bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acompanhamento psiquiátrico assertivo na redução da duração do tratamento
Authors: Nascimento Flávio H. , Abreu Fabiano de
Published: July 2023

O tratamento psiquiátrico é uma terapia que visa tratar transtornos mentais, emocionais e comportamentais. Envolve a utilização de abordagens clínicas e farmacológicas, sendo conduzido por profissionais de saúde mental especializados, como médicos psiquiatras. Ele busca aliviar sintomas, melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente e promover sua estabilidade emocional, pode envolver o uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos, terapias psicoterapêuticas individuais ou em grupo, intervenções psicossociais e suporte psicossocial. O tratamento é baseado em uma avaliação completa do paciente, considerando seus sintomas, histórico médico e psicossocial. É importante reconhecer, no entanto, que, em certos casos, o tratamento psiquiátrico pode se estender por muitos anos, especialmente quando se trata de doenças crônicas ou recorrentes. Todavia é essencial ter em mente que o objetivo da abordagem terapêutica é alcançar a estabilidade e a qualidade de vida do paciente, sempre buscando reduzir a dependência de medicamentos e a duração do tratamento. Um acompanhamento psiquiátrico assertivo é fundamental para entender as necessidades individuais do paciente e seu contexto social, familiar e psicológico. Ao considerar esses aspectos, os profissionais de saúde mental podem direcionar o tratamento de forma personalizada, com abordagens multidisciplinares, que podem incluir terapia psicoterapêutica, modificação do estilo de vida, suporte social e intervenções farmacológicas adequadas. A busca por reduzir a duração do tratamento psiquiátrico não implica em pressa ou negligência, mas sim em uma abordagem individualizada e eficaz. O foco está em alcançar a remissão dos sintomas, quando possível, fortalecer a resiliência do paciente e promover a autonomia na gestão de sua saúde mental. O acompanhamento regular, aliado a estratégias terapêuticas personalizadas, visa a manutenção dos resultados positivos a longo prazo.
Efectividad del tratamiento con células madre en pacientes con gonartrosis en la Clínica Art Medic 2017
Authors:   , Duran Echevarria Sofia Isabel
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Conocer la efectividad del tratamiento con Células Madre en pacientes con Gonartrosis en la clínica Art Medic 2017. Material y Método: La presente tesis fue de nivel correlacional y un estudio de tipo observacional, retrospectivo y transversal. Se aplicaron Células Madre Mesenquimales obtenidas de Tejido Adiposo, para esto se realizó una mini liposucción obteniendo 60 cm3 tejido adiposo, tras una serie de pasos descritos más adelante de obtuvo de 3 x 107 a 6 x 107 de células nucleadas que se aplicó a cada articulación a tratar. Para medir dolor, rigidez y capacidad funcional se utilizó el cuestionario WOMAC, en cuanto a la severidad radiológica se usó la clasificación Kellgren-Lawrence. De las historias clínicas se obtuvieron los datos necesarios para su realización; para el análisis de datos se usó IBM SPSS Statistics 22, donde se realizó la prueba de normalidad Kolmogorov-Smirnov, finalmente la prueba T-Student. Resultados: En cuanto al dolor disminuyó de 16.1 ± 1.3 a 12.5 ± 1.6, la rigidez cambió de 6.5 ± 0.7 a 3.91 ± 0.9, la capacidad funcional mejoró de 60.7 ± 4.2 a 48 ±4.4 por último, la severidad radiológica mostró valores diferentes post tratamiento de 3.1 ± 0.4 a 2.7 a 0.6. Conclusiones: La percepción del dolor disminuyó considerablemente, hubo un cambio positivo en el valor de la rigidez, la capacidad funcional se redujo de forma factible; en cuanto a la severidad radiológica se identificó que hubo diferencia positiva tras la aplicación de Células Madre.
Morbilidad Neonatal Asociada A Gestantes Con Infección Urinaria Atendidas En El Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz, 2015-2019
Authors:   , Colonia Ramos Karina Mercedes
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la morbilidad neonatal y la infección del tracto urinario en gestantes que se atienden en el Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz, 2015 - 2019. Materiales y Métodos: El tipo de estudio fue cuantitativa, observacional, analítico, de casos y controles, retrospectivo, y transversal. La población que se incluyó en el estudio fue de 384 historias clínicas de gestantes, siendo está conformada por 192 casos (gestantes con ITU) y 192 controles (gestantes sin ITU), se empleó una ficha de recolección de datos de autoría propia con una metodología de revisión documental; posteriormente se procesaron los datos en el programa estadístico SPSS v 25. Resultados: Se encontró que existe asociación significativa entre la infección de tracto urinario y morbilidad neonatal (X2:158.839; p<0.001), y OR=22.123 (IC: 95%; 12.960-37.767), la presencia de infección urinaria en el II trimestre se asoció a morbilidad neonatal (X2=7.916, p-valor=0.005); OR=1.344 (IC: 95%; 1.230-1.469). La presencia de E. coli es el agente más frecuente causal de infección urinaria, hallándose asociación con la presencia de patologías neonatales (X2=3.955; p-valor=0.047); OR=2.235 (IC: 95%; 0.999-5.001). La patología neonatal más asociada a la infección urinaria es la sepsis neonatal (X2=122.360, p-valor<0.001); asimismo, se halló que la infección urinaria reportó un OR=36.636 (IC: 95%; 15.486- 86.673). Conclusiones: Se concluye que la infeccion del tracto urinario se encuentra asociado a la presencia de morbilidad en el neonato, afectando gravemente en la salud del recien nacido
Medicare Coding Changes and Reported Hernia Size
Authors: Hallway Alexander , Isenberg Erin , Howard Ryan , O’Neill Sean , Shao Jenny , Schoel Leah , Rubyan Michael , Ehlers Anne , Telem Dana
Published: January 2025

