bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the hybridisation potential of brown trout with particular reference to invaded environments, and a case study from Newfoundland
Authors: Purchase Craig F. , Hanley Connor P. , Lantiegne Tyler H. , Poulos Steven
Published: June 2024

Hybridisation is a complex process that begins with mating. Females have more to lose with each hybrid fertilisation than males, so they should avoid it. Even if females choose con‐specific males as preferred mates, they often cannot control which additional males release sperm during spawning. Polyandry is ubiquitous and may result in hetero‐specific sperm competition between males of different species. In such cases, cryptic female choice (the ability to bias paternity towards certain males under sperm competition) is the last line of defence to prevent hybridisation of her eggs and is highly adaptive if it enables con‐specific sperm preference. Such seems to be the case with the hybridisation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) in their native Europe. Under hetero‐specific sperm competition, hybrid fertilisations in these fish are reported to be reduced via ovarian fluid‐mediated cryptic female choice. It is not known, however, whether the strength of this mechanism is dependent on reinforcement and thus, the historical sympatry/allopatry of hybridising populations. Brown trout are one of the world's worst invasive species. Ecological impacts arise through competition with other species (e.g. Galaxids in the southern hemisphere, Oncorhynchus in western North America). Eastern North America contains native salmonids that evolved in the absence of brown trout but have gametes that are compatible. The 140 ‐year‐old brown trout invasion of Newfoundland is ground zero to study these potential interactions. Their relatively low spread rate across the island may be the result of inherent poor productivity, but data suggest it could also be a function of hybridisation with native Atlantic salmon and brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis).
Treatment of tendinopathies
Authors: Smith Roger K. W.
Published: June 2024

A multitude of therapeutic options exist for the treatment of tendinopathies. However, the evidence base behind many of them is weak because of the difficulties in running adequately powered studies. Nevertheless, choosing the most appropriate treatment necessitates an understanding of the processes of tendon healing and appropriate treatments should be chosen based on the type and location of the injury and the stage of the disease. This review outlines the currently perceived most effective options for the treatment of overstrain and traumatic tendinopathies in horses.
Visualising cancer in 3D: 3‐Dimensional Tissue Imaging for management of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tan Yingrou , Zhang Yuning , Li Jackson Liang Yao , Chia Hui Yi , Tan Melissa Wee Ping , Ebel Gernot , Leong Keith Weng Kit , Lim Eiffer Ying Qi , Chong Kylia Kai Ling , Lee Bernett Teck Kwong , Ng Lai Guan , Tey Hong Liang
Published: June 2024

Surgical management of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) typically involves surgical excision with post‐operative margin assessment using the bread‐loafing technique; or gold‐standard Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), where margins are iteratively examined for residual cancer after tumour removal, with additional excisions performed upon detecting residual tumour at margins. There is limited sampling of resection margins with bread loafing, with detection of positive margins 44% of the time using 2 mm intervals. To resolve this, we have developed three‐dimensional (3D) Tissue Imaging for: (1) complete examination of cancer margins and (2) detection of tumour proximity to nerves and blood vessels. 3D Tissue optical clearing with a light sheet imaging protocol was developed for margin assessment in two datasets assessed by two independent evaluators: (1) 48 samples from 29 patients with varied BCC subtypes, sizes and pigmentation levels; (2) 32 samples with matching Mohs' surgeon reading of tumour margins using two‐dimensional haematoxylin & eosin‐stained sections. The 3D Tissue Imaging protocol permits a complete examination of deeper and peripheral margins. Two independent evaluators achieved negative predictive values of 92.3% and 88.24% with 3D Tissue Imaging. Images obtained from 3D Tissue Imaging recapitulates histological features of BCC, such as nuclear crowding, palisading and retraction clefting and provides a 3D context for recognising normal skin adnexal structures. Concurrent immunofluorescence labelling of nerves and blood vessels allows visualisation of structures closer to tumour‐positive regions, which may have a higher risk for neural and vascular infiltration. Together, this method provides more information in a 3D spatial context, enabling better cancer management by clinicians.
Structural analysis of the peptidoglycan DL‐endopeptidase CwlO complexed with its inhibitory protein IseA
Authors: Tandukar Sudarshan , Kwon Eunju , Kim Dong Young
Published: June 2024

Peptidoglycan DL‐endopeptidases locally cleave the peptide stem of peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall. This process facilitates bacterial growth and division by loosening the rigid peptidoglycan layer. IseA binds to the active site of multiple DL‐endopeptidases and inhibits excessive peptidoglycan degradation that leads to cell lysis. To better understand how IseA inhibits DL‐endopeptidase activity, we determined the crystal structure of the peptidoglycan DL‐endopeptidase CwlO/IseA complex and compared it with that of the peptidoglycan DL‐endopeptidase LytE/IseA complex. Structural analyses showed significant differences between the hydrophobic pocket‐binding residues of the DL‐endopeptidases (F361 of CwlO and W237 of LytE). Additionally, binding assays showed that the F361 mutation of CwlO to the bulkier hydrophobic residue, tryptophan, increased its binding affinity for IseA, whereas mutation to alanine reduced the affinity. These analyses revealed that the hydrophobic pocket‐binding residue of DL‐endopeptidases determines IseA‐binding affinity and is required for substrate‐mimetic inhibition by IseA.
Improving precision and accuracy of genetic mapping with genotyping‐by‐sequencing data in outcrossing species
Authors: LaBonte Nicholas R. , Zerpa‐Catanho Dessireé P. , Liu Siyao , Xiao Liang , Dong Hongxu , Clark Lindsay V. , Sacks Erik J.
Published: June 2024

Genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) is a widely used strategy for obtaining large numbers of genetic markers in model and non‐model organisms. In crop plants, GBS‐derived marker datasets are frequently used to perform quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. In some plant species, however, high heterozygosity and complex genome structure mean that researchers must use care in handling GBS data to conduct QTL mapping most effectively. Such outbred crops include most of the perennial grass and tree species used for bioenergy. To identify strategies for increasing accuracy and precision of QTL mapping using GBS data in outbred crops, we conducted an empirical study of SNP‐calling and genetic map‐building pipeline parameters in a Miscanthus sinensis population, and a complementary simulation study to estimate the relationship between genome‐wide error rate, read depth, and marker number. The bioenergy grass Miscanthus is an obligate outcrossing species with a recent (diploidized) whole‐genome duplication. For the study of empirical M. sinensis data, we compared two SNP‐calling methods (one non‐reference‐based and one reference‐based), a series of depth filters (12×, 20×, 30×, and 40×) and two map‐construction methods (i.e., marker ordering: linkage‐only and order‐corrected based on a reference genome). We found that correcting the order of markers on a linkage map by using a high‐quality reference genome improved QTL precision (shorter confidence intervals). For typical GBS datasets of between 1000 and 5000 markers to build a genetic map for biparental populations, a depth filter set at 30× to 40× applied to outbred populations provided a genome‐wide genotype‐calling error rate of less than 1%, improved accuracy of QTL point estimates and minimized type I errors for identifying QTL. Based on these results, we recommend using a reference genome to correct the marker order of genetic maps and a robust genotype depth filter to improve QTL mapping for outbred crops.
LITERARISCHE VISIONEN EMANZIPIERTEN HANDELNS: EMANZIPATIONSPOLITISCHE ZUSAMMENHÄNGE IM WERK LOUISE ASTONS
Authors: Michaelis‐König Andree
Published: June 2024

Louise Aston's work during the 1840s is usually read within the context of the author's life and biography. This paper differs from this reading. Instead, I explore the extent to which a reading fixated on the author's life runs the risk of overlooking the perspective of behaviours and gender roles that Aston portrayed in her fictional worlds. Using Aston's poem cycle Wilde Rosen (1846), her 1846 pamphlet Meine Emancipation, Verweisung und Rechtfertigung and the three novels Aus dem Leben einer Frau (1847), Lydia (1848) and Revolution und Contrerevolution (1850), I analyse some of the central motifs of her work. Furthermore, I examine Aston's analysis of socio‐economic violence against women and the intersectional perspective in the context of the situation of the proletarian workers of her time. Finally, my focus lies on Aston's gender practices, as can be seen particularly in her character Alice von Rosen. It is precisely Aston's intersectional connection between gender, and sexual and socio‐economic violence that make her literary works so intriguing up to this day.
Assessing quantity and spatial patterns of greenspaces in Chinese universities for enhancing sustainable development
Authors: Yuan Xinqun , Li Xiyu , Yu Le , Liu Tao , Cao Yue
Published: June 2024

Greenspaces on university campuses have gained recognition for their multifaceted impact on the physical, social, emotional and intellectual well‐being of students. The allocation of resources towards the development and maintenance of greenspaces is regarded as a strategy in the pursuit of sustainable development goals. However, the research on greenspaces within higher education has been inadequate. This study conducts an assessment of greenspaces within 2556 Chinese universities using remote sensing and geospatial technology, analysing the disparities in their distribution and exploring the spatial patterns and driving factors on a national scale. A national university greenspace database is obtained. Unexpectedly, the study finds that greenspace area and proportion within Chinese universities are relatively low in comparison to the greenspace areas outside the campus and of the city. There is heterogeneity and a decreasing trend in university greenspace. Compared to university faculty and off‐campus population, university students have the lowest per capita greenspace area. Of concern is the significant issue of greenspace inequality. Our research suggests that the inequality in greenspace provision for university students can be explained by factors of economic development, educational investments and provincial greenspace supply. This study provides an in‐depth analysis of the state of greenspaces in Chinese universities and calls for interdisciplinary and interdepartmental cooperation to address issues of greenspace inequality and campus greening, ensuring the sustainability and livability of urban areas and university campuses.
Replacing pullulan with sodium caseinate to enhance the properties of pullulan nanofibres
Authors: Dabora Suaad , Jiang Bo , Mahdi Amer Ali , Ali Khubaib , Tahir Assam Bin
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the feasibility of using sodium caseinate (NaCAS) to improve the properties of electrospun pullulan (PUL) nanofibres. Replacing PUL with 50% NaCAS [50:50(PUL: NaCAS)] resulted in appropriate viscosity for fibre formation (968.93 mPa.s), increased solution conductivity (1682.50 μS cm−1), decreased surface tension (59.55 mN m−1), which led to forming beadles' fibres with the smallest diameter (141.21 nm), highest water contact angles (117°), and highest thermal stability (24.03% residue weight at 600 °C). X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analyses provided insights into nanofibres' structural and chemical properties and indicated successful blending of the PUL and NaCAS. Results indicated that replacing PUL with 50% NaCAS improved fibre properties. These findings contribute to the development of novel biopolymer‐based nanofibres with potential applications in various industries, including food and bioencapsulation.
Effects of solvent extracts prepared from the cultivars and plant parts of Centella asiatica cultivated in Korea on macrophage activation
Authors: Shin Hyun Young , Jeong Eun‐Jin , Kim Hoon , Kim Yeon Suk , Son Seung‐U , Shin Kwang‐Soon , Lee Kyung‐Haeng , Bae Yun‐Jung , Yu Kwang‐Won
Published: June 2024

