bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización de la efectividad e innovación en Centros de Salud Familiar
Authors: Vidal Francisca
Published: January 2016

Este estudio busca desarrollar instrumentos que permitan caracterizar a los Centros de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) en relación a la efectividad de su gestión y su capacidad de innovación. Para evaluar la efectividad en gestión se desarrolla un modelo multicriterio, siguiendo la metodología de análisis jerárquico, que permite incorporar la opinión de expertos y evaluar la consistencia de sus juicios. Se determina que dentro de los criterios estratégicos de efectividad de la gestión el que tiene una mayor importancia relativa es gestión clínica, seguido de gestión administrativa y finalmente trabajo intersectorial. Estos factores son evaluados por medio de 25 indicadores, que se encuentran agrupados en criterios intermedios. Para estudiar la capacidad de innovación de los establecimientos se adapta la encuesta KEYS. Se agregan preguntas referentes a las barreras para la innovación en el sector público y de relación con el entorno, además de adecuar el lenguaje a las particularidades del mundo de la salud. Se obtiene un instrumento con 79 preguntas, agrupadas en 10 dimensiones, que permiten conocer las fortalezas y debilidades de las organizaciones para innovar. Ambas herramientas son probadas en 6 CESFAM de la Región Metropolitana, definidos a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por criterio, pertenecientes a 6 comunas distintas y a 4 Servicios de Salud. Finalmente, se comparan los resultados de efectividad de la gestión y capacidad de innovación, encontrando indicios de una posible relación entre ambos, que puede ser estudiada en detalle en próximas investigaciones con una muestra de mayor tamaño.
El diseño del Centro de Gobierno Latinoamericano: un análisis comparado del rol de la presidencia
Authors: Rosales Felipe
Published: January 2016

Esta investigación identifica las principales tendencias regionales asociadas al diseño institucional del Centro de Gobierno. Para esto, se consideran ocho países seleccionados en función de dos criterios: uno de máxima diferencia en la configuración institucional del Centro de Gobierno y otro de disponibilidad para acceder a la información. El desarrollo de este estudio tiene como objetivo general analizar la incidencia que posee el sistema político, el comportamiento organizacional de la presidencia y su diseño institucional sobre la configuración de rasgos comunes a nivel latinoamericano. Se evidencia un escenario caracterizado por la coexistencia de tres diseños institucionales. El primer modelo caracterizado por países que han logrado un alto nivel de formalidad institucional, conjugando baja centralidad y altos niveles de especialización (México y Brasil). El segundo modelo corresponde a países que poseen un menor grado de formalidad institucional, combinando una alta centralidad y un bajo nivel de especialización funcional (Chile, Costa Rica y El Salvador). Finalmente, el último modelo destaca por la presencia de instituciones con diversos niveles de formalidad, lo cual genera una indefinición del comportamiento institucional del Centro de Gobierno (Argentina, Ecuador y Paraguay).
Análisis y recomendaciones para la continuidad de la iniciativa Tus Competencias en Ciencias del programa explora de CONICYT, en establecimientos educacionales de Chile
Authors: Arismendi Paula
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo describe el diseño de la iniciativa Tus Competencias en Ciencias a través de una metodología cualitativa de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo, que analiza los resultados de la implementación de TCC en sus ocho años de funcionamiento. Se aplicaron encuestas a profesores de TCC y Directores de Proyectos Asociativos Regionales, a fin de conocer su percepción sobre la ejecución de los talleres y los factores de éxito que podrían ayudar en la continuidad o masividad de TCC. Se concluye que existe una percepción positiva de la iniciativa, pero que requiere ajustes para su continuidad. El Programa Explora de CONICYT se visualiza como una entidad que no tiene la capacidad orgánica para asumir la ampliación de la iniciativa, no obstante, podría solucionarse en la medida que cuente con el apoyo financiero del Ministerio de Educación.
Evaluación cualitativa, comprensiva y comparativa del funcionamiento del Sistema Nacional de Planificación de Haití
Authors: François Willy
Published: January 2016

Se analizó la estructura y gestión del sistema nacional de planificación de Haití, a través de un modelo teórico elaborado por el Instituto Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Planificación Económica Social (ILPES). El análisis se basó en una comparación a nivel estructural de los sistemas de planificación de Haití y de República Dominica, y en una encuesta realizada en el Ministerio de Planificación y de la Cooperación Externa (MPCE) de Haití, con el fin de identificar los nodos críticos de gestión. Se pudo constatar que el sistema de planificación de Haití cuenta con casi todos los componentes que necesita un sistema de planificación, sin embargo se destacan algunas fallas en la estructura de planificación. Adicionalmente, se identificaron algunos nodos críticos de estructura, producto de la ausencia de leyes que constituyan un marco legal para definir las funciones, los roles, los atributos y la gestión. Del mismo modo se destacó una ruptura entre el nivel estratégico y los niveles programáticos y operativos.
Política de supervisión y aseguramiento de calidad de la educación superior de El Salvador: análisis de los resultados de la implementación del subsistema de evaluación institucional periodo 1999-2011
Authors: Escamilla Cristela
Published: January 2016

