bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Metal Ions on the Molybdenum-Reducing Activity of S. marcescens strain DrY6
Authors: Shukor M.Y. , Shamaan N.A. , Syed M.A.
Published: April 2022

Microbial metal reduction of molybdenum to molybdenum blue can be used in the bioremediation of molybdenum contaminated environment. A molybdenum-reducing strain, S. marcescens strain Dr.Y6, was tested for its molybdenum-reduction capability in the presence of several metal ions such as Cr6+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Co2+,Ni2+,Cd2+, Ag+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+and Sn2+. Metal ions such as chromium, copper and mercury caused 88.4, 98.8 and 88.3% inhibition of the molybdenum-reducing activity, respectively, indicating the presence of a thiol group in the molybdenum-reducing enzyme of this bacterium. However, two ions, ferrous and stannous, markedly increased the activity of molybdenum-reducing activity in this bacterium in the control studies suggesting that these metal ions could produce false positive results and their use should be accompanied with proper control.
Effects of Cooking on Toxins Levels and Influence of Food Additives on Toxins Level in Food Products
Authors: Theng C Y , Jualang A.G.
Published: April 2022

Herbal products are a major source of mercury contaminant in the diet of humans. Currently, monitoring of mercury is carried out by instrument such as Flow Injection Mercury System which utilizes the cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopic technique. The handling and operation of these instruments are costly, time consuming and need skilled operators. In this work, the use of the papain assay to determine mercury in digested herbal samples after neutralization is demonstrated. About 20% of the samples tested showed positive results for mercury at levels higher than the maximum permissibility limit (MPL) and the results were validated using FIMS. The papain assay is low in cost, rapid and could be carried out in a microplate format. The papain assay can be the preliminary screening assay and only positive samples are sent for instrumental validation. This marriage between enzyme-based assay and instrumental method could increase monitoring frequency and results could be obtained faster
Screening for the Presence of Salmonella typhimurium in Local Meat using Dot-Elisa
Authors: Masdor Noor Azlina , Talib Azizah Abdul , Hussin Noorshinah , Yahya Aseha , Ishak Zamri
Published: April 2022

Salmonella infections in commercial poultry have long been an industry concern and the subject of many investigations. Since poultry is a major food source, its contamination with salmonellae may result in the development of human illness. Salmonella typhimurium is one of paratyphoid Salmonellae most commonly associated with poultry. Thus, a detection assay for this bacterium is highly sought after. Detection of Salmonella typhimurium using monoclonal antibody is specific to only one epitope while polyclonal antibody has the ability to detect various serovars due to the presence of multitude of epitopes. In this study the production of polyclonal antibody was performed using rabbits immunized with formalin-killed cell lysate of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium ATTCÂ® 53648. The purification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) was carried out by affinity chromatography and the purity of IgG was characterized by SDS-PAGE.The purified IgG was used to detect Salmonella typhimurium by the dot-ELISA method. The specificity of the dot-ELISA was investigated with different foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobactor jejuni which produced no significant reaction signal compared to Salmonella typhimurium.
Testing the normality of residuals on regression model for the growth of sludge microbes on PEG 600
Authors: Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Shukor Mohd Shukri , Masdor Noor Azlina , Shamaan Nor Aripin , Shukor Mohd Yunus
Published: April 2022

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are employed in numerous sectors. PEGs are nephrotoxic and their biodegradation by microbes could be a potential tool for bioremediation. Numerous bacterial growth studies neglect primary modelling even though modelling exercises can reveal important parameters. Previously, we have utilized several growth models to model the growth of sludge microbes on PEG 600. We discovered that the modified Gompertz model via nonlinear regression utilizing the least square method was the best model to describe the growth curve. However, the use of statistical tests to choose the best model relies heavily on the residuals of the curve to be statistically robust. Normality tests for the residuals used in this work has indicated that the use of the modified Gompertz model in fitting of the growth curve of the sludge microbes on PEG 600 initially was  not adequate due to the presence of an outlier. Upon removal of this outlier, the residuals conformed to normality test, visually and statistically
Mathematical Modelling of the Growth of Cajanus cajan in the Presence of Petroleum Oily Sludge Based on the Number of Shoots Produced
Authors: Allamin Ibrahim Alkali , Ahmad Siti Aqlima , Yasid Nur Adeela , Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh , Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Shukor Mohd Yunus
Published: April 2022

The use of Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) or Kacang dhal in the phytoremediation of petroleum sludge in this study is novel. One of the challenges in monitoring the efficiency or inhibition of remediation by this toxic substance is measuring growth indicator. The number of shoots produced under growth on this toxic substance can be used to monitor the efficiency or inhibition and the use of mathematical models in describing the growth curve based on this parameter can give tangible results that can be used in further modelling exercise. In this study we demonstrated on the feasibility of using mathematical models in obtaining growth parameters based on the number of shoots produced under various concentrations of toxicants. The popular modified Gompertz growth model again prove itself as the best models in describing plant growth. The coefficients obtained in this study will be very valuable in secondary modelling exercise. This is the first time that mathematically modelling of the growth rate of C. cajan measured as the increase in number of shoots is carried out to the best of our knowledge.
Mathematical Modelling of the Growth of Burkholderia sp. on Glyphosate
Authors: Manogaran Motharasan , Yasid Nur Adeela , Ahmad Siti Aqlima
Published: April 2022

