bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of Zanabazar’s heritage as the basis of the Mongolian style
Authors: Narandorj Orgilbold
Published: January 2025

According to the bibliographies of contemporary Western and Eastern art studies, Zanabazar’s artwork is categorized as “a school of the Sino-Tibetan style”. A comparative analysis of the style has not been conducted, even though Mongolian and some foreign experts have defined the Mongolian iconography art tradition as a Mongolian school of Buddhist art originating from G. Zanabazar. Nyam-Osoryn Tsultem, Evelina Ganevskaya, and Surun-Khanda Syrtypova were selected for the study; their evaluations and conclusions regarding the aesthetics of Undur Gegen’s artwork were examined, contrasted, and reflected in the structuralist model of the style. This is vital for the logical assessment of the Buddhist art of Mongolia and the style of Undur Gegen Zanabazar. The paper also suggests that the “Mongol style” issue may be identified by examining ancient sources.
Өндөр гэгээн Г.Занабазарын өв, “монгол хэв маяг”-ийн тухай асуудалд
Хураангуй. Орчин цагийн өрнө, дорнын урлаг судлалын ном зүйд Занабазарын ур хийцийг “Хятад-Төвөдийн хэв маягийн нэгэн дэг сургууль” гэж үзэж байна. Хэдийгээр монголын болон зарим гадаадын судлаачид монгол шүтээн урлалын уламжлалыг Г.Занабазараас угшилтай буддын урлагийн монгол дэг сургууль хэмээн томъёолсон байдаг ч хэв маягийн харьцуулсан дүн шинжилгээ хийгдээгүй. Судалгааны ажлын хүрээнд Ням-Осорын Цүлтэм, Эвелина Ганевская, Сүрүн-Ханда Сыртыпова нарыг сонгон авч Өндөр гэгээний ур хийцийн хэв шинжид хийсэн тэдний үнэлэлт, дүгнэлтийг задалж, харьцуулсан дүн шинжилгээг хийж, хэв маягийн структуралист загварлалд оруулж тусгалаа. Ингэснээр Өндөр гэгээн Занабазарын хэв маяг, буддын урлагийн монгол хэв маягийг оновчтой тодорхойлоход ач холбогдолтой юм.Мөн тус өгүүлэлд “монгол хэв маягийн” тухай асуудлыг эртний эх сурвалжуудыг судалж тогтоох боломж буй тухай таамаглалыг дэвшүүлсэн болно.
Түлхүүр үгс: Өндөр гэгээн Занабазарын ур хийц, монгол хэв маяг, монголын буддын урлаг
A study on the development of the image and content of mongolian postage stamps
Authors: Sundui Ulziimaa
Published: January 2025

Postage stamps are used in postal services, serve as a means of payment, and are unique symbols that reflect the culture, art, and history of a country. They are important elements of art, design, and communication, depicting a nation’s artistic style, historical events, natural beauty, and cultural heritage while being distributed to the public. Additionally, stamps act as a medium for communication between countries and the exchange of information in accordance with international standards. Beyond their cultural and artistic significance, postage stamps play a crucial role in expressing state policies, social trends, and economic development. The visual expression of stamps is a form of graphic design. In this research, we aim to explore the traditional styles, thematic content, and design characteristics of Mongolian stamps through observation, comparison, and semiotic analysis. This article was written to highlight the unique content and visual features of Mongolian postage stamps.
Монгол шуудангийн маркийн дүрслэл, агуулгын хөгжлийн судалгаа
Хураангуй: Шуудангийн марк нь шуудангийн үйлчилгээнд ашиглагддаг, тодорхой үнэ цэнээр баталгаажсан төлбөрийн хэрэгсэл болохоос гадна тухайн улсын соёл, урлаг, түүхийг харуулсан өвөрмөц бэлгэ тэмдэг болдог. Марк нь тухайн улсын үндэсний урлагийн хэв маяг, түүхэн үйл явдал, байгалийн үзэсгэлэнт газрууд болон соёлын өвийг дүрслэн гаргаж, олон нийтэд түгээдэг урлаг, дизайн, мэдээллийн чухал элемент юм. Түүнчлэн, улс хоорондын харилцаа холбоо, олон улсын стандартын дагуу харилцан мэдээлэл солилцох хэрэгсэл болж өгдөг. Соёл, урлагийн ач холбогдлоос гадна тухайн улс орны төрийн бодлого, нийгмийн чиг хандлага, эдийн засгийн хөгжлийг илэрхийлэх чухал үүрэгтэй юм. Маркийн дүрслэл илэрхийлэмж нь график дизайны үйл ажиллагаа бөгөөд уг судалгааны ажлаараа маркийг хэрэглэгдэхүүн болгон авч үзэн, монгол маркийн уламжлалт хэв маяг, сэдэвчилсэн агуулга, түүний хэлбэр дүрслэлийн онцлогийг ажиглалт, харьцуулалт, семиотикийн аргаар илрүүлэхийг зорилоо. Монгол марк нь агуулга болон дүрслэлийн өвөрмөц шинжүүдийг агуулж байдаг тул онцгой ач холбогдолтой гэж үзэн энэхүү өгүүллээ бичлээ.
Түлхүүр үгс: формат, зохиомж, элемент, график дизайн, хэрэглээний урлаг
Analysis of the field practice training process of the “National Folk Art” program
Authors: Munkhjargal Amarjargal
Published: January 2025

