bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant communities along the international coastal highway of Nile delta, Egypt
Authors: El-Amier Yasser A. , Abd El-Gawad Ahmed M.
Published: June 2017

The construction of highways promotes several changes in the roadside habitat, vegetation, and plant invasion. The present study aimed to describe the plant communities-environment interactions of the international coastal highway from Port-Said to Abu-Qir, northern Nile delta coast of Egypt. A total of 146 species (83 annuals, 4 biennials, and 59 perennials), belonging to 116 genera and 33 families were recorded in 80 stands. The Mediterranean chorotype is the most represented. The cluster analysis of stands yielded four communities. The community I was dominated by Silybum mariannum, community II was dominated by Mesembryanthemum crystalinum, Community III is the largest one and was co-dominated by Hordeum murinum and Senecio glaucus and community IV was co-dominated by Cakile maritima and S. glaucus. Diversity indices showed more richness of communities II and more evenness of community IV. Electric conductivity, porosity, soil texture, Na+, Cl- and bicarbonate showed significant variation among communities. The soil of C. maritima and S. glaucus community was more saline (1.78 ms cm-1). The application of CCA showed that communities II and III were mainly correlated with salinity and organic matter. The present study revealed that roadside habitat of the international coastal highway dominated by different plant communities which correlated with the habitat structure, salinity, and anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, nine invasive species were recorded in this study which could be attributed to the increment of human activities after the construction of the highway.
Alteration of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant systems in tomato under drought with Tebuconazole and Hexaconazole applications
Authors: Arivalagan Maruthaiya , Somasundaram Ramamurthy
Published: June 2017

Present investigation was focused on the response and regulation of the antioxidant defense system and photosynthetic pigment variation effect of two important fungicides or plant growth regulators Hexaconazole (HEX) and Tebuconazole (TBZ) on drought stressed tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants. Drought stress was imposed for 30 Days after sowing (DAS) of tomato plant. The water was irrigated by 4 Days Interval Drought (DID) and the control plants were regularly irrigated. Triazole treatment like HEX at 15 mg L-1 and TBZ at 10 mg L-1 imposed on 30, 40 and 50 DAS. The plant samples were collected on 40, 50 and 60 DAS. The photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll – a, chlorophyll – b and total chlorophyll were estimated. The drought stress reduced the photosynthetic pigments and increased the antioxidant contents and antioxidant enzymes activities. The combined drought stress with triazole treatments increased the photosynthetic pigments then reduced the ascorbic acid (AA), α-tocopherol, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, when compared to drought stressed plants. It can be concluded that the triazole treatment partially mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress in L. esculentum.
POLITIK APARTHEID DI AFRIKA SELATAN
Authors: Budiman Agus
Published: June 2017

Diskriminasi rasial salah satu masalah yang sangat besar dan terdapat di beberapa negara seperti Amerika Serikat, Inggris dan yang paling dominan terdapat di Afrika Selatan dengan politik Apartheid. Oleh karena itu, Afrika Selatan menjadi fokus perjuangan anti rasialisme menuju realisasi keadilan. Kata Apartheid berarti "keterpisahan" dalam bahasa Afrika dan itu menggambarkan kaku rasial yang mengatur pembagian antara populasi minoritas kulit putih dan mayoritas penduduk kulit putih. Perjuangan mayoritas kulit hitam Afrika melawan dominasi minoritas kulit putih merupakan konflik rasial utama dan terakhir. Masyarakat Internasional aktif mendorongnya. Namun, kelompok kulit putih cukup banyak dan terlalu kuat sedangkan kekuatan kulit hitam begitu lemah dan terpecah belah, sampai pada akhirnya nanti muncul seorang yang bernama Nelson Mandela yang ikut aktif dalam memperjuangkan penghapusan politik Apartheid di Afrika Selatan, atas dasar agar krisis rasial dan konflik yang terjadi di sana segera selesai dan Afrika Selatan menjadi negara yang kondusif.Kata Kunci: Politik Apartheid, Rasialisme, Konflik Rasial.
PERANAN ABU UBAIDAH BIN JARRAH DALAM PERANG YARMUK TAHUN 636 M
Authors: Brata Yat Rospia , Gustina Rina Dwi
Published: June 2017

