bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facing lethal temperatures: Heat‐shock response in desert and temperate ants
Authors: Araujo Natalia de Souza , Perez Rémy , Willot Quentin , Defrance Matthieu , Aron Serge
Published: September 2023

Global climate changes may cause profound effects on species adaptation, particularly in ectotherms for whom even moderate warmer temperatures can lead to disproportionate heat failure. Still, several organisms evolved to endure high desert temperatures. Here, we describe the thermal tolerance survival and the transcriptomic heat stress response of three genera of desert (Cataglyphis, Melophorus, and Ocymyrmex) and two of temperate ants (Formica and Myrmica) and explore convergent and specific adaptations. We found heat stress led to either a reactive or a constitutive response in desert ants: Cataglyphis holgerseni and Melophorus bagoti differentially regulated very few transcripts in response to heat (0.12% and 0.14%, respectively), while Cataglyphis bombycina and Ocymyrmex robustior responded with greater expression alterations (respectively affecting 0.6% and 1.53% of their transcriptomes). These two responsive mechanisms—reactive and constitutive—were related to individual thermal tolerance survival and convergently evolved in distinct desert ant genera. Moreover, in comparison with desert species, the two temperate ants differentially expressed thousands of transcripts more in response to heat stress (affecting 8% and 12.71% of F. fusca and Myr. sabuleti transcriptomes). In summary, we show that heat adaptation in thermophilic ants involved changes in the expression response. Overall, desert ants show reduced transcriptional alterations even when under high thermal stress, and their expression response may be either constitutive or reactive to temperature increase.
Mammalian predator and prey responses to recreation and land use across multiple scales provide limited support for the human shield hypothesis
Authors: Granados Alys , Sun Catherine , Fisher Jason T. , Ladle Andrew , Dawe Kimberly , Beirne Christopher , Boyce Mark S. , Chow Emily , Heim Nicole , Fennell Mitchell , Klees van Bommel Joanna , Naidoo Robin , Procko Michael , Stewart Frances E. C. , Burton A. Cole
Published: September 2023

Outdoor recreation is widespread, with uncertain effects on wildlife. The human shield hypothesis (HSH) suggests that recreation could have differential effects on predators and prey, with predator avoidance of humans creating a spatial refuge ‘shielding’ prey from people. The generality of the HSH remains to be tested across larger scales, wherein human shielding may prove generalizable, or diminish with variability in ecological contexts. We combined data from 446 camera traps and 79,279 sampling days across 10 landscapes spanning 15,840 km2 in western Canada. We used hierarchical models to quantify the influence of recreation and landscape disturbance (roads, logging) on ungulate prey (moose, mule deer and elk) and carnivore (wolf, grizzly bear, cougar and black bear) site use. We found limited support for the HSH and strong responses to recreation at local but not larger spatial scales. Only mule deer showed positive but weak landscape‐level responses to recreation. Elk were positively associated with local recreation while moose and mule deer responses were negative, contrary to HSH predictions. Mule deer showed a more complex interaction between recreation and land‐use disturbance, with more negative responses to recreation at lower road density or higher logged areas. Contrary to HSH predictions, carnivores did not avoid recreation and grizzly bear site use was positively associated. We also tested the effects of roads and logging on temporal activity overlap between mule deer and recreation, expecting deer to minimize interaction with humans by partitioning time in areas subject to more habitat disturbance. However, temporal overlap between people and deer increased with road density. Our findings highlight the complex ecological patterns that emerge at macroecological scales. There is a need for expanded monitoring of human and wildlife use of recreation areas, particularly multi‐scale and ‐species approaches to studying the interacting effects of recreation and land‐use change on wildlife.
Habitat geometry rather than visual acuity limits the visibility of a ground‐nesting bird's clutch to terrestrial predators
Authors: Hancock George R. A. , Grayshon Lizzie , Burrell Ryan , Cuthill Innes , Hoodless Andrew , Troscianko Jolyon
Published: September 2023

The nests of ground‐nesting birds rely heavily on camouflage for their survival, and predation risk, often linked to ecological changes from human activity, is a major source of mortality. Numerous ground‐nesting bird populations are in decline, so understanding the effects of camouflage on their nesting behavior is relevant to their conservation concerns. Habitat three‐dimensional (3D) geometry, together with predator visual abilities, viewing distance, and viewing angle, determine whether a nest is either visible, occluded, or too far away to detect. While this link is intuitive, few studies have investigated how fine‐scale geometry is likely to help defend nests from different predator guilds. We quantified nest visibility based on 3D occlusion, camouflage, and predator visual modeling in northern lapwings, Vanellus vanellus, on different land management regimes. Lapwings selected local backgrounds that had a higher 3D complexity at a spatial scale greater than their entire clutches compared to local control sites. Importantly, our findings show that habitat geometry—rather than predator visual acuity—restricts nest visibility for terrestrial predators and that their field habitats, perceived by humans as open, are functionally closed with respect to a terrestrial predator searching for nests on the ground. Taken together with lapwings' careful nest site selection, our findings highlight the importance of considering habitat geometry for understanding the evolutionary ecology and management of conservation sites for ground‐nesting birds.
Investigation of Two Zr‐p‐NO2Bn‐DOTA Isomers via NMR and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Lee Yong Sok , O'Connor Robert D. , Vasalatiy Olga
Published: September 2023

