bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação das complicações da esofagectomia de resgate na terapêutica cirúrgica do câncer de esôfago avançado
Authors: Aquino José Luis Braga de , Said Marcelo Manzano , Pereira Douglas Alexandre Rizzanti , Cecchino Gustavo Nardini , Leandro-Merhi Vânia Aparecida
Published: November 2013

RACIONAL: Apesar das inúmeras opções terapêuticas, o prognóstico da neoplasia maligna de esôfago continua sombrio. Devido à baixa taxa de cura da esofagectomia, foram desenvolvidas novas propostas de tratamento como a quimioterapia e radioterapia isoladas ou associadas, concomitante ou não à cirurgia, além da quimiorradiação exclusiva. A esofagectomia de regaste surge como opção terapêutica para aqueles pacientes com recorrência ou persistência da doença após tratamento clínico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da esofagectomia de resgate em pacientes com câncer de esôfago submetidos previamente à quimiorradiação exclusiva, assim como descrever as complicações locais e sistêmicas. MÉTODO: Foram analisados retrospectivamente 18 pacientes com diagnóstico inicial de carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago irressecável, submetidos previamente à quimiorradioterapia. Após o tratamento oncológico eles foram examinados quanto às suas condições clínicas pré-operatórias. Foi realizada a esofagectomia por toracotomia direita e reconstrução do trânsito digestivo por cervicolaparotomia. Os mesmos foram avaliados no período pós-operatório tanto em relação às complicações locais e sistêmicas como em relação à qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS: As complicações foram frequentes, sendo que cinco pacientes desenvolveram fístula por deiscência da anastomose. Quatro desses evoluíram de maneira satisfatória. Cinco também apresentaram estenose esofagogástrica cervical, mas responderam bem à dilatação endoscópica. Infecção pulmonar foi outra complicação observada e presente em sete pacientes, sendo inclusive causa de óbito em dois deles. Dentre os em que se conseguiu realizar seguimento com tempo médio de 5,6 anos, 53,8% estão vivos sem doença. CONCLUSÕES: Existe elevada morbidade da esofagectomia de regaste principalmente após longo espaço de tempo entre quimiorradiação e a cirurgia, propiciando maior dano tecidual e predisposição à formação de fistulas anastomóticas. No entanto, os resultados se mostram favoráveis àqueles que não possuem mais opções terapêuticas.
Termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE): fatores que interferem na adesão
Authors: Souza Miriam Karine , Jacob Carlos Eduardo , Gama-Rodrigues Joaquim , Zilberstein Bruno , Cecconello Ivan , Habr-Gama Angelita
Published: November 2013

RACIONAL: O Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) aborda informações que precisam estar descritas de forma clara e de fácil compreensão, destacando riscos, possíveis benefícios e procedimentos. Atualmente discute-se a possibilidade de sujeitos de pesquisa não entenderem totalmente o texto do TCLE nem seus direitos como participantes, mesmo tendo assinado o TCLE e aderido à pesquisa. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a legibilidade dos TCLE, bem como correlacionar a aceitação do sujeito da pesquisa com estado demográfico, fatores sociais, relação risco-benefício e nível de instrução. MÉTODOS: Análise dos dados de 793 pacientes, que foram convidados a participar de diferentes protocolos de pesquisa clínica em hospitais privados e públicos. Foram revistos os dados dos prontuários médicos para obtenção dos dados demográficos e sociais. Foram usados os Índices de Legibilidade Flesch Reading Ease e Flesch-Kincaid para avaliar o nível de legibilidade dos textos dos TCLE. RESULTADOS: A adesão dos sujeitos de pesquisa aos protocolos propostos não teve influência dos fatores demográficos e sociais, no entanto, verificou-se maior adesão entre os pacientes de instituição de tratamento público (99,7%) em comparação com instituição de tratamento privada (93,7%). A adesão foi maior entre os pacientes que participaram de protocolos com menor risco (99,73%) em comparação com os que participaram de protocolos com maior risco (81,3%). Apesar da adesão não ter tido influência do nível de escolaridade, ele foi menor ou igual a oito anos de estudo para 462 pacientes (58,26%), entre os quais 444 (96,1%) eram de instituição de tratamento público. Os índices de legibilidade obtidos variaram de 9.9 a12 para o teste de Flesch-Kincaid e 33,1 a 51,3 para o teste de Flesch Reading Ease. CONCLUSÕES: Os TCLE apresentaram altos graus de dificuldade para leitura. Apesar da aceitação pelo paciente não estar relacionada com fatores sociais ou demográficos, foi influenciado pela relação risco-benefício.
Complicações após pancreatectomias: estudo prospectivo após as novas classificações GIEDFP e GIECP
Authors: Amico Enio Campos , Alves José Roberto , João Samir Assi , Guimarães Priscila Luana Franco Costa , Barreto Élio José Silveira da Silva , Barreto Leonardo Silveira da Silva , Costa Paulo Renato Leal , Medeiros Joafran Alexandre Costa de
Published: November 2013

