bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymerization and Preparation of High Functional Ophthalmic Lens Material Containing 2-Fluoro Styrene with Si and Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Min-Jae , Sung A-Young
Published: October 2019

This research was conducted to produce the high functional silicone hydrogel ophthalmic lens containing styrene group and nanoparticles. 2F (2-fluorostyrene) was added to enhance polymerization stability during lens formation, Si and Ag nanoparticles were used as additives for the basic
combination including Sil-H (Silicone monomer), TSMA (Trimethylsilyl methacrylate), DMA (N,N-Dimethylacetamide) and MMA (methyl methacrylate). And also, the materials were copolymerized with EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as the crosslinking agent and AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile)
as the initiator. Measurement of the physical, optical, surface and antimicrobial characteristics of the produced material showed the possibility of utilization as an opthalmic contact lens. As a result of the polymerization stability measurement, no significant difference was observed in
all the samples, so it can be judged that the stabilization of nanoparticles in the polymer was maintained. Therefore, these materials are expected to satisfy the basic requirements of ophthalmic lenses and used usefully as an antimicrobial material for silicone hydrogel ophthalmic lens.
Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Darzens Reaction of 2-Halomalonate Derivatives
Authors: Kobayashi Kenichi , Tanaka Kosaku , Suzuki Momoko , Kogen Hiroshi
Published: October 2019

A catalytic asymmetric intramolecular Darzens reaction of 2-halomalonate derivatives was developed for the enantioselective preparation of chiral building blocks for epoxide-containing natural products. Among the screened catalysts, some phase-transfer catalysts gave the desired epoxide in moderate enantioselectivity, albeit in low yield. The epoxide product would be useful as versatile chiral building blocks for natural product synthesis.
‘Living with challenges in the shadow of diabetes’: An interview study among adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Wessman Ylva , Bahtsevani Christel
Published: October 2019

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a diabetes-related complication with vague and progressive symptoms with few available treatments. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among adults living with type 1 diabetes. Twelve interviews were performed and qualitative content analysis was used. The overarching theme ‘living with challenges in the shadow of diabetes’ substantiated by the categories ‘pay attention to changes over time’, ‘frequent needs to facilitate living’ and ‘burdens to manage’ represents a daily awareness of the complication where autodidactic strategies were implemented. The conclusion indicates that it might be beneficial if nurses in diabetes care initiate an open-minded dialogue with adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy to highlight their experiences and to discuss further strategies to facilitate living.
Phase III Precision Medicine Clinical Trial Designs That Integrate Treatment and Biomarker Evaluation
Authors: Polley Mei-Yin C. , Korn Edward L. , Freidlin Boris
Published: October 2019

Recent advances in biotechnology and cancer genomics have afforded enormous opportunities for development of more effective anticancer therapies. A key thrust of this modern drug development paradigm is successful identification of predictive biomarkers that can distinguish patients who might be sensitive to new targeted therapies. To respond to this challenge, a number of phase III cancer trial designs integrating biomarker-based objectives have been proposed and implemented in oncology drug development. In this article, we provide an updated review of commonly used biomarker-based randomized clinical trial designs, with a particular focus on design efficiency. When the efficacy of a new therapy may be limited to a biomarker-defined subgroup, the choice of an appropriate randomized clinical trial design should be guided by the strength of the biomarker’s credentials. If compelling evidence indicates that a targeted therapy is beneficial only in a particular biomarker-defined subgroup, an enrichment design should be used. If there is strong evidence that the treatment is likely to be more beneficial in the biomarker-positive patients but a meaningful benefit is also possible in the biomarker-negative patients, then a properly powered biomarker-stratified design (eg, a subgroup-specific or Marker Sequential Test strategy) would provide the most rigorous determination of the sensitive populations. If the evidence supporting the predictive value of the biomarker is weak and the treatment is expected to work in the overall population, then a fallback design could be used. Careful selection of an appropriate phase III design strategy that integrates evaluation of a new anticancer therapy and its companion diagnostic is critical to the success of precision medicine in oncology.
Developing and Validating Risk Assessment Models of Clinical Outcomes in Modern Oncology
Authors: Halabi Susan , Li Cai , Luo Sheng
Published: October 2019

The identification of prognostic factors and building of risk assessment prognostic models will continue to play a major role in 21st century medicine in patient management and decision making. Investigators often are interested in examining the relationship among host, tumor-related, and environmental variables in predicting clinical outcomes. We distinguish between static and dynamic prediction models. In static prediction modeling, variables collected at baseline typically are used in building models. On the other hand, dynamic predictive models leverage the longitudinal data of covariates collected during treatment or follow-up and hence provide accurate predictions of patients’ prognoses. To date, most risk assessment models in oncology have been based on static models. In this article, we cover topics related to the analysis of prognostic factors, centering on factors that are both relevant at the time of diagnosis or initial treatment and during treatment. We describe the types of risk prediction and then provide a brief description of the penalized regression methods. We then review the state-of-the art methods for dynamic prediction and compare the strengths and limitations of these methods. Although static models will continue to play an important role in oncology, developing and validating dynamic models of clinical outcomes need to take a higher priority. A framework for developing and validating dynamic tools in oncology seems to still be needed. One of the limitations in oncology that may constrain modelers is the lack of access to longitudinal biomarker data. It is highly recommended that the next generation of risk assessments consider longitudinal biomarker data and outcomes so that prediction can be continually updated.
DESIGN OF HIGH-RESOLUTION (12-14 BIT) MULTI-CHIP CONVEYOR ADCS WITH 0.5-1 GHZ CONVERSION FREQUENCY
Authors: Кононов Владимир , Kononov Vladimir
Published: October 2019

