bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unmet Need, Practice, Perception and Predictors of Menstrual cup Use among Medical and Paramedical Students and Staffs: A Cross-Sectional Study from Eastern India
Authors: Behera Surama Manjari , Behera Priyamadhaba , Rao E. Venkata , Patro Binod Kumar , Kanungo Srikanta
Published: December 2024

Background
Menstrual cups are a cost-effective, sustainable, and safe alternative to other menstrual products. However, they are less popular or not widely used, such as sanitary pads. The study aimed to estimate the unmet need, prevalence and associated factors of menstrual cup use.
Methods
The study was conducted in a tertiary medical college in Odisha, eastern India. All female medical and paramedical students and staff aged 18–45 years were included in the study. Women with surgical/physiological menopause and those denied consent to participate in the study were excluded. Unmet need was defined as females willing to use menstrual cups but not using them currently. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to find the factors associated with menstrual cup use. Model 1 analysed individual characteristics (age, marital status, participant's education, and knowledge related to menstrual cups). Model 2 added family factors (mother's education, type of family, and family income and in final model 3 incorporated social/environmental factors (residence and caste).
Results
Out of 538 participants, 339 intend to use the menstrual cup; however, only 15 participants use the menstrual cup currently. The unmet need was 95.58% [95% CI 92.81%-97.50%]. The prevalence of menstrual cup use is 2.79% [95% CI 1.57%-4.56%]. Women who rated their knowledge of menstrual cups as good were likelier to adopt menstrual cups as menstrual hygiene management than those with poor/average knowledge [OR 10.81 (95% CI 3.04–38.49)]. Mother’s education was significant in bivariate analysis [OR 4.17 (95% CI 1.09–15.95)]; however, it was not significant in model 3. The reasons for unmet needs were comfortable with sanitary napkins, no adequate knowledge about menstrual cups, the requirement of support during menstrual cup use, fear of insertion, lack of privacy, fear of being struck inside the vagina, and social taboos.
Conclusion
Despite the benefits, menstrual cup use remains low while unmet needs are high. A strong association exists between individuals with good knowledge of menstrual cups and their likelihood of using them. To address this, public health initiatives are necessary to enhance knowledge and provide support, promoting menstrual cups as a sustainable solution for menstrual hygiene management among women of reproductive age.
Mechanical and Microstructural Optimization of Hybrid Epoxy Composites with Renewable Bambara Nut Shells and Potato Starch Reinforcement
Authors: Nwambu Chidume N. , Okpechi Victor U. , Aribodor Ogechukwu B. , Ekwedigwe Chilee M. , Nwabunwanne Joseph T.
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for sustainable materials has driven research into bio-agricultural waste as a reinforcement for hybrid composites. This study investigates the mechanical and morphological properties of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with Bambara nutshell and potato starch particles. Composite samples were produced with varying reinforcement loadings (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, and 30 wt%) and tested according to ASTM standards. Results show that tensile and flexural strengths increased significantly with reinforcement up to 25 wt%, achieving maximum values of 62.38 MPa and 84.21 MPa, respectively, due to optimal filler-matrix interaction. Beyond 25 wt%, strength properties declined because of poor wettability and filler agglomeration. Impact strength peaked at 5 wt% reinforcement with a value of 0.372 J/mm, but decreased at higher loadings due to increased brittleness. Microstructural analysis revealed that the improved performance at 25 wt% was attributed to better dispersion, fewer voids, and strong filler-matrix adhesion. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing agricultural waste to produce eco-friendly hybrid composites, contributing to sustainable materials development, reducing reliance on synthetic alternatives, and offering significant advantages for industrial and residential applications where lightweight materials with superior impact and tensile properties are required.
Altermagnetism and Strain Induced Altermagnetic Transition in Cairo Pentagonal Monolayer
Authors: Li Shuyi , Zhang Yu , Bahri Adrian , Zhang Xiaoliang , Jia Chunjing
Published: December 2024

Altermagnetism, a recently discovered class of magnetic order characterized by vanishing net magnetization and spin-splitting band structures, has garnered significant research attention. In this work, we introduce a novel two-dimensional system that exhibits g-wave altermagnetism and undergoes a strain-induced transition from g-wave to d-wave altermagnetism. This system can be realized in an unconventional monolayer Cairo pentagonal lattice, for which we present a realistic tight-binding model that incorporates both magnetic and non-magnetic sites. Furthermore, we demonstrate that non-trivial band topology can emerge in this system by breaking the symmetry that protects the spin-polarized nodal points. Finally, ab initio calculations on several candidate materials, such as FeS2 and Nb2FeB2, which exhibit symmetry consistent with the proposed tight-binding Hamiltonian, are also presented. These findings open new avenues for exploring spintronic devices based on altermagnetic systems.
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage, body mass index, plasma amino acids, and fecal calprotectin in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kairiene Igne , Vaisnore Ramune , Kaminskas Andrius , Petrenas Tomas , Songailiene Jurgita , Eidukaite Audrone , Gorbikova Evelina , Rascon Jelena
Published: December 2024

