bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Sodium Cyanide on Pyrite Particle Surface
Authors: Zhu Yi Min , Jia Jing Wen , Ma Yi Wen , Gao Peng , Han Yue Xin , Zhao Jin Ju , Li Jian Bo
Published: November 2013

Adsorption of sodium cyanide on pyrite particle surface was studied. And influences of adsorbing time, dosage of pyrite, and pH on adsorbing effect were investigated. IR spectra, SEM, EDS and Element Area Scanning of samples before and after adsorption were measured. Results showed that adsorption of sodium cyanide on pyrite particle surface is a fast adsorbing process. As soon as adsorbing time is 1 min, adsorbing equilibrium is reached. At the condition of concentration of NaCN 24mg/L, adsorbing time 5min, and stirring rate 2000r/min, when dosage of pyrite particles is 5g/L, adsorbing rate is up to 80%, and at the time adsorbing capacity is the largest, 381.4mg/g. When pH is within 8.0-11.0, pH has little influence on adsorbing effect. IR and EDS results showed that at the particle range of-45μm is 93%, the surface of pyrite particles is easy to be oxidized and hydroxylated. S atoms on the surface of pyrite lattice are oxidized, while Fe atoms on the surface of pyrite lattice are hydroxylated. There exists hydrogen bond function between CN-and OH-, and there exists monomolecular chemical bond function between CN-and pyrite. And-Fe (CN)nm-(n<6) is produced on the surface of pyrite, thus the superficial properties of pyrite is changed.
Experimental Study on Purification of Magnesite Ore in Liaoning Province
Authors: Han Jia Hong , Li Xiao An , Dai Shu Juan , Wang Zhi You , Yu Lian Tao
Published: November 2013

A region of liaoning low-grade magnesite ore products mainly for magnesite ,the gangue minerals are mainly hematite,calcite,chlorite,quartz,etc.This experimental using a roughing secondary selected single reverse flotation process,with hydrochloric acid, sodium silicate,sodium hexametaphosphate for adjustment,LKD for collecting agent,the ore are studied,in the conditions of mine ore SiO2 content is 0.85%,MgO content is 95.53%,Fe2O3 content is 0.82%,obtain concentrate SiO2 content is 0.17%,Fe2O3 content is 0.69%,concentrate grade (MgO content) is 97.31%,the recovery is 78.86% of the experimental index.The experimental of related mineral flotation purification provide identification and reference.
Influence of Br Modification on Collecting Property of Dodecanoic Acid
Authors: Zhu Yi Min , Luo Bin Bin , Mi Jin Yue
Published: November 2013

Bromine atom with strong electronegativity was introduced to a position of dodecanoic acid as a new type collector DZF-3 in iron ore flotation. The structure of DZF-3 synthesized in the paper is verified by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. And the collecting performances of DZF-3 are also presented through a series of flotation experiments of single minerals. Results show that DZF-3 is a kind of efficient collector especially used in room temperature in reverse flotation. Moreover, DZF-3 can collect quartz particles without activated by CaCl2. Mechanism analysis shows that electronegativity and collecting performance of the collecting group-COO- are increased by bromine atom. The enhancement of electronegative of dodecanoic acid by Br substituted in a position results in the competitive adsorption among active sites of Br atom and O atoms of carboxyl group with hydroxyl of quartz surface, then there occurs a chemical reaction between the Sin+(n= 0-4) in quartz surface and active sites in DZF-3 molecules.
Optimization of Grinding System for Woody Powder Production
Authors: Qiu Jia Lin , Shang Zhi Xin , Jiang Tao , Lv Le Fu , Zhang Xian Mei
Published: November 2013

To investigate biomass classification technology, such as rotary classifier, and to select appropriate biomass classifier. Through the change of different feeding rates and rotation speeds of the classifier, the classification efficiency and Newton classification efficiency, specific particle size and uniformity index, the recoveries of coarse and fine powder and energy consumption were measured. The results indicate that feeding rate and rotation speed have an important effect on the classification. When the rotation rate of classifier is 300rpm, the classification efficiency decrease basically, but in 78.96kg/h, it is the maximum. And Newton classification efficiency would decrease at first and then increase, in 88.96kg/h, it is the lowest. When the feed rate are 78.96kg/h and 88.96kg/h, as the rotation speed increases from 50r/min to 150r/min, there is a moderate increase in uniformity coefficient, that means the biomass size distribution becomes narrower. The energy consumption means the pulverizer capacity is larger, the less is the wasted energy. It is a common sense that the larger the mill, the higher the efficiency.
The Effect of Polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the Texture and Morphology of YBCO Films
Authors: Xu Wan Chen , Bai Yue Ling , Fang Jian Hui , Cai Chuan Bing
Published: November 2013

