bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral nerve injury therapeutics, including electrical stimulation, stem cell treatments, and synthetic neural scaffolds, have shown promising preclinical and even clinical results with potential regenerative treatment
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

In the U.S., peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) harm about 22 million people. The most frequent causes and types of PNI vary by demography (civilians vs. military, geography/country). After crush injuries, functional recovery is better than after transections, and better after distal injuries than proximal ones. Despite advancements in microsurgical treatments, severe PNIs remain connected to slow recovery. This review highlights new peripheral nerve regeneration approaches (e.g. electrical stimulation, cell therapies), which may lead to a shift in PNI therapeutic paradigms in conjunction with neurotrophic agents and breakthroughs in bioscaffold engineering. It also examines how synthetic neural scaffolds can aid with peripheral nerve recovery, as well as the next generation of biomimetic neural scaffolding that can aid in tissue regeneration. Neurotrophic factor-enriched neural scaffolds, stem cell treatments, and electrical stimulation have shown promising preclinical and even clinical results. The future of peripheral nerve regeneration is bright, since a combination of the aforementioned treatments may have a synergistic impact on nerve regeneration and functional recovery in patients with PNI. Stem cell technology is improving and evolving, and it has been explored through a number of methods in preclinical research for peripheral nerve regeneration. Electrical stimulation is another interesting potential treatment for PNI that may be used to stimulate axon regeneration.
BOOK REVIEW: MILLENNIAL NATIONALISM: IS IT A DISRUPTION? (NASIONALISME ALA MILENIAL: SEBUAH DISRUPSI?)
Authors: Besariani Kendra Camilla , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

A book entitled Nasionalisme ala Milenial: Sebuah Disrupsi? This was written as an attempt to answer aquestion of one of the authors. According to her, Indonesia is currently in a transition period that can bedescribed in three ways: politics to become more free and open, the population of the younger generationhas reached its peak, and the existence of digital technology, which is developing so rapidly. The authors'purpose by writing this is to assist readers, especially the younger generation, in placing themselves in aspace for a free, open, and creative future for Indonesia. That way, the millennial generation can embark ona journey to find Indonesia in the future according to their needs and perspectives as a new generation ofIndonesian leaders. This book was written for various circles of society, but it is more aimed at the millennialgeneration. In Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, the millennial generation will face challenges that are not easybecause the rapid development of information technology forces them to be adaptable, critical, observative,flexible, and visionary to survive in global nial competition. Therefore, it is recommended for millennials toread Nasionalisme Ala Milenial: Sebuah Disrupsi book because the chapters contained in it can inspiremillennials to contribute to the country's welfare. This book includes 12 articles that can be grouped into fivetopics, namely defining millennial youth; establishment of millennial identity; expressions of millennialnationalism; education, youth, and the language of the millennial generation, and millennial citizenship.While reading this, we will understand the descriptions of the writers' intelligence, hopes, and anxieties aboutthe future of Indonesia.
MICRO AND SMALL BUSSINESS IN INDONESIA DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Hermawan Alldo
Published: June 2021

Catatan terkait Micro and small bussiness in indonesia digital economy
New technologies to improve CAR T cell generation and biomanufacturing will lead to safer, more therapeutically effective cells
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Clinical trials, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for a range of terminal tumors, are now ongoing in several locations across the world, and the commercialization of some of these therapies is likely to begin in the near future. Because of the FDA's approval of CD19-directed CAR T cells for the treatment of relapsed/refractory ALL and DLBCL, a multibillion-dollar industry of potentially curative cell-based immunotherapies has sprung up around the treatment of cancer. Although these successes have been achieved, CAR T cell efficacy in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cancers is frequently hampered by low therapeutic levels of CAR T cell expansion, a lack of long-term persistence of these cells, failure to achieve deep molecular remissions (defined as incomplete elimination of minimal residual disease), and decreased anti-tumor function/survival in the patient. There is no doubt that the application of several new technologies aimed at improving CAR T cell development and biomanufacturing that are successful in increasing anti-tumor potency, preventing resistance, mitigating severe adverse events, and lowering financial toxicity will result in safer, more clinically effective CAR T cells that are more affordable and therefore more widely available. In the end, careful management of CAR T cell centers on an individual site basis, anticipating regulatory challenges, and coordinating manufacturing techniques will all contribute to the faster integration of these medications into standard cancer treatment.
Gene therapy using MnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Due to its unique tumor microenvironment (TME)-sensitive breakdown, O2 generation, and GSH depletion, the MnO2-based nanostructure has been widely used as an efficiently enhanced therapeutic medication to inhibit tumor development or even eradicate tumor tissue. From controllable manufacturing of MnO2 nanobuilding blocks to targeting tumor accumulation, working mechanisms to enhance therapeutic efficacy, and necessary considerations for building all-in-one nanoplatforms, this review systematically summarized strategies for designing all-in-one MnO2-based nanoplatforms for accurate and synergistic therapy. MnO2-based nanostructures are a promising functional nanocarrier to construct all-in-one nanoplatforms due to their controlled size and shape, high specific area and low production costs. Large-scale production and monodispersing in various cultural media are the current primary barriers to future biomedical usage. This review addresses techniques to create MnO2 nanoparticles for accurate, synergistic treatment. Clinical studies may leverage the all-in-one nanoplatform to boost treatment performance. Some significant problems need to be resolved before it can be utilized for clinical studies. Material manufacturing, reproducible preparation, and maintaining blood circulation function are still a challenge. Following intravenous injection, accurate monitoring of material dispersion in live beings and assessing the biological long-term consequences of materials on organisms are major issues.
Constraining families of dynamic models using geological, geodetic and strong ground motion data: the Mw 6.5, October 30th, 2016, Norcia earthquake, Italy
Authors: Tinti Elisa , Casarotti Emanuele , Ulrich Thomas , Li Duo , Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman , Gabriel Alice-Agnes
Published: June 2021

