bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Government Policy Accountability On Implementation Of Cash Direct Assistance Program For Communities Affected By Covid-19 (Case Study in Ende Regency)
Authors: Iam Ri'a Nur , Patuh Priyadi Maswar , Mildawati Titik
Published: August 2022

This study aims to find out how to apply direct cash assistance, the principle of accountability of government policies, as well as effective and efficient strategies in implementing cash transfers for communities affected by Covid-19 in villages in Ende Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The informants who were used as resource persons in this study consisted of the Head of the PMD Service, the Head of the Village Government Division, the Village Government Sector Staff, and the people who received and did not receive assistance. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique starts from data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study revealed that the distribution of BLT was carried out from April to December 2020 in nine distributions with a total fund of Rp. 3,600,000/KPM. Accountability of government policies starting from the planning stage to the accountability stage is in accordance with regulations and can be accounted for even though in the planning and implementation stages there are time delays. Effective and efficient strategies in the implementation of BLT consist of regulations, individual tasks, programs, ideal goals that have been implemented quite well although there are still shortcomings in their implementation.
Whose Islam? The Western University and Modern Islamic Thought in Indonesia
Authors: Jalaluddin Mufti Labib
Published: August 2022

Megan Brankley Abbas, Whose Islam? The Western University and Modern Islamic Thought in Indonesia, USA: Stanford University Press, 2021. For centuries, Islamic schools or madrasa have been the primary source of Muslim religious authority, with Indonesia no exception in this regard. For generations, Indonesia’s foremost Muslim leaders have received their Islamic education from Middle Eastern madrasas. In her book Whose Islam?, Megan Brankley Abbas challenges the notion of Middle Eastern centrality in Islamic education by arguing that Western universities has emerged as significant sites for the production of Islamic knowledge and Muslim religious authority in the last century. In her research, Abbas examines the far-reaching repercussions of this change for Muslim communities across the globe and for the future of Islamic studies as an academic discipline.
Islamic Feminist Interpretation: A Reformulation of the Universal-Particular Binary
Authors: Afifi Mahmoud Ali Gomaa
Published: August 2022

This article examines the trend of Islamic Feminist interpretation by analysing the thought of two leading Muslim feminists i.e. Amina Wadud and Asma Barlas. The selection of Wadud and Barlas is based on the fact that their works articulate a full-blown theory of Islamic feminist hermeneutics, with bearings on theology, philosophy, experience, and more importantly, language. Additionally, both feminists have produced significant revisions of their earlier works on Qur'ānic hermeneutics. Their revisions feature evolutions of their earlier ideas, as well as responses to critiques of their feminist readings of the Qur'ān. This article explores Wadud's and Barlas's reformulation of the hermeneutic binary of 'the universal and the particular' and the extent to which this binary is part of the formation of the two authors' hermeneutics. In this regard, the article aims to investigate their intellectual efforts in developing a hermeneutic theory centered on the Qur’an as God’s speech. By studying the universal-particular binary in the works of both authors, this article argues that Wadud's and Barlas's ambivalent position on the sacredness of the Qur’ān has inhibited their hermeneutic enterprise from developing a sensitive approach to mainstream Muslim belief regarding the Qur’ān as God’s unchanging word, hence carrying the stigma of an un-authoritative discourse among lay Muslims.
The Network of Islamic Radicalism: Proposing a Mapping Model
Authors: Mutaqin Zezen Zaenal
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with both a theoretical and practical aspect of mapping of the global radical Muslim groups. It will propose a typology of global Muslim radical groups that will be used to formulate a unified pattern and frame to be integrated into a practical and institutional strategy. While the primary purpose is to create a typology and mapping of actors and its activism, this paper also attempts to answer a more profound question related to the cause of divergence, split, and conflict within the global radical networks. The article will show that the global Islamic radical network is deeply rooted in a local context. Almost all global radical organizations thrived in a failed state where state controls and authorities were absent, and its fabric of society was broken by ongoing ethnic and sectarian conflicts, socio-economic crisis, as well as foreign interventions. Borrowing the social movement theory, this paper elaborates Islamic radicalism movement in a broader picture of Islamic activism where its scope covers both peaceful and violence activism. By taking cases from Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, this paper not only proposes the analysis on the dynamics of Islamic radicalism in a broader landscape but also highlights the matter in a comparative perspective.
Decentering Islamic Studies
Authors: Hasan Noorhaidi
Published: August 2022

