bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Linking Order of Fragments of HA2 and M2e of the influenza A Virus to Flagellin on the Properties of Recombinant Proteins
Authors: Stepanova L. A. , Kotlyarov R. Y. , Shuklina M. A. , Blochina E. A. , Sergeeva M. V. , Potapchuk M. V. , Kovaleva A. A. , Ravin N. V. , Tsybalova L. M.
Published: November 2018

The ectodomain of the M2 protein (M2e) and the conserved fragment of the second subunit of hemagglutinin (HA2) are promising candidates for broadly protective vaccines. In this paper, we report on the design of chimeric constructs with differing orders of linkage of four tandem copies of M2e and the conserved fragment of HA2 (76-130) from phylogenetic group II influenza A viruses to the C-terminus of flagellin. The 3D-structure of two chimeric proteins showed that interior location of the M2e tandem copies (Flg-4M2e-HA2) provides partial -helix formation nontypical of native M2e on the virion surface. The C-terminal position of the M2e tandem copies (Flg-HA2-4M2e) largely retained its native M2e conformation. These conformational differences in the structure of the two chimeric proteins were shown to affect their immunogenic properties. Different antibody levels induced by the chimeric proteins were detected. The protein Flg-HA2-4M2e was more immunogenic as compared to Flg-4M2e-HA2, with the former offering full protection to mice against a lethal challenge. We obtained evidence suggesting that the order of linkage of target antigens in a fusion protein may influence the 3D conformation of the chimeric construct, which leads to changes in immunogenicity and protective potency.
Kronik Bel Ağrılı Hastalarda Fizyoterapi Programının Ağrı Düzeyi, Fonksiyonel Düzey ve Psikolojik Duruma Etkisi
Authors: ÇELİK Türkan , İŞBİL BÜYÜKCOŞKUN Naciye , AYKURT KARLIBEL İlknur
Published: November 2018

Çalışmamız, kronik bel
ağrılı hastalarda kısa süreli standart fizyoterapi programının, ağrı düzeyine,
fonksiyonel yetersizliğe ve psikolojik duruma etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla
planlanmıştır. Çalışmaya 25-60 yaş arası, kronik bel ağrısı tanısı ile fizyoterapi
programına alınan 30 ev hanımı hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların sosyo demografik
verileri kaydedildi. Okuma yazma bilme kriteri göz önünde bulunduruldu. Olgulara
haftada 5 gün olmak üzere toplam 10 seans hotpack, ultrason ve Transkutanöz
Elektriksel Sinir Stimülasyonu’ndan oluşan standart fizyoterapi programı
uygulandı. Ağrı; Vizüel Analog Skalası ile, fonksiyonel düzey; Revize Oswestry
Fonksiyonel Yetersizlik Skalası ile ve psikolojik durum; Beck Depresyon
Envanteri ile değerlendirildi. Değerlendirmeler tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası
olmak üzere 2 kez tekrarlandı. Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası yapılan
değerlendirmelerde, çalışmaya katılan bireylerin fizyoterapi programı sonrası
ağrı şiddeti değerlerine bakıldığında, fizyoterapi programı öncesine göre
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede azalma olduğu görüldü  (p<0,001). Fizyoterapi programı öncesi ve
sonrası özürlülük düzeyleri ve psikolojik durum karşılaştırıldığında; anlamlı
fark bulundu (p<0,001). Bulgularımıza göre, fizyoterapi programı kronik bel
ağrılı hastalarda ağrıyı ve özürlülük düzeyini azaltıp, fonksiyonel yeterliliği
arttırmakta ve depresyon düzeyini azaltarak psikolojik durumda iyileşme sağlamaktadır.
Bir Üniversite Hastanesi Acil Servisi'nde Taze Donmuş Plazma (TDP) Verilen Hastaların Retrospektif Analizi
Authors: KARAMURAT Mehmet , DURAK Vahide Aslıhan , KÖKSAL Özlem
Published: November 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı
bir Üniversite Hastanesi Acil Servisi’ nde TDP kullanımının retrospektif olarak
incelenmesi ve bu alandaki eksikliklerin ortaya konarak transfüzyon alanında
iyileşmeye gidilmenin sağlanmasıdır. Çalışmaya 01.02.2014 – 01.02.2017
tarihleri arasında bir Üniversite Hastanesi Acil
Servisi’ nde TDP verilen tüm hastalar alınırken, 18 yaş altı ve gebeler
çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Toplanan verilerin kaydedildiği çalışma formunda;
hastanın adı soyadı, protokol numarası, yaşı, cinsiyeti, TDP verilme
endikasyonu, endikasyon uygunluğu, verilen TDP miktarı, beraberinde varsa
verilen başka kan ürünü ve miktarı, transfüzyon sırasında gelişmişse
komplikasyon türü, transfüzyon öncesine ait hemoglobin ve trombosit değerleri,
transfüzyon öncesi ve sonrasına ait Protrombin Zamanı (PT), aktive Parsiyel
Tromboplastin Zamanı (aPTT), INR değerleri, hastaların sonuçlanma şekilleri
(yatış, sevk, taburculuk ve ölüm) kaydedilmiştir. Acil
serviste, TDP verilen hastaların %73.9’ unda uygun endikasyon saptanırken,
%26.1 ’inde hastalara endikasyon dışı TDP verildiği gözlendi. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular
doğrultusunda; bir Üniversite Hastanesi AS’inde azımsanmayacak oranda uygunsuz
TDP transfüzyonunun yapıldığını söyleyebiliriz. Birçok çalışmada olduğu gibi,
bu çalışmada da AS’de TDP verilme endikasyonları arasında warfarin overdoz ilk
sırada yer almaktadır. Uygunsuz TDP kullanımından kaçınmak için özellikle
kanama bulgusu olmaksızın warfarin overdozu veya karaciğer hastalıkları
nedeniyle koagülasyon parametrelerinde uzama olan hastalara TDP verilmesinden
kaçınmamız gerekmektedir. Uygun TDP transfüzyonu için, mutlaka kılavuzlar
kullanılmalı ve hastanelerin bu konuda kendi oluşturduğu  protokolleri olmalıdır.
Kuruluşundan Günümüze Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi
Authors: YILMAZ Serap , ERER KAFA Sezer
Published: November 2018

