bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value of preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and red blood cell distribution width in predicting positive surgical margin after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Wang Hao , Xie Dawei , Wang Siqi , Wu Liyang , Chu Yifan , Yang Pushen , He Weifeng , Wang Jianwen
Published: January 2024

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in men, and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) is commonly used to treat localized and advanced PCa. Positive surgical margin (PSM) is one of the most frequent problems faced by surgeons.

Aims

This study aimed to explore the value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in predicting PSM after LRP.

Methods and Results

Three hundred and twenty patients with PCa were admitted and underwent LRP in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2017 to June 2023. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (225 cases) and a validation set (95 cases) in a 7:3 ratio. NLR, PLR, and RDW were significantly higher in the PSM group than in the negative surgical margins (NSM) group. In addition, the NLR, PLR, and RDW values correlated with clinical T stage, Gleason score, and seminal vesicle invasion in the PSM group. In training set, ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff values of NLR, PLR, and RDW for predicting postoperative PSM in PCa were 2.31, 115.40, and 12.85%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed NLR and RDW were the clinical independent predictors. The area under the curve (AUC, 0.770, 95% CI 0.709–0.831) for postoperative PSM was the highest when a combination of the three parameters was used, with sensitivity and specificity of 62.5% and 85.2%, respectively. In validation set, the AUC values for NLR, PLR, RDW and the three markers combined were 0.708, 0.675, 0.723, and 0.780, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that in the PSM group, NLR was positively correlated with PLR and RDW, and PLR was positively correlated with RDW. By contrast, in the NSM group, a positive association was only found between NLR and PLR.

Conclusions

Higher preoperative NLR, PLR, and RDW values were associated with postoperative PSM. Additionally, the three markers combined may be useful to predict PSM.
DML‐OFA: Deep mutual learning with online feature alignment for the detection of COVID‐19 from chest x‐ray images
Authors: Liang Zhihao , Lu Huijuan , Ming Zhendong , Chai Zhuijun , Yao Yudong
Published: January 2024

COVID‐19 is a novel coronavirus‐induced disease and automatic identification of COVID‐19 using computer‐assisted methods can facilitate faster diagnostic efficiency. Current research typically employs a single model for COVID‐19 identification, while implicit and complementary knowledge between heterogeneous networks is neglected. To address these issues, we propose a new model based on deep mutual learning with online feature alignment called DML‐OFA to more effectively diagnose COVID‐19. First, we use a traditional deep mutual learning (DML) framework to allow two parallel heterogeneous networks to learn from each other to form two effective feature extractors. In addition, we embed the adaptive feature fusion classifier and logits ensembling module in the proposed DML‐OFA, which can simultaneously learn implicit complementary knowledge from feature maps and logits. We evaluated DML‐OFA on four public datasets: Covid‐chestxray‐dataset, ChestXRay2017, Coronavirus‐dataset and COVIDx. The results showed that our model attains 97.10 Accuracy, 97.28 Specificity, 96.21 Recall, 97.45 Precision, and 96.82 F1‐score, which outperforms other previous related works.
Polymer network comprised of steroidal rotors as promising storage material
Authors: Wysocka Joanna , Malinowska Marta , Pawlak Tomasz , Zgardzińska Bożena , Markiewicz Karolina H. , Misiak Paweł , Wilczewska Agnieszka Z. , Potrzebowski Marek , Santillan Rosa , Flórez‐López Edwin , Farfán Norberto , Jastrzebska Izabella
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we report a new generation of polymeric networks as potential functional material based on changes in molecular dynamics in the solid state. The material is obtained by free radical polymerization of a diacrylate derivative bearing a steroid (stator) and a 1,4‐diethynyl‐phenylene‐d4 fragment (rotator). Polymer research using the PALS technique complements the knowledge about nanostructural changes occurring in the system in the temperature range −115 °C – +190 °C. It indicates the presence of two types of free nanovolumes in the system and the occurrence of phase transitions. The polymer is characterized using 1H NMR, 2H Solid Echo NMR, ATR‐FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, thermal analysis, and porosimetry. It is proved that the applied procedure leads to the formation of a novel porous organic material containing multiple molecular rotors.
FGF12 restrains mitochondria‐dependent ferroptosis in doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyocytes through the activation of FGFR1/AMPK/NRF2 signaling
Authors: Tian Ge , Li Jing , Wang Wenjie , Zhou Lina
Published: January 2024

