bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Balanced Strategy for the FFBS Operator Integrating Dispatch Area, Route, and Depot Based on Multimodel Technologies
Authors: Zhou Qingfeng , Zhou Jun , Wong Chun Janice
Published: May 2021

Bicycle scheduling is the essential strategy for balancing the demand for the public bicycle system (PBS). Existing literature pays more attention to bike scheduling models and their solutions, but seldom discusses the dispatch area and depot center. Reasonable dockless public bicycle dispatch area and optimal dockless bike dispatch depot location in the service area were discussed from the existing shared bicycle operation data in this paper. We proposed a feasible framework including bike trip network segmentation, mean-shift clustering based on the point position, VRP model, genetic algorithm, and TOPSIS evaluation method. The effectiveness and superiority of the division of the dispatch area are verified. The main evidence for this article is (1) although the cycling networks of bicycles are different at different times of the day, the results of community division are relatively stable and have great similarities. (2) The plan of the dispatch area has impacted on the operation efficiency of the PBS. For a scheduling area, the target value of the optimal scheduling strategy corresponding to different dispatch centers is obviously different. Therefore, the location of the dispatch center has a great impact on the quality of the scheduling strategy. The dispatch area determined by bike trip OD community detection has stable characteristics of scheduling costs. (3) This work is an attempt to combine big data and model technology to assist city management. We build a feasible framework to serve a balanced strategy for FFBS which can provide reasonable dispatch area, optimal dispatch depot location, dispatch truck’s route length, load action, and time window. Our proposed framework provides new ideas for regional traffic dispatching for the traffic management department and FFBS operator, which has certain practical reference significance.
PGC‐1α Protects against Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Activating PPARα and PPARγ and Regulating ROS Production
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Li Zihao , Zhao Baolei , Wu Yaohua , Fu Yao , Kang Kai , Li Yao , Dong Liqian , Li Xiaozhuang , Zhang Bao , Wu Huibo , Shen Benqiang , Xu Yanan , Pan Shangha , Jiang Hongchi , Wang Dawei , Ma Yong
Published: May 2021

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) α and γ have been shown to be protective in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the precise role of PPARγ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), which can coactivate both of these receptors, in hepatic I/R injury, remains largely unknown. This study was designed to test our hypothesis that PGC‐1α is protective during hepatic I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that endogenous PGC‐1α is basally expressed in normal livers and is moderately increased by I/R. Ectopic PGC‐1α protects against hepatic I/R and hepatocyte anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injuries, whereas knockdown of endogenous PGC‐1α aggravates such injuries, as evidenced by assessment of the levels of serum aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines, necrosis, apoptosis, cell viability, and histological examination. The EMSA assay shows that the activation of PPARα and PPARγ is increased or decreased by the overexpression or knockdown of PGC‐1α, respectively, during hepatic I/R and hepatocyte A/R injuries. In addition, the administration of specific antagonists of either PPARα (MK886) or PPARγ (GW9662) can effectively decrease the protective effect of PGC‐1α against hepatic I/R and hepatocyte A/R injuries. We also demonstrate an important regulatory role of PGC‐1α in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism during hepatic I/R, which is correlated with the induction of ROS‐detoxifying enzymes and is also dependent on the activations of PPARα and PPARγ. These data demonstrate that PGC‐1α protects against hepatic I/R injury, mainly by regulating the activation of PPARα and PPARγ. Thus, PGC‐1α may be a promising therapeutic target for the protection of the liver against I/R injury.
The Prognostic Role of Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Geng Chuanying , Yang Guangzhong , Wang Huijuan , Zhang Zhiyao , Zhou Huixing , Chen Wenming
Published: May 2021

Purpose. To evaluate the prognostic role of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 354 patients with newly diagnosed MM who received primary treatment in our center. The propensity score matching technique was used to reduce the bias between groups. Results. Among 354 patients, lengthened PT or APTT was observed in 154 (43.5%) patients and 200 (56.5%) patients had normal PT and APTT. Patients with lengthened PT or APTT had significantly shorter median overall survival (OS) (37.5 vs. 73.8 months, p < 0.001) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (23.1 vs. 31.6 months, p = 0.001) than those with normal PT and APTT. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that lengthened PT or APTT was associated with shorter OS (HR = 2.100, 95% CI: 1.525‐2.893, p < 0.001). Lengthened PT or APTT was also a poor prognostic factor for OS (HR = 3.183, 95% CI: 1.803‐5.617, p < 0.001) in multivariable analyses. The poor effect of lengthened PT or APTT on PFS was confirmed in univariate analysis (HR = 1.715, 95% CI: 1.244‐2.365, p = 0.001), but it had no impact on PFS in multivariate analysis (p = 0.197). In the propensity score matching analysis, 154 patients, 77 in each group, were identified. Among 154 matched patients, the OS of patients with lengthened PT or APTT was shorter (38.4 vs. 51.0 months, p = 0.030), but PFS was similar (29.0 vs. 35.0 months, p = 0.248). Conclusion. These results demonstrated that lengthened PT or APTT was an independent poor prognostic factor for patients with newly diagnosed MM.
CEP55 Positively Affects Tumorigenesis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Is Correlated with Poor Prognosis
Authors: Yan Shu-Mei , Liu Lili , Gu Wan-Yi , Huang Li-Yun , Yang Yi , Huang Yu-Hua , Luo Rong-Zhen
Published: May 2021

Centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) is a centrosome- and midbody-associated protein that is overexpressed in several cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of CEP55-mediated progression and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is not clear. In the current study, we detected CEP55 mRNA by qRT-PCR while protein expression was detected by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, we knocked down CEP55 and investigated the ability of CEP55 to affect colony formation and migration. Here, we report that CEP55 mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased in ESCC. IHC staining showed that CEP55 expression correlated with TNM stage (

p
=
0.046

) and lymph node metastases (

p
=
0.024

). According to overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), patients whose tumors expressed a higher level of CEP55 had a poorer prognosis than those with low expression level of CEP55. A multivariate analysis revealed that CEP55 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for patients with ESCC. Knockdown of CEP55 decreased the colony formation ability and migration of ESCC cells and also reduced the phosphorylation of Src, FAK, and ERK. Therefore, our study implied that CEP55 may be a valuable biomarker and a potential target in the treatment of patients with ESCC.
Design of Teaching Video Resource Management System in Colleges and Universities based on Microtechnology
Authors: Yan Qingbo
Published: May 2021

The video management system in colleges and universities has become one of the most important platforms for video communication. In order to improve the storage and sharing of teaching video resource system in colleges and universities, this paper designs a teaching video resource management system based on micro grid technology. Through the construction of microtechnology + NAS network storage, the video network storage is realized, and the network sharing efficiency is improved. In addition, ASP.NET is used to develop video release and on-demand module, to meet the needs of users; through a variety of terminals in the presentation layer to display the relevant content, the design of video resource management system in line with the teaching needs of colleges and universities is completed. The experimental results show that the image processed by the system is smooth and delicate, the tone is realistic, and the system has good storage performance and high sharing efficiency.
Research on Fracture and Energy Evolution of Rock Containing Natural Fractures under Cyclic Loading Condition
Authors: Li Xueliang , Wang Yu , Xu Shuo , Yang Haonan , Li Bo
Published: May 2021

For rock engineering in cold regions, the naturally fractured rock is susceptible to repeated freeze-thaw (F-T) weathering, coupled fatigue conditions of freeze-thaw (F-T), and stress disturbance act on rock mass, which can lead to the instability of rock engineering and even occurrence of geological hazards. Knowledge of how natural fracture affects the overall fracture evolution of freeze-thawed rock is crucial to rock mass stability. Laboratory multilevel cyclic loading tests are conducted to reveal the fatigue behavior and energy evolution for naturally fractured marble, as well as the influence of natural fracture volume on fracture evolution. The test results show that the preexisting natural fracture impacts fatigue strength, lifetime, and energy dissipation. The dissipated energy is correlated to all kinds of natural fracture (i.e., opening-mode, closing-mode, and filling-mode), and it decreases with the increase of the total natural fracture volume. The dissipated energy presents a first slow and then faster pattern as the cycle number grows. Compared with newly formed cracks, the proportion of energy consumed by stimulating natural cracks is smaller.
The Variation Mechanism of Thermal Properties of Loess with Different Water Contents during Freezing
Authors: Dong Xihao , Liu Shuai , Yu Yuanxiang
Published: May 2021

The thermal properties of soils are affected by many factors, such as temperature, water content, and structure. Based on the transient plane source method of thermal physics, the thermal properties of loess with different water content during the freezing process were tested. We analyzed the variation mechanism of thermal properties from the perspective of phase change. Based on the Pore/Particle and Crack Analysis System (PCAS) and theory of heat transfer, we then analyzed the microstructure and heat conduction process of loess. And a calculation model of volumetric heat capacity of frozen soil was presented. The results show that, in the major phase transition zone, the variation of the thermal properties of loess with temperature is the most significant. And the thermal diffusivity increases sharply with the significant increase of thermal conductivity and the rapid decrease of volumetric heat capacity. Moisture content not only increases the thermal conductivity and volume heat capacity of loess but also makes the influence of temperature on the thermophysical parameters more significant. The effect of temperature on thermal properties is mainly due to the change of heat transfer media caused by phase transition of water‐ice, followed by the change of thermal properties of heat transfer media such as soil particles, water, ice, and air with temperature. Increasing the water content reduces the contact thermal resistance between soil particles because of the increase in the thickness of the water film on the surface of soil particles and the thermal conductivity of the heat transfer medium between particles, thus changing the thermal properties of soils.
Evolutionary Game Analysis of Cross-Regional Coordinated Governance of Major Public Health Emergencies: The Example of the Spread of the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Xiao Yao , Peng Qiao , Xu Wanting
Published: May 2021

