bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Traditional Versus Contextualized Approaches in Teaching ESP Vocabulary to Sports Undergraduates
Authors: Kushta Entela , Lile Anduela
Published: February 2025

The current study focuses on the effectiveness of two methods of teaching ESP vocabulary to sports students. A sample of 172 undergraduate students enrolled in the 2023-2024 academic year at the Sports University Tirana participated in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups: the control group was taught sports vocabulary using a traditional teaching approach, while in the experimental group videos and live sports contexts were employed to reinforce new vocabulary. A pre and a post-test vocabulary quiz, assessing their knowledge on sports related words were administered. Also, a comprehensive questionnaire using a 9-point Likert scale was designed to measure the subjects’ attitudes toward the acquisition of ESP. The reliability of this tool was evaluated by using Cronbach's Alpha, thus justifying the validity of the measurement tool. Descriptive statistics summarized the responses of the questionnaires, while a one-way ANOVA was conducted between the two groups regarding the outcomes in terms of ESP proficiency. One-way ANOVA showed the results of statistically significant differences in performance and engagement at p < 0.05. The findings underscore the positive effects of using innovative, context-specific teaching tools in the delivery of ESP programs, hence yielding relevant and interactivity-focused curricula. The existing study offers a valuable evidence of the importance and implications of educational interventions boosting learning outcomes.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SERVICE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN PHNOM PENH'S AND TRANSJAKARTA CITY BUSES
Authors: Sri Setia Lestari  , Jovinda Raffael D.F  , M. Farhan Ahmadani  , Amelia Dwi Alviani  , Roselina Rahmawati  , Nadila Mutiara Faeza  , Rachadyan Narotama  , Vannia Ardelia Amanda
Published: February 2025

The cities of Jakarta and Phnom Penh face the same traffic problems, namely traffic congestion caused by the high number of private vehicle owners in both regions. To get around the problem, public transportation such as TransJakarta and Phnom Penh City Bus are used. The puIDRose of this study is to compare the performance of TransJakarta and Phnom Penh City Bus public transportation systems. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach by comparing the same variables from both case studies. The comparison between TransJakarta and Phnom Penh City Bus public transportation services shows differences in several aspects. The results show that TransJakarta has lower fares, dedicated lanes that reduce congestion, as well as a cashless payment system that increases user convenience. In contrast, Phnom Penh City Bus faces challenges such as higher fares, lack of dedicated lanes, and reliance on cash payments, which hinder its operational efficiency. The contribution of this research emphasizes the importance of applying best practices from TransJakarta in global public transport management, such as the development of user-friendly infrastructure, improved accessibility, and the use of modern technology for payment systems. The findings will provide insights for policy and transport managers in various countries to design a more efficient public transportation system.
Keywords: Public Transportation; TransJakarta; Phnom Penh City Bus.
Histopathology of Rats Intestinal Treated with High-Fat Diet and Neem Leaf Extract
Authors: Azmi Syafanah Nur Hasna  , Isdadiyanto Sri , Janika Sitasiwi Agung
Published: February 2025

The high-fat diet can increase free radicals, which can damage the intestinal histological structure. The ethanolic neem leaf extract contains antioxidants that have the potential to help improve the intestinal histological structure. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of ethanolic neem (A. indica A. Juss) leaf extract on the histopathological structure of the small intestine in rats (R. norvegicus L.) hyperlipidemia. This study used 24 rats divided into 6 groups: normal control, positive control, high-fat diet + simvastatin, the test groups dose I, II, and III (ethanolic neem leaf extract 75 mg/200 gBW, 100 mg/200 gBW, and 125 mg/200 gBW). The results of the analysis using ANOVA test on the height of villi, mucous thickness, and number of goblet cells in the small intestine part duodenum, jejunum, and ileum showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The results of the morphology of epithelial cells in treatments P0, P2, and P5 showed normal epithelial cells, whereas treatments P1, P3, and P4 showed erosion epithelial cells. Based on the result, the ethanolic neem (A. indica A. Juss) leaf extract can suppress the damage effects of epithelial cells and the histological structure of the small intestine in rats (R. norvegicus L.) hyperlipidemia
Advancing Digital Economy and Financial Inclusion through Central Bank Digital Currencies: A Comprehensive Analysis of Policies and Legal Implications through e-CNY and eNaira
Authors: Lee Emily
Published: February 2025

This article explores the implementation of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) as a proactive measure by central banks to achieve policy objectives such as financial inclusion, data and privacy governance and economic growth in the digital economy. The design concepts of e-CNY and eNaira, the two primary retail CBDC prototypes discussed herein, are shaped by these objectives.

