bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Patterns of Codon Usage and Amino Acid Composition across Primate Lentiviruses
Authors: Pavesi Angelo , Romerio Fabio
Published: July 2023

A common feature of the mammalian Lentiviruses (family Retroviridae) is an RNA genome that contains an extremely high frequency of adenine (31.7–38.2%) while being extremely poor in cytosine (13.9–21.2%). Such a biased nucleotide composition has implications for codon usage, causing a striking difference between the frequency of synonymous codons in Lentiviruses and that in their hosts. To test whether primate Lentiviruses present differences in codon and amino acid composition, we assembled a dataset of genome sequences that includes SIV species infecting Old-World monkeys and African apes, HIV-2, and the four groups of HIV-1. Using principal component analysis, we found that HIV-1 shows a significant enrichment in adenine plus thymine in the third synonymous codon position and in adenine and guanine in the first and second nonsynonymous codon positions. Similarly, we observed an enrichment in adenine and in guanine in nonsynonymous first and second codon positions, which affects the amino acid composition of the proteins Gag, Pol, Vif, Vpr, Tat, Rev, Env, and Nef. This result suggests an effect of natural selection in shaping codon usage. Under the hypothesis that the use of synonyms in HIV-1 could reflect adaptation to that of genes expressed in specific cell types, we found a highly significant correlation between codon usage in HIV-1 and monocytes, which was remarkably higher than that with B and T lymphocytes. This finding is in line with the notion that monocytes represent an HIV-1 reservoir in infected patients, and it could help understand how this reservoir is established and maintained.
Study on the Evolution of Risk Contagion in Urban River Ecological Management Projects Based on SEIRS
Authors: Xu Junke , Zhu Jiwei , Xie Jiancang
Published: July 2023

The risk transmission mechanisms of urban river ecological management engineering projects are examined in this study. Using the Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered Susceptible (SEIRS) model for risk transmission, a model of risk propagation delay for urban river ecological management engineering projects on scale-free networks is developed, which takes into account the effects of risk propagation and delay. We conducted a steady-state analysis of the model and obtained the basic reproduction number R. When R > 1, the equilibrium point of risk outbreak is stable, and when R < 1, the equilibrium point of risk disappearance is stable. Numerical simulations of the model were conducted using the MATLAB2022b to reveal the dynamic propagation patterns of risk in urban river ecological management engineering projects. The research results show that the steady-state density of the infected nodes in the network increases with the increase in the effective propagation rate and the propagation delay time; the propagation delay reduces the risk propagation threshold in the network and accelerates the occurrence of the equilibrium state of risk outbreak. There is a correlation between the transmission rate of latent nodes and the transmission rate of infected nodes, and the effective transmission rate of latent nodes has a greater influence on risk propagation. The spread of risk in the network can be effectively controlled and mitigated with targeted immunity for susceptible nodes. This article, based on the theory of complex networks and the mean-field theory, takes into account the propagation delay and spreading of latent nodes. Building a D-SEIRS model for risk propagation broadens the research perspective on urban river ecological management risk propagation.
Advancing Water Quality Research: K-Nearest Neighbor Coupled with the Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm Model Unveils New Possibilities for Dry Residue Prediction
Authors: Tahraoui Hichem , Toumi Selma , Hassein-Bey Amel Hind , Bousselma Abla , Sid Asma Nour El Houda , Belhadj Abd-Elmouneïm , Triki Zakaria , Kebir Mohammed , Amrane Abdeltif , Zhang Jie , Assadi Amin Aymen , Chebli Derradji , Bouguettoucha Abdallah , Mouni Lotfi
Published: July 2023

Monitoring stations have been established to combat water pollution, improve the ecosystem, promote human health, and facilitate drinking water production. However, continuous and extensive monitoring of water is costly and time-consuming, resulting in limited datasets and hindering water management research. This study focuses on developing an optimized K-nearest neighbor (KNN) model using the improved grey wolf optimization (I-GWO) algorithm to predict dry residue quantities. The model incorporates 20 physical and chemical parameters derived from a dataset of 400 samples. Cross-validation is employed to assess model performance, optimize parameters, and mitigate the risk of overfitting. Four folds are created, and each fold is optimized using 11 distance metrics and their corresponding weighting functions to determine the best model configuration. Among the evaluated models, the Jaccard distance metric with inverse squared weighting function consistently demonstrates the best performance in terms of statistical errors and coefficients for each fold. By averaging predictions from the models in the four folds, an estimation of the overall model performance is obtained. The resulting model exhibits high efficiency, with remarkably low errors reflected in the values of R, R2, R2ADJ, RMSE, and EPM, which are reported as 0.9979, 0.9958, 0.9956, 41.2639, and 3.1061, respectively. This study reveals a compelling non-linear correlation between physico-chemical water attributes and the content of dry tailings, indicating the ability to accurately predict dry tailing quantities. By employing the proposed methodology to enhance water quality models, it becomes possible to overcome limitations in water quality management and significantly improve the precision of predictions regarding critical water parameters.
Experimental Investigation of Coastal Flooding Hydrodynamics Using a Hybrid Defense System
Authors: Yeganeh-Bakhtiary Abbas , Kolahian Mohammadreza , Eyvazoghli Hossein
Published: July 2023

