bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Mapping of the Distribution of Groundwater Recharge Areas Using the Scoring Method (Case Study: Singgahan and Montong District, Tuban).
Authors: Purwanto Singgih , Susilo Adi , Naba Agus , Syaeful Bahri Ayi , Rachma Chafidha , Bhekti Pribadi Cherie , Navisa Siti
Published: December 2024

Tuban Regency, located in the northern part of East Java, borders the Java Sea to the north and is intersected by several rivers. The presence of numerous rivers and limestone or karst hills in regions like Singgahan and Montong Districts suggests significant potential for these areas to function as groundwater recharge zones. A groundwater recharge area is characterized by the vertical movement of groundwater, driven by the flow of water along the gradient of aquifers. Identifying and preserving these recharge zones in Singgahan and Montong is crucial to maintaining the groundwater supply, ensuring its availability in sufficient quantity and quality to meet the ongoing needs of ecosystems and human consumption. This study utilizes a scoring method to identify potential recharge areas, incorporating parameters such as land cover, soil type, rainfall, and slope inclination. In this method, each parameter is assigned a specific weight: slope inclination (20%), soil type (35%), rainfall (15%), and land cover (30%). The analysis revealed that the land cover in these districts primarily consists of plantations, with 6,840.63 hectares in August and 6,761.88 hectares in October. The slope inclination in Singgahan District is predominantly flat, covering 8,417.68 hectares. Both Singgahan and Montong Districts experience low rainfall, with 57% of the total area, equivalent to 12,670.89 hectares, falling into this category. The most prevalent soil type is Cambisol, which constitutes 33% of the area, or 7,463.46 hectares. Using the scoring method, it was determined that in August, Singgahan and Montong Districts possess high potential for recharge areas, with high-level recharge zones covering 1,314.70 hectares and medium-level recharge zones spanning 18,498.78 hectares. By October, the extent of high-level recharge zones had increased to 3,499.20 hectares, while medium-level recharge zones covered 16,942.45 hectares. These findings underscore the importance of managing these recharge areas to sustain groundwater resources effectively.
Lithology Prediction Using K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Algorithm Study Case In Upper Cibulakan Formation
Authors: Komara Eki , Faiz Nugraha Muhammad , Rafi Muhammad , Lestari Wien
Published: December 2024

Knowledge in the characterization and evaluation of hydrocarbon formations by identifying the type of lithology is an important step in oil and gas exploration. However, this method is not efficient enough because it requires a lot of time and effort. This study focuses on lithology predictions using log data input by applying one of the machine learning algorithms, namely K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). This KNN algorithm can classify data based on K values to predict lithology. The Hyperparameter K value is determined based on the number of nearest neighbors calculated using the Euclidean distance principle. The K value in KNN needs to be optimized in order to find out the best K value to get high accuracy. The accuracy value of the model is obtained by comparing the results of the actual qualitative interpretation of lithology with the prediction results of lithology with KNN resulting precision, recall and F1 as representative of model accuracy. In the data train wells KP-24, KP-54 and KP-57 as well as test data, namely the KP-34 well, the value of k = 5 has the highest accuracy value of 89.9%. With the dominance of lithology in the predicted results, namely limestone, according to the information on the well data area, namely the Cibulakan Formation above and into the well, it reaches the Baturaja Formation. These results indicate that the lithology predicted by the KNN algorithm from the train data is already representative of the actual lithology data. Comparison of the results of qualitative interpretation with the results of machine learning predictions on the KP-34 well can predict thin or small layers and data labels in a relatively short time.
Building resilience in LNG marine terminal operations: a comprehensive socio-technical risk analysis utilizing the resilience assessment grid (RAG) method
Authors: Mahatrisna P I , Saut Gurning R O , Dinariyana A A B , Makapuan Rocky S J
Published: December 2024

In the face of rising global energy demand, LNG terminals play an essential role in the energy supply chain. However, the complexity of terminal operations, combined with the risk of catastrophic events, necessitates a robust resilience framework. This paper presents a comprehensive socio-technical resilience analysis that uses the Resilience Assessment Grid (RAG) methodology to measure resilience in LNG terminal operations. We examine the complex interplay of human elements, organizational culture, and technological systems in the terminal environment. Our approach uses the RAG methodology to identify vulnerabilities, assess the potential impact of disruptions, and assess the effectiveness of current safety and risk management practices. The results of this study show that the implementation of the safety concept at the LNG Marine Terminal is quite optimal, as indicated by the compliance figures for each resilience aspect, which exceed three as a benchmark. The highest score in the entire system is found in the ability to respond aspect, namely 4.38, which shows that the organization, in implementing this concept, still focuses on preventing and controlling accidents. This condition differs from the ability to monitor aspect, which has the lowest value, 3.97. However, this item cannot be called an inhibiting factor because its value exceeds the expected standard. In response, there is still room for improvement from existing achievements in the future.
Information Extraction from Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data for Identifying Shipping Line based on Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI)
Authors: Ma’ruf M. , Ruslin R. , Hasanah Uswatun , Efendi E. , Arifin Willdan Aprizal , Handani Dhimas Widhi , Suasti Gede Bagus Dwi , Syamsudin Farih , Sinaga Johannes Valentino , Eryawan Billal Soebhi , Al-Kautsar Ken Cindha Bumi
Published: December 2024

