bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facile zinc oxide nanowire growth on graphene via a hydrothermal floating method: towards Debye length radius nanowires for ultraviolet photodetection
Authors: Cook Brent , Liu Qingfeng , Liu Jianwei , Gong Maogang , Ewing Dan , Casper Matthew , Stramel Alex , Wu Judy
Published: September 2017

Heterojunction nanohybrid zinc oxide nanowires on graphene (ZnO-NW/graphene) combines crystalline ZnO-NWs with high charge mobility of graphene to provide a platform for high-performance devices.
Micro biogeography‐inspired multi‐objective optimisation for industrial electromagnetic design
Authors: Mognaschi M.E.
Published: September 2017

In this Letter, the micro biogeography‐inspired multi‐objective optimisation (μBiMO) method, an extension of the biogeography‐inspired multi‐objective optimisation (BiMO) algorithm, is proposed. It is suitable for solving multi‐objective optimisations in the field of industrial design because it is based on a small number of islands (hence the name μBiMO), i.e. few objective function calls are required. An analytical test function is used for evaluating the performances of the standard BiMO method and to show the need for the proposed μBiMO algorithm. To test its performances in industrial applications, an optimal shape design problem in electromagnetics, i.e. an electromagnet optimal design, has been chosen as a case study. To the best knowledge of the author, the main element of novelty of the Letter is that the BiMO algorithm has been applied for the first time to a multi‐objective design with a reduced number of islands (μBiMO). The algorithm so modified leads to a strong reduction of computational time, and, at the same time, improves the quality of results.
Mathematical modelling and simulation analysis of a modified Butterworth van Dyke circuit model for non‐invasive diabetes detection
Authors: Lekha Srinivasan , Manikandan Suchetha
Published: September 2017

In recent times, there is an intense need for a reliable non‐invasive diabetes prediction system. Some of the researches in this field suggest that acetone gas in breath has a good correlation to blood glucose levels. Hence, acetone is emerging as a promising bio‐marker in diabetes prediction. In this study, acetone levels are measured using quartz crystal microbalance sensor that has wide‐scale application as a bio‐sensor. It is a piezoelectric sensor which is used to detect and quantify mass variations. The resonant frequency of the sensor changes when there is a deposition of mass on the surface of the crystal. The shift in resonant frequency is directly proportional to the change in the mass concentration. To estimate the performance of this sensor, it is required to understand the sensor's electrical characteristics such as its conductance gain and admittance. This study studies these characteristics and evaluates the behaviour of the sensor in the presence of various acetone concentrations in breath sample for healthy, type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects.
Remifentanil up2date – Teil 2
Authors: Bushuven Stefan , Kreuer Sascha , Kranke Peter
Published: September 2017

Remifentanil wird seit 20 Jahren mit Erfolg in vielen Bereichen der Anästhesiologie eingesetzt. Im 1. Teil wurde die Substanz mit ihren pharmakologischen Charakteristika sowie ihren erwünschten und unerwünschten Wirkungen beschrieben. Der hier vorliegende 2. Teil befasst sich mit der Anwendung des Opioids bei speziellen Patientengruppen und in den verschiedenen anästhesiologisch betreuten Fachdisziplinen.
Atemwegsmanagement bei einem 4-jährigen Kind
Authors: Kols Kerstin
Published: September 2017

Schlichtungsstellen für Arzthaftpflichtfragen bieten Patienten, Ärzten und Versicherern eine Möglichkeit, Arzthaftungsstreitigkeiten außergerichtlich zu klären. In der Rubrik „Fälle der Schlichtungsstelle“ stellen wir abgeschlossene Fälle aus der Schlichtungsstelle für Arzthaftpflichtfragen der norddeutschen Ärztekammern vor.
Structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of spin coated ilmenite-pseudobrookite xFeTiO3-(1-x)Fe2O3 thin films
Authors: Dixit A. , Putatunda S. , Suryanarayanan R. , Naik R.
Published: September 2017

We report on the structural, magnetic, optical, and electrical properties of iron titanate thin films prepared using a spin-coating technique having nominal compositions of FeTiO3 and Fe1.4Ti0.6O3. X-ray diffraction measurements show clear evidence for the presence of both ilmenite and pseudobrookite crystal structures, which is confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy studies indicate that Fe is present mainly in the 2+ valence state, with some Fe3+ present on the more heavily oxidized surface of the films. The as-prepared samples exhibit weak ferromagnetism at room temperature. While the valence state of Fe is not significantly affected by vacuum annealing, the saturation magnetization is increased dramatically, reaching nearly 220 emu mole−1 for the Fe-rich film. The optical band gap was found to be roughly 2.0 eV for all samples, with negligible changes on vacuum annealing.
Optical switching of a graphene mechanical switch using the Casimir effect
Authors: Inui Norio
Published: September 2017

