bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communicating Without Conventions
Authors: Tomasello Michael
Published: January 2021

For obvious and very good reasons the study of human communication is dominated by the study of language. But from a psychological point of view, the basic structure of human communication – how it works pragmatically in terms of the intentions and inferences involved - is totally independent of language. The most important data here are acts of human communication that do not employ conventions. In situations in which language is for some reason not an option, people often produce spontaneous, non-conventionalized gestures, including most prominently pointing (deictic gestures) and pantomiming (iconic gestures). These gestures are universal among humans and unique to the species, and in human evolution they almost certainly preceded conventional communication, either signed or vocal. For prelinguistic infants to communicate effectively via pointing and pantomiming, they must already possess species-unique and very powerful skills and motivations for shared intentionality as pragmatic infrastructure. Conventional communication is then built on top of this infrastructure - or so I will argue.
Problems with variable properties in syntax
Authors: Lightfoot David
Published: January 2021

Like those birds born to chirp, humans are born to parse; children are predisposed to assign linguistic structures to the amorphous externalization of the thoughts that we encounter. This yields a view of variable properties quite different from one based on parameters defined at Universal Grammar (UG). Our approach to language acquisition makes two contributions to Minimalist thinking. First, in accordance with general Minimalist goals, we minimize the pre-wired components of internal languages, dispensing with three separate, central entities: parameters, an evaluation metric for rating the generative capacity of grammars, and any independent parsing mechanism. Instead, children use their internal grammar to parse the ambient external language they experience. UG is “open,” consistent with what children learn through parsing. Second, our understanding of language acquisition yields a new view of variable properties, properties that occur only in certain languages. Under this open UG vision, specific elements of I-languages arise in response to new parses. Both external and internal languages play crucial, interacting roles:  unstructured, amorphous external language is parsed and a structured internal language system results. My Born to parse (Lightfoot 2020) explores case studies that show innovative parses of external language shaping the history of languages. I discuss 1) how children learn through parsing, 2) the role of parsing at the two interfaces between syntactic structure and the externalization system (sound or sign) and logical form, 3) language change, and 4) variable linguistic properties seen through the lens of an open UG. This, in turn, yields a view of variable properties akin to that of evolutionary biologists working on Darwin’s finches; see section 7.
Broken surgical blade retrieval following lumbar discectomy through paravertebral/lateral transpsoas approach: A case report
Authors: Barbero-Aznarez Pablo , Bucheli-Peñafiel Carlos , Olmos-Francisco Eduardo , Lorente-Muñoz Asís , Cortés-Franco Severiano
Published: January 2021

Background:

There are rare reports of broken surgical blades occurring during lumbar discectomy, and even fewer that discuss their retrieval.

Case Description:

While a 54-year-old male was undergoing a lumbar discectomy, the knife blade was broken. As it was difficult to retrieve the fragment through the original incision, the patient was closed, and a postoperative angio-computerized tomography (CT) was obtained. When the CT angiogram (CTA) documented the retained fragment had become lodged near the iliac vein within the psoas muscle, a second operation for blade retrieval, consisting of a paravertebral, lateral transpsoas approach, was successfully performed.

Conclusion:

In some cases, it is difficult to retrieve a broken scalpel blade during the index surgery. When this occurs, we would recommend closing the patient, and obtaining a CTA to better document the location of the retained foreign body. Based upon these findings, a safer second stage procedure may be performed (e.g., as in this case using a paravertebral lateral transpsoas approach) to avoid undue sequelae/morbidity.
Suryanadi Pranayama on Physiological Indices among Smokers
Authors: Thenmozhi P  , Bhuvaneswaran D
Published: January 2021

Smoking causes important structural and functional alterations to the respiratory epithelium. Breathing exercise is the best practice to prevent the smoking associated diseases especially respiratory illnesses and death. Pranayama is a method of breathing and chest expansion exercise which improves the ventilatory functioning and overall capacity of lungs. Hence, the study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the effectiveness of Suryanadi Pranayama on physiological indices among smokers. The pre-experimental research design was conducted with 30 samples which matched with the inclusion criteria. Suryanadi Pranayama was administered for 30days. The primary outcome of the research was respiratory rate, pulse rate, peak expiratory flow rate and oxygen saturation which was measured before and after the intervention and was compared by using SPSS package. The study finding reveal that there was a highly significant changes was found in respiratory rate, pulse rate, peak flow expiratory rate and oxygen saturation at the level of p<0.001. It is concluded that Suryanadi Pranayama is safe and effective breathing exercise yoga and suggested replicating the similar study on larger samples for wider understanding the mechanisms involved.
Extract of zingiber officinale roscoe rhizomes for pharmacological screening anxiolytic activity in rats
Authors: Subbarao K  , Ganga Raju G  , Kayalvizhi E  , Sundaravadivel V.P.
Published: January 2021

