bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS TEKNO-EKONOMI RANCANGAN JARINGAN FTTH GPON DI DAERAH KABUPATEN JEMBRANA DAN TABANAN
Authors: Nugraha Putra Bayu , Gunantara Nyoman , Diafari Djuni IGAK
Published: May 2024

In the context of fiber optic network implementation, the function of techno-economic analysis is to evaluate the costs and benefits of implementing fiber optic networks, as well as to determine the feasibility and success of the approaches to be compared in building and operating the network. Net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) are some of the methods commonly used by investors to quantitatively evaluate the potential for technology implementation and make informed decisions about whether the investment is worth making. Consider the number of interested parties and the availability of existing backbone network. In Jembrana Regency, the Gilimanuk cluster plan produces an NPV and IRR of IDR 431,608,386 and 24.27% respectively. Meanwhile, for Tabanan Regency, Plan Cluser Marga produces NPV and IRR of IDR 853,682,479 and 35.83% respectively.
Smart Sustainable Cities: a Meta-Analysis of Concepts and Discourses in the Literature
Authors: Castagna Annemarlen Gehrke , Strauhs Faimara do Rocio
Published: May 2024

Objective: Establish a descriptive correlation between different concepts of Smart and Sustainable Cities, in terms of theoretical and empirical foundations and assumptions.
 
Method: The analysis is mixed, using a Systematic Literature Review and the PSALSAR methodology - Protocol, Search, Appraisal, Syntesis, Analysis and Results. The searches were carried out on four international scientific databases and one national database, with an interdisciplinary focus, involving the areas of Social Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Computer Sciences, Engineering and Energy.
 
Research Significance: The idea of making cities smart and sustainable arises from looking for solutions in the places where the majority of the population is concentrated, along with the opportunities and threats to provide sustainable development. However, the concepts and structures relating to these cities are unclear, and there is still divergent discussion about which technologies have a positive impact on society and what their effects are on the sustainability of the planet.
 
Results and Discussion: The approaches and discourses are aligned with the concept of sustainable development, but implementation in practice depends on government policies. Several counterpoints were found in the discourses analysed, including the fact that smart cities are not necessarily sustainable, and even in cities labelled as smart and sustainable, the lack of an environmental focus was highlighted.
Vitamin D in kidney: a two-edged sword?
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics № 4 Bogomolets National Medical University, BURLAKA IEVGENIIA A. , MITYURYAYEVA INGA O. ,   Department of Pediatrics № 4 Bogomolets National Medical University
Published: May 2024

A wide variety of both calcium-dependent and calcium-non-dependent actions are attributed to the vitamin and hormone vitamin D. One of the most vital components of the human body, vitamin D is essential to both health and illness. It is a member of the fat-soluble secosteroid family, which is obtained from diets or direct sun exposure, which is what turns 7-hydroxycholesterol into the precursor of vitamin D. Bio-activation is an alternate phase that provides an active version of vitamin D that contributes to several notable processes like detoxification, fertility, glucose regulation, bone remodelling, and calcium regulation. Numerous research investigations examine the discernible function of vitamin D in kidney illness. The basic physiological and pathological roles of vitamin D in the kidneys of both diabetics and non-diabetics were examined in this study. In this study we analyzed a basic physiological and pathological roles of Vitamin D in kidney in terms of diabetic and non-diabetic proteinuric kidney diseases. Further research in this field is of high importance.
STRATEGI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU DALAM MEMBANGUN KARAKTER DAN MORALITAS PADA SISWA MELALUI SUSATRA HINDU
Authors: Adi Eko adi saputra
Published: May 2024

The young generation as agents of change in nation building needs basic guidelines in overcoming the negative effects of globalization. Technological developments which are growing very rapidly are able to show very significant changes in all aspects of life. Therefore, teachings are needed as a guide to behavior in an effort to build morality and good character, namely moral teachings. According to the Hindu religious view, morality is a reciprocal and harmonious behavior between human beings and the universe (environment) which is based on compassion, sincerity and compassion. Through Character and Morality Education at school is education that strives for good ethics, mutual respect and respect for differences between students and teachers at school. This research describes how Hindu literature strategies in building students' character and morals through Hindu religious education. The young generation or what is known as generation Z as agents of change in nation building need basic guidelines in overcoming the negative influences of globalization. Technological developments are able to show very significant changes in everything. aspect of life. Therefore, teachings are needed as a guide to behavior in an effort to build morality and good character, namely moral teachings. According to the Hindu religious view, morality is a reciprocal and harmonious behavior between human beings and the universe (environment) which is based on compassion, sincerity and affection between God's creatures.
GURU DALAM PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Sekarini Ni Made
Published: May 2024

