bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between psychological symptom ratings and crime in juvenile justice system involved young people
Authors: Hartsell Elizabeth N.
Published: October 2020

Rationale

Prior research has not adequately examined the relationship between psychological state and offending. Limitations include over‐reliance on criminal convictions as the dependent variable, failure to examine a comprehensive set of psychological states, the limited nature of measures and the frequent use of cross‐sectional data that cannot ensure temporal ordering.

Aims

To explore the relationship between five self‐reported psychological states—anxiety, depression, hostility, paranoia and psychoticism—and three types of offending—violent, non‐violent and marijuana use—reported 6 months later in a sample of justice system involved young people.

Methods

Data were acquired from the publicly available Pathways to Desistance dataset, a longitudinal study of 1262 young people (86% male) involved in the criminal justice system. Measures of psychological state were self‐reported using the Brief Symptom Inventory at project entry and self‐report offending measures 6 months later.

Results

No psychological states were significantly associated with reports of marijuana use and depression was not related to offending. Anger and paranoia each predicted an increased variety of violent and non‐violent offending, while anxiety and psychoticism each increased the variety of violent but not non‐violent offending. Clinically significant states on one or more sub‐scales were related to variety of both violent and non‐violent offending.

Implications

These results suggest that early screening of psychological state may help identify young people at risk for offending. Further research might be directed at clarifying the extent of actual disorder and the nature of interventions that would best help not only those with a diagnosable disorder, but also those with aspects of their psychological state which trouble them, but which may not actually amount to disorder.
Versatile Spectroelectrochemical Cell for In Situ Experiments: Development, Applications, and Electrochemical Behavior
Authors: Bott‐Neto José L. , Rodrigues Marta V. F. , Silva Mariana C. , Carneiro‐Neto Evaldo B. , Wosiak Gabriel , Mauricio Junior C. , Pereira Ernesto C. , Figueroa Santiago J. A. , Fernández Pablo S.
Published: October 2020

Invited for this month's cover picture is Prof. Pablo S. Fernández from Campinas Electrochemistry Group (Brazil). The Front Cover shows an electrochemical submarine station, presenting an overly complex and unknown problem at its core. To solve it, researchers have sent three “electroships” equipped with high‐power lasers that emit photons with different energies, to attack the problem using as many weapons as possible. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202000910.
Gold Drugs with {Au(PPh3)}+ Moiety: Advantages and Medicinal Applications
Authors: Stenger‐Smith Jenny R. , Mascharak Pradip K.
Published: October 2020

Following the success of Auranofin as an anti‐arthritic drug, search for novel gold drugs has afforded a large number of [L−Au(PPh3)] complexes that exhibit notable salutary effects. Unlike Au(III)‐containing species, these gold complexes with {Au(PPh3)}+ moiety are stable in biological media and readily exchange L with S‐ and Se‐containing enzymes or proteins. Such exchange leads to rapid reduction of microbial loads or induction of apoptotic cell death at malignant sites. In many cases the lipophilic {Au(PPh3)}+ moiety delivers a desirable toxic L to the specific cellular target in addition to exhibiting its own beneficial activity. Further research and utilization of this synthon in drug design could lead to novel chemotherapeutics for treatment of drug‐resistant pathogens and cancers.
A rare presentation of Erdheim Chester disease in a pediatric patient subsequently cured on the LCH III protocol
Authors: Gupta Aditya Kumar , M Abdul Wajid , Meena Jagdish P. , ArunRaj Sreedharan T. , Mridha Asit , Naranje Priyanka , Kumar Rakesh , Seth Rachna
Published: October 2020

Background

Erdheim Chester disease (ECD) is very rare in pediatrics with no standard treatment guidelines. Here we present the case of a pediatric ECD patient who was cured with a Langerhan cell histiocytosis (LCH) directed chemotherapy protocol.

Aim

The aim of the report was to publish this rare presentation of ECD in pediatrics and highlight the complete response obtained to treatment.

Methods

The details of the patient were extracted by a retrospective review of her clinical records.

Results (Case)

An 11 years old girl presented with fever and bone pain. On investigating she had multiple lytic bony lesions scattered throughout her skeleton. A biopsy from one of the bone lesions confirmed the diagnosis to be ECD. ECD is very rare in pediatrics and this case adds to the existing list of 11 previously reported ones. Also, worth mention is the fact that the child presented with isolated skeletal involvement in form of multiple osteolytic lesions. The child was started on the LCH‐III protocol on which she achieved a cure.

