bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaping of the Root Canal System: A Multistep Technique
Authors: Gallottini Livio
Published: September 2017

Aim

The aim of this scientific work is to illustrate the technique of shaping the root canal system using the multistep technique.

Background

Over time, various endodontic instrumentation techniques have been put forward, from the “step-back” technique (apical–coronal) to the “crown-down” technique (coronal–apical), the “double-flared” technique, and the most recent “single-length” technique.

Technique

The multistep technique involves six steps, one of the main objectives of these being the safety of the use of mechanical instruments with a reduction in the risk that they fracture. This technique (“mixed”) provides for the use of both manual instruments in stainless steel and mechanical instruments in nickel titanium (Ni-Ti).

Conclusion

The multistep technique is based on a standardized, flexible, and clinical protocol, which can provide for a reduction in the number of endodontic passages and instruments used and, therefore, a simplification of the operating procedure depending on both the difficulty of the root canals and the competence of the operator.

Clinical significance

This technique is a technique for shaping the endodontic space that allows the set objectives of endodontic therapy to be reached in a predictable way with a reduced risk of iatrogenic complications.

How to cite this article

Gallottini L. Shaping of the Root Canal System: A Multistep Technique. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):851-855.
Full Mouth Rehabilitation of Adult Rampant Caries with Pragmatic Approach
Authors: Padmanabha P Sindhu , Arul Patrick T , IB Geeta
Published: September 2017

Aim

The aim of this article is full mouth rehabilitation of adult rampant caries with a pragmatic approach.

Background

Dentistry has evolved from treating pain and oral diseases to improving esthetics and the overall look and appeal of an individual. Rampant caries are the nightmares of every individual, which are even more grossly accentuated in adults when compared with children. It can lead to emotional imbalance and the near death of a person's confidence. The prognosis of the treatment depends upon the age of the patient, extent of decay, cooperation of the patient, and the patient's motivation toward dental treatment. Herein, the pragmatic approach comes into play, by focusing on what is still left in the patient's arsenal. This simply means the esthetics of the patient's dentition has been improved from the original appearance, but may not be perceived as “dental perfection,” which can be accomplished through adhesive restorations.

Case report

A 38-year-old female patient reported to the department with rapid widespread decay in her upper and lower teeth for 2 years, after her second pregnancy and was mainly concerned with esthetics in her anterior dentition. The treatment included extraction of hopeless teeth irt #16, 26, 46, 15, 22 and root canal treatment reinforced with fiber post #11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 23, 31, 32, 33, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 followed by composite restorations to enhance the esthetics, and the missing teeth were replaced with removable partial dentures.

Conclusion

The esthetic result achieved may not conform to the highest dental perfection, but represents an effective way of protecting the teeth from further tooth structure loss, while effecting an improvement in patient-perceived esthetics. This is the concept of pragmatic esthetics.

Clinical significance

Composite resin restorations represent an effective way of enhancing the esthetics and conservation of the remaining sound tooth structure for rampant caries.

How to cite this article

Padmanabha PS, Arul PT, Geeta IB. Full Mouth Rehabilitation of Adult Rampant Caries with Pragmatic Approach. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(2):88-92.
Dental Education: Challenges and Changes
Authors: Sushanth V Hirekalmath , Imranulla Mohamed , Madhu Priyanka P
Published: September 2017

The aim of dental health education is to impart knowledge on the causes of oral diseases and providing the ways and possibilities of their prevention and adequate treatment. Health education would highlight the necessity of proper nutrition, maintenance of oral hygiene with the use of fluoride products, and other regimen as well as drive attention toward the significance of regular check-ups with a dentist. Public health dentistry in India has become the only key toward future dental workforce and strategies. There have been numerous challenges which exist for expanding oral health care in India, in which the biggest challenge is the need for dental health planners with relevant qualifications and training in public health dentistry. There is a serious lack of authentic and valid data for assessment of community demands, as well as the lack of an organized system for monitoring oral health care services to guide planners. Based on the aim for sustained development, human resource planning and utilization should be used along with a system of monitoring and evaluation. Hence, both demand and supply influence the ability of the dental workforce to adequately and efficiently provide dental care to an Indian population which is growing in size and diversity.

How to cite this article

Nair AR, Prashant GM, Kumar PGN, Sushanth VH, Imranulla M, Madhu PP. Dental Education: Challenges and Changes. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2017;11(2):34-37.
Using Technologies to Develop Skills and Autonomy in Foreign Language Teachers
Authors: Maugeri Giuseppe
Published: September 2017

This study focuses on the peculiarities that training courses mediated by technologies need to feature to positively affect the motivation and the building of metacognitive and didactic competences in teachers of foreign languages. What is especially highlighted is the fact that the advantages of these courses are closely related to the variables internal to the virtual environments that put the participants in control of their own learning process. With this in mind, two areas are taken into consideration, the constructive-interactional approach regarded as a model to design virtual learning environments on the one hand, and on the other the characteristics of e-learning tools and web-based tasks that help teachers acquire and refine metacognitive strategies, critical thinking and digital practices useful for their professional development.
Assessing Factors that Prevent Female Students from Studying Hotel Management: A Case Study of the University of Jordan (Aqaba Branch)
Authors: Jawabreh Omar Abdalla , Alaqrarah Bushra , Hrerat Hossam Al , Shaabatat Ismail Al , Jarah Qatada Al
Published: September 2017

