bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tourist Perception of Visitor Management Strategy in North Bandung Protected Area
Authors: Ervina Ersy , Wulung Shandra Rama Panji , Octaviany Vany
Published: January 2021

Sustainable tourism is one of Djuanda Forest Park (Tahura) management goals in implementing a visitor management strategy in the North Bandung Protected Areas. Djuanda Forest Park is an important area to be preserved as a tourist destination because of its very strategic function for environmental sustainability in Bandung City and its buffer areas. The visitor management strategy's implementation level can be seen from the perception of tourist who comes to Djuanda Forest Park, which analyzes by the intensity of destination use, accessibility, and carrying capacity. Perception cannot be separated from the satisfaction of tourists when visiting. This study aims to analyze tourists' perceptions of the implementation of visitor management strategies together with tourist satisfaction in the Tahura protected area. The method used is descriptive with data collection techniques through questionnaires. The results showed that tourist perceptions and satisfaction with the Visitor Management Strategy application were quite good. In improving quality, management is expected to be able to design a more systematic flow of visits and limit the number of visits for each tourist area to minimize the impact of tourism activities on the environment. On the satisfaction side, managers need to improve product and service quality, especially the preservation of tourist areas to create tourists experience
Brand Loyalty Model in Balinese Village as an Art and Cultural Tourism Destination in National Rural Areas, Case Study on Wanagiri Kauh Village, Tabanan
Authors: Wisnawa I Made Bayu , Prayogi Putu Agus , Sutapa I Ketut
Published: January 2021

The village is an Indonesian wealth that has the potential to be developed in the tourism sector in realizing prosperity for all Indonesian people. However, there are still many resources in the village that are not well managed. This study aims to: i) identify tourism potential, ii) formulate strategies based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, iii) formulate a brand loyalty model in Wanagiri Kauh Tabanan Bali Village in developing tourism as a village in the national rural area, iv) compile a village potential development plan towards rural tourism. The method used is quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative method uses Structural Equation Modeling to form a brand loyalty model with antecedents of Brand Image, Brand Awareness, Service Quality, and Customer Satisfaction. The number of samples is 200 tourists who have visited. Meanwhile, the qualitative methods used include SWOT, and in-depth interviews. The results showed that Wanagiri Kauh Village: i) has natural and cultural tourism potential, ii) tourism potential development strategy by presenting uniqueness as the basis for development, iii) brand loyalty model is largely determined by customer satisfaction, brand awareness, service quality and brand image, iv) development planning by managing all resources through the management function by involving the tourism stakeholder Penta helix.
Female autonomy and rural tourism in Tzibanzá, Cadereyta de Montes, Querétaro, Mexico
Authors: Hernández Ilithya Guevara
Published: January 2021

One of the elements that are disrupted by development is gender roles. These changes are not always negative, and the objective is to identify whether the participation of women in the fishing cooperative and the tourism project of La Isla makes it possible to build autonomy. Ever since the 90s, the Tzibanzá village has been the target of a series of development projects that have included or excluded them in decision-making. However, every project impacted the organization and productive activities and their daily life. Results of an investigation still in progress are presented, which start from the qualitative approach combining quantitative information-gathering techniques: a questionnaire to cooperative members and not cooperative members; and qualitative: non-participant observation, qualitative interviews, and focus groups. The tourism production and project cooperative have operated for just over 20 years with relative success in income, job creation, and participation. Women have been incorporated not necessarily by their own decision, but in their husbands' absence due to migration or the position was inherited. However, participating in activities considered "masculine" leads them to reconsider their role in the community and family, enabling decision-making to previously had no access. Autonomy indeed needs social recognition to be exercised; however, we consider that joining actively and as protagonists in productive activities allows progress.
Editorial
Authors: Raffnsøe et al. Sverre
Published: January 2021

The editors of Foucault Studies are pleased to publish this volume of Foucault Lectures containing three articles, each devoted to discussing one of Foucault’s yearly series of lectures at the Collège de France.
PELO TEMPO E CONTRA O TEMPO: O PARADOXO DAS ATLETAS PARALÍMPICAS COM DOENÇAS DEGENERATIVAS
Authors: Tonon Luciane Maria Micheletti , Rubio Katia
Published: January 2021

Este ensaio visa compreender como as atletas paralímpicas com doenças degenerativas Susana Schnarndorf, da natação, e Elizabeth Gomes, do atletismo, lidam com a dicotomia do tempo que o esporte lhes confere. Uma luta “contra” o relógio para conquistas de índices e a “favor” da extensão do tempo de vida. Paradoxalmente, traz falas da velocista belga Marieke Vervoort, que preferiu romper com o tempo de vida e das competições. A metodologia usada são as narrativas biográficas, que partem de um convite para que as atletas contem suas histórias de vida. Resultam das narrativas elementos de subjetividade, que lidam não apenas com o papel social dessas mulheres como atletas, mas como seres humanos, que sofrem com a condição da mortalidade e de uma finitude breve, marcada pela doença. A aproximação com personagens literários é uma forma de metaforizar a aspereza desse vislumbre tão tênue entre a finitude e a eternidade.
30 ANOS DO SERVIÇO DE ORIENTAÇÃO AO EXERCÍCIO EM VITÓRIA/ES: PIONEIRISMO NAS PRÁTICAS CORPORAIS E ATIVIDADES FÍSICAS NO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE
Authors: Vieira Leonardo Araújo , Albuquerque Sabrina Barbosa Garcia de , Venturim Fábio Olímpio , Carvalho Fabio Fortunato Brasil de , Almeida Ueberson Ribeiro
Published: January 2021

