bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrosion-resistant cobalt phosphide electrocatalysts for salinity tolerance hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xu Xinwu , Lu Yang , Shi Junqin , Hao Xiaoyu , Ma Zelin , Yang Ke , Zhang Tianyi , Li Chan , Zhang Dina , Huang Xiaolei , He Yibo
Published: November 2023

Seawater electrolysis is a viable method for producing hydrogen on a large scale and low-cost. However, the catalyst activity during the seawater splitting process will dramatically degrade as salt concentrations increasing. Herein, CoP is discovered that could reject chloride ions far from catalyst in electrolyte based on molecular dynamic simulation. Thus, a binder-free electrode is designed and constructed by in-situ growth of homogeneous CoP on rGO nanosheets wrapped around the surface of Ti fiber felt for seawater splitting. As expected, the as-obtained CoP/rGO@Ti electrode exhibits good catalytic activity and stability in alkaline electrolyte. Especially, benefitting from the highly effective repulsive Cl− intrinsic characteristic of CoP, the catalyst maintains good catalytic performance with saturated salt concentration, and the overpotential increasing is less than 28 mV at 10 mA cm−2 from 0 M to saturated NaCl in electrolyte. Furthermore, the catalyst for seawater splitting performs superior corrosion-resistance with a low solubility of 0.04%. This work sheds fresh light into the development of efficient HER catalysts for salinity tolerance hydrogen evolution.
Evaluation of circulating plasma proteins in breast cancer using Mendelian randomisation
Authors: Mälarstig Anders , Grassmann Felix , Dahl Leo , Dimitriou Marios , McLeod Dianna , Gabrielson Marike , Smith-Byrne Karl , Thomas Cecilia E. , Huang Tzu-Hsuan , Forsberg Simon K. G. , Eriksson Per , Ulfstedt Mikael , Johansson Mattias , Sokolov Aleksandr V. , Schiöth Helgi B. , Hall Per , Schwenk Jochen M. , Czene Kamila , Hedman Åsa K.
Published: November 2023

Biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer may complement population screening approaches to enable earlier and more precise treatment. The blood proteome is an important source for biomarker discovery but so far, few proteins have been identified with breast cancer risk. Here, we measure 2929 unique proteins in plasma from 598 women selected from the Karolinska Mammography Project to explore the association between protein levels, clinical characteristics, and gene variants, and to identify proteins with a causal role in breast cancer. We present 812 cis-acting protein quantitative trait loci for 737 proteins which are used as instruments in Mendelian randomisation analyses of breast cancer risk. Of those, we present five proteins (CD160, DNPH1, LAYN, LRRC37A2 and TLR1) that show a potential causal role in breast cancer risk with confirmatory results in independent cohorts. Our study suggests that these proteins should be further explored as biomarkers and potential drug targets in breast cancer.
Global pathogenomic analysis identifies known and candidate genetic antimicrobial resistance determinants in twelve species
Authors: Hyun Jason C. , Monk Jonathan M. , Szubin Richard , Hefner Ying , Palsson Bernhard O.
Published: November 2023

Surveillance programs for managing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have yielded thousands of genomes suited for data-driven mechanism discovery. We present a workflow integrating pangenomics, gene annotation, and machine learning to identify AMR genes at scale. When applied to 12 species, 27,155 genomes, and 69 drugs, we 1) find AMR gene transfer mostly confined within related species, with 925 genes in multiple species but just eight in multiple phylogenetic classes, 2) demonstrate that discovery-oriented support vector machines outperform contemporary methods at recovering known AMR genes, recovering 263 genes compared to 145 by Pyseer, and 3) identify 142 AMR gene candidates. Validation of two candidates in E. coli BW25113 reveals cases of conditional resistance: ΔcycA confers ciprofloxacin resistance in minimal media with D-serine, and frdD V111D confers ampicillin resistance in the presence of ampC by modifying the overlapping promoter. We expect this approach to be adaptable to other species and phenotypes.
In vivo imaging of mitochondrial DNA mutations using an integrated nano Cas12a sensor
Authors: Li Yanan , Wu Yonghua , Xu Ru , Guo Jialing , Quan Fenglei , Zhang Yongyuan , Huang Di , Pei Yiran , Gao Hua , Liu Wei , Liu Junjie , Zhang Zhenzhong , Deng Ruijie , Shi Jinjin , Zhang Kaixiang
Published: November 2023

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) play critical roles in many human diseases. In vivo visualization of cells bearing mtDNA mutations is important for resolving the complexity of these diseases, which remains challenging. Here we develop an integrated nano Cas12a sensor (InCasor) and show its utility for efficient imaging of mtDNA mutations in live cells and tumor-bearing mouse models. We co-deliver Cas12a/crRNA, fluorophore-quencher reporters and Mg2+ into mitochondria. This process enables the activation of Cas12a’s trans-cleavage by targeting mtDNA, which efficiently cleave reporters to generate fluorescent signals for robustly sensing and reporting single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in cells. Since engineered crRNA significantly increase Cas12a’s sensitivity to mismatches in mtDNA, we can identify tumor tissue and metastases by visualizing cells with mutant mtDNAs in vivo using InCasor. This CRISPR imaging nanoprobe holds potential for applications in mtDNA mutation-related basic research, diagnostics and gene therapies.
Real-time correction of channel-bed roughness and water level in river network hydrodynamic modeling for accurate forecasting
Authors: Chen Yifan , Cao Feifeng , Cheng Weiping , Liu Bin , Yu Pubing
Published: November 2023

