bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prostate-Sparing Radical Cystectomy for Selected Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: Macek P. , Sanchez-Salas R. , Rozet F. , Barret E. , Galiano M. , Hanus T. , Cathelineau X.
Published: May 2013

Objectives: To review the current literature about prostate-sparing radical cystectomy (PSRC) and its potential for management of a selected population of patients with bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched for the key words ‘prostate', ‘sparing' and ‘cystectomy' between 1984 and 2012. Articles in English, French and German were considered relevant for review. Institutional experience with this procedure was also included. Results: PSRC remains a controversial procedure for the treatment of patients harboring bladder carcinoma, mainly due to insufficient knowledge of clear indications and/or contraindications. Experience with PSRC is still limited to very few referral centers and there is a lack of large series with long-term outcomes. The potential for excellent functional outcomes must be carefully balanced against inconsistent oncological results. Conclusions: PSRC may become an option for carefully selected and extensively informed patients. Suggestions for possible indications and contraindications are presented.
Surgical Treatment of Melanoma: A Survey of Italian Hospitals
Authors: Testori Alessandro , Chiarion-Sileni Vanna , Stanganelli Ignazio , Rossi Carlo Riccardo , Di Filippo Franco , Ridolfi Ruggero , Parmiani Giorgio , Gandini Sara , Soteldo Javier
Published: May 2013

Surgery is the first option for treating melanoma regardless of stage at presentation. We surveyed a representative sample of hospitals to evaluate management and quality of surgical indications for melanoma in Italy. At analysis, hospitals were grouped into high- or low-volume centers, with the population median of 25 diagnoses serving as the cut-off. Surgery for primary melanoma was similar between hospital groups. More high-volume centers were organized to perform sentinel node biopsy (91 vs. 56%). There were no major differences between high- and low-volume centers concerning the surgical approach to stage III and IV disease.
Follow-Up of Melanoma: A Survey of Italian Hospitals
Authors: Testori Alessandro , Chiarion-Sileni Vanna , Stanganelli Ignazio , Rossi Carlo Riccardo , Di Filippo Franco , Ridolfi Ruggero , Parmiani Giorgio , Gandini Sara , Soteldo Javier
Published: May 2013

Follow-up is managed internally in 94% of centers and is programmed according to international guidelines in 52% of high-volume hospitals (>25 melanoma diagnoses per year); the remainder use internal guidelines; fewer low-volume centers (≤25 diagnoses per year) have internal guidelines (25%, p = 0.001). Instrumental examinations for stage III and IV disease are similar, while the examination interval changes from 3/4 months for stage III to 2/3 months for stage IV, and use of PET/CT increases from 44 to 54%. Overall, thoracic and abdominal CT is used most for follow-up in stage III (83%), while bone scintigraphy is used more commonly in low-volume centers (41 vs. 19%, p = 0.003), despite similar use of PET/CT (48 vs. 41%). Brain CT or MRI is more common in high-volume centers (63 vs. 39%, p > 0.0001), as is echography of draining lymph nodes (71 vs. 52%, p = 0.01). Hepatic/abdominal echography and thoracic radiography are used in about 50% of centers, regardless of type. In stage IV, use of bone scintigraphy is similar among groups (ca. 40%); brain CT/NMR use increases from 51 to 64% and is more common in high-volume centers (p = 0.03). Lymph node echography is more common in high-volume centers (56 vs. 39%, p = 0.03).
Laboratory Diagnosis of Herpesvirus Infections in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris Lesions
Authors: Oliveira-Batista Danielle P. , Janini Maria Elisa R. , Fernandes Nurimar C. , Santos Norma
Published: May 2013

Background/Aims: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disorder that has an etiology impacted by genetic and exogenous factors. Viral infections, in particular herpesvirus infections, have been identified as possible PV triggers which in addition cause serious complications in these patients. This study investigates the frequency of herpesvirus infections in patients with PV lesions. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequence analyses were used to determine the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1/2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus types 6, 7, and 8 (HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8) DNA in 105 mucosal and/or skin swabs harvested from 23 patients presenting with PV lesions. Results: Thirty-six samples collected from 17 patients were positive for at least 1 virus; 3 were positive for HSV-1, 2 for HSV-2, 2 for CMV, and 7 each for HHV-6 and HHV-7. Coinfections were observed in 15 samples. Infections with VZV, EBV, HHV-6A, and HHV-8 were not detected. Herpesvirus infections were detected in 21% (13/62) of reactivated lesions, 54.5% (18/33) in persistent lesions, 40% (2/5) in exacerbated lesions, and 60% (3/5) in lesions in remission. Conclusion: PV lesions which do not show improvement following administration of adequate immunosuppressive therapy should be screened for the presence of herpesvirus infections.
Low-Protein Diet or Nutritional Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease?
Authors: Bellizzi Vincenzo
Published: May 2013

