bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Mechanism of the Oxidation of Toluenes in Artificial P450 Model Systems: Formation of Benzyl Alcohols, Benzaldehydes, and Phenols
Authors: Nakano Taku , Kawabata Sally , Sugihara Tamami , Agatsuma Noriko , Kakuda Hiroko , Mori Yoshihiro
Published: December 2003

Systems with pentafluoroiodosylbenzene (PFIB) and hemin (FeTPPCl8Cl) in dichloromethane were adopted to study the activities of the model system using toluenes as substrates for P450 enzymes. The oxidation products were mainly corresponding benzyl alcohols and benzaldehydes. Previously reported suspension systems were extended to homogeneous mixed solution systems of CH2Cl2/CH3OH/H2O to study the oxidation of benzyl alcohols to the corresponding benzaldehydes: the Hammett relation with ρ = −0.86 against σ+. As benzaldehydes were scarcely observed in natural P450 systems, the formation of benzaldehyde seemed characteristic only of the “open” model systems. In suspension systems, the product ratios between corresponding benzaldehydes and benzyl alcohols (ald/alc) were about 0.1–0.4, specific to the substituents and conditions applied. Curiously, the ratios (ald/alc) increased with the electronegativity of the substituents on the phenyl rings of the toluene derivatives. Time course experiments in suspension systems indicated that benzyl alcohols and benzaldehydes were formed not stepwise, but simultaneously from toluene. Separate experiments indicated that the reaction of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde was four-fold faster than that of toluene to benzyl alcohol. The rate was not enough to elucidate the amount of benzaldehyde. We suggest that the benzyl radical is formed by hydrogen abstraction and is attacked by the second oxidant, PFIB. Rebounding of the hydroxyl radical and the reaction with the oxidant were competitive depending on the conditions. Additionally, small amounts of phenols were formed from toluenes with electron-donating substituents. This was a minor reaction on which the aromatic hydroxylation occurred via epoxidation under the present conditions.
Fundamental Studies on the Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one Derivatives
Authors: Nakai Shunichiro , Yasui Masanori , Nakazato Masaki , Iwasaki Fujiko , Maki Shojiro , Niwa Haruki , Ohashi Mamoru , Hirano Takashi
Published: December 2003

The fundamental physical properties of 2-methyl and 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one 1 and 2, and their N- and O-alkylated derivatives 3–6 have been investigated by X-ray crystallography, UV/vis absorption spectroscopy, NMR, and AM1-COSMO calculations. The crystal structures of 3 and 4 showed that the imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one (imidazopyrazinone) π-system has a planar ring structure and a weakened carbonyl character of the C3–O10 bond, suggesting that the imidazopyrazinone π-system has the character of a zwitter-ionic resonance structure to increase the aromaticity. The data concerning the bond length alternations and the NMR chemical shifts of 1–4 also support that their imidazopyrazinone rings have small portions of aromatic character. In addition, imidazopyrazinone derivatives 1–4 showed solvatochromism originating by hydrogen-bonding interactions with hydrogen-bond donor solvent molecules; derivatives 1 and 2 prefer to be the NH form isomers in their tautomeric equilibriums. These observations were consistently evaluated by MO calculations. The physical properties of protonated species of 1–6 and anion species of 1 and 2 were also established. The fundamental properties of the imidazopyrazinone π-system explain the several problems of the chemi- and bioluminescence reactivities of imidazopyrazinone derivatives and of the construction of a bioluminescent supramolecule.
Syntheses and Structural Characterizations of a Novel Bowl-Type Germanol and Its Derivatives
Authors: Goto Kei , Shimo Isao , Kawashima Takayuki
Published: December 2003

A novel bowl-type triarylgermyl group, tris(2,2″,6,6″-tetramethyl[1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-5′-yl)germyl (denoted as TRMG), was designed, and a germanol and its derivatives bearing this framework were synthesized. X-ray crystallographic analysis of TRMG–OH (5) revealed that there is no OH···O hydrogen bonding between adjacent molecules, although the possible presence of a weak intermolecular OH···π interaction was suggested. In sharp contrast to organogermanols known so far, 5 is extremely resistant to self-condensation; no digermoxane was obtained when 5 was subjected to the conditions under which Ph3GeOH (8) affords the corresponding digermoxane. On the other hand, germanol 5 was readily converted to various derivatives. The crystal structure of TRMG–SH (12) was also determined.
Enzymatic Synthesis of (R)-Flurbiprofen
Authors: Terao Yosuke , Ijima Yoichiro , Kakidani Hitoshi , Ohta Hiromichi
Published: December 2003

α-Methyl-α-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)propionic acid (flurbiprofen) was prepared from the corresponding malonic acid derivative via asymmetric decarboxylation catalyzed by an enzyme, arylmalonate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.76), in high chemical and optical yields.
Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Amines with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Maeda Yasunari , Nishimura Takahiro , Uemura Sakae
Published: December 2003

An improved system for selective aerobic oxidation of amines to imines or nitriles is presented. It involves commercially available and inexpensive copper(I) or (II) chloride as catalyst, toluene as solvent, and MS3A as dehydrating agent under an atmospheric pressure of oxygen. A variety of amines can be used as substrates for this oxidation system to give the corresponding nitriles from primary amines (up to 97% yield; TON, up to 60) and the imines from secondary amines (up to 90% yield; TON, up to 45).
Factors Affecting the Conformational Preference and Magnetic Shielding of Isobutenylene Chains in Macrocyclic Salicylideneaniline Derivatives
Authors: Houjou Hirohiko , Tsuzuki Seiji , Nagawa Yoshinobu , Kanesato Masatoshi , Hiratani Kazuhisa
Published: December 2003

The 1H NMR chemical shifts and X-ray crystal structures of various salicylideneaniline derivatives containing an isobutenylene (2-methylenepropane-1,3-diyl) chain were analyzed in detail. In solution, these compounds were present to some extent as syn–syn conformers with respect to the isobutenylene chain; the actual syn–syn population depended on the molecular structure, especially on the size of the macrocycle. Small substituents on the phenyl ring hardly affected the stability of the syn–syn form at all, whereas replacement of the phenyl group with a naphthalene moiety considerably destabilized the syn–syn form relative to the syn–skew form. The conformation–chemical shift relationship was validly maintained irrespective of the substituent, provided the conformational preference was correctly taken into account.
Charge-Transfer Quenching of Excited Ketones by Selenides
Authors: Yamazaki Yuko , Nakamura Takayuki , Hasegawa Tadashi
Published: December 2003

