bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique aqueous Li-ion/sulfur chemistry with high energy density and reversibility
Authors: Yang Chongyin , Suo Liumin , Borodin Oleg , Wang Fei , Sun Wei , Gao Tao , Fan Xiulin , Hou Singyuk , Ma Zhaohui , Amine Khalil , Xu Kang , Wang Chunsheng
Published: June 2017

Significance

Sulfur as an anode coupled with a lithium-ion intercalation cathode in the superconcentrated aqueous electrolyte creates a unique Li-ion/sulfur chemistry, realizing the highest energy density ever achieved in aqueous batteries, along with high safety and excellent cycle-life. Mechanism investigation finds that the reversible sulfur lithiation/delithiation in such an aqueous electrolyte proceeds with fast kinetics that significantly differ from that in nonaqueous systems, whereas polysulfides’ insolubility in such an aqueous electrolyte essentially eliminates the parasitic shuttling. The excellent performances of Li-ion/sulfur cells not only find an application of “water-in-salt” electrolyte for beyond Li-ion chemistries, more importantly, an alternative pathway is provided to solve the “polysulfide shuttling” that has been plaguing the sulfur chemistries in nonaqueous electrolytes.
The epistemization of person markers in reported speech
Authors: Widmer Manuel , Zemp Marius
Published: June 2017

Egophoricity is a cross-linguistically rare grammatical phenomenon. While numerous descriptive studies have substantially improved our synchronic understanding of the category in recent years, we are still largely ignorant of the diachronic origins of egophoricity systems. In this article, we address this gap and discuss a diachronic process that transforms person agreement markers into egophoricity markers. Based on evidence from three Tibeto-Burman languages, we reconstruct the diachronic transformation and argue that the process starts out in reported speech clauses once the direct construal of the predicate is generalized. This generalization allows for the functional reanalysis of first and third person markers as egophoric and allophoric markers, while second person markers become functionally obsolete. Once person markers have undergone an epistemization in reported speech clauses, the innovative epistemic system is extended to simple declarative and interrogative clauses, where it gradually replaces the conservative person agreement system.
Clause-internal antitopics in Berta, a Nilo-Saharan verb-second language
Authors: Andersen Torben
Published: June 2017

This article deals with clausal constituent order and dislocation constructions in Berta, a Nilo-Saharan language with indicative clauses being verb-second. The preverbal slot is occupied by either an unmarked NP which may have any or no grammatical relation to the verb, a focus constituent, or a particular function word. This slot may be empty, but in that case it implies a zero third person referent. In addition to left-dislocated NPs, which are clause-external and which are resumed pronominally clause-internally, in some cases by zero, Berta also has a construction in which an NP is right-dislocated but remains inside the clause. This “antitopic” is marked by a preposition, and it has a clause-internal pronominal antecedent which may be zero and which is either a subject, an object or an adverbial. The clause-internal status of the antitopic is evidenced by the fact that it may be followed by certain other clause-internal constituents.
Artificial Contraception is Associated with Increased Numbers of Induced Abortions
Authors: Pritchett Angeliqué C. , Fernández José R.
Published: June 2017

Since the sexual revolution, it has been a widely accepted fact that contraceptives have been a necessity for our society. They seem to be the best way to prevent unwanted pregnancies that would otherwise result from sexual unions between two people unprepared for the commitment of raising any or additional children. It almost goes without saying that the more effective and available contraceptives become, the less likely women who wish to avoid pregnancy will become pregnant and the fewer induced abortions they will seek. In reality, the information available concerning abortions and the women who obtain them points to a different conclusion. The more effective and available contraceptives become in a society, the more widespread the practice of induced abortions becomes. On the other hand, natural family planning has been associated with fewer induced abortions when an unplanned pregnancy results. This paper will present a sample of the information available, attempt to draw conclusions, and discuss the possible reasons that contraceptives are unavoidably linked to increasing numbers of induced abortions and that, conversely, natural family planning is associated with very few or no induced abortions.
Histone demethylase KDM5A regulates the ZMYND8–NuRD chromatin remodeler to promote DNA repair
Authors: Gong Fade , Clouaire Thomas , Aguirrebengoa Marion , Legube Gaëlle , Miller Kyle M.
Published: June 2017

Upon DNA damage, histone modifications are dynamically reshaped to accommodate DNA damage signaling and repair within chromatin. In this study, we report the identification of the histone demethylase KDM5A as a key regulator of the bromodomain protein ZMYND8 and NuRD (nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation) complex in the DNA damage response. We observe KDM5A-dependent H3K4me3 demethylation within chromatin near DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. Mechanistically, demethylation of H3K4me3 is required for ZMYND8–NuRD binding to chromatin and recruitment to DNA damage. Functionally, KDM5A deficiency results in impaired transcriptional silencing and repair of DSBs by homologous recombination. Thus, this study identifies a crucial function for KDM5A in demethylating H3K4 to allow ZMYND8–NuRD to operate within damaged chromatin to repair DSBs.
Electro-gravity via geometric chrononfield
Authors: Suchard Eytan H.
Published: June 2017

