bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double Jeopardy in Penetrating Trauma: Get FAST, Get It Right
Authors: Matsushima Kazuhide , Khor Desmond , Berona Kristin , Antoku Derek , Dollbaum Ryan , Khan Moazzam , Demetriades Demetrios
Published: August 2017

Background

In hypotensive patients with thoracoabdominal penetrating injuries, trauma surgeons often face a considerable dilemma, which cavities and when to explore. We hypothesized that the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) would be accurate enough to determine the need and sequence of cavity exploration.

Methods

We conducted a 4‐year retrospective study at a level 1 trauma center with high penetrating trauma volume. Patients with potential multi‐cavity thoracoabdominal injuries were selected based on the location and number of external wounds. Findings in the operation or on computed tomography were used as references to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of pericardial and abdominal FAST.

Results

A total of 2851 patients with penetrating injury were admitted from 2012 to 2015. Of those, 103 patients (3.6%) met our inclusion criteria (stab wounds 56.3%, gunshot wounds 43.7%). Median age: 32, male gender: 89.3%, median injury severity score: 17, in‐hospital mortality rate: 11.7%. Thirty‐seven patients (35.9%) required surgical exploration of more than one cavity. Although the pericardial FAST was falsely negative in only one case with large left hemothorax, all cardiac injuries were treated without delay (12/13, 92.3% sensitivity). Sensitivity and specificity of the abdominal FAST was 68.5 and 93.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

In hypotensive patients following penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries, the pericardial FAST was highly sensitive and could reliably determine the need to explore the pericardium. While positive findings of abdominal FAST warrant an exploratory laparotomy, negative abdominal FAST does not exclude the abdominal cavity as a bleeding source.
Self-similar rupture of thin films of power-law fluids on a substrate
Authors: Garg Vishrut , Kamat Pritish M. , Anthony Christopher R. , Thete Sumeet S. , Basaran Osman A.
Published: August 2017

Thinning and rupture of a thin film of a power-law fluid on a solid substrate under the balance between destabilizing van der Waals pressure and stabilizing capillary pressure is analysed. In a power-law fluid, viscosity is not constant but is proportional to the deformation rate raised to the $n-1$ power, where $0<n\leqslant 1$ is the power-law exponent ($n=1$ for a Newtonian fluid). In the first part of the paper, use is made of the slenderness of the film and the lubrication approximation is applied to the equations of motion to derive a spatially one-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation for film thickness. The variation with time remaining until rupture of the film thickness, the lateral length scale, fluid velocity and viscosity is determined analytically and confirmed by numerical simulations for both line rupture and point rupture. The self-similarity of the numerically computed film profiles in the vicinity of the location where the film thickness is a minimum is demonstrated by rescaling of the transient profiles with the scales deduced from theory. It is then shown that, in contrast to films of Newtonian fluids undergoing rupture for which inertia is always negligible, inertia can become important during thinning of films of power-law fluids in certain situations. The critical conditions for which inertia becomes important and the lubrication approximation is no longer valid are determined analytically. In the second part of the paper, thinning and rupture of thin films of power-law fluids in situations when inertia is important are simulated by solving numerically the spatially two-dimensional, transient Cauchy momentum and continuity equations. It is shown that as such films continue to thin, a change of scaling occurs from a regime in which van der Waals, capillary and viscous forces are important to one where the dominant balance of forces is between van der Waals, capillary and inertial forces while viscous force is negligible.
Onset of convection induced by centrifugal buoyancy in a rotating cavity
Authors: Pitz Diogo B. , Marxen Olaf , Chew John W.
Published: August 2017

Flows induced by centrifugal buoyancy occur in rotating systems in which the centrifugal force is large when compared to other body forces and are of interest for geophysicists and also in engineering problems involving rapid rotation and unstable temperature gradients. In this numerical study we analyse the onset of centrifugal buoyancy in a rotating cylindrical cavity bounded by two plane, insulated disks, adopting a geometrical configuration relevant to fundamental studies of buoyancy-induced flows occurring in gas turbine’s internal air systems. Using linear stability analysis, we obtain critical values of the centrifugal Rayleigh number $Ra$ and corresponding critical azimuthal wavenumbers for the onset of convection for different radius ratios. Using direct numerical simulation, we integrate the solutions starting from a motionless state to which small sinusoidal perturbations are added, and show that nonlinear triadic interactions occur before energy saturation takes place. At the lowest Rayleigh number considered, the final state is a limit-cycle oscillation affected by the presence of the disks, having a spectrum dominated by a certain mode and its harmonics. We show that, for this case, the limit-cycle oscillations only develop when no-slip end walls are present. For the largest $Ra$ considered chaotic motion occurs, but the critical wavenumber obtained from the linear analysis eventually becomes the most energetic even in the turbulent regime.
Cross-Disorder Cognitive Impairments in Youth Referred for Neuropsychiatric Evaluation
Authors: Doyle Alysa E. , Vuijk Pieter J. , Doty Nathan D. , McGrath Lauren M. , Willoughby Brian L. , O’Donnell Ellen H. , Wilson H. Kent , Colvin Mary K. , Toner Deanna C. , Hudson Kelsey E. , Blais Jessica E. , Ditmars Hillary L. , Faraone Stephen V. , Seidman Larry J. , Braaten Ellen B.
Published: August 2017

