bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’avenir des sciences sociales Entre l’empirique et le normatif
Authors: Abbott Andrew
Published: January 2017

Ce texte prend appui sur la tradition processualiste afin d'identifier les facteurs susceptibles de produire rapidement un changement dans les sciences sociales. Le plus important est le décalage qui existe entre les dimensions empirique et normative des sciences sociales. L'article défend l'idée qu'un tel décalage entre la diversité des ontologies empiriques à notre disposition et l'éventail plus réduit des ontologies normatives sur lesquelles nous nous appuyons est problématique. De fait, la plupart des sciences sociales ont recours à un « contractualisme normatif ». Ontologie normative la plus courante dans les sciences sociales, ce dernier n'est cependant pas en mesure d'appréhender correctement les problèmes normatifs soulevés par les notions de « particularité », d'« historicité » et de « diversité des valeurs ». Pour conclure, ce texte appelle de ses voeux une analyse normative du monde social qui se démarque du contractualisme et pose les jalons d'une approche proprement processualiste.
Contextes et temporalités dans la sociologie processuelle d’Andrew Abbott
Authors: Jouvenet Morgan
Published: January 2017

Depuis les années 1970, Andrew Abbott a construit une oeuvre originale et ambitieuse. Il a notamment prôné le développement d'une sociologie « processuelle » réactivant les principaux préceptes de la tradition sociologique de Chicago, quelque peu oubliés selon lui. Contre l'abstraction fonctionnaliste, contre le « paradigme des variables », il relève l'intérêt de cette tradition pour l'étude des schèmes d'interaction et de leurs contextes, et approfondit la réflexion sur leur caractère situé en s'intéressant à leur inscription dans des séquences dont on peut formaliser la succession. Il s'agit aussi d'articuler des processus se déroulant à des rythmes et des niveaux différents. Ce projet s'appuie sur l'identification de la texture du monde social à celle d'un « monde d'événements », dans lequel « le changement est la nature normale des choses » et non « quelque chose qui arrive occasionnellement à des acteurs sociaux stables ». L'enquête doit donc permettre d'expliquer l'émergence et la pérennité d'entités sociales (par exemple des professions ou des disciplines) dans ce flux d'événements. L'originalité consiste ainsi à fonder une conception institutionnaliste des réalités sociales sur une pensée du mouvement permanent.

Marqué par la philosophie pragmatiste états-unienne, mais également taraudé par la question de l'ordre et des structures sociales, A. Abbott livre des propositions encore mal connues pour saisir la variété des contextes et temporalités des processus qui, en croisant divers « lignages » d'événements, constituent les traditions et entités sociales. Cet article présente ces propositions et l'environnement intellectuel dans lequel elles ont émergé. Il interroge aussi la place donnée à la contingence et à l'acteur individuel dans l'approche processuelle – qui permet, selon A. Abbott, d'oeuvrer à la synthèse de l'histoire et de la sociologie.
Élites, élitisme et communauté dans la polis archaïque
Authors: Ma John
Published: January 2017

Cet article étudie la diversité et les modes d'expression des cultures politiques des communautés grecques à l'époque archaïque (650–450 av. J.-C.), à la lumiére de travaux récents sur les biens publics et sur la notion même de « public » auxquels il I I fait partiellement écho. Il s'agit également d'apporter une contribution fragmentaire à la longue histoire de la cité grecque. La dichotomie entre le modèle des « élites » ou de l'« aristocratie », d'une part, et celui des classes « moyennes » ou « populaires », d'autre part, se révèle être un ensemble de comportements relevant d'une mise en scène politique, fondés sur différentes institutions politiques et notamment sur l'accès aux biens publics. Le modèle des « classes moyennes » reflète paradoxalement un accès politique restreint, tandis que la compétition « aristocratique » est en fait une réponse à la tension et à l'incertitude résultant d'une large participation au corps civique. Le système de questions et de gestes relatifs à la distinction n'est donc pas socialement autonome, mais directement lié aux besoins politiques et aux pressions institutionnelles. Cet article cherche donc à démontrer que les biens publics jouent un rôle central dans la formation de la polis archaïque, mais qu'il faut également accorder une place essentielle dans ce processus à l'accès formel à la chose publique et aux droits afférents, c'est-à-dire à l'état et à son développement potentiel. La démarche consistant à replacer l'« état » dans l'histoire de la formation de la cité-état en Grèce n'est pas sans risque (notamment celui de céder à la tentation téléologique), mais elle a le mérite de ne pas tomber dans les mêmes travers que certaines études récentes qui minimisent l'importance de l'état (quand elles ne l'évacuent pas complètement) et réduisent la polis à un simple phénomène de constitution des élites et d'accaparement des biens publics par ces dernières.
Que savons-nous vraiment de la société athénienne ?
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas
Published: January 2017

Les récits traditionnels sur la société athénienne interrogent peu les sources, considérées comme le reflet fidèle de la réalité athénienne. Ils présentent le modèle de citoyens travaillant sans contrainte en tant que producteurs indépendants tandis qu'une élite accumule les richesses en exploitant des esclaves. Ce modèle sous-estime aussi bien les effets grossissants que les omissions systématiques des sources, ainsi que leurs implications. Cet article offre une méthodologie alternative pour représenter la société athénienne, en cartographiant le champ de vision des sources athéniennes et les discours qui ciblent délibérément certains aspects, tout en en laissant d'autres dans l'ombre. Il étudie en particulier la distinction en vigueur à Athènes entre hommes libres et esclaves, et montre que la mise en avant de cette distinction découle moins de l'importance de l'esclavage à Athènes qu'elle ne révèle la tendance des sources à ignorer le grand nombre d'hommes libres qui ne travaillaient pas à leur compte. La marge est donc grande entre le clivage qui sépare en théorie nettement hommes libres et esclaves, et son application dans la pratique. Afin de renouveler notre approche de la société athénienne, il convient de prendre en compte ces aspects, systématiquement exclus du viseur de nos sources, mais aussi d'appréhender certaines distinctions conceptuelles majeures, par exemple entre hommes libres et esclaves, non pas comme le reflet de la réalité, mais comme l'illustration du regard qu'une société choisit de porter sur elle, et d'en rechercher les fondements historiques.
L’autorité entre masque et signe
Authors: Cournarie Paul
Published: January 2017

