bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An improved coupling model for the lithosphere‐atmosphere‐ionosphere system
Authors: Kuo C. L. , Lee L. C. , Huba J. D.
Published: April 2014

In our previous model for the lithosphere‐atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling, the background magnetic field was assumed to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In the present paper, we improve the calculation of currents in the atmosphere by solving the current density J directly from the current continuity equation ∇  •  J  =  0. The currents in the atmosphere can be solved for any arbitrary angle of magnetic field, i.e., any magnetic latitude. In addition, a large ratio (~10) of Hall to Pedersen conductivities is used to generate a large Hall electric field. The effects of atmospheric currents and electric fields on the ionosphere with lithosphere current source located at magnetic latitudes of 7.5°, 15°, 22.5°, and 30° are obtained. For upward (downward) atmospheric currents flowing into the ionosphere, the simulation results show that the westward (eastward) electric fields dominate. At magnetic latitude of 7.5° or 15°, the upward (downward) current causes the increase (decrease) of total electron content (TEC) near the source region, while the upward (downward) current causes the decrease (increase) of TEC at magnetic latitude of 22.5°or 30°. The dynamo current density required to generate the same amount of TEC variation in the improved model is found to be smaller by a factor of 30 as compared to that obtained in our earlier paper. We also calculate the ionosphere dynamics with imposed zonal westward and eastward electric field based on SAMI3 code. It is found that the eastward (westward) electric field may trigger one (two) plasma bubble(s) in the nighttime ionosphere.
Propagation of lower‐band whistler‐mode waves in the outer Van Allen belt: Systematic analysis of 11 years of multi‐component data from the Cluster spacecraft
Authors: Santolík Ondřej , Macúšová Eva , Kolmašová Ivana , Cornilleau‐Wehrlin Nicole , de Conchy Yvonne
Published: April 2014

Lower‐band whistler‐mode emissions can influence the dynamics of the outer Van Allen radiation belts. We use 11 years of measurements of the STAFF‐SA instruments onboard the four Cluster spacecraft to systematically build maps of wave propagation parameters as a function of position. We determine probability distributions of wave vector angle weighted by the wave intensity. The results show that wave vector directions of intense waves are close to a Gaussian‐shaped peak centered on the local magnetic field line. The width of this peak is between 10 and 20 degrees. The cumulative percentage of oblique waves is below 10–15%. This result is especially significant for an important class of whistler‐mode emissions of lower‐band chorus at higher latitudes, well outside their source region, where a simple ray tracing model fails and another mechanism is necessary to keep the wave vectors close to the field‐aligned direction.
Daily associations among self‐control, heavy episodic drinking, and relationship functioning: An examination of actor and partner effects
Authors: Crane Cory A. , Testa Maria , Derrick Jaye L. , Leonard Kenneth E.
Published: April 2014

An emerging literature suggests that temporary deficits in the ability to inhibit impulsive urges may be proximally associated with intimate partner aggression. The current study examined the experience of alcohol use and the depletion of self‐control in the prediction of relationship functioning. Daily diary data collected from 118 heterosexual couples were analyzed using parallel multi‐level Actor–Partner Interdependence Models to assess the effects of heavy episodic drinking and depletion of self‐control across partners on outcomes of participant‐reported daily arguing with and anger toward an intimate partner. Heavy episodic drinking among actors predicted greater arguing but failed to interact with either actor or partner depletion. We also found that greater arguing was reported on days of high congruent actor and partner depletion. Both actor and partner depletion, as well as their interaction, predicted greater partner‐specific anger. The current results highlight the importance of independently assessing partner effects (i.e., depletion of self‐control), which interact dynamically with disinhibiting actor effects, in the prediction of daily adverse relationship functioning. Results offer further support for the development of prospective individualized and couples‐based interventions for partner conflict. Aggr. Behav. 40:440–450, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New Spinel‐Layered Li‐Rich Microsphere as a High‐Rate Cathode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Dong , Li Guangshe , Fu Chaochao , Zheng Jing , Fan Jianming , Li Qi , Li Liping
Published: April 2014

Li‐rich layered materials are considered to be the promising low‐cost cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries but they suffer from poor rate capability despite of efforts toward surface coating or foreign dopings. Here, spinel‐layered Li‐rich Li‐Mn‐Co‐O microspheres are reported as a new high‐rate cathode material for Li‐ion batteries. The synthetic procedure is relatively simple, involving the formation of uniform carbonate precursor under solvothermal conditions and its subsequent transformation to an assembled microsphere that integrates a spinel‐like component with a layered component by a heat treatment. When calcined at 700 °C, the amount of transition metal Mn and Co in the Li‐Mn‐Co‐O microspheres maintained is similar to at 800 °C, while the structures of constituent particles partially transform from 2D to 3D channels. As a consequence, when tested as a cathode for lithium‐ion batteries, the spinel‐layered Li‐rich Li‐Mn‐Co‐O microspheres obtained at 700 °C show a maximum discharge capacity of 185.1 mA h g−1 at a very high current density of 1200 mA g−1 between 2.0 and 4.6 V. Such a capacity is among the highest reported to date at high charge‐discharge rates. Therefore, the present spinel‐layered Li‐rich Li‐Mn‐Co‐O microspheres represent an attractive alternative to high‐rate electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
A novel homozygous ERCC5 truncating mutation in a family with prenatal arthrogryposis—Further evidence of genotype–phenotype correlation
Authors: Drury Suzanne , Boustred Christopher , Tekman Mehmet , Stanescu Horia , Kleta Robert , Lench Nicholas , Chitty Lyn S. , Scott Richard H.
Published: April 2014