After Orientalism, a landmark work edited by Francois Pouilion and Jean-Claude Vatin, was published in 2014 in the Leiden Studies in Islam and Society series in collaboration with renowned publisher, Brill. The work, featuring dozens of leading scholars including Francois Pouilion, Jean-Claude Vatin, Robert Irwin, Leon Buskens, Baudouin Dupret, Zakaria Rhani, Jessica Marglin, Oliver Herrenschmidt, Edhem Eldem, Emmanuel Szurek, Stephane Dudoignon and Elisabeth Alles, is aimed at shifting the focus of Islamic studies from the 'centre' to the 'periphery', by raising new issues through innovative perspectives.
Does Trade Openness Foster Unemployment? Evidence from D-8 OIC Countries
Authors: Ulima Ananda Olga
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyse the effect of trade openness, wages, inflation, economic growth, and population toward unemployment in the D-8 Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries over the period, 1991 to 2020. The quantitative approach uses techniques analysis of panel data regression. The study result shows a significant simultaneous effect of trade openness, wages, inflation, economic growth, and population on unemployment of D-8 OIC member countries. While partially, trade openness has a significant positive effect on unemployment, wages, economic growth, and inflation have a significant negative relationship with unemployment. The population has a significant positive effect on unemployment. Overall, the result implies that each OIC member country should promote an effective and strategic plan to enhance the demand for labour and employment. Furthermore, professional courses and vocational training should be initiated to fulfil the growing demand for skilled labour.
The Determinant Factors of Islamic Bank’s Profitability in Indonesia During COVID-19 Pandemic (Sep 2019 - Sep 2021)
Authors: Sakina Cynthia Farah
Published: August 2022

In this study, we to examine and analyse some factors that will determine Islamic banks profitability level in Indonesia. Some factors such as the influence of inflation, interest rates, NPF, FDR, and CAR will have an impact especially on profitability levels. In this study, we use the quantitative method. We selected the sample using purposive sampling method then referred to three Islamic banks in Indonesia. The data used in this paper were secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the Central Bank of Indonesia (BI), and related official websites of Islamic banks. We used the form of quarterly data for the last two years from September 2019 to September 2021. The results indicated that only NPF shows a significant effect on profitability (ROA) in Islamic banks.
The Use of Simultaneous Equation Model (SEM) in Understanding the Dynamic Relationships Between Economic Openness and Real Disposable Personal Income on Inflation: the Indonesian Experience
Authors: Huda Fahmi Alamil
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the relationship between the degree of economic openness and real disposable personal income on inflation in Indonesia for a twenty-one-year period (2000Q1–2021Q3). The Simultaneous Equation Model (SEM) technique and the TSLS–Two Stage Least Squares (TSNLS and ARMA) method and long-term dependence for quarterly data from March 2001 (2001Q1) to September 2021 (2021Q3) were used to analyse and test the data. The study shows that the variables degree of openness of the economy (lopen) and real disposable personal income (ldpi) had a significant effect on inflation (linf) with a significance level of 5%. Interestingly, the estimates tend to show an appropriate sign and magnitude of the economic coefficient significance. The study has some implications. It explains the openness of the Indonesian economy and the real disposable personal income of the Indonesian population to recent inflation. Additionally, choosing appropriate policy actions to increase the competitiveness of Indonesia's export products both competitively and comparatively are discussed. If the permanent disposable income of people in Indonesia increases, the consumption demand for certain goods and services will also increase. When the demand for an item is high, the raw materials to be used also become scarce and this can cause inflation. In the context of fiscal stabilization, the Government is expected to be able to provide permanent non-cash subsidies that can help people generate permanent income independently and sustainably so that it has an impact on smoothing their consumption path over time.
Islamic Banking System and Economic Growth: Exploration of D-8 Countries
Authors: Hamadou Issa
Published: August 2022

The aim of this investigation is to look at the effect of the Islamic banking system on the economic growth of D-8 countries as well as their relationship and the causality direction. Annual report time series data were used from 2010–2021. Islamic Banking Financing (IBF) was used as a representation of the Islamic banking sector, while Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Trade were used to represent the economic sector. The econometric tools used are the panel unit root test, panel test of cointegration, and the causality test of Granger. The findings showed that, in the short and long run, Islamic banking and economic growth have a positive connection in D-8 countries. Moreover, there is bi-directional causality. That means, there is a two-way causality starting from the growth sector to Islamic banking and Islamic banking to economic growth. It is also discovered that, in the short run, investment (GFCF) and trade activities have an affirmative influence on the development of Islamic banking. Increasing investment formation will thus successfully subsidize the expansion of the Islamic banking segment of D-8 countries. However, the main policy implication is that governments of the D-8 countries can support economic growth by expanding the finance sector through additional liberalization measures. It is recommended to include another variable that is currently not used, such as the quality of the institutions, and moreover, to apply other statistical tools such as ARCH and GARCH to look at profound relationships.
Pesantren, the COVID-19 Pandemic and Digital Transformation: A Global Development Perspective
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono
Published: August 2022

