bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social determinants of health in prognostic machine learning models for orthopaedic outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Lans Amanda , Kanbier Laura N. , Bernstein David N. , Groot Olivier Q. , Ogink Paul T. , Tobert Daniel G. , Verlaan Jorrit‐Jan , Schwab Joseph H.
Published: September 2022

Rational

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are being considered more frequently when providing orthopaedic care due to their impact on treatment outcomes. Simultaneously, prognostic machine learning (ML) models that facilitate clinical decision making have become popular tools in the field of orthopaedic surgery. When ML‐driven tools are developed, it is important that the perpetuation of potential disparities is minimized. One approach is to consider SDOH during model development. To date, it remains unclear whether and how existing prognostic ML models for orthopaedic outcomes consider SDOH variables.

Objective

To investigate whether prognostic ML models for orthopaedic surgery outcomes account for SDOH, and to what extent SDOH variables are included in the final models.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane for studies published up to 17 November 2020. Two reviewers independently extracted SDOH features using the PROGRESS+ framework (place of residence, race/ethnicity, Occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, social capital, socioeconomic status, ‘Plus+’ age, disability, and sexual orientation).

Results

The search yielded 7138 studies, of which 59 met the inclusion criteria. Across all studies, 96% (57/59) considered at least one PROGRESS+ factor during development. The most common factors were age (95%; 56/59) and gender/sex (96%; 57/59). Differential effect analyses, such as subgroup analysis, covariate adjustment, and baseline comparison, were rarely reported (10%; 6/59). The majority of models included age (92%; 54/59) and gender/sex (69%; 41/59) as final input variables. However, factors such as insurance status (7%; 4/59), marital status (7%; 4/59) and income (3%; 2/59) were seldom included.

Conclusion

The current level of reporting and consideration of SDOH during the development of prognostic ML models for orthopaedic outcomes is limited. Healthcare providers should be critical of the models they consider using and knowledgeable regarding the quality of model development, such as adherence to recognized methodological standards. Future efforts should aim to avoid bias and disparities when developing ML‐driven applications for orthopaedics.
Evidence for three morphotypes among anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) sampled in the marine environment
Authors: Burke Teah Grace , Pettitt‐Wade Harri , Hollins Jack P.W. , Gallagher Colin , Lea Ellen , Loseto Lisa , Hussey Nigel E.
Published: September 2022

Variable resource use and responses to environmental conditions can lead to phenotypic diversity and distinct morphotypes within salmonids, including Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Despite the cultural and economic importance of Arctic char in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), limited data exist on the extent and presence of morphological diversity in this region. This is of concern for management given climate change impacts on regional fish populations. The authors investigated morphological diversity in anadromous Arctic char sampled during their summer marine migration‐residency period when seasonal harvesting occurs in a coastal mixed‐stock fishery. Geometric morphometric analysis was conducted using digital photographs of live Arctic char (n = 103) of which a sub‐set was subsequently implanted with acoustic transmitters (n = 90) and released, and their overwintering lakes determined using active acoustic telemetry surveys. Twenty‐three morphological landmarks were established and overlaid on digital images, and nine linear measurements of the body and head were recorded. Principle component analysis and K‐means clustering based on linear measurements categorised fish into three morphotypes: slender body and slim head (n = 31), small and short head with a small mouth (n = 46) and elongated head shape with large mouth (n = 26). Tagged individuals of the three morphotypes occupied all lakes with no distinction observed. The three Arctic char morphotypes detected in this coastal mixed‐stock fishery could represent adaptation to specific feeding–movement behaviours potentially tied to juvenile residency in freshwater systems, efficient exploitation of the marine prey pulse, or are relicts from ancestral types. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to identify distinct Arctic char morphotypes occurring in sympatry in the marine environment. Identifying phenotypic diversity will assist management to promote the sustainability of this regional fishery.
Narrower isotopic niche size in fish infected by the intestinal parasitePomphorhynchussp. compared to uninfected ones
Authors: Molbert Noëlie , Goutte Aurélie
Published: September 2022

Examples of parasite‐related effects on intermediate crustacean hosts are numerous but their ecological consequences on their vertebrate hosts are scarce. Here, we address the role of macroparasite infections on the trophic niche structure of definitive hosts and its potential physiological consequences using wild fish populations infected with an acantochephalan parasitePomphorhynchussp., a trophically transmitted intestinal worm. Infected and uninfected fish were sampled from six populations on the Marne River, France and the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the host populations ranged from 50% to 90%. Although the isotopic ratios (δ13C andδ15N) did not differ between infected and uninfected fish, we found a consistent pattern of isotopic niche size being considerably smaller in infected hosts when compared with noninfected ones. This was not explained by interindividual differences in intrinsic factors such as length/age or body condition between infected and uninfected fish. These results suggest a potential niche specialization of infected fish, which did not impair their energetic status.
Evaluation of evacuation difficulty of urban resident during storm water‐logging based on walking experiment
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Shuo , Bao Jianhua , Zhao Hongyang
Published: September 2022