Bilimsel içerikli dergiler, batıda 17. yüzyılda
yayımlanmaya başlamışsa da bizde ilk bilimsel dergi 19. yüzyılda yayımlanmıştır.
Zamanla gelişen dergicilik anlayışı, çok çeşitli kurum/kuruluşa ait yayınların
başlamasını sağlamıştır. Bu kurum/kuruluşlar içerisinde değerlendirilebilecek
olan üniversitelerin tıp fakülteleri bünyesinde çıkarmış oldukları dergiler de
zamanla çoğalmıştır. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi yayımlandığı
ilk yıldan itibaren hiç sekteye uğramadan devam etmesi açısından tıp fakültesi
dergileri arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Derginin 1974-2018 yılı arasında
toplam 44 cilt, 141 sayısında 1614 adet makale bulunmaktadır. Bu 1614 makale
içerisinde “tıp tarihi, tıp etiği, tıbbi
deontoloji” alanları özelinde tarama yapılmış olup 44 yıllık arşivde bu
alanlara ait toplam 17 adet makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Makalelerde, derginin ilk
yayınlandığı günden bugüne ele alınan alanlar özelinde artış olup olmadığı
incelenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda makale sayısında her ne kadar anlamlı
bir artış bulunmuşsa da günümüzde uygulanan “uluslararası bilimsel yayınları teşvik politikası” ve “akademik atama ve yükseltmelerde
uluslararası yayın yapma politikası” gibi nedenlerden ötürü derginin arşivinde
ele alınan alanlar özelinde yoğun bir artış olmadığı düşünülmektedir.
Pertumbuhan Bisnis Melalui Metode O2O pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia
Authors: Wardhanie Ayouvi Poerna , Kartikasari Puspita , Wulandari Sri Hariani Eko
Published: November 2018

Upaya pemerintah dalam mendorong Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) untuk “go online” mendapat dukungan besar dari para pelaku e-commerce. Hal ini disebabkan karena kekuatan ekonomi khususnya di Indonesia sebesar 60% terletak pada UMKM. Di era mobile internet saat ini, jumlah pengguna smartphone yang telah melakukan online adalah sumber utama dalam pengembangan UMKM. Salah satu strategi yang diadopsi oleh banyak pelaku bisnis di Indonesia adalah strategi Online to Offline atau Offline to Online (O2O). Model bisnis O2O tidak hanya mengubah mentalitas konsumen dan model layanan tetapi juga membawa tantangan baru bagi e-commerce tradisional. Dapat dikatakan bahwa e-commerce saat ini mencari cara baru untuk menggabungkan ekonomi online dan offline, yang merupakan tren yang tak terelakkan dalam pengembangan e-commerce. Oleh karena itu, model bisnis O2O adalah model bisnis yang tepat untuk UMKM karena memiliki prospek pengembangan yang besar. Makalah ini akan membahas pengenalan model O2O dan strategi pengembangannya kepada UMKM, dan juga untuk mempromosikan pengembangan aplikasi e-commerce berbasis O2O di UMKM.
Pengaruh Pembiayaan Dan Efisiensi Operasi Terhadap Pencapaian Laba Pada BPR Syariah Di Jawa Timur
Authors: Hanif Rifki , Fitri Raisa
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Biaya dan Pendapatan Operasional  dan Loan Asset Ratio terhadap Pencapaian Laba pada BPR Syariah di Jawa Timur. kinerja perbankan menunjukkan perkembangan yang positif yang didukung oleh profitabilitas yang cukup tinggi, dan indikator keuangan yang lain yang menunjukkan pertumbuhan positif, dimana pertumbuhan ditahun 2011 relatif lebih tinggi. Total asset BPRS meningkat sebesar 28,21% dari Rp. 2,73 triliun (2010) menjadi Rp. 3,50 triliun (tahun 2011), (Bank Indonesia, 2011). Penelitian ini memakai model analisis regresi berganda. Dan jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diambil melalui Laporan Bank Indonesia.
Pengaruh Earning Per Share, Debt To Equity Ratio Dan Return On Equity Terhadap Saham LQ45
Authors: Purboyanti Rini Trah , Yogatama Ahmad Nizar
Published: November 2018

This study aims to analyze how much Earning Per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio and Return On Equity to stock prices in companies indexed by the 2015-2017 LQ45 period. The population of this study is the LQ45 company that is consistently indexed in 2015-2017. The sample of this study uses purposive sampling. The sample in this study were 35 companies. The type of data used is secondary data derived from a summary of financial statement records. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study found that Earning Per Share had an effect on stock prices, while Debt to Equity Ratio and Return On Equity had no effect on stock prices for LQ45 indexed companies consistently in the 2015-2017 period.
Unemployment and the Unemployed in Russia: Features, Structure, Dynamics from 2000 to 2016
Authors: N. Ershov Andrei , A. Salatova Aleksandra
Published: November 2018