Glyphosate is an agricultural herbicide with usage in the amounts of thousands of tonnes per year in Malaysia. In certain soils, glyphosate can persist for months and its removal through bioremediation is the most economical and practical. A glyphosate-degrading bacterium has been isolated from contaminated soil. The growth of the bacterium on glyphosate as the sole phosphorous source shows classical sigmoidal profile. Important growth constants can be reliably obtained through nonlinear regression modelling using growth models such as logistic, Gompertz, Richards, Schnute, Baranyi-Roberts, Von Bertalanffy, Buchanan three-phase and the Huang models. The modified Gompertz model was chosen as the best model based on statistical tests such as root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF) and corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion). Novel constants obtained from the modelling exercise would be useful for further secondary modelling implicating the effect of media conditions and other factors on the growth of this bacterium on glyphosate. The fitted value of maximal growth rate showed a decline when the concentration of glyphosate was increased indicating substrate inhibition. The results from this work can be further used in secondary modelling exercises.
Modelling the Effect of Copper on the Growth Rate of Enterobacter sp. strain Neni-13 on SDS
Authors: Rusnam . , Gusmanizar Neni , Shukor M.Y. , Dan-Iya Bilal Ibrahim
Published: April 2022

The introduction of tiny amounts of heavy metals into the environment can encourage the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms. The concentration at which enhanced microbial activity is seen, on the other hand, results in a significant decrease in growth rate as well as an increase in lag time (due to the higher lag time). An established link exists between heavy metal toxicity in microorganisms and the process of bioremediation, which has been well-documented. Because heavy metals have an impact on bioremediation, they must be researched, and appropriate countermeasures must be implemented. Copper reduced the growth of the SDS-degrading bacteria Enterobacter sp. strain Neni-13 to a significant extent. Under varying doses of mercury, the SDS-degrading bacteria exhibited a sigmoidal pattern with time periods ranging from 7 to 10 hours. Gompertz's model was used to calculate the growth rates of copper in different concentrations. As the copper concentration rose, the growth of bacteria was suppressed with a concentration of 1.0 g/L, with virtually total stoppage of bacterial development. From the Gompertz model, we got the estimates of growth rates; after which, they were estimated according to the Han-Levenspiel, Shukor, Wang, Liu, Andrews, and Amor models. The modified Han-Levenspiel, Andrews, Liu, and Shukor models could all successfully fit the curve. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the Han-Levenspiel model was the best model based on highest adjusted correlation coefficient (adR2), the lowest values for RMSE and AICc, and values of AF and BF closest to unity. The parameters obtained from the Han-Levenspiel model were Ccrit 0.209 mg/L (95%, C.I., 0.199 to 0.219), Î¼max 0.209 h-1 (95% C.I., 0.199 to 0.219) and m 0.472 (95% C.I., 0.383 to 0.561. The results obtained in this study indicate the maximum tolerable copper concentration that the conditions for biodegradation should not exceed.
Expression, purification and characterization of meta-cleavage enzyme CarBaBb from Novosphiongobium sp. KA1
Authors: Zulkharnain Azham , Maeda R. , Maeda T.
Published: April 2022

The meta-cleavage enzyme CarBaBb of carbazole-degrader Novosphiongobium sp. KA1 were cloned, expressed and purified to homogeneity in Escherichia coli strain. The enzyme was cloned with 6x histidine residues attached at the C-terminal of large subunit CarBb for purification using affinity chromatography method prior to gel filtration chromatography. The CarBaBb, a two-subunit meta-cleavage enzyme, approximately 30 kda for CarBb dan 10 kDa for CarBa, was found to be Î±2Î²2-heterotetrameric (Mr 80,000), showed highest activity at pH 8.5 and temperature 30Â°C. CarBaBb showed highest catalytic activity towards 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl with kcat/Km 4.1 M-1s-1, and overall higher catalytic activities towards biphenyl-type substrates in comparison to catechol-type substrates. Based on the similarities, this meta-cleavage enzyme from Novosphiongobium sp. KA1 would also be a good candidate for protein crystallization and structural studies apart from CarBaBb from strain P. resinovorans strain CA10.
Prevalence of viable Monascus van Tieghem species in fermented Red Rice (Hong Qu Mi) at consumer level in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Samsudin Nik Iskandar Putra , Noorlidah Abdullah Noorlidah
Published: April 2022

