bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinação da taxa metabólica basal em cutias, Dasyprocta azarae, por calorimetria indireta
Authors: Brito Harald F.V. , Lange Rogério R. , Pachaly José R. , Deconto Ivan
Published: August 2010

A melhor ferramenta para comparação fisiológica entre organismos diferentes é a taxa metabólica basal, inter-relação fundamental que existe entre todos os seres vivos. Mensurações diretas das concentrações de oxigênio e dióxido de carbono, pela análise do ar inspirado e expirado, podem ser usadas para a mensuração de taxa metabólica. Este trabalho foi executado com o propósito de aferir as taxas metabólicas basal e específica, e reexaminar o escalonamento do metabolismo basal em cutias (Dasyprocta azarae). Foram utilizadas 34 cutias (D. azarae) adultas sadias, sendo 9 machos não castrados, 9 machos castrados e 16 fêmeas, pertencentes ao plantel do Criadouro Científico do Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Curitiba, PR. Os animais passaram por jejum prévio de 6 horas e foram acondicionados em caixas especiais, com temperatura ambiente controlada (22,0±1,0ºC), sendo então submetidos à aferição da taxa metabólica basal, por calorimetria indireta. Empregou-se o monitor metabólico Deltatrac®II, (Datex Ohmeda, Finlândia) usualmente indicado para a mensuração da produção de dióxido de carbono (VCO2) e do consumo de oxigênio (VO2) em seres humanos, por meio da mensuração das variações na concentração de VCO2 e de VO2, com uma precisão de 0,01%. Após a aferição da taxa metabólica basal, foi calculada a taxa metabólica específica, e efetuada a análise dos dados por estatística indutiva. Os testes de hipóteses para comparação entre amostras indicaram que a taxa metabólica específica de machos não castrados é maior que a de fêmeas e machos castrados (5% de significância), e que a taxa metabólica específica de fêmeas e machos castrados é equivalente (1% de significância). Constatou-se ainda, com a análise da correlação de pontos experimentais, que outra variável que não o tamanho corporal afeta a taxa metabólica dos machos não castrados (1% de significância), o que indica a necessidade de novos estudos sobre o metabolismo de Dasyprocta azarae, sugerindo-se a realização de aferição da taxa metabólica basal e aferição simultânea da concentração sérica de testosterona, estradiol e cortisol para os três grupos.
Carcinoma bronquíolo-alveolar em leão-africano (Panthera leo)
Authors: Lucena Ricardo B. , Fighera Rafael A. , Carregaro Adriano B. , Inkelmann Maria Andréia , Barros Claudio S.L.
Published: August 2010

Um caso de carcinoma bronquíolo-alveolar difuso do tipo misto foi diagnosticado em um leão-africano (Panthera leo), hospitalizado com sinais de dispnéia e emagrecimento progressivo. Em todos os lobos pulmonares havia múltiplos nódulos esbranquiçados, macios e homogêneos, de 0,2-0,5cm em diâmetro. Histologicamente, os nódulos eram constituídos por células neoplásicas arranjadas em alvéolos e papilas sustentados por moderado estroma fibrovascular, um padrão que lembrava a estrutura pulmonar pré-existente. Na reação pelo ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS) foi observada marcação positiva no citoplasma de numerosas células neoplásicas. Todas as células neoplásicas demonstraram forte e uniforme imunorreatividade citoplasmática para pancitoceratina. A marcação para o fator 1 de transcrição da tireóide (TTF-1) foi observada em focos nos núcleos das células neoplásicas das margens dos nódulos. Nas secções avaliadas para surfactante A, a marcação foi observada em múltiplas áreas focais, tanto no citoplasma como na membrana citoplasmática das células neoplásicas. O diagnóstico de carcinoma bronquíolo-alveolar difuso do tipo misto foi feito com base nos achados histológicos, histoquímicos e imuno-histoquímicos. Essa parece ser a primeira descrição de um neoplasma pulmonar primário maligno em leão-africano.
Resenha do livro Psicoterapia interpessoal: guia prático do terapeuta
Authors: Soares Marcos Hirata
Published: August 2010

O livro é direcionado aos diversos profi ssionais que atuam na assistência em saúde mental e, segundo seu prefácio, a obra é resultado de 3 décadas de desenvolvimento de um método de tratamento psicoterapêutico, inicialmente para depressão maior, denominado psicoterapia interpessoal (TIP); posteriormente, passou a ser aplicado em outros transtornos psiquiátricos complexos, como o transtorno de personalidade borderline. A obra tem o objetivo de ser um guia de fácil leitura e consulta, descrevendo os métodos de abordagem e condução dos casos clínicos, mas já partindo do pressuposto de que os profi ssionais (leitores) possuem conhecimento e habilidade nos fundamentos da psicoterapia e no manejo de pessoas com diagnósticos como transtornos do humor ou ansiedade, por exemplo. Cabe aqui frisar que embora não haja referência a nenhuma obra de Carl Rogers, considerado o precursor do relacionamento interpessoal como recurso pedagógico e psicoterapêutico, esta obra apresenta enorme semelhança com a teoria desse autor, mas não em relação às indicações a determinados transtornos como os do humor, as quais são feitas de forma completa, também especifi cando em cada contexto a abordagem a ser usada. O livro é muito bem elaborado, tanto do ponto de vista didático como científi co, ou seja, é um livro de fácil leitura e compreensão e com referências a artigos de periódicos de grande relevância no meio acadêmico e científico.
Parcelamento e fontes de nitrogênio para produção de maxixe
Authors: Oliveira Ademar P de , Oliveira Flávio José V de , Silva Jandiê A da , Oliveira Arnaldo Nonato P de , Santos Rodolfo R , Silva Damiana F da
Published: August 2010

