bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induced floral heteromorphism in Petunia hybrida
Authors: Kashikar S. G. , Khalatkar A. S.
Published: February 2014

Floral heteromorphism induced in Petunia hybrida with several chemical mutagens and gamma-radiation is discussed. Potentials of these mutagens in inducing various forms are described. The effect of heteromorphism on flower production, pollen sterility and seed set besides cross and self compatibilities between different heteromorphic forms have also been reported.
An electrophoretic and cytological study of hybridisation between Aconitum napellus ssp. skerisorae (2n= 32) and A. variegatum (2n= 16). I Electrophoretic evidence
Authors: Zieliński Roman
Published: February 2014

The variability of six enzymes in pure and mixed populations of Aconitum napellus and A. variegatum, both from the Tatra Mountains was analysed by means of electrophoresis on starch and polyacrylamide gels. The enzymes differentiating the studied species are: glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, esterases and peroxidases. A group of plants was isolated with phenotypes intermediate between A. napellus and A. variegatum. Among them were most probably both F1 and introgressive hybrids.
An electrophoretic and cytological study of hybridisation between Aconitum napellus ssp. skerisorae (2n= 32) and A. variegatum (2n= 16). II. Cytological evidence
Authors: Zieliński Roman
Published: February 2014

The number of chromosomes was determined in mitosis, the course of meiosis was analysed and the degree of pollen viability determined in plants with intermediate enzymatic phenotypes between Aconitum napellus and A. variegatum. One allotriploid plant was found with 2n=24 and a group of plants with 2n=32 showing disturbances in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis somatic reduction and polysomaty were observed and in meiosis monads, diads, triads and polyads were present. These plants are considered as introgressive hybrids arising owing to a small scale gene flow from A. variegatum to A. napellus.
The relationships between ripeness, vigour and methods of harvest of winter wheat grain
Authors: Zaidan Riad
Published: February 2014

The purpose of our vigour tests was to reveal the relationships betwen the viability of wheat grains, their germination rate and capacity and respiration intensity. The wheat grain was collected in two ways. The first grain was removed from the ears immediately after harvest (denoted as series A) and the second grain was left in the ears at room temperature for two weeks after harvest (denoted as series B). This grain was harvested at three stages of ripeness (milk, wax and full ripeness). Our results demonstrated that wheat grain at the full ripeness stage was of better biological quality than that at milk and wax ripeness stages. The grain of series B from all ripeness stages showed a higher viability than the grain of series A. On the other hand, grains at milk, wax and full repeness in series B were more mature than those at milk, wax and full ripeness in series A. Therefore it can be concluded probably that the embryo and endosperm in the latter grains were much more developed and much organic matter was passing from the stalk to the seeds when they were kept in the ear for two weeks after harvest.
Studies on the rhizosphere mycoflora of certain trees
Authors: Joshi Inder J.
Published: February 2014

Two soil types, one supporting Prosopis juliflora and another supporting Dalbergia sissoo were selected to study the mycoflora associated with soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane during winter and rainy seasons. Variations in the fungal population and variety of soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane in relation to the nature of the plant and season were studied. Similarities between the soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane fungeal flora in relation to plant species and season were studied. Differences in the dominant fungal species are also described.
Influence of gibberellins on flower formation in Hyoscyamus niger L.
Authors: Kopcewicz Jan , Centkowska Gabriela
Published: February 2014

Gibberellins (GA4+7) and gibberellin-like substances isolated from generatively induced black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger</> L.) bring about the growth of shoots and a partial differentiation of axillary meristem in black henbane plants grown under non-inductive light conditions. Long-lasting application of gibberellins, however, did not result in full development of flowers in the majority of the plants investigated. Thus, it seems, that gibberellins are not specific flowering hormones in black henbane - a long-day plant.
The variability of phenol compounds based on karyological studies of taxa of the genus Vaccinium L., subgenus Oxycoccus (Hill) A. Gray
Authors: Gugnacka-Fiedor Wanda
Published: February 2014

52 population samples from Poland and several European countries were subjected to karyological and chemotaxonomic studies. Two diploid species (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. and V. microcarpum (Turcz, ex Rupr.) Schmalh.) with chromosome number 2n = 24 were found, differing essentially in the chemical composition of their phenol fractions. Besides diploid species, a tetraploid V. oxycoccos L., with the chromosome number 2n = 48 was distinguished. It is, characterized by a high chemical variability. Its chromatograms show spots of compounds characteristic of both subspecies distinguished. No hexaploid V. hagerupii (Löve et Löve) Rothm. with chromosome number 2n = 72 was in the karyologically studied material. Chemical studies of a herbarium sample do not confirm the distinctness of this taxon in relation to V. oxycoccos. The karyological studies, which, however, need replication, have also revealed the presence of a presumed hybrid, V. pseudonanum Keller, with chromosome number 2n = 36. The chromatogram of that taxon is very similar to that of V. oxycoccos L. subsp. microphyllus (Lange) Löve et Löve.
Ontogenesis and structure of phelloid in Viburnum opulus L.
Authors: Wacowska Marzena , Tarkowska Jadwiga A.
Published: February 2014