The accuracy and reliability of hydrodynamic models are sensitive to both hydraulic state variables and model parameters, particularly the bed roughness, while their simultaneous real-time corrections and corresponding effects still need to be well-established and understood. This paper presents a real-time data assimilation model that corrects channel-bed roughness and water level in a river network hydrodynamic model, ensuring its accuracy and reliability. Experiments and parameter analysis evaluated the effect of initial roughness and observation noise level on model performance. Correcting both roughness and water level improved filtering time and forecasting accuracy by up to 63% and 80%, respectively, compared to methods only correcting water level. The filtering time was reduced by 44–63%, and the water level forecasting RMSE decreased by up to 80%. Both models experienced increased filtering time and forecasting error as observation noise increased, but the proposed model had a lower increase. With accurate hydraulic state measurement (e.g., 0.005 m error), the model achieved negligible water level forecasting error after 7 h of data assimilation. The model's accuracy depended on the initial channel-bed roughness, and the algorithm enables real-time roughness correction, making it useful for flood forecasting.
A study on table tennis landing point detection algorithm based on spatial domain information
Authors: Ning Tao , Wang Changcheng , Fu Meng , Duan Xiaodong
Published: November 2023

To address the limitations of computer vision-assisted table tennis ball detection, which heavily relies on vision acquisition equipment and exhibits slow processing speed, we propose a real-time calculation method for determining the landing point of table tennis balls. This novel approach is based on spatial domain information and reduces the dependency on vision acquisition equipment. This method incorporates several steps: employing dynamic color thresholding to determine the centroid coordinates of all objects in the video frames, utilizing target area thresholding and spatial Euclidean distance to eliminate interference balls and noise, optimizing the total number of video frames through keyframe extraction to reduce the number of operations for object recognition and landing point detection, and employing the four-frame difference slope method and polygonal area determination to detect the landing point and area of the target object, thereby obtaining precise coordinates and their corresponding areas. Experimental results on the above method on the Jetson Nano development board show that the dynamic color thresholding method achieves a detection speed of 45.3 fps. The keyframe extraction method correctly identifies the landing point frames with an accuracy rate exceeding 93.3%. In terms of drop point detection, the proposed method achieves 78.5% overall accuracy in detecting table tennis ball drop points while ensuring real-time detection. These experiments validate that the proposed method has the ability to detect table tennis ball drop points in real time and accurately in low frame rate vision acquisition devices and real environments.
Investigation on the origin of hot electrons in laser plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities
Authors: Cristoforetti G. , Baffigi F. , Batani D. , Dudzak R. , Fedosejevs R. , Filippov E. D. , Gajdos P. , Juha L. , Khan M. , Koester P. , Krus M. , Mancelli D. , Martynenko A. S. , Nicolai Ph. , Pikuz S. A. , Renner O. , Tentori A. , Volpe L. , Woolsey N. , Zeraouli G. , Gizzi L. A.
Published: November 2023

Shock Ignition is a two-step scheme to reach Inertial Confinement Fusion, where the precompressed fuel capsule is ignited by a strong shock driven by a laser pulse at an intensity in the order of $$10^{16}$$

10
16

W/cm$$^2$$

2

. In this report we describe the results of an experiment carried out at PALS laser facility designed to investigate the origin of hot electrons in laser-plasma interaction at intensities and plasma temperatures expected for Shock Ignition. A detailed time- and spectrally-resolved characterization of Stimulated Raman Scattering and Two Plasmon Decay instabilities, as well as of the generated hot electrons, suggest that Stimulated Raman Scattering is the dominant source of hot electrons via the damping of daughter plasma waves. The temperature dependence of laser plasma instabilities was also investigated, enabled by the use of different ablator materials, suggesting that Two Plasmon Decay is damped at earlier times for higher plasma temperatures, accompanied by an earlier ignition of SRS. The identification of the predominant hot electron source and the effect of plasma temperature on laser plasma interaction, here investigated, are extremely useful for developing the mitigation strategies for reducing the impact of hot electrons on the fuel ignition.
Assessment of interactive acoustic deterrent devices set on trammel nets to reduce dolphin–fishery interactions in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Ceciarini Ilaria , Franchi Enrica , Capanni Francesca , Consales Guia , Minoia Lorenzo , Ancora Stefania , D’Agostino Antonella , Lucchetti Alessandro , Li Veli Daniel , Marsili Letizia
Published: November 2023

