bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of telemedicine consultations for people with mental health conditions in the community: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Galvin Emer , Desselle Shane , Gavin Blánaid , Quigley Etain , Flear Mark , Kilbride Ken , McNicholas Fiona , Cullinan Shane , Hayden John
Published: October 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic response has led to an exponential increase in the use and spread of telemedicine internationally. In community mental health care settings, telemedicine services were implemented within a few weeks, with little time for rigorous planning. Despite the reported acceptability of telemedicine by patients and clinicians, barriers to its implementation have come to light. There is now a need to investigate these barriers, and facilitators, as telemedicine begins to show potential promise beyond the pandemic. We propose a review that aims to identify the factors affecting the implementation of telemedicine consultations for patients with mental health conditions in the community.

Methods: A systematic review will be conducted and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. Five electronic databases will be searched using a pre-defined search strategy from 2016 to 2021. Only studies of synchronous, interactive telemedicine consultations conducted via video, phone or live messaging between patients and providers will be included. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies will be eligible for inclusion. Only studies published in the English language will be included. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two reviewers. Full text articles will be screened by two reviewers. The methodological quality of studies will be assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) by two reviewers. Data will be extracted and tabulated to address the aims of the review. A narrative synthesis will be conducted and reported factors will be mapped to the domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Conclusion: By identifying the factors that influence the implementation of telemedicine consultations for patients with mental conditions in the community, consideration can be given to both barriers and facilitators that could be addressed in future mental health services planning.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42021273422 (04/10/2021)
Problem-solving in virtual environment simulations prior to direct instruction for differential diagnosis in medical education: An experimental study
Authors: Fässler Christian , Sinha Tanmay , Schmied Christian Marc , Goldhahn Jörg , Kapur Manu
Published: October 2022

Background: Despite acquiring vast content knowledge about the functioning of the human body through university teaching, medical students struggle to transfer that knowledge to one of the core disciplinary practices – differential diagnosis (DD). The authors aimed to overcome this problem by implementing computer-based virtual environment (CVE) simulations in medical education courses.

Methods: In an experimental study, the authors compared problem-solving in medical CVEs prior to instruction with an instruction-first approach. They compared the effects on isomorphic testing and transfer performance of clinical knowledge (CK) and clinical reasoning skills (CRS) as well as evoked learning mechanisms. The study took place in spring 2021 with undergraduate medical students in the scope of a medical trajectory course. Due to COVID-19 issues participants completed all study activities remotely from home.

Results: The authors did not find any learning activity sequence to be superior to the other. However, when looking at the two learning activities individually, they found that problem-solving in CVEs as well as direct instruction are equally effective at imparting content knowledge, whereas problem-solving in CVE with formative feedback imparts clinical reasoning skills better than mere instruction.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that only the problem-solving learning activity in CVEs imparts CRS and that such skills cannot be taught by theoretical instruction only. The present study has a high level of ecological validity because it took place in a realistic setting where students had to perform all learning and testing tasks autonomously.
The Value of Patriotic Education in Elementary School
Authors: Kolesov V.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with one of the most important problems of modern society - the patriotic education of younger schoolchildren. The views of outstanding teachers of different historical periods on this problem, as well as the ideas of representatives of the Soviet system of education, are analyzed. The importance of organizing the process of patriotic education in elementary school based on the integration of such components as cognitive, emotional and behavioral is emphasized. Examples of the implementation of the goals of educating a citizen and a patriot are given - the formation of a sense of belonging to the fate of one's Motherland, respect for its historical past and traditions, family values, respect for the nature of one's native land in lessons on such primary school subjects as literary reading, the world around, fine arts, as well as in the course of extracurricular practical activities of schoolchildren.
The Formation of the Educational Action of Comparison in the Lessons of Literary Reading in the Third and Fourth Grades
Authors: Nikitina E.
Published: October 2022

The article presents a practice-oriented methodological material on the formation of a universal cognitive learning action of comparison by means of literary reading in junior schoolchildren of the third and fourth grades. Three blocks of tasks aimed at developing students' skills to compare literary texts are described. The author pays special attention to the characteristics of creative tasks that contribute to the formation of positive motivation in younger students to master the content of the subject "Literary reading".
¿Elegir entre paz y justicia?: Apuntes para la resolución del conflicto del Sahara occidental.
Authors: Gimeno Martín Juan Carlos
Published: October 2022

