bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tropical Peatland Identification using L-Band Full Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Imagery (Study Case: Siak Regency, Riau Province)
Authors: Ayunda Desti , Wikantika Ketut , Novresiandi Dandy A. , Harto Agung B. , Virtriana Riantini , Hidayat Tombayu A.
Published: August 2021

From previous research reported that tropical peatland is one of terrestrial carbon storage in Earth, and has contribution to climate change. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is one of remote sensing technology which is more efcient than optical remote sensing. Its ability to penetrate cloud makes it useful to monitor tropical environment. This research is conducted in a tropical peatland in Siak Regency, Riau Province. This research was conducted to identify tropical peatland in Siak Regency using polarimetric decomposition, unsupervised classifcation ISODATA, and Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) from SAR data that had been geometrically and radiometrically corrected. Polarimetric decomposition Freeman-Durden was performed to analyze radar backscattering mechanism in tropical peatland, which shows that volume and surface scattering was dominant because of the presence of vegetation and open area. Unsupervised classifcation ISODATA was then performed to extract “shrub class”. By assessing its accuracy, the class that represents shrub class in reference map was selected as the selected “shrub class”. RVI then was calculated using a certain formula. Spatial analysis was then conducted to acquire certain information that average value of RVI in tropical peatland tend to be higher than in non-tropical peatland. By integrating selected “shrub class” and RVI, peat classes were extracted. The best peat class was selected by comparing with peatland referenced map which is acquired from the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Resources and Development (IAARD) using error matrix. In this research, the best peat class yielded 73.5 percent of Producer’s Accuracy (PA), 81.6 percent of User’s Accuracy (UA), 66.1 percent of Overall Accuracy (OA), and 0.1079 of Kappa coefcient (Ks).
Comparison Between the Potential of Tempe Flour Made from Germinated and Nongerminated Soybeans in Preventing Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Astawan Made , Rahmawati Inas Suci , Cahyani Ananda Putri , Wresdiyati Tutik , Putri Sastia Prama , Fukusaki Eiichiro
Published: August 2021

This study was aimed to compare the chemical characteristics of tempe flour made from nongerminated soybean (NST) and germinated soybean (GST), especially on their capacity in preventing diabetes mellitus (DM). Soybeans were germinated for 20 hours in the dark until 2.5-5.0 mm of the radicle emerged. The ungerminated soybeans and the germinated soybeans were then processed into tempe and tempe flour. The two types of tempe flour were subjected to proximate analysis, amino acid profiling, antioxidant capacity, total phenol content, isoflavone content, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition analyses. GST was superior in preventing DM in the protein content and antioxidant parameters, as these were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in NST. On the other hand, NST was superior in preventing diabetes in the isoflavon (daidzein, genistein, and total isoflavone) and α-amylase inhibition IC50 parameters which were significantly better (p<0.05) than in GST. On the contrary, the diabetes-preventing parameters total phenols, α-glucosidase inhibition IC50, and insulinotropic amino acids (arginine, alanine, phenilalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine) were not different (p>0.05).  Therefore, GST and NST both have potential in preventing diabetes through different mechanisms.
Ecological Vulnerability of Coral Reef Ecosystem in Wakatobi National Park During Indian Ocean Dipole Event
Authors: Madduppa Hawis H. , Koropitan Alan F. , Damar Ario , Subhan Beginer , Taufik Muhammad , Minsaris La Ode Alam , Taurusman AM Azbas , Ramli Agus , Purwanto Arif Budi
Published: August 2021

This research examines coral reefs vulnerability which threatening its existences and functions by climate change. The ecological vulnerability in Wakatobi (Wangi-wangi, Kaledupa, Tomia, and Binongko) was assessed during Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event in 2016. Climate exposure was determined using sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, and wind speed magnitude; sensitivity was determined using coral susceptibility, fish susceptibility, and macroalgae primary productivity rate; then adaptive capacity was developed by hard coral cover, coral size distribution, coral richness, fish biomass, herbivore diversity, and herbivore grazing relative to algal production. The values of Exposure, Sensitivity, and Adaptive capacity in Wakatobi were 0.93±0.02, 0.42±0.18, and 0.44±0.10, respectively. Site specific vulnerability scores ranged from 0.52 to 1.60 (mean 0.92±0.26). Binongko was the least vulnerable than other islands. Tomia was observed as the least adaptive capacity and Wangi-wangi was the most bleaching incidents. These results could help coral reefs monitoring priority during the event and then when the event is gone by focusing on the marked islands and sites. Sites that were observed as more vulnerable is urgently need a management strategy to overcome the vulnerability status in the future, such as increasing site adaptability.
Propolis Components and Biological Activities from Stingless Bees Collected on South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Miyata Ryo , Sahlan Muhamad , Ishikawa Yoshinobu , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Honda Sari , Kumazawa Shigenori
Published: August 2021

