bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypercalcemia and cancer: Differential diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Zagzag Jonathan , Hu Mimi I. , Fisher Sarah B. , Perrier Nancy D.
Published: September 2018

Incidentally detected hypercalcemia usually presents in an indolent manner and is most likely caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. In contrast, hypercalcemia in the patient with a history of cancer presents in a wide range of clinical settings and may be severe enough to warrant hospitalization. This form of hypercalcemia is usually secondary to hypercalcemia of malignancy and can be fatal. Hypercalcemia of malignancy is most commonly mediated by tumoral production of parathyroid hormone–related protein or by cytokines activating osteoclast degradation of bone. The initial workup, differential diagnoses, confirmatory laboratory testing, imaging, and medical and surgical management of hypercalcemia are described in the patient with cancer.
Cell-Free DNA Methylation of Selected Genes Allows for Early Detection of the Major Cancers in Women
Authors: Nunes Sandra , Moreira-Barbosa Catarina , Salta Sofia , Palma de Sousa Susana , Pousa Inês , Oliveira Júlio , Soares Marta , Rego Licínio , Dias Teresa , Rodrigues Jéssica , Antunes Luís , Henrique Rui , Jerónimo Carmen
Published: September 2018

Background: Breast (BrC), colorectal (CRC) and lung (LC) cancers are the three most common and deadly cancers in women. Cancer screening entails an increase in early stage disease detection but is hampered by high false-positive rates and overdiagnosis/overtreatment. Aberrant DNA methylation occurs early in cancer and may be detected in circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA), constituting a valuable biomarker and enabling non-invasive testing for cancer detection. We aimed to develop a ccfDNA methylation-based test for simultaneous detection of BrC, CRC and LC. Methods: CcfDNA from BrC, CRC and LC patients and asymptomatic controls were extracted from plasma, sodium-bisulfite modified and whole-genome amplified. APC, FOXA1, MGMT, RARβ2, RASSF1A, SCGB3A1, SEPT9, SHOX2 and SOX17 promoter methylation levels were determined by multiplex quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Associations between methylation and standard clinicopathological parameters were assessed. Biomarkers’ diagnostic performance was also evaluated. Results: A “PanCancer” panel (APC, FOXA1, RASSF1A) detected the three major cancers with 72% sensitivity and 74% specificity, whereas a “CancerType” panel (SCGB3A1, SEPT9 and SOX17) indicated the most likely cancer topography, with over 80% specificity, although with limited sensitivity. Conclusions: CcfDNA’s methylation assessment allows for simultaneous screening of BrC, CRC and LC, complementing current modalities, perfecting cancer suspects’ triage, increasing compliance and cost-effectiveness.
Nonpoint Pollution Source-Sink Landscape Pattern Change Analysis in a Coastal River Basin in Southeast China
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zheng Qiong , Zhou Lin , Wei Jiawei
Published: September 2018

Analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of source-sink landscape pattern change in river basins is crucial for managing and controlling nonpoint source pollution. This study investigated the landscape pattern changes in Jiulong River basin from 1990 to 2015. A random forest classifier combined with texture and spectral information was applied to interpret the multi-temporal Landsat images. Landscape metrics were calculated to quantify the landscape at the patch level. Transition matrixes were derived for analyzing the conversion among different landscape types. It is notable that the largest values of the number of patches and patch density of residential land appeared in 2005, indicating the highest degree of fragmentation over this time period. The percentage of landscape for forestland was always higher than 71%, and the percentage of residential land increased from 7.42% to 14.55% during the last three decades, while unused land decreased from 5.3% to 2.8%. The downward trend of DO and the upward trend of NH3-N and TP indicate the deterioration of water quality during 2005–2015. The quantitative monitoring data of water quality indicators in Hua’an and Xiamen sites in Jiulong River basin are shown. The percentage of landscape of cultivated land increased during 2005–2010, which was consistent with the change tendency of NH3-N. Transition matrixes showed that the main changes occurred when forestland and unused land were transformed to residential land and cultivated land over the last three decades. Analysis results demonstrated a higher extent of landscape fragmentation and an unsustainable transition among source-sink landscapes.
Assessment of the Multi-Objective Reservoir Operation for Maintaining the Turbidity Maximum Zone in the Yangtze River Estuary
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Peifang , Wang Chao , Wang Xun , Hu Bin
Published: September 2018