En este artículo exploro las condiciones de posibilidad de conversaciones entre el Frente POLISARIO y el Reino de Marruecos en busca de un acuerdo de paz, en el marco del conflicto del Sahara Occidental. Tras la retirada unilateral española en 1975 el territorio fue ocupado militarmente por Marruecos y Mauritania provocando una guerra que se extendió hasta 1991. Desde el alto el fuego las Naciones Unidas han sido el marco donde se ha desarrollado la gestión del conflicto, siempre en la tensión entre el Derecho internacional (en el que se sustenta la posición del pueblo saharaui) y la aceptación de una realpolitik que argumenta la necesidad de mantener la estabilidad y la seguridad de la región. Esta postura ha posibilitado la persistencia de la ocupación marroquí del SO. El plan de Arreglo de 1991 contemplaba la realización de un referéndum, que aún hoy no se ha realizado, donde el pueblo saharaui se pronunciara sobre su integración dentro de Marruecos o constituir un país independiente. Desde 2007 la Comunidad internacional llama a conversar a las partes y resolver este conflicto por vía pacífica y sin que haya perdedores. ¿Es esto posible?, ¿en qué condiciones sería esto posible?
Augmented reality limitations in the tourism sector
Authors: Huertas Assumpció , Gonzalo Iglesia Jan
Published: October 2022

Technology development and augmented reality (AR) applications emergence have transformed the experiential process in tourism. ar offers enormous potential and advantages to the tourism sector, especially after covid-19. However, this study aims to find and gain further knowledge of ar’s limitations. This research analysed the AR platform Imageen Tarraco (Tarragona, Spain) based on a users’ survey, in-depth interviews and a focus group (fg). The analysis showed the lack of knowledge and the technical problems as the application’s most challenging limitations and their causes. It also allowed categorizing the overall challenges by type of public and delving into the factors that promote their use or non-use. The study provides useful recommendations to ar platform creators and the destination management organizations (dmos) that implement them.
Effect of Chronic Altitude Hypoxia on Redox Balance in Preadolescents and Adolescents
Authors: Ramos-Caballero Diana Marcela , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Pilar , Mancera-Soto Erica , Martins Sandra , Arribas Silvia M. , Magalhães José , Cristancho-Mejía Edgar
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Living at high altitude increases oxidative stress. Likewise, growth and maturation during adolescence can increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in redox profiles have been evaluated in adults living at high altitudes; however, there are no studies on these changes in peripubertal populations living at moderate altitudes, we determine how living at moderate altitude affects the oxidative and inflammatory status of healthy preadolescents and adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy male Colombian preadolescents and adolescents (9–18 years old, Tanner scale classification) who lived at low altitude (n = 26) or moderate altitude (n = 26). Plasma oxidative and inflammatory status was assessed via spectrophotometry. Oxidative markers included malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal, and carbonyl groups. Antioxidant markers included total antioxidant status, glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, uric acid, and thiols. Inflammatory markers included interleukins-1, -6, and -10 and tumor necrosis factor. Results: Only uric acid levels were higher in adolescents (5.34 and 5.66 mg/dl) compared to preadolescents (3.85 and 4.07 mg/dl) in both moderate and low altitude groups, respectively. Participants who lived at moderate altitude presented significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde (4.82 and 3.73 nM/mg protein) and lower level of glutathione and thiols (1.21 and 1.26 μmol/mg protein) than in those at low altitude. Their inflammatory profiles did not differ. Conclusion: Oxidant profiles increased in peripubertal populations residing at moderate altitude; this could be owing to antioxidant consumption by ROS and active metabolism during puberty.
Estrategias de apropiación social del conocimiento en salud: revisión sistemática
Authors: García-Rodríguez Laura Catherin , Torres-Sanmiguel Andrés Felipe , Guerrero-Gaviria Daniel Arturo , Carreño-Moreno Sonia , Chaparro-Díaz Lorena
Published: October 2022

Introducción: las enfermedades no transmisibles son un problema de salud pública que afecta los sistemas de salud y carga las economías y la sociedad. Existen estrategias para la prevención de estas enfermedades, como la apropiación social del conocimiento, por medio del empoderamiento de las comunidades y la mejora de sus indicadores en salud. El objetivo del artículo es describir las metodologías empleadas en el diseño de estrategias de apropiación social del conocimiento en salud en la prevención de enfermedades no transmisibles en adultos en el mundo. Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática de artículos de estrategia de apropiación social del conocimiento en salud, buscados en las bases de datos Google Scholar, OVID, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Medline, EBSCO y SciELO. Los criterios de inclusión fueron publicaciones en revistas indexadas entre 2016 y 2021, en idioma inglés, portugués y español, con temáticas de intervenciones en salud. Resultados: se revisaron 39 artículos, 36 con diseño cualitativo, dos mixtos y uno transversal. El enfoque metodológico utilizado para el diseño de las estrategias fue la metodología de investigación participativa basada en la comunidad o community-based participatory research. Se establecieron cuatro fases comunes, tituladas diagnóstico comunitario, diseño de la intervención, implementación y evaluación. Conclusiones: la metodología indicada ha sido la más utilizada en población de alto riesgo social, económico y de salud. La tendencia investigativa permitió identificar la importancia del diagnóstico comunitario como puerta de entrada en el diseño, implementación y evaluación de las estrategias creadas conjuntamente.
Estrés académico, procrastinación y usos del Internet en universitarios durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Ramírez-Gil Esmeralda , Reyes-Castillo Gabriela , Rojas-Solís José Luis , Fragoso-Luzuriaga Rocío
Published: October 2022

Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 repercutió en las prácticas educativas y convirtió a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación —sobre todo Internet— en medios indispensables para continuar con las actividades académicas; pero a la par incrementaron el riesgo de que los estudiantes usen mal estas herramientas y con ello aparezcan fenómenos como la procrastinación. Por tanto, el objetivo fue analizar la relación entre el estrés académico, el uso problemático de Internet, la adicción a las redes sociales y la procrastinación académica. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, de corte transversal. Se utilizó el inventario Sisco de estrés académico, el CUPI para uso problemático de Internet, la SMAS-SF de adicción a redes sociales y la Escala de Procrastinación Académica. La muestra la conformaron 448 estudiantes universitarios mexicanos entre los 17 y los 34 años. Resultados: se hallaron diferencias significativas por sexo, en cuanto a las reacciones ante el estrés académico, y en la categoría de la autorregulación, donde los hombres indicaron una baja autorregulación. Por su parte, en la submuestra de mujeres se encontró una relación positiva y significativa entre el uso de las redes sociales y la procrastinación académica; mientras que en los hombres, entre los problemas por el uso de las redes sociales y las reacciones psicológicas ante el estrés. Conclusión: el cambio de modalidad de estudio (de presencial a virtual) ha generado consecuencias en los universitarios, como estrés académico, procrastinación y usos inadecuados de Internet.
Construção cromática e linguagem gráfica de rótulos cromolitográficos brasileiros (1876-1919)
Authors: Barros Helena De
Published: October 2022

Esta pesquisa trata das estratégias de construção cromática da  cromolitografia, técnica de impressão histórica caracterizada pela separação de cor manual e empírica. Foram investigadas coleções de rótulos de produtos brasileiros em instituições públicas, produzidos entre 1876 e 1919. Procedimentos de pesquisa foram apoiados por técnicas de observação e registro microscópico, analisando 100 amostras, apresentadas em narrativas verbal e visual. Contribui-se para os campos do design e da memória gráfica, contextualizados na cultura material e nas linguagens visuais decorrentes de técnicas produtivas.
Design e decolonialidade: fundamentos, debates e rupturas
Authors: Batista Sâmia , Carvalho Ricardo Artur Pereira
Published: October 2022

Os estudos em design vêm sendo atravessados pelas influências do chamado pensamento decolonial, que reúne perspectivas elaboradas a partir da América Latina em resposta à imposição da singularidade do pensamento ocidental. Neste artigo, apresentamos as circunstâncias que deram origem a essa corrente, através de um panorama sobre o pensamento decolonial, consolidado pela Rede Colonialidade/ Modernidade. Apresentamos, também, algumas influências e diálogos críticos desenvolvidos por designers que se apropriam desses debates e investigam formas de decolonizar o design. Por fim, este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre práticas decoloniais em design, com o intuito de colaborar para a transformação do campo.
O Acervo da Laje e as periferias insurgentes
Authors: Santos José Eduardo Ferreira
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo trata-se das ações desenvolvidas pelo Acervo da Laje durante a pandemia do COVID -19, quando o espaço, conhecido como Casa-Museu-Escola, localizado no Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador tiveram que atuar internamente na estruturação de sua hemeroteca, biblioteca, sala de música e site, além da exposição no MAM RIO. Por fim há reflexões sobre ações que fazem parte da história do Acervo da Laje e produções recentes que o envolvem e a memória do território.
Planejamento Urbano: Para Além do Ordenamento do Solo
Authors: Santos Ângela Penalva
Published: October 2022

As Políticas Urbanas configuram um campo de importância emergente de pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano. Procurou-se demonstrar isso através de uma revisão da literatura disponível, coletando evidências de temas, autores e instituições emergentes, e fornecendo uma visão geral de algumas tendências atuais no campo, através de representações visuais sintéticas e análise das informações coletadas. O conhecimento assim gerado, representado visualmente e examinado, oferece espaço para futuras pesquisas no campo.
Design para calouros: o mobiliário urbano como tema de reflexão sobre a cidade
Authors: Rocha Josielle Cíntia de Souza , Colchete Filho Antonio Ferreira , Costa Fernando Araújo , Gomes Mayara Carvalho , Giese Juliana Varejão , Vilas Danielle Lopes
Published: October 2022

A história recente, com o advento da pandemia, tem requerido reflexões profundas sobre formas de viver socialmente, com impactos na gestão do tempo e na organização do espaço. Na educação, o ensino on-line tornou-se fundamental, e pensar atividades práticas de projeto a distância, um desafio. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar e discutir oficinas criativas como instrumentos metodológicos para análise do entendimento dos ingressantes em curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo acerca da percepção sobre o mobiliário urbano. A partir de referenciais teóricos que perpassam os campos do Design, da Arquitetura e da Educação, a metodologia adotada para dinamização das oficinas apresentou um panorama geral sobre os temas e propôs o croqui como meio de expressão de ideias para intervenção na cidade através do mobiliário urbano. Como resultado, pré-selecionamos 54 desenhos confeccionados pelos estudantes, dentre os quais 14 são destacados como categorias temáticas para discussão sobre o espaço público da cidade contemporânea. Conclui-se que a estruturação das oficinas apoiada no uso de croquis sobre os temas destacados mostrou-se efetiva para reflexão sobre o momento vivido e como atividade agregadora para alunos em ambiente remoto.
Entre metáforas e mandalas: efeitos do uso de elementos-surpresa no desenvolvimento de RGSs (representações gráficas de síntese)
Authors: Padovani Stephania
Published: October 2022

