bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matrix tool in the production of integrated care in the family health strategy
Authors: Jorge Maria Salete Bessa , Pinto Diego Muniz , Vasconcelos Mardênia Gomes Ferreira , Pinto Antonio Germane Alves , Souza Rândson Soares de , Caminha Emília Cristina Carvalho Rocha
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To analyze how the matrix support in mental health contributes to the production of comprehensive care with an emphasis on the interrelationships between worker / user / family. METHODS: Research with a qualitative approach that used the techniques of interview, focus group and systematic observation. Data analysis was based on critical hermeneutics. RESULTS: Matrix support in mental health assumes pedagogical and technical assistance dimensions, which favor the interaction between primary care teams and specialist teams of the Center for Psychosocial Care (CAPS), ensuring territorially-based care, with interaction of different knowledge and practices. It further contributes to the redirection of the flow of users in seeking care for their health needs, articulating the levels of health care. The worker / user / family interrelationships are closer and allow better accommodation to the demands and bond of the team with the user and his family. However, difficulties such as consolidation of the matrix support, and the predominance of biomedical practice are noted. CONCLUSION: The matrix support contributes an expansion of the spaces of mental health care in the territory, opening living spaces, creation in the reaction of the worker / user / family, and thus configuring itself as a device for the production of integrated care.
Violence in daily hospital nursing work
Authors: Vasconcellos Ilmeire Ramos Rosembach de , Griep Rosane Härter , Lisboa Marcia Tereza Luz , Rotenberg Lúcia
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of referred verbal, physical and sexual violence and factors associated with verbal violence in nursing teams' work at public hospitals. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, involving 1509 workers at three public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro City - (RJ). Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were applied. Significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The frequencies of verbal, physical and sexual violence amounted to 982 (65.1%), 46 (3%) and 87 (5.7%), respectively. After applying multivariate analysis, higher chances of referred verbal violence were observed among women, younger professionals, with higher education levels, nurses, who were contracted and receive low levels of social support at work. CONCLUSION: Verbal violence is frequent in the hospital work environment and associated with different characteristics. A less hostile environment needs to be built for nursing workers.
Discovery of hearing impairment by the family: seeing an idealized future collapse
Authors: Vieira Sheila de Souza , Bevilacqua Maria Cecília , Ferreira Noeli Marchioro Liston Andrade , Dupas Giselle
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To portray the family experience when the discovery of hearing impairment in their child. METHODS: Qualitative research with Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory as theoretical and methodological frameworks. Data collection instrument: semi-structured interview. The study included nine families (32 participants). RESULTS: The theme, "Seeing an idealized future collapse", shows that for the family, discovered the possibility of having a child with hearing loss is a moment that involves many negative feelings. CONCLUSION: Discover the hearing loss has a meaning of the expected loss of the perfect child, frustrated expectations and uncertain future. The family has been inadequately approached and the diagnosis has been made late, which requires immediate changes to the practices of professionals.
Risk factors for surgical site infection in cardiac surgery
Authors: Silva Quenia Cristina Gonçalves da , Barbosa Maria Helena
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the period between July 2005, and July 2010. METHODS: A quantitative, historical cohort study that evaluated 384 patients in a public teaching hospital. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used for data analysis and for descriptive analysis, measures of association in contigency tables and logistic regression were used. RESULTS: It was found that 36 (9.4%) patients developed a SSI and that mortality occurred in 14 (38.9%). Staphylococcus aureus was the prevalent microorganism (12, 27.3%) In the multivariate analysis, the risk factors identified as predictors of SSI were male gender, intubation for more than 24 hours, and reintubation. CONCLUSION: The risk factors predictive of the occurence of SSI (p<0.05) were: male gender, reintubation, and intubation for more than 24 hours.
Care of adolescents sheltered in maternity hospitals from the perspective of health professionals
Authors: Penna Lucia Helena Garcia , Rodrigues Raquel Fonseca , Lucido Valéria Aliprandi , Guedes Claudia Rosane , Lima Licia Maria Accioly
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: Discuss determinant aspects of quality care of pregnant adolescents sheltered in a maternity hospital, according to the perspective of health professionals. METHODS: Study with a qualitative, exploratory approach, conducted in a maternity hospital in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro - RJ, reference for sheltered youngsters. The subjects of the study were 14 health professionals. The data were treated according to the Content Analysis technique. RESULTS: Two categories of analysis emerged: Characteristics of care provided by health professionals at the maternity hospital directed towards the sheltered adolescent mother and her child; Characteristics of the organization/structure of the maternity hospital that affected the care of the sheltered pregnant adolescents. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to incorporate the guiding practices of integrality/interdisciplinarity into the service. The stigmatization of these youngsters is one of the greatest challenges to full assistance and care. The maternity hospital space is a rich environment for the nurse-adolescent dialogic process.
Intensive care unit: a significant space for the professor-student relationship
Authors: Guedes Glauteice Freitas , Ohara Conceição Vieira da Silva , Silva Gilberto Tadeu Reis da
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To address the relationship between professor and student within the ICU environment, from the perspective of professors. METHODS: Qualitative study in the phenomenological modality, in which six professors were interviewed - three from a public institution and three from a private institution, they supervised nursing students in an adult ICU. RESULTS: From the study individuals statements, semantic categories emerged that allowed the learning of the essence of the phenomenon studied. During the analytical process, there was separation into two subcategories: An approximation and facilitating the process of teaching-learning. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of nursing internships in ICU provides an inter-relationship between student and professor, favoring an approximation with others and a personalization of learning, which significantly contributes to enrich the teaching and learning process and the student-professor relationship.
Welcoming with Risk Classification in the Hospital São Paulo's Emergency Department
Authors: Fernandes Flávia Saraiva Leão , Lima Beatriz de Souza , Ribeiro Maria Nazaré
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: Describe the implementation of the Welcoming with Risk Classification in the Hospital São Paulo´s Emergency Department, as well as present its theoretical reference. The Protocol determines the waiting time for health treatment based on the severity of the patient's condition, and it is performed by a registered nurse. The Welcoming with Risk Classification strategy enables the organization of patient flow and better identification of patients, giving priority to patients with greater risks of death and health problems; offers information to citizens who seek Hospital São Paulo about the Brazilian public health system (SUS); shows the kind of healthcare and the type of patient that are present in the hospital (most of the patients could have sought other levels of care such as primary care). The implementation process generated subsidies for the discussion on the role of the HSP ED within SUS in the city of São Paulo.
Compressive strength of calcium aluminate mortar determined by ultrasonic non-destructive test method
Authors: Šipušić Juraj , Ukrainczyk Neven , Vrbos Nevenka
Published: March 2013

