bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Gugatan Wanprestasi Dalam Jual Beli Rumah Dan Tanah Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Semarang No.346/Pdt.G/2014/Pn.Smg.
Authors: Sadat Anwar , Kornitin Roa , Sukatama Susandhi , Darwin  , Agus Jaya Kurnia , Luthfi Hilmy Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini membahas analisis gugatan wanprestasi dalam transaksi jual beli rumah dan tanah, dengan fokus pada pertimbangan hukum dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Semarang No. 346/Pdt.G/2014/PN.Smg. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan hakim dalam mengabulkan gugatan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, yang dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan untuk menganalisis data sekunder, termasuk bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gugatan dikabulkan karena tergugat tidak memenuhi kewajibannya menyerahkan sertifikat hak milik kepada penggugat. Pertimbangan hakim menyoroti bahwa tergugat melanggar perjanjian dengan tidak menyelesaikan transaksi di hadapan Notaris atau Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) di Semarang. Akibat hukumnya adalah tergugat diwajibkan untuk melaksanakan perjanjian tersebut, termasuk memproses sertifikat kepemilikan atas nama penggugat. Putusan ini mengacu pada Pasal 1234 KUHPerdata.
PERAN TEORI KOGNITIVISME DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROSES PEMBELAJARAN PAI
Authors: Inna Nadhifah  , Layyinatus Shifa  , Falahut Tamam Al-Hasan  , Bakti Fatwa Anbiya
Published: January 2025

Kognitivisme dalam pembelajaran PAI juga memperhatikan aspek-aspek seperti struktur pengetahuan, pemecahan masalah, dan pengembangan pemahaman konsep yang lebih mendalam. Dalam hal ini peran kognitivisme adalah memberikan landasan dalam merancang strategi pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif, reflektif, dan berbasis pada kemampuan berpikir kritis. Misalnya dengan mengajak mahasiswa berdiskusi, berdebat, dan menganalisis berbagai permasalahan agama dalam konteks kehidupan modern, mereka tidak hanya memperoleh ilmu tetapi juga membangun argumentasi dan solusi berdasarkan pemahaman yang mendalam.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran teori kognitivisme dalam meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Teori kognitivisme menekankan pentingnya proses mental dalam memahami, mengorganisasikan, dan menginterpretasi informasi, yang diyakini dapat membantu siswa membangun pemahaman yang lebih mendalam dan bermakna terhadap materi PAI. Dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan kognitivisme, penelitian ini berfokus untuk mengidentifikasi sejauh mana teori ini dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan, motivasi, dan pemahaman siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka, yang menghimpun berbagai sumber bacaan, buku, jurnal, serta artikel yang relevan dengan pembahasan, dan dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang penerapan teori kognitivisme serta dampaknya terhadap proses belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan yang lebih mendalam bagi pendidik dalam merancang pembelajaran PAI yang lebih efektif, kreatif, dan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap nilai-nilai agama melalui proses berpikir kritis yang mendalam, sesuai dengan prinsip dasar teori kognitivisme.
Melalui pendekatan kognitif, pembelajaran PAI dapat menjadi lebih interaktif, berbasis pada pemikiran kritis, dan relevan dengan situasi yang dihadapi siswa. Dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran seperti diskusi, studi kasus, dan pembelajaran berbasis masalah, siswa dapat mengembangkan kemampuan untuk menganalisis, memecahkan masalah, serta menghubungkan ajaran Islam dengan pengalaman hidup mereka. Selain itu, teori ini mendorong pembelajaran yang bersifat aktif, dimana siswa berperan lebih besar dalam proses pembelajaran, sehingga pengetahuan agama yang diperoleh lebih mudah dipahami dan diterapkan dalam kehidupan nyata.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KAHOOT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR ANIMASI SISWA SMK KARSA MULYA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Thomas Orbit , Yedithia Fenroy , Handoko Setyo
Published: January 2025

Menjawab tantangan pembelajaran berbasis digital maka diperlukan sebuah media belajar berbasis digital yang dapat meningkatkan performa belajar siswa. Media belajar berbasis multimedia yang menarik dari audio maupun visualnya. Selain audio dan visual yang merangsang panca indra siswa, media belajar tersebut juga harus bersifat interaktif yang mengedepankan kerjasama, komunikasi dan interaksi antar siswa sehingga pembelajaran lebih powerful. Media pembelajaran Kahoot ini dirasa tepat digunakan karena ketika proses belajar berlangsung akan ada dimana siswa merasa tidak tertarik dengan media pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru. Biasanya guru hanya melakukan suatu pembelajaran yang monoton sehingga proses belajar yang dialami oleh siswa menjadi jenuh dan akhirnya akan berpengaruh terhadap perolehan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media Kahoot terhadap hasil belajar animasi siswa SMK Karsa Mulya Palangka Raya.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas XI Multimedia A SMK Karsa Mulya Palangka Raya tahun pelajaran 2023/2024berjumlah 33 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen untuk mengumpulkan data, yaitu tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan uji t Sampel Paired Test.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media Kahoot terhadap hasil belajar animasi Siswa SMK Karsa Mulya Palangka Raya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan program SPSS diperoleh nilai uji thitung sebesar Sig 0,000 < 0,05. Maka berdasarkan kriteria pengujian dapat dikatakan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti bahwa penggunaan media Kahoot berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar animasi Siswa SMK Karsa Mulya Palangka Raya.
Results of computational studies of reinforced concrete structures using an external reinforcement system based on composite materials
Authors: Baklykov Igor V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. In the course of the study, a calculated justification of the strength of a reinforced concrete beam reinforced with composite materials was performed. At the first stage, an elastic finite element model was developed to analyze the stress distribution and calculate the required reinforcement area. At the second stage, a nonlinear deformation model of concrete is included, the cracking process is taken into account. Iterative calculations have shown the achievement of the limiting state of the structure. At the third stage, a model with external composite reinforcement was created. The reinforcement reduced the deflection from 7.36 to 6.47 mm, reduced the stresses in the reinforcement by 17.46 % and increased the bearing capacity by 32 %. Experimental studies are planned, including consideration of dynamic effects and temperature and humidity factors.

