bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness research in spine surgery
Authors: Lake Wendell B , Brooks Nathaniel P , Resnick Daniel K
Published: December 2012

Degenerative spine disorders are a significant cause of patient morbidity and are a prominent factor in healthcare costs in many countries. Pressure for healthcare cost control and the desire for improved outcomes have led to an expanding emphasis on evidence-based medicine methodologies in spine research. Determination of the optimal treatment paradigm for many common degenerative spinal disorders has proven difficult and comparative effectiveness research is increasingly being employed to examine these clinical dilemmas. The Swedish Spine Registry and the Registry of the Scoliosis Research Society are two of the long-standing databases compiling data for spine patients. Spine surgery professional organizations have recently taken a prominent role in assembling procedural- and diagnosis-based registries, specifically addressing therapeutic outcomes for spine patients. As healthcare systems continue to evolve, comparative effectiveness research driven by spine registries may better elucidate the appropriate clinical choices for patients with these challenging illnesses.
Peptide-based Synthetic Design, Construction and Morphology of Soft Structures
Authors: Mondal Sudipta , Barman Apurba K. , Verma Sandeep
Published: December 2012

Peptide-based self-assembly offers a unique entry into the construction of soft structures with interesting material properties and functions. Aromatic amino acid-containing peptides are commonly employed as they exhibit high propensity to aggregate due to increased hydrophobic content,
promotion of favorable secondary structures, planarity and the possibility of ?–? interactions. Incorporation of covalent scaffolds, stimuli-responsive handles and carbohydrate moieties augment beneficial characteristics to the resulting peptide conjugates. These modifications
were shown to enforce self-association, elicit stimuli response and achieve improved hydrophilic properties, to name but a few.
Strategies for the Synthesis of Graphene, Graphene Nanoribbons, Nanoscrolls and Related Materials
Authors: Maitra Urmimala , Matte H. S. S. Ramakrishna , Kumar Prashant , Rao C. N. R.
Published: December 2012

Single-layer graphene (SLG), the 3.4 Å thick two-dimensional sheet of sp2 carbon atoms, was first prepared in 2004 by mechanical exfoliation of graphite crystals using the scotch tape technique. Since then, SLG has been prepared by other physical methods such as laser
irradiation or ultrasonication of graphite in liquid media. Chemical methods of synthesis of SLG are more commonly used; the most popular involves preparation of single-layer graphene oxide followed by reduction with a stable reagent, often assisted by microwave heating. This method yields
single-layer reduced graphene oxide. Other methods for preparing SLG include chemical vapour deposition over surfaces of transition metals such as Ni and Cu. Large-area SLG has also been prepared by epitaxial growth over SiC. Few-layer graphene (FLG) is prepared by several methods; arc discharge
of graphite in hydrogen atmosphere being the most convenient. Several other methods for preparing FLG include exfoliation of graphite oxide by rapid heating, ultrasonication or laser irradiation of graphite in liquid media, reduction of few-layer graphene oxide, alkali metal intercalation
followed by exfoliation. Graphene nanoribbons, which are rectangular strips of graphene, are best prepared by the unzipping of carbon nanotubes by chemical oxidation or laser irradiation. Many graphene analogues of inorganic materials such as MoS2, MoSe2 and BN have been
prepared by mechanical exfoliation, ultrasonication and by chemical methods involving high-temperature or hydrothermal reactions and intercalation of alkali metals followed by exfoliation. Scrolls of graphene are prepared by potassium intercalation in graphite or by microwave irradiation of
graphite immersed in liquid nitrogen.
Sero Positivity of Hepatitis B & C Markers Among Non-Icteric Children Attending A Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Matin Abdul , Islam Md Rafiqul , Roy Ranjjt Ranjan , Mowla Md Golam , Alam ABM Shahidul , Khan Rita , Islam Md Reazul
Published: December 2012

Background: Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem both in developing and developed countries. Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses can cause important morbidity and mortality and are major causes of acute and chronic liver diseases worldwide and often leads to cirrhosis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence of infection varies from country to country and within countries. Aim & objectives: This study was an attempt to evaluate the seroprevalence rate of hepatitis B and C in non-jaundiced children who were admitted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Methods: A total of 100 non-icteric admitted children with different childhood diseases of either sex selected randomly were studied during July 2004 to June 2005 in the Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Bangabandhu Sheesikh Mujib Medical University. Venous blood was tested for HBsAg and anti-HBc (IgM) and anti-HCV viral markers by ELISA technique using kits from Dia Sorin S.n.I, Italy. Results: The HBsAg test was positive among 19.0 %, Anti-HBc (IgM) test positive in 11.0 % and Anti-HCV test positive in 2.0 % non-icteric admitted children. Positivity was higher in male children. HBsAg was positive in 68.4% of male children and 31.5% of female children. Sero positivity was more in the 5-9 years age group. Noseroposivity was related to blood and blood products transfusion in cases of hepatitis B infection. Conclusion: As this study shows high rate of HBsAg and Anti-HBc (IgM) seropositivity among non-icteric sick children, so further studies with appropriate design & sample size are to be conducted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v36i1.13027 Bangladesh J Child Health 2012; Vol 36 (1): 11-15
Percutaneous ethanol injection for ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Islam MN , Saha MM , Ahsan M , Mashud G
Published: December 2012

Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) has been most widely performed as one of the effective ablative techniques for small Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The ideal patient for alcohol injection should have fewer than three HCC tumors, each of which is well defined, less than 3cm in diameter, surrounded by a fibrous shell and not near the surface of the liver. It is contraindicated in patients with gross ascites, uncorrectable coagulopathy, obstructive jaundice and main portal vein thrombosis. This procedure is performed under ultrasound guidance in an outpatient basis with a 21-22 G needle & 95-100 % alcohol. Ethanol causes dehydration and subsequent necrosis of the HCC. Depending upon the tumor size, 2 - 12 ml ethanol per lesion is given, the numbers of session, generally, are once or twice per week for four to six sessions. Adverse effects are pain, fever, a feeling of alcohol intoxication and elevated transaminase. A major problem of PEI is tumor recurrence. Follow-up is done by imaging, tumor marker assay and selective use of fine-needle aspiration and biology. Several studies have shown similar or even better results with PEI than with surgical resection. PEI should be considered as first line treatment option for small HCC for its ease of execution, safety, low cost, repeatability & therapeutic efficacy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v43i1-2.13017 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2010; 43: 12-17
Childhood rectal carcinoma
Authors: Saha AK , Haque SS , Biswas I , Das SK
Published: December 2012

Carcinoma of rectum in an 11 years old male child is presented with a history of bleeding per rectum, constipation and lower abdominal pain. Colorectal carcinoma in childhood is rare and the reported incidence is about 1.3 per million lives. Its clinical, pathologic and histological characteristics are different from those of adults. The prognosis is poorer in children, the reason for which it is explained with a brief discussion. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v43i1-2.13020 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2010; 43: 24-25
Tragedy and Transference in D.M. Thomas's The White Hotel
Authors: Sheils Barry , Walsh Julie
Published: December 2012

In the novel The White Hotel, D.M. Thomas's superimposition of a Freudian-style case history onto a traumatic event of World War II explores both the necessity and the gratuitousness of representing trauma. The novel's primary device of relating the sexual fantasies of its protagonist Lisa Erdman/‘Frau Anna G.’, depicted as being a psychoanalytic patient of Freud's, to the massacre of over 30,000 Jews at Babi Yar in 1941, is an enduringly controversial one. The notoriety of Thomas's novel though, stems not only from its difficult treatment of the sexual desire of a victim of the Shoah, but also from the critical disbelief regarding the author's production of an original text. In this article we suggest that these sites of controversy are intimately linked. Allegations that Thomas was guilty of literary theft – of plagiarizing a more ‘authentic’ account of the historical events at Babi Yar – resonate with criticisms of the novel's gratuitous representations of sex. Ultimately, however, it is through this gratuitousness, evident in the novel's formal commitment to repetition, that Thomas's work invites reflection on the difficulty of an ethics of representation by implicating the aesthetic concerns of literature with those of psychoanalysis and historical fact. Specifically, we shall suggest that Thomas's positioning of the term anagnorisis – a critical term referring to the moment of recognition or clarification in tragic drama – is central to this project.
Characterization of a Polyamine Microsphere and Its Adsorption for Protein
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu Pei , Nie Tingting , Wei Huixian , Cui Zhenggang
Published: December 2012

A novel polyamine microsphere, prepared from the water-in-oil emulsion of polyethylenimine, was characterized. The investigation of scanning electron microscopy showed that the polyamine microsphere is a regular ball with a smooth surface. The diameter distribution of the microsphere is 0.37–4.29 μm. The isoelectric point of the microsphere is 10.6. The microsphere can adsorb proteins through the co-effect of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Among the proteins tested, the highest value of adsorption of microsphere, 127.8 mg·g−1 microsphere, was obtained with lipase. In comparison with other proteins, the hydrophobic force is more important in promoting the adsorption of lipase. The microsphere can preferentially adsorb lipase from an even mixture of proteins. The optimum temperature and pH for the selective adsorption of lipase by the microsphere was 35 °C and pH 7.0.
Modulation of P1 and EGF Expression by Baicalin
Authors: Meng Yanli , Huo Jinhai , Lu Weihong , Wang Xin , Zhang Junwei , Wang Weiming
Published: December 2012

