bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’État au tournant
Authors: Rosanvallon Pierre
Published: January 2024

Turning Points for State. There should be no illusions as to the new image of an efficient and inexpensive State. If State must be better managed, it cannot be reduced to a management problem (even if it shows itself to be seriously handicapped in this area in relation to other organizations). Behind the word ‘state’, we should differentiate between four different constructs in the state-society relation : the regalian state, the State as social institutor, the welfare state, and the state as economic regulator. Certain notions, such as the proprietary state, the ‘super-manager’ state and the omniscient state, are being phased out in the East and West. It should be noted that the basic regulatory functions will survive these upheavals. Thus state as economic manager will disappear, making way for the traditional political state.
Les leçons des privatisations britanniques ou les dilemmes de l’État libéral
Authors: Wright Vincent
Published: January 2024

The Lessons of British Privatization or the Dilemmas of Liberal State. Four main strategies have been mobilized by the Conservatives to reduce and define the role of the State in the economy : greater autonomy, deregulation, marketisation, and privatization. This global policy to redefine the boundary between State and market conceals some contradictions. The British State has certainly altered its relations with the market economy, but in a very complex fashion : withdrawal and distancing in some sectors, more indirect interventionism in a few sectors, and more thorough in others.
L’évolution de la notion de crise et de sa gestion
Authors: Martin Michel-Louis
Published: January 2024

The Development of the Notion of Crisis and Crisis Management

Long considered to be a rupture in the international political balance, crises hâve been handled as opportunities to consolidate this balance ever since the blocs collapsed. In this changing world, France’s crisis management has developed considerably. Its military intervention is now concentrated on rapid and efficient action in a sphere of influence corresponding to its previous colonial empire, enabling it to restore the general equilibrium.
La négociation des décisions communautaires par les fonctionnaires nationaux : les groupes de travail du Conseil
Authors: Gonzalez-Sanchez Enrique
Published: January 2024

Council Negotiations at Working Party Level

Debates within the Council take place on three different levels : working parties, Committee of Permanent Représentatives, and in the Council itself. Discussions at working party level are of considérable importance because agreement on the contents of Commission proposais is reached at this level. This is always in terms of consensus and not of majority decision because the formai adoption of EC decisions takes place at ministerial level.
Dans les coulisses du Parlement européen : neuf langues et trois procédures
Authors: Gómez de Enterriá Carmen
Published: January 2024

The European Parliament behind the Stage :

Nine Languages and Three Procedures

380,000 translated pages, 245,000 printed pages in the nine Community languages, are the total number of official documents of the European Parliament for 1991. In this context, the management problems inherent to the production of parliamentary documents should be analyzed according to the needs of an institution undergoing a slow but constant development process. These needs have increasingly conditioned management methods, in particular with regard to the presentation and the volume of documents.
Peut-on évaluer le rôle des ombudsmans ?
Authors: Moore Victor
Published: January 2024

Assessing the Ombudsman’s Role.

The independence of the Ombudsman from other State organs, and extensive powers to investigate complaints, explain the extension of the institution in the recent years. However, the lack of common standards makes comparisons in the citizens’ use of the ombudsman very difficult. Many factors (degree of publicity, informality of access procedures, public’s perception of the value the institution to redress grievances...) influence the variations in the number of complaints. Two main issues arise. Firstly it can be questioned whether the System is used by those who need the greatest help. Secondly the value of the Ombudsman to initiate legal and administrative reform should not be overestimated.
Le Fiscal general de la Repûblica au Venezuela
Authors: Arocha Hernandez Francisco
Published: January 2024

The Fiscal general de la República in Venezuela.

The Fiscal general de la República which has been created by the Constitution of 1961, is the highest authority in Public Prosecution responsible for ensuring that the Constitution and the law are respected throughout the Republic. Since 1989, this independent institution has been transformed with a view to the concept of the Ombudsman. The section for citizen’s protection is tending towards extending the Fiscal’s jurisdiction to non judicial control of the administration, human rights protection and the development of citizens’s rights.
Nouvelles réflexions sur les rapports du droit et de l’équité
Authors: Braibant Guy
Published: January 2024

Some New Reflections on the Relation between Law and Equitable Decision-Making.

Equitable Decision-Making is, first of ail, an abstract, philosophic concept. It is the basis of law and ail law is, or should be, an expression of the equitable as it is perceived by society at a given place and moment. More concretely, it is a reference, which appears intermittently, albeit decreasingly in positive law where it functions as a secondary source of law. Last, equitable decision-making operates on occasion as a circumstantial corrective to the law, explicitly as well as in practice. In this role, the Mediator, along with other institutions, has an advisory power, but has also the capacity for equitable settlement of litigations. This latter type of intervention can only be exceptional so as not to destabilize the administration and discredit the legal System.
L’an III du mécénat au Japon
Authors: Nemoto Chôbei
Published: January 2024

Year III of Private Sponsoring in Japan.

