bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinantes asociados al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en Chile: Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
Authors:   , Valda Chumacero María Laura
Published: October 2023

Introducción: Las ventas de bebidas azucaradas (BA) en Chile, son las más altas en el mundo, siendo además, el segundo producto más consumido por los hogares tanto el en gran Santiago como en las principales capitales regionales de Chile. Las BAS debido a su alto contenido de carbohidratos de rápida absorción, con alto contenido de fructosa , promoviendo la obesidad, caries dentales y riesgo cardiovascular. Este proyecto tiene como propósito el de aportar información sobre los determinantes , asociados al consumo de bebidas azucaradas comprendiendo así, la dinámica de ingesta de dichas bebidas. Objetivo: estimar la magnitud y determinantes asociados al consumo de bebidas azucaradas , en población general chilena. Hipótesis: La prevalencia de consumo de BAS en Chile será mayor en hombres, población juvenil y a menor nivel socioeconómico (NSE). Metodología: Se realizó un análisis secundario, de la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Chile 2016-2017 (ENS 2016-2017) población de hombres y mujeres adultos chilenos mayores de 14 años de edad. Se analizará el consumo de bebidas azucaradas ( gaseosas, jugos azucarados y ambos) (<1vaso/ semana, 1-5 vasos semana y >5 vasos/ semana, y < de 1 vaso por día ) obteniendo así la media y mediana de consumo y se explorará mediante modelo logístico múltiple ajustando por sexo, edad, nivel educacional, zona y frecuencia revisión de etiquetado nutricional. Conclusiones: En Chile existe un alto consumo de BAS. Los determinantes asociados al mayor consumo son el sexo masculino, edad menor 25 años, nivel educacional medio, bajo y el hecho de no revisar el etiquetado nutricional, generando así un aumento en la carga de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas asociadas. Si bien, el gobierno ha implementado medidas que tratan de aminorar este problema, se debe explorar la factibilidad de implementar otras medidas poblacionales que disminuya el consumo de BA.
The Effect of Orff-Schulwerk Approach Practices on Gifted Students' Emotional and Psychological Well-Being Levels
Authors: PEKTAŞ Songül , PİRİM Burak
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Orff-Schulwerk yaklaşımına dayalı uygulamaların üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin duygusal ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma nicel ve nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin bir arada kullanıldığı
karma araştırma yöntemi ile tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı-deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Nitel boyutunda ise nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın
çalışma grubunu, 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında İstanbul ilinde yer alan iki Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi’nde öğrenim gören destek eğitim grubu öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, deney grubunda 25, kontrol grubunda 25 öğrenci olmak
üzere toplam 50 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Deneysel süreç olan 7 hafta boyunca deney grubundaki öğrencilerle Orff-Schulwerk etkinlikleri yapılırken kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerle mevcut destek eğitim programına devam edilmiştir.
Deney ve kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin duygusal ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerini ölçmek için “Stirling Çocuklar İçin Duygusal ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği” ön test ve son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen
nicel veriler betimsel istatistikler, bağımlı örneklemler t-testi, bağımsız örneklemler t-testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formlarından elde edilen nitel veriler ise içerik analizi yolu ile çözümlenmiştir.
Araştırmanın sonucunda, Orff-Schulwerk yaklaşımına dayalı etkinliklerin üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin duygusal ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri üzerinde oldukça etkili olduğu, bu etkinliklerin öğrencilerin duygusal ve psikolojik
iyi oluş düzeylerini önemli düzeyde artırdığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Consumers’ Preference and Attitude Towards Dried Corchorus olitorius L. in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Iliasu K. B. , Adeoye I. B. , Akinbile H. T. , Adeigbe F. O.
Published: October 2023

Aims: To examine consumers’ preference and attitude towards dried Corchorus olitorius L. leaves in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey

Place and Duration of Study: Ibadan North-West, Ido and Akinyele LGAs in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria, between March 2023 and August 2023.

Methodology: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 170 consumers selected through a two-stage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and probit regression analysis were used for data analysis.

Results: Most respondents were females (72.9%), married (51.8%), within the age range of 26-35 years (39.4%), had 1-5 household members (72.9%) and tertiary education (77.6%). 63.5% were aware of dried C. olitorius L., but 60% had not consumed it before, mainly due to unavailability. 20.6% preferred dried leaves. Packaging, aroma, colour and texture were key attributes considered for purchase. Sex, household size and income significantly influenced preference.

Conclusion: There is low preference for dried C. olitorius L in the study area. Creating awareness and appropriate marketing is needed to improve attitude and demand. Suitable packaging should also be developed to retain product quality attributes.
Synthesis and Characterization of Short Alkyd Resin Based on Sesame Seed Oil as Binder for Coating Industry
Authors: Kalu Kalu M. , Aliyu Adam , Chinedu Emmanuel K. , Nnaneme F. O.
Published: October 2023

