bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policía, niñez y adolescencia. Urgencia de un nuevo paradigma
Authors: Gómez Cervantes Javier
Published: October 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en la apremiante necesidad de que disminu­yan de manera real y efectiva las afectaciones a derechos humanos que surgen en la interacción de las instituciones de seguridad pública con niñas, niños y personas adolescentes. Se establece la necesidad de que el derecho administrativo sancionador se ajuste a la doctrina de la protección integral de la infancia y adolescencia. Se analiza la con­vencionalidad y constitucionalidad de la privación de la libertad res­pecto a niñas, niños y personas ado­lescentes por la comisión de faltas administrativas y se enfatiza acerca de la necesidad de que exista un se­guimiento a la formación y capaci­tación de los cuerpos de policía con base en protocolos para la deten­ción de personas adolescentes en conflicto con la ley penal.
La función policial en el Registro de Cadena de Custodia
Authors: Nóhpal Rodríguez Víctor Shaí
Published: October 2022

Nuestro sistema de justicia penal requiere que la actividad del policía tenga una mayor participación en la investigación de los delitos. Para ello, el Código Nacional de Procedimientos Penales faculta a los policías a realizar diversos actos de investigación en el ejercicio de sus funciones; por ejemplo, el de tomar las providencias necesarias para la debida preservación de los indicios cuando estos hayan sido localizados, descubiertos o aportados. Lo anterior atribuye al policía la facultad de realizar el respectivo Registro de Cadena de Custodia a los indicios en cuestión.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo responder de manera oportuna a las múltiples dudas que surgen durante el desarrollo de la función policial, definiendo claramente qué es la cadena de custodia, su estructura y llenado, así como quiénes son sus intervinientes.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo responder de manera oportuna a las múltiples dudas que surgen durante el desarrollo de la función policial, definiendo claramente qué es la Cadena de Custodia, su estructura y llenado, así como quiénes son sus intervinientes.
Lineamientos básicos para una adecuada inspección policial
Authors: Peña Hernández Alma Yesenia
Published: October 2022

La inspección es un acto de molestia usado reiteradamente por la policía en nuestro país, sin embargo, es mi intención llamar la atención del lector sobre los lineamientos que deberán cubrirse para hacer de esos actos de investigación intervenciones lícitas de las que se erradiquen obtenciones ilícitas de pruebas y acciones arbitrarias de parte de la autoridad.
El inconsciente en su relación con el acto criminal
Authors: Ortiz Beltrán Pablo Gonzalo
Published: October 2022

Se revisa cómo la conducta se encuentra determinada por un determinismo a posteriori, el cual implica que solo se pueden determinar las causas de un hecho hasta que este ha sucedido; por lo que no es una causalidad intencional de carácter finalista e intenciones irreductibles. Se destaca y define en esta determinación de la conducta el papel del inconsciente como un fenómeno egodistónico1 que sigue operando, habitando al sujeto y manifestándose en su discurso. Así, la reacción social e institucional ante el fenómeno de la conducta criminal es una interpretación a priori que no escucha al sujeto y ve al delincuente desde la óptica de otros y diversos discursos ajenos al propio sujeto.
 
[1] El término hace alusión al conjunto de facetas de la conducta, pensamientos y actitudes, que el ego considera inaceptables y/o incongruentes en relación con la personalidad global.
A Hierarchical Approach to Fish Conservation in Semiarid Landscapes: A Need to Understand Multiscale Environmental Relationships
Authors: Mollenhauer Robert , K. Brewer Shannon , Moore Desiree , Swedberg Dusty , Wedgeworth Maeghen
Published: October 2022

A multiscale perspective is essential for conservation planning of riverine fishes. Coarse-scale habitat (e.g., basis) can influence both finer-scale habitat characteristics (e.g., reaches and microhabitat) and associated species distributions. Finer-scale management and habitat rehabilitation efforts can fail without the consideration of coarser-scale constraints. We provide a conceptual hierarchical framework for multiscale fish conservation strategies in the semiarid Great Plains. The Great Plains stream network is highly fragmented due to dam construction, water withdrawals, and increased drought severity. Our framework uses relationships with basin-scale connectivity and streamflow and reach-scale physicochemical characteristics in the context of aiding species reintroduction and stream habitat improvements.
Trypan Blue Exclusion Assay, Neutral Red, Acridine Orange and Propidium Iodide
Authors: Ude Arinzechukwu , Afi-Leslie Kaiyven , Okeke Kelechi , Ogbodo Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

