bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical mechanism of super-deep penetration of solid microparticles into solid targets
Authors: Qi Chengzhi , Chen Jianjie
Published: May 2014

The phenomenon of super-deep penetration of solid microparticles into solid targets under shock has not been interpreted convincingly until now. The concept of highly excited states, developed by V.E. Panin and others, has opened a new path for the interpretation of this phenomenon. According to this concept, under the condition of a highly excited state, the number of allowable structure states in crystals significantly exceeds the number of atoms, i.e., in crystals, new degrees of freedom arise. Highly excited crystals become, in essence, a superposition of several structures. Therefore, in highly excited states, the material of target may be looked at as a system of weakly interacting particles. The application of the theory of a system of weakly interacting particles in this article shows that when the velocity of penetrating particles exceeds the velocity of the thermal motion of particles of the target material, the friction coefficient is inversely proportional to the third power of the relative velocity of penetrating particles. In this way, the effect of losing friction in the penetration of solid particles into solid targets is interpreted.
A computational mechanics perspective on long-range interactions in gradient elasticity with microinertia
Authors: Askes Harm , Gitman Inna M.
Published: May 2014

Penalty functions, used in computational mechanics, can provide an interpretation of the effects of the spatial gradients in continuum mechanics. In particular, the use of mass penalties and the use of microinertia terms in gradient elasticity lead to the identical systems of equations. Thus, an alternative perspective on the long-range interactions due to gradient activity is provided. This is illustrated with a numerical example.
Some considerations on the apodotic uses of atque and et (2nd c. BC–2nd c. AD)
Authors: Galdi Giovanbattista
Published: May 2014

This paper deals with the phenomenon often referred to as “parahypotaxis,” that is, with the cases in which an adverbial phrase is linked to the matrix clause by means of a copulative conjunction that “breaks” the hypotactic nexus, e.g., Gel. 2,29,8:
Ramadan fasting and pregnancy: implications for fetal development in summer season
Authors: Sakar Mehmet Nafi , Gultekin Huseyin , Demir Bulent , Bakir Vuslat Lale , Balsak Deniz , Vuruskan Erkut , Acar Hicran , Yucel Oguz , Yayla Murat
Published: May 2014

Aims: In the Islamic religion, Ramadan is a month in the year that is passed by fasting. Healthy adult individuals are prohibited to eat, drink, and smoke from sunrise to sunset. In the present study, our aim was to assess the relation of Ramadan fasting with fetal development and maternal-fetal Doppler indices in pregnant women.

Methods: This is a prospective case-control study carried out in the month of Ramadan in 2013 (9 July–7 August). One hundred and six pregnant women at the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were enrolled into the study. The sample size of the fasting group was 83 and the non-fasting group sample size was also 83. Fetal biometric measurements, such as biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, estimated fetal weight, amniotic fluid index, and Doppler indices of both uterine and umbilical arteries were evaluated by gray scala and color Doppler ultrasound at the beginning and end of Ramadan.

Results: At the end of the Ramadan, increase in biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length showed a statistically significant difference from initial measurements (P<0.05). When fasting and non-fasting groups were compared separately, an increase in amniotic fluid index was statistically significant in the non-fasting group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: We demonstrated some adverse effects of Ramadan fasting on fetal development. In the Islamic religion, pregnant individuals have the privilege of not fasting; therefore, they should consider postponing fasting to the postpartum period, especially in the summer season. If they are willing to do so, an appropriate nutritional program should be recommended.
First trimester tricuspid regurgitation and fetal abnormalities
Authors: Wiechec Marcin , Nocun Agnieszka , Wiercinska Ewa , Beithon Jill , Knafel Anna
Published: May 2014

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common sonographic finding during the fetal life. It has been reported in 7% of normal fetuses. It may be associated with aneuploidy and with both cardiac and extracardiac defects.

In this study, we have looked at the characteristics of fetuses with and without TR at 11

The study group included women, who underwent an ultrasound examination at 11–13

Some 1075 patients met our inclusion criteria including 979 fetuses without TR and 96 with TR. There were 72 cases of aneuploidy diagnosed (6.7%). Isolated TR was found in 53 euploid fetuses (5.2%). All of the TR(+) aneuploid fetuses (n=40) had additional ultrasound markers present. Extracardiac anatomy showed a higher prevalence of abnormalities in the group of TR positives (12.5%) vs. TR negatives (1.6%). Abnormal cardiac findings were more frequent in the TR-positive group independently of chromosomal status and were found in 18.8% of fetuses with TR and in 1.9% with a normal tricuspid flow.

TR in combination with other markers is the strongest predictor for aneuploidy. TR, as an isolated parameter, is a poor screening tool both for all and for each individual chromosomal abnormality and congenital cardiac defects.
Controversial clinical practices for patients with preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome: a survey
Authors: Basaran Ahmet , Basaran Mustafa , Basaran Betul , Sen Cihat , Martin James N.
Published: May 2014

Background: Considerable controversy continues to surround the management of severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Experts, researchers, and those published in the field were surveyed about their specific practices.

Materials and methods: An extensive literature search was undertaken to identify the cohort of authors with recent publications on the subjects of preeclampsia (2009–2012) and HELLP syndrome (2005–2012). Online surveys were sent to all authors using the email addresses found in their publications.