Alkyd resin of 40 % oil length was synthesized from the polyesterification reaction of glycerol, pthalic anhydride and sesame seed oil. Physicochemical properties such as iodine value, saponification value, density, moisture absorption, acid value and viscosity were determined to be 70.2 gI2/100g, 227.5 mgKOH/100g, 0.953 g/cm3, 0.22%, 9.23 KOH/g and 123.22 m.Pa.s respectively for the sesamum indicum seed oil modified alkyd resin (SISOMAR). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were employed for the characterization of the alkyd resin. The glass transition (Tg) value of the 40% alkyd resin was 34.99 °C, initial degradation temperature (Ti), final degradation temperature (Tf) were 300 °C and > 500 °C respectively. It was identified that the SISOMAR could meet with temperature resistance and mechanical requirements to serve as a potential binder for the coating industry.
Study the Interactive Effects of Different Nitrogen Doses and Spacing on Quality Characteristics of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Authors: Vats Chaman , Malik T. P. , Bishnoi Mukesh , Singh Uday , Singh Randeep , Kumar Abhishek
Published: October 2023

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the most important spice crops worldwide, possessing varied medicinal impacts. It is majorly grown for its leaves; however, its seeds occupy a major place in various cuisines around the world. Several studies have reported the interactive effects of different nitrogen doses and spacing in coriander and provided valuable insights into the optimal conditions for its growth and development. In this sequence, the present study explores the effect of various nitrogen doses and spacing on coriander under field conditions at Research Farm of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) during Rabi, 2019-20. Amongst all the treatments, treatment S3N3 (40×15; N@75 kg/ha) was found best for harvest index, Test weight, Standard Germination, Seedling Length, Seedling Dry weight, Vigour Indices I & II, and S2N1 (30×15; N@50 kg/ha) for minimum Electrical Conductivity. Based on this study, the following treatments can be exploited for sustainable coriander production.
Effect of Pre-Harvest Fruit Bagging on Fruit Quality Characteristics of Different Guava Cultivars during Rainy Season
Authors: Bishnoi Mukesh , Goyal Ramesh K. , Vats Chaman , Vikalp  , Singla Aayush , Sukrampal
Published: October 2023

The present investigation was carried out on 6-7 years old grafted guava plants at Guava Demonstration Centre, Bhuna, Haryana, India during the rainy season (2019-20). During the experiment, the fruits of different guava cultivars viz. Hisar Safeda, Hisar Surkha, Allahabad Safeda, and Shweta were bagged with different bagging materials immediately after the fruit set. Results showed that the fruits bagged with blue polythene exhibited maximum fruit volume (113.96 ml) and organoleptic score (8.8), while the minimum (95.30 ml and 6.3, respectively) values were observed in the control. The highest fruit firmness (6.62 Kg/cm2) was observed with green polythene, while the minimum (5.03 Kg/cm2) was in control. Additionally, bagged fruits showed better peel colour development. The fruit drop was also reduced in all treatments except for the control (20%), yellow paper (12.78%), and green paper (11.66%). Fruit drop was minimum in transparent polythene (5.55%) and green polythene. On the other hand, Decay loss was eliminated in yellow paper, green paper, blue paper, cotton cloth, and muslin cloth bags, and significantly reduced in all the treatments except the control (8.88%). Among the cultivars, the maximum fruit firmness (5.98 Kg/cm2) was recorded in Hisar Safeda, whereas the least firmness (5.64 Kg/cm2) was in Allahabad Safeda. In conclusion, pre-harvest bagging of fruits was found promising in enhancing the quality attributes of various guava cultivars which can also be applied in real farm situations to enhance the yield as well as the quality of guava crop.
Relative Comparison in Performance Evaluation of Happy Seeder and Conventional Seed Drill under Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Pal Ramesh , Kumar Ram , Chaudhary Sachin , Satyartham  , Singh Virendra , Singh Mahindra Pratap
Published: October 2023

The study evaluates the Happy Seeder's performance in sowing wheat crops in combined harvested paddy fields in the Moradabad region, aiming to mitigate crop residue burning and promote sustainable agriculture. The rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic region generates significant crop residues after combine harvesting, leading to environmental and health hazards. The Happy Seeder, designed to cut and lift rice straw while sowing wheat, offers a promising solution to manage residues and prevent burning. Various parameters, including forward speed, crop residue condition, and soil bulk density, were investigated as independent variables to assess the Happy Seeder's performance. Results show an actual field capacity of 0.23 to 0.29 ha/, with fuel consumption ranging from 4.12 to 4.40 l/h at different speeds. Field efficiency varied from 43.4% to 65%, with the best performance at 3.5 km/h forward speed. Economically, the Happy Seeder proves to be a cost-effective alternative, saving 613.83 ₹/compared to conventional seed drills. Farmers responded positively to its labor-saving features, timely sowing, and eco-friendly benefits, leading to improved crop growth and higher yields. In conclusion, the Happy Seeder demonstrated efficiency, economic viability, and positive farmer feedback, making it a valuable tool for sustainable agriculture in the Moradabad region and beyond. Its adoption can contribute to residue management, improved soil health, and increased crop productivity, fostering an environmentally conscious rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic region.
Measuring US Maternal Mortality
Authors: Declercq Eugene , Thoma Marie
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of collaboration among the agencies responsible for documenting rates of maternal mortality to ensure more accurate, reliable, and timely estimates.
Economic Burden Associated With Untreated Mental Illness in Indiana
Authors: Taylor Heather L. , Menachemi Nir , Gilbert Amy , Chaudhary Jay , Blackburn Justin
Published: October 2023

Importance

There is a paucity of systematically captured data on the costs incurred by society—individuals, families, and communities—from untreated mental illnesses in the US. However, these data are necessary for decision-making on actions and allocation of societal resources and should be considered by policymakers, clinicians, and employers.

