bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulp Catholicism: Catholics in American Popular Film
Authors: Smith Anthony Burke
Published: September 2019

This chapter assays some of the roles that Catholics played in the art form/industry that shared with jazz music a distinction as the most influential American cultural product of the twentieth century. It uncovers a rich, nearly lost history of apostolic film production—launched prior to 1920—under the auspices of the Catholic Art Association. Catholic tastemakers' relatively sophisticated embrace of visual mass culture stood in marked contrast to the later heavy-handed censorship motive that was often ascribed to the church. The film industry's original production code was written in 1930 by the prominent film-friendly Jesuit and theatrical impresario Daniel Lord; in later incarnations a harsher code was enforced with gusto by a small group of highly influential laymen.
American Catholic Social Thought in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Shannon Christopher
Published: September 2019

This chapter argues that the best early twentieth-century Catholic social thinkers engaged the broader culture but were never assimilated by it. Their sacramental imaginations and openness to supernatural intervention represented a sign of contradiction against the faith-free academic social science in rapid ascent at the time. This prophetic option was especially appealing to converts, anti-modernists, and ex-radicals, but in the 1930s and 1940s it slowly found favor among a cohort of young ethnic Catholics, particularly those exposed to the Catholic Worker movement. The chapter further argues that sporadic attempts by prophetic Catholics to influence secular culture undermined the movement's spiritual foundation.
Praying in the Public Square: Catholic Piety Meets Civil Rights, War, and Abortion
Authors: McCartin James P.
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on Milwaukee priest James Groppi, who marched alongside local African American children boycotting public schools to protest racial inequality. It reaffirms that deep into the postwar era “integralism—the integration of Christian practice into all activities of one's everyday life—provided the spiritual foundation for Catholic activism.” Integral Catholics heeded the call of American Jesuit Gerald Ellard to “live ... with the life of Christ living within us.” This practice of piety changed politics, and then piety itself was changed via personal experiences of prophetic Catholicism in action. This prophetic mode became Dorothy Day's “radical” daily witness beginning in the 1930s; three decades later it approached normative status among a wide swath of Catholics from all walks of life.
Relevance of the Executive Secretary Degree of the Autonomous University of Chiriquí
Authors: Martínez Yesenia , Herrera Luis Carlos
Published: September 2019

At present, higher education institutions must take into account the changing nature of the world of work and in this sense, they must analyze the capacities and competencies demanded by graduates of the Universities, before such an unpredictable world, careers must suffer permanent changes that respond to the needs of the current labor market. That is why, in this article, we present the results of a study, which seeks to determine whether the skills acquired by graduates of the Bachelor's Degree in Executive Secretariat of the Autonomous University of Chiriquí correspond to the needs demanded by the labor market. The research is based on a mixed methodology, which enables the integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches, allowing a holistic view of the problem studied. Some of the relevant results of this study were that for employers it is essential the acquisition, command of the English language and management of modern office equipment, for the performance of secretarial work.
Understanding and Treating Iatrogenic Nerve Injuries in Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Gupta Ranjan , Patel Nilay A. , Mazzocca Augustus D. , Romeo Anthony
Published: September 2019

As surgical techniques and technology continue to advance in shoulder surgery along with the increased use of regional anesthesia, it is important to remember that iatrogenic nerve injuries remain a possible complication. Iatrogenic nerve injuries associated with shoulder surgery lead to patient disability and distress, increased healthcare costs, and possibly additional procedures. To obtain the best possible outcome for the patient after the nerve injury has been discovered, a timely appreciation of the management options is necessary rather than expectant management. Early recognition, appropriate neurodiagnostic testing, and prompt treatment or referral are mandatory for optimal outcomes.
Effects of Hydroponics Systems on Growth, Yield and Quality of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: Shongwe Lungile T. , Masarirambi Michael T. , Oseni Tajudeen O. , Wahome Paul K. , Nxumalo Kwanele A. , Gule Phumlani I.
Published: September 2019