Cytotoxicity and cell viability assessments are very important parameters that are widely used in fundamental research and drug development to determine the safety profile of toxic compounds. These assays measure the degree to which a substance can cause toxic damage to cells or cell death. There are different assays that have been employed to determine the cytotoxicity of substances. These assays either determine enzymatic function, cell viability, mitochondrial activity, lipid metabolism, cell proliferation and/or cell death. These assays entail use of different kinds of dyes such as trypan blue exclusion dye, neutral red, acridine orange and propidium iodide to stain the cells. Trypan blue dye permeates compromised cell membrane to stain necrotic cells. However, this can lead to false positive and false negative results as it does not provide information on sub-lethal injury. As a result, neutral red and acridine orange can be used as counterstains for trypan blue to stain the lysosome of live cells. Acridine orange can also be used to stain nucleic acids in living cells and is usually co-stained with propidium iodide or ethidium bromide. This is because propidium iodide and ethidium bromide permeate only compromised plasma membrane thus co-staining cells with these dyes can provide vital information that can be used to differentiate between live and dead cells.
Improving Face Recognition Using Artistic Interpretations of Prominent Features: Leveraging Caricatures in Modern Surveillance Systems
Authors: R. Davis Sara , M. Hand Emily
Published: October 2022

Advances in computer vision have been primarily motivated by a better understanding of how humans perceive and codify faces. Broadly speaking, progress made in the fields of face recognition and identification has been strongly influenced by the biological mechanisms identified by research in the field of cognitive psychology. Research in cognitive psychology has long acknowledged that human face recognition and identification rely heavily on prominent features and that caricatures are capable of modeling prominent features in a multitude of ways. The field of computer science has done little to no research in the area of application of prominent features to recognition systems. This chapter discusses existing caricature research in cognitive psychology and computer vision, current issues with the practical application of caricatures to face recognition in computer vision, and how caricatures can be used to improve existing surveillance systems.
Experiences of Socio-Environmental Organizations and Movements in the Framework of Environmental Justice in Curicó, Chile and Antioquia, Colombia: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Ramírez Naranjo Nélida
Published: October 2022

This chapter presents the results of the exploratory qualitative research “Experiences of environmental justice of socio-environmental organizations and movements in Curicó-Chile and Antioquia-Colombia,” carried out in 2020. The study allowed us to identify the purposes and foundations of social movements in the struggle for environmental justice in their territories. This gave us a glimpse of their link with social work intervention in general and specifically with leadership and organization for sustainability. The findings show that collective action is the articulating axis of socio-environmental organizations and movements, which constitutes a social force for the struggle against environmental inequality, defense of territory, and water.
Indigenous Knowledge and Food Preservation: A Case of ‘Collective Responsibility’ for the Murambwi Locality in Chivi, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mashoko Dominic
Published: October 2022

Research in Southern Africa, Zimbabwe included, focusing on indigenous knowledge (IK) and food preservation practices have increased markedly over the past two decades. Some research focus on IK and the role of gender. It does not, however, consider specifically the role played by traditional values in indigenous food storage and preservation techniques. This paper explores a rural community’s IK and how this contributes to their post-harvest strategies used in Murambwi locality in Chivi, Zimbabwe. This locality has a dry ecology and indigenous people in the area have for centuries managed to preserve their food using indigenous knowledge. Sixteen community elders were interviewed through open discussions. The elders stressed the importance of collective responsibility in their IK of food preservation in communities, with reference to large and small grains and seasonal and perishable foods. Also, the elders displayed a collective sense of belonging, as manifested in their use of collective pronouns when referring to their homes and the land, ownership of resources, working together, close family relationships, and respect for sacred places. Relationships were at the center of the community, and they manifested through the emphasis on sharing, caring, respect, and common good.
Composition and Role of Lignin in Biochemicals
Authors: Ali Shah Tawaf , Zhihe Li , Zhiyu Li , Andong Zhang
Published: October 2022

The term lignin is derived from lignum, which means plant wood. Plant wood are mainly composed of extractives, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The lignin is a cross-linked polymer, made of three phenylpropanoid precursors, p-coumaryl, synapyl, and conniferyl alcohols. It is the most abundant polymer in plant world and act mechanically as a natural glue to bind hemicellulose and cellulose. Lignin is amorphous, soluble in alkali, condenses with phenol and has high melting temperature. The function of lignin is to protect the carbohydrates of the biomass from degradation, thus provide stability. The chapter includes information on types of lignin, structure, isolation, degradation, and transformation in to market value chemicals. The application of lignin and lignin base monomers for synthesis of plastic, hydrogels, adhesives, chemicals, fuels and other value added materials at industrial scale.
Molecular Genetic Approaches in Wildlife Conservation
Authors: Bhaskar Ranjana , Agnita Sharon E.
Published: October 2022

Wildlife conservation is of major biological importance due to the survivability of organisms in an ecosystem and population stability. The primary concern of the management and genetics of populations is inbreeding. The small population size can play a diminishing role in genetic variability and increasing inbreeding in animal populations. Inbreeding depression can be due to major factors such as rare, deleterious, recessive alleles which can be repressed under heterozygous conditions. The decreasing effect in heterozygosity can be significant upon severe bottleneck effect. The genetic variations between populations could be assessed using molecular techniques. Mitochondrial DNA variations for determining the founder’s effect can be widely applicable in the management of wild populations. The maternal lineages in a captive population can signify the variations in the population as well as the number of males contributing to the gene pool of the various population. Molecular markers can be used to differentiate between populations and identify the individuals contributing to the gene pool of the species.
Red Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris L.)
Authors: Székely Dóra , Máté Mónika
Published: October 2022