Diphenyl selenide (kq = 2.5 × 109 mol−1 dm3 s−1) and selenoxide (2.5 × 108) quenched the Type II reaction of butyrophenone through a charge-transfer process more efficiently than the corresponding sulfide (1.5 × 108) and sulfoxide. The irradiation of 2-(benzylseleno)ethyl benzoylacetate gave bis[2-(benzoylacetoxy)ethyl] diselenide and 1,2-diphenylethane.
Pore Size Distribution and Porosities of Nano-TiO2 Films Made by Using Cellulosic Thickener and Their Influence on Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Ke-Jian , Kitamura Takayuki , Wada Yuji , Yanagida Shozo
Published: December 2003

A series of mesoporous TiO2 films with different average pore sizes and distributions were prepared by changing the addition content of cellulosic thickener in the pastes. The BET surface area shows that, for the samples with 3, 5, 10 and 15 wt % cellulosic thickener, the average pore size remained centered at 14–15 nm, but the pore size distribution became narrower with the increase of cellulosic thickener addition. With further increase of cellulosic thickener to 21 and 30 wt %, the average pore size decreases to 13 and 11 nm, and the pore size distribution also became much narrower. The sample, prepared from the paste with 15 wt % cellulosic thickener, shows the best result: short-circuit photocurrent density 13 mA/cm2, open-circuit photovoltage 0.72 V, fill factor 0.68, and conversion efficiency 6.4%.
Immobilization of Aqueous Heavy Metal Cations with Phosphates and Sulfates
Authors: Sugiyama Shigeru , Fujisawa Masayoshi , Koizumi Tatsuya , Tanimoto Shinya , Kawashiro Katsuhiro , Tomida Tahei , Hayashi Hiromu
Published: December 2003

The dissolution–precipitation mechanism has been suggested for the immobilization of aqueous lead cation with calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2; CaHAp). Here Na2HPO4, K2HPO4, MgHPO4 and CaHPO4 were employed for CaHAp. These hydrogenphosphates could favorably remove Pb2+, Cd2+, Co2+ and Cu2+ from aqueous solution for 0.5 h at 293 K. The removability of those hydrogenphosphates was evidently greater than that of CaHAp and seemed to be dependent on solubility of those hydrogenphosphates and the hydration enthalpy of those heavy metal cations. The structures of phosphates recovered after immobilization of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Co2+ were strongly influenced by the pH in the aqueous solution, while the structures after immobilization of Cu2+ for 0.5 and 12 h were amorphous compound and Cu2(PO4)(OH), respectively. The employment of solid state 31P MAS NMR and XRD revealed that the amorphous compound was also Cu2(PO4)(OH). The removability found with those hydrogenphosphates was also observed in the immobilization of Pb2+ with MgSO4 and CaSO4.
Preparation and Photochromic Properties of Powder and Films of DNA–Dodecyltrimethylammonium Ion Complex Containing Spiropyran Derivatives
Authors: Saito Masako , Musha Kiyoshi , Yokoyama Yayoi , Yokoyama Yasushi
Published: December 2003

Two thermally reversible photochromic spiropyrans, 1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline] 1 and 3′,3′-dimethyl-6-nitro-1-(3-sulfopropyl)spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline] triethylamine salt 2, were incorporated in powder and films of an organic-solvent-soluble DNA–dodecyltrimethylammonium ion complex. The powder and the films showed thermally reversible photochromism. The spiropyrans in the powder were considered to be intercalated into the DNA base pairs because: 1) they were thoroughly washed to remove weakly attaching molecules and 2) the color of the powder was different from either of the closed or open forms of the spiropyran, whereas spiropyrans doped in the films behaved as in the polar organic solvents, so that the film was a mixture of spiropyran and the DNA–dodecyltrimethylammonium ion complex.
Coupling Covalent and Noncovalent Electron Transfer in a Catenane-type Donor-Sensitizer-Acceptor Triad
Authors: Hu Yi-Zhen , Tsukiji Shinya , Shinkai Seiji , Oishi Shigero , Dürr Heinz , Hamachi Itaru
Published: December 2003

A catenane-type triad consisting of a donor (phenothiazine), a sensitizer (Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)3) and an acceptor (cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)) was prepared by stepwise coordination. Multistep noncovalent and covalent electron transfer was successfully carried out in this triad.
The First Evidence Indicating Formation of Superoxide by Manganese-Dependent Peroxidase (MnP) in the Presence of Excess H2O2
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Kamitsuji Hisatoshi , Enoki Makiko , Honda Yoichi , Kuwahara Masaaki
Published: December 2003

Production of O2− by manganese peroxidase (MnP) in the absence of free radical intermediates was analyzed by ESR spin trapping experiments with 4-POBN and DMPO. MnPs from Pleurotus ostreatus and Bjerkandera adusta produced O2− after addition of an excess of H2O2 independently of the presence of organic acid chelator for Mn(II) and Mn(III). This is the first report demonstrating direct production of O2− by MnP.
Low Temperature Synthesis of Ultrafine SnTe Powder in Ethanol Solvent
Authors: Zhang Weixin , Cheng Youwei , Hu Junqing , Zhan Jinhua , Yu Weichao , Yang Li , Qian Yitai
Published: December 2003

Reaction of a tellurium alkaline ethanol solution and tin(II) tartaric acid complex produced ultrafine SnTe powder with a cubic phase. The XRD pattern indicated that the tellurium alkaline ethanol solution as a tellurium source, made the product crystallize well at 140 °C on reflux. The TEM image showed that the particle size was in the range of 0.25-0.50 µm. The mechanism of the formation of tin(II) telluride was discussed.
A Practical Method for Optical Resolution of Racemic Alcohols or Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Transformation and Sulfation
Authors: Yamano Toru , Kikumoto Fumio , Yamamoto Shozo , Miwa Katsuhiko , Kawada Mitsuru , Ito Tatsuya , Ikemoto Tomomi , Tomimatsu Kiminori , Mizuno Yukio
Published: December 2003

