bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study on the Tandem Submerged Hydrofoils Using RANS Solver
Authors: Maram Moloud Arian , Ghafari Hamid Reza , Ghassemi Hassan , Ghiasi Mahmoud
Published: February 2021

This paper is presented on the tandem two-dimensional hydrofoils with profiles NACA4412 in single-phase and two-phase flow domains for different submergence depths and different distances in a various angle of attack (AoA). Also, supercavitation is studied at

σ
=
0.34

by the Zwart cavitation model. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) with the shear stress transport (SST) K-ω is employed as a turbulence model in transient analysis of Ansys FLUENT software. The numerical results show that, by increasing depth, the drag coefficient increases for both hydrofoils 1 and 2 as well as the lift coefficient. The drag coefficient of hydrofoil 2 is bigger than hydrofoil 1 for all depths; moreover, it was found that the flow pressure behind the hydrofoil 1 had affected the upper and the lower surface of the hydrofoil 2 at each distance or AoA. These effects are observed in the hydrofoil 2 lift coefficient as well as the flow separation. However, the maximum lift-to-drag ratio is observed at AoA = 

8

°

and 3.5c distance. Also, single-phase results reveal that the value of pressure and the hydrodynamic coefficient are very different from the two-phase flow results, due to the elimination of the free surface. So, a two-phase flow domain is recommended for increasing the accuracy of results. In addition, the investigation of supercavitation shows a growth in cavity occurrence on the surface by raising AoA.
Inhibitory Effect of the LY2109761 on the Development of Human Keloid Fibroblasts
Authors: Wang Xiuxia , Gu Chuan , Shang Feng , Jin Rui , Zhou Jia , Gao Zhen
Published: February 2021

Keloids are scars characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts and overproduction of extracellular matrix components including collagen. We previously showed that LY2109761, a transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β receptor inhibitor, suppressed the secretion of matrix components and slowed the proliferation of fibroblasts derived from human hypertrophic scar tissue. However, the exact mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. Here, we replicated the above results in keloid-derived fibroblasts and show that LY2109761 promoted apoptosis, decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, and suppressed TGF-β1. These results suggest that the development and pathogenesis of keloids are positively regulated by the Smad2/3 signaling pathway and the upregulation of TGF-β1 receptors. LY2109761 and other inhibitors of these processes may therefore serve as therapeutic targets to limit excessive scarring after injury.
Effect of Surface Modification on the Properties of Polypropylene Matrix Reinforced with Coir Fibre and Yam Peel Particulate
Authors: Adediran Adeolu A. , Balogun Oluwatosin A. , Akinwande Abayomi A. , Mwema Fredrick M. , Adesina Olanrewaju S. , Olayanju Adeniyi
Published: February 2021

Polypropylene composites reinforced with coir fibre and yam peel particulate were produced using compression moulding machine. Treated and untreated coir fibres were used; 1.5 M NaOH was used for the treated coir fibres. Yam peel was grouped into two, treated and untreated; the treated was modified using 1 M solution of NaOH and HCl in the proportion of 30% and 70%, respectively. The yam peel which was sun-dried for 14 days was pulverized and sieved to −45 µm. Samples were developed using treated and untreated reinforcements (TCF/YPP and UCF/YPP) at constant coir fibre proportion (15%) and varied amount of yam peel particulate (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%). The hybrid composite samples developed were probed for mechanical properties and thermal and wear behaviour. The level of particles agglomeration at the fibre-matrix interface was examined using scanning electron microscope. The results show that sample reinforced with treated 4 wt.% coir fibre and yam peel particulate had optimum mechanical properties. However, the thermal conductivity of composite samples increased with fibre addition. All composite samples developed had better resistance to abrasion when compared to the control sample.
Correlation Analysis between GDM and Gut Microbial Composition in Late Pregnancy
Authors: Li Genxia , Yin Pan , Chu Shuhui , Gao Wanli , Cui Shihong , Guo Shuhua , Xu Yajuan , Yuan Enwu , Zhu Texuan , You Jie , Zhang Junya , Yang Manman
Published: February 2021

The prevalence of GDM is very high worldwide. The specific pathogenesis of GDM is currently not very clear. Recent research suggests that changes in the intestinal flora during pregnancy play a key role in it. Therefore, this study is aimed at exploring the characteristics of the intestinal flora of patients with gestational diabetes in the third trimester of pregnancy and at finding the intestinal flora with significant differences in healthy pregnant women to provide a basis for future clinical attempts of using intestinal microecological agents to treat gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We sequenced the V3-V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene from stool samples of 52 singleton pregnant women at >28 weeks of gestation. Our results showed that there were significant differences between the NOR group vs. GDM group and the G group vs. LG group among Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Firmicutes/Bacteroides. At the species level, there were significant differences in the abundance of eight species in the NOR and GDM groups. Among them, the relative abundance of Clostridium_spiroforme, Eubacterium_dolichum, and Ruminococcus_gnavus was positively correlated with FBG, and Pyramidobacter_piscolens was negatively correlated with FBG, whereas there were significant differences in the abundance of five species in the G and LG groups. Functional analysis showed that there were differences in the biosynthesis and metabolism of polysaccharides, digestive system, classification, and degradation of the intestinal microbes between the NOR and GDM groups and between the G and LG groups. These results indicated that the gut microbes between GDM patients in the third trimester of pregnancy and healthy controls had essential characteristic changes and might be involved in the regulation of patients’ blood glucose levels.
Ca2+‐Dependent Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle by Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, an Alga Phlorotannin: In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Yang Hye-Won , Jiang Yun-Fei , Lee Hyo-Geun , Jeon You-Jin , Ryu BoMi
Published: February 2021

Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), a type of phlorotannin isolated from the marine alga Ishige okamurae, reportedly alleviates impaired glucose tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms of DPHC regulatory activity and by which it exerts potential beneficial effects on glucose transport into skeletal myotubes to control glucose homeostasis remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DPHC on cytosolic Ca2+ levels and its correlation with blood glucose transport in skeletal myotubes in vitro and in vivo. Cytosolic Ca2+ levels upon DPHC treatment were evaluated in skeletal myotubes and zebrafish larvae by Ca2+ imaging using Fluo‐4. We investigated the effect of DPHC on the blood glucose level and glucose transport pathway in a hyperglycemic zebrafish. DPHC was shown to control blood glucose levels by accelerating glucose transport; this effect was associated with elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels in skeletal myotubes. Moreover, the increased cytosolic Ca2+ level caused by DPHC can facilitate the Glut4/AMPK pathways of the skeletal muscle in activating glucose metabolism, thereby regulating muscle contraction through the regulation of expression of troponin I/C, CaMKII, and ATP. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism of DPHC activity in skeletal myotubes, suggesting that increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels caused by DPHC can promote glucose transport into skeletal myotubes to modulate blood glucose levels, thus indicating the potential use of DPHC in the prevention of diabetes.
Revascularization of Coronary Artery Chronic Total Occlusion by Active Antegrade Reverse Wire Technique
Authors: Zhang Xiao-jiao , Zhang Zhan-xiu , Wang Yong , Hou Pei-pei , Mu Da-ming , Wang Cheng-fu , Luo De-feng , Chen Bao-jun , Hou Ai-jie , Luan Bo
Published: February 2021

Objectives. To assess the effectiveness and safety of ARW for vascular recanalization in CTO patients. Background. Chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary artery accompanied with large branch distal to the occluded segment (<2 mm) is one of the challenges physicians are facing during the coronary intervention. In cases where the antegrade wire passed the occluded segment reaching the branch vessel, but could not access the main vessel through various adjustments, application of active antegrade reverse wire technique (ARW) could be considered. Patients and Methods. A total of 301 consecutive CTO patients who received the antegrade percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between December 2015 and December 2019 at our institution were included, of whom 11 were treated with ARW (10 successfully) for vascular recanalization. The applicability and safety of ARW were assessed. Results. Among the 301 CTO patients who received antegrade vascular recanalization, 11 were treated with ARW. ARW was successful in 10 patients as follows: from the diagonal branch (D) to anterior descending branch (LAD) in 4 patients; from the septal branch (S) to LAD in 1 patient; from D to S and LAD in 1 patient; from the circumflex branch (LCX) to obtuse marginal branch (OM) in 1 patient; from OM to LCX in 1 patient; from a posterior descending artery (PDA) to the posterior lateral vein (PLV) in 2 patients. Yet, ARW in patient with RCAm CTO failed, while the consequent retrograde PCI succeeded. The mean J-CTO score of the 11 patients was 2.7 ± 0.65, among whom eight were accompanied with calcifications. Sion Black and Fielder XTR reverse wires were used in 9 and 2 patients, respectively. No loss of side branches or severe procedure-related complications occurred in 11 patients. Conclusion. Therefore, ARW can improve procedural efficiency and should be popularized for further application.
Multimodal Imaging in AIDS-Related Ocular Cryptococcosis
Authors: Flores Herrera Maria Fernanda , Dauby Nicolas , Maillart Evelyne , Libois Agnes , Papaleo Alberto , El Ouardighi Hind , Postelmans Laurence , Willermain François , Makhoul Dorine
Published: February 2021

Purpose. To report multimodal imaging findings in two cases of AIDS-related cryptococcal chorioretinitis associated with uveitis and vasculitis. Methods. Findings on clinical examination, color fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies, and optical coherence tomography. Patients. Both patients were diagnosed with Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in the setting of untreated HIV infection with CD4+ T cell

count
<
100
/
m

m

3

. Ocular manifestations occurred during the course of the antifungal therapy for meningitis. Results. In both cases, fundus showed vitritis. Fluorescein angiography allowed the characterization of vasculitis lesions, and indocyanine green angiography indicated choroidal involvement. In combination with optical coherence tomography, ICG and FA allowed the assessment of treatment response. Conclusion. These two cases reveal the potential of C. neoformans to infect almost all ocular structures and the critical role of multimodal imaging in baseline evaluation and in the follow-up of patients.
Research on the Fatigue of Small Impulse Turbine Blade Based on the Numerical Simulation and Experimental Tests
Authors: Liu Shijie , Liang Guozhu , Liu Jichao , Yang Yichuan , Wang Hui
Published: February 2021