Conclusion

Lytic bone lesions in a child may be present in ECD. A subset of ECD may have good response to LCH like chemotherapy.
The Logarithmic Sobolev Inequality for a Submanifold in Euclidean Space
Authors: Brendle Simon
Published: October 2020

We prove a sharp logarithmic Sobolev inequality that holds for submanifolds in Euclidean space of arbitrary dimension and codimension. Like the Michael‐Simon Sobolev inequality, this inequality includes a term involving the mean curvature. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A hybrid many‐objective optimization algorithm for coal green production problem
Authors: Cui Zhihua , Zhang Jiangjiang
Published: October 2020

The problem of convergence and diversity in the course of population evolution is difficult to be balanced for solving the many‐objective optimization problem (MaOP). To track with the problem, a many‐objective optimization algorithm is designed. In the algorithm, a hybrid selection mechanism under the concurrent integration strategy is built to improve algorithm performance by employing the different selection operators. The concurrent integration strategy can select the suitable operator to balance the convergence and diversity of the solution in the course of the population evolutionary. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the designed algorithm is compared with other five excellent many‐objective algorithms on DTLZ and WFG test problem. What is more, the designed algorithm is applied to solve the coal green production optimization problem. The simulation results show that the performance of designed algorithm is superior to whether the DTLZ and WFG test problem or the application problem.
Smart algorithmic based web crawling and scraping with template autoupdate capabilities
Authors: Qudus Khan Fazal , Tsaramirsis Georgios , Ullah Naimat , Nazmudeen Mohamed , Jan Sadeeq , Ahmad Awais
Published: October 2020

Web scraping is the process of extracting data from web pages and it is an essential part for the generation of datasets. Currently the field is dominated by capable commercial applications, however, there is always a need for web crawling and web scraping applications for custom projects. Developing fit for purpose tools for retrieving and structuring data from web services, cloud systems, and big data is a challenging task. Based on empirical studies, some of the challenges include structural issues, formatting/ presentation, availability, denial of service, size, and information fetching problems with browsers. Additionally, the data become inaccessible after the structure/template of the website changes for example, after the website update. Thus the dataset cannot be updated in the future without manually modifying the parameters of the Web Scraper. In this paper we propose an algorithm capable of autocorrecting the template (web scraping parameters) used for locating the target data and dealing with some common empirical problems. This is very useful in case there is a need for updating the dataset later, as usually, websites tend to change their pages. Moreover, we introduce an implementation of the algorithm via a tool developed for extracting data from the unity asset store. The tool can capture and store data in XML format. The tool extracted a total of 46 785 (40 611 3D and 6174 2D) items, with 35 successful first retries, 11 second retries and 5 fails.
Inducing Experimental Polymicrobial Sepsis by Cecal Ligation and Puncture
Authors: Sjaastad Frances V. , Jensen Isaac J. , Berton Roger R. , Badovinac Vladimir P. , Griffith Thomas S.
Published: October 2020

Numerous models are available for the preclinical study of sepsis, and they fall into one of three general categories: (1) administration of exogenous toxins (e.g., lipopolysaccharide, zymosan), (2) virulent bacterial or viral challenge, and (3) host barrier disruption, e.g., cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP). Of the murine models used to study the pathophysiology of sepsis, CLP combines tissue necrosis and polymicrobial sepsis secondary to autologous fecal leakage, as well as hemodynamic and biochemical responses similar to those seen in septic humans. Further, a transient numerical reduction of multiple immune cell types, followed by development of prolonged immunoparalysis, occurs in CLP‐induced sepsis just as in humans. Use of the CLP model has led to a vast expansion in knowledge regarding the intricate physiological and cellular changes that occur during and after a septic event. This updated article details the steps necessary to perform this survival surgical technique, as well as some of the obstacles that may arise when evaluating the sepsis‐induced changes within the immune system. It also provides representative monoclonal antibody (mAb) panels for multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of the murine immune system in the septic host. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Cecal ligation and puncture in the mouse
Age‐related remodelling of the blood immunological portrait and the local tumor immune response in patients with luminal breast cancer
Authors: Berben Lieze , Floris Giuseppe , Kenis Cindy , Dalmasso Bruna , Smeets Ann , Vos Hanne , Neven Patrick , Antoranz Martinez Asier , Laenen Annouschka , Wildiers Hans , Hatse Sigrid
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Aging is associated with altered immune function and chronic low‐grade inflammation, referred to as immunosenescence. As breast cancer is an age‐related disease, the impact of aging on tumor immune responses may have important consequences. However, effects of immunosenescence on breast tumor immune infiltration remain largely unknown.

Methods

This exploratory study investigated a broad panel of immune/senescence markers in peripheral blood and in the tumor microenvironment of young, middle‐aged and old patients diagnosed with early invasive luminal (hormone‐sensitive, HER2‐negative) breast cancer. In the old group, G8‐scores were computed as a correlate for clinical frailty.

Results

Significant age‐related changes in plasma levels of several inflammatory mediators (IL‐1α, IP‐10, IL‐8, MCP‐1, CRP), immune checkpoint markers (Gal‐9, sCD25, TIM‐3, PD‐L1), IGF‐1 and circulating miRs (miR‐18a, miR‐19b, miR‐20, miR‐155, miR‐195 and miR‐326) were observed. Shifts were observed in distinct peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations, particularly naive CD8+ T‐cells. At the tumor level, aging was associated with lower total lymphocytic infiltration, together with decreased abundance of several immune cell markers, especially CD8. The relative fractions of cell subsets in the immune infiltrate were also altered. Clinical frailty was associated with higher frequencies of exhausted/senescent (CD27−CD28− and/or CD57+) terminally differentiated CD8+ cells in the blood and with increased tumor infiltration by FOXP3+ cells.

