bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tutorial on generalised additive mixed effects models for bilingualism research
Authors: Coretta Stefano , Casillas Joseph V.
Published: November 2024

While recent years have seen a shift towards random effects modelling, particularly in areas of linguistics in
which nested structure is the norm (e.g., trial repetitions nested within participants), an over-reliance on standard linear
modelling prevails, particularly in the cases of dynamic phenomena that may not constitute a linear relationship, e.g., vowel
trajectories, pitch contours, acquisition processes, etc. Generalised Additive (Mixed) Models (GAMMs) are now commonly employed in
phonetic research (given the naturally dynamic nature of speech data) and this is reflected by the availability of several
tutorials which focus on phonetic data. This tutorial aims at making GAMMs accessible to researchers from other fields within
linguistics. In particular, this tutorial is written for researchers in bilingualism and multilingualism who wish to be able to
start using GAMMs for non-linear data, which is very common in developmental and learning phenomena. While only the basics will be
covered here, we hope that researchers will get the necessary foundations to be able to learn GAMMs from existing resources.
Experimental investigation and 2D fluid simulation of a positive nanosecond discharge in air in contact with liquid at various dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity values
Authors: Herrmann Antoine , Margot Joëlle , Hamdan Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Streamer discharges exhibit high reactivity and are pivotal in several plasma-based applications, especially those involving plasma–liquid interactions. This study investigates the effects of liquid dielectric permittivity (ϵr
= 32, 56, 80) and electrical conductivity (σ = 2, 500, 1000 μS cm−1 ) on positive nanosecond discharges in ambient air in a pin-to-liquid setup. Increased ϵr
and σ values lead to higher discharge currents. ICCD imaging reveals that elevated ϵr
decreases the extension of the discharge radially over the liquid surface and lowers the number of filaments at the liquid surface. Similarly, higher σ values result in a shorter propagation of the discharge. A previously developed fluid model was adapted to include solution conductivity and is utilized to elucidate the discharge dynamics. The results demonstrate that increased ϵr
or σ decrease the radial component of the electric field produced by the surface ionization wave while increasing the density of electrons in the gap. The simulations and ICCD images are used to determine the charge number (Ns
) at the filament front. Ns
is in the order of magnitude of Meek’s criterion (∼108) during propagation and reaches ∼107 when propagation stops for all ϵr
- and σ-conditions. We find that Ns
is higher for low ϵr
and decreases more rapidly at higher σ. The findings reported in this paper enhance our understanding of streamer-surface interactions, which are crucial for advancing plasma applications.
Multi functional ionic Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 assisted preparation of perovskite solar cell with over 19% and superior stability
Authors: Huang Jin , Jia Chunliang , Chen Chunyang , Wang Hao , Yang Husheng , Tang Yizhe , Wang Xiao , Yuan Qibin , Ning Shuya , Guo Kunping , Ji Yongqiang
Published: November 2024

The global community is striving to advance the development of emerging perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It has been demonstrated that the utilization of passivators is an effective approach to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability of PSCs, thus attracting increasing attention to organic passivators. All-inorganic CsPbI3 PSCs play a crucial role in the next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their unique optical bandgap and excellent light absorption properties. However, due to its poor stability, CsPbI3−x
Br
x
halide hybrid perovskite has been proposed. The spin-coating film formation method leads to the presence of a large number of vacancy defects in the film, which poses a significant challenge to the commercialization of CsPbI3−x
Br
x
perovskite films. Therefore, in this study, a novel passivator, Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 (TRH), was introduced. By introducing the passivator, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PSCs in air was improved, there by optimizing the device performance. After the addition of the passivator, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ filled the defects on the surface of the film, while the free PF6
- ions passivated the negatively charged halide vacancies. The fluorine atoms effectively prevented the entry of water molecules in the air. As a result, the optimized CsPbI3−x
Br
x
film exhibited a more compact morphology, a lower defect state density, and better carrier transport performance. Eventually, the champion device achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 19.47%, and even after being placed at an ambient temperature of 25 °C–30°C and a humidity of 30%–40% for 150 d, its efficiency remained above 85% of the initial efficiency of the device.
Prediction of mechanical properties of bi-disperse magnetorheological fluids and study on their temperature dependence
Authors: Wang Ning , Sha Shujing , Yu Baojun , Li Chao , Jiang Lulu , Liu Guanting , Qin Zhuang , Zhao Runchuan
Published: November 2024

