bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a single trace minerals injection on antioxidant and immune response, resistance to endoparasites, health and growth of newborn Boer kids
Authors: Vedovatto Marcelo , Cortada Neto Ibrahim M. , Borges Dyego G. L. , Coelho Rafaela N. , Ranches Juliana , Franco Gumercindo L.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of injectable trace minerals (ITM) on antioxidant and immune response, resistance to endoparasites, health and growth of newborn Boer kids. Forty-six Boer kids [24 males and 22 females; 3.94±1.03kg of body weight (BW); 6.2±2.4 d of age] were enrolled in the study. Kids were stratified by type of birth (twins or singlet), sex, and BW and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: one subcutaneous injection (0.1mL/4.5kg of BW) of (1) saline solution or (2) ITM (60, 10, 5, and 15mg/mL of Zn, Mn, Se and Cu, respectively). Blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 28 and 56. Feces samples were collected on d 56 and BW on d 0, 28 and 56. Kids were checked daily for signs of diarrhea. ITM kids had greater (P<0.01) plasma concentration of superoxide dismutase and tended (P=0.06) to have greater plasma concentration of glutathione peroxidase. ITM kids had greater (P=0.05) concentration of eosinophils, but no differences (P≥0.11) were observed for other hemogram variables. The ITM application did not affect (P≥0.11) the EPG count. However, ITM kids had less (P=0.02) cumulative incidence of diarhea until d 42 (3.85 vs. 25.93±6.8% for ITM vs. Saline kids, respectively) but no differences (P>0.10) were observed after d 42. The ITM application did not affect (P≥0.40) the growth of kids (0.071 vs. 0.065±0.005kg/day for ITM vs. Saline kids, respectively). Thus, the ITM application, increased the plasma concentration of antioxidant enzymes and eosinophils, decreased the incidence of diarrhea only in the middle of the experiment, but did not affected the EPG count and growth of Boer kids.
Behavior of stock prices due to the lock-up period expiration in IPOs and follow-ons
Authors: Talans Loveley , Minardi Andrea Maria Accioly Fonseca
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the effects of the lock-up expiration on the behavior of prices and volumes in IPOs and follow-ons in the Brazilian market and to identify factors that may explain the existence and magnitude of abnormal returns. Few studies were found to investigate this phenomenon in Brazil, which were limited to the analysis of IPOs without examining the effect on follow-ons and the construction of abnormal accumulated returns compared to the Ibovespa, instead of benchmarks appropriate to each stock's risk. Lock-up clauses exist to mitigate the problem of information asymmetry in public offers but expose investors to the risk of a price drop after its expiration. Understanding the magnitude of this impact is essential for investors in the stock market. Through this article's analysis, investors will be able to estimate the magnitude of the price variation around the lock-up expiration, what factors explain the returns, and whether there are indications of short selling limitations. The event study method was applied, comparing returns to the Ibovespa and an individual reference portfolio composed of similar companies. Database: 313 offers that occurred on the Brazilian stock market between 2004 and 2019. Evidence of volume increase was found around the expiry of lock-up in IPOs, but the price drop was verified only in companies with private equity funds as shareholders. In follow-ons, in which the asymmetry of information about the issuer is less pronounced, the opposite situation was verified. There are several extensions and lock-up formats worldwide, which provide different impacts on volume and price. This article contributes to the literature when analyzing this event in Brazil and extending the analysis to follow-ons. A possible interpretation for the phenomenon is the restrictions on short-selling in the Brazilian market.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE INSTRUMENT FOR CARE TRANSITION IN PEDIATRIC UNITS
Authors: Silva Michelini Fátima da , Rocha Patrícia Kuerten , Echevarria-Guanilo Maria Elena , Bertoncello Kátia Cilene Godinho , Souza Sabrina de , Schneider Karine Larissa Knaesel
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to build and semantically validate a safe communication tool to systematize care transition in pediatric clinical and emergency units. Method: a methodological study, based on the Classic Theory of Psychometric Tests and on the Instrument Development Model, proposed by Pasquali, which included seven professionals, five nurses and two physicians, experts in pediatrics and/or patient safety, who followed specific criteria for inclusion. Data collection was carried out between November and December 2016 and took place with the application of a form made available to the experts via the Google Drive/Microsoft® tool in two validation rounds, conducted by the Delphi Technique, being organized into two domains with 19 items. Data analysis was performed by calculating the Content Validity Index. Results: in order to validate the content, it was necessary to reach a Content Validity Index ≥ 0.80; thus, in the first round, five items underwent changes and were adjusted according to the experts' recommendations. These were validated in the second round, maintaining two domains and nineteen items. Conclusion: the construction and content validation of the instrument can enhance and qualify the clinical practice and contribute to minimize failures in pediatric patient safety associated with effective communication.
Cuidados paliativos: inserção do ensino nas escolas médicas do Brasil
Authors: Castro Andrea Augusta , Taquette Stella Regina , Marques Natan Iório
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Introduction: The palliative care (PC) approach is a care modality recommended by the World Health Organization. Suffering and the process of dying are present in everyday clinical practice, affecting people with life-threatening diseases. However, the predominant model of teaching in Brazilian medical schools does not include palliative care. Objectives: The aim of the study was to get to know the Brazilian medical schools that include PC in their curriculum, and how it has been taught. Methods: Descriptive and exploratory study, carried out by searching for medical schools with disciplines in PC, through the analysis of the course syllabi available in the curricular matrices on the official websites of higher education institutions from August to December 2018. They were analyzed considering the offered period of the PC content, workload, scenario, and type of discipline (elective or mandatory). Results: 315 schools registered with the Ministry of Education were found, and only 44 of them (14%) offer courses in PC. These schools are distributed throughout 11 Brazilian states, of which 52% are located in the Southeast region, 25% in the Northeast, 18% in the South, 5% in the Midwest, and none in the North region. The predominant modality of the type of discipline in PC was mandatory in 61% of schools. Most Brazilian medical schools are private entities (57%), a similar percentage to the total number of medical schools identified with the teaching of PC. This course takes place in the 3rd and 4th years of the course; in most schools, the workload was 46,9 hours. The predominant scenario is the classroom, while some institutions provide integration between teaching community service and medical practice. The program contents are diverse, including thanatology, geriatrics and finitude, humanization, bioethics, pain, oncology and chronic diseases. Conclusion: PC education in Brazil is insufficient, which represents a barrier to the training of doctors in line with the recommendations of international entities, the National Curriculum Guidelines and legal frameworks within the scope of SUS. Investments by medical entities and government agencies are necessary to increase teaching in PC and the consequent qualification of medical training.
ADHESION TO TREATMENT BY CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: KNOWLEDGE OF CAREGIVERS IN BAHIA STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Brito Lara Novais Santos , Andrade Caio Leônidas Oliveira de , Alves Crésio de Aragão Dantas
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate knowledge of caregivers of children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH), followed in a public reference service, as well as their associations with treatment adherence. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Medical records of 158 patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism were analyzed, and data were evaluated by applying a previously prepared questionnaire to caregivers from 2014 to 2016. Statistical analysis used the chi-square and the Spearman’s correlation tests, being significant p-value ≤0.05. Results: Females were predominant among caregivers (94.3%), with a mean age of 31 years, from inland cities (77.8%). There was a predominance of socioeconomic class C (59.5%) and incomplete primary education (35.7%). More than half of patients (53.2%) with CH had an adequate hormonal control. Approximately one third of caregivers had poor knowledge (37.3%) or was unaware (24.1%) about the meaning of congenital hypothyroidism. The low knowledge level of the disease was observed to be related to caregivers’ educational level (p=0.004). Conclusions: Lack of education of caregivers was a barrier to be faced when monitoring children with CH. This reality requires greater attention from health professionals to ensure that they use clear language when giving instructions to caregivers, and that caregivers have adequately understood the proposed recommendations.
The Participatory Budgets Implementation on the Example of Selected Municipalities
Authors: Binda Jacek , Niedziela Sylwia
Published: April 2021

