bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Punicalagin and (–)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Rescue Cell Viability and Attenuate Inflammatory Responses of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter PM10
Authors: Seok Jin Kyung , Lee Jeong-won , Kim Young Mi , Boo Yong Chool
Published: March 2018

Background/Aims: Airborne particulate matter with a diameter of < 10 µm (PM10) causes oxidative damage, inflammation, and premature skin aging. In this study, we evaluated whether polyphenolic antioxidants attenuate the inflammatory responses of PM10-exposed keratinocytes. Methods: Primary human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed in vitro to PM10 in the absence or presence of punicalagin and (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which are the major polyphenolic antioxidants found in pomegranate and green tea, respectively. Assays were performed to determine cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of NADPH oxidases (NOX), proinflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1. Results: PM10 decreased cell viability and increased ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. It also increased the expression levels of NOX-1, NOX-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-1. Punicalagin was not cytotoxic up to 300 μM, and (–)-EGCG was cytotoxic above 30 μM, respectively. Further, punicalagin (3–30 μM) and EGCG (3–10 μM) rescued the viability of PM10-exposed cells. They also attenuated ROS production and the expression of NOX-1, NOX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-1 stimulated by PM10. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that polyphenolic antioxidants, such as punicalagin and (–)-EGCG, rescue keratinocyte viability and attenuate the inflammatory responses of these cells due to airborne particles.
Does Complement Have a Role in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata?
Authors: Juhász Margit L.W. , Atanaskova Mesinkovska Natasha
Published: March 2018

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder in which immune attack of the anagen follicle causes hair loss in approximately 2% of the population. Although the pathogenesis of AA has not been fully determined, most likely it is mediated by a variety of factors including cellular/humoral immunity and genetic predisposition. Researchers have been interested in the possible role of the complement pathway in AA since the 1970s. Given recent evidence suggesting that complement plays a role in many immunologic and inflammatory dermatologic diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous diseases, angioedema, lipodystrophy, and skin infections, it is likely that complement also contributes to AA pathogenesis. Although early serum studies and immunohistochemical staining have been unimpressive, recent genetics studies may provide evidence that complement does indeed contribute to AA. By determining if complement plays a role in AA, options for novel targeted treatments will become available for those patients with refractory disease.
Occipital Condyle Fracture Extending to the Inferior Part of the Clivus
Authors: Ucler Necati , Yucetas Seyho Cem
Published: March 2018

Although rarely reported in the literature, serious occipital and condylar fractures have been diagnosed more often with the widespread use of computed cranial tomography in traumas. In this paper, a 16-year-old female with a left occipital fracture extending from the left occipital condyle anterior of the hypoglossal canal to the inferior part of the clivus is presented. The fracture which had caused a neurological deficit was cured with conservative treatment. For delayed hypoglossal nerve paralysis due to swelling within the canal, methylprednisolone was started, and a complete cure was attained in about 10 days. Traumatic damage of bony structures of the condyle and clivus at the junction of many vital nerves, vessels, and ligaments may lead to traumatic deficit and death.
Wheel Spokes Technique for Endothelial Keratoplasty for Extremely Mydriatic Bullous Keratopathy Eyes without Capsular Support
Authors: Tanaka Hidenori , Hirano Koji , Horiguchi Masayuki
Published: March 2018

We describe a new technique to prevent an endothelial donor graft from dropping into the vitreous cavity during non-Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (nDSAEK) for extremely mydriatic bullous keratopathy (BK) eyes without capsular support. The patient was a 79-year-old woman who underwent nDSAEK for an extremely mydriatic BK eye with an incomplete barrier between the anterior and posterior chambers. She had undergone argon laser iridotomy for acute glaucoma at the age of 59 years and cataract surgery 3 years later. The pupil was extremely mydriatic as a result of iris sphincter muscle damage associated with an acute glaucoma attack and cataract surgery. After cataract surgery, the dislocated intraocular lens (IOL) sometimes touched the corneal endothelium. Despite simultaneous surgery to remove the dislocated IOL and lens capsule, vitrectomy, and intrascleral IOL fixation, her corneal endothelial decompensation progressed to BK. During nDSAEK, three 9-0 Prolene suture threads were placed through the recipient’s cornea, limbus-to-limbus, resembling wheel spokes, to prevent the graft from dropping into the vitreous cavity. With the aid of these pre-placed sutures, the graft was inserted safely and was well attached to the host’s posterior cornea by air tamponade without suturing. The wheel spokes technique prevented the endothelial graft from dropping during intraoperative manipulation, suggesting that nDSAEK is possible even in an extremely mydriatic aphakic BK eye without capsule support.
Rapid and Complete Remission of Class IV Lupus Nephritis with Massive Wire Loop Lesions
Authors: Suzuki Tomo , Matsumura Ryutaro , Kitamura Hiroshi , Shibagaki Yugo
Published: March 2018