Red rice is a fermented product consumed widely throughout Asian countries as food colorant, food flavour and food preservative. Fermentation of red rice is accomplished by inoculating individual or several Monascus species onto white rice grains during which time the fungal starters biosynthesize the intense red pigments which are subsequently assimilated into the final product. The present work was undertaken to establish the prevalence of viable Monascal fungal starters involved in red rice fermentation from red rice samples obtained at consumer level in Selangor, Malaysia by means of morphological characterization. Macromorphology examined the size and texture of colonies on growth plates, and colony growth rates while micromorphology assessed the size and shape of conidiospores and texture of conidiophores and hyphae. A total of 50 red rice samples were obtained from which isolation and characterization of Monascal fungal starters were performed. From the red rice samples, Monascus purpureus Went was found to be the key Monascal fungal starter from which the isolation frequency was 58% as compared to that of Monascus pilosus K. Sato which was 42%. No strain of Monascus ruber van Tieghem was isolated. Since 100% of red rice samples gave viable spores which germinated at favourable conditions, there is an elevated risk of citrinin contamination of the final product. Therefore, further mycological and toxicological analyses on fermented red rice are warranted to raise public awareness on consumption of red rice.
Toxicity, pollution and biodegradation of acrylamide â€“ a mini review
Authors: Kusnin N. , Syed Mohd Arif , Ahmad Siti Aqlima
Published: April 2022

Acrylamide is a monomer to polyacrylamide; a polymer with diverse application in basic research, industries and agriculture. The monomer is highly toxic while the polymeric form is slowly degraded to its monomeric form in the environment. In this mini review, the toxicity, uses, pollution and biodegradation of this important monomer are discussed. An important aspect of this review is to highlight the application of microorganisms as remediating agent for the removal of this compound from the environment.
Detection of tuberculosis (TB) using gold standard method, direct sputum smears microscopy, PCR, qPCR and electrochemical DNA sensor: A mini review
Authors: Che-Engku-Chik Che Engku Noramalina , Yusof Nor Azah , Abdullah Jaafar , Othman Siti Sarah , Said Mohd Hazani Mat , Wasoh Helmi
Published: April 2022

Despite the continued effort globally made to control the growing case of Tuberculosis (TB), it continues to be regarded as the second deadliest disease after the HIV. There are various methods developed to diagnose TB, most of which having the criteria of sensitive, selective, cheap and portable to be used in robust applications. Even with the advancement in medication, the important keys including early stage diagnosis is yet to be considered. In diagnosing TB, the only technique remained as the gold standard method is the culturing method, which is the Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining. On the other hand, molecular technique utilising Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay is preferred as a non-culturing method. Additionally, as molecular techniques become advanced, real-time PCR or quantitative PCR (qPCR) using multiple probes in one shot has raised interest among researchers, because it can skip the process of gel electrophoresis. Recently, researchers have been working on electrochemical DNA sensors which are sensitive, selective, rapid, cheap and can meet with point of care (POC) testing requirements to diagnose TB.
Characterization of COOH-Fe3O4/NCC-CTA+ on screen printed carbon electrode using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray for DNA biosensor
Authors: Che-Engku-Chik Che Engku Noramalina , Yusof Nor Azah , Abdullah Jaafar , Othman Siti Sarah , Wasoh Helmi
Published: April 2022

A novel DNA biosensing platform was designed by the functionalization of iron oxide (Fe3O4)with the carboxylic group via capping agent, mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and conjugatedwith nanocellulose crystalline (NCC) surface modified with surfactant cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) to assist in the DNA sensing capability. The product of nanocompositescompound was drop-casted on screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Characterization by fieldemission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX)spectroscopy showing that carboxyl functionalized iron oxide (COOH-Fe3O4) can be hybridizedwith NCC-CTA+ via electrostatic interaction.
Characterization of the growth on SDS by Enterobacter sp. strain Neni-13
Authors: Rusnam M , Gusmanizar Neni
Published: April 2022

Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) is an anionic surfactant which is mainly utilized in washing detergents and industrial products and solutions. Its toxicity and contamination of the surroundings environment are ubiquitous. In this study, the SDS-degradation capacity of a previously isolated molybdenum-reducing bacterium; Enterobacter sp. Strain Neni-13 is reported. At 1 g/L of SDS as the sole carbon source, the bacterium grew maximally at pH 7.0, the temperature range from 20 to 45 Â°C support maximal growth and require ammonium sulphate as the best nitrogen source at the optimal concentration of 1 % w/v. Growth on various concentrations of SDS as a carbon source shows that the bacterium can grow maximally in between 800 and 1200 mg/L and was able to grow at the maximum concentration of 1500 mg/L while concentrations higher than this caused the cessation of growth. The heavy metals mercury, silver and copper inhibit growth on SDS. The ability of this bacterium to detoxify dual toxicants, which include the degradation of high concentration of SDS is highly sought.
Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Orientin against Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Oxidative Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Lim Kit Ying , Sasmita Andrew Octavian , Ling Anna Pick Kiong , Koh Rhun Yian , Voon Kenny Gah Leong , Say Yee How , Wong Ying Pei
Published: April 2022