This study examines the association between CMS coding changes that tied the reimbursement schedule for anterior abdominal hernia repair to the size of the hernia and documented hernia size using a population-level statewide hernia data registry.
Colorectal Cancer and Central Obesity
Authors: Safizadeh Fatemeh , Mandic Marko , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: January 2025

Importance

The proportion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases attributable to excess weight, known as population attributable fraction (PAF), has been commonly based on measures of body mass index (BMI). Central obesity metrics, such as waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), are potentially better indicators of adiposity and have demonstrated stronger associations with CRC incidence.

Objectives

To examine PAFs of CRC cases that are attributable to high WC and WHR and compare them to those attributable to high BMI.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based UK Biobank cohort study included 458 543 individuals aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment (March 2006 to July 2010) living within a reasonable distance of the 22 assessment centers across the UK. The analyses were conducted between May and July 2024.

Exposures

Exposures were BMI, as a measure of general obesity, and WC and WHR, as indicators of central obesity.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated for the associations of BMI, WC, and WHR with CRC incidence. The PAFs and 95% CIs of CRC cases attributable to high BMI, WC, and WHR were also calculated.

Results

A total of 458 543 participants (median [IQR] age, 57 [50-63] years; 244 351 [53.3%] female) were included in the study. During a median follow-up of 11.8 (IQR, 10.9-12.5) years, 5944 participants were diagnosed with CRC. The HRs for the association with CRC incidence were notably smaller for BMI (HR for the highest vs lowest BMI quartile, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14-1.33) than for WC (HR for the highest vs lowest WC quartile, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.27-1.49) and WHR (HR for the highest vs lowest WHR quartile, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.29-1.51); these associations became comparable only after accounting for possible reverse causality by excluding the initial years of follow-up. Similarly, the PAF of CRC for high BMI was 9.9% (95% CI, 5.5%-14.4%), substantially lower than the PAFs for high WC and WHR, which were 17.3% (95% CI, 12.3%-22.1%) and 17.6% (95% CI, 12.9%-22.2%), respectively. After excluding the initial 7 years of follow-up, PAF estimates became analogous across all measures of obesity and were 15.7% (95% CI, 8.9%-22.4%) for BMI, 16.9% (95% CI, 9.8%-23.8%) for WC, and 18.0% (95% CI, 11.5%-24.6%) for WHR.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of approximately half a million participants, the PAF of CRC attributable to excess weight, defined as high BMI, was considerably underestimated. The PAFs attributable to WC and WHR were consistent and much higher, underlining the importance of efforts to limit and overcome the obesity epidemic in CRC prevention.
Cost-Effectiveness of Noninvasive Colorectal Cancer Screening in Community Clinics
Authors: Nascimento de Lima Pedro , Matrajt Laura , Coronado Gloria , Escaron Anne L. , Rutter Carolyn M.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Several noninvasive tests for colorectal cancer screening are available, but their effectiveness in settings with low adherence to screening and follow-up colonoscopy is not well documented.

Objective

To assess the cost-effectiveness of and outcomes associated with noninvasive colorectal cancer screening strategies, including new blood-based tests, in a population with low adherence to screening and ongoing surveillance colonoscopy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The validated microsimulation model used for the decision analytical modeling study projected screening outcomes from 2025 to 2124 for a simulated cohort of 10 million individuals aged 50 years in 2025 and representative of a predominantly Hispanic or Latino patient population served by a Federally Qualified Health Center in Southern California. The simulated population had low adherence to first-step noninvasive testing (45%), second-step follow-up colonoscopy after an abnormal noninvasive test result (40%), and ongoing surveillance colonoscopy among patients with high-risk findings at follow-up colonoscopy (80%).

Exposures

Colorectal cancer screening strategies included no screening, an annual or biennial fecal immunochemical test, a triennial multitarget stool DNA test, and a triennial blood-based test. Using a blood-based test was assumed to increase first-step adherence by 17.5 percentage points.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes included colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, life-years gained and quality-adjusted life-years gained relative to no screening, costs, and net monetary benefit assuming a willingness to pay of $100 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

Results

Under realistic adherence assumptions, a program of annual fecal immunochemical testing was the most effective and cost-effective strategy, yielding 121 life-years gained per 1000 screened individuals and a net monetary benefit of $5883 per person. Triennial blood testing was the least effective, yielding 23 life-years gained per 1000, and was not cost-effective, with a negative net monetary benefit. Annual fecal immunochemical testing with 45% first-step adherence and 80% adherence to follow-up and surveillance colonoscopy yielded greater benefit than triennial blood testing with perfect adherence (88 vs 77 life-years gained per 1000).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study suggests that in a federally qualified health care setting, prioritizing the convenience of blood tests over less costly and more effective existing stool-based tests could result in higher costs and worse population-level outcomes. Novel screening modalities should be carefully evaluated for performance in community settings before widespread adoption.
Optic Nerve Melanocytoma With Vitreous Seeding
Authors: Coleman Brian R. , Dubovy Sander R. , Williams Basil K.
Published: January 2025

This case report discusses a diagnosis of optic nerve melanocytoma in a woman aged 55 years who presented with progressive painless vision loss over a 7-month period.
Progress and Outcomes of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring During Thyroidectomy
Authors: Hearn Madison , You Bin , Mady Leila J. , Frazier Kaitlyn M. , Morris-Wiseman Lilah , Mathur Aarti
Published: January 2025

Importance

Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) is not considered standard of care during thyroidectomy, and guidelines are vague about its use in the absence of strong evidence of superiority over visualization of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) alone.