This project work study was carried out the pharmacological screening of anxiolytic activity of methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizomes in the rat. Ginger is an antique therapeutic plant fitting to Zingiberoside family that is formally called as Zingiber officinale Rosc. The behavioral test was measuring by using the two anxiolytics represent actionlike raised plus maze (EPM) and light-dark arena model. The extraction of ginger is approved out by Soxhlet apparatus utilizing methanol as solvent. The ginger extract dose was administered in two groups as 200 mg/kg, p.o. which is compared with control (received vehicle) and standard groups (diazepam 1 mg/kg, i.p.) for its anxiolytic action for 7 days. The dose at 200 mg /kg and 400 mg/kg administered verbally which increase the time spent and no of entry in raised plus maze and growth time consumed inbox and no of crossing between light dark compartment boxes. The  consequences of the training work exposed by extracts exhibit anxiolytic activity. Those female-to-male proportion to At whatever lifetime tension issue may be 3:2. The majority uneasiness issue start over childhood, youthfulness What's more initial adulthood. Frenzy issue exhibits a bimodal period about onset in the age gatherings for 15-24 a considerable length of time. Furthermore, 45- 54 a considerable length of time.
Komenský in »čas skrajnosti« pri Slovencih 1: Velika didaktika in Komenský v zadnji izdaji
Authors: Vinkler Jonatan
Published: January 2021

Komenský and “Age of Extremes” among Slovenes 1: Didactica magna (The Great Didactic) and Komenský in its latest Edition The discussion presents a semantic, rhetorical, historiographical, methodological and editorial analysis of the only edition of Jan Amos Komenský’s fundamental work in the modern Slovene language—Didactica magna or The Great Didactic (Sl. Velika didaktika, Novo mesto, 1995)—that was met with reception (i.e., was accessible to the public). The analysis suggests that this edition—for reasons unexplained—lacks the basic determinants of scientific work and thus cannot be a valid ground for the reception of Jan Amos Komenský, either for the reader-expert or for the general reader. From the editorial point of view, the edition does not provide clear information about the original text, and there is no editorial report or comment on individual passages of the original / translation, e.g. unravelling citations in the original—all of which have been the standard knowledge repertoire of scientific editions of sources, even scholarly critical editions of translations since the early 19th century. The edition is not based on the scientific publication Dílo Jana Amose Komenského 15/1 (Academia: Praha, 1986), which since its publication has been the primary textual base for every reader-expert’s understanding of The Great Didactic and a mandatory textual starting point for re-creative reception in the form of translation. The analysed edition does not include comments, and since it only provides translation without any additional knowledge apparatus, it cannot be considered as popularizing either. The current situation impedes a full reception of Komenský and indicates the need to prepare a new critical translated edition of his selected didactic writings, where optimal results could be achieved by collaboration of experts from various disciplines (different branches of historiography, didactics, pedagogy, history of science). The edition should be 1) written in modern literary language and based on the historical-critical edition of Dílo Jana Amosa Komenského. 2) It should include selected fundamental didactic writings of Komenský, 3) obligatory editorial and translation report, 4) explanatory comments and translations, and 5) European studies on Komenský in his time, as well as 6) discussions on the reception of Komenský in Slovenia. Keywords: Komenský (Comenius), Didactica magna (The Great Didactic), reception, editology, edition
Analisis penerimaan pengguna aplikasi e-Kinerja dengan metode TRAM dan EUCS pada kepolisian
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Hadisuwarno Anthony Eko , Bisma Rahadian ,   Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine user acceptance and what factors influence user acceptance of E-Kinerja. The theoretical model used is a combination of the theoretical model of technology adoption of TRAM (Technology Readiness Acceptance Model) and EUCS (End User Computing Satisfaction). For example, the intention to use variable in the TRAM (Technology Readiness Acceptance Model) model is used as a link between the two models in this study. This research was conducted in Sidoarjo Police by using a questionnaire that was distributed directly as a source of data with probability sampling technique involving the participation of 229 respondents from Sidoarjo Police as members of the e-Kinerja application. The data analysis technique used is PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling). The results of this study state that there are seven positive and ten negative hypotheses. The findings of this study are the user's intention to positively influence user satisfaction in using the e-Kinerja application which can be interpreted that the user feels satisfied and accepts the e-Kinerja application as an information system that can help reporting and calculating the performance of each member of the Sidoarjo Police.
Потенциальные маркеры алкогольной зависимости: состояния тревоги и депрессии, индивидуально-личностные характеристики
Authors: Иванова Т.И. , Васильченко К.Ф. , Блох А.И. , Федорова А.Ю. , Усова А.А. , Новиков Д.Г. , Кириченко Н.А. , Тагаков К.С.
Published: January 2021

