bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMPLE AND ECOLOGICAL OBTENTION OF CHITIN FROM CRUSTACEAN WASTE
Authors: FRANCESCHINIS G. , CASTELLÓ P. F. , GALDI M.
Published: June 2021

Crustacean farming generates large quantities of residue, posing environmental and economic problems. These residues contain chitin, proteins and a carotenoid pigment, all of high commercial value, and wide applicability. These compounds are associated with each other in a complex biological counterfoil, rich in calcium carbonate. The available extraction methods for shrimp residues are slow and burdensome, relying upon thermal treatments with concentrated acids and bases, or fermentative methods with high costs in energy, water volume and chemical products. We present here different assays, which were performed to develop an economical process which is environmentally friendly, with acceptable yield, comprising two brief and consecutive steps. The best condition tested was: demineralization with citric acid (ratio weight of residue: citric acid =5.5) for 20 min. at 40ºC, followed by deproteinization with pancreatic enzymes in 0.5 M ammonium citrate buffer at 40ºC. More than 80% of the raw chitin was recovered (4% minerals, 8% protein and 21% carotenoids remnant content), while 70% of the total proteins and 60% of the total carotenoids remained in the final filtrate. Discoloration of the raw chitin was easily performed with acetone.
A DAMAGE PROGNOSIS METHODOLOGY FOR A SIMPLE CRACKED BEAM
Authors: PRESEZNIAK E. A. , PEREZ IPIÑA J. E. , BAVASTRI C. A.
Published: June 2021

Damage prognosis uses numerical and experimental responses to identify damage in structures or part of them, thus allowing the remaining structural life estimation at a high level of precision. Current methods focalize on crack identification; however, a complete methodology to estimate the remaining life of a cracked structure is less developed. A methodology is presented in this paper drawing on concepts such as wavelets transform, dynamic structures, and vibration signals for crack identification; and fracture mechanics and nonlinear optimization to obtain the remaining life. Finite element theory was applied to obtain its vibration modes. The crack was modeled as a flexural spring connected to the elements in the crack position and the crack identification was performed in the wavelet domain. Nonlinear optimization techniques and fracture mechanics concepts were used to estimate the remaining fatigue life. A numerical-experimental case study is solved to show the fundamentals of this methodology.
A NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC IN ARGENTINA USING THE SEIR MODEL
Authors: Gauzellino Patricia , Savioli Gabriela , Carcione José , Santos Juan , Ravecca Alejandro , Moras Alfredo
Published: June 2021

A pandemic caused by a new corona virus has spread worldwide, affecting Argentina. We implement an SEIR model to analyze the disease evolution in Buenos Aires and neighboring cities.The model parameters are calibrated using the number of casualties officially reported. Since infinite solutions honor the data, we show different cases. In all of them the reproduction ratio R0 decreasesafter early lockdown, but then raises, probably due to an increase in the community circulation of the virus. Therefore it is mandatory to reverse this growing trend in R0 by applying control strategiesto avoid a high number of infectious and dead individuals. The model provides an effective procedure to estimate epidemic parameters (fatality rate, transmission probability, infection and incubationperiods) and monitor control measures during the epidemic evolution.
Nghiên cứu mối liên quan của một số yếu tố nguy cơ với suy tĩnh mạch nông chi dưới ở bệnh nhân trên 50 tuổi
Authors: Thị Hải Yến Nguyễn
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Tìm hiểu mối liên quan của một số yếu tố nguy cơ với suy tĩnh mạch nông chi dưới ở bệnh nhân trên 50 tuổi. Đối tượng và phương pháp: 333 bệnh nhân trên 50 tuổi, tại Khoa Khám bệnh cán bộ - Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108. Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả cắt ngang. Kết quả: Suy tĩnh mạch nông chi dưới hay suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính ở bệnh nhân (BN) trên 50 tuổi chiếm 44,1%. Bệnh nhân nữ bị suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính là 66,7% cao hơn bệnh nhân nam 2,6 lần (p>0,05), người béo phì bị suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính 44,3%, bệnh nhân ít vận động bị suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính là 46,2%, 70,8% bệnh nhân có tiền sử gia đình bị giãn tĩnh mạch có nguy cơ mắc suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính cao hơn 3,3 lần so với nhóm bệnh nhân không có tiền sử gia đình (p<0,05). Bệnh nhân hút thuốc lá bị suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính là 55,7%, nguy cơ mắc suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính cao hơn 2,26 lần ở bệnh nhân không hút thuốc (p<0,05), bệnh nhân có rối loạn lipid máu bị suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính 58,2 %, nguy cơ mắc suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính cao hơn 2,24 lần so với bệnh nhân không có hội chứng rối loạn lipid máu, (p<0,05). Kết luận: Bệnh nhân có tiền sử gia đình bị suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính, hút thuốc lá, rối loạn lipid máu có nguy cơ mắc suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính cao hơn nhóm không có yếu tố nguy cơ.

