bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of cadmium contamination on brain glial cells: consequences and bioindication possibilities
Authors: Nedzvetsky V. S. , Gasso V. Ya. , Hahut A. M. , Hasso I. A.
Published: January 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that currently presents in almost all components of the environment. Cd is a ubiquitous pollutant that is constantly entering the environment from industry and agriculture, mining, forest fires and many more sources. Some occupational diseases have aftereffects associated with Cd cytotoxicity. Despite long-term studies of the toxic effects of Cd, its cytotoxicity of low doses and the chronic effects on the nerve tissue cells remain undiscovered. The results of determining the Cd neurotoxicity indicate a disturbance of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, the accumulation of Cd in the brain and the deterioration of the functional activity of the central nervous system. One of the main cellular targets for Cd in the brain are astrocytes. Astrocytes provide nutrition and functional activity of neurons, as well as recovery of physical and metabolic damage. The cytoskeleton of astrocytes is built of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). GFAP participates in important functions of astrocytes and its condition reflects the astrocytes reactivity. The molecular mechanisms of the neurotoxic effects of Cd on the glial cytoskeleton remain unknown. Glioblastomas are widely used to study the cytotoxic mechanisms of various compounds, including heavy metals, as cellular models of astrocytes. Taking into account the role of oxidative stress in a cell damage, as well as the reactive response of glial cells, we study the influence of low doses of Cd on oxidative stress and expression of GFAP and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in U373GM cells. Doses of 2-10 μM Cd induced a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products. The same doses inhibited the expression of the cytoskeletal marker of astrocytes (GFAP) and metabolic marker of glucose utilization (G6PD). The obtained results indicate a pronounced cytotoxic effect of low doses of Cd in the astrocytic cell model U373GM. In addition, the astroglial cytotoxicity of Cd may be mediated by oxidative damage, inhibition of glial intermediate filament expression, and glucose utilization disorders. These parameters can be promising biomarkers of toxic effects both for the assessment of human and animal health and for determining the state of the environment as a whole.
Democracia e autoritarismo
Authors: Salvetti Esio Francisco , Carbonari Paulo César
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma visão crítica da democracia contemporânea. Acontecimentos atuais demonstram a vigênciade nuances características do autoritarismoque corrói as bases da democracia. Permanecerá como pano de fundo deste artigo o seguinte questionamento: a defesa da democracia e do direito é suficiente para assegurar os direitos humanos (e fundamentais), ainda mais profundamente, para garantir a vida de todos/as? Para responder a essa questão dar-se-á destaque a três aspectos: de que há vidas matáveis; de que há relação perversa entre democracia e autoritarismo e de que o estado de exceção está vigente. A civilização e a barbárie, a democracia e o autoritarismo, a justiça e a violência, já não constituem contraditórios, parecem estar vinculados ao sabor dos interesses e das salvaguardas dos que herdam o triunfo do progresso e já não desenvolvem sequer empatia ou tolerância com o que e os/as que, os/as quem, se lhes opuserem.
A Justiça e o problema da obediência a uma lei injusta – uma análise comparativa das teorias de Rawls e Dworkin
Authors: Lima Andrei Ferreira de Araújo , Weber Thadeu
Published: January 2021

A possibilidade de se tolerar um desobediente civil é parte integrante, para muitos autores, do próprio conceito de Estado Democrático de Direito. Porém, a fundamentação e os limites da referida desobediência é matéria controversa, mormente quanto à possibilidade de infringir uma lei com fulcro na objeção de consciência. A discussão central, portanto, permeia a incorporação ou não da objeção de consciência como um fundamento válido para a desobediência civil. Percebe-se, a partir deste debate, que questões morais e legais poderão entrar em conflito e os limites da desobediência dependerão da fundamentação e da justificação tanto filosófica quanto jurídica. Frente à vasta e complexa gama de autores que trabalham o tema, optou-se, no presente ensaio, pela análise crítica e comparativa das teorias de John Rawls e Ronald Dworkin, que divergem exatamente no ponto acima descrito. O primeiro, alicerçado em sua teoria da justiça
como equidade, promove o entendimento procedimental da desobediência civil fundamentada em princípios políticos publicamente aceitos, excluindo questões morais. O segundo, por seu turno, entende que em toda regra há um conteúdo moral, passível, portanto, de desobediência com fulcro na objeção de consciência. Tendo em vista a referida dicotomia entre princípios morais e princípios políticos, busca-se verificar se a teoria de Rawls impõe um caráter exageradamente restritivo ou se a compreensão de Dworkin traduz comportamentos estatais excessivamente tolerantes. O presente artigo se justifica pela influência decisiva que ambos os autores têm desempenhado no que se refere à fundamentação da desobediência civil, principalmente no debate em relação às doutrinas liberais de justiça.
Verificacionismo, Expressivismo, Inferencialismo
Authors: Silva Marcos
Published: January 2021