A dinâmica envolvendo RGSs (representações gráficas de síntese) vêm sendo utilizada em disciplinas teóricas em Design para fomentar a interação entre estudantes. Apesar de seu caráter inovador, quando comparada a práticas mais tradicionais como seminários e produção de resumos, a repetição pode torná-la monótona. Nesse sentido, optamos por inserir elementos-surpresa no início da produção de cada RGS. Esse estudo investiga os efeitos do elemento-surpresa sobre a dinâmica. Os resultados demonstraram que houve uma maior diversidade de atividades, maior colaboração e motivação dos estudantes.  Entre metáforas e mandalas: efeitos do uso de elementos-surpresa no desenvolvimento de RGSs (representações gráficas de síntese)
Aspectos Controversos da Liquidação e da Execução nas Ações Coletivas Brasileiras
Authors: Peixoto Marco Aurélio Ventura
Published: October 2022

O presente estudo objetiva analisar os aspectos mais controversos atinentes à liquidação e à execução nas ações coletivas brasileiras, a partir das distintas categorias de direitos coletivos, passando pelo estudo da competência, pela análise da eficiência do atual sistema de liquidação e de execução no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, pelas alternativas à execução residual e finalizando com as polêmicas atinentes à incidência da condenação em honorários sucumbenciais nos requerimentos individuais de cumprimento de sentença decorrentes de títulos coletivos, quando não resistidos pela Fazenda Pública.
O DEVER DE COLABORAÇÃO PROCESSUAL DA PARTE COMO PRESSUPOSTO PARA FORMAÇÃO DO PRECEDENTE E A GARANTIA DE ACESSO À JUSTIÇA DESDE OS DEBATES EM PRIMEIRA INSTÂNCIA
Authors: Gomes Marcelo Sant' Anna Vieira , Pessanha Jackelline Fraga
Published: October 2022

No sistema de precedentes, muitas das vezes, não se observa uma preocupação real seja por aquele que alega, seja por quem o aplica de especificar as razões pelas quais esta ou aquela tese jurídica foi aplicada naquela situação específica. Basicamente, o que se observa é uma subsunção genérica daquele fundamento jurídico ao caso colocado em julgamento, o qual dificulta, sobremaneira, a tentativa de superação do precedente a fim de ser possível a apreciação do caso trazido à apreciação do Judiciário. O debate cooperativo durante o processo torna-se o foco para a formação de um precedente mais rente aos preceitos constitucionais. Assim, sendo, com base no método dedutivo e dialético e inspirado nas palavras de Luiz Guilherme Marinoni, Daniel Mitidiero, Debora Bonat, pretende-se identificar se o princípio da colaboração pode ser considerado como basilar ao acesso à justiça.
PEDIDO DE DESTAQUE E REMESSA DO PROCESSO DO PLENÁRIO VIRTUAL PARA O PRESENCIAL NO STF: PREVALECIMENTO DO ART. 941, § 1º, DO CPC
Authors: Câmara Alexandre Freitas , Bueno Cassio Scarpinella
Published: October 2022

Análise crítica do pedido de destaque, formulado pelo Min. Nunes Marques do STF, no julgamento do RE 1.276.977, em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal definirá, pelo regime da repercussão geral, a assim chamada “revisão da vida toda”.
Estimation and characterization of the refractive index structure constant within the marine atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Zhang Hanjiu , Zhu Liming , Sun Gang , Zhang Kun , Xu Manman , Liu Nana , Chen Duolong , Wu Yang , Cui Shengcheng , Luo Tao , Li Xuebin , Weng Ningquan
Published: October 2022

We verified
the feasibility of an
alternative solution to generate temperature and pressure profiles
with the U.S. standard atmosphere model (USSA-76). We simultaneously
integrated this model with conventional meteorological parameters
measured by a weather station in the course of estimating the
refractive index structure constant (

C
n
2

). Moreover, a continuous-time-series
estimation method of the refractive index structure constant was
established within the marine atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) based
on wind data obtained from a coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL). We
also analyzed the optical turbulence characteristics induced by wind
shear during the conducted experiment. Laminated and patchy stratified
turbulences, which affect the performance of imaging and light
transmission systems, were found within the marine ABL. Additionally,
the relationship between the ABL and all atmospheric optical
turbulence factors shows that the ratio of marine ABL in the entire
layer differs from that reported in previous studies. Moreover, the
influence of thermal turbulence factors within the marine ABL was less
than that of the entire layer in our case. We report a real-time