We propose a method to control a graphene-based mechanical switch with light. By positioning a self-supporting graphene sheet parallel to a doped silicon membrane, irradiation of the membrane with light can bring the graphene into contact with the membrane. This operation is based on the enhancement of the Casimir force between the graphene sheet and a doped silicon membrane that results from photoionization; therefore, pull-in phenomena can occur even without applying any voltage. We theoretically investigated the dependence of the maximum displacement of a graphene sheet on the power of the irradiation light. Furthermore, the switching time is estimated by analyzing the time-evolution of the carrier density in a doped silicon membrane.
Optimizing the electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS films by co-solvents and their application in polymer photovoltaic cells
Authors: Pathak C. S. , Singh J. P. , Singh R.
Published: September 2017

A simple optimizing approach that improves the electrical properties of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxylthiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films and their application in heterojunction diodes and polymer photovoltaic cells is presented in this paper. The optimizing process is performed by mixing the organic solvents n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and methanol along with dimethyl sulfoxide into PEDOT:PSS solution achieving the facile combination of the solvent effect. Electrical conductivity varies from 0.16 to 194 S/cm by variation in the concentration of n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. It is shown that the enhancement in conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films with co-solvents by three orders of magnitude is achieved compared to pristine PEDOT:PSS with transparency >92% in the visible region. The heterojunction diodes fabricated with co-solvents studied in this work showed rectifying behavior, and polymer photovoltaic cells fabricated with the co-solvents exhibited photovoltaic performance.
Effects of Ce doping and humidity on UV sensing properties of electrospun ZnO nanofibers
Authors: Liu Yan-Jie , Zhang Hong-Di , Zhang Jun , Li Shuo , Zhang Jun-Cheng , Zhu Jian-Wei , Gong Mao-Gang , Wang Xiao-Xiong , Long Yun-Ze
Published: September 2017

Pure ZnO and Ce-doped ZnO nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning-calcination technique. The morphology, composition, structure, humidity sensing and photoelectric properties were characterized. The field-effect curves showed that a single pure ZnO nanofiber is an n-type semiconductor and an individual Ce-ZnO nanofiber is a p-type semiconductor. The Ce doping and humidity have strong influence on the UV sensing properties of ZnO-based nanofibers. In the dark, the responses [(IVarious RH − I43% RH)/I43% RH] of pure ZnO increased gradually with the increase of humidity, while the responses of Ce-doped ZnO nanofibers decreased. When exposed to UV radiation, the response of pure ZnO nanofibers decreased with increasing humidity, while that of Ce-doped ZnO increased. And the highest responses are around 88.44 and 683.67 at 97% humidity for pure ZnO and Ce-ZnO nanofibers under UV irradiation. In addition, the UV response of Ce-ZnO with good stability and repeatability increases by two orders of magnitude than that of pure ZnO. The sensing mechanism relevant to oxygen and water-related conduction was discussed briefly. These results exhibit that the application prospects of p-type Ce-ZnO nanofibers are promising in the field of photoelectric devices.
Existing methods for improving the accuracy of digital-to-analog converters
Authors: Eielsen Arnfinn A. , Fleming Andrew J.
Published: September 2017

The performance of digital-to-analog converters is principally limited by errors in the output voltage levels. Such errors are known as element mismatch and are quantified by the integral non-linearity. Element mismatch limits the achievable accuracy and resolution in high-precision applications as it causes gain and offset errors, as well as harmonic distortion. In this article, five existing methods for mitigating the effects of element mismatch are compared: physical level calibration, dynamic element matching, noise-shaping with digital calibration, large periodic high-frequency dithering, and large stochastic high-pass dithering. These methods are suitable for improving accuracy when using digital-to-analog converters that use multiple discrete output levels to reconstruct time-varying signals. The methods improve linearity and therefore reduce harmonic distortion and can be retrofitted to existing systems with minor hardware variations. The performance of each method is compared theoretically and confirmed by simulations and experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that three of the five methods provide significant improvements in the resolution and accuracy when applied to a general-purpose digital-to-analog converter. As such, these methods can directly improve performance in a wide range of applications including nanopositioning, metrology, and optics.
Wave-function model for the CP violation in mesons
Authors: Saberi Fathi S. M. , Courbage M. , Durt T.
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we propose a simple quantum model of the kaons decay providing an estimate of the CP symmetry violation parameter. We use the two-level Friedrich's Hamiltonian model to obtain a good quantitative agreement with the experimental estimate of the violation parameter for neutral kaons. A temporal wave-function approach, based on an analogy with spatial wave-functions, plays a crucial role in our model.
Reversible air-induced optical and electrical modulation of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) single crystals
Authors: Zhang Huotian , Liu Yiting , Lu Haizhou , Deng Wan , Yang Kang , Deng Zunyi , Zhang Xingmin , Yuan Sijian , Wang Jiao , Niu Jiaxin , Zhang Xiaolei , Jin Qingyuan , Feng Hongjian , Zhan Yiqiang , Zheng Lirong
Published: September 2017