A combination of NMR studies and quantum chemical calculations were employed to investigate the structure and energetics of Zr4+ chelates of pNO2Bn‐DOTA. We have demonstrated that two discrete regioisomeric chelates are generated during the complex formation. The nitrobenzyl substituent can adopt either an equatorial corner or side position on the macrocyclic ring. These regioisomers are incapable of interconversion and were isolated by HPLC. The corner isomer is more stable than the side, and the SAP conformer of both regioisomers is energetically more favorable than the corresponding TSAP conformer.
Machine Learning in Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Authors: Bansal Nitin Kumar , Mishra Snehangshu , Dixit Himanshu , Porwal Shivam , Singh Paulomi , Singh Trilok
Published: September 2023

Within a short period of time, perovskite solar cells (PSC) have attracted paramount research interests among the photovoltaic (PV) community. Usage of machine learning (ML) into PSC research is significantly accelerated their holistic understanding of device requisite properties. ML techniques are increasingly employed to discover stable perovskite materials, optimize device architecture and processing, and analyze PSC characterization data. This review provides an in‐depth exploration of ML applications in PSC advancement through an analysis of existing literature. The review commences with an introduction to the ML workflow, detailing each step, followed by concise overviews of perovskite materials and PSC operation. Later sections explore the diverse ways ML contributes to PSC development, which ranges from the optoelectronic property prediction of perovskites, discovery of novel perovskites, PSC device structure optimization, and comprehensive PSC analyses. The challenges impeding PSC commercialization are discussed, along with ML's potential to mitigate them. The review concludes by highlighting current limitations in employing ML for PSC research and suggests potential solutions. It also outlines prospective research directions for ML applications in PSC research, aiming to develop highly efficient and stable PSCs.
Non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in cooked beans and vegetables in Punjab, North India
Authors: Kharkwal Vineeta , Choudhary Monika , Bains Kiran , Bishnoi Mahendra
Published: September 2023

Beans and vegetables are consumed with cereals in India on daily basis. The aim of the study was to assess carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in cooked beans and cooked vegetables consumed by adults (18–59 years) and elderly (≥60 years) subjects from two districts (Ludhiana and Bathinda) of Punjab. A total of 150 households were selected from 30 different locations covering both rural and urban areas. The mean daily consumption of beans and vegetables in Ludhiana was recorded as 35.09 and 215.93 g, respectively. The corresponding figures in Bathinda were observed as 26.85 and 230.54 g. The average amounts of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury were 1.44 × 10−5, 8.21 × 10−5, 1.30 × 10−3, and 2.61 × 10−7 mg/kg for cooked vegetables in urban households of Ludhiana district, respectively. The corresponding values for rural households were 1.53 × 10−5, 5.58 × 10−5, and 2.98 × 10−4 mg/kg while mercury was not detected. The mean chronic daily intake (CDI) of arsenic from cooked beans was significantly (p ≤ .001) higher in urban adult males of Ludhiana (7.74 × 10−9 mg/kg/day) and Bathinda (5.31 × 10−9 mg/kg/day) compared to their rural counterparts. Similar trend was observed in CDI of heavy metals from vegetables. The mean CDI of cadmium from cooked vegetables in urban adult females of Ludhiana (3.76 × 10−7 mg/kg/day) was significantly (p ≤ .001) higher than their rural counterparts and both urban and rural adult females of Bathinda. The study concluded that the subjects of both districts were found safe from non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk associated with heavy metals present in cooked beans and vegetables, except for urban subjects and rural adult subjects of Ludhiana district who had cancer risk due to cadmium present in cooked vegetable samples.
Extended trajectory of spatial memory errors in typical and atypical development: The role of binding and precision
Authors: Peng Maomiao , Lovos Annalysa , Bottrill Kenneth , Hughes Katharine , Sampsel Miranda , Lee Nancy Raitano , Abbeduto Leonard , Thurman Angela John , Edgin Jamie
Published: September 2023