This article provided an analysis of statistical data on the dynamics and the changes in the structure of unemployment in the three Russian federal districts (Central, Volga, and North-Caucasian FD) from 2000 to 2016. The analysis also made it possible to distinguish the following features: 1. The differentiation of the ratio, but the similarity of the dynamics of urban/rural unemployment across all districts; 2. The absence of gender discrimination, moreover, during the crisis, women and men were evenly displaced from the labour market. 3. A slight difference in the average age of the unemployed in the districts (35-36 years - Central, Volga, 33-34 years - North Caucasus) and the general trend of its increase. 4. The largest group in the structure of the unemployed in all districts formed by individuals with a secondary general education. However, in the Central Federal District, there was a tendency for a gradual increase in the proportion of unemployed people with higher education. 5. The presence of a gap, with a tendency to its gradual reduction in all districts, between the levels of registered unemployment and calculated ones according to the methodology of the International Labour Organization. Thus, the structure of Russian unemployment changes in accordance with world trends was described while the trend to reduce unemployment was contrary to them.
The Language of Dmitriy Venevitinov’s Poetry: A Linguographic Approach
Authors: Shaykhutdinova Ruzalina , Galiullin Kamil , Tameryan Tatiana
Published: November 2018

The dictionary complex of Venevitinov’s poetry language created at Kazan Federal University provides valuable materials for studying the features of his language and it is currently being prepared for publication. The dictionary complex includes quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the poet’s lexicon. This article presented the results of the study of Dmitriy Venevitinov’s poetic language obtained in the process of creating this dictionary complex. The article considered individual-author words, obsolete words, and other units referring to the vocabulary of limited use. The dictionary also provided a wide range of opportunities for a multilateral description of the texts. With the help of the frequency dictionary and concordance, the authors determined the main motives of Venevitinov’s poetry (according to Gasparov’s approach) and thereby proved the poet’s involvement in romantic individualism. The results of the study further showed the significant information potential of language reference books as well as prospects and effectiveness of their use for the description of text materials.
Measuring the Effect of Private Transport Job Accessibility on Rents: The Case of San Francisco’s Tech Shuttles
Authors: Palm Matthew , Niemeier Deb
Published: November 2018

We measure the effect of San Francisco’s technology firm commuter shuttles on rents utilizing a kernel density estimation approach. To model the effects of job accessibility improvements that the shuttles provide, we capture the influence of each shuttle stop in terms of the number of jobs that shuttle connects to in Silicon Valley and the capital value of the companies served. We compare these results to baseline models with simple distance measures. Our models identify a strong correlation between commuter shuttles and rents, suggesting that the effects of private shuttles can be anticipated without measuring the job accessibility gains they provide.
ANALISIS BEDA KUALITAS SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Azkia Salina , Mulyani Sri
Published: November 2018

Konsep triple bottom line menuntut perusahaan memastikan tujuan dan proses bisnisnya memperhatikan aspek keuntungan, sosial, lingkungan dan tata kelolanya. Proses tersebut dikenal dengan Sustainability Reporting. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan nilai perusahaan antara perusahaan dengan kualitas sustainability reporting yang baik dan kurang baik, yang diprosikan dengan pemenang dan bukan pemenang SRI Kehati Award. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah event study dengan Mann Whitney untuk pengujian hipotesisnya. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan go public yang berpartisipasi dalam ajang penghargaan SRI Kehati 2014-2017 yang diselenggarakan oleh Yayasan Kehati dan Majalah SWA serta bekerja sama dengan Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai perusahaan (proksi Tobin’s Q) yang signifikan pada perusahaan yang memenangkan dan tidak memenangkan penghargaan. Juga dari aspek penjualan, tidak terdapat perbedaan. Jawaban dari para manajer investasi juga menunjukkan sustainability reporting tidak menjadi pertimbangan yang dominan dalam keputusan investasi.
The Role of Maqasid Al-Shariah and Maslahah in Ethical Decision Making: A Study of Professionals in Indonesia
Authors: Samidi Sudarmawan , Karnadi Mohammad Faby Rizky , Nurfadilah Dety
Published: November 2018

Ethical behavior is very important for every professional to ensure that the business will sustain for a long time and gain proitable. The present study is aimed at understanding the importance of Maqasid Al-Shariah and Maslahah in making ethical decisions among executive professionals in Indonesia. In view of this, the research explore to extent to which practitioners understand the concept of Maqasid Al-Shariah and Maslahah concept in making ethical decisions, and whether there is a relationship between their understanding of the concept and ethical decisions. Qualitative research method is used to collect a data from seven executiveprofessionals from different industry and working experiences. This study used in-depth and intensive semi-structured interview. The finding showed that majority ofrespondents are not familiar with the concept of Maqasid Al-Shariah and Maslahah, although they proved that their current practice actually has been part ofthis concept.
MARMARA BÖLGESİNDEKİ 4 VE 5 YILDIZLI KONAKLAMA İŞLETMELERİNİN WEB SİTELERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÖZKAN Nihan , ULAMA Şevki
Published: November 2018

Giderek artan rekabet ortamında konaklama işletmelerine ait web sitelerinin
niteliği, işletmenin başarısı için kritik öneme sahiptir. Konaklama
işletmeleri web sitelerinin içeriği ile müşteri gereksinimlerinin
entegrasyonunu sağlamalıdır. İnternet sitelerinde bu gereksinimleri karşılayan
konaklama işletmeleri eksik içeriğe sahip web sitesi sunan işletmelere göre
daha fazla tercih edilebilir. Bu çalışmada Marmara Bölgesi’nde faaliyet
gösteren 4 ve 5 yıldızlı 304 adet konaklama işletmesinin web siteleri içerik
analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda konaklama
işletmelerinin internet sitelerinde en çok yer verdiği özellikler; iletişim
bilgileri, otelin harita gösterimi, hakkımızda, restoran, otel resimleri, oda
resimleri, oda seçenekleri bilgisi, dil seçeneği, aktiviteler olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Konaklama işletmelerinin web sitelerinde en az kullanılan
özelliklerin ise döviz bilgisi, döviz çevirici, arka plan müziği, sık sorulan
sorular, online müşteri hizmetleri, geri bildirim formu, mobil uygulama olduğu
saptanmıştır.
Sınıf Yönetimi Olgusunun Pedagoji, Otorite Tipleri ve Söylevsel Güç İlişkileri Bağlamında Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SOYSAL Yılmaz , RADMARD Somayyeh
Published: November 2018

