bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and calculation of the fatigue crack growth life in structural steels
Authors: Savkin A. N. , Badikov K. A. , Sedov A. A.
Published: April 2021

The kinetics of fatigue crack growth has been studied in tensile testing of compact steel tensile specimens (S(T)-type) in the middle section of the kinetic diagram of fatigue fracture (fatigue crack growth diagram) under regular and irregular loading with different asymmetry and maximum load values. The samples were tested on a BISS Nano-25kN servo-hydraulic machine. Standard loading spectra typical for different technical objects exposed to alternating loading during operation were used. The values of the crack growth rate per cycle in the loading block were obtained. Parameters for assessing the character of irregular loading and crack closure, namely, the irregularity factor and crack closure coefficient were proposed. When calculating the effective value of the range of the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack mouth, we propose also to take into account the loading irregularity in addition to the closure coefficient. With this approach, the obtained fatigue crack growth diagrams can be grouped into one equivalent curve, which is characteristic of regular loading with R = 0. Moreover, grouping of the fatigue crack growth diagrams provided the use of unified parameters when calculating the crack growth kinetics, regardless of the type and parameters of loading, which rather simplified the crack growth determination. The fatigue crack growth life was predicted taking into account the crack «closure» and the nature of loading according both to the approach developed by the authors and by cyclic calculation method (cycle-by-cycle). All the data obtained are tabulated and classed according to the type of loading. The calculation results and experimental data showed good convergence, which was confirmed by the high values of the correlation coefficient.
Rancangan Arsitektur Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Pondok Pesantren Berdasarkan Capability Maturity Model (CMM): Studi Kasus Penjualan dan Distribusi
Authors: Pratama Ikhwata Andy , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul , Aswad Aswad , Syifa Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Pondok pesantren adalah sebuah lembaga pendidikan islam yang mengajarkan serta mengamalkan ajaran islam didalamnya. Sebagai organisasi, pondok pesantren memerlukan suatu sistem informasi yang terpadu.  Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) adalah sebuah sistem informasi yang dapat membantu perusahaan atau organisasi mengintegrasikan proses bisnis dalam perusahaan. Analisis sistem menggunakan metode FAST untuk menganalisis kebutuhan sistem informasi pada pondok pesantren yang didalamnya terdapat proses bisnis dan dimodelkan dalam bentuk notasi Business Process Modelling & Notation (BPMN) berdasarkan tingkat kematangan pada Capability Maturity Model (CMM). Hasil akhir dalam penelitian ini berupa fitur sistem informasi dan BPMN yang berdasarkan CMM pada studi kasus penjualan dan distribusi dengan melihat key process pada masing-masing level CMM. Sehingga dapat menambah kualitas pondok pesantren.
Analisis dan Perancangan Software Pemetaan Struktur Organisasi dengan Model Proses Bisnis Menggunakan Kemiripan Makna Kata
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Dwitasari Febrina , Zahrona Laila , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul
Published: April 2021

Struktur organisasi menetapkan bagaimana tugas pekerjaan dibagi, dikelompokkan, dan dikoordinasikan secara formal. Model proses bisnis merupakan representasi dari fungsi-fungsi yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan bisnis seperti input, control, output dan source. Pada hakikatnya sebuah organisasi dan model proses bisnis yang ada memiliki keterkaitan didalamnya, salah satunya dengan memetakan kemiripan makna katanya. Untuk mendapatkan kemiripan makna kata penelitian disini menggunakan podok pesantren sebagai studi kasus untuk mendapatkan kemiripan makna kata yang diharapkan, kemudian menghitung persamaan makna kata  melalui job description pondok pesantren tersebut menggunakan perhitungan sentence similarity. Perhitungan sentence similarity bertujuan untuk menghitung nilai kemiripan secara keseluruhan dalam bentuk kalimat menjadi suatu kemiripan secara utuh. Perhitungan word similarity dihitung menggunakan Word Similarity for Java (WS4J) dengan pendekatan PATH dan TF-IDF. Dalam Penelitian ini, Pengaruh sentence similarity dalam job description kegiatan pendaftaran mahasantri yang dibandingkan hampir mirip, meskipun pada beberapa job description masih mempunyai nilai yang beda jauh untuk kemiripannya. Sehingga dihasilkannya kemiripan makna kata yang benar dari struktur organisasi berupa tupoksi yang ada dengan model proses bisnis yg dijalankan didalamnya.
Analisis dan Perancangan Software WordNet Bahasa Indonesia dengan Graph Database
Authors: Pamungkas Seta Murdha , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul , Matondang Kurnia Z. , Anggraini Asfilia N. , Fauzan Abd. Charis
Published: April 2021