Cross-regional governance of government often faces various problems, which often brings great loss to the society. The global outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in early 2020 has not only caused serious economic and social losses to various countries but also put the current public health event governance system to a severe test. The cross-regional character and spillover effects of public health outbreak governance often make it difficult to coordinate cross-regional governance. In this context, this paper adopts a regional evolutionary game analysis framework and studies the cross-regional governance of public health emergencies by constructing a symmetric game of peripheral regions and an asymmetric game of core-peripheral regions. The marginal contribution of this paper is to attempt to construct a symmetric game model for peripheral regions and an asymmetric game model for core and peripheral regions using an evolutionary game approach to study the behavioral strategies of multiple regions in the governance of public health emergencies, and it is found that when the regional spillover effects and governance costs are small or the economic and social damages caused by public health emergencies are large, all regions will choose to conduct coordinated governance. Otherwise, there will be regions that choose to “free-ride.” This “free-rider” mentality has led to the failure in achieving good cross-regional collaborative governance of public health emergencies, resulting in a lack of efficiency in the overall governance of public health in society. However, when the spillover effect of regional governance exceeds a certain critical value, the result of the regional governance game is also the socially optimal result, when public health emergencies are effectively governed. At the same time, the relevant findings and analytical framework of this paper will provide a policy reference for the cross-regional governance of the current new crown epidemic.
Some New Results of Interpolative Hardy–Rogers and Ćirić–Reich–Rus Type Contraction
Authors: Errai Youssef , Marhrani El Miloudi , Aamri Mohamed
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we present new concepts on completeness of Hardy–Rogers type contraction mappings in metric space to prove the existence of fixed points. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of

g

-interpolative Hardy–Rogers type contractions in

b

-metric spaces to prove the existence of the coincidence point. Lastly, we add a third concept, interpolative weakly contractive mapping type, Ćirić–Reich–Rus, to show the existence of fixed points. These results are a generalization of previous results, which we have reinforced with examples.
MNSFβ Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Human Extravillous Trophoblast Cells and the Villus Expression Level of MNSFβ Is Decreased in Recurrent Miscarriage Patients
Authors: Wang Nan , Yang Qian , Gu Yan , Zhen Xingxing , Shi Yan , Gu Wenwen , Wang Jianmei , He Yaping , Wang Jian
Published: May 2021

Aims: The invasion of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells into maternal decidua is essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Derangement of EVT cell invasion might cause pregnancy complications including recurrent miscarriage (RM). We previously reported that deficiency of monoclonal nonspecific suppressor factor beta (MNSFβ) led to the early pregnancy failure in mice and the decidual MNSFβ expression level in RM patients was significantly decreased, but the underlying molecular mechanism of the role that MNSFβ played at the maternal-fetal interface remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, we determined effects of downregulated MNSFβ expression on human EVT cell activities. Methods: The MNSFβ expression in first-trimester human decidual and placental villus tissues was detected, respectively, by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemical analyses. The MNSFβ expression level in the immortalized first-trimester human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo was downregulated by transfecting the small interfering RNA against MNSFβ and upregulated by transfecting the recombinant pDsRed-MNSFβ plasmids. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis activities of HTR8/SVneo cells were, respectively, determined by cytometry assay, scratch test, transwell assay, and FITC/PI staining. The expression levels of P53, RhoA, Bcl-2, Bax, and MMP-9 in HTR8/SVneo cells, as well as the expression levels of MNSFβ and RhoA in placental villi of RM patients and physically normal pregnant women (NP), were examined by Western blot analysis. Results: MNSFβ protein signals were observed in first-trimester human villus and extravillous trophoblast cells. The downregulated MNSFβ expression significantly attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HTR8/SVneo cells, accompanied with the obviously decreased expression levels of P53, RhoA, Bcl-2, Bax, and MMP-9, whereas the upregulated MNSFβ expression in HTR8/SVneo cells represented the inverse effects. Furthermore, expression levels of MNSFβ and RhoA in first-trimester human placental villus tissues of RM patients were significantly decreased compared to that of NP women. Conclusion: These data suggested that MNSFβ promotes proliferation and migration of human EVT cells, probably via the P53 signaling pathway, and the deficiency of MNSFβ in placental villi might lead to early pregnancy loss by reducing proliferation and invasion activities of EVTs.
The Multiple Roles of Polyphosphate in Ralstonia eutropha and Other Bacteria
Authors: Rosigkeit Hanna , Kneißle Lea , Obruča Stanislav , Jendrossek Dieter
Published: May 2021

An astonishing variety of functions has been attributed to polyphosphate (polyP) in prokaryotes. Besides being a reservoir of phosphorus, functions in exopolysaccharide formation, motility, virulence and in surviving various forms of stresses such as exposure to heat, extreme pH, oxidative agents, high osmolarity, heavy metals and others have been ascribed to polyP. In this contribution, we will provide a historical overview on polyP, will then describe the key proteins of polyP synthesis, the polyP kinases, before we will critically assess of the underlying data on the multiple functions of polyP and provide evidence that – with the exception of a P-storage-function – most other functions of polyP are not relevant for survival of Ralstonia eutropha, a biotechnologically important beta-proteobacterial species.
Devorando Artaud 25 anos de “Pra dar um fim no juízo de Deus”, do Teat(r)o Oficina
Authors: Pecorelli Biagio
Published: May 2021

