bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contravariant Finiteness and Iterated Strong Tilting
Authors: Huisgen-Zimmermann Birge , Nazemian Zahra , Saorín Manuel
Published: November 2022

Let $\mathcal {P}^{<\infty } ({\Lambda }\text {-mod})$

P

<
∞

(
Λ
-mod
)
be the category of finitely generated left modules of finite projective dimension over a basic Artin algebra Λ. We develop a widely applicable criterion that reduces the test for contravariant finiteness of $\mathcal {P}^{<\infty } ({\Lambda }\text {-mod})$

P

<
∞

(
Λ
-mod
)
in Λ-mod to corner algebras eΛe for suitable idempotents e ∈Λ. The reduction substantially facilitates access to the numerous homological benefits entailed by contravariant finiteness of $\mathcal {P}^{<\infty } ({\Lambda }\text {-mod})$

P

<
∞

(
Λ
-mod
)
. The consequences pursued here hinge on the fact that this finiteness condition is known to be equivalent to the existence of a strong tilting object in Λ-mod. We moreover characterize the situation in which the process of strongly tilting Λ-mod allows for unlimited iteration: This occurs precisely when, in the category $\text {mod-}\widetilde {\Lambda }$
mod-

Λ

~

of right modules over the strongly tilted algebra $\widetilde {\Lambda }$

Λ

~

, the subcategory of modules of finite projective dimension is in turn contravariantly finite; the latter condition can, once again, be tested on suitable corners eΛe of the original algebra Λ. In the (frequently occurring) positive case, the sequence of consecutive strong tilts, $\widetilde {\Lambda }$

Λ

~

, $\widetilde {\widetilde {\Lambda }}$

Λ

~

~

, $\widetilde {\widetilde {\widetilde {\Lambda }}}, \dots $

Λ

~

~

~

,
…

, is shown to be periodic with period 2 (up to Morita equivalence); moreover, any two adjacent categories in the sequence $\mathcal {P}^{<\infty } (\text {mod-}\widetilde {\Lambda })$

P

<
∞

(
mod-

Λ

~

)
, $\mathcal {P}^{<\infty }(\widetilde {\widetilde {\Lambda }}\text {-mod})$

P

<
∞

(

Λ

~

~

-mod
)
, $\mathcal {P}^{<\infty }(\text {mod-}\widetilde {\widetilde {\widetilde {\Lambda }}}), \dots $

P

<
∞

(
mod-

Λ

~

~

~

)
,
…

, alternating between right and left modules, are dual via contravariant Hom-functors induced by tilting bimodules which are strong on both sides. Our methods rely on comparisons of right $\mathcal {P}^{<\infty }$

P

<
∞

-approximations in the categories Λ-mod, eΛe-mod and the Giraud subcategory of Λ-mod determined by e; these interactions hold interest in their own right. In particular, they underlie our analysis of the indecomposable direct summands of strong tilting modules.
Gesundheitsversorgung für Frauen nach häuslicher und sexualisierter Gewalt am Beispiel des Landes Hessen
Authors: Haneck Stefanie , Hahn Daphne
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Häusliche und sexualisierte Gewalt stellt eine Bedrohung für die Gesundheit von Frauen dar. Seit die Istanbul-Konvention 2018 in Deutschland in Kraft trat, besteht die Anforderung einer adäquaten Gesundheitsversorgung für gewaltbetroffene Frauen. Bisher gibt es keine systematischen Übersichten zu regional bestehenden Versorgungsangeboten und -situationen im Bereich der gesundheitlichen Versorgung nach Gewalterlebnissen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es wird ein Überblick über die Versorgungsangebote und -situationen im Gesundheitsbereich sowie deren Rahmenbedingungen in Hessen gegeben sowie identifizierte Versorgungslücken aufgezeigt.

Methode

Es wurden 34 Expert*inneninterviews mit Gesundheitsfachkräften in Kliniken und anderen Gesundheitseinrichtungen, mit Mitarbeiter*innen von Koordinierungsstellen und Beratungsstellen sowie Frauenbeauftragten geführt. Die Interviews wurden mit der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergänzend erfolgte eine Internetrecherche nach Gesundheitsangeboten, die auf Gewalt spezialisiert sind.

Ergebnisse

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in Hessen Angebote zur gesundheitlichen Versorgung nach häuslicher und sexualisierter Gewalt nicht in jedem Landkreis vorhanden sind. Insbesondere im ländlichen Raum ist eine adäquate gesundheitliche Versorgung nicht gesichert, was zu ungleichen Chancen für die Betroffenen führt. Es konnten Unterschiede zwischen Angeboten, die auf Gewalt spezialisiert sind, und anderen Gesundheitseinrichtungen festgestellt werden. Während innerhalb der spezialisierten Angebote Vorgaben zu Inhalten und Abläufen existieren, ist die Versorgung in anderen Einrichtungen vom persönlichen Engagement der jeweiligen Gesundheitsfachkräfte abhängig.