The photoluminescence (PL) variations of organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites in different atmospheres are well documented, while the fundamental mechanism still lacks comprehensive understandings. This study reports the reversible optical and electrical properties of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3 or CH3NH3PbBr3) single crystals caused by air infiltration. With the change in the surrounding atmosphere from air to vacuum, the PL intensity of perovskite single crystals decreases, while the conductivity increases. By means of first-principles computational studies, the shallow trap states are considered as key elements in PL and conductivity changes. These results have important implications for the characterization and application of organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites in vacuum.
Electron kinetics in capacitively coupled plasmas modulated by electron injection
Authors: Zhang Ya , Peng Yanli , Innocenti Maria Elena , Jiang Wei , Wang Hong-yu , Lapenta Giovanni
Published: September 2017

The controlling effect of an electron injection on the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and on the energetic electron flux, in a capacitive radio-frequency argon plasma, is studied using a one-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions model. The input power of the electron beam is as small as several tens of Watts with laboratory achievable emission currents and energies. With the electron injection, the electron temperature decreases but with a significant high energy tail. The electron density, electron temperature in the sheath, and electron heating rate increase with the increasing emission energy. This is attributed to the extra heating of the energetic electrons in the EEDF tail. The non-equilibrium EEDF is obtained for strong non-local distributions of the electric field, electron heating rate, excitation, and ionization rate, indicating the discharge has transited from a volume heating (α-mode dominated) into a sheath heating (γ-mode dominated) type. In addition, the electron injection not only modifies the self-bias voltage, but also enhances the electron flux that can reach the electrodes. Moreover, the relative population of energetic electrons significantly increases with the electron injection compared to that without the electron injection, relevant for modifying the gas and surface chemistry reactions.
Embryological background of low seed set in distylous common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) with biased morph ratios, and biostimulant-induced improvement of it
Authors: Słomka Aneta , Michno Klaudia , Dubert Franciszek , Dziurka Michał , Kopeć Przemysław , Płażek Agnieszka
Published: September 2017

The biased ratio (1 : 2.7–1 : 19) of long-styled Pin and short-styled Thrum flowers (anisoplethy) in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) with low seed set (9.8–33.1%) is documented for the first time in two cultivars (Kora, Panda) and two strains (PA13, PA14). To establish the reasons for low grain yield we studied pollen, embryo sacs, embryos, counted stigmas with compatible pollen and with compatible pollen tubes, and recorded seed set under semi-controlled conditions with open access of pollinators. We also sought to improve seed yield via exogenous application of eight biostimulants at the beginning of flowering. Pin pollen supply to Thrum stigmas was low, due to the imbalance of flower morphs. This did not affect seed set or male success in either flower morph. The pollen of Pin or Thrum was highly viable (97.9–99.9%) in all studied cultivars and strains, germinating well on compatible stigmas. The female success of both flower types was much lower; 49–59% of the ovules exhibited signs of degeneration (whole flower buds, ovules only) or abortion (mature embryo sacs, proembryos, embryos); the highest share of mature embryo sac abortions resulted from degeneration of synergids or the whole egg apparatus. Three biostimulants (Gibberellic acid, putrescine, Asahi SL) in PA13 and six (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, Gibberellic acid, TYTANIT, putrescine, 6-Benzylaminopurine, Asahi SL) in PA14 decreased embryo abortions (4–12 fold) and increased seed set (0.4–2.4 times), but seed set was still low and never exceeded 33% (the highest value of the untreated with biostimulants plants). Biostimulant treatments were most effective on PA14 strain increasing seed set in 7 out of 8 treatments. These were Gibberellic acid, putrescine and Asahi SL improving seed set of two among four analysed genotypes.
Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying seed oil content of soybean including main, epistatic and QTL×environment effects in different regions of Northeast China
Authors: Teng Weili , Zhang Binbin , Zhang Qi , Li Wen , Wu Depeng , Yang Hui , Zhao Xue , Han Yingpeng , Li Wenbin
Published: September 2017

Oil content is a primary trait in soybean and determines the quality of soy food, feed and oil product. Increasing oil content is a major objective of soybean breeding. The aims of the present study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and epistatic QTLs associated with oil content in soybean seed by using 129 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between cultivar Dongnong 46 (oil content 22.53%) and the semi-wild line L-100 (oil content 17.33%). Phenotypic data were collected from 10 tested environments including Harbin in the years 2012–15, Hulan in 2013–15 and Acheng in 2013–15. A genetic linkage map including 213 simple sequence repeat markers in 18 chromosomes (or linkage groups) was constructed, covering ~3623.39 cM. Seven QTLs, located on five chromosomes (or linkage groups), were identified to be associated with oil content, explaining 2.24–17.54% of the phenotypic variation in multi-environments. Among these identified QTLs, five (qOIL-2, qOIL-4, qOIL-5, qOIL-6 and qOIL-7) were detected in more than five environments. Seven QTLs had additive and/or additive × environment interaction effects. QTLs with higher additive effects were more stable in multi-environments than those with lower additive effects. Moreover, five epistatic, pairwise QTLs were identified in different environments. The findings with respect to genetic architecture for oil content could be valuable for marker-assisted selection in soybean breeding programs for high oil content.
Indicators of burn severity at extended temporal scales: a decade of ecosystem response in mixed-conifer forests of western Montana
Authors: Lewis Sarah A. , Hudak Andrew T. , Robichaud Peter R. , Morgan Penelope , Satterberg Kevin L. , Strand Eva K. , Smith Alistair M. S. , Zamudio Joseph A. , Lentile Leigh B.
Published: September 2017

