bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Birds' Collision Risk with Wind Turbines Using a Multidimensional Utilization Distribution Method
Authors: Khosravifard Sam , Skidmore Andrew K. , Naimi Babak , Venus Valentijn , Muñoz Antonio R. , Toxopeus Albertus G.
Published: January 2020

Renewable energy plays a key role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the expansion of wind farms has raised concerns about risks for bird collisions. We tested different methods used to understand whether birds' flight occurs over wind turbines and found kernel density estimators outperform other methods. Previous studies using kernel utilization distribution (KUD) have considered only the 2 horizontal dimensions (2D). However, if altitude is ignored, an unrealistic depiction of the situation may result because birds move in 3 dimensions (3D). We quantified the 3D space use of the Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) in El Estrecho natural park in Tarifa (southern Spain, on the northern shore of the Strait of Gibraltar) during 2012–2013, and, for the first time, their risk of collision with wind turbines in an area in the south of Spain. The 2D KUD showed a substantial overlap of the birds' flight paths with the wind turbines in the study area, whereas the 3D kernel estimate did not show such overlap. Our aim was to develop a new approach using 3D kernel estimation to understand the space use of soaring birds; these are killed by collision with wind turbines more often than any other bird types in southern Spain. We determined the probability of bird collision with an obstacle within its range. Other potential application areas include airfields, plane flight paths, and tall buildings. © 2020 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Sex and season predict wounds in zoo‐housed Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Cronin Katherine A. , Tank Amy , Ness Tom , Leahy Maureen , Ross Stephen R.
Published: January 2020

Japanese macaque societies are characterized by frequent intragroup conflict both in free‐ranging and zoo‐housed conditions. In zoos, understanding the factors that contribute to wounding is of interest because this knowledge can aid in proactive husbandry and management planning that can minimize the negative impacts wounding can have on individual welfare. This study sought to determine whether the variables sex, season and age predicted wounding rates. Data were collected for 24 months on 119 Japanese macaques living in 10 zoos, and we analyzed the contribution of variables using generalized linear mixed models. A total of 1,007 wounds were reported, and the best model included the interaction between sex and season. Follow‐up analyses revealed that females incurred more wounds than males, and this sex difference was more pronounced during the breeding compared to the nonbreeding season. On average, individuals received 4.67 (±SEM: 0.55) wounds per year and 77.31% of the population incurred at least one wound in the study period. The majority of wounds were superficial and did not require veterinary intervention. Wound locations were not randomly distributed across body regions and were most often reported on the face. Finally, macaques living in larger social groups experienced more wounds, on average. This study represents the first quantification of wounding in this species and may provide insight to help inform husbandry and management strategies in zoos.
Introduction
Authors: Machado Helena , Granja Rafaela
Published: January 2020

The introductory chapter offers a detailed description of the themes that the reader can expect to find in this book, and a discussion of the social and academic relevance of the role and use of forensic genetic technologies in the criminal justice system. This introductory chapter provides the key concepts for the discussion of how developments in the application of forensic genetics can be understood as part of wider shifts in how the governance of criminality is enacted and made visible through the symbolic power invested in science and technology.
Conclusion
Authors: Machado Helena , Granja Rafaela
Published: January 2020

This chapter succinctly summarizes the contents presented in the book, highlighting the main arguments. In particular, we revisit the various modalities and roles of forensic genetics in the governance of crime in contemporary societies. Additionally, we reflect upon paths for the future of research in the field of the social studies of forensic genetics.
Measurement of the e+e−→ ηπ+π− cross section with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 collider
Authors:   CMD-3 collaboration, Gribanov S. S. , Popov A. S. , Akhmetshin R. R. , Amirkhanov A. N. , Anisenkov A. V. , Aulchenko V. M. , Banzarov V. Sh. , Bashtovoy N. S. , Berkaev D. E. , Bondar A. E. , Bragin A. V. , Eidelman S. I. , Epifanov D. A. , Epshteyn L. B. , Erofeev A. L. , Fedotovich G. V. , Gayazov S. E. , Grancagnolo F. J. , Grebenuk A. A. , Grigoriev D. N. , Ignatov F. V. , Ivanov V. L. , Karpov S. V. , Kazanin V. F. , Kirpotin A. N. , Koop I. A. , Korobov A. A. , Kovalenko O. A. , Kozyrev A. N. , Kozyrev E. A. , Krokovny P. P. , Kuzmenko A. E. , Kuzmin A. S. , Logashenko I. B. , Lukin P. A. , Mikhailov K. Yu. , Okhapkin V. S. , Otboev A. V. , Pestov Yu. N. , Razuvaev G. P. , Rogovsky Yu. A. , Ruban A. A. , Ryskulov N. M. , Ryzhenenkov A. E. , Semenov A. V. , Senchenko A. I. , Shatunov Yu. M. , Shatunov P. Yu. , Shebalin V. E. , Shemyakin D. N. , Shwartz B. A. , Shwartz D. B. , Sibidanov A. L. , Solodov E. P. , Titov V. M. , Talyshev A. A. , Tolmachev S. S. , Vorobiov A. I. , Zemlyansky I. M. , Yudin Yu. V.
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The cross section of the process e
+
e

−

→ ηπ
+
π

−
is measured using the data collected with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 collider in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.1 to 2.0 GeV. The decay mode η → γγ is used for η meson reconstruction in the data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 78.3 pb
−1. The energy dependence of the e
+
e

