bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postpartum moderate to severe anemia in a low-income country, Burkina Faso
Authors: ZAMANE Hyacinthe , Coulibaly Abou , Ouédraogo Issa , Coulibaly-Diallo Guémilatou , Ouedraogo Ali , Bonané-Thieba Blandine
Published: October 2019

Background In Burkina Faso, Sahelian country with limited resources, the maternal mortality ratio is still high and anemia is one of the major contributing factors. To identify epidemiological aspects of postpartum anemia in order to better guide public policy in its prevention and management.Methods This was a secondary analysis of data from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey in Burkina Faso. The classification of anemia in women according to the World Health Organization was considered. For the research of associated factors, moderate or severe anemia was considered.Results A total of 1616 women were included. Hemoglobin levels were less than 12 g/dl in 839 women (51.9%). It was less than 10 g/dl in 251 cases (15.5%). There has been a significant increase in the risk of postpartum anemia for women in the Sahel region (OR=2.9; IC [1.2-7.4]; p=0.024). The adjusted effect of the woman's status about postpartum amenorrhea also showed an increased risk in women still having no return from menstruation.Conclusion Anemia is common during postpartum. It is of multifactorial origin. Further studies are needed to better adapt its current prevention strategies and investigate the relationship between Sahel region and anemia.
Low back pain caused by Iliopsoas tendinopathy treated with ultrasound-guided local injection of anesthetic and steroid: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Zhaochen , Zhang Jieyuan , Sheng Jiagen , Zhang Changqing , Xie Zongping
Published: October 2019

Background

Low back pain is a prevalent symptom that occur in all age of people, whereas the pathogenesis is unknown. Iliopsoas tendinopathy is an increasingly recognized hip disorder that may contribute to low back pain. Our purpose is to reveal the relationship of iliopsoas tendinopathy with low back pain and to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided local injection of anesthetic and steroid into iliopsoas tendon in treating low back pain.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed 45 patients diagnosed with iliopsoas tendinopathy treated by B-ultrasound guided injection of lidocaine and triamcinolone into the iliopsoas tendon from March 2016 to June 2016. Medical records were collected to analyze the clinical presentation. Visual Analogue scale (VAS) and Harris Hip score (HHS) were administered to determine patient outcomes. Telephone follow-up was conducted, and the mean follow-up was 11 months.

Results

We observed that most patients with iliopsoas tendinopathy also complain chronic low back pain except for groin pain. After injection of anesthetic and corticosteroid into the iliopsoas tendon, the VAS fell from 7.82±1.35 to 2.73±1.24 immediately after the injection, and 0.8±0.75 at follow-up. The HHS improved from 41.09±17.67 to 97.89±2.79 at follow-up. Statistically significant difference (P<0.001) was observed. All patients returned to their original level of function and only seven patients (15%) presented with mild pain at the follow-up.

Conclusions

Low back pain is a prevalent presentation for iliopsoas tendinopathy. Diagnosis of iliopsoas tendinopathy should be considered in patients with low back pain with tenderness over the iliopsoas tendon. Ultrasound-guided local injection of anesthetic and steroid lead to satisfactory effect in relieving low back and groin pain and improving joint function.
Orthopaedic Implant Labeling – how small is too small? Preventing a Never Event
Authors: Kapur Ben , Kumar Gunesakaren
Published: October 2019

Background There are currently no guidelines for the standards of legibility, dimensions and presentation on implant labels. There have been recommendations that text height on implant boxes should be at least 4mm. Orthopaedic implants are packaged individually and checked intraoperatively once the correct size has been identified. During this process there are many factors that could lead to error. Dimensions of laminar flow canopies fixes the distance at which the implant label can be read from. Never events are multifactorial. Small text, poor vision due to liquid on a surgeons visor and the seam of the plastic packaging can obscure vital information and contribute to a never event. Methods We reviewed elective and trauma implants. Using the National Joint Registry 15th Annual Report we identified the most commonly used total hip and knee arthroplasty implants (4 hip and 3 knee). We also reviewed the femoral nail and plate implants of 3 commonly used implant companies. Implant box text size was compared to a theoretical minimum standard of 4mm for text on implant labels derived from Snellen Chart Formula. Results 20 implants were reviewed (hip – 8, knee 6, trauma-6). Across all implants, the average implant size text height was 2.8mm. The average for trauma and elective implants was the same. The average expiry date is 2mm in height. On 65% (13/20) of implant boxes, the plastic wrapping seam obscured vital text. 15% (3/20) of boxes had a text height of 4mm.Conclusion The recommended text height is 4mm. This was observed in only 15% of implants. Never events are usually multifactorial however, occur in part due to poor legibility of implant labels leading to incorrect implants being inserted. To further progress these recommendations, manufacturers can consider and adopt these suggestions to reduce risk and improve patients’ safety when their implants are being used.
Serum osteocalcin may serve as a predictor for the mortality in FOP patients aged ≤18 years at diagnosis
Authors: She Dunmin , Li Ran , Fang Ping , Zong Guannan , Xue Ying , Zhang Keqin
Published: October 2019