Low-voltage amplifiers of telescopic type based on CMOS technology with design norms of 180 nm and 60 nm are investigated. It is established that the best characteristics of nonlinearity in the frequency range up to 250 MHz have amplifiers manufactured by technology with design standards of 180 nm. It is shown that amplifiers of the folded CAS-code type with a supply voltage of 2.5-3 V and cascade transistors with maximum permissible interelectrode voltages of 1.2-1.8 V can degrade and even catastrophically fail when exposed to TKCH. Technical solutions for calibration of bias and gain equalization of channels in the creation of 4-channel 12-14-bit ADC with conversion frequency up to 1 GHz and 0.5 GHz are considered. It is shown that the multi-chip use of this type of ADC in the form of microassemblies allows to achieve typical values of integral nonlinearity, signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range.
CALCULATION OF THE AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A UAV TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INSTALLED ELEMENTS OF ANTI-ICE SYSTEM IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT XFLR5
Authors: Мельников А. , Mel'nikov A.
Published: October 2019

Based on the geometric dimensions of the CLARK-Y wing profile used in the design of various aircraft models, the calculations of its main aerodynamic characteristics were carried out. Taking into account the developed method of protecting the wing of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from icing, changes were made to the profile structure taking into account the installation features of the anti-icing system (AIS) elements. Both profiles are digitally entered into the XFLR5 program, where the aerodynamic quality of the wing was calculated before installing the AIS elements and with the elements installed. Wing polarities were obtained, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn about the possibility of using the developed AIS.
DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM AND INFORMATION SYSTEM MODEL OF FUNCTIONING FOR CIP-WASHING OPERATORS TRAINING AND TESTING
Authors: Новикова Татьяна , Novikova Tatyana , Данилов А. , Danilov A. , Новиков Артур , Novikov A.
Published: October 2019

CIP-washing are complex automated systems, the task of which is to clean the internal surfaces of pipes, tanks, process equipment, filters without disassembly. Training of CIP-washing operators takes place during commissioning of the equipment by specialists of the manufacturer. Further training of operators takes place according to the documents: operating instructions and CIP-wash passport. The operator does not have the possibility of additional training and self-testing of their knowledge. Therefore, the development of an algorithm and a model of functioning of the training information system for CIP-washing operators is relevant. The proposed algorithm and model formed the basis of the developed software of the training information system for CIP-washing operators.
Distressed Stocks in Distressed Times
Authors: Eisdorfer Assaf , Misirli Efdal Ulas
Published: October 2019

We partially explain the well-documented distress anomaly by studying the risk/return relation of distressed stocks across market states. We show that the anomaly does not hold in market downturns. The asset beta and financial leverage of distressed stocks rise significantly during bear markets, resulting in a dramatic increase in their equity beta. Hence, a long/short healthy-minus-distressed trading strategy leads to significant losses when the market rebounds. Managing this risk mitigates the severe losses of financial distress strategies and significantly improves their Sharpe ratios. Our results remain strongly significant controlling for the momentum effect and are robust to various estimation procedures.

This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Dynamic Attention Behavior Under Return Predictability
Authors: Andrei Daniel , Hasler Michael
Published: October 2019

We investigate the dynamic problem of how much attention an investor should pay to news in order to learn about stock-return predictability and maximize expected lifetime utility. We show that the optimal amount of attention is U-shaped in the return predictor, increasing with both uncertainty and the magnitude of the predictive coefficient and decreasing with stock-return volatility. The optimal risky asset position exhibits a negative hedging demand that is hump shaped in the return predictor. Its magnitude is larger when uncertainty increases but smaller when stock-return volatility increases. We test and find empirical support for these theoretical predictions.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
A Balancing Act of Regulating On-Demand Ride Services
Authors: Yu Jiayi Joey , Tang Christopher S. , Max Shen Zuo-Jun , Chen Xiqun Michael
Published: October 2019

