bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microclimates growing and watering volumes influences the physiological traits of Chili Pepper cultivars in combating abiotic stress
Authors: Ahmad Farhan , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Soleh Mochamad Arief , Khan Muhammad , Sundari Ristina Siti
Published: September 2024

Chili peppers are a staple food for countries worldwide and are loaded with vitamins and antioxidants. One of the world's largest chili consumers, Indonesia faces climate adversities and cash-crop pest infestations that affect its horticulture market. The present research explores microclimatic and watering for physiological performances in different chili cultivars, useful in suggesting the strategies of cultivation with a climate-resilient perception. The research was done in the Bale Tatanen, Padjadjaran University, using a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design to analyze chili plant physiology. According to statistical analyses, cultivars did not significantly affect absolute growth rate (AGR), but growing microclimates and watering volumes did significantly affect AGR and water use efficiency (WUE). The rain shelter and screen house had the highest WUE and AGR values. Growing microclimates and cultivars significantly affected transpiration rate, stomatal conductance to water vapor and total conductance to CO2, with the screen house exhibiting the highest values. All three factors significantly affected the photosynthetic rate, with the greenhouse showing the highest rate. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was likewise highest in the greenhouse. This study aimed to systematically assess these factors and it tried suggesting practices that might assist in combating the effects of abiotic stress on chili production, for its sustainability. The findings of this research would help in conceptualizing the most efficient microclimate and watering volume for chili cultivation particularly, when considering climate change challenges as well; these results could also be applied to develop guidelines which might serve helpful at resource-poor farming.
Nest site selection by a grassland-dependent Neotropical passerine, the Tawny-bellied Seedeater Sporophila hypoxantha
Authors: FRANZ ISMAEL , CHIARANI EDUARDO , BASTAZINI VINICIUS A. G. , BOLDRINI ILSI I. , FONTANA CARLA S.
Published: September 2024

Increasing habitat loss and fragmentation along with other factors have led to the dramatic declines of multiple Sporophila seedeater species populations. However, the implementation of effective conservation measures is often hampered by the lack of knowledge about species’ ecological requirements in their breeding grounds. Here we evaluate vegetation structure and composition of Tawny-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila hypoxantha) breeding sites in the upland grasslands of southern Brazil. We compared vegetation variables of sites selected by nesting Tawny-bellied Seedeaters to those that were unoccupied (n = 130 plots in each group, encompassing 26 nests) using multivariate analyses and generalized linear models. Nesting sites had gentle slope, higher shrub cover, shrub height, and lower percent of bare ground in comparison to randomly sampled (unoccupied by nests) sites in the region. Also, selected nesting sites had a higher frequency of Andropogon lateralis, Saccharum angustifolium and Baccharis caprariifolia while unoccupied sites a higher frequency of Disynaphia multicrenulata, Escallonia megapotamica (small tree) and Eryngium horridum. Because Tawny-bellied Seedeaters breed mainly on dry grasslands rich in shrubs, with high density of grasses, management measures that favor this habitat structure as low-intensity grazing and moderate burning may benefit the reproduction of this species.
Naphthalene Acetic Acid Mediated Morphological and Biochemical Changes in Squash [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] Under Alkaline Stress
Authors: Nadeem Uswa Ashiq , Ali Naila , . Zaib-un-Nisa , Shah Anis Ali , Iftikhar Muhammad , Elansary Hosam O. , Sridh Shankarapp
Published: September 2024

Alkaline stress promotes ionic toxicity and ultimately reduce plant growth and yield. Cucurbita pepo is an annual plant of the family cucurbiteacea and moderately sensitive to alkalinity but limited literature is available on the use of plant growth regulators to alleviate alkali stress in C. pepo. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of foliar application of NAA (0, 50, 75, 100 ppm) on C. pepo growth, yield and biochemical parameters under control and alkaline stress conditions (0,40 mM), respectively. The results showed that, alkali stress prominently reduced the plant growth, biomass, leaves and fruit count but NAA application enhanced all growth and yield attributes both under stress and non-stress conditions. Further, alkaline stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigments but 75% NAA application increased Chl a by 43%, Chl b by 53% and carotenoids by 66% compared to only salt treated plants. In addition, a significant improvement in plant primary and secondary metabolites such as total soluble proteins by (27%), total free amino acids by (38%), total phenolics and flavonoid contents by 28% and 27%, respectively as compared to only stress treated plants. To further investigate the effects of NAA on antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase enzyme activities (POD) were calculated and results showed that alkali stress increased the enzyme activities while under the foliar applied NAA in stress conditions further enhanced these enzyme activities compared to only stress treated plants. These findings suggests the positive role of NAA exogenous application under alkali stress conditions to mitigate harmful effects of stress on C.pepo.
Variability in the dual mycorrhizal associations of tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia
Authors: Florence Luke , Rose Terry J. , Rose Michael T. , Truong Camille
Published: September 2024

