bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluxos de trabalho para atendimento de pacientes com COVID-19 em um hospital universitário
Authors: Oliveira Glória Yanne Martins de , Conceição Edna Cristina Vieira , Reis Danielle Saraiva Tuma dos , Mendes Cinthia Furtado , Marsola Lourival Rodrigues , Souza Elaine Regina Corrêa de , Barroso Regina Fátima Feio , Aben-Athar Cintia Yolette Urbano Pauxis , Ramos Aline Maria Pereira Cruz , Cunha Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo
Published: December 2022

ORCID: ORCID: ORCID: ORCID: ORCID: ORCID: ORCID: ORCID: ORCID: ORCID:
Textual and Spoken Sayings About Al-Akhfash in Al-Aroodh Books from Third Century to Sixth Century AH
Authors: Salim Hibah Raheem Shihan
Published: December 2022

The research is divided into: an introduction, a preface, three chapters, and a conclusion. This study is based on the collection of textual and spoken sayings about Al-Akhfash in Al-Aroodh books from the third century to the sixth century AH. The research presented an introductory introduction to Al-Akhfash, then the first topic: a definition of the textual sayings in the chapter on naming rhymes, and the pronouns of poetry and its types, and what was mentioned about it. As for the third topic, it deals with movements and poetic construction, its parts, and the defects that befall the poetic verse. And since the field of collecting in transferring what distinguished scholars in the field of accidental study is one of the areas in which there is little interest, it was necessary to collect this legacy, which must be included in the course of accidental studies so that the effort is not wasted and the intention becomes clear, and God is behind the intent.
Analysis of The Impact of Monetary Policy in Bank Credit: An Applied Study On the Iraqi Banking Sector Using The NARDL Model from 2005 To 2021
Authors: Faisal Faisal Ghazi
Published: December 2022

The study aimed to analyze the impact of monetary policy on bank credit in Iraq. We depended on the application of standard methods by applying a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL), based on monthly data for a time series for the period (2005 - 2021). The results showed a positive, long-term positive shock relationship to the independent variables (money supply, policy interest rate, inflation and bank deposits) on the dependent variable (bank credit), while the results did not show an effect of long-term negative shocks by the independent variables (money supply, price of money, Policy interest, inflation and deposits) on the dependent variable (bank credit) with the exception of the effect of long-term negative shocks by bank deposits on bank credit where it was positive, while a significant long-term inverse relationship was also found for the positive shocks of the independent variables (legal reserve and price exchange) on the dependent variable (bank credit), while the effect of long-term negative shocks generated by the exchange rate on bank credit is direct and moral, while there is no effect of long-term negative shocks generated by the legal reserve in the dependent variable (bank credit). In light of the results of the study, the researcher recommends the need to develop specific administrative and organizational measures to control the variables that govern the management of expansion and contraction in the volume of bank credit granted by banks operating in the Iraqi banking sector in proportion to stimulating economic growth, as well as unifying the efforts of the central bank and commercial banks operating in The Iraqi banking sector to create a suitable climate for bank credit.
Logistics Reforms and Operational Performance of the National Police Service in Vihiga County, Kenya: Application of the Police Escort Rationalization
Authors: Bongoli Mwawasi Norman , Ouma Dr. Denis , Nurwin Dr. Fozia
Published: December 2022

Security is one of the pillars required for long-term funding and sustenance of current ventures. Logistic reforms are key in dealing with threats to barriers that hinder operational performance. The core functions of any government is to ensure protection of life and property of its citizens. This study sought to establish the influence of logistic reforms on the operational performance of the national police service in Vihiga County, Kenya, an application of the police escort rationalization. This study was guided by the theory of replacement. The study used positivism research philosophy in choosing the methods, research instruments and techniques. A descriptive survey research design was employed where primary was collected. A target population of 740 police officers was used, and from this number, a sample size of 260 respondents was computed through Yamane’s formula. Questionnaires were used to collect primary. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used. The results of the regression analysis showed that police escort rationalization had a positive significant influence on operational performance with coefficients of 0.210, and p values of 0.000, which are less than 0.05. The study concluded that improvement of police escort rationalization, improve the operational performance by increasing operation efficiency of police service in Vihiga County. The findings have a direct benefits on managers of police services and policy makers to enable them put strategies in place to improve the logistic reforms on operational performance. The study recommended that management of Vihiga police service should implement the police logistic reforms to enhance and improve the operational performance of the National Police Service in Vihiga County.
Studies on the Implementation Pathway of ‘Credit System’ Reform Through Sino-foreign Joint Education Programs
Authors: Kang Sun , Zhixin Chen
Published: December 2022

