bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Performance Analysis of Solar Tracking System Types at Different Latitudes
Authors: Mircea Neagoe  , Bogdan Burduhos
Published: March 2022

The increase of solar radiation collected by solar energy convertors is a major challenge in design process of photovoltaic or solar-thermal applications. A valuable approach refers to the use of solar tracking systems that support a large range of tracking performance according to their types, solar tracking algorithm or implementation location. The paper focuses on a comparative study, under the assumption of direct solar radiation only, of solar energy receiving share achieved by four tracking system types and various tracking algorithms used at different latitudes from the northern hemisphere. The simulation results showed a close connection of the tracking system type with the latitude, as well as high performance in collecting the solar energy of dual-axis and single-axis diurnal type tracking with optimized unequal steps.
SCAPS Simulation for Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: R. Tala-Ighil Zaïr  , C. Oudjehani  , K. Tighilt
Published: March 2022

Perovskite solar cells are keeping a very high interest in the solar energy world, with an efficiency in constant rise each year. In this study, we designed a tin-based (Hole Transport Material) HTM perovskite solar cell with the novel architecture Au/CH3NH3SnI3/TiO2/ZnO: Al. A simulation has been carried-out by using the SCAPS-1D solar cell capacitance simulator, which is well adapted to study the solar cell behavior. Through the software tool, we have studied the absorber’s layer thickness effect and the model operating temperature by plugging many varied parameters. The encouraging results of: 20.08% conversion efficiency, 32.76mA/cm² short-circuit current density (Jsc), 0.827 V open circuit voltage (Voc), and a fill factor (FF) of 74.06%, are predicted with the obtained optimal parameters.
The results indicate the high aptitude of lead free & HTM perovskite to achieve high efficiency and become a good alternative for the traditional solar cells in the future.
Black Cool Pigments for Urban Heat Island (UHI) Control: from Cr-Hematite to Mn-Melilite
Authors: G. Monrós  , S. Cerro  , J.A. Badenes  , M. Llusar
Published: March 2022

Black cool pigments are very interesting for its application in asphalt urban pavements and building floors for moderate the urban heat island effect (UHI) and improving air conditioning energy efficiency. Cool black pigments based on Cr doped hematite Fe2O3 (trigonal, R-3c), hexagonal perovskites YMnO3 (hexagonal, P63cm) and Sr4CuMn2O9 (trigonal, P321) and melilite Sr2(Mg0.5Mn0.5)Ge2O7 (tetragonal, P-421m) with high NIR reflectance synthesized by ceramic and coprecipitation method, are analyzed and compared from color yield in alkyd paint, ceramic glazes and porcelain stoneware, NIR reflectance, bandgap and photocatalytic activity on Orange II substrate. Sr4CuMn2O9 black powders show the nearest hue h to the reference carbon black and the highest NIR reflectance (51%). All pigments show high NIR reflectance in all tested applications. The Fe1.2Cr0.8O3 pigment shows good behavior in the free ZnO glaze and also in porcelain stoneware, YMnO3 and Sr4CuMn2O9 pigments are compatible with low temperature glazes, but Sr2(Mg0.5Mn0.5)Ge2O7 pigment loses the black color even in low temperature glazes. Sr4CuMn2O9 pigment shows moderate photoactivity on Orange II (t1/2=216 min) and the Fe1.2Cr0.8O3 pigment also shows some activity (t1/2=329 min).
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE I: CLINICAL CASE NEUROFIBROMATOZA TIP I : CAZ CLINIC
Authors:   Spitalul Clinic de Urgență pentru Copii Brașov, Ghitiu Ada-Olivia , Cîrlig Doinița ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgență pentru Copii Brașov, Georgescu Elena ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgență pentru Copii Brașov, Grigore Carmen ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgență pentru Copii Brașov, Pascu Carmen ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgență pentru Copii Brașov, Blaga Renisa ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgență pentru Copii Brașov, Albeanu Adrian ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgență pentru Copii Brașov, Falup-Pecurariu Oana ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgență pentru Copii Brașov Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea Transilvania Brașov
Published: March 2022

Neurofibromatoza 1 (NF1) denumită și boala von Recklinghauseneste un sindrom autozomal dominant, caracterizat de modificări dermatologice specifice ca petele tegumentare de culoarea cafelei cu lapte (numite, obişnuit, pete café-au-lait), efelide axilare (mai rar inghinal şi perineal), tumorile cutanate situate de-a lungul nervilor periferici numite neurofibroame și hamartoamele pigmentate ale irisului sau noduli Lisch. Această afecțiune este cauzată de mutații ale genei NF1 (implicată în sinteza neurofibrominei) pe brațul lung al cromozomului 17. Manifestările bolii sunt variabile de la un bolnav la altul atât ca diversitate cât şi ca severitate. Am dori să vă prezentăm cazul unui sugar în vârstă de o luna, nou diagnosticat cu Neurofibromatoza tip I, care a venit pentru prima dată în serviciul nostru de urgență pentru simptomele unei boli respiratorii și digestive
Mode of action of some bioactive compounds with anticancer activity
Authors: Kayode Abolanle A. A. , Okumede Grace F. , Alabi Great O.
Published: March 2022