Paper ini bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah WordNet dengan menggunakan database bermetode graph yang akan dirancang dengan tahap awal pengelompokan kata hingga tahap akhir yaitu  pengimplementasian dalam bentuk aplikasi siap pakai. Penelitian ini merancang aplikasi WordNet siap pakai yang mengimplementasikan database berbasis graph dengan menggunakan Metode Waterfall yang akan menjadi dasar alur dalam perancangan aplikasi. Uji coba dalam penelitian ini berupa: pemilahan kata, input kata ke dalam database, pemberian relasi antar kata, uji coba setiap kata dengan kata yang lain, dan implementasi database ke dalam sebuah aplikasi yang siap pakai. Pada penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah rancangan WordNet yang menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia dengan penggunaan database berbasis graph model sebagai tempat penyimpanan data. Rancangan WordNet tersebut lalu diimplementasikan ke dalam sebuah aplikasi yang siap pakai. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian didapatkan dari KBBI dan Tesaurus yang dapat diakses melalui media online. Data dikumpulkan secara berelasi hingga membentuk relasi Sinonim, Antonim, Imbuhan, dan Kata Dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan relasi yang spesifik untuk menghubungkan antar node, tetapi tidak menggunakannya untuk pencarian jarak antar node. Penelitian ini menggabungkan hasil dari penelitian perancangan WordNet dan perancangan database dengan metode graph hingga membentuk sebuah aplikasi siap pakai.
Effect of adding graded levels of lablab forages on fermentation characteristics of Brachiaria silage
Authors:   1Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 52, Lira, Uganda
Published: April 2021

Ensiling as a method of forage feed conservation is the most appropriate in conserving of crude protein (CP) enhanced forages for sustainable dairy production. This is attributed to the fact that with this method, protein dependent lactic acid bacteria (LAB) hydrolyze water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) into short chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) which are precursors for milk synthesis while the proteins buffers the excessive organic acids to produce more acetate and propionate. The study therefore aimed at assessing the quality of Brachiaria silage which was protein supplemented with graded levels of lablab forage. To achieve this objective, wilted Brachiaria forage (Brachiaria hybrid cv Mulato II) was collected, wilted and ensiled with and Lablab purpureus forages at inclusion levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% Lablab purpureus forage. The resultant 4 treatments were assessed in a completely randomized design in 3 replicates. All silages were prepared using plastic jar mini-silos to laboratory scale and then incubated at room temperature (±30°C) for 45 days. After the 45 days, chemical analysis for quantification of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), none protein nitrogen (NH3-N), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), pH, in-vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD), acetic acid, lactic acid and propionic acid composition were conducted. The results indicated that; none protein nitrogen, acetic acid and propionic acid composition decreased in quadratic trends with increasing legume forage inclusion to minimum values of 5.8, 48.0 and 0.7g/kg at 14.7, 1.8 and 6.0% inclusion levels of lablab forage, respectively. On the other hand, following a quadratic trend, WSC composition decreased with increase in lablab forage, with a maximum of 28.9g/kg obtained at 7.6% inclusion level of lablab forage. Generally, CP, dry matter, INVOMD and metabolizable energy of the silage increased with increase in the inclusion levels of lablab silage. Using regression equations of the response curves, NDF and ADF decreased with increasing legume forage inclusion to minimum values of 349.3 and 172.1g/kg at inclusion levels of 16.1 and 17.1%, respectively. On the other hand in-vitro organic matter digestibility increased with the increase in the lablab forage inclusion to a maximum of 49.4%. However, mineral composition of the silage was not affected by lablab forage inclusion. Since the quality of silage for dairy cows depends on short chain volatile fatty acid, fibre and crude protein composition, inclusion of lablab forage to Brachiaria hybrid cv mulato II silage at a rate of 17.1% potentially yields the best results in lactating cows.
ALTERNATİF YATIRIM ARAÇLARININ MENKUL KIYMETLER BORSASI İLE ETKİLEŞİMİ
Authors: KILIÇ Ethem , UÇAKTÜRK Mahmut
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, geleneksel alternatif yatırım araçlarının Borsa İstanbul’a etkisini tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla BIST100, Altın, Faiz ve Dolar değişkenlerinin 25.12.2009 – 30.03.2018 dönemine ait haftalık verileri kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkisi, Johansen eşbütünleşme testi ve Toda Yamamoto nedensellik testi yardımı ile araştırılmıştır. Eşbütünleşme analiz neticesinde değişkenlerin uzun dönemde eşbütünleşik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Nedensellik analiz neticesinde ise BIST100’den dolar ve faize doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu, altın ile BİST00 arasında ise herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir.
ÖRGÜTSEL ÖZDEŞLEŞME VE ÖRGÜTSEL SİNİZM ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ULUSAL YAZINDA BİR META-ANALİZ ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: AKSOY KÜRÜ Seval
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve örgütsel sinizm arasındaki
ilişkiyi ulusal yazında incelemiş olan bireysel çalışmaların toplam etki
büyüklüğünü meta-analize yöntemi yardımıyla tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla,
belirlenen anahtar kelimelerle bireysel çalışmalar taranarak 13 bireysel
çalışmadan elde edilen veriler (n=3341) Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA)
yazılım programında rastgele etki modeliyle test edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre,
örgütsel özdeşleşme ve örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişki düzeyini gösteren etki
büyüklüğünün orta düzeyde (EB=-0,301, p
2018-2019 EĞİTİM-ÖĞRETİM YILI SOSYAL BİLGİLER ZÜMRE TOPLANTI TUTANAKLARININ İNCELENMESİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ELÇİÇEĞİ Büşra , YILMAZ Kaya
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırma 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılı İstanbul ili ilköğretim
okullarının Sosyal Bilgiler zümre toplantı tutanaklarının incelenmesi ve
değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Nitel araştırmaya dayalı yürütülen bu
çalışmada doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada İstanbul ilinde 2018-
2019 eğitim-öğretim yılı 1 ve 2. Döneme ait 12 zümre toplantı tutanağı
karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Toplantılara 67’si erkek ve 44’ü kadın olmak
üzere toplam 107 Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmeni, 2 müdür ve 5 müdür yardımcısı
katılmıştır. Toplantı tutanaklarından oluşan veriler, içerik analizi yöntemi ile
çözümlenmiştir. Zümre toplantı tutanaklarında yer alan gündemi oluşturan
konular, öğretme-öğrenme süreci, ölçme ve değerlendirme, öğrencilerin
başarısını arttırmaya ve geleceğe yönelik alınan kararlar ile iş sağlığı ve
güvenliği ile ilgili kararlar analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, zümre toplantı
tutanaklarının gerçeklikten uzak bir anlayışla genellikle birbirinin kopyası
şeklinde hazırlandığı belirlenmiştir. Zümre toplantısı gündem maddelerinde
sadece bazı ufak değişikliklerin yapılması ve basmakalıp ifadelerin kullanılması,
toplantılarda değişen zamanın, okulların kendilerine özgü koşullarının ve öğrenci
ihtiyaçlarının yeterince dikkate alınmadığına işaret etmektedir. 1. dönem zümre
toplantı tutanaklarının sayfa sayısı, gündem maddesi ve alınan kararlar açısından daha ayrıntılı olduğu, 2. dönem zümre toplantı tutanaklarında ise çok fazla
ayrıntıya yer verilmediği tespit edilmiştir.
Modernity and interreligious dialogue. Difficulties posed by the ideological translation of religious categories
Authors: Corpas-Aguirre María A.
Published: April 2021