Dolphin–fishery interaction is a worldwide issue affecting dolphins through bycatch and fishers through catch or gear damages. Concerning the Mediterranean Sea, problematic interactions mainly occur between common bottlenose dolphin and small-scale fisheries. Acoustic Deterrent Devices such as pingers, are one of the most widespread measures used in attempts to face this issue. Therefore, the efficiency of interactive pingers (DiD01) in protecting the trammel nets from dolphin interactions was assessed in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea. From March to October 2021, a total of 139 fishing trials using nets with pingers (TEST) and without pingers (CTRL), respectivelyn = 97 andn = 42, were carried out. Non-parametric statistic of the Catch per Unit Effort, comparing control and test nets, was not significantly different (p > 0.05) using catches weights (CPUEW) while it was significant (p < 0.01) considering the number of individuals (CPUEN). Moreover, richness and relative abundance of species resulted statistically higher in test nets (p < 0.05). This finding suggests that the absence of dolphin in the neighbourhood of fishing areas thanks to the use of pingers increases the diversity of target species. Catch damages caused by dolphins were statistically higher in nets without pinger than in nets with pinger (p < 0.05). No dolphin bycatch was recorded during fishing operations.
Biophysical properties of NaV1.5 channels from atrial-like and ventricular-like cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Chapotte-Baldacci Charles-Albert , Pierre Marion , Djemai Mohammed , Pouliot Valérie , Chahine Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Generating atrial-like cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is crucial for modeling and treating atrial-related diseases, such as atrial arrythmias including atrial fibrillations. However, it is essential to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the electrophysiological properties of these cells. The objective of the present study was to investigate the molecular, electrical, and biophysical properties of several ion channels, especially NaV1.5 channels, in atrial hiPSC cardiomyocytes. Atrial cardiomyocytes were obtained by the differentiation of hiPSCs treated with retinoic acid (RA). The quality of the atrial specification was assessed by qPCR, immunocytofluorescence, and western blotting. The electrophysiological properties of action potentials (APs), Ca2+ dynamics, K+ and Na+ currents were investigated using patch-clamp and optical mapping approaches. We evaluated mRNA transcript and protein expressions to show that atrial cardiomyocytes expressed higher atrial- and sinoatrial-specific markers (MYL7, CACNA1D) and lower ventricular-specific markers (MYL2, CACNA1C, GJA1) than ventricular cardiomyocytes. The amplitude, duration, and steady-state phase of APs in atrial cardiomyocytes decreased, and had a shape similar to that of mature atrial cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, NaV1.5 channels in atrial cardiomyocytes exhibited lower mRNA transcripts and protein expression, which could explain the lower current densities recorded by patch-clamp. Moreover, Na+ currents exhibited differences in activation and inactivation parameters. These differences could be explained by an increase in SCN2B regulatory subunit expression and a decrease in SCN1B and SCN4B regulatory subunit expressions. Our results show that a RA treatment made it possible to obtain atrial cardiomyocytes and investigate differences in NaV1.5 channel properties between ventricular- and atrial-like cells.
Influence of individual quadriceps and hamstrings muscle architecture and quality on knee adduction and flexion moment in gait
Authors: Jeong Jiyoung , Choi Dai-Hyuk , Shin Choongsoo S.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscular parameters of quadriceps/hamstrings and knee joint kinetics in gait. Muscle architecture (thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length), and quality (echo intensity) of individual quadriceps and hamstrings of 30 healthy participants (16 males and 14 females) was measured using ultrasound. Peak knee flexion moment (KFM), KFM impulse, peak knee adduction moment (KAM), and KAM impulse during walking were obtained at preferred speed. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses were performed at significance level of 0.05, and Cohen’s f2 values were calculated to examine the effect sizes of multiple regression. The hamstring-to-quadriceps muscle thickness ratio (r = 0.373) and semitendinosus echo intensity (r =  − 0.371) were predictors of first peak KFM (R2 = 0.294, P = 0.009, f2 = 0.42), whereas only vastus medialis (VM) echo intensity was a significant predictor of second peak KFM (r = 0.517, R2 = 0.267, P = 0.003, f2 = 0.36). Only the VM thickness was the predictor of first (r = 0.504, R2 = 0.254, P = 0.005, f2 = 0.34) and second peak KAM (r = 0.581, R2 = 0.337, P = 0.001, f2 = 0.51), and KAM impulse (r = 0.693, R2 = 0.480, P < 0.001, f2 = 0.92). In conclusion, the greater hamstring-to-quadriceps muscle thickness ratio and the muscle architecture and quality of medial quadriceps/hamstring play an important role in KFM and KAM, and may have implications in knee osteoarthritis.
Study on instability mechanism of soft rock roadway and pressure-relief bolt-grouting support technology
Authors: Yang Tuo , Liu Jianzhuang , Luo Jianqiao , Shen Yupeng , Fu Peng
Published: November 2023

Aiming at the engineering problem of roadway deformation and instability of swelling soft rock widely existed in Kailuan mining area, the mineral composition and microstructure of such soft rock were obtained by conducting scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction experiments, uniaxial and conventional triaxial tests, and the law of softening and expanding of such soft rock and the failure mechanism of surrounding rock were identified. The combined support scheme of multi-level anchor bolt, bottom corner pressure relief and fractional grouting is proposed. The roadway supporting parameters are adjusted and optimized by FLAC3D numerical simulation, and three supporting methods of multi-layer anchor bolt, bottom corner pressure relief and fractional grouting are determined and their parameters are optimized. The study results show that: the total amount of clay minerals is 53–75%, pores, fissures, nanoscale and micron layer gaps are developed, providing a penetrating channel for water infiltration to soften the surrounding rock; the three-level anchor pressure-relief and grouting support technology can control the sinking amount of the roof within 170 mm, the bottom drum amount within 210 mm, the bolts of each level is evenly distributed in tension, and the maximum stress and bottom drum displacement in the pressure relief area are significantly reduced; the pressure-relief groove promotes the development of bottom corner cracks, accelerates the secondary distribution of peripheral stress, and weakens the effect of high stress on the shallow area. Using time or displacement as the index, optimizing the grouting time, filling the primary and excavation cracks, blocking the expansion and softening effect of water on the rock mass, realizing the dynamic unity of structural yielding pressure and surrounding rock modification, has guiding significance for the support control of soft rock roadway.
Application of 3D scanner to measure physical size and improvement of hip brace manufacturing technology in severe cerebral palsy patients
Authors: Kim Jung-Min , Lim Jiwoon , Choi Sun-Young , Rhim Sung-Han , Beom Jaewon , Ryu Ju Seok
Published: November 2023