C
n
2

estimation method based on a CDWL.
The characteristics of the marine ABL

C
n
2

constitute a reference for
optoelectronic applications.
Loss in hollow-core optical fibers: mechanisms, scaling rules, and limits
Authors: Numkam Fokoua Eric , Abokhamis Mousavi Seyed , Jasion Gregory T. , Richardson David J. , Poletti Francesco
Published: October 2022

Over the past few years, progress in hollow-core optical fiber
technology has reduced the attenuation of these fibers to levels
comparable to those of all-solid silica-core single-mode fibers. The
sustained pace of progress in the field has sparked renewed interest
in the technology and created the expectation that it will one day
enable realization of the most transparent light-propagating
waveguides ever produced, across all spectral regions of interest. In
this work we review and analyze the various physical mechanisms that
drive attenuation in hollow-core optical fibers. We consider both the
somewhat legacy hollow-core photonic bandgap technology as well as the
more recent antiresonant hollow-core fibers. As both fiber types
exploit different guidance mechanisms from that of conventional
solid-core fibers to confine light to the central core, their
attenuation is also dominated by a different set of physical
processes, which we analyze here in detail. First, we discuss
intrinsic loss mechanisms in perfect and idealized fibers. These
include leakage loss, absorption, and scattering within the gas
filling the core or from the glass microstructure surrounding it, and
roughness scattering from the air–glass interfaces within the fibers.
The latter contribution is analyzed rigorously, clarifying
inaccuracies in the literature that often led to the use of inadequate
scaling rules. We then explore the extrinsic contributions to loss and
discuss the effect of random microbends as well as that of other
perturbations and non-uniformities that may result from imperfections
in the fabrication process. These effects impact the loss of the fiber
predominantly by scattering light from the fundamental mode into
lossier higher-order modes and cladding modes. Although these
contributions have often been neglected, their role becomes
increasingly important in the context of producing, one day,
hollow-core fibers with sub-0.1-dB/km loss and a pure single-mode
guidance. Finally, we present general scaling rules for all the loss
mechanisms mentioned previously and combine them to examine the
performance of recently reported fibers. We lay some general
guidelines for the design of low-loss hollow-core fibers operating at
different spectral regions and conclude the paper with a brief outlook
on the future of this potentially transformative technology.
Advancement and expectations for mode-locked laser gyroscopes
Authors: Zhang Wenyan , Xian Tianhao , Wang Wenchao , Zhan Li
Published: October 2022

Laser gyroscopes afford extremely precise measurement of ultraslow angular velocity and play an irrefutable role in engineering seismology, tidal detection, aviation, aerospace, satellite navigation, and other inertial systems. With recent progress of mode-locked fiber lasers, particularly the realization of effective bidirectional generation, their applications in the fields of gyroscopic sensing have attracted tremendous attention. Besides the merits of excellent structure compactness, maintenance-free operation, and rather low cost, remarkably, the mode-locked laser gyroscope presents a promising approach for eliminating the lock-in effect caused by the synchronization of counterpropagating resonant frequencies, which is the most severe sensing limitation of traditional laser gyroscopes. In this paper, recent advancements and perspectives in this research are reviewed. The fundamentals of gyroscopic sensing employing mode-locked pulse lasers are presented. Architectures of novel mode-locked laser gyroscopes inspired by ultrafast optics, including bright-soliton mode-locked laser gyroscopes and dark-soliton mode-locked laser gyroscopes, are described in detail. Bottlenecks and deficiencies of the exhibited mode-locked laser gyroscopes owning to inherent physical mechanisms or measurement methods currently used are further analyzed. Finally, feasible methods of improving the performance of mode-locked laser gyroscopes are broadly expounded upon to build a bridge between their scientific development research and practical applications.
Topological evolution of acousto-optic transfer functions in biaxial crystals
Authors: Kupreychik Maxim I. , Yushkov Konstantin B.
Published: October 2022

Modern applications of acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) range from hyperspectral imaging in space research and biomedical optics to optical manipulation and ultrafast laser pulse shaping. The design of all AOTFs is based on optical anisotropy of crystals; until now, however, only uniaxial crystals have been used. Lower symmetry and outstanding acousto-optic (AO) properties of some new biaxial crystals make them promising candidates for qualitative improvements in this field. Anisotropic AO interaction in crystals allows angular noncritical phase-matching (NPM) configurations that are commonly used in different AOTF types. In this work, we perform a comprehensive geometrical and topological analysis of 2D transfer functions of AO interaction under NPM condition in biaxial crystals. The topological classification of the 2D transfer functions under an angular NPM condition is proposed. In principle, in the planes of a biaxial, the same types of transfer function exist as in uniaxial crystals, including cross-like topology of collinear diffraction, circular topology, and ultrawide angle topology. In addition, new topological types of the AO 2D transfer function are reported, which exist only in biaxial crystals.
In-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer and Bragg grating integrated by femtosecond laser for discrimination of temperature and directional torsion
Authors: Yang Wenqing , Wu Tianhao , Wu Zhifang , Wang Xicheng , Shum Perry Ping , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Zhiyuan , Pu Jixiong
Published: October 2022

