bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability on System Architecture using Airbus MBPLE for MOFLT Framework
Authors: Madeira Raphael Henrique , de Sousa Pinto Davi Henrique , Forlingieri Marco
Published: August 2023

Model‐Based Product Line Engineering (MBPLE) and Variability Management are key enablers of Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). A MBSE Architecture Framework based on the SysML language has been developed at Airbus Group Level: R‐MOFLT ‐ Requirements, Mission, Operational, Functional, Logical, Technical Analysis. MBPLE4MOFLT is a feature‐based product line engineering framework based on the ISO 26580 (2021) standard, extending R‐MOFLT. This paper defines the methodological foundations of the Airbus MBPLE4MOFLT framework and provides insights into its application in practice.
Balancing Digital Forensic Investigation with Cybersecurity for Heavy Vehicle Traffic Crashes
Authors: Rayno Mars , Daily Jeremy
Published: August 2023

After a traffic crash event, traffic crash investigators collect evidence and data to assist in reconstructing the events to determine crash causation. Some of the data collected in a crash investigation is in the form of digital data from event data recorders built into the electronic control units in the vehicles. Occasionally, traffic crashes are severe enough to destroy the typical network‐based communications protocols to extract the digital forensic data. In these cases, more invasive techniques of gathering forensic data through in‐circuit programming ports or direct reading of data bearing memory chips is needed. While a digital forensic investigation satisfies a virtuous need for society in determining the truth of a traffic crash, the same techniques can be applied by nefarious actors interested in stealing intellectual property (IP) from the same data bearing chips. The exposure of the executable binary containing the IP of the manufacturer has prompted auto makers and suppliers to eliminate access to these sources of digital forensic data by disabling the Joint Task Action Group (JTAG) instrumentation and obfuscating or encrypting the binary data. Herein lies the purpose of this paper, which is to take a systems engineering approach to balance the needs and requirements for a manufacturer to provide sufficient forensic artifacts in the case of an investigation while improving their cybersecurity posture and limiting their exposure to the theft of intellectual property or cyberat‐tack.

An activity diagram is presented to show a system model for responding to and investigating a crash event. These activities inform the needs of an improved event data recorder technologies that contain information necessary to reconstruct the crash. Some proposed top level system requirements are presented with a discussion of how they satisfy the needs of the manufacturer and the crash investigator. Specific requirements of recorded data give a notion of a minimal set of recorded data to help investigators. These requirements will improve both the availability and adequacy of forensic data needed for crash event reconstruction. In addition, a separate requirement governing the preservation of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) proprietary software is made, such that their intellectual property is protected to encourage the requirement compliance. Finally, a discussion of how the proposed requirements help determine if a crash event was a result of a cyber‐attack demonstrates the important nature of addressing these needs in future systems.
Model‐Based Cyber Security at the Enterprise and Systems Level
Authors: Brooks Mitchell , Hause Matthew
Published: August 2023

Model‐Based Engineering (MBE) has transformed the worlds of mechanical, electrical, chemical, software, systems engineering, and now cybersecurity. Model based cybersecurity allows this concern to be addressed as an integrated part of the solution as opposed to being a separate solution. To best take advantage of this, we must examine which modeling practices, languages, and standards are best suited to handle cybersecurity. Currently, UAF is the most effective tool being used to provide Model‐Based Cyber Security at the Enterprise and Systems Level. It achieves this largely through its integrated security viewpoint as well as by facilitating capability‐based engineering. Furthermore, it allows modelers to integrate with other cybersecurity‐focused modeling tools to include cybersecurity in the digital thread. The INCOSE Future of Systems Engineering (FuSE) Initiative defined 12 key concepts including “Capability‐Based Security Engineering” and “Security as a Functional Requirement.” This paper discusses these FuSE concepts and demonstrates how they can be effectively realized via the use of UAF and shows how UAF coupled with complementary tools and standards provides powerful verification and validation capabilities. Note that this paper is derived from INCOSE Insight articles Brooks, Hause (2022) and Hause, Brooks (2022) published in a special issue on FuSE Security. References are included below.
Toward Systems Engineering Meta‐Methodology
Authors: Mordecai Yaniv
Published: August 2023

A significant portion of Systems Engineering research deals with building methodologies, methods, frameworks, techniques, and tools for performing various systems engineering activities, which are arguably better than legacy ones. However, there is no clear guidance for systems engineering methodology building. In fact, there is barely any guidance about how to build methodology for anything. Systems researchers must practice what they preach – a systems approach – even in the very process of designing systems engineering systems and methods. This paper is a step toward forming a consolidated body of knowledge on systems methodology building – conception, design, construction, evaluation, and deployment – indeed much like the way we build systems. While some aspects of this methodology may seem intuitive, we introduce several insights that may be useful for informing researchers about the fundamentals of methodological research, as well as about the appropriate justification of such research.
Systems Engineering Approach for the SPHEREx Telescope Mission
Authors: Alibay Farah , Bottom Heather , Hutchinson Leina , Rocca Jennifer
Published: August 2023

The Spectro‐Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx) was selected in 2019 as a NASA Astrophysics Medium Class Explorer mission to perform the first infrared all‐sky spectral survey. The mission consists of a single wide field of view telescope mounted on top of a Ball Configurable Platform (BCP) spacecraft bus. Over the course of its two‐year mission, the SPHEREx observatory will perform four all‐sky surveys and provide spectroscopic measurements of hundreds of millions of galaxies and a diversity of astronomical phenomena. SPHEREx is currently in phase C, post‐Critical Design Review (CDR) and is in the process of building and testing hardware in preparation for observatory Assembly, Test, and Integration (AI&T) in early 2024. The observatory is expected to launch on a Falcon 9 rocket no earlier than February 2025.