Frequent water‐logging disasters in cities are serious threats to urban residents. When a water‐logging disaster occurs, it is essential for residents to evacuate, taking refuge to reduce losses and to ensure safety. This project studied evacuation difficulty for residents in the Daoli District of Harbin during storm water‐logging. Starting from external factors and internal factors influencing resident evacuation, the study screened indicators for assessing the difficulty of evacuation during urban rainstorm water‐logging, constructed an evaluation index system and evaluation models to assess the difficulty of evacuation of residents. Results showed that residents in the vicinity of the three streets, Xinyang Road and Minqing Street, Zhaolin Street and Anfeng Street in the study area have difficulty in evacuation in the case of a 5‐year torrential rain disaster. Other areas had little impact. In a 100‐year torrential rain situation, it is more difficult for residents in Stone Road Bridge, the intersection of Market Street and Toulong Street, the intersection of Touloing Street and Zhaolin Street, the intersection of Anfa Street and JingweiErdao Street, and Anguo Street, while other areas were not seriously affected. The research results can provide new ideas for the study of evacuation of residents during urban water‐logging, and can also provide decision‐making basis for disaster prevention and mitigation for urban emergency departments.
The contribution of autonomic mechanisms to pain in temporomandibular disorders: A narrative review
Authors: Cairns Brian E.
Published: September 2022

Background

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are diagnosed based on symptom presentation and, like other functional pain disorders, often lack definitive pathology. There is a strong association between elevated stress levels and the severity of TMD‐related pain, which suggests that alterations in autonomic tone may contribute to this pain condition.

Objectives

This narrative review examines the association between altered autonomic function and pain in TMD.

Methods

Relevant articles were identified by searching PubMed and through the reference list of those studies.

Results

TMD sufferers report an increased incidence of orthostatic hypotension. As in other chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions, TMD is associated with increased sympathetic tone, diminished baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and decreased parasympathetic tone. It remains to be determined whether ongoing pain drives these autonomic changes and/or is exacerbated by them. To examine whether increased sympathetic tone contributes to TMD‐related pain through β2 adrenergic receptor activation, clinical trials with the beta blocker propranolol have been undertaken. Although evidence from small studies suggested propranolol reduced TMD‐related pain, a larger clinical trial did not find a significant effect of propranolol treatment. This is consistent with human experimental pain studies that were unable to demonstrate an effect of β2 adrenergic receptor activation or inhibition on masticatory muscle pain. In preclinical models of temporomandibular joint arthritis, β2 adrenergic receptor activation appears to contribute to inflammation and nociception, whereas in masticatory muscle, α1 adrenergic receptor activation has been found to induce mechanical sensitisation. Some agents used to treat TMD, such as botulinum neurotoxin A, antidepressants and α2 adrenergic receptor agonists, may interact with the autonomic nervous system as part of their analgesic mechanism.

Conclusion

Even if dysautonomia turns out to be a consequence rather than a causative factor of painful TMD, the study of its role has opened up a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition.
Prosecuting from the bench? Examining sources ofpro‐prosecutionbias in judges
Authors: Berryessa Colleen M. , Dror Itiel E. , McCormack Chief Justice Bridget
Published: September 2022

Although judges may be well intended when taking an oath to be impartial when they reach the bench, psychological and legal literature suggests that their legal approaches, behaviour, and decision‐making processes are subconsciously impacted by biases stemming from and influenced by their attitudes, ideology, backgrounds, and previous experiences. Drawing from prior models of sources of bias in legal contexts and existing literature on judges, this paper discusses and models potential sources of pro‐prosecution bias in judges with prosecutorial backgrounds. These include (1) professional and self‐selection into the judiciary; (2) prosecutorial socialization and attitudes that can shape a prosecutorial mindset; and (3) the effects of common unconscious biases,confirmation biasandrole induced bias,that may shape judicial behaviour through formed beliefs and approaches stemming from the prosecutorial mindset and selection into the judiciary. As the vast majority of judges are former prosecutors in the U.S. as well as in many other countries, this paper considers possible ways to deal with pro‐prosecution bias and the potential importance of diversifying judges' professional backgrounds.
Patterns of gestational weight gain among women with obesity and its correlation with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Chinese women
Authors: Song Wei , Zhang Zhi , Zheng Wei , Gao Lei , Liang Shengnan , Cheng Dongmei , Wang Xiaoxin , Guo Cuimei , Li Guanghui
Published: September 2022

