bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating social support into interventions among the elderly in nursing homes: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Behrendt Daniel , Schirmer Marielle , Wendschuh Vanessa , Sumngern Chommanard
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The instituted elderly in nursing home need professional support targeting to maintain their daily activities and quality of life. Social support affects the health of elderly through its influence as a stress buffering or main effects on emotions, cognitions and behaviour that improve health outcomes. Understanding and identifying available interventions for the elderly in the literature related to integrating social support into interventions will be benefits to guide future practice, research and policy.

Methods and analysis

A scoping review designed by Arksey and O’Malley has been used in this study. Key words, inclusion and exclusion criteria were elaborated to search the primary articles that published in English from 2010 to 2021 mainly from PubMed, Science Direct, Public Library of Science, SocioHub, Wiley Online Library and PsycINFO databases targeting to reach the selected articles and combined the results with reference lists and hand searches. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018 will be used to identify the quality of the studies. Authors developed the Data Extraction Form for data extraction and analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews tool will be employed for reporting guideline.

Ethics and dissemination

Authors forecast to obtain relevant studies reporting integrating specific dimensions of supportive functions into interventions for the elderly in nursing home. This finding will benefit in quality improvement of supportive interventions in nursing home and to continue the further experimental study. The findings will be disseminated via electronic and hard copy through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and internal organisation meeting.
Teleophthalmology-enabled and artificial intelligence-ready referral pathway for community optometry referrals of retinal disease (HERMES): a Cluster Randomised Superiority Trial with a linked Diagnostic Accuracy Study—HERMES study report 1—study protocol
Authors: Han Ji Eun Diana , Liu Xiaoxuan , Bunce Catey , Douiri Abdel , Vale Luke , Blandford Ann , Lawrenson John , Hussain Rima , Grimaldi Gabriela , Learoyd Annastazia E , Kernohan Ashleigh , Dinah Christiana , Minos Evangelos , Sim Dawn , Aslam Tariq , Patel Praveen J , Denniston Alastair K , Keane Pearse A , Balaskas Konstantinos
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Recent years have witnessed an upsurge of demand in eye care services in the UK. With a large proportion of patients referred to Hospital Eye Services (HES) for diagnostics and disease management, the referral process results in unnecessary referrals from erroneous diagnoses and delays in access to appropriate treatment. A potential solution is a teleophthalmology digital referral pathway linking community optometry and HES.

Methods and analysis

The HERMES study (Teleophthalmology-enabled and artificial intelligence-ready referral pathway for community optometry referrals of retinal disease: a cluster randomised superiority trial with a linked diagnostic accuracy study) is a cluster randomised clinical trial for evaluating the effectiveness of a teleophthalmology referral pathway between community optometry and HES for retinal diseases. Nested within HERMES is a diagnostic accuracy study, which assesses the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) decision support system (DSS) for automated diagnosis and referral recommendation. A postimplementation, observational substudy, a within-trial economic evaluation and discrete choice experiment will assess the feasibility of implementation of both digital technologies within a real-life setting. Patients with a suspicion of retinal disease, undergoing eye examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans, will be recruited across 24 optometry practices in the UK. Optometry practices will be randomised to standard care or teleophthalmology. The primary outcome is the proportion of false-positive referrals (unnecessary HES visits) in the current referral pathway compared with the teleophthalmology referral pathway. OCT scans will be interpreted by the AI DSS, which provides a diagnosis and referral decision and the primary outcome for the AI diagnostic study is diagnostic accuracy of the referral decision made by the Moorfields-DeepMind AI system. Secondary outcomes relate to inappropriate referral rate, cost-effectiveness analyses and human–computer interaction (HCI) analyses.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the London—Bromley Research Ethics Committee (REC 20/LO/1299). Findings will be reported through academic journals in ophthalmology, health services research and HCI.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN18106677(protocol V.1.1).
Loneliness and mental well-being in the Polish population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kobos Ewa , Knoff Barbara , Dziedzic Beata , Maciąg Rafał , Idzik Anna
Published: February 2022

Objective

There is a growing concern that the restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to increased loneliness and mental disorders, which are considered a major public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess loneliness, anxiety, depression and irritability in the Polish population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

A cross-sectional study. The study participants completed an online questionnaire using the computer-assisted web interview technique. Data were collected using Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Setting

Poland.

Participants

This study was conducted between 6 October and 12 October 2020, in a representative sample of 890 Polish residents.

Primary outcome measures

Self-reported loneliness; sociodemographic and COVID-19 pandemic factors associated with loneliness, anxiety, depression and irritability.

Results

The analyses showed a moderately high degree of loneliness in 22%, symptoms of anxiety in 27%, depression in 14% and irritability in 33% of the respondents. The increasing severity of anxiety, depression and irritation in the study group was accompanied by higher loneliness. Generally, younger people, both tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and those who experienced home quarantine, scored higher in both scales.