Objective

To estimate the economic burden associated with untreated mental illness at the societal level.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used multiple data sources to tabulate the annual cost of untreated mental illness among residents (≥5 years old) in Indiana in 2019: the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the National Survey of Children’s Health, Indiana government sources, and Indiana Medicaid enrollment and claims data. Data analyses were conducted from January to May 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Direct nonhealth care costs (eg, criminal justice system, homeless shelters), indirect costs (unemployment, workplace productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism, all-cause mortality, suicide, caregiver direct health care, caregiver productivity losses, and missed primary education), and direct health care costs (disease-related health care expenditures).

Results

The study population consisted of 6 179 105 individuals (median [SD] age, 38.0 [0.2] years; 3 132 806 [50.7%] were women) of whom an estimated 429 407 (95% CI, 349 526-528 171) had untreated mental illness in 2019. The economic burden of untreated mental illness in Indiana was estimated to be $4.2 billion annually (range of uncertainty [RoU], $2.1 billion-$7.0 billion). The cost of untreated mental illness included $3.3 billion (RoU, $1.7 billion-$5.4 billion) in indirect costs, $708.5 million (RoU, $335 million-$1.2 billion) in direct health care costs, and $185.4 million (RoU, $29.9 million-$471.5 million) in nonhealth care costs.

Conclusion and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that untreated mental illness may have significant financial consequences for society. These findings put into perspective the case for action and should be considered by policymakers, clinicians, and employers when allocating societal resources and funding. States can replicate this comprehensive framework as they prioritize key areas for action regarding mental health services and treatments.
Health Insurance and Differences in Infant Mortality Rates in the US
Authors: Johnson Desalyn L. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Rahman A. K. M. Fazlur , Tindal Rachel , Trulove Sarah G. , Watt Mykaela J. , Travers Colm P.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Health insurance status is associated with differences in access to health care and health outcomes. Therefore, maternal health insurance type may be associated with differences in infant outcomes in the US.

Objective

To determine whether, among infants born in the US, maternal private insurance compared with public Medicaid insurance is associated with a lower infant mortality rate (IMR).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research expanded linked birth and infant death records database from 2017 to 2020. Hospital-born infants from 20 to 42 weeks of gestational age were included if the mother had either private or Medicaid insurance. Infants with congenital anomalies, those without a recorded method of payment, and those without either private insurance or Medicaid were excluded. Data analysis was performed from June 2022 to August 2023.

Exposures

Private vs Medicaid insurance.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the IMR. Negative-binomial regression adjusted for race, sex, multiple birth, any maternal pregnancy risk factors (as defined by the CDC), education level, and tobacco use was used to determine the difference in IMR between private and Medicaid insurance. The χ2 or Fisher exact test was used to compare differences in categorical variables between groups.

Results

Of the 13 562 625 infants included (6 631 735 girls [48.9%]), 7 327 339 mothers (54.0%) had private insurance and 6 235 286 (46.0%) were insured by Medicaid. Infants born to mothers with private insurance had a lower IMR compared with infants born to those with Medicaid (2.75 vs 5.30 deaths per 1000 live births; adjusted relative risk [aRR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.95; P = .009). Those with private insurance had a significantly lower risk of postneonatal mortality (0.81 vs 2.41 deaths per 1000 births; aRR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.47-0.68; P < .001), low birth weight (aRR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85-0.94; P < .001), vaginal breech delivery (aRR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.96; P = .02), and preterm birth (aRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.97; P = .002) and a higher probability of first trimester prenatal care (aRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.21-1.27; P < .001) compared with those with Medicaid.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, maternal Medicaid insurance was associated with increased risk of infant mortality at the population level in the US. Novel strategies are needed to improve access to care, quality of care, and outcomes among women and infants enrolled in Medicaid.
Robust fault estimation for T‐S fuzzy systems with intermittently sampled data based on finite information learning observer
Authors: Su Yingxin , Sun Chao , Huang Shengjuan , Yi Suhuan
Published: October 2023

In this article, we study the problem of robust fault estimation for a class of T‐S fuzzy systems with time delays and external disturbances based on the finite information learning observer. The learning observer with intermittent sampling is constructed and the change rate of output estimation error is introduced to estimate the system fault effectively. At the same time, by introducing a generalized inverse matrix to the designed observer, a sufficient condition for the stability of the error estimation system is given by using fuzzy Lyapunov function, which not only solves the problem of system fault and external disturbance estimation, but also reduces the conservatism of the obtained conclusion. Finally, the results described by LMI are solved numerically and simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Congress doing nothing has deleterious effects on field
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2023

Without a Speaker of the House, there is no movement in Congress. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) stands to lose $200 million. The SUPPORT Act cannot be reauthorized. What might look like silly politics to most of America goes to the heart of how the country functions, and when Republicans voted to oust former speaker Kevin McCarthy (R‐California) because he did not kowtow to their requirements, which included not negotiating with Democrats or the White House on anything, they had the responsibility of getting another. Of course, House Democrats voted him out as well. So the next step is to look at reality. Here's what our sources told ADAW last week:
Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanism of Ti‐55531 Alloy During Hot‐Rolling Process
Authors: Wen Xin , Xin Renlong , Huang Chaowen , Liu Qing
Published: October 2023

