bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrrolizidines.
Authors: Lim Andrew D. , Codelli Julian A. , Reisman Sarah E.
Published: June 2013

A catalytic enantioselective double 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition providing access to highly substituted pyrrolizidines, e.g. (IV), (VI), and (VIII) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Methylation of Indazoles Using Methyl 2,2,2‐Trichloromethylacetimidate.
Authors: Baddam Sudhakar Reddy , Kumar N. Uday , Reddy A. Panasa , Bandichhor Radeshwar
Published: June 2013

An efficient protocol is developed for the selective 2‐methylation of indazoles, which is of interest in drug synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—H Alkoxylation of Azoles.
Authors: Takemura Noriaki , Kuninobu Yoichiro , Kanai Motomu
Published: June 2013

The new copper‐catalyzed intramolecular and intermolecular alkoxylation of azoles proceeds under base‐free conditions even on gram scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Click Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2,3‐Triazoles with 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidinone or Amide Group via a One‐Pot Four‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Quan Zheng‐Jun , Xu Qiong , Zhang Zhang , Da Yu‐Xia , Wang Xi‐Cun
Published: June 2013

This one‐pot, two‐step protocol gives rise to N‐functionalized triazoles by a Cu(I)‐catalyzed multicomponent reaction between dihydropyrimidinones, paraformaldehyde, sodium azide, and alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Anticonvulsant Evaluation of Some 4‐Alkyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles.
Authors: Plech Tomasz , Luszczki Jarogniew J. , Wujec Monika , Flieger Jolanta , Pizon Magdalena
Published: June 2013

Most of the new triazole derivatives (VI) possess significant anticonvulsant activities.
ChemInform Abstract: MW Assisted Synthesis of Some Pyrazoles Containing Benzotriazole Moiety: An Environmentally Benign Approach.
Authors: Tiwari Urvashi , Ameta Chetna , Rawal Manish K. , Ameta Rakshit , Punjabi Pinki B.
Published: June 2013

The title compounds (IV) (14 examples) are obtained by microwave assisted cyclocondensation of substituted chalcones (III) with hydrazide of benzotriazole (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Hetero Diels—Alder Approach to the Synthesis of Chromans (3,4‐Dihydrobenzopyrans) Using Oxonium Ion Chemistry: The Oxa‐Povarov Reaction.
Authors: Taylor Rivka R. R. , Batey Robert A.
Published: June 2013

The reaction represents the formal inverse electron demand [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of in situ‐generated cationic aryl 2‐oxadiene oxocarbenium ions with alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of the Flavones and Aurones Through Regioselective Carbonylative Annulation of 2‐Bromophenols and Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Liu Jianming , Liu Muwen , Yue Yuanyuan , Zhang Ningfei , Zhang Yuanli , Zhuo Kelei
Published: June 2013

A slight modification in the amine solvent allows the selective preparation of the target skeletons.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of N‐(9‐Xanthyl)‐4‐toluenesulfonamides Enabled by an Addition—Cyclization Cascade of Arynes.
Authors: Lu Shan‐Shan , Lu Chong‐Dao
Published: June 2013

An asymmetric version using imine (VII) gives the product (VIII) with only poor diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of o‐Alkynylbenzyl Carbamates: A Route to Chiral Fluorinated Isoindoline and Isoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Fustero Santos , Ibanez Ignacio , Barrio Pablo , Maestro Miguel A. , Catalan Silvia
Published: June 2013

Title compounds are prepared in enantiomerically pure form by the diastereoselective addition of fluorinated nucleophiles to N‐(tert‐butanesulfinyl)imines (I) followed by a sequence of Sonogashira cross‐coupling/gold(I)‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of the corresponding carbamate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of 7‐Alkyloxy‐4,5‐dihydro‐imidazo[1,2‐a]quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Sun Xian‐Yu , Wu Rui , Wen Xiang , Guo Li , Zhou Chang‐Ping , Li Jian , Quan Zhe‐Shan , Bao Jun
Published: June 2013

Most of the new compounds (III) (20 examples) exhibit potential antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Novel Sequential Reactions for the Facile Synthesis of a Library of Bisheterocycles Possessing the 3‐Aminoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Core Catalyzed by Bismuth(III) Chloride.
Authors: Shahrisa Aziz , Esmati Somayeh
Published: June 2013

The procedures allow the access to the biologically important ring system: BiCl3‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of (het)aromatic aldehydes, 2‐aminopyridines, and isocyanides renders possible the synthesis of 3‐aminoimidazopyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Drug Design and Discovery. Part 24. Discovery of Coumarin—Monastrol Hybrid as Potential Antibreast Tumor‐Specific Agent.
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni V. , Avula Srinivasa Rao , Sharma Komal , Palnati Gopala Reddy , Bathula Surendar Reddy
Published: June 2013

A novel class of coumarin‐monastrol hybrids (VI) (7 examples) is synthesized via a Biginelli reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich Reaction in the Synthesis of N,S‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 15. Multicomponent Cascade Synthesis of 3,4,6a,7,8,9,10,10a‐Octahydro‐2H,6H‐pyrimido[4′,5′:4,5]pyrido[2,1‐b] [1,3,5]thia(selena)diazine Derivatives.
Authors: Frolov K. A. , Dotsenko V. V. , Krivokolysko S. G.
Published: June 2013

