bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Territorial and sectoral structureof the Yuzhno-Primorsky industrial district
Authors: Moshkov A.V.
Published: February 2023

In Pacific Russia, the South Primorsky Industrial District is being formed with specialization in marine economic activities like shipbuilding and ship repair, fishing industry, marine transport. The leading factors in the district’s production forming process are in qualified labor resources, developed social and industrial infrastructure, stable demand for products and services of marine economic activities, favorable coastal economic and geographical location. Aspatial set of interrelated elements (settlements) with a specific territorial and sectoral structure is formed there. The territorial and sectoral structure of this industrial district presents an interconnected spatial combination of enterprises (organizations) located in settlements of different ranks from economic centers (nodes) to socio–economic regions consisting of one or more administrative and economic districts (federal units of the Russian Federation, municipalities). The closest relations between the enterprises of economic centers united by a common economic specialization, as well as the use of common objects of transport, industrial and social infrastructure are noted. Large enterprises in the industrial district not only use the available favorable factors for the development of production, but can also create conditions for the emergence of needed factors (attract labor, investors, initiate local authorities on infrastructure development, etc.). As a result of such interaction in the south of Pacific Russia there have been developed the relevant conditions for the formation of the South-Primorsky Industrial District, a relatively small area of concentration of specialized enterprises (or groups of enterprises, economic centers) consisting mainly of marine economic activities and united by a common industrial and social infrastructure, which provides them with additional economic effect.
Spatial patterns of the school elections in Sweden
Authors: Chernetskii F.M.
Published: February 2023

Talking about school elections implies a talk about an experiment which allows teenagers to familiarize themselves with their country’s electoral culture. It also provides an opportunity to learn about candidates, political parties, political debates, and electoral process in general. These «experimental elections» have been taking place in Sweden since the end of the XX century. Nowadays, most of school students participate in the school elections. The results of this voting can be analysed as well as the results of common elections except the fact of analysing electoral preferences of small and relatively homogeneous group. In this particular article school elections that had taken place in Sweden in 2018 were analysed as a spatial process. Final results of voting are quite close to those that can be seen in common elections though spatial diversity varies. The results of school elections also show the increasing role of contextual (neighbourhood) effect comparing to «adult» elections and brings out an unexpectedly high difference in electoral behaviour between students of schools and those who study in colleges.
THE ETHNO-CULTURAL COMPONENT OF A WOMAN IMAGE IN THE NOVEL BY M.A. SHOLOKHOV “AND QUIET FLOWS THE DON”
Authors:   Voronezh State Pedagogical University, Yagodina I.D.
Published: February 2023

The current stage of philology development is characterized by a complex approach to the study of interdisciplinary categories, among which the image category should be attributed. In contemporary research on psycholinguistics, semiotics, discursology, semantics, stylistics, linguoculturology, etc., various aspects of the image of linguistic and artistic are considered. At the same time, the image of a woman appears not only as a significant image of the Russian conceptual sphere, but also as an essential component of M. A. Sholokhov’s artistic picture of the world, reflected in the novel “And Quiet Flows the Don”. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ways of representing one of the structural components of the image of a woman, in particular the ethno-cultural component, in the discursive space of the novel. The main research methods are descriptive, contextual and discursive analysis, lexicographic, ethnographic, component analysis method, etc. The article shows that the ethno-cultural component of a woman’s image structure is based on the dialect picture of the world of the Don Cossacks and is represented within a separate verbal sign or by describing the appearance or behavior of a woman in a particular context. In addition, the ethno-cultural component is reflected in the representation of the linguistic personality of the novel’s female characters, reflecting the originality of the Don dialects at the phonetic, lexical, grammatical levels. Based on the analysis of various ways of representing the image of a woman in M. A. Sholokhov’s novel “And Quiet Flows the Don”, it was found that the ethnocultural component of the structure of the image of a woman conveys the typical and stereotyped features of the Don Cossack.
THE ARTISTIC EMBODIMENT OF METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA IN THE NOVEL “POLAR LANDS ― TRAGIC LANDS” BY P.-E. VICTOR
Authors:   Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Nuzhnaia T.V. , Avdonkina Yu.S. ,   Russian State Hydrometeorological University
Published: February 2023

The article examines the artistic realisation of the northern landscape and the system of images of the polar space’ nature in the novel by the French polar writer P.-E. Victor. The relevance of the research is supported not only by the relatively little-studied heritage of P.- E. Victor in Russia but also by the poor knowledge of the key aspects of his poetics. The logic of the formation of the visual complex is traced, which combines the realistic approach to the weather phenomena of the Arctic and their literary psychologization. A close connection is revealed between the images of snow, blizzard, frost, wind and the reflection of the worldview of travelers exhausted by difficult living conditions. Analytical observations of the text of the novel also give grounds to assert that the artistic embodiment of meteorological phenomena occupies a strong textual position in it and reflects the specifics of the narrative style of the genre of diary entries.
IMAGE OF CHRIST IN BORIS POPLAVSKY’S BOOK OF VERSES “SNOWY HOUR”
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Mamatov G.M.
Published: February 2023