The relationship between Islam and Modernity is often explained in antagonistic terms. On the one hand, because Islam is a holistic system, where the political and religious spheres remain connected, resisting a modern definition of “religion”. On the other, because Modernity has been associated with the evolution of the liberal State and democracy, whose bases are deeply relativistic. Along these lines, we propose some arguments about the origin of this disagreement. To do this, we focus on the ideological reductionisms “religion” and “state” applied to the theological categories Dīn and dawla. The trace of this modern homologation can be traced through the historical connection of the West with the Islamic Arab world. Enlightened approaches and their ideal of progress found their best expression in reformist thinking. Since the 18th century, the solution to the problems derived from colonialism necessarily went through making the dogmatic foundations more flexible, injecting sceptical principles. The birth of this “political Islam” necessarily brought its “national” translation. The processes of construction of these states would feed the liberation movements, spreading for decades the deep wound of political violence and its export to the world. It is from this context that the Catholic Church has appealed to theological foundations as the only possible way to reverse the damage caused by geopolitics. Unfortunately, the states of opinion generated around this work divide, in the first place, Catholics. Throughout these pages, we will try to provide lines of reflection that add to our responsibility to generate a Christian conscience, open, reasonable and without interference, with respect to Islam.
The Drama of Hunting
Authors: Szalay Mátyás
Published: April 2021

In this short essay I demonstrate that the contemporary discussion on animal rights has some problematic presuppositions concerning the role of philosophy. I argue that what is necessary is not so much to resolve the alleged cultural dispute than to re-learn how to approach it contemplatively. A certain type of hunting can offer a highly dramatic and personally transformative encounter with the animal world through which we can consider our participatory relationship with nature. Thus, after a short methodological introduction, I identify the type of hunting that may allow for such an experience. After the dramatic aspect of hunting is described and analyzed, I explain how the encounter with the quarry illuminates man’s paradoxical place in nature and its subordination to humanity. I finish by phenomenologically describing what the gaze of the hunted animal communicates and how witnessing it restores the contemplative context in which an authentic human response might be given to nature.
Miss Predicting Readability of Health Educational Resources for Children Using Semantic Features
Authors: Liu Yanmeng
Published: April 2021

The success of health education resources largely depends on their readability, as the health information can only be understood and accepted by the target readers when the information is uttered with proper reading difficulty. Unlike other populations, children feature limited knowledge and underdeveloped reading comprehension, which poses more challenges for the readability research on health education resources. This research aims to explore the readability prediction of health education resources for children by using semantic features to develop machine learning algorithms. A data-driven method was applied in this research:1000 health education articles were collected from international health organization websites, and they were grouped into resources for kids and resources for non-kids according to their sources. Moreover, 73 semantic features were used to train five machine learning algorithms (decision tree, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors algorithm, ensemble classifier, and logistic regression). The results showed that the k-nearest neighbors algorithm and ensemble classifier outperformed in terms of area under the operating characteristic curve sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy and achieved good performance in predicting whether the readability of health education resources is suitable for children or not.
Voting System Based on Blockchain
Authors: Guo Zihan , He Xiang , Zou Peiyan
Published: April 2021