Objective

To characterize patterns of IONM use during thyroidectomy in the US and evaluate the association of IONM with postoperative outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) thyroidectomy data from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2022. A nationally representative sample included adult patients without poorly differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent thyroidectomy at multiple centers. Data were collected from the time of surgery until 30 postoperative days through January 31, 2023.

Exposure

IONM during thyroidectomy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence of IONM during thyroidectomy and postoperative outcomes including RLN injury, hypocalcemia, and neck hematoma.

Results

A total of 44 265 patients undergoing thyroidectomy were included (77.2% female; mean [SD] age, 51.8 [15.2] years), with 30 633 (69.2%) using IONM. Common indications for surgery in the cohort were goiter (35.3%) and a single nodule or neoplasm (39.2%). The prevalence of IONM increased from 62.5% in 2016 to 75.9% in 2022. RLN injury occurred in 6.0% of cases. On propensity score–matched analyses, IONM was associated with decreased odds of RLN injury overall (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99) and decreased odds among patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (AOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99). IONM was not associated with postoperative hypocalcemia (AOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00) or neck hematoma (AOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that IONM during thyroidectomy has become routine, and use has increased over the last 7 years. IONM was associated with a slightly decreased odds of RLN injury, but no difference in hypocalcemia or neck hematoma. Although IONM use is widespread, further research is needed to identify patients who would benefit the most from this technology.
Light‐Fueled Self‐Oscillation of a Viscoelastic Liquid Crystal Elastomer Oscillator
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Haiming , Zhou Lin , Li Kai
Published: January 2025

Self‐oscillating systems based on active materials offer significant potential for creating autonomous intelligent machines by harnessing environmental energy and enabling self‐regulation. However, most such systems overlook the viscoelastic behavior of materials, which exhibit both elastic and viscous deformation under load, underscoring the importance of studying these effects on system performance. Herein, a viscoelastic liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) spring oscillator is presented and its dynamic behaviors are investigated. The dynamic governing equations of the oscillator are developed based on a linear thermoviscoelastic model. The analysis concludes that the system has a supercritical Hopf bifurcation between the static mode and the self‐oscillation mode. Exact expressions for amplitude and frequency, along with asymptotic equations and analytic solutions, are also provided. Additionally, key system parameters influencing the amplitude and frequency of the self‐oscillating system are examined. Especially, the viscoelasticity of LCE fiber greatly affects the bifurcation point, amplitude, and period of the oscillator. These results provide convenience and guidance for various applications, especially in related fields such as soft robotics, micromechanical systems, and energy harvesters.
Genetically Controlled Iron Oxide Biomineralization in Encapsulin Nanocompartments for Magnetic Manipulation of a Mammalian Cell Line
Authors: Efremova Maria V. , Wiedwald Ulf , Sigmund Felix , Bodea Silviu‐Vasile , Ohldag Hendrik , Feggeler Thomas , Meckenstock Ralf , Panzl Lorenz N. , Francke Jeroen , Beer Irina , Ivleva Natalia P. , Alieva Irina B. , Garanina Anastasiia S. , Semkina Alevtina S. , Curdt Franziska , Josten Nicolas , Wintz Sebastian , Farle Michael , Lavrijsen Reinoud , Abakumov Maxim A. , Winklhofer Michael , Westmeyer Gil G.
Published: January 2025

Magnetic nanoparticles have proven invaluable for biomechanical investigations due to their ability to exert localized forces. However, cellular delivery of exogenous magnetic agents often results in endosomal entrapment, thereby limiting their utility for manipulating subcellular structures.   This study characterizes and exploits fully genetically controlled biomineralization of iron‐oxide cores inside encapsulin nanocompartments to enable magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) and magnetic cell manipulation. The fraction of MACS‐retained cells showed substantial overexpression of encapsulins and exhibited both para‐ and ferrimagnetic responses with magnetic moments of 10−15 A m2 per cell, comparable to standard exogenous labels for MACS. Electron microscopy revealed that MACS‐retained cells contained densely packed agglomerates of ≈30 nm iron oxide cores consisting of ultrafine quasicrystalline ordered nuclei within an amorphous matrix of iron, oxygen, and phosphorus. Scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and Raman microspectroscopy confirmed that the iron‐oxide species are consistent with ferric oxide (Fe2O3). In addition, the encapsulin‐overexpressing MACS‐retained cells can be manipulated by a magnetic needle and regrown in patterns determined by magnetic gradients. This study demonstrates that the formation of quasicrystalline iron oxide with mixed para/ferrimagnetic behavior in the cytosol of mammalian cells enables magnetic manipulation without the delivery of exogenous agents.
Organic Permeable Base Transistors—Reliable Large‐Scale Anodization for High Frequency Devices
Authors: Bonil Amric , Darbandy Ghader , Frede Jan , Flemming Moritz , Matthus Christian , Petrauskas Lautaro , Wang Juan , Lim Kyung‐Geun , Kleemann Hans
Published: January 2025

