bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Business Model
Authors: Najmaei Arash
Published: April 2012

Today’s world of business is increasingly witnessing exemplary firms which introduce new business models, exploit new markets and disrupt established firms in order to create a unique competitive position. Although the theoretical and conceptual posture of this phenomenon is well grounded and explained in the extant literature on disruptive innovation, little is known about strategic logic of this phenomenon. In other words, the managerial paradigm or cognitive and mental model that underlies the orchestration of micro- and macro-organizational mechanisms of a disruptive move, such as market and technological knowledge, have surprisingly received little attention. In this sense, an analytical review of literature suggests that strategic logic of a disruptive technology can be well presented through the lens of business model (BM) and its innovation. Accordingly, it is argued that business model represents a mental model which underlines activities such as acquisition of market and technological insights, opportunities and requisite actions required for transforming a disruptive idea into a disruptive market movement. This view offers new insights into the study of disruptive phenomenon. It addresses the managerial (i.e. mental model) underpinnings of disruptiveness, instead of market, economical and technological dimensions. Business model innovation (BMI) is a disruptive change in the core logic of value creation and capture. It is a value-revolutionizing framework which explicitly delineates the strategic processes of a disruptive strategy. Thus, it is essentially a paradigm for strategizing the craft of disruptive innovation (technology). Given this view, this chapter conceptually explicates this contour and shows how BMI effectuates a disruptive technological phenomenon by presenting four propositions. Finally theoretical and managerial implications of this view are illuminated in order to furthering the practice and enhancing future research in this growing field of inquiry.
E-Banking Operational Risk Management using Soft Computing Tools
Authors: Ochuko Rita E , Cullen Andrea , Neagu Daniel
Published: April 2012

Electronic banking (E-banking) systems provide a promising solution for breaking geographical, industrial, and regulatory barriers. Improved technology could help with creating anytime, anywhere services and new market opportunities, but does not necessarily ensure a risk-free transaction environment. A main aim for E-banking adopters is to include E-banking risk management to their overall risk management strategy. They must identify the tools and techniques available for managing such risk. In this chapter we provide an overview of E-banking and identify the various risks which exist within the system. The chapter focuses on analyzing state-of-the-art risk management tools and techniques, paying attention to models for internally managing E-banking operational risk. It discusses several soft computing techniques applied to E-banking operational risk as causal modeling tools. The tools include: Decision Trees, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy Inference Systems, and Bayesian Networks. Some examples are presented to describe the models developed.
Digital Divide and Disadvantaged Populations in E-Tourism
Authors: Yfantis Billy , Usoro Abel , Tseles Dimitris
Published: April 2012

The tourism sector has changed rapidly since the dawn of the internet revolution in the late 1990s. At the same time, the digital divide has disadvantaged many in developing economies as well as the disabled population. It is interesting to observe, however, that the emerging computer technologies, especially mobile computing, are offering significant opportunities to this disadvantaged population. This chapter discusses these opportunities that increase the participation in and reaping of benefits from tourism.
A Conceptual View of Knowledge Management Adoption in Hospitality Industry of Developing Economies
Authors: Usoro Abel , Abiagam Bridget
Published: April 2012

Existing research addresses and recognises the importance and benefits of knowledge management in the hospitality industry but especially in big hotels and in developed economies. Little or nothing has been researched in developing economies, yet the hospitality industry there is recognised in literature as a means of income redistribution and foreign currency earning. This chapter attempts to fill this gap by developing a theoretical model of KM adoption in the hospitality businesses of developing economies. The major constructs considered relevant are developmental factors, information technology, culture, and intention to adopt KM. Though at the moment a conceptual paper, the implications of the study are presented and they include the need for managers to collaboratively provide infrastructure, information technology, and training. They also have to use culture to their advantage in order to encourage KM use in their businesses.
Integrating Information Communication Technologies (ICT) with Information Literacy & Library-Use-Instructions in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Ntui Aniebiet I. , Ottong Eno J. , Usoro Abel
Published: April 2012

Curriculum contents in developing economies like Nigeria has the objectives of developing students’ higher order thinking skills, ability to acquire and utilize learning sources in the library, develop adequate competence in the use of needed information among others. It should aim as developing technological capability for handling information that would achieve these objectives. This study evaluates the information literacy and library-use programmes introduced in Nigerian universities to achieve the aforementioned objectives. An empirical work done on three Nigerian Universities, as a sample, compares their curriculum contents and explores ways that information technology can be integrated into them. Among the study findings is inadequate attention paid to information and technology literacy. One of the study’s recommendations is to give adequate attention to information and technology literacy without loading the students with unnecessary library technicalities, as the study found out. The study also presented curriculum structures that can improve the situation.
E-Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Usoro Abel , Akuchie Rosemary C.
Published: April 2012