The ontogenesis and structure of phelloid cells was studied in the cork tissue of Viburnum opulus L. Phelloid was found to form as the result of division of various cells of the phellogen zone (from phellogen proper to subepidermal cells). There are quantitative differences in the phelloid which forms characteristic thickenings in its inner tangential walls in one- and may-year-old stems. These thickenings contain pectin compounds, cellulose and lignin but no suberin. Preliminary observations in the electron microscope did not allow identification of phelloid cells earlier than in the period when thickening of their walls begins. The strong contrast staining of protoplasts in these cells is noteworthy.
Disturbances in the development of the female gametophyte in fully fertile tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill) and those showing a tendency to parthenocarpy
Authors: Gabara Barbara , Kubicki Bogusław
Published: February 2014

It was found that part of the ovules in two lines of Lycopersicon esculentum: Kholodostoykye (Kh, fertile) and A33 (with a tendency to parthenocarpy) show disturbances in the development of the embryo sac. These irregularities can be seen in four phases: pre-meiotic, post-meiotic (tetrad), nucleate and cellular. The majority of irregularities were observed in the cellular stage of embryo sac development. The total number of ovules with disturbed female gametophyte was higher in the A33 (32.6%) than in the Kh line (23.5%).
Embryo and endosperm development in caryopses of hybrids from crosses between tetraploid wheats and their alloplasmic lines with rye
Authors: Sodkiewicz Wijciech , Rybczyński Jan J.
Published: February 2014

Data concerning the embryo and endosperm development in twenty-day-old caryopses of hybrids obtained as the result of pollination with rye pollen of tetraploid wheats (Triticum dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, T. durum and T. polonicum), their alloplasmic lines with T. timopheevi plasma and aIlaplasmic T. timopheevi lines with cytoplasma of the above mentioned tetraploid wheats and hexaploid wheat (T. macha) were analysed. A high variability was noted between the tetraploid wheats as regards the degree of development of the embryo and of the endosperm in the hybrid caryopses and a decisive influence of the wheat genotype on these characters. The data for alloplasmic lines showed that the cytoplasm may have a modifying effect on the expression of these genotype characters.
Influence of sodium humate on the uptake or some ions by tomato seedlings
Authors: Gumiński Stefan , Sulej Jadwiga , Glabiszewski Józef
Published: February 2014

The influence of sodium humate on the uptake of K+, Rb+ NH4+, Mg2+, Fe3+ PO43-, NO3- and Cl- ions from equilibrated aqueous solutions was investigated. By varying transpiration and applying dinitrophenol "passive" and "active" uptake were distinguished. Ion decrease in the solution and accumulation of labelled elements in roots and shoots were determined. Humate strongly stimulated K+ and Rb+ uptake and strongly inhibited the uptake of Cl-, while it slightly enhanced Mg+2 and PO43- uptake. It, moreover, facilitated iron transport from the roots to shoots. The interaction of humate with dinitrophenol is discussed.
Location of laricinan in compression wood tracheids
Authors: Włoch Wiesław , Hejnowicz Zygmunt
Published: February 2014

It was checqued whether laricinan occurs in the helical cavities of the S2 layer of compression tracheids. It was found to be located between the lignified helical ribs of this layer. Owing to the ability of laricinan to swell, its location has a great influence on the behaviour of compression wood.
Alkyl resorcinols in grains from plants from the family Gramineae
Authors: Kubus Grzegorz , Tłuścik Franciszek
Published: February 2014

5-n-alkylresorcinols were found in 22 of the 27 studied species of grasses. In Agropyron caninum and Bromus macrostachys only the content of alkyl resorcinols was determined, in Agropyron repens, Bromus mollis and Elymus arenarius the composition of alkyl resorcinol homologues was also established. When calculated per gram of dry mass of air-dried grains, the content of alkyl resorcinols was found to be: in the genus Agropyron - approximately 715 µg, in the genus Bromus approximately 60 µg and in Elymus arenarius, 272 µg. The homologues of alkyl resorcinods in the studied genera of grasses differ from the homologues found in wheat or rye by their greater content of long-chain fractions.
Utilisation of total solar radiation energy in the photosynthetic production of radish, red beet and bean
Authors: Nowakowski Wiesław
Published: February 2014

Utilisation of total solar radiation energy in the photosynthetic production of radish, red beet and bean is expressed as per cent of solar radiation accumulated in the carbon of -the dry mass per 1 cm2 of the assimilation surface area. Utilisation of this energy ranges from 2.6 to 8.4 per cent in radish, from 1.7 to 7.5 per cent in beet and from 1.9 to 4.9 per cent in bean.
Development of rye embryo. I. Preliminary investigations on ultrastructure of 7-day-old proembryo
Authors: Stefaniak Barbara
Published: February 2014

Ultrastructural examination of 7-day-old rye proembryos did not reveal distinct differences in the cell structure of its particular parts. It was noted, however, that in the cells of the apical part vacuoles and multivesicular bodies were more numerous than, in the basal part. These specific features of the cells of the apical part of the proembryo (together with data of other authors) seem to indicate an early stage of development of the embryonal scutellum.
Anatomical structure of moss leaves and their photosynthetic activity
Authors: Krupa Jan
Published: February 2014