Intestinal damage (ID) leads to bacterial translocation and bloodstream infections – the common cause of non-relapse mortality in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study evaluated ID over ALL induction and the significance of body mass index (BMI) for its development and identify biomarkers reflecting chemotherapy-induced ID. The composite biomarker panel included 37 plasma amino acids, urea, ammonia, fecal calprotectin (fCLP), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), C-reactive protein, and albumin. We prospectively assessed 45 children treated according to ALLTogether protocol in 2020–2024. Analysis and sample collection were performed on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 of the protocol. The obtained values were compared between the ID and non-ID groups. Forty percent of patients (18/45) had grade I–III ID which was more pronounced on day 22 of induction when the ANC increased from its lowest point. A higher BMI at a diagnosis was a significant prognostic factor for ID (odds ratio, 1.379, p = 0.048). The most significant negative predictors were citrulline (− 0.022), albumin (− 0.014), and glutamine (−<0.001). No difference in ANC and fCLP was found between patients with and without ID. In conclusion, the assessment of nutritional status and prospective evaluation of biomarkers may provide valuable information on treatment-related ID.
Bridging Communities: Educational Leaders’ Strategies for Parental Engagement in Multicultural and Digital Contexts
Authors: Grech Josephine Ebejer
Published: December 2024

This study explores the perceptions and practices of educational leaders in engaging parents and the community, drawing insights from interviews with Heads of Schools across primary, middle, secondary, and post-secondary levels in Malta. Using Braun and Clarke analysis method, the research identifies key themes including involvement, engagement, multiculturalism, and the use of technology. Findings reveal that while the ten educational leaders interviewed actively implement strategies such as open days, talks, and digital communication tools, challenges such as limited parent availability and resistance to change persist. The study highlights significant variations in engagement approaches across educational stages and underscores the need for adaptive strategies to address cultural and technological disparities. This paper concludes that fostering effective parental and community involvement is critical for enhancing student outcomes. Recommendations for future research include expanding the study to incorporate perspectives from parents and students and exploring the longitudinal impact of technological tools on engagement.
Assessment of Tear Film and Meibomian Glands before and after Cataract Surgery by the Ocular Surface Analyzer
Authors: El-Morsy Osama Abd Allah , Ramadan Hasnaa Hosam Eldin , Fayed Ahmed Shebl
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the tear film and meibomian gland function before and after cataract surgery using the Lacrydiag ocular surface analyzer.
Methods
This was an observational prospective study including 34 eyes that underwant phacoemulsification at the Ophthalmology Department of Menoufia University Hospital from October 2023 to January 2024. The patients were evaluated pre-operatively as well as 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Dry eye symptoms were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Traditional tear break up time (TBUT) was performed as well as Schirmer I test. The Lacrydiag Ocular Surface Analyzer was used for assessment of the tear film and meibomian glands.
Results
Ocular surface analyzer evaluations revealed statistically significant changes at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery in comparison to the values before surgery. Significant reductions were observed in non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) & tear meniscus height, as well as in Schirmer's test without anesthesia, and fluorescein break-up time at each postoperative interval. Some improvements were observed at 1 month & 3 months, however, measurements did not return to the initial pre-operative levels. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores significantly increased after 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-surgery compared to preoperative levels. The proportion of meibomian gland loss region did not significantly increase after surgery (no structural alterations noted). These findings
Conclusion
The study highlights significant alterations in the health of the ocular surface and the stability of the tear film after cataract surgery, indicating that cataract surgery impacts both the amount and quality of tears.
Gender segregation in the labour market of Central Asian countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan
Authors: Mubarakov Yeldar , Bordiyanu Ilona , Seriktayeva Ayazhan
Published: December 2024

Central Asian countries face serious socio-economic problems related to gender segregation in the labour market. This study examines the extent and scope of gender segregation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan between 2014 and 2023, which includes significant changes caused by economic development, political reforms and the global crisis. The study used data from each country’s national statistical agencies, which examined gender differences in employment levels, sectoral distribution and access to decision-making positions. The persistence of gender inequality in the labour market can be identified through comparative analysis, which examines trends and identifies factors that contribute to it. The study shows that two ideas are true by using the Gini Index, Duncan Index, Glass Ceiling Index, and analyzing data over time. Despite some progress, women still face limitations in certain occupational areas and at higher levels, as the results show. The analysis shows that gender segregation and its characteristics in each of the three countries are influenced by socioeconomic and cultural factors. The final result of the study is a set of recommendations to reduce gender imbalance and achieve an equitable distribution of opportunities for both genders, which can ultimately contribute to the sustainable development and economic efficiency of the region.
JEL Classification J16, J21, J31
Network Intrusion Detection based on Feature Fusion of Attack Dimension
Authors: Sun Xiaolong , Gu Zhengyao , Zhang Hao , Gu Jason , Liu Yanhua , Dong Chen , Ye Junwei
Published: December 2024