La aplicación de la Ley de Educación Superior en El Salvador, promulgada en 1996, ha internalizado los procesos de mejoramiento de calidad en las IES. Sin embargo, durante los 15 años desde la Ley, se ha carecido de un sistema de seguimiento y evaluación, que permita analizar los avances de la calidad. Con el objetivo de contar con un análisis actualizado del proceso de evaluación institucional, se estudiaron tres fuentes de información: i) Resoluciones emitidas por el Ministerio de Educación, período 1999-2011, ii) Indicadores de calidad académica establecidos en el Subsistema de Información y Estadísticas período 1999-2011 y iii) Consulta electrónica a Pares Evaluadores en cuanto a la eficacia de la política de aseguramiento de la calidad. Se concluye que el proceso de evaluación no está dando los resultados esperados, ya que las IES reinciden en las observaciones hechas por los evaluadores, especialmente en aspectos de investigación, proyección social, recursos educacionales e integridad institucional. Se observó también que las Universidades no acreditadas no presentan mejoras en la mayoría de los indicadores de calidad.
Determinantes de la afiliación y acceso a servicios de salud en el Perú: el caso del seguro integral de salud
Authors: Hernández Akram
Published: January 2016

A través de un enfoque cuantitativo y no experimental de diseño transversal, se examinaron los determinantes y efectos que la afiliación al SIS proporciona en la cobertura de la protección social y el acceso a servicios de salud en el Perú. Se aplicó un set de regresiones para grupos de comparación mediante el software de análisis estadístico Stata 11. La evidencia empírica se obtuvo a partir de la estimación de un conjunto de especificaciones de un modelo Probit para los determinantes. Se estimaron los efectos marginales de cada variable sobre la probabilidad de ser afiliado al SIS y sobre el acceso a los servicios de salud públicos. Los resultados indican que las características de poseer documento de identidad, el gasto per cápita y ser menor de edad, son las más relevantes para ser afiliados al SIS. En relación al acceso, se estimó que la afiliación al SIS tiene un efecto positivo en el acceso a los servicios de salud, especialmente para personas en situación de pobreza y para los residentes en la costa. Se recomienda revisar la situación de las personas carentes de afiliación al SIS que se encuentran por debajo de la línea de pobreza, la oferta de servicios de salud en zonas geográficas alejadas y las actuales brechas en el acceso a los servicios hospitalarios.
Mortalidad infantil como indicador de desigualdad del sistema de salud chileno
Authors: Morales Andrea
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo busca documentar la distribución de la Tasa de Mortalidad Infantil (TMI) a nivel comunal y su relación causal a factores socio-económicos, demográficos y del sistema de salud. Se utilizaron las estadísticas vitales disponibles en el Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud (DEIS) y características comunales disponibles en el Sistema Nacional de Información Municipal (SINIM), desde el año 2001 al 2011, para las 345 comunas chilenas. Se construyeron indicadores de desigualdad para mortalidad infantil e ingresos en salud municipal per cápita para cada año y se evaluó su correlación y evolución en el período. Utilizando modelos de datos de panel se evaluó la asociación de la tasa de mortalidad infantil a características socioeconómicas, sanitarias y de recursos municipales. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que mientras la mediana nacional de TMI por comunas se ha mantenido estable, la desigualdad a nivel comunal en este indicador ha ido en aumento. Mayor tasa de pobreza, menor nivel educacional de la población, no contar con Servicios de Atención Primaria de Urgencias (SAPU), menor inversión en salud municipal y mayor distancia al hospital base de referencia, resultan ser las principales características comunales que generan mayor mortalidad infantil en distintos modelos evaluados, con nivel de confianza sobre el 95%.
Incidencia económica de proyectos de inversión pública sectorial en el PIB de Bolivia (periodo 2000-2013)
Authors: Párraga Rolando
Published: January 2016

El presente trabajo estudia la incidencia económica que tienen los Proyectos de Inversión Pública por Sectores en el Producto Interno Bruto Real de Bolivia. Se aplicó un método econométrico que permitió analizar y correlacionar cifras de ejecución financiera de proyectos según sectores económicos con el PIB del país, obteniendo de esta forma un modelo de regresión lineal multivariable. Se examinaron datos oficiales para el período de tiempo 2000-2013, contemplando proyectos de todas las entidades públicas del territorio nacional. Se concluye que los Proyectos de Inversión Pública de los Sectores Infraestructura y Social son estadísticamente significativos y tienen aproximadamente la misma elasticidad económica sobre el PIB Real igual a 0.3\%. Se demostró que estas dos variables inciden positivamente en el crecimiento económico del país. Los resultados también demuestran que los sectores de Producción y Multisectorial no tienen incidencia directa en el PIB de Bolivia por ser estadísticamente poco significativos.
Gestión coordinada de fronteras; el caso del Sistema Cristo Redentor
Authors: Rojas Álvaro
Published: January 2016

El presente estudio tiene como propósito identificar el modelo de Gestión Coordinada de Fronteras en el cual interactúa la Aduana de Chile, enfocado al paso fronterizo "Sistema Cristo Redentor" con la finalidad de reconocer avances y retos de la aduana en el desarrollo de este modelo. Se utilizó una metodología de enfoque cualitativo, que considera elementos de "teaching case" y de un estudio de caso investigativo de tipo exploratorio. Se constató un modelo de gestión descentralizado, el cual ha estado en continua construcción desde 1984 y que posterior al año 2001 se afianza mediante la creación de las Áreas de Control Integrado, que junto al Comité de Integración Cristo Redentor, representan el marco institucional vigente. Asimismo en lo que respecta a las relaciones de cooperación, se desprende una fuerte vinculación entre las aduanas de Chile y Argentina, pero la existencia de relaciones negativas a nivel inter-institucional de los organismos de seguridad con la aduana.
Participación ciudadana en la formulación de políticas públicas locales, el caso del distrito VI del Municipio de Managua (2007-2013)
Authors: Morales Rodolfo
Published: January 2016