Ti‐55531 alloy is a novel near‐β‐Ti alloy, which has promising application potential as critical aircraft components due to its outstanding mechanical properties. In this work, it is aimed to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti‐55531 alloy by hot‐rolling in α + β‐phase field. In experimental results, it is indicated that an increasing number of α lamellae becomes globular or ellipsoidal shape with the increase of rolling reduction. As a result, the strength and elongation of the rolled samples continually increase. Lath‐like substructures are observed inside some residual lamellar α after 20% rolling reduction. Nearly all lath‐like substructures have their habit plane corresponding to (100)α and exhibit the orientation relationship (OR) of [0001]HCP //[001]FCC, [20]HCP //[]FCC, and (100)HCP //(FCC with α phase. At high rolling reductions, the face‐centered cubic (FCC) substructures disappeared. Instead, {101} twin structures are frequently observed in lamellar α grains, indicating that both {101} twinning and martensitic transformation can be activated in Ti‐55531 alloy to accommodate the applied rolling deformation. To the authors’ knowledge, such stress‐induced martensitic transformation has not been reported before in Ti‐55531 alloy. Therefore, the findings in this work should advance the understandings on the deformation behavior and mechanism in this alloy.
Engineering Stem Cell Fate Controlling Biomaterials to Develop Muscle Connective Tissue Layered Myofibers
Authors: Han Seokgyu , Lee Myung Chul , Rodríguez‐delaRosa Alejandra , Kim Jiseong , Barroso‐Zuppa Margot , Pineda‐Rosales Montserrat , Kim Seong Soo , Hatanaka Takaaki , Yazdi Iman K. , Bassous Nicole , Sinha Indranil , Pourquié Olivier , Park Sungsu , Shin Su Ryon
Published: October 2023

Skeletal muscle connective tissue (MCT) surrounds myofiber bundles to provide structural support, produce force transduction from tendons, and regulate satellite cell differentiation during muscle regeneration. Engineered muscle tissue composed of myofibers layered within MCT has not yet been developed. Herein, a bioengineering strategy to create MCT‐layered myofibers through the development of stem cell fate‐controlling biomaterials that achieve both myogenesis and fibroblast differentiation in a locally controlled manner at the single construct is introduced. The reciprocal role of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and its inhibitor as well as 3D matrix stiffness to achieve co‐differentiation of MCT fibroblasts and myofibers from a human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived paraxial mesoderm is studied. To avoid myogenic inhibition, TGF‐β1 is conjugated on the gelatin‐based hydrogel to control the fibroblasts’ populations locally; the TGF‐β1 degrades after 2 weeks, resulting in increased MCT‐specific extracellular matrix (ECM) production. The locations of myofibers and fibroblasts are precisely controlled by using photolithography and co‐axial wet spinning techniques, which results in the formation of MCT‐layered functional myofibers in 3D constructs. This advanced engineering strategy is envisioned as a possible method for obtaining biomimetic human muscle grafts for various biomedical applications.
Challenges and Opportunities: Metal–Organic Frameworks for Direct Air Capture
Authors: Bose Saptasree , Sengupta Debabrata , Rayder Thomas M. , Wang Xiaoliang , Kirlikovali Kent O. , Sekizkardes Ali K. , Islamoglu Timur , Farha Omar K.
Published: October 2023

Global reliance on fossil fuel combustion for energy production has contributed to the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, creating significant global climate challenges. In this regard, direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 from the atmosphere has emerged as one of the most promising strategies to counteract the harmful effects on the environment, and the further development and commercialization of this technology will play a pivotal role in achieving the goal of net‐zero emissions by 2050. Among various DAC adsorbents, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential due to their high porosity and ability to reversibly adsorb CO2 at low concentrations. However, the adsorption efficiency and cost‐effectiveness of these materials must be improved to be widely deployed as DAC sorbents. To that end, this perspective provides a critical discussion on several types of benchmark MOFs that have demonstrated high CO2 capture capacities, including an assessment of their stability, CO2 capture mechanism, capture‐release cycling behavior, and scale‐up synthesis. It then concludes by highlighting limitations that must be addressed for these MOFs to go from the research laboratory to implementation in DAC devices on a global scale so they can effectively mitigate climate change.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Lead‐Free Cs2TeBr6/g‐C3N4 Heterojunction Photocatalyst and Its Mechanism
Authors: Zhou Jinchen , Gao Bo , Wu Daofu , Tian Changqing , Ran Hongmei , Chen Wei , Huang Qiang , Zhang Wenxia , Qi Fei , Zhang Nan , Pu Yayun , Qiu Jing , Hu Zhiping , Du Juan , Liu Zhengzheng , Leng Yuxin , Tang Xiaosheng
Published: October 2023