Từ khóa: Suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính, yếu tố nguy cơ.
Đánh giá kết quả điều trị bệnh vảy nến mụn mủ bằng acitretin
Authors: Thị Thu Hoài Nguyễn , Thị Vân Bùi , Hữu Doanh Lê
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị bệnh vảy nến mụn mủ bằng acitretin. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Thử nghiệm lâm sàng so sánh trước và sau điều trị, 30 bệnh nhân vảy nến mụn mủ điều trị tại Bệnh viện Da liễu Trung ương và Khoa Da liễu dị ứng, Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108, từ tháng 3/2017- 12/2018. Kết quả: 86,67% bệnh nhân có kết quả tốt. Urê, triglycerid, GOT, GPT tăng lên sau điều, tuy nhiên không bệnh nhân nào phải dừng thuốc. Tác dụng không mong muốn: 100% bệnh nhân có viêm môi, 96,7% khô da, bong vảy da. Kết luận: Acitretin có tác dụng tốt trong điều trị vảy nến mụn mủ.  

Từ khóa: Điều trị vảy nến mụn mủ, vảy nến mụn mủ toàn thân, acitretin.
Medición del Desarrollo Moral en los estudiantes de primer, quinto y séptimo semestre de 5 carreras de la Univalle, Sede La Paz – Bolivia, en la Gestión 1 – 2019: Una aplicación de la prueba Defining Issues Test (DIT), de Kolhberg y Test de Reacción Valor
Authors: Rodrigo Mendizabal Nelson Luis , Cordero Altamirano Mirea Amparo , Fernández Reyez Carlos Augusto , Antezana Cavero Magda Marcela , Pérez Arce José Cristian , Hidalgo Maynaza Virginia
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación midió, comparó y analizó el nivel de desarrollo de la moralidad y los valores principales que tienen los estudiantes de primer, quinto y séptimo semestre de las carreras de: Administración de Empresas (LAE); Contaduría Pública (LCN); Derecho y Ciencias Jurídicas (LDE); Psicología (LPS) y Comunicación y Medios Digitales (LCMD), de tres grados de la gestión 1–2019 de la Universidad Privada del Valle, sede La Paz–Bolivia; esto en busca de poder proponer mejoras en dicho desarrollo. Para ello, se aplicó la prueba paramétrica y probada del DIT de James Rest (1979) adaptada, basada en la teoría de Kolhberg, y la prueba de Reacción Valorativa del profesor García Hoz (1976). Se encontró un alto porcentaje de nivel convencional (47%) en la población estudiantil, seguido por un 38% de nivel preconvencional y, finalmente, un 15% del nivel postconvencional. Por otro lado, los valores más importantes para los estudiantes fueron los valores morales, ecológicos e individuales.

Esta investigación se realizó porque, desde una mirada estructural, se debe pensar en mejorar la educación universitaria de los recursos humanos con una mayor incidencia en su formación moral. Esto con el fin de coadyuvar, no solo una inserción al mercado laboral, sino, y principalmente, personas íntegras con un alto grado moral en la formación universitaria.
DESIGN FOR ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN TNE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL EDUCATION
Authors:   State University of Physical Education and Sport, Republic of Moldova, Sirghi Serghei , Sirghi Angela ,   Institute of Continuing Education, Republic of Moldova
Published: June 2021

We live in the XXI century, the century of new technologies. ICT has had a huge positive affect upon the way in which education has evolved and become far easier for the world to access. Education cannot continue any more to work by old methods based on class-lesson system, where the teacher stands before the class and presents the material the students are to learn. To improve the process of teaching and learning new methods based on ICT should be used. The importance of using online learning in the context of digital education for the development of knowledge, skills and competences in the contemporary educational process is reported in the article. Great attention is focused on the basic concepts of distance learning and mixed learning. It is proposed a model of planning online teaching and learning activities and recommendations at the level of the teaching staff.
Decreasing the Tendency of Water to Form Scale and Corrosion in Cooling Towers – South Refineries Company (SRC) – Iraq
Authors: Abbas Thabit , Ammouri Qays M. , Shihab Thikra , Jabur Ola
Published: June 2021

Scale formation and corrosion phenomena are major technical problems at Basra Refinery/ South Refineries Company (SRC). These technical problems are concentrated in cooling towers which are used to supply cooling water to the processing units. The Scales and corrosion products precipitate inside cooling units, heat exchangers and pipeline networks affecting negatively efficiency of refinery’s equipment. In this work, a real plant data was collected from four cooling towers which is supplied the coolant to the crude distillation units of the refinery and also from the raw water supplier. The collected data was fitted by Langelier model to predict the tendency of cooling water for scale forming and activation of corrosion. The obtained result shows that the cooling water has a tendency to form scale (CaCO3 Precipitation) at cooling tower units. Also the feed water has the same tendency for scale forming.After analyzing the LSI (Langelier Saturation Index) results, the research team recommends the particular company to overcome this problem by installing a Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant for treating raw water to decrease the concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) which result scale and corrosion in the parts of cooling tower as an option to solve the problem.
AYINTAB, ANTAKYA KAZALARI VE ÇEVRESİ HAKKINDA HÜSEYİN KAZIM KADRİ’NİN HALEP VALİLİĞİ DÖNEMİNDE DÂHİLİYE NEZARETİ’NE GÖNDERDİĞİ RAPOR
Authors: ÜZÜM İsmail Hakkı , KAZCI Özgür
Published: June 2021

