bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Active Reading to Active Dialogue
Authors: Xin Cindy , Glass Geoffrey , Feenberg Andrew , Bures Eva , Abrami Phil
Published: February 2012

Our research aims to improve online discussion forums. The authors identify typical problems in online discussion that create difficulties for learners and describe a pedagogical approach emphasizing the importance of moderating in dealing with these problems. The usual design of discussion forums in learning management systems is not helpful but can be improved by specific add-ons. The authors describe a software add-on to the Moodle discussion forum called Marginalia that was designed to implement our preferred pedagogy. They focus on annotation, aiding the retrieval of archived material, helping participants build upon one another’s ideas, and encouraging participants to write “weaving” messages that connect ideas and summarize the discourse. Preliminary studies of this software found a number of uses, some of them unexpected. The chapter concludes with an analysis of two trial classes employing Marginalia.
Evaluations of Online Learning Activities Based on LMS Logs
Authors: Lam Paul , Lo Judy , Lee Jack , McNaught Carmel
Published: February 2012

Effective record-keeping, and extraction and interpretation of activity logs recorded in learning management systems (LMS), can reveal valuable information to facilitate eLearning design, development and support. In universities with centralized Web-based teaching and learning systems, monitoring the logs can be accomplished because most LMS have inbuilt mechanisms to track and record a certain amount of information about online activities. Starting in 2006, we began to examine the logs of eLearning activities in LMS maintained centrally in our University (The Chinese University of Hong Kong) in order to provide a relatively easy method for the evaluation of the richness of eLearning resources and interactions. In this chapter, we: 1) explain how the system works; 2) use empirical evidence recorded from 2007 to 2010 to show how the data can be analyzed; and 3) discuss how the more detailed understanding of online activities have informed decisions in our University.
Dealing with bioethical dilemmas: A survey and analysis of responses from ministers in the Reformed Churches in South Africa
Authors: De Lange Magdalena C.
Published: February 2012

Recent technological advancements in Bioethics have been rapid and incremental, leaving little time for Christian ethicists to reflect or develop a coherent methodological approach. To assess the situation in the Reformed Churches in South Africa (RCSA), a bioethical questionnaire was developed and administered during the synod in 2009. Three practical questions served as point of departure, viz. which bioethical issues confronted ministers in their work environment, which value judgement trends are evident when counselling members of their congregations and what theoretical frameworks or resources do they call upon when reflecting on these difficult situations? The survey consisted of 19 questions with several subquestions that sought demographic information to determine the population and information about bioethical issues confronting them, methodological strategies they apply and how they think they can contribute to the resolution of any such bioethical dilemmas. The results were tabulated and it was concluded that recent advancements in biotechnology cannot be ignored or dealt with in a piecemeal fashion any longer, either by the RCSA or its ministers. The need for clarity and analysis of the principles underlying those theories that guide or should guide their decision-making and pastoral care in dealing with bioethical dilemmas was emphasised. The findings highlighted the need for appropriate courses in Bioethics to be taught during initial theological training, as well as the need to keep the debate alive by offering workshops, seminars and short courses for practicing ministers to enhance awareness and allay fears and uncertainties in this very dynamic and morally challenging field of human and scientific endeavour.
Pattern rigidity in hyperbolic spaces: duality and PD subgroups
Authors: Biswas Kingshook , Mj Mahan
Published: February 2012

body { counter-reset: list; } ol li { list-style: none; } ol li:before { content: "("counter(list, decimal) ") "; counter-increment: list; } For

i= 1,2

, let

G_i

be cocompact groups of isometries of hyperbolic space

\mathbf{H}^n

of real dimension

n

,

n \geq 3

. Let

H_i \subset G_i

be infinite index quasiconvex subgroups satisfying one of the following conditions:

We prove pattern rigidity for such pairs extending work of Schwartz who proved pattern rigidity when

H_i

is cyclic. All this generalizes to quasiconvex subgroups of uniform lattices in rank one symmetric spaces satisfying one of the conditions (1)–(4), as well as certain special subgroups with disconnected limit sets. In particular, pattern rigidity holds for all quasiconvex subgroups of hyperbolic 3-manifolds that are not virtually free. Combining this with results of Mosher, Sageev, and Whyte, we obtain quasi-isometric rigidity results for graphs of groups where the vertex groups are uniform lattices in rank one symmetric spaces and the edge groups are of any of the above types.
On the automorphisms of a graph product of abelian groups
Authors: Gutierrez Mauricio , Piggott Adam , Ruane Kim
Published: February 2012

We study the automorphisms of a graph product of finitely generated abelian groups

W

. More precisely, we study a natural subgroup

\mathrm{Aut}^* W

of

\mathrm{Aut} W

, with

\mathrm{Aut}^* W = \mathrm{Aut} W

whenever vertex groups are finite and in a number of other cases. We prove a number of structure results, including a semi-direct product decomposition

