bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Levistilide A on Hemorheology and Endothelial Cell Injury in Rats with Blood Stasis
Authors: Liu XiaoTong , Zhang MiJia , Li YuJiao , He WenLu , Lu GuangHua , Wang Qiong , Wang QiaoZhi
Published: December 2021

Background. Vascular endothelial cell injury is not only the initiating factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases but also the essence of blood stasis. Levistilide A (LA), a natural component isolated from the traditional Chinese herb, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has traditional effects on improving blood circulation and removing stasis. In this study, the effects and potential mechanisms of LA in the rat model of blood stasis and the mechanism in endothelial cell injury have been explored. Materials and Methods. In this experiment, the effects of LA on the model of acute blood stasis in rats were explored. The blood samples were collected for the measurement of coagulation and hemorheological indices, and the carotid arteries were also excised from rats for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, the improvement effects of LA on the H2O2-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury model were evaluated. And the cell viability detection was conducted by the CCK8 assay, and the pathway-related protein expressions were detected by western blotting. Results. In vivo, compared with the model group, the treatment of LA (10 mg/kg) could reduce the FIB (fibrinogen) content (

P
<
0.01

), increase the INR (international normalized ratio) and PT (prothrombin time) (

P
<
0.01

), and reduce the plasma viscosity (

P
<
0.05

) and whole blood viscosities of low, medium, and high shear rates in the blood of blood stasis model rats (

P
<
0.01

). In vitro, the cell viability in the LA-pretreated group was higher than that of the model group (

P
<
0.05

). The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and eNOs in the LA-pretreated group were increased (

P
<
0.01

) as compared to the model group. Conclusion. These findings demonstrated that LA has the ability to improve blood hypercoagulation and blood viscosity, and enhance the viability of cells. It is more likely that it exerts a protective effect on the endothelial cell through the PI3K-AKT-eNOs pathway. These results indicate LA will be a potential candidate to cure blood stasis with endothelial cell injury.
Rare Presentation of Hypoglycemia in a Patient with Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Aldahash Raed
Published: December 2021

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is a rare type of aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and arriving at a final diagnosis for this tumor is a challenge for the healthcare providers. Usually, it involves the lymph nodes and extranodal tissues such as the lungs, skin, and other soft tissues. Its presentation by extending into different organs such as the liver, lungs, bones, spleen, and thyroid is rare. Thus, involvement of other organs is very rare as we found in a 54-year-old male patient, a known case of hypertension and end-stage renal disease who was on hemodialysis, who presented to the emergency department with a history of generalized weakness and weight loss of about 20 kg for two months. The tumor cells are positive for CD45, CD30, CD15, MUMi, and Ki-67 (80%) and negative for CD20, PAX-5, CD79a, CD3, CD5, CD10, BCL6, BCL2, EMA, ALK-1, and CD138. The patient was hypoglycemic and hypercalcemic and was managed accordingly. The patient was evaluated, and the third assessment showed that hypoglycemia was resolved due to dexamethasone. The patient’s glucose storage was depleted most likely due to liver involvement plus poor general condition. It was asserted that the patient’s hypoglycemia could be related to his underlying malignancy. Also, the patient was advised to start tablet diazoxide 45 mg three times a day (3 mg/kg/day TID) in addition to levothyroxine tablet 50 mcg once a day. Tablet diazoxide was stopped, and nutritional support was recommended. This case reveals a rare systematic ALK-1-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma that involves multiple organs. The main learning point from this report is that these tumors can present atypically even in adults and can be ALK-1 negative, which is contrary to the typical systematic anaplastic large-cell lymphomas that are positive for ALK.
Recognition and Optimization Analysis of Urban Public Sports Facilities Based on Intelligent Image Processing
Authors: Li Hao , Li Dujuan
Published: December 2021

In the utilization of urban public facilities, it is found that the number of people under 18 years who exercise accounts for 29.5% of the total number of people surveyed, 32.8% between 18 and 65 years, and 37.7% over 65 years. The elderly have become the main population of public facilities, and the aging of cities is becoming more and more obvious. Strengthening the construction and development of urban public facilities has become the main work of current urban construction, and planning public facilities can effectively alleviate the pressure of urban public facilities. Through image recognition to promote urban sports public service, we improve the management efficiency of urban sports public service, facilitate residents′ sports, and improve residents′ satisfaction and happiness index. Through image recognition to manage portraits and objects, the safety of residents′ sports and sports facilities is guaranteed, and the management efficiency is improved. The experimental results show that R‐CNN, FAST R‐CNN, and Faster R‐CNN in urban public facilities can be intelligently recognized by image recognition technology for comparison. Faster R‐CNN has good accuracy and low average time. Finally, the study analyzes the service cost of public facilities, compared with traditional public services, with the application of public services under image recognition, so as to guide different groups of people to make full use of public service facilities to improve their quality of life and realize the good behavior of the national movement.
The Generalizability of Patients’ Preferences and Concerns regarding Anesthesia Care for Cesarean Delivery: A Prospective Survey
Authors: Smith Aaron J. , Daly Jaime , Arnolds David E. , Scavone Barbara M. , Carvalho Brendan
Published: December 2021