Three new compounds, namely sulabiroins A (1) and B (2), and 2',3'-dihydro-3'-hydroxypapuanic acid (3), were isolated from the propolis of stingless bees (Tetragonula aff. biroi) collected on South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In addition, ten known compounds, (–)-papuanic acid (4), (–)-isocalolongic acid (5), isopapuanic acid (6), isocalopolyanic acid (7), glyasperin A (8), broussoflavonol F (9), (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone (10), isorhamnetin (11), (1'S)-2-trans,4-trans-abscisic acid (12), and (1'S)-2-cis,4-trans-abscisic acid (13) were identified. The structures of the new and known compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of sulabiroins A (1) and B (2) were determined by X-ray crystallography analysis and ECD calculation, respectively. The propolis from stingless bee (Tetragonula aff. biroi) collected on South Sulawesi contained compounds not present in propolis from other regions. Sulabiroin A (1) and isorhamnetin (11) were examined for xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity as one of biological activities; isorhamnetin (11) exhibited potent XO inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 3.9 µm.
Selection of early maturing and high yielding mutants of Toraja Local Red Rice Grown from M2-M3 Population after Ion Beam Irradiation
Authors: Sjahril Rinaldi , Trisnawaty A. R. , Riadi Muhammad , Rafiuddin Rafiuddin , Sato Tadashi , Toriyama Kinya , Hayashi Yoriko , Abe Tomoko
Published: August 2021

This study aims to obtain the genotype of local Toraja red rice M2 mutants that have the potential to be developed into early maturing varieties and have high yields. Research carried out with a mass selection method consisting of two irradiation treatments, namely: (1) irradiation with a Carbon ion dose of 150 Gy (PL-C); (2) irradiation with Argon ion dose of 10 Gy (PL-A) and control as a comparison. Selected strains of M2 seed population were planted in experimental strains plus 2 strains as control, each row had 50 plants. Selection is done in two stages. The first stage, the selection is based on the criteria of plant growth components, to select rice plants that have early-middle age characters, dwarf-semi-dwarf, and many tillers. The second stage, selected strains from the scoring method were then grouped based on the degree of similarity with the cluster analysis method. Irradiation with ion beams produces mutants with shorter harvest times than their parents, with the harvest time 16-17 days or 10% shorter compared to their parents. This study produced 10 selected strains, 5 strains of carbon ion and 5 strains of argon ion irradiation treatment, and formed 5 groups with a 90% similarity coefficient.
Antagonistic Activity of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Garcinia atroviridis against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Zanudin Nur Afeeqah Binti Mohamed , Hasan Nor'Aishah , Mansor Patahayah Binti
Published: August 2021

The extensive use of synthetic fungicides in controlling plant disease generates detrimental impacts on the environment and human health. In response to this problem, an alternative method was developed, known as biological control using antagonistic microorganisms. Since investigation on fungal endophytes of Garcinia atroviridis is still unclear, it was chosen for the study. The aim of the present work was to evaluate biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes, a phytopathogen that caused anthracnose disease. A total of 92 endophytic fungi were isolated from different tissue parts of Garcinia atroviridis including leaves, petioles, branches, and fruits. Results demonstrated that, most of endophytic fungal isolates showed some inhibitory action over the growth of C. gloeosporiodes during dual culture growth. Endophyte isolate F14 showed the highest antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes with 67.38% percentage inhibition radial growth (PIRG). However, 7 out of 92 isolates showed no inhibitory effect against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes. In conclusion, endophytic fungi isolated from G. atroviridis indicate the potential as biocontrol agents. It is hoped that the finding of isolated endophytic fungi in this study with antagonistic activity against anthracnose pathogen may be used in biocontrol programmes of plant disease in the region.
Anatomical Properties and Near Infrared Spectra Characteristics of Four Shorea Species from Indonesia
Authors: Adi Danang Sudarwoko , Hwang Sung-Wook , Pramasari Dwi Ajias , Amin Yusup , Cipta Hairi , Damayanti Ratih , Dwianto Wahyu , Sugiyama Junji
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the anatomical properties and absorbance characteristics of NIR spectra of four Shorea species from Indonesia. Macroscopic section revealed that Balau has similarity with Heavy Red Meranti, whereas White Meranti was almost identical with Light Red Meranti. All of the woods have diffuse porous and axial resin canals in tangential lines at the microscopic level. Original NIR spectra of Shorea species showed different absorbance characteristic. Wood density was assumed to be one of the factors that affected to the absorbances. Principal component analysis (PCA) of second derivative NIR spectra at the wavenumber 8,000-4,000 cm-1 (full) and 6,200-5,600 cm-1 (specific) showed different orientation among the Principal Component (PC) number. PC1, which contained highest spectral variation, had two closed clusters (1) Balau and Heavy Red Meranti and (2) White and Light Red Meranti at full spectral range. In contrast, the results at specific range were (1) Balau and White Meranti and (2) Heavy and Light Red Meranti. Hierarchical clustering dendrogram using PCA data from two spectral regions resulted in two types of clustering, the 8,000-4,000 cm-1 was somehow related to ‘density’, while the 6,200-5,600 cm-1 was grouped in ‘color’ information from visual inspection.  From both spectral regions, k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) classification models revealed 100% accuracy in identification four Shorea species using NIR spectra.
Genetic Relationship between Tongka Langit Bananas (Musa troglodytarum L.) from Galunggung and Maluku, Indonesia, Based on ITS2
Authors: Dwivany Fenny Martha , Stefani Giasintha , Sutanto Agus , Nugrahapraja Husna , Wikantika Ketut , Hiariej Adriana , Hidayat Topik , Rai I Nyoman , Sukriandi Nisrina
Published: August 2021