The image of Christ is analyzed in Boris Poplavsky’s book of verses “Snowy hour”. Biblical allusions, lyrical plot of poems, composition and an image of lyrical subject are considered. Researched levels of literary text are studied with connection with the image of Christ, whose personality has important place in religious diaries of the poet. This diaries becomes the foundation of the lyrical book and in them theological conception of “Snowy hour” is justified. Contents of the article is presented of analyze and disclosure of main topics , whose are announced in ego-documents of the poet and are founded artistic embodiment in his lyric. Aeon of Christ is the central concept of the work, it goes back to gnostic conception by Valentinus and to the book by D. S. Merezhkovsky “Atlantis-Europe”. This term has two senses in Poplavsky’s art, it explains basic connotations in Christ’s image in “Snowy hour” and in diaries. Firstly, it’s a god-medium between worlds of humans and God; according to Poplavsky this sense includes concepts of earth nature of Christ and His kindness, He’s prophet, who is between Hell and Cosmos and goes the thorny path of the righteous. Secondly, he’s kingdom of spirit, divine space beyond the earthly world, to witch a difficult path leads, which marks a spiritual rebirth of man and world. It explains the specifics of the composition and lyrical plot of the book “Snowy hour”, when the hero is going the special path, the elevation to heaven harmony through overcoming himself human “Luciferian” nature.
Special Issue: 2022 Research Data Access and Preservation (RDAP) Summit
Authors: Bakker Caitlin , Brooks Kathryn , Finn Jeanine , Aria Paria
Published: February 2023

2022 marked the Research Data Access and Preservation (RDAP) Summit’s second fully virtual conference, which focused on the theme of Envisioning an Inclusive Data Future. Presenters shared perspectives on new and emerging services, as well as observations of existing and prior practices, and strategies for re-envisioning these activities. The Summit built upon last year’s theme of Radical Change and Data, which encouraged presenters and attendees to consider the intersections between data and social change.
Une initiative communautaire pour favoriser la participation citoyenne des personnes malentendantes
Authors: Poliquin Cindy , Laberge Marie , Poupart-Monette Véronique , Duchesne Louise , Croteau Claire , Boucher Normand , Tremblay Marie-Hélène
Published: February 2023

Les personnes malentendantes rencontrent des obstacles de communication dans leur vie courante. S’appuyant sur une approche communautaire visant l’autodétermination, l’étude décrit l’apport d’ateliers de partage de savoirs expérientiels sur l’utilisation des TIC entre personnes malentendantes. Plusieurs aspects de ces ateliers ont été appréciés ; entre autres pour ce qui est des aspects relationnels. L’intention d’utilisation des connaissances et le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle ont progressé entre les ateliers et les apprentissages ont été réutilisés pour pallier certaines difficultés de communication. Ainsi, ce type d’atelier devrait être pérennisé à long terme afin de favoriser la participation sociale des personnes vivant une perte auditive les empêchant de participer pleinement à la vie citoyenne.
Precision of Stainless Steel Turning Process Depending on Al2O3 Nano-coated Cutting Tool Wear
Authors:   , Gutakovskis Viktors
Published: February 2023

In the PhD Thesis a method for determining the roughness of a turned surface for hard-to-machine materials has been developed using increased processing parameters, the application of a turning process without cooling emulsion, using new cutting tools, and the cutting process has been investigated. The Thesis presents the study on the chip formation process and the result of cutting tool wear using the tools produced by different manufacturers. A literature review is presented and research directions are defined. The results of material turning of two groups of stainless steel structures are reviewed. Several mathematical models of the turning process have been developed for predicting surface roughness using regression analysis. The influence of material alloying elements on the chip formation process has been studied. The accuracy of the regression prediction models has been evaluated and an experimental model has been tested. Finite element method modelling of the turning process has been represented and the obtained data, which could not be obtained before, with the help of a practical experiment have been obtained.
Analysis of the association Galio rotundifolii-Abietetum albae Wraber (1955) 1959 on Manjača Mt (NW Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Kuridža Biljana , Koljanin Dragan , Brujić Jugoslav
Published: February 2023

This research aimed to study phytocoenological characteristics of a fir-dominated community on silicate substrate at the locality of Sitnica on Manjača Mt, northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. This community originated from artificially forested mixed stands of fir and spruce planted in the habitat of the mountain Dinaric fir-beech forest, over a hundred years ago. With regular selective cuttings and natural regeneration, the structure shifted from even-aged to uneven-aged. In total, 18 phytocoenological relevés were made using the Braun-Blanquet method during the vegetation seasons of 2021 and 2022. Relevés were stored in Turboveg database. Ecological factors were calculated based on Ellenberg bioindicator values. Species composition was analyzed in terms of life form, geoelements and chorotypes. Our analysis indicates that collected relevés can be classified as the association Galio rotundifolii- Abietetum albae belonging to the alliance Fagion sylvaticae.
On the discovery of the multibracteate Silver-leaved linden in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Vejzagić Selma
Published: February 2023