In terms of providing reinforcement for character education, a strong foundation must be found to build aspects of character-strengthening. That’s why character education is crucial to develop at school.  The aim is to form a nation that is strong, competitive, has a noble character,  moral, tolerant, works together, has a patriotic spirit, develops dynamically, has science and technology-oriented, imbued with faith and devotion to God Almighty based on Pancasila. A tough national character is a reflection of a strong nation. Its implementation involves all educational centers, from the family environment, school environment and community environment. Globalization, progress in the world of education and advances in digital technology make the challenges of character education increasingly complex. Therefore, formal education at school should be outlined in the curriculum, carried out in all fields of study and implemented through appropriate learning methods that can provide space for character development every day so that it becomes a habit and becomes a culture. On the other hand, can not be avoided the important roles of the teachers in these circumstances. How the teachers take part in it, can be the point of the successful of the character education.
Key words: teacher, character education, globalization
Rankine Vortex Suppression Employing Shaped Drain Ports: Assessment Using a New Parameter
Authors: Prabhu Mahadev , Ajith Kumar R.
Published: May 2024

The phenomenon of vortexing is common in engineering applications but must be prevented due to its adverse effects on draining systems. Environmental disturbances often induce rotational motions in liquid propellants, leading to the formation of vortex air cores within the propellant tank. These air cores can impede the flow of propellants through the outlet, potentially compromising engine performance and jeopardizing mission success. The formation of air-core vortices can also induce cavitation problems in the feed pumps of propellant-draining systems. To address these challenges, researchers have designed innovative drain port geometries aimed at suppressing vortex formations. However, the lack of standardized metrics for evaluating vortexing hinders the comparison of findings across different studies. To overcome this issue, the present study formulates and proposes a novel parameter that integrates various parametric characterizations used in previous studies to assess vortexing. Upon analyzing the performance of different drain port shapes using this newly developed parameter, this study identifies cruciform drain ports with an aspect ratio of 3 as the most effective ones in suppressing vortexing. The current findings not only contribute to the data on vortex suppression strategies but also highlight the need for standardized metrics to evaluate vortexing.
Implications of Microplastic Pollution for the Conservation of Marine Protected Areas Authors
Authors: Carvajal Estefany , Di Perna Amanda , Duran Alain
Published: May 2024

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) function as a tool for the protection and conservation of marine ecosystems. These designated areas should be free of any environmentally harmful pollutants. Microplastics (MPs) are plastic fragments measuring less than 5 mm (about 0.2 in). These fragments are an emerging threat to our oceans, and we are investigating the effectiveness of MPAs against these pollutants. We analyzed data gathered from research conducted on microplastic concentrations in MPAs and non-MPAs around the world. 53 MPAs and 53 non-MPAs around the world were used and the microplastic concentrations were deemed low, medium, or high by using the classifications established by the researchers. The Marine Protection Atlas (MPATLAS), created by the Marine Conservation Institute, was used to identify the levels of protection of each MPA and confirm the size of the protected area. The population density of cities nearest to an MPA or non-MPA was obtained by dividing the city’s population by the total area. Microplastics were found in all 106 sites researched, including waters near Antarctica and the northern waters of Greenland. When compared to non-MPAs, MPAs showed a higher number of areas with a “high” or “medium” concentration of microplastics. This indicates that Marine Protected Areas are an inefficient conservation tool against microplastic pollution. Population density did not appear to have a relationship with microplastic concentrations in MPAs and non-MPAs. The prominence of microplastics in protected marine ecosystems highlights the urgency to uncover their effects and a way to combat these anthropogenic pollutants.
Using Geochemical Tracers to Determine Seasonal Inputs of Freshwater to a Coastal Estuary: Biscayne Bay, FL
Authors: Lara Melaney , Price Rene
Published: May 2024