Tongka Langit or Fe’i banana (Musa troglodytarum L.) has the T genome and a very high content of beta-carotene. It only grew and spread around the regions of Maluku islands and Papua. However, recently our team found this banana on the foot of mount Galunggung, West Java, so this raised the question about its origin. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic relationship between Tongka Langit from Galunggung and Maluku islands and compared it with other bananas with different genomes. Genetic diversity analysis was done using ITS2 DNA marker and dendrogram analysis showed three groups. From the comparison of the ITS2 sequences, there were no difference (100% identity) between the ITS2 sequence of Tongka Langit originating from Galunggung and Maluku. In conclusion, based on the ITS2 marker, the Tongka Langit were more distantly related to cultivars with A and B genomes, and there was no difference in the ITS2 sequence of Tongka Langit originating from Galunggung and Maluku. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous report of genetic relationship between Tongka Langit from Galunggung and other regions.
Biological Conservation of Molluscs Based on Spatial and Temporal Distribution in Tropical Tidal Lake, Medan-Indonesia
Authors: Yulianda Fredinan , Muhtadi Ahmad , Boer Mennofatria , Krisanti Majariana , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: August 2021

The tidal lake ecosystem is formed by the flow of the Belmera River and seawater through a tidal process along a course of 12 km from Belawan (Malacca Strait). This lake has a tidal lake that has the characteristics of fresh water to brackish water and Mollusc communities from freshwater species to brackish water species. This study was performed to develop a mollusc conservation strategy based on the spatial and temporal distribution of Mollusca in the tides. The study was conducted from September 2018-August 2019. Mollusc samples were taken every month at high tide and low tide using a Petersen grab tool. Nine Mollusca species, consisting of three bivalves and six gastropods, were identified. Polymedosa expansa is a mollusc species that is considered for conservation. The population size of P. expansa is small, and its distribution is limited to the northern lake. P. expansa was found only in September at high tide and in December at low tide. Competition among Mollusca and habitat availability are obstacles to the survival of P. expansa. The habitat of P. expansa is mangrove, and therefore a conservation approach was carried out through improvement of mangrove quality.
Growth, Oxalate and Vitamin C Content of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Treated with Salicylic Acid
Authors: Shyfa Chlarissa Bella Asy , Dewi Kumala
Published: August 2021

Red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) contains phytochemicals that are important for human health, however it also contains oxalate that may cause uric acid problem in human health. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on growth, oxalate, chlorophyll, and vitamin C contents in red amaranth. Red amaranth seeds were germinated in a plastic pot containing a mixture of top soil and organic fertilizer. Three week-old seedlings were applied with SA of 0 M (control), 10-8, 10-6, 10-4 or 10-2 M. Five replicates were prepared for each treatment. Growth parameters observed were plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight of plant. The Ca-oxalate crystals density was determined by observing stem section under the microscope. Chlorophyll and oxalic acid content were determined by spectrophotometer method, whereas vitamin C content was determined by titration method. The results showed that plant height and root length were tend to decline by SA application, however SA of 10-6 M signiﬁcantly increased chlorophyll, carotenoid and vitamin C content. All concentrations of SA applied were able to reduce oxalic acid content and Ca-oxalate crystal’s density in stem. It can be inferred that application of SA generally enhances nutrient quality of red amaranth.
The Development of Gametophyte Sterilization Method for Liverworts Acrolejeunea fertilis (Reinw., Blume and Nees) Schiffn. In vitro Culture
Authors: Putri Mouleidi Dwi , Handayani Windri , Dwiranti Astari , Salamah Andi , Hemelda Niarsi Merry , Putrika Afiatry
Published: August 2021

In vitro culture gametophytes of leafy liverworts often have problems in their sterilization process. These problems due to the high level of contamination and the fragile structure of the gametophyte leafy liverworts. The structures can be easily to damage after exposure to disinfectant. This study aimed to observe the concentration and the exposure time of “Bayclin” commercial bleach to suppress contamination with the viability of Acrolejeunea fertilisgametophytic explants. This research was conducted using control and 6 combination treatments with “Bayclin” concentration (1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50%) and exposure time 60 and 120 seconds, then accompanied by the addition of Tetracycline 2.5 mg/ml. The qualitative parameters observed were the explant color, the type and location of contamination, and the growth of explants. The quantitative parameters were the percentage of contamination, the percentage of growth, and the number of new branches. The results showed that “Bayclin” 1.25% and 1.50% with 60 seconds exposure time has the lowest percentage of contamination which is 70% until the 7th days after planting. The most common type of internal contamination from the explant is bacteria and fungi. However, the growth of the new branch still occurs in some explants even though it has been contaminated and browned.
Tempe and Soybean var. Grobogan-Indonesia Increased The Number of Osteoblasts and Osteocytes, Inhibited Osteoclast Damage in The Tibia Bone of Rats
Authors: Wresdiyati Tutik , Firdaus Alamsah , Astawan Made
Published: August 2021