Beetroot has long been a known and consumed vegetable, it was cultivated by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Beetroot is a type of vegetable belonging to the beet (Beta) genus, which also includes chard, sugar beet, and fodder beet. Beetroot is easy to grow, as it is not one of the vegetables with special needs. The characteristic color of beets is due to red pigments known as betacyanins. Extremely rich in valuable ingredients, it is an extremely good immune booster due to its vitamin A, B, and C content. It is rich in antioxidants and also contains pantothenic acid, lycopene, biotin, silicon, potassium, magnesium, sodium, calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron. Thanks to its content, it even has many health-protective effects, thanks to which it is highly recommended to consume. Beetroot is a deliciously sweet, albeit slightly earthy, superfood. It can be consumed in many ways; raw, as vegetable juice, boiled or fried, fermented, dried, but also as a food supplement in powdered form, and it can also be used as a natural colorant to color different food products.
Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in the Digital Economy through E-Commerce: A Case Study of Oaxaca
Authors: Allende-Hernández Olivia , Acevedo Villegas Evelia , Martínez Norma , Juárez Martínez Flavio
Published: October 2022

This research aims to know the level of inclusion of indigenous peoples in the digital economy through the adoption of electronic commerce aimed at the sale of indigenous handicrafts present in the state of Oaxaca, as well as the level of technological skills on the part of Oaxacan artisans. The methodology applies a qualitative study through a descriptive exploratory process in order to carry out a theoretical and practical analysis in the context of the Internet. The results indicate that the electronic commerce of indigenous handicrafts of Oaxaca is incipient; however, social networks and specifically Facebook© and Instagram© have favored the artisan in the process of adoption of electronic commerce, which is reflected in the marketing of their products in these social networks. Likewise, it is evident that the indigenous artisan faces important challenges in having legal protection over the rights of their designs and handicraft works; in the same way, it requires technical assistance for the process of learning and building technological competence.
Combining Predicted Seabird Movements and Oil Drift Using Lagrangian Agent-Based Model Solutions
Authors: Nistrup Madsen Mads , Skov Henrik , Potthoff Michael
Published: October 2022

In traditional oil spill risk assessments, the mortality of seabirds is typically assessed based on a simulated amount of oil combined with a statistical and static (seasonal mean) number of birds within a given grid cell. The size of the cell is typically in the order of 10 by 10 km. Cell averaging in a coarse Eulerian grid will inevitably introduce a high degree of uncertainty with respect to real impact, and due to the patchiness in seabird distribution may result in over-estimation of impacts outside high-density areas and underestimation within high-density patches. Lagrangian agent-based modelling of species movements and oil drift directly would provide consistent results independent of the grid resolution and, at the same time, provide a fine-scale resolution of potential impacts. The robustness of this approach is demonstrated for a potential oil spill in the Barents Sea in an area with a high density of Common Guillemot, followed by a discussion on how this approach can improve future risk assessments during oil spills.
Design Optimization of 18-Poled High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
Authors: Deniz Karaoglan Aslan , Perin Deniz , Yilmaz Kemal
Published: October 2022

The aim of this research is to optimize the design of an 18-poled 8000 rpm 7 kVA high-speed permanent magnet synchronous generator. The goal is to find the best factor levels for the design parameters, namely magnet thickness (MH), offset, and embrace (EMB) to optimize the responses namely efficiency (%), rated torque (N.m), air-gap flux density (Tesla), armature current density (A/mm2), armature thermal load (A2/mm3). The aim is to keep the air-gap flux density at 1 tesla while maximizing efficiency and minimizing the rest of the responses. Optimization was carried out with one sample algorithm selected from each of the commonly used optimization algorithm classifications. For this purpose, different class of well-known optimization techniques such as response surface methodology (gradient-based methods), genetic algorithm (evolutionary-based algorithms), particle swarm optimization algorithm (swarm-based optimization algorithms), and modified social group optimization algorithm (human-based optimization algorithms) are selected. In the Ansys Maxwell environment, numerical simulations are carried out. Mathematical modeling and optimizations are performed by using Minitab and Matlab, respectively. Confirmations are also performed. Results of the comparisons show that modified social group optimization and particle swarm optimization algorithms a bit outperform the response surface methodology and genetic algorithm, for this design problem.
Perspective Chapter: Fault Detection and Predictive Maintenance of Electrical Machines
Authors: Ashraf Raja Hadi , Kudelina Karolina , Asad Bilal , Vaimann Toomas
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, most domestic and industrial fields are moving toward Industry 4.0 standards and integration with information technology. To decrease shutdown costs and minimize downtime, manufacturers switch their production to predictive maintenance. Algorithms based on machine learning can be used to make predictions and detect timely potential faults in modern energy systems. For this, trained models with the usage of data analysis, cloud, and edge computing are implemented. The main challenge is the amount and quality of the data used for model training. This chapter discusses a specific version of a condition monitoring system, including maintenance approaches and machine learning algorithms and their general application issues.
Encapsulation of Perovskite Solar Cells with Thin Barrier Films
Authors: Lochhead Katherine , Johlin Eric , Yang Dongfang
Published: October 2022

