bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the interrelationships and characteristics of Building Information Modeling, Integrated Project Delivery and Lean Construction maturity models
Authors: Rashidian Sara , Drogemuller Robin , Omrani Sara , Banakar Fereshteh
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The application of integrated project delivery (IPD) in conjunction with building information modeling (BIM) and Lean Construction (LC) as the efficient method for improving collaboration and delivering construction projects has been acknowledged by construction academics and professionals. Once organizations have fully embraced BIM, IPD and LC integration, a measurement tool such as a maturity model (MM) for benchmarking their progress and setting realistic goals for continuous improvement will be required. In the context of MMs literature, however, no comprehensive analysis of these three construction management methods has been published to reveal the current trends and common themes in which the models have approached each other.

Design/methodology/approach

Therefore, this study integrates systematic literature review (SLR) and thematic analysis techniques to review and categorize the related MMs; the key themes in which the interrelationship between BIM, IPD and LC MMs has been discussed and conceptualized in the attributes; the shared characteristics of the existing BIM, IPD and LC MMs, as well as their strengths and limitations. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) method has been used as the primary procedure for article screening and reviewing published papers between 2007 and 2022.

Findings

Despite the growth of BIM, IPD and LC integration publications and acknowledgment in the literature, no MM has been established that holistically measures BIM, IPD and LC integration in an organization. This study identifies five interrelated and overlapping themes indicative of the collaboration of BIM, IPD and LC in existing MMs' structure, including customer satisfaction, waste minimization, Lean practices and cultural and legal aspects. Furthermore, the MMs' common characteristics, strengths and limitations are evaluated to provide a foundation for developing future BIM, IPD and LC-related MMs.

Practical implications

This paper examines the current status of research and the knowledge gaps around BIM, IPD and LC MMs. In addition, the highlighted major themes serve as a foundation for academics who intend to develop integrated BIM, IPD, and LC MMs. This will enable researchers to build upon these themes and establish a comprehensive list of maturity attributes fulfilling the BIM, IPD and LC requirements and principles. In addition, the MMs' BIM, IPD and LC compatibility themes, which go beyond themes' intended characteristics in silos, increase industry practitioners' awareness of the underlying factors of BIM, IPD and LC integration.

Originality/value

This review article is the first of a kind to analyze the interaction of IPD, BIM and LC in the context of MMs in current AEC literature. This study concludes that BIM, IPD and LC share several joint cornerstones according to the existing MMs.
Assessing children to identify developmental coordination disorder: A survey of occupational therapists in Australia
Authors: Hunt Jacqui , Zwicker Jill , Godecke Erin , Raynor Annette
Published: February 2023

Background

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with motor and psychosocial consequences, can significantly impact children's quality of life. In Australia, most children with diagnosed/suspected DCD have received occupational therapy services, more so than any other health service. As such, occupational therapists are key in identification and treatment and require a sound knowledge of diagnostic criteria and the best evidence for practice. This study explored current occupational therapy services for children with DCD. Areas for development are identified to improve the identification of, and subsequent intervention for, children with DCD.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, an online survey was completed in September and October 2020 by 175 occupational therapists working in Australia.

Results

Although all therapists worked with children who met the criteria for DCD diagnosis, 70% worked with children with no specific diagnosis and 50% worked with children with outdated diagnostic labels. Australian occupational therapists used similar models/frameworks (commonly a multisensory/sensory processing approach) to guide practice with children with DCD, regardless of therapist characteristics, practice setting (clinic/community, rural/urban), how therapy is funded, or the state where the therapists completed their training/currently practiced. Although assessment practices did not differ significantly, therapists with greater years of paediatric practice and those who studied and/or practiced in Western Australia were more likely to assess to identify DCD. Half of the therapists did not assess to identify DCD; however, 60% of assessing therapists reported best practice methods in assessment for DCD, indicating emerging best practices in the Australian context.

Conclusion

The findings from this study suggest that small adaptations to current occupational therapy practice may enhance the early identification of children with DCD in Australia. The existing gaps in evidence to practice must be addressed to improve current Australian practice and increase access to appropriate services and ultimately improve the quality of life for children with DCD.
Limited sampling strategy to predict free mycophenolic acid area under the concentration–time curve in paediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Sobiak Joanna , Żero Paweł , Zachwieja Jacek , Ostalska‐Nowicka Danuta , Pawiński Tomasz
Published: February 2023

