bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEPENDENCE OF THE PERSON AS A FACTOR OF INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS ANNOTATION
Authors:   Kharkov National University of Internal Affairs, Mohoreva Elena
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the relevance of the study of the phenomenon of envy, which is due to the multidimensionality of this concept, since our country is characterized by significant changes in the moral, ethical, socio-economic and value orientations of society, political, socio-cultural and legal changes that impose their reflection both on social relations between people, but also on their inner world. It is noted that many scientists are studying the psychological mechanisms of the formation of envy and determinants; internal determinants of envy in the gender aspect; acceptability of antisocial behavior by the subject of envy; features of the relationship of aggressiveness and hostility with the envy of the personality and its propensity for the strategy of rivalry. Envy is also studied in the system of socio-economic attitudes. Attention is paid to the study of personal, behavioral and cognitive correlates of envy and an envious attitude to success and luck, as well as the socio-demographic specifics of envy. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of factors that contribute to the emergence and development of feelings of envy (external and internal) and factors influencing the reduction of envy. Attention is focused on the fact that the growth of inequality and stratification of society, the increase in the level of crime, in particular crimes for useful reasons, leads to a feeling of injustice, dissatisfaction with one's own social position, and hence envy of more successful and adapted to modern conditions people. The purpose of the article involves a theoretical review of the concept of envy in the studies of domestic and foreign scientists. The conclusions emphasize that the feeling of envy is a little-studied phenomenon of scientific interest to researchers. It is pointed out that envy should be considered not only from the point of view of its destructive influence on the development of the personality, but also as a kind of motivation and motivation to achieve the goals set by the individual and improve the standard of living. In view of the data on envy available in the scientific literature, to a greater extent they are in the nature of theoretical generalizations, and the deployment of empirical research on this problem is an urgent area of ​​work in the field of legal and social psychology.
TRANSFORMATION OF MENTAL TRAUMA IN CHILDREN USING THE HIBUKI - THERAPY METHOD
Authors:   Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Maksimov (Sharon) Dafna
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the concept of "mental trauma" as a life event that affects significant aspects of a person's existence and leads to deep psychological experiences. It is emphasized that a child of preschool age is not able to transform the psychotrauma received as a result of a stress reaction on his own, so in most cases it leads to severe mental breakdowns. Various scientific approaches to understanding mental trauma were analyzed and the sufficient complexity and multifacetedness of this psychological phenomenon, the lack of a single approach to its understanding, was noted. It is noted that the use of toys in the transformation of mental trauma of an individual contributes to the establishment of emotional contact, the removal of emotional tension, the expansion of the worldview of the surrounding world, and the prevention of maladaptive behavior. The toy encourages the child to play, and the psychologist uses the therapeutic effect of the game to help the child transform psychological and social difficulties that hinder personal and emotional development. The article examines the problem of transformation of mental trauma in children, resulting from natural disasters and hostilities in their country, with the help of Hibuki-therapy. The essence and role of Hibuki- therapy as a method of toy therapy in working with children who have experienced severe emotional stress are described. The process of formation of the therapeutic model of Hibuki-therapy is studied. It is emphasized that the author's model is based on the principle according to which children who actively resist experienced stressful situations can transform their fears and better adapt to life after any mental trauma. The proposed method encourages the child to focus on the toy dog's feelings and needs, as well as on the child's role as caregiver, thereby offering a distraction from their own fears and anxieties. Taking care of a soft toy, a child can dispel his fears and worries. It is important that the child begins to feel like a competent caregiver, and not a restless person who needs help. Today, Hibuki is an important tool that helps Ukrainian children cope with the trauma of war. The children's parents are also involved in this process, and they receive instructions on how to care for Hibuki.
FEATURES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF MILITARY PERSONNEL WITH A HIGH LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL BURNOUT
Authors:   Institute of State and Military Administration of the National Defense University of Ukraine, Demydyuk Volodymyr
Published: November 2022

The article presents the issue of emotional burnout among military personnel who are in combat operations. Features of psychological support of military and professional activities of servicemen with a high level of emotional burnout are described. Psychological support of servicemen includes: psychological counseling, psychotherapeutic assistance, educational activities, psychological trainings, among servicemen who have experienced psychological trauma and stress and professional provision of advisory assistance, diagnosis of servicemen with a high level of emotional burnout, provision of recommendations on evacuation from the extreme (combat) zone conditions In the system of ensuring the activities of the psychological service among military personnel, along with the organizational and legal direction, methodical support, in particular the introduction of various psychological technologies, primarily psychological ones that allow solving professional tasks, is of great importance. According to the tasks of psychological counseling, several psychoregulatory programs are distinguished: an educational program, where self-regulation methods are taught, a targeted program focused on the relief of neuropsychological tension, fatigue, the search for the body's resource capabilities, a general health program aimed at normalizing the condition and improving the health of the body. The effective performance of combat tasks is represented not only by professional training and physical capabilities of an individual, but also by his ability to show responsibility, independence, self-control, flexibility, the ability to make independent decisions and constructively interact with other members of the military team under the influence of stress factors and the implementation of professional tasks.
What is the Impact of Alcohol ban on Prevalence of Undertrial Prisoners of Liquor & Narcotics Drugs related Acts violation in Bihar - A twelve year (2010-2021) comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumar Dr Piyush
Published: November 2022