Schlussfolgerung

Im Sinne der Istanbul-Konvention kann in Hessen eine adäquate Gesundheitsversorgung nach häuslicher und sexualisierter Gewalt nicht gewährleistest werden und es besteht weiterer Handlungsbedarf.
Quality prediction for milling processes: automated parametrization of an end-to-end machine learning pipeline
Authors: Fertig Alexander , Preis Christoph , Weigold Matthias
Published: November 2022

The application of modern edge computing solutions within machine tools increasingly empowers the recording and further processing of internal data streams. The datasets derived by contextualized data acquisition form the basis for the development of novel data-driven approaches for quality monitoring. Nevertheless, for the desired data-driven modeling and data handling, heavily specialized human resources are required. Additionally, domain experts are indispensable for adequate data preparation. To reduce the manual effort regarding data analysis and modeling this paper presents a new approach for an automated parametrization of an end-to-end machine learning pipeline (MLPL) to develop and select the best-performing quality prediction models for usage in machining production. This supports domain experts with a lack of specific knowledge of data science to develop well-performing models for machine learning-based quality prediction of milled workpieces. The results show that the presented algorithm enables the automated generation of data-driven models at high prediction performances to use for quality monitoring systems. The algorithm’s performance is tested and evaluated on four real-world datasets to ensure transferability.
Recommendations of the Spanish brachytherapy group of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology and the Spanish Society of Medical Physics for interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy for gynaecologic malignancies
Authors: Gutiérrez Miguélez Cristina , Rodríguez Villalba Silvia , Villafranca Iturre Elena , Fuentemilla Urio Naiara , Richart Sancho Jose , Córdoba Lago Sofía , Pino Sorroche Francisco , Gracia Lucio Ruth , Herreros Martínez Antonio , Najjari-Jamal Dina ,   GEB (Spanish Brachytherapy Group)
Published: November 2022

The present document includes consensus-based recommendations from the Brachytherapy Group (GEB) of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR) and the Spanish Society of Medical Physics (SEFM) for interstitial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) for gynaecologic malignancies. A nine-item survey—which included questions on experience with interstitial BT; indications and technique; applicator type; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based planning; dose; fractionation schedule; and treatment planning—was sent to all radiation oncology departments (n = 174) in Spain in 2021. Responses were received from 36 centres (50% of all centres [n = 72] with a BT unit). The consensus-based recommendations presented here are based on a review of the available literature, professional experience among the group of experts, and in-person discussions held during the annual meeting of these two societies. We describe the results of the survey and the following: indications; contraindications; patient selection; description of applicators; role of imaging in planning; contouring; dose prescription; dosimetric reconstruction; optimisation; and dose indications for cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. The various clinical scenarios in which interstitial BT is used in the treatment of gynaecological tumours are described in detail, including cervix intracavitary/interstitial hybrid HDR-BT; cervix perineal templates/freehand implants; primary vaginal malignancies/vaginal recurrences; and vulvar interstitial implants.
Inter-Organisational Entanglements in Migrant Support Ecologies: Action and Collaboration Supporting Labour Market Integration
Authors: Lugosi Peter , Allis Thiago , Della Croce Clara , Morano-Foadi Sonia
Published: November 2022

This paper examines inter-organisational behaviours in what we call ‘migrant support ecologies’ – shared physical and abstract spaces where multiple organisations work to help migrants access and transition within the labour market. Drawing on composite data generated through studies conducted in the UK and Brazil, we argue that actors and organisations in such environments operate in ‘common goal domains’, in which objectives are related but not necessarily integrated or coordinated, and they consequently adopt diverse interactional practices. We distinguish between four ideal types of migrant support organisation based on their activity scope and stakeholder focus before outlining how different organisations and their constituent actors engage in tactical and strategic coupling practices, reflecting shorter and more episodic interactions alongside complex, multithreaded ones. The findings show how different forms of cooperative arrangements may be pursued based on organisations’ capacities, focus and the types of value they seek to create for organisations, migrants and wider societies.
A tree-of-tangles theorem for infinite tangles
Authors: Elm Ann-Kathrin , Kurkofka Jan
Published: November 2022

Carmesin has extended Robertson and Seymour’s tree-of-tangles theorem to the infinite tangles of locally finite infinite graphs. We extend it further to the infinite tangles of all infinite graphs. Our result has a number of applications for the topology of infinite graphs, such as their end spaces and their compactifications.
Prevalence and risk factors for nerve injury following shoulder dislocation
Authors: Hardie C. M. , Jordan R. , Forker O. , Fort-Schaale A. , Wade R. G. , Jones J. , Bourke G.
Published: November 2022

Background

The glenohumeral joint dislocation can be associated with major nerve injury. The reported prevalence and risk factors for major nerve injury are variable and this injury can have a severe and life-long impact on the patient. The objectives of this study were to analyse the prevalence of major nerve injury following shoulder dislocation and examine risk factors. Management and outcomes of nerve injury were explored.

Methods

A 1 year retrospective cohort study of 243 consecutive adults who presented with a shoulder dislocation was performed. Data were collected on patient demographics, timings of investigations, treatment, follow-up, and nerve injury prevalence and management. The primary outcome measure was prevalence of nerve injury. Risk factors for this were analysed using appropriate tests with Stata SE15.1.

Results

Of 243 patients with shoulder dislocation, 14 (6%) had neurological deficit. Primary dislocation (p = 0.004) and older age (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with major nerve injury. Sex, time to successful reduction and force of injury were not associated with major nerve injury in this cohort. Patients with nerve injury made functional recovery to varying degrees. Recurrent shoulder dislocation was common accounting for 133/243 (55%) attendances.

