bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrasi dan Pengelolaan Kebun Komunitas dalam Pembangunan Kota: Belajar dari Kebun Komunitas di Nantes, Perancis
Authors: Kurnianingtyas Agnesia Putri
Published: May 2017

Densifikasi perkotaan sebagai akibat dari pertumbuhan penduduk dan urbanisasi dapat mengurangiketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau dan menurunkan kualitas lingkungan di kota. Untuk mengatasi haltersebut dan memiliki kapabilitas untuk menciptakan pembangunan kota yang berkelanjutan,pemerintah kota harus bekerja lebih keras. Salah satu alternatif solusi yang dapat digunakan adalahdengan mengembangkan kebun komunitas, seperti yang dilakukan di Kota Nantes, Perancis. Penelitianini dilakukan untuk mengetahui integrasi dan pengelolaan kebun komunitas dalam pembangunan kotadi Nantes, Perancis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari pembelajaran dari kebun komunitas diNantes sebagai bahan untuk mengembangkan kebun komunitas di Indonesia, mulai dari sejarah danperkembangan kebun komunitas, karakteristik kebun, kebijakan dan peraturan terkait, aktor-aktoryang berperan, proses pembangunan dan pengelolaan, serta peran dan tantangan kebun komunitas diKota Nantes. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis kualitatifdeskriptif. Dari penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa Pemerintah Kota Nantes lebih memilih untukmelakukan intervensi pada level teknis, mulai dari penyediaan lahan, perencanaan tapak kebun,pembangunan, hingga perawatan dan perbaikan kebun. Hal ini bertujuan untuk dapat memastikankesempatan-kesempatan kepada penduduk dan komunitas pekebun untuk mengelola sendirikebunnya sehingga Pemerintah Kota Nantes tetap dapat melakukan kontrol terhadap pengembangankebun komunitas tanpa membatasi kesempatan bagi penduduk untuk berpartisipasi sebagai aktorpembangunan.Kata kunci: kebun komunitas, pembangunan kota, pembangunan berkelanjutan, ruang terbukahijau
Somaclonal Variation During Picea abies and P. omorika Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation
Authors: Hazubska-Przybył Teresa , Dering Monika
Published: May 2017

Embryogenic cultures of plants are exposed to various stress factors bothin vitroand during cryostorage. In order to safely include the plant material obtained by somatic embryogenesis in combination with cryopreservation for breeding programs, it is necessary to monitor its genetic stability. The aim of the present study was the assessment of somaclonal variation in plant material obtained from embryogenic cultures ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. andP. omorika(Pančić) Purk. maintainedin vitroor stored in liquid nitrogen by the pregrowth-dehydration method. The analysis of genetic conformity with using microsatellite markers was performed on cotyledonary somatic embryos (CSE), germinating somatic embryos (GSE) and somatic seedlings (SS), obtained from tissues maintainedin vitroor from recovered embryogenic tissues (ETc) and CSE obtained after cryopreservation. The analysis revealed changes in the DNA of somatic embryogenesis-derived plant material of bothPiceaspp. They were found in plant material from 8 out of 10 tested embryogenic lines ofP. abiesand in 10 out of 19 embryogenic lines ofP. omorikaafterin vitroculture. Changes were also detected in plant material obtained after cryopreservation. Somaclonal variation was observed in ETc and CSE ofP. omorikaand at ETv stage ofP. abies. However, most of the changes were induced at the stage of somatic embryogenesis initiation. These results confirm the need for monitoring the genetic stability of plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis and after cryopreservation for both spruce species.
Well-posedness and scattering for the mass-energy NLS on ℝ
n
× ℳ
k
Authors: Tarulli Mirko
Published: May 2017

We study the nonlinear Schrödinger equation posed on product spaces

ℝ
n

×

ℳ
k

{{\mathbb{R}}^{n}\times{\mathcal{M}}^{k}}

, for

n
≥
1

{n\geq 1}

and

k
≥
1

{k\geq 1}

, with

ℳ
k

{{\mathcal{M}}^{k}}

any k-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold.
The main results concern global well-posedness and scattering for small data solutions in non-isotropic Sobolev fractional spaces. In the particular case of

k
=
2

{k=2}

,

H
1

{H^{1}}

-scattering is also obtained.
Maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) larvae reveal enhanced growth during first feeding with live Artemia nauplii
Authors: Bochert Ralf , Horn Theresa , Luft Peter
Published: May 2017