Background & aims.
Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) is an economically important crop plant with a limited natural distribution in eastern Australia. Coastal and upland tea tree ecotypes have been identified based on unique shoot and root traits. Dual mycorrhization, the ability of plants to associate with both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, is particularly frequent among the Australian Myrtaceae, including Melaleuca species. However, the mycorrhizal type of tea tree is currently unknown.
Methods.
We investigated tea tree mycorrhizal associations in three coastal and two upland populations using ITS2 metabarcoding and root anatomical observations.
Results.
Our results revealed that tea tree is a dual mycorrhizal plant showing variability in root symbioses among populations. We found that ECM percentage root colonisation was significantly lower in coastal tea tree populations compared to upland populations, despite coastal tea tree populations exhibiting significantly higher levels ECM fungal richness. In contrast, we showed moderate evidence that AM richness was higher in coastal tea tree ecotypes than in upland ecotypes, yet comparable levels of AM root colonisation were observed between ecotypes. Mycorrhizal fungal community composition also differed significantly between coastal and upland plants.
Conclusions.
Our study provides evidence that tea tree is a dual-mycorrhizal species that can host AM and ECM fungi simultaneously within individual plants. Our findings suggest that environmental factors among coastal and upland sites, particularly soil drainage and nitrogen availability, can affect mycorrhizal traits in native tea tree populations.
Benzimidazole resistance-associated mutations improve the in silico dimerization of hookworm tubulin: an additional resistance mechanism?
Authors: Tenorio Jan Clyden B. , Heikal Muhammad Fikri , Kafle Alok , Saichua Prasert , Suttiprapa Sutas
Published: September 2024

Background Benzimidazole resistance is conferred by mutations in the β-tubulin genes of helminths which result in diminished drug binding with the expressed protein. The impact of these resistance-associated mutations on tubulin dimerization has not been fully explored in soil-transmitted helminths. Hence, this research aims to determine the consequences of these mutations on thein silicodimerization of hookworm α- and β-tubulins using open-source bioinformatics tools. Methods The α- and β-tubulin amino acid sequences ofAncylostoma ceylanicumwere used to predict the hookworm tubulin heterodimer fold via AlphaFold 3. Modeled complexes underwent several protein structure quality assurance checks. The complex’s binding free energies, overall binding affinity, dissociation constant, and interacting amino acids were determined. The dimer’s structural flexibility and motion were simulated through molecular dynamics. Results Benzimidazole resistance-associated amino acid substitutions in the β-tubulin isotype 1 protein of hookworms conferred alterations in tubulin dimerization. The E198K, E198V, and F200Y mutations provided the strongest and most stable binding between the α and β subunits, surpassing that of the wild-type. The opposite was observed in complexes with the Q134H and F200L mutations. The molecular dynamics simulations showed that both wild-type and mutated tubulin dimers shared similar dynamic behavior, except for slight alterations in those that have the F200L and E198K mutations. Conclusion Beyond hindering benzimidazole binding to the β-tubulin subunit, resistance-associated mutations enhance the hookworm's capacity to resist treatment through strengthening and stabilizing tubulin dimer interactions. Meanwhile, other mutations diminish the dimer’s interaction which could be to the detriment of the hookworm. Our results provide novel insights into helminth tubulin dimerization that are useful for research on new anthelmintics targeting tubulin dimerization.
On the typification of hydrological regimes in the sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Tatyana Belonenko V. , Pavel Fayman A. , Vladimir Luchin A.
Published: September 2024

Based on all available materials from deep-sea oceanographic observations and a diagnostic model for current calculations, the interannual variability of hydrological fields and the dynamics of the Sea of Okhotsk waters for "cold" and "warm" hydrological years have been discussed. The analyzed oceanographic dataset for the Sea of Okhotsk contained 101,508 stations from 1930 to 2020. The criterion for classifying the hydrological regimes of the Sea of Okhotsk is discussed, based on measurements of the water temperature of the cold intermediate layer. Despite the frequent use of the chosen criterion, we demonstrated that it is not relevant for classifying the hydrological regimes of the Sea of Okhotsk, as the contribution of salinity to the processes under consideration exceeds that of temperature by 17 times. To identify clearer distinctions in the typical circulation features of the Sea of Okhotsk, it is also necessary to consider the interannual changes in salinity in the region.
Thermal effects on the biological parameters of Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on bean
Authors: Dona Rochelyn , Satar Serdar
Published: September 2024