Sino-foreign Joint Education Programs (SJEPs) is an important strategy for Chinese universities to improve the level of international education. It has been carried out in China for more than 30 years. Yunnan province currently has 23 SJEPs for undergraduates and graduates level. The implementation of SJEPs has promoted the reform of ‘credit system’ in Yunnan universities in recent years. Based on an investigation of current SJEPS and the situation of complete credit system reform in Yunnan province, this paper puts forward an implementation pathway to promote the ‘credit system’ reform through SJEPs.
ANÁLISE DA EFETIVIDADE DE PROCESSOS DE SISTEMA DE REGISTRO DE PREÇOS: UM ESTUDO NO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Santos Danilo de Araújo Azevedo , Ziger Reneu Cesar , Michelon Paula de Souza
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a efetividade de processos de Sistema de Registro de Preços no Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC). Para tanto, utilizaram-se informações de processos de aquisição de divisórias dos anos de 2016 a 2019. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório, descritiva e quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados a partir do portal de Compras do Governo Federal. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem desenhar um diagnóstico dos processos de Sistema de Registro de Preços indicando aspectos quanto as estimativas dos processos e os problemas que podem ocasionar seu mal dimensionamento, de acordo com o método licitatório utilizado pelo IFSC. Diante disso, foi possível concluir que o planejamento dos Campus da Instituição utilizados como parâmetro de estimativas dos os processos necessita de ajustes. O Sistema de Registro de Preços apresenta vantagens no modo como Administração Pública contrata, facilidades nas aquisições, sendo ferramenta fundamental na Gestão de compras e contratações públicas.
ADOÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS DE TARGET COSTING POR EMPRESAS DE SERVIÇOS DE TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO (TIC)
Authors: Cortes Braga Eliane
Published: December 2022

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a adoção de práticas do processo de target costing por empresas do setor de serviços de TIC – Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação. Para isso, foi elaborada uma revisão da literatura acerca do target costing – conceito, objetivo, princípios e etapas do seu processo. Foi realizado um survey, com o uso de um questionário online padronizado e estruturado, com as empresas associadas à ASSESPRO (Associações das Empresas Brasileiras de Tecnologia da Informação). Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que as empresas participantes são empresas de pequeno e médio portes e baixa complexidade organizacional. No geral, os achados demonstram que as empresas investigadas fazem uso de práticas do processo de target costing, sobretudo de práticas das etapas iniciais do processo: etapa de definição das características dos produtos/serviços e da etapa definição da margem de lucro e estimação do custo alvo dos produtos/serviços. Apesar das práticas das etapas seguintes do processo de target costing (atividades de gerenciamento de custos e atividades de melhoria contínua) também apresentarem altos números de frequência, os resultados sugerem que as empresas investigadas precisam melhorar nesse aspecto.
LEGAL NATURE OF USE AND PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN SETTLEMENTS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Uzakova Guzal
Published: December 2022

The article explains the concept of settlement based on scientific and theoretical concepts and current legislation. The author has developed his own independent approach to the division of settlements into species. The legal description and nature of the settlements are also revealed. The article examines the main environmental problems in cities, the solution of which is considered in the framework of the new UN Urban Development Program (Habitat III). The author pays special attention to ensuring the quality of the environment in settlements, strict adherence to environmental standards and thus ensuring the rights of individual to a comfortable environment. At the same time, the need to ensure the harmony of ecological, economic and social aspects of urban development as one of the important conditions for sustainable development is scientifically justified. The author scientifically and legally analyzes the issues of environmentalization of production, industry, construction, acoustic impact in settlements, environmental and legal requirements for the protection of atmospheric air, compliance with sanitary norms related to water resources and public health. The article substantiates the need for the State Committee for Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan to introduce a procedure for conducting an «environmental rating» of cities with the broad involvement of the public. Based on the research conducted on the topic, conclusions of scientific and practical significance have been developed.
FEATURES OF TEACHING THE MODULE «CIVIL LAW» WITH THE USE OF INTERACTIVE AND INNOVATIVE METHODS ON THE TOPIC «PROPERTY TRUST MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT»
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Burkhanova Leyla
Published: December 2022

The article examines the essence of interactive learning as an educational process that takes place in the conditions of constant and active interaction of the teacher with all students. The features of interactive teaching methods are determined, as activation of the student’s thinking process; long term of student activity; independence of judgment; constant interaction of students with each other and the teacher. The general techniques of the interactive lesson in teaching the topic «Contract of trust management of property» - a role-playing legal game-are considered, the strengths of this training method are analyzed. The article highlights the issues of innovative methods and forms of education, reveals the essence of the concept of «innovation» in teaching at TSUL. The definition of an innovative method, methodology, approach, and technology is given. Differentiation of teaching methods is considered taking into account the interaction – teacher and student. The author expresses the opinion that the modern methodology for teaching the topic «Property trust agreement» is a methodology built on an effective approach to teaching, according to which there are certain methods and they have been discussed in the article. It is argued that interactive and innovative teaching methods are multicomponent. Specific interactive and innovative teaching methods and techniques are considered to ensure high efficiency of the educational process in teaching legal disciplines - error analysis, brainstorming, Socratic dialogue, business (role) play and others. The article emphasizes the forms of teaching based on the synthesis of classroom and extracurricular work are highly productive and promising. Concrete proposals have been formulated for the development and implementation of interactive and innovative forms and methods of teaching, which are an important component of scientific and methodological and educational work at the university.
THE ETERNAL SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF EASTERN RENAISSANCE THINKERS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Azimov Xakimali
Published: December 2022