\mathrm{Aut}^* W = (\mathrm{Inn} W ⋊ \mathrm{Out}^0 W ) ⋊ \mathrm{Aut}^1 W

. We also give a number of applications, some of which are geometric in nature.
Formation of 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid via gas phase oxidation of pinonic acid – a mass spectrometric study of SOA aging
Authors: Müller L. , Reinnig M.-C. , Naumann K. H. , Saathoff H. , Mentel T. F. , Donahue N. M. , Hoffmann T.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. This paper presents the results of mass spectrometric investigations of the OH-initiated oxidative aging of α-pinene SOA under simulated tropospheric conditions at the large aerosol chamber facility AIDA, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. In particular, the OH-initiated oxidation of pure pinic and pinonic acid, two well-known oxidation products of α-pinene, was investigated. Two complementary analytical techniques were used, on-line atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (APCI/MS) and filter sampling followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). The results show that 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid (MBTCA), a very low volatile α-pinene SOA product and a tracer compound for terpene SOA, is formed from the oxidation of pinonic acid and that this oxidation takes place in the gas phase. This finding is confirmed by temperature-dependent aging experiments on whole SOA formed from α-pinene, in which the yield of MBTCA scales with the pinonic acid fraction in the gas phase. Based on the results, several feasible gas-phase radical mechanisms are discussed to explain the formation of MBTCA from OH-initiated pinonic acid oxidation.
Hydration or dehydration: competing effects of upper tropospheric cloud radiation on the TTL water vapor
Authors: Wu L. , Su H. , Jiang J. H. , Read W. G.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. A tropical channel version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to investigate the radiative impacts of upper tropospheric clouds on water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). The WRF simulations of cloud radiative effects and water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere show reasonable agreement with observations, including approximate reproduction of the water vapor "tape recorder" signal. By turning on and off the upper tropospheric cloud radiative effect (UTCRE) above 200 hPa, we find that the UTCRE induces a warming of 0.76 K and a moistening of 9% in the upper troposphere at 215 hPa. However, the UTCRE cools and dehydrates the TTL, with a cooling of 0.82 K and a dehydration of 16% at 100 hPa. The enhanced vertical ascent due to the UTCRE contributes substantially to mass transport and the dehydration in the TTL. The hydration due to the enhanced vertical transport is counteracted by the dehydration from adiabatic cooling associated with the enhanced vertical motion. The UTCRE also substantially changes the horizontal winds in the TTL, resulting in shifts of the strongest dehydration away from the lowest temperature anomalies in the TTL. The UTCRE increases in-situ cloud formation in the TTL. A seasonal variation is shown in the simulated UTCRE, with stronger impact in the moist phase from June to November than in the dry phase from December to May.
3-D mesoscale MHD simulations of magnetospheric cusp-like configurations: cusp diamagnetic cavities and boundary structure
Authors: Adamson E. , Otto A. , Nykyri K.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. We present results from mesoscale simulations of the magnetospheric cusp region for both strongly northward and strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Simulation results indicate an extended region of depressed magnetic field and strongly enhanced plasma β which exhibits a strong dependence on IMF orientation. These structures correspond to the Cusp Diamagnetic Cavities (CDC's). The typical features of these CDC's are generally well reproduced by the simulation. The inner boundaries between the CDC and the magnetosphere are gradual transitions which form a clear funnel shape, regardless of IMF orientation. The outer CDC/magnetosheath boundary exhibits a clear indentation in both the x-z and y-z planes for southward IMF, while it is only indented in the x-z plane for northward, with a convex geometry in the y-z plane. The outer boundary represents an Alfvénic transition, mostly consistent with a slow-shock, indicating that reconnection plays an important role in structuring the high-altitude cusp region.
Global distribution of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary: a new look
Authors: Hamza V. M. , Vieira F. P.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. New global maps of the depth to the boundary between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere are presented. The maps are based on updated global databases for heat flow and crustal structure. For continental regions the estimates of lithospheric thickness are based on determinations of subcrustal heat flow, after corrections for contributions of radiogenic heat in crustal layers. For oceanic regions the estimates of lithospheric thickness are based on the newly proposed finite half-space (FHS) model. Unlike the half-space cooling (HSC) and the Plate models the FHS model takes into account effects of buffered solidification at the lower boundary of the lithosphere and assumes that vertical domain for downward growth of boundary layer have an asymptotic limit. Results of numerical simulations reveal that theoretical values derived from FHS model provide vastly improved fits to observational data for heat flow and bathymetry than can be achieved with HSC and Plate models. Also, the data fits are valid for the entire age range of the oceanic lithosphere. Hence estimates of depths to lithosphere – asthenosphere boundary (LAB) based on FHS model, are believed to provide more reliable estimates than those reported in previous thermal models. The global maps of depths to LAB derived in the present work reveal several features in regional variations of lithosphere thicknesses that have not been identified in earlier studies. For example, regions of ocean floor with ages less than 55 Ma are characterized by relatively rapid thickening of the lithosphere. Also there is better resolution in mapping the transition from oceanic to continental lithosphere, as most of the latter ones are characterized by lithospheric thickness greater than 150 km. As expected the plate spreading centers in oceanic regions as well as areas of recent magmatic activity in continental regions are characterized by relatively thin lithosphere, with LAB depths of less than 50 km. On the other hand, the areas of continental collisions and Precambrian cratonic blocks and are found to have lithosphere thicknesses in excess of 250 km. Regional variations of lithosphere thickness in the interiors of continents are found to depend on the magnitude of subcrustal heat flux as well as the tectonic age of crustal blocks.
Relationship between Physical Prowess and Cognitive Function
Authors: López Oscar García , Postigo Silvia Burgos
Published: February 2012