Recent studies indicated that coastal green belts could not provide proper protection from extreme coastal flooding. Recent studies recommend employing a compound defense system of natural and artificial structures for extreme hazards. In this study, we introduce a new compound defense system consisting of coastal mangrove trees combined with reef ball modular structures. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate drag force reduction through the hybrid defense system. The hybrid defense system was subjected to a surge-type flow generated by a quickly lifting gate in a laboratory water tank. Within the experimental framework, the hydrodynamics of coastal flooding were described by the characteristics of the surge bore and the absorbed drag force. The obtained results show that the hybrid system effectively enhanced the absorbed bore drag forces and significantly improved the flow-damping performance.
Assessing the Educational Needs of Urban Gardeners and Farmers on the Subject of Soil Contamination
Authors: Harms Ashley , Presley DeAnn , Hettiarachchi Ganga , Thien Stephen
Published: July 2023

Participation in urban agriculture is growing throughout the United States; however, potential soil contaminants in urban environments present challenges. Individuals in direct contact with urban soil should be aware of urban soil quality and soil contamination issues to minimize environmental and human health risks. The study reported here assessed the needs of urban gardeners and farmers throughout the United States with respect to soil contamination. Our results suggest that urban gardeners and farmers need and want information and guidance on best management practices for safely growing food crops on mildly contaminated urban soils.
Insect Identification Educational Volunteers Created in Train-the-Trainer Workshops in Oregon and Washington
Authors: Corp Mary , Rondon Silvia , Vleet Stephen
Published: July 2023

The "train-the-trainer" model successfully created volunteer educators in insect identification. Intensive training programs prepared 71 individuals during 2 1/2-day (20 hour) training sessions. Trainees included university Extension faculty (13), agricultural professionals (13), and certified Master Gardeners (45). The sessions were intense, hands-on learning in insect identification. A post-training survey demonstrated that 1 year post training trainees had conducted insect education (86%) and provided identification services (96%). About 700 community service hours by the trainees had been conducted. The key to success was volunteers with prior training in agronomy and/or gardening, plus an established track record in volunteerism.
Social Responsibilities of Health Care Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Avoiding Privacy Infringements and the Stigmatization of Patients
Authors: MOON Jae Young , PARK Hye Yoon , CHOI Eun Kyung
Published: July 2023

This article explores the social responsibilities of healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those concerning the stigmatization of individuals and the infringement of privacy. In the context of public health crises like the current COVID-19 pandemic, HCPs have the dual responsibility of respecting the rights and interests of individuals and at the same time protecting and promoting public health. While contact-tracing is considered an essential public health tool, it can conflict with the rights and interests of individuals. Furthermore, the fact that exposure to infectious diseases can lead to social stigmatization and discrimination complicates efforts to protect public health during infectious disease outbreaks. The tension between respecting the rights and interests of individuals and protecting public health requires the careful attention of HCPs. This article argues for the development and implementation of ethical frameworks or models concerning the dual responsibilities of HCPs in the context of infectious disease outbreaks.
Efficient diameter enlargement of bulk AlN single crystals with high structural quality
Authors: Hartmann Carsten , Kabukcuoglu Merve Pinar , Richter Carsten , Klump Andrew , Schulz Detlev , Juda Uta , Bickermann Matthias , Hänschke Daniel , Schröder Thomas , Straubinger Thomas
Published: July 2023

We present the growth of bulk AlN crystals by physical vapor transport and the structural characterization by various X-ray techniques and defect-selective etching. Starting from native AlN seeds with 8 mm in diameter we show a fast increase of the crystal diameters with expansion angles of about 45°. Only two subsequent grown seeded crystals are required to reach crystals up to 34 mm in diameter. The threading dislocation density is below 104 cm−2. The process outlines a shortcut path to industrially relevant AlN crystal diameters compared to all other published expansion processes for bulk AlN crystals so far.
Recursive Input-Output Linearization for Slow-Fast Realization of Nonholonomic Hamiltonian Control Systems
Authors: Gzenda Vaughn , Chhabra Robin
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we study a slow-fast realization of nonholonomic Hamiltonian control systems mediated by strong friction forces which is viewed as a singular perturbation of the nonholonomic system. We propose a systematic decomposition of the perturbed dynamics into slow and fast directions using the kinetic energy metric and the geometry of friction forces. The slow manifold is identified by a set of invariance conditions resulting in partial differential equations that generally do not have an analytic solution. We approximate the slow manifold along with the control inputs with power series and show that using this approximation the invariance conditions admit an inherent recursion. Accordingly, we develop a recursive procedure to perform dynamic input-output linearization of the approximated slow system. We consider the output trajectory tracking problem using a PD control law on the Nth order approximation of the slow manifold. Closed-loop stability analysis is performed on both the slow manifold and the full phase space of the system. We prove that if the internal dynamics of the nonholonomic system is exponentially stable, then the perturbed system remains asymptotically stable. Moreover, we prove that the output error dynamics is uniformly bounded when applying the approximated control law, with bounds dependent on the control gains and strength of the friction force. Our approach is illustrated through a numerical case study on a differential robot.
Enhancing SSVEP Identification with Less Individual Calibration Data Using Periodically Repeated Component Analysis
Authors: Ke Yufeng , Liu Shuang , Ming Dong
Published: July 2023

