bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verdeamarelismo, Antropofagia e Democracia Racial
Authors: Cardoso Rodrigo Octávio
Published: September 2022

Ainda hoje o mito da democracia racial retorna em diversos discursos como forma de ocultar ou subestimar os efeitos do racismo no Brasil. Consolidado na década de 1930, o mito tem firmes bases nos debates intelectuais ocorridos em meio ao modernismo dos anos 1920, e construiu sua hegemonia pela formação de consensos entre distintas, e eventualmente contraditórias, posições políticas e estéticas. Considerando os diálogos estabelecidos com o Verdeamarelismo dentro do modernismo paulista dos 1920 e a presença do racial na Revista de Antropofagia, procuro elucidar a relação destes movimentos literários e culturais com a formação do mito da democracia racial. A análise revela como a antropofagia postula um sujeito transparente e autodeterminado como consequência de um traço cultural de um sujeito, outrossim considerado afetável, indígena, transmutado sincronicamente pela absorção continuada da subjetividade europeia. Constituiria, assim, uma ala liberal da democracia racial.
RAÇA CANIBAL: A deglutição da eugenia pelos estômagos literários
Authors: Faria Tainá Cavalieri , Coelho Frederico Oliveira
Published: September 2022

Este artigo reúne alguns textos da Revista de Antropofagia em torno de discursos sobre miscigenação racial e cultural. A iniciativa parte do interesse em ampliar os sentidos da metáfora, dentro do movimento, para além do Manifesto Antropófago, desdobrando suas relações com o movimento científico eugenista, de base racialista. Nossa hipótese é que as relações entre esses dois movimentos intelectuais, de campos distintos, se estabelecem tanto no plano simbólico e discursivo, quanto no plano prático, relativo à atuação de alguns personagens e debates dos quais participavam. Nos propomos a refletir sobre a contribuição da antropofagia e da eugenia para o nosso modelo de relações raciais, de mastigação destrutiva das diferenças.
Maria Cristina C. Ribas e Anélia M. Pietrani entrevistam Gilberto Mendonça Teles e Helena Bonito Couto Pereira
Authors: Teles Gilberto Mendonça , Pereira Helena Bonito Couto , Ribas Maria Cristina Cardoso , Pietrani Anélia Montechiari
Published: September 2022

Entrevista
EDUCAÇÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA A PARTIR DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DAS TICs, CIBERCULTURA E GAMIFICAÇÃO
Authors: Vieira de Brito Francielly Vieira , Silva Wanderley Da
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo discute os efeitos e a contribuição da cibercultura e gamificação no desenvolvimento do aprendizado dentro do contexto da educação formal. Para alcançar um entendimento sobre os temas, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, por meio da qual foram buscados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2020 que incluíssem os seguintes descritores: TICs na educação, educação formal, cibercultura, gamificação e processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Verificou-se que a gamificação apresenta resultados profícuos na aprendizagem em diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Tais resultados estão relacionados, sobretudo, à capacidade motivacional que os jogos possuem decorrente das inserções sociovirtuais promovidas pela cibercultura. A gamificação — por meio de jogos digitais adequados — apresentam características lúdicas que se adaptam a diferentes contextos de aprendizagem e dão ao conteúdo estudado materialidade prática. Destaca-se também os efeitos positivos dos jogos digitais em atividades inclusivas, na medida em que se tornam mais baratos os custos com visitas virtuais a laboratórios, museus e outros espaços de aprendizado, o que, para além do acesso vislumbrado, permite ao educando novas formas de aquisição de conhecimento e troca de experiências, por meio de uma prática significativa.
UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA EM TURMA DO 9º ANO NO ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL DE 2020
Authors: De Matos Luisa Silva , Alves Elaine Jesus
Published: September 2022

O ano de 2020 foi marcado pela pandemia da covid-19 que afetou a educação e ocasionou a suspensão de atividades educacionais presenciais. Nesse contexto, o Ensino remoto (ERE) foi implementado para mitigar futuros impactos negativos na aprendizagem de alunos da educação básica. Este artigo trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo de relato de experiência que apresenta o ensino de Transformações da matéria no Ensino Remoto em 2020 em turma de 9º ano em uma instituição de ensino privado no Município de Palmas, capital do Estado do Tocantins. Aborda como ocorreu o ensino de "transformações da matéria"; as percepções como docente do progresso e evolução dos alunos com o assunto mediado por tecnologias; a experiência com o PHET simulador de reagentes e produtos e balanceamento de equações químicas nas aulas de química.
AS PERSPECTIVAS E IMPRESSÕES DA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Lima Débora Cristina de , Paula Leticia Carolina Borges de Lima , Almeida Luiz Gonçalves de , Perão Renata Andrade , Cunha Virginia Mara Próspero da
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo é resultado da produção conjunta de um grupo de professores pesquisadores do programada de Pós-graduação de Mestrado Profissional em Educação da Universidade de Taubaté- UNITAU, realizado na disciplina de Formação Docente e Desenvolvimento Profissional, que discute as contribuições de autores que vêm investigando a profissão e o trabalho docente e a construção dos conhecimentos profissionais e tem como foco de estudos a formação de professores. O objetivo deste artigo é trazer uma reflexão dos docentes da Educação Básica na identificação e percepção da teoria adquirida em sua formação inicial com a sua prática no cotidiano escolar. Numa abordagem qualitativa, foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados: questionário e entrevista semiestruturada realizada com 5 docentes atuantes nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental na rede municipal de uma cidade do litoral norte do estado de São Paulo, com diferentes tempos de experiência docente, ou seja, em início, meio e final de carreira. Para a compreensão/apreensão dos sentidos e significados dos dados coletados dos participantes pelos instrumentos, a análise das significações desses dados, foi através dos Núcleos de Significação, método esse que está ancorado nos pressupostos da Psicologia Sócio-histórica. Espera-se com esse artigo aprofundar nas reflexões sobre as perspectivas e impressões da formação continuada de professores da Educação Básica.
A era da curadoria: o que importa é saber o que importa!
Authors: Freire Thalyta
Published: September 2022