It is noteworthy in the article that a comprehensive study of the culture and spirituality of the Eastern Renaissance, the transmission of the rich cultural and spiritual heritage of our great geniuses to the younger generation has risen to the level of state policy. When we look back at historical development of humanity, we see that life itself proves that no society, no state can develop without science, enlightenment, noble ideas and ideology. After gaining its independence, Uzbekistan set a great goal to build a democratic state based on the rule of law. In pursuit of this noble goal, the foundation of a society based on legal democratic principles were laid. In this work, priority was given to a comprehensive study, research and application of a prodigious heritage of great geniuses in our lives. Efforts have been made to provide sufficient information about life path of great ancestors and the rich scientific and creative heritage they have created. During the period of enlightenment, especially in the middle Ages, it reached its peak and flourished. During this period, thousands of our great thinkers, scientists and poets grew up and made an invaluable contribution to world science development. This article emphasizes that it is a sacred duty of each of us to thoroughly study and implement the great historical, cultural and spiritual heritage of our ancestors, to conquer the peaks of science, to enhance the prestige of our country and its glory.
Bîrûnî'nin Fiziki Coğrafyaya katkıları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KARABULUT Murat
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada yer bilimleri alanında önemli eserler üretmiş olan Birûnî’nin Fiziki Coğrafya konusunda ortya koyduğu katkılar incelenmiştir. Bu hedef doğrultusunda Bîrûnî’nin günümüze kadar ulaşan Türkçe yada İngilizceye çevrilen bazı kitapları esas alınmıştır. Tahdid (Tahdîdü Nihâyâti’l-Emâkin), Hindistan (Tahkiku Mâ li’l Hind), Maziden Kalanlar (El-Âsar el-Bâkiye) aratırmamıza kaynaklık eden eserlerdir. Harizm’in Kat şehrinde doğan Bîrûnî, Coğrafya, Astronomi, Matematik, Felsefe, Din Bilimleri ve diğer birçok alanda çalışmalar yaparak eserler üretti ve açıklamalarda bulundu. Özellikle Fiziki Coğrafyaya yadsınamayacak düzeyde katkı sağladı. Yerkürenin şekli, boyutu ve hareketlerini tartıştı ve günüze yakın sonuçlara ulaştı. Dünya yüzeyinin nasıl şekillendiği ve hangi güçlerin etklili olduğu konusunda gözlemler yaptı ve çağının ilerisinde teoriler geliştirdi. Yer kabuğunun özellikleriyle birlikte erozyon, taşıma ve birikme süreçlerini açıkladı. Güneşin zenital hareketlerini ele aldı. Dünyanın hemde kendi hemde güneş etrafında dönüp ya da dönmediğine dair tartışmalar yaptı. İzostasi ve yer çekimi kuvvetine dair değerlendirmelerde bulundu. Kendi dönemine kadar fiziki coğrafya konusunda yazılmış eserde yer almayan bir çok kavram üzerinde durdu. Hindistan’ın Fiziki coğrayasını yazdı. Hint okyanusundan esen Muson rüzgarlarının özelliklerini, değişim zamanlarını ve çeşitli yönlerdeki hareketlerini değerlendirdi. Yağış oluşum mekanizmalarından birisi oaln orografik tipi ilk açıklmaya çalışan düşünür oldu. Akarsuların yeryüzeyini şekillendirmedeki rollerini inceleyerek fluviyal Jeomorfolojinin temellerini attı. Denizlerin kökenleri, seviyeleri, tuzluluk özellikleri gibi konularda açıklamalarda bulundu. Ayrıca büyük bir denizin Akdeniz ile Hint okyanusu arasındaki bölgeyi kapladığını tespit etti. Denizlerden uzakta ve yüksekte bulunan kayaların içerisinde bulunan canlı kalıntıları olan fosillerin varlığını gözlemledi ve dünya tarihi açısından önemlerini açıkladı. Gelgit hareketlerinin Ay’ın evreleriyle ilişkisini ortaya koydu. Birçok mineralin yoğunluk değerini yüksek doğrulukta belirledi.
Meta-competences that confer teachers’ credibility and charisma after COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Universitatea Petrol-Gaze Ploiești, Mărgărițoiu Alina , Eftimie Simona ,   Universitatea Petrol-Gaze Ploiești
Published: December 2022

