bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Bridge Component Ratings Using Ordinal Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Lu Pan , Wang Hao , Tolliver Denver
Published: April 2019

Prediction of bridge component condition is fundamental for well‐informed decisions regarding the maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MRR) of highway bridges. The National Bridge Inventory (NBI) condition rating is a major source of bridge condition data in the United States. In this study, a type of generalized linear model (GLM), the ordinal logistic statistical model, is presented and compared with the traditional regression model. The proposed model is evaluated in terms of reliability (the ability of a model to accurately predict bridge component ratings or the agreement between predictions and actual observations) and model fitness. Five criteria were used for evaluation and comparison: prediction error, bias, accuracy, out‐of‐range forecasts, Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC), and log likelihood (LL). In this study, an external validation procedure was developed to quantitatively compare the forecasting power of the models for highway bridge component deterioration. The GLM method described in this study allows modeling ordinal and categorical dependent variable and shows slightly but significantly better model fitness and prediction performance than traditional regression model.
Histopathologic Analysis of Explanted KAMRA Corneal Inlays Demonstrating Adherent Fibroconnective Tissue Scar Formation
Authors: Paley Grace L. , Harocopos George J.
Published: April 2019

Objective: To investigate the histologic composition of opaque membranes associated with corneal intrastromal inlays implanted for the surgical treatment of presbyopia. Methods: This is an observational case series of KAMRA corneal inlays explanted due to the presence of adherent opaque membranes associated with peri-inlay corneal stromal haze and sent for histopathologic analysis. Routine histology was performed in addition to immunohistochemical staining with myofibroblast and keratocyte markers. Results: Eleven explanted inlay specimens were received, of which, after histologic processing, four demonstrated suf­ficient cellular material for histopathologic analysis. The opaque membranes surrounding the explanted inlays were composed of fibroconnective tissue, and myofibroblasts (positive for smooth muscle actin immunostain) were the predominant cell type. Immunostaining for the keratocyte marker CD34 was negative, confirming that the membranes were the result of a reactive scar-tissue formation process and not simply normal corneal stroma adherent to the explant. Conclusions: Corneal inlay implantation can lead to the formation of an adherent fibroconnective tissue membrane, suggesting keratocyte-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation and reactive fibroconnective tissue scar formation that could potentially impact visual potential. Prospective patients should be counseled regarding the risk of this complication, as this may be associated with some risk of incomplete reversibility of the procedure.
Staphylococcus aureus and Host Immunity in Recurrent Furunculosis
Authors: Nowicka Danuta , Grywalska Ewelina
Published: April 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the severest and most persistent bacterial pathogens. The most frequent S. aureus infections include impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, furunculosis, abscesses, hidradenitis suppurativa, and mastitis. S. aureus produces a great variety of cellular and extracellular factors responsible for its invasiveness and ability to cause pathological lesions. Their expression depends on the growth phase, environmental factors, and location of the infection. Susceptibility to staphylococcal infections is rooted in multiple mechanisms of host immune responses and reactions to bacterial colonization. Immunological and inflammatory processes of chronic furunculosis are based on the pathogenicity of S. aureus as well as innate and acquired immunity. In-depth knowledge about them may help to discover the whole pathomechanism of the disease and to develop effective therapeutic options. In this review, we focus on the S. aureus-host immune interactions in the pathogenesis of recurrent furunculosis according to the most recent experimental and clinical findings.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Risk of First Acute Myocardial Infarction: The HUNT Study
Authors: Shigdel Rajesh , Dalen Håvard , Sui Xuemei , Lavie Carl J. , Wisløff Ulrik , Ernstsen Linda
Published: April 2019

Background

The majority of studies evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness (
CRF
) as a cardiovascular risk factor use cardiovascular mortality and not cardiovascular disease events as the primary end point, and generally do not include women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of estimated
CRF
(
eCRF
) with the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
).

Methods and Results

We included 26 163 participants (51.5% women) from the HUNT study (Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study), with a mean age of 55.7 years, without cardiovascular disease at baseline. Baseline
eCRF
was grouped into tertiles.
AMI
was derived from hospital records and deaths from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. We used Fine and Gray regression modeling to estimate subdistribution hazards ratio (
SHR
) of
AMI
, accounting for competing risk of death. During a mean (range) follow‐up of 13 (0.02–15.40) years (347 462 person‐years), 1566
AMI
events were recorded. In fully adjusted models men in the 2 highest
eCRF
had 4% (
SHR
: 0.96, 95%
CI
: 0.83–1.11) and 10% (
SHR
: 0.90, 95%
CI
: 0.77–1.05) lower
SHR
of
AMI
, respectively, when compared with men in the lowest tertile. The corresponding numbers in women were 12% (
SHR
: 0.88, 95%
CI
: 0.72–1.08) and 25% (
SHR
: 0.75, 95%
CI
: 0.60–0.95).