Online ballot box system has the advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection, but the existing network voting technology still has a lot of matter. Almost all electronic voting system could be proved to be intrusion. The administrator of the system could tamper with the data for benefit, and the system may be attacked by hackers. The safety and fairness of the existing network voting system depend entirely on the safety and credibility of the website itself, but these cannot guarantee the fairness of voting. Make full use of blockchain technology, so that voting, even if there are malicious participants, but also to ensure the correctness and safety of the vote. The introduction of block chain technology, block chain has decentralized, data tampering and other characteristics. P2P network is applied in the block chain layer to construct a distributed database, digital signature algorithm and encryption technology are used to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with, consensus network algorithm is used to ensure the consistency of the data in the network, and timestamp technology is applied to save the data blocks in a chain structure connected end to end. It paper focuses on the implementation of P2P network networking mode, node block synchronization, data and block verification mechanism and consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency in the network layer of block chain layer. Using time stamp, Merkle tree, asymmetric encryption and other technologies to design data blocks and use chain structure to store data blocks. Combined with the characteristics of blockchain, a fair and transparent voting system is constructed. Model aims to apply the block chain technology to the voting scenario and design a secure block chain voting architecture. It system is designed and developed based on the block chain system. It makes full use of its decentralization, removes the dependence of electronic voting on trusted third parties, and protects the privacy of voters and candidates. Data cannot be tampered with. Once the data are stored in the block chain, it cannot be tampered with. It provides a real and credible database.
El ejemplo y su antagonista
Arquitectura de la imitatio en la filosofía de Cicerón
Authors: Martínez Fernandez Iker
Published: April 2021

La comprensión de la idea de imitatio que Cicerón defiende en su obra desvela un pensamiento en diálogo con una tradición que el orador romano no deja de construir con fines políticos. De ahí que el estudio del Cicerón imitador nos proporcione un extraordinario ejemplo de esa necesidad que toda comunidad humana tiene de construir un relato integrador recurriendo a la memoria de los textos y de los hechos que favorecen la convivencia y de aquellos que la imposibilitan. La memoria de los primeros nos debe incitar a la imitación; la de los segundos, al rechazo.
The Framework for Comprehensive Forensic Study of Phaleristic Items
Authors: Bocharov G. G.
Published: April 2021

The article substantiates the need for a comprehensive forensic examination of phaleristic items – orders, medals, and other badges of distinction involved in the sphere of legal proceedings on criminal, civil, arbitration cases, and cases of administrative offenses. The article notes the features of forensic research of state awards of the RSFSR, the USSR, and the Russian Federation, which result from their specific legal status and normatively fixed manufacturing enterprises.The legitimacy of using the concept of “authenticity” in forensic experts’ conclusions concerning state awards and other subjects of phaleristics has been substantiated. The question of authenticity is crucial and, at the same time, one of the most challenging questions in the research of phaleristic items. Its solution requires assessing all the item’s basic properties and, in many cases, the study of a significant amount of reference and historical material.The features of the use of specialized knowledge of history, forensic traceology, forensic examination of materials, substances, and products, forensic merchandising examination, forensic technical examination of documents in the course of phaleristic objects’ forensic study are analyzed. The author provides methodological recommendations for determining the sequence of conducting various types of research, formulating conclusions based on the results of a comprehensive study, and drawing up expert opinions.
Expert Study of the Execution of the Terms of an Investment Life Insurance Contract
Authors: Abelev O. A. , Vinogradova M. M. , Nersesyan M. G.
Published: April 2021

A significant decrease in bank deposits’ profitability forces citizens to look for more profitable investment options, including purchasing various financial products. One such product is an investment life insurance contract. However, investors’ expectations are not always fully met since dealing with financial instruments, such as options, requires a certain of financial literacy, understanding of the futures stock market’s organization and functioning. Arising disputes are often resolved in court. To obtain answers to economical questions, a forensic examination is appointed and carried out.Forensic analysis on this topic has some features that are discussed in the article. The paper gives a list of objects for expert research and their brief characteristics. The main sources of reference information on quotations of financial instruments are provided. Some concepts and economic categories related to the stock market and derivatives are considered. The Russian and English terms used by the experts during the study are presented and explained.Using an example from expert practice, the authors explain the logic of the analysis of an option contract and show the sequence of actions that makes it possible to calculate the investment income amount. The article justifies the conditions that restrict the experts when carrying out calculations and should be taken into account when forming and studying the expert opinions.
The Disparity in State-Based Quality of Care Disciplinary Standards
Authors: Dickinson Judith
Published: April 2021