Since February 1990, private sponsoring has developed with the création of «Kigyô - Mécénat - Kyôgikai», in a country where it appears as a challenge to the commercialization of culture. After a short period in the middle ages where there have been examples of big art patrons, Japan quickly drifted into exagerated westemizing in industry. Yet Japanese soul lived further behind the curtains. The development of this new partnership should enable to bridge the gap between artists and industry, even if the economie context is a difficult one.
Le financement de la culture en période de récession. Réflexions à propos de l’Amérique latine
Authors: Saravia Enrique Jerónimo
Published: January 2024

Financing Culture in Recession Times. Some Reflections about Latin America.

In Latin America, State aid is still the most current way of financing culture. But in times of recession and of scarce public resources, classical action - such as waging funds, participation of public banks, tax exemptions or deductions - are not any more enough. This leads to the search of other financing sources, especially in the private sector, with cultural producers and the public. In a depressed economic context, the question is whether cultural self-management will not be the last means of survival and of reinforcement of cultural identity.
Droit et évaluation
Authors: Costa Jean-Paul
Published: January 2024

Law and Evaluation.

Law and evaluation are closely linked, contrary to appearances. There is a real - if not desirable - interlink as well at the ex ante stage of decisionmaking, action or policy analysis as at the ex post stage. If important legal elements are put aside in prior evaluation, it can only lead to errors, possibly litigation, and compromise the financial and social success of a project. In the same way, the attitude of judges, especially those of administrative courts, shows that they take more and more evaluation into account in their legal reasoning. The evaluators have not yet developped as much the attitude of taking law into account, but this can be explained by the relatively recent growth of evaluation.
Au cœur du processus : le rôle de l’instance d’évaluation
Authors: Lamarque Danièle
Published: January 2024

The Position and Role of the Evaluation Authority in the Evaluating Process.

Evaluation must be undertaken collectively, because at each stage it needs the intervention of a plurality of actors without which it is not possible to ensure reliability of expertise and independance of thought. To implement these principles a steering group is needed, in order to monitor the process and to ensure work coherence. This is the role given to the evaluation authority In this light, the evaluation authority details objectives, defines the methodology, directs the work and formulates conclusions. As an essential mainspring of the evaluating process, the evaluation authority is a locus of reformulation for traditional modes of analyzing public activity.
Autonomie et carrière — Le statut des fonctions publiques parlementaires
Authors: Moreau Bernard
Published: January 2024

Autonomy and Career System The Status of Parliamentary Assemblies’ officials.

Contemporary democratic regimes have felt the necessity of granting a specific status to the officials of parliamentary assemblies in order to guarantee their independence from the executive. The legal regulations applying to these officials rely on very different sources : constitutions, general or specific Acts of Parliament or the internal regulations of assemblies. It is possible to wonder whether the existence of a status which establishes a specific link between officials and their administration is not putting a brake on external mobility, in contradiction with the objectives of training and career development. In-service training and training courses outside are only a partial answer to this problem.
L’administration du Bundestag
Authors: Zeh Wolfgang
Published: January 2024

The Bundestag’s Administration.

Strictly speaking, the Bundestag’s administration consists of about 2 400 officials. It has the same legal status as for instance a federal ministry : that of a supreme federal authority. The main characteristics of its organization derive from the internal structures of the Bundestag. This organizational scheme is comparable to that of federal ministerial departments and a series of other authorities. The purpose is to get a clear repartition of missions and tasks, in order to allow for a broad delegation of responsibilities to the lowest level subdivisions.
Prospective de l’encadrement public
Authors: Cieutat Bernard
Published: January 2024

Prospectives of Public Managers

The uneasiness frequently expressed by public service managers is evidently shown by a real deterioration of their material situation but equally expresses a crisis of adaptation whose reasons are not only economie. It is these reasons that are important to note, by putting them in a medium and long term perspective. The first tasks carried out in this direction by the Directorate for general administration and civil service have brought to light numerous problems that explain a widespread wish of great reforms on recruitment, training, career and remuneration of State managers. It equally clears itself of the evolutions and tendances which allow specifying the public sector domain in the years to come.
La place des services publics dans la politique de la ville
Authors: Le Clainche Michel
Published: January 2024

The Role of Public Services in Urban Policy

Improving public services is a very important issue for inhabitants of suburbs. Public services are only weakly present in housing estates. They usually are antennas or annexes, held by "exiled" officials. This serious lack of public services is diminishing the State’s legitimacy. A quantitative effort of settling public services in housing estates is certainly necessary, but it has to be accompanied by a strengthening of the officials’ role and status, and be inserted in a global approach of urban policy : promotion of urban districts, officials’ citizenship, reconstruction of solidarity links.
La relance du «gouvernement métropolitain» en Europe : le prototype de Stuttgart
Authors: Hoffmann-Martinot Vincent
Published: January 2024