Newly hatched Coregonus maraena (Bloch) larvae reared in aquaria were observed during two trials in 2014 and 2015 for 42 and 34 days after hatching in order to determine the on-feeding effects of different feeding strategies on growth and survival. Feeds of commercial dry feed, live Artemia nauplii, frozen rotifers, and mixtures of these were compared. Larval whitefish were fed brine shrimp for up to 13 days beginning 4 days post hatch (dph). Whitefish larvae fed live Artemia for 8-9 h per day over a period of 10-12 days grew considerably larger (mean value of final total length (TL) 27.3-33.0 mm)) and were heavier (mean value of final body weight (BW) 112-165 mg)) than those fed dry feed, frozen rotifers, or Artemia for 3-6 days (TL= 22.6-30.2 mm; BW= 50-102 mg). The growth of larvae fed for 24 h solely on dry food was comparable (BW= 101 mg, TL= 26.6 mm) at 42 dph. Survival differed among groups (31-63%) and was highest for larvae fed dry food exclusively. Our results can improve the first feeding of Maraena whitefish larvae in small-scale fish farms.
An attempt to assess the ecological status of a lake based on historical and current maps of submerged vegetation
Authors: Hutorowicz Andrzej , Białowąs Marcin , Długoszewski Bronisław , Doroszczyk Lech
Published: May 2017

The possibility of doing a back assessment of the ecological status of a lake based on archival bathymetric maps indicating areas overgrown with rushes and aquatic vegetation was verified. This assessment was assumed to be in accordance with that performed with the official Polish macrophyte-based method for lake assessment (Ecological State Macrophyte Index, ESMI). The study was conducted on Lake Dobrąg located in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (surface area - 108 ha, maximum depth - 27.9 m, mean depth - 11.6 m). It included the hydroacoustic distribution of submerged macrophytes along 85 evenly distributed belt transects (perpendicularl to the shore line), creating a bathymetric chart and maps of vegetation occurrence and identifying areas occupied by hydrophytes (Cmax) and the maximum depth of lake colonization (Z). Analogous data were read from archival bathymetric chart dating from 1964-1968. The values obtained were compared with the means (and their confidence intervals) of 83 stratified lakes in Poland in different ecological status classes. Analysis of changes indicated that the ecological status of the lake had deteriorated. In the mid-1960s, the status of the lake was less than “very good” while the current status borders between “good” and “moderate.” The results indicate that the proposed method could be useful when attempting to assess changes in ecological status using archival bathymetric charts showing areas overgrown with vegetation and the distribution of it in lakes.
Biological characteristics of the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814), from different water bodies
Authors: Demchenko Viktor O. , Tkachenko Maria Y.
Published: May 2017

The paper considers the ecological variability of the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus (Pall.), in different environments. The dietary spectrum and morphological variability of round goby populations were studied in two water bodies with different environmental conditions. The sizes and body weights of specimens were the largest in Obytichna Bay and the smallest in Kakhovka Reservoir. Differences in the morphological indices of gobies from freshwater and marine bodies of water were determined using discriminant analysis. At the study sites the round goby chiefly fed on benthic organisms that varied in species composition and energy equivalent. A significant portion of the diet comprised bivalves such as Abra ovata, Cerastoderma glaucum, and Parvicardium exiguum, which have the highest energy capacity. The average energy equivalent indices of prey items were higher in Obytichna Bay and the lowest in Kakhovka Reservoir.
Achieving epistemic alignment in a psycholinguistic experiment
Authors: Kobayashi Hillman Kyoko , Ross Steven J. , Kasper Gabriele
Published: May 2017

A critical condition for obtaining valid data in a psycholinguistic experiment is that the participants understand how to perform the experimental tasks. Participants usually are not familiar with the organization and requirements of the experiment and are therefore given instruction and often practice opportunities prior to the actual test trials. Pre-experimental instruction is a regular component of the experimental set-up, yet no research exists on how the activity is organized with a view to its purpose in the research context and as the experimenter’s and participant’s joint interactional project. This case study is the first to begin to fill the gap. The instruction in focus aimed at preparing the participant to take part in a reaction time experiment designed to measure the implicit grammatical knowledge of L2 speakers of English. Building on ethnomethodological and conversation-analytic research on instruction delivery and understanding displays in different settings, the analysis reveals how in the course of the instruction the asymmetric epistemic statuses (Heritage 2012) of researcher and participant were incrementally aligned as they collaboratively accomplished explanation sequences and worked through practice items. It also shows how both participants selectively referenced the onscreen written instructions and how these became resources for the experimenter’s explanations and the participant’s evolving understanding of the experimental requirements. The main goal of this paper is to bring an unexamined but indispensable component of the experimental research process to applied linguists’ attention and encourage further studies in this area. A further intention is to explore pre-experimental instruction practices in a larger archive of task instructions and eventually empirically test whether the interaction during instruction delivery is at all related to variation in the reaction times as measures to operationalize cognitive processes.
Making Secular Sense of the Sacred
Authors: Fleischacker Sam
Published: May 2017

From the earliest days of social science, in the writings of David Hume and Adam Smith, it has been difficult to make secular sense of the notion of sacredness in terms that believers in that notion can recognize as what they mean by it-social scientists instead tend almost universally to treat it as the consequence of an illusion of some kind. This paper explores the sources of that difficulty, arguing that it is built into the assumptions that make social science a science at all. It also argues that treating a category so central to the moral thinking of millions of people as resulting from an illusion breeds attitudes of condescension that are morally problematic. Using themes to be found especially in Kant, the paper proposes a way for social scientists to treat the category of sacredness with respect for moral purposes even while maintaining the presuppositions, for the purposes of their scientific work, that lead them to try to explain it away.
Traditional Morality and Sacred Values
Authors: McPherson David
Published: May 2017