We collected field and remotely sensed data spanning 10 years after three 2003 Montana wildfires to monitor ecological change across multiple temporal and spatial scales. Multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis was used to create post-fire maps of: char, soil, green (GV) and non-photosynthetic (NPV) vegetation from high-resolution 2003 hyperspectral (HS) and 2007 QuickBird (QB) imagery, and from Landsat 5 and 8 imagery collected on anniversary dates in 2002, 2003 (post fire), 2004, 2007 and 2013. Initial estimates of char and NPV from the HS images were significantly correlated with their ground-measured counterparts (ρ=0.60 (P=0.03) and 0.68 (P=0.01) respectively), whereas HS GV and Landsat GV were correlated with canopy GV (ρ=0.75 and 0.70 (P=0.003) respectively). HS imagery had stronger direct correlations with all classes of fine-scale ground data than Landsat and also had stronger predictive correlations with 10-year canopy data (ρ=0.65 (P=0.02) to 0.84 (P=0.0003)). There was less than 5% understorey GV cover on the sites initially, but by 2013, it had increased to nearly 60% regardless of initial condition. The data suggest it took twice as long for understorey GV and NPV to replace char and soil as primary ground cover components on the high-burn-severity sites compared with other sites.
The argument from surprise
Authors: Currie Adrian
Published: September 2017

I develop an account of productive surprise as an epistemic virtue of scientific investigations which does not turn on psychology alone. On my account, a scientific investigation is potentially productively surprising when (1) results can conflict with epistemic expectations, (2) those expectations pertain to a wide set of subjects. I argue that there are two sources of such surprise in science. One source, often identified with experiments, involves bringing our theoretical ideas in contact with new empirical observations. Another, often identified with simulations, involves articulating and bringing together different parts of our knowledge. Both experiments and simulations, then, can surprise.
Cell–cell adhesion accounts for the different orientation of columnar and hepatocytic cell divisions
Authors: Lázaro-Diéguez Francisco , Müsch Anne
Published: September 2017

Mitotic spindle alignment with the basal or substrate-contacting domain ensures that dividing epithelial cells remain in the plane of the monolayer. Spindle orientation with respect to the substratum is established in metaphase coincident with maximal cell rounding, which enables unobstructed spindle rotation. Misaligned metaphase spindles are believed to result in divisions in which one daughter loses contact with the basal lamina. Here we describe a rescue mechanism that drives substrate-parallel spindle alignment of quasi-diagonal metaphase spindles in anaphase. It requires a Rho- and E-cadherin adhesion–dependent, substrate-parallel contractile actin belt at the apex that governs anaphase cell flattening. In contrast to monolayered Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, hepatocytic epithelial cells, which typically feature tilted metaphase spindles, lack this anaphase flattening mechanism and as a consequence maintain their spindle tilt through cytokinesis. This results in out-of-monolayer divisions, which we propose contribute to the stratified organization of hepatocyte cords in vivo.
­­­Silencing of retrotransposons by SETDB1 inhibits the interferon response in acute myeloid leukemia­­
Authors: Cuellar Trinna L. , Herzner Anna-Maria , Zhang Xiaotian , Goyal Yogesh , Watanabe Colin , Friedman Brad A. , Janakiraman Vasantharajan , Durinck Steffen , Stinson Jeremy , Arnott David , Cheung Tommy K. , Chaudhuri Subhra , Modrusan Zora , Doerr Jonas Martin , Classon Marie , Haley Benjamin
Published: September 2017

A propensity for rewiring genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks, thus enabling sustained cell proliferation, suppression of apoptosis, and the ability to evade the immune system, is vital to cancer cell propagation. An increased understanding of how this is achieved is critical for identifying or improving therapeutic interventions. In this study, using acute myeloid leukemia (AML) human cell lines and a custom CRISPR/Cas9 screening platform, we identify the H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB1 as a novel, negative regulator of innate immunity. SETDB1 is overexpressed in many cancers, and loss of this gene in AML cells triggers desilencing of retrotransposable elements that leads to the production of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). This is coincident with induction of a type I interferon response and apoptosis through the dsRNA-sensing pathway. Collectively, our findings establish a unique gene regulatory axis that cancer cells can exploit to circumvent the immune system.
Dissecting hematopoietic and renal cell heterogeneity in adult zebrafish at single-cell resolution using RNA sequencing
Authors: Tang Qin , Iyer Sowmya , Lobbardi Riadh , Moore John C. , Chen Huidong , Lareau Caleb , Hebert Christine , Shaw McKenzie L. , Neftel Cyril , Suva Mario L. , Ceol Craig J. , Bernards Andre , Aryee Martin , Pinello Luca , Drummond Iain A. , Langenau David M.
Published: September 2017