Background. False assumptions regarding the generalizability of patients’ expectations and preferences across different demographic groups may contribute in part to the increased prevalence of negative peripartum outcomes seen among women of color. The intention of this study was to determine preferences and concerns regarding anesthesia care during cesarean delivery in a largely African-American population and to compare them to those obtained in a prior study conducted in a demographically distinct population. Methods. Women presenting for scheduled cesarean delivery or induction of labor completed a preoperative survey requesting demographic information and the opportunity to rank ten common potential anesthetic outcomes in relation to each other from most to least desirable. Participants were also asked about their biggest fear concerning their anesthetic and their preferences and expectations regarding degree of wakefulness, pain, and other adverse events. Those who underwent cesarean delivery were administered a briefer postoperative survey. We tabulated preference rankings and then compared demographic and outcome data to that obtained in a previous study with a demographically dissimilar population. Results. A total of 73 women completed the preoperative survey, and 64 took the postoperative survey. Pain during and after cesarean delivery was ranked as least desirable outcomes and fear of paralysis was respondents’ principal concern with neuraxial anesthesia. Postoperative concerns were similar to preoperative concerns and did not correlate with the frequency with which specific adverse outcomes occurred. These results were consistent with those from the previous study despite the women in this study being more likely to be younger, unmarried, African-American, and less educated than those in the previous investigation. Conclusions. Patient preference rankings and concerns were remarkably similar to those previously demonstrated despite a number of demographic differences between the two populations, suggesting generalizability of these preferences to a broader obstetric population.
Online Traffic Accident Spatial-Temporal Post-Impact Prediction Model on Highways Based on Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Li Duowei , Wu Jianping , Peng Depin
Published: December 2021

Traffic accident management as an approach to improve public security and reduce economic losses has received public attention for a long time, among which traffic accidents post-impact prediction (TAPIP) is one of the most important procedures. However, existing systems and methodologies for TAPIP are insufficient for addressing the problem. The drawbacks include ignoring the recovery process after clearance and failing to make comprehensive prediction in both time and space domain. To this end, we build a 3-stage TAPIP model on highways, using the technology of spiking neural networks (SNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). By dividing the accident lifetime into two phases, i.e., clean-up phase and recovery phase, the model extracts characteristics in each phase and achieves prediction of spatial-temporal post-impact variables (e.g., clean-up time, recovery time, and accumulative queue length). The framework takes advantage of SNNs to efficiently capture accident spatial-temporal features and CNNs to precisely represent the traffic environment. Integrated with an adaptation and updating mechanism, the whole system works autonomously in an online manner that continues to self-improve during usage. By testing with a new dataset CASTA pertaining to California statewide traffic accidents on highways collected in four years, we prove that the proposed model achieves higher prediction accuracy than other methods (e.g., KNN, shockwave theory, and ANNs). This work is the introduction of SNNs in the traffic accident prediction domain and also a complete description of post-impact in the whole accident lifetime.
A Case of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease-Like Uveitis Induced by Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Combination Therapy
Authors: Minami Keisuke , Egawa Mariko , Kajita Keisuke , Murao Fumiko , Mitamura Yoshinori
Published: December 2021

Nivolumab and ipilimumab are widely used immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. ICPIs cause an array of side effects called immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) due to activation of an immune response. ICPI-uveitis can cause irreversible vision loss if untreated. There are few reports of recurrent Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease-like uveitis induced by nivolumab and ipilimumab. We report a case of VKH disease-like uveitis recurrence after resuming ICPIs. A 73-year-old man with advanced melanoma was referred to our clinic with visual loss 25 days after starting nivolumab/ipilimumab. His corrected visual acuity was 0.5 in the right eye and 0.02 in the left eye. Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) showed marked choroid thickening. The patient was diagnosed with VKH disease-like uveitis due to IRAEs. Subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide was performed, and nivolumab/ipilimumab was suspended, but serous retinal detachment (SRD) markedly worsened and choroidal detachment appeared. With 2 courses of steroid pulse therapy and oral steroids, SRD disappeared, and corrected visual acuity recovered in both eyes. Five months after the first injection, exacerbation of melanoma was observed, and nivolumab and oral steroids were restarted. Six weeks later, an increase in choroidal thickness was observed with EDI-OCT and diagnosed as a recurrence of VKH disease-like uveitis. Monitoring for the recurrence of VKH disease-like uveitis during the administration of ICPIs, even after uveitis is treated, is essential. Assessment of choroidal thickness with EDI-OCT may be useful for detecting early signs of VKH disease-like uveitis.
ACCESS - IoT enabled smart lock
Authors: Gadupu Harshith , Mokharji Osa , Kankaria Raunak , Kumar Shrey , Jayavel Kayalvizhi
Published: December 2021