This article explores the fact that current state-based physician disciplinary statutes display a great lack of uniformity between states regarding the threshold standards used to determine when a physician can be disciplined for substandard patient care. Many states use a gross negligence standard to make the determination; others use a lower, ordinary negligence standard; and other states use both standards in the same statute. Among gross negligence states, there are many different statutory and case law definitions of “gross negligence” in use, adding to the lack of harmony. The lack of uniformity in state-based regulatory laws and standards is an issue in the national debate over the efficacy of state-based physician regulation. The true dimension of this multiplicity of disciplinary standards and definitions cannot accurately be assessed without a detailed study of how state medical boards actually interpret and apply these terms, and whether there is a resulting observable impact on how many physicians are disciplined from state to state for quality of care mistakes. However, even the appearance and perception that some states treat patient care more strictly than others may create regulatory issues that might require resolution through an effort to bring disciplinary negligence standards between the states into conformity with one another.
Neurology and Telemedicine: The Way Forward
Authors: Ray Partha S. , Surya Nirmal
Published: April 2021

Objective: During the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) times, we have all learned to appreciate the advantages of communicating with each other on the digital or virtual format. This included both social, commercial and professional settings. This was necessitated through the restrictions on direct physical contact mandated by the pandemic. Through innovations and adaptations, the practice of medicine has also changed with telemedicine, triggered by ‘necessity is the mother of invention’ concept being embraced by both patients and physicians. Neurology, traditionally seen as a complex speciality and the preserve of a couple of thousand practising neurologists in the country, has opened itself up to the telemedicine or tele-neurology format very easily in the anecdotal and a few pilot studies conducted globally and in India.
Design: Despite the initial misgivings and anticipation of patient reluctance to adopt this technology, the real-world experience has been, to the contrary, where both young and old patients have readily embraced the new medium and cooperated with the neurologists to improve their care, which would otherwise have been severely restricted in the COVID-19 times. The neurologists have also adapted to the new way of working to deliver optimum diagnosis and care plans.
Outcome measures: There have been technical glitches (in form of internet connectivity, smartphone hardware and software problems and lighting and camera angle and image stabilization issues to name a few), which have been reduced with practice and innovation. Feedback from neurologists, patients, and their carers via regular audits and questionnaires are being circulated, and practice parameters are being improved (IFNR survey- Ref 5). The contribution of national regulatory agencies, such as the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), and stakeholders, such as the Telemedicine Society of India (TSI), has been phenomenal to facilitate the tele-neurology practice and make it safe for all stakeholders.
Results: In a country of 1.37 billion population and only 2,500 accredited neurologists, there is a need for tele-neurology to be able to serve patients living in remote areas in mountains and coastal areas, and also in poorly connected areas on the plains. This becomes paramount for patients requiring specialised acute neurological care and to improve access, which now becomes a practical feasibility on the digital format to bring neurology to the doorsteps of the people.
Follow-up care of patients, epidemiological studies of various neurological chronic illnesses and their audit will become realities cutting down on costs and time to access quality neurological care using the digital format for 21st-century India.
Conclusions: Tele-neurology is no longer a vision, but a reality precipitated by the pandemic, the needs and aspirations of the Indian population, and the technological infrastructure India has achieved in the last 20 years.
Differential expression of alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide, ADH1A, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. ADH1A mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of ADH1A in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with luminal A and basal subtype cancers but in a contrary manner, demonstrating a complex relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. ADH1A may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Dinamika Merdeka Belajar dan Merdeka Olahraga Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Festiawan Rifqi
Published: April 2021

Pertama-tama marilah kita Panjatkan Puji dan Syukur Kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa, karena atas Kasih dan Rahmat-Nya buku Bunga Rampai dapat diselesaikan dengan sebaik-baiknya. Buku ini ditulis oleh para penulis dari berbagai institusi atau lembaga pendidikan yang berprofesi sebagai guru maupun dosen bidang keolahragaan yang tersebar di seluruh Nusantara dari Sabang sampai Merauke dan dari Miangas sampai ke Pulau Rote. Isi buku Bunga Rampai ini, semuanya mengungkap pengalaman empiris dari para penulis selama menjalankan profesi di sekolah maupun di kampus. Bidang keolahragaan secara garis besar diklasifikasi menjadi olahraga pendidikan, olahraga prestasi dan olahraga rekreasi sebagaimana amanah Undang-Undang RI No. 3 Tahun 2005 Tentang Sistem Keolahragaan Nasional.Pandemi Covid-19 yang belum berakhir hingga saatini di Indonesia menjadi tantangan tersendiri untukmenyiapkan generasi muda atau tunas bangsa menjadiSDM unggul. Untuk itu diperlukan percepatan ataupemikiran disrupsi dan upaya maksimal memberdayakan segala sumber daya yang tersedia, misalnya guru olahraga di sekolah, sangat diharapkan dapat mengelola fasilitas atau sarana dan prasarana belajar agar proses belajar dari dapat menyenangkan siswa. Proses belajar pendidikan olahraga harus didisain sedemikian rupa, menarik untuk diikuti atau didalami siswa. Proses belajar pendidikan olahraga secara daring ini berdasarkan pengakuan banyak siswa sangat membosankan, jenuh dan tidak ada motivasiyang tinggi untuk belajar secara mandiri guna mencapaian hasil belajar yang optimal. Proses belajar pendidikan olahraga yang monoton dan tidak menarik akan melengkapi kejenuhan atau kebosanan siswa untuk mau belajar dengan sungguh-sungguh. Kondisi belajar yang monoton tentu dapat menyebabkan siswa untuk belajar mandiri dan malas mengikuti pelajaran secara mandiri dengan baik. Kondisi belajar yang monoton, tidak menarik dan jangan dibiarkan dalam waktu relatif lama olehkarenaberdampak pada penurunan kualifikasi siswa dan sangat mungkin juga berimbas pada guru pendidikan olahraga. Upaya untuk mempertahankan kualitas pendidikan yang diukur dari tingkat capaian hasil belajar di tengah Pandemi Covid-19 tentu menjadi target dari para penulis Bunga Rampai ini yang dijabarkan dalam berbagai topik sebagaimana tututan kurikulum pendidikan olahraga di sekolah dimana ada tiga klasifikasi yang menjadi target hasil belajar yaitu domain kognitif (pengetahuan), psikomotor (keterampilan/skill) dan afektif (pembentukankharakter). Ketiga domain ini saling terkait untuk mewujudkan capaian hasil belajar. Secara garis besar ukuran yang dapat digunakan dari tiga domain tersebut adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan murid melalui apa yang dipelajari, meningkatnya penguasaan siswa akan keterampilan gerak dan/atau olahraga. Hal ini tidak luput dari pemikiran penulis untuk membahasnya sehingga buku Bunga Rampai menjadi menarik bagi setiap pembaca.
Laju Pertumbuhan dan Morfologi Koloni Jamur Akar Putih pada Tanaman Karet
Authors: Tjenemundan Delfince
Published: April 2021