Relaunching Metropolitan Government in Europe : the Stuttgart Prototype

The Act of 7 February 1994 on "the reinforcement of cooperation in the Stuttgart region" has established a new institution for the management of local affairs : the "regional Stuttgart community" which groups 179 municipalities around. The originality of this institution lies as well in the historical, social, economic and political conditions of the town as in its structures -direct election, new geographical and material competences -and in the legal and financial means it can use to ensure its mission of regional planing. This institution appears as a compromise between different schools of local management. Only experience will show it is an example, and in the long range, a clear evidence of the evolution European countries are undergoing, or if it remains an exception linked to Stuttgart’s particular context.
L’information du secteur public : le secret, la transparence et le commerce
Authors: Burkert Herbert
Published: January 2024

Public Sector Information : Secrecy, Transparency, Commodity

While public sector information policies vary between two basic poles, the “frugal” and the “opulent” one, legal development in North-America and Western Europe has gone through three phases : the crisis of secrecy and the auxiliary role of information ; the technological crisis and administrative information as a power resource ; the economic crisis of the public sector and administrative information as a commodity. Against the noise of public policy debates, the silence of administrative and constitutional law doctrine is surprising. At this stage a normative reconstruction is necessary. In the meanwhile some contradictory trends should be considered : as we observe in the area of telecommunications the privatization of public sector may well lead to a “publification” of the private sector.
Un excès de scrupule ?
Authors: Delarue Jean-Marie
Published: January 2024

An excess of scruples ?

The National Commission for Liberties and Informatics (CNIL) recently regulated the use of data of the general population census by a series of proceedings. The Commission scrupulously Controls the modes of any transfer of anonymous data and forbids any transfer of data which are agregated at a too low level, because of the risk of incrementing name data banks. This broad control is an unnecessary addition to legal guarantees about statistical investigations and the use of enquiry documents. Furthermore this is a hindrance to government's social actions (for instance the urban policy) which necessitate reliable and detailed data as a basis for a policy which respects the diversity of situations. The notion of general interest should be integrated to the criteria for data dissemination.
Le codéveloppement durable
Authors: Fried Jean José
Published: January 2024

Sustainable Codevelopment.

The implementation of sustainable development concepts revealed the absence of a real conceptual thinking concerning them. The sustainable development can be defined as a viable development, manageable, self-kept, which will continue in the future and able to reproduce itself. The State is at the center of this process, which also needs international cooperation as an engine. The methodology followed has to be the one of sustainable development. It puts the emphasizes collective work, complementarity between competences and experiences, multidirectional transfer, and it guarantees in the same time the responsibility for each State concerning its own development. The three functions of sustainable codevelopment are : the analysis and the evaluation of the experiences, the elaboration of a development process, the practical formation of the necessary competences.
Faut-il réformer notre État ? Exigences et leviers de changement
Authors: Picq Jean
Published: January 2024

Should the State be Reformed ? : Requirements and Levers of Change.

Any analysis of the French society convinces one of the urgent necessity to reform the State. In fact, even more than reform, it has become imperative to enact a permanent process of reflection and of adapting the State to its missions and environment, as well as to respond to changes brought on by globalization, the European Union, decentralization, and the weakening of traditional social links. Proposals for each of these points constitute the foundation of the search for the control of new infra and supra-national public spaces.
Les volontés du savoir : transformations de la régulation du système hospitalier
Authors: Moisdon Jean-Claude , Engel François , Kletz Frédéric
Published: January 2024

The Force of Knowledge : Transformation in the Regulation of the Hospital Sector

Recent transformations in the regulation of the hospital sector are analysed in accordance with a political model which attaches supreme importance to the «knowledges» to which the different protagonists lay claim and which they use strategically. In the light of the dynamics of these knowledges this analysis reveals the unpredictability of the new knowledges, a multiplication of the actors concerned, some of whom are not part of the administration, and finally the administration’s orientation towards a management perspective which nevertheless remains attached to the public service of hospital medicine.
Le cadre constitutionnel
Authors: Badura Peter
Published: January 2024

The Constitutional Framework.

The Constitution provides for a strict separation between the federal administration and that of the Länder : there is no institutional or hierarchical link between these two levels. Competence in the field of administrative organisation, which is granted by the Constitution to the federal government, is to be interpreted restrictively, according to the principle that any important decision concerning the organisation of public administration requires intervention by the legislature. Administrative action is bound by the principle of legality. The Constitution and the constitutions of the Länder set out the principles which guide the operation of the civil service.
La naissance de «l’» enseignement privé
Authors: Toulemonde Bernard
Published: January 2024

The Birth of “the” Private Education.