Organic permeable base transistors (OPBTs) have demonstrated impressive performance and potential in various applications, such as display driving circuits, light‐emitting transistors, and logic circuits requiring high‐frequency operation. However, large‐scale implementation is hindered by fabrication reliability and repeatability issues, a problem also common with other types of organic transistors, leading to reliance on exceptional “hero” devices. To address this challenge, an electrochemical anodization process is scaled up and optimized for OPBTs to produce consistent performance across an entire 15 cm × 15 cm wafer. By controlling the Al base oxidation, an 87% yield of functional devices and a median transconductance of d−3is achieved S, proving that the anodization process does not degrade the device performance. Additionally, anodization reduces leakage current to below d−9A, increasing the current gain to a median of 106, and decreases the oxide capacitance (Cox) without affecting the transconductance (gm), resulting in a driving‐voltage normalized unity‐gain cutoff frequency (fT/V) of up to 2.6 MHzV−1. The validity of the experimental results is confirmed through properly calibrated technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulations, which rely on DC and small‐signal AC analysis of OPBTs, based on the underlying physical equations.
Quantum Dots Enable Perovskite Solar Cells Performance: Interactions, Mechanisms, Progresses, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Luo Zhao , Yin Wenxu , Wang Jianxun , Hua Yulu , Zhou Zihan , Zhang Wei , Chen Shumin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zheng Weitao
Published: January 2025

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained attention as a promising photovoltaic technology, offering high efficiency and cost‐effective manufacturing. However, challenges related to stability, carrier dynamics, and defect passivation have limited their commercialization. Quantum dots (QDs) have recently gained attention as versatile materials that can enhance the performance of PSCs through multiple mechanisms. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the interaction between QDs and perovskite are provided. Also, their impact on influence on crystallization, defect passivation, photon management, energy level alignment, and device stability is examined. By modulating perovskite crystal growth, QDs reduce grain boundaries and improve film crystallinity, while passivating defects and regulating energy levels to suppress non‐radiative recombination and enhance charge extraction. QD layers can also improve light absorption and provide encapsulation against environmental factors like moisture and oxygen, thus extending device longevity. While QD‐optimized PSCs are promising, further breakthroughs will require new material designs and synergistic integration strategies. This review offers insights into the current advancements and highlights future research directions for maximizing the potential of QDs in PSC applications.
Dual‐Scale Friction Dynamics Associated with Moiré Superlattices in Layered Materials
Authors: Bai Huizhong , Zou Guijin , Bao Hongwei , Li Suzhi , Ma Fei , Gao Huajian
Published: January 2025

The ultralow friction properties of 2D materials present significant potential for energy‐saving application. Atomic force microscopy experiments on the moiré superlattice of stacked 2D materials reveal that, beyond atomic stick‐slip dynamics, friction behaviors at the moiré scale introduce a new dominant energy dissipation mechanism. However, understanding these behaviors remains challenging due to the complex interplay between atomic and moiré scale effects. Here, through large‐scale molecular dynamics simulations of a tip scanning on a graphene/h‐BN heterostructure, it is demonstrated that transitions between stick‐slip and smooth sliding behaviors can be tuned at both atomic and moiré scales. Specifically, atomic‐scale friction behavior is governed by the commensurability of tip‐surface contact, while moiré‐scale friction behavior arises from a load‐dependent competition between expulsive interactions at tip/surface‐indentation region and adhesive interactions at tip/surface‐ripple region. The moiré stick‐slip behavior occurs due to the more rapid shift of the protruding domain wall region as the tip crossing it under higher load. Furthermore, greater stretching of graphene bonds during domain wall crossing enhances energy dissipation. This moiré stick‐slip behavior persists, albeit attenuated, in tri‐layer systems. This findings provide new insights into friction at multiple length scales and may inform future studies of friction in multilayer superlattices.
Efficient One‐Pot Cellulosic Ethanol Production Over PdZn@Silicalite‐1 Catalysts with Metal‐Acid “Restricted Adjacency” Structures
Authors: Cui Yuandong , Wang Ning , Bi Guiyue , Zhuo Hongying , Shang Xin , Cai Tao , Jiang Wei , Ben Haoxi , Yang Xiaoli , Huang Yanqiang
Published: January 2025

Direct hydrogenolysis of cellulose to produce ethanol is a promising way to efficiently utilize biomass resources, contributing significantly to low‐carbon energy development and greenhouse gas reduction. However, this process is challenging due to intricate cascading reactions. In this study, PdZn@S‐1 catalysts featuring metal‐acid “restricted adjacency” structures for direct cellulose conversion are developed. This unique structure allows acidic sites and metal nanoparticles to be in close proximity in a microscopic space, leading to changes in the electronic states of the metal sites, and an increase in the number of acidic sites. This configuration fosters synergistic and balanced interaction between the two types of sites. As a result, the PdZn0.5@S‐1 catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving an ethanol yield of 69.2% at 245 °C and 4.5 MPa H2 within 4 h. The remarkable catalytic activity and selectivity are attributed to the formation of Lewis acid sites through Pdδ+─O(H)─Si coordination, which facilitates the cleavage of C─C bonds, while the adjacent PdZn alloy provides an effective site for the hydrogenation of C─O bonds. This work introduces a novel approach by successfully integrating metal@zeolite catalysts into the catalytic conversion of biomass macromolecules, offering new insights for the direct utilization of biomass resources.
Multidirectionally Patterned Interdigital Transducers for Enhancing Acoustofluidic Streaming with Flexible Printed Circuit Board
Authors: Stringer Mercedes , Dumčius Povilas , Zhang Xiaoyan , Chai Yanyan , Zeng Ziming , Dong Zhiqiang , Sun Chao , Liang Dongfang , Ge Guangbo , Fu Yongqing , Wu Zhenlin , Yang Xin
Published: January 2025