Project level systems engineering support is provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and oversees the technical development of the observatory and its ground operations. Systems engineers are staffed throughout all the systems and act as a key interface between the mission's many partners. This paper focuses on the systems engineering approach for the SPHEREx mission including its architecture, verification and validation methodology, and its risk and resource management approach.
Linking UAF and SysML Models: Achieving Alignment between Enterprise and System Architectures
Authors: Martin James N , Brookshier Daniel
Published: August 2023

The Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) is designed to facilitate the modeling of a system (at a high level) along with the driving enterprise objectives and strategies, operational activities and mission threads, capability objectives and roadmaps, and a variety of other considerations that apply to the system under development. However, when the system (or a collection of systems) is modeled using UAFML, there is a challenge in linking the UAF model to the corresponding system models created using SysML to ensure proper alignment is established and maintained between the Enterprise and System levels. This paper examines four alternative ways of achieving this alignment and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of each approach.
Effect of dual‐optical pulses with temporal energy distribution on laser ablation performance in in vivo zebrafish model
Authors: Shin Hwarang , Lee Yeachan , Hwang Junghyun , Lim Seonghee , Choi Jongman , Gong Seung Pyo , Kang Hyun Wook
Published: August 2023

A Q‐switched laser system has been used in a single‐pulse mode for skin melasma treatments because of instant heat deposition in the target. Despite the efficient ablation of the melanophores in the skin, the single, high‐fluence pulse often causes undesirable damage to the surrounding tissue, leading to high recurrence rates. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of dual‐optical pulses with a temporal energy distribution on the melasma treatment in in vivo zebrafish models in comparison to that of the single optical pulse. Based on the optical detection, the dual‐optical pulses had a temporal energy distribution ratio of 4:1 and an interval of 61 μs between the two consecutive pulses. According to the histological analysis, the dual pulses removed melanophores and induced a few apoptotic nuclei with minimal recurrence. This study demonstrated that the feasibility of dual‐optical pulses (energy ratio = 4:1) could enhance the laser ablation performance in vivo.
Pumpkin seed oil: a comprehensive review of extraction methods, nutritional constituents, and health benefits
Authors: Hu Zicong , Hu Chaofan , Li Yanpo , Jiang Qiaojun , Li Qunhe , Fang Cuilan
Published: August 2023

Pumpkin seed oil (PSO), a rich source of nutrients, is extracted from the seeds of different pumpkin varieties for food and medicines. This article aims to provide an evidence‐based review of the literature and to explore the extraction technologies, nutritional properties, and biological activity of PSO. From previous literature, PSO contains a large proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, with linoleic acid as the main component, and an amount of tocopherol, phytosterol, and phenolic acids. Some differences in the yield, composition, and physicochemical properties of PSO can be associated with the pumpkin's cultivars and the extraction methods. Some novel technologies involved in supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction, and ultrasound‐assisted extraction have been replacing the conventional technologies gradually as promising methods for the safe, non‐polluting, and effective recovery of PSO. This healthy vegetable oil was reported by several in vitro and in vivo studies to have potential protective roles in oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development and validation of high‐performance liquid chromatography method for determination of clarithromycin in pharmaceutical tablets
Authors: Mahmoudi Abdelghani , De Francia Silvia , Paul Prasanta
Published: August 2023

Clarithromycin is a very important macrolide antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in human and veterinary medicine. This study reports the development and validation of cost‐effective, simple, precise, accurate, and robust high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of clarithromycin (CLA) in tablets. Reversed‐phase chromatography was conducted using a standard column at 55°C with ultraviolet detection at 215 nm. A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile –2‐methyl‐2‐propanol –potassium phosphate buffer was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The proposed method displayed good linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and specificity. The present HPLC was compared with capillary electrophoresis and bioassay methods and the results indicated that there was no significant difference between these methods. Moreover, the obtained results demonstrated the validity of the isocratic HPLC, which allows reliable quantitation of CLA in pharmaceutical samples. Thus, it can be used as a substitute alternative methodology for the routine quality control of this medicine, in situations where other methods are less accessible in the laboratory.
Sync for Genes Phase 5: Computable artifacts for sharing dynamically annotated FHIR‐formatted genomic variants
Authors: Dolin Robert , Heale Bret S. E. , Gupta Rohan , Alvarez Carla , Aronson Justin , Boxwala Aziz , Gothi Shaileshbhai R. , Husami Ammar , Shalaby James , Babb Lawrence , Wagner Alex , Chamala Srikar
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Variant annotation is a critical component in next‐generation sequencing, enabling a sequencing lab to comb through a sea of variants in order to hone in on those likely to be most significant, and providing clinicians with necessary context for decision‐making. But with the rapid evolution of genomics knowledge, reported annotations can quickly become out‐of‐date. Under the ONC Sync for Genes program, our team sought to standardize the sharing of dynamically annotated variants (e.g., variants annotated on demand, based on current knowledge). The computable biomedical knowledge artifacts that were developed enable a clinical decision support (CDS) application to surface up‐to‐date annotations to clinicians.