Results: Surveys were delivered by email to 363 authors of preeclampsia publications and 91 authors of HELLP syndrome publications. Completed surveys were received from 61 (13.4%) of the group. Except for consensus about the indication of corticosteroids for the enhancement of fetal lung maturation, there was considerable variation in corticosteroid practice and anesthesia techniques.

Conclusions: A marked diversity in practice characterized the clinical care rendered by experts in the field of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Thus, there is an urgent need for well-designed and executed prospective clinical trials to improve the evidence for best consensus practice in this area of obstetrical medicine.
The Media Discourse of Land Grabbing and Resistance During Myanmar’s Legal Reformation: The Monywa Copper Mine
Authors: Zerrouk Emel , Neef Andreas
Published: May 2014

This study is conducted using a legal and an in-text media study approach in order to deconstruct the discourse of land grabbing around the Monywa Copper Mine. Its aim is to analyze the discourse surrounding the resistance to expansion and to shed light on the current trends and any new opportunities that may exist in reforming Myanmar. To this end, we explore the limits of local resistance and draw lessons that can be applied to the increasing cases of land grabbing around the country. The expansion of the Monywa copper mine, the nation’s largest, located on the Letpadaung mountain range, north of Naypidaw, Myanmar, affects some 26 villages in the area and creates further concerns over land grabbing. Mining operations in the area have been growing since the 1980s, the project being the result of a joint investment by the government and international extraction companies. Similar projects on other ranges nearby have left the surrounding areas polluted and unproductive. Since July 2012, the local communities surrounding the Monywa copper mines have been protesting the rush of recent land grabbing, “insufficient” compensation and the environmental damage related to the project. Their resistance gained considerable momentum, peaking in November 2012 and escalating in clashes with local authorities, but diminishing with the launching of an investigative committee, a benchmark achievement. Against the backdrop of Myanmar’s legal reformation, these activities are both shaping and being shaped by the shifting political, institutional and social currents of the country.
Variability in English vowels is comparable in articulation and acoustics
Authors: Noiray Aude , Iskarous Khalil , Whalen D. H.
Published: May 2014

The nature of the links between speech production and perception has been the subject of longstanding debate. The present study investigated the articulatory parameter of tongue height and the acoustic F1–F0 difference for the phonological distinction of vowel height in American English front vowels. Multiple repetitions of /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ/ in [(h)Vd] sequences were recorded in seven adult speakers. Articulatory (ultrasound) and acoustic data were collected simultaneously to provide a direct comparison of variability in vowel production in both domains. Results showed idiosyncratic patterns of articulation for contrasting the three front vowel pairs /i-ɪ/, /e-ɛ/, and /ɛ-æ/ across subjects, with the degree of variability in vowel articulation comparable to that observed in the acoustics for all seven participants. However, contrary to what was expected, some speakers showed reversals for tongue height for /ɪ/-/e/ that were also reflected in acoustics, with F1 higher for /ɪ/ than for /e/. The data suggest the phonological distinction of height is conveyed via speaker-specific articulatory-acoustic patterns that do not strictly match features descriptions. However, the acoustic signal is faithful to the articulatory configuration that generated it, carrying the crucial information for perceptual contrast.
Perception of voicing and place of articulation in labial and alveolar English stop consonants
Authors: Silbert Noah H.
Published: May 2014

Distinctive features define a multidimensional structure that must be implemented in speech production and perception. A multilevel Gaussian General Recognition Theory model is presented as a model of multidimensional feature perception. The model is fit to data from three experiments probing identification of noise-masked, naturally-produced labial and alveolar English stop consonants [p], [b], [t], and [d] in onset (syllable-initial) and coda (syllable-final) position. The results indicate systematic perceptual deviations from simple place and voicing structure in individual subjects and at the group level. Comparing onset and coda positions shows that syllable position modulates the deviation patterns, and comparing speech-shaped noise and multi-talker babble indicates that deviations from simple feature structure are reasonably robust to variation in noise characteristics. Possible causes of the observed perceptual confusion patterns are discussed, and extensions of this work to studies of feature structure in speech production and investigation of non-native speech perception are briefly outlined.
The criterion of hypothesis testing on the covariance function of a Gaussian stochastic process
Authors: Kozachenko Yuriy V. , Sergiienko Mykola P.
Published: May 2014

We consider a square Gaussian stochastic process. Estimates of the distribution of some functional of this process are obtained. Tests for a hypothesis concerning the form of the covariance function of a Gaussian stochastic process are constructed.
Crystal structure of 8-(2-methylphenyl)-11-[(E)-(2-methylphenyl)- methylidene]-14-hydroxy-3,13-diazaheptacyclo- [13.7.1.9,13.02,9.02,14.03,7.019,23]tetracosa-1(22),15,17,19(23),20-pentaen-10- one methanol monosolvate, C37H34N2O2-CH3OH, C38H38N2O3
Authors: Almansour Abdulrahman Ibrahim , Kumar Raju Suresh , Arumugam Natarajan , Nagalakshmi Ramachandran Aruna , Suresh Janakiraman
Published: May 2014

C38H38N2O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.3562(2) Å, b = 17.0817(4) Å, c = 15.2368(3) Å, β = 93.539(1)°, V = 2950.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0498, wRref(F2) = 0.1133, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of isobutyl 3-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,3,5-triazin-1(2H)-yl) propanoate, C10H16N4O3
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Zhaolun , Song Xia , Liu Jian-Ping
Published: May 2014