4 Title compounds of type (VI) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and in vitro anti‐Proliferative Activity of 4,6‐Quinazolinediamines as Potent EGFR‐TK Inhibitors.
Authors: Mowafy Samar , Farag Nahla A. , Abouzid Khaled A. M.
Published: June 2013

Most of the synthesized compounds exhibit potent EGFR inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Bromo Phenyl Substituted Carbazoles.
Authors: Indumathi T. , Brant T. , Zeller M. , Prasad K. J. Rajendra
Published: June 2013

A variety of heteroannulated carbazole derivatives (IV), (VII) and (IX) are synthesized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activities against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Free Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Evaluation of Potent Antimicrobial Activity of 1,11H‐Pyrimido[4,5‐a]carbazol‐2‐ones, 1,11H‐Pyrimido [4,5‐a]Carbazol‐2‐thiones and Pyrazolo[3,4‐a]carbazoles.
Authors: Velmurugan R. , Vijayasankar A. V. , Sekar M.
Published: June 2013

Some of the synthesized compounds exhibit significant antibacterial and antifungal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial Investigations.
Authors: Bhargava Sangeeta , Rajwanshi Lokesh K.
Published: June 2013

The synthesized compounds show moderate activities against various bacteria, such as E.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Hydrazinopyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines and Their Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Edrees Mastoura M.
Published: June 2013

A new 4‐hydrazinopyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine (II) is synthesized by heating 4,6‐dithioxo‐1H‐pyrazolopyrimidine (I) with hydrazine hydrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoxalines from o‐Phenylenediamines and Nitroolefins.
Authors: Chen Yongxin , Li Kangning , Zhao Mingming , Li Yuanjiao , Chen Baohua
Published: June 2013

Optimized conditions which do not need any additional base allow the preparation of various title compounds with a broad substitution pattern.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Incorporation of Carbon Dioxide into o‐Alkynylaniline Derivatives.
Authors: Ishida Tomonobu , Kikuchi Satoshi , Tsubo Tatsuyuki , Yamada Tohru
Published: June 2013

Benzoxazine‐2‐one derivatives are important heterocyclic structures due to their various pharmaceutical activities.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Two‐Step Synthesis of Novel 2‐Amino‐Substituted Pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazines.
Authors: Insuasty Henry , Insuasty Braulio , Castro Edison , Quiroga Jairo , Abonia Rodrigo
Published: June 2013

Substrates (I), prepared according to a recently reported procedure, undergo amination/cyclization upon treatment with amines in the presence of HgCl2/NEt3.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino [3 + 2 + 1] Heterocyclization of Isothiocyanates with Aryl Amidines Leading to Polysubstituted 1,3,5‐Triazine Derivatives.
Authors: Li Na , Tu Man‐Su , Jiang Bo , Wang Xiang , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: June 2013

A convenient one‐pot procedure renders possible the preparation of triazine derivatives (24 examples) in a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Access to Polyoxygenated Polycyclic Spirolactones Through a Rhodium‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction: Experimental and Theoretical Studies.
Authors: Rodier Fabien , Rajzmann Michel , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Chouraqui Gaelle , Commeiras Laurent
Published: June 2013

Depending on the length of the chain between the diazo moiety and the exocyclic double bond either the spiro compounds (II and IV) or the pyran derivatives (VI) are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrazoloquinoline‐Based Mono‐ and Bisphosphonate Esters as Potent Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Abdou Wafaa M. , Khidre Rizk E. , Shaddy Abeer A.
Published: June 2013

Three different types of new phosphono‐substituted tetrazolo quinolines are synthesized by reacting 2‐azidoquinoline‐3‐carboxaldehydes (I) with phosphites, phosphines, and Horner—Emmons reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Enhanced Synthesis of gem‐Bisphosphonates via Rh(I) Mediated 1,4‐Conjugate Addition of Aryl Boronic Acids to Vinylidenebisphosphonate Esters.
Authors: Bianchini Giulio , Scarso Alessandro , Chiminazzo Andrea , Sperni Laura , Strukul Giorgio
Published: June 2013

The employment of water as the solvent is crucial to substantially improve the yields with a wide range of boronic acids (II) and esters (IV) bearing various functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Organophosphate Monoesters from Alcohols.
Authors: Lira Lucas M. , Vasilev Dimitri , Pilli Ronaldo A. , Wessjohann Ludger A.
Published: June 2013

A reactive phosphorylated trichloroacetimidate, prepared in situ, is treated with alcohols to form organophosphate monoesters as ammonium salts which are used in biological processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Cleavage of Diorganyl Diselenides with NaBH4/PEG‐400 and Direct Michael Addition to Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Perin Gelson , Borges Elton L. , Rosa Paloma C. , Carvalho Patrick N. , Lenardao Eder J.
Published: June 2013

A new protocol renders possible in situ generation of nucleophilic selenium species which allow the preparation of Se‐functionalized Michael adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis‐Vinyl Selenides Obtained via Iron(III) Catalyzed Addition of PhSeSePh to Alkynes: Synthesis and Antinociceptive Activity.
Authors: Sartori Glaubia , Neto Jose S. S. , Pesarico Ana Paula , Back Davi F. , Nogueira Cristina W. , Zeni Gilson
Published: June 2013

The pharmacological results demonstrate that some derivatives, e.g. (IIIf), elicite antinociceptive effects in the mouse formalin test.
ChemInform Abstract: Organotellurium Chemistry: Remarkably Facile Preparation of Benzo‐1,3‐tellurazoles.
Authors: McMullen Nathan C. , Fronczek Frank R. , Junk Thomas
Published: June 2013

