bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring disease activity in antineutrophil antibody‐associated vasculitis
Authors: Scurt Florian G. , Hirschfeld Verena , Schubert Leon , Mertens Peter R. , Chatzikyrkou Christos
Published: May 2023

Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises a group of multisystem disorders with alternating periods of relapse and remission. Beyond that, a smouldering progress during apparently clinically silent phases often develops. AAVs are subgrouped in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and renal limited vasculitis (RLV). ANCA are hallmark of this disease entity, although they are not always present. Despite the simplification of treatment, fundamental aspects concerning assessment of its efficacy and its adaptation to encountered complications or to the relapsing/remitting/subclinical disease course remain still unknown. Through the advances in pathogenesis and pathophysiology of AAV a reliable biomarker‐based monitoring and treatment algorithm has not been established and disease management follows not infrequently a “trial and error” approach. Here, we overviewed the most interesting biomarkers reported so far.
The impact of universal credit rollout on homelessness assistance need in Scottish local authorities
Authors: Hardie Iain
Published: May 2023

Since 2013, the Universal Credit (UC) welfare reform has been rolling out gradually to overhaul the means‐tested social security system for working‐age people in low‐income households in the United Kingdom. Existing research suggests that UC has had a detrimental impact on the housing security of claimants, with evidence of increases in rent arrears and landlord repossession actions as the reform has been rolled out. However, there is currently a lack of evidence on the impact of UC rollout on the most extreme form of housing insecurity—homelessness. This article addresses this gap in knowledge, using Scottish local authority level data obtained from the Scottish Government on monthly rates of Housing Options approaches and statutory homelessness claims, which is linked to data on the timing of UC rollout within local authorities. The staggered nature of UC rollout (i.e., the fact that it rolled out in different local authorities at different times) is exploited in order to measure its impact within 29 Scottish local authorities using fixed effects regression modelling. The results suggest that UC ‘Full Service’ rollout, up to March 2019, was associated with increases in Housing Options approach rates, but there was not clear evidence of an increase in rates of working‐age statutory homelessness claims. Redesigning UC to increase its standard allowance and address its long wait periods and harsh sanctions would likely help to protect the housing security of claimants.
A graph‐based method for Chinese address matching
Authors: Liu Cheng , He Xinyang , Su Shiliang , Kang Mengjun
Published: May 2023

Address matching is a substantial task in location‐based services. Currently, major address matching methods either perform rather badly on unstructured data or fail to extract adequate semantic information of address elements. In this article, we propose a graph‐based method that can deal with both sides of the problem. First, we use a pretrained transformer neural network to handle address tokenization. Then we parse address tokens into address elements according to their parts of speech. Then the node2vec and tf‐idf technique is used to generate node embeddings for each address element. Finally, an address matching graph convolutional network is applied to do the address matching work. We have carried out a series of experiments on a real‐world Chinese address corpus, to further evaluate the impacts of our methods. The experimental results indicate our method achieves higher scores than the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Animal injury characteristics following the 2020 ammonium nitrate explosion in the Port of Beirut
Authors: Mansour Hana A. , Jawhary Khalil El , Chaaban Ihab , Hemadeh Ali , Tarek Chadi , Yehia Maher , Hassan Nidal , Hosri Joseph , Mansour Ahmad M.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To describe the characteristics and veterinary management of animal casualties after an ammonium nitrate explosion in the Port of Beirut.

Methods

Retrospective evaluation of medical records from multiple veterinary organizations.

Results

Veterinary care was administered to 298 cats and 103 dogs, with 101 animals (25%) undergoing surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Glass injuries prevailed, with suturing performed in 98 animals (24.4%). Surgery was used to treat 31 animals (7.7%) with extremity fractures and 52 animals with tendon injuries (13.3%). Bodily burns were encountered in 19 animals (4.7%). Six animals (1.5%) lost their hearing entirely, while another 6 (1.5%) lost an eye.

Conclusion

The joint coordinated work of veterinary groups and nongovernmental animal organizations reduced the number of injured animal fatalities. Of animals documented as having undergone treatment, 355 (88.5%) survived their initial injury assessment, and 46 (11.5%) died.
Comparison of Polyethylene Oxide and Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Host for Graphene Saturable Absorber at 1.5 µm Region
Authors: Hussin Nabihah , Salim Mohd Rashidi , Mohd Noor Muhammad Yusof , Azmi Asrul Izam , Abdullah Ahmad Sharmi , Ahmad Fauzan , Ibrahim Mohd Haniff
Published: April 2023