Cancer is characterized by the development of cells that are unlike normal cells and they divide rapidly and also corrupt and destroy normal tissues in the body. Cancer cells possess the ability to spread through the body and cause damage. Cancer is caused by the mutation of DNA. The estimate of cancer cases worldwide as of 202 has risen to 19.3 million and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths. Cancer has several meanswith which it sustains its growth. Cancerous action in the body involves unchecked, uncontrolled cell division and metastisis which is characterized by incading of other cells and tissues in the body. This is caused by a series of mutation in the genes of proteins that regulate the cell cycle and some other processes in the cell. These mutations suppress the ability of the cell to stop the cell cycle and promote cell division which causes continuous and uncontrolled division of cells. Bioactive compounds can be derived from plants, animals, or other sources and they have a wide range of biological and functional activities like anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities; with the plant sources widely researched into for anticancer activities. Bioactive compounds have in recent years gained popularity in their role against cancer. This current study aims to review the mechanisms of action of anticancer activity of some of these bioactive compounds. Keywords: anticancer, bioactive compounds, cancer, genistein, mechanism
Spinor Equations of Successor Curves
Authors: ERİŞİR Tülay , KÖSE ÖZTAŞ Hilal
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to give spinor representation of successive curves in three-dimensional Euclidean space. In three dimensional Euclidean Space, the spinor representations of a curve with unit speed and a successor curve with the same arc length parameter as this curve has been studied. For this, first of all, the curve with unit speed and its successor curve have been corresponded to two different spinors. Then, using the relationships between these curves, the relationships between the spinors corresponding to these curves have been given. Therefore, geometric interpretations of these curves and corresponding spinors have been made. In addition, different spinor equations of the mates and derivatives of spinors have been examined and geometric interpretations of these spinor equations have been given. Then, spinor equations have been obtained in case the successive curves are helices. Consequently, two examples have been given.
Growth, bioactive compounds and chemical composition of marine microalga Dunaliella salina in batch cultures
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Fernandes Raimunda Thyciana Vasconcelos , Gonçalves Alex Augusto ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Arruda Alex Martins Varela de ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido
Published: March 2022

Because microalgae contain a wide variety of chemical and bioactive components that can be used to feed animals, especially aquaculture species, the present study aimed to evaluate the growth, bioactive compounds and chemical composition of the marine microalga Dunaliella salina in two batch cultures: autotrophic (saline) or mixotrophic (Conway). Thus, growth curve, cell diameter, growth rate (k), productivity (mg/L/day), maximum cell density (MCD), and chemical composition were evaluated through the macro and micronutrients and bioactive compounds. The D. salina in mixotrophic Conway medium had an earlier exponential phase and higher MCD (23,500 cells/ml), productivity, and growth rate (P < 0.05) than autotrophic saline medium (18,200 cells/ml), although the cell diameter of D. salina was greater (P < 0.05) in autotrophic (25.5 μm ± 2.65) than in mixotrophic medium (21.25 μm ± 1.26). The biomass of D. salina in mixotrophic medium obtained greater values (P < 0.05) of protein (60.43%), nitrogen (9.67 mg/g), and chlorophyll a (60.60 mg/L), whereas autotrophic medium provided greater values of lipids (6.93%), sugars (8.09%), gross energy (3955 kcal/kg), phosphorus (8.40 mg/g), potassium (128.66 mg/g), magnesium (29.23 mg/g), zinc (8.23 mg/g), total carotenoids (34.73 mg/L), vitamin C (87 mg/100g), total polyphenols (81.00 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (30 mg/kg), and yellow flavonoids (45.30 mg/100g). The use of the autotrophic saline medium for the D. salina microalgae was a viable alternative to the mixotrophic Conway medium. Due to its nutritional value and bioactive compound profile, D. salina microalgae biomass can be destined to animal and human nutrition.
Endoscopic transsphenoidal endonasal surgery in pituitary adenomas
Authors: Calderón Alemán Deniss , Carrión Durán Pablo , Calderón Alemán Doris , Gutiérrez Ramón Diego
Published: March 2022

The pituitary adenomas comprise the largest part of pituitary neoplasms, representing between 9 and 12% of primary brain tumors. Currently, the treatment of election is the surgical, the trans-sphenoidal endonasal path has provided a broader panoramic view, being feasible more delicate and safe procedures. The objective of this study was to describe the management of pituitary adenomas by endoscopic surgery trans-sphenoidal endonasal path. This is a study in a series of cases, with a sample of 17 patients who met the selection criteria and were attended at the José Carrasco Hospital Arteaga, Cuenca - Ecuador, period 2018 - 2019. All patients presented informed consent for the performance of the surgery and the subsequent dissemination of the results. The 53% of the population belonged to the male gender, 47% were patients between 40 and 60 years old, 65% were detected with macroadenomas, and 29% presented complications such as nasal obstruction, sphenoiditis and headache, the residual tumor stage was due 24%.Endoscopic surgery trans-sphenoidal endonasal path is a safe, minimally invasive tool, a surgical alternative with a high rate of tumor excision, better control and fewer complications, which reduces the morbidity of patients.
Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation for Agriculture: Sources of Evapotranspiration Data for Irrigation Scheduling in Florida
Authors: Kisekka Isaya , Migliaccio Kati , Dukes Michael D. , Schaffer Bruce , Crane Jonathan H. , Morgan Kelly
Published: March 2022