Biscayne Bay is a coastal estuary that historically relied on rainfall and groundwater inputs from the karst Biscayne aquifer. The construction of major canals along the coastline has released point-source freshwater inputs into the bay, detrimentally affecting the Bay’s ecosystem balance. This project investigates the proportional inputs of freshwater between the wet and dry seasons in Deering Estate, adjacent to Biscayne Bay. The objective of this project was accomplished by analyzing the water chemistry of the bay using naturally occurring geochemical tracers. Water sampling occurred from May to August (wet season 2022) and January to March (dry season 2023); at an inland freshwater spring and on Biscayne Bay. Water samples were analyzed for δ18O and δ2H values, and Sr2+/Ca2+ ratios as geochemical tracers. The highest and lowest salinity values observed in the wet and dry seasons, at both the freshwater spring and Biscayne Bay sites, were before and after a major rain event, respectively. The chemical analysis supports that rain is the dominant source of freshwater input into the bay at our sampling location, and the freshwater spring is dominated by groundwater and canal water during the wet season. During the dry season, groundwater and canal water are the dominant source for the sampling location in Biscayne Bay and the dominant source of freshwater input for the freshwater spring. However, all three endmembers contribute seasonally. Understanding freshwater inputs to this crucial estuary will provide important information for current restoration efforts of Biscayne Bay, specifically around the Deering Estate area.
A Comparative Political Analysis of Finland and Belarus Based on the 2022 World Happiness Report
Authors: Tsapenko Anastasiya
Published: May 2024

This analysis is in the field of Political Science, specifically Comparative Politics. This paper analyzes the scores of two countries Finland and Belarus on the 2022 World Happiness Report. Finland, known as the happiest country in the world is highly esteemed as a leader in democracy, healthcare, and education, and ranks number 1 on the World Happiness Report with a score of 7.821. Belarus*, a former Soviet Republic famously known for its lack of free and fair elections, ranks number 65 with a score of 5.821 (Helliwell et al., 2022). According to the report, the asterisk near Belarus signifies that the ranking is based on survey reports from 2019, and not from 2020 or 2021 (Helliwell et al., 2022). This analysis explains the gap between the two countries and identifies factors responsible for the stark differences between the scores. Several factors identified that explained the differences in the scores were related to politics, such as formal political institutions (political structure within both countries), political informal institutions (political culture), election processes (validity of elections), and the presence of a steady modern democracy or lack thereof, determined by the presence of four requirements. Another important factor identified was economic performance and the presence or lack of economic stability. This paper concludes that although Belarus presents itself as a democracy, the country does not in fact qualify as a modern democracy because of its inability to pass the requirements of a modern democracy.
Purification of Recombinant E. Coli Topoisomerase III for Structure-Based Drug Design Using Protein Crystallization
Authors: Perez Rodriguez Miguel , Tse-Dinh Yuk-Ching
Published: May 2024