Aim. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of fiber-reinforced polymer-based composite materials for reinforced concrete structures strengthening. The stress-strain states of reinforced and unreinforced structures were also compared.

Materials and methods. Computational studies of reinforced concrete structures were performed using the finite element method with nonlinear models in the ANSYS software package.

Results. The analysis of the stress-strain state of the reinforced concrete structure with and without external composite reinforcement was carried out, allowing for an assessment of the effectiveness of composite reinforcement for improving the strength and durability of the structure. The study models and analyzes the stress-strain state of such structures when using external reinforcement and evaluates the impact of composite materials on stress and deflection reducing, and load-bearing capacity of the structure increasing.

Conclusions. The study results indicate that using of composite materials for external reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures effectively reduces reinforcement stresses, decreases deflection, and prevents crack formation under composite covering. Maximum tensile stresses in the reinforcement were reduced by 17.46 %, and the load-bearing capacity of the structure increased by 32 % (from 126.75 to 167.31 kN).
Critical review of standardized test methods for determining the carbonation resistance of concrete
Authors: Falikman Vyacheslav R. , Dmitriev Nikita S.
Published: January 2025

Principal part. The article considers the recommendations on preliminary preparation and curing of specimens given in the existing domestic and foreign standards of concrete carbonization tests. The conditions of exposure to accelerated carbonization affect the mechanism of processes and the degree of changes that the material will experience. The concept of “maturity index” should be prioritized in future iterations of standards. There is a need to provide direct comparison of the results of different studies and to improve the understanding of how the internal properties of individual concrete types relate to their resistance to carbonation, to define principles for accurately translating carbonation rates in accelerated tests into natural carbonation rates for different types of concrete. Prescriptive and performance-based approaches to durability design of reinforced concrete structures are reviewed in this article. Often a direct correlation between carbonization ratio and compressive strength in concretes with mineral additives is not revealed, especially when the performance characteristics are determined by accelerated tests. Therefore, models of degradation of such concretes under the influence of carbon dioxide in semi-probabilistic, probabilistic calculations, and service life assessment need some refinement.

Conclusions. The existing standards for carbonation depth determination have significant differences from each other, in particular in the variants of specimen preparation, curing conditions, conditions during testing in the carbonation chamber. This leads to different results when tested to different standards. The performance-based approach to assessing the durability and service life of reinforced concrete structures can be considered an important advancement in structural concrete design. At present, the limitations in this approach are due to the fact that the various failure processes affecting the behavior of reinforced concrete structures are not fully studied and described in all necessary details, laboratory test methods do not always reflect the actual operating conditions, and the variation of concrete quality within a structure are determined by the heterogeneity and anisotropy of properties, the presence of defects, time-dependent parameters (shrinkage, creep), and other probabilistic factors.
Implementation Of The Inquiry Learning (Il) Model In Islamic Religious Education And Ethics Subjects Class VI In UPTD SDN 06 Guguak VIII Koto
Authors: Zainur Huda  , Adi Warma
Published: January 2025

The learning process of Islamic Religious Education and Ethics in elementary schools requires innovation that can improve the quality of education, one of which is through the application of the Inquiry Learning (IL) model. This study aims to examine the effect of the Inquiry Learning model on teacher competence, student interest and motivation to learn, and the achievement of learning outcomes in grade VI students at UPTD SDN 06 Guguak VIII Koto. Although many previous studies have examined the application of IL, there has been no research that specifically links IL with improving learning outcomes of Islamic Religious Education and Budi Pekerti in elementary schools. The methodology used in this research is quantitative and qualitative approaches through Classroom Action Research (PTK). The results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes, with pre-cycle learning completeness of 44.44%, cycle 1 of 55.56%, cycle 2 of 66.67%, and cycle 3 of 88.89%. The application of the Inquiry Learning model proved effective in improving students' competence in the field of Islamic Religious Education and Ethics, as well as increasing their learning motivation. This research has important implications in the application of the IL model as an alternative to improve the quality of learning in elementary schools.
Noisy-channel language comprehension in aphasia: A Bayesian mixture modeling approach
Authors: Ryskin Rachel , Gibson Edward , Kiran Swathi
Published: January 2025