Tempe, an Indonesian traditional food, is a product of processed soybeans by fermentation. Both tempe and soybeans contain a variety of nutrients, such as isoflavone, Ca, P, and Mg that are important for bone health. This study aimed to observe the influence of Indonesian var. Grobogan tempe flour and soybean flour on the profile of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts in the tibia bone of rats. The rats were divided into five groups; casein, tempe flour 10%, tempe flour 20%, boiled soybean flour 10%, and boiled soybean flour 20% groups. The treatment was conducted for 90 days. The results showed that the treatment using tempe flour and soybean flour increased the number of osteoblasts and osteocytes significantly compared to the casein group. Tempe flour 20% showed the best result. In addition, the number of osteoclasts in the tibia bone of rats that were treated with tempe flour and soybean flour were smaller than that of negative control group. The treatment using soybean flour (10% and 20%) or tempe flour (10% and 20%) decreased the number of osteoclasts in the tibia bone of rats. It is suggested that both tempe and soybeans can be utilized for osteoporosis prevention.
Rural dwellers involvement in small scale poultry farming in Oluyole Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunwale O.G. , Abegunrin O.O. , Oyewole O.O. , Olatunji B.T. , Ajanaku A.O.
Published: August 2021

Poultry production at all levels appears to be lucrative and profitable but many factors appear to limit the involvement of rural dwellers in this sector. This study was carried out at Oluyole Local Government Area Oyo State to assess the level of involvement of rural dwellers in small scale poultry farming. Some parts of Oluyole local government were purposely selected for this study because of higher  concentration of rural dwellers that are involved in poultry production. A total of ninety five respondents were sampled and had a well-structured questionnaire administered to them to determine their socio economics characteristic, their level of involvement, benefit  derived and constraint faced in poultry farming. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage and  means, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at 0.05% level of significance. The results show that majority of the respondents were males (61.1%), married (68.8%) and have tertiary education (59.1%). Majority (50.5%) of the respondents were between the ages of 31-45years. Socio-economic characteristics such as age, region, sex, educational level, household size and income had no significant relationship with the respondent’s level of involvement in small scale poultry farming (P<0.05). Results on level of involvement shows that most (48.8%) of the sampled correspondents were involved in boilers production. The study also shows that the benefit derived in poultry farming remained the same regardless of the level of involvement of the farmers in various poultry activities, with r –value (0.177), p-value (0.089) indicating that the relationship is not significant (P<0.01), it also indicated that the relationship between the  constraints facing the respondents and their level of involvement is not significant with r –value (0.154). Also, the major constraints facing the respondents included difficulty in accessing loan and quality feed. Government should therefore make loan facilities at affordable interest rate while all the stake holders should work together to improve farmers’ access to quality feed, vaccine, technical know-how and adequate extension workers.
Determinants of Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Weather Index Insurance in Embu County, Kenya
Authors: Isaboke Hezron Nyarindo
Published: August 2021

The study examined how multiple factors influence participation of farmers in Weather Index Insurance WII in Embu County, Kenya. Data wer e collected from a sample of 401 smallholders following multi stage sampling technique The study employed the Cragg ’s Double Hurdle model in determining factors that influence participation and extent of participation in WII. Results revealed th at short rain season, household size, land size, perception of the household head on WII , owners h ip of a mobile phone a nd location of the farm were important factors in explaining participation in WII. The distance to a registered agro veterinary products outlet, insurance premium ,  group membership, the weather station in Runyenjes station and distan c e to the local weather station influenced probability to participate negatively. Similarly, ownership of mobile phone had a positive influence on the extent of participation in WII while the size of the household, distance to a registered agro veterinary p roducts outlet and land size were significant with a negative influence. The findings of this study highlight the importance of shaping farmers’ perceptions to wards WII, promotion of policies that allow for access and use of information and communication t echnologies ( such as mobile phones by the farming households as a pathway to providing smart so lutions to smallholder farmers in dealing with weather rela ted risks . Further, the research recommends for development of policies that would ensure modest WII insurance premiums that are aligned to the unique need s of the smallholder farmers.
Актуальные вопросы исполнительного производства в западноевропейских государствах: опыт Французской Республики
Authors: Андрей А.С.
Published: August 2021

Автор рассматривает опыт Французской Республики, касающийся правовой регламентации различных институтов исполнительного производства. В статье обозначаются основные направления реформирования исполнительного производства в Европейском союзе, а также их реализация в законодательстве Франции. Основное внимание уделяется исследованию гражданских правоприменительных процедур в сфере исполнительного производства; механизмов признания и приведения в исполнение иностранных судебных решений; изменений в области действия иммунитетов; особенностей функционирования института судей по исполнению судебных актов; использования цифровых инструментов для реализации мер принудительного характера и упрощенных процедур; а также иных мер, направленных на повышение эффективности системы исполнения судебных актов.
A Lightweight Hybrid Detection Method for Botnet
Authors: Ma Wei , Wang Xing , Wang Jiguang , Chen Qianyun
Published: August 2021