O texto analisa o pioneirismo do Serviço de Orientação ao Exercício (SOE) de Vitória/ES a partir da promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas (PCAF) no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Trata-se de uma estratégia coletiva de reflexão e escrita tecida pelos profissionais, gestores do programa e pesquisadores parceiros vinculados à Educação Física e à Saúde Coletiva. Faz um balanço e discute as principais transformações ocorridas no SOE ao longo de seus 30 anos. Apresenta como o Serviço vem dialogando, ao longo dessas três décadas, com as políticas de saúde e com a literatura acerca da atividade física e das PCAF. Identifica potencialidades e desafios do SOE como programa de saúde pública, bem como destaca seu protagonismo no campo das PCAF no SUS. Afirma a importância da articulação e diálogo com outras instituições, políticas, programas e práticas de saúde para a qualificação do serviço que o SOE oferta à população.
PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON BULLYING: PHYSICAL EDUCATION AS AN OPPORTUNITY
Authors: Benítez-Sillero Juan de Dios , Córdoba-Alcaide Francisco , Moyano Manuel , Rodríguez-Hidalgo Antonio Jesús , Calmaestra Juan
Published: January 2021

O bullying é um problema social caracterizado pela agressão intencional que ocorre ao longo do tempo, geralmente em contextos escolares e no ciberespaço (cyberbullying). Tem havido um interesse crescente na prevenção deste fenômeno, a fim de reduzir os efeitos adversos. Diferentes estudos e relatórios sugerem que o tema da Educação Física pode ser um cenário de interesse para promover atitudes e comportamentos contra o bullying. O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar o estado da questão nesta área através de uma revisão da literatura científica. Com base na análise das evidências, concluímos fazendo recomendações sobre estratégias e habilidades que devem ser incluídas nos currículos de Educação Física para prevenir o bullying e o cyberbullying. Dentre as mais utilizadas, destacamos as metodologias cooperativas, uma atitude de ensino que promove um clima motivacional focado na tarefa e a integração curricular de recursos didáticos que abordam habilidades e fatores de proteção.
EL PROCESO DE CREACIÓN GRUPAL EN LAS ACTIVIDADES ARTÍSTICO-EXPRESIVAS COMO ESCENARIO PARA LA NEGOCIACIÓN Y LA RESOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS
Authors: Canales-Lacruz Inma , González-Palomares Alba , Rovira Gloria
Published: January 2021

Este artigo identifica os fatores da interação social que facilitam e dificultam o processo de criação grupal para a elaboração de uma composição cênica. A mostra está formada por 105 estudantes universitarios – sendo 85 homens e 20 mulheres – com uma média de idade de 19.99 ± 2.78 anos e relacionados à Faculdade de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte em EUSES, Universidade de Girona (Espanha). Cada grupo elaborou um informe sobre o processo de criação no qual se demonstravam as dificuldades e facilidades frente tal composição durante as sessões práticas da matéria de Dança e Expressão Corporal. Posteriormente se realizou a análise de conteúdo de tais informes grupais. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o Nvivo 11. Os resultados mostraram que: a) a interação social facilita o processo de criação grupal; b) o consenso é o principal fator da interação social que facilita o processo de criação grupal.
TRABALHO DOCENTE NA UNIVERSIDADE: UM DIAGNÓSTICO COM PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Broch Caroline , Teixeira Fabiane Castilho , Pizani Juliana , Barbosa-Rinaldi Ieda Parra
Published: January 2021

Com este texto, de caráter descritivo, objetivamos investigar a configuração do trabalho docente na universidade sob a ótica de professores de Educação Física. Participaram da pesquisa dez docentes de instituições públicas e privadas do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e tratados com base no método de análise de conteúdo. Foram identificados pontos favoráveis e desfavoráveis que interferem na satisfação com o trabalho docente, os quais apresentaram contornos diferenciados nos contextos público e privado como a estrutura física/material e remuneração, as novas atribuições agregadas à função docente e os aspectos presentes na prática docente. Conclui-se que o desempenho de uma profissão que apresenta relevância social é motivo de satisfação para docentes universitários de Educação Física, apesar dos impactos desfavoráveis advindos do cenário de modificações na organização do trabalho.
NOVA GESTÃO PÚBLICA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NO BRASIL: PARCERIA PÚBLICO-PRIVADA, ESFERA LOCAL E TRABALHO DOCENTE
Authors: Vieira Lívia Maria Fraga , Dos Santos Kildo Adevair
Published: January 2021