In this study, a new type of lead‐free double perovskite Cs2TeBr6 combined with metal‐free semiconductor g‐C3N4 heterojunction is constructed and used for photocatalytic CO2 reduction for the first time. The S‐scheme charge transfer mechanism between Cs2TeBr6 and g‐C3N4 is systematically verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin resonance (ESR) and in situ Fourier infrared spectroscopy(FT‐IR). The formation of S‐type heterojunction makes the photocatalyst have higher charge separation ability and highest redox ability. The results show that 5%‐CTB/CN heterojunction material has the best photocatalytic reduction effect on CO2 under visible light irradiation. After 3 h of illumination, the yield of CO and CH4 are 468.9 µmol g−1 and 61.31 µmol g−1, respectively. The yield of CO is 1.5 times and 32 times that of pure Cs2TeBr6 and g‐C3N4, and the yield of CH4 is doubled compared with pure Cs2TeBr6. However, g‐C3N4 almost does not produce CH4, which indicates that the construction of heterojunction helps to further improve the photocatalytic performance of the material. This study provides a new idea for the preparation of Cs2TeBr6/g‐C3N4 heterojunction and its effective interfacial charge separation.
Charged Fibrous Dressing to Promote Diabetic Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Yang Xiaomeng , Li Wei , Liu Youmei , Cao Ni , He Yang , Sun Qiangqiang , Zhou Shaobing
Published: October 2023

Diabetic chronic wounds cause a significant amount of pain to patients because of their low cure rates and high recurrence rates. Traditional approaches to treating diabetic chronic wounds often involve the delivery of drugs or cytokines that regulate the microenvironment and eliminate bacterial infection in the wound area, but they are passive in controlling cell behaviors and may lead to drug resistance. Emerging drug‐free wound treatments are important for convenient, effective, and safe treatment strategies. However, the current approaches cannot fully promote tissue regeneration or prevent bacterial infections. Here, the efficacy of a negatively charged fiber dressing in promoting diabetic chronic wound healing is investigated. The negatively charged fiber dressing can generate reactive oxygen species to inhibit bacterial reproduction with the assistance of ultrasound during the inflammatory phase. Furthermore, the dressing provides an electrostatic field that regulates cellular behavior during the inflammatory and proliferative phases. In particular, the dressing can promote fibroblast migration and induce macrophage polarization and neovascularization without any additional drugs. It is demonstrated that this strategy enables the healing of diabetic chronic wounds in a mouse model, achieving effective wound closure over a 12‐day treatment cycle and providing a drug‐free therapeutic strategy for diabetic chronic wound care.
Heart Sounds Classification Based on High‐Order Spectrogram and Multi‐Convolutional Neural Network after a New Screening Strategy
Authors: Li Yasheng , Yi Jizheng , Zhong Bolin , Yi Ziyu , Chen Aibin , Jin Ze
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a pre‐processing method for heart sound screening and extracts the high‐order spectral feature of phonocardiogram. Moreover, a multi‐convolutional neural network (mCNN) is constructed to achieve the classification of normal, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and mitral valve prolapse. First, the heart sound recordings are down‐sampled, denoised by wavelet transform, and normalized. Second, a new heart sound screening algorithm is proposed. The waveform of the heart sound recording is segmented and saved as an image which is performed by the gray‐scale processing to calculate the amplitude of the heart sound. The extremely noisy heart sound segments are screened out based on the amplitude information, and the remaining heart sound segments are spliced as pure heart sound recordings. After 50% superposition segmentation of the heart sound recordings, high‐order spectral features are extracted and image data are stored. Finally, a 34‐layer mCNN is specifically designed to boost the performance of heart sound classification through multi‐layer dimensionality reduction. Experimental results show that the proposed method has superior performance compared with the existing one. For the two‐category dataset, the accuracy with and without PCG screening is 97.99% and 99.42%, respectively. For the five‐category dataset, the average accuracy is 99%.
A Universal Electrochemical Synthetic Strategy for the Direct Assembly of Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Lv Ya‐Kun , Wang Kun , Sun Wen‐Yan , Peng Peng , Zang Shuang‐Quan
Published: October 2023

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been one of the frontiers in the field of catalysis in recent years owing to their high atomic utilization and unique electronic structure. To facilitate the practical application of single‐atom, it is vital to develop a sustainable, facile single‐atom preparation method with mass production potential. Herein, a universal one‐step electrochemical synthesis strategy is proposed, and various metal–organic framework‐supported SACs (including Pt, Au, Ir, Pd, Ru, Mo, Rh, and W) are straightforwardly obtained by simply replacing the guest metal precursors. As a proof‐of‐concept, the electrosynthetic Pt‐based catalysts exhibit outstanding activity and stability in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This study not only enriches the single‐atom synthesis methodology, but also extends the scenario of electrochemical synthesis, opening up new avenues for the design of advanced electro‐synthesized catalysts.
High Gain Derived from Facile Carrier Dynamics Manipulation for Sensitive X‐ray Detection and Imaging
Authors: Liu Shilin , Ding Yijing , Wang Xin , Li Yuwei , Chen Jing , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhu Zhuoya , Wu Jun , Fayemi Omolola Esther , Bae Byung Seong , Zhu Ying , Lei Wei , Xu Xiaobao , Li Qing
Published: October 2023

