bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual Diagnosis and Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Klement Mitchell R. , Nickel Brian T. , Bala Abiram , Penrose Colin T. , Green Cynthia L. , Wellman Samuel S. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Seyler Thorsten M.
Published: February 2018

The co-occurrence of a mental illness and a substance abuse disorder (SUD) is common and has been referred to as a “dual diagnosis” (DD). Although studies have independently investigated mental illness alone and SUD alone, few have examined the effects of these entities combined on complications. A search of the Medicare database from 2005 to 2012 identified 2000 DD patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA). They were compared with 86,976 patients with mental illness only and 590,689 controls (no mental illness or SUD). Medical comorbidities and postoperative complications at 30-day, 90-day, and minimum 2-year time points were analyzed. There was a significant increase (
P
<.001) in 7 (53.8%) of 13 recorded postoperative medical complications, including acute renal failure (odds ratio [OR], 1.78), postoperative anemia (OR, 1.31), and blood transfusion (OR, 1.24), at the 90-day time point. In addition, there was a statistically significant increase overall in periprosthetic infection (periprosthetic joint infection OR, 4.30;
P
<.001), periprosthetic fracture (OR, 2.80;
P
<.001), dislocation (OR, 6.38;
P
<.001), and the need for THA revision (OR, 3.58;
P
<.001). When compared with patients with mental illness only, DD patients remained at significantly (
P
<.001) increased risk for 90-day and overall postoperative surgical complications, including dislocation, periprosthetic joint infection, and THA revision. Patients with a DD were at significant risk for perioperative complications compared with both control patients and patients with mental illness only. Studies investigating only psychiatric disease or only SUD may miss a vulnerable cohort. Further investigation is needed to exactly define to what extent DD amplifies complication rates. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(3):e321–e327.]
Custom Triflange Acetabular Components for Large Acetabular Defects: Minimum 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Moore K. David , McClenny Michelle D. , Wills Bradley W.
Published: February 2018

Compromise of bony support presents a difficult problem in acetabular revision surgery. Although various methods have been proposed to cope with this problem, they have had variable results and little long-term follow-up. The authors reviewed the results of 37 patients undergoing custom triflange revision surgery. Two patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 35 patients with minimum 10-year clinical and radiographic follow-up. Thirty-two (91%) of 35 components were unrevised and functioning well at minimum 10-year follow-up. One component placed for pelvic discontinuity loosened at 12 years after surgery but was converted to a conventional total hip. One component had failure of 3 ischial screws at 6 months; however, at 11 years, the patient had no additional clinical or radiographic evidence of loosening. The average Harris hip score was 28 preoperatively and 90 postoperatively. Two components (6%) were removed for infection. There were no dislocations, fractures, or nerve injuries. Revision of large acetabular defects with a custom triflange component resulted in reliably good to excellent results at minimum 10-year follow-up. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(3):e316–e320.]
In Vitro Screening of the Antibacterial and Anti-
Candida
Properties of Crushed Nonantimicrobial Drugs Frequently Prescribed in Nursing Homes
Authors: Lamure Julie , Chevalier Marlène , Rathelot Pascal , Mignolet Françoise , Precheur Isabelle
Published: February 2018

Frail older adults often experience swallowing disorders, prompting nursing staff to crush tablets, open capsules, and mix drugs into their meals or gelled water. However, crushing drugs can lead to pharmacological and gustatory problems. As crushed drugs can stay in prolonged contact with oral microbial biofilm, the current study aimed to investigate their antimicrobial properties. Crushed drugs were diluted in 1 mL of isotonic water and assayed in vitro for: (a) growth inhibition of five bacterial strains and
Candida albicans
by the diffusion method; (b) inhibition of
Streptococcus salivarius
and
C. albicans
biofilm formation; and (c) elimination of a preformed biofilm of
S. salivarius
and
C. albicans
after 5-minute contact. Eight of 29 crushed drugs inhibited bacterial and/or fungal growth on agar plates. Twenty-eight of 29 crushed drugs reduced the total biomass when incubated with
S. salivarius
, and 28 of 29 crushed drugs inhibited
C. albicans
biofilm formation. Preformed biomass was reduced by ≥25% by seven of 29 drugs. Crushed drugs may unbalance oral ecosystems and contribute to oral inflammation.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2018; 11(2):82–90.]
Trendi pretokov rek v slovenskih Alpah med letoma 1961 in 2010 // River discharge trends in Slovenian Alps between 1961 and 2010
Authors: Hrvatin Mauro , Zorn Matija
Published: February 2018

