bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Distribution of Gravity Wave Sources and Fields in the Martian Atmosphere during Equinox and Solstice Inferred from a High-Resolution General Circulation Model
Authors: Kuroda Takeshi , Medvedev Alexander S. , Yiğit Erdal , Hartogh Paul
Published: September 2016

Results of simulations with a new high-resolution Martian general circulation model (MGCM) (T106 spectral resolution, or ~67-km horizontal grid size) have been analyzed to reveal global distributions of gravity waves (GWs) during the solstice and equinox periods. They show that shorter-scale harmonics progressively dominate with height, and the body force per unit mass (drag) they impose on the larger-scale flow increases. Mean magnitudes of the drag in the middle atmosphere are tens of meters per second per sol, while instantaneously they can reach thousands of meters per second per sol. Inclusion of small-scale GW harmonics results in an attenuation of the wind jets in the middle atmosphere and in the tendency of their reversal. GW energy in the troposphere due to the shortest-scale harmonics is concentrated in the low latitudes for both seasons and is in a good agreement with observations. The vertical fluxes of wave horizontal momentum are directed mainly against the larger-scale wind. Orographically generated GWs contribute significantly to the total energy of small-scale disturbances and to the drag created by the latter. These waves strongly decay with height, and thus the nonorographic GWs of tropospheric origin dominate near the mesopause. The results of this study can be used to better constrain and validate GW parameterizations in MGCMs.
All-Sky Microwave Radiance Assimilation in NCEP’s GSI Analysis System
Authors: Zhu Yanqiu , Liu Emily , Mahajan Rahul , Thomas Catherine , Groff David , Van Delst Paul , Collard Andrew , Kleist Daryl , Treadon Russ , Derber John C.
Published: September 2016

The capability of all-sky microwave radiance assimilation in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system has been developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). This development effort required the adaptation of quality control, observation error assignment, bias correction, and background error covariance to all-sky conditions within the ensemble–variational (EnVar) framework. The assimilation of cloudy radiances from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) microwave radiometer for ocean fields of view (FOVs) is the primary emphasis of this study.

In the original operational hybrid 3D EnVar Global Forecast System (GFS), the clear-sky approach for radiance data assimilation is applied. Changes to data thinning and quality control have allowed all-sky satellite radiances to be assimilated in the GSI. Along with the symmetric observation error assignment, additional situation-dependent observation error inflation is employed for all-sky conditions. Moreover, in addition to the current radiance bias correction, a new bias correction strategy has been applied to all-sky radiances. In this work, the static background error variance and the ensemble spread of cloud water are examined, and the levels of cloud variability from the ensemble forecast in single- and dual-resolution configurations are discussed. Overall, the all-sky approach provides more realistic simulated brightness temperatures and cloud water analysis increments, and improves analysis off the west coasts of the continents by reducing a known bias in stratus. An approximate 10% increase in the use of AMSU-A channels 1–5 and a 12% increase for channel 15 are also observed. The all-sky AMSU-A radiance assimilation became operational in the 4D EnVar GFS system upgrade of 12 May 2016.
A Latent Profile Analysis Investigating Factors Impacting Latino Adolescents’ Attendance in Treatment
Authors: Gattamorta Karina A. , McCabe Brian E. , Mena Maite P. , Santisteban Daniel A.
Published: September 2016

In this study, we examined data from 200 families to investigate whether family functioning and adolescent psychiatric symptomatology were associated with differential attendance in a family-based or individually focused intervention for Latino adolescents. Latent profile analysis was used to identify families, and regression models were used to examine whether profiles exhibited differential attendance. Overall, three latent profiles were observed. The first described families where parents and adolescents reported discrepancies on psychiatric symptoms and family conflict. The second profile described families with elevated adolescent psychiatric symptoms but no family conflict. The third profile described families with low family cohesion and high levels of adolescent psychiatric symptoms. For this third profile, attendance in family-based treatment was significantly higher than in individual treatment. Results indicate that a family-based intervention may be better able to address issues of poor family cohesion.
Revisiting the Canadian–Soviet barter proposal of 1932–1933: The Soviet perspective
Authors: Niergarth Kirk , Black J.L.
Published: September 2016

In the autumn of 1932, when Canada had massive agricultural surpluses and hunger was afflicting millions of Soviet citizens, a proposal to trade Canadian cattle for Soviet fuels attracted considerable public support. Negotiated by a syndicate of Canadian businessmen, the cattle–oil barter deal was initially stalled because Conservative prime minister R.B. Bennett was ideologically opposed to it. Soviet documents suggest that this was not the end of the story. Revisiting the cattle–oil barter in light of these documents complicates current accounts of Canadian–Soviet relations in this period and raises questions about the Bennett government’s attitude to international trade and sensitivity to the kind of public pressure exerted by the proposal’s many Canadian supporters. In spite of major obstacles, the potential mutual benefit of the project nearly overcame ingrained mutual distrust.
Harlow Shapley: The Making of an Observatory Director
Authors: Hoskin Michael
Published: September 2016