The effect of polyethyleneimine (PEI) in precursor solution on the morphology and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films grown on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates by metal-organic deposition (MOD) method was investigated. The morphologies of the YBCO films were different based on the different amount of PEI addition from 0.25 g to 0.9 g in 10 mL precursor solution. Furthermore, research results indicate that the PEI helps to improve the critical current density (Jc), the uniformity of surface morphology and c-axis orientation of thin film. The highest critical current density (Jc) of 2.17 MA/cm2 at 77 K is obtained in YBCO ﬁlms fabricated on LAO substrates when the amount of PEI is 0.5 g in 10 mL precursor solution. YBCO layers with about 400 nm in thickness can be processed without cracks and holes during the whole heat treatment, which takes only 7.5 h.
Current Distribution Model and Control Principle of MgAlON Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)
Authors: Feng Xiao Cong , Yang Dao Yuan , Qu Yuan Chao , Wang Ting , Zhang Cun Bao
Published: November 2013

The current distribution had remarkable effect on the microstructure and properties of MgAlON composites in the process of spark plasma sintering (SPS). MgAlON composites, using alumina, magnesia and aluminum as starting materials, were prepared by SPS. Based on the current distribution method, the current distribution model on samples and single grain was established, and the basic electric current control principle was analyzed. It was found that the current conveyance by sample or single Al grain could be expressed by a formula including B and I.In the formula, B was the Al volume fraction and I was the total current. When the Al volume fraction was controlled within 12%, the current conveyance by sample increased significantly with the Al addition increasing. Meanwhile, the current conveyance by single Al grain decreased significantly. The sintering speed and properties of MgAlON composites by SPS would show a significantly change.
Multiscale and Multilevel Composite of Solidified TiC-TiB2 with Ti-6Al-4V Achieved by Fusion Bonding in High-Gravity Field
Authors: Zhao Zhong Min , Zhang Long , Wang Shuan Jie , Wang Min Quan
Published: November 2013

By putting Ti-6Al-4V plate at the bottom of the blend of (Ti+B4C) and the high-energy thermit, a novel laminated composite of TiC-TiB2 ceramic to Ti alloy is achieved by combustion synthesis in high-gravity field, and within the joint there presents multiscale and multilevel microstructures characterized by size and distribution of TiB2 and TiB phases, thereby showing microstructure evolution rather than a clear interface from the ceramic to Ti alloy. The reasons for the unique microstructures in the joint came is considered a result of fusion bonding and atomic interdiffusion between liquid TiC-TiB2 and liquid Ti in thermal vacuum circumstances, followed by a series of metallurgical reaction including peritectic reaction of TiB2 solid and Ti liquid, direct growth of TiB from Ti liquid and subsequent eutectic reaction of TiB and Ti, so a continuously-graded microstructure consisting of the multiphases in size from micrometer to nanometer is eatablieshed in the joint.
Comparative Measurement on Translucency of Four Systems of Dental All-Ceramic Zirconia Materials
Authors: Lu Rong Jian , Ge Cheng , Sun Li , Shi Guang , Wang Cheng Long , Shao Long Quan , Liu Yi Han , Wen Ning , Deng Bin
Published: November 2013

This study aims to investigate the difference on relative translucency of four systems of dental all-ceramic zirconia materials which are all at clinical required thickness.All-ceramic zirconia specimens containing Zenostar,Lava,Cercon and Upcera are fabricated into discs with 10mm in diameter and 0.5±0.01mm in thickness.The relative translucency of specimens are measured with color difference meter,and the measurements are conducted statistical analysis with software SPSS13.Experimental results display that their relative translucency are significantly different,which decrease in sequence of Zenostar,Lava,Cercon and Upcera zirconia.Cercon zirconia with certain translucency could be used for relatively opaque posterior tooth.As for discolored teeth,Upcera Zirconia may be advisable.
Study on the Microstructure of Lining-Ceramic Layer
Authors: Wang Nan , Han Ya Ling , Zhang Yang , Wang Chen , Guo Si Cong
Published: November 2013

Aiming at phenomenon of serious friction and wear in industrial products,a new technology using the redundant heat of molten steel to prepare lining ceramic layer on the surface of casting steel was researched. The abrasion resistance was improved significantly because the interface between ceramic particles and the matrix metal combine in metallurgy way. The ceramic compound powder was granulated and sintered on the surface of the casting steel. Ceramic lining layer with high abrasion resistance formed rely on superfluous heat from molten steel. The microstructure of the lining ceramic layer was analyzed with SEM. The results show that the ceramic phase distributes equably in the lining ceramic layer and combines strongly with the matrix, so can boost wear resistance effectively.
Application of High Radiative Coating on Hot Blast Stove and Heat Balance Calculation
Authors: Zhao Li Hua , Ai Xian Bin , Cang Da Qiang , Li Yu
Published: November 2013