ABSTRAKAbu Ubaidah bin jarrah r. a salah satu sahabat Nabi yang tidak  mementingkan jabatan ataupun posisi istimewa dipemerintahan, melaikan hanya menjalankan dengan kesungguhannya sebagai umat Islam. Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah r. a merupakan sahabat Nabi yang membawa pengaruh terhadap peradaban islam dalam melakukan ekpansi wilayah di luar Arab. Sehingga menjadikan banyak daerah yang dapat dibebaskan dan kekuasaan islam semakin kuat. Atas upaya dan kesungguhannya, Alloh menjanjikan Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah r. a. sebagai Assabiqunaal Awwalun (masuk surga). Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah r. a. mengajarkan pentingnya berjalan di agama alloh dengan kesungguhan, keiklasan, tanpa kesombongan ataupun pamrih. Semua dijalankan berdasarkan mencari keridoan Alloh. Abu Ubaidah bin jarrah dipercaya oleh Umar bin Khttab sebagai panglima perang dalam peristiwa yarmuk tahun 636 M dimana peristiwa tersebut dimenangkan oleh umat muslim dalam penaklukan pertamanya di luar Jazirah Arab melawan Romawi Timur. Dengan strategi perang membag tentaranya menjadi lima bagian, depan, belakang, kanan, kiri dan tengah. Serta, karena kehebatannya sebagai panglima beliau berhasil membunuh komandan Romawi. Kata Kunci: Abu Ubaidah dan Peranga YarmukABSTRACTAbu Ubaidah bin jarrah ra one of the companions of the Prophet were not concerned with the post or privileged position the groverenment, but only run with sincerity as Muslims. Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah ra is a companion of the Prophet who had an impact on the Islamic civilization in doing expansion outside the Arab region. So that makes a lot of areas that can be freed and Islamic power is getting stronger. The efforts and sincerity, Allah promises Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah ra as Assabiqunaal Awwalun (go to heaven). Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah r. a. taught the importance of walking in the religion of Allah with sincerity, keiklasan, without vanity or self-interest. All are run by looking keridoan Allah. Abu Ubaidah bin jarrah trusted by Umar bin Khttab as a warlord in the event of Yarmuk in 636 AD where the event was won by the Muslims in the first conquest beyond the Arabian Peninsula against the East. With war strategy divide army into five parts, the front, rear, right, left and center. As well, because of his prowess as a commander, he managed to kill the Roman commander. Keyword: Abu Ubaidah and Yarmuk
BATU AKIK SEBAGAI BUDAYA POPULER
Authors: Triana, HS Yagus
Published: June 2017

Penelitian ini berjudul “Batu Akik Sebagai Budaya Populer”. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menjelaskan bagaimana batu akik menjadi budaya populer di Indonesia. Penjelasan mengenai sejarah dan perkembangan batu akik di Indonesia akan dijadikan sebagai pengantar dalam penulisan ini. Adapun penjelasan mengenai nilai-nilai budaya, kekuasaan, ekonomi dan ideologi yang berkaitan dengan hegemoni. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka yang relevan akan dijadikan bahan literatur untuk penulisan ini. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang definisi budaya populer, sejarah perkembangan batu akik, karakter budaya populer, dan bagaimana batu akik bisa menjadi budaya populer di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Batu Akik, Budaya dan Budaya PopulerThis research entitled "Gemstone As Popular Culture". In this research, the authors explain how gemstone into popular culture in Indonesia. Explanation of the history and development of agate in Indonesia will serve as an introduction to this paper. The explanation of the values of culture, power, economy and ideology associated with hegemony. This research method using a qualitative analysis approach. Technique data collecting relevant literature will be used as material for the writing of this literature. The results of this study describes the definition of popular culture, historical development of agate, character of popular culture, and how gemstone can be popular culture in Indonesia.Keywords: Gemstone, Culture and Popular Culture
KAJIAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM CERITA RAKYAT “NYAI ANDAN SARI DAN KYAI GURU SOKA”
Authors: Dwinuryati Yustina , Andayani Andayani
Published: June 2017

ABSTRAKBegitu banyak cerita rakyat yang di dalamnya terkandung kearifan lokal. Cerita rakyat mengandung banyak nilai pendidikan karakter. Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan fungsi cerita rakyat yang berkaitan dengan pembentukan karakter. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data penelitian berupa dokumen cerita rakyat berjudul Nyai Andan Sari dan Kyai Soka dan wawancara dengan informan yang kemudian ditranskrip dalam bahasa tulis. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif (interactive model of analysis). Validasi data dengan triangulasi metode dan review informan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada sepuluh karakter yang muncul dari cerita tersebut. Karakter yang ditemukan yaitu religious, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, mandiri, rasa ingin tahu, semangat kebangsaan, bersahabat, peduli sosial dan tanggung jawab. Setiap karakter yang muncul bermula dari cerita yang digambarkan pada folklor tersebut. Nilai religious dilihat dari kebersediaan bertapa oleh Kyai Goa Soka untuk menemui Tuhan agar mendapatkan pencerahan dalam kehidupannya. Meskipun dalam pertapaannya tersebut ia mendapatkan berbagai ancaman, godaan, gangguan dari berbagai bentuk, ia tetap memiliki kekuatan hati untuk melihat ke depan dan tujuannya. Hal ini patut dicontoh, karena sudah banyak manusia di dunia ini yang sudah tidak tahan godaan, seperti halnya korupsi, pembunuhan, pemerkosaan, dan bentuk kejahatan lainnya. Sebagian dari itu mampu menunjukkan ketidakkuatan pada cobaan dan godaan yang hanya sekadar duniawi.Kata Kunci: folklor, karakter, Nyai Andan Sari dan Kyai SokaABSTRACTThere are many folklores that having local wisdom. Foklores posses many values of character. The purpose of the research is to describe the function of folklore to build character. This is a qualitative research applying the descriptive method. The data of the research is a folklore entitled Nyai Andan Sari dan Kyai Soka and the transcript of the interview with the informant. The technique of data analysis applied in the research is the interactive model of analysis. Data validation applied is triangulation method and informant review. The result of the research is that there are ten characters in the story, namely religious, tolerant, discipline, hard working, independent, curious, nationalist, friendship, social awareness and responsibility. The characters appear in the description of the story. The religious character can be seen from the willingness of Kyai Goa Soka to meditate to meet the God to get the enlighten in his life. In his meditation he got a lot of disturbance in various forms, he still has power to keep his goal. It is a good example because nowadays there are many people that doing many bad things such as corruption, murder, rap, and other crimes. It shows the inability of people to face the everyday problems.Keywords: folklore, character, Nyai Andan dan Kyai Soka
Precision Case Hardening by Low Pressure Carburizing (LPC) for High Volume Production*
Authors: Korecki M. , Wołowiec-Korecka E. , Sut M. , Brewka A. , Stachurski W. , Zgórniak P.
Published: June 2017