No mundo conectado e digital, em acelerada mudança em que vivemos o acesso cada vez maior às tecnologias digitais permite que informações de toda espécie sejam obtidas das mais diferentes formas. E é pela a facilidade de acesso à informação e possibilidade de produção, que surge a necessidade de saber selecionar o que realmente importa. No livro “A era da curadoria: o que importa é saber o que importa!” o filósofo e educador Mario Sergio Cortella realiza uma conversa dinâmica, significativa e informal com o jornalista e criador do site Catraca Livre Gilberto Dimenstein, quanto à necessidade de saber selecionar o que realmente importa em meio à “avalanche informacional” da atualidade.
Os jovens e as afetivas alegrias: acontecimentos de leitura e escrita em aula de EJA.
Authors: Falabelo Raimundo Nonato Oliveira
Published: September 2022

O trabalho trata da relação Afetividade, Leitura e Escrita numa classe de Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Tem como objetivo analisar acontecimentos vividos em aulas  que, ao privilegiar as relações intersubjetivas, registra evidências de disposições emocionais e afetivas mobilizadoras de interesses e atenção a determinados objetos simbólicos, que podem se reverter em possibilidades didáticas de ação à vontade de ler e escrever. Paulo Freire e Lev S. Vigotski são inspiração teórica e metodológica à pesquisa, pela aproximação a uma perspectiva humanística em suas reflexões e a centralidade da cultura, em seu papel formador e de desenvolvimento social, intelectual de sujeitos críticos. Os resultados revelam o movimento da leitura e da escrita enquanto instrumentos de comunicação, de prazer e de desenvolvimento intelectual, em seu caráter de exercício escolar e de compartilhamento de experiências e aprendizagem.
Currículo-ações-silêncios: um olhar para a formação inicial do professor de literatura na UFAM
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Iolete , Vasques Castro Dantas Priscila
Published: September 2022

A partir da teoria histórico-cultural, da dialogia e da inter-relação literatura-sociedade objetiva-se refletir, aqui, acerca do/a professor/a de literatura em sua formação inicial no Curso de Letras – Língua e Literatura Portuguesa da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, observando o currículo como espaço (ou não) de práxis e de construção do conhecimento que considera a literatura, bem como o trabalho com o texto literário, lugar de poiesis, de formação humana, de compreensão de si, do outro e do contexto sócio-histórico-cultural. Observa-se, para isso, em análise discursiva, o Projeto Pedagógico do Curso e o trabalho do grupo de estudos Relações de gênero, poder e violência em literaturas de língua portuguesa.
“Com o sangue de quem foram feitos meu olhos?” Conversando com Edson Krenak sobre literaturas e metodologias indígenas
Authors: Krenak Edson , Lopes Danielle Bastos , Peixoto Leonardo Ferreira
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer ecoar a conversa entre Danielle Bastos Lopes e Edson Krenak, disponível no canal do YouTube “Educação Descolonizadora”, realizado em outubro de 2020. Na primeira parte, Bastos Lopes narra aspectos biográficos de Krenak, sua ascendência indígena e a busca pelo nome indígena. A segunda, é a transcrição da conversa realizada entre ambos. Por fim, Leonardo Ferreira Peixoto destaca quatro pontos que mais o mobilizaram na experiência com a leitura da conversa: as (des)aprendizagens dos conhecimentos indígenas e do colonialismo; as metodologias indígenas e suas dimensões epistemológicas, axiológicas e ontológicas; a literatura indígena e a não fragmentação entre religião, ciência e arte; e a ideia defendida por Krenak de que toda literatura indígena é um clássico. Esperamos que este artigo possa ampliar os conhecimentos indígenas a partir das aprendizagens tecidas na interlocução entre os três professores autores.
Os currículos na compreensão da educação como direito humano: dignidade e cidadania na reflexãoação curricular
Authors: Andrade Ana Paula , Oliveira Inês Barbosa de
Published: September 2022