Este artigo discute alguns efeitos da parceria público-privada sobre a gestão e o trabalho docente nas escolas de educação básica, no âmbito de um governo municipal. Os dados para o estudo, com predominância qualitativa, foram coletados por meio de documentos, observação e entrevistas com os docentes e gestores de município de pequeno porte da Região de Campo das Vertentes de Minas Gerais. Constatou-se que as estratégias adotadas, embasadas em uma lógica mercantil, disseminaram regras de competitividade entre docentes e entre escolas, ao estipular metas pautadas em métricas, com prestação de contas. Acarretaram em intensificação do trabalho docente, com a ampliação da jornada dentro e fora da escola, e a perda de interações professor(a)/estudantes no cotidiano das relações escolares.
In-house deals: Agency and information asymmetry perspectives
Authors: Chen Fang , Huang Jian , Ma Minghui , Yu Han
Published: January 2021

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) advisors add value by overcoming the information asymmetries between acquirers and targets, but may also push bad deals through due to incentive misalignment stemming from contingent fees. In-house deals are those acquisitions with in-house advisors. We examine the wealth effect of M&A deals advised by in-house advisors versus outside advisors. About 15% of acquisitions are done via in-house advisors. In-house deals result in higher CARs to targets, insignificant wealth effects to acquirers, but lower cumulative abnormal combined returns. This finding is consistent with the view that the information asymmetry problem is more severe than the agency conflict in non-financial acquisitions. Thus, targets are more likely to extract wealth away from the acquirers, or the overall deal quality is lower. Also, consistent with the view that investment banks have an incentive to see deals completed, the completion rate is higher for deals with an outside advisor
Impacto de la industria farmacéutica en la investigación
Authors: F J Giraudo
Published: January 2021

La editorial de este número plantea como tema central el impacto de la industria farmacéutica en la investigación. Las miradas a través de las cuales abordar la temática son múltiples: desde una adecuada definición del término impacto y los aspectos a considerar a nivel ambiental, social y científico, hasta diversas cuestiones vinculadas a la investigación que históricamente la han influenciado: intereses económicos, los que guardan relación con la salud pública y el propio avance de la ciencia. Permítanme destacar desde una mirada personal, luego de transcurrir 25 años ligado a la profesión farmacéutica y a la academia, que todos los caminos conducen a un tema central del enfoque: “el para quién” (quién lo analiza y desde dónde, quién lo protagoniza, quién se ve afectado por sus resultados).
Un nuevo escenario al final de una carrera de posgrado
Authors: E A Majul
Published: January 2021

En un posgrado, y como toda nueva etapa de estudio, uno avizora que obtendrá nuevos conocimientos, contactos, relaciones, que permitan potenciar lo adquirido en grado; avizora que la nueva etapa de estudio elegida, incorporara en mi saber y en mí hacer, destrezas, competencias, cualidades dispuestas a ser utilizadas en un mundo, un entorno, una población, diferente a la que este año encontraron al momento de graduarse. Durante el año 2019, cada uno de ustedes, fue culminando su carrera, y mientras transitaban las últimas etapas y exámenes, me imagino, planificaban de qué manera aplicarían su nuevo saber en su entorno.
European Union Funding for Preservation of Religious Cultural Heritage in Poland
Authors: Rakowska Joanna
Published: January 2021

As there is a dynamic relation between religious cultural heritage, tourism and local development, the European Union supports preservation of religious heritage through regional policy funds available in Poland under operational programmes. The aim of the research was to define and look into the main outcomes of this support, based on qualitative and quantitative data from SIMIK 2007-2013 and central teleinformation system (CTS) SL2014 for 2014-2020. Findings show that the 618 projects for the preservation of religious cultural heritage in Poland comprised a very small share of all investments under operational programmes. They were also a very small share of the total value of all projects and of EU funding co-financing them. However, comparing the financial perspective of 2007-2013 and 2014-2020, there is an increase in the number of these investments and in the number of projects that obtained the best relation of EU funding to their total value, i.e. 85%. (original abstract)
Accounting Data Analytics Exercise for Intermediate Accounting: Warranty Expense and Product Liability
Authors: Du Ning , Wang Tawei , Whittington O. Ray
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we introduce a data analytics exercise that can be used in an intermediate financial accounting course. We discuss the concept behind the design of the exercise to allow readers to formulate similar exercises. The exercise is aimed at helping students to focus more on business operations, better understand business issues, consider different types of information, and use their judgment to interpret findings. We also provide an assessment rubric that can be used for similar exercises.
CE Article: Evaluation of Processes, Outcomes, and Use of Midline Peripheral Catheters for the Purpose of Blood CollectionCE
Authors: Penoyer Daleen , Bennett Melody , Geddie Patricia I. , Nugent Alyssa , Volkerson Tara
Published: January 2021

Highlights

Results added knowledge on use of midline catheters (MCs) for blood sampling. Using MCs for blood withdrawal resulted in low rates of hemolysis (0.69%). Dwell time was longer in those who had blood drawn from their MC. Nurse practices for blood sampling from MCs varied and learned from other nurses.
Minimally Invasive Esophageal Procedures
Authors: Wee Jon O.
Published: January 2021