The 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence is characterized by remarkable rupture complexity, including highly heterogeneous slip across multiple faults in an extensional tectonic regime. The dense coverage and high quality of geodetic and seismic data allow to image intriguing details of the rupture kinematics of the largest earthquake of the sequence, the Mw 6.5 October 30th, 2016 Norcia earthquake, such as an energetically weak nucleation phase. Several kinematic models suggest multiple fault planes rupturing simultaneously, however, the mechanical viability of such models is not guaranteed.Using 3D dynamic rupture and seismic wave propagation simulations accounting for two fault planes, we constrain 'families' of spontaneous dynamic models informed by a high-resolution kinematic rupture model of the earthquake. These families differ in their parameterization of initial heterogeneous shear stress and strength in the framework of linear slip weakening friction.First, we dynamically validate the kinematically inferred two-fault geometry and rake inferences with models based on only depth-dependent stress and constant friction coefficients. Then, more complex models with spatially heterogeneous dynamic parameters allow us to retrieve slip distributions similar to the target kinematic model and yield good agreement with seismic and geodetic observations. We discuss the consistency of the assumed constant or heterogeneous static and dynamic friction coefficients with mechanical properties of rocks at 3-10 km depth characterizing the Italian Central Apennines and their local geological and lithological implications. We suggest that suites of well-fitting dynamic rupture models belonging to the same family generally exist and can be derived by exploiting the trade-offs between dynamic parameters.Our approach will be applicable to validate the viability of kinematic models and classify spontaneous dynamic rupture scenarios that match seismic and geodetic observations at the same time as geological constraints.
Atrial Fibrillation Patient’s Treatment Experience: A Qualitative Analysis of Rivaroxaban and Warfarin
Authors: Sly Dan , Husted Margaret , McKeague Lynn , Everington Tamara
Published: June 2021

Objectives: In the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), anticoagulant medications such as warfarin and rivaroxaban are commonly prescribed to help reduce the risk of ischaemic strokes, and other thromboembolic events. Previous research has highlighted various advantages and disadvantages of each of these medications, but there remains an absence of qualitative evidence regarding the lived experiences of AF patients. The present study aims to address this gap and obtain a greater understanding of the patient experience and beliefs surrounding their selected anticoagulant medication. Design: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of 20 participants (10 warfarin, 10 rivaroxaban). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Results: Data analysis led to the generation of three key themes: positive perceptions of medication, distrust of alternatives, and inconsistencies in support experiences.Conclusions: Positive perceptions of one anticoagulant medication (ACM) and distrust of alternatives may influence patients’ confidence in switching medications. This is potentially problematic where there is a lack of patient engagement in medication changes. Gaps in patient understanding of anticoagulation, including lack of clarity around medications selection, and misconceptions about treatment, were evident. By addressing these misconceptions, clinicians may be better positioned to support people with AF in self-management of their ACM.
Using the Weighted Kendall Distance to Analyze Rank Data in Psychology
Authors: van Doorn Johnny , Lee Michael David , Westfall Holly
Published: June 2021

Although the Kendall distance is a standard metric in computer science, it is less widely used in psychology. We demonstrate the usefulness of the Kendall distance for analyzing psychological data that take the form of ranks, lists, or orders of items. We focus on weighted extensions of the metric that allow for heterogeneity of item importance, item position, and item similarity, as well showing how the metric can accommodate missingness in the form of top-k lists. To demonstrate how the Kendall distance can help address research questions in psychology, we present four applications to previous data. These applications involve the recall of events on September 11, people's preference rankings for the months of the year, people's free recall of animal names in a clinical setting, and expert predictions involving American football outcomes.
COVID-19-related changes in adolescents' daily-life social interactions and psychopathology symptoms
Authors: Achterhof Robin , Myin-Germeys Inez , Bamps Eva , Hagemann Noëmi , Hermans Karlijn Susanna Francisca Maria , Hiekkaranta Anu Pauliina , Janssens Julie , Lecei Aleksandra , Lafit Ginette , Kirtley Olivia J
Published: June 2021