Conclusions

eCRF
was inversely associated with risk of
AMI
event among women but not in men. Our data suggest that high
eCRF
may have substantial benefit in reducing the risk of
AMI
. Therefore, our data suggest that an increased focus on
eCRF
as a cardiovascular disease risk marker in middle‐aged and older adults is warranted.
Dialectics of Nature: Metabolic Architectures Meet Intelligent Guerrilla Beehives
Authors: Dollens Dennis , Maes AnneMarie
Published: April 2019

Between realms of cellular life, city occupation and technology, AnneMarie Maes's Intelligent Guerrilla Beehive project and Dennis Dollens's metabolic architectures share a theoretical lineage and form-finding curiosity, subscribing to the view that species' intelligence and their built environments can contribute to experimental art and architecture. Microbe, plant, animal and machine intelligences then root our research considering bees, microbes and computational simulation as participants in generative design and technological communication, AI and community. The article discusses sculptural, architectural and theoretical logic/design as it draws from nature to hybridize types of intelligences spanning matter, phenomena and life.
Redescription and molecular characterisation of Hemicriconemoides rosae Rathour, Sharma, Singh & Ganguly, 2003 from rhizosphere of sugarcane in India
Authors: Khan Matiyar Rahaman , Phani Victor , Chauhan Khushbu , Somvanshi Vishal Singh , Pervez Rashid , Walia Raman Kumar
Published: April 2019

A population of a Hemicriconemoides species was found from the rhizosphere of sugarcane in the Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Preliminary morphological studies led to the identification of the species as H. rosae. Further morphological and morphometric characterisation of the species was carried out by light microscopy. The gross morphology was consistent with the description of H. rosae except for some deviations in measurements. Here we present an amended description of the species together with illustrations and additional morphometric and morphological characters. The diagnostic relationship of H. rosae is given based on morphological and molecular information and a comparative study of paratype and holotype females. In addition, ITS rRNA and D2-D3 sequences were used for the construction of evolutionary relationship by Bayesian inference. The present study provides molecular data and a redescription of H. rosae collected from the rhizosphere of sugarcane in India.
Description of Discocriconemella sinensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from the rhizosphere of Camellia sinensis in China
Authors: Maria Munawar , Cai Ruihang , Subbotin Sergei A. , Zheng Jingwu
Published: April 2019

Discocriconemella sinensis n. sp. isolated in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, from the rhizosphere of Camellia sinenis is described. The new species was characterised morphologically and molecularly. Important morphological details were elucidated by SEM photographs. The new species is characterised by an uninterrupted rounded cephalic disc, en face showing a rectangular labial plate with slit-like oral apertures, labial plate surrounded by slightly elevated projections resembling rudimentary lobes, R = 66 (64-69), Rex = 21 (17-24), stylet 74 (67-81) μm long, excretory pore located at the base of the pharyngeal bulb, vulva open, tail short and conoid with a lobed terminus. The species belongs to the group 1 lip pattern. Morphologically, it is most similar to D. discolabia, D. mauritiensis, D. mineira and D. perseae. This is the first new Discocriconemella species described from China. Phylogenetic analyses based on analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, partial 18S rRNA, and COI gene revealed that the new species formed a separate clade from other criconematid species, thereby supporting its status as a new species of the genus. The new species showed close relationships with Criconemoides informis.
The Permo-Carboniferous genus Sagenodus and the beginning of modern lungfish
Authors: Schultze H.-P. , Chorn J.
Published: April 2019

The lungfish Sagenodus is a widespread Permo-Carboniferous genus found in Europe and North America. Important localities in the U.S.A. include Middle Pennsylvanian coals near Linton, Ohio, Upper Pennsylvanian deposits near Robinson and Hamilton, Kansas, and Peoria, Illinois; Lower Permian sediments near Cameron, Ohio; and Lower Permian “Red Beds” of Texas and Oklahoma. At least three species of Sagenodus were present in North America S. copeanus, S. periprion, S. serratus). S. ohiensis is represented solely by one skull.

Knowledge of the osteology of Sagenodus is enhanced by the study of well-preserved but disassociated elements from Robinson, Kansas (S. copeanus) and Little Bitter Creek, Texas (S. serratus). The orbital series is now known to be comprised of six elements and the sensory canal system is more complex than previously realized. The only known articulated skeleton of this genus, from Hamilton Quarry, Kansas, permits a restoration of the entire animal including the median fins. The dorsal and anal fins are not separate; there is instead, a continuous fin around the caudal end of the body, as found in other post-Devonian lungfishes.

Sagenodus is structurally intermediate between more primitive Devonian dipnoans and post-Paleozoic lungfishes. Evident trends can be seen in the reduction of bone (both number of bones and degree of ossification), the loss of cosmine, the nature of the scales, the structure and histology of tooth plates, and the configuration of the median fins. Sagenodus is a member of a euryhaline faunal assemblage that can be found from shallow marine to freshwater deposits.
Analysis of a species/instars/characters table: a theoretical survey on the use of chaetotaxy in ontophylogenetic studies
Authors: Nayrolles Pierre
Published: April 2019