Recent advances in single-cell, transcriptomic profiling have provided unprecedented access to investigate cell heterogeneity during tissue and organ development. In this study, we used massively parallel, single-cell RNA sequencing to define cell heterogeneity within the zebrafish kidney marrow, constructing a comprehensive molecular atlas of definitive hematopoiesis and functionally distinct renal cells found in adult zebrafish. Because our method analyzed blood and kidney cells in an unbiased manner, our approach was useful in characterizing immune-cell deficiencies within DNA–protein kinase catalytic subunit (prkdc), interleukin-2 receptor γ a (il2rga), and double-homozygous–mutant fish, identifying blood cell losses in T, B, and natural killer cells within specific genetic mutants. Our analysis also uncovered novel cell types, including two classes of natural killer immune cells, classically defined and erythroid-primed hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, mucin-secreting kidney cells, and kidney stem/progenitor cells. In total, our work provides the first, comprehensive, single-cell, transcriptomic analysis of kidney and marrow cells in the adult zebrafish.
A coarse-grained computational model of the nuclear pore complex predicts Phe-Gly nucleoporin dynamics
Authors: Pulupa Joan , Rachh Manas , Tomasini Michael D. , Mincer Joshua S. , Simon Sanford M.
Published: September 2017

The phenylalanine-glycine–repeat nucleoporins (FG-Nups), which occupy the lumen of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), are critical for transport between the nucleus and cytosol. Although NPCs differ in composition across species, they are largely conserved in organization and function. Transport through the pore is on the millisecond timescale. Here, to explore the dynamics of nucleoporins on this timescale, we use coarse-grained computational simulations. These simulations generate predictions that can be experimentally tested to distinguish between proposed mechanisms of transport. Our model reflects the conserved structure of the NPC, in which FG-Nup filaments extend into the lumen and anchor along the interior of the channel. The lengths of the filaments in our model are based on the known characteristics of yeast FG-Nups. The FG-repeat sites also bind to each other, and we vary this association over several orders of magnitude and run 100-ms simulations for each value. The autocorrelation functions of the orientation of the simulated FG-Nups are compared with in vivo anisotropy data. We observe that FG-Nups reptate back and forth through the NPC at timescales commensurate with experimental measurements of the speed of cargo transport through the NPC. Our results are consistent with models of transport where FG-Nup filaments are free to move across the central channel of the NPC, possibly informing how cargo might transverse the NPC.
Age-related pacemaker deterioration is due to impaired intracellular and membrane mechanisms: Insights from numerical modeling
Authors: Behar Joachim , Yaniv Yael
Published: September 2017

Age-related deterioration of pacemaker function has been documented in mammals, including humans. In aged isolated sinoatrial node tissues and cells, reduction in the spontaneous action potential (AP) firing rate was associated with deterioration of intracellular and membrane mechanisms; however, their relative contribution to age-associated deficient pacemaker function is not known. Interestingly, pharmacological interventions that increase posttranslation modification signaling activities can restore the basal and maximal AP firing rate, but the identities of the protein targets responsible for AP firing rate restoration are not known. Here, we developed a numerical model that simulates the function of a single mouse pacemaker cell. In addition to describing membrane and intracellular mechanisms, the model includes descriptions of autonomic receptor activation pathways and posttranslation modification signaling cascades. The numerical model shows that age-related deterioration of pacemaker function is related to impaired intracellular and membrane mechanisms: HCN4, T-type channels, and phospholamban functions, as well as the node connecting these mechanisms, i.e., intracellular Ca2+ and posttranslation modification signaling. To explain the restored maximal beating rate in response to maximal phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, autonomic receptor stimulation, or infused cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the model predicts that phospholamban phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) and HCN4 sensitivity to cAMP are altered in advanced age. Moreover, alteration in PKA and cAMP sensitivity can also explain age-reduced sensitivity to PDE inhibition and autonomic receptor stimulation. Finally, the numerical model suggests two pharmacological approaches and one gene manipulation method to restore the basal beating rate of aged pacemaker cells to that of normal adult cells. In conclusion, our numerical model shows that impaired membrane and intracellular mechanisms and the nodes that couple them can lead to deteriorated pacemaker function. By increasing posttranslation modification signaling, the deteriorated basal and maximal age-associated beating rate can be restored to adult levels.
Predicting brain tumor regrowth in relation to motor areas by functional brain mapping
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Laub Tobias , Kelm Anna , Albers Lucia , Kirschke Jan S , Combs Stephanie E , Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro M
Published: September 2017

Background

Due to frequent recurrences, high-grade gliomas still confer a poor prognosis. Several regrowth prediction models have been developed, but most of these models are based on cellular models or dynamic mathematical calculations, thus limiting direct clinical use. The present study aims to evaluate whether navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may be used to predict the direction of tumor regrowth.

