to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of ED‐initiated outpatient oxygen therapy versus hospitalization. The main outcome of the model was avoidance of admission to a high‐dependency unit.

Results

Compared to hospitalization, ED‐initiated outpatient oxygen therapy was associated with lower total costs (US$306.7 vs. US$638.7 average cost per patient) and a higher probability of avoidance of admission to a high‐dependency unit (0.9528 vs. 0.8960), thus leading to dominance. The results were robust to deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that in infants attending the ED with an uncomplicated hypoxic bronchiolitis episode in the city of Bogota, a high‐altitude city, ED‐initiated outpatient oxygen therapy is a dominant strategy compared to conventional inpatient hospitalization, because it involves a higher probability of avoidance of admission to a high‐dependency unit, at lower total treatment costs.
Spin‐Chain‐Star Systems: Entangling Multiple Chains of Spin Qubits
Authors: Grimaudo Roberto , Magalhães de Castro Antonio Sergio , Messina Antonino , Valenti Davide
Published: May 2022

We consider spin‐chain‐star systems characterized byN‐wise many‐body interactions between the spins in each chain and the central one. We show that such systems can be exactly mapped into standard spin‐star systems through unitary transformations. Such an approach allows the solution of the dynamic problem of an spin‐chain‐star model and transparently shows the emergence of quantum correlations in the system, based on the idea of entanglement between chains.
EOS789, pan‐phosphate transporter inhibitor, ameliorates the progression of kidney injury in anti‐GBM‐induced glomerulonephritis rats
Authors: Tsuboi Yoshinori , Ichida Yasuhiro , Murai Atsuko , Maeda Akira , Iida Manami , Kato Atsuhiko , Ohtomo Shuichi , Horiba Naoshi
Published: May 2022

Hyperphosphatemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not only dysregulates mineral metabolism and bone diseases, but also strongly contributes to the progression of kidney disease itself. We have identified a novel drug for hyperphosphatemia, EOS789, that interacts with several sodium‐dependent phosphate transporters (NaPi‐IIb, PiT‐1, and PiT‐2) known to contribute to intestinal phosphate absorption. In this study, we investigated whether EOS789 could ameliorate kidney disease progression in glomerulonephritis rats. Anti‐glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis was induced in rats by intravenously administering two types of anti‐rat GBM antibodies. We evaluated the effect of EOS789 administered in food admixture on hyperphosphatemia and kidney disease progression. In an anti‐GBM nephritis rats, which exhibit a significant increase in serum phosphate and a decline in renal function, EOS789 dose‐dependently improved hyperphosphatemia and EOS789 at 0.3% food admixture significantly ameliorated kidney dysfunction as shown in the decline of serum creatinine and BUN. Renal histopathology analysis showed that EOS789 significantly decreased crescent formation in glomeruli. To elucidate the mechanism underlying glomerular disease progression, human mesangial cells were used. High phosphate concentration in media significantly increased the expression of Collagen 1A1, 3A1, and αSMA mRNA in human mesangial cells and EOS789 dose‐dependently suppressed these fibrotic markers. These results indicate that EOS789 prevented glomerular crescent formation caused by mesangial fibrosis by ameliorating hyperphosphatemia. In conclusion, EOS789 would not only be useful against hyperphosphatemia but may also have the potential to relieve mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescent formation.
Metal nanoparticles against fungicide resistance: alternatives or partners?
Authors: Malandrakis Anastasios A. , Kavroulakis Nektarios , Chrysikopoulos Constantinos V.
Published: May 2022

Chemical control suffers from the loss of available conventional active ingredients due to strict environmental safety regulations which, combined with the loss of fungicide efficacy due to resistance development, constitute major problems of contemporary crop protection. Metal‐containing nanoparticles (MNPs) appear to have all the credentials to be next‐generation, eco‐compatible fungicide alternatives and a valuable anti‐resistance management tool. Could the introduction of MNPs as nano‐fungicides be the answer to both reducing the environmental footprint of xenobiotics and dealing with fungicide resistance? The potential of MNPs to be utilized as nano‐fungicides, both as alternatives to conventional fungicides or/and as partners in combating fungicide resistance, is discussed in terms of effectiveness, potential antimicrobial mechanisms as well as synergy profiles with conventional fungicides. However, their “golden” potential to be used both as alternatives and partners of conventional fungicides to combat resistance and reduce environmental pollution is challenged by undesirable effects towards non‐target organisms such as phytotoxicity, toxicity to humans and environmental ecotoxicity, constituting risks that should be considered before their commercial introduction as nano‐pesticides at a large scale. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Deep compartment models: A deep learning approach for the reliable prediction of time‐series data in pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Janssen Alexander , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Cnossen Marjon H. , Mathôt Ron A. A. ,   the OPTI‐CLOT study group and SYMPHONY consortium
Published: May 2022

Nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) models are the gold standard for the analysis of patient response following drug exposure. However, these types of models are complex and time‐consuming to develop. There is great interest in the adoption of machine‐learning methods, but most implementations cannot be reliably extrapolated to treatment strategies outside of the training data. In order to solve this problem, we propose the deep compartment model (DCM), a combination of neural networks and ordinary differential equations. Using simulated datasets of different sizes, we show that our model remains accurate when training on small data sets. Furthermore, using a real‐world data set of patients with hemophilia A receiving factor VIII concentrate while undergoing surgery, we show that our model more accurately predicts a priori drug concentrations compared to a previous NLME model. In addition, we show that our model correctly describes the changing drug concentration over time. By adopting pharmacokinetic principles, the DCM allows for simulation of different treatment strategies and enables therapeutic drug monitoring.
Mesoscale evaluation of AMPS using AWARE radar observations of a wind and precipitation event over the Ross Island region of Antarctica
Authors: Kingsmill David E. , Seefeldt Mark W. , Cassano John J.
Published: May 2022

Surface, upper‐air, and radar observations are used to assess the performance of the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) in simulating the mesoscale aspects of a wind and precipitation event over the Ross Island region of Antarctica that spanned January 16–20, 2016. The observations, collected during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE), provide a unique dataset for evaluating AMPS, especially the radar observations that facilitate a three‐dimensional depiction of winds and precipitation. Comparisons of AMPS forecast data with surface meteorology, balloon‐sounding, and profiling radar observations at and above sites near McMurdo Station reveal a mixture of similarities and differences. A generally southerly flow is evident at low levels in both the AMPS simulations and observed Doppler radial velocities. AMPS winds are comparable to those observed at the surface and aloft in terms of magnitude, direction, and timing but the strongest simulated southerly flow is displaced eastward relative to the observations. AMPS‐simulated reflectivity over the broader Ross Island region is more limited in areal extent and smaller in magnitude than observed by a scanning Doppler radar. Three episodes of surface precipitation are observed near McMurdo Station over the five‐day event with peak rates of ∼3 mm h−1 and a total accumulation of ∼22 mm. However, AMPS produces no surface precipitation at that location over the five‐day event due to a low‐level dry bias in the forecasts. The results show the first observationally based three‐dimensional understanding of meteorology in the Ross Island region.
Paradoxical cause of weaning failure: Post tracheostomy foreign body causing non‐resolving pneumonia with worsening failure to wean
Authors: Mangla Loveleen , Thote Sagar , Talwar Dhruv , Talwar Deepak
Published: May 2022

The Percutaneous technique for tracheostomy has become the standard procedure, due to its ease in placement, minimal complications, and has almost replaced the traditional open (surgical) tracheostomy in intensive care units. We describe a case of broken tracheal cartilage which slipped into the tracheobronchial tree following percutaneous tracheostomy (PCT), impinging and causing collapse of medial basal segment of right lower lobe.
Adaptive fractional order predictive sliding mode control for congestion control of wireless access networks
Authors: Khoshnevisan Ladan , Liu Xinzhi
Published: May 2022

This article studies congestion control of wireless access networks. In a wireless access network, it is necessary to design a robust active queue management (RAQM) technique to control congestion occurrence and to make the network robust simultaneously against some issues in the wireless link aspects, such as packet error rate (PER) and fading effects. On the other hand, a network is often described by a nonlinear model, in which the delayed packet drop probability is assumed as the input signal. So in this article, a RAQM technique is proposed based on an adaptive fractional order predictive sliding mode control (AFOPSMC) method, through which the following are achieved: (1) the stability of the nonlinear system with input delay is assured, (2) the congestion occurrence is prevented by controlling the queue measurement to the desired value, (3) the robustness against the external disturbances is achieved, and (4) the input signal obtained by the controller is limited between 0 and 1. In contrast to most recently published papers where input delay is ignored in the system description and input saturation is achieved through designing parameters, this article at first proposes a predictor to eliminate the input delay and then designs a compensated system to deal with the input signal constraint. Furthermore, the chattering phenomena, as a commonly caused issue in the sliding mode control, is eliminated based on the adaptive laws designed for the controller parameters. The theoretical results are validated and compared with some other related protocols through numerical simulations using Simulink and professional network simulator 2 (NS2).
Venture capital exit pressure and venture exit: A board perspective
Authors: Yao Ting , O'Neill Hugh
Published: May 2022