O artigo aplica tópicos do inferencialismo semântico de Brandom para iluminar o verificacionismo do Wittgenstein Intermediário, como o papel expressivista da negação, o holismo semântico do inferencialismo e a não-redutibilidade de relações conceituais de incompatibilidade em termos de relações puramente formais. Para tanto, introduz uma leitura normativa do problema da exclusão de cores e do seu impacto no meio notacional tractariano como motivação para o verificacionismo e suas relações com o inferencialismo e o expressivismo. Finalizo mostrando que o poder expressivo de tabelas de verdade pode ser aumentado a partir de mutilações sistemáticas de suas linhas.
Da ação à emancipação: o uso do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem do GeoGebra no contexto da educação popular
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Sychocki da , Franzen Thor
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo versa sobre uma pesquisa de característica qualitativa realizada no ano de 2019 com uma turma do pré-vestibular popular Dandara dos Palmares, sediado no Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) em Porto Alegre. A produção dos dados ocorreu na forma da aplicação de uma proposta didática presencial no laboratório de informática da instituição, aonde os participantes exploraram atividades sobre funções afins e funções quadráticas fazendo uso de um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem e também fizeram o preenchimento de dois questionários. Utilizamos como fundamentação teórica estudos e autores que apresentam as ideias da Educação Popular e sobre o uso das tecnologias digitais em sala de aula na perspectiva da formação de professores. A análise mostrada no presente artigo centra-se nos dados apresentados nos questionários, os quais demonstram por parte dos participantes da pesquisa uma valorização do uso das tecnologias no percurso de aprendizagem. Entende-se assim, que ao fazer uso das tecnologias em atividades didático-pedagógicas na Educação Popular os estudantes tornam-se os principais agentes no processo de aprendizagem.
Diversity and distribution of palms (Arecaceae) in Assam, India
Authors: Mehmud Selim , Roy Himu
Published: January 2021

We present new information on the diversity and distribution of palms, family Arecaceae, in Assam state, India. The family is represented in the state by 44 species belonging to 19 genera. Our study is based on surveys, a literature review, and a herbarium examination. Identification keys to genera and species, diagnostic characters, vernacular names, and updated information on the distribution, flowering, and fruiting of both wild and cultivated palm species occurring in Assam are provided.
Change of concentration of biochemical markers of dysfunction of endothelium at intake of inhibitors of tyrosinekinase of I and II generations at patients with a chronic myeloid leukemia as risk factor of development of cardiovascular complications
Authors: Naumova K. V. , Davydkin I. L. , Lomaia E. G. , Stepanova T. Yu. , Kuzmina T. P. , Zammoyeva D. B.
Published: January 2021

CML), the accepting inhibitors tyrosine of kinases (TKI) I and the II generations (TKI1 and TKI2 respectively), and development of arterial hypertension.

Material and methods. Examination of 137 patients with CML in the chronic phase (CP) is conducted, the median of age — 47 years. 24 of them were with for the first time the verified diagnosis of CML and earlier did not accept TKI, they have made group of control. Other patients accepted TKI: 39 patients — imatinib 400 mg/day, 36 — dasatinib 100 mg/day, 38 — nilotinib 800 mg/day) more than 6 months. In biochemical analysis of blood indicators of lipidic range were defined. Level detection of ET-1 and VEGF was made by means of enzyme immunoassay. To all patients measurement of the heart rate (HR) and the arterial blood pressure (ABP) on both hands at an interval of 2 minutes from previous was once taken.

Results. In group of patients from CML accepting nilotinib authentically significant increase in levels of systolic and diastolic ABP (р<0,001) in comparison with group of control, with group of the patients accepting imatinib and dasatinib is noted. The most serious changes of lipidic range are noted at the patients accepting nilotinib. In all groups statistically significant increase in level of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, endothelin-1 and VEGF in comparison with group of control is revealed. The most expressed changes are found in group of the patients accepting nilotinib, values of parameters of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, endothelin-1 and VEGF are changed authentically (р<0,001) and statistically significantly differ in comparison with group for the first time of the revealed patients with CML and groups of reception of imatinib and dazatinib.

Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research endothelium variation of a function at patients from CML accepting TKI1 and TKI2 is revealed. The above-stated indicators can be used as additional diagnostic criteria for assessment of risk of development of arterial hypertension in patients with CML at reception of TKI.
Simultaneous electrocardiogram during routine electroencephalogram: arrhythmia rates through the eyes of the cardiologist
Authors: Onder Halil , Tezer Irsel , Hekimsoy Vedat , Saygi Serap
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Background: The importance of simultaneous 2-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording during routine electroencephalogram (EEG) has been reported several times on clinical grounds. Objective: To investigate arrhythmia rates detected by simultaneous 2-lead ECG in our patient sample undergoing routine EEG. Remarkably, we sought to assess the possible expansion of results with a more experienced interpretation of simultaneous ECG. Methods: Simultaneous 2-lead ECG recordings during routine EEG, performed between January and March, 2016, have been retrospectively analyzed by a cardiology specialist. In addition, EEG reports were screened with the keywords ‘arrhythmia, tachycardia, bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, extrasystole’ to evaluate the neurologist interpretation. Results: Overall, 478 routine EEG recordings were scanned. The mean age of the patients was 42.8±19.8 (16–95), with a sex ratio of 264/214 (F/M). In 80 (17%) patients, findings compatible with arrhythmia were identified on simultaneous ECG after a cardiologist's evaluation. The detected arrhythmia subtypes were: ventricular extrasystole (n=27; 5.6%), supraventricular extrasystole (n=23; 4.8%), tachycardia (n=9; 1.8%), prolonged QRS duration (n=7; 8.7%), atrial fibrillation (n=6; 1.2%), and block (n=6; 1.2%). On the other hand, keywords related to arrhythmia were present in 45 (9.4%) of EEG reports. The reported statements were tachycardia (3.3%), arrhythmia (2.5%), bradycardia (2.1%), and extrasystole (1.5%). Conclusions: A considerably high rate of arrhythmia cases was determined on simultaneous ECG during routine EEG after being interpreted by a cardiologist. However, the screening results of EEG reports revealed relatively low arrhythmia rates. These results suggest that the detection rates of ECG abnormalities during routine EEG may be potentially improved.
Saprophytic flies in impacted areas of the Belo Monte Dam, Pará, Brazil (Diptera: Mesembrinellidae, Neriidae, Ropalomeridae, and Sarcophagidae): community composition, abundance, and species richness
Authors: Queiroz Camila Lorena Damasceno , De-Souza Caroline Costa , Medeiros Hermes Fonseca de , Overal William Leslie , Viana-Junior Arleu Barbosa , Carvalho-Filho Fernando da Silva
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The present study aims to document the community composition, abundance, and species richness of saprophytic fly species (Mesembrinellidae, Neriidae, Ropalomeridae, and Sarcophagidae) of the Volta Grande region of the Xingu River, a poorly sampled area impacted by the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam. Five collecting trips were carried out between 2014 and 2016, when traps baited with fermenting bananas were used. A total of 154 specimens, three genera, and six species were collected of Mesembrinellidae; 196 specimens, three genera, and seven species of Neriidae; 272 specimens, three genera, and six species of Ropalomeridae; and 624 specimens, 22 species and 10 genera of Sarcophagidae. Species accumulation curves for all families except Sarcophagidae demonstrated a strong tendency towards stabilization, showing that sampling efforts were sufficient to record most of the targeted species. Laneela perisi (Mariluis, 1987) (Mesembrinellidae) is a new record for the state of Pará. Among Ropalomeridae, Apophorhynchus amazonensisPrado, 1966, is a new record for Pará. Among Sarcophagidae, Helicobia aurescens (Townsend, 1927) is newly recorded from the Brazilian Amazon, and Ravinia effrenata (Walker, 1861) and Titanogrypa larvicida (Lopes, 1935) are new records for Pará.
Accumulation of humic substances in an Oxisol fertilized with pig slurry for 15 years
Authors: Sacomori Wagner , Cassol Paulo C. , Mafra Maria S. H. , Erdemann Luiza F. , Almeida Jaime A. de
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT The growth of swine production in Brazil has increased the amount of production and use of pig slurry (PS) as soil fertilizer. This product provides nutrients to plants, and a continuous application of this residue usually increases total soil organic carbon (SOC) content. The objective of this study was to determine the SOC content and its distribution into humic substance fractions (humic acids, fulvic acids, and humin) in an Oxisol annually fertilized with PS for 15 years. The experiment was implemented in 2001 with a maize and oat crop rotation under no-tillage system in Campos Novos, SC, Brazil. The treatments used were: PS at rates of 0 (Control), 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 year-1, mineral fertilizer, and PS combined with mineral fertilizer, applied on the soil surface once a year. The 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm soil layers were evaluated for SOC content in the fractions humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin, and E4/E6 ratio of humic substances. Increases in PS rates up to 100 m3 ha-1 increased the SOC content in the 5-10 cm soil layer; however, decreased the proportion of the soil fulvic acid and humic acid fractions, favoring the accumulation of organic carbon in the humin fraction. The E4/E6 ratio was higher when using the soil mineral fertilizer than that found in treatments with PS.
The amazonian capim-açú is less nitrogen dependente than antelope grass to produce leaf dry matter
Authors: Araújo Ivo G. R. de , Cazetta Jairo O. , Rodrigues Rosane C. , Sanchês Sâmara S. C. , Costa Clésio dos S. , Sousa Francisco B. F. de
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT The Maranhão floodplain is dominated by native grasses like capim-açú (Paspalum plicatulum, Mich.). Due to scarce information on nutrient demands of native species, farmers are replacing native pastures by exotic and potentially invasive species such as antelope grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis, Lam). The aim of this study was to compare the growth of capim-açú and antelope grass, under varying N and K doses, to better understand the potential of capim-açú to be used as forage. The experiment was carried out in pots, consisting of a 2 × 5 × 2 factorial scheme (2 species × 5 N doses × 2 K doses) with four repetitions, in a completely randomized design. The N doses of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3 were combined with 10 and 30 mg dm-3 K2O. The capim-açú produces higher leaf to stem ratio aboveground by using lower nitrogen and potassium doses than antelope grass. Leaf, stalk, and total dry matter production of both studied species do not respond to potassium doses.
Exploratory analysis of trace elements in soils and plants affected by a gossan in the Semiarid
Authors: Arévalo-Hernández César O. , Nascimento Junior Adailton L. , Queiroz Arlicelio P. , Gross Eduardo , Souza Luciano da S.
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Trace elements in high concentrations are a huge problem worldwide. Monitoring of natural areas with a high concentration of these elements, such as soils under the influence of gossans, is important since there is little information available. This study aimed to evaluate the pseudo total and available concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in the soil and its accumulation in native and cultivated plants in the area under the influence of gossan in the Semiarid region in Brazil. Soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected in the North, South, and center areas of the gossan and five transections separated by 1000 m. The pseudo total (EPA3050A) and available concentration (DTPA, Mehlich) of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined. In the same points, plant samples were collected and processed to determine the concentration and bioconcentration factor of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn. Soils under the influence of the gossan had high Pb and Zn concentration (exceeding soil reference values), indicating that care should be taken in these areas to prevent any risk for the local community. Plants showed different accumulation patterns, with a higher accumulation of trace elements in the shoot (Fe, Mn, Zn), while Pb was primarily accumulated in the roots. Even though soil concentrations were high, plants showed in general, low bioconcentration factor of the potentially toxic elements, except for Zn, indicating that soil conditions limit their availability.
Reducing sugarcane irrigation demand through planting date adjustment in Alagoas State, Brazil
Authors: Resende Ronaldo S. , Nascimento Thais , Carvalho Tatiane B. de , Amorim Julio R. A. , Rodrigues Lineu
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Sugarcane is both an important crop for the Brazilian Northeast economy, which faces severe water scarcity, and a water-intensive crop. Thus, it is important to develop irrigation strategies to reduce irrigation water demand in the region. This study aims to determine the sugarcane planting date that results in the maximum rainwater availability to the crop in the growing cycle. The crop effective precipitation was estimated from a soil water balance performed during three planting cycles of sugarcane, cultivar ‘RB 92579’. The crop was planted under subsurface drip irrigation in five months: October, November, December, January, and February, corresponding to the dry season period of the region. The experiment was conducted at the Açúcar e Álcool Coruripe Mill, located in the Coruripe municipality, State of Alagoas, Brazil, during the years 2012 to 2016. For all planting dates and growing cycles studied, the average effective rainy precipitation was equal to 30% of the total rainfall under irrigated conditions and 54.5% without considering the irrigation component in the soil water balance. November was the planting date that resulted in the minimum irrigation depth for the sugarcane growing cycle, with the potential irrigation water saving ranging from 5 to 129 mm.
Nutritional balance and recovery rate of macronutrients by ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under different fertilizations
Authors: Lédo Alex A. , Donato Sérgio L. R. , Aspiazú Ignacio , Silva João A. da , Brito Cleiton F. B. , Donato Paulo E. R.
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient export, nutritional balance and macronutrient recovery rate in ‘Gigante cactus pear under different fertilization doses, spacings and configurations during three production cycles. The 72 treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three repetitions, two configurations in the plots (triple and quadruple row), three spacings in the subplots (3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m; 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.16 m and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.125 m); and 12 types of fertilization in the sub-subplots (with organic, organomineral and mineral sources). Exports of nutrients are higher under fertilizers with higher nutrient supplies, regardless of source. The order of export was K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P for mineral fertilization, organic fertilization with 30 Mg ha-1 year-1 and organomineral fertilization with 30 and 60 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus NPK and PK, and it changed to K > Ca > N > Mg > P > S under organic fertilization with 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 and organomineral fertilization with 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus K. The nutrient balance after three production cycles was positive for N, P and S, negative for Ca and Mg in all fertilizations, and positive for K under mineral fertilization with 600 kg ha-1 of K2O and organomineral fertilization with 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus 600 kg ha-1 of K2O. The highest recovery rates of K and the lowest recovery rates of N occur under organic fertilization.
Application of biostimulants in tomato subjected to water deficit: Physiological, enzymatic and production responses
Authors: Peripolli Mariane , Dornelles Sylvio H. B. , Lopes Sidinei J. , Tabaldi Luciane A. , Trivisiol Vinícius S. , Rubert Jaíne
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of the biostimulants Seed+ and Crop+ on physiological and production variables and on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase - SOD and guaiacol peroxidase - POD) in tomato plants subjected to two soil water conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a 2 x 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with two times of application of the biostimulants (flowering and fruiting), two soil water conditions (50 and 100% of soil water holding capacity) and six biostimulants (control treatment; Seed+; Seed+ + Crop+ 1x; Seed+ + Crop+ 2x; Crop+ 1x; + Crop+ 2x). The exprimental design was completely randomized, with four repetitions. The biostimulants Seed+ and Crop+ increased the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), regardless of the time of application and water condition of the soil. The biostimulants Seed+ + Crop+ 2x and Crop+ 2x stood out in the pre-morning period, with an average Fv/Fm of 0.813, under the conditions tested. The highest SOD activity (372.12 U mg-1 of protein) was obtained with Crop+ 2x biostimulant in fruiting and under water deficit. For POD, when under water deficit, the best results were obtained with the biostimulants Seed+ + Crop+ 2x, Crop+ 1x and Crop+ 2x in flowering (810.94; 691.19 and 921.59 U mg-1 protein) and in fruiting (703.60; 800.00 and 972.62 U mg-1 protein). Thus, the use of Seed+ and Crop+ biostimulants can be an alternative to help mitigate the damage caused by water deficit in tomato crop.
Rhizobacteria inoculation in maize associated with nitrogen and zinc fertilization at sowing
Authors: Moreno Andréia de L. , Kusdra Jorge F. , Picazevicz Angelita A. C.
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Rhizobacteria have a wide range of plant growth-promoting mechanisms of action, making them an alternative and/or complementary biological input for chemical fertilizers. In this respect, the present study aimed to assess growth and nitrogen accumulation in maize plants as a function of Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, zinc and nitrogen application at sowing. The experiment with the ‘AL Bandeirante’ maize variety was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with six repetitions, considering the presence and absence of Azospirillum brasilense (5 g kg-1), Bacillus subtilis (5 mL kg-1) and zinc (20 g kg-1) in the seeds and addition or not of nitrogen (30 kg ha-1) to the soil. The variables assessed were plant height, stem diameter, leaf, stem, shoot, root and total dry weight, and shoot nitrogen content. Nitrogen fertilization in the absence of zinc increased shoot and total dry weight as well as shoot nitrogen content. Zinc applied to the seeds improved the total and stem dry weight of maize plants in the absence of Bacillus subtilis. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis increased the stem diameter and shoot nitrogen content of maize plants when nitrogen fertilization was not performed at sowing. There was no isolated or interaction effect between factors for plant height and root dry weight.
Mudanças nas condições socioeconômicas e de saúde dos brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Almeida Wanessa da Silva de , Szwarcwald Célia Landmann , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Azevedo Luiz Otávio , Romero Dália , Lima Margareth Guimarães , Damacena Giseli Nogueira , Machado Ísis Eloah , Gomes Crizian Saar , Pina Maria de Fátima de , Gracie Renata , Werneck André Oliveira , Silva Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da
Published: January 2021