ACCESS is a centrally controlled extensible security system - a system for enhancing accessibility and security methods. Security is an important matter of concern and everyone wants things easy and fast with the advancement of technology. Many IoT engineers are inclined towards home automation today. An area of recent interest is the automation of lock and key systems of homes and workplaces. This paper comprises mechanisms to view visitors of households, machinery, or any appliance that may be remotely controlled through a mobile application. Owners or supervisors can keep a watch on the guests and choose whom they want to grant entry to. This is conducted by providing the guests with temporary access permission for a validity period of the owner’s choice. They can also simultaneously monitor the activities of the guests.
Le chiffre et la pensée du risque: une mythologie au présent
Authors: Brie Guillaume
Published: December 2021

Le texte fait l’hypothèse d’un mythe du chiffre dans nos sociétés contemporaines en recourant à la pensée de Roland Barthes sur un sujet où on ne l’attend guère : la critique de la pensée du risque, dans le contexte pénal. En effet, aujourd’hui, le chiffre, avec ses ornements scientifiques et rationnels, constituerait la vertu cardinale d’une politique bien conduite : les indicateurs divers auxquels il donne lieu conduiraient vers la bonne « gouvernance » sous les atours de ce que Barthes appellerait une parole innocente. Pire, déshistoricisé et manipulé sans mise en perspective réelle, celui-ci serait devenu un signe qui tourne à vide (un « fétiche » ?), exonérant ceux qui l’emploient d’assumer le réel dans sa complexité. Dans cet univers du chiffre, nous assisterions ainsi au déploiement d’une nouvelle narration que nous proposons de discuter. Et l’idée de ce texte est peut-être ici, dans les plis du réel et du politique, éclairés par la pensée de Barthes et ses Mythologies. Dans ces perspectives, deux questions principales se posent : d’une part, que se passe-t-il lorsque le chiffre passe pour plus vrai que la réalité ? D’autre part, ne serait-il pas déjà devenu notre seconde nature ?
Roland Barthes: intervenciones de un encuento
Authors: Simón Gabriela
Published: December 2021

Este artículo recoge la vigencia y la actualidad del legado barthesiano; legado que se muestra a partir de diversas figuras que se dibujan a lo largo de sus textos. Las figuras propuestas para pensar la herencia de Barthes son: el enunciador tantálico, el átopos o extranjero, el semiólogo enamorado, el deseo de lo neutro y el “querer-vivir”.  Así se configura un mapa posible, hecho de figuras que dialogan entre sí, dicho de otro modo, se constituye un trazado que permite múltiples entradas y posibilidades de recorrido. La singularidad del pensamiento de Roland Barthes, diseminado en estas figuras, permite entrever su  potencia para “pensar el presente”, como quería Michel Foucault. Dicho de otro modo, se trata de una mirada que abre un horizonte que posibilita fabricar otros modos de pensar, de leer y de escribir.
Macrophage-Specific IGF-1 Overexpression Reduces CXCL12 Chemokine Levels and Suppresses Atherosclerotic Burden in Apoe-Deficient Mice
Authors: Snarski Patricia , Sukhanov Sergiy , Yoshida Tadashi , Higashi Yusuke , Danchuk Svitlana , Chandrasekar Bysani , Tian Di , Rivera-Lopez Vikara , Delafontaine Patrick
Published: December 2021

Objective:

IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) exerts pleiotropic effects including promotion of cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and anabolism. We have shown that systemic IGF-1 administration reduced atherosclerosis in Apoe
−/
−
(apolipoprotein E deficient) mice, and this effect was associated with a reduction in lesional macrophages and a decreased number of foam cells in the plaque. Almost all cell types secrete IGF-1, but the effect of macrophage-derived IGF-1 on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is poorly understood. We hypothesized that macrophage-derived IGF-1 will reduce atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

We created macrophage-specific IGF-1 overexpressing mice on an Apoe
−
/
−
background. Macrophage-specific IGF-1 overexpression reduced plaque macrophages, foam cells, and atherosclerotic burden and promoted features of stable atherosclerotic plaque. Macrophage-specific IGF1 mice had a reduction in monocyte infiltration into plaque, decreased expression of CXCL12 (CXC chemokine ligand 12), and upregulation of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter 1), a cholesterol efflux regulator, in atherosclerotic plaque and in peritoneal macrophages. IGF-1 prevented oxidized lipid-induced CXCL12 upregulation and foam cell formation in cultured THP-1 macrophages and increased lipid efflux. We also found an increase in cholesterol efflux in macrophage-specific IGF1–derived peritoneal macrophages.

Conclusions:

Macrophage IGF-1 overexpression reduced atherosclerotic burden and increased features of plaque stability, likely via a reduction in CXCL12-mediated monocyte recruitment and an increase in ABCA1-dependent macrophage lipid efflux.
Nalfurafine, a G-Protein–Biased KOR (Kappa Opioid Receptor) Agonist, Enhances the Diuretic Response and Limits Electrolyte Losses to Standard-of-Care Diuretics
Authors: Meariman Jacob K. , Sutphen Jane C. , Gao Juan , Kapusta Daniel R.
Published: December 2021