Osmanlı Devleti, eski ihtişamını kaybettikten sonra uzun ve zorlu bir süreç yaşamıştır. Bu zorlu süreç hem içerde hem dışarıda devam etmiş, Batının Osmanlı Devleti’nin içişlerine karışmasıyla da daha karmaşık bir hal almıştır. Devlet yöneticileri, XX. yüzyıla girerken uluslararası ilişkilerde devletin bekası için mücadele vermiş, diğer yandan da ülke içerisindeki büyük problemlerle uğraşmak zorunda kalmıştır. Hiç kuşkusuz bu problemlerden en önemlisi ve diğer birçok probleme de sebebiyet veren durum; taşrada merkezi otoritenin zayıflamasıdır. Merkezi otoritenin zayıflaması mali, siyasi ve asayiş gibi pek çok sorunu gündeme getirmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti içte bu sorunlar ile uğraşırken bir yandan da dış ilişkilerdeki aksaklıklarla da uğraşmak zorunda kalmıştır. Devletin iç ve dış siyaseti birbirinden bağımsız değildir, nitekim ülke içerisinde ya da dış ilişkilerde yaşanan istikrar devletin güçlenmesini ve varlığını sürdürmesini sağlamaktadır. Vatansever Osmanlı devlet adamları ise bu uğurda devletin sürekliliği için ellerinden geleni yapmış ve her daim güçlü, adil bir devlet uğruna çalışmışlardır. Merkezi otoritenin zayıfladığı, devletin yerel yöneticiler üzerinde etkisinin azaldığı dönemlerde toplumun huzuru bozulmuştur. Bu bağlamda çeşitli devlet hizmetlerinde görev alan Hüseyin Kazım Bey, Halep valiliği sırasında Ayıntab ve Antakya çevresinde siyasi, sosyal, ticari vb. alanlardaki faaliyetleri değerlendirmiş, gözlemlerde bulunmuş, bölgelerin kalkınması için fikirlerini açıklamış, yapılan haksızlıklara karşı gelmiş ve tüm bunları raporlarında merkeze sunmuştur. Halep valisi Hüseyin Bey’in hazırladığı rapor bu açıdan dönemin siyasi ve sosyal yapısını anlayabilmek açısından büyük bir önem arz etmektedir.
GALATA’DA ALACAK-VERECEK İLİŞKİLERİ (1642-1643)
Authors: KÖSE Birkay
Published: June 2021

Modern banka gibi kurumların yeterince gelişmediği dönemlerde tüccarların, esnafların ve hatta sıradan halk için nakit paranın nakli ve finansman meselesi kişileri farklı yöntemleri kullanmaya yönlendirmiştir. Avrupa’da bu işlemler bankacılık faaliyetlerinin gelişmesiyle ve faizli borçlanma usulü ile gerçekleşmiştir. İslamiyet’in faize karşı uzak tutumu ve Avrupa’daki finansman yöntemlerinin İslam topraklarında görülmemesi Müslümanların bu konuda zorlandıkları izlenimi yaratmıştır. Ancak İslamiyet’in kendi içerisinde geliştirdiği kredi düzenlemeleri, borç alışverişi, iş ortaklıkları ve kredi mektupları gibi yöntemler ile Müslümanlar finansman işlerini halletmişlerdir. Osmanlı da Müslümanların geliştirdikleri bu yöntemleri 17. yüzyıla kadar kullanmışlardır. Galata, İstanbul’un fethinden önce ve sonrasında ticari etkinliği sürekli yüksek olan bir merkez olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. Yüksek ticaret hacmine paralel olarak Galata şer’iyye sicillerinde finansman yöntemlerinden biri olan borçlanma ile ilgili pek çok kayıt bulunmaktadır. 1642-1643 tarihleri arasındaki Galata sakinlerinin borç davalarındaki eğilimlerini açığa çıkarmayı hedefleyen bu çalışmanın ana kaynağı 64 numaralı Galata şer’iyye sicilidir. Şer’iyye sicillerinin verdiği önemli bilgiler kullanılarak kişiler dinlerine, sosyal statülerine, borç alma-verme şekillerine ve mahkemeye gelme amaçlarına göre tasnif edilmiş ve bulgular, önceki çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. 64 numaralı Galata şer’iyye siciline göre gayrimüslimler Müslümanlara nazaran borç davalarında daha fazla yer almışlardır. Kişilerin dinsel tasnifinde özellikle borç verme konusunda kapalı bir görüntü çizmediği ancak borç alma konusunda genellikle dindaşlarını tercih ettiği görülmüştür. Çalışmada görülen önemli bir başka sonuç ise kadınlar da dâhil olmak üzere her kesimden kişilerin borç davalarında yer aldığıdır. Sosyal statüsü sıradan halktan ayrılan askeriler, esnaflar ve hacı unvanını taşıyan kişilerin incelendiği kısımda ise her bir grup için farklı eğilimler gözlenmiştir.
ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS' MORAL VALUE IN NOVEL BALI GIRL SUKRENI BY A.A. TISNA PANJI
Authors: Nurahman Alifiah , Cuesdeyeni Patrisia , Meylala
Published: June 2021

