bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aboveground carbon sequestration in dry temperate forests varies with climate not fire regime
Authors: Gordon Christopher E. , Bendall Eli R. , Stares Mitchell G. , Collins Luke , Bradstock Ross A.
Published: June 2018

The storage of carbon in plant tissues and debris has been proposed as a method to offset anthropogenic increases in atmospheric [CO2]. Temperate forests represent significant above‐ground carbon (AGC) “sinks” because their relatively fast growth and slow decay rates optimise carbon assimilation. Fire is a common disturbance event in temperate forests globally that should strongly influence AGC because: discrete fires consume above‐ground biomass releasing carbon to the atmosphere, and the long‐term application of different fire‐regimes select for specific plant communities that sequester carbon at different rates. We investigated the latter process by quantifying AGC storage at 104 sites in the Sydney Basin Bioregion, Australia, relative to differences in components of the fire regime: frequency, severity and interfire interval. To predict the potential impacts of future climate change on fire/AGC interactions, we stratified our field sites across gradients of mean annual temperature and precipitation and quantified within‐ and between‐factor interactions between the fire and climate variables. In agreement with previous studies, large trees were the primary AGC sink, accounting for ~70% of carbon at sites. Generalised additive models showed that mean annual temperature was the strongest predictor of AGC storage, with a 54% near‐linear decrease predicted across the 6.1°C temperature range experienced at sites. Mean annual precipitation, fire frequency, fire severity and interfire interval were consistently poor predictors of total above‐ground storage, although there were some significant relationships with component stocks. Our results show resilience of AGC to frequent and severe wildfire and suggest temperature mediated decreases in forest carbon storage under future climate change predictions.
Warming and oligotrophication cause shifts in freshwater phytoplankton communities
Authors: Verbeek Laura , Gall Andrea , Hillebrand Helmut , Striebel Maren
Published: June 2018

While there is a lot of data on interactive effects of eutrophication and warming, to date, we lack data to generate reliable predictions concerning possible effects of nutrient decrease and temperature increase on community composition and functional responses. In recent years, a wide‐ranging trend of nutrient decrease (re‐oligotrophication) was reported for freshwater systems. Small lakes and ponds, in particular, show rapid responses to anthropogenic pressures and became model systems to investigate single as well as synergistic effects of warming and fertilization in situ and in experiments. Therefore, we set up an experiment to investigate the single as well as the interactive effects of nutrient reduction and gradual temperature increase on a natural freshwater phytoplankton community, using an experimental indoor mesocosm setup. Biomass production initially increased with warming but decreased with nutrient depletion. If nutrient supply was constant, biomass increased further, especially under warming conditions. Under low nutrient supply, we found a sharp transition from initially positive effects of warming to negative effects when resources became scarce. Warming reduced phytoplankton richness and evenness, whereas nutrient reduction at ambient temperature had positive effects on diversity. Our results indicate that temperature effects on freshwater systems will be altered by nutrient availability. These interactive effects of energy increase and resource decrease have major impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function and thus need to be considered in environmental management plans.
Dental and periodontal problems of elderly people in Vietnamese nursing homes
Authors: Pham Thuy Anh Vu , Nguyen Tam Quang
Published: June 2018

Objective

To determine the oral health status and treatment needs of elderly residents in Vietnamese nursing homes.

Methods

This study was conducted among 360 men and 431 women with a mean age of 72.9 ± 9.1 years in three nursing homes in Ho Chi Minh City. Demographic information on education, duration of stay, chronic diseases, tooth brushing and tobacco use were obtained from medical records and a questionnaire. The oral health of participants was clinically assessed by a dental examiner using WHO criteria. Oral health status included estimates of coronal and root caries, periodontal disease, denture status and dental treatment needs.

Results

Nearly all (90.1%) of the participants had natural teeth. The mean numbers of teeth with coronal or root decay were 5.8 ± 4.0 and 6.0 ± 4.2, respectively, and almost everyone required at least one restoration for coronal or root caries. Most of the participants with natural teeth had bleeding gingiva on probing, 26.2% had deep periodontal pockets, 96.5% needed oral hygiene improvement plus scaling and 20.3% required complex periodontal treatment. None of the edentulous participants had dentures, and 86.6% required new or repaired dentures.

Conclusion

The prevalence of untreated oral diseases is very high and the need for dental care extensive among the residents of government‐administered long‐term care facilities in Ho Chi Minh City.
Factors associated with deaths from suicide in a French nationwide HIV‐infected cohort
Authors: Hentzien M , Cabie A , Pugliese P , Billaud É , Poizot‐Martin I , Duvivier C , Valantin M‐A , Kaladjian A , Dramé M , Bani‐Sadr F ,   The Dat'AIDS Study Group
Published: June 2018

Objectives

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at a higher risk of dying by suicide than the general population. Epidemiological data regarding determinants of suicide in PLHIV are scarce. The aim of this study was thus to study demographic, socio‐economic, psychiatric history and immunovirological characteristics associated with death from suicide in the French multicenter Dat'AIDS cohort, from January 2000 to July 2013.