Natural products or plant derivatives could be used to prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases (ND).  Oxidative stress has been highly implicated in the progression of ND;thus, this leads to the study on the effects of orientin in regulating Nrf2/Keap-1 redox signalling, PI3K/Akt survival and MAPK/ERK apoptosis pathways in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. The cells were treated with half maximum non-toxic dose (Â½ MNTD) or maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of orientin and subsequently with H2O2. Cells were then subjected to the measurement of nitric oxide (NO), intracellular calcium (Ca2+), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis assays. Regulation of the signalling pathways was analysed by Western blotting. Results showed that Â½ MNTD of orientin reduced the NO levels. The intracellular Ca2+ level was also reduced by Â½ MNTD and MNTD of orientin. The orientin treatment at Â½ MNTD and MNTD restored the loss of MMP. Pre-treatment of orientin reduced the early and late apoptotic cells as well as necrotic cells. Orientin was found to up-regulate the Nrf2/Keap-1 and PI3K/Akt pathways whilst down-regulate the MAPK/ERK pathway. The findings from this study will be useful for the prevention of ND in the near future.
Emerging Soluble Protein Markers in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Johdi Nor Adzimah , Jamal Rahman
Published: April 2022

Small soluble proteins that are part of immune regulation such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors are significantly involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. Their increase concentration in biological fluids and tissues suggest pathway activation that involves in inflammatory response or cancer progression. The knowledge of these soluble proteins has increasing clinical importance as a biomarker tool in screening, diagnosis classification, therapeutic surveillance and intervention. The review gives a short insight into the most commonly reported cytokines, chemokines and growth factors and their potential roles in the carcinogenesis. We discuss recent findings on their functions in colorectal carcinoma through analysis of their expression patterns, the use of selective inhibitors and signaling pathways involved.
Encapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum with Mannan and Sodium Alginate Improves its Cell Production
Authors: Jahari Muhamad Amin , Mustafa Shuhaimi , Abd Manap Yazid , Lamasudin Dhilia udie , Hakim Roslan Muhamad Akhmal
Published: April 2022

Probiotic bacteria are utilized in aquaculture as they exert a crucial function in promoting and maintaining the fish health. Probiotic strains should be present in a viable form during consumption and throughout the gastrointestinal tract for maximum health benefits. Many reports stated that there is poor survival of probiotic in products containing free probiotic cells. Providing probiotic living cells with physical barrier to resist adverse environmental conditions is therefore an approach currently receiving considerable interest. In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum was encapsulated with mannan and sodium alginate to increase probiotic viability. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the encapsulation process with mannan concentration (5 to 30 % w/v) and sodium alginate concentration (1 to 5 % w/v) as the independent variables evaluated. According to the regression coefficients and significance of the polynomial model, the optimum encapsulation parameters were as follows: 24.73 % w/v mannan; 1.6 % w/v sodium alginate. Under these conditions of encapsulation, the total cell production of the Lactobacillus plantarum was increased to 5.3 (108 CFU/g) as compared to the free cell culture, 3.2 (108 CFU/g).
Screening of Xenobiotics-degrading Microorganisms from Sumateraâ€™s Soil
Authors: Rusnam . , Syafrawati . , Gusmanizar Neni
Published: April 2022

Microorganisms from thirty soil samples from various locations in West Sumatera was screened for their ability to grow on xenobiotics such as acrylamide, propionamide, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000, Sodium dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonates (SDBS), diesel and phenol. The screening media contain all of these xenobiotics as carbon sources, ammonium sulphate as nitrogen sources and trace elements. The growth of these microorganisms on the xenobiotics was monitored at A600 nm on a microplate. Of the isolates screened, the number of bacterial isolates than can grow on acrylamide, propionamide, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000, SDS, SDBS, diesel and phenol were 23, 22, 13, 17, 3, 17 and 17, respectively, all as carbon sources. These xenobiotics-degrading isolates can be further utilized in the future as bioremediation agent.
Glycosaminoglycans From Plant Sources and The Potential Uses as Anticoagulant and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Che Zahari Che Nur Mazadillina , Azmi Nina Suhaity , Ramli Muhammad Zaki
Published: April 2022

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are usually found in mammals or invertebrates organisms. Since there are many potential active ingredients in plants that have not been investigated till dates, this review will be discussing the plantsâ€™ potential to be the alternative for GAGs source. The study will enlighten the correlation between two crucial properties, anticoagulant and anticancer properties. This is because these two properties are usually found in organisms with GAGs presence. GAGs have obviously played an important role to elicit these two properties within an organismâ€™s biological system. The study found that based on previous researches investigations, plants have the potential to have GAGs which then act as replacement of anticoagulant carrying anticancer properties.
Purification, Characterization and Sequencing of Alginate Lyase from Martelella sp. strain MAK4
Authors: Ali Abdallah Abdelkawy A. , Ebraheem Atef Mohammed , Mohammed A. Baayoume Abeer
Published: April 2022