In the scope of the genetic, morphological and phenological research of the genus Tilia in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with control populations in Germany, multibracteate silver-leaved linden (T. tomentosa Moench.) was discovered in Mostar. In addition to the usual primary bract, there are also bracts of the second and the third order, which as phenomenon is, to our knowledge, new for the science. Since the bracts vary in size, as well as in shape, and additional bracts do not appear on all the sampled trees, the task in the future is to further investigate this phenomenon.
Development of a Digital Tool for the Head of an Educational Organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Udilov Timofei Vasil'evich , Aleksandroi Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: February 2023

The subject of the study is the digitalization of management activities in the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The object of the study is the processes taking place in the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia during the organization of personnel training, their optimization, as well as the development of the head's tools for working with an array of data in the areas of the organization's activities aimed at reducing the volume of paper document flow, reducing resources for data collection and systematization, obtaining information on the principle of "here and now" according to the currently necessary criterion of the effectiveness of the educational organization. The authors note that the introduction of digital tools in the activities of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia will provide the heads of organizations with the opportunity to obtain operational information to make effective decisions, create conditions for creating a unified system of electronic internal and external document management, while significantly reducing the need for duplication of information on paper for different regulatory structures. As a result of the conducted research, the authors proposed the development of a software product, the main task of which is to provide the head of an educational organization with an effective tool for analyzing the activities of an educational organization. The use of this software product in the activity provides the head of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with the opportunity to promptly receive data on all processes occurring in subordinate structural units, increases the efficiency of analyzing this data, provides additional arguments for choosing an effective strategy for the development of the organization, and also provides the organization with the possibility of operational communication and interaction with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Ministry of Education of Russia, the Ministry of Education Russia, training customers, as well as regulatory authorities and organizations.
A high-quality dataset construction method for text mining in materials science
Authors: Liu Yue , Liu Da-Hui , Ge Xian-Yuan , Yang Zheng-Wei , Ma Shu-Chang , Zou Zhe-Yi , Shi Si-Qi ,   School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China,   Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China,   Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Computing System, Shanghai 200444, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
Published: February 2023

Numerous data and knowledge generated and stored as text in peer-reviewed scientific literature are important for materials research and development. Although text mining can automatically explore this information, the barriers of acquiring high-quality textual data prevent its general application in materials science. Herein, we systematically analyze the issues of textual DATA QUALITY and related research from the perspectives of data quality and quantity. Following this, we propose a pipeline to construct high-quality datasets for text mining in materials science. In this pipeline, we utilize the traceable automatic acquisition scheme of literature to ensure the traceability of textual data. Then, a data processing method driven by downstream tasks is used to generate high-quality pre-annotated corpora conditioned on the characteristics of material texts. On this basis, we define a general annotation scheme derived from materials science tetrahedron to complete high-quality annotation. Finally, a conditional data augmentation model incorporating material domain knowledge (cDA-DK) is constructed to augment the data quantity. Experimental results on datasets with various material systems demonstrate that our method can effectively improve the accuracy of downstream models and the F1-score towards the named entity recognition task in NASICON-type solid electrolyte material reaches 84%. This study provides an important insight into the general application of text mining in materials science, and is expected to advance the material design and discovery driven by data and knowledge bidirectionally.
Absence of CEP78 causes photoreceptor and sperm flagella impairments in mice and a human individual
Authors: Zhu Tianyu , Zhang Yuxin , Sheng Xunlun , Zhang Xiangzheng , Chen Yu , Zhu Hongjing , Guo Yueshuai , Qi Yaling , Zhao Yichen , Zhou Qi , Chen Xue , Guo Xuejiang , Zhao Chen
Published: February 2023

Cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) is a genetically inherited retinal disease that can be associated with male infertility, while the specific genetic mechanisms are not well known. Here, we report CEP78 as a causative gene of a particular syndrome including CRD and male infertility with multiple morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella (MMAF) both in human and mouse. Cep78 knockout mice exhibited impaired function and morphology of photoreceptors, typified by reduced ERG amplitudes, disrupted translocation of cone arrestin, attenuated and disorganized photoreceptor outer segments (OS) disks and widen OS bases, as well as interrupted connecting cilia elongation and abnormal structures. Cep78 deletion also caused male infertility and MMAF, with disordered ‘9+2’ structure and triplet microtubules in sperm flagella. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins IFT20 and TTC21A are identified as interacting proteins of CEP78. Furthermore, CEP78 regulated the interaction, stability, and centriolar localization of its interacting protein. Insufficiency of CEP78 or its interacting protein causes abnormal centriole elongation and cilia shortening. Absence of CEP78 protein in human caused similar phenotypes in vision and MMAF as Cep78−/− mice. Collectively, our study supports the important roles of CEP78 defects in centriole and ciliary dysfunctions and molecular pathogenesis of such multi-system syndrome.
S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K4me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress
Authors: Godbole Adwait A , Gopalan Sneha , Nguyen Thien-Kim , Munden Alexander L , Lui Dominique S , Fanelli Matthew J , Vo Paula , Lewis Caroline A , Spinelli Jessica B , Fazzio Thomas G , Walker Amy K
Published: February 2023