Phylogenetic studies on several groups of arthropods, such as Acari (mites) or Collembola (springtails), make wide use of chaetotaxy. Chaetotaxic characters, besides being morphological features (setal shape), often have a binary nature, that is presence vs. absence. A seta can be variable in a population, and one may attribute a presence probability to this seta. In fact, the presence probability should be defined for each instar. One might think that a variable seta corresponds to a polymorphism (e.g., two or more alleles in a population); in fact, setal variability should be regarded as the result of a propensity intrinsic to individuals, i.e., a potentiality being expressed at random among specimens. The phenomenon known as lateral inhibition explains how an early random fluctuation is at the root of the cell fate. Probabilistic organs are likely to originate from a similar phenomenon. A tridimensional species/instars/characters table (SIC table), containing setal presence probabilities, can be built up. Two kinds of analyses may be applied to such a table. In these analyses, the problem of homeotypic setae is emphasized. Related issues are the accuracy of using setal probabilities and the problem of reducing redundancy of information. A first process leads to a bidimensional table with characters in columns, and the species divided into their instars in rows. By using multidimensional statistics we can access ontogenetic trajectories, and in this way, ontogenetic comparisons can be achieved. The aim of the second process is to produce a species/characters table which can be used in a cladistic analysis.
Optics and phylogeny: is there an insight? The evolution of superposition eyes in the Decapoda (Crustacea)
Authors: Gaten Edward
Published: April 2019

This paper addresses the use of eye structure and optics in the construction of crustacean phylogenies and presents an hypothesis for the evolution of superposition eyes in the Decapoda, based on the distribution of eye types in extant decapod families. It is suggested that reflecting superposition optics are symplesiomorphic for the Decapoda, having evolved only once, probably in the Devonian. Subsequent loss of reflecting superposition optics has occurred following the adoption of a new habitat (e.g. Aristeidae, Aeglidae) or by progenetic paedomorphosis (Paguroidea, Eubrachyura).
Phylogenetic relationships of the European newts (genus Triturus) tested with mitochondrial DNA sequence data
Authors: Zajc I. , Arntzen J.W.
Published: April 2019

European newts (genus Triturus) are widely studied, but their phylogeny is not yet unambiguously resolved. Fragments of mitochondrial DNA experiencing different rates of evolution (the ATPase and 12S rRNA genes) were sequenced in order to test a phylogenetic hypothesis derived from biochemical and behavioral data. Well-supported branches of the existing phylogeny gained support in our study. The monophyletic origin of the hypothesized T. boscai – T. italicus clade remained ambiguous, whereas strong support was gained for the sister-taxon relationship of T. vulgaris and T. montandoni. The position of T. vittatus as a sister taxon to the T. marmoratus species group was also supported. The phylogenetic position of T. alpestris could not be clarified. With an in-group taxon sampling denser than in previous molecular phylogenetic studies and under the a priori selection of species from the genera Cynops, Neurergus and Paramesotriton as out-groups, the monophyly of Triturus was strongly supported. It cannot be excluded, however, that the presumed out-group actually belongs to the in-group, rendering Triturus paraphyletic as was concluded from recently published 12S and 16S rRNA sequence data.
Development of eggs and the planktonic stages of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) at low temperatures
Authors: Boxaspen Karin , Næss Tore
Published: April 2019

To verify if and to what extent egg and nauplii development of the salmon lice take place during winter, the development from egg to the copepodid stage at 2,3,4,5 and 10°C was examined. Newly extruded egg strings from a winter population of salmon lice were individually placed in 6 ml stagnant hatching systems. Initially, no significant differences in egg development time were found between these and larger aerated systems, though a tendency for less synchronised hatching of the total egg string was detected in the stagnant systems (difference< 12 h). In light versus dark conditions the time to hatching was significantly prolonged by darkness (10-15%). The use of small stagnant experimental units was a pronounced simplification of hatching methods used earlier. At low temperature all but one pair of e gg strings hatched. Time to first hatching was found to be 45.1±0.5 days at 2°C, 35.2±0.4 days at 3°C, 27.6±0.2 days at 4°C, 21.6±0.1 days at 5°C and 8.7±0.1 days at 10°C. The developmental time to hatching correlated to temperature fitted the polynomial function: Days to first hatching=0.6638T2 - 12.492T +67.116 (R2=0.99). A high proportion of the nauplii developed to the copepodid (infectious stage) stage at 4°C and higher but only a small proportion at 2 and 3°C. Total developmental time to copepodid ranged from 12.7 days at 10°C to 68.5 days at 2°C or to the polynomial function Days to first copepodid = 1.0236 T-2 - 19.129 T + 101.5 (R2=0.995). The «physiological age» at hatching, i.e. the product of days and the respective temperature, showed not to be linearly correlated to temperature, but showed a maximum at 4°C. Average age at hatching was 90°days at 2°C and 110° days at 4°C. Thus the egg strings of the winter population appeared to be adapted to very low temperature by reducing the time for egg development. The present results show that eggs of salmon lice can develop to the infectious stage during winter along the Norwegian west coast.
Physical constraints of bath treatments of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with a sea lice burden (Copepoda: Caligidae)
Authors: Treasure James W. , Gran Andrew , Davi Paul J.
Published: April 2019

Licensed medicines available in the U.K. for treating Atlantic salmon infested with sea lice, dichlorvos, azamethiphos, and hydrogen peroxide, can only be administered by bath application. Adverse reactions have been reported to bath treatments including mortalities, inappetance, reduction in growth and reduced louse sensitivity to dichlorvos. The physical constraints of bath treatments are examined and improvements recommended. Oxygen saturation was adequate during treatments but declined rapidly when the tarpaulin was removed. A chemical marker dispersed uniformally both horizontally and vertically in a cage within 5 mins of dispensing indicating dispersal of a medicine is rapid and adequate during treatment. The range in enclosed volumes in 86 treatments was 46 to 146% of theoretical, suggesting potential toxicity due to high concentrations at low volumes and the risk of reduced sensitivity at high volumes. Residual concentrations of hydrogen peroxide varied from 50 to 400 ppm from 5 to 15 mins after the tarpaulin was removed. Water exchange should be encouraged by aerating the cage and flushing at the end of treatment.
On the identity of the common Caligus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) from salmonid netpen systems in southern Chile
Authors: Boxshall Geoffrey A. , Bravo Sandra
Published: April 2019