Methods

Sixty consecutive patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled prospectively and analyzed in a case-control design after tumor recurrence. All patients underwent serial MRI after surgery and suffered from recurrent tumors during a mean follow-up of 13.2 ± 14.9 months. Tumor regrowth speed and direction were measured in relation to motor areas defined by nTMS, nTMS-based tractography, and fMRI. Depending on initial resection, patients were separated into three groups (group 1: without residual tumor, group 2: residual tumor away from motor areas, and group 3: residual tumor facing motor areas).

Results

Sixty-nine percent of patients in group 1, 64.3% in group 2, and 66.7% in group 3 showed tumor recurrence towards motor eloquence on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences (P = .9527). Average growth towards motor areas on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences was 0.6 ± 1.5 (group 1), 0.6 ± 2.4 (group 2), and 2.3 ± 5.5 (group 3) mm/month (P = .0492).

Conclusion

This study suggests a new strategy to predict tumor regrowth patterns in high-grade glioma patients. Our approach could be directly applied in the clinical setting, thus having clinical impact on both surgical treatment and radiotherapy planning.

Ethics Committee Registration Number

2793/10.
Taxes, Transfers, and Women’s Labor Supply in the United States
Authors: Guldi Melanie , Schmidt Lucie
Published: September 2017

The US tax and transfer system generates revenue and provides safety net programs that move millions out of poverty. Since women are more likely to live in poverty, they are more likely to qualify for means-tested transfers. The structure of taxation in the United States often penalizes secondary earners, who are usually women. These programs alter work incentives and consequently may affect labor supply decisions. In this chapter, we examine the empirical evidence on the effects of taxes and transfers on the labor supply of women in the United States. We show that much has changed since 1990, with the biggest shift being a change from cash transfers via welfare to refundable tax credits to workers. Overall, the evidence we review shows women have higher labor force participation and are less responsive to changes in after-tax wages than they were before 1990, but the labor supply effects vary substantially by program considered.
Women and the Labor Market
Authors: Jacobsen Joyce P.
Published: September 2017

This chapter first outlines the feminist economics intellectual project. While feminist economics has its roots in nineteenth-century political economy, it has undergone most of its development within the past quarter century. The chapter explains the application of feminist principles to two standard labor economics topics: labor supply and earnings, and the more specifically feminist topic of provision of caring labor. The differences between standard neoclassical theory and predictions, and feminist economic theory and predictions, are outlined in each section. The chapter closes with some feminist perspectives on economic empiricism and the methodological underpinnings of empirical work in labor economics.
Megaproject Stakeholder Management
Authors: Winch Graham M.
Published: September 2017

Effective stakeholder management is crucial for megaproject development and delivery. This chapter provides an extensive review of the project stakeholder management literature, which is largely instrumental rather than descriptive or normative, and in particular fails to address the stakes of the natural environment and future generations in megaprojects. Drawing on developments in stakeholder management theory in strategic management research, the chapter proposes to broaden the agenda to a megaprojects and society perspective and to stress the political, economic, and ethical aspects in the context of an analysis which draws on institutional theory.
Ad Fontes
Authors: Schad Jonathan
Published: September 2017

With paradox moving toward a meta-theory, research is increasingly drawing on its rich philosophical foundation. These include diverse fields such as dialectics, existentialism, and logic, each of which emphasizes different aspects of paradoxes. However, discussions have mostly focused on single philosophical aspects, potentially leading to an incomplete and polarized view of paradox and hindering cross-fertilization. At worst, this development turns into reproducing “paradigm wars.” To avoid this, I introduce the main philosophical foundations dealing with different aspects of paradox, and interpret them as lenses. As such, I link them to paradox research in management, provide a systematic overview, and highlight avenues for future research.
Skills Training in DBT
Authors: Cowperthwait Colleen M. , Wyatt Kristin P. , Fang Caitlin M. , Neacsiu Andrada D.
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines modifications to and implementation of the skills training mode of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT). Skills training in DBT is often modified, and the implementation of these adaptations is often inconsistent with the evidence-base for DBT. This chapter provides guidance for adapting skills training for implementation in community-based settings. It reviews theoretical underpinnings of DBT skills training, the content and general structure of skills training, and empirical support for adaptations of skills training. It discusses how the broad principles that guide DBT—Zen, behaviour therapy, and dialectical philosophy—are applied in skills training group. It then discusses practical considerations, including recommendations for starting a new group and making research-informed decisions when modifying skills training in community-based settings. Finally, it includes case examples and a decision tree that contains specific recommendations for which DBT skills training adaptation to consider with particular clinical presentations.
Cost-Effectiveness of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Miga Erin M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter aims to provide Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) cost-effectiveness information to assist funders, administrators, and providers in making decisions about borderline personality disorder (BPD) service provision. It provides brief overviews of BPD service provision challenges, how they relate to DBT and of DBT adherence, and current cost effectiveness research of DBT. DBT is the treatment for borderline personality disorder that offers Level 1 (highest level) evidence of efficacy and effectiveness, but data on cost-effectiveness is variable, limited, and largely descriptive; however, it is the only treatment with sufficient data for meta-analyses. Despite the limited existing data, DBT currently offers an evidence-based option that is likely to meet the financial objectives of funders, economists, accountants, administrators, providers, and consumers.
Animate Shadows of Bears and Giants
Authors: Conti Kevin , Walker William H.
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the performance of light and shadows in two ancestral Pueblo rock art sites in southeast Utah. These sites possess anthropomorphic rock faces and modified features to create both anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images that we argue derive from mythological traditions of Pueblo peoples. Specifically, light/shadow patterns at these sites produce and interact with Bear and War Twin imagery on prominent dates of the solar calendar. Traditionally such imagery would be approached through rock art studies in terms of motifs and symbolic interpretations. The celestial component would be addressed by archaeoastronomers. Using object agency theory, we seek to contextualize these data as places where people communicated with their Bear and War Twin deities.
In Visible Presence
Authors: Bille Mikkel , Sørensen Tim Flohr
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the uses and perception of light in religious architecture. Often characterized as an ambiguous materiality—neither concrete and tangible nor distinctly immaterial—light seems to offer itself readily as both matter and metaphor for the divine. We argue in this chapter that this is precisely what happens in contemporary Danish churches, yet not without conflicts between the ideal of immaterial divinity and the need for tangible religious practices. We trace a number of luminous as well as numinous qualities to medieval church architecture, still in use today, and show that despite architectural continuities, modernist churches capture and cherish light in a number of ways that emphasize mainly its immaterial aspects. Architectonic discourse is seen as challenged by light practices in the churches, where light lends itself as an instrument for bridging the ontological positions of matter and spirit.
Industrializing Light
Authors: West Ian
Published: September 2017