Nalfurafine is a G-protein–biased KOR (kappa opioid receptor) agonist that produces analgesia and lacks central nervous system adverse effects. Here, we examined the cardiovascular and renal responses to intravenous and oral nalfurafine alone and in combination with furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, or amiloride. We hypothesized that nalfurafine, given its distinct mechanism of vasopressin inhibition, would increase urine output to these diuretics and limit electrolyte loss. Following catheterization, conscious Sprague-Dawley rats received an isotonic saline infusion and were then administered an intravenous bolus of nalfurafine, a diuretic, or a combination. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and urine output were recorded for 90 minutes. In another study, rats were placed in metabolic cages and administered drug in an oral volume load. Hourly urine samples were then collected for 5 hours. Intravenous and oral nalfurafine produced a marked diuresis, antinatriuresis, antikaliuresis, and a decrease in mean arterial pressure. Compared with diuretic treatment alone, intravenous coadministration with nalfurafine significantly increased urine output to furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide and decreased sodium and potassium excretion. Notably, mean arterial pressure was reduced with nalfurafine/diuretic combination therapy compared to diuretics alone. Similarly, oral coadministration of nalfurafine significantly increased urine output to hydrochlorothiazide and decreased sodium and potassium excretion, whereas combination with furosemide only limited the amount of sodium excreted. Further, both intravenous and oral coadministration of nalfurafine enhanced the diuresis to amiloride and decreased sodium excretion. Together, these findings demonstrate that nalfurafine enhances the diuresis to standard-of-care diuretics without causing an excessive loss of electrolytes, offering a new approach to treat several cardiovascular conditions.
Association of Digoxin With Preserved Echocardiographic Indices in the Interstage Period: A Possible Mechanism to Explain Improved Survival?
Authors: Batsis Maria , Kochilas Lazaros , Chin Alvin J. , Kelleman Michael , Ferguson Eric , Oster Matthew E.
Published: December 2021

Background

For patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, digoxin has been associated with reduced interstage mortality after the Norwood operation, but the mechanism of this benefit remains unclear. Preservation of right ventricular (RV) echocardiographic indices has been associated with better outcomes in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Therefore, we sought to determine whether digoxin use is associated with preservation of the RV indices in the interstage period.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data using the public use data set from the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial, conducted in 15 North American centers between 2005 and 2008. We included all patients who survived the interstage period and had echocardiographic data post‐Norwood and pre‐Glenn operations. We used multivariable linear regression to compare changes in RV parameters, adjusting for relevant covariates. Of 289 patients, 94 received digoxin at discharge post‐Norwood. There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics or post‐Norwood echocardiographic RV indices (RV end‐diastolic volume indexed, RV end‐systolic volume indexed, ejection fraction) in the digoxin versus no‐digoxin groups. At the end of the interstage period and after adjustment for relevant covariates, patients on digoxin had better preserved RV indices compared with those not on digoxin for the ΔRV end‐diastolic volume (11 versus 15 mL,
P
=0.026) and the ΔRV end‐systolic volume (6 versus 9 mL,
P
=0.009) with the indexed ΔRV end‐systolic volume (11 versus 20 mL/BSA
1.3
,
P
=0.034). The change in the RV ejection fraction during the interstage period between the 2 groups did not meet statistical significance (−2 versus −5,
P
=0.056); however, the trend continued to be favorable for the digoxin group.

Conclusions

Digoxin use during the interstage period is associated with better preservation of the RV volume and tricuspid valve measurements leading to less adverse remodeling of the single ventricle. These findings suggest a possible mechanism of action explaining digoxin’s survival benefit during the interstage period.
Contacts With the Health Care System Before Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Zylyftari Nertila , Møller Sidsel G. , Wissenberg Mads , Folke Frederik , Barcella Carlo A. , Møller Amalie Lykkemark , Gnesin Filip , Mills Elisabeth Helen Anna , Jensen Britta , Lee Christina Ji‐Young , Tan Hanno L. , Køber Lars , Lippert Freddy , Gislason Gunnar H. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian ,   for the ESCAPE‐NET Investigators
Published: December 2021

Background

It remains challenging to identify patients at risk of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to examine health care contacts in patients before OHCA compared with the general population that did not experience an OHCA.

Methods and Results

Patients with OHCA with a presumed cardiac cause were identified from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (2001–2014) and their health care contacts (general practitioner [GP]/hospital) were examined up to 1 year before OHCA. In a case‐control study (1:9), OHCA contacts were compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched background population. Separately, patients with OHCA were examined by the contact type (GP/hospital/both/no contact) within 2 weeks before OHCA. We included 28 955 patients with OHCA. The weekly percentages of patient contacts with GP the year before OHCA were constant (25%) until 1 week before OHCA when they markedly increased (42%). Weekly percentages of patient contacts with hospitals the year before OHCA gradually increased during the last 6 months (3.5%–6.6%), peaking at the second week (6.8%) before OHCA; mostly attributable to cardiovascular diseases (21%). In comparison, there were fewer weekly contacts among controls with 13% for GP and 2% for hospital contacts (
P
<0.001). Within 2 weeks before OHCA, 57.8% of patients with OHCA had a health care contact, and these patients had more contacts with GP (odds ratio [OR], 3.17; 95% CI, 3.09–3.26) and hospital (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 2.21–2.43) compared with controls.

