bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical characteristics of silver-based nano-composites fabricated by an environmentally friendly method
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Malakhovska T.O. , Pogodin A.I. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Filep M.J. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine,   Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Kossuth Sq. 6, 90200 Beregovo, Ukraine, Pop M.M. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Studenyak Ya.I. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Nemesh K.M. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Mariychuk R. ,   University of Presov, Faculty of Humanity and Natural Sciences, Department of Ecology, 17th November 1, Presov 08116, Slovakia, Vakulchak V.V. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Komanicky V. ,   P.J. Šafarik University, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, Park Angelinum 9, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia, Vorobiov S. ,   P.J. Šafarik University, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, Park Angelinum 9, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia
Published: March 2023

This work presents a simple and environmentally friendly method of synthesis of chitosan and Ag nanocomposites. The structure of the obtained organic matrix was determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Formation of chitosan- chitin copolymer was discovered. Nanocomposite films with silver content of 9–71 wt.% were prepared. The microstructure and elemental composition of the obtained films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The prepared films are characterized by uniform distribution of silver nanoparticles in the organic matrix. Optical properties were studied by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The diffuse reflectance spectra of the films have maxima. The increase of the Ag 0 concentration in the nanocomposite films was found to lead to the maximum shift of the diffuse reflectance spectra to longer wavelengths. The optical transitions energies were estimated using the Kubelka–Munk function in combination with the Tauc method.
Investigation of energy efficiency index for indoor LED lighting units
Authors:   Photometry and Radiometry Division, National Institute of Standards (NIS), Tersa Str., Al-Haram, 12211 Giza, Egypt Corresponding author, Gaballah A.E.H. , Abdelmageed Alaaeldin ,   Photometry and Radiometry Division, National Institute of Standards (NIS), Tersa Str., Al-Haram, 12211 Giza, Egypt Corresponding author, El-Moghazy E.M. ,   Photometry and Radiometry Division, National Institute of Standards (NIS), Tersa Str., Al-Haram, 12211 Giza, Egypt Corresponding author
Published: March 2023

The energy efficiency index (EEI) is an important factor used as an indicator either for building energy consumption or electronic device performance; it allows one to select effective devices that save energy. This work studies the performance of different types of LED lamps used in indoor lighting, the lamps currently available in the Egyptian market have been tested according to their photometric and electric parameters, namely: luminous flux, power factor, and EEI. Three different brands E, T, and V have been chosen with the nominal powers 9, 12, and 15 W. The results showed that both 9- and 15-Watt lamps have the same EEI values as 0.14, 0.13, and 0.12 for T, V, and E lamps, respectively, whereas 12-Watt lamps have EEI values of 0.16, 0.13, and 0.13 for T, V, and E lamps, respectively. The experimental testing of these lamps revealed that all the lamps have the same EEI class (A+) regardless of the nominal power. The results also revealed a relationship between the power factor and EEI: as the power factor increases, EEI increases, too. The expanded uncertainty in luminous flux has been calculated.
Knowledge, use and traditional management of wildlife in the community of Zoquital, Morelos, Mexico
Authors: Bello Román Mónica , García Flores Alejandro , Pino Moreno José Manuel
Published: March 2023

Through their traditional productive activities, peasant and indigenous communities have generated knowledge on the use and management of wildlife to satisfy their needs for food, medicine or even to complement their basic food basket through the marketing of the species. The objective of this research was to analyze the knowledge, use and traditional management of wildlife in a rural community in the southwestern part of the state of Morelos, Mexico. The methodology included participant observation, semistructured interviews and guided tours and methods for obtaining and analyzing quantitative data “such as analysis of variance, a Mann‒Whitney U test and X2 test”. The interviewees recognized a total of 57 species of wildlife, of which 22 are used as food, medicine, ornament, amulets, furs and agricultural tools in four traditional production units. In addition, eight species were reported in the oral tradition. Four hunting techniques and five weapons were documented, with the shotgun being the most commonly used. Two factors regulate hunting in the community: the closed season and religion. A total of 62,454 kg of useful biomass was recorded, with mammals being the group that contributed the most kilograms, followed by reptiles and birds. There were no significant differences in species consumption, across months or rainy and dry seasons due to factors regulating hunting. Based on the total value index of the species, Odocoileus virginianus was the most important for the inhabitants of the community.
Metodologia testu chi-kwadrat na przykładzie badań ankietowych dotyczących europejskich serów regionalnych
Authors: Oziembłowski Maciej , Lesiów Tomasz , Šabanagić Cornelia
Published: March 2023