Conclusions

It is necessary to identify those most vulnerable to loneliness, anxiety and depression during a crisis to assess health needs and proactively allocate resources during and after the pandemic. Loneliness, anxiety, depression and irritability are important factors to consider in a population of younger, disadvantaged people, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, people who were quarantined at home, and people who believe that their physical and mental health is worse than in the pre-pandemic period. It is important to cater for the mental health of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and to promote psychological interventions to improve mental well-being in potentially vulnerable social groups.
Health-related quality of life of patients with haemophilia: a cross-sectional survey in the Northeast of China
Authors: Niu Jinyu , Ning Liangwen , Zhang Qiao , Liu Ze , Ma Yi , Xu Xiaoxue , Wu Qunhong , Hao Yanhua , Cui Yu , Liu Chaojie
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Haemophilia is a hereditary, chronic and haemorrhagic disorder caused by a deficiency in coagulation factors. Long-term spontaneous bleeding of joints and soft tissues can seriously affect the quality of life of patients.

Objective

The study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with haemophilia and associated factors.

Methods

A snowball sampling strategy was adopted to select study participants. Eligible participants were those who were 18 years or older and had mild, moderate or severe haemophilia. They were asked to self-complete a questionnaire, collecting data regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, target joint status and HRQoL measured by the EQ-5D-5L(a tool developed by the European quality of life (EuroQol) Group).

Results

The respondents reported a mean EQ-5Dutility(country-specific valuesets for the EQ-5D-5L) score of 0.51 (SD=0.34). Those with severe haemophilia had a lower utility score than those with mild/moderate haemophilia (0.46±0.37 vs 0.56±0.30, p=0.737). The linear regression analyses showed that older age (>25 years), two or more target joints, not working, low levels of knowledge of the disease and borrowing money to pay for medical treatments were associated with lower EQ-5Dutility scores.

Conclusion

Low HRQoL of patients with haemophilia is evident in China. Social support needs to be strengthened to address this issue.
Barriers and facilitators perceived by healthcare professionals for implementing lifestyle interventions in patients with osteoarthritis: a scoping review
Authors: Bouma Sjoukje E , van Beek Juliette F E , Diercks Ron L , van der Woude Lucas H V , Stevens Martin , van den Akker-Scheek Inge
Published: February 2022

Objective

To provide an overview of barriers and facilitators that healthcare professionals (HCPs) perceive regarding the implementation of lifestyle interventions (LIs) in patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

The databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception up to January 2021.

Eligibility criteria

Primary research articles with a quantitative, qualitative or mixed-methods design were eligible for inclusion if they reported: (1) perceptions of primary and/or secondary HCPs (population); (2) on implementing LIs with physical activity and/or weight management as key components (concept) and (3) on conservative management of hip and/or knee OA (context). Articles not published in English, German or Dutch were excluded.

Data extraction and synthesis

Barriers and facilitators were extracted by two researchers independently. Subsequently, the extracted factors were linked to a framework based on the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases checklist.

Results

Thirty-six articles were included. In total, 809 factors were extracted and subdivided into nine domains. The extracted barriers were mostly related to non-optimal interdisciplinary collaboration, patients’ negative attitude towards LIs, patients’ low health literacy and HCPs’ lack of knowledge and skills around LIs or promoting behavioural change. The extracted facilitators were mostly related to good interdisciplinary collaboration, a positive perception of HCPs’ own role in implementing LIs, the content or structure of LIs and HCPs’ positive attitude towards LIs.

Conclusions

Multiple individual and environmental factors influence the implementation of LIs by HCPs in patients with hip and/or knee OA. The resulting overview of barriers and facilitators can guide future research on the implementation of LIs within OA care. To investigate whether factor frequency is related to the relevance of each domain, further research should assess the relative importance of the identified factors involving all relevant disciplines of primary and secondary HCPs.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019129348.
Changes in cardiovascular mortality in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chang Sheng-Wei , Zitko Pedro , Passi-Solar Álvaro , Danaei Goodarz , Margozzini Paula
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted regular cardiovascular healthcare access and delivery. Service utilisation has declined, and excess cardiovascular mortality has been reported in several countries. We aim to estimate excess cardiovascular deaths in Chile during 2020.

Methods

We collected mortality data from the Chilean Department of Statistics and Health Information and refined them using the maps of Global Burden of Disease Studies in 2017 and 2010. We conducted a time series analysis using quasi-Poisson distribution to predict cardiovascular mortality in 2020 and compared it with observed numbers and calculated attributable fractions (AFs) with 95% uncertainty intervals, as a whole and by sex, age group and type of cardiovascular disease.

Results

During 2015–2020, 173 283 cardiovascular deaths were recorded, with 28 141 deaths in 2020. The observation in 2020 was lower than our projection in the overall data (−4.0% (−5.0% to −2.8%)) and in male (−11.7% (−13% to −10.3%)). However, positive AFs were noted among female (5.0% (3.2% to 6.8%)), people in age group 80–89 years (11.0% (8.6% to 13.5%)) and people who died from hypertensive heart diseases (18.9% (14.7% to 23.5%)).