In recent years, participatory budgets are one of the most dynamically developing institutions of social participation. The implementation of the participatory budget in local government units is an endeavor to increase the degree of involvement of the inhabitants of a given community to co-decide on spending budget funds. Implementation of a participatory budget requires a well-constructed procedure, which will engage the highest possible number of residents and lead to a more rational and efficient utilisation of budget resources of local government units. We analysed the problems of the implementations of participatory budgets in the Polish communes of Jaworze, Cieszyn, Kęty and Bielsko-Biała (South of Poland) and discussed challenges, which accompanied this process. We hypothesised that the complicated and ambiguous participatory budget procedure is the reason for a low efficiency of spending funds under participatory budgets in the analysed communes. The analysis was based on the literature review of amendments to Polish legislation that define the notion of the participatory budget and lay foundations for its functioning. We compared various constituents of the procedure applied in the examined communes, used in the process of the participatory budget implementation. Research results indicated that the participatory budget model should be changed to optimise expenditure of local funds, increase local community satisfaction and accelerate the development of the commune. The results may be used to assess the effectiveness of the spending of funds under the participatory budget in other municipalities of the region.
THE ROLE OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN AGRICULTURE ON HOUSEHOLD FARM COMMERCIALIZATION OF MAIZE, POTATOES AND BEANS IN NORTHERN PROVINCE OF RWANDA
Authors: Uwineza Olive , Lagat Job , Berem Risper M
Published: April 2021

In Sub-Saharan Africa, agricultural commercialization is a major factor in household food diversification and household income. To move to agricultural transformation, Rwanda has focused on shifting from subsistence-based farming to market-oriented agriculture. Various studies have been conducted on agricultural commercialization, however, women’s role in the commercialization of agriculture has received little attention and none of the studies have associated it with women’s empowerment in agriculture. In Rwanda, women are principal players in agriculture and food security, therefore, it is important to understand the influence of their empowerment in agriculture on its commercialization. To investigate the relationship between women’s empowerment in agriculture and agricultural commercialization, the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) was used to measure women’s empowerment in agriculture. A sample size of 252 households from Musanze and Burera districts in the Northern Province of Rwanda was used. It was obtained using the multistage and random sampling techniques. To analyze data, a fractional regression model was used. The results revealed that farm commercialization in Rwanda was positively and significantly influenced by WEAI score, farm size and the prices of maize, potatoes and beans. On the other hand, the index has a negative relationship with access to extension services. It is recommended that the government should strengthen policies of empowering women in agriculture.
Formalization of Tasks for Robotic Manipulators: Review and Prospects
Authors: Sorokoumov P. S.
Published: April 2021