There is dearth of information pertaining to hydroponics production of zucchini in the Kingdom of Eswatini. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of hydroponics systems on growth, yield and nutritional content of zucchini. The research was conducted in three greenhouses of the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Luyengo Campus at the University of Eswatini between July and October 2018. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design replicated four times. Three hydroponics systems were used as the main plots, i.e. elevated tray, ground lay bed and Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) systems. The sub-plots were allocated to the three varieties, i.e., Amanda, Hygreen and Terminator. The zucchini grown in elevated tray hydroponics system had the highest yield in all the varieties compared to the other hydroponics systems. The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth, yield and nutritional content of zucchini cultivars grown in the different hydroponics systems. The tallest plants (26.1cm) were obtained in cultivar Terminator grown in the elevated tray system and the highest number of leaves (15) was obtained in cultivar Terminator grown in the elevated tray system. Cultivar Terminator grown in the elevated tray system had the highest total yield (15.8 tons/ha) while Hygreen plants produced in the NFT system recorded the lowest total yield (1.04 tons/ha). There were no significant differences in the iron content of zucchini among the cultivars grown in the different hydroponics systems. The results of this study revealed that different zucchini cultivars responded differently when grown in the different hydroponics systems. Therefore based on the results of this study it is recommended that Terminator zucchini cultivar can be produced in the elevated tray hydroponics system.
The Effect of Selected Herb Extracts on Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Soldo Barbara , Nikolov Nikolina , Generalić Mekinić Ivana , Ljubenkov Ivica , Šimat Vida , Skroza Danijela , Anđelić Ivana
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different herb extracts on the oxidative stability of hemp, flax, sesame and sunflower seed oils by means of Rancimat test. The dominant phenolic acids in herb extracts were detected by HPLC, while fatty acid profiles of oils, before and after oxidation, were determined by GC-FID. As expected, autoxidation increased the content of saturated fatty acids. The sesame oil showed the longest oxidative stability (3.43 h), while the shortest induction period was obtained for the flax oil. Lemon balm and oregano extracts accelerated the oxidation of hemp and flax oil, while in all other cases the addition of extracts had a positive effect on oil oxidative stability. The best results were obtained for lemon balm extract added to sesame and sunflower oil which resulted with OSI values of 1.33 and 1.48, respectively, while extremely prooxidative activity was obtained for lemon balm extract added to the hemp oil.
Å formidle bibeltekster gjennom teikning
Authors: Sagrusten Hans Johan
Published: September 2019

Kva hender når ei bibeltekst blir teikna? Kva skjer når born og vaksne ser bibelteksta ta form framfor augo sine medan ho blir fortald? Eg har i 20 år teikna bibelhistorier som ein del av forkynninga, og artikkelen tek for seg nokre problemstillingar som er knytte til denne praksisen. Eg tek opp gevinstar ved å gje teksta eit visuelt og levande uttrykk og la ho bli noko som skjer der og då, når teikninga tek form framfor auga på tilhøyrarane. Eg ser også på moglege farar ved praksisen, som å binde tolkinga av bibelteksta eller å lukke forteljinga, og går inn på spørsmålet om det er i orden å teikne Jesus.
Introduction
Authors: McKee Kimberly D.
Published: September 2019

This chapter situates the origins of international adoption in the American military industrial complex and the localized effects of American imperialism abroad. The long-standing relationship between the United States and Korea elucidates how a single program laid the groundwork for international adoption programs across the globe. This chapter provides an overview for considering how the transnational adoption industrial complex facilitated the growth of a sustained phenomenon of globalized, social reproduction. As part of this analysis, this chapter discusses two new adoptee tropes—the adoptee killjoy and every adoptee—that were borne from the happy, grateful adoptee and angry, bitter adoptee stereotypes. The adoptee killjoy and every adoptee exist on a continuum of minor affects that arise in adoptees’ critiques of adoption practices.
Generating a Market in Children
Authors: McKee Kimberly D.
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the transnational adoption industrial complex’s origins, paying careful attention to South Korea’s lack of support for unwed mothers and low-income families and the manufacturing of orphans by orphanages and adoption agencies. Korean families’ abilities to parent are curtailed by androcentric legislation concerning Korean citizenship, societal stigma against unwed motherhood, and limitations to women’s labor force participation. Orphanages and adoption agencies facilitate adoptees’ social death in the creation of new birthdates and names, among other natal details. Adoptees are also constructed as interchangeable with documented cases of adoptees being sent in place of another child. The chapter ends with a discussion of contemporary South Korean adoption policy and government overtures to adoptees as they return to the nation that previously cast them out.
(Un)documented Citizens, (Un)naturalized Americans
Authors: McKee Kimberly D.
Published: September 2019

Adoptees’ entry to the United States represents a marked departure from the heavily regulated migration of individuals from across Asia into the nation from the period of 1875 to 1965. As derivative citizens, dependent on their white parents for entry to the nation, adoptees disrupt racial hierarchies girding American immigration legislation. They serve as a harbinger for immigration legislation changes occurring in the mid-twentieth century onward. Adoptees also demonstrate how this exceptional status becomes re-invoked in adulthood for those individuals whose parents or guardians failed to naturalize them as children. This chapter ends discussing the plight of adoptees without citizenship and adoptee deportations. This line of inquiry exposes the tensions produced by activism supporting adoptees’ retroactive citizenship when considering adoptees’ experiences against other undocumented minors.
The (Re)production of Family
Authors: McKee Kimberly D.
Published: September 2019