The photosynthetic activity of the leaf area unit increases depending on the degree of differentiation of the anatomical structure of the leaves of six chosen moss species. There is a correlation between the leaf area and the degree of differentiation of the anatomical structure resulting in enlargement of the area of contact of the assimilating cells with air. The leaves of Catharinea undulata having a one-layer blade and provided with several lamellae show a higher photosynthesis per 1 cm2 of their surface than the one-layer leaves of Mniurnm or Funaria. Aloina leaves are the smallest in area among those of the moss species discussed, however, their photosynthetic rate is almost 4.5 times higher than in Funaria leaves. By analogy to the structure of leaves and their function in vascular, plants, these changes and correlations may be considered as attempts of primeval adaptation of mosses to terrestrial conditions of living.
Influence of 3-metoxycarbonylmethylbenzothiazolium bromide on growth and mitotic activity of Vicia sativa L. roots
Authors: Sekerka Vladimir
Published: February 2014

3-Metoxycarbonylmethylbenzothiazolium bromide (MMB) influences the growth of the roots seedlings of Vicia sativa L. It stimulates growth within a broad concentration range of 10-13-10-7 M, but inhibits growth at 10-3 M and shows similar stimulating and inhibiting effects on the mitotic activity of root tip cells.
Phases of crown-gall transformation susceptible to hydroxyurea
Authors: Rennert Aldona , Kowalczyk Józef , Pajkowska Halina
Published: February 2014

With the use of bacterial strains, both sensitive and resistant to hydroxyurea the action of this inhibitor on tumour formation on the leaves of Kalanchoe daigremontiana infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens was tested for five days after inoculation. The results are in agreement with the opinion that the anti-tumour effect of hydroxyurea applied in the induction phase (between 18 and 60 h after inoculation) is the result of its direct action on plant cells, whereas inhibition of tumour formation by the inhibitor in the inoculation period depends on its action on the pathogenic bacteria.
Banding patterns in plant chromosomes. II. Bibliography (1970-1980)-Anthophyta
Authors: Mizianty Marta
Published: February 2014

The bibliography deals mainly with papers published from 1970 until 1980. Some of them published before 1970 are also included. The list of periodicals, which served for this bibliography is given in Appendix 1.
Role of gibberellins and cytokinins in regulation of germination during development and ripening of Triticale caryopses
Authors: Weidner Stanisław
Published: February 2014

The germination of caryopses of M-T3 Triticale generation, which were freshly harvested in different growth and developmental phases has been studied. A significant influence of the abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation on the increment of number of germinating caryopses has been found. Already in the first phase af the embryogenesis considerable stimulating effects of kinetin and gibberellin-A3 (GA3) on the germination of embryos which were isolated from freshly collected grains have been shown. When both stimulators were used together marked synergetic reaction occurred. It has been also determined that in the initial period of embryogensis premature germination occurs, to a higher extent, under the action of cytokinins than! Whether in the further phases of the caryopse development, when embryo develop mainly through the cell elongation, mostly gibberellins seem to be responsible for the activation of germination processes. The more mature were seeds the quicker germinated whole caryopses and embryos isolated from them at different ripeness, after 3-month storage. The highest stimulation of germination by phytohormones has been found for the most mature caryopses. The action of gibberellic acid has been particulary strong.
Lack of influence of low temperature, light and growth substances on phytochrome resynthesis in coleoptiles of irradiated oat seedlings
Authors: Kopcewicz Jan , Cymerski Mariusz , Madela Kazimierz
Published: February 2014

The photoconversion of phytochrome PR into the PFR form causes at the same time the destruction of the initial large fraction of phytochrome found in the coleoptiles of etiolated oat seedlings. Factors such as low temperature, light of different wavelengths or growth substances are not capable of preventing the progressive destruction and restore the synthesis of phytochrome. Thus an abnormally high level of phytochrome is found only in etiolated seedlings. Such seedlings, on the other hand, are characterized by a very high rate of elongation growth. The role of phytochrome in the control of deetiolation of seedlings is discussed.
The role of zeatin and gibberellic acid in breaking of the abscisic acid-induced dormancy in Triticale caryopses
Authors: Weidner Stanisław , Makowski Włodzimierz , Sójka Eugeniusz , Rejowski Andrzej
Published: February 2014

The investigations were conducted on the germinating embryos and the whole caryopses of Triticale. During preimbibition and 24 hours germination caryopses were treated with abscisic acid (ABA), which produced 63% inhibition of embryo growth. Gibberellin-A3 (GA3) reversed the ABA effect in 18%, while zeatin in 22%. The clear synergic reaction was observed (36%) when both stimulators acted together. There was no significant effect of ABA, ABA and GA3, as well as ABA and zeatin on the synthesis of polyribosomal RNA in the initial period of germination of excised embryos. However, during 24 hours germination of whole caryopses ABA caused a twofold decrease in 3H-uridine incorporation into the total fraction of embryonic ribosomes. While the incorporation of 14C-aminoacid mixture into ribosomal proteins was even three-fold lower. Effect of GA3 and zeatin on breaking of the ABA-induced "dormancy" was studied. It was confirmed that the higher polyribosome contribution to the sum total of ribosomes the more intensive synthesis of ribosomal proteins. No higher 3H-uridine incorporation into polyribosomal fraction was observed. From the results it may be inferred that in the initial period of germination of Triticale caryopses regulation of protein biosynthesis occurs rather at the translation than transcription level.
The effect of 2,4-D and ABA on respiration of isolated mitochondria from maize coleoptiles
Authors: Raczek Ewa
Published: February 2014

