bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Risk Factors with Breast Cancer in Libyan Women
Authors: Ameigaal Samira. D. , Ageel Ahmed. A , Abdoarahem Mostafa. O.
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among Libyan females. There are many important risk factors for BC in different populations as suggested by epidemiological studies. BC is an etiologically complex disease affected by genetic and other environmental factors, which include gender, age, previous breast cancer, body mass index, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormonal therapy, reproductive factor, alcohol consumption, smoking and breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate if  there is an association between risk factors and breast cancer among Libyan females. Data were collected by using questioners for 38 cases with breast cancer from Tripoli Medical Center and 100 controls from March 2016 to February 2017. The results showed that risk of breast cancer was associated with age, the mean ages (± SD) of the case and control groups were 46.7 ± 15.6 and 38.8 ± 19.1 respectively, age at the first birth (P=0.036), family history with first-degree relative percentage of the cases and control groups were 21% and 4% and second-degree relatives were 10.5% and 13% respectively with statistical difference (P=0.042) and menopausal status (P=0.002). The risk decreased with breastfeeding (P=0.033). No association was observed between passive smoking (P=0.363) and the number of pregnancies and births (P=0.402). Data from this study indicated that there were some factors associated with breast cancer among Libyan females including age, age at the first pregnancy, family history and menopausal status.
Morphological Characterization of Arum cyrenaicum Hruby Plant in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar Region - Libya
Authors: Abdulrraziq Ahmed Amrajaa , Salih Sami Mohammed
Published: November 2021

: The Araceae family is one of the widely distributed plant families globally and among the native species representing this family in Libya, especially in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region, is Arum cyrenaicum. which has not been studied morphologically since 1977. Therefore, this study aims to give a detailed morphological characterization of Arum cyrenaicum. and verify that there are no other species of Arum in nineteen locations of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar for two seasons 2019-2020, and as a study to be added to the Libyan flora data. The results of the field study showed the presence of Arum cyrenaicum. in all studied locations. The study was also able to record it for the first time at 14 new locations and did not record any other genus Arum species. The results of the morphological study also showed that it is a tuber discoid herbaceous annual plant, which grows in the early fall season. It is characterized by simple sagittate and hastate leaves with long petiole, single inflorescence (spadix), sail shaped, dark purple in color, and it consists of two parts (spathe, spadix). It has the smell of dung, is bisexual, monoecious, with female flowers situated at the bottom of male flowers, anther consistes of two thecae, superior ovary with single locule, parietal placentation, fruit berries red when ripe, and a seed shape ovate.
¿Futuros médicos o futuros pacientes? Un estudio sobre los factores de riesgo de estrés en estudiantes de medicina.
Authors: Matto Matheus Bettini Ferreira , CARNEIRO Patricia Sanches , Vinck Bruna , Ballejo Érick Ivan , Spesse Talita , Silva Tainara de Miranda , Silva Carla Nayane Souza da , Coehn Stefania
Published: November 2021

Introducción: Diversos estudios señalan que las características propias de la carrera de medicina son un factor estresor significativo para los estudiantes, aumentando el riesgo de desarrollo del Síndrome de Bornout y disminuyendo la calidad de vida. Por este motivo, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la calidad de vida de los estudiantes de medicina. Metodología: Participaron 419 estudiantes de medicina cursando diferentes años de la carrera. El perfil de la muestra estuvo compuesto mayormente por estudiantes del primer año con una edad media de 22.8 ± 5.8 años, solteros, viviendo con los padres y sin ingresos propios. Resultados: Se observó una prevalencia de 81,3% de riesgo para el desarrollo del Bornout, y valores medios bajos tanto en la calidad de vida general (50,9±15,7) como en para todos los dominios (Físico: 51,6±16,7; Psicológico: 47,1±18,3; Social: 51,3±25,7; Ambiental: 53,4±16,5). Entre los principales agentes estresores analizados, la cantidad de horas de estudio se ha correlacionado directa y significativamente con las mayores puntuaciones del Bornout. Conclusión: El estrés y una baja calidad de vida son una realidad en esta muestra, y la cantidad de horas de estudio constituyen un factor estresor. Futuros estudios permitirán comprender de qué manera los factores estresores detectados en este trabajo influyen en la calidad de vida de los estudiantes de medicina. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bornout, Qualidade de vida, Medicina, Estudantes, Estresse
The Welsh Tax Base: Risks and Opportunities after Fiscal Devolution
Authors: Ifan Guto , Poole Ed Gareth
Published: November 2021

Under the new Fiscal Framework and devolution of some tax powers, from April 2019, the Welsh Government and local authorities will control nearly £5 billion of tax revenues, equivalent to roughly 30 per cent of their combined current spending. In this report we have worked with the Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University to examine the key characteristics of the Welsh tax base, the risks and opportunities to the Welsh tax base after fiscal devolution, and some of the implications for Welsh Government policy. It concludes that tax policy reform should be pursued in an integrated way, with all devolved and local taxes considered in the round. It also highlights that given the influence that wider policy areas like education and housing have on the economy, there are cross-departmental challenges for the Welsh Government to ensure it successfully manages the increased risk inherent to fiscal devolution.
The Fifth World Congress on Resilience
Authors: Ionescu Serban
Published: November 2021