Traditionally, case hardening is based on carburizing in atmospheres and oil quenching; this is carried out in sealed quench furnaces and in continuous lines (pusher, roller or rotary furnaces). They are technologies and devices developed more than 50 years ago and, over the course of time, they have exhausted their development potential. At present, they hardly meet the incoming requirements of the modern industry regarding quality and replicability, integration and organization of production, and environment protection.

A solution for weak points of traditional case hardening is the use of vacuum technologies and equipment. Vacuum carburizing increases the resulting precision and replicability, and the variety of vacuum equipment for heat treatment allows the adaptation to modern industry requirements. Two applications are described in the article. The first one – evolutionary – is based on the triple- chamber vacuum furnace for semi-continuous production as a wide alternative for traditional devices. The second system – innovative – is based on the true single-piece flow method. Both solutions have specific and characteristic properties that predispose them for different applications depending on quality requirements and organization of production.
Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Phase Composition of Thin Magnetron Sputtered TWIP Steel Foils
Authors: Kovac J. , Mehner A. , Köhler B. , Clausen B. , Zoch H.-W.
Published: June 2017

Some high manganese austenitic steels show extraordinarily high ductility due to twinning induced plasticity (TWIP). The TWIP-effect is based on the formation of crystal twins in the austenitic lattice structure as a response to mechanical strain resulting in an extraordinary high ductility. Therefore, TWIP steels are very interesting for forming processes like deep drawing. Within the collaborative research center 747 (SFB 747 “Mikrokaltumformung”) of the German Research Foundation (DFG), micro-components are produced by deep drawing from thin metal foils with thicknesses from 20 μm to 50 μm. The production of such foils by conventional methods as multiple rolling processes of cast sheets is very time consuming since the initial defect free crystal lattice has to be recovered repeatedly by heat treatments after each rolling process to reach a final foil thickness below 50 μm. In the present work, physical vapor deposition (PVD) by DC magnetron sputtering was used as an alternative way to produce thin (≈ 15 μm) TWIP steel foils. An iron based alloy with 25 mass % manganese, 3 mass % silicon and 3 mass % aluminum was deposited onto 100 μm copper foils. After the deposition process the copper substrate foils were removed by selective etching without affecting the resulting TWIP steel films. Microstructure, phase contents and mechanical properties of the resulting PVD-X5MnAlSi25-3-3 TWIP-steel foils were characterized as a function of post annealing conditions. Additionally, the influence of the roughness of the copper substrate foils on the mechanical properties of the resulting PVD-TWIP steel foils was investigated.
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Alumina Filled Polypropylene Composites Using Injection Molding Process
Authors: Kumar D. , Dangayach G. S. , Rao P. N.
Published: June 2017

In the present study, Polypropylene composites were fabricated by varying different weight percentages (0 to 20%) of alumina powder by using Injection Molding Technique. Then the fabricated composites were characterized by physical characterization such as void content test, chemical characterization such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical characterization such as Shore hardness test, flexural test, compressive strength, Izod impact test, thermo-mechanical characterizations such as Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Thermo-gravimetric analysis and morphological characterizations such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force Microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that the shore hardness values increase up to 25% with the increase in alumina filler up to 20%. The highest flexural strength and flexural modulus achieved are 59.26 MPa and 2126 MPa respectively with 20% filler loading. Further, it was also revealed that the storage modulus of the composites was found to be higher than that of the virgin PP because filler increases the stiffness of the composites. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements indicate that both the initial degradation temperature and end degradation temperature increase with increasing filler content. SEM exhibits that alumina particles were uniformly and finely dispersed though some aggregates and agglomerates are identifiable. AFM results indicate that morphology of alumina in the PP matrix is characterized by a chainlike branched structure.
Mechanical Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane as a Function of the Amount and Type of Crosslinking Agent
Authors: Verheyen F. , Giesen R.-U. , Heim H.-P.
Published: June 2017