Early findings on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents, suggest that – despite being at the lowest physical health risk – both their mental health and day-to-day social lives are strongly affected. In this longitudinal study, we assessed changes in adolescent psychopathology symptoms, the quality and quantity of daily-life social interactions, and the relationship between social interactions and psychopathology symptoms before and during the pandemic.A sample of n=173 Flemish adolescents (mean age=16.0 at latest measurement; 89% girls) from the SIGMA cohort was tested between January 2018 - June 2019; and between April 27th - May 10th 2020. Subclinical psychopathology was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory-53; daily social interactions were assessed in six-day experience sampling periods with ten daily questionnaires.Multilevel linear and logistic regression analyses indicated lower general psychopathology and anxiety symptoms, beyond age effects; fewer face-to-face social interactions, more online social interactions; and higher-quality face-to-face interactions during the pandemic than before. Negative associations between psychopathology and the quality of face-to-face peer and family interactions were stronger during the pandemic than pre-pandemic.The observed decrease and stability in psychopathology symptoms is surprising and potentially reflects resilience. Although digital communication may buffer much of the quarantine-induced distress, the current results imply that high-quality face-to-face interactions with family and peers may have been more powerful in keeping adolescents resilient. As restrictions are lifted and adolescents’ daily lives and social worlds change, it is crucial to learn more about the longer-term effects of the experienced social deprivation.
An academic survey on theoretical foundations, common assumptions and the current state of consciousness science
Authors: Francken Jolien , Beerendonk Lola , Molenaar Dylan , Fahrenfort Johannes Jacobus , Kiverstein Julian , Seth Anil , van Gaal Simon
Published: June 2021

We report the results of an academic survey into the theoretical and methodological foundations, common assumptions, and the current state of the field of consciousness research. The survey consisted of 22 questions and was distributed on two different occasions of the annual meeting of the Association of the Scientific Study of Consciousness (ASSC, 2018 and 2019). We examined responses from 166 consciousness researchers with different backgrounds (e.g., philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, computer science) and at various stages of their careers (e.g., junior/senior faculty, graduate/undergraduate students). The results reveal that there remains considerable discussion and debate between the surveyed researchers about the definition of consciousness and the way it should be studied. To highlight a few observations, a majority of respondents believe that machines could have consciousness, that consciousness is a gradual phenomenon in the animal kingdom and that unconscious processing is extensive, encompassing both low-level as well as high-level cognitive functions. Further, we show which theories of consciousness are currently considered most promising by respondents and how supposedly different theories cluster together, which dependent measures are considered best to index the presence or absence of consciousness, and which neural measures are thought to be the most likely signatures of consciousness. These findings provide us with a snapshot of the current views of researchers in the field and may therefore help prioritise research and theoretical approaches to foster progress.
A unified psychological space for human perception of physical and social events
Authors: Shu Tianmin , Peng Yujia , Zhu Song-Chun , Lu Hongjing
Published: June 2021

One of the great feats of human perception is the generation of quick impressions of both physical and social events based on sparse displays of motion trajectories. Here we aim to provide a unified theory that captures the interconnections between perception of physical and social events. A simulation-based approach is used to generate a variety of animations depicting rich behavioral patterns. Human experiments used these animations to reveal that perception of dynamic stimuli undergoes a gradual transition from physical to social events. A learning-based computational framework is proposed to account for human judgments. The model learns to identify latent forces by inferring a family of potential functions capturing physical laws, and value functions describing the goals of agents. The model projects new animations into a sociophysical space with two psychological dimensions: an intuitive sense of whether physical laws are violated, and an impression of whether an agent possesses intentions to perform goal-directed actions. This derived sociophysical space predicts a meaningful partition between physical and social events, as well as a gradual transition from physical to social perception. The space also predicts human judgments of whether individual objects are lifeless objects in motion, or human agents performing goal-directed actions. These results demonstrate that a theoretical unification based on physical potential functions and goal-related values can account for the human ability to form an immediate impression of physical and social events. This ability provides an important pathway from perception to higher cognition.
Seeing Depth with One Eye and Pictorial Space
Authors: Linton Paul
Published: June 2021

In my second post I questioned whether the integration of pictorial cues and binocular disparity occurs at the level of perception. In this third post, I push the argument further by questioning whether pictorial cues contribute to 3D vision at all.
Childhood trauma as a mediator of the association between autistic traits and psychotic experiences: evidence from the ALSPAC birth cohort
Authors: Dardani Christina , Schalbroeck Rik , Jones Hannah , Strelchuk Daniela , Hammerton Gemma , Croft Jazz , Madley-Dowd Paul , Sullivan Sarah , Zammit Stanley , Selten Jean-Paul , Rai Dheeraj
Published: June 2021