Scholarly debate on Islamic education lingers in a system that is often criticized for its reluctance to accept any forms of modernization, and this present study tries to prove the opposite. By exploring the dynamics of pesantren (Islamic boarding school) as an Islamic educational institution in coping with distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study observes the digital transformation made by pesantren during the time of the pandemic, and examines if this indicates development as per the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While SDG 4 suggests that the adoption of the Internet and computers is essential and becomes an indicator of quality education, locally it is debated whether the utilization of digital technology is compatible with pesantren values. Yet, this study argues that the pandemic situation—which requires distance learning—has forced pesantren to compromise in utilizing digital technologies. Different responses are made by pesantren depending on their institutional types: traditional, semi-traditional-modern, and modern. But significant improvement is reflected in how they have used digital technologies before and during the pandemic; either in their main pedagogical practice, or virtual study of yellow books (Kitab kuning), or in institutional and administrative matters. The discussion focuses on how—despite incompatibility in their values—digital adaptation could determine pesantrens’ survival and viability in the twenty-first century, by reflecting on how they survived the crisis during post-colonial times. In this case, not only does pesantrens’ digital adaptation satisfy the fulfillment of basic needs as in SDG 4, but it also helps them connect with the outside world, and further engage on issues within other SDGs. Overall, the study supports scholarly discussion on the resilience of faith-based education; that, despite the predicted collapse, it still manages to survive and adapt to modernity and development.
The Role of Self-regulated Learning in Coping with Postgraduate Students’ Academic Procrastination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia
Authors: Trisnawati Sri , Rahimi Nik Mohd
Published: August 2022

Academic procrastination is generally associated with insufficient self-regulated learning. However, through a qualitative cased study, this research looks at another perspective which explores the academic procrastination experienced and the role of self-regulated learning strategies in motivational and behavioral aspects as coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Six research participants, postgraduate students at the National University of Malaysia, were selected through purposive sampling and follow-up interviews. This research discovered that postgraduate students demonstrate academic procrastination behaviors such as delaying starting and completing the task, deferring doing the assignment, having a time gap between planning and actual work, being more easily distracted, yet, having the self-assurance of being able to complete the assignment in time, and exhibiting a perfectionist personality trait. At the same time, academic procrastination was dominantly caused by the ambience of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and lack of social support. This study also discovered that the postgraduate students applied self-regulated learning motivational strategies such as mastery of self-talk, the relevant reinforcement strategy, the self-consequential strategy and the environment-forming strategy in rebuilding and maintaining motivation. Meanwhile, an effort regulation strategy and pursuing social support are carried out in the behavioral aspect of self-regulated learning strategies to reduce indulgence on academic procrastination. Concisely, self-regulated learning strategies have played a significant role in coping with academic procrastination during online learning throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
How Indonesia Became a World Leader in Islamic Education: A Historical Sociology of a Great Transformation
Authors: Hefner Robert W.
Published: August 2022

Over the past twenty years, educators around the world have worked to devise curricula to educate students about how to live together as citizens in diverse societies. In Muslim educational circles, this task has been made additionally challenging by jurisprudential legacies from classical times that make strict and hierarchical distinctions between Muslims and non-Muslims. This essay presents a historical sociology of educational reform in Islamic schools in Indonesia with regards to education about citizenship and nation. This study shows that the late-nineteenth century ascendance of madrasa-like institutions across the Indonesian archipelago meant that the widespread adoption of a more-or-less standardized fiqh-focused curriculum (like that long common in Middle Eastern and South Asian madrasas) coincided with two other developments: the rise of Indonesian nationalism, with an emphasis on multi-religious citizenship, and the spread of modernist-style “Islamic schools” (sekolah Islam) with a broad-based academic curriculum. The coincidence of these three currents ensured that here in Indonesia Islamic schooling adopted a general curriculum emphasizing the sciences of the world in addition to Islamic sciences more readily than in many other Muslim lands. In a manner that anticipated a shift recently seen in other Muslim-majority countries, Islamic educators did so while also prioritizing Islamic ideals of the public good (maslahat) and purpose-driven (maqasid) ethics over legal formalism, and rallying to the ideal of Indonesian traditions of multi-religious citizenship. In all these regards, Islamic higher education contributed greatly to contemporary Indonesia’s cultural and democratic reform.
Preface: Education and Society
Authors: Nurmila Nina
Published: August 2022

Publishing articles in scholarly journals is an unavoidable activity for academics. Some courses require postgraduate students to publish in a journal in order to pass their classes. Some Indonesian institutions require students to publish articles in a journal before graduation and journal publication has become one of the requirements for lecturers to be promoted into a higher-ranked job. Out of these obligations, there are many benefits of publishing articles in a journal. One of these is that our thoughts and expertise will be conveyed to the public. This will attract further benefits such as being invited to be the speaker on the topic about which we have written or being invited to collaborate on further research and publications.
Improvements and Setbacks in Women’s Access to Education: A Case Study of Afghanistan
Authors: Kayen Hazrat Shah
Published: August 2022