In De Sitter / Anti De Sitter space-time and in other geometries, reference sub-manifolds from which proper time is measured along integral curves, are described as events. We introduce here a foliation with the help of a scalar field. The scalar field need not be unique but from the gradient of the scalar field, an intrinsic Reeb vector of the foliations perpendicular to the gradient vector is calculated. The Reeb vector describes the acceleration of a physical particle that moves along the integral curves that are formed by the gradient of the scalar field. The Reeb vector appears as a component of an anti-symmetric matrix which is a part of a rank-2, 2-Form. The 2-form is extended into a non-degenerate 4-form and into rank-4 matrix of a 2-form, which when multiplied by a velocity of a particle, becomes the acceleration of the particle. The matrix has one U(1) degree of freedom and an additional SU(2) degrees of freedom in two vectors that span the plane perpendicular to the gradient of the scalar field and to the Reeb vector. In total, there are U(1) x SU(2) degrees of freedom. SU(3) degrees of freedom arise from three dimensional foliations but require an additional symmetry to exist in order to have a valid covariant meaning.

Matter in the Einstein Grossmann equation is replaced by the action of the acceleration field, i.e. by a geometric action which is not anticipated by the metric alone. This idea leads to a new formalism that replaces the conventional stress-energy-momentum-tensor. The formalism will be mainly developed for classical physics but will also be discussed for quantized physics based on events instead of particles. The result is that a positive charge manifests small attracting gravity and a stronger but small repelling acceleration field that repels even uncharged particles that have a rest mass. Negative charge manifests a repelling anti-gravity but also a stronger acceleration field that attracts even uncharged particles that have rest mass.

Preliminary version: http://sciencedomain.org/abstract/9858
Mephentermine Dependence in a Young Athlete: Case Report With Review of Literature
Authors: Singh Swarndeep , Gupta Ankit , Sarkar Siddharth
Published: June 2017

Mephentermine is structurally related to amphetamines and is banned for its use as a performance-enhancing drug in competitive sports. Limited literature is available on management of mephentermine dependence. Here, we describe a case of mephentermine dependence followed by review of literature and a discussion about its management. A 20-year-old professional wrestler presented with high-dose intravenous mephentermine use, and rapid development of dependence, in the absence of any comorbid substance use or psychiatric disorder. The client showed improvement with bupropion and individual counseling sessions. The present report highlights the need to explore effective treatment options for individuals who have been addicted to mephentermine.
Single-stage excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma in selected patients: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Giudice Giuseppe , Robusto Fabio , Vestita Michelangelo , Annoscia Paolo , Elia Rossella , Nacchiero Eleonora
Published: June 2017

Sometimes, diagnostic excision of a primary melanoma would already necessitate skin grafting or transposition skin flaps, especially in areas with an esthetic or functional importance. The utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after skin reconstruction is controversial. We carried out a single-institution retrospective case–control study. In patients with a wide primary lesion at high clinical–dermatoscopic suspicion for invasive melanoma in anatomical region in which a reconstruction with a skin graft or a flap is required, we proposed the performance of a confocal microscopy examination and an incisional biopsy of the primary lesion. If these diagnostic methodologies confirmed the suspicion of melanoma, lymphatic mapping was performed before the wide excision (WE) of the primary lesion, and WE and SLNB were performed during the same operative procedure. The database evaluation showed 496 patients who had undergone a previous complete local excision and a subsequent SLNB (two-stage group), whereas 61 patients underwent WE and SLNB during the same surgical time (one-stage group). Histological results of the excisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of melanoma in all patients of the one-stage group. The false-negative rate was lower in the one-stage group (5.5%) than in the two-stage group (16.7%). Patients of the two groups showed a similar recurrence-free and overall survival period even when corrected for clinic-demographical variables. The concomitant execution of SLNB and WE after confocal microscopy examination and incisional biopsy appears to be a safe and accurate procedure in patients with a wide primary melanoma that requires a skin flaps or a skin graft to cover the residual defect.
Direct measurement of local constitutive relations, at the micrometre scale, in bulk metallic alloys
Authors: Plancher E. , Favier V. , Maurice C. , Bosso E. , Rupin N. , Stodolna J. , Loisnard D. , Marijon J.-B. , Petit J. , Micha J.-S. , Robach O. , Castelnau O.
Published: June 2017

Multiscale models involving crystal plasticity are essential to predict the elastoplastic behavior of structural materials with respect to their microstructure. However, those models are often limited by a poor knowledge of the local constitutive behavior. This article reports a method to measure the mechanical behavior directly, at the micrometre scale, in bulk crystalline materials. Local strain and stress states were evaluated at the surface of a bent stainless steel crystal by combining total strain measurements – performed with the digital image correlation technique on optical images – with elastic strain measurements obtained by Laue microdiffraction. A local constitutive relation was measured, in an efficient nondestructive way, without the need for full-field simulations. The method was validated by a comparison between the measured local behavior and the macroscopic behavior of the single crystal.
A microcontroller for in situ single-crystal diffraction measurements with a PILATUS-2M detector under an alternating electric field
Authors: Choe Hyeokmin , Heidbrink Stefan , Ziolkowski Michael , Pietsch Ullrich , Dyadkin Vadim , Gorfman Semën , Chernyshov Dmitry
Published: June 2017