Conclusions

Shoulder dislocation requires careful assessment and timely management in the ED. A 6% rate of nerve injury following shoulder dislocation was at the lower border of reported rates (5–55%), and primary dislocation and older age were identified as risk factors for nerve injury. We emphasise the importance of referring patients with suspected major nerve injury to specialist services.
Verticale samenwerking: een duurzaam perspectief?
Authors: van den Broek Anneloes , Metz Margot , Raams Eefje , Bongers Inge
Published: November 2022

Samenvatting

Achtergrond: Verticale samenwerking in de vorm van een duurzame coalitie tussen zorgaanbieders en zorgverzekeraars vraagt om fundamentele wijzigingen. Inzicht in impactvolle factoren is van belang voor het welslagen van duurzame coalities.

Methode: Het betreft een beschrijvend en exploratief onderzoek. De vragenlijst ‘Succesfactoren in samenwerking’ werd geconstrueerd, gevalideerd en afgenomen bij 44 respondenten uit diverse duurzame coalities, werkzaam bij elf ggz-instellingen, drie ziekenhuizen en drie zorgverzekeraars.

Resultaten: Verticale samenwerking wordt ingezet ten behoeve van een verbetering van de waardecreatie en kostenbesparing. Bij de onderzochte duurzame coalities was het belang dat gehecht werd aan twintig indicatoren, die bepalend zijn voor het succes van samenwerking, hoger dan hoe deze in de praktijk verliepen. Bij tien succesindicatoren was dit significant. Bovenal lijken zorgverzekeraars in vergelijking met zorgaanbieders meer waarde te hechten aan indicatoren van de invalshoeken belangen en relatie. Zorgaanbieders vonden dat de balans tussen inhoudelijke en procesmatige aandacht voor samenwerking in de praktijk minder goed verliep dan zorgverzekeraars aangaven.

Conclusie: Verticale samenwerking tussen zorgaanbieder en zorgverzekeraar kan tot een duurzaam perspectief leiden indien draagvlak en procesvertrouwen permanent actief op de agenda staan. Vervolgonderzoek gericht op discrepanties kan een verdiepingsslag realiseren. Optimalisatie van het procesontwerp en continu monitoren dragen bij aan verbetering van onderlinge relaties.
Micro-climatic variations across Malawi have a greater influence on contamination of maize with aflatoxins than with fumonisins
Authors: Ng’ambi Justin Temwani , Atehnkeng Joseph , Monjerezi Maurice , Ngongondo Cosmo , Vunain Ephraim , Ching’anda Connel , Ortega-Beltran Alejandro , Cotty Peter J. , Matumba Limbikani , Bandyopadhyay R.
Published: November 2022

This study reports levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin in maize samples (n = 1294) from all agroecological zones (AEZs) in Malawi. Most maize samples (> 75%) were contaminated with aflatoxins and 45% with fumonisins, which co-occurred in 38% of the samples. Total aflatoxins varied across the AEZs, according to mean annual temperature (P < 0.05) of the AEZs. Samples from the lower Shire AEZ (median = 20.8 µg/kg) had higher levels of aflatoxins (P < 0.05) than those from the other AEZs (median = 3.0 µg/kg). Additionally, the majority (75%) of the positive samples from the lower Shire AEZ had aflatoxin levels exceeding the EU regulatory limit (4 µg/kg), whereas 25%, 37%, and 39% of positive samples exceeded the threshold in the mid-elevation, Lake Shore and upper and middle Shire, and highlands AEZs, respectively. The lower Shire AEZ is characterised by higher mean temperatures throughout the year and low erratic rainfall. However, total fumonisins did not show significant variation across AEZs, but all positive samples exceeded 150 µg/kg, required for tolerable daily intake of 1.0 µg/kg body weight per day, established by the European Food Safety Authority Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. Therefore, results of this study suggest that contamination of maize with aflatoxin responds to micro-climate more than with fumonisins. In addition, the data will be useful to public health policy-makers and stakeholders to articulate and implement monitoring and mitigation programs.
Adoptees’ views and experiences of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genomic testing: an exploratory interview study from the UK
Authors: Kay Alison C. , Taverner Nicola V.
Published: November 2022

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genomic testing for ancestry and health may appeal to adoptees looking to fill gaps in their family information. There are only a handful of published studies on adoptees’ views and experiences of DTC testing and none of these is from the UK. The recent UK House of Commons Science and Technology Committee report (GB Parliament, House of Commons 2021) did not address the gains or challenges for adopted people specifically, although the Committee did consider that robust evidence of opportunities or risks for any user of a DTC testing kit is limited. In this study presented here, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten UK adult adoptees recruited via social media. Reflexive thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke 2006, 2019) of the interview transcripts identified three main themes: Decisional influencers of longing, uncertainty and normalisation of DNA kit use; Informational drivers to gain clarity but avoid new worrisome information; and talk around Negotiating Visibility to birth family and commercial third parties. A further theme of Meaning Making related to adoptees’ views of testing outcomes as bringing feelings of resolution or discordance. This study identified many challenging deliberations for adoptees in evaluating whether to take a DTC test and what to do when their results were returned. Additionally, adoptees’ consideration of data privacy issues appears hampered by already having shared identifying information about themselves in their wider adoptee search. Further research is encouraged.
Prospective Teachers’ Diagnostic Thinking on Students’ Understanding of Multi-Digit Multiplication: A Content-Related Analysis on Unpacking of Knowledge Elements
Authors: Dröse Jennifer , Prediger Susanne
Published: November 2022