The analysis focuses on regulatory policies, risks and legal implications associated with the shift from conventional digital payments to CBDC payments, using e-CNY and eNaira as case studies. It discusses CBDC’s competitiveness and interoperability within the current payment landscape and other regulatory concerns, such as data and personal privacy, CBDC interface providers’ performance and scalability, cybersecurity, compliance for anti-money laundering regulations and the operational robustness and resilience of payment systems.

By examining these issues and challenges, the article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential benefits and challenges associated with CBDC implementation. The insights drawn from the e-CNY and eNaira implementations can provide food for thought for governments that wish to work towards implementing secure and user-friendly CBDCs that coexist with traditional financial intermediaries while offering enhanced payment capabilities.
Good Economies of Carbon Offsetting: The cyclical dynamics of valuation and critique in voluntary carbon markets
Authors: Karhunmaa Kamilla
Published: February 2025

Voluntary carbon markets are based on the idea that the carbon credits sold in markets are both the same, or climatically equivalent to one another, and different, reflecting how, when, where, and by whom they have been produced. This article examines how market actors deal with this tension and value units that are both commensurate and differentiated. Based on existing literature, interviews, and document analysis, I identify and present three instantiations of a good economy of carbon offsetting from the 2000s onwards. Each phase shows how valuation processes iterate between commensuration and differentiation. This is achieved through the development of elaborate sets of complementary valuation practices and tools, such as methodologies for valuing co-benefits, impact scores and overcompensation factors for securing climate impacts, and carbon removal crediting methodologies. While critique is central to driving the move from one good economy to another, this article also shows how the valuation practices of voluntary carbon markets appear locked into repetitive cycles of critique and reform, with recurrent disputes emerging over what to weigh and value and how. This poses new questions concerning how to critique such markets and their valuation practices.
Optimal level and order of the Coiflets wavelet in the VAR time series denoise analysis
Authors: Elias Intisar Ibrahim , Ali Taha Hussein
Published: February 2025

In this research, there is significance on the accuracy of estimated parameters of time series models due to noise, which can be addressed using wavelet shrinkage. Depending on the noise of the data, the wavelet with the appropriate level (the number of decomposition levels or scales used in the analysis) and order (the order N of a Coiflets wavelet is the number of vanishing moments of the wavelet function, and it also implies that the scaling function has 2N vanishing moments) that provides the best time series model is determined. In this research, an algorithm was proposed, and the level and order optimal of the Coiflets wavelet that provides the minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for the VAR time series model is determined with universal and minimax threshold methods with soft rule. A comparison was made between the efficiency of the proposed method and the traditional method, which relies on the level (L = 3) and order (N = 3) for the Coiflets wavelet, and it is the default value of the MATLAB program, through studying simulation and real data. Through the research results, the efficiency of the proposed method was reached in estimating the parameters of the VAR time series model, effectively treating noise, and determining the optimal Coiflets level and order.
Burn inhalation injury and intubation with dexamethasone-eluting endotracheal tubes modulate local microbiome and alter airway inflammation
Authors: Gonzales Gabriela , Malka Ronit , Bizios Rena , Dion Gregory R. , Guda Teja
Published: February 2025

Background

Inhalation injuries, caused by exposure to extreme heat and chemical irritants, lead to complications with speaking, swallowing, and breathing. This study investigates the effects of thermal injury and endotracheal tube (ETT) placement on the airway microbiome and inflammatory response. A secondary aim is to assess the impact of localized dexamethasone delivery via a drug-eluting ETT to reduce laryngeal scarring.

Methods

Inhalation injury was developed in swine by administering heated air (150°C–160°C) under endoscopic visualization. Following injury, segments of regular or dexamethasone-loaded endotracheal tubes (ETTs) were placed in the injured airways for 3 or 7 days. Computed tomography (CT) scans were used to assess airway narrowing post-injury. Biofilm formation on the ETTs was investigated using micro-CT and microscopy. The airway microbiome was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Inflammatory markers were quantified using an immunoassay and macrophage populations in laryngeal tissue were assessed with CD86 and CD206 staining. Tracheal tissues were also histologically examined for epithelial thickness, collagen area, and mucin production.

Results

CT scans confirmed airway narrowing post-injury, particularly around ETT sites. Biofilm formation was more extensive on dexamethasone-coated ETTs at later timepoints. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant shifts in microbial composition related to ETT type (R2 = 0.04, p < 0.05) and duration of placement (R2 = 0.22, p < 0.05). Differential abundance analysis demonstrated significant positive log fold changes in genera such as Bergeriella, Peptostreptococcus, and Bacteriodes with thermal injury over time. Inflammatory markers IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-1β were elevated in dexamethasone-ETT groups at 3 days, then decreased by 7 days. Macrophage markers CD86 and CD206 were significantly greater in dexamethasone groups compared to regular ETT groups at 7 days (p = 0.002 and p = 0.0213, respectively). Epithelial thickness was significantly greater with regular ETT placement compared to dexamethasone ETT placement in the burn-injured airway at 3 days (p = 0.027).