Gestational weight management in obese women is critical in clinical work. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with improper gestational weight gain (GWG). However, the pattern of GWG (PGWG) and its correlation with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in obesity are still unclear in China. This retrospective cohort study evaluates clinical data from 799 women through multivariate analyses and trajectory analyses. All the participants are stratified per first trimester weight gain category into three groups (Inadequate‐1st, <0.5 kg; Adequate‐1st, 0.5–2.0 kg; Excessive‐1st, >2.0 kg) and PGWG refers to the weekly weight gain during each gestational period. GWG is positively associated with first trimester weight gain. 78.4% of the Excessive‐1st participants have excessive total GWG, in contrast to Inadequate‐1st (32.7%) and Adequate‐1st (48.2%). After 20 weeks, the weekly weight gain rapidly accelerates, and 77.3% have a weekly weight gain exceeding the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Trajectory analysis of weekly weight gain based on HDP shows two separate weight gain curves after 20 weeks in women with and without a high risk of HDP. Especially in Excessive‐1st participants, weekly weight gain after 20 weeks over 0.32 kg/w is positively related to the risk of HDP (<0.32 kg/w vs. 0.32–0.61 kg/w, adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 2.999, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054–8.537; <0.32 kg/w vs. >0.61 kg/w, aOR: 5.362, 95% CI: 1.719–16.729). In summary, the first trimester is critical for gestational weight management in obesity. Excessive weight gain during the first trimester and after 20 weeks predicts a high risk of HDP, which should be noted in clinical practice.
Increased bundle‐sheath leakiness of CO2 during photosynthetic induction shows a lack of coordination between the C4 and C3 cycles
Authors: Wang Yu , Stutz Samantha S. , Bernacchi Carl J. , Boyd Ryan A. , Ort Donald R. , Long Stephen P.
Published: September 2022

Use of a complete dynamic model of NADP‐malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis indicated that, during transitions from dark or shade to high light, induction of the C4 pathway was more rapid than that of C3, resulting in a predicted transient increase in bundle‐sheath CO2 leakiness (ϕ).

Previously, ϕ has been measured at steady state; here we developed a new method, coupling a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscope with a gas‐exchange system to track ϕ in sorghum and maize through the nonsteady‐state condition of photosynthetic induction.

In both species, ϕ showed a transient increase to > 0.35 before declining to a steady state of 0.2 by 1500 s after illumination. Average ϕ was 60% higher than at steady state over the first 600 s of induction and 30% higher over the first 1500 s.

The transient increase in ϕ, which was consistent with model prediction, indicated that capacity to assimilate CO2 into the C3 cycle in the bundle sheath failed to keep pace with the rate of dicarboxylate delivery by the C4 cycle. Because nonsteady‐state light conditions are the norm in field canopies, the results suggest that ϕ in these major crops in the field is significantly higher and energy conversion efficiency lower than previous measured values under steady‐state conditions.
Validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory compared with traditional measures of disease severity in fibromyalgia
Authors: Salaffi Fausto , Farah Sonia , Mariani Claudia , Sarzi‐Puttini Piercarlo , Di Carlo Marco
Published: September 2022

Objective

The goal of this study was to explore additional evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) in a large sample of subjects with fibromyalgia (FM).

Methods

Patients were consecutively enrolled for a cross‐sectional assessment comprehensive of three FM‐specific measures (the revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQR], the modified Fibromyalgia Assessment Status [modFAS], and the Polysymptomatic Distress Scale [PDS]) and of CSI. To test the convergent validity, the Spearman's rho was used to measure the degree of correlation between the variables CSI and the FM‐specific measures. To assess discriminant validity, CSI scores were grouped according to FIQR disease severity states, and differences between these groups studied with the Kruskal–Wallis test. Interpretative cutoffs were established with the interquartile reconciliation approach.

Results

The study included 562 FM patients, 199 (35.4%) were classified as having central sensitization syndrome (CSI ≥40). CSI was largely correlated with modFAS (ρ = 0.580; p < 0.0001), FIQR (ρ = 0.542; p < 0.0001), and PDS (ρ = 0.518; p < 0.0001). The differences between the CSI scores in accordance with the FIQR were significant (p < 0.000001). CSI cutoffs proposed for FM: 21 between remission and mild severity, 30 between mild and moderate severity, 37 between moderate and severe disease, and 51 between severe and very severe disease.

Conclusion

The current study successfully showed additional evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the CSI in FM patients.
The leaf economics spectrum of triploid and tetraploid C4 grass Miscanthus x giganteus
Authors: Li Shuai , Moller Christopher A. , Mitchell Noah G. , Martin Duncan G. , Sacks Erik J. , Saikia Sampurna , Labonte Nicholas R. , Baldwin Brian S. , Morrison Jesse I. , Ferguson John N. , Leakey Andrew D. B. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2022

The leaf economics spectrum (LES) describes multivariate correlations in leaf structural, physiological and chemical traits, originally based on diverse C3 species grown under natural ecosystems. However, the specific contribution of C4 species to the global LES is studied less widely. C4 species have a CO2 concentrating mechanism which drives high rates of photosynthesis and improves resource use efficiency, thus potentially pushing them towards the edge of the LES. Here, we measured foliage morphology, structure, photosynthesis, and nutrient content for hundreds of genotypes of the C4 grass Miscanthus× giganteus grown in two common gardens over two seasons. We show substantial trait variations across M.× giganteus genotypes and robust genotypic trait relationships. Compared to the global LES, M.× giganteus genotypes had higher photosynthetic rates, lower stomatal conductance, and less nitrogen content, indicating greater water and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in the C4 species. Additionally, tetraploid genotypes produced thicker leaves with greater leaf mass per area and lower leaf density than triploid genotypes. By expanding the LES relationships across C3 species to include C4 crops, these findings highlight that M.× giganteus occupies the boundary of the global LES and suggest the potential for ploidy to alter LES traits.
Rehabilitation and mine closure policies creating a pathway to relinquishment: an Australian perspective
Authors: Tiemann Chris , MacDonald Vanessa , Young Renee , Dixon Kingsley
Published: September 2022