V prispevku obravnavamo trende letnih pretokov rek, ki imajo povirja v slovenskem visokogorju. Obravnavane so reke: Soča, Koritnica, Tolminka, Mostnica, Sava Bohinjka, Sava Dolinka, Radovna, Tržiška Bistrica, Kokra, Kamniška Bistrica, Savinja in Meža. Pretoki so v največji meri posledica podnebnega dogajanja, zato spremembe trendov pretokov povezujemo s podnebnimi spremembami. Te se kažejo v manjši letni količini padavin ter rasti povprečne letne temperature. Ne smemo pa pri spremenljivosti vodnih razmer pozabiti na človeka, ki lahko s spremembami rabe tal močno vpliva na površinski odtok padavin. Rezultati kažejo, da povprečni srednji letni pretoki na vseh obravnavanih rekah podajo, pri večini rek pa padajo tudi absolutni minimalni in absolutni maksimalni pretoki. Poleg tega beležimo spremembe v pretočnih režimih, pri katerih postajata spomladanski (glavni) in jesenski (drugotni) pretočni višek vse bolj izenačena, zimski (glavni) in poletni (drugotni) pretočni nižek pa vse bolj izrazita. V prispevku obravnavamo trende letnih pretokov rek, ki imajo povirja v slovenskem visokogorju. Obravnavane so reke: Soča, Koritnica, Tolminka, Mostnica, Sava Bohinjka, Sava Dolinka, Radovna, Tržiška Bistrica, Kokra, Kamniška Bistrica, Savinja in Meža. Pretoki so v največji meri posledica podnebnega dogajanja, zato spremembe trendov pretokov povezujemo s podnebnimi spremembami. Te se kažejo v manjši letni količini padavin ter rasti povprečne letne temperature. Ne smemo pa pri spremenljivosti vodnih razmer pozabiti na človeka, ki lahko s premembami rabe tal močno vpliva na površinski odtok padavin. Rezultati kažejo, da povprečni srednji letni pretoki na vseh obravnavanih rekah podajo, pri večini rek pa padajo tudi absolutni minimalni in absolutni maksimalni pretoki. Poleg tega beležimo spremembe v pretočnih režimih, pri katerih postajata spomladanski (glavni) in jesenski (drugotni) pretočni višek vse bolj izenačena, zimski (glavni) in poletni (drugotni) pretočni nižek pa vse bolj izrazita.
Empowering Leadership and Employee Performance
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Lei SHEN , Jie Zheng Shi , Rahman Mohammad Anisur
Published: February 2018

This article seeks to investigate the mediating effect of thriving at work between perceived empowering leadership behavior and employee performance. The proposed hypotheses were tested with structure equation modeling (SEM) techniques via AMOS 21. The data was collected from the employees of the Big Four bank branches in Shanghai; thus, future research is encouraged to collect data from different respondents and sectors. The results of this study indicated that empowering leadership behavior plays a vital role in employees thriving at work and thus, in turn, influenced their performances. Also, employee thriving at work mediates the relationship of empowering leadership and employee performance. The findings, however, suggested that organization should empower their employees to enhance their thriving attitude towards work and help to improve performance outcomes. The present study was one of the few attempts that has revealed the mediating effects of employees thriving at work between perceived empowerment behavior and employee performance.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan - Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes Hydrogels
Authors: Montazeri Arash , Karjibani Mojdeh
Published: February 2018

In the present article, the authors have prepared nanocomposites based on chitosan (CS) and double walled carbon nanotubes (functionalized with carboxyl groups (DWCNT-COOH) and un treated DWCNT) by casting the stable mixture in a mold. Different concentrations of DWCNT were used in the preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels. These differently concentrated DWCNT hydrogels were chemically characterized using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermal analysis and calorimetry (TGA). The dispersion of the carbon nanotubes were observed in the chitosan matrix by SEM. The addition of DWCNT in the composite hydrogel significantly reduced the water uptake ability. However, the water uptake ability of the CS/DWCNT-COOH nanocomposite has been better than the CS/ DWCNT. Also, dispersion of functionalized DWCNT in the chitosan matrix, was increased the thermal stability of hydrogels.
Benefits of Probabilistic Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction Analysis
Authors: Harichane Zamila , Guellil Mohamed Elhebib , Gadouri Hamid
Published: February 2018

The present article highlights the beneficial effect of considering soil and structure parameters uncertainties on the soil-structure response. The impedance functions of a circular foundation resting on a random soil layer over a homogeneous half-space were obtained by using cone models. The obtained results showed that the randomness of the layer's thickness and the shear wave velocity significantly affected the mean spring coefficients whereby coefficients of variation (COV) of 10% and 20% in these parameters reduced the mean spring coefficients about 32% and 40%, respectively, for the horizontal motion and about 12.5% and 25%, respectively, for the rocking motion. The sensitivity of the mean structural response to the randomness effect was obtained to be more pronounced to structural parameters than to soil parameters. In addition, 20% COV in both soil and structure parameters reduced the mean structural response about 39%, translated by an increase in the damping of the coupled system which may be considered as a beneficial effect from code provisions point of view.
Internet of Things
Authors: Birje Mahantesh N. , Kumbi Arun A. , Sutagundar Ashok V.
Published: February 2018