AE455, a 4-page fact sheet by Isaya Kisekka, Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael D. Dukes, Bruce Schaffer, Jonathan H. Crane, and Kelly Morgan, lists some of the public sources of ETo data for irrigation scheduling in Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, January 2010.
AE455/AE455: Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation for Agriculture: Sources of Evapotranspiration Data for Irrigation Scheduling in Florida (ufl.edu)
Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation for Agriculture: Implementing Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation Scheduling for Agriculture
Authors: Kisekka Isaya , Migliaccio Kati , Dukes Michael D. , Crane Jonathan H. , Schaffer Bruce
Published: March 2022

AE458, a 4-page fact sheet by Isaya Kisekka, Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael D. Dukes, Jonathan H. Crane, and Bruce Schaffer, outlines step-by-step procedures to follow when implementing a "smart" evapotranspiration (ET)-based irrigation schedule and a do-it-yourself irrigation schedule. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, January 2010.
AE458/AE458: Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation for Agriculture: Implementing Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation Scheduling for Agriculture (ufl.edu)
Perennial Peanut: Forage Nutritional Composition and Feeding Value
Authors: Myer Bob , Warren Lori , Eckert Juliet , Hancock Dennis , Blount Ann , Olson Clay
Published: March 2022

AN234, a 6-page fact sheet by Bob Myer, Lori Warren, Juliet Eckert, Dennis Hancock, Ann Blount, and Clay Olson, summarizes nutritional composition data and results of animal feeding studies, including studies with horses. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, February 2010.
AN234/AN234: Perennial Peanut: Forage Nutritional Composition and Feeding Value (ufl.edu)
Sustainable Landscape Construction: Materials and Products — Wood Preservatives
Authors: Hansen Gail
Published: March 2022

ENH1143, a 1-page fact sheet by Gail Hansen, lists several sustainable landscape construction techniques that help mitigate environmental damage and health concerns of wood preservatives. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, October 2009.
Cryptocaryon irritans Infections (Marine White Spot Disease) in Fish
Authors: Yanong Roy P.
Published: March 2022

FA164, a 10-page illustrated fact sheet by Roy P. E. Yanong, describes this significant disease problem for marine aquarists and commercial mariculture worldwide — signs of disease, biology and life cycle, immunity, diagnostics, prevention and control, disinfection, and biosecurity considerations. Includes references. Published by the UF Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, December 2009.
FA164/FA164: Cryptocaryon irritans Infections (Marine White Spot Disease) in Fish (ufl.edu)
Choosing an Appropriate Live Feed for Larviculture of Marine Fish
Authors: Ohs Cortney L. , Cassiano Eric J. , Rhodes Adelaide
Published: March 2022

FA167, a 7-page illustrated fact sheet by Cortney L. Ohs, Eric J. Cassiano, and Adelaide Rhodes, discusses the pros and cons of using rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods as live food for marine fish larvae. Includes references. Published by the UF Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, December 2009.
FA167/FA167: Choosing an Appropriate Live Feed for Larviculture of Marine Fish (ufl.edu)
Black-Banded Honey Bee, Sulawesian Honey Bee Apis nigrocincta Smith (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Rodriguez Lisa , Johnson Brynn , Jack Cameron
Published: March 2022

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences. Apis nigrocincta Smith (1860) is a cavity-nesting honey bee native to the Philippines and Indonesia. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services – Division of Plant Industry’s Apiary Inspection Section is actively screening for invasive honey bee species in an effort to eradicate unwanted pests. This bee is not currently considered a threat to Florida, but state researchers are actively screening honey bees of unknown origins using molecular markers to detect the presence of Apis nigrocincta.
Spotted Wing Drosophila New in Florida Berry Culture
Authors: Price James F. , Nagle Curtis A.
Published: March 2022

ENY857, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by James F. Price and Curtis A. Nagle, describes this pest of strawberry, blueberry, raspberry and other thin-skinned fruit that was discovered in Hillsborough County in August 2009, and which strawberry growers should be prepared to encounter in winter 2010. It describes possible tactics for management. Includes references and a table of insecticides available for management of Drosophila spp. flies on strawberries in Florida. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2009.
ENY-861/IN839: Spotted Wing Drosophila in Florida Berry Culture (ufl.edu)
EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP)
Authors: Fishel Frederick M.
Published: March 2022

PI227, a 4-page fact sheet by F.M. Fishel, discusses EPA’s screening program for potential effects to the endocrine system caused by pesticide exposure. Includes additional sources of information. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, April 2010.
Importance and Status of Florida Coral Reefs: Questions and Answers
Authors: Krediet Cory J. , Ritchie Kim , Teplitski Max
Published: March 2022