Bi-disperse magnetorheological (MR) fluids have shown superior rheological properties in numerous studies. Unfortunately, there are few investigations on the constitutive model development with temperature-related factors, which will hinder its applications in engineering. In this study, bi-disperse MR fluids of different sizes were successfully prepared, and compared the prediction of rheological properties by four machine learning algorithms under different conditions in detail. The results suggest that the Category Boosting (CatBoost) algorithm performs best in predicting rheological properties, attaining a testing set R
2 of 0.998, root mean square error of 0.388, and mean absolute error of 0.280. In addition, the changes in shear stress of bi-disperse MR fluids at different temperatures were analyzed. At room temperature, bi-disperse MR fluids have better rheological properties, the shear stress of MRFS was 47.34 kPa at the highest magnetic field (426 mT). As the temperature continues to rise, bi-disperse MR fluids become more susceptible, simultaneously, the shear stress reduction amplitude under higher magnetic fields is stronger than low. It is worth mentioning that, in this study, we also analyzed the effect of different temperatures on MR fluids by the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method for the first time. The analysis results by using the SHAP method are consistent with the systematic analysis, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of constitutive models and the preparation of high-performance MR fluids.
Strain-manipulated dispersion characteristics of magnonic crystals with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and applications on spin-wave devices
Authors: Zhou 周 Chuhan 楚涵 , Jiao 焦 Xiaotian 晓天 , Xu 徐 Jiaxi 佳熙 , Jin 金 Zhaonian 兆年 , Chen 陈 Lin 琳 , Tao 陶 Zhikuo 志阔
Published: November 2024

Dispersion characteristics of magnonic crystals have attracted considerable attention because of the potential applications for spin-wave devices. In this work, we investigated the strain-manipulated dispersion characteristics of magnonic crystals with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and discussed the potential applications in spin-wave devices. Here, the ground states and stabilities of the magnonic crystals were investigated. Then, the strain-manipulated dispersion characteristics of the magnonic crystals based on domains and skyrmions were studied. The simulation results indicated that, the applied strain could manipulate the band widths and the positions of the allowed frequency bands. Finally, the realization of magnonic crystal heterojunctions and potential applications in spin-wave devices, such as filters, diodes, and transistors based on strain-manipulated magnonic crystals were proposed. Our research provides a theoretical foundation for designing tunable spin-wave devices based on strain-manipulated magnonic crystals with DMI.
Enhancing orthopaedic implant efficacy: the development of cerium-doped bioactive glass and polyvinylpyrrolidone composite coatings via MAPLE technique
Authors: Gradișteanu-Pircalabioru Gratiela , Negut Irina , Dinu Mihaela , Parau Anca Constantina , Bita Bogdan , Duta Liviu , Ristoscu Carmen , Sava Bogdan
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the potential of combining Cerium-doped bioactive glass (BBGi) with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to enhance the properties of titanium (Ti) implant surfaces using the Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique. The primary focus is on improving osseointegration, corrosion resistance, and evaluating the cytotoxicity of the developed thin films towards host cells. The innovative approach involves synthesizing a composite thin film comprising BBGi and PVP, leveraging the distinct benefits of both materials: BBGi’s biocompatibility and osteoinductive capabilities, and PVP’s film-forming and biocompatible properties. Results demonstrate that the BBGi + PVP coatings significantly enhance hydrophilicity, indicating improved cell-material interaction potential. The electrochemical analysis reveals superior corrosion resistance of the BBGi + PVP films compared to BBGi alone, which is critical for long-term implant stability. The mechanical adherence tests confirm the robust attachment of the coatings to Ti substrates, surpassing the ISO standards for implant materials. Biocompatibility tests show promising cell viability and negligible cytotoxic effects, with a controlled inflammatory response, underscoring the potential of BBGi + PVP coatings for orthopedic applications. The study concludes that the synergistic combination of BBGi and PVP, applied through the MAPLE technique, offers a promising route to fabricate bioactive and corrosion-resistant coatings for Ti implants, potentially enhancing osseointegration and longevity in clinical settings.
Electrophoretic deposition of chitosan/gelatin/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on 316 L stainless steel for biomedical applications
Authors: Mohammadsadegh Ali , Allahkaram Saeed Reza , Gharagozlou Mehrnaz
Published: November 2024

In addition to the basic and main parts of hospital equipment, 316 L stainless steel is widely utilized in futures such as nails and screws, wires and medical bone clips, dental implants, heart springs (stents), needles, surgical scissors, etc. In the present study, the electrophoretic deposition of a composite based on chitosan (CS), gelatin, nano and microparticles of hydroxyapatite on a 316 L stainless steel substrate was investigated. Hydroxyapatite particles are added to it due to the ossification abilities of steel and due to an enhanced adhesion and bone production, CS and biocompatible gelatin polymer particles were also added to hydroxyapatite. These particles were mixed in an ethanol/deionized water/acetic acid solution to create a suspension for the electrophoretic procedure. A mixture of 5 g l−1 of hydroxyapatite, 0.5 g l−1 of CS, and 1 g l−1 were present in the suspension. The best coating time was 1200s, and the best voltage was 30 V. The high density of the hydroxyapatite particles in the CS/gelatin polymer matrix was seen in scanning electron microscopy pictures. Additionally, the outcomes of the immersing samples in the simulated body fluid were evaluated, and the results revealed that, after 14 d, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles grew more rapidly than microparticles. The presence of CS, gelatin, and hydroxyapatite in the coating was verified by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic polarization in Phosphate-buffered saline were used to assess the corrosion results. In comparison to the bare sample, the corrosion resistance of the coated sample increased from 1.22 × 105 to 7.17 × 105 Ω.cm2 under best circumstances, according to EIS results. Additionally, in the polarization test, the corrosion potential increased from −225.24 to −157.01 mV (vs. SCE) and the corrosion current dropped from 2.159 to 1.201 µA cm−2.
Roles of forests in moderating the diurnal cycle of land–atmosphere interactions
Authors: Jang Yi-Shin , Swenson Sean C , Juang Jehn-Yih , Huang Cho-ying , Lo Min-Hui
Published: November 2024