Femtosecond laser micromachining has been considered as a powerful tool for fabricating versatile fiber devices and received increasing attention in recent years. Here, we report on a compact sensor by integrating a bridge-like waveguide inside a single-mode fiber to construct an in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer and then inscribing a second-order Bragg grating in the core of the same fiber. The interference dip shows good performance in torsion sensing – the maximum torsion sensitivity of 1.5573 nm/(rad/m), the ability to identify the torsion direction, and low perturbation of axial strain. In order to compensate the cross impact of temperature, the fiber Bragg grating dip is employed as the second indicator and combined with the interference dip for discriminating temperature and directional torsion simultaneously. The proposed device also has the merits such as compact size, high thermal stability, and so on.
Study on the performance of high-voltage deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Hsu Yu-Hsuan , Peng Kang-Wei , Lin Yi-Hsin , Tseng Ming-Chun , Lin Su-Hui , Shen Meng-Chun , Wu Ting-Zhu , Chen Zhong , Horng Ray-Hua
Published: October 2022

This study fabricated high-voltage, low-current DUV-LEDs by connecting two devices. Due to better current spreading and the enhanced reflective mirror effect, high-voltage devices present a higher dynamic resistance, emission output power, wall-plug efficiency, external quantum efficiency, and view angle than single traditional devices. The study found that when the injection current was 320 mA, the maximum output power was exhibited at 47.1 mW in the HV sample. The maximum WPE and EQE of high-voltage DUV-LEDs were 2.46% and 5.48%, respectively. Noteworthily, the redshift wavelength shifted from 287.5 to 280.5 nm, less than the traditional device—from 278 to 282 nm. Further, due to the uniform emission patterns in high-voltage devices, the view angle presents 130 degrees at 100 mA input current. In this study, the high-voltage device showed more excellent properties than the traditional device. In particular, it presented a high potential application in high-voltage circuits, which can remove transformers to eliminate extra power consumption.
A method for scattering angle calibration in the rainbow region using a droplet stream
Authors: Li Can , Huang Xiaolong , Fan Xudong , Kang Yang , Li Ning , Weng Chunsheng , Tropea Cameron
Published: October 2022

Accurate quantification of scattering angle versus detector pixel strongly determines the measurement accuracy of rainbow refractometry. This is an emerging measurement technique operating at backscatter angles and characterizing droplets or complex droplets in terms of size and refractive index. A novel method for calibration of the rainbow scattering angle using a monodisperse droplet stream is introduced and the achievable accuracy is estimated. The assumption of a linear pixel-to-angle relation is derived, and a calibration procedure is proposed based on global fit of calibration data to the theoretically known rainbow signal. The accuracy of this method was examined by simulations and experiments, where the uncertainties of a priori parameters of droplets were also considered and validated using shadowgraphy as a ground truth. The results confirm the feasibility of this method with a maximum absolute error of 0.032°and 3.9E-5°/pixel respectively for the intercept and slope of the linear relationship. These values translate into maximum uncertainties in diameter and refractive index of approx. 0.67% and 2.8 × 10−4.
Polarization-independent waveguide grating coupler using an optimized polysilicon overlay
Authors: Zhou Xuetong , Hu Gaolei , Qin Yue , Tsang Hon Ki
Published: October 2022

We propose and validate a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach to designing a polarization-independent waveguide grating coupler, using an optimized polysilicon overlay on a silicon grating structure. Simulations predicted coupling efficiencies of about −3.6 dB and −3.5 dB for TE and TM polarizations, respectively. The devices were fabricated using photolithography in a multi-project wafer fabrication service by a commercial foundry and have measured coupling losses of −3.96 dB for TE polarization and −3.93 dB for TM polarization.
Integrated experimental-computational analysis of a HepaRG liver-islet microphysiological system for human-centric diabetes research
Authors: Casas Belén , Vilén Liisa , Bauer Sophie , Kanebratt Kajsa P. , Wennberg Huldt Charlotte , Magnusson Lisa , Marx Uwe , Andersson Tommy B. , Gennemark Peter , Cedersund Gunnar
Published: October 2022