Objectives:Studies suggest that impairments in some of the same domains of cognition occur in different neuropsychiatric conditions, including those known to share genetic liability. Yet, direct, multi-disorder cognitive comparisons are limited, and it remains unclear whether overlapping deficits are due to comorbidity. We aimed to extend the literature by examining cognition across different neuropsychiatric conditions and addressing comorbidity.Methods:Subjects were 486 youth consecutively referred for neuropsychiatric evaluation and enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Genetic Influences on Cognition. First, we assessed general ability, reaction time variability (RTV), and aspects of executive functions (EFs) in youth with non-comorbid forms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as in youth with psychosis. Second, we determined the impact of comorbid ADHD on cognition in youth with ASD and mood disorders.Results:For EFs (working memory, inhibition, and shifting/ flexibility), we observed weaknesses in all diagnostic groups when participants’ own ability was the referent. Decrements were subtle in relation to published normative data. For RTV, weaknesses emerged in youth with ADHD and mood disorders, but trend-level results could not rule out decrements in other conditions. Comorbidity with ADHD did not impact the pattern of weaknesses for youth with ASD or mood disorders but increased the magnitude of the decrement in those with mood disorders.Conclusions:Youth with ADHD, mood disorders, ASD, and psychosis show EF weaknesses that are not due to comorbidity. Whether such cognitive difficulties reflect genetic liability shared among these conditions requires further study. (JINS, 2018,24, 91–103)
Media Use, Democratic Values, and Political Participation: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: CHANG WEN-CHUN
Published: August 2017

This paper extends understanding of the relationship between media use and attitudes toward democratic values. We employ the two-step estimation approach to examine the relationship between media use and attitudes toward democratic values as well as consequential association with political participation. The empirical results show that media use to obtain news information is positively related to attitudes toward democratic values. The findings also note that attitudes toward democratic values are positively associated with engagement in politics. The results support the argument that media use is significant for shaping citizens’ attitudes toward democratic values by providing information about public affairs and expanding citizens’ understanding about democratic politics. As such, media use facilitates democratic socialization and leads to more involvement in political behaviors.
Revealing and exploiting hierarchical material structure through complex atomic networks
Authors: Ahnert Sebastian E. , Grant William P. , Pickard Chris J.
Published: August 2017

One of the great challenges of modern science is to faithfully model, and understand, matter at a wide range of scales. Starting with atoms, the vastness of the space of possible configurations poses a formidable challenge to any simulation of complex atomic and molecular systems. We introduce a computational method to reduce the complexity of atomic configuration space by systematically recognising hierarchical levels of atomic structure, and identifying the individual components. Given a list of atomic coordinates, a network is generated based on the distances between the atoms. Using the technique of modularity optimisation, the network is decomposed into modules. This procedure can be performed at different resolution levels, leading to a decomposition of the system at different scales, from which hierarchical structure can be identified. By considering the amount of information required to represent a given modular decomposition we can furthermore find the most succinct descriptions of a given atomic ensemble. Our straightforward, automatic and general approach is applied to complex crystal structures. We show that modular decomposition of these structures considerably simplifies configuration space, which in turn can be used in discovery of novel crystal structures, and opens up a pathway towards accelerated molecular dynamics of complex atomic ensembles. The power of this approach is demonstrated by the identification of a possible allotrope of boron containing 56 atoms in the primitive unit cell, which we uncover using an accelerated structure search, based on a modular decomposition of a known dense phase of boron, γ-B28.
Increased risk of low birth weight in women with placental malaria associated with P. falciparum VAR2CSA clade
Authors: Patel Jaymin C. , Hathaway Nicholas J. , Parobek Christian M. , Thwai Kyaw L. , Madanitsa Mwayiwawo , Khairallah Carole , Kalilani-Phiri Linda , Mwapasa Victor , Massougbodji Achille , Fievet Nadine , Bailey Jeffery A. , ter Kuile Feiko O. , Deloron Philippe , Engel Stephanie M. , Taylor Steve M. , Juliano Jonathan J. , Tuikue Ndam Nicaise , Meshnick Steven R.
Published: August 2017

Pregnancy associated malaria (PAM) causes adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes owing to Plasmodium falciparum accumulation in the placenta. Placental accumulation is mediated by P. falciparum protein VAR2CSA, a leading PAM-specific vaccine target. The extent of its antigen diversity and impact on clinical outcomes remain poorly understood. Through amplicon deep-sequencing placental malaria samples from women in Malawi and Benin, we assessed sequence diversity of VAR2CSA’s ID1-DBL2x region, containing putative vaccine targets and estimated associations of specific clades with adverse birth outcomes. Overall, var2csa diversity was high and haplotypes subdivided into five clades, the largest two defined by homology to parasites strains, 3D7 or FCR3. Across both cohorts, compared to women infected with only FCR3-like variants, women infected with only 3D7-like variants delivered infants with lower birthweight (difference: −267.99 g; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: −466.43 g,−69.55 g) and higher odds of low birthweight (<2500 g) (Odds Ratio [OR] 5.41; 95% CI:0.99,29.52) and small-for-gestational-age (OR: 3.65; 95% CI: 1.01,13.38). In two distinct malaria-endemic African settings, parasites harboring 3D7-like variants of VAR2CSA were associated with worse birth outcomes, supporting differential effects of infection with specific parasite strains. The immense diversity coupled with differential clinical effects of this diversity suggest that an effective VAR2CSA-based vaccine may require multivalent activity.
Automated Training of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Cell Segmentation
Authors: Sadanandan Sajith Kecheril , Ranefall Petter , Le Guyader Sylvie , Wählby Carolina
Published: August 2017