The use of a low-protein diet in treating chronic kidney disease dates back many decades. Initially, the low intake of proteins was used to reduce uremic symptoms. Thereafter, the hope of significantly slowing and even halting the progression of renal failure toward dialysis grew among nephrologists. This proved not to be effective and the low-protein diet was largely abandoned. This review focuses on the reasons why a low-protein diet, and mainly comprehensive nutritional therapy, should still be considered a cornerstone in the treatment of chronic renal failure.
Faster Scaling of Auditory Neurons in Cortical Areas Relative to Subcortical Structures in Primate Brains
Authors: Wong Peiyan , Peebles J. Klint , Asplund Christopher L. , Collins Christine E. , Herculano-Houzel Suzana , Kaas Jon H.
Published: May 2013

Allometric studies in primates have shown that the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and remaining brain structures increase in size as a linear function of their numbers of neurons and nonneuronal cells across primates. Whether such scaling rules also apply to functionally related structures such as those of the auditory system is unknown. Here, we investigate the scaling of brain structures in the auditory pathway of six primate species and the closely related tree shrew. Using the isotropic fractionator method to estimate the numbers of neurons and nonneuronal cells in the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus, and auditory cortex (Ac), we assessed how they scaled across species and examined the relative scaling relationships among them. As expected, each auditory structure scales in mass as a linear function of its number of neurons, with no significant changes in neuronal density across species. The Ac scales proportionately with the cerebral cortex as a whole, maintaining a relative mass of approximately 1% and a relative number of neurons of 0.7%. However, the Ac gains neurons faster than both subcortical structures examined. As a result, larger primate brains have increased ratios of cortical to subcortical neurons involved in processing auditory information.
FGF23: A Mature Renal and Cardiovascular Risk Factor?
Authors: Zoccali Carmine , Yilmaz Mahmut Ilker , Mallamaci Francesca
Published: May 2013

High FGF23 predicts renal function loss in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and graft failure in transplant patients. FGF23, parathyroid hormone and serum phosphate are all interrelated but among these CKD-MBD biomarkers only FGF23 is independently related with CKD progression. High FGF23 associates with endothelial dysfunction in CKD patients and in elderly individuals in the general population. Furthermore, independently of serum phosphate, high FGF23 associates with mortality and left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients and with atherosclerosis in elderly individuals in the general population. FGF23 also predicts a high risk for death and cardiovascular events in predialysis CKD patients and in subjects with coronary artery disease. A recent trial in CKD patients showed that low phosphate intake associated with a phosphate binder produces a 35% decrease in plasma FGF23. Yet in this and in another trial testing several phosphate binders, FGF23 levels remained well beyond the upper limit of the normal range. Of note, in this latter study, calcification of the coronary arteries and abdominal aorta actually increased, rather than decreased, during treatment with these drugs in the face of evidence of negative phosphate balance and amelioration of hyperparathyroidism. Mechanistic studies are still needed before testing the hypothesis that FGF23 is implicated in a causal manner in cardiovascular and renal diseases. Given the modest effects of phosphate binders on serum FGF23 in CKD patients, pharmacologic interventions antagonizing the effects of this growth factor rather than phosphate-lowering interventions should be put in place to properly test this hypothesis in the clinical scenario in CKD.
Acute Liver Failure Associated with Propylthiouracil in a Pregnant 26-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Miyamura Tatsuo , Kanda Tatsuo , Minemura Shoko , Nakamura Masato , Nakamoto Shingo , Jiang Xia , Wu Shuang , Yasui Shin , Arai Makoto , Yokosuka Osamu
Published: May 2013

It seems appropriate to use propylthiouracil to treat maternal hyperthyroidism during the first trimester of pregnancy. We present the case of a 26-year-old woman with acute liver failure associated with propylthiouracil during the first trimester of pregnancy. She was successfully treated without liver transplantation. Attention should be paid to the possible occurrence of propylthiouracil-induced hepatotoxicity even during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Long-term Morphofunctional Remodeling of Internal Thoracic Artery Grafts
Authors: Porto Italo , Gaudino Mario , De Maria Giovanni Luigi , Di Vito Luca , Vergallo Rocco , Bruno Piergiorgio , Bonalumi Giorgia , Prati Francesco , Bolognese Leonardo , Crea Filippo , Massetti Massimo
Published: May 2013

Background—

Internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) are frequently anastomosed to the coronary circulation for bypass grafting. The purpose of this research was to investigate in vivo the long-term morphofunctional changes of ITAs after their use as coronary artery bypass conduits, by comparing the morphological features and vasoreactivity of the grafted left ITA (LITA) with the native, nonharvested right ITA (RITA) in the same patient.

Methods and Results—

At least 10 years after surgery, in 10 patients, LITA graft and nonharvested RITA were assessed by quantitative angiography and frequency-domain optical tomography. Endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation was tested by selective infusion of acetylcholine and isosorbide dinitrate. Quantitative angiography showed that baseline mean diameter of LITA graft was significantly smaller than that of RITA (2.59 mm [2.29–3.04] versus 3.05 mm [2.75–3.32];
P
=0.01). LITA showed a significant intimal thickening (
P
=0.05) and a nonsignificant medial thinning (
P
=0.22) compared with RITA, leading to an increased intima-media ratio (intima-media ratio, 0.72 [0.53–0.91] versus 0.23 [0.12–0.38];
P
=0.02). The intima-media ratio correlated inversely with the vasodilatatory response in RITA (
r
=−0.68,
P
=0.03 for acetylcholine and
r
=−0.62,
P
=0.05 for isosorbide dinitrate) but not in LITA (
r
=−0.18,
P
=0.63 for acetylcholine and
r
=−0.11,
P
=0.75 for isosorbide dinitrate).