Methods

The work reported in this article relies on the Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Genomics and Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) Variant Annotation (VA) standards. We developed a CDS pipeline that dynamically annotates patient's variants through an intersection with current knowledge and serves up the FHIR‐encoded variants and annotations (diagnostic and therapeutic implications, molecular consequences, population allele frequencies) via FHIR Genomics Operations. ClinVar, CIViC, and PharmGKB were used as knowledge sources, encoded as per the GA4GH VA specification.

Results

Primary public artifacts from this project include a GitHub repository with all source code, a Swagger interface that allows anyone to visualize and interact with the code using only a web browser, and a backend database where all (synthetic and anonymized) patient data and knowledge are housed.

Conclusions

We found that variant annotation varies in complexity based on the variant type, and that various bioinformatics strategies can greatly improve automated annotation fidelity. More importantly, we demonstrated the feasibility of an ecosystem where genomic knowledge bases have standardized knowledge (e.g., based on the GA4GH VA spec), and CDS applications can dynamically leverage that knowledge to provide real‐time decision support, based on current knowledge, to clinicians at the point of care.
Therapeutic Benefit of Sensory Trick in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Mahajan Abhimanyu , Gonzalez David A. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Comella Cynthia
Published: August 2023

Background

Sensory tricks (STs) are voluntary maneuvers that dampen the abnormal movement in cervical dystonia (CD).

Objectives

To investigate the effect of ST on CD severity and treatment.

Methods

Data on 1039 individuals with a modified Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) score were extracted from the CD Patient Registry for Observation of OnabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) Efficacy study. Univariate and multivariate models evaluated the direct and indirect impact of ST on CD severity and treatment, while controlling for confounds.

Results

Complete ST was associated with a 10% lower mean onabotA dose. Absence of complete ST was associated with a higher onabotA dose after controlling for dystonia severity (OR = 1.37, P = 0.04). ST moderated the relationship between dystonia severity and toxin dose (β = −0.16, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

ST is related to lower CD severity and toxin dose. It may have a direct effect on lowering toxin dose, independent of CD severity.
Familial gigantiform cementoma with recurrent ANO5 p.Cys356Tyr mutations: Clinicopathological and genetic study with literature review
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Zhang Ye , Zhu Lijing , Cui Yajuan , Gao Yan , Zhou Chuan‐Xiang
Published: August 2023

Background

Familial gigantiform cementoma (FGC) is a rare tumor characterized by the early onset of multi‐quadrant fibro‐osseous lesions in the jaws, causing severe maxillofacial deformities. Its clinicopathological features overlap with those of other benign fibro‐osseous lesions. FGC eventually exhibits progressively rapid growth, but no suspected causative gene has been identified.

Methods

In this study, three patients with FGC were recruited, and genomic DNA from the tumor tissue and peripheral blood was extracted for whole‐exome sequencing.

Results

Results showed that all three patients harbored the heterozygous mutation c.1067G > A (p.Cys356Tyr) in the ANO5 gene. Furthermore, autosomal dominant mutations in ANO5 at this locus have been identified in patients with gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD) and are considered a potential causative agent, suggesting a genetic association between FGC and GDD. In addition, multifocal fibrous bone lesions with similar clinical presentations were detected, including five cases of florid cemento‐osseous dysplasia, five cases of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, and eight cases of juvenile ossifying fibromas; however, none of them harbored mutations in the ANO5 gene.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that FGC may be an atypical variant of GDD, providing evidence for the feasibility of ANO5 gene testing as an auxiliary diagnostic method for complex cases with multiple quadrants.
A low‐profile dual‐wideband magnetoelectric dipole antenna with stable gain
Authors: Ye Da Gui , Jiang Huan , Ye Liang Hua , Zhang Yong Ping , Tian Xinxin , Li Jian‐Feng , Wu Duo‐Long
Published: August 2023