Previous studies demonstrated the interrelationship between antioxidant activity and solvent extracts prepared according to cultivars and plant parts of Centella asiatica (CA) cultivated in Korea. In this study, the macrophage‐stimulating activity of solvent extracts was assayed, and we analysed the characteristics of the active fractions of these extracts and the mechanisms underlying the macrophage‐stimulating activity of these fractions. Treatment of macrophages with cold water (CW) extracts (GO‐L‐CW) prepared from the leaves (L) of the ‘GOOD’ (GO) cultivar significantly increased the secretion of immunostimulatory factors. Specifically, the high molecular weight (HMW) fraction (GO‐L‐CW‐HMW) isolated from GO‐L‐CW potently activated the secretion of immunostimulatory factors and increased the mRNA levels of genes encoding these factors or involved in the production of these factors. In addition, GO‐L‐CW‐HMW triggered the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 of MAPK along with p65 and IκBα of the NF‐κB family in the intracellular signalling pathway. The GO‐L‐CW‐HMW was identified as a complex polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 93–129 kDa. In conclusion, polysaccharides present in GO‐L‐CW suggest the possibility of application as a new immunostimulating material.
Effects of a constructed response retest strategy on faking, test perceptions, and criterion‐related validity of situational judgment tests
Authors: Xi Liyan , Weng Qingxiong , Corstjens Jan , Wang Xiujuan , Chen Lixin
Published: June 2024

This research proposes a faking‐mitigation strategy for situational judgment tests (SJTs), referred to as the constructed response retest (CR‐retest). The CR‐retest strategy involves presenting SJT items in a constructed response format first, followed by equivalent closed‐ended items with the same situation description. Two field experiments (N1 = 733, N2 = 273) were conducted to investigate the effects of this strategy and contrast it with a commonly used pretest warning message. Study 1 revealed that the CR‐retest strategy was more effective than the warning message in reducing score inflation and improving criterion‐related validity. Study 2 delved deeper by investigating the effects of the CR‐retest strategy on applicant reactions in a 2 (with or without CR‐retest strategy) × 2 (warning or control message) between‐subjects design. The results showed that applicants reported positive fairness perceptions on SJT items with the CR‐retest strategy. The CR‐retest strategy was effective in reducing faking by evoking threat perceptions, whereas the warning message heightened threat and fear. Combining two strategies further decreased faking without undermining fairness perceptions. Overall, our results indicate that the CR‐retest strategy could be a valuable method to mitigate faking in real‐life selection settings.
Polish nurses in Norway: Migration for “normal” work–life balance
Authors: Pawlak Marek , Seeberg Marie Louise
Published: June 2024

This paper expands and enriches existing knowledge on the work–life balance of migrant workers by exploring the experiences of Polish nurses in Norway. Previous studies predominantly highlight the obstacles faced by migrant workers, such as discrimination, low status and poor working conditions, in achieving work–life balance. Based on ethnographic interviews with 15 Polish nurses working in Norwegian hospitals and nursing homes, our main finding is that these nurses achieved work–life balance through migration. This finding should be viewed in light of their previous experiences in Poland, a precarious state where work–life balance is largely absent, and the apparent insignificance of discrimination in the host country for this group of migrants. The study highlights work–life balance as a cultural process of normalization, constantly negotiated and symbolizing “the West”. Furthermore, it brings attention to the role of class, ethnicity and national contexts in the work–life balance of migrant women.
Do binge drinking adolescents have a greater number of traumatised teeth? A longitudinal study with 12‐year‐olds in Brazil
Authors: Paiva Haroldo Neves de , Guimarães Mariana Oliveira , Filho Paulo Messias de Oliveira , Ferreira Raquel Conceição , Zarzar Patrícia Maria , Paiva Paula Cristina Pelli
Published: June 2024

Background

Binge drinking has been linked to traumatic dental injury (TDI). Once drunk, adolescents are more prone to accidents, which may result in orofacial injury.