Technological innovations have enhanced performance in all sectors of economic and social activities including education. The purpose of the educational system is to achieve efficient communication, which involves transmission of information, knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to the learner. This study therefore seeks to survey the extent to which e-learning is applied in Nigerian Universities for effective teaching and learning processes. The sample comprised four government universities in the north central geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Twenty five lecturers and 25 students (from second year level and above) totaling 100 in each case were randomly selected. Six research questions guided the study. The findings of the work showed that lecturers are better exposed to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) than students, most e-learning facilities though available in the universities are not entirely functional and adequate. Also lecturers and students do not employ most ICT facilities for teaching and learning respectively.
Technology Policy Perspective
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: April 2012

Clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, and associated institutions in a particular field that are present in a nation or region. Cluster growth initiatives are an important new direction in economic policy. Almost every country, in the world, has pursued policies for the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) established in 1991, have certainly promoted cluster growth of high-tech software companies, played seminal role and enabled India to become “IT Superpower.” Today, these parks across over the country are synonymous with excellent Infrastructure and Statutory support aimed at furthering growth of Information Technology. The chapter aims to do a critical review of software parks, and the focus is to understand the importance of technology policy perspective - how it can be developed, enhanced through right inputs, and adaptation. It raises a number of questions: What is a right perspective and how should it be developed? What role can input and adaptation play? How should resources and capabilities be configured to develop the right cluster growth? This is to provide the reader with a suitable analysis platform for decision-making that enhances all phases of making effective technology policy so as to ensure growth and success for clusters through optimization of knowledge management process.
Creative Regions in Europe
Authors: de-Miguel-Molina Blanca , Hervás-Oliver José-Luis , Boix Rafael , de-Miguel-Molina María
Published: April 2012

This chapter examines the existence of regional agglomerations of manufacturing, service and creative industries, and the relationship between these industries and the wealth of regions. Through an analysis of 250 European regions, three important conclusions can be inferred from the results obtained in this chapter. The first is that creative industries play an important role in the wealth of the regions. The second is that the most creative regions are characterized by having more high-tech manufacturing industries than the rest of the regions, although the number of low-tech manufacturing firms is similar. Lastly, in the richest regions, a greater share of high-tech manufacturing industries coexists with a greater share of creative industries. The importance of this chapter resides in the fact that up until now no analysis has demonstrated that creative industries are the most important industries in regional wealth.
Theoretical Model of Knowledge Management Capacity to Promote Learning in Organizations
Authors: Oliu Carolina Alejandra
Published: April 2012

Knowledge and its appearance and increasing importance as a new production factor has turned development of technologies, methods, and strategies for its measuring, creation, and diffusion into one of the main priorities achieve sustainable success in any organization. With these ideas, this chapter focuses on offering a model that specifies how a series of procedure mechanisms influence and interact with the learning ability in the organization.
Engaging Actors for the Development of a High-Tech Cluster
Authors: Villasana Marcia
Published: April 2012

This chapter introduces the case of the northern state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, where particularly after 2003 the state government began implementing actions aimed at developing high-technology clusters in the region around strategic knowledge areas, biotechnology being one of them. In this context, the chapter presents findings from an empirical investigation on the interactions between academia and industry, focusing on the university biotechnology researcher’s viewpoint. The author hopes to contribute to not only to the growing body of empirical literature on how relevant actors within a regional innovation system engage in working relationships particularly with high-technology industries, but to inform policymakers for the better design of instruments aimed at strengthening university-industry interactions.
Automatic Fuzzy Parameter Selection in Dynamic Fuzzy Voter for Safety Critical Systems
Authors: Singamsetty PhaniKumar , Panchumarthy SeethaRamaiah
Published: April 2012

The main objective of this research paper is designing automatic fuzzy parameter selection based dynamic fuzzy voter for safety critical systems with limited system knowledge. Existing fuzzy voters for controlling safety critical systems and sensor fusion are surveyed and safety performance is empirically evaluated. The major limitation identified in the existing fuzzy voters is the static fuzzy parameter selection. Optimally selected static fuzzy parameters work only for a particular set of data with the known data ranges. In this paper, a dynamic or automatic fuzzy parameter selection method for fuzzy voters is proposed based on the statistical parameters of the local set of data in each voting cycle. Safety performance is empirically evaluated by running the static and dynamic fuzzy voters on a simulated triple modular redundant (TMR) system for 10000 voting cycles. Experimental results show that proposed Dynamic fuzzy voter is giving almost 100% safety if two of the three modules of the TMR System are error free. Dynamic voter is designed in such a way that it can be plugged in and used in any safety critical system without having any knowledge regarding the data produced and their ranges.
Quality is Not an Accident
Authors: Kazandjian Vahé A.
Published: April 2012