The commonest caligid copepod infesting commercial salmonid netpen systems in southern Chile is described as a new species, Caligus rogercresseyi. This species belongs to the macarovi-group of species within the genus. It differs from Caligus flexispina Lewis 1964, with which it has previously been confused, in several important characters. These include the relatively elongate caudal rami, the proportions of the female genital complex and of the male abdomen, and the armature and ornamentation of the antenna in both sexes. The form of the sensillae associated with the postantennal process and the form of the male maxilliped are identified as possible additional diagnostic characters of the macarovi-group.
Whales and dolphins (Mammalia, Cetacea) of the Cape Verde Islands, with special reference to the Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)
Authors: Hazevoet Cornelis J. , Wenzel Frederick W.
Published: April 2019

Observations of whales and dolphins in the Cape Verde Islands obtained in 1995 and 1996 are reported and data on the occurrence of 14 taxa are given, including four not previously reported from the region, viz. Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni, Killer Whale Orcinus orca,Rough-toothed Dolphin Steno bredanensis, and Striped Dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba. An earlier report of Fin Whale B. physalus is reviewed and re-identified as B. cf. borealis. Status and occurrence of the Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae are discussed at some length. Unpublished observations from other observers are also included and a short account on the history of whaling in the islands is given. A list of all cetacean taxa reliably recorded in the Cape Verde region is presented and unsubstantiated reports are briefly discussed.
Hierarchical analysis of mtDNA variation and the use of mtDNA for isopod (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda) systematics
Authors: Wetzer R.
Published: April 2019

Carefully collected molecular data and rigorous analyses are revolutionizing today’s phylogenetic studies. Although molecular data have been used to estimate various invertebrate phylogenies for more than a decade, this study is the first survey of different regions of mitochondrial DNA in isopod crustaceans assessing sequence divergence and hence the usefulness of these regions to infer phylogeny at different hierarchical levels. I evaluate three loci from the mitochondrial genome (two ribosomal RNAs (12S, 16S) and one protein-coding (COI)) for their appropriateness in inferring isopod phylogeny at the suborder level and below. The patterns are similar for all three loci with the most speciose suborders of isopods also having the most divergent mitochondrial nucleotide sequences. Recommendations for designing an order- or suborder-level molecular study in previously unstudied groups of Crustacea would include: (1) collecting a minimum of two-four species or genera thought to be most divergent, (2) sampling across the group of interest as equally as possible in terms of taxonomic representation and the distribution of species, (3) surveying several genes, and (4) carrying out preliminary alignments, checking data for nucleotide bias, transition/ transversion ratios, and saturation levels before committing to a large-scale sequencing effort.
Ecological studies on a population of the water snake Grayia smythii in a rainforest swamp of the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Akani Godfrey C. , Luiselli Luca
Published: April 2019

The ecology of the water snake, Grayia smythii (Reptilia: Colubridae) occurring in a seasonal rainforest swamp of the Niger Delta (southern Nigeria) was investigated between December 1998 and March 2000. Females and males were similar in body sizes (SVL) and head sizes, but males had tails significantly longer than females. The diet was constituted only by frogs and fish. The major prey type was Xenopus tropicalis, followed by Tilapia sp. and Clarias sp. Adult sex-ratio was 1:1. Sloughing of skin and ovipositions occurred in dry season, in the humid enclosure of buttress roots amongst leaf litters. Fecundity ranged from 8 to 14 eggs per female, with a mean of 10 eggs (SD = 1.8). The smallest gravid female was 78.2 cm SVL. Eggs were laid in batches of three to four eggs at a site, in at least two to three different sites. The size of the eggs averaged 3.1 cm in length, 2.1 cm in width, and had a fresh weight ranging from 18.2 to 22.1 g. Maternal size influenced significantly the number of eggs produced by female, but not their average size. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between number of eggs and mean egg size. Predators of this snake at the study area were herons and fishermen.
Svenzea, a new genus of Dictyonellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) from tropical reef environments, with description of two new species
Authors: Alvarez Belinda , van Soest Rob W.M. , Rützler Klaus
Published: April 2019

The new genus Svenzea is created to group three sponge species from tropical reef environments of the Caribbean Sea and Indonesia: Pseudaxinella (?) zeai Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, Svenzea cristinae n. sp. and S. devoogdae n. sp. The genus shows affinities with members of both Halichondrida and Haplosclerida but it is assigned to the family Dictyonellidae based on shared microanatomical and developmental features. The higher taxonomic position of Svenzea is a subject for future investigations.
Habitat preferences of coral-associated wentletrap snails (Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)
Authors: Gittenberger Adriaan , Hoeksema Bert W.
Published: April 2019