Forests moderate the microclimate through evapotranspiration and biomass heat flux. However, understanding the contributions of dense forests remains challenging due to observational limitations. Our in-situ observations show that forests regulate the diurnal temperature range by approximately 2 °C compared to open fields. The Community Terrestrial System Model simulation reveal that latent heat and sensible heat fluxes are overestimated by around 10% during the daytime. The nighttime temperatures are underestimated when biomass heat storage (BHS) is excluded. Furthermore, the Single-Column Atmospheric Model indicates that the misestimated daytime heat flux leads to the slight overestimation of boundary layer height. Notably, BHS decreases daytime temperature by adjusting sensible heat flux through land–atmosphere interaction. The warming bias resulting from neglecting BHS reduces vegetation transpiration, further leading to an underestimation of daytime latent heat flux. Facing the threats of climate warming and deforestation, understanding BHS characteristics in models is pivotal for accurately representing land–atmosphere interactions.
Comparative finite element analysis between three surgical techniques for the treatment of type VI schatzker tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Mitrogiannis Georgios , Gkaintes Orestis A , Garnavos Christos , Potsika Vassiliki T , Roumpi Maria , Gkiatas Ioannis , Gelalis Ioannis D , Nikolaou Vasileios S , Mavrogenis Andreas F , Lasanianos Nikolaos G , Geroski Tijana , Filipovic Nenad , Fotiadis Dimitrios I , Pakos Emilios , Babis Georgios C
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and external fixation are traditional surgical techniques for treating type VI Schatzker tibial plateau fractures. A newly developed technique integrates the intramedullary tibial nail with condylar bolts. This finite element study investigated the mechanical response of three surgical techniques for fixing type VI Schatzker tibial plateau fractures. We compared the intramedullary nail-bolt (IMNB) technique with the single lateral locking plate (SLLP) and dual plating (DP) techniques. Materials and Methods. A 4th generation Sawbone model of a left tibia with a Type VI tibial plateau fracture was scanned using computed tomography and reconstructed into a 3D model. The plates were digitally reconstructed using 3D scanning technology, while the screws, condylar bolt, and nail were replicated using commercial computer-aided design software. An application engineer guided by a surgeon, virtually positioned the bone-implant construct for the three surgical techniques to align with physical constructs from a previous in-vitro biomechanical study. A commercial finite element analysis software was used for the computer simulation, with the tibial plateau subjected to uniaxial loads at 500, 1000, and 1500 Newton while the distal tip of the tibia remained fixed. Measurements of vertical subsidence, horizontal diastasis, and passive construct stiffness were recorded and compared to those of the previous in-vitro biomechanical experiment. Results. DP had the highest stiffness, followed by IMNB and SLLP techniques. DP also resulted in smaller values for measured subsidence and diastasis compared to SLLP and IMNB. The simulation results aligned with those of the in-vitro biomechanical study. Conclusions. The simulation results may further support the initial suggestion of the in-vitro biomechanical study that the IMNB technique is a biomechanically suitable method for fixing Type VI Schatzker injuries.
Potential of single-use CO2-based bioplastic water bottle adoption using agent-based modeling
Authors: Feng Danyi , Hicks Andrea
Published: November 2024

Single-use plastic water bottles are ubiquitous in daily life. Most commonly these bottles are made from petroleum-based plastics, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, conventional plastic water bottles result in substantial environmental pollution and plastic waste. Innovative technologies that utilize captured carbon as raw materials for producing bioplastic water bottles offer the potential to mitigate at least some environmental impacts. Understanding the factors that influence consumer adoption of sustainable alternatives is essential. This study utilizes Agent Based Modeling (ABM) to investigate the adoption dynamics of bioplastic water bottles, analyzing the influence of individual behaviors and social interactions within consumer networks. The findings demonstrate that the cost is a significant factor influencing the adoption rate, while environmental benefits motivate some consumers to select bioplastic water bottles over conventional ones. Moreover, the results emphasize the importance of social networks, indicating that close connections among consumers lead to quicker and more widespread adoption due to peer influence.
Archetypal flow regime change classes and their associations with anthropogenic drivers of global streamflow alterations
Authors: Virkki Vili , Sahu Reetik Kumar , Smilovic Mikhail , Láng-Ritter Josias , Porkka Miina , Kummu Matti
Published: November 2024