Em 4 de novembro de 1996, por ocasião dos 100 anos do nascimento de Antonin Artaud, a Associação Teat(r)o Oficina Uzyna Uzona realizou uma “leitura dramática”, no Museu de Arte de São Paulo (MASP), de sua peça radiofônica Pra dar um fim no juízo de Deus. A encenação de José Celso se tornaria um dos marcos da pulsão performativa do grupo – principalmente ao recorrer em cena a materiais como sangue, esperma e fezes. O presente artigo celebra os 25 anos dessa montagem, memorando um ensaio emblemático da escritora norte-americana Susan Sontag sobre a vida e a obra do poeta francês. Escrito em 1973, Abordando Artaud desfaz a vulgata de um entusiasta do corpo, ressaltando a face gnóstica e “heroica” do idealizador do Teatro da Crueldade. No Oficina, no entanto, Artaud será sempre iluminado pelas lições de Oswald de Andrade, pelos lemas da contracultura e pelas manifestações performáticas da cultura brasileira – carnaval, samba e candomblé.
Anos depois, o Movimento Bixigão
Authors: Gerstner Maíra , Pupo Maria Lúcia de Souza Barros
Published: May 2021

O texto é resultado do processo de pesquisa de um ano e meio desenvolvido em 2007 e 2008 no Núcleo de Voz do “Movimento Bixigão”. Ressalta aspectos centrais da investigação realizada, como o surgimento do Movimento, o trabalho do Núcleo realizado naquele contexto e o legado da experiência em relação à trajetória do Teatro Oficina.
Repercussões de doença renal crônica na rotina familiar de crianças em hemodiálise
Authors: Santos Heloisa Sâmella Santos dos , Almeida Larice Pinto de , Silva Fernanda do Socorro Carvalho da , Costa Elson Ferreira , Oliveira Luisa Sousa Monteiro
Published: May 2021

Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se analisar as repercussões da DRC na rotina familiar de crianças em tratamento de hemodiálise. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados. Participaram 10 responsáveis/cuidadores principais de crianças com DRC em tratamento de hemodiálise, em um hospital de referência no tratamento de doenças renais pediátricas em Belém/PA. As categorias analisadas evidenciam a percepção das cuidadoras sobre as principais alterações na rotina familiar, são elas: “A percepção das cuidadoras sobre as principais alterações na rotina familiar”; “Os dias mais preocupantes” e “Os dias mais tranquilos”. Seus conteúdos incluem o abandono de atividades significativas, alterações nas Atividades de Vida Diária como alimentação, a mudança de cidade e consequentemente o afastamento da criança e cuidadora dos demais membros da família. Considera-se relevante o conhecimento deste tema pelos terapeutas ocupacionais pois, uma vez conhecidas as repercussões ocupacionais da DRC na rotina familiar as intervenções podem ser aprimoradas e favorecer uma atenção mais humanizada e sistematizada.
Near-Infrared Autofluorescence in Atherosclerosis Associates With Ceroid and Is Generated by Oxidized Lipid-Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Albaghdadi Mazen S. , Ikegami Ryutaro , Kassab Mohamad B. , Gardecki Joseph A. , Kunio Mie , Chowdhury Mohammed M. , Khamis Ramzi , Libby Peter , Tearney Guillermo J. , Jaffer Farouc A.
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) of atherosclerosis associates with intraplaque hemorrhage and is detectable in living patients with coronary artery disease. However, further mechanisms underlying NIRAF generation have not been fully characterized. Here, we investigated the role of lipids and oxidative stress in NIRAF generation in atherosclerosis and in vitro in human macrophages.

Approach and Results:

In N=15 human carotid endarterectomy specimens, we investigated the spatial distribution of lipid, intraplaque hemorrhage, and NIRAF (ex/em 630/650 nm). Plaque NIRAF associated with both Sudan black-positive lipids (
r
=0.53,
P
=0.023) and GPA (glycophorin A)-positive intraplaque hemorrhage (
r
=0.48,
P
=0.043). Plaque NIRAF also localized with lipid and specifically insoluble lipid (ceroid) and iron. Intriguingly, some NIRAF-positive areas were Sudan black-positive but GPA-negative. Studies on human macrophages investigated further the role of lipids in NIRAF generation. OxLDL (Oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and hemoglobin, but not LDL, generated NIRAF in both THP-1 cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. In oxLDL-treated THP-1 cells, higher NIRAF, lipid peroxidation products, and intracellular oxidative stress markers evolved (
P
<0.001 versus LDL). The antioxidants α-tocopherol and N-acetylcysteine suppressed NIRAF generation and oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