The participation of women in the hospitality industry is crucial. This research is conducted to explore factors that prevent female students from studying hotel management as a major at the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality in the University of Jordan, located in Jordan. These factors include the financial aspects, cultural and social standpoints, religious perspective, and geographical reason. A total of 200 questionnaires containing 24 items was used to collect information from bachelor students at the University of Jordan-Aqaba. Results of the current study revealed that all the above barriers are applied to high levels in which the range of the mean score is 3.49-3.82. This study shall provide important feedback to decision-makers to encourage the female students further in studying hotel management degree specifically in Aqaba city.
Beyond Banks’ Capitalization: What Affects the Credit Lines?
Authors: Gallucci Carmen , Formisano Vincenzo , Modina Michele , Santulli Rosalia
Published: September 2017

The present paper aims at investigating what affects the credit granting beyond banks’capitalization. It focuses on public and private firms’ information available for the banks. We apply moderating regression models on panel data. Our sample is of 123 co-operative credit banks and more than 11,000 firms operating in Italy between 2012 and 2014, for 18,143 observations. Our main findings suggest that firms’ profitability (public information) positively moderates the direct relationship between banks’ capitalization and credit grants; differently, multiple banking, overdue payment and credit limit violation days (private information) negatively moderate the above-cited relationship. Finally, the conjoint moderating effect of public and private information proves to be negative, thus also firms with a good profitability are penalized in credit grant whether they do not take care the relationship with banks.
Mixed Ownership Structures and Firm Performance in China Listed Firms
Authors: Yang Xiaolou
Published: September 2017

China has achieved impressive economic growth since market reforms. The design of appropriate compensation structures is imperative so as to incentivize top managers, but little research has been done to examine the top management compensation structure in China. This study investigates how listed firms in China relate executive compensation to their firm performance and how such relationships are influenced by firm ownership structure. The results provide evidence showing strong link between compensation and performance varies across firms with different ownership structure. Private ownership enhances the link between firm performance and top CEOs compensation, while government ownership weakens executive pay-performance relation and thus makes the firms less effective in solving the agency problem between shareholders and management. It suggests enterprise reform in China will need to be supplemented by change in ownership structure in order to ensure fully success by transforming its State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) to corporations in the direction of converting state shares to public shares.
Financial Development and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Selected African Countries
Authors: Keho Yaya
Published: September 2017

This paper examines the relationship between financial development, economic growth and poverty reduction in nine African countries for the period 1970-2013. It uses the ARDL bounds testing approach. The results show evidence of long-run relationship among the variables in height countries with GDP and financial deepening having a positive effect on poverty reduction in five countries (Benin, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Gabon and South Africa), and poverty reduction having a positive effect on economic growth in three countries (Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal). The study also reveals bidirectional long-run causality between economic growth and poverty reduction in Cote d’Ivoire, Gabon and South Africa, and bidirectional long-run causality between finance and poverty reduction in Benin, Cameroon and South Africa. These findings suggest that policies aimed at increasing economic growth and improving access to credit would reduce poverty but also that measures of poverty reduction would lead to economic growth and financial deepening in these countries.
The effect of infant feeding planning education on nutrition and breastfeeding knowledge, mother’s attitude, and husband’s support to expectant mother
Authors: Wahyutri Endah , Jasmawati Ms , Dharma Kelana Kesuma , Ratnawati Ms
Published: September 2017

Background: The issue of malnutrition that leads to food security is not just a technical issue, but also a matter of individual habit to meet nutrients needed, including nutrients for fetus. The Government agrees to address the issue of food security in the first 1,000 days of life. This study aims at determining the influence of Infant Feeding Planning (Intention) Education on Nutrition and Breastfeeding Knowledge, Mother’s Attitude, and Husband’s Support to gravid Mother in Samarinda.Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental research design with pre and post control group. The sample size was 30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. The independent variable in this study was intention to breastfeed, while the dependent variables were breastfeeding and nutrition knowledge, mother’s attitude and husband’s support. The data were analyzed using paired t test, Wilcoxon test, ANOVA and MANOVA.Results: The study found the differences between intervention group and control group in nutrition knowledge, breastfeeding knowledge, and attitude. There was no difference between the groups in intention. The variables that influenced knowledge were education and employment. The variables influenced by the intention to breastfeed were breastfeeding knowledge, nutrition knowledge, and attitude. Intention had the greatest impact on the attitude, with the power observed at 0.689 which means that the intention affected the attitude of breastfeeding by 68.9%.Conclusions: Infant feeding planning education influences breastfeeding and nutrition knowledge as well as breastfeeding attitude.
Diversity and genetic structure of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), a fruit species from Cerrado
Authors: Soares Fabiano Silva , Rossi Ana Aparecida Bandini , Silva Bruna Mezzalira da , Cochev Jakeline Santos , Paiva Sobrinho Severino De , Luz Petterson Baptista da
Published: September 2017