RACIONAL: No Brasil existe escassa publicação científica destinada à divulgação dos resultados das ressecções pancreáticas. OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados cirúrgicos das ressecções pancreáticas. MÉTODOS: Analisou-se prospectivamente 54 casos consecutivos de pacientes submetidos à pancreatectomias. Foi avaliada a ocorrência de complicações pós-operatórias (fístula pancreática, retardo do esvaziamento gástrico e hemorragia pós-operatória) fundamentadas nos critérios dos Grupos Internacionais de Estudo sobre a Definição de Fístula Pancreática e de Cirurgia Pancreática. RESULTADOS: Das 54 pancreatectomias, 32 foram realizadas em mulheres (59,26%) e 22 em homens (40,74%). A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 54,5 anos. O procedimento mais praticado foi à cirurgia de Whipple em 38 pacientes. Em oito destes, houve ressecção do eixo mesentérico-portal. O tempo médio de internação foi de 20,7 dias. A maioria dos pacientes (51%) esteve internada por até 10 dias. A fístula pancreática foi observada em 50% da amostra em 44,7% dos pacientes submetidos à operação de Whipple. O sangramento pós-operatório e o retardo do esvaziamento gástrico nos pacientes submetidos à essa operação ocorreram, respectivamente, em 13,15% e 18,41%. Na amostra a taxa global de morbidade e mortalidade foi respectivamente de 62,9% e 5,5%. CONCLUSÃO: Há necessidade das publicações nacionais assimilarem os conceitos e critérios apresentados pelas classificações GIEDFP e GIECP para permitir a comparação dos resultados obtidos com o tratamento cirúrgico de doenças pancreáticas, no contexto brasileiro. Quem sabe, se o grande avançado visto nos últimos 40 anos em termos de redução das taxas de mortalidade associadas com ressecções pancreáticas também pode ocorrer com os níveis persistentemente elevados de complicações pós-operatórias.
Proteinograma sérico e do líquido peritoneal de equinos hígidos e daqueles submetidos à obstrução intestinal experimental
Authors: Nogueira Andressa Francisca Silva , Filippo Paula Alessandra Di , Anai Letícia Abrahão , Pereira Gener Tadeu , Santana Aureo Evangelista
Published: November 2013

Avaliou-se a resposta de fase aguda através da concentração das proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) no soro sanguíneo e no líquido peritoneal de vinte e um equinos, hígidos e submetidos à obstrução intestinal experimental, distribuídos em quatro grupos: obstrução de duodeno - GD (n=6), íleo - GI (n=6), cólon dorsal esquerdo - GM (n=6) e controle instrumentado - GC (n=3). Foram colhidas amostras de sangue e líquido peritoneal e, após centrifugação e fracionamento, as proteínas de fase aguda foram separadas por eletroforese em SDS-PAGE. Identificaram-se as proteínas IgA, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, IgG, haptoglobina, α1-glicoproteína ácida e P24, no soro e no líquido peritoneal. Houve aumento nas concentrações sérica e peritoneal de todas as PFA, sendo mais evidente no líquido peritoneal e nos animais obstruídos. O fracionamento eletroforético das PFA no líquido peritoneal é mais eficaz no diagnóstico de processos inflamatórios abdominais, quando comparado ao sérico.
Descrição do potencial de retenção de nitrogênio em frangas de postura por diferentes metodologias: máxima deposição e estimativas da ingestão de metionina+cistina
Authors: Silva Edney Pereira da , Sakomura Nilva Kazue , Araújo Jose Anchieta de , Hauschild Luciano , Malheiros Euclides Braga , Dorigam Juliano Cesar de Paula
Published: November 2013

Objetivou-se descrever o máximo potencial de deposição de nitrogênio e estimar a ingestão de metionina+cistina pela técnica do balanço de nitrogênio e abate comparativo. Foram realizados ensaios no período de 14 a 28, 56 a 70 e 98 a 112 dias de idade, utilizando 168 frangas Dekalb White, distribuídas em sete tratamentos e oito repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de níveis de proteína na dieta, variando de 75 a 435 g kg-1 de matéria seca, em que a metionina+cistina foi o primeiro aminoácido limitante. As variáveis coletadas pelo abate comparativo foram nitrogênio ingerido e depositado e, nos ensaios de balanço de nitrogênio, coletaram-se ingestão e excreção de nitrogênio. Por meio da relação exponencial entre ingestão e deposição de nitrogênio, determinou-se a máxima deposição de nitrogênio. As técnicas foram comparadas pelo teste da razão de máxima verossimilhança. As técnicas descrevem de forma diferente o máximo potencial de deposição pela ave, mas são similares na estimativa da exigência de metionina+cistina. Com base em 60% do máximo potencial, as ingestões de metionina+cistina digestível foram estimadas em 163, 243 e 343 mg dia-1 para os período de 14 a 28, 56 a 70 e 98 a 112 dias de idade, respectivamente.
Desigualdades educacionais no espaço urbano: o caso de Teresina
Authors: Érnica Mauricio
Published: November 2013