In human atherosclerosis and human macrophages in vitro, NIRAF colocalizes with lipid and specifically insoluble lipid or ceroid. In vitro studies further show that oxidized LDL generates NIRAF, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation products. These results demonstrate a new pathway for NIRAF generation through oxidized lipid-driven oxidative stress and support ceroid as a source of NIRAF in human atherosclerosis. These findings may inform future clinical intracoronary NIRAF imaging studies of patients with coronary artery disease.
Reliability of Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination Scale Use by Paramedics: Mobile Stroke Unit First-Year Experience
Authors: Bhatt Nirav R. , Frankel Michael R. , Nogueira Raul G. , Fleming Carol , Bianchi Nicolas A. , Morgan Olivia , Chester Katleen , English Stephen W. , Janocko Nicholas , Navalkele Digvijaya , Haussen Diogo C.
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:

Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED) scale is a helpful tool to triage patients with stroke in the field. However, data on its reliability in the prehospital setting are lacking. We aim to test the reliability of FAST-ED scale when used by paramedics in a mobile stroke unit covering a metropolitan area.

Methods:

As part of standard operating mobile stroke unit procedures, paramedics initially evaluated patients. If the event characterized a stroke alert, the FAST-ED score was determined by the paramedic upon patient contact (in-person) and then independently by a vascular neurologist (VN) immediately after paramedic evaluation (remotely/telemedicine). This allowed testing of the interrater agreement of the FAST-ED scoring performance between on-site prehospital providers and remotely located VN.

Results:

Of a total of 238 patients transported in the first 15 months of the mobile stroke unit’s activity, 173 were included in this study. Median age was 63 (interquartile range, 55.5–75) years and 52.6% were females. A final diagnosis of ischemic stroke was made in 71 (41%), transient ischemic attack in 26 (15%), intracranial hemorrhage in 15 (9%), whereas 61 (35%) patients were stroke mimics. The FAST-ED scores matched perfectly among paramedics and VN in 97 (56%) instances, while there was 0 to 1-point difference in 158 (91.3%), 0 to 2-point difference in 171 (98.8%), and 3 or more point difference in 2 (1.1%) patients. The intraclass correlation between VN and paramedic FAST-ED scores showed excellent reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92–0.96;
P
<0.001). When VN recorded FAST-ED score ≥3, paramedics also scored FAST-ED≥3 in majority of instances (63/71 patients; 87.5%). A large vessel occlusion was identified in 16 (9.2%) patients; 13 occlusions were identified with a FAST-ED≥3 while 3 were missed. All of the latter patients had National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate excellent reliability of FAST-ED scale performed by paramedics when compared with VN, indicating that it can be accurately performed by paramedics in the prehospital setting.
Synopsis of Leguminosae from Iguaçu National Park, Paraná, Brazil

Authors: RAUBER CRISTIANE RITTER , LIMA LAURA CRISTINA PIRES , CAXAMBU MARCELO GALEAZZI , TEMPONI LÍVIA GODINHO
Published: May 2021

The Leguminosae family is one of the most representative in Brazil, with more than 2,800 native species in 222 genera. It is also one of the most representative families in all Brazilian phytogeographic domains, especially in the Atlantic Forest, where the Iguaçu National Park (ParNa Iguaçu) is located. The present study aimed to produce a synopsis of the Leguminosae species, and compare their distribution in three different areas of the park. ParNa has a total area of about 185,000 hectares, its vegetation is predominantly Semideciduous Forest (SF), in the areas of Foz do Iguaçu and Capanema, and a transition from this with Araucaria Forest (AF), in the area of Céu Azul. Fortnightly expeditions were carried out along the main trails of ParNa, from April 2018 to May 2019, there were also surveys in the platforms SpeciesLink, Jabot and the Reflora Virtual Herbarium, in addition to visits to the herbaria EVB, HCF, MBM, PUC-PR and UPCB. Sixty-three native species of Leguminosae distributed in 40 genera were found. The most representative genera were Senegalia with eight species, followed by Machaerium, Mimosa and Desmodium with four species each. Of these species, 24 are new records for ParNa, five were found only in the AF area, 51 only in SF and eight are found in both these vegetational types. Two species are endemic to Paraná, Mimosa prionopus and Senegalia rafinesqueana, and two are threatened, Apuleia leiocarpa and Gleditsia amorphoides. An identification key, scientific illustrations and/or photographs with diagnostic characters of the taxa and comments on the geographical distribution are presented.
Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae)
Authors: SCHOOLS MOLLY , HEDGES S. BLAIR
Published: May 2021