The communication between health care professionals and patients should go beyond the communication about the management of the disease – it should encompass educating patients about the knowledge available to treat the disease, the processes in place to enhance safe, effective and sustained performance. Accountability about the processes and outcomes of the care are expected to both demonstrate the social responsibilities of health care professionals and gauge the expectations of patients, families, and communities. The purpose of this article is to explore the determinants of what patients expect from healthcare and caring; how providers of care use available knowledge (or pseudo-knowledge) to apply their craft, and how information technologies assist in both the application of the available knowledge and the goodness of that application. Special focus is given to the role of physicians as educators rather than exclusively healers of disease and managers of patient complaints.
The Ongoing Crisis in Medical Device Education for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Caruana Carmel J.
Published: April 2012

A well-documented issue in healthcare is the unsatisfactory level of competence in the effective and safe use of medical devices among practicing healthcare professionals. The roots of the problem lie in the fact that medical devices are developing at a much faster rate than the requisite educational provision. As a result, undergraduate healthcare students carry out their medical device training under the supervision of practitioners-trainers who are themselves not sufficiently competent, creating a vicious circle where lack of competence breeds further incompetence. This circle can only be broken if the practitioner-trainers themselves are educated. However, owing to clinical workload the latter often cannot attend face-to-face educational programs. The problem can be resolved through online learning. This article expounds on the issue and describes an online programme by which the present author is attempting to address the problem.
Select Learning Organizations?
Authors: Ellington Linda
Published: April 2012

Transformation is how adults make meaning from and interpret experiences. Transformation know-how is an important attribute to demonstrate while leading. This paper examines the transformational ability of leaders. It is generally perceived that since leaders have similar leadership skills, the perception of how they transform their organizations into learning organizations would be uniform. Expectations directly influence meaning and how the perspective changes to accommodate the new experience. This could be attributed to factors like a leader’s educational background, experience in a complex organization, or exposure to successful change efforts. This study attributes specific leadership experiences and perceptions toward the ability to transform an organization. Critical success factors are sound awareness of transformation, the courage to engage in a disoriented dilemma, to accept the knowledge that a perspective requires new understandings of those who lead at all levels within the organization, and the ability to articulate the strategic direction and gain the motivation and engagement from all stakeholders. Four leadership skills are found in the literature that acknowledges transformational leaders have similar skills and perceptions on transforming a traditional organization into a learning organization: a) sense of urgency, b) envision a new vision, c) catalyst for a cultural shift, and d) strategic thinking.
Teaching with Technology
Authors: Dennett Susan K. , Vásquez-Colina Maria D.
Published: April 2012

In this article, the authors discuss how technology can enhance online teaching and student engagement. As the number of adult learners increase and the continuing use of online teaching increases, it is important to keep students engaged during learning. If the adult learners are engaged, they will most likely remain the duration of the course, ensuring retention in online courses. Currently completion rates for online courses can be significantly lower than those of the traditional classroom based on studies by a number of authors for a variety of reasons (Diaz, 2002; Lorenzetti, 2002; Murray, 2001). Students will also be more likely to sign up for future online classes when engagement strategies are used. By incorporating the type of technology students use in their everyday life will encourage engagement and relevance. When educators use technology effectively and efficiently in their classes, this increases engagement and provides a positive learning experience for the student. The article reviews literature that outlines different types of technology and the ways technology can complement an online class.
User Experience of Trip Arrangements
Authors: Eriksson Niklas
Published: April 2012

This study examines the user experience of arranging a trip of low-intermediate complexity over a mobile device using existing travel services. A research platform is presented and findings reported to reveal the potential problem areas that users face when using their mobile device to make trip arrangements on a mobile device. The results are compared with computer users to understand whether the problems that mobile users face are statistically significant when compared with the potential problems that computer users face. To gain deeper understanding, the authors also analyze whether the type of services, mobile devices and user skills have an impact on the self-arrangement experience on a mobile device. Data was collected through controlled classroom experiments with samples of students. The main contribution of this study is that it identifies potential problem areas for mobile travel users and provides insights for practitioners to plan effective mobile channel strategies.
Parallel Shellsort Algorithm for Many-Core GPUs with CUDA
Authors: Lin Chun-Yuan , Lee Wei Sheng , Tang Chuan Yi
Published: April 2012