Conclusions

The health care contacts of patients with OHCA nearly doubled leading up to the OHCA event, with more than half of patients having health care contacts within 2 weeks before arrest. This could have implications for future preventive strategies.
An 1853 Map of the Yoruba Country
Authors: Ogundiwin Babatunde A.
Published: December 2021

This paper examines an 1853 map of Yorubaland that reflects the evangelisation discourse of the American Southern Baptist Convention. Starting from 1845, the SBC began an evangelical drive towards the ‘saving’ of Africans in West Africa as a form of self-compensation in their attempt to prove that they were not against ‘Black Africans’ in the United States. Yet there were geographical notions of distinguishing Africans to be converted but these views of the white Southern Baptist brethren were reframed owing to field experiences of the missionary-explorer in the early 1850s. Drawing on a critical cartographic approach, this article argues that this map was culturally constructed. This study explores the map construction within the contexts of evangelical zeal, the preconceived geographical theories of West Africa, and exploratory accounts of Thomas Bowen. Consequently, the article reveals the interconnectedness of the church, the missionary-explorer, African informants and the mapmaker in geographical knowledge production. As a result, the study concludes that an ideological perspective reflects in cartographic knowledge presented on the map.
The Obs-Services and their potentials for biodiversity data assessments with a test of the current reliability of photo-identification of Coleoptera in the field
Authors: Molls Christian
Published: December 2021

The current reliability of species identifications by the Nature Identification API (NIA) of the app ObsIdentify is tested with a Coleoptera (Insecta) sample set from Germany. Seventy-five photographic beetle records taken with a smartphone camera under “average user” conditions are analysed in terms of correctness of the app’s identification result on various taxonomic levels, the displayed confidence level of the identification and the time until validation of the results. More than 60% of samples were identified correctly at the species level, but only 53% were validated within a month. The mechanisms by which users can upload pictures of their observations to be identified by the artificial intelligence and the validation process by experts are briefly explained. Regional specifics and further opportunities for data usage as well as currently existing problems are discussed and improvements are suggested. The expert validation of records is identified as a huge quality advantage of the Obs-Services. They are generally found to be a promising tool for lay people and professional institutions, despite still existing deficiencies such as identification failure in mutilated specimens, cryptic and rare species, doubtful species rarity ratings as well as the still insufficient capacity of validation. Experts and institutions are encouraged to volunteer as validators and collaborators.
No longer endemic to Africa: Kribiodosis Kieffer, 1921 (Diptera, Chironomidae) new to Oriental China with a phylogeny and expanded adult generic diagnoses
Authors: HAN WU , LIU JIE , LUO YIFAN , TANG HONGQU
Published: December 2021

Kribiodosis Kieffer, 1921, an African genus of Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae), is newly recorded from the Oriental region through a new species K. cantonensis sp. n. Detailed descriptions of the male, female and a DNA barcode are provided. With the inclusion of the new species bearing scutal tubercle and fused tibial comb, the generic diagnosis needs revision and expansion. The phylogenetic position of Kribiodosis within the tribe Chironomini is explored based on five concatenated genetic makers (18S, 28S, CAD1, CAD4 and COI-3P) using both mixed-model Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. Kribiodosis is placed as a core member of the Microtendipes group but its precise sister group remains unclear. Inclusion of the analysis of Nilodosis Kieffer, another Chironomini genus with an African-Oriental distribution, reveals an unexpected robust position as sister to a large and diverse inclusive group of many Chironomini.
Проблема жанрової типології рецензій на термінологічні словники
Authors: Петрова [Petrova] Тетяна [Tetiana] О. [O.]
Published: December 2021

The Issue of Genre Typology of Terminological Dictionary ReviewsThis article considers the terminological dictionary review as an integral genre that combines the features of scientific communication, language criticism, source studies, literary studies and publicism.As stressed, critical sub-discourse is a component of evaluative discourse, and reviews of scientific works are a typical manifestation of evaluative discourse and critical sub-discourse.A multidimensional genre typology of post-publication reviews of terminological dictionaries is developed on the basis of such features as: the number of authors; the specialities of reviewers; the type of a journal where the review is published; the scope of information in the review; the number of dictionaries under consideration; the type of specialist dictionaries under review; presence/absence of scientific discussion, i.e. presence/absence of a response to the review; the style of the text of the review; the time between the release of the dictionary and the publication of the review. Problem typologii gatunkowej recenzji słowników terminologicznychArtykuł definiuje recenzję słownika terminologicznego jako gatunek integralny, łączący w sobie cechy komunikacji naukowej, krytyki językowej, źródłoznawstwa, literaturoznawstwa i publicystyki.W tekście podkreśla się, że subdyskurs krytyczny jest elementem dyskursu ewaluacyjnego, a recenzja badań naukowych jest typowym przejawem dyskursu ewaluacyjnego i subdyskursu krytycznego.Omawia się wieloaspektową typologię recenzji popublikacyjnych słowników terminologicznych, uwzględniając elementy takie jak: liczba autorów; specjalizację recenzentów; typ czasopisma, w którym zamieszczono recenzję; zakres informacji zawartych w recenzji; liczbę omawianych słowników; typ recenzowanych słowników specjalistycznych; obecność/brak dyskusji naukowej, tzn. obecność/brak odpowiedzi na recenzję; styl tekstu recenzji; czas, jaki upłynął między publikacją słownika a pojawieniem się recenzji.
Linguistic and Cultural Perceptions of Selected Occupations in Eighteenth-Century Proverbs (on the Basis of "Nowy dykcjonarz" by Michał Abraham Troc)
Authors: Kuryłowicz Beata , Szamryk Konrad Kazimierz
Published: December 2021