Conclusion

Aging and frailty are associated with profound changes of the blood and tumor immune profile in luminal breast cancer, pointing to a different interplay between tumor cells, immune cells and inflammatory mediators at higher age.
BRD4 regulates self‐renewal ability and tumorigenicity of glioma‐initiating cells by enrichment in the Notch1 promoter region
Authors: Tao Zhennan , Li Xuetao , Wang Hao , Chen Guangliang , Feng Zibin , Wu Yue , Yin Haoran , Zhao Guozheng , Deng Zhitong , Zhao Chaohui , Li Yanyan , Sun Ting , Zhou Youxin
Published: October 2020

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins are considered to be epigenetic readers that regulate gene expression by recognizing acetyl lysine residues on histones and nonhistone chromatin factors and have been classified as curative targets for a variety of cancers. Glioma‐initiating cells (GICs), which commit self‐renewal, perpetual proliferation, multidirectional differentiation, and vigorous tumorigenicity, sustain the peculiar genetic and epigenetic diversification in the GBM patients, thus, GICs result in tumor recurrence. Abundant evidence demonstrates that BET proteins regulate differentiation of stem cells. However, it endures ambiguous how individual BET proteins take part in GIC advancement, and how do small molecule inhibitors like I‐BET151 target functional autonomous BET proteins. Here, we validated that BRD4, not BRD2 or BRD3, has value in targeted glioma therapy. We announce a signaling pathway concerning BRD4 and Notch1 that sustains the self‐renewal of GICs. Moreover, in‐depth mechanistic research showed that BRD4 was concentrated at the promoter region of Notch1 and may be involved in the process of tumor metabolism. Furthermore, in intracranial models, I‐BET151 eliminated U87 GICs’ tumorigenicity. The outcomes of this research could be conducive to design clinical trials for treatment of glioma based on BRD4.
Improving transgene expression and CRISPR‐Cas9 efficiency with molecular engineering‐based molecules
Authors: Zhan Hengji , Ding Mengting , Zhou Qun , Li Aolin , Cai Zhiming , Huang Weiren , Liu Yuchen
Published: October 2020

As a novel and robust gene‐editing tool, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR‐Cas9) system has revolutionized gene therapy. Plasmid vector delivery is the most commonly used method for integrating the CRISPR‐Cas9 system into cells. However, such foreign cytosolic DNAs trigger an innate immune response (IIR) within cells, which can hinder gene editing by inhibiting transgene expression. Although some small molecules have been shown to avoid the action of IIR on plasmids, they only work on a single target and may also affect cell viability. A genetic approach that works at a comprehensive level for manipulating IIR is still lacking. Here, we designed and constructed several artificial nucleic acid molecules (ANAMs), which are combinations of aptamers binding to two key players of IIR (β‐catenin and NF‐κB). ANAMs strongly inhibited the IIR in cells, thus improving transgene expression. We also used ANAMs to improve the gene‐editing efficiency of the CRISPR‐Cas9 system and its derivatives, thus enhancing the apoptosis of cancer cells induced by CRISPR‐Cas9. ANAMs can be valuable tools for improving transgene expression and gene editing in mammalian cells.
Artificial oral fluid characterisation: Potential for use as a reference matrix in drug testing
Authors: Gavrilović Ivana , Musenga Alessandro , Cowan David , Woffendin Alison , Smart Andrew , Gong Fan , Harding Duncan , Wolff Kim
Published: October 2020

Quality assurance schemes for drug‐screening programmes require access to large quantities of biological matrices for reference or control samples. This presents problems when the availability of a matrix, such as oral fluid (OF) for screening or for confirmatory purposes, limits the collection of large volumes. In such cases, synthetic alternatives of OF may provide a solution. The preparation of an artificial (synthetic) oral fluid (AOF) was conducted by dissolving its components (salts, surfactant, antimicrobial agent and mucin) in water. We characterised the physical properties of AOF to determine its suitability as a matrix for quality assurance purposes. The evaluation of pH, specific gravity (SG), conductivity (mS cm−1), freezing point depression (°C), light‐scattering and kinematic viscosity (mm2 s−1) showed AOF to be a stable, reliable matrix. Synthetic OF was prepared using components (mucin, surfactants and so on) obtained from different suppliers and a comparison was performed. Our results suggest that AOF is a feasible matrix for the preparation of quality assurance samples for confirmatory or drug screening programmes.
Acceptability and tolerability of a meal‐based, rapid refeeding, behavioral weight restoration protocol for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Guarda Angela S. , Cooper Marita , Pletch Allisyn , Laddaran Lori , Redgrave Graham W. , Schreyer Colleen C.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Safe, tolerable, effective approaches to weight restoration are needed for adults with anorexia nervosa (AN). We examined weight outcomes and patient satisfaction with an integrated, inpatient‐partial hospitalization, meal‐based behavioral program that rapidly weight restores a majority of patients.