A facile two‐step sequence for the synthesis of the title compounds is presented from readily available 2‐haloanilines (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of New Substituted Mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazine Derivatives, Their Thioglycosides, and Acyclic Thioglycoside Analogues.
Authors: Nassar Ibrahim F.
Published: June 2013

Title compounds are synthesized starting from triazine derivative (I) and evaluated for their antitumor and cytotoxic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Virosaine A and Bubbialidine.
Authors: Miyatake‐Ondozabal Hideki , Bannwart Linda M. , Gademann Karl
Published: June 2013

An intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition is applied to construct the complex ring system of virosaine A (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Mechanochemical Syntheses of Functional Materials
Authors: Zhang Qiwu , Saito Fumio
Published: June 2013

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Colloidal Nanocrystal Quantum Dot Assemblies as Artificial Solids
Authors: Hanrath Tobias
Published: June 2013

Review: 298 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anisotropy of Spin Relaxation and Transverse Transport in Metals
Authors: Mokrousov Yuriy , Zhang Hongbin , Freimuth Frank , Zimmermann Bernd , Long Nguyen H. , Weischenberg Juergen , Souza Ivo , Mavropoulos Phivos , Bluegel Stefan
Published: June 2013

Review: theoretical considerations; 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Magnesium Aluminate (MgAl2O4) Spinel: Synthesis, Processing and Applications
Authors: Ganesh I.
Published: June 2013

Review: 266 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanical Properties of Kaolin‐base Ceramics During Firing
Authors: Stubna Igor , Trnik Anton , Chmelik Frantisek , Vozar Libor
Published: June 2013

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol—Gel Coordination Chemistry: Building Catalysts from the Bottom‐Up
Authors: Serrano Elena , Linares Noemi , Garcia‐Martinez Javier , Berenguer Jesus R.
Published: June 2013

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Uranium Carbene Compounds
Authors: Ephritikhine Michel
Published: June 2013

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon Single Bond Activation
Authors: Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Plietker Bernd
Published: June 2013

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coinage Metal Catalysts for the Addition of O—H to C=C Bonds.
Authors: Barreiro Elena M. , Adrio Luis A. , Hii King Kuok , Brazier John B.
Published: June 2013

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Building Blocks by Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Hydrodefluorination Reactions
Authors: Kuehnel Moritz F. , Lentz Dieter , Braun Thomas
Published: June 2013

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitro‐Mannich Reaction
Authors: Noble Adam , Anderson James C.
Published: June 2013

Review: 274 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Synthesis of Four‐Membered Ring Amino Acids
Authors: Aitken David J.
Published: June 2013

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycal‐Derived δ‐Hydroxy α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes (Perlin Aldehydes): Versatile Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Reddy L. Vijaya Raghava , Kumar Vikas , Sagar Ram , Shaw Arun K.
Published: June 2013

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Iron Catalysts for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Gopalaiah Kovuru
Published: June 2013

Review: 189 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Mediated Synthesis of Monocyclic Aromatic Heterocycles
Authors: Gulevich Anton V. , Dudnik Alexander S. , Chernyak Natalia , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: June 2013

Review: 1074 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylglyoxals in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Eftekhari‐Sis Bagher , Zirak Maryam , Akbari Ali
Published: June 2013

Review: 1829 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zwitterions and Zwitterion‐Trapping Agents in Isocyanide Chemistry
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Sarvary Afshin , Maleki Ali
Published: June 2013

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs
Authors: Jawahar N. , Meyyanathan S. N. , Reddy Gowtham , Sood Sumeet
Published: June 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanosize Effects in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Strizhak P. E.
Published: June 2013

Review: 153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalysis: In situ Analysis of Reactions at the Site Level
Authors: Goodwin James G. Jr. , Hammache Sonia , Shannon Schohn L. , Kim Soo Y.
Published: June 2013

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Single, Double, Triple Bonds and Chains: The Formation of Electron‐Precise B—B Bonds.
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D.
Published: June 2013

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Reducing Sugars
Authors: Singh J. V. , Awasthi Anupam , Dipti Dipti , Tomar Ashish , Singh Devendra
Published: June 2013

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Ionic Liquids in Melts
Authors: Aslanov L. A.
Published: June 2013

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering Hierarchical Nanostructures by Elastocapillary Self‐Assembly
Authors: De Volder Michael , Hart A. John
Published: June 2013

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Opportunities for Organic Electronics and Bioelectronics: Ions in Action
Authors: Tarabella Giuseppe , Mohammadi Farzaneh Mahvash , Coppede Nicola , Barbero Francesco , Iannotta Savatore , Santato Clara , Cicoira Fabio
Published: June 2013

Review: [87 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Transition‐Temperature Mixtures (LTTMs): A New Generation of Designer Solvents.
Authors: Francisco Maria , van den Bruinhorst Adriaan , Kroon Maaike C.
Published: June 2013

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Fluorescent Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Biology and Medicine.
Authors: Wu Changfeng , Chiu Daniel T.
Published: June 2013

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Dispersion: A New Horizen in Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Rathore Devender Singh , Thakur Reeta Rani , Narwal Sonia
Published: June 2013

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Inorganic Porous Materials for Enzyme Adsorption and Applications in Biocatalysis
Authors: Fried Dorothee I. , Brieler Felix J. , Froeba Michael
Published: June 2013