The early-age hydration of a number of calcium aluminate cement pastes and mortar materials was investigated using compressive strength and ultrasonic through-transmission measurements. Ultrasonic signals obtained were successfully described in the temporal domain by a single Gaussian wave packet equation giving five characteristic parameters – amplitude A, angular frequency ω, phase shift, wave centre arrival time and signal width. The group velocity of ultrasonic wave propagation (vG) is suggested to be a more sound parameter characterising the material under study than the generally employed ultrasound velocity determined from the ‘time of flight' parameter. The combination of parameters AωρvG showed a linear correlation with the measured compressive strengths for all the samples tested. The physical meaning of the AωρvG group of parameters is given and its application is further discussed in relation to other testing procedures.
Modeling Gas Solubility in Water for Foam Propagation in Porous Media
Authors: Beni Ali Naderi , Varavei Abdoljalil , Delshad Mojdeh , Farajzadeh Rouhollah
Published: March 2013

The gas solubility in water is one of the important influencing factors for foam rheology in porous media in foam flood processes for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). With regard to the application, numerical simulation plays a critical role in integrating geological, geophysical, and hydrological lab or field observations. In other words, validation of such processes can be based on lab analogues. Therefore, this type of exercise is necessary before making decision for permitting of foam flood projects.

In this study, fluid flow components of foam injection process are identified and quantified using well-constrained coreflood experimental data. The method allows estimating the foam evolution within complex numerical models. In particular, solubility features associated with injected gas at room temperature were first determined experimentally using a coreflood and X-ray tomography. Then, this problem is modeled with our in-house compositional reservoir simulator employing different foam models with varying complexity. These include local-equilibrium approximation considerations based on population balance and a table-look-up approach modeling of the fully coupled fluid flow and mass transport equations on different grid systems. A three-phase flash cubic equation of state (EOS) is used to allow for mutual solubilities of water, oil, and gas in all three phases. Also, the finite-difference structured and un-structured grids and the finite-difference approximation of the pressure and component molar-balance equations are used in the simulator employing an implicit pressure and explicit phase saturations and compositions (IMPES) solution scheme.

We obtained a fairly good match between the experimental and the simulation results confirming that we can use the simulator to predict the physical and chemical behavior of Foam-Assisted-EOR systems. With respect to the oil recovery, the simulation results indicate that unlike CO2, N2 foam produces more oil. It is also shown that the key parameters in model development include compositional EOS, the choice of solver and solution algorithm, grid discretization, and fluid flow characteristic curves.