Optically active esters were conveniently obtained from the corresponding racemic alcohols or esters by lipase-catalyzed transformation, followed by sulfation. Sulfation by sulfurtrioxide pyridine complex enabled facile isolation of optically active esters by extraction instead of laborious column chromatography. The method would be especially advantageous on a large scale.
Synthesis of Wholly Alicyclic Polyimides from N-Silylated Alicyclic Diamines
Authors: Watanabe Yasufumi , Sakai Yoshimasa , Ueda Mitsuru , Oishi Yoshiyuki , Mori Kunio
Published: December 2003

A synthetic method to give wholly aliphatic polyimides with high molecular weights has been developed. The polymerization of cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) with 5-trimethylsilylamino-N-trimethylsilyl-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexanemethylamine (NSD-1) or 2,5(2,6)-bis(N-trimethylsilylaminomethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (NSD-2) was carried out in polar aprotic solvents at room temperature, giving poly(amic acid trimethylsilyl ester)s (PATSEs) as precursor polymers which were hydrolyzed to poly(amic acid)s (PAAs) with inherent viscosities up to 0.74 dL g−1. Both polyimide precursors were readily converted to the corresponding polyimides by thermal treatment.
Tetravalent Ion(Zr4+) Conduction in Solids
Authors: Imanaka Nobuhito , Ueda Tomohiro , Okazaki Yusuke , Tamura Shinji , Hiraiwa Masamichi , Adachi Gin-ya
Published: December 2003

Tetravalent Zr4+ ion was directly demonstrated to migrate in zirconium oxide phosphate(Zr2O(PO4)2) solid in which pentavalent phosphorus ion forms PO43− unit with bonding strongly to counter four oxygen ions, resulting in a released circumstance for the rest of the constituent tetravalent ion, Zr4+, to migrate.
Deamination of 1-Alkyl-9-aminomethyltriptycenes: Participation of the α-C-H Bond of the 1-Alkyl Group
Authors: Yamamoto Gaku , Mochida Hisashi
Published: December 2003

Diazotization of 1-alkyl-9-aminomethyltriptycenes (alkyl = methyl and ethyl) in AcOH or CHCl3 gives products derived from participation of an α-C-H bond of the 1-alkyl group. The product distributions strongly depend on the 1-alkyl group and the solvent.
Ultrafast Bimolecular Reaction Kinetics between S1 trans-Stilbene and Carbon Tetrachloride Studied by Sub-Picosecond Time-Resolved Visible Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Iwata Koichi , Hamaguchi Hiro-o
Published: December 2003

Ultrafast bimolecular reaction kinetics between S1  trans-stilbene and carbon tetrachloride is monitored by sub-picosecond time-resolved visible absorption spectroscopy. The observed kinetics is well explained either by Smoluchowski’s theory or by Collins-Kimball’s theory of diffusion-controlled reactions. These results suggest that the molecular motion in solution for a few picosecond time period is well described by diffusion.
Imaging of Diaphorase Micropatterned at Gold Arrays with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Yasukawa Tomoyuki , Kanaya Norihiro , Mandler Daniel , Matsue Tomokazu
Published: December 2003

Diaphorase was hydrophobically immobilized onto a self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiol at an interdigitated Au microarray. The diaphorase activity at the array substrates was imaged with the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in the presence of NADH and ferrocenemethanol as a redox mediator. The images demonstrate that diaphorase was immobilized onto the SAM layer to form a line-and-space micropattern which reflected the pattern of the Au microarray.
Benzyltriphenylphosphonium Peroxymonosulfate: As a Novel and Efficient Reagent for Oxidation of Alcohols under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Hajipour Abdol Reza , Mallakpour Shadpour E , Adibi Hadi
Published: December 2003

This paper describes the oxidation of alcohols under solvent-free conditions using benzyltriphenylphosphonium peroxymonosulfate, which has been prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride with oxone® at room temperature. This reagent is stable white powder, which may be stored for months without loss of its activity. This compound is readily soluble in organic solvents such as acetonitrile, chloroform, and dichloromethane and slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ether, and hexane.
One-Dimensional Arsenic-Vanadium Cluster Chain Bridged by Two Co(en)2 Groups
Authors: Bu Wei-Ming , Yang Guo-Yu , Ye Ling , Xu Ji-Qing , Fan Yu-Guo
Published: December 2003

The hydrothermal reaction of As2O3, V2O5, Co(Ac)2, H3PO4, en and H2O produces [CoII(en)3][{CoII(en)2}2AsIII6VIV15O42]·4H2O, which consists of a one-dimensional arsenic-vanadium cluster chain bridged by two different geometries of Co(en)2 groups. The interactions, which are established through hydrogen-bonding involving water molecules, the amine nitrogens, and terminal oxygen atoms, result in three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network. Magnetic measurement indicates that the overall magnetic behavior is weakly antiferromagnetic.
First Synthesis of Subelliptenone F, an Inhibitor of Topoisomerase II
Authors: Ohira Susumu , Fukamachi Norihiro , Nakagawa Osamu , Yamada Masashi , Nozaki Hiroshi , Iinuma Munekazu
Published: December 2003

Subelliptenone F, a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase II, was synthesized for the first time via coupling of A and C ring components and B ring formation, followed by Claisen rearrangement of the 3-methyl-2-butenyl ether.
Glucosylated Tris-bipyridine Ferrous Complexes: Construction of Hexavalent Saccharide Clusteres via Self-Assembly and Their Recognition by Lectin
Authors: Hasegawa Teruaki , Matsuura Kazunori , Kobayashi Kazukiyo
Published: December 2003