This article describes how the Internet of Things (IoT) enables interaction and integration of real world things or objects—such as cars, electronic devices, homes, etc.—using various inter-operable communication protocols. This leads to a digital society of billions of devices that can sense, process, share, track, shop, chat and work in cooperative manner. There exist many challenges in the realization of IoT based distributed systems. This article intends to introduce various aspects of IoT such as views/visions, Architecture and protocols of IoT, communication technology, general requirements and various application domains. This article intends to disseminate the state-of-the-art multi-fold information on IoT to researchers, academicians, and student community.
Developing Employability Skills in Information System Graduates
Authors: Osmani Mohamad , Hindi Nitham M. , Weerakkody Vishanth
Published: February 2018

It is widely acknowledged that traditional teaching methods such as lectures, textbooks and case study techniques on their own are not adequate to improving the most in-demand employability skills for graduates. The aim of this article is to explore the potential impact that novel learning and teaching methods can have on improving the employability skills of Management Information System (MIS) graduates. To do so, the article reports the results of an experiment that was conducted with MIS students at the Faculty of Business and Economics in Qatar University, that combined lectures, case study-based workshops, flipped classrooms, presentations, problem-based learning and collaborative learning. The findings of this experiment suggest that known methods of classroom-based learning and teaching used for MIS graduates are failing to develop important graduate skills such as, critical thinking, time management and how to conduct research when faced with challenging problems.
Novel Adaptive Exon Predictor for DNA Analysis Using Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Putluri Srinivasareddy , Fathima Shaik Yasmin
Published: February 2018

This article describes how a realistic prediction of the exon regions in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a key task in the field of genomics. Learning of the protein coding regions is a key aspect of disease identification and designing drugs. These sections of DNA are known as exons, that show three base periodicity (TBP) which serves as a base for all exon locating methods. Many techniques have been applied successfully, but development is still needed in this area. We develop a novel adaptive exon predictor (AEP) using singular value decomposition (SVD) which notably reduces computational complexity and provides better performance in terms of accuracy. Finally, the exon locating capability of proposed SVD based AEP is tested using a real DNA sequence with accession AF099922, obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and compared with the existing LMS methods. It was shown that proposed AEP is more efficient for locating the exon regions in a DNA sequence.
Course Design and Project Evaluation of a Network Management Course Implemented in On-Campus and Online Classes
Authors: Chou Te-Shun
Published: February 2018

This article describes a course framework designed for a network management course in information computer technology education. A combination of four learning techniques was used as the pedagogical method: lecture-based learning, lab-based learning, inquiry-based learning, and project-based learning. The article also discusses in detail the project implemented in the course. A formal evaluation of the project has been carried out for both on-campus and online students. It demonstrated that the project achieved a successful outcome and was a highly effective learning experience for the students.
Reducing the Risk of Wrong Choice in Group Decision Making by Optimal Weight Allocating to Decision Makers
Authors: Azadfallah Mohammad
Published: February 2018

How to determine a weight for decision makers (DMs) is one of the key issues in Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making (MAGDM). While, some experts (or DMs) clearly wiser and more powerful in such matters than others, it has often seen that experts play their roles with same weights of importance. Meanwhile, it will lead to the wrong choice (or decision risk) and loss of values. Since, in the absence of any other standards about how to reduce this potential risk for bias, in this article, based on judgment matrices and error analysis, the author presents two new algorithm taken from crisp (the correlation-based approach) and interval (the ideal-based approach) TOPSIS method, respectively. Finally, two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the feasibility of the developed method.
Beyond Micro-Tasks
Authors: Lukyanenko Roman , Parsons Jeffrey
Published: February 2018

The emergence of crowdsourcing as an important mode of information production has attracted increasing research attention. In this article, the authors review crowdsourcing research in the data management field. Most research in this domain can be termed tasked-based, focusing on micro-tasks that exploit scale and redundancy in crowds. The authors' review points to another important type of crowdsourcing – which they term observational – that can expand the scope of extant crowdsourcing data management research. Observational crowdsourcing consists of projects that harness human sensory ability to support long-term data acquisition. The authors consider the challenges in this domain, review approaches to data management for crowdsourcing, and suggest directions for future research that bridges the gaps between the two research streams.
The Global Digital Divide
Authors: Cruz-Jesus Frederico , Oliveira Tiago , Bacao Fernando
Published: February 2018

This article presents an analysis of the global digital divide, based on data collected from 45 countries, including the ones belonging to the European Union, OECD, Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC). The analysis shows that one factor can explain a large part of the variation in the seven ICT variables used to measure the digital development of countries. This measure is then used with additional variables, which are hypothesised as drivers of the divide for a regression analysis using data from 2015, 2013, and 2011, which reveals economic and educational imbalances between countries, along with some aspects of geography, as drivers of the digital divide. Contrary to the authors' expectations, the English language is not a driver.
The Role of Functional Diversity, Collective Team Identification, and Task Cohesion in Influencing Innovation Speed
Authors: Chen Jin , Lim Wei Yang , Tan Bernard C.Y. , Ling Hong
Published: February 2018