Background Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder characterized by extraskeletal heterotopic ossification. It is well recognized that FOP can lead to a devastating condition of disability. However, the mortality rate of FOP patients in China and risk factors for mortality are still largely unclear. Methods We conducted a retrospective research on a cohort of 65 cases of FOP patients in China from 2008 to 2018. We reviewed medical records of these FOP patients to retrieve information such as date of birth/death, gender, clinical features, genotypes and biochemical parameters and analyze the correlation of these parameters with the mortality. Results 92.3% (60/65 cases) patients were classic FOP patients, 3.1% (2/65 cases) were FOP-plus and 4.6% (3/65 cases) were FOP variants. 9 cases of this cohort were dead during the ten-year period, and the overall mortality rate was 13.8%. c.617G>A mutation was confirmed in all non-survivors. In FOP patients≤18 years at diagnosis, non-survivors demonstrated significantly lower blood osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels compared with survivors ( P <0.05), and spearman correlation and logistic regression analysis indicated that serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels were negatively correlated with the mortality. Furthermore, the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed serum osteocalcin had the largest area under the curve of 0.855 among four biochemical parameters, and serum osteocalcin < 65.9 ng/ml displayed a good capacity to discriminate the non-survivors from survivors in FOP patients aged 18 years and younger at diagnosis.Conclusions Our findings showed that the mortality rate of FOP was 13.8% in China. Serum osteocalcin may serve as a clinical predictor for the mortality in FOP patients aged ≤18 years at diagnosis in China. 【 Key words 】Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP); mortality; risk factors; osteocalcin
A novel individualized strategy for cryoballoon catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ding Jun , Xu Jing , Ma Wei , Chen Bingwei , Yang Peigen , Qi Yu , Sun Shan , Cheng Aijuan
Published: October 2019

Background : The optimal dosage for cryoablation of atrial fibrillation (Cryo-AF) is still unknown. To evaluate the efficacy of an individualized freeze duration, we compared the clinical outcome of patients treated with a time-to-pulmonary vein isolation (TT-PVI) or temperature-guided ablation protocol to the outcome of patients treated with a conventional ablation protocol.
Methods: A total of 164 consecutive patients were included in the study. One method employed was a conventional dosing protocol (at least 2 applications of 180 seconds each)(the Cryo-AF Conventional group n=84), and the second method had a shorter protocol that was based on the TT-PVI or achievement of -40°C within 60 seconds (the Cryo-AF Dosing group n=80).
Results: We treated 656 pulmonary veins (PVs) with 1420 cryotherapy applications. The mean number of applications per patient was 8.7±0.8, with no difference between groups (Cryo-AF Conventional , 8.7±0.8 versus Cryo-AF Dosing ,8.6±0.8; P =0.359). The Cryo-AF Dosing group required significantly less total cryotherapy application time (990.60±137.77versus 1501.58±89.60 seconds; P <0.001) and left atrial dwell time (69.91±6.91 versus 86.48±7.03 minutes; P <0.001) than the Cryo-AF Conventional group. Additionally, the Cryo-AF Dosing group required significantly less total procedure time (95.03±6.50 versus 112.43±7.11 minutes; P <0.001). We observed acute ATP-induced or spontaneous vein electric reconnections in 13 veins (1.98%) after 20 minutes. The reconnection rates between the Cryo-AF Conventional and Cryo-AF Dosing groups were similar in that 2.98% and 0.94% of the initially isolated veins were reconnected, respectively, ( P =0.061). There was no difference in the recurrence rate of free atrial arrhythmia after a 1-year follow-up, which were 78.75% in the Cryo-AF Dosing group versus 78.57% in the Cryo-AF Conventional group ( P =0.978).
Conclusion: A novel Cryo-AF dosing protocol guided by temperature or the TT-PVI can be used to individualize an ablation strategy. This new protocol can lead to a significant reduction in duration of the procedure, the cryoenergy dosage and the left atrial dwell time. The procedure had equal safety and similar acute and 1-year follow-up outcomes compared to the conventional approach.
Pilot test of an online training module on near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring (NIRS) for the randomised clinical trial SafeBoosC III
Authors: Hansen Mathias , Rasmussen Marie Isabel , Rubin Snorre , Pellicer Adelina , Cheng Guoqiang , Xu Xin , Zhaoqing Yin , Zoffman Vibeke , Greisen Gorm
Published: October 2019

Background SafeBoosC-III is an international randomised clinical trial, to evaluate the effect of treatment of extremely preterm infants during the first three days of life based on cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring (NIRS) versus treatment and monitoring as usual. To ensure high quality of the trial intervention as well as of patient care, we have developed a multilingual web-based training program, to train relevant staff and test their competence. As we enter an under-explored area of e-learning, we have conducted a pilot study on the first of the five modules comprising the web-based training program, to test the feasibility of developing such a program for an international trial with limited resources.Methods The module in this study focuses on the principles and practice of NIRS monitoring. The pedagogical idea was to integrate training and certification. One-hundred doctors and nurses from five Neonatal Intensive Care Units across China, Spain and Denmark were invited to participate in the piloting. Upon completion of the NIRS module, participants were invited to evaluate their experience by completing an online survey. Data from close-ended questions were analysed using descriptive statistics while data from open-ended questions underwent thematic analysis.Results In total, 81 of 100 invited staff members entered the training module and completed the online survey. The median time and the number of questions to pass the module was fifteen minutes and seven questions, respectively. Most staff found the academic level of the learning material and quiz appropriate (85% and 93% of all staff members, respectively), as well as agreeing that the module was relevant to prepare them to ‘use the NIRS device’ (90%). Thematic analysis revealed issues such as a discrepancy between learning material and quiz questions, lack of clarity and technical issues.Conclusion We provide evidence of the feasibility of developing a multilingual web-based training program for an international trial, despite challenges such as low budget, language barriers and possibly differences in the clinical training of staff. Exploring the integration of training and certification for international trials, the positive results of this study motivate further developments. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03770741 (registered 10/12-2018), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03770741?recrs=b&cond=cerebral+near+infrared+spectroscopy&rank=3
Determining the effects of exercise after smoking cessation therapy completion on continuous abstinence from smoking: Japanese study protocol
Authors: Ozaki Yuka , Komiyama Maki , Ueshima Kenji , Iso Hiroyasu , Sakata Satoko , Morino Ayumi , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Noguchi Satoshi , Kuwabara Yoshihiro , Takahashi Yuko , Hasegawa Koji
Published: October 2019