There is a global prerequisite for the diminution strategy in the want of drugs of addiction, both legal and banned, which may otherwise lead to plentiful negative health, family, socio-economic and mental consequences. During the 63rd session of the WHA (World Health Assembly), held at Geneva in May 2010, including India the 193 global member states reached on consensus that global strategies to trim down the detrimental use of alcohol by adopting resolution WHA63.13. The (GoI) Government of India enforced THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1985, ACT NO. 61 OF 1985 with guidelines, protocols and essential framework to reduce drug abuse and sale in India. Alcohol causes 3 million deaths per annum globally; responsible for 5.1% of the global burden of disease, gender wise harmful consumption of alcohol is about 7.1% in males compared to 2.2% in females. The Bihar Excise Act, 1915 was amended and new amendment Act, 2016 from 01.04.2016 was enforced. Vide Gazette Notification No. 1485 dated 05.04.2016. Absolute Prohibition of sale and consumption of liquor in any form was declared in the State of Bihar. Bihar Prohibition and Excise Act, 2016 was notified on 2nd of October 2016 to put into effect complete ban of alcohol consumption/sale in the territory of Bihar. The key objective of this study is to find out impact of alcohol ban on total number of people jailed by comparing the prevalence of Undertrial Prisoners of Liquor & Narcotics Drugs related Acts violation before the intervention (i.e. alcohol ban) and after alcohol ban. This novel cross sectional research study revealed that as compared to the period when alcohol was not banned in Bihar there is 1190.39 percent increase in the Undertrial prisoners violating Bihar Liquor & Narcotics Drugs Excise Act under which the alcohol comes mainly. Added to this the research study also revealed that there is 355.12 percent and 169.30 percent increase in violation of Liquor & Narcotics Drugs Prohibition Act as well as Liquor & Narcotics Drugs NDPS Act respectively during the period when alcohol is banned in the state of Bihar as compared to same period before alcohol ban.
Dampak Kecurangan Terhadap Bisnis Menurut Perspektif Al-Qur'an
Authors: PURNAMA KINANTI DWI , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai dampak kecurangan terhadap bisnis berdasarkan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an beserta tafsirnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library researc) dengan metode penafsiran maudhu’i (tematik). Dengan menggunakan beberapa kitab tafsir yaitu Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, Tafsir Al-Mukhtasar, Al-Qurthubi, Al-Munir, dan Tafsir Al-Muyassar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak sekali perusahaan-perusahaan dan pedagang yang mengurangi takaran dalam kemasan, padahal dalam Al-Qur’an surah Al-Mutaffifin ayat 1-6 sudah jelas sekali bahwa Allah SWT. melarang hambanya untuk berbuat kecurangan dalam menakar atau menimbang. Para pebisnis seharusnya menjadikan Al-Qur’an dan hadis sebagai pedoman hidup, terutama para pebisnis islam. Namun nyatanya, banyak oknum pebisnis yang melakukan kecuranga sehingga keluar dari norma etika bisnis islam yang menyebabkan beberapa dampak negatif bagi para pembeli. Namun dampak negatif ini bukan hanya dirasakan oleh para pembeli, bahkan pebisnis atau pedagangnyapun akan merasakan dampak negatif karena telah berbuat kecurangan.
KERANGKA KERJA KEBIJAKAN MONETER ISLAM
Authors: Akbar Muh.
Published: November 2022

A. Urgensi Kebijakan Moneter IslamKebijakan moneter adalah upaya mengendalikan atau mengarahkan perekonomian makro ke kondisi yang diinginkan dengan mengatur jumlah uang beredar. Secara prinsip, tujuan kebijakan moneter islam tidak berbeda dengan tujuan kebijakan moneter konvensional yaitu menjaga stabilitas dari mata uang (baik secara internal maupun eksternal) sehingga pertumbuhan ekonomi yang merata yang diharapkan dapat tercapai.Kebijakan moneter merupakan peraturan dan ketentuan yang dikeluarkan oleh otoritas moneter untuk mengontrol uang yang beredar, inflasi, dan untuk memelihara stabilitas ekonomi suatu negara.B. SasaranKebijakanMoneterDalamIslamUmer Chapra menjelaskan bahwa target utama dari kebijakan moneter dalam ekonomi Islam terdiri dari tiga bagian berikut ini :a. Tenaga kerja penuh dan pertumbuhan ekonomi (full employment and economic growth).b. Keadilan sosio-ekonomi serta kemerataan penyaluran pendapatan dan kekayaan (sosio-economic justiceand equitable distribution incone and wealth).c. Stabilitas nilai uang (stability in the value of money).
Late bloomer offending patterns: Towards a harder empirical definition Commentary on Matsuda, Thornberry, Loughran and Krohn (2022)
Authors: Skardhamar Torbjørn
Published: November 2022