Signal amplification is vitally important for sensing low‐dose X‐rays in medical diagnosis by amplifying the generated electric read‐out signal. However, the complexity of external amplification circuits hampers device miniaturization and portability, while integrating amplification functionality directly into sensors or detectors remains a significant and formidable challenge. In this work, a direct high‐gain X‐ray detector with facile electron drift speed manipulation is reported in perovskite single‐crystal film (SCF). By employing laser‐assisted nucleation,   high‐quality MAPbBr3 SCF is fabricated with precise control of thickness from ≈20 to ≈500 µm and the area up to 3 by 2 cm, while the architecture of ITO/MAPbBr3/Au is constructed to form the Schottky junction in opposite polarity. With the assistance of applied bias, the space electric field over MAPbBr3 SCF can be tunable, which ensures the manipulation of charge carrier drift speed to form recirculation for internal gain. The resultant photodetector exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 1.44 × 105 µC Gy−1 cm−2 with a gain of 5.14 × 105, an ultralow detection limit of 39.8 nGy s−1, and the X‐ray array imaging is achieved at a low dose rate of 5 µGy s−1. These results confirm the advance of high‐gain detectors in constructing sensing arrays for practical safe medical diagnosis.
G‐MATT: Single‐step retrosynthesis prediction using molecular grammar tree transformer
Authors: Zhang Kevin , Mann Vipul , Venkatasubramanian Venkat
Published: October 2023

Various template‐based and template‐free approaches have been proposed for single‐step retrosynthesis prediction in recent years. While these approaches demonstrate strong performance from a data‐driven metrics standpoint, many model architectures do not incorporate underlying chemistry principles. Here, we propose a novel chemistry‐aware retrosynthesis prediction framework that combines powerful data‐driven models with prior domain knowledge. We present a tree‐to‐sequence transformer architecture that utilizes hierarchical SMILES grammar‐based trees, incorporating crucial chemistry information that is often overlooked by SMILES text‐based representations, such as local structures and functional groups. The proposed framework, grammar‐based molecular attention tree transformer (G‐MATT), achieves significant performance improvements compared to baseline retrosynthesis models. G‐MATT achieves a promising top‐1 accuracy of 51% (top‐10 accuracy of 79.1%), an invalid rate of 1.5%, and a bioactive similarity rate of 74.8% on the USPTO‐50K dataset. Additional analyses of G‐MATT attention maps demonstrate the ability to retain chemistry knowledge without relying on excessively complex model architectures.
Surface‐Degenerate Semiconductor Photocatalysis for Efficient Water Splitting without Sacrificial Agents via a Reticular Chemistry Approach
Authors: Shiuan Ng Li , Raja Mogan Tharishinny , Lee Jinn‐Kye , Li Haitao , Ken Lee Chi‐Lik , Kwee Lee Hiang
Published: October 2023

The production of green hydrogen through photocatalytic water splitting is crucial for a sustainable hydrogen economy and chemical manufacturing. However, current approaches suffer from slow hydrogen production (<70 μmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1) due to the sluggish four‐electrons oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and limited catalyst activity. Herein, we achieve efficient photocatalytic water splitting by exploiting a multifunctional interface between a nano‐photocatalyst and metal–organic framework (MOF) layer. The functional interface plays two critical roles: (1) enriching electron density directly on photocatalyst surface to promote catalytic activity, and (2) delocalizing photogenerated holes into MOF to enhance OER. Our photocatalytic ensemble boosts hydrogen evolution by ≈100‐fold over pristine photocatalyst and concurrently produces oxygen at ideal stoichiometric ratio, even without using sacrificial agents. Notably, this unique design attains superior hydrogen production (519 μmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1) and apparent quantum efficiency up to 13‐fold and 8‐fold better than emerging photocatalytic designs utilizing hole scavengers. Comprehensive investigations underscore the vital role of the interfacial design in generating high‐energy photoelectrons on surface‐degenerate photocatalyst to thermodynamically drive hydrogen evolution, while leveraging the nanoporous MOF scaffold as an effective photohole sink to enhance OER. Our interfacial approach creates vast opportunities for designing next‐generation, multifunctional photocatalytic ensembles using reticular chemistry with diverse energy and environmental applications.
The cerebellum plays more than one role in the dysregulation of appetite: Review of structural evidence from typical and eating disorder populations
Authors: Sader Michelle , Waiter Gordon D. , Williams Justin H. G.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Dysregulated appetite control is characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and obesity (OB). Studies using a broad range of methods suggest the cerebellum plays an important role in aspects of weight and appetite control, and is implicated in both AN and OB by reports of aberrant gray matter volume (GMV) compared to nonclinical populations. As functions of the cerebellum are anatomically segregated, specific localization of aberrant anatomy may indicate the mechanisms of its relationship with weight and appetite in different states. We sought to determine if there were consistencies in regions of cerebellar GMV changes in AN/BN and OB, as well as across normative (NOR) variation.

Method

Systematic review and meta‐analysis using GingerALE.

Results

Twenty‐six publications were identified as either case–control studies (nOB = 277; nAN/BN = 510) or regressed weight from NOR data against brain volume (total n = 3830). AN/BN and OB analyses both showed consistently decreased GMV within Crus I and Lobule VI, but volume reduction was bilateral for AN/BN and unilateral for OB. Analysis of the NOR data set identified a cluster in right posterior lobe that overlapped with AN/BN cerebellar reduction. Sensitivity analyses indicated robust repeatability for NOR and AN/BN cohorts, but found OB‐specific heterogeneity.