Pensar a educação como direito humano se faz urgente e necessário como nunca antes, seja pela sociedade como um todo, pelo campo da Educação e do Currículo, nesses tempos que se questionam o Estado democrático de direito. Ao mesmo tempo em que grupos tentam recuperá-lo, ampliando também a dignidade e a cidadania, pensando-as como prática, mais do que como concepções e valores abstratos, pois esta perspectiva vem permitindo que elas sejam colocadas de forma tão conservadora, tornando-as excludentes, apenas para alguns. A pandemia da covid-19 nos revelou o quanto esse quadro excludente é real, e agravou-o. Povos originários, quilombolas, populações privadas de liberdade, LGBTQIA+ – os que mais sofrem com a exclusão –, entre outres, vêm sendo crescentemente negligenciados, sobretudo no Brasil. É, então, fundamental entender os jogos de biopoder e de necropolítica que constituem esses tempos de neoconservadorismo, para ser possível pensar em saídas que permitam vislumbrar currículos baseados na educação como direito humano, de todes, para além da escolarização pura e simples, baseada em valores excludentes e conhecimentos eurocentrados. Assim sendo, este texto traz a apresentação dos textos e breves reflexões sobre eles, se situando neste campo, da denúncia-anúncio, da esperança freireana, das epistemologias do Sul, todas enredadas à reflexãoação em torno do direito humano à educação e da dignidade humana como condição para o seu exercício.
Epilogue
Authors: Jones Elizabeth D.
Published: September 2022

This epilogue highlights how the search for DNA from fossils has developed into a celebrity science. A celebrity science is the outcome of prolonged publicity: it is the process and product of consistent science-media interactions around a subject of science over an extended period of time. This results in a relationship between researchers and the media that is driven by the public interest they both seek to obtain, then maintain. Although celebrity science is a positive phenomenon, scientists did perceive negative effects related to conducting their research under the media's scrutiny. While practitioners desired to legitimize their research via the mass media, they were also constantly concerned that publicity might compromise their credibility and by extension their authority. Ultimately, the celebrity science concept as told through the disciplinary development of ancient DNA research offers much to the history, philosophy, and sociology of science.
The Environments of Ageing
Authors: Peace Sheila
Published: September 2022

Providing the first critical assessment of environmental gerontology in the UK, this book addresses person-environment interaction enriching current understanding of the spatial nature of ageing through local, national and global situations and challenges. Detailed examination of multi-disciplinary theoretical development regarding the ageing milieu indicates the value of this text for gerontological research across the social sciences particularly those engaged in policy development and practice through services, planning and design. Consideration is given to how places and spaces contextualize personal experience in varied environments from urban and rural locations to mainstream housing, specialised housing, and care home living. Situating the author’s extensive research within ongoing interdisciplinary studies and policy development, consideration is given to how personal health and well-being influences environmental control, management and enablement; the meaning of home; the value of intergenerational and age-segregated living, and the impact of global challenges. Drawing on international comparison, and detailed research reviews, this book furthers research questions, offers a valuable resource for new inquiries and provides lessons for the future. It will be essential for those concerned with ways of living in later life where the impact of population ageing is fundamental to aspects of local to global change.
Research methodology: tracking the role of medical doctors in healthcare reforms
Authors: Denis Jean-Louis , Germain Sabrina , Régis Catherine , Veronesi Gianluca
Published: September 2022

This chapter lays out the book’s research methodology. The authors discuss the methodological questions arising from exploring empirically the role of medical doctors in healthcare reforms and the related policy changes. The chapter also explains the methodological choices around the data set, the context-specific elements, and the role of jurisdictional or situational influence and agency in healthcare reforms. To answer these questions, the authors explore methodological developments in contextualist and process research as a plausible way to approach policy-oriented research. Additionally, the authors motivate their choice of opting for comparative longitudinal case studies to track the evolving dynamics of healthcare reforms and medical politics in Canada and England.
EU–China Relations on Climate and Energy Security
Authors: Gurol Julia
Published: September 2022

This chapter assesses EU-China climate and energy security relations, their flagship of cooperation. Cooperation takes place on bilateral level, between different EU-member states and China, on region-to-state level between the EU and China as well as in multilateral settings under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the UN Security Council and the G20 group. The chapter shows the complex interplay of converging interests and diverging role conceptions in the realm of climate and energy security and assesses their impact on cooperation between the EU and China. In particular, it emphasizes their mutual dependence on fossil fuels as well as the intention to deepen their collaboration after the US’ withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.
Diffusion and kinetic energy of electrons accelerated by focused few-cycle azimuthally polarized pulses
Authors: Cai Xunming , Zhao Xin , Wang Wei , Fan Menghui , Huang Jing
Published: September 2022

Using the model of the focused few-cycle azimuthally polarized ultrashort pulses based on the complex sink-source method, the electron acceleration by the pulses is studied. Under the same peak intensity and beam waist width, the maximum exit kinetic energy of electrons will be increased with the increase of the time domain widths of the pulses. Then, with the further increase of the pulse time domain widths, the maximum exit kinetic energy of the electron will be slowly decreased. The diffusion angle of the electron beam can be as small as 2° and changes little with the carrier envelope phase of the pulse. When the carrier envelope phase is changed, the diffusion angle of the electron beam is reduced by more than 1 order of magnitude with the increase of the time domain widths of the pulses. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we found that, by choosing the pulse with the appropriate time domain width, an electron beam with a small diffusion angle and high kinetic energy can be obtained at the same time. When the pulse duration is increased, the radiation spectrum of the acceleration radiation is found to undergo a significant redshift for the first time. These studies can be applied in the fields of high-energy physics experiments, medicine, material detection, and others.
Continuous-wave Tm:YLF laser with ultrabroad tuning (1772-2145 nm)
Authors: Demirbas Umit , Thesinga Jelto , Beyatli Ersen , Kellert Martin , Pergament Mikhail , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: September 2022