Botnet is a serious threat for the Internet and it has created great damage to the Internet. How to detect botnet has become an ongoing endeavor research. Series of methods have been discussed in recent research. However, one of the remaining challenges is that the high computational overhead. In this paper, a lightweight hybrid botnet detection method is proposed. Considering the features in the botnet data packets and the characteristic of employing DGA (Domain Generation Algorithm) domain names to connect to the botnet, two sensors are designed and deployed individually and parallelly. Signature detection is used on the gateway sensor to dig out known bot software and deep learning based techniques are used on the DNS (Domain Name Server) server sensor to find DGA domain names. With this method, the computational overhead would be shared by the two sensors and experiments are conducted and the results indicate that the method is effective in detecting botnet
Locations of Theological Anthropology in Indonesia
Authors: Hutagalung Toar B.
Published: August 2021

Colonization takes over many dimensions of life, e.g., theology, economy, history, and the idea of humanity itself (anthropology). In Indonesia, colonization by the Dutch Empire has been determining the life of the Indonesian people since the eighteenth century. The twin gazes, namely of the European orientalists and of the colonized natives, have colluded to maintain certain ruptures in the mentality of the common Indonesian person, including how they treat other human beings. Such a malforming situation is obscured from historical analysis, given what history’s very construction owes to colonial influence. To retrace a more affirming and dignified history, I look elsewhere than the formal record and, by doing so, propose that such a decolonial task lies in availing contemporaneous literary works. In this essay, I present an analysis of the colonial-era novel Max Havelaar, wherein I parse the hidden historical archive offered both in and by the text. Through this analysis, I consider how such an alternative archive affects one’s theological imaginary and promotes the (re)construction of a theological anthropology that escapes the confinement of the white Western orientalist gaze.
Interfaith Engagement in Milwaukee: A Brief History of Christian-Muslim Dialogue
Authors: Harmakaputra Hans A.
Published: August 2021

Sebuah resensi untuk buku Interfaith Engagement in Milwaukee: A Brief History of Christian-Muslim Dialogue
Christianities in Southeast Asia
Authors: Harmakaputra Hans A. , The Christopher M.
Published: August 2021

This is editorial introduction to Special Issue "Christianities in Southeast Asia."
EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN PT PANTJA SIMPATI
Authors: Solansa Ahmad Faqih , Nanang Hendra , Sudiyamto M
Published: August 2021

Every production process in a company is inseparable from all the dangers of disease and occupational accidents for workers. So in a company it is necessary to implement occupational safety and health in order to reduce and prevent occupational diseases and accidents. In carrying out occupational safety and health at PT Pantja Simpati, PT Pantja Simpati has several problems that can cause illness and work accidents such as unavailability of personal protective equipment, non-functioning air vents, employees smoking in the production room, employees drinking in the production section. part. areas, fire fighting equipment lacks lighting, damaged ceilings or roofs, untidy cables, and slippery production floors. Ways to avoid work accidents such as providing PPE and APAR, repairing damaged equipment, and taking firm action against workers. From the problems found, the implementation of occupational safety and health at PT Pantja Simpati is still not good.Keywords— Occupational Safety and Health, 5W+1H
Perancangan Arsitektur Sistem Aplikasi DOOR to DOOR Kantor UPPD SAMSAT Kota Salatiga Berbasis Android
Authors: Rachman Firda , Prasetyo Sri Yulianto Joko
Published: August 2021

The increase in the number of motor vehicles is difficult to anticipate, the roads used are not in accordance with capacity. To prevent congestion, the government imposes a progressive tax on motor vehicles that have moved owners but are still on behalf of the previous owner. Manunggal Administration System under One Roof (SAMSAT) conducts Door To Door activities to request direct confirmation to taxpayers whose vehicles are subject to progressive taxes. It is difficult for taxpayers to find out what makes data manipulation happen. Created Android-based Door to Door Application System using waterfall method to facilitate Door to Door activities and avoid manipulation of taxpayer data. By using waterfall method this application is made starting from the analysis of needs, design of system design, implementation, to the application of the program. Application system design is built using UML (Uniferd Modeling Language) system design and system design implementation using Android Studio and RestAPI.
Investigating the Antecedents of Whistleblowing
Authors: Ghaffar Bilal , Bowra Zulfiqar Ahmed , Naeem Kanza , Muneer Yasin
Published: August 2021

Prevalence of corporate frauds is critical, therefore, it is very important to detect and institutionalize the black sheep’s in the organization which are involved in misconduct and must be brought to the light via whistleblowing. Ethical leadership equitably influence ethical climate, which in turn will favorably encourages employees in whistleblowing. This study is intended to examine and overcome the research gap based on the mediating aspect of psychological stress and moral attentiveness in association of ethical leadership, ethics oriented climate on whistleblowing. Twelve hypotheses were developed to examine the conceptual framework of the study. A self-administered questionnaire was devised to acquire cross sectional information from 425 employees from the banks in Gujranwala division, Punjab, Pakistan via convenient sampling. Results showed that in the presence of ethical leadership and ethics oriented environment in an organization’ the psychological stress of employees decreases and moral attentiveness of the employees increases and ultimately have the positive impact on whistleblowing. Hence, this research is one of the few cross-sectional researches that examining the mediation mechanism of psychological stress and moral attentiveness in the banking sector of Pakistan.
Quantum Entanglement and its Quantification in a Two-Mode Cascade Laser
Authors:   Department of Physics, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, Kanea Ebisa Mosisa
Published: August 2021