Spatial reconstruction, a method for evaluating how individuals remember the placement of objects, has traditionally been evaluated through the aggregate estimation of placement errors. However, this approach may obscure the nature of task errors. Specifically, recent data has suggested the importance of examining the precision of responses, as well as absolute performance on item‐context bindings. In contrast to traditional analysis approaches based on the distance between the target and the reconstructed item, in this study we further explored three types of errors (swap error, global error, and local distance) that may all contribute to the distance, with particular emphasis on swap errors and local distance due to their associations with item‐context bindings and memory precision, respectively. We examined these errors in children aged 3–18 years, making comparisons between children with typical development (TD) and children with Down syndrome (DS), a population with known memory challenges. As expected, older children outperformed younger children in terms of overall memory accuracy. Of importance is that we measured uneven maturational trajectories of memory abilities across the various error types. Specifically, both remembered locations (irrespective of object identity) and swap errors (object‐location binding errors) align with the overall memory accuracy. Memory precision, as measured by local distance in simpler set size 2 trials, mirrored overall memory accuracy. However, for more complex set size 3 trials, local distance remained stable before age 8 and showed age‐related change thereafter. The group with DS showed reduced precision compared to a TD matched group, and measures of precision, and to a lesser extent binding errors, correlated with standard neuropsychological outcomes. Overall, our study contributed to a fine‐grained understanding of developing spatial memory ability in a large sample of typical developing children and a memory impaired population. These findings contribute to a growing body of research examining precision as a key factor in memory performance.
Scoping review of practice‐focused resources to support the implementation of place‐based approaches
Authors: Klepac Bojana , Branch Sara , McVey Laura , Mowle Amy , Riley Therese , Craike Melinda
Published: September 2023

Issue Addressed

There is increasing interest across public health research, policy, and practice in place‐based approaches to improve health outcomes. Practice‐focused resources, such as grey literature, courses and websites, are utilised by practitioners to support the implementation of place‐based approaches.

Methods

A detailed search of two search engines: Google and DuckDuckGo to identify free practice‐focused resources was conducted.

Results

Forty‐one resources met inclusion criteria, including 26 publications, 13 web‐based resources and two courses. They were mainly focused on collaboration, developed by not‐for‐profit organisations, focused on a broad target audience, and supported people living with disadvantage. The publications we reviewed generally: clearly stated important information, such as the author of the publication; used their own evaluations, professional experience and other grey literature as supporting evidence; included specific, practical implementation strategies; and were easy to read.

Conclusions

Based on findings, we recommend that: (1) the development of resources to support evidence‐informed practice and governance be prioritised; (2) resources clearly state their target audience and tailor communication to this audience; (3) resources draw on evidence from a range of sources; (4) resources continue to include practical implementation strategies supported by examples and (5) resource content be adaptable to different contexts (e.g., different settings and/or target populations).

So What?

This is the first review of practice‐focused resources to support the implementation of place‐based approaches and the findings can be used to reduce duplication of efforts and inform future research, policy, and practice, particularly the refinement of existing resources and the development of future resources.
Improved understanding of vegetation dynamics and wetland ecohydrology via monthly UAV‐based classification
Authors: Wu Songjun , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Daempfling Hauke , Soulsby Chris
Published: September 2023

Vegetation classification is an essential prerequisite for understanding vegetation‐water relations at a range of spatial scales. However, in site‐specific applications, such classifications were mostly based on a single Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight, which can be challenging in grasslands and/or herbaceous‐dominated systems, as those communities are small in size and highly mixed. Here, we conducted monthly UAV flights for two years in a riparian wetland in Germany, with acquired imagery used for vegetation classification on a monthly basis under different strategies (with or without auxiliary information from other flights) to increase understanding in ecohydrology. The results show that multi‐flight‐based classification outperformed single‐flight‐based classification due to the higher classification accuracy. Moreover, improved sensitivity of temporal changes in community distribution highlights the benefits of multi‐flight‐based classification ‐ providing a more comprehensive picture of community evolution. From reference to the monthly community distribution, we argue that a combination of two or three flights in early‐ and late‐summer is enough to achieve comparable results to monthly flights, while mid‐summer would be a better timing in case only one flight is scheduled. With such detailed vegetation mapping, we further interpreted the complex spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in NDVI and explored the dominant areas and developmental progress of each community. Impacts from management (mowing events) were also evaluated based on the different responses between communities in two years. Finally, we explored how such vegetation mapping could help understand landscape ecohydrology, and found that the spatio‐temporal distribution of minimal soil moisture was related to NDVI peaks of local community, while grass distribution was explained by both topography and low moisture conditions. Such bi‐directional relationships proved that apart from contributing to an evidence base for wetland management, multi‐flight UAV vegetation mapping could also provide fundamental insights into the ecohydrology of wetlands.
Tuning ultrafast time‐evolution of photo‐induced charge‐transfer states: A real‐time electronic dynamics study in substituted indenotetracene derivatives
Authors: Crisci Luigi , Coppola Federico , Petrone Alessio , Rega Nadia
Published: September 2023