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is increasingly recognized as a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections. Today, macrolides are used in the primary treatment of M. pneumoniae infection. However, with the increasing prevalence of strains resistant to macrolides, as well as reports of toxicity and adverse side effects, it is necessary to develop an alternative therapeutic agent. A compound recipe — Qinbaiqingfei pellets (Qinbai) — have already been approved in China as the first effective traditional Chinese medicine to be used against M. pneumoniae. Herein, we characterize the mechanism by which Qinbai interacts with M. pneumoniae and lung epithelial cells. The fact that Baicalin is the key component of Qingbai leads us to believe its study is important to elucidating the mechanism of the action of Qinbai. In this study, we describe the complex impact of Baicalin on the adhesin protein P1 of M. pneumoniae and on the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in BALB/c mice and A549 cells infected with M. pneumonia. We draw the conclusion that Baicalin not only cured M. pneumoniae infection by inhibiting P1 expression, but also enhanced the repair of lung epithelial cells by upregulating EGF. Finally, we demonstrate that Baicalin plays a role in Qinbai treatment.
An N-Linked Bidentate Phosphoramidite Ligand (N-Me-BIPAM) for Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Kurihara Kazunori , Takahashi Yoshinori , Miyaura Norio
Published: December 2012

A new bidentate phosphoramidite (N-Me-BIPAM) based on Shibasaki’s N-linked BINOL was synthesized. This ligand appears to be highly effective for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric conjugated addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated enones. The reaction of ortho-substituted arylboronic acid with acyclic and cyclic enones provides the corresponding products in good yields and enantioselectivities.
Tripolyphosphate Cross-Linked Macromolecular Composites for the Growth of Shape- and Size-Controlled Apatites
Authors: Yu Shu-Huei , Wu Shao-Jung , Wu Jui-Yu , Peng Chih-Kang , Mi Fwu-Long
Published: December 2012

Bioactive composites that enable the formation of calcium phosphates have received increased attention over the last decade, in the development of osteoconductive biomaterials for orthopaedic applications. In this work, tripolyphosphate (TPP)-cross-linked chitosan/gelatin composites (TPP-CG) were prepared for the growth of shape- and size-controlled calcium phosphates on/in the composites. The mineralization pattern of the composites, after soaking in the Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution, clearly demonstrated oriented, needle-like nanocrystallites of calcium phosphates in the matrix with especially high Ca/P molar ratio (3.98) as detected by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Subsequent to mineralization in a simulated body fluid (SBF), the mineralized composites showed micro-scaled spherical aggregates deposited on the surface and granule-like nanocrystallites grew in the matrix. The Ca/P molar ratio (1.72) and X-ray diffraction pattern of the nanocrystallites grown in the composites were similar to those of hydroxyapatite (HAp). Osteoblastic differentiation of ROS cells cultured on the mineralized composites allowed an enhanced expression of the chosen osteogenic marker (alkaline phosphatase, ALPase). These results indicated that the composites mineralized with micro- and nano-scaled calcium phosphates with various structural features make them attractive for bone tissue engineering applications.
Efavirenz Dissolution Enhancement I: Co-Micronization
Authors: Da Costa Maíra , Seiceira Rafael , Rodrigues Carlos , Hoffmeister Cristiane , Cabral Lucio , Rocha Helvécio
Published: December 2012

AIDS constitutes one of the most serious infectious diseases, representing a major public health priority. Efavirenz (EFV), one of the most widely used drugs for this pathology, belongs to the Class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System for drugs with very poor water solubility. To improve EFV’s dissolution profile, changes can be made to the physical properties of the drug that do not lead to any accompanying molecular modifications. Therefore, the study objective was to develop and characterize systems with efavirenz able to improve its dissolution, which were co-processed with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The technique used was co-micronization. Three different drug:excipient ratios were tested for each of the two carriers. The drug dispersion dissolution results showed significant improvement for all the co-processed samples in comparison to non-processed material and corresponding physical mixtures. The dissolution profiles obtained for dispersion with co-micronized SLS samples proved superior to those of co-micronized PVP, with the proportion (1:0.25) proving the optimal mixture. The improvements may be explained by the hypothesis that formation of a hydrophilic layer on the surface of the micronized drug increases the wettability of the system formed, corroborated by characterization results indicating no loss of crystallinity and an absence of interaction at the molecular level.
Investigation of a Passive Sensor Array for Diagnosis of Loosening of Endoprosthetic Implants
Authors: Ruther Cathérine , Schulze Christian , Boehme Andrea , Nierath Hannes , Ewald Hartmut , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Bader Rainer , Kluess Daniel
Published: December 2012

Currently, imaging methods are used to diagnose loosening of endoprosthetic implants, but fail to achieve 100% accuracy. In this study, a passive sensor array which is based on the interaction between magnetic oscillators inside the implant and an excitation coil outside the patient was investigated. The excited oscillators produce sound in the audible range, which varies according to the extent of loosening. By performing several experimental tests, the sensor array was optimized to guarantee reproducible and selective excitation of the sound emission. Variation in the distance between the oscillators demonstrated a definite influence on the quality of the generated sound signal. Furthermore, a numerical design analysis using the boundary element method was generated for consideration of the magnetic field and the selectivity of the oscillators during excitation. The numerical simulation of the coil showed the higher selectivity of a coil with a C-shape compared to a cylindrical coil. Based on these investigations, the passive sensor system reveals the potential for detection of implant loosening. Future aims include the further miniaturization of the oscillators and measurements to determine the sensitivity of the proposed sensor system.
Foreign Object Detection by Sub-Terahertz Quasi-Bessel Beam Imaging
Authors: Ok Gyeongsik , Choi Sung-Wook , Park Kyung , Chun Hyang
Published: December 2012