A dual‐wideband magnetoelectric dipole antenna is proposed. The magnetoelectric dipole is fed by a hook‐shaped metal sheet. To increase the gain at the upper band, the radiation arm of the electric dipole is designed in stepped shape. To widen the impedance bandwidth of the lower band, stepped‐shaped metal walls are employed and placed along the edges of the ground plane. To further improve and stabilize the higher band gain, four parasitic umbrella‐shaped metals are utilized. By using this novel scheme, a magnetoelectric dipole antenna with dual‐wideband operation is designed. It introduces two wide bandwidths of 35.3% (0.698–1 GHz) for the lower band and 63% (1.52–2.9 GHz) for the upper band. The lower‐band gain is stabilized within 7.3 ± 0.6 dBi, while the upper‐band gain is stabilized within 9.2 ± 0.8 dBi. The antenna dimension is only 0.41λL × 0.41λL × 0.1λL (λL denotes the wavelength at 0.698 GHz in vacuum).
Efficient optical fiber communication in the metro access domain based on an optical multicarrier source
Authors: Ullah Rahat , Ullah Sibghat , Khan Jahangir , Al‐Atawi Abdullah A. , Alwageed Hathal S.
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes an efficient optical fiber communication scheme for an optical metro access network (OMAN) based on an optical multicarrier (OMC) generator. The central office (CO)'s foundation is a novel, cost‐effective OMC‐generating technique. The OMC is designed from a pulsed laser source and three cascaded electro‐optic modulators (EOMs) driven by an amplified RF source of 20 GHz signal that has generated more than 60 frequencies with excellent tone‐to‐noise ratio (TNR) ~ 40 dB and amplitude excursions from zero to 3 dB. The conventional CO is replaced with a cost‐effective OMC‐based source with an effective switching mechanism, which is necessary and equally important to be handled reliably. The downstream data of 20 Gbps per carrier is transmitted using a duo‐binary coding scheme. Six remote nodes (RNs) supported by the suggested OMC source, at each RN 10 optical network units (ONUs), can be deployed having distance laps of 5 km between the RNs, the distance between the RNs and the ONUs is kept at 2 km, the ONUs were tested w.r.t the bit error rate (BER) and the power penalties for the proposed transmissions. The BER for different fiber lengths from 5 to 25 km at various RNs and ONUs ranges were calculated and demonstrated from 1e−3 to 1e−13, showing the feasibility of the proposed OMAN.
A shared aperture antenna with reconfigurable pattern by common and differential modes
Authors: Chen Menglong , Hu Haoquan , Lei Shiwen , Sun Kai , Tian Jing , Chen Bo
Published: August 2023

In this letter, a compact pattern‐reconfigurable (PR) antenna for indoor communication is proposed, which can provide one conical, one broadside, and two tilted patterns. The proposed antenna comprises a shared radiation patch with two highly isolated ports and a reconfigurable feeding network. By activating each port independently, a dipole mode with broadside pattern and a monopole mode with conical pattern are acquired, respectively. Meanwhile, inspired by the theory of common and differential modes, two tilted patterns toward and are realized by combining dipole and monopole modes. As a result, four‐type reconfigurable patterns can be obtained. To realize reconfigurability, a functional reconfigurable feeding network is designed with innovation. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured overlapped −10 dB impedance bandwidth is 3.28–3.71 GHz (12.3%), and the peak radiation efficiency is superior to 82.7%. The experimental results indicate that the proposed PR antenna has a wide bandwidth and stable radiation patterns, which exhibits attractive potential for fifth‐generation indoor communication in sub‐6 GHz.
Kritische Rohstoffe: Weder selten noch alternativlos
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian
Published: August 2023

Viel Lärm um Seltene Erden für grüne und digitale Technologien, etwa für Elektroautos und Windräder – aber am Ende braucht man sie dafür gar nicht. Denn schon deuten sich Alternativen an.
Trendbericht Biochemie 2023 (3/3): Ein Neutron extra: deuterierte Moleküle in der chemischen Biologie
Authors: Broichhagen Johannes , Roßmann Kilian
Published: August 2023

Fortschritte bei der Analyse epigenetischer Basen helfen unter anderem dabei, Krankheiten früher zu diagnostizieren. In Inneren von Encapsulinen, das sind proteinbasierte Nanocapside, laufen (bio)chemische Reaktionen geschützt ab, sie können daher für die Katalyse genutzt werden. Deuterierung von Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen erhöht deren Extinktion, Fluoreszenzlebensdauer und Helligkeit, sodass sich die deuterierten Farbstoffe besser für hochauflösende Mikroskopiemethoden eignen.
Umfrage zum Arbeitsklima in der chemischen Industrie
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: August 2023

Fach‐ und Führungskräfte in der chemischen Industrie sind weniger zufrieden mit ihren Arbeitgebern als im letzten Jahr.
Associations of residential greenness and ambient air pollution with overweight and obesity in older adults
Authors: Ye Lihong , Zhou Jinhui , Tian Yanlin , Cui Jia , Chen Chen , Wang Jun , Wang Yueqing , Wei Yuan , Ye Jiaming , Li Chenfeng , Chai Xin , Sun Chris , Li Fangyu , Wang Jiaonan , Guo Yanbo , Jaakkola Jouni J. K. , Lv Yuebin , Zhang Juan , Shi Xiaoming
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study aimed to examine the impact of greenness and fine particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) on overweight/obesity among older adults in China.

Methods

A total of 21,355 participants aged ≥65 years were included from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey between 2000 and 2018. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with a radius of 250 m and PM2.5 in a 1 × 1‐km grid resolution were calculated around each participant's residence. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effects of NDVI and PM2.5 on overweight/obesity. Interaction and mediation analyses were conducted to explore combined effects.

Results

The study observed 1895 incident cases of overweight/obesity over 109,566 person‐years. For every 0.1‐unit increase in NDVI the hazard ratio of overweight/obesity was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88–0.95), and for every 10‐μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 the hazard ratio was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07–1.14). The effect of NDVI on overweight/obesity was partially mediated by PM2.5, with a relative mediation proportion of 20.10% (95% CI: 1.63%‐38.57%).