Bacterial isolate MAK4 was isolated from brown algae collected from the coastal area of the Red sea, Hurghada, Egypt and confirmed for alginate lyase production by halo formation around the colonies after flooding with cetylpyridinium chloride or Gramâ€™s iodine. Isolate MAK4 was identified according to morphological, biochemical and phylogenetic identification through 16s rRNA. The bacterial isolate was tentatively identified as Martelella sp. strain MAK4. It is aerobic, mesophilic, Gramâ€“ve, non-spore forming nonmotile, rod-shaped organism and produces catalase and oxidase. PCR was performed for alginate lyase gene using two pairs of degenerate primers. The alginate lyase enzyme was isolated and purified from the culture medium by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-Cellulose chromatography. The isolated enzyme has a specific activity of 62.9 u/mg, 6.15 purification folds and has a molecular weight of 35 kDa. The alginate lyase enzyme showed highest activity at 37 Â°C and at pH 7. The enzyme was stable over the pH range 6 to 9 and retained 80% of its activity after incubation at 40 Â°C for 90 min. The enzyme was active in the absence of metal ions, but the activity was enhanced by the addition of NaCl, KCl and Ca2+. The activity was lost with the addition of EDTA. The enzyme activity was strongly decreased in the presence of Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Hg2+ and Mn2+. This novel bifunctional alginate lyase has the potential to be used in the eradication of resistant bacterial biofilm in clinical samples and production of alginate   oligosaccharides in industry.
Assessment of Coliform Bacteria as Indicator of Water Quality in Jigawa State Nigeria
Authors: Lawan Naima Suleiman , Yakubu Abdulhadi , Abdulsalam Zainab Jamil , Zandam Nuhu Danladi
Published: April 2022

Groundwater is sometimes considered as the cleanest form of water available to Nigerians. A total of two hundred water samples (10 from each of the 20 cities) were analyzed for the presence of coliform bacteria as an indicator of water quality. The mean coliform viable counts, aerobic mesophilic bacterial count as well as a biochemical test were conducted. Based on the result obtained, seven cities were found to contain coliform count above the acceptable limit of the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Escherichia coli was also found in water samples of four cities. Presence of faecal coliform is an indication of faecal contamination of any drinking water which can be due to leakage of pipes from the main source. Efforts need to be intensified in the monitoring of activities in this rapidly expanding industry with a view to raising standards.
Biodegradation of PEGs: A review
Authors: Suhaimi Nubli , Syed Mohd Arif , Shamaan Nor Aripin , Othman Ahmad Razi
Published: April 2022

A variety of applications involving animals and humans make use of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Because the toxicity of various PEGs is becoming increasingly apparent and has been documented several times, their removal from polluted regions is urgently required. Several studies have shown and advocated that PEG biodegradation by microorganisms may be a viable approach for remediating PEG-contaminated landfills. As a result of Malaysia's huge number of landfills, which is likely to expand in the future, it is believed that PEG contamination would rise as well, and the use of PEG-degrading microorganisms may benefit the country. This review aimed to summarize and update information on PEG-degrading microorganisms so that the information compiled can benefit local researchers in isolating more efficient PEG-degraders. The absorption of PEGS into energy under aerobic and anaerobic systems includes a variety of enzyme chains, which will present a challenge that needs to be addressed in future isolation of PEG-degraders and the elucidation of the degradation mechanisms.
Mechanical Lateral Distal Femoral Angle (MLDFA), Medial Proximal Tibia Angle (MPTA), and Mechanical Axis Deviation (MAD) Value in Young Adults in North Sumatera
Authors: Winanto Iman Dwi , Ismiarto Yoyos Dias
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Reference value to determine the angle of lower extremity is only based on clinical measurement and radiological assessment, which is limited to tibiofemoral angle (TFA). Although this examination can estimate the lower extremity angle, it is not satisfactory for a comprehensive analysis. Material and Method. A descriptive study in RSUP Haji Adam Malik Hospital in August - September 2019 to measure mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (MLDFA), medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA), and mechanical axis deviation (MAD). Results. Thirty nine subjects were included in this study. The mean age was 26.77±4,65 years old (range: 22 to 39 years); 69,2% were male (n = 27) and 30,8% were female (n = 12). The average mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (MLDFA) was 87,93o ±2,16o . The average medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA) was 86,28o ±2,26o . The average mechanical axis deviation (MAD) was 1.56±1,48 mm. Our results of MLDFA and MPTA measurement, but not in MAD, are consistent with study conducted by Farr, et al. Conclusion. Our MLDFA, MPTA, but not MAD measurement results are similar to studies involving Caucasian population.

