bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Distance Travelled to School on Students' Performance, Tardiness, and Absenteeism in Public Schools in Morocco
Authors: Bammou Hamid , El Bouhali Mohammed , El Alaoui Aicha
Published: January 2025

The challenges of providing equitable access to quality education are particularly acute in rural areas, where the distance pupils have to travel to school can have a significant impact on their academic performance. This study addresses the critical question: How does the distance students have to travel to school affect their academic outcomes? Focusing on a primary school in a rural area of Morocco, the research aims to analyze the relationship between students' travel times and their academic performance. Based on a statistical analysis of data collected from 220 students, the study uses univariate analysis, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests to examine the effects of commute time on tardiness, absenteeism, and academic performance. The results indicate that longer commute times are associated with higher rates of tardiness and absenteeism, as well as lower student performance. These findings highlight the urgent need to address logistical challenges in rural areas in order to improve educational outcomes. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, such as improved transport infrastructure, to mitigate the negative impact of long commutes on student performance.
La gestion adaptative comme approche pour améliorer la performance des projets de développement rural au Cameroun
Authors: Hubert Bessi Aboganina , Julio César Martínez Espinosa
Published: January 2025

L'objectif principal de cet article est de satisfaire à la nécessité d'améliorer les performances des projets de développement, ce qui contribue à l'efficacité de l'aide publique. Cette question est au cœur des préoccupations du gouvernement camerounais qui fait face au défi permanent d’améliorer les conditions de vie de sa population rurale. L’approche d’étude est explicative et s’attache à identifier les causes du problème afin de faire des propositions qui tiennent compte de l’incertitude rencontrée par la plupart des projets de développement. Après la revue de la littérature, l’état de l’art et le diagnostic, l’analyse des données met en évidence la nécessité de faire face aux risques dans la gestion des projets de développement. L’accent est donc mis sur la gestion adaptative qui propose un cadre managérial dont la performance dépend de la capacité de l’équipe projet à faire face aux risques et aux incertitudes tout au long du cycle de vie du projet. Loin d’ignorer les aspects techniques et les mérites des approches standards traditionnelles telles que le Cadre Logique (CL) utilisé dans la plupart des projets de développement au Cameroun, la gestion adaptative est une approche managériale qui s’adapte aux projets complexes tels que les projets de développement rural en mettant l’accent sur l’apprentissage et la prise de décision structurée pour résoudre les problèmes dans des contextes d’incertitude permanente.
 
This article aims to address the necessity for enhancing the performance of development projects, thereby contributing to the efficacy of public development assistance. This question is at the heart of the Cameroon government's concerns, which faces the permanent challenge of improving the living conditions of its rural population. The study has an explanatory approach and concentrates on determining the root causes of the issue in order to provide recommendations that consider the unpredictability that most development projects face. Following the review of the literature, the state of the art, and the diagnosis, the analysis of the data highlights the need to face risks in the management of development projects. The emphasis is therefore placed on adaptive management, which offers a managerial framework whose performance depends on the ability of the project team to deal with risks and uncertainties throughout the project life cycle. Far from ignoring the technical aspects and the merits of the traditional standard approaches, such as the logical framework used in most development projects in Cameroon, adaptive management is a managerial approach that adapts to complex projects, such as rural development projects, with an emphasis on learning and structured decision-making to solve problems in contexts of permanent uncertainty.
The Organizational Contribution of the PMO: An Assessment Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: El Yacoubi Zouheir , Jahidi Rachid
Published: January 2025

This research is part of a thesis project that includes two main phases, and it aims to develop and examine a conceptual model to understand and verify the contribution of the PMO to the performance of Moroccan organizations as well as to their level of project management maturity in terms of organization and practices. Thus, the main objectives of this research are: (1) to examine the PMO’s contribution to organizational performance and project management maturity, but also (2) to contribute to consolidating the theoretical basis of the project management school. To this end, a quantitative approach was adopted, with a questionnaire administered online over three consecutive months. Firstly, the president of the Moroccan chapter of PMI was contacted to solicit his collaboration. Secondly, direct interaction was carried out with people working in project management in organizations with a Project Management Office (PMO), who were able to respond to the questionnaire via the “LinkedIn” professional network. Two hundred and five (205) responses were received, of which seventy-six (76) were discarded because respondents stated that no PMO existed within their organization, or that it had existed for less than three years. Finally, one hundred and twenty-nine (129) responses were considered usable and represented our final database from which we proceeded to a series of analyses and tests. Data analysis was carried out in two stages. First, a descriptive and exploratory analysis of the data collected was carried out using SPSS. Then, a confirmatory analysis using structural equation modeling was carried out with SmartPLS to examine the validity of the model's concepts and test hypotheses.
The results of this study provide a solid basis for linking PMO functions to organizational contributions. The study concluded that PMO functions contribute to organizational performance and project management maturity. It also highlights the mediating effect of project management maturity. However, the possible moderating effect of PMO type on structural relationships could not be verified.
Mesure du Conservatisme de la Banque Centrale : Une évaluation empirique appliquée au cas de la Banque des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale (BEAC)
Authors: Soulemanou  , Tadadjeu Dessy-Karl
Published: January 2025