In 1919, the long-serving director of the Harvard College Observatory died. When the ambitious Harlow Shapley heard the news, although only in his early 30s, he resolved, if possible, to succeed him. But a problem emerged: Shapley was enlisted to debate the size of the Galaxy at a Washington meeting, where his opponent would be a noted speaker who was sure to defeat Shapley in front of an audience that included several involved in the Harvard appointment. The article describes the steps Shapley took to avoid or restrict the confrontation, and how in the end Shapley managed to secure the post, in which he became an outstanding success.
A Medieval Bright Star Table: The Non-Ptolemaic Star Table in the Īlkhānī Zīj
Authors: Mozaffari S. Mohammad
Published: September 2016

The Īlkhānī zīj compiled by Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī and his colleagues in the first period of the astronomical activities (the 1260s and early 1270s) in the Maragha observatory includes a star table collecting important observations of Islamic astronomers from the early ninth century through the third quarter of the thirteenth century, including the Mumtaḥan astronomers, Ibn al-A‘lam, Ibn Yūnus, as well as the Maragha astronomers themselves. This table gives the ecliptical coordinates of 18 bright stars in comparison with Ptolemy’s corresponding values. This medieval bright star table is especially interesting for two reasons: first, it provides reliable evidence for the examination of the accuracy of the observations made and the instruments employed (notably, an armillary sphere) in the Maragha observatory. Second, it facilitates a comparative study of the accuracy of stellar observations in medieval Middle Eastern astronomy in the period in question. We have obtained the result that the Maragha astronomers observed more accurate star longitudes than did their predecessors, while for the latitudes, all Islamic observers appear to have gained about the same degree of accuracy. We also discuss two delicate matters raised by this table: first, the problem of the use of the two different values for the rate of precession by the Maragha astronomers in order to convert earlier star longitudes to the epoch of the Īlkhānī zīj (1°/66 years for Ptolemy’s longitudes and 1°/70 years for those measured by their Islamic predecessors); second, the change in the star latitudes essentially related to the various values measured by Ptolemy and the Islamic astronomers represented side-by-side in it. Finally, we briefly discuss a small celestial globe designed by the son of Mu’ayyad al-Dīn al-‘Urḍī, the instrument-maker of the Maragha observatory.
Antimicrobial polymers: Antibacterial efficacy of silicone rubber–titanium dioxide composites
Authors: Felice Betiana , Seitz Vera , Bach Maximilian , Rapp Christin , Wintermantel Erich
Published: September 2016

Control and reduction of microorganism infections in high-risk environments is up to date a challenge. Traditional techniques imply several limitations including development of antibiotics resistance and ecotoxicity. Then, polymers functionalized with photocatalyts arise as a promising solution against a broad spectrum of microorganisms found at, e.g. sanitary, food, and medical environments. Here, we present silicone rubber–TiO2 composites as novel antibacterial polymers. Four different types of composites with different TiO2 contents were produced and analyzed under UV irradiation and dark conditions in terms of particle distribution, chemical composition, photocatalytic activity, wettability, and antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli. Under UV irradiation, antibacterial sensitivity assay showed a 1000 times reduction of colony forming units after 2 h of light exposure so that the antibacterial ability of silicone–TiO2 composites was proved. Photocatalytic activity assessment suggested that reactive oxygen species induced by photocatalytic reaction at TiO2 particles are the main cause of the observed antibacterial effect. Scanning electron microscopy indicated no topographical damage after UV exposure. In addition, chemical analysis through Raman and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopies demonstrated the stability of the silicone matrix under UV irradiation. Hence, the current work presents silicone–TiO2 composites as stable nonspecific antibacterial polymers for prevention of infections at multiple high-risk environments.
Coming Off Drugs
Authors: Walmsley Ian
Published: September 2016