This essay gives an account of how traditional morality is best understood and also why it is worth defending (even if some reform is needed) and how this might be done. Traditional morality is first contrasted with supposedly more enlightened forms of morality, such as utilitarianism and liberal Kantianism (i.e., autonomy-centered ethics). The focus here is on certain sacred values that are central to traditional morality and which highlight this contrast and bring out the attractions of traditional morality. Next, this essay explores and offers support for the convergence thesis to which traditional morality, understood as common morality, is committed. This thesis states that although there are diverse moral traditions, insofar as they are in good order we should expect them to converge upon a common or universal morality, even if there remain some differences in the details. The defense of this thesis provides justification for the validity of traditional morality as it suggests an objective basis.
Sacred Values and Interreligious Dialogue
Authors: Schneider Hans Julius
Published: May 2017

The paper develops a perspective on religion that is inspired by William James’ concept of religious experience and by the philosophy of language of the later Ludwig Wittgenstein. It proceeds by naming basic steps leading to the proposed conception and by showing that none of them must be a hindrance for a substantial understanding of religion. Among the steps discussed are the acceptance of non-theistic religions, an existential version of functionalism, and the acceptance of the possibility of non-literal truths about the human condition. Furthermore, it proposes a way to interpret the expression ‘the sacred’ in the given framework. Finally it points out two contradictory necessities that make interreligious dialogue difficult: In the beginning one has to use an abstract vocabulary in order not to exclude any positions, but on the other hand one has to avoid robbing the participants of the means for articulating their specific religious views.
Information Acquisition in the Era of Fair Disclosure: An Application of Asymmetric Awareness
Authors: Liu Zhen
Published: May 2017

As the cost of financial information dissemination continues to decline, investors, firms, and regulators are gradually adopting the principle of fair disclosure, which requires no preferential public disclosure. We use a simple model to examine the impact of this change on information acquisition with two alternative assumptions: (1) Investors have symmetric awareness about the underlying uncertainties, or (2) this awareness is asymmetric among them. Under the first assumption, the change reduces information asymmetry among investors and induces acquisition of high-quality information. Under the second assumption, however, the reduction of information asymmetry may be limited, and information acquisition is either reduced or less efficient. Specifically, investors with high awareness may either acquire high-quality information at a higher cost or not acquire it; investors with low awareness only acquire low-quality information. The loss in overall information quality is greater when awareness asymmetry is moderate than when it is high or low; this causes information asymmetry between the insiders and outside investors as a whole. These results offer explanations for intriguing empirical findings regarding the effect of a recent accounting regulation (Regulation Fair Disclosure).
The Influence of Cooling Rate on Structure of EN AC 5083 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Popescu Mirela , Varga Bela
Published: May 2017

In this paper it was studied the structure of EN AC 5083 aluminum alloy depending on cooling conditions. By cooling curves recorded for different casting conditions there were calculated the cooling rate (vr). The structural analyzes, performed by Image Pro-Plus 6.0 software, allowed both be highlighted structural particularities of various conditions for casting and establishing the correlation: lg d = lg v + n (where d is the dendritic parameter).
Study on Hydration and Strengthening of High Alumina Cements
Authors: Angelescu Nicolae , Stancu Cristina , Amziane Sofiane , Bratu Vasile , Stoian Elena Valentina
Published: May 2017

Refractory concretes based on aluminous cements are used with great success in areas where high temperatures are required. The mineralogical composition of the high alumina cement is the main factor which gives the physical and mechanical properties at high temperatures of refractory monolithic materials.

It is therefore desirable to use high alumina cements based on mineralogical compounds with high refractoriness, because in the end those beneficial properties can be found in the final product - refractory concrete.

The aim of this paper is to design, realize and characterize different compositions of high alumina cements based on mineralogical compounds with the highest refractory from the CaO-Al2O3 binary system (i.e. CA, CA2, and CA6), and to find ways of hydraulic activation of calcium hexa aluminate, also.
The Stability of Longitudinal Movement During the Transportation of Industrial Oversized Equipment on a Platform with an Even Number of Axles. General Case
Authors: Iatan Radu , Stătescu Mihai , Salca Cristina
Published: May 2017

It is known that the transportation of oversized technological equipment raises particular poroblems, both from the economical and technicall point of view. Knowing the loads in the platform-equipment assembly, the intensity and the direction of the wind loads, the condition of roads and the way these act is imperative. The present paper seeks to determine the expression of the loads obtained on a platform with an even number of axles, loaded with a technological equipment and neglecting or not the deformation of the suspensions and tires.
Social Business Process Management: Croatian IT Company Case Study
Authors: Vukšić Vesna Bosilj , Vugec Dalia Suša , Lovrić Anita
Published: May 2017