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that autistic traits are associated with psychotic experiences. However, the mechanisms underlying such associations are still unknown. In this longitudinal birth cohort study, we examine the relationship between childhood autistic traits and psychotic experiences in adolescence and young adulthood, and the influence of childhood trauma on this association.Methods: We analysed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. We used four dichotomized measures of autistic traits (social communication difficulties at age 7, repetitive behaviour at age 5, sociability at age 3, and pragmatic language at age 9). Psychotic experiences were assessed at ages 18 and 24 using the semi-structured Psychosis-Like Symptoms interview. Traumatic experiences between ages 5 to 11 were assessed with questionnaires and interviews administered to children and parents.Results: The maximum sample with complete data was 3410 for the autistic traits-psychotic experiences analyses and 3327 for the mediation analyses. The corresponding maximum sample sizes for the imputed data analysis were 10,053 and 8121, respectively. Social communication difficulties were associated with psychotic experiences (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.02), including those that were distressing and/or frequent (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.02–2.52). Childhood trauma mediated approximately 40% of this association. Other autistic traits showed no consistent relationship with psychotic experiences. Results were similar when we adjusted for schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS).Discussion: Childhood social communication difficulties are associated with psychotic experiences by age 24. This association does not appear to be explained by genetic risk as captured by current schizophrenia PRS. The experience of trauma may be an important, potentially modifiable pathway between autistic features and later onset of psychotic psychopathology where interventions could be targeted.
Visualization, formulation and intuitive explanation of iterative methods for transient analysis of series RLC circuit
Authors: Kafle Jeevan , Thakur Bhogendra Kumar , Bhandari Indra Bahadur
Published: June 2021

The time varying currents and voltages resulting from the sudden application of sources usually due to switching are transients. An RLC circuit is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor, connected in series or in parallel. The transient response is dependent on the value of the different characteristics of damping factor (i.e., over damped, critically damped and under damped). We have computed the numerical solutions of second order differential equation with initial value problem (IVP) by using Explicit (Forward) Euler method, Third order Runge-Kutta (RK3) methods and Butchers fifth order Runge-Kutta (BRK5). The observation compares this numerical solution of ODEs obtained by above-mentioned methods among them with necessary visualization and analysis of the error. These iterative methods will be extended and implement to analyze the transient analysis of an RLC circuit.  We have examined the superiority of those methods over one another. The Butchers fifth order Runge-Kutta (BRK5) method is found to be the best numerical technique to solve the transient analysis due to its high accuracy of approximations. Moreover, we consider the possibility of discussion and analyze above mentioned iterative methods in the cases of different characteristics of damping factor.

BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 9-17
Electronic and magnetic properties of defected MoS2 monolayer
Authors: Neupane Hari Krishna , Adhikari Narayan Prasad
Published: June 2021

It is interesting to understand the effect of defects in 2D materials because vacancy defects in 2D materials have novel electronic and magnetic properties. In this work, we studied electronic and magnetic properties of 1S vacancy defect (1Sv-MoS2), 2S vacancy defects (2Sv-MoS2), 1Mo vacancy defect (Mov-MoS2), and (1Mo & 1S) vacancy defects ((Mo-S)v-MoS2) in 2D MoS2 material by first-principles calculations within spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) method. To understand the electronic properties of materials, we have analyzed band structures and DOS calculations and found that 1Sv-MoS2 & 2Sv-MoS2 materials have semiconducting nature. This is because, 1Sv-MoS2 & 2Sv-MoS2 materials open a small energy band gap of values 0.68 eV & 0.54 eV respectively in band structures. But, in Mov-MoS2 & (Mo-S)v-MoS2 materials, energy bands around the Fermi level mix with the orbital’s of Mo and S atoms. As a result, bands are split and raised around and above the Fermi energy level. Therefore, Mov-MoS2 & (Mo-S)v-MoS2 materials have metallic nature. We found that MoS2, 1Sv-MoS2 & 2Sv-MoS2 materials have non-magnetic properties, and Mov-MoS2 & (Mo-S)v-MoS2 materials have magnetic properties because magnetic moment of MoS2, 1Sv-MoS2 & 2Sv-MoS2 materials have 0.00 µB/cell value and Mov-MoS2 & (Mo-S)v-MoS2 materials have 2.72 µB/cell & 0.99 µB/cell  respectively. Therefore, non-magnetic MoS2 changes to magnetic Mov-MoS2 & (Mo-S)v-MoS2 materials due to Mo and (1Mo & 1S) vacancy defects.  The magnetic moment obtained in Mov-MoS2 & (Mo-S)v-MoS2 materials due to the distribution of up and down spins in 4p, 4d & 5s orbitals of  Mo atoms and 3s & 3p orbitals of S atoms in structures. The significant values of the magnetic moment are given by distributed spins in 4d orbital of Mo atoms and 3p orbital of S atoms.

BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 68-79
Postgraduate medical education: The history and development of competency-based training program in Nepal
Authors: Shah Jay Narayan , Shah Jenifei , Shah Jesifei , Shrestha Ashis , Pradhan Nabees Man Singh
Published: June 2021

Nepal is a small, lower-middle-income country; with a population of around 30 million. As per WHO, Nepal has a low doctor-patient ratio (0.7/1000) and even lower specialists (e.g., surgical) workforce (0.003/1000); additionally, data from Nepal Medical Council show the number of postgraduate specialists is 1/3rd of the total registered doctors. The mismatch in the doctor-patient ratio is further aggravated by the overwhelming number of doctors in urban areas; when 80% of the population are in rural Nepal. This inequitable discrepancy in the healthcare system requires: proper training of competent medical graduates, a fair distribution across the country, and effective changes in the healthcare system. Competency-based medical education plays an important role in: standardizing education, training competent doctors, and deploying them where they are needed the most. The Government of Nepal has recently established Medical Education Commission-which plans to oversee the entrance exams; and expand the postgraduate training to be conducted by private hospitals, previously not affiliated with any medical colleges or universities.

Historically, Civil Medical School started training compounders and dressers in Nepal in 1934. A big milestone was achieved with the establishment of the Institute of Medicine under Tribhuvan University in 1972, which has continued to train all categories of health manpower needed in the country. In 2006 Nepal Medical Council developed “Regulations for Post-graduate Medical education”. Thereafter, several institutions started providing postgraduate training, for example: the BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu University, National Academy of Medical Sciences, and Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS). The PAHS conducts PG programs and post-PG fellowships in line with competency-based medical education. In addition to formative assessments, research thesis, and a publishable article; PAHS requires its trainees to be certified in a pre-set of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) and to master eight Core Competencies domains in: Professionalism, Patient-centered care, Procedural skills, Clinical Reasoning, Communication, Scholarship, Leadership, Community orientation.

The number of medical colleges in Nepal has since expanded to 24  (medical 21 and dental colleges 3). Private medical colleges make up about 3/4th of the total medical colleges in Nepal. This makes the inclusion and regulation of more components of the competency-based curriculum in postgraduate training programs, and its monitoring,  somewhat of a challenge.
Prevalence and outcomes of unscheduled revisits within 72 hours of discharge from emergency department
Authors: Maharjan Rony , Joshi Arabind , Thapa Ganesh
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Emergency Department (ED) revisit shortly after discharge not only increases the workload but also impacts healthcare cost and quality of patient care. The main aim of this study was to determine the rates, causes, and outcome of revisits within 72 h of ED.

Method: A cross-sectional study over six months was carried out in the ED of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Science (PAHS). All patients who revisited an ED within 72 h of the initial visit were included. Variables studied were age-group, gender, chief complaints, diagnosis of initial and revisit. Study was ethically approved by the Institutional Review Committee of PAHS. Data were analyzed descriptively using MS Excel and SPSSversion20.

Result: Out of 23,879 cases, 280(1.2%) revisited the ED within 72 h. Fever was the most common symptom accounting for 109(38.9%) patients of total revisit cases. In 190(67.9%) patients, the main reason for the visit was due to the symptoms not getting better. Around two-third i.e. 177(63.2%) of revisits were discharged and 103(36.8%) were admitted. Maximum revisits were found to be done among the 20-59y age group.

Conclusion: The main reason for the revisit to ED was due to the persistence of the previous symptoms.
Comparison of ultrasound and Contrast- enhanced computed tomography in clinically diagnosed cases of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Jaiswal Pooja , Shrestha Shreejana , Dwa Yogita
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute, mainly diffuse, inflammatory process of the pancreas with dynamic imaging characteristics and a multitude of possible complications. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of AP. As most of the AP cases are gallstone-related, ultrasound (USG) is the most common initial radiologic investigation of choice. Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) is the standard technique for overall assessment of AP and its complications. This study aims to compare diagnostic accuracy of imaging findings of USG with CECT.

Method: This was a retrospective review of imaging findings of USG and CECT in clinically diagnosed cases of AP who visited Radiology Department of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal during 2015 to 2019 and had undergone USG and CECT. The diagnostic accuracy of USG and CECT imaging findings were compared. Study was approved ethically.

Result: Among 210 clinically diagnosed cases of acute pancreatitis, USG accurately diagnosed 97(46.2%), CECT 180(85.7%). Both the modalities detected cholelithiasis in 17% of the cases. Out of 97 cases, 85 showed focal or diffuse enlargement of pancreas on USG.