Reusable spacecraft is increasingly attracting researchers’ attention. However, the experimental investigations on the turbine blade of the rocket engine are rarely published. Thus, the fatigue of a small impulse rocket turbine blade is explored in the current work. First, the specimen and the electrode of electrical discharge machining are carefully designed. Then, the electrical discharge machining is used to machine the specimen. To study the fatigue properties, the finite element analyses are separately performed on the blade model and the specimen. Based on the numerical results, a fatigue test is carried out to reproduce the most vulnerable position. Finally, the microstructural structures of the specimen are detected using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results show that (1) different from the aviation field, the specimen is unable to be machined with the welding method because it destroys the crucial details and the mechanical properties; (2) the maximum plastic strain is present at the leading edge close to the hub, at which a 760 μm corner crack appears at the 10113th fatigue cycle. This work provides a feasible method of using the EDM process to machine specimen for the small impulse turbine blade.
Exploiting Allosteric Properties of RAF and MEK Inhibitors to Target Therapy-Resistant Tumors Driven by Oncogenic BRAF Signaling
Authors: Adamopoulos Christos , Ahmed Tamer A. , Tucker Maxwell R. , Ung Peter M.U. , Xiao Min , Karoulia Zoi , Amabile Angelo , Wu Xuewei , Aaronson Stuart A. , Ang Celina , Rebecca Vito W. , Brown Brian D. , Schlessinger Avner , Herlyn Meenhard , Wang Qi , Shaw David E. , Poulikakos Poulikos I.
Published: February 2021

Current clinical RAF inhibitors (RAFi) inhibit monomeric BRAF (mBRAF) but are less potent against dimeric BRAF (dBRAF). RAFi equipotent for mBRAF and dBRAF have been developed but are predicted to have lower therapeutic index. Here we identify a third class of RAFi that selectively inhibits dBRAF over mBRAF. Molecular dynamic simulations reveal restriction of the movement of the BRAF αC-helix as the basis of inhibitor selectivity. Combination of inhibitors based on their conformation selectivity (mBRAF- plus dBRAF-selective plus the most potent BRAF–MEK disruptor MEK inhibitor) promoted suppression of tumor growth in BRAFV600E therapy–resistant models. Strikingly, the triple combination showed no toxicities, whereas dBRAF-selective plus MEK inhibitor treatment caused weight loss in mice. Finally, the triple combination achieved durable response and improved clinical well-being in a patient with stage IV colorectal cancer. Thus, exploiting allosteric properties of RAF and MEK inhibitors enables the design of effective and well-tolerated therapies for BRAFV600E tumors.

Significance:

This work identifies a new class of RAFi that are selective for dBRAF over mBRAF and determines the basis of their selectivity. A rationally designed combination of RAF and MEK inhibitors based on their conformation selectivity achieved increased efficacy and a high therapeutic index when used to target BRAFV600E tumors.

See related commentary by Zhang and Bollag, p. 1620.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1601
First Detection of a Cluster Novel HIV-1 Second-Generation Recombinant (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Nanjing, Eastern China
Authors: Yin Yueqi , Zhou Ying , Lu Jing , Guo Hongxiong , Chen Jianshuang , Xuan Yan , Yuan Defu , Hu Haiyang , Xu Xiaoqin , Fu Gengfeng , Wang Bei
Published: February 2021

Introduction: A large number of unique recombinant forms have been found in China in recent years. This study aimed to report on a cluster of novel HIV-1 recombinants. Methods: We constructed phylogenetic trees using the maximum likelihood (ML) method with 1,000 bootstrap replicates in IQ-TREE 1.6.8 software and determined recombination break points using SimPlot 3.5.1. Results: Overall, 9 near-full-length genome (NFLG) sequences were reported in this study, including 1 circulation recombinant form (CRF)01_AE NFLG sequence and 8 highly similar novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinants composed of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC (CRF105_0107) isolated from a cluster HIV-positive male subjects infected among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nanjing, eastern China. The phylogenetic analysis of NFLG showed 1 sequence named “nj16” to have at least 11 breakpoints inner virus and 7 other sequences to have at least 10 breakpoints inner virus. Our findings further showed as follows: first, this is the first time that a cluster of novel CRF105_0107 HIV-1 strains were identified among MSM in Nanjing, Jiangsu. Second, the Chinese “4a” cluster of CRF01_AE which mainly circulating in northern China has spread in Jiangsu for more than 15 years. Third, HIV-1 recombination events were active in Nanjing city, and novel recombinants could spread rapidly through some small-scale transmission networks. Conclusion: The continued emergence of novel recombinant HIV-1 strains in Nanjing suggests dynamics and complexity in the HIV epidemic among MSM in Jiangsu province. Further investigations and molecular epidemiological research should be taken to monitor and understand transmission networks among MSM.
A tradição da vítima revisitada
Authors: Souza Gustavo
Published: February 2021