This overview of the problems formulations for robotic manipulators at different abstraction levels can be used to find the causes of troubles with some types of control systems. For many variants of manipulators, for example, biomorphic ones, it is not yet possible to achieve the required quality and universality. Nevertheless these tasks are solvable, which is proved by the natural movement control systems of biological organisms. One of the reasons of the difficulties is the complexity of the formalization of motion control, which prevents the development of universal approaches. The existing formalizations were separated by functional level to facilitate analysis. The high-level problems (the division of complex motor tasks into stages) are successfully solved by general planners or logical inference procedures. The middle-level problems (the trajectory tracing according to an abstract motor task) are so far solved less efficiently. Some existing tools, as linguistic methods, can greatly facilitate solution, but require significant and very laborious formalization of conditions. Inverse problems of kinematics and dynamics, conjugation of trajectory sections and direct control of the manipulator motors with error handling are further stages of processing; the quality of known solutions is usually acceptable. Based on the data collected, it can be argued that the development of methods for solving medium-level problems, i.e. constructing the trajectory of the robot according to the description of the action, is the most important domain for the successful creation of new types of manipulator control systems.
Inclusive Education in the Context of Digitalization of Training Activity
Authors: Makhmudova S.M. , Zenkevich I.V.
Published: April 2021

Autism, defects in the physical and psychological development of children are not as rare as we would like them to be. However, the problem of raising and educating special children is as acute as the issues of teaching and educating ordinary healthy children. In Russian domestic pedagogy, the issue of inclusive education was explored by such social scientists as L.S. Vygotsky, S.V. Alekhina, A.D. Goneev, E.N. Kutepova, N. Ya. Semago, A.G. Asmolov and others. However, in recent years, in connection with the development of digital educational technologies, the issue of inclusive education of children with disabilities has had a new meaning connected with the demands of the society for the training of teachers who are ready to work in distance inclusive education.
Method of spleen reduction in laparoscopic splenectomy in children with hereditary autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Svarich Vyacheslav G. , Kagantsov Ilya M. , Svarich Violetta A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. This study aimed to improve the results of surgical treatment of children with hereditary autoimmune hemolytic anemia by laparoscopic splenectomy.

Materials and methods. In the period from 1991 to 2020, a total 47 patients with hereditary autoimmune hemolytic anemia were treated in the surgical department of the Republican Childrens Clinical Hospital of Syktyvkar. Splenectomy was performed by the open method in 25 children, and laparoscopic method in 22 patients. Since 2019, the method of spleen reduction during laparoscopic splenectomy has been used in 3 patients when the large size of the mobilized spleen does not correspond to the size of the endoscopic container.

Results. On average, surgical intervention using the above-described method of spleen reduction lasted for 19 2 min lesser than with laparoscopic splenectomy without the above method, due to the possibility of removing a significantly smaller volume of spleen tissue from the endoscopic sac outside the abdominal cavity. However, the most important achievement was the almost complete elimination of the risk of getting free fragments of a pathologically altered spleen with its possible replantation and recurrence of the clinic of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The postoperative period was smooth, and all patients were discharged at their place of residence 7 days after the laparoscopic splenectomy. Intra-abdominal complications and relapses of the disease associated with the above-described method of operation did not occur in any patient within 612 months postoperative.

Conclusion. The proposed method of spleen reduction during laparoscopic splenectomy made it possible to avoid relapses of the disease, reduce the operation time, as a result, improved the results of surgical treatment in children with hereditary autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Institutionalisms in Economics: What are Behinds Their Variety?
Authors:   Moscow State Lomonosov University, Tambovtsev Vitaly L.
Published: April 2021