Fontes e parcelamentos de nitrogênio foram avaliados no rendimento do maxixeiro, cv. Nordestino, na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, em blocos casualizados, esquema fatorial 2 x 7, com duas fontes de nitrogênio (uréia e sulfato de amônio) e sete épocas de aplicação: a) (100% na semeadura; b) 100% aos 30 dias após a semeadura (DAS); c) 100% aos 60 DAS; d) 50% na semeadura e 50% aos 30 DAS; e) 50% na semeadura e 50% aos 60 DAS; f) 50% aos 30 e 50% aos 60 DAP; g) 33% na semeadura, 33% aos 30 e 33% aos 60 DAP, em quatro repetições. O peso médio de frutos foi inferior quando o sulfato de amônio foi fornecido 100% na semeadura e 100% aos 60 DAS, 27 e 21 g fruto-1, respectivamente, não havendo alteração na fonte uréia, e entre as fontes. A produção de frutos por planta (2,364 kg planta-1), o número de frutos por planta (64 frutos planta-1) e a produtividade de frutos (20,93 t ha-1) foram superiores significativamente quando o nitrogênio, fonte sulfato de amônio foi parcelado 50% aos 30 e 50% aos 60 DAS. Quando a fonte de nitrogênio foi a uréia, a produção de frutos por planta (1,437 kg planta-1), o número de frutos por planta (48 frutos planta-1) e a produtividade de frutos (12,66 t ha-1) foram significativamente maiores quando foi parcelada 50% na semeadura e 50% aos 30 DAS.
Desempenho de enfermeiras na coleta de material cervico uterino para exame de Papanicolaou
Authors: Oliveira Nancy Costa de , Moura Escolástica Rejane Ferreira , Diógenes Maria Albertina Rocha
Published: August 2010

OBJETIVOS: Verificar conhecimento e prática de enfermeiras na coleta de material cérvico-uterino, identificar disponibilidade de materiais para realização da coleta e conferir adequabilidade da lâmina. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, de campo, realizado de agosto a outubro de 2006, com 21 enfermeiras. Conhecimento foi investigado por questionário; técnica de coleta e materiais foram pesquisados por observação; adequabilidade das lâminas foi verificada nos laudos laboratoriais. RESULTADOS: Dezessete enfermeiras se auto-avaliaram seguras para realizar o exame; duas investigaram esvaziamento da bexiga; quatro explicaram o procedimento; nenhuma indagou uso de duchas, abstinência sexual e sangramento intermenstrual; duas não usaram espátula corretamente e duas consideraram desnecessária a coleta da endocérvice; duas coletas levaram tempo excessivo para fixação. Espéculos e pinças Cherron foram insuficientes; 63(100%) das lâminas estavam adequadas. CONCLUSÃO: Há déficit de conhecimento e de técnica, insuficiência de materiais, e apesar das falhas observadas na coleta, 100% dos laudos conferiram adequabilidade às lâminas.
Maus-tratos infantis: um resgate da história e das políticas de proteção
Authors: Martins Christine Baccarat de Godoy , Jorge Maria Helena Prado de Mello
Published: August 2010

O estudo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica, cujo objetivo foi conhecer e divulgar a evolução histórica da violência contra a criança, bem como as políticas desenvolvidas na atenção à violência contra menores, além de discutir a importância da prevenção e da atuação dos profissionais de saúde. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada na base de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO, selecionando-se os estudos com os descritores: Violência, Agressão, Maus-Tratos, Síndrome da Criança Maltratada, Pediatria, não se fazendo restrição aos idiomas espanhol, inglês e francês. A literatura mostra a importância de ações preventivas e a necessidade de discussões e reflexões entre os diferentes setores que possam culminar em políticas e estratégias preventivas, diagnósticas e terapêuticas, além da relevância de incluir o tema na formação dos profissionais de saúde para que possam contribuir para o diagnóstico, tratamento e profilaxia do abuso infantil, rompendo as cadeias de determinação e fatalidade.
The attitudes of nurses from an intensive care unit in the face of errors: an approach in light of bioethics
Authors: Coli Rita de Cássia Pires , Anjos Marcio Fabri dos , Pereira Luciane Lucio
Published: August 2010