Type IA Topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes found throughout all life forms and species. These topoisomerases relieve the topographical constrains formed by DNA during processes like replication and transcription via a cleavage-religation mechanism performed through a catalytically active tyrosine residue in the primary structure of the enzyme. E. coli Topoisomerase III (EtopIII) is a type of Type IA topoisomerase, and its main function in the cell is as a decatenase, which means that it unlinks circular or intertwined pieces of genetic material and creates two unlinked segments of DNA from a singular linked chain. Structure-based determination of the enzyme’s three-dimensional structure via crystallization could be beneficial in finding a novel antibiotic drug that is able to inhibit this enzyme in vivo, a solution that is sorely needed in a world where antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an ever-growing problem. The crystallization of the enzyme can be undertaken by truncating a part of the C-terminal of the enzyme that makes it harder for it to crystallize and introduce a DNA/RNA ligand to observe its binding interactions with said substrate. For this to happen, the truncated recombinant mutant must be purified and concentrated to desirable levels for crystallization. The results of the experiment show that out of 4L of bacterial starting culture, a total of 34.57 mg of protein was able to be purified. This protein was then sent for crystallization experiments, of which results are still pending, but preliminary results indicate that the protein quickly aggregates in one of the RNA ligand conditions, which elicits a change in protocol for future purifications. Furthermore, results from a relaxation assay indicate that the protein exhibits some relaxation activity even after the truncation of the C-terminal chain. These results could expand the knowledge of this enzyme for future structure-based drug development.
Infecções por SARS-CoV-2 de transmissão hospitalar em um serviço de trauma
Authors: Lima Carlos Vinicius Moreira , Moreira Jordana Rodrigues , Nascimento Manoel Mateus Xavier do , Brito Maria Luiza Peixoto , Vidal Eglídia Carla Figueiredo , Sampaio Luis Rafael Leite , Pinheiro Woneska Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico das infecções por SARS-CoV-2 de transmissão hospitalar ocorridas em um serviço de trauma. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa realizado com prontuários de pacientes vítimas de trauma e com infecções por SARS-CoV-2 de transmissão hospitalar entre junho de 2020 e junho de 2021, utilizando 56 prontuários. Realizou-se análise estatística através do software Statistical Package of Social Sciences. Resultados: Houve predomínio dos acidentes com motocicletas (35,7%), queda da própria altura (17,9%), associando-se aos critérios IRAS 1 e 2, respectivamente (p-valor = 0,027). A maioria dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, negros, autônomos e residentes no município de Fortaleza. Idosos foram mais suscetíveis ao contágio segundo critério 2 (p=0,012). Conclusão: A transmissão hospitalar de COVID-19 é uma realidade dentro dos serviços de trauma, necessitando de estratégias para redução do risco de surtos. Destaca-se a importância do estabelecimento de estratégias de saúde pública que identifiquem as mudanças nos perfis das pessoas consideradas de alto risco para a COVID-19.
Atenção em saúde mental dentro de uma unidade básica de saúde do Distrito Federal
Authors: Ramos Willamis Tenório , Praxedes Thayná Oliveira , Lima Paulo Autran Leite , Oliveira Claudia Suely Cavalcante de , Costa Ester Porto Dias , Motta Amanda Chelski da , Pires Gabriela da Silva , Trifoni Dayana Natalia , Portela Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Freitas Carla Kalline Alves Cartaxo
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência  no processo de construção, desenvolvimento e execução de um projeto aplicativo intitulado - sala de espera, cujo objetivo foi desenvolver um conjunto de ações de educação em saúde mental realizadas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) na região do Distrito Federal. Relato de experiência: Ao todo  foram planejados e executados 09 encontros, abordando as temáticas: “O que é saúde mental”; “Rede de Atenção Psicossocial”; “Autocuidado”; “Exercício Físico”; “Redes sociais e comparações”; “Medicações psiquiátricas”; “Alimentação”; “Organização da rotina com higiene do sono/descanso” e “Transtornos mentais comuns”. Todas as etapas desse relato ocorreram entre os meses de outubro a dezembro de 2023. Considerações finais: Considera-se que o projeto desenvolvido  possibilitou uma quebra no modelo assistencial de cuidado em saúde mental prestado aos usuários desta UBS, à medida que ampliou os espaços de diálogo de modo a fomentar o protagonismo dos usuários nos cuidados que dizem respeito  à própria saúde mental.
Application of Lean Six Sigma in Dermatology Practice
Authors: Nguyen Kaycee , Dhaliwal Parneet , Cockerell Clay
Published: May 2024

The Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology integrates two quality improvement techniques to enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and improve the quality of processes and products within an organization. While it has found application in various healthcare settings, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no literature addressing its utilization in a community dermatology clinic. This study aimed to identify efficiency issues within a local dermatology clinic and implement targeted strategies to bolster collaboration, streamline processes, reduce wait times, augment patient volume, and enhance clinical outcomes and the quality of care. Five areas for improvement were identified: the building complex, front office, EMA system, medical assistants, and general improvements. The executed changes effectively standardized multiple processes, mitigated the potential for errors, and minimized task duration. These findings underscore the efficacy of LSS as a potent tool for enhancing efficiency and reducing waste. Efforts should be directed toward the incorporation of LSS techniques for quality improvement within healthcare systems, both internally and across interconnected entities.
Uncle Charlie: Dennie-Morgan Lines
Authors: Del Pozo Domenica
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Acquired Congenial Malalignment of the Great Toenails: A Case Series
Authors: Lapides Rebecca , Porter Hannah , Chacko Rachael , Davis Matthew , Barker Julia , Pierson Joseph , Chapman Shane
Published: May 2024