Class IV lupus nephritis (LN) often has a poorer prognosis than other classes. However, class IV LN has various phenotypes, including not only segmental and global types but also others. We present the case of a 29-year-old woman with class IV-G LN who had an early response to glucocorticoid monotherapy. In addition, multiple lung nodules such as miliary tuberculosis (TB) were detected on computed tomography. All cultures of sputum, gastric fluid, and bone marrow were negative. A kidney biopsy revealed diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with marked subendothelial deposition. Electron microscopy revealed massive electron-dense deposits in the subendothelial area, mesangium area, and peritubular capillaries. The histological diagnosis was class IV-G (A) LN. We administered high-dose glucocorticoid monotherapy. After treatment, the LN and the lung lesions had complete, rapid remission for 1 month. The lung lesions were associated with an immune complex similar to wire loop lesions, not TB. Thus, it is important to consider class IV-G LN with massive wire loop lesions as a new subtype.
The Research Cycle: Improving Care and Outcomes for Newborn Infants
Authors: McGuire William , Halliday Henry L.
Published: March 2018

Ensuring that policies and practice in perinatal care are informed by evidence from high-quality research is fundamental to improving outcomes for newborn infants and their families. Effective interventions in the perinatal period can have a life-long impact disproportionate to their costs. Many of the major advances in care that have transformed outcomes for preterm and sick newborn infants have been informed by empirical and applied health research. Conversely, there are examples of life-long adverse consequences for infants and families that are a legacy of practices based on poor-quality evidence. The challenge in the 21st century is to maintain the trajectory of improvements in care and outcomes. This will most likely be achieved via marginal gains from new or improved care practices underpinned by a range of research approaches, from preclinical and laboratory-based empirical studies that uncover pathogenic pathways or therapeutic mechanisms, to large-scale, applied research such as multicentre, randomised controlled trials. This will involve the coordination and collaboration of research efforts globally. Strategies to develop and prioritise research questions need to involve parents and families. Given the context in which much perinatal research is conducted, particularly in emergency situations around the time of birth, robust and transparent ethics and governance frameworks are essential to maintain the trust and engagement of communities. An ethical imperative exists to ensure that research output is disseminated effectively, and that effective and cost-effective interventions are implemented and integrated within a cycle that audits and benchmarks good practice and outcomes, and informs research evidence-based continuous quality improvement. This is the first in a series of articles on research methodology in neonatal medicine to be published in Neonatology, in response to a request from trainee researchers. We introduce the series by describing the research cycle, in particular how it is applied in neonatal medicine. Subsequent articles will cover translational research, clinical trials, diagnostic tests, global challenges, and the ethical issues relating to neonatal/perinatal research.
Psychosocial-Stress, Liver Regeneration and Weight Gain: a Conspicuous Pathophysiological Triad
Authors: Ishtiaq Syeda Momna , Khan Junaid Ali , Arshad Muhammad Imran
Published: March 2018

Psychosocial stress alters several physiological parameters resulting in multiple disorders, particularly compromising the immune system thereby provoking various diseases including liver disorders. However, the plausible underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent literature provides mechanistic evidences of detrimental effects of psychosocial stress on physiology of different body organs including liver. The data of stress-induced pathophysiological changes in liver functions and obesity were systematically collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Web of Science Databases published in English. Stress and glucocorticoids (GCs) control food intake and energy expenditure through appetite stimulators neuropeptide Y (NYP) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in hypothalamus. Principle effectors of the activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to psychosocial stress are proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and GCs. Stress-induced GCs hyper-secretion triggers glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent transcriptional factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), which interferes TNFα-IL6 and keap1-Nrf2 pathways in liver regeneration and obesity through fine-tuning of TNFα, IL6 and Nrf2 signaling. In this review, it is contrived upon existing evidence to put forward a model whereby exposure to life-stress has a prominent impact over weight gain and can alter the regenerative mode of a damaged liver through Keap1-Nrf2 and TNFa-IL6 pathways.
Defective Circulating Regulatory B Cells in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jiao Jiao , Lu Yu-Zhi , Xia Ni , Wang Yi-Qiu , Tang Ting-Ting , Nie Shao-Fang , Lv Bing-Jie , Wang Ke-Jing , Wen Shuang , Li Jing-Yong , Zhou Xing-Di , Liao Yu-Hua , Cheng Xiang
Published: March 2018

Background/Aims: Newly identified IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been shown to play an important role in the suppression of immune responses. Chronic immune activation participates in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) but whether Bregs are involved in its development remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the circulating frequency and function of Bregs in DCM. Methods: In total, 35 DCM patients (20 men and 15 women) and 44 healthy controls (23 men and 21 women) were included in the experiment, and the frequency of Bregs was detected using flow cytometry. Results: According to our results, the frequency of circulating IL-10-producing Bregs was significantly lower in DCM patients compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the CD24hiCD27+ B cell subset in which IL-10-producing Bregs were mainly enriched from DCM patients showed impaired IL-10 expression and a decreased ability to suppress the TNF-α production of CD4+CD25- Tconv cells and to maintain Tregs differentiation. Correlation analysis showed that the frequency of IL-10-producing Bregs and the suppressive function of CD24hiCD27+ B cells were positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction and negatively correlated with NT-proBNP in DCM patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, the reduced frequency and impaired functions suggest a potential role of Bregs in the development of DCM.
Аналіз методів оцінки та впливу полірованості композитних матеріалів на функціональний прогноз реставрацій
Authors: Kostenko S. B. , Hangur I. Y. , Sorokopud I. V. , Goncharuk-Khomyn M. Y. , Nakashidze G. N.
Published: March 2018