Обоснование. Результаты исследований, посвященных изучению эпидемиологии алкоголизма, свидетельствуют о росте числа употребляющих алкогольные напитки представителей студенческой молодежи. Существует немалое количество работ, установивших наличие тех или иных личностных и поведенческих различий между людьми, страдающими алкоголизмом и ведущими трезвый образ жизни, а также обнаружена взаимосвязь тревожных и депрессивных расстройств с развитием алкогольной зависимости. Таким образом, поиск предикторов или маркеров алкогольной зависимости остается актуальной задачей, решение которой позволит разработать ряд превентивных мероприятий для представителей студенческой молодежи. Цель: изучить особенности взаимосвязи между состояниями тревоги и депрессии, а также индивидуально-личностными характеристиками у пациентов с алкоголизмом, находящихся на воздержании в специальных условиях. Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено на выборке из 407 респондентов. Из совокупной выборки сформировано 3 группы: 1-я группа (n=317, 77,9%) ‒ студенты 4-го, 5-го и 6-го курсов; 2-я группа (n=70, 17,2%) ‒ пациенты с установленным диагнозом алкоголизма, находящиеся на стационарном лечении; 3-я группа (n=20, 4,9%) ‒ лица с установленным диагнозом алкогольной зависимости, находящиеся в ремиссии более года. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась с использованием корреляционного анализа Кендалла. Значимыми считались корреляционные взаимосвязи при уровне р<0,05. При определении психических процессов и индивидуально-типологических особенностей личности был использован краткий опросник Большой пятерки Б5-10, предназначенный для диагностики психологических характеристик. Количественная оценка уровней тревоги и депрессии проводилась при помощи Госпитальной шкалы тревоги и депрессии (HADS). Диагноз алкогольной зависимости (F10.2) устанавливался в соответствии с критериями МКБ-10. Результаты. В каждой из трех групп выборки обнаружены значимые корреляционные взаимосвязи личностных характеристик с уровнями тревоги и депрессии. В большей степени экстраверсия связана с уровнем депрессии среди пациентов, находящихся в ремиссии более года. Доброжелательность имеет отрицательную прямую корреляционную связь с уровнями тревоги и депрессии в группе студентов и группе больных алкоголизмом, воздерживающихся от приема алкоголя в течение года. Открытость опыту не обнаружила взаимосвязь с тревогой и депрессией в когорте пациентов, находящихся в длительной ремиссии. Заключение. Изучены особенности взаимодействия между уровнем тревоги, уровнем депрессии и показателями личностных характеристик у пациентов с алкоголизмом, находящихся на воздержании в специальных условиях, у лиц с алкогольной зависимостью, находящихся в длительной ремиссии, и у представителей студенческой молодежи. Полученные результаты не позволяют говорить о состоянии тревоги и депрессии как о предикторе или маркере алкогольной зависимости.
Ретроспективная оценка динамики развития астенического синдрома у подвергшихся облучению жителей населенных пунктов бассейна реки Теча
Authors: Буртовая Е.Ю. , Кантина Т.Э. , Литвинчук Е.А.
Published: January 2021

У лиц, подвергшихся радиационному воздействию, как в раннем периоде, так и в более отдаленные сроки наблюдения с высокой частотой выявляется астенический синдром, обусловленный действием радиационного и сопутствующих нерадиационных факторов. Актуальность. Широкое использование атомной энергии в народном хозяйстве, перспективы дальних космических полетов определяют необходимость изучения влияния облучения на состояние центральной нервной системы и развитие астенического синдрома в определенных социально-профессиональных группах населения. Цель. Ретроспективная оценка динамики развития астенического синдрома у подвергшихся воздействию ионизирующего излучения жителей населенных пунктов бассейна реки Теча. Материалы и методы. С использованием данных архивных историй болезни и амбулаторных карт пациентов, наблюдавшихся в клиническом отделении УНПЦ РМ в период с 1950 г. по 2005 г., сформированы две группы исследования, в зависимости от накопленной дозы облучения. В первую группу вошли 100 пациентов, накопленная доза облучения которых превышала 1 Гр. Вторую группу составили 80 пациентов с накопленной дозой облучения не более 0,5 Гр. Полный срок наблюдения был разделен на 11 периодов 5-летней длительности каждый. В каждом временном интервале оценивали клинические данные (невролог, терапевт, психиатр), данные лабораторных и инструментальных (ЭЭГ) исследований. Статистическая обработка результатов выполнялась с использованием пакета прикладных программ Statistica (Ver. 7.0) и MS Excel, с использованием критерия t Стьюдента, критерия χ2 Пирсона, критерия UМанна‒Уитни. Различия считали значимыми при р≤0,05. Результаты и обсуждение. У пациентов с накопленной дозой облучения более 1 Гр астенический синдром наблюдали не только в раннем периоде после облучения, но и на протяжении всего периода наблюдения с 1950 г. по 2005 г. Частота встречаемости астенического синдрома в первые 20 лет после облучения достигала 60%, после 30-летнего периода – 50%, к исходу пятого десятка наблюдения снижалась до 29% от общего числа обследованных лиц, что свидетельствует о существенных патологических изменениях в функционировании ЦНС облученных лиц. Заключение. Полученные результаты уточняют представление о роли ионизирующего излучения в генезе астенического синдрома.
MELANOPLASTIA: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO/ Melanoplasty: clinical case report
Authors: Santos Alice Cecília Carvalho , Cunha Fabiano Araújo , Soares Daniel Silva , Lima Rafael Paschoal Esteves
Published: January 2021