Network traffic anomaly detection involves the rapid identification of intrusions within a network through the detection, analysis, and classification of network traffic data.The variety of cyber attacks encompasses diverse attack principles. Employing an indiscriminate feature selection strategy may lead to the neglect of key features highly correlated with specific attack types. This oversight could diminish the recognition rate for that category, thereby impacting the overall performance of the detection model.To address this issue, this paper proposes a network traffic anomaly detection model based on the fusion of attack-dimensional features. Firstly, construct binary classification datasets independently for each attack class and perform individual feature selection to extract positively correlated features for each class. The features are then fused by employing a combination methods. Subsequently, based on the fused sub-datasets, base classifiers are trained. Finally, an ensemble learning approach is introduced to integrate the predictions of individual classifiers, enhancing the robustness of the model.The proposed approach, validated on NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 benchmark datasets, outperforms the latest methods in the field by achieving a \(2%\) and \(7%\) increase in precision on weighted averages.
Textual-Visual Interaction for Enhanced Single Image Deraining using Adapter-Tuned VLMs
Authors: Yang Qianfeng , Li Pengpeng , Jin Jiyu , Jin Guiyu , Song Tianyu , Fan Shumin , Hou Hao
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a novel method called Textual-Visual Interaction for Enhanced Single Image Deraining using Adapter-Tuned VLMs (TVI-Derain). By leveraging the extensive textual knowledge from pretrained visual-language models (VLMs), we aim to improve the performance of single image deraining. To address the gap between VLMs and the restoration model, we introduce textual-aware intra-layer (TaIl) adapters that adapt the features of downstream data by capturing task-specific knowledge. Furthermore, a textual-visual feature interaction (TVI) module is designed to bridge the gap between textual and visual features, enabling reliable interaction. The proposed cross-attention feature interaction (CAFI) block within the TVI module effectively represents the interactive features. Semantic and degradation textual prompts are integrated as inputs to the text encoder to mitigate semantic disconnection arising from degraded samples. Extensive experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms other competitive methods in terms of performance, showcasing its potential applications in automotive vision systems and surveillance and
surveillance. The code will be released at github.com/ncfjd/TVI-Derain.
Development of a corneal haze model post-surface refractive surgery and evaluation of a tetrandrine-based nanoparticulate therapy
Authors: WU XIAO LI , Li Tao , Zhang Yu , Du Yangrui , Fang Qilin , Du Zhiyu
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Haze refers to the opaque turbidity that forms at the interface between the corneal epithelium and stroma within the ablation area following corneal surface refractive surgery. While corticosteroids are conventionally used to control haze, their prolonged use increases the likelihood of complications such as ocular hypertension and cataracts. his study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a tetrandrine (Tet)-loaded mesoporous titanium dioxide nanomedicine (Tet@TiO2) in inhibiting the inflammatory response associated with haze formation, leveraging its sustained release and biocompatibility properties.
Methods
Tet@TiO2 was synthesized using nanotechnology, and its physicochemical properties and biosafety were evaluated. In vitro experiments involved the co-incubation of Tet@TiO2 with inflammatory corneal stromal fibroblasts (HCSFs) to assess the expression of inflammatory markers (α-SMA, CTGF, and type III collagen fiber). In vivo experiments used a New Zealand white rabbit model of corneal haze induced by transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK).
Results
Tet@TiO2 effectively inhibited the expressions of inflammatory markers both in vitro and in vivo. In the rabbit model, Tet@TiO2 significantly reduced haze formation and achieved better outcomes than traditional drug treatments. The nanomedicine demonstrated good biosafety and superior efficacy compared to corticosteroids without associated risks such as ocular hypertension.
Conclusion
Tet@TiO2 is a safe and effective novel nanomedicine capable of inhibiting haze formation after corneal surface refractive surgery. It offers a promising alternative to corticosteroids for managing post-operative inflammatory responses.
3D printing of intrauterine device loaded with silver sulfadiazine to the treatment of fungal diseases
Authors: Ferrari Gustavo , Silva Loise Silveira da , Batistella Tauana , Mannes Sophia , Silveira João Pedro Vaz , Piva Caio Prange , Kanis Luiz Alberto , Salmoria Gean vitor
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The main goal of the present study is to develop and manufacture drug delivery devices for fungal treatment concerning women's health attention.
Methods: Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane TPU were manufactured by hot melt extrusion (HME) and fused-deposition modeling (FDM™). Drug loaded prototypes were manufactured combining EVA and TPU matrices with silver sulfadiazine (AgSD).
Results: EVA and TPU were loaded with 10 and 20% theoretical drug load resulting in desired intrauterine device geometries. The devices' physicochemical, mechanical properties and in-vitro drug release were characterized. Drug release presented a burst release due to surface agglomerates of AgSD and controlled release after this initial behavior.
Conclusion: The HME were successfully used to produce polymeric filaments and to incorporate the drug into the polymeric matrix. The EVA and TPU devices were released for 30 days, showing promising results for the local delivery systems.
Assessment of physiological responses, yield, and latex-related traits in promising Hevea brasiliensis genotypes as a breeding strategy to enhance germplasm selection under various environmental conditions in the Amazon region
Authors: Sterling Armando , Agudelo-Sánchez Ariel A. , Muñoz-Ramirez Herminton , Rodríguez-León Carlos H.
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to assess changes in physiological responses, early rubber yield and latex biochemical quality in nine promising rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) genotypes and the cultivar IAN 873 (control) during first year tapping in large-scale clonal trials under seasonal water deficits in two climatic zones in the Colombian Amazon. Our results showed that, with a larger water deficit (i.e., dry season and semi-humid warm locality), all genotypes had a lower photosynthetic rate, lower extrinsic water use efficiency, and lower leaf water potential. On the contrary, a higher yield and a greater metabolic activity related to latex production were evidenced in the semi-humid warm locality than in the humid warm locality. Thus, the highest yield values ​​and traits related to latex quality were observed in the rainy season and in the semi-humid warm locality, where the FX 3899 P1 and FDR 4575 genotypes had a significantly higher productive yield, an intermediate DRC, a higher sucrose consumption, a more active metabolism and a greater capacity to prevent stress with an increase in the content of thiols in the latex. Greater physiological and productive adaptability, with and without the water deficit, were observed in the genotypes FX 3899 P1, FDR 4575 and GU 198 in both climatic zones. This better adapted germplasm to water limitations has a high selection potential for H. brasiliensis breeding programs in the northwestern Colombian Amazon
Congestion management with reservation service in a home-subway station commuting scenario
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xu Meng
Published: December 2024