Heroin withdrawal is perhaps one of the most taken-for-granted components of the addiction framework. Heroin users as well as researchers, policy makers, and practitioners have become dependent on it for thinking about and acting upon the process of heroin leaving the body. It is thought to be among the most challenging aspects of the recovery journey and has been linked to a range of public health, legal, and social problems. The taken-for-granted nature of heroin withdrawal has arguably limited its scrutiny in sociological and historical analyses. This article offers an alternative and critical perspective that draws attention to the heterogeneity of historical events and strategies that have left their mark on the withdrawing body of the heroin user. It maps changes in the discourse from the 18th century to the present and closes with developments in the neuroscience of addiction, which have relocated withdrawal from the body to the neurocircuitry of the brain and reframed it as a negative emotional state. This new language suggests the future of the discourse of withdrawal might be relatively short. The analysis moves beyond existing understandings of withdrawal as the simple absence of drugs from the body.
Efficacy of the READY-Girls Program on General Risk-Taking Behaviors, Condom Use, and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young Adolescent Females With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Thurheimer Jennifer , Sereika Susan M. , Founds Sandra , Downs Julie , Charron-Prochownik Denise
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the short-term efficacy (3 months) of early diabetes-specific READY-Girls preconception counseling (RGPC) on more general risk-taking behaviors, condom use, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescent females with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

Secondary analysis was performed with data pooled from 2 independent randomized controlled trials to evaluate the short-term impact of RGPC. The pooled sample had 136 participants (mean age, 16.9 years; range, 13-19 years) and compared those who received the RGPC (n = 76) with a control group who received standard care (n = 60). Both groups self-reported on demographic characteristics, risk-taking behaviors (eg, substance use and unsafe sex), birth control, and STIs.

Results

No effect of RGPC emerged on risk-taking behaviors, condom use, and STIs. Only 25% (n = 36) of the adolescents were sexually active at baseline, and 29% (n = 39) were sexually active at 3 months. Their overall mean age of sexual debut was 15.4 years, with more than half reporting an episode of unprotected sex. Condoms were the most frequent type of birth control used by both groups at both time points. By 3 months, only 4 participants had been diagnosed with an STI. Over time, subjects in both groups became more sexually active and used more condoms.

Conclusion

RGPC did not appear to directly affect general risk-taking behaviors or STIs, since it focuses on diabetes and reproductive health issues. Condom use did increase over time in both groups. More information on risk-taking behaviors and STIs should be included in diabetes-specific preconception counseling programs, including RGPC.
Report of decontamination at Tominari Elementary School
Authors: Katsumi S.
Published: September 2016

On 19 April 2011, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology designated 13 elementary schools, including Tominari Elementary School in Date city, as high-dose schools that needed to restrict outdoor activities due to the effects of the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Approximately 1 week later, the municipal government took action to remove the topsoil from the school grounds, and the prohibition of outdoor activities at Tominari Elementary School was lifted. The school staff continued to work on decontaminating the surrounding areas using high-pressure washers and brushes. There were certain positive outcomes, but a more effective decontamination method was required. In July 2011, the municipal government started an environmental remediation project, both inside and outside the school buildings, with researchers and decontamination workers at Tominari Elementary School, involving members of the Parent–Teacher Association (PTA), local communities, and volunteers using various effective and specialised forms of decontamination. As a result, Tominari Elementary School was able to recommence swimming lessons at the end of the first semester, which had been thought to be impossible. This article will provide information about the importance of ‘dialogue’ for decontamination, how engagement of the experts gave members of the PTA and the local community a feeling of ‘security and safety’, and how the decontamination work was an ever-expanding collaborative work of a large number of people.
Visiting time
Authors: Hutton Marie
Published: September 2016

Prison visitation remains an under-researched and under-theorised aspect of prison life. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, this article takes an in-depth look at the lived experience of the prison visit from the perspectives of prisoners and their visitors. First, this paper describes the inherently problematic nature of current visits practice reflecting on the restrictions placed on prisoners and families and the longer term implications for their lives post-release. Whilst acknowledging these fundamental flaws, the paper then, describes what can make some visiting experiences more ‘survivable’ than others by comparing visiting experiences at two ostensibly similar prisons
From passenger to pilot – Taking the lead and building a business critical information management strategy
Authors: Tyrrell Siân
Published: September 2016

Deciding to make the move from practitioner or manager to strategist is a career changing move for many in the information and knowledge management community. It is both exciting and daunting and the challenges of developing and delivering a successful information management strategy are well documented. This article reflects on the author’s experience of making this move and shares learning points for those who are considering developing their own information management strategy. From starting out with small successes, building personal stock and credibility and creating an audience for your strategy, through researching user needs and understanding your stakeholders, the author offers real-life examples and shares insights to support your decision making. Suggestions are given for linking information strategy to your organisation’s mission, values and objectives and insights are shared on managing financial and human resources to ensure successful delivery of the strategy. Far from being a step by step guide on what to put in your strategy document, this article provides honest advice on what to expect from the process of strategy development and delivery and how you can set yourself up to succeed.
Sex differences of human cortical blood flow and energy metabolism
Authors: Aanerud Joel , Borghammer Per , Rodell Anders , Jónsdottir Kristjana Y , Gjedde Albert
Published: September 2016