Hexavalent glycoconjugates were prepared via self-assembly of divalent glycosylated 2,2′-bipyridine derivatives with ferrous chloride. The Λ- and Δ-stereoisomeric complexes were preferentially formed from α- and β-glucoside derivatives, respectively. The α-glucoside cluster exhibited an enhanced affinity for concanavalin A.
Facile Synthesis of Optically Active Homocysteine from Methionine
Authors: Shiraiwa Tadashi , Nakagawa Kazuo , Kanemoto Norito
Published: December 2003

l-Methionine (l-Met) reacted with dichloroacetic acid in concentrated hydrochloric acid under refluxing to give (4S)-1,3-thiazane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid hydrochloride [(4S)-TDC·HCl]. l-Homocysteine (l-Hcy) was obtained in an optically pure form by treatment of (4S)-TDC·HCl with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. d-Hcy was also synthesized starting from d-Met via (4R)-TDC·HCl intermediate.
Mechanism of Skeletal Isomerization of n-Butane Using 1,4-13C2-n-Butane on Solid Strong Acids
Authors: Suzuki Tetsuo , Okuhara Toshio
Published: December 2003

Mechanism of skeletal isomerization of n-butane over Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 as well as sulfated ZrO2 was revealed at a temperature range 393 - 523 K by using 1,4-13C2-n-butane. 13C-Distributions of isobutane at 393 K were close to binomial distribution, indicating a bimolecular pathway. On the other hand, an intramolecular (monomolecular) rearrangement became significant over Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 at 523 K.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of [C6H5N-R][Ni(mnt)2] (R = p-nitrobenzyl)
Authors: Zhu Xuhui , You Xiaozeng , Ren Xiaoming , Tan Weilian , Ji Wei , Raj S S Sundara , Fun Hoongkun
Published: December 2003

Investigation of third-order optical nonlinearity of complex 1, [C6H5N-R][Ni(mnt)2] where R = p-nitrobenzyl, mnt = maleonitrile-1,2-dithiolate, with 7 ns laser pulses at 532 nm shows that it exhibits negligible nonlinear absorption, but considerable nonlinear refraction. In terms of two calculated figures of merit W and B resulting from one-photon and two-photon absorptions, complex 1 may be used for all-optical signal processing.
A New Reduction-Carburization Route to Nanocrystalline TiC
Authors: Hu Jun-Qing , Lu Qing-Yi , Tang Kai-Bin , Deng Bin , Jiang Rongrong , Qian Yi-Tai , Zhou Gui-En , Yang Li
Published: December 2003

Nanocrystalline TiC was synthesized through a new reduction-carburization route by using metallic Na as the reductant, and tetrachlorotitanium (TiCl4) and carbon as Ti and C sources at 650 °C. The present route allowed for the formation of nanocrystalline TiC with fine particle sizes, narrow size distribution (8-12 nm). A possible formation mechanism for nanocrystalline TiC was proposed.
Novel Method for Synthesizing Zirconium Oxide Thin Membrane on/into Polymer Membranes
Authors: Kakuta Yoshihisa , Atoguchi Takashi , Yao Shigeru
Published: December 2003

Polymer supported zirconium oxide thin layer was prepared by means of a simple sol-gel method using inorganic salt and methanol. This simplified method was effective for reducing steps of sol-gel procedure and was applicable to many kinds of polymer substrate not only hydrophilic but hydrophobic. This method was also applicable to porous membrane as substrate, and was effectively applied to fill the pore with zirconium oxide.
Enhancing Effect of SO2 on Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by Methanol over Ag/Al2O3
Authors: Zhu Tianle , Hao Jiming , Li Weibin
Published: December 2003

The effect of SO2 on activity for NO reduction by methanol over Ag/Al2O3 in the presence of excess oxygen has been investigated. Selective catalytic reduction activity was not decreased but increased and most effective NO reduction temperature shifted from 200-250 °C to 300-350 °C by pre-sulfated Ag/Al2O3 or addition of SO2 to reaction mixture.
Synthesis of β-Substituted 21,23-Dithiaporphyrins
Authors: Ravikanth M
Published: December 2003

Synthesis and characterization of β-substituted 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21,23-dithiaporphyrins are reported. The absorption and emission spectra exhibited large bathochromic shifts due to nonplanarity of porphyrin ring which is induced on β-substitution.
Optical Resolution of a Six-Coordinate Silicon(IV) Complex with a Tripodal Hexadentate Ligand
Authors: Kojima Masaaki , Azuma Shunryo , Hirotsu Masakazu , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Nonoyama Matsuo , Yoshikawa Yuzo
Published: December 2003

The reaction of silicon tetraacetate with a tripodal hexadentate ligand (H3L = 1,1,1-tris(N-salicylideneaminomethyl)ethane) afforded the colorless [Si(L)]+ complex. The X-ray analysis of the complex revealed that the Si–N bond distance, av. 1.926(2) Å, is much longer than the Si–O bond distance, av. 1.723(2) Å. The complex is stable toward hydrolysis and could be optically resolved by fractional crystallization of the diastereomeric salt with (−)-dibenzoyl-l-tartaric acid.
Selective Bridging of Calix[6]arene: Synthesis of 1,2-Calix[6]dioxocrowns
Authors: Chen Yuanyin , Yang Fafu
Published: December 2003

Treating p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene with oligoethylene glycol bischloroacetates, a series of ester-containing 1,2-bridged calix[6]crowns have been synthesized in reasonable yields for the first time. The longer the spacer in bischloroacetates, the higher the yield. The extraction ability towards alkali metal and ammonium cations of the obtained 1,2-calix[6]dioxocrowns are superior to that of 1,2-calix[6]crown-5.
Catalytic Methanol Decomposition at Low Temperature over Pd Catalyst Derived from Mesoporous Silica Carried Pd-Hydrotalcite
Authors: Liu Yanyong , Suzuki Kunio , Hamakawa Satoshi , Hayakawa Takashi , Murata Kazuhisa , Ishii Tomoko , Kumagai Mikio
Published: December 2003

Pd-Hydrotalcite (denoted by Pd(HT)) was uniformly dispersed on HMS (hexagonal mesoporous silica) by synthesizing Pd(HT) in the HMS suspension and the composite was used as a catalyst precursor for methanol decomposition. The novel catalyst showed high activity and selectivity to synthesis gas at low temperature due to the large surface area and high Pd dispersion.
Efficient Photoreduction of Cytochrome c in the Presence of a Bilayer Membrane of N-Ethylcarbazole-Containing Amphiphiles
Authors: Morita Tomoyuki , Kimura Shunsaku , Imanishi Yukio
Published: December 2003