Este estudio de caso analiza los procesos de participación ciudadana en la formulación de las políticas públicas locales y las interrelaciones de la ciudadanía con el Distrito VI del municipio de Managua, en el periodo 2007-2013. Específicamente, se examina cómo funciona y se operativiza el marco del nuevo modelo de participación ciudadana (Gabinetes de la Familia la Comunidad y la Vida) implementado por decreto presidencial 112 -2007, y la manera en que estos contribuyen desde el distrito a los diseños de políticas públicas locales. Esta investigación corresponde a un caso único y fue desarrollada a partir de un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo. Se observa un proceso de participación que se construye desde las bases territoriales, con una organización relativamente joven y en evolución, que funciona como un mecanismo de articulación y gestión institucional para adecuar la oferta pública a las necesidades de las comunidades. Se reconoce el aporte de la participación ciudadana y la idea de un gobierno relacional, que implica a la ciudadanía en las decisiones. No obstante, pese al involucramiento de la ciudadanía en los temas sociales, esta aún se ubica en el nivel de información y consulta, puesto que los gabinetes comunitarios funcionan como facilitadores de información y los insumos para que la alcaldía tome su mejor decisión.
Atomic Mass: Origin, Units and Constants
Authors: Obande O. P.
Published: January 2016

Absolute and relative atomic mass values are obtained in kg/atom, MeV, C, and u for the chemical elements. The results show that: (i) Absolute atomic mass value is, of course, given by the classical mass formula m = hϑ/c2; however, rotational speed per radius ω/r correlates with strain τ on the element’s intrinsic electromagnetic (e-m) transverse radiation to give the coefficient k whose value turns out to be atomic mass unit energy equivalent amu/eV = k = τ/(ω/r)½. (ii) Each component of the wave-particle doublet plays unique roles in atomic mass phenomenology; these roles readily account for H atom’s seeming fundamentality and preponderance of internal structures in virtually all particulate matter down to the electron. (iii) The mass constants amu/eV and amu/C are linear correlation coefficients of different dimensions of atomic units; the values are thus not specific to particular elements but obtainable from any element including the electron. (iv) The empirical expression e- = F/NA is incorrect; theoretically, charge q = mrF = mabsNAF. The error translates to values of NA, me, and e/me that are twenty orders of magnitude lower than theoretical values, e.g., e-theor. = 47.062 C c.f. e-lit. = 1.6022 x 10-19 C. It is posited that the charge determinants ω and τ, might be suppressed or virtually nullified in an external e-m environment above some threshold voltage. (v) The error reflects also in all empirical E/c2 values. A comparison of empirical and theoretical quantitative expressions for evaluating gravitational (gm) from electrostatic (E/c2) atomic mass shows that the former redeems the inherent error to retrieve proximate gm from E/c2 value. (vi) Given the current literature E/c2 values, the electron waveform mass does converge with the photon’s value, i.e., mw(e) ≅ mphoton. It is submitted, therefore, that particle physics has already struck matter’s fundamental unit in the photon mass, maybe unknowingly for lack of litmus test.
Remarks on a Nonlinear Wave Equation in a Noncylindrical Domain
Authors: Lopez Ivo Fernandez , Antunes Gladson Octaviano , Da Silva Maria Darci Godinho , Medeiros Luiz Adauto Da Justa
Published: January 2016

In this paper we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solution for a initial boundary value problem for the following nonlinear wave equation:

u′′ − ∆ u + | u | ˆρ = f in Q

where Q represents a non-cylindrical domain of R^{n+1}. The methodology, cf. Lions [3], consists of transforming this problem, by means of a perturbation depending on a parameter ε > 0, into another one defined in a cylindrical domain Q containing Q. By solving the cylindrical problem, we obtain estimates that depend on ε. These ones will enable a passage to the limit, when ε goes to zero, that will guarantee, later, a solution for the non-cylindrical problem. The nonlinearity |u_ε|^ρ introduces some obstacles in the process of obtaining a priori estimates and we overcome this difficulty by employing an argument due to Tartar [8] plus a contradiction process. 
New records of Parmelia ernstiae and P. serrana (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) in Poland
Authors: Ossowska Emilia , Szczepańska Katarzyna , Kossowska Maria
Published: January 2016

The paper reports new localities of lichens Parmelia ernstiae and P. serrana in Poland. Both species are reported for the first time from the Polish part of the Sudety Mountains (southwestern part of the country). The new localities were found in the area of the Sowie Mountains (central part of the Sudety Mts) as well as Śnieżnik Massif and Bialskie Mountains (eastern part of the Sudety Mts). Most of the recorded specimens were associated with the bark of Acer platanoides and A. pseudoplatanus. Parmelia ernstiae and P. serrana are still poorly known species in Poland and often confused with similar taxon P. saxatilis. Therefore the morphological characteristics, chemical properties, ecology and distribution of these species are presented and briefly discussed.
Challenges Associated with Sample Preparation for the Analysis of PBDEs in Human Serum
Authors: Siddique Shabana , Kosarac Ivana , Kubwabo Cariton , Harris Shelley
Published: January 2016

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in many applications; however, certain PBDE congeners are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to both humans and the environment. PBDEs have been found in human specimens, and a variety of analytical techniques have been used for their determination in biological matrixes. Nevertheless, obtaining a relatively clean analytical blank sample during PBDE analysis is a big challenge because of the ubiquitous nature of these compounds. Thus, the present study was conducted to compare the PBDE background levels associated with the three most commonly used extraction techniques: liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), SPE, and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Conventionally used blank matrixes (HPLC grade water, Milli-Q water, and air) were spiked with internal standards and extracted using LLE, SPE, or ASE. The extracts were analyzed by GC/electron ionization-tandem MS. The ASE method achieved the lowest background levels for nearly all the PBDE congeners analyzed, which may be attributed to the stainless steel and closed-vessel nature of the ASE cells.
Modernization of AOAC Nutrient Methods by Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals
Authors: Sullivan Darryl
Published: January 2016