A odontologia tem utilizado de várias técnicas para alcançar resultados esteticamente desejados, sem comprometer a sua função. Na periodontia, as cirurgias plásticas tem sido uma boa opção para se obter sucesso no tratamento e na harmonização do sorriso. A despigmentação gengival, melanoplastia ou peeling gengival, é uma cirurgia plástica periodontal pela qual remove-se ou reduz a hiperpigmentação através da desepitelização, quando esta é uma demanda do paciente. Objetivo: apresentar um caso clínico da técnica de melanoplastia aplicada na região anterior superior da maxila. O tratamento indicado foi a técnica de gengivoplastia, por abrasão epitelial, com utilização de instrumentais manuais (lâmina de bisturi e gengivó-tomo de Kirkland). Resultados: Dentro do limite do caso clínico exposto, no acompanhamento pós-operatório de 90 dias, foi possível observar a completa cicatrização e harmonia da coloração do tecido gengival. Porém, os resultados da melanoplastia não são definitivos e há uma tendência à recidiva. A probabilidade de recorrência deve ser salientada ao paciente, considerando a possibilidade de repetir o procedimento cirúrgico a longo prazo. Conclusão: a técnica proposta mostrou-se efetiva na remoção do pigmento melânico, resultando em uma estética satisfatória.
ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS NATIVAS DA CAATINGA SÃO AS PRINCIPAIS FONTES POLINÍFERAS DAS ABELHAS MANDAÇAIA (MELIPONA QUADRIFASCIATA LEPELETIER, 1836) EM PAULISTANA, PIAUÍ/ Native Tree species from the Caatinga are the main poliniferous sources of the Mandaçaia bees (Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier, 1836) in Paulistana, Piauí
Authors: Leite Clarissy Elen Alves de Melo , Bendini Juliana Do Nascimento , Nascimento Jossandra de Jesus Silva do , Abreu Maria Carolina , Vieira Maria Mayara
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar as espécies vegetais utilizadas por abelhas da espécie Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier, 1836, para a coleta de pólen. O estudo foi realizado por meio da análise melissopalinológica das cargas de pólen coletadas nas corbículas das abelhas campeiras durante o regresso aos seus ninhos. A comparação do material coletado com os grãos de pólen constituintes da palinoteca, da Universidade Federal do Piauí, permitiu a identificação de seis espécies vegetais associadas aos tipos polínicos mais representativos nas análises: Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Mimosa arenosa, Mimosa verrucosa, Spondias tuberosa, Waltheria rotudifolia. Dentre estas, quatro são pertencentes à família Fabaceae, com espécies vegetais da subfamília Mimosoideae. Observou-se que o mês de novembro apresentou maior quantidade e diversidade de pólen coletado. Embora tenha sido observada uma diversidade de espécies vegetais em florescimento na região de estudo, as abelhas apresentaram preferências bastante específicas no que diz respeito à coleta de pólen para a alimentação e manutenção das colônias. Dessa maneira, concluiu-se que as abelhas Melipona quadrifasciata L., no presente estudo, apresentaram preferência pelo pólen proveniente de plantas nativas da Caatinga, especialmente de espécies arbóreas.
RETINOPATÍA HIPERTENSIVA ASOCIADA CON ENFERMEDAD HIPERTENSIVA DEL EMBARAZO EN ALTURA
Authors:   UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARÍA, Manzaneda Murguía Berioska
Published: January 2021

Hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HES) in Peru is one of the main causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is a multifactorial pathology that results in multisystemic compromise, one of the affected organs is that of vision, ophthalmological changes in EHE are related to the severity and time of evolution of hypertension, if the patient does not receive timely care, it may refer in irreversible visual disturbances. Objective: To identify the ophthalmological changes associated with EHE and establish their relationship with the severity of the condition. Material and methods: 47 women who live above 3,800 meters above sea level (m.s.n.m) were included, with a diagnosis of EHE who were treated in the gynecology service of Hospital III Juliaca EsSalud, in the period from July 2018 to January 2019, of which 13 patients were evaluated in the ophthalmology service of the mentioned hospital, where biomicroscopy and fundoscopy were performed. Results: A higher frequency was found between 18-34 years, all patients had gestations greater than 34 weeks, 6,4% had a history of hypertensive disease of pregnancy; the most frequent symptoms were headache, lower limb edema. 27,7% of the patients with hypertensive disease of pregnancy were evaluated by ophthalmology, finding that 61.5% of the patients did not present hypertensive retinopathy, 7.7% grade I according to the Keith-Wegener-Baker classification, 15,4% grade II and 15,4% grade III. Conclusions: The study found a statistically significant correlation between the degree of severity of the hypertensive disease of pregnancy and the degree of severity of the hypertensive retinopathy. The fundus allows the severity of the condition to be identified, the ophthalmological evaluation helps to make decisions about the treatment and follow-up of patients to avoid blindness due to EHE. Keywords: Hypertensive disease of pregnancy, hypertensive retinopathy, fundus.
DIÁLOGOS PERTINENTES - jan./jun.
Authors: Admin Admin
Published: January 2021

DIÁLOGOS PERTINENTES – ONLINE : revista científica de LetrasLúcia Maria Guimarães Nassim - organizadorav. 11 n.1, 2015. Franca, SPUniversidade de Franca - Curso de LetrasEsta revista é um periódico semestral
Diálogos Pertinentes - jan./jun.
Authors: Borges Marilurdes Cruz
Published: January 2021