This study analyzed the attitudes of nurses concerning the occurrence of errors in nursing procedures carried out in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) based on the bioethics framework. This descriptive study with qualitative approach was carried out with 14 nurses from a private hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Results were analyzed according to Bardin’s proposal of content analysis. The resulting themes were: acknowledging one’s fallibility; acknowledging and reporting errors; hiding errors. The nurses’ reports are based on considerations through the lens of bioethics: taking responsibility for an error implies acknowledging one’s own vulnerabilities; acknowledging an error with responsibility implies ethical conditions in the relationships among those involved; and errors are in the context of a particular environment. This study enables re-thinking nursing practice based on bioethics, resorting to the analysis of errors focusing on the relationships between those involved.
Investment in nursing human assets: education and minds of the future
Authors: Trevizan Maria Auxiliadora , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Mazzo Alessandra , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena
Published: August 2010

This paper analyzes issues related to education, crises and changes in light of the postmodern order, emphasizing efforts towards human capital as the impetus to promote changes. Focusing on universities and organizations, we discuss the main five types of minds valued by modern and future societies, proposing investment in human assets through the use of strategies and technologies to ensure continuing education throughout life.
Caracterización de estudiantes de la carrera de licenciatura en enfermería y sus percepciones sobre el consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas
Authors: Rojas Valenciano Ligia , Costa Junior Moacyr Lobo da , Vasters Gabriela Pereira
Published: August 2010

Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. La población participante correspondió a 69 estudiantes que cursaban el quinto año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería. Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado, previamente validado con estudiantes de enfermería que tenían características similares a los sujetos participantes. Este instrumento se dividió en cinco partes: información general, sociodemográfica, económica, personal, familiar y sociocultural. El estudio sugiere que el fenómeno de las drogas es multifactorial, está asociado a características sociodemográficas, económicas, personales, familiares y socioculturales. Entre las principales características del estudiantado están que es una carrera preponderantemente femenina, de clase media, con buen rendimiento académico, pero con inadecuados estilos de vida. Con relación al consumo de drogas, 44,9% ha consumido y consume actualmente bebidas alcohólicas, un porcentaje menor fuma cigarrillos y el 1,4% fuma marihuana; además, no existe una conciencia clara de las consecuencias y conductas de riesgo a las que están expuestos al realizar dichas prácticas.
Análisis de la frecuencia de experimentación y consumo de drogas de alumnos de escuelas de nivel medio
Authors: Soledad Burrone Maria , Bueno Sonia Maria Villela , Costa Jr Moacyr Lobo de , Enders Julio , Fernández Ruth Alicia , Vasters Gabriela Pereira
Published: August 2010

En el presente trabajo se analiza la frecuencia de experimentación y consumo de drogas, en alumnos de escuelas de nivel medio de Córdoba, Argentina, en relación a variables sociodemográficas. De carácter analítico, la investigación se basó en los registros de la Secretaría de Programación para la Prevención de la Drogadicción y la Lucha contra el Narcotráfico. El procesamiento estadístico fue análisis bivariado, razón de riesgo e intervalos de confianza para cada variable. El consumo de alcohol fue más frecuente en los hombres, el 12,2% de los adolescentes probó algún tipo de droga ilícita, y los tranquilizantes son los psicofármacos más utilizados. El valor del consumo de drogas aumenta según aumenta el rango de edad, año de estudio y disponibilidad de dinero. Los hallazgos del presente trabajo identificaron una realidad epidemiológica que permitirá elaborar estrategias de prevención de adicción en los adolescentes.
A dualidade na inserção política, social e familiar do idoso: estudo comparado dos casos de Brasil, Espanha e Estados Unidos
Authors: Walter Maria Inez Machado Telles
Published: August 2010

Resumo: O artigo apresenta um estudo comparado da situação social, política, econômica e de saúde da população idosa do Brasil, Espanha e Estados Unidos. Foi feita uma discussão sobre o processo de mudança na estrutura de idades a partir da literatura dos três países. As análises de dados confirmaram as melhorias nas condições de vida do idoso e as mudanças em sua inserção social e em posições morais e políticas. Indicaram também que não há semelhanças ou diferenças entre os países que possam ser atribuídas à sua condição econômica ou à tradição cultural. A dualidade expressa uma transição nesse segmento, tradicionalmente visto negativamente e, hoje, considerado também como apoio econômico e familiar. Espera-se que se consolide a tendência de privilegiar o papel social positivo do idoso pela naturalização do envelhecimento e o estabelecimento de referências analíticas na própria velhice.
Extração de maior valor dos sistemas de informação voltados para redes: importância do domínio semântico dos protocolos de comunicação pelos atores
Authors: Sordi José Osvaldo de , Meireles Manuel Antonio
Published: August 2010

Aborda-se o potencial estratégico dos sistemas de informação voltados para redes organizacionais, com o objetivo de evidenciar a importância do domínio e discernimento dos metadados e protocolos de comunicação pelos atores da rede. A reflexão é realizada a partir da análise de dois exemplos de sistemas de informação para redes. Conclui-se que a discussão semântica das comunicações entre as organizações constituintes de redes - no âmbito da gestão da informação - é tão importante ao sucesso da cadeia quanto ao planejamento e ação cooperativa requeridas por outras dimensões da gestão.
Calcimimetic R-568 effects on activity of R990G polymorphism of calcium-sensing receptor
Authors: Terranegra Annalisa , Ferraretto Anita , Dogliotti Elena , Scarpellini Milena , Corbetta Sabrina , Barbieri Anna Maria , Spada Anna , Arcidiacono Teresa , Rainone Francesco , Aloia Andrea , Cusi Daniele , Vezzoli Giuseppe , Soldati Laura
Published: August 2010