Food quality monitoring, particularly foreign object detection, has recently become a critical issue for the food industry. In contrast to X-ray imaging, terahertz imaging can provide a safe and ionizing-radiation-free nondestructive inspection method for foreign object sensing. In this work, a quasi-Bessel beam (QBB) known to be nondiffracting was generated by a conical dielectric lens to detect foreign objects in food samples. Using numerical evaluation via the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, the beam profiles of a QBB were evaluated and compared with the results obtained via analytical calculation and experimental characterization (knife edge method, point scanning method). The FDTD method enables a more precise estimation of the beam profile. Foreign objects in food samples, namely crickets, were then detected with the QBB, which had a deep focus and a high spatial resolution at 210 GHz. Transmitted images using a Gaussian beam obtained with a conventional lens were compared in the sub-terahertz frequency experimentally with those using a QBB generated using an axicon.
Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Cells Support Skin Reepithelialization through Secretion of KGF-1 and PDGF-BB: Comparison with Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Alexaki Vassilia-Ismini , Simantiraki Despoina , Panayiotopoulou Marianna , Rasouli Olga , Venihaki Maria , Castana Ourania , Alexakis Dimitrios , Kampa Marilena , Stathopoulos Efstathios N. , Castanas Elias
Published: December 2012

Epidermal organization and homeostasis are regulated by mesenchymal influences through paracrine actions. Until today, dermal fibroblasts (DFs) are used in the “dermal” layer to support keratinocyte growth in vitro in dermal and skin substitutes. In the present work, we used human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal cells (ADMCs) as a support of keratinocyte growth in vitro (in monolayer culture and in 3D skin cell culture models) and in vivo (mouse wound healing models) and compared our findings with those obtained using dermal fibroblasts. ADMCs induce reepithelialization during wound healing more efficiently than DFs, by enhancing keratinocyte proliferation through cell cycle progression, and migration. This effect is mediated (at least partially) by a paracrine action of KGF-1 and PDGF-BB, which are more prominently expressed in ADMCs than in DFs. Furthermore, replacement of DFs by ADMCs in the dermal compartment of organotypic skin cultures leads to an artificial epidermis resembling to that of normal skin, concerning the general histology, although with a higher expression of cytokeratins 5 and 19. In Rag1 knockout mice, ADMCs induced a more rapid reepithelialization and a more effective wound healing, compared to dermal fibroblasts. In conclusion, we provide evidence that ADMCs can serve as supportive cells for primary keratinocyte cultures. In addition, because of their abundance and the great cell yield achieved during ADMC isolation, they represent an interesting cell source, with potential aspects for clinical use.
TOWARDS CREATING THE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR URBAN ROAD TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Authors: Griškevičiūtė-Gečienė Aušrinė , Burinskienė Marija
Published: December 2012

The assessment of development on transport infrastructure is a very complicated process using different methods and complexity substantiating their necessity to the State and the society. Accomplished analysis of the assessment of development projects on transport infrastructure used in foreign countries and Lithuania shows that standardized and united methodology does not exist; however many methods and their modifications are used in transport sector. Moreover, there is a problem concerning the assessment of development projects of urban and rural road transport infrastructure in Lithuania. It is obvious that differences between urban and rural road transport infrastructure do exist, but Lithuanian practice shows that common methods are used during the process of preparation and evaluation of development projects, including common assessment aspects, criteria and result indicators.
Characteristics of atmospheric Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) observed in urban Nanjing, China
Authors: Zhu J. , Wang T. , Talbot R. , Mao H. , Hall C. B. , Yang X. , Fu C. , Zhuang B. , Li S. , Han Y. , Huang X.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Long-term continuous measurements of total gaseous mercury (TGM = gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) + reactive gaseous mercury (RGM)) were conducted simultaneously along with meteorological variables and a suite of trace gases at an urban site in Nanjing, China from 18 January to 31 December 2011. Measurements were conducted using a high resolution mercury vapor analyzer (Tekran 2537B) with 5-min time resolution. The average concentration of TGM was 7.9 ± 7.0 ng m−3 with a range of 0.8–180 ng m−3 over the study period. TGM concentrations followed a typical lognormal pattern dominated by a range of 3–7 ng m−3, which was significantly higher than the continental background values (~1.5 ng m−3) in Northern Hemisphere. The mean seasonal TGM concentrations decreased in the following order: summer, spring, fall, and winter. This seasonal pattern was quite different from measurements at most other sites around the world. We attributed high monthly average concentrations to the re-volatilization of deposited mercury during the warm season due to high temperatures and greater solar radiation. Previous modeling studies suggested that Nanjing and the surrounding region have the largest Chinese natural emissions during the summer. Positive correlations between temperature, solar radiation, and TGM concentration combined with no correlation between CO and TGM in summer provide a strong indication that natural sources are important in Nanjing while most sharp peaks were caused by anthropogenic sources. TGM concentrations in Nanjing exhibited a noticeable diurnal pattern with a sharp increase after sunrise and peak of greater than 8 ng m−3 during 7–10 a.m. local time. Further, seasonally averaged diurnal cycles of TGM exhibited considerably different patterns with the largest variation in spring and insignificant fluctuations in winter. Using HYSPLIT backwards trajectories from six clusters, it was indicated that the highest TGM concentrations, 11.9 ng m−3, was derived from local air masses. The cleanest air masses, with an average TGM concentration of 4.7 and 5.9 ng m−3, were advected from the north via fast transport facilitated by sweeping synoptic flows.
Thinking Black
Authors: Chidester David
Published: December 2012