Acoustic streaming generated by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) enables diverse acoustofluidic functions, such as fluid mixing, particle manipulation, and enhanced fluid transport, making SAWs valuable lab‐on‐a‐chip systems. However, conventional SAW devices are often limited to a specific acoustofluidic function once fabricated. Each function typically requires different devices or designs to produce other wave modes, making exploration costly and time‐consuming. A Multidirectional Interdigital Transducer (M‐IDT) on a Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPCB) is presented, allowing easy reconfigurability and multidirectional SAW propagation. This versatile device enables rapid, multifunctional experimentation on a single replaceable substrate, facilitating efficient exploration of acoustofluidic effects. This device, alongside finite element simulations, investigates substrate in‐plane rotation angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° relative to the X‐axis) and wave modes. Favorable acoustic velocities are observed using Rayleigh SAW (R‐SAW) at 0° and 30°, and using combined wave modes at 60°, and 90°. The pseudo shear‐horizontal SAW (P‐SH‐SAW) at 90° exhibits higher velocities than R‐ SAW at 0°. P‐SH‐SAW also improved acoustic streaming at lower power, with high‐viscosity fluids, substantial fluid volumes (1 mL), and within a 96‐well plate. The M‐IDTs reconfigurable nature allows rapid, cost‐effective testing, making it ideal for prototyping a wide range of acoustofluidic applications.
Infrared Ultralow‐Emissivity Polymeric Metafabric Conductors Enabling Remarkable Electromagnetic and Thermal Management
Authors: Yu Ruiqi , Wang Mengyao , Lu Weifang , Wang Jingshi , Cao Yanxia , Yang Yanyu , Wang Wanjie , Wang Jianfeng
Published: January 2025

Infrared ultralow‐emissivity fabric has garnered significant interest for applications in infrared stealth and personal thermal management. However, reconciling the competing demands of low emissivity, breathability, and mechanical strength poses a formidable challenge. Here, an air‐permeable polymeric metafabric distinguished by a unique non‐through‐hole structure is presented. This design is achieved through the electroless plating of silver nanoparticles onto commercially available nylon fabric, supplemented by an intermediate layer of hot‐processed nylon porous mesh. This metafabric demonstrates an ultralow emissivity of 0.044, an exceptional electrical conductivity of 51 315 S m−1, an impressive electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of 78 dB, and a high tensile strength of 110 MPa. The emissivity, conductivity, and strength of the metafabric are among the highest values reported for infrared low‐emissivity fabrics. The metafabric also exhibits an air permeability that conforms to Grade 2 of international standards. The metafabric facilitates personal precision heating across diverse environments through its integrated capabilities of passive radiative and active solar/Joule heating. Additionally, the metafabric displays antibacterial properties, flame retardancy, sweat absorption, quick‐drying, and washability performance, thereby significantly enhancing its wearability. This high‐performance, multifunctional, infrared ultralow‐emissivity polymeric metafabric holds great promise for applications in infrared camouflage, electromagnetic protection, and personal thermal management.
Engineering the Metal/Oxide Interfacial O‐Filling Effect to Tailor Oxygen Spillover for Efficient Acidic Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhu Yu , Guo Fei , Wei Qiliang , Lai Feiyan , Chen Runzhe , Guo Jianing , Gong Manxi , Zhang Shunqiang , Wang Zichen , Zhong Jun , He Guanjie , Cheng Niancai
Published: January 2025

The oxygen spillover on the metal/oxide electrocatalysts interface acts as an essential role in promoting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). However, oxygen spillover mechanisms and corresponding regulatory strategies are still unclear for addressing slow OH‐migration kinetics. Herein, an interface is constructed between Iridium (Ir) and Niobium (Nb)‐doped Titanium oxide (TiO2) with abundant oxygen vacancies area by plasma processing, enabling oxygen spillover from the metal Ir to supports. The optimized Ir/Nb‐doped TiO2 with a significant OER activity (η = 253 mV) and durability in acids compared to commercial IrO2. In situ experiments combined with theoretical computations reveal the presence of interfacial oxygen vacancies not only regulates the Ir structure toward boosted activity but also constructs a directional spillover pathway from Ir to interfacial oxygen vacancies area and then TiO2 via the OH*‐filling route, which strikingly mitigates the OH* migration barriers. In addition, the optimized Ir/Nb‐doped TiO2 exhibits excellent performance (1.69 V/1.0 A cm−2@80 °C) and long‐term stability (≈500 h@1.0 A cm−2) with practical potential in PEMWEs. This work provides a unique insight into the role of oxygen spillover, paving the way for designing Ir‐based catalysts for PEMWEs.
Regulating Asymmetric C–C Coupling with Interfacial Alkalinity for Efficient CO2 to C2+ Electroconversion
Authors: Huang Zichao , Zhou Linjiao , Gui Wenke , Guan Chaoqun , Chen Jun , Kuang Min , Yang Jianping
Published: January 2025