Methods

This was a nested case–control study. All deceased PLHIV during the study period who died by suicide and whose medical files could be checked were included as cases. Controls were selected using incidence density sampling. For each case, up to four controls were selected among all actively followed PLHIV at the index date (date of death of cases). Controls were matched for time from HIV diagnosis (5‐year periods) and clinical centre.

Results

Seventy cases and 279 controls were included in the study. By multivariable analysis, the factors significantly associated with death from suicide were: not having children, active or substituted drug consumption, alcohol intake > 20 g/day or history of alcohol abuse, history of depressive disorder and/or of attempted suicide, and psychotropic drug intake. Conversely, age, gender, country of birth, positive HCV serology and HIV‐related factors, such as AIDS status, use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), nadir and current CD4 counts and HIV viral load, were not significantly associated with the risk of death from suicide.

Conclusions

In the cART era, HIV‐related factors are not associated with a higher risk of suicide mortality. Suicide prevention measures should target PLHIV with the psychological morbidities observed in our cohort.
Anxiety in the workplace: A comprehensive occupational health evaluation of anxiety disorder in public school teachers
Authors: Jones‐Rincon Amanda , Howard Krista J.
Published: June 2018

The purpose of the study was to systematically assess demographic, occupational, and psychosocial factors associated with Anxiety Disorder in public school teachers. A sample of 3,361 public school teachers was given an online questionnaire, including questions about demographic, occupational, and psychosocial factors. Anxiety Disorder was based on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Univariate analyses and a hierarchical logistic regression were used to determine the key demographic, occupational, and psychosocial factors associated with Anxiety Disorder. Individuals with Anxiety Disorder were significantly more likely to report absenteeism and higher intent to quit (p < .001). The hierarchical logistic regression showed that the factors most associated with the Anxiety Disorder included being Hispanic (p < .01), taught fewer years (p < .05), teaching elementary school (p < .01), higher job involvement (p < .01), higher perceived stress (p < .01), lower physical quality of life (p < .01), major depression (p < .001), and somatization disorder (p < .01). The results from this study identify specific demographic, occupational, and psychosocial factors associated with the presence of anxiety disorder in public school teachers. Future research should examine how implementing changes in the workplace may improve occupational factors such as job control, satisfaction, absenteeism, and intent to quit, which, in turn, may be associated with a reduction in the presence of anxiety disorders.
Digging into the construct of fibrofog: Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Multidimensional Inventory of Subjective Cognitive Impairment in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Feliu‐Soler Albert , Pérez‐Aranda Adrián , Andrés‐Rodríguez Laura , Butjosa Anna , Díaz Natalia S. , Trujols Joan , Núñez Christian , Stephan‐Otto Christian , Rozadilla‐Sacanell Antoni , Serrano‐Blanco Antoni , Kratz Anna L. , Luciano Juan V.
Published: June 2018

Perceived dyscognition or fibrofog has been ranked as one major contributor of distress in fibromyalgia (FM). The Multidimensional Inventory of Subjective Cognitive Impairment (MISCI) was devised as a brief and comprehensive self‐report measure of cognitive function in FM. The main objective of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the MISCI. One hundred and twenty patients with FM were included, and dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the MISCI were evaluated. Data from brain imaging (N = 61) were also used in validity analyses. Known‐groups validity was evaluated by including a subset of 45 patients without FM in partial/total remission from depression. Sensitivity to change was assessed after a mindfulness‐based intervention. Spanish version of the MISCI exhibited a one‐factor structure, excellent internal consistency, and good convergent validity with symptomatology and gray matter volumes in anterior and middle cingulate cortices. Significant improvements in MISCI scores after a mindfulness‐based intervention were reported. An additive effect of FM and depression regarding MISCI scores was also observed. Self‐reported depression, anxiety, and problems in balance predicted the 38% of the MISCI variance. The Spanish version of the MISCI is a valuable instrument to include in FM research and clinical practice.
Trees as habitat islands: Temporal variation in alpha and beta diversity in epiphytic laurel forest bryophyte communities
Authors: Patiño Jairo , Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Pupo‐Correia Aida , Sequeira Miguel , Vanderpoorten Alain
Published: June 2018

Aim

Trees represent striking examples of habitat islands, with various degrees of spatial isolation and evolving properties during their life cycle. Here, we investigate whether changes in habitat conditions, dispersal limitations or competition cause variation in patterns of epiphytic species richness and turnover.

Location

Madeira island.

Taxon

Bryophytes.

Methods

Using linear mixed effect models, we test whether species richness exhibits a monotonic or hump‐shaped relationship with time. Two groups of host‐tree species, late‐ and early‐successional, were considered. We further identify the mechanisms explaining the observed variation in species composition by dividing beta diversity into its nestedness (βsne) and turnover (βsim) components and correlating them with tree age and geographical distance among trees.