Conclusions

Less overall cardiovascular deaths were observed in 2020 compared with our projection, possibly associated with competing risks from COVID-19 infection in men. Nonetheless, excess cardiovascular deaths were observed among women, people in the age group 80–89 years and people who died from hypertensive heart diseases suggesting possible negative cardiovascular impacts brought by the pandemic on these vulnerable groups.
Phase II study of atezolizumab with bevacizumab for non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with high PD-L1 expression (@Be Study)
Authors: Seto Takashi , Nosaki Kaname , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Toyozawa Ryo , Sugawara Shunichi , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Murakami Haruyasu , Kato Terufumi , Niho Seiji , Saka Hideo , Oki Masahide , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Okamoto Isamu , Daga Haruko , Azuma Koichi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Nishino Kazumi , Tohnai Rie , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Nakagawa Kazuhiko
Published: February 2022

Background

PD-L1 expression on tumor cells is a marker of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody treatment efficacy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PD-L1 antibody (atezolizumab) prolongs overall survival (OS) compared with platinum doublet as first-line treatment for NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression. Bevacizumab enhanced cytotoxic agent and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor efficacy in non-squamous (NS)-NSCLC, and PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in preclinical models.

Methods

This single-arm phase II study investigated clinical benefits of adding bevacizumab 15 mg/kg to atezolizumab 1200 mg fixed dose in a first-line setting for advanced NS-NSCLC patients with PD-L1 expression ≥50% without EGFR/ALK/ROS1 alterations. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by central review committee. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), OS, and safety.

Results

Of 39 enrolled patients, 33 (84.6%) had stage IV NSCLC and 36 (92.3%) had smoking history. As of March 31, 2020, no patient had a complete response and 25 patients had a partial response (ORR=64.1%, 95% CI 47.18 to 78.80). Twelve-month PFS and OS rates were 54.9% (35.65 to 70.60) and 70.6% (50.53 to 83.74), respectively. The median DOR in 25 responders was 10.4 months (4.63–not reached). The median treatment cycle was 12 (1 to 27). Nineteen patients discontinued study treatment because of disease progression (N=17) or immune-related adverse events (AEs) (N=2) (sclerosing cholangitis or encephalopathy). There were 23 serious AEs in 12 patients, but no grade 4/5 toxicity.

Conclusions

Atezolizumab with bevacizumab is a potential treatment for NS-NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression.

Trial registration number

JapicCTI-184038.
Human leucocyte antigens profiling in Malay female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: are we the same or different?
Authors: Selvaraja Malarvili , Too Chun Lai , Tan Lay Kim , Koay Bee Tee , Abdullah Maha , Shah Anim Md , Arip Masita , Amin-Nordin Syafinaz
Published: February 2022

Objective

SLE is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, in terms of clinical presentation, incidence and severity across diverse ethnic populations. We investigated the human leucocyte antigens (HLA) profile (ie, HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1) in Malaysian Malay female patients with SLE and determined the generalisability of the published HLA risk factors across different ethnic populations globally including Malaysia.

Methods

One hundred Malay female patients with SLE were recruited between January 2016 and October 2017 from a nephrology clinic. All patients were genotyped for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 alleles using PCR sequence-specific oligonucleotides method on Luminex platform. A total of 951 HLA genotyped population-based Malay control subjects was used for association testing by means of OR with 95% CIs.

Results

Our findings convincingly validated common associations between HLA−A*11 (OR=1.65, p=3.36×10−3, corrected P (Pc)=4.03×10−2) and DQB1*05:01 (OR=1.56, p=2.02×10−2, Pc=non−significant) and SLE susceptibility in the Malay population. In contrast, DQB1*03:01 (OR=0.51, p=4.06×10−4, Pc=6.50×10−3) were associated with decreased risk of SLE in Malay population. Additionally, we also detected novel associations of susceptibility HLA genes (ie, HLA-B*38:02, DPA1*02:02, DPB1*14:01) and protective HLA genes (ie, DPA1*01:03). When comparing the current data with data from previously published studies from Caucasian, African and Asian populations, DRB1*15 alleles, DQB1*03:01 and DQA1*01:02 were corroborated as universal susceptibility and protective genes.

Conclusions

This study reveals multiple HLA alleles associated with susceptibility and protection against risk of developing SLE in Malay female population with renal disorders. In addition, the published data from different ethnic populations together with our study further support the notion that the genetic effects from association with DRB1*15:01/02, DQB1*03:01 and DQA1*01:02 alleles are generalised to multiple ethnic populations of Caucasian, African and Asian descents.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Zn-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors Based on Aqueous Solution of Different Electrolytes
Authors: Eskusson J. , Thomberg T. , Lust E. , Jänes A.
Published: February 2022