Mine closure practices have continued to improve over the last few decades; however, across the industry rehabilitation outcomes continue to fall short of community expectations. While examples of successful rehabilitation exist, there are still limited examples of mines closing, relinquishing, and transitioning to another land use. Barriers to relinquishment such as residual risk, land transfer liability, and limited next land use options are compounded by the lack of legislated mine relinquishment policy. Broader mine closure policy has evolved significantly over the last few decades in Australia, with recent changes in some states enhancing mandates requiring progressive rehabilitation and financial assurance mechanisms in an effort to continue to improve mine closure outcomes. Government authorities with legislative powers to report and influence rehabilitation activities in Queensland and Victoria are also considered a positive mine closure policy direction. Despite these recent legislative developments there is still no multi‐agency regulatory policy framework integrating mine closure and relinquishment in any Australian jurisdiction. This article explores how recent mine closure policy changes in Australia could be used by policy makers to enable relinquishment in the future and provides recommendations for an integrated multi‐agency relinquishment policy framework.
Mobilizing the Past in Revolutionary Times: Memory, Counter‐Memory, and Nostalgia During the Lebanese Uprising
Authors: della Porta Donatella , Tufaro Rossana
Published: September 2022

Social movement studies have addressed the issue of nostalgia within two perspectives, focusing, respectively, on emotions and on memory. Our contribution looks at nostalgia in social movements by building upon the combination of these two streams in social movement studies. Going beyond a stereotypical vision of reactionary movements as backward looking and progressive ones as forward looking, we will suggest that while both types of movements look at some aspects of the past with nostalgia, they do it in a very different combination of emotions and memory. To compare how different movements perform their emotional and memory work, we focused on the recent uprising in Lebanon as a critical case in which mobilizations and counter‐mobilizations have been carried out by different actors at the same time. In both cases, nostalgia was strategically developed for different moments of Lebanon's history through the movements' choices of the very spaces for the performance of contentious acts, but also the symbolic meaning attributed to them and the emotional work performed around the protest events. By developing a “tick description” of some main contentious moments where nostalgia emerged in the Lebanon uprisings, we aim to understand the ways in which nostalgia intervenes in the social construction of memories and counter‐memories, in an emotionally dense environment.
The promises and pitfalls of functional magnetic resonance imaging hyperscanning for social interaction research
Authors: Tsoi Lily , Burns Shannon M. , Falk Emily B. , Tamir Diana I.
Published: September 2022

Social neuroscience combines tools and perspectives from social psychology and neuroscience to understand how people interact with their social world. Here we discuss a relatively new method—hyperscanning—to study real‐time, interactive social interactions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We highlight three contributions that fMRI hyperscanning makes to the study of the social mind: (1) Naturalism: it shifts the focus from tightly‐controlled stimuli to more naturalistic social interactions; (2) Multi‐person Dynamics: it shifts the focus from individuals as the unit of analysis to dyads and groups; and (3) Neural Resolution: fMRI hyperscanning captures high‐resolution neural patterns and dynamics across the whole brain, unlike other neuroimaging hyperscanning methods (e.g., electroencephalogram, functional near‐infrared spectroscopy). Finally, we describe the practical considerations and challenges that fMRI hyperscanning researchers must navigate. We hope researchers will harness this powerful new paradigm to address pressing questions in today's society.
Natural disasters, climate change, and structural transformation: A new perspective from international trade
Authors: Wu Ruohan
Published: September 2022

Natural disasters are well known to profoundly affect global economies, and they have received more and more discussions lately. However, it remains inconclusive how natural disasters would affect an economy in the long run. In this study, we empirically investigate the economic impacts of natural disasters under different time horizons. We use a difference‐in‐difference estimator and innovatively calculate a structural transformation index from the perspective of trade flows of a country's low‐ and high‐skill industries. We find that natural disasters, especially climate‐related disasters, will significantly cause a structural downgrade in the short run but are likely to be followed up by an upgrade in the long run when structural growth also features a diminishing rate of return. The impacts of natural disasters are also subject to the aggregate development level and trade openness of a country. For example, countries that are more developed, with higher income, or more engaged in international trade suffer less from natural disasters. As a result, their structural transformations are less affected by natural disasters than in developing, low‐income, or domestic‐oriented countries.
Diagnosis and successful management of an extradural compressive hematoma secondary to diphacinone poisoning in a dog
Authors: Solari Francesca P. , Sherman Alec H. , Blong April E. , Cameron Starr , Walton Rebecca A.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To describe the successful case management of an extradural hematoma secondary to anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity causing spinal compression and paraplegia.