Results

The best‐fit models all included tree age (T), but its quadratic term (T2) and tree height (H, here a surrogate of area) were not systematically included. βsim, but not βsne, correlated with host‐tree age, and both βsim and βsne correlated with geographical distance.

Main conclusions

Tree age was consistently included in all of the best‐fit models, reflecting the progressive increase in epiphyte bryophyte species richness through time. The limited contribution of T2 and H to the best models suggests that competition for space is not a key factor on mature trees. The correlation of βsim, but not βsne, with host‐tree age, and of βsim and βsne with distance among trees, suggests that variation in species composition is caused by (1) temporal community shifts due to allogenic drivers and (2) dispersal limitations, which are reflected by the higher similarity of the epiphyte communities on clustered trees rather than by an increasing probability of colonization with tree age. Since actual ancient laurel forests may no longer exist in Madeira, the conservation of clusters of late‐successional trees, enhancing connectivity at small spatial scales, is of utmost importance for the conservation and recovery of the unique laurel forest epiphytic flora.
Reconciling Alternative Theories for the Safety of Owner–Operators
Authors: Miller Jason W. , Golicic Susan L. , Fugate Brian S.
Published: June 2018

Motor carrier safety is an important concern of shippers, carriers, policy makers, consignees, insurance providers, and the motoring public. One aspect of carrier safety that has garnered substantial attention is whether carriers making greater use of owner–operators are more or less safe vis‐à‐vis carriers making greater use of employee drivers. Currently, conflicting theoretical predictions exist regarding the direction of this relationship. In this article, we offer a reconciliation of the alternative theoretical predictions by developing a coherent theory that merges sociological rational choice theory and theory regarding motor carrier safety. We subject our theory to empirical testing by fitting a series of seemingly unrelated regression models to a vector of safety measures tracked as part of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration's Compliance, Safety, and Accountability program. Our results are consistent with our proposed theory of owner—operator safety and provide meaningful theoretical and managerial implications and directions for future research.
Microaggressions and Islamophobia: Experiences of Muslims Across the United States and Clinical Implications
Authors: Haque Afshana , Tubbs Carolyn Y. , Kahumoku‐Fessler Emily P. , Brown Matthew D.
Published: June 2018

This mixed methods exploratory study illustrates the influence of pervasive misconceptions about Islam on the experiences of 314 adult Muslims across the United States. Quantitative results suggest that Muslim stress levels are comparable to the stress levels of other marginalized groups in the United States. Qualitative analysis revealed four themes that highlight the challenges faced by Muslims as well as their resiliency in the face of microaggressions and marginalization. Family therapists may utilize these personal accounts to expand their understanding of Muslim experiences, and to reflect on their own implicit biases toward Muslims in order to reduce chances of premature termination. Clinical implications include using resiliency‐based models and creating collaborative partnerships with community leaders when working with this religious minority group.
Are Ex‐Ante Hypothetical Bias Calibration Methods Context Dependent? Evidence from Online Food Shoppers in China
Authors: Lin Wen , Ortega David L. , Caputo Vincenzina
Published: June 2018

Consumers are increasingly turning to the Internet as a medium of acquiring food products. This study informs the consumer literature by assessing the effects of three ex‐ante hypothetical bias mitigation methods on Chinese consumer's stated online food shopping behavior: a cheap talk script, the solemn oath, and honesty priming. Using data from choice experiments (CEs), our analysis finds no significant differences in willingness to pay (WTP) values for select product attributes (origin, product rating, and number of reviews) between the various mitigation methods and a control group. Statistical tests and analysis provide evidence that hypothetical bias is not likely a significant concern when implementing certain studies using Internet‐based CEs to elicit marginal WTP values for online food product characteristics. We discuss how e‐commerce can better address consumer needs and explain the importance of our findings for study design and future research on consumer online food shopping behavior.
HORIZONTAL MISMATCH BETWEEN EMPLOYMENT AND FIELD OF EDUCATION: EVIDENCE FROM A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Somers Melline A. , Cabus Sofie J. , Groot Wim , van den Brink Henriëtte Maassen
Published: June 2018

This paper provides a systematic review of the growing literature on the poor match between employees’ field degree and the job requirements, also referred to as horizontal mismatch. We identify the different definitions used in the literature and find that each measure of horizontal mismatch yields substantially different incidence rates. We discuss the validity of the different measures and conclude that a more uniform definition of horizontal mismatch is needed. The likelihood of horizontal mismatch is among other things determined by the extent to which employees possess general skills as opposed to occupation‐specific skills, and, it appears to be more frequently present among older workers. Compared to well‐matched employees, horizontally mismatched workers generally incur a wage penalty, are less satisfied with their jobs, and are more likely to regret their study programme. The ensuing findings offer guidance to prevent horizontal mismatch as well as a roadmap for future research.
It is both possible and safe to perform coronary angiography through the same radial artery, after retrograde recanalization of radial artery occlusion, following a previous coronary angiography
Authors: Balaban Yakup , Elevli Murat G.
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Radial artery occlusions (RAOs) impose an important problem that limit transradial interventions. In this study, we represent that it is possible to perform interventions through occluded radial arteries.