Review: 201 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Basic Concepts in Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfidic Mine‐Waste Management
Authors: Dold Bernhard
Published: June 2013

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Disinfection and Antimicrobial Processes
Authors: Kuo Jeff , Chan Tat‐Fu
Published: June 2013

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interrogating Novel Areas of Chemical Space for Drug Discovery Using Chemoinformatics
Authors: Medina‐Franco Jose L.
Published: June 2013

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Visual Sensing with Conjugated Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Liang Jing , Li Kai , Liu Bin
Published: June 2013

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformations of Lower‐Size Large Cyclodextrins (DP from 10 to 30) Derived from Conformational Search with Molecular Dynamics and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Ivanov Petko
Published: June 2013

Review: 115 refs.
Microwave‐Assisted Dried Volcanic Tephra/Calcium Alginate Composite for Phosphate Removal from Micro‐Polluted Wastewater
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Li Longhai , Zhang Wenzhong , Xu Fang , Niu Mingjie , Wang Jingying , Wang Yifan
Published: June 2013

After a kind of volcanic tephra (VT) mineral from Changbai Mountains, Jilin, China, was entrapped into Ca‐alginate (CA) beads, dried VT/CA composites were formed by microwave‐assisted drying system. The acquired composites were studied for adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solution. The effects of composite dosage (25–250 g/L), initial solution pH (1–10), and initial phosphate concentration (5–50 mg P/L) on phosphate removal were evaluated in a batch mode of operation. Adsorption thermodynamics (changes in the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy) and kinetics (adsorption rate constants) have been studied. The results showed that phosphate removal capacity of ca. 0.10 mg P/g composites was achieved for the treatment of micro‐polluted wastewater (15 mg P/L) with the dosage of 150 g/L under a shaking rate of 200 rpm. The phosphate removal efficiency was over 90% at aqueous solution pH of 1 to 6. Possible release of elemental ions from VT/CA composites into aqueous solution was analyzed. The mechanism of phosphate removal by the VT/CA composites was discussed and the VT/CA composites were used for phosphate removal from micro‐polluted wastewater in rural area in China. Overall, the microwave‐assisted dried VT/CA composites had characteristics of being convenient for processing and long‐term storage, environmentally friendly, and simple manipulation at small‐scale for treatment of micro‐polluted wastewater.
Treatment of early‐stage prostate cancer among rural and urban patients
Authors: Baldwin Laura‐Mae , Andrilla C. Holly A. , Porter Michael P. , Rosenblatt Roger A. , Patel Shilpen , Doescher Mark P.
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND

Geographic barriers and limited availability of cancer specialists may influence early prostate cancer treatment options for rural men. This study compares receipt of different early prostate cancer treatments between rural and urban patients.

METHODS

Using 2004‐2006 SEER Limited‐Use Data, 51,982 early prostate cancer patients were identified (T1c, T2a, T2b, T2c, T2NOS; no metastases) who were most likely to benefit from definitive treatment (< 75 years old, Gleason score < 8, PSA ≤ 20). Definitive treatment included radical prostatectomy, daily external beam radiation for 5 to 8 weeks, brachytherapy, or combination external beam radiation/brachytherapy. Adjusted definitive treatment rates were calculated by rural–urban residence overall, and for different sociodemographic and cancer characteristics, and different states based on logistic regression analyses, using general estimating equation methods to account for clustering by county.

RESULTS

Adjusted definitive treatment rates were lower for rural (83.7%) than urban (87.1%) patients with early‐stage prostate cancer (P ≤ .01). Rural men were more likely than urban men to receive nondefinitive surgical treatment and no initial treatment. The lowest definitive treatment rates were among rural subgroups: 70 to 74 years (73.9%), African Americans (75.6%), American Indians/Alaska Natives (77.8%), single/separated/divorced (76.8%), living in New Mexico (69.3%), and living in counties with persistent poverty (79.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

Between 2004 and 2006, this adjusted analysis found that men who were living in rural areas were less likely to receive definitive treatment for their early‐stage prostate cancer than those living in urban areas. Certain rural patient groups with prostate cancer need particular attention to ensure their access to appropriate treatment. Rural providerss, rural health care systems, and cancer advocacy and support organizations should ensure resources are in place so that the most vulnerable rural groups (men between 60 and 74 years of age; African American men; men who are single, separated, or divorced; and men living in rural New Mexico) can make informed prostate cancer treatment choices based on their preferences. Cancer 2013;119:3067—3075. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Repetitively dosed docetaxel and 153samarium‐EDTMP as an antitumor strategy for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Autio Karen A. , Pandit‐Taskar Neeta , Carrasquillo Jorge A. , Stephenson Ryan D. , Slovin Susan F. , Rathkopf Dana E. , Hong Christina , Heller Glenn , Scher Howard I. , Larson Steven M. , Morris Michael J.
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND

β‐emitting bone‐seeking radiopharmaceuticals have historically been administered for pain palliation whereas docetaxel prolongs life in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In combination, these agents simultaneously target the bone stroma and cancer cell to optimize antitumor effects. The toxicity and efficacy when each agent is combined at full, recommended doses, in a repetitive fashion is not well established.

METHODS

Patients with progressive mCRPC and ≥3 bone lesions received 153Sm‐EDTMP (samarium‐153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate) at a dose of 1.0 mCi/kg every 9 weeks and docetaxel at a dose of 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. In the absence of unacceptable toxicity, patients were allowed to continue additional cycles, defined by 9 weeks of treatment, until intolerance or biochemical/radiographic disease progression.