Streamflow—a key component of the water cycle—is experiencing drastic alteration due to human actions. The global extent and degree of this change have been widely assessed, but understanding of its drivers remains limited because previous global-scale approaches have largely relied on modelled hypothetical scenarios. Here, we advance this understanding by providing an observation-based association analysis of streamflow change and its drivers. We use observed streamflow data in 3,293 catchments globally and combine them with data on precipitation, evapotranspiration, water use, and damming. Building on a robust annual trend analysis covering years 1971–2010, we first determine flow regime change (FRC) classes, and then use them to investigate associations between streamflow change and its drivers. We find that 91% of all catchments are assigned to four main FRCs, which indicates globally consistent flow regime changes. By associating driver trends with the FRCs, we further characterise them by trends and changes in the four investigated drivers. We find that FRCs depicting decreasing streamflow quantity and variability are strongly associated with direct human drivers, either water use or damming. In contrast, associations with indirect drivers (precipitation and evapotranspiration) are more dominant in FRCs that depict increasing streamflow quantity and variability. Our key advance is that our comprehensive, observation-based association analysis substantiates the model-based findings of previous global-scale studies, and thus adds detail and validation to their interpretations. This may further support developing and adopting efficient measures to mitigate streamflow change and its subsequent impacts across scales.
A novel concealed object detection algorithm for entry control and security check applications using passive terahertz technology
Authors: Chandel Sushmita , Bhatnagar Gaurav , Kowalski Marcin
Published: November 2024

Passive Terahertz (THz) imaging is rapidly being adopted in entry control and security applications, such as concealed object detection under clothing. A passive THz imaging system, which operates as a stand-off type sensor, can scan both indoor and outdoor environments. Therefore, an efficient and intelligent frameworks are necessary for the automatic detection of concealed objects. This paper proposes a novel framework based on binary segmentation of THz images and a visual attention mechanism for the automatic detection and localization of concealed objects. The core idea is to perform a comprehensive analysis of THz images using mixture models and multi-level segmentation to identify concealed objects as grayish blob-like structures in front of a bright human body. Thereafter, a computational model of visual saliency, motivated by biological vision, is used to accurately locate these structures and generate the concealed object map. Finally, the concealed object map is improved using the Superpixels module for precise localization of concealed objects. Experimental results indicate that the proposed framework enables effective hidden object detection and shows superior performance compared to other recently proposed methods. The quantitative and qualitative experimental results on a real passive THz dataset indicate that the proposed framework enables effective concealed object detection and depicts superior performance compared to traditional approaches. It achieves a 100% detection rate (100% recall), and 14% false alarm rate (86% precision) on the test dataset, demonstrating the high efficacy of the proposed approach in identifying concealed objects.
Viability, Identity, and the ‘Browning’ of New Zealand Cricket
Authors: Ryan Greg
Published: November 2024

Although a highly developed country, New Zealand is demographically the smallest of the leading cricket nations. It is also a country in which rugby union has dominated sporting consciousness for more than a century. Over the last decade and more the domestic and international cricket landscapes have also been shaped to some extent by the dominance of neighbouring Australia, and especially so with the popularity of the Big Bash 20/20 league and its parallel Women’s Big Bash League competition. Both participation rates and the financial stability of the New Zealand game have been subject to periodic fluctuations. Having said that, since at least 2015 the New Zealand men’s team has enjoyed one of its most consistently successful periods in the international arena. Having established this context, the chapter explores both specific strategies deployed by New Zealand Cricket Inc. and its provincial affiliates to enhance the player base and financial viability of the game and also considers broader demographic and cultural factors that have influenced these strategies. In particular, it examines both the growing presence of indigenous Māori and other Polynesian players and the impact of relatively recent migrant groups, and especially Indians, within New Zealand cricket at all levels. While the latter trend is by no means unique to New Zealand, it is undoubtedly having a substantial impact on a game that was long regarded as White, middle-class, and rather conservative.
Scribal Representations and Social Landscapes of the Iron Age Shephelah
Authors: Leonard-Fleckman Mahri
Published: November 2024

Scribal Representations and Social Landscapes of the Iron Age Shephelah presents irresolution as a practice for scholars of the Hebrew Bible and the ancient Levant. While the role of scholarship is often defined by its ability to reach definitive conclusions, Mahri Leonard-Fleckman illustrates how resisting conclusions can be an asset to investigating the distant past. She does so by analyzing identity in the Iron Age Shephelah, a complex social-political place and one of the most intensely excavated areas in the world. Focusing on two sites, Timnah and Gath, Scribal Representations journeys through texts and archaeology that bear witness to the social and political complexities of the region. Along the way, Leonard-Fleckman advances new hypotheses that illuminate biblical passages while maintaining a nuanced position that exemplifies irresolution as practice. This book draws together a range of critical perspectives to create a compelling conversation about identity and history among anthropologists, archaeologists, biblical scholars, literary theorists, and intellectual historians.
Entangled Landscapes
Authors: Leonard-Fleckman Mahri
Published: November 2024