This paper compares the performance of two polymeric substance, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a host in graphene saturable absorber (SA) fabrication. By applying a low-cost solution casting method, graphene flakes which was prepared using the electro-chemical exfoliation technique will be mixed with PEO or PVA solvent as a host. Single concentration (12.04 wt.%) of graphene-PVA and graphene-PEO has been prepared for comparison. At 1.5 µm wavelength region, 2.8 meters erbium doped fiber (EDF) was applied as a gain medium in ring laser cavity setup. Generally, our measurement confirmed stable Q-switched pulses generation (>30 dB) for both SAs at 1.5 µm region. Evidently, the generated pulse by graphene-PVA at 1531.1 nm produced shorter pulse width of 1.85 µs as compared to 18.1 µs by graphene-PEO at maximum permissible pump power. Although smaller pulse energy was calculated for graphene-PVA, the ability of this type of SA to withstand higher pump-power proved its superiority as compared to its counterpart. Notably, this is the first ever effort that assess the performance of PVA and PEO host in graphene-based saturable absorption, particularly at 1.5 µm region.
A Quasi-moment-method Modelling of Energy Demand Forecasting
Authors: Adekola Sulaiman , Ayotunde Ayorinde , Muhammed Hisham Abubakar , Okewole Francis , Mowete Ike
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to the modelling of electrical energy demand forecasting, based on the Quasi-Moment-Method (QMM). The technique, using historical energy consumption/demand data, essentially calibrates nominated ‘base’ models (in this case, nominal Harvey and Autoregressive models) to provide significantly better performing models. In addition to the novelty of the use of QMM, the paper identifies hitherto unreported singularities of the generic Harvey / logistic model, through which a simple, but remarkably pivotal modification is proposed, prior to the model’s use as base model in QMM calibration schemes. The treatment of the ‘Harvey singularities’ informed a similar and equally significant modification of the Autoregressive model utilized in the paper. For the purposes of validation and performance evaluation, computational results due to the QMM models are compared with corresponding results reported in three different journal publications, which utilized the Harvey and Autoregressive models in conventional regression schemes. And in terms of the usual model performance metrics (including Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE)), the results very clearly demonstrate the superiority of the QMM models for both energy demand prediction and forecasting. As representative examples, a QMM-calibrated Harvey model recorded an RMSE value of 495.45dB for total energy consumption prediction, as against 618.60dB obtained for the corresponding nominal Harvey model: and for the Autoregressive case, RMSE was obtained as 131.35dB for QMM model’s prediction of peak load demand, compared with the 173.40dB due to the nominal model.
Bioinspired Fiber Networks With Tunable Mechanical Properties by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Sarkar Mainak , Notbohm Jacob
Published: May 2023

Soft bioinspired fiber networks offer great potential in biomedical engineering and material design due to their adjustable mechanical behaviors. However, existing strategies to integrate modeling and manufacturing of bioinspired networks do not consider the intrinsic microstructural disorder of biopolymer networks, which limits the ability to tune their mechanical properties. To fill in this gap, we developed a method to generate computer models of aperiodic fiber networks mimicking type I collagen ready to be submitted for additive manufacturing. The models of fiber networks were created in a scripting language wherein key geometric features like connectivity, fiber length, and fiber cross section could be easily tuned to achieve desired mechanical behavior, namely, pretension-induced shear stiffening. The stiffening was first predicted using finite element software, and then a representative network was fabricated using a commercial 3D printer based on digital light processing technology using a soft resin. The stiffening response of the fabricated network was verified experimentally on a novel test device capable of testing the shear stiffness of the specimen under varying levels of uniaxial pretension. The resulting data demonstrated clear pretension-induced stiffening in shear in the fabricated network, with uniaxial pretension of 40% resulting in a factor of 2.65 increase in the small strain shear stiffness. The strategy described in this article addresses current challenges in modeling bioinspired fiber networks and can be readily integrated with advances in fabrication technology to fabricate materials truly replicating the mechanical response of biopolymer networks.
Condition Monitoring of Nuclear Equipment-Piping Systems Subjected to Normal Operating Loads Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Sandhu Harleen Kaur , Bodda Saran Srikanth , Sauers Serena , Gupta Abhinav
Published: May 2023

Various fields in engineering explore the applicability of deep learning within condition monitoring. With the resurgence of nuclear energy due to electricity and carbon-free power generation demand, ensuring safe operations at nuclear power plants is important. Nuclear safety systems can undergo vibrations due to operating loads such as pump operations, flow-induced, etc. Safety equipment-piping systems experience degradation over the course of time due to flow-accelerated erosion and corrosion. Undetected degradation at certain locations can be subjected to a buildup of cyclic fatigue due to operational vibrations and thermal cycles. A condition monitoring framework is required to avoid fatigue cracking and for early detection of degraded locations along with the severity of degradation. This study aims to propose a condition monitoring methodology for nuclear equipment-piping subject to pump-induced vibrations during normal operations by designing a novel feature extraction technique, exploring parameters and developing a deep neural network, incorporating uncertainty in degradation severity, conducting a thorough investigation of predicted results to analyze erroneous predictions, and proposing strategic recommendations for “safe” pump operating speeds, as per ASME design criteria. Even with nondestructive testing, the detection of fatigue in pipes continues to be a difficult problem. Thus, this novel strategic recommendation to the operator can be beneficial in avoiding fatigue in piping systems due to pump-induced vibrations. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated on a Z-piping system connected to an auxiliary pump from the Experimental Breeder Reactor II nuclear reactor and a high prediction accuracy is achieved.
Development of multifunctional synthetic nucleosomes to interrogate chromatin-mediated protein interactions
Authors: Liu Zheng , Wu Yiping , Mao Xin , Kwan Ka Chun Jonathan , Cheng Xinxin , Li Xin , Jing Yihang , Li Xiang David
Published: May 2023