Since 1959 the relationship between State and private education has undergone profound changes. These changes have their origin in sociological, institutional and legal phenomena. Private education has come to be regarded as an organisation ; it has become so like State education that its activities do not differ significantly from those of State education ; pupils’ parents use private education less as a way of ensuring a Christian education than because they think it offers a better chance of success, both educational and social, for their children.
Portrait du diplomate canadien au troisième millénaire
Authors: Juneau Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2024

Developments on the national and international scenes have brought about profound changes to the diplomatic service in Canada. In future the accent will be placed upon trimming down structures and on maximising the use of new technologies. The objective sought is a growth in efficiency without, however, sacrificing the spirit of solidarity which, up until now, has ensured the cohesion of Canadian diplomacy.
L’administration des sommets de l’État en France
Authors: Oberdorff Henri
Published: January 2024

In France administration at the highest level of State mirrors the French System of government which rests upon the duality of the executive. The administration surrounding the presidency of the Republic is made up of a stream-lined body of administrative staff whose influence depends upon that of the President of the Republic himself. In times when the presidential and parliamentary majorities are in harmony influence is great, but it becomes considerably reduced when a presidential majority exists alongside a parliamentary majority of a different orientation. On the other hand, the Prime Minister’s entourage is far more developed and allows the Prime Minister to intervene more directly in governmental activity and in that of central administrative bodies.
L’expérience japonaise et les réformes de l’État en Asie
Authors: Faure Guy
Published: January 2024

The Japanese Experience and State Reforms in Asia.

Might the economic crisis which is affecting Eastern Asia be the catalyst for a radical and rapid transformation of the State and method of governance in this region of the world ? In the cases of South Korea, Thailand and Indonesia reforms are necessary as a result of the urgency of the situation and are subject to constraints imposed by the IMF. Other countries had started upon a reform strategy well before 1997. This is the case of Japan, whose situation is exemplary for several reasons. From a historical perspective, this country paved the way for reforms. The Japanese action programme offers a wide panorama of structural and functional reforms. The effect of the economic crisis seems to be fully playing its role in accelerating the process in hand. However, will the Japanese experience retain its relevance as a reference for institutional changes in Asia, just as it did in the past in relation to methods of economic development ? Without being able to respond to this question with any certainty, given that certain Asian programmes are hardly yet off the ground, it is worth noting a degree of convergence in all these reform projects.
Du code au cyber-code. Peut-on simplifier le droit ?
Authors: Bourcier Danièle , Catta Élisabeth
Published: January 2024

From Code to Cyber-code : Can One Simplify law ?

Given the abundance and the complexity of legal texts, a debate is opening up as to the necessary means for making rules of law more accessible. Among the different techniques under scrutiny, codification is often presented as the most efficient means to simplify, clarity and rationalise law. The difficulties of this task make information technology an indispensable ally. Nevertheless any project of simplification brings with it its own paradoxes. This is particularly so when it comes to legal codification. Hence the development of a real public service for the provision of legal information seems necessary in order to facilitate both the task of those charged with codification and also that of those people seeking to use the law.
Le contrôle de l’administration : du common law à la constitutionnalisation du contrôle de l’action administrative
Authors: Corder Hugh
Published: January 2024

Judicial Review of Administrative Action From Common Law to the Constitution.

The courts are more and more inclined to review any action of public authorities. This development is commensurate with the permanent widening of the public sphere. A series of recent decisions bears testimony to a wider application of fundamental legal principles which have in the past been neglected because of apartheid. For the moment it is essentially the task of the courts to review administrative action. Other procedures remain to be developed or improved. Constitutional reform has provided the constitutional basis for judicial review of administrative action, but legislation is still necessary in order to clarify the principle.
La politisation des fonctionnaires en France : obstacle ou nécessite ?
Authors: Rouban Luc
Published: January 2024

Civil Servants Politicisation in France : Obstacle or Necessity ?

The administrative question is today, once more, a political question of prime importance. In this respect, it is appropriate to measure the distance which will henceforth separate us from the technocratic republic or from the power of the state which appear to have characterised the Fifth Republic so far. The public sector is feeling the effects of politicisation, which makes a wholesale reform impossible. Equally impossible is, however, a variable geometry of public administration which would open up the field to disputes.
Administration et politique en Finlande. D’une élite aristocratique à un réseau issu des classes moyennes
Authors: Virtanen Turo
Published: January 2024

Bureaucracy and Politics in Finland : From an Aristocratic Elite to Middle Class Policy Network.