Matsuda, Thornberry, Loughran and Krohn (2022) show that late bloomers also exist in self-report data. They use a ‘dynamic’ definition of late bloomer offending pattern as they have concerns with definitions based on arbitrary age cutoff points. But the approach does not make the groups less arbitrary than hard definitions. In this commentary, I argue that a hard definition has important advantages, and demonstrate an alternative using a hard definition while exploring heterogeneity within the late onset group.
Prinsip Perilaku Konsumsi dalam Islam Berdasarkan Tafsir QS Al-A'raf Ayat 31-32
Authors: Tasniema Sekar , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: November 2022

This study aims to examine more deeply the principles of consumption behavior in islam according to the interpretation of QS Al-A’raf verses 31-32. This research technique is literature review, therefore this research is a library research. The results of this study indicate that in the concept of consumption there are several principlesthat must be obeyed by Muslim consumers. All economic activities originate from human physical need to be able to continue to live in this world. All the needs for survival will be as vigorously as possible to be cultivated alone, but when the needs for life cannot be fulfilled alone, social interaction occurs in meeting the necessities of life among humans. This interaction actually represents the interaction of supply and demand, the interaction of consumption and production, so that the market emerges as a forum for this economic interaction. In Islamit is explained that the earth with all its contents is a mandate from Allah SWT to humans to be used as well as possible for the welfare of Muslims. Meanwhile, humans have two functions in this world, namely as servants of Allah who are tasked with worshiping Him and as caliphs whose duty is to prosper and prosper Allah’s earth. One of the uses that have been given to humans as the caliph of Allah is economic activity in general and consumption activities in particular. Islam teaches humans to use the right basis in order to get the pleasure of Allah in carrying out their functions as caliphs.
Peranan Pengelolaan Dana Zakat dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat
Authors: Rositawati Ita , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: November 2022

This study aims to examine the practice of sharia economics through zakat to improve the welfare of the people managed by zakat institutions, based on the verses of the Qur'an along with their interpretations. The interpretation method used in this journal is the maudhu'i (thematic) method with library research. Zakat must play a maximum role in empowering the people's economy, so zakat must be carried out by every Islamic country in accordance with the commands of the Qur'an and al-Hadith, as in the interpretation of Q.S At-Taubah verse 103. In Indonesia, although the majority of the population is Muslim, Zakat activities have not run optimally, so the benefits or wisdom contained in the zakat program itself has not been maximized, including zakat management which consists of sharing tasks and functions including collecting and distributing zakat, infaq, and alms (ZIS) at the national level. Zakat is able to cover the needs of mustahik and muzakki will certainly get a reward from Allah SWT in accordance with His promise. Zakat managers in Indonesia are called the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS
When a thousand pictures are not worth a single word: A qualitative exploration of Dutch citizens’ perspectives on the effects of deepfakes on politics and the media
Authors: Boeren David
Published: November 2022

In the past years, developments in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have led to the creation of so-called ‘deepfakes’: highly realistic and manipulated fake videos and/or audio. Sets of algorithms, called generative adversarial networks (GANs), have developed in such a way that they can create new realistic fake data out of older and real sets of data. In this way fake video or audio of real people can be created in which they say things which they have never said. As the technology is expected to become more sophisticated and easier to use in the future, there has been much academic speculation on the impacts these deepfakes could have on society, politics, and the media. Most of these speculations have been overtly negative in nature, not always considering the positives sides of the GANs, or the possible ways to combat deepfakes. In addition, the perception of real people is not considered in the literature. This study aimed to address these concerns by researching the way Dutch citizens make sense of deepfake technologies. The research question that was decided upon was ‘How do Dutch citizens perceive the effects of deepfakes on politics and the media?’. In addition, the answers to the research questions were used to assess whether there could be spoken of a possible ‘moral panic’, an exaggerated perceived societal threat, as the literature treated deepfakes very negatively using some speculative and sensationalist concepts. Since this research was very explorative in nature, a qualitative approach was deemed most appropriate. Semi-structured interviews were applied to five Dutch citizens to answer the question and to see whether there could be spoken of a moral panic. They were asked questions about deepfakes, and two examples were shown. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts, which yielded six overarching themes: Concern, Societal Effects, Post-Truth effects, Vulnerability, Platform, and Positive uses. From these themes it became clear that there were some hints pointing towards a possible (informational) moral panic, but that more research was necessary to truly confirm this. Academically, this research explored the possible connections of AI technologies with moral panic theory by applying it to deepfakes specifically. Practically, this research contributed to society by showing that people are concerned about the emergence of deepfakes and their possible influence on society, specifically politics. They were unanimous in wishing to be informed about these issues, something which could be considered by governments.
LARANGAN MERUGIKAN ORANG LAIN MENURUT PERSPEKTIF BISNIS ISLAM
Authors: adythiapaksi Cantika , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: November 2022