Photo‐induced charge transfer (CT) states are pivotal in many technological and biological processes. A deeper knowledge of such states is mandatory for modeling the charge migration dynamics. Real‐time time‐dependent density functional theory (RT‐TD‐DFT) electronic dynamics simulations are employed to explicitly observe the electronic density time‐evolution upon photo‐excitation. Asymmetrically substituted indenotetracene molecules, given their potential application as n‐type semiconductors in organic photovoltaic materials, are here investigated. Effects of substituents with different electron‐donating characters are analyzed in terms of the overall electronic energy spacing and resulting ultrafast CT dynamics through linear response (LR‐)TD‐DFT and RT‐TD‐DFT based approaches. The combination of the computational techniques here employed provided direct access to the electronic density reorganization in time and to its spatial and rational representation in terms of molecular orbital occupation time evolution. Such results can be exploited to design peculiar directional charge dynamics, crucial when photoactive materials are used for light‐harvesting applications.
Proposing and testing the pathways from bullying victimization to bringing a weapon to school
Authors: Hong Jun Sung , Zhuang Leyi , Thornberg Robert , Jungert Tomas , Grmusa Adrijana
Published: September 2023

Objective

The current study examined whether bullying victimization was associated with bringing a weapon to school, fully or partly mediated by feeling unsafe in school, negative future education orientation, and skipping school.

Method

Data from 6199 students (12–18 years old), who had filled out the 2017 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, were analyzed.

Results

The results showed a positive association between bullying victimization and bringing a weapon to school. The link was both direct and indirect through the mediating roles of feeling unsafe in school, having a negative future education orientation, and skipping school.

Conclusion

Thus, victims of bullying tended to feel unsafe in school, have a negative future education orientation, and skip school—all of which were positively associated with bringing a weapon to school.
Application of pilot‐scale molecular distillation for enrichment of phytonutrients from a novel deodorizer distillate of the margarine and shortenings industry
Authors: Maziero Eluize Vayne , Moro Felipe , Ballus Cristiano Augusto , Tanabe Eduardo Hiromitsu , Bertuol Daniel Assumpção
Published: September 2023

Background

A wiped‐film molecular distillation (WFMD) pilot plant was used to evaluate process conditions for enriching phytonutrients (PN) from a novel vegetable oil deodorizer distillate (VODD) of the margarine and shortenings industry. This byproduct results from the incorporation of new blends of vegetable oils, such as soybean and palm oil, making it of interest due to its distinct chemical composition and matrix, which differ from those of deodorizer distillates studied previously. The significance of the present investigation is related to the properties of the oil blend, requiring the establishment of new process conditions for this specific VODD. Experimental design was used to evaluate the WFMD process variables, with the aim of removing free fatty acids and enabling eight PN to be concentrated in the reprocessing stages.

Results

The product obtained after three WFMD stages presented a fivefold increase in the total PN concentration, compared to the raw material. Notably, the procedure provided enrichment ratios of 7.2‐fold for total tocopherols (including α‐, β‐, λ‐ and δ‐tocopherols), 4.5‐fold for total phytosterols (including campesterol, stigmasterol and β‐sitosterol) and 1.2‐fold for squalene, together with a deacidification efficiency of 78.93%.

Conclusion

The proposed process provided significant concentration gains for all eight PN evaluated, resulting in a value‐added product. These excellent results were achieved using only three WFMD stages, without any need for additional processing steps. The data obtained at the pilot scale provide valuable insights for predicting the scalability of the process and facilitating potential industrial implementation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The effect of ionizing radiation on the fetal bone development in pregnant rats: Role of melatonin
Authors: Tokpinar Adem , Nisari Mehtap , Yilmaz Seher , Yay Arzu , Yildiz Oğuz Galip , Balcioğlu Esra , Alişan Pınar , Bilgici Pınar , Uçar Sümeyye , Ateş Şükrü , Bağci Kezban
Published: September 2023

Radiation has been widely used in many business sectors over the last century. Our study investigated the possible teratogenic effects of radiation on the bones of rat fetuses and the protective effect of melatonin against these effects. In this study, 15 pregnant female Wistar albino rats were used. These rats were divided into four groups: the control group, melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day), radiation group (0.5 gray), radiation (0.5 gray) + melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day), and sham group (1 mm hanks/day). The skeletal system development of fetuses was examined with double skeletal and scanning electron microscope (SEM), histopathological methods. In our study, fetal weight, placental weight, and fetal morphometric values were found to be statistically significantly decreased in the radiation group compared to the control group (p < .05). In immünohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, alkaline phosphatase, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase) concentrations were found to be significantly lower in the radiation group compared to the other groups. In the SEM analysis, it was observed that the amount of calcium and sodium decreased when the radiation group was compared with the other groups. As a result, when exposed to ionizing radiation during pregnancy, melatonin has a protective feature against the negative effects of radiation on the bone development of fetuses.

Research Highlights

In our study, fetuses obtained from pregnant rats exposed to ionizing radiation were examined.

In this study, the effect of melatonin on bone development in fetuses exposed to gray ionizing radiation was investigated.