In paediatric patients, there is no data on the recommended area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC0−12) for free mycophenolic acid (fMPA), which is the active form of the drug, responsible for the pharmacological effect. We decided to establish the limited sampling strategy (LSS) for fMPA for its use in MPA therapeutic monitoring in children with nephrotic syndrome treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). This study included 23 children (aged 11 ± 4 years) from whom eight blood samples were collected within 12 h after MMF administration. The fMPA was determined using the high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method. LSSs were estimated with the use of R software and bootstrap procedure. The best model was chosen based on a number of profiles with AUC predicted within ± 20% of AUC0−12 (good guess), r2, mean prediction error (%MPE) of ±10% and mean absolute error (%MAE) of less than 25%. The fMPA AUC0−12 was 0.1669 ± 0.0697 μg h/mL and the free fraction was within 0.16%–0.81%. In total, there were 92 equations developed of which five fulfilled the acceptance criteria for %MPE, %MAE, good guess >80% and r2 > 0.900. These equations consisted of three time points: model 1 (C1, C2, C6), model 2 (C1, C3, C6), model 3 (C1, C4, C6), model 5 (C0, C1, C2), and model 6 (C1, C2, C9). Although blood sampling up to 9 h after MMF dosing is impractical, it is crucial to include C6 or C9 in LSS to assess fMPA AUCpred correctly. The most practical fMPA LSS, which fulfilled the acceptance criteria in the estimation group, was fMPA AUCpred = 0.040 + 2.220 × C0 + 1.130 × C1 + 1.742 × C2. Further studies should define the recommended fMPA AUC0−12 value in children with nephrotic syndrome.
Jacques de Vitry (d. 1240) and the Religious Life of his Time
Authors: BARTLETT ROBERT
Published: February 2023

In this article the scholar, preacher and bishop Jacques de Vitry (d. 1240) is taken as a vantage point to look at the religious life of his time. He had personal involvement with the nascent university of Paris, the earliest beguines of the Low Countries, the crusades against heretics and Muslims, and the first friars. He left varied and vivid descriptions of these movements. His writings also constantly reveal a counter‐current of scepticism and derision on the part of those who dismissed these religious movements as sanctimonious or hypocritical.
Writing Doctors, Body Work, and Body Texts in the French Revolution
Authors: Broomhall Susan
Published: February 2023

This paper explores the construction of the identities of Philippe Curtius and his protégé Marie Grosholtz, known as Madame Tussaud, as providers of medical and health services, body workers, and entrepreneurs in key works that charted their experiences during the volatile period of the French Revolution. As purveyors of entertainment that derived its attraction from perceived close rendering of the likenesses of noteworthy individuals, modellers in wax required attentive discernment of bodies, or at least the capacity for imaginative descriptive skills, establishing a professional language for body work. Moreover, Tussaud's account explicitly foregrounds complex gender dynamics as a young woman interacting with the bodies of male and female clients. This essay explores how important eighteenth‐century gendered conceptualizations of body work are revealed in the body texts produced in this period.
Bio‐citizens online: A content analysis of pro‐ana and weight loss blogs
Authors: Sheppard Amy , Ricciardelli Rose
Published: February 2023

Current neoliberal ideology in Western society encourages individuals to self‐monitor their body to control population health. The resulting self‐surveillance includes weight management, promoted as a marker of health. Disordered eating, like anorexia, is framed as a health disorder. However, weight loss is framed as a health initiative; we argue that these framings are engaging with the same body project, encouraging thinness as a marker of health and good bio‐citizenry. Using content analysis to compare online blog context created by individuals engaged in weight loss and individuals who identify as pro‐anorexia, we argue and evidence that both groups are engaged in body projects with shared parameters. Findings suggest each group is striving to embody a thin ideal through weight management. Specifically, weight loss bloggers and pro‐ana bloggers demonstrate similar diet and exercise behaviours in online diaries detailing their weight loss experiences. Thus, weight loss and anorexia exist on the same spectrum of responsible bio‐citizenry.
Outcomes for men undergoing rectal prolapse surgery – a systematic review
Authors: Fagan Georgina , Bathgate Andrea , Dalzell Alex , Collinson Rowan , Lin Anthony
Published: February 2023

Aim

Rectal prolapse is considered rare in men but the prevalence can be high in certain populations. It is unclear which surgical approach offers lower recurrence rates and better functional outcomes in men. The aim of this work was to determine the recurrence rates, complications and functional outcomes after prolapse surgery in men.

Method

The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were systematically searched to identify studies on outcomes following surgical management of full‐thickness rectal prolapse in men (over 18 years of age) published between 1951 and September 2022. Outcomes of interest included recurrence rate after surgery, bowel function, urinary function, sexual function and postoperative complications.

Results

Twenty‐eight studies involving 1751 men were included. Two papers focused exclusively on men. Twelve studies employed a mixture of abdominal approaches, ten employed perineal approaches and six compared both. The recurrence rate varied across studies, ranging from 0% to 34%. Sexual and urinary function were poorly reported, but the incidence of dysfunction appears low.