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) have recently emerged as superior for many image segmentation tasks. The DCNN performance is however heavily dependent on the availability of large amounts of problem-specific training samples. Here we show that DCNNs trained on ground truth created automatically using fluorescently labeled cells, perform similar to manual annotations.
Erratum: Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs violating Bell’s inequality
Authors: Jöns Klaus D. , Schweickert Lucas , Versteegh Marijn A. M. , Dalacu Dan , Poole Philip J. , Gulinatti Angelo , Giudice Andrea , Zwiller Val , Reimer Michael E.
Published: August 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Engineering self-organising helium bubble lattices in tungsten
Authors: Harrison R. W. , Greaves G. , Hinks J. A. , Donnelly S. E.
Published: August 2017

The self-organisation of void and gas bubbles in solids into superlattices is an intriguing nanoscale phenomenon. Despite the discovery of these lattices 45 years ago, the atomistics behind the ordering mechanisms responsible for the formation of these nanostructures are yet to be fully elucidated. Here we report on the direct observation via transmission electron microscopy of the formation of bubble lattices under He ion bombardment. By careful control of the irradiation conditions, it has been possible to engineer the bubble size and spacing of the superlattice leading to important conclusions about the significance of vacancy supply in determining the physical characteristics of the system. Furthermore, no bubble lattice alignment was observed in the <111> directions pointing to a key driving mechanism for the formation of these ordered nanostructures being the two-dimensional diffusion of self-interstitial atoms.
Dynamics of spatiotemporal line defects and chaos control in complex excitable systems
Authors: Hörning Marcel , Blanchard François , Isomura Akihiro , Yoshikawa Kenichi
Published: August 2017

Spatiotemporal pattern formation governs dynamics and functions in various biological systems. In the heart, excitable waves can form complex oscillatory and chaotic patterns even at an abnormally higher frequency than normal heart beats, which increase the risk of fatal heart conditions by inhibiting normal blood circulation. Previous studies suggested that line defects (nodal lines) play a critical role in stabilizing those undesirable patterns. However, it remains unknown if the line defects are static or dynamically changing structures in heart tissue. Through in vitro experiments of heart tissue observation, we reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of line defects in rotating spiral waves. We combined a novel signaling over-sampling technique with a multi-dimensional Fourier analysis, showing that line defects can translate, merge, collapse and form stable singularities with even and odd parity while maintaining a stable oscillation of the spiral wave in the tissue. These findings provide insights into a broad class of complex periodic systems, with particular impact to the control and understanding of heart diseases.
Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with More Severe Brain Spontaneous Activity Impairment and Gray Matter Loss in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Yun Fei , Kong Xiang , Lu Guang Ming , Zhang Long Jiang
Published: August 2017

Recent studies showed many cirrhosis patients may have diabetes mellitus (DM), however, the effect of DM on brain in cirrhotic patients is unclear. This study included 34 cirrhosis patients (17 with DM, 17 without DM) and 17 age-, sex-matched healthy controls. MRI examination and neuropsychological tests were performed. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and voxel-based morphometry algorithms were used to obtain fALFF values and gray matter volume, which were compared and correlated with clinical variables. In cirrhosis patients with and without DM, fALFF values were decreased in the left postcentral gyrus, right precentral gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, bilateral lingual gyri and occipital lobe, while increased in the left orbital frontal gyrus. Gray matter volume was decreased in bilateral caudates and putamen, while increased in bilateral thalami. Compared with non-DM cirrhosis patients, DM cirrhosis patients showed decreased fALFF values in bilateral caudates and decreased gray matter volume in bilateral thalami. The blood glucose levels of cirrhosis patients showed negative correlations with fALFF values in bilateral caudates and gray matter volume in bilateral thalami. In conclusion, DM aggravates brain damage in cirrhosis patients. Thus, it is important to pay more attention to the management of DM in cirrhotic patients.
Nanoparticle-based Plasmonic Transduction for Modulation of Electrically Excitable Cells
Authors: Bazard Parveen , Frisina Robert D. , Walton Joseph P. , Bhethanabotla Venkat R.
Published: August 2017

There is a compelling need for the development of new sensory and neural prosthetic devices which are capable of more precise point stimulation. Current prosthetic devices suffer from the limitation of low spatial resolution due to the non-specific stimulation characteristics of electrical stimulation, i.e., the spread of electric fields generated. We present a visible light stimulation method for modulating the firing patterns of electrically-excitable cells using surface plasmon resonance phenomena. In in-vitro studies using gold (Au) nanoparticle-coated nanoelectrodes, we show that this method (substrate coated with nanoparticles) has the potential for incorporating this new technology into neural stimulation prosthetics, such as cochlear implants for the deaf, with very high spatial resolution. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were coated on micropipettes using aminosilane linkers; and these micropipettes were used for stimulating and inhibiting the action potential firing patterns of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Our findings pave the way for development of biomedical implants and neural testing devices using nanoelectrodes capable of temporally and spatially precise excitation and inhibition of electrically-excitable cellular activity.
Nanostructured plasmonic metapixels
Authors: Williams Calum , Rughoobur Girish , Flewitt Andrew J. , Wilkinson Timothy D.
Published: August 2017