Discussion

Findings suggest that more than one area of the cerebellum is involved in control of eating behavior and may be differentially affected in normal variation and pathological conditions. Specifically, we hypothesize an association with sensorimotor and emotional learning via Lobule VI in AN/BN, and executive function via Crus I in OB.
Biomedical Applications of 2D MXene Nanocomposites: A Review
Authors: Thakur Atul , Pathania Abhilash , Salvi Anand , Kharbanda Saarthak , Dhanda Neetu , Shandaliya Manish , Wan Fayu , Thakur Preeti
Published: October 2023

Biomaterials technology has advanced significantly in recent years and 2D nanostructures have played a key role in this advancement. A new ceramic 2D nanomaterial, MXene, made up of transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides with a planar layout that was produced by etching away “A” from a ceramic phase called “MAX”, has emerged to overcome the shortcomings of traditional biomaterials. MXene is used inadequately in biomedical applications due to its weak stability in physiological conditions, lack of prolonged and low biodegradability, and self‐controlled drug release. These drawbacks have given rise to the idea of using MXene/Polymer nano composites, due to their major properties like large surface area, metallic conductivity, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and size tunability. Polymer functionalization is possible by the surface‐available functional groups. This review has been done to focus on cutting‐edge examples such as polymer functionalized composites MXene for the developing field of biomedical applications. These applications consist of precise and prolonged antimicrobial activity, bio sensing, therapeutics, drug delivery, contrast‐enhanced diagnostic imaging, tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and bone regeneration.
Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Ni(OH)2‐Supported Core‐Shell Ni@Pd Nanocomposites for the Electro‐Oxidation of Small Organic Molecules
Authors: Wu Chenshuo , Zhou Lei , Zhang Junxiang , Wang Bin
Published: October 2023

In the domain of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the development of efficient and durable catalysts for the electro‐oxidation of small organic molecules, especially of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, et al.) has always been a hot topic. A large number of related electrocatalysts with splendid performance have been designed and synthesized till now, while the preparation processes of most of them are demanding on experimental operations and conditions. Herein, we put forward a facile and handy method for the preparation of multifunctional Ni(OH)2‐supported core‐shell Ni@Pd nanocomposites (Ni(OH)2/Ni@Pd NCs) with the assistance of galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) at room temperature and ambient pressure. As expected, the Ni(OH)2 substrate can prevent the aggregation of core‐shell (CS) Ni@Pd nanoparticles (NPs) and inhibit the formation of COads and further prevent Pd from being poisoned. The synergistic effect between CS Ni@Pd NPs and Ni(OH)2 substrate and the electronic effect between Pd shell and Ni core contribute to the outstanding electrocatalytic performance for methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol oxidation in alkaline condition. This study provides a succinct method for the design and preparation of efficient Pd‐based electrocatalysts for alcohol electro‐oxidation.
How climate change affects children: Promoting hope
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2023

In a recent JAMA Health Forum article, nurses wrote about the stress facing teens due to climate change. “Growing up in an era of storms and stress — promoting hope among adolescents in the face of climate change” by Allison McCord Stafford, Ph.D., RN and colleagues from Duke University noted that the landmark court case, Held v. Montana, showed the impact of extreme weather on the livelihoods and health of young people. Young people brought the lawsuit. And their testimony — about the damages to the land, farm animals, health, finances, and their worries about their future — was eloquent. It is the older generation that has brought this stress upon them.
Most Americans would refer a loved one with addiction to treatment: APA poll
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2023

A poll conducted by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) last month found that 73% of the 2,201 respondents would refer a loved one with a substance use disorder (SUD) to treatment. The results also showed that 71% would know how to get a friend or family member with an SUD help.
Targeting of endothelial cells in brain tumours
Authors: Duan Wenzhe , Xia Shengkai , Tang Mengyi , Lin Manqing , Liu Wenwen , Wang Qi
Published: October 2023

Background

Aggressive brain tumours, whether primary gliomas or secondary metastases, are characterised by hypervascularisation and are fatal. Recent research has emphasised the crucial involvement of endothelial cells (ECs) in all brain tumour genesis and development events, with various patterns and underlying mechanisms identified.

Main body

Here, we highlight recent advances in knowledge about the contributions of ECs to brain tumour development, providing a comprehensive summary including descriptions of interactions between ECs and tumour cells, the heterogeneity of ECs and new models for research on ECs in brain malignancies. We also discuss prospects for EC targeting in novel therapeutic approaches.