Conclusion

The outcomes of rectal prolapse surgery in men are poorly studied with small sample sizes and variable outcomes reported. There is insufficient evidence to recommend a specific repair approach based on the recurrence rate and functional outcomes. Further studies are required to identify the optimal surgical approach for rectal prolapse in men.
Social inequalities in famine mortality in the manorial system of the tsarist Russian province of Livland in the mid‐1840s
Authors: Lust Kersti , Klesment Martin , Jaadla Hannaliis
Published: February 2023

By relying on longitudinal data on two rural parishes in the Russian Baltic province of Livland, the article analyses two questions concerning famine's short‐run effects on mortality in a manorial system: (1) whether there is evidence of a social gradient in mortality during the famine of 1844–6 and (2) whether the manors could protect the peasants against the hardships. The analysis reveals that neither the status of a farmer peasant nor the landlord saved the local inhabitants from an increased risk of dying during the famine of 1844–6. The conventional assumptions about the protective effect of the higher socio‐economic status or type of manor against subsistence crisis found very little support in the study.
Desaturation of sebaceous‐type saturated fatty acids through the SCD1 and the FADS2 pathways impacts lipid neosynthesis and inflammatory response in sebocytes in culture
Authors: Flori Enrica , Mastrofrancesco Arianna , Ottaviani Monica , Maiellaro Miriam , Zouboulis Christos C. , Camera Emanuela
Published: February 2023

Sebum is a lipid‐rich mixture secreted by the sebaceous gland (SG) onto the skin surface. By penetrating through the epidermis, sebum may be involved in the regulation of epidermal and dermal cells in both healthy and diseased skin conditions. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (FAs), found as free FAs (FFAs) and in bound form in neutral lipids, are essential constituents of sebum and key players of the inflammatory processes occurring in the pilosebaceous unit in acne‐prone skin. Little is known on the interplay among uptake of saturated FFAs, their biotransformation, and induction of proinflammatory cytokines in sebocytes. In the human SG, palmitate (C16:0) is the precursor of sapienate (C16:1n‐10) formed by insertion of a double bond (DB) at the Δ6 position catalysed by the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) enzyme. Conversely, palmitoleate (C16:1n‐7) is formed by insertion of a DB at the Δ9 position catalysed by the stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) enzyme. Other FFAs processed in the SG, also undergo these main desaturation pathways. We investigated lipogenesis and release of IL‐6 and IL‐8 pro‐inflammatory cytokines in SZ95 sebocytes in vitro after treatment with saturated FFAs, that is, C16:0, margarate (C17:0), and stearate (C18:0) with or without specific inhibitors of SCD1 and FADS2 desaturase enzymes, and a drug with mixed inhibitory effects on FADS1 and FADS2 activities. C16:0 underwent extended desaturation through both SCD1 and FADS2 catalysed pathways and displayed the strongest lipoinflammatory effects. Inhibition of desaturation pathways proved to enhance lipoinflammation induced by SFAs in SZ95 sebocytes. Palmitate (C16:0), margarate (C17:0), and stearate (C18:0) are saturated fatty acids that induce different arrays of neutral lipids (triglycerides) and dissimilar grades of inflammation in sebocytes.
Direct interaction between mortalin and HIF‐1α at the mitochondria inhibits apoptosis by blocking recruitment of Bax
Authors: Yfantis Angelos , Mylonis Ilias , Simos George
Published: February 2023

Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1, a heterodimer of alpha (HIF‐1α) and beta (HIF‐1β or ARNT) subunits, is a major regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia. However, HIF‐1α, the oxygen‐regulated subunit, also exerts nontranscriptional functions through interaction with proteins other than ARNT. We have previously shown that the subcellular localization and protein interactions of HIF‐1α are controlled by ERK‐mediated phosphorylation at Ser641/643. When HIF‐1α is modified at these sites, it is nuclear, binds to ARNT, interacts with nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) and activates transcription of hypoxia‐target genes. On the contrary, unmodified HIF‐1α is bound by chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1), exits the nucleus and, via its association with mortalin, is targeted to the mitochondria to form an antiapoptotic complex. To further characterize the latter function, recombinant fragments of HIF‐1α and mortalin were used for in vitro binding assays and immunoprecipitation experiments to map the respective binding sites and show that their interaction is direct and functional. We could also show that embelin, a natural product and known inhibitor of the mortalin‐p53 interaction, also disrupts the mortalin‐HIF‐1α association and, furthermore, removes unmodified HIF‐1α from mitochondria. Mitochondrial dissociation of HIF‐1α, either by embelin or overexpression of a HIF‐1α peptide harbouring the mortalin binding site, under stress conditions leads to mitochondrial localization of the pro‐apoptotic protein B‐cell lymphoma 2‐associated X protein (Bax) and induction of apoptosis. We suggest that when ERK activity is low under hypoxia, binding of HIF‐1α to mortalin inhibits mitochondrial recruitment of Bax and protects cells from apoptotic cell death.
Comparing environmental DNA with whole pond survey to estimate the total biomass of fish species in ponds
Authors: Souma Rio , Katano Izumi , Doi Hideyuki , Takahara Teruhiko , Minamoto Toshifumi
Published: February 2023

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has recently been developed for detecting the distribution of macroorganisms in aquatic systems and for estimating biomass/abundance. Although positive relationships between eDNA concentrations of species and biomass/abundance have been observed in previous studies, estimation of total biomass in a particular ecosystem based on eDNA concentration has not been investigated.