The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora is a polyphagous specie that has spread all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal effects on the developmental period times, longevity, and fecundity of apterous females of A. craccivora. The experiment was conducted under the effects of four temperature regimes, which are 16°C, 20°C, 24°C, and 28°C, with 65 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and a photoperiod of long-day 16:8 (L:D) h. After transferring the nymphs developed successfully until the adult stage at all temperature regimes. The developmental periods of the immature A. craccivora ranged from 10.6 days at 16°C to 5.0 days at 28°C. The nymph viability and survival were longer at 24°C than the others. However, at the constant temperature of 28°C, the death ratio was higher than others at the immature stages of A. craccivora. The lower developmental threshold for cowpea aphid was estimated at 1.77°C and 66.79 degree-days (DD) at the first instar until adult. The average longevity of adult females decreased from 22.2 days at 16°C to 10.8 days at 28°C. The net reproduction rate per female was 46.97 at 24°C and 26.93 to 28°C. The largest intrinsic rates of increase (rm= 0.367) occurred at 28°C, the smallest at 16°C (rm= 0.177). It was obvious that temperatures over 28°C provided a good development, increased-mortality at the nymphal stages, reduced adult longevity, and diminished fecundity. The optimal growth variation of A. craccivora on beans was 20°C-24°C.
Wellbeing and the lived experience of injured workers following finalisation of a workers’ compensation claim
Authors: Weir James , Fary Robyn , Lee Samantha , Mitchell Tim , Johnston Venerina , Wyatt Mary , Guthrie Robert , Myers Prof Bronwyn , Beales Darren
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Workers’ compensation claims can negatively effect the wellbeing of injured workers. For some, these negative effects continue beyond finalisation of the workers’ compensation claim. It is unclear what factors influence wellbeing following finalisation of a workers’ compensation claim. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore wellbeing through the lived experience of individuals who have finalised a workers’ compensation claim in the state of Western Australia.
Methods: A qualitative study with individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews was performed (n=20, 55% female, average claim length 22.9 months, average time since claim end 33.4 months). Claim finalisation modes included full medical recovery, claim settlement with permanent impairment, direct settlement with the insurer and settlement with the insurer facilitated by a lawyer. The interview schedule was informed by a previous scoping review and cross-sectional survey completed by this research team. Qualitative data were analysed utilising a reflexive, interpretative phenomenological analysis approach.
Results: Five superordinate and their associated subordinate themes were identified. 1) The role of support, 2) Stigma and discrimination, 3) A new normal, 4) The importance of information and 5) Recommended resources.
Conclusions: Injured workers experience a range of outcomes related to their wellbeing and employment following the finalisation of their workers’ compensation claim. Based on their experiences, resources to facilitate a transition and adjustment to life following a claim have been suggested by injured workers, including information regarding seeking employment, seeking welfare support, educational materials regarding future expectations and individualised support care packages.
Integrated proteome and pangenome analysis revealed the variation of microalga Isochrysis galbana and associated bacterial community to 2,6-Di- tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) stress
Authors: Guo Linke , Li Shuangwei , Cheng Dongle , Lu Xiao , Gao Xinying , Zhang Linlin , Lu Jianjiang
Published: September 2024

The phenolic antioxidant 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) has been detected in various environments and is considered a potential threat to aquatic organisms. Algal-bacterial interactions are crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance and elemental cycling, but their response to BHT remains to be investigated. This study analyzed the physiological and biochemical responses of the microalga Isochrysis galbana and the changes of associated bacterial communities under different concentrations of BHT stress. Results showed that the biomass of I. galbana exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing BHT concentrations up to 40 mg/L. The reduction in chlorophyll, carotenoid, and soluble protein content of microalgal cells was also observed under BHT stress. The production of malondialdehyde and the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were further determined. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that BHT caused surface rupture of the algal cells and loss of intracellular nutrients. Proteomic analysis demonstrated the upregulation of photosynthesis and citric acid cycle pathways as a response to BHT stress. Additionally, BHT significantly increased the relative abundance of specific bacteria in the phycosphere, including Marivita, Halomonas, Marinobacter, and Alteromonas. Further experiments confirmed that these bacteria had the ability to utilize BHT as the sole carbon resource for growth, and genes related to the degradation of phenolic compounds were detected through pangenome analysis.
RETRACTED: A Continuous-variable Quantum Repeater Protocol Enhanced with Multiplexing and Thermal Noise
Authors: Li Xin , Zhou Rigui , Cai Yu , Xu Ruiqing , Gao Chao , Gao Weibo
Published: September 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Gelation of liquid oil solely using the Maillard reaction-born nanoconjugates of whey protein microgel through high internal phase Pickering emulsion template: in vitro digestive lipolysis, oxidation stability, rheology, microstructure, and thermodynamic attributes
Authors: Izadi Seyed Hossein , Karbasi Mehri , Askari Gholamreza , Emam-Djomeh Zahra , Salami Maryam , Ghodrati Fatemeh
Published: September 2024