This study aims to describe (1) the form of the moral value of human relations with God (2) the form of the moral value of human relations with oneself (3) the form of the moral value of human relations with other humans in the Sukreni Gadis Bali Novel by A.A. Banner of Tisna. This study uses qualitative methods and types of library research. Based on the results of data analysis of moral values â€‹â€‹in the novel Sukreni Gadis Bali by A.A. Pandji Tisna analyzed 3 relationships, namely: (1) Human relationship with God (its form: Karma), (2) Human relationship with oneself (its form: dishonest, not opinionated, pessimistic, careless and hasty nature, and sincere), (3) Human relations with other humans (its forms: disloyalty, uncaring attitude, evil plans, kind and forgiving attitude, disrespectful or rude attitude, insulting, helping, favoritism, trust, taking advantage of people, and respecting) .
The Socio-phonetics and Morphosyntax of Language Variation in Jordan
Authors: Khalid Al Shboul Othman
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the linguistic choices made by the participants at the level of phonetics and morphosyntax in Irbid city. The study examines the way speakers reconstruct their new identity, as belonging to an upper social class rather than to their real middle class. The researcher assumed that he would find a lot of variation among the speakers in this city that is worth examining socio-linguistically, especially that Irbid is rich in linguistic variation and social contact. The data were extracted from the videos of ten field interviews. The researcher found that gender, age and education influence the way people speak. That is to say, the young people (both males and females) were more triggered to make linguistic changes than their aged counterparts. Besides, the females produced more vernacular variants than the males. This research attempts to investigate social class as an attraction, to which the speaker tries to reach, pushing him/her to make linguistic changes, rather than as a social factor affecting the speaker’s choices since this study assumes that the speaker makes linguistic changes as he/she reconstructs his/her identity in the new social class (the attraction or target). The study concludes that social class, in particular, serves as a motivation factor that pushes speakers to reformulate their identity.
The Hole Papers of Issue No 33
Authors: د. ماهر محمد شريف آدم
Published: June 2021

The Hole Issue Papers No 33
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN MOTIVASI PERAWAT UNTUK MELANJUTKAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI KEPERAWATAN DI RSUD ENCIK MARIYAM TAHUN 2020
Authors: Zalina Siska
Published: June 2021

FAKTOR-FAKTORYANGBERHUBUNGANDENGANMOTIVASIPERAWATUNTUKMELANJUTKANPENDIDIKANTINGGIKEPERAWATANDIRSUDENCIKMARIYAMTAHUN2020Siska Zalina1, Sri Muharni2, Utari Christya Wardhani3Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan STIKesAwal Bros BatamEmailkorespondensi: siskazalina@gmail.comABSTRAKBerdasarkan PERMENKES RINomor 40 Tahun 2017 Tentang aturan hak dan kewajiban perawat dalam meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dengan peningkatan pendidikan lanjutan, maka diharapkan perawat memiliki motivasi yang tinggi untukdapat melanjutkan pendidikan lanjutan pada program pendidikankeperawatan. Tujuan penelitian diketahuinya hubungan tingkat persaingan, dukungan keluarga dan reward dengan motivasi perawat untuk melanjutkan pendidikan tinggi keperawatan di RSUD Encik Mariyam Tahun 2020. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional, pemilihan sampel dengan tekhik Total sampling, jumlah sampel 49 responden. Hasil penelitian diuji dengan uji Spearman Rho dan menunjukkan Persaingan memiliki nilai korelasi coefficient sebesar 0,828. arah hubungan antara persaingan dengan motivasi perawat adalah positif, dukungan keluarga memiliki nilai korelasi coefficient sebesar 0, 743. arah hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan motivasi perawat adalah positif. Reward memiliki nilai korelasi coefficient sebesar 0,954. arah hubungan antara reward dengan motivasi perawat adalah positif. Diharapkan kepada RSUD Encik Mariyam Kabupaten Lingga agar melakukan sosialisasi kepada perawat tentang kebijakan melanjutkan pendidikan keperawatan. Kepada perawat diharapkan memiliki motivasi yang tinggi untuk melanjutkan pendidikan lanjutan di bidangkeperawatan guna meningkatkan pelayanan keperawatan yang lebih baik. Kepada peneliti selanjutnya agar dapat menggali lebih dalam lagi faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan motivasi perawat untuk melanjutkan pendidikan tinggi keperawatan di RSUD Encik Maryam.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Perawat Tentang Hais (Healthcare Associated Infections) dengan Kepatuhan Hand Hygiene di Ruang Rawat Inap RSUD Encik Mariyam Tahun 2020
Authors: SARAH
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

Hand hygiene merupakan teknik dasar yang penting dalam pencegahan HAIs namun tingkat kepatuhan perawat dalam melakukan hand hygiene masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan perawat tentang HAIs dengan kepatuhan hand hygiene di ruang rawat inap RSUD Encik Mariyam tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasional dan pendekatan cross-sectional. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling dengan besar sample 32 orang perawat di ruang rawat inap RSUD Encik Mariyam. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi oleh peneliti dan pengisian kuesioner oleh responden. Data hasil penelitian dianalisa dengan uji Somers’ D. Hasil analisa univariat didapatkan gambaran pengetahuan perawat tentang HAIs pada kategori sedang (53.1%) dan gambaran kepatuhan hand hygiene pada kategori dilakukan dengan baik (71.9%). Hasil analisa bivariate didapatkan  p value= 0.007 sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan perawat tentang HAIs dengan kepatuhan hand hygiene di ruang rawat inap RSUD Encik Mariyam tahun 2020. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan agar meningkatkan pengetahuan perawat tentang HAIs dan manajemennya melalui seminar / sosialisasi dan pelatihan guna meningkatkan kesadaran perawat akan pentingnya pencegahan HAIs dengan hal-hal sederhana seperti hand hygiene.
HUBUNGAN REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA PERAWAT DI RSUD ENCIK MARIYAM
Authors: SYAMSIMAR
Published: June 2021