 Spatial filtering and template matching-based methods are commonly used to identify the stimulus frequency from multichannel EEG signals in steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, these methods require sufficient calibration data to obtain reliable spatial filters and SSVEP templates, and they underperform in SSVEP identification with small-sample-size calibration data, especially when a single trial of data is available for each stimulus frequency. In contrast to the state-of-the-art task-related component analysis (TRCA)-based methods, which construct spatial filters and SSVEP templates based on the inter-trial task-related components in SSVEP, this study proposes a method called periodically repeated component analysis (PRCA), which constructs spatial filters to maximize the reproducibility across periods and constructs synthetic SSVEP templates by replicating the periodically repeated components (PRCs). We also introduced PRCs into two improved variants of TRCA. Performance evaluation was conducted using a self-collected 16-target dataset and a public 40-target dataset. The proposed methods show significant improvements with less training data and can achieve comparable performance to the baseline methods with 5 trials by using 2 or 3 training trials. Using a single trial of calibration data for each frequency, the PRCA-based methods achieved the highest average accuracies of over 95% and 90% with a 1-s data length and maximum average information transfer rates of 198.8±57.3 bits/min and 191.2±48.1 bits/min for the two data sets, respectively. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of PRCA-based methods for SSVEP identification with reduced calibration effort and suggest its potential for practical applications of SSVEP-BCIs. 
Intelligent Congestion Control In Internet of Vehicles (IoV) employing Network Slicing in Beyond 5G (B5G) Architecture
Authors: Gul Raja Sana , Ahmad Dr Arbab Waheed
Published: July 2023

5G, the fifth generation of wireless technology, has a significant impact on networking, enable faster data transfer speeds, lower latency, higher capacity, and greater reliability. An instantaneous response time is crucial for applications like real-time gaming, autonomous vehicles, remote surgery, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices that require rapid data processing. 5G introduces network slicing, which allows network resources to be divided into multiple virtual networks. 5G also allows network operators to dynamically allocate resources, adapt to changing demands, and introduce new services more efficiently in various fields. One of the major fields is internet of vehicles (IoV) which is a decentralized network. However, an increase in the number of requests on the network can result in delays, leading to high latency and low throughput. High network traffic may cause network congestion, which reduces the efficiency and effectiveness of the network. The proposed work focuses on adopting a network slicing-based strategy to mitigate network congestion in IoV networks for congestion free network. The proposed mechanism defines four network slices. The results show that the slicing approach provides better performance compared to the current access scheme and efficiently control network congestion. The slicing approach results in lower packet loss ratio and delay. The proposed approach is a stone towards the implementation of network slicing in Internet of Vehicles networks in the future for achieving improved performance, congestion control, energy efficiency, and spectrum utilization in IoV environments.
CMOS Spiking Neuron Incorporating Post-Inhibitory Rebound Excitation
Authors: Hore Archita , Bandyopadhyay Sharba , chakrabarti saswat
Published: July 2023

 This work shows the simulation of a CMOS spiking neuron model that can mimic the behaviour of a biological neuron for both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing currents. The proposed schematic design can exhibit the post-inhibitory rebound excitation (PIRE) or anode break excitation (ABE) phenomena. The model has multiple control parameters for regulating the operation of a neuron. It is shown that the electrophysiological properties of a neuron, such as spiking frequency, spike height, resting potential, and mean inter-spike interval, can be varied by adjusting two control parameters of the developed schematic. Schematic of excitatory and inhibitory synapses to link two neuronal models are designed using CMOS. Average power dissipation and energy consumed per spike of the schematic designs are examined. Furthermore, PIRE is demonstrated for a strong inhibitory synaptic current. The significance of including PIRE in such a neuronal model is shown by its necessity in the generation of persistent activity in the network, which mimics the realization of working memory or attention. A network of such neuronal designs with the appropriate realization of the synaptic region has implications for human-to-machine interfaces and pattern recognition problems 
The importance of prevalence and pre-test probability on the microbiological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2: the case of Spain in 2020
Authors: Canut-Blasco Andrés , Gómez-González Carmen , Barbero-Herranz Raquel , Barbero-Martínez Ismael , Abasolo-Osinaga Eider
Published: July 2023