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in neutral electrolytes is a promising avenue to minimize energy losses linked to carbonate formation. However, selectivity for multi‐carbon (C2+) products is hampered by kinetic barriers in C–C coupling. Here, the regulation of asymmetric C–C coupling is achieved with interfacial alkalinity, facilitating efficient CO2 to C2+ electroconversion. This is realized by co‐engineering copper electrodes with ZrO2 sites and CeOx sites to enable a favorable microenvironment that greatly boosts intrinsic catalytic activity. In situ spectroscopic results and theoretical analyses demonstrates that CeOx facilitates the dissociation of H2O into *H and *OH, effectively regulating *H coverage at the catalytic interface and promoting the protonation of *CO to *COH. Meanwhile, ZrO2 sites significantly enhance the adsorption of in situ‐produced *OH, optimize the local pH on the Cu surface, and enable the formation of C2+ products via a low‐energy *OC–COH coupling pathway. A notable CO2 to C2+ electroconversion in 1.0 M KCl electrolyte, with Faraday efficiency of 67.2 ± 2.1% and a partial current density of 413.0 ± 9.9 mA cm−2 is achieved. This synergistic enhancement of hydroxyl adsorption and stabilization at the catalytic interface, driven by the activation of H2O, is crucial for boosting the overall catalytic performance of the system.
Controllable Synthesis and “Fast‐charging” Mechanism of Hollow‐Micropencil Co3V2O8 from Perspective of Ion Diffusion in Crystal Structure
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhang Rong , Yan Yixin , Li Gaoyang , Li Yuan , Wang Fujuan , Wu Youzhi , Ran Fen
Published: January 2025

Co3V2O8 as a bimetallic oxide with “fast‐charging” capacity presents some potential advantages, comprising decent theoretical specific capacity, favorable crystal structure, and intrinsic safety. Presently, although extensive research of Co3V2O8 as an anode material are reported, the formed Co° from Co3V2O8 after the initial discharging is not oxidized to CoO during the charging process, and the ion diffusion mechanism are not well clarified. The lithium‐storage process of Co3V2O8 and the diffusion mechanism of lithium ion in Co3V2O8 are studied in detail in this work. A hollow‐micropencil Co3V2O8 prepared through the hydrothermal method without using surfactants or templates demonstrates a high “fast‐charging” capability even at the current densities as high as 1.0–2.0 A g−1. The electrochemical kinetic results illustrate that the hollow‐micropencil Co3V2O8 presents low charge transfer resistance. The distinctive lithium ion storage sites as well as diffusion paths are predicted. The in situ X‐ray diffraction analysis is adopted to confirm that the formed Co° after the initial discharging is not oxidized to CoO during the delithiation process. The work not only helps to understand the lithium insertion mechanisms of Co3V2O8 but also offers new means to develop “fast‐charging” anode material for lithium‐ion batteries with remarkable electrochemical performance.
Diblock Copolymer Brush‐Based Adhesion Coupling Agents
Authors: Zhao Jun , Li Menglin , Huang Xiayun , Zhao Xiaoya , Zhu Jie , Wang Jiahao , Yue Tao , Li Zhuo
Published: January 2025

Traditional adhesion coupling agents based on small molecules often face challenges such as uneven interface distribution, sensitivity to humidity, and lack of energy dissipation in bulk adhesives, which limit both adhesion performance and long‐term reliability. In this work, amphiphilic block copolymer brushes are presented as a new type of coupling agent to overcome these issues. The hydrophilic block forms stable, multi‐site interactions with the substrate, while the hydrophobic block penetrates and entangles with the adhesive matrix, facilitating effective energy transmission and dissipation across a broader zone. For instance, before grafting amphiphilic block copolymer brushes, the adhesion strength between copper and polydimethylsiloxane is only 0.5 MPa, but after grafting, the adhesion strength is increased to 8.2 MPa, representing a 16.4‐fold improvement, even in the absence of covalent bonding, and surpassing previous enhancement strategies. The adhesion remained strong under various harsh conditions, including thermal aging, thermal cycling, high temperature/high humidity, and even immersion in water. This adaptive approach, which allows for the customization of block compositions, offers great potential for a wide range of applications, including flexible electronics, microfluidics, coatings, and sealing technologies.
Engineering Solid‐State Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Aggregation‐Induced Emission by Fatty Amine Chains‐Regulated Charge Transfer and π‐π Stacking
Authors: Yang Canpu , Hu Jiusheng , Tan Wenjiang , Si Jinhai , Hou Xun
Published: January 2025