Various proteins bind to chromatin to regulate DNA and its associated processes such as replication, transcription, and damage repair. The identification and characterization of these chromatin-associating proteins remain a challenge, as their interactions with chromatin often occur within the context of the local nucleosome or chromatin structure, which makes conventional peptide-based strategies unsuitable. Here, we developed a simple and robust protein labeling chemistry to prepare synthetic multifunctional nucleosomes that carry a photoreactive group, a biorthogonal handle, and a disulfide moiety to examine chromatin-protein interactions in a nucleosomal context. Using the prepared protein- and nucleosome-based photoaffinity probes, we examined a number of protein-protein and protein-nucleosome interactions. In particular, we (i) mapped the binding sites for the HMGN2-nucleosome interaction, (ii) provided the evidence for transition between the active and poised states of DOT1L in recognizing H3K79 within the nucleosome, and (iii) identified OARD1 and LAP2α as nucleosome acidic patch–associating proteins. This study provides powerful and versatile chemical tools for interrogating chromatin-associating proteins.
Charge separation in the photosystem II reaction center resolved by multispectral two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy
Authors: Nguyen Hoang H. , Song Yin , Maret Elizabeth L. , Silori Yogita , Willow Rhiannon , Yocum Charles F. , Ogilvie Jennifer P.
Published: May 2023

The photosystem II reaction center (PSII RC) performs the primary energy conversion steps of oxygenic photosynthesis. While the PSII RC has been studied extensively, the similar time scales of energy transfer and charge separation and the severely overlapping pigment transitions in the Q
y
region have led to multiple models of its charge separation mechanism and excitonic structure. Here, we combine two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with a continuum probe and two-dimensional electronic vibrational spectroscopy (2DEV) to study the cyt b559-D1D2 PSII RC at 77 K. This multispectral combination correlates the overlapping Q
y
excitons with distinct anion and pigment-specific Q
x
and mid-infrared transitions to resolve the charge separation mechanism and excitonic structure. Through extensive simultaneous analysis of the multispectral 2D data, we find that charge separation proceeds on multiple time scales from a delocalized excited state via a single pathway in which Pheo
D1
is the primary electron acceptor, while Chl
D1
and P
D1
act in concert as the primary electron donor.
Exploring Cefiderocol Resistance Mechanisms in Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Hall Carina M. , Somprasong Nawarat , Hagen Johannah P. , Nottingham Roxanne , Sahl Jason W. , Webb Jessica R. , Mayo Mark , Currie Bart J. , Podin Yuwana , Wagner David M. , Keim Paul , Schweizer Herbert P.
Published: May 2023

Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin designed mainly for treatment of infections caused by β-lactam and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
Burkholderia pseudomallei
clinical isolates are usually highly cefiderocol susceptible, with
in vitro
resistance found in a few isolates. Resistance in clinical
B. pseudomallei
isolates from Australia is caused by a hitherto uncharacterized mechanism.
Performance of Bayesian Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve-Based Pharmacokinetic Dosing Based on a One-Compartment Model and Trough-Only Monitoring for Vancomycin
Authors: Salehpour Niloufar , Riley Lacey D. , Gonzales Marcos J. , Kobic Emir , Nix David E.
Published: May 2023

A novel Bayesian method was developed to interpret serum vancomycin concentrations (SVCs) following the administration of one or more vancomycin doses with potential varying doses and intervals based on superposition principles. The method was evaluated using retrospective data from 442 subjects from three hospitals.
Herbivorous Fish Microbiome Adaptations to Sulfated Dietary Polysaccharides
Authors: Podell Sheila , Oliver Aaron , Kelly Linda Wegley , Sparagon Wesley J. , Plominsky Alvaro M. , Nelson Robert S. , Laurens Lieve M. L. , Augyte Simona , Sims Neil A. , Nelson Craig E. , Allen Eric E.
Published: May 2023

This work connects specific uncultured bacterial taxa with distinct polysaccharide digestion capabilities lacking in their marine vertebrate hosts, providing fresh insights into poorly understood processes for deconstructing complex sulfated polysaccharides and potential evolutionary mechanisms for microbial acquisition of expanded macroalgal utilization gene functions. Several thousand new marine-specific candidate enzyme sequences for polysaccharide utilization have been identified.
Identification of New Compounds against PRRSV Infection by Directly Targeting CD163
Authors: Zhu Jiaqi , He Xin , Bernard Denzil , Shen Jianing , Su Yue , Wolek Andrew , Issacs Brianna , Mishra Neha , Tian Xiuchun , Garmendia Antonio , Tang Young
Published: May 2023