Background: Despite a steady world-wide decline over recent decades, the smoking rates remain high in developed countries. In Japan, the smoking rate is 30% for men and 10% for women. Based on these rates, Japan's smoking population is estimated to be 18.8 million (14.06 million for men and 4.74 million for women). The rate of success for smoking cessation has recently improved due to the widespread availability of drug therapy; however, the success rate for quitting smoking one year after beginning therapy is only around 50%. Previous studies have demonstrated that exercise can relieve mental stress during continuous abstinence from smoking and curb smoking resumption. To date, no large-scale randomized controlled trials have examined the effects of exercise on smoking cessation. The present study aims to determine the effects of implementing an intervention in the form of exercise instruction after smoking cessation therapy completion on continuous abstinence from smoking.

Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial in Japan.We will enroll 300 individuals visiting a smoking cessation clinic (over three months) who have abstained from smoking in the second month after their initial visit as potential participants. Participants will not habitually exercise and will consent to participate. Participants will be randomly assigned to the exercise intervention group or control group. The intervention group will receive instruction on exercises that can be incorporated into their daily lives. The control group will be followed during the standard smoking cessation support program. The primary endpoint will be the continuous abstinence rate, and secondary endpoints will be weight, blood pressure, exhaled carbon monoxide concentration, psychological state, and blood test results. These indices will be compared between the intervention and control groups, with follow-up periods of nine months for both groups.

Discussion: By examining the effects of exercise instruction after completion of a 12-week smoking cessation therapy, this study should yield quality information that can be used to develop protocols to improve the continuous abstinence rate and inhibit weight gain after smoking cessation therapy.
Review of Tim Judah. In Wartime: Stories from Ukraine.
Authors: Newnham Randall E.
Published: October 2019

Book review of Tim Judah. In Wartime: Stories from Ukraine. Penguin Books, 2016. xxx, 258 pp. Illustrations. Maps. Sources. $21.99, paper.
Growth and Flowering of Lagerstroemia in Response to Pinching, Photoperiod, and Fertilization
Authors: Rawson James M. , Harkess Richard L.
Published: October 2019

Three experiments were conducted using Lagerstroemia `Victor' and `Zuni', one on pinching, another on photoperiod, and the third with fertilizer rates. Liners were potted with either one or three liners per container. In the pinching experiment, treatments were 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 pinches at 0, 2, 4, or 6 weeks after planting. In the photoperiod experiment the plants were exposed to 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks of short days before being moved to long days. In the fertilizer experiment the plants were fertilized at 0, 200, 400, 600, or 800 mg.L-1 nitrogen from 20-10-20 liquid feed and 0 or 6 g per container of 15-11-13 slow-release fertilizer. For both `Victor' and `Zuni', three liners per container resulted in plants that were wider and shorter than those with only one liner. Neither timing nor number of pinches significantly affected plant size. Short days prevented vegetative growth and floral development in both cultivars. `Victor' grew and flowered best after receiving 8 weeks of short days before moving to long days. `Zuni' grew and flowered best when moved directly to long days after potting. Both `Victor' and `Zuni' grew best when receiving either 200 mg·L-1 or 6 g of slow-release fertilizer.
Effect of Silver Nitrate on In Vitro Regeneration of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Cotyledon Explants
Authors: Moore Misty J. , Brar Mohanjeet S. , Al-Khayri Jameel M. , Morelock Teddy E. , Anderson Edwin J.
Published: October 2019

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an important grain legume that is grown extensively in Africa, South America, India, and in the United States. This study investigated the effects of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on regeneration of cowpea cotyledon explants. Silver nitrate at 50 μm significantly increased percent regeneration in comparison to the control. The effect of duration of exposure was also determined with the ethylene inhibitor AgNO3. By exposing explants to 59 μm AgNO3 during different stages of culture, significant increases were actualized in percent regeneration and shoot number. The greatest percent regeneration was obtained when 59 μm AgNO3 was augmented to both the initiation and regeneration media or to only the regeneration media. These results indicate that the low percentage of regeneration of this genotype may be related to ethylene biosynthesis or metabolism. This study resulted in an improved regeneration system for the commercial cowpea cultivar Early Scarlet, and will be useful in developing a cowpea transformation system.
Seedcoat Discoloration in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), cv. Mississippi Silver
Authors: Mes Peter J. , Cobb B. Gregory , Scheuring Douglas C. , Miller J. Creighton
Published: October 2019

The major markets for cowpea are seed sales and processing. During the storage period prior to sales, some seedcoats of `Mississippi Silver' darken from tan to varying shades of brown. This darkening is undesirable for the processing market, since it results in an unattractive product lacking uniformity. A series of studies was undertaken to investigate this problem. It was noted that darkening proceeded at a rapid rate when seed were left in the field after drying. Selection against darkening was unsuccessful, and attempts at extracting the colored compound with polar and nonpolar solvents were inconclusive. A method of screening for the darkening trait was devised. It was found that darkening could be induced by exposing seed to a high-oxygen environment, suggesting that oxidation is involved in the darkening process. In support of this, it was found that the lowest rate of darkening occurred when the seed were placed in an enriched nitrogen chamber after harvest.
Evaluation of Fragaria Virginiana from Mississippi for Disease Resistance and Horticultural Traits
Authors: Ballington James R. , Smith Barbara J.
Published: October 2019