Em 1988, Brian Winston apresentou a discussão em torno da tradição da vítima no documentário, ao tomar como objetos a produção inglesa de 1930 e o cinema direto norte-americano para defender que os realizadores dessas escolas concebiam seus personagens apenas como vítimas. Para desdobrar essa discussão, este trabalho se concentra em documentários brasileiros que abordam situações traumáticas. Eles acionam a hipótese de que existem ao menos duas dimensões para a vitimização que se distanciam da ideia de vítima somente como marginal; bem como o reconhecimento de que a vitimização é uma produção das políticas de Estado.
Um olhar semiótico sobre o efeito rashomon
Authors: Santos Aline Aparecida , Médola Ana Silvia Lopes Davi
Published: February 2021

O efeito rashomon se caracteriza como uma narrativa que apresenta diversos pontos de vista contraditórios sobre um mesmo assunto, que convergem para um final inconclusivo. Esse conceito surgiu baseado no filme Rashomon (1950), de Akira Kurosawa, objeto de estudo deste trabalho. O filme é analisado por meio de conceitos da semiótica discursiva, como as noções de credulidade e credibilidade e os elementos da sintaxe discursiva. As variações nos pontos de vista e perspectivas ao longo da narrativa fílmica corroboram para a construção dos efeitos de sentido de objetividade e subjetividade, que por sua vez configuram os contratos enunciativos.
Planos frontais e autoridade em crise no cinema: o acontecimento disruptivo
Authors: Pedrosa Leonardo Bomfim , Gutfreind Cristiane Freitas
Published: February 2021

A partir da ideia de configuração (Badiou, 1998) de imagens de primeiros planos frontais, observados em filmes de John Ford, Alfred Hitchcock, Major Thomaz Reis, Julio Bressane e James Williamson, o artigo investiga de que forma “os sinais instáveis da imagem cinematográfica” (Lindeperg, 2013) são capazes de introduzir uma contradição e, por vezes, confrontar diversos tipos de discursos de autoridade que podem existir em um filme, a partir de um acontecimento disruptivo.
Narrativas audiovisuais da periferia e disputas culturais em busca do povo
Authors: Vicente Wilq
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste texto é compreender as transformações na produção de vídeo ligada às classes populares nas últimas décadas no país, tendo em vista mudanças nas formas organizativas e nas narrativas de expressões diversas dessa produção. Analisa-se sobretudo suas elaborações de categorias como povo, periferia, comunidade, que dialogam com concepções oriundas de outras estruturas sociais e institucionais, bem como outras categorias discursivas utilizadas para abordar a desigualdade.
Defining laboratory medicine, or squaring the circle?
Authors: Watine Joseph
Published: February 2021

In the August 2020 issue of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Giuseppe Lippi and Mario Plebani proposed a definition of laboratory medicine, which ends with this sentence: “The results of these measurements are translated into actionable information for improving the care and/or maintaining the wellness of both a single individual and an entire population”. Nevertheless, the selfishness of individuals may, sometimes, jeopardize the interest of whole populations. The virtue of justice being within the reach of the entire human community more than of single individuals, the final sentence in the definition proposed by Giuseppe Lippi and Mario Plebani, should therefore, in our view, be rewritten, less selfishly, for example like this: “For a given investment, these measurements are preferably made when they bring as much beneficence, and non-maleficence, as possible to the whole population”.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy for eight SARS-CoV-2 serological assays
Authors: Tešija Kuna Andrea , Miler Marijana , Štefanović Mario , Šamija Ivan , Periša Josipa , Šupraha Goreta Sandra , Tadinac Sanja , Jovanović Marijana , Kmet Marta , Žarak Marko , Živković Marcela , Šimac Brankica , Stančin Nevenka , Ćelap Ivana , Vidranski Valentina , Nikolac Gabaj Nora , Vukasović Ines , Hanžek Milena
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological tests have been suggested as an additional diagnostic tool
in highly suspected cases with a negative molecular test and determination of seroprevalence in population. We compared the diagnostic performance
of eight commercial serological assays for IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Materials and methods: The comparison study was performed on a total of 76 serum samples: 30 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-
negative and 46 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients with asymptomatic to severe disease and symptoms duration from 3-30 days. The study included:
three rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFIC), two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and three chemiluminescence
immunoassays (CLIA).
Results: Agreement between IgM assays were minimal to moderate (kappa 0.26 to 0.63) and for IgG moderate to excellent (kappa 0.72 to 0.92).
Sensitivities improved with > 10 days of symptoms and were: 30% to 89% for IgM; 89% to 100% for IgG; 96% for IgA; 100% for IgA/IgM combination;
96% for total antibodies. Overall specificities were: 90% to 100% for IgM; 85% to 100% for IgG; 90% for IgA; 70% for IgA/IgM combination;
100% for total antibodies. Diagnostic accuracy for IgG ELISA and CIA assays were excellent (AUC ≥ 0.90), without significant difference. IgA showed
significantly better diagnostic accuracy than IgM (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: There is high variability between IgM assays independently of the assay format, while IgG assays showed moderate to perfect agreement.
The appropriate time for testing is crucial for the proper immunity investigation.
Policy Characteristics, Electoral Cycles, and the Partisan Politics of Climate Change
Authors: Schulze Kai
Published: February 2021