Celem badań było praktyczne wskazanie metodologii testu niezależności chi- -kwadrat z wykorzystaniem pakietu programu Statistica na przykładzie wyników ankiety dotyczącej europejskich serów regionalnych. Otrzymano trzy grupy danych: 10 zmiennych jakościowych (kategoryzujących), 4 zmienne jako wielokrotne odpowiedzi, 46 zmiennych jako wielokrotne dychotomie – łącznie 60 zmiennych. Każdej odpowiedzi ankietowej przyporządkowano 4 wyróżniki opisujące respondenta, tj. płeć, wiek, wykształcenie oraz jego miejsce zamieszkania. Przeprowadzono analizę testu chi-kwadrat Pearsona oraz chi-kwadrat największej wiarygodności (NW), łącznie 240 podwójnych testów, oraz obliczono nieparametryczne korelacje rang Spearmana pomiędzy wybranymi zmiennymi. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników udowodniono istnienie 25 statystycznie istotnych zależności pomiędzy analizowanymi zmiennymi a jednym z czterech wyróżników metryczki respondentów. Analiza korelacji rang Spearmana pomiędzy wybranymi zmiennymi wykazała co najwyżej umiarkowaną korelację pomiędzy kilkoma parami zmiennych. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły przydatność testu niezależności chi-kwadrat oraz analizy korelacji rang Spearmana w badaniach ankietowych.
Use of Courgette and Added Citrus Fruit for Jam Production
Authors: Przybylska Sylwia , Przybylski Damian , Lindorf Krzysztof
Published: March 2023

Jams as sweet spreads occupy an important place among the processed products on offer. Despite the wide range of such products, courgette jams are absent. This vegetable, due to its sensory properties: light colour and delicate taste and smell, which can be easily modified with the addition of other components, seems to be a suitable raw material for their production. The aim of this study was to develop jams based on courgetti mixed with 30% of citrus fruits and to assess their impact on the quality of the product. The jams were produced in two versions: traditional with the addition of sugar and “light” with its substitute – xylitol. Color, pH, total extract, total acidity and content of bioactive compounds were determined in them. Sensory evaluation was carried out on a 5-point scale and their general acceptability on a 9-point hedonic scale. Studies have shown that the addition of lime, lemon and orange to the production of courgette jams allowed to obtain products with the best sensory properties and high nutritional value. For comparison, jams with the addition of grapefruit were distinguished by lower acceptability due to the perceptible bitterness of their taste.
Moving forward with innovation in 2023!
Authors: Woodley Stephanie , Ellis Richard , Martin Rachelle , Mooney Sarah , Mudge Suzie , Nunnerley Jo , Perry Meredith , Shaikh Nusratnaaz
Published: March 2023

Editorial
Pelvic tilt in sitting: Do you see what I see? (Maybe not)
Authors: Bagg Matthew , Skinner Ian , Moloney Niamh , Lock Martin , McAuley James , Rabey Martin
Published: March 2023

Examination of pelvic tilt movements are utilised across many fields of physiotherapy. It is important for physiotherapists to establish a clinically helpful, time-efficient test assessing pelvic tilt, reliable within and across multiple assessors. Elgueta-Cancino et al. (2014) described such a test; however, their methodology reduced clinical applicability and revealed limitations regarding examination of test reliability. This study aimed to independently evaluate the reliability of a clinical test of pelvic tilt. Twenty-three participants with chronic low back pain completed the test following standardised instructions and demonstration by one assessor. Participants tilted the pelvis forwards and backwards 10 times in sitting. The test was simultaneously scored on the scale originally described by three blinded assessors. Participants repeated the test one-week later. Inter-assessor reliability was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,1), with a resulting value of 0.52, 95% confidence interval [0.35–0.68]; and a standard error of measurement SEM (with a resulting value of 1.28). The following SEM values were found for intra-assessor agreement: Assessor 1 =1.52, assessor 2 =1.47, and assessor 3 = 1.19. These findings suggest the inter- and intra-assessor reliability of a clinical test of pelvic tilting has insufficient reliability to distinguish between participants across multiple assessors. An observed change of at least 1.5 points may be necessary to be confident true change in test performance has occurred.
The essence and functions of money in the accounting and financial system of the industrial enterprise
Authors: Vaskovska K. , Kyssa M. , Holovachenko L.
Published: March 2023

Any enterprise cannot function effectively in modern conditions without effective management of itsfinancial resources. The article defines the term «money». It has been shown that the presence of cash inthe enterprise affects the efficiency of its operation and that money is a product of the evolutionary development of commodity relations. The risks of violation of the continuous system of settlements between legalentities have been reflected, the signs of money have been characterized. An analysis of the interpretation ofthe concept of «money» given in the economic literature was made. It has been studied how a decrease incash receipts reduces outgoing cash flows, one of the most controversial issues in the theory of money hasbeen considered - the question of the functions of money and its essence in accordance with the theoreticaland methodological developments of foreign and domestic economists. It has been proven that the correctness of decision-making management depends on the correct use of information on the movement of funds.The role of electronic money in the modern world has been reflected and it has been shown that electronicmoney is a very convenient means for making quick payments.
Effect of Sn doping on sinterability and electrical conductivity of strontium hafnate
Authors: Khaliullina Adelya S. , Meshcherskikh Anastasia N. , Dunyushkina Liliya A.
Published: March 2023