Conclusion: The CECT showed higher diagnostic accuracy for acute pancreatitis as compared to ultrasound, 85.7% vs. 46.2%. The overall visualization of the imaging features of AP and its complications was better by CECT than by USG.
Knowledge and awareness of food safety among middle school students in Tripoli, Libya
Authors: Abuhlega Thuraya Ahmed , Greesh Malak Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

Introduction: To protect public health in society, it is imperative to promote good food safety practices by raising awareness and knowledge, especially among school students. This study aimed to assess the food safety knowledge and practices among middle school students in Tripoli, Libya.

Methods: The study was conducted through a questionnaire to find out the level of food safety knowledge and practices among randomly selected students from several municipalities in Tripoli city, Libya, from May to November 2019. Approval from the director of the Basic Education Administration was taken. Data were analyzed to determine the association of demographics and the level of knowledge and practices, the correlation between knowledge and practice scores. The data analysis was performed by SPSS. A Chi-square test was used to find out the association. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: There was a total of 591 students surveyed. A good level of food safety knowledge was found in 325(55%) and the level of food safety practices was high in 558(94.4%). Only 102(17.3%) of the students always washed their hands before eating in school. There was a significant association (p<0.05) between gender and municipality with the knowledge scores.

conclusion: The level of food safety practices was high but only half of the middle school students surveyed had a good level of knowledge.
PENDAMPINGAN UMKM KWT SUKA MAJU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI DAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DUSUN PALIHAN
Authors: Heriyanto Heriyanto , Fauziah Yuli , Irawati Dyah Ayu
Published: June 2021

The SUKAMAJU Women's Farmer Group (KWT) is a group of women craftsmen of banana tree processing. During the Covid-19 pandemic, sales and marketing of processed banana food were very limited. Online marketing in times of the Covid-19 pandemic is urgently needed and requires support. Community service from UPN Veteran Yogyakarta, in this case, is programmed to help solve problems during the pandemic. Marketing through the internet and social media is very much needed, while the ability of mothers to master social media and the internet is very limited. The service team from UPN Veteran Yogyakarta is trying to help with solutions going into the field to help provide full assistance and also assistance for production equipment so that food processing craftsmen maintain production in KWT. The hope of the community service team is that there will be an increase in sales results by providing full assistance in both marketing media and increasing production equipment with an average increase of 8-9 pieces per day.
PELATIHAN MEMBUAT VPN MENGGUNAKAN LAYANAN CLOUD COMPUTING SMK MA’ARIF NU 1 KEMBARAN, BANYUMAS
Authors: Priyanto Agus , Adam Ipam Fuadina
Published: June 2021

Cloud computing is a technology that has powerful computing resources that can be applied to many organizations by using dynamic scalability as a virtual service source via the internet. SMK Ma'arif NU 1 Kembaran has a 2013 TKJ curriculum. The curriculum has topics such as Computer Assembly, Network Operating Systems and Server Administration. In the subject of Network Operating Systems, there is no subject that discusses cloud computing technology. This technology will have an impact on the average score of students before training to make VPN with cloud computing, namely 83, 12 and after training to 89.06 so that there is a descriptive increase. The hypothesis used is a two-way hypothesis so that it uses two tails with the result t table that is 2.039513 with a p value of 0.01249. Because the p value is smaller than alpha 5% or by looking at the value | t count | > t table then Ho is rejected. This means that there is a significant difference in the level of understanding of students before and after training to make VPN with cloud computing.Cloud computing is a technology that has powerful computing resources that can be applied to many organizations by using dynamic scalability as a virtual service source via the internet. SMK Ma'arif NU 1 Kembaran has a 2013 TKJ curriculum. The curriculum has topics such as Computer Assembly, Network Operating Systems and Server Administration. In the subject of Network Operating Systems, there is no subject that discusses cloud computing technology. This technology will have an impact on the average score of students before training to make VPN with cloud computing, namely 83, 12 and after training to 89.06 so that there is a descriptive increase. The hypothesis used is a two-way hypothesis so that it uses two tails with the result t table that is 2.039513 with a p value of 0.01249. Because the p value is smaller than alpha 5% or by looking at the value | t count | > t table then Ho is rejected. This means that there is a significant difference in the level of understanding of students before and after training to make VPN with cloud computing.
OPTIMALISASI DIGITAL MARKETING DI MASA PANDEMI DI KELURAHAN PANEMBAHAN, KRATON, DIY
Authors: Nur Utomo Hastho Joko , Pujiastuti Eny Endah , Perwira Rifki Indra , Rustamadji Heru C.
Published: June 2021

Since the covid pandemic entered the DIY area, residents of the community of RW 13, Panembahan Village have been affected. Public opinion decreased. The community service team from UPN veteran Yogyakarta is trying to help overcome this with community empowerment programs through digital business / digital marketing. Continuously and slowly the condition of the people's income can increase again. Promotion through social media is optimized through whatssapp groups, Instagram and market places.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PEMBAYARAN UNTUK DESA WISATA TRI EKA BUANA DENGAN ONLINE PAYMENT
Authors: Sudhana I G P Fajar Pranadi , Sadguna I Gde Agus Jaya , Waisnawa I Gede Nyoman Suta , Yulianthi Ayu Dwi , Harmini A A Ayu Ngurah
Published: June 2021