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever as mudanças nas condições socioeconômicas e de saúde dos brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados de pesquisa de comportamentos realizada pela internet de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020 com 45.161 participantes recrutados por amostragem em cadeia. Foi feita uma análise descritiva de temas abordados na pesquisa: adesão às medidas de restrição social, diagnóstico do novo coronavírus, situação de trabalho e rendimentos, dificuldades nas atividades de rotina, presença de comorbidades, estado de ânimo e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Foram estimados as prevalências e os intervalos de 95% de confiança. Resultados: Aproximadamente 75% dos brasileiros aderiram à restrição social. Quanto aos sintomas de gripe, 28,1% relatou ter apresentado algum sintoma, mas apenas 5,9% realizou teste para COVID-19. Em relação à situação socioeconômica, 55,1% relatou diminuição do rendimento familiar, e 7% ficou sem rendimento; 25,8% dos indivíduos ficaram sem trabalhar, sendo o grupo de trabalhadores informais o mais afetado (50,6%). Quanto às condições de saúde, 29,4% avaliou que a sua saúde piorou; 45% teve problemas no sono, 40% apresentou, frequentemente, sentimento de tristeza e 52,5% de ansiedade/nervosismo; 21,7% procurou serviço de saúde e, entre estes, 13,9% não conseguiu atendimento. Conclusão: Os achados mostram a importância do controle da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, para mitigar os efeitos adversos na situação socioeconômica e nas condições de saúde relacionados às medidas de restrição social.
Incidência e tendência temporal de acidentes de trabalho na indústria têxtil e de confecção: análise de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre 2008 e 2017
Authors: Menegon Lizandra da Silva , Menegon Fabrício Augusto , Maeno Maria , Kupek Emil
Published: January 2021