Fibroblast growth factor‐12 (FGF12) has been reported to play important role in regulating heart diseases. We aimed to explore the role of FGF12 in doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced myocardial injury. DOX‐induced mice and DOX‐induced HL‐1 cells were used as the myocardial injury in vivo and in vitro. Then, FGF12, Anp, Bnp, and Myh7 expression was detected. The pathological injury in myocardium tissue was observed by H&E staining. The levels of markers related to myocardial damage and oxidative stress were assessed. Then, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect FGF12 and 4‐HNE expression. Ferroptosis were detected by Prussian blue staining and western blot. The FGFR1/AMPK/NRF2 signaling was measured by western blot. FGF12 expression was downregulated in DOX‐induced mice myocardium tissues. FGF12 overexpression alleviated DOX‐induced myocardial tissue pathological injury and reduced Anp, Bnp, and Myh7 expression. Additionally, the levels of CK‐MB, LDH and cTnT in serum were decreased after FGF12 upregulation in DOX‐induced mice. Moreover, FGF12 overexpression reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, and 4‐HNE but increased SOD and GSH‐Px activities. Meanwhile, FGF12 led to less deposition of iron ion, decreased ACSL4, PTGS2 and increased GPX4, FTH1 expression. Additionally, FGF12 activated the expressions of FGFR1, p‐AMPK, and NRF2. Moreover, FGFR1 silencing reversed the protective effects of FGF12 overexpression on cell viability, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and FGFR1/AMPK/NRF2 pathway. To sum up, FGF12 inhibited mitochondria‐dependent ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes induced by DOX through activation of FGFR1/AMPK/NRF2 signaling. These findings clarify a new mechanism of DOX‐induced cardiac injury and provide a promising target to limit the disease development.
Photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium for endoscopically unresectable gastric cancer using a novel simultaneous light‐emitting method
Authors: Hayashi Tomoyuki , Hayashi Kotaro , Terashima Takeshi , Nishitani Masaki , Orita Noriaki , Miyazawa Masaki , Seki Akihiro , Nakagawa Hidetoshi , Nio Kouki , Iida Noriho , Yamada Shinya , Takatori Hajime , Shimakami Tetsuro , Yamashita Taro
Published: January 2024

We describe a case of gastric cancer treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with talaporfin sodium using a novel simultaneous light‐emitting method. An 82‐year‐old man was diagnosed with gastric cancer near the cardia with suspected deep submucosal invasion. Surgical resection was deemed high‐risk owing to an underlying pulmonary disease. After ruling out endoscopic procedures due to intense fibrosis resulting from the scarring, PDT with talaporfin sodium was chosen. PDT was successfully conducted using an endoscope with simultaneous light emission. The patient experienced a complete response to the treatment and showed no signs of recurrence during follow‐up. This case highlights the potential of PDT with talaporfin sodium as a viable alternative for challenging cases, particularly in patients unsuitable for surgery and endoscopic resection. Furthermore, the novel simultaneous light‐emitting method may improve the efficiency of the procedure. This case demonstrates the potential of PDT in gastric cancer treatment, especially for high‐risk patients.
Penetration of duodenal wall by proximal end of biliary straight plastic stent in a patient with ampullary carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Koji , Ohyama Hiroshi , Takiguchi Yuichi , Kan Motoyasu , Ouchi Mayu , Nagashima Hiroki , Okitsu Kohichiroh , Ohno Izumi , Kato Naoya
Published: January 2024

A 70‐year‐old woman presented to our hospital with abdominal discomfort. Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an ampullary tumor, while a biopsy revealed a pathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. No distant metastases were observed and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection were planned. Shortly thereafter, she developed obstructive jaundice due to the ampullary carcinoma. The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, during which a straight plastic stent was placed in the bile duct. The patient was discharged without complications. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was initiated. Two months later, she was readmitted for surgery while asymptomatic. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was scheduled to replace the stent with a nasobiliary drainage tube for the surgery. Endoscopic imaging revealed that the proximal end of the stent had penetrated the duodenum on the oral side of the ampullary carcinoma. The distal end of the stent was grasped with forceps and the stent was successfully removed. A catheter was inserted into the bile duct orifice and cholangiography was performed, which revealed that the distal bile duct and the duodenum had formed a fistula. A guidewire was placed in the bile duct via the papilla and a nasobiliary drainage tube was placed. After endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, the patient exhibited smooth progress without issue. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed on the fourth day after the nasobiliary drainage tube placement, and the patient's postoperative course was uneventful. The proximal end of a biliary stent penetrating the duodenal wall is an infrequent phenomenon. This case report highlights a rare but noteworthy adverse event associated with straight biliary plastic stent placement.
Why does OCR only post determinations of violations to its reading room?
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: January 2024

The Office for Civil Rights has long assisted institutions and the general public in understanding Section 504 compliance obligations by posting to its reading room selected determination letters and resolution agreements arising from Section 504 complaints and investigations, indexed and sorted by issues, parties, and dates for easy searching (https://bit.ly/3NP5zjI). Although determination letters also can be obtained in redacted form through a Freedom of Information Act Request, requesting an individual letter requires knowing its relevance and sufficient descriptive information to identify it, so in the absence of prior knowledge of a specific investigation, the reading room is the only publicly available resource from which one can readily to obtain determination letters.
Understanding OCR retaliation claims
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2024

Retaliation is one of the most common forms of disability discrimination. Sometimes, retaliation is overt and intentional. However, retaliation can also be indirect and inadvertent. Disability services professionals need to understand what types of actions constitute retaliation under Section 504 and Title II. This knowledge can help colleges and universities avoid retaliatory conduct against students with disabilities.
Digital Accessibility
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Cutoff scores of the Eating Disorder Examination–Questionnaire for the German population
Authors: Meule Adrian , Hilbert Anja , de Zwaan Martina , Brähler Elmar , Koch Stefan , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: January 2024

Objective

The Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) is one of the most widely used self‐report measures for the assessment of eating disorder (ED) symptomatology. However, proposed cutoff scores that may indicate the presence of an ED have been heterogeneous. Therefore, the current study derived cutoff scores from two large samples: one representative for the German population and one composed of persons with EDs at admission to inpatient treatment.