Case Summary

A 3‐month‐old, female intact, mixed breed dog was presented for a 12‐hour history of paraplegia. CBC and biochemistry results were unremarkable, and a coagulation panel revealed prolonged prothrombin time with normal activated partial thromboplastin time. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural compressive lesion within the vertebral canal extending from T6 to T11, most consistent with an extradural hematoma. Further coagulation testing revealed a coagulopathy caused by vitamin K1 deficiency and confirmed exposure to the anticoagulant rodenticide, diphacinone. The dog was medically managed with fresh frozen plasma, aminocaproic acid, and oral vitamin K1 therapy. A right‐sided T6 to T11 hemilaminectomy was later performed for removal of the extradural hematoma and spinal decompression. The dog's neurological status gradually improved postoperatively and, at the time of discharge, was nonambulatory paraparetic with voluntary micturition. Four weeks postoperatively, the dog had normal prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times and was nonambulatory paraparetic with strong motor function.

New or Unique Information Provided

This is the first reported case of a dog with an extradural hematoma secondary to anticoagulant rodenticide causing spinal cord compression and neurological deficits. Surgical management of this case was successful and resulted in improvement of neurological signs. Extradural hematoma should be considered as a potential location of bleeding in rodenticide toxicity as well as a differential diagnosis in patients with neurological deficits.
More Creativity and Less Restriction: About the Relationship between Translation and Copyright
Authors: Cai Zhengyan
Published: September 2022

This article discusses the importance of adjusting the attitude toward the copyright of translation, taking the articles in United States Copyright Law and the Berne Convention as the reference. By looking into various incidents and examples in translation across different languages and areas, and among licensed and voluntary translator communities, the article discusses the significant amount of creative labor and intellectual work in the translation and why less restriction from the original work’s copyright can lead to quality improvement in translation. The article concludes that creativity takes an influential role throughout the translation process, and an environment with fewer restrictions from the copyright holder of the original work can boost the average quality of the translations. Hence, society can fully benefit from U.S. copyright law’s core purpose of promoting “the Progress of Science and useful Arts.”
La razón compleja como base del pensamiento complejo
Authors: González Palacios Ricardo
Published: September 2022

El presente escrito tiene como propósito señalar algunas características de un nuevo tipo de razón que se basa en el pensamiento complejo y en sus principios: dialógico, hologramático y transdisciplinar, y su estrecha relación con el componente humano, el cual involucra la relación entre lo emocional y lo racional. Para lograrlo, el artículo está dividido en tres partes. La primera parte señala algunas limitaciones que ha tenido el paradigma científico moderno clásico, especialmente desde la desviación del concepto de la razón gestado en la Ilustración; la segunda parte señala cómo, a su vez, la tendencia posmodernista no solo critica los alcances del proyecto moderno, sino que lanza una negación de los discursos basados en la ciencia y en la razón (ilustrada) e invita a las posturas relativistas extremas, y, en la tercera parte, se nombran algunas características que debe tener un nuevo tipo de razón basada en el pensamiento de Morin.
El concepto de la desesperación y el amor como proyecto ético en Søren Kierkegaard
Authors: Hoyos Cardona Diego Orlando
Published: September 2022

En La enfermedad mortal Anti-Climacus describe enfáticamente la desesperación como la consecuencia de la negación de la posibilidad producida por el deseo humano cuando este insiste en ser sí mismo u otro sin Dios. Esta negación genera una relación no efectiva del individuo consigo mismo y con los otros, dando lugar a la condición del pecado, entendido en su connotación religiosa. Lo anterior conduce al problema de cómo llegar a ser un verdadero cristiano en el marco de una crítica, realizada frecuentemente por el pensador danés, del egoísmo moderno. En el siguiente artículo realizaré un análisis hermenéutico de la desesperación considerando el contexto de la objetividad moderna, en contraposición al concepto del amor planteado por Kierkegaard como un proyecto ético-existencial en Las obras del amor.
An automated framework for long-range acoustic positioning of autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Graupe Cristian , Van Uffelen Lora J. , Worcester Peter F. , Dzieciuch Matthew A. , Howe Bruce M.
Published: September 2022

An automated method was developed to align underwater acoustic receptions at various depths and ranges to a single reference prediction of long range acoustic arrival structure as it evolves with range in order to determine source-receiver range. Acoustic receptions collected by four autonomous underwater vehicles deployed in the Philippine Sea as part of an ocean acoustic propagation experiment were used to demonstrate the method. The arrivals were measured in the upper 1000 m of the ocean at ranges up to 700 km from five moored, low frequency broadband acoustic tomography sources. Acoustic arrival time structure for pulse compressed signals at long ranges is relatively stable, yet real ocean variability presents challenges in acoustic arrival matching. The automated method takes advantage of simple projections of the measured structure onto the model space that represents all possible pairings of measured peaks to predicted eigenrays and minimizes the average travel-time offset across selected pairings. Compared to ranging results obtained by manual acoustic arrival matching, 93% of the automatically-obtained range estimates were within 75 m of the manually-obtained range estimates. Least squares residuals from positioning estimates using the automatically-obtained ranges with a fault detection scheme were 55 m root-mean-square.
On the use of the TIMIT, QuickSIN, NU-6, and other widely used bandlimited speech materials for speech perception experiments
Authors: Monson Brian B. , Buss Emily
Published: September 2022