Chapter 2 examines the question of identity in the Iron Age Shephelah in conjunction with archaeological methods, and it examines the role that biblical categories play in the interpretation of archaeological remains. Alongside current methods in archaeology, anthropology, and art history, the chapter proposes that the archaeological evidence in the region points to communities of practice and interaction rather than to static states of being. It also proposes that textual representations of identity and place can, like the archaeological evidence, be viewed as spaces of interaction and relationship. The chapter also interrogates the use of generic, essentialized categories of identity that come from ancient biblical sources, especially “Philistine,” and it describes the use of the term “identity” in the book as a purposefully broad category to refer to social representations of the proximate Other.
The Art of History
Authors: Leonard-Fleckman Mahri
Published: November 2024

Chapter 7 concludes by proposing that the historical practice and the poetics of history involve the interweaving of literature and history in the ongoing re-enactment of the past. Scriptural texts are unique from other forms of history writing and from the rules of modern narration because scribes were more interested in preserving a cacophony of views than in presenting a unified view of the past. The chapter argues that the historian in biblical studies is tasked with upholding the heterogeneity and the complexity of the literary-historical practice. In doing so, we come closer to understanding the intentions of scribes and their audiences as they shaped Jewish history and tradition. Still, some compositional and historical claims about this ancient past may be forever unresolved, and hence irresolution is a necessary method and stance in the historical practice.
Integration of a surgical bipolar ablation device within an electroanatomical mapping system during epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a case report
Authors: Mills Mark T , Welsh Kirstin , Sahu Jonathan , Hunter Steven , Kirkwood Graeme J
Published: November 2024

Background

Epicardial ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation is an established approach in patients with epicardial arrhythmogenic foci and is most commonly performed via percutaneous access. An alternative approach is via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), although reports of this technique are limited to the use of catheter-based technologies for radiofrequency ablation delivery.

Case summary

A 55-year-old man with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy presented with recurrent VT despite medical therapy. Twelve-lead ECG and cardiac MRI were suggestive of an epicardial left ventricular lateral wall breakout. Epicardial ablation was successfully performed via VATS using a linear surgical bipolar ablation device with electroanatomical mapping (EAM) integration. Following ablation, VT was non-inducible. Other than six short episodes of non-sustained during initial follow-up (up to 6 weeks), the patient remained free of ventricular arrhythmias at 18 months with minimal anti-arrhythmic therapy.

Discussion

Epicardial VT ablation via VATS is feasible and allows for integration of a surgical ablation device within an EAM system. This may serve as an alternative approach in patients with a failed percutaneous ablation, or those with adverse features for a successful percutaneous procedure.
Who Rallies Round the Flag? The Impact of the US Sanctions on Iranians’ Attitude toward the Government
Authors: RezaeeDaryakenari Babak , Ghafouri Vahid , Kasap Nihat
Published: November 2024

While politicians often argue that economic sanctions can induce policy changes in targeted states by undermining elite and public support for the reigning government, the efficacy of these measures, particularly against non-democratic regimes, is debatable. We propose that, counterintuitively, economic sanctions can bolster rather than diminish support for the sanctioned government, even in non-democratic contexts. However, this support shift and its magnitude can differ across various political factions and depend on the nature of the sanctions. To empirically evaluate our theoretical expectations, we use supervised machine learning to scrutinize nearly 2 million tweets from over 1,000 Iranian influencers, assessing their responses to both comprehensive and targeted sanctions during Donald Trump’s presidency. Our analysis shows that comprehensive sanctions generally improved sentiments toward the Iranian government, even among its moderate oppositions, rendering them more aligned with the state’s stance. Conversely, while targeted sanctions elicited a milder rally-around-the-flag response, the identity of the targeted entity plays a crucial role in determining the scale of this reaction.
Process evaluation of the digital Health4Life intervention among a sample of disadvantaged adolescents and teachers
Authors: Egan Lyra , Gardner Lauren A , Newton Nicola C , Champion Katrina E
Published: November 2024

Disadvantaged adolescents, including those from lower socioeconomic status (SES) or geographically remote backgrounds, engage in higher rates of risk behaviours, including poor diet, alcohol and tobacco use. While digital interventions targeting lifestyle risk behaviours show potential, few studies have focused on their implementation and relevance for this population. This study conducted a process evaluation of ‘Health4Life’, a universal school-based digital program targeting multiple behaviours, among a sample of disadvantaged adolescents. Participants were from six schools classified as low SES (Index of Community Socio-educational Advantage percentile score ≤ 25%), and/or regional using the Australian Statistical Geography Standard. Self-reported student (n = 214) and teacher evaluations (n = 16) assessed Health4Life’s acceptability, with qualitative questions capturing areas for improvement. Teacher-reported implementation data (n = 16) measured intervention fidelity and feasibility. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and open-ended responses were thematically analysed. Compared to the entire sample, this subset of students evaluated Health4Life less favourably (66% versus 75%), with fewer enjoying the stories (63% versus 75%) and planning to use the skills and information (60% versus 70%). Teacher evaluations were mostly positive and aligned closely with the entire sample. Fidelity data also indicated comparable levels of student engagement (~92% versus ~85%). Key themes for refinement included improving content relevance and technical execution to better resonate with disadvantaged adolescents. While teacher evaluations suggest Health4Life is a valuable program in low SES or regional contexts, students’ lower ratings indicate refinements are needed. Identified areas for improvement will guide co-designing the program’s adaptation to improve effectiveness and relevance for disadvantaged adolescents.