The institutional approach in economic science arose, as is known, more than a century ago and is now called "the original institutional economics." In the middle of the last century, an alternative version of this approach emerged, called the "new institutional economics". Over the past forty years, in the institutional approach, it has been declared the creation of a significant number of new economic institutionalisms, such as cognitive, critical, monetary, “incomplete”, “new new”, generic, post-institutionalism, post-Keynesian, and legal institutionalisms. This article is devoted to the analysis of the main provisions of the listed above institutionalisms in economics, in order to answer the question whether they are alternatives to the previously created original and new institutional economics, or whether they clarify some details in these basic institutionalisms. The study showed that the most developed part of the institutionalisms that have arisen in recent decades expands the fields and methods of research within either the original institutionalism or the new institutional economics, without suggesting the grounds that would go beyond the foundations of the named "basic" institutionalisms. Based on this, the article concludes that the growth in the number of institutionalisms indicates the development of "basic" institutionalisms, and not that they have exhausted the research opportunities inherent in them.
The Contemporary Crisis and Its Influence on Informal Employment in Russia
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Nureev Rustem M. , Akhmadeev Denis R. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the nature of the current crisis, the characteristics of its features and the impact on informal employment. The decline in incomes of the population during the crisis and the policy of self-isolation contributed at first to a reduction in demand for services of the informal sector. However, as the restrictive measures eased, the situation changed. Informal employment has long been studied in the economic literature, but the impact of cyclical fluctuations on it is interpreted ambiguously. In order to show the features of the impact of the current crisis, the authors analyze informal employment in the period preceding the crisis. To this end, they study not only the dynamics of the number of people employed in the informal sector, but also its sectoral and regional structure. The analysis has clearly demonstrated that the informal sector serves various categories of the Russian population and the structure of demand for its services among the population with high incomes differs markedly from the structure of demand for the population with low incomes. Nonetheless in Russian practice, many types of formal and informal activities are closely intertwined and interrelated with each other. Since the current crisis has primarily affected the service sector, it is in this area that there is an increase in informal activity in late 2020 – early 2021, and this t rend will continue in the near future
Seismic coupling of interface modes in sedimentary basins: A recipe for disaster
Authors: Lomnitz Cinna , Flores Jorge , Novaro Octavio , Seligman Thomas H. , Esquivel Raúl
Published: April 2021

Coupling between an evanescent P wave and a Rayleigh wave can occur when the two modes share the same phase velocity at an interface. The result is a new, distinctive monochromatic mode of large amplitude and finite duration that may reverberate in a bounded layer, generating stationary patterns due to constructive and destructive interference. Such modes may be responsible for earthquake damage in the Valley of Mexico and perhaps in other sedimentary basins vulnerable to seismic disasters on soft ground.
Spatial distribution of high-frequency energy radiation on the fault of the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu, Japan, earthquake (MW6.9) on the basis of the seismogram envelope inversion
Authors: Nakahara Hisashi , Sato Haruo , Ohtake Masakazu , Nishimura Takeshi
Published: April 2021

We studied the generation and propagation of high-frequency (above 1 Hz) S-wave energy from the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu (Kobe), Japan, earthquake (MW 6.9) by analyzing seismogram envelopes of the mainshock and aftershocks. We first investigated the propagation characteristics of high-frequency S-wave energy in the heterogeneous lithosphere around the source region. By applying the multiple lapse time window analysis method to aftershock records, we estimated two parameters that quantitatively characterize the heterogeneity of the medium: the total scattering coefficient and the intrinsic absorption of the medium for S waves. Observed envelopes of aftershocks were well reproduced by the envelope Green functions synthesized based on the radiative transfer theory with the obtained parameters. Next, we applied the envelope inversion method to 13 strong-motion records of the mainshock. We divided the mainshock fault plane of 49 × 21 km into 21 subfaults of 7 × 7 km square and estimated the spatial distribution of the high-frequency energy radiation on that plane. The average constant rupture velocity and the duration of energy radiation for each subfault were determined by grid searching to be 3.0 km/sec and 5.0 sec, respectively. Energy radiated from the whole fault plane was estimated as 4.9 × 1014 J for 1 to 2 Hz, 3.3 × 1014 J for 2 to 4 Hz, 1.5 × 1014 J for 4 to 8 Hz, 8.9 × 1012 J for 8 to 16 Hz, and 9.8 × 1014 J in all four frequency bands. We found that strong energy was mainly radiated from three regions on the mainshock fault plane: around the initial rupture point, near the surface at Awaji Island, and a shallow portion beneath Kobe. We interpret that energetic portions were associated with rupture acceleration, a fault surface break, and rupture termination, respectively.
Optical Coherence Tomography — Angiography in Revealing Predictors of Small Choroidal Melanoma Transpupillary Thermotherapy Efficiency
Authors: Myakoshina E. B. , Saakyan S. V. , Ivanova O. A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To reveal predictors of small choroidal melanoma transpupillary thermotherapy efficiency using optical coherence tomography-angiography.

Patients and methods. 34 patients with small choroidal melanoma at an average age of 55.0 ± 2.9 years were examined. Optical coherence tomography-angiography was performed on an OCT-Angiography Software for RS-3000 Advance Optical Coherent Tomograph, Nidek, Japan, before and 4 months after 1 session of transpupillary thermotherapy. Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) was performed with a Nidec DC 3300 diode laser.