In this paper, quantum entanglement of correlated two-mode light generated by a three-level laser coupled to a two-mode squeezed vacuum reservoir is thoroughly analyzed using different inseparability criteria, using the master equation, we obtain the stochastic dierential equation and the correlation properties of the noise forces associated with the normal ordering. Next, we study the photon entanglement by considering different inseparability criteria. In particular, the criteria applied are Duan-Giedke-Cirac-Zoller (DGCZ) criterion, logarithmic negativity, Hillery-Zubairy, and Cauchy-Schwartz inequality and we found that the presence of the squeezing parameter leads to an increase in the degree of entanglement. Moreover, the linear gain coecient significantly achieved the degree of entanglement for the cavity radiation
Wave Model of Gravity
Authors:   Russian Federation, Volgograd, 400064, Bibliotechnaya Street, House 14, Apartament 95, Shavkyatovich Yanbikov Vil'dyan
Published: August 2021

Phenomenological model of the gravitational wave the interaction of the substance of the cosmos. The formula of the gravitational interaction between the gravitating masses. The formula of gravitational attraction between the protons at very close distance between them
Psychotherapeutically Oriented Vibroacoustic Therapy for Functional Neurological Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Leandertz Mikaela , Joukainen Jussi , Pesonen Tuula , Ala-Ruona Esa
Published: August 2021

Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) affects a significant number of people worldwide. Previously referred to as conversion disorder, FND is a disorder of the communication between mind and body resulting in the experience of neurological symptoms incompatible with neurological or medical diagnoses. FND patients account for a notable portion of neurologists' patients, and yet these patients are still considered some of the most difficult to diagnose and treat. This pilot case study utilized a psychotherapeutically oriented approach to vibroacoustic therapy and active music therapy methodology in the therapy process of a patient diagnosed with FND. The treatment protocol used in this study highlights an interdisciplinary, multimodal, and diverse approach to referral and treatment for FND patients. Review of the qualitative data together with the quantitative outcomes of the study provided a comprehensive conceptualization of this case. Valuable perspectives were gained from this approach, and the clinical findings were well supported by the quantitative outcome measures.
A Randomized Pilot Study of Rhythm-Based Music with Movement Strategies on Stress and Interaction Behaviors of Infant Caregivers
Authors: Geist Kamile , Zoccola Peggy , Andary Nathan , Geist Eugene , Dogbey Godwin , Williams Lee Ann , Tuttle Brianna
Published: August 2021

Consistent, prolonged, and nurturing interactions of a primary caregiver with an infant is necessary for optimal development of the infant. Lowering parental stress can promote positive caregiver-infant social interaction behaviors. Studies show that when caregivers use rhythm-based music and movement strategies during interactions with their infants, non-verbal communication, mutual attunement, and self-reported stress levels improve. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine caregiver benefits (stress hormones and positive interaction behaviors) when learning rhythm-based music with movement strategies while interacting with their infant. This was achieved through randomization of caregiver/infant dyads to a treatment (instructional intervention) or control condition with no instruction. Significantly lower salivary cortisol levels and lower salivary cortisol/DHEA ratio values pre-post were observed for the treatment condition as compared to control. These findings suggest that learning and using rhythm-based music and movement interventions are promising for lowering stress in caregivers. The impact of the intervention with families at risk due to stress-related environmental factors should be further investigated. In addition, observing social emotional behaviors and stress hormone levels of the infant is suggested.
The Effect of Music Therapy on Weight Gain among Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit - Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Yakobson Dana , Shalit Sachar , Arnon Shmuel
Published: August 2021

Preterm infants, especially those born before 32 weeks of gestation, experience extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR). Poor weight gain is associated with adverse neurocognitive outcomes. Many factors influence EUGR, including clinical, behavioral and developmental care modalities. This review describes the clinical and developmental factors that affect weight gain among preterm infants during their stay in the NICU, and evaluates the reported contributions of studies that used music therapy interventions to augment weight gain. We recommend that trials addressing weight gain during MT interventions should be long-term during NICU hospitalization, powered to detect even sub-optimal weight gain, include factors that directly influence weight gain and clinically-relevant morbidities of preterm infants, and incorporate developmental care and family centered care modalities, as much as possible. The use of proper methods to measure weight gain, such as individual Z-scores is recommended. We also recommend that the elements of the music therapy interventions that influence weight gain should be described systematically.
Management strategy of the government of Indonesia in handling the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Mukhtadi Mukhtadi , Prayitno Arief , El Harryy Putra Sang Fajar
Published: August 2021