This chapter investigates the sexual and social reproductive disjunctures produced by international adoption as well as how this dissonance impacts the racialization of the family. Engaging scholarship concerned with queer theory and heterosexual reproduction, this chapter contends that adoptive parents of Korean children embody deviant reprosexuality, which accounts for the parents’ non-procreative sexual reproduction of the white, heteronormative family. To better understand how the adoptive family disrupts normative white and Asian American families through racial performativity, this chapter explores transraciality—the dislocation adoptees’ experience in negotiating their racial, ethnic, and cultural identities in childhood and adulthood. This concept accounts for how racial difference functions within the family, including the impact of colorblindness rhetoric on adoptees’ senses of self.
Rewriting the Adoptee Experience
Authors: McKee Kimberly D.
Published: September 2019

Adoptees’ print and online works provide a critical starting point for other adoptees as they negotiate their multiple, intersecting identities. The autobiographical narrative encourages adoptees’ assertion of what it means to be an adopted person as they create counterstories and engage in narrative repair. This chapter examines how adoptees moved from articulating their collective identities in the earliest published, adult adoptee-edited anthologies, Seeds from a Silent Tree: An Anthology by Korean Adoptees (1997) and Voices From Another Place: A Collection of Works From a Generation Born in Korea and Adopted to Other Countries (1999), to their deployment of social media to connect with one another and members of the broader Korean diaspora through an examination of adoptee hip-hop artist Dan Matthews’ YouTube series asianish (2015-2016).
Adoption in Practice
Authors: McKee Kimberly D.
Published: September 2019

This chapter analyzes thirteen adult adoptee oral histories. Oral history offers a more comprehensive lens to consider how adoptees experience the world outside of narratives found in anthologies, memoirs, or documentaries. Their voices provide a lens to create a more holistic portrait of the adoption experience filled with nuance that cannot be reduced or generalized to a singular narrative. These adoptees may not espouse happiness and gratitude about adoption all of the time nor are they all angry and ungrateful. Instead, they exist on a continuum of adoptee affects ranging from the every adoptee to adoptee killjoy. These interviews are part of this study’s wider examination of cultural authenticity and how adult adoptees trouble mainstream adoption discourse following over sixty years of infantilization and fetishization.
Conclusion
Authors: McKee Kimberly D.
Published: September 2019

This chapter traces the multi-faceted nature of adoption that not only affects institutions and governments, but also families and individuals. The connections between the macro- and micro-level politics of the transnational adoption industrial complex cannot be overlooked. The transnational adoption industrial complex is a lens to understand the rise of adoption and explore how kinship and citizenship are inextricably linked. The macro-level of adoption produces circumstances that facilitate the dissolving of biological ties in favor of adoptive ones under the rubric of “saving” children. Moreover, the transnational adoption industrial complex disciplines adoptee bodies even as adoptees challenge its norms and continued existence. Adoptees engage with mechanisms of the transnational adoption industrial complex as they negotiate their identities and their relationship with the wider adoption community.
Introduction
Authors: Weiss Sarah
Published: September 2019

The introduction outlines some of the main ideas in the book and locates the study in the context of ethnomusicological studies of religion and religious studies of music. Following Kimberly Patton, it asserts that by means of comparison, scholars empower dialogue rather than pass moral judgment or claim mastery. Comparison is a hermeneutic that reveals alternative narratives and generates new ways of understanding data. The origin of the project lies in the author’s efforts to understand the layers of religious experience and expression embedded within Central Javanese culture.
Wedding Lamentation
Authors: Weiss Sarah
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores wedding lamentation across cultures. Case studies from United Kingdom, Greece, Russia, and Northern India rely on data drawn from ethnographic studies and those from Finland, India, and Italy are historical, based on data drawn from documentary film, literature, and song. Examining similar phenomena occurring in different cultures, religions, and historical periods demonstrates the similar ways in which women’s performance at ritual events in different cultural and historical settings plays an important role in localizing world religions.
Girls’s Poetry and Social Critique at Muslim Berber Weddings
Authors: Weiss Sarah
Published: September 2019

This chapter is the first of two in-depth explorations into the history and cultural background of a single women’s traditions in which the performance context can be understood to shield women from the criticism their actions might otherwise attract. This chapter examines the poetic performances of Berber girls in Riffian communities in rural Morocco detailing the ways in which their performances offer individual girls the opportunity to speak their minds on issues and concerns that matter deeply to them and about which they cannot speak in any other context. In the process, the polemics of musical performance in Islamic contexts and feminist interpretations of some Islamic constructions of gender are explored. The ethnographic material for this chapter is drawn from the fieldwork of Terri Joseph Brint, Katherine Hoffman, and Jane Goodman.
Transgression and Tarantella among Catholic Women in Calabria
Authors: Weiss Sarah
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on two manifestations of the tarantella tradition in Catholic Southern Italy, exploring not only the connections between them but also the ways in which performance mediates the ambiguity of the social positions of the women who dance tarantella in their different contexts. The pilgrimage to the Madonna della Montagne in Polsi, Italy is described and contextualized in the history of tarantism from Saint Paul to contemporary stage performances as well as its causes and cures through the performance of tarantella music. The chapter relies on the ethnographic work of Marta Porcino, Karen Lüdtke; and Goffredo Plastino.
Feminist Networks and Diasporic Practices
Authors: Joseph-Gabriel Annette K.
Published: September 2019