Examination of about 60,000 scleractinian corals of the families Dendrophylliidae, Euphylliidae and Fungiidae for the presence of associated wentletrap snails (Gastropoda: Epitoniidae) revealed various ectoparasitic life history strategies. Twenty Indo-Pacific wentletrap species were found, which were either host-specific or generalist. Most species were associated with mushroom corals, especially free-living species belonging to the Fungiidae. Snails showed different preferences with regard to their position relative to mushroom corals, the host’s size and its substrate. No preferences for depth were found. Infestation rates of mushroom corals in multi-species assemblages were negatively correlated with coral densities, which indicates that epitoniid veliger larvae may actively look for preferential hosts. Indirect proof was found that burrowing shrimps remove any epitoniid that is on or underneath the mushroom coral under which they have their burrow. Fishes like wrasses and damselfishes were seen to eat the snails the moment their host corals were overturned, which suggests that the host corals may provide the snails with protection against predators.
Intraspecific morphological and genetic variability in the European freshwater snail Radix labiata (Rossmaessler, 1835) (Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae)
Authors: Schniebs Katrin , Peter Glöer , Vinarski Maxim V. , Hundsdoerfer Anna K.
Published: April 2019

Radix labiata is a widely distributed Palaearctic freshwater snail. This work aims to improve the knowledge of the intraspecific variability in the most important characters used for its determination. To find out which characters are really suitable to distinguish this species from other similar Radix species an integrative approach was applied, involving morphological and molecular data.Molecular sequences of the nuclear spacer fragment ITS-2 and/or the mitochondrial gene fragment cyt-b were obtained from 26 individuals of R. labiata from different regions of Europe, including type localities of Limnaeus pereger labiatus. From the subsample of 24 specimens of which sequences of both gene fragments were available, the variability of several characters that are commonly used for species identification (shell morphology, mantle pigmentation, shape and position of the bursa copulatrix, length and position of the bursa duct, length ratio of praeputium to penial sheath) were measured or documented. Morphological characters distinguishing R. labiata from R. balthica, R. lagotis and the genus Stagnicola are discussed. The best morphological character to differentiate these species is the position of the bursa and the bursa duct. Mantle pigmentation and the ratio of the length of the praeputium to that of the penial sheath are not useful for differentiating R. labiata and R. balthica. Analysis of the network of haplotypes (cyt-b) revealed no correlation between recognisable clusters and geography amongst the studied specimens.
Does Counterterrorism Trump Human Rights? An Analysis of US Foreign Aid Hearings Pre- and Post-9/11
Authors: Rumsey Jessie G.
Published: April 2019

This article empirically evaluates the comparative importance of human rights and counterterrorism during Senate subcommittee hearings on US foreign aid. Drawing on, and further developing, international regime theory, the article predicts that the human rights regime will be resilient to the September 11 shock to the international system. Qualitative content analysis of discourse during the seven years before and after the 9/11 attacks demonstrates the predominance of the human rights regime—even post-9/11, when the counterterrorism regime emerged as a competitor. The article explains why this is the case and offers insight to the human rights regime’s resilience.
Minilateralism Revisited: MIKTA as Slender Diplomacy in a Multiplex World
Authors: Kim Sung-Mi , Haug Sebastian , Harris Rimmer Susan
Published: April 2019

Based on over seventy interviews with diplomats and experts from all five MIKTA member countries, we find that MIKTA is used as a value-for-money minilateral mechanism for the world’s lesser powers grappling with the heightened global uncertainty and deepening interdependency. MIKTA foreign ministries have used the group as an ad hoc capacity-building and network-sharing scheme; and as a low-cost toolkit to diversify their traditional diplomatic channels and increase global visibility in various multilateral forums. However, MIKTA’s flexible, but precarious, institutional realities also suggest that minilateral arrangements that share MIKTA’s operational characteristics are likely to be short-lived and suffer from weak member commitment, resource constraints, forum-shopping risks, and a leadership vacuum.
(Un)Veiling “Tradition”: Fashioning Multifaceted Orhni and Hijab Assemblages in Trinidad
Authors: Ollivierre Jillian
Published: April 2019

Examining sartorial life histories—interviews detailing the entangled biographies of women and their garments—this article attends to the material microscopics of Indo-Trinidadian women’s orhni and hijab veiling practices, dress conventions that circulate as visual markers of idealized femininities vested in mobilizations of Indian, Hindu, and/or Islamic tradition. Complicating facile projections of bounded and timeless essences, women’s narratives highlight the dynamic, hybrid ways in which they have historically “assembled” their outfits, weaving together the diverse material, aesthetic, and ideological threads available to them in a multi-ethnic, multi-faith, and globalized Trinidad. While representations of veiling have facilitated the cordoning-off of ethnic and religious divides, attending to the multifaceted materialities and aesthetics of orhni and hijab assemblages can rip away at the seams that reinforce fictive notions of bounded “culture” and static “tradition” in the Caribbean.
Re-evaluating Theory and Methods in Diplomatic History: Bringing in Psychology, Neuroscience, Micro-Sociology, and Quantum
Authors: Holmes Marcus
Published: April 2019

The discipline of international relations (ir) is not known for the prominence given to diplomatic history. Yet, recent trends in behavioral science have resulted in the emergence of a renewed focus on diplomacy in ir, in particular with regard to the emotions and psychology of international actors.
Diplomacy and the History of International Relations: Redefining a Conflictual Relationship
Authors: Badel Laurence
Published: April 2019