Method

Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used with the EDE‐Q global score as independent variable and group (controls: n = 2519, patients: n = 2038) as dependent variable. These analyses were also conducted separately with the patient group divided into persons with anorexia nervosa (AN; n = 1456), bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 370), and other EDs (n = 212) and after matching groups for age and sex distribution.

Results

The EDE‐Q global score discriminated well between controls and patients (AUC >91%, sensitivity >.84, specificity >.79). A score of 1.6 discriminated best between controls and patients in general and persons with AN in particular. Optimal thresholds for discriminating between controls and persons with BN and other EDs ranged between scores of 1.8 and 2.4.

Discussion

In the German population, cutoff scores between 1.6 and 2.4 may be used to screen for the presence or absence of an ED or evaluate treatment outcome, with slightly higher cutoff scores for persons with BN and other EDs than for persons with AN.

Public Significance

Questionnaire scores have little value when it is unclear which scores indicate the likely presence of an ED, as such scores can be used to estimate the prevalence of or screen for EDs in the general population and evaluate outcome at the end of ED treatment. The current study indicates a score around 2 on the EDE‐Q as an optimal threshold for this.
Acceptability of Specialist Psychotherapy with Emotion for Anorexia in Kent and Sussex (SPEAKS): A novel intervention for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Rennick Abigail , Papastavrou Brooks Cat , Singh Basra Randeep , Startup Helen , Lavender Tony , Oldershaw Anna
Published: January 2024

Objective

Investigate the acceptability of Specialist Psychotherapy with Emotion for Anorexia in Kent and Sussex (SPEAKS), a novel intervention for anorexia nervosa (AN), conducted as a feasibility trial to provide an initial test of the intervention.

Methods

SPEAKS therapy lasting 9–12 months was provided to 34 people with AN or atypical AN by eight specialist eating disorder therapists trained in the model across two NHS Trusts in the UK (Kent and Sussex) during a feasibility trial. All participants were offered a post‐therapy interview; sixteen patients and six therapists agreed. All patient participants were adult females. Interviews were semi‐structured and asked questions around individuals' experience of SPEAKS, the acceptability of the intervention and of the research methods. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Key areas explored in line with research questions led to 5 overarching themes and 14 subthemes: (1) shift in treatment focus and experience, (2) balancing resources and treatment outcomes, (3) navigating the online treatment environment, (4) therapist adaptation and professional development, and (5) research processes.

Discussion

SPEAKS was found to be an acceptable intervention for treating AN from the perspective of patients and therapists. The findings provide strong support for delivery of a larger scale randomized control trial. Recommendations for future improvements, particularly pertaining to therapist understanding of the treatment model are detailed, alongside broader clinical implications.

Public Significance

We aimed to evaluate the acceptability of a new anorexia nervosa treatment called SPEAKS. Interviews were conducted with patients and therapists involved in the pilot study and responses were analyzed. Results showed that both patients and therapists found SPEAKS to be an acceptable treatment for anorexia nervosa. The study suggests that SPEAKS meets the criteria for moving forward with a larger trial to assess its effectiveness.
Soil nutrient limitation and natural enemies promote the establishment of alien species in native communities
Authors: Xu Yu‐Han , Guo Yu‐Jian , Bai Yan‐Feng , Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Yong‐Jian
Published: January 2024

The invasion of alien plant species threatens the composition and diversity of native communities. However, the invasiveness of alien plants and the resilience of native communities are dependent on the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, such as natural enemies and nutrient availability. In our study, we simulated the invasion of nine invasive plant species into native plant communities using two levels of nutrient availability and suppression of natural enemies. We evaluated the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the response of alien target species and the resistance of native communities to invasion. The results showed that the presence of enemies (enemy release) increased the biomass proportion of alien plants while decreasing that of native communities in the absence of nutrient addition. Furthermore, we also found that the negative effect of enemy suppression on the evenness of the native community and the root‐to‐shoot ratio of alien target species was greatest under nutrient addition. Therefore, nutrient‐poor and natural enemies might promote the invasive success of alien species in native communities, whereas nutrient addition and enemy suppression can better enhance the resistance of native plant communities to invasion.
Evaluation of probiotics in the treatment of hypothyroidism in early pregnancy combined with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Authors: Zhang Miao , Xu Yajuan , Sun Zongzong , Ban Yanjie , Zhai Shanshan , Wang Wentao , Wang Mengqi , You Jie , Chen Dongsun , Zhu Shuanghui , Guo Hui
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hypothyroidism in early pregnancy and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and the effect of probiotics. Patients with hypothyroidism in early pregnancy and normal pregnant women during the same period were included in the methane–hydrogen breath test to compare the incidence of SIBO, smoothed curve fit, and differences in clinical symptoms. For those who combined with SIBO, the rate of clinical symptom conversion, thyroid hormones, and changes in associated inflammatory indexes were compared after 21 days of treatment with probiotics on top of conventional levothyroxine sodium tablets. The results are as follows: (1) The incidence of combined SIBO in patients with hypothyroidism in pregnancy was 56.0%, significantly higher than the 28.0% of normal pregnant women during the same period. (2) The highest value of hydrogen plus methane gas in 90 min in pregnancy hypothyroid patients showed a significant negative correlation with FT4 (p < .001, SD = 0.169). (3) Abdominal distension symptoms were significantly increased in both groups after combined SIBO (p = .036, p = .025), and the conversion rate after treatment was 69.2% and 75.0%, respectively. (4) In hypothyroidism, pregnancy combined with SIBO, TSH, and CRP was higher before treatment (p = .001, p = .012) and decreased significantly after treatment (p = .001, p = .008). Hypothyroidism in early pregnancy is associated with SIBO, and probiotic treatment is significantly effective.
Pseudoaneurysm after arterial reconstruction in kidney transplant nephrectomy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Inoue Kuniaki , Hori Shunta , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Yoneda Tatsuo , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: January 2024