Conclusion

Interventions targeting ECs, as an adjunct to other therapies (e.g. immunotherapies, molecular‐targeted therapies), have shown promising clinical efficacy due to the high degree of vascularisation in brain tumours. Developing precise strategies to target tumour‐associated vessels based on the heterogeneity of ECs is expected to improve anti‐vascular efficacy.
Disentangling mechanisms of species–energy relationships in experimental deep‐sea wood falls
Authors: McClain Craig R. , Bryant S. River D. , Hanks Granger , Byrnes Jarrett
Published: October 2023

A multitude of hypotheses have been invoked to explain increases in richness with increases in energy availability. Experiments have the potential to reveal causality, and species–energy experiments have yielded substantial insights into energetic community assembly. Here, we examine six mechanisms underlying species–energy relationships in an experimental wood fall system in the deep Gulf of Mexico. Twenty‐four wood falls were deployed in the deep Gulf of Mexico for 21 months. To test for differences in total energy availability, individual wood falls ranged in size from 0.91 to 24 kg, corresponding to different levels of energy available to the wood‐obligate invertebrate communities assembling on wood falls. To test for differences in total energy accessibility, we chose a softwood (pine, n = 12) and soft hardwood (sugarberry, n = 12). Structural equation models were used to disentangle the multiple hypothesized pathways by which changes in wood fall type and mass correlated with richness. Whereas we find support for the more individuals hypothesis, we also find that niche dynamics and competition play important roles as well linking energy and diversity. Furthermore, we find that not only the total energy but also the accessibility of that energy, dictating rates of energy flow, leads to differences in community structure. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we evaluate seven hypotheses to demonstrate that no single hypotheses alone can predict the species–energy relationship.
A Computational Study into the Mechanism of B−B Bond Cleavage in a Magnesium(II) Diboranate Complex
Authors: McMullin Claire L. , Neale Samuel E. , Young Georgia L.
Published: October 2023

The breaking of the asymmetric B−B bond within a MgII diboranate complex, [Mg](pinBB(nBu)pin) when [(MeBDIDipp)Mg]≡[Mg], in the presence of DMAP (4‐dimethylaminopyridine), is analyzed with DFT (Density Functional Theory) and NBO (Natural Bond Orbital) methods. The formation of a magnesium‐boryl species, [Mg](Bpin)(DMAP)], which exhibits boron “umpolung” nucleophilic behaviour, is explored through “inner” and “outer” sphere mechanisms, alongside a spontaneous base capture pathway. Charges, bond occupancies, Frontier Orbitals and a steric parameter are used to rationalise the mechanistic features of the system, as well as various reactivity observations. Functional testing results and attempts to model unusual 11B NMR data are also reported.
Continued atmospheric electric field measurements following cessation of the long‐term water dropper potential equalizer at Kakioka, Japan
Authors: Kamogawa Masashi , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Minamoto Yasuhiro , Nagao Toshiyasu , Kodama Tetsuya , Fujiwara Hironobu , Kudo Takeshi
Published: October 2023

Surface atmospheric electric field (AEF) measurements were conducted using a Kelvin water dropper equalizer by the Japan Meteorological Agency's geomagnetic observatory at Kakioka, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, from 1929 to February 28, 2021. To obtain AEF data successive to the water dropper measurement, we independently installed the field mills at Kakioka. In this present study, we estimated the calibration coefficients based on comparisons between the water dropper and the field mills through parallel observations over 3 days. The results revealed that the new observations could be regarded as continuous data. Our new data from the field mills in this study have begun the process of being distributed in GLObal Coordination of Atmospheric Electricity Measurements (GloCAEM) as both archived and real‐time data in 1 min and 1 s samplings.
Co‐design of a digital app “WhatMatters” to support person‐centred care: A critical reflection
Authors: Sakamoto Mariko , Guo Yi Peng (Ellen) , Wong Karen Lok Yi , Mann Jim , Berndt Annette , Boger Jennifer , Currie Leanne , Raber Caylee , Egeberg Eva , Burke Chelsea , Sood Garima , Lim Angelica , Yao Sasha , Phinney Alison , Hung Lillian
Published: October 2023

Background

People with dementia often do not receive optimal person‐centred care (PCC) in care settings. Family members can play a vital role as care partners to support the person with dementia with their psychosocial needs. Participatory research that includes the perspectives of those with lived experience is essential for developing high‐quality dementia care and practices.

Objective

Throughout 2021–2022, a mobile app, called WhatMatters, was co‐developed to provide easy‐to‐access and personalised support for people with dementia in hospitals and long‐term care homes, with input from patients/residents, family partners and healthcare staff. This article discusses and critically reflects on the experiences of patients/residents, family partners, and healthcare staff involved in the co‐design process.

Methods

For the app development, we applied a participatory co‐design approach, guided by a User Experience (UX) model. The process involved co‐design workshops and user testing sessions with users (patients/residents, family partners, healthcare staff) to co‐develop the WhatMatters prototype. We also conducted focus groups and one on one interviews with staff and caregiver participants to explore their experiences. Our research team, which also included patient partners, took part in regular team meetings during the app's development, where we discussed and reflected on the co‐design process. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed to identify themes that represent the challenges and rewarding experiences of the users involved in the co‐design process, which guided our overall reflective process.

Findings

Our reflective analysis identified five themes (1) clarifying the co‐design process, (2) ensuring inclusive collaborations of various users, and (3) supporting expression of emotion in a virtual environment, (4) feeling a sense of achievement and (5) feeling valued.

Implications

WhatMatters offers potential for providing personally relevant and engaging resources in dementia care. Including the voices of relevant users is crucial to ensure meaningful benefits for patients/residents. We offer insights and lessons learned about the co‐design process, and explore the challenges of involving people with lived experiences of dementia in co‐design work, particularly during the pandemic.