Congenital malalignment of the great toenail is a dystrophic disorder that is characterized by lateral deviation of the nail plates. It is usually present at birth and diagnosed very early in life. Late onset of this condition, often referred to as, “acquired,” is very uncommon. Mechanical stress and repeated microtraumas to the nail can cause complications that can worsen the appearance of the nail and make the condition more obvious in older individuals, however, there are other triggers for this condition as well, such as drugs that can cause nail changes. Properly diagnosing this condition can prevent patients from undergoing unnecessary treatments and also facilitate the efficient initiation of the correct treatment in patients. Here, we discuss 3 cases of acquired congenital malalignment of the great toenail in patients during their 5th, 8th, and 7th decades of life.
Stereoscopic fundus photograph, optical coherence tomography features, and fundus autofluorescence in a focal combined retinal and choroidal coloboma
Authors: de Araújo Victor Andrade , Moreira Pedro Gomes , Ferreira Bruno Fortaleza de Aquino
Published: May 2024

Chorioretinal coloboma is a rare condition caused by incomplete closure of the embryonic fissure. We report a case of a 34 years old with a unilateral retinal and choroidal coloboma in the right eye, highlighting the use of stereoscopic fundus photograph, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence. Regular eye examinations are crucial to detect changes in patients with a higher retinal tear and retinal detachment risk.
The Entrainment of Task Allocation and Release Cycles in Open Source Software Development
Authors: Lindberg Aron , Schecter Aaron , Berente Nicholas , Hennel Phil , Lyytinen Kalle
Published: May 2024

In this study we identify a process of “entrainment” around open source software (OSS) development release cycles to capture patterns of self-organized task allocation among developers. We conducted an abductive, computationally intensive study of eight OSS projects, using relational event modeling to analyze 1,169,489 actions covering 93 major software releases. The process of entrainment that we identify involves three task allocation mechanisms: (1) developer-issue inertia, (2) developer contribution frequency, and (3) issue popularity. Our analysis demonstrates that these mechanisms and the phases of the release cycle entrain each other. Before a major release, developers engage in a concentrated mobilization phase, whereby they democratize development activity and increasingly allocate community contributions to the set of issues related to the release. After a major release, the extended cleanup phase garners a greater share of development work from recently highly active developers and dilutes the activity of these developers across a wider range of issues. Our theorizing suggests that major releases constitute important events around which OSS communities self-organize and we characterize how this occurs. Our research contributes to theorizing on organizing in OSS communities by explaining how self-organizing task allocation interacts with release cycles through the mechanism of entrainment. We also contribute to the literature on entrainment by showing how it may unfold in the context of online peer production communities such as OSS.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking-based systemic approach to investigate the mechanism and molecular targets of phloridzin against Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Nambiyar Aiswarya G. , Durairaj Brindha
Published: May 2024

To explore the potential targets of phloridzin against Alzheimer's disease using network pharmacology and bioinformatic approach, Phloridzin's target genes have been retrieved from public databases (PharmMapper, Swiss Target Prediction, Targetnet and SuperPred). Alzheimer's disease targets were retrieved from Genecards and DisGeNet, a disease database. Using STRING and Cytoscape, protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) were generated and hub genes were found using topological analysis and MCODE. Target protein annotation was done using functional enrichment analysis from the Kyoto Encyclopedia and Genome Database (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). The Discovery studio visualizer was used to further visualize the molecular docking of phloridzin with the hub genes using Autodock tools. Phloridzin's efficacy in treating Alzheimer's has been associated with thirty-eight targets. GSR, GAPDH, ACE, NOS3, HMOX1, GSK3B, ESR1, MAPK1, BACE1 and PPARG were key targets. 500 biological processes (BP), 65 cellular components (CC) and 142 molecular functions (MF) were identified from the results of the GO functional enrichment analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis discovered 117 signaling pathways (P<0.05) including highly enriched pathways like the "AGE-RAGE signaling pathway" and the "HIF-1 signaling pathway". Molecular docking of phloridzin with hub genes revealed a highly stable structure with lower binding affinity values. Phloridzin can regulate various signaling pathways and have a therapeutic effect against AD.
Enumeration, Identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) root for ethanol production
Authors: Srivastava Sweta , Pathak A.D. , Mall A.K. , Singh Rachana
Published: May 2024