This method is particularly important since it allows for the easy identification and evolution of the spread of foam plume. Further, this framework offers a guide for inclusion of existing knowledge on foam into practical numerical simulator.
Highly Optimized Phase Equilibrium Calculations
Authors: Haugen Kjetil B. , Beckner Bret L.
Published: March 2013

Phase equilibrium calculations can consume a significant fraction of total CPU time in compositional reservoir simulations. Thus, reducing the number calculations based on information from previous time steps is a common practice. Nevertheless, each time step requires a certain number of phase equilibrium calculations, and their computational cost ultimately depends on the speed at which the individual calculation is performed. The non-linear nature of phase equilibrium calculations requires an iterative solution procedure. A common approach is to combine successive substitutions and Newton iterations. However, accelerated successive substitutions, quasi-Newton methods, and reduced methods can reduce the number of iterations or the computational cost per iteration. Unfortunately, the importance of code optimization is rarely discussed in the literature. This paper investigates the impact of a handful of optimization techniques on the execution speeds of phase equilibrium algorithms. A series of benchmarks indicates that improving the instruction level parallelism in dense linear algebra operations and in the evaluation of transcendental functions leads to a 2X speed-up. An additional 3X performance improvement is achieved by a combination of SIMD vectorization and mixed precision implementations.
CO2 Mobility and Transitions between Co-Current and Counter-Current Flows
Authors: Javaheri Mohammad , Jessen Kristian
Published: March 2013

In this work, we study the modeling of CO2 migration/mobility in two-phase displacements of relevance to sequestration processes in saline aquifers. The main focus of this paper is on accurate modeling and robust numerical implementation of transitions between co-current and counter-current flows in fully implicit simulation of multiphase flow.

Several experimental and modeling studies have demonstrated that relative permeability decreases when multiphase flow transitions from co-current to counter-current settings in strongly water-wet porous materials. However, the associated implications in the context of CO2 sequestration design and optimization have not yet been studied or implemented in commonly available reservoir simulation tools.

In this study, the relative permeability of each phase is considered to be flow dependent, and a continuous transition between co-current and counter-current relative permeability functions (including hysteresis) has been implemented and tested in a fully implicit reservoir simulator. The transition is represented as a scanning loop between the bounding co- and counter-current relative permeability functions. This allows us to gauge the impact of transitions from co-current to counter-current flow on the vertical movement of CO2 and its impact on sweep efficiency, plume migration and entrapment in sequestration process.

Our formulation/implementation of flow dependent relative permeability functions is demonstrated to maintain the numerical stability of conventional fully implicit schemes. However, the total simulation time increases slightly because of the decrease in the vertical mobility and the associated increased travel distance prior to full phase segregation. Furthermore, the footprint of CO2 in the top layers of a reservoir, as predicted by traditional and by our new approach, is shown to be quite different. The results and analysis presented in this paper demonstrate that it is necessary to consider/integrate this effect in numerical calculations whenever transitions between co-current and counter-current flow may occur.
A Comparison of Analytic and Segmented Heat and Quality Loss in Thermal Steam Injection Wells
Authors: Stone Terry W. , Li Gary , Pallister Ian
Published: March 2013

Loss of steam quality and energy in steam injection wells is a key component in the design of steam-based thermal operations. These operations are increasingly employing more sophisticated wells that have longer trajectories with multiple control points. Reservoir simulation of thermal fields requires high accuracy in thermal boundary conditions for all wells, and conductive heat loss often plays a large role in overall energy conservation. Thermal injection wells are usually modelled only in the reservoir where injection enthalpy and steam quality at the bottom hole depth are estimated. In this paper, an examination is made of the benefits of modelling conductive heat and quality loss through the upper formation as part of the overall field simulation.

A comparison is made between the use of analytic models for heat and quality loss through the overburden based on work by Ramey and Satter, and a multisegment thermal well model that is segmented from the surface through the overburden and to the top of the oil-bearing formation. The analytic models of heat and steam quality loss are based on steady-state wellbore flow and conductive heat loss to the overburden. A more detailed representation of wellbore physics and control is available with the multi-segmented steam injection well model, including conductive heat transfer between the wellbore tubular and overburden or reservoir, a user-specified nodal resolution, a multiphase flow model that includes unequal phase flow rates of steam and condensate, the ability to correctly model the phase change of steam vapour to condensate as it flows downward from the surface, and an implicit coupling to the reservoir. Limitations of the analytic and segmented models are discussed including accuracy differences and instances when one or the other models may not be appropriate.
Multiphase Upscaling Using Approximation Techniques
Authors: Yang Yahan , Wang Xiaochen , Wu Xiao-Hui , Bi Linfeng
Published: March 2013

Coarsening and upscaling are common practices in reservoir simulation for reducing model size to improve computational efficiency. As part of the standard simulation workflow, engineers upscale geological models to simulation models to reduce the CPU time and requirement on computational resources. Coarsening is also an attractive approach for reduced order modeling. In that case, aggressive coarsening is carried out to drastically reduce the size of the simulation model, and hence simulation time. In reduced order modeling, a run is expected to take a small fraction of time required for a typical simulation run. Reduced order modeling plays a crucial role in uncertainty quantification, history matching, and other applications where a large number of simulation models need to be evaluated.