In most instances, laparoscopy has replaced open procedures as the standard of care. Nevertheless, equipoise remains in the literature regarding the benefits of surgery compared with alternative treatment strategies such as medications in the case of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or endoscopic procedures in the case of achalasia. According to Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) guidelines published in 2010, indications for surgery include (1) failure of medical management, (2) patient preference, (3) complications of GERD (Barrett esophagus, peptic stricture), and (4) extraesophageal manifestations (asthma, hoarseness, cough, chest pain, aspiration). This chapter is organized by surgical procedure, all of which are derivatives of the laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. In this chapter, the authors focus on minimally invasive surgical approaches to the treatment of the following benign esophageal disorders: GERD, achalasia, and paraesophageal hernias. New in this chapter is the in-depth coverage of laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair. The majority of patients with paraesophageal hernias are asymptomatic, and their hernias are found incidentally with a retrocardiac gastric bubble on an upright chest x-ray or herniated gastroesophageal junction seen on a chest or abdominal computed tomographic scan. For patients who are symptomatic, surgical repair is indicated as there is no medical treatment for this mechanical problem. For asymptomatic patients, clinical judgment needs to be used. All surgical procedures are covered by preoperative evaluation, operative planning, and operative technique, with a troubleshooting note for every step. Procedure complications, postoperative care, and outcome evaluation follow each procedure, listing the most current reports and data.
This review contains 10 figures, 9 tables and 49 references
Keywords: Minimally invasive surgery, esophagectomy, myotomy, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett esophagus, Nissen fundoplication, fundoplication, paraesophageal hernia
Achieving Evidence-Based Practices in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Hassan Imran
Published: January 2021

The concept of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and evidence-based surgery (EBS) involves combining the best scientific evidence available with the clinician’s judgment while also considering the patient’s needs and preferences. In the past, the practice of colorectal surgery was based on tradition and anecdotal experience from experts rather than scientific rationale. However, the rise of EBM has led to changes in how colorectal surgery is performed. This review discusses the hierarchy of evidence, fundamental principles of EBS, and practicing evidence-based colorectal surgery. Tables review the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine revised levels of evidence, four steps of evidence-based surgery, key resources for evidence-based surgery, the “PICO” technique, and the Dindo-Clavien classification system.
This review contains 5 tables and 69 references.
Management of Uncomplicated Gallstones and Benign Gallbladder Disease
Authors: Britt Rebecca C , Burgess Jessica R
Published: January 2021

Gallbladder disease is one of the most common problems that the general surgeon will encounter. This comprehensive review discusses the management of uncomplicated gallstone disease, functional gallbladder disease, and gallbladder polyps. It provides indications for cholecystectomy in the asymptomatic patient. There is a thorough review of the diagnosis and management of symptomatic cholelithiasis, including special situations such as pregnancy and cirrhosis, and the latest evidence regarding routine versus selective cholangiography during cholecystectomy. This review also discusses the latest updates to the criteria for diagnosing functional gallbladder disease and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. 
This review contains 6 figures, 6 tables, and 99 references.
Key words: asymptomatic gallstones, biliary dyskinesia, cholangiography, gallbladder polyps, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, symptomatic cholelithiasis
Procedures for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Safar Bashar , Efron Jonathan
Published: January 2021

Cancer of the large bowel is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States with the exclusion of skin cancers. Surgery represents the mainstay of therapy in early-stage rectal cancer and is frequently warranted in advanced cases for palliation. Complete resection and retention of gastrointestinal continuity with low recurrence rates are the ultimate goal in treating localized disease. Local recurrence in rectal cancer essentially represents a failure of surgical therapy and is avoidable in most cases. Radiation has been shown to reduce local recurrences. This review covers the surgical anatomy of the rectum, factors to consider when evaluating patients with rectal cancer, choosing a therapeutic protocol, obtaining patient consent, preoperative considerations, and surgical technique. Local (transanal local excision, transanal endoscopic microsurgery) and radical procedures (anterior resection technique, abdominoperineal resection) are described. Laparoscopic and robotic approaches, key intraoperative concepts in rectal cancer, perioperative care, adjuvant therapy, and follow-up regimens are also detailed. Tables describe general medical issues for surgeons to review, vital knowledge for the colorectal surgeon, American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM Clinical Classification of Colorectal Cancer, American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Colon Cancer, the multidisciplinary team for treating rectal cancer, risk factors associated with high rectal cancer recurrence rate, National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2013 Guidelines for Transanal Excision, and total mesorectal excision score as categorized by Quirke. Figures show procedures for local, anterior, and abdominoperineal resection.
This review contains 11 figures, 9 tables, and 64 references.
Keywords: rectoscope, resection, excision, anastomosis, radiation, stapler, abdominoperineal resection
The Pancreas
Authors: Reddy Sushanth , Witcher Adam C
Published: January 2021