−

→ ηπ
+
π

−
cross section is fitted within the framework of vector meson dominance in order to extract the Γ(ρ(1450) → e
+
e

−
)

$$ \mathcal{B} $$

B

(ρ(1450) → ηπ
+
π

−
) and the Γ(ρ(1700) → e
+
e

−
)

$$ \mathcal{B} $$

B

(ρ(1700) → ηπ
+
π

−
) products. Based on conservation of vector current, the analyzed data are used to test the relationship between the e
+
e

−

→ ηπ
+
π

−
cross section and the spectral function in τ

−

→ ηπ

−

π
0
ντ decay. The e
+
e

−

→ ηπ
+
π

−
cross section obtained with the CMD-3 detector is in good agreement with the previous measurements.
Effective field theory approach to lepton number violating decays K±→ π∓l±l±: short-distance contribution
Authors: Liao Yi , Ma Xiao-Dong , Wang Hao-Lin
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This is the first paper of our systematic efforts on lepton number violating (LNV) hadronic decays in the effective field theory approach. These decays provide information complementary to popular nuclear neutrinoless double-β (0νββ) decay in that they can probe LNV interactions involving heavier quarks and charged leptons. We may call them hadronic 0νββ decays in short, though β refers to all charged leptons. In this work we investigate the decays K

±

→ π

∓

l

±

l

±
that arise from short-distance or contact interactions involving four quark fields and two charged lepton fields, which have canonical dimension nine (dim-9) at leading order in low energy effective field theory (LEFT). We make a complete analysis on the basis of all dim-9 operators that violate lepton number by two units, and compute their one-loop QCD renormalization effects. We match these effective interactions in LEFT to those in chiral perturbation theory (χPT) for pseudoscalar mesons, and determine the resulting hadronic low energy constants (LECs) by chiral symmetry and lattice results in the literature. The obtained decay rate is general in that all physics at and above the electroweak scale is completely parameterized by the relevant Wilson coefficients in LEFT and hadronic LECs in χPT. Assuming the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) is the appropriate effective field theory between some new physics scale and the electroweak scale, we match our LEFT results to SMEFT whose leading effective interactions arise from LNV dim-7 operators. This connection to SMEFT simplifies significantly the interaction structures entering in the kaon decays, and we employ the current experimental bounds to set constraints on the relevant Wilson coefficients in SMEFT.
AdS3 solutions in massive IIA with small $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (4, 0) supersymmetry
Authors: Lozano Yolanda , Macpherson Niall T. , Nunez Carlos , Ramirez Anayeli
Published: January 2020

Abstract

We study AdS3 x S 2 solutions in massive IIA that preserve small

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= (4, 0) supersymmetry in terms of an SU(2)-structure on the remaining internal space. We find two new classes of solutions that are warped products of the form AdS3 x S2 x M4 x ℝ. For the first, M4=CY2 and we find a generalisation of a D4-D8 system involving possible additional branes. For the second, M4 need only be Kahler, and we find a generalisation of the T-dual of solutions based on D3-branes wrapping curves in the base of an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau 3-fold. Within these classes we find many new locally compact solutions that are foliations of AdS3 x S2 x CY2 over an interval, bounded by various D brane and O plane behaviours. We comment on how these local solutions may be used as the building blocks of infinite classes of global solutions glued together with defect branes. Utilising T-duality we find two new classes of AdS3 x S3 x M4 solutions in liB. The first backreacts D5s and KK monopoles on the D1-D5 near horizon. The second is a generalisation of the solutions based on D3-branes wrapping curves in the base of an elliptically fibered CY3 that includes non trivial 3-form flux.
Higgs Boson studies at future particle colliders
Authors: de Blas J. , Cepeda M. , D’Hondt J. , Ellis R.K. , Grojean C. , Heinemann B. , Maltoni F. , Nisati A. , Petit E. , Rattazzi R. , Verkerke W.
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This document aims to provide an assessment of the potential of future colliding beam facilities to perform Higgs boson studies. The analysis builds on the submissions made by the proponents of future colliders to the European Strategy Update process, and takes as its point of departure the results expected at the completion of the HL-LHC program. This report presents quantitative results on many aspects of Higgs physics for future collider projects of sufficient maturity using uniform methodologies.
One-Sided Invertibility of Toeplitz Operators on the Space of Real Analytic Functions on the Real Line
Authors: Jasiczak M. , Golińska A.
Published: January 2020

We show that a Toeplitz operator on the space of real analytic functions on the real line is left invertible if and only if it is an injective Fredholm operator, it is right invertible if and only if it is a surjective Fredholm operator. The characterizations are given in terms of the winding number of the symbol of the operator. Our results imply that the range of a Toeplitz operator (and also its adjoint) is complemented if and only if it is of finite codimension. Similarly, the kernel of a Toeplitz operator (and also its adjoint) is complemented if and only if it is of finite dimension.
Toward the 1-cm Galileo orbits: challenges in modeling of perturbing forces
Authors: Bury Grzegorz , Sośnica Krzysztof , Zajdel Radosław , Strugarek Dariusz
Published: January 2020