Results. Prior to TTT — a loop-shaped, cranked-convoluted with an uneven lumen heterogeneous nature of the vasculature of the tumor with numerous bends and interlacing, located under the vessels of the retina in the central zone; the area of neovascular vasculature is 32.82 mm2, the density is 12.42 %. The limiting avascular zone is on the periphery. Around melanoma is a homogeneous hyperreflective rim of dilated choriocapillaries. 4 months after 1 session of TTT in 24 (70.6 %) of 34 cases — occlusion of the choriocapillaries in the central and peripheral zone of the tumor (avascular regions), expansion of the large and medium vessels of the choroid around the focus — predictors of complete tumor devitalization (chorioretinal scar). In 6 (17.6 %) of 34 patients, occlusion of the choriocapillaries in the central zone, expansion of large and medium vessels of the choroid around the tumor, along its periphery and in the paracentral region, retinochoroidal anastamoses along the periphery and in the paracentral zone, heterogeneous neovascularization of the choriocapillaries around; decrease in the area of vasculature — 12.44 mm2, density — 6.15 %, (p < 0.05) — predictors of partial devitalization of small choroidal melanoma (residual tumor). In 4 (11.8 %) of 34 cases, tumor vessels in the tumor area, large and medium vessels of the choroid around, along its periphery and in the central zone, occlusion of the choriocapillaries in the central zone, retinochoroidal anastamoses in the periphery and in the central zone, heterogeneous neovascularization choriocapillaries around; vascular network area — 29.13 mm2, density — 10.17 %, (p > 0.05), lack of devitalization (continued growth).

Conclusion. The introduction of optical coherence tomography-angiography revealed the predictors of the effectiveness of transpupillary thermotherapy of the initial melanoma of the choroid, which are various types of tumor vascularization, indicating its about complete, partial or absence devitalization after treatment.
İnönü Muharebeleri Sırasında Hilal-i Ahmer ve Yunan Salib-i Ahmer Cemiyetlerinin Çalışmalarının Analitik Bir Yaklaşımla Ele Alınması
Authors: ÖZTEKE Fahri
Published: April 2021

Son yıllarda Millî Mücadele (1918-1923) üzerine yapılmış çalışmalarda belirgin bir artış olsa da böylesi kritik bir savaşta, sağlık hizmetlerinin hangi koşullarda yürütüldüğüyle ilgili araştırmaların henüz yeterli olduğunu söylemek mümkün değildir. Bu çalışmada milli güçler, Batı Anadolu’daki işgaller ve İnönü Muharebeleri sırasında düşman kuvvetleriyle çarpışırken nasıl bir sağlık organizasyonu meydana getirildiği ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu organizasyonda, Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyetinin konumu somut verilere dayandırılarak irdelenmiştir. Bugün Türk Kızılayı olarak bilinen cemiyetin, uluslararası savaş hukuku ve insani ölçütleri referans kabul ederek hem Türkler hem de Yunanlılara ulaştırdığı hizmetler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sağlıkla birlikte başka alanlarda da önemli işlevler yerine getirdiği orijinal kaynaklar bazında göz önüne serilmiştir. Türk tarafındaki bu gelişmelere karşılık, Yunan Salib-i Ahmer Cemiyetinin nasıl bir pozisyon takındığı kritize edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda cemiyetin bazı zamanlar tıbbi misyonerlik çalışmaları yürüttüğü bazı zamanlar da taraflar arasındaki gerilimi tırmandıracak etkinliklerde bulunduğu belirtilmiştir. Bizans ve Pontus Rum İmparatorluklarını yeniden kurma düşüncesine hizmet edip açtığı hastaneleri silah deposuna çeviren Salib-i Ahmerin, Anadolu’daki görünümünün bir sağlık kuruluşu olmaktan çok daha öteye geçtiği tezi desteklenmiştir. Siyasi ve askeri olaylardaki rollerinin yanı sıra her iki cemiyetin oluşturduğu sosyolojik imgenin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.
Millî Mücadeleye Nakdi ve Ayni Yardımlarından Ötürü Mustafa Kemel Paşa’nın Takdirlerine Muvaffak Olan Bir Erzurumlu: Menzilci Haşim Bey
Authors: SAĞLAM Temel
Published: April 2021

Millî mücadelenin başlangıcından itibaren bu hareket, millî bir halk hareketi oluşu nedeni ile yalnızca askeri ve siyasi olarak değil, aynı zamanda halk tarafından iktisadi olarak da yoğun biçimde desteklenmiştir. Memleketin her bir köşesinde isimleri bilinen veya bilinmeyen nice hayırseverin katkıları, bu hareketi finanse etmiştir. Nakdi ve ayni yardımları ile Millî Mücadele’yi, en başından itibaren, destekleyen hakiki hayırsever insanlardan birisi de Erzurumlu Menzilci Eşrefzade Haşim Bey’dir. I. Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından Erzurum’un Rus işgaline düşüşünü fırsat bilen Ermeni çetelerini durdurmak amacı ile kurulan gönüllü milis kuvvetlerine verdiği maddi ve ikâme destekleri ile başladığı bu yardımlarını, arttırarak hayatı boyunca sürdürmüştür. Erzurum’un 12 Mart 1918’deki düşman işgalinden kurtuluşundan önce Kazım Karabekir Paşa ile arasındaki münasebetleri neticesinde Millî Mücadele’ye maddi destek veren Haşim Bey, Türk kurtuluş savaşının önemli mihenk taşlarından biri olan Erzurum Kongresi’ni de Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın Erzurum’a gelişinden itibaren finanse eden grup içerisinde yer almıştır. Bu kongrenin güvenli bir şekilde yapılabilmesi için ikame, iaşe ve korunma başta olmak üzere, kendisine düşen bütün tedbirlere gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Haşim Bey’in esasen en önemli bağışı, düzenli orduya yaptığı yardımlardır. Haşim Bey’in maddi yardımları, yalnızca askeri alanda olmamış, seferberlik dönüşü hemen her şeyini kaybeden halkın yaralarını sarmak başta olmak üzere, hayatın normale dönmesi için gereken bütün alanlara, imkânlar nispetince ulaşmıştır. Haşim Bey’in yapmış olduğu bu katkılar karşılıksız kalmamış, yeni kurulan I. Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (TBMM) ve Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın takdirlerine mazhar olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Erzurumlu bir hayırsever olan Menzilci Haşim Bey’in biyografisinden çok Millî Mücadele’ye katkıları irdelenmiştir. Yeni nesillere milli şuur kavramının daha anlamlı bir şekilde aktarılabilmesi için Haşim Bey gibi vatanseverleri bilinir kılmak son derece önemlidir.
Retrospective Study on the Pathway and the Outcome of Children Victims of Acquired Brain Injury Accompanied By a Mobile Unit of School Reintegration
Authors: Hamonet-Torny Julia , allégret justine , girard murielle , carriere piquard hélène , borde stanley
Published: April 2021