Lizards of the family Diploglossidae occur in moist, tropical forests of Middle America, South America, and Caribbean islands. Our analyses based on new molecular and morphological data indicate that the widely distributed genera Celestus Gray, 1839 and Diploglossus Wiegmann, 1834 are paraphyletic. We restrict the former to Caribbean islands and the latter to South America and Caribbean islands. We assign species in Middle America, formerly placed in Celestus and Diploglossus, to Advenus gen. nov., Mesoamericus gen. nov., and Siderolamprus Cope, 1861. We assign species on Caribbean islands, formerly placed in Celestus, to Caribicus gen. nov., Comptus gen. nov., Celestus, Panolopus Cope, 1862, Sauresia Gray, 1852, and Wetmorena Cochran, 1927. Our phylogenetic tree supports three major clades in the family: Celestinae subfam. nov. (Advenus gen. nov., Caribicus gen. nov., Comptus gen. nov., Celestus, Panolopus, Sauresia, and Wetmorena), Diploglossinae (Diploglossus and Ophiodes Wagler, 1828), and Siderolamprinae subfam. nov. (Mesoamericus gen. nov. and Siderolamprus). Our timetree indicates that the diploglossid lineage originated in the early Cenozoic and established three major centers of diversification in the Americas: Middle America (siderolamprines and one celestine), South America (diploglossines), and Caribbean islands (celestines and diploglossines). The majority of threatened species are on Caribbean islands, with the major threats being deforestation and predation by the introduced mongoose. Molecular and morphological data indicate that there are many undescribed species in this family of lizards.
A new karst-dwelling, colorful pitviper (Viperidae: Trimeresurus) from northern Peninsular Thailand
Authors: SUMONTHA MONTRI , SUNTRARACHUN SUNUTCHA , PAUWELS OLIVIER S. G. , PAWANGKHANANT PARINYA , CHOMNGAM NIRUT , IAMWIRIYAKUL PRAPANTH , CHANHOME LAWAN
Published: May 2021

We describe a colorful and distinctively patterned, karst-dwelling pitviper, Trimeresurus kuiburi sp. nov., from the isolated, coastal massif of Khao Sam Roi Yot in Kui Buri District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, in northern Peninsular Thailand. The new species, member of the ‘Cryptelytrops group’ sensu Malhotra & Thorpe (2004) and morphologically and genetically allied to Trimeresurus kanburiensis and T. venustus, differs from all pitviper taxa by a combination of red/purple bands on a green dorsum; a white concave suborbital stripe in males (straight and less visible in females); white, spaced vertebral dots in males (absent in females); pale green belly lacking dark dots or stripe on the lateral sides of the ventrals; partially fused first supralabial and nasal scale; 19 dorsal scale rows at midbody; 164–171 ventrals; 63–65 subcaudals in males, 51–53 in females; maximal known SVL of 451 mm; and long, papillose hemipenes.
Trachysalambria aspera (Alcock, 1905) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) from the southeastern Arabian Sea, India
Authors: PILLAI S. LAKSHMI , JEENA N.S. , MAHESWARUDU G. , SREESANTH L. , RAGESH N.
Published: May 2021

Trachysalambria aspera (Alcock, 1905) was first reported and described in detail by Alcock (1905) as Trachypeaneus asper Alcock, 1905, from the Ganjam coast (Odisha, India) and Andaman Sea. Chan et al. (2016) revised the species under the genus Trachysalambria based on molecular genetic data and resolved the confusion in their taxonomy in literature. However, they could not examine the types of T. aspera due to their non-availability (Chan et al. 2016). So we discuss the characters of the species based on the photograph of the type specimen from the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata with that of Chan et al. (2016) and also with the specimens collected from southwest coast of India where the species has not been reported earlier, but only Trachysalambria curvirostris (George, 1967). Earlier, among Trachysalambria species, T. curvirostris was reported from both the east (Bay of Bengal) and west coasts (Arabian Sea) of Indian waters (Kunju, 1960; George, 1967; Muthu, 1971; Thomas, 1976). Chan et al. (2016) states that T. curvirostris may have a restricted distribution to northern Pacific Ocean.
Why Rankings Appear Natural (But Aren’t)
Authors: Brankovic Jelena
Published: May 2021

Rankings have dramatically proliferated over the past several decades. An often-overlooked impact of this proliferation is that it has facilitated the institutionalization of an imaginary of the modern world as a stratified order, whose actors are imagined as continuously striving to perform better than others. To better understand this impact, we need to take a closer look at rankings’ premises and the way these resonate with the broader institutional environment of which rankings are a part.
Three Different Approaches to Impact: Translating, Cocreating, and Performing
Authors: Bansal Pratima (Tima) , Sharma Garima
Published: May 2021

In 1843, Søren Kierkegaard said, “ It is perfectly true, as philosophers say, that life must be understood backwards. But they forget the other proposition, that it must be lived forwards.”

Management researchers are often attracted to the business and society domain because of a desire to impact management practice to create a better world. However, they often do not have the impact that they hope, because researchers tend to rely on historical data, but managers seek insights that inform future actions. In this commentary, we describe our impact journey in three distinct moments in time. In the last one, both researchers and managers live forward.
Social networks as contexts for engagement and initiative: An empirical investigation
Authors: Qi Xiaoying
Published: May 2021

The enabling and constraining properties of networks, their effects on participants, and their subsequent social consequences have all been extensively explored in a large and growing literature. A feature of social network analysis lies in its tendency to deploy structural perspectives in explaining social outcomes. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews, this article highlights the ways in which social networks operate as a context in which individual initiative and engagement lead to the making and remaking of network attributes. An empirical examination of business networks in Chinese cities reveals the way in which the formation and maintenance of networks require the conscious contributions of members, how network norms are produced by the expressed preferences of individual members, and finally how network membership involves management of network participants.
Look up rather than down: Karl Polanyi’s fascism and radical right-wing ‘populism’
Authors: Lim Sang Hun
Published: May 2021