There is some evidence about the low relationship between physical prowess and cognitive function (Posthuma, Mulder, Boomsma & de Geus, 2002). The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between cognitive variables (spatial ability, reasoning, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and reasoning and verbal comprehension) and physical prowess in sport performance (agility circuit, coordination circuit, horizontal jump, swimming and sprint racing). Two studies were performance. In the first one we applied a battery of standardized cognitive tests and a battery of physical grading tests to 400 subjects. When we applied factor analysis to the physical prowess and the cognitive variables, we found one general factor in cognitive variables and one general factor in physical prowess. We found a low relationship between both factors (.21). In the second study we compare the cognitive abilities in elite and amateur sport people. Results show that elite gymnastics people present higher cognitive abilities than amateur sportspeople. It should be relevant in order to clarify the total set of variables involved in sport performance.
An Explanatory Model of Academic Achievement based on Aptitudes, Goal Orientations, Self-Concept and Learning Strategies
Authors: Pérez Pablo Miñano , Costa Juan-Luis Castejón , Corbí Raquel Gilar
Published: February 2012

As a result of studies examining factors involved in the learning process, various structural models have been developed to explain the direct and indirect effects that occur between the variables in these models. The objective was to evaluate a structural model of cognitive and motivational variables predicting academic achievement, including general intelligence, academic self-concept, goal orientations, effort and learning strategies. The sample comprised of 341 Spanish students in the first year of compulsory secondary education. Different tests and questionnaires were used to evaluate each variable, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied to contrast the relationships of the initial model. The model proposed had a satisfactory fit, and all the hypothesised relationships were significant. General intelligence was the variable most able to explain academic achievement. Also important was the direct influence of academic self-concept on achievement, goal orientations and effort, as well as the mediating ability of effort and learning strategies between academic goals and final achievement.
Prospective Teachers' Conceptions of Assessment: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Brown Gavin T L , Remesal Ana
Published: February 2012

This paper examines the responses of two samples of prospective teachers (New Zealand,n= 324; and Spain,n= 672) to the Teachers' Conceptions of Assessment inventory (English and Spanish respectively). The inventory captures four major intentions for assessment (i.e., improvement, irrelevance, school and student accountability). The conceptions of prospective teachers about the nature and purpose of assessment are relevant, given that (a) much educational assessment is carried out in classrooms; and (b) prospective teachers enter the teacher education programs with significant prior school experience of assessment as pupils. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original model was inadmissible and that the best-fitting revised model was only configurally invariant between the two samples. It would appear that lack of teaching experience results in different responses for prospective teachers to those of practicing teachers. Moreover, differences in societal and cultural priorities for assessment use most likely explain the lack of invariance between samples.
Neuropsychological Evaluation of High-Risk Children from Birth to Seven Years of Age
Authors: Cruz Judith Nogueira , Rubio Carolina Laynez , Quintana Francisco Cruz , Garcia Miguel Perez
Published: February 2012

High Risk Children (HRC) are those with an increased risk of abnormal development due to any factor affecting neurological growth. Those factors have been the focus of most studies in this area. However, little is known about their long-term consequences over the course of child development. Objectives: the goal was to study the cognitive, emotional and academic outcomes of 7-year-old children diagnosed as HRC at birth. Method: We compared 14 HRC and 20 healthy children using the WISC-IV, BASC and Brunet-Lezine tests. Results: HRC showed cognitive, emotional and academic deficits compared with healthy children. However, Brunet-Lezine scores obtained over the course of development (6, 12, 18 and 24 months) were not predictive of the children's' current psychological status. Conclusions: long-term follow-up with HRC should be maintained until 7 years of age, at which point an appropriate treatment should be implemented.
Parental Knowledge and Adolescent Adjustment: Substance use and Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Jiménez-Iglesias Antonia , Moreno Carmen , Granado-Alcón M. Carmen , López Ana
Published: February 2012

This study analyses two models (maternal and paternal) in which parental care and sources of parental knowledge moderated the relationship between parents' knowledge about their adolescents' lives and adolescents' substance use and health-related quality of life. The sample was made up of 15942 Spanish adolescents who participated in the 2006 edition of Health Behavior in School-aged Children Study. Results showed that increased parents' knowledge about their adolescents' lives reduced adolescents' substance use and increased their quality of life. With respect to the moderation relationship, a limited effect was found. However, parental care and sources of parental knowledge used by both parents generally had main effects on adolescents' substance use and health-related quality of life, with care being the most relevant variable in the health-related quality of life, while knowledge was the most relevant one for substance use.
Correlations between Subjective Well-being, Dyadic Adjustment and Marital Satisfaction in Brazilian Married People
Authors: Scorsolini-Comin Fabio , dos Santos Manoel Antônio
Published: February 2012