Hancornia speciosa Gomes, popularly known as mangabeira, is a fruit tree belonging to the Apocynaceae family, native to the Brazilian Cerrado. The fruit is widely used by the local population as an alternative source of income. Limited information is available about this species, which increases the difficulty of conserving its genetic resources and exploiting mangabeira as an economic resource. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of H. speciosa from Chapada dos Guimarães. Twenty-four trees and ten inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers were evaluated. Of the 57 bands obtained, 33 (57.89%) presented polymorphism. The analysis using Structure defined two different clusters (K = 2), which were consistent with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis. The number of observed alleles (Na = 1.58), number of effective alleles (Ne = 1.29), Nei’s genetic distance (He = 0.18) and Shannon index (I = 0.27) were considered low among the population. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variability within the cluster (83.39%) was higher than among clusters (16.61%). ISSR primers proved effective for detection of genetic polymorphism in H. speciosa, and could be utilized for strategies that aim at conservation, plant breeding programs, and commercial use.
Anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766) from an agricultural landscape in Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Pacheco Filipe Corrêa , Moraes Filho Jonas , Rocha Vlamir José , Sampieri Bruno Rodrigues , Zaniolo Melissa Marchi , Pachaly José Ricardo , Otutumi Luciana Kazue , Vidotto Odilon , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Gonçalves Daniela Dib
Published: September 2017

Spotted fever is a typically endemic infectious disease caused by rickettsiae from the spotted fever group, of which Rickettsia rickettsii is the main etiologic agent. It presents high mortality rates in Brazil, with transmission to humans or animals through the bite of infected ticks. The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is an important reservoir for Rickettsia spp.; these bacteria can circulate in an infected animal presenting only fever as a clinical sign of the disease, as demonstrated by experimental infection. Considering the high zoonotic potential and the damage caused to human, animal, and environmental health, this study searched for anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras from an agricultural landscape in the city of Araras, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) technique was used to detect anti-R. rickettsii antibodies. From the 28 serum samples tested using IFA, 18 (64.28%) were considered reactive, with antibody titers ranging from 256 to 2048. Seven (38.88%) samples presented titers of 256, three (16.67%) with titers of 512, five (27.78%) with titers of 1024, and three (16.67%) with titers of 2048. However, it was not possible to significantly associate gender to these serologic results. These results demonstrate that at some point during their lives, the studied capybaras were exposed to the etiologic agent, but it is impossible to know when this occurred. Further studies need to be performed to clarify which serological titers ensure an infection in capybaras, based on clinical and laboratory assessment of rickettsemia, and to establish the relationship between titers and the chronicity of disease. This is necessary owing to the possibility of cross-reactions with other rickettsiae species of the same subgroup, leading to the need for molecular tests to confirm diagnosis.
A Comparative Study to the Semantics of Ontology Chain-Based Data Access Control versus Conventional Methods in Healthcare Applications
Authors: Omran Esraa , Nelson David , M. Roumani Ali
Published: September 2017

The necessity of having intelligent methodology to access databases in networks has become more apparent in the age of distributed networks. Using semantics and ontologies can be highly helpful in developing such methodologies, as they provide the required classifications and mined information. The necessities that are required by the database administrator to build durable, reliable, and flexible data access methodology have been highly appreciated. This study that compares between the proposed system and conventional methods, for example Role Based Access Control (RBAC) and classical chain-based methods. The comparison is done using applications in the healthcare sector. This study is based on real surveys that have been conducted in an active hospital in the State of Kuwait.
Artificial Cultivation System for Gastrodia spp. and Identification of Associated Mycorrhizal Fungi
Authors: Shimaoka Chie , Fukunaga Hirokazu , Inagaki Seishu , Sawa Shinichiro
Published: September 2017

The Orchidaceae are the largest and most diverse family of flowering plants on earth, and include some of the most important horticultural plants. While mycoheterotrophic orchids belonging to the genus Gastrodia are known to be provided with carbon through mycorrhizal fungi, the relationship between the plants and fungi is poorly understood. Furthermore, it is challenging to cultivate Gastrodia spp. in vitro. In this study, we present an efficient method for germinating Gastrodia pubilabiata (Gp), Gastrodia nipponica (Gn), and Gastrodia confusa (Gc) plants in vitro, which results in the production of a protocorm and tuber, as under natural conditions. The Gp and Gc plants produced flowers 126 and 124 days after germination, respectively, and set seed under our artificial conditions. In addition, Gp plants flowered up to three times a year from a single tuber. Using our artificial cultivation system, we identified some of the mycorrhizal fungi associated with these plants. Gastrodia spp. appear to obtain carbon from many kinds of mycorrhizal fungi. Our artificial cultivation method is a rapid and efficient means of growing Gastrodia spp. In addition to having applications in research and commercial nurseries, this method could be used to conserve Gastrodia spp. in ex situ, many of which are endangered.
Perceptual Training Effects on the Acquisition of English Stress by Brazilian Learners
Authors: Brawerman-Albini Andressa , Kluge Denise Cristina , Silva Adelaide H. P. , Albini Luiz Carlos P.
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the effects of perceptual training on Brazilian English language learners’ ability to acquire preantepenultimate stress, or stress on the fourth to last syllable. Since preantepenultimate stress assignment is infrequent in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), it was initially hypothesized that BP speakers would store few examples of this pattern. The training was performed in five sessions and included stress identification tasks followed by immediate feedback. Results confirm the training significantly improved study participants’ perception and production of preantepenultimate syllable stress assignment. Furthermore, participants generalized acquired production patterns to unfamiliar words and retained these patterns for two months after training concluded. With frequent perceptual training, it is believed BP speakers could create a new category of English words with preantepenultimate syllable stress. This study demonstrates that perception training, typically used for the perception or the production of sounds, can also be used to improve the production of L2 stress assignment with very positive results.
On the Term “Entrepreneur” and the Conceptualization of Entrepreneurship in the Literature of Classical Economics
Authors: Jonsson Petur O.
Published: September 2017