Since 2019, Tri Eka Buana Village, located in Sidemen sub-district, Karangasem Bali Regency, through the Bali State Polytechnic service team has received a PPDM grant to form a tourism village with natural potential and a producer of traditional Balinese arak drinks. Various kinds of activities from the solutions offered have been implemented in the first year of 2019. including compiling a master plan for developing a tourism village, formulating a village cleanliness supervision system, carrying out socialization of tourism village spatial planning, socialization and tourism outreach, and compiling a tourism village marketing program through digital marketing . One of the activities that has been carried out is the development of the Tri Eka Buana Tourism Village website. Online transactions are increasingly in demand, even have become a trend among the wider community. Besides, it can be done anytime and anywhere without any time or distance restrictions. E-payment offers various kinds of convenience and practicality in making payments. Various kinds of payment methods can be integrated into the system making it easier for customers to make payments according to orders made. The tourism village of Tri Eka Buana Sidemen Karangasem Bali, can take advantage of this online payment system to help tourism village operations in the future. The development of this online payment system can be developed by building a tourism village website, adding ecommerce facilities to the website that has been built, registering and activating one of the payment gateway services, and integrating the Tri Eka Buana tourism village website with a payment gateway service.
LITERASI KEUANGAN BAGI PENGURUS KOPERASI AMBOY BANTUL
Authors: Fitriyani Lita Yulita
Published: June 2021

This activity was conducted at amboy bantul cooperative consisting of producers and sellers of various processed foods, especially foods made from bananas. The type of business conducted by this cooperative is a business to save loans. This cooperative is a MicroFinance Institution (LKM)Based on the observations, some of amboy bantul cooperative managers are not yet understanding financial literacy. Literacy is an individual's ability and skills in reading, writing, calculating, solving problems, processing data, conveying information and understanding information related to daily life. Initially, the board of AMBOY Bantul Cooperative did not yet understand the meaning of depreciation or depreciation of fixed assets that should be presented in the financial statements.Therefore, this activity is intended to improve the ability of AMBOY  Bantul cooperative management in understanding how to prepare the correct financial statements, especially in recognizing the burden of depreciation and accumulated depreciation of fixed assets by providing counseling and training. After the management of this cooperative participated in counseling and training, finally AMBOY Bantul cooperative managers can understand how to calculate the burden of depreciation, accumulated depreciation and presentation in financial statement.They understand that depreciation expense accounts (all cooperative fixed assets) are presented on the Remaining Business Results Report as a reduction in service income accounts. They also understand that accumulated depreciation accounts reduce the acquisition price of each fixed asset presented on the balance sheet. Some administrators of AMBOY Bantul Cooperative can finally compile cooperative financial statements in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability (ETAP)
Evaluation and Optimization of Bypassed Oil in Carbonate Reservoir at Mature Field with Integration of Saturation Log and Cement Bond Quality
Authors: Amperianto Agus , Ratnaningsih Dyah Rini , Kristanto Dedy
Published: June 2021

AA field is a unitized asset operated by Corporate Oil Company since May 2018. The main producing formation of AA field is a reef build-up carbonate reservoir. The field has been on production since 2004 with OOIP of 297 MMSTB. As of November 2019 the cumulative production was estimated 120.7 MMSTB with RF of 41%. The carbonate reservoir has properties with relatively high heterogeneity –both vertically as well as laterally – which leads to production variation of the wells. The production performance shows an estimated 30% decline and significantly increasing water-cut. The production data shows a much faster water production compared with the cumulative production, which is also the greatest challenge in the AA field.There are several key contributing factors for the water production in AA field:Water channeling behind casing due to poor cement bond. This is supported by Chan Plot analysis.Uneven production of the wells leading to varying water rise and introduces difficulty in water contact determination.Water coning due to production exceeding the critical rate.Several efforts have been performed to optimize production, namely: identification of the potential of remaining hydrocarbon (bypassed oil) in the wells by evaluating current saturation evaluation through downhole surveillance, estimation of current water contact and cement bond improvement.The preparation steps of the production optimization process are summarized below:Screening of Candidate WellsEvaluation of Cement Bond QualityWellsite Execution for Bypassed Oil EvaluationWell PreparationOptimum C/O Log to Evaluate Current Saturation and to Identify Bypassed Oil ZonesBypassed Oil Interval ProductionThis section discusses one of successful cases in the production optimization effort implemented in the AA- field.AA-12 wellThe last production of AA-12 well was 84 BOPD. Chan plot showed possibility of water channeling, which was supported by CBL result. The zone of existing perforation interval was indicated to have “free pipe” behind the casing. Remedial cementing was then performed until sufficient zonal isolation was obtained. After subsequent CBL confirmed good zonal isolation, C/O log was then performed. The C/O log result indicated several reservoir zones with potential bypassed oil. The new production interval was selected based on following consideration: So between 55-60%, height above current OWC of 185 ft (56 m), distance to the adjacent wells of 1306 ft (398 m), porosity 12-17% and Production test of the new perforation resulted in 2186 BOPD with 0% water-cut.
“La solitude ajoute à l’ardeur du désir”: Dangerous Isolation in Les Liaisons dangereuses
Authors: Ganofsky Marine
Published: June 2021