Conclusion

Thermal inhalation injury and ETT placement significantly impact airway inflammation, structural integrity, and microbiome composition. Dexamethasone-eluting ETTs, intended to reduce inflammation, increased biofilm formation and elevated cytokine levels, suggesting complex interactions between the drug coating and the host immune response. The airway microbiome shifted significantly with specific taxa thriving in the inflamed environment.
Unraveling the impact of laser refractive surgery on corneal ectasia: an in silico study
Authors: Fantaci Benedetta , Rodriguez Matas José Félix , Squartecchia Vittoria , Vavassori Lucia , Calvo Begoña
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Laser refractive surgeries are a safe option for low-to-moderate refractive corrections, providing excellent visual outcomes. Over the years, various procedures have been introduced into clinical practice, but the most performed today remain Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK), Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE). Although laser refractive treatments are considered safe, clinicians have focused on the risk of post-surgical ectasia, a rare but serious complication. Ectasia is characterized by progressive corneal thinning and steepening, leading to vision distortion, irregular astigmatism, and in some cases, a reduction of visual acuity. It is still debated whether laser refractive surgeries can cause ectasia as an iatrogenic condition or merely accelerate the progression of an underlying corneal pathology, not detected during pre-surgical screening. The proposed work investigates the relationship among three laser refractive surgeries (PRK, LASIK and SMILE), currently performed in clinical practice, and ectasia onset and progression by means of an in silico analysis.

Methods

An average 3D finite-element corneal model is developed and a pathological area, characterized by reduced stiffness of varying severity grades, is defined to analyze its influence on ectasia development and progression in the pre-surgical state. Three laser treatments (PRK, LASIK and SMILE) are simulated on healthy and pathological models. Pre- and post-surgical conditions are compared to check whether any procedure worsens the pre-surgical pathological state. The optomechanical effect of each procedure on the cornea is analyzed at both healthy and pathological conditions and compared to establish which refractive procedure mostly affects corneal structure.

Results and discussion

While the three refractive procedures showed different behaviors in terms of mechanical changes affecting the cornea, from an optical perspective, as the pathology severity worsened, none of the surgeries caused a worsening in the cone’s severity with respect to pre-surgical pathological conditions. This result suggests that surgeries may have a limited role in causing post-surgical ectasia, as it seems more plausible that they accelerate the progression of an underlying pathological condition. Among the three procedures, PRK was found to be the least invasive treatment from a mechanical perspective, while SMILE showed the greatest impact on the posterior surface, suggesting a potential long-term risk for ectasia progression.
Effects of different fermentation temperatures on microbiomes of cigar tobacco leaves
Authors: Jia Yun , Guo Sida , Hu Wanrong , Zhang Qianying , Wang Yue , Zhang Zhengcheng , Chai Zhishun , Li Dongliang
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Microbiomes of cigar tobacco leaves play a pivotal role during the fermentation, and fermentation temperature is a key factor in shaping the structure and function of the microbial community. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different temperatures (30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C) on the microbiomes of cigar tobacco leaves, providing insights into the complex interactions among temperature, microbes, and physicochemical metabolites.

Methods

Firstly, the physicochemical metabolites of cigar tobacco leaves under various fermentation temperatures were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the impacts of different temperatures on microbial biomass and community structure were revealed by quantitative real-time PCR and amplicon sequencing, and the biomarkers at different fermentation temperatures were identified by LEfSe analysis. Finally, the functional potential of microbes was predicted by correlation analysis.

Results

The bacterial biomass increased initially and peaked at 8.4 × 109 copies/g at 35°C, then decreased as the temperature rose. The fungal biomass exhibited a downward trend with increasing temperature, reaching a maximum of 3.9 × 106 copies/g at 30°C. When the fermentation temperature exceeded 45°C, the growth of both bacteria and fungi was significantly restricted. Amplicon sequencing results indicated that Staphylococcus and Aspergillus genera dominated the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. As the temperature increased, the relative abundance of Staphylococcus decreased first and then increased (46.1%–98.5%), while that of Aspergillus increased first and then decreased (34.9%–77.4%). Additionally, correlation analysis suggested that microbial communities shaped by different temperatures were responsible for the differences in physicochemical metabolites of cigar leaves. The biomarkers identified in the low-temperature fermentation group, including Staphylococcus, Stemphylium, Sampaiozyma, and Filobasidium, were likely responsible for the production of flavor metabolites, the accumulation of sugars, and the elevated ratio of potassium ions to chloride ions contents. Biomarkers in medium and high-temperature fermentation groups, such as Aspergillus, Neodymella, Acinetobacter, Pelomonas, Brevundimonas, and Alkalihalobacillus, might contribute to the degradation of nitrogen-containing substances and alkaloids.