Conclusions

Greenness exposure appears to lower the risk of overweight/obesity in older adults in China, whereas PM2.5, acting as a mediator, partly mediated this protective effect.
Inventory of real‐world data sources in Japan: Annual survey conducted by the Japanese Society for Pharmacoepidemiology Task Force
Authors: Kumamaru Hiraku , Togo Kanae , Kimura Tomomi , Koide Daisuke , Iihara Naomi , Tokumasu Hironobu , Imai Shinobu
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The Database Task Force of the Japan Society for Pharmacoepidemiology began its annual surveys of databases available for clinico and pharmacoepidemiological studies in 2010. In this report, we summarize the characteristics of the databases available in Japan based on the results of our 2021 survey to illustrate the recent developments in the infrastructure for database research in Japan.

Methods

We included 20 major databases from the academia, government, or industry that were accessible to third parties. We used a web‐based questionnaire to ask the database providers about their characteristics, such as their organization, data source(s), numbers of individuals enrolled, age distribution, code(s) used, and average follow‐up periods.

Results

We received responses from all 20 databases approached: eight hospital‐based databases, six insurer‐based databases, four pharmacy‐based databases, and two in the “other” category. Among them, 17 contained information from medical claims, pharmacy claims, and/or Diagnosis Procedure Combination data. Most insurer databases contained health check‐up data that could be attached to the claims component. Some hospital‐based databases had data from electronic medical records. Most insurer‐based databases collected data from the insurers of working‐age employees and therefore had limited coverage of older people. Most databases coded their medication data using the Japanese reimbursement codes, and many provided Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification codes.

Conclusions

The number of databases available for clinico and pharmacoepidemiological research and the proportion of the population they cover are increasing in Japan. The differences in their characteristics mean that the appropriate database must be selected for a particular study purpose.
Taguchi design and optimization of the PLA/PCL composite filament with plasticizer and compatibilizer additives for optimal 3D printing
Authors: Yao Ben , Zhu Yalin , Xu Zhining , Wu Yunli , Yang Liang , Liu Jianan , Shang Jianping , Fan Jingyuan , Ouyang Lizhi , Fan Hua‐Jun Shawn
Published: August 2023

3D printing (3DP) has brought endless possibilities to the manufacturing industry. Biodegradable high‐polymer materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) have attracted widespread attention. However, to optimize printing performance, this study prepared six PLA/PCL composite materials with ratios of 4:6, 5:5, and 6:4, by adding Polyethylene Glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) as a plasticizer and nano silica as a reinforcing agent. Parameters that can affect printing quality, including formulation, printing temperature (150, 170, and 190°C), filling density (305, 40%, and 50%), and printing speed (20, 30, and 40 mm/s), were examined and optimized. The optimal factor level combination determined by Taguchi fractional factorial design were silica addition 0.6 g, PLA content 60 wt%, printing temperature 190°C, infill density 50%, and printing speed 20 mm/s. The obtained minimum error value was 0.338 mm. Analysis of variance revealed the statistical significance of PLA content and printing temperature. A general linear model was established for result prediction, showing a difference of 9.25% from the actual error values. SEM results indicated poor compatibility between PLA and PCL in the melt‐blended mixture, while the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles facilitated PCL and PLA crystallization. DSC analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of PLC and SiO2 led to an increase in crystallinity, with 5PLA/5PCL/SiO2 exhibiting the highest crystallinity at 51.4%. Tensile testing results showed that the addition of 50 wt% PCL to PLA significantly improved the fracture elongation of the PLA/PCL material with a 5:5 formulation, averaging about 4 times higher than that of pure PLA, while the tensile strength decreased by 1.5 times. This study not only expands the research on PLA/PCL blends but also provides process guidance for 3D printing of the materials.
Preservice teachers' perspectives and use of behavior management strategies
Authors: McGuire Stacy N. , Meadan Hedda
Published: August 2023

Much of the current literature focuses on how preservice teachers are prepared to support entire classrooms (i.e., classroom management) instead of individual students (i.e., behavior management). Because of this gap in the literature, little is known about how preservice elementary education teachers are prepared to support students who are perceived to engage in challenging behavior in their classrooms. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to explore preservice elementary education teachers' knowledge, experiences, and needs for using behavior management strategies with individual students. Findings indicated preservice teachers had limited knowledge about behavior management strategies and sought further opportunities to support students who they perceived to engage in challenging behavior.
‘Newell’ bermudagrass: A public release from the USDA Cynodon collection
Authors: Rios E. F. , Lopez Y. , Munoz P. , Dubeux J. C. B. , Vendramini J. M. B. , Wallau M. , Grossman A. J. , Anderson W. , Baxter L. , Harris‐Shultz K. , Castillo M. S. , Saha M. C. , Quesenberry K. , Blount A. , Reith P. , Kenworthy K.
Published: August 2023