This study is to find out how the Indonesian government's strategy in dealing with the Covid 19 pandemic over time since the discovery of covid 19. This research is qualitative, describes various related sources, and presents it about the management of pandemic covid 19 strategies. Since the covid 19 outbreak in Indonesia, various strategies have been carried out by the Indonesian government to protect its citizens from the pandemic covid 19 outbreak. Victims of covid 19, in Indonesia, have exceeded the threshold set by who (World Health Organisation) (Raoult 2021) is a common concern, the government is carrying out various strategies in addressing the pandemic covid 19. The purpose of this research is to let the public know the steps taken by the government and jointly responsible for overcoming the pandemic covid 19, because only with good cooperation can the Ovid 19 pandemic be overcome.
Biodiversity and Management Status of Charia beel in Northern Bangladesh
Authors: Chakraborty Binay , Labh S.N. , Rani R. , Bhattacharjee S.
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The aim is to study the condition of aquatic species in the Charia beel. A good management technique is developed for protecting biodiversity and productions of the beel in order to ensure food security.
Subjects and Methods: Primary data was developed by a semi-structured questionnaires and primary data was collected by field observation which comprised of selected area of the beel basin, survey of different fishing methods, conducted a series of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), applying Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) and Key Informant Interview (KII). Secondary data were collected from the Department of Fisheries (DoF), comprehensive literature review and internet sites. The code of IUCN was followed to categorize the status of the beel and to compare the trend among different years Shannon index was followed.
Results: A total number of 91 species (83 wild fishes, four prawns, one crab, one snail, and four species of turtles) belonging to 65 genera were identified from the Charia beel. About 10 types of operative fishing gear and craft were found in the river. The increasing rate of using current jal (20.50-30.50%) and Kapuri jal (14.60-18.00%) were identified as detrimental gear used to kill the different species during four years. A common increasing trend of using current jaal, Kapuri jaal (seine net) and FAD (Fish aggregating device) were identified as detrimental gear killing different species between 2016 and 2019. The fish productivity decreased dramatically from 184.52± 55.04 to 141.65± 57.66 mt within four years and the total production percentage (%) also sharply decreased from 8.88% mt to 23.23% over the same period.
Conclusion: Commercially important 06  aquatic species namely Sarpunti (Puntius sarana), Napit (Badis badis), Gajar (Channa marulius) and Turtles (Kachuga tecta,Morenia petersi and Lissemys punctata) were regional extinct, 18 commercially important aquatic species were at the edge of extinction (critically endangered, CR), 35 species endangered (EN),  23 species vulnerable status (VU), five species were identified as lower risk (LR) and only four species of the river were not threatened (NT) in position between 2016 and 2019 in the this beel.
Car-T Cell Therapy: Current Advances and Future Research Possibilities
Authors: Ahmed Manal Mohamed Elsayed
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The aim is to review the current advances in designing safer and more efficient CAR-T cells and discuss the future research possibilities for the treatment of both hematological malignancies and solid tumors.
Study Design: An extensive review was carried out on the basic structure of CARS, current advances to design safer and more efficient CAR-T cells, and future research possibilities for the treatment of both hematological malignancies and solid tumors.
Results: Encouragement of chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy as one of adoptive immunotherapy is increasingly important in recent years. Its preparation is based on the genetic modification of individual T cells. The innovation of the functional intracellular signaling domain is a critical part of the genetically modified T cells and requires a long journey of development that has resulted in several improvements in the safety and effectiveness of CAR-T cells. CAR-T cell therapy can be modified rapidly and has great and strong application potential according to a large number of global clinical trials. This article briefly describes the basic structure and design of CARs and discusses current trends in the development of safer and more efficient CAR-T cells for the treatment of both hematological and solid malignancies and looks forward to future research possibilities.
Conclusion: It is concluded that conclude that the prospect of this technology lies in CAR-T cell engineering which can overcome aggressive TMEs and recruiting an endogenous tumor response. The final task for researchers in this field is to carry out clinical trials and secure the funding needed to complete their clinical trials. This immunotherapy continues to progress and more records of successful malignancy eradication occur.
In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Hibiscus Asper Hook. F. and Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. on some Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Arogbodo Joseph Olowo , Faluyi Oyetayo Bolanle , Igbe Festus Omotere
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The study aims to assess the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of Hibiscus asper and Hibiscus sabdariffa against eight bacterial isolates.
Materials and Methods:  An in vitro Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of the two plants against eight nosocomical and pathogenic bacteria viz; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Proteus vulgaris (PVU), Klebsiella aerogenes (KAE), Staphylococcus aureus (SAU), Bacillus cereus (BCE), Escherichia coli (ECO), Moraxella catarrhalis (MCA) and Salmonella typhi (STY) was carried out using agar well diffusion assay with the concentration range of 3.13 – 100 mg/mL.
Results: H. asper and H. sabdariffa showed significant difference (p< 0.05) in antimicrobial activity against BCE over the rest of the isolates. Inhibition zone diameters exhibited by the isolates to ethanolic leaf extract of H. asper was in descending order of BCE (15.00 ± 1.00a) >ECO (11.67 ± 0.58b) >SAU (7.67 ± 0.58c) >PAE (6.67 ± 0.58d) >STY (5.67 ± 0.58e) while that of H. sabdariffa was in the order BCE (15.33 ± 1.15a) > MCA (11.33 ± 1.15b) > SAU (11.00 ± 1.00bc) > KAE (9.67 ± 0.58c) > PAE (8.00 ± 1.00d) >PVU (7.67 ± 0.57e). PVU, KAE and MCA were resistant to the extract of H. asper while only STY was resistant to that of H. sabdariffa.
Conclusion: H. sabdariffa extract demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity against the selected bacterial isolates than H. asper. However, the two extracts minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) ranged from 25 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. This is worthy of further exploration by pharmacological industries in the formulation of potent broad spectrum antibiotics for combating the present health challenge due to antimicrobial resistance.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SCRUM COMO METODOLOGIA ÁGIL PARA A OTIMIZAÇÃO DA GESTÃO DE PROJETOS NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES
Authors: Carvalho Dantas Jefferson
Published: August 2021