The Fifth World Congress on Resilience, held May 26 to 28, 2021, at the Yaoundé Convention Centre (Cameroon), was devoted to “Human development, sustainable development, and resilience.” Co-chaired by Étienne Kimessoukié-Omolomo and Colette Jourdan-Ionescu, the Congress was organized by the School of Health Sciences of the Catholic University of Central Africa under the aegis of Resilio, the International Association for promotion and dissemination of research on resilience. Due to health restrictions, the Congress was held in a hybrid format, online and with 120 in-person participants.
So sánh kỹ thuật điều khiển tuyến tính hóa vào ra và phương pháp cuốn chiếu cho động cơ không đồng bộ
Authors: Bui Thi Kim Hue  , Mai Nhat Thien  , Luong Hoai Thuong  , Huynh Thi Du  , Ngo Bich Nen  , Huynh Thanh Tuong
Published: November 2021

Động cơ không đồng bộ ba pha được sử dụng rộng rãi trong công nghiệp vì các ưu điểm như cấu tạo đơn giản, chắc chắn, vận hành tin cậy, ít bảo trì sửa chữa, giá thành thấp, hiệu suất cao… Tuy nhiên, việc điều khiển động cơ không đồng bộ là một vấn đề khó khăn, phức tạp vì tính phi tuyến của mô hình động cơ. Bài báo này ứng dụng kỹ thuật điều khiển hồi tiếp tuyến tính hóa (Feedback Linearization Control – FLC) và phương pháp điều khiển cuốn chiếu (Backstepping) để thiết kế hệ thống điều khiển từ thông và tốc độ động cơ không đồng bộ ba pha, trong đó từ thông và mô-men được ước lượng từ các giá trị dòng điện và điện áp của động cơ. Việc so sánh các thành phần của động cơ (từ thông, tốc độ, mô-men, dòng điện ba pha) của kỹ thuật đề xuất FLC với phương pháp cuốn chiếu được tiến hành. Việc so sánh được thực hiện khi thay đổi tải ở trục động cơ, khả năng bám của tốc độ và độ nhạy khi thay đổi điều kiện vận hành. Các kết quả mô phỏng sẽ cho thấy hiệu quả của phương pháp đề xuất FLC.
Nghiên cứu đánh giá hiệu quả năng lượng tủ sấy kết hợp ống nhiệt trọng trường môi chất R134a
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Luan  , Nguyen Minh Ha  , Lai Hoai Nam
Published: November 2021

Bài viết trình bày nghiên cứu thực nghiệm để đánh giá khả năng thu hồi nhiệt thải của ống nhiệt trọng trường môi chất R134a trên tủ sấy ở điều kiện khí hậu Việt Nam. Hiệu quả thu hồi nhiệt thải được khảo sát thông qua bố trí thí nghiệm theo ma trận trực giao hai nhân tố. Các mô hình toán học liên quan đến phương trình năng lượng được phân tích bằng phần mềm EES (Engineering Equation Solver). Trong phạm vi khảo sát với nhiệt độ không khí sau buồng sấy t = 40 ¸ 60oC, tốc độ không khí v= 0,4 ¸ 1,2 m/s và vật liêu sấy là rau má. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, khi kết hợp ống nhiệt vào tủ sấy thì hiệu quả sử dụng năng lượng tủ sấy tăng 6,5¸14,5% với phạm vi nhiệt độ t= 50¸ 60oC. Hiệu suất trao đổi nhiệt của bộ ống nhiệt (phần nhiệt hiện) lần lượt đạt 13,1 ¸ 18,2% và 8,7 ¸ 12,2% ứng với các trường hợp có nhiệt độ t= 60 oC và t= 50oC. Nhiệt độ không khí vào phần sôi ống nhiệt t £ 40oC thì ống nhiệt gần như không làm việc. Ở điều kiện khí hậu Việt Nam với nhiệt độ không khí ra khỏi tủ sấy 50¸60oC có thể sử dụng bộ ống nhiệt trọng trường môi chất R134a để thu hồi nhiệt thải.
Thiết kế bộ điều khiển trượt với mặt trượt pi dựa vào bộ lọc thông thấp hệ thống giảm xóc – vật – lò xo
Authors: Ma So Hien  , Pham Thanh Tung
Published: November 2021

Bộ điều khiển trượt với mặt trượt PI dựa vào bộ lọc thông thấp cho hệ thống giảm xóc – vật – lò xo được đề xuất trong bài báo này. Hệ thống giảm xóc – vật – lò xo là hệ thống được sử dụng rộng rãi trong các lĩnh vực kỹ thuật, đặc biệt là trong các lĩnh vực Tự động hóa và Cơ điện tử. Bộ điều khiển trượt với mặt trượt PI dựa vào bộ lọc thông thấp được thiết kế để đảm bảo vị trí thực tế của hệ thống hội tụ về vị trí tham chiếu trong thời gian hữu hạn và giảm hiện tượng chattering quanh mặt trượt. Tính ổn định của bộ điều khiển đề xuất được chứng minh thông qua phân tích ổn định Lyapunov. Các kết quả mô phỏng với MATLAB/Simulink cho thấy rằng bộ điều khiển đề xuất là phù hợp để điều khiển hệ thống. Bộ điều khiển đề xuất cho hiệu quả tốt hơn bộ điều khiển PID và kỹ thuật cuốn chiếu với sai số xác lập hội tụ về 0, không có độ vọt lố, thời gian xác lập là 0.2696 (s) và thời gian tăng là 0.1494 (s).
PROJEKT MONTAŻU OZNAKOWAŃ DLA OSÓB NIEWIDOMYCH NA PERONACH STACJI KOLEJOWEJ W MSZCZONOWIE
Authors: Olczak Szymon
Published: November 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki związanej z poprawą bezpieczeństwa na
peronach stacji kolejowej w Mszczonowie poprzez montaż oznakowań ostrzegawczych, czyli
nawierzchni dotykowych dla osób niewidomych. Porównane zostały rozwiązania techniczne
różnych przedsiębiorstw zajmujących się montażem tychże rozwiązań. Ujęte w artykule
sposoby znacznie poprawią bezpieczeństwo na peronach nie tylko dla osób niewidomych,
lecz także starszych, które z racji wieku również widzą słabiej.
The tendency to tax avoidance and tax evasion in the light of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development – ethical issues in accounting practice
Authors: Kołodziej Sabina , Maruszewska Ewa
Published: November 2021