We report on a family with five fetuses conceived to first cousin parents presenting with abnormal ultrasound findings including contractures and microcephaly. Cerebellar hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly were also present in two and fetal edema developed in the one fetus that survived beyond 24 weeks of gestation. Linkage studies of 15 members of the family, including four affecteds, were undertaken followed by exome sequencing of one affected individual and their parents. Analysis of exome data was restricted to the 9.3 Mb largest shared region of homozygosity identified by linkage; a single novel homozygous mutation in the proband that was heterozygous in the parents (ERCC5 c.2766dupA, p.Leu923ThrfsX7) was identified. This segregated with disease. ERCC5 is a component of the nucleotide excision repair machinery and biallelic mutations in the gene have previously been associated with xeroderma pigmentosum (group G), Cockayne syndrome and the more severe cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome. The phenotype in the family we report on is consistent with a severe manifestation of cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome. Our data broaden the reported clinical spectrum of ERCC5 mutations and provide further evidence of genotype–phenotype correlation with truncating mutations being associated with severe phenotypes. They also demonstrate the molecular diagnostic power of a combined approach of linkage studies and exome sequencing in families with rare, genetically heterogeneous disorders and a well described pedigree. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interstitial 22q13 deletions not involving SHANK3 gene: A new contiguous gene syndrome
Authors: Disciglio Vittoria , Rizzo Caterina Lo , Mencarelli Maria Antonietta , Mucciolo Mafalda , Marozza Annabella , Di Marco Chiara , Massarelli Antonio , Canocchi Valentina , Baldassarri Margherita , Ndoni Enea , Frullanti Elisa , Amabile Sonia , Anderlid Britt Marie , Metcalfe Kay , Le Caignec Cédric , David Albert , Fryer Alan , Boute Odile , Joris Andrieux , Greco Donatella , Pecile Vanna , Battini Roberta , Novelli Antonio , Fichera Marco , Romano Corrado , Mari Francesca , Renieri Alessandra
Published: April 2014

Phelan–McDermid syndrome (22q13.3 deletion syndrome) is a contiguous gene disorder resulting from the deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 22. SHANK3, a gene within the minimal critical region, is a candidate gene for the major neurological features of this syndrome. We report clinical and molecular data from a study of nine patients with overlapping interstitial deletions in 22q13 not involving SHANK3. All of these deletions overlap with the largest, but not with the smallest deletion associated with Phelan–McDermid syndrome. The deletion sizes and breakpoints varied considerably among our patients, with the largest deletion spanning 6.9 Mb and the smallest deletion spanning 2.7 Mb. Eight out of nine patients had a de novo deletion, while in one patient the origin of deletion was unknown. These patients shared clinical features common to Phelan–McDermid syndrome: developmental delay (11/12), speech delay (11/12), hypotonia (9/12), and feeding difficulties (7/12). Moreover, the majority of patients (8/12) exhibited macrocephaly. In the minimal deleted region, we identified two candidate genes, SULT4A1 and PARVB (associated with the PTEN pathway), which could be associated in our cohort with neurological features and macrocephaly/hypotonia, respectively. This study suggests that the haploinsufficiency of genes in the 22q13 region beside SHANK3 contributes to cognitive and speech development, and that these genes are involved in the phenotype associated with the larger Phelan–McDermid syndrome 22q13 deletions. Moreover, because the deletions in our patients do not involve the SHANK3 gene, we posit the existence of a new contiguous gene syndrome proximal to the smallest terminal deletions in the 22q13 region. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autosomal recessive spastic tetraplegia caused by AP4M1 and AP4B1 gene mutation: Expansion of the facial and neuroimaging features
Authors: Tüysüz Beyhan , Bilguvar Kaya , Koçer Naci , Yalçınkaya Cengiz , Çağlayan Okay , Gül Ece , Şahin Sezgin , Çomu Sinan , Günel Murat
Published: April 2014

Adaptor protein complex‐4 (AP4) is a component of intracellular transportation of proteins, which is thought to have a unique role in neurons. Recently, mutations affecting all four subunits of AP4 (AP4M1, AP4E1, AP4S1, and AP4B1) have been found to cause similar autosomal recessive phenotype consisting of tetraplegic cerebral palsy and intellectual disability. The aim of this study was analyzing AP4 genes in three new families with this phenotype, and discussing their clinical findings with an emphasis on neuroimaging and facial features. Using homozygosity mapping followed by whole‐exome sequencing, we identified two novel homozygous mutations in AP4M1 and a homozygous deletion in AP4B1 in three pairs of siblings. Spastic tetraplegia, microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, limited speech, and stereotypic laughter were common findings in our patients. All patients also had similar facial features consisting of coarse and hypotonic face, bitemporal narrowing, bulbous nose with broad nasal ridge, and short philtrum which were not described in patients with AP4M1 and AP4B1 mutations previously. The patients presented here and previously with AP4M1, AP4B1, and AP4E1 mutations shared brain abnormalities including asymmetrical ventriculomegaly, thin splenium of the corpus callosum, and reduced white matter volume. The patients also had hippocampal globoid formation and thin hippocampus. In conclusion, disorders due to mutations in AP4 complex have similar neurological, facial, and cranial imaging findings. Thus, these four genes encoding AP4 subunits should be screened in patients with autosomal recessive spastic tetraplegic cerebral palsy, severe intellectual disability, and stereotypic laughter, especially with the described facial and cranial MRI features. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Developmental Brain Disorders Database (DBDB): A curated neurogenetics knowledge base with clinical and research applications
Authors: Mirzaa Ghayda M. , Millen Kathleen J. , Barkovich A. James , Dobyns William B. , Paciorkowski Alex R.
Published: April 2014