Photoreduction of cytochrome c (cyt.c) in the presence of a bilayer membrane of amphiphiles having an N-ethylcarbazolyl (ECz) group was investigated. It was found that efficient energy migration among ECz groups promoted electron transfer to cyt.c, and the photoreduction yield was thus insensitive to the concentration of cyt.c, but was determined mainly by the amount of a sacrificial donor bound to the membrane.
Dual Electron Injection from Charge-Transfer Excited States of TiO2-Anchored Ru(II)-4,4′-Dicarboxy-2,2′-biquinoline Complex
Authors: Islam Ashraful , Hara Kohjiro , Singh Lok Pratap , Katoh Ryuzi , Yanagida Masatoshi , Murata Shigeo , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Sugihara Hideki , Arakawa Hironori
Published: December 2003

Dual electron injection phenomenon observed for the first time in dithiocyanato bis(4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-biquinoline)ruthenium(II) when anchored to nanocrystalline TiO2 film indicates an ultrafast rate of electron injection into the conduction band of TiO2 which is competitive to internal conversion and/or intersystem crossing between the two lowest excited MLCT states.
Efficient Synthesis of B- and C-Rings Components of Phycobilin Derivatives for Structure/Function Analysis of Phytochrome
Authors: Ohta Atsuko , Sawamoto Daisuke , Jayasundera Krishanthi Padmarani , Kinoshita Hideki , Inomata Katsuhiko
Published: December 2003

B- and C-Rings components of phycobilin derivatives were efficiently prepared starting from the corresponding lactones. This synthetic method made it possible to prepare not only phycocyanobilin (PCB), but also PCB derivatives having butanoic acid side chain(s) instead of propanoic one(s), regioselectively monoesterified PCB derivatives at C8 or C12, and regioisomers of PCB with respect to methyl and propanoic acid substituents of B- and C-rings for the first time toward the structure/function analysis of phytochrome.
Photolysis of anti-Dodecaalkyltricyclo[4.2.0.02,5]octasilane: Generation and Reactions of Cyclotetrasilene
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Meguro Akira , Unno Masafumi , Matsumoto Hideyuki
Published: December 2003

The photolysis of tricyclic ladder oligosilanes gave a cyclotetrasilene intermediate, which was trapped by methanol, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, and anthracene. Anthracene underwent a cycloaddition with the cyclotetrasilenes at the 9,10- and 1,4-positions depending on the substituents on the cyclotetrasilene rings.
Preparation of α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Process with Inorganic Iron Salt
Authors: Dong Wenting , Wu Sixin , Chen Danping , Jiang Xiongwei , Zhu Congshan
Published: December 2003

A simple new method for the preparation of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by sol-gel process using ethylene oxide and FeCl3 as starting materials is reported. The size and morphology of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can be controlled by changing the initial concentration of FeCl3 and amount of ethanol.
Z/E Selectivity on the Formation of 2,2′-Diacyl-9,9′-bifluorenylidenes Was Controlled by the Length of Acyl Side Chains
Authors: Minabe Masahiro , Oba Toru , Tanaka Masayuki , Kanno Keiko , Tsubota Motohiro
Published: December 2003

Reaction of 2-acetyl-9-bromofluorene with base afforded Z- and E-2,2′-diacetyl-9,9′-bifluorenylidene in a ratio of 30/70. A similar treatment of 2-stearoyl-9-bromofluorene gave the corresponding bifluorenylidene in a Z/E ratio of 90/10. The observed dependency of Z/E ratio on the chain length is attributable not to steric repulsion, but to intra- and/or inter-molecular attractive forces between the side chains.
Electrically Induced Rapid Deformation of Nonionic Gel
Authors: Zheng Jianming , Watanabe Masashi , Shirai Hirofusa , Hirai Toshihiro
Published: December 2003

Chemically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel swollen with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), was first found to bend vividly in air by applying a DC electric field. A rapid and large bending motion was observed. As neither water nor an ionic component exists in the gel, no electrolysis occurs in the actuation process. It would be an advantage over polyelectrolyte gels for durability and efficiency in practical application as a soft actuator. We report here the observed results and propose a tentative mechanism for the reversible-and-large deformation.
A Novel Microporous Cluster Polymer {[Et4N]2[WS4Cu4(CN)4]}n with Cyanide-Bridged Three-Dimensional Open-Framework
Authors: Zhang Chi , Jin Guocheng , Xu Yan , Fun Hoong-Kun , Xin Xinquan
Published: December 2003

Reaction of (Et4N)2WS4 with CuCN (molar ratio of 1:4) in pyridine affords an interesting three-dimensional cluster polymer with open-framework. The crystal structure determination shows that the anionic WS4Cu4 units bridged by cyanide produce three-dimensional channels running down the crystallographic a axis.
Polymorphism of Silica Mesostructures Templated by Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-b-Poly(Butylene Oxide) Diblock Copolymer
Authors: Yu Yonghao , Yu Chengzhong , Yu Zhang , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: December 2003

A family of silica mesostructures including highly ordered 2-dimensional (2D) hexagonal (H1) and lamellar (Lα) symmetries have been prepared by using poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(butylene oxide) diblock copolymer as a structure-directing agent under acidic synthesis condition.
Unusually Lowered Acidity of Ammonium Group Surrounded by Crown Ether in a Rotaxane System and Its Acylative Neutralization
Authors: Kihara Nobuhiro , Tachibana Yuya , Kawasaki Hiroaki , Takata Toshikazu
Published: December 2003

Acidity of a secondary ammonium group in a rotaxane system with a crown ether was unusually lowered. N-Acylation of the ammonium group by acid anhydrides or chlorides proceeded slowly in the presence of excess tertiary amine to give the N-acylated rotaxanes without salt structure.
Cyclization of O-Pentafluorobenzoyloxime Having (diene)Fe(CO)3 Moiety
Authors: Sakurai Hidehiro , Ichikawa Tomoko , Narasaka Koichi
Published: December 2003