Long-term stability is a requisite for the widespread adoption and commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Encapsulation constitutes one of the most promising ways to extend devices for lifetime without noticeably sacrificing the high power conversion efficiencies that make this technology attractive. Among encapsulation strategies, the most investigated methods are as follows: (1) glass-to-glass encapsulation, (2) polymer encapsulation, and (3) inorganic thin film encapsulation (TFE). In particular, the use of UV-, heat-, water-, and/or oxygen-resistant thin films to encapsulate PSCs is a new and promising strategy for extending devices for lifetime. Thin films can be deposited directly onto the PSC, as in TFE, or can be used in conjunction with glass-to-glass and polymer encapsulation to effectively prevent the photo-, thermal-, oxygen-, and moisture-induced degradation of the perovskite. This chapter will outline perovskite degradation mechanisms and provide a summary of the progress made to-date in the encapsulation of PSCs, with a particular focus on the most recent and promising advances that employ thin films. Additionally, the strengths and limitations of TFE approaches will be identified and contrasted against existing encapsulation strategies. Finally, possible directions for future research that can further enhance encapsulation effectiveness and extend PSC for lifetimes towards the 25-year target will be proposed.
High Concentration, Coarse Particle, Hydraulic Conveying
Authors: Pullum Lionel
Published: October 2022

Conventional coarse particle hydraulic conveying is performed under turbulent flow conditions, usually at concentrations of less than 40% v/v. The last three or four decades have seen the development of much higher concentration conveying, with the successful transport of suspensions of 70% v/v or more. These suspensions can be conveyed at very low velocities and generally exhibit very benign characteristics, having the capability of being stopped and restarted at will. There are generally two methods of pumping coarse materials safely at low velocities. The first method, using a Newtonian such as water, can be applied when the particle size distribution is sufficiently broad to minimize percolation and the concentration sufficiently high to prevent particle restructuring during transport. A second method uses a non-Newtonian, visco-plastic carrier fluid, normally fine particle slurry, to convey the coarser particles. This second method removes the constraints of the first method, allowing a greater range of coarse solid distributions and concentrations to be pumped. In both cases, the conveying characteristics appear similar to laminar flow. Both methods are described and analyzed in this chapter.
Recent Advancements in GaN LED Technology
Authors: A. Tabbakh Thamer , Anandan Deepak , J. Sheldon Michael , Tyagi Prashant , Alfaifi Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Gallium nitride (GaN)-based solid state lighting technology has revolutionized the semiconductor industry. The GaN technology has played a crucial role in reducing world energy demand as well as reducing the carbon footprint. As per the reports, the global demand for lighting has reduced around 13% of total energy consumption in 2018. The Department of Energy (USA) has estimated that bright white LED source could reduce their energy consumption for lighting by 29% by 2025. Most of the GaN LEDs are grown in c-direction, and this direction gives high growth rate and good crystal integrity. On the other hand, the c-plane growth induces piezoelectric polarization, which reduces the overall efficiency of LEDs since the last decade researchers round the globe working on III-N material to improve the existing technology and to push the limit of III-V domain. Now, the non-polar and semi-polar grown LEDs are under investigation for improved efficiency. With the recent development, the GaN is not only limited to lighting, but latest innovations also led the development of micro-LEDs, lasers projection and point source. These developments have pushed GaN into the realm of display technology. The miniaturization of the GaN-based micro-LED and integration of GaN on silicon driving the application into fast response photonic integrated circuits (ICs). Most of the recent advancements in GaN LED field would be discussed in detail.
The Impact of Inflation Expectations and Public Debt on Taxation in South Africa
Authors: Ncanywa Thobeka , Setati Noko
Published: October 2022

The study investigates the impact of inflation expectations and public debt on taxation in South Africa, employing the autoregressive distributive lag model and Granger Causality techniques. The results indicate a long-run positive significant relationship between inflation expectations and taxation and a negative significant relationship between public debt and taxation. This reveals that when consumers and businesses expect the inflation rate to rise, taxable income will also increase. The public debt-taxation nexus can imply that the South African government finances its debts through borrowing than through taxation. Therefore, economic participants must have full knowledge of what can influence taxation.
In Vitro Evaluation of Antiviral Activity Effect of Selenium, Bacillus clausii Supernatant, and Their Combination on the Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus 1
Authors: Shayestehpour Mohammad , Rahimi Mohammad Reza , Piroozmand Ahmad , Khaledi Azad , Fateminasab Zahra Sadat
Published: October 2022