Buying and selling is a transaction activity, the exchange of assets is carried out with pleasure and voluntarily by both parties without any coercion and madhorat in it. Buying and selling is said to meet the criteria if it is based on the Qur'an and Sunnah. Islam stipulates that the law of buying and selling is permissible with the provisions that have been determined by the Qur'an and Sunnah.Islam has terms and conditions for buying and selling that must be met, such as maintaining the values of honesty, justice, paying attention to ethics, and providing benefits for both. In the current era, so many people leave the existence of ethics in buying and selling, which in the end gives birth to the process of buying and selling haram, false with damage and ugliness in it.It seems that it is usury, gambling, gharar, hoarding and fraud, this of course creates a conflict in Islam, which if it is associated with buying and selling in Islam in which the values of honesty, justice, welfare, goodness are embedded, of course this is very much different from the requirements. and the principle of buying and selling in Islam. This the problem that What happens in the community must be straightened out and corrected by following the demands of the Qur'an and Sunnah which always prioritizes the value of honesty without any falsehood and madharat.
Reading on Screen versus Paper: A Comparison of L1-English and L1-Chinese students in English-medium university
Authors: Lu Handan , Badger Richard , Clarke Paula , Paul Shirley-Anne
Published: November 2022

Students at university-level in English-speaking countries are increasingly reading from screens for academic purpose. The existing literature suggests that reading on paper is more advantageous than screen for longer texts. However, little attention has been paid to the students who use English as a second language. Also, the emerging evidence regarding the potential negative effects of reading from screen is based on assessments that generally assume reading comprehension to be a global construct rather than being comprised of more complex architecture. Therefore, this study examined whether reading comprehension is more effective following reading on screen or reading on paper using a novel reading comprehension framework – the hybrid framework of Reading Comprehension Assessment – and how any differences related to students’ language background. Participants were 120 business undergraduates randomly assigned to screen-reading (n = 60) or paper-reading (n = 60) groups. Each group consisted of 30 L1-English and 30 L1-Chinese students. The screen-reading group read an expository text on a laptop whilst the paper-reading group read the same text in traditional paper format. Participants were then asked to complete 42 open-ended literal-meaning and inferential-meaning comprehension questions in total. We found that reading medium had a statistically significant effect on comprehension performance, with participants achieving higher scores after reading on paper than reading on screen. L1-English speakers performed better than L1-Chinese speakers on both reading medium. However, whilst higher scores were obtained in the paper-reading condition than in the screen-reading condition for the inferential-meaning questions, no such difference was apparent for the literal-meaning questions. These results suggest that reading on paper may promote deeper comprehension for longer text in academic reading despite students’ first language status. This study provides important pedagogical implications for education practitioners but also proposes a new framework of RCA for future research.
Lithospheric structure and melting processes in southeast Australia: new constraints from joint probabilistic inversions of 3D magnetotelluric and seismic data
Authors: Manassero Maria , Özaydin Sinan , Afonso Juan , Shea Joshua , Thiel Stephan , Kirkby Alison , Fomin Ilya , Czarnota Karol
Published: November 2022

The thermochemical structure of the lithosphere exerts control on melting mechanisms in the mantle as well as the location of volcanism and ore deposits. Imaging the complex interactions between the lithosphere and asthenospheric mantle requires the joint inversion of multiple data sets and their uncertainties.In particular, the combination of seismic velocity and electrical conductivity with data proxies for bulk composition and elusive minor phases is a crucial step towards fully understanding large-scale lithospheric structure and melting.We apply a novel probabilistic approach for joint inversions of 3D magnetotelluric and seismic data to image the lithosphere beneath southeast Australia. Results show a highly heterogeneous lithospheric structure with deep conductivity anomalies that correlate with the location of Cenozoic volcanism. In regions where the conductivities have been at odds with sub-lithospheric temperatures and seismic velocities, we observe that the joint inversion provides conductivity values consistent with other observations. The results reveal a strong relationship between metasomatized regions in the mantle and i) the limits of geological provinces in the crust, which elucidates the subduction-accretion process in the region; ii) distribution of leucitite and basaltic magmatism; iii) independent geochemical data, and iv) a series of lithospheric steps which constitute areas prone to generating small-scale instabilities in the asthenosphere. This scenario suggests that shear-driven upwelling and edge-driven convection are the dominant melting mechanisms in eastern Australia rather than mantle plume activity, as conventionally conceived. Our study offers an integrated lithospheric model for southeastern Australia and provides insights into the feedback mechanism driving surface processes.
Reasons why Ukrainians Continue or Stop Interacting with Russian Culture as a Result of a Russian-Ukrainian War
Authors: Kurapov Anton , Balashevych Oleksandra , Tsurikova Hanna , Dubynskyi Oleksii
Published: November 2022