SL-305, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by Cory J. Krediet, Kim Ritchie, and Max Teplitski, addresses some questions regarding coral reef biology, coral reef health, and the ecological and economic benefits coral reefs provide. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Sciences, August 2009.
Raising the Quality of Extension Reporting: An Evaluation Leadership Team Model
Authors: Gariton Colleen , Lamm Alexa , Israel Glenn , Diehl David
Published: March 2022

This new 5-page article reviews the Evaluation Leadership Team (ELT) model. This article provides more detail about the model, possible ways to implement this model in the Extension system, and potential impacts of implementing this model. If this model is implemented, it could help streamline and standardize evaluation in Extension through the creation of more standardized evaluations and templates by ELT members within priority groups. This could have huge ramifications for Extension across the country. With standardization, they will be able to better assess their impact and the programming provided, as well as to prove their worth to their stakeholders and the public. Written by Colleen Gariton, Alexa Lamm, Glenn Israel, and David Diehl and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication.
Weed Management in Tobacco
Authors: Moore J. Michael
Published: March 2022

Revised! SS-AGR-01, a 5-page fact sheet by J. Michael Moore, describes methods that should be used in an integrated weed control program for tobacco — sanitation, crop rotation, cultivation, and chemical control. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, 2009.
Про перспективи розвитку фірми АНТОНОВ у сучасних умовах
Authors: Бичков Сергій Андрійович
Published: March 2022

The features of the functioning of the domestic aviation industry in the Soviet period and during Ukraine's independence, as well as the world experience of developed countries in supporting aircraft manufacturing companies in the creation of advanced aviation technology are considered. Abroad, such an industry works with the assistance and under the control of the state, including private companies. The main directions of the development strategy of ANTONOV Company in modern conditions are shown. Effective options for ensuring the enterprise activities in the absence of state funding are disclosed, which made it possible to save the domestic school of aircraft engineering and continue the development of new aircraft. The main principles used in the formation of plans and promising directions of ANTONOV Company activity developed, including the priority implementation of state orders, constant monitoring of market needs in aviation technology, the modernization of existing ANTONOV aircraft, the development of aircraft modification families to meet market demands at minimal cost and in a short time, the assessment of all possible risks of new work. The result of the analysis carried out following the stated principles is the development of an aircraft creation program, considering the financial capabilities of the enterprise, the availability of the necessary scientific and technical reserve, and competent engineering and design staff, as well as the state of production. The latest developments of ANTONOV aviation equipment, created during the years of Ukraine's independence, are presented: the multi-purpose aircraft An-38, the regional passenger aircraft An-140, An-148, An-158, the light transport aircraft An-132D, the medium military transport aircraft of short takeoff and landing An-70. The policy of the enterprise in the social sphere is shown, aimed at ensuring the save of qualified personnel, as well as the training of engineering and technical personnel and workers of aviation specialization. Priority work programs of the enterprise have been identified: airworthiness support, repair, and modernization of ANTONOV aircraft; completion of the program for creating the An-178 aircraft; airworthiness support, repair, and support in the operation of aircraft of ANTONOV Airlines; completion of the import substitution program for materials and components; restoration of serial production and sales of An-148 and An-158 passenger aircraft. The main directions of exploratory research of new projects of competitive aircraft are planned.
Mathematical model of a vertical-axial wind motor in a viscous gas flow
Authors: Bobriakova Elena , Gundar Artem , Ivanov Sergiy , Krashanytsya Yurii , Rudyk Ivan , Serbin Aleksandr , Fedchenko Daniil
Published: March 2022

The development of vertical axial wind turbines in Ukraine is in its infancy for many reasons: the lack of systematic theoretical and experimental studies of the aerodynamic characteristics of various schemes of wind turbines, the lack of an appropriate experimental base in technical universities, design organizations, insufficient number of available publications in foreign literature due to high competition between by monopoly firms. At present, various numerical methods are widely used to solve urgent problems of aero hydrodynamics, which are used for the approximate solution of boundary value problems in the form of differential forms of mathematical models. Their common disadvantages are the particularity and laboriousness of solutions, high requirements for computing resources, and, as a consequence, the complexity of solving optimization problems and economic feasibility. These problems can be avoided by using exact or approximate analytical dependences, which allow solving some urgent problems of studying the interaction of a viscous gas with the bearing elements of both aircraft and engineering structures. The existing methods for calculating the aerodynamic characteristics, based on the ideology of the mathematical model of the motion of an ideal medium without viscous interaction, do not correspond to the real processes and demands of practice. The article presents the ideology of determining the aerodynamic characteristics of the interacting system of solid profiles in the configuration of a vertical-axial wind turbine in a viscous gas flow. Based on generalized vector-tensor analysis, contour integral representations of solutions to the main problem of fluid and gas mechanics related to the determination of kinematic and dynamic characteristics of interaction have been constructed. In addition, the existence of a vector potential of the tensor of stresses and deformation velocities has been proved, reducing, in the simplest cases, the process of determining characteristics to integration. The limit values of these integral representations are a system of boundary integral equations, allow for elementary algorithmization, and lead to a system of linear algebraic equations having a single solution.
Improvement of the repair method of the aircraft components made of polymer composite materials with operational damage
Authors: Andrieiev Oleksii , Maiorova Kateryna , Lupkin Borys , Boiko Maksym , Korolkov Yurii
Published: March 2022