Previous studies have demonstrated a gain-of-function of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene R990G polymorphism. In this study, activation of the R990G CASR stably transfected in HEK-293 (HEK-990G) cells compared with that of the common variant (HEK-wild-type (WT)) by increasing concentrations of CaCl2 or calcimimetic R-568 caused significantly higher intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and lower Ca-EC50. Moreover, the [Ca2+]i oscillation percentage was higher with a larger sinusoidal pattern in HEK-990G. R-568 induced a shift of the oscillatory events from 4 to 2 mmol/l extracellular calcium concentration in HEK-990G cells and increased the sinusoidal oscillation percentage in comparison with HEK-WT. Preincubation with thapsigargin or phospholipase C inhibitors completely prevented oscillations in both cell lines, consistent with the involvement of the inositol trisphosphate pathway, while protein kinase C inhibitor prevented oscillations in HEK-WT cells only. Finally, CaCl2 and R-568 caused a significant increase in p44/42 extracellular signaling-regulated kinase phosphorylation, with the mean Ca-EC50 values being significantly lower in HEK-990G. Our findings demonstrated that the 990G allele is associated with high sensitivity to R-568, which provided new evidence for differences in CASR signaling.
Are Net FDI Flows and Reversals of Capital Flows a Result of Output Growth?
Authors: Aharonovitz Gilad D , Miller James D
Published: August 2010

Literature notes many factors as affecting capital flows, but the effects of these flows over the recipient economies and the overall effect over growth are highly debatable. This study claims that although capital flows may be required for the increase in output, other forces are causing this growth and creating the demand for capital. We construct a model in which growth requires both decisions of firms regarding training of managers in order to expand, representing the absorption capacity of the firms, and capital for the firms expansion. The model shows that in early stages of development when output is low, capital inflows are increasing with an increase in the output, but are not the cause for the output growth. However, when output is higher, an increase in the output is associated with financial outflows since the local savings are increasing by more than the local demand for capital. Although we cannot empirically test the model, we use cross-country regressions to show that capital flows are in-line with the predictions of the model and manage to explain half of the variations in net FDI flows per capita using the stage of development. Many policies regarding capital flows may be, therefore, irrelevant.
Temporal and spatial variability of cyanobacterial toxins microcystins in three interconnected freshwater reservoirs
Authors: Bláha Luděk , Bláhová Lucie , Kohoutek Jiří , Adamovský Ondřej , Babica Pavel , Marsálek Blahoslav
Published: August 2010

In spite of substantial research on health and the ecological risks associated with cyanobacterial toxins in the past decades, the understanding of the natural dynamics and variability of toxic cyanobacterial blooms is still limited. Herein, the results of long term monitoring 1998-1999 / 2001-2008 of three reservoirs (V?r, Brno and Nov? Ml?ny), where toxic blooms develop annually, are reported. These three reservoirs provide a unique model because they are interconnected by the Svratka River, which allows possible transfer of phytoplankton as well as toxins from one reservoir to another. The frequency of the occurrence and dominance of the major cyanobacterial taxa Microcystis aeruginosa did not change during the investigated period but substantial variability was observed in the composition of other phytoplankton. Although absolute concentrations of the studied toxins (microcystins) differed among the reservoirs, there were apparent parallel trends. For example, during certain years, the microcystin concentrations were systematically elevated in all three studied reservoirs. Furthermore, the concentration profiles in the three sites were also correlated (parallel trends) within individual seasons based on monthly sampling. Microcystin-LR, a variant for which the World Health Organization has recommended a guideline value, formed only about 30-50% of the total microcystins. This is of importance, especially in the V?r reservoir that serves as a drinking water supply. Maxima in the cell-bound microcystins (intracellular; expressed per dry weight biomass) generally preceded the maxima of total microcystins (expressed per volume of water sample). Overall, the maximum concentration in the biomass (all three reservoirs, period 1993-2005) was 6.1 mg g-1 dry weight and the median values were in the range 0.065-2.3 mg g-1 dry weight. These are generally high concentrations in comparison with both Czech Republic and worldwide reported data. The present data revealed substantial variability of both toxic cyanobacteria and their peptide toxins that should be reflected by detailed monitoring programs.
A bibliometric analysis of Serbian Dental Journal: 2002-2009
Authors: Jacimovic Jelena , Zivkovic Slavoljub
Published: August 2010