In this investigation, a high-consistency rubber (HCR) was mixed with five different, typically used crosslinking agents that are based on organic peroxide. Furthermore, the amount of crosslinking agent was varied in order to quantify the effect on the mechanical properties. All materials were processed in a hot pressing process, and, subsequently, post-cured. The properties were characterized by the measurement of the swelling ratio, shore A-hardness, rebound resilience and tensile test. We successfully proved that the swelling ratio is a suitable indicator for the evaluation of the crosslinking density of silicone rubber. The results show that the crosslinking density increases as the amount of crosslinking agent increases. The hardness, rebound resilience, and stress at 100% elongation increase as the crosslinking agent does. In contrast, the ultimate elongation decreases as the crosslinking density rises. The absolute values depend on the type of crosslinking agent used. The most commonly used crosslinking agent for high-consistency rubber is Di(2.4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide. We were able to verify that there are more possible curing agents based on organic peroxides on the market. Depending on the required properties, customized silicone elastomers could be easily produced.
Numerical Investigation of Effect of Rotor Phase Angle in Partially-Filled Rubber Mixing
Authors: Das S. R. , Poudyal H. , Chandy A. J.
Published: June 2017

Among several operational parameters such as rotor speed, fill factor and ram pressure, the orientation of the mixing rotors with respect to each other plays a significant role in the mixing performance. An understanding of the flow field and mixing characteristics associated with the orientations of the rotors will help in obtaining a final product with a better quality. For that purpose three phase angle orientations: 45°, 90° and 180° are investigated here in a 75% filled chamber with two rotors counter-rotating at an even speed of 20 min–1. Two dimensional, transient, isothermal, incompressible simulations are carried out using a CFD code. While an Eulerian multiphase method was used to solve for the transport variables in the two phases: rubber and air, the volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to solve for the interface between the two phases. A non-Newtonian Carreau-Yasuda model was used to characterize rubber. Massless particles were injected in the domain to calculate statistical quantities in order to assess dispersive and distributive mixing characteristics associated with rotor orientations. The flow field is analyzed via pressure and velocity contours. Dispersive mixing was analyzed through histograms of mixing index and cumulative probability distribution functions of maximum shear stress experienced by the particles. Distributive mixing was quantified statistically using cluster distribution index and interchamber material transfer. The phase angle of 180° was found to perform the best in terms of both dispersive and distributive mixing characteristics.
Analysis of Models Predicting Morphology Transitions in Reactive Twin-Screw Extrusion of Bio-Based Polyester/Polyamide Blends
Authors: Gug J.-I. , Tan B. , Soule J. , Downie M. , Barrington J. , Sobkowicz M. J.
Published: June 2017

Immiscible PLA/PA11 of 80/20 and 50/50 wt% were compatibilized through addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) catalyst in reactive ultra-high speed twin-screw extrusion. Two mixing screw designs were compared for their ability to disperse the PA11 droplets in the PLA matrix as a function of screw speed up to 2000 rpm. The size and polydispersity of droplets of dispersed PA11 decreased when a high shear (HS) screw was used, whereas broad droplet size distribution was produced in the low shear (LS) screw. Two models predicting the droplet size dependence on shear rate, viscosity ratio and interfacial tension were fit to the experimental data. The Serpe model including volume fraction effects produced a better fit compared to the Wu model, which does not include volume fraction effects. Mechanical testing indicated that the compatibility of PLA/PA11 blends was improved through addition of TsOH catalyst for 50/50 wt% blends due to ester – amide exchange reactions at the interfaces in the immiscible PLA and PA11 phases. The enhancement of ductility was greater after processing with the LS screw configuration than the HS screw configuration. The inferior properties after high shear mixing were likely due to molecular weight degradation during processing. While the aggressive shear in the HS screw design resulted in fine dispersion, care should be taken to minimize degradation, especially for shear sensitive polymers.
Film Adaptation, Global Film Techniques and Cross-Cultural Viewing
Authors: Lee Sung-Ae , Tan Fengxia , Stephens John
Published: June 2017

Adaptation is often a transcoding into a different set of conventions, and here we argue that print to film adaptations introduce and depend upon a bundle of conventions and techniques which are already globalised and hence facilitate cross-cultural understanding more than print media might do. Films for children and young adults seldom reach a cross-cultural audience, but we contend that this is a consequence of uni-directional globalisation rather than any barriers constituted by the films themselves. In an analysis of narrative conventions and cinematic techniques in film adaptations from China, South Korea and Japan we show that cinematic features enable boundary crossing and ensure childhood experiences are intelligible cross-culturally. These features are broadly of two kinds: elements of narrative, especially global scripts, and cinematic techniques of cognitive and technical kinds. Scripts, whether of general types such as a children's film structure or cause-and-effect structure, or thematic types such as the triumph of the underdog, are widely recognisable. We examine conceptual metaphors, which are intrinsic to human cognition, the visual strategy of emotional mirroring, and film as a metonymic mode which sustains a deeper significance while requiring minimal decoding activity on the part of viewers and promoting mutual understanding between cultures.
Radical Sensibility in ‘The End’
Authors: Smith Russell
Published: June 2017