The effect of isovalent substitution of hafnium by tin in strontium hafnate on sinterability and electrical conductivity was studied for the first time. The ceramic samples SrHfxSn1–xO3–δ (x = 0–0.16) were synthesized by solid-state reaction and sintered at 1600 °C for 5 h. The samples were examined using the methods of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and four-probe direct current technique. It was shown that all samples were phase pure and had the orthorhombic structure of SrHfO3 with the Pnma space group. Sn doping resulted in an increase in grain size, relative density and conductivity; the sample with x = 0.08 demonstrated the highest conductivity, which was ~830 times greater than that of undoped strontium hafnate at 600 °C. The conductivity of SrHf0.92Sn0.08O3–δ was 4.1∙10–6 S cm–1 at 800 °C in dry air. The possible reasons for the effect of Sn on the electrical properties of strontium hafnate were discussed.
An overview of wastewater treatment using combined heterogeneous photocatalysis and membrane distillation
Authors: Abdulrahman Sarah A. , Ibraheem Salah S. , Shnain Zainab Y.
Published: March 2023

The need for efficient remediation solutions to wastewater has risen due to the concerning prevalence of toxic organic pollutants. It is possible for the linked photocatalysis-membrane separation system to concurrently achieve the photoreaction of pollutants and their removal from wastewater in order to accomplish the goal of completely purifying the wastewater. This investigation's objective is to provide analytical overview of the photocatalytic and membrane coupling process, photocatalytic membrane reactors, and the potential applications of these technologies in the treatment of wastewater for the persistent organic matter removal. In the review, an examination of photocatalytic and membrane processes to remove organic compounds from wastewater is presented. Based on the literature analysis, it was observed that the application of photocatalytic membrane reactors is significantly influenced by a wide variety of factors. Some of these factors include pollutant concentration, dissolved oxygen, aeration, pH, and hydraulic retention time. Light intensity is another factor that has a significant influence. It was also revealed how distillation membranes work when integrated with photocatalytic process. This brief overview will help researchers understand how successful coupled photocatalytic and membrane distillation are in the treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants.
Sanctions as an Important Aspect of Economics: Comparative Analysis of Russian Media Publications
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Konoplev Dmitry E.
Published: March 2023

The article examines the media discourse built around the information coverage of the sanction’s regimes in the economic publications of the Russian media. By the methods of qualitative and quantitative content analysis and statistical analysis, the author tries to find out what explains this or that reaction of the media to various sanctions reasons. Based on a sample of five thematic blocks for the period from 2014 to 2022, including more than 12,000 publications, the author comes to the conclusion that the issues of sanctions are insignificant for economic texts if they do not affect the projects of Russian companies. Separately, the author’s attention is drawn to the issue of subjectivity of journalists while covering the topic of sanctions. In conclusion, the presented thematic groups of journalistic texts are classified according to the specifics of the sanction’s topic disclosed in them.
The Role of Journalism in The Formation of Video Game Culture in Russia
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Arkhipov Pavel E.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to game journalism and its role in the formation of video game culture in Russia. The historical material reveals the problem of incompleteness of information on this topic. We propose our own version of the definition and description of the stages of development of game periodicals in Russia from the 1970s to the present day. The immediate prospects of this development are outlined. The influence of game journalism on game culture is considered.
The Pronoun “You” in O. Mandelstam’s Late Lyrics: Variants of the Addressee and the Nature Of Functioning
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Gogoleva Inna O.
Published: March 2023

This article examines the nature of the functioning of the pronoun “you” in the late lyrics of O. Mandelstam. Variants of the addressee of the pronoun “you” are analyzed, as well as the features of the intonation of the verses in which it is used. The frequent use of the pronoun of the second person indicates the appeal of the lyrical subject to the world. The pronoun “you” in the poems of O. Mandelstam of the 1930s refers both to persons (another creator, beloved, oneself or an indefinite interlocutor), and to objects or phenomena (locus, time, poetry, death, untruth, jug). Such a multivariance addressee testifies to the extreme openness of the lyrical subject and readiness for dialogue with various interlocutors. In some cases, the dialogue with another one turns out to be a dialogue of the lyrical subject with himself.
“Here Will Be a City. We Will Call It Selikhov”. Ural Works by A. D. Salynsky
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Podlubnova Yulia S.
Published: March 2023

The article touches upon the Sverdlovsk period of the life of the playwright and writer Afanasy Dmitrievich Salynsky (late 1940s — early 1950s). Based on archival materials we established some facts of his biography, related to his studies at the Literary Institute and the creation of the first literary works. However the focus of the study is the Ural creativity of A. D. Salynsky: the essay “Georgy Falin”, the fairy tale “Petya’s Toys”, the plays “The Road of the First” and “The Dangerous Satellite” as well as the ideas of other plays and scenarios. The artistic features of the Ural works of the writer and playwright are considered, critical reviews are given on them, the type of the hero of the plays is revealed (an enthusiast, innovator, drummer of production), his Ural features are determined. In fact we traced the path of A. D. Salynsky from from being the editor of a regional book publishing house to becoming a famous Soviet playwright.
Crise, austeridade fiscal e insegurança alimentar: fatores associados, tendências e distribuição espacial via PNAD e POF
Authors: Amaral Marcelo Rubens dos Santos do , Silva Pedro Luis do Nascimento , Leon Antonio Carlos Monteiro Ponce de
Published: March 2023