There are few studies on our subject in the literature. We believe that our findings will contribute to other planned studies.
Matted Lymph Nodes on MRI in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Prognostic Factor and Potential Indication for Induction Chemotherapy Benefits
Authors: Dong Annan , Zhu Siyu , Ma Huali , Wei Xiaoyu , Huang Wenjie , Ruan Guangying , Liu Lizhi , Mo Yunxian , Ai Fei
Published: September 2023

Background

Lymph node characteristics markedly affect nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prognosis. Matted node (MN), an important characteristic for lymph node, lacks explored MRI‐based prognostic implications.

Purpose

Investigate MRI‐determined MNs' prognostic value in NPC, including 5‐year overall survival (OS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and its role in induction chemotherapy (IC).

Study Type

Retrospective cohort survival study.

Population

Seven hundred ninety‐two patients with non‐metastatic NPC (female: 27.3%, >45‐year old: 50.1%) confirmed by biopsy.

Field Strength/Sequence

5‐T/3.0‐T, T1‐, T2‐ and post‐contrast T1‐weighted fast spin echo sequences acquired.

Assessment

MNs were defined as ≥3 nodes abutting with intervening fat plane replaced by extracapsular nodal spread (ENS). Patients were observed every 3 months for 2 years and every 6 months for 5 years using MRI. Follow‐up extended from treatment initiation to death or final follow‐up. MNs were evaluated by three radiologists with inter‐reader reliability calculated. A 1:1 matched‐pair method compared survival differences between MN‐positive patients with or without IC. Primary endpoints (OS, DMFS, LRFS, PFS) were calculated from therapy initiation to respective event.

Statistical Tests

Kappa values assessed inter‐reader reliability. Correlation between MN, ENS, and LNN was studied through Spearman's correlation coefficient. Clinical characteristics were calculated via Fisher's exact, Chi‐squared, and Student's t‐test. Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank tests analyzed all time‐to‐event data. Confounding factors were included in Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to identify independent prognostic factors. P‐values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

MNs incidence was 24.6%. MNs independently associated with decreased 5‐year OS, DMFS, and PFS; not LRFS (P = 0.252). MN‐positive patients gained significant survival benefit from IC in 5‐year OS (88.4% vs. 66.0%) and PFS (76.4% vs. 53.5%), but not DMFS (83.1% vs. 69.9%, P = 0.145) or LRFS (89.9% vs. 77.8%, P = 0.140).

Data Conclusion

MNs may independently stratify NPC risk and offer survival benefit from IC.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Empirical Raman calibration of trioctahedral ferromagnesium chlorite minerals
Authors: Lamm Sarah N. , Lacroix Brice , Marshall C. P. , Lahfid Abdeltif , Gasda Patrick J. , Kempton Pamela D. , Trincal Vincent , Buatier Martine , Lanari Pierre , Vennemann Torsten
Published: September 2023

Chlorite is a common hydrated‐aluminous phyllosilicate mineral group that forms in most geological environments (e.g., hydrothermal, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic). The chemical composition of chlorite depends on several factors including temperature, pressure, fluid, and bulk rock composition. Raman spectroscopy is proposed as a quick and cost‐effective alternative to scanning electron microscopy and electron probe micro‐analysis, which involve complex sample preparation. In this paper, we demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy is a viable technique to determine the chemical composition of chlorite. Our results show that chlorite's Raman spectra changes quantitatively as a function of its chemical composition. Iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) content (APFU) is linearly correlated with the peak positions of three bands: Band 1 (99–104 cm−1), Band 8 (546–553 cm−1), and Band D (3,570–3,580 cm−1). In contrast, silicon (Si) and tetrahedral aluminum (AlIV) are correlated with a single band's position, Band 9b (663–679 cm−1). We derived 18 empirical rules from these correlations, aiding geoscientists in accurately identifying and determining chlorite composition using Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, this technique holds potential for determining chlorite's chemical composition during planetary exploration, leveraging existing Raman spectrometers deployed on Mars and for future space missions.
Muir–Torre syndrome and recent updates on screening guidelines: The link between colorectal tumors and sebaceous adenomas in unusual locations
Authors: Shaker Nada , Shaker Nuha , Abid Abdul , Shah Sahrish , Shakra Rafat Abu , Sangueza Omar P.
Published: September 2023

Background

Muir–Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by mismatch repair (MMR) protein mutations. MTS increases the risk of developing skin and gastrointestinal tumors such as sebaceous adenomas (SAs), sebaceous carcinomas, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. The risk of developing these types of tumors varies depending on the involved mutation and the individual's family history risk.

Case Presentation

A 47‐year‐old male presented with multiple skin lesions on the scalp, face, flank, and back. The examination revealed well‐circumscribed, dome‐shaped papules with a yellowish appearance with white oily material in the center. Histopathologic examination showed a well‐circumscribed sebaceous neoplasm consistent with a mixture of basaloid cells and lobules of bland‐appearing mature adipocytes that communicate directly to the surface epithelium. Focal cystic changes and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltrate were noted. Increased mitotic figures were seen in the basaloid cell component. The overall findings were consistent with the diagnosis of SAs. MMR staining showed preserved expression in MLH1 and PMS2 proteins, while MSH2 and MSH6 staining showed loss of protein expression. A screening colonoscopy showed numerous colon and rectal tumors, prompting concerns about the likelihood of MTS. Surgical intervention was pursued for complete resection. Histology revealed a diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma/adenocarcinoma with mucinous features of the colon. The diagnosis of MTS was supported by molecular testing that revealed MSH2 germline mutation. The increased likelihood of MTS was attributed to the occurrence of SAs in unusual locations of the head and neck regions, unlike typical cases.