Conclusions—

Ten years after implantation to the coronary circulation, LITA grafts show intimal thickening, increased intima/media ratio, and maintained endothelium-derived vasodilation. These changes are likely to be an adaptive answer to the different flow dynamics typical of coronary circulation.
Development and Validation of a Risk Score to Predict QT Interval Prolongation in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Tisdale James E. , Jaynes Heather A. , Kingery Joanna R. , Mourad Noha A. , Trujillo Tate N. , Overholser Brian R. , Kovacs Richard J.
Published: May 2013

Background—

Identifying hospitalized patients at risk for QT interval prolongation could lead to interventions to reduce the risk of torsades de pointes. Our objective was to develop and validate a risk score for QT prolongation in hospitalized patients.

Methods and Results—

In this study, in a single tertiary care institution, consecutive patients (n=900) admitted to cardiac care units comprised the risk score development group. The score was then applied to 300 additional patients in a validation group. Corrected QT (QT
c
) interval prolongation (defined as QT
c
>500 ms or an increase of >60 ms from baseline) occurred in 274 (30.4%) and 90 (30.0%) patients in the development group and validation group, respectively. Independent predictors of QT
c
prolongation included the following: female (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.0), diagnosis of myocardial infarction (2.4 [1.6–3.9]), sepsis (2.7 [1.5–4.8]), left ventricular dysfunction (2.7 [1.6–5.0]), administration of a QT-prolonging drug (2.8 [2.0–4.0]), ≥2 QT-prolonging drugs (2.6 [1.9–5.6]), or loop diuretic (1.4 [1.0–2.0]), age >68 years (1.3 [1.0–1.9]), serum K
+
<3.5 mEq/L (2.1 [1.5–2.9]), and admitting QT
c
>450 ms (2.3; confidence interval [1.6–3.2]). Risk scores were developed by assigning points based on log odds ratios. Low-, moderate-, and high-risk ranges of 0 to 6, 7 to 10, and 11 to 21 points, respectively, best predicted QT
c
prolongation (C statistic=0.823). A high-risk score ≥11 was associated with sensitivity=0.74, specificity=0.77, positive predictive value=0.79, and negative predictive value=0.76. In the validation group, the incidences of QT
c
prolongation were 15% (low risk); 37% (moderate risk); and 73% (high risk).

Conclusions—

A risk score using easily obtainable clinical variables predicts patients at highest risk for QT
c
interval prolongation and may be useful in guiding monitoring and treatment decisions.
Long-Term Prognostic Value of White Coat Hypertension
Authors: Mancia Giuseppe , Bombelli Michele , Brambilla Gianmaria , Facchetti Rita , Sega Roberto , Toso Elena , Grassi Guido
Published: May 2013

The prognostic value of white coat hypertension (WCH) is still debated. In 2051 subjects representative of the general population of Monza, we measured office, ambulatory, and home blood pressure (BP). The risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was assessed over 16 years in normotensive, sustained hypertensive, and WCH subjects, the last group being defined as usually done in clinical practice (ie, by normality of 1 out-of-office [ambulatory or home] BP with an office BP elevation). Compared with normotensive subjects, the risk of cardiovascular mortality, as adjusted for potential confounders, showed a progressive significant increase in WCH and sustained hypertensive subjects (2.04 and 2.94;
P
=0.006). In either group, a significant increase in adjusted risk was also seen for all-cause mortality. However, when the WCH group was subdivided into 2 subgroups, that is, subjects in whom both out-of-office BPs were normal (true WCH, 42%) or one BP was normal whereas the other was elevated (partial WCH, 58%), only the latter showed a significantly greater adjusted risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (2.76 and 1.58;
P
<0.03). Compared with normotensive subjects, the partial WCH group also exhibited a marked increase in adjusted risk of developing sustained hypertension over a 10-year time period (2.58;
P
<0.0001), but in this case the risk was also increased in true WCH subjects (2.89;
P
<0.0001). Thus, WCH includes subjects with a widely different long-term risk of a cardiovascular event. To identify those at higher risk, measurements of both out-of-office BPs are desirable.
Immunosenescent CD8
+
T Cells and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Chemokines Are Increased in Human Hypertension
Authors: Youn Jong-Chan , Yu Hee Tae , Lim Beom Jin , Koh Myoung Ju , Lee Jino , Chang Dong-Yeop , Choi Yoon Seok , Lee Sang-Hak , Kang Seok-Min , Jang Yangsoo , Yoo Ook Joon , Shin Eui-Cheol , Park Sungha
Published: May 2013