Infant formula is one of the most highly regulated products in the world. To comply with global regulations and to ensure the products are manufactured within product specifications, accurate analytical testing is required. Most of the AOAC INTERNATIONAL legacy test methods for infant formula were developed and validated in the 1980s and 1990s. Although these methods performed very well for many years, infant formulas have been updated, and today's products contain many new and novel ingredients. There were a number of cases in which the legacy AOAC methods began to result in problems with the analysis of modern infant formulas, and the use of these methods caused some disputes with regulatory agencies. In 2010, AOAC reached an agreement with the International Formula Council, which has changed its name to the Infant Nutrition Council of America, regarding a project to modernize these AOAC infant-formula test methods. This agreement led to the development of Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs®) for 28 nutrients. After SMPR approval, methods were collected, evaluated, validated, and approved through the AOAC Official MethodsSM process. Forty-seven methods have been approved as AOAC First Action Methods, and eight have been approved as Final Action.
A LEI 10.639/2003 – UMA ABORDAGEM CONCEITUAL
Authors: Haro dos Santos Fabiana , Denise Ponciano Deize
Published: January 2016

This article refers to a literature entitled "The Law 10.639/2003-AN APPROACH CONCEPT" and aims to presentthe definition of concepts that permeate the Law 10.639/2003, which deals with the mandatory teaching of African History and Culture -Brasileira in schools. This concept is essential to the reader, can teacher, clarifying as their ways of working this subject in the classroom. It aims to guide the practice of vocational education, which through their studies, may contribute to the promotion of equality between people, excluding its pedagogical action thoughts and reflections laden with stereotypes, ideologies, labels and models in order to, establish a multicultural society.
Phylogeography ofArabidopsis halleri(Brassicaceae) in mountain regions of Central Europe inferred from cpDNA variation and ecological niche modelling
Authors: Wasowicz Pawel , Pauwels Maxime , Pasierbinski Andrzej , Przedpelska-Wasowicz Ewa M. , Babst-Kostecka Alicja A. , Saumitou-Laprade Pierre , Rostanski Adam
Published: January 2016

The present study aimed to investigate phylogeographical patterns present withinA. halleriin Central Europe. 1,281 accessions sampled from 52 populations within the investigated area were used in the study of genetic variation based on chloroplast DNA. Over 500 high-quality species occurrence records were used in ecological niche modelling experiments. We evidenced the presence of a clear phylogeographic structure withinA. halleriin Central Europe. Our results showed that two genetically different groups of populations are present in western and eastern part of the Carpathians. The hypothesis of the existence of a glacial refugium in the Western Carpathians adn the Bohemian Forest cannot be rejected from our data. It seems, however, that the evidence collected during the present study is not conclusive. The area of Sudetes was colonised after LGM probably by migrants from the Bohemian Forest.
ANÁLISE PIAGETIANA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO COGNITIVO: EXPERIÊNCIAS COM CRIANÇAS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Menestrina Tatiana Comiotto , Saade Wesley , Gelamo Mayara Reinert , Leonardo Pamela Paola
Published: January 2016

A compreensão do desenvolvimento humano é importante e necessária para o planejamento de como e o que deve ser aplicado no ensino em cada idade. Ao estudar as experiências de Piaget com crianças de idade entre dois e treze anos, nota-se que alguns atingem um estado de conhecimento de dado conceito precocemente, enquanto outros só os adquirem tardiamente. A proposta deste artigo é comparar as conclusões de Piaget com os resultados obtidos através de experimentos práticos realizados com crianças que são avaliados conforme a faixa etária correspondente.
Multidecadal accumulation of anthropogenic and remineralized dissolved inorganic carbon along the Extended Ellett Line in the northeast Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Humphreys Matthew P. , Griffiths Alex M. , Achterberg Eric P. , Holliday N. Penny , Rérolle Victoire M. C. , Menzel Barraqueta Jan‐Lukas , Couldrey Matthew P. , Oliver Kevin I. C. , Hartman Susan E. , Esposito Mario , Boyce Adrian J.
Published: January 2016

Marine carbonate chemistry measurements have been carried out annually since 2009 during UK research cruises along the Extended Ellett Line (EEL), a hydrographic transect in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The EEL intersects several water masses that are key to the global thermohaline circulation, and therefore the cruises sample a region in which it is critical to monitor secular physical and biogeochemical changes. We have combined results from these EEL cruises with existing quality‐controlled observational data syntheses to produce a hydrographic time series for the EEL from 1981 to 2013. This reveals multidecadal increases in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) throughout the water column, with a near‐surface maximum rate of 1.80 ± 0.45 µmol kg−1 yr−1. Anthropogenic CO2 accumulation was assessed, using simultaneous changes in apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and total alkalinity (TA) as proxies for the biogeochemical processes that influence DIC. The stable carbon isotope composition of DIC (δ13CDIC) was also determined and used as an independent test of our method. We calculated a volume‐integrated anthropogenic CO2 accumulation rate of 2.8 ± 0.4 mg C m−3 yr−1 along the EEL, which is about double the global mean. The anthropogenic CO2 component accounts for only 31 ± 6% of the total DIC increase. The remainder is derived from increased organic matter remineralization, which we attribute to the lateral redistribution of water masses that accompanies subpolar gyre contraction. Output from a general circulation ecosystem model demonstrates that spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the observations has not significantly biased our multidecadal rate of change calculations and indicates that the EEL observations have been tracking distal changes in the surrounding North Atlantic and Nordic Seas.
Coseismic radiation and stress drop during the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel, Chile megathrust earthquake
Authors: Yin Jiuxun , Yang Hongfeng , Yao Huajian , Weng Huihui
Published: January 2016