Teachers’ in-depth diagnostic thinking has been shown to be crucial for student-centered teaching as they need to perceive and interpret students’ understanding for well-informed decision-making on adaptive teaching practices. The paper presents a content-related approach to analyzing diagnostic thinking processes with respect to the mathematical knowledge elements that prospective teachers identify as students’ resources and obstacles. Prospective teachers’ challenge is that some relevant knowledge elements first have to be unpacked, because compact concepts (such as the place value concept) or procedures (such as for multi-digit multiplication) comprise several smaller knowledge elements (such as the positional property) that have to be made explicit for students to foster their learning processes adequately. Our study examines what knowledge elements prospective teachers perceive and interpret in a transcript vignettes on multi-digit multiplication (of decimal and natural numbers) and its underlying basic arithmetic concepts (place value understanding and meaning of multiplication) in written diagnostic judgments on students’ resources and obstacles (N = 196). A comparative design within the vignette is used to investigate how far the process of perceiving can be supported by thematic cues. The analysis reveals that those knowledge elements cued in the vignette by being already unpacked and explicitly addressed are perceived and interpreted more often (but with lower correctness) than those that are uncued and therefore have to be unpacked by the prospective teachers themselves. This confirms the need to prepare prospective teachers for unpacking mathematical concepts themselves.
Smoke Alarms for Informal Settlements: Monitoring and Challenges from a Large-Scale Community Rollout in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Pharoah Robyn , Zweig Patricia , Walls Richard , Eksteen Rodney
Published: November 2022

This article presents the findings of a pilot project to test the large-scale rollout of smoke alarms in an informal community in Cape Town, South Africa. The work provides novel insight into the effectiveness and challenges associated with using smoke detectors in low-income communities. Technical details and detector considerations are also provided that will assist in enhancing future interventions. The project installed 1200 smoke detection devices in TRA informal settlement in the suburb of Wallacedene, in the City of Cape Town, and monitored their effectiveness for a period of 12 months. The monitoring showed that there were 11 real activations, where the presence of the devices likely saved lives and homes. The project also identified a series of challenges, especially in relation to nuisance alarms, where everyday household emissions, dust, and insect ingress caused false alarms, leading some participants to uninstall devices. The findings of the pilot study suggest that although smoke detectors could provide a valuable tool for reducing the frequency and impact of informal settlement fires in South Africa and elsewhere, they need to be adapted to meet the specific needs and conditions encountered in informal dwellings. Modifications, such as adjusting device sensitivity, preventing dust and insect ingress and tailoring devices to everyday conditions, will be essential to make smoke alarms more suitable and effective in the future. Smoke alarms could become an important component of low-income community fire safety if such challenges can be addressed.
Direct-micro-fabrication of Hydrophobic Surface with Re-entrant Texture on Metal Produced by Femtosecond-pulsed Laser
Authors: Yamaguchi Masaki , Kato Shunichi
Published: November 2022

Re-entrant textures are promising geometries for hydrophobic surfaces, however a direct processing method of microscale re-entrant textures applicable for general industrial materials such as metals has yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a possibility of direct processing method of microscale re-entrant textures by using a femtosecond-pulsed laser. We designed a novel and simple optical unit including a pair of step mirrors and a newly designed aspherical condenser lens that enable processing of reverse-tapered uniaxial grooves. A maximum reverse-taper angle of 20° was achieved on stainless steel using a femtosecond-pulsed laser that could be controlled linearly with the step mirror angles. Four types of test-pieces with re-entrant texture composed of reverse-tapered grooves were fabricated with reverse-tapered angles of 5 – 20°. It was demonstrated that the apparent contact angle exhibited an increase in the processed angle of the re-entrant texture. The re-entrant structures on stainless steel achieved a hydrophobicity over 140° of apparent contact angle with good stability, and allowing water droplets to slide off.
Predicting the Social-Emotional Competence Based on Childhood Trauma, Internalized Shame, Disability/Shame Scheme, Cognitive Flexibility, Distress Tolerance and Alexithymia in an Iranian Sample Using Bayesian Regression
Authors: Farahani Hojjatollah , Azadfallah Parviz , Watson Peter , Qaderi Kowsar , Pasha Atena , Dirmina Faezeh , Esrafilian Forough , Koulaie Behnoosh , Fayazi Nazanin , Sepehrnia Nasrin , Esfandiary Arezoo , Abbasi Fatemeh Najafi , Rashidi Kazhal
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to predict Social Emotional Competence based on childhood trauma, internalized shame, disability/shame scheme, cognitive flexibility, distress tolerance, and alexithymia in an Iranian sample using Bayesian regression. The participants in this research were a sample of 326 (85.3% female and 14.7% male) people living in Tehran in 2021 who were selected by convenience sampling through online platforms. The survey assessments included demographic characteristics (age and gender), presence of childhood trauma, social-emotional competence, internalized shame, the Toronto Alexithymia scales, Young's measure of disability/shame together with measures of cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance. The results from Bayesian regression and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) indicated that internalized shame, cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance can be predictive of Social Emotional Competence. These results suggested that Social Emotional Competence can be explained by some important personality factors.
Variable surrogate model-based particle swarm optimization for high-dimensional expensive problems
Authors: Tian Jie , Hou Mingdong , Bian Hongli , Li Junqing
Published: November 2022