Up until the end of the 19th century, the civil service was in the hands of an aristocratic elite. Russian domination, followed by independence, called the aristocratic privileges into question by introducing new criteria as regards qualifications for access to the civil service. This development has been characterised by the increase in overall cohesion of the civil service. Furthermore, the evolution of the economic climate has reduced politicians' margin for manoeuvre and the powers of bureaucracy have as a result been reinforced.
L’échec, condition de survie
Authors: Seibel Wolfgang
Published: January 2024

Successful Failure. An Alternative View on Organizational Coping.

The article paper argues that a relevant theory has to explain why resources can be continuously mobilized despite permanent failure. The phenomenon of low-performance-high-persistence organizations can be explained by the failure of those in charge of the organization to enforce their prerogatives in running the organization. Due to the fact that non-profit institutions are relatively remote from both fiscal auditing and public attention, they provide a stable environment for successful failure. Ideologies help reconcile them with their interests in failure rather than with efficient performance.
La carotte et le bâton... de dynamite. Le programme travailliste de modernisation du Local Government.
Authors: Game Chris
Published: January 2024

Carrots and Semtex. New Labour's Modernisation Agenda for British

Local Government

The New Labour's modernisation agenda resembles a politics of semtex and carrots. The resources offered by the state are done so in a conditional manner : local authorities must, under threat of sanction, show themselves willing to undertake modernisation in the way prescribed by the government. The invitation to enter into dialogue is a purely formal one : in reality it is a question of choice between modernising or disappearing altogether. As for the recompense for those local councils which submit, it consists of a much awaited reform of local finances, the content of which remains ill defined however.
Réflexions sur l’indépendance des organes publics
Authors: Hertzog Robert
Published: January 2024

Reflections upon the Independence of Public Bodies.

Control over public finances is very revealing of changes affecting our political systems because it provides a terrain, which is particularly apt in demonstrating certain aspects of these changes. Public power, which has greatly increased, essentially in favour of the government, has pursued a policy of rationalisation. This requires new formulations of the separation of powers not only concerning the normative and legal functions of the state, but also its entrepreneurial activities regarding management and control. The granting of an independent status for certain authorities is unfailingly justified by the specific nature of the function exercised. It is noteworthy that the improvements, which it is necessary to make to the controlling bodies, such as ensuring their independence, represent characteristics, which traditionally belong to the judiciary.
L’aventure de la réforme administrative est aussi une affaire de professionnalisme
Authors: Thoenig Jean-Claude
Published: January 2024

The Adventure of Administrative Reform is about Professionalism too.

Professionalism, which is indispensable to the success of administrative reform, implies a savoir-faire based upon knowledge of the particular context in which one wishes to act. It is not simply a question of seeking internal efficiency – and this is a particularity of the public sector – but also an external effectiveness which is akin to a form of management of public policies. To these two requirements must be added that of the legitimacy of the public sector, and a reconciliation of the three must, therefore, be sought.
Les syndicats de policiers et le rôle de la police
Authors: Deleplace Bernard , Ventre André-Michel , Renaudie Olivier
Published: January 2024

Police Trade-Unions and the Role of the Police.

A member and a former member of police trade-unions are questioned about their vision of the police and its evolution. They give their view of police trade-unionism, its role and its weaknesses, notably a certain resistance to change. The two officers questioned plead for the development of local policing. They contrast their pragmatic vision with the often too theoretical apprehension of administrative officers.
Convertir les citoyens à une nouvelle monnaie : l'euro [Le passage à l’euro vu des citoyens (ou convertir les Français à une nouvelle monnaie)]
Authors: Le Clainche Michel
Published: January 2024

The Move to the Euro From the Citizens’ Viewpoint (or Converting the French to a New Currency) ; The création of a single currency is in the process of réalisation. Its technical success must be accompanied by a commitment of European citizens to the new currency : the Euro. In order to bring this about numerous awareness campaigns hâve been, and are going to be, undertaken in order to raise awareness and understanding of the Euro, but also in order to develop its practical operation with a view to 1 January 2002 the date by which only the euro will be legal tender. The difficulty of this type of mission is the multiplicity of people targeted and the diversity of their modes of behaviour.
Responsabilité démocratique et indépendance de la banque centrale : la banque centrale européenne dans une perspective historique et comparative
Authors: Elgie Robert
Published: January 2024

Democratie Accountability and the Independence of the European Central Bank in an Historical and Comparative Perspective ; Employing a form of methodology which permits the evaluation of the independence of central banks, the comparison of the evolution of the central banks in Britain and in France since the 17th century locates the main focus of debate on the issue of democratie accountability. The application of this method to the European Central Bank, and a comparison with the British and French banks leads to a democratie deficit being identifiable within the European institution. Since a reform of the ECB’s regulations does not appear timely, it is rather by way of a modification of its modes of operation that this weakness may be remedied.
L’administration française face à l’Europe : l’exemple de la coopération policière et judiciaire
Authors: Lacave Matthieu
Published: January 2024