Method

Twenty‐five patients with RAO who had retrograde flow shown by doppler ultrasonography were enrolled into our study. After preparing the radial region, the radial artery was accessed with a puncture needle. A 0.014″ guidewire was introduced into the brachial artery via the radial artery with the aid of balloon back up. Lesion was predilated with a drug coated peripheral balloon, and a sheath was placed at the end.

Results

Radial artery recanalization could be established in 22 of 25 cases and coronary angiography could be performed from those occluded radial arteries. Neither the occlusion duration nor the caliber of the radial artery had any effect on the success rate of recanalization attempts. Two patients had a hematoma because of the intervention and there were no other complications.The patency rates at 1 month follow up have been only 33.4%, too much lower than we expected.

Discussion and Conclusion

In patients with RAO because of a previous angiographic intervention via their radial arteries may be reintervened from their occluded radial artery safely and effectively. So, our procedure is not intended for neither the recanalization nor keeping the patency of the radial artery, but suitable for those patients in whom other routes of intervention are not wanted.
Comparison of device‐supported sensorimotor training and splint intervention for myofascial temporomandibular disorder pain patients
Authors: Giannakopoulos N. N. , Rauer A.‐K. , Hellmann D. , Hugger S. , Schmitter M. , Hugger A.
Published: June 2018

This study was to compare the short‐term therapeutic efficacy of device‐supported sensorimotor training with that of standard splint therapy for patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain over a treatment period of 3 months. We tested the hypothesis that both types of intervention are equally effective for pain reduction. In addition, the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the temporal and masseter muscles was recorded under conditions of force‐controlled submaximum and maximum biting in intercuspation. Of consecutive patients seeking treatment for non‐odontogenic oro‐facial pain, 45 patients with myofascial TMD pain (graded chronic pain status, GCPS, I and II) were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups (sensorimotor training and conventional splint treatment). Patients were evaluated 4 times (initial examination, 2, 6 and 12 weeks later) by use of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Electromyographic activity was recorded at the initial session and after 3 months. Ease‐of‐use of the treatment options was also evaluated. Significant (P < .0001) pain reduction (sensorimotor training 53%, splint therapy 40%) was achieved for both groups, with no significant differences (P > .05) between the groups. Force‐controlled sub‐maximum normalized electromyographic activity was significantly different between T0 and T3 for group A (sensorimotor training, P < .05) but was not significantly different for group B (splint, P > .05). For normalized maximum‐biting EMG activity in intercuspation, however, a significant increase in EMG activity was observed for group A for the masseter and temporal muscles (P < .001) and for group B for the masseter muscle only (P < .001). Moreover, sensorimotor training was significantly (P < .05) less easy to use than the splint. The results of this study confirm the pain‐reducing effect of sensorimotor training for patients with myofascial TMD pain (GCPS I and II). This innovative active treatment might be a promising option for TMD pain patients.
Gas6 protein induces invasion and reduces inflammatory cytokines in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hirschi Kelsey M. , Chapman Steven , Hall Parker , Ostergar Adam , Winden Duane R. , Reynolds Paul R. , Arroyo Juan A.
Published: June 2018

Background

Gas6 protein is involved in the progression of cancers and has been demonstrated to have a role in inflammation. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a common form of oral cancer, and it commonly expresses Gas6. Our objective was to determine the effects of Gas6 on oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion and identify signaling molecules and cytokines associated with Gas6‐mediated invasion.

Methods

Ca9‐22 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of Gas6. Real‐time cell invasion was evaluated, and cultured cells were lysed for Western blot analysis. Cell medium was collected and assayed for cytokine elaboration.

Results

Treatment of cells with Gas6 resulted in: (i) increased invasion, (ii) increased expression of Gas6 and AXL receptor, (iii) reduced invasion when AXL was inhibited, (iv) decreased ERK activation, (v) increased AKT activation, and (vi) decreased secretion of G‐CSF, IL‐2, IL‐6, and IL‐8.

Conclusions

Gas6 increases invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and the invasion correlates with the increased AKT and the downregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These results may prove useful in providing avenues that explain the role of Gas6 in the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Impact of systemic sclerosis oral manifestations on patients’ health‐related quality of life: A systematic review
Authors: Smirani Rawen , Truchetet Marie‐Elise , Poursac Nicolas , Naveau Adrien , Schaeverbeke Thierry , Devillard Raphaël
Published: June 2018

Background

Oropharyngeal features are frequent and often understated in the treatment clinical guidelines of systemic sclerosis in spite of important consequences on comfort, aesthetics, nutrition and daily life. The aim of this systematic review was to assess a correlation between the oropharyngeal manifestations of systemic sclerosis and patients’ health‐related quality of life.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using four databases [PubMed®, Cochrane Database®, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source® and SCOPUS®] up to January 2018, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Grey literature and hand search were also included. Study selection, risk bias assessment (Newcastle‐Ottawa scale) and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO database with the code CRD42018085994.