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Current vaccines cannot provide cross protection against different strains, and there are no effective treatments available to hamper the spread of this disease.
Fever with atypical lymphocytosis: pearls and pitfalls in Epstein-Barr virus serology
Authors: Tan Jia Wei , Hu Jiun-Ruey
Published: May 2023

The heterophile antibody (also known as the Monospot) test is a useful screening tool for infectious mononucleosis (IM) resulting from primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. However, up to 10% of patients with IM are heterophile negative. Heterophile-negative patients who have lymphocytosis or atypical lymphocytes on peripheral blood smear should be further tested for EBV serologies, which include testing for specific IgM and IgG antibodies against viral capsid antigens, early antigens and EBV nuclear antigen proteins. A diagnostic dilemma arises when the patient has clinical and laboratory features of IM, but is both heterophile negative and seronegative for IM, as illustrated in this case presentation. To avoid missed diagnoses of IM, misdiagnosis of mononucleosis-like illnesses and unnecessary testing, knowledge of test characteristics and the evolving course of EBV serologies is important to assure and inform both the physician and the patient.
Possible role for IL-40 and IL-40-producing cells in the lymphocytic infiltrated salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Guggino Giuliana , Rizzo Chiara , Mohammadnezhad Leila , Lo Pizzo Marianna , Lentini Vincenzo Luca , Di Liberto Diana , La Barbera Lidia , Raimondo Stefania , Shekarkar Azgomi Mojtaba , Urzì Ornella , Berardicurti Onorina , Campisi Giuseppina , Alessandro Riccardo , Giacomelli Roberto , Dieli Francesco , Ciccia Francesco
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Aim of this study was to investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-40, a new cytokine associated with B cells homoeostasis and immune response, in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and in pSS-associated lymphomas.

Methods

29 patients with pSS and 24 controls were enrolled. Minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsies from patients, controls and parotid gland biopsies from pSS-associated lymphoma were obtained. Quantitative gene expression analysis by TaqMan real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for IL-40 were performed on MSG. MSG cellular sources of IL-40 were determined by flow-cytometry and immunofluorescence. Serum concentration of IL-40 was assessed by ELISA and cellular sources of IL-40 were determined by flow-cytometry. An in vitro assay with recombinant IL-40 (rIL-40) was performed to detect the effect on cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Results

IL-40 was significantly increased in the lymphocytic infiltrated MSG of patients with pSS and correlated with focus score and with IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β expression. In addition, IL-40 was increased in the serum of pSS and its levels correlated with the EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index score. B cells from patients were shown to be the major source of IL-40 at both tissue and peripheral level. PBMCs from patients, exposed to rIL-40 in vitro, released proinflammatory cytokines, specifically interferon-γ from B cells and T-CD8+and tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-17 from both T-CD4+and T-CD8+. IL-40 expression in parotid glands of pSS-associated lymphomas was also increased. Moreover, IL-40-driven NETosis was evidenced in neutrophils obtained from pSS.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that IL-40 may play a role in pSS pathogenesis and pSS-associated lymphomas.
Determination of standardized ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids and digestible indispensable amino acid score of faba beans, lentils, and yellow peas fed to growing pigs
Authors: Cargo-Froom C.L. , Tansil F. , Columbus D.A. , Marinangeli C.P.F. , Kiarie E.G. , Shoveller A.K.
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of protein and amino acids (AA) and calculate the digestible indispensable AA score (DIAAS) of three varieties of Canadian grown pulses (faba bean, lentil, and yellow pea). Three steam-pelleted (80 °C) diets (faba/lentil/pea; 40% inclusion) and a nitrogen-free diet were fed to eight cannulated growing pigs in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design. The SID values were used to calculate DIAAS. There were no differences in SID of protein and AA when all diets were compared ( P > 0.05). The SID of methionine was 95% for faba beans, 96% for lentils, and 96% for peas. The SID of lysine was 93% for faba beans, 92% for lentils, and 90% for peas. Tryptophan had the lowest SID across all indispensable AA of all pulses (59% faba, 61% lentil, and 41% pea). All other indispensable AA SID were above 80%. Tryptophan was the limiting indispensable AA for all pulses as determined by DIAAS, with scores of 30 (faba), 57.83 (lentil), and 27.27 (pea). These values will aid in optimal inclusion of steam-pelleted pulses in diets for swine and provide an insight on the protein quality of pulses for humans.
Who spawns where? Temperature, elevation, and discharge differentially affect the distribution of breeding by six Pacific salmonids within a large river basin
Authors: Austin Catherine S. , Torgersen Christian E. , Quinn Thomas P.
Published: May 2023