Trial registration: The Health4Life trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000431123).
Real-World Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray: A Comprehensive Analysis of Esketamine and Respiratory Depression
Authors: Chepke Craig , Shelton Richard , Sanacora Gerard , Doherty Teodora , Tsytsik Palina , Parker Nancy
Published: November 2024

Background

Esketamine nasal spray (ESK) is approved, in conjunction with an oral antidepressant, for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression in adults and for the treatment of depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation or behavior. No adverse events (AEs) of respiratory depression were reported in ESK phase 3 clinical trials; however, postmarketing incidents of respiratory depression associated with ESK use have been observed.

Methods

The Janssen Global Medical Safety (GMS) database was reviewed for cases meeting the criteria for respiratory depression with ESK using 47 months of postapproval data, based on the Standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Query (SMQ) acute central respiratory depression (broad). FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), EudraVigilance, and literature searches were performed to identify reports of respiratory depression related to ESK use.

Results

Fifty cases, representing 50 patients, in the GMS database met the case definition for respiratory depression; 8 of these had a stronger association with ESK use. The MedDRA preferred term (PT) hypopnea met the threshold for disproportionality with ESK in FAERS. The MedDRA PTs asphyxia, oxygen saturation decreased, respiratory depression, and apnea met the threshold for disproportionality with ESK in EudraVigilance.

Conclusion

Despite extensive soliciting of AEs for ESK with the US Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program, respiratory depression is infrequently observed with ESK treatment in the postmarketing setting (estimated incidence: 1 case per 20 000 treatment sessions). Symptoms are manageable and resolve with minor supportive measures. Monitoring for symptoms of respiratory depression, including pulse oximetry, is recommended within the postdose observation period.
The time-accurate solution of the fractional Laplacian-based viscoacoustic wave equation based on the hybrid rapid expansion method
Authors: Wang Yinfeng , Lu Jilong , Shi Ying , Zhang Shaohua , Wang Ning , Li Songling , Han Liguo
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the attention paid to the viscoacoustic wave equation with decoupled fractional Laplacian (DFL) operators has increased remarkably. This is due to the equation's unique decoupling property and its ability to accurately characterize the quality factor. The DFL viscoacoustic equation is typically computed numerically employing the finite difference (FD) and Fourier pseudo-spectral (PS) methods with respect to the derivatives of time and space, respectively. Although the FD-PS method provides spectral accuracy in the spatial domain, its time accuracy is limited to second order. In scenarios with a larger time sampling interval, the FD-PS method might encounter significant time dispersion. Although reducing the time sampling interval can alleviate this dispersion, it significantly boosts computational cost. To correct the time error introduced by time dispersion, we propose a hybrid rapid expansion method (HREM) to rectify the time error in DFL viscoacoustic equation. This method mitigates the time error by compensating for the dispersion-dominated term that exerts a considerable influence on the time error. HREM has been validated to effectively correct the time error through theoretical analysis and numerical experiments. Compared to the traditional FD-PS method, the stability condition of HREM is looser, thereby conferring enhanced flexibility in the selection of sampling parameters. Furthermore, HREM allows for the accurate estimation of the wavefield with larger time steps. The application of a three-dimensional overthrust model illustrates its effectiveness for large-scale seismic modelling.
Association of workplace stressors prior to infection and the development of Long COVID among workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study in Japan
Authors: Igarashi Yu , Tateishi Seiichiro , Harada Arisa , Hino Ayako , Tsuji Mayumi , Ando Hajime , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa , Mori Koji
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Long COVID is a global health concern. Although various risk factors are known, the link between workplace factors and Long COVID is underexplored. We conducted a cohort study to examine the impact of preinfection workplace stressors on Long COVID among Japanese workers, with the aim of improving understanding of its disease process and inform workplace management.

Methods

This prospective cohort study used online survey data collected in December 2020 and December 2022 from 1539 participants with no initial infection history but later reported COVID-19. Workplace stressors were assessed at baseline using the Job Content Questionnaire, which measured job demands, job control, and social support. At the follow-up survey, COVID-19 infection was determined by self-reported positive SARS-CoV-2 test by polymerase chain reaction or antigen, and development of Long COVID was defined as symptoms persisting for over 2 months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses estimated odds ratios (ORs) for the association between workplace stressors and the development of Long COVID.