A paradigmatic change in education is due to the transition from teaching contents / information to training and skills development and, more, on developing meta-competences. This study aims to identify master students’ perception (School Counselling and Career Development) concerning their meta-competences that confer credibility and charisma to teachers after COVID-19 pandemic. Significant results are analysed; and finally, we have conceived some recommendations for continuous teachers’ training that propose to develop these meta-competences.
Time management and division of domestic tasks in Romanian families
Authors:   Universitatea Petrol-Gaze Ploiești, Iurea Corina
Published: December 2022

Time management and the division of domestic tasks is a real problem for Romanian families. These days, in reality, parents spend less and less time with their children, as they are busy with their jobs, and, consequently, in the absence of the parents who are supposed to supervise them, little ones take refuge in the latest technological developments, i.e., phone, tablet and computer. I dedicate this study to the teachers, parents and to all those interested in how they can use their time efficiently and in how this influences the division of tasks and responsibilities in a family so that it may function in a balanced way, develop harmonious relationships and a healthy emotional state.
NOVOS USOS PARA A ENERGIA SOLAR DIANTE DAS MUDANÇAS TECNOLÓGICAS MUNDIAIS
Authors: Ferreira Luiz Felipe de Carvalho , Pacheco Jonas dos Santos
Published: December 2022

Este artigo é puramente teórico e busca apresentar os conceitos e a inserção das novas tecnologias de painéis fotovoltaicos aplicadas à realidade do cidadão brasileiro, seja para uso residencial, seja para o carregamento de veículos elétricos. No primeiro quadrimestre de 2022 houve o crescimento de quase 80% em vendas de veículos elétricos, em comparação ao mesmo período do ano anterior (PROINST), com isso, buscou-se abordar os benefícios do uso de painéis fotovoltaicos nas residências, bem como as vantagens para a recarga dos veículos, demonstrando a versatilidade de sua utilização. Com tamanho aumento no número de veículos elétricos em circulação no país, o impacto na geração e distribuição de energia pode sobrecarregar a rede e, com isso, a energia solar torna-se uma alternativa viável para aliviar não somente o sistema elétrico, evitando, assim, uma possível sobrecarga, mas também como alívio financeiro para o usuário comum, tendo em vista que o os painéis fotovoltaicos, apesar de ter custos ainda elevados, compensam o valor investido com o decorrer do tempo.
GENerator of reduced Organic Aerosol mechanism (GENOA v1.0): an automatic generation tool of semi-explicit mechanisms
Authors: Wang Zhizhao , Couvidat Florian , Sartelet Karine
Published: December 2022

Abstract. This paper describes the GENerator of reduced Organic Aerosol mechanism (GENOA) that produces semi-explicit mechanisms for simulating the formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in air quality models.
Using a series of predefined reduction strategies and evaluation criteria, GENOA trains and reduces SOA mechanisms from near-explicit chemical mechanisms (e.g., the Master Chemical Mechanism – MCM) under representative atmospheric conditions.
As a consequence, these trained SOA mechanisms can preserve the accuracy of detailed gas-phase chemical mechanisms on SOA formation (e.g., molecular structures of crucial organic compounds, the effect of “non-ideality”, and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic partitioning of aerosols), with a size (in terms of reaction and species numbers) that is manageable for three-dimensional (3-D) aerosol modeling (e.g., regional chemical transport models).
Applied to the degradation of sesquiterpenes (as β-caryophyllene) from MCM, GENOA builds a concise SOA mechanism (2 % of the MCM size) that consists of 23 reactions and 15 species, with 6 of them being condensable. The generated SOA mechanism has been evaluated regarding its ability to reproduce SOA concentrations under the varying atmospheric conditions encountered over Europe, with an average error lower than 3 %.
Transforming living labs into lighthouses: a promising policy to achieve land-related sustainable development
Authors: Bouma Johan
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The previous rather abstract debate about sustainable development has been focused by the introduction of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 and the related European Union (EU) Green Deal (GD) in 2019. Restricting attention to agriculture, proposed targets and indicators are, however, not specific enough to allow a focus for developing innovative and sustainable management practices. Clarity is needed because farmers are suspicious of governmental actions. To confront these problems, the European Commission (EC) has presented the Mission concept that requires joint learning between farmers, scientists and citizens. For the soil mission, “living labs” are proposed that should evolve into “lighthouses” when environmental thresholds for each of at least six land-related ecosystem services are met. This presents “wicked” problems that can be “tamed” by measuring indicators for ecosystem services that
are associated with the land-related SDGs in a given living lab. Thresholds with a character that is occasionally regional are needed to separate the “good” from the “not yet good enough”. Contributions by the soil to ecosystem services can be expressed by assessing soil health. By introducing the mission concept, the policy arena challenges the research community to rise to the occasion by developing effective interaction models with farmers and citizens that can be the foundation for innovative and effective environmental rules and regulations. We argue and illustrate with a specific example, that establishing Living Labs can be an important, if not essential, contribution to realizing the lofty goals of the SDGs and the Green Deal as they relate to agriculture.
SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF CARBON DIOXIDE, SENSIBLE AND LATENT HEAT FLUXES IN A NORTHERN TAIGA LARCH FOREST OF CENTRAL SIBERIA ACCORDING TO EDDY COVARIANCE FLUX MEASUREMENTS
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, OL’CHEV A. V. , ZYRYANOV V. I. ,   Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, SATOSINA E. M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, FOKEEV E. V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, MUKHARTOVA YU. V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, NOVENKO E. YU. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, PROKUSHKIN A. S. ,   Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