This paper offers a historically contextualized reading of what is perhaps the most explicit engagement with radical politics in Beckett's work, the encounter in The End (1946), Beckett's first piece of postwar fiction, between the narrator, a homeless beggar, and a Marxist orator who abuses him as a ‘leftover’ and denounces the charity of the passers-by as a ‘crime’. With reference to Beckett's later rejection of existentialist interpretations of his work with the words ‘I'm no intellectual. All I am is feeling (sensibilité)’, and Theodor Adorno's contemporaneous diagnosis in Minima Moralia (1944–1947) of the ‘barbarism’ of cultural criticism's relentless demand to unmask the material relations enfolded in the notion of sensibility, this paper reads this scene as a parody of the callously unsentimental rhetoric of the Parti Communiste Français and the Sartrean existentialist humanism that was the official philosophy of de Gaulle's Fourth Republic. In particular, the orator's castigation of the protagonist as a leftover (un déchet) can be read as part of a long tradition of Marxist excoriations of the lumpenproletariat—the amorphous class of ne'er-do-wells to which so many of Beckett's postwar protagonists belong—that has a precise historical origin in Marx's Eighteenth Brumaire and its denunciation of the role of la bohème, the ‘scum, offal, refuse of all classes’, in the 1851 counter-revolutionary coup d’état of Louis-Bonaparte. Before 1851, however, the amorphous mass of the destitute and homeless was capable of serving as a figure of revolutionary potential, as Walter Benjamin's study of Baudelaire shows, where it was the ragpicker's ‘obscure state of revolt against society’ rather than the optimism of utopian theorists that inspired Baudelaire to fight on the barricades in the failed uprising of 1848. In its presentation of a confrontation between the callous optimism of political futurity and the contemporary extremes of human suffering, The End stakes an allegiance with the war's ‘leftovers’ that is out of step with the official radical politics of the time.
Approaches to the (Beckett) Archives: Popper, Coetzee, and Scientific Validity
Authors: Uhlmann Anthony
Published: June 2017

This paper concerns the nature of the archive and the kinds of statements that might be drawn from our interaction with the archive. In the first part, Karl Popper's concept of ‘falsifiability’ is examined, particularly insofar as it features in Nabokov criticism (via Brian Boyd) and in Beckett studies (through Matthew Feldman). Falsifiability brings with it the authority of science, which Feldman uses to challenge certain kinds of Beckett-based orthodoxies – such things as the unquestioned centrality of Descartes to the work, and the (perceived) imprecision of theory-driven readings. One of Feldman's key claims, with regard to the archives of Beckett studies, is that Beckett only read and studied philosophy between 1928–1938. But although his argument begins from empirical evidence, it further develops interpretations based on a reading of this evidence. These interpretations thus involve presuppositions with regard to how Beckett might have worked with or attacked ideas otherwise developed by philosophers.

In the second part, a counter-approach to the use of the archive is examined, via the readings that J. M. Coetzee developed in writing his 1969 dissertation, The English Fiction of Samuel Beckett: An Essay in Stylistic Analysis. This example demonstrates both the value and limits of a quantifiable scientific approach to an analysis of the archives (in particular, to Coetzee's use of the methods of stylostatistics) as well as exemplifying how an approach to the archives might generate other benefits (in this case related to Coetzee's own fiction and its extension into the archival space). That is, Coetzee offers different answers to the question of how one might approach the archive and what might thereby be achieved. These answers gave him unquantifiable insights into the writing process and left him with questions he could pursue in his own writings.
From the Editors: De Ethica. A Journal of Philosophical, Theological and Applied Ethics (German)
Authors: Ehnberg Jenny
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
A Puzzle about Obscenity
Authors: Kessler Michael Joel
Published: June 2017

Laws against sexual obscenity rely on a distinction between explicit materials that merely offend and materials that cause something worse than offense. While most offensive content is protected under the banner of freedom of expression, obscenity is not. In this paper I try to locate a distinctive harm in the case of obscenity, that would justify prohibiting this material while permitting other kinds of offensive content. I argue that the best case for laws against obscenity relies on the concept of moral harm. If we rely on Mill’s Harm Principle and moral harm is a real harm, then it could be used to justify the distinction between protected and unprotected sexually explicit speech. I argue this demonstrates a weakness in the Harm Principle as a liberal principle of justice. By giving weight to moral harm, Mill’s principle risks eroding an important distinction between the public and private domains.
Composite Kernel Method for PolSAR Image Classification Based on Polarimetric-Spatial Information
Authors: Wang Xianyuan , Cao Zongjie , Ding Yao , Feng Jilan
Published: June 2017

The composite kernel feature fusion proposed in this paper attempts to solve the problem of classifying polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images. Here, PolSAR images take into account both polarimetric and spatial information. Various polarimetric signatures are collected to form the polarimetric feature space, and the morphological profile (MP) is used for capturing spatial information and constructing the spatial feature space. The main idea is that the composite kernel method encodes diverse information within a new kernel matrix and tunes the contribution of different types of features. A support vector machine (SVM) is used as the classifier for PolSAR images. The proposed approach is tested on a Flevoland PolSAR data set and a San Francisco Bay data set, which are in fine quad-pol mode. For the Flevoland PolSAR data set, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the proposed method, compared with the traditional method, increased from 95.7% to 96.1% and from 0.920 to 0.942, respectively. For the San Francisco Bay data set, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the proposed method increased from 92.6% to 94.4% and from 0.879 to 0.909, respectively. Experimental results verify the benefits of using both polarimetric and spatial information via composite kernel feature fusion for the classification of PolSAR images.
Energy Regeneration Hydraulic System via a Relief Valve with Energy Regeneration Unit
Authors: Lin Tianliang , Chen Qiang , Ren Haoling , Zhao Yi , Miao Cheng , Fu Shengjie , Chen Qihuai
Published: June 2017