To test this, we sampled eDNA from the littoral and pelagic zones of eight small ponds in Japan. Then, we drained ponds to capture all fish inhabiting each pond. We compared the eDNA copies measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis with the captured biomass of three dominant fish species (common carp, bluegill sunfish, and largemouth bass) obtained by direct capture. Differences in eDNA concentrations were compared between the littoral and pelagic zones of each pond.

We found positive relationships between the eDNA copies and the whole captured biomass of all target species using Type II logarithmic equations, and the eDNA copies appeared to be saturated at a higher total biomass.

We found positive correlations between the total number of eDNA copies and the total captured biomass of three fish species. This demonstrated the first step in estimating the population biomass of target fish species under natural conditions using eDNA measurement.
Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) skin, a by‐product of hazelnut industry, possesses oil with high oxidative and thermal stabilities
Authors: Çelik Ömer F. , Aktaş Nesimi , Tugay Mehmet İ. , Tunçil Yunus E.
Published: February 2023

Due to its high antioxidant capacity, hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) skin oil has recently gained great attention. However, its thermal and oxidative characteristics have not been elucidated yet. Here, we determined the thermal and oxidative properties, antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of hazelnut skin oil (HSO) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), spectrophotometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively, and compared those with the oils from natural and roasted hazelnuts. HSO was found to have significantly higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acid, compared with oils from natural and roasted hazelnut. HSO had the lowest melting point. Moreover, HSO revealed higher oxidative stability, which can be attributed to its greater antioxidant capacity. These findings indicate that hazelnut skin, a by‐product of hazelnut industry, has potential to be utilised in hazelnut oil industry to produce oil possessing high oxidative and thermal stability.
De la montée en gamme économique à la montée en gamme sociale dans le secteur éthiopien du textile et de l'habillement: le rôle des acteurs locaux
Authors: MULUBIRAN Telaye Fikadu , KARLSEN Asbjørn
Published: February 2023

Les auteurs explorent les liens entre montée en gamme économique et avancées sociales en Éthiopie, pays en développement doté d'une politique industrielle volontariste et d'une législation du travail stricte. Ils analysent pour ce faire les stratégies de cinq entreprises impliquées dans les réseaux de production mondiaux de l'habillement, observées en 2015. L'analyse montre que les réglementations influant sur la sécurité de l'emploi et le bien‐être physique des travailleurs sont négociées par les employeurs locaux, les travailleurs et les syndicats plutôt que par les acheteurs mondiaux. Elle prouve également que la montée en gamme économique peut s'accompagner d'une dégradation sociale au sein d'une même entreprise.
T follicular helper cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination among healthy and immunocompromised adults
Authors: Boyd Mollie Ailie Acheson , Carey Hoppe Alexandra , Kelleher Anthony D , Munier C Mee Ling
Published: February 2023

The worldwide rollout of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccinations in the last 2 years has produced a multitude of studies investigating T‐cell responses in the peripheral blood and a limited number in secondary lymphoid tissues. As a key component to an effective immune response, vaccine‐specific T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are localized in the draining lymph node (LN) and assist in the selection of highly specific B‐cell clones for the production of neutralizing antibodies. While these cells have been noted in the blood as circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells, they are not often taken into consideration when examining effective CD4+ T‐cell responses, particularly in immunocompromised groups. Furthermore, site‐specific analyses in locations such as the LN have recently become an attractive area of investigation. This is mainly a result of improved sampling methods via ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy (FNB)/fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), which are less invasive than LN excision and able to be performed longitudinally. While these studies have been undertaken in healthy individuals, data from immunocompromised groups are lacking. This review will focus on both Tfh and cTfh responses after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised individuals. This area of investigation could identify key characteristics of a successful LN response required for the prevention of infection and viral clearance. This furthermore may highlight responses that could be fine‐tuned to improve vaccine efficacy within immunocompromised groups that are at a risk of more severe disease.
Elucidating the impact of dental caries, pain and treatment on academic performance in children
Authors: Quadri Mir Faeq Ali , Ahmad Basaruddin
Published: February 2023

Background

The evidence for the impact of oral health on academic performance is still unclear.

Aim

To assess the impact of oral health conditions on poor academic performance in schoolchildren by including a range of clinical and self‐reported OH measures in a modified cross‐sectional study.

Design

This study was carried out on schoolchildren aged 12–14 years in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, using a stratified and randomised cluster sampling method. Clinical indices from oral screening and self‐reported OH conditions and behaviours and school absence from the self‐administered questionnaire were recorded a month before the school examination. Results of passing or failing the examination were obtained after the examination. Statistical associations were examined using bivariate and multiple logistic regressions. The oral health measures were categorised based on the types of conditions and briefly appraised.