Aim

This study evaluated the possible association of binge drinking with a number of traumatised teeth in a population of 12‐year‐old Brazilian adolescents in 2013 and 2015.

Design

This study was longitudinal, carried out with 588 adolescents at two moments, 2013 and 2015. TDI, overjet and lip protection were assessed by calibrated examiners. Binge drinking data were collected through the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Sociodemographic indicators were obtained through a questionnaire answered by the parents/guardians. The Poisson regression model with a random effects intercept was estimated.

Results

A higher prevalence of traumatised teeth was observed among adolescents who binge drink (IRR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05–1.80; p < .05). The prevalence was also significantly higher among adolescents in this age range with a ≥ 3‐mm overjet and those with inadequate lip protection (IRR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.44–2.76; p < .001 and IRR = 3.41; 95% CI: 2.57–4.53; p < .001, respectively).

Conclusion

A greater number of traumatised teeth were found among adolescents who reported binge drinking and had severe overjet and inadequate lip coverage.
Freedom from fear and subjective well‐being: Does personal security affect life satisfaction?
Authors: Chakma Anurug
Published: June 2024

What factors contribute to the life satisfaction of indigenous communities residing in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in south‐eastern Bangladesh? This research delves into this question by examining the impacts of personal security, a key component of human security, on life satisfaction. A survey was undertaken in the CHT, collecting self‐reported data on personal security and life satisfaction from 384 indigenous respondents. Employing both ordinary least squares regressions and Tobit regressions, this study reveals a discernible and statistically significant negative association between personal insecurity and life satisfaction. The findings of this investigation underscore the importance of addressing personal security threats to enhance the well‐being of indigenous populations in the CHT. Policymakers and stakeholders can foster an environment where indigenous communities can survive, thrive and flourish by prioritizing measures to ensure freedom from fear.
Excessive load promotes temporomandibular joint chondrocyte apoptosis via Piezo1/endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Tao Junli , Zhou Jianping , Shu Yi , Xu Jie
Published: June 2024

Excessive load on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a significant factor in the development of TMJ osteoarthritis, contributing to cartilage degeneration. The specific mechanism through which excessive load induces TMJ osteoarthritis is not fully understood; however, mechanically‐activated (MA) ion channels play a crucial role. Among these channels, Piezo1 has been identified as a mediator of chondrocyte catabolic responses and is markedly increased in osteoarthritis. Our observations indicate that, under excessive load conditions, endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrocytes results in apoptosis of the TMJ chondrocytes. Importantly, using the Piezo1 inhibitor GsMTx4 demonstrates its potential to alleviate this condition. Furthermore, Piezo1 mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrocytes by inducing calcium ion influx. Our research substantiates the role of Piezo1 as a pivotal ion channel in mediating chondrocyte overload. It elucidates the link between excessive load, cell apoptosis, and calcium ion influx through Piezo1. The findings underscore Piezo1 as a key player in the pathogenesis of TMJ osteoarthritis, shedding light on potential therapeutic interventions for this condition.
SIAH2 suppresses c‐JUN pathway by promoting the polyubiquitination and degradation of HBx in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Qinghe , Liu Zhiyi , Liu Yao , Qiu Jie , Zhang Xue , Sun Jun , Zhang Bin , Shi Hengliang
Published: June 2024

As an important protein encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV), HBV X protein (HBx) plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been shown that seven in absentia homologue 1 (SIAH1) could regulates the degradation of HBx through the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. However, as a member of SIAH family, the regulatory effects of SIAH2 on HBx remain unclear. In this study, we first confirmed that SIAH2 could reduce the protein levels of HBx depending on its E3 ligase activity. Moreover, SIAH2 interacted with HBx and induced its K48‐linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, we provided evidence that SIAH2 inhibits HBx‐associated HCC cells proliferation by regulating HBx. In conclusion, our study identified a novel role for SIAH2 in promoting HBx degradation and SIAH2 exerts an inhibitory effect in the proliferation of HBx‐associated HCC through inducing the degradation of HBx. Our study provides a new idea for the targeted degradation of HBx and may have great huge significance into providing novel evidence for the targeted therapy of HBV‐infected HCC.
Introduction and temporospatial tracing of piscine orthoreovirus‐1 (PRV‐1) in Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after local fallowing
Authors: Vatne Nina A. , Wessel Øystein , Trengereid Henrik , Haugsland Signe , Rimstad Espen , Stormoen Marit
Published: June 2024