Individuals with “agrammatic” receptive aphasia have long been known to rely on semantic plausibility rather than syntactic cues when interpreting sentences. In contrast to early interpretations of this pattern as indicative of a deficit in syntactic knowledge, a recent proposal views agrammatic comprehension as a case of “noisy-channel” language processing with an increased expectation of noise in the input relative to healthy adults. Here, we investigate the nature of the noise model in aphasia and whether it is adapted to the statistics of the environment. We first replicate findings that a) healthy adults (N = 40) make inferences about the intended meaning of a sentence by weighing the prior probability of an intended sentence against the likelihood of a noise corruption and b) their estimate of the probability of noise increases when there are more errors in the input (manipulated via exposure sentences). We then extend prior findings that adults with chronic post-stroke aphasia (N = 28) and healthy age-matched adults (N = 19) similarly engage in noisy-channel inference during comprehension. We use a hierarchical latent mixture modeling approach to account for the fact that rates of guessing are likely to differ between healthy controls and individuals with aphasia and capture individual differences in the tendency to make inferences. We show that individuals with aphasia are more likely than healthy controls to draw noisy-channel inferences when interpreting semantically implausible sentences, even when group differences in the tendency to guess are accounted for. While healthy adults rapidly adapt their inference rates to an increase in noise in their input, whether individuals with aphasia do the same remains equivocal. Further investigation of comprehension through a noisy-channel lens holds promise for a parsimonious understanding of language processing in aphasia and may suggest potential avenues for treatment.
Clearing in financial networks with constrained equal awards
Authors: Shafransky Ya. M.
Published: January 2025

Objectives. Financial networks with a rule of constrained equal awards for the distribution of the agent’s estate between its creditors are considered. The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for constructing greatest clearing matrices for such networks under zero cash reserves of all agents.

Methods. Graph theory and mathematical programming methods are used.

Results. A polynomial-time algorithm for constructing the greatest clearing matrices for financial networks with a rule of constrained equal awards for the distribution of the agent's estate between its creditors is proposed. It is assumed that the cash reserves of each agent are equal to zero (funds received from other agents are distributed among creditors). The algorithm is based on the use of the identified properties of weighted strongly connected graphs. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained under which the greatest clearing matrix is different from zero at zero cash reserves of agents'.

Conclusion. The developed approach can be used in constructing clearing algorithms for financial networks with other rules for distributing the agent’s estate between its creditors.
Design and Implementation of Aquascaping Automation System Using Arduino Uno R3
Authors: Musa Wahab , Abdussamad Syahrir , Dako Amirudin Yunus , Nasibu Iskandar Zulkarnain , Tansa Salmawaty , Ingopo Renaldi Anwar
Published: January 2025

One of the arts in creating a beautiful natural environment in an aquarium is aquascaping. It requires good planning in the placement of water, rocks, plants and animals in the aquarium. In addition, it is necessary to control the acidity level (pH) of the water so that it is in a stable condition needed by the flora and fauna in the aquarium. In this research, automatic control is implemented using an Arduino Uno R3 for the pH sensor. This Arduino Uno R3 is used to control pH, temperature, and lighting. The ideal temperature in aquascaping is kept at 220C - 250 C by controlling it through a DC fan, and the pH of the water is controlled through a water pump. With this automatic control, aquarium owners can save on monitoring costs and time compared to manual methods.Salah satu seni dalam menciptakan lingkungan alam yang indah di dalam akuarium adalah aquascaping. Diperlukan perencanaan yang baik dalam penempatan air, bebatuan, tanaman dan hewan di dalam akuarium. Selain itu, perlu adanya pengontrolan tingkat keasaman (pH) air agar berada dalam kondisi stabil yang dibutuhkan oleh flora dan fauna di dalam akuarium. Pada penelitian ini, kontrol otomatis diimplementasikan dengan menggunakan Arduino Uno R3 untuk sensor pH. Arduino Uno R3 ini digunakan untuk mengontrol pH, suhu, dan pencahayaan. Suhu ideal pada aquascaping dijaga pada suhu 220C - 250 C dengan mengontrolnya melalui kipas DC, dan pH air dikontrol melalui pompa air. Dengan kontrol otomatis ini, pemilik akuarium dapat menghemat biaya dan waktu pemantauan dibandingkan dengan metode manual.
Implementing AES-RSA Hybrid Encryption to Enhance the Security of Salary Slip Distribution Information System
Authors: Abdullah Riska Kurniyanto , Azhar Nur Fajri , Mujahidin Syamsul , Hoan Richard Owen
Published: January 2025