The number of single genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders has increased dramatically over the past decade. The identification of causative genes for these disorders is important to clinical outcome as it allows for accurate assessment of prognosis, genetic counseling, delineation of natural history, inclusion in clinical trials, and in some cases determines therapy. Clinicians face the challenge of correctly identifying neurodevelopmental phenotypes, recognizing syndromes, and prioritizing the best candidate genes for testing. However, there is no central repository of definitions for many phenotypes, leading to errors of diagnosis. Additionally, there is no system of levels of evidence linking genes to phenotypes, making it difficult for clinicians to know which genes are most strongly associated with a given condition. We have developed the Developmental Brain Disorders Database (DBDB: https://www.dbdb.urmc.rochester.edu/home), a publicly available, online‐curated repository of genes, phenotypes, and syndromes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. DBDB contains the first referenced ontology of developmental brain phenotypes, and uses a novel system of levels of evidence for gene‐phenotype associations. It is intended to assist clinicians in arriving at the correct diagnosis, select the most appropriate genetic test for that phenotype, and improve the care of patients with developmental brain disorders. For researchers interested in the discovery of novel genes for developmental brain disorders, DBDB provides a well‐curated source of important genes against which research sequencing results can be compared. Finally, DBDB allows novel observations about the landscape of the neurogenetics knowledge base. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The WNT10A gene in ectodermal dysplasias and selective tooth agenesis
Authors: Mues Gabriele , Bonds John , Xiang Lilin , Vieira Alexandre R. , Seymen Figen , Klein Ophir , D'Souza Rena N.
Published: April 2014

Mutations in the WNT10A gene were first detected in the rare syndrome odonto‐onycho‐dermal dysplasia (OODD, OMIM257980) but have now also been found to cause about 35–50% of selective tooth agenesis (STHAG4, OMIM150400), a common disorder that mostly affects the permanent dentition. In our random sample of tooth agenesis patients, 40% had at least one mutation in the WNT10A gene. The WNT10A Phe228Ile variant alone reached an allele frequency of 0.21 in the tooth agenesis cohort, about 10 times higher than the allele frequency reported in large SNP databases for Caucasian populations. Patients with bi‐allelic WNT10A mutations have severe tooth agenesis while heterozygous individuals are either unaffected or have a mild phenotype. Mutations in the coding areas of the WNT10B gene, which is co‐expressed with WNT10A during odontogenesis, and the WNT6 gene which is located at the same chromosomal locus as WNT10A in humans, do not contribute to the tooth agenesis phenotype. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Xq28 duplication overlapping the int22h‐1/int22h‐2 region and including RAB39B and CLIC2 in a family with intellectual and developmental disability
Authors: Andersen Erica F. , Baldwin Erin E. , Ellingwood Sara , Smith Rosemarie , Lamb Allen N.
Published: April 2014

Duplications involving terminal Xq28 are a known cause of intellectual disability (ID) in males and in females with unfavorable X‐inactivation patterns. Within Xq28, functional disomy of MECP2 causes a severe ID syndrome, however the dosage sensitivity of other Xq28 duplicated genes is less certain. Duplications involving the int22h‐1/int22h‐2 LCR‐flanked region in distal Xq28 have recently been linked to a novel ID‐associated phenotype. While evidence for the dosage sensitivity of this region is emerging, the phenotypic contribution of individual genes within the int22h‐1/int22h‐2‐flanked region has yet to be determined. We report a familial case of a novel 774 kb Xq28‐qter duplication, detected by cytogenomic microarray analysis, that partially overlaps the int22h‐1/int22h‐2‐flanked region. This duplication and a 570 kb Xpter‐p22.33 loss within the pseudoautosomal region were identified in three siblings, one female and two males, who presented with developmental delays/intellectual disability, mild dysmorphic features and short stature. Although unconfirmed, these results are suggestive of maternal inheritance of a recombinant X. We compare our clinical findings to patients with int22h‐1/int22h‐2‐mediated duplications and discuss the potential pathogenicity of genes within the duplicated region, including those within the shared region of overlap, RAB39B and CLIC2. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioselective Addition of Silicon Nucleophiles to Aldimines Using a Preformed NHC–Copper(I) Complex as the Catalyst
Authors: Hensel Alexander , Nagura Kazuhiko , Delvos Lukas B. , Oestreich Martin
Published: April 2014