Sorting is a classic algorithmic problem and its importance has led to the design and implementation of various sorting algorithms on many-core graphics processing units (GPUs). CUDPP Radix sort is the most efficient sorting on GPUs and GPU Sample sort is the best comparison-based sorting. Although the implementations of these algorithms are efficient, they either need an extra space for the data rearrangement or the atomic operation for the acceleration. Sorting applications usually deal with a large amount of data, thus the memory utilization is an important consideration. Furthermore, these sorting algorithms on GPUs without the atomic operation support can result in the performance degradation or fail to work. In this paper, an efficient implementation of a parallel shellsort algorithm, CUDA shellsort, is proposed for many-core GPUs with CUDA. Experimental results show that, on average, the performance of CUDA shellsort is nearly twice faster than GPU quicksort and 37% faster than Thrust mergesort under uniform distribution. Moreover, its performance is the same as GPU sample sort up to 32 million data elements, but only needs a constant space usage. CUDA shellsort is also robust over various data distributions and could be suitable for other many-core architectures.
Cloud Architecture for Dynamic Service Composition
Authors: Zhou Jiehan , Athukorala Kumaripaba , Gilman Ekaterina , Riekki Jukka , Ylianttila Mika
Published: April 2012

Service composition provides value-adding services through composing basic Web services, which may be provided by various organizations. Cloud computing presents an efficient managerial, on-demand, and scalable way to integrate computational resources (hardware, platform, and software). However, existing Cloud architecture lacks the layer of middleware to enable dynamic service composition. To enable and accelerate on-demand service composition, the authors explore the paradigm of dynamic service composition in the Cloud for Pervasive Service Computing environments and propose a Cloud-based Middleware for Dynamic Service Composition (CM4SC). In this approach, the authors introduce the CM4SC ‘Composition as a Service’ middleware layer into conventional Cloud architecture to allow automatic composition planning, service discovery and service composition. The authors implement the CM4SC middleware prototype utilizing Windows Azure Cloud platform. The prototype demonstrates the feasibility of CM4SC for accelerating dynamic service composition and that the CM4SC middleware-accelerated Cloud architecture offers a novel way for realizing dynamic service composition.
Efficient Management of Fragmented Replica in Data Grids
Authors: Wu Chao-Chin , Lai Lien-Fu , Lai Jia-Xian
Published: April 2012

Rather than replicating a file completely, Chang et al. proposed a fragmented replication technique to cope with the problem that only partial content of the replica are required in a local application. Furthermore, they also proposed two server selection algorithms for replica retrieval. However, their algorithms do not always find an optimal solution. To address the problem, in this paper, the authors propose a replica selection algorithm to improve the fragmented replica retrieval efficiency in this paper. It is a heuristic considering not only the transmission time but also the number of available servers for each block. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the retrieval efficiency up to 12%.
Model Based Estimation and Tracking Method for Agile Software Project
Authors: Kang Sungjoo , Choi Okjoo , Baik Jongmoon
Published: April 2012

In this paper, the authors propose a software cost estimation model for agile software development project which can help estimate concrete development costs for the desired features of a product and tracks the project progress dynamically. In general, cost estimation methods for agile developments used a story point. Because it is relative value, the estimation results tend to be easily fluctuated by the small variation of the base story point. To estimate the effort of a project development, the authors use function points in addition to the story point. The function points are determined based on the desired features of the project. The authors adopt the Kalman filter algorithm for tracking project progress. The daily variation of the function point is observed and inputted to the Kalman Filter for providing concrete estimation and velocity. The authors then validate the better performance of our model by comparing with traditional methods through a case study.
Information Systems Typology According to Quality Attributes
Authors: Suryn Witold , Trudeau Paul-Olivier
Published: April 2012

Information systems support the way organizations drive their businesses and people conduct their lives. To execute this important task efficiently the quality of these systems must equal their importance. This article presents a topology of Information Systems classification according to their purpose. Each type is further divided into sub-categories representing features that enable users to drive their business and reach their goals. This paper summarizes the quality attributes that may be considered as most important and relevant to each type of information system of the classification.
Training Soft Skills to Project Managers An Experience Report
Authors: Kramer Anne
Published: April 2012

The success of software projects is driven by the magical triangle between time, budget, and quality. While short term thinking focuses on time and budget, it is quality that has the most important impact on long term customer satisfaction. Thus, providing good quality software is crucial for success. Quality is influenced by several factors. It depends on the entire software development process and related activities (e.g., requirements management, configuration management, design controls, etc.). However, quality cannot be forced from outside. It is well known, but often forgotten, that it is the team and its relation to the project manager that decides on success or failure of a project. Improving the skills of the project managers improves the quality of the products. The limiting factor usually is not related to technical skills that can be trained quite easily. In fact, project management is all about communication and leadership competencies which are far more difficult (but not impossible) to train. In this paper, the author reports on experiences with this kind of training from an industrial point of view. In particular, the author describes what was most helpful and where the major difficulties lay.
Value of Recommendation Systems for Online Investors
Authors: Vahidov Rustam , Saade Raafat , Eldiwany Ahmed
Published: April 2012