Regulating on-demand ride-hailing services (e.g., Uber and DiDi) requires a balance of multiple competing objectives: encouraging innovative business models (e.g., DiDi), sustaining traditional industries (e.g., taxi), creating new jobs, and reducing traffic congestion. This study is motivated by a regulatory policy implemented by the Chinese government in 2017 and a similar policy approved by the New York City Council in 2018 that regulate the “maximum” number of registered Uber/DiDi drivers. We examine the impact of these policies on the welfare of different stakeholders (i.e., consumers, taxi drivers, on-demand ride service company, and independent drivers). By analyzing a two-period dynamic game that involves these stakeholders, we find that, without government intervention, the on-demand ride service platform can drive the traditional taxi industry out of the market under certain conditions. Relative to no regulations and a complete ban policy, a carefully designed regulatory policy can strike a better balance of multiple competing objectives. Finally, if a government can reform the taxi industry by adjusting the taxi fare, then lowering the taxi fare instead of imposing a strict policy toward on-demand ride services can improve the total social welfare.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Analisis Image Forensics Untuk Mendeteksi Pemalsuan Foto Digital
Authors: Riadi Imam , Yudhana Anton , Sulistyo Wicaksono Yuli
Published: October 2019

Perkembangan foto yang semakin maju membuatnya memiliki banyak keunggulan dan kekurangan, salah satunya adalah mudahnya dimanipulasi dengan software editing. Perubahan foto dapat dibuat atau diedit dengan mudah, sehingga dapat merubah informasi yang disampaikan menjadi berbeda dan membuatnya rawan digunakan untuk tindak kejahatan. Forensics citra digital merupakan salah satu metode ilmiah pada bidang penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan fakta-fakta pembuktian dalam menentukan keaslian image. Hal ini menjadi dasar penelitian ini untuk mendeteksi pemalsuan foto digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisa dengan 3 tools forensics yaitu FotoForensics, ForensicallyBeta dan Opanda IExif. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah terdeteksinya perbedaan metadata dan perbedaan kontras antara foto asli dan foto manipulasi yang menunjukan adanya perubahan pada foto tersebut.
Central venous access device-related sheaths: a predictor of infective and thrombotic incidence?
Authors: Hill Steve , Hamblett Ian , Brady Samantha , Vasileukaya Sviatlana , Zuzuarregui Ibon , Martin Fiona
Published: October 2019

Central vascular access device (CVAD)-related sheaths, sometimes described as ‘fibrin sheaths’, may result in minor or significant sequelae, from persistent withdrawal occlusion (PWO) to infective sheaths associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The authors studied 179 patients who underwent isotope scans, where isotope was infused via the CVAD. Isotope was found to bind to the sheaths around the catheters of some patients. The amount of uptake was taken to be an extent to which a sheath had developed around the CVAD. The degree of uptake of isotope was categorised into three groups: low uptake, moderate uptake and high uptake. Patients were then followed up from the date the CVAD was inserted to 12 months after the date of the isotope scan, until the device was removed or to the date the patient died, to identify incidence of infection, thrombosis and PWO. PWO incidence in all levels of uptake was around 5–7%. Bloodstream infection (BSI) incidence for low uptake was 7% (9/130), moderate uptake 10% (3/30) and for patients with significant uptake 16% (3/19). Thrombosis for no uptake was less than 1% (1/130), moderate uptake 7% (2/30), and significant uptake had no incidence of thrombosis. Total complications: no uptake 15%, moderate uptake 23% and significant uptake 21%. This single-centre study showed that patients with isotope-highlighted sheaths experienced higher incidence of infective, thrombotic and total complications.
Acceptability and effectiveness of a 3D virtual reality cardiovascular lesson
Authors: Kelly Dervla , O'Neill Mary , Salaja Bisola , O'Mahony Kieran , Dixon Mark
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

The aim is to describe a preliminary pilot incorporating 3D virtual reality (VR) into a cardiovascular problem-based learning (PBL) lesson.

Methods:

A paramedic cohort of students (n=19) took part in a 12-lesson anatomy and physiology module. Multiple choice question results from the cardiovascular PBL lesson were compared with the multiple choice question results from other organ system PBL lessons. In addition, a questionnaire was answered by 15 students assessing acceptability of the lesson.

Results:

The authors found that when students used VR materials, they achieved significantly better results compared with the non-VR lessons. Over 80% of students thought that VR-based PBL exercises brought the cardiovascular anatomy to life and was a useful learning tool.

Conclusion:

The use of VR in a PBL learning environment has a significant positive effect on the performance of the students and is valued by students as useful. It may therefore be beneficial to integrate VR-based learning into emergency medicine training.
Uneasy bedfellows? Fusing participatory and psychosocial principles in research with youth workers and young people
Authors: Harris Peter
Published: October 2019