Revista Científica de Letras
AS FORMAS DE EXPRESSÃO DE FUTURO NAS CARTAS DE LEITORAS DA REVISTA FEMININA GLOSS
Authors: CLEMPI Camila Bordonal , Bertucci Barbosa Juliana
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho investiga a expressão variável de futuro em cartas de leitoras, extraídas da revista feminina contemporânea Gloss, publicadas no período de 2008 a 2013. Verificamos quais são as diferentes estruturas linguísticas empregadas pelas adolescentes: a forma sintética (futuro simples); a forma perifrástica (verbo IR no presente + infinitivo); a forma perifrástica (verbo IR no futuro + infinitivo) e a forma do presente. Além disso, verificamos se essas diferentes formas de expressão aparecem com a presença ou ausência de adjuntos adverbiais de tempo e se estão relacionadas a valores semânticos modais. Após a seleção e codificação dos dados, analisamos os resultados seguindo a metodologia da teoria variacionista. Como resultado, a perífrase IR no presente + infinitivo e o verbo no presente do indicativo (ora como auxiliar modal, ora como principal), mostraram ser os mais produtivos entre as leitoras
ASPECTOS DO SISTEMA DE REMISSIVAS EM DICIONÁRIOS ESCOLARES DE TIPO 2
Authors: Gonçalves Sheila De Carvalho Pereira , Klinger Karylleila Dos Santos Andrade
Published: January 2021

O sistema de remissivas constitui-se numa rede de relações léxico-semânticas dentro de uma obra lexicográfica e é um importante recurso, pois religa, relaciona e complementa informações que, à princípio, estão compartimentadas. (BARROS, 2002). Este artigo situa-se nos domínios da Lexicografia. Fundamentar-nos-emos em Barros (2002), Welker (2004), Pontes (2009) e Damim (2005). Nossas reflexões buscam analisar e tecer considerações sobre o funcionamento da rede de remissivas de um dicionário escolar de tipo 2, isto é, uma obra desenvolvida para alunos que cursam do 2º ao 5º anos do ensino fundamental, possui, em sua composição, um número mínimo de 3.000 e máximo de 15.000 verbetes, além de uma proposta lexicográfica adequada a alunos em fase de consolidação do domínio tanto da escrita quanto da organização e da linguagem típicas do gênero dicionário. Nosso corpus consta da seguinte obra: Saraiva, Kandy S. de Almeida; Oliveira, Rogério Carlos G. de. Saraiva Júnior; dicionário da língua Portuguesa ilustrado. 3 ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2009. Nossas observações apontam para a falta de critérios claros e definidos, bem como o tratamento dado às informações que compõem o sistema de remissivas.
SEXO E SEXUALIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: INTERFACES QUE ENVOLVEM AS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: MONTEIRO SOLANGE DE SOUZA
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo trata de uma reflexão sobre a concepção de infância presente no Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil – RCNEI, objeto de pesquisa proposto, verificar que as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no espaço escolar podem reforçar estereótipos construídos historicamente nas relações sociais. Entre as contribuições  este trabalho pode trazer para a comunidade científica estão: colocar em evidência um objeto ainda pouco explorado no meio acadêmico; trazer elementos para a reflexão que possam nortear a reformulação de currículos em cursos de formação de professores; favorecer a proposição e implementação de cursos de formação continuada em educação sexual para educadores; trazer à tona, o debate sobre o processo de socialização de crianças pequenas que ocorre no interior de instituições de educação infantil.
CARTOGRAFIAS DISSIDENTES: corpo, sexo, gênero e discurso como dispositivos de mapeamentos de resistências e categorias de análise sociais urbanas
Authors: Pagnan Redson
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo discuto as inter-relações estabelecidas entre gênero, sexualidade e espaço urbano. O interesse maior recaí sobre os modos como podemos ler as categorias de corpo, sexo e gênero como dispositivos de mapeamentos de resistências que possam auxiliar em análises e descrições do ‘sujeito-queer’ em nossa sociedade, nas diversas análises possíveis. As identidades dissidentes ou ‘desviantes’, ocupam e ressignificam o espaço urbano de formas diferentes, dotando-os de novos significados e, assim, subvertendo seu valor inicial. Desse modo, trago como objeto de leitura a plataforma colaborativa ‘Queering the Map’ demonstrando como o ciberespaço se insere como um dispositivo de cartografias contemporâneas. Na análise faço gestos de leitura e interpretação entendendo a linguagem como performance a partir dos atos de fala e, também, com outras reflexões vindas da teoria da arquitetura e dos estudos urbanos, além das teorias Queer que colaboram com leitura de práticas não-binárias.
“MACHO DISCRETO”: heteronormatividade, identidades silenciadas e representações (homos)sexuais nos perfis do aplicativo de relacionamentos Grindr
Authors: DE MELO THIAGO BENITEZ , Santos Maria Elena Pires
Published: January 2021