The construction of multifunction reservoirs is important for flood control, agriculture irrigation, navigation, and hydropower generation, but dam construction will inevitably affect the downstream flow and sediment regimes, which can cause some environmental and ecological consequences. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a framework for assessing the multiobjective reservoir operation model based on environmental flows for sustaining the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) requirements in the turbidity maximum zone (TMZ). The Yangtze River Estuary was used as a case study. Through using an analytical model, a quantitative correlation between SSC and water flow rate was established. Then, the quantitative correlation and the SSC requirements were applied to determine the environmental flows for the estuarine TMZ. Subsequently, a multiobjective reservoir operation model was developed for the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), and an improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III based on elimination operator was applied to the model. An uncertainty analysis and a comparative analysis were used to assess the model’s performance. The results showed that the proposed multiobjective reservoir operation model can reduce ecological deficiency under wet, normal, and dry years by 33.65%, 35.95%, and 20.98%, with the corresponding hydropower generation output lost by 3.37%, 3.88%, and 2.95%, respectively. Finally, we discussed ecological satiety rates under optimized and practical operation of the TGR in wet, normal, and dry years. It indicated that the multiobjective-optimized runoff performs better at maintaining the TMZ in the Yangtze River Estuary than practical runoff. More importantly, the results can offer guidance for the management of the TGR to improve the comprehensive development and protection of the estuarine ecological environment.
Effect of Epoxy Adhesive on Nugget Formation in Resistance Welding of SAE1004/DP600/DP780 Steel Sheets
Authors: Zhao Yixi , Zhang Yansong , Lai Xinmin
Published: September 2018

This study focused on the nugget formation in resistance welding of three dissimilar steel sheets influenced by different types and thicknesses of epoxy adhesive. An improved finite element model was employed to estimate the temperature distribution in three-sheet weld-bonding and was validated by the metallographic tests. Results showed that the weld initiation time and corresponding nugget size for weld-bonds would be earlier and larger than that of resistance spot welds in term of the same welding parameters. Compared to the adhesive Betamate Flex, the weld-bonding joint of three-sheets with adhesive Terokal 5089 would have a greater increment of the weld nugget sizes due to the increase of the static contact resistance brought by the interfaces between the steel sheets. However, the bond line thickness of the previously mentioned adhesive would take little effect on the weld sizes in weld-bonding of three dissimilar steel sheets.
Development of Alkaline-Activated Self-Leveling Hybrid Mortar Ash-Based Composites
Authors: Tambara Júnior Luís Urbano Durlo , Cheriaf Malik , Rocha Janaíde Cavalcante
Published: September 2018

This study investigated the reactivity properties of self-leveling hybrid alkali-activated cements, such as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and its residual precursors, coal bottom ash (BA), and rice husk ash (RHA). Due to the relatively low reactivity of BA, binary mixes were produced with OPC using contents of 2.5–30% in the treated BA samples. Furthermore, ternary mixes were prepared in proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75% with RHA as a replacement material for the OPC (mix with 90%:10% BA:OPC). For all of the mixes the spreading behaviors were fixed to obtain a self-levelling mortar, and dimensional changes, such as curling and shrinkage, were performed. Mortars with 30% OPC reached a compressive strength of 33.5 MPa and flexural strength of 7.53 MPa. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to indicate the formation of N-A-S-H and a (N,C)-A-S-H gel, similar to the gel with trace of calcium. The best performance was achieved when the binary mix produced 10% OPC. A hybrid mortar of OPS-BA presented 10 times lower susceptibility to curling than an OPC mortar. The results showed that both ashes reduced the shrinkage and curling phenomena.
Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Ultrasonic Joints Using Cu Interlayer
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ao Sansan , Oliveira Joao Pedro , Zeng Zhi , Huang Yifei , Luo Zhen
Published: September 2018

NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a class of functional materials which can be significantly deformed and recover their original shape via a reversible martensitic phase transformation. Developing effective joining techniques can expand the application of SMAs in the medical and engineering fields. In this study, ultrasonic spot welding (USW), a solid-state joining technique, was used to join NiTi sheets using a Cu interlayer in between the two joining sheets. The influence of USW process on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical behavior of the NiTi joints was investigated. Compared with conventional fusion welding techniques, no intermetallic compounds formed in the joints, which is extreme importance for this particular class of alloys. The joining mechanisms involve a combination of shear plastic deformation, mechanical interlocking and formation of micro-welds. A better bonding interface was obtained with higher welding energy levels, which contributed to a higher tensile load. An interfacial fracture mode occurred and the fracture surfaces exhibited both brittle and ductile-like characteristics with the existence of tear ridges and dimples. The fracture initiated at the weak region of the joint border and then propagated through it, leading to tearing of Cu foil at the fracture interface.
Polymeric Nanocomposites and Nanocoatings for Food Packaging: A Review
Authors: Vasile Cornelia
Published: September 2018

Special properties of the polymeric nanomaterials (nanoscale size, large surface area to mass ratio and high reactivity individualize them in food packaging materials. They can be processed in precisely engineered materials with multifunctional and bioactive activity. This review offers a general view on polymeric nanocomposites and nanocoatings including classification, preparation methods, properties and short methodology of characterization, applications, selected types of them used in food packaging field and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, biological, biocatalyst and so forth, functions.
Estimation of Above-Ground Biomass over Boreal Forests in Siberia Using Updated In Situ, ALOS-2 PALSAR-2, and RADARSAT-2 Data
Authors: Stelmaszczuk-Górska Martyna A. , Urbazaev Mikhail , Schmullius Christiane , Thiel Christian
Published: September 2018