Dans cet article, nous proposons une mesure simple et fiable du degré de conservatisme de la Banque des États de l’Afrique centrale (BEAC). Cet indicateur est fondé sur la courbe de Taylor et s’inspire des travaux de Levieuge et Lucotte (2014). Contrairement à d’autres indicateurs de conservatisme développés dans la littérature, qui dépendent fortement du modèle économique et de la règle monétaire adoptés, la mesure que nous proposons ici est purement empirique et facilement calculable. Elle requiert seulement la connaissance des variances empiriques de quelques variables et peut aisément s’étendre à un large échantillon de pays. Les résultats empiriques montrent que, sur la période 1980-2015, la BEAC a accordé la priorité au soutien à l’activité économique plutôt qu’à l’objectif de couverture extérieure de la monnaie dans la CEMAC.
 
In this article, we propose a simple and reliable measure of the degree of conservatism of the Bank of Central African States (BEAC). This indicator is based on the Taylor curve and draws on the work of Levieuge and Lucotte (2014). Unlike other conservatism indicators developed in the literature, which are highly dependent on the economic model and monetary rule adopted, the measure we propose here is purely empirical and easily calculable. It requires only knowledge of the empirical variances of a few variables, and can easily be extended to a large sample of countries. The empirical results show that, over the period 1980-2015, the BEAC prioritized support for economic activity over the objective of currency hedging in the CEMAC.
Sustainable Tourism Supported by Drafting of the Crossborder Sustainable Mobility Plan (CBSMP) between southern Italy and Greece: Connections among Gallipoli, Brindisi, Thesprotia, and Igoumenitsa
Authors: Carlucci Fabio , Gattuso Domenico , Senatore Luigi , Trincone Barbara , Venezia Elisabetta
Published: January 2025

The development of a Cross-Border Sustainable Mobility Plan (CBSMP) under the European Interreg Greece-Italy Cooperation Programme (2014-2020) highlights the critical need for a synergistic and systemic approach to creating sustainable accessibility models. These models are vital at both international and local levels for fostering environmentally, socially, and economically responsible tourism development. This research addresses the urgent need to design comprehensive sustainability solutions, with transportation playing a pivotal role. The CBSMP was meticulously developed by integrating international, national, and local transport plans and programmes, with particular emphasis on existing Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs). The plan not only proposes alternatives to highly polluting transport options but also lays the foundation for establishing new maritime connections between southern Salento (Italy) and Epirus (Greece), thereby enhancing cross-border mobility and fostering regional integration.
Echoes of the Anthropocene: Reimagining Legal Consciousness in the Face of Ecological Crisis
Authors: Kapartziani Chrysoula
Published: January 2025

The concept of the “Anthropocene,” referring to the interconnection between human activity and what was once considered the natural environment, has emerged as a direct response to the radical changes in climate and ecosystems that have transformed the planet's ecology and potentially contributed to the pandemic crisis. Human agency, long regulated through legal instruments, now takes centre stage in the management and stewardship of the planet. Law, as both a reservoir of emotionally significant social symbols and a powerful regulatory tool, plays a crucial role in this context. Therefore, understanding the evolution of environmental legal frameworks is essential. This understanding encompasses the relationship between law, society, the environment, and the role of the citizen, encapsulated in the concept of “legal consciousness”. Moreover, law operates through conceptual categories and frameworks that construct, communicate, and interpret social and cultural relationships. Given that the Anthropocene is not only an ecological condition but also a state of consciousness, environmental awareness must align with legal consciousness. This moment offers an opportunity to reshape legal culture. Several questions arise: How have legal frameworks been reflected in the words, actions, and interpretations of ordinary citizens? Is it necessary to rewrite legal terminology or redefine legal values and frameworks to depict the interconnection between nature and human activity?  What role, if any, does the educational system and media play in shaping this consciousness? This paper employs a theoretical and interpretative methodology, drawing on legal theory, environmental history, and analysis of legal consciousness, to examine the role of law in shaping human responses to the environmental crises of the Anthropocene. Furthermore, what are the most effective ways to communicate contemporary legal principles, such as the rights of nature? Should these rules be developed through open and participatory processes? Finally, what lessons can be drawn from environmental history to inform future legal frameworks and values? These questions guide the exploration of how legal systems must evolve in response to the challenges of the Anthropocene.
Déterminants de l’adoption des TIC par les agriculteurs de la région du Centre au Burkina Faso
Authors: Sana Ibrahim , Diendere Achille Augustin , Yabi Afouda Jacob
Published: January 2025