Este estudo visa identificar e analisar fatores associados à Insegurança Alimentar (IA), tendências e distribuição espacial para estratos geográficos. Investigou-se a hipótese de piora do desfecho de IA grave, medido pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA), nos domicílios como efeito da crise e/ou da política de austeridade. O artigo envolve estudos com desenho transversal para análises seccionais e ecológico misto de tendências espaço-temporais, a partir de 4 inquéritos nacionais do IBGE. Adotou-se procedimento de calibração dos pesos segundo distribuição por sexo e faixa etária e métodos de estimação e modelagem que incorporam efeitos do desenho amostral. A regressão de Poisson com estimação robusta de variância foi empregada para estimar razões de prevalências de IA grave em nível etiológico. Para o nível ecológico, empregou-se duas abordagens de modelagem multinível para medidas repetidas de estratos: regressão múltipla log-log para associações; e, modelagem de splines para estimação de tendências. Os achados apontam impactos da austeridade vigente, com mudanças de tendências no Programa Bolsa Família e reflexos sobre o aumento da IA grave. Projeta-se o aumento da IA e afastamento do alcance do objetivo nº 2 dos ODS em 2030 pelo Brasil, a despeito do sucesso obtido em 2014 para o ODM nº 1.
USOS DAS TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Oliveira Janaina Prieto , Esteves Thais Vieira , Silva Fernanda França Velo , Toledo Maria Elena Roman de Oliveira , Azevedo Sergio Alves , Morais Suelen Cristian de Freita
Published: March 2023

A pandemia provocada pelo novo coronavírus trouxe uma série de desafios ao ensino superior e à educação como um todo. Resultou em fechamento das atividades nacionalmente, interrompendo o formato tradicional de ensino presencial e forçando professores e alunos a ficarem em casa. Com isso, as instituições de ensino foram compelidas a pensar em formas alternativas para continuidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Assim, o campo educacional experimentou uma variação significativa com a inclusão das Tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs). Baseando-se no método qualitativo e exploratório, a pesquisa parte de um universo composto por 283 matérias jornalísticas online pertencentes aos dois primeiros anos de pandemia que, após seleção, resultou em 27 matérias para análise detalhada. Os resultados da investigação convergem para três conjuntos de domínios principais: (1) aspectos estruturais, (2) relativos ao corpo docente e ao (3) corpo discente. A análise pormenorizada dos materiais selecionados permitiu a constatação de que as TICs, enquanto ferramentas de suporte deram mais flexibilidade, adaptabilidade e dinamismo ao sistema educativo, permitindo a continuidade do processo de ensino. Embora o uso dessas tecnologias tenha trazido novas e significativas possibilidades para as práticas educativas, sua adoção enfrentou, e ainda enfrentam diversos desafios relacionados à formação docente, à resistência as mudanças por parte das equipes educativas, às características estruturais das instituições de ensino e à necessidade de motivação dos discentes.
EVALUACIÓN DE LAS PRÁCTICAS INCLUSIVAS DE DOCENTES MEXICANOS DE PRIMARIA Y SECUNDARIA
Authors: Cedillo Ismael García , Contreras Silvia Romero , Martínez Blanca Nely Vázquez , Reyna Eugenio Blanco
Published: March 2023

El desarrollo de la educación inclusiva constituye un proceso muy exigente, pues requiere de muchos recursos y, sobre todo, de la participación de la planta docente. El presente estudio se propuso como objetivos identificar las prácticas inclusivas de los maestros y valorar la utilidad de distintos instrumentos que las evalúan de manera directa o indirecta. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte cuantitativo entre 2020 y 2021 en cinco escuelas semiurbanas (cuatro primarias y una secundaria) del estado de San Luis Potosí, México, donde participaron 29 docentes. Se evaluaron las prácticas inclusivas de maestros que cuentan con el apoyo de servicios de educación especial con cinco instrumentos (cuatro de autorreporte y uno de observación). Se encontró que los instrumentos proporcionan información útil y complementaria entre sí. El profesorado obtuvo, en general, altos puntajes en sus prácticas inclusivas, aunque se evidenció que se requiere apoyo para manejar apropiadamente las conductas disruptivas de su alumnado. En conclusión, los instrumentos utilizados permitieron identificar las fortalezas y áreas de oportunidad para continuar avanzando en la implementación de la educación inclusiva.
Determination of suppression efficiency of vermicompost extracts on some aerial fungal plant pathogens
Authors: Uzunok Servet , Kuşvuran Şebnem
Published: March 2023