Radical right-wing politics is often regarded as a populist movement for social protection against economic globalisation. As a solution, contemporary Polanyian critics often suggest reforming left parties to reorient populist movements from the right to the left by building a broad non-capitalist coalition. Through a close reading of Polanyi’s works, this article offers an alternative diagnosis and prescription for preventing radical right-wing empowerment. Polanyi explains that fascists gained political power through support from capitalist elites. Political democratisation threatened the separation of the market from politics, and the war and depression resulted in the dysfunction of the market economy. In this situation, capitalist elites chose fascism – a radical measure to protect capitalism by destroying democracy. This article argues that, in order to prevent radical right-wing empowerment, we should look up, to the capitalist economy and the ruling classes, rather than only down, to welfare chauvinism and the ‘people’.
Contemporary Film and the Empathy Controversy: Part 2
Authors: Ash Beth S.
Published: May 2021

Part 2 of this article presents a reading of three films—first, The Blind Side (2009) about the interracial adoption of a Black teenager by a White upper-middle class family, second, The Kids Are All Right (2009) about a middle-class lesbian marriage, and third, The Normal Heart (2012) about gay activism during the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The first two films are mainstream and as such dramatize and cultivate empathy in ways that reinforce hegemonic (White, middle-class, and heteronormative) expectations. The Normal Heart contrasts with these films, and does so despite its homonormative focus on White gay men, in that The Normal Heart allows viewers to consider ways of resisting expected emotional responses. However, all three films illustrate the failure of Paul Bloom’s argument in Against Empathy to consider the enculturation of affect, which is quite typical of social psychology. We are, as Althusser puts it, “interpellated” by normative ideology and hegemonic representations; and film clearly demonstrates this point. Only psychoanalysis—in this article, the school of Lacan and Lacanian film theory—allows us to read unconscious dynamics in relation to coercive enculturation and identify resistant cultural representations.
Regulating Product Recall Compliance in the Digital Age: Evidence from the “Safe Cars Save Lives” Campaign
Authors: Pagiavlas Sotires , Kalaignanam Kartik , Gill Manpreet , Bliese Paul D.
Published: May 2021

The unprecedented number of product recalls in recent years and subsequent low consumer recall compliance raise questions about the role of regulatory agencies in ensuring safety. In this study, the authors develop a conceptual framework to test the impact of a regulator-initiated digital marketing campaign (DMC) on consumer recall compliance. The empirical context is the launch of a nationwide DMC by the U.S. automobile industry’s regulator. The analysis utilizes recall completion data from 296 product recalls active both before and after the DMC’s launch. The results show that the DMC improves consumer recall compliance. In the first four quarters after it was introduced, the DMC increased the number of vehicles fixed, on average, by 20,712 per recall campaign over what would be expected without the DMC. Regarding boundary conditions, the study finds that the DMC is more effective for recall campaigns with greater media coverage and for those with older recalled products. However, the DMC’s effect weakens as the time needed to repair a defective component increases. The findings should help regulators make compelling cases for greater resource allocation toward digital initiatives to improve recall compliance.
Factors Associated With University Students’ Attitude Toward Euthanasia
Authors: Saadeh Rami , Banat Amani , AbuZeina Dalia , Al-Bourini Tasneem , Abdelqader Eman , Alrabadi Nasr , Alfaqih Mahmoud A. , Allouh Mohammed Z.
Published: May 2021

Although euthanasia has been practiced for thousands of years, a wide controversy still exists around it. This study aimed to assess the attitude of university students toward euthanasia and its associated factors. The study included an online self-administered survey. Survey questions consisted of demographic information, psychological condition, and attitude toward euthanasia. A total of 1,188 students participated in the study. Approximately only one-third of the respondents (34.1%) viewed euthanasia as a moral practice, and just one-quarter (25.3%) supported legalizing it. The main reason for not supporting euthanasia was religious considerations (72.2%), followed by moral considerations (46.5%). Factors that predicted a positive attitude toward euthanasia (p < .05) included undefined religion, being male, feeling lonely, or having suicidal thoughts. Conclusively, the negative attitude toward euthanasia is primarily driven by religious beliefs. Furthermore, gender and psychological status play critical roles in students’ attitudes toward euthanasia.
The postcode lottery of safety: COVID-19 guidance and shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) for UK police officers
Authors: De Camargo Camilla
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes to police working practices involving the enhanced wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE), and ways of working inside and outside of police stations. The safety guidance released by the various government agencies has been conflicting, confusing and unhelpfully flexible, and there are significant discrepancies between some of the 43 forces of England and Wales. This article draws on primary interview data with 18 police officers from 11 UK police forces to explore the problems that officers faced in accessing appropriate PPE and the difficulties in obtaining and understanding accurate coronavirus health and safety information.
Training Public Health Students in Racial Justice and Health Equity
Authors: Chandler Caroline E. , Williams Caitlin R. , Turner Mallory W. , Shanahan Meghan E.
Published: May 2021