This article charts an attempt to fuse two arguably incompatible formulations of social research; one rooted in a commitment to democratic, participatory practice and the other rooted in a psychosocial epistemological frame. After setting out the broad precepts of the two methodological approaches, the article explores some theoretical and practical tensions that surfaced during a doctoral criminological study examining the desistance-promoting potential of relationships between male youth workers and young men involved in violence. I show how the professional context in which the study was conducted (youth work) afforded the opportunity to work with participants while also retaining a psychosocial epistemological and analytic frame. The article concludes that while the two approaches are likely to remain ‘uneasy bedfellows’, more researchers in the youth work field might consider adopting a psychosocial standpoint as a means of keeping in sight both the psychic and the social forces imbricated in young people’s lives and within their relationships with youth professionals.
Los juegos olímpicos en Río de Janeiro a comienzos del siglo XX: un abordaje a partir de los textos de la prensa escrita
Authors: Helal Ronaldo , Amaro Fausto
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo busca presentar un potencial campo de investigación histórico y mediático sobre los “primeros momentos” de los juegos olímpicos en Río de Janeiro (de 1890 a 1919). El escenario que se configura en estas tres primeras décadas analizadas nos muestra cómo los juegos olímpicos conquistaron su espacio en los periódicos cariocas y por qué vías las narrativas de esos medios influenciaron la formación de la opinión del público lector. Los periódicos aquí estudiados proporcionan indicios que nos permiten reconstruir los espacios ocupados por los juegos olímpicos. Éstos no estaban situados solamente en el campo deportivo, sino también en el campo del esparcimiento, del entretenimiento, de las nuevas prácticas corporales, de las modificaciones urbanísticas en curso. La diversidad de usos de las expresiones “juegos olímpicos” y “olimpiadas” sugiere la penetración social del tema y, al mismo tiempo, la ausencia de una preocupación explícita del Comité Olímpico Internacional en regular el uso de sus principales marcas. Tal preocupación comienza a surgir tímidamente sólo en la década de 1910.
Brasil: representaciones del deporte y del cuerpo en la literatura portuguesa del siglo XXI
Authors: Kralik Angelini Paulo Ricardo
Published: October 2019

Brasil ha alimentado, durante siglos, los más diversos estereotipos a partir de la mirada extranjera. Este artículo rescata algunas escenas e imágenes extraídas de narrativas portuguesas del siglo XXI, centradas en el elemento deportivo y que confirman la construcción simbólica con la que carga este país. En ese sentido, a partir de pasajes que tiene el deporte, y en particular el fútbol, como referencia, voy a hablar sobre los clichés que contribuyen a la reiteración de una idea preconcebida del brasileño como un pueblo alegre, poco fiable y deportista. Además, está el cuerpo, íntimamente vinculado a una vida activa al aire libre, visto como un objeto de seducción y a menudo asociado a una sensualidad innata, considerada una característica típica del brasileño.
“Crecida concurrencia de personas corrió a presenciar la valiosa y viril diversión”: regatas, clubs y relaciones étnicas en la Porto Alegre decimonónica (1877-1895)
Authors: Karls Cleber Eduardo
Published: October 2019

En el contexto del desarrollo deportivo brasileño, las competiciones vinculadas a las prácticas donde el agua constituye el escenario privilegiado, están asociadas a una nueva postura sobre la salud y el cuerpo, en la que están involucradas las condiciones de saneamiento y la valoración de la higiene como promotora de la salubridad. Esta maraña de resignificaciones valorizó la propia orla marítima y todo su entorno, donde los baños pasaron a tener legitimación médica en la medida en que pasaron a ser vistos como actividades saludables y recomendadas. Especialmente a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX estas premisas ratificaron el amplio desarrollo de prácticas que conjugaban factores considerados salubres. En efecto, la ciudad de Porto Alegre, capital estatal más austral de Brasil, ha mantenido a lo largo de su historia una íntima relación con el agua. Nuestro objetivo, en este artículo, ha sido apuntar aspectos iniciales de la formación de los deportes acuáticos en Porto Alegre y su consecuente institucionalización en clubs, además de su relación con una industria de entretenimiento en formación y expansión. Buscamos problematizar las peculiaridades locales que tuvieron destacada relevancia en el escenario de Porto Alegre en el período decimonónico, entre ellas el enfrentamiento de carácter étnico. Para este análisis utilizamos como fuente los periódicos publicados en la ciudad en el período en estudio.
Los desafíos de ejecutar la Política de Residuos Sólidos brasileña: el caso del vertedero incontrolado de Jardim Gramacho
Authors: Preira Bastos Valéria , Fonseca Figueiredo Fábio
Published: October 2019

El artículo analiza los resultados de la investigación realizada en 2016, de carácter cualitativo, con recolectores de materiales reciclables del vertedero incontrolado de Jardim Gramacho, ubicado en el municipio de Duque de Caxias, Río de Janeiro/Brasil. La idea era comprender la problemática de esos sujetos, verificando que, aunque la Política Nacional de Residuos Sólidos brasileña determina que dichos trabajadores deben ser partícipes de la gestión integrada de residuos sólidos desarrollada por los Ayuntamientos, después de su promulgación en agosto de 2010, los recolectores siguieron siendo estigmatizados y excluidos de beneficios y derechos sociales y laborales. Tras el cierre del vertedero, y a pesar de la promesa de la administración pública de inclusión socio productiva de los trabajadores, las ganancias de los recolectores disminuyeron sustancialmente y el trabajo de recogida de materiales reciclables se volvió aún más difícil, teniendo en cuenta que los municipios que destinaban sus residuos al antiguo vertedero no invirtieron en programas de recogida selectiva. Se incumplieron numerosas recomendaciones de la política nacional que defiende y garantiza el apoyo a los recolectores. Identificamos, además, que la principal acción del Ayuntamiento de Río de Janeiro con el objetivo de resolver la problemática social y ambiental del vertedero, fue el cierre del mismo, sin preocuparse por cumplir las demás recomendaciones constantes en la ley, que garantizarían trabajo y renta para los recolectores.
Las fotografías de Aragão Humberto en el libro A poética da imagem
Authors: De AragÃo Solange
Published: October 2019