High temperature of the hot air from hot stove plays a very important role on energy-saving to the blast furnace process. Radioactive heat transfer and thermal efficiency can be increased by increasing the radiation rate of the regenerator checker bricks, it is found by detecting the application of a steel mill that the heat efficiency of the hot stove coated with the specific paint is 3.49% higher, hot air heat is 3.01% more than the one which is not coated the paint, and the gas consumption is 6.25% less.
Preparation and Mechanical Property of MWNTs/Al Composite Wires by Rotational Friction Extrusion Processing
Authors: Xiong Qi Ping , Ke Li Ming , Liu Fen Cheng , Liu Qiang , Chen Xi Liang
Published: November 2013

The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) reinforced aluminum composite wires were fabricated by Rotational Friction Extrusion Processing (RFEP). The microstructure and mechanical properties of MWNTs/Al composite wires with different content of MWNTs were investigated. The results show that carbon nanotubes were well dispersed into the aluminum matrix, and the mechanical properties of MWNTs/Al composit wires were improved by FSP and RFEP. The tensile strength reached up to 186.3MPa when 4.5vol% MWNTs was added, which was 1.13 times that of MWNTs/Al composite blocks prepared by FSP only.
Effects of Na-Ca System Glass Powder on Properties of Silver Paste
Authors: Fan Mao Yan , Gan Guo You , Yi Jian Hong , Yan Ji Kang , Du Jing Hong , Zhang Jia Min , Liu Yi Chun , He Xin Xin
Published: November 2013

The glass powder as a binder phase in the silver paste mainly plays the role of binding. The composition, content and particle size of the glass powder have significant effects on the properties of the silver paste. In this paper, the effects of the sintering temperature, holding time, glass powder content and glass powder size on the adhesion and square resistance of the silver film were studied. The research results showed that when the glass powder content was 6%(in mass) of the total silver paste, the sintering temperature was 680°C, the holding time was 7 minutes and the glass powder size was 2.47μm, the silver paste can get good properties. The adhesion strength and square resistance of the silver film were respectively 2.5 N/mm2 and 14 mΩ /.
The Porosities or Voids Included in Composite Resin Restorations
Authors: Zhao Xin Yi , Zhang Wu , Lee Sean , Roggenkamp Clyde
Published: November 2013

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate effects of consistency of resin composite and insertion techniques on the formation of porosity or inclusion of air bubbles in resin composite restorations. Materials and Methods: Three resin composites (Tetric Ceram HB, Tetric EvoCeram and Prodigy) were selected to represent high, intermediate and low viscosity, respectively. Simulated Class I cavities prepared in acrylic resin blocks were restored with one of the composites using both hand-instrument insertion and injection insertion techniques. The restorations were sectioned longitudinally and microscopically examined for the presence of porosity. Results: The materials of low (Prodigy) and high Tetric Ceram HB) viscosity exhibited a significantly less porosity than the material of a mediate viscosity. The porosities of Prodigy and Tetric Ceram HB restorations were comparable regardless of the insertion technique. Tetric EvoCeram restorations inserted by the hand technique contained more porous inclusions than those inserted using the injection technique. Conclusion: Porosities inside resin composite restorations apparently arose during the filling process, and the consistency of resin composite influenced the porosity formation of the composite restoration. Injection insertion was not found necessary to reduce porosities.
Fluoride Release and Recharge Ability of a Novel Fluoride Release Composite Resin
Authors: Zhao Xin Yi , Gui Ya Jie , Li Shi Bao
Published: November 2013

Objective: To evaluate the fluoride release rates and fluoride recharge capability of a experimental resin composite, a compomer, a giomer and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Methods: Ten disc specimens of each material were prepare and polished with abrasive paper, followed by clearing with oil-free compressed air jet. The specimens were placed in a plastic vessel containing 5ml deionized water immediately after fabrication. Each specimen was removed and put to a new a vessel containing deionized water each day, and the sample solution was test for fluoride concentration each day using a compound fluoride ion selective electrode and a conductivity meter. All specimens were removed from container after 28 days and were recharged by immersing in a fluoride foam solution for four minutes. Then fluoride release from these recharged samples was measured daily for 7 days. Recharge was repeated three times. Result: Fuji II LC demonstrated the highest fluoride release ( p <0.01), followed by experimental resin and Compoglass. Both Beautufil and Charisma presented the lowest fluoride release ( p <0.01) during the first two weeks. All materials except Charisma demonstrated a sharp decline of fluoride release, followed by a comparatively stable stage of fluoride release for about twenty days. All materials presented fluoride release increase substantially one day after recharge but declines rapidly almost to the baseline level after 2 days except for Fuji II LC that showed a continual fluoride release for 5 days. Conclusion: The experimental composite resin has a capability of fluoride release and recharge that are comparable to compomers.
Study on Electrical Properties and Morphology Behaviors of Epoxy Nanocomposites with Octa(3-aminopropyl)Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
Authors: Dong Xing , Fu Ji Fang , Yu Wen Qi , Chen Li Ya , Shi Li Yi , Jia Hai Sen , Chai Song Gang
Published: November 2013