In 1946 African American anthropologist and civil rights activist Eslanda Robeson undertook her second journey to Africa and her first to Central Africa. She sought to document the stories and experiences of Africans in order to counter the dominant discourse on black inferiority that she had encountered growing up in a segregated United States. Robeson’s travels came at a time when women in the African diaspora employed physical mobility as a key strategy of anticolonial resistance. Charting her movements over time, this essay examines both Robeson’s published writings and her unpublished correspondence during her seven-month journey through Central Africa. These documents reveal her engagement with the politics of race and gender in the European colonial context, often refracted through the prism of her American experience.
Stitched Networks
Authors: Cohen Stephanie Beck
Published: September 2019

This essay investigates how the art of Liberian quilters functioned in diplomatic and social contexts; that is, how women visual artists actively shaped cultural diplomacy in nineteenth and twentieth century transatlantic history. Such an examination inserts an absent historical voice--a female West African international traveler--into the corpus of black women traveling internationally in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The essay traces the development of quilting, the gentile??? Victorian art, as the Liberian diplomatic gift and asks how and why quilting retains this role after the civil war at the end of the twentieth century. By focusing on an artistic tradition absent from scholarship on Liberian material culture, this essay offers female perspectives on the establishment of a new nation.
“United, We Build a Free World”
Authors: Leslie Grace V.
Published: September 2019

A renowned educator, founder of the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW), and leader of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Black Cabinet, Mary McLeod Bethune is one of the century’s most famous African American women. This essay traces the trajectory of Bethune’s internationalism. In an era dominated by W.E.B. Du Bois and Paul Robeson, Bethune preached a vision of human rights that was deeply informed by her lifelong mission to better the lives of black women. When the Cold War descended, Bethune remade her internationalism to walk the tightrope of Cold War civil rights. Foregrounding Bethune reveals a black internationalist sphere in which women played a central role and where debates over global conceptions of “full and equal freedom” redefined the quest for equality that shaped American political development in the twentieth century.
“We’re Marching to Zion” Isaac Watts in America
Authors: Crookshank Esther R.
Published: September 2019

In 1872 Henry Ward Beecher, the most prominent American preacher of the time, claimed that hymns, particularly those of Isaac Watts, shaped Americans’ theology in a uniquely powerful way. Hymns even apart from music—read aloud, memorized, and contemplated—found a special place in the inner lives of nineteenth-century Americans closely akin to that of Scripture itself. The roots of “religious emotions” in hymnody—especially for those generations of Americans who had learned hymns from childhood—were linked to a range of theological concepts. Crookshank examines how the poetry and music associated with the towering figure of Isaac Watts has been invoked and supported in a variety of religious settings for more than two hundred years.
Bodies of Music / Songs of Magic
Authors: Ramsey Guthrie P.
Published: September 2019

Rev. John F. Watson published a tract in 1819 meant to discourage black Methodist congregants from musical practices that they obviously enjoyed but that he loathed. Despite Watson’s bias, his words provide modern-day readers with a sense of how the music sounded, its communal nature, and its in-real-time compositional techniques—with striking clarity. Unbeknownst to him, these qualities would constitute foundational principles for future music-making in black communities. Drawing on modern theorists, the Fields’s study of “racecraft,” and Sylvan’s on “the religious dimensions of popular music,” Ramsey examines a range of archival documents and images from the nineteenth century to illustrate how fresh readings can provide useful reinterpretations of what was seen in an earlier era as negative assessments of black artistry
Ferruccio Busoni and The Indians’ Book
Authors: Browner Tara
Published: September 2019

Doing ethnography with music lies at the heart of this chapter. Browner’s “Ferruccio Busoni and The
Indians’ Book” looks at the complex ethnographic transformations that affect American music beyond issues of individual identity. Between 1913 and 1915, Italian virtuoso pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni wrote three works based on transcriptions of Native American songs that he had received from Natalie Curtis, an ethnographer who was also his former theory pupil. Busoni’s use of American Indian melodies as a basis for European art music was unusual to say the least, and Browner considers his work from many perspectives.
All Our Trials
Authors: Thuma Emily L.
Published: September 2019

All Our Trials: Prisons, Policing, and the Feminist Fight to End Violence is a history of grassroots activism by, for, and about incarcerated domestic violence survivors, criminalized rape resisters, and dissident women prisoners in the 1970s and early 1980s. Across the country, in and outside of prisons, radical women participated in collective actions that insisted on the interconnections between interpersonal violence against women and the racial and gender violence of policing and imprisonment. These organizing efforts generated an anticarceral feminist politics that was defined by a critique of state violence; an understanding of race, gender, class, and sexuality as mutually constructed systems of power and meaning; and a practice of coalition-based organizing. Drawing on an array of archival sources as well as first-person narratives, the book traces the political activities, ideas, and influence of this activist current. All Our Trials demonstrates how it shaped broader debates about the root causes of and remedies for violence against women as well as played a decisive role in the making of a prison abolition movement.
Introduction
Authors: Thuma Emily L.
Published: September 2019