French Administration and Europe : the Example of Police and Judicial coopération ; The third pillar of the Treaty on European Union is dedicated to co-operation in justice and home affairs. Before the Treaty of Amsterdam, the decision-making process within this third pillar remained at intergovemmental level. In negotiations preeminence was given to representatives of the ministries of justice and home affairs to the detriment of those departments concemed with social affairs. The Foreign Office has been called upon to play an increasing role but the balance of its achievements is mitigated. In order to limit the number of conflicts arising between the different ministries, the role of the SGCI, an inter-ministerial body charged with administrative co-ordination of Community policies, has been reinforced.
La coordination nationale des politiques européennes - le bourbier de la négociation
Authors: Wright Vincent
Published: January 2024

The National Co-ordination of European Policy-making Negociating the Quagmire ; The co-ordination of European policy poses major problems for member States. The need for constant decision-making, conflicts between sectorial interests, the web of power networks and interests, agenda changes, the fluctuation of members, the overlap of legislative and executive powers and indecisive procedures are among the variables which State administrations are badly prepared to manage. Two levels of co-ordination exist — national and community. At the national level Systems of co-ordination vary enormously from one country to another. At the community level, co-ordination is carried out for ail countries by permanent représentatives. But internai conflicts are reflected at European level.
La modernisation : historique, bilan et perspectives
Authors: Farell Cubillas Arsenio
Published: January 2024

The Modernisation History, Assessment and Prospects.

The modernisation process of Mexican public administration is framed within a five-year programme running from 1995-2000. Before the introduction of this systematic programme a number of careful but limited actions had been undertaken which did not bring about coherent reform across the whole territory. The program entitled ‘The Modernisation of Public Administration 1995-2000’ has enabled clear objectives for action to be established and has put into place the necessary structures for carrying out the concrete action plans decided upon by each part of the administration be it at the federal, state or local level. This initial exercise has allowed for further development and amplification of the modernisation movement making use of concrete data and pursuing objectives such as decentralisation and deconcentration, professionalisation, citizen involvement and transparency in purchasing and recruitment procedures.
Totems et tabous : le corps préfectoral, l’État et le secteur public
Authors: Kerrouche Eric
Published: January 2024

Totems and Taboos : the Prefectoral Body, the State and the Public Sector

Eric Kerrouche

Definitions of the State given by French prefects and under-prefects reveal the omnipresence of an institution, the aims of which are broadly interpreted : the State is an institution which protects, defends and ensures a harmonious society. The State is a force able to impose itself whenever the notion of the public sector cornes into play, even if prefects are also called to take into account the idea of the private sector. The result is that prefects employ a modemist discourse, underlining the archaic, if not the weighty, nature of the administration, while still defending its human and egalitarian dimension.
Le sport dans les relations internationales
Authors: Gautrat Patrick
Published: January 2024

Sport in International Relations.

The growing universality of sport has made the role of international relations in this area more and more important. The real significance of having recourse to international relations as an instrument of diplomatic action is, however, very variable, in the same way as is its influence on the relations between States and their peoples. With the emergence of policies of cooperation and development aids, sport has been considered an important area for their application. The diversity of actors who take part in these policies has led State administrations to set up new partnerships in order to take their policy on sport forward, in particular with the extremely powerful sporting organisations such as the International Olympic Committee.
La réforme administrative, élément clé de la réforme pénitentiaire dans les Républiques post-soviétiques
Authors: Olejnik Anton N.
Published: January 2024

Administrative Reform — a Key Factor in Prison Reform in the Post-Soviet Republics

While the post-soviet Republics have become democratised, the same cannot be said of their penitentiary Systems. State totalitarianism has in fact been substituted by an administrative totalitarianism with prison personnel playing the role in principle attributed to the State and exercising a badly supervised authority over prisoners. Hence, it is only administrative reform which will enable democratie values to enter the prisons of the post-soviet Republics.
La fusion de l’ENA et de l’IIAP, un nouvel élan pour la coopération internationale de la France
Authors: Bechtel Marie-Françoise
Published: January 2024

The ENA-IIAP Merger, a Boost to French International Cooperation

Though rivalry undoubtedly existed between the ENA and the IIAP as to their respective roles, it was minimal at the time the two institutions merged. Thus, rather than as the resuit of a battle won by one or the other institution, this merger might be explained as stemming from historical reasons combined with the need for administrative rationalization, which involved the restructuring of ENA so as to integrate the IIAP’s spécifie input. Restructuring was carried out along three main thèmes — basic training, career development and research, international relations — aiming to give France an efficient instrument for administrative coopération.
Acteurs privés : le cas des cabinets d’avocats d’affaires
Authors: Durupty Michel
Published: January 2024