Discussion

This study revealed the unique microbial community structure shaped at different temperatures and its potential correlation with physicochemical metabolites. These findings will help to further optimize the fermentation process of cigar tobacco leaves and develop functional microorganisms suitable for different fermentation temperatures.
The role of periodontal treatment on the reduction of hemoglobinA1c, comparing with existing medication therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Umezaki Yojiro , Yamashita Akiko , Nishimura Fusanori , Naito Toru
Published: February 2025

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is linked to complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease, impacting patient quality of life and increasing healthcare costs. Periodontal disease, more prevalent in diabetic patients, is associated with worsened glycemic control and systemic inflammation, suggesting a possible bidirectional relationship. While some studies indicate periodontal treatment may improve glycemic control and reduce inflammation, overall evidence is inconsistent. It remains unclear if periodontal therapy reliably enhances diabetes outcomes or if certain patient subgroups benefit more than others.

Objective

To systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of periodontal therapy on glycemic control (HbA1c) and systemic inflammation (CRP) in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive PubMed search identified RCTs comparing HbA1c and CRP outcomes in diabetic patients with periodontal therapy versus controls. Inclusion criteria required at least three to six months of follow-up. Meta-analyses using a random effects model were conducted for HbA1c and CRP changes.

Results

Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses showed significant reductions in HbA1c at three months (-0.64; CI95%=-0.96 to -0.32; I2 = 73%) and six months (-0.33; CI95%=-0.65 to -0.01; I2 = 12%). CRP also declined significantly, indicating an improvement in systemic inflammation.

Conclusion

Periodontal therapy appears to significantly reduce HbA1c and CRP levels over short-term periods in diabetic patients, suggesting potential as a beneficial adjunct to diabetes management. These findings support incorporating periodontal care into diabetes treatment to reduce systemic inflammation and potentially lower healthcare costs. Future long-term, standardized RCTs are needed to confirm sustained effects and investigate responses in diverse patient populations.
Ferritinophagy: multifaceted roles and potential therapeutic strategies in liver diseases
Authors: Wu Kejia , Zhao Wei , Hou Zeyu , Zhang Weigang , Qin Lei , Qiu Junyi , Wang Daobin , Zhuang Lin , Xue Xiaofeng , Sun Ding
Published: February 2025

Ferritinophagy, the selective autophagic degradation of ferritin to release iron, is emerging as a critical regulator of iron homeostasis and a key player in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. This review comprehensively examines the mechanisms, regulation, and multifaceted roles of ferritinophagy in liver health and disease. Ferritinophagy is intricately regulated by several factors, including Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 (NCOA4), Iron regulatory proteins and signaling pathways such as mTOR and AMPK. These regulatory mechanisms ensure proper iron utilization and prevent iron overload, which can induce oxidative stress and ferroptosis. In liver diseases, ferritinophagy exhibits dual roles. In liver fibrosis, promoting ferritinophagy in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) can induce cell senescence and reduce fibrosis progression. However, in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic ferritinophagy may exacerbate liver injury through iron overload and oxidative stress. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ferritinophagy can be harnessed as a novel therapeutic strategy by inducing ferroptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, ferritinophagy is implicated in drug-induced liver injury and sepsis-associated liver damage, highlighting its broad impact on liver pathology. This review also explores the crosstalk between ferritinophagy and other selective autophagy pathways, such as mitophagy and lipophagy, which collectively influence cellular homeostasis and disease progression. Understanding these interactions is essential for developing comprehensive therapeutic strategies targeting multiple autophagy pathways. In summary, ferritinophagy is a complex and dynamic process with significant implications for liver diseases. This review provides an in-depth analysis of ferritinophagy’s regulatory mechanisms and its potential as a therapeutic target, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate its role in liver health and disease.
Monte Carlo simulation to optimize polymyxin B dosing regimens for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteremia
Authors: Yu Yingying , He Zheng , Wang Chengcheng
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to predict and evaluate the efficacy of various polymyxin B dosing regimens for Gram-negative bacteremia using Monte Carlo simulation, with a specific focus on assessing the efficacy in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The goal was to optimize clinical dosing regimens and guide rational polymyxin B use in practice.