Aragão Filho, H. L. de. (2017). A poética na imagem. São Paulo: Intermeios.Esta reseña trata del libro La poética de la imagen, organizado por Humberto Lima de Aragão Filho, que recoge algunas de las fotografías más importantes y premiadas en los años 1950 y 1960 realizadas por el fotógrafo brasileño Humberto Aragão. El libro contiene cerca de 40 imágenes que demuestran que el artista trabajaba siguiendo las tendencias del arte fotográfico de ese momento, explorando la transparencia, la distorsión, el contraluz y el tema regionalista: el hombre del noreste de Brasil.
Prática docente do sociólogo na educação básica: simulação de parlamento
Authors: Sousa Neto Manoel Moreira de , Pessoa Márcio Kleber Morais
Published: October 2019

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar uma experiência desenvolvida durante as aulas de sociologia no ensino médio pelos autores: a simulação de parlamento. A atividade foi realizada em duas escolas de ensino médio da rede estadual do Ceará, ambas localizadas em bairros periféricos da capital do estado, Fortaleza. As experiências nas escolas ocorreram nos anos letivos 2013, 2014 e 2015. O método dialógico freireano foi utilizado como referência para as atividades em sala de aula. Com esse experimento pôde-se constatar significativas diferenças entre as atividades realizadas nas duas escolas analisadas, devido, principalmente, à cultura escolar de cada estabelecimento. Ademais, a atividade passou por modificações entre e até durante as aplicações, a fim de que ocorressem adaptações favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da ação e também ao aprendizado dos alunos e das alunas.
Optimasi Desain Bucket Tooth Excavator Jenis Verona PC200 Menggunakan Optimasi Topologi dan Metode Elemen Hingga
Authors: Suryo Sumar Hadi , Sastra Rachmat Suryadi , Muchammad Muchammad
Published: October 2019

Excavator merupakan alat berat yang biasanya digunakan untuk menggali tanah, membelah batu, membongkar jalan atau merobohkan bangunan. Salah satu komponen yang berperan dalam fungsi tersebut adalah bucket tooth. Pada penelitian ini membahas tentang perancangan optimasi bucket tooth yang ada di pasaran untuk menghasilkan desain yang lebih ringan tetapi tetap mempertahankan kekuatannya, bucket tooth tersebut adalah Verona PC200. Proses optimasi pada bucket tooth menerapkan konsep optimasi topologi. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi penentuan jenis material yang dipakai dengan berbagai pengujian yaitu uji komposisi, uji mikrografi dan uji kekerasan. Kemudian dilakukan analisis linear statik menggunakan metode elemen hingga untuk melihat tegangan maksimum yang terjadi pada bucket tooth, besarnya nilai tegangan Von-mises sebesar 403,81 MPa. Selanjutnya dilakukan optimasi topologi dengan memilih beberapa variasi area desain yang menghasilkan reduksi massa dalam variasi pertama sebesar 0,72 kg dan pada variasi kedua 1,49 kg. Reduksi massa tersebut menyebabkan perubahan tegangan yang terjadi pada bucket tooth menjadi 451,8 MPa pada variasi pertama, dan 458,6 MPa pada variasi kedua, namun tegangan tersebut masih dalam kondisi aman.
Uji Prestasi Air Heater pada Pelat Bergelombang Melintang dengan Variasi Kecepatan Udara Masuk
Authors: Yunianto Bambang , Surya Sumar Hadi , Oktavian Dicky
Published: October 2019

Energi surya merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan non-konvensional yang tersedia secara bebas sebagai sumber energi yang  bebas polusi. Cara yang paling sederhana dan paling efisien untuk memanfaatkan energi surya adalah mengubahnya menjadi energi termal untuk aplikasi pemanasan dengan menggunakan kolektor surya. Penelitian ini membahas tentang perbedaan efisiensi antara kolektor pelat  datar dan pelat dengan plat gelombang melintang. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan  panas yang berguna, panas yang masuk, panas yang hilang, dan efisiensi kolektor. Energi input pada kolektor adalah panas yang berasal dari lampu halogen (sebagai simulator matahari) yang diarahkan ke kolektor. Pengujian dari penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data-data temperatur dari 3 buah sensor yang berada pada ruangan, pelat penyerap panas dan tempat keluar kolektor. Kemudian mengetahui efisiensi kolektor pemanas udara dari 7 variasi kecepatan udara yaitu 2,1 m/s, 2,3 m/s, 2,4 m/s, 3 m/s, 3,5 m/s, 4 m/s, 4,5 m/s. Dan yang terakhir adalah membandingkan nilai efisiensi kolektor pelat datar dan pelat gelombang melintang. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi kolektor pelat gelombang melintang lebih tinggi dibanding pelat datar dan semakin meningkat laju  kecepatan udara maka efisiensi juga akan meningkat.
Computational methods for small molecule identification
Authors: Dührkop Kai
Published: October 2019