Domestic policies are the cornerstone of the new global climate governance architecture. However, what motivates vote-seeking politicians to pursue climate policies remains remarkably unclear, as the climate politics literature suggests that climate policies are usually not perceived as a vote winner. The present article revisits this issue and argues that a better understanding of the relationship between electoral competition and climate policy making requires taking into account differences both in party ideologies and in policy characteristics. Studying twenty-nine democracies between 1990 and 2016, the analysis finds that climate policy production overall tends to increase as the election approaches due to increases in “soft” policies, such as subsidies, research grants, and information instruments, and relatively stable production rates of “hard” policies like taxes and regulations over the electoral term. Regarding partisan politics, left governments are found to produce more hard, but not more soft, climate policies than center and right governments, especially before elections. This suggests that partisan and electoral incentives are important reference points in the fight against climate change.
Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus
Authors: LYU ZHI-TONG , ZENG ZHAO-CHI , WANG JIAN , LIU ZU-YAO , HUANG YA-QIONG , LI WEN-ZHOU , WANG YING-YONG
Published: February 2021

The diversity of Panophrys horned toads is considered highly underestimated with a large number of undescribed cryptic species. In this work, we describe four Panophrys species from eastern China which were proposed as cryptic species by molecular data in previous study, additionally provide new information on the biogeography of these four species. Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. from southern Fujian, Panophrys daoji sp. nov. from eastern Zhejiang, Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. from the hilly area among Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong, and Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. from northeastern Jiangxi, can be distinguished from all recognized congeners by a combination of morphological characteristics. The descriptions of these four new species take the recognized species of Panophrys to 51, which is the largest genus within the Asian horned toads subfamily Megophryinae. Considered as an appropriate arrangement for the Asian horned toads currently and applied in this study to describe the new species, the generic recognition of Panophrys is also discussed.
Two new species of the genus Chelidoperca (Perciformes: Serranidae) from the Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: PSOMADAKIS PETER N. , GON OFER , HTUT THAUNG
Published: February 2021

Two new species of the genus Chelidoperca are described from specimens collected in 2015 and 2018 from the Andaman Sea, off the coast of Myanmar during trawl bottom surveys conducted by the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen. Chelidoperca myathantuni sp. nov. is described based on 15 specimens (74.3–129.5 mm SL) from 101–185 m depth, which can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: 3 (2 full-sized plus 1 half-sized) scale rows between lateral line and middle of spinous dorsal-fin base; 42–44 (modally 44) pored lateral-line scales; 16 pectoral-fin rays; interorbital scales extending to mid-orbit level; scales on ventral surface of lower jaw restricted to the angular (not extending onto the dentary); enlarged caniniform teeth on the upper jaw; side of body with longitudinal dashed black stripe; dorsal fin pale yellow with reddish pigment mostly restricted at base of spines and rays. Chelidoperca flavimacula sp. nov. is described based on eight specimens (49.7–70.7 mm SL) from 84–131 m depth, which can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: 3 (2 full-sized plus 1 half-sized) scale rows between lateral line and middle of spinous dorsal-fin base; 42–45 (modally 42) pored lateral-line scales; 9–10 (modally 10) scale rows below the lateral line; 6 predorsal scales; 16–17 (modally 16) circumpeduncular scales; 5 scales rows on cheek; interorbital scales extending to mid-orbit level; anal fin with yellowish distal margin and three or four rows of bright yellow spots over its proximal half.
On the availability of the name Poecilia kempkesi Poeser 2013 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)
Authors: BRAGANÇA PEDRO H. N. , OTTONI FELIPE P.
Published: February 2021

The poeciliid species, Poecilia kempkesi Poeser, 2013, was the fourth species of the subgenus Acanthophacelus Eigenmann, 1907 to be described, based on individuals from a single urban anthropized locality close to Paramaribo, Suriname (Poeser, 2013). The description itself lacked any section clearly distinguishing the new species from the remaining species of Poecilia Bloch & Schneider 1801, and in particular from the species of the subgenus Acanthophacelus, type species Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859. According to Article 13 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999) the criteria of availability for a species-group name are:
Review of the genus Vespina (Lepidoptera, Incurvariidae) with two new species from China and Japan
Authors: HIROWATARI TOSHIYA , YAGI SADAHISA , OHSHIMA ISSEI , HUANG GUO-HUA , WANG MIN
Published: February 2021