This article opens up the black box of innovation and examines the relationship between functional diversity in software teams and the often neglected dimension of innovation – speed, over the two phases of innovation: creativity and idea implementation. By combining information processing view and social identity theory, the authors hypothesize that when collective team identification is low, functional diversity positively affects the time spent in the creativity phase; however, when collective team identification is high, this relationship is inverted U-shaped. When task cohesion is high, functional diversity negatively affects the time spent in the idea implementation phase; however, when task cohesion is low, this relationship is U-shaped. Results from 96 IT software-teams confirmed the authors' hypotheses. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Smart Materials - Theory and Applications
Authors: Araújo Mota C.A. , Araújo C.J. , Barbosa de Lima A.G. , Freire de Andrade Tony Herbert , Silveira Lira D.
Published: February 2018

Smart materials are a class of materials characterized by having a different behavior due to external stimulation, which can be mechanic, thermal, electric, or magnetic. This chapter approaches the different types of smart materials and their classification according to the material’s nature (fluid, ceramic, polymeric and metallic). Emphasis is given to the theoretical study of the metallic materials with shape memory, presenting the fundamentals, crystallographic study and the mathematical methods of phase transformation. Due to these metallic material’s unique features, shape memory effect and super elasticity, the usage in the production of composite structures has gained space. Such materials present several advantages if compared to traditional composites being subject of research for several industrial applications
The PI3Kδ-Selective Inhibitor Idelalisib Minimally Interferes with Immune Effector Function Mediated by Rituximab or Obinutuzumab and Significantly Augments B Cell Depletion In Vivo
Authors: Palazzo Adam , Herter Sylvia , Grosmaire Laura , Jones Randy , Frey Christian R. , Limani Florian , Bacac Marina , Umana Pablo , Oldham Robert J. , Marshall Michael J. E. , Cox Kerry L. , Turaj Anna H. , Cragg Mark S. , Klein Christian , Carter Matthew J. , Tannheimer Stacey
Published: February 2018

Idelalisib is a highly selective oral inhibitor of PI3Kδ indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia in combination with rituximab. Despite additive clinical effects, previous studies have paradoxically demonstrated that targeted therapies potentially negatively affect anti-CD20 mAb effector mechanisms. To address these potential effects, we investigated the impact of PI3Kδ inhibition by idelalisib on the effector mechanisms of rituximab and obinutuzumab. At clinically relevant concentrations, idelalisib minimally influenced rituximab- and obinutuzumab-mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis on human lymphoma cell lines, while maintaining the superiority of obinutuzumab-mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, idelalisib did not influence obinutuzumab-mediated B cell depletion in whole-blood B cell–depletion assays. Further, idelalisib significantly enhanced obinutuzumab-mediated direct cell death of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. In murine systems, in vivo inhibition of PI3Kδ minimally interfered with maximal rituximab- or obinutuzumab-mediated depletion of leukemic targets. In addition, the duration of rituximab- and obinutuzumab-mediated depletion of leukemia cells was extended by combination with PI3Kδ inhibition. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PI3Kδ inhibition does not significantly affect the effector mechanisms induced by rituximab or obinutuzumab and provides an effective in vivo therapeutic combination. Therefore, combinations of obinutuzumab and idelalisib are currently being assessed in clinical studies.
IL-12+IL-18 Cosignaling in Human Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells Activates Cathelicidin and Autophagy, Inhibiting Intracellular Mycobacterial Growth
Authors: Yang Rui , Yang Enzhuo , Shen Ling , Modlin Robert L. , Shen Hongbo , Chen Zheng W.
Published: February 2018

The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to block host antimicrobial responses in infected cells provides a key mechanism for disease pathogenesis. The immune system has evolved to overcome this blockade to restrict the infection, but it is not clear whether two key innate cytokines (IL-12/IL-18) involved in host defense can enhance antimycobacterial mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that the combination of IL-12 and IL-18 triggered an antimicrobial response against mycobacteria in infected macrophages (THP-1 and human primary monocyte-derived macrophages) and pulmonary epithelial A549 cells. The inhibition of intracellular bacterial growth required p38–MAPK and STAT4 pathways, the vitamin D receptor, the vitamin D receptor–derived antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, and autophagy, but not caspase-mediated apoptosis. Finally, the ability of IL-12+IL-18 to activate an innate antimicrobial response in human primary macrophages was dependent on the autonomous production of IFN-γ and the CAMP/autophagy pathway. Together, these data suggest that IL-12+IL-18 cosignaling can trigger the antimicrobial protein cathelicidin and autophagy, resulting in inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria in macrophages and lung epithelial cells.
Elevated Expression of IL-33 and TSLP in the Airways of Human Asthmatics In Vivo: A Potential Biomarker of Severe Refractory Disease
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Wei , Lv Zhe , Li Yun , Chen Yan , Huang Kewu , Corrigan Chris J. , Ying Sun
Published: February 2018