The pathogenic role of T cells in hypertension has been documented well in recent animal studies. However, the existence of T-cell–driven inflammation in human hypertension has not been confirmed. Therefore, we undertook immunologic characterization of T cells from patients with hypertension and measured circulating levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 chemokines, which are well-known tissue-homing chemokines for T cells. We analyzed immunologic markers on T cells from patients with hypertension by multicolor flow cytometry. We then measured circulating levels of the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 chemokines, monokine induced by γ interferon (IFN), IFN γ–induced protein 10, and IFN-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant, in patients with hypertension and in age- and sex-matched control subjects by the cytometric bead array method. In addition, we examined histological features of IFN-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant expression from renal biopsy specimens of patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and control subjects. The total T-cell population from patients with hypertension showed an increased fraction of immunosenescent, proinflammatory, cytotoxic CD8
+
T cells. Circulating levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 chemokines were significantly higher in patients with hypertension than in control subjects. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed increased expression of the T-cell chemokine, IFN-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant, in the proximal and distal tubules of patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Immunosenescent CD8
+
T cells and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 chemokines are increased in human hypertension, suggesting a role for T-cell–driven inflammation in hypertension. A more detailed characterization of CD8
+
T cells may offer new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of human hypertension.
Adiponectin Levels and the Risk of Hypertension
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Kim Chul , Ding Eric L. , Townsend Mary K. , Lipsitz Lewis A.
Published: May 2013

Animal studies and small controlled studies in humans suggest that adiponectin may regulate blood pressure via brain-mediated and endothelium-mediated mechanisms. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the epidemiological evidence on plasma adiponectin levels and hypertension in free-living adult population. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE, up to February 2013, identified 43 nonprospective and 5 prospective studies that included 17 598 adults (8220 with hypertension; mean age 19–69 years; and mean body mass index 22–38 kg/m
2
). Two investigators independently extracted data on adiponectin levels by hypertension status and dose–response relationship. We used a random-effects model to compute the weighted mean difference in adiponectin levels between adults with hypertension and normotensive adults and a 2-stage generalized least-square trend methods to compute the odds ratio of hypertension per 1 µg/mL increase in adiponectin. Adults with hypertension had 1.64 µg/mL (95% confidence interval, −2.07, −1.21) lower adiponectin levels than normotensive adults. Every 1 µg/mL increase in adiponectin levels was associated with 6% reduced risk of hypertension (95% confidence interval, 0.92, 0.97). These findings were consistent across study design and characteristics, including age, sex, and body mass index (
P
>0.05). However, our meta-analysis was limited by unexplained large between-study heterogeneity, a small number of prospective studies, and selective reporting of dose–response data. In conclusion, epidemiological evidence suggests that plasma adiponectin level is a biomarker and possible mediator in the development of adiposity-related hypertension. The question remains as to adiponectin as a potential therapeutic target and its relationship with other adipokines in blood pressure regulation.
Regulation of Hypothalamic Presympathetic Neurons and Sympathetic Outflow by Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Ye Zeng-You , Li De-Pei , Pan Hui-Lin
Published: May 2013

Increased glutamatergic input in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays an important role in the development of hypertension. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors are expressed in the PVN, but their involvement in regulating synaptic transmission and sympathetic outflow in hypertension is unclear. Here, we show that the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors agonist (2S,2′R,3′R)-2-(2′,3′-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV) produced a significantly greater reduction in the frequency of spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and in the amplitude of electrically evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in retrogradely labeled spinally projecting PVN neurons in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) than in normotensive control rats. DCG-IV similarly decreased the frequency of GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents of labeled PVN neurons in the 2 groups of rats. Strikingly, DCG-IV suppressed the firing of labeled PVN neurons only in SHRs. DCG-IV failed to inhibit the firing of PVN neurons of SHRs in the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. Lowering blood pressure with celiac ganglionectomy in SHRs normalized the DCG-IV effect on excitatory postsynaptic currents to the same level seen in control rats. Furthermore, microinjection of DCG-IV into the PVN significantly reduced blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in SHRs. Our findings provide new information that presynaptic group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity at the glutamatergic terminals increases in the PVN in SHRs. Activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in the PVN inhibits sympathetic vasomotor tone through attenuation of increased glutamatergic input and neuronal hyperactivity in SHRs.
Cyclotella iranica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta: Coscinodiscophyceae), a new diatom from the Karaj River, Iran
Authors: KHEIRI SOMAYYEH , NEJADSATTARI TAHER , ASRI YOUNES , HAMDI SEYED MOHAMMAD MEHDI , SPAULDING SARAH , EDLUND MARK B.
Published: May 2013

Cyclotella iranica sp. nov. is described from the Karaj River, Iran. The morphology of Cyclotella iranica is documented with light and scanning electron micrographs and discussed in comparison with several related species: Cyclotella fottii, C. delicatula, C. andancensis var. adnanensis, C. andancensis var. bauzilensis and C. andancensis var. bipolaira. Cyclotella iranica shares with these related Cyclotella species the following features: unequal stria pattern, one sessile rimoportula and several marginal fultoportulae. It is distinguished from them by the position of central fultoportula(e), which is (are) situated at the central end of the striae. It is known only from the type locality; the autecology of Cyclotella iranica shows that it is tolerant of nutrient and organic enrichment.
Asterostromella roseola Bres. ex Rick is combined in Dendrocorticium (Corticiaceae, Agaricomycetes)
Authors: BALTAZAR JULIANO M. , DA SILVEIRA ROSA MARA B. , RAJCHENBERG MARIO
Published: May 2013