The seasonal and daily variability of sensible and latent heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes, as well as the sensitivity of the fluxes to changing environmental conditions were derived by the eddy covariance flux measurements in an undisturbed northern-taiga larch forest on continuous permafrost in Central Siberia from the end of May to the end of September in 2013 and 2015. The measurements showed a high seasonal and daily variability of CO2, sensible and latent heat fluxes. It was found that whereas dry and sunny weather conditions of June and July in 2013 and 2015 resulted in lower daily latent heat fluxes as compared to sensible ones, mostly cloudy and rainy weather in the second half of the summer led to the reduced net radiation and increased latent heat fluxes. The daily values of gross primary production from the beginning of June to mid-August in 2013 and 2015 exceeded the values of the ecosystem respiration, and the forest ecosystem was the sink of CO2 from the atmosphere. The maximum CO2 uptake was observed in late June and early July, primarily due to high photosynthesis rates influenced by high incoming solar radiation, optimal air temperature, and soil moisture conditions. Since mid-August, the balance between the CO2 uptake and release was close to zero. The total net ecosystem CO2 exchange during the growing season of 2013 was -76.5 g C/m2, while it was slightly higher (-103.6 g C/m2) during the growing season of 2015, primarily due to higher air temperatures in June and greater precipitation in the summer months of 2015.
MODEL ESTIMATES FOR CONTRIBUTION OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 AND CH4 EMISSIONS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM THE TERRITORY OF RUSSIA, CHINA, CANADA, AND THE USA TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors:   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, DENISOV S. N. , ELISEEV A. V. ,   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, MOKHOV I. I. ,   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Published: December 2022

Model estimates of the contribution of anthropogenic and natural fluxes of greenhouse gases from the territories of different countries to global climate change in the 21st century under different scenarios of anthropogenic forcing were obtained. Quantitative estimates were made for the effect of changes in regional climatic conditions on the intensity of the greenhouse gas exchange between the atmosphere and natural ecosystems over different time horizons in comparison with anthropogenic emissions. For Russia, China, Canada, and the United States, the CO2 uptake by natural ecosystems in the second half of the 21st century decreases under all scenarios of anthropogenic forcing, with a weakening of the corresponding climate-stabilizing effect. At the same time, the methane emission to the atmosphere by wetlands in the analyzed regions increases significantly in the 21st century according to the model estimates. As a consequence, the cumulative effect of natural fluxes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere for some regions may accelerate the warming.
ESTIMATED BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS FROM PRIORITY SOURCE CATEGORIES IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, GINZBURG V. A. , ZELENOVA M. S. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, KOROTKOV V. N. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, KUDRYAVTSEVA L. V. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, LYTOV V. M. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, MAKSIMOVA O. V. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, POPOV N. V. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology
Published: December 2022

Black carbon is commonly considered as a short-lived climate forcer, the relatively short lifetime of which can cause climatic effects at the regional level. The lack of mandatory reporting on black carbon emissions and a unified methodology for black carbon inventory leads to high uncertainty of existing estimates of black carbon emissions in Russia. The estimates of emissions from priority source categories are provided in the present paper. According to the estimates, averaged black carbon emissions for the period of 2010-2020 from intentional fuel combustion at anthropogenic sources in Russia, including fuel combustion at energy and industrial enterprises, small and domestic combustion, transport, hydrocarbon flaring, are 100 *103 t per year, and those from open combustion sources on non-forest lands are 10 *103 t per year. Emissions from forest fires have the greatest interannual variability and vary from 100 to 300*103 t of black carbon per year.
Merging Complex or Divergent Datasets using SPSS: A Method and Tutorial
Authors: Audette Lillian , Johnson Katherine , Hammond Marie , Lehmann Jenna , Oyeteju Michael
Published: December 2022