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a technology used to track the movement of ships through the transmission of ship data using Very High Frequency (VHF) waves. Ships around the world transmit their information, which is then captured by AIS receivers. This AIS data collected and stored at the ground station. This study uses the data on the number of ships categorized based the Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) in the southern Indonesian Archipelago Sea Route II (ALKI II), Madura strait, and its surroundings during one month period of March 2023. The AIS raw data processed using The Jupyter Notebook to generate the information such as MMSI, longitude, latitude, and navigation status. The information then plotted on QGIS to see the difference pattern of shipping lanes based on the ship’s MMSI number. The aim of this research is to demonstrate how AIS data processing and analysis can generate sufficient information for maritime spatial planning, including depicting maritime traffic density and traffic constellations, shipping lanes and navigation status, the hierarchical network of maritime routes, fishing zones, and spatial-temporal interactions between shipping activities. The findings from maritime spatial planning can offer valuable insights for law enforcement at sea and offer guidance for developing port infrastructure based on specific needs through the utilization of AIS data.
Utilization of sandblasting waste as additives to enhance mechanical performance of concrete mortar
Authors: Rizal Moh Najib , Sutrisno Wahyuniarsih , Wulandari Kiki Dwi
Published: December 2024

This research explains about the utilization of sandblasting waste, a byproduct of the shipping industry’s blasting process, as an additive in concrete mortar. The blasting process involves spraying silica sand to remove impurities from hull layers, resulting in waste that contains heavy metals like Fe2+, Mn4+, and Cr3+. Given its hazardous nature, alternative disposal methods are necessary to reduce landfill accumulation. By pre-treating this silica sand through cleaning and grinding, a new material, Ground Sandblasting Waste (GSW), with a particle size of approximately 390.4 nm and 94.75% SiO2 content, was produced. Concrete mortar specimens with dimensions 5 x 5 x 5 cm were prepared with GSW added in 1%-5% by weight of cement. Furthermore, this research also explores the combination of GSW with another additive named silica fume with a percentage of 6%. The compressive strength tests showed that adding 2% GSW and GSW-SF combinations, with proportions of 2% and 6% from the cement weight, greatly enhanced performance of mechanical the concrete mortar. This research highlights the potential for using pre-treated sandblasting waste to improve concrete performance and manage hazardous waste effectively in the shipping industry.
Development of Savonius Type Wind Turbine Model as A Source of Renewable Electrical Energy
Authors: Kusuma Cahya , Sutrisno Tri , Kusdiana Wawan , Aris Tri Ika R , Baidowi Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Wind turbines can be used as a renewable energy resource, especially in remote areas and outer islands where there is no electricity. Based on the calculations that have been carried out, it is found that the dimensions of the wind turbine model used in this research are a turbine height of 1 meter with a diameter of 0.5 meters. Meanwhile, the dimensions of the shaft used are 20mm. Model testing has been carried out in Juanda Surabaya, it is known that the generator power produced increases along with increasing wind speed which is also influenced by the rotation of the wind turbine. In the results of this research, the largest generator power was produced at a wind speed of 4.8 ms−1, which produced a generator power of 12.6 watts. Meanwhile, the lowest power is 0 watts because a wind speed of 0.4 m/s is not able to rotate the wind turbine. From the data collection results, it was also found that the SCC could only charge the battery if the minimum voltage reached 13 volts. So the new SCC can charge the battery at a wind speed of 3.7 m/s with a voltage output of 13.1 volts and a current strength of 0.5 amperes. This research will use a Savonius wind turbine with 2 rotor blades with dimensions of 1 meter high and 0.5 meter diameter. The research results show that power is obtained at a generator voltage starting from 13.1 volts which produces a current strength of 0.7 amperes. It is at this voltage that the new Solar/Wind Charge Control can charge the battery.
The influence of time steps and turbulence model in numerical predicting total resistance on Japan Bulk Carrier with and without pre-duct
Authors: Munazid A. , Ariana I M. , Utama I K. A. P.
Published: December 2024

As a numerical fluid dynamic simulation method, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) must guarantee the accuracy of the simulation results carried out, where the accuracy of the simulation results depends on: numerical method, grid generation, mesh independence, grid type, turbulence model, etc. This paper explains the influence of turbulence model and time step on the resistance prediction results of the Japan Bulk Carrier (JBC) ships, with CFD simulations using the ANSYS CFX software package. The model is simulated with several turbulence models including: k-Epsilon (k-ε), k-Omega (k-ω) and Shear Stress Transport k-ω (SST k-ω), apart from that the turbulence model is simulated in several time steps. From the results of the CFD modelling carried out, the influence of the turbulence model and time step on the accuracy of predicting ship resistance from the JBC ship was analysed, by comparing the CFD modelling results with experimental results from National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI). In general, the turbulence model and time step influence modelling and mesh selection, the correct time step provides accurate and convergent modelling results.
Redesign the air ventilation system in the engine room 48 meter patrol ship
Authors: Kusuma C , Widayat M A , Kusdiana W , A T Ika R , Baidowi A
Published: December 2024