Quid du corps du roi hellénistique ? Lorsqu'on parle des rois dans l'Antiquité, on se trouve nécessairement en dessous du schème mis au jour par Ernst Kantorowicz, étudiant le corps avant les deux corps du roi. L'analyse de la Cyropédie de Xénophon permet de retrouver cette configuration, où le problème n'est pas celui de la conformation, toujours inadéquate, à un sur-corps royal, mais plutôt celui de l'embranchement, toujours opaque, du naturel et de la pompe, celle-ci étant le complément nécessaire de celui-là dans les conditions d'un empire étendu, celui-là risquant de disparaître sous le luxe dont s'entoure le souverain. Entre transparence et obstacle, signe et masque donc, ce modèle se trouve raffiné par Alexandre le Grand. S'il est pris dans la même alternative, le Conquérant est sous le feu de critiques qui l'obligent à séparer tactiquement sa personne et le luxe. Cette séparation n'a rien d'une dualité et ne fait que s'appuyer sur des frontières I V mouvantes, en insistant tantôt sur le corps naturellement royal d'Alexandre, tantôt au contraire sur le luxe reconfiguré par l'extrême maîtrise du souverain. Les rois hellénistiques, qui héritent de ce lot de problèmes, alternent entre une symbolisation de leur naturel et une naturalisation du symbolique, dans un jeu qui jamais ne cesse ni ne se stabilise, avant que l'arrivée de Rome ne vienne détruire ce corps royal en construction permanente. Tout se passe donc comme si l'incarnation de la royauté avait été proprement inconcevable.
La poste au douar
Authors: Lacroix Annick
Published: January 2017

Pendant toute la période coloniale, les usagers algériens sont largement absents des archives de l'administration des PTT (postes, télégraphes et téléphones). Si la conquête française ne marque pas l'« entrée en communication » des populations colonisées, dont les pratiques scripturaires sont anciennes, faut-il voir dans cette absence le refus motivé d'un progrès colonisateur ? L'entre-deux-guerres marque de ce point de vue un tournant : la pression des élus locaux et l'affluence des pétitions de villageois non citoyens reconfigurent un service public jusque-là accaparé par les usagers européens. Tardivement et toujours à moindres frais, l'administration favorise alors la desserte postale de régions enclavées.

Observant la situation coloniale dans ses manifestations les plus locales et les plus quotidiennes, l'article éclaire la question des écrits ordinaires et restitue l'épaisseur des usages d'un service de proximité. À condition de ne pas limiter l'étude à la présence française en Algérie et de pousser la documentation coloniale à révéler les rouages de la société algérienne et les réorganisations suscitées par la rencontre coloniale. Plaintes et pétitions disent ainsi quelque chose du rapport de populations non citoyennes, rurales et majoritairement illettrées à l'état colonial. L'utilisation inattendue de la poste et sa revendication subversive conduisent les colonisés à bricoler une identité politique qui emprunte certaines des pratiques des citoyens actifs et pousse les autorités franêaises à proposer des ajustements inédits.
Peran Komunikasi, Informasi, dan Edukasi pada Asma Anak
Authors: Matondang M. Arif , Lubis Helmi M , Daulay Ridwan M , Panggabean G , Dalimunthe Wisman
Published: January 2017

Asma merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronik, kadangkala memerlukan tata laksana jangka panjang. Program komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi (KIE) merupakan bagian tata laksana asma. Dengan penerapan program KIE diharap dapat mengurangi kekambuhan asma, meningkatkan pengetahuan, mengurangi biaya pengobatan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Dibutuhkan kerjasama unsur terkait pada tata laksana asma.
Hubungan antara Kadar High Density Lipoprotein dengan Derajat Sepsis Berdasarkan Skor Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction
Authors: Yulianti Emi , Pudjiadi Antonius H. , Said Mardjanis , Suyoko E.M. Dady , Satari Hindra Irawan , Gayatri Pramita
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Sepsis masih merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar di Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Peran high density lipoprotein(HDL) pada keadaan sepsis mengikat dan menetralisir lipopolisakarida (LPS), menghambat adhesi molekul dalam kaskade inflamasi, dan sebagai antioksidan.Tujuan. Mengetahui profil HDL pada anak sepsis serta mengetahui hubungan kadar HDL dengan derajat sepsis berdasarkan skor pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD). Metode.Studi potong lintang pada anak sepsis di PICU Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) usia 1 bulan- 18 tahun antara April-Agustus 2011.Hasil. Didapatkan 34 subjek, dengan sebaran terbanyak pada kelompok usia <2 tahun (19/34). Terdapat hubungan antara kematian dengan skor PELOD >20 (p=0,000). Lima dari 7 pasien dengan skor PELOD >20 ditemukan mempunyai kadar HDL rendah (p=1). Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara kematian dengan kadar HDL (p=0,248). Terdapat korelasi lemah berbanding terbalik antara kadar HDL dengan skoring PELOD tetapi tidak bermakna secara statistik (r =-0,304, p = 0,080)Kesimpulan. Pasien sepsis dengan skor PELOD tinggi cenderung memiliki kadar HDL rendah.
Deteksi Dini Gangguan Tumbuh Kembang Balita
Authors: Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko
Published: January 2017