Pendahuluan. Nilai acuan sudut pada ekstremitas bawah hanya berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan radiologis, yang terbatas pada sudut tibiofemoral. Pemeriksaan sudut tibiofemoral (STF) tunggal tidak cukup untuk analisis komprehensif ekstremitas bawah. Bahan dan Cara. Penelitian deskriptif di RSUP Haji Adam Malik pada bulan Agustus – September 2019 untuk mengukur sudut mekanik lateral distal femur (SMLDF), sudut medial proksimal tibia (SMPT), dan deviasi aksis mekanik (DAM). Hasil. Sejumlah 39 subjek diteliti. Usia rata-rata 26,77 ± 4,65 tahun (22 - 39 tahun); 69,2% pria (n = 27) dan 30,8% wanita (n = 12). Nilai rata-rata sudut mekanik lateral distal femur (SMLDF) adalah 87,93º ± 2,16º. Nilai rata-rata sudut medial proksimal tibia (SMPT) adalah 86,28º ± 2,26º. Nilai rata–rata deviasi aksis mekanik (DAM) adalah 1.56 ± 1,48 mm. Pada penelitian ini, hasil pengukuran SMLDF dan SMPT sesuai hasil penelitian Farr, et al, tetapi hasil pengukuran DAM tidak sesuai. Simpulan. Nilai SMLDF dan SMPT pada penelitian ini tidak berbeda dengan penelitian pada populasi Kaukasia

 
Fatigue sebagai Gejala Sisa COVID-19
Authors: Gladiola Brigitta , Wreksoatmodjo Budi Riyanto
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 merupakan penyakit akibat infeksi Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Dewasa ini, makin banyak penelitian menunjukkan adanya gejala menetap pasca-infeksi COVID-19. Prevalensi pasien pasca-COVID-19 yang memiliki gejala fatigue pada 1-3 bulan pasca-infeksi mencapai 52-70%. Beberapa teori mekanisme fatigue pasca-infeksi COVID-19 antara lain teori disfungsi hipotalamus dan teori GABA. Tata laksana pasien pasca-infeksi COVID-19 dengan gejala fatigue masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Beberapa anjuran intervensi yaitu berolahraga, terapi mindfulness, latihan pernapasan, serta peregangan tubuh/stretching. Sampai saat ini, belum ada tata laksana berbasis bukti ilmiah untuk mengatasi gejala fatigue pasca-infeksi COVID-19.

COVID-19 is an infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an increasing data on the clinical manifestations of post COVID-19. Around 52-70% individuals recovering from COVID-19 complains of fatigue. Two leading theories of its mechanisms include hypothalamus dysfunction theory and GABA theory. More studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism of post COVID-19 fatigue. There is no specific treatment available, but some interventions such as exercise, mindfulness therapy, and body stretching can be used to ease post COVID-19 fatigue.
Tinjauan Atas Pioderma
Authors: Kusumo Inosensia Diajeng , - Kenny
Published: April 2022

Pioderma adalah infeksi kulit piogenik yang sering disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus grup A. Diagnosis umumnya ditegakkan melalui tampilan klinis. Tata laksana meliputi antibiotik disertai insisi dan drainase bila perlu. Terapi antibiotik secara empiris disesuaikan dengan derajat keparahan penyakit.

Pyoderma is pyogenic skin infection and commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and group A Streptococcus. Diagnosis can be established by its clinical features. Treatment consists of antimicrobial therapy accompanied with incision and drainage as indicated. Antimicrobial therapy is given empirically and adjusted depending on severity of the disease.
Extrapolations and catalysts in relation to the COVID-19 epidemic and implications on viable urban transport
Authors: Jirwankar Basweshwar
Published: April 2022

The Global Pandemic announced COVID-19 on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As of 26th March, nearly 2.6 billion people (including 1.3 billion people in India alone). Many countries have closed their borders and enforced curfews – which contributes, at national and continental level, to steep decline in transport demand. The epidemic of corona viruses is extremely probable to influence our actions and lifestyle, our way of living, eating and moving, indefinitely.Also if the economic consequences of the mass transit and social mobility crisis have not yet to be fully measured, they have extremely probable to be substantial (such as ride-hail, ride-pool, scooter sharing. Since public transport links directly to economic development and is dependent on fares and subsidies, revenue losses are most likely unavoidable. This research article helps to get the idea in addition to lack of income and extra financial pressures for public transit providers will also contribute to higher expenses of regular maintenance of vehicles and facilities and rising rail speed for a prolonged period of time.In spite of currently perceived risk and reduced take-off of public transport, the sector must be encouraged to move masses effectively and reduce carbon emissions after the virus. This article describes the effects of COVID-19 during and after the lockdown in the transport sector, as well as a long-term plan for the development and future management capacity for public transport.
New Cultivars
Authors: Studnicka Miloslav , Stewart Steven , Clemens William Joseph , Wyman Travis H. , Dawnstar William
Published: April 2022

The cultivars Drosera 'Rhodesian Beauty', Dionaea muscipula 'Cupped Trap', Drosera regia 'Big Easy', Pinguicula 'Enigma', Sarracenia 'Katerina', Sarracenia 'Sorrow' are described.
Državna podrška isticanju religijskih simbola u javnom prostoru / State-supported display of religious symbols in the public space
Authors: Ferrari Silvio
Published: April 2022

No abstract.
Arsimi fetar te shqiptarët në shkollat shtetërore të Maqedonisë
Authors: Ramadani Naser
Published: April 2022