Many industrial applications require time-consuming and resource-intensive evaluations of suitable solutions within very limited time frames. Therefore, many surrogate-assisted evaluation algorithms (SAEAs) have been widely used to optimize expensive problems. However, due to the curse of dimensionality and its implications, scaling SAEAs to high-dimensional expensive problems is still challenging. This paper proposes a variable surrogate model-based particle swarm optimization (called VSMPSO) to meet this challenge and extends it to solve 200-dimensional problems. Specifically, a single surrogate model constructed by simple random sampling is taken to explore different promising areas in different iterations. Moreover, a variable model management strategy is used to better utilize the current global model and accelerate the convergence rate of the optimizer. In addition, the strategy can be applied to any SAEA irrespective of the surrogate model used. To control the trade-off between optimization results and optimization time consumption of SAEAs, we consider fitness value and running time as a bi-objective problem. Applying the proposed approach to a benchmark test suite of dimensions ranging from 30 to 200 and comparisons with four state-of-the-art algorithms show that the proposed VSMPSO achieves high-quality solutions and computational efficiency for high-dimensional problems.
Some remarks on oscillation inequalities
Authors: MIREK MARIUSZ , SŁOMIAN WOJCIECH , SZAREK TOMASZ Z.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we establish uniform oscillation estimates on
$L^p(X)$
with
$p\in (1,\infty )$
for the polynomial ergodic averages. This result contributes to a certain problem about uniform oscillation bounds for ergodic averages formulated by Rosenblatt and Wierdl in the early 1990s [Pointwise ergodic theorems via harmonic analysis. Proceedings of Conference on Ergodic Theory (Alexandria, Egypt, 1993) (London Mathematical Society Lecture Notes, 205). Eds. K. Petersen and I. Salama. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 3–151]. We also give a slightly different proof of the uniform oscillation inequality of Jones, Kaufman, Rosenblatt, and Wierdl for bounded martingales [Oscillation in ergodic theory. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.18(4) (1998), 889–935]. Finally, we show that oscillations, in contrast to jump inequalities, cannot be seen as an endpoint for r-variation inequalities.
Motion analysis and stability optimization for metamorphic robot reconfiguration
Authors: Liu Jun , Ruan Xiaodong , Lu Mingming , Weng Huajian , Wu Di , Zheng Minyi
Published: November 2022

Metamorphic robots are a new type of unmanned vehicle that can reconfigure and morph between a car mode and a biped walking machine mode. Such a vehicle is superior in trafficability because it can drive at high speeds on its wheels on structured pavement and walk on its legs on unstructured pavement. An engineering prototype of a metamorphic robot was proposed and designed based on the characteristics of wheeled–legged hybrid motion, and reconfiguration planning of the robot was conducted. A kinematics model of the reconfiguration process was established using the screw theory for metamorphic robots. To avoid component impact during the rapid global reconfiguration and achieve smoothness of the reconfiguration process, a rotation rule for each rotating joint was designed and the kinematics model was used to simulate and validate the motion of the system’s end mechanism (front frame) and the entire robot system. Based on the kinematics model and the rotation rules of the rotating joints, a zero-moment point (ZMP) calculation model of the entire robot mechanism in the reconfiguration process was established, and the stability of the reconfiguration motions was evaluated based on the ZMP motion trajectory. The foot landing position was optimized to improve the robot’s stability during the reconfiguration. Finally, the smoothness and stability of the reconfiguration motion were further validated by testing the prototype of the metamorphic robot.
Killed by its own obituaries: Explaining the demise of the ether
Authors: Navarro Jaume
Published: November 2022

Argument

In this paper I follow the demise of the ether in the first half of the twentieth century to show how the first obituaries of the ether were instrumental in creating an object with specific and largely simplified properties related to, but different from, nineteenth-century ethers. I suggest that writing the history of dead objects (or objects an author wants to be dead) is not epistemologically neutral but, on the contrary, it involves a reformulation of the object itself. I show that this was indeed the case with the ether: those arguing for its demise in the early twentieth century tended to overlook as irrelevant one of the ether’s most important properties, namely being the seat for the transmission of electromagnetic waves. Instead, they emphasized the contradictions between other properties of previous ether(s), so as to advocate for its disappearance.
At the ends of the line: How the Airy Transit Circle was gradually overshadowed by the Greenwich Prime Meridian
Authors: Belteki Daniel
Published: November 2022