Deteksi dini gangguan tumbuh kembang balita dapat dilakukan melalui anamnesis,pemeriksaan fisis rutin, skrining perkembangan dan pemeriksaan lanjutan. Keluhanorangtua mengenai penyimpangan perkembangan anaknya perlu ditindaklanjuti karenasebagian terbukti benar. Penting pula menanyakan faktor-faktor risiko di lingkunganmikro (ibu), mini (lingkungan keluarga dan tempat tinggal), meso (lingkungan tetangga,polusi, budaya, pelayanan kesehatan dan pendidikan) dan makro (kebijakan program)yang dapat mengganggu tumbuh kembang balita atau dapat dioptimalkan untukmengatasi gangguan tersebut. Pemeriksaan fisis rutin meliputi pengukuran tinggi danberat badan, bentuk dan ukuran lingkar kepala, kelainan organ-organ lain danpemeriksaan neurologis dasar. Skrining perkembangan dapat menggunakan kuesioneratau melakukan pengamatan langsung pada balita. Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan(KPSP) berisi 10 pertanyaan untuk setiap kelompok umur, yang ditanyakan kepadaorangtua oleh paramedis atau dokter. Buku Pedoman Perkembangan Anak di Keluarga(Depkes RI) menilai 4 keterampilan balita untuk setiap kelompok umur, yang dapatdilakukan oleh paramedis atau kader kesehatan. Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) berisi35 perilaku anak yang dapat ditanyakan oleh paramedis atau dokter kepada orangtua.Kuesioner Skrining Perilaku Anak Prasekolah menyerupai PSC tetapi hanya berisi 30pertanyaan. Skrining Perkembangan Denver II mempunyai kepekaan yang cukup baikuntuk deteksi gangguan gerak kasar, gerak halus, berbahasa dan personal sosial. Selainitu secara tidak langsung dapat mendeteksi gangguan penglihatan, koordinasi matatangan,pendengaran, pemahaman, komunikasi verbal - non verbal, pemecahan masalahdan kemandirian, namun kurang peka untuk gangguan emosional. Checklist for Autismin Toddlers (CHAT) adalah salah satu alat skrining untuk deteksi dini gangguan spektrumautistik (austistic spectrum disorder) anak umur 18 bulan sampai 3 tahun. Pemeriksaanlanjutan yang komprehensif sebaiknya melibatkan berbagai profesi dan disiplin keilmuanuntuk memastikan jenis, derajat dan penyebab gangguan, serta merencanakan tindaklanjut yang komprehensif dan terintegrasi agar anak dapat tumbuh kembang optimal.
Tata laksana Bayi dari Ibu pengidap HIV/AIDS
Authors: Suradi Rulina
Published: January 2017

Sejak diidentifikasi kasus AIDS pada tahun 1981 di Los Angeles, kasus AIDS melandadunia. Di Asia Tenggara jumlah kasus yang dilaporkan pada tahun 1999 adalah 134.671kasus. Di Indonesia secara kumulatif tercatat dari September 1987 sampai denganDesember 2001 terdapat 1904 kasus HIV positif dan 615 kasus AIDS. Transmisi vertikaldari ibu ke bayi dapat secara transmisi intra-uterin, intrapartum dan melalui ASI. Denganberbagai cara misalnya persalinan melalui bedah kaisar dan penggunaan obat obatantirertroviral terjadi pengurangan transmisi vertikal secara intra-uterin dan intrapartum,tetapi transmisi melalui ASI tidak dapat dicegah. Tata laksana bayi dari ibu pengidapHIV/AIDS adalah suportif, meliputi pemberian imunisasi rutin, pemantauanpertumbuhan dan pemeriksaan darah. Bila timbul gejala segera obati dengan obatantiretroviral.
Uji Sensitivitas Salmonella typhi Terhadap Berbagai Antibiotik di Bagian Anak RSUD ULIN Banjarmasin
Authors: Hartoyo Edi , Yunanto Ari , Budiarti Lia
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Demam tifoid di Kalimantan Selatan merupakan infeksi usus akut denganangka kejadian dan angka kematian yang cukup tinggi. Sampai saat ini belum ada datamengenai pola sensitivitas Salmonella typhi terhadap antibiotik, khususnya di KalimantanSelatan.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui sensitivitas Salmonela typhi terhadap berbagai antibiotik diBagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin.Metoda. Penelitian potong lintang, pada anak dengan gejala klinis demam tifoid yangdirawat di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUD Ulin periode Januari 2004 - Juni 2004.Darah dibiak pada media bouillon dan agar SS. Kuman yang tumbuh pada biakan tersebutdilakukan uji biokimia, serta uji sensitivitas terhadap antibiotik.Hasil. Salmonella typhi ditemukan pada 52 (73%) sampel darah dari 71 anak dengangejala demam tifoid. Uji sensitivitas menunjukkan ampisilin, amoksilin, dankloramfenikol mempunyai sensitivitas masing-masing sebesar 34%, 28%, dan 46%.Asam nalidiksat dan kotrimoksasol mempunyai sensitivitas yang sama sebesar 66%,sedangkan sefiksim dan azitromisin masing-masing sebesar 79%. Siprofloksasinmempunyai sensitivitas tertinggi sebesar 84%, dan tidak ada kuman S. typhi yang resistenterhadap azitromisin.Kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa antibiotik siprofloksasin,sefiksim, azitromisin masih sensitif terhadap kuman Salmonella typhi, sedangampisilin, amoksilin, serta kloramfenikol sudah resisten. Asam nalidiksat dankotrimoksasol mempunyai sensitivitas menengah, dan tidak ditemukan resistensiterhadap azitromisin.
Hemofilia A dengan Komplikasi Epilepsi Pasca Perdarahan Intrakranial
Authors: Puspita Irma Rochima , Amalia Pustika , Mangunatmadja Irawan
Published: January 2017