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the constructs subjective well-being (SWB), dyadic adjustment (DA) and marital satisfaction (MS). Participants were 106 married Brazilians, of both sexes, with a mean age of 42 (± 11) years. Instruments used for the sociodemographic characterization and socioeconomic classification were the Subjective Well-being Scale (SWBS), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and the Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS). Through the analysis of correlations and of stepwise multiple regression, it was verified that all the factors of the dyadic adjustment showed correlation with the marital satisfaction. The satisfaction with life (factor of the SWBS) and dyadic satisfaction (factor of the DAS), were positively and significantly correlated (r = .20; p = .04), which reveals that people who say they are satisfied with life in different domains also do so in relation to the marital experience.
Personality and Emotional Intelligence in Teacher Burnout
Authors: Pishghadam Reza , Sahebjam Samaneh
Published: February 2012

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between teacher's personality types, emotional intelligence and burnout and to predict the burnout levels of 147 teachers in the city of Mashhad (Iran). To this end, we have used three inventories: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-I). We used Homogeneity Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression to analyze the data. The results exhibited a significant relationship between personality types and emotional intelligence and the three dimensions of burnout. It was indicated that the best predictors for emotional exhaustion were neuroticism and extroversion, for depersonalization were intrapersonal scale of emotional intelligence and agreeableness, and for personal accomplishment were interpersonal scale and conscientiousness. Finally, the results were discussed in the context of teacher burnout.
Aesthetic Sports as High-Risk Contexts for Eating Disorders — Young Elite Dancers and Gymnasts Perspectives
Authors: Francisco Rita , Alarcão Madalena , Narciso Isabel
Published: February 2012

This is the first study developed in Portugal which investigates specific characteristics of dance and gymnastics environments that make them high-risk contexts for the development of eating disorders. Four focus groups were conducted with thirteen ballet students from a professional dance school and nine gymnasts from a gymnastics club (aged 12 to 17 years old), which were subjected to an inductive-deductive analysis procedure. Specific risk and protective factors were identified. Among their respective sources of influence, teachers and coaches are those who exert a stronger influence upon young athletes. We also explored some themes related to the influence of peers, parents, and environmental characteristics, which could have an important role on the development or prevention of disordered eating.
A Study of Patients who go to a Psychology Clinic Seeking Treatment
Authors: Estupiñá Francisco José , Labrador Francisco Javier , García-Vera María Paz
Published: February 2012

In order to characterize a typical clinical context, as opposed to an academic or research context, this article will analyze the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients who turn to a psychology clinic in need of professional help. This study was conducted using an initial sample of 1,305 patients at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Clínica Universitaria de Psicología. Of the sociodemographic characteristics studied, it is noteworthy that the majority of patients were women (65%) and relatively young (the average age is 29.7 years-old). The disorders for which psychological help was most often needed were anxiety and mood disorders and relationship problems, which together made up 50% of cases. In 17.70% of cases, patients had at least one comorbid disorder in addition to the one that brought them to the clinic. The generalizability and implications of the results are discussed.
The Role of Optimism and Pessimism in Chronic Pain Patients Adjustment
Authors: Ramírez-Maestre Carmen , Esteve Rosa , López Alicia E.
Published: February 2012

This study analyses the relationships between patients' dispositional optimism and pessimism and the coping strategies they use. In addition, the coping strategies repercussions on adjustment to chronic pain were studied. Ninety-eight patients with heterogeneous chronic pain participated. The assessment tools were as follows: Life Orientation Test (LOT), the Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory (VPMI), the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Impairment and Functioning Inventory for Chronic Pain Patients (IFI). The hypothetical model establishes positive relationships between optimism and the use of active coping strategies, whereas pessimism is related to the use of passive coping. Active coping is associated with low levels of pain, anxiety, depression and impairment and high levels of functioning. However, passive coping is related to high levels of pain, anxiety, depression and impairment and low levels of functioning. The hypothetical model was empirically tested using the LISREL 8.20 software package and the unweighted least squares method. The results support the hypotheses formulated regarding the relations among optimism, pessimism, coping and adjust of chronic pain patients. By analysing optimism among chronic pain patients, clinicians could make better predictions regarding coping and adjustment.
Coping Style and Depressive Symptomatology during Pregnancy in a Private Setting Sample
Authors: Faisal-Cury Alexandre , Savoia Mariangela Gentil , Menezes Paulo Rossi
Published: February 2012

Aim:

to evaluate the association of antenatal depressive symptomatology (AD) with life events and coping styles, the hypothesis was that certain coping strategies are associated to depressive symptomatology.