State-of-the-art pixels for high-resolution microdisplays utilize reflective surfaces on top of electrical backplanes. Each pixel is a single fixed color and will usually only modulate the amplitude of light. With the rise of nanophotonics, a pixel’s relatively large surface area (~10 μm2), is in effect underutilized. Considering the unique optical phenomena associated with plasmonic nanostructures, the scope for use in reflective pixel technology for increased functionality is vast. Yet in general, low reflectance due to plasmonic losses, and sub-optimal design schemes, have limited the real-world application. Here we demonstrate the plasmonic metapixel; which permits high reflection capability whilst providing vivid, polarization switchable, wide color gamut filtering. Ultra-thin nanostructured metal-insulator-metal geometries result in the excitation of hybridized absorption modes across the visible spectrum. These modes include surface plasmons and quasi-guided modes, and by tailoring the absorption modes to exist either side of target wavelengths, we achieve pixels with polarization dependent multicolor reflection on mirror-like surfaces. Because the target wavelength is not part of a plasmonic process, subtractive color filtering and mirror-like reflection occurs. We demonstrate wide color-range pixels, RGB pixel designs, and in-plane Gaussian profile pixels that have the potential to enable new functionality beyond that of a conventional ‘square’ pixel.
Contribution of cropland to the spread of Shiga toxin phages and the emergence of new Shiga toxin-producing strains
Authors: Quirós Pablo , Muniesa Maite
Published: August 2017

A growing interest in healthy eating has lead to an increase in the consumption of vegetables, associated with a rising number of bacterial outbreaks related to fresh produce. This is the case of the outbreak in Germany, caused by a O104:H4 enteroaggregative E. coli strain lysogenic for a Stx phage. Temperate Stx phages released from their hosts occur as free particles in various environments. This study reports the occurrence of Stx phages in vegetables (lettuce, cucumber, and spinach) and cropland soil samples. Infectious Stx2 phages were found in all samples and many carried also Stx1 phages. Their persistence in vegetables, including germinated sprouts, of Stx phage 933 W and an E. coli C600 (933 W∆stx::gfp-cat) lysogen used as surrogate, showed reductions below 2 log10 units of both microorganisms at 23 °C and 4 °C over 10 days. Higher reductions (up to 3.9 log10) units were observed in cropland soils at both temperatures. Transduction of a recombinant 933 W∆stx::kan phage was observed in all matrices. Protecting against microbial contamination of vegetables is imperative to ensure a safe food chain. Since the emergence of new Stx strains by Stx phage transduction is possible in vegetable matrices, methods aimed at reducing microbial risks in vegetables should not neglect phages.
Real-Time and Tunable Substrate for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy by Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles via Electrolysis
Authors: Sardari Behzad , Özcan Meriç
Published: August 2017

Here we show the capability of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles formed on copper (Cu) electrodes by the electrolysis as a real time active substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We have experimentally found that using just the ultra pure water as the electrolyte and the Cu electrodes, ions are extracted from the copper anode form copper oxide nanoparticles on the anode surface in matter of minutes. Average particle size on the anode reaches to 100 nm in ninety seconds and grows to about 300 nm in five minutes. This anode is used in Raman experiments in real time as the nanoparticles were forming and the maximum enhancement factor (EF) of Raman signals were over five orders of magnitude. Other metal electrodes made of brass, zinc (Zn), silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al) were also tried for the anode material for a possible real-time substrate for SERS applications. Experimentally obtained enhancement factors were above five orders of magnitude for brass electrodes like the copper but for the other metals no enhancement is observed. Electron microscope images show the cubic nanoparticle formation on copper and brass electrodes but none in the other metals studied.
Low-voltage, High-performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on 2D Crystalline Molecular Semiconductors
Authors: Wang Qijing , Jiang Sai , Qian Jun , Song Lei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yujia , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Yu , Wang Xinran , Shi Yi , Zheng Youdou , Li Yun
Published: August 2017

Two dimensional (2D) molecular crystals have attracted considerable attention because of their promising potential in electrical device applications, such as high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs). However, such devices demand high voltages, thereby considerably increasing power consumption. This study demonstrates the fabrication of organic FETs based on 2D crystalline films as semiconducting channels. The application of high-κ oxide dielectrics allows the transistors run under a low operating voltage (−4 V). The devices exhibited a high electrical performance with a carrier mobility up to 9.8 cm2 V−1 s−1. Further results show that the AlOx layer is beneficial to the charge transport at the conducting channels of FETs. Thus, the device strategy presented in this work is favorable for 2D molecular crystal-based transistors that can operate under low voltages.
Sphingomyelin as a myelin biomarker in CSF of acquired demyelinating neuropathies
Authors: Capodivento Giovanna , Visigalli Davide , Garnero Martina , Fancellu Roberto , Ferrara Michela Demetra , Basit Abdul , Hamid Zeeshan , Pastore Vito Paolo , Garibaldi Silvano , Armirotti Andrea , Mancardi Gianluigi , Serrati Carlo , Capello Elisabetta , Schenone Angelo , Nobbio Lucilla
Published: August 2017