Methylation is a widely occurring modification that requires the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and acts in regulation of gene expression and other processes. SAM is synthesized from methionine, which is imported or generated through the 1-carbon cycle (1 CC). Alterations in 1 CC function have clear effects on lifespan and stress responses, but the wide distribution of this modification has made identification of specific mechanistic links difficult. Exploiting a dynamic stress-induced transcription model, we find that two SAM synthases in Caenorhabditis elegans, SAMS-1 and SAMS-4, contribute differently to modification of H3K4me3, gene expression and survival. We find that sams-4 enhances H3K4me3 in heat shocked animals lacking sams-1, however, sams-1 cannot compensate for sams-4, which is required to survive heat stress. This suggests that the regulatory functions of SAM depend on its enzymatic source and that provisioning of SAM may be an important regulatory step linking 1 CC function to phenotypes in aging and stress.
Fitness advantage of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron capsular polysaccharide in the mouse gut depends on the resident microbiota
Authors: Hoces Daniel , Greter Giorgia , Arnoldini Markus , Stäubli Melanie L , Moresi Claudia , Sintsova Anna , Berent Sara , Kolinko Isabel , Bansept Florence , Woller Aurore , Häfliger Janine , Martens Eric , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich , Sunagawa Shinichi , Loverdo Claude , Slack Emma
Published: February 2023

Many microbiota-based therapeutics rely on our ability to introduce a microbe of choice into an already-colonized intestine. In this study, we used genetically barcoded Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) strains to quantify population bottlenecks experienced by a B. theta population during colonization of the mouse gut. As expected, this reveals an inverse relationship between microbiota complexity and the probability that an individual wildtype B. theta clone will colonize the gut. The polysaccharide capsule of B. theta is important for resistance against attacks from other bacteria, phage, and the host immune system, and correspondingly acapsular B. theta loses in competitive colonization against the wildtype strain. Surprisingly, the acapsular strain did not show a colonization defect in mice with a low-complexity microbiota, as we found that acapsular strains have an indistinguishable colonization probability to the wildtype strain on single-strain colonization. This discrepancy could be resolved by tracking in vivo growth dynamics of both strains: acapsular B.theta shows a longer lag phase in the gut lumen as well as a slightly slower net growth rate. Therefore, as long as there is no niche competitor for the acapsular strain, this has only a small influence on colonization probability. However, the presence of a strong niche competitor (i.e., wildtype B. theta, SPF microbiota) rapidly excludes the acapsular strain during competitive colonization. Correspondingly, the acapsular strain shows a similarly low colonization probability in the context of a co-colonization with the wildtype strain or a complete microbiota. In summary, neutral tagging and detailed analysis of bacterial growth kinetics can therefore quantify the mechanisms of colonization resistance in differently-colonized animals.
The deep-rooted origin of disulfide-rich spider venom toxins
Authors: Shaikh Naeem Yusuf , Sunagar Kartik
Published: February 2023

Spider venoms are a complex concoction of enzymes, polyamines, inorganic salts, and disulfide-rich peptides (DRPs). Although DRPs are widely distributed and abundant, their bevolutionary origin has remained elusive. This knowledge gap stems from the extensive molecular divergence of DRPs and a lack of sequence and structural data from diverse lineages. By evaluating DRPs under a comprehensive phylogenetic, structural and evolutionary framework, we have not only identified 78 novel spider toxin superfamilies but also provided the first evidence for their common origin. We trace the origin of these toxin superfamilies to a primordial knot – which we name ‘Adi Shakti’, after the creator of the Universe according to Hindu mythology – 375 MYA in the common ancestor of Araneomorphae and Mygalomorphae. As the lineages under evaluation constitute nearly 60% of extant spiders, our findings provide fascinating insights into the early evolution and diversification of the spider venom arsenal. Reliance on a single molecular toxin scaffold by nearly all spiders is in complete contrast to most other venomous animals that have recruited into their venoms diverse toxins with independent origins. By comparatively evaluating the molecular evolutionary histories of araneomorph and mygalomorph spider venom toxins, we highlight their contrasting evolutionary diversification rates. Our results also suggest that venom deployment (e.g. prey capture or self-defense) influences evolutionary diversification of DRP toxin superfamilies.
How Many Appeals Does Effective Judicial Protection Require?
Authors: Caranta Roberto
Published: February 2023