Modern accounting professionals are in charge of tools that, apart from enabling them to keep businessaccounts, may also be used to distort the picture of the financial situation of an entity, as well as to manipulatetax settlements. Therefore, accounting professionals not only should possess the necessaryknowledge, but also should apply ethical standards in their work. These two components guarantee thecorrectness of tax settlements and the faithful representation of economic reality in the accounting system.The aim of this article is to present the results of analysis of the frequency of making accounting choices aimed at reducing the tax burden through breaking ethical or legal norms. In addition, the rela-tionship between the tendency to make decisions leading to tax avoidance or tax evasion and the reasons behind it (according to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development) have been analysed. The results indicate higher frequency of decisions aimed at lowering tax liabilities due to the failure to follow ethical stand-ards than due to breaking ethical and legal standards at the same time. It was also pointed out that the tendency to make unethical (and illegal) decisions was associated with low levels of moral reasoning, which confirms the importance of the postulate to supplement accounting education with accountability and ethical awareness issues.
An Approach for Schema Extraction of NoSQL Columnar Databases: the HBase Case Study
Authors: Frozza Angelo Augusto , Dias Defreyn Eduardo , Dos Santos Mello Ronaldo
Published: November 2021

Although NoSQL databases do not require a schema a priori, being aware of the database schema is essential for activities like data integration, data validation, or data interoperability. This paper presents a process for the extraction of columnar NoSQL database schemas. We adopt JSON as a canonical format for data representation, and we validate the proposed process through a prototype tool that is able to extract schemas from the HBase columnar NoSQL database system. HBase was chosen as a case study because it is one of the most popular columnar NoSQL solutions. When compared to related work, we innovate by proposing a simple solution for the inference of column data types for columnar NoSQL databases that store only byte arrays as column values, and a resulting schema that follows the JSON Schema format.
Influence of New Work Attributes in Job Advertisements on Perceived Organizational Attractiveness
Authors: Schmitz Anja , Wüst Kirsten , Fritz Lydia
Published: November 2021

Recruiting suitable talent has become increasingly difficult - including the recruitment of university graduates, members of the so-called millennial generation. Consequently, organizations are looking for ways to increase their organizational attractiveness. Many German companies are currently striving to implement the concept of new work with autonomy, meaningfulness, and self-actualization as its core attributes. While this concept has already drawn a lot of attention in the practitioner field, there is still a lack of controlled research on how these efforts affect organizational attractiveness for job seekers. This paper thus empirically investigates how millennials’ perception of organizational attractiveness is affected by the implementation of new work attributes in job advertisements. 214 business students participated in this experimental, randomized, preregistered two-group between-subjects design study. The results support the hypotheses that new work attributes in job advertisements significantly improve millennials’ appraisal of the perceived organizational attractiveness measured by perceived general attractiveness, intention to pursue and prestige of the organization. As expected, the effect was mediated by perceived person-organization fit. The study’s contribution lies in providing first empirical evidence for the positive effects of new work attributes on perceived organizational attractiveness.
O DISPOSITIVO INTERACIONAL “PÁGINA DO CANDIDATO NO FACEBOOK” NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2014
Authors: Herculano Maia Lídia Raquel
Published: November 2021

Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as páginas do Facebook dos três principais presidenciáveis, nas eleições brasileiras de 2014, enquanto dispositivos interacionais nos quais se organizam sistemas de relações entre candidatos e eleitores. Para alcançar tal objetivo, realizamos uma pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando a perspectiva etnometodológica. A problemática central se constitui na articulação entre o contexto da campanha presidencial, as lógicas do Facebook e as lógicas e estratégias realizadas pelos participantes das páginas observadas. Concluindo-se que, em cada um dos três dispositivos, as funções do meio são diferentemente acionadas pelos participantes (candidatos e suas equipes e eleitores) no que tange ao objetivo comunicacional, de fazer a interação acontecer, e político, de vencer as eleições.
Optimizing First-Line Therapy for Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Advani Ranjana H.
Published: November 2021

Goals of first-line therapy in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) should focus on balancing risk versus benefit to the individual while increasing efficacy and decreasing toxicity. Overall, the ABVD regimen is well tolerated but slightly less effective, with a better safety profile compared with escalated BEACOPP. BV-AVD is somewhere in between ABVD and escalated BEACOPP on the cure/morbidity scale. Interim PET is predictive, but new prognostic biomarkers are emerging that may better identify patients at high risk for treatment failure. In patients with interim PET-negative cHL, de-escalating therapy does not impact overall survival along 1) with no proven role for radiotherapy. cHL is largely a disease of young people, and the choice of treatment should always take into account the potential for both short- and long-term toxicity with the goal of optimizing survivorship.
Kirugija glave in vratu med pandemijo covida-19
Authors: Zore Sara Bitenc , Šifrer Robert , Mavrič Ajda , Aničin Aleksandar
Published: November 2021