Internet allows investors to use friendly tools which help them to make and implement their investment choices in an online environment. Individuals can have access to volumes of information related to alternative financial instruments and craft their strategies according to their needs and preferences. However, in the presence of multiple choices, investors with limited experience and knowledge may need support in making adequate decisions. Recommendations systems have been used in e-commerce in the past to provide customers with advice in purchasing products and services. The purpose of this work is to investigate the potential value of rendering recommendations to investors. The findings indicate that users of recommendations-enriched online investment website expressed higher levels of satisfaction and intention to use.
HTML5 and the Mobile Web
Authors: Curran Kevin , Bond Aaron , Fisher Gavin
Published: April 2012

Accessing the Web from mobile devices is a popular practice. Trends show that the mobile space is becoming the method through which many consumers access content – both through native and web applications. These applications have expanded the browsing experience, but have also complicated the development process. A need exists for a simple, uniform solution which HTML5 is attempting to address. HTML is a mark-up language, now on its fifth edition, used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web. Because of the large increase in users of mobile devices, internet access on these devices is widely used. The creation of web sites, web documents, and applications are done with HTML5, as it is compatible with both PC and mobile device browsers. However, with its lengthy development process, it is not yet apparent if HTML5 can incorporate the demands of developers in a changing environment. This paper provides an overview of the use of HTML5 in structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web and compatibility issues on mobile browsers, key features, tool’s, and the advantages and disadvantages on the mobile web devices as well as the state of the mobile web.
Securing EPR Data Using Cryptography and Image Watermarking
Authors: Zaz Youssef , El Fadil Lhoussain , El Kayyali Mohamed
Published: April 2012

This paper demonstrates new methodology to improve security and avoid data overlapping between patients records which are defined as Electronic Patient Records (EPR), a combination of digital watermarking techniques and cryptography are used to ensure the non-separation of EPR and medical images during communications within open networks. The EPR data is encrypted, by a symmetric key algorithm based on an Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC), and inserted in liberated zone of the Least Significant Bit plan (LSB) of the medical image by compressing the original one using the Huffman coding. The proposed method improves security issues and reduces the computation cost related to data encryption and decryption.
Historical Development of Reconstruction Designs of Antikythera Mechanism
Authors: Lin Jian Liang , Yan Hong Sen
Published: April 2012

Antikythera mechanism is an ancient Greece machine excavated in 1900. The damaged remains and ingenious mechanical structure resulted in mans thirst to decode this mechanism. This paper reviews the historical development regarding reconstruction designs of Antikythera mechanism. The origin, the recovering process and the related historical records are introduced first. Available reconstruction designs, which are classified into the orientation of mechanism, the decoding of modern technology including the appearance, the functions of the exterior dials and the interior structure, other research and the authors work are presented. Then, based on the viewpoint of mechanisms, the mechanism analysis of one feasible reconstruction design with the complete interior structure, by the authors, is presented. This new design to generate all known output functions also provides a possible embryo of Antikythera mechanism.
A Pragmatic Approach to Reduce Environmental Load in Machining Process
Authors: Kondo Yasuo , Yamaguchi M. , Yamaguchi Kenji , Sakamoto S.
Published: April 2012

We discussed the coolant composition which can guarantee both the excellent fluid abilities as the cutting fluid and the good treatability as the recyclable material toward the development of sustainable cutting fluid system. We prepared three distinctive coolants; amine-free (EX-102), mineral-oil and amine free (α-1000) and amine-containing (EM-L) coolants. All of the coolants have excellent emulsion stability for standing in the natural condition butα-1000 and EM-L showed a good anti-rust properties while EX-102 showed a rather poor anti-rust property for the cast iron chips. The vegetable oil has a rather poor stability in lubricating performance than that of the mineral oils and synthetic ester. The alkaline substances dissolved in the amine-free coolant can be separated by the surfactant treatment as well as the oil contents, while some alkaline substances, maybe di-ethanol amine, are still retained in the recovered water from the amine-containing coolant. The activated carbon treatment showed no significant change for all of the coolant. Amine-containing coolant forms no stable emulsion; the recovered water cant utilize as a diluents of newly water-soluble coolant while the amine-free coolants can form a stable emulsion to a certain extent. The most direct attack to make the cutting fluid sustainable would be developing a new emulsifier and corrosion inhibitor that can substitute for amine compounds and can show a good treatability like the amine-free cutting fluid.
Development of Flapping Ornithopters by Precision Injection Molding
Authors: Yang Lung Jieh , Kao Chung Yu , Huang Chin Kwang
Published: April 2012