Electrochemical behaviour of Zn cation based various aqueous electrolytes (ZnSO4, Zn(BF4)2, zinc di[bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide], Zn(TFSI)2, and zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, Zn(OTf)2) has been studied in thin Zn foil∣ carbon cloth hybrid supercapacitor cell and compared with Zn(ClO4)2 aqueous electrolyte electrochemical characteristics using cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance methods. The Ragone plots have been calculated from constant power measurements data. At moderate specific power values (10 kW kg−1) noticeable decrease of specific energies can be seen in the order of electrolytes: Zn(ClO4)2 ≥ Zn(BF4)2 > Zn(OTf)2 > Zn(TFSI)2 > ZnSO4. The stability of Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor cells under study has been tested using the long lasting (up to 10000 cycles) constant current charge/discharge method and is very good for Zn(OTf)2, Zn(ClO4)2 and ZnSO4.
Conjugated Polymer Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Xu Hangxun
Published: February 2022

Photocatalysts based on semiconducting conjugated polymers have shown great potential in solar-driven water splitting. The synthetic conjugated polymers offer great versability to design photocatalyts with suitable electronic structures for photocatalytic reactions. So far much efforts have been devoted to developing semiconducting conjugated polymers for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, conjugated polymers that are able to efficiently split pure water under visible light (>400 nm) via a four-electron pathway have been proved to be challenging. We show that 1,3-diyne-linked conjugated polymer nanosheets obtained by oxidative coupling of terminal alkynes such as 1,3,5-tris-(4-ethynylphenyl)-benzene (TEPB) and 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene (TEB) are possessing suitable band structures for photocatalytic overall water splitting and can act as highly efficient photocatalysts for splitting pure water (pH~7) into stoichiometric amounts of H2 and O2 under visible light irradiation. We also reveal that these conjugated polymers are indeed able to split pure water via first-principles calculations. Using in situ techniques, we could further elucidate the molecular intermediates that are formed during the photocatalytic process, providing strong evidence that the water splitting reaction could occur on the surface of polymer photocatalysts. We believe that our study could provide new insights in design and synthesis of semiconductors that are able to catalyze overall water splitting at neutral pH with sunlight as the only energy input.
Mutigroup-Based Phasmatodea Population Evolution Algorithm with Mutistrategy for IoT Electric Bus Scheduling
Authors: Zhu Yunxiang , Yan Fengting , Pan Jeng-Shyang , Yu Lei , Bai Yuanfei , Wang Weigang , He Chunxia , Shi Zhicai
Published: February 2022

The Phasmatodea population evolution algorithm (PPE) is a novel metaheuristic algorithm proposed in recent years, which simulates the evolutionary trend of stick insect population. In this article, a multigroup-based Phasmatodea population evolution algorithm with mutistrategy (MPPE) is proposed to further improve the overall performance of PPE. During the initialization period, the stick insect population is divided into multiple groups, and the step factor of the flower pollen algorithm is introduced into the population growth model of no more than half of the groups. This makes the population evolution trend diversified and prevents the algorithm from falling into the local optimal solution to a certain extent. In terms of intergroup communication, two communication strategies are adopted to mutate and replace the inferior particles, respectively, which improves the convergence speed and search ability of the algorithm. In the MPPE performance test, we compared it with PPE, five standard algorithms, and other parallel algorithms in CEC 2013 Benchmark Suite. Finally, this algorithm is applied to the IoT based electric bus scheduling for urban waterlogging situation, and the excellent performance of MPPE is verified comprehensively.
Challenges in the Dental Management of Rett Syndrome under General Anesthesia: A Rare Disease
Authors: Al-Hathlol Wisam , Bokhari Raed , Alzahrani Nada , Alkuwaiti Elaf
Published: February 2022

Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental genetic X-linked disorder. It is predominantly found in females with a prevalence rate of 1 : 9000. Rett syndrome patients are usually healthy the first months of their lives. The syndrome goes into a deceleration phase where motor, behavioral, and cognitive skills are impaired. Regarding their oral health, bruxism is one of the common oral manifestations found among Rett syndrome patients. We present a case of an 8-year-old patient with Rett syndrome who presented to the dental clinic for oral rehabilitation. The patient was evaluated and treated under general anesthesia with multiple extractions, restorations, and crown installments. Oral rehabilitation of Rett syndrome is important for those patients, and proper evaluation and treatment are the most efficient when performed under general anesthesia.
The Exact Solutions of the Conformable Time-Fractional Modified Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation by the Trial Equation Method and Modified Trial Equation Method
Authors: Aderyani Safoura Rezaei , Saadati Reza , Vahidi Javad , Allahviranloo Tofigh
Published: February 2022

Using the trial equation method (TEM) and modified trial equation method (MTEM), firstly, we find the analytical solutions of the conformable time-fractional modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CTFMNLSE), and finally, we present numerical results in tables and charts.
Prognostic Value of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: He Xinwei , Luo Qiongzhen , Zhao Lili , Shang Ying , Gao Zhancheng
Published: February 2022