Precise orbit determination demands knowledge of perturbing forces acting on the satellites of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The metadata published by the European GNSS Agency for the Galileo satellites allow for the composition of the analytical box-wing model dedicated for coping with the direct solar radiation pressure (SRP), albedo, and infrared radiation (IR). Based on the box-wing model, we evaluated both the magnitude and the characteristic periods of accelerations caused by all the aforementioned forces. We assess which perturbations can be absorbed by the extended Empirical CODE Orbit Model (ECOM2) and what are the consequences of neglecting higher-order ECOM2 coefficients. In order to evaluate the impact of SRP, albedo, IR, and the navigation antenna thrust, we perform a series of precise Galileo orbit determination strategies for Galileo In-Orbit-Validation (IOV), Full Operational Capability (FOC), and two FOC satellites launched into eccentric orbits. The proposed box-wing model is capable of absorbing approximately 97% of the SRP in the Sun-satellite direction, whereas the rest can be mitigated by an additionally estimated small set of empirical parameters. The purely physical box-wing model does not fully handle satellite misorientation and re-radiation effects, such as Y-bias, solar panel rotation lag, that is the misalignment causing a constant acceleration perpendicular to the solar panel axis and the direction to the Sun. However, the box-wing model is especially crucial in terms of the absorption of the higher-order terms of SRP and stabilizes the orbit solutions during the eclipsing periods. Based on the SLR residual analysis, we found a systematic effect at the level up to 50 mm resulting from the omission of the high-order empirical orbit coefficients. We also found that the impact of the albedo, IR, and transmitter antenna thrust on the Galileo orbits reach the level of 5, 14, and 20 mm, respectively. Eventually, we obtain the overall accuracy of the Galileo-FOC orbits at the level of 22.5 mm, even for the eclipsing period for the solution which considers the box-wing model with the estimation of the constant empirical accelerations.
Visual motion sensitivity in descending neurons in the hoverfly
Authors: Nicholas Sarah , Leibbrandt Richard , Nordström Karin
Published: January 2020

Many animals use motion vision information to control dynamic behaviors. For example, flying insects must decide whether to pursue a prey or not, to avoid a predator, to maintain their current flight trajectory, or to land. The neural mechanisms underlying the computation of visual motion have been particularly well investigated in the fly optic lobes. However, the descending neurons, which connect the optic lobes with the motor command centers of the ventral nerve cord, remain less studied. To address this deficiency, we describe motion vision sensitive descending neurons in the hoverflyEristalis tenax. We describe how the neurons can be identified based on their receptive field properties, and how they respond to moving targets, looming stimuli and to widefield optic flow. We discuss their similarities with previously published visual neurons, in the optic lobes and ventral nerve cord, and suggest that they can be classified as target-selective, looming sensitive and optic flow sensitive, based on these similarities. Our results highlight the importance of using several visual stimuli as the neurons can rarely be identified based on only one response characteristic. In addition, they provide an understanding of the neurophysiology of visual neurons that are likely to affect behavior.
Should MMMT still be treated with adjuvant taxane-based combination chemotherapy?
Authors: Heinzelmann-Schwarz Viola , Kind André B. , Vetter Marcus , Russell Kenneth , Omar Siti , Schoetzau Andreas , Hoeck Kerstin , Fink Daniel , Friedlander Michael L. , Hacker Neville F.
Published: January 2020

Background

Malignant mixed Mullerian tumors of endometrial (MMMT-E) and ovarian (MMMT-O) origin are associated with poor prognosis. Suggestively epithelial-driven tumors, their treatment has shifted from anthracycline or ifosfamide-based towards taxane-based chemotherapy. It remains unclear whether this change associates with better outcomes.

Patients and methods

A conjoined Australian and Swiss patient cohort of MMMT-E (N = 103) and MMMT-O (N = 17) was compared to patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (EC, N = 172) and ovary (OC, N = 189). Clinicopathological characteristics, FIGO stage, first-line treatment, and patient outcomes were analyzed. The generated hypothesis was verified in an US-American cohort with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC, N = 1290) and MMMT-O (N = 450) using immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing.

Results

Early stage I/II MMMT-E showed a survival plateau after 2.5 years, with no recurrence or death observed afterwards. Relapse-free survival was significantly worse in MMMT-E treated with platinum/taxanes (P = 0.024) compared to non-taxane regimen. Hypothesizing that also MMMT-O might benefit from an adjuvant non-paclitaxel regimen, a second independent cohort of MMMT-O and HGSOC patients was examined. p53 mutations dominated in both cancers with comparable frequency. PI3KCA and KRAS mutations were less frequent: they were more frequent in MMMT-O than in HGSOC (P = 0.015 and P = 0.018, respectively). MMMT-O responded better to a combination of carboplatin with anthracyclines than with taxanes (73.9% vs. 39.4%).

Conclusion

Early stage I/II MMMT-E patients have excellent prognosis if no recurrence has appeared within the first 2.5 years. In MMMT-E, platinum/anthracycline or ifosfamide regimen associated with better outcomes than platinum/taxanes regimens. This might also apply to MMMT-O.
Laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for perforated low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms
Authors: Abudeeb Haytham , Selvasekar Chelliah R. , O’Dwyer Sarah T. , Chakrabarty Bipasha , Malcolmson Lee , Renehan Andrew G. , Wilson Malcolm S. , Aziz Omer
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is an established treatment for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) from perforated low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN II). In a selected group of LAMN II patients without established PMP, CRS/HIPEC can be performed laparoscopically (L-CRS/HIPEC); however the short-term benefits and safety of this approach have yet to be determined. This study aims to determine the short-term outcomes from a series of L-CRS/HIPEC LAMN II patients compared to those who have undergone a similar open operation (O-CRS/HIPEC) for low-volume PMP.