Linguistic and Cultural Perceptions of Selected Occupations in Eighteenth-Century Proverbs (on the Basis of Nowy dykcjonarz by Michał Abraham Troc)This paper is an attempt to show the possibilities offered by an analysis of a historical dictionary in researching the old ways of perceiving, categorizing and evaluating the world. The observations in question are based on proverbs extracted from Nowy dykcjonarz by Michał Abraham Troc, which is one of the most significant achievements of Polish lexicography of the eighteenth century.Using the methodology of linguistic worldview reconstruction, the authors present the ways of perceiving certain occupations (shoemakers, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, cooks, doctors, executioners) by people in the eighteenth century and provide the cultural context of these perceptions. The analysis demonstrates that language is not only a communication tool, but also a carrier of the collective experience and outlook on life. Językowa i kulturowa percepcja zawodów w XVIII-wiecznych przysłowiach (na materiale Nowego dykcjonarza Michała Abrahama Troca)Celem niniejszego tekstu jest wskazanie możliwości, jakie daje analiza słownika historycznego w badaniu dawnych sposobów postrzegania, kategoryzowania i wartościowania świata. Rozważania te opierają się na przysłowiach zaczerpniętych z Nowego dykcjonarza Michała Abrahama Troca. Słownik ten jest jednym z najważniejszych osiągnięć polskiej leksykografii XVIII wieku.Posługując się metodologią językowego obrazu świata, autorzy rekonstruują językowo-kulturowy sposób postrzegania zawodów (szewców, kowali, kołodziejów, kucharzy, lekarzy, katów) utrwalony w osiemnastowiecznych przysłowiach. Przedstawiona analiza dowodzi, że język jest nie tylko narzędziem komunikacji, ale także nośnikiem zbiorowego doświadczenia i poglądu na świat.
Direction Finding and Likelihood Ratio Detection for Oceanographic HF Radars
Authors: Emery Brian , Kirincich Anthony , Washburn Libe
Published: December 2021

Previous work with simulations of oceanographic high-frequency (HF) radars has identified possible improvements when using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for direction of arrival; however, methods for determining the number of emitters (here defined as spatially distinct patches of the ocean surface) have not realized these improvements. Here we describe and evaluate the use of the likelihood ratio (LR) for emitter detection, demonstrating its application to oceanographic HF radar data. The combined detection–estimation methods MLE-LR are compared with multiple signal classification method (MUSIC) and MUSIC parameters for SeaSonde HF radars, along with a method developed for 8-channel systems known as MUSIC-Highest. Results show that the use of MLE-LR produces similar accuracy, in terms of the RMS difference and correlation coefficients squared, as previous methods. We demonstrate that improved accuracy can be obtained for both methods, at the cost of fewer velocity observations and decreased spatial coverage. For SeaSondes, accuracy improvements are obtained with less commonly used parameter sets. The MLE-LR is shown to be able to resolve simultaneous closely spaced emitters, which has the potential to improve observations obtained by HF radars operating in complex current environments.

Significance Statement

We identify and test a method based on the likelihood ratio (LR) for determining the number of signal sources in observations subject to direction finding with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Direction-finding methods are used in broad-ranging applications that include radar, sonar, and wireless communication. Previous work suggests accuracy improvements when using MLE, but suitable methods for determining the number of simultaneous signal sources are not well known. Our work shows that the LR, when combined with MLE, performs at least as well as alternative methods when applied to oceanographic high-frequency (HF) radars. In some situations, MLE and LR obtain superior resolution, where resolution is defined as the ability to distinguish closely spaced signal sources.
A comprehensive genome-wide scan detects genomic regions related to local adaptation and climate resilience in Mediterranean domestic sheep
Authors: Tsartsianidou Valentina , Sánchez-Molano Enrique , Kapsona Vanessa Varvara , Basdagianni Zoitsa , Chatziplis Dimitrios , Arsenos Georgios , Triantafyllidis Alexandros , Banos Georgios
Published: December 2021

Background

The management of farm animal genetic resources and the adaptation of animals to climate change will probably have major effects on the long-term sustainability of the livestock sector. Genomic data harbour useful relevant information that needs to be harnessed for effectively managing genetic resources. In this paper, we report the genome characterization of the highly productive Mediterranean Chios dairy sheep and focus on genetic diversity measures related with local adaptation and selection and the genetic architecture of animal resilience to weather fluctuations as a novel adaptative trait linked to climate change.