Objectives: to retrace the care pathways and the academic pathways of brain-damaged children supported a Mobile Unit of School Reintegration (MUSR) and to identify factors associated with their long-term outcome. Patients and methods: Retrospective study from the medical files of 53 children followed by the MUSR, conducted between November 2018 and April 2019. Results: The cerebro-lesions were mainly caused by a craniocerebral trauma (83% of cases), with an average age of onset of 9.8 years. The duration of the initial hospitalization was 39 days on average. The mean length of follow-up was 37 months. Long-term medical outcome was marked by 18.5% of medical complications, 29.6% of behavioral disorders and 9.2% of judiciary complications. The factors associated with long-term behavioral disorders were the age of onset (p = 0.015), the initial Glasgow score (p = 0.025), a head trauma related to a traffic accident (p = 0.046), a poor therapeutic alliance with the parents (p <0.001), the absence of psychological follow-up (p = 0.040) and the existence of legal complications (p = 0.001). The factor associated with long-term legal complications was a poor therapeutic alliance with the parents (p = 0.017). All the children followed were reintegrated into school, after an average of 6.4 months. A school reorientation was necessary in 49.9% of cases, associated with initial complications (p = 0.035), the existence of secondary brain aggressions of systemic origin (p <0.001), the existence of antecedents (p = 0.040), and the autonomy level (p = 0.023). Conclusion: The MUSR offers multidisciplinary, integrative and mobile cares, based on coordination of the care pathway and the academic pathway of children victims of acquired brain injuries.
Long Term Volume Survival after Autologous Fat Transplantation to the Breast: A Review
Authors: Herold C.
Published: April 2021

Importance Autologous fat transplantation for breast augmentation has become a standard technique and is widely applied. The major weak point is that long time results, especially sudies about long term volumetric survival of the fat grafts have not been available yet. Observations We compared the available literature about volume survival after fat transplantation, including recent findings six years after fat transfer to the breast, showing stable results and even volume gain of transplanted fat grafts in patients that gained weight. Conclusions Fat transplantation to the breast for cosmetic breast augmentation offers stable long term results in terms of volume survival of the transplanted fat grafts. The available long term studies do not show any late complications of fat transfer.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Primary Liver Cancer
Authors: Waldum Helge
Published: April 2021

During the last years proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), previously regarded as very safe drugs and allowed to be sold over the counter, have been reported to give side effects in many organ systems. However, most of these negative reports probably are due to residual confounding factors. In general, the side effects of PPIs are due to their biological effect in removing the biological effect of gastric juice that is killing microorganisms, and the secondary hypergastrinemia in an unsuccessful attempt to restore normal gastric acidity. Whereas the possibility that hypergastrinemia could predispose to gastric cancer has been permanently on the agenda since the introduction of PPIs, the removal of the important protective effect towards microbes has surprisingly only been focused on during the later years as a consequence of increased interest on the gut microbiome. PPI treatment affects the microbiome, and it exists one report describing increased risk of primary liver cancer due to PPI use. Changes in the gut microbiome have been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases caused by ethanol as well as obesity. In general, chronic liver diseases predispose to liver cancer. There are also rodent studies incriminating inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the pathogenesis of primary liver cancer. However, it must be concluded that presently the role of PPIs in the development of primary liver cancer seems weak.
Prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity inWestern Maharashtra
Authors: Kaul Sucheta , Magdum Renu , Mohan Madhuvanthi , Motwani Divya , Singh Chirag , Kotecha Megha
Published: April 2021

ROP is a disease of the developing immature blood vessels in the retina of premature new born by toxicity of oxygen. With the recent advances in neonatal care there has been improvement in rates of survival in premature infants. Factors playing a role in ROP are low gestational age, low birth weight and increased oxygen supplementation after birth.

To study the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity and to determine its risk factors.

A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary centre from September 2018 to August 2020. 60 babies were screened with birth weight less than 1500 gms and gestational age less than 32 weeks. History was taken from parents and fundus examination was done. The grading of stages and zones was done. Data was entered in Excel and tests of statistical significance were used.