Introduction. Serbian Dental Journal (SDJ) is a major source of formal communication for dentists in this region. The purpose of this bibliometric study was to examine articles published in SDJ in period 2002-2009, in reference to journal productivity and nature of authorships, citation patterns, most frequently cited scientific journals and the role of self-citations. Material and Methods. Bibliographic data, as well as metadata for all articles were taken from the Serbian national citation index SCIndeks. Bibliometric analysis of source articles included the number and type of article, author characteristics and cited literature. For each citation the following data was recorded: author(s), article title, journal title, monographic title, publication type, publication year and language. Results. In this period 193 articles were published and most of them were original research articles. In this period a total of 314 national and international authors cooperated, responsible for 538 authorships. The mean number of authors per article was 2.8. Most cited items in terms of publication type were journal articles (83.5 %), while the most frequently cited journals were just those most relevant in the field of dentistry. Results also indicate that the age of the cited literature is below the norm for medical literature. Conclusion. Obtained numerical indicators do not differ significantly when compared to other scientific and professional journals. However, it can be concluded that it is necessary to increase journal productivity and self-citation rate, as well as citation of current literature, up to five years old. This analysis allows evaluating patterns of scientific communication among dentists in this region, as well as journal's current management strategies in order to define useful future directions for the inclusion into the international system of scientific information exchange.
Chalcones and Dihydrochalcones Augment TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Szliszka Ewelina , Czuba Zenon P. , Mazur Bogdan , Paradysz Andrzej , Krol Wojciech
Published: August 2010

Chalcones and dihydrochalcones exhibit chemopreventive and antitumor activity. TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a natural endogenous anticancer agent. We examined the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of chalcones and dihydrochalcones on TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT and LDH assays. The apoptosis was detected using annexin V-FITC by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The ΔΨm was evaluated using DePsipher staining by fluorescence microscopy. Our study showed that two tested chalcones (chalcone and 2’,6’dihydroxy-4’-methoxychalcone) and three dihydrochalcones (2’,6’-dihydroxy-4’4-dimethoxydihydrochalcone, 2’,6’-dihydroxy-4’-methoxydihydro- chalcone, and 2’,4’,6’-trihydroxydihydrochalcone, called phloretin) markedly augmented TRAIL-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in LNCaP cells and confirmed the significant role of chalcones in chemoprevention of prostate cancer.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Advancing Therapeutic Strategies in Hematological and Solid Malignancies
Authors: Ellis Leigh , Pili Roberto
Published: August 2010

Advancement in the understanding of cancer development in recent years has identified epigenetic abnormalities as a common factor in both tumorigenesis and refractory disease. One such event is the dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in both hematological and solid tumors, and has consequently resulted in the development of HDAC inhibitors (HDACI) to overcome this. HDACI exhibit pleiotropic biological effects including inhibition of angiogenesis and the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Although HDACI exhibit modest results as single agents in preclinical and clinical data, they often fall short, and therefore HDACI are most promising in combinational strategies with either standard treatments or with other experimental chemotherapies and targeted therapies. This review will discuss the induction of autophagy and apoptosis and the inhibition of angiogenesis by HDACI, and also pre-clinical and clinical combination strategies using these agents.
Small Molecule Immunosensing Using Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Mitchell John
Published: August 2010

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors utilize refractive index changes to sensitively detect mass changes at noble metal sensor surface interfaces. As such, they have been extensively applied to immunoassays of large molecules, where their high mass and use of sandwich immunoassay formats can result in excellent sensitivity. Small molecule immunosensing using SPR is more challenging. It requires antibodies or high-mass or noble metal labels to provide the required signal for ultrasensitive assays. Also, it can suffer from steric hindrance between the small antigen and large antibodies. However, new studies are increasingly meeting these and other challenges to offer highly sensitive small molecule immunosensor technologies through careful consideration of sensor interface design and signal enhancement. This review examines the application of SPR transduction technologies to small molecule immunoassays directed to different classes of small molecule antigens, including the steroid hormones, toxins, drugs and explosives residues. Also considered are the matrix effects resulting from measurement in chemically complex samples, the construction of stable sensor surfaces and the development of multiplexed assays capable of detecting several compounds at once. Assay design approaches are discussed and related to the sensitivities obtained.
Distribution of Gb3 Immunoreactivity in the Mouse Central Nervous System
Authors: Obata Fumiko , Obrig Tom
Published: August 2010

We have shown previously that neurons in the mouse spinal cord express Gb3. We show in this article that distribution of anti-Gb3-Ab reactivity occurs in many different types of neurons of different areas of the central nervous system (CNS). The immunoreactive neurons are in olfactory bulbs, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. In several different circumventricular organs where vessels do not have the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) structure, anti-Gb3-Ab is not positive for vessel structures, while neurons at these regions are positive. Also, within the ventricular area, ependymal cells in the third ventricle express Gb3, as revealed by anti-Gb3-Ab staining and intensity analysis.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lipoprotein Subclasses and the APOE Genotype Influence Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: GONZÀLEZ MARTA , RIBALTA JOSEP , VIVES GLÒRIA , IFTIMIE SIMONA , FERRÉ RAIMÓN , PLANA NÚRIA , GUARDIOLA MONTSE , DALLINGA-THIE GEESJE , MASANA LLUÍS , CASTRO ANTONI
Published: August 2010

Objective.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have accelerated atherosclerosis. Since the conventional lipid profile (total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol) is not consistently altered in SLE, we hypothesized that investigation of lipoprotein subclasses would improve prediction of risk of atherosclerosis in these patients.

Methods.

As a quantitative index of atherosclerosis, we measured the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in 68 patients with SLE and related the atherosclerosis to a detailed lipoprotein profile generated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We measured the cholesterol transported by the pool of remnant lipoproteins (RLPc) and evaluated the modulatory effect of the APOE genotype on the lipoprotein subclass profile and atherosclerosis associated with SLE.