This prospective pilot study aimed to develop a personalized hip brace for treating hip subluxation in children with cerebral palsy. Nineteen children, aged 1–15, with severe cerebral palsy participated in the study. Customized hip braces were created based on 3D scanner measurements and worn for 7 days. The primary outcome, Hip Migration Index (MI), and secondary outcomes, including range of motion (ROM) in the hip and knee joints, pain intensity, satisfaction, discomfort scores, CPCHILD, and wearability test, were assessed. The MI and ROM were assessed at screening and at Visit 1 (when the new hip brace was first worn), while other indicators were evaluated at screening, Visit 1, and Visit 2 (7 days after wearing the new hip brace). The study demonstrated significant improvements in the MI for the right hip, left hip, and both sides. However, there were no statistically significant differences in hip and knee joint ROM. Other indicators showed significant changes between screening, Visit 1, and Visit 2. The study suggests that customized hip braces effectively achieved immediate correction, positively impacting the quality of life and satisfaction in children with cerebral palsy. Furthermore, the hip braces have the potential to enhance compliance and prevent hip subluxation.

Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT05388422
Diffusion controlled electrochemical analysis of MoS2 and MOF derived metal oxide–carbon hybrids for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Shrivastav Vishal , Mansi  , Dubey Prashant , Shrivastav Vaishali , Kaur Ashwinder , Hołdyński Marcin , Krawczyńska Agnieszka , Tiwari Umesh K. , Deep Akash , Nogala Wojciech , Sundriyal Shashank
Published: November 2023

In the context of emerging electric devices, the demand for advanced energy storage materials has intensified. These materials must encompass both surface and diffusion-driven charge storage mechanisms. While diffusion-driven reactions offer high capacitance by utilizing the bulk of the material, their effectiveness diminishes at higher discharge rates. Conversely, surface-controlled reactions provide rapid charge/discharge rates and high power density. To strike a balance between these attributes, we devised a tri-composite material, TiO2/Carbon/MoS2 (T10/MoS2). This innovative design features a highly porous carbon core for efficient diffusion and redox-active MoS2 nanosheets on the surface. Leveraging these characteristics, the T10/MoS2 composite exhibited impressive specific capacitance (436 F/g at 5 mV/s), with a significant contribution from the diffusion-controlled process (82%). Furthermore, our symmetrical device achieved a notable energy density of ~ 50 Wh/kg at a power density of 1.3 kW/kg. This concept holds promise for extending the approach to other Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) structures, enabling enhanced diffusion-controlled processes in energy storage applications.
The concept of the contact angle in the process of oil film formation in internal combustion piston engines
Authors: Wróblewski Piotr , Kachel Stanisław
Published: November 2023