Brain energy metabolism is held to reflect energy demanding processes in neuropil related to the density and activity of synapses. There is recent evidence that men have higher density of synapses in temporal cortex than women. One consequence of these differences would be different rates of cortical energy turnover and blood flow in men and women. To test the hypotheses that rates of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) and cerebral blood flow are higher in men than in women in regions of cerebral cortex, and that the differences persist with aging, we used positron emission tomography to determine cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen as functions of age in healthy volunteers of both sexes. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen did not change with age for either sex and there were no differences of mean values of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen between men and women in cerebral cortex. Women had significant decreases of cerebral blood flow as function of age in frontal and parietal lobes. Young women had significantly higher cerebral blood flow than men in frontal and temporal lobes, but these differences had disappeared at age 65. The absent sex difference of cerebral energy turnover suggests that the known differences of synaptic density between the sexes are counteracted by opposite differences of individual synaptic activity.
Behavior Risk Factors Among Russian University Students Majoring in Medicine, Education, and Exercise Science
Authors: Anischenko Aleksander , Gurevich Konstantin , Arhangelskaya Anna , Klenov Michael , Burdukova Ekaterina , Ogarev Valrii , Ignatov Nikolay , Osadchenko Irina
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To analyze the prevalence of select behavioral risk factors among Russian university students majoring in medicine, education, and exercise science.

Methods

A total of 834 students from five Federal universities located in four federal regions of Russia were included in the study. The purposive sample included future doctors, school teachers, and fitness trainers. Students were asked specifically about smoking, level of physical activity, and food preferences. To calculate body mass indices (BMIs), waist, hip, weight, and height were also measured.

Results

Smoking rates, level of activity, and nutritional habits were significantly different by age, but BMI was not. Smoking rates and BMI were significantly different by gender, but level of activity and nutritional habits were not. Like the differences found by age, smoking rates, level of activity, and nutritional habits were significantly different by ethnicity, but BMI was not. There were significant difference across all behavioral health risk factors by region. The results show significantly higher levels of physical inactivity, consumption of unhealthy foods, and high BMIs among medical students compared with future teachers and wellness instructors ( p < .05). In the same time, the smoking levels are the highest among future teachers. The highest prevalence of smoking was found to be associated with gender (for females living Moscow and for males in rural regions), and Russian ethnic group.

Conclusion

Tailored programs to prevent common health behavior risk factors among future medical doctors are urgently needed in the Russian Federation.
HSP32 and HSP90 Immunoexpression, in Relation to Kit Pattern, Grading, and Mitotic Count in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors
Authors: Romanucci M. , Massimini M. , Ciccarelli A. , Malatesta D. , Bongiovanni L. , Gasbarre A. , Della Salda L.
Published: September 2016

Literature data indicate heat shock protein (Hsp) 32 and 90 as potential molecular targets in canine neoplastic mast cells (MCs). However, their immunoexpression patterns in canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) have not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Hsp32 and Hsp90 in 22 canine cutaneous MCTs, in relation to KIT immunolabeling pattern, histological grade, and mitotic count. All cases showed cytoplasmic labeling of Hsp90, variably associated with nuclear and/or membranous labeling. Relationships of Hsp90 or Hsp32 immunolabeling with KIT pattern, mitotic count, and tumor grade were not observed. However, the reduced Hsp32 immunoexpression observed in most grade III/high-grade MCTs suggests a tendency toward a loss of immunosignal in poorly differentiated MCs. The great heterogeneity in extent and distribution of Hsp90 immunoexpression among the different MCT cases may also partially explain the difficulties in predicting the in vivo biologic activity of Hsp90 inhibitors on canine MCTs.
Pedagogies Across Subjects
Authors: Szeto Elson , Cheng Annie Yan Ni
Published: September 2016

This case study examines preservice teachers’ integration of technology in teaching various subject domains. It aims to gain in-depth understandings of preservice teachers’ pedagogical patterns for teaching through the theoretical lens of technological pedagogical and content knowledge. Multiple data sources were collected in a teacher education institution in Hong Kong. The teachers’ pedagogical patterns vary depending on their instructional decisions affected by individual preferences, various subject cultures, and individual school settings. The patterns reflected various forms of technological pedagogical and content knowledge development in teaching different subjects. Implications for preparation of preservice teachers’ pedagogy, teacher preparation, and development are also discussed.
Behavioral Timing without Clockwork
Authors: Tyler Nicholas J. C. , Gregorini Pablo , Forchhammer Mads C. , Stokkan Karl-Arne , van Oort Bob E. H. , Hazlerigg David G.
Published: September 2016