This study aims to enhance security and efficiency in the digital distribution of salary slips within the XYZ Higher Education environment. The proposed method combines hybrid encryption using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-128) and Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) algorithms, as well as integrates Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) for two-factor authentication. This approach ensures the confidentiality of sensitive data while minimizing the potential for data leakage or unauthorized access to employee salary information. In its implementation, the system is designed using the Laravel framework and the Scrum software development methodology, enabling an iterative, measurable, and easily adaptable development process. Testing results indicate that the system can distribute salary slips with an average data encryption time of 0.15 milliseconds per slip (using AES-128), and an average AES key decryption time with RSA of 5 milliseconds per operation over 100 test iterations. Furthermore, when two-factor authentication (TOTP) was applied, the rate of unauthorized access attempts dropped to 0% across 50 brute force attack simulation attempts. Thus, the hybrid encryption approach is proven effective in maintaining data integrity, and the integration of TOTP enhances user authentication security. These quantitative findings establish the system as a more measurable reference model for other institutions seeking to manage sensitive data securely, efficiently, and reliably.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keamanan dan efisiensi dalam pendistribusian slip gaji secara digital. Metode yang diusulkan yaitu memadukan enkripsi hibrida menggunakan algoritma (Advanced Encryption Standard) AES-128 dan (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) RSA, serta mengintegrasikan Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) sebagai autentikasi dua faktor. Pendekatan ini memastikan kerahasiaan data sensitif, sekaligus meminimalkan potensi kebocoran atau akses tidak sah terhadap informasi gaji karyawan. Dalam implementasinya, sistem dirancang menggunakan kerangka kerja Laravel dan metodologi pengembangan perangkat lunak Scrum, sehingga memungkinkan proses pengembangan yang iteratif, terukur, dan mudah diadaptasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat mendistribusikan slip gaji dengan rata-rata waktu enkripsi data sebesar 0,15 milidetik per slip (menggunakan AES-128) dan waktu dekripsi kunci AES menggunakan RSA rata-rata 5 milidetik per operasi, pada skenario 100 percobaan. Selain itu, saat pengujian autentikasi dua faktor (TOTP) diterapkan, tingkat kegagalan akses tidak sah menurun hingga 0% pada 50 percobaan simulasi serangan bruteforce. Dengan demikian, enkripsi hibrida terbukti efektif dalam menjaga integritas data, dan integrasi TOTP meningkatkan tingkat keamanan autentikasi pengguna. Hasil kuantitatif ini dapat dijadikan sebagai model acuan yang lebih terukur bagi institusi lain yang ingin mengelola data sensitif secara aman, dan andal.
Let's do theology - as in the book of Job: Developing theology in dialogue
Authors: Kessler V.
Published: January 2025

This article demonstrates how the Book of Job might inspire us to do theology in a different way. For nearly twomillennia, Christian theology has mainly been presented in monologues, either from the pulpit or in the classroom.The Book of Job offers an alternate way to develop theology – through dialogue. It is argued that the speechesof the three (or four) friends should be valued and viewed as an important part of the Book of Job. The faith-basedfacilitation (FBF) process, a praxis cycle developed by the Salvation Army, is used as a filter on the Book of Job. TheFBF process stresses communal decision-making and the importance of Kairos experiences. It is argued that the Book of Job contains at least two Kairos experiences, the divine speech from the storm and the soft voice in Eliphaz’ first speech, which was unfortunately overheard. The article ends with four conclusions for doing theology nowadays.
BOOK REVIEW Sinsoekers: Tussen twyfel en troos
Authors: Laubscher M.
Published: January 2025

A book review of "Sinsoekers: Tussen twyfel en troos" by Cilliers, J. (Aucklandpark: UJ Pers, 2023), pp. 203, ISBN: 978-1-7764827-6-4. The review is in Afrikaans.
Extreme Scale Height Variations and Nozzle Shocks in Warped Disks
Authors: Kaaz Nicholas , Lithwick Yoram , Liska Matthew , Tchekhovskoy Alexander
Published: January 2025

Accretion disks around both stellar-mass and supermassive black holes (BHs) are likely often warped. Whenever a disk is warped, its scale height varies with azimuth. Sufficiently strong warps cause extreme compressions of the scale height, which fluid parcels “bounce” off of twice per orbit to high latitudes. We study the dynamics of strong warps using (i) the nearly analytic “ring theory” of Fairbairn & Ogilvie, which we generalize to the Kerr metric, and (ii) three-dimensional general-relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of tori (“rings”) around BHs, using the H-AMR code. We initialize a ring with a warp and study its evolution on tens of orbital periods. The simulations agree excellently with the ring theory until the warp amplitude, ψ, reaches a critical value ψ
c. When ψ > ψ
c, the rings enter the bouncing regime. We analytically derive (and numerically validate) that

ψ

c

≈

(
r
/

r

g

)

−
1
/
2

in the non-Keplerian regime, where r
g = GM/c
2 is the gravitational radius, and M is the mass of the central object. Whenever the scale height bounces, the vertical velocity becomes supersonic, leading to “nozzle shocks” as gas collides at the scale height minima. Nozzle shocks damp the warp within ≈10–20 orbits, which is not captured by the ring theory. Nozzle shock dissipation leads to inflow timescales 1–2 orders of magnitude shorter than unwarped α disks, which may result in rapid variability, such as in changing-look active galactic nuclei or in the soft state of X-ray binaries. We propose that steady disks with strong warps may self-regulate to have amplitudes near ψ
c.
3D Convective Urca Process in a Simmering White Dwarf
Authors: Boyd Brendan , Calder Alan , Townsley Dean , Zingale Michael
Published: January 2025