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar a incidência e a tendência temporal dos acidentes de trabalho típicos na indústria têxtil e de confecção de Santa Catarina no período de 2008 a 2017. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo baseado nos dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS). A tendência temporal foi analisada por meio do cálculo da mudança média anual e da regressão logística. Resultados: Houve tendência de queda na incidência de acidentes de trabalho em Santa Catarina no período estudado (8,8%). Observaram-se as maiores taxas de acidentes no ano de 2008 entre homens (12,6%), trabalhadores com faixa de idade entre 40 e 49 anos (6,7%), negros (7,4%), pessoas com menos de 12 anos de estudo (5,0%), com remuneração média de 3 a 7 salários mínimos (7,0%), com até quatro anos de tempo de emprego (6,9%), trabalhadores da fabricação de produtos têxteis (10,3%), estabelecimentos de médio porte (100 a 499 trabalhadores) (7,9%) e nas regiões da Grande Florianópolis (7,0%) e Vale do Itajaí (6,8%). Conclusões: O risco de acidente de trabalho típico caiu significativamente ao longo do período. Contudo futuros estudos são necessários para analisar novas relações que possam apontar outros fatores associados. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para subsidiar ações de prevenção, promoção, proteção e reabilitação da saúde dos trabalhadores desse setor produtivo.
Weed infestations in soybean grown in succession to cropping systems with sorghum and cover plants
Authors: Sodré Filho Joilson , Carmona Ricardo , Marchão Robélio Leandro , Carvalho Arminda Moreira de
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of sorghum and cover plant cropping systems before soybean cultivation on the occurrence of weeds during soybean growing in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The treatments comprised six cropping systems before soybean: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha), and Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis) as cover plants, alone or intercropped, in addition to fallowing. Weeds were evaluated as to: density, dry matter mass, diversity, importance value, and similarity. The greatest similarity of weeds ocurred in single crops of sorghum, palisade grass, and Congo grass, in comparison with their intercroppings. Congo grass before soybean promoted a greater reduction in weed diversity overtime, when compared with palisade grass. The absence of cover crops before soybean cultivation increased weed infestation during the soybean cycle. The cropping systems with sorghum intercropped with cover crops before the soybean cultivation affect the diversity and the importance value of weed species.
Caracterização reológica de pasta cimentícia: associação de técnicas complementares
Authors: Betioli Andrea Murillo , John Vanderley Moacyr , Gleize Philippe Jean Paul , Pileggi Rafael Giuliano
Published: January 2021