A new data acquisition system for in situ time-resolved three-dimensional reciprocal space mapping is reported. The system is based on a programmable microcontroller for generating a functional low-voltage signal, a pixel area detector serving as a master clock and a high-voltage amplifier. Both Bragg and diffuse scattering can be mapped in a large volume of reciprocal space under an alternating electric field of a pre-programmed shape. The system has been tested at the Swiss–Norwegian Beamline BM01 of the European Synchrotron by measuring the electric field dependence of diffuse X-ray scattering from a functional perovskite-based ferroelectric single crystal.
Exploring academic hiring and life in humanities and social sciences at an English research university through a PhD students-as-partners project
Authors: Brown Katie , Mountford-Zimdars Anna
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is twofold: to make explicit academics’ tacit knowledge of academic employment and to develop the educational research and employability skills of 12 postgraduate researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

Twelve postgraduate researchers from ten different disciplines conducted 24 semi-structured interviews (12 with early career academics, 12 with senior academics). Respondents shared the skills, experiences and attributes sought when hiring and their lived experience of being academics.

Findings

The importance given to both explicitly stated (publications, teaching experience) and implicit (values, behaviour) factors varies greatly among individual academics. There is a mismatch between stated job requirements and the realities of academic life. A students-as-partners project fosters critical engagement with these questions and offers other benefits to participants.

Research limitations/implications

Most respondents work at one research-intensive English institution, potentially limiting generalisability to teaching-led and international institutions.

Practical/implications

Researcher development programmes should make explicit the range of factors considered in hiring while also encouraging critical engagement with the realities of academic work. Through students-as-partners projects, postgraduate research students can uncover first-hand what academic life is like and what hiring committees are looking for.

Originality/value

Through involving students-as-partners, the research question changed to reflect the actual concerns of those contemplating an academic career. Students gained invaluable awareness of academic hiring and insights into academic life, as well as transferable skills.
Where Will Your Next Holden Come From? The 2004 EU Enlargement and Trade with Australia
Authors: Pomfret Richard , Sourdin Patricia
Published: June 2017

The impact on Australia of the 2004 EU enlargement highlighted a major change in the global economy. Previous EU enlargements, notably British accession in 1973, diverted trade from third countries such as Australia. After 2004, trade between Australia and new Eastern European EU members boomed. Deep integration allowed EU firms to create regional value chains. Cars produced in regional value chains, often with final assembly in Eastern Europe, are globally competitive. Reduced trade costs contributed to competitiveness, even in distant Australia, where Volkswagen, Audi, Peugeot and Holden cars are imported from Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland.
Age‐Specific Prevalence of Binge and High‐Intensity Drinking Among U.S. Young Adults: Changes from 2005 to 2015
Authors: Patrick Megan E. , Terry‐McElrath Yvonne M. , Miech Richard A. , Schulenberg John E. , O'Malley Patrick M. , Johnston Lloyd D.
Published: June 2017

Background

This study examined changes during the past decade, from 2005 to 2015, in binge and high‐intensity drinking in 7 separate age groups of U.S. 12th graders and young adults.

Methods

National longitudinal data (N = 6,711) from Monitoring the Future were used to examine trends in consuming 5+, 10+, and 15+ drinks on the same occasion in the past 2 weeks from ages 18 to 29/30 overall and by gender. Results were compared with trends in past 12‐month and 30‐day alcohol use for the same age groups.

Results

Between 2005 and 2015, binge (5+) and high‐intensity drinking (10+, 15+) generally decreased for individuals in their early 20s, remained somewhat stable for individuals in their mid‐20s, and increased for individuals at the end of young adulthood (age 29/30). The observed historical trends in binge and high‐intensity drinking were similar to those for past 12‐month and past 30‐day alcohol use for those aged 18 to 20, but diverged for most other age groups in young adulthood. Trends were generally similar for men and women, except that the increase in prevalence began earlier in young adulthood for women than for men.

Conclusions

Binge and high‐intensity drinking among U.S. 12th graders and young adults are dynamic phenomena. Prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing the harms resulting from 5+, 10+, and 15+ drinking should acknowledge and focus on differences in trends in these behaviors by age and gender.
When It Comes to Older Adults, Language Matters: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Adopts Modified American Medical Association Style
Authors: Lundebjerg Nancy E. , Trucil Daniel E. , Hammond Emily C. , Applegate William B.
Published: June 2017

This Editorial comments on the article by Philip Donald St John.
A multicenter review of ablation in the aortic cusps in young people
Authors: Nguyen Minh B. , Ceresnak Scott R. , Janson Christopher M. , Fishberger Steven B. , Love Barry A. , Blaufox Andrew D. , Motonaga Kara S. , Dubin Anne M. , Nappo Lynn , Pass Robert H.
Published: June 2017

Background

Ablation within the aortic cusp is safe and effective in adults. There are little data on aortic cusp ablation in the pediatric literature. We investigated the safety and efficacy of aortic cusp ablation in young patients.