Kirurgija glave in vratu med pandemijo covida-19 je za zdravstveni sistem velik izziv. Pred kirurškimi posegi je potrebna ustrezna priprava in poznavanje vseh možnosti zdravljenja, da bolnik in zdravstveni delavci ne tvegajo okužbe. Treba je odložiti vse posege, katerih odložitev ne ogroža bolnikovega zdravja. Operacijske posege glede na nujnost delimo v tri skupine – v prvo skupino sodijo urgentni, neodložljivi posegi, v drugo skupino posegi, ki jih lahko odložimo za največ štiri tedne, in v tretjo skupino posegi, katerih odložitev za šest do osem tednov ne vpliva na izid zdravljenja. Pred predvideno operacijo je treba ugotoviti status okužbe bolnika z virusom SARS-CoV-2, razen ob urgentnih posegih, ki jih opravimo ne glede na status okužbe bolnika. Kirurški posegi glave in vratu se med seboj razlikujejo glede na možnost prenosa okužbe z virusom SARS-CoV-2 s pozitivnega bolnika na zdravstvenega delavca; pri tem upoštevamo predvsem verjetnost tvorbe aerosola med posegom. Med posege največjega tveganja sodijo endoskopske preiskave zgornjih dihal in prebavil ter žlez slinavk in operacije v tem področju, ki prekinejo sluznice. Te so: traheotomija, laringektomija, faringektomija, operacija raka ustne votline, transoralna laserska mikrokirurgija, transoralna robotska kirurgija. V skrbi za zdravje zdravstvenega osebja in bolnikov je med kirurškimi posegi nujna dosledna uporaba osebne varovalne opreme ne glede na okuženost bolnika.
The Mediating Effect of the satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs on the Relationship between Undergraduate Students‘ Parental Attachment and College Life Adjustment
Authors: Lee Seul , Choi Jin Ah
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of the satisfaction of basic psychological needs on the relationship between college students’ parental attachment and college life adjustment. Participants comprised 235 college students enrolled in five universities located in the Gwangju and Jeonnam areas. To assess the mediating effects, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0. The results were as follows: first, significant positive correlations were observed between parental attachment, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and college life adjustment; second, satisfaction of basic psychological needs partially mediated the relationship between parental attachment and college life adjustment. This indicates that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs – such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness – is extremely important in enabling college students to adjust to college life.
TESTING OF THE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF THE HEAT-CURING DENTURE BASE ACRYLIC RESIN
Authors: Maletin Aleksandra , Bastajić Jovana , Ristić Ivan , Petronijević Šarčev Branislava , Nešković Isidora , Veljović Tanja , Marković Dubravka
Published: November 2021

For many years, poly-methyl methacrylate has been used as a material of choice for making the denture base, thanks to its good and desirable performances, such as: simplicity in work, possibility of reparation, aesthetics and affordable price. Considering to its insufficient hardness and fracture resistance, there is a tendency to improve the mechanical properties of the material, by changing its basic composition. The aim of the research was to determine the fracture resistance of the heat-curing denture base acrylic resin materials. Materials and methods: For the research ,20 samples of the 2 heat-curing acrylics had been prepared, standard ones and reinforced acrylic resin material. After the storage in the saline for 15 days, measurements of the fracture resistance were performed by using the universal testing device. The data were statistically processed using the Student’s t-test for independent samples. Results: By measuring the flexural strength and deflection at breakage, it has been proven that there was, statistically, a significant difference of the flexural strength between reinforced (179.91-248.72MPa) and standard heat-curing acrylics (183.25- 200.74MPa). The deflection at breakage showed approximately the same values for both materials (1,0-1,4mm; 1.0-1.5mm). Conclusion: By enhancing the polymer, the mechanical properties of the denture base acrylic resin materials will be improved, primarily, higher fracture resistance, that means that these technologies need to be improved.
POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON PV MODULES AS ELEMENTS OF BIPV SYSTEMS
Authors: Milosavljević Dragana D. , Mirjanić Dragoljub Lj. , Divnić Darko , Pavlović Tomislav M. , Pantić Lana S. , Radonjić Ivana S.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the basic information of BIPV systems and results of theoretical and experimental investigation of electrical energy generated by differently oriented PV modules as elements of BIPV systems in Banja Luka, are given. It was found that in the period from September 1, 2014 to August 31, 2015, optimally oriented polycrystalline silicon PV module of 50Wp generated 61.32 kWh, horizontal module 52.37 kWh, vertical module oriented toward the South 38.72 kWh, vertical module oriented toward the East 25.74 kWh, and vertical module oriented toward the West 24.98 kWh of electrical energy. For theoretical investigation of electrical energy generated with differently oriented PV modules, the PVGIS-CMSAF software is used. The obtained results can be applied in designing residential, commercial and other buildings with BIPV systems in the Republic of Srpska where such investigations have not been not been performed earlier. Keywords: PV electricity generation, BIPV systems, PVGIS-CMSAF software.
Out-of-Pocket Savings Under the Inhaler Price Cap
Authors: Mein Stephen A. , Kludze Ave K. , Feldman William B. , Tale Archana P. , Stevens Jennifer P. , Wadhera Rishi K.
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study describes potential cost savings for both insured and uninsured users of brand-name inhalers in the US.
Trends of Violence in Movies During the Past Half Century
Authors: Fotouhi Babak , Tohidi Amir , Touserkani Rouzbeh , Bushman Brad J.
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study of English-language movies produced from 1970 to 2020 explores how violence reflected in dialogues has changed over time, whether the observed trends are limited to crime movies, and how the trends differ for male and female characters.
Liquid‐Crystal‐Powered Metasurfaces for Electrically and Thermally Switchable Photorealistic Nanoprinting and Optical Security Platform
Authors: Zheng Lin , Liu Yi , Zhang Ni , She Xiaoyi , Jin Chongjun , Shen Yang
Published: December 2024