Trabalho apresentado sobre a utilização do método ágil como forma de otimizar a gestão de projetos e processos. Entre as tarefas o estudo apresentado foi à utilização do SCRUM, com o seu guia, consultando o Guia Ágil e o PMBOK do Project Management Institute (PMI). Difundir os conceitos de Gestão Ágil e trazer o entendimento do que é Product Back Log, Sprint Back Log, Product Owner, Scrum Master e um Time Scrum dentro de um projeto com base no Guia SCRUM, com mais artigos e livros do tema. Com uma experiência em empresas públicas e privadas o autor apresenta o método para efetivar o planejamento das organizações e o entendimento de como é importante à agilidade no gerenciamento de projetos e processos. Assim, observa-se que muitas organizações não possuem um método de trabalho. Até existe um Planejamento Estratégico, Missão, Visão, Princípios e Valores. Só que falta um método ágil para melhorar a produtividade na organização.
DUKUNGAN ADAPTASI BAGI GURU SMP DAN SMA DI SEKOLAH HATI SUCI
Authors: Wianto Joshua , Savitry Sembiring Pandia Weny
Published: August 2021

Guru merupakan profesi yang sering berhadapan dengan perubahan baik di dalam kelas, di luar kelas, maupun di ruang guru dengan sesama kolega. Namun, pandemi COVID-19 yang menyebabkan perubahan drastis pada pelaksanaan sekolah, membuat guru semakin memerlukan kemampuan beradaptasi, untuk bisa menghadapi perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi. Perubahan-perubahan yang dialami antara lain seperti perubahan metode instruksional, kebutuhan mempelajari teknologi, penyesuaian kurikulum, dan banyak hal lain terkait dengan pelaksanaan kelas. Selain teknis pelaksanaan kelas, pengurangan jumlah staf di sekolah akibat COVID-19 menyebabkan guru harus beradaptasi terhadap perubahan tugas dan tanggung jawab. Rasa dukacita akibat kehilangan orang-orang terdekat di masa pandemi juga dapat mempengaruhi kinerja guru secara negatif. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu kemampuan untuk secara konstruktif merespons terhadap perubahan, yakni adaptability. Adaptability berguna untuk menjaga motivasi guru ketika menghadapi tantangan, serta meningkatkan inisiatif untuk melakukan perubahan positif dalam berprofesi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan-perubahan yang dialami oleh guru SMP dan SMA di Sekolah Hati Suci selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan juga bertujuan untuk memahami respons guru terhadap perubahan yang terjadi, guna merancangkan program intervensi untuk mengembangkan respons yang optimal terhadap perubahan yang terjadi. Pemeriksaan terhadap kendala dan perubahan yang dialami oleh guru-guru dilakukan menggunakan metode wawancara, serta menggunakan google form berisi pertanyaan-pertanyaan terbuka terkait kendala yang dialami oleh guru. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari 10 partisipan, ditemukan beberapa sumber kendala yaitu kedukaan karena meninggalnya ketua yayasan, pemberhentian kolega guru di masa pandemi, serta kebutuhan menyesuaikan diri dengan pembelajaran daring.
Fabrication of Low Cost Refrigeration System by using LPG
Authors: Shahare Utsav , Yadav Krishna , Dongre Viraj , Umre Aryan , Gajbhiye Kalpesh , Bhaisare Yugal
Published: August 2021

We created and analysed a refrigerator that uses LPG as a refrigerant in this project. LPG is offered in high pressure cylinders. When this high-pressure LPG gas passes through a capillary tube with a tiny internal diameter, the pressure drops due to expansion, and the LPG phase shifts in an isoenthalpic process. The liquid refrigerant gains latent heat when its phase changes from liquid to gas, and the temperature drops. LPG can generate a cooling effect in this manner.
Urban informality in the Global North: a view from Los Angeles
Authors: Kwak Nancy H.
Published: August 2021

Urban informality is often discussed and debated by scholars of cities in the Global South, but the term is used with much less frequency in studies of US cities. Looking at the daily functions of American cities, however, it is clear informality plays just as central a role in the US as in other cities around theworld, whether in the housing sector, jobs, or land use. This article will discuss the longer historical arc leading to the present day with a focus on specific historical moments in Los Angeles history. I begin with the emergence of formalization and land titles in an era of colonization, continuing to a discussion of early-twentieth century land rights specifically in the communities of Chavez Ravine, and end with an exploration of urban informality in Skid Row.