Summary. Among the proposed USPHS criteria approved by FDI, the level of gloss and polishing of restorations plays a key role in preventing not only such complications  as disocorporations or changes in their texture in the future, but also preventing secondary caries and sealing disintegration, since areas with high roughness play the role of retention points for the accumulation of bacterial plaque and the further progression of the above-described complications.The aim of the study – to analyze the methods for assessing the quality of polishing composite restorations and to determine the role of influence roughness factor of their surface on the prediction of their functioning and change of color stability parameters, formation of biofilm and shine.Materials and Methods. Search of publications related to the topic of this analysis was conducted by the Google Scholar search engine by the keywords "roughness", "polishing", "composite restorations" and their analogues in English. The depth of search, taking into account the age of key articles, determined by the level of their citation in later periodicals, did not exceed 15 years. In order to organize the received data, Microsoft Excel 2016 (Microsoft Office) table editor was used to group  pre-selected articles based on the results of the provided content analysis.Results and Discussion. In the course of the analysis, it was established that the basic laboratory methods for assessing the roughness of the restoration surface, as an indicator of the quality of polishing, are atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and profilometry. Most often, in order to verify the aforementioned parameter in the analyzed studies, the Ra value of mean arithmetic deviation of the profile was used, on the basis of which analysis it was possible to determine the dependence of the possibilities for achieving the corresponding level of restoration polishing on the structure of the composite material used, the system and phases of polishing, and the tribological nature of the interaction of the polishing system and the surface of the restoration.Conclusions. The results of the analysis show that the data obtained in the course of previous clinical and laboratory studies dedicated to the effect of polishing on various restoration parameters are debatable and a more specific systematization is required, with the selection of the investigated aspects of brightness, roughness, color stability and functional prediction changes due to the polishing method in separate independent subjects for research, with further phased combination of them after obtaining unambiguous numerical data, subjected to appropriate objective interpretation.
Вплив хемо-механічної обробки кореневого каналу на мікротвердість дентину
Authors: Sydorak Kh. T.
Published: March 2018

Summary. Dentin and enamel microhardness is one of the main characteristics when studying mechanical qualities of the tooth and chewing function, and serves as an indicator of hard tissue functional stability and strength. Irrigating and shaping of root canal during the endodontic treatment, cause changes of dentin properties and are the main reasons of tooth cracks and vertical root fractures.The aim of the study – to check the dentin mechanical properties, namely microhardness, after using the improved irrigation protocol during the root canal chemo-mechanical treatment.Materials and Methods. This comparative study researches the changes of root-dentin microhardness before and after the root canal chemo-mechanical treatment using the improved irrigation protocol. Study was performed with a Vickers Hardness Tester. Totally 48 specimens were divided into 4 groups (n=12): 1) vital teeth; 2) necrotic teeth; 3) previously treated teeth obturated with gutta-percha; 4) previously treated teeth obturated with resorcinol-formaldehyde. In each group 6 specimens were tested before and 6 after the root canal treatment. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using statistical hypothesis testing method based on the comparison of the distribution by Student.Results and Discussion. The average data of root dentin microhardness before and after root canal chemo-mechanical treatment using the improved irrigation protocol were determined. Under the conditions of the current study, in all groups, no negative effect when continuously using alternation of irrigants during the chemo-mechanical treatment was found, although root dentin microhardness was reduced. Data outcome showed root dentin microhardness changes in permissible limits and doesn’t contradict with previous studies.Conclusions.  Alternating the use of 6 % NaOCl and 17 % EDTA with Sodium Thiosulfate in between during chemo-mechanical treatment reduces root dentin microhardness in permissible limits and doesn’t have harmless effect on tooth.
Chronic Intake of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Fluoxetine Enhances Atherosclerosis
Authors: Rami Martina , Guillamat-Prats Raquel , Rinne Petteri , Salvermoser Melanie , Ring Larisa , Bianchini Mariaelvy , Blanchet Xavier , Megens Remco T.A. , Döring Yvonne , Walzog Barbara , Soehnlein Oliver , Weber Christian , Faussner Alexander , Steffens Sabine
Published: March 2018

Objective—

Cardiovascular diseases and depression are the leading causes of disability in Western countries. Clinical data on potential cardiovascular effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most commonly used antidepressant drugs, are controversial. In addition to blocking serotonin reuptake transporter in the brain, SSRIs deplete the major peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) storage by inhibiting serotonin reuptake transporter–mediated uptake in platelets. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic SSRI intake on the development of atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

Treatment of apolipoprotein E–deficient mice with the SSRI fluoxetine for 2, 4, or 16 weeks increased atherosclerotic lesion formation, with most pronounced effect during early plaque development. Intravital microscopy of carotid arteries revealed enhanced myeloid cell adhesion on fluoxetine treatment. Mechanistically, we found that fluoxetine augmented vascular permeability and increased chemokine-induced integrin-binding activity of circulating leukocytes. In vitro stimulation of murine blood demonstrated that fluoxetine, but not 5-HT, could directly promote β1 and β2 integrin activation provided C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 was also present. Similar effects were observed with the SSRI escitalopram. Enhanced C-C motif chemokine ligand 5–induced integrin activation by fluoxetine was also confirmed in a human neutrophil-like cell line. In contrast to the proatherogenic properties of fluoxetine, pharmacological inhibition of the peripheral 5-HT synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 did not promote atherosclerosis, suggesting that the proatherogenic effect of fluoxetine occurs independent of peripheral 5-HT depletion.