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em Teresina/ PI, cujo objetivo foi apreender os mecanismos produtores de desigualdades educacionais no município. Foram identificados quatro mecanismos: a) a separação entre as redes privada e pública; b) as diferenças na oferta educacional das redes públicas estadual e municipal; c) as diferenças nos dois segmentos do ensino fundamental; d) o efeito das desigualdades socioespaciais sobre as oportunidades educacionais. Conclui-se que a diferenciação das redes de ensino, articulada a um sistema de matrículas que induz os pais a disputar entre si vagas em escolas de maior prestígio, cria um quase mercado educacional por meio do qual são produzidas desigualdades escolares. Conclui-se ainda que a concorrência entre as redes engendra mecanismos de interdependência e mútua reprodução.
Instrumento livre para medidas de movimento
Authors: Peña Norberto , Credidio Bruno Cecílio , Corrêa Lorena Peixoto Nogueira Rodriguez Martinez Salles , França Lucas Gabriel Souza , Cunha Marcelo do Vale , Sousa Marcos Cavalcanti de , Vieira João Paulo Bomfim Cruz , Miranda José Garcia Vivas
Published: November 2013

Este trabalho apresenta a validação de uma ferramenta computacional gratuita, que serve para obtenção de medidas contínuas de objetos em movimento. O software utiliza técnicas de visão computacional, reconhecimento de padrões e fluxo óptico, para viabilizar o rastreamento de objetos em vídeos, gerando dados de trajetória, velocidade, aceleração e movimento angular. O programa foi aplicado no rastreamento da esfera de um pêndulo aproximadamente simples. A metodologia utilizada para a validação toma como base a comparação dos valores medidos pelo programa, bem como os valores teóricos esperados segundo o modelo do pêndulo simples. O experimento se adequou ao método, pois foi construído respeitando os limites lineares do oscilador harmônico, minimizando as perdas de energia por atrito e tornando-o o mais ideal possível. Os resultados indicam que a ferramenta é sensível e precisa. Desvios menores do que um milímetro na medida da trajetória garantem a aplicabilidade do software em física, tanto em projetos de pesquisa quanto em tópicos de ensino.
The physical, chemical and functional characterization of starches from Andean tubers: oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina), olluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas) and mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavón)
Authors: Valcárcel-Yamani Beatriz , Rondán-Sanabria Gerby Giovanna , Finardi-Filho Flavio
Published: November 2013

The physical, chemical, and functional properties of starches isolated from the Andean tubers oca (Oxalis tuberosa M.), olluco (Ullucus tuberosus C.) and mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum R. & P.) were studied. The tubers were obtained from a local grocery. The morphology of the starch granules (size and shape) was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed ellipsoid, oval, conical, pear-shaped and prismatic forms: ellipsoids and oval granules with lengths up to 54.30 µm in oca; with lengths up to 32.09 µm for olluco starch granules; and with predominantly truncated spherical or oval forms and smaller dimensions (up to 16.29 um) for mashua starch granules. Amylose contents were similar among the samples: 27.60% (oca), 26.49% (olluco) and 27.44% (mashua). Olluco starch had less swelling power, forming opaque, less firm gels. All three starch gels showed the same stability on refrigeration and presented high syneresis under freezing temperatures, with a variation of 40.28 to 74.42% for olluco starch. The starches cooked easily, with high peak viscosity. The low gelatinization temperatures and high stability during cooling make these starches suitable feedstock for use in formulations that require milder processing temperatures and dispense freezing storage.
Short-term efficacy of mandibular advancement splint in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Lima Calliandra Moura Pereira de , Furquim Laurindo Zanco , Ramos Adilson Luiz
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the short-term efficacy of treatment for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) using a mandibular advancement splint. METHODS: The sample comprised 20 patients (13 men and 7 women; mean age = 48 years; mean body mass index = 27.07) with OSAHS. Polysomnograms were performed before and 60 days after mandibular advancement splint therapy. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) following treatment (mean pretreatment AHI = 20.89 ± 17.9 versus mean posttreatment AHI = 4.43 ± 3.09) (p < 0.05). The snoring reduced and the sleep efficiency improved, as registered by polysomnograms (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The sleep quality improved in patients using mandibular advancement splint. Further studies evaluating long-term effects are needed.
Brachycephalic, dolichocephalic and mesocephalic: is it appropriate to describe the face using skull patterns?
Authors: Franco Fernanda Catharino Menezes , Araujo Telma Martins de , Vogel Carlos Jorge , Quintão Cátia Cardoso Abdo
Published: November 2013

The use of a standardized terminology in the medical sciences is essential for both clinical practice and scientific research. In addition to facilitating communication between professionals, it enhances the reliability of comparisons made between studies from different areas, thereby contributing to a higher level of scientific evidence. Examples of attempts made to standardize the terminology in other areas dedicated to the study of craniofacial morphology can be found in the literature. On the other hand, one can find in the orthodontic literature a variety of terms that render the consensus and communication between orthodontists and other researchers even more problematic. As an example, one could cite the use of the terms brachyfacial, mesofacial and dolichofacial, which form part of a cranial index terminology used to describe facial types. Thus, a reflection on the origin and differences of the terms used to describe the human facial phenotype may pave the way toward a consensus regarding the meaning that best represents the craniofacial patterns.
Surgical and Laser Treatment of Hemangiomas of the Lips
Authors: McClellan Adam C. , Walls Sarah L. , Gibson Tanya M. , MacNeill Simon R. , Cobb Charles M.
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Single or multiple cavernous hemangiomas involving the lips can be disfiguring and are subject to traumatic hemorrhage and ulceration. Furthermore, the cavernous hemangiomas may increase in size over time. The lip is a unique body tissue because of the vermilion color. Thus, surgical removal of lesions involving the vermilion borders present esthetic concerns.