Purpose. Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is abundant in serum and has been implicated in several processes including blood coagulation and immune response. This prospective study is aimed at exploring HRG as a biomarker in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods. A total of 160 patients (73 severe CAP, 57 nonsevere CAP), and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in 2019. Demographic and clinical data were recorded for all patients. Serum HRG concentration was measured upon admission using ELISA. Results. HRG levels were significantly lower in severe CAP patients compared with other groups, regardless of etiology, and were negatively correlated with serum interleukin-6 and disease severity index scores. Combination of CURB-65, PSI, and APACHE II scores with HRG values significantly improved the accuracy of predicting 30-day mortality in these patients. Cox regression analysis showed that HRG could serve as an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality. Notably, patients with

HRG
≤
16.92
 
μ
g
/
mL

had significantly lower cumulative survival than those with

HRG
>
16.92
 
μ
g
/
mL

. Conclusion. Serum HRG levels are lower in patients with severe CAP and are negatively correlated with disease severity scores. Measurement of HRG upon admission can provide valuable prognostic information for patients with CAP.
Advances in Regulatory Strategies of Differentiating Stem Cells towards Keratocytes
Authors: Zhang Aini , Zhang Wei , Backman Ludvig J. , Chen Jialin
Published: February 2022

Corneal injury is a commonly encountered clinical problem which led to vision loss and impairment that affects millions of people worldwide. Currently, the available treatment in clinical practice is corneal transplantation, which is limited by the accessibility of donors. Corneal tissue engineering appears to be a promising alternative for corneal repair. However, current experimental strategies of corneal tissue engineering are insufficient due to inadequate differentiation of stem cell into keratocytes and thus cannot be applied in clinical practice. In this review, we aim to clarify the role and effectiveness of both biochemical factors, physical regulation, and the combination of both to induce stem cells to differentiate into keratocytes. We will also propose novel perspectives of differentiation strategy that may help to improve the efficiency of corneal tissue engineering.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Immune Cell Interaction and Related Modulations for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Chen Renxin , Hao Zhuowen , Wang Yi , Zhu Hongzhen , Hu Yingkun , Chen Tianhong , Zhang Peng , Li Jingfeng
Published: February 2022

Critical bone defects and related delayed union and nonunion are still worldwide problems to be solved. Bone tissue engineering is mainly aimed at achieving satisfactory bone reconstruction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells and can be used as one of the key pillars of bone tissue engineering. In recent decades, immune responses play an important role in bone regeneration. Innate immune responses provide a suitable inflammatory microenvironment for bone regeneration and initiate bone regeneration in the early stage of fracture repair. Adaptive immune responses maintain bone regeneration and bone remodeling. MSCs and immune cells regulate each other. All kinds of immune cells and secreted cytokines can regulate the migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, which have a strong immunomodulatory ability to these immune cells. This review mainly introduces the interaction between MSCs and immune cells on bone regeneration and its potential mechanism, and discusses the practical application in bone tissue engineering by modulating this kind of cell-to-cell crosstalk. Thus, an in-depth understanding of these principles of bone immunology can provide a new way for bone tissue engineering.
Analysis of Image Evolution of Ancient Large Figurines Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Zhao Yingjian
Published: February 2022

Unlike traditional image recognition technology, DL can automatically extract features and improve recognition accuracy by combining feature extraction and classification. The challenges and shortcomings of traditional image recognition methods are discussed in this article, as well as the development process and research status of DL. Related theories in image recognition based on deep learning (DL) are proposed, DL’s basic models and methods are analyzed, and related image data sets are demonstrated experimentally. Furthermore, because DL is typically used for large sample sets, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on small samples, as well as a DNN-based analysis model for the evolution of ancient large figurine images. This model, when compared to the traditional neural network model, can speed up the network’s convergence speed and reduce training time to a certain extent. This model improves the rate of image recognition while lowering the error rate.
Nonlinear Extended Kalman Filter for Attitude Estimation of the Fixed-Wing UAV
Authors: Xiaoqian Tang , Feicheng Zhao , Zhengbing Tang , Hongying Wang
Published: February 2022

Flying vehicle’s navigation, direction, and control in real-time results in the design of a strap-down inertial navigation system (INS). The strategy results in low accuracy, performance with correctness. Aiming at the attitude estimation problem, many data fusion or filtering methods had been applied, which fail in many cases, which attains the nonlinear measurement model, process dynamics, and high navigation range. The main problem in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and flying vehicles is the determination of attitude angles. A novel attitude estimation algorithm is proposed in this study for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This research article designs two filtering algorithms for fixed-wing UAVs which are nonlinear for the attitude estimation. The filters are based on Kalman filters. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and cubature Kalman filter (CKF) were designed with different parameterizations of attitude, i.e., Euler angle (EA) and INS/unit quaternion (UQ) simultaneously. These filters, EA-UKF and INS-CKF, use the nonlinear process and measurement model. The computational results show that among both filters, the CKF attains a high accuracy, robustness, and estimation for the attitude estimation of the fixed-wing UAV.
A TRP Family Based Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pan Fangfang , Wang Kai , Zheng Mengmeng , Ren Yuan , Hao Wenjuan , Yan Jiangyu
Published: February 2022