Warm‐season perennial grasses are the backbone of the pasture‐based livestock industry in the lower southeastern United States, and bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is the most widely planted forage species, covering ∼15 million ha. The genus Cynodon is native to southern Africa, and germplasm collections possess high genetic and phenotypic variability. The USDA National Plant Germplasm System maintains a collection of bermudagrass plant introductions (PIs) in Griffin, GA, and USDA‐ARS, Tifton, GA, maintains additional germplasm. Multi‐location trials were established in four states (Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and Oklahoma) to screen Cynodon germplasm for herbage accumulation (HA), nutritive value (NV), and bermudagrass stem maggot (BSM) (Atherigona reversura Villeneuve). Due to the large genotype × environment interaction for HA, we focused on selecting accessions adapted to South Georgia and Florida, and further studies were performed in Florida. Several PIs showed improved HA and NV compared with ‘Tifton 85’. PI 316510, originally introduced from Ingelheim, Germany, produced high HA in Citra, FL, and Tifton, GA, with improved NV traits. In addition, PI 316510 had faster establishment and similar BSM tolerance to Tifton 85. We confirmed PI 316510 as tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) through chromosome counts and flow cytometry, and it is genetically distinct from other commercial cultivars. PI 316510 has been publicly released under the name ‘Newell’, and it is vegetatively propagated. Planting material can be requested from the UF‐IFAS Forage Breeding program.
Preparation of polybenzoxazine/resorcinarene composites with low dielectric constants
Authors: Shao Liyan , Yuan Manlin , Lu Xin , Xin Zhong
Published: August 2023

A series of polybenzoxazine (PBZ)/resorcinarene composites with low dielectric constants were prepared by the thermal curing of a siloxane‐containing benzoxazine (P‐aptmds) with C‐methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CMCR). CMCR with active hydroxyl groups could serve to lower the thermal curing temperature of P‐aptmds. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the peak exothermic temperature of P‐aptmds decreased from 262°C to 192°C. The introduction of CMCR increased the crosslinking density of the PBZ/CMCR composites and improved the thermal properties. Due to the incorporation of CMCR with macrocyclic structure, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the PBZ/CMCR composite could be reduced to 2.63 and 0.0055 at 1 MHz, respectively. Moreover, the PBZ/CMCR composites possessed good hydrophobicity and low water absorption. This approach was expected to provide a facile design strategy of low dielectric composite materials.
Role of Spatial Impurity Spread on the Transition Dynamics of Doped GaAs Quantum Dot in Presence of Noise
Authors: Datta Swarnab , Bhakti Bhaskar , Ghosh Manas
Published: August 2023

The present study thoroughly explores the time‐average population transfer rate (TAPTR) of impurity‐doped GaAs quantum dot (QD) pursuing the change in the spatial impurity spread (SIS). The said excitation rate is studied under the influence of Gaussian white noise (GWN). The rise of the ground‐state electronic density takes place due to different types of time‐changing fluctuations, viz. simple sinusoidal field, time‐dependent confinement potential, and time‐dependent magnetic field. GWN couples with the QD by additive and multiplicative modes. In this work, the joint influence of SIS and GWN and its pathway of inclusion and the nature of the time‐dependent perturbations are examined on the attributes of the TAPTR. The TAPTR curves are composed of steadfast rise, steadfast diminish, maximization (relevant to generation of large nonlinear optical properties), minimization, and saturation (suggesting dynamic freezing). The findings elucidate the means of fine‐tuning the TAPTR among the doped GaAs QD eigenstates in presence of noise, when the SIS undergoes a gradual change.
Synthesis of Flower‐Like FeS2 and NiS2 Microspheres Based on Nanoflakes and Nanoparticles: Electronic Structures, Magnetic and Optical Properties
Authors: Zhang Dong , Bai Jing , Liu Jiaan , Zhou Xiaoming
Published: August 2023

Flower‐like spherical micrometer‐sized particles of FeS2 and NiS2 are synthesized using the solvothermal method. The microstructure, phase composition, saturation magnetization and optical characteristics of the synthesized FeS2 and NiS2 are described, and the atomic structure, electronic structure, and optical characteristics of the materials are calculated systematically founded upon the first principles of density functional theory. This work shows that the magnetic saturation intensity of FeS2 and NiS2 is respectively 0.36 and 0.02 emu g−1. The FeS2 and NiS2 bandgaps are separately 0.81 and 2.07 eV, calculated by Tauc's relation. Through the comparison of optical properties, the maximum absorption coefficient of FeS2 and NiS2 is separately 3.26 × 105 and 3.3 × 105 cm−1, and the two crystals’ absorption coefficient accordingly drops to 0 at 23.8 and 25.8 eV, indicating that the maximum absorption value and energy absorption range of NiS2 are higher than those of FeS2. The reflectivity above 60% ranges from 15.3 to 20.6 eV and 15.2 to 21.5 eV for FeS2 and NiS2, respectively, which indicates that the reflectivity of NiS2 is stronger than that of FeS2.
Event‐triggered output feedback control for two‐time‐scale systems with structured uncertainty
Authors: Hua Tong , Lei Yan , Xiao Jiang‐Wen , Wang Yan‐Wu
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the event‐triggered output feedback control problem for the two‐time‐scale systems with structured uncertainty. Due to the non‐ignorable problem in applications such as equipment aging or parameter drifting, the robustness of the designed controller is worth discussing. A dynamic event‐triggered scheme is proposed to reduce the computational cost of the control signal. The results indicate that with the proposed event‐triggered controller, the system can achieve asymptotic stability without some common restrictions on the fast system rather than practical stability. Moreover, the Zeno behavior is excluded. Simulation examples with comparison studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Bayesian multistage spatio‐temporally dependent model for spatial clustering and variable selection
Authors: Ma Shaopei , Yu Keming , Tang Man‐lai , Pan Jianxin , Härdle Wolfgang Karl , Tian Maozai
Published: August 2023