Occurrence of 24-h rhythms in species apparently lacking functional molecular clockwork indicates that strong circadian mechanisms are not essential prerequisites of robust timing, and that rhythmical patterns may arise instead as passive responses to periodically changing environmental stimuli. Thus, in a new synthesis of grazing in a ruminant (MINDY), crepuscular peaks of activity emerge from interactions between internal and external stimuli that influence motivation to feed, and the influence of the light/dark cycle is mediated through the effect of low nocturnal levels of food intake on gastric function. Drawing on risk allocation theory, we hypothesized that the timing of behavior in ruminants is influenced by the independent effects of light on motivation to feed and perceived risk of predation. We predicted that the antithetical relationship between these 2 drivers would vary with photoperiod, resulting in a systematic shift in the phase of activity relative to the solar cycle across the year. This prediction was formalized in a model in which phase of activity emerges from a photoperiod-dependent trade-off between food and safety. We tested this model using data on the temporal pattern of activity in reindeer/caribou Rangifer tarandus free-living at natural mountain pasture in sub-Arctic Norway. The resulting nonlinear relationship between the phasing of crepuscular activity and photoperiod, consistent with the model, suggests a mechanism for behavioral timing that is independent of the core circadian system. We anticipate that such timing depends on integration of metabolic feedback from the digestive system and the activity of the glucocorticoid axis which modulates the behavioral responses of the animal to environmental hazard. The hypothalamus is the obvious neural substrate to achieve this integration.
The Implications of Brain MRI in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Cooper Alison S. , Friedlaender Eron , Levy Susan E. , Shekdar Karuna V. , Bradford Andrea Bennett , Wells Kimberly E. , Mollen Cynthia
Published: September 2016

Our objective was to describe the types of providers who refer children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the referral reason, and MRI results. The most common referral reasons were autism spectrum disorder with seizures (33.7%), autism spectrum disorder alone (26.3%), and autism spectrum disorder with abnormal neurologic examination or preexisting finding (24%). Neurology (62.5%), general pediatric (22.3%), and developmental/behavioral practitioners (8.9%) referred the most patients. The prevalence of definite pathology was highest in children referred for autism spectrum disorder with abnormal neurologic examination/preexisting finding (26.2%, 95% CI: 16.8%-36%), headaches (25.7%, 95% CI: 11.2%-40.2%), or seizures (22%, 95% CI: 14.6%-29.5%), and was lowest in children referred for autism spectrum disorder alone (6.5%, 95% CI: 1.5%-11.6%). We concluded that there is a low prevalence of definite pathology in children with autism spectrum disorder undergoing brain MRI. In children with abnormal neurologic examination or preexisting finding, seizures, or headaches, one may consider performing brain MRI given the higher prevalence of pathology.
Blood Glucose Variability: A Strong Independent Predictor of Neurological Outcomes in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Okazaki Tomoya , Hifumi Toru , Kawakita Kenya , Shishido Hajime , Ogawa Daisuke , Okauchi Masanobu , Shindo Atsushi , Kawanishi Masahiko , Tamiya Takashi , Kuroda Yasuhiro
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

In patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), increased glucose variability (GV) is associated with increased mortality and cerebral infarction; however, there are no reports demonstrating an association between GV and neurological outcome. This study investigated whether GV had an independent effect on neurological outcomes in patients with SAH in the intensive care unit.

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive adult patients hospitalized with SAH between January 1, 2009, and May 31, 2015 (N = 122) were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate/multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of poor neurological outcome. Patients were divided according to the mean glucose level (80-139 vs 140-200 mg/dL) and further subdivided using quartiles (Q) of the standard deviation (SD, representing variability) of the glucose level (Q1, Q2 + 3, and Q4).

Results:

Unfavorable neurological outcomes occurred in 44.2% of the patients. On multiple regression analysis, age, Hunt and Kosnik grade, SD of glucose (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.17; P < .01), and minimum blood glucose level (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99; P < .01) were significantly associated with unfavorable neurological outcomes. Both groups (mean glucose levels: 80-139 and 140-200 mg/dL groups) had increasing unfavorable neurological outcomes with increasing SD of glucose (Q1, 15.0%; Q2 + 3, 40.0%; Q4, 52.4% and Q1, 44.4%; Q2 + 3, 50%; Q4, 88.9% in the 80-139 and 140-200 mg/dL groups, respectively). Patients with minimum glucose of <90 mg/dL comprised >50% of unfavorable neurological outcome.

Conclusion:

Increased GV was an independent predictor of unfavorable neurological outcomes in patients with SAH.
Path Analysis of Campus Walkability/Bikeability and College Students’ Physical Activity Attitudes, Behaviors, and Body Mass Index
Authors: Horacek Tanya M. , Dede Yildirim E. , Kattelmann K. , Brown O. , Byrd-Bredbenner C. , Colby S. , Greene G. , Hoerr S. , Kidd T. , Koenings M. M. , Morrell J. , Olfert M. D , Phillips B. , Shelnutt K. , White A.
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the walkability/bikeability of college campuses and students’ body mass index (BMI) with student physical activity (PA) attitudes and behaviors as potential mediators.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

Thirteen university campuses.