On 16 September 2015, an Mw 8.3 earthquake struck middle Chile due to the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South America plate. This earthquake is the consequence of 72 years of strain accumulation in the region since the 1943 M 8.3 event. In this study, we apply the compressive sensing method (CS) to invert for the spatiotemporal distribution of the coseismic radiation at different frequencies of this event. The results show clear frequency‐dependent feature of earthquake rupture with low‐frequency (LF) radiation located in the updip region while high‐frequency (HF) radiation concentrated in the downdip region of the megathrust. We also compare the CS results with three coseismic slip models as well as the stress drop distributions inferred from these slip models. The comparison confirms our understanding of coseismic radiation that energy sources are mostly located in the margin of large coseismic slip regions. Furthermore, we find that the LF radiation sources are mainly within the stress‐decreasing (releasing) regions while the HF radiation sources are mainly located in the stress‐increasing (loading) regions due to rupturing of relatively large asperities nearby (stress decreasing and releasing). These results help to better understand the physics of the rupture process during megathrust earthquakes. Moreover, our results do not show radiation sources south of the epicenter, suggesting that the subducting Juan Fernandez Ridge probably stopped the rupture of this earthquake toward the south.
GPS TEC response to Pc4 “giant pulsations”
Authors: Watson Chris , Jayachandran P. T. , Singer Howard J. , Redmon Robert J. , Danskin Donald
Published: January 2016

Variations in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) associated with ultralow frequency (ULF) magnetic field variations in the Pc4 (6.7–22.0 mHz) frequency band were observed in the early morning sector. TEC variations were observed by the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in Sanikiluaq, Nunavut (56.54°N, 280.77°E), which is located near the equatorward edge of the auroral region. Small‐amplitude Pc4 ULF waves were observed by the Sanikiluaq ground magnetometer and by the geosynchronous GOES 13 satellite. TEC and magnetic field both exhibited narrowband, highly regular, quasi‐sinusoidal waveforms, with high correlation and coherence indicating a clear link between TEC variations and Pc4 ULF activity. Variations in TEC and 30–50 keV electron flux observed by GOES 13 were also highly correlated and coherent. TEC variations observed directly above Sanikiluaq were in antiphase with eastward magnetic field variations on the ground, while TEC variations observed at the footprint of the GOES 13 satellite were in phase with GOES radial magnetic field and 30–50 keV electron flux. Intermittent occurrence of TEC variations observed by multiple GPS satellites indicated a localized ionospheric response to the Pc4 activity. This is the first clear evidence of a TEC response to these so called “giant pulsations (Pgs).” By applying a multisatellite triangulation technique, the phase velocity, group velocity, and azimuthal wave number of TEC variations were also calculated for an interval of highly coherent measurements. The phase and group propagation velocities were 2–7 km/s and 1–3 km/s north and westward, respectively, while the azimuthal wave number ranged from −35 to −310.
Flow variability and ongoing margin shifts on Bindschadler and MacAyeal Ice Streams, West Antarctica
Authors: Hulbe C. L. , Scambos T. A. , Klinger M. , Fahnestock M. A.
Published: January 2016

Ice streams on the Ross Sea side of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet are known to experience flow variability on hourly, annual, and multicentury time scales. We report here on observations of flow variability at the decade scale on the Bindschadler and MacAyeal Ice Streams (BIS and MacIS). Our analysis makes use of archived ice velocity data and new mappings from composited Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 imagery that together span the interval from 1985 to 2014. Both ice streams speedup and slowdown in a range of about ±5 m a−2 over our various comparison intervals. The rates of change are variable in both time and space, and there is no evidence of external forcing at work across the two streams. Widespread changes are most likely linked to instability in the subglacial till and/or subglacial water flow. Sticky spots near the confluence of the two ice streams are loci for speed changes. These relatively young and slow‐flowing features appear to be forcing shifts in margin position near the outlets of both streams. The margin jumps reduce the effective outlet widths of the streams by 20% and 30% on BIS and MacIS, respectively. Those magnitudes are similar to the outlet narrowing experienced by Kamb Ice Stream prior to its stagnation.
Field assessment of noncontact stream gauging using portable surface velocity radars (SVR)
Authors: Welber Matilde , Le Coz Jérôme , Laronne Jonathan B. , Zolezzi Guido , Zamler Daniel , Dramais Guillaume , Hauet Alexandre , Salvaro Martino
Published: January 2016