Results

From 375 screened studies, 6 cross‐sectional studies were included in the systematic review. The total number of patients included per study ranged from 84 to 178. These studies reported a statistically significant association between oropharyngeal manifestations of systemic sclerosis (mainly assessed by maximal mouth opening and the Mouth Handicap in Systemic Sclerosis Scale) and an impaired quality of life (measured by different scales). Studies were unequal concerning risk of bias mostly because of low level of evidence, different recruiting sources of samples and different scales to assess the quality of life.

Conclusion

This systematic review demonstrates a correlation between oropharyngeal manifestations of systemic sclerosis and impaired quality of life, despite the low level of evidence of included studies. Large‐scaled studies are needed to provide stronger evidence of this association.
Characterization of matrix material in Northwest Africa 5343: Weathering and thermal metamorphism of the least equilibrated CK chondrite
Authors: Dunn Tasha L. , Battifarano Oriana K. , Gross Juliane , O'Hara Emma J.
Published: June 2018

Based on the chemical heterogeneity of chondrule and matrix olivine, Northwest Africa (NWA) 5343 is the least metamorphosed CK chondrite reported so far. To better constrain the lower limit of metamorphism in the CK chondrites, we performed a detailed analysis of matrix material in NWA 5343, including characterization of the texture and bulk composition and analyses of individual silicate minerals. Results suggest that NWA 5343 is petrologic type 3.6 or 3.7. Although silicate minerals in the matrix seem to be equilibrated to roughly the same extent throughout the sample, there are recognizable differences in grain size and shape. These textural differences may be the result of transient heating events during impacts, which would be likely on the CK chondrite parent body. The difference between the extent of chemical equilibration and texture may also suggest that grain size and shape are still sensitive to metamorphism at petrologic subtypes where silicate mineral equilibration is nearly complete (e.g., >3.7). Carbonate material present in NWA 5343 is a product of terrestrial weathering; however, infiltration of a Ca‐bearing fluid did not influence the composition of silicate minerals in the matrix. To evaluate the possibility of a continuous metamorphic sequence between the CV and CK chondrites, the bulk matrix composition of NWA 5343 is compared to the CVred chondrite, Vigarano. Although the matrix composition of NWA 5343 could be derived by secondary processing of a Vigarano‐like precursor, porosity and texture of matrix olivine in NWA 5343 are hard to reconcile with a continuous metamorphic sequence.
Molineria jashpurica sp. nov. (Hypoxidaceae) from Central India
Authors: Tiwari Arjun Prasad , Shaikh Mujaffar , Shukla Ackuta Nand
Published: June 2018

Molineria jashpurica A.P. Tiwari, Mujaffar & A.N. Shukla (Hypoxidaceae), a new species from the Jashpur district of Chhattisgrah, India is described and illustrated. It is closely similar to M. gracilis and M. trichocarpa, but differs by shorter pseudopetiole, broad and glabrous leaf blade, delicate scape, fewer flowers and clavate stigma. A key for identification of all Molineria species is also provided. The conservation status of the new species is assessed as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) according to IUCN red list category and criteria.
Electroacupuncture via chronically implanted electrodes improves gastric dysmotility mediated by autonomic‐cholinergic mechanisms in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia
Authors: Zhang S. , Li S. , Liu Y. , Ye F. , Yin J. , Foreman R. D. , Wang D. , Chen J. D. Z.
Published: June 2018

Background

Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). However, its mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms of the prokinetic effects of EA in a rodent model of FD.

Methods

A FD model was established by neonatal treatment of iodoacetamide (IA). Eight weeks later, the rats were implanted with electrodes in the stomach for the measurement of gastric slow waves (GSW) and electrodes into acupoints ST36 for EA. Autonomic functions were assessed by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability.

Key Results

(i) The IA‐treated rats (“FD” rats) showed increased dysrhythmia in both fasting and fed states (P < .01) as well as during rectal distention (P < .02). EA reduced the percentage of dysrhythmia (P < .05 for both fasting and fed) and normalized RD‐induced impairment in GSW in “FD” rats. Atropine blocked the effect of EA on GSW. (ii) “FD” rats showed delayed gastric emptying (P = .001 vs control) that was accelerated with EA (P = .01, vs sham‐EA). (iii) “FD” rats showed increased plasma norepinephrine (P = .006, vs control) that was suppressed with EA (P = .003) and reduced vagal activity that was improved with EA.