This paper proposes a new method for upscaling relative permeability for reduced order modeling and multiphase flow simulation. With this approach, approximations are introduced to eliminate the need for local or global multiphase flow simulations for the purpose of building coarse-scale displacement tables. Instead, the technique is based on global pressure solutions and velocity fields for incompressible two-phase flow. A set of time-of-flight and corresponding saturation solutions are obtained by solving 1st order partial differential equations in space variables using finite difference technique. The partial differential equation for saturations is general and may include gravity effects. Spatial time-of-flight (TOF) and saturation solutions are combined to construct approximate time-dependent saturation functions from which coarse-scale relative permeability functions are generated. To account for mobility differences in the reservoir before and after the reservoir is swept, several coarse relative permeability functions are computed based on a few approximate saturation and velocity distributions. This set of coarse relative permeability functions are then averaged to produce the final coarse permeability functions to be used for coarse-scale flow simulation. The proposed technique has been used to simulate flow on models with challenging horizontal and vertical permeability properties. Test results show that the use of the proposed multiphase upscaling method significantly improves the accuracy of coarse simulation results, while speeding up the run by more than 100 times.
Compositional Multiscale Finite-Volume Formulation
Authors: Hajibeygi H. , Tchelepi H. A.
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the Multiscale Finite-Volume (MSFV) method is extended to include compositional displacements in heterogeneous porous media, in which accurate modeling of the mass transfer and associated phase behaviors is critical. A sequential-implicit strategy is employed to deal with the coupling of the flow (pressure) and transport (component overall concentration) problems. In this com- positional formulation, the overall continuity equation (i.e., conservation of total mass) is used to formulate the pressure equation. The resulting pressure equation conserves total mass by construction and has weak dependencies on the distributions of the phase compo-sitions. The transport equations are expressed in terms of the overall composition; hence, phase appearance and disappearance effects do not appear explicitly in these expressions. Given the discrete forms of the flow and transport problems, the details of the MSFV strategy are then described for the efficient solution of the pressure equation. The only source of error in this MSFV framework is due to the well-known localization assumptions. No additional assumption due to the complex physics is done in this framework. For one-dimensional problems, the proposed sequential strategy results are validated against those obtained by a fully implicit simulator. The accuracy and efficiency of the MSFV method for compositional simulations are then illustrated for different numerical test cases. It is shown that the MSFV results are identical to the fine-scale solutions for one-dimensional problems in transient- and steady- states.
Chemical Reaction Modeling in a Compositional Reservoir-Simulation Framework
Authors: Farshidi Sara F. , Fan Yaqing , Durlofsky Louis J. , Tchelepi Hamdi A.
Published: March 2013

The treatment of chemical reactions is required for many simulation applications including in-situ conversion and geological carbon storage. In this work we present a strategy for incorporating chemical reaction modeling into an existing EOS-based compositional simulator. Both kinetic and equilibrium, as well as heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are included in the implementation. As a first step, the method entails the construction of the Jacobian matrix for a compositional system that does not include any chemical reactions. Then, linear transformations are applied at the level of the Jacobian matrix to account for reaction terms. These transformations act to convert the initial component-based Jacobian matrix to a matrix based on element balances. In so doing, they eliminate all equilibrium reaction rates and reduce the number of kinetic reaction terms that appear. A specialized treatment for handling aqueous-phase components when the aqueous phase disappears (or reappears) is also introduced. Numerical results are presented for CO2 sequestration and in-situ conversion problems. For carbon storage simulations, results demonstrate the robustness of our formulation, even when the aqueous phase disappears in multiple grid blocks. For an idealized in-situ conversion problem, simulation results demonstrate the performance of our modeling strategy over a broad range of Damhkoler number.
Maximal subgroups and PST-groups
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches Adolfo , Beidleman James , Esteban-Romero Ramón , Pérez-Calabuig Vicent
Published: March 2013

A subgroup H of a group G is said to permute with a subgroup K of G if HK is a subgroup of G. H is said to be permutable (resp. S-permutable) if it permutes with all the subgroups (resp. Sylow subgroups) of G. Finite groups in which permutability (resp. S-permutability) is a transitive relation are called PT-groups (resp. PST-groups). PT-, PST- and T-groups, or groups in which normality is transitive, have been extensively studied and characterised. Kaplan [Kaplan G., On T-groups, supersolvable groups, and maximal subgroups, Arch. Math. (Basel), 2011, 96(1), 19–25] presented some new characterisations of soluble T-groups. The main goal of this paper is to establish PT- and PST-versions of Kaplan’s results, which enables a better understanding of the relationships between these classes.
Sulfochitosan inhibits P-selectin-mediated HL-60 leukocyte adhesion under flow conditions
Authors: Huang Jinfeng , Wang Ruifei , Liu Ximing , Zeng Xianlu , Wei Min
Published: March 2013