Resumo A adaptabilidade a diferentes tipos de materiais (concretos, argamassas, fibrocimento, etc.) e aplicações (injeção, bombeamento, spray, extrusão, etc.) é essencial para utilização de materiais à base de cimento. Cada material ou sistema de aplicação demanda um conjunto de características específicas da pasta fluida. Portanto, um ensaio adequado para avaliar o comportamento reológico destes materiais deve identificar todas as propriedades requeridas para cada situação. A maior dificuldade está na obtenção de uma única técnica capaz de simular todas as situações simultaneamente. Como alternativa, este trabalho propôs avaliar o comportamento reológico de uma pasta de cimento por uma associação de técnicas reológicas, tais como: reometrias rotacionais tradicionais de fluxo e oscilação e, um método menos explorado, o squeeze-flow. Os resultados mostraram que uma única técnica não é capaz de determinar as propriedades reológicas fundamentais nem de simular todas as solicitações que os materiais podem sofrer durante sua mistura, transporte e aplicação. Técnicas complementares foram necessárias, permitindo assim identificar o comportamento da pasta de cimento sob diferentes solicitações.
Integrated Offline and Online Decision Making under Uncertainty
Authors: De Filippo Allegra , Lombardi Michele , Milano Michela
Published: January 2021

This paper considers multi-stage optimization problems under uncertainty that involve distinct offline and online phases. In particular it addresses the issue of integrating these phases to show how the two are often interrelated in real-world applications. Our methods are applicable under two (fairly general) conditions: 1) the uncertainty is exogenous; 2) it is possible to define a greedy heuristic for the online phase that can be modeled as a parametric convex optimization problem. We start with a baseline composed by a two-stage offline approach paired with the online greedy heuristic. We then propose multiple methods to tighten the offline/online integration, leading to significant quality improvements, at the cost of an increased computation effort either in the offline or the online phase. Overall, our methods provide multiple options to balance the solution quality/time trade-off, suiting a variety of practical application scenarios. To test our methods, we ground our approaches on two real cases studies with both offline and online decisions: an energy management problem with uncertain renewable generation and demand, and a vehicle routing problem with uncertain travel times. The application domains feature respectively continuous and discrete decisions. An extensive analysis of the experimental results shows that indeed offline/online integration may lead to substantial benefits.
The Amelioration of our Spelling
Authors: Thomas Calvin
Published: January 2021

Let me first of all account for the title of this paper by quoting a few words from a recent editorial of the New York Evening Post:

“If time-worn phrases prevent a calm scrutiny of the facts, and a clear perception of the best fiscal policy for this nation .... let us abandon them for some fresher and truer form of words. . . . Instead of taking free trade for a watchword, if that offends any, we may say that we stand for freer trade. Instead of talking about protecting American industry, let us talk about facilitating it.”
Contributions to the History of the Legend of Saint George, With Special Reference to the Sources of the French, German And Anglo-Saxon Metrical Versions
Authors: Matzke John E.
Published: January 2021

It has become evident so far that the basis for the different Latin forms of the story of the martyrdom of Saint George known in Western Europe during the Middle Ages was the apocryphal version. There is no evidence whatever of any direct influence of the Greek form of the legend upon the Latin variations. Zarneke in the Ber. ü. d. Verh. d. k. sächs. Ges. d. Wiss. zu Leipzig, 1874, p. 5, had laid down as a criterion for such influence the introduction of Diocletian and Maximian by the side of Datian; and Weber, in Z. f. r. Ph., V, p. 505, accepted this principle, and on the basis of it he made a rough classification of the different forms of the legend known to him. Our investigation, I think, has shown clearly that no historical study of the growth of the legend can be based upon this entirely external feature. The introduction of the name of Diocletian into Zc and the versions deriving from it may be due to some remote influence of the canonical version, but beyond the presence of this name, the texts of this group do not show the slightest influence of the Greek form of the legend. The further addition of Maximian was a simple and natural step, after the story of the martyrdom had been placed in the tenth persecution of the Christians, and can prove nothing. As a matter of fact, the name is found in versions that do not have the remotest connection with each other, such as Me, V, and Zc, d, e, g.
VIII.—The Romance Lyric From The Standpoint of Antecedent Latin Documents
Authors: Warren F. M.
Published: January 2021