A proposed setting for thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae is a white dwarf that has gained mass from a companion to the point of carbon ignition in the core. In the early stages of carbon burning, called the simmering phase, energy released by the reactions in the core drive the formation and growth of a core convection zone. One aspect of this phase is the convective Urca process, a linking of weak nuclear reactions to convection, which may alter the composition and structure of the white dwarf. The convective Urca process is not well understood and requires 3D fluid simulations to properly model the turbulent convection, an inherently 3D process. Because the neutron excess of the fluid both sets and is set by the extent of the convection zone, the realistic steady state can only be determined in simulations with real 3D mixing processes. Additionally, the convection is relatively slow (Mach number less than 0.005) and thus a low Mach number method is needed to model the flow over many convective turnovers. Using the MAESTROeX low Mach number hydrodynamic software, we present the first full-star 3D simulations of the A = 23 convective Urca process, spanning hundreds of convective turnover times. Our findings on the extent of mixing across the Urca shell, the characteristic velocities of the flow, the energy-loss rates due to neutrino emission, and the structure of the convective boundary can be used to inform 1D stellar models that track the longer-timescale evolution.
The MBH–M∗ Relation up to z ∼ 2 through Decomposition of COSMOS-Web NIRCam Images
Authors: Tanaka Takumi S. , Silverman John D. , Ding Xuheng , Jahnke Knud , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Lambrides Erini , Onoue Masafusa , Andika Irham Taufik , Bongiorno Angela , Faisst Andreas L. , Gillman Steven , Hayward Christopher C. , Hirschmann Michaela , Koekemoer Anton , Kokorev Vasily , Liu Zhaoxuan , Magdis Georgios E. , Renzini Alvio , Casey Caitlin , Drakos Nicole E. , Franco Maximilien , Gozaliasl Ghassem , Kartaltepe Jeyhan , Liu Daizhong , McCracken Henry Joy , Rhodes Jason , Robertson Brant , Toft Sune
Published: January 2025

Our knowledge of relations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z ≳ 1 is still limited, even though being actively sought out to z ∼ 6. Here, we use the high resolution and sensitivity of JWST to measure the host galaxy properties for 107 X-ray-selected type-I active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at 0.68 < z < 2.5 with rest-frame optical/near-infrared imaging from COSMOS-Web and PRIMER. Black hole masses (

log

M

BH

/

M

⊙

∼
6.9

−

9.6

) are available from previous spectroscopic campaigns. We extract the host galaxy components from four NIRCam broadband images and the Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys F814W image by applying a 2D image decomposition technique. We detect the host galaxy for  ∼90% of the sample after subtracting the unresolved AGN emission. With host photometry free of AGN emission, we determine the stellar mass of the host galaxies to be

log

M

*

/

M

⊙

∼

9.5
−

11.6

through spectral energy distribution fitting and measure the evolution of the mass relation between SMBHs and their host galaxies. Considering selection biases and measurement uncertainties, we find that the M
BH/M
*ratio evolves as

1
+
z

0.4

8

−
0.62

+
0.31

thus remains essentially constant or exhibits mild evolution up to z ∼ 2.5. We also see an amount of scatter (

σ

μ

=
0.3

0

−
0.13

+
0.14

), similar to the local relation and consistent with low-z studies, and a noncausal cosmic assembly history where mergers contribute to the statistical averaging toward the local relation is still feasible. We highlight improvements to come with larger samples from JWST and, particularly, Euclid, which will exceed the statistical power of current wide and deep surveys.
Identifying Galactic Substructures in 5D Space Using All-sky RR Lyrae Stars in Gaia DR3
Authors: Sun Shenglan , Wang Fei , Zhang Huawei , Xue Xiang-Xiang , Huang Yang , Zhang Ruizhi , Rix Hans-Walter , Li Xinyi , Liu Gaochao , Zhang Lan , Yang Chengqun , Zhang Shuo
Published: January 2025

Motivated by the vast gap between photometric and spectroscopic data volumes, there is great potential in using 5D kinematic information to identify and study substructures of the Milky Way. We identify substructures in the Galactic halo using 46,575 RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) from Gaia Data Release 3, with photometric metallicities and distances newly estimated by X.-Y. Li et al. Assuming a Gaussian prior distribution of radial velocity, we calculate the orbital distribution characterized by the integrals of motion for each RRL, based on its 3D positions, proper motions, and corresponding errors, and then apply the friends-of-friends algorithm to identify groups moving along similar orbits. We have identified several known substructures, including the Sagittarius stream, the Hercules-Aquila Cloud (HAC), the Virgo Overdensity (VOD), Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage (GES), the Orphan-Chenab stream, Cetus-Palca, the Helmi streams, Sequoia, Wukong, and the Large Magellanic Cloud leading arm, as well as 18 unknown groups. Our findings indicate that the HAC and VOD have kinematic and chemical properties remarkably similar to GES, with most HAC and VOD members exhibiting eccentricity as high as GES, suggesting that they may share a common origin with GES. The ability to identify low-mass and spatially dispersed substructures further demonstrates the potential of our method, which breaks the limit of spectroscopic surveys and is competent for probing substructures throughout the whole Galaxy. Finally, we also identify 18 unknown groups with good spatial clustering and proper-motion consistency, suggesting the possibility of further excavation of Milky Way substructures in the future with only 5D data.
A New Interpretation for the Hot Corona in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Yan-Rong , Wang Jian-Min
Published: January 2025