Case Presentation: A 51‐year‐old male presented with a chief complaint of a “red–blue puffy” and protruding lower lip of several years duration. Clinical examination revealed four raised soft tissue lesions ranging from 0.4 to 1 cm in diameter. Similar lesions were noted on the dorsal tongue surface. All lesions blanched on palpation but were not pulsatile. The preliminary diagnosis was cavernous hemangioma. Given the range in size, distribution, and esthetic concerns, the two largest lip lesions were surgically excised and the smallest was ablated by carbon dioxide laser irradiation. A small lesion involving both lips at the commissure was not treated because of lack of esthetic and functional concerns.

Conclusions: Treatment was successful in that no complications were incurred and the esthetic result was pleasing to the patient. This case demonstrates that laser ablation of a cavernous hemangioma with good hemostasis is possible and should be considered a viable treatment option.
Enhancement of Oil Recovery During Improved Thermal-Mining Development of Yarega Field
Authors: Korepanova V.. , Turkin S.. , Ershova O..
Published: November 2013

This work is devoted to the actual problem – increase in completeness of extraction of oil on Yaregskaya area of Yarega oil field.

In present time the most effective method of exploitation of Yaregskaya area is thermo-mine technology using underground-surface system with radial scheme of formation exposing 300 m wells. Improve ment of thermo-mine method of exploitation allows to increase recovery rates and oil recovery factor. In present time to recover the remaining reserves it is proposed to construct mini-mines using underground and surface system with panel system of formation exposing 800 m wells. Using of this system will allow to reduce penetration of excavation in 2 times. Besides, it will allow save temperature of the miner atmosphere in admissible limits till the end of oil field exploration. Construction of mini-mines will allow to reduce charges of excavation.

Yarega oil field of high-viscosity oil is situated in 18 km to the south-west from Ukhta. The oil field is dated for the Yaregskay, Lyayelskay and Vezhavozhskay structures having the general extent of 36 km (drawing 1). Yarega`s oil viscosity reaches 16000 mPa*s, initial gas to oil ratio (GOR) is 10–13 m3/t, initial reservoir pressure is 1,3 MPa.
Conceptual Model of DKT-1 Reservoir on Vakhitovskoe Field
Authors: Sergeevna Lopatina Ekaterina
Published: November 2013

The Dkt-1 layer is restricted in "kolgal" formation. It is the unique geological object, because the terrigenous Dkt-1 layer is characterized by local distribution inside thick carbonate sediment. The resourse of this layer contain 60% of the whole field resourses. The operator gave a purpose to explain the differences of the exploration wells work. For example, there are two exploration wells located on 500 meters from injection well. There fore debits are 10 times deffer: 60 and 600 tons per day. 40% of wells are drilled in lithological unsuccessful area, that is why the relevancy of deep geological research is appear.

The main purpose: increase of development effectiveness.

The main aims: the detail correlation, prediction of reservoir distribution, analysis of development prosesses according to facial analysis.

Originality: using the facial analysis in the stage of active development. The complex analysis of research – at first time data of core, logging, seismic and actual production history was complexed.

The Vakhitovskoe field is distributed in Orenburg region. The layer under study – Dkt-1 – was formed at the late franian stage of Devonian system and represented by terrigenous sandy-gravel rock the total thicknes about 50 m.

As a initial data was given information of 40 wells (8 of them with core, 220 meters), 3D seismic cube area 130 sq.km., more than 900 core samples with reservoir properties, actual production history from 2002.

In a seismic section the Dkt-1 layer is represented by clinoform body downwarping to the north.

The main geological feature of the layer is anomaly huge compartmentalization – it achieves 40 interlayers.
Experience of Reservoirs Management of Bazhenov-Abalak Complex North-Eastern Part of the Palyanovskaya Area Krasnoleninskoye Field
Authors: Uliana Podkorytova
Published: November 2013

Nowadays exploration for hydrocarbons in bazhen formation has become one of the main task of oil industry in Russia.

Today, production of these types of hydrocarbon in the world is greater than 5 %, and it shows steady growth. Resource potential estimates vary up to 10 billion tons, which indicate the prospects of this type of hydrocarbons. To date, taking into account the tax benefits for oil production from non-conventional sources of hydrocarbons becomes the most promising for all Russian vertically integrated oil companies. A large spread over the area within the KHMAO and successful pilot projects with commercial oil flow create the preconditions for a high probability of an early start of a large-scale oil production, with application of the latest technologies. Production potential of the Bazhenov Formation in Russia in 2020 is estimated at 15-20 million tons.

JSC "GazpromNeft" is paying a great attention to the development of this area. Assessing the potential of the Bazhenov and abalak formations in Palyanovskaya area of Krasnoleninskoye oil field – is one of the company's projects to explore the possibilities of unconventional hydrocarbon reserves.