Method

Consecutively discharged inpatients (N = 149) treated on weight gain protocol completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing treatment satisfaction at inpatient discharge. Responders (107/149) rated their satisfaction with program components, feeling included in treatment, and likelihood of returning, or recommending the program to others. Clinical and demographic data were abstracted by chart review on all cases.

Results

Over 70% of adult patients met BMI≥19 kg/m2 by program discharge. Mean inpatient rate of gain was 1.85 kg/week (SD = 0.89). A majority (83.2%) would recommend the program to others and 71.4% endorsed a willingness to return if needed. The behavioral treatment focus was rated highly by 82.9% of respondents and was the strongest predictor of likelihood of referring others.

Discussion

Results indicate a behaviorally focused, integrated, meal‐based specialty program for eating disorders that includes rapid weight gain is acceptable to most participants. Data have implications for quality care, outcome reporting, and cost‐effectiveness of inpatient behavioral weight restoration programs for individuals with AN.
Consequences of multiple imputation of missing standard deviations and sample sizes in meta‐analysis
Authors: Kambach Stephan , Bruelheide Helge , Gerstner Katharina , Gurevitch Jessica , Beckmann Michael , Seppelt Ralf
Published: October 2020

Meta‐analyses often encounter studies with incompletely reported variance measures (e.g., standard deviation values) or sample sizes, both needed to conduct weighted meta‐analyses. Here, we first present a systematic literature survey on the frequency and treatment of missing data in published ecological meta‐analyses showing that the majority of meta‐analyses encountered incompletely reported studies. We then simulated meta‐analysis data sets to investigate the performance of 14 options to treat or impute missing SDs and/or SSs. Performance was thereby assessed using results from fully informed weighted analyses on (hypothetically) complete data sets. We show that the omission of incompletely reported studies is not a viable solution. Unweighted and sample size‐based variance approximation can yield unbiased grand means if effect sizes are independent of their corresponding SDs and SSs. The performance of different imputation methods depends on the structure of the meta‐analysis data set, especially in the case of correlated effect sizes and standard deviations or sample sizes. In a best‐case scenario, which assumes that SDs and/or SSs are both missing at random and are unrelated to effect sizes, our simulations show that the imputation of up to 90% of missing data still yields grand means and confidence intervals that are similar to those obtained with fully informed weighted analyses. We conclude that multiple imputation of missing variance measures and sample sizes could help overcome the problem of incompletely reported primary studies, not only in the field of ecological meta‐analyses. Still, caution must be exercised in consideration of potential correlations and pattern of missingness.
YIMBY—Yes, In My BackYard!—The successful transition to a local online ecology field course
Authors: McKinnon Laura
Published: October 2020

Field biology courses provide the ultimate experiential education as students discover the links between theory and practice in ecology and evolution directly in nature. During the spring and summer of 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic led to the cancelation of face‐to‐face classes in almost every university in Canada. Whereas traditional university courses were mostly transferred online, the online transition for field biology courses was not so common. Here, I provide an account of a successful transition from traditional field biology course to an online “backyard biology” field course with a small class size of 10 students. While the online field course may not provide the same level of interpersonal benefits of the traditional field course experience, the model outlined here demonstrates that an online field course that incorporates direct experience with the natural environment is possible and should no longer be considered an oxymoron.
Driving force controller considering lateral slip based on brush model for traction control of independent‐four‐wheel‐drive electric vehicle
Authors: Fuse Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Hiroshi
Published: October 2020

As one of the motion control methods of electric vehicles (EVs), a driving force controller (DFC) with a slip ratio limiter has been proposed. The conventional controller has a slip ratio limiter for safety reasons, but it does not consider the lateral slip of the tire during cornering. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a DFC with a variable slip ratio limiter based on brush model. The experimental results show that the proposed controller can work on both acceleration and deceleration cornering, by increasing the lateral force and lateral acceleration for smoother cornering.
Anti‐EGFR antibody‐drug conjugate for triple‐negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Si Yingnan , Xu Yuanxin , Guan JiaShiung , Chen Kai , Kim Seulhee , Yang Eddy S. , Zhou Lufang , Liu Xiaoguang Margaret
Published: October 2020

Triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly aggressive, metastatic and recurrent. Cytotoxic chemotherapies with limited clinical benefits and severe side effects are the standard therapeutic strategies, but, to date, there is no efficacious targeted therapy. Literature and our data showed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed on TNBC cell surface and is a promising oncological target. The objective of this study was to develop an antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) to target EGFR+ TNBC and deliver high‐potency drug. First, we constructed an ADC by conjugating anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibody with mertansine which inhibits microtubule assembly via linker Sulfo‐SMCC. Second, we confirmed the TNBC‐targeting specificity of anti‐EGFR ADC by evaluating its surface binding and internalization in MDA‐MB‐468 cells and targeting to TNBC xenograft in subcutaneous mouse mode. The live‐cell and live‐animal imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy and In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) confirmed the TNBC‐targeting. Finally, both in vitro toxicity assay and in vivo anti‐cancer efficacy study in TNBC xenograft models showed that the constructed ADC significantly inhibited TNBC growth, and the pharmacokinetics study indicated its high circulation stability. This study indicated that the anti‐EGFR ADC has a great potential to against TNBC.
ProtÉdge: A few‐shot ensemble learning approach to software‐defined networking‐assisted edge security
Authors: Demirpolat Ahmed , Sarica Alper Kaan , Angin Pelin
Published: October 2020