The casual observer might be forgiven for assuming that the pancreas plays an insignificant role given its size, morphology, and location. Indeed, Galen and anatomists for a millennium considered the pancreas a fatty cushion on which the stomach rested. In truth, this largest digestive gland, situated in the center of the body, on either side of the transpyloric (L1) plane, is notable for its complex anatomy and the colocation of exocrine and endocrine organs. The pancreas is an organ of endless fascination, with congenital anomalies giving rise to a range of anatomic variations, anatomic relations challenging the most meticulous surgeons, and wide-ranging pathology of clinical significance. Surgical management of pancreatic disease requires a detailed understanding of the anatomy of the pancreas and its relation to adjacent vital structures, and the management of patients with diseases related to the pancreas requires a detailed understanding of the physiology of both the exocrine and the endocrine pancreas. The functional reserve of the gland is such that over 50% of its acinar tissue must be destroyed before there is marked evidence of an effect on digestion, and more than 70% of insulin secreting beta cells must be destroyed before the endocrine functions of the gland are affected.
This review contains 16 figures, and 16 references.
Key words: chronic pancreatitis, pancreas, pancreatic anatomy, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic pathology, pancreatic physiology, pancreatitis
The Endocrine System: Thyroid and Parathyroid
Authors: Baker Samantha J. , Porterfield Jr John R.
Published: January 2021

In the adult, the thyroid gland is located in the central compartment of the neck on the anterolateral aspect of the cervical trachea between the carotid sheaths. Patients with thyroid disorders require attentive care, and safe, successful surgery of the thyroid is dependent on an intimate knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the gland. This review discusses nerve branches and function; arterial and venous blood supply; lymphatic drainage; histology; physiology; and thyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, and regulation. Nerve injuries and postoperative complications are summarized, as are functions of thyroid hormones. A thorough understanding of these relationships is imperative for proper medical recommendations, surgical procedure selection, and meticulous surgical technique to avoid complications. To provide safe care of patients with thyroid disorders, treating physicians must embrace the intricate details of the anatomy and physiology of this unique gland to avoid potentially devastating complications.

This review contains 5 figures, 3 tables, and 29 references.

Key Words: brachial cleft, lymphatic zones, recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, nerve injury, thyroglossal duct cysts, thyroid, thyroidectomy
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Basic Upper Endoscopy
Authors: Marks Jeffrey , Soe-Lin Hahn , Jiang Boxiang
Published: January 2021

Since the beginning of the 1970s, flexible endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract has been the dominant modality for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease. Over the same period, developments in technology and methodology have made possible the use of endos-copy to treat a host of conditions that once were considered to be manageable only by means of surgical intervention. The concept of performing endoscopic surgery has become a reality with the advancement of endoscopic therapies to control hemorrhage and perform mucosal ablations, resections, and tissue approximation. In addition, investigation into intra-abdominal interventions has begun with the progression of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The tools created for both intraluminal and transluminal procedures will allow the endoscopist to continue to supplant surgical therapies for numerous gastrointestinal diseases. The integration of flexible endoscopic techniques into the armamentarium of the gastrointestinal surgeon permits a more multidi-mensional approach to the treatment of digestive system disorders. The modern surgeon must continue to stay abreast of these en-doscopic advances to provide appropriate patient care.

This review contains 12 figures, 2 tables, and 21 references.
Key words: optical biopsy, chromoendoscopy, over the scope clips, endoscopic suturing techniques
Caustic and Toxic Ingestions
Authors: Gallagher CDR Thomas Q , Ricca CDR Robert L
Published: January 2021

Ingestion of caustic substances remains a potentially fatal public health concern with extensive morbidity and the possibility of long-term sequelae. The management strategies of these complex injuries continue to be extensively studied in the literature. Areas of interest include the most efficacious treatment of caustic esophageal stricture to preserve the native esophagus, use of steroids, and use of esophageal stents. Prevention of accidental ingestion through strategies to limit the availability of caustic substances is a key factor in reducing the incidence of injury, but there continues to be a high rate of accidental ingestion in developing countries with less rigorous manufacturing standards. Initial evaluation includes endoscopic evaluation of the esophagus and tracheobronchial tree. Optimal treatment strategies, including the use of proton pump inhibitors to reduce gastroesophageal reflux, steroid use to prevent stricture formation, and use of stents for management of strictures, continue to be debated. Initial surgical management includes esophagectomy for full-thickness injury with abdominal exploration. Multiple surgical options exist for both restoration of gastrointestinal continuity after esophagectomy and the management of strictures refractory to medical management, including reverse gastric tube, colonic interposition, and gastric advancement. Numerous small studies have evaluated the efficacy of these interventions, but there continues to be a need for larger prospective studies to develop a worldwide consensus opinion on best practices. We provide a review of the recent literature and practice recommendations for the management of injuries due to caustic ingestion.
This review contains 7 figures, 10 tables, and 51 references.
Key words: caustic ingestion, endoscopic management, stricture, surgical management
Fully Closed Loop Glucose Control With a Bihormonal Artificial Pancreas in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: An Outpatient, Randomized, Crossover Trial
Authors: Blauw Helga , Onvlee A. Joannet , Klaassen Michel , van Bon Arianne C. , DeVries J. Hans
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To demonstrate the performance and safety of a bihormonal (insulin and glucagon) artificial pancreas (AP) in adults with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this outpatient, randomized, crossover trial, 2-week fully closed loop glucose control (AP therapy) was compared with 2-week open loop control (patient’s normal insulin pump therapy with a glucose sensor if they had one).