Background: About 70% of individuals worldwide suffer from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Several studies have reported that selenium and supernatant of probiotic bacteria are antiviral; nevertheless, their effect alone or synergistically on HSV-1 is unknown. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antiviral effects of Bacillus clausii supernatant, selenium (Se), and their combination on HSV-1. Methods: After determining cytotoxicity by the MTT assay, selenium and B. clausii supernatants were added to HeLa cells 24 hours before (pre-infection treatment) and after (post-infection treatment) HSV-1 inoculation. After 47 hours of incubation at 37°C, the viral titer and expression levels of the unique long 47 (UL47) gene were determined by the 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods, respectively. Results: The bacterial supernatant in dilutions of 1:4 and 1:8, selenium in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM, and a combination of them had a cytotoxicity level lower than 80% in HeLa cells. The HSV-1 titers in pre-infection and post-infection assays with a dilution of 1:4 supernatant decreased by about 2.16 and 1 log10 TCID50/mL, respectively. Moreover, 1 μM Se could reduce the virus titer by 2.33 log10 TCID50/mL. The virus titer showed a greater decrease when Se and the bacterial supernatants were combined than when only one of the two was used. The highest selectivity index (SI) was obtained when selenium and bacterial supernatant were combined (SI = 29.2). The combined use of 1 μM Se and a 1:4 dilution of B. clausii supernatant caused the greatest drop in virus titer (3.3 log10 TCID50/mL) in comparison to other treatment conditions. The UL47 gene expression was reduced by Se at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM by about 1.6- and 2-fold, respectively. The UL47 expression showed a higher decline when selenium and bacterial supernatant were combined than when only one of the two was employed, which is similar to viral titer data. Conclusions: Selenium and the supernatant of B. clausii have potent antiviral activity against HSV-1. The combination of selenium and the bacterial supernatant has a synergistic effect in reducing HSV-1 replication. However, further research is required to fully understand how they inhibit viruses.
Investigating the Correlation Between the Level of Satisfaction of COVID-19 Patients from Nursing Care with the Level of Observing Patient’s Bill of Rights
Authors: Akbarbegloo Masumeh , Sanaeefar Mahnaz , Purabdollah Majid , Ahmadi Khatir Maryam
Published: October 2022

Background: Observance of patients’ rights and patient satisfaction with hospital services is one of the most influential factors contributing to the efficiency and quality of hospital services. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the satisfaction of COVID-19 patients with patients’ bill of rights. Methods: This descriptive, correlational study was performed in 2021 in Iran. A total of 147 patients with COVID-19 and meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this study using the available sampling method. Two questionnaires of “observing patient’s bill of rights” and “La Monica Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale (LOPSS)” were used to collect the required data. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: There was a positive and significant relationship between patients’ satisfaction and observing patient’s bill of rights (r = 0.7, P < 0.001). The mean satisfaction of COVID-19 patients was 214.19 ± 52.02, and the mean of patients’ bill of rights was 118.23 ± 20.5, which were desirable. There was a significant relationship between age and patient satisfaction (P < 0.05). A significant relationship was also detected between the income level, education level, and length of hospital stay with patients’ bill of rights (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In order to increase patient satisfaction and improve service provision, it was necessary to respect the patient’s rights. Therefore, it was recommended that effective strategies should be adopted in order to exercise the patients’ bill of rights when providing services to them.
Urine Cytology Findings in Cases of Pseudocarcinomatous Urothelial Hyperplasia of the Bladder Often Represent a Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Velez Torres Jaylou M. , Gonzalez Manuel Lora , Duarte Ernesto Martinez , Zein-Sabatto Bassel , Aron Manju , Gupta Nilesh S. , Kerr Darcy A. , Netto George J. , Jorda Merce , Kryvenko Oleksandr N.
Published: October 2022

Context.—

Pseudocarcinomatous urothelial hyperplasia (PCUH) architecturally and cytologically mimics cancer. The urine cytology features of PCUH have not been described.

Objective.—

To describe PCUH features in urine cytology.

Design.—

We reviewed urine cytology cases with concurrent PCUH tissue specimens from 5 academic institutions and classified them by using The Paris System criteria.

Results.—

Thirty-nine patients included 31 men and 8 women with a mean age of 67 years (range, 39–87 years). All patients had prior pelvic irradiation, and most presented with hematuria (n = 27). The specimens included voided urine (n = 16); bladder washing (n = 11); and urine, not otherwise specified (n = 12). The specimen preparation included cytospin (n = 29) and ThinPrep (n = 10). Original interpretations were negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (n = 28), atypical urothelial cells (AUCs; n = 10), and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC; n = 1). Twenty-five urine specimens (64%) had findings of PCUH. These specimens were moderately cellular and composed of sheets, cohesive groups, or isolated urothelial cells. Nucleoli were present in 23 cases. The nuclear membrane was smooth to irregular (n = 9), smooth (n = 8), and irregular (n = 8). The chromatin was glassy (n = 8), vesicular (n = 7), hyperchromatic (n = 7), and vesicular to finely granular (n = 3). The cytoplasm varied from dense squamoid, to finely vacuolated, to vacuolated. Nucleomegaly was observed in all 25 specimens, and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio greater than 0.5 was seen in 11 of 25 cases (44%). The background contained acute inflammation (n = 14), was clean (n = 9), and contained red blood cells (n = 2). All cases originally interpreted as AUCs and HGUC had PCUH features.