The estimation of above-ground biomass (AGB) in boreal forests is of special concern as it constitutes the highest carbon pool in the northern hemisphere. Particularly, monitoring of the forests in the Russian Federation is important as some regions have not been inventoried for many years. This study explores the combination of multi-frequency, multi-polarization, and multi-temporal radar data as one key approach to provide an accurate estimate of forest biomass. The data from L-band Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2 (ALOS-2) Phased Array L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar 2 (PALSAR-2), together with C-band RADARSAT-2 data, were applied for AGB estimation. Backscatter coefficients from L- and C-band radar were used independently and in combination with a non-parametric model to retrieve AGB data for a boreal forest in Siberia (Krasnoyarskiy Kray). AGB estimation was performed using the random forests machine learning algorithm. The results demonstrated that high estimation accuracies can be achieved at a spatial resolution of 0.25 ha. When the L-band data alone were used for the retrieval, a corrected root-mean-square error (RMSEcor) of 29.4 t ha−1 was calculated. A marginal decrease in RMSEcor was observed when only the filtered L-band backscatter data, without ratio and texture, were used (29.1 t ha−1). The inclusion of the C-band data reduced the over and underestimation; the bias was reduced from 5.5 t ha−1 to 4.7 t ha−1; and a RMSEcor of 30.2 t ha−1 was calculated.
Gröbner-Shirshov Bases for Temperley-Lieb Algebras of Complex Reflection Groups
Authors: Lee Jeong-Yup , Lee Dong-il , Kim SungSoon
Published: September 2018

We construct a Gröbner-Shirshov basis of the Temperley-Lieb algebra T ( d , n ) of the complex reflection group G ( d , 1 , n ) , inducing the standard monomials expressed by the generators { E i } of T ( d , n ) . This result generalizes the one for the Coxeter group of type B n in the paper by Kim and Lee We also give a combinatorial interpretation of the standard monomials of T ( d , n ) , relating to the fully commutative elements of the complex reflection group G ( d , 1 , n ) . More generally, the Temperley-Lieb algebra T ( d , r , n ) of the complex reflection group G ( d , r , n ) is defined and its dimension is computed.
Pleurs des bébés en question(s)
Authors: Petit-Mielet Agnès
Published: September 2018

Professionnels de la petite enfance, parents, futurs parents ou grands-parents prendront un réel plaisir à la lecture de cet article qui, dans un style fluide et touchant, apporte un regard nouveau sur les raisons des pleurs des bébés, et les manières d’y réagir. Par sa réflexion, l’auteure apporte également aux psychothérapeutes d’adultes une compréhension intéressante de l’origine de certaines difficultés émotionnelles des enfants et des adultes. B.E.
Les enfants et leurs monstres : traumatisme infantile et analyse transactionnelle
Authors: Morena Stefano , Blondel Agnès
Published: September 2018

Cet article propose des réflexions sur la manière de travailler avec des enfants qui apportent leurs monstres en thérapie grâce au jeu, au dessin et au récit (D.M Poda, 2011). L’auteur s’appuie sur les théories d’analyse transactionnelle du traumatisme (P. Clarkson, 1990 ; J. Stuthridge, 2006) et du scénario pour conceptualiser ce qu’il pourrait se passer pour ces enfants au niveau de l’état du moi structural. En insistant sur l’importance de la relation thérapeutique, il décrit une approche visant à restructurer les états du moi en utilisant le transfert, les contrats, les opérations thérapeutiques d’É. Berne et l’autoparentage. Des exemples de cas montrent comment conceptualiser la relation qu’entretient l’enfant avec son ou ses monstres, comment le thérapeute peut les rencontrer et comment les apprivoiser.
Défi et potentiel de l’âge numérique : les jeunes et Internet
Authors: Evans Sally , Blondel Agnès
Published: September 2018

Cet article propose des réflexions sur l’utilisation que font les jeunes du cyberespace et sur le rôle que les réseaux sociaux et les liens créés dans le cyberespace jouent dans leur développement. L’auteure définit un modèle de travail qui repose sur le diagnostic des états du moi et sur le modèle du self de Hargaden et Sills (2006), auquel elle a recours pour comprendre comment répondre cliniquement à ces adolescents dans leur engagement avec l’e-thérapie et comment les soutenir. Elle aborde certaines des complexités créées par le travail en ligne, liées aux questions d’anonymat, de confidentialité et de protection de l’enfance, afin de souligner que le cyberespace présente un paradoxe de défis et de potentiels.
La construction d’un outil de contrôle de gestion innovant dans l’économie sociale et solidaire : le cas de la fondation Apprentis d’Auteuil
Authors: Bollinger Raedersdorf Sophie
Published: September 2018

Dans le secteur de l’économie sociale et solidaire, les structures se professionnalisent et la concurrence s’intensifie. Une nécessité de pilotage apparaît. Toutefois, les outils des organisations capitalistiques ne sont pas adaptés à ces structures lorsqu’ils sont directement répliqués dans ce secteur. Des tensions existent entre pilotage et objectifs sociaux et solidaires. Cet article propose de solliciter la théorie de l’attention pour réconcilier deux logiques qui semblent différentes et construire un outil innovant qui soit pertinent à ce secteur, accepté et utilisé par les acteurs au sein des organisations. CODES JEL : M40
Perception de l’usabilité des outils d’innovation : le biais du genre dans l’utilisation du business model canvas
Authors: Lima Marcos , Baudier Patricia , Boufaden Najoua
Published: September 2018