Kualitas kehidupan kerja sangat mempengaruhi kinerja perawat. Buruknya kualitas kehidupan kerja perawat akan turut mempengaruhi motivasi kerja perawat yang merupakan faktor determinan kinerja perawat. Sehingga perlu adanya perhatian khusus dari pihak manajemen mengenai faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi motivasi kerja perawat, diantaranya yaitu  pemberian reward dan punishment. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan reward dan punishment dengan motivasi kerja perawat di RSUD Encik Mariyam tahun 2020. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasional dan pendekatan cross-sectional. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling dengan besar sample 32 orang perawat di  RSUD Encik Mariyam. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi oleh peneliti dan pengisian kuesioner oleh responden. Data hasil penelitian dianalisa secara univariat dengan tabel frekuensi dan uji bivariate dengan uji Spearman Rho. Hasil analisa univariat didapatkan gambaran reward pada kategori sedang (46.9%), gambaran punishment pada kategori sedang (59.4%) dan gambaran motivasi kerja pada kategori sedang (50.0%). Hasil analisa bivariate variabel reward dengan motivasi didapatkan  p value= 0.000 dan pada variabel punishment dengan motivasi kerja didapatkan p value= 0.001; sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara reward dan punishment dengan motivasi kerja di RSUD Encik Mariyam tahun 2020.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan agar institusi meningkatkan pengetahuan perawat tentang sistem reward dan punishment yang berlaku melalui seminar/ sosialisasi guna meningkatkan motivasi kerja serta mengendalikan perilaku yang dapat mengurangi efektivitas kinerja perawat.
Heinrich Reiser – válečný zločinec ve víru studené války
Authors:   Úřad pro zahraniční styky a informace, Praha, Česká republika, Kaňák Petr , Vajskebr Jan ,   Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů Česká republika, Zumr Jan ,   Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů Česká republika
Published: June 2021

Heinrich Reiser (1899–1978) se poté, co nacisté v Německu uchopili moc, stal příslušníkem tajné státní policie (Gestapo), v jejíchž řadách se v březnu 1939 podílel na okupaci českého vnitrozemí. V létě 1940 byl odvelen do Francie, kde se specializoval na potírání levicového odboje a sovětské špionážní sítě, pro kterou se vžilo označení Rudá kapela (Rote Kapelle). Na sklonku války se podílel na represích vůči nuceně nasazeným zahraničním dělníkům v Německu, po jejím skončení se ukrýval a byl krátce vězněn Francouzi. Vzhledem k rozpadu válečného spojenectví mezi vítěznými mocnostmi byly Reiserovy znalosti a schopnosti využity Gehlenovou organizací, z níž později vznikla západoněmecká tajná služba BND. V rámci denacifikace zpravodajských služeb z nich však byli na přelomu 50. a 60. let „odejiti“ či posláni do penze agenti s nacistickou minulostí, což byl i Reiserův případ. Do hledáčku justice ve Spolkové republice Německo se Reiser dostal vždy jen jako svědek při vyšetřování jiných příslušníků nacistického represivního aparátu, a za své zločiny tak nebyl nikdy odsouzen.
Spangenberg and Zinzendorf on Slavery in the Danish West Indies
Authors: Petterson Christina
Published: June 2021

This publication is a transcription and translation of two texts that relate to slavery in the Danish West Indies. The first text is the second half of a letter by August Spangenberg to Isaac le Long just after Spangenberg’s return to Skippack from the Danish West Indies. It contains Spangenberg’s impressions of life and the mission in St. Thomas six years after its commencement. The second text is a German version of the farewell speech Zinzendorf gave to government officials and slaves in February 1739 concluding his sojourn on St. Thomas. In Zinzendorf’s speech we see the distinction between the enslaved, mortal body and the free, eternal soul, which legitimates slavery within Christianity. Both of these texts are well known from studies on Moravian missions and slavery, but here the full text provides us with a fuller view of the political and social contexts of the early Moravian missions to the Danish West Indies and the complicated history of slavery and Christianity.
SIMULAÇÃO DE GRANDES ESCALAS DO ESCOAMENTO TURBULENTO EM UMA ESTRUTURA DE PASSAGEM DE PEIXES DO TIPO RANHURA VERTICAL
Authors: de Andrade Fernando Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Neste trabalho o método de simulação de grandes escalas (LES) é utilizado para simulação numérica do escoamento turbulento em uma estrutura de passagem de peixes (EPP) do tipo ranhura vertical. A configuração geométrica simulada consiste em um modelo reduzido na escala 1:7,5 de uma escada de peixes contendo 11 tanques em sequência, dispostos na declividade de 6% e 12%. Cada tanque possui 0,50 m de comprimento e 0,40 m de largura, operando com uma profundidade média de 0,20 m e a uma vazão constante de 0,015 m3 /s. O domínio computacional utilizado nas simulações inclui os dois primeiros tanques do EPP. Os resultados calculados são apresentados em termos das distribuições da magnitude da velocidade média, da energia cinética turbulenta e da componente transversal da tensão de cisalhamento de Reynolds para um plano localizado a meia profundidade do escoamento. Os diâmetros característicos dos vórtices nos tanques também são identificados. Uma comparação entre o campo de velocidade média simulado e medição experimental é realizada de maneira qualitativa. A velocidade média do escoamento é comparada com a velocidade máxima de nado da espécie salmonídea. Os resultados mostram grande potencial das simulações de grandes escalas para simular o escoamento turbulento em estruturas de passagem de peixes.
Book Reviews / Рецензии книг / Buchbesprechungen
Authors: Duc Nguyen Tien , Jobst Solvejg
Published: June 2021

Olaf Beuchling & Tuan Van Cong (2013): Vom Mekong an die Elbe. Buddhistisches Klosterleben in der vietnamesischen Diaspora / Xuôi dòng Cửu Long đậu bến Elbe. Nếp Chùa Việt trên đất khách.