This study reports the results of field study and experiments that are part of the modern training of Mongolian music. The main goal is to observe the process and clarify the impact of field study and categorizes and documents the sequence and process of exercises carried out under the guidance of B.Odsuren during the field training sessions, providing a detailed analysis of the pedagogical approaches within. To achieve this, we conducted direct observations of the field practice sessions involving bachelor and master level students enrolled in the “National Folk Art” program at the Mongolian National University of Arts and Culture. The field practice is an annual event held every August, spanning 7-10 days, at the university’s training base, “Egshiglen” eco-camp. The main focus of observation and research is the sequence of the process of taking harmonic lessons in natural conditions according to the weather and the teachers’ guidance methods. In this study, we preferred to use “khöömii” as written in the “Regulated Dictionary of Mongolian Spelling Grammar” issued by the State Language Council of Mongolia. Based on observations and research findings, a SWOT analysis was conducted to identify the strengths and weaknesses of field practice courses, as well as to highlight challenges encountered during training exercises. Recommendations and conclusions were formulated to address these issues and propose areas for improvement in the future.
“Үндэсний язгуур урлаг” хөтөлбөрийн хээрийн дадлагын дасгал сургуулилтын үйл явцад хийсэн шинжилгээ
Хураангуй: Уг судалгааг бид монгол хөөмийн орчин цагийн мэргэжлийн сургалтын нэгэн бүрдэл болох хээрийн дадлага түүний үйл явц, дарааллыг тодруулах, тухайн орчинд хийгдэж буй дасгал сургуулилтыг үр дүн, ач холбогдлоор ангилан төрөлжүүлэх зорилгын хүрээнд гүйцэтгэв. Үүний тул Монгол Улсын Соёл урлагийн их сургуулийн “Эгшиглэн” эко зусланд зохион байгуулагдсан “Үндэсний язгуур урлаг” хөтөлбөрийн 2023, 2024 оны 2 удаагийн хээрийн дадлагын явцад ажиглалт хийв. Тодруулах гол асуудал нь дасгал сургуулилтын дараалалд учир шалтгаан байгаа эсэх, мөн тухайн дасгалыг гүйцэтгэх орчин, газар зүйн байршил, биеийн байрлал зэрэг нь хоорондоо хэрхэн хамааралтайг тодруулах явдал байв. Бид 2023 оны дадлагаар дасгал сургуулилтын үйл явцыг ерөнхий байдлаар ажигласан бол 2024 оны дадлагаар дасгал бүрийг ямар хугацаанд, ямар давтамжтай хийж буйг нарийвчлан ажиглах, зарим дасгалуудад хэмжилт хийх байдлаар судалгааны өгөгдөл мэдээллийг цуглуулав. Мэдээллийн үнэн зөв байдлыг багш, суралцагчийн фокус бүлгийн ярилцлагаар баримтжуулав. Ажиглалт, судалгааны үр дүнд SWOT шинжилгээ хийж, хээрийн дадлагын хичээл сургалтын давуу болон сул талыг тодорхойлж, дасгал сургуулилтын үйл явцад тулгарч буй асуудлыг тодруулах, цаашид сайжруулах тал дээр санал дүгнэлт гаргаж мэдээлэв.
Түлхүүр үгс: хөөмий, сургалтын арга, СВОТ шинжилгээ, хээрийн дадлага
La Proporcionalidad En Sanciones Disciplinarias Por Actos De Connotación Sexual En La Loei
Authors: Ruiz Bautista José Antonio , Checa Vivas María Elena
Published: January 2025

El principio de proporcionalidad busca el justo equilibrio entre la adopción de decisiones de la administración pública frente al actuar de los ciudadanos. En este contexto la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador ha emitido la sentencia 379-20-JP/22, que establece una tendencia favorable hacia el establecimiento de sanciones proporcionales según el actuar de los servidores públicos y sus efectos fácticos y jurídicos. El objetivo de la investigación es establecer como la aplicación del principio de proporcionalidad contribuye a fortalecer la legitimidad y eficacia de las decisiones administrativas en materia disciplinaria, para promover la justicia, equidad, respeto a los derechos en el contorno disciplinario y educativo. La metodología es la deductiva apoyada en la revisión bibliográfica. Los resultados de la investigación son que a raíz de la sentencia 379-20-JP/22, se establecen parámetros de proporcionalidad para sanciones disciplinarias en el régimen de educación secundaria. Como conclusión la sentencia ratifica la posibilidad que tiene la administración pública de establecer sanciones proporcionales frente a ilícitos administrativos.
HARAKATLI O‘YINLAR VOSITASIDA 11-13 YOSHLI MAKTAB O‘QUVCHILARINING JISMONIY MADANIYATINI SHAKLLANTIRISH
Authors: Dusyarov Salimjon
Published: January 2025

This article provides detailed information about the system of physical culture formation of 11-13-year-old schoolchildren by means of action games.
АNTROPOSENTRIZMNING JАHON VА O‘ZBEK TILSHUNOSLIGIDА TАDQIQ ETILISHI
Authors: Murtozаyevа Zаrinа
Published: January 2025

This аrticle discusses the current stаtus, views, аnd theories of аnthropocentrism, а relаtively new direction in linguistics, аnd the reseаrch of this direction by internаtionаl аnd Uzbek scholаrs.
TURKISTON MUXTORIYАTI G‘OYАSINING SHАKLLАNISHI
Authors: Boboyev Doniyor
Published: January 2025