The epithelial cytokines IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis because they promote Th2-type cytokine synthesis, but their expression is relatively poorly documented in “real-life” human asthma. Using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), we measured airway concentrations of these mediators and compared them with those of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines, airway infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils, and lung function in a large group of asthmatic patients with a range of disease severity (n = 70) and control subjects (n = 30). The median BALF concentrations of IL-33, TSLP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-12p70, but not IL-25, IL-2, or IFN-γ, were significantly elevated in asthmatics compared with controls (p < 0.05). The concentrations of IL-33 and TSLP, but not IL-25, correlated inversely with the lung function (forced expiratory volume in the first second) of asthmatics (IL-33: r = −0.488, p < 0.0001; TSLP: r = −0.565, p < 0.0001) independently of corticosteroid therapy. When divided according to disease severity and corticosteroid therapy, all subgroups of asthmatics had elevated median numbers of eosinophils in BALF, whereas the patients with more severe disease who were treated with corticosteroids had higher numbers of neutrophils compared with milder asthmatics not so treated and control subjects (p < 0.05). The data implicate TSLP and IL-33 in the pathogenesis of asthma that is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and impaired lung function despite intensive corticosteroid therapy, highlighting them as potential molecular targets.
Bottoms up: developing a new bedrock surface for the Niagara Peninsula
Authors: Burt A K , Biswas S , Rainsford D , Dietiker B , Pugin A , Crow H
Published: February 2018

The Niagara Peninsula three-dimensional (3-D) sediment mapping project was initiated in 2013 with the primary goal of constructing a model of regional-scale Quaternary deposits that form both regional and local aquifers and aquitards between Port Dover in the
southwest, the Regional Municipality of Waterloo in the northwest and the Niagara River in the east. To date, the primary focus of the project has been on data acquisition.
Five shallow, high-resolution seismic reflection lines, ranging from 4.5 to 21.5 km in length, were acquired by the Geological Survey of Canada's (GSC) Near Surface Geophysics Section to determine whether multiple thalwegs exist within the buried Erigan channel, to delineate the lateral extent and
geometry of gravel beds observed during drilling and to provide insight into late-glacial moraine systems. Downhole geophysical logging was conducted in monitoring wells to investigate chemical and physical properties of the sediments, and to verify the conversion of seismic reflection time sections
to depths..
A 6828 station ground gravity survey was conducted along selected roads and highways at a nominal spacing of 100 m. The calculated gravity residuals were used to identify buried-bedrock valleys and guide subsequent drilling. The survey was effective in identifying deeply incised valleys, such as St.
Davids and the northern end of the Erigan, but less definitive where valleys broaden and the deep regional and shallow residual components of the gravity are not as easily separated.
A total of 99 continuously cored boreholes with a combined length of 3192 m, 29 of which have been converted into monitoring wells, have been drilled for this project. The borehole data is augmented by 130 exposures, soil probe and hand-auger cores and extensive legacy datasets (water well records,
oil and gas records, geotechnical records, published geological reports and archived field notes).
A key first step in the 3-D modelling process is to generate a high-quality bedrock topographic surface that forms the foundation layer for the overlying sediment model. The surface is interpolated using Datamine Studio software after manually digitizing 3-D points identifying the top of rock onto
the new and legacy borehole traces. Additional points were digitized adjacent to, or below, the borehole traces in order to refine the geometry of the surface and reduce potential effects of clustered data points. By modelling the gravity results using representative density values for the
Quaternary and bedrock layers, and integrating with interpretations from seismic studies in the area, it is possible to further constrain the shape of the bedrock surface.
The resulting surface shows southward-dipping bedrock separated by the prominent features of the Niagara and Onondaga escarpments. Deep and narrow re-entrant valleys bisect the resistant escarpments, becoming wider where they cross softer formations.
Using Oil, Gas and Salt Resources Library well data in groundwater research
Authors: Clark J , Dupont M , Somers M , Sutherland L
Published: February 2018

Providing safe drinking water to all Ontarians is increasingly the focus of new regulation and initiatives. Models and studies require high-quality data sources or expensive data collection efforts. Data archived at the Oil, Gas and Salt Resources Library (OGSR
Library) represents one possible source of data in groundwater modelling. The OGSR Library dataset has geological and hydrological data for depths in the subsurface that are not intercepted by water and geotechnical borings. This data can be used to create models that extend our knowledge and
protection of groundwater deeper into the subsurface.
The OGSR Library is a data archive and geoscience research centre focusing on the data associated with wells drilled under the Oil, Gas, and Salt Resources Act (OGSRA). This data includes files on 26,720 wells (40 Brine, 12,192 Gas Wells, 993 Private Gas Wells, 5,368 Oil Wells, 447 Storage Wells,
207 Solution Mining Wells, 412 Injection and Disposal Wells, 7,061 Other Types). Geophysical logs for 20,430 wells are available, drill cutting samples from 10,887 wells and core samples from 1,110 wells. Geological formation top picks have been recorded for 289,600 contacts, with ~33,861 of
these contacts reviewed by QA/QC geologists at the OGSR Library. In addition to these data a huge effort has been undertaken to complete quality assessment and quality control (QA/QC) on the original data from drillers.
In addition to geological and geophysical information there are 35,006 water contact records in the Library database. This data is collected through OGSRA well drilling where the reporting requires details about water interval depths, type, and static level. Detailed water analyses and chemistry are
available on 1,023 of the water zones. There can be multiple water records for a single well depending on the number of water intervals encountered during drilling. This allows potential aquifers to be located and mapped for different water types. The use of this data has the capability of greatly
improving our understanding of subsurface water at greater depths than other datasets. All detailed well record information can be accessed from the OGSR Library databases with a membership.
A regional 3D geological model of the Paleozoic bedrock of southern Ontario is in its third year of development. This project is a collaboration by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), Ontario Geological Survey (OGS), Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) and the OGSR Library.
The next steps of this project will use the modelled formation layers generated from OGSR Library data to create a hydrostratigraphic model of Southern Ontario. This model represents one application of OGSRA well data to protecting groundwater, many others opportunities are
possible.
The use of wide spectrum groundwater geochemistry in regional groundwater mapping in Ontario
Authors: Hamilton S M
Published: February 2018