In this work, octa(3-aminopropyl)polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (Oap-POSS) [(NH2CH2CH2CH2)8Si8O12] was synthesized through hydrolytic condensation of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, and incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) cured with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) to offer a series of novel POSS/EP nanocomposites. The microstructure, thermal stabilities, electric insulation and dielectric behaviors of the epoxy nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that the thermal stability and dielectric property of the POSS/EP increases with the incorporation of Oap-POSS into EP.
Electrical Characterization and Microstructures of Bi4-x Scx Ti3O12 Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique
Authors: Tian Fang , Mei X.A. , Chen M. , Huang C.Q.
Published: November 2013

Sc-doped bismuth titanate (Bi4-xScxTi3O12: BST) and pure Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) thin films with random orientation were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique. These samples had polycrystalline Bi-layered perovskite structure without preferred orientation, and consisted of well developed rod-like grains with random orientation. The experimental results indicated that Sc doping into BIT result in a remarkable improvement in ferroelectric properties. The Pr and the Ec values of the BST film with x=0.75 were 25 μC/cm2 and 65 kV/cm, respectively.
The Influence of Burnishing Parameters on the Surface Quality of Bars Made from AZ61 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Mustea Gheorghe , Brabie Gheorghe
Published: November 2013

In the machining of the magnesium and magnesium alloys, some difficulties are encountered during working process. Thus, in the case of turning operation, when phenomena like: splinter self-ignition and flank built-up occur during machining, special tools and coolants are required in order to diminish the effects of such phenomena. In the case of grinding operation of the magnesium and its alloys, other phenomena like: adhesion between the abrasive tools and processing materials can cause explosions and hence such operation must be conducted in special conditions. A solution that can be applied to avoid such phenomena and effects is represented by the utilization of the burnishing operation. In the present study, the influence of the burnishing process on the quality of the machined surfaces of parts made from AZ61 magnesium alloy was performed. The quality of the burnished surfaces was analyzed in terms of the roughness and hardness parameters, the parameters with the greatest influence on surfaces roughness and hardness being the burnishing feed, burnishing speed and burnishing pressure
Aspects Regarding the Hybrid Models in Engineering
Authors: Oanta Emil , Panait Cornel
Published: November 2013

Physical phenomena in engineering are studied using several types of research instruments. In the class of the theoretical instruments may be considered the analytic and numeric models and the category of the practical approaches includes the experimental studies. However, complex phenomena require information resulted from several types of studies. The integration of the information may be done using original software applications which offer speed, accuracy and flexibility in the context of that certain project. If the research plan considers right from the beginning the integration of the results of different types of studies in a unique investigation methodology, the model of the phenomenon may be considered hybrid.
The paper presents several research projects in engineering, the project dedicated to the strains and stresses in the cylinder block is the most complex one and it required several studies of different types, together with original software employed to integrate the data. It may be considered a relevant example of hybrid model.
To conclude, the analysis of the phenomenon to be studied must lead to a certain high overview which offers the grounds of a holistic approach in the design of the research plan. Thus, there must be identified all the sources of experimental data, using various experimental techniques, even the redundant information being useful for cross-checking purposes.
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis on Control Equipment Using Fuzzy Theory
Authors: Belu Nadia , Anghel Daniel Constantin , Rachieru Nicoleta
Published: November 2013

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is a methodology to evaluate a system, design, process, machine or service for possible ways in which failures (problems, errors, risks and concerns) can occur and it has been used in a wide range of industries. Traditional method uses a Risk Priority Number to evaluate the risk level of a component or process. This is obtained by finding the multiplication of three factors, which are the severity of the failure (S), the probability/occurrence of the failure (O), and the probability of not detecting the failure (D). There are significant efforts which have been made in FMEA literature to overcome the shortcomings of the crisp RPN calculation. Fuzzy logic appears to be a powerful tool for performing a criticality analysis on a system design and prioritizing failure identified in analisys FMEA for corrective actions. In this paper we present a parallel between the typical and the fuzzy computation of RPNs, in order to assess and rank risks associated to failure modes that could appear in the functioning of control equipment.
The Influence of Complex Dynamic Phenomena Caused by Wind Action on Behaviour of Transportation Pipelines
Authors: Pintilie Gheorghe
Published: November 2013