C10H16N4O3, triclinic, P1 (No. 2), a = 5.7929(8) Å, b = 7.348(1) Å, c = 14.222(2) Å, α = 98.649(3)°, β = 91.512(3)°, γ = 102.139(3)°, V = 584.1 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0390, wRref(F2) = 0.1469, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of the inorganic-organic hybrid material tris(N,Nʹ- dimethylethylenediammonium) bis(hexachloridorhodate(III)) dihydrate, C6H23Cl6N3ORh
Authors: Bujak Maciej , Frank Walter
Published: May 2014

C6H23Cl6N3ORh, triclinic, P1¯ (no. 2), a = 6.9907(2) Å, b = 7.7437(3) Å, c = 15.8733(5) Å, α = 78.590(3)°, β = 89.035(2)°, γ = 85.304(2)°, V = 839.5 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0292, wRref(F2) = 0.0585, T = 295 K.
Crystal structure of cis-diiodidobis(quinoline-κN)platinum(II), C18H14I2N2Pt
Authors: Ha Kwang
Published: May 2014

C18H14I2N2Pt, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 18.803(1) Å, b = 9.1761(5) Å, c = 11.6537(7) Å, β = 112.260(1)°, V = 1860.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0307, wRref(F2) = 0.0685, T = 200 K.
Enoxaparin-immobilized poly(ε-caprolactone)- based nanogels for sustained drug delivery systems
Authors: Haroun Ahmed A. , El Nahrawy Amany M. , Maincent Philipe
Published: May 2014

Enoxaparin-immobilized gelatin/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) or Eudragit® RS230D nanogels in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as polycondensation reagent were designed and characterized for their sustained drug delivery ability. Enoxaparin (anti-Xa 1000 UI/mL) was used as a model drug at different concentrations (300, 500, and 1000 UI/mL). The resulting nanogels were prepared using sol-gel technique and analyzed using several analytical tools such as: thermal analysis (DSC and TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmitting electron microscopes (SEM and TEM). In addition to particle size, zeta potential and in vitro release profiles were also investigated. A burst effect was observed, afterwards, the release rate became steady. The immobilization of enoxaparin into the gel network led to the formation of stable nanogels with ionic functional groups, which enable the efficient loading and sustainable release. The preliminary results showed that enoxaparin-immobilized PCL-based nanogels in this study can be utilized in the design of a sustained delivery system.
Thienothiophene-benzotriazole-based semicrystalline linear copolymers for organic field effect transistors
Authors: Yum Seungjib , An Tae Kyu , Wang Xiaowei , Uddin Mohammad Afsar , Nguyen Thanh Luan , Xu Shuhao , Ryu Hwasook , Kim Yu Jin , Hwang Sungu , Park Chan Eon , Woo Han Young
Published: May 2014

A series of thienothiophene-benzotriazole-based semicrystalline copolymers, PTTBTz, PTTBTz-F, and PTTBTz-OR, were synthesized by considering chain linearity, planarity and inter-chain packing by virtue of non-covalent attractive interaction. Fluorine and alkoxy substituents were introduced to modulate the intra- and inter-chain coulombic interactions and crystalline ordering. The fluorine and alkoxy-substituted PTTBTz-F and PTTBTz-OR showed pronounced inter-chain packing with edge-on orientation confirmed by UV-vis absorption and X-ray diffraction measurements. The well-resolved diffraction patterns were obtained for PTTBTz-F and PTTBTz-OR, showing (100)∼(500) inter-lamellar scattering peaks (d-spacing, 17∼18 Å) in the out-of-plane direction and a π-π stacking peak (d-spacing, 3.5∼4.1 Å) in the in-plane direction. Organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices were fabricated with a bottom gate and top contact geometry. PTTBTz-F (μh = 4.49 × 10–2 cm2 V–1 s–1, on/off ratio = 1.13 × 107) and PTTBTz-OR (μh = 8.39 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1, on/off ratio = 2.98 × 104) showed nearly 3 and 2 orders of magnitude higher hole mobility upon annealing at 305 and 260 °C, with compared to the unsubstituted PTTBTz.
Myoblast differentiation on growth factor-immobilized polycaprolactone microparticles: a potential bioactive bulking agent for fecal incontinence
Authors: Ho Kim Tae , Heang Oh Se , Kang Sung Bum , Ho Lee Jin
Published: May 2014