Cette recherche analyse les déterminants de l'adoption des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) par les agriculteurs. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de 420 agriculteurs de la région du Centre au Burkina Faso, sélectionnés par échantillonnage aléatoire simple. L'analyse des données repose sur des statistiques descriptives et un modèle Probit multivarié. Les résultats révèlent que des facteurs comme le sexe, le niveau d’instruction, l’âge, la distance au marché, le revenu non agricole et l’appartenance à une organisation de producteurs influencent de manière différenciée l’adoption de chaque type spécifique de TIC étudiées. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité de développer des politiques TIC qui soient spécifiquement adaptées aux profils des agriculteurs, en tenant compte de leurs caractéristiques socio-démographiques, économiques et institutionnelles. Il est essentiel d'intégrer des stratégies tenant compte du genre et de l'âge, ainsi que d'offrir des subventions financières pour faciliter l'adoption. Étant donné que chaque technologie requiert une approche distincte, il est primordial de concevoir des solutions adaptées aux contextes locaux et de renforcer les organisations de producteurs afin de sensibiliser et de former les agriculteurs de manière efficace.
 
This research explores the determinants of farmers' adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Data were collected from 420 farmers in the Center region of Burkina Faso, selected by simple random sampling. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and a multivariate Probit model.The results reveal that factors such as gender, level of education, age, distance from the market, off-farm income and membership of a producer organization differentially influence the adoption of each specific type of ICT studied. These results highlight the need to develop ICT policies that are specifically tailored to farmers' profiles, taking into account their socio-demographic, economic and institutional characteristics. Gender- and age-sensitive strategies are essential, as are financial subsidies to facilitate adoption. As each technology requires a distinct approach, it is essential to design solutions adapted to local contexts, and to strengthen producer organizations in order to raise awareness and train farmers effectively.
La persona, eje central de los procesos migratorios: el caso de la migración italiana a América
Authors: Calzadilla Medina Ma. Aránzazu , Martínez Gramuglia Pablo , Fiorenza Elia , Robles Acevedo Manuel Alejandro
Published: January 2025

En un mundo globalizado, visibilizar las migraciones y su realidad sociojurídica, sus antecedentes, las particularidades de las personas que migran, sus motivaciones, las circunstancias particulares de determinados grupos o colectivos, etc., es una tarea que desde la academia ha de llevarse a cabo de manera incesante, pues todo esfuerzo es poco para tratar de mostrar la veracidad de situaciones que, en un mundo de fake news, posverdad, inteligencia artificial, etc., muchas veces quedan ocultas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar y exponer las características y situaciones que se dieron a lo largo de los años en migraciones desde Europa hacia América Latina, un fenómeno en cierta forma olvidado. Italia es el país elegido para, desde un caso concreto, comprender la realidad estructural de las migraciones y la situación de desigualdad que pueden conllevar, todo ello desde un punto de vista de los derechos humanos.
 
In a globalized world, making migration visible—including its socio-legal realities, antecedents, the particularities of migrants, their motivations, and the specific circumstances of certain groups or collectives—is a task that academia must undertake incessantly. This is because any effort is insufficient in trying to reveal the truth of situations that, in a world of fake news, post-truth, artificial intelligence, etc., often remain hidden or do not receive the required attention. The aim of this paper is to analyze and present the characteristics and situations that have occurred over the years in migrations from Europe to Latin America, a phenomenon somewhat. Italy has been chosen as the case study to understand the structural reality of migrations and the inequality that they can entail, all from the perspective of human rights.
Qualité des données hydrométriques prédites par une approche machine learning dans l’évaluation de la ressource en eau au nord de la Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: Jean-Robert Kamenan Satti , Germain Adja Miessan , Youan Ta Marc , Kouassi Amani Michel , Njeugeut Mbiafeu Amandine Carine
Published: January 2025