Background: Social business process management is an integration of social software into the business process management (BPM). Its main goal is to overcome the limitations of classical BPM by applying social software principles within the BPM lifecycle. Since BPM is a holistic discipline it is important to also include cultural and social aspects into BPM studies. Objectives: The main aim of this paper is to examine the link between organizational culture, social software usage and BPM maturity in the observed company. Methods/Approach: A case study methodology has been used for this study. An interview has been conducted in combination with a survey approach. Results: Results of the research revealed a high usage of social BPM within the observed company in combination with a high level of BPM maturity and a clan organizational culture. Conclusions: The observed IT company has knowledge intensive processes and uses social BPM to deal with the process change and optimization. The clan culture is, by its characteristics, a favourable organizational culture for social BPM.
A Multi-Country Trade and Tourism with Endogenous Capital and Knowledge
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin
Published: May 2017

Background: The study models a dynamic interaction among economic growth, structural change, knowledge accumulation, international trade and tourist flows. Objective: The purpose of this study is to introduce endogenous knowledge into a multi-country growth model with trade and tourism proposed by Zhang. The study models a dynamic interaction among economic growth, structural change, knowledge accumulation, international trade and tourist flows. Methods/Approach: The model is based on Arrow’s learning by doing, the Solow one-sector growth model, the Oniki-Uzawa neoclassical trade model, and the Uzawa two-sector growth model. We first build the multi-country neoclassical growth model of endogenous knowledge with international tourism. Then we show that we can follow the motion of the J - country world economy with J + 1 differential equations. Results: We simulate the motion of the three-country global economy. We carry out a comparative dynamic analysis by simulation with regard to the knowledge utilization efficiency, the efficiency of learning by doing, the propensity to save, the propensity to tour other countries, and the population. Conclusions: The global economy has a unique equilibrium.
New Banks’ Business – Rating Competence for the Real Sector
Authors: Meeh-Bunse Gunther , Hermeling Anke
Published: May 2017

Background: The global financial crisis has revealed the urgency of changes in the business models of banks around the world. Due to rising regulatory costs and the effects of the low-interest rate phase, the revenue of banking sector is under pressure. Banks have to generate new sources of revenue. A conceivable externalization of bank internal rating data is appropriate. This available knowledge has a potential to generate new business potentials. Objectives: The goal of this paper is to compare the procurement of internal ratings by credit institutions and the supplier evaluation, particularly regarding the assessment of their financial capacity, as well as the identification of potential interfaces. Methods/Approach: The methods used in the research included an example-oriented presentation and an analysis of indicator systems aimed at assessing the financial soundness within the internal rating by credit institutions and the supplier evaluation. Results: Results show the intersections between the two evaluation systems. Conclusions: Despite the determination of evaluation results by their objective function, apparently significant trends of financial (dis)soundness can be recognized as a part of the two evaluating systems. This result provides starting points to initiate the discussion about a possible (partial) externalisation of internal ratings by credit institutions to be used for the supplier evaluation.
Negotiation of meaning and language-related episodes in synchronous, audio-based Chinese-German eTandem
Authors: Renner Julia
Published: May 2017

The present paper examines negotiation of meaning and language-related episodes in Chinese-German eTandem interaction, focusing on Chinese as target language. Against the background of the interactionist approach to language learning and drawing upon Swain and Lapkin’s (1998, Interaction and second language learning: Two adolescent French immersion students working together. Modern Language Journal 82. 320–337) concept of “language-related episodes” (LREs), the main focus of this paper is to investigate how negotiation of meaning is undertaken in this particular learning environment, to what extent LREs occur in Chinese-German eTandems, and what the characteristics of these episodes are. Furthermore, differences between novice CFL (Chinese as a Foreign Language) learners and intermediate CFL learners participating in eTandems are identified. The findings show that the participants only use the target languages (Chinese and German) to negotiate meaning. Novice CFL learners rely heavily on code-switching to German, while intermediate learners mainly use Chinese. Compared to negotiation of meaning, LREs occur sparingly and cover word searches and reflections on grammar, pronunciation, and style/expression. Text-chat usage during negotiation of meaning and LREs points to the fact that focus on linguistic form is supported by a switch from oral mode to text-chat.
The interplay between attention, experience and skills in online language teaching
Authors: Shi Lijing , Stickler Ursula , Lloyd Mair E.
Published: May 2017