Conclusions and Inferences

Gastric motility (GSW and GE) is impaired in rats treated with IA, possibly attributed to impaired autonomic functions. EA improves GSW and accelerates GE mediated via the autonomic and cholinergic mechanisms.
Ultrastructure and optics of the prism‐like petal epidermal cells of Eschscholzia californica (California poppy)
Authors: Wilts Bodo D. , Rudall Paula J. , Moyroud Edwige , Gregory Tom , Ogawa Yu , Vignolini Silvia , Steiner Ullrich , Glover Beverley J.
Published: June 2018

The petals of Eschscholzia californica (California poppy) are robust, pliable and typically coloured intensely orange or yellow owing to the presence of carotenoid pigments; they are also highly reflective at certain angles, producing a silky effect.

To understand the mechanisms behind colour enhancement and reflectivity in California poppy, which represents a model species among early‐divergent eudicots, we explored the development, ultrastructure, pigment composition and optical properties of the petals using light microscopy and electron microscopy combined with both spectrophotometry and goniometry.

The elongated petal epidermal cells each possess a densely thickened prism‐like ridge that is composed primarily of cell wall. The surface ridges strongly focus incident light onto the pigments, which are located in plastids at the cell base.

Our results indicate that this highly unusual, deeply ridged surface structure not only enhances the deep colour response in this desert species, but also results in strongly angle‐dependent ‘silky’ reflectivity that is anisotropic and mostly directional.
Complications and Prevention Strategies of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion Technique
Authors: Zeng Zhong‐you , Xu Zhao‐wan , He Deng‐wei , Zhao Xing , Ma Wei‐hu , Ni Wen‐fei , Song Yong‐xing , Zhang Jian‐qiao , Yu Wei , Fang Xiang‐qian , Zhou Zhi‐jie , Xu Nan‐jian , Huang Wen‐jian , Hu Zhi‐chao , Wu Ai‐lian , Ji Jian‐fei , Han Jian‐fu , Fan Shun‐wu , Zhao Feng‐dong , Jin Hui , Pei Fei , Fan Shi‐yang , Sui De‐xiu
Published: June 2018

Objective

To analyze the early complications and causes of oblique lateral interbody fusion, and put forward preventive measures.

Methods

There were 235 patients (79 males and 156 females) analyzed in our study from October 2014 to May 2017. The average age was 61.9 ± 0.21 years (from 32 to 83 years). Ninety‐one cases were treated with oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) alone (OLIF alone group) and 144 with OLIF combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation through the intermuscular space approach (OLIF combined group). In addition, 137/144 cases in the combined group were primarily treated by posterior pedicle screw fixation, while the treatments were postponed in 7 cases. There were 190 cases of single fusion segments, 11 of 2 segments, 21 of 3 segments, and 13 of 4 segments. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed.

Results

Average follow‐up time was 15.6 ± 7.5 months (ranged from 6 to 36 months). Five cases were lost to follow‐up (2 cases from the OLIF alone group and 3 cases from the OLIF combined group). There were 7 cases of vascular injury, 22 cases of endplate damage, 2 cases of vertebral body fracture, 11 cases of nerve injury, 18 cases of cage sedimentation or cage transverse shifting, 3 cases of iliac crest pain, 1 case of right psoas major hematoma, 2 cases of incomplete ileus, 1 case of acute heart failure, 1 case of cerebral infarction, 3 case of left lower abdominal pain, 9 cases of transient psoas weakness, 3 cases of transient quadriceps weakness, and 8 cases of reoperation. The complication incidence was 32.34%. Thirty‐three cases occurred in the OLIF alone group, with a rate of 36.26%, and 43 cases in the group of OLIF combined posterior pedicle screw fixation, with a rate of 29.86%. Fifty‐seven cases occurred in single‐segment fusion, with a rate of 30.0% (57/190), 4 cases occurred in two‐segment fusion, with a rate of 36.36% (4/11), 9 cases occurred in three‐segment fusion, with a rate of 42.86% (9/21), and 6 cases occurred in four‐segment fusion, with a rate of 46.15% (6/13).

Conclusion

In summary, OLIF is a relatively safe and very effective technique for minimally invasive lumbar fusion. Nonetheless, it should be noted that OLIF carries the risk of complications, especially in the early stage of development.
The anatomical relationship between the axillary artery and vein investigated by radial coronary angiography
Authors: Sert Sena , Kepez Alper , Atas Halil , Mutlu Bulent , Erdogan Okan
Published: June 2018

Aims

To reduce the risk of inadvertent arterial puncture and bleeding, we aimed to define a safe puncture site by demonstrating the relation of the axillary artery and vein.

Methods

The anatomical course and relation as well as crossover sites of the axillary artery and vein, the presence of small arterial bridges over the axillary vein, and validation of commonly preferred axillary venous puncture sites were determined by simultaneous ipsilateral venography in patients (n  =  111; 80 men, age 60 ± 10 years) who underwent coronary angiography by radial artery access.