Thirty-three accessions of Fragaria virginiana collected from Mississippi in 1995 were evaluated for horticultural traits and leaf disease resistance at Reidsville, N.C., and strawberry anthracnose resistance (Colletotrichum acutatum and C. fragariae) at Poplarville, Miss., in 1997. The range of variability in berry shape, fruit flesh color, fruit skin toughness, and degree of sunkenness of seeds among accessions indicated probable introgression with F. xananassa in most all accessions. Seventeen of 29 accessions screened for resistance to C. acutatum were resistant, and an additional 10 were tolerant. Overall, these accessions appear to be good additional sources of resistance to this, the prevalent species of anthracnose in the southeastern United States. In addition, the majority of accessions appear to be tolerant-resistant to leaf scorch, leaf blight, and/or powdery mildew. Nine accessions were resistant to all three leaf diseases, and four were resistant to C. acutatum as well as the three foliar diseases. No accessions were resistant to C. fragariae and only five were tolerant. All five accessions tolerant to C. fragariae were also either resistant or tolerant to C. acutatum but the converse was not true.
Hydrophilic Polymer Amendment in Field Soil to Improve Establishment of Perennial Wildflowers at Transplanting
Authors: Sharma Jyotsna , Pallardy Steve , Schrock Denny
Published: October 2019

Perennial wildflowers, once established, are a low-maintenance alternative in a flowerbed. However, water stress and poor root development in field soil can be detrimental to young plants at the time of transplanting. A fully expanded hydrogel, HydroSource, was incorporated to replace 0% (control), 7.5%, 15% (recommended rate), and 30% of the volume of a clayey field soil to determine its effect on plant water status. Addition of hydrogel reduced water stress in Asclepias incarnata and Gaillardia grandiflora plants. Plants growing in hydrogel amended soil had: 1) significantly lower stomatal resistance (P < 0.01); and 2) significantly higher leaf water potential (P < 0.01). Gaillardia grandiflora control plants showed considerable wilting (reflected in high stomatal resistance and low water potential readings) on the 3rd day of the drought period while those with 15% and 30% hydrogel were turgid even on the 5th day. Hydrogel-amended soil appeared less compacted, and root growth in Asclepias incarnata increased with the increasing rate of hydrogel added to the soil.
The Effects of Drainage Hole Size on Container Leachate
Authors: Fare Donna C. , Davis W. Edgar
Published: October 2019

One component of container production influencing the water quality concerns in the nursery industry is the amount of container effluent leaching from the container substrate. Potential exists for reduced water use, less leachate volume, and improved irrigation efficiency by altering the container design. This research compares the container leachate volume from a standard, 11.31 (# 3) container with seven 1.9-cm-diameter drainage holes to containers with one, three, or five holes with diameters of 1.9, 0.9, and 0.5 cm. Leachate volume was 41% less (312 to 182 mL) when the diameter of the drainage hole was reduced from 1.9 to 0.5 cm. Nitrate-N was 85% less (3093 to 452 mg) when the container drainage holes were reduced to 0.5 cm. Plant growth and quality of Lagerstroemia fauriei X L. indica `Hopi', crapemyrtle, was similar in all container modifications.
Branching, Growth, and Flowering Responses of Perovskia atriplicifolia to Florel, Sumagic, and B-Nine
Authors: Banko Thomas J. , Stefani Marcia A.
Published: October 2019

Russian sage (Perovskia atriplicifolia) grown in a pine bark medium in 1-gal containers were sheared to a height of 15 cm on 20 June 1997. One day later the plants were treated with foliar sprays of Florel (ethephon) at 0, 500, or 1000 ppm. One week later, sprays of B-Nine (daminozide, 5000 ppm) or Sumagic (uniconazole, 15 ppm) were applied to some of the plants previously treated with Florel, or previously nontreated. Three weeks after initial treatments, the Florel (500 and 1000 ppm) and the Sumagic treatments, applied individually, reduced plant height by 26%. The B-Nine treatment reduced height by 18%. Combination treatments (Florel followed by Sumagic or Florel followed by B-Nine) provided additional height control Florel at 500 or 1000 ppm significantly increased branching of Perovskia. Additional treatments with B-Nine or Sumagic had little effect on this response. Florel delayed flowering by ≈7 to 10 days.
In Vitro Germination of Native Terrestrial Orchids
Authors: Wu Ing-Jiun Tom , Wheeler G.L. , Huang F.H.
Published: October 2019

Scarification treatments (a control, a 10-minute vacuum, or a 1.5-minute ultrasound), different media (modified Norstog and Van Waes) and growth regulators [benzyladenine (BA) at 0, 1, 1.5, or 2 mg·L-1 and 6-(r,r-dimethylallylamino)-purine riboside (2iPR) at 0, 1, 1.5 or 2 mg·L-1] were used in combination to increase seed germination of Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum. Seeds treated with ultrasound had higher germination (58.0%) than those treated with vacuum (27.4%) or controls (19.2%). Germination rates increased with 2iPR level and reached a maximum between 1.5 and 2 mg·L-1. Seeds on Van Waes medium, which were not transferred to fresh medium after germination, had a severe browning problem causing many protocorms to die. Those on Norstog medium continued to grow into seedlings with less browning. Germination rates of Calopogon tuberosus × Calopogon `Adventure' and Liparis liliifolia were determined on the different media and growth regulator treatments. Multiple shoots of Calopogon developed from single seeds on media containing growth regulators. Flower buds formed in vitro on Calopogon in media containing 1 mg·L-1 or higher BA 5 months after germination. L. Iiliifolia seeds in Norstog medium had a higher proportion of germination than those in Van Waes medium.
Potential for Jicama in Southeast Georgia and Effects of N Fertility
Authors: Kelley William Terry
Published: October 2019