Charl Wolhuter, Nikolay Popov, Bruno Leutwyler & Klara Skubic Ermenc (Eds.) (2013): Comparative Education at Universities World Wide.
Parental Attitudes to Bilingual Education of Children in German-Chinese Families
Authors: Wang Chong Jiong
Published: June 2021

Language is one of the major ways in which culture is manifested. One can only get inside a culture if one is able to speak, read or write in its language. The earlier one starts to learn a language, the easier it will be. In this context, children from bi-national families are not consciously learning a second language but have to face the two cultures and the two languages of their parents simultaneously and unconsciously from birth. Therefore, it would seem that children from bi-national families have the best opportunity to master the two languages. This article focuses on the way parents from ten German-Chinese families living in Germany or China deal with this issue.
Инновационная методологическая платформа развития личности в информационном образовательном пространстве
Authors: Берулава Галина А. , Берулава Михаил Николаевич
Published: June 2021

Current higher-eduction systems are characterized by an absolute crisis of an outdated methodological paradigm. Therefore the continuation of „test-tube studies“ of individual „fragments“ of human beings, without reference to new methodologicla realities, has no prospects. At the same time, the dominat model of the university, prevalant for 200 years, remains unaltered. Today, however, the aims, means and players of socialization are changing. This article proposes and discusses a new methodological basis for personality development from the perspective of an behavioural-therapeutic approach is. The role of behaviour patterns is portrayed in the context of social and professional personality successes.
Partizipation als Forschungsmodus: Aus der Praxis des teilnehmenden Beobachtens
Authors: Beuchling Olaf
Published: June 2021

The following article deals with participant observation, a social-science method that, in spite of its long tradition, still has a high exploratory, documentary, and theoretical potential. Participant observation is a social-science procedure in which the researchers participate in the everyday life of the people who are the focus of the investigation, in order to answer questions pertaining to their lived reality based on intimate knowledge. The article claims that this method is particularly suitable for discovering the heterogeneous life conditions and experiential realms of children, youth, families, and pedagogical institutions. The paper, which is oriented towards research praxis, discusses the history of participant observation, relevant application areas, procedures, challenges, as well as instructions for writing field notes.
The Social Position of Doctoral Candidates within the Academic Field: Comparative Considerations Regarding Doctoral Program Attrition in Germany and the USA
Authors: Franz Anja
Published: June 2021

During the ongoing period of transformation of the German doctoral education from the individual master-apprentice model to more structured PhD programs, US-American PhD programs have served as a model for many of the newly established programs. One of the political aims of restructuring doctoral education in Germany within the last decade is the reduction of attrition rates.However, it remains unknown whether differences exist between the attrition rates and what the causes of non-completion are. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to discuss the need of a comparative empirical study to understand doctoral program attrition in both countries.This article first examines the organization of doctoral education in Germany and the USA with reference to doctoral program attrition. Secondly, it explains Bourdieu´s concept of the scientific field and the social position of doctoral students. Finally, it suggests taking a closer look at the position of doctoral students, their amount of capital and possible actions as implications for further research.
Pedagogical Innovations as a Part of Educational Policy in Poland – Trends and Prospects
Authors: Zdybel Dorota
Published: June 2021

The last 20 years in Polish educational policy has been marked by radical but positive change in the social perception of new, innovative ideas in educational practice. This change, however, came along with important misconceptions, including: superficial/or insubstantial understanding of the very concept of “innovation”, “staging” innovations to fulfill bureaucratic demands. The article explores popular barriers and veiled threats in the process of introducing innovative ideas into schools, searching for potential means of overcoming these barriers. How to bridge the gap between the educational sciences and the school practice? How to prevent the decline in the quality in teacher training? What changes in teacher training are necessary to create the culture of enquiry, self-regulated learning, building learning potential of both, teachers and students? Can innovative teacher training be the answer to bureaucracy, politicization and fake reforms in the Polish educational system? These are the main questions addressed in the presentation.
Investigating learner attitudes toward mobile learning environments: Based on gender perspectives
Authors: Liaw Shu-Sheng
Published: June 2021

Mobile technology, accessing Internet resources anytime and anywhere, empowers the shift from traditionally pure instructor-centered classroom teaching to fully learner-centered educational settings. On the other hand, the issue of the relationship between gender perspectives and mobile learning environments has been a controversial topic in educational technology. Therefore, the main research objective of this study is to explore gender perspectives of attitudes toward mobile learning environments. Subjects of the study were selected university students who had already used an APP-based m-learning system for a month. A total of two hundred thirty-three valid questionnaires were collected, spilt evenly between female and male students. Based on gender perspectives, our statistical analyses lead to various significant conclusions.
Social Media in the College Classroom
Authors: Richardson Marianna E.
Published: June 2021

The power of social media in our global society has been labeled as a social revolution that is changing the way we live, work, communicate, and learn. College students are surrounded by and engrossed in social media. University professors are realizing the necessity of incorporating social media in their classrooms. Social media has become a major component of distance learning and massive open on-line courses (MOOCs) increasing the availability of a college education to students who could not previously afford it or who geographically had no access to it. The rising use of social media in college classrooms is changing the delivery of information and the formation of educational communities. In addition, it is advancing the democratization of universities and the opportunities for international students to experience a world-class education.
The Social Capital Theory in the Light of a Centre-Periphery Comparison
Authors: Abamukong Brendan Ngeloo , Jobst Solvejg
Published: June 2021