RESULTS

A total of 23 patients were included in the analysis. Time in range (70–180 mg/dL [3.9–10 mmol/L]) was significantly higher during closed loop (median 86.6% of time [interquartile range 84.9–88.5]) compared with open loop (53.9% [49.7–67.2]; P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with insulin pump therapy, the bihormonal AP provided superior glucose control, without meal or exercise announcements, and was safe in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Den «nye supermakten»: Hva vil Kina i Arktis?
Authors: Edstrøm Anders Christoffer , Stensdal Iselin , Heggelund Gørild
Published: January 2021

Kina har de senere årene fått en sterkere stemme i internasjonal politikk og har rettet oppmerksomhet og interesse mot nordområdene og mulighetene som finnes der. Inntredenen i regionen av en voksende supermakt har ikke gått upåaktet hen og har reist en rekke spørsmål blant de arktiske landene. Mange har fremmet ulike syn på og spekulasjoner om Kinas handlinger og retorikk i Arktis, og felles for disse er at de ønsker å forstå Kinas intensjoner. Denne artikkelen presenterer Kinas arktiske politikkutforming, hvordan Kina presenterer sine interesser i Arktis, og beskriver viktige kinesiske handlingsområder i Arktis. Artikkelen forsøker å svare på spørsmålene: Hvordan ser Kinas interesser i nordområdene ut i dag, og hva kan vi forvente av fremtidig kinesisk aktivitet i nord? Avslutningsvis reflekterer vi over betydningen dette kan ha for Norge.
Abstract in English:The ‘New Superpower’: What Does China Want in the Arctic?In recent years, China has gained a stronger voice in international politics and has turned its attention and interest to the High North and the opportunities that exist there. The entry into the region of a growing superpower has not gone unnoticed, and has raised a number of questions among the Arctic states. Many observers have put forward different views and speculations about China’s actions and rhetoric in the Arctic, and what they have in common is that they want to understand China’s intentions. This article introduces China’s Arctic policy-making, how China formulates its interests in the Arctic, and describes key areas of action in the Arctic. What do China’s interests in the High North look like today? In conclusion, we reflect on the significance this may have for Norway.
O bem-estar subjetivo no comportamento de compra de alimentos orgânicos
Authors: Verga Everton , Da Silva Juliano Domingos , Alfinito Solange
Published: January 2021

Ao longo do século XX pode-se observar mudanças significativas no comportamento dos indivíduos a respeito do consumo de alimentos, e tais alterações apresentam-se em ciclos que demonstraram uma associação entre a alimentação e a qualidade de vida, numa relação direta, abrindo caminho para os alimentos orgânicos. Desse modo a lacuna explorada foi se a perspectiva de bem-estar subjetivo do indivíduo influencia a sua intenção em comprar alimentos orgânicos. Para tanto utilizou-se a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado e a perspectiva do Bem-Estar Subjetivo. O método foi quantitativo, por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória. Os resultados indicaram que o construto Bem-Estar Subjetivo aumentou a explicação da variância da Intenção de Compra, demonstrando sua capacidade preditiva frente a intenção do consumidor.
THE NEED OF STRENGTHENING THE PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCES IN TEACHING FROM THE ENGLISH TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Panev Violeta , Barakoska Aneta
Published: January 2021

The traditional concept of the teaching staff continually is expanding and changing not only in the content but in the methodology and in the forms of learning as well because of the permanent change of the social conditions and the advancement of the science and technology. The teacher is a mediator of the knowledge and a key person who realizes the reforms and the teaching processes into practice and that is why the present and the future requires from the teacher qualified, expert and fundamental pedagogical knowledge .The competences and the skills as a changeable category mainly recognized and focused on the enrichment and the personal development of someone who learns, besides the initial education implies flexibility as well. Even more it implies improvement of the skills and the knowledge according to the given time frame periods and life conditions by the science and the technology development. During the teachers’ initial education there is a need of expanding their pedagogical skills and competences in order the pedagogical function to be fulfilled in a modern world using the foreign language in the teaching process as a tool for an entry to new resources and innovative techniques of studying.In the paper there is a presentation of a short comparison of the teachers’ competences in the English linguistic speaking areas and in Macedonia through comparing the educational programs of the higher faculty institutions and colleges.We will present their attitudes and opinions in terms of the level of the acquired competences in the initial education. The results are to be used in the professional improvement of the teaching competences of the English language and other subject teachers during their initial education. The research implemented with the teachers in the schools led to the conclusion that there is an immense need of expanding the teachers’ competences during their initial education.
TECHNIQUE OF THINKING STYLE EVALUATING
Authors: Belousova Alla , Pishchik Vlada
Published: January 2021