In spatio‐temporal epidemiological analysis, it is of critical importance to identify the significant covariates and estimate the associated time‐varying effects on the health outcome. Due to the heterogeneity of spatio‐temporal data, the subsets of important covariates may vary across space and the temporal trends of covariate effects could be locally different. However, many spatial models neglected the potential local variation patterns, leading to inappropriate inference. Thus, this article proposes a flexible Bayesian hierarchical model to simultaneously identify spatial clusters of regression coefficients with common temporal trends, select significant covariates for each spatial group by introducing binary entry parameters and estimate spatio‐temporally varying disease risks. A multistage strategy is employed to reduce the confounding bias caused by spatially structured random components. A simulation study demonstrates the outperformance of the proposed method, compared with several alternatives based on different assessment criteria. The methodology is motivated by two important case studies. The first concerns the low birth weight incidence data in 159 counties of Georgia, USA, for the years 2007 to 2018 and investigates the time‐varying effects of potential contributing covariates in different cluster regions. The second concerns the circulatory disease risks across 323 local authorities in England over 10 years and explores the underlying spatial clusters and associated important risk factors.
Small, Dynamic Clusters of Tir‐Intimin Seed Actin Polymerization
Authors: Oh Dongmyung , Liu Xuyao , Sheetz Michael P. , Kenney Linda J.
Published: August 2023

The understanding of actin pedestal formation by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) relies mainly on static ensemble information obtained from cell lysates. Here, the dynamic nature of signaling components on the subsecond timescale, which resemble phase condensates, is demonstrated. Unlike in vitro phase condensates, transfected intimin receptor (Tir) and downstream component form clusters 200 nm in diameter that are spaced ≈500 nm on average, indicating cellular regulation. On supported lipid bilayers with diffusive intimin, Tir‐expressing fibroblasts formed Tir‐intimin clusters even without Tir tyrosines, although Tir tyrosine phosphorylation is necessary for actin polymerization from clusters. Single‐molecule tracking showed that Tir is diffusive in the clusters and exchanges with Tir in the plasma membrane. Further, Nck and N‐WASP bind to the clusters and exchange with cytoplasmic molecules. Tir has a similar cluster lifetime to Nck, but longer than that of N‐WASP. Actin polymerization from the clusters requires N‐WASP binding, involved Arp2/3 activation, and stabilized N‐WASP clusters. These dynamic properties are distinct from larger in vitro systems and do not depend significantly upon crosslinking. Thus, Tir‐intimin clusters in the plasma membrane are limited in size by exchange and enhance signaling needed for actin polymerization that enables strong and stable bacterial attachment to host cells.
Neoantigen‐Based Nanovaccine In Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Abolish Postsurgical Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis
Authors: Zheng Peng , He Jinrong , Yang Zhongqian , Fu Yuting , Yang Ying , Li Weiran , Ding Yiting , Yang Xu , Ma Yanbing
Published: August 2023

The notorious limitation of conventional surgical excision of primary tumor is the omission of residual and occult tumor cells, which often progress to recurrence and metastasis, leading to clinical treatment failure. The therapeutic vaccine is emerging as a promising candidate for dealing with the issue of postsurgical tumor residuals or nascent metastasis. Here, a flexible and modularized nanovaccine scaffold based on the SpyCatcher003‐decorated shell (S) domain of norovirus (Nov) is employed to support the presentation of varied tumor neoantigens fused with SpyTag003. The prepared tumor neoantigen‐based nanovaccines (Neo‐NVs) are able to efficiently target to lymph nodes and engage with DCs in LNs, triggering strong antigen‐specific T‐cell immunity and significantly inhibiting the growth of established orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor in mice. Further, the combination of Neo‐NVs and anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) produces significant inhibition on postsurgical tumor recurrence and metastasis and induces a long‐lasting immune memory. In conclusion, the study provides a simple and reliable strategy for rapid preparing personalized neoantigens‐based cancer vaccines and engaging checkpoint treatment to restore the capability of tumor immune surveillance and clearance in surgical patients.
Greatly Intensified Guest Exchange Strategy for Highly‐Efficient Activation of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wei Yan , Chang Miao , Yun Ling‐Xia , Qiao Meng , Liu Rong‐Kun , Liu Dahuan , Wang Jie‐Xin , Chen Jian‐Feng
Published: August 2023

The preservation and accessibility of pores are prerequisites to the application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Activation is a key step to eliciting rich features of pores, but it needs a repeated solvent‐exchange process which is tedious and time/cost‐consuming. Herein, a facile strategy for highly‐efficient activation of MOFs utilizing rotating packed bed is proposed. With the tremendous enhancement of molecular mixing and mass transfer in high‐gravity and strong‐shearing surrounding, nine representative MOFs are completely activated within 2 h without structural change. Compared with conventional process, this activation displays surprising efficiency by accelerating the diffusion of solvents and redissolution of residual reactants in the pores. The complete activation time can be significantly shortened by over 90%. As a proof‐of‐concept, the methane storage of as‐activated UiO‐66 is five times that of as‐synthesized UiO‐66. This strategy provides a potential platform with industrial worth for the activation of MOF materials with ultra‐high efficiency and versatility.
Construction of Co2P‐Ni3S2/NF Heterogeneous Structural Hollow Nanowires as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Hangxuan , Gao Xiaolan , Li Ge
Published: August 2023