L'écoulement des rivières revêt un intérêt particulier dans la gestion rationnelle des ressources en eau. Son estimation permet d'évaluer quantitativement la disponibilité des ressources en eau, ainsi que de prévenir des catastrophes naturelles telles que les inondations et les sécheresses. Ces estimations, généralement effectuées à l'aide de méthodes statistiques d'apprentissage automatique, sont parfois biaisées, entraînant des écarts par rapport aux observations in situ. Ainsi, cette étude a pour objectif  d'evaluer la qualité des données de débit de la rivière Bagoé prédites par des réseaux neuronaux, afin d'aider les décideurs dans leurs projets de développement durable. Pour ce faire, deux modèles basés sur des réseaux neuronaux ont été développés pour prévoir les variations des débits mensuels de la rivière Bagoé aux instants t et t+3 respectivement. Les modèles sont validés en utilisant le critère de Nash (%), le coefficient de corrélation de Pearson (R), le rapport du débit maximal et le critère de robustesse. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les modèles neuronaux développés expliquent plus de 82 % des débits mensuels de la rivière Bagoé. Ces derniers varient respectivement de 0,002 m3s-1 à 300,12 m3s-1, avec une moyenne de 31,10 m3s-1 en calibration, et de 0,002 m3s-1 à 243,32 m3s-1, avec une moyenne de 31,29 m3s-1 en validation. Cependant, des décalages dans des débits extrêmes ont été observés à la fois en calibration et en validation.
River flow is of particular interest in the rational management of water resources. Their estimation enables quantitative assessment of water resource availability, as well as anticipation of natural disasters such as floods and droughts. These estimates, generally made using statistical methods or machine learning, are sometimes biased, resulting in variations that differ from those observed in situ. This study aims to evaluate the quality of flow data predicted by neural networks for the Bagoé River to support sustainable development planning. To achieve this, two neural network-based models were developed to forecast variations in monthly flows in the Bagoé River at time t and time t+3 respectively. The models are validated using the Nash criterion (%), Pearson's correlation coefficient (R), the maximum flow ratio and the robustness criterion. The results obtained indicate that the neural models developed expressed more than 82% of the monthly flows of the Bagoé River. These ranged respectively from 0.002 m3s-1 to 300.12 m3s-1, with an average of 31.10 m3s-1 in calibration, and 0.002 m3s-1 to 243.32 m3s-1, with an average of 31.29 m3s-1 in validation. However, some shifts in extreme flows were observed in both calibration and validation.
Management of Ectopic Pregnancies at the Community University Hospital Center (CUHC) in Bangui, Central African Republic
Authors: Songo-Kette Gbekere Thibaut Boris Clavaire , Koirokpi Alida , Kogboma Wongo Rose de Lima , Paule Serdouma Candy Marie , Heya Imbatia Severin Saturnin , Ngbale Norbert Richard , Sepou Abdoulaye
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is an obstetrical emergency that affects women in the first trimester of pregnancy. We decided to find out more about the care of these women. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study over a period of 6 months, from  November 1st, 2022 to  April 29th, 2023, covering both operated patients and medically treated for EP at the Community University Hospital Center (CUHC). Results: During this period, we recorded 103 cases of ectopic pregnancy out of 1659 deliveries,  representing a frequency of 6.2%. Patients under 35 years old were the most represented (88.3%). The majority of our patients had reached secondary school (54.4%) and were multiparous (33%). The gestational age of 8 – 12 weeks was the most affected during the consultation. Conclusion: Radical surgery remains the most used therapeutic method with 84.2% of cases in our study. Ectopic pregnancy is an extreme obstetrical emergency of the first trimester that requires adequate care. The best treatment is primary prevention by avoiding risk factors.
Effet de l’incorporation de concentré alimentaire industriel dans la ration de poulet de souche locale dans la commune de Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Kouadio Kouakou Parfait , Soro Soronikpoho , Kouakou Fokoua Kessia Irène , Soro Kouhana
Published: January 2025

Des concentrés alimentaires industriels sont développés par des firmes pour améliorer la production de volaille moderne ignorant celle de l’élevage traditionnelle. Les concentrés alimentaires ne peuvent-ils pas être aussi aider à améliorer l’alimentation et la productivité de la volaille traditionnelle. Cette étude vise à rechercher une amélioration de l’alimentation et la productivité des poulets de souche locale par l’incorporation de concentré industriel dans leur ration. Ainsi, pour réaliser cette étude une bande de 80 poussins de souche locale, âgés de 4 semaines ont été répartis en deux lots. Le lot 1 était nourri avec l’aliment témoin et le lot 2 avec l’aliment incorporé de concentré industriel. Ils ont été conduits durant une période de 8 semaines. L’indice de consommation, la masse moyenne, le gain moyen quotidien, le taux de mortalité des sujets, la température et le taux d’humidité du bâtiment ont été étudiés. À douze semaines d’élevage, les poulets ont enregistré un indice de consommation moyenne de 3,92 ± 1,88 et 5,1 ± 2, 01 respectivement pour le lot 1 (témoin) et le lot 2. Une masse moyenne de 227,5 ± 3,9 g pour le lot 2 et 217,83 ± 4,1g pour le lot 1 (témoin) ont été obtenues. Aucune mortalité des sujets n’a été enregistrée. Les performances de croissance obtenues permettent de déduire que l’incorporation du concentré alimentaire industriel dans le maïs pour nourrir le poulet de souche locale permet d’améliorer la production.
Industrial feed concentrates are developed by firms to improve modern poultry production ignoring that of traditional breeding. Can't feed concentrates also help improve the feeding and productivity of traditional poultry? This study aims to seek an improvement in the feeding and productivity of local breed chickens by incorporating industrial concentrate into their ration. Thus, to carry out this study, a group of 80 local breed chicks aged 4 weeks were divided into two batches. Batch 1 was fed with the control feed and batch 2 with the feed incorporated with industrial concentrate. They were raised for a period of 8 weeks. The consumption index, growth, average daily gain, mortality rate of the subjects, and temperature and humidity level of the building were studied. At twelve weeks of breeding, the chickens recorded an average feed conversion index of 3.92 ± 1.88 and 5.1 ± 2.01 respectively for batch 1 (control) and batch 2. An average weight of 227.5 ± 3.9 g for batch 2 and 217.83 ± 4.1 g for batch 1 (control) were obtained. No mortality of the subjects was recorded. The growth performances obtained allow us to deduce that the incorporation of industrial feed concentrates into corn to feed local chickens improves production.
Enhancing Learning Outcomes and Creative Thinking through Project-Based Learning Modules in Fourth Grades
Authors: Satria Tio Gusti , Sapriya Sapriya , Sa’ud Udin Syaefudin , Riyana Cepi , Syamsijulianto Tri , Helandri Joni
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to determine the improvement of learning outcomes and creative thinking through project-based learning modules in fourth graders. The research method used was a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were fourth-grade students from an Islamic elementary school in Lubuklinggau city with a population of as many as two classes with a random sampling technique and obtained class IVA. The research instrument used was an objective test consisting of 10 essay questions with material on cultural diversity, local wisdom, history, and culture, and rubrics to assess students' creative thinking skills, including fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Based on the hypothesis testing on the cognitive aspect of learning outcomes using the t-test, it shows a significant impact on students' learning outcomes in classes that use project-based learning models in IPAS learning with an increase in the difference score of 24.77. Creative thinking skills, assessed based on the rubric for assessing students' creative thinking skills, showed that there was a significant development of student's creative thinking skills in classes that used a significant project-based learning model with an increase in the difference score of 17.32, at the basic stages of development that occurred in the preparation, implementation, and presentation of results from not creative (level 1) to creative (level 2). The implications of this study extend to future research to support the improvement of students' learning outcomes and creative thinking skills.
Students Thinking Processes in Generalizing Patterns Based on The Personality of RIASEC Holland Theory
Authors: Bariyah Nusrotul , Dahlan Jarnawi Afgani , Nti Seth Junior
Published: January 2025