We report detailed experimental data aiming for rigorous investigation of Tm:YLF laser performance, especially with a focus on tuning behavior. Continuous-wave (cw) lasing performance of Tm:YLF crystals with thulium dopings in the 2-6% range is investigated under diode and Ti:Sapphire pumping at 792 nm and 780 nm, respectively. While employing the c-axis, we have achieved cw lasing thresholds below 20 mW, laser output power up to 1.42 W, and laser slope efficiencies as high as 70% with respect to absorbed pump power. The passive loss of the Tm:YLF crystal is estimated to be as low as 0.05% per cm, corresponding to a crystal figure of merit above 10000. Via employing this low-loss crystal and a 2-mm thick off-surface optical axis birefringent filter (BRF) with strong sideband rejection, a record cw tuning range covering the 1772-2145 nm interval is demonstrated (except a small gap between 1801-1815nm region). Detailed lifetime and emission cross section measurements have been performed to explain the observed performance, and strategies for further performance enhancement are discussed.
Nanophotonic detector array to enable direct thermal infrared vision
Authors: Khandekar Chinmay , Jin Weiliang , Fan Shanhui
Published: September 2022

Detection of infrared (IR) photons in a room-temperature IR camera is carried out by a two-dimensional array of microbolometer pixels which exhibit temperature-sensitive resistivity. When IR light coming from the far-field is focused onto this array, microbolometer pixels are heated up in proportion to the temperatures of the far-field objects. The resulting resistivity change of each pixel is measured via on-chip electronic readout circuit followed by analog to digital (A/D) conversion, image processing, and presentation of the final IR image on a separate information display screen. In this work, we introduce a new nanophotonic detector as a minimalist alternative to microbolometer such that the final IR image can be presented without using the components required for A/D conversion, image processing and display. In our design, the detector array is illuminated with visible laser light and the reflected light itself carries the IR image which can be directly viewed. We numerically demonstrate this functionality using a resonant waveguide grating structure made of typical materials such as silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and silica for which lithography techniques are well-developed. We clarify the requirements to tackle the issues of fabrication nonuniformities and temperature drifts in the detector array. We envision a potential near-eye display device for direct IR vision based on timely use of diffractive optical waveguides in augmented reality headsets and tunable visible laser sources. Our work indicates a way to achieve thermal IR vision for suitable use cases with lower cost, smaller form factor, and reduced power consumption compared to the existing thermal IR cameras.
Topological inverse design of fabrication-constrained nanophotonic devices via an adaptive projection method
Authors: Liang Hao , Wang Qi , Yuan Xueguang , Liu Hao , Xu Jiyu , Zhang Yangan , Liu Kai , Huang Yongqing , Ren Xiaomin
Published: September 2022

Topology optimization has been widely adopted in the inverse design of nanophotonic devices due to low computation cost, which unfortunately produces intermediate relative permittivity values that fail to meet fabrication constraints. Additionally, the postprocessing required inevitably increases the complexity of the inverse design. In this Letter, we propose an adaptive projection method for topology optimization, in which a two-level hierarchical hyperbolic tangent projection function with linear increment and differentiation is constructed and applied to eliminate inherent defects of conventional topology optimization. Two binarized nanophotonic devices have been designed by our adaptive projection method, among which one ultra-compact dual 90°-bend waveguide reduces the average insertion loss to 20.3% of its similar counterpart and shows an 8.1% reduction for the average crosstalk in the O band, the other ultralow-loss waveguide crossing features an average insertion loss as low as 0.09 dB. With the significant advantages of excellent performance guarantee and fabrication-friendly geometry control fully demonstrated, our inverse design solution shows potential to contribute to nanophotonic devices and integrated chips.
Multi-gigahertz femtosecond pulses from linear and nonlinear propagation of a phase-modulated laser
Authors: Ye Hanyu , Pontagnier Lilia , Cormier Eric , Santarelli Giorgio
Published: September 2022

We propose and demonstrate a non-mode-locking approach to generating multi-gigahertz repetition rate, femtosecond pulses in burst mode by shaping a continuous-wave (CW) seed laser in an all-fiber configuration. The seed laser at 1030 nm is first phase modulated and de-chirped to low-contrast, ∼2 ps pulses at a 17.5 GHz repetition rate, then carved to bursts at a 60 kHz repetition rate, and finally shaped to <2 ps clean pulses by a Mamyshev regenerator. This prepared high-quality picosecond source is further used to seed an Yb-doped fiber amplifier operating in the highly nonlinear regime, delivering output pulses at 23 nJ/pulse and J/burst, compressible to ∼100 fs level. The system eliminates the need for mode-locked cavities and simplifies conventional ultrafast electro-optic combs to using only one phase modulator, while providing femtosecond pulses at multiple gigahertz repetition rate, enhanced pulse energy in burst mode and the potential of further power/energy scaling.
Systems-level identification of key transcription factors in immune cell specification
Authors: Liu Cong , Omilusik Kyla , Toma Clara , Kurd Nadia S. , Chang John T. , Goldrath Ananda W. , Wang Wei
Published: September 2022

Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial for regulating cell differentiation during the development of the immune system. However, the key TFs for orchestrating the specification of distinct immune cells are not fully understood. Here, we integrated the transcriptomic and epigenomic measurements in 73 mouse and 61 human primary cell types, respectively, that span the immune cell differentiation pathways. We constructed the cell-type-specific transcriptional regulatory network and assessed the global importance of TFs based on the Taiji framework, which is a method we have previously developed that can infer the global impact of TFs using integrated transcriptomic and epigenetic data. Integrative analysis across cell types revealed putative driver TFs in cell lineage-specific differentiation in both mouse and human systems. We have also identified TF combinations that play important roles in specific developmental stages. Furthermore, we validated the functions of predicted novel TFs in murine CD8+T cell differentiation and showed the importance of Elf1 and Prdm9 in the effector versus memory T cell fate specification and Kdm2b and Tet3 in promoting differentiation of CD8+tissue resident memory (Trm) cells, validating the approach. Thus, we have developed a bioinformatic approach that provides a global picture of the regulatory mechanisms that govern cellular differentiation in the immune system and aids the discovery of novel mechanisms in cell fate decisions.
General object-based features account for letter perception
Authors: Janini Daniel , Hamblin Chris , Deza Arturo , Konkle Talia
Published: September 2022

After years of experience, humans become experts at perceiving letters. Is this visual capacity attained by learning specialized letter features, or by reusing general visual features previously learned in service of object categorization? To explore this question, we first measured the perceptual similarity of letters in two behavioral tasks, visual search and letter categorization. Then, we trained deep convolutional neural networks on either 26-way letter categorization or 1000-way object categorization, as a way to operationalize possible specialized letter features and general object-based features, respectively. We found that the general object-based features more robustly correlated with the perceptual similarity of letters. We then operationalized additional forms of experience-dependent letter specialization by altering object-trained networks with varied forms of letter training; however, none of these forms of letter specialization improved the match to human behavior. Thus, our findings reveal that it is not necessary to appeal to specialized letter representations to account for perceptual similarity of letters. Instead, we argue that it is more likely that the perception of letters depends on domain-general visual features.
The distribution and type B trichothecene chemotype of Fusarium species associated with head blight of wheat in South Africa during 2008 and 2009
Authors: Van Coller Gerhardus J. , Rose Lindy J. , Boutigny Anne-Laure , Ward Todd J. , Lamprecht Sandra C. , Viljoen Altus
Published: September 2022

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat occurs commonly in irrigation regions of South Africa and less frequently in dryland regions. Previous surveys of Fusarium species causing FHB identified isolates using morphological characters only. This study reports on a comprehensive characterisation of FHB pathogens conducted in 2008 and 2009. Symptomatic wheat heads were collected from the Northern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), Bushveld and eastern Free State (irrigation regions), and from one field in the Western Cape (dryland region). Fusarium isolates were identified with species-specific primers or analysis of partial EF-1α sequences. A representative subset of isolates was characterized morphologically. In total, 1047 Fusarium isolates were collected, comprising 24 species from seven broad species complexes. The F. sambucinum (FSAMSC) and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complexes (FIESC) were most common (83.5% and 13.3% of isolates, respectively). The F. chlamydosporum (FCSC), F. fujikuroi (FFSC), F. oxysporum (FOSC), F. solani (FSSC), and F. tricinctum species complexes (FTSC) were also observed. Within the FSAMSC, 90.7% of isolates belonged to the F. graminearum species complex (FGSC), accounting for 75.7% of isolates. The FGSC was the dominant Fusaria in all four irrigation regions. F. pseudograminearum dominated at the dryland field in the Western Cape. The Northern Cape had the highest species diversity (16 Fusarium species from all seven species complexes). The type B trichothecene chemotype of FGSC and related species was inferred with PCR. Chemotype diversity was limited (15-ADON = 90.1%) and highly structured in relation to species differences. These results expand the known species diversity associated with FHB in South Africa and include first reports of F. acuminatum, F. armeniacum, F. avenaceum, F. temperatum, and F. pseudograminearum from wheat heads in South Africa, and of F. brachygibbosum, F. lunulosporum and F. transvaalense from wheat globally. Potentially novel species were identified within the FCSC, FFSC, FOSC, FSAMSC, FIESC and FTSC.
Barriers and facilitators to vaccination for COVID-19, pertussis, and influenza during pregnancy: Protocol for an umbrella review
Authors: Nichol Bethany , Simonetti Valentina , McCready Jemma , Steen Mary , Unsworth John , Tomietto Marco
Published: September 2022

Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to infection. Furthermore, infection from pertussis, influenza and COVID-19 increases the likelihood of adverse consequences to the mother and developing baby such as stillbirth, ICU admission, and pre-term caesarean birth. Increased rates of transmission and risk of adverse consequences from infection justifies the provision of national maternal vaccination programmes. Additionally, maternal vaccination helps protect the infant until they are able to receive their own vaccinations; a time when they are most at risk of mortality from influenza and pertussis. Vaccination during pregnancy has been repeatedly demonstrated as safe and effective in reducing harm, although rates of uptake remain low compared to the general population. The current protocol describes the methodology for an umbrella review aiming to explore the barriers and facilitators of vaccination during pregnancy for pertussis, influenza, and COVID-19. Systematic reviews that investigate the barriers and facilitators of at least one of either pertussis, influenza, or COVID-19 will be included in this review. Multiple databases will be searched, and included reviews assessed for quality (using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality assessment for systematic reviews) and degree of overlap of included primary studies. Included reviews will be analysed according to the WHO SAGE model of determinants of vaccine hesitancy and separated by whether these explore influenza and pertussis, or COVID-19. The outcomes of this review will help inform the development of interventions to increase uptake of vaccination during pregnancy, and on whether interventions need to be tailored depending on the infectious disease. The key findings will identify the specific barriers and facilitators of vaccination hesitancy by considering contextual influences (e.g. sociodemographic variables), individual/social group influences (e.g. trust in the institutions), and vaccine-specific issues (e.g. safety and recommendations).
Developing an active lifestyle for children considering the Saudi vision 2030: The family’s point of view
Authors: Rakha Ahmed Hassan , Albahadel Dekheel Mohamed , Saleh Hany Abdelaziz
Published: September 2022