Peu d’études ont porté sur l’impact du genre dans l’usabilité des outils d’innovation. Cet article analyse l’expérience d’utilisation du Business Model Canvas (BMC) par 204 étudiants inscrits à une formation entrepreneuriale afin d’identifier les bénéfices perçus du BMC en prenant en compte le genre. L’analyse des données avec la technique des Moindres Carrés (PLS) montre que les hommes sont plus sensibles aux bénéfices fonctionnels, pendant que les femmes sont ouvertes à d’autres bénéfices comme le potentiel créatif de l’outil. Ces résultats confirment l’intérêt de la diversité du genre dans les équipes d’innovation : les groupes mixtes tendraient à prendre en considération à la fois le biais masculin de la performance et le biais féminin lié aux aspects subjectifs de l’outil. Plus de diversité pourrait donc amener à une utilisation plus équilibrée des bénéfices fonctionnels et cognitifs du BMC dans les équipes innovantes et les groupes de création d’entreprises. Codes JEL  : D83, L26, O33
Tous les « terroristes » sont de Majengo, à Nairobi : spatialités contestées du « terrorisme » dans les discours anti-radicalisation au Kenya
Authors: Wario Halkano Abdi , Baillot Hélène , Botiveau Raphaël
Published: September 2018

Au Kenya, certains quartiers de Nairobi et de Mombasa sont considérés comme des espaces de radicalisation, de recrutement, de menaces terroristes. La construction délibérée de ces zones en territoires d’insécurité urbaine est un phénomène pour lequel organisations non gouvernementales, agences de donateurs et appareils de sécurité publics et privés jouent un rôle essentiel, par le biais de stratégies antiterroristes communément appelées Countering Violent Extremism (Combattre l’extrémisme violent, CVE). Prenant Majengo, un quartier pauvre de Nairobi, comme cas d’étude, cet article interroge la manière dont l’histoire de cette périphérie et sa représentation actuelle comme point chaud du « terrorisme » sont ancrées dans la planification urbaine ségréguée datant de la colonisation, les déplacements indigènes et le développement de Majengo en un lieu de prostitution, de violence de gangs urbains et d’indigence bien avant que (la guerre contre) le terrorisme n’arrive au Kenya dans les années 1990. Cet article explore la manière dont médias et acteurs institutionnels ont créé et soutenu ce récit du terrorisme. Il interroge enfin les voies par le biais desquelles les populations dites suspectes de ces quartiers tentent de renégocier et d’imaginer leurs espaces de vie quotidiens face à l’industrie des CVE qui fait de leur foyer et de leur quartier des pépinières du terrorisme.
Musiciens rebelles ou musiciens pour la paix ? Orchestrer le Mali à travers les performances musicales du conflit
Authors: Amico Marta
Published: September 2018

Dans cet article, deux projets musicaux organisés pendant le début de l’intervention militaire française au Mali permettent de questionner la politisation des scènes musicales maliennes qui a accompagné l’éclatement du conflit armé en 2012. D’abord, il s’agit de considérer le rôle des interactions musicales dans la fabrication d’idéaux, souvent contrastés, de la paix et de la réconciliation nationale. Ensuite, les projets permettent de mieux comprendre les zones d’ombre des représentations de la paix, et notamment la place ambigüe qu’occupent les musiciens touaregs, considérés tantôt comme porte-voix des « rebelles », tantôt comme des garants du vivre ensemble national. Enfin, l’articulation de représentations ethniques, nationales et globales permet d’observer la construction de marqueurs identitaires contradictoires qui traversent la nation malienne sous l’empreinte du conflit.
Responsabilité sociétale de l’entreprise : une étude de la nature et de la valeur perçues des ressources mobilisées dans trois entreprises du secteur de l’imprimerie
Authors: Da Fonseca Marie , Bonneveux Élise
Published: September 2018

Cette recherche exploratoire porte sur les ressources mobilisées par les entreprises pour mettre en œuvre une démarche responsable. Notre objectif est de sortir de l’analyse des success story d’entreprises pour proposer une grille d’intelligibilité des divergences d’approches en vigueur dans les entreprises d’un même secteur. Plus particulièrement, nous nous intéressons à la nature et à la valeur des ressources sollicitées tout en en questionnant les différences de perception en fonction de la stratégie de l’entreprise. Nous présentons les résultats d’une étude de cas menée dans trois imprimeries familiales. La collecte des données s’est appuyée sur une série de trois entretiens semi-directifs par entreprise avec les dirigeants et le recueil de données secondaires. Nous avons ensuite procédé à une analyse de contenu thématique. Nos résultats font principalement ressortir qu’une même ressource peut être perçue différemment en fonction du contexte et des acteurs qui la mobilisent. Ils débouchent sur la proposition d’une modélisation du processus de construction de la valeur d’une ressource sollicitée dans le cadre d’une démarche de responsabilité sociétale de l’entreprise (RSE).
Hagiographie et mise en prose au xiii e siècle. L’exemple de Barlaam et Josaphat
Authors: Lambert Adélaïde
Published: September 2018