The subject of study in this article is the repair method of the aircraft (A/C) components made of polymer composite materials (PCM) with operational damage. This article improves the repair method of the A/C PCM components with cracks and holes. Objectives: to improve the repair method of operational damage of the A/C PCM components by layer-by-layer removal of the defective area using a milling tool; propose dependencies to determine the serviceability period of the damaged area, considering the safety factor and geometric parameters of the defect. The following methods are used: analysis of existing and common repair methods of the A/C PCM components, mathematical approaches for their evaluation based on solving systems of equations. According to the analysis, the shortcomings of existing and common repair methods of the A/C PCM components with cracks and holes are identified. A proposal is made to improve the adhesive repair method of the A/C PCM components by using a milling tool with a curved cutting edge with a radius of curvature from 3 mm to 5 mm. The main stages of such repair are updated by filling the repair area with isotropic polymer paste. The dependencies of the geometrical parameters of layer-by-layer milling on the strength of the A/C PCM components are shown, considering the operating loads, calculated loads, and safety factors. The scientific novelties of the obtained results are as follows: the repair method of the A/C PCM components with operational damage using layer-by-layer milling with shaped radial mill to remove PCM layers in the defective area followed by filling the repair area with isotropic polymer paste is improved; the dependencies of geometric and strength parameters of the defective area of the A/C PCM components are established, which allow to easily determine the time of defect development before the destruction of the structure and the temporary period of serviceability of the A/C PCM components. The proposed improvement of the repair method will increase the period of operation of the A/C PCM components in general, which may be the next study.
Досвід впровадження адитивних технологій при ремонті деталей ГТД зі сплава ЕП 648 ВІ (ХН50ВМТЮБ-ВІ) в умовах серійного виробництва
Authors: Чигилейчик Сергій Леонідович , Петрик Ігор Андрійович , Овчинников Олександр Володимирович , Кирилаха Світлана Вікторівна
Published: March 2022

Technology has been developed for repairing the nozzle assembly (SA) casing in the D-18T engine by additively growing the damaged part by microplasma surfacing with a powder of EP648VI (KhN50VMTYUB-VI) alloy. Traditionally, a part with such damage was rejected. The cost of replacing a damaged part with a new one is about 200 thousand hryvnias. The article discusses the equipment and features of the growing technology using the method of microplasma multilayer surfacing. Additive growth of the cut-damaged part was carried out on a STARWELD 190 H robotic installation for microplasma powder surfacing using EP648 VI alloy powders with a 63–163 micron fraction. After growing, heat treatment (aging at 700 ºС, exposure for 16 hours), mechanical processing, and quality control of the grown part were carried out. To create an evidence base to determine the possibility of installing a repaired part on the engine, a set of studies was carried out, which included the determination of the chemical composition of samples grown using a technology similar to repair, metallographic studies, and mechanical tests. As a result, it was found that the chemical composition of the deposited metal meets the requirements of the technical specifications TU 14-1-3046-97 "Bars made of heat-resistant alloy grade KhN50VMTYUB (EP648), and the microstructure of the deposited metal after heat treatment is a γ - solid solution with the presence of carbides, carbonitrides and a small amount of γ´ phase, which corresponds to the normally heat-treated state of the EP 648 VI (KhN50VMTYUB-VI) alloy and the level of mechanical properties of the grown alloy with subsequent serial heat treatment (aging at 700 ° C, holding for 16 hours) not lower than the level of the forging used at serial production of a part. The economic effect of the introduction of this technology is shown, which is more than 100 thousand hryvnias (about 23% of the cost of a new part).
Experiencias de las E-actividades de Evaluación de las Competencias del nivel básico del área de Programación
Authors: Cerón Garnica C. , Archundia Sierra E. , Cervantes Márquez A.P. , Beltrán Martínez B.
Published: March 2022

Las tendencias curriculares internacionales han producido modificaciones en los Planes y Programas de Estudio en las carreras de las Ciencias de la Computación dando énfasis a la evidencia del desarrollo de las competencias del perfil de egreso evaluadas por los organismos acreditadores y la movilidad académica internacional para asegurar la calidad de los mismos. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar la reflexión de los escenarios, e-actividades y herramientas usadas en las asignaturas del área de la programación que han impactado en el desarrollo de las competencias. La metodología utilizada con un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño cuasi-experimental y longitudinal aplicado a una muestra de estudiantes de la generación 2016 de la Ingeniería en Cs. de la Computación. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados del diagnóstico del desarrollo de las competencias del área de programación y recomendaciones para apoyar el nivel curricular del programa en Ciencias de Computación.