Methods

A retrospective, descriptive study of aortic cusp ablation in five pediatric electrophysiology centers from 2008 to 2014 was performed. All patients <21 years of age who underwent ablation in the aortic cusps were included. Factors analyzed included patient demographics, procedural details, outcomes, and complications.

Results

Thirteen patients met inclusion criteria (median age 16 years [range 10–20.5] and median body surface area 1.58 m2 [range 1.12–2.33]). Substrates for ablation included: nine premature ventricular contractions or sustained ventricular tachycardia (69%), two concealed anteroseptal accessory pathways (APs) (15%), one Wolff‐Parkinson‐White with an anteroseptal AP (8%), and one ectopic atrial tachycardia (8%). Three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping in combination with fluoroscopy was used in 12/13 (92%) patients. Standard 4‐mm‐tip radiofrequency (RF) current was used in 11/13 (85%) and low‐power irrigated‐tip RF in 2/13 (15%). Angiography was used in 13/13 and intracardiac echocardiography was additionally utilized in 3/13 (23%). Ablation locations included: eight noncoronary (62%), three left (23%), and two right (15%) cusps. Ablation was acutely successful in all patients. At median follow‐up of 20 months, there was one recurrence of PVCs (8%). There were no ablation‐related complications and no valvular injuries observed.

Conclusion

Arrhythmias originating from the coronary cusps in this series were successfully and safely ablated in young people without injury to the coronary arteries or the aortic valve.
Risk score to assess mortality risk in patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction
Authors: Oszczygieł Ewa , Kutarski Andrzej , Oszczygieł Andrzej , Mańkowska‐Załuska Beata , Chudzik Michał , Wranicz Jerzy Krzysztof , Cygankiewicz Iwona
Published: June 2017

Aims

The main aim of this study was to assess 1‐year mortality and its predictors in a cohort of patients who underwent transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedure.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and 1‐year follow‐up of patients referred for a TLE procedure in a single, high‐volume center between June 2006 and October 2014 was performed.

Results

The studied population included 130 patients (82 males; mean age 64 ± 15 years) implanted with pacemakers (74%), implantable cardioverter defibrillators (15%), or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (11%). Indications for the extraction included infective endocarditis (40.5%), pocket infection (18.5%), and lead fault or failure (41%). Total radiological success rate was 90% while clinical success rate was 93.5%. The cumulative 1‐year mortality was 28%. Mortality was higher in a group of older patients (94.4% vs 68%, P = 0.001) and those with chronic kidney disease (33.3% vs 4.3 %, P = 0.0002) as well as in patients after removal of high voltage lead (88.9% vs 26.3%, P = 0.01). Higher mortality was also related to infection as an indication for TLE (37.2% vs 13.5%, P = 0.002). Following these findings a new risk score model named IKAR (I = infective indications; K = kidney dysfunction; A = age ≥ 56; R = removal of high voltage lead) was constructed. Patients with IKAR score ≥3 points were characterized by 79% mortality as compared to 16% in those with a score 1–2 points.

Conclusions

One‐year mortality of patients undergoing TLE procedure can be predicted by using IKAR risk score.
Utilizing a DUALEM‐421 and inversion modelling to map baseline soil salinity along toposequences in the Hunter Valley Wine district
Authors: Stockmann U. , Huang J. , Minasny B. , Triantafilis J.
Published: June 2017

In the oldest commercial wine district of Australia, the Hunter Valley, there is the threat of soil salinization because marine sediments underlie the area. To understand the risk requires information about the spatial distribution of soil properties. Electromagnetic (EM) induction instruments have been used to identify and map the spatial variation of average soil salinity to a certain depth. However, soils vary with depth dependent on soil forming factors. We collected data from a single‐frequency and multiple‐coil DUALEM‐421 along a toposequence. We inverted this data using EM4Soil software and evaluated the resultant 2‐dimensional model of true electrical conductivity (σ – mS/m) with depth against electrical conductivity of saturated soil pastes (ECp – dS/m). Using a fitted linear regression (LR) model calibration approach and by varying the forward model (cumulative function‐CF and full solution‐FS), inversion algorithm (S1 and S2), damping factor (λ) and number of arrays, we determined a suitable electromagnetic conductivity image (EMCI), which was optimal (R2 = 0.82) when using the full solution, S2, λ = 3.6 and all six coil arrays. We conducted an uncertainty analysis of the LR model used to estimate the electrical conductivity of the saturated soil‐paste extract (ECe – dS/m). Our interpretation based on estimates of ECe suggests the approach can identify differences in salinity, how these vary with parent material and how topography influences salt distribution. The results provide information leading to insights into how soil forming factors and agricultural practices influence salinity down a toposequence and how this can guide soil management practices.
Influence of sex on the number of circulating endothelial microparticles and microRNA expression in middle‐aged adults
Authors: Bammert Tyler D. , Hijmans Jamie G. , Kavlich Philip J. , Lincenberg Grace M. , Reiakvam Whitney R. , Fay Ryan T. , Greiner Jared J. , Stauffer Brian L. , DeSouza Christopher A.
Published: June 2017

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Are there sex‐related differences in the number of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and microparticle microRNA expression in middle‐aged adult humans?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Although the numbers of circulating endothelial microparticles do not differ between middle‐aged men and women, there are sex‐related differences in the expression of miR‐125a in activation‐derived EMPs and miR‐34a in apoptosis‐derived EMPs. Differences in circulating endothelial microparticle microRNA content may provide new insight into the sex‐related disparity in the risk and prevalence of vascular disease in middle‐aged adults.