The authors investigate the component fabrication of a flapping ornithopter with 21.6 cm wing span by using precision injection molding. For making a bio-mimicking flapper like birds, two fold of plastic injection moldings have been done. Firstly the flapping mechanism of a 4-bar linkage gear transmission module has been studied, and the according plastic components for the gear transmission module were designed as light as possible. Thereafter the injection flow analysis in the multi-mold cavity and the fabrication parameters of the molding process has been implemented. The finished polyoxymethylene (POM) components for the transmission module of 1.2 gram in mass finally verify the design and process of the precision injection molding. After the ornithopterGolden Snitchwas assembled and tested with the fore-mentioned plastic 4-bar linkage, a maximum flight record of 480 sec was created in 2010. The second framework of injection molding is to design a bird-like expandable polystyrene (EPS) fuselage with 19.5 cm in length as the mechanical protection. After this ornithopterGolden Snitch-Prowas assembled, it has a successful flight of 230 sec and 100 times of landing capability. In summary, the fabrication of a polymeric bird-like flapper is proved, and the precision injection molding technique shows its feasibility in realization of ornithopters.
Improved Method Based on Fluid Mechanics Analysis for Buoy Gauge Design and Experimental Research
Authors: Chen Ao Yu , Pan Xu Dong , Wang Guang Lin
Published: April 2012

Traditional method of buoy gauge design is rather complicated, so an advanced method by building and solving fluid mechanics equations is proposed in this paper. The curve of the taper pipe inner surface is calculated, according to different buoy gravity and diameter. In order to examine the effect of this improved method, an experiment is carried out. Results show that linear property of the buoy gauge improved by new method is excellent.
Inverse Identification of Elastic Constants of Orthotropic Plates Using the Dispersion of Guided Waves and Artical Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ming , Wang Yu Qing , Ding Jun Cai
Published: April 2012

Using guided wave dispersion characteristics, a procedure based on articial neural network (ANN) is presented to inversely determine the elastic constants of orthotropic plate. The Legendre polynomial method is employed as the forward solver to calculate the dispersion curves of SH wave for orthotropic plates. The group velocities of lowest modes at five lower frequencies are used as the inputs for the ANN model. The outputs of the ANN are the elastic constants of orthotropic plates. This procedure is examined for an actual orthotropic plate. The results indicate that the identified elastic constants are sufficiently close to the original one. The developed inverse procedure is concluded to be robust and efficient.
Design and Validation of a Structural Flexibility Pedestrian Lower Legform
Authors: Wang M.S. , Huang T.J. , Wu C.H.
Published: April 2012

Nowadays automobiles are with good performance and comfortable; however, safety gradually becomes an issue because of high incidence of traffic accidents. Except for occupants injured in traffic accidents, other vulnerable road users, like pedestrians, are also in danger. Pedestrians make up 16% of all road traffic fatalities in the EU and over 30% in Japan, their percentage can exceed 50% in developing countries. In nonfatal car-pedestrian accidents, lower extremities are the most commonly injured body parts.EEVC proposed sub-system tests to evaluate responses and injuries of pedestrians in lateral car-pedestrian accidents, in which lower legform to bumper tests are used to investigate leg injuries. Now the TRL-PLI and Flex-PLI have developed, and both have their pros and cons. In this study it is to modify existing lower legform impactor model, and the new model is still with high biofidelity, inexpensive and easy to manufacture and assemble. The new model can then be made physically and applied to relevant tests and development of pedestrian passive safety system.In order to ensure the biofidelity of new legform impactor model, it is needed to conduct certification tests. Setup and biofidelic corridor of certification tests are based on PMHS tests. This study constructs the finite element model of human-like legform impactor model and makes use of LS-DYNA to perform the same tests as PMHS to evaluate its biofidelity. Certification tests consist of component and assembly tests. Component tests include 3-point leg bending tests and 4-point knee joint bending tests, and assembly tests comprise shearing and bending tests, all above in lateral direction. After finishing all the certification tests, testing results are analyzed and compared with those of two existing legform impactors. One legform to bumper test is conducted as a case of application.
Measurement of Armature Components' Synthetic Stiffness Based on Torque and Grating Ruler Sensor
Authors: Zeng Qi Wen , Wang Hui Feng , Wang Guang Lin
Published: April 2012