Fecal incontinence (FI), caused by damage or weakness of the anal sphincter, is a devastating problem for patients experiencing the symptom. Although injectable bulking agents are accepted as a minimally invasive therapeutic technique to treat FI, their short-term efficacy and inability to enhance the anal sphincter function are considered as challenges in clinical practices. In this study, growth factor [nerve growth factor (NGF) and/or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)]-immobilized polycaprolactone (PCL) microparticles were prepared as an injectable bioactive bulking agent that can provide a bulking effect (by microparticles) and stimulate myoblast differentiation or injured muscles around the anus (by the sustained release of growth factors) to enhance the sphincter function for the effective treatment of FI. Pluronic F127-entrapped PCL microparticles were prepared by an isolated particle-melting method. Two different growth factors (NGF and bFGF) were incorporated on the surfaces of the Pluronic F127-entrapped PCL microparticles via heparin binding. The growth factors immobilized on the microparticles were released in a sustained manner over 4 weeks. From cell cultures on the growth factor-immobilized microparticles, it was observed that the myoblasts adhered on the microparticle surfaces showed differences in differentiation into myotubes depending on the growth factor type. In particular, the dual NGF/bFGF-immobilized microparticle group was effective for myogenic differentiation in comparison with the single growth factor (NGF or bFGF)-immobilized groups. The dual NGF/bFGF-immobilized microparticles are suitable to be applied as an injectable bulking agent for the treatment of FI.
Applications of Raman spectroscopy to the urinary bladder for cancer diagnostics
Authors: Kerr Laura T. , Domijan Katarina , Cullen Ivor , Hennelly Bryan M.
Published: May 2014

Biomolecular changes associated with cancer progression can be identified using Raman spectroscopy, allowing for this technique to be utilized as a non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Applications of Raman spectroscopy for diagnostics in real-time have consistently produced higher sensitivities and specificities than current clinical methods. This technique can be applied
Modelling of niobium sorption on clay minerals in
sodium and calcium perchlorate solutions
Authors: Ervanne Heini , Hakanen Martti , Lehto Jukka
Published: May 2014

The sorption behaviour of niobium on kaolinite and illite minerals in sodium and calcium perchlorate solutions was evaluated with use
of the mass distribution coefficient, R
d, obtained in batch sorption experiments. Very high distribution coefficient
values, about 100 m3/kg, were obtained for both minerals in the neutral pH range between 6 and 8. Values were somewhat
lower at pH 5. In NaClO4 solution, the sorption of niobium starts to decrease at pH higher than 8. This is in agreement with
the increase, with pH, in the proportion of anionic niobate species, which are presumed to be low or non-sorbing. A similar decrease
was not observed in Ca(ClO4)2 solution, probably owing to the influence of Ca on niobium solution speciation and surface
species. The surface complexation model was applied to model the R
d values. The model fitted well for the NaClO4
solution but only at pH below 9 for the Ca(ClO4)2 solution. The discrepancy between the strong sorption of niobium in
calcium-bearing solution at high pH and the calculated speciation is due in part to the non-inclusion of calcium niobate solution
species and Ca-Nb compounds in the present NEA and other similar thermodynamic databases.
A route for polonium 210 production from alpha-particle irradiated bismuth-209 target
Authors: Younes Ali , Montavon Gilles , Alliot Cyrille , Mokili Marcel , Haddad Ferid , Deniaud David , Champion Julie
Published: May 2014

A method is proposed for production of polonium-210 via the 209Bi(α, 3n)210At nuclear
reaction. Bombardment of a bismuth-209 target was performed with a 37 MeV alpha-particle beam that leads to the production
of astatine-210 (T
1/2 = 8.1 h), which decays to polonium-210. It is purified from the bismuth target matrix by employing
liquid–liquid extraction using tributyl phosphate (TBP) in para-xylene from 7 M hydrochloric acid. Back extraction
of polonium-210 was performed by 9 M nitric acid. This method allows to purify a tracer amount of Po-210
(2.6 · 10
–13 mol) from macroscopic amount of Bi (2.8 · 10
–2 mol).
The solubility of 242PuO2 in the presence of aqueous Fe(II): the impact of precipitate preparation
Authors: Felmy Andrew R. , Moore Dean A. , Buck Edgar , Conradson Steven D. , Kukkadapu Ravi , Sweet Lucas , Abrecht David , Ilton Eugene S.
Published: May 2014

The solubility of different forms of precipitated 242PuO2(am) were examined in solutions containing aqueous Fe(II) over
a range of pH values. The first series of 242PuO2(am) suspensions were prepared from a 242Pu(IV) stock that
had been treated with thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) to remove the 241Am originating from the decay of
241Pu. These 242PuO2(am) suspensions showed much higher solubilities at the same pH value and Fe(II)
concentration than previous studies using 239PuO2(am). X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy of the
precipitates showed a substantially reduced Pu–Pu backscatter over that previously observed in 239PuO2(am) precipitates,
indicating that the 242PuO2(am) precipitates purified using TTA lacked the long range order previously found
in239PuO2(am) precipitates. The Pu(IV) stock solution was subsequently repurified using an ion exchange resin and an
additional series of 242PuO2(am) precipitates prepared. These suspensions showed higher redox potentials and total
aqueous Pu concentrations than the TTA purified stock solution. The higher redox potential and aqueous Pu concentrations were in
general agreement with previous studies on 242PuO2(am) precipitates, presumably due to the removal of possible organic
compounds originally present in the TTA purified stock. 242PuO2(am) suspensions prepared with both stock solutions
showed almost identical solubilities in Fe(II) containing solutions even though the initial aqueous Pu concentrations before the
addition of Fe(II) were orders of magnitude different. By examining the solubility of 242PuO2(am) prepared from both
stocks in this way we have essentially approached equilibrium from both the undersaturated and oversaturated conditions. The final
aqueous Pu concentrations are predictable using a chemical equilibrium model which includes the formation of a nanometer sized Fe(III)
reaction product, identified in the 242PuO2(am) suspension both by use of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.
Thermodynamic model for the solubility of BaSeO4(cr) in the aqueous Ba2+-SeO4
2−-Na+-H+-OH−-H2O system: Extending to high selenate concentrations
Authors: Rai Dhanpat , Felmy Andrew R. , Moore Dean A. , Kitamura Akira , Yoshikawa Hideki , Doi Reisuke , Yoshida Yasushi
Published: May 2014