Results.

Circulating lipoprotein remnant particles [RLPc and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)] were positively correlated with IMT, and among them, the indicator that explained 20.2% of the variability in carotid atherosclerosis measured in these patients was IDL, as assessed by NMR. Carriers of the APOE2 allele were at increased risk due to a significant accumulation of IDL particles.

Conclusion.

Lipoprotein subclasses are more associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with SLE than the lipid variables that are routinely measured. The IDL fraction, which is significantly modulated by the APOE genotype, is the most strongly, significantly, and positively correlated with IMT.
Mortality in Psoriatic Arthritis – A Single-center Study from the UK
Authors: BUCKLEY CAITRIONA , CAVILL CHARLOTTE , TAYLOR GORDON , KAY HAZEL , WALDRON NICOLA , KORENDOWYCH ELEANOR , McHUGH NEIL
Published: August 2010

Objective.

To determine whether the mortality in a cohort of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) from a single center in the UK is significantly different from the general UK population.

Methods.

Patients who were entered onto the PsA database at the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, between 1985 and 2007 were included in this study. Information on patient deaths was collected retrospectively. The National Health Service (NHS) Strategic Tracing Service was used to establish which patients were alive and which had died. Date and cause of death were confirmed by death certificates from the Registry of Births, Marriages and Deaths. A standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated by matching the patient data to single-year, 5-year age-banded England and Wales data from the Office of National Statistics.

Results.

In this cohort of 453 patients with PsA (232 men, 221 women), there were 37 deaths. Sixteen men and 21 women died. The SMR for the men was 67.87% (95% CI 38.79, 110.22), and for the women, 97.01% (95% CI 60.05, 148.92) and the overall SMR for the PsA cohort was 81.82% (95% CI 57.61, 112.78). The leading causes of death in this cohort were cardiovascular disease (38%), diseases of the respiratory system (27%), and malignancy (14%).

Conclusion.