Methods

A total of 1,939 Gram-negative bacterial strains were analyzed, collected between April 2019 and December 2021 through the China Bloodstream Gram-negative Pathogens Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Surveillance Network (CARVIS-NET). Pharmacokinetic parameters of polymyxin B from existing literature were used to conduct a Monte Carlo simulation based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) theory. The probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) were evaluated across various dosing regimens.

Results

The main pathogens of Gram-negative bacteremia were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, all of which demonstrated high susceptibility to polymyxin B. For pathogens with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤1 mg/L, all regimens achieved PTA >90%. However, when the MIC increased to 2 mg/L, the PTA for the 500,000 IU q12h regimen decreased to 77.53%, and at an MIC of 4 mg/L, none of the dosing regimens achieved a PTA >90%. For P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae with MIC ≤0.5 mg/L, all regimens demonstrated effectiveness. However, at MIC ≥1 mg/L, significant declines in PTA were observed, with the 500,000 IU q12h and 1.25 mg/kg q12h regimens yielding suboptimal outcomes. In CRRT patients, PTA values declined further, particularly against K. pneumoniae, raising concerns about potential treatment failure.

Conclusion

Polymyxin B demonstrates high efficacy for Gram-negative bacteremia with MIC ≤1 mg/L. However, efficacy diminishes as MIC increases, particularly for P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, where 500,000 IU q12h and 1.25 mg/kg q12h regimens may result in suboptimal outcomes. For CRRT patients with K. pneumoniae bacteremia, therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments are crucial to mitigate treatment failure risks.
Investigation of the trends and variability in rainfall pattern in the Upper Kumaon Himalayan region
Authors: Anand Subhash , Aarti  , Singh Anju
Published: February 2025

Variation in rainfall patterns has profound impacts on fragile ecosystems and people’s lives. The Upper Kumaon area is highly sensitive to current climatic variation. This study attempted to identify yearly, seasonal, and monthly rainfall trends in four districts of the Upper Kumaon Region (UKR), i.e., Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, and Pithoragarh, for a period of 68 years (1950–2018). Long-term gridded daily rainfall data were used for parametric regression analysis and variability analysis to examine historical trends. The analysis showed a continuous decrease in annual precipitation across all districts, with the most significant decrease seen at Bageshwar (−3.88 mm/year). Seasonal trends showed significant decreases in monsoon rainfall, especially in Almora (−3.28 mm/year), whereas spatial variability analysis depicted increasing variability in recent times. Lower-altitude districts (i.e., Champawat) exhibit higher variability compared to high-altitude districts such as Pithoragarh. Therefore, the findings of this study emphasize the need to implement policies to address the increasing variability in rainfall and its effects on agricultural practices, water resource management, and disaster preparedness in this sensitive environment.
Exploring the exercise intensity equivalent to the anaerobic threshold in patients with acute myocardial infarction based on the 6-minute walk test distance
Authors: Fan Yuxuan , Sun Xiaopeng , Li Guihua , Wang Xiaojing , Luo Qian , Wang Lemin , Shen Yuqin , Fan Zhiqing
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between aerobic exercise intensity based on the 6 min walk test (6MWT) and the anaerobic threshold (AT)-based equivalent in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The feasibility of using the 6MWT for exercise prescription in primary care settings was also investigated.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from AMI patients, including statistics on all values of the cardiopulmonary exercise test and 6MWT parameters.

Results

Regression analysis showed that the regression equation based on 6MWD exercise intensity (EI6MWD) could predict AT-based exercise intensity (EIAT). Moreover, EI6MWD correlated with EIAT in 91.9%–93.0% of patients' EI6MWD, with AMI equivalent to the EIAT model.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the anaerobic threshold in AMI patients corresponds to 91.9%–93.0% of the distance covered during the 6MWT. Thus, the 6MWT is a feasible tool for developing exercise prescriptions in primary care hospitals.
Case Report: Fatal atrioesophageal fistula following atrial fibrillation ablation—critical reflections on prevention
Authors: Dai Qi , Chen Shutong , Yuan Ye , Du Yinghao , Fan Kuixin , Zhang Jingfeng , Zheng Jianjun
Published: February 2025