In Randstad, the Court of Justice was improperly called to arbitrate competence conflicts amongst Italy's highest courts. Specifically, the Court was asked whether the EU principle of effective judicial protection required a third level review of decisions giving – or, rather,
not giving – effect to substantive EU law provisions. While the somewhat hands off take on the principle of effective judicial protection was more than appropriate on the facts of the case given the residual procedural autonomy of the Member States, the judgement and – to some
extent – the more demanding opinion of the Advocate General raised questions as to what limits are placed on that autonomy by the principle of effective judicial protection.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT IN ALAMBUSHA (BIOPHYTUM SENSITIVUM LINN.) LEAF AND ROOT EXTRACTS: A COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Sivan Archana , Singh Chandan , Purvia Rajendra Prasad , Adlakha Manoj
Published: February 2023

The plant selected in the present study for analysing the antibacterial activity is, Alambusha (Biophytum sensitivum). The whole part of the plant is considered useful and exhibits krimighna, vrana ropana and pitta kaphaghna action as per Ayurveda. Also, it has been said by the folklore people that the leaves exhibit styptic action. So combining all these views, the study goes step by step to compare the Antibacterial activity of the leaf, root and leaf root combination of Alambusha in three different extraction solvents (Ethanol, chloroform, aqueous), which is taken at a fixed concentration of 20 mg/ml (2%) in an increasing volume of 25 ul, 50 ul, 75 ul, 100 ul against two wound infection-causing bacteria’s such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa andBacillus subtilis, by Agar well diffusion method. The study fortifies that leaf ethanolic extract of Alambusha at a volume of 100 microliters shows maximum antibacterial activity against both bacterial species, that too highest in Pseudomonas aeruginosa when compared to root alone and leaf along with root combinations. These results obtained show that plant extracts can be used as anti-infective agents.
A CADAVERIC STUDY OF NILA-MANYA MARMA
Authors: Kumar Giriraj , Singh Dharmesh Kumar , Upadhyay Subhash , Manohar Jannu , . Sakshi
Published: February 2023

Background: The Marma Sharira is one of the most explored parts of Rachana Sharira. The Nila and Manya marma are located in greeva (neck region), 4 in number, vaikalyakara in nature. Traumatic effect on these marma produces mukata or dumbness/ inability to speak, swaravaikrita or hoarseness of voice and rasagrahita or incapacity to perceive taste (hypogeusia or ageusia). Aims and objective: To assess the location and structural composition of Nila and Manya marma. Material and methods: One cadaver was taken for dissection in the P.G. Department of Rachana Sharir, Sri Ganganagar College of Ayurvedic Science and Hospital, Rajasthan. The surrounding area of Nila and Manya marma was dissected and observe the anatomical structures. Discussion: After proper dissection following neurovascular structures were seen common carotid artery (CCA), which was bifurcated into the external and internal carotid artery, vagus nerve, and internal jugular vein (IJV). Injury to Nila and Manya marma can produce mukata or dumbness/ inability to speak, swaravaikrita or hoarseness of voice and rasagrahita or incapacity to the perception of taste (hypogeusia or ageusia). Hypoglossal nerve palsy due to spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection leads to vocal cord paralysis and hoarseness of voice. Conclusion: After a proper analysis of the nature of Nila and manya marma, it can be concluded that Nila marma can be considered the right and left internal jugular vein, and Manya marma as the right and left carotid artery.
ANALYTICAL PROFILE OF BILWADI AGADA
Authors: Pawade Uday V , Patkar Abhay H
Published: February 2023

Background: Analytical profile of the drug is essential to assure the drug's safety, quality and efficacy. Objective: The present study was conducted to develop an analytical profile of Bilwadi Agada. Material and Methods: Analytical profile of the Bilwadi Agada tablet was assessed by organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical parameters, pharmaceutical analysis and TLC evaluation. The physicochemical evaluation was done by parameters viz. pH, loss on drying, total ash, water-soluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive, and water-soluble extractives. Also, pharmaceutical analysis was done by the parameters like hardness, friability, disintegration time, uniformity of weight etc. Results: PH value, Loss on drying, total ash, water-soluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive and water-soluble extractive were 3, 0.068%, 18.5%, 4.5%, 19.2%, and 44%, respectively. The hardness of the tablet and friability was 3.6 kg/cm2 and 0.33%, respectively, whereas the disintegration time of the tablet was less than 15 minutes. Aflatoxins and heavy metals were absent, while no microbial growth was found in 24 hours in the Bilwadi Agada tablet. Discussion and Conclusion: Bilwadi Agada tablets pass all the parametric tests. These values of tests can be used as a reference value for further research on Bilwadi Agada.
AN ETIOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF AMAVATA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Jadhav Gauri , Parveen Tabassum , Sevatkar BK , Sharma Reetu
Published: February 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, autoimmune disease most commonly found in today’s era. Rheumatoid arthritis can be correlated with Amavata in Ayurveda, where acharyas well explain the etiopathology of the disease. Nidana plays a vital role in the progression of the disease. Hence, knowledge of nidana is essential for avoiding disease conditions and treatment. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease with an unknown cause or genetic susceptibility, according to modern science. Therefore, we need to find causative factors explained in Samhitas that can correlate with the modern era.
A REVIEW ON PAOM (PRAKRITI, AGNI, OJAS, MANAS): THE FOUR DOMAINS OF IMMUNITY
Authors: Elamon Amrutha , PP Purushothaman
Published: February 2023