Bu çalışma, sınıf yönetimi olgusuna yeni ya da alternatif bir
perspektif sunmayı amaçlamıştır. Sınıf yönetimi sınıfın maddi bağlamının düzenlenmesi ve öğretimsel faaliyetlerin düzenlenmesi gibi iki ana etmen tarafından açıklanabilmekte ve tahmin
edilebilmektedir. Bu derlemede öncelikle, sınıfı kuşatan maddi ya da
fiziksel çevrenin önceden ayarlanması ile ilgili sınıf yönetimi argümanının yetersizliği müzakereye açılmıştır. Sonrasında, öğretimsel süreçlere öğrenenlerin dahil
edilmesi ya da edilmemesinin sınıf yönetimi olgusuna yansımaları ile ilgili alternatif
bir perspektif öne çıkarılmıştır. Sınıf yönetimi, bu çalışma bağlamında, öğretimsel süreçlerden kopuk bir biçimde değil, pedagojik
faaliyetlerin yöneylemine bağlı ve bitişik bir biçimde ele alınmıştır.  Öğretimi karakterize eden, öğretimsel/pedagojik yaklaşım türü, otorite tipleri ve değişen söylevsel güç ilişkileri sınıf yönetimi bağlamında derinlemesine açıklanmış ve örneklendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, öğretmen-merkezli ve öğrenen-merkezli sınıf içi uygulamaların türü, epistemik ve sosyal otorite olarak çeşitlenen ve öğretmen tarafından oluşturulan otorite tipleri
ve öğretmenin belli başlı pedagojik-söylevsel hamlelerinin azlığı ya da çokluğu ile oluşan sınıf içi güç ilişkileri tanımlanıp ve incelenmiştir. Öğretmenler ve öğretmen eğitimcileri adına çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Eğitim Fakültesinde Öğrenim Gören Öğretmen Adaylarının Narsisizm Düzeylerinin Siber Zorbalığa Duyarlık ve İnternet Bağımlılığı Düzeylerine Etkisi
Authors: ÖZÖZEN DANACI Miray , KAVAKLI Nurdan , TIKIZ Gülşah
Published: November 2018

Son yüzyılda bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde görülen hızlı gelişmeler, internet kullanma oranını artırarak hayatı kolaylaştırmanın yanında birtakım riskleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. İnternetin, amacını aşan şekilde ve aşırı kullanımını ifade eden internet bağımlılığının ve bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanılarak yapılan zarar verme davranışları olarak tanımlanan siber zorbalığın da bu riskler arasında yer aldığı ifade edilmektedir. Bireyin, insanları ve yaşamı algılama ve değerlendirme biçiminde olumsuz yönde etkileyen narsisistik kişilik yapısının ise, bireylerin düşünce, davranış ve tutumlarını etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada; öğretmen adaylarının sahip oldukları narsisizm düzeylerinin siber zorbalığa duyarlık ve internet bağımlılığı düzeylerini etkileyip etkilemediği araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Batı Karadeniz üniversitelerinin eğitim fakültelerinde öğrenim gören temel eğitim öğretmen adayları, örneklem grubunu ise, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Temel Eğitim bölümünde öğrenim gören 142 kız ve 83 erkek olmak üzere toplam 225 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. İlişkisel tarama modelli olarak yürütülen araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak; araştırmaya katılanların demografik bilgilerini elde etmek amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan “Demografik Bilgi Formu”, Young (1996) tarafından geliştirilen ve Bayraktar (2001)’ın Türkçe’ye uyarladığı “İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeği”, Ames ve diğ., (2006) tarafından yeniden revize edilen “Narsistik Kişilik Envanteri” (NKE) ve Tanrıkulu ve diğerleri (2011) tarafından geliştirilen, “Siber Zorbalığa İlişkin Duyarlılık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Siber zorbalığın, internet bağımlılığı ve narsisizmle ile pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişkisi bulunduğu görülmüştür. Regresyonun aracılık testine ait siber zorbalık ile internet bağımlılığı arasında narsisizm etkisine yönelik bootstrapping katsayı sonuçları, internet bağımlılığı düzeyinin siber zorbalığı BSH=.22 ve narsisizmi BSH=.41 doğrusal açıdan etkilediğini göstermiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilere bağlı olarak siber zorbalığa ve internet bağımlılığına yönelik önlemsel çalışmalarda öncelikle narsisistik odaklı karakter ve kişilik yapısının kontrol altına alınması gerektiği, yordayıcı özellikler konusunda sağaltım ve terapi süreçlerinin desteklenmesi gerekliliği ortaya konmuştur.
Towards Hand Model with Integrated Multichannel Sensor System for Thermal Testing of Protective Gloves
Authors: Kalas David , Pretl Silvan , Reboun Jan , Soukup Radek , Hamacek Ales
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with the development of a temperature sensor system consisting of multiple temperature sensors integrated into a model of a human hand and a system for data collection, processing and 3D visualization. The measuring part of the system uses temperature sensors TMP05, which enable daisy chain serial connection. The individual chains are then connected to the microprocessor. The microprocessor controls the temperature measurement and sends data to the computer, where data is processed, evaluated and visualized. The temperature sensors are mounted on flexible printed circuit boards which are placed into the human hand model and subsequently fixed by a UV curable adhesive. The model of the human hand is designed in accordance with the standard models for the production of rubber gloves and it is made on a 3D printer of polyamide PA6 filled with short carbon fibers. The final version of the system will have approximately two hundred sensors, which will be concentrated mainly in the area of fingers and back of the hand.
Vibration Damping Measurement on Car Windshields
Authors: Vehovszky Balázs , Horváth István , Slenczka Karl , Schuster Martin , Jakubík Tamás
Published: November 2018