The evolution of the factory in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was one of the most significant components of the process of industrialization, the impact of which is still being felt today. Early factories played a vital part in the development of artificial lighting, particularly in the use of gas lights. This role was not confined to the pioneering of the technology; also, perhaps more significantly, it altered public attitudes to these new forms of illumination. This chapter describes these technological and social developments, but also shows how the changes which new lighting technologies brought to the workplace were often not as many previous authors have assumed.
Illuminating Triangulations
Authors: Pauketat Timothy R.
Published: September 2017

The moon and its moonlight mediated human and non-human relationships in ways that a relational theory of bundling helps us to understand. Similar to assemblage, bundling better captures the ways that human perceptions involve triangulations and transfers. Pre-Columbian human experience in the Mississippi River valley was intimately aligned to the nightly, monthly, and generational cycles of the moon as these converged with the earth and other moving entities, things, and phenomena as sensed by people. Cahokian and other early Mississippian-era mounded complexes—Trempealeau, Angel, and Emerald in particular—mimicked specific lunar phenomena on earth and, in that way, articulated the powers of the moon among people in ways that altered the broad sweep of pre-Columbian indigenous history.
Citizenship and Cultural Diversity
Authors: Weinstock Daniel
Published: September 2017

The concept of citizenship denotes a legal status, an identity, and a range of distinctive activities and practices. These dimensions of citizenship are unified by the fact that they are all underpinned by a unifying and universalist logic. Modern societies are culturally diverse. Many of them are constitutively diverse, in that cultural diversity was present at their founding. Others are contingently diverse, in that they have been subject to processes such as immigration that has diversified them after founding. Many arguments have been developed to show that there are strong grounds, compatible with a broadly liberal political ethics, to resist arguments for shared citizenship in the context of constitutively culturally diverse societies. But contingently culturally diverse societies, to the degree that they recognize and enforce individual rights, are also ill-equipped to enforce a thick shared citizenship identity. Perfectionist arguments for citizenship fall foul of liberal principles. Rather than a shared identity or shared obligations imposed by the state, multicultural societies can see the emergence of shared identities and ethos emerging “from below”.
Citizenship in Immigration States
Authors: Joppke Christian
Published: September 2017

This chapter traces the development of citizenship in immigrant-receiving states, comparing the Gulf States in the Middle East with the Western states of Europe and North America. In particular, I juxtapose these states` opposite responses to the fact of immigration, which is exclusion in the Gulf and inclusion in the West. These opposite responses articulate a structural ambivalence of citizenship, which is to be inclusive to the inside but exclusive to the outside. Among the factors conditioning inclusive or exclusive outcomes are the liberal-democratic features of Western states and the autocratic and rentier character of Gulf States.
Does Citizenship Matter?
Authors: Bloemraad Irene
Published: September 2017

Does holding citizenship matter? Do countries reap benefits or face disadvantages from extending citizenship status? A “postnational” or “denationalized” view holds that citizenship’s saliency has decreased with the normative and legal extension of human rights and growth of more local or transnational identities. Others contend that citizenship is just a “hollow promise” of little substantive help to the disadvantaged. Surprisingly, the empirical evidence for citizenship’s significance is thin, in part due to significant data and methodological challenges in identifying effects. Nevertheless, existing research suggests that citizenship status may increase political and civic participation, carry economic benefits, strengthen identification with the national community, and improve social integration. Effects are modest, however, though stronger for non-Western immigrants living in liberal democracies. Moving forward, researchers must investigate not just whether citizenship matters, but for whom, in what contexts, and why. The chapter elaborates six possible mechanisms linking citizenship status to life experiences.
Multilevel Citizenship
Authors: Maas Willem
Published: September 2017