Conclusions—

SSRI intake may promote atherosclerosis and therefore potentially increase the risk for acute cardiovascular events by a mechanism that is independent of 5-HT depletion.
Parvins Are Required for Endothelial Cell–Cell Junctions and Cell Polarity During Embryonic Blood Vessel Formation
Authors: Pitter Bettina , Werner Ann-Cathrin , Montanez Eloi
Published: March 2018

Objective—

During vascular development, integrin-mediated signaling regulates the formation and stabilization of cell–cell junctions, which are required for endothelial cell (EC) apical–basal polarity and proper deposition of the vascular basement membrane. Parvins are actin-binding proteins that facilitate the interaction of integrins with the actin cytoskeleton. The endothelium expresses 2 parvin isoforms: α-pv (α-parvin) and β-pv (β-parvin). Recently, we have shown that α-pv is critical for vessel growth and vessel stability at late embryonic developmental stages. The role of parvins during early embryonic development is unknown.

Approach and Results—

To investigate the role of endothelial parvins in the developing vasculature, we generated mice with ECs lacking both parvin isoforms by deleting α-pv in ECs in global β-pv
−/−
mice (α-pv
ΔEC
;β-pv
−/−
mice). Here, we show that α-pv
ΔEC
;β-pv
−/−
mice die around embryonic day 11.5 and exhibit hemorrhages, immature capillary beds, and severe vascular defects in the central nervous system, including reduced vessel branching, increased vessel diameter, and balloon-like hemorrhagic clusters of ECs. Vessels in α-pv
ΔEC
;β-pv
−/−
embryos display disorganized cell–cell junctions, impaired endothelial apical–basal polarity, and discontinuous basement membranes. These vascular defects are accompanied by defective pericyte–vessel interaction.

Conclusions—

Our results show that parvins are critical for the organization of endothelial cell–cell junctions, the establishment of endothelial apical–basal polarity, and the integrity of the basement membrane.
Long-Term Morphological Changes of Symptomatic Lacunar Infarcts and Surrounding White Matter on Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Loos Caroline M.J. , Makin Stephen D.J. , Staals Julie , Dennis Martin S. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Wardlaw Joanna M.
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—

Insights into evolution of cerebral small vessel disease on neuroimaging might advance knowledge of the natural disease course. Data on evolution of sporadic symptomatic lacunar infarcts are limited. We investigated long-term changes of symptomatic lacunar infarcts and surrounding white matter on structural magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods—

From 2 nonoverlapping, single-center, prospective observational stroke studies, we selected patients presenting with lacunar stroke symptoms with a recent small subcortical (lacunar) infarct on baseline structural magnetic resonance imaging and with follow-up magnetic resonance imaging available at 1 to 5 years. We assessed changes in imaging characteristics of symptomatic lacunar infarcts and surrounding white matter.

Results—

We included 79 patients of whom 32 (41%) had complete and 40 (51%) had partial cavitation of the index lesion at median follow-up of 403 (range, 315–1781) days. In 42 of 79 (53%) patients, we observed a new white matter hyperintensity adjacent to the index infarct, either superior (white matter hyperintensity cap, n=17), inferior (white matter hyperintensity track, n=13), or both (n=12).

Conclusions—

Half of the sporadic symptomatic lacunar infarcts developed secondary changes in superior and inferior white matter. These white matter hyperintensity caps and tracks may reflect another aspect of cerebral small vessel-related disease progression. The clinical and prognostic values remain to be determined.
An Interneuron Circuit Reproducing Essential Spectral Features of Field Potentials
Authors: Maex Reinoud
Published: March 2018

Recent advances in engineering and signal processing have renewed the interest in invasive and surface brain recordings, yet many features of cortical field potentials remain incompletely understood. In the computational study that follows, we show that a model circuit of interneurons, coupled via both GABAA receptor synapses and electrical synapses, reproduces many essential features of the power spectrum of local field potential (LFP) recordings, such as 1/ f power scaling at low frequency (below 10 Hz), power accumulation in the γ-frequency band (30–100 Hz), and a robust α rhythm in the absence of stimulation. The low-frequency 1/ f power scaling depends on strong reciprocal inhibition, whereas the α rhythm is generated by electrical coupling of intrinsically active neurons. As in previous studies, the γ power arises through the amplification of single-neuron spectral properties, owing to the refractory period, by parameters that favor neuronal synchrony, such as delayed inhibition. This study also confirms that both synaptic and voltage-gated membrane currents contribute substantially to the LFP and that high-frequency signals such as action potentials quickly taper off with distance. Given the ubiquity of electrically coupled interneuron circuits in the mammalian brain, they may be major determinants of the recorded potentials.
Deep Semisupervised Zero-Shot Learning with Maximum Mean Discrepancy
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Liu Jun , Luo Minnan , Chang Xiaojun , Zheng Qinghua
Published: March 2018