Afghanistan has struggled poorly regarding women’s education since modern education was brought to the country. Over the last 26 years, women have experienced ups and downs in their access to education in Afghanistan. This study explores women’s access to education in Afghanistan across three different regimes. It was found that women across all three rules have had limited access to education given the diverse culture of the country; cultural restrictions, insecurity, lack of adequate school equipment, and distant school locations were identified as the leading causes behind women’s reduced access to education. Recently, the country experienced another overthrowing of an established government that had helped get 40 percent of women into learning spheres between 2001 and 2021. Now, Afghan women face immense uncertainty about their education in the future, even though the new Taliban regime promised to provide equal access to education. In this research, alongside other barriers to women’s entry to schooling, social and cultural ideologies were also uncovered, which have mainly hindered women’s access to education across the country.
Spiritual Well-being, Self-efficacy, and Student Engagement of Muslim Juveniles during an Educational Program in Prison
Authors: Sriwiyanti Sriwiyanti , Saefudin Wahyu
Published: August 2022

The juvenile prison system in Indonesia has an educational program that aims to give the inmates rights as human beings. The juveniles are registered as students and follow various school levels such as junior high school, senior high school, and Pendidikan Kesetaraan (Paket A, Paket B, Paket C). During the educational program, they face some problematic issues and challenges. Therefore, the students need other aspects to strengthen their engagement during learning. Spiritual well-being and self-efficacy are assumed to affect and enhance engagement. Therefore, this study focuses on examining these variables. The data collection occurred on 6 January 2022. The sampling method used was a total sampling of Muslim juveniles in the Central Lombok Juvenile Prison. Respondents in this study amounted to 37 juveniles. The inclusion criteria include adolescents aged 12–18 years old who have committed various crimes, are serving time in juvenile prison, are Muslim, and follow the educational program in prison. Results are divided into two main objectives. First, students’ engagement level in attending education in prisons is high. Second, spiritual well-being and self-efficacy affect the level of student engagement. Those who have high spiritual well-being and self-efficacy scores have flourishing engagement. The findings of this study will impact various elements, such as the Directorate General of Corrections in the regulation of juvenile education, as well as teachers and educational staff in organizing schools for adolescents within the criminal justice system.
The Nexus between Education and Internet Use of Students: Evidence from Underdeveloped Regions in Indonesia
Authors: Purwa Taly , Cendekia Diyang Gita
Published: August 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic and the Industry 4.0 era, the role of the Internet became extremely important for connecting the society. Unfortunately, heterogeneous geographical, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics may create different roles in using the Internet, leading to a digital divide. Utilizing National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) data collected early in the COVID-19 pandemic, this study employs binary logistic regression to investigate the effect of education through school participation on internet use in underdeveloped regions in Indonesia. The findings show that only one-fifth of students in underdeveloped regions are using the Internet. Looking deeper, school participation plays a prominent role for students online. The more educated the students, the more likely they are to use the Internet. Moreover, the possibility of a student using the Internet is increasing for students are getting the aid of the Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP), who live in households where the head of the household has particular characteristics, which are being male, of non-productive age, having higher education, working in the non-agricultural sector, having higher socioeconomic status and where fewer students live in the household. However, this study also finds that student gender has no significant impact on internet use. Promoting and providing proportional support by the government in terms of internet use based on school participation is principal due to the existence of the digital divide. It will also be very interesting when further research may account for other potential variables from the supply side that could explain the internet use of students in underdeveloped regions of Indonesia.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Women of Reproductive Age in Birjand, Iran
Authors: Kanani Beheshte , Namaei Mohammad Hasan , Tavakoli Kareshk Amir , Solgi Rahmat
Published: August 2022

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan of the Apicomplexa phylum with widespread distribution in animals and humans. Toxoplasma gondii is also an important cause of infectious diseases in women of reproductive age. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody and its associated risk factors among women of reproductive age referring to Birjand Comprehensive Health Center, East of Iran. Methods: A total of 300 serum samples were collected from women who were referred to Birjand Comprehensive Health Center to be screened for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analytical and descriptive statistics were carried out using SPSS software version 20. Descriptive statistics were reported as a percentage and mean (SD). The chi-squared test was applied to assess the univariate association between independent variables and outcome. The significance level in the test was considered P < 0.05. Results: The results showed that 8.3% of the subjects with an average age of 27 years were IgG-positive. Contact with cats had a significant effect on positivity for IgG and disease frequency (P < 0.05). On the other hand, age and the place of residence (urban or rural) had no significant effect on disease frequency (P > 0.05). Urban or rural location in all age ranges had no significant effect on IgG positivity (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the high percentage of T. gondii among negative people in the target population, it is necessary to inform women of the reproductive age about the importance of testing and health issues related to T. gondii.
A Review of the Effects of Physical Activity (PA) on Bone Density: Relying on Iranian Studies
Authors: Nazari-Makiabadi Mahdieh , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali , Rahmati-Ahmadabad Saleh , Guerra-Balic Myriam , Bellovary Bryanne N
Published: August 2022