Purpose. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a classical type of head and neck cancers, with heterogeneous clinical outcome. This project is set out to create a robust risk signature based on TRP family genes (TFGs) for prognosis evaluation in HNSCC. Methods. Based on the HNSCC sample data from the TCGA website, we integrated expression profile of TFGs for 490 HNSCC cases. We explore the interactions among TFGs using STRING tool. The TFGs-based signature (TFBS) was created by Cox relative analyses. In addition, we conducted GSEA to identify the underlying signaling pathways of the specific TFGs in HNSCC. The immune landscape of HNSCC patients was analyzed by CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms. Results. A total of 6 TFGs (TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPV2, TRPV4, and TRPM8) closely associated with prognosis of HNSCC cases were screened to create TFBS. TFBS predicted that the TFBS-high group presented dismal patient outcome. Cox regression revealed the favorable independent value of TFBS. ROC analysis showed the robust power of TFBS for prognosis forecasting. GSEA determined several crucial pathways related with HNSCC, which are the p53 pathway, TNF-alpha signaling via NFKB, and hypoxia. Moreover, immune-related analysis showed that patients in the TFBS-high group were more likely in immunosuppressive status. Conclusion. Our proposed TFBS could serve as a favorable indicator to forecast the survival outcome of HNSCC cases and offer prominent therapy guidance.
Disruption of Prostaglandin E2 Signaling in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Limits Mammary Carcinoma Growth but Promotes Metastasis
Authors: Elwakeel Eiman , Brüggemann Mirko , Wagih Jessica , Lityagina Olga , Elewa Mohammed A.F. , Han Yingying , Frömel Timo , Popp Rüdiger , Nicolas Adele M. , Schreiber Yannick , Gradhand Elise , Thomas Dominique , Nüsing Rolf , Steinmetz-Späh Julia , Savai Rajkumar , Fokas Emmanouil , Fleming Ingrid , Greten Florian R. , Zarnack Kathi , Brüne Bernhard , Weigert Andreas
Published: February 2022

The activation and differentiation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are involved in tumor progression. Here, we show that the tumor-promoting lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a paradoxical role in CAF activation and tumor progression. Restricting PGE2 signaling via knockout of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in PyMT mice or of the prostanoid E receptor 3 (EP3) in CAFs stunted mammary carcinoma growth associated with strong CAF proliferation. CAF proliferation upon EP3 inhibition required p38 MAPK signaling. Mechanistically, TGFβ–activated kinase-like protein (TAK1L), which was identified as a negative regulator of p38 MAPK activation, was decreased following ablation of mPGES-1 or EP3. In contrast with its effects on primary tumor growth, disruption of PGE2 signaling in CAFs induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer organoids and promoted metastasis in mice. Moreover, TAK1L expression in CAFs was associated with decreased CAF activation, reduced metastasis, and prolonged survival in human breast cancer. These data characterize a new pathway of regulating inflammatory CAF activation, which affects breast cancer progression.

Significance:

The inflammatory lipid prostaglandin E2 suppresses cancer-associated fibroblast expansion and activation to limit primary mammary tumor growth while promoting metastasis.
COVID-19 Diagnosis from Medical Images Using Transfer Learning
Authors: Alshehri Elaf , Kalkatawi Manal , Abukhodair Felwa , Khashoggi Khalid , Alotaibi Reem
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. To date, the virus has infected more than 110 million people worldwide and claimed 2.5 million lives. With the rapid increase in the number of infected cases, some countries face a shortage of testing resources. Computational methods such as deep learning algorithms can help in such a situation to expedite and automate the diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: In this research, we trained eight convolutional neural network models to automatically detect and diagnose COVID-19 from medical imaging, including X-ray and CT scan images. Those deep learning networks have a predefined structure in which we re-train on medical images to serve our purpose, which is called transfer learning. Results: We used two different medical images known as X-ray and CT scan. The experimental results show that CT scan achieved better performance than X-ray. Specifically, the Xception network model has achieved an overall performance on CT scan of 84%, 91%, and 77% for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively. That was the highest in all models that we trained. On the other hand, the same network model (Xception) was applied on X-ray and performed 69%, 83%, and 55% for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively. Conclusion: The performance of our proposed model to detect COVID-19 from CT scan is acceptable and promising to start in the field. We target the medical sectors to help them by providing rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 cases using an alternative detection approach to the traditional ones.
Altered Doppler Velocimetry of Fetal Middle Cerebral Artery in Singleton Pregnancies Complicated by Mild Well-Controlled Gestational Diabetes
Authors: D’Ambrosi Francesco , Rossi Gabriele , Di Maso Matteo , Marino Cecilia , Soldavini Chiara M. , Caneschi Agnese , Cetera Giulia E. , Erra Roberta , Ferrazzi Enrico
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate fetal umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow in patients with gestational diabetes (GD), in order to determine whether minimal anomalies of glucose metabolism may influence fetal placental function. Methods: UA and MCA flows were prospectively measured by transabdominal ultrasound in singleton pregnancies between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation. Results: The study included 35 women with GD and 217 nondiabetic patients. Middle cerebral pulsatility index (PI) was significantly higher in the GD group (mean MCA-PI = 1.82 ± 0.27 vs. 1.71 ± 0.26; p < 0.02). Likewise, MCA peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) was higher in the GD group compared to the non-GD group, though the difference was not significant (mean of MCA-PSV = 47.14 ± 8.45 vs. 47.09 ± 11.21; p = 0.98). UA-PI resulted higher in the non-GD group without significant differences (mean of UA-PI = 0.88 ± 0.14 vs. 0.86 ± 0.15; p = 0.32). Conclusions: Our study shows that even in cases of minimal metabolic derangements, GD is characterized by a significant variation in fetal Doppler velocimetry, particularly in the brain.
COVID-19 em portadora de esclerose sistêmica com fibrose pulmonar: relato de caso
Authors: Vieira Ana Clara Naves , Borges Isabela Souza Cruvinel , Markus Juliana
Published: February 2022