A remaining major challenge in the asymmetric addition of silicon nucleophiles to typical prochiral acceptors, the enantioselective 1,2‐addition to aldimines, is addressed. Activation of the SiB bond in the silicon pronucleophile by a copper(I) alkoxide with McQuade’s chiral six‐membered N‐heterocyclic carbene as a supporting ligand releases the silicon nucleophile, which adds to various aldimines with high levels of enantioselectivity. The new method provides a catalytic asymmetric access to α‐silylated amines.
Conductivity and intermolecular interactions in proton‐conducting gel electrolytes
Authors: Shmukler Liudmila E. , Van Thuc Nguyen , Fadeeva Yulia A. , Safonova Liubov P.
Published: April 2014

Proton‐conducting gel electrolytes based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF), and mixtures of PMMA with PVdF or poly(vinyl chloride) doped by acid solutions in aprotic solvents were synthesized and are discussed in this article. The gel conductivity as a function of the concentrations of acid and polymer and the polymeric matrix composition has been analyzed. Extreme dependence of the conductivity on acid and polymer concentrations was found. It was revealed that within the acid concentration range studied, the gel conductivity was higher than the conductivity of the corresponding liquid electrolytes used for the synthesis. The increase in the electrical conductivity with the growth of the systems viscosity is discussed as an indication of a certain involvement of the polymer matrix in the increase of the charge carrier mobility within the frame of a Grotthuss mechanism. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40674.
Preparation of charged mosaic membrane of sodium polystyrene sulfonate and poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) by conjugate electrospinning
Authors: Chen Yulu , Cui Yimeng , Jia Yuanshan , Zhan Kan , Zhang Hui , Chen Guoxia , Yang Yadong , Wu Min , Ni Henmei
Published: April 2014

Conjugate electrospinning of two nozzles with opposite charges was used for the fabrication of charged mosaic membrane (CM membrane). Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PNaSS) and poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) were selected as anionic and cationic exchange elements, respectively. Polyvinyl alcohol was used as the common matrix for the enhancement of mechanical properties by formaldehyde crosslinking. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and tensile testing for nanofiber were used for the characterizations of CM membrane. Using the conjugate electrospinning, a simple equation was established to predict the mean diameters of nanofibers. It was proved that the calculated diameters fit well with the experimental data using electrospinning parameters such as concentration of spun solution, collecting speed, rate of solution supply, and distance of two nozzles. TEM picture showed a PNaSS nanofiber was incorporated with a P4VP nanofiber. However, SEM photo indicated that the alignment of composite nanofibers in CM membrane was greatly affected by the concentration of polyelectrolyte. As the concentration of PNaSS increased, the alignment degree decreased. After crosslinking with formaldehyde for 20 h, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of CM membrane reached 11.3 and 24.8 MPa, respectively. The water content and water insolubility of CM membrane were also investigated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40716.
Reactions of Terpenes Catalyzed by Heteropoly Compounds: Valorization of Biorenewables
Authors: Gusevskaya Elena V.
Published: April 2014

Heteropoly compounds (HPCs) have already proved their high potential for the clean synthesis of commercially valuable chemicals. However, the use of HPCs for the transformations of terpenic substrates became a research topic only about 20 years ago. Terpenes, natural products available from essential oils, are an important biomass‐based feedstock for the pharmaceutical, flavor, and fragrance industries.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydroaroylation of Styrenes in Water through Directed CH Bond Activation
Authors: Tlili Anis , Schranck Johannes , Pospech Jola , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: April 2014

Selective CH bond‐functionalization reactions of arenes offer the potential for a more benign synthesis of fine chemicals and organic building blocks for the life science industries. In this respect, direct carbonylative coupling reactions of (hetero)arenes allow for the straightforward synthesis of (hetero)aromatic ketones and related derivatives. Herein, we present an efficient ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed carbonylative hydroarylation of alkenes through directed CH functionalization. More specifically, the carbonylative hydroarylation of styrenes with 2‐aryl‐ (heteroaryl)pyridines and related derivatives proceeds selectively and with 100 % atom efficiency in water as the solvent.
Optimal Positioning of the Circulating Load Input along the Tube Mill Length
Authors: Mizonov Vadim , Zhukov Vladimir , Zaitsev Victor
Published: April 2014

A method was sought that allows for coordinating the particle grinding time and the particle size in a closed milling circuit. This can be achieved by placing the input of the return flow from an end classifier at an intermediate position of the tube mill length. A simple model to estimate the efficiency of the approach is proposed. It is shown that such an optimal position exists and depends on the classifier efficiency.
Grinding of Vegetal Fibers to Micrometer Size
Authors: Marin Bernard J. , Deleu Hélène
Published: April 2014

Wheat bran is a vegetal fibrous material rich in different chemicals (e.g. arabinoxylan) that can be used as food ingredient. To increase the extractability of these compounds, production of small fiber particles and therefore milling for long periods of time have been proposed. Different laboratory‐ and pilot‐scale technologies for fine and ultrafine grinding of wheat bran were evaluated in this publication. Various milling tools were applied both under wet and dry conditions. Generally better results were obtained when grinding the wheat bran under dry condition. Optimum results were achieved by a combination of ball milling followed by treatment of the powder with a jet air mill. Electron microscopic evaluation confirmed the sub‐micrometer size of most particles and the presence of agglomerates.
Influence of Different Grinding Devices on the Reactivity of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Reformat Martin , Ludwig Horst‐Michael
Published: April 2014