The international curricular tendencies have produced modifications in the Plans and Programs of Study in the careers of the Sciences of the Computation giving emphasis in the evidence of the development of the competencies of the profile of graduation evaluated by the accrediting organisms and the international academic mobility to assure the quality of them. The purpose of this project is to present the reflection of the stages, e-activities and tools used in the subjects in the area of programming that have impacted in the development of competencies. The methodology used with a quantitative approach and a design quasi-experimental and longitudinal applied to a sample of students of the 2016 generation of the Engineering in Sciences of the Computation. Finally, are presented the results of the diagnosis of the development of the competencies in the area of programming and recommendations to support the curricular level of the program in Computer Sciences.
Bacterial Mineralization of Atrazine as a Model for Herbicide Biodegradation: Molecular and Applied Aspects
Authors: Wackett Lawrence , Mandelbaum Raphi , Sadowsky Michael
Published: March 2022

Atrazine is a broadly used herbicide in agriculture and it was used here as a model to study the biodegradation of herbicides. The bacterium Pseudomonas sp. ADP metabolizes atrazine to carbon dioxide and ammonia and chloride. The genes encoding atrazine catabolism to cyanuric acid were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The genes were designated atzA, atzB and atzC. Each gene was sequenced. The enzyme activities were characterized. AtzA is atrazine chlorohydrolase which takes atrazine to hydroxyatrizine. AtzB is hydroxyatrazine N-ethylaminohydrolase which produces N-isopropylammelide and N-ethylamine. AtzC is N-isopropylammelide N-isopropylaminohydrolase which produces cyanuric acid and N-isopropylamine. Each product was isolated and characterized to confirm their identity by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Sequence analysis indicated that each of the hydrolytic enzymes AtzA, AtzB and AtzC share identity which the aminohydrolase protein superfamily. Atrazine chlorohydrolase was purified to homogeneity. It was shown to have a kcat of 11 s-1 and a KM of 150 uM. It was shown to require a metal ion, either Fe(II), Mn(II) or Co(II), for activity. The atzA, atzB and atzC genes were shown to reside on a broad-host range plasmid in Pseudomonas sp. ADP. Six other recently isolated atrazine-degrading bacteria obtained from Europe and the United States contained homologs to the atz genes identified in Pseudomonas sp. ADP. The identity of the sequences were very high, being greater than 98% in all pairwise comparisons. This indicates that many atrazine-degrading bacteria worldwide metabolize atrazine via a pathway that proceeds through hydroxyatrazine, a metabolite which is non-phytotoxic and non-toxic to mammals. Enzymes were immobilized and used for degradation of atrazine in aqueous phases. The in-depth understanding of the genomics and biochemistry of the atrazine mineralization pathway enabled us to study factors affecting the prevalence of atrazine degradation in various agricultural soils under conservative and new agricultural practices. Moreover, Pseudomonas sp. ADP and/or its enzymes were added to atrazine-contaminated soils, aquifers and industrial wastewater to increase the rate and extent of atrazine biodegradation above that of untreated environments. Our studies enhance the ability to control the fate of regularly introduced pesticides in agriculture, or to reduce the environmental impact of unintentional releases.
Harnessing the genetic diversity engendered by alternative gene splicing
Authors: Fluhr Robert , Brendel Volker
Published: March 2022

Our original objectives were to assess the unexplored dimension of alternative splicing as a source of genetic variation. In particular, we sought to initially establish an alternative splicing database for Arabidopsis, the only plant for which a near-complete genome has been assembled. Our goal was to then use the database, in part, to advance plant gene prediction programs that are currently a limiting factor in annotating genomic sequence data and thus will facilitate the exploitation of the ever increasing quantity of raw genomic data accumulating for plants. Additionally, the database was to be used to generate probes for establishing high-throughput alternative transcriptome analysis in the form of a splicing-specific oligonucleotide microarray. We achieved the first goal and established a database and web site termed Alternative Splicing In Plants (ASIP, http://www.plantgdb.org/ASIP/). We also thoroughly reviewed the extent of alternative splicing in plants (Arabidopsis and rice) and proposed mechanisms for transcript processing. We noted that the repertoire of plant alternative splicing differs from that encountered in animals. For example, intron retention turned out to be the major type. This surprising development was proven by direct RNA isolation techniques. We further analyzed EST databases available from many plants and developed a process to assess their alternative splicing rate. Our results show that the lager genome-sized plant species have enhanced rates of alternative splicing. We did advance gene prediction accuracy in plants by incorporating scoring for non-canonical introns. Our data and programs are now being used in the continuing annotation of plant genomes of agronomic importance, including corn, soybean, and tomato. Based on the gene annotation data developed in the early part of the project, it turned out that specific probes for different exons could not be scaled up to a large array because no uniform hybridization conditions could be found. Therefore, we modified our original objective to design and produce an oligonucleotide microarray for probing alternative splicing and realized that it may be reasonable to investigate the extent of alternative splicing using novel commercial whole genome arrays. This possibility was directly examined by establishing algorithms for the analysis of such arrays. The predictive value of the algorithms was then shown by isolation and verification of alternative splicing predictions from the published whole genome array databases. The BARD-funded work provides a significant advance in understanding the extent and possible roles of alternative splicing in plants as well as a foundation for advances in computational gene prediction.
X-ray and stereo imaging method for sensitive detection of bone fragments and hazardous materials in de-boned poultry fillets
Authors: Tao Yang , Alchanatis Victor , Chen Yud-Ren
Published: March 2022