The use of spectrally degraded speech signals deprives listeners of acoustic information that is useful for speech perception. Several popular speech corpora, recorded decades ago, have spectral degradations, including limited extended high-frequency (EHF) (>8 kHz) content. Although frequency content above 8 kHz is often assumed to play little or no role in speech perception, recent research suggests that EHF content in speech can have a significant beneficial impact on speech perception under a wide range of natural listening conditions. This paper provides an analysis of the spectral content of popular speech corpora used for speech perception research to highlight the potential shortcomings of using bandlimited speech materials. Two corpora analyzed here, the TIMIT and NU-6, have substantial low-frequency spectral degradation (<500 Hz) in addition to EHF degradation. We provide an overview of the phenomena potentially missed by using bandlimited speech signals, and the factors to consider when selecting stimuli that are sensitive to these effects.
An investigation of interference between electromagnetic articulography and electroglottography
Authors: Masapollo Matthew , Wayland Ratree , Goel Jessica , Sengupta Rahul , Shamsi Allen , Hegland Karen W.
Published: September 2022

The present study tested whether there is cross-interference between electromagnetic articulography (EMA) and electroglottography (EGG) during the acquisition of kinematic speech data. In experiments 1A and 1B, EMA sensors were calibrated with and without EGG electrodes present in the EMA field. In experiment 2, EMA was used to record lip, tongue, and jaw movements for one male speaker and one female speaker, with and without simultaneous EGG recording. Collectively, the results provide no evidence of signal artifacts in either direction, suggesting that EMA and EGG technology can be combined to reliably assess laryngeal and supralaryngeal motor coordination in speech.
Simulated Microgravity Accelerates Alloy Corrosion by Aspergillus sp. via the Enhanced Production of Organic Acids
Authors: Jiang Chunmei , Yang Saixue , Guo Dan , Song Pei , Tian Geng , Wang Yu , Tian Yanqiu , Shao Dongyan , Shang Li , Shi Junling
Published: September 2022

The space station and other long-term manned spacecrafts will experience the risk of microbial corrosion, especially mold, which will be harmful to the platform system and astronauts.
Aspergillus
sp. has been widely reported to produce organic acids that corrode and destroy materials, and the ability of these crafts to fly through space can be significantly affected. Research on the mechanism that causes enhanced corrosion ability of fungi in space stations is important to control their growth.
A Glu-Glu-Tyr Sequence in the Cytoplasmic Tail of the M2 Protein Renders Influenza A Virus Susceptible to Restriction of the Hemagglutinin-M2 Association in Primary Human Macrophages
Authors: Bedi Sukhmani , Mudgal Rajat , Haag Amanda , Ono Akira
Published: September 2022

Human MDMs represent a cell type that is nonpermissive to particle formation of influenza A virus (IAV). We previously showed that close proximity association between viral HA and M2 proteins is blocked in MDMs.
Genomic Characterization of the Cluster CZ4 Gordonia terrae Phage Oregano
Authors: Lembree Hannah , Goktug Oyku , Royal Dorian , Russell Alexander , Savage Annika , Sisco Makayla , Waltner Maple , Chun Veronica , Neely Melody N. , Molloy Sally D.
Published: September 2022

Oregano is a novel cluster CZ4 bacteriophage isolated from the soil using the bacterial host
Gordonia terrae
. The Oregano genome is 47,575 bp long and encodes two tyrosine integrases and a toxin/antitoxin system. It shares an immunity repressor with both
Gordonia
and
Mycobacterium
phages that spans 7 clusters.
Expansion of Opportunistic Enteric Fungal Pathogens and Occurrence of Gut Inflammation in Human Liver Echinococcosis
Authors: Wang Yugui , Guo Aijiang , Liu Zhongli , Zou Yang , Zhu Wenjun , Wu Shile , Zhang Shengying , Guo Xiaola , Zhang Shaohua , Pu Lixia , Zhu Xing-Quan , Zhu Guan , Cai Xuepeng , Wang Shuai
Published: September 2022

Helminth infection affects over 1 billion people worldwide. However, its relationship with the gut mycobiome remains unknown.
Supplemental Material: Constraining the crustal composition of the continental U.S. using seismic observables
Authors: Sui Siyuan , Shen Weisen , al. et
Published: September 2022

Supplemental text, Figures S1–S4, and Tables S1–S3.
Cerebral microvascular injuries in severe COVID-19 infection: progression of white matter hyperintensities post-infection
Authors: Petersson Ida , Hansen Bjorn M , Svenningsson Anders , Lundstrom Annika
Published: September 2022