In internal combustion piston engines, the process of oil film formation differs from that in industrial machines. The adhesive strength of the molecules at the interface between the coating of engine parts and the lubricating oil affects the load carrying capacity and the ability to form a lubricated film. The geometry of the lubricating wedge between the surfaces of the piston rings and the cylinder wall is determined by the thickness of the oil film and the amount of oil coverage of the ring. This state is modified by many parameters describing the operation of the engine and the physical and chemical parameters of the coatings of the cooperating pairs. For lubricating molecules reaching energies greater than the energy barrier of adhesion at the boundary, sliding occurs. Therefore, the value of the contact angle of the liquid on the surface of the coating depends on the value of the intermolecular force of attraction. According to the author, there is a strong correlation between the contact angle and the lubrication effect. Research indicates that the potential barrier is a function of the contact angle and the contact angle hysteresis (CAH). The innovation of the work consists in the study of the contact angle and CAH in the conditions of thin layers of lubricating oil in cooperation with hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings. The thickness of the lubricating film was measured under various speed and load conditions using optical interferometry. The study proves that CAH is a better interface parameter to correlate with the effect of hydrodynamic lubrication.
Optimal combination of cow and quinoa milk for manufacturing of functional fermented milk with high levels of antioxidant, essential amino acids and probiotics
Authors: El-Menawy Reham Kamal , Mohamed Doaa Mamdoh , Ismail Magdy Mohamed , Hassan Amina Mahmoud
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research was to produce Rayeb milk, a bio-fermented milk product that has important benefits for health and nutrition. The Rayeb milk was divided into five different treatments: T1 from cow milk, T2 from quinoa milk, T3 from a mixture of cow and quinoa milk (50%:50%), T4 from a mixture of cow and quinoa milk (75%:25%), and T5 from a mixture of cow and quinoa milk (25%:75%). As a starting culture, ABT-5 culture was used. The results demonstrated that blending quinoa milk with cow milk increased the total solids, fat, total protein, pH, acetaldehyde, and diacetyl values of the resulting Rayeb milk. Additionally, the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, minerals, and amino acids—particularly important amino acids—in Rayeb milk with quinoa milk were higher. In Rayeb milk prepared from a cow and quinoa milk mixture, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum were highly stimulated. All Rayeb milk samples, particularly those that contained quinoa milk, possessed more bifidobacteria than the recommended count of 106 cfu g−1 for use as a probiotic. Based on the sensory evaluation results, it is possible to manufacture a bio-Rayeb milk acceptable to the consumer and has a high nutritional and health values using a mixture of cow milk and quinoa milk (75%:25% or 50%:50%) and ABT-5 culture.
Optimizing campus-wide COVID-19 test notifications with interpretable wastewater time-series features using machine learning models
Authors: Lin Tuo , Karthikeyan Smruthi , Satterlund Alysson , Schooley Robert , Knight Rob , De Gruttola Victor , Martin Natasha , Zou Jingjing
Published: November 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater surveillance of the SARS CoV-2 virus has been demonstrated to be effective for population surveillance at the county level down to the building level. At the University of California, San Diego, daily high-resolution wastewater surveillance conducted at the building level is being used to identify potential undiagnosed infections and trigger notification of residents and responsive testing, but the optimal determinants for notifications are unknown. To fill this gap, we propose a pipeline for data processing and identifying features of a series of wastewater test results that can predict the presence of COVID-19 in residences associated with the test sites. Using time series of wastewater results and individual testing results during periods of routine asymptomatic testing among UCSD students from 11/2020 to 11/2021, we develop hierarchical classification/decision tree models to select the most informative wastewater features (patterns of results) which predict individual infections. We find that the best predictor of positive individual level tests in residence buildings is whether or not the wastewater samples were positive in at least 3 of the past 7 days. We also demonstrate that the tree models outperform a wide range of other statistical and machine models in predicting the individual COVID-19 infections while preserving interpretability. Results of this study have been used to refine campus-wide guidelines and email notification systems to alert residents of potential infections.
Development and validation of a weight-loss predictor to assist weight loss management
Authors: Biehl Alexander , Venäläinen Mikko S. , Suojanen Laura U. , Kupila Sakris , Ahola Aila J. , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Elo Laura L.
Published: November 2023

This study aims to develop and validate a modeling framework to predict long-term weight change on the basis of self-reported weight data. The aim is to enable focusing resources of health systems on individuals that are at risk of not achieving their goals in weight loss interventions, which would help both health professionals and the individuals in weight loss management. The weight loss prediction models were built on 327 participants, aged 21–78, from a Finnish weight coaching cohort, with at least 9 months of self-reported follow-up weight data during weight loss intervention. With these data, we used six machine learning methods to predict weight loss after 9 months and selected the best performing models for implementation as modeling framework. We trained the models to predict either three classes of weight change (weight loss, insufficient weight loss, weight gain) or five classes (high/moderate/insufficient weight loss, high/low weight gain). Finally, the prediction accuracy was validated with an independent cohort of overweight UK adults (n = 184). Of the six tested modeling approaches, logistic regression performed the best. Most three-class prediction models achieved prediction accuracy of > 50% already with half a month of data and up to 97% with 8 months. The five-class prediction models achieved accuracies from 39% (0.5 months) to 89% (8 months). Our approach provides an accurate prediction method for long-term weight loss, with potential for easier and more efficient management of weight loss interventions in the future. A web application is available: https://elolab.shinyapps.io/WeightChangePredictor/.

The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04019249 (Clinical Trials Identifier NCT04019249), first posted on 15/07/2019.
Quality inspection of specific electronic boards by deep neural networks
Authors: Klco Peter , Koniar Dusan , Hargas Libor , Pociskova Dimova Katarina , Chnapko Marek
Published: November 2023

Reliability and lifetime of specific electronics boards depends on the quality of manufacturing process. Especially soldering splashes in some areas of PCB (printed circuit board) can cause change of selected electrical parameters. Nowadays, the manual inspection is massively replaced by specialized visual systems checking the presence of different defects. The research carried out in this paper can be considered as industrial (industry requested) application of machine learning in automated object detection. Object of interest—solder splash—is characterized by its small area and similar properties (texture, color) as its surroundings. The aim of our research was to apply state-of-the art algorithms based on deep neural networks for detection such objects in relatively complex electronic board. The research compared seven different object detection models based on you-look-only-once (YOLO) and faster region based convolutional neural network architectures. Results show that our custom trained YOLOv8n detection model with 1.9 million parameters can detect solder splashes with low detection speed 90 ms and 96.6% mean average precision. Based on these results, the use of deep neural networks can be useful for early detection of solder splashes and potentially lead to higher productivity and cost savings.
Sediment deposition within cascade reservoirs: a case study of Baihetan Reservoir in the lower Jinshajiang River, China
Authors: Li Jun , Gao Yulei , Cao Lei , Dong Xianyong , Ma Yaochang , Zheng Yahui
Published: November 2023