The aims of this study were to determine: (i) whether circulating concentrations of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) differ in middle‐aged men compared with women; and (ii) whether there are sex‐related differences in microRNA expression in EMPs. Peripheral blood was collected from 30 sedentary adults: 15 men (56 ± 6 years old) and 15 women (56 ± 5 years old). Endothelial microparticles were defined by markers of activation (CD62e+) or apoptosis (CD31+/CD42b−) by flow cytometry. Expression of microRNA (miR‐34a, 92a, 125a and 126) in activation‐ and apoptosis‐derived EMPs was measured by RT‐PCR. Circulating activation‐ (33 ± 31 versus 39 ± 35 microparticles μl−1) and apoptosis‐derived EMPs (49 ± 54 versus 42 ± 43 microparticles μl−1) were not significantly different between men and women. Expression of miR‐125a (2.23 ± 2.01 versus 6.95 ± 3.99 a.u.) was lower (∼215%; P < 0.05) in activation‐derived EMPs, whereas expression of miR‐34a (1.17 ± 1.43 versus 0.38 ± 0.35 a.u.) was higher (∼210%; P < 0.05) in apoptosis‐derived EMPs from men compared with women. Expression of microRNA in circulating EMPs may provide new insight into sex‐related differences in cardiovascular disease.
Comparison of the vasodilatory effects of sodium nitroprusside vs. nitroglycerin
Authors: Ranadive Sushant M. , Eugene Andy R. , Dillon Gabrielle , Nicholson Wayne T. , Joyner Michael J.
Published: June 2017

The vasodilatory mechanism of Nntroglycerin (NTG) is similar to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in regard to action on guanosine 3′5′-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) via nitric oxide. However, it is unknown whether NTG can achieve the same magnitude of vasodilation in the forearm as SNP. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the differences in forearm blood flow (FBF) and forearm vascular conductance (FVC) during escalating infusions of NTG vs. SNP at similar concentration doses and rates. We measured FBF using venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) and Doppler ultrasound in eight young, healthy participants (mean age = 28 ± 2 yr) during four forearm volume (FAV)-specific doses (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 µg·100 ml FAV−1·min−1) of SNP and NTG infused via a brachial artery catheter. There was a significant difference in FVC of SNP vs. NTG only at the higher doses, as measured by VOP (14.9 ± 1.4 and 18.3 ± 1.5 vs. 11.6 ± 1.2 and 12.5 ± 1.2 ml/dl FAV−1·min−1·100 mmHg−1). FVC as measured by Doppler ultrasound unadjusted for FAV was significantly different at the lowest and the higher two doses of SNP compared with NTG (202.1 ± 25.8, 329.4 ± 46.7, and 408 ± 63.5 vs. 142.9 ± 22.4, 217.2 ± 18.8, and 247.5 ± 18.2 ml·min−1·100 mmHg−1). SNP induces significantly higher vasodilatory actions compared with NTG. However, NTG is comparable in eliciting equivalent vasodilator effects to SNP during low concentration doses when measured by VOP. Importantly, for forearm pharmacology studies, NTG can elicit marked endothelium-independent forearm vasodilation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compared the vasodilatory capacities of NTG vs. SNP at similar concentration doses and rates into the forearm. Based on the results of the study, it may be feasible to use intra-arterial NTG as a measure of endothelial-independent vasodilator in research studies. However, NTG dosing may need to be higher if used as an endothelial-independent vasodilator due to significant differences in the vasodilatory effects during higher doses of SNP compared with NTG.
Neurophysiology and neural engineering: a review
Authors: Prochazka Arthur
Published: June 2017

Neurophysiology is the branch of physiology concerned with understanding the function of neural systems. Neural engineering (also known as neuroengineering) is a discipline within biomedical engineering that uses engineering techniques to understand, repair, replace, enhance, or otherwise exploit the properties and functions of neural systems. In most cases neural engineering involves the development of an interface between electronic devices and living neural tissue. This review describes the origins of neural engineering, the explosive development of methods and devices commencing in the late 1950s, and the present-day devices that have resulted. The barriers to interfacing electronic devices with living neural tissues are many and varied, and consequently there have been numerous stops and starts along the way. Representative examples are discussed. None of this could have happened without a basic understanding of the relevant neurophysiology. I also consider examples of how neural engineering is repaying the debt to basic neurophysiology with new knowledge and insight.
Model Predictive Direct Power Control of DC Micro Grid Rectifier Based on Neutral Point Potential Balance
Authors: Xiaojuan Lu , Xinju Wang , Haiying Dong
Published: June 2017