Palyanovskaya area of Krasnoleninskoye oil field is located in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District on the territory of Oktyabrskiy region (Fig. 1). Within close proximity there are also developed oil fields: Em- Egovskoye, Talin (west) and Kamennaya area (south- east) of Krasnoleninskoye field.
Analysis of Lost Circulation in Production Casing Installation Conditions at Orenburgneft OJSC Fields and Recommendations on Prevention of Such Losses
Authors: Kustaryov Dmitry A , Rubatsov Sergey A
Published: November 2013

Dmitry A. Kustaryov, a drilling engineer in LLC TNK-Uvat since 2012 (OJSC Oil Company Rosneft).

Sergey A. Rubatsov, a drilling field supervisor in OJSC Samotlorneftegaz since 2012 (OJSC Oil Company Rosneft).

In 2011, both authors had a working experience in OJSC Orenburgneft as drilling engineers. OJSC Orenburhneft fields are represented by highly-fractured carbonate rocks. Therefore, the main drilling problems are associated with lost circulation and significant mud losses. The region has a wealth of experience in dealing with these drilling problems and detailed step-by-step actions have been developed. However, apart from drilling, production casing installation in some cases is also accompanied by lost circulation. Lost circulation during casing cementing has the most severe and irreversible effect. Various lost circulation control methods have been tested and are being applied in the region in order to prevent lost circulation during well completion, but there are no comprehensive methods in well completion as in drilling. Therefore, the authors set a goal to analyze technologies applied in the Company, to review the global experience of well cementing and after all to develop a uniform procedure to prevent lost circulation in production casing installation conditions. After such procedure is created, it can be used not only by OJSC Orenburgneft engineers but in other subsidiaries of OJSC Oil Company Rosneft.
Detection and Occurrence of Indicator Organisms and Pathogens
Authors: Kronlein Maggie R. , Stedtfeld Robert D. , Sorensen Jackson , Bhaduri Prianca , Stedtfeld Tiffany , Eanes Samantha , Harichandran Vikram , Haynes Kathleen , Stevens Michael , Hashsham Syed A.
Published: November 2013

This review summarizes the literature published in 2012 pertaining to the occurrence and detection of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and pathogens. It is organized into the following sections: i) methods for the detection and quantification of waterborne fecal indicators and pathogens including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), isothermal amplification, label‐free methods, microarrays, immunoassay‐based methods, microfluidic‐based methods, and advances in sample processing and concentration at the limit of detection (LOD), ii) microbial source tracking (MST) using both genotypic and phenotypic‐based methods, iii) environmental occurrence, persistence, and transport of fecal indicators and pathogens.
Novel Applications of Molecular Biological and Microscopic Tools in Environmental Engineering
Authors: Gedalanga Phillip , Kotay Shireen M. , Sales Christopher M. , Butler Caitlyn S. , Goel Ramesh , Mahendra Shaily
Published: November 2013

Molecular biological methods offer flexible and powerful tools to environmental practitioners and researchers interested in studying environmental challenges in natural and engineered systems. In recent years, these techniques have allowed investigators to connect the fate, transport, and transformation of environmental chemical contaminants and pathogens with biological processes of functionally diverse microorganisms or microbial communities. Indeed, the boundaries of microbial ecosystems are constantly refined as researchers discover new links that extend beyond Bacteria to include Archaea and unicellular Eukarya.  Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) provides a rapid and sensitive approach to determine gene abundance and expression from a wide range of microorganisms from complex environments. Whole genome arrays (WGA) and functional gene arrays (FGA) are being used to elucidate transcriptional changes in response to environmental parameters. Antibiotic resistance profiling and microbial source tracking studies continue to benefit from the information provided by a molecular‐based experimental design. Quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (qFISH) and next generation sequencing technologies are changing the way we view suspended solids in wastewater treatment. Innovative sensors are being developed that couple molecular biological, chemical, or physical properties to improve the sensitivity and specificity for intended targets. Thus, advanced molecular analysis complements conventional approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of microbes and microbial processes in the environment. The purpose of this review is to summarize high impact studies and novel applications of molecular methods for environmental engineering professionals and scientists.
Biological Fixed Film
Authors: Choi Jeongdong , Islam Md. Shahinoor , Tumpa Fahmida , Liu Yang
Published: November 2013

The review includes literature published during the year 2012 regarding the use of biofilms and bioreactors to treat wastewater. Topics considered are: biofilm formation and factors that impact biofilm formation; extracellular polymeric substance and its extraction from biofilms; biofilm consortia and quorum sensing; biofilm imaging techniques; biofilm reactors and modeling.
Natural Treatment and Onsite Processes
Authors: Gude Veera Gnaneswar , Truax Dennis D. , Magbanua Benjamin S.
Published: November 2013

This paper provides a review of the treatment technologies which utilize natural processes or passive components in wastewater treatment. The paper primarily focuses on wetland systems and their applications in wastewater treatment (as an advanced treatment unit or decentralized system), nutrient and pollutant removal (single and multiple pollutants, and metals), and emerging pollutant removal (pharmaceuticals). A summary of studies involving the plant (vegetation) effects, wetland design and modeling, hybrid and innovative systems, storm water treatment, grass swales, bioretention and other issues involving climate change and greenhouse gas emissions is also provided.
Gaseous Emissions from Wastewater Facilities
Authors: Shaw Andrew R. , Koh Sock‐Hoon
Published: November 2013