Subway provides a sustainable way to meet the increasing commuting demand. This study proposes using reservation service for congestion management in a home-subway station commuting scenario, with reserved channels set for the implementation of reservation service. Passengers who opt for the reservation service need to reserve online in advance. The reservation service from home to the subway station is expected to reduce passengers’ travel costs, and the reservation service at the station entrance is expected to reduce passengers’ queuing costs. A bottleneck model is proposed to approach the congestion management problem in the given home-subway station commuting scenario. Impact analyses are presented with the settings of reserved and unreserved channels to operate independently or be shared by reserved and unreserved passengers when there is a capacity surplus. The influence of travel time uncertainty from home to the station on the commuting system is further discussed. Results indicate that the travel time uncertainty influences passengers’ departure time, queuing time, and travel service choice. Passengers with a farther distance from home to the station prefer reservation service to realize reliable travel. From reduced total system cost and reduced queuing cost perspectives, a shared channel usage setting at the station entrance when there is a capacity surplus is more efficient. Conditions for implementing reservation services to reduce the total system cost are identified.
Fuzzy Cooperative Game Model for Renewable Energy Advancement: A Case Study of Offshore Wind Farms
Authors: Menon Sreelekha
Published: December 2024

Renewable Energy or Green Energy are the energy spawned from naturalistic resources such as sunshine, water, waste and tornado. Renewable energy is in abundance around us. Exploitation of Green Energy is a universal concernment due to its reign to alleviate the environment and diminish the dependence on conservative energy. Collaborated approaches, where various stakeholders involve, can help surmount these hedges and escalate the acceptance of renewable energy. In such situations, fuzzy cooperative game theory can be used to model and analyse the sophisticated environment. Consider a scenario where several countries are considering investing in renewable energy projects. The potential benefits and costs of these projects are uncertain due to factors such as technological advancements, market fluctuations, and policy changes. Kerala, a state in southern India, has significant potential for renewable energy production due to its abundant solar and wind resources. However, the state government is struggling to integrate renewable energy into the existing power grid and ensure equitable distribution of benefits among stakeholders. Using a fuzzy cooperative game model, we can analyse the formation of coalitions among stakeholders to jointly invest in renewable energy projects and share the benefits and costs.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease among Tuberculosis Patients at Penang General Hospital, Malaysia
Authors: Ram Bheesham , Khan Amer Hayat , Harun Sabariah Noor , Ali Irfhan Ali Hyder , AL-Rawi Mahmood Basil , Khan Irfanullah
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
The worldwide burden of tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is extensive in developing countries. There is a contributive relationship between tuberculosis infection and CVD disease. Monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and cytokines involved in cellular-mediated immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also the main operators of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular arteries.
Methodology:
This study was conducted at Penang General Hospital, Malaysia from January 2023 to August 2023. Data was collected from January 2015 to December 2022. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CVD among TB patients by different validation tools. A retrospective and descriptive research design was employed, focusing on TB patients without pre-existing CVD. This study involved a convenient sampling of 402 TB patient files.
Results
The present Study findings revealed a significant prevalence of CVD among TB patients, with 10.2% developing cardiovascular complications. Clinical parameters, including troponin-t high-sensitivity protein, c-reactive protein, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and cardiac enzymes, were employed to detect CVD development secondary to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection. The positive result of the above clinical parameters was considered confirmation of the development of cardiovascular disease.
Conclusions
The findings contribute to understanding the potential relationship of Tuberculosis infection with the development of cardiovascular disease, exploring the risk factors that lead to CVD, and paving the way for targeted interventions to enhance the holistic care of TB patients.
Factors Influencing Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Patients at SGTH, Swat
Authors: khan Ameer Afzal , Syed Rahman , Khan Sangeen , Ali Mohsin , rahman Aftabur , Inamullah Sayed , Idrees Mohammad , zeb Hassan , Khan Anfal
Published: December 2024