Private Actors : the Case of Law Offices Specialized in Corporate Law

It is extremely difficult for private actors to get access to the market and once there, they still have to confront the problems involved in project management. The author illustrates his point thanks to his own experience working on PHARE and TACIS projects. From his point of view, the expertise of French law offices is essential to increase the prestige of French law worldwide and ensure the transfer of French administrative methods and institutional framework abroad.
Ácido indolbutírico no enraizamento de palma forrageira
Authors: Barbosa Amanda Daniele Cardoso , Lima Joana D'ark Nunes da Silva , De Souza Débora Ferreira , Silva Mickaelly Jordanya Guimarães , Gomes Izabela Cristina Pires , Souza Joseane Faria da Silva , Silveira Elizangela Kele Celestina Pereira , Londe Luciana Cardoso Nogueira
Published: January 2024

A palma forrageira é uma espécie de grande importância socioeconômica, amplamente destacada pelo potencial como forrageira em regiões semiáridas sendo utilizada como ração na alimentação do gado. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito das concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento in vitro de genótipos de palma forrageira. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais - EPAMIG, EPAMIG Norte. Os tratamentos foram organizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 6 em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, combinando três genótipos de palma forrageira IPA-200016, IPA 100003 e IPA 200149 com seis concentrações distintas do hormônio sintético AIB, totalizando 18 tratamentos com seis repetições, constituída de quatro explantes cada repetição. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: comprimento das raízes (mm), comprimento do cladódio (mm), diâmetro do cladódio (mm) número de raízes, números de brotos, contaminação, vitrificação, calos e oxidação fenólica. Foi realizado análise de variância (Anava) e, quando significativo as medias foram comparadas pelo teste de Turkey ao nível de 5% de significância. As variáveis qualitativas foram tiradas a porcentagem de presença da variável nos tratamentos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as concentrações de 0,4, e 0,6 mg de AIB foram   no enraizamento de explantes de palma forrageira. Sendo que a maior concentração utilizada proporcionou efeito inibitório.
Motivación personal de los docentes de las escuelas normales del sur del estado
Authors: Félix Misael Enríquez , Rosas Piedad Magdalena Félix , Torres Cira María Pérez , González Diana Plavlova Parra , Valenzuela Isaías Peña , Tuyub Félix Jonathan Díaz , Gaxiola Luis Ignacio Riosmena , Palomares Manuel Héctor García
Published: January 2024

El presente estudio se realizó en tres instituciones del Centro Regional de Formación Profesional Docente de Sonora, para conocer la relación entre la Motivación y la Preparación académica, para ello se aplicó el instrumento de motivación. Los datos fueron procesados en el paquete estadístico SPSS utilizando la prueba de r de Pearson para comprobar la Hi: a mayor motivación mejor preparación académica. Respecto a la pregunta ¿Influye de manera significativa la Motivación personal en la preparación académica del docente de las escuelas normales?, generando el análisis una respuesta positiva, de esta manera se coincide con el estudio de Hernández (2006), donde la desmotivación tiene consecuencias en lo individual que se refleja en la baja productividad. Si la motivación influye en la preparación académica las EN requieren de reformas sustanciales orientadas a la mejora de las condiciones laborales de los docentes.
Desenvolvimento de bancada experimental para avaliação em regime transiente de gerador termoelétrico de exaustão automotiva
Authors: Barbosa Júnior Cleiton Rubens Formiga , Dos Santos Carlos Antônio Cabral , Barbosa Cleiton Rubens Formiga , Da Silva Júnior Edilson Marinho , De França Ricardo Luiz Vieira
Published: January 2024

O gerador termoelétrico de exaustão automotiva (TEGea) para recuperação da energia dos gases de exaustão é um dispositivo ambientalmente sustentável que tem sido investigado intensamente nas últimas décadas. Nesta pesquisa foi desenvolvido uma bancada experimental instrumentada para avaliação da performance de gerador termoelétrico de exaustão automotiva em regime transiente. O aparato experimental compreende uma seção de propulsão de ar, uma seção de aquecimento do ar e uma seção de conversão termoelétrica com trocador de calor, módulos termoelétricos e dissipador de calor refrigerado por líquido. Controles eletrônicos de vazão e aquecimento do ar foram desenvolvidos na plataforma Arduino para reproduzir a variação de energia térmica dos gases de exaustão de um motor de combustão interna. A vazão e temperatura do fluido de arrefecimento dos módulos termoelétricos são controlados por um chiller. Sensores de temperatura, tensão e corrente elétrica foram instalados estrategicamente para monitoramento e aquisição de dados. A automação da bancada experimental permite estabelecer o regime transiente e a reprodução de testes do gerador termoelétrico de exaustão automotiva (TEGea) de modo igual, sem a interferência do operador, aumentando o nível de confiabilidade dos resultados obtidos.
Remoção de militar por interesse próprio: um estudo das normas paranaenses relacionadas ao tema
Authors: Lima João Vitor Bezerra
Published: January 2024