Because of Pierre Renouvin’s key role in defining the history of international relations, French historians have long nurtured a complex relationship with this academic field. Since the early 2000s, there has been a new commitment in this field, marked by both a sociological and cultural approach.
An update on tropical Ctenidae from Jamaica (Arachnida: Araneae)
Authors: POLOTOW DANIELE , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D.
Published: April 2019

The two known species of Ctenidae from Jamaica are redescribed: Acanthoctenus remotus Chickering, 1960 and Ctenusmalvernensis Petrunkevitch, 1910. One new species is described, Ctenus catherine sp. nov., based on a single male. All three species are known only from Jamaica.
A new species of the genus Philarius (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: MITSUHASHI MASAKO
Published: April 2019

A new species of scleractinian coral associating pontoniine shrimp, Philarius rufulus sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a single ovigerous female from Ryukyu Islands.
The tropical species of the subgenus Pterygotrigla (Pisces: Triglidae: Pterygotrigla) with description of a new species
Authors: RICHARDS WILLIAM J. , YATO TAKUJI
Published: April 2019

The tropical species of the triglid subgenus Pterygotrigla (Pterygotrigla) are reviewed. Diagnoses, descriptions, and distributions are given for P. ryukyuensis, P. guezei, for two recently described species, P. saumarez and P. gomoni, and one new species. P. cajorarori, described herein. The statuses of the species of the subgenus are discussed and the subgenus is diagnosed. The subgenus lacks a nasal spine and has a short opercular spine, two features that distinguish it from the other two subgenera. The new species, P. cajorarori, has extreme hyperostosis of the head bones and first dorsal fin spines. It has 12+3 pectoral fin rays and is a rare species with few specimens from Japan, Philippines, Australia, and Indonesia.
A new species of Amazophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from southern Amazonia
Authors: ÁVILA ROBSON W. , CARVALHO VINICIUS T. , GORDO MARCELO , KAWASHITA-RIBEIRO RICARDO A. , MORAIS DRAUSIO H.
Published: April 2019

A new species of the genus Amazophrynella is described from southern Amazonia, Brazil. The new species is characterized by its medium size for the genus (15.2–19.3 mm SVL in males, 20.2–25.7 mm SVL in females), snout rounded in dorsal view, acute in lateral view, presence of subrostral crest not converging anteriorly, finger I shorter than finger II, and by dorsal and ventral coloration. The reproductive behavior of the new species is similar to other Amazophrynella with pigmented and numerous eggs that are probably laid in temporary ponds.
Notes on the species of Perkinsiana (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from Antarctica with the description of P. brigittae sp. nov.
Authors: TOVAR-HERNÁNDEZ MARÍA ANA , YÁÑEZ-RIVERA BEATRIZ , GIANGRANDE ADRIANA , GAMBI MARIA CRISTINA
Published: April 2019

Nine nominal species are known from Antarctica and adjacent waters that have been assigned to the genus Perkinsiana(Polychaeta: Sabellidae). Taxonomic notes for these species are provided. Currently, only six species are considered valid:Perkinsiana antarctica (Kinberg), P. decorata (Rullier), P. borsibrunoi Giangrande and Gambi, P. magalhaensis(Kinberg), P. milae Giangrande and Gambi and P. pusilla (Johansson); P. antarctica (Gravier) is incertae sedis; P. littoralis(Hartman) is a suggested synonym of P. magalhaensis (Kinberg) and P. antarctica (Gravier), while Potamilla antarcticachristenseni Augener probably belongs to the genus Notaulax. Perkinsiana is amended based on the presence of a palmatemembrane and radiolar flanges, and three types of abdominal chaetae. The new species Perkinsiana brigittae sp. nov. ishere described from collections taken by the U. S. Antarctic Research Program (USARP) at Wilkes Station. A taxonomic key for species of Perkinsiana from Antarctica is provided.
Polychaetes from Santa Catarina State (southern Brazil): checklist and remarks on species distribution
Authors: PAGLIOSA PAULO ROBERTO , DORIA JOÃO GABRIEL , ALVES GIORGIA FREITAS , DE ALMEIDA TITO CESAR MARQUES , LORENZI LUCIANO , NETTO SERGIO ANTONIO , DA CUNHA LANA PAULO
Published: April 2019

This study summarizes taxonomic information on polychaetes from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, between25º57'S and 29º23'S, and provides species distribution records together with information on habitats, based on historicaldata and novel records from primary surveys. Rarefaction curves showed that most species were found in the shallowsublittoral (to 60 m) rather than in deep sublittoral (>60 m) or estuarine habitats. Altogether, 228 valid species belongingto 141 genera and 44 families were recorded. This inventory adds 141 new records to previous regional reports. We founda shift in occurrence of species when comparing data from the study area with data from both southward (29–33º S) andnorthward (23–26º S) sites. Few species were shared between consecutive sites: this could be a response to the regionalbehaviour of the atmosphere and water masses, with a progressive increase in the influence of subantarctic waters and a decrease in the influence of subtropical waters.
A new highland species of treefrog of the Dendropsophus columbianus group (Anura: Hylidae) from the Andes of Colombia
Authors: RIVERA-CORREA MAURICIO , GUTIÉRREZ-CÁRDENAS PAUL DAVID ALFONSO
Published: April 2019