Methods:

we performed a cross sectional study of 312 women attending a private clinic in the city of Osasco, São Paulo from 27/05/1998 to 13/05/2002. The following instruments were used: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Holmes and Rahe Schedule of Recent Events (SSRS), Folkman and Lazarus Ways of Coping Questionnaire and questionnaire with social-demographic and obstetric data. Inclusion criteria: women with no past history of depression, psychiatric treatment, alcohol or drug abuse and no clinical-obstetrical complications. Odds ratios and 95% CI were used to examine the association between AD (according to BDI) and exposures variables. Hypothesis testing was done with X2 tests and a p value < .05.

Results:

AD occurred in 21.1% of pregnant women. By the univariate analyses, education, number of pregnancies, previous abortion, husband income, situation of marriage and score of SSRS were associated with AD. All coping styles were associated with AD, except seeking support and positive reappraisal. By the multivariate analyses, four coping styles were kept in the final model: confront (p = .039), accepting responsibility (p < .001), escape-avoidance (p = .002), problem-solving (p = .005).

Conclusions:

AD was highly prevalent and was associated with maladaptive coping styles.
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS): Construct Validation, Sensitivity Analyses and other Psychometric Properties
Authors: de Oliveira João Manuel , Lopes Diniz , Costa Carlos Gonçalves , Nogueira Conceição
Published: February 2012

According to Mohr and Fassinger (2006), identity is seen as both self-identification and collective identification with values, beliefs, traits or behaviours and attachments. Their Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) multidimensional identity model accounts for important variables regarding the constitution of identities. This model not only accesses numerous dimensions of the lives of LGB individuals, but is also based on a body of research that recognizes how LGB difficulties are caused by societal intolerance and marginalization (Mohr & Fassinger, 2000). The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS; Kendra & Mohr, 2008) constitutes an operationalization of this multidimensional model, and the aim of this article is to present its construct validity by analysing its factor structure using a sample of Portuguese lesbian, gay and bisexual participants. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as from factor invariance analysis across sub-samples are presented. In a general way, the factor structure obtained in this study follows the original proposal of Kendra and Mohr's (2008) LGBIS. Moreover, scale sensitivity analyses are presented in order to check for eventual differences in the factor structure and/or factor intercorrelations regarding participant gender and sexual orientation. These results are then discussed in the light of LGB identity models.
Synthesis of Macrocyclic Bis-Hydrazone and Their Use in Metal Cations Extraction
Authors: Kandil Farouk , Chebani Mohamad Khaled , Al Zoubi Wail
Published: February 2012

Two new macrocyclic hydrazone Schiff bases were synthesized by reaction of succindihydrazide and adipdihydrazide with acetylacetone. Hydrazones have been characterized by elemental analyses and IR, mass, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral data. Hydrazones have been studied by liquid-liquid extraction towards the s-metal ions (Li+, Na+, and K+) and d-metal ions (Cu2+ and Cr3+) from aqueous phase to organic phase. The effect of chloroform and dichloromethane as organic solvents over the metal chlorides extraction was investigated at 25 ± 0.1°C by using flame atomic absorption. We found differences between the two solvents in extraction selectivity.
Thermal Diffusion and Mass Transfer Effects on MHD Flow of a Dusty Gas through Porous Medium
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Devendra , Shrivastav R. K.
Published: February 2012

The present problem is concerned with the thermal diffusion mass transfer effects on MHD free convective flow of dusty gas through a porous medium induced by the motion of a semi-infinite flat plate moving with velocity decreasing “exponentially with time”. The effects of various parameters like magnetic parameter M thermal diffusion effect as soret number S1, permeability parameter K1, Schimdt number Sc are taken into account. The velocity profile, temperature field, and concentration of incompressible dusty gas and dust particles for several parameters are discussed numerically and explained graphically.
Remediation of Polluted Water Using Natural Zeolitic Aluminosilicates/Lateritic Clay Ceramic Matrix Membrane
Authors: Ajenifuja E. , Akinwunmi O. O. , Bakare M. K. , Ajao J. A. , Adeniyi I. F. , Ajayi E. O. B.
Published: February 2012

Microporous ceramic matrix membranes were prepared with complementary proportions of locally available zeolitic aluminosilicate materials and other abundant lateritic clay minerals. The membranes cast as circular disks (22.78 mm diameter and 2.11 mm thickness) were treated with silver nitrate solution to discourage microbial growth on their surface and then sintered at C for about 20 hours. Antimicrobial microfiltration process showed 87.24% to 100% bacterial rejection depending on the material combination ratio. Elemental characterization of the membrane materials was done using ion beam analysis (IBA) technique of particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), while the physicochemical behaviour of the ceramic membranes was carried out through the analysis of the filtered water samples using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), total dissolved solids (TDS), microbial, and pH analyses. Compositional characterization of raw materials showed comparatively low contents of impurities, such as Fe and Ca, in the raw materials, but with high SiO2/Al2O3 ratios for the raw material which is important for zeolitic material synthesis. Regularly porous microstructure of mean pore diameter of between 50 nm and 100 nm was observed from the analyzed images obtained from ZEISS Supra 40 scanning electron microscope.
Leaching of Fluoride from Biotite Mica in Soil: Implications for Fluoride in Shallow Groundwater
Authors: Kularatne K. U. K. S. , Pitawala H. M. T. G. A.
Published: February 2012