Jicama (Pachyrrhizas erosus L.) is a vigorous herbaceous vining plant of the Leguminosae family. Native to northern Central America and Mexico, it is produced commercially in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and in warm regions of the southwestern United States. Also known as yam bean, Jicama produces a starchy edible root, although mature pods may be poisonous. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential for Jicama as a crop in southeastern Georgia and to get some information on the N requirement of the crop. Jicama seeds were planted on 29 May 1997 in three row plots. The planting was arranged with 61 cm between rows and 20 cm between plants in the row. Plots were 6 m long. Each plot received one of five N rates: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg·ha-1. Treatments were replicated four times. Otherwise normal cultural practices were employed. Data were collected at harvest on 2 Dec. on number and weight of marketable roots, average root size, percent marketability, external and internal color, and root diameter. There were no significant differences among treatments for any of the parameters measured. However, most of the parameters measured showed some linear relationship to fertility level. Jicama produced under lower fertility levels revealed smaller roots, lower yield, and lower percent marketability. External color of roots with lower fertility levels were darker which may have contributed to a lower percent marketability. N fertilizer at between 60 and 120 kg·ha-1 seems most appropriate for this crop in southeastern Georgia.
Yield of Tomatoes as Influenced by Time of Application of Municipal Biosolids
Authors: Straw R. Allen , Gilfillen Rebecca A. , Mullen Michael D. , Mullins Charles A.
Published: October 2019

A trial evaluating the use of municipal biosolids application in 1996 resulted in stunted transplants, delayed fruit set, season-long reduction in plant vigor, and reduced yield of `Mt. Pride' tomatoes. Hypotheses for these effects include nitrogen (N) immobilization, increased salinity, and acetic acid phytotoxicity. Subsequently, a trial was initiated in 1997 at The Univ. of Tennessee Plateau Experiment Station near Crossville to evaluate the effect of timing of biosolid application on `Mt. Fresh' tomato plant growth and fruit yield. Treatments included an inorganic control consisting of 134, 67, and 67 kg·ha-1 N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively and a municipal biosolid at a rate of 168 kg·ha-1 N applied at transplanting, 2 months prior to transplanting, or 3 months prior to transplanting. The rationale for these treatments is that time would allow for mineralization of N and leaching of salts and/or acetic acid. Stunting of transplants was observed in all treatments receiving applications of municipal biosolids, with the degree of stunting increasing as length of delay decreased. Marketable and total yields were not influenced by treatment. Municipal biosolids applied at transplanting resulted in the greatest fruiting delays and increased the amount of blossom end rot observed. Plants receiving inorganic fertilization produced the highest percentage of cracked and rotten fruit. Recommendations for municipal biosolid use include applying a rate based on N in the fall prior to production or applying a rate based on phosphorus with supplemental inorganic N in the spring.
The Effect of Timing of Dormex Application on Blueberry Leafing and Flower Mortality
Authors: NeSmith D. Scott , Krewer Gerard
Published: October 2019

Leaf bud development is a problem on many blueberry cultivars grown throughout the Southeast. Dormex (50% hydrogen cyanamide) has shown potential in accelerating leaf and floral bud development of some fruit crops, but its usage on blueberries has not been thoroughly explored. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the effects of timing Dormex applications on `Climax' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) and `Oneal' southern highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum). Plants were subjected to low and moderate chilling conditions and were forced under greenhouse conditions. Dormex timings were: 1)1 day after forcing (DAF), 2) 3 DAF, 3) at 10% stage 3 floral buds, 4) at 30% to 50% stage 3 floral buds, 5) at 10% to 30% stage 4 floral buds, 6) control (no Dormex). All Dormex applications were applied at a rate of 2% product. Results showed that Dormex both increased and accelerated leaf bud break as compared to the control. However, flower buds at stage 3 of development or beyond were very susceptible to chemical burn by the product. The data indicate that timing of Dormex applications on blueberries should be based on rate of plant development rather than calendar time. Additional research is needed to most effectively use the product to aid blueberry leaf development.
Adaptation of a Close-focus Pyrometer for Rapid Collection of Blackberry Fruit Temperature Data
Authors: Tilson W.M. , Stiles H.D.
Published: October 2019

The analog output of a portable battery-powered infrared pyrometer capable of nondestructive measurement of blackberry fruit temperatures was collected, formatted, and stored by a Polycorder in the field during the 1996 and 1997 harvest seasons. The program written for the data recorder allowed collection of ≈10 temperatures per plot per minute. Download and analysis of the information gathered during a typical survey of 24 rep × treatment combinations was easily completed prior to subsequent surveys in the field at noon and midafternoon.
Temperatures Differ Between Fronts and Backs of Shaded and Sunlit Berries
Authors: Stiles H.D. , Tilson W.M.
Published: October 2019