The susceptibility of isolated maize mitochondria to the growth regulators: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and abscisic acid (ABA) was studied. It was found that 2,4-D (a herbicide) inhibits respiration in mitochondria, as do other herbicides or phenoxy-acids. In the entire range of concentrations used (10-3-10-9 M), 2,4-D introduced into the medium before the respiration reaction was begun, or during it, limited the intensity of succinate oxidation. It did not, however, markedly change phosphorylation properties. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation took place only after preincubation of mitochondria with 2,4-D and was the result of the destruction of mitochondrial membranes. ABA (a growth inhibitor of plants) caused a similar response in maize mitochondria. Preincubation of mitochondria with ABA lead to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Whereas ABA introduced during respiration (state 4 respiration) or before its onset, lowered the oxidative potential of mitochondria, it also changed the pattern of state 4-3-4 transition after addition of ADP (it was especially visible at high concentrations), which indicates that the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation with the respiratory chain has faltered. It seems that this negative effect of 2,4-D and ABA on respiration of isolated maize mitochondria is connected with the inhibitory effect of these growth regulators on the growth of maize coleoptiles. Interference in the organization mitochondrial membranes results in a lowered supply of ATP - a source of energy needed in elongation processes.
The effect of sodium humate on the content of different types of phosphorus compounds and on the activity of acid phosphatases in tomato seedlings
Authors: Lisiak Maria J.
Published: February 2014

The effect of sodium humate on the level of some fractions of phosphorus compounds in the leaves and roots of tomatoes cultured in mediums with a full or reduced phosphorus dose was studied. A dependence was found between the presence of humate in the medium and an increase in the amount of some organic phosphorus compounds in the leaves (lipid phosphorus, easily hydrolyzed phosphorus compounds, nucleic acid phosphorus). In addition, humate lowered the activity of acid phosphatases which had been excessively increased due to the plants inadequate phosphate supply. The results suggest that Na-humate affects phosphorus metabolism not only in an indirect manner, but also directly through penetration of humic substances into the plant tissues.
Monographic studies in genus Camelina Cr. 1. Camelina anomala Boiss. et Hausskn.
Authors: Mirek Zbigniew
Published: February 2014

The paper gives detailed morphological description, geographical distribution and some other information on Camelina anomala. Boiss. et Hausskn. In the literature the species has not been characterized precisely.
Morphological and cytological evaluation of progeny obtained from pollination of Fragaria x ananassa Duch. with Potentilla spp.
Authors: Niemirowicz-Szczytt Katarzyna
Published: February 2014

In the second year of growth, 131 (of 159) progeny from pollination of F. X ananassa with Potentilla spp. were examined for morphological characters such as leaf shape and lay-out, the ability to produce runners, flowering, the color of flower petals, sex, ability to develop torus and viability of seeds. On the basis of these characters, among which the ability of expansion of the fleshy receptacle (torus) serves to distinguish representatives of the genus Fragaria from Potentilla species, the progeny from this intergeneric pollination was considered matroclinous (850/o produce fleshy fruits and the remaining plants also show Fragaria traits). Matroclinous plants preserve traits of the maternal species, but show a variability of these characters within the species, thus;, they are not identical with the varie.ties from which they arose. Matroclinous plants differ widely in ploidy. Among the 153 examined individuals, tetraploids were most numerously represented (41%), next came penta- and hexaploids (36%), octoploids (8%), mixoploids and aneuploids (6,5%), triploids (5.5%) and others. From among 199 matroclinous plants, 77 produce relatively highly viable seeds in open pollination, 33 gave seeds of low viability and 8 produced completely sterile seeds. Preliminary examination of the progeny of matroclinous plants seems to indicate that it is possible to obtain a next fertile generation.
Embryological studies on Fragaria x ananassa Duch. after pollination by three species of Potentilla
Authors: Niemirowicz-Szczytt Katarzyna
Published: February 2014

Embryological studies were carried out after pollinating four female varieties of Fragaria ananassa Duch. (Freja, Sonja, Mieze Schindler, Reine des Precoce) with three species of Poteiatilla (P. geoides, P. rupestris, P. fruticosa). The aim was to elucidate the manner in which matroclinous progeny arises after pollination of the strawberry with Potentilla pollen. In addition to meiotic, apo- and diplosporous embryo sacs were formed in the Freja variety. On the average, in the four studied varieties,, 49% of the ovules contained more than one embryo sac. At the most, five embryo sacs developed, but only two of them attained full maturity. Pollen from Potentilla germinated on the stigma of the strawberry and the pollen tubes grew through the style to the ovule. Symptoms of fertilization were not found in the strawberry ovules after pollination with Potentilla, however, after pollination with the Redgauntlet F. x ananassa variety, extra nucleoli or chromatin grains were found in the ovule. False polyembryony was found in the Mieze Schindler (16 cases), Sonja (2 cases) and Freja (1 case) varieties. The germination of two plants from one seed was observed, which shows the possibility of full development of twin embryos. The low germination ability of the seeds was caused by abnormalities in the development of the embryos.
Aflatoxin B -induced alterations in uptake and distribution of 65Zn-ZnCl2 by four Zea mays cultivars and toxin effects on root and stem elongations
Authors: Llewellyn Gerald C. , Slack Nancy S. , Dashek William V. , Reynolds John D. , Moll Michael B. , Mccowen Sara M.
Published: February 2014