RESULTS

Of the 30 patients treated, approximately 50% were considered to be taxane‐naive, 36.7% were taxane‐refractory, and 13.3% had previously been exposed to taxanes but were not considered refractory. Patients received on average 2.5 cycles of treatment (6.5 doses of docetaxel and 2.5 doses of 153Sm‐EDTMP). Twelve patients (40%) demonstrated a decline in their prostate‐specific antigen level of ≥50%. The median progression‐free survival (biochemical or radiographic) was 7.0 months and the overall survival was 14.3 months. Nine patients (30%) did not recover platelet counts >100 K/mm3 after a median of 3 cycles to allow for additional treatment, with 4 patients experiencing prolonged thrombocytopenia. The most common reasons for trial discontinuation were progressive disease and hematologic toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current study indicate that 153Sm‐EDTMP can be safely combined with docetaxel at full doses on an ongoing basis in patients with mCRPC. Although thrombocytopenia limited therapy for some patients, preliminary efficacy supports the strategy of combining a radiopharmaceutical with chemotherapy, which is an appealing strategy given the anticipated availability of α emitters that can prolong survival. Cancer 2013;119:3186–3194. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus‐8–negative effusion‐based lymphoma: Report of 3 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Xiao Jingnan , Selvaggi Suzanne M. , Leith Catherine P. , Fitzgerald Sean A , Stewart Jimmie
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare subtype of large B‐cell lymphoma that arises in body cavities without detectable tumor masses. PEL is universally associated with Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus‐8 (HHV8). Despite overlapping features, KSHV/HHV8‐negative effusion‐based lymphoma is a distinct entity from PEL. To date, 52 cases have been reported. The authors report 3 additional cases received in their laboratory from 2007 to 2012.

METHODS

Clinical data, cytomorphologic features, and immunophenotypic features of the 3 cases were described and compared with those reported in the literature.

RESULTS

The cells in HHV8‐negative effusion lymphoma commonly revealed large cell, immunoblastic morphology and B‐cell immunophenotype. The 3 cases demonstrated cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic variability. Cytomorphologically, 1 case contained large, highly atypical cells with a moderate amount of cytoplasm, round nucleus, coarsely granular chromatin, and a single macronucleolus. The other 2 cases had medium to large atypical cells with high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratios, slightly irregular to cleaved nuclei, and multiple conspicuous nucleoli. One case had a null phenotype with aberrant cytokeratin expression. B‐cell phenotype was established by clonal immunoglobulin heavy‐chain rearrangement using polymerase chain reaction, whereas the other 2 cases demonstrated a B‐cell phenotype by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining. All 3 cases were negative for both HHV8 and Epstein‐Barr virus.

CONCLUSIONS

HHV8‐negative effusion lymphoma exhibits clinical, cytomorphologic, and immunophenotypic variability. Cases with a null‐phenotype can be particularly challenging. When effusion lymphoma is suspected, ancillary tests are helpful. Moreover, HHV8 detection is critical in differentiating PEL and HHV8‐negative effusion lymphoma, because they have overlapping features yet different prognoses. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:661–9. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Theoretical Photodynamic Study of the Photoprotolytic Cycle of Firefly Oxyluciferin
Authors: Pinto da Silva Luís , Simkovitch Ron , Huppert Dan , Esteves da Silva Joaquim C. G.
Published: June 2013

Firefly oxyluciferin presents a pH‐sensitive fluorescence in aqueous solutions. Its fluorescence spectra are composed of two green peaks at different pH values, despite the enolate anion being the only emitter. A computational approach was used to further elucidate the photoprotolytic cycle of oxyluciferin and investigate its pH sensitivity. It was found that oxyluciferin forms π–π stacking complexes both in the ground and excited states, at basic and acidic/neutral pH. However, at different pH values, these complexes adopt a different conformation, which explains the lower energy of the emission at acidic/neutral pH, in comparison with the emission at basic pH.
The developmental origins of laterality: Fetal handedness
Authors: Hepper Peter G.
Published: June 2013

This paper reviews the evidence for lateralized motor behavior in the fetus around a number of key questions: does the fetus exhibit signs of laterality? when does lateralized motor behavior begin? is the lateralized preference consistently displayed? does prenatal handedness relate to postnatal handedness? and, does prenatal handedness relate to brain functioning? The evidence indicates that the fetus exhibits lateralized behavior from 10 weeks gestation, as soon as it independently moves its arms, and this is the precursor of lateralized motor behavior observed post‐natally. Data is presented suggesting that the strength of laterality decreases with advancing gestation and this correlates with more efficient information processing as assessed by habituation. However extreme caution is warranted in attempting to link asymmetric motor behavior and brain function prenatally. The paper concludes that the initial developmental emergence of lateralized behavior is under genetic control and is a fundamental feature of prenatal human development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 588–595, 2013.
Age‐dependent time courses of recovery for motor functions following acute toluene intoxication in rats
Authors: Samuel‐Herter Susan R. , Slaght Shelby L. , McKay Bruce E.
Published: June 2013