Participants:

A total of 1384 student participants.

Measures:

Walkability/bikeability environmental score (ES): 12-item audit assessed an average of 44 path segments per campus. Students were measured for height and weight and completed online surveys. Physical activity stage of change/behavior intentions were assessed using the transtheoretical model. The Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed outcome expectations, self-regulation, and personal barriers. International Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed walking-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity PA.

Analysis:

Descriptive statistics, zero-order correlations, and path analysis with maximum likelihood estimation.

Results:

The overall model fit was good with χ2 of 171.388 ( df = 18), P < .001, comparative fit index value of .95, and a root mean square of approximation of .079. After controlling for gender, there was a direct negative association between walkability/bikeability ES and BMI (β = −.085) and positive association between personal barriers and BMI (β = .134). Walkability/bikeability ES was positively associated with walking-intensity PA (β = .010). Self-regulation was positively associated with moderate-intensity PA (β = .213), which, in turn, was negatively associated with BMI (β = −.057).

Conclusions:

The ease of walking and biking on a campus was related to college students’ walking behavior and their BMI. Students’ PA behavioral intentions were associated with moderate PA and lower BMI. These results provide evidence to focus on policies and structural supports for walkable/bikeable environments to supplement and enhance interventions encouraging individual behavior change for PA and weight management.
Food Service Guideline Policies on State Government–Controlled Properties
Authors: Zaganjor Hatidza , Bishop Kendrick Katherine , Warnock Amy Lowry , Onufrak Stephen , Whitsel Laurie P. , Ralston Aoki Julie , Kimmons Joel
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Food service guideline (FSG) policies can impact millions of daily meals sold or provided to government employees, patrons, and institutionalized persons. This study describes a classification tool to assess FSG policy attributes and uses it to rate FSG policies.

Design:

Quantitative content analysis.

Setting:

State government facilities in the United States.

Participants:

Participants were from 50 states and District of Columbia in the United States.

Measures:

Frequency of FSG policies and percentage alignment to tool.

Analysis:

State-level policies were identified using legal research databases to assess bills, statutes, regulations, and executive orders proposed or adopted by December 31, 2014. Full-text reviews were conducted to determine inclusion. Included policies were analyzed to assess attributes related to nutrition, behavioral supports, and implementation guidance.

Results:

A total of 31 policies met the inclusion criteria; 15 were adopted. Overall alignment ranged from 0% to 86%, and only 10 policies aligned with a majority of the FSG policy attributes. Western states had the most FSG policies proposed or adopted (11 policies). The greatest number of FSG policies were proposed or adopted (8 policies) in 2011, followed by the years 2013 and 2014.

Conclusion:

The FSG policies proposed or adopted through 2014 that intended to improve the food and beverage environment on state government property vary considerably in their content. This analysis offers baseline data on the FSG landscape and information for future FSG policy assessments.
Effect of the filler amount on the optical absorption properties and the surface features of polymeric joints based on biomedical UHMWPE welded by a Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Visco AM , Torrisi L , Galtieri G , Scolaro C
Published: September 2016

Polymeric materials can be welded by the laser transmission welding technique in order to join two or more sheets. At the interface of the polymer sheets, the released energy induces melting that is assisted by pressure, producing a fast and resistant welding. In this research, single-lap polymeric joints of biomedical ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene sheets were realized; one of the two polymer sheets was doped, at different concentrations, with carbon nanomaterials as a laser absorbent filler. A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser operating in the wavelength of 532 nm and of 1064 nm with an intensity of the order of 109 W/cm2 was employed to obtain a joint at the interface between the transparent polymer and the absorbent one. The mechanical shear resistance of the prepared joints was related to the optical absorption feature of the polymeric materials. Besides, surface analyses such as hardness, roughness and wettability in different inorganic and organic fluids were presented and discussed. The result of characterization analyses indicated the best filler amount in order to have a mechanically resistant joint with surface properties also suitable for the biomedical employment.
Hypersensitivity Reaction Following Administration of Low-Dose Oral Vancomycin for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile in a Patient With Normal Renal Function
Authors: Baumgartner Laura J. , Brown Lauren , Geier Curt
Published: September 2016