The Introduction provides an overview of the book’s arguments, methodology, and archive. During the 1970s, in prisons and in the “free world” outside their walls, radical women forged an organized resistance to the gendered and racialized violence of the U.S. carceral state. All Our Trials traces the making of this anticarceral feminism at the intersections of struggles for racial and economic justice, prisoners’ and psychiatric patients’ rights, and gender and sexual liberation. Drawing on extensive archival research and first-person narratives, the book explores the organizing, ideas, and influence of activists who placed criminalized and marginalized women at the center of their antiviolence mobilizations.
Lessons in Self-Defense
Authors: Thuma Emily L.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 1 demonstrates the catalytic role played by campaigns to defend women against criminal charges for killing men who sexually assaulted them in the emergence of anticarceral feminism. The cases of Joan Little, Inez García, Yvonne Wanrow, and Dessie Woods galvanized black, Latina, indigenous, and white feminists to expand the boundaries of who was considered a "political prisoner" and call attention to the coercion of women by the state. Centering the criminalization of women of color who resisted rape, feminists of color and antiracist white women critiqued criminal justice–centered approaches to violence against women and contributed to the nascent prison abolition movement.
Printing Abolition
Authors: Thuma Emily L.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 3 analyzes women’s prison newsletters as a feminist counterpublic that enabled incarcerated women to communicate with one another and with anticarceral feminist activists in the “free world.” Two newsletters, Through the Looking Glass and No More Cages, which were produced by lesbian feminist collectives from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, document prisoners’ resistance and collective action against gendered and racialized violence. Addressing the chasm between a prisoners’ rights movement focused on men’s institutions and a feminist antiviolence movement increasingly enmeshed with the carceral state, these newsletters created solidarity between criminalized women and those outside the walls.
Post-Prevention?
Authors: Fixmer-Oraiz Natalie
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines contentious public debates over the availability of emergency contraception (EC). Studying dominant news media, this chapter demonstrates how debates on over-the-counter EC fueled cultural panics over youth, abstinence, and so-called sexual purity. EC was thus discursively managed through rhetorics of “emergency” that drew on the ethos of science, relied on antiabortion cultural sentiment, and disciplined women differentially according to longstanding hierarchies of maternal worth. This chapter explores how reclassifications of EC intensified surveillance of women’s sexual and reproductive lives within homeland security culture.
A Jazz-Shaped America
Authors: Baber Katherine
Published: September 2019

Chapter 3 examines the deployment of types and styles from within the jazz idiom in Fancy Free and On the Town and how their juxtaposition may be read as a commentary on race, gender, and the democratic ideal as they were articulated during World War II. In leaning on swing jazz, Bernstein helped stage an integrated vision of American identity as African Americans and jazz musicians fought for a “Double Victory.” Using the blues in particular, Bernstein also empowered a cast of unconventional women and gave voice to desires otherwise left unspoken.
Jazz as a Rhetoric of Conflict in Symphony no. 2
Authors: Baber Katherine
Published: September 2019

Chapter 4 examines the transformation of Bernstein’s jazz idiom in Symphony no. 2: The Age of Anxiety, where it is the keystone of the narrative arch of the symphony. In the Second Symphony, Bernstein mobilizes jazz as a rhetoric of conflict instead of the symbol of shared purpose that it had been during the war. Bernstein’s use of jazz in The Age of Anxiety also confronts problems of identity, specifically the Jewish and American identities Bernstein was seeking to reconcile at the time.
“Red, White and Blues”
Authors: Baber Katherine
Published: September 2019

Chapter 6 reveals how Bernstein used the blues to parse intertwined issues of race, faith, and national identity in the developmental process of Mass and 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. As the opening rite for the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Mass questioned the notion of faith in the face of persistent violence and social injustice, from the Vietnam War to the ongoing civil rights struggle. As another politically charged work, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue drew heavily on the blues as a part of its historical pastiche. In the year of the bicentennial, Lerner and Bernstein wanted to call America to account for its ongoing failure to truly address the question of civil rights, but they were depending on a frayed black-Jewish relation for their rhetorical authority.
Conclusion
Authors: Baber Katherine
Published: September 2019

Bernstein once said that Mass, with its fervent eclecticism, was the work he had been writing all his life—perhaps only because he had yet to write Songfest. This group of orchestral songs manages to encapsulate most of Bernstein’s formal and stylistic tendencies across his career, including the various roles that jazz styles had played in his works. As such, it serves as a way to distill and reflect on the nature of Bernstein’s relationship with jazz and the development of his own jazz idiom. Jazz features prominently in two songs of the cycle—“The Pennycandystore beyond the El” and “I, Too, Sing America/Okay, ‘Negroes’”—and on the whole ...
Dancing Revolution
Authors: Smith Christopher J.
Published: September 2019