A new species of tree frog of the genus Dendropsophus is described from the highlands of the Cordillera Central of theAndes, departamento de Antioquia, Colombia (06º58’50’’N, 75º08’07’’W, 1700 m a.s.l.). Dendropsophus norandinus sp.nov. differs from other Andean Dendropsophus previously described by the following combination of traits: dorsal skinsmooth with minute scattered tubercles; axillary membrane developed; distal subarticular tubercle of fourth finger bifid;ventral surfaces cream with variable brown markings on gula, throat, and outer region of belly; medial area of the bellyimmaculate; in life axilla and groin pale yellow in males and bright orange in females; toe webbing extensive [I (1–1+ )–(11/2–13/4 ) II 1–(2–2- ) III 1–(2–2- ) IV (2–2- )–1 V], and tadpoles with tooth row formula of 0/2. On the basis of morphologicalsimilarities, principally between tadpoles, we tentatively assign this new species to the Dendropsophus columbianus group.
Taxonomic studies on some little known genera of Palearctic Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
Authors: BURKS R. A.
Published: April 2019

Some neglected genera of Palearctic Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea) are reviewed as part of ongoing preparation of keys to identification of world genera of these families. Some of these genera are represented by distinctive species which properly belong to larger genera, and some were described based on misinterpreted morphological characters. Bryopezus Erdös syn. nov. is synonymized under Deutereulophus Schulz, Danuviella Erdös syn. nov. under Diglyphus Walker, Cleolophus Mercet syn. nov. and Parpholema Szelényi syn. nov. under Hemiptarsenus Westwood, Dubiostalon Szelényi syn. nov. under Neotrichoporoides Girault, and Dudichilla Szelényi syn. nov. under Syntomopus Walker. Deutereulophus brevipennis (Erdös) comb. nov., Diglyphus subplanus (Erdös) comb. nov., Hemiptarsenus autonomus (Mercet) comb. nov., Hemiptarsenus virescens (Storozheva) comb. nov., Neotrichoporoides inusitatus (Szelényi) comb. nov., Mesopolobus fuscus (Szelényi) comb. nov., Syntomopus crassicornis (Szelényi) comb. nov. are new combinations resulting from these changes. Two species are transferred to their proper genera: the brachypterous species Necremnus collaris (Szelényi) comb. nov. from Microlycus Thomson, and Mesopolobus fuscus (Szelényi) comb. nov. from Tricolas Bouček. Neanica Erdös is discussed as a distinct and valid genus within Pteromalinae, with comparison to other genera. The replacement name Hemiptarsenus collapsus nom. nov. is chosen for Parpholema collaris Szelényi, which becomes a junior homonym of Hemiptarsenus collaris (Ashmead). Reasons for taxonomic changes are discussed with reference to distinctive features shared with species in other genera. One newly discovered morphological feature is discussed, the prepectal bulge found in some Sphegigastrini (Pteromalidae). Photographs of type specimens are provided to facilitate future recognition of these species.
The bees of the genus Colletes Latreille 1802 of the Ukraine, with a key to species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae)
Authors: PROSHCHALYKIN MAXIM YU. , KUHLMANN MICHAEL
Published: April 2019

Twenty two species of the bee genus Colletes are recorded for Ukraine and C. brevigena Noskiewicz 1936 is reported for the first time. A new synonymy is here established: C. maidli Noskiewicz 1936 = C. lebedewi Noskiewicz 1936, syn. nov. The patterns of the zonal distribution of Colletes in Ukraine are discussed. Original illustrated keys to males and females of all species known from Ukraine are provided.
A review of the taxonomic history and biodiversity of the genus Urodeta (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae), with description of new species
Authors: DE PRINS JURATE , SRUOGA VIRGINIJUS
Published: April 2019

The taxonomic history of the genus Urodeta Stainton 1869 (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) is presented. Three new species: Urodeta acinacella Sruoga et De Prins, sp. nov., U. quadrifida Sruoga et De Prins, sp. nov. and U. trilobata Sruoga et De Prins, sp. nov., from South Africa are described. The new species are diagnosed and illustrated with photographs of the adults and genitalia. A global, annotated catalogue of the Urodeta species diversity is presented. The impact of formerly published taxonomic decisions on the position of Urodeta within Gelechioidea is discussed.
Chromis tingting, a new species of damselfish from mesophotic coral ecosystems of southern Japan, with notes on C. mirationis Tanaka (Teleostei: Pomacentridae)
Authors: TEA YI-KAI , GILL ANTHONY C. , SENOU HIROSHI
Published: April 2019

Chromis tingting sp. nov., is described on the basis of the holotype and three paratypes from Sagami Bay, Japan. The new species likely belongs to a complex consisting of C. mirationis, C. okamurai and C. struhsakeri, with which it shares the following character combination: dorsal rays XIV,13–14; anal rays II,12; pectoral rays 19–20; tubed lateral-line scales 15–17; two spinous procurrent rays dorsally and ventrally in the caudal fin; and a generally silvery white adult coloration. The new species differs from the other members of its complex in coloration details (particularly in juvenile coloration), and in having fewer gill rakers (5–6 + 17–20 = 22–26), and a larger eye -(13.7–19.4 % SL). The new species has previously been confused with Chromis mirationis, and the contention is herewith briefly discussed.
Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India
Authors: SALINI S.
Published: April 2019