For many reasons, researchers place their data in multiple electronic datasets and later find that they wish to combine those datasets for a particular analysis. This article reports on an analysis of the extant literature on combining complex datasets and provides both a tutorial and related syntax that combines non-matching datasets (i.e., from different sources) in such a way that all data is contained in the final combined dataset with identification of data source. This syntax represents an improvement over the existing SPSS (v23-v27) combining dataset routines in terms of 1) expanding the types of datasets that can be combined, 2) completeness of the resulting dataset, and 3) facilitating management of multiple and/or divergent data sets. An additional benefit of using this process is the incorporation of a method to test the accuracy of the merged data and thus verify the data quality The SPSS syntax along with instructions and examples are reviewed in the article.
Keywords: SPSS, syntax, datasets, merging, longitudinal data
SELF COMPASSION DAN GRATITUDE SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR LONELINESS NARAPIDANA PEREMPUAN DI LAPAS PEREMPUAN KELAS IIA MEDAN
Authors: Aulia Qisthina , Astriska Bela Fira
Published: December 2022

Female prisoners who are serving their sentence in prison are prone to feeling lonely. Loneliness is a feeling of anxiety or depression due to a discrepancy between expectations and reality and an inability to establish and maintain relationships. These feelings made prisoners easy to get psychological effects, such as depression. This study aims to determine the role of self-compassion and gratitude towards loneliness in female prisoners at Lapas Kelas IIA Medan. Sampling carried out using a non-probability technique on 251 female prisoners. The measuring instrument in this study is Self Compassion Scale (SCS) developed by Neff (2003); The Indonesian version of the Grateful Scale developed by Listiyandini et al. (2015), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale developed by Russell (1996). Through multiple linear regression analysis, self-compassion and gratitude play a significant role as predictors of loneliness by 6.5% (p<.oo1). The three dimensions of self-compassion, namely self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness, also significant on loneliness. The results of this study expected to be one of the considerations for correctional institutions to help female prisoners develop self-compassion and gratitude to reduce feelings of loneliness during their prison terms.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BY PROBATION AND PAROLE OFFICERS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Saefudin Wahyu , Nasirudin Nasirudin
Published: December 2022

The cases enforcement of children in conflict with the law has shifted from retribution to restorative. This policy transformation was in line with the ratification of Act 11/2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, which replaced Act 3/1997 on Juvenile Court. This study aims to examine the role of community mentors in Indonesia, both before and after implementing the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. This study utilizes a qualitative approach through literature review with primary data originating from legislation, scientific journals, and books then studied systematically and described descriptively. The study results explain that probation and parole officers have a significant role in implementing restorative justice in Indonesia. This role has been proven to reduce the number of child criminals who must end up in prison. This study shows differences in the number of prison sentences for children before and after the enactment of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. Probation and parole officers are at the forefront of implementing restorative justice in Indonesia through their duties and functions
Diálogos multidisciplinares e interdisciplinares sobre a Neurociência e Neuropsicopedagogia
Authors: Souza Cristina de Fátima de Oliveira Brum Augusto de , Teixeira Fabio Luiz Fully , Manhães Fernanda Castro , Istoe Rosalee Santos Crespo
Published: December 2022

A neuropsicopedagogia é uma ciência transdisciplinar que se dedica ao estudo do funcionamento do sistema nervoso e a aprendizagem humana. Para tanto, essa ciência busca relacionar os estudos das neurociências com os conhecimentos da pedagogia e da psicologia cognitiva. Diante desse cenário, a presente obra, intitulada Diálogos multidisciplinares e interdisciplinares sobre a Neurociência e Neuropsicopedagogia, apresenta debates e reflexões sobre apontamentos originados durante os cursos de pós-graduação em Neurociências e Neuropsicopedagogia da Universidade Iguaçu – UNIG. Nesse contexto, a obra se apresenta em 16 capítulos ao longo de páginas que dissertam sobre a neurociência e a neuropsicopedagogia a partir de uma abordagem multidisciplinar e interdisciplinar.
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM COVID-19 IN A DIALYSIS CENTER IN NORTHERN BULGARIA
Authors:   Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria., Borisov Biser , Borisova Elena ,   Department of Pulmonology and Phtisiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria., Lubomirova Desislava ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria., Glogovska Pavlina ,   Department of Pulmonology and Phtisiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria.
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Since its inception in early 2020, COVID-19 has quickly become a pandemic, killing more than six million people worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in one Bulgarian hemodialysis center. Materials and methods: The study is retrospective, conducted for the period of 25th Apr 2020 – 31st Dec 2021. The mean annual number of hemodialysis patients was 184, including patients with end-stage renal disease and acute renal failure. The total number of patients with COVID-19 was 78 (42%), 49of which (63%) were males, the average age was 60 years (+/-12.1 years). Results: There was no significant difference between the mean age of patients divided by sex (p=0.069). A total of 33 people died (42%), 17 of whom (51%) were males. The average age of the deceased patients (64.24 +/- 10.846) was higher than that of the survivors (58.44 +/-12.286), and the difference was significant (p=0.034). There was no significant difference in the mean age of survived and deceased males (p=0.74) but for females, the difference was statistically significant – the mean age of survivorswas 55.00 (+/-12.03)and of the deceased patients was 67.6 (+/- 8.79) years. Conclusion: Our results confirm data from similar studies aboutthe high incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients. We confirma statistically significant increase in mortality of these patients with increasing age. Probably the mass vaccination of patients and staff; the use of antiviral drugs and biological therapy is the way to reduce morbidity and mortality among them.
Administrative and political system and economy of the Kingdom of Kanesh
Authors: Ghazaryan Robert
Published: December 2022