The concept of Turkestаn Аutonomy emerged in the eаrly XX th century, аmid the politicаl аnd sociаl trаnsformаtions brought аbout by the decline of the Russiаn Empire аnd the rise of nаtionаlist movements аcross Centrаl Аsiа. This аrticle exаmines the formаtion аnd evolution of the ideа of Turkestаn Аutonomy, exploring the key intellectuаl, culturаl, аnd politicаl influences thаt shаped it. It discusses the role of Turkic intellectuаls, the impаct of the 1917 Russiаn Revolution, аnd the influence of pаn-Islаmic аnd pаn-Turkic ideologies in fostering аspirаtions for self-governаnce.
MUSTАQILLIK YILLАRIDА MАRKАZIY ОSIYО MАMLАKАTLАRINING IQTISОDIY HАMKОRLIGI TАRIXI
Authors: Eshquvаtоvа Shоdigul
Published: January 2025

This аrticle describes the histоry оf mutuаl ecоnоmic cооperаtiоn between Uzbekistаn аnd the cоuntries оf Centrаl Аsiа. The impаct оf Uzbekistаn's trаde turnоver with eаch Centrаl Аsiаn cоuntry оn the cоuntry's fоreign trаde turnоver hаs been studied. Аccоrding tо the results оf the аnаlysis, it wаs determined thаt the develоpment оf fоreign trаde relаtiоns оf Uzbekistаn with Kаzаkhstаn, Kyrgyzstаn аnd Turkmenistаn is prоmising. Tаrgeted prоpоsаls hаve been mаde tо increаse the vоlume оf trаde with these cоuntries.
Impact of Lakshmir Bhandar Scheme to Empower Women Economically at Jhargram District, West Bengal
Authors: Senapati Kalyan , Ghosh (Senapati) Sukla
Published: January 2025

The West Bengal government initiated the Lakshmi Bhandar Scheme in 2021 to give the state’s women an opportunity for financial support. The West Bengal government has introduced measures to ensure the development and prosperity of all its women through various types of schemes, such as Lakshmir Bhandar, Kannyashree, Ruposhree, etc. An admirable initiative to encourage financial inclusion among West Bengali women is the Lakshmi Bhandar Scheme. The scheme’s main goal is to give women direct cash transfers so they can get over financial obstacles and enhance their general quality of life. By providing women with increased financial power, the government intends to reduce poverty, foster gender equality, and boost the participation of women in a range of socioeconomic spheres. This research paper was carried out to measure the impact of lakshmir Bhandar scheme on empower women economically in jhargram district. This study is basically descriptive survey type in nature and it is conducted on two hundred beneficiaries of Lakshmir Bhandar scheme. A self-developed interview schedule was used to collect the data from the selected samples. The finding of the study revealed that the Lakshmir Bhandar has been important role on empowering women economically in jhargram district.
डॉ. आंबेडकरांचे शैक्षणिक विचारांचे सक्षमीकरण: काही पुनरावलोकन
Authors: Sangelkar Dr.Mugdha
Published: January 2025

गोषवारा

या पेपरमध्ये मी शिक्षण आणि सक्षमीकरण या दोन मुद्द्यांवर लक्ष केंद्रित केले आहे. सशक्तीकरण हा शब्द स्त्रीवाद्यांकडून घेतला गेला आहे आणि त्याची व्याख्या “एखाद्या व्यक्तीवर किंवा वस्तूवर कृती करण्यासाठी काहीतरी किंवा काहीही करण्याची किंवा प्रभावित करण्याची क्षमता” म्हणून केली जाते. वैयक्तिक किंवा राजकीय शक्ती वाढवण्याची ही सोपी प्रक्रिया आहे जेणेकरून व्यक्ती, कुटुंबे आणि समुदाय त्यांच्या परिस्थिती सुधारण्यासाठी कृती करू शकतील. आधुनिक समाजात शिक्षण हा शक्तीचा महत्त्वाचा आधार आहे. म्हणून, माझे समजूतदार शिक्षण आहे: शक्तीचा स्रोत आणि लोकांना सक्षम करणारी एजन्सी म्हणून. वैयक्तिक दृष्टिकोनातून, सक्षमीकरणाची व्याख्या आत्मविश्वास, अंतर्दृष्टी आणि समज आणि वैयक्तिक कौशल्ये विकसित करणे अशी केली जाते. उदाहरणार्थ, परिस्थितीचे विश्लेषण करण्यात आणि इतरांशी अधिक प्रभावीपणे संवाद साधण्यात सक्षम असणे.

Key words- डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर, शिक्षणतज्ज्ञ, समाजाचा विकास, सशक्तीकरण
कृत्रिम बुद्धिमता : समाज के विकास की दिशा में एक अनोखी पहल
Authors: KESHARWANI PUNAM
Published: January 2025