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é compreender e averiguar como são construídas, por meio de discursos de autorrepresentação, as identidades dos usuários do aplicativo de relacionamentos Grindr, utilizado principalmente por homens gays (ou bissexuais), com a finalidade de marcar encontros. Busco, especificamente, analisar as representações (homos)sexuais que esses sujeitos fazem de si mesmos e do outro em seus perfis virtuais, averiguando o confronto entre a escolha de certas identidades e o silenciamento de outras através das estratégias de negociações identitárias.  A escolha desse aplicativo se deu em razão ao seu intenso crescimento de usuários e pela expressiva popularidade que ele adquiriu nos últimos anos, visto que os sujeitos, caso queiram, podem disponibilizar fotografias e informações básicas sobre si para criarem um tipo de “autoidentidade”. Para efetivo funcionamento, o Grindr opera segundo ferramentas de geolocalização, as quais fornecem a distância quase exata entre os sujeitos ali inseridos virtualmente, facilitando o encontro entre os mesmos. O percurso metodológico utilizado para a análise dos dados busca romper com as fronteiras e limites disciplinares, em direção a uma perspectiva inter/trans/indisciplinar. Amparo-me, para isso, nas perspectivas epistemológicas dos Estudos da Linguagem e da Teoria Crítica do Discurso, dos Estudos Culturais, Antropológicos e da Sociologia.
ENTRE MODAS E MODALIDADES DA LÍNGUA: o gênero conversa no Whatsapp
Authors: Pereira Gomes Vitor , Cecilio de Faria Rozenfeld Cibele
Published: January 2021

Diálogos por meio da ferramenta Whatsapp vêm sendo amplamente praticados por pessoas no mundo inteiro, independentemente da idade e escolaridade. Este estudo analisa o gênero conversa no Whatsapp, objetivando entender a natureza de suas formas e sentidos para alunos em contexto de uma disciplina de pós-graduação. De natureza qualitativa, com procedimentos interpretativistas, foi feito, primeiramente, um levantamento bibliográfico de pesquisas sobre o Whatsapp. Tendo sido identificada uma lacuna em relação ao estudo do gênero produzido nesse ambiente, bem como do seu possível lugar no ensino, em meio a outras ferramentas de interação, é que se originou o presente estudo. Na sequência, considerou-se teóricos que analisaram as modalidades da língua, buscando compreender o lugar do virtual e sua importância em ambientes de ensino. A partir das considerações teóricas, analisou-se o discurso de uma conversa no Whatsapp, produzida por um grupo de alunos de pós-graduação, durante seis meses. Nos resultados, notam-se transposições, compensações e peculiaridades desse gênero de discurso em relação a outros, fato que, juntamente com sua crescente ocorrência em diferentes ambientes, justificam o estudo de sua tipologia.
FIGURATIVIZAÇÃO E EXPERIÊNCIA SENSÍVEL: a opressão em “O dia em que encontrei meu pai”, de Luiz Ruffato
Authors: Santos Flavia Karla Ribeiro , Ricardo Marcela , Abriata Vera Lucia Rodella
Published: January 2021

A partir do instrumental teórico da semiótica discursiva, o artigo analisa o conto “O dia em que encontrei meu pai”, de Luiz Ruffato, publicado em 2018 na coletânea A cidade dorme. Nosso objetivo é analisar o modo como as as relações histórico-sociais participam da construção de sentidos do texto, particularmente por meio dos procedimentos discursivos da figurativização e da tematização e da interdiscursividade, apreensíveis no diálogo que o enunciador estabelece com o contexto histórico da Ditadura Militar no Brasil. Observamos que o contrato fiduciário entre enunciador e enunciatário se perfaz especialmente por meio do jogo que o enunciador estabelece entre o nível da enunciação e o nível do enunciado. Por sua vez, o contrato de veridicção se constrói pela organização temático-figurativa do texto, que conduz o enunciatário a se sensibilizar com as agruras sofridas pelos actantes da narrativa, no papel temático de pai e filho, ocasionadas pela repressão política do período ditatorial militar brasileiro.
Effect of progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone + human chorionic gonadotropin treatment on conception rates in repeat breeder cows
Authors: Alkan Hasan , Erdem Huseyin
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hormonal support on the pregnancy rate in repeat breeder cows. Prostaglandin F2α + Ovsynch oestrus synchronization protocol was applied to the cows. Following the fixed time insemination (day 0), the cows were divided into 4 groups. In Group 1 (n = 42), progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) was placed vaginally at 84 h and removed on the 9th day after the artificial insemination. In Group 2 (n = 40), the cows were administered human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the 7th day. Group 3 (n = 45) was applied a combination of progesterone and hCG. Group 4 (n = 42) was not given any treatment. Blood samples were collected from all cows 4 times on days 3.5, 7, 12, and 18 to evaluate progesterone concentrations. The pregnancy rates were 40.47%, 37.50%, 44.44%, and 30.95% in Group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P > 0.05). In addition, in cows with progesterone concentrations <2 ng/ml on day 3.5, the pregnancy rates were found to be lower than in the cows with progesterone concentrations >2 ng/ml in Group 4 (P < 0.05). Progesterone supplementation in cows with progesterone concentrations < 2 ng/ml appeared to increase pregnancy rates (P < 0.05) in Groups 1 and 3. As a result, post-insemination hormonal applications in the repeat breeder cows did not increase the pregnancy rate. However, it was concluded that determination of progesterone concentrations on day 3.5 following artificial insemination and then hormonal support in the cows with low concentrations would increased the pregnancy rate.
Molecular genetic techniques and oligonucleotides for mycoplasma identification – a review
Authors: Kairova Markhabat , Rakhimzhanova Damegul
Published: January 2021