Aflatoxin Bl has been recovered within seemingly healthy, intact seeds, which suggests that its transport from contaminated soil to the fruit can occur. Previously, we examined the effects of 19.7 µg•-3 mixed aflatoxins (AFTs) on the abilities of three Zea mays cultivars to remove Zn++ from Perlite and the influence of Zn++ on the cultivars' capabilities to both take-up and distribute AFTs. Here, we report both 2.5 and 5.0 µg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)cm-3 influences on time-dependent, uptake and organ distribution of 65Zn-ZnCl2 from liquid culture by Zea mays, cvs. 'Early Yellow', 'Silver Queen', 'Early White' and `Golden Queen'. In addition, time-dependent seed germination as well as root and stem elongation responses to AFB1 are described. Neither 2.5 nor 5.0 µg AFB1cm-3 affected the cultivars' abilities to germinate. Whereas an analysis of variance revealed significant differences for the combination cultivars, AFB1 concentration and time regarding root elongation, such analysis for stem elongation yielded only a significant interaction between AFB1 concentration and one cultivar at a time course's completion. As for 65Zn-ZnCl2 uptake, an ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences for the combination organs, cultivars and AFB1 concentration. Certain results suggest Zea mays cultivar variability in susceptibility to exogenous AFB1. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Ctenidio molluscae-Seslerietum uliginosae Klika 1943 em. Głazek 1983 - a new association for Poland
Authors: Głazek Tadeusz
Published: February 2014

Paper presents ecological and phytosociological relationships of Ctenidio molluscae-Seslerietum uliginosae (Caricion davallianae alliance) - association new-distinguished for Poland. Its phytocoenoses occur in the eutrophic habitats within Kielce county and such mezoregiones as Świętokrzyskie Mountains, Szydłowskie Highlands, Pińczowski Hump and Nida Valley. The association was compared with the analogous one from Czechoslovakia. It was also proved to be well floristicly and ecologicaly stabilized.
Preliminary observations on the flowering and seed production of the thistle Carlina onopordifolia Besser
Authors: Poznańska Zofia , Spiss Ludwik
Published: February 2014

The paper deals with the flowering and seed production of thistle Carlina onopordifolia Besser, one of the rarest species in the flora of Poland. Bad weather conditions and shading were found to exert an unfavorable effect on the flowering, fruiting and seed viability. Isolation of the inflorescences had a similar influence, however it did not prevent seed setting. The results obtained including the lack of pollen germination on the stigma and the lack of pollen tubes in the styles, give the basis for supposition that Carlina onopordifolia reproduces apomictically.
Investigations on carotenoids in Embryophyta. IV. The presence of apocarotenals in peatmosses
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli
Published: February 2014

By means of column and thin-layer chromatography, the author investigated tit presence of various carotenoids in stems of 3 species of the Sphagnum genus. Apocarotenals (β-apo-2', β-apo-10' -carotenal and apo-12' -violaxanthal) and the following carotenoids were found: α-, β-, ;-carotene, β-cryptoxantin, lutein, lutein epoxide, zeaxanthin, adonixanthin, antheroxanthin, rhodoxanthin, rubixanthin, neoxanthin, vio-laxanthin and mutatoxanthin. The total content of carotenoids ranged from 11.954 to 41.579 mg•g-1 dry weight.
Influence of lead on the chlorophyll content and on initial steps of its synthesis in greening cucumber seedlings
Authors: Burzyński Marek
Published: February 2014

Lead uptake by young cucumber (Couches satires L.) seedlings growing in 10-4 and 10-3 M PbCl2 solution caused δ-aminolevulinic acid synthesis inhibition, reduced the activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and the chlorophyll centent in the cotyledons. Lead mainly accumulated in the roots (ca 93-96% of Pb uptake) and hypocotyls (ca 4-6%), whereas only trace Pb amounts were found in the cotyledons when 10-3 M solution was used. It is supposed that one of the causes of the reduction of chlorophyll synthesis by lead is its influence on tissue hydration which diminished to about 50 per cent as compared with the control. The direct effect of lead on the examined steps of chlorophyll synthesis cannot, however, be ruled out.
Banding patterns in plant chromosomes. II. Bibliography (1970-1980) - Anthophyta. Supplement 2
Authors: Mizianty Marta
Published: February 2014

The present paper complements the main bibliography (8) and Supplement 1 (9). It contains list of 4 plant species and appropriate literature for it.
Two acid RNases from Dactylis glomerata seeds. Purification, properties and effect of polyamines and lectins on their activity
Authors: Wiśniowska Janina , Morawiecka Bronisława
Published: February 2014