The Russian-Ukrainian war is a global critical event that impacted a variety of nations, but Ukrainians have surely suffered the most. A number of Russian celebrities have openly supported the war and the politics of President Putin. Nevertheless, despite the cruelty of the enemy, the destruction of the infrastructure, and the deaths of military personnel and civilians, many Ukrainians still continue to interact with Russian culture in a variety of ways. The major aim of the presented study was to identify the reasons why Ukrainians maintain contact or stop it and the types of culture that interaction is continued with. We have outlined four major factors that could impact the decision to interact or stop interacting: socio-demographic, psychological, emotional, and situational or forced interaction (interaction out of need). The results have shown that spoken language is a clear predictor of the continuation or termination of the interaction: Russian-speaking Ukrainians tend to continue interaction; the majority of Ukrainians continue interaction mainly due to the absence of Ukrainian analogues of similar cultural products and/or types; most Ukrainians keep interacting with bloggers and musicians; the position of the artist regarding the war defines the intentions to continue interaction; extraverted Ukrainians continue interaction but eventually tend to stop it, while more open Ukrainians stopped at the beginning of the war but tend to continue in the future; the majority of Ukrainians continue interaction due to an emotional need and stop it due to their emotional unacceptance of anything Russian-related.
Metacognitive effects of attitudinal (in)congruence on social media: Relating processing fluency, subjective knowledge, and political participation
Authors: Frauhammer Luna T. , Neubaum German
Published: November 2022

Encountering political disagreements in our daily lives can discourage us from participating in democratic processes. To date, research has mainly focused on social motives or attitudinal mechanisms to explain this phenomenon. In the present study, we adopt a different approach and highlight metacognitive effects of attitudinal (in)congruence on processing fluency (i.e., perceived ease of processing) and subjective knowledge as well as their relationship with behavioral outcomes such as political participation. In a pre-registered online experiment (N = 1,258), participants saw a political social media post with six opinionated user-generated comments. These comments either all matched (congruent condition) or contradicted (incongruent condition) participants’ personal opinions. In line with our hypotheses, the congruent stimuli evoked a higher feeling of processing fluency than the incongruent ones. Furthermore, participants in the congruent condition indicated a higher willingness for political participation and rated their own knowledge on the topic as higher than participants in the incongruent condition—even though the factual knowledge gain should be equal in both conditions. Finally, we observed a positive relationship between subjective issue knowledge and issue-specific political participation. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of considering metacognitive constructs such as subjective knowledge to explain political behaviors and suggest that attitudinal congruence might influence the way we perceive our own knowledge and information processing.
Development of laterality: Asymmetrical human behaviors and perceptual biases
Authors: Hamaoui Jad
Published: November 2022

Many asymmetries characterize human functioning at the behavioral level, such as handedness (right-handedness, left-handedness, mixed-handedness) and the cerebral level. Atypical laterality is frequently mentioned in scientific literature as part of the clinical picture of several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Thus, understanding the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying laterality could shed light on the etiology of cognitive and motor difficulties. The goal of this thesis is twofold. Firstly, the theoretical objective was to investigate the involvement of the prenatal environment in the development of handedness. The influence of the vestibular system, fetal presentation, and other perinatal factors related to pregnancy complications and birth stressors were tested. Our results show no influence of the fetal presentation on the subsequent development of handedness. Perinatal adversities such as prematurity, low birthweight, and poor neonatal health reflected by very low Apgar scores however, appear to be risk factors which increase the prevalence of atypical handedness and motor impairments. Secondly, the applied objective was to simultaneously detect the different perceptual biases implicated in graphomotor productions. A 3D-2D transcription graphic task was proposed for identifying global patterns of drawing asymmetries, underpinned by cerebral lateralization, biomechanical constraints, and sociocultural influences. Our results suggest that cerebral lateralization, modulated by handedness and sex, influence graphomotor asymmetries in both children and adults. However, this influence is weaker in adults, which could be due to sociocultural influences.
Exploring Equivalence Testing with the Updated TOSTER R Package
Authors: Caldwell Aaron R
Published: November 2022