Within the geographic range of salmonid fishes, many apparently suitable rivers and streams are used for reproduction by some species but not others. This is widely known but seldom addressed, as studies often examine factors determining the distribution of one or only a few species. We examined physical factors associated with the spawning distribution of six native Pacific salmonids (pink, chum, coho, and Chinook salmon, bull trout, and steelhead) in the Skagit River basin, Washington. Annual mean temperature and catchment elevation had the strongest association with spawning assemblage distribution, but stream length, annual discharge, seasonal hydrology, and land use were also influential. Some species (e.g., pink and Chinook salmon) were more closely associated with each other and with common variables than others, and bull trout were the most distinctive. For interpretation, we investigated the roles of adult body size, timing of spawning, and duration of juvenile rearing, but none of these factors explained groupings in the data. Interspecific differences in habitat association remained, suggesting fundamental constraints on species distributions with implications for conservation and restoration.
Development of an extended Schnute model for more physically realistic representations of soil water retention and moisture capacity curves
Authors: Reynolds W. Daniel , Drury Craig F. , Handyside Patrick
Published: May 2023

Commonly used soil water retention, θ( h), and moisture capacity, C( h), functions implicitly assume that ( i) the θ( h) data curve is sigmoid-shaped with an inflection and ( ii) the C( h) data curve has a value of zero at soil saturation. Desorption measurements on intact soils indicate, however, that the θ( h) data curve is frequently convex-monotonic in shape with no inflection, and C( h) at saturation is often a finite negative value rather than zero. As these model-data mismatches may cause substantial error in simulation or prediction of near-saturated soil hydraulic properties and water flow, a new “Extended Schnute” θ( h)– C( h) function was proposed that can provide θ( h) curve shapes and saturated C( h) values which are consistent with θ( h) and C( h) measurements. The new function and/or its nested Schnute sub-model provided high-quality and physically realistic fits to desorption data collected from intact cores of coarse sand, loamy sand, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, clay, and organic clay soils; and it out-performed or equalled the three-parameter van Genuchten θ( h)– C( h) function for every data-set. The new function also provided accurate and physically realistic representations of θ( h) and C( h) data from structured soils containing macropores and strongly graded pore size distributions. It was concluded that the Extended Schnute model is capable of providing accurate and physically realistic representations for a wide range of θ( h) and C( h) data, and it was further recommended that this model be considered over other models when measurements indicate that θ( h) is convex-monotonic in shape and/or C( h) is not zero at soil saturation.
A Modified Long Short-Term Memory Cell
Authors: Haralabopoulos Giannis , Razis Gerasimos , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis
Published: April 2023

Machine Learning (ML), among other things, facilitates Text Classification, the task of assigning classes to textual items. Classification performance in ML has been significantly improved due to recent developments, including the rise of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and Transformer Models. Internal memory states with dynamic temporal behavior can be found in these kinds of cells. This temporal behavior in the LSTM cell is stored in two different states: “Current” and “Hidden”. In this work, we define a modification layer within the LSTM cell which allows us to perform additional state adjustments for either state, or even simultaneously alter both. We perform 17 state alterations. Out of these 17 single-state alteration experiments, 12 involve the Current state whereas five involve the Hidden one. These alterations are evaluated using seven datasets related to sentiment analysis, document classification, hate speech detection, and human-to-robot interaction. Our results showed that the highest performing alteration for Current and Hidden state can achieve an average F1 improvement of 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively. We also compare our modified cell performance to two Transformer models, where our modified LSTM cell is outperformed in classification metrics in 4/6 datasets, but improves upon the simple Transformer model and clearly has a better cost efficiency than both Transformer models.
Chinese Herbal Medicine, Alternative or Complementary, for Endometriosis-Associated Pain: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lin Yuezhen , Wu Ling , Zhao Ruihua , Chung Pui Wah , Wang Chi Chiu
Published: April 2023

Current medical treatments for endometriosis-associated pain (EAP) have limitations, including symptom recurrence and hormonal side effects. For this reason, it is important to elucidate any alternative or complementary treatments available, while Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) shows potential to be this treatment. This study aims to provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of CHM for EAP. Randomized control trials comparing CHM to other treatments for EAP in women with endometriosis were considered eligible, and they were searched for in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov, as well as in the Chinese databases Sino-Med and CNKI, from inception to October 2021. Numerous outcomes were put through meta-analysis using a weighted mean difference and a 95% CI, and the results of dichotomous data were presented as a pooled RR with a 95% CI. A total of 34 eligible studies with 3389 participants were included. Compared with no treatment, there was a statistically significant pooled benefit of CHM on dysmenorrhea at the end of 3-month treatment, and these effects continued for 3 months, but not 9 months, after treatment. Compared with conventional therapy, a significant difference was found in the levels of pelvic pain with a lower rate of hot flush and irregular vaginal bleeding at the end of treatment for 3 months, but not after treatment. Comparing combined treatment with CHM and conventional therapy with conventional therapy alone, significant decreases were found in dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and pelvic pain after a 3-month treatment cycle, and in dysmenorrhea after a 4-month treatment cycle with a lower hot flash rate. In conclusion, CHM, used alone or in combination with conventional therapies, appears to have benefits in relieving EAP with fewer side effects than traditional treatment.
Properties of relativistic star in 5D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Bhattacharya Soumik , Thirukkanesh Suntharalingam , Sharma Ranjan
Published: May 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in stellar modeling in the framework of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity. In this paper, for a relativistic star in static equilibrium, we invoke the five-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity and solve the system by assuming a matter distribution that admits a linear equation of state. We fix the model parameters by matching the interior solution to the exterior Boulware–Deser metric, which facilitates physical analysis of the resultant configuration. We analyze the star’s gross physical properties, which brings to attention the role of the Gauss–Bonnet coupling parameter [Formula: see text] in fine-tuning the values of the matter variables.
A bidirectional investigation of the effect of activation energy on carbonized fluid flow and radiative heat transfer across a stretched surface
Authors: Sing Naik Lal , Prakasha D. G. , Sudharani M. V. V. N. L. , Kumar K. Ganesh
Published: April 2023