Carbon dots (CDs) are an encouraging green luminescent material; however, the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect poses a significant limitation for their use in solid‐state devices. By adjusting precursor fatty amine chains, this paper synthesized four solid‐state emissive CDs with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties (Lx‐CDs). When water is introduced, the generation of Lx‐CDs aggregates creates the switching off of the carbon‐core emission (blue) in acetic acid solution and the switching on of the surface‐state emission (orange). Results demonstrate that the disulfide bond and fatty amine chain structures allow considerable inhibition in the distance of aromatic skeletons, causing the aggregation‐state emission, and the multiple interactions in aggregates can reduce the non‐radiative processes benefiting the AIE. Besides, the fast and slow fluorescence species can be confirmed to correspond to the emission paths of carbon‐core and surface‐state, respectively. The solid‐state emission wavelength, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), and AIE strength can be engineered by the fatty amine chain regulated charge transfer and π‐π stacking. This study not only reveals the intrinsic mechanism of carbon‐core and surface‐state luminescence dynamics in AIE CDs but also provides a method for controlling fluorescence wavelength and enhancing the emission of aggregated particles using precursor fatty amine chain length.
A Dual‐Emissive DNA‐Templated Silver Nanocluster with Near‐Infrared I and II Emission
Authors: Gonzàlez‐Rosell Anna , Rück Vanessa , Liisberg Mikkel B. , Cerretani Cecilia , Nielsen Villads R. M. , Vosch Tom , Copp Stacy M.
Published: January 2025

DNA‐stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA‐AgN) are atomically precise and sequence‐tuned nanomaterials with potential applications for deep tissue biomedical imaging. Here, a dual‐emissive DNA‐AgN is presented with fluorescence in the first near‐infrared (NIR‐I) spectral window and microsecond‐lived photoluminescence in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) spectral window. High‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed that the emitter has the molecular formula (DNA)2[Ag17]11+. The crystallization of (DNA)2[Ag17]11+ was unsuccessful, which prevented the use of X‐ray diffraction to determine its structure. However, sequence variations of the templating DNA oligomer provided insights into nucleobases that are critical for stabilizing the Ag1711+. Moreover, addition of an adenosine or thymidine at the 5′‐end of the stabilizing DNA strand maintained the composition and photophysical properties of the (DNA)2[Ag17]11+, suggesting a potential site for conjugation with biomolecules to enable targeted labeling in future bioimaging applications.
Barcoded Hybrids of Extracellular Vesicles and Lipid Nanoparticles for Multiplexed Analysis of Tissue Distribution
Authors: Ivanova Alena , Chalupska Renata , Louro Ana Filipa , Firth Mike , González‐King Garibotti Hernán , Hultin Leif , Kohl Franziska , Lázaro‐Ibáñez Elisa , Lindgren Julia , Musa Gentian , Oude Blenke Erik , Silva Andreia M. , Szeponik Louis , Taylor Agnes , Viken Ida , Wang Xiaoqin , Jennbacken Karin , Wiseman John , Dekker Niek
Published: January 2025

Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents is a persistent challenge in modern medicine. Recent efforts in this area have highlighted the utility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drug carriers, given that they naturally occur in bloodstream and tissues, and can be loaded with a wide range of therapeutic molecules. However, biodistribution and tissue tropism of EVs remain difficult to study systematically. Here, a multiplexed approach is developed for simultaneous tracking of EVs from various cell lines within a single in vivo experiment. EVs are used from 16 different cell lines, and through controlled fusion with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) carrying single‐stranded DNA barcodes, uniquely barcoded hybrid EV particle (hEV) library is generated. These hEVs are combined for a multiplexed in vivo biodistribution profiling in mice, and discovered that HAP1‐derived hEVs demonstrated lung tropism, suggesting that these hEVs may be used for targeted drug delivery into lung tissue. To examine this possibility further, it is shown that HAP1 hEV loaded with Cre mRNA displayed functional delivery to the lungs. Overall, the barcoded hEV technology enables rapid profiling of biodistribution across EV cell sources, which is poised to improve throughput and extent of EV studies, while reducing the number of animals required for research.
Temperature‐Dependent Charge‐Carrier Dynamics in Lead‐Halide Perovskites: Indications for Dynamic Disorder Dominated Scattering Mechanism
Authors: Dörflinger Patrick , Rieder Philipp , Dyakonov Vladimir
Published: January 2025

Lead‐halide perovskites have emerged as a promising material class in light‐harvesting and light‐emitting applications due to their exceptional semiconductor properties. Nonetheless, crucial semiconducting properties such as the charge carrier scattering mechanism and its impact on recombination dynamics are not well studied. Here, five different lead‐halide perovskite compositions are systematically examined to determine their temperature‐dependent mobility, and the prevalent scattering mechanisms involved are identified. Dynamic disorder is proposed to be the predominant scattering mechanism at room temperature and above, as evidenced by a change in the power‐law Tm. Notably, the onset temperature for this behavior varies with the perovskite composition. Additionally, it is found that this scattering process coincides with changes in fast‐trapping behavior in MAPbI3 perovskite, which in turn alters recombination dynamics such as carrier lifetime and diffusion length. These results suggest that this scattering mechanism contributes to the defect tolerance of perovskites, providing valuable insights for further investigations.
Reduction‐Induced Oxygen Loss: the Hidden Surface Reconstruction Mechanism of Layered Oxide Cathodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jeon Seungyun , Lim Gukhyun , Lee Hoseok , Park Hyunyoung , Cho Min Kyung , Kim Chan , Lee YeEun , Kim Jaehoon , Kwon Minhyung , Yoo Jung‐Keun , Jeong Hyangsoo , Kim Jinwoo , Yu Seung‐Ho , Lee Minah , Kim Jongsoon , Hong Jihyun
Published: January 2025