Some of the literature on entrepreneurship suggests that the term entrepreneur was first introduced by either Cantillon or Say during the industrial revolution in the 18th and early 19th centuries. This article, by contrast, shows the term and the concept to be far older. Moreover, before the introduction of the term entrepreneur into English, the literature had a variety of other, and in some respect more nuanced, terms for entrepreneurs. Moreover, the article suggests that present-day scholars tend to misread both the pre-classical and the classical economists on the role of entrepreneurial initiative and creativity in the economy and that this has affected the conceptualization of the term in the current literature. In particular, Say’s classical presentation of the entrepreneurial process was, in essence, dialectical and thus his ideas on entrepreneurship cannot be presented properly in the context of the modern-day equilibrium based models of today’s economics.
Speech Production of Trilingual Children: A Study on Their Transfers in Terms of Content and Function Words and the Effect of Their L1
Authors: Anastassiou Fotini , Andreou Georgia
Published: September 2017

The present study investigated the speech production of trilingual children whose L1 was either Greek or Albanian and their L3 was English. Since this specific combination of languages has not been widely studied in current literature this study can contribute to our knowledge and the teaching of these children. Moreover, research into transfers from content and function words could help us comprehend the different roles word classes have in trilingual speakers since Paradis (2009) has suggested that the tendency to transfer function words from L2, rather than from L1, into L3 supports the idea that content words and function words have the same status in an L2 but not in L1. Also, although content words are often transferred from both L1 and L2 into L3, studies have indicated that function words are mainly transferred from the L2 and not from the L1 (Ringbom, 1987; Sjögren, 2000; Stedje, 1977). The aim of this study was to find out the source language of our participants’ transfers, whether there would be any influence of our speakers’ L1 or L2 on Content and Function words, as well as whether cross-linguistic influence had any effect on Content and Function words, following Cenoz (2001).The participants of our study were asked to narrate a picture story in their third language and the main source of their transfers was surveyed. Also, the ratio of Content to Function words and the effect of the children’s L1 was investigated since former research showed function words are mainly transferred from the L2 and not from the L1. The results of this study showed that the main source of transfer was Greek (whether as an L1 or an L2) and that the children’s transfers were mainly from content words. Finally, the ratio of Greek content/ function words was found to be greater for those children whose L1 is Greek compared to the children whose L1 is Albanian.
Free Indirect Thought in Stream-of-Consciousness Fiction: A Textural Cohesive Perspective
Authors: Guo Hua
Published: September 2017

Free indirect thought (FIT) is an important linguistic device to portray characters in stream-of-consciousness fiction. Most studies are concerned with its linguistic manifestations that align the text with the character’s point of view, and not much attention is given to the implicit coherence underlying FIT’s seemingly disconnected and disorganized structures. Using cohesion theory (Halliday & Hasan, 1985), this article analyzes FIT extracts of the two major characters in Mrs. Dalloway. The analysis is conducted to examine the non-structural cohesive devices and the cohesive chains these devices form and explore their unique contribution to the depiction of characters’ thought processes and distinctive personalities.
On Middle Construction in Japanese
Authors: Li Wenchao
Published: September 2017

This study uncovers Japanese middle constructions based on the approach of “distributed morphology”. The findings reveal that adjunct is obligatory in Japanese middles. Two types of grammatical elements contribute to the adjunct: suffix and adverbs. The suffix yasui corresponds to English “able”. The case of the subject must be nominative, i.e., が. Once verbs are attached by the suffix yasui, their part of speech transits from verb into adjective. The new lexicon predicates an inherent property of the subject. Regarding middles with adjuncts rendered by adverbs, two subtypes are confirmed: the na-adjective formed adverb 簡単に kantan ni, and the i-adjective formed adverb よく yoku. The former is produced by the na-adjective 簡単 with the copular に. The latter is formed by the i-adjective よい with the predicate く ku. The mechanisms of the constructions rendered by the two are similar. Furthermore, unlike English middles, where non change-of-state verbs are ruled out, there is no distinct lexical category of middle verb Japanese. Rather, six groups of verbs are compatible: (a) motion verbs; (b) change-of-state verbs; (c) action verbs; (d) perception verbs; (e) stative verbs; and (f) accomplishment verbs. Crucially, such generosity does not result from the adjuncts. It is the “potential form” of verbs that enables psychological and perception verbs to be licensed in Japanese middles.
Can Variances of Latent Variables be Scaled in Such a Way That They Correspond to Eigenvalues?
Authors: Schweizer Karl , Troche Stefan , Reiß Siegbert
Published: September 2017