Toluene is a psychoactive chemical found in many household products including adhesives and thinners. Inhalation of these vapors can cause euphoria and impairments in motor control and neurological functioning. Misuse and abuse of toluene is most common in children, which may in part be due to an age‐dependent neurobehavioral sensitivity to toluene. Here we assessed the effects of acute binge‐like toluene inhalations (15 or 30 min; ∼5,000 ppm) on tasks that examine locomotion, exploration, balance, gait, and neurological functioning for adolescent (1 month), young adult (2–3 months), adult (5–6 months), and older adult (10–12 months) rats. Both motor and neurological functions were impaired following acute toluene inhalation at all ages. However, only the duration to recover from deficits in motor functions differed among age groups, with adolescent and young adult rats requiring notably longer recovery times than older rats. Our results are suggestive of an age‐dependent vulnerability to the intoxicating effects of toluene. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 657–673, 2014.
Behavioral and neural differences during two versions of cognitive shifting tasks in young children and adults
Authors: Moriguchi Yusuke , Hiraki Kazuo
Published: June 2013

The present study examined how young children and adult participants activated inferior prefrontal regions when they were given different cognitive shifting tasks. Children and adults were given two versions of the Dimensional Change Card Sort task (the standard and advanced versions), and brain activations during the tasks were examined using near infrared spectroscopy. On the behavioral level, the performance of both children and adults deteriorated during the advanced version as compared to the standard version. On the neural level, adults exhibited similar bilateral inferior prefrontal activations during the advanced version and the standard version. On the other hand, children showed the significant differences of the activations between the regions during the advanced version, but not during the standard version. The results indicated that children recruited different inferior prefrontal areas depending on the demands of cognitive shifting. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 761–769, 2014.
Hox regulation of transcription: More complex(es)
Authors: Ladam Franck , Sagerström Charles G.
Published: June 2013

Hox genes encode transcription factors with important roles during embryogenesis and tissue differentiation. Genetic analyses initially demonstrated that interfering with Hox genes has profound effects on the specification of cell identity, suggesting that Hox proteins regulate very specific sets of target genes. However, subsequent biochemical analyses revealed that Hox proteins bind DNA with relatively low affinity and specificity. Furthermore, it became clear that a given Hox protein could activate or repress transcription, depending on the context. A resolution to these paradoxes presented itself with the discovery that Hox proteins do not function in isolation, but interact with other factors in complexes. The first such “cofactors” were members of the Extradenticle/Pbx and Homothorax/Meis/Prep families. However, the list of Hox‐interacting proteins has continued to grow, suggesting that Hox complexes contain many more components than initially thought. Additionally, the activities of the various components and the exact mechanisms whereby they modulate the activity of the complex remain puzzling. Here, we review the various proteins known to participate in Hox complexes and discuss their likely functions. We also consider that Hox complexes of different compositions may have different activities and discuss mechanisms whereby Hox complexes may be switched between active and inactive states. Developmental Dynamics 243:4–15, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initiation of primary myogenesis in amniote limb muscles
Authors: Lee Antonio S.J. , Harris John , Bate Michael , Vijayraghavan Krishnaswamy , Fisher Lorryn , Tajbakhsh Shahragim , Duxson Marilyn
Published: June 2013

Background: Vertebrate muscles are defined and patterned at the stage of primary myotube formation, but there is no clear description of how these cells form in vivo. Of particular interest is whether primary myotubes are “seeded” by a unique myoblast population that differentiates as mononucleated myocytes, similar to the founder myoblasts of insects. Results: We analyzed the cell populations and processes leading to initiation of primary myogenesis in limb buds of rats and mice. Pax3+ve myogenic precursors migrate into the limb bud and initially consolidate into dorsal and ventral muscle masses in the absence of Pax7 expression. Approximately a day later, Pax7+ve cells appear in the central aspect of the limb base and subsequently throughout the limb muscle masses. Primary myogenesis is initiated within each muscle mass at a time when only Pax3, and not Pax7, protein can be detected. Primary myotubes form initially as elongate mononucleated myocytes, well before cleavage of the muscle masses has occurred. Multinucleate myotubes appear approximately a day later. A similar process is seen during initiation of chick limb primary myogenesis. Conclusions: Primary myotubes of vertebrate limb muscles are initiated by mononucleated myocytes, that appear structurally analogous to the founder myoblasts of insects. Developmental Dynamics 242:1043–1055, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of X–H Bonds (X = N, P, O, S) with SCS Pincer Palladium Complexes: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Nicolas Emmanuel , Martin‐Vaca Blanca , Mézailles Nicolas , Bourissou Didier , Maron Laurent
Published: June 2013

Activation of X–H bonds with SCS pincer palladium complexes featuring methanediide and indenediide backbones was studied by DFT calculations. Me2NH, Me2PH, MeOH, MeSH, PhOH, and PhSH were chosen as model substrates. Different products were considered for these addition reactions: simple adduct (X coordination), 1,2‐addition across the Pd–C and Pd–S bonds, 1,3‐addition (if possible), as well as oxidative addition at Pd. For the methanediide system, 1,2‐PdC adducts were predicted to be the most favored activation products. For the indenediide system, 1,3‐PdC and 1,2‐PdC additions are conceivable. This theoretical study suggests that methanediide and indenediide Pd complexes may be interesting candidates for catalytic transformations involving X–H bond activation, typically hydrofunctionalization reactions.
Coplanar Tetracyclic π‐Excess σ2P Ligands
Authors: Niaz Basit , Iftikhar Fatima , Kindermann Markus K. , Jones Peter G. , Heinicke Joachim
Published: June 2013