The applicability of a portable, commercially available surface velocity radar (SVR) for noncontact stream gauging was evaluated through a series of field‐scale experiments carried out in a variety of sites and deployment conditions. Comparisons with various concurrent techniques showed acceptable agreement with velocity profiles, with larger uncertainties close to the banks. In addition to discharge error sources shared with intrusive velocity‐area techniques, SVR discharge estimates are affected by flood‐induced changes in the bed profile and by the selection of a depth‐averaged to surface velocity ratio, or velocity coefficient (α). Cross‐sectional averaged velocity coefficients showed smaller fluctuations and closer agreement with theoretical values than those computed on individual verticals, especially in channels with high relative roughness. Our findings confirm that α = 0.85 is a valid default value, with a preferred site‐specific calibration to avoid underestimation of discharge in very smooth channels (relative roughness ∼ 0.001) and overestimation in very rough channels (relative roughness > 0.05). Theoretically derived and site‐calibrated values of α also give accurate SVR‐based discharge estimates (within 10%) for low and intermediate roughness flows (relative roughness 0.001 to 0.05). Moreover, discharge uncertainty does not exceed 10% even for a limited number of SVR positions along the cross section (particularly advantageous to gauge unsteady flood flows and very large floods), thereby extending the range of validity of rating curves.
The moderating role of aggressiveness in response to campaigns and interventions promoting anti‐violence attitudes
Authors: Cárdaba Miguel A. M. , Briñol Pablo , Brändle Gaspar , Ruiz‐SanRomán José A.
Published: January 2016

This research indicates that a critical factor for understanding the success or failure of anti‐violence campaigns is the aggressiveness of the target audience. We propose that person and situation interact in predicting post‐intervention attitudes toward violence, fighting expectations, and intentions to learn how to use real guns. Across two studies conducted in different countries and with different age populations, we found that anti‐violence campaigns were effective, only for those for whom the message was already pro‐attitudinal (low trait aggressiveness). In contrast, for individuals with relatively higher scores in trait aggressiveness, there was no difference in attitudes toward violence between those who received the anti‐violence intervention and those assigned to the control group. In fact, the anti‐violence messages resulted in a boomerang effect, increasing the favorability of attitudes toward violence in one of the studies. Aggr. Behav. 42:471–482, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Set‐membership methods applied to FDI and FTC
Authors: Combastel Christophe , Puig Vicenç , Raïssi Tarek , Alamo Teodoro
Published: January 2016

This special issue contains papers applying a broad range of set‐membership techniques to fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant control. Following the successful organization of special sessions on related topics in several international conferences as IFAC Safeprocess (2012), NOLCOS (2013) and IEEE CDC (2012, 2013), this special issue gives an overview on recent advances of set‐membership‐based fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant control. Special attention is paid on covering a significant range of application targets for the recent theoretical developments in this active
field. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PtCu alloy nanotube arrays supported on carbon fiber cloth as flexible anodes for direct methanol fuel cell
Authors: Wang An‐Liang , Zhang Chi , Zhou Wen , Tong Ye‐Xiang , Li Gao‐Ren
Published: January 2016

Significance

The rapid development of flexible and portable electrochemical energy devices has promoted the demand for flexible and lightweight electrocatalysts. Here we report flexible high performance electrocatalysts based on PtCu alloy nanotube arrays on carbon fiber cloth (CFC) (PtCu ANTAs/CFC) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Compared with Pt NTAs/CFC and commercial Pt/C, the PtCu ANTAs/CFC electrocatalysts exhibit significantly improved electrocatalytic activity and durability. Furthermore, the PtCu ANTAs/CFC electrocatalysts show excellent flexibility and they can keep almost constant electrocatalytic performance under the different distorted states, such as normal, bending and twisting states. The improved performance of the flexible PtCu ANTAs/CFC electrocatalysts can be ascribed to unique ANTAs, synergistic effect between Pt and Cu, and porous structure of CFC. This work shows the significant progress of high‐performance Pt‐based flexible anodes for DMFCs. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 975–983, 2016
Heterogeneous Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Hydrogen‐Transfer Strategy for Selective Synthesis of Quinazolinones in Water
Authors: Tang Lin , Zhao Xianghua , Zou Guodong , Zhou Yuqiang , Yang Xingkun
Published: January 2016

Efficient and selective synthesis of quinazolinones from 2‐nitrobenzonitriles and benzylic alcohols catalyzed by TiO2‐supported gold nanoparticles (Au/TiO2) has been developed. Various transformations, such as dehydrogenative oxidation of C−O and C−N bonds, reduction of nitro groups, condensation of aldehydes with amines, hydration of cyano groups and cyclization, can be achieved in the tandem hydrogen‐transfer reaction. This protocol presents broad substrate scope, good tolerance to air and water, excellent recycling of the catalyst and does not require any additive, oxidant or reductant, which enables straightforward, practical and environmentally benign C−N and C−O bond formation.
PAI‐1, a target gene of miR‐143, regulates invasion and metastasis by upregulating MMP‐13 expression of human osteosarcoma
Authors: Hirahata Mio , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Kanda Yusuke , Sugimoto Yui , Yoshioka Yusuke , Kosaka Nobuyoshi , Takeshita Fumitaka , Fujiwara Tomohiro , Kawai Akira , Ito Hisao , Ochiya Takahiro , Okada Futoshi
Published: January 2016