Excessive trafficking of leukocytes can lead to serious tissue injury. Here, four regioselectively sulfated chitosans were assessed as inhibitors of HL-60 leukocyte binding to P-selectin, by investigating their effect on leukocyte adhesion to CHO cells expressing human P-selectin under static and flow conditions. The results show that the sulfochitosans exhibit inhibitory activity in this general order: heparin > N-sulfated/6-O-sulfated chitosan ≥ 3-O,6-O-sulfated chitosan > 6-O-sulfated chitosan ≫ N-sulfated chitosan. This suggests that the sulfation of the double site in chitosan is essential for efficient inhibition of P-selectin-mediated HL-60 leukocyte adhesion and that such sulfochitosans may have potential as therapeutic agents against inflammatory disease.
Studies on optical characteristics of CuInSe2 thin films
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad , Bhuiyan Abdus , Hossain Ahmad , Mahmood Zahid
Published: March 2013

CuInSe2 is considered as a striking semiconductor for second generation solar cells. An investigation of optical properties of CuInSe2 thin films is essential to evaluate its perfectibility as high efficiency solar cells. The films were fabricated by thermal co-evaporation technique. For this experiment, a shimadzu spectrophotometer of model number 1201 is used. The optical properties of these films are determined for the wavelength range 350 nm–1100 nm. From the experiment it is evident that the reflectance and transmittance of the films are negligible in comparison to the absorption of these films. The high absorption coefficient of the order of 104/cm of the film material also supports this. The band gap of the CuInSe2 films was evaluated to be 1.1 eV. From XRD and EDAX analysis it is evident that CuInSe2 films are polycrystalline in nature having ideal stoichiometric composition.
Evaluating the performance of skewed prestressed concrete bridge after strengthening
Authors: Naser Ali , Zonglin Wang
Published: March 2013

The objectives of this paper are to explain the application of repairing and strengthening methods on the damaged members of the bridge structure, to analyze the static and dynamic structural response under static and dynamic loads after strengthening, and to evaluate the structural performance after application of strengthening method. The repairing and strengthening methods which are used in this study include treatment of the cracks, thickening the web of box girder along the bridge length and adding internal pre-stressing tendons in the thickening web, and construct reinforced concrete cross beams (diaphragms) between two box girders. The results of theoretical analysis of static and dynamic structural responses after strengthening show that the tensile stresses are decreased and become less than the allowable limit values in the codes. The values of vertical deflection are decreased after strengthening. The values of natural frequencies after strengthening are increased, indicating that the strengthening method is effective to reduce the vibration of the bridge structure. Therefore, the strengthening methods are effective to improve the bearing capacity and elastic working state of the bridge structure and to increase the service life of the bridge structure.
The Influence of Teachers’ Knowledge on Student Learning in Middle School Physical Science Classrooms
Authors: Sadler Philip M. , Sonnert Gerhard , Coyle Harold P. , Cook-Smith Nancy , Miller Jaimie L.
Published: March 2013

This study examines the relationship between teacher knowledge and student learning for 9,556 students of 181 middle school physical science teachers. Assessment instruments based on the National Science Education Standards with 20 items in common were administered several times during the school year to both students and their teachers. For items that had a very popular wrong answer, the teachers who could identify this misconception had larger classroom gains, much larger than if the teachers knew only the correct answer. On items on which students did not exhibit misconceptions, teacher subject matter knowledge alone accounted for higher student gains. This finding suggests that a teacher’s ability to identify students’ most common wrong answer on multiple-choice items, a form of pedagogical content knowledge, is an additional measure of science teacher competence.
Henry James: The War Chapter, 1914-1916
Authors: Edel Leon
Published: March 2013

At right angles to Lamb House stood the garden-room where Henry James dictated most of his later novels and essays. It was a house apart, in substantial tawny-coloured brick, but consisting only of one long room. The novelist, as he paced the floor and measured out his sonorous sentences to the accompanying tick of Theodora Bosanquet's typewriter, could see from large windows at one end the irregular old street; from the other he looked out at the carefully-kept garden. Lamb House proper was his home; here he received his friends and wrote his letters and read and played with his favourite dachshund. The garden-room was the inner sanctum: his visitors, sitting in the garden, could hear in the morning the old voice rising, falling, and pausing in the fashioning of his complicated sentences. It was the novelist's laboratory, where at fixed hours of the day, uninterrupted, and adhering rigidly to his routine, he could perform his alchemy of words.
Political Parties and Nationalism in South Africa
Authors: Brady
Published: March 2013