A range of neuroradiological findings has been reported in patients with COVID-19, some mimicking cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). We present a case of a man in his 50s with severe COVID-19, who was Glasgow Coma Scale 3 and tetraparetic after sedation was ceased in the intensive care unit. Return of consciousness and motor activity was slow. An MRI 1 month after debut of symptoms demonstrated white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T2-FLAIR) and many small areas with impaired diffusion in primarily supratentorial and infratentorial white matter on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI). In the following months, the patient made a remarkable clinical recovery. Despite clinical improvement, an MRI after 7 months showed that white matter hyperintensities had progressed and become confluent. Both MRIs demonstrated findings resembling CSVD, which could relate to a COVID-19-specific process affecting cerebral microvasculature.
Comprehensive validation of fasting-based and oral glucose tolerance test–based indices of insulin secretion against gold standard measures
Authors: Prystupa Katsiaryna , Renklint Rebecka , Chninou Youssef , Otten Julia , Fritsche Louise , Hoerber Sebastian , Peter Andreas , Birkenfeld Andreas L , Fritsche Andreas , Heni Martin , Wagner Robert
Published: September 2022

Introduction

With pre-diabetes and diabetes increasingly recognized as heterogeneous conditions, assessment of beta-cell function is gaining clinical importance to identify disease subphenotypes. Our study aims to comprehensively validate all types of surrogate indices based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and fasting measurements in comparison with gold standard methods.

Research design and methods

The hyperglycemic clamp extended with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) infusion and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), as well as OGTT, was performed in two well-phenotyped cohorts. The gold standard–derived indices were compared with surrogate insulin secretion markers, derived from fasting state and OGTT, using both Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. The insulin-based and C-peptide-based indices were analyzed separately in different groups of glucose tolerance and the entire cohorts.

Results

The highest correlation coefficients were found for area under curve (AUC) (I0-30)/AUC (G0-30), I30/G30, first-phase Stumvoll and Kadowaki model. These indices have high correlation coefficients with measures obtained from both insulin and C-peptide levels from IVGTT and hyperglycemic clamp. AUC (I0-120)/AUC (G0-120), BIGTT-AIR0-60-120, I30/G30, first-phase Stumvoll and AUC (I0-30)/AUC (G0-30) demonstrated the strongest association with incretin-stimulated insulin response.

Conclusions

We have identified glucose-stimulated and GLP-1-stimulated insulin secretion indices, derived from OGTT and fasting state, that have the strongest correlation with gold standard measures and could be potentially used in future researches and clinical practice.
Incidence rate, risk factors and behaviour changes for alcohol drinking: findings from a community-based cohort study in Southwest China
Authors: Zhu Bingbing , Zhou Jie , Chen Yun , Xu Kelin , Wu Yanli , Wang Yiying , Wang Na , Liu Tao , Fu Chaowei
Published: September 2022

Objective

To describe changes in alcohol drinking behaviour, estimate the incidence rate of alcohol drinking and explore its risk factors in the Chinese community population.

Design

A community population prospective cohort study.

Setting

A total of 48 townships of 12 counties or districts in Guizhou province, China.

Participants

With the multistage proportional stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 7343 adult residents were enrolled into this study and eligible to be analysed.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The incidence rate and its risk factor (adjusted HR (aHR) and 95% CIs) as well as the prevalence of alcohol drinking.

Results

There was a little increase trend in the overall prevalence of alcohol drinking among 7343 subjects over an average of 7.22-year follow-up, and the prevalence in women increased by 2.5% statistically (p=0.001). Among 5005 non-drinkers in 7343 subjects at baseline, 1107 incident drinkers were identified, and the incidence rate of alcohol drinking was estimated at 30.63/1000 person-years with significant sex difference (57.46 vs 17.99 per 1000 person-years for men and women, respectively, p<0.001). The incidence rate decreased gradually with age, peaking in men aged 18–29 years old and women aged 30–39 years old at baseline. After the adjustment for covariates, being male (aHR=3.46, 95% CI: 3.02 to 3.96), being non-Han Chinese (aHR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.44 to 1.88), living in urban areas (aHR=3.50, 95% CI: 3.01 to 4.08), being employed (aHR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.52), smoking (aHR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.38) and having no history of chronic diseases (aHR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.35) were independent risk factors for incident drinkers.

Conclusion

The number of women increased in the prevalence of alcohol drinking significantly although there was no significant overall change for the cohort population in Southwest China. Also, there was a high risk of developing alcohol drinking among the study population, especially for those non-drinkers who were younger men, non-Han Chinese, living in urban areas, employed, current smokers or without any chronic diseases. Interventions to prevent and manage alcohol consumption should be designed and implemented in Chinese communities as soon as possible.
Curating a knowledge base for individuals with coinfection of HIV and SARS-CoV-2: a study protocol of EHR-based data mining and clinical implementation
Authors: Liang Chen , Weissman Sharon , Olatosi Bankole , Poon Eric G , Yarrington Michael E , Li Xiaoming
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Despite a higher risk of severe COVID-19 disease in individuals with HIV, the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infections remain unclear. To delineate these interactions, multicentre Electronic Health Records (EHR) hold existing promise to provide full-spectrum and longitudinal clinical data, demographics and sociobehavioural data at individual level. Presently, a comprehensive EHR-based cohort for the HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection has not been established; EHR integration and data mining methods tailored for studying the coinfection are urgently needed yet remain underdeveloped.