Seorang bayi laki-laki berumur 9 bulan dengan hemofilia A dirawat di RS Dr.Ciptomangunkusumo Jakarta epilepsi pasca perdarahan intrakranial akibat trauma dikepala. Adanya perdarahan intrakranial dipastikan oleh pemeriksaan CT Scan kepala.Diagnosis hemofilia A ditegakkan pada waktu penderita mengalami perdarahanintrakranial, sedangkan diagnosis epilepsi ditegakkan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan EEG.Pengobatan yang diberikan kepada penderita pada saat terjadinya perdarahan intrakranialialah konsentrat faktor VIII karena penderita alergi terhadap kriopresipitat. Tindakanbedah tidak dilakukan karena orang tua pasien menolak. Asam valproat diberikan untukpengobatan epilepsi.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO E RECICLAGEM QUÍMICA VIA PIRÓLISE DE RESÍDUOS DA FABRICAÇÃO DE PÁS EÓLICAS
Authors: Guerrero Patrícia Carla , Mancini Sandro Donnini , Toubia Carim Miguel
Published: January 2017

A energia eólica é uma forma de energia que seu uso encontra-se em expansão, e junto a esse crescimento, tem-se também o aumento da quantidade de resíduos gerados na fabricação das pás eólicas. Uma forma correta de destinação e aproveitamento desses resíduos é a reciclagem. Porém, esses são constituídos de materiais compósitos, geralmente a resina epóxi e a fibra de vidro; e por possuírem um polímero termofixo (a resina epóxi) na sua composição, a reciclagem convencional via fusão não é possível. Desta forma, a reciclagem química via pirólise apresenta-se como uma alternativa para o aproveitamento desses resíduos, em especial da fibra de vidro que o contém. Após caracterização do resíduo de uma indústria de pás eólicas, verificou-se que se tratava de um material com mais de 70% de fibra de vidro e muito densas. Foram realizados ensaios de pirólise a seco e com óleo de babaçu, considerado o mais interessante perante vários possíveis e no qual o resíduo fica totalmente imerso, facilitando o inchamento e a troca de calor. Em um sistema de aquecimento com vácuo, foram obtidas mais de 97% de fibras em 30 minutos a 310 oC, justamente a temperatura em que uma análise termogravimétrica apontou ser a de início de altas taxas de degradação térmica.
DIAGNÓSTICO DO PROCESSO DE COLETA E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE RECICLÁVEIS REALIZADO POR CATADORES NA CIDADE DE PASSO FUNDO/RS (BRASIL)
Authors: Pimentel Gomes Aline , Pandolfo Adalberto , Muhammad Dayane , Carissimi Elvis , Salles Martins Marcele
Published: January 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo diagnosticar o processo de coleta e comercialização de resíduos recicláveis, realizado pelos catadores da cidade de Passo Fundo/RS. Dados referentes ao trabalho dos catadores de recicláveis foram obtidos em entidades assistenciais ligadas aos catadores, com os sucateiros da cidade e com os próprios trabalhadores por meio de entrevistas, formulários e observações diretas. Os resultados demonstram que existem cerca de 1.500 catadores na cidade, incluindo jovens e crianças, 97% trabalham de forma autônoma, em condições precárias e têm que percorrer grandes distâncias para realizar a catação na área central da cidade. Os catadores possuem baixa escolaridade, sendo que 24% são analfabetos, a maioria tem a atividade de catação como única fonte de renda e 92% recebem um valor inferior ao salário mínimo. Além disso, o grande número de atravessadores e a grande distância até a indústria de reciclagem fazem com que os preços pagos pelos recicláveis aos catadores sejam baixos.
MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE FÓSFORO: UMA FERRAMENTA PARA A GESTÃO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS
Authors: Montovani Camila Pereira , Poletti Elaine Cristina Catapani
Published: January 2017

A água é um bem essencial à vida, dessa forma é imprescindível a garantia de sua qualidade para, dentre outras razões, a sobrevivência dos seres vivos. Hoje em dia, com a amplitude e o desenvolvimento das atividades antrópicas, é importante que rios, reservatórios e mananciais estejam com características físicas, químicas e biológicas dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pelos órgãos governamentais, de acordo com a classe a que se destinam. Com o intuito de se desenvolver uma ferramenta de suporte à gestão de recursos hídricos para análises de comportamento de poluentes, realizou-se uma modelagem da concentração do componente fósforo baseado em instrumentos matemáticos e computacionais, num manancial de abastecimento público. Os resultados obtidos apresentam o comportamento evolutivo do poluente e possibilitam a geração de cenários e a tomada de decisões com vistas a ações preventivas ou de remediação acerca de um componente que, em excesso, interfere na qualidade das águas devido, principalmente, ao processo de eutrofização que compromete toda a biota local.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN THE INDIGENOUS SCHOOLS OF BRASIL
Authors: Damas da Silveira Edson , Aily Franco de Camargo Serguei
Published: January 2017