Equivalence testing is arguably under utilized by experimental researchers. Due to limited software support for such analyses, and little education on the topic in graduate programs, the utilization of equivalence testings still appares to be low. One option for equivalence testing is the use of two one-sided tests (TOST). The TOSTER R package and jamovi module, originally developed by Daniel Lakens in 2017, was created to make TOST more accessible to the average researcher. In the past two years, I have made significant changes to the TOSTER package in order to increase its accessibility and provide more robust analysis options for researchers. In this paper, I will detail the changes to the package and highlight new analysis options that will make TOST easier for the average quantitative researcher.
How competitiveness matters for students: Trait and perceived competitiveness in high- and low-performing contexts
Authors: Abril Jan Michael Vincent , Trinidad Jose Eos
Published: November 2022

While student competitiveness may be helpful in some contexts as it is associated with increased motivation, it may also be detrimental in other contexts related to increased pressure and anxiety. But what contexts actually matter? In this research, we investigate how high-performing and low-performing contexts variably impact how different forms of competitiveness are associated with student performance. Using hierarchical linear models of Singaporean and Filipino high school students, we show how different types of competitiveness—i.e., trait, school, and perceived environmental competitiveness—have varying influence on academic achievement in reading and mathematics. In particular, we find that competitiveness is predictive of achievement for students from a low performing context like the Philippines, but only marginally for those from a high-performing context like Singapore. Our findings suggest that ‘friendly’ competition may be leveraged to help students from lower-performing contexts to perform better.
Perceived vs. Actual Consensus on Views and Values in Contemporary Russia, 2014 – 2021
Authors: Fabrykant Marharyta
Published: November 2022

The study explores to what extent people in the contemporary Russia perceive their views and values as shared by the majority. The research hypothesis is that this perceived consensus in Russia is rather high, is positively related to various dimensions of national identity, subjective wellbeing, and social trust, and rather weekly related to actual consensus. The research was carried out on the data of the two waves Russian Social Research conducted by CESSI (Institute for Comparative Social Research) in 2014 and 2021. The survey contains a question aimed at identifying the level of perceived consensus: “It seems to me that most of those who live in our country share my views and values” with the answer options “completely agree”, “rather agree”, “neither agree nor disagree”, “rather disagree”, and “totally disagree.” Various indicators of commitment to the country and feelings of closeness to people from different groups were used as correlates. Predictors (in a regression model with perceived consensus as a dependent variable) were socio-demographic parameters and values of objective consensus on various issues. The resulting variables (in models with perceived consensus as an independent variable) were indicators of subjective well-being and trust. The research results show that, as hypothesized, the level of perceived consensus in the contemporary Russia is quite high, although between 2014 and 2021 it grew somewhat lower. Also as expected, perceived consensus is at its highest in those with the strongest commitment to the country. Those who are glad to be living in Russia, and not in any other country, are most inclined to see their compatriots as like-minded people. Also as expected, people who believe that their views and values are shared by the majority of the population, tend to trust others more, because for them, this environment mainly consists of supposed like-minded people, and are more satisfied with their lives and the state of affairs in various spheres of life. The relation between perceived and actual consensus, however, was found to be different from what was hypothesized. Not only did perceived consensus fail to mirror the actual similarity in views and values, but it was found to be mostly based on misperception. All statistically significant effects of objective consensus on perceived consensus (with one exception) were negative. This means that the perceived consensus is higher for those whose views actually differ more from those of the majority of the population. This may be due to the effect of the "information bubble", when the bearers of views that differ from the views of the majority are more inclined to unite into groups of like-minded people, so that in their information field, precisely such views are represented to a greater extent, and eventually, they begin to feel that such views prevail in society as a whole.
''Women Workers in the Gig Economy in India'': An Exploratory Study
Authors: Trust Institute of Social Studies , Ghosh Anweshaa , Ramachandran Risha , Zaidi Mubashira
Published: November 2022