Piscine orthoreovirus‐1 (PRV‐1) is a prevalent agent in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), an important disease in farmed Atlantic salmon. Investigations into the introduction and dissemination routes of PRV‐1 in a field setting have been limited. This study aimed to better understand PRV‐1 infections and HSMI‐associated mortality under field conditions. We tracked introduction and spread of PRV‐1 over one production cycle in a geographically isolated region in Norwegian aquaculture. From five sites, a total of 32 virus isolates were sequenced and genogrouped. The results indicated multiple introductions of PRV‐1 to the area, but also revealed a high level of genetic homogeneity among the virus variants. The variants differed from that of the previous production cycle at two out of three sites investigated, suggesting that synchronized fallowing can be a useful tool for preventing dissemination of PRV‐1 between generations of fish. Exposure to PRV‐1 at the freshwater stage was identified as a potential source of introduction. A low level of HSMI‐associated mortality was observed at all sites, with the onset of mortality showing some variation across PRV‐1 genogroups. However, the study highlighted the complexity of associating viral genogroups with mortality in a field setting. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into PRV‐1 dynamics in a real‐world aquaculture setting, offering potential strategies for disease management and prevention.
Taking John Schulenberg's “long view” on successful transitions to adulthood: Associations with adult substance use
Authors: Rothenberg W. Andrew , Godwin Jennifer W. , Copeland William E. , Shanahan Lilly , Gaydosh Lauren , Gutin Iliya , Coltrane Asha
Published: June 2024

Can positive transitions into young adulthood at age 25 prevent problematic substance use at age 31, even in the context of childhood adverse family environments, conduct problems, and adolescent substance use? We lean on John Schulenberg's developmental framework to examine this question, focusing on the potential young adult milestones of high school and college graduation, employment, residential independence, romantic partnership, and parenthood. Data came from a prospective‐longitudinal multi‐method study with N = 1199 participants who were first assessed at age 5 years old and followed to age 31. An accumulation of positive transitions in young adulthood (age 25) was associated with lower likelihood of age 31 problematic cannabis use. The protective effect for problematic cannabis use remained even when adjusting for childhood adverse family environments and was primarily driven by successful college graduation and/or home ownership. The accumulation of positive transitions protected individuals at modest to somewhat elevated risk due to childhood adverse family environments from experiencing age 31 cannabis use problems. However, for other individuals with very high numbers of conduct problems, or with high levels of adolescent substance use, the protective effects of accumulated positive transitions to young adulthood were less strong or nonexistent. Moreover, individuals who completed college or obtained full‐time employment by 25 were more likely to report problematic age 31 alcohol use. These findings highlight the central tenets of John Schulenberg's developmental framework, including the examination of ontogenetic continuity and discontinuity, the interplay of developmentally distal and proximal effects, and the identification of developmental protective factors that may sway people toward or away from substance use.
Estimation of non‐smooth non‐parametric estimating equations models with dependent data
Authors: Bravo Francesco
Published: June 2024

This article considers estimation of non‐smooth possibly overidentified non‐parametric estimating equations models with weakly dependent data. The estimators are based on a kernel smoothed version of the generalized empirical likelihood and the generalized method of moments approaches. The article derives the asymptotic normality of both estimators and shows that the proposed local generalized empirical likelihood estimator is more efficient than the local generalized moment estimator unless a two‐step procedure is used. The article also proposes novel tests for the correct specification of the considered model that are shown to have power against local alternatives and are consistent against fixed alternatives. Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical application illustrate the finite sample properties and applicability of the proposed estimators and test statistics.
Improving growth models of cultivated sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima, by accounting for intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance
Authors: Krasnow Ruby , Gonzalez Sara , Lindell Scott
Published: June 2024

Dynamic models of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) growth are used to estimate the production potential of seaweed aquaculture in many regions around the world. These models do not currently account for the existence of S. latissima ecotypes that are adapted to regional environmental conditions, particularly temperature. We tested the hypothesis that recalibrating the temperature parameters of a dynamic energy budget model using literature data for S. latissima from regions with a similar climate to the region of interest would result in more accurate predictions than using a general species‐wide temperature response curve. Calibrating the model using data from warm regions significantly improved model accuracy for kelp cultivation at the southern end of the species range (Rhode Island, USA) in cases where the original parameters underestimated growth but resulted in drastic overestimates when heavy frond erosion occurred. In Trømso, Norway, a cold parameterization produced extremely accurate predictions: the model predicted a final frond length of 88.2 cm, compared with the observed length of 87.5 (±4.70) cm. Our results demonstrate that recalibrating temperature response curves allows one model to be applied to kelp aquaculture in different regions, an important step toward the prediction of S. latissima productivity over large areas.
The new definition of dominant stricture in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Prevalence and clinical significance
Authors: Thylin Mathias , Färkkilä Martti , Kautiainen Hannu , Barner‐Rasmussen Nina , Jokelainen Kalle , Puustinen Lauri , Boyd Sonja , Arola Johanna , Tenca Andrea
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims

A new definition of dominant stricture (NDS) has recently been defined for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Prevalence and clinical features of this, compared to traditional dominant stricture (TDS), have not been reported.

Methods

In this single‐centre longitudinal prospective cohort study, all PSC patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) between October 2021 and 2022 were recruited. Symptoms of cholestasis, laboratory values (P‐alkaline phosphatase, P‐Bilirubin), Helsinki PSC‐score, brush cytology findings and need for endoscopic therapy (i.e. dilation, stenting) were prospectively collected.