Results

The axillary vein was detected at the first costa‐clavicular intersection in 62% and at the second anterior and third posterior costal intersection in 60% of the patients. Small arterial bridges over the axillary vein were observed in 77% of the patients and more frequently in females and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (P  =  0.034 and P  =  0.03, respectively). The axillary artery crossed the vein in 24% of the patients and almost always within the region close to the first costa‐clavicular intersection site.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated a high crossover rate (24%) of axillary artery and vein and a high degree of variation in the course of axillary vein. Small arterial bridges over the axillary vein were observed in 77% of the patients.
Clinical features of children with multicystic dysplastic kidney
Authors: Kara Aslihan , Gurgoze Metin Kaya , Aydin Mustafa , Koc Zehra Pinar
Published: June 2018

Background

To evaluate the clinical features of patients with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK).

Methods

The medical files of children diagnosed with MCDK between January 2008 and November 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were evaluated.

Results

Of 128 children with MCDK enrolled in the study, 82 (64.1%) were male, and 46 (35.9%) were female (P < 0.05). MCDK were located on left and right sides in 66 (51.6%) and 62 children (48.4%), respectively (P > 0.05). Antenatal diagnosis was present in 64 patients (50%). The mean age at diagnosis was 2.8 ± 2.7 years (range, 0–8 years), and follow‐up duration was 4.5 years. Fifteen patients (20.8%) had vesicoureteral reflux. Of these, four underwent endoscopic surgical correction. Other associated urological anomalies were ureteropelvic junction obstruction (n = 6), hypospadias (n = 1), and kidney stones (n = 1). On technetium‐99 m dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy, which was performed in all patients, no significant association between grade of reflux and presence of scarring was seen. Hypertension was diagnosed only in one child (0.8%) who required antihypertensive treatment. The prevalence of unilateral undescended testicle in children aged <1 year in the 82 male patients was 4.9%. Seventy‐six patients (59.4%) developed compensatory hypertrophy in the contralateral kidney during a 1 year follow‐up period. Of the total, only seven children (5.5%) had undergone nephrectomy.

Conclusions

MCDK follows a benign course with relatively few sequelae, and therefore these patients should be closely followed up and conservatively managed.
Effect of ultraviolet light on mood, depressive disorders and well‐being
Authors: Veleva Bistra I. , van Bezooijen Rutger L. , Chel Victor G. M. , Numans Mattijs E. , Caljouw Monique A. A.
Published: June 2018

Background

Human and animal studies have shown that exposure to ultraviolet light can incite a chain of endocrine, immunologic, and neurohumoral reactions that might affect mood. This review focuses on the evidence from clinical trials and observational studies on the effect of ultraviolet light on mood, depressive disorders, and well‐being.

Methods

A search was made in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Psychinfo, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier and Science Direct, and the references of key papers, for clinical trials and observational studies describing the effect of ultraviolet light applied to skin or eyes on mood, depressive disorders, and well‐being.

Results

Of the seven studies eligible for this review, the effect of ultraviolet light on mood, depressive symptoms and seasonal affective disorders was positive in six of them.

Conclusions

Of the seven studies, six demonstrated benefit of exposure to ultraviolet radiation and improvement in mood which supports a positive effect of ultraviolet light on mood. Because of the small number of the studies and their heterogeneity, more research is warranted to confirm and document this correlation.
Real effects of banking crises: Imports of capital goods by developing countries
Authors: Michail Nektarios A. , Savvides Andreas
Published: June 2018

We examine the hypothesis that banking crises have real effects on developing economies by reducing imports of capital goods. We test this hypothesis by estimating a model for the determinants of imports of capital goods by a panel of developing economies during 1961 to 2010. Our results suggest that not only do banking crises have statistically significant and economically important effects on imports of capital goods, but these effects increase the longer a banking crisis lasts. Imports of capital goods are a critical component of the capital stock and the production process in developing economies and, thus, our results highlight one important channel through which banking crises may hamper the growth prospects of these economies.
The determinants of interest rates in microfinance: Age, scale and organizational charter
Authors: Nwachukwu Jacinta C. , Aziz Aqsa , Tony‐Okeke Uchenna , Asongu Simplice A.
Published: June 2018

This study compares the responsiveness of microcredit interest rates with age, scale of lending, and organizational charter. It uses an unbalanced panel of 300 microfinance institutions (MFIs) from 107 developing countries from 2005 to 2015. Three key trends emerge from the results of a 2SLS regression. First, the adoption of formal microbanking practices raises interest rates compared with other forms of microlending. Second, large‐scale lending lowers interest rates only for those MFIs that already hold legal banking status. Third, age of operation in excess of 8 years exerts a negative impact on interest rates, regardless of scale and charter type of MFI. Collectively, our results indicate that policies that incentivize mature MFIs to share their knowledge will be more effective in helping the nascent institutions to overcome their cost disadvantages compared with reforms to transform them into licensed banks. For MFIs that already hold permits to operate as banks, initiatives to increase loan sizes are key strategic pricing decisions, irrespective of the institution's age. This study is original in its differentiation of the impact on interest rates of regulations that promote formal banking principles, credit market extension vis‐à‐vis knowledge sharing between mature and nascent MFIs.
Temporal Trends of Biomarkers and Between-Biomarker Associations
Authors: Hu Zonghui
Published: June 2018