Leaching of from biotite was investigated at room temperature by performing a series of short-term leach tests. The leaching of from biotite structure strongly depends on its weathering stage. Results of this study suggest that high concentration of is leached from highly weathered biotite, compared to fresh biotite. Results of dissolution experiments confirm that the organic acids in soil promote the leaching of from biotite compared to inorganic acids. Citric acid which is a week organic acid enhances leaching of from biotite structure compared to strong inorganic acid HNO3, independent of the weathering stage of biotite. Strong positive correlation between K+ and Fe2+ with in biotite treated with citric acid suggests that readily leachs into the solution through an ionic exchange and complex formation. Organic acids involve sorption and complex formation processes leading to release of into the solution. Our studies suggest that in the presence of organic acids is leached readily into water percolating through the soil. Therefore, shallow groundwater replenished by the water table may achieve high concentrations by this leaching process.
Bifurcation Analysis and Chaos Control in Genesio System with Delayed Feedback
Authors: Guan Junbiao
Published: February 2012

We investigate the local Hopf bifurcation in Genesio system with delayed
feedback control. We choose the delay as the parameter, and the occurrence of local Hopf
bifurcations are verified. By using the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem,
we obtain the explicit formulae for determining the stability and direction of bifurcated
periodic solutions. Numerical simulations indicate that delayed feedback control plays an
effective role in control of chaos.
Genesis of Preeclampsia: An Epidemiological Approach
Authors: Salvador-Moysén Jaime , Martínez-López Yolanda , Ramírez-Aranda José M. , Aguilar-Durán Marisela , Terrones-González Alberto
Published: February 2012

There are analyzed some of the main aspects related to the causality of preeclampsia, privileging two types of models: the clinic model and the epidemiologic model, first one represented by the hypothesis of the reduced placental perfusion and the second one considering the epidemiologic findings related to the high levels of psychosocial stress and its association with preeclampsia. It is reasoned out the relevance of raising the causality of the disease from an interdisciplinary perspective, integrating the valuable information generated from both types, clinical and epidemiologic, and finally a tentative explanatory model of preeclampsia is proposed, the subclinical and sociocultural aspects that predispose and trigger the disease are emphasized making aspects to stand out: the importance of reduced placental perfusion as an indicator of individual risk, and the high levels of physiological stress, as a result of the unfavorable conditions of the psychosocial surroundings (indicator of population risk) of the pregnant women.
Pricing as a demand‐side management tool: Implications for water policy and governance
Authors: Mehan G. Tracy , Kline Ian
Published: February 2012

Full‐value or ‐cost pricing and conservation pricing as demand‐side management tools are examined along with the benefits of maintaining responsive and transparent government and the benefits realized as a result of such practices.
Testing the waters: Tucson links water conservation with environmental benefits
Authors: Nadeau Joanna B. , Megdal Sharon B. , Rupprecht Candice , Choate Brittany , Brott Emily , Shipek Lisa
Published: February 2012

Efforts under way in Arizona are designed to incentivize water conservation activities for those who may not otherwise be motivated to save water for the benefit of the environment.
New Perspectives on Climate and Water
Authors: Lovins L. Hunter
Published: February 2012

In this interview, author L. Hunter Lovins provides her perspectives on the importance of climate change in the water sector based on her new book, Climate Capitalism. Lovins suggests that regardless of opinions about climate change, her research shows that adapting to climate change by making sustainability‐minded decisions is profitable.
Neighborhood survey
Authors: Polly Drew
Published: February 2012

This department showcases students' in-depth thinking and work on previously published problems.
Fore! The love of math
Authors: Beck Kristen
Published: February 2012

Using golf course terrain and the game itself to increase students' critical thinking, math sense, fraction sense, and the application of area and graphing.
Views of Isometric Geometry
Authors: Niven Ryan Andrew , Peters Tara Carver , Nivens Jesse
Published: February 2012

Two ways of drawing cubes on dot paper connect students to life outside their classroom.
Pedagogical instruction with calculators
Authors: Lucas Karen K. , Cady Jo Ann
Published: February 2012

Pedagogical use is the key to effective instruction with calculators. Three practical activities for elementary school students offer clear examples of what is meant by pedagogical uses of calculators. They are designed to improve students' conceptual understanding about place value, relationships between operations, and estimation.
Influence of Parent Metal Microstructure and Post‐Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded Ti‐6Al‐4V Joint
Authors: Li Wenya , Wu Hui , Ma Tiejun , Yang Changlin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: February 2012