Ayurveda is a science that aims to treat disease as well as prevent the occurrence of a disease. Prevention of a disease depends on the status of the immune system that is present in an individual. Immune response varies from person to person. The reason behind this variation is still ambiguous. Prakriti, agni, ojas, and manas, the four domains explained in Ayurveda, have immense connections with our immune system. Innate immunity can be considered the weakest among Vata Prakriti individuals. Cellular metabolism and gut microbes, which come under the spectrum of agni, also play an essential role in the functioning of the immune response. Studies show that the emotional system and immune system are highly dependent. Ojas, the internal environment inside the body, can be considered the link between agni and men. Ojas itself is considered as immunity. An individual's immune system will be active based on the status of Prakriti, agni, manas and ojas.
CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW OF EFFICACY OF VIRECHANA KARMA IN MADHUMEHA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Authors: Kaushik Jyoti , Kumar Ajay , Singhal Tina
Published: February 2023

The lifestyle of human beings in the present era is full of stress and strain due to busy work schedules and changes in dietary habits. This leads to various lifestyle disorders, out of which Madhumeha (Diabetes mellitus) is the burning one. Diabetes has become the leading cause of death nowadays because it is the single most important metabolic disease that affects nearly every organ/system of the body. So, its treatment is crucial. The word Madhumeha combines two words, “Madhu” and “Meha”, which means sweet and excessive urine flow. In Ayurvedic classics, 20 types of Prameha are described, and Madhumeha has been described as a subtype of Vatik Prameha. There are two types of Prameha rogi according to Charaka Samhita, i.e., sthula pramehi and krisha pramehi. In sthula pramehi, kapha and pitta are predominant and in krisha pramehi, vata is predominant. So, for krisha pramehi, brahmana chikitsa is indicated, and for stuhla pramehi, samshodhan chikitsa is indicated to expel out vitiated doshas. In the former type, patients are usually asthenic and can be correlated with Diabetes Mellitus type I and in the latter type, patients are obese and can be equated with type II Diabetes Mellitus. Virechana karma, by its mode of action, not only works on pitta dosha but also on vata and kapha dosha and hence helps regulate high blood sugar levels.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF KADARA
Authors: Gupta Bal Govind
Published: February 2023

Some diseases are simple or less pathology but challenging to cure, known as kshudra roga. Kadar is one such kind of disease, which causes more trouble for the person and hampers daily life. Acharya Sushruta describes ‘Kadar’ under kshudra roga. In contemporary sciences, it can be correlated with corn. The corn is localised hyperkeratosis of the skin. The Kadara is mentioned as being keela sadrusha (cone-shaped), presenting with ruk (pain) and srava (discharge). It may have nimna (depressed) or unnata (raised) madhya (central part). Corn is an intractable plantar hyperkeratosis, a type of callosity. It has three kinds- hard, soft and seed. The repeated friction and pressure of the skin overlying the bony prominences leads to a hyperkeratotic thickness. There is various treatment option available in Ayurveda as well as modern surgery. There are multiple approaches to the management of Kadara. The key in all cases is to eliminate the continuous pressure on the foot. Above all the procedures, the Ayurvedic approach is more beneficial, especially agnikarma, than modern science's surgical excision.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF NALPAMARADI SOAP
Authors: Kiran Samhita M , Kulkarni Prasanna
Published: February 2023