: Osteoporosis is one of the most important problems associated with aging. Genetic and environmental agents affect the process of reducing bone mineral density (BMD). As environmental agents, mechanical load (something which exerts an opposing force on the system; hence system needs more power to perform that work) is the important factor, which affects BMD. Studies show that a variety of exercise programs, depending on the amount of mechanical load they apply to the bone, activate the signaling pathways involved in the process of osteoblast activation and reduce osteoclast activity. The effect of physical activity (PA) on BMD is a function of the intensity, duration, and type of program used. Although the existing literature shows that regular PA increases BMD and subsequently develops its strength, there are conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of exercise programs that confirm the need for further study in this area.
Outcome of Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Section (VBAC)
Authors: Noori Narjes , Ghasemi Marzieh , Dashipour Alireza , Dastgerdi Mitra , Parnian Ghazaleh
Published: August 2022

Background: Generally, it is agreed that all women who previously had a cesarean section should be attempted for normal vaginal delivery. Of course, post-cesarean normal vaginal delivery is associated with potential risks and is sometimes clinically indicative of recurrent cesarean section. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the success and complications of vaginal birth after a cesarean section in pregnant women referred to Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Zahedan in 2016 - 17. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was carried out after the approval of the Student Ethics Committee by visiting the archive of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Zahedan to review the hospital records of women admitted to the gynecological ward for vaginal birth after a cesarean section. The researcher abstracted data into predetermined checklists. Finally, SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: In this study, 176 patients were evaluated. The mean gestational age was 37.64 ± 3.13 weeks. The success rate of vaginal birth after one cesarean section was 92% (162 patients), and the failure rate was 8% (14 patients). Also, the complications of vaginal birth after cesarean section were transfusion (n = 4, 2.3%), cervical rupture (n = 3, 1.7%), neonatal death (n = 4, 1.7%), and uterine rupture (n = 1, 6%) (P = 0.0). Conclusions: In the present study, the success rate of vaginal birth after one cesarean section was 92% (162 patients), and the failure rate was 8% (14 patients). Complications included blood transfusion with 2.3%, cervical rupture with 1.7%, infant mortality with 1.7%, and uterine rupture with 0.6%.
Do patients addicted to fentanyl need higher doses of methadone or buprenorphine?
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2022

With most medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, there are many choices of medications. For opioid use disorder (OUD), there are three: methadone, buprenoprhine, and naltrexone, and because of issues with naltrexone—patients don't want it, induction requires a week opioid‐free first—that leaves methadone and buprenorphine. The question in the illicit fentanyl era is: Which medication works best for patients addicted to high levels of high potency opioids like fentanyl? ADAW asked top experts in the field and found out that there is no cookie‐cutter recipe; that people with OUD, just like people with high blood pressure, need individualized care. On top of that, many people with OUD have severe other problems and need comprehensive care, regardless of what medication is chosen.
Doctors concerned about MAT's dominance maintain low‐profile advocacy presence
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2022

A physicians' group that grew out of concerns a decade ago that addiction treatment had become too medication‐focused continues to operate largely out of the limelight. The group, Like Minded Docs, has preferred to exert its influence mainly through its own ranks, hoping that its messaging on the importance of psychosocial and spiritual interventions in recovery resonate within members' treatment facilities and communities.
Performance analysis of control allocation using data‐driven integral quadratic constraints
Authors: Pusch Manuel , Ossmann Daniel , Pfifer Harald
Published: August 2022

A new method is presented for evaluating the performance of a nonlinear control allocation system within a linear control loop. To that end, a worst‐case gain analysis problem is formulated that can be readily solved by means of well‐established methods from robustness analysis using integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). It exploits the fact that control allocation systems are in general memoryless mappings that can be bounded by IQCs. A data‐driven approach is used to find an optimal bound of the input/output mapping of the control allocation. Additionally, an iterative procedure based on local IQCs is introduced to determine meaningful sampling limits for less conservative yet accurate results. The effectiveness of the proposed data‐driven performance analysis is shown at the example of an actively controlled flexible wing in a wind tunnel.
In Vivo 3‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging of Mouse Subcortical Vasculature Labeled by AIEgen Before and After Craniotomy
Authors: Deng Xiangquan , Xu Zhourui , Zhang Zhijun , Zhang Wanjian , Li Jiangao , Zheng Lei , Chen Xinlin , Pan Yi , Qiu Ping , Wang Dong , Xu Gaixia , Wang Ke
Published: August 2022