The paper reports an investigation of whether sums of squared factor loadings obtained in confirmatory factor analysis correspond to eigenvalues of exploratory factor analysis. The sum of squared factor loadings reflects the variance of the corresponding latent variable if the variance parameter of the confirmatory factor model is set equal to one. Hence, the computation of the sum implies a specific type of scaling of the variance. While the investigation of the theoretical foundations suggested the expected correspondence between sums of squared factor loadings and eigenvalues, the necessity of procedural specifications in the application, as for example the estimation method, revealed external influences on the outcome. A simulation study was conducted that demonstrated the possibility of exact correspondence if the same estimation method was applied. However, in the majority of realized specifications the estimates showed similar sizes but no correspondence.
De nieuwe rol van de curator in de fraudebestrijding: knelpunt in de aanloop naar een eventueel strafproces?
Authors: Moerman E.M.
Published: September 2017

De nieuwe rol van de curator in de fraudebestrijding: knelpunt in de aanloop naar een eventueel strafproces?

In dit artikel wordt onderzocht welke consequenties de nieuwe rol van de curator bij de aanpak van de fraudebestrijding heeft voor een eventueel strafproces. Daarbij wordt in het bijzonder stilgestaan bij de verhouding tussen de door de wetgever beoogde rol van de curator en de invulling die traditioneel wordt gegeven aan de taak van de curator. Ook wordt aandacht besteed aan de bruikbaarheid van het door de curator vergaarde materiaal in een strafprocedure. Betoogd wordt dat de fraudesignalerende rol van de curator past in de ontwikkeling waarin steeds vaker een bijdrage van private actoren wordt gevraagd, maar dat het nemo-teneturbeginsel onder druk komt te staan door de nieuwe wetgeving.
Vervolging van ondernemingen voor schendingen van de mensenrechten: mogelijkheden naar Nederlands strafrecht
Authors: van Gelder E.M. , Ryngaert C.M.J.
Published: September 2017

Vervolging van ondernemingen voor schendingen van de mensenrechten: mogelijkheden naar Nederlands strafrecht

In toenemende mate lijken internationaal opererende ondernemingen betrokken te zijn bij mensenrechtenschendingen. Wanneer een onderneming zich schuldig maakt aan, of althans een aandeel heeft in mensenrechtenschendingen begaan in het buitenland, biedt de Nederlandse strafwet, met inbegrip van de rechtsmachtsbepalingen, verschillende mogelijkheden tot vervolging. In de praktijk heeft dit echter tot op heden niet geleid tot daadwerkelijke vervolging, laat staan tot een onherroepelijke veroordeling van een onderneming. Dit artikel zet de mogelijkheden uiteen voor vervolging naar Nederlands strafrecht.
Randvoorwaardenkorting: ceci n'est pas une punition?
Authors: van der Vegte J.
Published: September 2017

Randvoorwaardenkorting: ceci n'est pas une punition?

Staat de toepassing van een ministeriële randvoorwaardenkorting een strafvervolging voor dezelfde feiten in de weg? Deze vraag is door verschillende gerechten in Nederland beantwoord, waarbij de ene keer tot de niet-ontvankelijkheid van het Openbaar Ministerie wordt geconcludeerd en de andere keer niet. Hoe kan het dat de gerechten hier verschillend over oordelen? In dit artikel wordt deze vraag beantwoord. Daarbij wordt met name aandacht geschonken aan de beoordelingscriteria ten aanzien van de vraag of de randvoorwaardenkorting als strafrechtelijk dient te worden aangemerkt, de wijze waarop de criteria in de verschillende uitspraken zijn gewogen en wat daarbij opvalt.
De verbeurdverklaring als ontnemingsinstrument
Authors: Boezelman G.M. , Coenen M.
Published: September 2017

De verbeurdverklaring als ontnemingsinstrument

De verbeurdverklaring wint terrein op het gebied van afpakken, ook in financiële fraudezaken. Doordat zowel de verbeurdverklaring als de ontnemingsmaatregel worden ingezet voor het ‘afpakken’ van crimineel vermogen, vervagen de karakters van de verbeurdverklaring en de ontneming. Het dubbel raken van de betrokkene dient gelet op de proportionaliteit van de bestraffing te worden voorkomen. Deze bijdrage bespreekt de implicaties hiervan en de mogelijkheden om verweer te voeren.
Fraude & asset recovery: een routekaart voor het terughalen van vermogensbestanddelen langs civielrechtelijke weg
Authors: van der Plas C.G. , van Tilburg C.L.
Published: September 2017

Fraude & asset recovery: een routekaart voor het terughalen van vermogensbestanddelen langs civielrechtelijke weg