It is rare to find French sources in verse for lives of the Saints written in vernacular prose in the 13 th  century. This study of the reworking of the anonymous version in verse of Barlaam et Josaphat focuses on the way such productions may have handled their models and integrated certain characteristics of the verse into the prose form. From the perspective of narrative economy, the quantitative relationship that the reworking of Barlaam has with its source makes it possible to determine the rewriter’s interventions and to shed light on part of the relationship between these two versions and the Latin Historia ( B.H.L. 979). Starting from the distinction between mise en prose and dérimage , this paper then focuses on the techniques used to create writing that promotes an esthetic of compromise between fidelity to the source text and intelligibility of the target text. From that perspective, rewriting becomes a process of appropriation of an earlier text as well as a literary language in development, notably in leaving the preexisting verse tradition behind.
Politics and Street Trading in Africa: Developing a Comparative Frame
Authors: Brown Alison , Mackie Peter
Published: September 2018

Street trading is ubiquitous in African cities, but despite research over the last 40 years, there has been relatively little analysis of the political factors that influence the street economy. It is thus timely to examine the broader political landscape of street trading and its influence on the operations and vulnerabilities of street trade. The paper first frames concepts of street trade and the street economy, and briefly examines the political landscape in Africa. It then develops and tests an exploratory framework through which to examine the relationship of politics to street trade across three broad areas: colonial legacy and politics across borders, the top-down politics of state repression and accommodation, and the bottom-up politics of trader organisation and voice. The paper draws on extensive research by the authors in Africa and published papers to examine how history, culture and religion, governance and politics have influenced the operation of street trading across Africa today. The paper concludes that each axis of the proposed tripartite framework has merit, but that many gaps exist in understanding the relationship between politics and street trade in Africa.
Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) re-established in a formerly acidified and highly dilute mountain lake under declining acidic deposition
Authors: Hesthagen Trygve , Saksgård Randi
Published: September 2018

Arctic charr in Lake Ronvatn, a mountain lake in southern Norway was re-established through stocking. The population went extinction during the early 1980s due to acidification, when the lake was highly acidified with a mean pH of 5.2-5.4 with occasional declines to 4.3-4.7. However, from the mid to late 1990s, the pH and acid-neutralising capacity (ANC) of the lake rose to 5.8-5.9 and 13-15 µeq L-1, respectively. The lake is extremely dilute with a mean conductivity and calcium concentration of 7.7 µS cm-1 and 0.35 mg L-1, respectively. The lake was stocked with 250 Arctic charr from a neighbouring lake between 1998 and 2000. These introductions were highly successful, as test-fishing in 2004, 2008 and 2012 revealed a relatively dense population of Arctic charr, and the presence of several young age groups. Water quality has remained stable since the late 1990s, or has slightly improved.
Development of Gluten-Free Egg Pasta based on Amaranth, Maize and Sorghum
Authors: Paux Laura , Rosentrater Kurt A.
Published: September 2018

Due to increase of the population affected by Coeliac disease and awareness of consumers about the relationship between food and health, the production of cereal products from raw materials other than wheat is of interest. The aim of the work was to produce good quality gluten-free spaghettis, based on sorghum, amaranth and maize flour. Response surface methodology was applied to determine optimal formulation for the production of pasta. The resulting products of the experimental design were characterized regarding humidity, color, density, water activity, texture (firmness and elasticity), optimal cooking time, cooking weight, and cooking loss. The main trials were compared to two industrials gluten-free spaghetti. The results showed that water activity and cooking weight of the main trials were similar to the industrials pasta, but were really different for the other studied parameters. The optimal formulation was determined in order to obtain pasta with low cooking loss and optimal color and texture firmness. It utilized 12% egg white, 60% maize flour, 30% sorghum flour, 10% amaranth flour, 2.4% guar gum and 36% water. The optimal formulated pasta was evaluated by an untrained consumer panel in a sensorial analysis to show the consumer acceptance. The product presents nutritional benefits, the color was appreciated, but the texture was granular and crumbly which was not liked by the consumers.
The threat of cyber attacks in urban conurbations
Authors: Bachor Marta
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the threat of cyber attacks in urban conurbations. The first section
attempts to define cyberspace and to identify potential objects of attack in the city. The
second section analyses the history of past cyber attacks, and the final section gives an
overview of activities performed by states and organisations with a view to countering and
eliminating cyber threats.
Increasing operational capabilities of NATO in the face of modern challenges and threats
Authors: Grenda Bogdan
Published: September 2018

This paper explores the issue of improving NATO’s operational capabilities. The initial
sections overview changes that have already been introduced and are expected in the
international security environment in the forthcoming years. This perspective is subsequently
adopted to identify the present developments in the strategic concepts of NATO with the
view to formulation of appropriate operational capabilities of the North Atlantic Treaty.
Beyond Bach
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