Identification of small molecules remains a central question in analytical chemistry, in particular for natural product research, metabolomics, environmental research, and biomarker discovery. Mass spectrometry is the predominant technique for high-throughput analysis of small molecules. But it reveals only information about the mass of molecules and, by using tandem mass spectrometry, about the mass of molecular fragments. Automated interpretation of mass spectra is often limited to searching in spectral libraries, such that we can only dereplicate molecules for which we have already recorded reference mass spectra. In my thesis “Computational methods for small molecule identification” we developed SIRIUS, a tool for the structural elucidation of small molecules with tandem mass spectrometry. The method first computes a hypothetical fragmentation tree using combinatorial optimization. By using a Bayesian statistical model, we can learn parameters and hyperparameters of the underlying scoring directly from data. We demonstrate that the statistical model, which was fitted on a small dataset, generalizes well across many different datasets and mass spectrometry instruments. In a second step the fragmentation tree is used to predict a molecular fingerprint using kernel support vector machines. The predicted fingerprint can be searched in a structure database to identify the molecular structure. We demonstrate that our machine learning model outperforms all other methods for this task, including its predecessor FingerID. SIRIUS is available as commandline tool and as user interface. The molecular fingerprint prediction is implemented as web service and receives over one million requests per month.
Evaluation of anxiolytic and hypoglycemic potential of Cissus adnata Roxb. in animal model
Authors: Hasan Mohammed Shamim , Uddin Md. Giash , Shoibe Mohammed , Mahmud Abdullah Al , Banik Sujan
Published: October 2019

Background

This study was designed to evaluate the anxiolytic and hypoglycemic potential of methanolic extract of Cissus adnata Roxb. is a crucial medicinal plant used in many disorders belongs to Vitaceae family.

Methods

Elevated plus maze (EPM) test and hole board test was applied for the anxiolytic activity with the Swiss albino mice. The hypoglycemic activity was measured by the glucose tolerance test in mice model. The capacity to produce the desired effect of the plant extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) was compared with the anxiolytic drug of standard diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) and anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (10 mg/kg i.p.), respectively.

Results

The phytochemical screening of Cissus adnata extract exposed the presence of carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid, saponins, cardiac glycoside, tannin, and gum. The anxiolytic effect was detected in both experiments which significantly raised the number of head dips and the time spent in the open arm of the EPM (p<0.05) as the dose enlarged. Hypoglycemic study of the extracts shows better effect by reducing blood glucose level.

Conclusions

The better anxiolytic and hypoglycemic activities in the present study are due to the existence of various phytochemical constituents like saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins in this methanolic extract.
Conventions and Constitutive Norms
Authors: García-Carpintero Manuel
Published: October 2019

The paper addresses a popular argument that accounts of assertion in terms of constitutive norms are incompatible with conventionalism about assertion. The argument appeals to an alleged modal asymmetry: constitutive rules are essential to the acts they characterize, and therefore the obligations they impose necessarily apply to every instance; conventions are arbitrary, and thus can only contingently regulate the practices they establish. The paper argues that this line of reasoning fails to establish any modal asymmetry, by invoking the distinction between the non-discriminating existence across possible worlds of types (“blueprints”, as Rawls called them) of practices and institutions defined by constitutive rules, and the discriminating existence of those among them that are actuallyin force, and hence truly normative. The necessity of practices defined by constitutive rules that the argument relies on concerns the former, while conventionalist claims are only about the latter. The paper should thus contribute to get a better understanding of what social constructs conceived as defined by constitutive norms are. It concludes by suggesting considerations that are relevant to deciding whether assertion is in fact conventional.
Aqueous extract of Combretum molle boughs ameliorates hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia in sucrose-induced insulin resistant rats
Authors: Miaffo David , Ntchapda Fidele , Wansi Sylvie Lea , Kamani Poualeu Sylviane Laure , Kamanyi Albert
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Combretum molle R.B/G.Don (Combretaceae) is distributed especially in tropical Africa and used in treatment various diseases including diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract from C. molle boughs (CMAE) on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in insulin resistant rats. Methods: Animals were divided into 5 groups and treated for 30 days. Control group received distilled water, sucrose group received 30% sucrose, standard group received 30% sucrose plus metformin (40 mg/kg), and others groups received 30% sucrose plus CMAE (250 and 500 mg/kg). Body weight, food and water intake were evaluated each 10 days for 30 days. Glucose tolerance test was performed on the 30th day of the experiment. Later on, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected for the determination of the concentration of glucose, lipids and insulin. Results: The body weight and food intake of the rats receiving 500 mg/kg of extract decreased significantly on the 30th day of the experiment. CMAE caused a significant reduction of insulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to the sucrose lot. However, the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CMAE induced a significant decrease in postprandial glycaemia. Conclusion: CMAE improved postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in insulin resistant rats.Consequently, CMAE may be able to delay onset of insulin resistance, and reduce the risks and complications of type 2 diabetes.
Cookery and Copyright: A History of One Cookbook in Three Acts
Authors: Tippen Carrie Helms , Hakimi-Hood Heidi S. , Milian Amanda
Published: October 2019