The relation of Latin lyric poetry to the lyric poetry of the Romance peoples remains one of the interesting problems of medieval literature. It has already challenged the industry of generations of investigators with no definite result. And it may be doubted whether conclusions which are self-convincing will be reached in the immediate future. The chief hindrance to a satisfactory solution is presented, of course, by the incompleteness of relevant material. The examples of Latin lyrics which may be considered as expressive of natural emotion are few in number before the end of the eleventh century, and the poems of William IX are the first in Romance. There may be found here and there, to be sure, scattered hints of the existence of non-artistic poetry, whether in Latin or the vernacular, but the information so furnished by Latin writers is uncertain as well as meager. Widely different interpretations may be put on it. Contradictory theories find inconclusive support in it, further confusing an already perplexing problem. In view of all this doubt, and the difficulties with which the subject is still beset, it may not be unprofitable to go over the ground once more, and arrange the documents which allude to non-literary poetry, Latin or Romance, in their chronological order from the first century to the eleventh. While nothing new may be discovered from such a classification it will be useful to have at hand, grouped together, the texts from which the opposing factions draw their partisan arguments.
Richard The Third, Act I, Scene 4
Authors: Law Robert Adger
Published: January 2021

The chief source of Shakespeare's tragedy of Richard the Third has long been acknowledged to be either Hall's or Holinshed's prose Chronicle. In addition, some echoes have been discovered in it of the Latin tragedy, Richardus Tertius, of the anonymous English True Tragedie of Richard the Third, and of Marlowe's play, Edward the Second. But for one of the longest and most impressive scenes in Shakespeare's drama, that in which Clarence in prison meets his death at the hands of two ruffians hired for the deed by his brother, the Duke of Gloucester, no source is generally known. For the basis of the entire scene, Hall's Chronicle, which is so close akin to most situations in the play, contains of Clarence's death merely the statement that “attainted was he by parliament and iudged to death, and there vpon hastely drowned in a butte of malmesey within the towre of London.” Mr. P. A. Daniel expresses the common opinion of Shakespearian scholars to-day in saying, “Shakespeare seems to have been indebted to his own imagination only, for the scene of Clarence in prison, his beautiful narrative of his dream, and the less happy dialogue of the murderers.”
The Haunted Mere in Beowulf
Authors: Lawrence William Witherle
Published: January 2021

Romance, so modern criticism proclaims, is in no wise incompatible with the temper of the heroic epic. As in tragedy moments of poignant emotion are at once heightened and relieved by the introduction of comedy, so in epic a classic clearness of outline and tranquillity of mood are rendered doubly effective when contrasted with the mystery and magic of romance. Nowhere is this more clearly illustrated than in the second adventure of the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf, in which the hero does battle with a supernatural monster far away from the haunts of men. The scene shifts suddenly from the realistic setting at the Danish court, and the very air grows heavy with baleful suggestion,—just as when the lights and feasting of the Wartburg are left behind and the mountain in which Venus holds her revels looms up at twilight. “That,” says the Anglo-Saxon poet, “is an uncanny place.” The situation grows tense with a new horror, not felt even in the earlier scene when the demon Grendel, creeping through the mists of evening, invades once too often the hall of the Danes. The element of strangeness is added to beauty, with marvellous effect.
The Influence of Greene on Shakspere's Early Romance
Authors: Tynan Joseph L.
Published: January 2021

In an attempt to discuss the influence of Greene on Shakspere, there are two points to be determined: first, what were the distinct characteristics of Greene's romantic comedy, and second, which of these appear in Shakspere's work in such a way as to suggest indebtedness to Greene? To ascertain either of these, preceding and contemporaneous comedy and the sources of the works of both dramatists must, of course, be taken into consideration.
A Reclassification of the Perceval Romances
Authors: Woods George B.
Published: January 2021

In The Folk-Lore, Record for 1881 (Vol. 4, pp. 1 ff.), Mr. Alfred Nutt published an article entitled “The Aryan Expulsion-And-Return Formula in the Folk- and Hero Tales of the Celts.” In this article, Mr. Nutt advances the theory that the Perceval romances, the English and the Welsh versions especially, are variants of the Expulsion and Return formula. This classification has been accepted by subsequent writers, with the result that the English version, Sir Perceval, is declared to be the most faithful representative of the so-called primitive or original form of the story.
Dolce Stil Nuovo—The Case of The Opposition
Authors: Spiers A. G. H.
Published: January 2021

The student of to-day who wishes to make a study of the dolce stil nuovo is very soon brought face to face with a serious difficulty. As he reads his standard text-books, he finds in them a pretty uniform definition of the originality and characteristics of this school. But, upon looking further and consulting special books, he is confronted with recent work, both industrious and able, taking issue with the definition he has just learned. It is the object of this paper to help that student. We would try to determine what changes, if any, are forced upon the traditional view by the discoveries of the most successful of its opponents.
The Triumphe of Death Translated Out of Italian by the Countesse of Pembrooke
Authors: Young Frances Berkeley
Published: January 2021

The Triumphe of death, a poetical translation of Petrarch's Trionfo della Morte, is found in ms. 538. 43. 1., ff. 286-289, in the Library of the Inner Temple, in London. As may be seen from the title, and from the signatures to each chapter, the translation is accredited to Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke. The folios containing the translation form part of a group of miscellaneous pieces—in poetry and prose—preserved among the Petyt mss.
The Clerk of Oxenford
Authors: Jones H. S. V.
Published: January 2021