Tanaman karet sangat rentan terhadap serangan penyakit jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus). Jamur akar putih ini dapat menyebabkan kematian pada tanaman karet sehingga serangan penyakit ini akan menyebabkan kerugian pada produksi kebun. Untuk dapat mengetahui karakter patogen jamur akar putih(Rigidoporus microporus) maka dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikarakterisasi jamur akar putih. Karakter yang diidentifikasi yaitu laju pertumbuhan dan morfologi koloni. Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai bulan April-Agustus 2016 di LaboratoriumCARC (Carotenoid Antioxidant Research Center) Magister Biologi UKSW Salatiga. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 12 isolat jamur Rigidoporus microporus. Semua sampel berasal dari perkebunan karet milik PTPN IX Kendal dan Pekalongan yang telah diisolasi. 12 isolat tersebut kemudian ditumbuhkan pada medium PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 12 jam dan 24 jam. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan masing-masing isolat bervariasi. Laju pertumbuhan tercepat berturut-turut yaitu BB6, BW5, MB4, MA3, KB1, KB2, MA2, KB3, MB5, MA1, KB4, dan BW7. Laju pertumbuhan koloni isolat BB6 (Blimbing) menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang tercepat. Dari hasil pengamatan, mula-mula hifa dari masing-masing isolat berwarna putih seperti kapas dan kasar, namun setelah beberapa hari menjadi lebih halus dan berwarna putih seperti wol.
在“马理”学科增设“自然辩证法”二级学科的论证
Authors: Liu Li
Published: April 2021

论证在”马理“一级学科下增设”自然辩证法“二级学科
Racial Equality Frames and Public Policy Support: Survey Experimental Evidence
Authors: English Micah , Kalla Joshua
Published: April 2021

How do racial attitudes shape policy preferences in the era of Black Lives Matter and increasingly liberal views on racial issues? A large body of research finds that highlighting the benefits of progressive policies for racial minorities undermines support for those policies. However, Democratic elites have started centering race in their messaging on progressive public policies. To explore this puzzle, in this paper we offer an empirical test that examines the effect of describing an ostensibly race-neutral progressive policy with racial framing, as used by Democratic elites, on support for that policy. To benchmark these effects, we compare a race policy frame with class, race and class, and neutral policy frames. We demonstrate that despite leftward shifts in public attitudes towards issues of racial equality, racial framing decreases support for race-neutral progressive policies. Generally, the class frame most successfully increases support for progressive policies across racial and political subgroups.
Reducing bias, increasing transparency, and calibrating confidence with preregistration
Authors: Hardwicke Tom Elis , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: April 2021

Flexibility in the design, analysis, and interpretation of scientific studies creates a multiplicity of possible research outcomes. Scientists are granted considerable latitude to selectively use and report the hypotheses, variables, and analyses, that create the most positive, coherent, and attractive story, whilst suppressing those that are negative or inconvenient. This creates a risk of bias that can lead to scientists fooling themselves and fooling others. Preregistration involves declaring a research plan (e.g., hypotheses, design, and statistical analyses) in a public registry before the research outcomes are known. Preregistration (1) reduces the risk of bias by encouraging outcome-independent decision-making; and (2) increases transparency, enabling others to assess the risk of bias and calibrate their confidence in research outcomes. In this article, we briefly review the historical evolution of preregistration in medicine, psychology, and other domains, clarify its pragmatic functions, discuss relevant meta-research, and provide recommendations for scientists and journal editors.
LPDynR: a new tool to calculate the Land Productivity Dynamics indicator
Authors: Rotllan-Puig Xavier , Ivits Eva , Cherlet Michael
Published: April 2021