Groundwater geochemistry is increasingly being recognized as a valuable tool in regional characterization of aquifer systems. In support of such investigations, the OGS has developed and maintains the Ambient Groundwater Geochemistry (AGG) database, which
characterizes groundwater across a wide spectrum of chemical and isotopic parameters at near-uniform regional sample coverage. The original stated objective of the program was to determine the chemical composition of groundwater in Ontario's major rock and overburden aquifers to understand the
relationship between water chemistry and aquifer chemistry. However, it was recognized from the outset that the database would have additional uses, and this has proven to be the case many times over. Since 2007, data from the AGG program has formed the basis of 15 separate OGS-supported regional
studies on groundwater mapping-related themes. Many of these have been graduate theses and most include regional characterization and mapping of phenomena such as: (1) shale gas occurrence, (2) breathing wells, (3) buried karst, (4) natural contaminants in groundwater (arsenic, fluoride, iodine,
methane, hydrogen sulphide, etc.), (5) the chemical effects of buried valleys and marine sediments in eastern Ontario, and (6) tritium fallout patterns in southern Ontario. The regional effects of various anthropogenic influences on groundwater chemistry have also been noted including the chemical
effects of overpumping of aquifers, legacy gas wells, road salt application, and septic and agricultural influences.
The data have been publically accessible since 2011 and we are aware that it has also been put to use in many independent studies by researchers in private industry, academia and government. As with other OGS products such as geological maps, the AGG database is available for use by any public
stakeholder and is likely to remain a valuable public asset into the foreseeable future.
Newmarket Till aquitard: optimum grain packing with a pore-filling calcite-rich cement
Authors: Kjarsgaard B A , Sharpe D R , Knight R
D , Stepner D , Russell H A J
Published: February 2018

Newmarket Till is a stony, sandy (38%) silty (~47%) diamicton, which is of variable thickness (~1 - 69 m) and of widespread distribution in Southern Ontario. The Newmarket Till has unusually high densities
(2.2 - 2.4 g/cm3); elevated seismic velocities (Vp ~2600 m/s) determined by downhole geophysical studies are characteristic and the Till can be traced across the region as a seismostratigraphic marker. As the Till is highly indurated and has low permeability, it forms a regional aquitard that
confines underlying aquifers, and is also a basal aquitard for overlying aquifers (e.g. Oak Ridges Moraine). Given the high sand content of this diamicton, the low permeability and indurated nature is surprising, and could be resultant from over-consolidation due to glacial loading, presence of a
secondary cement, or both processes.
Recent observations from drill core and surficial sampling transects illustrate that Newmarket Till is not always cemented, but the observation of residual cement on pebbles indicates it was potentially formerly cemented. Our new studies indicate that the matrix of the Dummer moraine (adjacent to
and south of the Shield - Paleozoic boundary and to the north of the Newmarket Till) is mineralogically and geochemically equivalent to Newmarket Till, and we thus suggest the Dummer Moraine is a very stone- to boulder-rich equivalent of the Newmarket Till. The matrix mineral assemblage of the Till
(in decreasing abundance) is quartz, calcite, K-feldspar, plagioclase, dolomite, amphibole and clinopyroxene; these grains are comminuted and range in size from ~2000 ?m to ~2 ?m, leading to optimum packing, and potentially over-consolidation. The intra-grain matrix is exceptionally fine
(<1 ?m, typically 0.25 - 0.50 ?m) and not resolvable by optical methods. Higher resolution SEM and FE-SEM backscattered electron and secondary electron images of the intra-grain matrix reveals a complex pore filling cement. The minerals comprising the secondary cement are a challenge to
analyze due to their very fine grain size and composition. Semi-quantitative EDS analyses indicate a calcite (CaCO3) cement with minor phyllosilicates, as confirmed by XRD on the clay-silt and clay fractions. The calcite cements the silt- to sand-sized mineral grains and larger clasts, and result in
the Newmarket Till being highly indurated and of low permeability. The timing and process of the initial cementation event is currently being evaluated; we also note that in the vadose zone the Till becomes uncemented (i.e. the original calcite cement dissolves out).
Enhancing flood and drought forecasting tools in the South Nation River Watershed
Authors: Melaney M , Frey S
Published: February 2018