This book is a social history, theorizing participatory dance in New World public spaces as a tool that has enabled subaltern communities’ political resistance to hegemonic control. Drawing upon musicology, ethnomusicology, iconography, anthropology, dance studies, and folklore, and spanning examples from the eighteenth through the twenty-first century, it identifies recurrent strategic patterns in the music, movement, and “noise” that political minorities--including persons of color, economic underclasses, women, gays, and other resistance movements--have employed to oppose, contest, and transgress dominant cultures’ social control. The book applies multidisciplinary analytical practices to movement and sound in historical idioms, little documented by period scholarship, whose data are indirect, inferential, and reconstructive. Case studies include frontier Pentecostalism; Native American resistance; Shakerism; African American communities; the English- and French-speaking Caribbean; film and theatrical dance; the Stonewall Uprising and Chicago 1968 protests; twentieth-century noise ordinances; and punk-rock, hip hop, and twenty-first-century global protest movements. Examples in diverse media, from prose description to watercolor to film, are selected in order to showcase the consistency of these political understandings across diverse situations and to demonstrate the synthesis of analytical approaches, which this topic mandates. The book argues for understanding participatory music and motion--bodies and sound interacting in contested public spaces--as a central, intentional, effective, and recurrent resistance strategy in American social history.
Scaling Back
Authors: Fenderson Jonathan
Published: September 2019

This chapter recounts the circumstances surrounding John Johnson’s decision to discontinue Black World and terminate Hoyt Fuller. It recalls the broad national outcry and subsequent efforts by the Black intellectual community to replace the magazine with the short-lived journal First World. More than just an attempt to chronicle the life and death of a seminal Black periodical and its short-lived replacement, the chapter elucidates how these magazines’ respective trajectories embodied larger shifts and rifts among Black intellectuals and within the Black Arts movement. In recalling this history, the chapter explores the very meanings of Black intellectual community in the 1970s while paying close attention to intraracial class politics. In essence, it argues that the slow demise of Jim Crow exacerbated preexisting class (and ideological) divisions within the Black intellectual community, and these divisions, once inflamed, had a tremendous impact on Black institutions and the shape of Black intellectual praxis.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction Combined with Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Quadrupole/Q-Exactive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Main Flavor Substances in Green Tea
Authors: Qi Chen , Tianyang Guo , Jian Yao , Renyi Liao , Peng Wu , Qiong Wu , Shaotong Jiang , Yiyang Dong
Published: September 2019

Background: In order to make up for the efficacy of sensory assessment of green tea quality and taste, main flavor substances should be quantitatively characterized based on efficient extraction and frontier determination scheme. Methods: A new, relatively simple sample preparation and detection workflow has been developed for the quantification and confirmation of flavor substances in green tea by microwave-assisted extraction combined with ultra-high-performance LC and quadrupole/Q-Exactive high-resolution MS system. The method identified main flavor substances (i.e., catechins, free amino acids, and caffeine) that were the main components in the formation of tea taste. After crushing pretreatment, tea was extracted and purified simultaneously in a microwave extraction jar by matrix-dispersed solid-phase extraction. The extracting solution was determined by LC coupled to high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Results: In this study, extraction solvent and purification materials were selected, extraction temperature and time were optimized, and the amount and proportion of solid-phase extraction packing were optimized. Conclusions: The method enabled detection of multiple catechins, amino acids, and caffeine in tea by LC coupled to high-resolution Orbitrap MS, and a database of tea flavor substances was established. Highlights: The method could be used for screening and confirmation of the main flavor substances in tea as well as assisting the sensory evaluation to grade the quality of tea.
Smart Sampling and Probing: Are You Getting All the Relevant Information?
Authors: Pereira Jorge Costa , Zarzycki Paweł K
Published: September 2019

Background: Sampling (collecting) and probing (testing, measuring) are very common tasks in the analytical field, where we need to characterize a given system and complex samples. In this action, we try to ensemble maximal information related with the system under a given study, and, frequently, we may end an inefficient analytical situation. Objective: The best way to avoid “oversampling” and “overprobing” is to evaluate the number of factors and objects that may be present in a current data set. Methods: Suggested methodology in data analysis is mainly related with principal component analysis and principal object analysis. All used simulations and other controlled situations were here used to demonstrate how to retrieve the number of factors and objects present in a given data set and allow to supervise all sampling and probing process. Results and Conclusions: In this work, we explain and suggest how to use eigenvalue decomposition to access the actual number of factors and object contributions. A large pool of datasets were tested in order to assess the number of relevant features present in each dataset. Highlights: Proposed numerical approach was designed to supervise and help in sampling and probing process for the efficient analysis of complex systems such as those involving food and environmental samples.
Where Carbohydrates Were Key
Authors: Gill Kristina M. , Erlandson Jon M. , Niessen Ken , Hoppa Kristin M. , Merrick Dustin
Published: September 2019