Examination of the original material of Asterostromella roseola Bres. ex Rick confirmed that it is a good morphological species, characterized by simple-septate generative hyphae, dendrohyphidia and halocystidia, and hyaline, smooth, IKI- basidiospores. Its morphological affinities with current accepted corticioid genera are discussed, and the new combination Dendrocorticium roseolum is proposed. A lectotype is selected and description and drawings are provided.
Cavernicolous Arrhopalites abchasicus sp. nov. (Collembola: Symphypleona: Arrhopalitidae) from the West Caucasus with a key to the World species of the genus
Authors: VARGOVITSH ROBERT S.
Published: May 2013

A new troglobiont species of Collembola, Arrhopalites abchasicus sp. nov., from Psyrtskha Cave in Novy Afon (West Caucasus, Abkhazia) is described. Subdivision of the genus Arrhopalites on diversus, caecus and harveyi groups of spe-cies is proposed and identification key to the World species is provided.
Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae), with the description of a new species, V. carinata n. sp., from the island of Florianópolis, Brazil
Authors: PINTO RICARDO L. , ROCHA CARLOS E. F. , ROSSETTI GIAMPAOLO , MARTENS KOEN
Published: May 2013

The genus Vestalenula is the most species rich in the putative ancient asexual ostracod Family Darwinulidae. Several new Recent species were described from various continents, mostly based on carapace shape and structure. These species were found in a variety of aquatic and (semi-) terrestrial habitats, including springs, streams, interstitial waters, leaf litter in for-ests and in splash zones of waterfalls. Here, we describe V. carinata n. sp. from moist leaf litter, collected from the Bra-zilian island of Florianópolis. The species belongs to the danielopoli-lineage within the genus because of its elongated internal tooth in the left valve and elongated external keel on the right valve. It can be distinguished from all other species in this group by its size, its L/H ratio and the relative length of the keel. The relationship of this new species to the enig-matic, putative marine species Semidarwinula terraenuxforma Choe, 1988, is discussed. An identification key to species of the genus is provided.
Characterization of a monophylum Echinocletodes, its exclusion from Ancorabolinae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), and displacement of E. bodini and E. walvisi to Cletodes, including the description of two new species
Authors: GEORGE KAI HORST , MÜLLER FLORIAN
Published: May 2013

The discovery of two new species of Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda), Echinocletodes voightae sp. nov. (Ancorab-olidae Sars, 1909) and Cletodes meyerorum sp. nov. (Cletodidae T. Scott, 1905 sensu Por, 1986), permitted a phylogenetic re-examination of the genus Echinocletodes Lang, 1936, whose membership in Ancorabolidae has been increasingly que-ried in the past decade. Echinocletodes voightae was discovered in wood-falls in the Gorda Ridge (Northeast Pacific Ocean). It resembles the type species E. armatus T. Scott, 1903, sharing with it seven synapomorphies. In contrast, the other two species in the genus, E. bodini Dinet, 1974 and E. walvisi Dinet, 1974, were originally collected in the deep Angola Basin (SE Atlantic), and do not exhibit any of these synapomorphies. In fact they correspond more closely with Cletodes meyerorum, which is undoubtedly Cletodes Brady, 1972, due to the presence of two apomorphies of that genus. Consequently, both E. bodini and E. walvisi are moved from Echinocletodes to Cletodes. A revision of ancorabolid apo-morphies showed ambiguities, being absent from some Ancorabolidae but present in other non-ancorabolid taxa (like e.g. Cletodes). Ancorabolidae were, therefore, considered to be a paraphyletic group that requires extensive re-evaluation, ad-ditionally including at least the Cletodidae and Laophontidae T. Scott, 1905. Similarly when comparing Echinocletodes with the two ancorabolid subfamilies, Ancorabolinae Sars, 1909 and Laophontodinae Lang, 1944, it was revealed that many species are apparently distributed chaotically over several supraspecific taxa (at least Ancorabolidae and Cletodi-dae) instead of forming monophyla.
Morphological description of the fourth instar larva: Culicoides cataneii and Culicoides sahariensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: SLAMA DARINE , KHEDHER ASMA , BDIRA SASSI , KHAYECH FETHI , DELECOLLE JEAN-CLAUDE , MEZHOUD HABIB , BABBA HAMOUDA , EMNA CHAKER
Published: May 2013

This study was carried out of the region of Monastir in Central Tunisia, between July and August 2010. Larvae were col-lected using a floatation technique with magnesium sulfate in mud samples. The fourth instar larva of Culicoides cataneii Clastrier, 1957 and Culicoides sahariensis Callot, Kremer, Bailly-Choumara, 1970 are described, illustrated and drawn. Measurements of instars IV are also presented. This is the first record of Culicoides cataneii and Culicoides sahariensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to Tunisia.
Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera
Authors: DURÁN-BARRÓN CÉSAR G. , ROSAS MARÍA V. , CONTRERAS-RAMOS ATILANO
Published: May 2013