Results

We detected runs of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity (ROHet) that revealed multiple highly homozygous and heterozygous hotspots across the Chios sheep genome. A particularly highly homozygous region was identified on chromosome 13 as a candidate of directional genetic selection associated with milk traits, which includes annotated genes that were previously shown to be linked to local adaptation to harsh environmental conditions. Favourable heterozygosity related with a potentially protective role against livestock diseases and enhanced overall fitness was revealed in heterozygous-rich regions on sheep chromosomes 3, 10, 13 and 19. Furthermore, genomic analyses were conducted on sheep resilience phenotypes that display changes in milk production in response to weather variation. Sheep resilience to heat stress was a significantly heritable trait (h2 = 0.26) and genetically antagonistic to milk production. Genome-wide association and regional heritability mapping analyses revealed novel genomic markers and regions on chromosome 5 that were significantly associated with sheep resilience to climate change. Subsequently, an annotation analysis detected a set of genes on chromosome 5 that were associated with olfactory receptor complexes that could participate in heat stress mitigation through changes in respiration rate and respiratory evaporation. Other genes were grouped in previously reported biological processes relevant to livestock heat dissipation, including stress and immune response.

Conclusions

Our results may contribute to the optimal management of sheep genetic resources and inform modern selective breeding programmes that aim at mitigating future environmental challenges towards sustainable farming, while better balancing animal adaptation and productivity. Our results are directly relevant to the studied breed and the respective environmental conditions; however, the methodology may be extended to other livestock species of interest.
BreakNet: detecting deletions using long reads and a deep learning approach
Authors: Luo Junwei , Ding Hongyu , Shen Jiquan , Zhai Haixia , Wu Zhengjiang , Yan Chaokun , Luo Huimin
Published: December 2021

Background

Structural variations (SVs) occupy a prominent position in human genetic diversity, and deletions form an important type of SV that has been suggested to be associated with genetic diseases. Although various deletion calling methods based on long reads have been proposed, a new approach is still needed to mine features in long-read alignment information. Recently, deep learning has attracted much attention in genome analysis, and it is a promising technique for calling SVs.

Results

In this paper, we propose BreakNet, a deep learning method that detects deletions by using long reads. BreakNet first extracts feature matrices from long-read alignments. Second, it uses a time-distributed convolutional neural network (CNN) to integrate and map the feature matrices to feature vectors. Third, BreakNet employs a bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) model to analyse the produced set of continuous feature vectors in both the forward and backward directions. Finally, a classification module determines whether a region refers to a deletion. On real long-read sequencing datasets, we demonstrate that BreakNet outperforms Sniffles, SVIM and cuteSV in terms of their F1 scores. The source code for the proposed method is available from GitHub at https://github.com/luojunwei/BreakNet.

Conclusions

Our work shows that deep learning can be combined with long reads to call deletions more effectively than existing methods.
Genome-wide identification, characteristics and expression of the prolamin genes in Thinopyrum elongatum
Authors: Ge Wenyang , Gao Yu , Xu Shoushen , Ma Xin , Wang Hongwei , Kong Lingrang , Sun Silong
Published: December 2021

Background

Prolamins, unique to Gramineae (grasses), play a key role in the human diet. Thinopyrum elongatum (syn. Agropyron elongatum or Lophopyrum elongatum), a grass of the Triticeae family with a diploid E genome (2n = 2x = 14), is genetically well-characterized, but little is known about its prolamin genes and the relationships with homologous loci in the Triticeae species.

Results

In this study, a total of 19 α-gliadin, 9 γ-gliadin, 19 ω-gliadin, 2 high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS), and 5 low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes were identified in the Th. elongatum genome. Micro-synteny and phylogenetic analysis revealed dynamic changes of prolamin gene regions and genetic affinities among Th. elongatum, Triticum aestivum, T. urartu and Aegilops tauschii. The Th. elongatum genome, like the B subgenome of T. aestivum, only contained celiac disease epitope DQ8-glia-α1/DQ8.5-glia-α1, which provided a theoretical basis for the low gluten toxicity wheat breeding. The transcriptome data of Th. elongatum exhibited differential expression in quantity and pattern in the same subfamily or different subfamilies. Dough rheological properties of T. aestivum-Th. elongatum disomic substitution (DS) line 1E(1D) showed higher peak height values than that of their parents, and DS6E(6D) exhibited fewer α-gliadins, which indicates the potential usage for wheat quality breeding.

Conclusions

Overall, this study provided a comprehensive overview of the prolamin gene family in Th. elongatum, and suggested a promising use of this species in the generation of improved wheat breeds intended for the human diet.
Identification and functional deciphering suggested the regulatory roles of long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs) in increasing grafting pepper resistance to Phytophthora capsici
Authors: Yin Junliang , Yan Jiahui , Hou Lu , Jiang Liling , Xian Wenrong , Guo Qingyun
Published: December 2021

Background

As a popular and valuable technique, grafting is widely used to protect against soil-borne diseases and nematodes in vegetable production. Growing evidences have revealed that long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs) are strictly regulated and play essential roles in plants development and stress responses. Nevertheless, genome-wide identification and function deciphering of pepper lincRNAs, especially for their roles in improving grafting pepper resistance to Phytophthora capsici is largely unknown.