The use of vermicompost in agriculture has become increasingly common, especially in organic agriculture. In this research, the suppression efficiency of horse and cattle vermicompost extracts against some aerial fungal plant pathogens (Monilinia laxa, Cytospora leucostoma, Botryosphaeria obtusa, Phomopsis viticola, Alternaria mali, and Botrytis cinerea) that damage fruit trees and are common in fruit production areas, was studied for the first time in our country. 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations of horse and cattle extracts were tested against fungal plant isolates. The results were evaluated by two-way ANOVA testing the suppression rates of vermicompost extracts in petri plates. While the best results were found in M. laxa (90.6%), P. viticola (80.2%), A. mali (65.1%) at 100% concentration for horse and cattle vermicomposts respectively, the suppression of B. obtusa (44.7%), C. leucostoma (38.1%), and B. cinerea (35.5%) was found to be lower.
Evaluation of fluoride ion residues in black tea after fumigation with sulfuryl fluoride
Authors: Aktuğ Üzeyir , Duydu Yalçın
Published: March 2023

Sulfuryl fluoride is a colorless, odorless gas used as a fumigant against pests during the storage of durable agricultural products. It is also one of the alternatives to methyl bromide, which is banned by the Montreal Protocol. During a fumigation, the decomposition product of sulfuryl fluoride residue can also be formed in addition to the sulfuryl fluoride residue. Fluoride is actually a natural ingredient of the tea plant. However, within the growing process of the tea plant fluoride is concentrated in the old leaves when compared with the young shoots. Investigating the variation of the fluoride content in black tea before and after sulfuryl fluoride fumigation is the subject of this study. Three different brands of black teas with different fluoride concentrations purchased from local supermarkets in 2022 were fumigated with approximately 60 g/m3 of sulfuryl fluoride for 24 hours in a 1 m3 fumigation chamber. The AOAC’s recommended method for extraction of fluoride in plants (Method 975.04) was applied in this study. It was compared with the fluoride contents after fumigation in teas (41.4; 165.1 and 329.5 mg/kg, respectively). It is concluded that there is no statistically [t(7)=0,284; t(7)=0,769 and t(7)=1,419 p>0,05] significant difference in fluoride content in teas after fumigation.
A faunistic study of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Northeastern Anatolia Region (Erzurum: Yakutiye and Uzundere) of Türkiye
Authors: BARİK Gülnur , ÇORUH Saliha
Published: March 2023

This faunistic study was conducted to determine the species of Ichneumonidae collected by insect net from Erzurum, Yakutiye and Uzundere districts of Türkiye between June and November in 2020-2021. As a result of this research, 232 specimens representing 17 species from 14 genera belonging to subfamilies Cremastinae, Cryptinae, Ichneumoninae and Pimplinae were distinguished. Among them, Mesoleptus vigilatorius (Förster, 1876), Mesostenus funebris Gravenhorst, 1829 and Cubocephalus associator (Thunberg, 1822) are new to the Turkish fauna. The collecting area, date of collection, altitude of collection, specimens and sex number, visited plants, their distribution in Türkiye and general geographic distribution of species have been presented.
Examining Mother-Child Agreement in the Reports of Child Competence by Maternal Education and Gender
Authors: ÖZEN Elif , YENİAD Nihal , BORKAN Bengu
Published: March 2023

This study aims to examine whether the level of agreement between mothers’ and children’s reports of children’s self-perception across different areas differ(s) by child gender and maternal educational level. The sample consisted of adolescents aged between 9 and 14 and their mothers (N = 270). Adolescents filled out Harter’s Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC; 2012) to assess their competence in different domains (e.g., social adjustment, school success). The instructions for SPCC were modified for mothers to evaluate their children’s perception of competence. The reports of mothers and their children were compared, and the results indicated low-to-moderate agreement between mothers-child dyads about children’s sense of competence. Second, children were found to have a higher global sense of self-worth and perceive themselves as more competent in social, behavioral, and athletic areas when compared to their mothers’ perceptions. Finally, it was determined that the agreement between the mother-child dyad differs by the mothers’ education level and the child’s gender. Accordingly, low-educated mothers perceived their children as less behaviorally competent than the children themselves did. Regarding social competence, the perception of low-educated mothers differed with their daughters but not with their sons. The results were discussed in view of the context of Turkish mothers’ socialization and gender role expectations.
Bursevî'nin Nesih Konusunu Değerlendirmesi
Authors: Mollaibrahimoğlu Süleyman , İskeçeli Sıla
Published: March 2023