Two glycoproteidic acid RNases (RNase I and RNase II) were obtained and purified from the seeds of Dactylis glomerata by extraction with acetate buffer, fractionation with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sphadex, affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose and gel filtration on Bio-Gel P60. RNase I with a specific activity of 2582 U•mg-1 protein and an optimum pH of 4.9 and RNase II with a specific activity of 1928 U• mg-1 protein and optimum pH of 4.6, were isolated. They lacked nuclease, phosphodi- and monoesterase activities. Both forms of the enzyme hydrolyzed pyrimidine homopolymers with a preference for poly U and exhibited a low specificity for purine homopolymers (poly G and poly A). RNase I acted with a 3-fold higher hydrolytic activity on poly C homopolymer than RNase IL The hydrolytic activity of both enzymes was inhibited by Zn+2, Fe+2, Cu+2 ions when yeast RNA was the substrate. The amines spermine, spermidine and tyramine at a concentration of 0.1 mM increased the enzymatic activity of both RNases by 20 to 60% of the relative activity. The hydrolytic activity of RNases I and II was stimulated by the presence of lentil lectin (LL), soybean lectin (SBA) and potato lectin (STA), and inhibited by the presence of concanavalin A. The 20-200% stimulation and 40-60% inhibition depended on the proportion, on a weight basis, of enzyme to lectin and were reversible in the presence of receptor sugars.
Machinism of abscission of leaves and reproductive parts of plants - a model
Authors: Jankiewicz Leszek S.
Published: February 2014

Abscission of leaves and reproductive parts of plants is presented in the form of a model which allows the reader to see the process as a whole. The process of abscission was divided into 2 parts: the first of which may be inhibited or reversed by auxin, and the second, which is mostly irreversible. Increased ethylene (ET) production links the earlier phases of senescence with abscission. ET has a double role in the initiation of the abscission process: (1) acting on the leaf blade, it withholds the export of auxin from a leaf, in consequence the abscission zone (AZ) is scarcely supplied with this hormone. When this state lasts sufficiently long, AZ tissues become sensitive to the second action of ET, (2) that is, to its dorect action on the AZ. When this occurs, the further stage of abscission is triggered. The possible roles of abscisic acid, tyloses and the influence of environmental factors are also discussed. During the further, mostly irreversible stage of abscission, marked stimulation of metabolic activity takes place in the AZ and its tissues attract nutrients. Sharp hormonal gradients appear in the AZ, leading probably to the precise localization of the "separation stratum" in the AZ where the detachment finally occurs. Further on, the detachment of the plant part may be accomplished in different ways, however, one "way" does not exclude the simultaneous participation of other(s). Thus, abscission may be accomplished by the enzymatic degradation of the middle lamella and primary cell wall, or by inducing cell divisions in the separation stratum with subsequent breaking of the newly formed cells. It can occur as well due to uneven augmentation of the cells belonging to the neighbouring cell layers which results in mechanical strain among them and in tearing apart. Separation may occur also due to a collapse of the cells of the AZ which leads to the formation of empty spaces. The problem of infallibility of physiological processes is briefly discussed.
Morphological and anatomical changes in the petioles of Nymphaea alba L. and Nuphar luteum (L.) Sm. caused by oscillations of the water level in lakes
Authors: Śpiewakowski Eugeniusz R. , Piasecki Józef , Wielicka Maria
Published: February 2014

In this study we present morphological and anatomical changes in the petioles of Nymphaea alba and Nuphar luteum from two lakes greatly differing from each other in respect to the oscillation of their water level (Lake Salno -a stabilized natural reservoir, used for comparison; Lake Kwiecko -a natural reservoir for the Hydroelectric Plant in Żydowo, where the changes in the water level oscillate up to 3.1 m during a day under conditions of maximum retention). Nonrhytmic and turbulent water flows in Lake Kwiecko cause the elongation of petioles, a decrease in their diameter, and to a significant degree, the reduction of supporting elements - collenchyma, vascular bundles and idioblasts. These changes take place to a lesser extent in Numphar luteum. Although this species has a very wide ecological amplitude and does not need to adapt to changing habitat conditions, through anatomical modifications the oscillations in the water level have an unfavorable effect on its population in Lake Quick.
Statistical analysis of the phytocoenose homogeneity. III. Spatial distributions of species and their standing biomass as a function of the area size
Authors: Kwiatkowska Anna J. , Symonides Ewa
Published: February 2014

Homogeneity of the Lcucobryo-Pineium phytocoenose was assessed on the grounds of species dispersal and spatial distribution of their biomass, determined with non-parametric runs test. It was confirmed that: 1) species dispersal and the type of spatial distribution of their biomass depended on the area size, 2) for analysed phytocoenose the area at which species dispersal and spatial sequence of the high and low standing biomass were random could be determined, 3) phytocoenose was homogeneous only under the difinite scale of its spatial differentiation, and 4) scale under which phytocoenose was homogenenous differed for qualitative and quantitative measures.
Statistical analysis of the phytocoenose homogeneity. V. Frequency distributions of similarity and distance coefficients as a function of the area size
Authors: Kwiatkowska Anna J. , Symonidis Ewa
Published: February 2014