Active or reconfigurable metasurfaces have been considered a promising paradigm for dynamic structural coloration and are starting to find their way into the ultra‐compact integrated optical display and color printing platforms. Generally, an ideal dynamic structural color platform requires full hue‐saturation‐brightness (HSB) control, high switching contrast, and a simple operation manner. Unfortunately, to date, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve all these features using previous approaches. Here, a novel electrically and thermally switchable reflective nanoprinting platform is reported by integrating polarization‐sensitive silver nanogroove arrays with a twisted nematic LC cell. Compared to conventional LC‐assisted dynamic nanoprinting, the device can simultaneously achieve superior color purity, wider gamut, and higher switching contrast. Moreover, through the implementation of a sub‐pixels scheme, arbitrary colors in the color gamut can be created by a mixture of red, green, and blue (RGB) channels at different ratios. As a proof of concept, dynamic switching of photorealistic nanoprinting with full HSB control at a high pixel density (>4,000 pixels per inch) as well as information switching and steganography are demonstrated, suggesting that the device possesses great potential in optical display and information security applications.
Design and Synthesis of PtPdNiCoMn High‐Entropy Alloy Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: A Theoretically Supported Predictive Design Approach
Authors: Chandran M Athira , Dutta Pritha , Singh Prashant , Singh Ashutosh K. , Prasad Bhagavatula L. V.
Published: December 2024

Electrocatalytic hydrogen generation requires a multifunctional electrocatalyst with abundant active sites to drive multielectron transfer reactions. High entropy alloys (HEA) are five or more‐elements with high configurational entropy are considered unique materials for next‐generation electrocatalysts. Here, in this work, based on new screening guidelines for catalyst selections that combine density‐functional theory calculated Gibbs formation‐enthalpy with bond length and electronegativity variance, a novel HEA electrocatalyst consisting of five elements, namely, Pt, Pd, Ni, Co, and Mn has been designed. By simple room temperature electrodeposition, the designed catalyst is prepared and its hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is explored and validated through experimental and theoretical approaches. The HEA demonstrated a superior HER activity with an overpotential of 22.6 mV at −10 mA cm−2 which outperforms Pt/C commercial catalyst. No evident degradation of the material is detected even after 100 hours of continuous operation under high current density. Moreover, the HEA has shown exceptional performance in harsh electrolyte conditions such as in simulated seawater and actual seawater. Remarkably, the density‐functional theory calculated Gibbs formation‐enthalpy is small (≈0 eV) compared to Pt/C placing the new HEA near the apex of Trasatti's model of Volcano plot, which is also suggestive of superior HER activity.
Precursor Engineering for the Electrode of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Wang Shangkun , Jiang Yingqiao , Feng Zemin , Liu Yongguang , Jiang Long , Dai Lei , Zhu Jing , Wang Ling , He Zhangxing
Published: December 2024

As the demand for scalable electrochemical energy storage increases, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) offer multiple advantages due to their inherent safety, environmental friendliness, and power‐to‐capacity decoupling capability. However, the intrinsic structural limitations of the electrodes, coupled with deficiencies in their surface properties, significantly impede the practical implementation of VRFBs. The systematic optimization of electrodes through precursor engineering represents a forward‐thinking approach with significant potential for advancing the field. In this paper, recent advances in VRFB electrodes are comprehensively reviewed from the perspective of precursor engineering. To begin with, the advantages based on different types of precursors and processing methods are elucidated. Next, the focus is on the additive modification and design of electrodes through various precursor engineering strategies to optimize their structural and surface properties. Lastly, this review also discusses the current dilemmas faced by the four types of precursor engineering and explores future directions. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the further innovation and production application of VRFB electrode materials.
Enhanced Transformation Kinetics of Polysulfides Enabled by Synergistic Catalysis of Functional Graphitic Carbon Nitride for High‐Performance Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Chen Peng , Huang Tianyu , Wei Tianyu , Ding Bing , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: December 2024

The introduction of an electrocatalyst to accelerate the kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) reduction/oxidation is beneficial to enhance the capacity of sulfur cathode and inhibit the shuttling effect of LiPSs. However, current electrocatalysts mainly focus on the metal‐based active sites to reduce the reaction barriers, and there remains a great challenge in developing light‐weighted metal‐free catalysts. In this work, 1D graphitic carbon nitride nanorods (g‐C3N4‐NRs) with carboxyl (─COOH) and acylamide (─CONH2) functional groups are designed as metal‐free electrocatalysts for lithium‐sulfur batteries to accelerate the transport of Li+ and the conversion of LiPSs. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that the existence of ─COOH group realizes the adsorption of LiPSs and accelerates the transport of Li+, while the ─CONH2 groups reduce the reaction energy barrier of S8 to Li2S. In addition, in situ UV–vis and Li2S nucleation/dissociation experiments also verify that g‐C3N4‐NRs achieve rapid adsorption and transformation of LiPSs under the synergistic action of ─COOH and ─CONH2 functional groups. Consequently, the sulfur cathode based on the g‐C3N4‐NRs‐PP separator remains at a specific capacity of 700.3 mAh g−1 after 70 cycles at 0.2 C, at 0 °C. This work provides a new strategy for breaking through the bottleneck of metal‐free catalysts for high‐performance lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Electro‐ and Photo‐ Dual Responsive Chromatic Devices for High‐Contrast Dimmers
Authors: Wang Bin , Liu Pengcheng , Zhao Feifei , Huang Bingkun , Zhang Wu , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y. , Liu Linhua , Yu William W. , Li Haizeng
Published: December 2024