Due to the difficulty of collecting labeled images for hundreds of thousands of visual categories, zero-shot learning, where unseen categories do not have any labeled images in training stage, has attracted more attention. In the past, many studies focused on transferring knowledge from seen to unseen categories by projecting all category labels into a semantic space. However, the label embeddings could not adequately express the semantics of categories. Furthermore, the common semantics of seen and unseen instances cannot be captured accurately because the distribution of these instances may be quite different. For these issues, we propose a novel deep semisupervised method by jointly considering the heterogeneity gap between different modalities and the correlation among unimodal instances. This method replaces the original labels with the corresponding textual descriptions to better capture the category semantics. This method also overcomes the problem of distribution difference by minimizing the maximum mean discrepancy between seen and unseen instance distributions. Extensive experimental results on two benchmark data sets, CU200-Birds and Oxford Flowers-102, indicate that our method achieves significant improvements over previous methods.
Tillandsia uruguayensis (Tillandsioideae, Bromeliaceae), a new epilithic species from Uruguay
Authors: ROSSADO ANDRÉS J. , DONADÍO SABINA , BONIFACINO JOSÉ M.
Published: March 2018

Tillandsia uruguayensis (Bromeliaceae), a new xeromorphic and epilithic species from northern Uruguay, is described. The species belongs to the subgenus Aerobia and is morphologically related to T. lorentziana. This work provides a detailed morphological description, as well as information on distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status. Additionally, the main differences between T. uruguayensis and other morphologically similar species are discussed. Illustrations, images and a distribution map are supplied.
Silene goksuensis (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from south Turkey
Authors: BUDAK ÜMIT , KOÇ MURAT , HAMZAOĞLU ERGIN
Published: March 2018

A new species—Silene goksuensis—was described from Ermenek (Turkey, Karaman province) where it grows on rock crevices. As a result of examining the literature and herbarium specimens, It was found that the collected new species is morphologically related to S. longipetala from which it differs from in having glabrescent to very sparsely pilose below (short retrorsely pubescent below in S. longipetata), the basal leaves oblanceolate-spathulate (not obovate or oblanceolate) Description, distribution, conservation status, and original photos of the new species are given.
Checklist of species of Stratiodrilus Haswell, 1900 (Annelida: Histriobdellidae), and new host records from Southern Brazil
Authors: DA SILVA ROSA JHEIMISON JUNIOR , MARÇAL INGRID COSTA , TEIXEIRA GUSTAVO MONTEIRO , AGUIAR ALINE
Published: March 2018

Species of Stratiodrilus are ectocommensals of freshwater decapod crustaceans, and the genus is also the most speciose within the family Histriobdellidae. However, a global review of the species of Stratiodrilus and their hosts has not been performed in nearly two decades. Based new field collections in Brazil and a literature search, we present a list of Stratiodrilus species and their hosts. We searched for host and occurrence records in papers of species descriptions, review papers and specialized databases. Forty-one host records were summarized worldwide. All host taxa were freshwater decapod crustaceans belonging to Aegla, Astacoides, Astacopsis, Cherax, Parastacus, Samastacus, and Trichodactylus. In addition, we report four new host records for Stratiodrilus circensis, and found Aegla lata as the northernmost host record for this polychaete species. Stratiodrilus circensis also had the largest number of different host species. The greatest species richness of Stratiodrilus is found in the Neotropical region, although members of this genus are also found in Australia and Madagascar associated with crayfishes. Aegla was the most reported host genus associated with species of Stratiodrilus. We provide an updated list to the known species of Stratiodrilus and also discuss the distribution of these histriobdellids.
Primary hypotheses of global areas of endemism based on the distribution of Tabanomorpha (Diptera, Brachycera)
Authors: KLASSA BRUNA , SANTOS CHARLES MORPHY D.
Published: March 2018

Areas of endemism, or worthy for conservation, are mainly determined based on large data sets of vertebrates and plants. Herein, we investigated the global distribution at the species-level of the infraorder Tabanomorpha (Diptera, Brachycera), identifying areas of endemism for the group. We performed an endemicity analysis through a grid-based method—NDM/VNDM—using 1,385 species (6,392 geographical records) of Tabanomorpha. The grid size of the analysis was 7º and we applied the loose consensus rule (31%) in the recovered areas. Our results revealed 479 total areas of endemism and 18 consensus areas: the whole Neotropical region, six areas in the Nearctic region, two in the Palearctic region, and three areas in each the Oriental, Australian, and African regions. There are parallels among our results and previously proposed bioregionalisation schemes established by other taxa, showing a way forward for using insects to determine global patterns of endemism.
A large marine Caribbean mushroom field: description of Eudistoma amanitum sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Polycitoridae)
Authors: PAIVA SANDRA VIEIRA , DA ROCHA ROSANA MOREIRA
Published: March 2018