The main transportation pipelines are subjected to complex stresses resulting from the nature and state of the transported material, the operating conditions, and the environmental factors and so on. Thus, the stress in the pipe wall is generated and influenced by the pressure, the temperature and the mass of the transported fluid, by the weight of the pipe, the ambient temperature and in certain periods of time by the wind speed. In this paper are presented dynamic phenomena generated by wind flow and their effect on the magistrate transportation pipelines. The content of the paper presents an detailed analysis regarding the regimes in which is developing the force generated by Karman vortex and the situation when resonance phenomena are developed. The study presents a mathematical model that describes the dynamic phenomena generated by the wind action, determining the mathematical expression of the aerodynamic force that act on the normal direction to the wind speed. This force is having a periodic variation, its size and the frequency variation is dependent on the wind speed. Some methods are proposed in order to decrease the wind influence on the lifetime of transportation pipelines. The main results of the study are: determination of the speed range for which the dynamic phenomena have a high influence on the pipeline lifetime; determination of the real conditions that can lead to sharp rises of the pipe deformations; determination of the pipeline lifetime reduction under development of dynamic loads.
Comparative Analysis of Different Methods in Residual Stress Measurement for Polymeric Parts
Authors: Raicu Alexandra
Published: November 2013

This paper presents the measurements of the residual stresses for polymeric parts using different methods. The residual stresses are usually introduced during manufacturing and are caused by processes such as molding. In order to optimize injection molding process with polymeric material, it is important to predict the internal stress development during molding. The residual stresses are caused mainly by non-uniform temperature profile in the cavity during filling, packing and cooling stages. This research offers information and a methodology which may be applied in practical conditions for a large number of parts manufactured from the different polymeric materials and for several technological constraints. The author confirmed that all this methods which measure the residual stresses can be applied to injection molded parts.
Analysis of the Linear Positioning Accuracy on Z Axis at the Horizontal Machining Centre TMA-AL-550
Authors: Bungău Constantin , Pancu Rareş , Buidoş Traian
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a case study regarding use the laser XL 80 to check the linearity movement of the Z-axis to horizontal machining center, TMA-AL 550. This machining center has been upgraded to the possibility of processing to 3 CNC linear axes and 2 CNC rotary axes (up to 5 CNC simultaneous axes) and also 1 PLC axis (the index table), as well the including of the machine into to the flexible manufacturing cell. This work paper presents the linearity accuracy at machining centre on the Z axis and shows the operating correction parameters by software and the necessity of backlash adjustment between nut and ball screw, by using a performing linear laser for machine tools and research systems laboratory, that was acquired by the project RTT-5 Rotary-Tilting Tables for 5-axis Machining Center, where the authors participated. Compared with conventional methods of checking of table linearity deviations at the machining centers (checking with spirit leveling device, wire collimator, wire auto-collimator and yardstick ruler), the method by laser of unconventional determining brings the following advantages: linear resolution of 0.001 μm, method assisted by computer, in order to obtain the positioning accuracy ± 5 μm the repeatability of 5 μm/m. The measurements fall within the ISO 230-2, ASME B5-52, VDI 3441-DGQ, JIS and GB international standards, and permitting also the memorization of the measured data and the obtaining of the tabulated results, or in graphical form too, using XL 80 soft Laser, by forwarding the information to the computer.
FEA Study on the Elastic Deformation Process of a U-Shape Bimetal Actuator
Authors: Aignătoaie Mihail
Published: November 2013

Bimetal actuators are frequently used in engineering applications. The literature for the design of bimetal actuators recommends only approximate analytical formulas for various bimetal structures, all with constant section on the entire length. No reference was found for bimetals with variable cross-section or bimetals shape optimization. Topology and shape optimization specialized software packages are not always an available or easy to use option. The paper presents a Finite Element Analysis, FEA, for a U-shaped bimetal with equal legs, considering both mechanical and thermal loads. FEA modeling aspects and some suggestions considering possible new shape modifications for this type of actuator are discussed.
A Matlab Neural Network Application for the Study of Working Conditions
Authors: Anghel Daniel Constantin , Ene Alexandru , Belu Nadia
Published: November 2013

The paper presents a method based on the neural networks to study of working conditions, for the workstations from the manufacture industry. The neural networks were chosen because they excel in gathering difficult non-linear relationships between the inputs and outputs of a system. The neural network was simulated with Matlab. In this paper, we considered as relevant for the study of working conditions, 6 input parameters: temperature, humidity, noise, luminosity, load and frequency. The neural network designed for the study presented in this paper has 6 input neurons and 3 neurons in the output layer. Some experimental results obtained through simulations, are presented in the final part of the paper.
Use of Finite Element Method in Optimization of Quay Crane's Grab
Authors: Dragomir Cristina
Published: November 2013