This work attempts to provide a new interpretation for the hot corona in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). A thin parabolic magnetic reconnection layer, anchored at the innermost disk and extending along the boundary of the magnetic tower for a few tens of gravitational radii, serves as a hard-X-ray source above the disk. Within this reconnection layer, the tearing instability leads to the formation of a chain of plasmoids, which contain relativistic electrons that generate X-ray radiation through inverse-Compton (IC) scattering of soft photons emitted by the accretion disk. Based on previous theoretical works and numerical simulations, we develop a heuristic framework to parameterize the geometry and magnetization of the reconnection layer, as well as to compute both the power of the IC-scattering radiation and the height of the reconnection layer. Our model allows for a quantitative investigation of the relation between the height of the corona and the X-ray radiation luminosity, which can be directly compared against the observed relation from X-ray reverberation mapping of individual AGNs. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the observations of IRAS 13224-3809, indicating the validation of our model.
Palm community structure association with topography, hydrography and forest density in a remote site in the Iriri river valley, Eastern Amazon
Authors: von Schmalz Karin Elisabeth , Hernandez Ruz Emil José , Araujo de Souza Dilailson , de Oliveira Jr. Angelino Pereira , De Pinho Alvarez Wellington , Salm Rodolfo
Published: January 2025

Background and aims – Palms (Arecaceae) are crucial to Amazonian ecosystems, contributing to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and forest resilience, and providing non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for local populations. This study investigated how topography, hydrography, and forest density influence palm community structure in a remote Eastern Amazon site, addressing knowledge gaps in this region.

Material and methods – A field survey was conducted in 100 plots along a 5 km transect within the Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve, Pará, Brazil. Palm species were identified, and topographic and hydrographic data, including NDVI, altitude, proximity to permanent and intermittent streams, and terrain characteristics were collected. Species richness and composition were analysed using Redundancy Analysis (RDA), general linear models (GLM), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bayesian regression models.

Key results – Eighteen palm species were recorded, dominated by Attalea speciosa, Geonoma baculifera, and Euterpe longibracteata, providers of NTFPs. NDVI and altitude significantly influenced species composition, with denser forests favouring species such as G. baculifera, while others, such as A. speciosa, were found in less dense areas. The presence of igarapés (shallow, slow Amazonian streams) was the strongest predictor of species richness and composition, favouring E. oleracea and G. baculifera.

Conclusion – Palm community structure in the study area was shaped by environmental gradients, particularly NDVI, terrain shape and proximity to igarapés. These findings highlight the ecological importance of topographic and hydrographic features in structuring palm diversity and offer insights for conservation and management strategies in the Eastern Amazon.
First records of Oxychilus alliarius and O. cellarius (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Oxychilidae) in Mexico: mtDNA identification and potential distributions
Authors: Trujillo-Díaz Ali Gabrielle , Araiza-Gómez Victoria , García-Román Jazmín , Hernández-Domínguez José Luis , Zúñiga Gerardo , Naranjo-García Edna
Published: January 2025

This paper reports the first Mexican records of Oxychilus alliarius (Puebla, State of Mexico, Mexico City) and O. cellarius (Mexico City), and expands the Mexican distribution of O. draparnaudi to Querétaro, Tlaxcala, and State of Mexico. These three introduced land snail species were identified by combining their genital anatomy and mitochondrial COI DNA sequence data. A two-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of shell shape variation based on both apertural and apical views showed that there were no significant conchological differences between the three species except, to some degree, size. Using locality data of newly collected specimens, information from previous studies, and data retrieved from GBIF and iNaturalist, an analysis of the potential distributions of Oxychilus species in Mexico was conducted with an R implementation of Maxent. This showed that Oxychilus tends to occupy principally the Southern Highlands and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt Province.
Quand le racket devient tétine : une approche humaniste
Authors: Piton Christophe , Pandya Anisha
Published: January 2025

L’auteure présente un modèle qui remet en perspective le concept de racket. Elle passe en revue les premiers écrits sur les rackets et étudie leur fonction d’auto-apaisement. Le terme « tétine » est introduit comme une alternative au « racket » pour suggérer qu’une perspective humaniste offre une approche plus riche pour comprendre les processus intrapsychiques. À partir de son expérience psychothérapeutique en lien avec des parents de nourrissons ainsi qu’avec des clients adultes, l’auteure souligne le rôle des prédispositions génétiques et du corps dans le développement des rackets. Son modèle identifie les tâches parentales qui favorisent le développement de l’intelligence émotionnelle pendant la petite enfance et suggère un lien entre l’impact du parentage et le développement ultérieur des rackets. Différents types de rackets sont illustrés et les causes du choix de rackets spécifiques par l’individu sont identifiées.
Labour Mobility in the EU
Authors: Toplak Kristina , Vah Jevšnik Mojca
Published: January 2025

The book Labour Mobility in the EU is an edited volume that explores a variety of existing and emerging challenges concerning labour mobility in the EU through the prism of different professions and mobile professionals. A multidisciplinary approach and the utilization of different methodologies pave the path for analytical discussions about the effects of intra-EU mobility, efficiency and equity of free mobility within the EU and multiple implications for individuals, states and national policies. Th­e book opens with a theoretical chapter, which provides an exhaustive insight into the mobility as a theoretical concept, policy agenda and fundamental European value. Next, the complex interplay of multiple and multi-level effects of labour mobility is illuminated through five case studies that outline the dilemmas, paradoxes, impacts and consequences of intra-EU mobility on the case of mobility of healthcare workers, artists and creative workers, posted workers,  care workers and highly educated professionals. The contributing authors’ case studies are a result of longstanding scholarly research and active participation in a variety of projects relating to mobility.
Biti Slovenec v Argentini
Authors: Molek Nadia
Published: January 2025

Nadia Molek offers an analysis of the complexity of identity processes of Argentine-Slovenians, which adresses a new contribuition to the historical, ethnological and anthropological researches about the Slovenian migration processes to Argentina.