The current communication has as its goal the investigation of the flow properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) across a stretching surface, which has been accomplished. Furthermore, the effects of radiation, chemical reactions and activation energy are considered. With the use of boundary layer approximations, we can obtain flow expressions. The nondimensional form of flow equations is achieved by applying appropriate transformations. The bvp4c code from MATLAB is used to solve the model that has been obtained. The graphic representation of the relationship between pertinent variables and momentum, temperature field and concentration is used. It is observed that, for larger values of [Formula: see text] booms, the micro-rotation distribution. Furthermore, the solutal boundary layer thickness if thinner for thicker values of [Formula: see text].
Mathematical modeling of thermophysical behavior of carbon nanotube nanofluid through porous container for mechanical systems with gradient influences
Authors: Abu-Hamdeh Nidal H. , Alnefaie Khaled A.
Published: April 2023

A mathematical theory was developed to simulate how magnetic force causes hybrid nanopowder to move through space. This numerical approach was created by combining the FEM and FVM, and triangular elements were used to create the grid. Iron oxide and MWCNT mixture were dispersed in water, and the hybrid nanomaterial’s properties were assessed using earlier empirical formulas. Gravity force can participate in the phenomena because there is a hot, wavy wall on the bottom side. Radiation flux impact was added, and different permeability spaces were used. A counterclockwise eddy is formed inside the domain as an output of gravity force and with the increase of Da, it divides into two vortexes. Additionally, increasing Da causes about a 75% increase in eddy power and increases iso-temperature distortions. The velocity decreases by between 82.5% and 90% as Lorentz terms are considered for flow equations, depending on the amount of Da. When Ra is taken into account at [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], Nu increases by about 27.75%. When [Formula: see text], Nu increases by about 10.59% as permeability increases. With the use of MHD, Nu decreases by 43.26% when Ra and permeability are at their highest points.
Evaluation Quality of Chinese Baijiu Using GC–MS Based on SPCA and Neural Network
Authors: Chen Mingju , Cui Anle , Duan Zhengxu , Xiong Xingzhong
Published: April 2023

Currently, evaluating the quality of strong-flavor Baijiu (SFB) heavily relies on subjective sensory analysis, resulting in large deviations in evaluation. However, as there are no existing evaluation criteria for SFB quality, this study aimed to extract trace components and design an evaluation model using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). First, the key component data was analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) to identify the most important principal components that represent the SFB samples. Second, KNN, DT, SVM, and BP analyses were then employed on the principal component data to determine the grade of the SFB samples. Finally, a price prediction model based on SPCA+BP was established to objectively evaluate the quality and price of SFB. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively realize the distinction and price prediction of SFB.
Formal matrix rings: Automorphisms
Authors: Krylov Piotr , Tuganbaev Askar
Published: April 2023

Automorphism groups of formal matrix algebras with zero trace ideals are studied. Such an algebra is represented as a splitting extension of some ring by some nilpotent ideal. Using this extension, the study of the structure of the automorphism group of an algebra in a certain sense is reduced to the study of the structure of some its subgroups and quotient groups. Then the structure of these subgroups and factor groups is found. The case of formal triangular matrix rings is specially considered. At the end of the paper we study automorphisms of ordinary matrix rings. In this case, a well-known homomorphism from the group of outer automorphisms to the Picard group of a certain ring is used.
Using Random Undersampling and Ensemble Feature Selection for IoT Attack Prediction
Authors: Leevy Joffrey L. , Khoshgoftaar Taghi M. , Hancock John
Published: April 2023

One consequence of the widespread use of (IoT) devices is an increase in the volume of attacks on (IoT) networks. In this study, we focus on the Bot-IoT dataset, with the aim of classifying its four types of attacks: Denial-of-Service (DoS), Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS), Reconnaissance, and Information Theft. Our contribution is based on the evaluation of the Random Undersampling (RUS) technique and ensemble Feature Selection Techniques (FSTs). Our results indicate that RUS has a positive impact on overall classification performance. Furthermore, our results show that the FSTs are beneficial for DoS, Reconnaissance, and Information Theft classification but not for DDoS classification. Finally, we note that the ensemble classifiers have generally outperformed the nonensemble classifiers in our study.
DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING CONSERVATIVELY TREATED DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURE
Authors: Dawood Alaa A. , Mahmood Hayder M. , Hannon Maytham K.
Published: April 2023

Background: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are frequent and often complicated by distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dysfunction which may pass unnoticed at the outset leading to adverse effects on the hand function. This study aims to detect clinical and radiological features suggestive of DRUJ dysfunction and its functional effects in conservatively treated DRF.