The patrol boat with a Length Overall of 48 meters has the main function as a coastal patrol boat. The air ventilation system installed on patrol ships currently reaches an average temperature of 320°K ∼ 345°K with an average speed of 0 ∼ 2.5 m/s and the airflow is not distributed throughout the engine room. The temperature in the engine room is above the ISO 8861:1998 standard where the maximum temperature is 318.15 K (45°C). Based on calculations according to ISO 8861, the total air capacity requirement is 10.806 m3s−1 or 38.901 m3/hour, while the currently installed air blower capacity only has an air capacity of 3.988 m3s−1 or 14.358 m3h−1. The existing air ventilation system consists of 2 air blowers that suck in outside air. Computing Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to calculate the temperature distribution of the engine room between the existing ventilation system and the ventilation system based on ISO 8861 calculations. Based on the CFD simulation results, a blower modification with a capacity of more than 10.806 m3s−1 is carried out so air can be distributed throughout the room at an average speed 2.5 ms−1 ∼ 8 ms−1 with engine temperature at a height of 1-2 meters is 303°K ∼ 315°K according to ISO 8861:1998 standards.
Boil of Gas Formation Rate Analysis in LNG Storage Tank on LNG Fuelled Harbor Tug Vessel
Authors: Ariana I M , Fathallah A Z M , Zaky H A , Akbar T A
Published: December 2024

To accelerate the achievement of the net zero emission program which also one of the contributors of the climate resilience aspect in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the use of natural gas as ship fuel is one solution during the energy source transition period. Storing natural gas in the liquid phase (LNG) can reduce tank volume requirements by up to 600 times compared to the gas phase. However, the formation of BOG (Boil of Gas) can increase the pressure in the tank. In this research, the rate of BOG formation in tanks designed for LNG storage on Harbor Tug vessels was analysed using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method. The simulation results of the BOG formation rate when the ship is not operated and at full speed are 0.61 m3/minute, - 0.43 m3/minute, respectively. The storage tank is able to withstand gas pressure for up to 50 days when the ship’s system is not operated.
Steel Scrap Prediction from Indonesian Ship Recycling: Ship Type Point of View
Authors: Mutmainnah W , Fauzi F , Mauliani D R , Kurniawan M A , Hendratna K K , Sunaryo
Published: December 2024

Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships 2009 will entry into force on 26 Juni 2025, which is 24 month after Bangladesh and Liberia deposited their instrument to be a Contracted States to the Convention in 2023. As known widely, the output from the ship recycling activity is steel scrap that can be melted as a source of new steel. In Indonesia, the number of ship scrap is expected to be able to contribute to national steel industry. There are around 14.000 ships registered in Biro KlasiOikasi Indonesia. More than 2000 ships have been operated for more than 25 years. The aim of this study is for predicting the weight of the steel scrap by calculating the Light Displacement Tonnage (LDT) of potential ships to be recycled from available data based on 11 ship types that has higher total GT Total LDT estimation from ships more than 25 years is almost 2 million tons. This number would contribute positively to shipbuilding industry in Indonesia.
Improving the quality of urban ecosystem through ecological soundscape management
Authors: Beatrix K , Dahlan M Z , Koerniawan M D
Published: December 2024

In urban ecosystems, the interaction between humans and the environment is often dominated by noise from human activities, with the importance of natural sounds or the ecological soundscape being ignored. The ecological soundscape plays a crucial role in ecological interactions and the development of urban ecosystems by supporting biodiversity. Therefore, the impact of ecological soundscapes on enhancing sustainable ecosystems is aimed to be analyzed in this study. The influence of the ecological soundscape on the sustainability of living organisms in urban open spaces is evaluated, serving as an indicator for ecosystem improvement. Sound recordings were conducted at four strategic points. The dominant sound types are identified, and the role of the ecological soundscape in shaping soundscape patterns in urban open spaces is evaluated. Babakan Siliwangi Urban Forest was selected as the case study due to its significant benefits in improving the urban ecosystem. The results indicate that BSUF has not been fully taken over by the ecological soundscape. Natural sounds are masked by the constant human-made noise from traffic, indicating a decrease in biodiversity. Recommendations for enhancing the ecosystem through the ecological soundscape approach are provided, including noise reduction measures such as creating buffer zones with vegetation, expanding green spaces as habitats for wildlife contributing to natural sounds, and creating conditions supporting diverse flora and fauna. It is expected that these recommendations will lead to an enhancement of the ecological soundscape in urban areas and foster more sustainable and diverse ecosystems.
Integrating arborists and birds: Habitat management options for birds in the tropical urban green space
Authors: Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A
Published: December 2024