Results

In this study, RNA-seq data of grafting and control pepper plants with or without P. capsici inoculation were used to identify lincRNAs. In total, 2,388 reliable lincRNAs were identified. They were relatively longer and contained few exons than protein-coding genes. Similar to coding genes, lincRNAs had higher densities in euchromatin regions; and longer chromosome transcribed more lincRNAs. Expression pattern profiling suggested that lincRNAs commonly had lower expression than mRNAs. Totally, 607 differentially expressed lincRNAs (DE-lincRANs) were identified, of which 172 were found between P. capsici resistance grafting pepper sample GR and susceptible sample LDS. The neighboring genes of DE-lincRNAs and miRNAs competitively sponged by DE-lincRNAs were identified. Subsequently, the expression level of DE-lincRNAs was further confirmed by qRT-PCR and regulation patterns between DE-lincRNAs and neighboring mRNAs were also validated. Function annotation revealed that DE-lincRNAs increased the resistance of grafting prepper to P. capsici by modulating the expression of disease-defense related genes through cis-regulating and/or lincRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks.

Conclusions

This study identified pepper lincRNAs and suggested their potential roles in increasing the resistance level of grafting pepper to P. capsici.
Identification and expression analysis of the glycosyltransferase GT43 family members in bamboo reveal their potential function in xylan biosynthesis during rapid growth
Authors: Li Zhen , Wang Xinyue , Yang Kebin , Zhu Chenglei , Yuan Tingting , Wang Jiongliang , Li Ying , Gao Zhimin
Published: December 2021

Background

Xylan is one of the most abundant hemicelluloses and can crosslink cellulose and lignin to increase the stability of cell walls. A number of genes encoding glycosyltransferases play vital roles in xylan biosynthesis in plants, such as those of the GT43 family. However, little is known about glycosyltransferases in bamboo, especially woody bamboo which is a good substitute for timber.

Results

A total of 17 GT43 genes (PeGT43–1 ~ PeGT43–17) were identified in the genome of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), which belong to three subfamilies with specific motifs. The phylogenetic and collinearity analyses showed that PeGT43s may have undergone gene duplication, as a result of collinearity found in 12 pairs of PeGT43s, and between 17 PeGT43s and 10 OsGT43s. A set of cis-acting elements such as hormones, abiotic stress response and MYB binding elements were found in the promoter of PeGT43s. PeGT43s were expressed differently in 26 tissues, among which the highest expression level was found in the shoots, especially in the rapid elongation zone and nodes. The genes coexpressed with PeGT43s were annotated as associated with polysaccharide metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis. qRT–PCR results showed that the coexpressed genes had similar expression patterns with a significant increase in 4.0 m shoots and a peak in 6.0 m shoots during fast growth. In addition, the xylan content and structural polysaccharide staining intensity in bamboo shoots showed a strong positive correlation with the expression of PeGT43s. Yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that PeMYB35 could recognize the 5′ UTR/promoter of PeGT43–5 by binding to the SMRE cis-elements.

Conclusions

PeGT43s were found to be adapted to the requirement of xylan biosynthesis during rapid cell elongation and cell wall accumulation, as evidenced by the expression profile of PeGT43s and the rate of xylan accumulation in bamboo shoots. Yeast one-hybrid analysis suggested that PeMYB35 might be involved in xylan biosynthesis by regulating the expression of PeGT43–5 by binding to its 5′ UTR/promoter. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of PeGT43s in moso bamboo and lays a foundation for further functional analysis of PeGT43s for xylan biosynthesis during rapid growth.
Integrated transcriptome and small RNA sequencing analyses reveal a drought stress response network in Sophora tonkinensis
Authors: Liang Ying , Wei Kunhua , Wei Fan , Qin Shuangshuang , Deng Chuanhua , Lin Yang , Li Mingjie , Gu Li , Wei Guili , Miao Jianhua , Zhang Zhongyi
Published: December 2021

Background

Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep is a traditional Chinese medical plant that is mainly cultivated in southern China. Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that negatively impacts S. tonkinensis growth. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the responses to drought stress in S. tonkinensis at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels are not well understood.

Results

To identify genes and miRNAs involved in drought stress responses in S. tonkinensis, both mRNA and small RNA sequencing was performed in root samples under control, mild drought, and severe drought conditions. mRNA sequencing revealed 66,476 unigenes, and the differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were associated with several key pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, sugar metabolism, and quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis pathways. A total of 10 and 30 transcription factors (TFs) were identified among the DEGs under mild and severe drought stress, respectively. Moreover, small RNA sequencing revealed a total of 368 miRNAs, including 255 known miRNAs and 113 novel miRNAs. The differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes were involved in the regulation of plant hormone signal transduction, the spliceosome, and ribosomes. Analysis of the regulatory network involved in the response to drought stress revealed 37 differentially expressed miRNA-mRNA pairs.

Conclusion

This is the first study to simultaneously profile the expression patterns of mRNAs and miRNAs on a genome-wide scale to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the drought stress responses of S. tonkinensis. Our results suggest that S. tonkinensis implements diverse mechanisms to modulate its responses to drought stress.