The monophyly of Spintharinae is supported in agreement with previous analysis of Theridiidae by Agnarsson and Arnedo et al. We study the relationships of the genera within Spintharinae. Fourteen species in the genera Chrosiothes, Episinus, Spintharus, Stemmops, and Thwaitesia constituted the ingroup, while five species from the genera Euryopis and Dipoena (Hadrotarsinae), as well as Latrodectus and Steatoda (Latrodectinae), served as outgroup taxa. The character matrix in-cluded 49 morphological characters. Parsimony analyses using several character weighting strategies supported the mono-phyly of Spintharinae with Stemmops as sister to a clade that includes the remaining ingroup taxa. Chrosiothes emerged as sister to Episinus + Spintharus + Thwaitesia which formed a polytomy. The equally weighted, successive weighted, and preferred implied weight topologies, were all logically consistent. A key to the genera of Spintharinae and diagnoses for each genus are given.
Two new species, new synonymies, and new records of Plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Northwestern China
Authors: KONSTANTINOV FEDOR V. , LUO ZHAOHUI , VINOKUROV NIKOLAY N.
Published: May 2013

Two new species of Miridae, Myrmecophyes bykovi sp. nov. and Scirtetellus medvedevae sp. nov., are described from Xinjiang province of China. Illustrations of the male genitalia, tarsus, and pretarsus; photographs of the dorsal habitus; known hosts; and distributional records are provided for each species. Two new synonymies are established, viz. Chlamydatus laminatus Li & Liu, 2006 = Chlamydatus eurotiae Kerzhner, 1962; and Chlamydatus sichuanensis Li & Liu, 2006 = Chlamydatus pullus (Reuter, 1870). The following 13 species of Miridae are recorded for the first time from China: Camptotylus meyeri Frey-Gessner, 1863, Dicyphus testaceus Reuter, 1879, Liocoris tripustulatus (Fabricius, 1781), Monocris griseolus Putshkov, 1974, Myrmecophyes kiritshenkoi Horváth, 1927, Orthotylus melanotylus Kerzhner, 1962, Phytocoris incanus Fieber, 1864, Psallopsis haloxyli Putshkov, 1976, Psallopsis kallidiicola Konstantinov, 1997, Psallus anticus (Reuter, 1876), Scirtetellus seminitens Horváth, 1904, Tuponia (Chlorotuponia) loginovae Drapolyuk, 1982, and Tuponia (Chlorotuponia) cristifera Drapolyuk, 1982. Also, the following six species of plant bugs are new records for Xinjiang Province: Camptotylidea suturalis (Reuter, 1904), Chlamydatus eurotiae Kerzhner, 1962, Compsidolon pumilum (Jakovlev, 1876), Excentricoris pictipes (Reuter, 1878), Glaucopterum gobicum Kerzhner, 1984, Oncotylus vitticeps Reuter, 1879. Pherolepis aenescens (Reuter, 1901) is indicated for Xinjiang and Liaoning Provinces. Indication of Scirtetellus gudali Kiritshenko from Inner Mongolia (Bai et al. 2006) is considered erroneous.
A Revised Conceptual Model of the Tropical Marine Boundary Layer. Part II: Detecting Relative Humidity Layers Using Bragg Scattering from S-Band Radar
Authors: Davison Jennifer L. , Rauber Robert M. , Di Girolamo Larry
Published: May 2013

Persistent layers of enhanced equivalent radar reflectivity factor and reduced spectral width were commonly observed within cloud-free regions of the tropical marine boundary layer (TMBL) with the National Center for Atmospheric Research S-Pol radar during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign. Bragg scattering is shown to be the primary source of these layers. Two mechanisms are proposed to explain the Bragg scattering layers (BSLs), the first involving turbulent mixing and the second involving detrainment and evaporation of cloudy air. These mechanisms imply that BSLs should exist in layers with tops (bases) defined by local relative humidity (RH) minima (maxima). The relationship between BSLs and RH is explored.

An equation for the vertical gradient of radio refractivity N is derived, and a scale analysis is used to demonstrate the close relationship between vertical RH and N gradients. This is tested using the derived radar BSL boundary altitudes, 131 surface-based soundings, and 34 sets of about six near-coincident, aircraft-released dropsondes. First, dropsonde data are used to quantify the finescale variability of the RH field. Then, within limits imposed by this variability, altitudes of tops (bases) of radar BSLs are shown to agree with altitudes of RH minima (maxima). These findings imply that S-band radars can be used to track the vertical profile of RH variations as a function of time and height, that the vertical RH profile of the TMBL is highly variable over horizontal scales as small as 60 km, and that BSLs are a persistent, coherent feature that delineate aspects of TMBL mesoscale structure.
Parameterization of Surface Roughness Based on ICESat/GLAS Full Waveforms: A Case Study on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Shi Junchao , Menenti Massimo , Lindenbergh Roderik
Published: May 2013