Tropical urban areas have been known as excellent habitats for birds. Trees in urban areas are essential in supporting birds’ lives; they must be managed appropriately. This paper aims to formulate habitat and tree maintenance management options that could benefit birds in tropical urban areas. Previous bird observations from three urban green spaces formulated management options. Managing urban birds’ habitat mainly involved managing trees producing food (fruits, seeds, insects, nectars) and providing bird cover (as resting, roosting, and breeding sites). Trees can be planted in clumps or rows, creating bird habitat patches and corridors. Trees producing small-sized seeds/fruits attract insects, and having nectars from flowers is preferred by birds. Tall trees with thick canopies are excellent as cover. As some birds nest in tree cavities, old-decayed trees must also be maintained, which might conflict with arborists’ intentions. Other conflicting matters are snags, parasitic/epiphytic plants, pests, and thick litter, which are excellent for birds but unwanted by arborists. Management options for arborists need to be integrated and synergized with avian ecologists to maintain/increase bird diversity and number in the tropical urban green space.
Labor and delivery unit practices and racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity among nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies
Authors: Leonard Stephanie A , Xu Xiao , Davies-Balch Shantay , Main Elliott K , Bateman Brian T , Rehkopf David H , Lee Henry C , Illuzzi Jessica , Igbinosa Irogue , Iwekaogwu Ijeoma , Lyell Deirdre J
Published: December 2024

Persistent racial and ethnic disparities exist in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity, which may be due in part to differences in labor and delivery unit practices across hospitals. We used data collected from 184 hospitals in California (2015-2018) to assess whether nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies differ by race and ethnicity in giving birth at hospitals that tend to use lower-interventional labor and delivery unit practices, and whether such differences contribute to disparities in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity. We classified labor and delivery units as higher- or lower-interventional based on a latent class analysis of survey responses about the frequency of using lower-interventional practices. We used a modified doubly robust g-estimator to estimate counterfactual disparity measures, setting all hospitals to be lower-interventional. Among 348,990 low-risk livebirths, the proportion occurring at lower-interventional hospitals was lowest in Black and Latino individuals (17% and 16%, respectively) and highest in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) and White individuals (29% in both). Severe maternal and neonatal morbidity occurred most frequently among AI/AN individuals. Counterfactual disparity measures suggested that if all births occurred at lower-interventional hospitals, racial and ethnic disparities in the outcomes would modestly increase, except for severe neonatal morbidity among AI/AN individuals.
Relationship Between Acute SARS-CoV-2 Viral Clearance and Long COVID-19 (Long COVID) Symptoms: A Cohort Study
Authors: Herbert Carly , Antar Annukka A R , Broach John , Wright Colton , Stamegna Pamela , Luzuriaga Katherine , Hafer Nathaniel , McManus David D , Manabe Yukari C , Soni Apurv
Published: December 2024

Background

The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral dynamics during acute infection and the development of long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), or “long COVID,” is largely unknown.

Methods

Between October 2021 and February 2022, 7361 people not known to have COVID-19 self-collected nasal swab samples for SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing every 24–48 hours for 10–14 days. Participants whose first known SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected were surveyed for long COVID in August 2023. Their slopes of viral clearance were modeled using linear mixed effects models with random slopes and intercepts, and the relative risk (RR) of long COVID based on viral slopes was calculated using a log binomial model, adjusted for age, symptoms, and variant. Sex-based interaction terms were also evaluated for significance.

Results

A total of 172 participants were eligible for analyses, and 59 (34.3%) reported long COVID. The risk of long COVID with 3–4 symptoms (adjusted RR, 2.44 [95% confidence interval, .88–6.82]) and ≥5 symptoms (4.97 [1.90–13.0]) increased with each unit increase in slope of viral clearance. While the probability of long COVID increased with slowed viral clearance among women, the same relationship was not observed among men (interaction term: P = .02). Acute SARS-CoV-2 symptoms of abdominal pain (adjusted RR, 5.41 [95% confidence interval, 2.44–12.0]), nausea (3.01 [1.31–6.89]), and body aches (2.58 [1.26–5.30]) were most strongly associated with long COVID.

Conclusions

We observed that slower viral clearance rates during acute COVID-19 were associated with increased risk and more symptoms of long COVID . Early viral-host dynamics appear to be mechanistically linked to the development of long COVID.
Impact of Anti-CD4 Autoantibodies on Immune Reconstitution in People With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Epling Brian P , Lisco Andrea , Manion Maura , Laidlaw Elizabeth , Galindo Frances , Anderson Megan , Roby Gregg , Sheikh Virginia , Migueles Stephen A , Poole April , Perez-Diez Ainhoa , Liu Xiangdong , Rao V Koneti , Burbelo Peter D , Sereti Irini
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), 15%–30% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience a limited recovery of CD4 T cells. Although autoantibodies against the CD4 receptor have previously been identified in people with HIV (PWH), little is known about their longitudinal impact on CD4 T-cell reconstitution.