This Finite element method is one of the most advanced calculating methods for approximation of accurate solutions to engineering problems. Optimization of grabs quay cranes is necessary because most port operators use this type of equipment for loading and unloading bulk cargo. Initial research methods applied in this study are based on observations and surveys conducted on Bocşa 16 t - 32 m mobile quay cranes of MinMetal S.A. Constanta port operator. Modeling and analysis for grabs structure optimization was made with FEMAP and NX NASTRAN - version 10.3.1 applications, which use the finite element method and finite element analysis. After calculations and analysis, the following optimizations resulted:-to increase the grabs closing force (in order to minimize the loss of cargo between jaws and to increase digging force) the lower beam weight must be reduced.-to reduce the amount of cargo drained from the grabs jaws at loading, rubber jaws barriers can be fixed or bars can be welded at grabs jaws.- if cargo has high granulation, in order to reduce grabs weight the plate of the jaw can be cropped.-cups supporting tie rods could be replaced by hydraulic cylinders.The greatest tension is located in the cups supportive arms and in the area where cups are attached to arms. Shafts tensions are larger than the grabs metal structure and are located in shafts-arms contact areas, ie support bearings. In these areas, an optimization can be made by installing ball bearings to reduce friction. The largest deformations occur in the middle area of the arms. To increase safety in operation it is necessary to change the material of the four arms supporting cups, given that deformation of 89.7 mm (~ 9 cm) combined with external factors and / or shock loads can lead to permanent deformation or even material breaks. After changing the material, the model showed that the deformations in the middle area of the arms are substantially reduced, at only 4 mm. In the contact area of the upper arms with the two bars of the upper beam, hazardous tensions may be minimized if there are inserted bearings.
A Survey on Capp Systems Development Methods
Authors: Grabowik Cezary , Kalinowski Krzysztof , Kempa Wojciech M. , Paprocka Iwona
Published: November 2013

Process planning is one of the most important links in planning of the manufacturing system functioning, it coordinates and integrates processes planners, designers and economists intentions. The main goal to reach during the process planning phase is to determine the process plan structure it is manufacturing operations and cuts which have to be applied in order to transform given semifinished product into a product with the strict determined design and properties. Simultaneously process planers strive for working out such a process plan which satisfies criteria of the lowest manufacturing cost and labour consumption taking into account current accessibility of manufacturing resources. Process planning is still one of the most difficult, complex and time consuming process planner activities. Traditionally the process plan is designed with so-called manual method. During process planning with this method a process planner is forced to analyse the sequence of manufacturing cuts and operations in the process plan structure and also to analyse alternative processes taking into consideration achieving as low as possible unit manufacturing cost. In this case the process plan quality in principle depends exclusively on process planner knowledge and skills. Taking into account above the methods of process planning functions automation are searched. This goal can be reached by application of computer tools. Computer methods of process planning went through the long evolution process and their development is characterized by the following features: decreasing of process planner participation in the planning of the base structure of process plan, broad application of technological databases, broad application of technological knowledge bases, and possibilities of cooperation with commercial CAD/CAM/CAE systems [1,. In this paper the detailed information on methods of computer aided process planning are given. The variant, semi generative and generative methods are discussed. The main merits and drawbacks for each method are shown.
Aspects of Transport Optimization in Holonic Enterprise
Authors: Ciortea Mihaela Elisabeta
Published: November 2013

This paper presents an optimization of transportation networks using petri holonic enterprises. The development work is leaving the role and functions of holonic enterprise and then implementing a Petri net, which is designed to optimize transport in such an enterprise. The research purpose is to provide industrial users means to make decisions, to obtain short-term forecasts and to be able to build one that will need mechanisms. For simulation using Visual Object Net ++, because it is relatively easy to use, can be used for complex systems and the literature it is recommended for systems with discrete events. In the development of the paper, the holons are considered to be unitary entities represented by a number of system processes running on stations defined on the basis of a predetermined algorithm.
The Aid of a Mistake Proofing with the use of Mechatronic Systems According to the Poka-Yoke Methodology
Authors: Hetmańczyk Mariusz Piotr , Michalski Piotr
Published: November 2013

An important aspect raised in the article is the practical application of rules dedicated to Poka-Yoke systems using real industrial automation components that enable detection of defective elements. The article includes also an optimization of the structure of constructed devices for an unambiguous determination of the Poka-Yoke criteria and a minimization of the possibility of random errors made by the employee (or intentionally deceives of sensor systems). Despite clear conditions of the method the authors observed a lack of publications related to the description of the implementation of equipment elaborated in accordance with the presented methodology in industrial applications. This article presents the author's Poka-Yoke system used for a detection of drawpieces made of steel (with welded nuts) which are components of systems of passenger cars.
Original Computer Based Solutions in Structural Studies
Authors: Oanta Emil
Published: November 2013