O-Pentafluorobenzoyloxime having (cyclohexadiene)Fe(CO)3 moiety cyclizes to give trans-fused dihydroindole derivative. This C-N bond formation proceeds by radical chain mechanism initiated by molecular oxygen. Thus formed trans-fused dihydroindoles easily isomerize to the cis-fused isomers on acidic silica gel.
Synthesis of Macroporous Materials with Zeolitic Microporous Frameworks by Self-Assembly of Colloidal Zeolites
Authors: Wang Y J , Tang Y , Ni Z , Hua W M , Yang W L , Wang X D , Tao W C , Gao Z
Published: December 2003

This study reports a novel and flexible technique to synthesize bimodal porous materials with ordered macropores whose walls are composed of microporous zeolites by self-assembly of nanocrystals of silicalite-1 and ZSM-5. The materials prepared by this novel technique are well crystalline and possess uniform macropores interconnected in three dimensions through windows.
2-Aryl-5-epoxynitrile Anion Cyclizations : Total Syntheses of (±)-α-Cuparenone and (±)-Epilaurene
Authors: Avila-Zárraga J Gustavo , Maldonado Luis A
Published: December 2003

Total syntheses of the cyclopentane sesquiterpenes of the title using an epoxynitrile anion cyclization reaction as key step, are described. The preferential formation of the cyclopentane ring from a terminal disubstituted 5-epoxynitrile (e.g.  2b) had not previously been observed. The 2-aryl substituent is reasonably assumed to be responsible for this divergence.
Cobalt Molybdenum Bimetallic Nitride Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Kojima Ryoichi , Aika Ken-ichi
Published: December 2003

Cs promoted cobalt molybdenum bimetallic nitride (Co3Mo3N) synthesized by nitridation of cobalt molybdate hydrate with ammonia at 973K was stable and more active for ammonia synthesis (15 mmol h−1g−1) at 673 K under 3.1 MPa (N2 + 3H2) than a doubly promoted iron catalyst.
Novel Tetranulear Cobalt(II)-Cobalt(III) Mixed-Valence Complexes with a Significant Difference in Magnetism
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Nagao Nobuyuki , Kondo Kazuhiro
Published: December 2003

Tetranuclear cobalt(II)-cobalt(III) mixed-valence complexes with bis(benzoylacetone)-1,3-diiminopropan-2-ol (H3L), [Co4L2(C2H5O)4]·CH3CN and [Co4L2(CH3O)4]·2CH2Cl2, have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography and magnetic susceptibility measurement.
Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Balance of Bis(octylethylenediamine) Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pd(II) Chlorides in Methanol/Water and Chloroform/Water Systems
Authors: Iida Masayasu , Er Hua , Hisamatsu Naoko , Tanase Tomoaki
Published: December 2003

Double-chained bis(N-octylethylenediamine ( = OE)) complexes, such as Zn(OE)2Cl2, Cd(OE)2Cl2, and Pd(OE)2Cl2, were prepared and their selective solubilities in water/chloroform and water/methanol solutions were studied. Although all the complexes are poorly soluble in water, they showed clearly different solubilities in the water/organic mixed solvents depending on each amphiphilic character.
Determination of Arrhenius Parameters from a Single Rate Curve
Authors: Amasaki Iwao , Gao Zhiming , Nakada Masahiro
Published: December 2003

A simple fitting method was proposed to determine Arrhenius parameters from a single rate curve without demanding for integral curve at the same time. This is the merit of the fitting method since the commonly used differential methods still require integral curve besides the original rate curve.
Rhenium-Mediated Photochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction in Compressed Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Hori Hisao , Koike Kazuhide , Takeuchi Koji , Sasaki Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2003

Rhenium-bipyridine complexes soluble in compressed CO2 were prepared and employed in the first example of photochemical reduction of CO2 mediated by metal complexes in compressed CO2, without use of an organic liquid solvent.
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Endohedral Dimetallofullerene, La2@C80
Authors: Moriyama Masaya , Sato Tadatake , Yabe Akira , Yamamoto Kazunori , Kobayashi Kaoru , Nagase Shigeru , Wakahara Takatsugu , Akasaka Takeshi
Published: December 2003

The first FT-IR spectra of La2@C80 are observed at temperatures from 353 to 83 K by dispersing the sample into the KBr pellet, which confirm that the C80 cage has Ih symmetry, as supported from theoretical calculations. Also discussed is the rotational motion of the C80 cage.
Oxidation Capability of Carbon Dioxide in the Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene over Vanadium Oxide-Loaded MgO Catalyst
Authors: Sakurai Yoshihiro , Suzaki Takamasa , Nakagawa Kiyoharu , Ikenaga Na-oki , Aota Hiroyuki , Suzuki Toshimitsu
Published: December 2003

Carbon dioxide could oxidize the reduced vanadium oxide species on MgO and keep vanadium species at a high oxidation state, during the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene under carbon dioxide, giving a markedly high yield and selectivity of styrene.
X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis of the NH Form of a Salicylideneaniline at 15 K
Authors: Ogawa Keiichiro , Harada Jun , Tamura Itaru , Noda Yukio
Published: December 2003

The structure of the NH form of a salicylideneaniline was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis of N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxyaniline at 15 K. Comparison of the X-ray structure with the structure obtained from quantum mechanical calculations using density functional theory revealed that the NH form is predominantly zwitterionic in crystals and predominantly quinoidal in gas phase.
Flexible Molecular Tweezer Based on a Dioxa[2.2]orthocyclophane Linked with Weak Electron Acceptor
Authors: Kurebayashi Hirotaka , Fukazawa Yoshimasa
Published: December 2003

A flexible receptor having three aromatic chromophores can bind a weak electron acceptor which is linked covalently to the receptor with an appropriate alkyl chain. The receptor has tweezer type conformation when the acceptor was entrapped within its cavity. Sandwich type donor-acceptor-acceptor arrangement was realized in solution.
Cu/ZrO2 Catalysts for NO-CH4 Reaction
Authors: Aritani Hirofumi , Kawaguchi Shuji , Yamamoto Takashi , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Okamoto Yasuaki , Imamura Seiichiro
Published: December 2003