Methods

LAMN II patients undergoing L-CRS/HIPEC at a UK national peritoneal tumour centre were compared to O-CRS/HIPEC patients (peritoneal cancer index ≤ 7). Outcomes of interest included Clavien–Dindo complication grade, operative time, blood transfusions, high dependency unit (HDU) admission, length of hospital stay, and histopathological findings.

Results

55 L-CRS/HIPEC were compared to 29 O-CRS/HIPEC patients (2003–2017). Groups were matched for age, sex, and procedures. Median operative time was 8.8 (IQR 8.1–9.5) h for L-CRS/HIPEC versus 7.3 (IQR 6.7–8) h for O-CRS/HIPEC (Mann–Whitney test p < 0.001). Post-operative HDU admission was 56% versus 97% (OR 0.04 95% CI 0.01–0.34) and median length of stay = 6 (IQR 5–8) versus 10 (IQR 8–11) days (p < 0.001) for L- versus O-CRS/HIPEC. Despite a normal pre-operative CT scan, 13/55 (23.6%) L-CRS/HIPEC patients had acellular mucin and 2/55 (3.5%) had mucin with epithelium present in their specimens. Residual appendix tumour was identified in 2/55 patients (3.6%). Clavien–Dindo Grade 1–4 complications were similar in both groups with no mortality.

Conclusion

L-CRS/HIPEC for LAMN II takes longer; however patients have significantly reduced length of HDU and overall stay, without increased post-operative complications. A significant proportion of LAMN II patients undergoing L-CRS/HIPEC have extra-appendiceal acellular mucin with some cases demonstrating residual cellular epithelium from the LAMN II. The risk of these patients developing PMP without surgery is under current review.
Transpancreatic biliary sphincterotomy for biliary access is safe also on a long-term scale
Authors: Koskensalo Vilja , Udd Marianne , Rainio Mia , Halttunen Jorma , Sipilä Matias , Lindström Outi , Kylänpää Leena
Published: January 2020

Background

Transpancreatic biliary sphincterotomy (TPBS) is an advanced cannulation method for accessing common bile duct (CBD) in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). If CBD cannulation is difficult, an endoscopist can open the septum between the pancreatic and biliary duct with a sphincterotome to gain access. Long-term results of this procedure are unclear. We wanted to evaluate the short- and long-term complications of TPBS on patients with native papilla and benign indication for ERCP.

Patients and Methods

ERCPs performed in Helsinki University Hospital between 2007 and 2013 were reviewed. The study group comprised 143 consecutive patients with TPBS and 140 controls (CG). Data were collected from patient records and a phone survey was performed as a follow-up ≥ 4 years after the index ERCP.

Results

Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) developed in seven patients (4.9%) in TPBS and one patient (0.7%) in CG (p = 0.067). The rates of other acute complications were similar between the groups. ERCP ended with no access to CBD in four cases (2.8%) in TPBS. The median length of follow-up was 6 years in TPBS and 7 years in CG. During this period, three patients (2.1%) in TPBS and six patients (4.3%) in CG suffered from acute pancreatitis (AP) (p = 0.238). One (0.7%) patient in CG and none in TPBS developed chronic pancreatitis (CP). Abdominal pain was suffered by ten patients (6.9%) in TPBS and twelve patients (8.6%) in CG daily, whereas by six patients (4.2%) in TPBS and twelve patients (8.6%) in CG weekly.

Conclusion

TPBS is a useful procedure, with acceptable complication rates. No significant difference occurred between the groups when evaluating the short-term or long-term complications with a follow-up period of four to 10 years. Additionally, no significant differences occurred in upper abdominal pain, episodes of AP, or development of CP.
Prone single-position extreme lateral interbody fusion (Pro-XLIF): preliminary results
Authors: Lamartina Claudio , Berjano Pedro
Published: January 2020

Background

Single-position options for combined anterior and posterior fusion in the lumbar spine have been suggested to reduce the surgical time and improve the efficiency of operating room. Previous reports have focused on lateral decubitus single-position surgery. The goal of this study is to describe and evaluate the feasibility and safety of prone single-position extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) with posterior fixation.

Methods

Design Pilot prospective non-randomized controlled study. Seven patients who underwent prone single-position XLIF and posterior fixation were evaluated (Pro-XLIF). A control group (Std-XLIF) was composed of ten patients who underwent XLIF in lateral decubitus and posterior fixation in prone position. All patients underwent interbody XLIF fusion at one level and posterior procedures at one or more levels. Duration of surgery, blood loss, complications, X-ray use and clinical outcomes were recorded.

Results

No major complications were observed in either group. Oswestry Disability Index, back pain and leg pain were improved in the Pro-XLIF group from 48.5, 7.7 and 8.5 to 14.5, 1.71 and 2.71, respectively, and in the Std-XLIF group from 50.8, 5.7 and 7.2 to 22.5, 3.7 and 2.5. The Pro-XLIF group had a longer time of preparation before incision (39 vs 26 min, ns), equal duration of the anterior procedure (65 vs 59 min, ns), shorter duration of surgery (133 vs 182 min, ns) and longer X-ray exposure time (102 vs 92 s, ns). The surgical technique is described.