The demand for online teaching is growing as is the recognition that online teachers require highly sophisticated skills to manage classrooms and create an environment conducive to learning. However, there is little rigorous empirical research investigating teachers’ thoughts and actions during online tutorials. Taking a sociocultural perspective, this study explores the interplay between the attention focus of language teachers during synchronous online tutorials and their reflections on their own teaching practices. Eyetracking data show that patterns of attention focus on different areas of the screen (representing technical facilities, social interaction and content) are related to practitioners’ experience in online teaching including familiarity with a particular platform. In particular, those with less online teaching experience display greater attention to technical areas than their more experienced colleagues. These findings are confirmed in the teachers’ reflective interviews, stimulated by watching gazeplot videos of their online tutorials. Their reflections also yield deeper insight into reasons for particular actions. Thematic analysis was used to relate the reflections on teaching strategies to the levels of online teaching skills (Hampel and Stickler 2005, New skills for new classrooms: Training tutors to teach languages online. Computer Assisted Language Learning 18(4). 311–326). Our research has extended Bax’s normalisation (2003, CALL – past, present and future. System 31(1). 13–28. doi: 10.1016/s0346-251x(02)00071-4) of the use of technology in face-to-face classroom learning into online learning environments. Mirroring the ontogenetic development of increasing digitalisation, teachers in online environments appropriate the skills necessary to free cognitive resources for attending to social and pedagogic aspects of their teaching.
Sasakian structures a foliated approach
Authors: Wolak Robert A.
Published: May 2017

Recent renewed interest in Sasakian manifolds is due mainly to the fact that they can provide examples of generalized Einstein manifolds, manifolds which are of great interest in mathematical models of various aspects of physical phenomena. Sasakian manifolds are odd dimensional counterparts of Kählerian manifolds to which they are closely related. The paper presents a foliated approach to Sasakian manifolds on which the author gave several lectures. The paper concentrates on cohomological properties of Sasakian manifolds and of transversely holomorphic and Kählerian foliations. These properties permit to formulate obstructions to the existence of Sasakian structures on compact manifolds.
Quantum Riemannian geometry of phase space and nonassociativity
Authors: Beggs Edwin J. , Majid Shahn
Published: May 2017

Noncommutative or ‘quantum’ differential geometry has emerged in recent years as a process for quantizing not only a classical space into a noncommutative algebra (as familiar in quantum mechanics) but also differential forms, bundles and Riemannian structures at this level. The data for the algebra quantisation is a classical Poisson bracket while the data for quantum differential forms is a Poisson-compatible connection. We give an introduction to our recent result whereby further classical data such as classical bundles, metrics etc. all become quantised in a canonical ‘functorial’ way at least to 1st order in deformation theory. The theory imposes compatibility conditions between the classical Riemannian and Poisson structures as well as new physics such as typical nonassociativity of the differential structure at 2nd order. We develop in detail the case of ℂℙn where the commutation relations have the canonical form [wi, w̄j] = iλδij similar to the proposal of Penrose for quantum twistor space. Our work provides a canonical but ultimately nonassociative differential calculus on this algebra and quantises the metric and Levi-Civita connection at lowest order in λ.
Countering a Self-protection Frequency-shifting Jamming against LFM Pulse Compression Radars
Authors: Baher Safa Hanbali S. , Kastantin Radwan
Published: May 2017

the well-known range-Doppler coupling property of the LFM (Linear Frequency Modulation) pulse compression radar makes it more vulnerable to repeater jammer that shifts radar signal in the frequency domain before retransmitting it back to the radar. The repeater jammer, in this case, benefits from the pulse compression processing gain of the radar receiver, and generates many false targets that appear before and after the true target. Therefore, the radar cannot distinguish between the true target and the false ones.

In this paper, we present a new technique to counter frequency shifting repeater jammers. The proposed technique is based on introducing a small change in the sweep bandwidth of LFM waveform. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is justified by mathematical analysis and demonstrated by simulation.
Improved and innovated universal DAQ microcontroller unit
Authors: Dostálek Petr , Pekař Libor , Navrátil Pavel
Published: May 2017

This paper is aimed at the description of hardware design, software equipment and the functionality of the second evolution of the intelligent multipurpose input/output microcontroller converter and control unit designed and assembled by the authors. Preceding stages of the unit development are concisely overviewed first, the deficiencies of which give rise to the primary motivation of this contribution. Then separate hardware parts of the novel unit are described in detail including electronic schematic diagrams. The device firmware and software capabilities are introduced as well. The advantages of the unit are highlighted compared to older versions. Its functionality, performance and efficiency are then verified by a laboratory control-related dynamic responses measurement example. In the contrary to previous evolutions, a more compact hardware design, increased A/D and D/A converter resolutions, added USB communication capability, better and more accurate analog circuits with more advanced operation amplifiers, the use of OLED instead of LCD display, the pulse-width modulated signal generated by the microcontroller unit itself can be considered among the most important improvements. Moreover, the direct use of the serial link may reduce noise significantly and makes the device more universal.
RBCP-WSN: The Reliable Biderectional Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Golański Marcin , Schoeneich Radosław O. , Zgid Dawid , Franciszkiewicz Marek , Kucharski Michał
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the Reliable Bidirectional Control Protocol (RBCP) protocol, which is a transport protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), focused on managing sensors’ behaviour. It aims to be a utility for reliable control data transferring from source to destination unit in the network. Considering the related studies on transport protocols, which are mostly dedicated to a single-direction reliable data transport, RBCP is the answer for the lack of control mechanisms in WSNs based on bidirectional communication. The first part of this paper is focused on general presentation of the proposed solution. In the next part, evaluation of the idea and final functionality are discussed. It will finally show the results of undergone testing stage.
The channel for hidden data transmission in WSN
Authors: Schoeneich Radosław O. , Golański Marcin , Kucharski Michał , Franciszkiewicz Marek , Zgid Dawid
Published: May 2017