Glaciers in the Tibetan mountains are expected to be sensitive to turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes. One of the most significant factors of the energy exchange between the atmospheric boundary layer and the glacier is the roughness of the glacier surface. However, methods to parameterize this roughness for glacier surfaces in remote regions are not well known. In this paper, the authors use the data acquired by Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)/Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) laser altimetry from February 2003 to November 2004 along several tracks over glaciers of the Nyainqêntanglha range in central Tibet. The authors make a study of the waveforms measured by the ICESat/GLAS laser system over mountainous and glacial areas. The surface characteristics are evaluated within laser footprints over the glacier outlines based on the glaciological inventory of the Tibetan Plateau constructed by the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CAREERI), Chinese Academy of Sciences. For this purpose, the authors extract waveform parameters: the waveform width, the number of modes, and the RMS width of the waveform. These parameters are compared with surface slope and roughness obtained from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radar (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM). Through this analysis, the impact of morphology on the returned laser waveform is shown for the Nyainqêntanglha range. The roughness and the slope of the surface can be quite significant and may contribute from several meters to tens of meters to the pulse extent. The waveform analysis results indicate that the received waveforms are capable representations of surface relief within the GLAS footprints.
To act out, to withdraw, or to constructively resist? Employee reactions to supervisor abuse of customers and the moderating role of employee moral identity
Authors: Greenbaum Rebecca L , Mawritz Mary Bardes , Mayer David M , Priesemuth Manuela
Published: May 2013

We extend the deontic model of justice (Folger, 1998, 2001) by arguing that not all employees respond to third-party injustices by experiencing an eye-for-an-eye retributive response; rather, some employees respond in ways that are higher in moral acceptance (e.g. increasing turnover intentions, engaging in constructive resistance). We predict that the positive relationship between supervisor abuse of customers and organizational deviance is weaker when employees are high in moral identity. In contrast, we hypothesize that the relationships between supervisor abuse of customers and turnover intentions and constructive resistance are more strongly positive when employees are high in moral identity. Regression results from two field studies ( N = 222 and N = 199, respectively) provide general support for our theoretical model.
Organizational justice: New insights from behavioural ethics
Authors: Crawshaw Jonathan R , Cropanzano Russell , Bell Chris M , Nadisic Thierry
Published: May 2013

Both organizational justice and behavioural ethics are concerned with questions of ‘right and wrong’ in the context of work organizations. Until recently they have developed largely independently of each other, choosing to focus on subtly different concerns, constructs and research questions. The last few years have, however, witnessed a significant growth in theoretical and empirical research integrating these closely related academic specialities. We review the organizational justice literature, illustrating the impact of behavioural ethics research on important fairness questions. We argue that organizational justice research is focused on four reoccurring issues: (i) why justice at work matters to individuals; (ii) how justice judgements are formed; (iii) the consequences of injustice; and (iv) the factors antecedent to justice perceptions. Current and future justice research has begun and will continue borrowing from the behavioural ethics literature in answering these questions.
The two faces of American religious exceptionalism: Religiosity and dogmatism in the USA and Europe in 2007
Authors: Meulemann Heiner
Published: May 2013

American religious exceptionalism is investigated by comparing the US sample with the seven western European samples from the Bertelsmann Religionsmonitor 2007. Three customary aspects of religiosity, namely religious worldviews, church practices, and non-church practices, and one new aspect, dogmatism, are investigated. Two questions are examined. First, does American religious exceptionalism have two faces – i.e. is it not only American levels of religious belief and practice that surpass those of Europe, but also those of religious dogmatism? Second, does dogmatism correlate positively with religiosity in the USA and negatively in Europe? Both questions are examined with and without controls for religious affiliation and religious need dispositions. In short, the answer to both questions is ‘yes’ – America does exhibit exceptional traits when compared with western European religiosity and dogmatism.
Danish State policy on the teaching of religion from 1900 to 2007
Authors: Reeh Niels
Published: May 2013

The author presents an analysis of the political decision making process regarding the teaching of religion in Denmark from 1900 until 2007. The author uses Norbert Elias’s concept of the survival unit as the analytical framework of the study. Instead of a classic secularization narrative in which the secular and religious spheres of society are differentiated into separate realms as the process of modernization unfolds, a different narrative emerges in which the State has used the teaching of religion as an instrument to further its vital interests, especially with regard to its international relations.
Présence évangélique au Liban, enjeux socio-politiques et culturels d’un engagement multiforme
Authors: Kaouès Fatiha
Published: May 2013

Fatiha Kaouès focuses on evangelical activities in Lebanon, where religious communities are the foundation of public order rather than the State and each denomination has its own social and economic network. This raises the question as to the definition of citizenship and the construction of social ties in the context of a strong religious communitarianism and a weak state. This paper considers a few development projects supported by evangelical movements and the various frameworks, limits and challenges of their activities in Lebanon.
Labor Republicanism and the Transformation of Work
Authors: Gourevitch Alex
Published: May 2013

In the nineteenth century a group of “labor republicans” argued that the system of wage-labor should be replaced by a system of cooperative production. This system of cooperative production would realize republican liberty in economic, not just political, life. Today, neo-republicans argue that the republican theory of liberty only requires a universal basic income. A non-dominated ability to exit is sufficient to guarantee free labor. This essay reconstructs the more radical, labor republican view and defends it against the prevailing the neo-republican one. It argues that neorepublicanism lacks an adequate conception of structural domination, which leaves it without theoretical resources to address certain forms of economic domination. The concept of structural domination allows us to comprehend the coherence of the nineteenth century, labor republican view and identify its relevance to modern labor markets. Labor republicanism takes us beyond a universal basic income to a concern with control over productive assets and workplace organization. As such, it shows us how the republican theory of liberty can support an argument for the transformation of work, not just the escape from it.
Psych Lite
Authors: Jackson Sherri L. , Griggs Richard A.
Published: May 2013