Electrochromism stands out as a highly promising technology for applications including variable optical attenuators, optical switches, transparent displays, and dynamic windows. The pursuit of high‐contrast tunability in electrochromic devices remains a challenging goal. Here, the first photochromic hydrogel electrolyte is reported for electro‐ and photo‐dual responsive chromatic devices that yield a high transmittance contrast at 633 nm (ΔT = 83.1%), along with a tinted transmittance below 1.5%. Such high‐contrast devices not only hold great promise for dynamic windows but also enable seamless transitions between transparent augmented reality (AR) glass and opaque virtual reality (VR) glass. These findings introduce an innovative strategy for the design of high‐contrast dimmers, opening new avenues for the development of chromatic devices.
In Operando Locally‐Resolved Photophysics in Perovskite Solar Cells by Correlation Clustering Imaging
Authors: Louis Boris , Seth Sudipta , An Qingzhi , Ji Ran , Vaynzof Yana , Hofkens Johan , Scheblykin Ivan G.
Published: December 2024

The instability of metal halide perovskites limits the commercialization of solar cells despite their impressive efficiencies. This instability, driven by photo‐induced ion migration, leads to material restructuring, defect formation, degradation, and defect healing. However, these same “unwanted” properties enable to propose Correlation Clustering Imaging (CLIM), a technique that detects local photoluminescence (PL) fluctuations through wide‐field fluorescence microscopy. It is shown that such fluctuations are present in high‐quality perovskites and their corresponding solar cells. CLIM successfully visualizes the polycrystalline grain structure in perovskite films, closely matching electron microscopy images. The analysis of fluctuations reveals a dominant metastable defect responsible for the fluctuations. In solar cells in short‐circuit conditions, these fluctuations are significantly larger, and corresponding correlated regions extend up to 10 micrometers, compared to 2 micrometers in films. It is proposed that the regions resolved by CLIM in solar cells possess a common pool of charge extraction channels, which fluctuate and cause PL to vary. Since PL fluctuations reflect non‐radiative recombination processes, CLIM provides valuable insights into the structural and functional dynamics of carrier transport, ion migration, defect behavior, and recombination losses. CLIM offers a non‐invasive approach to understanding luminescent materials and devices in operando, utilizing contrasts based on previously untapped properties.
The Critical Isomerization Effect of Core Bromination on Nonfullerene Acceptors in Achieving High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss
Authors: Liu Kerui , Jiang Yuanyuan , Liu Feng , Ran Guangliu , Wang Mengni , Wang Wenxuan , Zhang Wenkai , Wei Zhixiang , Hou Jianhui , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: December 2024

Highly efficient nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) for organic solar cells (OSCs) with low energy loss (Eloss) and favorable morphology are critical for breaking the efficiency bottleneck and achieving commercial applications of OSCs. In this work, quinoxaline‐based NFAs are designed and synthesized using a synergistic isomerization and bromination approach. The π‐expanded quinoxaline‐fused core exhibits different bromination sites for isomeric NFAs, namely AQx‐21 and AQx‐22. Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the isomerization effect of core bromination significantly influences molecular intrinsic properties, including electrostatic potentials, polarizability, dielectric constant, exciton binding energy, crystallinity, and miscibility with donor materials, thereby improving molecular packing and bulk‐heterojunction morphology. Consequently, the AQx‐22‐based blend exhibits enhanced crystallinity, reduced domain size, and optimized phase distribution, which facilitates charge transport, suppresses charge recombination, and improves charge extraction. The AQx‐22‐treated OSCs obtain an impressive efficiency of 19.5% with a remarkable open‐circuit voltage of 0.970 V and a low Eloss of 0.476 eV. This study provides deep insights into NFA design and elucidates the potential working mechanisms for optimizing morphology and device performance through isomerization engineering of core bromination, highlighting its significance in advancing OSC technology.
Large Dipole Moment Enhanced CO2 Adsorption on Copper Surface: Achieving 68.9% Catalytic Ethylene Faradaic Efficiency at 1.0 A cm−2
Authors: Lu Chenbao , He Qichuan , Huang Senhe , Shi Pengfei , Yang Chongqing , Zhang Jichao , Zhu Jinhui , Zhang Juan , Wang Tianfu , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: December 2024

The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into hydrocarbon products emerges as a pivotal sustainable strategy for carbon utilization. Cu‐based catalysts are currently prioritized as the most effective means for this process, yet it remains a long‐term goal to achieve high product selectivity at elevated current densities. This study delved into exploring the influence of a topological poly(2‐aminoazulene) with a substantial dipole moment on modulating the Cu surface dipole field to augment the catalytic activity involved in CO2 reduction. The resulting Cu/poly(2‐aminoazulene) heterojunction showcases a remarkable ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 68.9% even at a substantial current density of 1 A cm−2. Through in situ Raman and in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, poly(2‐aminoazulene)‐modified Cu electrode exhibits a heightened concentration of intermediates as compared to the bare Cu, proving advantageous for C−C dimerization. Theoretical calculations demonstrate the reduced energy barrier for C−C dimerization, and meanwhile impeding hydrogen evolution reaction on Cu/poly(2‐aminoazulene) heterojunction, which are beneficial to CO2 reduction. The catalyst design in this study, incorporating dipole moment considerations, not only investigates the influence of dipole moment on electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction but also pioneers an innovative strategy to augment catalytic activity by elevating the micro‐concentration of reactants on catalyst surfaces.
D2HGDH Deficiency Regulates Seizures through GSH/Prdx6/ROS‐Mediated Excitatory Synaptic Activity
Authors: Zhang Zhijuan , Zhang Hui , Zhang Peng , Li Rong , Zhou Jinyu , Li Jiyuan , Hu Danmei , Huang Rui , Tang Fenglin , Liu Jie , Xu Demei , Zhang Chenlu , Tian Xin , Ma Yuanlin , Kwan Patrick
Published: December 2024