Conclusions

Prone single-position XLIF is feasible and safe. In this preliminary report, the results are comparable to the standard technique.

Graphic abstract

These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
A simplex algorithm for rational cp-factorization
Authors: Dutour Sikirić Mathieu , Schürmann Achill , Vallentin Frank
Published: January 2020

In this paper we provide an algorithm, similar to the simplex algorithm, which determines a rational cp-factorization of a given matrix, whenever the matrix allows such a factorization. This algorithm can be used to show that every integral completely positive $$2 \times 2$$

2
×
2

matrix has an integral cp-factorization.
Enhancement of NADPH availability for coproduction of coenzyme Q10 and farnesol from Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Authors: Xu Man , Wu Hongxuan , Shen Peijie , Jiang Xianzhang , Chen Xueduan , Lin Jinxin , Huang Jianzhong , Qi Feng
Published: January 2020

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)—an essential cofactor in the respiratory electron transport chain—has important pharmaceutical and healthcare applications. Farnesol (FOH)—an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol—has garnered interest owing to its valuable clinical and medical benefits. Here, the coproduction of CoQ10 and FOH in Rhodobacter sphaeroides GY-2 was greatly improved through the enhancement of intracellular NADPH availability. Transcription of pgi, gdhA, and nuocd was, respectively, inhibited using RNA interference to reduce intracellular NAD(P)H consumption. Moreover, zwf, gnd, and zwf + gnd were overexpressed to enhance the pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in improved NADPH availability in most metabolically engineered R. sphaeroides strains. RSg-pgi with RNAi of pgi combined with overexpression of gnd produced 55.05 mg/L FOH that is twofold higher than the parental strain GY-2, and 185.5 mg/L CoQ10 can be coproduced at the same time. In conclusion, improved carbon flux can be redirected toward NADPH-dependent biosynthesis through the enhancement of NADPH availability.
Europe-wide outbreaks of common voles in 2019
Authors: Jacob Jens , Imholt Christian , Caminero-Saldaña Constantino , Couval Geoffroy , Giraudoux Patrick , Herrero-Cófreces Silvia , Horváth Győző , Luque-Larena Juan José , Tkadlec Emil , Wymenga Eddy
Published: January 2020

Common voles (Microtus arvalis) are widespread in the European agricultural landscape from central Spain to central Russia. During population outbreaks, significant damage to a variety of crops is caused and the risk of pathogen transmission from voles to people increases. In 2019, increasing or unusually high common vole densities have been reported from several European countries. This is highly important in terms of food production and public health. Therefore, authorities, extension services and farmers need to be aware of the rapid and widespread increase in common voles and take appropriate measures as soon as possible. Management options include chemical and non-chemical methods. However, the latter are suitable only for small and valuable crops and it is recommended to increase efforts to predict common voles outbreaks and to develop and field test new and optimized management tools.
Multidisciplinary patient care in X‐linked hypophosphatemic rickets: one challenge, many perspectives
Authors: Raimann Adalbert , Mindler Gabriel T. , Kocijan Roland , Bekes Katrin , Zwerina Jochen , Haeusler Gabriele , Ganger Rudolf
Published: January 2020

X‑linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH, OMIM #307800) is a rare genetic metabolic disorder caused by dysregulation of fibroblast-like growth factor 23 (FGF23) leading to profound reduction in renal phosphate reabsorption. Impaired growth, severe rickets and complex skeletal deformities are direct consequences of hypophosphatemia representing major symptoms of XLH during childhood. In adults, secondary complications including early development of osteoarthritis substantially impair quality of life and cause significant clinical burden. With the global approval of the monoclonal FGF23 antibody burosumab, a targeted treatment with promising results in phase III studies is available for children with XLH. Nevertheless, complete phenotypic rescue is rarely achieved and remaining multisystemic symptoms demand multidisciplinary specialist care. Coordination of patient management within the major medical disciplines is a mainstay to optimize treatment and reduce disease burden. This review aims to depict different perspectives in XLH patient care in the setting of a multidisciplinary centre of expertise for rare bone diseases.
Quantifying the ill-conditioning of analytic continuation
Authors: Trefethen Lloyd N.
Published: January 2020

Analytic continuation is ill-posed, but becomes merely ill-conditioned (although with an infinite condition number) if it is known that the function in question is bounded in a given region of the complex plane. In an annulus, the Hadamard three-circles theorem implies that the ill-conditioning is not too severe, and we show how this explains the effectiveness of Chebfun and related numerical methods in evaluating analytic functions off the interval of definition. By contrast, we show that analytic continuation is far more ill-conditioned in a strip or a channel, with exponential loss of digits of accuracy at the rate $$\exp (-\pi x/2)$$

exp
(
-
π
x
/
2
)

as one moves along. The classical Weierstrass chain-of-disks method loses digits at the faster rate $$\exp (-ex)$$

exp
(
-
e
x
)

.
How Different Analysis and Interpolation Methods Affect the Accuracy of Ice Surface Elevation Changes Inferred from Satellite Altimetry
Authors: Strößenreuther Undine , Horwath Martin , Schröder Ludwig
Published: January 2020