The best way to enhance its conscience for a society is through proper education. Education can be achieved in different ways, however most effective and successful it can be accomplished when being done systematically for instance at schools, universities, institutes etc. Thorough education must include all educative components such as: intellectual, spiritual, moral, civil, physic and esthetic education. Looking at state school curriculums we can easily understand that the fulfillment of all those components leaves a lot to desire. That makes the inclusion of religious education in school curriculums a necessity. The political system of Republic of Macedonia underwent changes in 2010/2011. These changes came after countless applications made by Islamic Community addressed to the Ministry of Education. At that time, “Religious teaching” was incorporated within education curriculums at the state schools as a free choice for pupils. Constitution Court however reversed its decision and the following year this subject was named “Religious Ethics”. The application of religious subject inclusion at school curriculums was based on many surveys with pupils, parents and teachers. These surveys continued years after this subject first became part of school curriculums in order to see its impact and its necessity. Results were staggering in terms of importance of this subject on broader education of pupils. Nevertheless, this subject faces challenges of different nature. Most important of all is the hurdles of incorporating this subject forward by different political and laic circles alike. Another concern is pedagogical and didactic-methodical preparations of teachers who will lecture this subject as well as preparation of text books according to contemporary standards adapter to psycho- physical abilities of pupils. Incorporation of religious education in state schools continues to be an important priority for all Islamic Communities and different institutions throughout Albanian community on Balkan Peninsula.
Bosna i Hercegovina u Drugom svjetskom ratu 1941 –1945
Authors: Duranović Amir
Published: April 2022

Rasim Hurem, Bosna i Hercegovina u Drugom svjetskom ratu 1941 –1945, Zagreb – Sarajevo: Plejada – BNZG – University Press, 2016. Str. 398, ISBN 978-9958-673-39-9.
Manipulacija u političkom diskursu / Manipulation In Political Discourse
Authors: Mulović Amra
Published: April 2022

Manipulation is a kind of speech activity which has definite intentions and aims, such as gaining control and power within political discourse. This paper will shed light on the theoretical ground on which this phenomenon is based to determine how language is utilized for manipulation. The analysis aims to investigate manipulative strategies and the language devices used in generating these strategies in al-Gaddafi s speech known as Zenga. Also, it will pay more attention to strategy of polarisation, i.e. basic strategy of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation. This paper will be limited to lexical-semantic devices (selection of negative words for them and positive words for us), certain grammatical mechanisms (passive, nominalisation) and rhetorical devices (metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole). The study shows the diversity of modes of how language of the speech is manipulated on diffe ent levels of discourse.
Odgojno-obrazovni prilozi u časopisu Novi behar 1939–1945. godine / Educational and Uplifting Contributions to the Novi Behar Magazine Between 1939 and 1945
Authors: Nikšić-Rebihić Edina
Published: April 2022

Novi Behar, a publication for amusing and uplifting the public, was published from 1927 to 1945. As a family-oriented magazine, Novi behar dealt with educational and uplifting topics, as well as religious, political, social, health, literary, and other general themes, with a view to promoting Bosniak social development. Contributors used their texts to influence the development of Bosniak opinion on literacy, schooling, and cultural, political, and religious matters. The editors offe ed room for expression to both the established Bosniak intelligentsia and up-and-coming scholars and writers. This paper presents an analysis of the articles published in Novi Behar between 1939 and 1945 dealing with educational and morally uplifting topics.
Multinational Federalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Karić Mirsad
Published: April 2022

Soeren Keil, Multinational Federalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ashgate Publishing Limited: Farnham, 2013, pp. 219, ISBN-13: 978-1138246881, ISBN-10: 1138246883
Sufism and „Modern“ in Islam
Authors: Medara Azra
Published: April 2022

Martin van Bruinessen i Julia Day Howell (priredili), Sufism and „Modern“ in Islam, London - NewYork: I. - B. Tauris, 2007, 367 str, ISBN – 978 1 85043 854 0.
Institutional Arrangements for Religion in Kosovo
Authors: Mehmedi Jeton
Published: April 2022

Given the experience of war, the major challenge for post-war Kosovo has been to create an environment where different religious and ethnic groups can re-negotiate their differences and live in harmony with each other. Religion has been central to public discussion and contestation over the past decade. To minimize the role of religion and so fend off potential incidents, the international community put in place a strong secular system. This secular model has not been satisfied with the separation of state and religion, however, seeking rather a separation of society from religion to the point of marginalizing the latter and relegating it to purely private matters.
Iskušenja vremena i odgovornost historičara / Trials of Time and Responsibility of Historians
Authors: Smajić Ramiza
Published: April 2022