Despite recent improvements in the therapy for osteosarcoma, 30–40% of osteosarcoma patients die of this disease, mainly due to its lung metastasis. We have previously reported that intravenous injection of miR‐143 significantly suppresses lung metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells (143B) in a mouse model. In this study, we examined the biological role and mechanism of miR‐143 in the metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells. We identified plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) as a direct target gene of miR‐143. To determine the role of PAI‐1 in human osteosarcoma cells, siRNA was transfected into 143B cells for knockdown of PAI‐1 expression. An in vitro study showed that downregulation of PAI‐1 suppressed cell invasion activity, but not proliferation. Moreover, injection of PAI‐1 siRNA into a primary lesion in the osteosarcoma mouse model inhibited lung metastasis compared to control siRNA‐injected mice, without influencing the proliferative activity of the tumor cells. Subsequent examination using 143B cells revealed that knockdown of PAI‐1 expression resulted in downregulation of the expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13), which is also a target gene of miR‐143 and a proteolytic enzyme that regulates tumor‐induced osteolysis. Immunohistochemical analysis using clinical samples showed that higher miR‐143 expressing cases showed poor expression of PAI‐1 in the primary tumor cells. All such cases belonged to the lung metastasis‐negative group. Moreover, the frequency of lung metastasis‐positive cases was significantly higher in PAI‐1 and MMP‐13 double‐positive cases than in PAI‐1 or MMP‐13 single‐positive or double‐negative cases (P < 0.05). These results indicated that PAI‐1, a target gene of miR‐143, regulates invasion and lung metastasis via enhancement of MMP‐13 expression and secretion in human osteosarcoma cells, suggesting that these molecules could be potential therapeutic target genes for preventing lung metastasis in osteosarcoma patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Li4E8 (E: P, As, Sb, Bi) Clusters: The Quest for Realgar‐Type [E8]4‐ Zintl Anions
Authors: Nizovtsev Anton S. , Ivanov Alexander S. , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Konchenko Sergey N.
Published: January 2016

A Coalescence Kick (CK) program at the PBE0/SDD level of theory is used for the case of Li4Bi8 and at the PBE0/3‐21G level for all other cases in searching for the global minima and low‐lying isomers of the title clusters.
ChemInform Abstract: Na2TeS3, Na2TeSe3‐mP24, and Na2TeSe3‐mC48: Crystal Structures and Optical and Electrical Properties of Sodium Chalcogenidotellurates(IV).
Authors: Pompe Constantin , Preitschaft Christian , Weihrich Richard , Pfitzner Arno
Published: January 2016

Pure samples of Na2TeQ3 (Q: S, Se) are prepared by reactions of stoichiometric amounts of the elements (graphite crucibles, 670—1170 K, 3 h—10 d) and characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS, Raman, and impedance spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallic Co4N Porous Nanowire Arrays Activated by Surface Oxidation as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.
Authors: Chen Pengzuo , Xu Kun , Fang Zhiwei , Tong Yun , Wu Junchi , Lu Xiuli , Peng Xu , Ding Hui , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi
Published: January 2016

Metallic Co4N porous nanowire arrays are grown on carbon fabrics (CF) by nitriding CF‐supported Co(OH)F nanowires (420 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Evolution from 0D Units to 3D Frameworks in Pb Oxyhalides: Unexpected Strongly Corrugated Layers in Pb7O6Br2.
Authors: Siidra Oleg I. , Gogolin Mathias , Lukina Evgeniya A. , Kabbour Houria , Bubnova Rimma S. , Mentre Olivier , Agakhanov Atali A. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Colmont Marie , Gesing Thorsten
Published: January 2016

Single crystals of the new compound Pb7O6Br2 are prepared by solid state reaction of PbBr2 and α‐PbO (Pt crucible, 750 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Nuclear Vanadoniobate {Nb48V8} Multiple‐Strand Wheel.
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Teng , Qin Chao , Wang Xin‐Long , Huang Peng , Song Bai‐Qiao , Shao Kui‐Zhan , Su Zhong‐Min
Published: January 2016

The new compound Na18 [Nb48V8(OH)30O130] ·33H2O is synthesized by reaction of K7HNb6O19, VCl3, and NaOH (H2O, 70—75 °C, 5 h, 42% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Materials Based on Inorganic Cluster, [X2Mo18O62]6‐ (X: P, As).
Authors: Hmida Fatma , Ayed Meriem , Ayed Brahim , Haddad Amor
Published: January 2016

Single crystals of (HPyr)6 (P2Mo18O62)·4H2O (I) (Pyr: pyrrolidine) and (HPyr)6 (As2Mo18O62)·4H2O (II) are obtained from aqueous solutions containing Na2MoO4, H3PO4 or H3AsO4, and pyrrolidine (pH adjusted to 2.5—2.6 with 6N HCl, reflux, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Chirality Transfer in Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Direct Allylic Etherifications of Unactivated Alcohols: Experimental and Computational Study.
Authors: Barker Graeme , Johnson David G. , Young Paul C. , Macgregor Stuart A. , Lee Ai‐Lan
Published: January 2016

The addition of molecular sieves is found to be crucial for efficient chirality transfer.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Terminal Chloro‐Substituted Propargylamines and Further Functionalization.
Authors: Jordan Savannah , Starks Samuel A. , Whatley Michael F. , Turlington Mark
Published: January 2016

The reaction of chiral N‐tert‐butylsulfinyl imines (II) and (V) with in situ generated lithium chloroacetylene affords desired terminal chloro‐substituted propargylamines (III) and (VI), resp., which are converted into terminal acetylene (IV), carboxylic acid (VIII), propargylic alcohols (X), and N‐alkylated derivatives (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Trialkyl Methanetricarboxylate as Dialkyl Malonate Surrogate in Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Propargylic Substitution.
Authors: Huang Guanxin , Cheng Cang , Ge Luo , Guo Beibei , Zhao Long , Wu Xiaoyu
Published: January 2016

The first Cu‐catalyzed enantioselective propargylation of methanetricarboxylate (II) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Indene Derivatives by a Sequence of Intermolecular anti‐Carbopalladation, Heck Reaction, and Electrophilic Attack.
Authors: Pawliczek Martin , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B.
Published: January 2016

Enynes bearing a tertiary hydroxyl group terminally attached to the alkyne unit react with iodobenzenes in a Pd‐catalyzed domino reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Site‐Selective C—N Bond‐Forming Reaction of Polyhalogenated Pyridines and Pyrimidines.
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Ning , Dai Bin
Published: January 2016