Objective To identify the factors influencing non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (AHMs) among patients at SGTH, Swat.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on hypertensive patients at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals (SGTH), Swat, from October 10 to November 4, 2024. Data was collected by in-person interviews using a standardized questionnaire that included the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) to determine adherence. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, and the factors influencing non-adherence were identified by logistic regression.Results A total of 228 patients participated in the study, with 117 (51.3%) female and 111 (48.7%) male participants, and a mean age of 55.35 ± 13.65 years. The study found a high prevalence of non-adherence to AHMs, with 166 patients (72.8%) classified as non-adherent. Logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with non-adherence, including low education levels, low to medium income, high cholesterol, depression, duration of hypertension, the complexity of medication regimens, side effects, and recent hospitalization.Conclusion In conclusion, this study highlights a significant issue of non-adherence to AHMs among patients at SGTH, Swat. Contributing factors include low education, limited income, comorbidities, complex regimens, side effects, and recent hospitalization. Addressing these factors can help healthcare providers improve medication adherence and enhance patient outcomes.
Nutrient Competitive Effects in Chrysanthemum Amended with Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum
Authors: Lindquist Austin , Kent Kati , Pickens Jeremy , Bartley Paul , Watts Dexter B. , Torbert H. Allen
Published: December 2024

Gypsum use in agriculture has a longstanding history, yet there remains a critical need for research to understand better its impact on plant development and plant nutrient availability. This study evaluated the impact of flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) amendments on the physical and chemical properties of pine bark substrates and the growth and nutrient uptake of chrysanthemum ‘Wanda Red’. Pine bark was incorporated with controlled-release fertilizer, micronutrient fertilizer, dolomitic limestone, and varying FGDG rates (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% v:v). Plant growth metrics, including dry weight, canopy volume, and foliar nutrient concentrations, were recorded at bud initiation and peak bloom. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum amendments did not significantly affect plant dry weight at bud initiation, although plants without FGDG had greater canopy volumes. By peak bloom, plants without FGDG exhibited greater dry weights, but no difference in growth indices was observed (P = 0.8648). Although the 0% gypsum plants recorded a larger size at bud initiation, there were no differences by full bloom. Foliar nutrient analyses revealed that FGDG amendments influenced nutrient uptake, with notable reductions in nitrogen (P = 0.0035) and potassium (P < 0.0001) at bud initiation but no significant differences at peak bloom. Conversely, phosphorus and calcium concentrations increased with FGDG amendments, suggesting improved retention and availability. Overall, although FGDG amendments led to reduced uptake of some nutrients and minor delays in bloom, all treatments produced marketable chrysanthemums, indicating that FGDG can be integrated into production practices without compromising plant quality. Further studies are recommended to explore lower gypsum rates and their interactions with nutrient retention and crop demand.
Illuminating Long-lived Cycas Cotyledons Reduces Sink Demands on Megagametophytes during Initial Seedling Growth
Authors: Marler Thomas E.
Published: December 2024

Cycas megagametophyte resources are translocated to developing seedlings through the persistent green cotyledons. The source activities of cotyledons and megagametophytes following germination are not adequately understood. The decline in megagametophyte weight during seedling development was quantified until ultimate tissue desiccation for two Cycas species. In addition, the influence of illuminating the green cotyledons during germination and initial radicle growth on megagametophyte, root, and cotyledon dry weight (DW) was determined to evaluate the role of cotyledon photosynthesis on growth and megagametophyte source activity. Cycas micronesica megagametophytes declined 64% in DW during initial growth of the radicle and maturation of the first true leaf. The rate of DW decline slowed after this stage but continued for ≈18 months when the seedlings were supported by six leaves. Cycas edentata megagametophytes exhibited similar patterns with a 72% decline in DW when the first true leaf reached full expansion, and the resources were depleted by ≈14 months when the seedlings had five leaves. Illuminating cotyledons during initial seedling growth reduced the rate of megagametophyte DW decline by up to 20% and increased total seedling DW above that of dark-grown seedlings by up to 21%. The results provide direct evidence for the long-term source activity of the Cycas megagametophyte and provide indirect evidence that photosynthetic contributions of illuminated cotyledons reduce the reliance on gametophytes as a source of resources for initial Cycas seedling growth. Improved design of Cycas nursery germination microenvironments may be enabled by this new knowledge.
Comparative Performance of Biorational and Chemical Products for the Management of Bacterial Blight on Lilac
Authors: Oksel Cansu , Jennings Christina , Liyanapathirenage Prabha , Parajuli Madhav , Hikkaduwa Epa Liyanage Kumuditha D. , Simmons Terri , Baysal-Gurel Fulya
Published: December 2024