Conclusion

MTS is a rare clinical condition that necessitates prompt thorough evaluation and periodic surveillance. When SA is encountered in atypical locations, it is important to consider additional testing supported by immunohistochemical staining, molecular testing, and regular screening to exclude the likelihood of MTS.
Performance of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Acute Colonic Diverticulitis
Authors: Perysinakis Iraklis , Klontzas Michail E. , Psaroudakis Ioannis G. , Karantanas Apostolos H. , de Bree Eelco , Vassalou Evangelia E.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Computed tomography is regarded as the reference‐standard imaging modality for the assessment of acute left‐sided colonic diverticulitis (ALCD). However, its utility may be impaired by cost issues, limited availability, radiation exposure, and contrast‐related adverse effects. Ultrasonography is increasingly advocated as an alternative technique for evaluating ALCD, although there is variation regarding its accuracy in disease diagnosis and staging and in determining alternative diagnoses. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of ultrasonography in diagnosing ALCD, differentiating complicated from non‐complicated disease and defining alternative diseases related to left lower quadrant pain.

Methods

Within a 2‐year period, all consecutive adult patients with clinically suspected ALCD and available abdominal computed tomography were prospectively evaluated and planned to undergo an abdominal ultrasonographic examination, tailored to the assessment of left lower quadrant. Computed tomography (CT) was regarded as the reference standard.

Results

A total of 132 patients (60 males, 72 females; mean age: 61.3 ± 11 years) were included. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve of ultrasonography for diagnosing ALCD were 88.6, 84.9, and 86.8%, with positive and negative predictive values of 89.7 and 83.3%, respectively. The method had sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve of 77.8, 100, and 88.9%, respectively, for defining complicated disease. The area under the curve for the identification of alternative diseases in patients with left lower quadrant pain was 90.9%.

Conclusions

Ultrasonography has high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing ALCD, differentiating complicated from non‐complicated disease and establishing alternative diagnoses related to left lower quadrant pain. A low threshold to get a CT should be maintained as not to miss cases that may mimic ALCD.
Ultrasound‐Guided Coccygeal Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation and Steroid Injection: Combination Therapy for Coccydynia
Authors: Can Ezgi , Yildiz Gokhan , Akkaya Ömer Taylan , Perdecioğlu Gevher Rabia Genç , Yürük Damla
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Coccydynia is characterized by pain in tailbone region, which affects the quality of life. Various interventional procedures are performed for coccydynia that is unresponsive to conservative treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound (US)‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and steroid injection of the coccygeal nerve in patients with idiopathic and traumatic coccydynia.

Methods

In this prospective study, 32 patients with coccydynia unresponsive to conservative treatments underwent US‐guided RFA of the coccygeal nerve. Coccygeal nerves were visualized at the level of the coccygeal cornua with US, 1 mL lidocaine 2% was injected into both areas and radiofrequency ablation was performed at 90°C for 60 seconds. After RFA, 2 mL dexamethasone and 2 mL bupivacaine 0.5% were injected. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Paris scales were used to evaluate the effect of treatment on pain and functionality before and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment.

Results

We found that 54% of the patients had a >50% reduction in VAS score and 66% of the patients had a >50% reduction in Paris scores measured between baseline and week 12. Additionally, the main effect of time on the VAS and Paris scores was statistically significant (P < .001) in all measurements. Baseline P and VAS scores were higher than the post‐treatment measurements (P < .001).

Conclusions

Our study showed that US‐guided steroid injection and RFA of the coccygeal nerve for chronic coccydynia significantly improved pain and function scores at weeks 1, 4, and 12. RFA also results in a lower rate of adverse events. This study is the first clinical trial of ultrasound‐guided coccygeal nerve RFA in patients with coccydynia. We believe that this new less invasive method may be an alternative to other interventional treatments.
Quality of Life Improvement in Concurrent Septorhinoplasty and Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Bulut Olcay Cem , Lippert Burkard M. , Riedel Frank , Plath Michaela , Hohenberger Ralph
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Septorhinoplasty (SRPL) and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) are two frequently performed surgeries to improve quality of life (QoL) in patients with nasal symptoms. It has been demonstrated as a safe combination regarding complication rates, but patient satisfaction in concurrent surgery has not been adequately studied yet.