Fluorophores lay the material basis for tissue labeling and fluorescence imaging, especially for deep‐brain multiphoton microscopy (MPM) in animal models. Among various fluorescent materials, those with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics, i.e., AIEgens, have excellent optical properties and biocompatibility and thus have found widespread applications in biomedical imaging. However, their application to deep‐brain MPM has so far been limited in imaging depth, which undoubtedly poses a hindrance to neurological research aiming to probe the deeper brain. In order to address the issue, here a novel bright AIEgen, namely MTTCM, is designed and synthesized via facile reactions routes. The self‐assembled MTTCM nanoparticles (NPs) with their water‐dispersible feature, have good biocompatibility and good photostability. Furthermore, they are spectrally advantageous for deep‐brain MPM: their emission lies in the NIR‐I region, they generate 3‐photon fluorescence with NIR‐III excitation and show only a slight blue‐shift in the emitted 3‐photon fluorescence in vivo. From a fundamental photochemical perspective, it is also confrimed that MTTCM NPs obey Kasha's rule since the measured 3‐photon and 1‐photon fluorescence spectra overlap. All these merits make MTTCM NPs the enabling fluorophores for record depth in brain imaging in vivo: 1905 µm after craniotomy and 1100 µm through an intact skull, excited at 1660 nm. Furthermore, a record 752 µm hemodynamic imaging depth before craniotomy is demonstrated, from which the blood flow speed can be measured. MTTCM NPs are thus promising fluorophores for deep‐brain 3‐photon imaging in vivo.
Expanding Structural Space for Immunomodulatory Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles via Spatial Arrangement of Their Therapeutic Moieties
Authors: Chandler Morgan , Rolband Lewis , Johnson M. Brittany , Shi Da , Avila Yelixza I. , Cedrone Edward , Beasock Damian , Danai Leyla , Stassenko Elizabeth , Krueger Joanna K. , Jiang Jiancheng , Lee Jeoung Soo , Dobrovolskaia Marina A. , Afonin Kirill A.
Published: August 2022

Different therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) can be unified in a single structure by their elongation with short oligonucleotides designed to self‐assemble into nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs). With this approach, therapeutic cocktails with precisely controlled composition and stoichiometry of active ingredients can be delivered to the same diseased cells for enhancing pharmaceutical action. In this study, an additional nanotechnology‐based therapeutic option that enlists a biocompatible NANP‐encoded platform for their controlled patient‐specific immunorecognition is explored. For this, a set of representative functional NANPs is extensively characterized in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo and then further analyzed for immunostimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells freshly collected from healthy donor volunteers. The results of the study present the advancement of the current TNA approach toward personalized medicine and offer a new strategy to potentially address top public health challenges related to drug overdose and safety through the biodegradable nature of the functional platform with immunostimulatory regulation.
Enantiomer‐Selective Molecular Sensing in the Nonlinear Optical Regime via Upconverting Chiral Metamaterials
Authors: Lee Kyu‐Tae , Kim Byunghoon , Raju Lakshmi , Rodrigues Sean P. , Ko Doo‐Hyun , Cai Wenshan
Published: August 2022

Enantiomers are chiral isomers in which the isomer's structure itself and its mirror image cannot be superimposed on each other. Enantiomer selective sensing is critical as enantiomers exhibit distinct functionalities to their mirror image. Discriminating between enantiomers by optical methods has been widely used as these techniques provide nondestructive characterization, however, they are constrained by the intrinsically small chirality of the molecules. Here, a method to effectively discriminate chiral analytes in the nonlinear regime is demonstrated, which is facilitated by an upconverting chiral plasmonic metamaterial. The different handedness of the chiral molecules interacts with the chiral metamaterial platform, which leads to a change in the circular dichroism of the chiral metamaterial in the near‐infrared region. The contrast of the circular dichroism is identified by the upconverted signal in the visible region.
All‐Solid‐State Thin Film Lithium/Lithium‐Ion Microbatteries for Powering the Internet of Things
Authors: Xia Qiuying , Zan Feng , Zhang Qianyu , Liu Wei , Li Qichanghao , He Yan , Hua Jingyi , Liu Jiahao , Xu Jing , Wang Jinshi , Wu Chuanzhi , Xia Hui
Published: August 2022

As the world steps into the era of Internet of Things (IoT), numerous miniaturized electronic devices requiring autonomous micropower sources will be connected to the internet. All‐solid‐state thin‐film lithium/lithium‐ion microbatteries (TFBs) combining solid‐state battery architecture and thin‐film manufacturing are regarded as ideal on‐chip power sources for IoT‐enabled microelectronic devices. However, unlike commercialized lithium‐ion batteries, TFBs are still in the immature state, and new advances in materials, manufacturing, and structure are required to improve their performance. In this review, the current status and existing challenges of TFBs for practical application in internet‐connected devices for the IoT are discussed. Recent progress in thin‐film deposition, electrode and electrolyte materials, interface modification, and 3D architecture design is comprehensively summarized and discussed, with emphasis on state‐of‐the‐art strategies to improve the areal capacity and cycling stability of TFBs. Moreover, to be suitable power sources for IoT devices, the design of next‐generation TFBs should consider multiple functionalities, including wide working temperature range, good flexibility, high transparency, and integration with energy‐harvesting systems. Perspectives on designing practically accessible TFBs are provided, which may guide the future development of reliable power sources for IoT devices.
Flat–Zigzag Interface Design of Chalcogenide Heterostructure toward Ultralow Volume Expansion for High‐Performance Potassium Storage
Authors: Pan Qingguang , Tong Zhaopeng , Su Yuanqiang , Zheng Yongping , Shang Lin , Tang Yongbing
Published: August 2022