Like Canada, South Africa is bi-national and bi-lingual. Its white population is comprised of two national strains: the Dutch (considerably mixed with German and French elements) represent close to 60 per cent, and the British something under 40 per cent. But the contrasts with Canada are in some respects pronounced; notably in the impact of bi-nationalism upon party politics. The parties more starkly divide along national, or in the current South African term, racial lines. The struggle of Boers and British in the nineteenth century still influences the political alignments of the twentieth, shaping the conviction of many Afrikanders that upon them rests the duty of fulfilling the ideals of the Voortrekkers. In such a community the springs of political argument and action are frequently historical memories and antipathies. On the platteland especially, the Afrikander responds to a political mythology fashioned in the struggle against the British for independence, or at least for the preservation of the group's culture. Hence cleavages of social class, or divisions on the basis of economic interest, have intruded less candidly into party politics than in any other Dominion; they have been obscured by the larger and more absorbing passions of nationalism. They have importance, but are subordinate to the issues of race and nationality, not being powerful enough to dominate formally in the struggle of the major parties.
Thomas Wolfe: Realist and Symbolist
Authors: Brown
Published: March 2013

When two years ago last September Thomas Wolfe died at the age of thirty-eight writers and readers of his generation felt a grief that most of our elders have been unable to understand. The reason for our sense of loss was not simply a very real enthusiasm for what Wolfe had written, or even a conviction that he had within him many unwritten books such as no one else could write. It was, most of all, the curiously emblematic position Wolfe had come to hold and in which his death served to confirm him. He died of being Thomas Wolfe-the news reports spoke of pneumonia-of having lived, perceived, reflected, and composed with an intensity which would have killed most men ten times over. He had carried one mode of approaching the universe to the absolute.
Christian Civilization
Authors: Percy Lord Eustace
Published: March 2013

War has set us of the Universities many problems of action, but it has set us also a problem of thought. And thought is, after all, our business.
REVIEWS
Authors: Falconer Sir Robert , Sandwell  , Lower  , Bush Douglas , Case Arthur
Published: March 2013

Andrew C. Bradley, Ideals of Religion: Gifford Lectures delivered in the University of Glasgow in 1907, reviewed by Sir Robert Falconer

Carlton McNaught, Canada Get the News: A Report in the International Research Series of the Institute of Pacific Relations, reviewed by B. K. Sandwell

C. P. Stacey, The Military Problems of Canada: A Survey of Defence Policies and Strategic Conditions, Past and Present, reviewed by A. R. M. Lower

Elmer Edgar Stoll, Shakespeare and Other Masters, reviewed by Douglas Bush

Herbert Davis, The Prose Writings of Jonathan Swift, reviewed by Arthur E. Case
An Alliance with Russia?
Authors: Silcox Claris Edwin
Published: March 2013

Since the last war, much has been done on this continent to stimulate a desire for education in international affairs.Study groups sought “objectivity,” listened attentively to addresses, participated in discussion and goodwill conferences-and often became more confused than ever. Parties went abroad to see for themselves, and to get the “feel” of the country. All this was highly idealistic and commendable, even if many of the tourists did not attain the desired “real understanding.” Too often they saw only what those who planned the tours felt that they should see. Frequently they visited only the great cities where the people who happened to know English and had all the right answers to their queries, but they failed to sound out the opinions of of the more usual type of “native” because they could not have understood what he said anyway. And for the most part, they took with them a scale of values by which they judged progress, and eventually returned home more than ever convinced of the superiority of the North American way of life.
The Argument of Milton's Comus
Authors: Woodhouse
Published: March 2013

No complete study of Comus exists. Such a study would necessitate four separate steps. The first is an examination of Comus in the light of the essential tradition of the masque, the inherited pattern which Milton adopts (having indeed no choice in this instance) and of course adapts to his purposes. The second is an effort to determine more precisely the content of the poem, what it is that Milton is saying or, as I have called it, the argument of Comus. The processes of criticism are, or ought to be, self-conscious: it is their only safeguard. So one would avoid the pitfall of attempting an impossible separation of form and content, and merely centre attention first on the one and then on the other, with the object of ultimately bringing them together and restoring a sense of the poem's unity and individuality. The third step is in that direction; for it is an effort to discover the relation for Milton, and in this poem, of experience, thought, and art. The fourth step views the poem once more as an independent unit and applies to its interpretation whatever has been discovered in the first three stages of the examination. If anyone wishes to contend that only the fourth step is literary criticism, and the first three at best preparations for literary criticism, I shall not think the point worth arguing—or the preliminary steps less than necessary. In the present essay I can deal with only one of the questions raised: what it is that Milton is saying, or the argument of Comus.
Glimpses of the University at Work from 1907 Until the First World War II
Authors: Falconer Sir Robert
Published: March 2013