Conclusions.—

PCUH urine features can overlap with AUCs, HGUC, and other nonurothelial malignancies. In our cohort, 44% (11 of 25) of urine specimens with PCUH changes were initially misclassified. Recognition of cytologic features of PCUH is important to avoid overcalling reactive changes.
Soft Skills in the Technical Services Workplace
Authors: Lowry Lindsey
Published: October 2022

The stereotype of the “behind the scenes” technical services librarian lends credence to the idea that librarians working in cataloging, acquisitions, collection development, etc. work alone and independently, never to face the patron or engage with their colleagues. Though that exaggerated typecast may still live on in the minds of some, the more contemporary and holistic approach to library organization, where librarians in all sub-fields benefit from a cross-sectional skillset, has necessitated that all librarians master the soft skills needed to work well with the patron and with others. This study examines both the frequency with which librarians in technical services interact with others in the course of their job duties as well as the nature and importance of soft skills in the library technical services workplace
Underwater Noise Concerns: How Can the Maritime Industry React?
Authors: Windén Björn , Kamiirisa Hikaru
Published: October 2022

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In addition to pressure to improve energy efficiency, the maritime industry may soon face demands to reduce underwater noise from shipping. This is illustrated by a large number of studies being reviewed by UN panels to bring clarity to the subject. In this paper, the studies relevant to shipping and shipbuilding are reviewed. From this review the progress of the consultative process, possible shortcomings, and potential collaborative actions beneficial to the marine industry are identified. Key revelations include inconsistencies in the way the scientific community represents shipping noise and areas where more focus is needed to ensure resilience. Furthermore, several future research focus topics are suggested in order to address these issues. This paper does not argue for or against underwater noise being viewed as harmful to marine life; it only serves to review the current consultative process and how the maritime industry could benefit from participating.

Keywords

underwater noise; marine life; maritime industry; monitoring; mitigation
EVIboost for the Estimation of Extreme Value Index Under Heterogeneous Extremes
Authors: Wang Jiaxi , Hou Yanxi , Li Xingchi , Wang Tiandong
Published: October 2022

Modeling heterogeneity on heavy-tailed distributions under a regression framework is challenging, yet classical statistical methodologies usually place conditions on the distribution models to facilitate the learning procedure. However, these conditions will likely overlook the complex dependence structure between the heaviness of tails and the covariates. Moreover, data sparsity on tail regions makes the inference method less stable, leading to biased estimates for extreme-related quantities. This paper proposes a gradient boosting algorithm to estimate a functional extreme value index with heterogeneous extremes. Our proposed algorithm is a data-driven procedure capturing complex and dynamic structures in tail distributions. We also conduct extensive simulation studies to show the prediction accuracy of the proposed algorithm. In addition, we apply our method to a real-world data set to illustrate the state-dependent and time-varying properties of heavy-tail phenomena in the financial industry.
High-Dimensional Nonlinear Spatio-Temporal Filtering by Compressing Hierarchical Sparse Cholesky Factors
Authors: Chakraborty Anirban , Katzfuss Matthias
Published: October 2022

Spatio-temporal filtering is a common and challenging task in many environmental applications, where the evolution is often nonlinear and the dimension of the spatial state may be very high. We propose a scalable filtering approach based on a hierarchical sparse Cholesky representation of the filtering covariance matrix. At each time point, we compress the sparse Cholesky factor into a dense matrix with a small number of columns. After applying the evolution to each of these columns, we decompress to obtain a hierarchical sparse Cholesky factor of the forecast covariance, which can then be updated based on newly available data. We illustrate the Cholesky evolution via an equivalent representation in terms of spatial basis functions. We also demonstrate the advantage of our method in numerical comparisons, including using a high-dimensional and nonlinear Lorenz model.
Multiresolution Broad Area Search: Monitoring Spatial Characteristics of Gapless Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Wendelberger Laura J. , Gray Josh M. , Wilson Alyson G. , Houborg Rasmus , Reich Brian J.
Published: October 2022

Global earth monitoring aims to identify and characterize land cover change like construction as it occurs. Remote sensing makes it possible to collect large amounts of data in near real-time over vast geographic areas and is becoming available in increasingly fine temporal and spatial resolution. Many methods have been developed for data from a single pixel, but monitoring pixel-wise spectral measurements over time neglects spatial relationships, which become more important as change manifests in a greater number of pixels in higher resolution imagery compared to moderate resolution. Building on our previous robust online Bayesian monitoring (roboBayes) algorithm, we propose monitoring multiresolution signals based on a wavelet decomposition to capture spatial change coherence on several scales to detect change sites. Monitoring only a subset of relevant signals reduces the computational burden. The decomposition relies on gapless data; we use 3 m Planet Fusion Monitoring data. Simulations demonstrate the superiority of the spatial signals in multiresolution roboBayes (MR roboBayes) for detecting subtle changes compared to pixel-wise roboBayes. We use MR roboBayes to detect construction changes in two regions with distinct land cover and seasonal characteristics: Jacksonville, FL (USA) and Dubai (UAE). It achieves site detection with less than two thirds of the monitoring processes required for pixel-wise roboBayes at the same resolution.
Meta-Analysis Study: The Relationship Between Reflective Thinking And Learning Achievement
Authors: Chamdani Muhamad , Ali Yusuf Furtasan , Salimi Moh , Fajari Laksmi Evasufi Widi
Published: October 2022