Satellite altimetry has been widely used to determine surface elevation changes in polar ice sheets. The original height measurements are irregularly distributed in space and time. Gridded surface elevation changes are commonly derived by repeat altimetry analysis (RAA) and subsequent spatial interpolation of height change estimates. This article assesses how methodological choices related to those two steps affect the accuracy of surface elevation changes, and how well this accuracy is represented by formal uncertainties. In a simulation environment resembling CryoSat-2 measurements acquired over a region in northeast Greenland between December 2010 and January 2014, different local topography modeling approaches and different cell sizes for RAA, and four interpolation approaches are tested. Among the simulated cases, the choice of either favorable or unfavorable RAA affects the accuracy of results by about a factor of 6, and the different accuracy levels are propagated into the results of interpolation. For RAA, correcting local topography by an external digital elevation model (DEM) is best, if a very precise DEM is available, which is not always the case. Yet the best DEM-independent local topography correction (nine-parameter model within a 3,000 m diameter cell) is comparable to the use of a perfect DEM, which exactly represents the ice sheet topography, on the same cell size. Interpolation by heterogeneous measurement-error-filtered kriging is significantly more accurate (on the order of 50% error reduction) than interpolation methods, which do not account for heterogeneous errors.
Zeiten zum beruflichen Lernen: Eine empirische Untersuchung zum Zeitpunkt und der Dauer von Fortbildungsangeboten für Lehrkräfte
Authors: Richter Eric , Marx Alexandra , Huang Yizhen , Richter Dirk
Published: January 2020

Die Forschung zur Lehrerfortbildung weist darauf hin, dass zeitliche Einschränkungen eine Barriere für die Teilnahme an Fortbildungen darstellen. Insbesondere die Unvereinbarkeit der Arbeitszeit mit dem Zeitpunkt des Fortbildungsangebotes wird von Lehrkräften als hinderlich wahrgenommen. Welche zeitlichen Merkmale das Fortbildungsangebot für Lehrkräfte aufweist und ob diese im Zusammenhang mit der Fortbildungsteilnahme von Lehrkräften stehen, fand bisher wenig Berücksichtigung. Die vorliegende Studie verfolgt daher das Ziel, zeitliche Merkmale des Fortbildungsangebotes für Lehrkräfte zu beschreiben und ihre Vorhersagekraft für die Fortbildungsteilnahme zu untersuchen. Die Daten hierfür stammen aus der elektronischen Datenbank für Lehrerfortbildungen des Landes Brandenburg im akademischen Jahr 2016/2017. Der Datensatz umfasst 1330 schulexterne Lehrerfortbildungen staatlicher Anbieter. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Dauer und Zeitpunkt einer Fortbildungsveranstaltung prädiktiv für die Teilnahme der Lehrkräfte sind. Die Befunde erweitern damit den Diskurs zu Bedingungen des beruflichen Lernens von Lehrkräften und liefern Implikationen für eine passgenaue Fortbildungsplanung.
Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs: karst fault system
Authors: Song Zhao-Jie , Li Meng , Zhao Chuang , Yang Yu-Long , Hou Ji-Rui
Published: January 2020

Gas injection serves as a main enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir, but its effect differs among single wells and multi-well groups because of the diverse fractured-vuggy configuration. Many researchers conducted experiments for the observation of fluid flow and the evaluation of production performance, while most of their physical models were fabricated based on the probability distribution of fractures and caves in the reservoir. In this study, a two-dimensional physical model of the karst fault system was designed and fabricated based on the geological model of TK748 well group in the seventh block of the Tahe Oilfield. The fluid flow and production performance of primary gas flooding were discussed. Gas-assisted gravity flooding was firstly introduced to take full use of gas–oil gravity difference, and its feasibility in the karst fault system was examined. Experimental results showed that primary gas flooding created more flow paths and achieved a remarkable increment of oil recovery compared to water flooding. Gas injection at a lower location was recommended to delay gas breakthrough. Gas-assisted gravity flooding achieved more stable gas-displacing-oil because oil production was at a lower location, and thus, the oil recovery was further enhanced.
A lattice Boltzmann study of 2D steady and unsteady flows around a confined cylinder
Authors: Strniša Filip , Urbic Tomaz , Plazl Igor
Published: January 2020

In this work, the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method was applied to simulate incompressible steady and unsteady low Reynolds number (Re) flows around a confined cylinder. In the LB method, different collision models (Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook model, two-relaxation-time model, multi-relaxation-time model, and entropic lattice Boltzmann model) and a regularization model were used, and the results were compared. Numerical results pertaining to a two-dimensional flow around a cylinder are reported and compared with numerical and experimental data available in the literature. The results agree with the predictions made from the literature. A correlation for Strouhal number (St) for 55$$\le$$≤ Re $$\le$$≤300 is suggested.
An Assessment Method for Identifying Acceptable and Effective Ways to Present Demands to an Adult With Dementia
Authors: Williams Emma E. M. , Sharp Rebecca A. , Lamers Carolien
Published: January 2020