The article examines the relationship between the social capital concept and school dropout rates from a global and multi-level perspective. Are there universal aspects of social capital that can predict dropout probability for at-risk young adults? If not, how do the correlations vary and to what extend can the differences be associated with variations in macro level state mechanisms in the context of the contemporary world’s social system? These questions are discussed empirically using a data set of 138 at-risk young adults in Cameroon and Germany. The results of the study show relatively higher correlations for Germany compared to Cameroon. The article concludes that context matters and aspects of macro-level state mechanisms and political institutions have important influences on the levels and patterns of micro- level social interactions in societies. This implies that areas with standardized macro-level democratic institutions will find it easier to develop generalized trust as well as to have higher levels of social capital formation. The need for the creation of a more equitable social and economic development policy which counteracts the inequality that is inherent in centre–peripheral relations is therefore highly recommended.
Book Review / Рецензия книг / Buchbesprechung
Authors: Meier Markus , Óhidy Andrea
Published: June 2021

Oerter, Rolf (2014): Der Mensch, das wundersame Wesen. Was Evolution, Kultur und Ontogenese aus uns machen

Tamás Kozma et. al. (2015): Learning Regions in Hungary: From Theory to Realities. Debrecen: Center for Higher Education Research and Development Hungary
Экзистенциализм и современная мировая цивилизация
Authors: Сахроков Владимир А.
Published: June 2021

The article contains brief information оп philosophical approaches towards existentialism starting from its roots ир to the modern reality with an incline to conceptual characteristics of social joint existence in the contemporary and allegedly perfected world. Much importance is attached not only to a dialogue between people of different cultures and confessions but also to the culture of a dialogue itself – an issue that every human being should feel it incumbent upon himself to see to it. The article also outlines various views and opinions on the part of some scholars and researchers as to the matter of existence and survival. Apart from that there have been ascribed some current nowadays approaches toward the relations between the two world wide cultures (Islam and Christianity) to seek a more balanced and secure world order.
Book Review / Рецензия книг / Buchbesprechung
Authors: Hofmann Natascha , Köhler Bruno , Golz Reinhard
Published: June 2021

Wenzler-Cremer, Hildegard (2016): Studierende und Kinder lernen voneinander. Ein Patenschaftsprogramm an Freiburger Grundschulen. Erfahrungen – Reflexionen – Rahmenbedingungen

Markus Meier (2015): Lernen und Geschlecht heute: Zur Logik der Geschlechterdichotomie in eduktativen Kontexten.

David P. Baker (2014): The Schooled Society. The Educational Transformation of Global Culture. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
Distanzfähiges Engagement: Mit Vielfalt und Unübersichtlichkeit erwägungsorientiert-deliberativ umgehen
Authors: Blanck Bettina
Published: June 2021

In a vast variety of ideas concerning life and moral issues, perspectives and concepts pluralistic democracies confront their individuals with the challenge to agree with each other as well as discuss controversial positions and thus develop their own identity. In order for such diversity to not turn out as a hazard but as a helpful medium to build up it requires an identity with the ability to get closely involved and at the same time be able to have an objective, critical, reflexive analysis of one’s own position.The article starts with an explanation of the basic ideas of the concept. Subsequently it shows how a orientation towards deliberation promotes a „deliberating in possibilities” based on dialogues and clarifying controversies with others. These dialogues start from respective individuals up to the question: „How can we properly deal with it, if we don’t know the different perspectives (yet)?” The last question points at a responsible use of „ignorance” and obscurity. An education orientated towards deliberation (Bildung) can help to build critical, reflexive competencies.
Language Diversity in the Classroom and Different Subject Teachers’ Professional Competence: Some Problems and Solutions
Authors: Anspoka Zenta
Published: June 2021

The relevance of research findings is connected to the problem that over the past decade Latvian schools and schools for national minorities have grown considerably with respect to their linguistic and ethnic diversity. Students who are beginning to learn the national language can be grouped into two categories, one for whom Latvian is the mother tongue and one for whom Latvian is a second or foreign language. Subject-area teachers must engage in further professional development on how to deal with the linguistic and ethnic diversity of their students; they need to help them to become familiar with the content of the different subjects. This study aims to highlight the work needed in the different subject areas and to suggest some potential realistic solutions for teachers’ professional development. Helpful in this respect are materials and methods of language theory and linguodidactics, cultural theory as well as some empirical observations of teaching in different subject areas. The professional competence of teachers with respect to linguistic and ethnic matters is connected with the necessity to recognize the individuality of students and to find out about similarities and developments in different ethnicities and cultures. It is equally important to keep in mind the balance between language and content in each subject, the organization of students’ extra-curricular time and their meaningful use of information materials and media (TV, computer, mobile phones, games with special computer programs, interactive whiteboards, etc.).
Partizipation im alltäglichen Unterricht durch Kooperation und Individualisierung in heterogenen Klassen – ein Beitrag zur Demokratiebildung?
Authors: Hildebrandt Elke , Campana Sabine
Published: June 2021