To reduce environmental impact of cement production, granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) can be used as a cement clinker substitution. Its reactivity of can be increased by adequate fine grinding. The impact of different conventional laboratory‐scaled mills (ball mill, vertical mill, and roller press) on the material properties was researched. Granulometrical, structural, and calorimetrical investigations were done. It could be demonstrated that at the same fineness the grinding unit does not significantly influence the cement performance like hydration heat release and compressive strength. On the other hand, particle properties like particle size distribution, particle shape, and thus workability characteristics of composite cements have been changed.
Size Reduction as Integral Element for Development and Manufacturing of Engineered Drug Particles
Authors: Juhnke Michael , John Edgar
Published: April 2014

A general overview for the process development and manufacturing of engineered drug particles by size reduction techniques is provided. Drug compound and drug product characteristics are reviewed, which may need an engineered drug particle size. Drug particle attributes are introduced which are affected by size reduction techniques and potentially require additional downstream processing effort. The development of drug particle size specifications is described, including adequate size control. A brief overview is given on dry‐ and wet‐milling technologies currently applied in drug development and manufacturing, including selected application examples. Finally, the processing of highly active drug compounds is introduced with respect to equipment design, worker protection, cleaning and waste management to minimize worker exposure and environmental impact.
Challenges in Nanogrinding of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Bitterlich André , Laabs Christina , Busmann Eike , Grandeury Arnaud , Juhnke Michael , Bunjes Heike , Kwade Arno
Published: April 2014

The production of nanosuspensions via stirred‐media milling has proved to be an effective method to overcome bioavailability challenges of poorly water‐soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The fine‐grinding of the APIs cinnarizine and fenofibrate was investigated. Important process parameters were varied and the influence on product quality was studied. Different challenges were identified prior to and during milling: Foaming inside the milling equipment and agglomeration of fenofibrate occurred, and a long‐term grinding experiment for cinnarizine revealed an increase in particle size, caused by ripening of the drug crystals during milling. Thus, the stability against ripening during the process is a newly identified challenge for the fine‐grinding of APIs.
Synthesis and Electronic Properties of 1,2‐Hemisquarimines and Their Encapsulation in a Cucurbit[7]uril Host
Authors: De Filippo Christian C. , Tang Hao , Ravotto Luca , Bergamini Giacomo , Salice Patrizio , Mba Miriam , Ceroni Paola , Galoppini Elena , Maggini Michele
Published: April 2014

The synthesis of a new class of robust squaraine dyes, colloquially named 1,2‐hemisquarimines (1,2‐HSQiMs), through the microwave‐assisted condensation of aniline derivatives with the 1,2‐squaraine core is reported. In CH3CN, 1,2‐HSQiMs show a broad absorption band with a high extinction coefficient and a maximum at around λ=530 nm, as well as an emission band centered at about λ=574 nm, that are pH dependent. Protonation of the imine nitrogen causes a redshift of both absorption and emission maxima, with a concomitant increase in the lifetime of the emitting excited state. Encapsulation of the chromophore into a cucurbit[7]uril host revealed fluorescence enhancement and increased photostability in water. The redox characteristics of 1,2‐HSQiMs indicate that charge injection into TiO2 is possible; this opens up promising perspectives for their use as photosensitizers for solar energy conversion.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Cyclotriphosphate Hydrates Nd(P3O9)·3H2O, Nd(P3O9)·4.5H2O, RE(P3O9)·5H2O (RE: Pr, Nd), and Na3RE (P3O9)2·6H2O (RE: Pr, Nd).
Authors: Daub Michael , Kazmierczak Karolina , Hoeppe Henning A.
Published: April 2014

The title cyclotriphosphate hydrates are obtained from aqueous solutions of LnCl3 (Ln: Pr, Nd) and Na3(P3O9) and characterized by single crystal XRD and vibrational spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Investigations of POF3.
Authors: Feller Michael , Lux Karin , Kornath Andreas
Published: April 2014

Matrix isolated POF3 is prepared by condensation of POCl3 to SbF3 (steel reactor, ‐196 °C, warming to room temperature within 3 h) followed by vacuum purification from HCl or PF5 (‐70 °C, 100 mbar).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Modifications of (TeO)(HAsO4) and Its Dehydration Product (Te3O3)(AsO4)2 — Three More Examples of Tellurium(IV) with a Fivefold Oxygen Coordination.
Authors: Weil Matthias
Published: April 2014

Two modifications of (TeO)(HAsO4) are prepared by reactions of TeO2 with aqueous H3AsO4.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of the Copper Iron Phosphate Cu8Fe2O5(PO4)4.
Authors: Weimann Iren , Jahn Thorsten , Feller Joerg , Zak Zdirad
Published: April 2014

The phase diagram of the CuO—Fe2O3—P2O5 system is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilization of Ru(III) Complex on Silica: A Heterogenized Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Ganesamoorthy S. , Tamizh M. Muthu , Shanmugasundaram K. , Karvembu R.
Published: April 2014

The novel title catalyst is successfully employed to the selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols with periodic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient One‐Step Protocol for the Preparation of Alkyl‐Substituted Ammonium Tetrafluoroborate and Hexafluorophosphate Salts.
Authors: Saba Shahrokh , Hernandez Renee , Choy Christine Chin , Carta Kristine , Bennett Yaasmin , Bondi Steven , Kolaj Sebastian , Bennett Caitlin
Published: April 2014