Close-focus pyrometers were employed to measure temperatures among blackberry fruits at sunlit and shaded locations on static and one-sided shift trellises with westward leaning (20 to 25° from vertical) crop support arms. About 85% of the static trellis' fruits were located on its eastern face while essentially all of the shift trellis' berries were westward-oriented. During cloudless weather, east-facing berries at 9:30 am were 5 to 8 °C warmer than either ambient air or berries on western trellis faces. West-facing berries were at or near air temperature until 2 or 3 pm; east-facing berries remained above air temperature until 4:30 or 5 pm. Temperatures at the sunlit sides of healthy, east-facing `Arapaho' berries averaged 8 °C warmer than at shaded sides of the same berries.
Genotypic Response of Cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) to In Vitro Regeneration from Cotyledon Explants
Authors: Brar Mohanjeet S. , Al-Khayri Jameel M. , Morelock Teddy E. , Anderson Edwin J.
Published: October 2019

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an important grain legume, which in developing countries provides much of the protein in human diets. A plant regeneration system for cowpea was developed. Cotyledons were initiated on MS medium containing 15 to 35 mg·L-1 benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 5 to 15 days. For shoot regeneration, the explants were transferred to a medium containing 1 mg·L-1 BAP. Regeneration percentage (1% to 11%) and the number of shoots (4 to 12 shoots per explant) were significantly influenced by genotype. The duration of culturing and BAP concentration in the initiation stage significantly affected the regeneration capacity. Explants initiated on 15 mg·L-1 BAP for 5 days resulted in the highest regeneration percentage. Conversely, the highest number of shoots was obtained from explants initiated on 35 mg·L-1 BAP. This is the first report of plant regeneration of U.S. cowpea cultivars.
Performance of Eight Apomictic Selections as Apple Rootstocks
Authors: Ferree David C.
Published: October 2019

The apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivars Starkspur Supreme Delicious and Melrose were planted in 1987 on eight apomictic apple rootstock selections made in Germany by Dr. Hanna Schmidt and on M.7. Selections 2 [M. hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. parentage] and 8 [M. sieboldii (Regel) Rehd. parentage] were similar to M.7 in precocity, cumulative yield per tree, and yield efficiency, while the other selections with M. sargenti Rehd. in their parentage were slower to flower and had lower yields and yield efficiencies. Selections 2 and 8 tended to result in larger trees than M.7, while the selections with M. sargenti parentage were generally similar to M.7 in size. Except for trees on M.7 and selection 2, `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' developed more severe symptoms of internal bark necrosis (IBN) than did `Melrose', which normally does not show IBN. However, `Melrose' showed IBN symptoms on selections with M. sargenti parentage. IBN symptoms were positively correlated with leaf Mn concentrations. Influence of rootstocks on other nutrient elements, although significant, were small compared to the effect on Mn. A significant interaction occurred between cultivar and rootstock in their effects upon branch morphology, mostly because fewer flowering spurs and more vegetative spurs were observed on `Melrose' than on `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' when grafted on Selection 2. These apomictic selections offered no advantage over M.7 as rootstocks for apples.
Controlling Growth of Common Carpetgrass Using Selected Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: Bush Edward W. , Porter Wayne C. , Shepard Dennis P. , McCrimmon James N.
Published: October 2019

Field studies were performed on established carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase) in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate plant growth regulators (PGRs) and application rates. Trinexapac-ethyl (0.48 kg·ha-1) improved turf quality and reduced cumulative vegetative growth (CVG) of unmowed and mowed plots by 38% and 46%, respectively, in 1995, and suppressed seedhead height in unmowed turf by >31% 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) both years. Mefluidide (0.14 and 0.28 kg·ha-1) had little effect on carpetgrass. Sulfometuron resulted in unacceptable phytotoxicity (>20%) 2 WAT in 1994 and 18% phytotoxicity in 1995. In 1995, sulfometuron reduced mowed carpetgrass CVG 21%, seedhead number 47%, seedhead height 36%, clipping yield 24%, and reduced the number of mowings required. It also improved unmowed carpetgrass quality at 6 WAT. Sethoxydim (0.11 kg·ha-1) suppressed seedhead formation by 60% and seedhead height by 20%, and caused moderate phytotoxicity (13%) in 1995. Sethoxydim (0.22 kg·ha-1) was unacceptably phytotoxic (38%) in 1994, but only slightly phytotoxic (7%) in 1995, reduced clipping yields (>24%), and increased quality of mowed carpetgrass both years. Fluazasulfuron (0.027 and 0.054 kg·ha-1) phytotoxicity ratings were unacceptable at 2 WAT in 1994, but not in 1995. Fluazasulfuron (0.054 kg·ha-1) reduced seedhead height by 23% to 26% in both years. Early seedhead formation was suppressed >70% when applied 2 WAT in 1994, and 43% when applied 6 WAT in 1995. The effects of the chemicals varied with mowing treatment and evaluation year. Chemical names used: 4-(cyclopropyl-x-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5 dioxo-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (trinexapac-ethyl); N-2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoro-methyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide] (mefluidide); [methyl 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl) amino]carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl]benzoate)] (sulfometuron); (2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl-5-[(2-ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one) (sethoxydim); 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2yl)-3-[(3-trifluoromethyl-pyridin 2-yl) sulphonyl] urea (fluazasulfuron).
Controlled-atmosphere Storage of Sweet Basil
Authors: Lange Diana L. , Cameron Arthur C.
Published: October 2019