Methods

Anti-CD4 autoantibodies were evaluated by the fluid-phase luciferase immunoprecipitation systems immunoassay in ART-naive people with advanced HIV (CD4 count ≤100 cells/µL), PWH with CD4 count >200 cells/µL, long-term nonprogressors, people with idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia, people with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, and healthy volunteers without HIV. In the participants with advanced HIV, we assessed the association of anti-CD4 autoantibodies at ART initiation with CD4 recovery over a median follow-up of 192 weeks.

Results

Anti-CD4 autoantibodies were identified in 29% (61/210) of ART-naive participants with advanced HIV but were absent in people without HIV. Female PWH showed a 4-fold higher prevalence (P < .001) of anti-CD4 autoantibodies compared to males. After ART initiation, people with advanced HIV with anti-CD4 autoantibodies exhibited an overall slower rate of CD4 reconstitution (5.8 vs 6.6 cells/µL/month, P = .007) and lower week 192 CD4 count (268 vs 355 cells/µL, P = .037). Incidental, clinically indicated immunosuppressive therapy in these participants was associated with an improved rate of CD4 reconstitution (P = .0019) and higher week 192 CD4 count (551 vs 268 cells/µL, P = .019).

Conclusions

People with advanced HIV harboring anti-CD4 autoantibodies at ART initiation demonstrated a slower rate and extent of CD4 reconstitution after 4 years. Incidental immunosuppressive therapy was associated with increased CD4 counts in these participants.
Urinary tartaric acid as a biomarker of wine consumption and cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial
Authors: Domínguez-López Inés , Lamuela-Raventós Rosa M , Razquin Cristina , Arancibia-Riveros Camila , Galkina Polina , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Alonso-Gómez Ángel M , Fitó Montserrat , Fiol Miquel , Lapetra José , Gómez-Gracia Enrique , Sorlí José V , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Castañer Olga , Liang Liming , Serra-Majem Lluis , Hu Frank B , Ros Emilio , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Estruch Ramon
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Moderate wine consumption has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older populations. However, wine consumption information through self-reports is prone to measurement errors inherent to subjective assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urinary tartaric acid, an objective biomarker of wine consumption, and the rate of a composite clinical CVD event.

Methods

A case-cohort nested study was designed within the PREDIMED trial with 1232 participants: 685 incident cases of CVD and a random subcohort of 625 participants (including 78 overlapping cases). Wine consumption was registered using validated food frequency questionnaires. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure urinary tartaric acid at baseline and after one year of intervention. Weighted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD.

Results

Tartaric acid was correlated with self-reported wine consumption at baseline [r = 0.46 (95% CI 0.41; 0.50)]. Five categories of post hoc urinary tartaric acid excretion were used for better representation of risk patterns. Concentrations of 3–12 and 12–35 μg/mL, which reflect ∼3–12 and 12–35 glasses/month of wine, were associated with lower CVD risk [HR 0.62 (95% CI 0.38; 1.00), P = .050 and HR 0.50 (95% CI 0.27; 0.95), P = .035, respectively]. Less significant associations between self-reported wine consumption and CVD risk were observed.

Conclusions

Light-to-moderate wine consumption, measured through an objective biomarker (tartaric acid), was prospectively associated with lower CVD rate in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.
Microbial functional diversity and redundancy: moving forward
Authors: Ramond Pierre , Galand Pierre E , Logares Ramiro
Published: December 2024

Microbial functional ecology is expanding as we can now measure the traits of wild microbes that affect ecosystem functioning. Here, we review techniques and advances that could be the bedrock for a unified framework to study microbial functions. These include our newfound access to environmental microbial genomes, collections of microbial traits, but also our ability to study microbes’ distribution and expression. We then explore the technical, ecological, and evolutionary processes that could explain environmental patterns of microbial functional diversity and redundancy. Next, we suggest reconciling microbiology with biodiversity–ecosystem functioning studies by experimentally testing the significance of microbial functional diversity and redundancy for the efficiency, resistance, and resilience of ecosystem processes. Such advances will aid in identifying state shifts and tipping points in microbiomes, enhancing our understanding of how and where will microbes guide Earth's biomes in the context of a changing planet.
The international Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière? French socialism in the International and its relationship with the Partito Socialista Italiano during diplomatic crises (1911–1915)
Authors: Marcobelli Elisa
Published: December 2024

This article explores the role of the Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) in the Second International and its response to international crises that threatened European peace before World War I. By 1914, the Second International had developed a unified antimilitarist stance, co-ordinating efforts through the International Socialist Bureau (ISB) against wars, exemplified during the Moroccan crises of 1905 and 1911 and the Italo–Turkish War (1911–12). The article investigates the SFIO’s engagement in antiwar activism, its interactions with the Partito Socialista Italiano (PSI) and the extent of internationalist consciousness within French socialism. Despite the SFIO’s active participation in international socialist movements, the relationship with the PSI revealed complexities, particularly as Italy’s delayed entry into World War I created tensions. This study situates itself within the historiographical renewal of socialism’s history, emphasizing transnational perspectives and the interconnectedness of socialist parties across Europe.
Use of patient-derived cell models for characterization of compound heterozygous hypomorphic C2CD3 variants in a patient with isolated nephronophthisis
Authors: Sentell Zachary T , Mougharbel Lina , Nurcombe Zachary W , Babayeva Sima , Henein Marc , Chu Lee Lee , Akpa Murielle M , Chung Chen-Fang , Rivière Jean-Baptiste , Pupavac Mihaela , Li Rui , Rosenblatt David S , Majewski Jacek , Goodyer Paul R , Torban Elena , Kitzler Thomas M
Published: December 2024