Microphysiological systems (MPS) are powerful tools for emulating human physiology and replicating disease progression in vitro. MPS could be better predictors of human outcome than current animal models, but mechanistic interpretation and in vivo extrapolation of the experimental results remain significant challenges. Here, we address these challenges using an integrated experimental-computational approach. This approach allows for in silico representation and predictions of glucose metabolism in a previously reported MPS with two organ compartments (liver and pancreas) connected in a closed loop with circulating medium. We developed a computational model describing glucose metabolism over 15 days of culture in the MPS. The model was calibrated on an experiment-specific basis using data from seven experiments, where HepaRG single-liver or liver-islet cultures were exposed to both normal and hyperglycemic conditions resembling high blood glucose levels in diabetes. The calibrated models reproduced the fast (i.e. hourly) variations in glucose and insulin observed in the MPS experiments, as well as the long-term (i.e. over weeks) decline in both glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. We also investigated the behaviour of the system under hypoglycemia by simulating this condition in silico, and the model could correctly predict the glucose and insulin responses measured in new MPS experiments. Last, we used the computational model to translate the experimental results to humans, showing good agreement with published data of the glucose response to a meal in healthy subjects. The integrated experimental-computational framework opens new avenues for future investigations toward disease mechanisms and the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders.
Large-bodied ornithomimosaurs inhabited Appalachia during the Late Cretaceous of North America
Authors: Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig , Cullen Thomas , Phillips George , Rolke Richard , Zanno Lindsay E.
Published: October 2022

Reconstructing the evolution, diversity, and paleobiogeography of North America’s Late Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages require spatiotemporally contiguous data; however, there remains a spatial and temporal disparity in dinosaur data on the continent. The rarity of vertebrate-bearing sedimentary deposits representing Turonian–Santonian ecosystems, and the relatively sparse record of dinosaurs from the eastern portion of the continent, present persistent challenges for studies of North American dinosaur evolution. Here we describe an assemblage of ornithomimosaurian materials from the Santonian Eutaw Formation of Mississippi. Morphological data coupled with osteohistological growth markers suggest the presence of two taxa of different body sizes, including one of the largest ornithomimosaurians known worldwide. The regression predicts a femoral circumference and a body mass of the Eutaw individuals similar to or greater than that of large-bodied ornithomimosaurs,Beishanlong grandis, andGallimimus bullatus. The paleoosteohistology of MMNS VP-6332 demonstrates that the individual was at least ten years of age (similar toB.grandis[~375 kg, 13–14 years old at death]). Additional pedal elements share some intriguing features with ornithomimosaurs, yet suggest a larger-body size closer toDeinocheirus mirificus. The presence of a large-bodied ornithomimosaur in this region during this time is consistent with the relatively recent discoveries of early-diverging, large-bodied ornithomimosaurs from mid-Cretaceous strata of Laurasia (Arkansaurus fridayiandB.grandis). The smaller Eutaw taxon is represented by a tibia preserving seven growth cycles, with osteohistological indicators of decreasing growth, yet belongs to an individual approaching somatic maturity, suggesting the co-existence of medium- and large-bodied ornithomimosaur taxa during the Late Cretaceous Santonian of North America. The Eutaw ornithomimosaur materials provide key information on the diversity and distribution of North American ornithomimosaurs and Appalachian dinosaurs and fit with broader evidence of multiple cohabiting species of ornithomimosaurian dinosaurs in Late Cretaceous ecosystems of Laurasia.
No fry zones: How restaurant distribution and abundance influence avian communities in the Phoenix, AZ metropolitan area
Authors: Brown Jeffrey A. , Lerman Susannah B. , Basile Anthony J. , Bateman Heather L. , Deviche Pierre , Warren Paige S. , Sweazea Karen L.
Published: October 2022

Urbanization is one of the most widespread and extreme examples of habitat alteration. As humans dominate landscapes, they introduce novel elements into environments, including artificial light, noise pollution, and anthropogenic food sources. One understudied form of anthropogenic food is refuse from restaurants, which can alter wildlife populations and, in turn, entire wildlife communities by providing a novel and stable food source. Using data from the Maricopa Association of Governments and the Central Arizona-Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) project, we investigated whether and how the distribution of restaurants influences avian communities. The research aimed to identify restaurants, and thus the associated food they may provide, as the driver of potential patterns by controlling for other influences of urbanization, including land cover and the total number of businesses. Using generalized linear mixed models, we tested whether the number of restaurants within 1 km of bird monitoring locations predict avian community richness and abundance and individual species abundance and occurrence patterns. Results indicate that restaurants may decrease avian species diversity and increase overall abundance. Additionally, restaurants may be a significant predictor of the overall abundance of urban-exploiting species, including rock pigeon (Columba livia), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), and Inca dove (Columbina Inca). Understanding how birds utilize anthropogenic food sources can inform possible conservation or wildlife management practices. As this study highlights only correlations, we suggest further experimental work to address the physiological ramifications of consuming anthropogenic foods provided by restaurants and studies to quantify how frequently anthropogenic food sources are used compared to naturally occurring sources.
Social influences on physical activity for establishing criteria leading to exercise persistence
Authors: Mema Ensela , Spain Everett S. , Martin Corby K. , Hill James O. , Sayer R. Drew , McInvale Howard D. , Evans Lee A. , Gist Nicholas H. , Borowsky Alexander D. , Thomas Diana M.
Published: October 2022