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an important therapeutic modality for atrial fibrillation (AF), widely utilized in clinical practice due to its safety and significant efficacy. However, post-procedural complications may arise, influenced by anatomical positioning and the intensity of ablation energy, with atrioesophageal fistula (AEF) being particularly rare yet severe. This case report describes a unique instance of a patient developing AEF following AF ablation, accompanied by ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. A 71-year-old male admitted to the emergency department on July 19, 2024, with acute loss of consciousness and convulsions. Upon admission, physical examination and laboratory tests revealed vital signs within abnormal ranges and indicators suggesting inflammation and potential myocardial injury. Head CT scans showed hypoattenuating areas indicative of cerebral infarction, chest CT suggested possible air accumulation in the left atrial region. ECG findings were consistent with atrial flutter, myocardial infarction, and incomplete right bundle branch block. Given his history of atrial fibrillation and RFA, alongside clinical manifestations, the patient was diagnosed with cardio-cerebral syndrome, suspected to be complicated by an AEF due to the presence of air in the left atrium. AEF diagnosis was confirmed via cardiac CTA, leading to conservative management decisions. Despite initiating thrombolysis for cerebral infarction and supportive treatments for heart failure, including VA-ECMO, the patient's condition continued to decline, evidenced by cardiogenic shock, heart failure, and progressive neurological deficits including coma and dilated non-reactive pupils. Ultimately resulting in family-elected discharge against medical advice on the fourth day of hospitalization.
The comparative impact of central vs. peripheral VA-ECMO cannulation on postoperative graft dysfunction in lung transplantation: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Wu Xiaowen , Miao Shuai , Zhou Yan , Wu Tianjun , Chen Jingyu , Wang Guilong , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2025

Background

Lung transplantation (LTx) is the definitive treatment for end-stage pulmonary diseases, with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) used as a common perioperative support. However, it remains unclear if central (cVA-ECMO) or peripheral (pVA-ECMO) cannulation routes yield better outcomes in postoperative prognosis. This study compares the impact of these two cannulation strategies on primary graft dysfunction (PGD) incidence in LTx patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 153 LTx patients supported with VA-ECMO at the Wuxi Lung Transplant Center (January 2019–March 2023). Patients were divided into central (n = 31) and peripheral (n = 91) groups. Data included recipient/donor demographics, preoperative status, and follow-up outcomes. The primary outcome was PGD within 72 h after reperfusion, whereas secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, 1-year survival, renal support needs, ventilation duration, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and biochemical markers.

Results

PGD incidence was significantly higher in the peripheral group, with longer ECMO duration, ventilation, and ICU stay. Central VA-ECMO showed advantages in in-hospital mortality and 1-year survival rates.

Conclusion

Central VA-ECMO cannulation may reduce postoperative complications and improve survival for LTx recipients. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and refine perioperative ECMO management.
Intention to use personal health records and associated factors among healthcare providers in southwest Oromia region referral hospitals, Ethiopia: using the modified unified theory of acceptance and use technology 2 model
Authors: Dube Geleta Nenko , Asemahagn Mulusew Andualem , Mulu Yared , Guadie Habtamu Alganeh , Ahmed Mohammedjud Hassen , Walle Agmasie Damtew , Bitacha Getu Kassa , Alameraw Temesgen Ayenew , Meshasha Nega Abebe
Published: February 2025

Introduction

A well-informed decision needs the collection of accurate and organized data, which is becoming more essential in the healthcare industry due to the increasing integration of various technologies. The literature has revealed that the magnitude of intention to use personal health records among healthcare providers is low. Consequently, this study aimed to assess healthcare providers’ intentions to use personal health records and its factors in Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 781 healthcare providers in referral hospitals in the Southwest Oromia region, Ethiopia. A simple sampling technique was used to select the study participants among healthcare providers. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The degree of correlation between exogenous and endogenous variables was described and validated using structural equation modeling using AMOS 26.

Results

The proportion of intention to use personal health records was 57.6%, 95% CI (53.9–61.2). Factors positively associated with intention to use personal health records were performance expectancy (β = 0.325, P < 0.01), effort expectancy (β = 0.289, P < 0.01), social influence (β = 0.216, P < 0.01), and facilitating condition (β = 0.242, P < 0.01). Age (β = 0.269, P = 0.040, β = 0.326, P < 0.001) positively moderated the relationship between performance expectancy, facilitating conditions to intention to use personal health records.