Objectives. The aim of this work was to estimate the conditioned probability for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), viral antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDT), and antibody detection tests depending on the prevalence in the specific healthcare settings in Spain in 2020, and on the pre-test probability (PTP) according to the clinical situation, age and unknown or close contacts of the patient. Material and methods. Performance parameters of tests were obtained from literature. Prevalence data and PTP were obtained from Spanish sources and a survey, respectively. The post-test probability is the positive predictive value (PPV) when test is positive. For negative result, we also calculated the probability of having the infection (false negatives). Results. For both RT-PCR and viral Ag-RDT, the lowest PPV values were for the population screenings. This strategy proved to be useful in ruling out infection but generates a high number of false positives. At individual level, both tools provided high PPV (≥ 97%) when the PTP values are over 35%. In seroprevalence studies, though the specificity of IgG alone tests is high, under low seroprevalence, false positives cannot be avoided. Total antibodies tests are useful for diagnosis of COVID-19 in those doubtful cases with RT-PCR or Ag-RDT tests being repeatedly negative. Conclusions. The interpretating of results depends not only on the accuracy of the test, but also on the prevalence of the infection in different settings, and the PTP associated to the patient before performing the test.
Arista Wedding Project Innovation Strategy Design using Blue Ocean Strategy
Authors: Hilhanif Fitratillah
Published: July 2023

Arista Wedding Project is a family business that has officially established in October 2019, in the field of creative industry especially wedding organizer. Arista Wedding Project offers wedding services specializing in Islamic weddings and intimate weddings that prioritize professionalism, creativity, and youthfulness. The value of Arista Wedding Project is Impress Your Wedding Moment and provides education for marriage preparation. This study aims to find the Key Success Factor (KSF) through eliminate, reduce, raise and create process, to find the canvas strategy. This study also objected to find the right innovation strategy that can be applied to increase the usage of wedding planning and organizer in Arista Wedding Project by using Blue Ocean Strategy. The analysis used in this study are SWOT analysis, benchmark, KSF, six path frameworks, and ERRC Grid. The next step is to create a canvas strategy which will be compiled into an innovation strategy of Blue Ocean for Arista Wedding Project. The results of this study indicate that there are eleven KSF that need to be considered by Arista Wedding Project namely: service quality; type of service; human resource capabilities; price; marketing; portfolio; brand; vendor recommendations; service digitalization; and marriage preparation class. Based on these eleven factors, the innovation strategies that can be applied to Arista Wedding Project in accordance with the Blue Ocean Strategy are improving the capabilities of human resource, price differentiation, service digitalization through the website, and marriage preparation class.
Reinterpreting the Polluted White Dwarf SDSS J122859.93+104032.9 in Light of Thermohaline Mixing Models: More Polluting Material from a Larger Orbiting Solid Body
Authors: Dwomoh Arianna M. , Bauer Evan B.
Published: July 2023

The polluted white dwarf (WD) system SDSS J122859.93+104032.9 (SDSS J1228) shows variable emission features interpreted as originating from a solid core fragment held together against tidal forces by its own internal strength, orbiting within its surrounding debris disk. Estimating the size of this orbiting solid body requires modeling the accretion rate of the polluting material that is observed mixing into the WD surface. That material is supplied via sublimation from the surface of the orbiting solid body. The sublimation rate can be estimated as a simple function of the surface area of the solid body and the incident flux from the nearby hot WD. On the other hand, estimating the accretion rate requires detailed modeling of the surface structure and mixing in the accreting WD. In this work, we present MESA WD models for SDSS J1228 that account for the thermohaline instability and mixing in addition to heavy element sedimentation to constrain accurately the sublimation and accretion rate necessary to supply the observed pollution. We derive a total accretion rate of

M

̇

acc

=
1.8
×

10

11

g

s

−
1

, several orders of magnitude higher than the

M

̇

acc

=
5.6
×

10

8

g

s

−
1

estimate obtained in earlier efforts. The larger mass accretion rate implies that the minimum estimated radius of the orbiting solid body is

r

min

= 72 km, which, although significantly larger than prior estimates, still lies within the upper bounds (a few hundred kilometers) for which the internal strength could no longer withstand the tidal forces from the gravity of the WD.
FAST Polarization Mapping of the Supernova Remnant VRO 42.05.01
Authors: Xiao Li , Zhu Ming , Sun Xiao-Hui , Jiang Peng , Sun Chun
Published: July 2023