This book investigates the musical life of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Germany from the perspectives of those who lived in it. The men, women, and children of the era are treated here not as extras in the life of a famous composer but rather as protagonists in their own right. The primary focus is on keyboard music, from those who built organs, harpsichords, and clavichords, to those who played keyboards recreationally and professionally, and those who supported their construction through patronage. Examples include: Barthold Fritz, a clavichord maker who published a list of his customers; Christiane Sibÿlla Bose, an amateur keyboardist and close friend of Bach’s wife; the Countesses zu Epstein, whose surviving library documents the musical interests of teenage girls of the era; Luise Gottsched, who found Bach’s music less appealing than that of Handel; Johann Christoph Müller, a keyboard instructor who fell in love with one of his aristocratic pupils; and Carl August Hartung, a professional organist and fanatical collector of Bach’s keyboard music. The book draws on published novels, poems, and visual art as well as manuscript account books, sheet music, letters, and diaries. For most music lovers of the era, J. S. Bach himself was an impressive figure whose music was too challenging to hold a prominent place in their musical lives.
A Dark-Haired Dame and Her Scottish Admirer
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

Chapter four uses the travel diary of James Boswell, a Scottish aristocrat and future biographer of Samuel Johnson, as the basis for a discussion of how keyboard music figured in courtship. Women were generally expected to remain passive in courtship, as revealed by novels, poems, paintings, and self-help manuals. The keyboard offered a means of showcasing talents for suitors and also a kind of innoculation against more nefarious entertainments during the vulnerable years before marriage. Some women, however, employed music making in a multivalent manner. Boswell’s flirtations with the daughter of Berlin’s city council president, Caroline Kircheisen, offer a vivid case in point. Her late-night harpsichord performances for Boswell expressed the exact opposite of what he wanted them to mean.
A Marriage Rooted in Reason
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

Chapter six presents a case study of one of the most famous and influential academic couples of the era: Johann Christoph and Luise Adelgunde Viktorie Gottsched. In addition to Frau Gottsched’s successful career as an author, she was also an avid amateur musician. For much of her life, keyboard and lute playing served as a means of expressing optimism that human beings could improve themselves and the world around them by cultivating their unique rational faculties. In later years, as her relationship with her husband began to fray, her faith in rationalist philosophy suffered, and she endured a crisis of both body and spirit. This chapter presents an account her musical activities within the framework of her courtship and marriage. Though Bach was a neighbor and collaborator, the Gottscheds seem to have preferred the music of other composers.
A Blacksmith’s Son
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

Chapter eight presents a case study of music in daily life based on the manuscript autobiography of Johann Christian Müller from Stralsund. Müller grew up playing the keyboard recreationally and it became a focal point of his social life while he was studying at the university in Jena. He used his abilities at the keyboard to cultivate and maintain relationships with his friends, landlords, patrons, and other acquaintances. Music making also featured prominently in his later years as a house tutor in Eixen, where he cultivated an intimate relationship with Lotchen von Lillieström, one of the daughters of the aristocratic family he served. The keyboard lessons he offered became the primary basis for their spending time together and led to considerable controversy within the household and beyond.
May God Protect This Beautiful Organ
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

In chapter nine, Gottfried Silbermann’s construction of a new organ in the small town of Rötha serves as a case study of such projects, which were undertaken frequently in Bach’s Germany. Its unveiling in 1721 was celebrated with a performance led by Johann Kuhnau, Bach’s predecessor as Cantor of St. Thomas. Impressive organs like the one built in Rötha were spectacular feats of engineering and artistry. Such instruments were among the most complicated pieces of technology in existence and there was something promethean about the work of Silbermann and other organ builders: their work came as close as human beings ever did to fabricating fellow living creatures. As a result, organs often figured in the analogies of philosophers of the era, particularly those who sought to preserve a distinction between the physical (organ) and metaphysical (organist).
The Daily Life of an Organist
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

Chapter eleven presents a case study of a professional organist named Carl August Hartung whose everyday life is unusually well documented by an account book he kept for thirteen years, from the age of twenty-nine to the age of forty-two. Analysis of his financial transactions reveals the minutiæ of his everyday life. It documents not only the food, clothing, furniture, books, and music that he purchased but also the subtlety of his social network of students, colleagues, patrons, family members, and friends. Hartung’s account book illuminates how professional musicians of Bach’s time achieved financial stability by performing, composing, copying music, selling instruments, and teaching both musical and non-musical subjects.
Conclusion
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

The conclusion of Beyond Bach affirms the principle that music is not an object but rather a means by which human beings relate to one another. In Bach’s Germany, those who heard keyboard performances listened not only to the notes and rhythms themselves but also for what they revealed about the character of those who played them. While keyboards were regarded by Bach’s contemporaries as having a civilizing effect, the innocence with which they were associated often veiled more controversial activities. Bach himself was universally admired for his extraordinary skills but many listeners found his music frustrating for its challenges. For a relatively small group of connoisseurs, however, his work embodied the noble ideal that music could do more than entertain.
Introduction
Authors: Valerio-Jiménez Omar , Vaquera-Vásquez Santiago , Fox Claire F.
Published: September 2018