Fast, accurate and reliable methods to quantify the amount of myelin still lack, both in humans and experimental models. The overall objective of the present study was to demonstrate that sphingomyelin (SM) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients affected by demyelinating neuropathies is a myelin biomarker. We found that SM levels mirror both peripheral myelination during development and small myelin rearrangements in experimental models. As in acquired demyelinating peripheral neuropathies myelin breakdown occurs, SM amount in the CSF of these patients might detect the myelin loss. Indeed, quantification of SM in 262 neurological patients showed a significant increase in patients with peripheral demyelination (p = 3.81 * 10 − 8) compared to subjects affected by non-demyelinating disorders. Interestingly, SM alone was able to distinguish demyelinating from axonal neuropathies and differs from the principal CSF indexes, confirming the novelty of this potential CSF index. In conclusion, SM is a specific and sensitive biomarker to monitor myelin pathology in the CSF of peripheral neuropathies. Most importantly, SM assay is simple, fast, inexpensive, and promising to be used in clinical practice and drug development.
TonEBP/NFAT5 haploinsufficiency attenuates hippocampal inflammation in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Lee Jong Youl , Jeong Eun Ae , Kim Kyung Eun , Yi Chin-ok , Jin Zhen , Lee Jung Eun , Lee Dong Hoon , Kim Hyun Joon , Kang Sang Soo , Cho Gyeong Jae , Choi Wan Sung , Choi Soo Youn , Kwon H. Moo , Roh Gu Seob
Published: August 2017

Recent studies have shown that overexpression of tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) is associated with many inflammatory diseases, including diabetes mellitus, which causes neuroinflammation in the hippocampus as well as hepatic steatosis. However, the exact mechanism in diabetic neuroinflammation is unknown. We report that haploinsufficiency of TonEBP inhibits hepatic and hippocampal high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) expression in diabetic mice. Here, mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks and received an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and followed by continued HFD feeding for an additional 4 weeks to induce hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis. Compared with wild-type diabetic mice, diabetic TonEBP+/− mice showed decreased body weight, fat mass, hepatic steatosis, and macrophage infiltration. We also found that adipogenesis and HMGB1 expression in the liver and hippocampus were lower in diabetic TonEBP+/− mice compared with the wild type. Furthermore, iba-1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus was decreased in diabetic TonEBP+/− mice compared with that in the wild type. Our findings suggest that TonEBP haploinsufficiency suppresses diabetes-associated hepatic steatosis and neuroinflammation.
A surface acoustic wave biosensor synergizing DNA-mediated in situ silver nanoparticle growth for a highly specific and signal-amplified nucleic acid assay
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Yang Fan , Sun Zhongyue , Li Yu-Tao , Zhang Guo-Jun
Published: August 2017

An SAW biosensor harmonizes the surface mass effect for signal-amplified and sequence-specific DNA detection in blood serum.
C–H oxidation and chelation of a dipyrromethane mediated rapid colorimetric naked-eye Cu(ii) chemosensor
Authors: Rajmohan Rajamani , Ayaz Ahmed Khan Behlol , Sangeetha Sampathkumar , Anbazhagan Veerappan , Vairaprakash Pothiappan
Published: August 2017

Selective C–H oxidation and chelation of DPMs mediated by copper is demonstrated and utilized in the development of a rapid colorimetric naked-eye Cu(ii) chemosensor.
Ratiometric fluorescence monitoring of cerebral Cu2+ based on coumarin-labeled DNA coupled with the Cu2+-induced oxidation of o-phenylenediamine
Authors: Ma Shishi , Zhou Qiao-Yu , Mu Fang-Ya , Chen Zi-Han , Ding Xu-Yin , Zhang Min , Shi Guoyue
Published: August 2017

A novel ratiometric fluorescence assay for cerebral Cu2+ has been developed based on coumarin-labeled single-stranded DNA coupled with the Cu2+-induced oxidation of o-phenylenediamine.
A new strategy for effective distance regulation of the surface plasmon assisted coupling reaction of p-nitrothiophenol to p,p′-dimercaptoazobenzene
Authors: Xia Lixin , Ma Caiqing , Wang Jing , Wu Shiwei , Liu Yu , Zhang Qian , Song Peng
Published: August 2017

Plasmon assisted reactions on a metal surface occur through a different mechanism compared to traditional reaction conditions.
CO2-Responsive polymer membranes with gas-tunable pore size
Authors: Dong Liangliang , Fan Weizheng , Zhang Hongji , Chen Mingqing , Zhao Yue
Published: August 2017

A novel type of CO2-responsive polymer membrane shows gas-tunable pore size that can be used for size exclusion-based filtration of gold nanoparticles.
Inducing high activity of a thermophilic enzyme at ambient temperatures by directed evolution
Authors: Li Guangyue , Maria-Solano Miguel A. , Romero-Rivera Adrian , Osuna Sílvia , Reetz Manfred T.
Published: August 2017

Turn cool off and stay active: the thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase TbSADH originating from the hot springs of Yellow Stone Park was successfully subjected to directed evolution for inducing high activity at ambient temperatures and enabling short reaction times with minimal tradeoff in thermostability. Reversed enantioselectivity was also evolved (99% ee).
Oxalate-assisted formation of uniform carbon-confined SnO2 nanotubes with enhanced lithium storage
Authors: Han Chunhua , Zhang Baoxuan , Zhao Kangning , Meng Jiashen , He Qiu , He Pan , Yang Wei , Li Qi , Mai Liqiang
Published: August 2017

Smart design of uniform SnO2 nanotubes was developed via a facile and efficient oxalate-assisted “redox etching and precipitating” route between MnOOH nanowires and Sn2+.
Coordination polymers from a flexible alkyldiamine-derived ligand
Authors: Emerson Adrian J. , Hawes Chris S. , Knowles Gregory P. , Chaffee Alan L. , Batten Stuart R. , Turner David R.
Published: August 2017