Results

Measures of dental caries, dental pain, soft tissue problems, oral hygiene, tooth discolouration, tooth mobility and school absence due to dental pain were associated with greater odds of failing the examination (p < .05). Measures of dental treatment and absence due to dental visits were associated with lower odds of failing (p < .05).

Conclusions

Dental caries with pain likely explains the poor academic performance of schoolchildren, whereas treatment has a protective effect.
The developmental psychopathology of detection and dual control – a commentary on Fox et al. (2023)
Authors: Kiel Elizabeth J.
Published: February 2023

Behavioral inhibition in early life is among the robust predictors of later anxiety problems, particularly social anxiety, one of the most pressing mental health concerns across the lifespan. However, the predictive relation is far from perfect. Fox et al. reviewed the literature and their Detection and Dual Control framework to emphasize the role of moderators in the etiology of social anxiety. In doing so, they exemplify a developmental psychopathology approach. This commentary aligns the core features of Fox et al.'s review and theoretical model with specific tenets of developmental psychopathology. These tenets provide a structure for integrating the Detection and Dual Control framework with other developmental psychopathology models and guiding future directions for the field.
Comparison of recommendations for surveillance of advanced colorectal polyps: A systematic review of guidelines
Authors: Parker Jody , Gupta Sunnia , Torkington Jared , Dolwani Sunil
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim

Patients diagnosed with advanced colorectal lesions have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. International polyp surveillance guidelines have recently been updated. The aim of this systematic review was to assess surveillance recommendations for advanced colorectal polyps and compare the patient, polyp, and colonoscopy quality factors considered in their recommendations.

Methods

Guidelines with surveillance recommendations for colorectal polyps were identified. Databases searched included PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, TripPro, and guidelines identified by two blinded reviewers. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO and performed in line with PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Six guidelines from the US Multi‐Society Task Force, British Society of Gastroenterology, Cancer Council Australia, European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, and Asia‐Pacific Working Group on Colorectal Cancer Screening were included. The recommended surveillance interval of 3 years was consistent, but the criteria used for advanced polyps were variable. Polyp factors were the key determinant for when surveillance should be performed. Although all guidelines recognized their importance, the application of and evidence underlying patient characteristics and the quality of baseline colonoscopy were limited. All included guidelines were rated of average to high quality by the AGREE II instrument.

Conclusion

Surveillance guidelines for advanced colorectal polyps are of good quality but limited by their underlying evidence. Standardization of definitions would be valuable for both research and clinical application. Better knowledge of colonoscopist quality indicators and patient factors is recommended to further economize surveillance recommendations, minimize patient risk, and achieve optimal outcomes without increasing pressure on services.
Preference robust distortion risk measure and its application
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Huifu
Published: February 2023

Distortion risk measure (DRM) plays a crucial role in management science and finance particularly actuarial science. Various DRMs have been introduced but little is discussed on which DRM at hand should be chosen to address a decision maker's (DM's) risk preference. This paper aims to fill out the gap. Specifically, we consider a situation where the true distortion function is unknown either because it is difficult to identify/elicit and/or because the DM's risk preference is ambiguous. We introduce a preference robust distortion risk measure (PRDRM), which is based on the worst‐case distortion function from an ambiguity set of distortion functions to mitigate the impact arising from the ambiguity. The ambiguity set is constructed under well‐known general principles such as concavity and inverse S‐shapedness of distortion functions (overweighting on events from impossible to possible or possible to certainty and underweighting on those from possible to more possible) as well as new user‐specific information such as sensitivity to tail losses, confidence intervals to some lotteries, and preferences to certain lotteries over others. To calculate the proposed PRDRM, we use the convex and/or concave envelope of a set of points to characterize the curvature of the distortion function and derive a tractable reformulation of the PRDRM when the underlying random loss is discretely distributed. Moreover, we show that the worst‐case distortion function is a nondecreasing piecewise linear function and can be determined by solving a linear programming problem. Finally, we apply the proposed PRDRM to a risk capital allocation problem and carry out some numerical tests to examine the efficiency of the PRDRM model.
Colonial shapeshifting: Re‐remembering medical education's burden on Indigenous peoples
Authors: Adams Karen
Published: February 2023

Adams outlines the importance of routinely remembering medical education’s past and present colonial burden on Indigenous peoples.
Anthropology Majors Prepare for Life after College
Authors: Ginsberg Daniel , Jackson Palmyra
Published: February 2023