Research Summary

Venture capital funds have a limited lifecycle. As the fund ages, venture capitalists (VCs) are motivated to promote venture exit discussions with the venture board. We investigate the impact of VCs' exit pressure on the hazard of four types of venture exit (IPO, high‐value M&A, low‐value M&A, and liquidation), considering how VCs' exit pressure influences board collaboration. We find that while the VCs' exit pressure does not affect the hazard of IPOs, the pressure significantly increases the hazard of M&A and liquidation. Achieving important milestones does not reduce the impact of exit pressure on the hazard of low‐value M&A and liquidation. Independent directors moderate the impact of the VC's exit pressure, increasing the hazard of high‐value M&A and lessening the hazard of liquidation.

Managerial Summary

We investigate whether VCs' exit pressure due to an approaching deadline for fund liquidation influences the time to venture exit and how board composition affects the relationship between VCs' exit pressure and venture exit. Data from a sample of 219 VC‐backed U.S. surgical device ventures founded during 1989–2014 suggest that VCs' exit pressure decreases the time to M&A (both high‐value and low‐value M&A) and liquidation. Boards with more independent directors facilitate high‐value M&A and delay liquidation. VCs' exit pressure does not affect the time to IPO. These results provide evidence of the impact of the venture capital fund's finite life on investees other than the VCs and confirm the crucial role of independent directors in managing VCs' exit pressure.
Hydrogel Nanoarchitectonics: An Evolving Paradigm for Ultrasensitive Biosensing
Authors: Nishat Zakia Sultana , Hossain Tanvir , Islam Md. Nazmul , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Wahab Md A. , Moni Mohammad Ali , Salomon Carlos , Amin Mohammed A. , Sina Abu Ali Ibn , Hossain Md Shahriar A. , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Yamauchi Yusuke , Masud Mostafa Kamal
Published: May 2022

The integration of nanoarchitectonics and hydrogel into conventional biosensing platforms offers the opportunities to design physically and chemically controlled and optimized soft structures with superior biocompatibility, better immobilization of biomolecules, and specific and sensitive biosensor design. The physical and chemical properties of 3D hydrogel structures can be modified by integrating with nanostructures. Such modifications can enhance their responsiveness to mechanical, optical, thermal, magnetic, and electric stimuli, which in turn can enhance the practicality of biosensors in clinical settings. This review describes the synthesis and kinetics of gel networks and exploitation of nanostructure‐integrated hydrogels in biosensing. With an emphasis on different integration strategies of hydrogel with nanostructures, this review highlights the importance of hydrogel nanostructures as one of the most favorable candidates for developing ultrasensitive biosensors. Moreover, hydrogel nanoarchitectonics are also portrayed as a promising candidate for fabricating next‐generation robust biosensors.
Carbon dots crosslinked gel polymer electrolytes for dendrite‐free and long‐cycle lithium metal batteries
Authors: Huang Zun‐Hui , Wei Ji‐Shi , Song Tian‐Bing , Ni Jia‐Wen , Wang Fei , Xiong Huan‐Ming
Published: May 2022

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with extremely high energy densities have several advantages among energy storage equipment. However, the uncontrolled growth of dendrites and the flammable liquid electrolytes (LEs) often cause safety accidents. All solid‐state batteries seem to be the ultimate choice, but solvent‐free electrolytes usually fail in terms of conductivity at room temperature. Therefore, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with a simple manufacturing process and high ionic conductivity are considered as the most competitive candidates to resolve the present difficulties. Herein, we design a polymeric network structure via esterification and amidation reactions between polyethylene glycol (PEG) and carbon dots (CDs). After incorporation with polyvinylidene fluoride and some LEs, the as‐prepared PEG–CDs composite electrolytes (PCCEs) show a high ionic conductivity of 5.5 mS/cm and an ion transference number of 0.71 at room temperature, as well as good flexibility and thermostability. When the PCCEs are assembled with lithium metal anodes and LiFePO4 or LiCoO2 cathodes, both the cycling stability and the retention rate of these LMBs show excellent performance at room temperature.