Simple instructions are often recommended for presenting demands to people with dementia; however, simple instructions may be perceived as authoritative and may not be appropriate for all individuals. We conducted a demand assessment with a woman with dementia who engaged in problem behaviors in response to direct instructions. We measured latency to compliance and verbal behavior when demands were presented as questions, rules, simple instructions, or demands embedded in social chatter. In contrast to the other conditions, simple instructions resulted in the most undesirable behavior and were least likely to evoke compliance. We conducted an intervention in which demands were phrased as requests for assistance.
Empirische Kapitalmarktforschung zu Conference Calls: Eine Literaturanalyse
Authors: Kaya Devrimi , Maier Christian , Böhmer Tobias
Published: January 2020

Conference Calls im Rahmen der Ergebnisberichterstattung haben sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten zu einem wichtigen Instrument der Offenlegung an Kapitalmärkten entwickelt. Dieser Beitrag analysiert die empirische Literatur zu den Determinanten und ökonomischen Konsequenzen von Conference Calls. Wir strukturieren unsere Literaturanalyse anhand von Themensträngen wie dem Zugang zu Conference Calls, der Teilnehmerpartizipation und den Kapitalmarktreaktionen. Zudem werden Studien analysiert, die das Phänomen Conference Call untersuchen, um wichtige Einblicke in den Informationsgehalt von Conference Calls und das Kommunikationsverhalten der Teilnehmer zu erhalten. Abschließend werden Anregungen für künftige Forschungsarbeiten gegeben. Gegenstand der Literaturanalyse bilden 49 Beiträge in international renommierten Zeitschriften aus den Jahren 1998 bis 2018.
Heavy metals in surface sediments of Lake Naivasha, Kenya: spatial distribution, source identification and ecological risk assessment
Authors: Olando Grace , Olaka Lydia A. , Okinda Philip O. , Abuom Paul
Published: January 2020

Heavy metals retained in sediments pose a threat to aquatic ecosystem and society. Knowledge of the status and sustainability of lake sediment in areas undergoing rapid economic development is scarce, and yet it is required in order to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development goals. We investigated heavy metal concentration in Lake Naivasha sediments using enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index (PLI), risk index (RI) and multivariate statistics to determine metal accumulation, distribution and the lake’s pollution status. Sediments sampling followed a grid approach, and seven heavy metals: Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn and Fe, were analyzed in total; concentrations were determined using portable X-ray fluorescence. The distribution maps were interpolated in a GIS platform, and the toxicity risk of sediments was determined. The concentrations of elements in the sediments are in the following decreasing order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Co > Pb. High concentration of heavy metals is found in the southern shoreline and east of the lake due to shoreline discharge and agricultural effluents drained into the lake and shoreline transgression. Pb and Zn are of anthropogenic origin, while Cu and Mn originate from both natural and anthropogenic sources and Fe and Co are from natural sources. In addition, the mean toxicity decreases in the order: Cu > Fe > Co > Pb > Zn > Mn > Cr. The PLI values were above one (> 1), indicating progressive deterioration of the sediment quality. Though the overall ecological risk of the lake is low to moderate (RI 36.73–60.51), hotspots of pollution should be marked for intervention. This assessment also helps to fill the knowledge gap required to formulate the right policies in implementing sustainable development goals in similar lakes.
Thinking beyond Privacy Calculus: Investigating Reactions to Customer Surveillance
Authors: Plangger Kirk , Montecchi Matteo
Published: January 2020

As interactive technologies become more pervasive, firms are increasingly conducting customer surveillance—the acquisition, usage, and storage of consumers’ personal data—more covertly and with fewer resources. Privacy calculus—the rational decision to disclose personal data—has dominated the literature to explain rational or calculated reactions to customer surveillance, however, not all reactions can be explained by rational processes. This article advances our understanding of these reactions beyond the privacy calculus concept by proposing attitudes toward customer surveillance. Based on levels of consumer privacy and consumer value concerns, these attitudes are associated with four archetypes—pragmatists, protectionists, capitalists, and apathists. By understanding these attitudes, researchers and managers can gain insight into the diversity of consumers’ concerns regarding both consumer privacy and consumer value in order to better explain observed marketplace behaviors.
A happy choice: wellbeing as the goal of government
Authors: FRIJTERS PAUL , CLARK ANDREW E. , KREKEL CHRISTIAN , LAYARD RICHARD
Published: January 2020

In this article, we lay out the basic case for wellbeing as the goal of government. We briefly review the history of this idea, which goes back to the ancient Greeks and was the acknowledged ideal of the Enlightenment. We then discuss possible measures on which a wellbeing orientation could be based, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging the political agency of citizens and thus their own evaluations of their lives. We then turn to practicalities and consequences: how would one actually set up wellbeing-oriented decision-making and what difference should we expect from current practice? We end by discussing the current barriers to the adoption of wellbeing as the goal of government, both in terms of what we need to know more about and where the ideological barriers lie.
Neurological Involvement in Glycogen Storage Disease Type IXa due to PHKA2 Mutation
Authors: Smith Chelsea ,   Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Dicaire Marie-Josée , Brais Bernard , La Piana Roberta
Published: January 2020

Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) result from the deficiency of enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis and breakdown into glucose. Mutations in the gene PHKA2 encoding phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 2 have been linked to GSD type IXa. We describe a family with two adult brothers with neonatal hepatosplenomegaly and later onset of hearing loss, cognitive impairment, and cerebellar involvement. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on both subjects and revealed a shared hemizygous missense variant (c.A1561G; p.T521A) in exon 15 of PHKA2. The phenotype broadens the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of GSD type IXa to include later onset neurological manifestations.
Outbreaks of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean species in vegetable crops in São Paulo and Paraná States, Brazil
Authors: Bello Vinicius Henrique , Watanabe Luís Fernando Maranho , Fusco Lucas Machado , De Marchi Bruno Rossitto , da Silva Felipe Barreto , Gorayeb Eduardo Silva , Moura Mônika Fecury , de Souza Isabela Morcilo , Muller Cristiane , Salas Fernando Javier Sanhueza , Yuki Valdir Atsushi , Bueno Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas , Pavan Marcelo Agenor , Krause-Sakate Renate
Published: January 2020

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most important agricultural pests and virus vectors worldwide. Bemisia tabaci is considered a complex of cryptic species with at least 44 species. Among them, the species Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1, formerly B biotype) and Mediterranean (MED, formerly Q biotype) are the most important, and they have attained global status. In Brazil, MEAM1 was first reported in the 1990s and is currently the predominant species in the country, meanwhile, MED was recently reported in the South and Southeast regions and was found to be mainly associated with ornamental plants. Currently, an increasing problem in the management of whitefly infestations in greenhouses associated with bell pepper was observed in São Paulo State, Brazil. The whiteflies were collected and identified based on a microsatellite locus (primer pair BEM23F and BEM23R) and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing. We observed that MED was the predominant species collected on bell pepper, but it was also found on tomato, cucumber, eggplant, and weeds grown in greenhouses. In open field, we found MED on tomatoes, bell peppers, and eggplants. In addition, MED was identified in Goiás State in association with ornamental plants. The begomovirus Tomato severe rugose virus and the crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus was detected on bell pepper and tomato, respectively. Only MED specimens were found associated with the virus-infected plants. Moreover, we also investigated the endosymbionts present in the MED whiteflies. The collected populations of B. tabaci MED harbored a diversity of secondary endosymbionts, with Hamiltonella (H) found predominantly in 89 specimens of the 129 tested. These results represent a new concern for Brazilian agriculture, especially for the management of the newly introduced whitefly MED species, which must be implemented to limit the spreading and establishment of this pest in different crops in this country.
Set in Stone? Predicting Confederate Monument Removal
Authors: Benjamin Andrea , Block Ray , Clemons Jared , Laird Chryl , Wamble Julian
Published: January 2020

Recent events have led to a renewed conversation surrounding the relevance and potential removal of Confederate monuments around the country, and several monuments have already been removed. However, we have little insight to explain why some monuments have been removed while others remain. This article seeks to understand the social and political determinants that can better explain the recent removal of Confederate monuments throughout the United States. Analyzing results from an original dataset of Confederate monuments, we identify which local government structures and racial and civic characteristics best predict the removal of these monuments. Ultimately, although we find that other factors contribute to monument removal, the size of the black population, the presence of a National Association for the Advancement of Colored People chapter, and the percentage of Democrats in a county in which a monument exists—as well as whether the monument exists in a state that constrains removal by legislative decree—best predict whether a Confederate monument will be taken down. This project elucidates the interplay of race, partisanship, and local and statewide politics as it relates to the dismantling of Confederate monuments.
Segmented Thrust Faulting: Example From the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lei Jinghao , Li Youli , Oskin Michael E. , Wang Yiran , Xiong Jianguo , Xin Weilin , Hu Xiu , Zhong Yuezhi , Liu Fei
Published: January 2020

Seismogenic faults are commonly composed of a series of segments, revealed by geometric barriers and along‐strike gradients in fault activity. At the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Minle‐Damaying Fault (MDF), bounding a portion of the eastern Qilian Shan, illustrates segmented paleoseismic behavior of a major seismogenic reverse fault. Field surveys, trench excavations, and drone‐surveyed topography along the MDF reveal scarps with diverse cumulative displacements. Multiple events, with timing constrained by radiocarbon dating, are identified by both trench exposures and analysis of deformed landforms. Both individual coseismic displacements and slip rates taper toward the ends, revealing repeated rupture of the western MDF segment. Not all events present at the center of this segment appear at sites closer to the fault tips, suggesting that some earthquakes did not everywhere rupture to the surface. Isolated rupture of the western segment would produce aMw7.0 earthquake. However, we cannot rule out correlation of some paleo‐earthquakes between two segments, corresponding to larger events. A cluster of two 7‐m slip events occurred on the eastern segment in the past 1,000 years, one of which may correspond to a multisegment event.
Risk-adjusted/neuroprotective care services in the NICU: the elemental role of the neonatal therapist (OT, PT, SLP)
Authors: Craig Jenene W. , Smith Catherine R.
Published: January 2020

Infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) require carefully designed risk-adjusted management encompassing a broad spectrum of neonatal subgroups. Key components of an optimal neuroprotective healing NICU environment are presented to support consistent quality of care delivery across NICU settings and levels of care. This article presents a perspective on the role of neonatal therapists—occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech–language pathologists—in the provision of elemental risk-adjusted neuroprotective care services. In alignment with professional organization competency recommendations from these disciplines, a broad overview of neonatal therapy services is described. Recognizing the staffing budget as one of the more difficult challenges hospital department leaders face, the authors present a formula-based approach to address staff allocations for neonatal therapists working in NICU settings. The article has been reviewed and endorsed by the National Association of Neonatal Therapists, National Association of Neonatal Nurses, and the National Perinatal Association.