Control of distribution of mycoplasmal infections in cattle herds is essential in the majority of countries world-wide. Various PCR procedures are available to detect mycoplasmas in cell cultures and bovine mycoplasma in different types of samples. We reviewed some common PCR techniques and specific primers targeted to different bacterial genetic regions of mycoplasma. Several researchers used the same PCR approach and Mycoplasma spp. as a target but their results could not be compared because different primer pairs were used. These methods and primers were first developed to identify mycoplasma species that contaminate animal cell cultures, and then were used by other researchers to differentiate mycoplasmas as a cow infecting agent. Our analysis of the specificity of these primer pairs to nucleotide sequences of five Mycoplasma spp. showed that oligonucleotides have less specificity to them. Numerous commercially available PCR kits are applicable to find mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures and fewer of them can be used in veterinary diagnostics. Although serological and culture techniques are still used, it is necessary to develop a new multiplex PCR technique with a more specific primer set especially in agrarian countries.
The legal implication of certain interventions prohibited by law in the United Kingdom and Slovakia – a review
Authors: Packová Anna , Rogers Adam , Takáčová Daniela
Published: January 2021

Mutilation of dogs is an emotive and controversial subject for veterinarians and animal keepers. The elective docking of a dog’s tail is illegal under both UK and Slovak law except for specific breeds that are intended to be used for specific purposes while the elective cropping of dogs’ ears is illegal under all circumstances. In the EU, there is much variation between countries with some having a total ban on these procedures and others allowing elective ear cropping specifically. Under the current UK as well as Slovak legislation there is no legal requirement for a central monitoring of the number of docking procedures undertaken, therefore it is not possible to analyse the efficacy of the legislation, specifically, the monitoring of the number of legally docked dogs that are not eventually used for the purpose for which their exemption was granted. There is also no certification scheme for dogs undergoing ear cropping legally in EU countries that permit it. It is suggested that greater monitoring be implemented of the eventual use of docked dogs and the EU granting proof of legality to ear cropped dogs in order to understand how great a risk is posed by illegal docking and cropping procedures.
Anti-ulcerogenic effect of osajin on indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats
Authors: Erol Huseyin Serkan , Cakir Ahmet , Koc Murat , Yildirim Serkan , Halici Mesut
Published: January 2021

Ulcer is the most common undesirable result of using non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin. In the present study, osajin was experimentally used on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Osajin was purified from Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C. K. Schneid fruits by using the chromatographic methods. Thirty six rats were divided into six groups as follows: healthy (control), IND (indomethacin), RAN (ranitidine, 25 mg/kg), OSJ 100 (osajin, 100 mg/kg), OSJ 200 (200 mg/kg) and OSJ 400 (osajin, 400 mg/kg). Following a 24-h fasting, IND was administered to the treatment groups at a dose of 25 mg/kg. RAN and OSJ were given orally to rats following 5 min of IND administration. Then, gastric tissues were taken 6 h after the IND administration. Determination of the ulcer area, pathological evidence, and biochemical indices such as lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase were performed. IND generated diffuse ulcer areas, severe hyperaemia, oedema, necrotic epithelium, and mononuclear cell infiltration in the mucosa, and significantly increased lipid peroxidation while also decreasing the glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of the tissue. OSJ and RAN showed significant amelioration on ulcer area and biochemical indices. Therefore, OSJ may be potentially therapeutic for gastric ulcers.
Assessment of antibiotic resistance in starter and non-starter lactobacilli of food origin
Authors: Dušková Marta , Morávková Monika , Mrázek Jakub , Florianová Martina , Vorlová Lenka , Karpíšková Renáta
Published: January 2021

The absence of acquired resistance to antimicrobials has become an important criterion in evaluation of the biosafety of lactobacilli used as industrial starter or probiotic cultures. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotic resistance in starter and non-starter lactobacilli of food origin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin were established in 81 strains of lactobacilli (L. acidophilus, L. animalis, L. brevis, L. curvatus, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. helveticus, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. sakei) by the microdilution method. The strains were classified as susceptible or resistant to antimicrobials based on the cut-off values according to the EFSA guideline. Sixty-two strains (77% food isolates, 76% starter or adjunct cultures) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (the most frequently to aminoglycosides). Adjunct cultures showed a higher antibiotic resistance (80%) than starters (60%). Four multiresistant strains (3 food isolates, 1 adjunct culture) were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. One potentially transferable aadE gene (responsible for streptomycin resistance) was detected only in one multi-drug resistant strain of L. animalis originating from an adjunct culture. Thus, there is a risk of horizontal transmission of this gene. It is necessary to eliminate such strains from use in the food industry. This study provides relevant data concerning the use of lactobacilli in safe food production. To ensure food safety, detailed characterization of resistance to antimicrobials is necessary not only in starter strains but also in non-starter lactic acid bacteria isolated from food products.
Interaction of radionuclide 131I and cadmium chloride in an alternative bioassay with Artemia franciscana evaluated by a digital record
Authors: Kovářík Ladislav , Dvořák Petr , Beňová Katarína , Doležalová Jana , Tomko Martin , Špalková Michaela
Published: January 2021