In Choderlos de Laclos’s Les Liaisons dangereuses (1782), the motif of solitude, from conventual seclusion to virtuous retreats and libertine isolation, is as much a contributor to the characters’ downfall as the dangerous liaisons advertised in the novel’s title. Engaging the eighteenth-century discourse on solitude, I argue that Les Liaisons dangereuses illustrates the period’s redefinition of the private and public spheres, the Enlightenment’s secularization of the notion of retreat, and its understanding of the Self as the real source of one’s temptation. Solitude in Les Liaisons dangereuses is reconfigured as a space where inner desires can surface; however, such revelations often menace one’s happiness. Analyzing the representation of the characters’ physical seclusion, of their strategic retreats, and of their psychological isolation allows me to explore how Laclos’s representation of solitude as perilous stems from the conviction that, in a period intent on frustrating an individual’s natural drives, the most dangerous liaison one can have is with oneself.
Programming Techniques, Computer-Aided Manufacturing, and Simulation Software
Authors: Priestley A.P.
Published: June 2021

This chapter discusses the ways in which the evolution of filament winding software systems has capitalized on the inherent flexibility of computer numerical controlled winding machines and enhanced their productivity. It provides a detailed discussion on different types of geometries that can be wound, from the simple to the highly complex, with insight into the limitations, advantages, and challenges of each. Components covered include classic axisymmetric parts (rings, pipes, driveshafts, pipe reducers, tapered shafts, closed-end pressure vessels, and storage tanks), nonround sections (aeromasts, airfoils, box sections, and fuselage sections), curved-axis parts (elbows, ducts), and special applications (tees). Basic winding concepts, such as band pattern, are discussed and explained, and some simple predictive formulae are introduced. The chapter also provides examples of programming various geometries using advanced software tools and discusses how various materials, such as rovings, tow-preg, prepreg tape, and woven materials, affect winding program generation.
FUZZY LOGIC AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF TOURISM ANALYSIS
Authors:   Institute of Technology and Business in Ceske Budejovice, School of Expertness and Valuation, Okruzni 517/10, 37001 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic, Hašková Simona , Horák Jakub ,   Institute of Technology and Business in Ceske Budejovice, School of Expertness and Valuation, Okruzni 517/10, 37001 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Published: June 2021

Qualitative and quantitative approaches to multicriteria evaluation and managerial decision- making often ignore the specifics of the role of the human factor. This article summarizes management methods that reflect not only numerical inputs but also data of a qualitative nature while considering their applicability in the tourism sector. Some of them can be assorted within the classes of Artificial intelligence. The focus is on the fuzzy approach at the theoretical and application level. The fuzzy approach is used to evaluate the degree of country travel and tourism competitiveness of selected European and Asian countries based on subjective rankings from the viewpoint of travelling persons. The results indicate that among countries under review, China is ranked as a highly competitive country in travel & tourism. Conditional competitive countries in terms of travel & tourism are the Czech Republic, Pakistan, Russia, and Turkey.
Diet of a community of frogs in an agroecosystem in western Cuba
Authors: García-Padrón L. Yusnaviel
Published: June 2021

The study of frog diets in agricultural areas enables us to recognize their role in terrestrial food webs as predators of invertebrates, which can become crop pests or disease transmission vectors for humans. The present study examines the diet composition of three syntopic frog species occurring in one agroecosystem in Cuba, and their interspecific trophic interactions. The fieldwork was in Zea mays and Colocasia esculenta crops in Pinar del Río province, Cuba, in August, 2020. The frogs were measured and stomach-flushed in situ, and released at the site of capture. Niche overlap between species was calculated. Fifty-two frogs were captured and 43 (82.7%) had prey in their stomachs. Eleutherodactylus goini had the highest rate of prey/stomach and the broadest diet diversity while Osteopilus septentrionalis had the lowest rate and the narrowest diet diversity. High diet overlap was detected between Eleutherodactylus species. The most consumed prey were Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Blattodea. The diet data suggests that these species could be important biological controls of the invertebrate community in the studied agroecosystems. This indicates a positive impact of these native frogs to the crops by controlling noxious and damaging invertebrates.