The effect of controlled atmospheres (CA) on the development of injury symptoms and storage life of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cuttings was assessed. Three-node basil stem cuttings were placed in micro-perforated low-density polyethylene packages and stored in the dark at 20 °C in a continuous stream of nitrogen containing the following percentages of O2/CO2:21/0 (air), 21/5, 21/10, 21/15, 21/20, 21/25, 0.5/0, 0.5/5, 1/0, 1.5/0, 2/0, 1/5, 1.5/5, 1.5/7.5, and 1.5/10. Cuttings stored in an atmosphere of <1% O2 developed dark, water-soaked lesions on young tissue after only 3 days. Fifteen percent or more CO2 caused brown spotting on all tissue. Sweet basil stored in 1.5% O2/0% CO2 had an average shelf life of 45 days compared with 18 days for the air control. None of the CA combinations tested alleviated chilling injury symptoms induced by storage at 5 °C.
Freezing Tolerance and Growth Characteristics of USDA Intergeneric Citrus Hybrids US 119 and Selection 17-11
Authors: Tignor Milton E. , Davies Frederick S. , Sherman Wayne B.
Published: October 2019

Two USDA intergeneric, hybrid citrus scions, US 119 {[Citrus paradisi Mac. `Duncan' × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] × C. sinensis Osb. `Succory'} and selection 17-11 {C. grandis US 145 × [Citrus paradisi Mac. `Duncan' × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.]} on `Swingle' citrumelo (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata) rootstocks were examined for freeze hardiness traits (4 years) and general growth characteristics (2 years). Hardiness was compared with that of `Hamlin' orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] and satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu Marc) from Fall 1993 to Spring 1997. As expected, US 119 and 17-11 were both hardier than `Hamlin' orange as determined by leaf disc electrolyte leakage (EL). Both showed freezing tolerance similar to that of satsuma mandarin, but 17-11 was significantly hardier than satsuma or US 119 at several times during the 4-year study. Trunk diameter and tree height were similar for US 119 and selection 17-11.
ADIYAMAN HALK KÜLTÜRÜNDE EVLİLİK VE EVLENME TÖRENLERİ
Authors: UYSAL Yavuz
Published: October 2019

Toplumun en küçük birimi olan aile, iki insanın birlikteliği ile oluşan ve toplumun çekirdeği konumundaki en küçük sosyal yapıdır. Bir milletin geleceğini tayin eden bu sosyal yapı, kültürel boyutta incelendiğinde Türkler arasında kutsallık derecesinde önemli görülen ve dinî inançlarla da tamamlanarak önemi arttırılan bir yapıya dönüşmüştür. Aile kavramının oluşmasının ilk basamağını oluşturan evlilik, dünyanın bütün milletlerinde görülen bir uygulama şekli gibi görülse de bu törenin oluşumu, öncesi ve sonrasında yapılan törenler, hemen hemen bütün milletlerde hatta bir milletin kendi içerisinde bile farklılık göstermektedir. Eş seçimi, eş sayısı, kız isteme, kına gecesi vb. uygulamalar, her kültürde kuralları ve sınırları belirlenerek insanların kültür mirasına işlenmiştir. Evlilik, insanların bireysellikten kurtularak yeni bir sosyal statü kazandıkları hem toplumsal hem de bireysel sorumluluklarıyla yaşam şekillerini değiştirdikleri, önemli dönüm noktalarından birisidir. Geleneksel yapı içerisinde uygulanmakta olan evlilik adına düzenlenen törenler, gün geçtikçe yok olmakta ve insanlar geleneksel uygulamaları, toplumsal yükümlülük statüsünden çıkarmaktadırlar.Bu çalışmada, Adıyaman ili ve çevresinde unutulmaya yüz tutmuş evlenme gelenekleri, evlilik çağı gelmiş iki insanın, tanışmalarından, düğün sonrası el öpme ziyaretine kadar geçirdikleri evreler, detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır.
Instituciones comunitarias autogestivas de abastecimiento de agua potable: el caso de Tlaltepango, Tlaxcala
Authors: Rivera Márquez Javier , Guevara Romero María Lourdes , Tapia Mejía Erik
Published: October 2019

En México, la gestión del agua potable por la comunidad proporciona una amplia gama de arreglos institucionales basados en la cooperación de los usuarios. Esto la vuelve un elemento sustantivo del abasto de agua en zonas rurales y periurbanas. Este artículo presenta el caso de la comisión de agua potable de Tlaltepango, San Pablo del Monte, Tlaxcala, quien por más de seis décadas ha abastecido de agua a sus usuarios. El objetivo fue analizar los elementos de cooperación que apoyan su autogestión utilizando los principios de diseño de Elinor Ostrom. Por lo cual, se aplicaron entrevistas a integrantes de la comisión de agua potable y presidente de la comunidad y observaciones directas hechas en campo. Se verificó que el gestor comunitario ha desarrollado reglas específicas que mantienen cooperando a los usuarios. Por lo que, en general, cumple con los principios de diseño. Es por ello que puede tomarse como un modelo de enseñanza para el resto de gestores comunitarios de San Pablo del Monte.
Instituições de acolhimento e seu potencial educativo
Authors: Andrioli Aline , Löhr Suzane Schmidlin
Published: October 2019