These results suggest that mortality in our single-center PsA cohort is not significantly different from the general UK population. No increased risk of death was observed in this cohort.
Rien n'est jamais acquis
Authors: Lécuyer Roger
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ La psychologie du nourrisson a été marquée dans les années 1960 à 1990 par la production d’un grand nombre de faits nouveaux, lesquels ont suscité pendant longtemps plus de réactions admiratives ou sceptiques que de discussions théoriques. La situation est semble-t-il en train de changer puisque deux revues anglophones viennent de publier une série de points de vue sur les connaissances actuelles en psychologie du nourrisson, dans lesquelles une polémique très vive s’instaure. Il s’agit d’une contestation, parfois radicale, du nativisme et d’une opposition entre nativisme et empirisme, mais il s’agit aussi d’une discussion sur l’interprétation des données dans les expériences faites avec les bébés : aux interprétations en termes cognitifs (en particulier la permanence précoce de l’objet) sont opposées des interprétations jugées par leurs auteurs comme plus conformes au principe de parcimonie. Ces débats, dans lesquels sont impliqués des acteurs choisis parmi les principaux dans la recherche sur le bébé aux États-Unis d’Amérique, sont synthétisés dans le présent article et confrontés aux positions théoriques de son auteur.
Le développement de la langue des signes américaine
Authors: Schick Brenda
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ Les études sur le développement des langues signées ont montré qu’elles sont acquises comme les langues orales. On sait maintenant que les enfants babillent en langue des signes, font des erreurs phonologiques, des omissions dans leurs premières phrases, en parallèle avec l’acquisition de la langue orale. Il apparaît également que certains aspects des langues signées qui semblent transparents et devraient donc être appris facilement sont en fait acquis sur une longue durée. Les aspects de la grammaire signée relatifs au visage se développent plus tardivement que ceux relatifs aux mains. Les éléments de la grammaire qui sont fortement iconiques se développent sur une période étonnamment longue, indiquant que la transparence n’implique pas une acquisition aisée. In fine, le développement du langage signé offre une perspective différente sur la façon dont on parvient à acquérir le langage quelle que soit la modalité.
Comprendre et utiliser les bases cognitives de l'apprentissage chez les enfants sourds
Authors: Marschark Marc
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ L’éducation des enfants sourds a subi beaucoup de changements depuis vingt-cinq ans, mais pour quels progrès ? Les sourds ont toujours un niveau de lecture intolérablement bas, et les aptitudes langagières et de résolution de problème qu’ils acquièrent manquent souvent de la flexibilité nécessaire au succès académique et à l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie. On avance dans cet article que nous avons échoué à reconnaître que les enfants sourds apprennent différemment des enfants entendants, et pourraient ainsi avoir gaspillé des ressources et opportunités. Nous sommes maintenant au seuil d’un progrès significatif à l’amélioration de l’éducation des enfants sourds. Cela va nécessiter une soigneuse considération des bases cognitives à l’apprentissage et aux interventions éducatives, ainsi qu’aux façons dont elles interagissent avec le développement social et langagier. L’utilisation de cette information nécessitera aussi la collaboration entre chercheurs et praticiens, ainsi qu’une communication claire et objective avec les parents d’enfants sourds.
Transition de l'alimentation passive à l'alimentation active chez le bébé prématuré
Authors: Pfister Riccardo , Launoy V. , Vassant C. , Martinet M. , Picard C. , Bianchi J.E. , Berner M. , Bullinger André
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ La recherche présentée s’est déroulée en trois phases. Une première recherche rétrospective a permis de constituer une population de référence composée de 18 enfants prématurés et qui bénéficient des soins usuels du service de néonatologie. Cette étude rétrospective analyse la durée et la forme de la transition entre une alimentation complètement passive (par sonde) et une alimentation entièrement active au sein ou au biberon. La CPAP influence cette évolution. Le deuxième groupe d’enfants prématurés (N = 24) a bénéficié d’une mise en forme en enroulement lors du nourrissement et d’un programme qui règle les quantités offertes en actif et en passif. L’effet de la CPAP est évalué. Le troisième groupe (N = 25) a bénéficié d’une mise en forme en enroulement lors du nourrissement, du même programme de transition mais en plus une stimulation périorale et orale est appliquée. L’effet de la CPAP est évalué. Dans les trois groupes, les mêmes analyses ont été réalisées. On montre un raccourcissement significatif et une homogénéisation des temps de transition. La CPAP nasale, si elle est présente plus de sept jours, a un effet négatif significatif, mais les stimulations périorales compensent cet effet délétère. De façon indépendante de l’âge de gestation, la vitesse d’ingestion montre que 90 % de ce que l’enfant est capable de prendre activement est absorbé durant les premières dix minutes. Ce fait permet d’adapter la gestion des repas : durée de l’alimentation passive et durée de l’offre du biberon ou du sein.
Reconnaissance des émotions et évaluation de la douleur chez des enfants et adolescents porteurs de Trisomie 21
Authors: Zabalia Marc , Corfec Sonia
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ Cette étude interroge les capacités à reconnaître des émotions et à évaluer la douleur d’enfants et d’adolescents porteurs de Trisomie 21. Une situation d’évaluation de la douleur de personnages présentés sur des vignettes et une tâche de reconnaissance d’émotions présentées sur photographies sont proposées à 18 enfants et adolescents porteurs de Trisomie 21 comparés à 20 enfants typiques. Les résultats montrent que les sujets de l’étude sont en mesure d’identifier des émotions et qu’ils utilisent de façon adaptée l’échelle des visages plutôt que l’échelle visuelle analogique pour évaluer la douleur. Le potentiel de compétences manifesté par les enfants et adolescents porteurs de Trisomie 21 devrait favoriser l’utilisation clinique des outils d’auto-évaluation de la douleur chez les sujets atteints de déficience intellectuelle et de difficultés d’adaptation sociale.
Adaptive Follow-up of Online Engineering Laboratories Activities
Authors: Gravier Christophe , Abdellaoui NasrEddine
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we are providing a study on the issue of interoperating Learning Management Systems (LMS) and Remote Laboratories, in a seamless integration. This study emphasizes the need to make Remote Laboratories seen as a pedagogical material within the LMS. We are presenting a novel and original approach to make these two kind of platforms (LMS and Remote Laboratory) to communicate under a loose coupling relationship. The main purpose of this work is to bring a better follow-up of students to the tutor and the students themselves, and therefore to lead to an enhanced learning experience.
Distributed Web-Based Control System
Authors: Langmann Reinhard
Published: August 2010

The paper describes a concept and application examples for a distributed Web-based control system (DWCS). The DWCS is based of two key components: an IEC 61131-programmable Web control and a process data proxy as the process interface. Control functions can be distributed and executed ad lib in the Intranet/Internet via the DWCS.
MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF A SINGLE-BUNDLE TIBIAL INTERFERENCE SCREW FIXATION IN A TENDON GRAFT ACL RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Chizari Mahmoud , Wang Bin , Snow Martyn , Barrett Mel
Published: August 2010

Numerical methods applicable to the tibia bone and soft tissue biomechanics of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed knee are presented in this paper. The aim is to achieve a better understanding of the mechanics of an ACL reconstructed knee. The paper describes the methodology applied in the development of an anatomically detailed three-dimensional ACL reconstructed knee model for finite element analysis from medical image data obtained from a computed tomography scan. Density segmentation techniques are used to geometrically define the knee bone structure and the encapsulated soft tissues configuration. Linear and nonlinear elastic constitutive material models are implemented to mechanically characterize the behavior of the biological materials. Preliminary numerical results for the model qualitative evaluation are presented.
Creating Knowledge for Business Decision Making
Authors: Khan Shiraj , Ganguly Auroop R. , Gupta Amar
Published: August 2010