सार संक्षेप

कृत्रिम बुद्धिमता तेजी से हमारे दैनिक जीवन का अभिन्न अंग बन गया है, जो समाज के विभिन्न पहलुओं को बदल रहा है और नई संभावनाओं और अवसरों को खोल रहा है। हालांकि कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता का विकास समाज पर इसके प्रभाव और इसके व्यापक रूप से अपने जाने की संभावित परिणामों के बारे में चिंताएं भी पैदा करता है। यह शोध पत्र समाज के विभिन्न पहलुओं जैसे अर्थव्यवस्था, शिक्षा ,स्वास्थ्य सेवा, रोजगार और नैतिकता को शामिल करता है। इस लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने के लिए कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता के प्रभाव पर मौजूद शोध और डाटा की गहन समीक्षा की गई। साहित्य समीक्षा कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता के आर्थिक, सामाजिक और नैतिक निहितार्थ के साथ-साथ उनके कार्य एवं से जुड़ी चुनौतियों पर केंद्रित थी। समीक्षा में पाया गया कि कृत्रिम बुद्धिमता समाज को महत्वपूर्ण लाभ पहुंचाने की क्षमता रखता है यह एक ऐसी चुनौतियां और जोखिमों में प्रस्तुत करता है जिनका समाधान किया जाना चाहिए। यह पत्र समाज के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों जिनमें स्वास्थ्य सेवा शिक्षा और रोजगार शामिल है पर कृत्रिम बुद्धिमता के प्रभावों की चर्चा भी प्रस्तुत करता है। विश्लेषण में पाया गया कि कृत्रिम बुद्धिमता में रोगी के परिणामों को बेहतर बनाने और अधिक कुशल और प्रभावी स्वास्थ्य सेवाएं प्रदान करने की इसमें क्षमता है। यह व्यक्तिगत और अनुकूलित शिक्षक अनुभव प्रदान करके शिक्षा को भी बदल सकता है साथ ही साथ कार्यस्थल में इसके उपयोग से नौकरी के विस्थापन और आर्थिक असमानता की संभावनाओं के बारे में चिंताएं पैदा होती हैं। इसके अलावा यह सूत्र पत्र इसके अनेक नैतिक निहितार्थों मूल्यांकन भी करता है। इसमें पूर्वाग्रह गोपनीयता और पारदर्शिता जैसे मुद्दों को संबोधित करने के लिए नैतिक ढांचे और दिशा निर्देशों की आवश्यकता शामिल है। कुल मिलाकर यह शोध पत्र समाज के विभिन्न पहलुओं पर इसके प्रभावों का एक व्यापक अवलोकन प्रदान करता है इसके कार्यान्वयन से जुड़े प्रमुख रुझानों और चुनौतियों की पहचान होती है और इन मुद्दों को संबोधित करने के लिए संभावित समाधान भी प्रस्तुत होते हैं ऐसा करके यह पत्र नीति निर्माता प्रौद्योगिकी विशेषज्ञों और आम जनता को इसकी जिम्मेदारी और न्याय संगत तैनाती की दिशा में मार्गदर्शन करने में मदद करता है।

कीवर्ड: कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता, नैतिक निहितार्थ, स्वास्थ्य देखभाल, प्रभाव समाज।
UTILIZAÇÃO DA TERAPIA MANUAL EM ADULTOS INTERNADOS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Torres Luciano Gil Saldanha , Costa Brunna Gabrielli Freitas da , Lopes Lauanni Thamirys da Cruz , Carneiro Lucas Monteiro
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Analisar na literatura qual a utilização e quais são os efeitos da terapia manual em pacientes adultos internados em unidades de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Revisão de literatura acerca da utilização de Terapias Manuais em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Para a pesquisa, utilizou-se as bases de dados: Scielo, Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Cochrane, usando os descritores: (Terapia manual, Musculoskeletal Manipulations, Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulta, Intensive Care Units). Resultados: Foram encontrados 1521 artigos nas bases de dados pesquisadas a partir da combinação dos descritores, sendo que: 78 encontrados na PubMed, 865 na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, 281 na Cochrane, 297 na Scielo e 2 por meio de busca manual. De acordo com os estudos elegíveis para esta pesquisa, a utilização da terapia manual foi variada, diferindo-se em: massagem e suas derivações, mobilização de caixa torácica, facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva, apresentando resultados positivos para diversas finalidades em pacientes adultos internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Conclusão: Portanto, conclui-se que a utilização de técnicas de terapia manual nas unidades de terapia intensiva é abrangente e pode ser utilizada em diferentes perfis de pacientes.
Implementation of Recurrent Neural Network Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Model for Predicting Top-Tier Bitcoin
Authors: Adamu Yusuf Aliyu
Published: January 2025

Cryptocurrency investments are becoming increasingly popular due to their potential as digital assets, though high price volatility poses significant challenges for investment decision-making. This study employs the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model to forecast the closing prices of five prominent cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP), Binance Coin (BNB), and Dogecoin (DOGE), using historical data from Yahoo Finance spanning 2019 to 2024. The model's performance was assessed using evaluation metrics, including Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and R-squared (R²). The results demonstrate that BNB achieved the best performance, with a MAPE of 2.38% and RMSE of 17.03, followed by ETH and XRP, which recorded MAPEs of 2.51% and 2.64%, respectively. BTC exhibited the highest RMSE at 2280.73, highlighting its significant price volatility, while DOGE had the lowest RMSE at 0.01, despite recording the highest MAPE at 4.11%. Forecasts for the next six periods indicate that BTC and ETH are likely to experience gradual price increases, XRP and BNB are expected to stabilize, and DOGE will remain relatively stable with low volatility. The study concludes that the GRU model is effective for cryptocurrency price forecasting, but integrating it with fundamental and technical analysis could further enhance accuracy and support more informed investment decisions.
Time Facial Expression Recognition Using Optimized CNN Models for Behavioral and Emotional Analysis
Authors: Wirawan Komang Diva Andi , Putra I Nyoman Tri Anindia
Published: January 2025

Facial expression recognition is a significant field in human-computer interaction, aiming to analyze emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. This study develops a facial expression detection system using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to address challenges like lighting variations and facial angles. The research begins with collecting and preprocessing datasets, including FER-2013, to normalize, augment, and label images for seven emotion classes. The CNN model is designed with convolutional, pooling, and fully connected layers, optimized using ReLU activation, Adam optimizer, and categorical crossentropy loss function. Training is conducted on 80% of the dataset, with 20% for validation, achieving a validation accuracy of 91.7%. System performance is evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, and real-time testing integrated with cameras, achieving an average detection accuracy of 90%. Results demonstrate the system's robustness in detecting emotions under varying conditions, highlighting its potential for applications in security, education, and emotional therapy. Future research recommends incorporating larger datasets and advanced transfer learning methods to improve system efficiency and accuracy.
The Role of RECIST 1.1 criteria in Evaluating Response of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer to Neoadjuvant Therapy using Multiparametric MRI
Authors: El-Sharawy Abeer Ali , Mikhael Hisham Samir Wahba , Mahmoud Ahmed Moustafa , Abdel-Shaheed Fouad , Eldaly Mai Maher
Published: January 2025