We are interested in the temporal trends of biomarkers that are related to disease progression, especially the association between two temporal trends. When biological mechanisms are lacking, no parametric forms of the temporal trends are theoretically justified. In this work, we adopt joint non-parametric local linear mixed effects modelling. By local linear regression, each temporal trend is represented by its magnitude and slope (the primary interest in medical studies) which both change with time. By mixed effects modelling, we take care of data sparsity within each subject and the large subject-to-subject variability. The association between two temporal trends is evaluated by the correlation coefficient matrix, assessing association in terms of both the magnitude and the slope. The joint modelling enables evaluation of the association as a continuous function of time, even if one or neither biomarker is observed at some specific time points. We apply the method proposed to a study of human immunodeficiency virus patients following anti-retroviral therapy until viral suppression. We find that associations between some biomarkers change over time, reflecting potentially changing stages of disease.
Antiplatelet antibody‐induced thrombocytopenia does not correlate with megakaryocyte abnormalities in murine immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Guo L. , Kapur R. , Aslam R. , Hunt K. , Hou Y. , Zufferey A. , Speck E. R. , Rondina M. T. , Lazarus A. H. , Ni H. , Semple J. W.
Published: June 2018

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by increased peripheral immune platelet destruction and megakaryocyte defects in the bone marrow. Although ITP was originally thought to be primarily due to antibody‐mediated autoimmunity, it is now clear that T cells also play a significant role in the disease. However, the exact interplay between platelet destruction, megakaryocyte dysfunction and the elements of both humoral and cell‐mediated immunity in ITP remains incompletely defined. While most studies have focused on immune platelet destruction in the spleen, an additional possibility is that the antiplatelet antibodies can also destroy bone marrow megakaryocytes. To address this, we negated the effects of T cells by utilizing an in vivo passive ITP model where BALB/c mice were administered various anti‐αIIb, anti‐β3 or anti‐GPIb antibodies or antisera and platelet counts and bone marrow megakaryocytes were enumerated. Our results show that after 24 hours, all the different antiplatelet antibodies/sera induced variable degrees of thrombocytopenia in recipient mice. Compared with naïve control mice, however, histological examination of the bone marrow revealed that only 2 antibody preparations (mouse‐anti‐mouse β3 sera and an anti‐ αIIb monoclonal antibody (MWReg30) could affect bone marrow megakaryocyte counts. Our study shows that while most antiplatelet antibodies induce acute thrombocytopenia, the majority of them do not affect the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. This suggests that other mechanisms may be responsible for megakaryocyte abnormalities seen during immune thrombocytopenia.
Coping flexibility and eudaimonic well‐being in university students
Authors: Freire Carlos , Ferradás María Del Mar , Núñez José Carlos , Valle Antonio
Published: June 2018

Despite the growing interest in the relationship between coping strategies and eudaimonic well‐being, few studies have examined this issue from the perspective of coping flexibility. Therefore, the present study aimed to: (1) identify approach coping profiles in the university context and (2) analyze the differences between these profiles in terms of eudaimonic well‐being. A prospective ex post facto design was used and 1,402 university students were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using validated self‐reported instruments. A latent profile analysis was conducted to identify the participants’ coping profiles. The relationship between profiles and eudaimonic well‐being was determined using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), with gender, age, and university degree as covariates. Six student profiles were identified based on the degree to which they combined positive reappraisal, support seeking, and planning strategies. The profiles that involved the use of these three strategies to a greater extent experienced more eudaimonic well‐being, and vice versa. To analyze the impact of coping on eudaimonic well‐being, it is necessary to consider students’ ability to combine different approach coping strategies.
The experience and meaning of same‐sex sexuality among heterosexually identified men and women: An analytic review
Authors: Hoy Aaron , London Andrew S.
Published: June 2018

The components of sexual orientation, including but not limited to sexual desires, attractions, behaviors, and identities, are generally assumed to align in predictable ways. However, ample research from sociology and other social and behavioral science disciplines shows that for many people, these components do not align as expected. In this article, we focus on individuals who identify as heterosexual and experience same‐sex sexual desires, attractions, and/or behaviors. First, we briefly review the available quantitative data on the prevalence of such experiences and use data from one high‐quality national survey—the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG)—to show that self‐identified heterosexuals account for as much as one‐half of the same‐sex sexuality that is reported. Then, we turn to recent qualitative literature and draw attention to the contexts within which heterosexually identified men and women experience same‐sex sexuality, how they make sense of these experiences, and the interpretive strategies they use to reconcile their same‐sex sexuality with their heterosexual identities and their gendered presentations of self. Finally, we conclude by discussing the significance of this research and pointing to several paths forward for sociologists and other researchers.