In dit artikel over fraude & asset recovery wordt stapsgewijs aan de hand van een casus uiteengezet hoe via civielrechtelijke weg kan worden achterhaald waar weggesluisde vermogensbestanddelen zijn gebleven en hoe deze kunnen worden teruggehaald. Daarbij wordt niet alleen aandacht besteed aan de mogelijkheden die het Nederlandse recht daarvoor biedt, maar passeren ook enkele discovery tools uit common law jurisdicties de revue.
Ontneming van wederrechtelijk voordeel in geval van witwassen; gebreken in de motivering van de schatting van het wederrechtelijk verkregen voordeel
Authors: Groenendijk T.
Published: September 2017

Ontneming van wederrechtelijk voordeel in geval van witwassen; gebreken in de motivering van de schatting van het wederrechtelijk verkregen voordeel.

De rechter oordeelt ogenschijnlijk snel dat voorwerpen waarvan is bewezenverklaard dat zij zijn witgewassen wederrechtelijk voordeel zijn en miskent hierdoor het reparatoire karakter van de ontnemingsmaatregel, namelijk dat alleen de criminele verdiensten mogen worden afgepakt. De rechter moet de schatting van het WVV voldoende motiveren en onderzoek doen naar het daadwerkelijke WVV van betrokkene.

De verbeurdverklaring is een mogelijk alternatief voor de ontnemingsprocedure in geval van witwassen: voorwerpen kunnen worden afgepakt zonder dat het bezit ervan ten laste wordt gelegd, zonder dat de verdachte het nog bezit of in een situatie waarin een verdachte het bij een ander heeft veiliggesteld.
Afscheid van de ‘godfather’ van de witteboordencriminologie
Authors: Huisman W.
Published: September 2017

Afscheid van de ‘godfather’ van de witteboordencriminologie

In deze trending topics wordt de bijdrage van vertrekkend hoogleraar Henk van de Bunt aan het criminologisch onderzoek op het terrein van het financieel-economisch strafrecht besproken.
De sanctiebevoegdheid van de burgemeester in artikel 13b Opiumwet
Authors: van der Vorm B.
Published: September 2017

De sanctiebevoegdheid van de burgemeester in artikel 13b Opiumwet

Op grond van artikel 13b Opiumwet kan de burgemeester een woning sluiten ter bestrijding van strafbare feiten uit de Opiumwet. De woningsluiting kan niet worden aangemerkt als een bestraffende sanctie.
De stand van de stelselherziening: de regelgeving weer een stap verder
Authors: Palm-van Heest C.D. (Lidia) , van der Vliet M.W. (Marije)
Published: September 2017

De stand van de stelselherziening: de regelgeving weer een stap verder

In deze bijdrage wordt de stand van zaken van de stelselherziening van het omgevingsrecht gegeven tot het zomerreces 2017.
De wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen is met zomerreces: van de baan of een nieuwe weg?
Authors: Outhuijse A. (Annalies)
Published: September 2017

De wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen is met zomerreces: van de baan of een nieuwe weg?

In deze bijdrage bespreekt de auteur het wetsvoorstel ‘Wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen’, zoals dit is behandeld in de Eerste Kamer voor het zomerreces van 2017.
Het juridische instrumentarium voor actief waterbeheer
Authors: Augustinus L.C.E. (Lizzy) , Handgraaf S. (Simon)
Published: September 2017

Het juridische instrumentarium voor actief waterbeheer

In dit artikel staat het juridische instrumentarium voor actief waterbeheer centraal. Onder actief beheer worden de concrete maatregelen van de waterbeheerder verstaan om de doelen van de Wtw voor de watersystemen in zijn beheer te realiseren. Actief beheer wordt onderscheiden van passief beheer: de planvorming, het stellen van regels, vergunningverlening en handhaving. De juridische instrumenten voor het actieve beheer zijn de legger, het peilbesluit, het projectplan en gedoogplichten. In dit artikel worden deze instrumenten achtereenvolgens behandeld.
Projectbesluitvorming voor natte waterstaatswerken op grond van de Waterwet en de Omgevingswet
Authors: Groothuijse F.A.G. (Frank)
Published: September 2017

Projectbesluitvorming voor natte waterstaatswerken op grond van de Waterwet en de Omgevingswet

In dit artikel beschrijft de auteur de verschillende besluiten die noodzakelijk zijn voor de aanleg of wijziging van waterstaatswerken door de beheerder. Op basis van de jurisprudentie wordt besproken hoe deze besluiten zich tot elkaar verhouden en op welke wijze de rechtsbescherming is geregeld.
Beheersen en bestrijden – het voorzorgsbeginsel en informatieplichten bij de onzekere risico’s van Q-koorts
Authors: Timmer M.J.W. (Matthijs) , van Triet N. (Nikky)
Published: September 2017

Beheersen en bestrijden – het voorzorgsbeginsel en informatieplichten bij de onzekere risico’s van Q-koorts