The state of Kanesh was one of the state formations established in Asia Minor during the Bronze Age. It played a significant role in the process of formation and establishment of the Hittite state (mid-XVII century BC - early XII century BC). The city was the second center of the Hittite state after Kussara, and its territory served as a base for the further expansion of the Hittite state. It is important to emphasize that the city was also the capital and the center of the international trade network (in more than forty cities) organized by Assyrians. The state structure of Kanesh, its system of government also had an influence on the Hittite state system. All these lead us to study and explore the history of that city-state, to have an understanding of its state order, economy, and socio-economic relations.
Išuwa towards the end of the XIII century BC (on the problem of the grooved ware)
Authors: Kosyan Aram
Published: December 2022

At the end of the XIII century BC archaeological excavations carried out in various regions of Eastern Turkey have revealed a complete cultural break, thus marking the end of the Late Bronze Age (LBA) and the rise of the Early Iron Age (EIA). The main peculiarity for the new culture is the appearance of the so-called "grooved ware" which was unearthed during the excavations at numerous sites on the territory of Išuwa, a political unit well attested by Hittite cuneiform texts. This same ware is known also from several sites located in different parts of Eastern Highlands (eastern Lake Van basin, Tillehöyük, Lidarhöyük, Erzurum, Iğdır, etc.). To date the causes of this phenomenon are not clear. Ch. Burney and V. Sevin were the first to assume that at least in the case of the Upper Euphrates basin the transition from LBA to EIA was the result of migration from Transcaucasia. Later this as-sumption was cast doubt on by other archaeologists. U. Müller suggested that the source for the grooved ware should be looked for in Išuwa, and that later some population of this region moved to the south and south-east. For the solution to this problem the author refers to the movement of the population of the Kura-Araxes culture of Transcaucasia and neighboring regions to the south-west and south which happened about 2000 years before the end of the LBA, during the termination of the Early Bronze Age I in Transcaucasia (end of the IV millennium BC). Most probably, the causes of both migrations could be the result of the so-called 5.2 and 3.2 kiloyear climatic events. Strikingly, the routes of the Kura-Araxes I migrants coincide with that of the grooved ware people. Thus, the suggestion of Ch. Burney and V. Sevin seem more plausible than the proposals put forward by later authors. Most probably in both cases we deal with significant migrations of Transcaucasian population groups.
A fragment of an unknown Armenian homiletic collection from the Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts
Authors:   ՀՀ ԳԱԱ Արևելագիտության ինստիտուտ, Chitunashvili Dali
Published: December 2022

In the Armenian manuscripts fund of the Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts there is preserved a Gospel, which paleographically dates back to the 15th century [10:238]. The Gospel was restored in the 60s of the 20th century, and the fragments of the authentic leather cover are preserved. In the course of the restoration, it appears that two sheets of parchment used as flyleaves have been removed. The parchment fragments are horizontally cut parts of a single sheet and attract attention from both paleographical and textual perspectives. Before being cut, the size of the fragment was 320x210, but even this does not reflect the original size of the parchment sheet, since only one column survives in the fragment, that too incompletely, and the manuscript must have been written in at least two columns. In the fragment preserved today, the size of the column is 115 mm, the distance be-tween the columns is 20 mm, there are 22 lines in the column, the distance between the lines is 10 mm, the bottom margin is 110 mm, and the right margin is 82 mm.
A metamorphosis of three-dimensional wave structure in transitional and turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Jiang Xianyang
Published: December 2022

Laminar-turbulent transition in boundary layers is characterized by the generation and metamorphosis of flow structures. The early transition is usually associated with a process of the evolution from a three-dimensional (3-D) wave to a Λ-vortex. To develop a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal wave-warping process and its roles in precipitating the development of other structures (e.g. hairpin-like structure and turbulent spot), we present numerical studies of both K-regime transition and bypass transition. In this talk, I will first illustrate a qualitative comparison of flow visualizations between a K-regime zero pressure gradient case and an adverse pressure gradient case, based on the method of Lagrangian tracking of marked particles. The underlying vortex dynamics will be presented using a proposed method of Lagrangian-averaged enstrophy. Next, I will draw attention to the 3-D wave structures in bypass transition and early turbulent boundary layer and will describe similar flow behaviours between transitional and turbulent boundary layers. Finally, I will discuss a path to transition, which hypothesizes that the amplification of a 3-D wave precipitates low-speed streaks and rotational structures in wall-bounded flows.
Cause-and-effect of linear mechanisms sustaining in wall turbulence
Authors: Lozano-Duran Adrian
Published: December 2022