Herbs have been used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes since ancient times due to their easy availability and efficacy. Herbal products are safer for long-term and short-term use as they are time-tested. Plant-based formulations described in classical texts of Ayurveda are gaining popularity these days due to their validation with respect to modern technology. In Sahasrayogam, it is mentioned that Nalpamaradi taila is best for hair and skin conditions. This study aimed to analyse Nalpamaradi soap with reference to phytochemical, physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. The ingredients used in Nalpamaradi taila were analysed with special reference to their Guna, Karma, etc., along with their chemical compositions, given their effect on the skin. Most of the drugs in the Nalpamaradi taila have tridosha shamaka property, which is beneficial in maintaining skin health. Research studies on the chemical constituents present in the ingredients of Nalpamaradi soap have shown a positive effect on skin health and skin diseases. The study showed that it possesses a good amount of lather and Total Fatty Matter that provides rehydration and a sense of cleaning to the skin due to the presence of coconut oil and olive oil. Nalpamaradi soap exhibited antimicrobial properties since Haridra-like drugs have krimigna action. There were no heavy metallic compounds found in the trail soap. Hence, it can be concluded that Nalpamaradi soap can be a better choice for maintaining dermal health.
Quantitative Understanding of Deaf Children Written Form of Communication through the Use of Word Types
Authors: Salkić Naim , Mahmutović Indira
Published: February 2023

Deaf children, due to the impossibility of transforming the internal speech scheme into expressive speech in mutual written communication, make maximum use of abbreviated speech schemes that determine the ability to communicate. The aim of the study is to examine the content comprehensibility and semantic level of written communication of deaf children through the number of used types oaf words in written communication, and to determine the existence of statistical significaance of differences between deaf and hearing respondents in the use of word types at the level of statistical significance p=0.001. The study was conducted on a sample of 140 respondents. The first subsample of respondents, the experimental group consisted of 70 deaf students, and the second subsample, a control group of 70 hearing students, of the same chronological age and gender. The measurement instrument “Test of understanding the written form of expression” was applied. The frequencies and percentages of responses to each of the variables used were calculated. The t-test and the F (Fisher) test were used to determine the statistical significance of the differences between deaf and hearing subjects. The results of the study showed that deaf students do not have contextual understanding and recognition of word types through testing of linguistic competence in relation to the hearing population, because 67.10% do not understand, and 10.00% of deaf students partially understand the contextual application of word types in writing textual task. Deaf students in the written form of communication use nouns (65.70%), pronouns (34.30%), verbs (45.7%), adjectives (28.60%), adverbs (22.90), prepositions (54.30%), exclamations (15.70%), particles (12.90%) and numbers (32.90%). There is a statistically significant difference between hearing and deaf respondents, in favor of hearing, in all applied types of words, except the use of verbs.
Economic Efficiency of Onion Production in East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Esmael Ahmed Yasin , Negesse Senbeta Asfaw , Bati Bukul Bariso , Gizachew Dasalegn Shimalis
Published: February 2023

In an economy where resources are scarce and opportunities for new technologies are lacking, efficiency studies able to show the possibilities to raise productivity by improving efficiency of farms without increasing the resource base or developing new technology. This study investigated Economic Efficiency of Onion Production in East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary source of data were used. Semi- structured questionnaires were used to collect data from Lume, Bora and Dugda districts. Totally 94 respondents randomly selected from each districts based on sample size determination. A stochastic production frontier function was fitted to the sample households. Tobit model was applied to determine factors affecting economic efficiency of onion production. The result revealed that the mean Technical, Allocative and Economic efficiency of onion production was about and 67.60%, 98.99% and 66.91% respectively. The tobit model result revealed that Onion Technical and Economic efficiency were positively and significantly affected by Experience in Onion production, frequency of Extension contact and Non- and off income activities while land allocated for Onion production affect Technical and economic efficiency negatively and significantly. District office of Agriculture, stockholders and concerned bodies should focus on extension service regarding of full package of production, provision of technical support and farmers should practice different Non-and Off-fam activities to improve his/her income that contribute to the improvement in efficiency of Onion production in the study area.
Estimation of Water Quality in the Major Nursery Grounds of Hilsa: Insights from Plankton and Nutrient Regimes
Authors: Flura . , Moniruzzaman Md. , Alam Mohammad Ashraful , Rahman Md. Hashibur , Hasan Khondaker Rashidul , Lima Rabina Akther , Mahmud Yahia
Published: February 2023

The biological and physicochemical attributes of a river ecosystem usually reveal the status of the consequential species richness index of the biodiversity and subsistent aquatic life. Towards appraisal of water quality, physicochemical parameters (i.e., temperature, pH, DO, transparency alkalinity and hardness), water nutrients (nitrate, phosphate) and concentration of Chlorophyll a were determined. Samples were collected from six hilsa sanctuaries. The pH value was found slightly alkaline (7.6±0.6) and transparency was ranged (44.4±10.6 cm) followed by alkalinity (112.4 ±26.4 mg/L), hardness (304.5±69.5 mg/L), CO2 (10.3±1.2 mg/L), water temperature (25.6±0.8 ºC), nitrate (0.005±0.01 mg/L), phosphate (0.002±0.0004 mg/L) and DO (7.7±1.1 mg/L). Chlorophyll a was estimated (8.21 ± 2.3 µg/L), which represents the biomass of phytoplankton. The largest quantity of plankton (both in number and taxa) was found in the Meghna River basin as a natural food at station 1 (St-1) and Station 4 (St-4) compared to the other stations. Twelve groups (families) of phytoplankton comprising 26 genera and zooplankton having 14 genera were identified at all sampling stations. The density of plankton was found to be maximum (46×102 cells L-1) at Station 5 (St-5) and while minimum (24×102 cells L-1) at Station 6 (St-6) during the investigation. This evaluation of the physical, chemical, and biological profile of the environment in the country's sanctuary zones provides obvious evidence that is crucial for understanding the Hilsa Fisheries Management Action Plan and for the sustainable management of Hilsa Fishery.
Size Structures, Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Synodontis obesus (Boulenger, 1898: Siluriformes, Mochokidae) in the Lower Cross River, Nigeria
Authors: John Etitigwun Ukpatu, , Okon Micheal Udoidiong, , Glory Nkanta,
Published: February 2023