The environmental education applied within indigenous schools, flowing from categories of fundamental rights overseen in the current Brazilian Constitution, deserves a great deal of reflection and attention by Brazilian educators. Besides promoting the specific elements proper to schools, they should be aware of the root principle of an environmental education shared by indigenous peoples, being the grounds for other equally relevant sub-principles which demand the involvement of the whole community: the promotion of interculturality, transversality and flexible approaches to environmental education in indigenous schools’ syllabuses, undertaken by children and young natives who require a methodology which is more tuned to their social dynamic and, above all, linked to the natural world. This quality of environmental education upholds a view of the sentiment of fraternity, which we should share equally with present and future generations.
O RISCO DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL EM UM NOVO DISPOSITIVO DE CONTROLE IDEOLÓGICO PARA A QUESTÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Marques Hélio César Fernandes , Pagani Maria Inez , Dias Romualdo
Published: January 2017

Em resposta às necessidades urgentes de transformação dos valores e comportamentos humanos, diante da crescente desestruturação das condições de vida biológica e cultural do planeta, determinados setores da comunidade internacional vêm se empenhando para investigar e debater as bases conceituais de um novo modelo social, assim como as suas estratégias de implementação a partir de um desenvolvimento

sustentável. Esta nova concepção de política de desenvolvimento, por sua vez, aparece como uma importante proposta de equacionamento da crise sócio-ambiental,

constituindo-se num processo de transição em direção ao estabelecimento de uma sociedade sustentável, o que pressupõe uma reconstrução integral da sociedade

contemporânea. Entretanto, o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável corre o sério risco de ser convertido em um dispositivo ideológico de controle social, no que se refere ao

encaminhamento do debate sobre a resolução da problemática ambiental. Ao estar sendo assimilado pelo discurso ambientalista de acordo com os interesses dos setores que controlam política e economicamente a dinâmica social, o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável acaba, freqüentemente, exercendo o papel de um eficiente instrumento de dissimulação das causas estruturais e contraditórias responsáveis pelo processo de degradação ambiental, servindo apenas para dar nova legitimidade para a expansão insustentável do modelo de sociedade vigente.
Toward Language in Action: Agency-Oriented Application of the GRASAC Database for Anishinaabe Language Revitalization
Authors: Willmott Cory Ann , Taitt Alexandra , Corbiere Mary Ann , Corbiere Alan
Published: January 2017

Under the direction of Ruth Phillips, GRASAC (Great Lakes Research Alliance for the Study of Aboriginal Arts and Culture) is a worldwide collaborative research consortium composed of indigenous community members, museum professionals, and academic researchers. This article discusses a project that explored the potential of GRASAC’s database to support language revitalization. The authors video recorded interviews with two beadworkers in the Anishinaabe language. Applying andragogy theory to the natural approach to language acquisition, the team processed the video into content rich video clips with a focus on the domain specific vocabulary of beadwork that is relevant to the heritage items in the GRASAC database. The team applied an agency-oriented approach to software development by systematically testing five use cases for uploading the language data into the GRASAC database. The collaborative process revealed unexpected results at the intersection of language and culture revitalization, and recommendations for applying new technologies to develop new techniques for promoting indigenous language acquisition.
On Singular Liouville Equations and Systems
Authors: Malchiodi Andrea
Published: January 2017

We consider some singular Liouville equations and systems motivated by uniformization problems in a non-smooth setting, as well as from models in mathematical physics. We will study the existence of solutions from a variational point of view, using suitable improvements of the Moser–Trudinger inequality. These reduce the problem to a topological one by studying the concentration property of conformal volume, which will be constrained by the functional inequalities of geometric flavour. We will mainly describe some common strategies from the papers [11, 12, 20] in simple situations to give an idea to the non-expert reader about the general methods we use.
The antitumor effects of mitochondria-targeted 6-(nicotinamide) methyl coumarin
Authors: Wang Huanan , Yao Ming , Xu Wenqing
Published: January 2017

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional antitumor drugs exhibit severe cytotoxic and side effects. Lung cancer needs new and more effective treatment approaches. Coumarin derivatives can act on various tumor cells and show anti-proliferative activity through various mechanisms, including mitochondrial signaling cascades that regulate development and apoptosis of cells. Mitochondria-targeted coumarin derivatives have not been reported yet. Taking advantage of the fact that cancer cells frequently have higher mitochondria membrane potential, we synthesized a mitochondria-targeted 6-(nicotinamide) methyl coumarin by coupling 6-methyl coumarin to nicotinamide. Our results demonstrate that 6-(nicotinamide) methyl coumarin preferentially kills A549 cells through inducing A549 cells apoptosis, mediated by increasing ROS level and causing mitochondrial depolarization. Strikingly, the viability of the A31 cells treated with 6-(nicotinamide) methyl coumarin did not decrease, indicating that 6-(nicotinamide) methyl coumarin preferentially accumulates in A549 cells and A549 cells are much more susceptible to 6-(nicotinamide) methyl coumarin treatment compared with A31 cells.
Bioactivities of Novel Metal Complexes Involving B Vitamins and Glycine
Authors: Fazary Ahmed E. , Ju Yi-Hsu , Rajhi Aisha Q. , Alshihri Ayed S. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Alshehri Mohammed A. , Saleh Kamel A , Elbehairi Serag Eldin I. , Fawy Khaled F. , Abd-Rabboh Hisham S. M.
Published: January 2017