Methods: Retrospective observational study including 43 patients with healed conservatively treated DRF were studied for features of DRUJ dysfunctions. Patients’ demographic, clinical and radiological data were examined and compared to those of contralateral uninjured wrist. Computerized tomography (CT) scan examination to assess DRUJ congruency and instability was done for all cases. Correlation between clinical features suggesting DRUJ dysfunction with radiological parameters, CT findings and functional outcome was done using quick DASH score.

Results: There is significant reduction of extension, supination and radial deviation with a significantly higher (visual analogue scale (VAS)) and (DASH) scores in the injured wrist as compared with contralateral side.

Clinical examination of the DRUJ in 43 DRF showed that 13 (30.2 %) have ulnar sided tenderness and four (9.3%) have positive ulnar abutment test with significantly higher pain and disability scores and six patients (13.9%) have positive piano key sign with significant pain score only.

Ulnar abutment test also significantly is related to radiological findings. CT scan examination of the DRUJ showed 21 cases (48.8%) with DRUJ incongruence, which is significantly correlated to ulnar abutment test, piano key sign, diminished mean radial height and higher ulnar variance.

Conclusion: Conservatively treated DRF with clinical features of DRUJ dysfunction shows a lower functional outcome with increased ulnar variance and decreased radial height. DRUJ incongruence and instability on CT scan was significantly associated with clinical signs, diminished mean radial height and higher ulnar variance.
Time-Varying and Scale-Dependent Informational Efficiency of the European CO2 Emissions Market: An Analysis Based on Singular Value Decomposition Entropy
Authors: Meraz Monica , Alvarez-Ramirez Jose , Rodriguez Eduardo , Castro Luis
Published: April 2023

This work examined the informational efficiency of the European CO2 emission trading market for the different implementation phases in the period 2008–2022:Q3. The approach is based on a bootstrap singular value decomposition (SVD) approach and the analysis was conducted for a rolling window to assess the time-varying efficiency and over different time scales. The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown and the Russia–Ukraine conflict was evaluated. The results showed that the informational efficiency changes over time and scales, which is in line with adaptive market hypothesis (AMH) notions. High market efficiency was exhibited in Phase II (2008–2012), but large deviations from efficiency, especially for quarterly scale, were exhibited in Phase III. However, Phase IV has shown a behavior consistent with informational efficiency. The COVID-19 outbreak negatively impacted informational efficiency. On the other hand, it seems that the Russia–Ukraine conflict has improved informational efficiency due to the European decisions to move to energy independence policies. The findings in this study suggest that the European carbon market is gradually attaining a state of financial maturity.
Climate change for global warming 1.5∘C under the influence of multiplicative Gaussian noise
Authors: Bu Xingyuan
Published: April 2023

We propose a stochastic energy balance differential equation with multiplicative Gaussian noise, which better captures the influence of the atmosphere as external noise on climate change. Meanwhile, we apply the Milstein method with stronger convergence to approximate the stochastic climate change trajectory. Further, the numerical approach can efficiently calculate two exit concepts: the mean first exit time and the first escape probability. These two quantities are used to examine the transition of the climate from one state to another. For global warming of [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]C, we find that the enhanced noise intensity is more likely to induce a shorter mean first exit time or a higher first escape probability. These results provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms of climate change for global warming.
Invariant measure for 2D stochastic Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Qiu Zhaoyang , Wang Huaqiao , Huang Daiwen
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we investigate the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes equations in two-dimensional spaces. Applying the Maslowski–Seidler method, we establish the existence of invariant measure in state space [Formula: see text] with the weak topology. We also prove the existence of global pathwise solutions using the stochastic compactness argument.
Remotely almost periodicity for SDEs under the framework of evolution system
Authors: Chen Ye-Jun , Ding Hui-Sheng
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of [Formula: see text]-remotely almost periodic processes and remotely almost periodicity in distribution. Under the framework of evolution system, we establish [Formula: see text]-remotely almost periodicity and remotely almost periodicity in distribution for solutions to stochastic differential equations (SDEs) [Formula: see text] in infinite dimensions. Our main results extend some earlier results about the above SDEs in the cases of [Formula: see text] and almost periodic coefficients, without assuming that [Formula: see text] is periodic as in a classical result by Da Prato and Tudor. The main difficulties lie in the loss of compactness for [Formula: see text]-remotely almost periodic processes and the delicate analysis caused by evolution system. Moreover, our abstract results can be applied to some stochastic parabolic partial differential equations.
Periodic measures for a class of SPDEs with regime-switching
Authors: Lau Chun Ho , Sun Wei
Published: April 2023