Linear friction welding (LFW) of Ti‐6Al‐4V (Ti‐64) titanium alloy with a different microstructure from the previous study was conducted. The joint microstructure, tensile strength and fracture characteristics were studied. Results show that the microstructure of parent metal has a strong influence on the microstructure and properties of LFW Ti‐64 joints. Under the specific conditions in this study, unexpected spheric α grains were formed near the bondline, which leads to the steep drop of the joint tensile strength. Although the tensile strength could be improved through post‐weld heat treatment, the failure of specimens still took place across the bondline with the cleavage fracture due to the formation of basket‐weave structure at the weld center zone and the remaining of spheric α grains.
Reductive Reformatsky–Honda Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters: Facile Formation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and β‐Hydroxy Esters
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Isoda Motoyuki , Ohata Shizuka , Morita Shuhei , Tarui Atsushi , Omote Masaaki , Kumadaki Itsumaro , Ando Akira
Published: February 2012

The reaction of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium chloride [RhCl(PPh3)3] with diethylzinc (Et2Zn) easily afforded a rhodium‐hydride complex that effects the 1,4‐reduction of α,β‐unsaturated esters to give rhodium enolates. Formation of the rhodium enolate is followed by transmetalation with the zinc species to give a Reformatsky‐type reagent, and this reacts with various acid chlorides at the α‐position to give β‐keto esters. The Reformatsky‐type reagent also reacts with various electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones and acid anhydrides to give the corresponding products in which the electrophiles were introduced reductively at the α‐position of α,β‐unsaturated esters.
Thiourea‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Fluorination of β‐Keto Esters
Authors: Xu Junxing , Hu Yulai , Huang Danfeng , Wang Ke‐Hu , Xu Changming , Niu Teng
Published: February 2012

Bifunctional chiral thioureas have been successfully used as organocatalysts in enantioselective fluorinations of β‐keto esters. The corresponding products could be obtained with good to excellent enantioselectivity in high yields by using N‐fluorobisbenzenesulphonimide (NFSI) as fluorination reagent.
Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of β‐Chlorovinyl and α,β‐Alkynyl Ketones from Terminal and Silylated Alkynes with Acid Chlorides
Authors: Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Parthasarathy Kanniyappan , Su Tsu‐Hui , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: February 2012

A simple efficient method for the iron(III)‐catalyzed synthesis of substituted β‐chlorovinyl ketones and α,β‐alkynyl ketones from terminal and silyl‐substituted alkynes with acid chlorides, respectively, is described. This method features easily available starting materials, a cheap and non‐toxic catalyst, simple manipulation and mild reaction conditions. Evidence shows that the catalytic addition of the acid chloride to a terminal alkyne to give (Z)‐β‐chlorovinyl ketones favours a concerted pathway via a four‐membered ring transition state between the two alkyne carbons and the carbon‐chloride bond of the acid chloride.
Selective Acceptorless Conversion of Primary Alcohols to Acetals and Dihydrogen Catalyzed by the Ruthenium(II) Complex Ru(PPh3)2(NCCH3)2(SO4)
Authors: Kossoy Elizaveta , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Leitus Gregory , Milstein David
Published: February 2012

The complex bis(acetonitrile)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) sulfate [Ru(PPh3)2(NCCH3)2(SO4)], fully characterized spectroscopically and by a single crystal X‐ray study, catalyzes at 110 °C the direct transformation of primary alcohols to the corresponding acetals with liberation of molecular hydrogen. The formation of acetals proceeds via direct substitution of the hydroxy group of the hemiacetal intermediate by an alcohol molecule. The closely related bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) acetate [Ru(PPh3)2(OAc)2] catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to the corresponding esters rather than acetals.
Paper‐Based Energy‐Storage Devices Comprising Carbon Fiber‐Reinforced Polypyrrole‐Cladophora Nanocellulose Composite Electrodes
Authors: Razaq Aamir , Nyholm Leif , Sjödin Martin , Strømme Maria , Mihranyan Albert
Published: February 2012

Composites of polypyrrole (PPy) and Cladophora nanocellulose, reinforced with 8 μm‐thick chopped carbon filaments, can be used as electrode materials to obtain paper‐based energy‐storage devices with unprecedented performance at high charge and discharge rates. Charge capacities of more than 200 C g−1 (PPy) are obtained for paper‐based electrodes at potential scan rates as high as 500 mV s−1, whereas cell capacitances of ∼60–70 F g−1 (PPy) are reached for symmetric supercapacitor cells with capacitances up to 3.0 F (i.e.,0.48 F cm−2) when charged to 0.6 V using current densities as high as 31 A g−1 based on the PPy weight (i.e., 99 mA cm−2). Energy and power densities of 1.75 Wh kg−1 and 2.7 kW kg−1, respectively, are obtained when normalized with respect to twice the PPy weight of the smaller electrode. No loss in cell capacitance is seen during charging/discharging at 7.7 A g−1 (PPy) over 1500 cycles. It is proposed that the nonelectroactive carbon filaments decrease the contact resistances and the resistance of the reduced PPy composite. The present straightforward approach represents significant progress in the development of low‐cost and environmentally friendly paper‐based energy‐storage devices for high‐power applications.
von Willebrand disease: Clinical and laboratory lessons learned from the large von Willebrand disease studies
Authors: James Paula D. , Lillicrap David
Published: February 2012