This chapter provides a brief overview of the history, placemaking, and cultural contributions of Latinas/os in the Midwest. It traces the migration and presence of Latinas/os in the Midwest for over a century to illustrate their social, cultural, and economic contributions. Latina/o demographic growth has spurred their presence in educational and cultural institutions throughout the region. In addition to changing urban environments, Latinas/os have staked a place in rural Midwestern communities and contributed to the growth of dual-language immersion programs, the revitalization of small towns, and a Latino influence on businesses, institutions, and culture.
Conversations across “Our America”
Authors: Mendoza Louis
Published: September 2018

This essay examines how Latinoization, the cultural and social change resulting from the profound demographic shifts of Latino birthrate and migration, has created a new cultural geography in the Midwest. The project draws on original oral histories from Latina/o citizens and new immigrants, as well as non-Latino cultural mediators who have grappled with the challenges to social and economic integration resulting from real and perceived cultural differences. It discusses many examples where Latinos helped revitalized inner city neighborhoods and become an essential workforce of rural communities experiencing out-migration, even as they are often labeled as outsider and encounter regional cultural frameworks like Minnesota Nice that impede people’s recognition that Latino newcomers and the mainstream community share a mutual destiny.
Al Norte toward Home
Authors: Limón José E.
Published: September 2018

This essay traces the cultural connections between Mexican American in Texas and those in the Midwest. Beginning with the famous cattle drives from Texas to the Midwest in the mid-nineteenth century and the musical genre of the corrido to folk healing, contemporary rock music, and fiction, these two seemingly distinct communities created cultural linkages that helped them struggle against adversity in a manner best understood as an example of critical regionalism as developed by Kenneth Frampton, Fredric Jameson and Cheryl Herr.
Reshaping the Rural Heartland
Authors: Acosta Aidé
Published: September 2018

This chapter analyzes the ways new Latino settlement patterns in the rural Midwest have destabilized the notion of a static and quaint Midwestern heartland. It focuses on the arrival of Mexican immigrants from Jiménez, Nuevo León, in Lorraine, Illinois, to become the primary labor force in the local broom industry over the last four decades. During a period of increasing anti-immigrant policies and rhetoric that marginalized Latinas/os, Mexican immigrants settled and created a sense of home in the rural Midwest by engaging in various religious and cultural practices, including La Fiesta de la Virgen de Guadalupe and quinceañeras. The chapter details how the passage of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act and the North American Free Trade Agreement redirected immigrant flows to the rural Midwest and led to new Latina/o cartographies. It argues that Mexican immigrants engaged in diasporic cultural practices to claim a place in the rural Midwest as cultural citizens, and in the process, reshaped the rural heartland.
Mexican Workers and Life in South Chicago
Authors: Innis-Jiménez Michael
Published: September 2018

By recognizing and not underestimating the significance of everyday forms of resistance and the politics of culture, as well as institutions and organizations not normally seen as vehicles for everyday and working class change, we can delve into the strategies that helped Mexicans in interwar South Chicago cope with the oppressive environment that surrounded them. Individual Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans in interwar South Chicago, including steel workers, shop owners, union organizers, and social workers, formed a community that was able to change its physical and cultural environment to help its members and create a degree of resistance that helped Mexicans persevere against intimidation and prejudice. These individual and community histories—the stories of people, organizations, and their physical surroundings—shed light on Mexicano life in a place far from the border and at the industrial heart of the United States.
Spanish Language and Education in the Midwest
Authors: Potowski Kim
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores Spanish language use, maintenance, and education in the Midwest. It surveys various studies of intergenerational language loss, Spanish language dialects, and inter-Latino language influences among Latinas/os. By comparing Spanish language use in the Midwest to other regions, the chapter illustrates common trends and highlights distinct regional differences that make the Midwest a critical region for studying language maintenance and Latina/o identity. Most significantly are the region’s numerous dual-language schools, the long period of contact between Mexicans and Puerto Ricans, and the site of the nation’s largest school district in Chicago.
Contesting the Myth of Uncaring
Authors: Colvin Carolyn , Arduser Jay , Willmore Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores and challenge the perception that immigrant parents demonstrate a kind of caring and advocacy that differs from dominant majority parents. It situates the case of one Salvadoran parent in the larger context of research that documents the differing communication practices of immigrant parents and teachers who teach their children. Teachers may misinterpret communication practices and participation in school events as a lack of caring. Using the story of Margarita, a Salvadoran parent of three children, the chapter demonstrates the experiences of one immigrant parent interacting with rural teachers to show how Latina/o parents are involved and actively advocate for their children’s academic futures. It concludes with a call to educators to adopt new visions of working with immigrant parents in jointly constructed activities where both parents and teachers assume shared roles of learning to solve problems, and to learn to work across diverse experiences.
Latina/o Studies and Ethnic Studies in the Midwest
Authors: De La Luz Montes Amelia María
Published: September 2018