Background: This study elucidates the pivotal role of using RECIST 1.1 criteria in the MRI evaluation of tumor response among patients with rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. By employing a systematic, reproducible approach to assessing therapeutic outcomes, RECIST 1.1 has become a cornerstone of evidence-based oncologic practice. Leveraging advanced imaging modalities such as multi-parametric MRI, RECIST 1.1 enables precise tumor measurement, response classification, and correlation with pathological outcomes. The findings underscore its indispensability in facilitating precision oncology, enhancing treatment planning, and optimizing patient-specific strategies.
Workplace Violence in Healthcare Professionals: Identifying Types and Risk Factors through Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Bilal M. Talha , Tahir Ghulam , Mehboob Umair , Arshad Fahad , Younas Babar , Naeem Noor-i-Kiran
Published: January 2025

Objective: This article aims to explore the types and contributory factors leading to violence against healthcare professionals in their workplace.
Methodology: This was a qualitative exploratory study, conducted after ethical approval. Data included semi-structured individual interviews of nine healthcare professionals (doctors). The interviews continued until data saturation. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, with codes assigned to maintain anonymity. Data was organized using Atlas-ti software and analyzed through thematic analysis.
Results: According to our study, workplace violence mostly occurred in emergency and psychiatric wards due to long waiting times, miscommunication, and lack of moral values among patients and their attendants. Negative factors such as insufficient personnel and equipment, communication breakdowns, reluctance to report, and improper management increased the risk of violent behavior in healthcare settings.
Conclusion: The findings from this study shed light on the critical issue of workplace violence against healthcare professionals at the Rural Healthcare Centre, Khurianwala. By addressing the root causes and implementing comprehensive preventive strategies, it is possible to create a safer and more respectful working environment for healthcare workers. This, in turn, will not only improve the well-being of medical staff but also enhance the quality of care provided to patients.
The Economics of Education: Evaluating the Impact of Digital Learning Platforms
Authors:   Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Shah Syed
Published: January 2025

Incorporating quantitative analysis, qualitative case studies, and game-theoretic modelling, this review article takes a mixed-methods approach to assess the educational and economic effects of digital learning platforms. In this study, we analyse data from a variety of global organizations to determine things like student outcomes, cost-efficiency, internet penetration, and access to digital platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The correlations between digital infrastructure and educational outcomes were investigated using statistical analyses, and the operational cost savings and scalability of digital learning were quantified using regression models. Three developing nations, namely, Brazil, India, and Kenya, that used digital learning platforms during the pandemic are examined in detail in the study. Topics covered in these case studies include the digital divide, infrastructure constraints, and the adaptability of digital platforms for disadvantaged populations, as well as the specific difficulties and triumphs encountered by each nation.

Case studies in India, Kenya, and Brazil all centre on different aspects of digital platform integration in rural schools, mobile learning solutions’ impact on expanding educational opportunities to underserved areas, and the importance of removing socioeconomic barriers from public schooling in Brazil. The strategic interactions between important stakeholders, including governments, educational institutions, students, and technology providers, were also modelled using a game-theoretic analysis. Using payoff matrices, the research shows the costs and benefits that each stakeholder considers when choosing between expensive but high-quality platforms and cheaper but lower-quality alternatives. Findings highlight the significance of stakeholder alignment and collaboration in achieving educational outcomes that are both cost-efficient in the long run and optimized for individual stakeholders.

Digital learning platforms offer considerable scalability benefits and reduce costs per student by 25–30%, as shown in this review. Consequently, they are cost-effective educational solutions. Having said that, these platforms can only succeed if digital infrastructure and institutional funding are readily available. Enrolment, retention, and student outcomes have all improved in regions with strong internet access, while areas with weak infrastructure still struggle greatly with equity in access and academic achievement. Digital infrastructure is crucial to the success of educational models worldwide. The long-term advantages for institutions and students are best achieved through strategic, high-quality investments in digital platforms.
Stručný přehled dějin astronomie v českých zemích od středověku do první poloviny 17. století
Authors: Hadravová Alena
Published: January 2025

A Brief Overview of the History of Astronomy in the Czech Lands from the Middle Ages to the First Half of the 17th Century

This work is an updated version of a paper that was supposed to be printed in a volume on the history of natural sciences a few years ago, but the volume was not published. The contribution summarizes the most important milestones in the development of astronomy from the chroniclers’ records in the 12th century through the reception and development of Alfonsine astronomy, which spread from Paris to the whole of Europe after 1320, to the teaching of astronomy at the University of Prague, founded by King Charles IV in 1348, and the astronomical codices of his son Wenceslas IV. The Prague Astronomical Clock, built in 1410, or the widely disseminated treatise on the astrolabe by Master Cristannus de Prachatice, as well as the design of an instrument for calculating eclipses by Master Jan Šindel, also deserve mention. In the period after the publication of Copernicus’ De revolutionibus, the focus is mainly on the Rudolfine period of the early 17th century, when Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler were active in Prague.
Ernst Haeckel na širém moři: Lodi NDR Ernst Haeckel I a Ernst Haeckel II jako součást dějin biologie
Authors: Porges Karl , Hoßfeld Uwe , Fließ Frank-Roland , Šimůnek Michal
Published: January 2025