The interaction of radionuclide 131I and cadmium chloride was investigated by an alternative bioassay using the crustaceans Artemia franciscana. Fifty individuals were placed in each Petri dish. Due to radiation protection, evaluation of the experiment was performed using digital recordings taken by a camera. In the group containing a cadmium solution with an added radionuclide with a volumetric activity of 32 MBq·l-1, the lethality was significantly lower than in the group containing only a cadmium solution of 0.250 mmol·l-1. In the cadmium solution group and higher volumetric activity of radionuclide 131I (370 MBq·l-1), the lethality was significantly higher than in the control group, which demonstrated a synergistic effect. It was found that lethality was lower in the group containing only radionuclide 131I with a volumetric activity of 138 MBq·l-1 than in the control group. This result supports the theory of radiation hormesis.
THE ROLE OF THE "BELOCHEKHS (WHITE CZECHS)" IN CREATING THE IMAGE OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK STATE IN THE NEW IDEOLOGICAL SPACE OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Gorokhova Mariya E.
Published: January 2021

In the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, numerous Slavic peoples, including Czechs and Slovaks, for a long time possessed little to no political and even national-cultural autonomy. It was the First World War that gave them a chance for a national liberation. Prague gained political fame not only as the capital of a new independent state, but also as a center of attraction for Russian “white” emigration even earlier than Belgrade, Paris and other famous cities. It all began, however, not in these European capitals, but in distant Siberia. The activities of the Czechoslovak Legion during the Civil War from May 1918 to March 1920 had a huge impact on the political and military situation in Soviet Russia. The rebellion of the Belochekhs affected more than half of the country’s territory and a number of cities along the Trans-Siberian Railway. The Czech Legion was perceived as the first phenomenon of a new, unknown state. A representation of “Czechoslovaks” and Czechoslovakia was formed through the Legion. It was intended to become the face of the First Republic. Therefore, it is important to understand what opinion on the Czech Legion as a representative of a young Eastern European state various political forces of the new Russia formed and why, and how it influenced the establishment of allied relations with it in the future.
AMERICAN POLICY TOWARDS RUSSIA: COMPETITION, DETERRENCE AND GOVERNING CONTROL
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Shakleina Tatiana A.
Published: January 2021

The global strategy of the United States is characterized by a great degree of continuity, adherence to basic ideas of American ideology, aims, tasks, and the methods of realization of national American interests, though different administrations bring tactical minor changes to the real policy and official rhetoric. Similar trend is seen when we describe and analyze the US strategy towards Russia. The hypothesis of the author is the following: American policy towards Russia has been developing within a quite clear historical paradigm of confrontational competition; American actions do not depend on whether the Russian State exists as the USSR or the Russian Federation. The dominant factor defining this kind of confrontational strategy is that Russia remains one of the leading world powers that is playing a very influential role in international relations and the world order formation, demonstrates an opposite to American view of global governance and world development. In the US, it is seen as a serious obstacle to the realization of the American concept of world liberal order – a monocentric /US centric world order. Restoration by Russia of a great power status after the dissolution of the Soviet Union has not been fully predicted and is unacceptable to the US, and first of all, to the ruling political elite. Opposition and criticism of Russia has been growing since 1995, and in the 2010s the deterrence of Russia evolved into a new cold war. Cold war confrontation between the US and Russia during the Trump administration became large scale and multifaceted, and could be characterized as a political, economic, and information war. There is a quite clear consensus on the Russia issue between the representatives of Congress, political parties and the groups of interest, mass media and think tanks, the representatives of intelligence community and some federal agencies. The article suggests the analysis of the views and recommendations of the leading think tanks as their influence on the policy towards Russia has been quite visible during all administrations. Though the Trump administration is in opposition to practically all liberal media (the majority of all mass media) and think tanks, the policy of the United States towards Russia is being formulated within the traditional paradigm. The author suggests a structural realist school of thinking as the most relevant for the better understanding of the situation in the Russian-American relations.
DIFFERENCES AMONG THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: 2014-2019
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Vakarchuk Denis O.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the relations between Russia and the member states of the European Union in the period from 2014 to 2019. Methodologically, the author assumes that the European Union is a heterogeneous structure that affects the Russian-European relations. This is especially true for the foreign policy field where each EU state pursues its own interests. The author sets a task to study the impact ofthe differences between theEU memberstates on the dynamics of their relations with Russia through quantitative analysis. Within the confines of the empirical study, the dependent variable is presented as the state of the relations between the EU countries and the Russian Federation, and it is operationalized by an event study. To identify the differences between the EU states, the author proposes to use a set of factors such as the duration of EU membership, dependence on the trade with the Russian Federation, the type of democracy and the great power identification. Mann-Whitney U-test is the tool to investigate the connections between the variables. The result of the quantitative analysis demonstrates that in the period under review it was only the factor of belonging of a number of EU member states to the great powers that had a significant impact on their relations with Russia.
Unity and Differentiation of Types of Legal Proceedings in the Russian Legal System: Grounds and Limits
Authors: Sokolov Timur
Published: January 2021

One of the key issues of modern procedural and legal science is the issue of dividing legal proceedings into types and the relationship of these types with each other. The severity of this issue is explained by the discrepancy between the constitutionally enshrined list of types of legal proceedings and the set of procedural codes. The article discusses approaches to differentiating the types of legal proceedings, developed a criterion for distinguishing between the types of legal proceedings, and also indicates the grounds and limits of the unity and differentiation of the types of legal proceedings.