Unlike business, health, or engineering courses, undergraduate liberal arts programs do not point majors directly to a professional application, so students often need to creatively explore and identify professional roles and workplaces in which to use their education. Anthropology presents particular challenges: while students may enroll in economics if their institution has no undergraduate business program, or biochemistry may function as premed, there is no clear sense of what comes after an anthropology degree. In 2018, the American Anthropological Association announced a new approach to understanding this issue through its Undergraduate Research Fellowship. Currently enrolled anthropology majors worked together with faculty mentors, collaboratively across universities, to do anthropological research on the question, “how do anthropology majors approach the question of what comes after college?” The research provided practical insights and recommendations to departments, faculty members, career counseling centers, and the students themselves. This special section comprises six papers: an introduction to the project and the field sites; four analytic papers in which student researchers and faculty mentors explore the topics, “how students come to major in anthropology,” “how students are changed by studying anthropology,” “what anthropology majors think about their professional future,” and “what resources are available to support students’ college‐to‐career transition”; and a reflective essay that considers the fellowship not as a research program but as a high‐impact pedagogical intervention. We show that, by participating in ethnographic research, student researchers become full members of the anthropology community who can give valuable recommendations for the future of the discipline.
Independent and interactive effect of sedentary time and physical activity on risk of all‐cause mortality: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Xing , Yang Longkun , Li Tianze , Zhang Jinli , Yuan Lijun , Hu Huifang , Wu Yuying , Hu Fulan , Sun Liang , Hu Dongsheng , Liu Yu , Sun Xizhou , Zhang Ming
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Sedentary behavior (SB) and physical inactivity have been associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality. Evidence in China is scarce, and it is unclear whether physical activity (PA) attenuates or even eliminates the harmful effects of prolonged SB in the Chinese population.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 17 084 Chinese adults. PA and sitting time (ST) were assessed using the IPAQ. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of PA and ST with all‐cause mortality. Interaction plots were used to visualize the interaction effects.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 6.01 years, a total of 1106 deaths occurred. PA level was inversely associated with the incidence of all‐cause mortality, while ST showed a detrimental association (all ptrend < 0.05). In the stratified analysis, ST was associated with all‐cause mortality in the low PA, while the association was attenuated in the moderate PA group: the HRs (95% CI) comparing ST of 4–8, 8–11, and ≥11 to <4 h/day were 1.15 (0.73–1.81), 1.55 (0.92–2.59), and 2.70 (1.52–4.80), respectively. In the high PA group, no significant association was found across all ST levels. In the joint analysis, compared with the high PA and ST <4 h/day, the harmful effect was found only in the combined low PA and moderate PA groups with ST ≥11 h/day (HR:2.71, 95% CI:1.69–4.35). In addition, a significant interaction association was found.

Conclusion

Our study, based on a prospective cohort, suggests that the detrimental effect of ST on all‐cause mortality is attenuated or eliminated by high PA levels in the Chinese population.
Real‐world experience of tixagevimab‐cilgavimab pre‐exposure prophylaxis in orthotopic heart transplant recipients
Authors: Ordaya Eloy E. , Higgins Eibhlin M. , Vergidis Paschalis , Razonable Raymund R. , Beam Elena
Published: February 2023

Background

Pre‐exposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab‐cilgavimab (tix‐cil) may be associated with cardiovascular adverse events. Also, in vitro studies have reported a reduced activity of tix‐cil against emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron subvariants. Our study aimed to report the real‐world outcomes of tix‐cil prophylaxis in orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) recipients

Methods

We retrospectively studied all OHT recipients who received one dose of tix‐cil (150–150 mg or 300–300 mg) at Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota, between February 5, 2022 and September 8, 2022. We collected data on cardiovascular adverse events and breakthrough COVID‐19 following tix‐cil administration.

Results

One hundred sixty‐three OHT recipients were included. The majority were male (65.6%), and the median age was 61 years (IQR 48, 69). During the median follow‐up of 164 days (IQR 123, 190), one patient presented an episode of asymptomatic hypertensive urgency that was managed with outpatient antihypertensive treatment optimization. Twenty‐four patients (14.7%) experienced breakthrough COVID‐19 at the median of 63.5 days (IQR 28.3, 101.3) after tix‐cil administration. The majority (70.8%) completed the primary vaccine series and received at least one booster dose (70.8%). Only one patient with breakthrough COVID‐19 required hospitalization. All patients survived.

Conclusions

In this cohort of OHT recipients, no patients developed severe cardiovascular events related to tix‐cil. The high incidence of breakthrough COVID‐19 could be due to the reduced activity of tix‐cil against current circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variants. These results emphasize the need for a multimodal prevention strategy against SARS‐CoV‐2 in these high‐risk patients.