Ernst Haeckel on the high seas: The GDR vessels Ernst Haeckel I and Ernst Haeckel II as part of the history of biology

The article focuses on the birth and exploitation of the two research vessels built during the existence of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) specifically for the needs of biological research of sea fishing as well as marine fauna in general. Based on preserved documents, it shows contemporary methods of work and research targeting. At the same time, the article contextualizes these activities with regard to the official tradition of the German natural science, personified here by Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919).
AKIBAT HUKUM ANAK HASIL BAYI TABUNG DAN INSEMINASI DI INDONESIA DAN FILIPINA
Authors: Hadi Andi Ibnu
Published: January 2025

Terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan peraturan hukum tentang bayi tabung dan inseminasi antara Negara Indonesia dan Filipina dan berakibat pada status dan kedudukan hukum anak. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan akibat hukum anak bayi tabung di Indonesia dan Filipina. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan komparatif dan yuridis normatif. Dari hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan dan persamaan akibat hukum bagi anak bayi tabung dan Inseminasi di Indonesia dan Filipina baik dari aspek hukum Perdata maupun dari Aspek hukum pidana.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP SISWI KELAS XI DALAM PENANGANAN DISMENOREA DI SMK NEGERI 1 TONDANO
Authors: Safira Eka , Pangkerego Sofietje , Walanda Irwan
Published: January 2025

Dismenorea adalah nyeri haid yang sering dialami oleh perempuan, terutama pada masa remaja. Pengetahuan dan sikap yang tepat mengenai manajemen Dismenorea sangat penting untuk mengurangi dampaknya terhadap kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, banyak remaja perempuan yang masih memiliki pengetahuan yang terbatas dan sikap yang kurang tepat dalam menghadapi kondisi ini.Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap siswi kelas XI terhadap manajemen Dismenorea di SMK Negeri 1 Tondano.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional.Penelitian dilakukan di SMK Negeri 1 Tondano pada bulan Februari-Maret tahun 2024. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 102 siswi dengan sampel yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 81 responden yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling.Variabel Independen tingkat pengetahuan dan variabel dependen sikap siswi remaja putri. Hasil: ada hubungan yang signifikan antara hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap siswi dengan nilai signifikasi 0.011 < 0.05 yang artinya terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap siswi kelas IX SMK Negeri 1 Tondano dalam penanganan Dismenoreadengan hasil koefisienCorrelationSpearman rho sebesar 0.281. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap siswi terhadap manajemen Dismenorea.
Theconcept Of Multiculturalimse In Major Religions In Indonesia
Authors: Sukardiman
Published: January 2025

Indonesia is known as a plural and multicultural country in all aspects of culture, race, ethnicity, language and religion. So that Multiculturalism can provide an understanding of how to behave in the midst of diversity. Misunderstanding will result in potential conflict, especially that which often occurs between religious communities, so understanding the concept of multiculturalism in all religions is very important. (1) Islam, sees diversity as a necessity from God, because humans were created into tribes, nations, and many religions to get to know each other or learn from each other. (2) Christian, many Bible verses talk about multiculturalism related to compassion between fellow human beings, for example Psalm 133, Galatians 3:28, Matthew: 22:37-40. (3) Catholic, one history explains how in the Second Vatican Council, the Church opened itself to the potential for truth in other religions, so that inclusivity became the key to dialogue with other religions, (4) Hinduism is the same, many of their holy texts explain the importance of maintaining peace in the midst of diversity, for example Arthavaveda III. 8.5 and Artahavaveda III. 30.4. there is also the concept of Ahimsa, Vasudeva Kutumbhakam, Tri Kaya Parisudha, Tri Hita Karana, Satyam Siwam Sundaram, catur paramita. (5) Buddhism is the same as other religions, the greatest enemy is not other groups, but oneself is the greatest enemy in creating peace on earth, (6) Confucianism also teaches about wisdom in behaving towards other religions. The application of multicultural values ​​from all religions certainly needs to be implemented to face challenges in the midst of a multicultural society, such as attitudes of intolerance, misinterpretation or using religion as a tool to destroy other groups by providing multicultural education in the world of education and based on religious figures in each religion.
A Review Of Mircea Eliade's Perspective On The Sacred Symbols Of The Ka'bah And The Cross
Authors: Vera Sari  , Lalu Pradipta Jaya Bahari
Published: January 2025

Symbols of sacredness such as the Kaaba and the cross play a central role in Islamic and Christian traditions, representing spiritual, theological, and sociocultural aspects. This research examines the sacred dimensions of these two symbols using the perspective of Mircea Eliade, known for his phenomenological approach to understanding religion and symbolism. The main issues raised are how the Kaaba and the cross can become sacred centers of spirituality, and how their symbolic meanings are understood in a cross-religious and cultural context. This research explores the meaning and function of the Kaaba and cross symbols, using a qualitative method based on comparative studies. Data collection techniques were conducted through a literature review that included books, academic articles, and other relevant documents. Data were analyzed through the classification, reduction, and interpretation stages, focusing on the relationship of these symbols to religious experience and socio-cultural context. The results show that the Kaaba, as the center of Muslim worship, is a symbol of spiritual unity associated with monotheism, while the cross in the Christian tradition symbolizes victory over sin and death, and is central to the sacrificial theology of Jesus Christ. Both symbols function as manifestations of hierophany, as per Eliade's theory, which creates a sacred space in the midst of worldly life. The research also reveals the role of the Kaaba and the cross as a means of forming the collective identity of their respective communities, whose relevance is maintained despite the challenges of modernity.
Bridging Theory and Practice: Enhancing Teacher Preparedness through Action Research in Norway
Authors: Butt Junaid , Kousar Farzana
Published: January 2025