Designing efficient and stable transition metal‐based catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting is vital for the development of hydrogen production. Herein, a facile synthetic strategy is developed to fabricate transition metal‐based heterogeneous structural Co2P‐Ni3S2 hollow nanowires supported on nickel foam (Co2P‐Ni3S2/NF). Owing to the multiple active sites provided by transition metal compounds, large surface area of the unique hollow nanowire morphology, and the synergistic effect of Co2P‐Ni3S2 heterostructure interfaces, Co2P‐Ni3S2/NF requires ultralow overpotentials of 110, 164 mV for HER and 331.7, 358.3 mV for OER at large current densities of 100, 500 mA cm−2 in alkaline medium, respectively. Importantly, the two‐electrode electrolyzer assembled by Co2P‐Ni3S2/NF displays a cell voltage of 1.54 V at 10 mA cm−2 and operates stably over 24 h at 100 mA cm−2, which performs better than reported transition metal‐based bifunctional electrocatalysts. This work presents a successful fabrication of transition metal‐based bifunctional HER/OER electrocatalysts at large‐current density and brings new inspiration for developing applicable energy conversion materials.
Shear‐Responsive Sol–Gel Transition of Phase Change Material Emulsions for an Injectable Thermal Insulation Platform
Authors: Sun Junrui , Yang Jongryeol , Jeon Dongyoung , Park Daehwan , Kim Jin Woong
Published: August 2023

Phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted significant attention as promising insulating materials. However, they often suffer from the simple yet critical problem of leakage in practical applications. Therefore, in this study, an injectable PCM emulsion insulation platform is developed. For this, n‐hexadecane, as a PCM, emulsion droplets are armored with a metal‐organic membrane (MOM) through the coordination of zinc ions and phytic acid. The MOM layer not only provides a rigid interfacial modulus but also allows the emulsion to exhibit viscoelastic behavior by shear stress‐induced interdrop association. This MOM‐enveloped PCM emulsion (PCMEMOM) exhibited typical sol–gel transition behavior in response to applied shear stress, indicating the injectable characteristic of the PCMEMOM. After observing the rheological hysteresis and thermal stability of the PCMEMOM under repetitive heating and cooling cycles, the thermal insulation performance of PCMEMOM is quantitatively and visually demonstrated. These findings suggest an efficient method to exploit high‐performance insulation systems.
A Rotating Triboelectric Nanogenerator Driven by Bidirectional Swing for Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Chuguo , Yuan Wei , Zhang Baofeng , Yang Jiayi , Hu Yuexiao , He Lixia , Zhao XueJiao , Li Xiuhan , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie
Published: August 2023

Due to the simple installation and convenient maintenance, the floating water wave energy harvesting devices have significant economic advantages. Mass power density is the most important index to evaluate the advancement of floating wave energy harvesting devices. Herein, a self‐adaptive rotating triboelectric nanogenerator (SR‐TENG) with a compound pendulum and a functional gear‐set is provided for wave energy harvesting. First, a compound pendulum structure with a low center of gravity and high moment of inertia is obtained by the geometric design and mechanical study. Besides, compared with the previous triboelectric nanogenerator with one‐way clutch, SR‐TENG can harvest twice the kinetic energy utilization through the functional gear‐set. Importantly, depending on the structure design, the SR‐TENG obtains the average mass power density of 45.18 mW kg−1 under low frequency driving conditions, which is about 10 times the reference electromagnetic generator with a similar structure and size. This result shows that the SR‐TENG has a significant advantage in small water wave energy harvesting. These findings provide an important example of the floating water wave energy harvesting devices.
Carbonized Polymer Dots for Controlling Construction of MoS2 Flower‐Like Nanospheres to Achieve High‐Performance Li/Na Storage Devices
Authors: Al‐Ansi Nabilah , Salah Abdulwahab , Drmosh Qasem Ahmed , Yang Guo‐Duo , Hezam Abdo , Al‐Salihy Adel , Lin Jian , Wu Xing‐Long , Zhao Liang , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Wang Shao‐lei , Sun Hai‐Zhu
Published: August 2023

Despite being one of the most promising materials in anode materials, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) encounters certain obstacles, such as inadequate cycle stability, low conductivity, and unsatisfactory charge‐discharge (CD) rate performance. In this study, a novel approach is employed to address the drawbacks of MoS2. Carbon polymer dots (CPDs) are incorporated to prepare three‐dimensional (3D) nanoflower‐like spheres of MoS2@CPDs through the self‐assembly of MoS2 2D nanosheets, followed by annealing at 700 °C. The CPDs play a main role in the creation of the nanoflower‐like spheres and also mitigate the MoS2 nanosheet limitations. The nanoflower‐like spheres minimize volume changes during cycling and improve the rate performance, leading to exceptional rate performance and cycling stability in both Lithium‐ion and Sodium‐ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs). The optimized MoS2@CPDs‐2 electrode achieves a superb capacity of 583.4 mA h g−1 at high current density (5 A g−1) after 1000 cycles in LIBs, and the capacity remaining of 302.8 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 5 A g−1 in SIBs. Additionally, the full cell of LIBs/SIBs exhibits high capacity and good cycling stability, demonstrating its potential for practical application in fast‐charging and high‐energy storage.