Despite the nonlinear nature of turbulence, there is evidence that part of the energy-transfer mechanisms sustaining wall turbulence can be ascribed to linear processes. The different scenarios stem from linear stability theory and comprise exponential instabilities, neutral modes, transient growth from non-normal operators, and parametric instabilities from temporal mean-flow variations, among others. These mechanisms, each potentially capable of leading to the observed turbulence structure, are rooted in simplified physical models. Whether the flow follows any or a combination of them remains elusive. Here, we evaluate the linear mechanisms responsible for the energy transfer from the streamwise-averaged mean-flow U to the fluctuating velocities u’. To that end, we use cause-and-effect analysis based on interventions: manipulation of the causing variable leads to changes in the effect. This is achieved by direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flows at low Reynolds number, in which the energy transfer from U to u’ is constrained to preclude a targeted linear mechanism. We show that transient growth is sufficient for sustaining realistic wall turbulence. Self-sustaining turbulence persists when exponential instabilities, neutral modes, and parametric instabilities of the mean flow are suppressed. We further show that a key component of transient growth is the Orr/push-over mechanism induced by spanwise variations of the base flow.
A scaling theory for meridional heat transport in oceans and planetary atmospheres
Authors: Gallet Basile
Published: December 2022

Developing a theory of climate requires an accurate parameterization of the transport induced by turbulent eddies. A major source of turbulence in the mid-latitude planetary atmospheres and oceans is the baroclinic instability of the large-scale flows. I will introduce idealized models of planetary atmospheres and oceanic currents, before presenting a physically based scaling theory that quantitatively predicts the turbulent diffusivity, eddy kinetic energy and mixing length of baroclinic turbulence as a function of the large-scale flow characteristics, the bottom friction and the curvature of the planet (through beta). I will then use the theory as a quantitative parameterization in the case of meridionally dependent forcing, in the fully turbulent regime. Beyond its relevance for climate theories, this work is an intriguing example of a successful closure for a fully turbulent flow.
Technical Report: Lagos floods
Authors:   University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Higuera Roa Oscar , O'Connor Jack , Seun Ogunwumi Taiwo , Ihinegbu Christopher , Reimer Lynggaard Josefine , Sebesvari Zita , Eberle Caitlyn , Koli Margaret
Published: December 2022

Lagos faces increasingly severe annual flooding, exacerbated by sea level rise and subsidence. In 2021, floods again submerged vehicles and houses, displacing thousands from their homes. The demand for sand in construction materials drives illegal sand mining and erosion on the coast of Nigeria, degrading ecosystems and increasing flood risk. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Lagos floods through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
Effect of Forming Method on the Behavior of the Drawing Process of a Complex Shape
Authors: Mohammed Adnan I.
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to produce a complex shape with eight vertices in a deep-drawing process. Two methods were used to perform this study. The first method is called the direct method (drawing process), in which a complex shape was produced directly from drawing metal sheets. The second method called the indirect method (redrawing process) involves producing a complex shape from the re-drawing process of the cylindrical shape previously drawn from sheet metal. The two methods were also compared in terms of drawing force, thickness distribution, stress, and strain distribution. The sheet metal used in this work is made of low carbon steel (1008-AISI) with dimensions of 0.7 mm in thickness and 80 mm in diameter. In the present study, ANSYS 18.0 software was used for simulating the drawing and redrawing process. The results indicate the maximum drawing force with a drawing process (41 KN EXP, 30 KN FES). The effective stress and the effective strain increase until the cup’s end and reach the maximum values of the effective stress (835.23 MPa FES) and the effective strain (0. 442 FES, 0.345 EXP) in the area of the minor axis curvature with the process of re-drawing. The maximum thinning at the corner area with the redrawing process (7. 143% FES, 5.722% EXP) at the zone of the minor axis curvature. Also, the best distribution of thickness, stresses, and strains along the wall of the complex shape with the first method (drawing process).
Effect of Using Different Preparation Methods on the Properties of CdS Nanoparticles
Authors: Abbas Nada K. , Yaaqoub Zainab
Published: December 2022

This study aims to prepare cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in two methods, which are the chemical method and the biological method using two types of extracts, green tea, and starch. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The synthesis of crystalline CdS nanoparticles was confirmed by various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the pattern reveals cubic and hexagonal structures. The average crystal size for the methods respectively is 11.5, 15.9, and 5.67 nm, which have a spherical shape for nanoparticles CdS by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The peaks of cadmium and sulfur emerged in the assay (EDX). The energy gap of the CdS has increased than the energy gap of the bulk CdS, the results were 2.63, 2.88, and 3.06 eV, respectively. This is an evidence of obtaining a nano-material for CDS by these two methods.