In this study, whey protein microgel (WPM) particles were glycated with inulin through the Maillard reaction in a liquid system. The high internal phase Pickering emulsion (HIPPE) formulated with WPM-inulin nanoconjugate containing the highest proportion of polyol conferred a more compact network with the smallest mean droplet size (6.43 µm), along with the highest emulsion activity and physical stability when compared to the WPM-stabilized emulsion. This outcome was attributed to the increased glycation degree, zeta potential, and surface activity of conjugates; the higher the grafting degree, the more stable the HIPPE. Macro and microstructure analyses documented that adding saccharide to WPM transformed the resulting oleogels from flowable to self-standing state. Infra-red spectroscopy indicated the development of ordered semi-crystalline structures in the polymeric conjugate-based oleogels, enhancing oil entrapment within the three-dimensional network. It was also found that exploiting the Maillard reaction led to the formation of solid gel structures with remarkable strength and textural integrity, evidenced by superior elastic modulus (G'~1.2×107 Pa), thixotropic recovery (~ 80%), hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness. This low-calorie, food-grade colloidal system was thermally stable, with high melting temperature of 172.7°C. Increasing the inulin ratio significantly suppressed oil loss by up to 13-fold and slowed down oil oxidative rancidity during storage. Additionally, free fatty acid release profiles exhibited that inulin glycation delayed in vitro intestinal lipid digestion, proved by lower maximal release amount and longer half-release time. The ability to structure liquid oil at such low biopolymer concentration, therefore, holds promise across various scientific domains, particularly among colloid scientists.
Rather than single habitat types, habitat assemblages may significantly shape avian communities in urban fringe
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Jinjin , Zhang Qiaoyong , Du Chunlan , Luo Dan
Published: September 2024

Context:
In the context of accelerated urbanization, comprehending the influence of habitat diversity and its dynamics on species is imperative for biodiversity conservation. Specifically, in urban fringe areas, the interactions among various habitat types substantially affect the composition and ecological resilience of avian communities. Nevertheless, the nuanced relationship between habitat assemblages and avian diversity remains unclear relative to studies focusing on single habitat types. Consequently, targeted research is essential to inform and enhance effective conservation practices.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the utilisation characteristics of habitat assemblages and seasonal changes in habitat assemblages by different avian communities in the urban fringe, in order to reveal the potential ecological mechanisms of habitat assemblage effects.
Methods
In Yinglong Lake Wetland Park, Chongqing, we conducted a year-long avian survey employing the line transect method, supplemented by high-resolution remote sensing imagery and field habitat survey data to classify habitat types and perform habitat mapping. Utilizing these data, we applied integrated statistical methods, including two-way clustering, to investigate the selection and utilization patterns of habitat assemblages by avian communities, with a particular focus on seasonal dynamics.
Results
The findings indicated that 60 species (60%) were present across multiple habitat types, with the greatest number of shared avian species (38) identified within the habitat assemblage of evergreen broadleaf forest (EF) and shrubbery(SH). A two-way clustering analysis categorized the avian species into 10 distinct groups, revealing significant differences in the utilization patterns of habitat assemblages among these communities. Furthermore, seasonal variation notably influenced the habitat utilization strategies of avian communities, especially during the breeding and migratory periods.
Conclusions
This study underscores the importance of diverse habitat assemblages and seasonal dynamics in supporting avian diversity in urban fringe areas. Based on our findings, we have developed targeted recommendations to enhance habitat construction and biodiversity conservation in these regions.
Evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of stress mitigation education and support delivered via telehealth for people after road traffic musculoskeletal/orthopaedic injury
Authors: Sim Alison , McNeilage Amy G , Rebbeck Trudy , Sterling Michele , Nicholas Michael , Donovan Sarah , Giummarra Melita J , Ashton-James Claire E
Published: September 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a consumer co-designed telehealth intervention which aimed to reduce claimant distress by providing pain management strategies, informational and social support to people who had made a compensation claim following road traffic musculoskeletal injury.
Methods
Eleven claimant participants who were at risk of a poor outcome completed the intervention and were interviewed about their experience (acceptability and feasibility including the use of telehealth). Clinicians who delivered the intervention also completed an anonymous feedback survey exploring their experiences delivering the intervention. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was conducted.
Results
There were four themes which broadly related to the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention as well as the perceived benefits: (1) knowledge is power, (2) healing with social connection, (3) further along than I would have been and (4) telehealth was acceptable and feasible.
Conclusion
The delivery of a co-designed telehealth-delivered stress mitigation intervention to support people with a road traffic musculoskeletal injury was feasible to deliver and acceptable to people who were at risk of a poor outcome. Further research to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention on outcomes such as pain, self-efficacy, and claims costs are needed.
Employability of Irish nutrition science graduates – a qualitative exploration of graduates’ experiences
Authors: O'Donovan Sarah , Ryan Lisa
Published: September 2024