The acid‐catalyzed reactions of 5‐methyl‐2‐phosphanylaniline (1) with dialdehydes were studied. Whereas the reaction with glyoxal provides a mixture of two 1H‐1,3‐benzazaphospholes, 2 and 3, by concomitant reduction of a CHO group and C–C bond cleavage, respectively, the reaction with o‐phthalic dicarbaldehyde provided in excellent yield the tetracyclic planar benzazaphosphole 4, which was characterized by crystal structure analysis. The active hydrogen atoms, delivered by aromatization of a dihydrobenzazaphosphole intermediate, forms an N–CH2 bridge by reductive N‐alkylation. Pyridine‐2,6‐dicarbaldehyde reacts analogously but not chemoselectively and, thus, gives two isomers 5 and 6. Condensation with pyridine‐2,6‐dicarbaldehyde afforded the bis(benzazaphosphole)pyridine pincer ligand 7, but along with 2‐(benzazaphospholyl)‐6‐tolylpyridine (8) by partial P–C bond cleavage. The high upfield 31P NMR chemical shift of 4 compared to those of normal benzazaphospholes indicates it to be a particularly π‐rich σ2P ligand.
From Cyclopentadiene to Isoxazoline‐Carbocyclic Nucleosides; Synthesis of Highly Active Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus H1N1
Authors: Quadrelli Paolo , Mella Mariella , Legnani Laura , Al‐Saad Dalya
Published: June 2013

The synthesis of isoxazolino‐carbocyclic nornucleosides incorporating a quinoline moiety was tuned through nitrosocarbonyl intermediate chemistry, and a range of adenine analogues were attained through the linear construction of purine heterocyclic rings. The synthesis hinges on exo‐selective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of quinolinenitrile oxide to the 2,3‐oxazanorborn‐5‐enes and simple elaboration of the cycloadducts. The nucleoside derivatives were initially tested for their inhibitory activity against a variety of viruses, including HBV, PTV and Flu A virus H1N1. High antiviral activities were found for compounds 22aA and 22bA in the case of Flu A H1N1.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Strongylin A, a Rearranged Sesquiterpenoid Hydroquinone from a Marine Sponge
Authors: Kamishima Takaaki , Kikuchi Takuya , Katoh Tadashi
Published: June 2013

A biologically attractive and structurally unique marine natural product, (+)‐strongylin A (1), was synthesized for the first time by starting from a known trans‐decalone derivative (19 % overall yield in 11 steps). The synthetic method involved the following key steps: (i) stereocontrolled hydrogenation of an exo‐olefinic decalin to install the C8 stereogenic centre present in the required decalin segment; (ii) coupling of the decalin segment with an aromatic moiety to assemble the desired carbon skeleton; and (iii) sequential BF3·Et2O‐induced dehydroxylation/rearrangement/cyclization of a decalin tertiary alcohol to directly produce target compound 1. This total synthesis has established the absolute configuration of the natural product.
One‐Step Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Monofluoroalkenes from 3,3,3‐Trifluoropropionates
Authors: Lecea Mercedes , Grassin Adrien , Ferreiro‐Mederos Leticia , Choppin Sabine , Urbano Antonio , Carreňo M. Carmen , Colobert Françoise
Published: June 2013

Stereoselective synthesis of (E)‐monofluoroalkenes was achieved in one step by condensation of organolithium or Grignard reagents with 3,3,3‐trifluoropropionates. Highly functionalized monofluoroalkenes were obtained in good to excellent yields and stereoselectivities.
Change in IgG1Fc N‐linked glycosylation in human lung cancer: Age‐ and sex‐related diagnostic potential
Authors: Chen Guoqiang , Wang Yanmin , Qin Xuzhen , Li Hexiang , Guo Yumei , Wang Yanying , Liu Hui , Wang Xiaodong , Song Gaoguang , Li Fang , Li Fenjie , Guo Shuai , Qiu Ling , Li Zhili
Published: June 2013

The interactions of IgG Fc region with Fc receptors are optimized by the tailoring of a single‐conserved N‐linked glycosylation site at Asn‐297. Our previous study has demonstrated that the age‐related Fc‐glycosylation change is featured by sex specificity and that the Fc‐glycosylation has the potential for disease discrimination. Here, we conducted a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS‐based profiling study involving 410 control individuals and 259 lung cancer (LC) patients. As compared to healthy controls, the marked increase in IgG1 Fc‐agalactosylation and decrease in galactosylation were observed in LC patients. The binary logistic regression in combination with the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the diagnostic ability of IgG1 Fc‐glycosylation. It was found that this diagnostic ability was both sex and age dependent. Additionally, the change in Fc‐glycosylation upon many different physiological and pathological conditions was retrospectively discussed. The data furthered the understanding of the immune‐associated change in human LC, and also might be useful in the future attempts for Fc‐glycosylation‐associated diagnostic evaluations and clinical assays.
Enhanced glycan nanoprofiling by weak anion exchange preparative chromatography, mild acid desialylation, and nanoliquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry with nanofluorescence detection
Authors: Kalay Hakan , Ambrosini Martino , Chiodo Fabrizio , van Kooyk Yvette , García‐Vallejo Juan J.
Published: June 2013