Conclusions

In general, healthcare providers’ intention to use personal health records were promising. Healthcare providers’ intentions to use personal health records were significantly influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Hence, implementers need to give priority to enhancing the provision of a better system, the knowledge and skills of healthcare providers, and awareness creation among staff by providing continuous training.
Characterization of strike-slip fault zones by gradient-driven signed pressure force model in the Northeast Sichuan Basin
Authors: Li Siyao , Huang Xuri , Tang Shuhang , Wu Guanghui , Feng Liang , Li Mengcheng
Published: February 2025

The Sichuan Basin is China’s largest natural gas-producing basin and presents significant challenges for deep oil and gas exploration due to its complex geological conditions. Recent studies in the Northeast Sichuan Basin, particularly the Kaijiang-Liangping (KJ-LP) Trough, have identified the presence of strike-slip faults which may influence the deposition of reefs and shoals. Understanding the controlling influence of these fault zones on the distribution and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs is crucial for effective exploration. Traditional fault identification methods are less effective due to the weak seismic response in this area, which results from the complex geological conditions and lack of dissolution cavities. Predicting fault-related fractures remains a key challenge. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel fault characterization approach using the Gradient-Driven Signed Pressure Force (G-SPF) Active Contour Model (ACM), an image-processing-based boundary identification technique. The method begins by selecting tensor and symmetry as the primary optimization attributes. Gradient information is then integrated into the ACM to improve the vertical continuity of fault identification. Finally, a two-step iterative process is employed to separately characterize the fault core and damage zone, improving fault zone delineation. The improved methodology significantly enhances strike-slip fault zone characterization. The results also reveal that strike-slip fault zones serve as vertical migration pathways for deep-source hydrocarbons and they facilitate the lateral migration from source rocks within the trough. By integrating structural analysis with sedimentary characteristics, this study highlights the critical role of strike-slip fault zones in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.
Faculty perceptions of university-based transition services for students with intellectual disabilities in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhilfi Reem Abdullah
Published: February 2025

This study explored faculty perceptions of university-based transition services for students with intellectual disabilities (IDs) in Saudi Arabia, using a descriptive analytical approach with a sample of 153 members. Faculty demonstrated strong competencies in transitional programs, particularly in philosophical foundations, program evaluation, educational content, and behavior management. This study emphasizes the importance of specialized training in postsecondary knowledge, collaboration, and assessment for special education teachers. No significant gender differences in faculty competency awareness were noted. The findings underscore the need for continuous faculty development, integrated curricula, and collaborative planning to enhance transitional programs in Saudi special education departments. Tailored educational content, student involvement, and guidance toward meaningful postsecondary pathways are recommended, focusing on holistic development, including social skills and family engagement.
Improving sense of belonging in biomedical engineering students through student-faculty lunches
Authors: Chan Tiffany Marie , Tamura Angelika Aldea , Wang Xianglong
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Full undergraduate experience in biomedical engineering should feature cordial interactions between students and faculty as well as a good sense of belonging. However, both factors remain elusive for many students, rendering their undergraduate experience suboptimal. We designed the organized student-faculty lunches to promote informal student-faculty interactions and the formation of belonging among the student participants.

Methods

During each lunch, an average of four student participants were paired with one faculty and a student assistant. Lunches were provided at no cost to all participants. Invites for students were based on matching interests during recruitment. A mixed-methods survey, including eight identical Likert-scale questions and up to three free-response questions, was distributed three times: before, immediately after, and 1 month after the lunch. We collected a total of 42 responses for the post-survey and 28 responses for the one-month survey. Four students participated in a 30-minute interview. We used paired t-tests to analyze the Likert-scale questions across the three surveys. We performed regression analysis to quantify the equity in the outcomes of these lunches. We obtained guidelines for conducting these lunches in the future through regression analysis and thematic coding of the surveys and the interviews.

Results

We found that the student-faculty lunches generated significant positive impact across all eight Likert-scale questions across three domains of belonging: academic, social, and personal space. Improvements in survey questions within the social and personal space domains tend to be longer lasting and more statistically significant. The regression analyses revealed that our interventions resulted in better parity in sense of belonging among students with different years of academic experience, ethnic identities, and gender identities. These analyses also suggest that the most effective lunch is conducted in the middle of the Winter quarter with an Assistant Professor. Coding analyses revealed that the students were highly satisfied with the lunches and the current format of facilitation, while noting the benefits of these lunches in reducing the interaction barriers between students and faculty. We intend to perform more qualitative analyses on aspects of equity and faculty demographics concerning their impact on the outcomes of these lunches.
Integrated geostatistical and stress-field assessment of Miocene-Pleistocene strata for offshore geologic carbon storage in the Central Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Ademilola J. A. , Pashin Jack C.
Published: February 2025