As Americans become increasingly health conscious, they have increased their consumptionof boneless white and skinless poultry meat. To the poultry industry, accurate detection of bonefragments and other hazards in de-boned poultry meat is important to ensure food quality andsafety for consumers. X-ray imaging is widely used for internal material inspection. However,traditional x-ray technology has limited success with high false-detection errors mainly becauseof its inability to consistently recognize bone fragments in meat of uneven thickness. Today’srapid grow-out practices yield chicken bones that are less calcified. Bone fragments under x-rayshave low contrast from meat. In addition, the x-ray energy reaching the image detector varieswith the uneven meat thickness. Differences in x-ray absorption due to the unevenness inevitablyproduce false patterns in x-ray images and make it hard to distinguish between hazardousinclusions and normal meat patterns even by human visual inspection from the images.Consequently, the false patterns become camouflage under x-ray absorptions of variant meatthickness in physics, which remains a major limitation to detecting hazardous materials byprocessing x-ray images alone.Under the support of BARD, USDA, and US Poultry industries, we have aimed todeveloping a new technology that uses combined x-ray and laser imaging to detect bonefragments in de-boned poultry. The technique employs the synergism of sensors of differentprinciples and has overcome the deficiency of x-rays in physics of letting x-rays work alone inbone fragment detection. X-rays in conjunction of laser-based imaging was used to eliminatefalse patterns and provide higher sensitivity and accuracy to detect hazardous objects in the meatfor poultry processing lines.Through intensive research, we have met all the objectives we proposed during the researchperiod. Comprehensive experiments have proved the concept and demonstrated that the methodhas been capable of detecting frequent hard-to-detect bone fragments including fan bones andfractured rib and pulley bone pieces (but not cartilage yet) regardless of their locations anduneven meat thickness without being affected by skin, fat, and blood clots or blood vines.
Regulation of plant development by polycomb group proteins
Authors: Ohad Nir , Fischer Robert
Published: March 2022

Our genetic and molecular studies have indicated that FIE a WD-repeat Polycomb group (PcG) protein takes part in multi-component protein complexes. We have shown that FIE PcG protein represses inappropriate programs of development during the reproductive and vegetative phases of the Arabidopsis life cycle. Moreover, we have shown that FIE represses the expression of key regulatory genes that promote flowering (AG and LFY), embryogenesis (LEC1), and shoot formation (KNAT1). These results suggest that the FIE PcG protein participates in the formation of distinct PcG complexes that repress inappropriate gene expression at different stages of plant development. PcG complexes modulate chromatin compactness by modifying histones and thereby regulate gene expression and imprinting. The main goals of our original project were to elucidate the biological functions of PcG proteins, and to understand the molecular mechanisms used by FIE PcG complexes to repress the expression of its gene targets. Our results show that the PcG complex acts within the central cell of the female gametophyte to maintain silencing of MEA paternal allele. Further more we uncovered a novel example of self-imprinting mechanism by the PgG complex. Based on results obtained in the cures of our research program we extended our proposed goals and elucidated the role of DME in regulating plant gene imprinting. We discovered that in addition to MEA,DME also imprints two other genes, FWA and FIS2. Activation of FWA and FIS2 coincides with a reduction in 5-methylcytosine in their respective promoters. Since endosperm is a terminally differentiated tissue, the methylation status in the FWA and FIS2 promoters does not need to be reestablished in the following generation. We proposed a “One-Way Control” model to highlight differences between plant and animal genomic imprinting. Thus we conclude that DEMETER is a master regulator of plant gene imprinting. Future studies of DME function will elucidate its role in processes and disease where DNA methylation has a key regulatory role both in plants and animals. Such information will provide valuable insight into developing novel strategies to control and improve agricultural traits and overcome particular human diseases.
Similarities and differences in KNOX function
Authors: Ori Naomi , Hake Sarah
Published: March 2022

Hypothalamic gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH1) is the key hormone in the control of gametogenesis and gonadal growth in vertebrates. Developmentally, hypothalamic GnRHproducing neurons originate from the olfactory placode, migrate along olfactory axons into the forebrain, and continue to the preoptic area and hypothalamus where they function to stimulate gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary gland. An appropriate location of GnRH neurons within the hypothalamus is necessary for normal reproductive function in the adult; abnormal migration and targeting of GnRH neurons during embryogenesis results in hypogonadism and infertility. The developmental migration of GnRH neurons and axonal pathfinding in mammals are modulated by a plethora of factors, including receptors, secreted molecules, adhesion molecules, etc. Yet the exact mechanism that controls these developmental events is still unknown. We investigated these developmental events and the underlying mechanisms using a transgenic zebrafish model, Tg(gnrh1: EGFP), in which GnRH1 neurons and axons are fluorescently labeled. The role of factors that potentially affect the development of this system was investigated by testing the effect of their knockdown and mutation on the development of the GnRH1 system. In addition, their localization in relation to GnRH1 was described during development. These studies are expected to generate the scientific foundation that will lead to developing innovative technologies, based on the disruption of the early establishment of the GnRH system, for inducing sterility in farmed fish, which is highly desirable for economical and environmental reasons.
Genetic, Genomic and Biochemical Analysis of Arabidopsis Threonine Aldolase and Associated Molecular and Metabolic Networks
Authors: Jander Georg , Galili Gad , Shachar-Hill Yair
Published: March 2022