The structural characterization and quantification of the glycome of cells and glycoproteins is necessary for the understanding of glycan functions in Biology, the development of diagnostics tests, and the monitoring of glycoprotein pharmaceuticals. Classical N‐glycan characterization methods involve enzymatic release followed by derivatization with a fluorochrome and separation by normal‐phase HPLC. We have recently developed glycan nanoprofiling, a method for the simultaneous quantification and characterization of the N‐glycans without the need of external standardization. Although glycan nanoprofiling allows the characterization of both neutral and sialylated glycans within the same chromatographic run, a significant drawback is the coelution of similar glycans when complex glycan mixtures are analyzed. To overcome this problem, we have developed enhanced glycan nanoprofiling. This new method introduces a weak anion‐exchange HPLC separation step to fractionate glycans according to their sialic acid content followed by a mild acid desialylation. Glycans are then resolved by nano‐LC‐coupled ESI‐MS with an intercalated nanofluorescence detector. Neutral glycans have a better analytical separation, better ionization profiles, and provide significantly higher MS signals allowing a detailed characterization of rare glycan species. Enhanced glycan nanoprofiling is a powerful approach that provides a fast and sensitive alternative to available N‐glycan profiling methods.
Neoglycoproteins as carbohydrate antigens: Synthesis, analysis, and polyclonal antibody response
Authors: Kerékgyártó Márta , Fekete Anikó , Szurmai Zoltán , Kerékgyártó János , Takács László , Kurucz István , Guttman András
Published: June 2013

The analysis and polyclonal antibody response for newly synthesized maltose–BSA conjugate neoglycoproteins is described. In this first proof of concept study, a simple carbohydrate antigen, maltose, was linked to BSA by reductive amination. An aglycone spacer was utilized to conserve the intact annular maltose structure and to promote the accessibility of the carbohydrate immunogen hapten during immunization. The neoglycoproteins were investigated by CGE and the number of conjugated maltose residues was determined by MALDI‐TOF MS. The neoglycoproteins were then evaluated by immunization of BALB/c mice and the polyclonal antibody response was tested by ELISA as evidence for the presence of sugar‐containing epitope‐specific antibodies. Selective antibody binding was demonstrated to the synthesized neoglycoproteins with different (low and high) glycosylation degrees suggesting the possible use of this approach to generate antibodies. Moreover, the polyclonal antibody response was not inhibited by maltose or other simple carbohydrates to confirm presence of the neoglycoprotein‐specific antibodies.
A component approach for the hysteretic behaviour of connections in cross‐laminated wooden structures
Authors: Rinaldin Giovanni , Amadio Claudio , Fragiacomo Massimo
Published: June 2013

In this paper, a numerical model to estimate the dissipative capacity and describe the cyclic response of cross‐laminated (X‐lam) timber buildings is presented. The connections between panels and to the foundation (metal hold‐downs and angle brackets, and screwed connectors) are modelled with nonlinear hysteretic multispring elements taking into account the strength interaction between different degrees of freedom according to a predefined domain. The timber components (solid X‐lam floors and wall panels) are modelled using elastic shell elements. By calibration on experimental cyclic tests carried out on each degree of freedom, important features of timber connection behaviour such as post‐peak strength, pinching and stiffness degradation can all be considered. In addition, the effect of friction at the interface between panels and with foundation can be taken into account. These springs have been implemented as external subroutines in a widespread software package such as Abaqus. By comparison with the experimental results of cyclic tests carried out on single X‐lam walls, coupled X‐lam walls and a single‐storey X‐lam building, the accuracy of the proposed model is demonstrated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear elastic and inelastic spectra with inherent and supplemental damping
Authors: Ray Tathagata , Reinhorn Andrei M. , Nagarajaiah Satish
Published: June 2013

During severe seismic events, structures designed according to current standards yield and develop inelastic deformations. While the acceleration responses are limited by the yielding strength, these structures develop permanent deformations (and possible damage) due to such yielding. Spectra developed for inelastic structures can help in determining the desired yield levels and the associated inelastic deformations. Some structures made of special materials or equipped with innovative structural systems may yield, but can recover the deformation upon unloading and, thus, may avoid permanent deformations. These structures are known as nonlinear elastic. Often the post yielding excursions are very large and may exceed their toughness (or deformability). By introducing damping in form of supplemental devices, it is possible to control such deformations and keep them within acceptable limits. Spectra for such nonlinear elastic structures and inelastic structures are developed herein, by considering both inherent and supplemental damping. The difference between the two types of damping is addressed both theoretically and numerically. Design examples of several simple structures using the newly developed spectra are presented, which illustrate the importance of lower strength and damping in these nonlinear elastic or inelastic systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a novel t(7;14) translocation in multiple myeloma resulting in overexpression of EGFR
Authors: Walker Brian A. , Wardell Christopher P. , Ross Fiona M. , Morgan Gareth J.
Published: June 2013

IGH translocations in myeloma are a primary event and determine the prognostic outcome of a patient. These events are characterized by FISH and classical cytogenetics, but in a small proportion of samples a translocation involving the IGH locus can be detected but the partner chromosome cannot be identified. These cases are usually genetically complex and are the result of cryptic events that cannot be discerned at the resolution of FISH. Here we analyzed a sample with an unidentified translocation partner using a targeted capture and massively parallel sequencing. We identified the partner chromosome as a t(7;14) with the breakpoint upstream of EGFR. This sample over‐expresses the target oncogene, EGFR. This case represents a rare and novel translocation in myeloma, from which a targeted personalized treatment, in the form of EGFR inhibitors, which are commonly used in other cancer types, could be used. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.