Through an intensive ethnographic empirical research, autoetnography as well as anthropological analysis of secondary sources, the book looks to connect the different socio-cultural and historical-political circumstances that contextualized the diverse migration and integration processes of the Slovenians to Argentina with the different processes of clustering, grupal differentiation and identities. What does Slovenianess entail for the different migration flows? Do they share the feeling of belonging together to the same imagined community? These are the central research questions of a book that deals with the different configuration of Slovenianess and community structurations in Argentina. Molek looks to surpass the previous assimilationist interpretations of the immigration and identity processes of the Slovenians to Argentina.  The aim of the book is to demonstrate that Slovenianess in Argentina is not »disappearing«, but it is a dynamic and heterogeneous, negotiated and reshaped by the actors in relational contextes.
Revolutionizing Manufacturing: The Role of Robotics in the 21st Century
Authors: Dassanayake D. R. I. , Buddhika M. K. , Maduranga I. D. K. , Seneviratne J. A. , Kumarage W. G. C.
Published: January 2025

The Industrial robotics sector is experiencing rapid growth driven by the escalating need for automation across various industries. This review systematically analyses the prevailing trends, challenges, and future directions of robotic technologies within the manufacturing sector. This review article delves into the prevailing trends, inherent challenges, and future directions of robotic technologies in the manufacturing sector. The study employed a comprehensive literature review and case analysis, focusing on key robotic methodologies such as collaborative robots (cobots), digital twin (DT) technology, and machine vision systems integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) for enhanced performance optimisation. Through the methodological approach of synthesising case studies and empirical findings from leading enterprises such as Amazon and DHL, this review leverages logistics robots, including autonomous pick-and-place systems, to enhance operational efficiency in their warehouse. Additionally, the integration of machine vision systems powered by convolutional neural networks (CNN) enables precise object recognition and positioning, fostering a collaborative human-robot interaction framework. Key findings indicate that cobots are increasingly pivotal in augmenting industrial efficiency while maintaining safety in human-robot collaboration. Furthermore, Digital Twin technology has proven instrumental in simulating real-time manufacturing environments, optimising assembly line performance and predictive maintenance strategies. However, several challenges persist, including the difficulty of programming robots to handle complex objects and the complexities of balancing human and robot activities in synchronised tasks. Despite the advantages of these robotic systems, significant challenges remain. A significant hurdle lies in programming robots to accurately identify and manipulate complex objects, often necessitating iterative trial-and-error methods. Besides that, balancing the assembly line and effectively scheduling the robotics and human activities is important. Additionally, industrial robots face technological limitations, including the complexity of multitasking, alongside social and ethical concerns. The review concludes that while industrial robots have revolutionised many aspects of manufacturing, ongoing research is required to overcome technological limitations, such as multitasking capabilities and ethical concerns related to human labour displacement. Anticipated advancements in robotics and AI are expected to enhance manufacturing efficiency further and expand robotic applications beyond traditional industrial settings in the coming years.
Efficacy of trigger point injection for non-malignant persistent musculoskeletal pain: a narrative review
Authors: Giannaki Alkisti , Rekatsina Martina , Hassouna Mohamed , Cregg Roman
Published: January 2025

Myofascial pain is a commonly occurring reason for pain complaints and can affect patients' daily activities, work commitments and well-being. Several non-invasive approaches practised for myofascial trigger point relief are stretching, massage therapy, ischemic compression, and heat- therapy. Invasive treatment for trigger points commonly refers to the injection of fluid directly into the trigger points using a variety of substances, such as sterile water, saline, local anaesthetics, long-acting corticosteroids, or botulinum toxin. This review evaluates the efficacy of trigger point injections (TrPI) for patients with myofascial pain syndrome compared with non-invasive management options through published studies. In accordance with SANRA guidelines, 35 studies that focused on comparing TrPI and other therapeutic interventions managing myofascial pain syndrome, were included. Results indicate that a combination of TrPI, ultrasound therapy and myofascial stretches was found to be more effective than a stand-alone trigger point intervention. Tropisetron showed a 50% decrease in pain, botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), and lidocaine injection also demonstrated improvement, although short-term, of up to 4 weeks. Physiotherapy in conjunction with BTX-A increased the efficacy of TrPI. Ultimately, both TrPI and ESWT demonstrated comparable results in managing myofascial pain syndrome. A clear limitation was a lack of objective clinical imaging testing while identifying trigger points or tender points. Current practice in treating myofascial pain syndrome remains empirical without established clinical standards. Although, TrPI have demonstrated its value in treating myofascial pain syndrome, future research is warranted addressing its effectiveness within a multidisciplinary approach instead of a stand-alone treatment. Pain perception, culture and genetics should also be taken into consideration in future studies as other risk factors.
Reimagining Ghana’s cities: Perspectives from the Bible and African Indigenous Sacred Texts
Authors: Mensah Michael K.
Published: January 2025