Este relato objetiva descrever um caso de COVID-19 em paciente do sexo feminino, 48 anos, portadora do diagnóstico de Esclerose Sistêmica forma difusa (ESd) há 14 meses, associada à fibrose pulmonar, em uso de micofenolato de mofetil (MMF). A paciente foi internada no hospital com história de tosse e febre há uma semana. Após 4 dias, testou positivo para COVID-19 e recebeu alta após 11 dias de internação. Prevê-se que os imunossupressores predispõem a um maior risco de infecções e consequente maior agressão ao organismo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar essa relação, tendo em vista que a paciente sobreviveu à infecção por COVID-19 e não apresentou uma forma grave da doença. Embora este relato descreva evolução favorável de um paciente, ressalta-se a relevância da realização de futuros estudos para avaliar efeitos da imunossupressão na COVID-19.
Aterro da Baía Sul, em Florianópolis: interpretação de um patrimônio moderno
Authors: Ferraro Luiza Helena , Yunes Gilberto Sarkis
Published: February 2022

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir o aterro da Baía Sul, em Florianópolis,Santa Catarina, reconhecendo os valores desse território como  patrimônio moderno da cidade. A revisão bibliográfica e documental acerca do objeto em estudo e do patrimônio urbano foi o método de pesquisa utilizado. O trabalho apresentado é parte da pesquisa de mestrado da autora e consistena análise sobre as potencialidades desse significativo espaço da cidade. Para isso, faz-se a interpretação dos dados obtidos, como o decreto de tombamento da área estudada, relacionando-os às leituras sobre o patrimônio urbano dos autores Hugues de Varine (2013), o qual trabalha com o patrimônio como desenvolvimento, e Márcia Sant`Anna (2015), que entende a cidade como documento e registro dos tempos, e desta maneira, discute-se esse espaço da cidade a partir de uma perspectiva patrimonial. A identificação desses autores e as relações que se faz dessas categorias de pensamento com o espaço analisado direciona uma nova forma de interpretar o aterro, refletindo sobre atributos que definam valores patrimoniais afetivos,  funcionais, culturais, financeiros, comunitário e potencial. Assim, obtêm-se reflexões para se considerar em futuras pesquisas e intervenções no aterro da Baía Sul.
Complexo pavilhonar da Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará: cronologia e percepção de valores
Authors: Miranda Cybelle Salvador , Lobato Beatriz Trindade de Oliveira
Published: February 2022

A Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará é um exemplar da tipologia pavilhonar difundida pelos países europeus, durante o período do urbanismo sanitarista. O estudo do processo de construção deste modelo é essencial para a compreensão da história da saúde, em especial a sua aplicação em Belém. Este trabalho visa entender a anatomia deste complexo  arquitetônico e seu crescimento ao longo das décadas, até alcançar a extensão e importância atual. Pretende-se discutir também sob a perspectiva de patrimônio cultural da saúde, sob os aspectos de uma instituição que funcionou como local de aprendizado para profissionais da saúde, desenvolvimento de pesquisas e vacinas, além do seu papel como hospital dedicado a assistência.  Aborda-se também sua arquitetura, e os elementos que a compõem, e quais as modificações que foram e ainda são realizadas no conjunto. Além desses aspectos, objetiva-se compreender a partir do valor memorial e afetivo atribuído por seus usuários, aqueles que convivem e conviveram no hospital.
Resenha: Um artífice na urbanização paulistana:titana: Rizkallah Jorge Tahan (1895-1948). Almeida, Renata Gereissati de Castro de. São Paulo: Annablume, 2018. 244p.
Authors: Moraes Luis Fernando Simões
Published: February 2022