Asian species of the genus Vespina Davis, 1972 (Lepidoptera, Incurvariidae) are mainly reviewed. Vespina meridiana Hirowatari & Yagi sp. nov. from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and Vespina sichuana Hirowatari, Huang & Wang sp. nov. from Sichuan, China, are described. The previously known Vespina species are associated with plants from the Fagaceae family on the western coast of the USA and East Asia and with Sapindaceae (Aceraceae) in eastern Europe. The two new species described here are associated with Fagaceae and Myricaceae, respectively, in warm temperate areas in Asia. Vespina nielseni Kozlov, 1987, which was only known from East Asia, is newly recorded from South China. A checklist for the genus is provided herein. Morphological information of the immature stages of the two new species is partially provided. The absence or reduction of a female frenulum and presence of approximately 20 thin pseudofrenular bristles, the dorsoventrally flattened pupa, and the minute tergal spines scattered on abdominal segments 3–8 are considered as possible autapomorphies of Vespina.
A new Rhopalomeris species (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae), and notes on the phylogenetic relationships between glomeridans in Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN ANH D. , NGUYEN SON G. , EGUCHI KATSUYUKI
Published: February 2021

A new pill millipede, Rhopalomeris nagao sp. nov., is described from Vietnam. It is recognized by the following combination of characters: antennal tip with numerous sensory cones; telopods with short prefemoral and femoral trichosteles, with long, straight and acute tuberculiform femoral process, and with shorter lobuliform tibial process; syncoxial lobe being slightly concave medially, syncoxial horns being longer than lobe. A fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is also provided for the new species. The K2P genetic distance of the COI between the new species and other Vietnamese glomeridans is from 10.7% to 16.9%. Two genera, Hyperglomeris and Hyleoglomeris, are considered to be non-monophyletic, but more data and samples will be needed for confirmation.
Drivers and Subseasonal Predictability of Heavy Rainfall in Equatorial East Africa and Relationship with Flood Risk
Authors: MacLeod David A , Dankers Rutger , Graham Richard , Guigma Kiswendsida , Jenkins Luke , Todd Martin C. , Kiptum Augustine , Kilavi Mary , Njogu Andrew , Mwangi Emmah
Published: February 2021

Equatorial East Africa (EEA) suffers from significant flood risks. These can be mitigated with preemptive action; however, currently available early warnings are limited to a few days’ lead time. Extending warnings using subseasonal climate forecasts could open a window for more extensive preparedness activity. However, before these forecasts can be used, the basis of their skill and relevance for flood risk must be established. Here we demonstrate that subseasonal forecasts are particularly skillful over EEA. Forecasts can skillfully anticipate weekly upper-quintile rainfall within a season, at lead times of 2 weeks and beyond. We demonstrate the link between the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and extreme rainfall events in the region, and confirm that leading forecast models accurately represent the EEA teleconnection to the MJO. The relevance of weekly rainfall totals for fluvial flood risk in the region is investigated using a long record of streamflow from the Nzoia River in western Kenya. Both heavy rainfall and high antecedent rainfall conditions are identified as key drivers of flood risk, with upper-quintile weekly rainfall shown to skillfully discriminate flood events. We additionally evaluate GloFAS global flood forecasts for the Nzoia basin. Though these are able to anticipate some flooding events with several weeks lead time, analysis suggests action based on these would result in a false alarm more than 50% of the time. Overall, these results build on the scientific evidence base that supports the use of subseasonal forecasts in EEA, and activities to advance their use are discussed.
How Established Organizations Combine Logics to Reconfigure Resources and Adapt to Marketization: A Case Study of Brazilian Religious Schools
Authors: Dolbec Pierre-Yann , Castilhos Rodrigo B. , Fonseca Marcelo J. , Trez Guilherme
Published: February 2021

Marketization—the entry of the market logic into a field originally insulated from it—is a transformative force that has reshaped many fields, including education, health care, the arts, and religion. Marketization brings a unique set of challenges for established organizations: it opens a field to market-style mechanisms of consumer choice and competition, which undermines the legitimacy of established organizations, and it creates contradictory demands for organizational actions. How can established organizations adapt to marketization? To answer this question, the authors study the adaptation of five established religious schools to the marketization of education in Brazil. They develop the novel hybridization strategy of nested coupling and explain that established organizations respond to marketization by balancing competing demands for differentiation and conformity. The authors show how religious schools nest the market logic within the religious logic by reconfiguring their resources to conform to market demands while differentiating themselves through their religious orientation. Nested coupling provides a novel strategic approach for established organizations in marketized or marketizing fields, such as hospitals, museums, and schools, to capitalize on a logic that preexists marketization and to create a unique competitive positioning in the market.
The Effect of Wearing Foam and Etymotic Earplugs on Classical Musicians’ Pitch Perception
Authors: MacLeod Rebecca B. , Geringer John M. , Miller David S.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wearing earplugs on classical musicians’ pitch perception across three experimental conditions: no earplugs, foam earplugs, and Etymotic earplugs. Participants were graduate and undergraduate music majors attending a large school of music in the southeastern United States ( N = 72). Participants adjusted the pitch of five complex stimulus tones (C#4, C#5, C#3, G#4, and F#3) using a continuous response digital interface until they believed the interval was in tune with an oboe (C#4) reference tone. Participants tended to tune flat when the stimulus tone was presented flat and to tune sharp when it was presented sharp across all three earplug conditions. Overall cent deviation in tuning responses showed that in both directional and absolute deviation analyses, listeners were most accurate when tuning without earplugs, then when using Etymotic earplugs, and least accurate with foam earplugs. Significant differences, however, were limited to specific intervals and in magnitudes not likely to be perceived. Although more research is needed, the use of Etymotic earplugs may provide valuable protection against noise-induced hearing loss with negligible effects on pitch perception. Implications for musicians and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Utilizing GoogleMeets™ to Implement Prompting Strategies During Instruction for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Katz Sarah
Published: February 2021