Homogeneity of the Leucobryo-Pinetum phytocoenose was assessed on the grounds of the type of frequency distributions of similarity and Euclidean distance coefficients. It was confirmed that: 1) the type of frequency distributions of similarity and distance coefficients, as well as values of their statistical characteristics depended on the area size; 2) for analysed phytocoenose the area size at which frequency distributions of both coefficients were symmetrical, i.e., fitted the normal distribution, could be determined; 3) at the same time such area determined the scale of spatial differentiation of the phytocoenose under which it was homogeneous.
Isolation, chemical characterization and biological activity of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.) root saponins
Authors: Oleszek Wiesław , Jurzysta Marian
Published: February 2014

Saponins from alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.) roots were isolated and their acid hydrolysis revealed several aglycones that were obtained in crystalline form and characterized. Medicagenic acid, hederagenin and soyasapogenols A. B, C. D, E and F were found. Crude saponins were separated into cholesterol-precipitable and nonprecipitable fractions. The precipitable fraction consisted of medicagenic acid glycosides: glucose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose were found as their sugar chain components. The nonprecipitable fraction was a mixture of hederagenine and soyasapogenol glycosides, and glucose arthinose. xylose. galactose and glucuronic acid were found in the sugar component,. 7 he medicagenic acid glycosides made up 6% of root dry matter and showed high biological activity. They cuased red blood cells lysis (haemolytic index 3000), completely inhibited Trichoderma viride growth at the concentration of 2.5 Mg. 100 cm-3 of growth medium and retarded wheat seedling growth at concentrations as low as 100 ppm. The cholesterol-nonprecipitable fraction caused no blood cell lysis and fungus growth inhibition, although it did inhibit seedling growth, but to a much lesser extent than medicagenic acrd glycosides. The detrimental effect of alfalfa root saponins on winter wheat crop after alfalfa is discussed.
Localized spontaneous fluctuations of electric potential in shoots of different plants
Authors: Głębicki Krzysztof , Hejnowicz Zygmunt , Pijanowski Andrzej
Published: February 2014

Sharp short-lasting voltage fluctuation is one of the components of plant electric activity. Common appearance of such fast signals (FS) in the stems of several species has been found. Observed spatial distribution of its amplitude excludes the possibility of an artefact, deriving from the electrode surface -- plant tissue interaction. The hypothesis that FS are due to action potential of a single cell or a small group of cells observed in a volume conductor is considered.
Is Impatiens balsamina a qualitative short-day plant?
Authors: Teske Elżbieta
Published: February 2014

Impatiens balsamina which, in literature on the physiology of flowering, is assigned to qualitative short-day plants, flowers under Polish climatic conditions from June until September. It flowers, therefore. during the period of the longest day. The photoperiodic responses of I. balsamina plants raised from seeds obtained from botanical gardens located within the range of 23 -65° N. lat. were studied. The experiment revealed marked differences in the photoperiodic responses within the species. Qualitative short-day plants, quantitative short-day plants and day-neutral plants were found in the studied material. An evident correlation was found between the place of origin of the studied seeds and the photoperiodic sensitivity of the plants raised from them.
Cupapé (Cordia dodecandra DC., Boraginaceae) a fruit tree in the process of domestication in Mexico
Authors: Jankiewicz Leszek S. , Lwón Maria T. , Albores Victor M.
Published: February 2014

The fruit tree. Cordia dodecandra DC.. which is partly domesticated in the region of Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas (Mexico) is described from the horticultural and biological point of view. The fruit is up to 5 cm in diameter and its flesh contains 14-25%; of total lipids, 6-14%; of total protein and 5-15% of total sugars in dry mass. The fresh fruit does not have a very good flavor but cooked with sugar is very tasty. The plant shows marked variability which can be taken into consideration in the selection of better forms for vegetative propagation and breeding.
The effect of S-(ferrocenylmethyl)-thiosalicylic acid sodium salt on the germination and growth of cereal grains and seedlings and on the development of pathogenic fungi
Authors: Michalczyk Jan , Wasilewski Janusz
Published: February 2014

The sodium salt of S-(ferrocenylmethyl)-thiosalicylic acid was studied in the context of its possible use as a systemic fungicide and, concurrently, as a source of physiologically active iron fur crop plants. It was found that this metallocene was taken up by maize seedlings growing in liquid mediums, and used for chlorophyll synthesis, in a concentration range as low as 0.05-0.08 mM dm-3. In the concentration range of 0.05-1.5 mM dm-3, it inhibited germination, seedling growth and Y-amylase activity while it stimulated the activities of proteinases, catalase and peroxidase. When sprayed on cereal leaves at a concentration of 1.0-2.0 mM dm-3, it exhibited fungicidal properties: inhibition of fungus development without harming cereal plant leaves and stimulated chlorophyll synthesis.
Sesquiterpene lactones. XXXI. New guaianolides in Centaurea bella Trautv. and Centaurea adjarica Alb.
Authors: Nowak Gerard , Drożdż Bohdan , Holub Miroslav , Budesinsky Miros , Sman David
Published: February 2014