Results

Overall, 228 patients with PSC underwent 248 ERCPs. NDS was detected in 43 (17%; 36 patients) and TDS without NDS (TDS group) was detected in 62 (25%; 58 patients) ERCPs, respectively; in the remaining 143 ERCPs, neither TDS nor NDS was seen (no dominant stricture [NoDS] group). PSC duration (median 8 years) and patient's age did not differ between the three groups; males presented more often with NDS. Patients with NDS were more often symptomatic, had higher cholestatic liver enzymes, advanced bile duct disease and markers of biliary inflammation (p < .001). Patients with NDS needed dilation (81%) and stenting (21%) more often than the TDS group (60% and 5%, respectively). Dysplasia in brush cytology was more common in TDS (5%) and NDS (9%) than in NoDS (3%) groups (p = .04), but did not differ between TDS and NDS groups.

Conclusions

Dominant stricture according to the new definition developed in 17% of PSC patients in our cohort and identifies patients with more advanced disease, biliary inflammation and need of endo‐therapy.
Habitual use of glucosamine and adverse liver outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes and MASLD
Authors: Shen Yun , Wang Yaxin , Lu Jingyi , Mo Yifei , Ma Xiaojing , Hu Gang , Zhou Jian
Published: June 2024

Background

Glucosamine is a dietary supplement commonly used to support joint health. However, there has been interest in exploring other effects of glucosamine on health outcomes due to its ant‐inflammation effect.

Objective

This study compared the risks of major adverse liver outcomes (MALOs) between regular users and non‐users of glucosamine among patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) using the data from a large prospective cohort study.

Methods

Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory and medication prescription information among 18 753 patients with type 2 diabetes and MASLD was obtained from the UK Biobank. MASLD was identified based on hepatic steatosis defined by fatty liver index ≥60 plus the presence of any clues of metabolic dysregulation and cardio‐metabolic risk factors, excluding patients with moderate to severe alcohol consumption.

Results

During a mean follow‐up of 11.4 years, 826 incident MALOs events were recorded. Patients not regularly using glucosamine compared with patients using glucosamine showed a significantly higher risk of the composite MALOs (HR 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.69) as well as most individual MALOs except for ascites. The multivariable‐adjusted HRs of MALOs within 3, 5 and 10 years among non‐users of glucosamine compared with regular users were 1.79 (95% CI .69–2.03), 1.88 (95% CI 1.21–2.54) and 1.32 (95% CI 1.05–1.72), respectively. Further subgroup analyses in participants with different baseline characteristics and sensitivity analyses excluding participants who regularly took any other supplements and participants who used self‐reports to diagnose diabetes confirmed the findings.

Conclusions

The present study indicated that habitual use of glucosamine was associated with a low risk of individual and composite MALOs among patients with type 2 diabetes and MASLD.
Introducing double fortified salt in social safety net programmes in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in India: Success factors, challenges and lessons learned
Authors: Tsang Becky L. , Deshpande Shilpa , Varghese Mini , Jain Sakshi , de Romana Daniel Lopez , Chadha Manpreet
Published: June 2024

Double fortified salt (DFS; with iron and iodine) was introduced in social safety net programmes (SSNPs) in Madhya Pradesh (MP) and Gujarat states in 2018. Nutrition International (NI) provided critical support for the intervention. An impact evaluation in MP found high DFS uptake, exceeding 90%. Conduct a process evaluation of the DFS programmes in MP and Gujarat states to identify success factors, challenges, and recommend considerations for scale‐up. Twenty‐eight qualitative interviews were conducted with NI staff, national and state level government officials, and DFS producers in 2022. Enabling environmental factors included national‐level support for food fortification, consensus that anaemia was essential to address, and institutional trust in NI for technical assistance. In programme implementation, the primary challenges were reports of black specks in DFS and the darkening of food cooked with DFS. NI supported the government in improving handling practices, ensuring a regular and stable supply, introducing quality monitoring efforts and launching targeted behaviour change communication (BCC) campaigns regarding the value of DFS. Long‐term implementation of the programmes is a weak point, as DFS production is more expensive than iodised salt, there is no existing market outside of institutional demand, and BCC must be long‐term, high‐quality, and requires resourcing for continued high uptake among SSNP beneficiaries. Strong government buy‐in and technical support along the supply chain to address quality issues and beneficiary acceptance were key factors for the successful introduction of DFS. Comparative studies of DFS programmes should be conducted to improve confidence in the success factors that lead to high DFS uptake.
365‐day sectional work zone schedule optimization for road networks considering economies of scale and user cost
Authors: Nakazato Yuto , Mizutani Daijiro
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a methodology for deriving the optimal work zone schedule for the annual routine maintenance planning in an infrastructure asset management system considering the (i) economies of scale in work zone costs due to work zone synchronization and (ii) user costs across the road network with traffic assignments. A key aspect of the proposed methodology is the ability to derive in detail optimal work zone schedules of realistic‐scale road networks in 100 m sections for 365 days, which is beneficial in practice. To this end, an optimization model of the work zone schedule is newly formulated as a mixed‐integer programming (MIP) problem, and a novel bilevel solution method for the model utilizing the conventional solver Gurobi Optimizer with MIP algorithms such as root relaxation, dual simplex, barrier methods, and cutting planes is proposed. In application examples, the proposed methodology is applied to two real‐world road networks, which confirms that the optimal work zone schedule can be obtained in 313.7 s for a network with 2640, 100 m, sections and in 168,180 s (46 h and 43 min) for a network with 5038, 100 m, sections.
A physics‐informed deep reinforcement learning framework for autonomous steel frame structure design
Authors: Fu Bochao , Gao Yuqing , Wang Wei
Published: June 2024