Numerous colonies of Eudistoma amanitum sp. nov. have been collected in Caribbean waters. The colonies resemble the groups of mushrooms from the Amanita genus and there are different color morphs. The discussion includes comparison with other species with similar shape.
New species of Chnoodes Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from French Guiana
Authors: KRÜGER THAYSA C. , CHURATA JULISSA S. , CASTRO-GUEDES CAMILA F. , ALMEIDA LÚCIA M.
Published: March 2018

Chnoodes Chevrolat, 1849 currently has 32 species described in South and Central America, with only one species, Chnoodes centralis Sicard, 1912 described from French Guiana. Here, C. centralis is redescribed and five new species are described: C. brulei sp. nov. (holotype male: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux), C. rubra sp. nov. (holotype male: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux), C. cerasus sp. nov. (holotype male: Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux), C. tristis sp. nov. (holotype male: Commune de Kourou, Savane des Pères) and C. melanus sp. nov. (holotype male: Commune de Régina, Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues). These species can be distinguished by body color, presence or absence of spots on the pronotum and elytra, and by male and female genitalia. A distribution map and a key for the species in French Guiana are provided.
New species of glass knifefish Eigenmannia loretana (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the Western Amazon
Authors: WALTZ BRANDON T. , ALBERT JAMES S.
Published: March 2018

A new species of the Eigenmannia trilineata species group is described from the Loreto, Peru region of the western Amazon basin. The new species is similar in external appearance to members of the E. trilineata species group, but has a distinct phenotype, being diagnosed from congeners by the following unique combination of characters: four longitudinal dark pigment stipes on the lateral surfaces (over the lateral line, hypaxial muscles, proximal and distal pterygiophore margins); short, relatively round head (head depth 86.8–96.7% head length) with a terminal mouth; intermediate posterodorsal expansion of infraorbital bones 1+2 (60–75% length of infraorbitals 1+2); 11–15 teeth in three rows on the premaxilla; six to seven teeth in a single row on the endopterygoid; eye high on head (suborbital depth 28–36% head length); ii, 13–14 pectoral-fin rays; 183–219 anal-fin rays; and a uniformly dark brown head and pectoral fins on freshly-preserved specimens. The new species extends the geographic range of described species of the E. trilineata species group to the Western Amazon. This new species elevates the current number of valid species within the E. trilineata species group to 15, and the number of species within Eigenmannia to 20.
Investigation of the specific adhesion between polyurethane foams and thermoplastics to suited material selection in lightweight structures
Authors: Schäfer Kay , Anders Susann , Valentin Stefan , Helbig Frank , Tröltzsch Jürgen , Roth-Panke Isabelle , Nestler Daisy , Kroll Lothar
Published: March 2018

Lightweight construction combines various materials to create resource efficient components. Thermoplastics (TPs) combined with polyurethane (PUR) foams are increasingly used to create hybrid composites. Optimizing the energy efficiency is one of the main issues in the development of production processes of components. Reducing the number of process steps offers great potential in this respect. PUR foam develops a strong adhesive bond with most materials. This is used for the manufacturing of hybrid composite components by filling complex cavities with PUR foam simultaneously bonded with other TP polymer components. This way, one process step for joining is saved. The interfaces in this composite structures are critical points of the failure. A huge variety of TP is used for the production of hybrid composite components and PUR foam develops varying bonding strengths with all of them. Selecting the suitable TPs for a durable bonding with PUR foam in the desired production process necessarily requires information about the respective specific adhesion. In this investigation, different TPs were processed with PUR foams in order to manufacture sandwich composites. The TP facings are produced in the injection moulding process. Subsequently, the facings are combined with the foam core during reaction injection moulding. The wetting behaviour was examined using the contact angle measurement and the mechanical strength of the interface in the sandwich composite was determined using a tensile test. A precise order of the selected TPs concerning their specific adhesion to PUR foams was achieved with these investigative methods.
Introduction to the Armed Forces & Society Forum on Broadening the Perspective on Military Cohesion
Authors: Käihkö Ilmari
Published: March 2018

This Armed Forces & Society forum concentrates on broadening the perspective on military cohesion. This introduction, and the five articles that it acts as a preamble to, argues for the need to widen the scope of the recent debate on military cohesion, which in part took place in this very journal. This debate narrowly focused on Western state militaries during the 20th and 21st centuries and even then on the microlevel. The articles in this issue contribute to this broadening by exploring military cohesion in non-Western or nonmodern contexts, as well as through new methods, thus individually and collectively suggesting new ways forward to further our understanding of military cohesion.
Lexically driven or early structure building? Constructing an early grammar in German child language
Authors: Szagun Gisela , Schramm Satyam A.
Published: March 2018