Generalizing patterns is a fundamental mathematical skill with widespread applications. However, only 7.1% of students demonstrate high proficiency in generalizing patterns, indicating significant challenges in identifying and applying rules. This study explores the thinking processes of students who succeed and fail in generalizing linear patterns, analyzed through the lens of Holland's RIASEC personality model. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through pattern generalization tests, RIASEC questionnaires, and interviews conducted with seven junior high school students in Bandung, selected based on communication skills and varied personality types. The findings reveal that students with investigative personalities are most successful, exhibiting critical thinking and problem-solving abilities aligned with pattern generalization tasks. In contrast, unsuccessful students predominantly rely on numerical data or recursive strategies without effectively connecting visual configurations. This research identifies three distinct thinking processes: focusing solely on numerical data, combining numerical data with operational adjustments, and refining generalizations using visual patterns. The study underscores the importance of leveraging visual aids and trial-and-error methods in teaching pattern generalization. Differentiated instruction, tailored to students’ cognitive and personality traits, is recommended to address diverse learning needs and enhance mathematics education quality. This study contributes to understanding the interplay between personality and cognitive strategies in mathematical problem-solving. It also emphasizes the necessity for inclusive teaching strategies that cater to varied student profiles to foster success in generalizing patterns and developing essential mathematical skills
PERANCANGAN USER INTERFACE WEBSITE SISTEM PENGELOLAAN KURIKULUM UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN USER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Neng Ayu Herawati  , Widodo  , Hamidillah Ajie
Published: January 2025

Kualitas kurikulum akan mempengaruhi proses berjalannya pendidikan dan luaran proses pendidikan, oleh karena itu dalam penyusunannya diperlukan proses pengelolaan kurikulum yang matang untuk menghasilkan kurikulum yang baik, namun saat ini belum adanya sistem pengelolaan kurikulum di UNJ, maka sistem pengelolaan kurikulum UNJ diperlukan, namun belum ada rancangan User interface (UI) pada sistem pengelolaan kurikulum di UNJ yang mempertimbangkan karakteristik penggunanya, oleh karena itu penelitian ini terfokus pada perancangan UI dengan pendekatan User experience (UX). Hasil dari perancangan UI yaitu prototype dalam bentuk high-fidelity prototype yang dibangun menggunakan framework ReactJs dengan metode The Wheel. Setelah menghasilkan UI, selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian Usability Testing menggunakan metode pengujian Think Aloud dengan jenis Concurrent Think Aloud. Hasil dari pengujian tersebut didapat respon pengguna secara keseluruhan dominan positif dengan tingkat persentase keberhasilan task secara keseluruhan adalah 99,160% Maka berdasarkan aspek usability seluruh task sudah mendapatkan hasil yang baik.
The Forgotten Allure in Ottoman Archives: Tracing the Bengal’s Financial Solidarity to Ottoman Wars, 1911-1913
Authors: Fuad Abdur Rahman , Polat Murat
Published: January 2025