Systemic absorption of oral vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile is thought to be trivial in patients without risk factors for increased systemic absorption and is often overlooked in clinical practice. A 51-year-old male elicits a suspected immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity following administration of low-dose oral vancomycin for the treatment of severe C difficile. The patient had normal renal function and was administered low doses of the medication, however, had a medical history significant for diverticulitis. Applying the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale, a score of 5 was obtained, indicating a probable association between the administration of oral vancomycin and the hypersensitivity reaction. This case demonstrates that hypersensitivity reactions following low-dose oral vancomycin administration in patients with severe C difficile are possible, despite having normal renal function. Other risk factors for systemic absorption of oral vancomycin need to be evaluated in the literature, including severity of disease and underlying gastrointestinal processes.
When Task Conflict Becomes Personal
Authors: Guenter Hannes , van Emmerik Hetty , Schreurs Bert , Kuypers Tom , van Iterson Ad , Notelaers Guy
Published: September 2016

Although potentially beneficial, task conflict may threaten teams because it often leads to relationship conflict. Prior research has identified a set of interpersonal factors (e.g., team communication, team trust) that help attenuate this association. The purpose of this article is to provide an alternative perspective that focuses on the moderating role of performance-related factors (i.e., perceived team performance). Using social identity theory, we build a model that predicts how task conflict associates with growth in relationship conflict and how perceived team performance influences this association. We test a three-wave longitudinal model by means of random coefficient growth modeling, using data from 60 ongoing teams working in a health care organization. Results provide partial support for our hypotheses. Only when perceived team performance is low, do task conflicts relate with growth in relationship conflict. We conclude that perceived team performance seems to enable teams to uncouple task from relationship conflict.
Development, Implementation, and Outcomes of a Delirium Protocol in the Surgical Trauma Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Sullinger Danine , Gilmer Alexander , Jurado Lesly , Zimmerman Lisa Hall , Steelman Joshua , Gallagher Ann , Dupre Tiffany , Acquista Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

Background: Delirium in the critically ill is associated with increased mortality, length of stay (LOS), and prolonged cognitive dysfunction. Existing guidelines provide no recommendation for use of combination nonpharmacological and pharmacological prevention protocols or use of antipsychotic medications for the prevention or treatment of delirium. Objective: This study evaluated the impact of implementing a delirium treatment protocol on the number of delirium-free days experienced by acutely delirious patients in the surgical trauma intensive care unit (STICU). Methods: This retrospective, institutional review board–approved, pre-implementation (PRE) versus post-implementation (POST) cohort evaluated delirious patients admitted to the STICU. Patients were evaluated based on the duration of delirium. Secondary end points included ICU LOS, amount of atypical and typical antipsychotic medication used, amount of analgesia and sedation used, and adverse drug events associated with antipsychotics. Results: Of the 593 evaluated, 89 patients were included (38 PRE vs 51 POST). Implementation of a delirium protocol reduced the number of delirious days, 8.2 ± 5.7 days PRE versus 4.5 ± 4.4 days POST; P = 0.001. ICU LOS in surviving patients and use of concomitant medications, intravenous morphine equivalents, and propofol were significantly reduced in the POST group. Conclusion: The implementation of a delirium protocol with nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions had an impact on STICU patients experiencing acute delirium by significantly increasing delirium-free days and reducing the ICU LOS, in addition to decreased administration of concomitant medications.
Efficacy and Outcomes After Vasopressin Guideline Implementation in Septic Shock
Authors: Wu Janet Y. , Stollings Joanna L. , Wheeler Arthur P. , Semler Matthew W. , Rice Todd W.
Published: September 2016

Background: In septic shock, the dose of norepinephrine (NE) at which vasopressin (AVP) should be added is unknown. Following an increase in AVP price, our medical intensive care unit (MICU) revised its vasopressor guidelines to reserve AVP for patients requiring greater than 50 µg/min of NE. Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare efficacy and safety outcomes for patients admitted before the guideline revision with those for patients admitted after the revision. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to Vanderbilt University Medical Center from November 1, 2014, to November 30, 2015. Before June 1, 2015, the vasopressor guidelines recommended initiation of AVP for patients requiring 10 µg/min of NE or greater. After June 1, 2015, the guidelines recommended initiation of AVP at a NE dose of 50 µg/min or greater. Results: Time to achieve goal mean arterial pressure (MAP) was shorter in the postintervention group (2.0 vs 1.3 hours; P = 0.03) in univariate analysis but not after adjusting for prespecified confounders. Incidence of new arrhythmias was similar between the 2 groups (14.9% vs 10.9%; P = 0.567). In multivariable analysis accounting for baseline severity of illness, admission after the revision was associated with decreased 28-day mortality (odds ratio = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.16-0.71; P = 0.004). Conclusions: Use of a vasopressor guideline restricting AVP initiation in septic patients to those on at least 50 µg/min of NE appeared to be safe and did not affect the time to reach goal MAP.
Men’s Networking for Gender Justice
Authors: Nardini Krizia
Published: September 2016