The aqueous solubility of BaSeO4(cr) was studied at 23 ± 2 ℃ as a function of Na2SeO4
concentrations (0.0001 to 4.1 mol kg
–1) and equilibration periods (3 to 596 d). The equilibrium, approached
from both the under- and over-saturation directions, in this system was reached rather rapidly (≤3 d). The SIT and
Pitzer's ion-interaction models were used to interpret these data and the predictions based on both of these models agreed closely with
the experimental data. Thermodynamic analyses of the data show that BaSeO4(cr) is the solubility-controlling phase for
Na2SeO4 concentrations <0.59 mol kg
–1. The log 10
K
0 value for the BaSeO4(cr)
solubility product (BaSeO4(cr) ⇌ Ba2++ SeO4
2–
) calculated by the SIT and Pitzer
models were very similar (− 7.32 ± 0.07 with Pitzer and − 7.25 ± 0.11 with SIT). Although the BaSeO4(cr) solubility product
and Ba concentrations as a function of Na2SeO4 concentrations predicted by both the SIT and Pitzer models are similar, the
models required different sets of fitting parameters. For examples, 1) interpretations using the SIT model required the inclusion of
Ba(SeO4)2
2–
species with log 10
K
0 = 3.44 ± 0.12 for the reaction (Ba2++ 2SeO4
2–
 ⇌ Ba(SeO4)2
2–
), whereas these species are not needed for Pitzer model, and 2) at
Na2SeO4 concentrations >0.59 mol kg
–1 it was also possible to calculate the value for log 10
K
0
for the solubility product of a proposed double salt (Na2Ba(SeO4)2(s) ⇌ 2Na++ Ba2++ 2SeO4
2–
) which for the SIT model is − (8.70 ± 0.29) whereas for the Pitzer model it is
− (9.19 ± 0.19). The ion-interaction/ion-association parameters hitherto unavailable for both the SIT and Pitzer models required to
fit these extensive data extending to as high ionic strengths as 12.3 mol kg
–1 were determined. The model developed in
this study is consistent with all of the reliable literature data, which was also used to extend the model to barium concentrations as
high as 0.22 mol kg
–1 and pH ranging from 1.4 to 13.8, in addition to selenium concentrations as high as
4.1 mol kg
–1.
The use of composite ferrocyanide materials for
treatment of high salinity liquid radioactive wastes rich in
cesium isotopes
Authors: Toropov Andrey S. , Satayeva Aliya R. , Mikhalovsky Sergey , Cundy Andrew B.
Published: May 2014

The use of composite materials based on metal ferrocyanides combined with natural mineral sorbents for treatment of high salinity Cs-containing liquid radioactive waste (LRW) was investigated. The study indicated that among the investigated composites, the best sorption characteristics for Cs were shown by materials based on copper ferrocyanide. Several factors affecting the removal of cesium from LRW, namely total salt content, pH and organic matter content, were also investigated. High concentrations of complexing organic matter significantly reduced the sorption capacity of ferrocyanide sorbents.
Analysis of barium borosilicate glass matrix for uranium determination
by using ns-IR-LIBS in air and Ar atmosphere
Authors: Sarkar Arnab , Mishra Raman Kumar , Kaushik Chetan Parkash , Wattal Piaray Kishen , Alamelu Devanathan , Aggarwal Suresh Kumar
Published: May 2014

In this paper, an attempt to explore the use of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique for determination of
uranium in the vitrified simulated high level barium borosilicate waste glass matrix was made with a commercial portable LIBS
system. The emission spectrum of the waste glass being very complex, detailed study was done for proper choice of the emission
lines. Investigations were carried out to optimize the experimental parameters like laser energy and acquisition delay time for
the analysis. Calibration curves were obtained for two emission lines of U in these glasses. Effect of Ar atmosphere
was also studied and the signal intensity was found to be ∼5 times higher than in air atmosphere The emission lines used
for normalization with vast difference in the upper energy level compared to the line of interest were found to give poor
precision in air. In the Ar atmosphere, this effect was found to be much less significant and such emission lines can be used
as an internal standard to achieve precise calibration curves. LIBS approach will be useful for real time determination of U in
such samples, eliminating quantitative dissolution step required in many other analytical techniques like solution based
ICP-MS/OES.
Bargaining with Asymmetric Dispute Costs
Authors: Pecorino Paul , Van Boening Mark
Published: May 2014

We conduct a bargaining experiment in a stylized litigation setting. In the baseline, dispute costs are divided equally between the two parties. There are two treatments with an asymmetric distribution of dispute costs. The design allows us to gain insight into how a fair offer evolves with the distribution of dispute costs. The amount of surplus in the average offer depends on the total amount of surplus available and not on the distribution of dispute costs. About 28% of the total surplus is contained in the average offer, regardless of the distribution of dispute costs. Based on the empirical rejection frequencies, we calculate that the optimal offer contains 13% of the total surplus from settlement. We also find evidence that disputes are more likely when dispute costs are asymmetrically distributed. This suggests that the experimental subjects have more difficulty coordinating on a fair offer when dispute costs are not symmetric.
Automated fault detection using deep belief
networks for the quality inspection of
electromotors
Authors: Sun Jianwen , Wyss Reto , Steinecker Alexander , Glocker Philipp
Published: May 2014