Often invoked as providing the genealogy of the study of religion, British imperial comparative religion entailed a triple mediation in which imperial theorists derived indigenous data through colonial middlemen. Focusing on the circulation of Africana religions in this enterprise, I examine the work of three South African scholars—the Zulu philologist uNemo (1865–1953), the Tswana historian S. M. Molema (1891–1965), and the Zulu dramatist and student of anthropology H. I. E. Dhlomo (1903–1956)—who intervened in imperial comparative religion by reversing the flow in knowledge production. While uNemo unsettled F. Max Müller's confidence in quoting colonial experts in South Africa, Molema and Dhlomo turned imperial theorists into informants for advancing their own intellectual projects in the historical and anthropological analysis of African religion in South Africa. For the study of Africana religions, this discussion highlights the dynamics of circulation in producing knowledge about religion and religions.
“Why Can't I Be Both?”
Authors: Pinn Anthony B.
Published: December 2012

This essay explores the nature and significance of blackness in relationship to an aesthetics of meaning, a method that offers insights into how religion, or the quest for complex subjectivity, is articulated through the visual arts. The essay sketches particular examples of blackness in relationship to aesthetics in a way that involves loose movement through particular periods and locations, ultimately coming to rest on the work of one particular artist, Jean-Michel Basquiat. I explore Basquiat's work in connection to the politics and production of the aesthetic language of identity formation, examining how artistic production articulates or chronicles particular attention to this quest for complex subjectivity. And I offer a sense of this theory of religion's applicability within multiple contexts.
Genetic Characterization of Methicillin Resistant and Sensitive, Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Different Iranian Hospitals
Authors: Havaei Seyed Asghar , Azimian Amir , Fazeli Hosein , Naderi Mahmood , Ghazvini Kiarash , Samiee Siamak Mirab , Masoumi Zahra , Akbari Mojtaba
Published: December 2012

Background. Global concerns have been raised due to upward trend of Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) reports which mean casting doubt on the absolute effectiveness of the last line of antibiotic treatment for S. aureus, vancomycin. Hence, epidemiological evaluation can improve global health care policies. Methodology. 171 Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from different types of clinical samples in selected hospitals in Isfahan, Mashhad, and Tehran, Iran. Then, they were evaluated by agar screening, disk diffusion, and MIC method to determine their resistance to vancomycin and methicillin. The isolated VISA strains were then confirmed with genetic analysis by the evaluation of mecA and vanA genes, SCCmec, agr, and spa type, and also toxin profiles. MLST was also performed. Results and Conclusion. Our data indicated that 67% of isolated S. aureus strains were resistant to methicillin. Furthermore, five isolates (2.9%) had intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA). In contrast to usual association of VISA with MRSA strains, we found two isolates of MSSA-VISA. Therefore, our data suggests a probable parallel growing trend of VISA towards MSSA, along with MRSA strains. However, more samples are required to confirm these primarily data. Moreover, genetic analysis of the isolated VISA strains revealed that these strains are endemic Asian clones.
Cancer-Specific Stress and Mood Disturbance: Implications for Symptom Perception, Quality of Life, and Immune Response in Women Shortly after Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Kang Duck-Hee , Park Na-Jin , McArdle Traci
Published: December 2012

Purpose. To determine the levels of cancer-specific stress and mood disturbance in women shortly after diagnosis of breast cancer and to assess their associations with symptom perception, quality of life, and immune response.Design. Descriptive and correlational.Sample and Setting. One hundred women with newly diagnosed breast cancer were recruited from interdisciplinary breast clinics.Methods. Baseline data were collected using standardized questionnaires and established bioassay prior to the initiation of cancer adjuvant therapy. Blood samples were collected about the same time of day.Results. High cancer-specific stress was significantly correlated with high mood disturbance, which, in turn, was correlated with high symptom perception, poor quality of life, and an immune profile indicating high neutrophils and low lymphocytes.Conclusions. High cancer-specific stress and related mood disturbance show extensive negative relationships with multiple behavioral, clinical, and biological factors.Implications for Nursing. Routine screening for cancer-related stress and mood disturbance should be incorporated into nursing practice for all patients diagnosed with cancer. Given broad negative associations with other biobehavioral factors, early identification of patients at risk and provision and evaluation of stress and mood management programs may have a beneficial effect on subsequent health outcomes over time.
Metamaterials for Wireless Communications, Radiofrequency Identification, and Sensors
Authors: Martín Ferran
Published: December 2012