Relief valves are widely used in industrial machinery. Due to the outlet of the relief valve being connected to the tank, the pressure drop of the relief valve is frequently equal to the inlet pressure. Accordingly, the energy loss of the relief valve is very high in some cases and this will worsen with an increase in the rated pressure of the hydraulic system. In order to overcome the disadvantage of overflow energy loss in a relief valve, a hydraulic energy regeneration unit (HERU) is connected to the outlet of the relief valve to decrease the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the relief valve. The overflow loss, which is characterized by the pressure drop, can be reduced accordingly. The approach is to convert the overflow energy loss in hydraulic form and allow for release when needed. The configuration and working principle of the relief valve with HERU is introduced in this present study. The mathematical model is established to obtain the factors influencing the stability of the relief valve. The working pressure of the hydraulic accumulator (HA) is explored. Furthermore, the control process of the operating state of the HA is scheduled to decide whether to regenerate the energy via the HERU. The software AMESim is utilized to analyze the performance and characteristics of the relief valve with HERU. Following this, the test rig is built and used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed relief valve with HERU. The experimental results show that the relief valve with the HERU connected to its outlet can still achieve better pressure-regulating characteristics. The energy regeneration efficiency saved by the HA is up to 83.6%, with a higher pre-charge pressure of the HA. This indicates that the proposed structure of the relief valve with HERU can achieve a better performance and higher regeneration efficiency.
Non-Pulse-Leakage 100-kHz Level, High Beam Quality Industrial Grade Nd:YVO4 Picosecond Amplifier
Authors: Bai Zhenao , Bai Zhenxu , Kang Zhijun , Lian Fuqiang , Lin Weiran , Fan Zhongwei
Published: June 2017

A non-pulse-leakage optical fiber pumped 100-kHz level high beam quality Nd:YVO4 picosecond amplifier has been developed. An 80 MHz, 11.5 ps mode-locked picosecond laser is used as the seed with single pulse energy of 1 nJ. By harnessing the double β-BaB2O4 (BBO) crystal Pockels cells in both the pulse picker and regenerative amplifier, the seed pulse leakage of the output is suppressed effectively with an adjustable repetition rate from 200 to 500 kHz. Through one stage traveling-wave amplifier, a maximum output power of 24.5 W is generated corresponding to the injected regenerative amplified power of 9.73 W at 500 kHz. The output pulse duration is 16.9 ps, and the beam quality factor M2 is measured to be 1.25 with near-field roundness higher than 99% at the full output power.
Smartphones as a Light Measurement Tool: Case of Study
Authors: Gutierrez-Martinez Jose-Maria , Castillo-Martinez Ana , Medina-Merodio Jose-Amelio , Aguado-Delgado Juan , Martinez-Herraiz Jose-Javier
Published: June 2017

In recent years, smartphones have become the main computing tool for most of the population, making them an ideal tool in many areas. Most of these smartphones are equipped with cutting-edge hardware on their digital cameras, sensors and processors. For this reason, this paper discusses the possibility of using smartphones as an accessible and accurate tool, focusing on the measurement of light, which is an element that has a high impact on human behavior, which promotes conformance and safety, or alters human physiology when it is inappropriate. To carry out this study, three different ways to measure light through smartphones have been checked: the ambient light sensor, the digital camera and an external Bluetooth luxmeter connected with the smartphone. As a result, the accuracy of these methods has been compared to check if they can be used as accurate measurement tools.
Iridescent Perfect Absorption in Critically-Coupled Acoustic Metamaterials Using the Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Jiménez Noé , Groby Jean-Philippe , Pagneux Vincent , Romero-García Vicent
Published: June 2017

The absorption performance of a locally-reacting acoustic metamaterial under oblique incidence is studied. The metamaterial is composed of a slotted panel, each slit being loaded by an array of Helmholtz resonators. The system is analytically studied using the transfer matrix method, accounting for the viscothermal losses both in the resonator elements and in the slits, allowing the representation of the reflection coefficient in the complex frequency plane. We show that by tuning the geometry of the metamaterial, perfect absorption peaks can be obtained on demand at selected frequencies and different angles of incidence. When tilting the incidence angle, the peaks of perfect absorption are shifted in frequency, producing an acoustic iridescence effect similar to the optic iridescence achieved by incomplete band gap. Effectively, we show that in this kind of locally-reacting metamaterial, perfect and omnidirectional absorption for a given frequency is impossible to achieve because the metamaterial impedance does not depend on the incidence angle (i.e., the impedance is a locally reacting one). The system is interpreted in the complex frequency plane by analysing the trajectories of the zeros of the reflection coefficient. We show that the trajectories of the zeros do not overlap under oblique incidence, preventing the observation of perfect and omnidirectional absorption in locally reacting metamaterials. Moreover, we show that for any locally resonant material, the absorption in diffuse field takes a maximal value of 0.951, which is achieved by a material showing perfect absorption for an incidence angle of 50.34 degrees.
Simulation Investigation on Combustion Characteristics in a Four-Point Lean Direct Injection Combustor with Hydrogen/Air
Authors: Li Jianzhong , Yuan Li , Mongia Hukam
Published: June 2017