Vibration inspection of
electro-mechanical components and systems is an
important tool for automated reliable online as well as
post-process production quality
assurance. Considering that bad electromotor samples are
very rare in the production line, we propose a novel
automated fault detection method named “Tilear”, based on
Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) training only with good electromotor
samples. Tilear consctructs an
auto-encoder with DBNs, aiming to
reconstruct the inputs as closely as possible. Tilear is
structured in two parts: training and
decision-making. During
training, Tilear is trained only with informative features
extracted from preprocessed vibration signals of good
electromotors, which enables the trained Tilear only to know
how to reconstruct good electromotor vibration signal
features. In the decision-making
part, comparing the recorded signal from test
electromotor and the Tilear reconstructed signal, allows to
measure how well a recording from a test electromotor matches the Tilear model
learned from good electromotors. A reliable decision can
be made.
Effect of Rotation on Flow Field and Film Cooling Effectiveness in Film-Cooled Turbine Rotors
Authors: Zhu Xiaocheng , Liu Liangliang , Yuan Feng
Published: May 2014

Experimental and numerical investigations of flow field in a film-cooled turbine model under stationary and rotating conditions in a low-speed wind tunnel are conducted. The effects of different blowing ratios (M = 1.5, 2) on the flow field are studied. Results revealed a secondary flow near the blade surface in the wake region behind the jet hole. Compared with the stationary turbine, there exists centrifugal force and Coriolis force in the flow field of the rotating turbine, and these forces cause changes in the flow field in the rotating turbine. The effect of rotation on the flow field and film cooling effectiveness in the Y-Z planes on the pressure side is stronger than on the suction side, and results in lower film cooling effectiveness on the pressure surface of the rotating turbine blade compared with the stationary turbine. As the blowing ratio increases, the secondary flow in the wake region will become stronger, thereby enlarging the range of the wake.
The Future in the Post: Utopia and the Fiction of the New South Africa
Authors: Green Michael
Published: May 2014

Post-apartheid South Africa, having recently come into its own in terms of the Utopian national vision that has driven and informed its history, is in danger of assuming this to be the end of its history, with only a better delivery of that static vision being in question. This paper considers the utopian as a vital element in oppositional and revolutionary strategies. It then looks at the important role the future, deployed in a utopian mode, took on in anti-apartheid texts during the darkest period of the liberation struggle, and asks if we can identify a similar impulse in texts that take as their subject some of the less satisfactory aspects of the post-apartheid condition. Focusing on Phaswane Mpe’s Welcome to Our Hillbrow, one of the texts regularly presented as representative of new South African nation, the paper examines post apartheid fiction’s particular avoidance of a nationalised sense of the political. It then places this against the question of the national in relation to the utopian, and argues that the nation is useful to us as an idea if it is always beyond us, always calling the present into question.
Kapital, Feld, Habitus und sozialer Raum: Pierre Bourdieu für Anglisten
Authors: Höss Tilman
Published: May 2014

Pierre Bourdicu (1930-2002) is one of the most influential sociologists of our time. BUI although his notion of 'cultural capital' has become a household word. many literary scholars still shy av.'3Y from the sheer bulk of his writings. This essay offers a short introduction to his work. focusing on two crucial studies. Distinction: A Social
Critique of the Judgement of Taste and The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the
Literary Field. In the first part. four key terms - capital. field. habitus and social space - are explained with reference to Bourdieu's empirical research in France and Algeria. The second part applies Bourdieu's theory to (I) the interpretation of literary texts. (2) problems of literary history. and (3) aspects of literary theory. It is the aim of this essay to suggest the wealth of Bourdieu's sociological insights - and to show that Bourdieu has an important role to play in literary and cultural studies.
Transfer at the initial state
Authors: Lenzing Anke , Plesser Anja , Hagenfeld Katharina , Pienemann Manfred
Published: May 2014

The role of L1 transfer in second language acquisition has been the focus of extensive research for decades (Gass 1988; Eubank 1993/1994; Schwartz and Sprouse 1994, 1996; Pienemann 1998, Pienemann et al. 2005a, Pienemann 2011) with transfer at the initial state being of particular interest. Competing approaches have been pro-posed to address this issue: Full Transfer/Full Access (FT/FA) (Schwartz and Sprouse 1994, 1996), partial transfer/full access (Vainikka and Young-Scholten 1996) minimal transfer/full access (Platzack 1996) and the Developmentally Moderated Transfer Hypothesis (DMTH) (Pienemann 1998, Pienemann et al. 2005a) to name some of the key approaches. The debate on the initial state includes the issue of access to the L1 grammatical system.
Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of C2n+1N− Anions with n = 1 – 5
Authors: Stanca-Kaposta E. Cristina , Schwaneberg Falko , Fagiani Matias R. , Wende Torsten , Hagemann Franz , Wünschmann Annett , Wöste Ludger , Asmis Knut R.
Published: May 2014