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Bayesian Calibration of Computational Knee Models to Estimate Subject-Specific Ligament Properties, Tibiofemoral Kinematics, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Force With Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Razu Swithin S. , Jahandar Hamidreza , Zhu Andrew , Berube Erin E. , Manzi Joseph E. , Pearle Andrew D. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Santner Thomas J. , Imhauser Carl W.
Published: February 2023

High-grade knee laxity is associated with early anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure, poor function, and compromised clinical outcome. Yet, the specific ligaments and ligament properties driving knee laxity remain poorly understood. We described a Bayesian calibration methodology for predicting unknown ligament properties in a computational knee model. Then, we applied the method to estimate unknown ligament properties with uncertainty bounds using tibiofemoral kinematics and ACL force measurements from two cadaver knees that spanned a range of laxities; these knees were tested using a robotic manipulator. The unknown ligament properties were from the Bayesian set of plausible ligament properties, as specified by their posterior distribution. Finally, we developed a calibrated predictor of tibiofemoral kinematics and ACL force with their own uncertainty bounds. The calibrated predictor was developed by first collecting the posterior draws of the kinematics and ACL force that are induced by the posterior draws of the ligament properties and model parameters. Bayesian calibration identified unique ligament slack lengths for the two knee models and produced ACL force and kinematic predictions that were closer to the corresponding in vitro measurement than those from a standard optimization technique. This Bayesian framework quantifies uncertainty in both ligament properties and model outputs; an important step towards developing subject-specific computational models to improve treatment for ACL injury.
Physics-Based Sonic IR Crack Length Estimation using Thermal Images Alone
Authors: Abu-Nabah Bassam A. , Al-Said Samer M.
Published: February 2023

The absence of analytical solutions describing a crack frictional heat generation and diffusion in sonic infrared (IR) inspection technology makes it rather difficult to estimate a crack length from thermal images alone. This study presents the recent development in theoretical-based techniques assuming uniform, arbitrary and point frictional heat generation functions along the crack and how they lend themselves for crack length estimation. The different forward heat diffusion models are validated in close comparison with finite element (FE) simulations for different heat generation functions. Moreover, the capability in retrieving a crack arbitrary heat generation function and estimating a crack length from simulated thermal images alone is validated with and without the virtual addition of thermal noise. It demonstrates the benefits of applying the principle of superposition of predefined heat generation functions due to the linearity in the governing heat diffusion model while retrieving the heat generation function from thermal images. Targeting a peak temperature change between 0.2 and 1.6 K with the addition of different random noise levels for different crack lengths can deliver up to 20% uncertainty in crack length estimation at 95% confidence level. The application of the proposed point heat generation function along the crack underestimated a crack length by 10% over independently measured sonic IR thermal images. This illustrates the benefits and potential capabilities from advancing this approach in the future.
Circulating fructose regulates a germline stem cell increase via gustatory receptor–mediated gut hormone secretion in mated
Drosophila
Authors: Hoshino Ryo , Sano Hiroko , Yoshinari Yuto , Nishimura Takashi , Niwa Ryusuke
Published: February 2023

Oogenesis is influenced by multiple environmental factors. In the fruit fly,
Drosophila melanogaster
, nutrition and mating have large impacts on an increase in female germline stem cells (GSCs). However, it is unclear whether these two factors affect this GSC increase interdependently. Here, we report that dietary sugars are crucial for the GSC increase after mating. Dietary glucose is required for mating-induced release of neuropeptide F (NPF) from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), followed by NPF-mediated enhancement of GSC niche signaling. Unexpectedly, dietary glucose does not directly act on
NPF
-positive EECs. Rather, it contributes to elevation of hemolymph fructose generated through the polyol pathway. Elevated fructose stimulates the fructose-specific gustatory receptor, Gr43a, in
NPF
-positive EECs, leading to NPF secretion. This study demonstrates that circulating fructose, derived from dietary sugars, is a prerequisite for the GSC increase that leads to enhancement of egg production after mating.
A Schema for Digitized Surface Swab Site Metadata in Open-Source DNA Sequence Databases
Authors: Feng Jingzhang , Daeschel Devin , Dooley Damion , Griffiths Emma , Allard Marc , Timme Ruth , Chen Yi , Snyder Abigail B.
Published: February 2023

The regular analysis of whole-genome sequence data in collections such as NCBI’s Pathogen Detection Database is used by many public health organizations to detect outbreaks of infectious disease. However, isolate metadata in these databases are often incomplete and of poor quality.
Supplemental Material: Cenozoic slip along the southern Sierra Nevada normal fault, California (USA): A long-lived stable western boundary of the Basin and Range
Authors: Lee J. , al. et
Published: February 2023