While post-Fordism and neo-liberalism changed the way labour was viewed, technology and wide spread digitization has built upon the same principles, giving way to a new form of work – the Gig Economy. Over the last decade, ‘on-demand’ work guided by app-based platforms such as Uber, Ola, Urban Company, Zomato, etc. have become fairly common in urban India. These platforms have built upon the existing large informal economy fuelled by growing digitization and affordability of gadgets such as smartphones. Gig economy thrives upon the idea of ‘flexibility’, allowing people to work as ‘independent contractors’ who have the ‘choice’ of working when they want to, how they want to and where they want to. There is a paucity of literature globally around gendered experiences of women workers in the gig economy and this research, An Exploratory study on Women workers in the Gig economy in India, aims to contribute towards populating the same. The study has taken a multidimensional approach to critically analyze women workers’ engagement within the gig economy, particularly in the platform economy in India. The study looks at women workers in the four work sectors where they were found to be mostly engaged in viz. domestic work, beauty work, cab driving and food delivery in three urban cities namely Delhi-NCR, Bengaluru and Mumbai. The report also explores a larger question of changing modalities of gig platforms in India in the context of its increasingly informalized economy, its gendered structures and practices and working conditions, by juxtaposing these ideas with worker rights. The study takes the lens of gender and labour on a gig platform and explores this framework through various aspects of gig economy shaping up in India. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with a wide range of actors in the ‘gig universe’ viz. women workers, platform representatives, government officials, skill development institutes and trade union members, across the four sectors. An in-depth literature review was also undertaken to illustrate and critically analyse the existing labour practices within the gig economy in India and globally, and repercussions of the same on labour relationships in the gig and larger informal economy.
Monitoring, Evaluating & Furthering Progress on ''Gender and Economic Equality & Women's Economic Empowerment''
Authors: Trust Institute of Social Studies , K.Murthy Ranjani
Published: November 2022

Definitions and constraints: This paper observes that GEEEW entails reduction in gender gaps and progress in women’s ownership entitlements, actual ownership, production capacities/ skill sets, exchange entitlements/ outcomes, consumption outcomes and women’s agency. Several indicators of GEEEW were identified, drawing on normative documents (CEDAW, Beijing PFA and SDGs) and a review of the literature. However, disaggregated data on GEEEW was available only for some indicators. Further, data on trends over time, which was necessary to calculate progress over time, was available only for a few indicators. Progress greater on formal than substantive gender equality: India seems largely on track on “formal equality” in the economic sphere, with legislations on equal remuneration, inheritance rights of most women, sexual harassment at work places, maternity benefits, and a bill on paternity leave (yet to be passed), to name a few. Yet, barring women’s access to savings bank accounts in their names (does not mean they exercise control, or that it is not used for instrumental purposes), women elected to PRIs (does not automatically mean they exercise leadership), proportion of workers/ days of MGNREGA work and higher education, the milestones may not be achieved by 2030 on other gender equality indicators. Gender equality is a commitment under all three normative documents referred to earlier. Available data indicates that universal access (one of the principles underpinning SDGs) of women by 2030 may be achieved mainly with regard to women’s access to savings accounts in their names and a few indicators that are common to women and men, such as 100% adult literacy and access to water and latrine in own premises.
Role of Histopathology in diagnosis of Soft Tissue Tumors at Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Gautam Nikita , Makaju Ramesh , Dhakal Rachana , Basnet Dipika , Lama Binita
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Soft tissue tumors (STTs) are a diverse group of neoplasms. It varies from the most common benign tumors to some self-limited lesions and rare malignant soft tissue tumors. Because of the overlap in their clinical and radiological characteristics, histopathology is crucial in determining their diagnosis.

Objectives: To study the relative frequencies of types of soft tissue tumors (benign, intermediate and malignant) as well as their histological pattern in relation to age, gender and site of distribution.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted over a period of three years from January 2018 to December 2020 in the Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre Nepal. This study included STTs of all the anatomical sites excluding STTs of the female reproductive system. The tumors were classified as benign, intermediate, or malignant using the WHO 2013 classification of soft tissue and bone tumors. The sarcomas were further graded into grades 1, 2, and 3 using the FNCLCC (French Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer) grading system. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and special staining procedures were also performed as and when required. 

Result: A total of 198 STTs were studied, of which benign cases were 191 (96.45%), intermediate 03 (1.52%) and malignant 04 (2.03%) in number. The most common type of STTs was vascular tumors 77(38.89%) followed by adipocytic tumors 52(26.26%) and nerve sheath tumors 13(6.56%). STTs were most common in the third decade of life, with the head and neck region       being the commonest site.  All four malignant tumors were categorized using the FNCLCC grading system. There were three cases of Grade 2 sarcoma and one case of Grade 3 sarcoma.