Despite well-documented health benefits from exercise, a study on national trends in achieving the recommended minutes of physical activity guidelines has not improved since the guidelines were published in 2008. Peer interactions have been identified as a critical factor for increasing a population’s physical activity. The objective of this study is for establishing criteria for social influences on physical activity for establishing criteria that lead to exercise persistence. A system of differential equations was developed that projects exercise trends over time. The system includes both social and non-social influences that impact changes in physical activity habits and establishes quantitative conditions that delineate population-wide persistence habits from domination of sedentary behavior. The model was generally designed with parameter values that can be estimated to data. Complete absence of social or peer influences resulted in long-term dominance of sedentary behavior and a decline of physically active populations. Social interactions between sedentary and moderately active populations were the most important social parameter that influenced low active populations to become and remain physically active. On the other hand, social interactions encouraging moderately active individuals to become sedentary drove exercise persistence to extinction. Communities should focus on increasing social interactions between sedentary and moderately active individuals to draw sedentary populations to become more active. Additionally, reducing opportunities for moderately active individuals to engage with sedentary individuals through sedentary social activities should be addressed.
Affordability of essential medicines: The case of fluoride toothpaste in 78 countries
Authors: Gkekas Athanasios , Varenne Benoit , Stauf Nicole , Benzian Habib , Listl Stefan
Published: October 2022

Background

Fluoride toothpaste (FT) has recently been included in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Whereas it is essential for preventing dental caries, its current affordability around the globe remains unclear. This study aimed to analyse the affordability of FT in as many as possible countries worldwide, to capture the extent of variations in FT affordability between high-, middle- and low-income countries.

Methods

A standardized protocol was developed to collect country-specific information about the characteristics of the cheapest available FT at a regular point of purchase. 82 members of the WHO Global Oral Health Network of Chief Dental Officers (CDOs), directors of WHO Collaborative Centres and other oral health experts collected data using mobile phone technology. In line with established methodologies to assess affordability, the Fluoride Toothpaste Affordability Ratio (FTAR) was calculated as the expenditure associated with the recommended annual consumption of FT relative to the daily wage of the lowest-paid unskilled government worker (FTAR >1 = unaffordable spending on fluoride toothpaste).

Results

There are significant differences in the affordability of FT across 78 countries. FT was strongly affordable in high-income countries, relatively affordable in upper middle-income countries, and strongly unaffordable in lower middle-income and low-income countries. The affordability of FT across WHO Regions was dependent upon the economic mix of WHO Regions’ member states.

Conclusion

FT is still unaffordable for many people, particularly in low-income settings. Strategies to improve the universal affordability of FT should be part of health policy decisions in order to contribute to reducing dental caries as a global public health problem.
Social stratification reflected in bone mineral density and stature: Spectral imaging and osteoarchaeological findings from medieval Norway
Authors: Brødholt Elin T. , Gautvik Kaare M. , Günther Clara-Cecilie , Sjøvold Torstein , Holck Per
Published: October 2022

This study presents skeletal material from five medieval burial sites in Eastern Norway, confined to one royal burial church, one Dominican monastery, and three burial sites representing parish populations. We combine osteological analysis and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, studying the remains of 227 individuals (102 females and 125 males) employing young, middle, and old adult age categories. The aim is to assess bone mineral density as a skeletal indicator of socioeconomic status including stature as a variable. We detected that socioeconomic status significantly affected bone mineral density and stature. Individuals of high status had higher bone mineral density (0.07 g/cm2, p = 0.003) and taller stature (1.85 cm, p = 0.017) than individuals from the parish population. We detected no significant relationship between young adult bone mineral density and socioeconomic status (p = 0.127 and 0.059 for females and males, respectively). For males, high young adult bone mineral density and stature varied concordantly in both status groups. In contrast, females of high status were significantly taller than females in the parish population (p = 0.011). Our findings indicate quite different conditions during growth and puberty for the two groups of females. The age-related pattern of bone variation also portrayed quite different trajectories for the two socioeconomic status groups of both sexes. We discuss sociocultural practices (living conditions during childhood and puberty, as well as nutritional and lifestyle factors in adult life), possibly explaining the differences in bone mineral density between the high-status and parish population groups. The observation of greater differences in bone mineral density and stature for females than males in the medieval society of Norway is also further discussed.
Artificial intelligence automates the characterization of reversibly actuating planar-flow-casted NiTi shape memory alloy foil
Authors: Dutta Ritaban , Chen Ling , Renshaw David , Liang Daniel
Published: October 2022

Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys (SMAs) are smart materials able to recover their original shape under thermal stimulus. Near-net-shape NiTi SMA foils of 2 meters in length and width of 30 mm have been successfully produced by a planar flow casting facility at CSIRO, opening possibilities of wider applications of SMA foils. The study also focuses on establishing a fully automated experimental system for the characterisation of their reversible actuation, significantly improving SMA foils adaptation into real applications. Artificial Intelligence involving Computer Vision and Machine Learning based methods were successfully employed in the development of the automation SMA characterization process. The study finds that an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) Regression model based predictive system experimented with over 175,000 video samples could achieve 99% overall prediction accuracy. Generalisation capability of the proposed system makes a significant contribution towards the efficient optimisation of the material design to produce high quality 30 mm SMA foils.