We have obtained the polarization data cube of the supernova remnant (SNR) VRO 42.05.01 at 1240 MHz using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST). Three-dimensional Faraday synthesis is applied to the FAST data to derive the Faraday depth spectrum. The peak Faraday depth map shows a large area of enhanced foreground rotation measure (RM) of ∼60 rad m−2 extending along the remnant’s “wing” section, which coincides with a large-scale H i shell at −20 km s−1. The two depolarization patches within the “wing” region with RMs of 97 rad m−2 and 55 rad m−2 coincide with two H i structures in the H i shell. Faraday screen model fitting on the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey 1420 MHz full-scale polarization data reveals a distance of (0.7–0.8)d
SNR in front of the SNR with enhanced regular magnetic field there. The highly piled-up magnetic field indicates that the H i shell at −20 km s−1 could originate from an old evolved SNR.
Magnetic-reconnection-driven Turbulence and Turbulent Reconnection Acceleration
Authors: Liang Shi-Min , Zhang Jian-Fu , Gao Na-Na , Xiao Hua-Ping
Published: July 2023

This paper employs an MHD-PIC method to perform numerical simulations of magnetic-reconnection-driven turbulence and turbulent reconnection acceleration of particles. Focusing on the dynamics of the magnetic reconnection, the properties of self-driven turbulence, and the behavior of particle acceleration, we find the following: (1) When reaching a statistically steady state of the self-driven turbulence, the magnetic energy is almost released by 50%, while the kinetic energy of the fluid increases by no more than 15%. (2) The properties of reconnection-driven turbulence are more complex than the traditional turbulence driven by an external force. (3) The strong magnetic field tends to enhance the turbulent reconnection efficiency to accelerate particles more efficiently, resulting in a hard spectral energy distribution. Our study provides a particular perspective on understanding turbulence properties and turbulent-reconnection-accelerated particles.
ALMA High-frequency Long-baseline Campaign in 2019: Band 9 and 10 In-band and Band-to-band Observations Using ALMA’s Longest Baselines
Authors: Maud Luke T. , Asaki Yoshiharu , Nagai Hiroshi , Tsukui Takafumi , Hirota Akihiko , Fomalont Edward B. , Dent William R. F. , Takahashi Satoko , Phillips Neil
Published: July 2023

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array high-frequency long-baseline campaign in 2019 (HF-LBC-2019) was arranged to undertake band 9 (690 GHz) and 10 (850 GHz) observations using the longest 16 km baselines in order to explore calibration feasibility and imaging capabilities. Observations were arranged using close calibrators between 0° and 4° from the target point-source quasars (QSOs) to also explore subtle effects of calibrator separation angle. A total of 13 observations were made, five using standard in-band observations and eight using the band-to-band (B2B) observing mode, where phase solutions are transferred from a lower frequency band. At bands 9 and 10, image angular resolutions as high as 7 and 5 mas were achieved, respectively. Both in-band and B2B experiments were successful in imaging the target QSOs but with varying degrees of quality. Target image coherence varied between 0.14 and 0.79, driven by the calibrator separation angle and effectiveness of phase referencing despite observing in correct stability conditions. We conclude that the phase rms conditions and calibrator selection, specifically separation angle from the target, must carefully be considered prior to observing in order to minimize imaging defects. For bands 9 and 10, in order to achieve a coherence >0.7 such that the image structure and source flux can be regarded as suitably accurate, a 1° separated calibrator should be used while the phase rms over the phase switching cycle time should ideally be <30°.
Using eNaira CBDC to Solve Economic Problems in Nigeria
Authors: Ozili Peterson K.
Published: July 2023

This chapter discusses how the eNaira central bank digital currency (CBDC) might be used to solve some economic problems in Nigeria. It presents the eNaira as a payment option, a monetary policy tool, and a financial stability tool to solve some economic problems in Nigeria. The author shows that the eNaira can be instrumental in solving fiscal revenue challenges, controlling inflation, increasing foreign exchange accretion, managing exchange rate, addressing food insecurity, reducing financial stability risks, reducing poverty level, and recovering from a recession. The implication is that the eNaira can support the monetary, fiscal, and regulatory authorities in preserving macroeconomic stability. However, a trade-off might arise among policy objectives if the eNaira cannot achieve multiple policy objectives at the same time.
Where to place emergency ambulance vehicles: use of a capacitated maximum covering location model with real call data
Authors: Hashtarkhani Soheil , A. Matthews Stephen , Yin Ping , Mohammadi Alireza , MohammadEbrahimi Shahab , Tara Mahmood , Kiani Behzad
Published: July 2023

This study integrates geographical information systems (GIS) with a mathematical optimization technique to enhance emergency medical services (EMS) coverage in a county in the northeast of Iran. EMS demand locations were determined through one-year EMS call data analysis. We formulated a maximal covering location problem (MCLP) as a mixed-integer linear programming model with a capacity threshold for vehicles using the CPLEX optimizer, an optimization software package from IBM. To ensure applicability to the EMS setting, we incorporated a constraint that maintains an acceptable level of service for all EMS calls. Specifically, we implemented two scenarios: a relocation model for existing ambulances and an allocation model for new ambulances, both using a list of candidate locations. The relocation model increased the proportion of calls within the 5-minute coverage standard from 69% to 75%. With the allocation model, we found that the coverage proportion could rise to 84% of total calls by adding ten vehicles and eight new stations. The incorporation of GIS techniques into optimization modelling holds promise for the efficient management of scarce healthcare resources, particularly in situations where time is of the essence.
Effect of Periostin in Peri-implant Sulcular Fluid and Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Comparative Study
Authors: Santhosh V. C. , Karishma  , Khader Anas Abdul , Ramachandra Varun , Singh Rohit , Shetty B Kaushik , Nimbalkar Vaishnavi Kailash
Published: July 2023