Aimed at the problem of DC micro grid rectifier control delay and the DC bus voltage stability, the method of two‐step model predictive direct power control (TMPDPC) combined with neutral point potential control is proposed. Model predictive direct power control (MPDPC) is designed for rectifier. A cost function is then used to evaluate the active and reactive power ripples, from which the vector that generates the lowest power ripple will be applied during the next sampling interval. Two‐step predictive control is designed to compensate for the delay of one‐step predictive control. On the basis of this, the two‐capacitor voltage unbalance problem in DC side is considered, and the neutral point potential control is added. In the Matlab/Simulink simulation, compared with control effect of direct power control (DPC) and one‐step model predictive direct power control (OMPDPC), the control strategy of neutral point potential added to TMPDPC can make the system stability and control accuracy better. The validity of this scheme was validated by physical simulation at last.
High Glucose Level Disturbs the Resveratrol-Evoked Curtailment of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signaling in Human Placental Circulation
Authors: Szukiewicz Dariusz , Pyzlak Michal , Szewczyk Grzegorz , Stangret Aleksandra , Trojanowski Seweryn , Bachanek Michal , Braksator Wojciech , Wejman Jaroslaw
Published: June 2017

Hyperglycemia-induced hyperactivity of chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) occurs in the human placenta. Anti-inflammatory/antioxidant activities of resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) are related to the modulation of chemokine CX3CL1 and its receptor, CX3CR1, signaling pathways. We examined the influence of high glucose (25 mmol/L glucose; HG group; N=36) on resveratrol-mediated effects on CX3CL1 and TNF-α production by the placental lobule, CX3CR1 expression and contents of CX3CR1, TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1), and NF-κB proteins in placental tissue. The placental lobules perfused under normoglycemic conditions formed the control NG group (N=36). Resveratrol (50 and 100 μM; subgroups B and C) administered into the perfusion fluid lowered the production of both CX3CL1 and TNF-α. The reductions in CX3CL1 levels were more evident in the NG group. CX3CR1 expression was significantly higher in the NG subgroups B and C compared to the HG subgroups B and C (385.2 and 426.5% versus 199.3 and 282.4%, resp.). An increase in CX3CR1 protein content in placental lysates was observed in the NG subgroups B and C. Also, resveratrol significantly decreased NF-κBp65 protein content only in the NG group, not affecting hyperglycemia-elicited TNFR1 upregulation. In conclusion, euglycemia assures optimal effects of resveratrol pertaining to CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling in the placenta. Future studies on resveratrol are needed, especially those including maternal-fetal risk assessments.
Venetoclax Synergizes with Radiotherapy for Treatment of B-cell Lymphomas
Authors: O'Steen Shyril , Green Damian J. , Gopal Ajay K. , Orozco Johnnie J. , Kenoyer Aimee L. , Lin Yukang , Wilbur D. Scott , Hamlin Donald K. , Fisher Darrell R. , Hylarides Mark D. , Gooley Theodore A. , Waltman Amelia , Till Brian G. , Press Oliver W.
Published: June 2017

Constitutive B-cell receptor signaling leads to overexpression of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 protein and is implicated in the pathogenesis of many types of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). The BCL-2 small-molecule inhibitor venetoclax shows promising clinical response rates in several lymphomas, but is not curative as monotherapy. Radiotherapy is a rational candidate for combining with BCL-2 inhibition, as DNA damage caused by radiotherapy increases the activity of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 pathway proteins, and lymphomas are exquisitely sensitive to radiation. We tested B-NHL responses to venetoclax combined with either external beam radiotherapy or radioimmunotherapy (RIT), which joins the selectivity of antibody targeting with the effectiveness of irradiation. We first tested cytotoxicity of cesium-137 irradiation plus venetoclax in 14 B-NHL cell lines representing five lymphoma subtypes. Combination treatment synergistically increased cell death in 10 of 14 lines. Lack of synergy was predicted by resistance to single-agent venetoclax and high BCL-XL expression. We then assessed the efficacy of external beam radiotherapy plus venetoclax in murine xenograft models of mantle cell (MCL), germinal-center diffuse large B-cell (GCB-DLBCL), and activated B-cell (ABC-DLBCL) lymphomas. In each model, external beam radiotherapy plus venetoclax synergistically increased mouse survival time, curing up to 10%. We finally combined venetoclax treatment of MCL and ABC-DLBCL xenografts with a pretargeted RIT (PRIT) system directed against the CD20 antigen. Optimal dosing of PRIT plus venetoclax cured 100% of mice with no detectable toxicity. Venetoclax combined with radiotherapy may be a promising treatment for a wide range of lymphomas Cancer Res; 77(14); 3885–93. ©2017 AACR.
A Riddling Recipe?
Authors: Overduin Floris
Published: June 2017