This paper is focused on the application of concepts derived from metamaterials to the development of novel devices, circuits, and antennas of interest in wireless communications, radiofrequency identification (RFID), and sensors. Specifically, it is shown that artificial transmission lines based (or inspired) on metamaterials exhibit interesting properties, useful for the implementation of high-performance and compact devices as well as novel functional devices. Thanks to the presence of reactive loading elements in such artificial lines, the main line parameters, that is, the characteristic impedance and the phase constant, can be engineered. This has opened new paths for RF and microwave circuit and antenna design on the basis of impedance and dispersion engineering.
Comparative Effects of Single Shot Intrathecal Bupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine and Bupivacaine with Fentanyl on Labor Outcome
Authors: Fyneface-Ogan S. , Gogo Job O. , Enyindah C. E.
Published: December 2012

Background. Effective intrapartum analgesia attenuates pain, stress, and anxiety which cause release of stress hormones as well as beta-endorphins.Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine for neuraxial analgesia for labor.Methods. Ninety laboring multiparous women were allocated to have single shot intrathecal bupivacaine alone (B), bupivacaine with fentanyl (BF), or bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine (BD). Sensory and motor block characteristics; time from injection to two dermatome sensory regression, sensory regression to S1 dermatome, and motor block regression to Bromage 1 were recorded. Labor pain was assessed with a 10 cm verbal pain scale.Results. Peak sensory block levels in the three groups were essentially the same (). The time for sensory and motor blocks to reach T10 dermatome and Bromage 1, respectively, was faster in group BD than in the other groups (). The time for sensory regression to S1 was significantly prolonged in the group BD (). Motor block regression time to Bromage 1 was also prolonged in the group BD (). Neonatal outcome was normal in all groups.Conclusion. Single shot intrathecal bupivacaine/dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged sensory block in laboring women.
Collagen Extraction from Malaysian Cultured Catfish (Hybrid Clarias Sp.): Kinetics and Optimization of Extraction Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kiew Peck Loo , Mat Don Mashitah
Published: December 2012

A central composite design (CCD) was used for the experimental design and results analysis to obtain the optimal processing parameters (acetic acid concentration, liquid to solid ratio, and stirring speed) for the extraction of pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) from muscles of cultured hybrid catfish of Clarias sp. (Clarias gariepinus × C. macrocephalus). Statistical analysis showed that the linear and quadratic terms of these three independent variables had significant effects on the yield of PSC. There was also an interaction between the ratio of liquid to solid and the stirring speed in affecting the extraction efficiency. Optimal conditions for a higher yield of PSC were an acetic acid concentration of 0.67 M, a liquid to solid ratio of 24.65 ml/g, and the stirring speed of 423.64 rpm. The verification of the optimization showed that the percentage error differences between the experimental and predicted values were in the range of 0.22–4.42%. The experimental values agreed with the predicted values, indicating an excellent fit of the model used and the success of the response surface methodology in modeling the extraction of PSC from the muscles of catfish. The experimental results were also fitted to the power law model and it was proven to be appropriate in describing the kinetics of collagen extraction process.
Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury: Experience of the Nephrology Unit at the University Hospital of Fez, Morocco
Authors: Arrayhani Mohamed , El Youbi Randa , Sqalli Tarik
Published: December 2012

Introduction. Acute kidney injury (PRAKI) continues to be common in developing countries. The aim of this paper is to study AKI characteristics in pregnancy and identify the factors related to the unfavorable evolution.Methods. This prospective study was conducted in the University Hospital Hassan II of Fez, Morocco, from February 01, 2011 to January 31, 2012. All patients presenting PRAKI were included.Results. 37 cases of PRAKI were listed. Their ages varied from 20 to 41 years old, with an average of 29.03 ± 6.3 years and an average parity of 1.83. High blood pressure was the most common symptom (55.6%). Thirty-nine percent were oliguric. PRAKI occurred during the 3rd trimester in 66.6% of the cases and 25% of the cases in the postpartum. Hemodialysis was necessary in 16.2% of cases. The main causes were preeclampsia, hemorrhagic shocks, and functional, respectively, in 66.6%, 25%, and 8.3% of the cases. The outcome was favorable, with a complete renal function recovery for 28 patients. Poor prognosis was related to two factors: age over 38 years and advanced stage of AKI according to RIFLE classification.Conclusion. Prevention of PRAKI requires an improvement of the sanitary infrastructures with the implementation of an obligatory prenatal consultation.
Shared Cell Surface Marker Expression in Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Adult Sarcomas
Authors: Wirths Stefan , Malenke Elke , Kluba Torsten , Rieger Simone , Müller Martin R. , Schleicher Sabine , Hann von Weyhern Claus , Nagl Florian , Fend Falko , Vogel Wichard , Mayer Frank , Kanz Lothar , Bühring Hans-Jörg , Kopp Hans-Georg
Published: December 2012