The paper is inspired by the computer based solutions developed over a period of almost 30 years. Thus, the original computer based solutions were developed for a wide range of problems: computer aided geometry for domain definition, data generators for finite element applications, output data file processors with visualization facilities, matrices defined as random access files with a wide range of subsequent applications in several disciplines and domains of science, FDM and FEM applications, customized solutions for heat transfer problems, computational fluid dynamics, experimental data reduction software applications, virtual reality facilities, semi-numeric modeling, computer based decisions. Dedicated solutions were developed for applied elasticity problems related to marine engineering problems as we as naval architecture problems: ship strength computing based on the method of initial parameters, geometrical characteristics of the cross sections, automatic calculus of the stresses of a general-shaped section and others. Most of these applications present the output data in a graphical way, in order to be more relevant for a structural analyst. Another objective was to offer not only values of different parameters, but laws of variation which may be used in other subsequent analytic studies. According to the complexity of the problem to be solved, these applications are in a range which starts at the data-crunching level up to complex and intelligent solutions, some of them being implemented in programs of tens of thousands of computer code lines. The paper presents the main features of each computer based solution, the connectivity with other solutions, the possibility to extend or adapt a given solution for a particular case study. Last but not least, there must be noticed that computer based solutions may be used in several directions of development: research, design and education..
Analysis of Compression Ignition Engine Cycle Based on Irreversible Thermodynamics
Authors: Omocea Ion
Published: November 2013

We use a model that is based on the cycle behavior inlet pressure variation. This analysis revealed the two main regimes of operation marine propulsion engines. Pressure drop in the suction process can be seen from two points of view: this pressure drop is an active dissipation and at the same time is a passive dissipation, contributing to the deterioration of cycle infrastructure. Interference of the two effects is reflected by the appearance of a ψaopt=0,3...0,35, for which indicated power Pi becomes maximum in terms of given geometric and gazodynamic configurations. Respectively for a weighting of conductance gazodynamic imposed. When fuel flow is imposed, the analysis revealed that the share of shall be amended to variation of ψa, which involves the geometric and gazodynamic configuration variable. In this numerical analysis showed the existence of ψaopt=0,1...0,15, for which indicated efficiency ηi is maximum. These findings are the basis for the complex optimization cycle program for four-stroke compression ignition engine.
Assessment of a Traction Model for Agricultural Tires Based on a Variable Shear Area Model and Experimental Data
Authors: Rosca Radu , Cârlescu Petru , Tenu Ioan
Published: November 2013

The tire driving force is the resultant of the elementary shear forces acting under the running gear contact area; while the tire ground contact area may be assumed to be constant, the sheared area increases with slip but is generally less then the tire-soil contact area. As a result, it may be considered that the tractive force is the result of the elementary forces acting along the portion of the contact area that participates in the shearing process. Starting from this idea, the paper tries to evaluate the shearing area using a traction model and experimental traction data. The traction model and the field tests referred to the driving tires of a 2WD Romanian U-650 tractor; the comparison between experimental data concerning the traction force and the results given by the traction model allowed evaluation of the shear area, using a Komandi type relationship, assuming that shear area is linked to the tire-ground contact area by the means of a wheel slip depending shape parameter D. The goodness-of-fit test applied to the original Komandi equation led to conclusion that this equation was not appropriate for the evaluation of the shear area, at least not for the test conditions. A much better goodness-of-fit between the measured traction forces and the ones predicted by the model was achieved when a modified Komandi type relation was used in order to describe the shape parameter. In this case, 77.8% of the of model predictions were within the 95% confidence interval of each corresponding experimental data point, compared to only 22.2% for the original Komandi equation. In terms of traction efficiency, the modified Komandi equation also led to a better fit between theoretical and experimental data.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of a Planetary Gearbox Working Process
Authors: Truta Marian , Fieraru Octavian , Vilau Radu , Vinturis Valentin , Marinescu Marin
Published: November 2013

Present paper focuses on the power circuits within planetary gearboxes, providing an original mathematical model. This model is an excellent instrument to analyze and determine the torque, angular speed, power factors, global gear ratios and efficiency distribution. The analysis itself has been developed for the second-gear, forward-motion of the gearbox. The analysis provides the mathematical model of the gearboxs way of working both in the static and dynamic modes.
The method starts with issuing the equivalent graph (network structure) of the gearbox. Using this model, the gearbox is associated to a power driveline network that both transforms and guides the power flow to the final transmission of the vehicle. Using the network structural model, the gearbox turns into a general nodal diagram (graph). Our study concerned both the static and dynamic modes. It consists in a mathematical determination of the cinematic (angular speed) and dynamic (torque) factors that charge the gearboxs components. The mathematical model takes into account the power losses and the inertia occurring within the entire network and their influences upon the general power distribution.
Using the model, we could get accurate results of the torque and power distribution. Moreover, the model provides the map of the power distribution when the gearbox works in its second gear, emphasizing the difference between the analysis performed for the two above mentioned working regimes (static and dynamic). The results can be further used as entry points for a much more complex mathematical model that describes the dynamic features of the vehicle.
Localization Methods for Mobile Robots - A Review
Authors: Conduraru Ionel , Doroftei Ioan , Conduraru (Slătineanu) Alina
Published: November 2013