We use the variational approach to investigate periodic measures for a class of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) with regime-switching. The hybrid system is driven by degenerate Lévy noise. We use the Lyapunov function method to study the existence of periodic measures and show the uniqueness of periodic measures by establishing the strong Feller property and irreducibility of the associated time-inhomogeneous semigroup. The main results are applied to stochastic fractional porous medium equations with regime-switching.
Gorenstein (ℒ,𝒜)-flat dimension of complexes and relative singularity categories
Authors: Chen Wenjing
Published: April 2023

Assume that the class of all Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-flat modules is closed under extensions. We define a notion of Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-flat dimension for complexes and consider equivalent characterizations of the finiteness of Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-flat dimension of complexes. Furthermore, in addition, assume that [Formula: see text] is a right coherent ring. We construct the relative singularity category with respect to Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-flat modules, as the triangulated quotient of the triangulated subcategory of [Formula: see text] consisting of all complexes with both finite Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-flat dimension and cotorsion dimension by the bounded homotopy category of flat-cotorsion modules, and show that the relative singularity category is triangulated equivalent to the stable category of the Frobenius category consisting of all Gorenstein [Formula: see text]-flat and cotorsion modules.
PREDICTION OF COLLAGEN CONTENT THROUGH BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS IN MICE SKIN WOUND: A COMPARISON OF ANN AND ANFIS MODELS
Authors: EBRAHIMINIA ALI , RADMAN MOEIN , SAMIMI PEGAH ALAM
Published: April 2023

Pathological analysis as well as biomechanical methods are powerful approaches for collagen assessment, which plays an important role in understanding the wound healing process and choosing a treatment method in clinical situations. Due to the limitations of preparing and evaluating pathological images, this study was designed to establish a machine learning technique to predict the wound collagen content through its biomechanical parameters. For this purpose, the artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were compared. The wound was created with an incision on the back of 30 male BALB/c mice. On the 7th and 14th days, animals were sacrificed and 60 wound tissue samples were evaluated using histopathological and biomechanical methods to quantify the amount of collagen and wound tensile strength to feed the ANN and ANFIS developed models. Based on the results, both models have appropriate performance to predict the wound collagen content. However, the comparison of coefficient of determination ([Formula: see text]) and root mean square error (RMSE) for testing dataset revealed that ANN ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) had more prediction capability than ANFIS ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). As a decision support system, ANN model could assist in the evaluation of wound healing process with collagen values prediction.
Study of the Structural Properties of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Synthesis with the Assistance of Different Plant Extracts and their Microbial Activity
Authors: Shanshool Sabeeha K. , Shanan Zainab J.
Published: April 2023

This work synthesizes iron oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts of Camellia sinensis, Matricaria chamomilla L., and Artemisia herba-alba Asso. and Punica granatum L. peel. with an evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) are highly stable and significantly affect gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The synthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticles were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential (ZP), and UV–Vis spectrophotometer analysis (UV–Vis). The band gap ranged between 3.1[Formula: see text]eV and 3.8[Formula: see text]eV, which corresponds to the grain size, as its value ranged between 10.77[Formula: see text]nm and 32.31[Formula: see text]nm, that is, the smaller the grain size, the higher the band gap. On bacteria, iron oxide nanoparticles have remarkable efficacy in the formation of biofilms for gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, and fungal.
Wavelength Role in Synthesis and Study of the Structure of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared by Pulsing Laser Ablation in Liquid
Authors: Khudair Zainab Falah , Abass Zainab Ahmed , Salem Karrar Hazim , Mohammed Kahtan A. , Zabibah Rahman S. , Alkhafaji Mohammed Ayad , Saxena Kuldeep K.
Published: April 2023

Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were made using double-distilled deionized water (DDDW) and pulsing laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) with Q-switched technology (Nd:YAG) laser (energy: 80[Formula: see text]mJ, number of pulses: 500) at various wavelengths (1064[Formula: see text]nm and 532[Formula: see text]nm). The surface plasmon extinction (SPE) peaks were used to measure the PLAL process’s formation quality. The SPE spectra showed a single sharp peak at about 400[Formula: see text]nm, suggesting that pure and spherical silver was produced. The formation of silver particles was verified by UV–vis spectrophotometer absorption results. According to the AFM findings, as the wavelength of the laser beam used for preparation increased, the average grain size of the particles decreased. Finally, SEM images pointing to the produced silver nanoparticles spherical in their shape, were shown. The elemental analysis and chemical characterization with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed on the produced samples. This confirmed the high purity of the obtained samples and the existence of Ag NPs.