This article provides a detailed interpretation and suggests a literary background for the brief (26 verses) elegiac recipe against colic (SH 690), written by Philo of Tarsus in the first century AD. Although on one level it is a serious pharmacological prescription, on another level it is also a literary piece, concerned with a marked tone of voice, Homeric play, and general display of paideia. Particularly its play of substituting certain ingredients with mythological riddles is striking. Its appeal to both doctors and men of culture fits the intellectual pattern of the culture of the Second Sophistic. As a poetic hybrid it also plays on different genres inherited from the previous Hellenistic era. Moreover, it constitutes a telling example of the late subgenre of elegiac pharmacology, in an era in which elegiac had all but vanished from Greek literature.
Probation practice in the information age
Authors: Phillips Jake
Published: June 2017

This article analyses the implications of the greater use of technology and information in probation practice. Using data generated via an ethnography of probation, the article firstly argues that probation in England and Wales now exists in what scholars would identify as ‘the information age’ (i.e. that computers and other technologies work to define and create probation practice as we know it). The article goes on to use actor-network theory to analyse two ‘heterogeneous networks’ to explore the way in which probation practitioners and the technologies they use interact to create particular forms of practice. The article argues that unless we understand the technology that underpins practice we cannot fully understand practice. Finally, the article considers the implications of this analysis for probation post-Transforming Rehabilitation (TR).
Skin Temperature Rhythms in Humans Respond to Changes in the Timing of Sleep and Light
Authors: Cuesta Marc , Boudreau Philippe , Cermakian Nicolas , Boivin Diane B.
Published: June 2017

Body temperature is known to vary with circadian phase and to be influenced by factors that can mask its circadian expression. We wanted to test whether skin temperature rhythms were sensitive to an abrupt shift of the sleep schedule and to the resetting effects of light. Nineteen healthy subjects spent 6 days in time isolation and underwent a simulated night-shift procedure. They were assigned to either a control group ( n = 10) or bright light group ( n = 9) and measurements were taken under a baseline day-oriented schedule and during the 4th cycle of a night-oriented schedule. In the bright light group, participants were exposed to a 3-cycle 8-h exposure of ~6,500 lux at night, while the control group remained in dim light conditions (~3 lux). Skin temperature was recorded in 10 and 4 participants from the control and bright light groups, respectively. We found significant circadian rhythms of plasma melatonin, core body temperature (CBT), and skin temperature at baseline for both groups ( p < 0.001 for all). Rhythms of melatonin, CBT, and skin temperature following night shifts were significantly phase delayed by about 7 to 9 h ( p < 0.05) in response to bright light at night, whereas there was no shift in the control group. In addition, we found that at bedtime melatonin does not consistently increase before the increase in distal skin temperature and subsequent decrease in CBT, in contrast to what has been previously reported. The present study shows that, in constant posture conditions, skin temperature rhythms have an evoked component sensitive to abrupt changes in the timing of sleep. They also comprise an endogenous component that is sensitive to the resetting effects of bright light exposure. These results have applications for the determination of circadian phase, as skin temperature is less intrusive than rectal temperature recordings.
Development of a Student-Led Ambulatory Medication Reconciliation Program at an Academic Institution
Authors: Miranda Aimon C. , Cole Jaclyn D. , Ruble Melissa J. , Serag-Bolos Erini S.
Published: June 2017

Objectives:

To integrate fourth-year student pharmacists on advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) rotations within several different ambulatory clinics to perform medication reconciliations and enhance interdisciplinary practice.

Methods:

The study design was a descriptive, prospective multisite study among a variety of ambulatory care outpatient clinics. Student pharmacists were partnered with physicians to conduct medication reconciliations during clinic visits for 4 hours per week, with data collection from January 2016 to September 2016. This program originated from physician requests for additional pharmacy involvement and led to the development of a successful implementation strategy to involve student pharmacists in the medication reconciliation process.

Results:

Student pharmacists identified 537 medication discrepancies among 491 patients, including commission of medications (36%), documentation of previously omitted medications (27%), and incomplete patient allergy information (11%). Students spent an average of 10 minutes on each encounter.

Conclusion:

Documentation from this innovative program suggests improvement in medication reconciliation and enhanced patient care with limited time required of student pharmacists. A similar program could be developed and utilized at other clinical sites.
Beyond ‘pseudonymity’: The sociotechnical structure of online military forums
Authors: Maltby Sarah , Thornham Helen , Bennett Daniel
Published: June 2017

This article explores the tensions apparent in anonymous military online forums as sites of publicly visible yet discursively intimate performances of military identity and sites of distinct power relations. This article draws on data collected from British military forums and the organisations that own and manage them. We consider the discursive online practices within the forums and the extent to which the technological affordances of ‘anonymity’ (or what we define as pseudonymity) act as a critical interface between the military community who contribute to the content and non-military observers who read, access, mine and appropriate the content. In so doing, we raise critical questions about the nature of ‘anonymity’ and the complex tensions in and negotiations of private and public, visibility and invisibility that occur through it and the framing and monetising of particular online communities for economic and political purpose.
Appropriating the Weather
Authors: Hornby Louise
Published: June 2017