Concerned with the ways in which profeminist men’s organizing is taking shape in contemporary Italy and Spain, this article focuses on the collective engagement of men working toward gender justice in the current context of globalized/localized economic crisis and information society. This article results from the author’s PhD ethnographic research conducted among profeminist actors in Italy and Spain, and constitutes a reworked version of the paper presented at the American Men’s Studies Association (AMSA) International Conference 2015 in New York City (NYC).
Acoustic and vibrational characteristics of a propeller–shaft–hull coupled system based on sono-elasticity theory
Authors: Qi LB , Wu YS , Zou MS , Duan Yong , Shen MX
Published: September 2016

The three-dimensional sono-elasticity method recently developed by Zou ((2014) Three-dimensional sono-elasticity of ships. PhD Dissertation, China Ship Scientific Research Center, China) and Wu ((1984) Hydroelasticity of floating bodies. PhD Dissertation, Brunel University, UK) is employed to explore the acoustic and vibrational characteristics of a propeller–shaft–hull coupled system. The acoustic field can be solved by introducing Green’s function for the ideal compressible fluid together with the Price–Wu generalized fluid–structure interface boundary conditions. The vibration of a ship structure is governed by the generalized equations, including added mass, damping and restoring coefficients. In order to discover the mechanisms underlying the acoustic and vibrational characteristics of the propeller–shaft–hull coupled system, numerical models for hull structures with a shaft and without a shaft are designated. Through modal analysis, the correlations of the line spectra of acoustic radiation and the corresponding vibration modes of the hull are clearly identified. Through further numerical analysis, the appropriate location of the base for the thrust bearing and installation schemes are recommended.
Numerical investigation of chatter suppression in milling using active fixtures in open-loop control
Authors: Sallese Lorenzo , Grossi Niccolò , Scippa Antonio , Campatelli Gianni
Published: September 2016

Among the chatter suppression techniques in milling, active fixtures seem to be the most industrially oriented, mainly because these devices could be directly retrofittable to a variety of machine tools. The actual performances strongly depend on fixture design and the control logic employed. The usual approach in the literature, derived from general active vibration control applications, is based on the employment of adaptive closed-loop controls aimed at mitigating the amplitude of chatter frequencies with targeted counteracting vibrations. Whilst this approach has proven its effectiveness, a general application would demand a wide actuation bandwidth that is practically impeded by inertial forces and actuator-related issues. This paper presents the study of the performance of alternative open-loop actuation strategies in suppressing chatter phenomena, aiming at limiting the required actuation bandwidth. A dedicated time-domain simulation model, integrating fixture dynamics and the features of piezoelectric actuators, is developed and experimentally validated in order to be used as a testing environment to assess the effectiveness of the proposed actuation strategies. An extensive numerical investigation is then carried out to highlight the most influential factors in assessing the capability of suppressing chatter vibrations. The results clearly demonstrated that the regenerative effect could be effectively disrupted by actuation frequencies close to half the tooth-pass frequency, as long as adequate displacement is provided by the actuators. This could sensibly increase the critical axial depth of cut and hence improve the achievable material removal rate, as discussed in the paper.
Exact natural frequencies and buckling load of functionally graded material tapered beam-columns considering semi-rigid connections
Authors: Rezaiee-Pajand M , Masoodi Amir R
Published: September 2016

An exact free vibration and buckling analysis of a tapered beam-column with general connections is calculated. All structural elements are made of functionally graded material. In this study, a power function is assumed for the variation of the elastic modulus along the cross-section’s height. Extensional-coupling effects are considered in the proposed formulation. By solving the related fourth-order differential equation, the exact answers are obtained. The Bessel functions are utilized in this solution. In addition, the effect of connection flexibility is assessed by considering rotational and transitional springs at the two ends of the element. The suggested stiffness matrix can analyze the free vibration and buckling of a frame made of functionally graded material tapered beam-columns with semi-rigid connections and supports. To validate the proposed formulation, several benchmarks and novel examples are separately analyzed. All numerical findings clearly demonstrate the usefulness of the authors’ scheme.
Evaluator and Program Manager Perceptions of Evaluation Capacity and Evaluation Practice
Authors: Fierro Leslie A. , Christie Christina A.
Published: September 2016

The evaluation community has demonstrated an increased emphasis and interest in evaluation capacity building in recent years. A need currently exists to better understand how to measure evaluation capacity and its potential outcomes. In this study, we distributed an online questionnaire to managers and evaluation points of contact working in grantee programs funded by four large federal public health programs. The goal of the research was to investigate the extent to which assessments of evaluation capacity and evaluation practice are similar or different for individuals representing the same program. The research findings revealed both similarities and differences within matched respondent pairs, indicating that whom one asks to rate evaluation capacity in an organization matters.