Já são diversos os casos de militares paranaenses que tem conseguido, através de ações judiciais, a concessão de remoções motivadas por interesses particulares, mesmo após negativas bem fundamentadas por parte da Administração Pública. Isso é reflexo de defeitos nas normas que regulamentam o tema no âmbito do Paraná e de sua Polícia Militar. Trata-se de mais um assunto dentro da área de Gestão de Efetivo, a qual o Planejamento Estratégico PMPR 2022-2035 aponta como sendo um dos principais pontos a serem melhorados na instituição. O presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico e documental, com enfoque qualitativo, realizada com o intuito servir de supedâneo para a proposição de atualizações e melhorias das normas existentes. Tais melhorias são necessárias para que a Administração da Polícia Militar do Paraná possa ter controle otimizado sobre seu efetivo, garantindo a sua distribuição conforme a necessidade do serviço e não baseada em interesses particulares.
A importância de um portfólio de avaliações e atividades na construção do ensino por competências na disciplina de física para alunos ingressantes no curso de engenharia
Authors: Stem Nair , Mattasoglio Neto Octávio , Cutri Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

Neste trabalho, é discutida a importância de manter uma variedade de tipos de avaliação e atribuição. Além disso, os seres humanos apresentam diferentes formas de aprendizagem, está provado que para aprender novo conceito e alcançar a memória de longo prazo é necessário rever periodicamente, como mostrado pela curva de esquecimento de Ebbinghaus. Focando em Física 1 os autores propuseram atribuições formativas como testes online, tutoriais e vídeos usando h5p, estudos de caso, relatórios periódicos curtos e mini testes (individuais, face a face e sem consulta). Enquanto isso, as tarefas resumidas tinham dois tipos diferentes: a) dois exames no final do semestre (presencial, individual e sem consulta) e b) apresentação de projetos realizados em grupo. Os relatos curtos e projetos dos alunos foram avaliados por meio de rubricas. A percepção dos estudantes foi registrada por uma pesquisa não-identificada em formulários do Google mostrando que a aceitação do resumo foi satisfatória. Em particular, os alunos afirmaram que o laboratório de Física (relatórios curtos e projetos) permitiu-lhes desenvolver as competências previstas visualizadas pela DCN: modelagem matemática, medições, gráficos de interpretação, apresentação oral, e assim por diante. Os minitestes e os questionários on-line os ajudaram a manter o ritmo de estudo e a autoavaliar o andamento antes dos exames. Uma clara evidência desse avanço foi mostrada quando comparados o primeiro exame ao substituto, onde as notas médias aumentaram de 3,3 para 5,0, corroborando a necessidade de promover atividades de revisão periódica dos conceitos de aprendizagem. A análise profunda da média de atividades e da média do exame usando software de mineração de dados laranja mostrou que os fatores determinantes são os exames, e raramente um aluno consegue recuperar a média depois de falhar no primeiro exame e no segundo exame, provavelmente devido ao curto tempo entre o segundo exame e o exame substitutivo.
Cash Management in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic at Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Akhmadi Muhammad Heru , Aldimasqi Lalu Muhammad
Published: January 2024

This study aims to explore regional treasury management in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses qualitative methods through library research and field research to manage cash availability, optimization, and control at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Data analysis uses the Atlas.ti application to get codes, categories, and network diagrams. The result shows that effective and efficient cash management is closely related to the presence of a cash management system. Several internal and external constraints challenge the Government in managing cash. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the external obstacles that has become the Government's primary concern over the past three years. The Government has maintained financial system stability through responsive and adaptive management of the state budget through a cash management system that can retain cash availability and optimize state/regional cash. Maintaining cash management performance during force majeure conditions, such as during COVID-19, is essential in maintaining the availability of state/regional cash to finance government spending.
NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS IMPLEMENTATION IN CHURCH
Authors: Janie Dyah N. A. , Yulianti Yulianti
Published: January 2024

This research was conducted in a church as a nonprofit organization operating in the religious field. This study aimed to analyze the application of PSAK No. 45 in financial reporting in a church. This study uses a descriptive qualitative analysis method, which is a study that describes and compares data obtained by observation, interviews, and documentation and analyzes using triangulation techniques. Informant research is based on the principle of appropriateness and adequacy. The basis of the principle of informants in this study was three people. The results showed that the adoption of PSAK No. 45 regarding the financial reporting of nonprofit organizations in the church is not appropriate because the reporting by the church has only been carried out as a whole, not as detailed in PSAK No. 45 regarding the financial reporting of nonprofit organizations.