Bacterial blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is a common disease of lilac (Syringa reticulata L.). This bacterium spreads plant to plant via insect vectors, wind, rain, and contaminated tools; hence, managing this disease is challenging. This study reports the efficacy of biological and chemical products for managing bacterial blight on lilac ‘Ivory Silk’. All plants except the noninoculated, nontreated control plants were spray inoculated with P. syringae pv. syringae strain FBG0464 (108 cfu·mL−1). Pydiflumetofen 6.9% + difenoconazole 11.5% (Postiva), thyme oil [Proud 3 (5.56%) and Tril-21 (15.5%) (preventive application)] and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F272 (Stargus) were applied preventively 3 days before bacterial inoculation. Copper octanoate (Camelot O) (curative application) treatment was applied on the same day as the bacterial inoculation. Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (KleenGrow) and thyme oil [Tril-21 (15.5%) (curative application)] were applied 7 days after inoculation. The plants were assessed weekly for bacterial blight, defoliation, and phytotoxicity. The experiments were conducted in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The final mean disease severity on inoculated, nontreated plants was 22.0%, 63.8%, and 64.0% in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. All treatments significantly reduced bacterial blight compared with the inoculated, nontreated control. In 2021, plants treated with pydiflumetofen 6.9% + difenoconazole 11.5%, B. amyloliquefaciens F272 and thyme oil [Proud 3 (5.56%) and Tril-21 (15.5% as curative application)] had significantly lower bacterial blight severity compared with the rest of the treatments. In 2022, there were no significant differences in disease severity among the treatments. In 2023, plants treated with copper octanoate had the lowest disease severity. There was no phytotoxicity or defoliation in any of the treated plants. These findings can aid in developing suitable solutions for controlling bacterial blight caused by P. syringae pv. syringae on lilac.
Plant-aided Desalination System: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ohyama Katsumi , Niki Kaori , Awai Erdoo P.
Published: December 2024

Although 70% of the Earth’s surface area is covered with water, 97% of this water is unusable because of salinity. Challenges with existing freshwater scarcity can be mitigated by investigating methods to convert saltwater into freshwater. We developed a lettuce plant-aided solar desalination system based on the basin method to harvest fresh water. The system comprises a lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plant community, white light-emitting diodes for simulating sunlight, a thermally insulated box equipped with a cooling system, and a CO2 gas cylinder. This system can harvest freshwater with low electric conductivity using artificial seawater with less than 20% of the specified concentration. Compared with conventional solar desalination systems based on the basin method, the proposed desalination system can harvest greater amounts of freshwater. The amount of harvested freshwater increases by decreasing the CO2 concentration because of photosynthesis in the lettuce plant community. The results suggest that lowering the CO2 concentration can increase the amount of harvested freshwater, which is the main objective of the desalination system. Further, the results suggest that the CO2 concentration should be maintained at around atmospheric standard levels (approximately 500 µmol·mol−1) if both the freshwater and plants are to be harvested.
The Problem of Hybridity
Authors: Speculative Space
Published: December 2024

Speculative Design offers a methodological toolbox with which to explore, and potentially legitimize, alternative models and modes of knowledge through world-building not based on, or not yet based on, socially normalised ‘truths’. However, a problematic dichotomy remains: whilst a neutral, transparent and universal truth may be a fantasy construct, the disturbance of such a construct through individual embodiments is no simple alternative. It requires a careful observation of the modes and assumptions, the premises and processes of different knowledge-generating practices within the confines of academia and beyond. In short, it requires actual (not simply professed) inter- and trans-disciplinarity; in other words: actual working together. So: How do we work together?
Drawing from a range of different disciplines and hybrid forms of research, including artistic research, design, philosophy, and various types of embodied practice, the team members of Spec Space, the Laboratory for Speculative Design Research at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW), attempted to perform this inter- and trans-disciplinarity on the stage of the Performance Philosophy conference in Helsinki. They  demonstrate different ways of knowing, approaching and triangulating the question of what can emerge, once the traditional domains of academia and science (“Wissenschaft”), are no longer regarded as exclusive sites for knowledge production.
performancephilosophy
Authors: Wilkins Caroline
Published: December 2024