Students with developmental disabilities and communication delays, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD), participate in academic instruction through a continuum of services and environments. This includes the use of web-conferencing and screen-sharing platforms to deliver instruction across a variety of settings. The use of systematic prompting often includes stimulus and response prompts, both of which can be conducted via a distance education platform. This column provides three procedures to deliver instruction to students with ASD via GoogleMeets™. These include addressing environmental considerations, prompting while web-conferencing, and using the screen-sharing feature to provide these prompts.
Pre-understanding: An interpretation-enhancer and horizon-expander in research
Authors: Alvesson Mats , Sandberg Jörgen
Published: February 2021

Pre-understanding – our presuppositions of reality – underlies all research. Many researchers probably also draw productively on their pre-understanding in their studies. However, very few rationales and methodological resources exist for how researchers can enrich their research by mobilizing their pre-understanding more actively and systematically. We elaborate and propose a framework for how researchers more actively, systematically and visibly can bring forward their pre-understanding and use it as a positive input in research, alongside formal data and theory. In particular, we show how researchers, in dialogue with data and theory, can mobilize their pre-understanding as an interpretation-enhancer and horizon-expander throughout the research process, including stimulating imagination and idea generation, broadening the empirical base, and evaluating what empirical material and theoretical ideas are interesting and relevant to pursue.
Becoming Visible: Uncovering hidden entanglements of power, performativity and becoming subjectivities in a global bank
Authors: Beavan Katie
Published: February 2021

This paper explores entanglements and flows of power, performativity and related becoming subjectivities, in a rich thicket of lived experience in a global bank. The inquiry focuses on an affective auto/ethnographic field text of a mundane, cross-continent, telephone meeting between a senior executive colleague and myself. Experimenting with post-qualitative, transversal, feminist inquiry ‘I’ deliberately plug into multiple, criss-crossing, philosophical concepts of gendered power, performativity and subjectivity. ‘I’ playfully–vulnerably assay with new ways of doing processual organizational research and making knowing–as–action, including with potential readers. ‘I’ write differently, aiming to enact and exemplify the post-qualitative organization studies terrain as unsettled, unsettling and unpredictable. In a processual, abductive interpretation of my field text ‘I’ uncover agential subjectivities emerging from unconscious affective entanglements travelling across continents and disjunctive temporalities and between human and non-human entities. ‘I’ depart by reflecting on the contributions of my paper and implications of this inquiry for my practice as an organization studies practitioner–researcher.
East meets West: Investigating the state of DJing culture and turntablism pedagogy in China
Authors: Quin Rhythy
Published: February 2021

In the West, the music practice of turntablism continues to gain traction and awareness both inside and outside of the music classroom, as DJing becomes more prevalent in mainstream music culture. This qualitative study investigates the extent and type of turntablism pedagogy in China, a country with different cultural and political values where traditional Chinese music remains the centre of Chinese music education. Twelve DJs from cities across China took part in a series of in-depth interviews. They were asked to recall their experiences learning how to DJ in China, as well as their opinions of turntablism’s inclusion in music education. Findings showed that participants preferred independent learning methods. In particular, participants significantly depended on Chinese social media applications to learn about turntablism and develop a national DJing culture. An absence of turntablism and popular music pedagogy in Chinese music education was the main reason for participants’ self-discovery and learning of turntablism. Findings also revealed a cultural disconnect between the younger generation engrossed in DJing versus the older generation’s fixation on traditional Chinese music to uphold nationalism and patriotism in society. This study examines an ongoing struggle regarding the extent to which popular music performance practices can be accommodated to work with the political aims of Chinese music education.
Alone, together: Fear of missing out mediates the link between peer exclusion in WhatsApp classmate groups and psychological adjustment in early-adolescent teens
Authors: Marengo Davide , Settanni Michele , Fabris Matteo Angelo , Longobardi Claudio
Published: February 2021