Nine new guaianolides. I of which are chlorinated, were isolated from the dried, above-ground parts of Centaurea bella Trautv. They are: cebellin A. B, C, D, E. F, G, H and 1. l he known guaianolides centaurepensin and repdiolide were also found. The occurrence of repin. acroptillin and janerin was confirmed. Cebellin F. G. I and repin. acroptillin and janerin were chromatographically shown to occur in Centaurea adjarica Alb.
Sesquiterpene lactones. XXXII. Guaianolides in species from the genus Chartolepis Cass.
Authors: Nowak Gerard , Drożdż Bohdan , Holub Miroslav
Published: February 2014

Differences in the composition of the "lactone fraction" of 4 species from the genus Chartolepis Cass. were observed. Cynaropierin was isolated from the above-ground parts of Chartolepis intermedia Boiss. and the occurrence there of grossheimin was confirmed. The following compounds were isolated from the above-ground parts of Chartolepis glastifolia (L.) Cass.: centaurepensin, repin, cebellin C, acroptillin, cebellin D, cynaropicrin, cebellin F and janerin. Centaurepensin, repin, cebellin C, acroptillin, cynaropicrin, janerin and a new guaianolide, pterocaulin were isolated from the herb Chartolepis biebersteinii Jaub. et Spach. In addition to the lactones found in Chartolepis biebersteinii, Chartolepis pterocaula (Trautv.) Czer. also accumulated grossheimin.
Morphological differences between Pinus mugo Turra populations from the Tatra Mts. revealed by cone traits
Authors: Bobowicz Maria A. , Krzakowa Maria
Published: February 2014

Two-year-old cones were collected from 388 dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) plants of ten populations of this species from the Tatra Mts. - five of them from calcareous and five from calcium-free undersoil. Their 14 morphological traits are described. The data served for performing multivariate analysis of variance and testing of statistical hypotheses, for discriminate analysis. for calculating Mahalanobis distances between populations and plotting a dendrite based on the shortest Mahalanobis distances and for agglomerative clustering by the method of nearest neighbourhood. Wide differences in the populations were found as regards all the studied traits and the existence of two groups in the population, which, do not, however, correlate with the substrate type. The "calcareous and calcium-free" populations show statistically significant differences in six of the 14 studied traits.
Betula szaferi a new species of the genus Betula L. from Poland
Authors: Staszkiewicz Jerzy
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a description of a new species Betula szaferi Jentys-Szaferowa ex Staszkiewicz which had been known earlier under the name: B. "nova". B. oycoviensis cv. 'Szaferi'.
The invasion and expansion of three North American species of goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L. sensu lato. S. gigantea Ait. and S. graminifolia (L ) Salisb) in Poland
Authors: Guzikowa Małgorzata , Maycock Paul F.
Published: February 2014

The geographical distributions of three adventive species of North American goldenrods (S. canadensis L. s.l., S. gigantea Ait. and S. graminifolin (L.) Salisb.) throughout Poland are presented. The history of escape, initial establishent and subsequent spread are documented on the basis of almost 1400 herbarium collections and site records of the authors. Of the three species S. gigantea is the most aggressive S. cunadensis has continued to spread vigorously. but S. graminifolia has barely moved beyond its initial area of establishment. The first two species occur essentially throughout Poland. having expanded from centers in southwestern Poland in the decade between 1840 to 1850. Both of these plants are spreading rapidly and producing vigorous populations which thrive in disturbed and semi-disturbed environments and S. gigantea seems to have now attained the capability of invading stabilized habitats and communities. They are in the process of becoming a serious threat to many natural environments and ecosystems in Poland.
Soil-vegetation relationships on a cobbly limestone floodplain. Anticosti Island, Quebec
Authors: Gauthier Line , Dumont Marieclair , Grandtner Miroslav M.
Published: February 2014

The limestone floodplain of the Galiote River. Anticosti Island (Quebec) is occupied by 4 shrub associations: Dryadetum drummondi (37%). Juniperetum horizontalis (15%). Dryadetum integrifolae (4%) and Potentilletum fruticusae (3%) as well as by 6 less Important communities. primarily herbaceous. Four new subassociations are presented: D. d. dryadetosum drummondii. D. d. danthonietosum spicatae, D. i. juniperetosum horizontalis and J. h. dryadetosum integrifoliae. The vegetation colonizes soil representative of the Regosolic. Brunisolic and Gleysolic orders, composed of calcareous material at pH greater than 7 with a base saturation capacity of more than 100%. These soils are first colonized by pioneer plants such as Dryas. which stabilize the substrate thus facilitating the establishment of a less specialized vegetation and leading finally to forest development. This succession follows a topographical gradient that runs from the river to the forest; the river being the principle element determining the distribution of the described plant communities.
Heavy metal tolerance of Cardaminopsis halleri (L.) Hayek populations in the Polish Tatra Mts.
Authors: Fabiszewski Jerzy
Published: February 2014

Nine populations of Caradaminopsis halleri growing on old mine spoil hillocks in the Tatra Mts. were studied. Five of the plant populations showed an increased content of zinc, copper and lead in shoots, in correlation with a higher contents of these elements in soil. Laboratory tests revealed the highest index of zinc-tolerance for these populations. In field zinc-tolerant populations produce stunted individuals with a decreased, by more than a half, biomass as compared with non-tolerant populations.