The results of psychometric analysis of the new technique of thinking styles diagnostics are presented. The fundamental principles of thinking style concept by A. Belousova, according to which the thinking style is determined by the dominance of a person’s function in the structure of thinking activity during the problem solving, are covered. In accordance with A. Belousova’s ideas that the collaborative thinking activity as a self-organizing system is carried out by means of functions assumed by each participant: function of generating ideas, the function of selection (review and evaluation of information), functions of sense transfer and function of implementation. Thinking of adult, acting as a complex self-organizing system, combines the same functions: generation, selection, sense transfer and implementation. In this connection, we believe that the thinking style is defined as a characteristic set of functions actualized by a person in different situations of the problem solving. Domination of generation function determines the development of initiative thinking style, selection - critical, sense transfer - administrative, implementation - practical. The results of testing the reliability and validity of a new questionnaire for the thinking style diagnostics on a representative sample of Russians are given. The author’s version of the questionnaire is presented.
Dampak Sosial Ekonomi pada Keluaga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Exit Mandiri di Kecamatan Pagelaran Kabuoaten Pringsewu dalam Perspektif The Most Significant Change Technique (MSCt)
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Sari Ainun Oktavia , Sulistyowati Rahayu ,   Universitas Lampung, Prihantika Ita ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: January 2021

The Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) is a conditional social cash transfer program that provides assistance to Very Poor Households (RTSM) appointed as participants in the Conditional Cash Transfer program which is related to improving the quality of human life through education and health. This study aims to analyze the impact of Conditional Cash Transfers on ex-families who receive of Conditional Cash Transfers who go out independently in Pagelaran District with indicators of changes in economic conditions, changes in health quality, and changes in the quality of education. In evaluating the impact of this program, the researcher used the impact evaluation theory using The Most Significant Change technique (MSC) which is a participatory monitoring and evaluation technique that aims to obtain information about the most important changes in family life resulting from participation in poverty programs. The results of this study indicate that the Conditional Cash Transfer in Pagelaran District has a changing impact on the Former Beneficiary Family both positive and negative. Seen from the positive impact, the Former Beneficiary Family have experienced changes for the better, especially in the fields of economy and education. However, there has been change in the health sector because the informant of the Former Beneficiary Family in Pagelaran District was the recipient of assistance in the education sector. However, the negative side is the lack of compliance of former recipient families when they become participants in education.
Web Engineering Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Pengaduan Online Pada P2TP2A Provinsi Lampung
Authors: suaidah suaidah , Lathifah Lathifah , S L.M.Aldo Duarsa
Published: January 2021

P2TP2A adalah lembaga yang menyediakan pelayanan perlindungan perempuan dan anak seperti KDRT, penganiayaan, kekerasan seksual anak dll. Mekanisme pengaduan dilakukan dengan cara masyarakat datang langsung, menghubungi melalui telpon dan bisa diwakili oleh keluarga. Kendala pertama yang didapat pada saat proses pelaporan ialah bila korban tidak berani datang langsung serta merahasiakan alamatnya, dengan begitu pihak P2TP2A akan mengalami kesulitan untuk melakukan survei, edukasi dan pelayanan langsung dengan korban. Kendala kedua terputusnya akses komunikasi dan sering terjadi korban tidak mencantumkan nomor telpon pada saat melapor. Kendala ketiga ialah masyakarat mengeluhkan karna jarak tempuh dari rumah ke P2TP2A yang cukup jauh sehingga membutuhkan dana dan transportasi untuk datang ke P2TP2A. Kendala lainnya pihak P2TP2A belum memiliki simfoni data (Sistem Informasi Online) yang dapat mendata pendaftaran korban, pelaporan pengaduan masyakarat dan proses pelayanan, sehingga belum mampu meningkatkan produktivitas di mata publik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjangkau semua aspek pelayanan publik, yaitu membantu masyarakat menyampaikan pengaduan, pengelolaan informasi, pelayanan konsultasi, dan penguluhan kepada masyarakat menggunakan web engineering. Tahapan metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan analisis kejadian, pengumpulan data, tinjauan pustaka, studi literatur, merancang, implementasi, pengujian, analisis hasil prototype dan pembuatan buku panduan aplikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan sistem yang berjalan dapat terintegrasi dengan baik dan terpusat menjadi satu, membantu pihak P2TP2A untuk melayani pengaduan-pengaduan dari masyarakat secara online dengan mudah, cepat dan kapan saja
Cartography of Mangled Minds: Mazen Maarouf’s Jokes for the Gunmen
Authors: Kurishumoottil Manalil Judith Sebastian
Published: January 2021

“Power was the most important subject, as far as we were concerned, during the war” (6).