With climate change, managing the variability in changing watershed conditions, from floods to droughts, is a challenge. Having the necessary information, in a timely manner, is critical for proper planning and implementing mitigating measures.
South Nation Conservation's (SNC) recent project with IBM and Aquanty, the development of a data-assimilation and hydrological simulation platform, aims to improve short term (1 - 14 d) forecasting of flooding and droughts. The project will construct a real-time hydrologic model for South Nation
Watershed. This fully integrated 3-dimensional groundwater - surface water model is dynamically coupled to state-of-the-art high resolution (4000 m) short-term weather forecasts (provided by IBM's Weather Company) and real-time field sensors throughout the Watershed.
The model will enhance SNC's Flood Forecasting and Warning and Low Water Response programs with more accurate forecasts; utilizing over 200 local weather data points (compared to the previous 3 Environment Canada stations) to capture the diversity of weather patterns across the Watershed. The new
real-time sensors to collect precipitation (rain and snow) and soil moisture will allow the model to better predict how forecasted weather events will impact watershed conditions. For example, is a significant rainfall event more likely to runoff into nearby watercourses or soak into the ground.
Beyond its direct application to the South Nation Watershed, this project will provide a proof-of-concept demonstration of how the latest in weather forecasting and hydrologic modelling technologies can support water resources management under increasingly variable climate/weather conditions. It is
anticipated that this project will provide far-reaching benefit to SNC, local producers, municipalities, and rural landowners throughout the region
This project was made possible with funding support from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Groundwater resource management in the Grand River Watershed: community engagement and making the most of our water budget tools
Authors: Strynatka S
Published: February 2018

Over the past decade, four Tier 3 water budget studies have been initiated within the Grand River Watershed through the provincial Source Protection Program. Study areas include the Region of Waterloo, City of Guelph and Township of Guelph/Eramosa
(Guelph-Guelph/Eramosa Tier 3), Whitemans Creek subwatershed, and most recently the Township of Centre Wellington. The goal of each Tier 3 study has been to evaluate the long term sustainability of the municipalities' aquifers. In each study, numerical groundwater flow models have been developed and
applied to assess how water levels in municipal wells will change under various current and future conditions such as changes in land use development, current and future increases in municipal water takings, and long term drought conditions.
In addition to the Tier 3 objectives outlined above, each of the four Tier 3 studies have been leveraged beyond their original purpose to support additional projects, such as the development of municipal Long Term Water Supply Master Plans and climate change adaptation planning.
In the case of the Township of Centre Wellington and Guelph-Guelph/Eramosa Tier 3 studies, a component new to the Tier 3 process has been introduced - early community engagement through the development of community liaison groups. These groups have been implemented to bring engaged residents and
stakeholders into the technical portion of the Tier 3 studies as they develop, and into subsequent water quantity policy development.
This presentation provides an overview of how each of the Tier 3 water budget studies within the Grand River Watershed have provided water budget tools, in the form of groundwater flow models, to municipalities for use beyond the Tier 3 assessment, and the evolvement of the Tier 3 process to include
community engagement.
A Special Case of Completion Invariance for thec2Invariant of a Graph
Authors: Yeats Karen
Published: February 2018

Thec2invariant is an arithmetic graph invariant defined by Schnetz. It is useful for understanding Feynman periods. Brown and Schnetz conjectured that thec2invariant has a particular symmetry known as completion invariance. This paper will prove completion invariance of thec2invariant in the case where we are over the field with 2 elements and the completed graph has an odd number of vertices. The methods involve enumerating certain edge bipartitions of graphs; two different constructions are needed.
Snap-Acceleration Smoke Test Procedure for Heavy-Duty Diesel Powered Vehicles
Authors:   Truck and Bus Powertrain Committee
Published: February 2018

This SAE Recommended Practice applies to vehicle exhaust smoke measurements made using the Snap-Acceleration test procedure. Because this is a non-moving vehicle test, this test can be conducted along the roadside, in a truck depot, a vehicle repair facility, or other test facilities. The test is intended to be used on heavy-duty trucks and buses powered by diesel engines. It is designed to be used in conjunction with smokemeters using the light extinction principle of smoke measurement.