A traditionally good chelating motif, propanediamine, has been incorporated into a robust coordination framework with vacant amine sites.
Two cadmium coordination polymers based on tris(p-carboxyphenyl) phosphane oxide with highly selective sensing of nitrobenzene derivatives and Hg2+ cations
Authors: Huo Liangqin , Zhang Jie , Gao Lingling , Wang Xiaoqing , Fan Liming , Fang Kegong , Hu Tuoping
Published: August 2017

Based on the tris(p-carboxyphenyl)phosphane oxide ligand, two Cd(ii) CPs were obtained which could highly sense nitrobenzene derivatives and Hg2+ cations.
Does increasing pressure always accelerate the condensed material decay initiated through bimolecular reactions? A case of the thermal decomposition of TKX-50 at high pressures
Authors: Lu Zhipeng , Zeng Qun , Xue Xianggui , Zhang Zengming , Nie Fude , Zhang Chaoyang
Published: August 2017

Increasing compression causes much more significant Hδ+⋯Hδ+ repulsion and then more difficult intermolecular H-transfer and increased thermal stability of TKX-50.
Concentrations of estrogen and progesterone in breast milk and their relationship with the mother's diet
Authors: Lu Mengqing , Xiao Hailong , Li Kelei , Jiang Jiajing , Wu Kejian , Li Duo
Published: August 2017

The aim of the present study was to determine the concentrations of estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and progesterone in breast milk over different lactation periods, and to assess their relationship with the mother's diet.
Interfacial-entropy-driven thermophoretic tweezers
Authors: Lin Linhan , Peng Xiaolei , Mao Zhangming , Wei Xiaoling , Xie Chong , Zheng Yuebing
Published: August 2017

A new type of interfacial-entropy-driven thermophoretic tweezers is demonstrated for versatile particle manipulation.
Label-free ferrohydrodynamic cell separation of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Zhao Wujun , Cheng Rui , Jenkins Brittany D. , Zhu Taotao , Okonkwo Nneoma E. , Jones Courtney E. , Davis Melissa B. , Kavuri Sravan K. , Hao Zhonglin , Schroeder Carsten , Mao Leidong
Published: August 2017

A size-based ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (FCS) device capable of enriching intact circulating tumor cells with high throughput and high recovery rate.
Enhanced efficiency of over 10% in dye-sensitized solar cells through C and N single- and co-doped TiO2 single-layer electrodes
Authors: Asgari Moghaddam H. , Jafari S. , Mohammadi M. R.
Published: August 2017

An efficiency of 10.2% is achieved using substitutional C and interstitial N atoms for C and N single- and co-doped TiO2 DSCs.
Hierarchical porous N-doped carbon supported palladium (Pd/NHPC) as a sustainable catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol with good activity and lifetime
Authors: Wu X. X. , Zhou H.
Published: August 2017

Pd/NHPC synthesized through a facile method exhibited high catalytic activity and reusability toward the reduction of 4-NP.
Synthesis of a bicyclic oxo-γ-lactam from a simple caprolactam derivative
Authors: Weck Christian , Obst Franziska , Nauha Elisa , Schofield Christopher J. , Gruber Tobias
Published: August 2017

Reaction of caprolactams with an axial ester substituent with base gives the 6-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]octane ring system via Dieckmann cyclization.
A flexible metallic actuator using reduced graphene oxide as a multifunctional component
Authors: Meng Junxing , Mu Jiuke , Hou Chengyi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi
Published: August 2017

A novel kind of actuator based on reduced oxidized graphene modified copper foil can be both ultra-flexible and metallic.
Strain and electric-field control of magnetism in supercrystalline iron oxide nanoparticle–BaTiO3 composites
Authors: Wang L.-M. , Petracic O. , Kentzinger E. , Rücker U. , Schmitz M. , Wei X.-K. , Heggen M. , Brückel Th.
Published: August 2017

Magnetic nanoparticle monolayers on ferroelectric BTO substrates were fabricated. Thermal and electric field induced strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling was observed.
A polymer electron donor based on isoindigo units bearing branched oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains for polymer solar cells
Authors: Chen Xingxing , Zhang Zijian , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang
Published: August 2017

The oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains make the polymer donor exhibit good compatibility with PC71BM and consequently show good photovoltaic performance.
Comprehensive investigation of the enzymatic oligomerization of esculin by laccase in ethanol : water mixtures
Authors: Muñiz-Mouro Abel , Oliveira Isabel M. , Gullón Beatriz , Lú-Chau Thelmo A. , Moreira María Teresa , Lema Juan M. , Eibes Gemma
Published: August 2017

The oligomerization of esculin by laccase in aqueous medium resulted in a precipitate fraction with excellent antioxidant properties.
α-Perfluoroalkyl-β-alkynylation of alkenes via radical alkynyl migration
Authors: Tang Xinjun , Studer Armido
Published: August 2017

Transition metal-free radical α-perfluoroalkylation with concomitant β-alkynylation of unactivated alkenes is presented.
Three-dimensional printed cellular stainless steel as a high-activity catalytic electrode for oxygen evolution
Authors: Huang Xiaolei , Chang Shuai , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Ding Jun , Xue Jun Min
Published: August 2017

Three-dimensional printed cellular stainless steel exhibits a high electrochemical surface area and electronic conductivity, which deliver excellent oxygen evolution reaction activity.
The effect of the graphene integration process on the performance of graphene-based Schottky junction solar cells
Authors: Choi Yunseong , Lee Junghyun , Seo Jihyung , Jung Seungon , Kim Ungsoo , Park Hyesung
Published: August 2017