A deliberate formation of the first part of my title, with no upper-case letters and no space between the words, indicates a desire to bring the two terms closer together, but without any further amalgamation. They are still recognisable in their original meaning and allowed to flow into each other’s terrain. In this light, I examine performancephilosophy within the context of a third P (Problems), one that served as the focus of the Helsinki conference in 2022. My analysis deals with how key problems were addressed throughout the program in terms of their format and content. Reference will be made to other Performance Philosophy Biennales and Interim events that reflected similar concerns and offered innovative solutions. During the course of this ReView I shall also refer to Roland Barthes’ use of the term “idiorrhythm” in order to give a theoretical slant to my perspectives and to support proposals for the possible implementation of solutions to these problems in the future.
Assessing user preferences and competitive strategies of Gojek and Grab in ASEAN’s ride-hailing market
Authors: Kurniawan Pandu , Achjari Didi
Published: December 2024

Along with the development of current economic patterns, digital platforms provide infrastructure to facilitate interaction between users. One example is a ride-hailing platform that allows interaction between users who may never have met. This study aims to determine the criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives influencing users in choosing ride-hailing and map Gojek and Grab’s grand strategy to compete in the ASEAN market, especially in Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Singapore. This research uses a questionnaire to collect data, with 377 Gojek and Grab users as participants. The main criteria in each country were obtained using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with the Expert Choice tool. Safety, price, and usability were the main criteria for choosing a ride-hailing platform in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. In contrast, in Singapore, privacy emerged as the main criterion when choosing these platforms, in addition to safety. To increase competition in ASEAN, Gojek and Grab should improve customer relationship criteria, as these criteria can add value to the company. This research also shows that Grab dominates the ride-hailing market in Thailand, Vietnam, and Singapore because it implemented a horizontal strategy by acquiring Uber. Gojek only excels in its home country, Indonesia, by acquiring and innovating in integrating with the commuter line and launching an Initial Public Offering (IPO). This research found that there is still a need to improve vertical and horizontal strategies and outsourcing to compete effectively in the global market.
The impact of drug eluting stents on the co-release of interleukin-6 in patients with stable angina
Authors: Albadri Zeyad , Almousali Reem , Abdulla Souhila
Published: December 2024

Background: Drug-eluting stents represent an important revolution in the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, the mechanical trauma of stent deployment can trigger vascular injury and inflammatory cytokine cascades, potentially precipitating in-stent restenosis. The release of cytokines is not firmly established in patients with stable angina.
Aims: To evaluate the acute effect of drug-eluting stents on the acute inflammatory response in patients with stable angina by quantifying interleukin-6 levels.
Methods and materials: A single-centre exploratory study was conducted on 13 patients with stable angina undergoing elective angioplasty. Arterial blood samples were collected before angioplasty and directly after angioplasty. Additionally, venous blood samples were collected 24 hours post-angioplasty. Concentrations of interleukin-6 were analysed to assess changes in the acute inflammatory response.
Results: IL-6 concentration significantly increased immediately after stent placement (5.95 ± 0.49 pg/ml, p = <0.05) and 24 hours post-stent placement (8.96 ± 1.16 pg/ml, p= <0.01). Gender-based analysis indicated significant increases in IL-6 levels in males post-stent placement (5.94 ± 0.08 pg/ml, p= < 0.05) and 24 hours post-stent placement (7.27 ± 0.56 pg/ml, p= < 0.01). Statin medication significantly reduced IL-6 expression in patients at baseline (3.27 ± 0.71 pg/ml versus 5.44 ± 0.18 pg/ml, p= < 0.05), but this distinction diminished rapidly after stent insertion, resulting in comparable IL-6 levels at 24 hours post-stent insertion in both groups.
Conclusion: Interleukin-6 levels markedly increased immediately after coronary stenting, suggesting its role as an early initiator of the inflammatory response to coronary stenting. While limited by sample size, it lays the groundwork for larger, more comprehensive research to optimize drug-eluting stents outcomes and inflammatory management.
Dual circumflex artery from left main coronary artery: a rare coronary artery anomaly
Authors: Elgayar Mohamed , Ahmed Asmaa , Abdelfattah Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Coronary artery anomalies are uncommon in the general population. The most frequently reported anomaly involving the circumflex artery is its origin from the right aortic sinus or the right coronary artery. However dual circumflex artery is an extremely rare anomaly. We report a case of a 79-year-old male patient who was admitted to our centre with a diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis, scheduled for transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Computed tomography angiography revealed dual circumflex arteries: one originating normally from usual bifurcation of the left main coronary artery and an accessory one arising separately from the left main coronary artery stem proximal to the bifurcation.
Iatrogenic ventricular septal defect after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a rare complication
Authors: Sabri Muhammad Salman , Al Hennawi Hussam , Qadir Shayan , Checchio Lucy , Janga Chaitra , Muhammadzai Hamza , Haas Donald
Published: December 2024