Motivating children to lead a healthy and active lifestyle is a family mission and a responsibility shared by society. This study is important in developing the family’s role in promoting children’s active lifestyle. This study aims to develop the role of the family in promoting an active lifestyle for children in light of the Saudi vision 2030. The sample included 405 parents who filled out an online survey about their children aged 3–12 years. The results show families’ lack of interest in applying the WHO standards and the guidelines of the Saudi Ministry of Health regarding children’s regular daily physical activity. The families are reluctant to involve children in sports clubs. The parents desire to employ crews that enhance the movement and recreational activities of children in shopping centers and parks. The results also show that the presence of the father and mother together inside the house and their educational level have an impact on the effectiveness of the positive reinforcement of the active lifestyle of the children. To promote an active lifestyle for children, there is a need to determine why some families are hesitant to enroll their children in sports clubs. Additionally, there is a need to develop media and awareness campaigns for families in order to achieve the desired goals of developing an active lifestyle for children, which are approved by the WHO and Saudi Ministry of Health standards and are consistent with families’ low educational levels.
Application of optical coherence tomography angiography to assess systemic severity in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Kakihara Shinji , Hirano Takao , Kitahara Junya , Matsuda Yorishige , Imai Akira , Miyahara Teruyoshi , Murata Toshinori
Published: September 2022

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis is an autosomal dominant form of amyloidosis caused by an abnormality in transthyretin, with various ocular manifestations. Among these, ocular amyloid angiopathy has attracted attention because of its direct link to visual impairment and its correlation with systemic severity. We hypothesized that optical coherence tomography angiographic parameters would be useful biomarkers of amyloidosis systemic severity and investigated their correlation with the systemic severity score. The primary outcome was the correlation between the systemic severity score and choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage. Secondary outcomes were the correlations between the systemic severity score and retinal optical coherence tomography angiographic parameters, including foveal avascular zone size and circularity and superficial/deep/total retinal perfusion and vessel densities. The choroidal and retinal vasculature was quantified in 36 eyes from 36 patients (age, 51.8±12.1 years; disease duration, 13.4±6.2 years). Ten eyes had a history of vitrectomy for vitreous opacity. Choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage was not significantly correlated with the systemic severity score (Spearman’s rank correlation: r = 2.96×10−2, p = 0.863). Similarly, foveal avascular zone size and circularity, and superficial/deep/total retinal perfusion and vessel densities were not significantly correlated with the systemic severity score. These results may indicate that optical coherence tomography angiographic parameters are not sufficient to predict amyloidosis severity.
Prevalence of self-reported diabetes risk factors and integration of diabetes screening and referral at two urban HIV care and treatment clinics in Zambia
Authors: Baumgartner Joy Noel , Nyambe Namakau , Vasudevan Lavanya , Kasonde Prisca , Welsh Michael
Published: September 2022

People living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are living longer and are at risk of HIV co-morbidities including non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in low-resource settings. However, the evidence base for effectively integrating HIV and NCD care is limited. The Chronic Health Care (CHC) checklist, designed to screen for multiple NCDs including a 6-item diabetes self-report screener, was implemented at two PEPFAR-supported HIV clinics in Kabwe and Kitwe, Zambia. Study objectives were to describe the HIV care and treatment population and their self-reported diabetes-related symptoms, and to evaluate provider-initiated screening and referral post-training on the CHC checklist. This cross-sectional study enrolled 435 adults receiving combination ART services. Clinic exit interviews revealed 46% self-reported at least one potential symptom, and 6% self-reported three or more symptoms to the study team, indicating risk for diabetes and need for further diagnostic testing. In comparison, only 8% of all participants reported being appropriately screened for diabetes by their health provider, with less than 1% referred for further testing. This missed opportunity for screening and referral indicates that HIV-NCD integration efforts need more fully resourced and multi-pronged approaches in order to ensure that PLWH who are already accessing ART receive the comprehensive, holistic care they need.
Általános- és középiskolás diákok környezettudatosságát meghatározó
tényezők a Fenntarthatósági Témahét 2021-es nagymintás vizsgálata alapján
Authors: Mónus Ferenc , Bacskai Katinka , Varga Attila , Berze Iván Zsolt , Néder Katalin , Dúll Andrea
Published: September 2022