Reflective thinking is a must-have skill to connect the knowledge obtained with previous knowledge and can be seen from learning achievement. This study aims to prove and determine the relationship between reflective thinking and learning achievement and its effect size. This study used a quantitative meta-analysis method. Reflective thinking is the independent variable and learning achievement is the dependent variable. The data sources were obtained from online database searches on Google Scholar and international journal platforms from 2012 to 2021. Based on the search, 22 research publications met the predetermined criteria through a strict screening. Quantitative meta-analysis with correlation meta-analysis type was used to analyze the data. The software used was JASP 0.8 4.0. The results showed that this research Ho is rejected. It can be concluded that there was a significant relationship between reflective thinking and student achievement (z = 8.139; p < 0.001; 95%CI [0.400; 0.654]). The effect of reflective thinking on student achievement was in the medium category (rRE = 0.527). The findings are consistent with those of previous research on reflective thinking skills and learning achievement.
Identification of Effectiveness Measurements and Bias Publication of Literature Results Study: A Cooperative Learning Models on Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Vocational School Students in Indonesia
Authors: Ridwan M. Rais , Hadi Samsul , Jailani
Published: October 2022

This meta-analysis intends to determine the impact of cooperative learning model research findings on the mathematics learning outcomes of Indonesian vocational high school students. Based on moderator variables, such as grade level and student sample size, identify efficacy and publication bias measures. Data from descriptive analysis, which included the mean, standard deviation, and sample size, were collected from 21 research projects based on applying the cooperative learning model in the experimental group and direct learning in the control class. Forest plot analysis was the data analysis method used. The results of the measure of the effectiveness of the cooperative learning model on mathematics learning outcomes in grades 10 and 11 were 0.87 and 0.92, with each effect size category being medium. While the effectiveness of the learning model is measured using a sample size of 1 to 30 students, and more than 30 students were 0.94 and 0.83, respectively, each has a medium effect size category. The results of other analyses show no publication bias. The findings of this study provided teachers with information on how to apply effective cooperative learning models to mathematical learning outcomes in 10th and 11th grade and the efficiency of learning with large class size.
Bafra Koyunlarında Kuzu Doğum Ağırlığı Üzerine Plasental Özelliklerin etkisinin Path Analizi ile belirlenmesi
Authors: ŞEN Uğur , ÖNDER Hasan
Published: October 2022

Path analysis is used to describe the directed dependencies among a set of variables and applied in animal breeding to improve breeding practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effect of some placental traits on lamb birth weight born to Bafra sheep breed using path analysis. For this aim, the relationship between lamb birth weight and seven placental traits (placental weight; PW, total cotyledon numbers; TCN, total cotyledon surface area; TCSA, cotyledon efficiency; CE, total cotyledon volume; TCV, volumetric cotyledon efficiency; VCE, placenta efficiency; PE) were studied in 40 singleton - bearing ewe. Birth weight (BW), lamb sex, and placental measurements were recorded within 12 h after parturition. The direct effects of PE on birth weight were found statistically significant (p
The Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Colostrum Quality in Anatolian Buffaloes
Authors: KUL Ertuğrul , ŞAHİN Aziz , ABACI Samet Hasan
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Amasya ilinde farklı işletme koşullarında yetiştirilen Anadolu mandalarında kolostrum kalitesi (özgül ağırlık) ve kolostrum kalitesi üzerine malaklama yaşının (3 -6, 7-10≤), malaklama yılının (2019 ve 2020), malaklama mevsiminin (kış, ilkbahar ve yaz) ve malak cinsiyetinin (erkek ve dişi) etkisini belirlemektir. Anadolu mandalarından toplam 44 kolostrum örneği araştırma materyalini oluşturmuştur. Kolostrum örnekleri elle sağımdan sonra kovalarda buzağılamadan 2 saat sonra ilk kolostrumdan alındı ve analiz edilene kadar hemen -20 °C'de saklandı. Kolostrum kalitesi bir kolostrometre kullanılarak belirlendi. Kolostrum kalitesi kötü kalite/kırmızı (1045 g/ml) olarak sınıflandırıldı. Kolostrumdaki ortalama IgG konsantrasyonu malaklama mevsiminden etkilenmiştir (P0.05). Kolostrum kalitesi (Ortalama± SH) 1050±1.88 g/ml ve iyi kalite olarak belirlendi. Bu çalışmada >1045 g/ml olan iyi kalite Kolostrum oranı %56.8’dir. Ayrıca 1035-1045 g/ml kolostrum örneklerinin %25.0’i orta kalite kolostrumdur. Ancak, kolostrum örneklerinin %18.2’si kalitesizdir. Sonuçlar Anadolu mandalarının kaliteli kolostruma sahip olduğunu göstermiş olup, kolostrum kalitesini etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması için daha büyük örneklem büyüklüğüne sahip daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Effect of Backward and Forward Walking on Lower Limb Strength, Balance, and Gait in Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Feasibility Trial
Authors: DelMastro Heather M. , Ruiz Jennifer A. , Simaitis Laura B. , Gromisch Elizabeth S. , Neto Lindsay O. , Cohen Evan T. , Wong Edgar , Krug Robert J. , Lo Albert C.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Backward walking (BW) interventions have improved gait and balance in persons with stroke, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson disease but have not been studied in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). We examined the feasibility of a BW intervention and how it affected strength, balance, and gait vs forward walking (FW) in persons with MS.