São apresentados os resultados de dois estudos envolvendo pedagogos e instituiçõesde acolhimento. O primeiro, um estudo de caso de uma criança abrigada,conduzido por uma pedagoga, permitiu vislumbrar o conceito de família formulado pelacriança. O segundo, um estudo de levantamento, visou identificar, em três cidades dediferentes Estados brasileiros, instituições de acolhimento que tinham pedagogos nelasatuando. O levantamento ocorreu entre 2013 e 2014 e constatou que, das 72 instituiçõesidentificadas, somente 15 contavam com pedagogos atuantes. Se instituições deacolhimento têm papel educativo, reflete-se sobre o número reduzido de pedagogos porelas contratados.
Política de avaliação da aprendizagem no planejamento educacional do Município de Mossoró/Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Aureliano Francisca Edilma Braga Soares , Garcia Luciane Terra dos Santos , Queiroz Maria Aparecida de
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho inscreve-se na pesquisa do Observatório de Educação (Capes) Avaliação do Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR): um estudo em municípios do Rio Grande do Norte, Pará e Minas Gerais (2007 a 2011). Focaliza a avaliação da aprendizagem nas edições do PAR em Mossoró (Rio Grande do Norte), município da amostra. Na perspectiva sócio-histórica, analisa a problemática da estratégia adotada pela nova gestão pública do Estado. Este, mediante contratos, induz os entes federados a compartilhar responsabilidades e a flexibilizar o controle das ações. A assistência individualizada e coletiva a estudantes, com aprendizagem defasada e necessidades educacionais especiais não reduz a exclusão decorrente dos padrões avaliativos.
Diyaliz Hastalarında Sosyal Bütünleşme İhtiyacı
Authors: Oğuz Güner Yasemin
Published: October 2019

Kronik
böbrek yetmezliği, hemodiyaliz , periton diyalizi ya da böbrek nakliyle
tedavisi yapılan hastalıklardan biridir. Diyaliz tedavisi, hastanın sağ kalımını
sağlasa da, yaşam kalitesi hala üzerinde çalışılması gereken sorunların başında
gelmektedir. Yaşam kalitesi kavramının içinde, fiziksel sağlık, ruh sağlığı,
bağımsızlık düzeyi, sosyal ilişkiler, yaşama ve sağlığa bakış açısı,
beklentiler  ve alışkanlıklar yer
almaktadır. Kronik hastalıklarda birey yaşam boyu az yada çok hastalık
etkilerini yaşar. Bu gruptaki bireylerde, hastalığa bağlı günlük yaşam
aktiviteleri ve iyilik hali bozulması yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine neden olur.Bu
bağlamda yaşam kalitesini arttırmak için sadece medikal gelişmelerin yeterli
gelmediği, hastaların psikososyal desteğe de ihtiyaç duydukları bilinmektedir. Psikososyal
destek, bazı hastalıklar için uygulansa da çoğunlukla diğer kronik hastalıklarda
göz ardı edilmekte, medikal başarıya odaklanılmaktadır. Psikososyal destek için
ülkemizde multidisipliner ekibin içinde ihtiyaç duyulan meslek grupları henüz
yer almamaktadır. Yaşam kalitesinin hastalıkla ilişkili olarak azaldığı diyaliz
hastalarında, sosyal bütünleşme ihiyacını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılan bu
çalışmada; sosyal etkileşimde bozulmayla başlayan yalnızlık, anksiyete ve
depresyon, tedaviye uyum güçlüğü ve intihara eğilim gibi önemli sorunlara neden
olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada son dönem böbrek yetmezliği olan hastalarda yaşam
kalitesini bozan başlıca sorunlar; İş ve eğitim engeli, sağlık giderleri, psikolojik
sorunlar, aile içi görev tanımındaki değişiklikler ve sosyal çevre sorunları altında
toplanıp, alan yazın taraması ile irdelenmiştir.
The Effects of Psychological Violence on Organizational Culture and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour
Authors: Adıgüzel Zafer , Küçükoğlu İrem
Published: October 2019

Mobbing is the state where the employee is subjected to
psychological violence in the workplace, that is, without physical violence,
the stress, burnout, intention to quit, and suicide. Role uncertainty, When
employees do not encounter any negative attitudes and behaviors, employees'
attitudes and behaviors reflect positively to the organizations. However, only
employees who are under the pressure of role ambiguity also desire to leave the
organization. In addition, higher service quality can be provided to stakeholders
in organizations with organizational citizenship behavior. Within the scope of
the aim of the research, a survey was conducted with 360 employees. The
analyzes were performed using IBM SPSS 25 Statistical Package Program and AMOS.
Correlation analysis; regression analysis was used to test hypotheses. Within
the scope of the research model, the effects of production workers on
organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior are examined in
cases of psychological violence and role uncertainty.
Non-invasive Biodiversified Sensors: A Modernized Screening Technology for Cancer
Authors: Takke Anjali , Shende Pravin
Published: October 2019

Background:

Biological sensors revolutionize the method of diagnoses of diseases from early to final
stages using the biomarkers present in the body. Biosensors are advantageous due to the involvement of minimal
sample collection with improved specificity and sensitivity for the detection of biomarkers.

Methods:

Conventional biopsies restrict problems like patient non-compliance, cross-infection and high cost and to
overcome these issues biological samples like saliva, sweat, urine, tears and sputum progress into clinical and diagnostic
research for the development of non-invasive biosensors. This article covers various non-invasive measurements
of biological samples, optical-based, mass-based, wearable and smartphone-based biosensors for the detection
of cancer.

Results:

The demand for non-invasive, rapid and economic analysis techniques escalated due to the modernization
of the introduction of self-diagnostics and miniature forms of devices. Biosensors have high sensitivity and
specificity for whole cells, microorganisms, enzymes, antibodies, and genetic materials.

Conclusion:

Biosensors provide a reliable early diagnosis of cancer, which results in faster therapeutic outcomes
with in-depth fundamental understanding of the disease progression.