This procedure describes how the snap-acceleration test is to be performed. It also gives specifications for the smokemeter and other test instrumentation and describes the algorithm for the measurement and quantification of the exhaust smoke produced during the test. Included are discussions of factors which influence snap-acceleration test results and methods to correct for these conditions. Unless otherwise noted, these correction methodologies are to be considered an integral part of the snap-acceleration test procedure.
Impact of tropical lower stratospheric cooling on deep convective
activity: (I) Recent trends in tropical circulation
Authors: Kodera Kunihiko , Eguchi Nawo , Ueyama Rei , Kuroda Yuhji , Kobayashi Chiaki
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Large changes in tropical circulation, in particular those related to the summer monsoon and cooling of the sea surface in the equatorial eastern Pacific, were noted from the mid to late 1990s. The cause of such recent decadal variations in the tropics was studied by making use of a meteorological reanalysis dataset. Cooling of the equatorial southeastern Pacific Ocean occurred in association with enhanced cross-equatorial southerlies, which resulted from a strengthening and poleward shift of the rising branch of the boreal summer Hadley circulation connected to the stratospheric Brewer‒Dobson circulation. From boreal summer to winter, the anomalous convective activity centre moves southward following the seasonal march to the equatorial Indian Ocean‒Maritime Continent region, which strengthens the surface easterlies over the equatorial central Pacific. Accordingly, ocean surface cooling extends over the equatorial central Pacific. We suggest that the fundamental factor causing the recent decadal change in the tropical troposphere and the ocean is a poleward shift of the rising branch of the summertime Hadley cell, which can result from a strengthening of extreme deep convection penetrating into the tropical tropopause layer, in particular over the continents of Africa and Asia, and adjacent oceans. We conjecture that this effect is produced by a combination of land surface warming due to increased CO2 and a reduction of static stability in the tropical tropopause layer due to tropical stratospheric cooling.
Characterization of smoke and dust episode over West Africa: comparison of MERRA-2 modeling with multiwavelength Mie–Raman lidar observations
Authors: Veselovskii Igor , Goloub Philippe , Podvin Thierry , Tanre Didier , da Silva Arlindo , Colarco Peter , Castellanos Patricia , Korenskiy Mikhail , Hu Qiaoyun , Whiteman David N. , Pérez-Ramírez Daniel , Augustin Patrick , Fourmentin Marc , Kolgotin Alexei
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Observations of multiwavelength Mie–Raman lidar taken during the SHADOW field campaign are used to analyze a smoke–dust episode over West Africa on 24–27 December 2015. For the case considered, the dust layer extended from the ground up to approximately 2000 m while the elevated smoke layer occurred in the 2500–4000 m range. The profiles of lidar measured backscattering, extinction coefficients, and depolarization ratios are compared with the vertical distribution of aerosol parameters provided by the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). The MERRA-2 model simulated the correct location of the near-surface dust and elevated smoke layers. The values of modeled and observed aerosol extinction coefficients at both 355 and 532 nm are also rather close. In particular, for the episode reported, the mean value of difference between the measured and modeled extinction coefficients at 355 nm is 0.01 km−1 with SD of 0.042 km−1. The model predicts significant concentration of dust particles inside the elevated smoke layer, which is supported by an increased depolarization ratio of 15 % observed in the center of this layer. The modeled at 355 nm the lidar ratio of 65 sr in the near-surface dust layer is close to the observed value (70 ± 10) sr. At 532 nm, however, the simulated lidar ratio (about 40 sr) is lower than measurements (55 ± 8 sr). The results presented demonstrate that the lidar and model data are complimentary and the synergy of observations and models is a key to improve the aerosols characterization.
Monitoring potential ionosphere changes caused by Van earthquake (Mw 7.2) using GNSS measurements
Authors: Peker Selcuk , Inyurt Samed , Mekik Cetin
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Several scientists from different disciplines have studied earthquakes for many years. As a result of these studies, it has been proposed that some changes take place in the ionosphere layer before, during or after earthquakes, and the ionosphere should be monitored in earthquake prediction studies. This study investigates the changes in the ionosphere created by the earthquake with magnitude of Mw=7.2 in the northwest of the Lake Erçek which is located to the north of the province of Van in Turkey on 23 October 2011 and at 1.41 pm local time (−3 UT) with the epicenter of 38.758° N, 43.360° E using the TEC values obtained by the Global Ionosphere Models (GIM) created by IONOLAB-TEC and CODE. In order to see whether the ionospheric changes obtained by the study in question were caused by the earthquake or not, the ionospheric conditions were studied by utilizing indices providing information on solar and geomagnetic activities (F10.7 cm, Kp, Dst). As a result of the statistical test on the TEC values obtained from the both models, positive and negative anomalies were obtained for the times before, on the day of and after the earthquake, and the reasons for these anomalies are discussed in detail in the last section of the study. As the ionospheric conditions in the analyzed days were highly vibrant, it was thought that the anomalies were caused by geomagnetic effects, solar activity and the earthquake. The authors believe that interdisciplinary studies are needed to distinguish the earthquake-related part of the anomalies in question.
Seasonal variability of atmospheric tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: meteor radar data and simulations
Authors: Pokhotelov Dimitry , Becker Erich , Stober Gunter , Chau Jorge L.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Thermal tides play an important role in the global atmospheric dynamics and provide a key mechanism for the forcing of thermosphere/ionosphere dynamics from below. A novel method for extracting tidal contributions, based on the adaptive filtering, is applied to analyse multi-year observations of mesospheric winds from ground-based meteor radars located in Northern Germany and Norway. The observed seasonal variability of tides is compared to simulations with the Kühlungsborn Mechanistic Circulation Model (KMCM). It is demonstrated that the model provides reasonable representation of the tidal amplitudes. The limitations of applying a conventionally coarse resolution model in combination with parametrisation of gravity waves are discussed. The work is aimed towards the development of an ionospheric model driven by the dynamics of the KMCM.