In dit artikel gaan de auteurs in op de rol die het voorzorgsbeginsel speelt in de uitspraak van de Rechtbank Den Haag over de aansprakelijkheid van de Staat vanwege de Q-koortsepidemie.
Rodadas de licitação da ANP: aspectos históricos com foco nas variáveis de julgamento licitatório
Authors: Alves Enock Fernandes , Andrade Bianca Silveira de
Published: September 2017

As rodadas de licitação da Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP) vêm ocorrendo no Brasil, desde a quebra do monopólio da Petrobras, através da Lei 9.478 de 1997. Desde então, foi criada a ANP e o Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas Energéticas (CNPE) com o intuito, dentre outros, de promover a livre concorrência, atrair investimentos na produção de energia e ampliar a competitividade do País no mercado internacional. A partir disso, inúmeras empresas foram criadas e outras estrangeiras passaram a fazer parte do hall de investidores e de exploradores em todo território nacional. Por vezes, o entendimento do processo de licitação é incipiente por muitos profissionais técnicos da indústria de E&P, deixando parte das decisões e envolvimento desse processo para gestores que, por sua vez, podem ignorar aspectos técnicos fundamentais no momento da oferta para obtenção dos blocos. Almeja-se, através desse trabalho, descrever de forma sucinta e objetiva as variáveis de julgamento licitatório, ou seja, Bônus de Assinatura (BA), Programa Exploratório Mínimo (PEM) e Conteúdo Local (CL), e o como o técnico pode influenciar no momento que antecede a rodada de licitação.
Interactivity features of Online Newspapers: from a facsimile model to a multimedia model one. Interactivity in online journals.
Authors: Baños-Moreno María-José , Pastor-Sánchez Juan-Antonio , Martínez-Béjar Rodrigo
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this article is to know the current interactivity options in online newspapers. To do this, we analyze the concept of (structural) interactivity and establish a measuring tool based on some previous methodologies. This model includes a classification of newspapers into stages of development. In this way, we provide a tool, which allows media firms to know the degree of interactivity in newspapers, assessing what dimensions and parameters are being incorporated. It was applied to a sample of 21 online newspapers. Results show poor implementation of participation and customization options. There is a niche to be covered by sections of user-generated content and closer collaboration journalists-citizens. It will require a real adaptation to the new possibilities of interaction with readers at different levels of involvement and participation. The majority of newspapers are classified in a digital stage and some of them are close to the multimedia phase.
Method for Measuring the Phase Spectrum of the Output of a Frequency Source Used in the Calibration of an Electroshock Weapon Characterization System
Authors: Paulter Nicholas G.
Published: September 2017

Electroshock weapons (ESWs) output a transient burst of impulse-like high-voltage electrical signals that can incapacitate a human target. To ensure safe and effective operation of ESW, their outputs must be accurately measured. Accordingly, the systems used to measure the output of an ESW must be accurately characterized, and their response functions must be known for subsequent processing of the ESW output waveforms (current and high voltage). The long epochs (> 5 s) and high-bandwidth frequency content (> 200 MHz) of the ESW output require unique measurement instrumentation and calibration tools. A frequency-domain swept-frequency method is proposed here for the calibration of the phase response of an ESW measurement system. This method, although motivated by the ESW measurement application, is also applicable to other systems.
Lineage tracing of genome-edited alleles reveals high fidelity axolotl limb regeneration
Authors: Flowers Grant Parker , Sanor Lucas D , Crews Craig M
Published: September 2017

Salamanders are unparalleled among tetrapods in their ability to regenerate many structures, including entire limbs, and the study of this ability may provide insights into human regenerative therapies. The complex structure of the limb poses challenges to the investigation of the cellular and molecular basis of its regeneration. Using CRISPR/Cas, we genetically labelled unique cell lineages within the developing axolotl embryo and tracked the frequency of each lineage within amputated and fully regenerated limbs. This allowed us, for the first time, to assess the contributions of multiple low frequency cell lineages to the regenerating limb at once. Our comparisons reveal that regenerated limbs are high fidelity replicas of the originals even after repeated amputations.
Cyclic bouts of extreme bradycardia counteract the high metabolism of frugivorous bats
Authors: O'Mara M Teague , Wikelski Martin , Voigt Christian C , Ter Maat Andries , Pollock Henry S , Burness Gary , Desantis Lanna M , Dechmann Dina KN
Published: September 2017

Active flight requires the ability to efficiently fuel bursts of costly locomotion while maximizing energy conservation during non-flying times. We took a multi-faceted approach to estimate how fruit-eating bats (Uroderma bilobatum) manage a high-energy lifestyle fueled primarily by fig juice. Miniaturized heart rate telemetry shows that they use a novel, cyclic, bradycardic state that reduces daily energetic expenditure by 10% and counteracts heart rates as high as 900 bpm during flight. Uroderma bilobatum support flight with some of the fastest metabolic incorporation rates and dynamic circulating cortisol in vertebrates. These bats will exchange fat reserves within 24 hr, meaning that they must survive on the food of the day and are at daily risk of starvation. Energetic flexibly in U. bilobatum highlights the fundamental role of ecological pressures on integrative energetic networks and the still poorly understood energetic strategies of animals in the tropics.
Loss of foxo rescues stem cell aging in Drosophila germ line
Authors: Artoni Filippo , Kreipke Rebecca E , Palmeira Ondina , Dixon Connor , Goldberg Zachary , Ruohola-Baker Hannele
Published: September 2017