The break-up of Yugoslavia and the period of transition more generally have resulted in differential profiling of Balkan historians, in how they approach certain processes in the past, work on the darker aspects of history, changing perspectives, degrees of awareness and of education, as well as standards in current and future work. This politicisation of their approach to and tendentious formulation of issues has entailed the imposition of a forced symmetry when dealing with already sensitive themes. It raises general questions about the responsibility of the historian, while at the same time bringing to light the set of preconditions that informs the action and effectiveness of historians and entire institutions at the local level. Historians have been facing the challenge of fragmentation for some time and it is reflected not just in the results of their historiographical work, but also directly in generations of their students.
Šta je to Šerijat? Uvod u epistemologiju normativne hermeneutike u islamu
Authors: Ebnou Beddy
Published: April 2022

No abstract.
Religija u susretu s modernom psihologijom / Religion encounters modern psychology
Authors: Smajić Aid
Published: April 2022

Possibility and limits of dialogue between religion and psychology is an interesting topic attracting significant attention of theologians and psychologists today. A century long experience of Catholic Church being in dialogue with modern psychological theory and practice is a proof of complexity and multifacetedness of this endeavor as well as an authentic illustration of its challenges, possibilities and potential solutions for all religious traditions faced with similar dilemmas. The aim of the study is threefold: 1) to offer a short historical overview of attitude of the Catholic Church towards achievements of modern psychological science, 2) to present the main areas and challenges faced by the Church in dialogue with and exploitation of contemporary psychology today and 3) to identify agents and mechanisms of this process. This attitude evolved from the initial suspicion and antagonism to respect towards achievements of healthy psychology and systematic attempt of their integration in Catholic teaching and pastoral work. Seemingly two factors are especially important for the achieved success, namely individual enthusiasm and systematic approach of Catholic theologian-psychologists to the issue at stake and the existence of minimum of official support in the Church for these endeavors, even at the time of the hey-days of anti-modernism in the Catholic circles. These are eventually the useful hints for all religious traditions perplexed with similar dilemmas.
The Renovationist Movement in Contemporary Russian Islam
Authors: Bekkin Renat
Published: April 2022

In recent years the Russian Islamic Internet has hosted broad discussion of publications and public speeches by religious figures calling themselves renovationists or modernists. The group’s representatives advocate revising the Sunnah and considering Islamic guidance not directly mentioned in the Qur’an optional. This is why they are referred to as ‘Qur’anites’ by their  opponents. This paper analyses the renovationist phenomenon in modern Russian Islam. A specific feature of the movement is that its representatives’ ideology combines secularism regarding the provisions of Islam with clericalism regarding government and public institutions. The author questions whether Russian Islamic renovationists should be viewed as a single organisation. The renovationist movement’s potential may over time attract the attention of the political regime in modern Russia. The government uses the concept of ‘traditional Islam’ to detach loyal Muslims from those it sees as a threat. Once this construction is finally rejected, the renovationists’ religious and political views may serve as a foundation for a new ideology for Islam in Russia.
Introduction
Authors: Bekkin Renat
Published: April 2022

No abstract.
Studije o islamskoj civilizaciji / Studies in Islamic Civilization
Authors: Mostić Emina
Published: April 2022

Essa, Ahmed, Ali, Othmani, Studije o islamskoj civilizaciji: muslimanski doprinos renesansi. Sarajevo: Centar za napredne studije, 2016. str. 294. ISBN 978-9958-022-34-0
Teistički evolcionizam / Theistic evolutionism
Authors: Isanović Nusret
Published: April 2022

Theistic evolutionism appears in several versions and each of them is evidently incomplete and, to a significant extent, internally ambivalent. Versions of theistic evolutionism arose on the ground of different understandings of God, creation, and evolution. This work deals with one of the two main versions of theistic evolutionism, namely the theistic evolutionism of scientists and thinkers, which has its most concrete appearance in Francis Collins’ BioLogos. This version sometimes appears in the form of deism (deistic evolutionism). Its dominant feature is apparent inclination to Darwin, but also to the tradition of evolutionism which preserves a positive attitude towards religion and the idea of God.
Bošnjačka vjerska inteligencija austrougarskog perioda
Authors: Bandžović Safet
Published: April 2022

Edin Veladžić, Bošnjačka vjerska inteligencija austrougarskog perioda, Sarajevo: Institut za islamsku tradiciju Bošnjaka, 2021. Str. 265. ISBN 978-9958-575-20-4.
Slika religije u savremenom arapskom romanu / The Image of Religion in the Contemporary Arabic Novel
Authors: Sarajkić Mirza
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses the narrative representations of religious agents in the contemporary Arabic novel. Contextualizing the domain of the religious in its fragile ideological age, or within the dominant secular matrix, the paper locates the established religious topoi in the contemporary novel as an effective cultural narrative. Within the framework of literary criticism and theoretical models, the paper offers the interpretation of the genesis of fixation, otherness and stereotypes in the images of religious characters. Central analysis is devoted to the novels of Taha Hussein and Naguib Mahfouz, which are considered the best representatives of literary narratives in the period between the 1930s and 1990s. The paper discusses the monolithic representation of the religious, deconstructs secular stereotypes, and analyses the phenomenon of parallax and its social and cultural consequences within the aforementioned novelistic narratives.