The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has had a significant impact on our lives through many use cases including smart farming, smart homes, and smart healthcare among others. Due to the capacity‐constrained nature of many IoT devices, edge computing has become a significant aid for IoT, replacing cloud computing to support the extremely low latency requirements. With the number of smart devices growing exponentially, the large attack surface created by these devices is concerning. Software‐defined networking (SDN) based architectures come to the rescue of edge‐assisted IoT environments to achieve enhanced security, and they strongly rely on intelligent decision‐making capabilities to act upon the high volume of traffic they control. Machine learning‐based intelligence is already utilized by these systems with successful results when abundant training data are available; however, most algorithms fail in the lack of sufficient training data. In this article, we propose ProtÉdge, an SDN‐based intelligent security architecture for edge‐assisted IoT networks, which utilizes a few‐shot learning classifier, namely prototypical networks, for highly accurate detection of intrusions. We evaluate the performance of the proposed model with the Bot‐IoT data set consisting of real‐world IoT network flows, as well as an SDN data set modeling an edge‐assisted IoT environment and the UNSW‐NB15 data set, and show that the proposed model achieves significantly better performance than state‐of‐the‐art models in the absence of large amounts of sample attacks. The proposed architecture is promising to achieve intelligent security in future's ubiquitous edge‐enabled IoT with its low processing overhead and high intrusion detection accuracy.
Experimental investigation into the influence of ignition location on flame spread and heat release rates of polyurethane foam slabs
Authors: Wilkens Flecknoe‐Brown Konrad , van Hees Patrick
Published: October 2020

This study presents the results from a set of 11 large‐scale open fire tests performed on flexible polyurethane foam slabs/mattresses. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the ignition location on the fire behaviour of the foam slabs and to generate data on a highly characterised material that could be used for modelling work in the future. A method for obtaining spatially resolved flame spread data for this type of material was presented using a gridded array of 5 × 10 thermocouples placed on the underside the foam slab and from this, flame spread was examined using three different approaches. The heat release rate (HRR) results showed clear shapes forming that were dependent on the ignition location, with two distinct behaviours being observed between the various different ignition locations, this was also observed in the calculated flame spread rate (FSR) data. Results within an individual test, showed the calculated range of FSRs over the geometry of the slab varied between approximately 1 and 8 mm/s depending on the ignition location. The average FSR values between tests varied between 3 and 7 mm/s and the maximum and minimum values were calculated to be approximately 11 and 2 mm/s respectively.
Erneuerung Kuckuckslay Tunnel – Aktuelle Erfahrungen beim Einsatz der Tunnel‐im‐Tunnel‐Methode
Authors: Vetter Stefan , Galli Mario , Steiner Peter
Published: October 2020

The 450‐metre long Kuckuckslay Tunnel is a double track railway tunnel dating from 1871. It is located in Germany on the line between Trier and Cologne along the river Kyll. Since its commissioning, the tunnel is a non‐electrified line and has undergone only a few refurbishing measures. In 2018, a joint venture was commissioned to refurbish the Kuckuckslay Tunnel. During a 2.5‐year construction period, the Kuckuckslay Tunnel will be expanded using conventional tunnelling and provided with a new concrete lining. The so‐called ‘Tunnel‐im‐Tunnel‐Methode' would be used for the expansion, during which rail traffic could be maintained. In this case, the loading gauge of the railway in the area of the tunnelling work would be protected by a mobile construction rig. The Kuckuckslay Tunnel construction project offered a particular challenge due to the severely limited space inside and outside the tunnel, as well as the environmental conditions within a protected area. This article describes how these challenges were implemented and gives an overview of the state of work, as well as technical solutions and experience from the work completed.
Semmering Base Tunnel – Tunnelling in challenging geotechnical and geological conditions in major fault zones
Authors: Holzer Robert , Prall Karoline , Wagner Oliver Kai , Gobiet Gerhard
Published: October 2020

One of the major fault zones in the Semmering area runs along the Auebach Valley. In this fault zone a combination of soft fault rocks and water bearing hard rocks led to extremely challenging conditions in the design and execution of the tunnel. In difficult conditions, overlapping exploratory drillings in front of tunnel drive are essential to improve the geological‐hydrogeological model and to assess geotechnical risks. However, in the encountered geological‐hydrogeological conditions, the well‐established exploratory drilling methods reached their limits. Despite the ongoing risk analysis, a very large‐scale water and ground inflow with subsequent tunnel face collapse and development of a sinkhole on the surface occurred during the tunnelling. This paper describes the causes of the incident and the development of procedures to cope with the problem. In addition to the geological‐geotechnical analyses, the article also discusses the limitations of geotechnical surveillance in complex heterogeneous rock masses.
Beschreibung der Festigkeit von Fels unter echten triaxialen Bedingungen mit der Grenzbedingung nach Mogi‐Coulomb
Authors: Kosmann Benedikt , Perau Eugen
Published: October 2020