Africa has some of the world’s fastest-growing cities. While urbanisation could be a sign of economic growth, the expansion of these cities is often done at the expense of social and environmental concerns. This article uses the Sacred Texts Approach of African Biblical Hermeneutics in studying Psalm 46. It argues that the two-fold threats to the City of God, namely the cosmic and the human, are the same threats to the cities in Ghana.Contribution: It demonstrates how the parallel reading of Psalm 46 and the Adinkra Fihankra contributes to the re-imagination of the city as a common household, a space of cosmic and social harmony in Africa.
$p$-adic Simpson correspondence via prismatic crystals
Authors: Min Yu , Wang Yupeng
Published: January 2025

Let

\mathfrak{X}

be a smooth

p

-adic formal scheme over

\mathcal{O}_{K}

with adic generic fibre

X

. We obtain a global equivalence between the category

\def\Prism{\vartriangle\hspace*{-3.9pt}{\tiny\vartriangle}}
\mathrm{Vect}((\mathfrak{X})_{\Prism},\overline{\mathcal{O}}_{{\Prism}}[\frac{1}{p}])\quad

of rational Hodge–Tate crystals on the absolute prismatic site

\def\Prism{\vartriangle\hspace*{-3.9pt}{\tiny\vartriangle}}
(\mathfrak{X})_{\Prism}

and the category

\mathrm{HIG}^{\mathrm{nil}}_{*}(X)

of enhanced Higgs bundles on 

X

. Along the way, we construct an inverse Simpson functor from

\mathrm{HIG}^{\mathrm{nil}}_{*}(X)

to the category

\mathrm{Vect}(X_{\text{pro\'{e}t}},\widehat{\mathcal{O}}_{X})

of generalised representations on

X

, which turns out to be fully faithful.
Maximal subrings of division rings
Authors: Azarang Alborz
Published: January 2025

The structure and the existence of maximal subrings in division rings are investigated. We see that if

R

is a maximal subring of a division ring

D

with center

F

and

N(R)\neq U(R)\cup \{0\}

, where

N(R)

is the normalizer of

R

in

D

, then either

R

is a division ring with

[D:R]_{l}=[D:R]_{r} < \infty

, or

R

is an Ore

G

-domain with certain properties. In particular, if

F\subsetneq C_{D}(R)

, the centralizer of

R

in

D

, then

R=C_{D}(\beta)

is a division ring, for each

\beta\in C_{R}(R)\setminus F

,

[D:R]_{l}

is finite if and only if

\beta

is algebraic over

F

,

[D:R]_{l}=[D:R]_{r}=[F[\beta]:F]

and

C_{R}(R)=F[\beta]

. On the other hand, if

R

does not contain

F

, then

R\cap F=C_{R}(R)

is a maximal subring of

F

. Consequently, if a division ring

D

has a noncentral element which is algebraic over the center of

D

, then

D

has a maximal subring. In particular, we prove that if

D

is a noncommutative division ring with center

F

, then either

D

has a maximal subring or

\dim_{F}(D)\geq |F|

. We study when a maximal subring of a division ring is a left duo ring or certain valuation rings. Finally, we prove that if

D

is an existentially complete division ring over a field

K

, then

D

has a maximal subring of the form

C_{D}(x)

where

D

is finite over it. Moreover, if

R

is a maximal subring of

D

with

K\subsetneq C_{R}(R)

, then

R=C_{D}(x)

for some

x\in D\setminus K

, which is algebraic over

K

.
$L_{\kappa\omega}$-equivalence of abelian groups with partial decomposition bases
Authors: Loth Peter
Published: January 2025

We consider the class of abelian groups possessing partial decomposition bases in the language

L_{\kappa \omega}

for uncountable cardinals

\kappa

. Jacoby, Leistner, Loth and Strüngmann developed a numerical invariant deduced from the classical global Warfield invariant and proved that if two groups have identical modified Ulm invariants and Warfield invariants up to

\omega\delta

for some ordinal

\delta

, then they are equivalent in

L_{\infty\omega}^{\delta}

. Subsequently, Jacoby and Loth showed that the converse is true for appropriate

\delta

. In this paper we prove that the modified Warfield invariant up to

\kappa

is expressible in

L_{\kappa\omega}

, thus a complete classification theorem in

L_{\kappa \omega}

is obtained. This generalizes a result of Barwise and Eklof.
Об аналоге задачи Гельфонда для разложений Островского
Authors: Zhukova Alla Adol'fovna , Shutov Anton Vladimirovich
Published: January 2025

В работе рассмотрен аналог задачи А.О.Гельфонда о распределении сумм цифр $b$-ичных разложений натуральных чисел
по арифметическим прогрессиям. Вместо $b$-ичных разложений рассматриваются разложения в систему счисления Островского, связанную
с произвольным иррациональным $\alpha$.
Об аналоге одной теоремы Воеводского
Authors: Tyurin Dimitrii Nikolaevich
Published: January 2025

Пусть $F$ является $\mathbb{A}^{1}$-инвариантным квази-стабильным $\mathbb{Z}F_{\ast}$-предпучком, $X\in Sm/k$ - $k$-гладкой схемой и $x\in X$ - точкой коразмерности $d$ в $X$. Тогда для любого $n\geqslant0$ имеют место изоморфизмы
$$
H^{n}_{x}(X,F_{Nis})=
\begin{cases}
F_{-d}(Spec(k(x))) & n=d
0 & n\neq d
\end{cases}
$$
Отсюда следует, что последовательность Герстена такого предпучка $F$ является точной.