Knowledge of the damping properties of a windshield is a fundamental element of the acoustical characterization of a car. The measuring method of damping for a windshield is presented in the paper. The damping loss factor – as a basic measure of mechanical damping – was determined experimentally by two means: the reverberation time from impact hammer testing as well as the modal behavior from 3D laser scanning vibrometer measurements. The results proved that the modal shapes have a fundamental effect on the measured damping values.
Universal Jurisdiction Fault Lines and the Immunity of State Officials: A Salutary Warning Before Perdition
Authors: Bazuaye Bright , Fenemigho Alero I.
Published: November 2018

An examination of universal criminal jurisdiction (UCJ) utility reveals objections and obstacles. The African Union (AU) and many states are wary of its ascendancy. The gap between UCJ and its application is wide. Nevertheless, to prevent impunity for international crimes, a balanced and nuanced approach to UCJ is inevitable.
Implementation of International Obligations on Plant Breeders' Rights in Kenya: Pitfalls and Prospects
Authors: Kabau Tom , Mutema Angela
Published: November 2018

The fragmented international legal instruments on plant breeders' rights include mechanisms that retrogressively limit the vital farmers' privilege to freely save, replant and exchange seeds. Pragmatic choices are essential in Kenya's accession to relevant treaties in order to domestically safeguard the farmers' privilege and, therefore, enhance food security.
Effect of Yttrium on Microstructure and Magnetocaloric Properties in La1−xYxFe11.5Si1.5 Compounds
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Xue Jianing , Liu Chang , Zhou He , Long Yi
Published: November 2018

The effects of Y on the phase composition and magnetocaloric effect in La1−xYxFe11.5Si1.5 compounds were studied. Y2Fe17-type phase and α-Fe phase appear in the annealed La1−xYxFe11.5Si1.5 compounds when x ≥ 0.07 due to small solid solubility of Y in NaZn13 phase. Y2Fe17 phase obstructs the formation of the 1:13 phase, leading to the decrease of magnetic entropy changes. But for x < 0.1, La1−xYxFe11.5Si1.5 compounds exhibit high magnetic entropy changes and low hysteresis loss compared with that of LaFe11.5Si1.5. Consequently, the La1−xYxFe11.5Si1.5 compounds (x < 0.1) are useful to realize large magnetocaloric effect with smaller hysteresis loss.
Spin Gapless Semiconductor–Nonmagnetic Semiconductor Transitions in Fe-Doped Ti2CoSi: First-Principle Calculations
Authors: Feng Yu , Cui Zhou , Wei Ming-sheng , Wu Bo , Azam Sikander
Published: November 2018

Employing first-principle calculations, we investigated the influence of the impurity, Fe atom, on magnetism and electronic structures of Heusler compound Ti2CoSi, which is a spin gapless semiconductor (SGS). When the impurity, Fe atom, intervened, Ti2CoSi lost its SGS property. As TiA atoms (which locate at (0, 0, 0) site) are completely occupied by Fe, the compound converts to half-metallic ferromagnet (HMF) TiFeCoSi. During this SGS→HMF transition, the total magnetic moment linearly decreases as Fe concentration increases, following the Slate–Pauling rule well. When all Co atoms are substituted by Fe, the compound converts to nonmagnetic semiconductor Fe2TiSi. During this HMF→nonmagnetic semiconductor transition, when Fe concentration y ranges from y = 0.125 to y = 0.625, the magnetic moment of Fe atom is positive and linearly decreases, while those of impurity Fe and TiB (which locate at (0.25, 0.25, 0.25) site) are negative and linearly increase. When the impurity Fe concentration reaches up to y = 1, the magnetic moments of Ti, Fe, and Si return to zero, and the compound is a nonmagnetic semiconductor.
Power Management Strategy for an Autonomous DC Microgrid
Authors: Yin Changjie , Wu Hongwei , Sechilariu Manuela , Locment Fabrice
Published: November 2018

Owing to the intermittent nature of renewable energy, microgrids in islanding operation mode require backup power sources. The diesel generator is the most popular backup source, but does not offer an instantaneous start-up and cannot immediately provide the necessary power. Therefore, supercapacitors are used to assist the power balance during diesel generator start-up thanks to their responsiveness and high-power density. This paper proposed a power management strategy for an autonomous DC microgrid based on a photovoltaic source, electrochemical storage, a supercapacitor, and a diesel generator. The proposed control system aimed at power balance while accounting for the slow start-up characteristic of the diesel generator, the self-discharge of the supercapacitor, the dynamic load management, and the economic operating mode of the diesel generator. The main contribution of this paper centered on a power management strategy solving the above issues integrally, and economic analysis for the diesel generator and microgrid. Experimental studies were carried out for different scenarios and the results obtained confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Furthermore, the study provided a comparison between the economic operating and load-following modes of the diesel generator and demonstrated that the economic operating mode of the diesel generator can reduce the total energy cost of the DC microgrid.
An Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviors of Reinforced Concrete Member Replaced Heavyweight Waste Glass as Fine Aggregate under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Choi So Yeong , Choi Yoon Suk , Kim Il Sun , Yang Eun Ik
Published: November 2018