Background

Pseudoaneurysm formation sometimes complicates transplant nephrectomy. We report a case of bleeding from a pseudoaneurysm after transplantation nephrectomy that resulted in shock and emergency endovascular treatment.

Case presentation

A 56‐year‐old man underwent transplant nephrectomy 3 years and 9 months following transplantation for pyelonephritis‐related infection control. On postoperative day 7, he developed sudden pain in the lower abdomen and subsequently went into shock. A pseudoaneurysm at the anastomosis was detected, and urgent endovascular treatment was performed to stem the bleeding.

Conclusion

Vascular complications, including pseudoaneurysms, following transplant nephrectomy can be life‐threatening, and comprehensive awareness is needed in careful postoperative management.
Impacts of livestock grazing on blue‐eared pheasants (Crossoptilon auritum) survival in subalpine forests of Southwest China
Authors: Chen Xing , Shang Xiao‐Tong , Fan Fan , Zheng Yong , Zhao Lian‐Jun , Sun Hong‐Ou , Li Sheng , Zhang Li
Published: January 2024

The degradation and fragmentation of natural habitats, driven largely by anthropogenic activities such as grazing, represent growing concerns in environmental conservation. We examined the impact of grazing activities on the survival of the blue‐eared pheasant Crossoptilon auritum, a ground‐nesting bird endemic to subalpine forests. Using camera‐trapping and artificial nest experiments, we compared two sites in Sichuan, China: Wanglang (high grazing intensity) and Jiuzhaigou (no grazing) national nature reserves. The study, conducted from 2017 to 2021, evaluated habitat suitability changes for these pheasants and examined the impact of grazing on nesting success by conducting a nest predation experiment. The results of our study showed that (1) since the significant increase of free‐ranging livestock post‐2014, the area of most suitable and moderately suitable habitats for blue‐eared pheasants in Wanglang decreased by 14.28% (net loss 15.12 km2); (2) predominant natural predators of the pheasant, such as yellow‐throated martens (Martes flavigula) and leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis), were mostly observed to be spatially distant from livestock; (3) the pheasant's nesting failure rate was 2.18 times higher in Wanglang than in Jiuzhaigou; (4) high‐intensity livestock disturbance correlated with decreased food resources for pheasants, yet resulted in an increased abundance of Coleopteran insects. These results illustrate a complex dynamic: Although forest pheasants, such as the blue‐eared pheasant, may initially benefit from the presence of livestock through increased predator refuge and access to specific food resources, they ultimately face greater risks. These include a significant increase in nest failure rates and remarkable habitat loss and degradation. In light of these results, we advocate for strict control and management of grazing activities inside reserves. Additionally, we recommend the implementation of a systematic monitoring program that focuses on the population dynamics and habitat use of endangered pheasants in Southwest China.
The effect of soil texture, layering and water head on the infiltration rate and infiltration model accuracy
Authors: Berdouki Azizeh Alizadeh , Besharat Sina , Zeinalzadeh Kamran , Cruz Cristina
Published: January 2024

Infiltration is one of the most important physical characteristics of soil and depends on various factors. This study investigated the influence of soil texture, layering and water head on the soil water infiltration rate. It also selected the most accurate infiltration models to determine the water infiltration rate in homogeneous and heterogeneous soil profiles. Experiments were carried out in four soil containers with a length, width and height of 20 × 20 × 70 cm. Treatments consisted of two soil textures (sandy loam, SL; clay loam, CL), four soil profiles (homogeneous texture, SL and CL; and heterogeneous texture, lighter texture on the top, SL/CL, and heavier texture on the top CL/SL) and three water head sizes (4, 7 and 10 cm). Several models were used to determine the water infiltration rate under homogeneous (Kostiakov, modified Kostiakov, Philip, Horton, traditional Green–Ampt, modified Green–Ampt and HYDRUS‐1D) and heterogeneous soils (traditional Green–Ampt, modified Green–Ampt and HYDRUS‐1D). According to the results, the infiltration rate decreased over time and along the soil profile. Nevertheless, it jumped at the interface of two‐layered soils when the heavier soil was in the bottom layer (SC treatments) due to the high potential of the second layer, and then it decreased. In the reverse layering, the infiltration rate in the interface was lowest (CS treatments) because of the higher hydraulic conductivity of the second layer. Additionally, the infiltration rate increased with increasing water head, but the rate of this increase was higher by changing the water head from 7 to 10 cm. The results of infiltration models showed that the accuracy of these models was higher in clay loam texture than in sandy loam texture. The modified Green–Ampt was the most accurate model in homogeneous and layered soils, with average RMSE of 0.0204 and 0.019, respectively. The Horton model had the weakest simulation in homogeneous soils, with an average RMSE of 0.1299. Additionally, the accuracy of HYDRUS‐1D in layered soils was less than that in homogeneous soils (NS of 0.95 and 0.85, respectively), and its accuracy decreased with increasing water head in most treatments.
Smartphone‐based detection of COVID‐19 and associated pneumonia using thermal imaging and a transfer learning algorithm
Authors: Hoffer Oshrit , Brzezinski Rafael Y. , Ganim Adam , Shalom Perry , Ovadia‐Blechman Zehava , Ben‐Baruch Lital , Lewis Nir , Peled Racheli , Shimon Carmi , Naftali‐Shani Nili , Katz Eyal , Zimmer Yair , Rabin Neta
Published: January 2024