During the past 25 years, our knowledge concerning the pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and treatment of von Willebrand disease (VWD) has increased significantly. Following the immunological differentiation of factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) in the 1970s and the cloning of the FVIII and VWF genes in the mid‐1980s, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of this, the most common inherited bleeding disorder. We now recognize that VWD represents a range of genetic diseases all with the clinical endpoint of increased mucocutaneous bleeding. The molecular pathology of Type 2 and 3 VWD is now comprehensively documented and involves rare sequence variants at the VWF locus. In contrast, the genetic causation of Type 1 disease remains incompletely defined and in many cases appears to involve genetic determinants in addition to or instead of VWF. The diagnostic triad of a personal history of excessive mucocutaneous bleeding, laboratory tests for VWF that are consistent with VWD, and a family history of the condition remain the keystone to VWD identification. In the laboratory, measurement of VWF antigen and function continue to be the most important diagnostic studies, and while our understanding of the molecular genetic pathology of VWD has advanced considerably in the past decade, genetic testing as a component of diagnosis is limited to certain distinct subtypes of the disorder. Treatment of VWD has been relatively unchanged for the past decade and continues to involve either stimulation of the release of intrinsic VWF with desmopressin or the infusion of VWF concentrates. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The hope and reality of long‐acting hemophilia products
Authors: Pipe Steven W.
Published: February 2012

Recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering are creating hope that we can address ongoing challenges in hemophilia care such as reducing the costs of therapy, increasing the availability to the developing world, and improving the functional properties of these proteins. Technological advances to improve the half‐life of recombinant clotting factors have brought long‐acting clotting factors for hemophilia replacement therapy closer to reality. Preclinical and clinical trial results are reviewed as well as the potential benefits and risks of these novel therapies. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitoxantrone, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (NEAM) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with chemosensitive aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kim Ji‐Won , Lee Hyun Jung , Yi Hyeon Gyu , Kim Byung‐Su , Bang Soo‐Mee , Kim Jin Seok , Kim Inho , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Lee Jong Seok , Kim Chul Soo , Park Seonyang , Kim Byoung Kook
Published: February 2012

Patients with chemosensitive aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) could benefit from high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (auto‐SCT). We report clinical outcomes of HDC using a novel regimen consisting of mitoxantrone, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (NEAM) with auto‐SCT. A total of 69 patients were consecutively enrolled. Median age was 42 years (range, 20–66 years). Median event‐free survival (EFS) was 17.9 months. Median overall survival (OS) has not been reached yet and estimated 2‐year OS was 64.2%. Among patients with measurable lesions, response rate was 79.5%. Median time to recovery of neutrophil (>500 mL) and platelet (gt;20,000 mL) was 12.5 and 13.5 days, respectively. Febrile neutropenia developed in 61 patients (88.4%). Grades 3 or 4 hepatic toxicity developed in 7 patients (10.1%), Grades 3 or 4 renal toxicity in 2 patients (2.9%), and Grade 3 or 4 cardiac toxicity in 2 patients (2.9%). Transplant‐related mortality (TRM) developed in two patients (2.9%). Multiple prior treatments before transplantation, auxiliary bone marrow harvest for stem cell collection, and high serum lactate dehydrogenase level were related to unfavorable treatment outcomes. In conclusion, NEAM conditioning with auto‐SCT demonstrated considerable efficacy with modest toxicity in patients with chemosensitive aggressive NHL. Am. J. Hematol. 87:479–483, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Video Displays for Use With Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: HOPPER LYDIA M. , LAMBETH SUSAN P. , SCHAPIRO STEVEN J.
Published: February 2012

Video displays for behavioral research lend themselves particularly well to studies with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), as their vision is comparable to humans’, yet there has been no formal test of the efficacy of video displays as a form of social information for chimpanzees. To address this, we compared the learning success of chimpanzees shown video footage of a conspecific compared to chimpanzees shown a live conspecific performing the same novel task. Footage of an unfamiliar chimpanzee operating a bidirectional apparatus was presented to 24 chimpanzees (12 males, 12 females), and their responses were compared to those of a further 12 chimpanzees given the same task but with no form of information. Secondly, we also compared the responses of the chimpanzees in the video display condition to responses of eight chimpanzees from a previously published study of ours, in which chimpanzees observed live models. Chimpanzees shown a video display were more successful than those in the control condition and showed comparable success to those that saw a live model. Regarding fine‐grained copying (i.e. the direction that the door was pushed), only chimpanzees that observed a live model showed significant matching to the model's methods with their first response. Yet, when all the responses made by the chimpanzees were considered, comparable levels of matching were shown by chimpanzees in both the live and video conditions. Am. J. Primatol. 74:442‐449, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.