Methods

Patients undergoing sole FESS due to chronic rhinosinusitis (n = 57), sole SRPL (n = 148), and concurrent surgery (n = 62) were prospectively evaluated for their disease‐specific QoL before and one year after surgery. Each procedure was performed by the same surgeon (OCB). For SRPL, the patient‐reported outcome measures Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) and Functional Rhinoplasty Outcome Inventory (FROI‐17) were utilized, and for chronic rhinosinusitis, the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT22).

Results

All three groups showed significant improvement in the postoperative QoL measurements (all p < 0.01). The postoperative improvements were slightly smaller in the concurrent surgery group compared with the single surgery groups measured with ROE (combined: +55.2 ± 9.3, single: +58.8 ± 9.8, p = 0.02), FROI total score (combined: +47.6 ± 5.2, single: +49 ± 5.4; p = 0.08) and SNOT22 (combined: +33.1 ± 6.7, single +34.5 ± 7, p = 0.26).

Conclusions

SRPL, FESS, and combined surgery improve disease‐specific QoL. When applicable, surgeons may offer the benefits of a combined procedure without compromising the QoL gain.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:1239–1245, 2024
On complemented copies of the space c0 in spaces Cp(X,E)$C_p(X,E)$
Authors: Bargetz Christian , Kąkol Jerzy , Sobota Damian
Published: September 2023

We study the question for which Tychonoff spaces X and locally convex spaces E the space of continuous E‐valued functions on X contains a complemented copy of the space , both endowed with the pointwise topology. We provide a positive answer for a vast class of spaces, extending classical theorems of Cembranos, Freniche, and Domański and Drewnowski, proved for the case of Banach and Fréchet spaces . Also, for given infinite Tychonoff spaces X and Y, we show that contains a complemented copy of if and only if any of the spaces and contains such a subspace.
A Polymer Acceptor with Grafted Small Molecule Acceptor Unit for Efficient All Polymer Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Wendi , Huang Yuzhong , Ma Kangqiao , Si Xiaodong , Feng Wanying , Wang Ruohan , Guo Jiaxin , Ma Wei , Wang Shijie , Clulow Andrew , Barnsley Lester , Yao Zhaoyang , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: September 2023

A polymer acceptor, named PX‐1, is  designed and synthesized using a polymerization strategy with grafted small molecule acceptors. This design approach allows for the freedom of end groups while maintaining efficient terminal packing, enhancing π–π interactions, and facilitating charge transport. All‐polymer organic solar cells based on PM6: PX‐1 demonstrate a promising efficiency of 13.55%. The result presents an alternative pathway for the design of high‐efficiency polymer acceptors through the careful regulation of small molecule acceptor monomers and linker units.
Human papillomavirus associated cervical lesion: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Ye Jiatian , Zheng Lan , He Yuedong , Qi Xiaorong
Published: September 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted virus globally. Persistent high‐risk HPV infection can result in cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, with 70% of cervical cancer cases associated with high‐risk types HPV16 and 18. HPV infection imposes a significant financial and psychological burden. Therefore, studying methods to eradicate HPV infection and halt the progression of precancerous lesions remains crucial. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms underlying HPV‐related cervical lesions, including the viral life cycle, immune factors, epithelial cell malignant transformation, and host and environmental contributing factors. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of treatment methods for HPV‐related cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Our focus is on immunotherapy, encompassing HPV therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and advanced adoptive T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the commonly employed drugs and other nonsurgical treatments currently utilized in clinical practice for managing HPV infection and associated cervical lesions. Gene editing technology is currently undergoing clinical research and, although not yet employed officially in clinical treatment of cervical lesions, numerous preclinical studies have substantiated its efficacy. Therefore, it holds promise as a precise treatment strategy for HPV‐related cervical lesions.
Impacts of platform coupons and power structure on an e‐commerce supply chain
Authors: Wan Nana
Published: September 2023

This paper considers an e‐commerce supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and an online platform and investigates the manufacturer's pricing decisions without and with platform coupons and the online platform's coupon decision under different power structures. In the manufacturer (platform) Stackelberg power structure, issuing platform coupons cannot (can) always stimulate the demand and benefit the manufacturer, the online platform, and the entire system. In the vertical Nash power structure, issuing platform coupons can always stimulate demand and benefit the manufacturer and the entire system but cannot always benefit the online platform.
Optimization of signal‐to‐noise ratio of laser heterodyne radiometer
Authors: Sun Chunyan , He Xinyu , Xu Ruoyu , Lu Sifan , Pan Xueping , Bai Jin
Published: September 2023