Nutrition program graduates possess extensive knowledge, practical skills, and effective communication, but the transition from academic training to professional practice can be challenging. The study aimed to explore the employability of Irish nutrition science graduates and the use of the CareerEDGE model in developing employability. In-depth semi-structured, recorded interviews were conducted with 42 nutrition graduates from across nine universities in Ireland who had completed a nutrition science degree between 2015-2021. Interpretivism guided this study, which endeavoured to co-construct meaning with participants. Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed, whereby data were coded, themes identified and discussed by all authors. The data were further mapped against CareerEDGE model by deductively coding against the model components (experience, degree, generic skills, emotional intelligence, career development learning, and reflection and evaluation).
All components of the CareerEDGE model were identified in the data. Experience, degree, and generic skills were recognised as the components with the greatest impact on job outcomes and performance. All participants referenced both work and life experience as an influential factor in their journey to employment, providing exposure to different workplace environments and opportunities for skills development.
Irish nutrition science graduates acknowledged the significance of experience, degree knowledge, and generic skills in employability. However, further research is needed to improve career development opportunities and support, emotional intelligence, and resilience in nutrition science education.
Seismic Microzonation Studies in the Southern Part of Progo River, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Azifah Ghina Bani , Fathani Teuku Faisal , Setiawan Hendy
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThere were more than 700 earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 5 Mw over the past 100 years in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Due to the high intensity of seismic activities, it is essential to perform seismic hazard analysis by considering local site effects. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the peak ground acceleration (PGA) value based on the earthquake scenario of May 27, 2006, with a magnitude of 6.3 Mw, which occurred on the eastern side of the Opak Fault.
MethodsThe study was conducted in the southern part of the Progo River, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, using 31 boreholes and 18 microtremor measurement points. The analysis was carried out using four methods: Kanai’s (1966) equation using microtremor data, deterministic equations with Ground Motion Prediction Equations Next Generations Attenuation West 2 (GMPE NGA West 2), Kanno's (2006) attenuation equation, and probabilistic method referring to the Indonesian Seismic code.
ResultsResults indicated that the highest value of PGA was obtained using the deterministic GMPE NGA West 2 weighted attenuation equation, which varied from 0.475 g to 0.549 g. Meanwhile, Kanno's (2006) attenuation equation resulted in values ranging from 0.266 g to 0.394 g. In contrast, PGA values obtained through microtremor measurement resulted in a smaller value, in the range of 0.126 g to 0.214 g. Probabilistic analysis in the study area produces values ranging from 0.373 g to 0.450 g.
Conclusion The location on the central side of the Progo River shows a lower PGA value than the other sides. PGA values will tend to be higher at locations near the earthquake source. The low PGA value that resulted from microtremor analysis was due to the consideration of local site effects in determining earthquake parameters in the study area. Determining the seismic hazard analysis method in infrastructure planning requires a comprehensive analysis by considering various parameters, such as the planning and design objectives, the location proximity to earthquake sources, historical seismic conditions, and the presence of the local site effects.
Sedimentary regularity and ecological risk of heavy metals in Chaohu Lake sediments
Authors: Luo Wenguang , Zhang Jiantao , Lu Jing , Xia Qian , Zhu Senlin , Fan Yangzhen
Published: September 2024

One of the most commonly used methods to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in lake sediments is referring to the background values of soil. However, the background values currently used are the statistical average of the elemental contents in a given region with a large range of areas, which are not relevant for lake sediments with spatially differentiated characteristics. So far, there are few studies focusing on the diagnosis and analysis of background values of heavy metals considering lake sedimentary history. To fill the gap, this study investigated the variation in heavy metals in undisturbed core sediments across the western, central and eastern regions of Chaohu Lake. The background values of heavy metals were then deduced based on the distribution of heavy metals in sediments. The background values were used to inform the ecological evaluation methods based on weight, including the geological accumulation index (Igeo), and the improved potential ecological risk index (RI) based on chemical accumulation and toxicity unit (∑TU). A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted based on the improved RI using a large number of monitoring data. The results indicated that the improved RI based on chemical sorting identified a lower risk of 67.0% and a moderate risk of 33.0%, with Hg, As and Ni being the major contributors. The comparative analysis indicated that the probabilistic statistical method based on the improved RI can provide a more objective and scientific basis for the management of lake heavy metals pollution.
Study on Load Reduction and Vibration Control Strategies for Semi-Submersible Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Bai Dongxiao , Wang Bing , Li Yinsheng , Wang Wancheng
Published: September 2024