Because of the high prevalence of smartphone use in early adolescence, communication between classroom peers increasingly occurs via online chat groups. Recent studies indicate that online classmate groups are places in which different forms of peer exclusion can occur, including being banned from participating in the groups, not being invited to join them, or being shunned by online peers. In order to avoid being offended by peers, students may even decide to self-exclude from participating in the groups. Peer exclusion represents a significant source of suffering for early adolescents, with long-lasting consequences on their well-being. In this study, we investigated the relationship between exclusion from WhatsApp classmate groups and emotional symptoms among early adolescents. Additionally, the fear of missing out (FoMO) was examined as a potential mediator of the relationship between peer exclusion and emotional distress. The sample consisted of 398 middle schoolers (age: M = 12.54 years; SD = 0.96) residing in Italy. We found that positive relationships existed between peer exclusion, emotional symptoms, and FoMO. Findings supported the role of FoMO as a mediator in the link between peer exclusion and emotional symptoms. Results are discussed in light of the implications for the assessment of the quality of student-student interactions.
First-ever intraosseous ancient schwannoma of the proximal ulna successfully treated using the cement technique
Authors: Lim Kai Xuan , Wu Karl
Published: February 2021

Schwannoma or neurilemmoma is a common soft tissue neoplasm arising from the neural sheath of Schwann cells. However, intraosseous schwannoma is rare, accounting for less than 0.2% of primary bone tumours. Several variants of schwannoma have been reported; among them, intraosseous schwannoma with ancient change is extremely rare. This current report presents an extremely rare case of ancient intraosseous neurilemmoma. The patient presented with right elbow pain and disability. A radiolucent, well-defined, lobulated lesion with a thin sclerotic rim in the proximal ulnar metaphysis that had caused a pathological fracture was noted. The mass was surgically excised using marginal resection and bone curettage was undertaken. The bone deficit was grafted with hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate and augmented with bone cement. There were no signs of any recurrence after 3 years. This is the first case of an ancient intraosseous schwannoma of the proximal ulna. Although rare, intraosseous schwannoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiographically benign-appearing osseous tumours in the bone. The cement technique is recommended for the treatment of intraosseous schwannoma.
COVID-19 Impact on Transport: A Paper from the Railways’ Systems Research Perspective
Authors: Tardivo Alessio , Carrillo Zanuy Armando , Sánchez Martín Celestino
Published: February 2021

This paper analyzes the possible impacts of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the transport sector and specifically on the railways. It aims at investigating how the sector should approach the “new normal.” The pandemic had repercussions not only on the interaction between producers and consumers but also on the environment, therefore changing the supply chain. The health crisis halted passengers’ mobility and limited air and sea freight capacity significantly, consequently producing a positive impact on the environment. However, the low production trend of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is expected to reverse once containment measures are lifted. Transport will have an important role in the predicted rebound effect of GHG emissions; thus, the development of green new mobility is essential. In light of these aspects, this study argues that a new resilient paradigm of mobility must be developed for future health emergencies which meets environmental demands. This paper introduces the five “R”s—resilience, return, reimagination, reform, and research—as the necessary steps the rail sector will need to address to better continue to provide services throughout future crises. In particular, the paper highlights new avenues for research which can play an essential role in enhancing rail competitiveness and resilience within future crises. In conclusion, this paper reminds that the pandemic might be considered as a testing ground for upcoming crises and an opportunity to introduce the discussion about a new green and public paradigm of mobility.
Training Users to Identify Phishing Emails
Authors: Weaver Bradley W. , Braly Adam M. , Lane David M.
Published: February 2021

Phishing emails pose a serious threat to individuals and organizations. Users’ ability to identify phishing emails is critical to avoid becoming victims of these attacks. The current study examined the effectiveness of a short online phishing training program designed to help users identify phishing emails. Half of the participants were in the training group and the other half worked on a control filler task. The training group’s sensitivity ( d′) at correctly classifying emails as legitimate or phishing increased by 1.14 whereas the control group’s sensitivity increased by only 0.48. This difference in d' changes was significant, t(38) = 2.05, p = .048. This improvement in performance was likely due to users learning how to check reliable cues and interpret them. Despite a sizeable improvement in detecting phishing emails, the training group correctly classified only about two-thirds of phishing emails. Accordingly, a short training program appears beneficial, but a more comprehensive training program would be needed to reduce vulnerability to an acceptable level.
Children at transition from primary school reflecting on what schools are for – narratives of connectedness, (mis)recognition and becoming
Authors: Sime Daniela , Gilligan Robbie , Scholtz Jennifer
Published: February 2021

This article draws on a school-based case study carried out in Scotland with 11–12-year-olds reflecting on their views and experiences of school before transitioning from primary to secondary school. Drawing on Honneth’s recognition theory, and the dimensions of love, rights and solidarity, the findings show that school was seen by children as a place of dialogue, reciprocity and recognition; the learning and knowledge activities cannot be separated from the relational and emotional aspects. When misrecognition happens, subjects’ identity and sense of self-respect can be deeply violated.