The terrestrial ecosystems of California's islands have long been described as depauperate, with island peoples relying more heavily on marine resources and trading for plant resources with mainland neighbors. Island plant communities were decimated by more than a century of overgrazing, however, with heavy soil erosion and the introduction of non-native weeds. Since the removal of livestock, island plant communities are recovering dramatically, showing an unparalleled richness in plant taxa. Macrobotanical remains from island archaeological sites provide valuable data about plant use for the past 10,000 years, showing that island geophytes and grassland/forb fields were much more abundant and productive than previously thought. Island plants provided ample food, medicine, fuel, and raw materials for island peoples. This research has implications for understanding the archaeology and historical ecology of other islands or archipelagos where humans have heavily altered island ecosystems.
Why Translocate?
Authors: Rick Torben C. , Hofman Courtney A. , Reeder-Myers Leslie A.
Published: September 2019

Worldwide, prehistoric hunter-gatherers and horticulturalists translocated a variety of animals and plants to islands. Translocations enhanced island ecosystems, introducing animals and plants used for food or raw materials. We review recent zooarchaeology, genetics, and stable isotope data to evaluate the evidence for ancient translocations to the islands of Baja and Alta California. Native peoples likely translocated foxes, mice, ground squirrels, domesticated dogs, iguanids, and possibly skunks to some California Islands. Although some animal translocations were for subsistence or broader environmental enhancement, others were either unintentional (mice) or more closely associated with ritual and other cultural practices. The dearth of translocations tied directly to subsistence suggests that marginal island food sources were not a primary factor driving translocation.
Archaeology, Historical Ecology, and Marginality
Authors: Fitzpatrick Scott M. , Erlandson Jon M. , Gill Kristina M. , Fauvelle Mikael , Erlandson Jon M.
Published: September 2019

The California Islands provide a case study that suggests that historical depictions of many islands as marginal environments for hunter-gatherers have been exaggerated by the ecological effects of the introduction of exotic plants and animals, historically or prehistorically. The perception of island marginality is traditionally based on variables ranging from island size to remoteness, isolation, and limited resources. Located near a continent, the California Islands are neither remote nor isolated, and they now appear to have been richer in plant foods, marine resources, minerals, fuel, and freshwater, than previously believed. We discuss these issues and explore the implications for other islands around the world where similar transformations have affected views about their marginality for human settlement and sustainability.
O Brave New World
Authors: George Diane F. , Kurchin Bernice , Britt Kelly M.
Published: September 2019

This chapter introduces the concepts of identity and dissonance and the theoretical basis for their study within historical archaeology. The authors utilize previous work on practice and agency as a basis for understanding the ways that people and communities produce and reshape identities in contexts of disruption and chaos.
“The Little Stairway under the Bell”
Authors: Watson Marcus Alan
Published: September 2019

The Lott House in Brooklyn, one of the few remaining Dutch colonial farmhouses in New York City, was a place of multiple and transforming identities in encounters between persons of Dutch, English, and African descent. At one time the family was among the largest slaveholders in Brooklyn, yet they may have become abolitionists and used their house as part of the Underground Railroad. This chapter looks at the Lott family in the first half of the nineteenth century and how they fashioned and adapted their identities within the changing environment of antebellum America, particularly in relation to the people of African descent whom they owned, employed, or otherwise encountered. Making use of the built environment and archival evidence, the author argues that identity formation for the Lotts was a troubled endeavor, made difficult by the contradictory and sometimes clashing facets of their ethnic, religious, and social identities.
“El Grito de Caguana”
Authors: Diaz Rosalina
Published: September 2019

On July 25, 2005, a small group of “Taino” reclaimed the Caguana Ceremonial Center in Utuado, Puerto Rico, in the name of their ancestors. The protestors demanded, “End the destruction and desecration of our sanctuaries, sacred places, archeological sites, coaibays (cemeteries) and ceremonial centers now!” The Taino had utilized the site for years to celebrate traditional rituals, but due to changes in the center’s policies, were suddenly restricted from using the site during certain hours. For the Taino, this was the final straw in an ongoing and escalating conflict with the site managers, The Institute for Puerto Rican Culture, charged by the Puerto Rican Legislature in 1955 with the task of “conserving, promoting, enriching and disseminating the cultural values of Puerto Rico.” The result was a 17-day occupation and hunger strike that brought to the fore issues regarding Puerto Rican identity that had long lay dormant and unchallenged.
“Sacred to the Memory of Washington”
Authors: George Diane F.
Published: September 2019