Nesih meselesi, Kur’ân tefsirinin doğru ve sağlıklı olarak yapılabilmesi ya da hükümlerin doğru çıkarılabilmesi açısından önem teşkil eden ilimler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı Devleti’nin velûd âlimleri arasında sayılan müfessir İsmâil Hakkı Bursevî’nin çeyrek asra yakın zamanda bir yandan halka vaaz olarak sunduğu diğer yandan da kaleme aldığı tefsiri Rûhu’l-beyân başta olmak üzere Temâmü’l-feyz ve Kitâbü’n-netice adlı eserlerinde nesih meselesini nasıl değerlendirdiği gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Öncelikle nesih kavramına kısaca değinilerek, Kur’ân’da neshin yer alıp almadığına dair bazı görüşlere yer verilmiştir. Ardından müfessirin nesih kavramına yüklediği anlamlar tespit edilerek, nesih çeşitlerini örneklendirmesi gösterilmiş ve nesihte dikkat çektiği hikmetler üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca müfessirin Kur’ân’ın zâhirinde ya da bâtınında neshi nasıl kabul ettiğine yönelik düşünceleri belirtilmiştir. Bununla birlikte neshin diğer şeriatlardaki durumu hakkındaki düşünceleri incelenmiştir. Neticede Bursevî’nin Kur’ân âyetlerinin birbirini neshini uygun bulduğu ve âyetin sünneti neshi ya da sünnetin âyeti neshine müspet yaklaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Tefsirinde işârî yorumların fazla olmasına rağmen neshi işârî açıdan değerlendirmediği görülmüştür.
Nopal/tuna, mercado y territorio en México: un enfoque de capacidades
Authors: Roldan cruz Edgar Ivan , Miranda Hugo Chavarria
Published: March 2023

Se intenta esbozar la vigente realidad del mercado de nopal fruta y nopal verdura en México, pero más aún visibilizar ciertas capacidades ya existentes en los territorios productores del país. Así pues, a partir de ciertos herramientas metodológicas (conglomerado jerárquico, análisis de correspondencia y método coremático) y con el apoyo interpretativo del enfoque de capacidades, es factible aseverar cierto trazo dominante sobre cada cadena de suministro del nopal (Patrón Solar) y tuna (Patrón Dendrítico), ancladas por diferenciados segmentos de consumo (nopal) y demanda homogénea especializada (tuna). Pero más aún, al visibilizar las dualidades agrícolas/rurales de las principales capacidades ponderadas, se evidencia ciertos destellos dominantes que intentan revertir la aún escasa penetración agroindustrial que hoy subyuga en mayor medida en los territorios con presencia de producción de tuna y poco distante a los espacios del nopal. Quizás es posible propiciar cierto efector multiplicador al profundizar la incidencia de las restantes capacidades en busca de un enfoque integral agroalimentario. Se concluye que, México pese a ser el origen y dispersión de la planta, ésta no es equiparable ni por la limitada diversidad agroindustrial en la que sobrevive ni mucho menos por los tradicionales criterios que aún definen la calidad en el mercado.
Movilidad y Desarrollo rural: Acción colectiva de los migrantes en el centro de México
Authors: Chavez Alejandro Rosendo , Baca Tavira Norma , Herrera Tapia Francisco
Published: March 2023

La migración internacional como un hecho de movilidad es un factor de transformación en las sociedades contemporáneas, por su parte, el enfoque del desarrollo rural territorial se construye con la participación de las personas que viven en el territorio, tomando en cuenta incluso a las personas ausentes, que ayudan en la reproducción de la sociedad. Las asociaciones de oriundos son justamente una manifestación de cómo la migración y la participación han contribuido al desarrollo comunitario en los territorios migratorios. Mediante un acercamiento cualitativo (cuestionarios abiertos y entrevistas semiestructuradas) con diversos actores del municipio de Almoloya de Alquisiras, en el periodo 2017 a 2020. Los resultados arrojan que en la comunidad de origen hay acciones individuales y colectivas, que son encaminadas al desarrollo rural, pero con resultados limitados hasta ahora, por falta de sinergia con los demás actores del territorio y la falta de capacitación de los tomadores de decisiones en la administración pública local.
Política ambiental ecuatoriana sobre cambio climático como garantía del derecho a un ambiente sano
Authors: Subía-Cabrera Andrea Carolina , Subía-Cabrera John-Fernando
Published: March 2023

En el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19, enfermedad infecciosa vinculada al deterioro ambiental, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la política pública ecuatorianas en razón del cambio climático como garantía del derecho humano a un ambiente sano, a través de una investigación de tipo documental basada en la teoría conductista de políticas públicas. Se utiliza el método deductivo y la técnica de análisis documental. Ecuador ha incorporado normativa para la adaptación y mitigación del cambio climático y ha implementado planes y programas de eliminación de gases de efecto invernadero; no obstante, la política ambiental requiere atención estatal e inversión para la financiación nacional (público-privada). El sector estratégico salud requiere presupuesto para garantizar el derecho a un ambiente sano y ecológicamente equilibrado.
Evaluating 3D human face reconstruction from a frontal 2D image, focusing on facial regions associated with foetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: Atuhaire Felix , Egger Bernhard , Mutsvangwa Tinashe
Published: March 2023

Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a preventable condition caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The FAS facial phenotype is an important factor for diagnosis, alongside central nervous system impairments and growth abnormalities. Current methods for analysing the FAS facial phenotype rely on 3D facial image data, obtained from costly and complex surface scanning devices. An alternative is to use 2D images, which are easy to acquire with a digital camera or smart phone. However, 2D images lack the geometric accuracy required for accurate facial shape analysis. Our research offers a solution through the reconstruction of 3D human faces from single or multiple 2D images. We have developed a framework for evaluating 3D human face reconstruction from a single-input 2D image using a 3D face model for potential use in FAS assessment. We first built a generative morphable model of the face from a database of registered 3D face scans with diverse skin tones. Then we applied this model to reconstruct 3D face surfaces from single frontal images using a model-driven sampling algorithm. The accuracy of the predicted 3D face shapes was evaluated in terms of surface reconstruction error and the accuracy of FAS-relevant landmark locations and distances. Results show an average root mean square error of 2.62 mm. Our framework has the potential to estimate 3D landmark positions for parts of the face associated with the FAS facial phenotype. Future work aims to improve on the accuracy and adapt the approach for use in clinical settings. Significance: Our study presents a framework for constructing and evaluating a 3D face model from 2D face scans and evaluating the accuracy of 3D face shape predictions from single images. The results indicate low generalisation error and comparability to other studies. The reconstructions also provide insight into specific regions of the face relevant to FAS diagnosis. The proposed approach presents a potential cost-effective and easily accessible imaging tool for FAS screening, yet its clinical application needs further research.
Non-linear effects of stress on eyewitness memory
Authors: Gering Milton , Johnson Tayla , Tredoux Colin
Published: March 2023

The effect of stress on face identification is not yet clear, with recent experiments finding positive, negative and null results. Here we report the results of two experiments examining the effect of stress on eyewitness performance in line-up face recognition tasks. Both experiments use a stress manipulation and live mock crime paradigm to examine the relationship between stress at encoding and subsequent line-up performance. Experiment 1 replicated an experiment by Sauerland et al. (Behav Sci Law. 2016;34(4):580–594) which induced stress using the Maastricht Acute Stress Test. The replication found the same null result as the original experiment. Experiment 2 aimed to address a limitation of many laboratory experiments which dichotomise stress into low and high groups for comparison. As the Yerkes-Dodson law (1908) suggests that a non-linear relationship exists between stress and performance, it was hypothesised that using a low, medium and high stress manipulation might show clearer results than a dichotomous paradigm. The results of Experiment 2 show a non-linear relationship, with no difference between the low and high stress groups but better performance by the middle stress group. The results suggest that a different approach is required in experiments on stress and face recognition, as the stress–performance relationship is likely non-linear.
Significance:

Non-linear models are better predictors of face recognition in line-up tasks than are linear models.
Two group designs provide insufficient resolution to capture the stress–performance relationship.
Changes in the own group bias across immediate and delayed recognition tasks
Authors: Tredoux Colin , Megreya Ahmed M. , Nortje Alicia , Kempen Kate
Published: March 2023

Face recognition is biased in favour of in-group identity, particularly strongly for race or ethnicity but to some extent also for sex and age. This ‘own group bias’ (OGB) can have profound implications in practical settings, with incorrect identification of black suspects by white witnesses constituting 40% of criminal exonerations investigated by the Innocence Project. Although authors have offered several explanations for the OGB in face recognition, there is little consensus, apart from the acknowledgement that the bias must reflect perceptual learning history. One matter that is not currently clear is whether the bias occurs at encoding, or at retrieval from memory. We report an experiment designed to tease out bias at encoding, versus bias at retrieval. Black and white South African participants encoded 16 target faces of both the same and other race and gender, and attempted immediately afterward to match the target faces to members of photograph arrays that either contained or did not contain the targets. After a further delay, they attempted to identify the faces they had encoded from memory. Results showed a strong crossover OGB in the delayed matching task, but an asymmetrical OGB at retrieval (only white participants showed the OGB). Further investigation of recognition performance, considering only images correctly matched in the delayed matching task, showed a narrowly non-significant OGB at retrieval, but the investigation was likely not sufficiently powered to discover the effect, if it exists.
Significance:

We demonstrate the presence of a crossover OGB in face recognition in a sample of black and white South Africans in a delayed matching task (a measure of encoding).
Our findings show that the OGB may change rapidly. In the present study, the OGB took a crossover form at retrieval immediately after encoding, but was asymmetrical when assessed shortly afterwards.
We used a novel approach for disentangling effects at encoding and at retrieval, but do not provide clear evidence to distinguish whether the OGB is a failure of encoding or of memory retrieval.
Changes Needed in the Training and Education of the Increasing Numbers of Female Medical Students
Authors: Lee Chang-Woo
Published: March 2023

Women’s educational opportunities have been increasing and women’s general advancement in higher education is the underlying factor behind the increasing number of female students in medical school. A number of issues affect female students and residents, including the existence of gender bias and sexual harassment, higher stress levels and lower levels of work satisfaction, the lack of role models in academic medicine, and conflict between work and family roles, including challenges surrounding having children. To what extent female and male medical students and residents make different career and life style choices is also an important issue. The shortage of doctors in surgical departments and maldistribution among specialties are of great concern in the health care system and medicine’s future. We must prepare to solve these problems. New medical policies and educational approaches are needed for the future.
Outcome-Based Curriculum Development at Inje University College of Medicine
Authors: Lee Jong-Tae , Rhee Byoung Doo , Roh Hye Rin
Published: March 2023