Background:

Various similarities have been observed between gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF). This has resulted in research that has evaluated similar biological fluid markers that are similar to those present within the gingival sulcus. These biomarkers have high sensitivity and are a reliable biological tool when compared to clinical and/or radiographic examination and aid in diagnosis as well as monitoring the progression of periodontal disease surrounding teeth as well as the implants.

Aim:

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of periostin in peri-implant sulcular and gingival crevicular fluids.

Materials and Methods:

This experimental prospective in vitro analysis was done following clearance by the institutional ethical committee. A total of 100 patients were selected. They were categorized into two groups: (I) Group A patients had peri-implant disease (n = 50), whereas (II) Group B patients had periodontitis (n = 50). Clinical loss of attachment score was noted in six sites around natural teeth and four sites around the implants. Presterilized filter paper strips were inserted within the sulcus/pocket till pressure was felt for 60 s. Periostin concentration levels in GCF and PISF samples were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Statistical analysis of data collected was performed using Shapiro–Wilk statistical tool for normally distributed numerical data.

Results:

Mean ± standard deviation concentration of periostin in gingival crevicular fluid from periodontitis cases was recorded as 20.15 ± 2.76 ng/30sn, whereas in PISF was 19.23 ± 1.89 ng/30sn. On statistical analysis, no statistically significant differences were seen after comparing the concentration of periostin in periodontitis as well as peri-implantitis groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The present study analyzed periostin levels in gingival crevicular fluid obtained from patients diagnosed with periodontitis and sulcular fluid obtained from the sulcus around implants. Early biological markers or indicators of inflammation should be studied to determine the prognosis of treatment apart from the clinical assessment for the patient’s benefit.
High-resolution Computed Tomography Thorax Volumetric Assessment in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients and Correlation with Pulmonary Function Tests
Authors: Juvvadi Kaushik Rao , Parida Bikash , Mohapatra Satya Sundar Gajendra , Behera Priyadarshini
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Years after SARS coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery, residual pulmonary abnormalities may still exist. This brings on the question of whether or not COVID-19 could have comparable late consequences. Structural changes in the lungs after recovery can be better visualized using computed tomography (CT) thorax. Computed Tomography Lung Parenchymal changes during hospitalization by COVID-19 and after 4 months of follow-up to correlate with the volumetric high-resolution computed tomography thorax indices, Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) indices, SpO2, and 6 min Walking Test (6MWT).

Materials and Methods:

This is a Hospital based cross-sectional study, with a follow-up among 100 Patients from 2020 to 2022. Each patient’s different CT parameters and HRCT volumetric indices Normal Lung (NL), Normal Lung Percentage (NL%), Whole Lung (WL) were correlated with the PFT indices (Forced expiratory volume in 1s [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV1/FVC), Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) and 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT).

Results:

The mean NL (L) and NL% during COVID were significantly lower than the mean values 4 months post-COVID. Architectural distortion, bronchiolar dilatation, interstitial thickening, and parenchymal bands were reduced considerably after 4 months post-COVID, compared to during COVID. PFTs results, such as PFT indices, were not significantly different after 4 months post-COVID, compared to during COVID. SpO2 (%) and 6 MWT (m) were significantly increased. During COVID and post-COVID, the values of NL (L) and NL (%) had a significant positive correlation with PFT indices, SpO2, and 6MWT (m).

Conclusion:

Hence, the different CT indices (NL and NL%) can be used as a surrogate for functional recovery of COVID patients since it correlates with the PFT indices (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC), SpO2, and 6MWT post-COVID.
Association between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Han Jian , Yang Liting , Lou Zhuocong , Zhu Yubo
Published: July 2023

Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRS) are being increasingly used to predict outcomes of various diseases. However, its utility for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has not been established. Through this first systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to collate data on the prognostic ability of SII and SIRI for predicting functional outcomes and mortality after AIS. PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to January 5, 2023, for studies reporting the association between SII or SIRI and outcomes of AIS. Adjusted data were pooled in a random-effects model. Meta-regression was conducted for variable cut-offs. Twelve studies were included. Pooled analysis of data showed that high SII was associated with poor functional outcomes after AIS (OR: 2.35 95% CI: 1.77, 3.10 I2 = 44% P < 0.00001). Meta-regression showed an increasing effect size with a higher cut-off of SII. Similarly, the meta-analysis demonstrated that AIS patients with high SIRI were at an increased risk of poor functional outcomes (OR: 1.69 95% CI: 1.08, 2.65 I2 = 78% P = 0.02). No association was noted with different cut-offs on meta-regression. Data on mortality were scarce but were suggestive of a higher risk of mortality with high SII and SIRI. SII and SIRI can be used to predict poor functional outcomes in AIS patients. Data on mortality are scarce to derive strong conclusions. Limited number of studies and variable cut-offs are important limitations that need to be overcome by future studies.
Shoulder Pain and Injury after Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination
Authors: Prageeth N. P. , Anand Vijender , Wadhwa Ranjan Kumar , Badhal Suman
Published: July 2023