Advanced adult soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare tumors with a dismal prognosis and limited systemic treatment options. STSs may originate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); the latter have mainly been isolated from adult bone marrow as plastic-adherent cells with differentiation capacity into mesenchymal tissues. Recently, a panel of antibodies has been established that allows for the prospective isolation of primary MSCs with high selectivity. Similar to cancer stem cells in other malignancies, sarcoma stem cells may bear immunophenotypic similarity with the corresponding precursor, that is, MSCs. We therefore set out to establish the expression pattern of MSC markers in sarcoma cell lines and primary tumor samples by flow cytometry. In addition, fibroblasts from different sources were examined. The results document a significant amount of MSC markers shared by sarcoma cells. The expression pattern includes uniformly expressed markers, as well as MSC markers that only stained subpopulations of sarcoma cells. Expression of W5C5, W8B2 (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase [TNAP]), CD344 (frizzled-4), and CD271 marked subpopulations displaying increased proliferation potential. Moreover, CD271+ cells displayed in vitro doxorubicin resistance and an increased capacity to form spheres under serum-free conditions. Interestingly, another set of antigens, including the bona fide progenitor cell markers CD117 and CD133, were not expressed. Comparative expression patterns of novel MSC markers in sarcoma cells, as well as fibroblasts and MSCs, are presented. Our data suggest a hierarchical cytoarchitecture of the most common adult type sarcomas and introduce W5C5, TNAP, CD344, and CD271 as potential sarcoma progenitor cell markers.
Restructuration de la fonction publique québécoise : configurations et conséquences disparates
Authors: Jalette Patrice , Grenier Jean-Noël , Hains-Pouliot Jérémie
Published: December 2012

L’existence d’un modèle homogène de réforme de l’administration publique basé sur la « nouvelle gestion publique » est de plus en plus remise en question dans la littérature. Les recherches disponibles montrent également que les restructurations dans le secteur public engendrent généralement une détérioration des conditions de travail. Notre étude contribue de manière originale à la littérature en démontrant la variété des pratiques de restructuration au sein de l’administration publique de même que la variété de leurs conséquences pour les employés dans le cadre d’un même projet de réforme. Ces constats se basent sur notre étude de la restructuration de la fonction publique québécoise enclenchée par la mise en oeuvre duPlan de modernisationprésenté en 2004 par le gouvernement libéral. Nous avons ainsi ouvert la « boîte noire » du secteur public en examinant les configurations variées de cette restructuration et la diversité de ses conséquences pour les employés dans les unités administratives par le biais d’une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès de délégués syndicaux.

Nos résultats montrent tout d’abord que les unités ont fait un usage différent des pratiques de remplacement des départs et d’externalisation alors que nous avons recensé six configurations différentes qui vont d’un quasistatu quo(25 % des unités) à une restructuration en profondeur (23,8 % des unités). La nature des fonctions assumées par les unités, de même que les pressions, les traditions politiques et l’héritage institutionnel sont les explications avancées à cette diversité des configurations. Notre recherche montre aussi que ces diverses configurations conduisent à des résultats différenciés pour les employés du secteur public. Globalement, les conséquences associées à la modernisation sont une intensification du travail, une détérioration du climat social dans les unités, des attentes de performance mitigées ainsi qu’un support au changement – sous la forme de l’accès à la formation – peu perceptible.
End-users, Public Services, and Industrial Relations: The Restructuring of Social Services in Ontario
Authors: Hickey Robert
Published: December 2012

The global financial crisis beginning in 2008 resulted in a ballooning public debt and government efforts to constrain public expenditures. Responses to the financial crisis and its impact on human services in Ontario demonstrate the complex interactions across key actors – employers, government, unions, and family advocates. Building on previous scholarship which has explored the role of end-users as industrial relations actors (Bellemare, 2000; Kessler and Bach, 2011) this study deepens our understanding of the role and impact of end-users on the process and outcomes of industrial relations in the social services sector. The main contribution of the paper shows how end-users play unique and complex roles as industrial relations actors in Ontario’s developmental services sector. End-users have had a significant impact at three distinct levels of the industrial relations system (Bellemare, 2000). First, at the strategic level of public policy, in addition to the more traditional forms of grassroots lobbying, end-users have taken on formal roles in the governance network shaping public policy. The impacts of end-user advocacy have contributed to the significant transformation of the developmental services sector, including the closure of the remaining provincially-run institutions in 2009. Second, at the organizational level, end-users have displaced the traditional roles of employers. In some cases, this displacement has resulted in end-users operating as co-managers, with end-user management rights enshrined in collective agreements. In more significant ways, end-users have entirely replaced agency-based managers and become the employer of direct support staff. Third, end-users have driven changes at the level of the work process itself, going beyond the co-production of services, contributing to changes in the nature of direct support work. The work process has shifted from a focus on custodial care to more complex objectives of community development and social inclusion.
Representações negativas do envelhecimento na comunicação pública brasileira: Campanha de Conscientização da Violência contra a Pessoa Idosa no Trânsito
Authors: Stacheski Denise Regina
Published: December 2012