File S1: Provides a description of (U-Th)/He analytical techniques and (U-Th)/He analytical results. Table S1: AHe analytical techniques and raw and reduced (U-Th[Sm]/He data results.  
Exploring participants’ perspectives on adverse events due to resistance training: a qualitative study
Authors: El-Kotob Rasha , Pagcanlungan Justin R. , Craven B. Catharine , Sherrington Catherine , Mourtzakis Marina , Giangregorio Lora M.
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and perspectives of individuals with chronic health conditions who had an adverse event (AE) as a result of resistance training (RT). We conducted web conference or telephone-based one-on-one semi-structured interviews with 12 participants with chronic health conditions who had an AE as a result of RT. Interview data were analyzed using the thematic framework method. Six themes were identified: (1) personal experiences with aging influence perceptions of RT; (2) physical and emotional consequences of AEs limit activities and define future RT participation; (3) injury recovery defines the severity of AE; (4) health conditions influence the perceived risks and benefits of participating in RT; (5) RT setting and trained supervision influence exercise behaviors and risk perceptions; and (6) experiencing a previous AE influences future exercise behavior. Despite participant awareness of the value and benefits of RT in both the context of aging and chronic health conditions, there is concern about experiencing exercise-related AEs. The perceived risks of RT influenced the participants’ decision to engage or return to RT. Consequently, to promote RT participation, the risks, not just the benefits, should be properly reported in future studies, translated, and disseminated to the public.

Novelty: –To increase the quality of published research with respect to AE reporting in RT studies. –Health care providers and people with common health conditions will be able to make evidence-based decisions as to whether the benefits of RT truly outweigh the risks.
Assessing the nutritional status of Southern Brazilian Eucalyptus plantations by the CND method
Authors: Squizani Wagner , de Paula Betania Vahl , Stefanello Lincon , Rozane Danilo Eduardo , de Araujo Elias Frank , Natale William , Brunetto Gustavo
Published: February 2023

Genus Eucalyptus can be grown in different soils worldwide, although it is not always ready to fulfill plants’ nutrient demands. Whenever such nutrient shortage happens, it is necessary applying the nutrients missing, which can be established based on the critical levels and sufficiency ranges (SRs) of nutrients in leaves or by multivariate mathematical models, such as the composition nutrient diagnosis (CND). This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, based on the CND method. A total of 119 12-month-old Eucalyptus saligna (E. saligna) plantations were sampled in the Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Southern Brazil. Nutrient concentration in leaves and the diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured. The E. saligna nutritional status was calculated through the CND method. High- and low-yield populations were set based on DBH of 4.2 cm. The SRs proposed by the CND method were narrower than the ones proposed by official recommendations for Eucalyptus, especially for magnesium (Mg), boron (B), and iron (Fe). The CND-r2 index recorded for each nutrient generated a limitation order for nutrients. The greater accuracy of the recommendations proposed by the CND method, compared with univariate and bivariate methods, contribute to reducing the use of fertilizers.
Consensus in fuzzy opinion networks
Authors: Amirjanov Adil
Published: February 2023

This paper developed the dynamics of opinion network where a node interacts with only one node in each step and these nodes will not exchange their opinions until the difference of their opinions is below a tolerance threshold. Every node is a Gaussian fuzzy set with the center representing an opinion itself and a standard deviation characterizing an uncertainty about the opinion. The fuzzy opinion network with different uncertainties’ levels of nodes was investigated to show how opinions and their uncertainties propagate and evolve for reaching a consensus in the network. The theoretical and numerical analyses were used to assess the conditions where a consensus can be reached in the fuzzy opinion network.
KM3NeT upper bounds of detection rates of solar neutrinos from annihilations of dark matter at the solar core
Authors: Gupta Aman , Majumdar Debasish , Halder Ashadul
Published: February 2023

The Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) so far remain one of the most popular candidates for dark matter. If captured gravitationally inside the core of the Sun, these WIMPs may produce high-energy neutrinos as the end product in case they undergo self-annihilations at the solar core. In this work, we address the detectability of such neutrinos at the proposed KM3NeT detector. Upper bounds of the detection rate for such neutrinos at KM3NeT are computed for the case of a generic dark matter scenario and also when specific models for particle dark matter are chosen. In this work, upper bounds of muon event rates for different annihilating dark matter masses are computed for each of the cases of dark matter annihilation channels (e.g. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], etc.). These upper bounds are also computed by considering the dark matter scattering cross-section using upper bounds obtained from PandaX-4T direct dark matter search experiment.
Influence of heat treatment process on the hardness and material structure of SKD61 tool steel
Authors: Dong Tran Phap , Toan Nguyen Duc , Dung Nguyen Tien
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the influence of heat treatment on the hardness and material structure of SKD61 steel. The study focused on the influence of quenching temperature and tempering temperature on the hardness distribution of SKD61 steel. The equations representing the relationship between hardness and tempering temperature were derived based on the results. By the results of the analysis of the material structure, the appropriate process conditions for machining molds at high temperature were determined. We concluded that the steel should be heated to 1050[Formula: see text]C. The heat was maintained for 2 h and the steel then quenched in oil media. It was further annealed at 580[Formula: see text]C, with the heat maintained for 2 h and then cooled in the same furnace. With the above heat treatment process, an average hardness of 52HRC was obtained and the structure of the steel was sufficiently stable to ensure the success of subsequent heat treatment processes.