Introductory psychology textbooks have been criticized for being too long and too expensive. A national survey of introductory teachers found that 89% of introductory courses are only one term in length and that teachers could only cover 68% of a text’s topics. This situation has been made more problematic by the soaring prices of introductory texts, leading many students to not purchase them. However, a class of more concise, less expensive introductory textbooks has recently emerged. We provide an objective analysis of these concise texts, along with a comparison to previous similar analyses of full-length and brief introductory texts. For introductory teachers interested in adopting a concise text, these data will be helpful in the text evaluation and selection process.
Enhancing Table Interpretation Skills via Training in Table Creation
Authors: Karazsia Bryan T.
Published: May 2013

Quantitative and statistical literacy are core domains in the undergraduate psychology curriculum. An important component of such literacy includes interpretation of visual aids, such as tables containing results from statistical analyses. This article presents a new technique for enhancing student interpretation of American Psychological Association-formatted tables. Undergraduate students exposed to the technique performed better than students not exposed on a measure of table interpretation. An active learning experience in which students learn how to create tables can enhance student ability to interpret tables presented in empirical psychological literature.
Variable-Length Computerized Adaptive Testing Based on Cognitive Diagnosis Models
Authors: Hsu Chia-Ling , Wang Wen-Chung , Chen Shu-Ying
Published: May 2013

Interest in developing computerized adaptive testing (CAT) under cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) has increased recently. CAT algorithms that use a fixed-length termination rule frequently lead to different degrees of measurement precision for different examinees. Fixed precision, in which the examinees receive the same degree of measurement precision, is a major advantage of CAT over nonadaptive testing. In addition to the precision issue, test security is another important issue in practical CAT programs. In this study, the authors implemented two termination criteria for the fixed-precision rule and evaluated their performance under two popular CDMs using simulations. The results showed that using the two criteria with the posterior-weighted Kullback–Leibler information procedure for selecting items could achieve the prespecified measurement precision. A control procedure was developed to control item exposure and test overlap simultaneously among examinees. The simulation results indicated that in contrast to no method of controlling exposure, the control procedure developed in this study could maintain item exposure and test overlap at the prespecified level at the expense of only a few more items.
Generalizing the Findings From Group Dynamics–Based Physical Activity Research to Practice Settings
Authors: Harden Samantha M. , Burke Shauna M. , Haile Amanda M. , Estabrooks Paul A.
Published: May 2013

The general purpose of this secondary analysis of a prior systematic review was to determine the degree to which group dynamics–based physical activity interventions align with research processes and outcomes that are more likely to facilitate the translation of research into practice. To accomplish this, a systematic search was conducted within Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Arts and Humanities Citation Index, and MEDLINE databases to identify articles published prior to 2010 that used at least one group dynamics–based strategy (e.g., group interaction, group goal setting) in physical activity promotion. These 17 intervention studies were identified and coded based on the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance framework and Pragmatic–Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (for trial design characteristics). Reporting was infrequent for external validity factors (i.e., representativeness, adoption, cost, maintenance) but more frequent for internal validity factors (e.g., inclusion criteria). Intervention costs were not reported. Studies were more likely to be pragmatic (i.e., designed to determine the effects of an intervention under the usual conditions in which it will be applied) in areas of participant compliance and practitioner adherence and explanatory (i.e., designed to determine the effects of an intervention under ideal conditions) and in areas of practitioner expertise and flexibility of intervention protocol. While a number of these interventions were tested in more pragmatic settings, external validity factors were still underreported.
Young Chinese children’s anger and distress
Authors: He Jie , Qiu Peihua , Park Ka Young , Xu Qinmei , Potegal Michael
Published: May 2013

A hierarchical cluster analysis of the time course of the videotaped reactions of 75 Chinese 2–4-year olds to mothers’ toy-removal identified Distress, Low Anger, and High Anger behavior clusters. Anger often begins at low intensity; some children then escalate. The face-validity of Low and High Anger-cluster classifications was supported in that High Anger was displayed by a subset of the children who had first showed Low Anger. The three clusters had different and interpretable correlations with mothers’ temperament ratings. Developmentally, 2-year-olds displayed more Distress, including crying; 3-year-olds showed more Low Anger, including stamp-jump. While Low Anger is predominant during toy-removal in Chinese children, it is, contrastingly, the least-frequent component in the tantrums of North American children.
A New Path to Grandparenthood
Authors: Beeson Diane , Jennings Patricia , Kramer Wendy
Published: May 2013

Assisted reproductive technologies have engendered new familial arrangements, some of which challenge traditional assumptions about the relationship between biology and social roles. In this article, we report on the first survey ever conducted of parents of former egg and sperm donors. Twenty-two men and women participated in a survey conducted by the Donor Sibling Registry, a worldwide registry facilitating mutual-consent contact among donor offspring, their gamete donors, and other family members. We report on their feelings and thoughts on learning that their child donated gametes and on learning that they have a grandchild (or grandchildren) via gamete donation. We also examine what type of relationship, if any, participants have formed with their donor-conceived grandchildren, as well as their advice to other parents of donors. We conclude with questions and suggestions for future research into this newly emerging terrain of family relations.