The species of the genus Halys Fabricius, 1803 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Halyini) from India are redescribed and revised. Examination of more than 300 specimens collected from all over the country revealed the presence of four species, including a new species: Halys mudigerensis sp. nov., H. serrigera Westwood, 1837, H. shaista Ghauri, 1988 and H. sulcata (Thunberg, 1783). The following synonymies are proposed: H. sulcata (Thunberg, 1783) = Halys sindillus Memon, Meier & Manan, 2006, syn. nov. = Halys spinosus Shaikh, Memon & Shah, 2011, syn. nov. = Halys mulberriensis Memon, Parveen, Ahmad & Shaikh, 2016, syn. nov. = Halys noakoatensis Memon, Parveen, Ahmad & Shah, 2017, syn. nov.; H. serrigera Westwood, 1837 = Halys fabricii Memon, Ahmad & Perveen, 2002. Halys neelgiriensis, Halys rugosa and Halys persa are considered as incertae sedis. The diagnostic characters of species of Halys are compared and keys to males and females of Halys species occurring in India are provided. [Species Zoobank url: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:18A62E8C-4AFE-4180-AD5B-7F502BB819F2]
Shapes and Fall Orientations of Ice Particle Aggregates
Authors: Jiang Zhiyuan , Verlinde Johannes , Clothiaux Eugene E. , Aydin Kultegin , Schmitt Carl
Published: April 2019

Testing the often-made assumption that ice particle aggregates (snowflakes) are well represented by oblate spheroids, ellipsoid fits are applied to aggregate images. An algorithm to retrieve both the ellipsoidal parameters and the orientations of the fitted ellipsoids is applied to Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera measurements of ice particle aggregates observed in Alaska. The resulting ellipsoids have shapes closer to prolate spheroids than the oft-assumed oblate spheroids. A robust linear relationship exists between the two characteristic aspect ratios of the ellipsoids. The most probable orientation of the maximum dimension of the retrieved ellipsoids is not in the horizontal plane, and the rotational angles of the maximum dimensions in the horizontal plane are not uniform, but instead display some correlation with the wind direction at the times of the measurements. The retrieval results can be used to improve the representation of aggregates in microphysics and/or electromagnetic radiation scattering models applicable to radar and satellite measurements.
Theoretical Analysis of the Entrainment–Mixing Process at Cloud Boundaries. Part II: Motion of Cloud Interface
Authors: Pinsky Mark , Khain Alexander
Published: April 2019

The entrainment–mixing process leads to formation of a cloud–environment interface zone, consisting of the cloud dilution zone, where the liquid water content decreases as the distance from the cloud interior increases, and a humid shell with higher humidity in comparison with the dry environment. The time evolution of the location and width of these zones is analyzed by solving the diffusion–evaporation equation for the open region in the vicinity of the cloud–dry air interface. Upon normalization, the problem is reduced to a one-parametric one, the governing parameter being the potential evaporation parameter R < 0, which is proportional to the ratio of saturation deficit in the dry air to the available liquid water content in the cloud air. It is shown that the widths of the dilution zone and the humid shell increase with time. At R < −1, the interface between the dilution zone and the humid shell (i.e., the cloud edge) moves toward the cloud interior (i.e., the cloud dissipates). If R > −1, the cloud edge moves outward; that is, the mixing leads to an increase in the cloud volume. It is shown that the relative humidity remains high within most of the cloud dilution zone, and the effective radius changes only slightly, especially in growing clouds, where the effective radius changes by less than 10% within more than 80% of the cloud dilution zone. The strong decrease in the LWC is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the droplet concentration. The study is illustrated by means of two examples of clouds: a small cumulus (Cu) typical of the trade wind zone and a deep convective cloud typical of the monsoon period over India. It is shown that while the small Cu tends to dissipate, the deep convective cloud expands. The characteristic sizes of the dilution zone and the humid shell are several tens of meters for the small Cu and several hundred meters for the deep convective cloud.
Short-Term and Long-Term Surface Soil Moisture Memory Time Scales Are Spatially Anticorrelated at Global Scales
Authors: McColl Kaighin A. , He Qing , Lu Hui , Entekhabi Dara
Published: April 2019

Land–atmosphere feedbacks occurring on daily to weekly time scales can magnify the intensity and duration of extreme weather events, such as droughts, heat waves, and convective storms. For such feedbacks to occur, the coupled land–atmosphere system must exhibit sufficient memory of soil moisture anomalies associated with the extreme event. The soil moisture autocorrelation e-folding time scale has been used previously to estimate soil moisture memory. However, the theoretical basis for this metric (i.e., that the land water budget is reasonably approximated by a red noise process) does not apply at finer spatial and temporal resolutions relevant to modern satellite observations and models. In this study, two memory time scale metrics are introduced that are relevant to modern satellite observations and models: the “long-term memory” τL and the “short-term memory” τS. Short- and long-term surface soil moisture (SSM) memory time scales are spatially anticorrelated at global scales in both a model and satellite observations, suggesting hot spots of land–atmosphere coupling will be located in different regions, depending on the time scale of the feedback. Furthermore, the spatial anticorrelation between τS and τL demonstrates the importance of characterizing these memory time scales separately, rather than mixing them as in previous studies.