COVID‐19‐related pneumonia is typically diagnosed using chest x‐ray or computed tomography images. However, these techniques can only be used in hospitals. In contrast, thermal cameras are portable, inexpensive devices that can be connected to smartphones. Thus, they can be used to detect and monitor medical conditions outside hospitals. Herein, a smartphone‐based application using thermal images of a human back was developed for COVID‐19 detection. Image analysis using a deep learning algorithm revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 88.7% and 92.3%, respectively. The findings support the future use of noninvasive thermal imaging in primary screening for COVID‐19 and associated pneumonia.
Photobiomodulation therapy (red/NIR LEDs) reduced the length of stay in intensive care unit and improved muscle function: A randomized, triple‐blind, and sham‐controlled trial
Authors: Neto Raimundo Pereira Miranda , Espósito Lara Maria Bataglia , da Rocha Francisco Costa , Filho Antônio Anchieta Sousa , Silva Jefferson Hermann Gomes , de Sousa Santos Eulália Caroline , Sousa Bruna Lorena Soares Cavalcante , dos Santos Gonçalves Ketlhen Ravena Rodrigues , Garcia‐Araujo Adriana Sanches , Hamblin Michael R. , Ferraresi Cleber
Published: January 2024

Context

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been widely used to improve strength, fatigue resistance and increase muscle mass in healthy individuals. These effects could help critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) who show reduced mobility and muscle strength. ICU‐acquired weakness lessens overall health and increases the patient's length of stay in the ICU.

Objective

This study evaluated the effects of PBMT using low intensity light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on the mobility and muscle strength (functional capacity) and length of stay of patients admitted to hospital ICU.

Methods

This randomized, triple‐blind, sham‐controlled trial was conducted in a hospital ICU. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups: (a) PBMT and (b) Sham. PBMT was applied daily to patients until their discharge from the ICU, using a flexible neoprene array of 264 LEDs (120 at 635 nm, 1.2 mW each; 144 at 880 nm, 15 mW each) for 90s (207.36 Joules) at each site. Ten sites were located bilaterally on the thighs, legs, arms, and forearms ventrally and dorsally, 15 min totaling 2,073.6 Joules per session. Outcomes were length of stay (in h) until discharge from the ICU, muscle strength by the Medical Research Council (MRC) score and handgrip dynamometry (HGD), patient mobility by Intensive Care Unit Mobility Scale (IMS) and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3) for predicting mortality of patients admitted to the ICU.

Results

PBMT reduced the average length of stay in the ICU by ~30% (p = 0.028); increased mobility (IMS: 255% vs. 110% p = 0.007), increased muscle strength (MRC: 12% vs. −9% p = 0.001) and HGD (34% vs. −13% p < 0.001), and the SAPS3 score was similar (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results suggest that daily PBMT can reduce the length of stay of ICU patients and increase muscle strength and mobility.
Results from a pilot efficacy trial of a motivational interviewing substance use intervention for Latinx/e youth
Authors: Moreno Oswaldo , Tirado Camila , Avila Melissa , Bravo Adrian J. , Garcia‐Rodriguez Isis , Romo Stephanie , Rodriguez Jennifer , Matos Cristian , Hernandez Cindy , Ramos Mayra S. , Fuentes Lisa , Muñoz Geovani , Gutierrez Daniel , Corona Rosalie
Published: January 2024

We conducted a pilot feasibility study to examine the efficacy of a culturally adapted Group Motivational Interviewing for Teens–alternative tobacco product (GMIT‐ATP) intervention among Latinx/e youth and whether, including caregivers, improved outcomes (GMIT‐ATP+P). Adolescents (ages 10–16) and their caregivers were randomized to two groups after completing baseline assessments: (1) GMIT‐ATP (N = 23) and (2) GMIT‐ATP+P (N = 32). Youth in both conditions attended three youth‐only sessions, and parents in the GMIT‐ATP+P condition attended three parent‐only sessions. Parents and youth completed measures before randomization, immediately after the intervention, and 3‐month post‐intervention. No significant differences were found when comparing conditions. However, adolescents’ reports of knowledge of the health effects of tobacco and ATP products increased from pre‐ to post‐intervention and remained stable at the 3‐month follow‐up. Culturally enhancing preventive interventions have positive effects within the Latinx/e community, and there is potential for long‐term sustainability.
Transforming energy and water landscapes with MnS2:Ni9S8:Co3S4: A promising paradigm for a sustainable future
Authors: Gul Mahwash Mahar , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Thomas Andrew Guy , Tighezza Ammar Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Background

Considerable research efforts have been dedicated to comprehensively evaluate the electrochemical and photocatalytic properties of newly synthesized metal sulfides.