Durch Untersuchungen von Fels unter echten triaxialen Bedingungen kann der Einfluss der mittleren Hauptspannung auf das Versagen gezeigt werden. Für numerische Berechnungen von Tunneln und Bohrlöchern, bei denen die mittlere und kleinste Hauptspannung nicht identisch sind, wären Grenzbedingungen vorteilhaft, die den Einfluss der mittleren Hauptspannung berücksichtigen. Mit der in den Sonderfällen triaxialer Extension und Kompression mit Mohr‐Coulomb identischen Grenzbedingung nach Mogi‐Coulomb kann dieser Einfluss berücksichtigt werden. Um echte triaxiale Grenzzustände besser abbilden zu können, wird in diesem Aufsatz die modifizierte Grenzbedingung nach Mogi‐Coulomb untersucht, in der die Grenzbedingungen nach von Mises, Drucker‐Prager und Mohr‐Coulomb als Spezialfälle enthalten sind. Um Anwendungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen, werden der Ursprung, die Fließfläche im Spannungsraum, der Einfluss der Parameter, die Konvexität und die Parametergewinnung aus Laborversuchen behandelt.
Attendance for diagnostic colposcopy among high‐risk human papillomavirus positive women in a Brazilian feasibility study
Authors: Buss Lewis F. , Levi José E. , Longatto‐Filho Adhemar , Cohen Diane D. , Cury Lise , Martins Toni R. , Fuza Luiz M. , Villa Luisa L. , Eluf‐Neto José
Published: October 2020

Objective

To investigate factors associated with colposcopy attendance in HPV‐positive women in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods

We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of women positive for high‐risk HPV (hr‐HPV) undergoing cervical cancer screening in primary care services in São Paulo, Brazil. Non‐pregnant women attending routine screening between December 2014 and March 2016 were offered an hr‐HPV test, and those testing positive and aged 25 years or older were invited for colposcopy. Sociodemographic information was recorded at study enrollment. We compared variables between women who did and did not attend colposcopy within a logistic regression framework.

Results

Of 1537 hr‐HPV‐positive women, 1235 (80.4%) attended for colposcopy, with a median time from primary test to colposcopy of 132 days. Younger age (P<0.001) and concurrent negative cytology results (P=0.025) were associated with lower attendance. Women registered at units providing both the primary test and colposcopy were more likely to attend than those at units making external referrals (788/862 [91.4%] versus 447/675 [66.2%], P<0.001).

Conclusion

Non‐attendance for colposcopy may limit the success of future screening programs based on hr‐HPV testing in Brazil. Transfer of colposcopy services to primary care is a simple and effective facilitator of attendance.
The impact of a segregated team roster on obstetric and gynecology services in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Mahey Reeta , Sharma Aparna , Kumari Archana , Kachhawa Garima , Gupta Monica , Meena Jyoti , Bhatla Neerja
Published: October 2020

Objective

To determine the impact of roster reorganization on ensuring uninterrupted services while providing necessary relief to healthcare workers (HCW) in the obstetrics department of a tertiary care center amid the COVID‐19 outbreak.

Methods

The COVID‐19 rostering response began in April 2020 and evolved in two phases: (1) development of new areas for screening and managing suspected/positive cases of COVID‐19; and (2) team segregation according to area of work. The impact of these changes on HCWs and patients was assessed 3 months later.

Results

Developing separate areas helped to minimize the risk of exposure of patients and HCWs to those with COVID‐19. Residents and consultants worked intensively in clinical areas for 1 week followed by 1–2 weeks of non‐clinical or standby assignments, providing adequate opportunity for isolation. Frequent re‐evaluation of the roster was nevertheless required as the pandemic progressed. Segregating teams vertically significantly reduced the number of contacts identified on contact tracing and quarantine leaves, while maintaining patient satisfaction with no increase in adverse events. Residents found the roster to be “smart” and “pandemic‐appropriate.”

Conclusion

The “COVID emergency roster” helped ensure quality care with minimum risk of exposure and sufficient breaks for physical and psychological recovery of HCWs.
Dangerous shortage of blood banks as an indirect effect of SARS‐CoV‐2: An obstetrics perspective
Authors: Nieto‐Calvache Albaro J. , Quintero‐Santacruz Marcela , Macia‐Mejía Carmenza , López‐Girón María C. , Vergara‐Galliadi Lina M. , Ariza Fredy
Published: October 2020

Objective

To describe the impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on the frequency of blood donation (BD) in a Latin American hospital and how the social isolation policy implemented during the pandemic jeopardizes the quality of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) care due to shortages at blood banks (BB).