A review of the literature published in 2012 on topics relating to gaseous emissions from wastewater facilities is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: odorant emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from WWTPs; emissions from wastewater collection systems; physiochemical odor/emissions control methods; biological odor/emissions control methods; odor monitoring/assessments, and odor impacts.
Sustainability
Authors: Zhou Jianpeng , DiGiovanni Kimberly , Ries Matthew , McCreanor Philip T.
Published: November 2013

This review on Sustainability covers selected journal articles and conferences papers published in 2012 and is divided into the following sections:  • Sustainable water and wastewater utilities  • Sustainable water resources management  • Industrial and corporate approaches towards sustainability  • Stormwater and green infrastructure  • Sustainability in wastewater treatment  • Life cycle assessment (LCA) applications  • Sustainability and energy in wastewater industry, climate change, and water reuse  • Sustainability rating systems  The Stormwater and Green Infrastructure (GI) describe the current development in four areas: (1) performance monitoring of GI/LID (low impact development) systems; (2) modeling GI/LID systems; (3) assessment and planning tools for GI/LID systems; and (4) social impacts of GI/LID systems.
Economics
Authors: Palley Paul D. , Parcero Miriam E.
Published: November 2013

A review of literature during calendar year 2012 focused on environmental policies and sustainable development, and economic policies. This review is divided into these sections: sustainable development, irrigation, ecosystems and watershed management, climate change and disaster risk management, environmental policies management, economic growth, water supply policies, water consumption, water price regulation, and valuation.
Turning a Tragedy into a Tribute: A Literature Review of Creating Meaning after Loss of a Loved One
Authors: Tyson June
Published: November 2013

The issue of the death of a loved one is unavoidable and must be experienced by all. We must endure it and its effects regardless of who we are or what we have. Death creates a strong emotional impact, and we are powerless to its force and influence. However, it is an experience that can and has been transcended. People can flourish and thrive after the death of a loved one (Egnew, 2005). Creating meaning is defined as people remembering their deceased loved one in ways that add value to their life and the memory of their deceased loved one. This can be done through artistic expressions and various other methods. By inspiring meaning, the survivor perpetuates the value and importance of the loved one's life by living out that meaning. Living out meaning involves the courage to overcome the pain of loss while continuing to affirm inwardly that life with all its sorrows is good. One thus transcends the loss and develops a permanent link between oneself and one's deceased loved one. One understands that everything is meaningful even if in a sense beyond one's understanding, and that there is always tomorrow.
Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers for Medicare and Private Insurers
Authors: Rice J. Bradford , Desai Urvi , Cummings Alice Kate G. , Birnbaum Howard G. , Skornicki Michelle , Parsons Nathan B.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the annual, per-patient incremental burden of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

DFU patients and non-DFU patients with diabetes (controls) were selected using two deidentified databases: ages 65+ years from a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries (Standard Analytical Files, January 2007–December 2010) and ages 18–64 years from a privately insured population (OptumInsight, January 2007–September 2011). Demographics, comorbidities, resource use, and costs from the payer perspective incurred during the 12 months prior to a DFU episode were identified. DFU patients were matched to controls with similar pre-DFU characteristics using a propensity score methodology. Per-patient incremental clinical outcomes (e.g., amputation and medical resource utilization) and health care costs (2012 U.S. dollars) during the 12-month follow-up period were measured among the matched cohorts.

RESULTS

Data for 27,878 matched pairs of Medicare and 4,536 matched pairs of privately insured patients were analyzed. During the 12-month follow-up period, DFU patients had more days hospitalized (+138.2% Medicare, +173.5% private), days requiring home health care (+85.4% Medicare, +230.0% private), emergency department visits (+40.6% Medicare, +109.0% private), and outpatient/physician office visits (+35.1% Medicare, +42.5% private) than matched controls. Among matched patients, 3.8% of Medicare and 5.0% of privately insured DFU patients received lower limb amputations. Increased utilization resulted in DFU patients having $11,710 in incremental annual health care costs for Medicare, and $16,883 for private insurance, compared with matched controls. Privately insured matched DFU patients incurred excess work-loss costs of $3,259.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings document that DFU imposes substantial burden on public and private payers, ranging from $9–13 billion in addition to the costs associated with diabetes itself.
Occupational Health and Hazards among Health Care Workers
Authors: Ghosh Tirthankar
Published: November 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i1.9096 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 3 No 1 (2013) 1 - 4
NSI: A major occupational hazards among the health care workers in Nepal
Authors: Mondal Jaita
Published: November 2013

A percutaneous piercing wound as in needle stick injury is a typically set by a needle point, but possibly also by other sharp instruments or objects. These events are of concern because of the risk to transmit blood-borne diseases through the passage of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the virus which causes AIDS. The present study was done to determine the risk status regarding NSI among health care workers of Private Hospitals, Pokhara, Nepal. Samples were selected through purposive sampling. Self administered questionnaire & risk assessment tool were used to collect data. Study revealed that majority of health care workers were females (93%) with mean age of 22.66 years (±3.1). Sixty eight percent had got NSI, among them 41% had NSI more than 2times in life. Maximum NSI cases happened either by recapping of the needle (18%) or during disposal of sharps (16%) or while transferring a body fluid (blood) to a specimen bottle (15%). The study concludes that majority of health workers had NSI more than two times which denotes NSI is a major occupational hazard. Cases happened either by recapping of the needle or during disposal of sharps or while transferring a body fluid to a specimen bottle. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i1.9098   International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 3 No 1 (2013) 22-25
Capturing Latent Household Preferences in Daily-Activity Pattern Choices
Authors: Lemp Jason
Published: November 2013