Aims

This research aims to determine the viability of using metal sulfide, MnS2:Ni9S8:Co3S4 thin film with excellent energy retention capacities and amazing photocatalytic activities.

Materials & Methods

Single source precursor method was utilized for the synthesis of metal sulfide. Furthermore, deposition of thin film was performed through physical vapour deposition route. Detailed characterization was done by using UV‐visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction crystallography and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical investigation was done through cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry while competence of the thin film in degrading various environmental pollutants, including crystal violet dye, fuberidazole and phenol, was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation.

Results & Discussion

A crystallite size of 47 nm with 86.5% crystallinity was found along with a 3.4 eV bandgap energy. Round‐edged cubical structures in the composite were seen. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed core level peaks of Mn 2p, Ni 2p, Co 2p and S 2p. A specific capacitance of 590 Fg−1 was observed from the electrochemical analysis showing the presence of electroactive sites that allow for effective electrochemical processes. After 60 minutes of exposure to the thin film, phenol showed the slowest rate of degradation, whereas crystal violet and fuberidazole showed significant percentages of deterioration.

Conclusion

The findings highlight MnS2:Ni9S8:Co3S4 thin film's adaptability as viable compound for addressing the critical concerns of storing energy, production, and environmental cleanup. These significant findings highlight the versatility of tri‐metal sulfide thin films, opening up avenues for further research and technological advancements.
Application of the aza‐Wittig reaction for efficient synthesis of diversely substituted benzo[f]Chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine and benzo[f]chromeno[2,3‐d][1,2,4]triazolopyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Barsy Magda A. , El Rady Eman A. , Al‐Ayed Abdullah Sulaiman , Frempong Mona , Sadek Kamal U.
Published: January 2024

An efficient synthesis of novel benzo[f]Chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine and unknown benzo[f]chromeno[2,3‐d][1,2,4]triazolopyrimidine derivatives is described utilizing ethyl‐2‐amino‐4‐phenyl‐4H‐benzo[f]chromene‐3‐carboxylate as precursor via aza‐Wittig reaction. The process proved to be simple, high‐yielding, and efficient.
Clinical, biochemical and molecular characterization of a new case with FDX2‐related mitochondrial disorder: Potential biomarkers and treatment options
Authors: Wongkittichote Parith , Pantano Cassandra , He Miao , Hong Xinying , Demczko Matthew M.
Published: January 2024

Ferredoxin‐2 (FDX2) is an electron transport protein required for iron–sulfur clusters biosynthesis. Pathogenic variants in FDX2 have been associated with autosomal recessive FDX2‐related disorder characterized by mitochondrial myopathy with or without optic atrophy and leukoencephalopathy. We described a new case harboring compound heterozygous variants in FDX2 who presented with recurrent rhabdomyolysis with severe episodes affecting respiratory muscle. Biochemical analysis of the patients revealed hyperexcretion of 2‐hydroxyadipic acid, along with previously reported biochemical abnormalities. The proband demonstrated increased lactate and creatine kinase (CK) with increased amount of glucose infusion. Lactate and CK drastically decreased when parenteral nutrition containing high protein and lipid contents with low glucose was initiated. Overall, we described a new case of FDX2‐related disorder and compare clinical, biochemical and molecular findings with previously reported cases. We demonstrated that 2‐hydroxyadipic acid biomarker could be used as an adjunct biomarker for FDX2‐related disorder and the use of parenteral nutrition as a treatment option for the patient with FDX2‐related disorder during rhabdomyolysis episode.

Highlights

2‐Hydroxyadipic acid can serve as a potential adjunct biomarker for iron‐sulfur assembly defects and lipoic acid biosynthesis disorders. Parenteral nutrition containing high lipid and protein content could be used to reverse acute rhabdomyolysis episodes in the patients with FDX2‐related disorder.
Study on the epidemiological characteristics of enterovirus among pediatric patients in Hangzhou, China: A comparison between the pre‐COVID‐19, COVID‐19 pandemic, and post‐COVID‐19 periods
Authors: Sun Yanhong , Zhou Jianming , Nie Wenjian , Tian Dandan , Ye Qing
Published: January 2024

Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) not only reduce the prevalence of this disease among children but also influence the transmission of other viruses. This retrospective study investigated the impact of NPIs on human enterovirus (HEV) infection in children diagnosed with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) or herpangina (HA) in Hangzhou, China. We collected and analyzed the laboratory results and clinical data of children diagnosed with HFMD or HA during the following periods: pre‐COVID‐19 (January 2019 to December 2019), the COVID‐19 pandemic (January 2020 to December 2022), and post‐COVID‐19 (January to December 2023). A total of 41 742 specimens that met the inclusion criteria were obtained, of which 1998 (4.79%) tested positive for enterovirus. In comparison to those in the pre‐COVID‐19 period, which had 695 (5.63%) HEV‐positive specimens, the numbers dramatically decreased to 69 (1.19%), 398 (5.12%), and 112 (1.58%) in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively, but significantly increased to 724 (8.27%) in 2023. Seasonal peaks of infections occurred in May, June, July, and August each year, with the total detection rate ranging from 2019 to 2023 being 9.41% in May, 22.47% in June, 28.23% in July, and 12.16% in August, respectively. The difference in the detection rates of HEV infection between males and females was statistically significant (p < 0.005), with 5.11% (1221/23 898) of males and 4.35% (777/17 844) of females testing positive, resulting in a male‐to‐female positive ratio of 1.57:1. Among the age groups, 11.25% (378/3360) of the children aged 3–5 years had the highest detection rate, which steadily decreased with increasing or decreasing age. The detection of HEV indicated that >95% of the viruses were other types than the previously commonly reported enterovirus 71 (EV‐A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV‐A16). In conclusion, NPIs for COVID‐19 may be effective at reducing the transmission of HEV. However, with the relaxation of NPIs, the detection rate of HEVs increased slowly to a certain extent. Active awareness and surveillance of the epidemiological characteristics of HEV are essential for preventing, controlling, and managing the development of HFMD and HA, as well as contributing to the development of a multivalent HFMD vaccine.
Co‐augmentation of a transport gene mfsT1 in Mycolicibacterium neoaurum with genome engineering to enhance ergothioneine production
Authors: Ding Ya‐Xue , Chen Jun‐Wei , Ke Jie , Hu Fei‐Yang , Wen Jia‐Chen , Dong Yu‐Guo , Wang Feng‐Qing , Xiong Liang‐Bin
Published: January 2024

Ergothioneine (EGT) is a rare thiohistidine derivative with exceptional antioxidant properties. The blood level of EGT is considered highly reliable predictors for cardiovascular diseases and mortality, yet animals lack the ability to synthesize this compound. Free plasmids have been previously used to overexpress genes involved in the EGT biosynthetic pathway of Mycolicibacterium neoaurum. Here, we tentatively introduced a putative transporter gene mfsT1 into high‐copy plasmids and sharply increased the ratio of extracellular EGT concentration from 18.7% to 44.9%. Subsequently, an additional copy of egtABCDE, hisG, and mfsT1 was inserted into the genome with a site‐specific genomic integration tool of M. neoaurum, leading a 2.7 times increase in EGT production. Co‐enhancing the S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine regeneration pathway, or alternatively, the integration of three copies of egtABCDE, hisG and mfsT1 into the genome further increased the total EGT yield by 16.1% (64.6 mg/L) and 21.7% (67.7 mg/L), respectively. After 168‐h cultivation, the highest titer reached 85.9 mg/L in the latter strain with three inserted copies. This study provided a solid foundation for genome engineering to increase the production of EGT in M. neoaurum.
Co‐metabolism of Na+/K+ ion regulated physiological enhancement on selenium‐accumulation in Saccharomyces yeasts
Authors: Hao Wenhui , Li Ying , Guo Hanlin , Chen Jian , Pi Fuwei
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Selenium is an important nutritional supplement that mainly exists naturally in soil as inorganic selenium. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are excellent medium for converting inorganic selenium in nature into organic selenium.

RESULTS

Under the co‐stimulation of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and potassium selenite (K2SeO3), the activity of selenophosphate synthetase (SPS) was improved up to about five folds more than conventional Na2SeO3 group with the total selenite salts content of 30 mg/L. Transcriptome analysis first revealed that due to the sharing pathway between sodium ion (Na+) and potassium ion (K+), the K+ largely regulates the metabolisms of amino acid and glutathione under the accumulation of selenite salt. Furthermore, K+ could improve the tolerance performance and selenium‐biotransformation yields of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells under Na2SeO3 salt stimulation.

CONCLUSION

The important role of K+ in regulating the intracellular selenium accumulation especially in terms of amino acid metabolism and glutathione, suggested a new direction for the development of selenium‐enrichment supplements with Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Arithmeticity of the Kontsevich–Zorich monodromies of certain families of square‐tiled surfaces II
Authors: Kany Manuel , Matheus Carlos
Published: January 2024

In this note, we extend the scope of our previous work joint with Bonnafoux, Kattler, Niño, Sedano‐Mendoza, Valdez, and Weitze‐Schmithüsen by showing the arithmeticity of the Kontsevich–Zorich monodromies of infinite families of square‐tiled surfaces of genera four, five, and six.
On Fourier–Mukai type autoequivalences of Kuznetsov components of cubic threefolds
Authors: Liu Ziqi
Published: January 2024

We determine the group of all Fourier–Mukai type autoequivalences of Kuznetsov components of smooth complex cubic threefolds, and provide yet another proof for the Fourier–Mukai version of the categorical Torelli theorem for smooth complex cubic threefolds.
Polar Molecules Regulating the Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity of Polymerization of Conjugated Dienes Catalyzed by CGC‐Type Rare‐Earth Metal Catalysts
Authors: Fu Zhijie , Song Chuang , Chen Chongan , Qi Yuanxia , Pei Jingting , Chen Yuwei , Zheng Jie , Zhao Yanan , Luo Yi , Li Xiaofang
Published: January 2024