The development of electronic technology has accelerated in recent decades. Consequently, electronic wastes such as cathode ray tube (CRT) glass are accumulated, and hazardous wastes including heavy metals are generated. Simultaneously, natural resources are required to create concrete; however, they are already exhausted. Furthermore, heavyweight waste glass is considered to be the most suitable substitute for aggregate owing to its physical characteristics and chemical composition. However, structural results regarding the recycling of heavyweight waste glass as fine aggregate in Reinforced Concrete (RC) members are insufficient. Thus, herein, experimental study is conducted to evaluate whether RC members with heavyweight waste glass as fine aggregate can be applied for concrete structures. Flexural behavior tests of reinforced concrete members were performed. Fifteen specimens with different substitution ratios of heavyweight waste glass were prepared. The results showed that when all the fine aggregate is replaced by heavyweight waste glass in RC members, the heavyweight waste glass substitution ratio affected the crack occurrence patterns, and the possibility of a sudden failure of a member increased owing to concrete crushing in the compression zone. Additionally, the load capacity and flexural rigidity were affected by the substitution ratio of heavyweight waste glass; however, the flexural performance is improved when mineral admixture as a binder or a low water-binder ratio were used. Therefore, heavyweight waste glass is considered applicable for use as fine aggregate of concrete.
Paimio Sanatorium under Construction
Authors: Heikinheimo Marianna
Published: November 2018

Alvar Aalto created innovative architecture in his breakthrough work, Paimio Sanatorium, located in Southwestern Finland and designed between 1928 and 1933. This empirical case study looked at the iconic piece of architecture from a new angle by implementing the actor-network theory (ANT). The focus was on how the architecture of the sanatorium came to be. A detailed description of the chronology and administration of the building process enabled observing on the role of the agency of the architect. The study surveyed the cooperation, collaboration, and decision making of the agency during the construction period. The first part of this paper focused on the relations and conditions of producing the sanatorium and analyzed the building through drawings and archive material; the second part linked to the actor-network theory of Bruno Latour and included a discussion on how Aalto managed to bring along the other actors. The study clearly showed the importance of a collaborative effort in a building project. The most special architectural solutions for Paimio Sanatorium, a demanding institutional building project, came into being in circumstances where the architect managed to create a viable network that merged collective competence with material factors.
Chaos Synchronization in Visible Light Communications with Variable Delays Induced by Multipath Fading
Authors: Canyelles-Pericas Pep , Haigh Paul Anthony , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Burton Andrew , Dai Xuewu , The Son Tran , Le-Minh Hoa , Binns Richard , Busawon Krishna
Published: November 2018

Visible Light Communication (VLC) uses light-emitting diodes to provide wireless connectivity in public environments. Transmission security in this emerging channel is not trivial. Chaotic modulation techniques can provide encryption directly in the physical layer based on the random-alike evolution and strong synchronization prospect given by deterministic chaos. In secure chaotic inclusion or embedding methods, continuous-time chaos oscillator models need to be synchronized via a coupling carrier. Here we present a first numerical simulation study for the impact of the variable delays induced by line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight multipath fading in complete chaotic synchronization. More precisely, we analyze a chaotic Colpitts oscillator that is simultaneously transmitting the carrier to several mobile receivers via nine spotlights. Such induced delays depend on both the receiver position and the carrier frequency, influencing the complete synchronization required in modulation via chaotic inclusion. Correlation values for several receiver positions and carrier frequencies are presented, examining the progressive emergence of the multipath effect and its impact on chaotic synchronization. We show that, for the chaotic oscillator and coupling applied in the defined room settings, complete chaotic synchronization can be achieved and that it is robust up to the tens of MHz region.
Precursors of September Arctic Sea-Ice Extent Based on Causal Effect Networks
Authors: Li Sha , Wang Muyin , Bond Nicholas A. , Huang Wenyu , Wang Yong , Xu Shiming , Liu Jiping , Wang Bin , Bai Yuqi
Published: November 2018

Although standard statistical methods and climate models can simulate and predict sea-ice changes well, it is still very hard to distinguish some direct and robust factors associated with sea-ice changes from its internal variability and other noises. Here, with long-term observations (38 years from 1980 to 2017), we apply the causal effect networks algorithm to explore the direct precursors of September Arctic sea-ice extent by adjusting the maximal lead time from one to eight months. For lead time of more than three months, June downward longwave radiation flux in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago is the only one precursor. However, for lead time of 1–3 months, August sea-ice concentration in Western Arctic represents the strongest positive correlation with September sea-ice extent, while August sea-ice concentration factors in other regions have weaker influences on the marginal seas. Other precursors include August wind anomalies in the lower latitudes accompanied with an Arctic high pressure anomaly, which induces the sea-ice loss along the Eurasian coast. These robust precursors can be used to improve the seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice and evaluate the climate models.
State of Knowledge of Thermal Bridges—A Follow up in Sweden and a Review of Recent Research
Authors: Berggren Björn , Wall Maria
Published: November 2018

It is important to minimize transmission heat transfer losses through the building envelope when designing and building energy efficient buildings in heating dominated climates. In such a climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission heat transfer losses through the building envelope. Calculations of these losses must be carried out in a correct way to ensure a properly sized heating system and a good indoor climate. Furthermore, underestimating the transmission heat transfer may lead to energy costs that exceed expectations. A Swedish study was published five years ago which concluded that the state of knowledge was low and simplified methods used were not accurate. Five years has passed since the previous study. The purpose of this follow-up is to investigate whether the state of knowledge among Swedish consultants has increased and to review the progress within the international field. The study shows that little has changed in Sweden. The state of knowledge regarding different measuring methods and the effect on thermal bridges is still not satisfying. Furthermore, the review of recent research shows that the relative effect of thermal bridges vary greatly. More guidelines and education/training are needed. Further research should be carried out with a holistic approach where thermal bridges are investigated with varying construction types, energy efficiency of building envelopes and different measuring methods.
Modelling the Technical–Economic Relevance of the ETICS Construction Process
Authors: Sulakatko Virgo
Published: November 2018