Federal citizenship is one of several kinds of divided and overlapping sovereignties, in which two or more distinct polities coexist on the same territory. Multilevel citizenship requires a sense of political peoplehood (even if this identity is weaker than the peoplehood promoted by nation-states, as in most subnational and supranational identities) coupled with a means of involving citizens in decision-making. Citizenship today is usually conceived as a unitary relationship between individuals and a sovereign state, a conception that can be traced back to Westphalia even though local citizenships dominated in most countries until relatively recently. Contemporary developments at supranational, subnational, and transnational levels mean that citizenship is returning to the historical norm of a patchwork of different statuses operating simultaneously. This is evident in the rise of supranational citizenship in the European Union, Unasur, and elsewhere, devolution to regional authorities, and the reemergence of cities as key venues of citizenship.
On Refugeehood and Citizenship
Authors: Costello Cathryn
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the relationship between citizenship and refugeehood. In particular, it examines the extent to which loss of meaningful citizenship defines the predicament of the refugee. It then examines the status of refugee and refugee rights. Thirdly, it considers how refugeehood comes to an end, in particular the role of citizenship (new or restored) in ending refugeehood. Citizenship is formally viewed as bringing refugeehood to an end, whether that emerges as return to the home country or naturalisation in a new state. However, in practice, a new citizenship for many refugees remains out of reach, and the status of refugee often becomes an intergenerational carrier of civic and social exclusion. The reflects the realities of refugee containment, in contrast to the vision of shared responsibility that underpins the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees and the refugee regime.
Citizenship and Membership Duties Toward Quasi-Citizens
Authors: Smith Rogers
Published: September 2017

In the 20th century, nation-states became the dominant form of political community around the world. Yet, aided by transportation and communications innovations, many 21st century states are forming regional partnerships; accepting dual or multiple national and transnational citizenships; and granting forms of “quasi-citizenship” to many who reside outside their boundaries but still have special relationships with those states, or who reside within them without full citizenship. What are states’ duties to the residents of their regional partners, to their former colonies, and to those who hold forms of “quasi-citizenship”? Many obligations arise from treaties and statutes. But constitutional democracies also have moral duties toward those whose identities and aspirations they have substantially shaped through their coercively enforced policies. Those duties may include obligations to provide financial aid, to permit immigration, to grant regional or group political autonomy, to extend full formal citizenship, to offer opportunities for voice and contestation, or any of a range of other options.
Love and Evolution
Authors: Ruse Michael
Published: September 2017

Evolution today means Darwinian evolution, and that means natural selection. Can natural selection tell us anything about love? Sex and love are intertwined. They are not the same, but the former can give insights to the latter. Natural selection can tell us a great deal about sex. Why we have sex, why we have only two sexes, why some people have same-sex orientation. Can natural selection give us insights into the nature of love? Much depends on what one means by “love,” but selection can be remarkably informative about some standard notions involving passion, commitment, honor, and much more.
“From Right in Front of the Sun”
Authors: Eiselt B. Sunday , Snow David
Published: September 2017

Plains-Pueblo research typically examines issues of culture contact, culture history, and social evolutionary trajectories leading up to European colonization. While previous approaches have shaped current understandings of Plains-Pueblo exchange, they fail to appreciate the role of Athapaskans in prevailing models of regional interactions in the American Southwest during the Protohistoric period (1450–1700 ce). This chapter discusses the social institutions and practices that enabled the Athapaskans to dominate southern Plains bison economies and trade with eastern frontier Pueblos. A reconceptualization of Athapaskan-Pueblo interaction draws attention to the deep history of the Plains-Pueblo interface based on trade, kinship, and residence during the pre-colonial to colonial transition.
On-Site Test to Detect Syphilis in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Test Accuracy Studies
Authors: Rogozińska E. , Kara-Newton L. , Zamora J. R. , Khan K. S.
Published: September 2017

(Abstracted from BJOG 2017;124:734–741)

Syphilis, an infection of the Treponema pallidum bacterium, can easily go undetected. This sexually transmitted infection can affect pregnant women and lead to adverse outcomes through vertical infection including congenital anomalies and neonatal death.
Live Birth Derived From Oocyte Spindle Transfer to Prevent Mitochondrial Disease
Authors: Zhang John , Liu Hui , Luo Shiyu , Lu Zhuo , Chávez-Badiola Alejandro , Liu Zitao , Yang Mingxue , Merhi Zaher , Silber Sherman J. , Munné Santiago , Konstandinidis Michalis , Wells Dagan , Huang Taosheng
Published: September 2017

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed 2017;34:361–368)

It is estimated that at least 1 in 5000 people in the general population has 1 mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which can cause maternally inherited mitochondrial disorders. When both mutant mitochondrial and wild-type (normal) genomes coexist (heteroplasmy), the severity of symptoms is associated with the level of mtDNA mutation load or degree of heteroplasmy.