Since the amino acids threonine and isoleucine can be limiting in mammalian diet and there is interest in increasing their abundance in certain crop plants. To meet this need, a BARD proposal was written with two main research objectives: (i) investigate new avenues for manipulating threonine and isoleucine content in plants and (ii) study the role of threonine aldolase in plant metabolism. Research conducted to meet these goals included analysis of the sub-cellular localization of threonine aldolase in the plant, analysis of metabolic flux in developing embryos, over- and under-expression of Arabidopsis threonine aldolases, and transcriptional and metabolic analysis of perturbations resulting from altered threonine aldolase expression. Additionally, the broader metabolic effects of increasing lysine biosynthesis were investigated. An interesting observation that came up in the course of the project is that threonine aldolase activity affects methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis. Further research showed that threonine deaminase and methionine gamma-lyase both contribute to isoleucine biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, isoleucine content can be altered by manipulating the expression of either or both of these enzymes. Additionally, both enzymes contribute to the up to 100-fold increase in isoleucine that is observed in drought-stressed Arabidopsis. Toward the end of the project it was discovered that through different projects, both groups had been able to independently up-regulate phenylalanine accumulation by different mechanisms. The Galili lab transformed Arabidopsis with a feedbackinsensitive bacterial enzyme and the Jander lab found a feedback insensitive mutation in Arabidopsis arogenate dehydratase. Exchange of the respective plant lines has allowed a comparative analysis of the different methods for increasing phenylalanine content and the creation of double mutants. The research that was conducted as part of this BARD project has led to new insights into plant amino acid metabolism. Additionally, new approaches that were found to increase the accumulation of threonine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine in plants have potential practical applications. Increased threonine and isoleucine levels can increase the nutritional value of crop plants. Elevated isoleucine accumulation may increase the osmotic stress tolerance of plants. Up-regulation of phenylalanine biosynthesis can be used to increase the production of downstream higher-value plant metabolites of biofuel feed stocks.
Modulation of the Redox Climate and Phosphatase Signaling in a Necrotroph: an Axis for Inter- and Intra-cellular Communication that Regulates Development and Pathogenicity
Authors: Dickman Martin B. , Yarden Oded
Published: March 2022

The long-term goals of our research are to understand the regulation of sclerotial development and pathogenicity in S. sclerotiorum. The focus in this project is on the elucidation of the signaling events and environmental cues that contribute to broad pathogenic success of S. sclerotiorum. In this proposal, we have taken advantage of the recent conceptual (ROS/PPs signaling) and technical (genome sequence availability and gene inactivation possibilities) developments to address the following questions, as appear in our research goals stated below, specifically concerning the involvement of REDOX signaling and protein dephosphorylation in the regulation of hyphal/sclerotial development and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum. Our stated specific objectives were to progress our understanding of the following questions: (i) Which ROS species affect S. sclerotiorum development and pathogenicity? (ii) In what manner do PPs affect S. sclerotiorum development and pathogenicity? (iii) Are PPs affected by ROS production and does PP activity affect ROS production and SMK1? (iv) How does Sclerotinia modulate the redox environment in both host and pathogen? While addressing these questions, our main findings include the identification and characterization the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family in S. sclerotiorum. Silencing of Ssnox1 indicated a central role for this enzyme in both virulence and pathogenic (sclerotial) development, while inactivation of Ssnox2 resulted in limited sclerotial development but remained fully pathogenic. Interestingly, we found a consistent correlation with Ssnox1(involved with pathogenicity) and oxalate levels. This same observation was also noted with Sssod1. Thus, fungal enzymes involved in oxidative stress tolerance,when inactivated, also exhibit reduced OA levels. We have also shown that protein phosphatases (specifically PP2A and PTP1) are involved in morphogenesis and pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum, demonstrating the regulatory role of these key proteins in the mentioned processes. While probing the redox environment and host-pathogen interactions we determined that oxalic acid is an elicitor of plant programmed cell death during S. sclerotiorum disease development and that oxalic acid suppresses host defense via manipulation of the host redox environment. During the course of this project we also contributed to the progress of understanding S. sclerotiorum function and the manipulation of this fungus by establishing an efficient gene replacement and direct hyphal transformation protocols in S. sclerotiorum. Lastly, both PIs were involved in thegenomic analysis of this necrotrophic fungal pathogen (along with Botrytis cinerea). Our results have been published in 11 papers (including joint papers and refereed reviews) and have set the basis for a continuum towards a better understanding and eventual control of this important pathogen (with implications to other fungal-host systems as well).