The effect of the graphene integration process on the performance of graphene/silicon-based Schottky junction solar cells is investigated.
Photo-enhanced electrocatalysis of sea-urchin shaped Ni3(VO4)2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chang Bin , Zhao Gang , Shao Yongliang , Zhang Lei , Huang Baibiao , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: August 2017

Under visible light irradiation, photoinduced electrons help the sea-urchin shaped Ni3(VO4)2 electrocatalyst achieve a drastic enhancement of HER activity (Tafel slope of 50 mV per decade) and excellent stability without any cocatalysts.
In situ facile bubble-templated fabrication of new-type urchin-like (Li,Mo)-doped Lix(Mo0.3V0.7)2O5 for Zn2+ storage
Authors: Qu Gan , Zhao Lulu , Jia Shuangfeng , Zheng He , Li Lei , Ma Wenhao , Yang Wanjun , Wang Hai , Tang Yiwen , Wang Jianbo
Published: August 2017

The fabricated new-type urchin-like (Li,Mo)-doped Lix(Mo0.3V0.7)2O5 displays a unique electronic structure and superior storage performance for Zn2+.
Fine-tuning of the confined space in microporous metal–organic frameworks for efficient mercury removal
Authors: Mon Marta , Qu Xiaoni , Ferrando-Soria Jesús , Pellicer-Carreño Isaac , Sepúlveda-Escribano Antonio , Ramos-Fernandez Enrique V. , Jansen Johannes C. , Armentano Donatella , Pardo Emilio
Published: August 2017

We report a novel metal–organic framework showing a very efficient, selective and fast Hg2+removal.
Multiple resistive switching in core–shell ZnO nanowires exhibiting tunable surface states
Authors: Porro S. , Risplendi F. , Cicero G. , Bejtka K. , Milano G. , Rivolo P. , Jasmin A. , Chiolerio A. , Pirri C. F. , Ricciardi C.
Published: August 2017

A ZnO nanowires memristor switching between multiple resistance states. The conductivity of nanowires is tuned by changes in ZnO surface states that are induced at ZnO/polymer interfaces by redox reactions guided by an external bias.
SrTiO3–BaTiO3nanocomposites with temperature independent permittivity and linear tunability fabricated using field-assisted sintering from chemically synthesized powders
Authors: Airimioaei M. , Buscaglia M. T. , Tredici I. , Anselmi-Tamburini U. , Ciomaga C. E. , Curecheriu L. , Bencan A. , Buscaglia V. , Mitoseriu L.
Published: August 2017

SrTiO3–BaTiO3nanocomposite fabricated by high-pressure field-assisted sintering exhibits temperature-stable dielectric permittivity, low losses and acceptable tunability.
Facile synthesis of monodisperse YAG:Ce3+ microspheres with high quantum yield via an epoxide-driven sol–gel route
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Qiao Xvsheng , Wan Jun , Wu Li-ang , Chen Bing , Fan Xianping
Published: August 2017

Monodisperse YAG:Ce3+ microspheres have been synthesized through a fast epoxide-driven sol–gel route and subsequent heat treatment under a reducing atmosphere. The luminescence quantum yield of the 6 mol% Ce3+ ion doped YAG microspheres was more than 90%.
Understanding the structure-determining solid fluorescence of an azaacene derivative
Authors: Gu Pei-Yang , Liu Guangfeng , Zhao Jun , Aratani Naoki , Ye Xin , Liu Yang , Yamada Hiroko , Nie Lina , Zhang Huanxiang , Zhu Jia , Li Dong-Sheng , Zhang Qichun
Published: August 2017

Three different single crystal forms of an azaacene derivative with different fluorescence quantum yields have been obtained and the relationship between their structures and fluorescence have been studied.
Robust adaptive backstepping control for hierarchical multi‐agent systems with signed weights and system uncertainties
Authors: Shi Chong‐Xiao , Yang Guang‐Hong , Li Xiao‐Jian
Published: August 2017

This study is concerned with the robust adaptive backstepping control for hierarchical multi‐agent systems with signed weights and non‐linear system uncertainties. The considered network model is divided into several levels, and the corresponding Laplacian matrix in each level may be non‐positive definiteness due to the existence of signed weights, which can lead to the instability of the whole system. To solve this problem, two definitions on recovery Laplacian and controlled Laplacian are firstly introduced, and by combining with a novel graph theoretical result, an effective robust backstepping control scheme is then developed to ensure the stability of hierarchical multi‐agent systems. In particular, this study is a generalisation of the prior works with non‐negative weights. Finally, an example on hierarchical multi‐vehicle systems is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Realisation of carved and iris groove gap waveguide filter and E‐plane diplexer for V‐band radio link application
Authors: Rezaee Morteza , Zaman Ashraf Uz
Published: August 2017

The gap waveguide technology is a promising candidate as a cost‐effective and low‐loss platform for realizing microwave devices particularly at frequencies higher than 40 GHz. In this study, two types of groove gap waveguide filters and also a diplexer are presented. Coupling mechanism of these filters is based on carving on the pin plate and iris between adjacent cavities. Two fifth‐order Chebyshev filters are realised at 62.5 GHz. The proposed diplexer consists of RX and TX iris groove gap waveguide filters at the centre frequency of 59.5 and 62.5 GHz and an E‐plane groove gap waveguide T‐junction. The required transition of the groove gap waveguide to WR‐15 is designed and used as an input port of the filters. Moreover, E‐plane groove gap waveguide T‐junction is designed as the connecting part of the groove gap waveguide filters to the WR‐15 antenna port. Finally all parts are integrated. The proposed diplexer is manufactured in aluminium by sawing and milling and then silver plating is done. The RX and TX passbands of the diplexer is around 1.7 and 2.4% with the measured return loss better than 13.6 dB and minimum insertion loss of 0.9 and 0.8 dB, respectively.
Constrained robust submodular sensor selection with application to multistatic sonar arrays
Authors: Powers Thomas , Krout David W. , Bilmes Jeff , Atlas Les
Published: August 2017