This paper describes an idea and realisation of hidden data transmision using Tiny Aggregation Covert Channel (TAGCC)in Wireless Sensor Networks. Our solution uses data aggregation mechanism called Tiny Aggregation (TAG). The protocol is based on idea of hidden messages sending without generate additional data packets and encryption. The paper describes details of proposed algorithm and simulation results obtained during testing of the sensor networks with hidden channel TAGCC.
Network Information Hiding and Science 2.0: Can it be a Match?
Authors: Wendzel Steffen , Caviglione Luca , Mazurczyk Wojciech , Lalande Jean-Francois
Published: May 2017

Science 2.0 aims at using the information sharing and collaborative features of the Internet to offer new features to the research community. Science 2.0 has been already applied to computer sciences, especially bioinformatics. For network information hiding, a field studying the possibility of concealing a communication in networks, the application of Science 2.0 is still a rather uncovered territory. To foster the discussion of potential benefits for network information hiding, we provide a disquisition for six different Science 2.0 aspects when applied to this domain.
Opportunity Evaluation Using Uncertainties in Software Entrepreneurship
Authors: Tomy Sarath , Pardede Eric
Published: May 2017

Understand the uncertainties and evaluate the opportunity are essential to support the number of new businesses launched every day. The aim of this paper is to analyse the uncertainty factors related to the evaluation of opportunity in software entrepreneurship. This study is concerned with developing a simple and effective framework for software entrepreneurs to evaluate opportunities for their projected venture and predict its success in an uncertain environment. The paper begins with identifying uncertainty factors relevant to software start-ups. Then, we introduce the Opportunity Evaluation Model to evaluate the scope of opportunities as moderated by the uncertainties using External Factor Evaluation (EFE) and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix methods. The model outputs Internal-External (I-E) matrix containing graphical representation of the opportunity position, with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats identified from the inputs. Two case studies with different factor ratings for uncertainties are demonstrated using the model with a detailed explanation of the procedure of implementation. The article ends with a note on the efficacy of the framework and reiterates the importance of research examining opportunities in relation with surrounding uncertainties. Early recognition and management of uncertainties identified in this paper can increase the chance of success for new software ventures.
The Puzzle of Class in Presidential Voting
Authors: Stonecash Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2017

The conventional wisdom is that class divisions once prevailed but in recent decades have gradually declined. Indeed, many now suggest that the working class has been voting Republican since the 1980s. The historical evidence on voting in presidential elections does not indicate that there was a decline since the 1950s. If anything, the well-off and more educated have moved somewhat more Democratic, lessening class divisions. There has, however, been a change since the 2008 election, with the working class – whether only whites or all – moving away from the Democrats. This may not mean a decline of the working class voting their interests. It may be that the economic recovery of recent years has done little to help the working class and they have taken a gamble that a businessman will help their job prospects more.
Social Class, Meritocracy, and the Geography of the “American Dream”
Authors: Ellis Christopher
Published: May 2017

This paper uses original survey data to explore the landscape of support for a number of aspects of what might be called “the American Dream:” the notion that hard work is rewarded, and individuals succeed and fail due primarily to their own efforts. In general, I find that Americans generally endorse the idea that hard work leads to success and that economic mobility is possible for those willing to put in the effort, but that there is significant individual and contextual variation in support for those beliefs. I find that most variation in support for meritocratic belief is a function of simple partisan politics: differences between liberals and conservatives, and between Democrats and Republicans, are far more important to explaining meritocratic belief than any other sociodemographic factor. But attributes of the context in which one lives matter as well. Among other things, this paper highlights the importance of local economic decline as an important topic for future research: those who live in communities that have seen their relative economic fortunes drop over the past decade are less likely to believe in meritocracy than those who have seen their communities thrive.
Is America More Divided by Race or Class? Race, Income, and Attitudes among Whites, African Americans, and Latinos
Authors: Rhodes Jesse H. , Schaffner Brian F. , McElwee Sean
Published: May 2017

Scholars have long been interested in examining how race and class each shape citizens’ political attitudes. To date, however, there have been few efforts to untangle how race and class intersect to shape Americans’ political identities and attitudes about public policies. We argue that it is important to investigate attitudes inter-sectionally. Pooling the 2012 and 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Studies to obtain large numbers of observations of non-whites and individuals with high incomes, we observe patterns of partisan identity, beliefs about racial prejudice, and attitudes about public policies. Our results suggest that race and class intersect in different ways for different groups in society. Increasing income erodes differences in attitudes between Latinos and whites, but has no effect on the large gap in attitudes between African Americans and whites.
Partisanship, Class, and Attitudes towards the Divided Welfare State
Authors: Faricy Christopher
Published: May 2017