A high yielding protocol allows the synthesis of a series of mono‐, di‐, and trisubstituted ammonium salts under nonaqueous conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Cyanoacryloyl Chloride and Its Interaction with O‐ and S‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Dyatlov Valerie A. , Rustamov Iskander R. , Grebeneva Tatiana A. , Maleev Viktor I. , Gololobov Yuri G. , Kireev Vyacheslav
Published: April 2014

Oxalyl chloride is shown to be the best chlorinating agent for the synthesis of title compound (II) which is used for the preparation of esters (VII) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Titanocene(III)‐Catalyzed 6‐exo versus 7‐endo Cyclizations of Epoxypolyprenes: Efficient Control and Synthesis of Versatile Terpenic Building Blocks.
Authors: Justicia Jose , Jimenez Tania , Miguel Delia , Contreras‐Montoya Rafael , Chahboun Rachid , Alvarez‐Manzaneda Enrique , Collado‐Sanz Daniel , Cardenas Diego J. , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: April 2014

Additionally a computational study of the regioselectivity is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and General Reduction of Amides to Amines with Low‐Valent Titanium.
Authors: Zhang Tongxin , Zhang Yan , Zhang Weixi , Luo Meiming
Published: April 2014

The title method is applied to primary, secondary, and tertiary amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Pushing Back the Limits of Hydrosilylation: Unprecedented Catalytic Reduction of Organic Ureas to Formamidines.
Authors: Pouessel Jacky , Jacquet Olivier , Cantat Thibault
Published: April 2014

A novel catalytic transformation is designed to prepare formamidine derivatives by reduction of substituted symmetrical and unsymmetrical ureas with hydrosilane.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of N‐Cyanobenzamides from Aryl Iodides/Bromides and Cyanamide.
Authors: Mane Rajendra S. , Nordeman Patrik , Odell Luke R. , Larhed Mats
Published: April 2014

A novel and convenient method is developed for the aminocarbonylation of aryl halides using cyanamide and either Mo(CO)6 as the CO source or gaseous CO directly to give N‐cyanobenzamides in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Oxidative Catalysis by a Porphyrin‐Inspired Manganese Complex: Highly Enantioselective Sulfoxidation with a Wide Substrate Scope.
Authors: Dai Wen , Li Jun , Chen Bo , Li Guosong , Lv Ying , Wang Lianyue , Gao Shuang
Published: April 2014

The first genuinely promising asymmetric sulfoxidation method using a manganese triflate/chiral ligand catalytic system is presented, suited for rapid oxidation of a wide variety of sulfides in high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some 2‐Azetidinone Derivatives as Potential Antihyperlipidemic Agents.
Authors: Arya Nikhilesh , Dwivedi Jaya , Khedkar Vijay M. , Coutinho Evans C. , Jain Kishor S.
Published: April 2014

Some of the title compounds (V) show significant lipid‐lowering effects comparable to ezetimibe.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N′‐Dioxide—Scandium(III)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of β,γ‐Unsaturated Butenolides to α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Ji Jie , Lin Lili , Zhou Lin , Zhang Yuheng , Liu Yangbin , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: April 2014

The scalable title reaction affords the products with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Addition/Cyclization Cascade Reaction for the Construction of Diversely Structured Spiro‐Oxindole Skeletons.
Authors: Shi Xiao‐Mei , Dong Wei‐Ping , Zhu Li‐Ping , Jiang Xian‐Xing , Wang Rui
Published: April 2014

A convenient protocol is presented for the first organocatalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition/cyclization cascade reaction of α,α‐dicyanoalkenes and 3‐alkylideneoxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole Synthesis by Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Hydrazine‐Directed C—H Activation: Redox‐Neutral and Traceless by N—N Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Zhao Dongbing , Shi Zhuangzhi , Glorius Frank
Published: April 2014

This reaction yields unprotected indoles from 2‐acetyl‐1‐arylhydrazines and alkynes without the need for an external oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green and Efficient Ammonium Acetate‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 4‐[(2‐Hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)(phenyl)methyl]‐3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ol Derivatives
Authors: You Hanyun , Lei Min , Hu Lihong
Published: April 2014

using a three‐component reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzimidazoles from 2‐Nitroanilines and Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Li Gang , Wang Jin , Yuan Baokun , Zhang Dongfeng , Lin Ziyun , Li Peng , Huang Haihong
Published: April 2014

The reaction tolerates a wide range of the aromatic and heteroaromatic substituents in the benzylic alcohols and a phenylallylic alcohol but no reaction takes place when allyl‐ or alkyl alcohols are applied
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionally Substituted Isoxazole and Isothiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Potkin V. I. , Petkevich S. K. , Kletskov A. V. , Dikusar E. A. , Zubenko Yu. S. , Zhukovskaya N. A. , Kazbanov V. V. , Pashkevich S. G.
Published: April 2014

A variety of ester compounds containing two isoxazole moieties [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Pyrazole Integrated 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation.
Authors: Ningaiah Srikantamurthy , Bhadraiah Umesha K. , Doddaramappa Shridevi D. , Keshavamurthy Shubakara , Javarasetty Chethan
Published: April 2014

Among the synthesized oxadiazole derivatives, compound (IIIh) emerges as an effective antimicrobial agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydromagnesite as an Efficient Recyclable Heterogeneous Solid Base Catalyst for the Synthesis of Flavanones, Flavonols and 1,4‐Dihydropyridines in Water.
Authors: Rajesh U. Chinna , Manohar Sunny , Rawat Diwan S.
Published: April 2014