It was high summer just after Convocation, when first I walked across the lawn and passed through the magnificent front doorway of University College, then called the Main Building, into the President's office. Few persons were to be seen on the grounds, which in all their beauty deeply impresed me as a most proper setting for a great University. Soon Principal Hutton appeared. He had acted as President for the past year, and had given tone to University College as Head of Classics, and latterly as Principal, for nearly a generation. Distant by nature and never familiar with many, he was admired by all for his distinguished mind and implicitly trusted for his integrity.
The War and Opinion: The Problem of Germany
Authors: Flenley
Published: March 2013

German history is a long and complicated story. I suppose the simplest of all versions would see it as a process of expansion or attempted expansion. Our earliest view of the Germans is as they pushed south and west against the Roman Empire. And today we see them again trying to expand, claiming to be overcrowded and lacking room to live. But whereas in the days of the early migrations there was relatively ample room for expansion, today Europe is full, and the whole globe is either occupied or ticketed and organized under the rule of other peoples. There is, in fact, room for the Germans to live (Lebensraum), but not room to satisfy their desire to rule.
The War and Opinion: Balkan Prospects
Authors: Stavrianos
Published: March 2013

Developments in the Balkans have occurred recently which ordinarily would have rated headlines but which have been virtually ignored because of the news from the war fronts. These are the Greek-Yugoslav agreement of January 15 providing for a post-war Balkan federation, and the announcement of King George II, early in February, which abolished the Greek dictatorship. Needless to say, the significance of these events depends upon the final outcome of the war. An Axis victory would reduce their significance to precisely nothing. Instead the “New Order” would be imposed on the Balkan Peninsula, and the nature of this “New Order” has been realistically described by Alfred Rosenberg: “The Balkans must be united with Greater Germany in a firm federation in various forms of semi-or apparent sovereignty, economically or militarily, affiliated to Germany.”
New-Canadian Letters
Authors: Kirkconnell Watson
Published: March 2013

Reviews of English-Canadian books published in Canada in 1941.
St. Columba and His Book
Authors: MacKenzie Kathleen Cuffe
Published: March 2013

Battles have been fought and brave and innocent men have died for many foolish reasons—for the beauty of women, for love of false glory, for economic greed or to gain territory, for a fancied insult to a flag, for Jenkins's Ear, for the theft of a bucket; now and then in the cause of civilization and liberty. But perhaps only once was a battle fought for a book. Only in a country where books were once prized more than glory, more than power, did a Prince and a Saint steal a book and go to war for its sake.
French-Canadian Letters
Authors: Collin
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books published in 1942.
New-Canadian Letters
Authors: Kirkconnell Watson
Published: March 2013

Reviews of English-Canadian books published in Canada in 1942.
Pure Well of Latin Undefiled
Authors: Alexander William Hardy
Published: March 2013

In a recent article in this QUARTERLY, while discussing the classical authors read by Montaigne, I ventured at one point to express myself as follows in connection with the great essayist's profound respect for Caesar: “It is not without interest that so understanding a critic of Roman literature as Mackail should likewise have felt, as some others of us are not ashamed to feel, that Julius Caesar stands side by side in Latin prose with Lucretius in poetry as exhibiting at the peak what the Latin language could achieve by itself, without richness and beauty gathered from alien sources; the appreciation of Caesar's Bellum Gallicum is the appreciation of latine loqui on the prose side.” A subsequent reviewer of my article, Professor Gilbert Norwood, quem honoris causa nomino, speaks of it, as arousing his “wrathful amazement with a sudden paean in praise of Caesar's 'style'”; the reference must be to the quotation above. This drives me back to consider once again what I actually said about Caesar's writing, and also leads me to enquire what it may have been that excited in my reviewer indignation and surprise. Beyond that I should like to set out as dispassionately as I can, without any paeans, my reasons for regarding Julius Caesar as quite unique on his literary side.
“Our Lady of Bellosguado”: A Pastel Portrait
Authors: Raymond William
Published: March 2013