This article examines the history and movements of one collection of recipes in three “acts” or iterations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Maria Eliza Ketelby Rundell's A New System of Domestic Cookery is published in London in 1806, and almost immediately, the book is pirated and printed in the United States. More than 100 years later, the same collection of recipes is reprinted by S. Thomas Bivins under the title The Southern Cookbook. The authors discuss the implications of the text's movements through the lens of book history and copyright law. Rundell sues her publisher, John Murray, for the right to control the publication of her recipes. Meanwhile, in the U.S., her book is continuously in print for decades, but Rundell receives no remuneration for it. Bivins, an African American merchant and principal of a training institute for black domestic workers, takes the recipes attributed to Rundell from the public domain for The Southern Cookbook. The authors conclude that this cookbook in three acts demonstrates how a history of the cookbook in general can challenge received understandings of authorship and textual ownership.
Marker-Trait Associations for Enhancing Agronomic Performance, Disease Resistance, and Grain Quality in Synthetic and Bread Wheat Accessions in Western Siberia
Authors: Bhatta Madhav , Shamanin Vladimir , Shepelev Sergey , Baenziger P Stephen , Pozherukova Violetta , Pototskaya Inna , Morgounov Alexey
Published: October 2019

Exploiting genetically diverse lines to identify genes for improving crop performance is needed to ensure global food security. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 46,268 SNP markers on a diverse panel of 143 hexaploid bread and synthetic wheat to identify potential genes/genomic regions controlling agronomic performance (yield and 26 yield-related traits), disease resistance, and grain quality traits. From phenotypic evaluation, we found large genetic variation among the 35 traits and recommended five lines having a high yield, better quality, and multiple disease resistance for direct use in a breeding program. From a GWAS, we identified a total of 243 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for 35 traits that explained up to 25% of the phenotypic variance. Of these, 120 MTAs have not been reported in the literature and are potentially novel MTAs. In silico gene annotation analysis identified 116 MTAs within genes and of which, 21 MTAs were annotated as a missense variant. Furthermore, we were able to identify 23 co-located multi-trait MTAs that were also phenotypically correlated to each other, showing the possibility of simultaneous improvement of these traits. Additionally, most of the co-located MTAs were within genes. We have provided genomic fingerprinting for significant markers with favorable and unfavorable alleles in the diverse set of lines for developing elite breeding lines from useful trait-integration. The results from this study provided a further understanding of genetically complex traits and would facilitate the use of diverse wheat accessions for improving multiple traits in an elite wheat breeding program.
The Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Testis Differentiation Reveals the Significance of the TGF-β Pathway in Reptilian Sex Determination
Authors: Zhou Yingjie , Sun Wei , Cai Han , Bao Haisheng , Zhang Yu , Qian Guoying , Ge Chutian
Published: October 2019

Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh, or Müllerian-inhibiting substance, Mis), a member of TGF-β superfamily, has been well documented in some vertebrates as initiator or key regulator in sexual development, and particularly in fish. However, its functional role has not yet been identified in reptiles. Here, we characterized the Amh gene in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis, a typical reptilian species exhibiting ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes. The messenger RNA of Amh was initially expressed in male embryonic gonads by stage 15, preceding gonadal sex differentiation, and exhibited a male-specific expression pattern throughout embryogenesis. Moreover, Amh was rapidly upregulated during female-to-male sex reversal induced by aromatase inhibitor letrozole. Most importantly, Amh loss of function by RNA interference led to complete feminization of genetic male (ZZ) gonads, suppression of the testicular marker Sox9, and upregulation of the ovarian regulator Cyp19a1. Conversely, overexpression of Amh in ZW embryos resulted in female-to-male sex reversal, characterized by the formation of a testis structure, ectopic activation of Sox9, and a remarkable decline in Cyp19a1. Collectively, these findings provide the first solid evidence that Amh is both necessary and sufficient to drive testicular development in a reptilian species, P. sinensis, highlighting the significance of the TGF-β pathway in reptilian sex determination.
An Empirical Study for the Estimation of Autoregressive Hilbertian Processes by Wavelet Packet Method
Authors: Laukaitis A.
Published: October 2019

In this paper wavelet packet bases are used for an estimation of the autoregressive Hilbertian processes operator. We assume that integral operator kernel can have some singular structures and estimate them by projecting functional processes on suitable bases. Linear methods for continuous-time prediction using Hilbert-valued autoregressive processes are compared with the suggested method on simulated data and on real-life data sets. Statistics of residual partial sums processes and Ex poste prediction are used to check the model.
Modelling of a One-Sex Age-Structured Population Dynamics with Child Care
Authors: Repšys Š. , Skakauskas V.
Published: October 2019