One fundamental feature of most operational activity-based models (ABMs) developed in the United States is the concept of a day activity pattern, which, in its broadest sense, is a way of characterizing all the activities undertaken in a day at the individual level. This pattern often includes a sequence of models that generate activities of different types for each individual. In many cases, these models treat all individuals in a household independently, while in other cases, specialized techniques capture intrahousehold relationships. This paper presents a new technique for capturing some of these intrahousehold relationships in a daily-activity pattern (DAP) model via terms for latent household preferences while also allowing for other specific relationships to emerge in more standard ways. The model is estimated on data from the Houston–Galveston region and serves as an extension to the DAP model framework being used in the ABM system under development for that region. The results suggest that strong household level preferences exist. For many activity pattern types, these household preferences are more important than the preferences of the individual. In addition, the modeling framework is concise, can easily accommodate households of any size, and can predict the exact number and type of mandatory tours (i.e., work, school, and university activities) for individuals in a single model.
Coordinated Optimization Model for Signal Timings of Full Continuous Flow Intersections
Authors: You Xiaoming , Li Li , Ma Wanjing
Published: November 2013

The continuous flow intersection (CFI) was invented by Francisco Mier to improve traffic operation in intersections that suffer from traffic problems caused by high numbers of left-turn movements. Although the CFI has been developed for 25 years and some built CFIs have achieved good results, it lacks a general model of signal timings and offsets. This paper (a) describes the main relationships needed to develop a CFI model; (b) builds a detailed model for optimization of phase sequence scheme, length of cycle, phase durations, and offsets between successive signals; and (c) compares the computing results of minimum cycle, capacity, and average delay of CFIs with those of conventional intersections. The results show that CFI has a clear advantage and a wide range of application. In the proposed model and algorithm, the location of the subintersection as a design parameter need not be input, but it is affected by offset and queue length. The solving process and algorithms of all critical features, such as average delay, are provided. The simplified solving process makes this model easy to apply; the computation is not onerous and can be made with the help of a simple procedure running on a personal computer.
Effective Coordinated Optimization Model for Transit Priority Control under Arterial Progression
Authors: Ma Wanjing , Ni Wei , Head Larry , Zhao Jing
Published: November 2013

With the goal of providing effective priority control for transit while minimizing adverse impacts on general traffic movements along the arterial, this paper presents a coordinated transit priority control optimization model with the following features: (a) the control unit is defined as the coordinated intersection group between two successive bus stops; (b) buses are detected after leaving the upstream stop before their arrival at the first intersection of a control unit; (c) the dynamic interactions of priority strategies between adjacent intersections within a control unit are modeled by using a bus delay model and an ineffective priority time model; and (d) a linear program model is developed to generate the optimal priority strategies to reduce bus travel time when priority is necessary and to ensure that every priority treatment implemented at each intersection is effective. Extensive experimental analyses, including time–space diagram-based deterministic analysis and simulation-based analysis, were performed, and results were compared with conventional transit signal priority strategy and no-priority scenarios. The proposed model presents promising outcomes in the design of transit priority signal control in terms of decreasing bus delay, improving bus schedule adherence, and minimizing the negative impacts on general traffic under different traffic demand patterns.
Evaluation of Wheat Straw Wattles for Velocity Reduction in Ditch Check Installations
Authors: Donald Wesley N. , Zech Wesley C. , Fang Xing , LaMondia Jeffery J.
Published: November 2013

Linear construction typically uses drainage conveyances to convey storm-water runoff away from construction sites to neighboring water bodies. These conveyances may be unstabilized and highly susceptible to erosive shear stresses associated with high-velocity flow. In certain situations, wattle ditch checks are used to help reduce channel erosion caused by high-velocity flow by creating an impoundment. However, with new technology emerging and limited scientific data available on the in-field performance of wattles, the quantification of an installation's effectiveness for improving runoff control is difficult. The effectiveness of various configurations of wattle ditch check installations was investigated at the Auburn University Erosion and Sediment Control Testing Facility to help the Alabama Department of Transportation (DOT) improve the performance of wattle ditch checks. Results indicate that Alabama DOT's current installation practice of staking a wattle only to an unstabilized channel can be improved. The addition of a filter fabric underlay protects the channel bottom from scour at the installation area, and the use of sod staples coupled with a teepee staking pattern secures the wattle in place and increases ground contact, which reduces undercutting. This configuration ultimately minimizes highly erosive supercritical flows and maximizes the subcritical flow length by 99% compared with the base installation.
Green Infrastructure Design for Pavement Systems Subject to Rainfall–Runoff Loadings
Authors: Raje Saurabh , Kertesz Ruben , Maccarone Kerrilynn , Seltzer Karl , Siminari Michele , Simms Peter , Wood Brandon , Sansalone John
Published: November 2013