The synthetic stiffness measurement principle of Armature Components which is similar to the actual working condition has been proposed. The synthetic stiffness measurement system based on the measurement principle has been established, the composition of this system has been introduced and the realization methods of the single couples loading and torque and angle measurement has been introduced in detail. And related experiments has been conducted. Through analysis the experiment data, the performance of organization has been tested, and so does the rationality of the measurement principle which is proposed.
Cascade Controller Design for Compliant Actuators
Authors: Qiao Tao , Bi Shu Sheng
Published: April 2012

Compliant actuators are widely used in industrial robots due to the fact that the compliant elements have the capacity to absorb excessive collision force and guarantee the robot safety. Moreover, the compliant elements can be also employed as force/torque sensors in the control loops. Therefore, the research on the compliant actuators is of importance in the theory and application sides. Specifically, it is required that the robot systems should have a low stiffness when the subjected collision force is greater than the prescribed injury tolerance. But, in the normal status, the systems maintain the required capability. In this paper, the system stiffness of a compliant actuator is defined as a mechanical impedance (the ratio between output force and output shaft angle). A cascade controller is well designed by following the results on analyzing the characteristic of compliant actuator impedance stability and collision. At the end, simulation results show the effectiveness of the analytic results and designed controller.
Deployment Mechanism Design with Behavioral Modeling Based on Pro/Engineer Motion Skeleton
Authors: Chen Chao , Liu Guan Yang , Zhang Yu Ru , Wang Yan , Cong Qiang , Li Xiao , Li Lin
Published: April 2012

A novel method using motion skeleton and behavioral modeling in Pro/Engineer to design a motion mechanism is proposed in this paper. With this method, intuitive kinematical simulation system of a motion mechanism can be set up quickly and mechanism dimensions can be determined automatically. Deployment mechanism, as one kind of motion mechanisms, is often used to stretch out solar panels or antennas in spacecraft. This method is feasible and reliable to determine the dimensions of a six-bar-linkage deployment mechanism for stretching satellite antennas. Simulation results are obtained with kinematic simulation software Pro/Mechanism. The feasible designing solution to the six-bar-linkage deployment mechanism meets high position precision requirements accurately.
Kinematics Research of 6R Arc Welding Robot Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network
Authors: Song De Zheng , Yun Chao
Published: April 2012

Take serial robot with six DOF for example. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of RBF neural network, inverse kinematics calculation of arc welding robot was achieved by RBF of six-input and single output. The forward and inverse kinematics could be seen as a nonlinear mapping between the joint space and the operation space of the robot. Take the algorithm based on RBF. Acquire RBF centers by the nearest neighbor clustering algorithm. The inverse kinematics of robot was solved. Through learning the training samples of the positive solutions to determine weight coefficient of neural network, the robots pose could be accurately solved. The example shows that the algorithm has the characteristics of simple calculation and effective solution, etc. The cumbersome derivation of traditional methods is avoided. It can be seen as kinematics trajectory tracking controller of serial mechanism system.
Safety Analysis of Tower Crane Based on Fault Tree
Authors: Wang Qing , Xie Li
Published: April 2012

Tower crane are widely used in construction and installation in our country, especially in high-rise building, tower crane is indispensable construction machinery. But the tower crane accident happen high frequency. This essay based on the accident tree analysis methods, combined with tower crane accident type which establish accident tree model, and then resolve the minimal segmental sets, analysis the accident cause factor, According to the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of fault tree analysis, we can put forward some prevention ways and control measures to the tower crane accident in those aspects of unsafe actions of the human beings, insecure status of objects and the defects in safety management.
Investigation of Tool Deflection of Solid Carbide End Mill in Cutting Process
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zhang Yi Du , Gao Xiang Sheng , Fang Lin
Published: April 2012

Tool deflection is one of the important influencing factors for surface roughness and surface integrity of work piece in cutting process. The excessive deflection even causes seriously defects of work piece or failures of tool. This paper gives theory analysis and mathematic method to predict the tool deflection by means of the cantilever beam deflection theory. Based on modeling of 3-dimmsion milling force model, the finite element analysis has been performed for calculation of tool deflection. The experiment of tool deflection of solid end mill is performed to compare simulation and theory. Results show the correction and reliability of research method. It lays a foundation for fast calculation of tool deflection and optimization of milling parameters.
Transient Heat Transfer Simulation in Rapid Heat Cycle Molding with Electric Heating
Authors: Jiang Shao Fei , Kong Yin , Li Ji Quan , Chai Guo Zhong
Published: April 2012

The demand of high quality for plastic products has facilitated the development of Plastic Injection Molding Technology, many new sorts of methods were created to improve the surface quality of plastic products, such as Rapid Heat Cycle Molding. But the temperature response law hasn’t figured out yet, and the influence elements of this process haven’t been clear, which seriously delay the appliction of Rapid Heat Cycle Molding.
Dual-Servo Mechanism of STM for Measurement of Sub Millimeter Deep Trench Structures
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jin Chao , Chen Yuan Liu , Ju Bing Feng
Published: April 2012