The Sharpe-Lotka-Mckendrick-von Foerster one-sex population model and Fredrickson-Hoppensteadt-Staroverov two-sex population one are well known in mathematical biology. But they do not describe dynamics of populations with child care. In recent years some models were proposed to describe dynamics of the wild population with child care. Some of them are based on the notion of the density of offsprings under maternal (or parental) care. However, such models do not ensure the fact that offsprings under maternal (or parental) care move together with their mothers (or both parents). In recent years to solve this problem, some models of a sex-age-structured population, based on the discrete set of newborns, were proposed and examined analytically. Numerical schemes for solving of a one-sex age-structured population model with and without spatial dispersal taking into account a discrete set of offsprings and child care are proposed and results are discussed in this paper. The model consists of partial integrodifferential equations subject to conditions of the integral type. Numerical experiments exhibit the stability of the separable solutions to these models.
Econometrical Modelling of Profit Tax Revenue
Authors: Rudzkis R. , Mačiulaitytė E.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this article is to present a forecast of budget revenue from the profit tax using econometric models. The set of applied models has to be reduced to very simple models due to short time series used. Therefore, the profit tax regression analysis is made in two stages. In the first stage, econometric modelling of profit tax revenue with the main profit indicators (called the profit tax base) is performed on the basis of information on profit tax regulation and its changes. In the second stage, algorithms of forecasting the profit tax base are formed when the main macroeconomic indicators of Lithuanian economy are used as regressors. Crossvalidation was applied to estimate the accuracy of these algorithms.
Numerical Simulation of Electrochemical Processes at a Tubular Electrode. Application to Spectroscopy
Authors: Klymenko O. V. V. , Kulys J.
Published: October 2019

A model of spectroelectrochemical cell design based on a tubular working electrode with optical fibers connected to a spectrometer entering it from two ends is built. Both current and absorbance responses of the cell are numerically simulated and the operation regimes are determined in terms of ranges of governing parameters for chronoamperometry and linear sweep voltammetry.
Network Numerical Simulation of Impulsively-Started Transient Radiation-Convection Heat and Mass Transfer in a Saturated Darcy-Forchheimer Porous Medium
Authors: Anwar Beg O. , Zueco J. , Takhar H. S. S. , Beg´ T. A. A.
Published: October 2019

We study the effects of thermal radiation and porous drag forces on the natural convection heat and mass transfer of a viscous, incompressible, gray, absorbingemmitting fluid flowing past an impulsively started moving vertical plate adjacent to a non-Darcian porous regime. The governing boundary-layer equations are formulated in an (X∗, Y∗, t∗) coordinate system with appropriate boundary conditions. The Rosseland diffusion approximation is employed to analyze the radiative heat flux and is appropriate for non-scattering media. The model is non-dimensionalized and solved with the network simulation model. We study the influence of Prandtl number, radiation-conduction parameter, thermal Grashof number, species Grashof number, Schmidt number, Darcy number and Forchheimer number on the dimensionless velocity, temperature and species function distributions. Additionally we compute the variation of the local skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number for selected thermophysical parameters. Increasing Darcy number is seen to accelerate the flow; the converse is apparent for an increase in Forchheimer number. Thermal radiation is seen to reduce both velocity and temperature in the boundary layer. The interactive effects of second order porous drag and thermal radiation are also considered. The model finds applications in solar energy collection systems, porous combustors, transport in fires in porous media (forest fires) and also the design of high temperature chemical process systems.
Genetic aspects of metabolic disorders in pregnant women with pathological weight gain
Authors: Ostafiichuk S. O.
Published: October 2019

Polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) has been shown to be linked to obesity-related metabolic markers and phenotype. Therefore, we hypothesized that the Gln233Arg LEPR polymorphism is related to metabolic changes in pregnancy and the risk of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). A total of 97 pregnant women with a singleton gestation were enrolled from April 2016 until December 2018. Genetic variants of LEPR were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, leptin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lipid profile, and carbohydrate status were assessed in the first, and third trimesters of pregnancy. The recommended GWG was diagnosed in 34.0%, insufficient in 19.6%, and excessive in 46.4% patients. Statistical analysis revealed that 20.6% patients were with AA genotype, 50.5% – AG genotype, and 28.9% – GG genotype. The frequency of GG-alleles carriers of the LEPR Gln233Arg gene in the group of excessive GWG patients was 3 times higher compared to recommended GWG patients. Thus, the inheritance of pathological G-homozygotes increases the risk of excessive weight gain by 7 times, compared to carriers of the AA genotype. LEPR GG polymorphism was significantly associated with high levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipoprotein low and very low density, and leptin compared to homozygous А-carriers in the third trimester of pregnancy. In pregnant women with GG polymorphism, the glucose level, insulin level, and HOMO-IR index were significantly increased compared to women with AA genotype in late pregnancy. In the group with excessive GWG, the presence of GG-alleles of the LEPR gene was accompanied by a higher level of hyperleptinemia, compared to carriers of AA-genotype. Inheritance of pathological G-homozygotes was associated with hyperlipidemia, leptin resistance with high leptin serum levels, and increased insulin resistance, which was especially manifested in excessive GWG. In our opinion, excessive GWG can be seen as a marker of the mother's genotype and genetic predisposition to the development of metabolic diseases after delivery.