The authors develop a framework to select a subset of sensors from a field in which the sensors have an ingrained independence structure. Given an arbitrary independence pattern, the authors construct a graph that denotes pairwise independence between sensors, which means those sensors may operate simultaneously without interfering. The set of all fully‐connected subgraphs (cliques) of this independence graph forms the independent sets of matroids over which the authors maximise the average and minimum of a set of submodular objective functions. The average case is submodular, so it can be approximated. The minimum case is both non‐submodular and inapproximable. The authors propose a novel algorithm GENSAT that exploits submodularity and, as a result, returns a near‐optimal solution with approximation guarantees on a relaxed problem that are within a small factor of the average case scenario. The authors apply this framework to ping sequence optimisation for active multistatic sonar arrays by maximising sensor coverage for average and minimum case scenarios and derive lower bounds for minimum probability of detection for a fractional number of targets. In these ping sequence optimisation simulations, GENSAT exceeds the fractional lower bounds and reaches near‐optimal performance, and submodular function optimisation vastly outperforms traditional approaches and nearly achieves optimal performance.
Injizierbare Füllmaterialien – Update und Zukunftsperspektive
Authors: Aitzetmüller Matthias M. , Sukhova Inesa , Huemer Georg M. , Machens Hans-Guenther , Schantz Jan-Thorsten , Duscher Dominik
Published: August 2017

Neben der kosmetischen Verwendung kommen injizierbare Füllmaterialien auch im Bereich der plastisch-rekonstruktiven Therapie von
Kontourdefekten am gesamten Körper zum Einsatz. Das ideale Füllmaterial sollte einfach zu injizieren und gut formbar sein, möglichst lange
im Körper verweilen, weder allergen, kanzerogen noch anfällig für Infekte oder Biofilme sein, jedoch trotzdem potentiell reversibel,
temperaturstabil und billig sein. Es gibt trotz eines großen Forschungsaufwandes in den letzten Jahrzehnten noch immer keinen Filler, der
all diese Kriterien erfüllt. Mittlerweile ist eine breite Palette an Materialien, die unterschiedlichste Charakteristiken aufweisen,
verfügbar. Hyaluronsäure, Kollagen (human oder bovin), Poly-Milchsäure (PLLA), Calcium-Hydroxyapatit (CaHA), Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA),
Silikon und Eigenfett sind zurzeit allesamt in klinischer Anwendung für verschiedenste Indikationen. Bei der Auswahl und Anwendung der
Filler-Materialien muss zwischen Wirkdauer und Komplikationsrate abgewogen werden. Die Verwendung von permanenten Füllmaterialien geht mit
einer erhöhten Rate an Nebenwirkungen wie Erytheme, Ödeme, Abszesse oder Ulzera einher. Die aktuellen Forschungsbemühungen auf industrieller
und universitärer Ebene lassen einen Trend zugunsten der Entwicklung besser biokompatibler und trotzdem länger haltbarer
Augmentationsmaterialien erkennen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll einen Überblick über die momentan gängigsten Filler-Materialien mit ihren
Vor- und Nachteilen bieten und gleichzeitig neue potentiell erfolgreiche Ansätze beleuchten.
Rational design of soft mechanical metamaterials: Independent tailoring of elastic properties with randomness
Authors: Mirzaali M. J. , Hedayati R. , Vena P. , Vergani L. , Strano M. , Zadpoor A. A.
Published: August 2017

The elastic properties of mechanical metamaterials are direct functions of their topological designs. Rational design approaches based on computational models could, therefore, be used to devise topological designs that result in the desired properties. It is of particular importance to independently tailor the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of metamaterials. Here, we present patterned randomness as a strategy for independent tailoring of both properties. Soft mechanical metamaterials incorporating various types of patterned randomness were fabricated using an indirect additive manufacturing technique and mechanically tested. Computational models were also developed to predict the topology-property relationship in a wide range of proposed topologies. The results of this study show that patterned randomness allows for independent tailoring of the elastic properties and covering a broad area of the elastic modulus-Poisson's ratio plane. The uniform and homogenous topologies constitute the boundaries of the covered area, while topological designs with patterned randomness fill the enclosed area.
Effect of shear stress in ferroelectric solid solutions with coexisting phases
Authors: Lu Xiaoyan , Zhang Hangbo , Zheng Limei , Cao Wenwu
Published: August 2017

One common feature of ferroelectric solid solutions with large piezoelectricity is the coexistence of two or more phases. Due to the strain mismatch among coexisting phases, adaptive structures near the interfaces or domain walls develop to maintain the atomic coherency. Shear stresses commonly exist, especially when the domain size is small. The effect of shear stresses on phase morphology in Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 solid solutions with compositions within the morphotropic phase boundary region was studied within the framework of Landau phenomenological theory. Our results show that the coexisting rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases can be modified to form stable or metastable R-like and/or T-like monoclinic phases under shear stresses. Large stresses may also induce first order or second order phase transitions.