To investigate the combustion characteristics in multi-point lean direct injection (LDI) combustors with hydrogen/air, two swirl–venturi 2 × 2 array four-point LDI combustors were designed. The four-point LDI combustor consists of injector assembly, swirl–venturi array and combustion chamber. The injector, swirler and venturi together govern the rapid mixing of hydrogen and air to form the mixture for combustion. Using clockwise swirlers and anticlockwise swirlers, the co-swirling and count-swirling swirler arrays LDI combustors were achieved. Using Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) code for steady-state reacting flow computations, the four-point LDI combustors with hydrogen/air were simulated with an 11 species and 23 lumped reaction steps H2/Air reaction mechanism. The axial velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, total pressure drop coefficient, outlet temperature, mass fraction of OH and emission of pollutant NO of four-point LDI combustors, with different equivalence ratios, are here presented and discussed. As the equivalence ratios increased, the total pressure drop coefficient became higher because of increasing heat loss. Increasing equivalence ratios also corresponded with the rise in outlet temperature of the four-point LDI combustors, as well as an increase in the emission index of NO EINO in the four-point LDI combustors. Along the axial distance, the EINO always increased and was at maximum at the exit of the dump. Along the chamber, the EINO gradually increased, maximizing at the exit of chamber. The total temperature of four-point LDI combustors with different equivalence ratios was identical to the theoretical equilibrium temperature. The EINO was an exponential function of the equivalence ratio.
Experimental Investigations of Composite Adsorbent 13X/CaCl2 on an Adsorption Cooling System
Authors: Zhao Huizhong , Jia Shaolong , Cheng Junfeng , Tang Xianghu , Zhang Min , Yan Haoxin , Ai Wenting
Published: June 2017

A new experimental device which tests the adsorption performance of the 13X/CaCl2 composite adsorbent under vacuum conditions was established. In this device, heat transfer characteristics in the adsorbent bed have a great influence on the adsorbent performance, the temperature of the bottom outside bed is very close to the temperature of the bottom inside bed and the temperature difference between them at the end of heating and cooling are 5.66 °C and 0.303 °C, respectively. The following conclusions could be drawn: the equilibrium water uptake of composite adsorbent CA10X (zeolite 13X impregnated with 10 wt % CaCl2 solution) was increased 5.7% compared with that of 13X, and the water uptake was 0.37 g/g. The composite adsorbent CA10X has a better performance in the adsorption refrigeration system.
The Third Spectrum of Indium: In III
Authors: Swapnil  , Ahmad Tauheed
Published: June 2017

The present investigation reports on the extended study of the third spectrum of indium (In III). This spectrum was previously analyzed in many articles, but, nevertheless, this study represents a significant extension of the previous analyses. The main new contribution is connected to the observation of transitions involving core-excited configurations. Previous data are critically evaluated and in some cases are corrected. The spectra were recorded on 3-m as well as on 10.7-m normal incidence spectrographs using a triggered spark source. Theoretical calculations were made with Cowan’s code. The analysis results in the identifications of 70 spectral lines and determination of 24 new energy levels. In addition, the manuscript represents a compilation of all presently available data on In III.
Hydrogen Storage Characteristics and Corrosion Behavior of Ti24V40Cr34Fe2 Alloy
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Jimoh , Hearth Chown Lesley , Kolawole Odusote Jamiu , Nei Jean , Young Kwo-Hsiung , Taiye Olayinka Woli
Published: June 2017

In this work, we investigated the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure, hydrogen storage characteristics and corrosion rate of a Ti34V40Cr24Fe2 alloy. The arc melted alloy was divided into three samples, two of which were separately quartz-sealed under vacuum and heated to 1000 °C for 1 h; one of these samples was quenched and the other furnace-cooled to ambient temperature. The crystal structures of the samples were studied via X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. Hydrogenation/dehydrogenation characteristics were investigated using a Sievert apparatus. Potentiostat corrosion tests on the alloys were performed using an AutoLab® corrosion test apparatus and electrochemical cell. All samples exhibited a major body-center-cubic (BCC) and some secondary phases. An abundance of Laves phases that were found in the as-cast sample reduced with annealing and disappeared in the quenched sample. Beside suppressing Laves phase, annealing also introduced a Ti-rich phase. The corrosion rate, maximum absorption, and useful capacities increased after both heat treatments. The annealed sample had the highest absorption and reversible capacity. The plateau pressure of the as-cast alloy increased after quenching. The corrosion rate increased from 0.0004 mm/y in the as-cast sample to 0.0009 mm/y after annealing and 0.0017 mm/y after quenching.
Sequence Identification, Recombinant Production, and Analysis of the Self-Assembly of Egg Stalk Silk Proteins from Lacewing Chrysoperla carnea
Authors: Neuenfeldt Martin , Scheibel Thomas
Published: June 2017