This research examines the historical tapestry of Bengal’s charitable campaign for Ottoman soldiers and refugees during the Balkan and Tripoli Wars (1911-1913). The study meticulously explores how money flow occurred through various factors, such as banks, individuals, and the Ottman Red Crescent Society, highlighting these transactions' complex and diverse nature. This topic is significant as it sheds light on a lesser-known aspect of history and underscores the enduring relevance of archival and historical research.
The research uses archival resources and historical methods to reconsider forgotten narratives. It focuses on the economic dynamics that shaped this financial solidarity. As the investigation unfolds, it uncovers challenges associated with financial receipts, providing valuable insights into the intricacies of historical financial networks. In essence, “the forgotten allure” contributes to our understanding of Bengal’s financial aid to the Ottomans and highlights the enduring relevance of archival and historical research in unravelling the hidden threads of historical connections.
Amerikan Misyoner Okullarındaki Eğitim Sisteminin Ermeni Meselesine Etkileri [Bitlis İstasyonu Örneği]
Authors: Özdağ Suat
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmada, Amerikalı misyonerlerin okullarında uyguladıkları eğitim sistemi ve faaliyetle-rinin Ermeni Milliyetçiliğine etkisi ele alınmıştır. Osmanlı genelinde ve Bitlis özelinde ele alınan bu konu ayrıntılı bir şekilde okuyucuya sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Üç ana bölümden oluşan bu çalışmanın amacı Amerikalı misyonerler tarafından açılan eğitim kurumlarının çalışma sistemi, müfredatı, okutulan dersler, okullarda öğretilen lisanlar ve misyonerlerin gizli emellerini bu kurumlar aracılığı ile nasıl gerçekleştirdiklerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışmada misyonerlerin verdiği eğitim ve yaptığı faaliyetler sonucunda Ermeni milliyetçili-ğinin nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve bu milli duyguların ayaklanmaya dönüşerek Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı bağımsızlık mücadelesine evrildiğini Bitlis özelinde açıklamaya çalıştık. Çalışma, geniş bir literatür taraması yapıldıktan sonra Osmanlı Arşivi ve ABCFM Arşivi (Archive is in Houghton Library of Harvard ve Mount Holyoke and Hampshire College Archives) belgeleri temel alınarak, bu konuda yazılmış tezler, makaleler, kitaplar ve diğer yayınlar kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmada misyoner okullarına ait eğitim sistemi ve müfredatı ile ilgili verilen ayrıntılı bilgilerin alana katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Analysis of overturning stability of a historic cemetery entrance structure
Authors: Kadima Lukanu Lwa Nzambi Aaron , Ramam Oliveira Denio , Picanço Marcelo , Fernandes Robson , Norat Roseane , Sanjad Thais
Published: January 2025

This study assessed the safety against overturning of an old entrance structure located at the entrance of Lady of Solitude Cemetery (1850) in Belém do Pará/Brazil. A non-destructive technique using ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to map the existing foundation and the assessment was made by analyzing the action of load on its centroid and comparing the results of the net allowable capacity of the soil with the maximum pressure exerted at the base of the foundation, also, comparing the moment resistance and the overturning moment in terms of the minimum safety factor required. The GPR results revealed the type of shallow foundation with a depth of 1 m; while the geotechnical results showed that there was no tension in contact with the base. The position of the centroid within the column kern resulted in a safety factor 10 times greater than the minimum recommended value.
Technology Focus: Mature Fields and Well Revitalization (January 2025)
Authors: Sikandar A. Shahbaz
Published: January 2025

What mature fields typically have in abundance are well, reservoir, and surface data. This data may be sporadic and of questionable quality but allows for valuable integration, corroboration, and multiple layers of quality checks before establishing any conclusions on revitalization performance metrics, targets for drilling, and estimates of reserves.

From the papers reviewed, a spectrum of case studies addresses how practitioners are taking on the challenge of extending economic life and revitalization of mature fields through better understanding of the subsurface and adapting existing techniques and technologies in innovative ways.

Targeted use of rate transient modeling has led to an elegant well-data-based understanding for ascertaining reasons for a lower-than-expected benchmarked recovery factor; mapping drainage areas and boundaries; and comparing well performances, allowing for low-cost and rigorous yet reasonably high-confidence outcomes. This can then be corroborated with any independent full-field, local, or well-modeling approach.

There is a niche of modeling-focused workflows that allows for larger reservoir- and field-level uncertainties to be entertained in mapping the remaining oil. Such practices have been around in the shape of map-based exercises for locating the remaining oil, but the introduction of time-saving and efficient algorithms that integrate reservoir physics with statistics now can provide confidence levels in the maps of unswept and undrained hydrocarbons.

At the larger scale of mature field opportunities, giant-fields revitalization projects provide an opportunity to start over to gain economically viable solutions. Given the specific challenges at hand, new technologies across well design, subsea, processing, and export infrastructure all are available to provide testimony to engineering innovation.