Background

Primary ciliopathies are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders predominantly caused by autosomal-recessive genetic variants that disrupt non-motile ciliary function. They often manifest as a syndromic phenotype, frequently involving the kidney. Biallelic pathogenic variants in C2CD3 disrupt ciliogenesis and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling, resulting in a severe ciliopathy (Orofaciodigital syndrome XIV, OMIM 615948). We present compound heterozygous missense variants in C2CD3 that partially disrupt ciliary function in a patient with isolated renal disease.

Methods

Exome sequencing identified biallelic C2CD3 missense variants (p.Pro168Leu; p.Thr2079Met). Patient-derived fibroblasts and urinary renal epithelial cells (URECs), and human RPE-1 C2CD3 knockout (KO) cell-lines were used for in vitro studies.

Results

Cilia length was significantly shorter in patient-derived fibroblasts compared to an unaffected sibling (2.309 vs. 2.850 μm, P < 0.0001), while URECs showed significantly shortened cilia (2.068 vs. 2.807 μm, P < 0.0001) and a 40.8% reduction in ciliation (P < 0.001). The latter was not observed in fibroblasts, suggesting a kidney-specific effect. SHH signaling was dysregulated in patient cells as expression of GLI3 activator protein and GLI1 mRNA was significantly reduced. C2CD3 localization to the basal body was significantly reduced in patient URECs. Finally, rescue experiments in C2CD3 KO RPE-1 cells corroborated these findings by demonstrating a reduced capacity to restore ciliogenesis for each variant.

Conclusion

Biallelic hypomorphic missense variants in C2CD3 may contribute to an isolated nephronophthisis phenotype with impaired ciliogenesis and SHH signaling. Our findings underscore the importance of functional testing to characterize candidate gene-disease relationships in patients with nephropathy of unknown etiology.
Randomized controlled phase III study comparing chemotherapy alone versus conversion surgery after a remarkable response to chemotherapy in patients with initially unresectable cStage IVB or pStage IV gastric cancer (JCOG2301, Conversion study)
Authors: Kita Ryosuke , Yasufuku Itaru , Takahashi Naoki , Mizusawa Junki , Sano Yusuke , Fukuda Haruhiko , Kurokawa Yukinori , Boku Narikazu , Terashima Masanori , Yoshikawa Takaki ,   Stomach Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Published: December 2024

The standard approach for stage IV gastric cancer is palliative chemotherapy. However, despite the advancements in various chemotherapy regimens, the prognosis remains poor, highlighting the urgent need to develop more effective treatment strategies. The controversy persists regarding the integration of a local therapy including surgery in the management of unresectable stage IV gastric cancer. This randomized phase III trial aims to confirm the additional benefit of conversion surgery following palliative chemotherapy compared with palliative chemotherapy alone with respect to overall survival in patients initially diagnosed with unresectable clinical stage IVB or pathological stage IV gastric cancer after a remarkable response to chemotherapy. This study plans to enroll 126 patients from 63 institutions in Japan for 5 years, and it has been registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials as jRCTs031240340 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs031240340).
Large-scale dual AGN in large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
Authors: Puerto-Sánchez Clara , Habouzit Mélanie , Volonteri Marta , Ni Yueying , Foord Adi , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Chen Nianyi , Guetzoyan Paloma , Davé Romeel , Di Matteo Tiziana , Dubois Yohan , Koss Michael , Rosas-Guevara Yetli
Published: December 2024

Detecting dual active galactic nuclei (DAGNs) in observations and understanding theoretically which massive black holes (MBHs) compose them and in which galactic and large-scale environment they reside are becoming increasingly important questions as we enter the multimessenger era of MBH astronomy. This paper presents the abundance and properties of DAGN produced in nine large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We focus on DAGN powered by AGN with $L_{\rm bol}\geqslant 10^{43}\, \rm erg\, s^{-1}$ and belonging to distinct galaxies, i.e. pairs that can be characterized with current and near-future electromagnetic observations. We find that the number density of DAGN separated by a few to 30 proper kpc varies from $10^{-8}$ (or none) to $10^{-3} \, \rm comoving\, Mpc^{3}$ in the redshift range $z=0\!-\!7$. At a given redshift, the densities of the DAGN numbers vary by up to two orders of magnitude from one simulation to another. However, for all simulations, the DAGN peak is in the range $z=1\!-\!3$, right before the peak of cosmic star formation or cosmic AGN activity. The corresponding fractions of DAGN (with respect to the total number of AGN) range from 0 per cent to 6 per cent. We find that simulations could produce too few DAGN at $z=0$ (or merge pairs too quickly) compared to current observational constraints while being consistent with preliminary constraints at high redshift ($z\sim 3$). Next-generation observatories (e.g. Advanced X-Ray Imaging Satellite [AXIS]) will be of paramount importance to detect DAGN across cosmic times. We predict the detectability of DAGN with future X-ray telescopes and discuss DAGN as progenitors for future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) gravitational wave detections.
Off-centre ignition of sub-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs does not resolve the tension with the observed t0–MNi56 relation of type Ia supernovae
Authors: Schinasi-Lemberg Eden , Kushnir Doron
Published: December 2024