Sediment deposition in cascade reservoirs is not only related to the utilization efficiency of the reservoir itself but also to the boundary conditions for the operation of other reservoirs in the same group. The Baihetan Reservoir is the largest hydropower project with the highest unit capacity in the world, and it is necessary to consider sediment deposition within it, as this affects the comprehensive operation of cascade reservoirs in the lower Jinshajiang River. In this study, the input water, sediment, and deposition characteristics were analyzed based on both field hydrological and topographic data of the Baihetan Reservoir during its initial impoundment period. The results showed that water entering Baihetan Reservoir was mainly derived from the upper main stream, and approximately 41% was concentrated in the third quarter. Ten times the amount of sediment derived from the main stream was received from tributaries and uncontrolled areas of the reservoir, and these are the main sediment input sources. The fluctuating backwater area influenced by the upstream Wudongde Reservoir was slightly eroded, and siltation mainly occurred in the dead storage capacity (below 765 m) of the main stream and tributary estuaries in the perennial backwater area; approximately 15.8 times that in the regulating storage capacity (between 765 and 785 m). The differences between the results of this study and those from the reservoir demonstration stage indicate that was a lack of understanding about how climate change, human activities, and uncontrolled areas would affect siltation patterns. In future projects, research focusing on climate trend analyses and the comprehensive consideration of human activities should be combined with extensive sediment production monitoring and model parameter calibration.
Examining the mechanics of rope bending over a three-dimensional edge in ascending robots
Authors: Choi Myeongjin , Ahn Sahoon , Kim Hwa Soo , Seo Taewon
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the analysis of ropes’ bending on three-dimension edges by ascending robots. A rope ascending robot (RAR) is a type of exterior wall-working robot that utilizes a synthetic rope to traverse the outer surface of a building. Rope-based façade cleaning robots demonstrate effective performance in well-structured buildings. However, in unstructured buildings, the rope used by these robots may become entangled or caught on various structures, presenting a significant challenge for their operation. If the rope becomes caught on a structure, the robot will be unable to move to its intended position. In more severe cases, the rope may become damaged, leading to potential failure or even a fall of the robot. Therefore, solving this problem is crucial for safe and efficient robot operation. Consequently, this study defines the issue of the rope becoming caught on a structure as a rope-locking problem and analyzes it by categorizing it based on the dimensions of contact between the rope and the edge. To address the varying tension experienced in different areas, the rope was divided into micro units and subjected to a three-dimensional analysis to resolve the rope-locking problem. Additionally, the analysis was verified by experiments.
The evolution and driving mechanism of land use classification systems in China
Authors: Xiang Hui
Published: November 2023

It is of great value to explore the evolution and dynamic mechanism of land use classification systems, such as improving the current classification system and providing guidance for scientific land use methodologies. In this study, the evolution process of land use classification systems in China is analyzed, the characteristics of which in terms of content-form, the urban–rural land use relationship and land functionality are compared, and the evolution mechanism of which is evaluated. The findings reveal that: (1) The land use classification systems in China have undergone a three-stage evolution process, comprising an initial "exploration stage", followed by an "improvement stage", culminating in a "maturity stage"; (2) The content and form of these systems exhibit distinct characteristics, marked by the refinement of construction land, stability in hierarchy, and an increase in the number of classifications. The urban–rural land use relationships have transitioned from a state of "urban–rural separation" to "urban–rural coordination", and ultimately to "urban–rural integration". Moreover, land functions have evolved from single to comprehensive; (3) The evolution of land use systems is primarily driven by national policies, socioeconomic development, and resource endowments, and in essence, it is constrained by the man-land relationship. To meet the needs of global village development, future land classification systems should strive to establish universal international standards.
Effect of CoSn3 nanocrystals on Sn3Ag plating for electronic packaging
Authors: Wang Jintao , Zhang Luobin , Lv ZiWen , Wang Jianqiang , Zhang Weiwei , Wang Xinjie , Chen Hongtao , Li Mingyu
Published: November 2023

Plating Sn3Ag on copper substrates represents a crucial electronic packaging technique. In this study, we propose a novel composite plating approach, wherein CoSn3 nanocrystals are deposited within the Sn3Ag coating. The resulting reflowed Sn3Ag joints exhibit a range of distinctive properties. Notably, CoSn3 nanocrystals dissolve in Sn during the reflow process, thereby lowering the supercooling required for Sn nucleation. Consequently, Sn crystals grow in six-fold cyclic twins. Additionally, the dissolution of Co atoms in Sn leads to a reduced solubility of Cu atoms in Sn, consequently lowering the supercooling required for the nucleation of Cu6Sn5. Simultaneously, this phenomenon promotes the nucleation of Cu6Sn5, resulting in a considerable precipitation of Cu6Sn5 nanoparticles within the joints. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the joints are significantly enhanced, leading to a notable 20% increase in shear strength. Furthermore, the presence and distribution of Co elements within Sn induce changes in the growth pattern of interfacial Cu6Sn5. The growth process of Cu6Sn5 is dominated by the interfacial reaction, leading to its growth in a faceted shape. During the aging process, the dissolution of Co elements in Sn impedes the continuous growth of Cu6Sn5 at the interface, causing Cu6Sn5 to be distributed in the form of islands inside the joint. Remarkably, elemental Co acts as an inhibitor for the development of Cu3Sn and reduces the occurrence of Kirkendall voids.
Association of executive function with suicidality based on resting-state functional connectivity in young adults with subthreshold depression
Authors: Yun Je-Yeon , Choi Soo-Hee , Park Susan , Jang Joon Hwan
Published: November 2023