The comment made by the exemplary Clerk of Oxenford upon those ribald tales of the Miller and the Reeve, is eloquent silence. Out of the fund of his ‘moral vertu’ he might, of course, have drawn a sharp rebuke or at least a grave remonstrance, ‘full of hy sentence’; but unless he were at that time studying ‘aboute som sophyme,‘ he contented himself with silent meditation upon our old sins, so light-heartedly exploited for the entertainment of those whose road led to the shrine of the martyred saint. He knew that often silence is golden and words but sounding brass. As clearly appears in that conversation with Harry Bailey which precedes the tale of Griselda, he himself possessed much of that gracious forbearance, which he very nobly celebrated:
‘Hoste,’ quod he, ‘I am under your yerdeYe han of us, as now, the governance.’
Kleist at Boulogne-Sur-Mer
Authors: Scholl John William
Published: January 2021

In October, 1803, Kleist secretly left Paris and traveled alone and without the customary passports to the northern coast of France, to the vicinity of Boulogne-sur-mer. In and near this city Napoleon I. was assembling a vast army, with munitions and transports, for the ostensible purpose of making a descent upon England. Kleist wished to enter this army and share its fate on English soil, in the hope of a soldier's death.
XXIV.—Sir Perceval and The Boyish Exploits of Finn
Authors: Pace Roy Bennett
Published: January 2021

The relations between the English romance, Sir Perceval, and its counterparts in French, German, and Welsh have been frequently and extensively investigated. Efforts have been made also to show connections between the story of Perceval (especially the boyhood portion) and various other stories—the “Fair Unknown” (Libeaus Desconus) group, the romance of Fergus, the lai of Tyolet, and the Irish tales of Cuchullin.

Another Irish story which has not, it seems to me, received the attention it merits in this connection is The Boyish Exploits of Finn. The resemblances between it and the English romance were first pointed out by Alfred Nutt in 1881. He believed The Boyish Exploits to he a fifteenth-century composition; and he repeated this belief in 1888, 1891, and 1910. This late date was supported in long arguments by Zimmer in 1890 and 1891; and it has been generally accepted by students of the story, including d'Arbois de Jubainville, Newell, Miss Paton, Miss Weston, and Professors Schofield and Griffith.
Gaillard's Criticism of Corneille, Rotrou, Du Ryer, Marie de Gournay, and Other Writers
Authors: Lancaster H. Carrington
Published: January 2021

A quaint piece of dramatic writing, the Cartel or Monomachie of Antoine Gaillard, is one of the earliest of seventeenth-century French plays in which an author puts his contemporaries on the stage and makes fellow writers the butt of his jests. It clears the way for Desmarest's Visionnaires, Saint-Evremond's Académistes, a half-dozen of Molière's plays, and a number of other pieces by Molière's contemporaries, whose satire is devoted to living individuals or to groups of literary persons; but the work has so little dramatic value that it would remain merely a date, were it not for the fact that by selecting real persons as the object of his satire, Gaillard has criticized from the standpoint of a contemporary a number of writers who flourished with greater or less distinction in 1633. In discussing the work I shall therefore dwell upon its biographical qualities, rather than upon its slender merit as a drama.
The Arrangement and the Date of Shakespeare's Sonnets
Authors: Gray Henry David
Published: January 2021

There are so many, points at issue regarding Shakespeare's Sonnets,—the authenticity of the Quarto arrangement, the question of their autobiographical interest, the date, the identity of W. H., of the Dark Lady, and of the Rival Poet,—there has been so much written on all these problems, and the solution of them is so wholly a matter of conjecture, that I shall be obliged for the most part merely to record my own convictions and refer to rather than repeat the sets of arguments which have led me to one opinion instead of to the contrary view; and even in presenting what I offer as my own contribution to the subject I must omit many if not most of the minor considerations which have influenced me.
The Easter Sepulchrum in its Relation to the Architecture of the High Altar
Authors: Bonnell John K.
Published: January 2021

By the term ‘sepulehrum’ is designated that device or structure employed in churches—especially in the middle ages—to symbolize, or in more complete manner to represent, the tomb of Christ. This sepulchrum, so named in the liturgy, first appears in connection with the ancient office of the Depositio Crucis, or burial of the cross, which after mass on Good Friday typified the burial of Christ. Complementing and completing the Depositio was another office, privately celebrated by the priest and clergy before matins on Easter Sunday, typifying the resurrection, and called the Elevatio Crucis. When, after the tenth century, troping of the Introit for Easter morning—the famous Quem Quaeritis—developed into a little liturgical play with the impersonation of the angel or angels, and of the three Maries coming to anoint the body of the Lord, there was naturally a development of the heretofore symbolic sepulchrum in the altar, into what resulted finally in a separate structure.
The Lord Mayor's Show for 1623
Authors: Withington Robert
Published: January 2021

That Thomas Middleton was the author of the London Lord Mayor's Show for 1623 has long been known; that he was not the sole author no one has suspected. His pamphlet describing the occasion is entitled The Triumphs of Integrity; it was printed by Dyce, and from him by Bullen; Dyce does not tell where the pamphlet which he reprints may be found; and I have not been able to discover it in the libraries of the British Museum, the Guildhall, the Society of Antiquaries, or the Bodleian.