Methods

A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted, lasting for 31 months, including the start of the pandemic. Frequency of BD and the use of obstetric emergency services was observed.

Results

A direct relationship was observed between the pandemic and a decrease in BD. Although emergency obstetric visits decreased, the frequency of deliveries and cases of PPH remained unchanged. After applying strategies to promote voluntary BD, a very slight increase was observed in the frequency of BD, with a negative indicator persisting between donation and blood demand.

Conclusion

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has led to shortages at BBs. In this context, typical measures to encourage an altruistic attitude toward BD have not had a significant impact. As causes of PPH continue, quality of care may be affected by the current situation at BBs. Governments and institutions must implement new strategies to motivate BD.
Gestational trophoblastic disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection: A 10‐year retrospective analysis of patients from the Free State Province, South Africa
Authors: Goedhals Jacqueline , Joubert Gina , Sherriff Alicia , Theron Magda
Published: October 2020

Synopsis

HIV positivity has been postulated to be a poor prognostic factor in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. This study supported this hypothesis and also determined that HIV‐positive patients are more likely to have metastatic disease.
Lymphatic embolization for the management of symptomatic pelvic lymphocele after radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection: Report of two cases
Authors: Schneider Gregoire , Ourfali Said , Rouviere Olivier , Pagnoux Gaele , Colombel Marc
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Pelvic lymphocele is the most common complication of pelvic lymph node dissection after radical prostatectomy. Management of symptomatic pelvic lymphocele begins with percutaneous drainage, followed by sclerotherapy or surgical marsupialization and more recently, lymphatic embolization. In this article, we show the feasibility and results of two lymphatic embolization after prostatectomy with lymph node dissection.

Case presentation

We decided to perform lymphatic embolization in two patients with persistent symptomatic pelvic lymphocele, after percutaneous drainage. This was done through inguinal lymph node puncture using Lipiodol and N‐butyl cyanoacrylate glue injection. Drainage removal was done on the day after the procedure and clinical recovery was maintained at follow‐up visits, 3 and 4 months later, in both patients. Computed tomography at 6 and 10 weeks after embolization showed the disappearance of the lymphocele.

Conclusion

Our two case reports support the promising results of lymphatic embolization in this pathology.
A novel improved crow‐search algorithm to classify the severity in digital mammograms
Authors: Sannasi Chakravarthy S R , Rajaguru Harikumar
Published: October 2020

The survival rates of breast cancer are going up due to the emerging increase in its screening and diagnosis methods. However, breast cancer is yet the most intrusive disease found in women. Many techniques are emerging during recent years for the investigation of breast cancer using imaging modalities. The paper intends to categorize the severity present in the digital mammography images as either benign (B) or malignant (M) using an improved crow‐search optimization algorithm (ImCSOA). In the literature, the CSOA is generally used for solving several feature selection and numerical optimization problems. The objective is to utilize this popular optimization algorithm for the problem of biomedical image classification. However, if this algorithm is applied directly to classification problems, then it will result in poor classification of data. Hence, the original CSO (OCSO) algorithm undergoes suitable enhancements using a novel controlled parameter tuning, control operator and chaotic‐maps‐based controlled randomness. Four distinct chaotic maps are used for controlling the randomness in the OCSO algorithm. The mammogram images are obtained from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society and Digital Database for Screening Mammography data sets for the evaluation. The classification is accomplished through discrete wavelet transform‐based statistical features that are extracted at two levels [level 4 (L4) and level 6 (L6)] of decomposition. For both data sets, the ImCSOA with L4 and L6 decomposed bior4.4 wavelet features provides the maximum accuracy of around 85% to 86%, which is approximately 62% to 88% better than the OCSO algorithm with L4 and L6 decomposed bior4.4 wavelet features.
Photobiomodulation therapy drives massive epigenetic histone modifications, stem cells mobilization and accelerated epithelial healing
Authors: Martins Manoela D. , Silveira Felipe Martins , Martins Marco A. T. , Almeida Luciana O. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. , Squarize Cristiane H. , Castilho Rogerio M.
Published: October 2020

Emerging evidence indicates the clinical benefits of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the management of skin and mucosal wounds. Here, we decided to explore the effects of different regiments of PBMT on epithelial cells and stem cells, and the potential implications over the epigenetic circuitry during healing. Scratch‐wound migration, immunofluorescence (anti‐acetyl‐Histone H3, anti‐acetyl‐CBP/p300 and anti‐BMI1), nuclear morphometry and western blotting (anti‐Phospho‐S6, anti‐methyl‐CpG binding domain protein 2 [MBD2]) were performed. Epithelial stem cells were identified by the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymatic levels and sphere‐forming assay. We observed that PBMT‐induced accelerated epithelial migration and chromatin relaxation along with increased levels of histones acetylation, the transcription cofactors CBP/p300 and mammalian target of rapamycin. We further observed a reduction of the transcription repression‐associated protein MBD2 and a reduced number of epithelial stem cells and spheres. In this study, we showed that PBMT could induce epigenetic modifications of epithelial cells and control stem cell fate, leading to an accelerated healing phenotype.
Measurement of two‐photon properties of indocyanine green in water and human plasma excited at the 1700‐nm window
Authors: Deng Xiangquan , He Chen , Cheng Hui , Li Jia , Lu Yuan , Qiu Ping , Wang Ke
Published: October 2020