Iatrogenic ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a rare complication following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). An 83-year-old male underwent TAVI for severe aortic stenosis (AS) and was diagnosed with a peri-membranous VSD on echocardiography, which was not evident on pre-procedural imaging. This case highlights the risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of iatrogenic VSD following TAVI.
(In)Coherence of the EU External Policy Impact on Business and Human Rights Developments in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Authors: Uvarova Olena
Published: December 2024

The lack of coherence in the impact of the EU's external policy on business and human rights (hereinafter – BHR) development is particularly evident in its relations with post-Soviet countries. This issue has become even more relevant following the European Council’s decision to grant Ukraine and Moldova candidate country status in June 2022. Despite the geopolitical significance of this decision, human rights issues in the document are addressed solely in the context of government institutional reforms, while the Green agenda is focused on energy and the green transition, neglecting human rights and the role of business in these processes. The aim of this article is to examine the role of the EU’s external policy in the development of BHR in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, as well as to determine how this policy influences the balance between economic development and the promotion of responsible business conduct in the region.

The study employs qualitative analysis methods, including an examination of EU documents, policy decisions, and strategies aimed at regulating business conduct and protecting human rights in post-Soviet countries. Additionally, comparative analysis methods were applied to identify the influence of key EU external policy factors on the BHR landscape in the region. The research revealed that the EU policy demonstrates an imbalance between promoting a market economy and encouraging responsible business practices. The absence of clear principles to ensure a balance between economic and social objectives has led to situations where human rights and environmental issues are marginalized, and the role of business in respecting these rights is inadequately considered. Further research could focus on analyzing specific cases of the EU's external policy impact on BHR in each country in the region and on developing recommendations for the EU to enhance its approaches to ensure greater alignment between economic interests and human rights protection.
“fazer musical” e o “fazer etnográfico”
Authors: De Freitas Marcus
Published: December 2024

A partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada com musicistas na cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, durante a pandemia da Covid-19, este artigo busca traçar um paralelo entre o “fazer musical” e o “fazer etnográfico”. Com o intuito de ampliar o debate acerca da presença em campo na pesquisa antropológica, o trabalho apresenta como a categoria “evento de campo” possibilitou a investigação etnográfica em um momento em que a prudência estava associada ao distanciamento social. Assim, ao reunir pesquisador, interlocutores de pesquisa e tecnologias digitais em um “fazer antropológico” específico às condições espaçotemporais da pandemia, tal categoria deslocou a noção do que é “estar em campo” — de um lugar para uma relação.
Etnografia online e a memória viva do candomblé nas redes sociais
Authors: Gosselin Anne-Sophie
Published: December 2024

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o uso das redes sociais como espaço de memória de uma casa de candomblé da cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. O estudo do perfil da casa no Instagram com seu material fotográfico nos leva a analisar o papel da tecnologia digital na produção de uma narrativa que combina estrategicamente uma vontade de trabalhar a visibilidade da casa e de se apropriar de um passado tumultuado pelo assassinato da fundadora. As imagens, criteriosamente selecionadas e postadas, representando o passado e o presente, reforçam os laços de uma comunidade que além de ser religiosa se constrói como uma “comunidade emocional”. Examinando a externalização dessa memória viva reinventada por meio da tecnologia digital, analisamos também como a necessidade de desenvolver uma metodologia de etnografia online pode emergir do próprio campo e revelar os jogos de reflexividade numa equipe de pesquisa composta por pesquisadores e colaboradores afiliados ao terreiro.
Desenhos no Metro/RER de Paris
Authors: Rahim Shakil
Published: December 2024

Nos túneis do metro cruzam-se pessoas do mundo inteiro, onde se apresentam pela diversidade de rostos, corpos, idades, vestes, cores, poses e posições, numa alargada sociologia visual. Nos limites do espaço proxémico, há pessoas ao telemóvel, no tablet, a ler, a carregar malas, a segurar bebés, protegidos por auscultadores ou perdidos em olhares distantes. Multidão anónima que segue o movimento urbano na urgência da distância e do tempo, como fluxos ou fantasmas. O projeto de desenho De Lignes en Ligne, com início em 2009, desencadeado por  Nicolas Barberon e influenciado por Annaïg Plassard, tem por objetivo desenhar o quotidiano do metro de Paris e do RER. Desde então, um coletivo de desenhadores de diferentes origens, partilha online os desenhos realizados nas diferentes linhas e estações. O interesse de desenhar no metro promove essa captura da forma e do espirito de uma época, que nos lembra o ensaio “Le Peintre de la Vie Moderne" de Baudelaire, para quem o artista é um observador atento e crítico, que interpreta e retrata a acelerada transformação da experiência urbana moderna.