In all the cases selected to showcase mature field and well revitalization, the key is to allow diverse teams to pilot ideas before expanding them to large-scale applications. Success can come from nonlinear ideas, and that makes working with large and diverse data so rewarding and beneficial.
Technology Focus: Data Science, Analytics, and Artificial Intelligence (January 2025)
Authors: Ramcharitar Kamlesh
Published: January 2025

Almost every day, petroleum engineers are coming to realize that they’ve got an arsenal of good ideas on how to leverage large, messy data sets to add value to their businesses. Those who have enlisted in the Analytics Army have progressed from siloed digitalization attempts to well-concerted digital transformation strategies that reflect high levels of organizational digital maturity.

Paper SPE 220686 hits an undeniable sweet spot for production and reservoir engineers, using an array of machine-learning methods to accurately predict real-time well status. Practicality here is evident, because only widely available surface-measured pressures, temperatures, and choke-valve positions are used to classify online and offline well status. The 99% accuracy levels achieved represent a boon not only for those interested in more-reliable rate allocation but also for well-integrity and flow-assurance applications.

With ever-increasing data acquisition volumes, data-labeling and categorization problems increase in lockstep. After all, how well can your luggage be found without proper tagging? Anyone remember the 2022 summer of lost luggage? The value proposition of paper SPE 218865 is clear, using a combination of natural language processing for coiled tubing operations reports and pattern recognition of multimodal job data to automatically label the job types and technologies used. A myriad of other cases spring to mind for repurposing the solution to transform current onerous processes of metadata generation.

In the aftermath of the explosion in popularity of all things generative artificial intelligence, paper SPE 217671 steals the limelight. This paper exploits good data foundations by painting a roadmap to building your own drilling chatbot adviser. Compared with other generalized large language models, the zero-shot learning technique allows the chatbot to answer queries for drilling domain-specific knowledge that it hasn’t explicitly “seen.” The authors have even publicized the training data sets collated from the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate to enable quick and relatively inexpensive replication.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

URTeC 4045912 Using Machine Learning To Automate Fracture-Driven-Interaction Analysis by Reid Thompson, Momentum AI, et al.

SPE 220833 Preliminary Research on Applications of Large Language Models in the Exploration and Production Industry by X.G. Zhou, PetroChina, et al.

SPE 220714 Automated Well and Reservoir Management Using Hybrid Physics and Data-Driven Models—Case Study by Azreen Mustafa, Hess Corporation, et al.
Histopathological Patterns of Cervical Cancer Among Females Presenting to a Pathology Core Reference Laboratory in Kampala, Uganda. A 5-year Review
Authors: Moses Mwanja , Fred Lopwonya
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally, with an estimated 604 000 new cases and 342 000 deaths in 2020, about 90% of these occur in low- and middle-income countries, having highest rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in Ugandan women with estimated 6959 new cases and 4607 deaths in 2020. The histopathological differentiation of cervical cancer is a major determinant in treatment options and prognosis of disease. However, there is a paucity of data regarding this in Uganda. The study aimed to determine the histopathological pattern of cervical cancer among females presenting to Makerere university pathology core reference laboratory.
Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study employing the use of quantitative methods of data collection was conducted within Makerere university pathology core reference laboratory. The study obtained information on patients who had a cervical cancer diagnosis by histology from 2017 to 2021. The data was descriptively analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: A total of 120 patients from 2017 to 2021 were recruited into the study. The mean age of the patients was 47.5 (SD 13.1), the youngest patient was 21 and the oldest was 80 years. Cervical cancer was more prevalent in women aged between 35 to 54 years 77(64.2%) and women with HIV infection 26(21.7%). Squamous cell carcinoma present in 102 (85%) patients was the most prevalent pattern of cervical cancer. This was followed by adenocarcinoma 7(5.8%) and adenosquamous 5(4.2%) histological patterns of cervical cancer.
Conclusions: Cervical cancer is predominant among women with HIV and women aged 35-55 years. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent pattern of cervical cancer in Uganda present in every 9 out of 10 patients. Routine screening of all HIV positive women and women aged 35 and above is recommended.
A tryptophol-containing emulgel ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice by decreasing the expression of JAK/STAT pathway members
Authors: Pudgerd Arnon , Jongsomchai Kamonwan , Muangkaew Watcharamat , Phuapittayalert Laorrat , Jamsuwan Sataporn , Chanmanee Teera , Vanichviriyakit Rapeepun , Sukphopetch Passanesh
Published: January 2025

Psoriasis is a chronic skin inflammatory disease that involves the IL-23/IL-17 axis. The disease is characterized by severe inflammation, prominent epidermal hyperplasia, scaling and erythema. Tryptophol (TOH) is a quorum-sensing molecule that has anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of a TOH-containing emulgel to alleviate imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis in mice. The results revealed that the TOH-containing emulgel decreased the pathological score of the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Together with the suppression of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, the TOH-containing emulgel alleviated hyperkeratosis and downregulated the expression of K10, K6, K16, K17 and involucrin. Moreover, reduced mast cell infiltration was observed, along with the downregulation of ST2 and IL-33 expression in the mouse skin lesions. CD4+ cell infiltration was reduced, and decreased levels of IL-17A and IL-23 in both the serum and psoriatic skin lesions were associated with reduced activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Additionally, the TOH-containing emulgel suppressed systemic inflammation in the axillary lymph nodes; alleviated IMQ-induced splenomegaly; downregulated the expression of TNFα, IL-1 and IL-6 in the splenic and lymph node tissues; and reduced the serum levels of TNFα and IL-1β. This study revealed that a TOH-containing emulgel attenuates IMQ-induced inflammation in psoriatic mice and presents a novel therapeutic approach for this condition.
Conservation and management strategies of Rhododendron sohayakiense var. koreanum using genetic diversity and structure
Authors: Nam Hyun-Kyeong , Kim Joon-Hyeok , Woo Kwan-Soo
Published: January 2025