As part of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 15 (Life on Land), the indicator 15.3.1 is adopted to measure the Land Degradation Neutrality. Land Degradation Neutrality is addressed as stable —or increasing— state in the amount and quality of land resources required to support ecosystem functions and services and enhance food security during a certain period of time. It is a binary indicator (i.e. degraded/not degraded), expressed as the proportion of land that is degraded over total land area within each land type, and is based on three sub-indicators: (1) Trends in Land Cover, (2) Land Productivity and (3) Carbon Stocks.The Land Productivity sub-indicator (LP) refers to the total above-ground Net Primary Production and reflects changes in health and productive capacity of the land. Declining trends interpreted with ancillary data such as e.g. information on non-adapted agricultural practices possibly combined with low income can be usually understood as land degradation. LP can be calculated using the Land Productivity Dynamics (LPD) approach, which is the methodological basis of the R-based tool LPDynR presented in this article. It uses vegetation-related indices (phenology and productivity) derived from time series of remote sensed vegetation indices to estimate ecosystem dynamics and change. The final result of the LPD indicator is a categorical map with 5 classes of land productivity dynamics, ranging from declining to increasing productivity. As an example of LPDynR functionalities, we present a case study for Europe.
Towards a view from within: The contribution of Francisco Varela to the study of consciousness
Authors: Lanfranco Renzo Carlo , Canales-Johnson Andrés , Lucero Boris , Vargas Esteban , Noreika Valdas
Published: April 2021

The contents of consciousness are complex and dynamic and are embedded in perception and cognition. The study of consciousness and subjective experience has been central to philosophy for centuries. However, despite its relevance for understanding cognition and behaviour, the empirical study of consciousness is relatively new, embroiled by the seemingly opposing subjective and objective sources of data. Francisco Varela (1946–2001) pioneered the empirical study of consciousness by developing novel, naturalised, and rich approaches in a non-reductive and comprehensive manner. In this article, we review the main conceptual distinctions and philosophical challenges of consciousness research and highlight the main contributions of Varela and his associates: the development of neurophenomenology as a methodological framework that builds a bridge between subjective and objective sources of data, and the discovery of gamma-band phase synchronisation as a neural marker of perceptual awareness. Finally, we describe the work of Varela on time consciousness, his philosophical approach, and the implementation of his neurophenomenological framework for its study by integrating subjective reports with neural measures.
Setworks: Networks of Complex Set Intersections
Authors: Savi Alexander Olof
Published: April 2021

Sets are a universal concept in science. Visualizations of sets and their intersections contribute to an understanding of the complex relations that they comprise. Setworks capitalize on networks and bring set visualizations the power to scale and visualize increasingly complex, hierarchical, relations.
Individual Differences in Disqualifying Monitoring Underlie False Memories Across Different Paradigms
Authors: Ball Hunter , Robison Matthew Kyle , Brewer Gene Arnold
Published: April 2021

The current study leveraged experimental and individual differences methodology to examine whether false memories across differing tasks arise from a common cause. Participants completed multiple false memory (DRM and memory conjunction), working memory (operation and reading span), and source monitoring (verbal and picture) tasks. Memory discriminability in the DRM and memory conjunction tasks loaded onto a single (general) factor and were unaffected by warnings provided at encoding. Consistent with previous research, source monitoring ability fully mediated the relation between working memory and false memories. Moreover, individuals with higher source monitoring ability were better able to recall contextual information from encoding to correctly reject lures. These results suggest that there are stable individual differences in false remembering across tasks. The commonality across tasks may be due, at least in part, to the ability to effectively use disqualifying monitoring processes.
Auditory tracking of multiple naturalistic moving objects
Authors: Oksama Lauri , Heikkilä Timo , Nummenmaa Lauri , Sams Mikko , Hyönä Jukka
Published: April 2021

Thirty participants tracked auditorily moving sound sources to estimate the capacity for multiple identity tracking by hearing. The participants sat blindfolded in a gym hall. Four assistants moved about semi-randomly in a circular area around the participant and constantly repeated a proper name. Two to four of the assistants were designated as the targets. The participants were to keep track of the designated targets during the 10-sec movement phase. After the movement stopped, one target was probed and the participant provided the name of the probed target. Auditory tracking capacity was estimated to be 1.5 items, which is half the size of the visual tracking capacity. It is suggested that the limited capacity for auditory tracking is related to the difficulty in refreshing what-where -bindings in the auditory modality.
The wrong horse was bet on – The Effects of Argument Structure versus Argument Adjacency on the Processing of Idiomatic Sentences
Authors: Reimer Laura , Smolka Eva
Published: April 2021