Resenha crítica do livro Um artífice na urbanização paulistana: Rizkallah Jorge Tahan (1895-1949), escrito pela historiadora Renata Geraissati de Almeida e publicado pela editora Annablume, no ano de 2018. A partir da análise biográfica do imigrante sírio-libanês Rizkallah Jorge Tahan (1869-1949), a obra estabelece conexões entre a atuação deste agente histórico e o sanitarismo, o urbanismo, a construção civil e as comunidades de auxílio atuantes na capital paulista.
Mídia e Religião: o Ponto de Luz no discurso midiático Iurdiano
Authors: Rosa Juliano Pires da , Severo Kellen dos Santos , Borelli Viviane
Published: February 2022

A midiatização da religião tem se consagrado como a principal forma de operacionalização em diversas ordens e denominações religiosas, dentre as quais se destaca a da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD). Nesse contexto, a existência de distintos formatos do programa iurdiano Ponto de Luz permitiu detectar e relacionar as diferentes formas de enunciação e as estruturas utilizadas nas duas versões transmitidas pela Rede Record e Rede TV!, de São Paulo, e pela TV Pampa/ Rede TV!, de Santa Maria, RS. A pesquisa também aponta de que forma o discurso religioso iurdiano se remodela às técnicas e aos enunciados típicos do campo midiático
Os Media e a Construção dos Caras-pintadas
Authors: Quintão Thales Torres
Published: February 2022

O artigo a seguir visa analisar a relação direta entre política e mídia, ao indagar de que forma o movimento juvenil denominado como caras-pintadas foi construído pelos media; e ao mesmo tempo como se deu a sua apropriação pela mídia, ao transformar os textos políticos em algo atrativo para o grande público. Para isso serão utilizados os textos produzidos pelos principais meios de comunicação no Brasil
Transvenous Approaches to the Vertebral‐Venous Plexus for Endovascular Treatment of Cervical Epidural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Anatomy and Technique
Authors: Caton Michael T. , Isikbay Masis , Narsinh Kazim H. , Baker Amanda , Milburn James , Cooke Daniel L. , Hetts Steven W. , Dowd Christopher F. , Higashida Randall T. , Amans Matthew R.
Published: February 2022

Background

Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (seAVF) are a rare subset of vascular lesions that are most commonly found in the cervical levels. Unlike spinal dural AVF, seAVF are typically supplied by multiple arteries, including direct branches from the vertebral artery, which increases the risk of nontarget embolization using a transarterial endovascular approach. In these cases, transvenous embolization may be a preferable option, but accessing the cervical epidural venous space, also termed the internal vertebral venous plexus, can be challenging and requires advanced foreknowledge of cervical venous channels.

Methods

The authors review salient neurovascular anatomy and present 2 techniques for endovascular access of the cervical epidural space to treat seAVF.

Results

The physiology and structure of the cervical internal vertebral venous plexus is briefly reviewed. Next, the authors describe 2 complementary methods for transvenous access to the cervical internal vertebral venous plexus via the jugular vein (cranial‐caudal) and the vertebral vein (caudal‐cranial). The first approach involves retrograde microcatheterization via the jugular bulb and condylar veins. The second approach involves direct antegrade approach via the vertebral vein, arising from the brachiocephalic vein. Both approaches enable stable catheter positioning for coil embolization at remote cervical levels to treat a wide spectrum of seAVF.

Conclusions

Accessing the cervical epidural venous space is technically demanding and requires effective planning and knowledge of relevant spinal venous anatomy. These techniques are important tools for safe and effective endovascular treatment of seAVF.
Organization of psychological services at the FSBI “FCB&N” FMBA of Russia in the context of re-profi ling
Authors: Ivanova Elena G. , Mikadze Yuri V. , Gordeev Mihail N. , Ivanova Galina E. , Barabanshchikova Valentina V. , Zinchenko Yuri P.
Published: February 2022

Relevance (context) of the subject of the article. Many fi rstline healthcare workers feel high levels of stress due to excessive workload, problems of adapting to new conditions, fear of infection and discrimination and feeling of inadequate support while working with coronavirus infection. Also, an additional burden is placed on the medical staff due to increased anxiety for their health and patients who are afraid to die. On the other hand, the presence of psychologists in the staff of the institution allows them to perform new work tasks, adhering their specialty and workplace. Th e aim of the study is to identify the most effi cient new types of work for a medical psychologists in the FSBI “FCB&N” FMBA of Russia functioning as an infectious diseases hospital. Description of the research progress. Th e study was conducted from April to June 2020 and included informational, methodological, diagnostic and advisory forms of work, the content of which was revised depending on its relevance and the dynamics of interaction with target groups. Research results. Th e most popular and eff ective types of work turned out to be psychological counseling for patients in the “red” zone, work with relatives at the transfer point and remote monitoring of the medical staff condition, the latter being on duty at the exit from the “red” zone and leading a group of patients via WhatsApp. Th e opportunities for emergency contact with a psychologist, the availability of several methods of communication and regular monitoring of the psychological state of medical staff signifi cantly reduced the level of distress and its consequences. Conclusions. Creating conditions for organizing psychological assistance in an institution reorientated to work with a new coronavirus infection is an important task to reduce the stress level of medical staff , overcome the nonadaptive behavior of patients and their relatives, as well as preserve resources of the institution’s psychologists.