This chapter begins with the exceptionalism that pervades American discourse in the twenty-first century. Proceeding from the unsettled place produced by present-day extremes of nationalism, the author traces the roots of American exceptionalism to the post-Revolutionary period and to the efforts of the upper classes to form a national identity that would unify a fragmented country while maintaining their social position. Two ceramic items from an elite merchant household—a British transferprint plate commemorating the death of Washington and a Chinese porcelain saucer displaying an American-style eagle—are the subjects of this microscalar analysis of national identity production in New York City’s South Street Seaport after the war.
On Time and Identity
Authors: Benavides O. Hugo , Kurchin Bernice
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the relationship between time and identity through an excavation of three science fiction novels set in a futuristic London or London-esque city. The interplay of past, present, and future in the production of identity is seen in the excavation of the protagonists’ lives. Each faces a personal crisis of identity that can be resolved only by excavating the past in order to navigate the present and construct the future.
Introduction
Authors: Ewing Adam , Stephens Ronald J.
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the emergence of Garveyism and notes its historical significance. It provides a historiography of Garveyism studies focused on the work of Marcus Garvey, Amy Jacques Garvey, and the United Negro Improvement Association. It also focuses on the marginalization of Garveyism within the mainstream American academy, and pays tribute to the work of African diaspora and Garveyism studies scholars who pushed back against this erasure. And it provides a roadmap for the volume by briefly introducing each of the chapters in the volume.
Garveyism Root and Branch
Authors: West Michael O.
Published: September 2019

The Garvey movement was at once an end and a beginning. Although very much a product of its time – the immediate post-World War I era – Garveyism was an end in that it summarized much of the thought and struggle of nineteenth-century pan-Africanism and black nationalism. Marcus Garvey, not so much the man as the metaphor, and the United Negro Improvement Association, not so much the institution as the inspiration, sealed up a certain tradition (which included Toussaint Louverture’s Haitian Revolution and black revivalists) in the movement for black liberation in the modern world. At the same time, Garveyism was also a beginning, casting a long shadow on contemporary and subsequent movements against colonialism and white supremacy throughout the black world, including phenomena such as the Moorish Science Temple and Rastafari. This chapter places Garveyism at the center of a narrative spanning from the emergence of pan-Africanism in the eighteenth century to the Ethiopian crisis of 1935.
“The Language of Freedom”
Authors: Blain Keisha N.
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the political ideas of women in Garveyism, based on their writings in several global black newspapes of the 1940s, including the African: Journal of African Affairs and the New Negro World. It shows how women in the Universal Negro Improvement Association, from diverse backgrounds and writing from various locales, promoted a global black liberationist vision and added distinctive voices to discourses surrounding pan-Africanism. Maintaining cultural and racial bonds with Africans throughout the African diaspora, these women skillfully used the black press—on local, national, and international levels—to endorse anticolonial politics, challenge global white supremacy, and counter negative images and stereotypical depictions of African history and culture. Yet, while committed to that mission, these black women also embraced imperialist, civilizationist, and patriarchal views that promoted some of the same ideals they rejected. Examining the largely overlooked writings of Garveyite women (such as Amy Jacques Garvey and her involvement in the Fifth Pan-African Congress) in the United States and other parts of the globe captures the richness and complexities of black nationalist women’s ideas and activism during the twentieth century.
“The Age of Unrest, the Age of Dissatisfaction”
Authors: Maynard John
Published: September 2019

Writing in the aftermath of World War I, Marcus Garvey argued, “Never before in the history of the world has the spirit of unrest swept over as it has during the past two years”. He declared the era “the age of unrest, the age of dissatisfaction”. In Australia there emerged a vibrant pan-Aboriginal political movement, typified by Fred Maynard’s Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association, intent on demanding Aboriginal rights to land, opposing the government’s removal policy, defending an Indigenous cultural identity, demanding citizenship rights, and calling for self-determination and autonomy over Aboriginal affairs. This chapter examines Aboriginal political protest during this time of global upheaval, and examines the long-forgotten influence of Garveyism and the United Negro Improvement Association in the genesis of Aboriginal political mobilization during the 1920s.
Trump Beats Florida’s Favorite Sons
Authors: Corrigan Matthew T. , Moreno Dario , Lastre Ray Anthony
Published: September 2019

This chapter dissects how a former governor (Jeb Bush) and a US senator (Marco Rubio) from Florida lost the primary election to Donald Trump. How Trump’s outsider campaign overwhelmed the early favorites in the state is explained.
Trump Territory
Authors: McKee Seth C. , Smith Daniel A.
Published: September 2019

This chapter assesses changes in presidential election returns at the Florida county level between 2012 and 2016. Florida has been a perennial swing state since 1992, and it was once again a toss-up in 2016 when Republican Donald Trump narrowly defeated Democrat Hillary Clinton. We show that, with respect to density, Democratic presidential nominees fare much better in Florida’s most urban counties whereas Republican candidates are much stronger in the greater number of counties with less metropolitan population.