Results

Of the participants, 248 reported Long COVID. Univariate analysis showed that both high job demands (OR: 1.55; 95% CI, 1.09-2.20) and poor job control (OR: 1.50; 95% CI, 1.04-2.18) increased the odds. Poor supervisor support (OR: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.16-2.58) and co-worker support (OR: 1.59; 95% CI, 1.13-2.23) were also significant. On multivariate analysis, job demands remained significantly associated with Long COVID.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that preinfection workplace stressors may contribute to Long COVID development in workers. Managing workplace stressors effectively could be a preventive measure.
More on semantic restrictions on certain complementizers
Authors: Zuber Richard
Published: November 2024

This article is an extension of the previous work of the author on the semantic explanation of constraints on the choice of sentential complements and thus on the form of specific sentence modifiers. First, various semantic properties of sentence modifiers or sentential operators are described. Second, a novel notion of non-informative or trivial sentence modifier is proposed. This notion is a generalization of the notion of an analytic sentence in which the notion of presupposition plays an essential role. It is shown that the presence or absence of the complementizer that or whether in the sentence modifier (sentence operator) depends on whether the modifier forms an informative or non-informative sentence with its sentential argument. Among new examples of sentential operators complex operators in which additionally verbal modifiers occur are discussed. Such additional modification may force a change of the choice of the complementizer. All these considerations are made within a framework in which no possible worlds or similar entities are used.
Maurice Ravel and the Poetics of Originality, 1907–14
Authors: Kilpatrick Emily
Published: November 2024

What does it mean to be an ‘original’ artist? In 1907, battling claims of dishonesty and plagiarism in the musical press, Maurice Ravel found himself uncomfortably preoccupied with that question. Compelled to a reckoning with the nature of ‘originality’ and ‘imitation’, Ravel turned to poetry and its discourses. This study contends that with Aloysius Bertrand’s Gaspard de la Nuit, Ravel’s lifelong fascination with the musical past was refocused through a conscious investigation of artistic innovation and exchange. Tracing a line from his own Gaspard (1908) through the piano music and critical writings of the pre-war years, it teases out a crucial strand of historical and literary influence that is closely twined with Ravel’s lifelong devotion both to Bertrand’s near-exact contemporary Edgar Allan Poe and to Baudelaire. In his negotiation of principle and practice, in words and in music, I explore Ravel’s emergent agency in the construction of his public persona.
Molecular basis of the phosphorothioation-sensing antiphage defense system IscS–DndBCDE–DndI
Authors: Tang Yaqian , Wu Dan , Zhang Yueying , Liu Xuan , Chu Hui , Tan Qian , Jiang Lixu , Chen Shi , Wu Geng , Wang Lianrong
Published: November 2024

Phosphorothioation serves as a DNA backbone modification mechanism, wherein a sulfur atom substitutes the nonbridging oxygen atom within the phosphodiester, facilitated by the gene products of dndABCDE or sspABCD. The combination of dndABCDE with dndFGH forms a bona fide defense system, where the DndFGH protein complex exhibits DNA nickase and DNA translocase activities to prevent phage invasion. In this study, we identified that dndI, co-transcribed with dndFGH, can independently couple with iscS-dndBCDE as an anti-phage defense system. Moreover, we resolved the crystal structure of DndI from Salmonella at a resolution of 3.10 Å. We discovered that its residue Y25, residing within a hydrophobic region of DndI, is involved in phosphorothioate (PT) sensing. Upon sensing PT modifications at 5′-GPSAAC-3′/5′-GPSTTC-3′, the ATPase activity of DndI is stimulated, which subsequently triggers a conformational transition, facilitating the dissociation of DndI from self-DNA, thereby allowing DndI to avoid cleaving self-DNA while restricting PT-deficient phage DNA. This research broadens the knowledge of the mechanistic diversity underlying PT-based defense systems and highlights their complexity in the course of evolution.
10089- IM-5 CHARACTERIZATION OF HIF-1Α KNOCKOUT PRIMARY HUMAN NATURAL KILLER CELLS INCLUDING POPULATIONS IN ALLOGENEIC GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Yamada Kengo , Nakazawa Tasutomu , Morimoto Takayuki , Maeoka Ryosuke , Matsuda Ryosuke , Nakamura Mitsutoshi , Nishimura Fumihiko , Yamada Shuichi , Park Young-Soo , Tsujimura Takahiro , Nakagawa Ichiro
Published: November 2024