In this work twelve novel mixed ligand complexes were synthesized. The complexes were formed between a metal ion (Cu(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Pb(II)) and vitamins (B 3 and B 9) as primary ligands, and glycine as secondary ligand. Melting points, conductivities, and magnetic susceptibilities of the synthesized complexes were determined and the complexes were subjected to elemental analyses. The presence of coordination water molecules in the complex was also supported by TG/DTG thermal analysis. Full elucidation of the molecular structures for the synthesized mixed ligand complexes were confirmed using detailed spectroscopic IR,1H-,13C-NMR, and XRD techniques. In addition, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the twelve synthesized solid complexes were tested to evaluate their bioactivities.
Microalgae-based unsaponifiable matter as source of natural antioxidants and metal chelators to enhance the value of wet Tetraselmis chuii biomass
Authors: Gangadhar Katkam N. , Pereira Hugo , Rodrigues Maria João , Custódio Luísa , Barreira Luísa , Malcata F. Xavier , Varela João
Published: January 2017

The present work aimed to determine the antioxidant, metal chelating and neuroprotective potential of the unsaponifiable matter (UM) of Tetraselmis chuii to be applied to a biorefinery setting. The UM obtained via saponification from crude lipids extracted from microalgal wet biomass showed a radical scavenging activity (RSA) towards the DPPH radical of 90.7±1.3% and 57.1±1.2% at a concentration of 10 and 5 mg/mL, respectively. The UM fraction also displayed metal chelating capacity at a concentration of 5 mg/mL: 58.5±1.4% and 50.9±4.0% for copper and iron, respectively. The chemical characterization of the UM revealed significant levels of total phenolics (TPC, 13.61 mg GAE/g) and carotenoids (2.45 mg/g of β-carotene, lutein and violaxanthin). Overall, the separation of the UM containing high value metabolites might significantly upgrade the total wet biomass value in a biorefinery, allowing the exploitation of a stream with relevant antioxidant and metal chelating activities.
Hydrogenolysis of glycerol over Pt/C catalyst in combination with alkali metal hydroxides
Authors: Feng Jian , Xiong Wei , Ding Hao , He Bai
Published: January 2017

The hydrogenolysis of glycerol was performed over a Pt/C catalyst in combination with several alkali metal hydroxides and their salts. LiOH was found to be an effective promoter for the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol. Hydroxyl ions are the main factor to promote the reaction process by dehydration of the glyceraldehyde intermediate. Lithium ions play a role in assisting the dehydrogenation of glycerol to glyceraldehyde, because they have the right size to coordinate with the alkoxide species. A possible surface reaction mechanism involving the participation of lithium ions was proposed to account for the results obtained in the study.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Analysis of a New Sodium Coordination Polymer
Authors: Xi-Shi Tai , Qing-Guo Meng , Li-Li Liu
Published: January 2017

A new sodium coordination polymer, [Na2(L)2(H2O)4]n(1), was synthesized by reflux reaction ofp-aminobenzene sulfonic acid,p-hydroxy benzaldehyde and NaOH in ethanol/water solution and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, IR and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The crystal of 1 belongs to monoclinic, space groupP21/cwitha= 17.765(4) Å,b=10.181(2) Å,c= 8.0450(16) Å,β= 91.67(3)°,V= 1454.5(5) Å3,Z= 4,Dc= 1.531 mg·,μ= 0.28 mm-1,F(000) = 696, and finalR1= 0.0327,ωR2= 0.0854. The molecules of 1 are extended to a 2D layer structure alongabplane. The 2D layers form 3D framework structure by the interaction of π-π stacking and hydrogen-bond interaction.
Modelling of acid-base titration curves of mineral assemblages
Authors: Stamberg Karel , Drtinová Barbora , Filipská Helena , Vopálka Dušan
Published: January 2017

The modelling of acid-base titration curves of mineral assemblages was studied with respect to basic parameters of their surface sites to be obtained. The known modelling approaches, component additivity (CA) and generalized composite (GC), and three types of different assemblages (fucoidic sandstones, sedimentary rock-clay and bentonite-magnetite samples) were used. In contrary to GC-approach, application of which was without difficulties, the problem of CA-one consisted in the credibility and accessibility of the parameters characterizing the individual mineralogical components.
The novel [Ni{(Ph2P)2N(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3-P,P´}I2] complex: Structural features and catalytic reactivity in the oligomerization of ethylene
Authors: Stamatopoulos Ioannis , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Psycharis Vassilis , Kyritsis Panayotis
Published: January 2017

The novel [Ni{(Ph2P)2N(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3-P,P´}I2] complex (1) was synthesized and investigated by a variety of spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H and 31P NMR). The molecular structure of 1, determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, was compared with those of the analogue [Ni{(Ph2P)2N(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3-P,P´}Cl2] complex (2) and the recently reported [Ni{iCPrP)2NH-P,P´}I2] complex. Complexes 1 and 2 were tested as homogeneous catalysts for the oligomerization of ethylene, leading to the formation of C4 and, to a smaller extent, C6 products, in moderate yields.
A 2-(2’-pyridyl)quinoline ruthenium(II) complex as an active catalyst for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones
Authors: Zacharopoulos Nikolaos , Koukoulakis Konstantinos , Bakeas Evangelos , Philippopoulos Athanassios I.
Published: January 2017

The ruthenium(II) complex cis-[RuCl2(PPh3)2(L1)] (1) where L1 = 2-(2’-pyridyl)quinoline was obtained in high yield from the reaction of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] with L1. The new compound was characterized by different spectroscopic methods including FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR (1H, 31P) spectroscopy along with a mass spectrometric analysis (ESI-MS) and conductivity measurements. 31P NMR spectroscopy provided evidence that the two PPh3 ligands are orientated trans to each other in an octahedral environment. Complex (1) was tested in the transfer hydrogenation of various ketones in 2-propanol at 82 oC. The catalytic activity of (1) displayed quantitative conversions for benzophenone and 4-chloroacetophenone.
Antioxidant and protease-inhibitory potential of extracts from grains of oat
Authors: Krošlák Erik , Maliar Tibor , Maliarová Mária , Nemeček Peter , Hozlár Peter , Ondrejovič Miroslav , Havrlentová Michaela , Kraic Ján
Published: January 2017