Napról napra több kutatás erősíti meg, hogy nemcsak közelítjük, de
át is léptük az ökológia krízishez vezető út küszöbét, így napjainkban a
fenntarthatóságra nevelést segítő iskolai programok megvalósításának és
népszerűsítésének rendkívül nagy jelentősége van. Számos országban
évtizedek óta folyik ezen fenntarthatósági programok hatékonyságának magas,
nemzetközi standardok szerinti értékelése. Bár hazánkban is számos
publikáció született e területen, ezek gyakran csak egy-egy településen
vagy megyében gyűjtött, kisszámú mintán alapszanak. Tanulmányunkban
bemutatjuk a 2016 óta működő Fenntarthatósági Témahét (FTH) programsorozat
keretein belül életre hívott Diákok és tanárok a fenntarthatóságról című
kutatás során a 2021-ben kitöltött diákkérdőívek alapján kapott fontosabb
eredményeket. Bemutatjuk a válaszadó diákok iskoláinak az iskolák országos
megoszlási adataival való összevetését. Továbbá több, a környezettudatos
szemlélet és viselkedés mérésére kidolgozott mutató (pl. NEP skála,
természethez kapcsolódás skála, környezetbarát viselkedés különböző
aspektusait mérő változók) alapján bemutatjuk, hogy a magyar diákok
környezettudatossága milyen szociodemográfiai és szocioökonómiai
változókkal függ össze. Eredményeink szerint az FTH programban részt vevő
iskolák között – különösen a középiskolák esetében – jobban reprezentáltak
a magasabb fejlettségű régiók és a nagyvárosok iskolái, a válaszadó diákok
az országos átlagnál magasabb szociokulturális háttérrel rendelkeznek,
továbbá a középiskolák esetén a kitöltő diákok iskolái a pedagógiai munka
tekintetében is kiemelkedők. A környezettudatosság terén a vizsgált
háttértényezők közül a nem és a szociokulturális háttér hatása bizonyult a
legerősebbnek, illetve általános iskolások esetén a kor hatása is jelentős
volt. Mindkét korosztály esetén a családban lévő informatikai eszközök
számának növekedése a környezettudatos szemlélet és viselkedés gyengébb
mutatóival, míg a diákok FTH programban való részvétele a
környezettudatosság jobb mutatóival járt együtt.
Do papel de juiz de direito ao de um torcedor fanático e preconceituoso
Authors: Da Costa Murilo Jardelino , Torresan Jorge Luís
Published: September 2022

Este artigo analisa a sentença expedida no caso do jogador de futebol Richarlysson. Nossa intenção é mostrar como esse gênero específico da esfera do judiciário foi subvertido pelo posicionamento fanático e preconceituoso do juiz de direito que a expediu. A teoria para sustentar a nossa análise tem como base os conceitos de gênero de discurso do pensador russo M. Bakhtin e o de ethos discursivo.
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 18 No. 2, Maret 2022
Authors: Editors
Published: September 2022

This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology Vol. 18 No. 2, Maret 2022
Mennyire nyitottak az egyetemisták megosztani a tudásukat egymással?
Authors: Juhász Tímea , Csongrádi Gyöngyi , Tóth Arnold
Published: September 2022

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA

Ma már nem kérdés, hogy a tudás az egyik legfontosabb humán érték, amelynek megszerzése, fejlesztése, és megőrzése sokak számára nélkülözhetetlen. A tudás menedzselése alatt olyan tevékenységeket értünk, melyek célja az összegyűjtött ismeretek, a tapasztalatok, a szakértelem dokumentálása, rendszerezése, megosztása, továbbfejlesztése illetve hatékony felhasználása. Nem véletlen, hogy az egyénileg megszerzett, fejlesztett tudásvagyont a legtöbben szeretnék megőrizni. Kérdés azonban, hogy hajlandóak-e a hallgatók a tudásukat másokkal is megosztani. A cikk szerzői ebben a felmérésben egyetemisták körében vizsgálták meg, hogy mennyire nyitottak az ismereteik átadására egymás között.

ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN

A szerzők a felsőoktatási intézményben tanulók tudásátadási hajlandóságát 2021-ben zajlott kutatás keretében vizsgálták. A válaszadóknak egy, az interneten közzétett kérdőívet kellett kitölteniük, anonim és önkéntes módon.

LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK

A vizsgálati eredmények azt igazolták, hogy közepesen hajlandóak a hallgatók a diáktársaiknak átadni az információkat, és ezért nem elsősorban materiális kompenzációt várnak el egymástól. A diákok közötti tudástranszfer ösztönzése része kell legyen az egyetemi oktatásnak és javasolt olyan lehetőségeket teremteni, hogy minél több helyzetben tudják a tanulók megosztani egymás között az információkat, mellyel nem csak a tanulás hatékonyságát tudják növelni, hanem később, az üzleti életben is hasznosítható tapasztalatokat szerezhetnek.
Art and Protest in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kudaibergenova Diana T.
Published: September 2022

Recent events in Kazakhstan show that political art has the potential to be a potent form of protest in some of the most authoritarian states in contemporary Central Asia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, artists in Kazakhstan and elsewhere in the region began turning away from the canon of Socialist Realist art, with its sole aim of serving the regime and depicting its visions of the future. New forms of contemporary art emerged, drawing sharp contrasts with official art in form, content, and culture, as more artists insisted on freedom from state patronage and control. In the political upheaval following the resignation of long-ruling President Nursultan Nazarbayev, artists have inspired protests with pointed critiques.
How Russia’s Patriotic History Projects Support Putin’s War
Authors: Hirsch Francine
Published: September 2022