The increased number of energy efficiency requirements of the European Union has increased the renovation rate of apartment buildings. The external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) is often used to upgrade the façade. However, the construction process shortcomings very often cause defects shortly after completion. This paper develops a technical–economic relevance assessment model of the onsite degradation factors for better quality assurance in an SME. The model quantifies the technical significance of the degradation factors along with the future repair costs. The technical severity of 103 factors is evaluated by 12 experts, and the data is validated with the Friedman’s test. The occurrence ratio, detectability, and latency period are foreseen by five experts and validated with the Delphi technique. The results of the three sample simulations emphasize the activities during substrate preparation and application of adhesive as well as a base coat with reinforcement mesh. The application of a finishing coat and installation of insulation plates have less relevance. It is recommended to upskill the craftsmen in regard to working with mixtures as the shortcomings are covered simultaneously and the failure detection period is short. The measures to protect against external weather effects are recommended due to their relatively high impact. Half of the shortcomings appear during the first two years.
Commemorative Issue in Honor of Professor Calvin H. Bartholomew’s 75th Birthday
Authors: Argyle Morris D.
Published: November 2018

This editorial is written to recognize Professor Emeritus Calvin H. Bartholomew, who celebrated his 75th birthday in 2018, and to introduce the commemorative issue of Catalysts compiled in his honor. Following a brief biography that celebrates the career and contributions of Professor Bartholomew, the nine articles that make up the special issue are briefly reviewed. Dr. Bartholomew is an eminent researcher, an outstanding educator, mentor, and friend.
Calcium Pathways in Human Neutrophils—The Extended Effects of Thapsigargin and ML-9
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela , Freitas Marisa , Rocha Sílvia , Lima José L. F. C. , Carvalho Félix , Fernandes Eduarda
Published: November 2018

In neutrophils, intracellular Ca2+ levels are regulated by several transporters and pathways, namely SERCA [sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase], SOCE (store-operated calcium entry), and ROCE (receptor-operated calcium entry). However, the exact mechanisms involved in the communication among these transporters are still unclear. In the present study, thapsigargin, an irreversible inhibitor of SERCA, and ML-9, a broadly used SOCE inhibitor, were applied in human neutrophils to better understand their effects on Ca2+ pathways in these important cells of the immune system. The thapsigargin and ML-9 effects in the intracellular free Ca2+ flux were evaluated in freshly isolated human neutrophils, using a microplate reader for monitoring fluorimetric kinetic readings. The obtained results corroborate the general thapsigargin-induced intracellular pattern of Ca2+ fluctuation, but it was also observed a much more extended effect in time and a clear sustained increase of Ca2+ levels due to its influx by SOCE. Moreover, it was obvious that ML-9 enhanced the thapsigargin-induced emptying of the internal stores. Indeed, ML-9 does not have this effect by itself, which indicates that, in neutrophils, thapsigargin does not act only on the influx by SOCE, but also by other Ca2+ pathways, that, in the future, should be further explored.
Enhanced High Voltage Performance of Chlorine/Bromine Co-Doped Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide
Authors: Zhu Huali , Li Qifeng , Gong Xiaolong , Cao Kaifeng , Chen Zhaoyong
Published: November 2018

The chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) co-doped lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2) was successfully synthesized by the molten salt method. The synthesized LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 compound demonstrates spherical morphology, which is formed by aggregated spherical-like or polygon primary particles. Halogen substitution would contribute to the growth of the primary particles. The LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 compound has the typical hexagonal layered structure, and no impurity phase is detected. The surface oxidation state of the compound is improved after Cl and Br substitution. Moreover, the Cl and Br co-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 compound exhibits both improved rate capacity and cycle stability at a high voltage (4.6 V) compared with the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. The initial discharge capacities of Cl and Br co-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 are 208.9 mAh g−1, 200.6 mAh g−1, 188.2 mAh g−1, 173.3 mAh g−1, and 157.1 mAh g−1 at the corresponding rates of 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, and 3C respectively. The capacity retention at 1C after 50 cycles is increased from 81.1% to 93.2% by co-doping. The better contact between the electroactive particles of the electrode and the smaller resistance enhance the electric conductivity of the Cl and Br co-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode. The synthesized LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is a promising cathode material for a high-power and large-capacity lithium-ion battery.
The Flesh Made Word: Bodily Inscription and Religion in Celine et Julie Vont en Bateau
Authors: Taylor McNeil
Published: November 2018

In Celine et Julie Vont en Bateau Jacques Rivette works through his discomfort with the theological function of the author, a discomfort stemming from the material effects of authorship on the bodies of his actors. Examples of bodily incision and bruising proliferate throughout the film, part of a process of violent characterization imposed by an authoring demiurge. The film explores several methods of escape from this process, starting with exotic travel and fairy tales, but culminates around repeated allusions to the crucifixion of Christ. The film advances a heretical Christology by positing God as a sadistic author and the wounded body of Christ as the paradigmatic example of being inscribed as a character against one’s will. As this characterization obviously engenders being inscribed in a narrative as well, the structure of the film probes at the notion of both Christianity and narrative cinema as means of escape.
The Long Journey of Pollen Tube in the Pistil
Authors: Zheng Yang-Yang , Lin Xian-Ju , Liang Hui-Min , Wang Fang-Fei , Chen Li-Yu
Published: November 2018