This article focuses on works by the Danish artist Olafur Eliasson, who has recently produced a number of large-scale and immersive installations, such as Ice Watch (2014) and, most famously, The Weather Project (2003). His human-made environments situate the human subject and human experience at their center, inviting the spectator to experience atmospheres and environments anew. Relying on the disorienting and defamiliarizing effects of enlarged scale and colored fog, Eliasson tools his art to increase the spectators’ awareness both of their environment and of their position as phenomenological subjects within it. The works’ emphasis on an ecology of individual encounter and feeling situate the experiencing subject at their center, providing an analogue to the human centering that marks the era of the Anthropocene. While Bruno Latour has claimed that Eliasson’s attempts at climate control are not consistent with a desire to control the elements, I argue instead that Eliasson’s environments are fully orchestrated affairs that share the technologies and efforts of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries’ militarization of climate control. Their phenomenological embrace, which has become a hallmark of much immersive art, relies on a stripe of self-centering that turns art into an occasion for feeling, foreclosing on critique. Eliasson’s spectacles are containers for experience, refusing the possibility of a radical externality that is uncontrolled or the possibility of atmospheres that exist beyond their human witness.
Manifestações públicas no território estadual de Minas Gerais
Authors: Fux Ministro Luiz
Published: June 2017

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Joint-venture societária para criação de nova bandeira de cartão
Authors: Silveira Conselheiro Paulo Burnier da
Published: June 2017

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Strength of materials: theory, tests, examples, solutions
Authors: Сидорин  , Хайруллин  , Hayrullin Farid
Published: June 2017

Briefly expounded the basic theoretical concepts necessary for the students to actualize knowledge and for self-study of strength of materials. Solutions of typical test tasks are considered. Test tasks are given for preparation for tests, examinations, as well as for monitoring residual knowledge.
SPATIAL MOUNTING SYSTEM REKONSTRUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDING
Authors: Хасанов Ришат , Ладнушкин Алексей , Авхавдеев Рустем , Avkhadeev Rustem , Садыков Ринат
Published: June 2017

To date, a considerable amount of walling the main buildings of the power plant, power plant, boiler buildings of the Soviet period of construction is limited to operational or emergency condition. The most damaged structures of the main buildings of enterprises of power include cladding: curtain wall panels and ribbed slab.

In article results of new technology of dismantle or replacement of protecting building designs of the main cases of the enterprises of power system without manufacture stop are resulted. Approbation of technology with acknowledgments of considerable economic benefit is spent and the patent for the invention is taken out.
Technological peculiarities in nano-composite structure formation on complex surfaces under influence of low-temperature plasma
Authors: Зинина Елена , Zinina Elena , Бржозовский Борис , Brzhozovskiy Boris , Мартынов Владимир , Martynov Vladimir
Published: June 2017

The paper reports the consideration of plasma technologies for surface layer strengthening in products, in particular, the strengthening by the impact of low-temperature plasma of the combined discharge allowing the formation of nano-composite structures in a surface layer. By the example of a cutter made of steel R6M5 there are defined basic technological peculiarities of low-temperature plasma strengthening the account of which is possible at the expense of the optimization of parameter values defining the impact of plasma upon a surface. A chart of optimum parameters of a low-temperature plasma strengthening process is obtained. There are presented results of the study of a tool surface layer strengthened with the use of a chart and also tool operation at manufacturing parts made of different materials allowing the establishment of wear resistance increase.
Environmental Activities Control of Economic Entities
Authors: Чхутиашвили  , Chkhutiashvili Lela
Published: June 2017

Th e article considers the topical issues of environmental activities control of economic entities in modern conditions, the development of such forms of control as independent audit and internal control that can and should be used to improve the eff ectiveness of state environmental supervision.
Free Competition Tenders
Authors: Денисенко  , Denisenko Galina , Краус  , Kraus I.
Published: June 2017

Th e article considers the legislative regulation issues, the main problems of competition and questions of small business supporting at the public procurement market. Th e specifi c illustrations of mechanisms for holding trades without competitors are presented. Th e judicial instance on protection of small business interests and revealing of corruption risks are considered.
What Does Continuity Between Preschool and Primary General Education Prevent?
Authors: Горлова  , Gorlova N.
Published: June 2017

The article considers factors that prevent continuity in the implementation of pre-school and primary general education programs. The situations that give rise to pedagogical neglect of children at the preschool education level are discussed, and ways of overcoming it are suggested, in particular the use of such pedagogical technologies as conditional and controlled dialogue, listening, with the purpose of developing communicative and

speech skills of children.
Analyses of the Features of General Schooling of Russian Younger Schoolchildren in Accordance to the Results of International Research TIMSS-2015 (Mathematics)
Authors: Рыдзе  , Rydze Oxana
Published: June 2017

The article considers the meta-subject results of the international monitoring study of mathematical literacy of younger schoolchildren TIMSS, conducted in 2015. Three main groups of tasks for evaluation of the general educational achievements of Russian schoolchildren of the fourth grade, corresponding to the three groups of universal educational activities (educational, regulatory, communication) are characterized. The article presents examples of tasks for each of age group of schoolchildren. The typical challenges faced by Russian younger schoolchildren in the performance of tasks, and errors detected during the initial analysis of the results of research in mathematics TIMSS-2015 are listed.