Size Structures, Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Synodontis obesus ((Boulenger, 1898: Siluiformes, Mochokidae) were carried out with standard methods in the Lower Cross River, Nigeria to assess the population dynamics of the rarely studied but commercially important species. A total of 241 specimens (124: wet season and 117: dry season) were collected at Ayadehe Head Bridge fishing port in Itu Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria from August 2020 to January 2021. The overall abundance showed high size variability within months and between seasons. The total biomass of the specimens collected was heavier in the wet season (12020.33g =12.02Kg) than in the dry season (10709.3g =10.7Kg) with an overall biomass of (22729.63g =22.7Kg). The overall size structures were: 15.0 – 28.30 cm, mean: 21.52.44 cm TL; 12.0 – 20.5 cm, mean: 15.881.6 cm SL and 13.20 – 21.50 cm, mean: 16.881.64 cm FL. The total weight of the species varied from 42.30 – 166.0g with overall mean value of 94.31603g. The length and body weight of fish samples caught for both wet and dry season were significantly different (p<0.05).The length composition of the species exhibits unimodal, bimodal and trimodal growth patterns. The species had heterogeneous groups or cohorts (1+, 2+ and 3+) with variation in body weight. The length-at-first maturity of S. obesus was 20.85 cm mid length. Growth coefficient (b) varied between (2.497) for the wet season and (2.617) for the dry season respectively with the mean growth coefficient (b=2.532) in the LWR (W= aLb). The species exhibited negative allometric growth pattern with an increase in length resulting to increase in weight of the fish. The condition factor (K) decreased with increased in the size of fish and ranged from 2.17-2.57 (Mean: 2.35) in both wet and dry seasons. The average condition factor (K) (2.35±0.15) was 1.0 for both seasons revealing that the species was in good physiological state of well-being. The condition factor (K) of S. obesus by size category showed K-values for recruitssexually mature fishaged fish. Thus fish size is an exponential index of condition factor. The results of this study constitute valuable fisheries data that would enhance the availability, conservation, valorization, exploitation and sustainability of S. obesus in the Lower Cross River, Nigeria.
Effectiveness of Tepid Sponging along with Antipyretic Drug versus Only Antipyretic Drug in the Management of Fever among Children – A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Priya D. Shanmuga , Priya B. Lakshmi , K. Babu Akshay , Rajakumar P. G. , Rathinasamy M.
Published: February 2023

Background: Childhood fever remains a very significant health issue among parents. A wide range of childhood illnesses is accompanied by fever, leading to varied attempts at treatment by parents at home before reaching to hospitals. Common methods of treatment include the use of Antipyretics and Physical methods like tepid sponging. These methods have created varied attitudes among community. Hence this study was conducted to assess the efficacy of both methods of treatment among children with fever.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness in reducing the body temperature between use of antipyretic drug versus tepid sponging with antipyretic drug.

Materials and Methods: A randomized control study was conducted for a period 18 months among 100 children of 6 months -12 years presenting with complaints of fever. The children were randomly allocated to Tepid sponging with antipyretic group and antipyretic alone group. The children were monitored for the reduction pattern of the temperature and vitals at various time intervals. The unpaired t test was used to compare means between groups and ANOVA test was used to compare means before and after intervention.

Results: There no significant difference in reduction pattern of temperature among the groups at admission, half an hour, one and half hours and 2 hours post intervention (p>0.001).There is a significant reduction in temperature from baseline till 2 hours post intervention in both groups. Pulse and Respiratory rate showed the potential efficacy of proposed treatment to reduce the pyrexia. As there is gradual normalization of vitals as pyrexia beings to subside (p>0.001).

Conclusion: Antipyretics was found to be one of the easier and cheaper intervention for administration when compared to physical methods in management of fever in children. Physical method like tepid sponging can be administered along with antipyretic medications to reduce the body temperature, both at home and healthcare facility by the parents or caregivers or paramedics for better and earlier relief from fever among children who don’t experience any discomfort during the procedure.