The United States has a divided social welfare state split between public programs and tax subsidies for private benefits. Moreover, this separation is mapped onto divisions of political party and socioeconomic class. Democratic elites prefer creating and expanding public programs that assist the working poor and Republicans prefer using tax subsidies to help wealthier citizens pay for social services and benefits. Are these relationships among partisanship, socioeconomic class, and patterns in social spending reflected in public opinion? Do Democratic voters and the working poor favor public social programs over private? Are Republican voters more likely to support tax subsidies for private welfare over public spending? My analysis shows that while both public spending and tax breaks enjoy similar levels of support in the aggregate, there are partisan and class differences in support for direct social spending versus tax subsidies for social welfare.
Differentiability of Polynomials over Reals
Authors: Korniłowicz Artur
Published: May 2017

In this article, we formalize in the Mizar system [3] the notion of the derivative of polynomials over the field of real numbers [4]. To define it, we use the derivative of functions between reals and reals [9].
All Liouville Numbers are Transcendental
Authors: Korniłowicz Artur , Naumowicz Adam , Grabowski Adam
Published: May 2017

In this Mizar article, we complete the formalization of one of the items from Abad and Abad’s challenge list of “Top 100 Theorems” about Liouville numbers and the existence of transcendental numbers. It is item #18 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/. Liouville numbers were introduced by Joseph Liouville in 1844 [15] as an example of an object which can be approximated “quite closely” by a sequence of rational numbers. A real number x is a Liouville number iff for every positive integer n, there exist integers p and q such that q > 1 and

It is easy to show that all Liouville numbers are irrational. The definition and basic notions are contained in [10], [1], and [12]. Liouvile constant, which is defined formally in [12], is the first explicit transcendental (not algebraic) number, another notable examples are e and π [5], [11], and [4]. Algebraic numbers were formalized with the help of the Mizar system [13] very recently, by Yasushige Watase in [23] and now we expand these techniques into the area of not only pure algebraic domains (as fields, rings and formal polynomials), but also for more settheoretic fields. Finally we show that all Liouville numbers are transcendental, based on Liouville’s theorem on Diophantine approximation.
Group of Homography in Real Projective Plane
Authors: Coghetto Roland
Published: May 2017

Using the Mizar system [2], we formalized that homographies of the projective real plane (as defined in [5]), form a group.

Then, we prove that, using the notations of Borsuk and Szmielew in [3]

“Consider in space ℝℙ2 points P1, P2, P3, P4 of which three points are not collinear and points Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 each three points of which are also not collinear. There exists one homography h of space ℝℙ2 such that h(Pi) = Qi for i = 1, 2, 3, 4.”

(Existence Statement 52 and Existence Statement 53) [3]. Or, using notations of Richter [11]

“Let [a], [b], [c], [d] in ℝℙ2 be four points of which no three are collinear and let [a′],[b′],[c′],[d′] in ℝℙ2 be another four points of which no three are collinear, then there exists a 3 × 3 matrix M such that [Ma] = [a′], [Mb] = [b′], [Mc] = [c′], and [Md] = [d′]”

Makarios has formalized the same results in Isabelle/Isar (the collineations form a group, lemma statement52-existence and lemma statement 53-existence) and published it in Archive of Formal Proofs [10], [9].
Climate sensitivity of radial growth in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) under different CO2concentrations
Authors: Badraghi Aysan , Pokorný Radek , Novosadová Kateřina , Pietras Justina , Marek Michal V.
Published: May 2017

This investigation examined the effects of two different carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]): Ambient (A, 385 μmol (CO2) mol−1) and elevated (E, A+385 μmol (CO2) mol−1)) on the tree-ring width and early to latewood proportion in Norway spruce for seven years (2006-2012). Further, to improve our understanding of the influence of climatic variables, we assessed the effects of precipitation and temperature. Our observations showed that spruce trees growing under elevated CO2(EC) formed less early (p > 0.05) and latewood (p < 0.05) and hence smaller annual increments (p > 0.05) than trees in ambient CO2(AC). Early to latewood proportion was nearly 73% and 75% in AC and EC, respectively. In both CO2concentrations, the largest tree-rings and earlywood width was observed during 2009 and 2010, which is coincident with the highest precipitation in May (2010) and the highest air temperature in April (2009). Moreover, to determine the association between the latewood formation and air temperature during the second half of the growing season, and correlation between the earlywood formation and precipitation during the first half of the growing season we run Spearman’s correlation test, the determination coefficient values for latewood formation were r = 0.45 (AC) and r = 0.68 (EC), and for earlywood formation were r = 0.53 (AC) and r = 0.42 (EC), although coefficient values were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Also, our study indicated that temperature had stonger influence than precipitation in EC, but in AC precipitation had the strongest effect on radial growth.
Effects of using the liquid phase method on the physicochemical, mechanical, and bioactivity properties of hydroxyapatite/calcium aluminate bioceramic nanocomposites
Authors: Reyhaniyan Zavareh Batool , Salehirad Alireza , Mirdamadi Saeed
Published: May 2017