Egg stalk silks of the common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea likely comprise at least three different silk proteins. Based on the natural spinning process, it was hypothesized that these proteins self-assemble without shear stress, as adult lacewings do not use a spinneret. To examine this, the first sequence identification and determination of the gene expression profile of several silk proteins and various transcript variants thereof was conducted, and then the three major proteins were recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli encoded by their native complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences. Circular dichroism measurements indicated that the silk proteins in aqueous solutions had a mainly intrinsically disordered structure. The largest silk protein, which we named ChryC1, exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior and self-assembled into fibers or film morphologies, depending on the conditions used. The second silk protein, ChryC2, self-assembled into nanofibrils and subsequently formed hydrogels. Circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed conformational changes of both proteins into beta sheet rich structures upon assembly. ChryC3 did not self-assemble into any morphology under the tested conditions. Thereby, through this work, it could be shown that recombinant lacewing silk proteins can be produced and further used for studying the fiber formation of lacewing egg stalks.
The TVT Glass Pavilion: Theoretical Study on a Highly Transparent Building Made with Long-Spanned TVT Portals Braced with Hybrid Glass-Steel Panels
Authors: Froli Maurizio , Laccone Francesco , Maesano Dario
Published: June 2017

In contemporary buildings, the architectural demand for a complete dematerialisation of load bearing structures can be satisfied only in limited cases with the exclusive structural use of glass. Otherwise, for challenging applications such as long spanned or high-rise structures, the use of hybrid glass-steel systems is mandatory. Glass, fragile but highly compressive resistant, is associated with steel, ductile and tensile resistant. The present research shows the feasibility study for a fully glazed pavilion made of six TVT (Travi Vitree Tensegrity) portal frames longitudinally braced by pre-stressed hybrid glass panels. The frames are about 20 m in span and 8 m in height. Appropriate multiscalar FEM numerical analyses, calibrated on the collapse tests performed on previous TVT large-scale prototypes, stated that the structural performance would be able to withstand heavy static and dynamic loads and stated the observance of the Fail-Safe Design principles.
First Principles Study on Structure Stability and Mechanical Properties of YNi2B2C and LuNi2B2C under Pressure
Authors: Liu Lili , Wu Xiaozhi , Wang Rui , Hu Zhengquan , Jiang Youchang , Liu Dingxing
Published: June 2017

The pressure effects on the lattice parameters and elastic constants of the tetragonal RNi 2 B 2 C (R=Y, Lu) are investigated by means of the first principles. The predicted lattice constants and elastic constants of YNi 2 B 2 C and LuNi 2 B 2 C at 0 GPa agree well with the available data. By the elastic stability criteria under isotropic pressure, it is predicted that YNi 2 B 2 C and LuNi 2 B 2 C with tetragonal structure are not mechanically stable above 93 GPa and 50 GPa, respectively. Pugh’s modulus ratio, Poisson’s ratio, Vickers hardness, elastic anisotropy and Debye temperature of YNi 2 B 2 C in the pressure range of 0–100 GPa and LuNi 2 B 2 C in the pressure range of 0-60 GPa are further investigated. It is shown that the ductility and Debye temperature of tetragonal RNi 2 B 2 C (R=Y, Lu) increase with increasing pressure, and LuNi 2 B 2 C is more ductile and lower Debye temperature than YNi 2 B 2 C under different pressures.
An Information-Spectrum Approach to the Capacity Region of the Interference Channel
Authors: Lin Lei , Ma Xiao , Liang Chulong , Huang Xiujie , Bai Baoming
Published: June 2017

In this paper, a general formula for the capacity region of a general interference channel with two pairs of users is derived, which reveals that the capacity region is the union of a family of rectangles. In the region, each rectangle is determined by a pair of spectral inf-mutual information rates. The presented formula provides us with useful insights into the interference channels in spite of the difficulty of computing it. Specially, when the inputs are discrete, ergodic Markov processes and the channel is stationary memoryless, the formula can be evaluated by the BCJR (Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv) algorithm. Also the formula suggests that considering the structure of the interference processes contributes to obtaining tighter inner bounds than the simplest one (obtained by treating the interference as noise). This is verified numerically by calculating the mutual information rates for Gaussian interference channels with embedded convolutional codes. Moreover, we present a coding scheme to approach the theoretical achievable rate pairs. Numerical results show that the decoding gains can be achieved by considering the structure of the interference.
Bayesian Hierarchical Scale Mixtures of Log-Normal Models for Inference in Reliability with Stochastic Constraint
Authors: Kim Hea-Jung
Published: June 2017

This paper develops Bayesian inference in reliability of a class of scale mixtures of log-normal failure time (SMLNFT) models with stochastic (or uncertain) constraint in their reliability measures. The class is comprehensive and includes existing failure time (FT) models (such as log-normal, log-Cauchy, and log-logistic FT models) as well as new models that are robust in terms of heavy-tailed FT observations. Since classical frequency approaches to reliability analysis based on the SMLNFT model with stochastic constraint are intractable, the Bayesian method is pursued utilizing a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling based approach. This paper introduces a two-stage maximum entropy (MaxEnt) prior, which elicits a priori uncertain constraint and develops Bayesian hierarchical SMLNFT model by using the prior. The paper also proposes an MCMC method for Bayesian inference in the SMLNFT model reliability and calls attention to properties of the MaxEnt prior that are useful for method development. Finally, two data sets are used to illustrate how the proposed methodology works.