This research article explores how action research empowers educators and boosts their readiness to excel in Norway's dynamic educational landscape. With a growing emphasis on evidence-based teaching practices, the integration of research training into teacher education programs has become increasingly crucial. This study explores how action research serves as a bridge between theoretical knowledge and classroom practice, empowering educators to critically reflect on their teaching methods and implement evidence-based strategies. Drawing on data collected from experienced teachers engaged in action research projects, this paper examines the impact of such initiatives on teacher professional development and student learning outcomes. Through empirical investigations and case studies, this research explores the impact of inquiry-based learning, blended learning approaches, differentiated instruction, and authentic assessment on student learning outcomes. Furthermore, it investigates the integration of research training into teacher education programs, the role of mentorship in teacher development, and the effectiveness of professional development initiatives in empowering educators. Findings highlight the value of action research in fostering a culture of continuous improvement within Norwegian schools, facilitating collaborative learning communities, and ultimately enhancing teacher efficacy and student achievement. Implications for teacher education programs and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Idea odpowiedzialnego kredytowania na rynku niebankowych kredytów konsumenckich w Polsce
Authors:   Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Rutkowska-Tomaszewska Edyta
Published: January 2025

W rzeczywistości pokryzysowej, wobec dużej skali zjawiska nadmiernego zadłużania się konsumentów i jego negatywnych skutków zarówno w wymiarze indywidualnym, jak i globalnym, problem odpowiedzialnego kredytowania przez kredytodawców i odpowiedzialnego pożyczania przez konsumentów staje się coraz donioślejszy. Jest to istotne, z uwagi na generowanie ryzyka kredytowego, systemowego, a także negatywne skutki społeczne. Idea ta przestaje mieć formę jedynie postulatu, lecz staje się przedmiotem regulacji i szeroko rozumianego orzecznictwa. Jest ona realizowana przez prawidłowe badanie zdolności kredytowej konsumenta przez kredytodawców, tak przed udzieleniem kredytu, jak i w trakcie trwania kredytowania oraz informowanie go o warunkach umowy kredytowej, w tym w szczególności o ponoszonych przez niego kosztach, jak i konsekwencjach prawnych oraz ekonomicznych niewykonywania tej umowy przez konsumenta. Celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie idei odpowiedzialnego kredytowania jedynie po stronie kredytodawców, jakimi są niebankowe instytucje pożyczkowe, bez analizowania odpowiedzialnego pożyczania przez kredytobiorców konsumentów, sposobów jej realizacji oraz egzekwowania i stosowania w praktyce.
South Korean videogame narratives: exploring historical trauma through interactive memory
Authors: Trigo Maldonado Álvaro
Published: January 2025

In contemporary times, video games have evolved from mere entertainment to forms of artistic expression, prompting increased academic scrutiny of their narratives and cultural significance. South Korea has emerged as a global hub for competitive e-sports, particularly within its vibrant Internet Café (PC Bang) culture; yet, the recognition of its video game industry’s significance, especially in the mobile sector, has only recently come to light.

This research explores the interplay of hegemony and memory in East Asian video games. It examines how the dominance of the United States and Japan shapes the narratives and tropes found in triple-A titles. Additionally, it investigates how the economic rise of countries like South Korea empowers them to challenge prevailing discourses, especially regarding historical events such as the Japanese Colonial Rule.

It analyses contemporary Korean independent video games that engage with painful national memories, examining how these games convey historical narratives and their significance in shaping collective memory. Additionally, the study explores the potential impact of these narratives on users, offering insights into the evolving landscape of video games as potential carriers of historical memory.
Neural evidence of functional compensation for fluid intelligence in healthy ageing
Authors: Knights Ethan , Henson Richard N , Morcom Alexa , Mitchell Daniel J , Tsvetanov Kamen A
Published: January 2025

Functional compensation is a common notion in the neuroscience of healthy ageing, whereby older adults are proposed to recruit additional brain activity to compensate for reduced cognitive function. However, whether this additional brain activity in older participants actually helps their cognitive performance remains debated. We examined brain activity and cognitive performance in a human lifespan sample (N = 223) while they performed a problem-solving task (based on Cattell’s test of fluid intelligence) during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain univariate analysis revealed that activity in bilateral cuneal cortex for hard vs. easy problems increased both with age and with performance, even when adjusting for an estimate of age-related differences in cerebrovascular reactivity. Multivariate Bayesian decoding further demonstrated that age increased the likelihood that activation patterns in this cuneal region provided non-redundant information about the two task conditions, beyond that of the multiple demand network generally activated in this task. This constitutes some of the strongest evidence yet for functional compensation in healthy ageing, at least in this brain region during visual problem-solving.
Wavenumber-dependent transmission of subthreshold waves on electrical synapses network model of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chang Iksoo , Chung Taegon , Kim Sangyeol
Published: January 2025