A form of hydromagnesite with flower‐like thin‐sheet morphology is prepared and successfully employed as the catalyst for the synthesis of flavones (II), flavonol (III) and the multicomponent synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridines (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phenylalkyl‐Substituted Polyhydroxypiperidines as Potent Inhibitors for α‐L‐Fucosidase.
Authors: Toyooka Naoki , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

Key intermediate (III) is converted into homologues (V) and (VIII) either by Lemieux—Johnson oxidation and subsequent Wittig reaction or in one step by Grubb metathesis, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Tryptanthrin Compounds upon Oxone‐Induced Dimerization of Indole‐3‐carbaldehydes.
Authors: Nelson Amber C. , Kalinowski Emily S. , Jacobson Taylor L. , Grundt Peter
Published: April 2014

In general, the synthesis of tryptanthrin derivatives by Oxone‐induced dimerization of the corresponding indole‐3‐carbaldehydes appears to be limited to 5‐halo substituted compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Arylenedioxytrihalophosphoranes with Acetylenes. Part 11. Electronic Effect of the Substituent in Arylacetylene on the Reaction Rate.
Authors: Mironov V. F. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

Reaction of 1,3,2‐dioxaphosphole derivative (I) with arylacetylene (II) affords phosphacoumarin derivative (III) (other examples are without yields).
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Phenols into Selenophenols: Seleno Newman—Kwart Rearrangement.
Authors: Soerensen Anne , Rasmussen Brian , Agarwal Shubham , Schau‐Magnussen Magnus , Soelling Theis I. , Pittelkow Michael
Published: April 2014

This rearrangement works best with electron‐withdrawing substituents in ortho‐ and/or para‐position due to a lower energy barrier of activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of C‐Arylglycals via Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Dihydropyranylphosphates.
Authors: Leidy Michelle R. , Hoffman Mason J. , Pongdee Rongson
Published: April 2014

The Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of dihydropyranylphosphates with various arylboronate esters affords the corresponding arylated dihydropyrans including C‐arylated glycal (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Route to Natural Nostoclides and Analogues: A Total Synthesis of Nostoclides I (Ia) and II (Ib).
Authors: Ngi Samuel Inack , Petrignet Julien , Duwald Romain , El Hilali El Mostafa , Abarbri Mohamed , Duchene Alain , Thibonnet Jerome
Published: April 2014

The total synthesis is based on a two‐step sequence consisting of the Cu‐catalyzed tandem reaction associated with the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron‐based Hydrides for Chemical Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Moussa Georges , Moury Romain , Demirci Umit B. , Sener Tansel , Miele Philippe
Published: April 2014

Review: 173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano Boron Nitride Flatland
Authors: Pakdel Amir , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri
Published: April 2014

Review: synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of two‐dimensional BN nanostructures; 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Tricyclic Sesquiterpene Lactones and Related Compounds from Moscharia and Trixis Species
Authors: Krishna Vivek , Singh Pahup
Published: April 2014

Review: structure elucidation; 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrrolidines
Authors: Han Man‐Yi , Jia Ju‐Ying , Wang Wei
Published: April 2014

Review: [44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Redox Catalysis
Authors: Bordes‐Richard Elisabeth , Vedrine Jacques
Published: April 2014

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Aspects of Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Regioselective C—H Bond Functionalization of Arenes and Heteroarenes
Authors: Kapdi Anant R.
Published: April 2014

Review: 252 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hidden Problems in Interfacial Electrochemistry
Authors: Marichev V. A.
Published: April 2014

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluating Metal—Organic Frameworks for Natural Gas Storage
Authors: Mason Jarad A. , Veenstra Mike , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2014

Review: [136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: MicroRNAs as Novel Biological Targets for Detection and Regulation
Authors: Li Jinbo , Tan Subee , Kooger Romain , Zhang Chenyu , Zhang Yan
Published: April 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Energy‐Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition for More Process and Precursor Versatility
Authors: Potts S. E. , Kessels W. M. M.
Published: April 2014

Review: 201 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stochastic Chemical Kinetics
Authors: Lecca Paola
Published: April 2014

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Nitrosalicylic Acid as a Novel Matrix for In‐source Decay in Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Asakawa Daiki
Published: April 2014

Review: 55 refs.
PDMS coated asymmetric PES membrane for natural gas sweetening: Effect of preparation and operating parameters on performance
Authors: Saedi Shahab , Madaeni Sayed S. , Shamsabadi Ahmad Arabi
Published: April 2014