Methods and analysis

The overarching goal of this exploratory/developmental study is to establish an EHR-based cohort for individuals with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection and perform large-scale EHR-based data mining to examine the interactions between HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections and systematically identify and validate factors contributing to the severe clinical course of the coinfection. We will use a nationwide EHR database in the USA, namely, National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). Ultimately, collected clinical evidence will be implemented and used to pilot test a clinical decision support prototype to assist providers in screening and referral of at-risk patients in real-world clinics.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the institutional review boards at the University of South Carolina (Pro00121828) as non-human subject study. Study findings will be presented at academic conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. This study will disseminate urgently needed clinical evidence for guiding clinical practice for individuals with the coinfection at Prisma Health, a healthcare system in collaboration.
Venlafaxine XR treatment for older patients with major depressive disorder: decision trees for when to change treatment
Authors: Kim Helena Kyunghee , Blumberger Daniel M , Karp Jordan F , Lenze Eric , Reynolds Charles F , Mulsant Benoit H
Published: September 2022

Background

Predictors of antidepressant response in older patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) need to be confirmed before they can guide treatment.

Objective

To create decision trees for early identification of older patients with MDD who are unlikely to respond to 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment, we analysed data from 454 older participants treated with venlafaxine XR (150–300 mg/day) for up to 12 weeks in the Incomplete Response in Late-Life Depression: Getting to Remission study.

Methods

We selected the earliest decision point when we could detect participants who had not yet responded (defined as >50% symptom improvement) but would do so after 12 weeks of treatment. Using receiver operating characteristic models, we created two decision trees to minimise either false identification of future responders (false positives) or false identification of future non-responders (false negatives). These decision trees integrated baseline characteristics and treatment response at the early decision point as predictors.

Finding

We selected week 4 as the optimal early decision point. Both decision trees shared minimal symptom reduction at week 4, longer episode duration and not having responded to an antidepressant previously as predictors of non-response. Test negative predictive values of the leftmost terminal node of the two trees were 77.4% and 76.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

Our decision trees have the potential to guide treatment in older patients with MDD but they require to be validated in other larger samples.

Clinical implications

Once confirmed, our findings may be used to guide changes in antidepressant treatment in older patients with poor early response.
Phase 1 study of C-CAR088, a novel humanized anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Qu Xiaoyan , An Gang , Sui Weiwei , Wang Tingyu , Zhang Xian , Yang Junfang , Zhang Yan , Zhang Lu , Zhu Dan , Huang Jiaqi , Zhu Shigui , Yao Xin , Li Jing , Zheng Chengxiao , Zhu Kevin , Wei Yutian , Lv Xiaoteng , Lan Liping , Yao Yihong , Zhou Daobin , Lu Peihua , Qiu Lugui , Li Jianyong
Published: September 2022

Background

Anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy showed remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). This phase 1 dose-escalation and expansion study developed C-CAR088, a novel second-generation humanized anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy, and assessed the safety and efficacy of three dosages of C-CAR088 in patients with RRMM.

Methods

Patients received lymphodepletion with three doses of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m2) and three doses of fludarabine (30 mg/m2) on days –5, –4, and –3, followed by an infusion of C-CAR088 on day 0. Doses of 1.0×106, 3.0×106, and 6.0×106 CAR T cells/kg (±20%) were tested in the dose-escalation cohorts and expansion cohorts. The primary endpoint was treatment safety, including the rate of treatment-emergent adverse events after cell infusion. Secondary endpoints were the overall response rate and progression-free survival. The exploratory endpoints were the quantification of C-CAR088 CAR T cells, selection of cytokines and chemokines in blood, and measurement of tumor BCMA expression.

Results

As of July 2, 2021, 31 patients had been infused with C-CAR088. Any grade cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 29 patients (93.5%), and grade 3 CRS occurred in 3 patients (9.7%). One patient from the high-dose group (4.5–6.0×106 CAR T cells/kg) developed grade 1 neurotoxicity. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in any dose group, and all adverse events were reversible after proper management. The overall response, stringent complete response, complete response (CR), and very good partial response rates were 96.4%, 46.4%, 10.7%, and 32.1%, respectively. The CR rate in the medium-dose (3.0×106 CAR T cells/kg) and high-dose (4.5–6.0×106 CAR T cells/kg) groups was 54.5% and 71.4%, respectively. In the CR group, 15 (93.7%) patients achieved minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity (test sensitivity >1/10−5). All seven patients with double-hit or triple-hit multiple myeloma achieved MRD-negative CR.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated that C-CAR088 had a good safety profile and high antitumor activity in patients with RRMM, constituting a promising treatment option for RRMM.

Trial registration number

NCT03815383,NCT03751293,NCT04295018, andNCT04322292.