A key element of the propaganda campaign to get the Russian public behind the invasion of Ukraine has been a program of national-patriotic education. Nationwide exhibitions present World War II history with a slant calculated to instill pride in Russian heroism and stir up hostility toward Ukraine.
Örgütlerde bir tehdit unsuru olarak olumsuz iş yeri dedikodusu ve çalışanlar üzerindeki etkisi
Authors: SÜRÜCÜ Lütfi
Published: September 2022

Örgütlerde de yaygın olan dedikodunun, çalışanlar üzerindeki etkilerine yönelik yapılan araştırmalarda kayda değer ilerlemeye rağmen, özellikle olumsuz işyeri dedikodusunun çalışanın işle ilgili davranışlarını nasıl etkilediği hakkında yeterli literatür bulunmaktadır. Literatürde oluşan bu boşluğu kapatmaya yönelik olarak yapılan bu araştırmada; olumsuz iş yeri dedikodusu, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı, işten ayrılma niyeti ve işgören performansını içeren kavramsal bir model önerilmiştir. Önerilen modeli test etmek için Bursa’da sanayi ve hizmet sektörü çalışanlarından anket verisi elde edilmiştir (n=418). Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları olumsuz iş yeri dedikodusunun örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışını azalttığı ve işten ayrılma niyetini arttırdığını göstermektedir. Bulgular ayrıca azalan örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ve artan işten ayrılma niyetinin işgören performansını olumsuz etkilendiğini belgelemektedir. Araştırma bulguları olumsuz iş yeri dedikodusuna yönelik literatürü zenginleştirirken uygulayıcılara ilişkin iç görüler sağlamaktadır.
Dynamic multi-mode resource-constrained multi-project scheduling problem with weighted earliness and tardiness: a real-life boutique furniture implementation
Authors: RUHLUSARAÇ Murat , ÇALIŞKAN Filiz
Published: September 2022

Real-life project scheduling environments are often dynamic and subject to disruption. Early or late completion of interrupted projects can create costs for the business. At the same time, there is an alternative to producing multiple projects at multiple different costs. In this study, a new mixed integer linear programming model that minimizes the sum of weighted earliness and tardiness penalties and mode selection costs is proposed to solve the real-life problem faced by a boutique furniture company. A proposed dynamic model also considers the cost of deviation from the baseline schedule in case disruption scenarios corrupt the resulting baseline schedule. The problems are solved with the CPLEX solver using the GAMS program. The results show that the interruption scenarios partially change the baseline schedule and increase the total cost. In case of more than one interruption in the same schedule, the number of late completed activities and their delay times increased.
Endometriosis among African women
Authors: Mecha Ezekiel O , Njagi Joseph N , Makunja Roselydiah N , Omwandho Charles O A , Saunders Philippa T K , Horne Andrew W
Published: September 2022

Endometriosis has long been wrongly perceived to be rare among women of African descent. The misconception about the prevalence of endometriosis among African women has significantly contributed to long diagnostic delays, limited access to diagnosis and care, and a scarcity of research on the condition among African women. In this commentary, we highlight the prevalence of endometriosis among African women, the state of endometriosis care in Africa, and the gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. Based on the available data, the prevalence of endometriosis in Africa is likely higher than previously thought, with varying subtypes. There is a long diagnostic delay of endometriosis among African women. Additionally, endometriosis care in Africa from the general population and health practitioners is poor; this can be attributed to the high diagnostic cost, scarcity of trained specialists, as well as patients’ inability to express their symptoms due to societal taboos surrounding menstrual health. Public sensitization on endometriosis may help improve endometriosis diagnosis and care in Africa.

Lay summary

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue like the uterine lining is found outside the uterus, causing women to experience pain especially before, during, or after menstruation. Although endometriosis affects an estimated 176 million women worldwide, it has been wrongly reported that endometriosis is a rare condition among African women, mainly due to lack of awareness among healthcare providers and historical bias. In the current commentary, we discuss the prevalence of endometriosis, the diagnostic delays, and the care of endometriosis among black African women living in the African continent. Much of the literature has demonstrated (falsely) that endometriosis is rare in Black women compared to White ethnicity. African women experience a long diagnostic delay and do not receive appropriate care. Public awareness of endometriosis may help improve diagnosis delay and endometriosis care in Africa.
Successful full-term delivery after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the second trimester of pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Kim Bo Ram , Kim Min Young , Kang Hye Sim , Shim Soon Sup , Kim Rina
Published: September 2022

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in pregnancy is extremely rare. In this case report, a 43-year-old female patient at 24.0 weeks of gestation collapsed outside her home after cardiac arrest. The paramedics performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation with defibrillation for ventricular fibrillation. Spontaneous circulation was achieved after 19 minutes. The fetus was stable during postarrest care. The patient exhibited high blood pressure with seizure-like symptoms for 2 days afterwards, which resolved with magnesium sulfate. She gradually recovered and returned to her daily activities while on treatment with beta blockers for cardiomyopathy and premature ventricular contractions until delivery. At 37.2 weeks of gestation, she underwent elective Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The baby weighed 2.55 kg and did not present with any complications. Here, we report a case of successful full-term delivery in a patient who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation for sudden cardiac arrest during the second trimester of pregnancy.