The prevalence of ROP was 28%. ROP was seen in zone III in 70% and 47% had stage 2 ROP. Only 7% mothers had completed less than 28 weeks of gestation. The mean birth weight was 1.36 kgs. 71% of the ROP positive babies were delivered by normal vaginal delivery. 100% babies diagnosed with ROP had been subjected to oxygen supplementation. 47% babies developed sepsis whereas 76% babies had history of RDS.

ROP is a preventable cause of blindness in childhood. Early screening by an ophthalmologist is important to prevent this. The burden of ROP is bound to rise due to increased advances in the field of neonatology if screening protocols are not implemented stringently.
Management of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion-combined treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab and ozurdex implant
Authors: Prashanth C N  , Babu M N Anand , Natesh Sribhargava
Published: April 2021

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dexamethasone implant in combination with intravitreal bevacizumab injection in the management of macular edema secondary to branch retinal venous occlusion.

10 eyes were prospectively investigated. Each eye was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab followed by intravitreal ozurdex at a two-week interval. Recurrence of macular edema was treated with ozurdex only. Patient were evaluated preoperatively with BCVA, IOP, OCT and fundus evaluation and followed up at 15 days, 2months and 4months of ozurdex injection. Fallow up all patient for 1 year duration.

Mean BCVA at presentation was 0.81 log mar, and that improved to after 15 days of intravitreal bevacizumab was 0.55 log mar. At 15 days, 2 months and 4 months of intravitreal ozurdex implantation mean BCVA was 0.54logmar, 0.54 log mar and 0.6logmar respectively. Mean central foveal retinal thickness at presentation was 538 µm and reduced to 235 µm, after intravitreal bevacizumab. At 15 days, 2 months and 4 months after intravitreal ozurdex implantation mean central foveal retinal thickness was 182.14 µm, 189.28 µm and 352.14 µm respectively. Mean Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated about 1 mm of Hg after bevacizumab, about 3 mm of Hg after 4 months of ozurdex with using single anti glaucoma medication and one patient had progression of cataract after 2 injection of ozurdex.

Combined treatment of intravitreal bevacizumab and ozurdex shows better and a sustained functional outcome. Increased intraocular pressure and cataract formation can be potential concerns and should be monitored.
Laser induced retinal injury sustained in a recreational laser show
Authors: Bharucha Khurshed , Parmar Vimal , Sonawane Ashwini , Vora Ushma , Kulkarni Sucheta , Deshpande Madan
Published: April 2021

We report case of a 24-year-old man, who presented with sudden unilateral visual loss after watching streetside laser light show. The Best Corrected Visual Acuity in his left eye was 6/60 with Snellen Visual Acuity Chart. Fundoscopic examination demonstrated a preretinal haemorrhage in the left eye over the macula. Optical Coherance Tomography demonstrated subhyaloid and Sub Internal Limiting Membrane localization of the haemorrhage. Patient was unwilling for the surgical intervention advised. With conservative management, the patient’s vision improved to 6/18 in the same eye with resolution of haemorrhage and Retinal Pigment epithelial atrophy at the macula.
Comparison of rapid serological diagnostic test in diagnosing typhoid fever in a tertiary care centre in western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Rani Ekta , Kotpal Ruchi , Kumar Alok
Published: April 2021

: In the study we compare the sensitivity and specificity of two commonly used rapid serological test, Widal test and Typhidot, in the diagnosing of Typhoid fever.

 Serum samples coming to the microbiology laboratory for routine testing over the period from September 2019 to November 2020 were analysed for the comparison for the presence of the Salmonella antibodies by carrying out the Typhidot and Widal tube agglutination test in tertiary care centre.

: Out of 580 blood specimen, 49.3% cases were positive by Typhidot and 38.6% cases were positive by Widal method.

Typhidot is a rapid and more sensitive test for early diagnosis of typhoid fever. It is now commercially available for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in areas with limited resources. Widal test showed the sensitivity and specificity of 37% & 62.4% respectively. Typhi dot test showed sensitivity of 41.4% and specificity of 56.5%.
Clinicomycological pattern of dermatomycosis – A two-year retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital of north India
Authors: Khan Shoaib Mohmad , Farhana Anjum , Amin Umara , Khan Reyaz A
Published: April 2021

Fungal infections are a growing cause of concern in both hospital and non-hospital settings all over the world. Fungal infections are often characterized by the location of the infection. These may be referred to as superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic, which is also referred to as deep-seated. Dermatomycosis are superficial fungal infections of the skin & or its appendages.

This study was undertaken to determine: 1) The predominant dermatophytes and non dermatophytes causing dermatomycosis. 2) The clinicomycological profile of dermatomycosis.

641 samples from clinically suspected cases of dermatomycosis including the skin, hair, and nail samples were collected. All the relevant clinical, demographic, and epidemiological details were noted. Samples were then subjected to direct microscopy and fungal culture.