The most of important crops cultivated for production of foods and feeds could be considered as plants possessing nutraceutical or medically interesting compounds, especially if can be eaten without processing. Chemical and biological parameters that were evaluated in 100 oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes were others than those that are important in food and feed production. Contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, radical scavenging activity (DPPH), and inhibitory activities against five proteases (trypsin, thrombin, urokinase, elastase, cathepsin B) were analyzed in extracts from mature grains. The antioxidant activity (DPPH) correlated to the content of total polyphenols. Only a minority (15 from 100) of analyzed genotypes created separate subgroup with a high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and high antioxidant activity. The best in these parameters were genotypes CDC-SOL-FI, Saul, and Avesta, respectively. Fifteen other genotypes assembled another minority subgroup (also 15 from 100) on the basis of their high inhibitory activities against tested proteases. The highest trypsin-, urokinase-, and elastase-inhibitory activities were in genotype Racoon, the best in thrombin-, and cathepsin B-inhibitory activities were genotypes Expression and SW Kerstin, respectively. Three oats genotypes – Rhea, AC Percy, and Detvan appeared in both subgroups.
Co-Rh modified natural zeolites as new catalytic materials to oxidize propane and naphthalene from emission sources
Authors: Leguizamon Aparicio María Silvia , Canafoglia Maria Elena , Ocsachoque Marco Antonio , Lick Ileana Daniela , Botto Irma Lia
Published: January 2017

Natural zeolites as a raw material to prepare catalytic precursors for the oxidation reaction of linear and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons are reported in this work. The process consisted in the formation of mono- and bi-metallic species containing Co and Co-Rh on natural zeolite tuffs. The materials are analyzed by different physicochemical techniques and used as catalysts for propane and naphthalene oxidation in emissions sources. Comparatively, Rh-zeolites are the most active catalysts for propane conversion. In this case, the formation of mixed oxides seems to be conditioned by surface properties. It could also be suggested that the Rh incorporation on a non-active phase in bimetallic catalysts impacts the effectiveness of the system. In addition, the NO presence increases the activity of bimetallic materials. Rh-Co zeolite systems markedly influence the naphthalene combustion temperature. Whereas in the absence of a catalyst a conversion rate of 50% and 100% is reached at 430 °C and 485 °C, respectively. It is interesting to observe that for RhCoCli-Mor and RhCoCli catalyst the 100% conversion is reached at 250 °C.
Ammoides pusilla (Brot.) Breistr. from Algeria: Effect of harvesting place and plant part (leaves and flowers) on the essential oils chemical composition and antioxidant activity
Authors: Tefiani Choukri , Riazi Ali , Belbachir Boumediene , Lahmar Hicham , Aazza Smail , Figueiredo Ana Cristina , Miguel Maria Graça
Published: January 2017

The chemical variability and antioxidant activity of the flower and leaf essential oils (EOs) of Ammoides pusilla, collected at Algeria was evaluated. The EOs were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH, ABTS, Reducing Power and TBARS assays. Oxygen-containing monoterpenes (54-77%) dominated all but one A. pusilla leaf EOs, and in two flower EOs (53% both). Thymol dominated in practically all leaf and flowers EOs, but cumin alcohol, p-cymene and limonene attained also relatively high percentages in some EOs. A strong negative correlation (p<0.01) between IC50 values of ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl scavenging activity and the percentages of p-cymene and cumin alcohol present in EOs were observed, showing that higher levels of these monoterpenes were responsible for the best activities found. In spite of this finding, the antagonism and/or synergism between EO components must be taken into account, since the EO activity can only be considered as a whole. Moreover, given the EOs chemical variability their use as antioxidants, should be preceded by their chemical evaluation.
Chronology of construction and occupational phases of Nawamis tombs, Sinai based on OSL dating
Authors: Liritzis Ioannis , Zacharias Nikolaos , Al-Otaibi Fahad , Iliopoulos Ioannis , Katagas Christos , Shaltout Mossalam
Published: January 2017

The Nawamis are sandstone-built circular structures, located at several sites across Southern Sinai, Egypt. They are thought to be family tombs, created by the nomadic people that inhabited the area. Archaeological age estimates fall within the Early to Late Bronze Age. Here an interesting suite of nine OSL dates of three stone pieces has been resulted, from two Nawamis at Gebel Gunna and Ain Khodra fields. Single aliquot regeneration OSL of quartz grains provided the accumulated dose. XRD was used to identify mineralogy of several tombs. Based on the estimated luminescence ages a time span from Early and late Bronze ages is obtained, while some possible later activity, due to partial (re)construction or reuse of tombs, was detected.
Infrared stimulated luminescence dating of 19th century fluvial deposits from the upper Rhine River
Authors: Preusser Frank , May Jan-Hendrik , Eschbach David , Trauerstein Mareike , Schmitt Laurent
Published: January 2017