Shoulder injury and spontaneous development of a soft-tissue mass shortly after a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine injection related to vaccine administration side effects. We describe the clinical presentation and rehabilitation outcome in a young male with shoulder pain after COVID-19 vaccine administration at the shoulder of a tertiary care hospital in India. The best way to avoid such problems is to use proper techniques. This case report highlights the importance of rehabilitation along with medical treatment in post-vaccine shoulder pain.
Saphenous Nerve Block for Anteromedial Knee Pain in Osteoarthritis Knee: A Technical Review
Authors: Sharma Anil , Joshi Mrinal , Negi Nidhi
Published: July 2023

The saphenous nerve, a purely sensory branch of the femoral nerve, supplies the lower limb’s medial, anteromedial and posteromedial aspects from the thigh to the foot. It is generally blocked for anaesthesia during knee, ankle and foot surgeries and to relieve post-operative pain. Knee osteoarthritis is a common joint disorder in middle-aged and older adults with pain, articular stiffness and decreased physical activity. Pain owing to osteoarthritis is most often reported at the anteromedial aspect of the knee. Recently, many researchers have studied using ultrasound-guided saphenous nerve blocks in knee osteoarthritis to relieve pain. For knee pain relief, a saphenous nerve block can be done using one of the techniques, namely peri-femoral, sub-sartorial, trans-sartorial and para-condylar (at the medial femoral condyle). We briefly describe these here, mentioning the pre-requisites, contraindications, possible complications and clinical significance.
Recurrence of Giant Cell Tumor in Proximal Phalanx of Middle Finger
Authors: John Ann Maria , John Ponnezhathu Sebastian , Kiran Ramachandran , Kulangara Varkey Sabu , Rajendrababu Anandh Raj
Published: July 2023

A giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone arising from a phalanx of a finger is an extremely rare entity. Only 2% of all reported GCTs are found in the hand, which shows a higher rate of recurrence as compared to those occurring at a more proximal location. Here, we report a case of recurrence of GCT of the proximal phalanx of the middle finger in a 52-year-old female, which was initially treated with extended curettage and bone grafting. Within 1 year, there was a recurrence of the tumor and a ray amputation had to be performed.
Correlation of Body Anthropometry and Coracoid Dimensions in Indian Population
Authors: Yadoji Hari Krishna , Bodanki Chandrasekhar , Mallarapu Prudhvi , Sama Anoop Reddy , Reddy Maryada Venkateshwar , Gurava Reddy A. V.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Coracoid is important in many surgeries. Coracoid dimensions have been studied earlier, but its correlation with body anthropometry has not been studied till now. At our institute, during Latarjet procedure, we often see that length of coracoid is sometimes smaller, though the patient is of moderate to good build. This led to our interest in this study.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred computed tomography scans (male/female = 50/50) of Indian population were analyzed for coracoid dimensions namely total length, base length, tip height, base height, tip length, tip width, midpoint width. Body anthropometry like height, weight, body mass index of respective patients was also calculated. Our aim is to compare male to female differences in coracoid dimensions and to determine the effect of body anthropometry on coracoid dimensions.

Results:

The coracoid dimensions were total length 3.8 centimeter (cm) (standard deviation [SD] ± 0.47, range 3–5.1 cm), tip length 2 cm (SD ± 0.34, range 1.39–3.25 cm), tip width 1.2 cm (SD ± 0.2, range 0.67–1.7 cm), tip height 0.97 cm (SD ± 0.18, range 0.57–1.43 cm), base length 1.35 cm (SD ± 0.3, range 0.5–2.5 cm), base height 1.4 cm (SD ± 0.31, range 0.7–2.2 cm), and midpoint width 1.27 cm (SD ± 0.23, range 0.7–1.9 cm). The coracoid is larger in males than in females. We observed a negative correlation between height and all coracoid dimensions.

Conclusion:

Patient's height has a negative correlation with coracoid dimensions. A tall individual may not always have a large coracoid and surgeon must be prepared for alternatives in case of a shorter coracoid.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Patients
Authors: Sebastian Abin Sunny , Sathikumar Aravind Sai , Thomas Appu Benny , Varghese Jacob
Published: July 2023

Background:

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) leads to secondary osteoarthritis (OA) in adolescents and young adults. The abnormal bone morphology makes total hip arthroplasty (THA) in these patients challenging with high complication rates. This study aims to report the radiological and functional outcomes of THA in DDH patients in the South Indian population.