This paper presents a new control method of the Z-direction module of STM (scanning tunnel microscope). The major component of our method is a dual-servo mechanism, which is consist of a PZT (Piezoelectric Transducer) and a motorized micro displacement stage. Traditionally, STM employs PZT as the servo scanner, which provides very high precision but has a small range. The mean idea of our method is compensating the insufficient measuring range of the PZT through a motorized micro displacement stage. Our method succeeds to eliminates the limitation of measuring range of PZT and enlarges the vertical measurement scale of STM from sub-micrometer to sub-millimetre.
Precision Grinding of Structured Tungsten Carbide Mold
Authors: Suzuki Hirofumi , Furuki Tatsuya , Okada Mutsumi , Yamagata Yutaka , MORITA Shinya
Published: April 2012

Demands of glass Fresnel lens is increasing in solar panel in order to increase power efficiency. Glass lens is usually molded by glass molding method with tungsten carbide molds. In this study, large Fresnel lens molds made of tungsten carbide are tested to be ground by simultaneous 2-axis (Y, Z) controlled grinding method. The resinoid bonded diamond wheel was trued with a rare metal truer to improve the sharpness of the wheel edge. In the grinding test of the tungsten carbide mold, a form accuracy of less than 0.8 μm P-V and surface roughness of 18 nm Rz were obtained, and it is clarified that the proposed grinding method is useful for the Fresnel grinding.
The Composite Ultra-Precision Processing Technology for the Small Aspheric Mould of Stainless Steel
Authors: Yin Shao Hui , Xu Zhi Qiang , Yu Jian Wu
Published: April 2012

Stainless steel; Aspheric mould; Ultra-precision turning; Magnetorheological polishing Abstract. The ultra precision turning and the inclined-axis type of magnetorheological polishing were introduced for the small aspheric mould of stainless steel. The method was based on the principle of two kinds of processing methods, and the processing feature of stainless steel material. Firstly, the ultra-precision turning was employed to shape aspheric surface rapidly and obtain a relatively good surface. And then, the inclined-axis type of magnetorheological polishing as the final finishing was used to decrease sub-surface damage to obtain better precision. Several of experiments were carried out, the experimental results show that surface roughness can be achieved for Ra 0.0073μm.
Study on Polishing Technology of GaAs Wafer
Authors: Deng Qian Fa , Kong Tao , Li Gan , Yuan Ju Long
Published: April 2012

GaAs are one of the most important semiconductor followed silicon, GaAs wafers are the mostly used substrates for fabricating integrated circuits (ICs). So the quality of ICs depends directly on the quality of GaAs wafers. A series of processes are required to manufacture high quality GaAs wafers. This paper reviews the literature on polishing technology of GaAs wafers, covering the history, summarizes the effects of slurry’s chemical and physical characters such as pH, oxidants, abrasive grit, velocity, and temperature in the polishing process. It also discusses some possible topics for future research.
Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Micromachining of Polycrystalline Diamond
Authors: Li Zeng Qiang , Wu Qi , Wang Jun
Published: April 2012

A femtosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to micromachine polycrystalline diamonds (PCD) and study the ablated microstructure characteristics under different irradiation parameters. With high laser intensity and low traverse speed, a micro cone with very smooth surface and clear edge can be obtained. There was almost no recast layer around the cone and no phase transition on the ablated surfaces was found. By contrast, the use of low laser intensity and high traverse speed could ablate only the grain boundaries without any damage to the diamond grits. These results suggest a need for further research in femtosecond laser micromachining of PCD for potential applications in fabricating new types of micro grinding wheels or diamond pencils.
Study on Machining Characteristics of Sawing Al2O3 Ceramic with Diamond Cut-Off Wheel
Authors: Zheng Feng Biao , Chen Mei , Shen Jian Yun , Guo Hua , Xu Xi Peng
Published: April 2012

In the present study, sawing forces of Al2O3 ceramic and wear of metal-bonded diamond cut-off wheel were examined by counting the statistical data of diamond wear and analyzing the force signals under different sawing conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that normal grinding force reduced with the increasing of sawing speed, and rose with the increasing of workpiece feed rate and grinding depth. In all of the variables, sawing depth made the greatest effects on normal grinding froce. The percentage of whole crystal or pull-out crystal decreased and fractured crystal increased as the sawing depth increased or the sawing speed decreased. Among machining factors, sawing speed was the greatest effectors on the wear of diamond cut-off wheel.