Independent pitch control is a crucial technology for enhancing the performance of wind turbines by effectively managing each blade to optimize power output and reduce loads. This paper explores the primary vibration modes of semi-submersible wind turbines under wind-wave coupling. Given the effectiveness of pitch control in vibration suppression, the study addresses the limitations of conventional unified pitch control. It proposes an independent pitch control method based on an equivalent wind speed model. This model simplifies the analysis of wind speed effects on blade angle adjustments, thus improving control accuracy and response speed. The equivalent wind speed model, which integrates the spatial distribution of actual wind speeds, provides an effective description of how true wind speed affects pitch angles. This approach makes control strategies more intuitive and efficient in complex wind speed environments. The proposed independent pitch control method was validated through simulations on the IEA 15MW wind turbine, demonstrating its effectiveness and performance. Experimental results indicate that the equivalent wind speed model-based independent pitch control method significantly reduces structural loads, vibrations in blades and tower, and 1P oscillations in root bending moments while maintaining stable power output. The research findings offer valuable insights for load reduction and vibration suppression control in offshore floating wind turbines.
Patterns and Predictors of Residential Indoor Water Use Across Major US Cities
Authors: Naseri Md Yunus , Bernosky Grant , Mayer Peter W. , Marston Landon T.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates residential indoor water consumption variability across 39 US cities using data from 26,441 single-family smart water meters. Employing functional data analysis and mixed-effects random forest, we identified distinct usage patterns clusters across cities, with 13 high and 6 low water-using cities (all in coastal California) differing significantly from 20 medium water-using cities. Shower and toilet use were primary drivers of indoor use differences between clusters, influenced by both behavioral and fixture efficiency factors. The presence of certain appliances, household features, and weather also affect indoor water use, with varying influence on indoor water use across clusters. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of state-level water efficiency interventions and emphasize the importance of considering both behavioral factors and appliance efficiency in conservation strategies, providing valuable insights for targeted water demand management in urban areas.
INTRACARDIAC METASTASIS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA:ABOUT A RARE CASE
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, Emile Roux Health Care Center, Le Puy-En-Velay, University of Clermont-Auvergne, France., Ibrahim Hamissou ,   Department of Cardiology, Ibn Sina Health Care Center, Mohammed-V University of Rabat., Dolores Fololou ,   Department of Cardiology, Emile Roux Health Care Center, Le Puy-En-Velay, University of Clermont-Auvergne, France., Mikael Boulot ,   Department of Cardiology, Emile Roux Health Care Center, Le Puy-En-Velay, University of Clermont-Auvergne, France.
Published: September 2024

Intracardiac metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma are rare and can be asymptomatic. They are most often discovered following an assessment of the extension of the primary lesion or during an autopsy. We report the case of a 65-year-old patient admitted for edema of the lower limbs associated with digestive disorders, in whom we discovered a right intra-atrial mass initially suggestive of a thrombus. However, an abdominal contrast tomography scan revealed in our patienta hepatocellular carcinoma, and in that context the diagnosis of an intracardiac metastasis of hepatocellular carcinomawas suggested. Given the advanced oncological stage of the tumor, the patient was treated by an anticoagulation and was referred to palliative care.
SENSE OF RELEVANCE FROM BREAKING OF ROOTS TO JOINING IN THE STORY AKA SAM
Authors:   Head of Department, Hindi Department, S.M. B. P.K Mahavidyalaya, Shankarnagar Tehsil- Biloli, Dist.- Nanded., P.M Bhumre Prof. Dr.
Published: September 2024

The stories of the 1980s, based on the ground of narrative and sensitivity, expressed feelings of disappointment towards old ideas, traditional gender relations, respect and faith. Based on the same thoughts and feelings, the story Aka Sam, written in 1982, has also been successful in expressing the disappointment of marital life, loneliness and the conflict between two generations. The story of being disappointed by the disillusionment of modernity and connecting with ones roots has been expressed through a hero named Sawan Pratap Singh, which is relevant even today.
MODELACION NUMERICA EN DOS DIMENSIONES PARA ANALISIS DE MUROS MECANICAMENTE ESTABILIZADOS UTILIZANDO MACSTARS
Authors:   Ingeniero Civil, Profesor de Ingenieria Geotecnica., Ramon Lopez Lopez Jose
Published: September 2024

For the modeling of mechanically stabilized walls, it involves performing a two-dimensional analysis through numerical methods, given the complexity of variables for their evaluation. One methodology frequently used in the field of geotechnical engineering is that of limit equilibrium, describing in the article the Macstars computer code, this allows to introduce the geometry of the wall, the main reinforcements, the type of front facing, the geomechanical properties of the different soil layers that make up the area to be evaluated, the phreatic layer, the earthquake and the way in which the voussoirs are divided according to the geometry of the slope. It becomes a complementary computational tool, in the determination of stress-strain values, where the introduction of the collected data is focused on the sequence, selection and iteration, to obtain with it, the safety factor that satisfies the conditions for the evaluation of the critical failure surface.
MISPLACED COPPER T: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
Authors:   MRMC, Kalaburagi., Rafat Khan Mubashra , Patil Bhagyashree ,   Associate Professor, MRMC, Kalaburagi., Devarmani Meenakshi ,   Professor & Head of Department, MRMC, Kalaburagi.
Published: September 2024