The present study is an attempt to investigate the effects of preparation and operation parameters on ideal and real selectivity of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) membranes for natural gas sweetening. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the effect of PES concentration and solvent type on membrane morphology. The effects of operating parameters on the performance of membranes were investigated by using binary CO2/CH4, H2S/CH4 and ternary H2S/CO2/CH4 gas mixtures. Higher concentrations of PES and a higher sequential coating number increase CO2/CH4 selectivity and decrease CO2 permeance. As a notable and interesting result, the membrane exhibits rubbery PDMS behaviour for H2S containing feeds and displays a glassy PES membrane for CO2/CH4 mixed gas. An increase in the feed pressure decreases CO2 and CH4 permeance and increases CO2/CH4 selectivity for CO2/CH4 feed. For H2S/CH4 and H2S/CO2/CH4 mixed gas, enhancing the feed pressure results in higher CH4 and lower CO2 and H2S permeance and a declined CO2/CH4 and H2S/CH4 selectivity. Increasing temperature in binary CO2/CH4 enhances CO2 and CH4 permeance and decreases CO2/CH4 selectivity. Increasing the temperature increases CH4 permeance and decreases H2S permeance for binary H2S/CH4 mixture. For ternary mixture, increasing the temperature leads to a higher permeance for CO2 and H2S and a lower CH4 permeance. For binary CO2/CH4, a higher CO2 concentration increases the membrane gas permeance and decreases CO2/CH4 selectivity. Increasing the H2S concentration in the feed results in a reduction in gas pressure normalised flux of gases in ternary gas feed because of an increase in Flory–Huggins interaction parameter.
A quantitative analysis of turbulent drag reduction in a hydrocyclone
Authors: MacKenzie Jordan , Martinez D. Mark , Olson James A.
Published: April 2014

Turbulent drag reduction has been observed to occur over a wide range of additive systems, such as solution of synthetic or natural polymers, and fibre suspensions. In this study, the influence of softwood kraft pulp fibres and synthetic polymer additives on turbulent drag reduction (DR) in a hydrocyclone is investigated. It was demonstrated that cellulose fibre suspensions and aqueous polymeric solutions reduce the fluid energy losses in comparison to water during hydrocyclone operation within the range of reject ratios studied. A maximum drag reduction of 58 % and 55 % was found to occur at a volume split fraction of 50 % for a 0.9 % fibre suspension and a 300 ppm anionic polyacrylamide solution, respectively. Polymer degradation or polymer chain decay displayed adverse effects for 100 ppm and 150 ppm solutions after 22 min of run time at 11.2 kW pumping power and a reject ratio of 25 %. Synergistic effects were observed with pulp suspensions containing both cationic and anionic polyacrylamide (CPAM and APAM, respectively); a maximum DR of 41 % was observed for a 0.7 % fibre suspension containing 100–300 ppm of polymer at a reject ratio of 50 %. Similarly to aqueous polymer solutions, the degradation of 300 ppm APAM or CPAM in a 0.7 % fibre suspension decreased the observed DR up to 38 % after 30 min of run time at 11.2 kW pumping power and a reject ratio of 25 %. The near 43 % reduction in CPAM concentration, due to surface adsorption, when present in a 0.7 % fibre suspension assisted in quantifying the DR variations observed between suspensions containing APAM or CPAM.
Surface Sediment Contamination by Uranium Mining/Milling Activities in South China
Authors: Liu Juan , Wang Jin , Li Hongchun , Shen Chuan‐Chou , Chen Yongheng , Wang Chunlin , Ye Hangzhou , Long Jianyou , Song Gang , Wu Yingjuan
Published: April 2014

The distribution and the contamination level of uranium (U) and thorium (Th) radionuclides and potentially toxic metals, Cu, Li, Mn, Sr, and Zn were investigated in surface sediments from aquifer systems around a uranium industrial site in the northern Guangdong Province, China. Total contents of these elements and other major elements, including Fe, Al, Mg, Na, Ca, and K, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results show that the contents of U, Th, Cu, and Mn are elevated in the sediments from a recipient stream that drains the industrial site and the reservoir downstream. Metal contents varied significantly among the sampling locations, and generally displayed a decreasing trend as the distance from the U industrial site increased. However, the highest level of U, Th, Cu, and Mn is observed in the terminal of the recipient stream, where is the inlet of a reservoir. Assessment of elemental enrichment in the sediments using enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index indicates that among the analyzed metals, U, Th, and Cu are the major contaminants, while contaminations of Li, Mn, Sr, and Zn which displayed depletion to minimal enrichment are not significant.
USPIO‐loaded red blood cells as a biomimetic MR contrast agent: a relaxometric study
Authors: Boni Adriano , Ceratti Davide , Antonelli Antonella , Sfara Carla , Magnani Mauro , Manuali Elisabetta , Salamida Sonia , Gozzi Alessandro , Bifone Angelo
Published: April 2014

Red blood cells (RBCs) loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles have been proposed as biomimetic constructs with long half‐life (ca. 20 days) in the blood compartment and potentially interesting properties (such as relaxivity) as intravascular contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. However, the encapsulation of nanoparticles into RBCs might affect their magnetic properties and relaxivity, which may be significantly different from the native suspension. Here, we present a relaxometric study of P904, a novel ultra small iron oxide nanoparticle developed by Guerbet, enclosed in human RBCs. We measured longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) relaxivity over a wide range of Larmor frequencies (0.01–300 MHz) in samples of P904‐loaded RBCs, and in control samples with P904 nanoparticles dispersed in blood. Internalization of P904 into RBCs resulted in smaller r1, and in a very high r2/r1 ratio (232) at the highest field. Moreover, a shift of the Curie peak to high fields was observed in P904‐loaded RBCs, possibly the result of nanoparticle size selection caused by the internalization process. High r2 relaxivity together with a high r2/r1 ratio and a very long blood half‐life make P904‐loaded RBCs a promising blood‐pool negative contrast agent for MR diagnostic applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.