Of the total 641 cases, 337 (52.6%) were males and 304 (47.4) were females (Table 1). The most commonly affected age group was 20–39 years (51%). Out of total, 340 (53%) were nail samples, 283 (44.1%) were skin samples, and 18 (2.9%) were hair samples. Onychomycosis was the commonest clinical presentation (48.8%) followed by Scaly skin lesions (13.1%). Moreover, Tinea corporis was seen in 10.3%, Tinea cruris in 5.3% cases. KOH wet mount was performed on all 641 samples with 230 (35.9%) showing positive results. Whereas, 312 (48.7%) were positive by culture. the most common Fungi isolated in our study were Dermatophytes n=154 (49.4%), followed by Non-dermatophyte molds (NDMs) n=93 (29.8%) and Yeasts n=65 (20.8%).

A combination of direct microscopy and culture was found to be superior than direct microscopy and culture alone. The recovery of NDMs and yeasts from routine dermatological samples in addition to the usual suspects, dermatophytes, also increases the awareness and suspicion among clinicians and mycologists to look beyond dermatophytes as the lone cause of superficial skin infections. Additionally, given the geographical location of Kashmir valley and its temperate climate with extremely cold winters (November to March) and a relatively milder summer with moderate humidity levels, when compared to the rest of northern Indian states doesn’t make it a suitable environment for fungal infections, more so the superficial mycosis. That said, people at risk are always vulnerable to develop fungal infections.
Caso de Canarias: Ingenio e innovación en la cadena de valor del agua
Authors: Khemlani Navin , Delgado Queila , Soriano Javier , Peñate Baltasar , Minatta Alejandro , Basani Marcello
Published: April 2021

Este producto de conocimiento pretende, por un lado, poner en relieve las particularidades de Canarias y cómo algunas de las buenas prácticas en tecnología y gestión han ayudado a paliar la permanente escasez de agua en el archipiélago; por otro lado, su potencial extrapolación a otras regiones, específicamente de América Latina y el Caribe, que puedan estar afrontando realidades transversales o específicas del sector agua similares a las enfrentadas por Canarias en las últimas décadas.
Universitários praticantes de musculação realizam consumo irregular de macronutrientes ao longo do dia com ingestão predominante de proteínas de fonte animal
Authors: Takai Fábio Yoshio , Andrade Guilherme Moreira , De Oliveira Lívia Costa , De Abreu Wilson César
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A ingestão de quantidades adequadas de macronutrientes e proteínas de alta qualidade ao longo do dia pode apresentar impacto na recuperação e adaptação muscular induzida pelo treinamento resistido. Objetivo: Avaliar a distribuição da ingestão de macronutrientes e de fontes proteicas em cada refeição realizada por universitários praticantes de musculação. Materiais e Métodos: Foram avaliados 90 universitários praticantes de musculação. A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada utilizando três registros alimentares de 24h. Dois registros alimentares foram coletados durante a semana em dias de treinos e outro no fim de semana, sem treino. Foram determinados o peso, altura e a composição corporal dos participantes. Resultados: Os participantes apresentaram consumo irregular de energia e macronutrientes ao longo do dia, concentrados no almoço e jantar, indicando que essas são as duas principais refeições do dia. O consumo de proteínas de origem animal foi predominante em todas as refeições, com maiores percentuais observados no jantar (80,72%) e na refeição pós-treino (80,87%). Os participantes que realizavam seis treinos por semana apresentaram ingestão de proteínas e energia significativamente maior comparado àqueles que treinavam três ou quatro vezes por semana (p<0,05).Conclusão: conclui-se que os universitários consomem energia e macronutrientes distribuídos de forma irregular ao longo do dia e que as proteínas ingeridas são predominantemente de fontes animais.
O Aconselhamento Psicológico Como Intervenção Para Mães De Crianças Com Paralisia Cerebral
Authors: Arcas de Felippe Thaís Cristina , Pereira Naelly De Sousa , Cunha Elaine Da Silva Dias , Vicente Danubia Torres , Machado Gustavo De Mendonça
Published: April 2021

O objetivo principal do presente artigo é refletir a intervenção do Aconselhamento Psicológico como prática psicológica possível que deve ser desenvolvida para redução do nível de estresse em mães de crianças com paralisia cerebral. Este artigo é resultado de um trabalho desenvolvido dentro da disciplina de Aconselhamento e Orientação em Psicologia de uma Faculdade de Psicologia no interior de São Paulo.  Com base na pesquisa de Mestrado realizada pela professora orientadora do trabalho, temos dados de que as mães de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral apresentam alto nível de estresse, do qual elas não possuem consciência do quanto afetam sua saúde – física e emocional. Além disso, a estratégia de enfrentamento utilizada por estas mães – a religiosidade e espiritualidade – não se mostrou efetiva para redução desse nível de estresse. Foi possível verificar que o mesmo é influenciado por inúmeras outras variáveis e condições, que precisam de outras formas de suporte e enfrentamento para serem elaboradas. A estrutura da intervenção do Aconselhamento Psicológico se apresenta como possível e até ideal para atingir tal objetivo. O atendimento à saúde mental e emocional dessas mães deve ser considerado uma questão de saúde pública, e deve estar inclusa no atendimento oferecido aos filhos.