Business forecasts and predictive models are rarely perfect. A paraphrase of the Nobel winning physicist Neils Bohr is apt in this context: Prediction is difficult, especially if it is of the future. However, executives and managers in enterprises ranging from retail and consumer packaged goods to high tech and semiconductors have to resort to forecasting and planning about the future. Phenomenal growth and spectacular failures are associated with organizations depending on their ability to understand market directions and respond quickly to change. Relatively minor improvements in forecast accuracy and predictive modeling at detailed levels can translate to significant gains for the enterprise through better strategic decisions, continuous performance management, and rapid translation to tactical decisions. The key to these processes is the knowledge-based enterprise, which can effectively utilize information from multiple sources as well as the expertise of skilled human resources, to develop strategies and processes for creating, preserving, and utilizing knowledge. These efforts, spanning revenue-generation endeavors like promotion management or new product launch, to cost-cutting operations like inventory planning or demand management, have significant impacts on the top and bottom lines of an enterprise.
Dynamic Taxonomies
Authors: Sacco Giovanni M.
Published: August 2010

End-user interactive access to complex information is one of the key functionalities of knowledge management systems. Traditionally, access paradigms have focused on retrieval of data on the basis of precise specifications: examples of this approach include queries on structured database systems, and information retrieval. However, most search tasks, and notably those typical of a knowledge worker, are exploratory and imprecise in essence: the user needs to explore the information base, find relationships among concepts, and thin alternatives out in a guided way.
Knowledge Management Systems
Authors: Maier Ronald , Hadrich Thomas
Published: August 2010

Knowledge management systems (KMSs) are seen as enabling technologies for an effective and efficient knowledge management (KM). However, up to date the term knowledge management system has often been used ambiguously. Examples are its use for specific KM tools, for KM platforms, or for (a combination of) tools that are applied with KM in mind. So far, investigations about the notion of KMS remain on the abstract level of what a KMS is used for, for example, “a class of information systems applied to managing organizational knowledge” (Alavi & Leidner, 2001, p. 114). The following two sections define the term KMS and obtain a set of characteristics that differentiates KMS from traditional information systems, such as intranet infrastructures, document- and content-management systems, groupware, or e-learning systems. Then, two ideal architectures for KMS are contrasted. It is discussed which KMS architecture fits what type of KM initiatives, and some empirical findings on the state of practice of KMS are summarized. The last sections give an outlook on future trends and conclude the article.
Knowledge Sharing
Authors: King William R.
Published: August 2010

Knowledge sharing (KS) is critical to organizations that wish to use their knowledge as an asset to achieve competitive advantage. Knowledge management systems (KMSs) can be primary enablers of knowledge sharing in an organization.
Multitasking
Authors: Robbin Alice
Published: August 2010

Gunilla Bradley has been an intellectual force for more than forty years. The evolution of her thinking led to a theoretical model that posits the convergence of computer, information, and media technologies and how our work and private lives have been transformed by computerization. This essay examines recent research on this convergence in the context of multitasking, including communicative practices in social and interpersonal interactions at work, effects on the quality of work life and job performance, and the dissolving of the boundaries of work and private lives. Convergence has had both positive and negative effects. It has the potential for improving the quality of social and interpersonal relationships and productivity in the workplace, but, at the same time, substantial evidence shows that multitasking has contributed, sometimes significantly, to increases in stress and cognitive load that have impeded job performance. These effects of computerization were identified very early in Bradley’s research investigations, confirming the continued relevance of her research agenda for future work that she proposed more than 20 years ago in her book Computers and the Psychosocial Work Environment.
Computers, Psychosocial, Work Environment, and Stress
Authors: Robertson Michelle M.
Published: August 2010

With the rapid rate of new technologies, coupled with telecommunications equipment being introduced into the workplace, further exploration is needed on how to effectively integrate and design these technologies to better support the roles of the individual, organization and society. Occupational roles are expanding along with new patterns of how individuals interact with these evolving technologies and their influences on different levels, that of the individual, organization and society. To more systematically analyze these technology based computerized information systems and their integrations with the physical workplace design, psychosocial issues, work organization and work/family balance factors, two theoretical models are presented and their relationship to workplace stressors and strain. These models highlight the importance of action strategies and applying a system analysis model that incorporates an interdisciplinary and macroergonomics perspective.
Individuation and Diversity
Authors: Bagnara Sebastiano , Pozzi Simone
Published: August 2010

Nowadays, our life is characterized by an increasing complexity and variety in the use of technology: highly idiosyncratic experiences in technology use have become rule rather than exceptions. Such “normal” variety has an impact on the field of Human-Computer Interaction by posing a new challenge, that of ‘individuation’, i.e. passing from research and design for the ‘average user’, to research and design for ‘individuals’. We maintain that HCI is in the middle of such a transition and that it should actively develop proper means to address the complexity of idiosyncratic uses of technology. Such a transition will mark a shift from ‘nomothetic’ to ‘idiographic’ approaches.
Usable Privacy-Enhancing Identity Management
Authors: Fischer-Hübner Simone , Pettersson John Sören
Published: August 2010

A critical success factor for Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs), and for Privacy-Enhancing Identity Management in particular, will be user-friendly and intelligible user interfaces that are legally compliant and convey trust. Such user interfaces have to meet challenges such as the user-friendly representation of complex PET concepts (such as “pseudonyms”, “unlinkabilty” or “anonymous credentials”) that are unfamiliar to many users, the provision of security, the enforcement of legal privacy principles, such as informed consent or transparency, as well as the mediation of reliable trust to the end users. In this paper, we will discuss such challenges for usable privacy-enhancing identity management and will provide some HCI guidelines for addressing those challenges.