Aging stem cells lose the capacity to properly respond to injury and regenerate their residing tissues. Here, we utilized the ability of Drosophila melanogaster germline stem cells (GSCs) to survive exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) as a model of adult stem cell injury and identified a regeneration defect in aging GSCs: while aging GSCs survive exposure to IR, they fail to reenter the cell cycle and regenerate the germline in a timely manner. Mechanistically, we identify foxo and mTOR homologue, Tor as important regulators of GSC quiescence following exposure to ionizing radiation. foxo is required for entry in quiescence, while Tor is essential for cell cycle reentry. Importantly, we further show that the lack of regeneration in aging germ line stem cells after IR can be rescued by loss of foxo.
Learning induces the translin/trax RNase complex to express activin receptors for persistent memory
Authors: Park Alan Jung , Havekes Robbert , Fu Xiuping , Hansen Rolf , Tudor Jennifer C , Peixoto Lucia , Li Zhi , Wu Yen-Ching , Poplawski Shane G , Baraban Jay M , Abel Ted
Published: September 2017

Long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity and memory require de novo protein synthesis. Yet, how learning triggers this process to form memory is unclear. Translin/trax is a candidate to drive this learning-induced memory mechanism by suppressing microRNA-mediated translational silencing at activated synapses. We find that mice lacking translin/trax display defects in synaptic tagging, which requires protein synthesis at activated synapses, and long-term memory. Hippocampal samples harvested from these mice following learning show increases in several disease-related microRNAs targeting the activin A receptor type 1C (ACVR1C), a component of the transforming growth factor-β receptor superfamily. Furthermore, the absence of translin/trax abolishes synaptic upregulation of ACVR1C protein after learning. Finally, synaptic tagging and long-term memory deficits in mice lacking translin/trax are mimicked by ACVR1C inhibition. Thus, we define a new memory mechanism by which learning reverses microRNA-mediated silencing of the novel plasticity protein ACVR1C via translin/trax.
Lipids and ions traverse the membrane by the same physical pathway in the nhTMEM16 scramblase
Authors: Jiang Tao , Yu Kuai , Hartzell H Criss , Tajkhorshid Emad
Published: September 2017

From bacteria to mammals, different phospholipid species are segregated between the inner and outer leaflets of the plasma membrane by ATP-dependent lipid transporters. Disruption of this asymmetry by ATP-independent phospholipid scrambling is important in cellular signaling, but its mechanism remains incompletely understood. Using MD simulations coupled with experimental assays, we show that the surface hydrophilic transmembrane cavity exposed to the lipid bilayer on the fungal scramblase nhTMEM16 serves as the pathway for both lipid translocation and ion conduction across the membrane. Ca2+ binding stimulates its open conformation by altering the structure of transmembrane helices that line the cavity. We have identified key amino acids necessary for phospholipid scrambling and validated the idea that ions permeate TMEM16 Cl- channels via a structurally homologous pathway by showing that mutation of two residues in the pore region of the TMEM16A Ca2+-activated Cl- channel convert it into a robust scramblase.
Computational design of environmental sensors for the potent opioid fentanyl
Authors: Bick Matthew J , Greisen Per J , Morey Kevin J , Antunes Mauricio S , La David , Sankaran Banumathi , Reymond Luc , Johnsson Kai , Medford June I , Baker David
Published: September 2017

We describe the computational design of proteins that bind the potent analgesic fentanyl. Our approach employs a fast docking algorithm to find shape complementary ligand placement in protein scaffolds, followed by design of the surrounding residues to optimize binding affinity. Co-crystal structures of the highest affinity binder reveal a highly preorganized binding site, and an overall architecture and ligand placement in close agreement with the design model. We use the designs to generate plant sensors for fentanyl by coupling ligand binding to design stability. The method should be generally useful for detecting toxic hydrophobic compounds in the environment.
Direct modulation of aberrant brain network connectivity through real-time NeuroFeedback
Authors: Ramot Michal , Kimmich Sara , Gonzalez-Castillo Javier , Roopchansingh Vinai , Popal Haroon , White Emily , Gotts Stephen J , Martin Alex
Published: September 2017

The existence of abnormal connectivity patterns between resting state networks in neuropsychiatric disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), has been well established. Traditional treatment methods in ASD are limited, and do not address the aberrant network structure. Using real-time fMRI neurofeedback, we directly trained three brain nodes in participants with ASD, in which the aberrant connectivity has been shown to correlate with symptom severity. Desired network connectivity patterns were reinforced in real-time, without participants’ awareness of the training taking place. This training regimen produced large, significant long-term changes in correlations at the network level, and whole brain analysis revealed that the greatest changes were focused on the areas being trained. These changes were not found in the control group. Moreover, changes in ASD resting state connectivity following the training were correlated to changes in behavior, suggesting that neurofeedback can be used to directly alter complex, clinically relevant network connectivity patterns.