Heterostructure construction of layered metal chalcogenides can boost their alkali‐metal storage performance, where the charge transfer kinetics can be promoted by the built‐in electric fields. However, these heterostructures usually undergo interface separation due to severe layer expansion, especially for large‐size potassium accommodation, resulting in the deconstruction of heterostructures and battery performance fading. Herein, first a stable interface design strategy where two metal chalcogenides with totally different layer‐morphologies are stacked to form large K+ transport channels, rendering ultralow interlayer expansion, is presented. As a proof of concept, the flat–zigzag MoS2/Bi2S3 heterostructures stacked with zigzag‐morphology Bi2S3 and flat‐morphology MoS2 present an ultralow expansion ratio (1.98%) versus MoS2 (9.66%) and Bi2S3 (9.61%), which deliver an ultrahigh potassium storage capacity of above 600 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 76% after 500 cycles, together with the built‐in electric field of heterostructures. Once the heterostructures are used as an anode for potassium‐based dual‐ion batteries (K‐DIBs), it achieves a superior full‐cell capacity of ≈166 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 71% after 400 cycles, which is an outstanding performance among the reported K‐DIBs. This proposed interface stacking strategy may offer a new way toward stable heterostructure design for metal ions storage and transport applications.
4D Printing of Freestanding Liquid Crystal Elastomers via Hybrid Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Peng Xirui , Wu Shuai , Sun Xiaohao , Yue Liang , Montgomery S. Macrae , Demoly Frédéric , Zhou Kun , Zhao Ruike Renee , Qi H. Jerry
Published: August 2022

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) are appealing candidates among active materials for 4D printing, due to their reversible, programmable and rapid actuation capabilities. Recent progress has been made on direct ink writing (DIW) or Digital Light Processing (DLP) to print LCEs with certain actuation. However, it remains a challenge to achieve complicated structures, such as spatial lattices with large actuation, due to the limitation of printing LCEs on the build platform or the previous layer. Herein, a novel method to 4D print freestanding LCEs on‐the‐fly by using laser‐assisted DIW with an actuation strain up to −40% is proposed. This process is further hybridized with the DLP method for optional structural or removable supports to create active 3D architectures in a one‐step additive process. Various objects, including hybrid active lattices, active tensegrity, an actuator with tunable stability, and 3D spatial LCE lattices, can be additively fabricated. The combination of DIW‐printed functionally freestanding LCEs with the DLP‐printed supporting structures thus provides new design freedom and fabrication capability for applications including soft robotics, smart structures, active metamaterials, and smart wearable devices.
Multispectral Large‐Panel X‐ray Imaging Enabled by Stacked Metal Halide Scintillators
Authors: Ran Peng , Yang Lurong , Jiang Tingming , Xu Xuehui , Hui Juan , Su Yirong , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu , Yang Yang (Michael)
Published: August 2022

Conventional energy‐integration black–white X‐ray imaging lacks the spectral information of X‐ray photons. Although X‐ray spectra (energy) can be distinguished by the photon‐counting technique typically with CdZnTe detectors, it is very challenging to be applied to large‐area flat‐panel X‐ray imaging (FPXI). Herein, multilayer stacked scintillators of different X‐ray absorption capabilities and scintillation spectra are designed; in this scenario, the X‐ray energy can be discriminated by detecting the emission spectra of each scintillator; therefore, multispectral X‐ray imaging can be easily obtained by color or multispectral visible‐light camera in a single shot of X‐rays. To verify this idea, stacked multilayer scintillators based on several emerging metal halides are fabricated in a cost‐effective and scalable solution process, and proof‐of‐concept multispectral (or multi‐energy) FPXI are experimentally demonstrated. The dual‐energy X‐ray image of a “bone–muscle” model clearly shows the details that are invisible in conventional energy‐integration FPXI. By stacking four layers of specifically designed multilayer scintillators with appropriate thicknesses, a prototype FPXI with four energy channels is realized, proving its extendibility to multispectral or even hyperspectral X‐ray imaging. This study provides a facile and effective strategy to realize multispectral large‐area flat‐panel X‐ray imaging.
Elastin‐Like Polypeptides Facilitate Adeno‐Associated Virus Transduction in the Presence of Pre‐Existing Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Wang Kai , Zheng Min , Askew Charles , Zhang Xintao , Li Chengwen , Han Zongchao
Published: August 2022

Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) is successfully developed as a major gene therapy vector, but it is still susceptible to a significant delivery limitation specifically when the vector encounters neutralizing antibodies from a pre‐existing immune response or at readministration. Here thermoresponsive polymer elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) are utilized to crosslink with AAV serotypes 2, 8, and 9 and polyplex AAV vectors are formed by creating a shield of nonviral polymer around them in nanoscale. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) assays are performed which reveal that ELP‐AAV nanoparticles significantly improve expression at high NAb titers for AAV 2 and 9. The ELP‐AAV nanoparticles are stable for an extended period in neutralizing serum and ELP appears to follow the AAV capsid during uncoating and degradation. No toxicity is found after subretinal, intramuscular, and retro‐orbital injections of ELP‐AAV. After passive transfer of human NAbs in vivo, ELP‐AAV significantly increases transduction at a low systemic AAV dose (1012 vg kg−1) in mice compared to free AAV. In an in vivo readministration paradigm, ELP‐AAV significantly improves the reporter gene expression compared to free AAV and does not change the AAV tropism. This method has strong potential to overcome the AAV‐associated neutralizing antibody response in gene therapy without redesigning the AAV virion.
Assessment of the beliefs, needs, and expectations for genetic counseling of patients with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome
Authors: Ahimaz Priyanka , Kramer Tamar , Swaroop Pooja , Mitchell McKenzie , Hernan Rebecca , Anyane‐Yeboa Kwame , Pereira Elaine M.
Published: August 2022

Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type (hEDS) is a heritable connective tissue disorder that currently does not have a known molecular etiology. Previous studies have explored the complex symptomology, clinical diagnosis, and psychological aspects of hEDS. Genetics providers currently aid in the diagnosis and management guidance of patients with hEDS, but there is limited data describing the needs and expectations of individuals with hEDS from a clinical genetics appointment. Our study sought to explore these items through the use of an online survey to assess participants' beliefs, needs and expectations (BNE) for genetic counseling as well as questions about demographics, hEDS symptoms, and current medical care. A total of 460 respondents with hEDS completed the survey. Most participants felt joint pain/weakness (n = 392; 88%) was one of the most disruptive symptoms of hEDS and 63% (n = 289) reported having psychiatric conditions. BNE scores were highest in two domains: expectations to have psychosocial concerns addressed during a genetic counseling appointment (mean score = 4.4/5; SD = 0.56) and desire for positive feelings after a genetic counseling session (mean score = 4.3/5; SD = 0.59). Participants who previously had genetic counseling felt less unsure about their diagnosis (p = 0.02) and had lower need for information about hEDS (p < 0.001). Majority of participants did not feel that their doctors were knowledgeable about hEDS (n = 269; 58%) and strongly supported a multidisciplinary approach to their care (n = 445; 97%). This research provides a framework for genetics providers and other healthcare professionals to assess the needs and expectations of patients with hEDS and consider re‐structuring their appointment formats to service this population.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and the Risk of Hematoma Expansion
Authors: Seiffge David J. , Polymeris Alexandros A. , Law Zhe Kang , Krishnan Kailash , Zietz Annaelle , Thilemann Sebastian , Werring David , Al‐Shahi Salman Rustam , Dineen Robert A. , Engelter Stefan T. , Bath Philip M. , Sprigg Nikola , Lyrer Philippe , Peters Nils ,   for the TICH‐2 Investigators
Published: August 2022

Objective

We assessed whether hematoma expansion (HE) and favorable outcome differ according to type of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods

Among participants with ICH enrolled in the TICH‐2 (Tranexamic Acid for Hyperacute Primary Intracerebral Haemorrhage) trial, we assessed baseline scans for hematoma location and presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) using computed tomography (CT, simplified Edinburgh criteria) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; Boston criteria) and categorized ICH as lobar CAA, lobar non‐CAA, and nonlobar. The main outcomes were HE and favorable functional outcome. We constructed multivariate regression models and assessed treatment effects using interaction terms.

Results

A total of 2,298 out of 2,325 participants were included with available CT (98.8%; median age = 71 years, interquartile range = 60‐80 years; 1,014 female). Additional MRI was available in 219 patients (9.5%). Overall, 1,637 participants (71.2%) had nonlobar ICH; the remaining 661 participants (28.8%) had lobar ICH, of whom 202 patients had lobar CAA‐ICH (8.8%, 173 participants according to Edinburgh and 29 participants according to Boston criteria) and 459 did not (lobar non‐CAA, 20.0%). For HE, we found a significant interaction of lobar CAA ICH with time from onset to randomization (increasing risk with time,pinteraction < 0.001) and baseline ICH volume (constant risk regardless of volume,pinteraction < 0.001) but no association between type of ICH and risk of HE or favorable outcome. Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the risk of HE (adjusted odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence interval = 0.6–1.0,p = 0.020) without statistically significant interaction with type of ICH (pinteraction = 0.058). Tranexamic acid was not associated with favorable outcome.

Interpretation

Risk of HE in patients with lobar CAA‐ICH was not independently increased but seems to have different dynamics compared to other types of ICH. The time window for treatment of CAA‐ICH to prevent HE may be longer. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:921–930