The gas phase vibrational spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled
C2
n + 1N− anions with n = 1 − 5 is investigated in the
spectral range of the C≡C and
C≡N stretching modes
(1850–2400 cm
–1) by way of infrared photodissociation
(IRPD) spectroscopy of messenger-tagged
C2n+1N
–
· mD2 complexes. The IRPD
spectra are assigned based on a comparison to previously reported
anharmonic and harmonic CCSD(T) vibrational frequencies and
intensities. Experimentally determined and predicted anharmonic
vibrational transition energies lie within
± 21 cm
–1. For the harmonic CCSD(T)/vqz+
vibrational frequencies a scaling factor of 0.9808 is determined,
resulting in comparable absolute deviations. The influence of the
D2-messenger molecules on the structure and the IRPD
spectrum is found to be small. Compared to the results of previous IR
matrix isolation studies additional, in particular weaker, IR-active
transitions are identified.
Dorsal Raphe Neuroinflammation Promotes Dramatic Behavioral Stress Dysregulation
Authors: Howerton Alexis R. , Roland Alison V. , Bale Tracy L.
Published: May 2014

Impulsivity, risk-taking behavior, and elevated stress responsivity are prominent symptoms of mania, a behavioral state common to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Though inflammatory processes activated within the brain are involved in the pathophysiology of both disorders, the specific mechanisms by which neuroinflammation drives manic behavior are not well understood. Serotonin cell bodies originating within the dorsal raphe (DR) play a major role in the regulation of behavioral features characteristic of mania. Therefore, we hypothesized that the link between neuroinflammation and manic behavior may be mediated by actions on serotonergic neurocircuitry. To examine this, we induced local neuroinflammation in the DR by viral delivery of Cre recombinase into interleukin (IL)-1βXATtransgenic male and female mice, resulting in overexpressing of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β. For assertion of brain-region specificity of these outcomes, the prefrontal cortex (PFC), as a downstream target of DR serotonergic projections, was also infused. Inflammation within the DR, but not the PFC, resulted in a profound display of manic-like behavior, characterized by increased stress-induced locomotion and responsivity, and reduced risk-aversion/fearfulness. Microarray analysis of the DR revealed a dramatic increase in immune-related genes, and dysregulation of genes important in GABAergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission. Behavioral and physiological changes were driven by a loss of serotonergic neurons and reduced output as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, demonstrating inflammation-induced serotonergic hypofunction. Behavioral changes were rescued by acute selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, supporting the hypothesis that serotonin dysregulation stemming from neuroinflammation in the DR underlies manic-like behaviors.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3Reduces Cerebral Amyloid-β Accumulation and Improves Cognition in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Durk Matthew R. , Han Kyung , Chow Edwin C. Y. , Ahrens Rosemary , Henderson Jeffrey T. , Fraser Paul E. , Pang K. Sandy
Published: May 2014

We demonstrate a role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in reducing cerebral soluble and insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Short-term treatment of two human amyloid precursor protein-expressing models, Tg2576 and TgCRND8 mice, with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3], the endogenous active ligand of VDR, resulted in higher brain P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and lower soluble Aβ levels, effects negated with coadministration of elacridar, a P-gp inhibitor. Long-term treatment of TgCRND8 mice with 1,25(OH)2D3during the period of plaque formation reduced soluble and insoluble plaque-associated Aβ, particularly in the hippocampus in which the VDR is abundant and P-gp induction is greatest after 1,25(OH)2D3treatment, and this led to improved conditioned fear memory. In mice fed a vitamin D-deficient diet, lower cerebral P-gp expression was observed, but levels were restored on replenishment with VDR ligands. The composite data suggest that the VDR is an important therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
A Cerebellar Learning Model of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Adaptation in Wild-Type and Mutant Mice
Authors: Clopath Claudia , Badura Aleksandra , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Brunel Nicolas
Published: May 2014

Mechanisms of cerebellar motor learning are still poorly understood. The standard Marr–Albus–Ito theory posits that learning involves plasticity at the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses under control of the climbing fiber input, which provides an error signal as in classical supervised learning paradigms. However, a growing body of evidence challenges this theory, in that additional sites of plasticity appear to contribute to motor adaptation. Here, we consider phase-reversal training of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), a simple form of motor learning for which a large body of experimental data is available in wild-type and mutant mice, in which the excitability of granule cells or inhibition of Purkinje cells was affected in a cell-specific fashion. We present novel electrophysiological recordings of Purkinje cell activity measured in naive wild-type mice subjected to this VOR adaptation task. We then introduce a minimal model that consists of learning at the parallel fibers to Purkinje cells with the help of the climbing fibers. Although the minimal model reproduces the behavior of the wild-type animals and is analytically tractable, it fails at reproducing the behavior of mutant mice and the electrophysiology data. Therefore, we build a detailed model involving plasticity at the parallel fibers to Purkinje cells' synapse guided by climbing fibers, feedforward inhibition of Purkinje cells, and plasticity at the mossy fiber to vestibular nuclei neuron synapse. The detailed model reproduces both the behavioral and electrophysiological data of both the wild-type and mutant mice and allows for experimentally testable predictions.
Sensorimotor Deprivation Induces Interdependent Changes in Excitability and Plasticity of the Human Hand Motor Cortex
Authors: Rosenkranz Karin , Seibel Julia , Kacar Aleksandra , Rothwell John
Published: May 2014