The ground‐based laser heterodyne radiometer (LHR), which exhibits the advantages of small size, high spectral resolution, and easy integration, has been used for the remote sensing detection of several gases to meet a wide range of needs. This study aims to optimize the laser heterodyne system for detecting CO2 gas by focusing on existing research. Firstly, using the all‐fiber laser heterodyne detection system built by our research group, the power spectrum associated with the radio frequency signals of the detection system is discussed under different conditions: under no irradiation, under sunlight only, under sunlight and laser irradiation at the absorption peak, and under a filter in the spectrum range of 185–270 MHz. Signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) of the high‐resolution spectrum have been obtained using different filter bands of 185–270, 225–270, and 225–400 MHz. Finally, the filter in the 225–270 MHz band, which has the highest SNR, is selected. Consequently, the resolution is improved and the system is further optimized. Furthermore, an optical fiber attenuator is used to change the power of the local oscillator light entering the system, and hyperspectral spectra with varying percentages of input energy and total energy are obtained. When the laser attenuation reaches 40%, the optimal SNR of the system is 486 and can be further improved to meet the expected requirements. This study will provide insights for improving the applicability of laser heterodyne technology in atmospheric sounding.
A characterization of cardiac‐induced noise in R2* maps of the brain
Authors: Raynaud Quentin , Di Domenicantonio Giulia , Yerly Jérôme , Dardano Thomas , van Heeswijk Ruud B. , Lutti Antoine
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Cardiac pulsation increases the noise level in brain maps of the transverse relaxation rate R2*. Cardiac‐induced noise is challenging to mitigate during the acquisition of R2* mapping data because its characteristics are unknown. In this work, we aim to characterize cardiac‐induced noise in brain maps of the MRI parameter R2*.

Methods

We designed a sampling strategy to acquire multi‐echo 3D data in 12 intervals of the cardiac cycle, monitored with a fingertip pulse‐oximeter. We measured the amplitude of cardiac‐induced noise in this data and assessed the effect of cardiac pulsation on R2* maps computed across echoes. The area of k‐space that contains most of the cardiac‐induced noise in R2* maps was then identified. Based on these characteristics, we introduced a tentative sampling strategy that aims to mitigate cardiac‐induced noise in R2* maps of the brain.

Results

In inferior brain regions, cardiac pulsation accounts for R2* variations of up to 3 s−1 across the cardiac cycle (i.e., ∼35% of the overall variability). Cardiac‐induced fluctuations occur throughout the cardiac cycle, with a reduced intensity during the first quarter of the cycle. A total of 50% to 60% of the overall cardiac‐induced noise is localized near the k‐space center (k < 0.074 mm−1). The tentative cardiac noise mitigation strategy reduced the variability of R2* maps across repetitions by 11% in the brainstem and 6% across the whole brain.

Conclusion

We provide a characterization of cardiac‐induced noise in brain R2* maps that can be used as a basis for the design of mitigation strategies during data acquisition.
Activation of the classical complement pathway in myasthenia gravis with acetylcholine receptor antibodies
Authors: Ozawa Yukiko , Uzawa Akiyuki , Onishi Yosuke , Yasuda Manato , Kojima Yuta , Kuwabara Satoshi
Published: September 2023

Introduction/Aims

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of skeletal muscle. Complement activation is one of the mechanisms by which anti–acetylcholine receptor (anti‐AChR) autoantibodies reduce synaptic transmission at the NMJ. In this study, we aimed to examine the activation of the complement pathways, including the classical pathway, as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of MG with anti‐AChR antibodies.

Methods

In this single‐center, observational study of 45 patients with anti‐AChR–antibody‐positive generalized MG, serum concentrations of major components of the complement pathways, including C1q, C5, C5a, soluble C5b‐9 (sC5b‐9), Ba, and complement factor H, were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 25 patients with a non‐inflammatory neurological disorder served as controls. In addition, the relationships of complement activation with clinical characteristics were examined.

Results

The patients with MG exhibited lower serum levels of C5 (p = .0001) and higher serum levels of sC5b‐9 (p = .004) compared with the control group. At about 6 months (range, 172–209 days) after the start of immunotherapy, serum levels of Ba were significantly higher than baseline levels (p = .002) and were associated with improvement in MG clinical scores.

Discussion

Herein, we provide evidence for the activation of the classical complement pathway and its association with disease activity in anti‐AChR–antibody‐positive generalized MG.
A displacement‐driven approach to frictional contact mechanics
Authors: Rahmi Diah Puspita , Fleischhauer Robert , Kaliske Michael
Published: September 2023

The contribution at hand aims at a numerical method to represent contact between two or more different solid bodies. The proposed computational contact algorithm is based on a displacement‐driven approach to describe the geometrical constraint resulting from the impenetrability of the solid bodies in contact. A solution method of contact between one deformable and one rigid body is assumed for the initial computationally fast implementation of the underlying equations. Elastic or inelastic material behavior can be considered for the deformable body. Furthermore, the proposed approach is capable of finite deformations. Moreover, a node‐to‐segment (NTS) formulation is utilized for contact element discretization. Various numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the numerical method's applicability for different contact mechanics tasks. First, the presented examples verify the displacement‐driven approach by investigating its convergence behavior and consistency. Then, comparisons of solutions by the proposed formulation to the analytical solution and the penalty method are provided to validate its accuracy. Moreover, the stick and slip condition of large sliding motion in a frictional contact problem is successfully depicted.