In this research, 80 wt.% hydroxyapatite (HA)/20 wt.% calcium aluminate (CA) bioceramic nanocomposites were synthesized by using three liquid phase green methods. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and field emission-scanning electron microscopy were conducted for the characterization of nanocomposites. To study the mechanical (compressive strength, flexural strength, and hardness) and physical (density, porosity, and water adsorption) properties of nanocomposites, these materials were sintered by spark plasma technique, after which the desired properties were measured. To study the bioactivity of samples, SBF vitro test was used. After reviewing the obtained data, results showed that the bioactivity and mechanical properties of the synthesized HA/NA nanocomposites were improved compared with those of the nano-components that form them and those of similar micro-scale composites. The measured maximum compressive strength, flexural strength, and hardness of the synthesized nanocomposites were 440 MPa, 137 MPa, and 202HV, respectively. The corresponding amounts for hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were 350 MPa, 115 MPa, and 124HV, respectively.
Oxidation Resistance of Austenitic Steels under Thermal Shock Conditions in an Environment Containing Water Vapor
Authors: Koscielniak Barbara , Smola Grzegorz , Grzesik Zbigniew , Hernas Adam
Published: May 2017

The oxidation behavior of Super 304 H, Sanicro 25, HR3C and HR6W steels, which are recommended for use in ultra-supercritical power plants, as well as corrosion resistant X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel was studied in this work. Oxidation tests were carried out under thermal shock conditions in an oxygen-rich environment (containing 50 vol. % water vapor) at a temperature equal to 750 °C. The investigated steels (excluding X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel) are characterized by good oxidation resistance under thermal shock conditions. A highly protective Cr2O3 layer was formed in the internal part of scales growing on the surfaces of investigated steels. The X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel has worse oxidation resistant properties than the other grades of steels.
Comparison of different sprint training sessions with assisted and resisted running: effects on performance and kinematics in 20-m sprints
Authors: Tillaar Roland van den , Heimburg Erna von
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose was to examine whether there is a positive acute effect of resisted and assisted sprinting on the kinematics and performance of regular 20-m sprints.

Methods

The total of 15 female team handball players were involved in a counterbalanced crossover design three sprint sessions consisting of (1) seven normal 20-m sprints, (2) seven sprints alternating normal and resisted sprints, and (3) seven sprints alternating between normal and either resisted or assisted sprints in a single session.

Results

The main finding was that only resisted sprints had an effect on the first normal 20-m sprint. However, this was only the case after one resisted run (from 3.59 to 3.54 s; 2% improvement). Using several resisted sprints did not have any positive effect upon the normal sprints, but probably caused fatigue, as shown in the increased contact times and decreased vertical stiffness, step length, and rate. Assisted running did not cause any changes to the normal sprints.

Conclusions

Resisted sprints can cause a positive effect in normal 20-m sprint performance (2%) after the use of one resisted effort in team handball players. However, the small positive effect is negated if several resisted efforts are performed, causing more fatigue than a positive response. Therefore, it is recommended that multiple resisted sprint efforts are not performed when seeking to enhance 20-m sprint performance in these athletes.
Preparation for sexual and reproductive self-care in Iranian adolescent girls: a qualitative study
Authors: Alimoradi Zainab , Kariman Nourossadat , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Simbar Masoumeh
Published: May 2017

Background

Adolescence is one of the most important stages in every individual’s life. Pubertal changes and acquiring reproduction capability require adolescents to perform special health care processes. Also the possibility of involvement in high-risk sexual behaviors endangers adolescent girls’ sexual and reproductive health.

Objective

Increase and deepen the understanding and knowledge of the factors affecting Iranian adolescent girls’ readiness to take care of their sexual and reproductive health.

Materials and methods

The present qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis method. The participants included 18 adolescents who were aged 13–19 years old, single, studying at high school, art school, or university and had no history of chronic medical or psychological diseases; further, most of them had the experience of menstruation. Purposive sampling was initiated and continued until data saturation. Data collection were performed using in-depth and unstructured interviews. Qualitative content analysis of the interviews was conducted simultaneously with data collection using the Graneheim and Lundman approach .MAXQDA 2010 software was used for storage, retrieval, and management of the data.

Findings

Preparation for care was the main theme that emerged in this study along with 19 subcategories and four main categories, including desirable interaction between families and adolescents, readiness for puberty and menstruation, life skills and spiritual self-monitoring.

Conclusion

The education and health care systems’ authorities of the country can exploit the results of this study for making policies and interventions expedient to the society’s cultural conditions in order to improve the reproductive and sexual self-care status of adolescents’ girls.