O artigo tem como objetivo verificar representações negativas dos idosos por meio de um recorte midiático, vinculado ao diálogo da comunicação pública (Estado, governo e os cidadãos), no Brasil. São referenciados autores nas áreas do envelhecimento (BEAUVOIR, 1990; DEBERT, 1999; PAPALÉO NETTO, 2007; GROISMAN, 1999; ELIAS, 2001; NERI, 2004; JARDIM, 2007), da comunicação pública (DUARTE, J., 2009; MATOS, 2009; BRANDÃO, 2009; ZEMOR, 1995) e de aspectos sociais (THOMPSON, 1998; BAKHTIN, 1997; GOFFMAN, 2008). De forma metodológica, a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1995), pelo viés qualitativo, será o método norteador do estudo. No decorrer do artigo são apresentadas dez notícias publicadas por mídias impressas brasileiras, captadas do clipping da Campanha de Conscientização da Violência contra Pessoa Idosa no Trânsito do Governo Federal do Brasil, no ano de 2010.
Use of Electrophysiological Methods in the Study of Recombinant and Native Neuronal Ligand‐Gated Ion Channels
Authors: Thomas Philip , Smart Trevor G.
Published: December 2012

Detailed in this unit are protocols for studying the effects of externally and internally applied agents on the behavior of ligand‐gated ion channels (LGICs), specifically the GABAA receptor. These assays include a number of electrophysiological techniques applied to whole‐cell and excised patch recordings of recombinant and native GABAA receptor subtypes used in the generation and analysis of a pharmacological data. Although applied to GABAA receptors, these techniques are equally applicable to other LGICs. The analysis is extended to incorporate consideration of post‐synaptic inhibitory events. In addition, complementary descriptions of how tissues for such studies are prepared for studying recombinant and native receptors are included. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 59:11.4.1‐11.4.37. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TeachingORMS/Analytics with Cases
Authors: Begen Mehmet A. , Krishnamoorthy Srinivas , Wilson John
Published: December 2012

We present our experience with teaching using cases. Case teaching offers many advantages to improve the learning experience; there are challenges in implementing it, but the results are rewarding for both instructor and students. Case teaching can be implemented gradually in a traditional lecture‐basedOperations Research/Management Science (OR/MS)/Analyticscourse; in fact, instructors can use cases in tandem with lectures. We start off with a brief discussion of the case method and how cases can fit into anORMS/Analyticscourse. Then, we discuss implementation of the case method in class and follow with generic examples of basic and complex integrative cases. Teaching styles and student evaluations and expectations are then covered. We finish up with sections on the advantages and challenges of the case method and some notes on becoming a good case teacher.
Forecasting of solar irradiance with just‐in‐time modeling
Authors: Suzuki Takanobu , Goto Yusuke , Terazono Takahiro , Wakao Shinji , Oozeki Takashi
Published: December 2012

PV power output mainly depends on solar irradiance, which is affected by various meteorological factors. Thus, it is required to predict solar irradiance in the future for the efficient operation of PV systems. In this paper we develop a novel approach for solar irradiance forecasting, in which we combine the black–box model (JIT modeling) with the physical model (GPV data). We investigate the predictive accuracy of solar irradiance over a wide controlled area of each electric power company by utilizing measured data from 44 observation points throughout Japan provided by JMA and 64 points around Kanto provided by NEDO. Finally, we propose an applied forecasting method of solar irradiance to deal with difficulties in compiling databases. We also consider the influence of different GPV default times on solar irradiance prediction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(4): 19–28, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22338
Perfluoroalkyl substances in eggs and plasma of an avian top predator, great skua (Stercorarius skua), in the north Atlantic
Authors: Leat Eliza H. K. , Bourgeon Sophie , Eze Jude I. , Muir Derek C.G. , Williamson Mary , Bustnes Jan O. , Furness Robert W. , Borgå Katrine
Published: December 2012

Temporal, biological, and environmental factors affecting accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are poorly understood in comparison with legacy lipid-soluble persistent organic pollutants. Temporal and biological comparisons of PFAS concentrations were made in great skuas (Stercorarius skua), a marine apex predator. Concentrations of 16 PFASs were quantified, including C4–C10 perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), and C5–C14 perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs). Concentrations of PFASs (ng/g wet wt) were significantly higher in eggs collected in Shetland in 2008 compared with 1980 for most compounds. However, the magnitude of the differences was small, with a mean increase of 3 ng/g. Levels of PFASs in great skuas were low compared with those of other seabirds in similar ecological niches; and in contrast to other contaminants measured in the same eggs, concentrations of PFASs did not correlate with trophic level. Concentrations of PFASs in adult plasma were significantly higher in males than in females for most PFASs. This suggests that maternal transfer through egg laying may be a significant mode of elimination of PFASs in female great skuas. The low concentrations of PFASs in eggs and plasma compared with other halogenated organic contaminants and other species suggest that great skuas do not bioaccumulate PFASs to the same extent as some other seabirds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:569–576. © 2012 SETAC