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are likely the thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen (CO) white-dwarf (WD) stars, but the exact nature of their progenitor systems remains uncertain. Recent studies have suggested that a propagating detonation within a thin helium shell surrounding a sub-Chandrasekhar mass CO core can subsequently trigger a detonation within the core (the double-detonation model, DDM). The resulting explosion resembles a central ignition of a sub-Chandrasekhar mass CO WD (SCD), which is known to be in tension with the observed $t_0-$$M_{\rm {Ni56}}$ relation, where $t_0$ (the $\gamma$-rays’ escape time from the ejecta) is positively correlated with $M_{\rm {Ni56}}$ (the synthesized $^{56}$Ni mass). SCD predicts an anticorrelation between $t_0$ and $M_{\rm {Ni56}}$, with $t_0{\approx }30\, \textrm {day}$ for luminous ($M_{\rm {Ni56}} \gtrsim 0.5\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) SNe Ia, while the observed $t_0$ is in the range of $35{\!-\!}45\, \textrm {day}$. In this study, we apply our recently developed numerical scheme to calculate in 2D the impact of off-centre ignition in sub-Chandrasekhar mass CO WD, aiming to better emulate the behaviour expected in the DDM scenario. Our calculations of the $t_0{\!-\!}M_{\rm {Ni56}}$ relation, which do not require radiation transfer calculations, achieve convergence to within a few per cent with a numerical resolution of ${\sim }1\, \rm {km}$. We find that the results only slightly depend on the ignition location, mirroring the SCD model, and consequently, the discrepancy with the observed $t_0$–$M_{\rm {Ni56}}$ relation remains unresolved.
Adorno’s Legacy in Contemporary Political Theory
Authors: Kramer Sina
Published: December 2024

Adorno’s thought has been fruitful for contemporary political theory. This chapter offers an overview of the areas of greatest impact of Adorno’s thought on political theory. Adorno’s impact can be seen best in his commitment to negativity, in aesthetics, in the influence of his critique of the philosophy of history on decolonial theory, in feminist theory, and in the relationship between theory and practice. However, Adorno’s failure to subject psychoanalysis to a negative dialectical critique, as well as his failure to think the emergence of theory out of practice, limit the use of his thought to contemporary political theory. Instead, this indicates that his work must be adapted to political theoretical ends.
Planetary Challenges
Authors: Wright Christopher , Nyberg Daniel
Published: December 2024

The extraction and consumption of fossil-fuel-based energy has underpinned the growth of global capitalism over the past two centuries, resulting in an industry dominated by some of the largest and most powerful companies in the world. However, the centrality of fossil energy to economic growth has also come at a huge environmental cost as escalating carbon emissions have generated a climate crisis that now threatens the future of organised human civilisation. This article explores the origins of the global fossil-fuel industry and its political response to the growing recognition of climate change and moves towards the decarbonization of economies. It highlights how the industry has engaged in various forms of political activity to defend itself from critique and delay the transition to a low-carbon economy. While this has been a successful strategy for over forty years, the article notes how the growing urgency of the climate crisis and the recent global pandemic pose fundamental threats to the continuation of fossil fuel expansion.
Crises and Conflicts
Authors: Zuiderhoek Arjan
Published: December 2024

This chapter deals with the twin potential calamities facing Greek cities throughout their history, the Roman period included: external existential threats (epidemics, food shortages, natural disasters) and internal conflicts. The focus is primarily on the kinds of threats the poleis faced, on the social, political, and institutional mechanisms they developed to deal with them, and on the ways in which the imperial authorities might become involved. First the poleis’ responses to existential threats such as epidemic diseases, food shortages, and natural calamities (earthquakes) are discussed. This is followed by an analysis of the reasons for their vulnerability to internal conflicts (stasis) and the measures they took to prevent these. It is argued that the participatory and inclusive political practices of the poleis, which continued into the Imperial period, provided them with a measure of resilience against external existential crises but at the same time made them vulnerable to internal conflicts.
Civic Coinage
Authors: Hostein Antony
Published: December 2024