Argument

The Greenwich Prime Meridian is one of the iconic features of the Royal Museums Greenwich. Visitors to the Museum even queue up to pose with one leg on either side of the Line. Yet, the Airy Transit Circle, the instrument that defined the meridian, is almost always excluded from these photographs. This paper examines how the instrument has become hidden in plain sight within the stories of Greenwich Time and Greenwich Meridian, as well as within the public imagination, by providing an analysis of the instrument’s transformation from a working astronomical instrument to a museum object. The paper highlights the gradual decoupling of the instrument from narratives of Time and Longitude, which resulted in the Line’s popularity overshadowing the instrument that defined it. By doing so, the paper aims at showing the symbiotic relationship between the materiality of the instrument and the meridian line that it defined. Approaching the instrument through the lenses of object biographies, the paper raises the question of whether the life of the instrument came to an end once operations with it were terminated. The analysis of the Transit Circle’s life reveals that it reached its end multiple times, which shifts the emphasis away from a single and ultimate end of scientific objects to a process of gradual downfall, during which they can “end” several times. In addition, through the object biography approach, the Transit Circle no longer appears as a dead object reaching an afterlife within a museum setting. Instead, the approach demonstrates that, though the instrument can still be restored to an operational order, doubts about its accuracy, and its relevancy to today’s astronomical methods, have led the instrument to be considered obsolete, transforming it into a museum object on display.
The politics of church shopping
Authors: Hafner Shay R. , Audette Andre P.
Published: November 2022

Recent political science literature notes that the relationship between religion and politics is not a one-way interaction: religion influences political beliefs and political beliefs influence religious practices. Most of these studies, however, have relied on aggregate or indirect methods of assessing individual-level religious decisions of where to attend worship services. This paper utilizes an original, nationally representative survey conducted through YouGov to directly ask about respondents' views on politics in church and how it influences their religious behaviors. We find that many respondents admit church shopping, both inside and outside of their denomination, and that politics influences their choice of congregation to attend. After examining the demographics of those who church shops for political reasons, we conclude by discussing the implications of religiopolitical sorting for tolerance and partisan reinforcement.
Intrinsic Century‐Scale Variability in Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures and Their Influence on Western US Hydroclimate
Authors: Evans Colin P. , Coats Sloan , Carrillo Carlos M. , Li Xiaolu , Alessi Marc J. , Herrera Dimitris A. , Benton Brandon N. , Ault Toby R.
Published: November 2022

Hydroclimate variability of the southwest United States (SWUS) is influenced by the tropical Pacific Ocean, particularly through the teleconnection to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is expected to be altered by climate change. Natural variability in this teleconnection has not been robustly quantified, complicating the detection of anthropogenic climate change. Here, we use a linear inverse model (LIM) to quantify natural variability in the ENSO‐SWUS teleconnection. The LIM yields realistic teleconnection patterns with century‐scale variability comparable to simulations from the Last Millennium Ensemble project and the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5 and 6. The variability quantified by the LIM illuminates two aspects of our understanding of ENSO and its impacts: the inherent statistics of the observable system can produce century‐long periods with a wide range of correlations to SWUS hydroclimate, including nonsignificant correlations, and thus that detecting changes in ENSO‐related hydroclimate variability is challenging in a changing climate.
Silent Very Long Period Seismic Events (VLPs) at Stromboli Volcano, Italy
Authors: McKee Kathleen F. , Roman Diana C. , Waite Gregory P. , Fee David
Published: November 2022

At Stromboli Volcano, Italy, very long period (VLP) seismic signals and Strombolian eruptions have been attributed to the unsteady flow of gas slugs through the shallow plumbing system followed by explosive slug bursting at a free surface. In data from a 2018 seismo‐acoustic deployment, ∼92% of events in two main VLP multiplets do not coincide in time with impulsive infrasonic signals (the expected signal of explosive slug bursting); we term these “silent VLPs.” The lack of infrasonically detected explosions relative to repeating VLPs does not support the commonly invoked “gas slug” model. We propose that VLPs may be generated when gas bubbles move into a weak semi‐solid plug in the uppermost portion of the conduit. The plug then acts as a mechanical filter in which pathways vary and guide or trap ascending gas slugs, allowing for passive (silent) gas release and explosive escape mechanisms decoupled in time from VLPs.
Learning Coagulation Processes With Combinatorial Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Justin L. , Curtis Jeffrey H. , Riemer Nicole , West Matthew
Published: November 2022

Simulating the evolution of a coagulating aerosol or cloud of droplets in a key problem in atmospheric science. We present a proof of concept for modeling coagulation processes using a novel combinatorial neural network (CombNN) architecture. Using two types of data from a high‐detail particle‐resolved aerosol simulation, we show that CombNN models outperform standard neural networks and are competitive in accuracy with traditional state‐of‐the‐art sectional models. These CombNN models could have application in learning coarse‐grained coagulation models for multi‐species aerosols and for learning coagulation models from observed size‐distribution data.
Aluminum scandium nitride thin-film bulk acoustic resonators for 5G wideband applications
Authors: Zou Yang , Gao Chao , Zhou Jie , Liu Yan , Xu Qinwen , Qu Yuanhang , Liu WenJuan , Soon Jeffrey Bo Woon , Cai Yao , Sun Chengliang
Published: November 2022

Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters have been extensively used in consumer products for mobile communication systems due to their high performance and standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible integration process. However, it is challenging for a traditional aluminum nitride (AlN)-based BAW filter to meet several allocated 5G bands with more than a 5% fractional bandwidth via an acoustic-only approach. In this work, we propose an Al0.8Sc0.2N-based film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) for the design of radio frequency (RF) filters. By taking advantage of a high-quality Al0.8Sc0.2N thin film, the fabricated resonators demonstrate a large Keff2 of 14.5% and an excellent figure of merit (FOM) up to 62. The temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of the proposed resonator is measured to be −19.2 ppm/°C, indicating excellent temperature stability. The fabricated filter has a center frequency of 4.24 GHz, a −3 dB bandwidth of 215 MHz, a small insertion loss (IL) of 1.881 dB, and a rejection >32 dB. This work paves the way for the realization of wideband acoustic filters operating in the 5G band.
p53 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis following DNA damage-dependent replication stress by the hepatotoxin methyleugenol
Authors: Carlsson Max J. , Vollmer Anastasia S. , Demuth Philipp , Heylmann Daniel , Reich Diana , Quarz Caroline , Rasenberger Birgit , Nikolova Teodora , Hofmann Thomas G. , Christmann Markus , Fuhlbrueck Julia A. , Stegmüller Simone , Richling Elke , Cartus Alexander T. , Fahrer Jörg
Published: November 2022

Liver cancer is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide, which is causally linked to viral infection, fatty liver disease, life-style factors and food-borne carcinogens, particularly aflatoxins. Moreover, genotoxic plant toxins including phenylpropenes are suspected human liver carcinogens. The phenylpropene methyleugenol (ME) is a constituent of essential oils in many plants and occurs in herbal medicines, food, and cosmetics. Following its uptake, ME undergoes Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1)-dependent metabolic activation, giving rise to DNA damage. However, little is known about the cellular response to the induced DNA adducts. Here, we made use of different SULT1A1-proficient cell models including primary hepatocytes that were treated with 1′-hydroxymethyleugenol (OH-ME) as main phase I metabolite. Firstly, mass spectrometry showed a concentration-dependent formation of N2-MIE-dG as major DNA adduct, strongly correlating with SULT1A1 expression as attested in cells with and without human SULT1A1. ME-derived DNA damage activated mainly the ATR-mediated DNA damage response as shown by phosphorylation of CHK1 and histone 2AX, followed by p53 accumulation and CHK2 phosphorylation. Consistent with these findings, the DNA adducts decreased replication speed and caused replication fork stalling. OH-ME treatment reduced viability particularly in cell lines with wild-type p53 and triggered apoptotic cell death, which was rescued by pan-caspase-inhibition. Further experiments demonstrated mitochondrial apoptosis as major cell death pathway. ME-derived DNA damage caused upregulation of the p53-responsive genes NOXA and PUMA, Bax activation, and cytochrome c release followed by caspase-9 and caspase-3 cleavage. We finally demonstrated the crucial role of p53 for OH-ME triggered cell death as evidenced by reduced pro-apoptotic gene expression, strongly attenuated Bax activation and cell death inhibition upon genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of p53. Taken together, our study demonstrates for the first time that ME-derived DNA damage causes replication stress and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis via the p53-Bax pathway.
PNO1 inhibits autophagy-mediated ferroptosis by GSH metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Xiaomeng , He Yuchao , Han Zhiqiang , Liu Wei , Liu Dongming , Zhang Xihao , Chen Lu , Qi Lisha , Chen Liwei , Luo Yi , Li Qiang , Chen Peng , Wu Qiang , Zhu Xiaolin , Guo Hua
Published: November 2022

Effective strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the second leading cause of death worldwide, remain limited. A growing body of emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis activation is a novel promising approach for the treatment of this malignancy. Nevertheless, the potential therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis remain elusive. In this study, we found that PNO1 is a bona fide inhibitor of ferroptosis and that autophagy induced by PNO1 promotes cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 while increasing the synthesis and accumulation of intracellular glutamate. This increase is followed by an equally proportional addition in cystine uptake, which consequently enhances system Xc- activity that leads to the inhibition of ferroptosis. In the maintenance of redox homeostasis, system Xc- activated via PNO1-autophagy metabolism is responsible for maintaining cysteine for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and the final GSH metabolic reprogramming protects HCC cells from ferroptosis. The combination of PNO1 inhibition with drugs causing ferroptosis induction, particularly sorafenib, the first-line drug associated with ferroptosis in liver cancer shows therapeutic promise in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings indicated that PNO1 protects HCC cells from ferroptotic death through autophagy-mediated GSH metabolic remodeling, and we identified a candidate therapeutic target that may potentiate the effect of ferroptosis-based antitumor therapy.
Inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 relieves fibrosis through depolarizing of hepatic stellate cell in NASH
Authors: Lee Su-Yeon , Kim Sanghwa , Choi Inhee , Song Yeonhwa , Kim Namjeong , Ryu Hyung Chul , Lim Jee Woong , Kang Hyo Jin , Kim Jason , Seo Haeng Ran
Published: November 2022