This chapter describes several challenges faced by Latina/o Studies and Ethnic Studies at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, including shrinking humanities requirements and adequate office space. By combining memoir and critical analysis, the essay provides a personal and critical account of the coordinated efforts of faculty and students to successfully protest an administrative decision to relocate various interdisciplinary programs to a condemned building. The organizing efforts succeeded because faculty and students mobilized to defend interdisciplinary programs, and then met with the university administrators to explain how their office space was vital to their educational effectiveness. The chapter also discusses the educational challenges posed by the Midwest “personality,” often described as Nebraska “nice” or Minnesota “nice,” which urges emotional self-restraint, politeness, and conformity, but also discourages agency, activism, and independence.
El Museo del Norte
Authors: Cotera María Eugenia
Published: September 2018

This essay offers an overview of the El Museo del Norte, a community/university partnership with the goal of establishing a “museum without walls” in Detroit, Michigan. The essay provides some background on the genesis and development of the museum project, as well as it’s scholarly, pedagogical and community goals. Beyond offering a narrative of the project, the essay also engages with some of the conceptual, methodological, and personal questions that shape such public humanities initiatives. As such, it offers a meditation on the challenges and productive tensions that arise when our scholarship and teaching engages with modes of knowledge production that exceed the boundaries of the classroom or the library.
The Young Lords Organization in Chicago
Authors: Wanzer-Serrano Darrel
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the formation and lifespan of the street-gang-turned-political-entity, the Young Lords. Founded as a turf gang in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago in 1959, the group shifted focus and purpose in 1968 under the leadership of José “Cha Cha” Jiménez. This brief history of the Young Lords Organization examines their emergence as a social movement organization, Jiménez’s influences for transforming the group, the group’s activism, and the group’s connections with the Young Patriots Organization and the Black Panther Party under the label of the Rainbow Coalition. The original Chicago chapter granted charters to form branches in New York, Milwaukee, and elsewhere; but the Young Lords Organization in Chicago was largely defunct by 1972.
¡Viva La Causa! in Iowa
Authors: Weaver Janet
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores how Mexican Americans in Iowa supported the national boycott of California table grapes in the 1960s while concurrently fighting for the rights of Tejano migrant workers employed seasonally in Iowa’s agricultural industry. Their advocacy for legislative change through community-based coalitions illuminates the collaborative efforts of members of organizations such as migrant agencies, unions, and the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) in securing passage of Iowa’s first migrant worker legislation.
Reconfiguring Documentation
Authors: Schreiber Rebecca M.
Published: September 2018

This essay examines how the strategies of activists involved in the Immigrant Youth Justice League (IYJL) in Chicago in the early 2010s were taken up within the broader migrant rights movement. It focuses on migrant activists’ use of media tactics as part of the No Papers, No Fear Ride for Justice campaign in 2012, in which they organized against anti-immigrant state and federal laws, policies, and programs. These activists, many of whom were members of the National Day Labor Organizing Network (NDLON), and the Puente Movement in Arizona, utilized documentary media as a means to both shield themselves from detention and deportation, as well as to create counter-documents, which challenged the state’s ability to determine the parameters of political inclusion and to mobilize other undocumented migrants. These activists’ circulation of counter-documents through digital and social media relates to their adoption of mobility as a political strategy and as a means of mobilization.
Afterword
Authors: Aparicio Frances R.
Published: September 2018

This chapter addresses the dearth of scholarship on, and academic attention to Latina/os of mixed national heritages as a sector of our population. Based on twenty interviews with Intralatina/os in Chicago, the chapter argues that they perform and embody Latinidad in their everyday family lives, negotiate between their two or more national identities, and experience relational racializations within both of their national communities. Their national negotiations reveal the complicated and shifting meanings of their multiple nationalities. In reclaiming their presence and legitimacy as hybrid Latino/as within their families and communities, Intralatino/as both engage the fluidity of national imaginaries as well as reify them in daily performances of culture, class, gender, and race. This research project aims to foster future research interventions that analyze Intralatina/o lives in the United States.
Introduction
Authors: Inserra Incoronata
Published: September 2018

This section introduces the “global tarantella” phenomenon and offers a brief history of tarantella and its changing interpretations over time. It also discusses tarantella as a complex folk genre with varying definitions and introduces some of its most popularized music and dance forms, such as Apulian pizzica and Campanian tammurriata. In addition, it provides the book’s critical framework vis-à-vis folklore, globalization, ethnomusicological, and tourism studies, as well as the Italian Southern Question debate. It concludes with a brief reflection on (auto)ethnographic methodology.
A Brief History of the Tarantella Revival
Authors: Inserra Incoronata
Published: September 2018

This chapter offers an overview of the post-1990s tarantella revitalization in Italy, particularly of the much-popularized pizzica subgenre from the Salento area, by looking at the local and national festival scene, as well as music and video production, while also exploring the increasing visibility of tarantella within Italian popular and mainstream culture. Moreover, it explores national and international scholarly debates regarding this revitalization phenomenon and situates these debates within the current scholarship on the Italian Southern Question. Finally, the chapter juxtaposes the current revival of Southern Italian folk music with the 1970s folk music revival in Italy, particularly in relation to its left-wing ideology and as a foray into changing revival dynamics at play within Italian folk revival context.