This chapter underlines how our understanding of the Greek polis under Roman rule is continually being enriched by the study of civic coinage. It offers a survey of the methodological approaches and trends that characterize current research in numismatics, in a context of strong dynamism of the discipline thanks to digital humanities. After a short introduction, the first section presents definitions, chronological developments, and the general characteristics of civic coinage. The second section is dedicated to questions of authority, the representation of local elites, and the system of coin production. The third and fourth sections contain thematic discussions examining numismatic expressions of local pride and civic identities, on the one hand, and of city networks, on the other. The last section provides a brief synthesis of the economic function of civic coinage and its complex relationships to the imperial currency system.
Gymnasia and Baths
Authors: Bernini Julie
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses the evolution and adaptation of Greek gymnasia during Roman presence and domination. While their evolution can be inscribed into a continuous history prior to the establishment of Roman rule in the Greek world, recent research highlights important changes that began in the late 2nd century bc. They concern not only the form of the buildings but also their users (opening to foreigners, increasing elitism of the gymnasium groups such as the ephebate, liturgization of the gymnasiarchy), and thus their functions and usages. During the Imperial period, these buildings still played a substantial role in the cultic and public life of the poleis and remained central to local political life. Although they were still places of reference for athletic activities and paideia, they also became venues for the celebration of the memory of the cities, a memory both local elites and Roman rulers aspired to be part of.
The ‘Religious Realm’ (ta theia) in the Eastern Mediterranean Cities
Authors: Belayche Nicole
Published: December 2024

This chapter addresses the many ways in which the civic institutions in the cities of the eastern Mediterranean (limited here to Anatolia and the Levant) organized their relationships with their gods during the Imperial period. Religious matters were an integral part of the collective conception of the local power (political and social); even the infra- and non-civic groups were framed largely by the structure of the religion of the polis. Emphasis is put on organization (‘polis religion’), collective practices (civic rituals), social settings (the elites’ role as cult officials), and their visibility in the civic territory and religious ‘landscapes’ (through buildings, urban settings, or urban rituals). The last section discusses the changes Roman rule, and especially the establishment of the imperial cult, provoked in the religious lives of the Greek cities. In the conclusion, the limitations of the polis religion-concept for encompassing all religious realities in the poleis are highlighted.
Athens
Authors: Muñiz-Grijalvo Elena
Published: December 2024

Athens was often the recipient of the beneficence of emperors and imperial elites. The city’s openness to the outside world and influence on cultural trends during the Imperial period go a long way to explaining historical developments in Athens. Furthermore, the city appeared in a variety of guises in Greek and Roman ideological constructions, which used Athens as if it were a ‘vacant sign’. This chapter first analyses the basis of Athenian exceptionality and the means by which this city contributed to the ideological construction of empire. The chapter then examines the main urban development projects that transformed Athens’ appearance, especially under Augustus and Hadrian, and concludes by summarizing the internal political changes that were often a consequence of Athens’ insertion into the imperial framework, including the redefinition of democracy. Ironically, Athens’ exceptionality eventually placed it on a par in some respects with many other cities in the Roman Mediterranean.
The Cyclades
Authors: Le Quéré Enora
Published: December 2024

Despite their small size and their remoteness from the major Greek cities of the Roman Empire, this chapter argues that the Cycladic islands were fully integrated into the various historical developments affecting the eastern provinces. Notwithstanding the overall permanence of traditional institutional procedures, it highlights the progressive ‘oligarchization’ and increased hierarchization of these island societies. Most of the important responsibilities of the cities were monopolized by a few elite families, who also acted as the main civic benefactors. Nevertheless, some characteristics specific to the local insular environment and the smallness of the communities are underlined. The gradual scarcity of male citizens able to assume civic expenses, as well as the promotion of others at a provincial level, resulted in increased participation of women and foreigners in the Cycladic civic life. Finally, this chapter discusses how the isolation of the Cyclades from the major political centres also affected their cultural life.
Thasos
Authors: Fournier Julien
Published: December 2024

For the Roman Imperial period, the city of Thasos offers rich and varied epigraphic evidence. It allows us to follow the stages of the city’s integration into the empire: the first contacts with Rome after the Second Macedonian War, the probable establishment of an alliance treaty after the Mithridatic War, the formation of the imperial cult during the Augustan period, and the relations with the governors of Thrace from the reign of the emperor Claudius. The inscriptions also make it possible to follow institutional continuities and evolutions. While the main civic magistracies endure, the balance between the assembly and the council changes in favour of the latter, which becomes the main civic decision-making body. This evolution reflects the evolution of society: ordinary citizens are increasingly dependent on the generosity of a narrow group of notables, who accumulate the main civic offices and priesthoods and sit in the council.
The Cities of Caria
Authors: Delrieux Fabrice
Published: December 2024

The region of Caria in south-west Asia Minor was part of the province of Asia during the first three centuries of the Roman Empire. It is presented in this chapter in three sections. After a brief description of the region and its inhabitants, the chapter first investigates how the cities of Caria were conquered by Rome at the end of the Republic and how the winner, through conquest and civil war, shaped the civic landscape of the region for a long time to come. The chapter then looks at how these cities functioned under the imperium Romanum, and in particular at the different ways in which the local populations demonstrated their attachment to Rome. Finally, the chapter analyses how the cities of Caria preserved distinctive regional features in an area dominated by a foreign (Greek) culture and (Roman) power.