Methodology:

All DDH patients who underwent THA for secondary OA of the hip in our hospital between 2008 and 2021 were included in the study. Functional outcomes were measured using preoperative and postoperative Oxford hip score (OHS) and short form-12 (SF12) form. Radiological imaging was used to assess Crowe's classification, radiolucency, acetabular inclination angle, and offsets.

Results:

Mean follow-up duration was 5.5 years (2–12 years). A total of 16 DDH patients were included in the study. OHS and SF-12 scores remarkably improved compared to preoperative scores. Bony ingrowth with no evidence of loosening was seen consistently on both femoral and acetabular side in all patients on X-rays. Our complications included one posterior dislocation, one acetabular screw cutout in the immediate postoperative period, and one patient with subtrochanteric nonunion at the osteotomy site.

Conclusions:

THA in arthritic dysplastic hips had consistent improvement in the hip scores and quality of life. The use of the excised shortened vascularized graft technique described below-hastened osteotomy healing to 6 weeks as compared to the earlier technique. Deferring immediate partial weight-bearing in Crowe IV hip may minimize the risk of cup failure and screw cutoff.
Assessment of Materials Used in Penstock in Small Hydro Power by TOPSIS Method
Authors: Nirmala Shivram Padmavat
Published: July 2023

There are three kinds of energy resources: fossil fuels, renewable resources, and nuclear resources. An impulse or response turbine is used in a small hydropower (SHP) facility, which is mostly a "run-off-river" in nature. SHP technologies are being employed to generate power for rural electrification in both wealthy and undeveloped nations, and they have minimal maintenance costs and assist to slow down climatic change (but high capital costs). Research When compared to fossil and nuclear fuels, hydropower constitutes a considerable source of electrical energy today. Hydro resources are also widely available. In many countries, small, mini, and micro-hydro plants are crucial for rural electrification and have the fastest turnaround time for any renewable energy source. This allows them to quickly replace fossil fuels. Selecting the right materi-al plays a crucial part in product design to satisfy all functional criteria. Design is the formulation of data or information, both quantitative and qualitative, where there is always some element of risk and uncertainty. A probabilistic or utilitarian strategy is best adapted to deal with risk and uncertainty. MCDM approach in this study, TOPSIS is utilized to choose the components of the tiny hydropower penstock. The analysis took into account four alternative materials, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethene (HDPE), glass-reinforced polymer (GRP), and mild steel (MS), as well as five as-sessment attributes/criteria, including yield strength, life, thickness, material cost, and maintenance cost. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ranked two, high-density polyethene (HDPE) has rank one, glass-reinforced polymer (GRP) has rank four and mild steel (MS) is having rank three. According to the findings of this investigation, the best materials for penstock in small hy-dropower are high-density polyethene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), followed by mild steel (MS), and glass-reinforced polymer (GRP).
Functionalization of Natural-Fiber Using the WSM Methods
Authors: Nirmala Shivram Padmavat
Published: July 2023

Global environmental concerns and renewable green Next generation due to resource awareness Environmental friendly and biodegradable for composition products A lot of efforts have been made to deliver the goods. This research paper is green from natural fibers and Uniquely exemplifies the use of compounds, Especially chitosan, natural-fiber-rolled Especially chitosan, natural-fiber-rolled The development of chitosan nanocomposites and characteristics. Durability Natural fiber composites are less expensive, have Less weight, more Specific strength, abrasion Absent, equally good engine properties, environmental friendliness and it has many advantages like biodegradability. Research significance: Abaca uses WSM methods, Hemp, sisal, kenaf, and coconut. Abaca, hemp, sisal, kenaf, and Natural fibers like coconut were considered in the present study. Jute Fiber: It is a golden thread Also known as. Compared to other natural fibers These fibers are cheap and Durable. Sisal Fiber: Sisal fibers are made from sisal leaves that can be obtained or extracted. It is also known as Brazilian fiber. Abaca Fiber: this fibrous plant is Also obtained from the stem. Another of these threads The name is Manila Fiber. Methology: The advantage of the WSM method is that It is proportional to raw data is a linear transformation. comparison scale of standardized scores It means that the sequence is equal. This method is WSM's Consider it a change. And other in problem solving It is more efficient than methods. The natural fiber is another solution to the problem WSM method is more efficient than methods. The weighted Sum Model (WSM), WSM is the general approach used, and natural-fiber solutions are used in these methods. To solve individual decision-making problems This technique is used by researchers. Evaluation preference: Diameter (µm), Density (g/cm3), Tensile strength (MPa), Young's Modulus (GPa). Alternative: Abaca, Jute, Sisal, Kenaf, Coconut. Result: As a result, coconut is ranked first while abaca is ranked lower.