Impervious surfaces alter hydrology while affecting the chemical balance of water resources. Even though historical flooding remains an issue, chemistry, loads, and aesthetics are companion concerns. Recently, total maximum daily loads have spread across the United States. Additionally, Florida has promulgated no net load increases for runoff and constituents and now has numeric criteria for nutrients. As trends move toward low-impact development and green infrastructure, urban retrofit design practice entails hydrologic restoration, reuse, and source control. Site redesign can provide a means to manage hydrologic and constituent load, with no net increase for long-term loadings. The proposed design retrofitted an existing surface parking facility with a series of design elements. A biofiltration area reactor was lined with clay for management of the water table and denitrification. A linear infiltration reactor of cementitious permeable pavement provided infiltration and evaporation, filtration, and adsorption. Street sweeping provided source control. In addition, load credits have been established in Florida for nutrients recovered from street sweeping. Continuous simulations with climate and site data indicated that redesign could result in no load increase. Estimates demonstrated that the cost of redesign was comparable to conventional construction costs while incorporating a Florida-friendly landscape. Also, design options cost less per nutrient load treated than did conventional Florida best management practices.
Integration of Rolling Wheel Deflectometer Deflection Measurements into Pavement Management Systems
Authors: Gaspard Kevin , Zhang Zhongjie , Elseifi Mostafa A.
Published: November 2013

The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) conducted a research project with the rolling wheel deflectometer (RWD) on approximately 1,400 mi of asphalt concrete roadways. The major outcomes of the study were evaluation of the effectiveness of the RWD as a structural assessment tool on Louisiana highways and the introduction of the RWD index (RI). The purpose of this study was to define RI ranges for treatment selections or pavement structural conditions linked to current methods of the Louisiana DOTD's pavement management system; multivariate (factor analysis) and descriptive [analysis of variance (ANOVA)] statistical methods and fuzzy logic functions were used. The factor analysis revealed that the RI could be used as a single index for assessing pavement structural conditions. ANOVA revealed that the RI could not be used to establish the four treatment methods typically used by the Louisiana DOTD but that it could be used to infer whether a pavement was structurally sound or deficient. If the pavement were determined to be structurally deficient, additional structural evaluation, such as with a falling weight deflectometer, would be required. Fuzzy logic and set theory were used to establish fuzzy functions for structurally sound and structurally deficient pavement conditions along with RI threshold ranges per thickness group. Equations were derived to produce RI threshold values for pavement thicknesses less than 12 in. The equations may be used for pavements thicker than 12 in., but with caution. For large segments of roadways, algorithms were used to assess whether pavements were structurally sound or structurally deficient on the basis of RI.
Le Blanc et le Noir: The Spectre behind the Spectrum in Maupassant's Short Stories
Authors: Scott Hannah
Published: November 2013

In Maupassant's short stories, as psychologically distressing events proliferate and his protagonists descend into madness, polychromatic modernity fades away to reveal a stark world of black and white. Such monochromism also engenders an anxiety-ridden reading experience. Black and white draw our attention beyond intradiegetic events to the diegesis itself, where Maupassant's play on textual shape and punctuation gestures towards the non-signifying white page beneath the comfortingly signifying black-ink words. This article explores Maupassant's dissolution of the spectrum, as he moves beyond the nineteenth-century's fascination with colour towards the bleak, monochromatic realm at the very edges of the symbolic.
Pierre Reverdy et les musiciens
Authors: Dalmas Franck
Published: November 2013

Recent scholarship on Pierre Reverdy has neglected to study the relationship between Reverdy's poetry and music. The union of the two arts was questioned after André Breton's rejection of it. However, in a tribute to Reverdy back in 1962, composer Henry Barraud shared memories of his encounters with the poet and disclosed the talks they had had on his radio show about transposing poems into music. This article sets out to explore the fragile and little-known connection between Reverdy and music, as documented by his aesthetic debates with musicians such as in the radio broadcast and the unpublished correspondence with Barraud, and through the evidence of musical works inspired by his poems by artists of different generations. Notable associations between Reverdy's poetry and music are, among others, a piece of 1927 by André Jolivet, an early example of influence on Olivier Messiaen, the successive compositions of Betsy Jolas from 1949 through to 2009, and, finally, the 1989 centenary of the poet as celebrated by five pieces for solo guitar, each written by a different composer, and based upon the 1919 collection La Guitare endormie.
Application of a 2D Hydrodynamic Model for Assessing Flood Risk from Extreme Storm Events
Authors: Ghimire Sohan
Published: November 2013

In the wake of increasing flood disasters, there is an increasing use of flood inundation models to assess risks and impacts at different temporal and spatial scales. Assessing the impacts of extreme climatic rainfall events will require developing design rainfall profiles to represent rainfall under different conditions. Rainfall profiles of different return periods were developed using the Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH) methodology for a small rural catchment of Scotland, to assess flood risks at a catchment scale. Rainfall induced runoff flows were estimated based on a set of catchment characteristics. The channel and floodplain flows were modelled using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model-TUFLOW. The main channel was represented by a one-dimensional linear channel based on surveyed data and the floodplain topography, was represented by a digital terrain model based on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). A range of hydrological events with different return periods are simulated. Results show that many residential houses and an extensive area of agricultural land are at risk of flooding from extreme events such as a 1 in 100 year flood.