Psycholinguistc research remains puzzled by the question under what circurmstances syntactically transformed idioms keep their figurative meaning. In this study we examined the effects of verb argument structure and argument adjacency on the processing of idiomatic and literal sentences in German. In two sentence-completion experiments, participants listened to idiomatic and literal sentences, both in active and passive voice, without the sentence-final verb. They indicated via button-press, which of three visually presented verbs best completed the sentence.In both experiments, idiomatic sentences were processed faster than literal ones, and active sentences faster than passive ones. In passivized sentences, the patterns of argument structure and argument adjacency reversed across experiments: In Experiment 1, sentences with ditransitive verbs were processed faster than sentences with transitive verbs, and vice versa in Experiment 2. This pattern corresponds to faster processing of adjacent than of nonadjacent arguments and thus points to the dominating role of argument adjacency rather than argumentstructure in the processing of passivized sentences. With respect to idiom processing, we conclude that the adjacency of the verb and its arguments determines whether passivized idioms keep their figurative meaning.
STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN PTERIDOPHYTA TERESTRIAL DI KAWASAN HUTAN GUNUNG TANGGAMUS
Authors: Rahmawati Selvira
Published: April 2021

Indonesia mempunyai banyak pegunungan, salah satunya yaitu gunung Tanggamus yang merupakan gunung tertinggi kedua setelah gunung Pesagi dengan ketinggian 2.102 mdpl. Menurut LIPI yang telah melakukan eksplorasi di dapat beberapa tumbuhan paku hanya saja belum diketahui jumlahnya dan kurangnya data mengenai tumbuhan paku yang spesifik serta terjadinya perluasan lahan hutan untuk dijadikan lahan perkebunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tumbuhan paku terestrial terutama pada kelas filicinae di gunung Tanggamus. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode purpose sampling dengan menggunakana metode petak tunggal/plot. Populasi yang digunakan yaitu tumbuhan paku terestrial yang ada di gunung Tangamus. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah tumbuhan paku terestrial pada kelas filicinae. Analisis data dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 10 spesies tumbuhan paku terrestrial filicinae yaitu Diplazium sp., Diplazium crenato-serratum, Diplazium dilatatum, Adiantum sp., Pteridium aquilinum, Gleichenia dicarpa, Oleandra musifolia, Diplazium subserratum, Aspidium podophyllum, Dipteris conjugata. Terdiri dari 6 famili yaitu Athyriaceae, Adiantaceae, Dennastiadeaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Oleandraceae, Dipteridaceae.
Transformacje i ich dominanty – między dynamiką i strukturą procesualności
Authors: Witkowski Lech
Published: April 2021

W tekście metapedagogiczne konteksty transformacyjne w przestrzeniach działań i losów ludzkich omówiono z wykorzystaniem hermeneutyki, refleksji krytycznej, psychoanalizy, antropologii i projektu „humanistyki stosowanej”. Poruszono następujące problemy: 1) przemieszczanie dominanty wśród czynników w procesach i praktykach zawodowych, takich jak: dialog, racjonalność działań, rozumienie tradycji, wolności, zmiany, ideału przestrzeni działania; 2) transwersalność, dwoistość strukturalna i oscylacje wokół dylematów działania i dominant w rozwoju psychospołecznym; 3) pułapki, ograniczenia i luki w tradycyjnych ujęciach relacji między czynnikami w transformacji tożsamościowej człowieka, gubiące nieciągłości i napięcia wewnętrzne; 4) przełom antypozytywistyczny w rozumiejącym wyjaśnianiu procesów oraz troisty „efekt wybuchowy” w transformacjach reprezentacji emocjonalno-poznawczej podmiotów działających, w tym ich autotransformacji i przymierza interakcyjnego w działaniu; 5) inne ujęcia wskazanej konceptualizacji.
Wadliwa praktyka w zakresie doręczania postanowień prokuratorskich o zatwierdzeniu zatrzymania rzeczy i przeszukania. Uwagi de lege lata i postulaty de lege ferenda
Authors: Boch Błażej
Published: April 2021

In the presented article, the author analyzes practical issues related to the service of process of the public prosecutor’s decisions related to the search and seizure during the course of the preparatory proceedings. The first part of the paper discusses the search and seizure regulations in urgent cases. In the course of further deliberations, the focus is on search and seizure regulations, obligation on the service of public prosecutor’s decisions and opportunity of its appealing. The author points out that this practice is wrong and suggest what the optimal solution should look like, even without legislative changes, but with the right interpretation of the current regulations. All the considerations lead him to present his own final conclusions and de lege ferenda postulates.
La vaccination contre la COVID-19 : pourquoi allonger l’intervalle entre les doses?
Authors: Quach Caroline , Deeks Shelley
Published: April 2021

Le 3 mars 2021, devant la morbidité et la mortalité continues causées par la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) et l’offre insuffisante de vaccins autorisés et disponibles contre la COVID-19 au Canada, le Comité consultatif national de l’immunisation a publié une forte recommandation préconisant un intervalle prolongé entre les doses des vaccins, afin d’optimiser le nombre de personnes protégées le plus rapidement possible. La recommandation du comité, qui a pris la forme d’une réponse rapide en raison de l’urgence de la situation, repose sur l’examen des données probantes, les principes immunologiques, l’expérience des vaccins, les études de modélisation et les principes d’éthique, d’équité, de faisabilité et d’acceptabilité. De nombreuses questions et inquiétudes ont été soulevées depuis. Le présent article vise à mieux expliquer les motifs de cette recommandation et à fournir aux dispensateurs de soins l’information dont ils ont besoin pour soutenir leurs patients pendant le déploiement de la vaccination.