In order to constitute and develop democracy school’s central task is the promotion of childrens’ participation skills. Being able to promote the ability to self- and co-determination as well as solidarity (Klafki 1996) in upcoming generations, nationally and internationally, is an important step towards a free, peaceful life, founded on maturity. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN, 1989) was ratified in 1990. All signing states have agreed to further the right toof participation of children. However studies show that participation in socialization spaces such as school, albeit theoretically aimed at, is in fact only marginally implemented (Raby, 2008; Thornberg & Elvstrand, 2012). Often participation is limited to temporary projects and extra-curricular offerings. These approaches appear to be merely stagings of participation, which could potentially be the reason why children experience a lack of participation in school (Rieker, 2014). This paper addresses the question of how cooperative and individualized teaching can contribute to promoting participation skills.
Теоретико-методические основы подготовки студентов к научно-педагогической деятельности в среде многообразия
Authors: Турковский Веслав Иосифович
Published: June 2021

Theoretical and methodological bases of preparing students for research and teaching activities in a diverse cultural environment): The readiness of university students of pedagogical specialties for research activities are the backbone basis for professional pedagogical activity. This is determined by the complexity and contradictions of modern life, and of the socio-cultural and educational environment. The considerable creativity in a diverse environment is conditioned by a combination of negative factors. The dynamic diversity of the environment and its diverse impact on individual and social groups require a revision of the existing educational technologies, means and forms of teacher education. New systems of teaching students will be effective when they are built on leading theoretical and methodological models of professional activity.
Special Issue Editors' Introduction, Part II
Authors: Graumann Olga , Ivanov Evgeniy V.
Published: June 2021

Special Issue Editors' Introduction
«Менеджмент многообразия» в реализации стратегии инновационного развития организаций
Authors: Стадник Валентина Васильевна
Published: June 2021

The organizational conditions of diversified management implementation have been characterized. The features of heterarchy as an effective form of development of diversity inside organizations have been distinguished. The possibilities of heterarchy in a context of formation of the environment of active innovative search has been shown through decentralization of management and development of organizational interaction. It has been pointed on important role of motivational function in a realization of “diversity management” concept. It has to provide unity of goals of participants of innovative search inside particular enterprise and inside pool of enterprises.
Идивидуализация в российских школах как способ поддержания гражданской идентичности ребёнка
Authors: Егорова Екатерина Валерьевна
Published: June 2021

The present article explicates the current emphasis on identity development in Russian schools. The author discusses the notion of „identity“ based on a modern humanities discourse and defines the structure of identity. From this foundation she develops a model for the development and promotion of citizenship identity. Also included and discussed are examples of identity promotion in teaching and during extracurricular activities.
Individualität und Kooperation: Chancen und Herausforderungen gegenseitiger Ansätze
Authors: Koinova-Zöllner Julia
Published: June 2021

Education in school is the social institute for pupils which not only involves to impart knowledge, but it includes also the development of social skills. Unfortunately, it is that parents in Russia prefer for their children „family learning“ at home instead of sending them to school. The article discusses arguments in favour of cooperation between parents, teachers and science education in questions of education development. The theory of cooperation is a vital model of understanding social development instead of rivalry. It has both possibilities: development of individuality and development of mutuality by diversity. It is a way to support the reformation of education and of school. The reflexive student evaluations also nurture a positive mindset towards forms of cooperation.
Eltern, Schule, Aushandlung: Chancen und Grenzen demokratischer Schulentwicklung im Kontext von Vielfalt
Authors: Werthern Katjuscha von
Published: June 2021

In educational policy and practical school discourse, cooperation between parents and schools is generally considered important in promoting more equal-opportunity education, but is also described as difficult in terms of implementation. The relationship between schools and parents with a so-called migration background (Migrationshintergrund) is the subject of a great deal of discussion, and these parents are frequently assigned responsibility of a lack in cooperation. In this contribution, I will show that the classification of an entire group of parents as bildungsfern (literally “far from education”) is part of the problem. (This problematic term is currently used in Germany to designate those population groups that in Anglo-American discourse are labelled “educationally disadvantaged”.) Classical forms of participation such as parents’ associations are insufficient and do not live up to parental diversity. The concept of democratic school-development (Schütze & Hildebrandt 2006) tries to engage all the parents in a school to minimize exclusion and institutional hierarchies. The starting point of this study, presented here in sections, is whether this can succeed over the long term. Democratic processes of school development offer great potential to approach diversity constructively and to make schools more democratic. But such processes, it seems, can never be considered completed, but need to be seen as an ongoing development in which all participants need to be involved in ever new ways and where the aims require constant renegotiation.
„Ein Backofen voller Liebe“ – Luthers Rede von Gott im Kontext (früh)kapitalistischer Zivilisation
Authors: Orth Gottfried
Published: June 2021

Martin Luther’s writings contain a waelth of economic analyses and perspectives on the beginning capitalist changes in the economy and society of his time. In this case, his economic considerations did not pertain to areas of ethics or ethics in the area of economics, but explitely theological analyses and perspectives, ones that originated from the First Commandment: they are about god or false gods, the god of the Christian faith or the mammon of the emerging „for profit“ economy. With this, Luther takes up the Jesuanic alternative version of god or mammon emphasized in the New Testament. The author outlines Luther’s deliberations and, in the context of the „Radicalizing Reformation“ project, further calls for contemporary critical perspectives on capitalism as well as conceptions of god in the vein of and in line with Luther’s theology, which can support current faith orientations in the engagement with economic and social developments.