Recent experimental studies showed that electrically coupled neural networks like in mammalian inferior olive nucleus generate synchronized rhythmic activity by the subthreshold sinusoidal-like oscillations of the membrane voltage. Understanding the basic mechanism and its implication of such phenomena in the nervous system bears fundamental importance and requires preemptively the connectome information of a given nervous system. Inspired by these necessities of developing a theoretical and computational model to this end and, however, in the absence of connectome information for the inferior olive nucleus, here we investigated interference phenomena of the subthreshold oscillations in the reference system Caenorhabditis elegans for which the structural anatomical connectome was completely known recently. We evaluated how strongly the sinusoidal wave was transmitted between arbitrary two cells in the model network. The region of cell-pairs that are good at transmitting waves changed according to the wavenumber of the wave, for which we named a wavenumber-dependent transmission map. Also, we unraveled that (1) the transmission of all cell-pairs disappeared beyond a threshold wavenumber, (2) long distance and regular patterned transmission existed in the body-wall muscles part of the model network, and (3) major hub cell-pairs of the transmission were identified for many wavenumber conditions. A theoretical and computational model presented in this study provided fundamental insight for understanding how the multi-path constructive/destructive interference of the subthreshold oscillations propagating on electrically coupled neural networks could generate wavenumber-dependent synchronized rhythmic activity.
Genetic analysis of Pinna rudis L 1758 (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pinnidae) in the Northwest Cabo Verde Islands (Central-East Atlantic)
Authors: Lopes Evandro P. , Santos Sarah , Xavier Raquel , Santos Joana L. , Cabezas M. Pilar , Sequeira Fernando , Santos António M.
Published: January 2025

The rough pen shell Pinna rudis Linnaeus, 1758 (family Pinnidae) is a mollusc with an Atlantic–Mediterranean distribution, typically inhabiting coarse sandy substrates. Habitat degradation is considered the primary cause of population decline, leading to the designation ‘Vulnerable’ in certain regions. In this study, we conducted a genetic analysis of populations of P. rudis from Cabo Verde and compared them with populations from the Mediterranean and Macaronesia. We based our analysis on two mitochondrial DNA markers, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA, and one nuclear marker, 28S rRNA. The results showed a strong genetic structuring among Macaronesia populations, with each island tending to have unique or exclusive haplotypes, though some sharing occurred between islands. We found significant genetic divergence between the population from Cabo Verde and the other sampled population, suggesting that P. rudis is not monotypic, but may include several cryptic species. Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis, including all Pinnidae species, indicated that P. rudis from Gorée Island (Senegal) and Baía das Gatas (São Vicente Island) might be undergoing speciation. The high genetic structure found for P. rudis could be influenced by hydrodynamic barriers, local currents and hydrographic isolation, in association with the short larval duration (planktotrophic) reported for this species. Altogether, our findings highlight significant genetic divergence in P. rudis populations, possibly supporting speciation events in the Cabo Verde archipelago among widely distributed taxonomic groups.
Comparative Evaluation of Tear Film and Corneal Surface in Chronic Smokers and Non Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dabas Ruchi , Kumari Meena , Rathi Manisha , Dahiya Monika , Yadav Rajni , Sachdeva Sumit
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Tobacco smoking is the primary avoidable cause of mortality, resulting in the deaths of seven million people worldwide annually. Tobacco smoke is a well-documented ocular irritant that exacerbates Dry Eye Disease (DED) and its associated symptoms.

Aim: To compare tear film and corneal surface parameters in chronic smokers and non smokers.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among chronic smokers and non smokers presenting at a tertiary eye care centre in Northern India. A total of 80 subjects were included in the study and divided into two groups of 40 subjects each, comprising group A (chronic smokers) and group B (non smokers). All participants underwent a series of measurements: Schirmer I test, Tear Breakup Time (TBUT), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell count using specular microscopy.

Results: The mean age of smokers was 50.15±6.89 years, whereas the mean age of non smokers was 49.25±6.39 years, with a significant male preponderance. The dry eye parameters, such as the Schirmer I test and TBUT, were significantly lower in smokers compared to non smokers, with a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.001). Similarly, CCT and endothelial cell count were significantly lower in smokers than in non smokers, with a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.001).

Conclusion: The study highlights the detrimental effects of smoking on ocular surface health. Smoking predisposes users to DED due to lower tear production and an unstable tear film.
Determinants of Regional Asymmetry in Inheritance and Gift Tax in Spain
Authors:   University of Castilla-La Mancha, CAÑAVERAS ROSA MARÍA , TEJADA ÁNGEL ,   University of Castilla-La Mancha, SÁNCHEZ MARÍA PILAR ,   University of Castilla-La Mancha, LÓPEZ MARÍA DEL MAR ,   University of Castilla-La Mancha
Published: January 2025

Based on the hypothesis that there is an asymmetry in the tax burden of the Inheritance and Gift Tax
in the different Spanish regions, the internal and external factors that determine its design and the tax burden exerted in each region were analyzed. Two models have been used for this purpose, logistic
regression, and the ordinary least squares model. Economic, demographic, and fiscal policy variables
are variables that affect both variables and explain the differences existing in the regions.
Exploring the Power of Intrinsic Motivation for Salespeople: The Case of Bangladesh Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammed , Alam Zahurul
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to theoretically examine how the power of intrinsic motivation can significantly influence and improve the performance of pharmaceutical sales teams, particularly amidst challenges like regulatory complexities and intense competition. To examine various intrinsic motivators that can enhance the sales performance of the sales teams, this study relied on existing literature from theoretical and empirical studies. The findings indicate that to the extent that salespeople perceive their work as meaningful and engage positively with clients and the supervisors employ positive motivational strategies like granting autonomy, speaking positively, and nurturing client relationships, their intrinsic motivation increases similar to nurturing good trees (representing intrinsic motivators with stability), rather than bad trees (representing unstable extrinsic motivators), thereby boosting their overall performance. The scientific community, especially the healthcare professional and pharmaceuticals industry will benefit from reviewing this study since the study focuses on intrinsic motivation of the salespeople in the pharmaceuticals field. This study shows a direct link between the pharmaceuticals and healthcare professionals. The paper identifies the power of intrinsic motivation as instrumental in influencing the effectiveness and success of pharmaceutical salespeople in Bangladesh. The paper concludes with implications, recommendations, and directions for further research based on these findings.