Worldwide, the second most popular form of birth control is Cu T because it is a long term, reversible, highly effective and cost effective contraceptive. In an international study sponsored by the WHO, the average annual failure rate of Copper T was 0.4% or less. Uterine perforation is one of the most dreaded complications of Copper T insertion. The frequency of this occurrence is estimated to be between 0.05 and 13 per 1000 insertions (average, 1.2/1000) and appears to depend on the type of device placed, the skill of the operator, position of the uterus, and intensity of follow-up. A detailed study of case was done who were admitted in our hospital. Further imaging was done and patient were diagnosed with misplaced IUD. The misplaced IUD was removed under vision with hysteroscopy or laproscopy. Minimally invasive techniques like hysteroscopy and advanced laparoscopy are ideally suited to the diagnosis and surgical management of the perforated IUD.
Relations of Kurds with Armenians (951-1150)
Authors: Biçer Bekir
Published: September 2024

The Kurds and Armenians are indigenous peoples of the Near East. Historically, Armenians resided in the Caucasus and Anatolia, while the Kurds inhabited Upper Mesopotamia and southwestern Iran. Although the places where Kurds and Armenians lived were close to each other, the question of when, where and how the relations between the two communities began has not been answered due to the lack of comprehensive research on the subject. Armenian historians were interested in Armenian-Kurdish relations in the early 9th century and conducted preliminary studies. Although some researchers, including N. J. Marr, found the Kurds to be closer to Georgians and Armenians than the Caucasian peoples, this view did not gain wide acceptance. Since the early 20th century, some Kurdish intellectuals have claimed that the two communities share the same religion, lineage, and culture, though these assertions were not supported by rigorous research. Moreover, Armenian chronicles provide limited information about any significant historical partnership between the two groups. Modern Armenian historians tend to dismiss these Kurdish claims as unreliable.
This article seeks to answer the question of when, where, and how relations between Kurds and Armenians began during the Middle Ages. As there are no extant Kurdish sources describing the early history of the Kurds, Armenian chronicles, Islamic historical sources, and the works of modern scholars were consulted. According to the evidence found in Armenian chronicles and Islamic sources, Kurdish-Armenian relations appear to have originated in the 10th century. This conclusion is based on primary source material.
Determination of the coefficient of friction in the penstock of a hydro-electric dam: Application of two approaches
Authors: Tchawe Tchawe Moukam , Nkontchou Ngongang François , Tientcheu Nsiewe Max-well , Djiako Thomas , Tcheukam-Toko Dénis , Kenmeugne Bienvenu
Published: September 2024

Several formulae of the coefficient of friction have emerged after that of Nikuradse such as the Colebrook–White formula adopted for the calculation of the coefficient of friction in penstocks. However, this requires enormous computing resources because it suffers from an implicit nature. Other authors have proposed explicit formulae for this in order to reduce calculation times and make applications easy. Among these authors, the most used are the formulae of Swamee–Jain and Haaland. In this work, we set out to study the evolution of friction on the top, bottom and side walls of a penstock using these two formulas. The objective is to find which one best characterizes the friction and gives results close to the implicit Colebrook–White formula. To carry out this work, the study was made by a numerical approach in FLUENT. It appears that the Swamee–Jain correlation gives values closer to that of Colebrook–White along the walls. On the side walls, Haaland's formula better describes the constancy of friction with a much larger range of values than Swamee–Jain. On the upper and lower walls, the friction has a linear character.
Impacts of illegal mining activities on water quality for irrigation and implications for public health: A case study of the Oda River in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Authors: Anoyege Raymond , Alatinga Kennedy A.
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated the biological and physicochemical parameters of the Oda River, including the detection of heavy metals. To achieve this purpose, a quantitative experimental research design was employed. Twenty-four water samples were taken along the Oda River from Obeng ne Obeng, Abuakwaa, and Odaso communities. The samples were analysed in a laboratory, and the results were compared to the irrigation water quality standards from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The study found that the concentration of turbidity and total suspended solids exceeded the recommended standards of FAO, while the river's pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids concentrations were within permissible boundaries. Lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and fluoride were present at concentrations lower than the recommended guidelines, whereas copper and cyanide were not discovered. However, iron concentrations exceeded the FAO guidelines. Escherichia coli concentrations in the Obeng ne Obeng were lower than the FAO irrigation standards but were higher in the Abuakwaa and Odaso. The Pearson correlation coefficient highlighted significant correlations between the physicochemical parameters. This paper concludes that unregulated mining activities may endanger vital water resources for irrigation, public health, food safety, ecosystems, and livelihoods.
Assessment of CROPWAT 8.0 model accuracy under deficit irrigation scheduling: A sustainable path toward smart water supply
Authors: Champaneri Dushyant Dipakkumar , Desai Ketan Dhirubhai , Ahlawat Timur Rampal , Shrivastava Alok , Pampaniya Nirav Karshanbhai
Published: September 2024