As artificial intelligence technology advances, automated structural design has emerged as a new research focus in recent years. This paper combines finite element method (FEM) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to establish a physics‐informed framework, named FrameRL, for automated steel frame structure design. FrameRL models the design process of steel frames as a reinforcement learning (RL) process, enabling the agent to simulate a structural engineer's role, interacting with the environment to learn the methods and policies for structural design. Through computer experiments, it is demonstrated that FrameRL can design a safe and economical structure within 1 s, significantly faster than manual design processes. Furthermore, the design performance of FrameRL is compared with traditional optimization algorithms in three typical design cases and a high‐rise steel frame case, demonstrating that FrameRL can efficiently complete structural design based on learned design experiences and policies.
A bi‐level emergency evacuation traffic optimization model for urban evacuation problem
Authors: Liu Yanyue , Zhang Zhao , Mo Lei , Yu Bin , Li Zhenhua
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces a pioneering bi‐level emergency evacuation traffic optimization model (BEETOM), crafted to expedite the evacuation process within urban road networks. The innovative upper‐level model offers simultaneous optimization of evacuation departure times and routes, while the lower‐level model focuses on refining traffic signal timing to mitigate delays and queue formation across intersections. To enhance the model's computational efficiency, a distributed solving algorithm is introduced, marking a significant stride in optimization technology. Implemented in two evacuation case studies, the BEETOM model showcases its profound impact by reducing total evacuation time by 6% to 20%. More impressively, it achieves a substantial decrease in both the average travel time and delays experienced by evacuees during evacuation, ranging from 7% to an astonishing 60%. This remarkable efficacy underscores the model's capability to devise highly effective evacuation strategies, particularly valuable for managing large‐scale emergencies or terrorist incidents in urban settings. The BEETOM model stands as a significant contribution to urban emergency management, offering a strategic tool to significantly enhance evacuation efficiency and safety.
Self‐appropriation in nurse engagement: Facilitating the development of expert nurses using Benner and Lonergan
Authors: Healy Caitlin
Published: June 2024

Expert nurses, as described by the work of Patricia Benner, are at the peak of clinical nursing practice and vitally important in ensuring the best possible patient care and clinical outcomes. The development of Benner's theory and its relationship with the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition provides context for understanding the progression necessary for expert development. Contemporary healthcare challenges present implications to the development of advancing levels of nursing practice. Engagement has been identified as critical to achieving expert practice. I propose the incorporation of the philosophical framework of self‐appropriation from Benard Lonergan as a strategy to develop internal engagement in nurses to facilitate expert practice. I outline the synergy between Benner's theory and the work of Lonergan, which provide overlap and opportunity to overcome barriers to developing expert nursing practice. In the challenging climate of healthcare, there is an obligation to promote engagement and facilitate expert nurse development, necessary for patient outcomes as well as clinical role models, preceptors, and leaders to guide future nurses.
Uniportal Full‐endoscopic Foraminotomy for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis: Clinical Characteristics and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Yu Lingjia , Dong Huajun , Tan Haining , Xie Xuehu , Liu Ning , Zhang Guoqiang , Li Xiang , Yang Yong , Zhu Bin
Published: June 2024

Objective

Uniportal full‐endoscopic foraminotomy offers a promising alternative to conventional surgical methods for individuals afflicted by lumbar foraminal stenosis. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of uniportal full‐endoscopic foraminotomy in patients diagnosed with lumbar foraminal stenosis.

Methods

A comprehensive retrospective analysis was conducted on individuals who underwent full‐endoscopic foraminotomy in our medical center, between January 2018 and December 2019. The investigation encompassed the demographic data of patients and key clinical metrics such as the visual analogue scale of leg (VAS‐L) and back pain (VAS‐B), Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, the Short Form‐36 Health Survey physical component summary (SF‐36 PCS) and the mental component summary (SF‐36 MCS), as well as modified MacNab grades, were systematically assessed and compared. Furthermore, radiological parameters: Coronal Cobb angle (CCA), Intervertebral angle changes (IAC), Disc height index (DHI), the foraminal cross‐sectional area (FCSA) and the FCSA enlargement ratio were also compared. A variety of statistical analyses including Student t‐test, chi‐square tests, Fisher's exact tests, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analyses, and Interclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) were employed.