The 20th century was dominated by the two World Wars, the Cold War and the post-Cold War conflicts. The 21st century appears to be no better. Just two decades into the new millennium and we are already experiencing the tremors of outbreaks across the globe, notably referred to as terrorism, ethnic conflict, civil wars and hybrid and special operations warfare. These nonstate, intrastate, and interstate violence have had an impact on the lives of millions of people. It is in this context that Booker longlisted work Jokes for the Gunmen (2019) by the Palestinian-Icelandic author Mazen Maarouf may be read.   Maarouf weaves together twelve stories that offer a kaleidoscope of insights on the impact of war on the civilian population.  Jokes for the Gunmen is grounded in a conflict zone that is for the most part unspecified, except in the “Gramophone” where it is Lebanon (55) while in “Juan and Ausa” it is Spain. Thus the narratives are universalized to reinforce the idea that war is an act of violence against the global citizen and everybody and everywhere is its target. The characters are never given names except for Hossam in “Other –People’s –Dreams - Syndrome” and Juan and Ausa in the eponymous story. This buttresses the design of the universality of the narratives. The author seems to drive home the fact that no one can claim immunity from war and this becomes only too obvious with the narrative space being inundated with fatalities. Again, as we march along the narratives, we find that the boundaries between combatants and civilians, battlefronts and domestic spaces have almost blurred. Everyone is now at the combat zone and the combat zone is everywhere. The private domain of the hearth and the home that once signified security and well-being has also been transformed into dangerous territory.
Fungsi Waktu “Sembilan Hari” dalam Kosmologi Orang Boti
Authors: Konay Aulia Wihelmina , Timo Ebenhaizer I Nuban , Weny Nelman Asrianus
Published: January 2021

The study is intended to describe the function of nine days in the Boti's cosmology of the timorese, because for indigenous people, time is always cosmically understood, therefore time is a cycle, always repeating. In the meantime for modern humans, time is mechanically understood and linear. That is, it has a beginning and an end that cannot be repeated. The research used is a kind of qualitative study, which includes information about the Boti in Timor as one of the traditional community communities that still retain a cosmological view of time. That view is nine days (neon) not seven days, according to modern times even the Atoni who already profess Christianity. The study of the Boti's cosmological views was then analyzed from the "sacred time" perspective according to Mircea Eliade's thinking. The analysis produced the find: modern society needs to learn from the life ethos of the Boti in which time is appreciated as a creator and therefore requires a more in-depth study of the concept of time in the local tradition of cultural wealth.
Ritual Batak Manulangi dalam Budaya Batak Sebagai Pastoral Indigenous di Huria Kristen Batak Protestan
Authors: Sinaga Damai Yanti , Pasaribu Azwar Anas , Sigalingging Samuel Deutschland
Published: January 2021

This article aims to explore the meaning and purpose of manulangi and to discover the values of local wisdom that can be used as a means of pastoral care. The pastoral approach through adat is possible because the Batak people are always bound by adat, even though they live in the village or migrate to other places. The research method was carried out by qualitative and data collection techniques were carried out through semi-structured interviews or in-depth interviews and literature study and data analysis was carried out by flow analysis, namely collecting, processing, and drawing conclusions. Through this method it was found that the purpose of the manulangi was to honor the parent at the end of his life, asking for blessings and thanks. In addition, the values of kinship, solidarity and care, politeness and openness were found. In addition, values that contain pastoral dimensions such as; sustaining, healing and reconciling and guiding. Based on all of these values, manulangi can be applied as a means of pastoral assistance for parents who are sick due to illness, old age and family. As well as prayer and communion, can be integrated as a holistic and holistic pastoral care for PTI and its families.
Musical Ability and Interpersonal Intelligence in The Late Childhood Period
Authors: Heldisari Hana Permata
Published: January 2021

Learning to adjust to peers and develop attitudes towards social groups and institutions is one of the developmental tasks of late childhood. Musical abilities present as innate and function since childhood.Associated with two things namely interpersonal intelligence and musical abilities, both are being developed in late childhood. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between musical ability and interpersonal intelligence in the late childhood period. This research uses quantitative research method with the type of correlation. The population of this research was all students in grade 1-3 of Pangen Gudang Purworejo State Elementary School with a total of 107 people. The sample in this study was taken proportionally stratified random sampling, with a sample size of 32 people. The data collection was carried out by using questionnaire and test techniques. The data analysis uses product moment correlation, with musical ability as the independent variable and interpersonal intelligence as the dependent variable. The result showed that there was a strong and significant positive relationship between musical abilities and interpersonal intelligence in children during late childhood period. This evidence was obtained by r count > r table (0.643> 0.349) at 5% significance level. This means that the higher the musical ability, the higher the interpersonal intelligence students will have.
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PETA TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP INTERAKSI KERUANGAN PADA SISWA SMA NEGERI DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Berutu Nurmala , Asnidar Asnidar , Nurman Ali
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: kemampuan membaca peta, penguasaan konsep interaksi keruangan, dan besar hubungan antara kemampuan membaca peta dengan penguasaan konsep interaksi keruangan pada siswa SMA Negeri kota Medan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2012.    Jumlah responden sebanyak 243 orang siswa yang diambil secara acak  sederhana  Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes kemampuan   membaca peta dan  penguasaan konsep interaksi keruangan  kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, regresi dan korelasi sederhana.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan membaca peta pada siswa SMA Negeri kota Medan  masing rendah (39,51%) dan demikian juga dengan penguasaan konsep interaksi keruangan (55,97%)  dan  terdapat hubungan positif dan berarti antara kemampuan membaca peta dengan penguasaan konsep interaksi keruangan sebesar    (r = 0,402) dengan persamaan regresi linear Ŷ = 3,04 + 0,28 X. koefisien determinasi (r2) diperoleh sebesar 0,1616, artinya bahwa sebesar 16,16% variasi penguasaan konsep interaksi keruangan dapat dijelaskan oleh kemampuan membaca peta.