As the world confronts mounting challenges to water security, efficient irrigation becomes ever more critical. Escalating water scarcity challenges necessitate innovative smart irrigation solutions. This study investigates the potential of integrating deficit irrigation (DI) with the CROPWAT 8.0 model for sustainable and water-productive irrigation. This research evaluated the model's accuracy in generating DI schedules at 70% field capacity (FC) (T1) compared to schedules derived from frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) soil moisture sensors at 70% FC (T2). The results demonstrated economic viability and strong accuracy for T1 with consistently lower values of mean absolute error (3.6165 and 4.3987) and root mean square error (4.4447 and 5.5055) while compared to T2 across two years. In addition, T1 achieved significant water savings (43.47 and 45.16%) alongside higher water productivity (8.11 and 8.22 kg m−3), respectively, for both the years compared to full irrigation (FI). These findings highlight CROPWAT 8.0 model–driven DI scheduling as a promising smart irrigation approach for tackling water scarcity, offering economic benefits to farmers while promoting water security.
Water hammer protection of one-way surge tanks considering the effect of check valve
Authors: Li Pengyu , Yu Xiaodong , Chen Sheng , Chen Nan , Huang Yujie
Published: September 2024

One-way surge tanks are commonly employed as water hammer protection devices. However, the action process of the check valve is often disregarded in the design of protective measure. In this study, a one-way surge tank model incorporating a check valve was developed based on the method of characteristics. The check valve action process and different installation positions for one-way surge tanks were investigated based on an actual water supply project. The results show that, compared with the existing one-way surge tank mathematical model, the pipeline pressure calculated by the new model is smaller and the water replenishment is slower, which means that there is a safety risk based on the calculation results of the existing model. As the opening process of the check valve slows down, the pipeline minimum pressure is reduced. When the valve opening rate reaches 0.5 s, negative pressure appears in the pipeline. In addition, for undulated terrain with two obvious high points, when the first one-way surge tank is installed at the node behind the pump, the second one should be installed at the highest point to ensure that the pipeline pressure is greater than 0 m.
Pollution source characterization and evaluation of groundwater quality utilizing an integrated approach of Water Quality Index, GIS and multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Kumar Amit , Singh Anshuman
Published: September 2024

The Mid-Gangetic Plain, a vital farmland in India, faces increasing groundwater quality deterioration due to anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to assess groundwater quality and contamination sources in the region utilizing statistical methods. A total of 78 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods. The hydrochemistry analysis of samples revealed that several parameters such as Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, NO3−, F− and PO43− surpassed the limits prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The principal component analysis yielded three significant factors, explaining 68.96% variation, highlighting geogenic and anthropogenic influences on groundwater chemistry. Hierarchical cluster analysis categorized groundwater into three clusters based on the parameters with similar trends of variation. Furthermore, discriminant analysis identified four significant variables (Mg2+, F−, Cl− and NO3−) responsible for creating the distinction among the identified clusters. Hydrogeochemical categorization and multivariate statistical analyses indicated that rock–water interaction, weathering, leaching and anthropogenic activities collectively influenced groundwater quality throughout the studied region. The Water Quality Index reveals that 59% of samples have good water quality, while 41% exhibit poor quality predominantly concentrated in the south-western, south-eastern and central regions. This study demonstrates the efficacy of statistical techniques to interpret complex datasets and grasp water quality dynamics, enhancing groundwater management.
Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis by Total Flavones of Abelmoschus manihot via LncRNA AL137782-mediated STAT3/EMT Pathway Regulation
Authors: Li Qian , Zhang Hui , He Yongshan , Zhang Hao , Han Conghui
Published: September 2024

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most lethal malignancies globally, particularly
following metastasis which results in poor prognosis. In recent years, CRC incidence in China has persistently
increased. Total flavonoids (TFA) from Abelmoschus manihot, a natural compound, are recognized for
their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. However, despite extensive research into the
therapeutic potential of TFA, coverage of its role in cancer treatment is notably lacking. To address this research
void, our study aims to unveil the role and potential mechanisms of TFA in treating CRC.

Methods:

We conducted a series of experiments to assess the impact of TFA on CRC cells. Two specific CRC
cell lines, DLD-1 and HCT116, were employed in cell proliferation, colony formation, flow cytometry, and
cell migration assays. Additionally, to test the in vivo effects of TFA, we developed a nude mouse xenograft tumor
model to assess TFA's impact on tumor growth and liver metastasis. Furthermore, we meticulously analyzed
the gene expression differences between CRC cells pretreated with TGF-β and those treated with TFA
using RNA-seq technology. We also examined the molecular mechanisms of TFA and assessed the expression
of proteins related to the STAT3/EMT signaling pathway through Western blotting and siRNA technology.

Results:

Our research findings reveal for the first time the effect of TFA on CRC cells. Result shows that TFA
could suppress cell proliferation, migration, and induce apoptosis. In vivo results showed that TFA inhibited tumor
growth and liver metastasis. Molecular mechanism studies have shown that TFA exerts these effects by
upregulating the expression of non-coding RNA AL137782, inhibiting the EMT/STAT3 signaling pathway.
These results suggest that TFA is a potential candidate for mitigating CRC metastasis.

Conclusion:

However, further research is needed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of TFA
in animal models and clinical settings. These findings bring great hope for the development of innovative
CRC treatment methods.