Results

64 patients, including 34 males and 30 females were enrolled. The mean follow‐up period extended to 22.66 ± 7.05 months. Distribution by affected segments revealed 26.6% at L4‐5, 67.1% at L5‐S1 level, and 6.25% at both L4‐L5 and L5‐S1 levels. At the final follow‐up, VAS‐L decreased from 7.26 ± 1.19 to 1.37 ± 1.25, while VAS‐B decreased from 6.95 ± 0.54 to 1.62 ± 1.13 (p < 0.001). ODI score also demonstrated a substantial decrease from 74.73 ± 8.68 to 23.27 ± 8.71 (p < 0.001). Both SF‐36 PCS and SF‐36 MCS scores improved significantly (p < 0.001). Modified MacNab criteria revealed 58 excellent‐good patients (90.7%), and 6 fair‐poor patients (9.3%). No significant differences were founded in the CCA (p = 0.1065), IAC (p = 0.5544), and DHI (p = 0.1348) between pre‐operation and the final follow‐up. However, the FCSA significantly increased from 73.41 ± 11.75 to 173.40 ± 18.62 mm2 (p < 0.001), and the enlargement ratio was 142.9% ± 49.58%. Notably, the final follow‐up FCSA and the FCSA enlargement ratio were found to be larger in the excellent and good group compared to the fair and poor group, according to the modified MacNab criteria.

Conclusion

The utilization of uniportal full‐endoscopic foraminotomy has demonstrated its safety and efficacy in addressing lumbar foraminal stenosis. The clinical success of this procedure appears to be closely associated with the radiological decompression of the intervertebral foramen area. Importantly, the application of this technology does not seem to compromise the overall stability of the lumbar region.
The founding ground of Turkism‐Turanism in the Early Republican Period: Atsiz Mecmua
Authors: Bölükbaşı Yusuf Ziya , Bilici İlhan
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on the division and conflict during the formative phase of Turkish nationalism in the Early Republican Period. Turkish nationalism, the founding ideology of Türkiye, was oriented towards identity and state building, and it developed an ethno‐secular vision. In contrast, Turkism‐Turanism nationalism, emerging from civilian circles, adopted a critical stance towards the official ideology and the prevailing understanding of ideology during that period, as evidenced by Atsız Mecmua. Using discourse analysis, this study examines prominent themes in Atsız Mecmua, such as anthropological Turkishness, Turanism, militarism, and a holistic approach to history. Conversely, communism in its ideological sense and identities other than Turkish were depicted as the other. Atsız Mecmua attempted to foster a new conception of nationalism to challenge Kemalist nationalism, seeking to forge Turkish unity through militarism and a fascist state model.
Study on The Implementation Intention of Health Protection Behavior of College Students in Epidemic Situation of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Ye He , Mahamed Mastura , Shari Sharil Nizam
Published: June 2024

From the perspective of social cognitive theory, this paper refines and integrates the theory of protective motivation, the theory of planned behavior and the individual and social environment factors in risk research, a comprehensive analytical framework was built to predict the implementation intention of public health behaviors. Through the investigation of the college students during the epidemic of Covid-19, we found that the willingness of the public to carry out health behaviors was influenced by two kinds of factors: external social environment and individual internal conditions. As far as the external environment is concerned, perceived normative influence of “Significant others” and informational influence from mass media can positively promote the implementation intention of health protection behavior. At the same time, media attention can also indirectly affect the public's willingness to carry out health behaviors through the mediating effects of self-efficacy and coping efficacy, respectively. As far as internal factors are concerned, self-efficacy is the most powerful direct factor to predict individuals' health behaviors. The existence of cognitive deficit and optimism bias results in the failure of the predictive power of the element of threat assessment on the willingness to carry out health behaviors, however, perceived severity can have a negative effect on health behavior intention through the mediation of the “Avoidance” concept. The study also found that the emotional response not only positively affected the intention to carry out healthy behaviors independently of the cognitive assessment process, but also played a positive moderating role between media attention and the intention to carry out healthy behaviors, however, improper risk concept may have a blocking effect on the implementation intention of health behavior.
An Evaluation of Research Performance: A Survey Study of Undergraduate Media and Communication Students
Authors: Widdatallah Musab Abdelgadir
Published: June 2024

Assessing research performance is essential for adopting enhancement procedures. The emphasis of the study was on undergraduate media students. The objectives of this study were to estimate their research abilities, evaluate the efficiency of some studies conducted, and identify areas for improvement. A survey was employed to collect data about the results of the final examination of the research methods subject. The study gathered 100 scores, representing three batches of male and female students. The study used the independent sample t-test to compare the means for the two groups of males and females and then explain the differences and effect size. The results showed that female students have much higher research method scores (79.3) than male students (74.9). The standard deviation for male research methods scores (10.9) is higher than that for male students (9.8), indicating higher variability in female scores. The standard error of the mean estimates the precision of the sample mean. It is higher for male students (1.5) than for female students (1.4). Hence, male students needed more accuracy in estimating the population mean due to the large variability in their scores. The effect size was (d = 0.41). There were differences (t (df = 98, p =.035) in the scores, with the mean score for the females (M = 79.3, SD = 9.8) being higher than the males (M = 74.9, SD = 10.9). In conclusion, testing students' research skills revealed a slight difference between male and female media B.Sc. students.
Greenhouse gas mitigation requires caution
Authors: Stein Lisa Y. , Lidstrom Mary E.
Published: June 2024

Strategies to mitigate emissions must consider methane and nitrous oxide together