METHODS

Sixteen persons with MS with a Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale score of 3 to 5 (gait impairment-late cane) were randomized to the FW (n = 8) or BW (n = 8) group. Participants did 30 minutes of FW or BW on a treadmill 3 times per week for 8 weeks (24 visits). Enrollment, adherence rate, and safety were tracked. The Timed Up and Go test, Six-Spot Step Test, single-leg stance, and abbreviated Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale were used to measure balance. Hip and knee flexion and extension strength (isometric peak torque), gait speed, and spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured. A 2×2 factorial multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine changes in strength, balance, and gait, with the PDDS scale score as the covariate.

RESULTS

Treatment adherence rate was 99.7%, with no safety concerns. After controlling for baseline differences in disability (PDDS scale score; P = .041), the BW group improved dominant hip flexion strength preintervention to postintervention compared with the FW group (F1,13 = 9.03; P = .010). No other significant differences were seen between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

This was the first study to look at BW as an intervention in persons with MS. Based on its feasibility, safety, and significant finding, BW should be studied in a larger, definitive trial in the future.
APPLICATION OF HYBRID SFLA AND ACO ALGORITHM TO OMEGA PLATE FOR DRILLING PROCESS PLANNING AND COST MANAGEMENT
Authors: Nasir Mehmood , Umer Muhammad , Asgher Umer
Published: October 2022

Tool traveling and tool switching time constitute almost seventy percent (70%) of the total time
consumed in drilling process. This fact that 70% of the total time is nonproductive and does not add any value to the job, grabs attention of the researchers and the industrialist for optimization. A literature on drilling process revealed that very few studies have been done on hybridization of metaheuristics for optimization of tool travel time. This research gap is the motivation of the present study. In this study, two metaheuristic approaches – the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) and ant colony optimization (ACO) were hybridized. With respect to hybridization of SFLA and ACO, this study signifies its originality and novelty in which main objective is to minimize the tool travel time. The literature review also revealed that the shortest path generated through commercially available software is not optimal all the time. This aspect emphasizes the application of metaheuristic algorithms on the real-world industrial problems. In this study, the proposed hybrid algorithm was applied to drilling of omega plate which is used in automobile manufacturing industry. The results of the proposed hybrid algorithm were compared with those of manual drilling path and software generated path. The results obtained through proposed hybrid algorithm were improved by 11.1% when compared to results of manual drilling path. The results of proposed algorithm were also better than results of commercial software Creo 6.0 and Siemens NX by 5.9% each. This showed that hybrid algorithm outperformed the commercially available software. This not only validates the efficacy of proposed hybrid algorithm, but also indicates the significance of the metaheuristic algorithm applications in industrial optimization problems.
LANDSLIDE REMEDIATION ON THE SCARP ABOVE THE LEVEL, ROAD M-17, SECTION: 007, TOPČIĆ POLJE – LAŠVA
Authors: Talić Zlatan , Cerić Dženita
Published: October 2022

The aim of this paper is to present a landslide remediation based on research and testing of samples, and to list those measures that will help to remediate the landslide or partially mitigate its further effects. These measures include: closing cracks, collecting and draining surface water from landslides, terrain planning, making supports from stone materials, drainage trenches, draining water from traffic areas, repairing water supply and sewerage systems, and establishing monitoring. The phenomenon of instability and its causes has been analyzed, and the results of research at the subject site before and after the remediation of this instability will be presented and discussed. Geological profile and remediation methods will be determined after the presentation of the results.
ANALYSIS OF COAL RESERVES WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR UNDERGROUND EXPLOITATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Ivković Zorica , Tošić Dražana , Dramlić Dejan
Published: October 2022

The issues addressed in this paper are dedicated to the balancing and analysis of coal reserves for the system of underground exploitation in the Republic of Serbia, both in active mines – deposits and in prospective deposits for activation in terms of production. The basic message emphasizes the importance of coal as the leading domestic energy source for the production of mainly electricity and thermal energy to a lesser extent. In addition to the balance of coal reserves in the deposits, importance was given to the quality of coal as an important thermal energy factor. For active mines-deposits, thermal values are given for assortments of piece, cube and fine coal, while for inactive deposits, quality values are shown for coal from coal seams. Based on the obtained research results, it is concluded that coal will maintain the leading position for electricity production in the energy sector of the Republic of Serbia in the coming decades, while coal from underground exploitation should increase its share in the energy balance.