Prolonged limb immobilization deprives sensorimotor cortical areas of an important source of excitatory input, as well as of motor output. Previous work has described effects on motor excitability but it is unclear whether motor plasticity is also influenced. In two groups of eight healthy human subjects, the left hand was immobilized for 8 h to induce sensorimotor deprivation of the cortical representation of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols to evaluate motor excitability with motor-evoked potentials, input–output (IOcurve) and short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI) recruitment curves, as well as long-term potentiation (LTP)/long-term depression (LTD)-like plasticity with paired-associative stimulation (PAS) of the median nerve and motor cortex using an interstimulus interval of 25 ms (PAS25) or 10 ms (PAS10), respectively, in two sessions at least 7 d apart (baseline and after immobilization). After immobilization, the slope of the IOcurve decreased, and SICI at lower conditioning pulse intensities was reduced. The LTP-like effects of PAS25 and the LTD-like effect of PAS10 were both significantly enhanced. The effects differed among individuals: the more IOslope decreased after immobilization, the greater the increase of PAS25 and the smaller the increase of PAS10 effects. We suggest that sensorimotor deprivation has two effects. It increases the sensitivity to remaining sensory inputs and therefore increases the effectiveness of both PAS protocols. In addition, it reduces neuronal excitability to an individually different level, as reflected in the reduced IOslope and leads to an interdependent modulation of synaptic plasticity as such as it shifts the threshold of LTP/LTD-like plasticity induction.
Understanding Effector Selectivity in Human Posterior Parietal Cortex by Combining Information Patterns and Activation Measures
Authors: Leoné Frank T.M. , Heed Tobias , Toni Ivan , Medendorp W. Pieter
Published: May 2014

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has traditionally been viewed as containing separate regions for the planning of eye and limb movements, but recent neurophysiological and neuroimaging observations show that the degree of effector specificity is limited. This has led to the hypothesis that effector specificity in PPC is part of a more efficient than strictly modular organization, characterized by both distinct and common activations for different effectors. It is unclear, however, what differentiates the distinctions and commonalities in effector representations. Here, we used fMRI in humans to study the cortical representations involved in the planning of eye, hand, and foot movements. We used a novel combination of fMRI measures to assess the effector-related representational content of the PPC: a multivariate information measure, reflecting whether representations were distinct or common across effectors and a univariate activation measure, indicating which representations were actively involved in movement preparation. Active distinct representations were evident in areas previously reported to be effector specific: eye specificity in the posterior intraparietal sulcus (IPS), hand tuning in anterior IPS, and a foot bias in the anterior precuneus. Crucially, PPC regions responding to a particular effector also contained an active representation common across the other two effectors. We infer that rostral PPC areas do not code single effectors, but rather dichotomies of effectors. Such combinations of representations could be well suited for active effector selection, efficiently coding both a selected effector and its alternatives.
European defense industrial policy and the United Kingdom's defense industrial base
Authors: Hartley Keith
Published: May 2014

This article addresses the relationship between European and U.K. defense industrial policy. It considers recent initiatives to create a European Defense Equipment Market and the U.K.'s Defense Industrial Strategy. The European and U.K. defense industries are evaluated and some of the future policy choices are assessed. The future defense firm will be different and there will be conflicts between efforts to open up national defense markets and the desire to maintain national defense industries.
The role of external partners in regional cooperation projects in the Middle East
Authors: Bar-El Raphael , Malul Miki
Published: May 2014

This article analyzes the extent to which external partners contribute to the internalization of externalities arising from regional cooperation in the Middle East, that is, the degree to which they help increase welfare gains generated by the projects. This is classified by extent, intensity, and sectors of cooperation. Externalities are defined macroeconomically and sociopolitically. The results show that the international community does play a role in the internalization of externalities. In some cases this role is played by the countries themselves; in others, the participation of external partners can be explained by pure economic and business considerations (for projects that are profitable for the private external investor).
Professoras iniciantes: formação, experiência e desenvolvimento profissional
Authors: Papi Silmara de Oliveira Gomes
Published: May 2014

Este artigo aborda a formação docente, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento profissional de professoras iniciantes. Busca explicitar a influência, no desenvolvimento profissional das professoras pesquisadas, de aspectos originados da experiência que se caracterizaram, em sentido amplo, como formativos. Desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso qualitativo de matriz crítico-dialética. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados o grupo focal, a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação participante. O estudo evidenciou que o desenvolvimento profissional das professoras pesquisadas é marcado por múltiplos intervenientes formativos gerados pela experiência vinculada à sua história pessoal, especialmente envolvendo a influência materna e as suas vivências como alunas dos anos iniciais de escolarização.
Casamentos mistos: novas sociabilidades e quadros coletivos. Aspectos da imigração de brasileiras na Itália
Authors: Tedesco João Carlos
Published: May 2014

O texto analisa aspectos da imigração de brasileiras para a Itália dando ênfase para as uniões conjugais com italianos; localiza o horizonte do trabalho no interior das famílias italianas como um cenário que viabiliza essa possibilidade e demonstra que os casamentos mistos revelam múltiplos horizontes subjetivos, preconceitos, redes de sociabilidades étnicas, integrações transfronteiriças e reconfigurações de famílias.