Enhancing immune cell functions in tumors remains a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy. Natural killer cells (NK) are major innate effector cells with broad cytotoxicity against tumors. Accordingly, NK cells are ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapy, including glioblastoma (GBM). Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and tumor cells and normal cells adapt to the tumor microenvironment by upregulating the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which can be detrimental to anti-tumor effector immune cell function, including that of NK cells. We knocked out HIF-1α in human primary NK cells using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Then, cellular characterizations were conducted in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Electroporating two HIF-1α-targeting guide RNA-Cas9 protein complexes inhibited HIF-1α expression in expanded NK cells. HIF-1α knockout human NK cells, including populations in hypoxic conditions, enhanced the growth inhibition of allogeneic GBM cells and induced apoptosis in GBM-cell-derived spheroids. RNA-sequencing revealed that the cytotoxicity of HIF-1α knockout NK cells could be related to increased perforin and TNF expression. The results demonstrated that HIF-1α knockout human NK cells, including populations, enhanced cytotoxicity in an environment mimicking the hypoxic conditions of GBM. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated HIF-1α knockout NK cells, including populations, could be a promising immunotherapeutic alternative in patients with GBM.
10148- ACT-7 BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY FROM TWO-DIRECTION FOR HIGH-GRADE MENINGIOMAS ACHIEVED BY PATIENT REPOSITIONING AND CONTINUOUS BPA ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Kashiwagi Hideki , Kawabata Shinji , Yoshimura Kohei , Fujikawa Yoshiki , Takeuchi Koji , Futamura Gen , Hiramatsu Ryo , Nonoguchi Naosuke , Furuse Motomasa , Hu Naonori , Sakurai Yoshinori , Tanaka Hiroki , Kondo Naoko , Suzuki Minoru , Ono Koji , Miyatake Shin-Ichi , Wanibuchi Masahiko
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

High-grade meningiomas are refractory to repeated surgery and radiotherapy. We have performed boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for high-grade meningiomas. We report on BNCT for extensive, deep or multiple lesions in recurrent high-grade meningiomas, using two-directional neutron irradiation in a single machine-time.

METHODS

BNCT was performed at a reactor power of 5 MW with the Heavy Water Neutron Irradiation Facility in the Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University. The boron compound used was boronophenylalanine (BPA), which was administered intravenously (200 mg/kg/h) for 2-hour before irradiation, followed by continuous BPA administration during irradiation. Those patients were repositioned between the first and second irradiations. Prescribed doses were calculated from the tolerable dose in normal brain and mucosal tissues.

RESULTS

Two-directional neutron irradiation was planned eight times. The irradiation durations were 40 ± 11.3 min for the first and 34.9 ± 8.7 min for the second. The irradiation interval was 36.7 ± 3.6 min. The second irradiation was interrupted or stopped at 2 cases. The factors for the two-directional irradiation were extensive tumor location, deep midline and multiple lesions. All patients developed treatment-related adverse events within one month, including increased amylase, fever, urine color change and dermatitis. Most adverse events resolved within six months.

CONCLUSIONS

Two-directional neutron irradiation reduces the dose to normal tissue and allows irradiation of multiple sites, thus ensuring tumor dose to deep midline lesions and allowing irradiation of large or multiple lesions. Adverse events were similar to those seen with BNCT for malignant gliomas at single neutron irradiation, suggesting the safety of two-directional neutron irradiation and continuous administration of BPA. This report may be a pioneer in the use of two-directional neutron irradiation.
10084- STMO-5 A CASE OF GLIOBLASTOMA SURGERY NEAR THE LANGUAGE AREA SAFELY REMOVED USING INTRAOPERATIVE LANGUAGE AREA MONITORING BASED ON GAMMA OSCILLATION REGULARITY ANALYSIS.
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Satou Yosuke , Kawauchi Yuta , Kon Takashi , Takahashi Junichiro , Tanaka Kosuke
Published: November 2024

We have been performing safe and reliable brain tumor surgery by visualizing epileptic lesions and areas of reduced brain function using gamma oscillation regularity analysis. In this report, we describe our experience of surgery in a case of glioblastoma near the language area in which intraoperative language monitoring using this analysis enabled safe and aggressive removal of the tumor. The patient was a male in his 50s. He was rushed to another hospital due to a seizure. A contrast-enhanced MRI scan of the head showed a ring-shaped lesion with a maximum diameter of 70 mm in the left frontal to temporal lobes, which was suspected to be a glioblastoma, and the patient was transferred to our hospital for treatment. At the time of transfer, the patient had mild dysarthria and confusion symptoms, and the dominant language hemisphere was on the left side in the WADA test. Aphasia symptoms worsened while the patient was waiting for surgery, and the language area was evaluated intraoperatively using cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) and gamma oscillation regularity analysis. Gamma oscillation regularity analysis revealed increased gamma oscillation regularity in areas that were excited by electrical stimulation via white matter fibers, and these areas were consistent with the language areas inferred by CCEP and could be better localized. Aggressive tumor resection was performed under intraoperative language area monitoring. There was no worsening of symptoms, and the preoperative aphasia symptoms resolved postoperatively. In this case, we were able to perform intraoperative language monitoring by taking advantage of the increase in gamma oscillation regularity in the areas excited by electrical stimulation via white matter fibers. Intraoperative gamma oscillation regularity analysis is very useful in brain tumor surgery and may become a new technique for intraoperative brain function monitoring.