Knowledge of the age of fluvial deposits is an important aspect in the understanding of river dynamics, which is pre-requisite for sustainable river management and restoration back to more natural conditions and processes. Presented here is a case study on using feldspar Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) to date low-energy fluvial sediments that formed after correction of the Upper Rhine River in the first half of the 19th century. A rigorous testing programme is carried out to characterise the IRSL properties of the samples, including thermal transfer, dose recovery and fading. All samples reveal complex distributions of equivalent dose, implying the presence of differential bleach-ing in the samples. It is shown that multi-grain aliquots overestimate the known-age by up-to 200 years, i.e. apparent IRSL ages are twice as old as the true age of the sediment. The use of single grains results in ages that are in excellent agreement with the expected age, therefore the age overestimation in multi-grain aliquot measurements is likely explained by signal averaging effects. While the application of single grains appears mandatory for dating young low-energy fluvial deposits, the small absolute offset associated with the multi-grain approach might be acceptable when dating sediments of such type that are older than a few 1000 years.
Comparison of methods for the identification and sub-typing of O157 and non-O157 Escherichia coli serotypes and their integration into a polyphasic taxonomy approach
Authors: Prieto-Calvo M.A. , Omer M.K. , Alvseike O. , López M. , Alvarez-Ordóñez A. , Prieto M.
Published: January 2017

Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data from 12 strains ofEscherichia coli werecollected, including carbon source utilisation profiles, ribotypes, sequencing data of the 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed region (ITS) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic profiles. The objectives were to compare several identification systems forE. coliand to develop and test a polyphasic taxonomic approach using the four methodologies combined for the sub-typing of O157 and non-O157E. coli. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S–23S rRNA ITS regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced and compared with reference data available at the GenBank database using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) . Additional information comprising the utilisation of carbon sources, riboprint profiles and FT-IR spectra was also collected. The capacity of the methods for the identification and typing ofE. colito species and subspecies levels was evaluated. Data were transformed and integrated to present polyphasic hierarchical clusters and relationships. The study reports the use of an integrated scheme comprising phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic information (carbon source profile, sequencing of the 16S–23S rRNA ITS, ribotyping and FT-IR spectroscopy) for a more precise characterisation and identification ofE. coli. The results showed that identification ofE. colistrains by each individual method was limited mainly by the extension and quality of reference databases. On the contrary, the polyphasic approach, whereby heterogeneous taxonomic data were combined and weighted, improved the identification results, gave more consistency to the final clustering and provided additional information on the taxonomic structure and phenotypic behaviour of strains, as shown by the close clustering of strains with similar stress resistance patterns.
A methodological framework to determine optimum durations for the construction of soil water characteristic curves using centrifugation
Authors: Vero Sara E. , Healy Mark G. , Henry Tiernan , Creamer Rachel E. , Ibrahim Tristan G. , Forrestal Patrick J. , Richards Karl G. , Fenton Owen
Published: January 2017

During laboratory assessment of the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC), determining equilibrium at various pressures is challenging. This study establishes a methodological framework to identify appropriate experimental duration at each pressure step for the construction of SWCCs via centrifugation. Three common temporal approaches to equilibrium – 24-, 48- and 72-h – are examined, for a grassland and arable soil. The framework highlights the differences in equilibrium duration between the two soils. For both soils, the 24-h treatment significantly overestimated saturation. For the arable site, no significant difference was observed between the 48- and 72-h treatments. Hence, a 48-h treatment was sufficient to determine ‘effective equilibrium’. For the grassland site, the 48- and 72-h treatments differed significantly. This highlights that a more prolonged duration is necessary for some soils to conclusively determine that effective equilibrium has been reached. This framework can be applied to other soils to determine the optimum centrifuge durations for SWCC construction.
The costs of seasonality and expansion in Ireland’s milk production and processing
Authors: Heinschink K. , Shalloo L. , Wallace M.
Published: January 2017

Ireland’s milk production sector relies on grass-based spring-calving systems, which facilitates cost advantages in milk production but entails a high degree of supply seasonality. Among other implications, this supply seasonality involves extra costs in the processing sector including elevated plant capacities and varying levels of resource utilisation throughout the year. If both the national raw milk production increased substantially (e.g. post-milk quota) and a high degree of seasonality persisted, extra processing capacities would be required to cope with peak supplies. Alternatively, existing capacities could be used more efficiently by distributing the milk volume more evenly during the year. In this analysis, an optimisation model was applied to analyse the costs and economies arising to an average Irish milk-processing business due to changes to the monthly distribution of milk deliveries and/or the total annual milk pool. Of the situations examined, changing from a seasonal supply prior to expansion to a smoother pattern combined with an increased milk pool emerged as the most beneficial option to the processor because both the processor’s gross surplus and the marginal producer milk price increased. In practice, it may however be the case that the extra costs arising to the producer from smoothing the milk intake distribution exceed the processor’s benefit. The interlinkages between the stages of the dairy supply chain mean that nationally, the seasonality trade-offs are complex and equivocal. Moreover, the prospective financial implications of such strategies will be dependent on the evolving and uncertain nature of international dairy markets in the post-quota environment.
Developing farm-level sustainability indicators for Ireland using the Teagasc National Farm Survey
Authors: Ryan M. , Hennessy T. , Buckley C. , Dillon E.J. , Donnellan T. , Hanrahan K. , Moran B.
Published: January 2017

In the context of an expanding, export-dependent agri-food sector, indicators of sustainable development and intensification are necessary to measure, assess and verify the comparative advantage afforded by Ireland’s natural pastoral-based food production systems. Such indicators are also necessary to ensure that we produce more food with less adverse impacts on the Irish environment, climate and society. This article outlines the development of farm-level indicators that refect the multifaceted nature of sustainability, which is encompassed in economic, environmental and social indicators. The role of innovation in farm sustainability was also examined. A comparison of indicators across Irish farm systems showed that dairy farms, followed by tillage farms, tended to be the most economically and socially sustainable farm systems. In relation to greenhouse gas emissions in particular, the top-performing dairy farms, in an economic sense, also tended to be the best-performing farms from an environmental sustainability perspective. This trend was also evident in relation to the adoption of innovative practices on farm, which was found to be strongly correlated with economic performance.