In recent years more and more emphasis was placed on the idea of autonomous mobile robots, researches being constantly rising. Mobile robots have a large scale use in industry, military operations, exploration and other applications where human intervention is risky. The accurate estimation of the position is a key component for the successful operation for most of autonomous mobile robots. The localization of an autonomous robot system refers mainly to the precise determination of the coordinates where the system is present at a certain moment of time. In many applications, the orientation and an initial estimation of the robot position are known, being supplied directly or indirectly by the user or the supervisor. During the execution of the tasks, the robot must update this estimation using measurements from its sensors. This is known as local localization. Using only sensors that measure relative movements, the error in the pose estimation increases over time as errors are accumulated. Localization is a fundamental operation for navigating mobile robots
Design of Collaborative, Cross & Carry Mobile RoBots "C3Bots"
Authors: Hichri Bassem , Fauroux Jean Christophe , Adouane Lounis , Mezouar Youcef , Doroftei Ioan
Published: November 2013

This paper presents an introduction aboutC3Botsproject which aims to design collaborative, cross and carry mobile robots. In this project it is considered to design an innovative robotic system based on modular entities with a simple mechanical architecture able to collaborate to ensure object co-manipulation and transport. The resulting multi-robot system is calledC3Bots. In this paper we present the first version of this system using a parallelogram mechanism for co-manipulation and the realized prototypes which are going to be used for first experiments.
Dynamic Modelling of a 3DOF Medical Parallel Robot with One Decoupled Motion
Authors: Neagoe Mircea , Cretescu Nadia , Saulescu Radu
Published: November 2013

The paper presents the dynamic modeling of a 3DOF parallel robot of 1PRRR+2PRPaR type using the Lagrange multipliers method in the rigid link assumption. Numerical simulations of the analytical dynamic model, developed using Maple software, on representative trajectories are carried out and these results are finally validated trough numerical simulations in the MBS ADAMS software. Final conclusions are drawn, useful for researchers and practitioners in the robotic field.
Business Ecosystems: Strategy Maps in Relation to Sustainable Development
Authors: Avram Elena Galateanu , Avasilcăi Silvia
Published: November 2013

Continuous economic and social changes led to the development of new concepts both in business as well as in academic environments. As a result, one of them is the concept of business ecosystem. This concept brought a new definition of an industry through clear delimitation of organizational roles and relationships which are evolving around a common strategy and through the vision of an industry as a community of interrelated organizations who work together for a common benefit. This paper aims to provide a conceptual framework for a business ecosystem with a view to measure its performance by means of strategy maps. The main purpose of strategy maps is to communicate the strategy throughout the organization and to ensure its proper and successful execution. From this point of view the findings should reveal how the organizations inside business ecosystems are adapting a common strategy and the importance of the value creation processes established inside the business ecosystem. In order to achieve this objective it will be identified the business ecosystems strategy along with specific features and it will be transposed in a Balanced Scorecard framework according to its four perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes and learning and growth. Each perspective respond to organization needs and reflects the most important strategic objectives. The linkage and relations between each perspectives elements will be established by analyzing sustainable development influences as a new trend of organization development and as response to global concern to environment, social and economic evolution. This direction of analysis will provide, for various stakeholders, a new framework to implement the concepts of eco-innovation and eco-development as well as cooperation and co-evolution. Basically these concepts will be considered as key aspects of analysis as well as for the strategy implementation process and will provide knowledge about organizations mechanisms related to its role as a business ecosystem within the context of the internal and external environment. The main outcome, the foreseen result, is to create a strategy map template for a business ecosystem that could foster the importance of cooperation and co-evolution concepts for strategy implementation.
Model and Analysis of the Key Factors Influencing Organizational Changes Implementation within Business Processes
Authors: Fuioagă (Băsu) Claudia Paula
Published: November 2013

Change is a common place nowadays. The fulminant engineering, innovation and globalization era brought with it an avalanche of changes and multiple challenges that organizations must face. Despite the change theme has been thought out and researched by hundreds of specialists, the practice shows that organizations have yet difficulties in implementing the changes they need. This is the motive why managers must deal with the issue of organizational changes carefully and take into consideration all factors that contribute to successful implementation of projects and changes that may increase the performance of companies they belong. Purpose The aim of this article is modelling and analysis the key factors that influence the organizational changes implementation within the business processes. Research, methodology Based on the main concepts in literature, a new specific model centered on the key factors that influence the organizational changes implementation within business processes will be presented and analysed. Findings The results indicate the main factors that influence change implementation in business processes and show a number of solutions for increase the success rate of this challenge for all the leaders of organizations. Originality, value The article promote a specific model of key factors that influence the organizational changes implementation, based on a critical review of change management literature. Numerous authors suggest a lot of recommendations for using and combining the factors of changes implementation, so that the results of change efforts to be the expected ones, but it is up to the leaders how they manage to implement researchers solutions in their organizations. This article presents that specific ways for Romanian managers, fitting with Romanian business environment. Implications This work leads to a better understanding of the key factors of the organizational changes implementation. The managers will have new perspectives to approach this matter and new solutions, in order to improve the change processes required by business.