This study examines the role of the lexicon and grammatical structure building in early grammar. Parent-report data in CDI format from a sample of 1151 German-speaking children between 1;6 and 2;6 and longitudinal spontaneous speech data from 22 children between 1;8 and 2;5 were used. Regression analysis of the parent-report data indicates that grammatical words have a stronger influence on concurrent syntactic complexity than lexical words. Time-lagged correlations using the spontaneous speech data showed that lexical words at 1;8 predict subsequent MLU at 2;1 significantly; grammatical words do not. MLU at 2;5 is significantly predicted by grammatical words and no longer by lexical words. The influence of different grammatical subcategories on subsequent MLU varies. Use of articles and the copula at 2;1 most strongly predicts MLU at 2;5. Children use both types of articles and multiple determiners before a noun to the same extent as adults. The present results are suggestive of early grammatical structure building.
Functions of collective victimhood
Authors: Lynch Orla , Joyce Carmel
Published: March 2018

The conflict that played out in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1998 is commonly referred to as the Troubles. Over the course of almost 30 years just under 3,700 people were killed and an estimated 40,000–80,000 injured; it is thought that 80% of the population of Northern Ireland knew someone who had been killed or injured in the violence. The protracted conflict that played out between local communities, the state and paramilitary organisations left a legacy of community division in the region; competing narratives of victimhood emerged and they served to inform intergroup relations. This article will provide a brief overview of the functions of collective victimhood as manifested in the social psychological literature, drawing on the example of the Troubles in Northern Ireland as a case study. In doing so, we will focus particularly on the mobilisation of collective victimhood as both a precursor for involvement in conflict but also as a justification after the event. Additionally, we are interested in the superordinate (broad societal level) re-categorisations of subgroups based on collective identities, including victimhood, and how they can be used as a conflict transformation resource. Ultimately, we will argue that research has tended to overlook how those involved in (as well as those impacted by) the Troubles construct and mobilise victimhood identities, for what purpose and to what end. We argue that in order to understand how collective victimhood is used and to understand the function it serves, both as a precursor for involvement in conflict and as a conflict transformation resource, we need to understand how parties to the conflict, both victims and perpetrators, construct the boundaries of these identity categories, as well as their rhetorical counterpart perpetrators of political violence.
Disparities in Access to Early Psychosis Intervention Services: Comparison of Service Users and Nonusers in Health Administrative Data
Authors: Anderson Kelly K. , Norman Ross , MacDougall Arlene G. , Edwards Jordan , Palaniyappan Lena , Lau Cindy , Kurdyak Paul
Published: March 2018

Objective:

There is a dearth of information on people with first-episode psychosis who do not access specialized early psychosis intervention (EPI) services. We sought to estimate the proportion of incident cases of nonaffective psychosis that do not access these services and to examine factors associated with EPI admission.

Methods:

Using health administrative data, we constructed a retrospective cohort of incident cases of nonaffective psychosis in the catchment area of the Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP) in London, Ontario, between 1997 and 2013. This cohort was linked to primary data from PEPP to identify EPI users. We used multivariate logistic regression to model sociodemographic and service factors associated with EPI admission.

Results:

Over 50% of suspected cases of nonaffective psychosis did not have contact with EPI services for screening or admission. EPI users were significantly younger, more likely to be male (odds ratio [OR] 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24 to 2.01), and less likely to live in areas of socioeconomic deprivation (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.73). EPI users also had higher odds of psychiatrist involvement at the index diagnosis (OR 7.35; 95% CI 5.43 to 10.00), had lower odds of receiving the index diagnosis in an outpatient setting (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.65), and had lower odds of prior alcohol-related (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.63) and substance-related (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.93) disorders.

Conclusions:

We need a greater consideration of patients with first-episode psychosis who are not accessing EPI services. Our findings suggest that this group is sizable, and there may be sociodemographic and clinical disparities in access. Nonpsychiatric health professionals could be targeted with interventions aimed at increasing detection and referral rates.
Les routes multiples d'auto-expression versus d'inter-expression dans le choix du consommateur
Authors: Maimaran Michal , Simonson Itamar
Published: March 2018

Les études relatives à la prise de décision du consommateur débutent souvent par l'identification d'une dimension sur laquelle les options diffèrent, suivie par l'analyse des facteurs qui influencent les préférences sur cette dimension. Construisant leur raisonnement sur une analyse conceptuelle de divers types de problèmes, les auteurs identifient chez les consommateurs des catégories de choix qui y sont associés (extrêmes vs source de compromis, hédoniques vs utilitaires, prêts au risque vs prudents) qui peuvent tous être classés en fonction de leur niveau d'expression: auto-expression versus inter-expression (ou caractère (non) conventionnel). Comme le démontrent quatre études, ces types de problèmes réagissent de façon similaire aux manipulations qui déclenchent ou suppriment l'auto-expression. De manière spécifique, amorcer l'auto-expression augmente systématiquement la part d'options auto-expressives dans les problèmes de choix. À l'inverse, le fait de s'attendre à être évalué diminue la part des options auto-expressives parmi les différents dilemmes de choix. De plus, initier la recherche de risque augmente seulement le choix de paris risqués, mais pas celui d'autres options auto-expressives. Ces résultats mettent en lumière l'importance de rechercher des attributs sous-jacents communs aux différents problèmes de choix des consommateurs, plutôt que de traiter chacun d'entre eux isolément.
Prévention de l'obésité auprès des adolescents: l'efficacité de l'argument « risque social » sur les intentions et comportements alimentaires
Authors: Werle Carolina Obino Corrêa , Boesen-Mariani Sabine , Gavard-Perret Marie-Laure , Berthaud Stéphanie
Published: March 2018