Opportunities for offshore geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage are promising, and assessment of subsurface stress is critical for minimizing the risk of CO2 leakage. This research aims to assess stress and temperature conditions to determine if the area has the ability for secure long-term storage. This objective was achieved by using a suite of geophysical well logs, four-arm caliper logs, geochemical data and data from the BOEM Sands Database for geomechanical stress fields assessment, borehole breakout analysis, and to build 3D simulations of reservoir pressure and fracture pressure in seven protraction areas of the Central Gulf of Mexico. Results of the geomechanical assessment demonstrate that well segments containing a high volume of breakouts will have low CO2 storage potential because pore pressure approaches the minimum horizontal stress. The reservoir temperature gradient in the continental slope reduces substantially beyond a depth of about ∼3,048 m (∼10,000 ft). The changing geothermal gradient appears to stem from a combination of cooling of shallow strata by the thermal mass of the water column above the mudline and conductive and advective heat flow associated with basal heat flow and active hydrocarbon generation and migration at depth. 3D models of stress reveal shelf sands ∼1,600 m (5,249 ft) below the seabed are in a safe CO2 storage window. Results indicate CO2 can be injected safely at a pressure below the minimum horizontal stress to minimize the risk of cross-formational flow, and the high porosity and permeability of sand units in this region can facilitate effective long-term storage of CO2 in mature hydrocarbon reservoirs and saline formations.
Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of extreme temperature events in Hainan Province over the past four decades
Authors: Yun Qiuhao , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Global warming has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. In Hainan Province, a key tropical agricultural region in China, extreme temperatures significantly affect crop yields, quality, and the sustainability of the agricultural economy. Understanding the temporal and spatial patterns of extreme temperature events in Hainan Province is crucial for formulating effective strategies for mitigating meteorological disasters and safeguarding agricultural productivity.

Methods

This study uses observational data from 21 meteorological stations in Hainan Province from 1980 to 2022. Eight extreme temperature indices were calculated using the RClimDex model. Temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme temperature events were analyzed through linear fitting, Mann-Kendall mutation tests, Morlet wavelet analysis, and principal component analysis.

Results

The results reveal that extreme temperature events in Hainan Province show an overall increasing trend over time. Spatially, most stations exhibit a similar increasing trend in extreme temperature events. Two indices, Maximum Daily Temperature of the Year (TXx) and Number of Days with Lowest Temperature >20°C (TR20), display upward mutations, particularly between 2000 and 2011. Additionally, cyclical patterns in extreme temperature indices include short (4 years), medium (8–14 years), and long (16–20 years) oscillatory cycles.

Discussion

The study highlights that the primary drivers of temperature variations in Hainan Province are warm temperature indicators, with significant changes in daily maximum temperatures playing a key role. These findings emphasize the need for further investigation into the long-term effects of temperature variations on agricultural production and suggest potential pathways for disaster mitigation and adaptation strategies in the region.
Does institutional innovation improve environmental performance? — a quasi-natural experiment based on China’s service trade innovative development pilot policy
Authors: Xu Han , Wang Siqi , Lei Lei
Published: February 2025

This study employs Chinese urban panel data and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model to investigate the effects of China’s service trade innovative development pilot policy on environmental performance and its underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that institutional innovation in the service trade sector substantially enhances regional environmental performance, and this conclusion remains valid after a series of validity tests and robustness tests. The mechanism test results show that institutional innovation can improve environmental performance mainly by promoting green innovation ability and industrial structure upgrading. Heterogeneity analysis found that regions with greater government support, a higher level of service industry development, and a higher degree of openness were more likely to rely on institutional innovation to improve their environmental performance. This research offers valuable policy insights for advancing institutional innovation in service trade and formulating pollution control strategies in China and other developing nations.
Dinosaurs as skeletons or lifelike replicas - effects on interest in extinct animals
Authors: Kubi Michael , Kleespies Matthias Winfried , Wenzel Volker
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Since their discovery Dinosaurs have attracted the interest of scientists and the general public alike, and are therefore an attractive way of introducing students to various aspects of the Earth's history and stimulating their interest. There are different types of dinosaur exhibitions, ranging from original excavation sites to theme parks, all with varying levels of scientific accuracy and authenticity.

Methods

In this study we developed and conducted a guided tour of a dinosaur exhibition in a natural history museum, showing dinosaur fossils or their replicas and a special dinosaur exhibition with lifelike animatronic models in a zoo. We investigated the effect on interest in extinct, prehistoric animals in these dinosaur exhibitions.

Results

The results show that the skeletons in a natural history museum showed a significant increase in interest, while the lifelike animatronics had no effect. An examination of the gender results shows that boys were the main contributors to the increase in interest in extinct animals.

Discussion

The main reason for this difference may be that natural history museums, with their original dinosaur fossils (or detailed replicas, which are legitimate substitutes for original objects), provide a more authentic atmosphere that arouses interest, curiosity and surprise, something that the lifelike dinosaur models could not do. However, these effects were not long-lasting, as demonstrated by follow-up tests.