Cu(2wt%)/ZrO2 shows a high activity for catalytic NO decomposition with CH4 at 873 K. Cu K-edge XANES results show that Cu2+ ions were reduced to form Cu+ after the reaction, and, metallic Cu0 was scarcely seen. It is concluded that the redox of the Cu ions (Cu2++) plays an important role for NO-CH4 reaction. Cu
Preparation of Periodic Microstructured Diamond Surfaces
Authors: Okuyama Suguru , Matsushita Sachiko I , Fujishima Akira
Published: December 2003

Two types of periodic surfaces were fabricated by utilizing two-dimensionally ordered arrays, in one case as a template and in another as a mask. In the first case, a bulb-like microstructured surface was formed, and, in the second, a cylinder-like microstructure. The Raman spectra of these films indicate that they consist mostly of diamond and therefore have a high refractive index as well as other well-known properties of diamond, making them attractive for photonic, electronic, and electrochemical applications.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of New Salicylate-Bridged Coordination Polymer, [Cu2(sal)2(pyz)(MeOH)2]n
Authors: Longguan Zhu , Kitagawa Susumu , Kondo Mitsuru , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: December 2003

The title compound, {[Cu2(sal)2(pyz)]·2MeOH}n (H2sal = salicylic acid, pyz = pyrazine) (1), has been synthesized, and structurally characterized. Each sal ligand connects the three copper centers to afford a novel 2-D network structure. The CuII-sal framework forms a rhombus type two-dimensional coordination framework. The pyz molecules, which fill the voids of the network, bind to the Cu site to afford zigzag chain.
Cyclic Oligonuclear Fe6Na3 Complex with 2,6-Bis(salicylideneaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Ikemi Shinichiro , Yao Shigetoshi
Published: December 2003

A cyclic nonanuclear complex with 2,6-bis(salicylideneaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol (H3L), [Fe6Na3(L)3(CH3COO)12], has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography and magnetic susceptibility measurement.
Crystal Structure, Spectroscopy and Magnetic Properties of a Novel FeIII Unsymmetric Tetranuclear Complex: A Model for met-Hemerythrin
Authors: Fernandes Christiane , Neves Ademir , Vencato Ivo , Bortoluzzi Adaílton J , Drago Valderes , Weyhermüller Thomas , Rentschler Eva
Published: December 2003

N,N,N′-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-diamino-2-propanol (HTPPNOL) has been synthesized and a novel tetranuclear antiferromagnetic iron(III) complex, containing bridging acetate, oxo, and alkoxo groups was characterized by X-ray crystallography, infrared, electronic, and Mössbauer spectroscopies and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
New Synthetic Method of Imides through Oxidative Photodecarboxylation Reaction of N-Protected α-Amino Acids with FSM-16
Authors: Itoh Akichika , Kodama Tomohiro , Inagaki Shinji , Masaki Yukio
Published: December 2003

FSM-16, a mesoporous silica, was found to promote the oxidative photodecarboxylation of N-acyl-protected α-amino acids in hexane to afford the corresponding imides.
Serendipitous Synthesis of Oligo(6-vinylsilyl-5-silacyclohepta-1,3-diene)s
Authors: Woo Hee-Gweon , Kim Bo-Hye , Sohn Honglae
Published: December 2003

The reaction of 1,4-dilithiotetraphenylbutadiene with excess vinyltrichlorosilane produces both the 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl-6-dichlorovinylsilyl-5-dichlorosilacyclohepta-1,3-diene (1) and its oligomer (2). The precipitation of 2 in methanol yields its dimethoxy derivative (3). The dimethyl (4) and diphenyl (5) derivatives of 2 are obtained in good yields by reacting 1,4-dilithiotetraphenylbutadiene with excess chlorodimethylvinylsilane and chlorodiphenylvinylsilane, respectively, without forming their respective monomer. In contrast, the reaction of 1,4-dilithiotetraphenylbutadiene with excess allyltrichlorosilane grves 1-allyl-1-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole only.
The Solid Phase, Room-Temperature Synthesis of Metal-free and Metallophthalocyanines, Particularly of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octacyanophthalocyanines
Authors: Nemykin Victor N , Kobayashi Nagao , Mytsyk Vladislav M , Volkov Sergey V
Published: December 2003

Room-temperature synthesis of phthalocyanines (pcs) by condensation of phthalonitriles in the presence of solid sodium methoxide in THF is proposed for the synthesis of metal-free pcs with temperature- and/or base-sensitive substituents. The addition of metal salts after metal-free pc formation in the same vessel produces metallopcs in moderate to high (ca. 30–90%) yields.
Site-Selective Complexation of Amphiphilic Compounds by Cyclodextrins
Authors: Harada Akira , Okumura Hiromichi , Okada Miyuko , Suzuki Syukuko , Kamachi Mikiharu
Published: December 2003

Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been found to form inclusion complexes with Triton X in a site-selective manner; α-CD binds an ethylene glycol chain specifically and β-CD binds a hydrophobic end group (an iso-octylphenyl group and a phenyl group) specifically.
Application of Self-Oscillation of the Electrical Potential across the Water-Oil-Water Liquid Membrane to Quantitative Analysis of Aluminum Nitrate
Authors: Yoshidome Toshifumi , Higashi Toshifumi , Kamata Satsuo
Published: December 2003

Self-oscillation of an electrical potential across a water-oil-water liquid membrane was measured in the presence of metal nitrate in one of the aqueous phases. Oscillation mode changed particularly in the case of metal ion with the electric charge of 3+, and the magnitude of the change monotonously increased in frequency with the concentration of Al(NO3)3.
Lipophilic Peptide as Novel Building Material of Molecular Sensor
Authors: Kuboyama Toshiharu , Mathew Beena , Nakamura Shigeo , Takagi Makoto
Published: December 2003