This paper focuses on the outcome-based curriculum of Inje University College of Medicine to describe our curriculum development process and results. Starting in 2006, we have revised the curriculum based on the competency-based clinical presentation curriculum. We stated clearly the learning outcomes from the social needs and educational goal of our university. We defined 8 exit outcomes and specified phase outcomes, course outcomes, lesson outcomes, and outcome objectives. By 2012, we identified 128 clinical presentations and 149 basic scientific concepts. Various evaluation and assessment methods and teaching-learning strategies were assigned to each outcome. Problem-based learning, standardized patient practice, and learning portfolios are the main strategies of our curriculum. We have performed a progress test to assess the level of achievement of students’ outcomes. We have also collected feedback from students and faculty members about the curriculum, including every lesson, course, and the overall curriculum. To maintain this change of the curriculum, we reorganized the curriculum committee, educational faculty and teams, and administrative support system. To fine tune this curriculum, we have held three 3-day workshops on curriculum development and weekly meetings. We believe this is just the beginning of developing the curriculum of Inje University. Further upgrades will be necessary to continue to improve medical education.
The Change of Basic and Postgraduate Medical Education after Intern Training System Dismantling
Authors: Kim Byung Soo
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to review the expected changes in the medical educational environment and to evaluate approaches to coping with the abolition of the postgraduate intern training system. It is expected that after the intern training system is dismantled, postgraduate medical students will be deprived of the opportunity to practice opportunity for clinical practice and to inquire into their medical specialization. Therefore, major improvements in the clinical education curriculum must be made so that students can do so through the clinical education program. Offering students the opportunity to perform clinical practice through the clinical education program might require a revision in the laws and regulations on clinical education as well as the standardization of the clinical education curriculum in line with international practices. Reform measures to provide students the opportunity to inquire their specializations might be the introduction of a medical curriculum containing diverse fields and the establishment of a matching program to assign medical students to their residency programs after medical school. Finally, the fact that the basic concern of postgraduate medical education is the cultivation of primary care physicians must not be forgotten even after the dismantling of the postgraduate intern training system.
Major Reforms and Issues of the Medical Licensing Examination Systems in Korea
Authors: Baik Sang-Ho
Published: March 2023

Since the establishment of the national medical licensing examination board in 1992, the medical licensing examination system has changed enormously and this has had a number of impacts on examination services. All those reforms were aimed at improving the relevance and reliability of the test. Several attempts of the testing system have appeared in the new examination service, and which have also brought about the changes in the medical school curriculum such as introducing integrated courses instead of traditional subjects, using test scores as a reference to the post-graduation selection test. Some examples of changes in the examination system are as follows: 1) choosing three integrated test subjects and outlines of their reference content instead of 15 academic subjects, 2) adjusting the ratio of multiple choice question items to focus more on the problem solving level, 3) introduction of ‘one-best answer’ single set and ‘extended matching type items, 4) item construction based on real clinical cases and real clinical materials. Recently, a clinical skill test system has been introduced to measure examinees’ basic clinical skills competencies. Despite continuing efforts, the examination system still has many issues remaining to be solved. These problems include the differential weighting of test items, appropriate threshold for passing, and practicality of pre-testing to stabilize the passing rate and avoid the hazards of newness and undesirably difficult test items.
The Role of the Concept of Competence in Korean Outcome-based Medical Education
Authors: Lee Yo Ba
Published: March 2023

Before Outcome-based curriculum reform, medical graduate school and medical schools of korea need to understand limit or threshold of outcome-based education’s point of view. This article examines the multi-dimensional concept of competence suggested by Stoof and colleagues and discusses about implication for outcomebased education in medical education of Korea. Because Stoof and colleagues’s five dimensions of competence reveal various concepts and educational methods of competence. Therefore, It is possible to use to identify the strengths and weaknesses of outcome-based education of Korea as a reference standard. Five dimensions of competence suggested by Stoof and colleagues is consist of ‘personal vs. task characteristics,’ ‘individual vs. distributed competence,’ ‘specific vs. general competence,’ ‘levels of competence vs. competence as a level,’ and ‘teachable vs. non-teachable.’ Implication for outcome-based education in medical education of Korea is, first, that It should recognize to outcome-based education as a one of educational models approaching to competence. Second, discussion about competence should be expanded from pre-medical education to graduated medical education and continuing medical education
Prevalence of Operation Room‐Related Syncope and Presyncope among Medical Students
Authors: Choi Seong Jin , Park Kyung Hye , Han Kyoung-Hee , Park Eun Young , Kim Sung Hoon , Uh Young
Published: March 2023

Attending the operation room is an essential part of surgical clerkships. Syncope or presyncopal attacks in the operation room may negatively affect students’ learning and career development. This study set out to identify the prevalence of syncope and presyncopal attacks in the operation room during medical students’ surgical clerkships. Data from 420 medical students (303 men and 117 women) in their 3rd year of clerkship were collected between 2014 and 2017. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to assess the prevalence and degree of syncope and presyncopal symptoms. A total of 27% of the respondents had experienced syncope or presyncopal symptoms, 49.6% of the female students and 18.8% of the male students (p