In the coupling reaction between amines and pyridines or pyrimidines the preferred coupling site can be tuned from the fluorine group bearing the N‐heterocyclic ring to the chlorine group when changing from the pyridine ring to the pyrimidine ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Regioselective C—N and C—I Bond Formation of Alkenes.
Authors: Sun Kai , Ma Fengji , Liu Lulu , Sun Jingjing , Liu Xin , Wang Yachao , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Guisheng
Published: January 2016

Iodine mediated intermolecular aminoiodination of alkenes provides a valuable synthetic tool for simultaneous introduction of azoles and iodine to a wide range of alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Desulfonylative Methenylation of β‐Keto Sulfones.
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Vaitla Janakiram
Published: January 2016

The treatment of β‐keto sulfones with diiodomethane in the presence of diethylzinc gives rise to α‐methenyl ketones (III), (V), (VII), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Tandem Hydrophenylation and Ionic Hydrogenation of 3‐Phenylpropynoic Acid Derivatives under Superelectrophilic Activation.
Authors: Nilov Denis I. , Vasilyev Aleksander V.
Published: January 2016

The reactions of esters and amides with benzene in the presence of strong Lewis acids such as AlCl3 or conjugate Broensted‐Lewis superacids such as HCl/AlCl3 afford diphenylpropanoic acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative ortho‐Ethoxycarbonylation of O‐Methyl Ketoximes and 2‐Arylpyridines with Potassium Oxalate Monoester.
Authors: Li Zhong‐Yuan , Wang Guan‐Wu
Published: January 2016

The Pd‐catalyzed reaction of arenes (I) bearing a directing O‐methyl ketoxime group with potassium oxalate monoester leads selectively to ortho‐ethoxycarbonylated products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophosphination of CO2 and Subsequent Formate Transfer in the 1,3,2‐Diazaphospholene‐Catalyzed N‐Formylation of Amines.
Authors: Chong Che Chang , Kinjo Rei
Published: January 2016

A novel 1,3,2‐diazaphospholene‐catalyzed N‐formylation of amine derivatives with carbon dioxide in one pot under ambient conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Bicyclic NHC/Ir Complexes for Catalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones.
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro , Kamimura Takumi , Kuwabara Hiroshi , Yanagisawa Akira
Published: January 2016

Various alkylarylketones are hydrogenated in high yields and with high enantiomeric purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbomethoxydifluoromethylation of Enol Acetates with Methyl (Chlorosulfonyl)difluoroacetate Using Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Synthesis of 2,2‐Difluoro‐γ‐ketoesters.
Authors: Thomoson Charles S. , Dolbier William R. Jr.
Published: January 2016

A variety of 2,2‐difluoro‐γ‐ketoesters [(III) and (V)] is synthesized under visible light irradiation and mild conditions using a complex iridium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of N,N′‐(Arylmethylene)bisamides.
Authors: Uenishi Junichi , Hirano Hirokazu , Ueda Tsuyoshi , Hoshiya Naoyuki , Ii Hiromi , Yoshiki Tatsuhiro
Published: January 2016

Thirty three title products are prepared upon the reaction of cinnamamide or acrylamides with a broad range of aryl amides.
ChemInform Abstract: LIC‐KOR Promoted Nitrone Reactivity: Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Conjugated Imines and Secondary Amines.
Authors: Parisotto Stefano , Boggio Paolo , Prandi Cristina , Venturello Paolo , Deagostino Annamaria
Published: January 2016

Treatment of acetal (I) with an equimolar mixture of tBuOK and BuLi gives metalated alkoxy‐1,3‐dienes, which react with nitrones to form imines in low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Benzoylation of Phenols and Alcohols in Microwave Reactor: An Ecofriendly Protocol.
Authors: Chakraborty Suchandra , Saha Ahana , Basu Kaushik , Saha Chandan
Published: January 2016

A protocol is presented for a fast, microwave‐assisted solid‐phase benzoylation of benzoyl chloride or dinitrobenzoyl chloride with aromatic and aliphatic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: A [2 + 2 + 2]‐Cyclotrimerization Approach to Selectively Substituted Fluorenes and Fluorenols, and Their Conversion to 9,9′‐Spirobifluorenes.
Authors: Kaiser Reinhard P. , Hessler Filip , Mosinger Jiri , Cisarova Ivana , Kotora Martin
Published: January 2016

A new regioselective pathway to fluorenes and fluorenols through transition‐metall‐catalyzed cyclotrimerization of diynes with alkynes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Construction of Spirocyclic Pyrrolidine‐thia(oxa)zolidinediones via N,O‐Ligand/Cu(I) Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with 5‐Alkylidene Thia(oxa)zolidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Yang Wu‐Lin , Tang Fei‐Fei , He Fu‐Sheng , Li Chun‐Yan , Yu Xingxin , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: January 2016

The Cu‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 5‐alkylidene thiazolidinediones with azomethine ylides generates a variety of chiral spirocyclic pyrrolidine‐thiazolidinediones (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II) in Electrophilic Activation of Aldehydes and Enones: Efficient C‐3 Functionalization of Indoles.
Authors: Mohapatra Swapna Sarita , Mukhi Priyabrata , Mohanty Anuradha , Pal Satyanarayan , Sahoo Aditya Omprakash , Das Debjit , Roy Sujit
Published: January 2016

The active catalyst in this regioselective C‐3 alkylation of indoles with aldehydes and enones is an organometallic intermediate, which is formed from the reaction of indole with the palladium(II) pre‐catalyst.