Conclusion: The most common benign tumors were vascular tumors followed by adipocytic tumors and nerve sheath tumors. STTs were most common in the third decade of life. Benign tumors were more common than malignant tumors.  In comparison to malignant tumors, benign tumors were found at a younger age group. STTs were found mainly in the head and neck region followed by upper and lower limbs. Despite the fact that molecular diagnostics is gaining popularity in the field of soft tissue tumors, histopathology still remains the gold standard.
Clinico-pathological Study of Solid Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Sapkota Sulav , Priyadarshini Mona
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Solid cancers are increasing in eastern region of Nepal. There are very few centers providing chemotherapy treatment to solid cancer patients in eastern region of Nepal.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to stratify the types of solid cancers and study their socio-demographic and clinicopathological features of solid cancer.
Methodology:  This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from 1st September 2020 to 1st july 2021 at the department of Oncology . All the histologically proven patients of solid cancers, derived from solid organs like lung, stomach, liver, breast etc, receiving chemotherapy during the study period were taken as study population. All the relevant data were entered in the excel sheet and analyzed by the help of statistical software.
Result: There were total seventy three cases who got admitted for chemotherapy during the study duration at the department of Oncology. The patients were between 30-85 years, with the mean age of 59 years and the proportion of females were almost double (64%) than male. 78% cancers were advanced staged in contrast to 22% early stage cancers. Cases were majorly with clinical remission (30%) out of which most common were breast and colorectal cancers. Total 58% of the cases were alive while 42% of the cases expired during the study period.
Conclusion: There is a need of comprehensive cancer center in eastern region of Nepal due to increase in the burden of solid cancers.
A Comparative Study of Alkalined and Plain Local Anesthetic on Onset, Duration and Quality of Bracheal Plexus Block by Supraclavicular Approach.
Authors: Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Thapa Ajay Singh , Sah Rakesh
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in term of such damage. The relief from pain is the essence of anesthesia. Peripheral nerve blocks provide longer and more localized pain relief than neuraxial techniques while also avoiding the side effects of systemic medication. This study was aimed to find the effectiveness of Study solution (addition of Sodium bicarbonate to 0.375% Bupivacaine) on onset time, duration and quality of Brachial Plexus Block.
Material and methods: This study was conducted among 60 different patients undergoing surgical procedure of the upper limb. They were categorized into two different groups. The first group (Group 1), 30 patients received Brachial Plexus block with 30 ml of study solution (0.375% Bupivacaine with 2 ml of Sodium bicarbonate7.4%). The second group (Group 2) received 30 ml of 0.375 % plain bupivacaine only and the differences in onset, duration and quality of blockade were studied.
Result: The similarity of age between the two groups can be seen. In Group 1 the mean onset time of sensory blockade was 9.43 minutes and motor blockade was 10.43 minutes when compared to Group 2 having sensory onset of minutes 23.93 and motor onset of 26.33 minutes. Similarly, In Group I the mean duration of sensory blockade was 477.67 minutes and motor blockade were 467.67 minutes when compared to Group 2 having sensory duration of 215.67 and motor duration of 205.67 minutes. The quality of sensory blockade was also better in group1 (P-Value:0.006).
Conclusion: Addition of Sodium bicarbonate to bupivacaine had significant clinical advantage over plain bupivacaine on onset time, duration and quality of sensory and motor blockade in brachial plexus block.
Outcome of unstable intertrochanteric fractures managed with Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-rotation-II: A study in elderly Nepalese population.
Authors: Kunwar Suman Dhoj , Sitoula Prakash , Jha Ranjib Kumar , Thapa Bishwamber , Rajthala Ashish
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The ideal implant for treating unstable intertrochanteric fracture has been controversial. Studies have shown good results with various intra-medullary nails. Likewise, Proximal Femoral Anti-rotation-II (PFNA-II) has been designed for the Asian population. But the knowledge about the outcomes of PFNA II in our particular region has been lacking.
Objectives :  To evaluate the radiological and functional outcome of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients managed with PFNA-II.
Methodology: This is a prospective clinical study conducted at Nobel Medical College between February 2019 and March 2021. Patients above 65 years of age with unilateral unstable intertrochanteric fracture were managed with PFNA-II. Radiological union and complications were recorded. Functional outcome was assessed on the basis of modified Harris Hip Score.
Results: Twenty-nine patients were included in the final evaluation and had at least one year follow-up. Two patients (6.8%) had superficial infection. The average Tip Apex Distance (TAD) was 22.28 mm (range, 18- 28 mm). Mean modified Harris Hip Score at one year was 82.59 with good outcome in 23(79.3%) patients.
Conclusion: This study showed that good clinical outcome can be obtained when radiological parameters are restored. Good intra-operative fracture reduction, and optimal positioning and length of helical blade are crucial. We believe that PFNA-II is an excellent implant to treat unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.
Compound odontoma: A case report on 42 denticles hodgepodge in maxilla
Authors: Shrestha Sneha , Rai Amita , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta , Shrestha Ashish
Published: November 2022

Compound odontomas are the commonest benign odontogenic tumours of jaws affecting mostly children and adolescents. These developmental malformations display many tooth-like structures or denticles that consist of well-defined dental tissues with diverse morphologies. Majority of these lesions occur as intraosseous masses in the maxillary anterior region and are incidental radiographic findings. These are primarily associated with retention of primary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. The preferred treatment for these lesions is conservative surgical excision followed by a histopathological diagnosis. This case report presents a rare case of compound odontoma displaying numerous denticles (42 in number) in the maxillary anterior region of a 12-year-old male child and its surgical management.