11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the intracellular conversion of cortisone to physiologically active cortisol. Although 11βHSD1 has been implicated in numerous metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and diabetes, the functional roles of 11βHSD1 during progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and consequent fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. We found that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of 11βHSD1 resulted in reprogramming of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation via inhibition of p-SMAD3, α-SMA, Snail, and Col1A1 in a fibrotic environment and in multicellular hepatic spheroids (MCHSs). We also determined that 11βHSD1 contributes to the maintenance of NF-κB signaling through modulation of TNF, TLR7, ITGB3, and TWIST, as well as regulating PPARα signaling and extracellular matrix accumulation in activated HSCs during advanced fibrogenesis in MCHSs. Of great interest, the 11βHSD1 inhibitor J2H-1702 significantly attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation and ameliorated liver fibrosis in diet- and toxicity-induced NASH mouse models. Together, our data indicate that J2H-1702 is a promising new clinical candidate for the treatment of NASH.
Asymptotically fault-tolerant programmable photonics
Authors: Hamerly Ryan , Bandyopadhyay Saumil , Englund Dirk
Published: November 2022

Component errors limit the scaling of programmable coherent photonic circuits. These errors arise because the standard tunable photonic coupler—the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)—cannot be perfectly programmed to the cross state. Here, we introduce two modified circuit architectures that overcome this limitation: (1) a 3-splitter MZI mesh for generic errors, and (2) a broadband MZI+Crossing design for correlated errors. Because these designs allow for perfect realization of the cross state, the matrix fidelity no longer degrades with increased mesh size, allowing scaling to arbitrarily large meshes. The proposed architectures support progressive self-configuration, are more compact than previous MZI-doubling schemes, and do not require additional phase shifters. This removes a key limitation to the development of very-large-scale programmable photonic circuits.
Chronic stress causes striatal disinhibition mediated by SOM-interneurons in male mice
Authors: Rodrigues Diana , Jacinto Luis , Falcão Margarida , Castro Ana Carolina , Cruz Alexandra , Santa Cátia , Manadas Bruno , Marques Fernanda , Sousa Nuno , Monteiro Patricia
Published: November 2022

Chronic stress (CS) is associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, and it may also contribute to or exacerbate motor function. However, the mechanisms by which stress triggers motor symptoms are not fully understood. Here, we report that CS functionally alters dorsomedial striatum (DMS) circuits in male mice, by affecting GABAergic interneuron populations and somatostatin positive (SOM) interneurons in particular. Specifically, we show that CS impairs communication between SOM interneurons and medium spiny neurons, promoting striatal overactivation/disinhibition and increased motor output. Using probabilistic machine learning to analyze animal behavior, we demonstrate that in vivo chemogenetic manipulation of SOM interneurons in DMS modulates motor phenotypes in stressed mice. Altogether, we propose a causal link between dysfunction of striatal SOM interneurons and motor symptoms in models of chronic stress.
Triggering and recovery of earthquake accelerated landslides in Central Italy revealed by satellite radar observations
Authors: Song Chuang , Yu Chen , Li Zhenhong , Utili Stefano , Frattini Paolo , Crosta Giovanni , Peng Jianbing
Published: November 2022

Earthquake triggered landslides often pose a great threat to human life and property. Emerging research has been devoted to documenting coseismic landslides failed during or shortly after earthquakes, however, the long-term seismic effect that causes unstable landslides only to accelerate, moderately or acutely, without immediate failures is largely neglected. Here we show the activation and recovery of these earthquake accelerated landslides (EALs) in Central Italy, based on satellite radar observations. Unlike previous studies based on single or discrete landslides, we established a large inventory of 819 EALs and statistically quantified their spatial clustering features against a set of conditioning factors, thus finding that EALs did not rely on strong seismic shaking or hanging wall effects to occur and larger landslides were more likely to accelerate after earthquakes than smaller ones. We also discovered their accelerating-to-recovering sliding dynamics, and how they differed from the collapsed 759 coseismic landslides. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the earthquake-triggering landslide mechanism and are of great significance for long-term landslide risk assessment in seismically active areas.
Acousto-holographic reconstruction of whole-cell stiffness maps
Authors: Varol Rahmetullah , Karavelioglu Zeynep , Omeroglu Sevde , Aydemir Gizem , Karadag Aslihan , Meco Hanife E. , Demircali Ali A. , Yilmaz Abdurrahim , Kocal Gizem C. , Gencoglan Gulsum , Oruc Muhammed E. , Esmer Gokhan B. , Basbinar Yasemin , Ozdemir Sahin K. , Uvet Huseyin
Published: November 2022

Accurate assessment of cell stiffness distribution is essential due to the critical role of cell mechanobiology in regulation of vital cellular processes like proliferation, adhesion, migration, and motility. Stiffness provides critical information in understanding onset and progress of various diseases, including metastasis and differentiation of cancer. Atomic force microscopy and optical trapping set the gold standard in stiffness measurements. However, their widespread use has been hampered with long processing times, unreliable contact point determination, physical damage to cells, and unsuitability for multiple cell analysis. Here, we demonstrate a simple, fast, label-free, and high-resolution technique using acoustic stimulation and holographic imaging to reconstruct stiffness maps of single cells. We used this acousto-holographic method to determine stiffness maps of HCT116 and CTC-mimicking HCT116 cells and differentiate between them. Our system would enable widespread use of whole-cell stiffness measurements in clinical and research settings for cancer studies, disease modeling, drug testing, and diagnostics.