Subthreshold depression (StD) is associated an increased risk of developing major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidality. Suicidality could be linked to distress intolerance and use of context-dependent strategies. We identified neural correlates of executive functioning among the hubs in the resting-state functional connectome (rs-FCN) and examined associations with recent suicidality in StD and MDD. In total, 79 young adults [27 StD, 30 MDD, and 23 healthy controls (HC)] were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging. Neurocognitive measures of the mean latency to correct five moves in the One Touch Stockings of Cambridge (OTSMLC5), spatial working memory between errors (SWMBE), rapid visual information processing A′ (RVPA′), and the stop signal reaction time in the stop signal test (SSTSSRT) were obtained. Global graph metrics were calculated to measure the network integration, segregation, and their balance in the rs-FCN. Regional graph metrics reflecting the number of neighbors (degree centrality; DC), participation in the shortcuts (betweenness centrality; BC), and accessibility to intersections (eigenvector centrality; EC) in the rs-FCN defined group-level hubs for StD, HC, and MDD, separately. Global network metrics were comparable among the groups (all P > 0.05). Among the group-level hubs, regional graph metrics of left dorsal anterior insula (dAI), right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), right rostral temporal thalamus, right precuneus, and left postcentral/middle temporal/anterior subgenual cingulate cortices were different among the groups. Further, significant associations with neurocognitive measures were found in the right dmPFC with SWMBE, and left dAI with SSTSSRT and RVPA′. Shorter OTSMLC5 was related to the lower centralities of right thalamus and suffer of recent 1-year suicidal ideation (all Ps < 0.05 in ≥ 2 centralities out of DC, BC, and EC). Collectively, salience and thalamic networks underlie spatial strategy and planning, response inhibition, and suicidality in StD and MDD. Anti-suicidal therapies targeting executive function and modulation of salience-thalamic network in StD and MDD are required.
All-inorganic halide perovskites for air-processed “n–i–p” monolithic perovskite/organic hybrid tandem solar cells exceeding 23% efficiency
Authors: Mali Sawanta S. , Patil Jyoti V. , Steele Julian A. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Kim Jin Hyeok , Hong Chang Kook
Published: November 2023

We are excited to report dynamic hot-air assisted ambient conditions processed metal ion-doped γ-CsPb(I1−xBrx)3 (Eg = 1.87 eV) wide bandgap in combination with a ternary bulk-heterojunction (Eg = 1.36 eV) narrow bandgap based monolithic hybrid tandem solar cells crossing 23% efficiency.
Preparation, modification and antifouling properties of polyaniline conductive membranes for water treatment: a comprehensive review
Authors: Hao Jiajin , Wang Lei , Wang Xudong , Wang Jin , He Miaolu , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Jiaqi , Nie LuJie , Li JingXian
Published: November 2023

Summarises the preparation, modification and use of polyaniline conductive membranes for water treatment and antifouling purposes.
Iron oxide-promoted photochemical oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Authors: Freese Thomas , Meijer Jelmer T. , Brands Maria B. , Alachouzos Georgios , Stuart Marc C. A. , Tarozo Rafael , Gerlach Dominic , Smits Joost , Rudolf Petra , Reek Joost N. H. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: November 2023

A sustainable catalyst development utilizing earth-abundant iron oxide (FeOx) nanoparticles for photochemical oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was achieved, generating a valuable green oxidant and future energy carrier.
Computational study of the physical characteristics of Si-based oxide perovskites for energy generation using DFT
Authors: Pasha Amjad Ali , Khan Hukam , Sohail Mohammad , Rahman Nasir , Khan Rajwali , Alsalmi Omar H. , Abduvalieva Dilsora , Abualnaja Khamael M. , El Jery Atef , Adrdery Mouataz
Published: November 2023

SiMO3 (M = Sn, Ge) silicon-based oxide perovskite compounds are studied using density functional theory (DFT) and Wien2k software to examine their structural, elastic, optical, and electronic properties.
Correction: The state of understanding of the electrochemical behaviours of a valve-regulated lead–acid battery comprising manganese dioxide-impregnated gel polymer electrolyte
Authors: Chikkatti Bipin S. , Sajjan Ashok M. , Banapurmath Nagaraj R.
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘The state of understanding of the electrochemical behaviours of a valve-regulated lead–acid battery comprising manganese dioxide-impregnated gel polymer electrolyte’ by Bipin S. Chikkatti et al., Mater. Adv., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ma00563a.
Sequestration of chromium(vi) and nickel(ii) heavy metals from unhygienic water via sustainable and innovative magnetic nanotechnology
Authors: Zulfiqar Noor , Shariatipour Monireh , Inam Fawad
Published: November 2023

This research endeavors to address the critical issue of water pollution via heavy metals by coupling the power of magnetic nanotechnology, in combination with a green chemistry approach, to eliminate two noxious inorganic pollutants: chromium(vi) and nickel(ii) from aqueous environments.
Attaining inhibition of sneak current and versatile logic operations in a singular halide perovskite memristive device by introducing appropriate interface barriers
Authors: He Song , Yu Xingyu , Wang Juanjuan , Zhong WenKang , Cheng Baochang , Zhao Jie
Published: November 2023