In an attempt to move the field of public health from documenting health disparities to acting to rectify them, in 2001, the American Public Health Association (APHA) recognized racism as a fundamental cause of racial health disparities. Both APHA and the Council on Education for Public Health have moved to incorporate new competencies in health equity for public health professionals. As schools and programs of public health work to establish curricular offerings in race and racism, a need exists to identify approaches currently in use that can be replicated, adapted, and scaled. This systematic review sought to identify pedagogical methods and curricula that exist to support the training of US public health students in understanding racism as a structural determinant of health. We found 11 examples from peer-reviewed literature of curricula, lessons, and competencies that have been developed by public health faculty and departments since 2006. The articles discussed a range of approaches to teaching about structural racism in public health, suggesting that little consensus may exist on how to best teach this material. Furthermore, we found little rigorous evaluation of these teaching methods and curricula. The results of this review suggest future research is needed on public health pedagogy on structural racism.
Teacher evaluation of the impact of The Imagineerium education project on the creativity of individual students: The Trowsdale Index of teacher observation of student creativity
Authors: Trowsdale Jo , McKenna Ursula , Francis Leslie J
Published: May 2021

In order to evaluate the impact of The Imagineerium a 10-week educational project, teachers were asked to observe and rate the behaviour of a pilot sample of 135 participating students both at the beginning and at the end of the 10-week period. Scores recorded on the seven-item Trowsdale Index of Teacher Observation of Student Creativity (TITOSC) showed a significant increase between time one and time two. In order to test the reproducibility of these findings the same index was employed a year later in a replication study among 139 students. On this occasion also, scores recorded on the seven-item Trowsdale Index of Teacher Observation of Student Creativity showed a significant increase between time one and time two. These data support the effectiveness of educational experience in enhancing teacher perception of creativity displayed by individual students.
Social movements as agents of change: Fighting intersectional food inequalities, building food as webs of life
Authors: Motta Renata
Published: May 2021

What does the diversity of social movements and food initiatives tell us about processes of social change? I argue that they offer a productive analytical lens to observe social change because they identify injustices and dynamics of inequalities in the food system and are actively engaged in transforming these. Alternative local food initiatives react to the environmental impacts of globalized food relations; food sovereignty movements highlight class inequalities and power asymmetries in the food system that affect people’s rights to culturally appropriate foodways; food justice movements denounce institutional racism; feminist movements fight persistent gender inequalities from food production to consumption; vegan movements defend animal rights. These are often mapped onto different world regions, with food justice movements more present in the US; food sovereignty movements louder in the Global South; feminist food movements more active in Latin America; and local food movements commonly in the Global North. This article brings together diverse strands of activism and research on social inequalities related to food under the conceptual umbrella of food inequalities. In addition to concept building, it contributes to a sociology of food studies by mapping the geopolitics of knowledge about social change behind the growing mobilization around food issues.
Citizen science and social movements: A case of participatory monitoring of genetically modified crops in Japan
Authors: Kimura Aya H.
Published: May 2021

Agrifood related social controversies tend to involve scientific issues and advocacy groups increasingly turn to citizen science (CS), participatory data taking by regular people, to produce health and environmental data. A common assumption is that CS’s value lies in the data produced, and its volume and quality decide its persuasive power. This article describes participatory monitoring of genetically engineered rapeseed (canola) in Japan to suggest that social movements can leverage CS not only for the production of scientific data but also as occasions for recruitment, political awareness-raising, and collaboration with other civic organizations. The article proposes a new framework for understanding CS–social movement relations that is multi-actor (vs. expert–laypeople dyad); process-oriented (vs. product/data-oriented); and long-term (vs. one-shot and isolated data taking). There is an increasing awareness of the diversity of CS. Even those that are led by grassroots organizations have multiple and shifting uses of data and foster varying political subjectivity among participants. The proposed framework helps to understand the dynamics that shape such heterogeneous pathways of CS.
Food movements, agrifood systems, and social change at the level of the national state: The Brazilian Marcha das Margaridas
Authors: Borghoff Maia Aline , Teixeira Marco Antonio
Published: May 2021

Situated within the sociological debate on social change, the present article examines the potential for food movements to transform agrifood systems. Existing analyses within the field of food studies predominantly examine agrifood systems at either the global or local level. By contrast, our analysis begins with the national sphere, and seeks to demonstrate how national transformations relate to those on the global and local scales. We, thus, challenge the approach of dichotomous scales by providing categories and perspectives that highlight the relational and interdependent character of food movements. To do so, we examine the Marcha das Margaridas – a movement based in Brasil – and its achievements in transforming the national agrifood system. Established in 2000, the Marcha das Margaridas is a feminist mobilization that plays a central part in the fight against inequalities in agrifood systems and foments discussion of food politics on a multiplicity of scales. We demonstrate this by mapping the march’s public policy achievements, and by analyzing three of these in detail.