In non-cleistogamous plants, the male gametophyte, the pollen grain is immotile and exploits various agents, such as pollinators, wind, and even water, to arrive to a receptive stigma. The complex process of pollination involves a tubular structure, i.e., the pollen tube, which delivers the two sperm cells to the female gametophyte to enable double fertilization. The pollen tube has to penetrate the stigma, grow in the style tissues, pass through the septum, grow along the funiculus, and navigate to the micropyle of the ovule. It is a long journey for the pollen tube and its two sperm cells before they meet the female gametophyte, and it requires very accurate regulation to perform successful fertilization. In this review, we update the knowledge of molecular dialogues of pollen-pistil interaction, especially the progress of pollen tube activation and guidance, and give perspectives for future research.
Better Resolution of High-Spin Cobalt Hyperfine at Low Frequency: Co-Doped Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 as a Model Complex
Authors: Antholine William E. , Zhang Shengke , Gonzales Justin , Newman Nathan
Published: November 2018

Low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to extract the EPR parameter A-mid and support the approximate X-band value of g-mid for Ba(CoyZn1/3−yTa2/3)O3. Although the cobalt hyperfine structure for the |±1/2⟩ state is often unresolved at X-band or S-band, it is resolved in measurements on this compound. This allows for detailed analysis of the molecular orbital for the |±1/2⟩ state, which is often the ground state. Moreover, this work shows that the EPR parameters for Co substituted into Zn compounds give important insight into the properties of zinc binding sites.
The Prognostic Value of the Combination of Low VEGFR-1 and High VEGFR-2 Expression in Endothelial Cells of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: D’Haene Nicky , Koopmansch Caroline , Van Eycke Yves-Rémi , Hulet Françoise , Allard Justine , Bouri Sarah , Rorive Sandrine , Remmelink Myriam , Decaestecker Christine , Maris Calliope , Salmon Isabelle
Published: November 2018

Research on tumor angiogenesis has mainly focused on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and on methods to block its actions. However, reports on VEGF receptor (VEGFR) expression in tumor-associated endothelial cells (ECs) are limited. Thus, we evaluated VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression in ECs of colorectal cancer (CRC) using immunohistochemistry. VEGF, VEGFR-1 and -2 expression in ECs was quantitatively evaluated by digital image analysis in a retrospective series of 204 tumor tissue samples and related to clinical variables. The data show that the VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression in ECs is heterogeneous. Multivariate analysis including a set of clinicopathological variables reveals that high EC VEGFR-1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS). The combination of low VEGFR-1 and high VEGFR-2 expression in ECs outperforms models integrating VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 as separate markers. Indeed, this VEGFR-1_VEGFR-2 combination is an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.012) and metastasis-free survival (p = 0.007). In conclusion, this work illustrates the importance of studying the distribution of VEGF members in ECs of CRC. Interestingly, our preliminary data suggest that high VEGFR-1 and low VEGFR-2 expression in ECs appear to be involved in the progression of CRC, suggesting that targeting EC VEGFR-1 could offer novel opportunities for CRC treatment. However, a prospective validation study is needed.
Dual-Emission Fluorescent Microspheres for the Detection of Biothiols and Hg2+
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Zhang Hao , Guan Ruifang
Published: November 2018

Dual-emission nanosensor for Hg2+ detection was prepared by coupling CA-AEAPMS on the surface of RBS-doped modified silica microspheres. The CA-AEAPMS was synthesized by using N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl methyldimethoxysilane (AEAPMS) and citric acid as the main raw material. The obtained nanosensor showed characteristic fluorescence emissions of Rhodamine B (red) and CA-AEAPMS (blue) under a single excitation wavelength (360 nm). Upon binding to Hg2+, only the fluorescence of CA-AEAPMS was quenched, resulting in the ratiometric fluorescence response of the dual-emission silica microspheres. This ratiometric nanosensor exhibited good selectivity to Hg2+ over other metal ions, because of the amide groups on the surface of CA-AEAPMS serving as the Hg2+ recognition sites. The ratio of F450/F580 linearly decreased with the increasing of Hg2+ concentration in the range of 0 to 3 × 10−6 M, and a detection limit was as low as 97 nM was achieved. Then, the addition of three thiol-containing amino acids (Cys, Hcy, GSH) to the quenched fluorescence solution with Hg2+ can restore the fluorescence, and the detection limits of the three biothiols (Cys, Hcy, GSH) are 0.133 μM, 0.086 μM, and 0.123 μM, respectively.
Applied Mathematical Modelling of Continuous Casting Processes: A Review
Authors: Vynnycky Michael
Published: November 2018

With readily available and ever-increasing computational resources, the modelling of continuous casting processes—mainly for steel, but also for copper and aluminium alloys—has predominantly focused on large-scale numerical simulation. Whilst there is certainly a need for this type of modelling, this paper highlights an alternative approach more grounded in applied mathematics, which lies between overly simplified analytical models and multi-dimensional simulations. In this approach, the governing equations are nondimensionalized and systematically simplified to obtain a formulation which is numerically much cheaper to compute, yet does not sacrifice any of the physics that was present in the original problem; in addition, the results should agree also quantitatively with those of the original model. This approach is well-suited to the modelling of continuous casting processes, which often involve the interaction of complex multiphysics. Recent examples involving mould taper, oscillation-mark formation, solidification shrinkage-induced macrosegregation and electromagnetic stirring are considered, as are the possibilities for the modelling of exudation, columnar-to-equiaxed transition, V-segregation, centreline porosity and mechanical soft reduction.