We have created ReRAMs using ITO/UVO-treated a-ZnO/MAPbI3/Ag to minimize cross-talk currents. Remarkably, a single unit can execute 12 different 2-input sequential logic functions seamlessly.
Celebrating 25 years of the Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials at Henan University
Authors: Bai Feng , Cheng Gang , Du Zuliang , Jia Guohua
Published: November 2023

Feng Bai, Gang Cheng, Zuliang Du and Guohua Jia introduce this themed collection celebrating the 25th anniversary of the Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials at Henan University.
Efficient Nb2O5@g-C3N4 heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction with highly selective conversion to CH4
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Jiang Jingwen , Wang Lilian , Guo Hong
Published: November 2023

A novel strategy combined with the virtues of both Nb2O5 and g-C3N4 is designed to construct a type II heterojunction, which realizes efficient photocatalytic CO2RR and shows great CH4 selectivity.
Influence of the N–H functionality on activating O,N,N-titanium complexes and controlling polyethylene molecular weights and distributions
Authors: Tian Jiliang , Gao Zhihao , Liu Yongxin , Braunstein Pierre , Liu Shaofeng , Li Zhibo
Published: November 2023

Ti complexes supported by O,N,N-ligands show unprecedented activity in ethylene polymerization and produce polymers with unimodal/narrow or bimodal/broad distributions, depending upon amine-N substituents and catalyst pre-activation or not.
Electrochemical (radio)-halodesilylation of aromatic silanes
Authors: Gong Kehao , Lin Long , Gao Xinyan , Zeng Xiaojun , Xu Bo , Han Junbin
Published: November 2023

We have developed a green and efficient electrochemical halodesilylation of trimethylsilanes to synthesize aryl halides.
Curcumin-loaded porous particles functionalized with pH-responsive cell-penetrating peptide for colorectal cancer targeted drug delivery
Authors: Izadi Zhila , Rashidi Maryam , Derakhshankhah Hossein , Dolati Mozhdeh , Ghanbari Kermanshahi Mohammad , Adibi Hadi , Samadian Hadi
Published: November 2023

(A) Schematic of synthetic procedure for preparing trehalose/PLP-coated aerogels for loading curcumin and (B) curcumin-loaded porous particles functionalized with pH-responsive cell penetrating peptide.
Tailoring thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for efficient electrochemiluminescence with tripropylamine as coreactant
Authors: Morgan Luca , Pavan Giulio , Demitri Nicola , Alberoni Chiara , Scattolin Thomas , Roverso Marco , Bogialli Sara , Aliprandi Alessandro
Published: November 2023

Bringing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters from organic solvents to water to enable electrochemiluminescence applications.
Environmental implications of metal–organic frameworks and MXenes in biomedical applications: a perspective
Authors: Farasati Far Bahareh , Rabiee Navid , Iravani Siavash
Published: November 2023

Important aspects regarding the environmental implications and biosafety of MOFs and MXenes in biomedicine are deliberated, focusing on main challenges and future directions.
Transfer learning for a foundational chemistry model
Authors: King-Smith Emma
Published: November 2023

Harnessing knowledge from crystal structures yields a model that can predict a variety of chemistry-relevant outcomes.
A near-infrared light-activated nanoprobe for simultaneous detection of hydrogen polysulfide and sulfur dioxide in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Luo Xianzhu , Zhang Cuiling , Yue Chenyang , Jiang Yuelin , Yang Fei , Xian Yuezhong
Published: November 2023

We developed a NIR light-activated dual-responsive nanoprobe (UCNP@mSiO2@SPNP-NAP) for the simultaneous detection of H2Snand SO2during ferroptosis-related ischemia–reperfusion injury.
From brew to clean fuel: harnessing distillery wastewater for electrolysis H2 generation using nano scale nickle selenide water oxidation catalysts
Authors: Walsh Michael , Tan Jeannie Z. Y. , Nagarajan Sanjay , Macgregor Kenneth , Andresen John M. , Maroto-Valer M. Mercedes , Pitchaimuthu Sudhagar
Published: November 2023

This study unveils a promising and innovative strategy for electrochemical green H2 generation utilizing distillery industry wastewater. Investigating simultaneous electrochemical processes, it offers a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment and energy production.
Engineering of hollow periodic mesoporous organosilica nanorods for augmented hydrogen clathrate formation
Authors: Watson Geert , Kummamuru Nithin B. , Verbruggen Sammy W. , Perreault Patrice , Houlleberghs Maarten , Martens Johan , Breynaert Eric , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: November 2023

Careful engineering of the surface chemistries of porous additives for H2 clathrate formation could enhance the H2 storage capacities, a vital requirement for their use as alternative H2 storage medium.
Recent progress in group-III metal chalcogenide based Janus materials: from properties to potential applications
Authors: Ma Zengying , Zhou Tao , Duan Wensong , Huang Yucheng
Published: November 2023

The geometry, physical properties, and potential applications of group-III metal chalcogenides and their derived Janus structures are reviewed, and future exploration options are summarized and prospected.
Polyamidoxime (PAO) granules for solar-enhanced uranium extraction from seawater
Authors: Zhang Xue , Gao Qianhong , Shao Dadong
Published: November 2023

Extracting uranium (U(vi)) from seawater can effectively solve the shortage of uranium resources on land.