Current antiepileptic drugs are ineffective in one‐third of patients with epilepsy; however, identification of genes involved in epilepsy can enable a precision medicine approach. Here, it is demonstrated that downregulating D‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) enhances susceptibility to epilepsy. Furthermore, its potential involvement in the seizure network through synaptic function modulation is investigated. D2HGDH knockdown reduces the glutathione reduced (GSH)/glutathione oxidized (GSSG) ratio and elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within neurons. Oxidative stress may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The specific contribution of each pathway varies among patients, highlighting the complexity of this disease. In this study, downregulation of D2HGDH affects modulation of ROS levels, synaptic transmission, and seizure susceptibility. Furthermore, the acid calcium‐independent phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) inhibitor, MJ33, restores the GSH/GSSG balance and reverses the increase in ROS levels caused by D2HGDH knockdown, resulting in remission of epilepsy‐related behaviors. The results demonstrate that downregulation of D2HGDH affects synaptic function by regulating ROS production. These findings support the use of targeted gene therapy as a potential alternative to antioxidant‐based treatments for refractory epilepsy.
Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Cooperates with SLC7A11 to Promote Disulfidptosis and Suppress Tumor Growth upon Glucose Limitation
Authors: Wang Jin , Chen Jing , Fan Kexin , Wang Minglin , Gao Min , Ren Yakun , Wu Shaobo , He Qian , Tu Kangsheng , Xu Qiuran , Zhang Yilei
Published: December 2024

Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered type of regulated cell death triggered by disulfide bond accumulation and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) depletion due to glucose deprivation. However, the regulatory mechanisms involving additional cellular circuits remain unclear. Excessive disulfide bond accumulation can impair endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and activate the ER stress response. In this study, we found that SLC7A11‐mediated disulfidptosis upon glucose deprivation is accompanied by ER stress induction. Pharmacological inhibition of SLC7A11‐mediated cystine uptake or cystine withdrawal not only blocks disulfidptosis under glucose starvation but also suppresses the ER stress response, indicating a close link between these processes. Moreover, inhibitors targeting the ER stress response promote disulfidptosis, while ER stress inducers suppress glucose starvation‐induced disulfidptosis in SLC7A11‐high‐expressing cells, suggesting a protective role for ER stress during disulfidptosis. Similar effects are observed in cells treated with glucose transporter inhibitors (GLUTi). Finally, combined treatment with ER stress inhibitors and GLUTi significantly suppresses tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo by inducing disulfide stress and subsequent disulfidptosis. In summary, these findings reveal a novel role for ER stress in regulating disulfidptosis and provide theoretical insights into the potential application of GLUTi and ER stress inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures are Linked to Enhanced Antitumor Immunity and Better Prognosis in Muscle‐Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Lin Jiaxing , Jiang Shan , Chen Baoqiang , Du Yiqing , Qin Caipeng , Song Yuxuan , Peng Yun , Ding Mengting , Wu Jilin , Lin Yihan , Xu Tao
Published: December 2024

The prognosis for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains poor, and reliable prognostic markers have yet to be identified. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) have been associated with favorable outcomes in certain cancers. However, the relationship between TLS and MIBC remains unclear. A multi‐omics approach is utilized, leveraging single‐cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, bulk RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry, to investigate the roles of B cells and TLS in MIBC. These findings indicate that elevated levels of B cells and TLS correlate with improved prognoses in patients with MIBC, aligning with the robust antitumor immune responses observed in the TLS region. From a mechanistic perspective, CXCL13 serves as a critical cytokine for TLS formation in MIBC, primarily secreted by clonally expanded CXCL13+ T cells. This cytokine interacts with the CXCR5 receptor on NR4A2+ B cells, promoting TLS development. Plasma cells arising within the TLS microenvironment predominantly produce the IGHG antibody, potentially enhancing the phagocytic capabilities of C1QC+ macrophages. From an application standpoint, a TLS‐specific gene signature is developed that effectively predicts outcomes in MIBC and other cancers. This study highlights the prognostic potential of TLS in MIBC and reveals immune mechanisms, offering insights for personalized treatment strategies.
Targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Lipid Nanoparticles Elicits Therapeutic Genome Editing in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Masarwy Razan , Breier Dor , Stotsky‐Oterin Lior , Ad‐El Nitay , Qassem Shahd , Naidu Gonna Somu , Aitha Anjaiah , Ezra Assaf , Goldsmith Meir , Hazan‐Halevy Inbal , Peer Dan
Published: December 2024

Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) originate in the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Current treatments of locally advanced HNSCC often lead to high treatment failure, and disease recurrence, resulting in poor survival rates. Advances in mRNA technologies and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems led to several clinical trials involving LNP‐CRISPR‐Cas9 mRNA‐based therapeutics. Despite these advances, achieving cell‐type‐specific extrahepatic mRNA delivery is still challenging. This study introduces a safe and effective intratumoral EGFR‐targeted CRISPR‐LNP delivery strategy for knocking out SOX2, which is a cancer‐specific gene. To assess their therapeutic potential, it is shown that LNPs made from ionizable lipids with helper lipids co‐encapsulating Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA targeting SOX2 (sgSOX2), lead to a ≈60% reduction in HNSCC cell viability in vitro. Next, using a xenograft HNSCC mouse model, targeted delivery of 𝜶EGFR‐ CRISPR‐sgSOX2‐LNPs to HNSCC cells resulted in a 90% inhibition of tumor growth and a 90% increase in survival for > 84 days, with tumor disappearance observed in 50% of the mice. These findings emphasize the potential of targeted mRNA‐Cas9‐LNPs in clinically accessible solid tumors, specifically in reaching tumor cells and inducing persistent therapeutic responses in tumors with high‐recurrence rates like HNSCC.
Rare‐Earth Substitution Induced Symmetry Breaking for The First Sc‐Based Nonlinear Optical Chalcogenide with High‐Performance
Authors: Zhao Chen‐Yi , Hu Chun‐Li , Suen Nian‐Tzu , Li Xiao‐Hui , Xu Hai‐Ping , Zhou Wenfeng , Guo Sheng‐Ping
Published: December 2024

Chalcogenides are the most important infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) material candidates, and the exploration of high‐performance ones is attractive and challengeable. Hitherto, there is no NLO scandium (Sc) chalcogenides experimentally studied. Here, new quaternary Sc thiophosphate CsScP2S7 (CSPS) was synthesized by the facile metal oxide‐boron‐sulfur/reactive flux hybrid solid‐state method. It crystallizes in the monoclinic chiral space group C2, and the layered structure is composed by the new ScP2S11 functional motifs built by ScS6 octahedra and P2S7 dimers, and the structure‐performance analysis reveals that the hyperpolarizability of ScP2S11 is much greater than the assembled units (ScS6 and PS4), which makes the first NLO Sc chalcogenide CSPS exhibits strong NLO response (0.8 × AGS) and high laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT) (4.3 × AGS), and a wide bandgap of 3.10 eV. With the coordination number's reduction of rare‐earth (RE) ion and the rearrangement of P2S7 dimers, the centrosymmetric structure of CsREP2S7 family can be broken via substitution with the smallest RE element Sc to form the noncentrosymmetric structure. This work not only discovers a new high‐performance infrared NLO material, but also will inspire researchers to explore more potential NLO Sc chalcogenides.
Manipulation of Surface Potential Distribution Enhances Osteogenesis by Promoting Pro‐Angiogenic Macrophage Polarization via Activation of the PI3K‐Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cui Qun , Zheng Xiaona , Bai Yunyang , Guo Yaru , Liu Shuo , Lu Yanhui , Liu Lulu , Song Jia , Liu Yang , Heng Boon Chin , You Fuping , Xu Mingming , Deng Xuliang , Zhang Xuehui
Published: December 2024

Regulation of the immune response is key to promoting bone regeneration by electroactive biomaterials. However, how electrical signals at the micro‐ and nanoscale regulate the immune response and subsequent angiogenesis during bone regeneration remains to be elucidated. Here, the distinctly different surface potential distributions on charged poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) matrix surfaces are established by altering the dimensions of ferroelectric nanofillers from 0D BaTiO3 nanoparticles (homogeneous surface potential distribution, HOPD) to 1D BaTiO3 nanofibers (heterogeneous surface potential distribution, HEPD). Compared to HOPD, HEPD is significantly better at inducing the M2 polarization of macrophages and promoting neovascularization, which results in accelerated bone regeneration in vivo. The transcriptomic analysis reveals that macrophages modulated by HEPD display high expression levels of pro‐angiogenic genes, which is corroborated by tube‐formation assays, RT‐qPCR, and western blot analyses in vitro. Mechanistic explorations elucidate activation of the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, which in turn induces the polarization of macrophages toward a pro‐angiogenic phenotype. This study elucidates the cascade of biological processes by which heterogeneous electrical signals at the micro‐ and nanoscale modulate macrophage functions to promote vascularization and bone regeneration. Hence, this study provides new insights into how the micro‐ and nanoscale distribution characteristics of electrical signals facilitate bone regeneration.
Interfacial Engineering of Metal Chalcogenides‐based Heterostructures for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yuxiang , Han Bo , Tan Shuangshuang , Gao Qiang , Cai Zhao , Zhou Chenggang , Li Jiantao , Sun Ruimin , Amine Khalil
Published: December 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have become one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage applications. Metal chalcogenides anode materials based on alloying or conversion reactions are widely studied because of their high theoretical capacities and rich redox reactions. However, their intrinsic limitations such as high voltage hysteresis and large volume expansion hinder their further applications. The construction of heterostructures has become an attractive strategy to alleviate the above issues. The formation of built in electric fields (BIEFs) at the heterointerfaces will accelerate the migration of Na+ and electrons. Moreover, heterostructures can also enhance the structural stability, generate more active sites and provide additional capacity. It is worth noting that heterointerfacial properties play a significant role in promoting the overall electrochemical performance of the heterostructures. However, a systematic understanding of their interfacial engineering is currently lacking. This article reviews the research progress of metal chalcogenides‐based heterostructure anode materials in the near term. First, the definition, classification and the roles of heterostructures are introduced. Second, the detailed research progress of the metal chalcogenide‐based heterostructures anodes in SIBs is discussed. Finally, the future prospects and potential research directions of the heterostructures for batteries are discussed.