Lipophilic peptide derivatives 1 - 3 proved to complex with amines in chloroform in 1:1 ratio allowing distinct color change. Peptide 3 as compared with 2 indicated strikingly greater binding affinity, suggesting the importance of subtle modulation in hydrogen-bonded secondary structure of peptide chains in non-polar solvent.
Post-Metallocenes: Catalytic Perfomance of New Bis(salicylaldiminato) Zirconium Complexes for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Matsui Shigekazu , Mitani Makoto , Saito Junji , Matsukawa Naoto , Tanaka Hidetsugu , Nakano Takashi , Fujita Terunori
Published: December 2003

New bis(salicylaldiminato) zirconium complexes were synthesized and investigated as ethylene polymerization catalysts. As a result, we demonstrated that high molecular weight (Mw: 71.6 × 104) and super high activity (2096 kg-PE/mmol-Zr·h) were accomplished by changing the ligand structure.
Observation of Positive/Negative Bands in a Polarized External Reflection Vis-Spectrum and the Orientation of Protonated Tetraphenylporphyrin Adsorbed at Liquid-Liquid Interface
Authors: Moriya Yoshio , Amano Ryoko , Sato Takuya , Nakata Shin-ichi , Ogawa Nobuaki
Published: December 2003

A p-polarized visible external reflection spectrum comprised of positive and negative absorption bands was certainly observed as to the protonated tetraphenylporphyrin adsorbed at toluene-aqueous sulfuric acid interface. The results were qualitatively explained that the protonated molecules in J-aggregate could orientate obliquely to the interface.
First Observation of Precursory Structural Changes of Aliphatic Parts in the α-γ Polymorphic Transition of Dl-Norleucine by Temperature-Scanning Time-Resolved FT-IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Sonoyama Masashi , Yajima Hirofumi , Nakano Tatsuhiko , Matsumoto Masayuki , Tsukushi Itaru , Ishii Tadahiro
Published: December 2003

Polymorphic transition of Dl-norleucine from the α-form to the γ-form was investigated with temperature-scanning time-resolved FT-IR spectroscopy. The dynamic FT-IR measurements revealed the precursory structural changes in the aliphatic parts prior to the main overall polymorphic transition.
Gaseous Molecular Sieving Property of a Microporous Hollandite-type Hydrous Manganese Oxide
Authors: Wang Zheng-Ming , Tezuka Satoko , Kanoh Hirofumi
Published: December 2003

A microporous hollandite-type manganese oxide having protons as counter ions (H-Hol) was prepared by hydrothermal reaction and adsorption of various molecules from gas phase was examined. It is found that only H2O and NH3 can be adsorbed in the intra-pores; NH3 is inserted as NH4+ as a result of reacting with lattice protons. Chemisorption of NH3 is available even under co-existence of water, indicating that H-Hol can be an excellent selective trapper toward odor NH3.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Polymeric Oxovanadium(V) Complexes with Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Tsuchimoto Masanobu , Yasuda Eriko , Ohba Shigeru
Published: December 2003

New polymeric oxovanadium(V) complexes with tetradentate Schiff base ligands, [VO(Xsalen)]SbF6 (H2Xsalen: N,N′-di-Xsalicylidene-1, 2-ethanediamine; X=5-MeO (methoxy) and H ) were prepared from monomeric [VO(Xsalen)(H2O)]NO3·H2O by changing the counter anion. X-Ray crystal structure analysis of [VO(5-MeOsalen)]SbF6 showed that the complex has ···VV=O···VV=O··· chains in the crystals.
The First Lipophilic Face-to-Face Dimers of Permethylated α-Cyclodextrin-Azobenzene Dyads through a p-Xylylene Spacer
Authors: Fujimoto Tatsuhiko , Uejima Yukihiro , Imaki Hiroya , Kawarabayashi Naoya , Jung Jong Hwa , Sakata Yoshiteru , Kaneda Takahiro
Published: December 2003

The synthesis of two new permethylated α-cyclodextrin derivatives 1 and their self-association to stable lipophilic face-to-face dimers 2 are described.
A Mild and Selective Cleavage of p-Methoxybenzyl Ethers by CBr4-MeOH
Authors: Yadav J S , Reddy BV Subba
Published: December 2003

p-Methoxybenzyl ethers were selectively deprotected to the corresponding alcohols and phenols in high yields by CBr4 in refluxing methanol under neutral reaction conditions.
Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Bromination of Sampangine
Authors: Katsuyama Isamu , Zjawiony Jordan K
Published: December 2003

Based on MO calculations and experimental data, the unusual regioselectivity in bromination of sampangine (1) is discussed; the proposed mechanism includes initial interaction of bromine or some solvents with nitrogen atom (N-6 in 1) having a higher electron density.
Preparation and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Gold Electrodes Modified with [60]Fullerene-Linked Oligothiophenes
Authors: Hirayama Daigo , Yamashiro Takashi , Takimiya Kazuo , Aso Yoshio , Otsubo Tetsuo , Norieda Hiroyuki , Imahori Hiroshi , Sakata Yoshiteru
Published: December 2003

[60]Fullerene-linked quarter- and octithiophenes with a disulfide anchoring group have been synthesized, and a photovoltaic cell with a gold electrode modified with the octithiophene derivative showed a large photocurrent under illumination of visible light.
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in γ Ray Irradiated Carbon Dioxide : Water System Containing Cu2+ and SO32−
Authors: Wu Xing-Zheng , Hatashita Masanori , Enokido Yuji , Kakihana Hidetake
Published: December 2003

Enhancing effect of various metal powders, metal oxides, metal ions, and inorganic anions on reduction of CO2 in γ ray irradiated CO2-water systems were investigated. Experimental results showed that Cu2+ and SO32− have large enhancing effect. Furthermore, their synergical enhancing effect was found. The enhancing factor was about 100-fold.
New Aspects of Knoevenagel Condensation and Michael Addition Reactions on Alkaline Carbonates
Authors: Aramendía María A , Borau Victoriano , Jiménez César , Marinas José M , Romero Francisco J
Published: December 2003

The Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile with benzaldehyde on K2CO3, Rb2CO3 and Cs2CO3 gave the condensation product benzylidenemalononitrile but the reaction proceeded to the hydrogenated product benzylmalononitrile. Also, the Michael addition of malononitrile to certain double bonds occurs in the presence of K2CO3.