The surface reconstruction from the layered to rocksalt‐type phase represents a primary deterioration pathway of layered‐oxide cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries, involving irreversible oxygen loss and transition metal migration. This degradation mechanism has primarily been attributed to the oxidative instability of highly delithiated cathodes at high voltages (>4.3 V vs Li/Li+). However, the battery degradation also occurs under seemingly stable voltage ranges, the origin of which remains unclear. Herein, a hidden mechanism to induce surface reconstruction and oxygen loss is proposed, termed the “quasi‐conversion reaction”, which is revealed to occur during electrochemical reduction (discharge) processes just below 3.0 V (vs Li/Li+). Combined experiments and first‐principles calculations unveil that the oxygens at the surface can be extracted from the cathode lattice by forming lithium oxides and oxygen vacancies, at significantly higher potentials than conventional conversion reaction, due to the instability of surface oxygens coordinated with fewer cations than in the bulk. The chemical incompatibility between lithium oxides and commercial carbonate‐based electrolytes results in electrolyte decomposition, forming an organic‐rich blocking layer and gaseous byproducts, which further increases the cell impedance. This study emphasizes the necessity of a thorough understanding of surface instability upon reduction to develop long‐lasting batteries.
A Mixed Ion/Electron Thermoelectric Generator with Ultrahigh Steady Thermopower by Exploring Both the Hole Tunneling and Ion Accumulations
Authors: Qian Qi , Cheng Hanlin , Xie Hang , Wu Yihong , Fang Yuanlai , Le Qiujian , Yue Shizhong , Ouyang Jianyong
Published: January 2025

Ionic thermoelectric (TE) materials are promising candidate for efficient heat harvesting mainly because they can have a thermopower higher than the electronic TE materials by 2–3 orders in magnitude. However, they cannot be directly exploited in conventional thermoelectric generators (TEGs) since ions cannot transport across the electrodes into the external circuit, and they cannot be used to harvest heat under steady temperature gradient. Here, a mixed ion/electron thermoelectric generator (MTEG) is reported that can continuously generate electricity under not only temperature fluctuation but also steady temperature gradient. It is consisted of a layer of an ionogel added with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The ionic liquid is an ionic conductor, while rGO is an electronic conductor. The MTEG can supply a constant output voltage to the external load under steady temperature gradient, and the behavior is similar to that of the conventional TEGs, particularly when the external resistance is relatively high. The thermopower can be more than 7.0 mV K−1, higher than the Seebeck coefficient of the best electronic TE materials by 1–2 orders in magnitude. The operation mechanism is attributed to the hole tunneling across the rGO sheets and the high thermopower due to the Soret effect of the ions.
A Label‐Like Monolithic Organic Thermoelectric Generator Enabled by Local Inkjet Doping of Aligned Polymer Films
Authors: Pataki Nathan James , Guchait Shubhradip , Jismy Badr , Leclerc Nicolas , Kyndiah Adrica , Brinkmann Martin , Caironi Mario
Published: January 2025

The proliferation of distributed microelectronics and sensors necessitates adaptable, scalable, and cost‐effective power supplies. Organic thermoelectric generators (TEGs) that promise to harness heat sustainably and cost‐effectively are seen as pivotal elements in shaping future sensor infrastructures. Recent strides in morphological control through the alignment of conjugated polymer backbones have enhanced the thermoelectric performance of doped organic semiconductors to record values, matching expectations for real applications. However, the hurdles in crafting and deploying organic TEGs effectively exploiting aligned polymer films remain unexplored. This work presents a design and fabrication method to incorporate aligned films into a thin label‐like TEG. Thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(2,5‐bis((7‐butoxyheptyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT‐8O) are aligned via high‐temperature rubbing technique inducing a high degree of anisotropy in their charge transport properties. The crystal structure and anisotropy of the films are exploited to realize monolithic TEGs by patterning conductive thermoelements via local inkjet doping of films transferred on ultrathin parylene substrates. The TEGs based on aligned P3HT and PBTTT‐8O exhibit exceptional TEG power factors of 0.33 and 1.04 nW cm−2 K−2, respectively. Lastly, as a proof‐of‐concept use case for the TEGs, a thermoelectrically‐powered volume‐indicating label is presented as a potential application in the healthcare and food industries.
Zinc Grid Based Transparent Electrodes for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Bellchambers Philip , Ammon Louis , Fitkin Arielle , Dingley Matthew , Walker Marc , Abrahamczyk Szymon , Pritchard Callum , Sosso Gabriele C. , Hatton Ross A.
Published: January 2025

Zinc is the fifth most electrically conductive metal and is available at a fraction of the cost of the most widely used transparent electrode materials; silver, indium‐tin oxide, and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, but has been surprisingly overlooked as a current carrying element in organic photovoltaics. Here, a transparent flexible electrode based on an embedded zinc grid with ≈1 µm linewidth is reported and its utility as a drop‐in replacement for indium‐tin oxide coated glass electrodes in model organic photovoltaic devices is demonstrated. The zinc grids are fabricated using the unconventional approach of condensation coefficient modulation, using a micro‐contact printed patterned layer of poly(perfluorooctylmethylmethacrylate) to resist zinc condensation in the gaps between grid lines, together with a copper acetylacetonate seed layer to nucleate zinc condensation where grid lines are required. Density functional theory calculations of the strength of the interaction between zinc atoms and this fluorinated polymer provide fundamental insight into why the latter is so effective at resisting zinc condensation. The resulting zinc grid is embedded in a flexible polymer support and transferred to a flexible plastic substrate by delamination, which enables recovery and reuse of the fluorinated polymer.