Afin de mieux comprendre l'efficacité des campagnes de prévention de l'obésité ciblant les adolescents, une expérimentation contrôlée a permis de tester l'impact de différents messages préventifs sur le comportement alimentaire immédiat (choix d'un goûter) et les intentions de surveillance alimentaire de 797 jeunes en milieu scolaire défavorisé. Les résultats montrent qu'un argument « social » conduit à des choix alimentaires plus sains qu'un argument « santé ». L'orientation régulatrice du message (prévention versus promotion) influence l'efficacité du type d'argument utilisé (social versus santé) uniquement en ce qui concerne les intentions de manger sainement: l'argument santé est plus efficace quand il souligne les risques d'une mauvaise alimentation que lorsqu'il souligne les bénéfices d'une alimentation équilibrée. Ces résultats interrogent certains choix actuels de prévention.
Contribution à la conceptualisation de l'expérience de consommation: émergence des dimensions de l'expérience au travers de récits de vie
Authors: Roederer Claire
Published: March 2018

La notion d'expérience de consommation souffre encore d'un déficit de conceptualisation. Cette recherche tente d'y remédier, par une approche inductive, fondée sur l'analyse de récits de vie. Les résultats permettent d'identifier quatre dimensions de l'expérience. Une dimension « praxéologique » traitant du sujet agissant, une dimension « hédonico-sensorielle » liée à une lecture sensible et à une évaluation thymique du contexte, une dimension « rhétorique » attachée au sens de l'expérience et enfin une dimension « rapport au temps » de l'expérience. Ces dimensions contribuent à une meilleure conceptualisation de l'experience vécue par son souvenir et donc potentiellement à une proximité plus grande avec le client. Elles peuvent être envisagêes comme des leviers d'action pour établir ou restaurer l'avantage concurrentiel commercial d'une offre d'expérience.
Ethnicité, consommation et retours temporaires au pays d’origine: le cas de la figure des Venants sénégalais
Authors: Ndione Louis César , Rémy Eric , Bah Thierno
Published: March 2018

A partir de l’ethnographie de la migration traditionnelle des Soninkés et de récits biographiques de migrants sénégalais récents en France, l’objectif de l’article est de comprendre ce qui se joue en matière d’ethnicité lors de leurs retours au pays d’origine. Au-delà de l’idéal typique de la migration historique soninké, nous montrons l’existence d’une pluralité de processus identitaires en référence à des parcours récents. L’analyse de ces retours temporaires montre qu’il s’agit de moments forts durant lesquels les ethnicités sont en mouvement en lien notamment avec les redéfinitions du chez soi. Nous proposons trois éléments de discussion : le rôle de la figure du migrant dans son pays d’origine (ici appelé Venant) sur le processus de construction identitaire ; l’importance de ces retours dans l’acculturation du pays d’origine en matière de cultures et pratiques de consommation; l’organisation de la dynamique migratoire en reliant l’ethnicité et le chez soi.
L’utilisation de la culpabilité en communication
Authors: Chédotal Camille , Berthe Bénédicte , de Peyrelongue Bénédicte , Le Gall-Ely Marine
Published: March 2018

S’inscrivant à la suite de réflexions anciennes en sciences humaines et sociales, les recherches sur l’utilisation de la culpabilité en communication ont pris de l’ampleur en marketing. Même si les annonceurs ont recours régulièrement à des messages culpabilisants, des résultats contradictoires quant à leurs effets sont identifiés dans la littérature. Cet article propose un modèle conceptuel permettant de comprendre le fonctionnement des messages culpabilisants et d’améliorer leur efficacité.
Le côté sombre de la pression exercée sur les consommateurs par les programmes de fidélité : enjeux éthiques et pratiques
Authors: Pez Virginie , Butori Raphaëlle , Mimouni Chaabane Aïda
Published: March 2018

Résumé

En dépit des effets vertueux de la pression exercée par les programmes de fidélité sur le comportement des clients (augmentation du niveau ou de la fréquence de consommation), la pression ressentie par les consommateurs peut aussi avoir des conséquences négatives sur leur bien-être psychologique. A travers trois études (N=461), nous montrons que la pression perçue peut être source de regret post-achat, d’inconfort dans la relation et de mal-être, et ce, d’autant plus que la valeur perçue du programme est élevée. Trois caractéristiques des programmes susceptibles de générer le plus de pression sont testées : le délai d’expiration des points, le seuil de points à atteindre et la menace de perdre son statut. Seule la perte de statut semble avoir une influence positive sur la pression perçue. Au final, cette recherche milite en faveur d’une évaluation à la fois quantitative et qualitative des programmes, à travers la surveillance du bien-être des clients.