In an article printed in the Atlantic Monthly, December 1864, Kate Field writes: “Florence without the Trollopes and our Lady of Bellosguardo would be like bread without salt. A blessing, then, upon houses which have been spiritual asylums to many forlorn Americans! a blessing upon their inmates, whose hearts are as large and whose hands are as open as their minds are broad and catholic!” Miss Field's reference to “our Lady of Bellosguardo” conjures up the memory of a charming and vivacious little woman, whose kindly nature so radiated friendship that she became the centre of the social life of the English and American colony in Florence during mid-Victorian times. It was probably in 1849 that Jane Isabella Blagden, familiarly called Isa by her numerous friends, came to Florence and established her home at Villa Bricchieri on the height of Bellosguardo. From that time until her death in 1873, without possessing such assets as rank, fortune or genius, but through the magnetism of her personal qualities, she was the focus of a distinguished Anglo-Florentine group amongst whom are men and women of renown in the annals of nineteenth-century literature.
Mary I: Queen of England
Authors: Harrison Eric
Published: March 2013

The English have never approved of fanaticism in their rulers. Visionaries on the throne of England have been mercifully rare. Of the few who distorted the royal functions to a pattern of personal obsession, Charles I lost his head, James II his throne, George III the American colonies and his reason. Mary Tudor forfeited the hearts of her people, thereby destroying all hope for the survival of the cause to which she had devoted her life, and leaving in the memory of the nation an enduring distaste for coercion of conscience by the state. The differences that divided men to the death on a point of theology have cooled since the time of Mary's tragedy; the bitterness has distilled into a humour of liberty.
Voltaire and the Royal Society of London
Authors: Brown Harcourt
Published: March 2013

In the twenty-fourth and last of his Letters Concerning the English Nation, first published in English translation in 1733, Voltaire turns from the theatre and “The Regard that ought to be shown to Men of Letters” to the topic of academies. Here he makes special reference to the Royal Society of London, and in the latter part of the chapter to the functions performed by the three most important French bodies, the Acaémie Française, the Académie des Sciences, and the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Thre reader of the mercurial Voltaire has learned not to expect a formal conclusion in his works; there is neither conclusion drawn from the receding chapter, nor résumé of the book's contents. The tempting possiblilites of a witty analysis of the English character or of a sage prediction of the ultimate result of the process of mutual accommodation then visible in the ranks of the leisured class of each country, do not tempt Voltaire to that perilous literary sport, skating on the thin ice of generalizations over the uncertain waters of national differences.
Soviet War Literature
Authors: Simmons Ernest
Published: March 2013

The development of Soviet literature over the last twenty-five years is as heroic and self-sacrificing a story as the development of Soviet industry. Writers underwent nearly every conceivable vicissitude: they suffered cold and hunger in the early days; they were afflicted with one period of severe regimentation during the first Five-Year Plan, and they contended with all those conflicting forces born of revolution, civil war and the incredibly swift social, political and economic reconstruction of their vast country. All of them listened to the music of the revolution, but many, could not whistle these harsh, discordant notes, and hence fell silent. Further, millions and millions of people, who had just learned to read, were demanding books and more books, not so much for the sake of entertainment, but poetry, fiction and drama in which the heroes and heroines would dignify and justify the tremendous sacrifices that the masses were making in building a new world for themselves. Writers attempted to meet this demand, and in their literature they tried to live up to the dictum of Lenin: “Art belongs to the people; it must be rooted in and grow with their feelings, thoughts and desires.”
Fiction
Authors: MacGillivray
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1943.
Memoir
Authors: Wallace M. W.
Published: March 2013

When Professor W. J. Alexander died recently, only those who had come into intimate contact with him felt that Canada was the poorer for his passing. A man, of modest and retiring temperament, he had shunned publicity throughout his life. Even in the world of English scholarship he was not widely known. His studies in Browning and Shelley and his occasional articles in learned journals were regarded by all serious students of literature as original, highly competent analyses of the English poets. But he had published comparatively little, though that little had always been of the highest quality. He was the rare phenomenon of a great scholar who was more interested in life and in teaching than in pure scholarship. He prepared many texts for use in the high schools of the province, and in this way did more than any other single person to establish standards of taste and of the teaching of English in Ontario. A great multitude of teachers who had been his students recognized his determining influence on their taste and on their thinking. In a more sophisticated world than that which we inhabit he would have been generally regarded as one of the great men of his generation.
The Permanent Value of the Old Testament
Authors: Taylor
Published: March 2013

In the discussion of the topic indicated by the title of this article, I assume that those who read it have a general knowledge of the contents of the Old Testament, and that the immediate interest is to know how this literature is to be viewed or assessed in the midst of the hurly-burly of contemporary thought and attitudes.
Areopagitica Revisited
Authors: Williams Arnold
Published: March 2013

It would be a monstrous irony if, in the midst of a war fought partly for the preservation and extension of freedom of speech, we should overlook the tercentenary of one of the most important, and certainly the most eloquent, defences of a free press in English. For it is exactly three hundred years ago this November that John Milton addressed to the “Lords and Commons of England” a short pamphlet entitled Areopagitica: Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing. A few moments in revisiting this monument of 1644 may not be misspent in the year of conflict, 1944.