Herein, a concise, effective, and scalable strategy is reported that the introduction of polar molecules (PMs) (e.g., anisole (PhOMe), phenetole (PhOEt), 2‐methoxynaphthalene (NaphOMe), thioanisole (PhSMe), and N,N‐dimethylaniline (PhNMe2)) as continuously coordinated neutral ligand of cationic active species in situ generated from the constrain‐geometry‐configuration–type rare‐earth metal complexes A–F/AliBu3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] ternary systems can easily switch the regio‐ and stereoselectivity of the polymerization of conjugated dienes (CDs, including 2‐subsituted CDs such as isoprene (IP) and myrcene (MY), 1,2‐disubstituted CD ocimene (OC), and 1‐substituted polar CD 1‐(para‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐butadiene (p‐MOPB)) from poor selectivities to high selectivities (for IP and MY: 3,4‐selectivity up to 99%; for OC: trans‐1,2‐selectivity up to 93% (mm up to 90%); for p‐MOPB: 3,4‐syndioselectivity (3,4‐ up to 99%, rrrr up to 96%)). DFT calculations explain the continuous coordination roles of PMs on the regulation of the regio‐ and stereoselectivity of the polymerization of CDs. In comparison with the traditional strategies, this strategy by adding some common PMs is easier and more convenient, decreasing the synthetic cost and complex operation of new metal catalyst and cocatalyst. Such regio‐ and stereoselective regulation method by using PMs is not reported for the coordination polymerization of olefins catalyzed by rare‐earth metal and early transition metal complexes.
Synthetically accessible de novo design using reaction vectors: Application to PARP1 inhibitors**
Authors: Ghiandoni Gian Marco , Flanagan Stuart R. , Bodkin Michael J. , Nizi Maria Giulia , Galera‐Prat Albert , Brai Annalaura , Chen Beining , Wallace James E. A. , Hristozov Dimitar , Webster James , Manfroni Giuseppe , Lehtiö Lari , Tabarrini Oriana , Gillet Valerie J.
Published: January 2024

De novo design has been a hotly pursued topic for many years. Most recent developments have involved the use of deep learning methods for generative molecular design. Despite increasing levels of algorithmic sophistication, the design of molecules that are synthetically accessible remains a major challenge. Reaction‐based de novo design takes a conceptually simpler approach and aims to address synthesisability directly by mimicking synthetic chemistry and driving structural transformations by known reactions that are applied in a stepwise manner. However, the use of a small number of hand‐coded transformations restricts the chemical space that can be accessed and there are few examples in the literature where molecules and their synthetic routes have been designed and executed successfully. Here we describe the application of reaction‐based de novo design to the design of synthetically accessible and biologically active compounds as proof‐of‐concept of our reaction vector‐based software. Reaction vectors are derived automatically from known reactions and allow access to a wide region of synthetically accessible chemical space. The design was aimed at producing molecules that are active against PARP1 and which have improved brain penetration properties compared to existing PARP1 inhibitors. We synthesised a selection of the designed molecules according to the provided synthetic routes and tested them experimentally. The results demonstrate that reaction vectors can be applied to the design of novel molecules of biological relevance that are also synthetically accessible.
Design of circularly polarized antenna with wide overlapped axial‐ratio and gain beamwidths for upper hemispherical coverage
Authors: Ren Junhao , Liu Hongmei , Yu Da , Zeng Youjie , Wang Zhongbao
Published: January 2024

In this letter, a circularly polarized antenna with wide overlapped axial ratio and gain beamwidth is proposed for upper hemispherical coverage. By bending half of the dipoles to the vertical direction, and connecting eight metal columns to the ground, the half‐power beamwidth (HPBW) of all cut planes can be increased effectively. On the basis, one reactive impedance structure is applied as the reflector to achieve unidirectional radiation, as well as increase the 3‐dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) of the antenna. Miniaturized four‐feed networks are utilized to provide excitation, and the shielding technique is applied to reduce its influences on the antenna radiation performances. Measurements show that the proposed antenna can operate in the range of 1.51–1.59 GHz, which covers the upper band of global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Besides, at 1.561 GHz, the measured HPBWs and 3‐dB ARBWs are larger than 131° and 135° in all cut planes. The wide overlapped beamwidth of the proposed antenna with small size indicates the potential applications in high‐precision GNSS navigations.
A concept analysis of transitional care for people with cancer
Authors: Mardani Abbas , Azizi Maryam , Alazmani Noodeh Farshid , Alizadeh Azizeh , Maleki Maryam , Vaismoradi Mojtaba , Glarcher Manela
Published: January 2024

Aim

Transitional care as the journey between different caregivers in multiple healthcare centres is crucial for the provision of care to people with cancer, but it is often complex and poorly coordinated. This study aimed to analyse the concept of transitional care for people with cancer.

Design

Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted on the databases of PubMed (including MEDLINE), EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science to retrieve articles published between 2000 and 2022.

Results

Twenty‐nine eligible articles were selected and their findings were classified in terms of related concepts and alternative terms, antecedents, attributes and consequences. Attributes included three main categories, namely ‘nurse‐related attributes’, ‘organisation‐related attributes’ and ‘patient‐related attributes’. Antecedents of transitional care for people with cancer were categorized into two main categories: ‘patient‐related antecedents’ and ‘caregiver‐related antecedents’. Consequences were categorized into ‘psychological consequences’ and ‘objective consequences’.