Rhododendron sohayakiense var. koreanum is a shrub belonging to the Ericaceae family, found on the rocky summits of mountains above 1,000 meters in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. As a subalpine plant, it is vulnerable to the effects of climate change, making it a priority species for monitoring. This study was conducted to conserve and manage the genetic diversity of R. sohayakiense var. koreanum. A total of 270 individuals from 8 populations across its range were analyzed using 11 microsatellite markers. The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.486, the mean expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.538, and the differentiation among populations (FST) was 0.248. The genetic diversity of the populations was similar to plants vulnerable to climate change, and due to their isolated distribution and insect-pollinated plant, genetic differentiation among populations was high. Bayesian clustering showed that the 8 populations were grouped into 4 clusters, and this result was also supported by Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and the dendrogram. Considering the clustering results and the genetic diversity of each population, Mt. Baegun and Mt. Sambong were selected as in situ conservation populations. The estimated effective population sizes of two selected populations are 43 and 17, respectively, which are fewer than the minimum population size (50) required to prevent inbreeding. Therefore, Forest Genetic Resource Reserves should be established to preserve as many native R. sohayakiense var. koreanum as possible in each region to avoid reducing the effective population size and inbreeding. Additionally, for the genetic diversity conservation and management of the two population, monitoring should be conducted with a minimum distance of 34 m between individuals for Mt. Baegun and 26 m for Mt. Sambong, ensuring that genetically similar individuals are minimally included.
Freshwater from Antarctica mitigates the risk of an AMOC slowdown
Authors: Knight Jacob , Condron Alan
Published: January 2025

Numerical models have repeatedly shown that accelerating ice melt from Greenland can cause a slowdown in AMOC, with profound effects on Northern Hemisphere temperatures and precipitation patterns1–3. The impacts of Antarctic meltwater on AMOC and climate are less well documented, especially when considered in tandem with freshwater forcing from Greenland. Here we show that increased Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) meltwater can mitigate an AMOC slowdown caused by meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). In our model, a GIS freshwater discharge of 3000 Gt/yr (~ 0.1 Sv; Sv = 106 m3/s) is sufficient to weaken the AMOC by up to 10 Sv. However, only a slightly higher discharge of 5000 Gt/yr (0.16 Sv) from the AIS entirely avoids this GIS meltwater-induced AMOC slowdown. These effects are driven by interhemispheric processes linked to the Bipolar Seesaw and operate on decadal timescales. Our results show that despite accelerating ice sheet melt contributing to global sea level rise, a faster rate of ice loss from Antarctica could prevent a future AMOC slowdown triggered by increased meltwater from Greenland.
Elicitation of the Himalayan Toothache Relieving Tree (Zanthoxylum armatum DC .): Enhancing Secondary Metabolites in In vitro Shoot Cultures
Authors: Agnihotri Saumya , Dobhal Preeti , Mishra Sumit , Rautela Inder Singh , Agnihotri Divya , Tamta Sushma
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of various elicitors on the production of secondary metabolites in the "Himalayan Toothache Relieving Tree" (Zanthoxylum armatum DC.) using in vitro shoot cultures. Five elicitors—Proline (50, 100, and 200 mg/L), Salicylic acid (50, 100, and 200 mg/L), salt (50, 100, and 200 mg/L), sucrose (0, 20, 40, and 60 g/L), and pH levels (4.0 and 8.0)—were tested on nodal segments. The MS medium fortified with 40 g/L sucrose yielded the best results, achieving the highest average shoot length (6.91 ± 0.50 cm) and leaf number (14.56 ± 1.69). Conversely, the least growth was observed with 100 mg/L salicylic acid. No rooting was detected in any treatment. In vitro plant materials were analyzed for total phenolics, flavonoids, tannin content, and antioxidant activity using DPPH, FRAP, and MCA assays. Additionally, GC-MS and HPLC analyses revealed that elicitor treatments significantly enhanced the accumulation of secondary metabolites and led to the synthesis of novel phytochemicals. Notably, elicited microshoots exhibited increased levels of compounds like Tetratetracontane, Phytol, Fargesin, and (+)-Sesamin compared to controls. These findings suggest that elicitation is a viable method to boost the production of valuable secondary metabolites in Z. armatum, potentially benefiting other medicinal plants as well.