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a human compatible dye and is ideal for deep‐tissue two‐photon fluorescence (2PF) microscopy excited at the 1700‐nm window in vivo. However, the two‐photon excitation and emission properties of this dye remain unknown. Here we demonstrate measurement of the two‐photon excitation and emission properties of ICG in both water and human plasma, using home‐built two‐photon action cross‐sectional measurement and two‐photon emission spectrum measurement systems. Our results show that excited from 1600 to 1800 nm, 2PF can be generated from ICG dissolved in both water and human plasma. The measured two‐photon action cross‐sectional ησ2 of ICG dissolved in human plasma is an order‐of‐magnitude larger than that dissolved in water. The measured two‐photon emission spectrum overlaps with the one‐photon emission spectrum for ICG dissolved in both human plasma and water. Our results will provide key two‐photon parameters for the clinical use of ICG.
Fluorescence lifetime metabolic mapping of hypoxia‐induced damage in pancreatic pseudo‐islets
Authors: Zbinden Aline , Carvajal Berrio Daniel A. , Urbanczyk Max , Layland Shannon L. , Bosch Mariella , Fliri Sandro , Lu Chuan‐en , Jeyagaran Abiramy , Loskill Peter , Duffy Garry P. , Schenke‐Layland Katja
Published: October 2020

Pancreatic islet isolation from donor pancreases is an essential step for the transplantation of insulin‐secreting β‐cells as a therapy to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus. This process however damages islet basement membranes, which can lead to islet dysfunction or death. Posttransplantation, islets are further stressed by a hypoxic environment and immune reactions that cause poor engraftment and graft failure. The current standards to assess islet quality before transplantation are destructive procedures, performed on a small islet population that does not reflect the heterogeneity of large isolated islet batches. In this study, we incorporated fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) into a pancreas‐on‐chip system to establish a protocol to noninvasively assess the viability and functionality of pancreatic β‐cells in a three‐dimensional in vitro model (= pseudo‐islets). We demonstrate how (pre‐) hypoxic β‐cell‐composed pseudo‐islets can be discriminated from healthy functional pseudo‐islets according to their FLIM‐based metabolic profiles. The use of FLIM during the pretransplantation pancreatic islet selection process has the potential to improve the outcome of β‐cell islet transplantation.
Illuminating inequality in access: Variation in enrollment in undergraduate engineering programs across Virginia's high schools
Authors: Knight David B. , Grohs Jacob R. , Bradburn Isabel S. , Kinoshita Timothy J. , Vaziri Stacey , M. Matusovich Holly , Carrico Cheryl
Published: October 2020

Background

Determining the root causes of persistent underrepresentation of different subpopulations in engineering remains a continued challenge. Because place‐based variation of resource distribution is not random and because school and community contexts influence high school outcomes, considering variation across those contexts should be paramount in broadening participation research.

Purpose/Hypothesis

This study takes a macroscopic systems view of engineering enrollments to understand variation across one state's public high school rates of engineering matriculation.

Design/Method

This study uses a dataset from the Virginia Longitudinal Data System that includes all students who completed high school from a Virginia public school from 2007 to 2014 (N = 685,429). We explore geographic variation in four‐year undergraduate engineering enrollment as a function of gender, race/ethnicity, and economically disadvantaged status. Additionally, we investigate the relationship between characteristics of the high school and community contexts and undergraduate engineering enrollment across Virginia's high schools using regression analysis.

Results

Our findings illuminate inequality in enrollment in engineering programs at four‐year institutions across high schools by gender, race, and socioeconomic status (and the intersections among those demographics). Different high schools have different engineering enrollment rates among students who attend four‐year postsecondary institutions. We show strong associations between high schools' engineering enrollment rates and four‐year institution enrollment rates as well as moderate associations for high schools' community socioeconomic status.

Conclusions

Strong systemic forces need to be overcome to broaden participation in engineering. We demonstrate the insights that state longitudinal data systems can illuminate in engineering education research.
The COVID‐19 BreastScreen Department – beyond the pandemic
Authors: Spuur Kelly Maree
Published: October 2020

The first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia forced a temporary closure of BreastScreen Australia services. Now reopened, the BreastScreen experience has been redefined for both staff and clients and the journey to the ‘new BreastScreen normal’ is continually evolving in response to the ongoing threat of COVID‐19 and government directives on health policy. Many changes mirror those undertaken in the wider community and emphasise wellness to attend, hygiene and social distancing. Importantly, radiographers have been identified as having a high‐risk role and have had to modify positioning techniques and cleaning regimes accordingly. Beyond the pandemic, the ‘new normal’ needs to be one which enables well women to continue screening with a visible sense of reassurance that all that can be done is being done to ensure the safe and continued early detection of breast cancer.