The bioethanol production from sugar beet is regulated by endophytic bacteria. Thus, the present investigation is aimed to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from different varieties of sugar beet roots. The presence of specific bacteria in sugar beet roots plays vital role in bioethanol production. The ability to produce bioethanol through fermentation with the help of various microbes present in roots was studied in different varieties of sugar beet at Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow sub tropical regions of India. A total of 16 microbial isolates comprising of 12 bacterial and 4 fungal strains were studied for their potential to produce bioethanol from sugar beet root. Among them only 2 bacteria were more effective as fermenting agents. These isolated endophytic bacteria were characterised by molecular sequencing and were identified as Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter cloacae. These isolates may also act as a good alternative agent for the bioethanol production.
Biophysical profiling and in vitro study of apocarotenoids with calf thymus DNA to explore their efficacy in adjuvant cancer therapy
Authors: Jill Elsa Mathew J.E. , Siva Ramamoorthy
Published: May 2024

DNA is one of the important targets for therapeutic drugs. Investigating the interaction between these drug molecules and DNA yields valuable insights for the further advancement of medication formulations. In this study, we explore the interaction between calf thymus-DNA and temozolomide with apocarotenoids such as bixin and crocin, which are known for their therapeutic activities. The combinatory effect of the compounds on ct-DNA was studied through diverse spectroscopic methods including UV-visible, circular dichroism studies coupled with viscosity and cell cycle analysis. UV-visible spectroscopy evaluation indicates that apocarotenoids and the temozolomide combination display a non-intercalative binding mechanism. The circular dichroism study revealed that the interaction between DNA and apocarotenoids, as well as their combinations with temozolomide, did not present any significant alterations in the structure of DNA suggesting a possible groove binding interaction. The viscosity analyses verified that ct-DNA interacts with apocarotenoids along with their temozolomide combination through a groove-binding mechanism. This study offers a more comprehensive understanding of the potential mechanism of interaction between ct-DNA and natural compounds with the addition of temozolomide.
Standardisation of an efficient RNA isolation protocol from the seeds of Momordica charantia var. muricata (Willd.): A Comparative Evaluation
Authors: Saranya P.K. , Suhara Beevy S.
Published: May 2024

Extraction of high-quality total RNA from Momordica charantia var. muricata seeds is difficult due to the presence of polyphenolic and polysaccharide compounds which bind to nucleic acids and thus they co-precipitate and contaminate the RNA samples. The current study aimed to find out a reliable and reproducible RNA extraction method for obtaining good-quality RNA from the seeds of Momordica charantia var. muricata (Willd). The RNA was isolated from seed tissues with four different extraction protocols including the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method, TRIzol (Invitrogen) method, GenElute™ total RNA purification kit (Sigma-Aldrich) and Plant RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen). The Qiagen RNeasy plant mini kit was the most efficient extraction method providing the highest RNA yield and good quality. The method successfully enhanced the yield of RNA to 923.27 ± 58.64 ng/μl and electrophoresis revealed two distinct bright 28S and 18S rRNA bands and spectrophotometric quantification detected A260/ A280 ratio of 2.04±0.01 within the desired range of 1.8-2. To verify that the RNA quality obtained was appropriate for downstream molecular applications, the isolated RNA samples were converted into cDNA and PCR amplification of the cDNA was performed using a housekeeping gene (Actin 7) and a dormancy-specific gene (DOG1). The current investigation reports on a method for isolating high-quality RNA from M. charantia var. muricata seeds for future dormancy gene expression studies.
Genetic association of TGFβ1 polymorphisms with Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Deepeesh Vijayan , Durai Saravanan
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is the major cause of dementia, characterized by symptoms such as memory impairment and emotional disturbances. The association of TGFβ1 SNPs with Alzheimer’s disease has been reported in various studies but conflicting results were obtained worldwide. Hence, we have performed a meta-analysis of three SNPs in relationship with Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility. Several bibliographies were screened to identify the eligible studies upto July 2023. The published literature search for relevant studies was conducted in NCBI-PubMed, Google scholar and Cochrane library databases. Thirteen studies were selected based on our inclusion criteria. Finally, total 4584 Alzheimer’s disease subjects and 14174 controls were included in TGFβ1 gene meta-analysis. Among the analyzed (rs1800468, rs1800469 and rs9282871) SNPs, significant association was obtained for rs9282871 polymorphism with Alzheimer’s disease under four genetic models respectively. The stratification based on subgroups by ethnic descents was not executed due to less number of studies from African and Asian ethnic populations. Further extensive studies based on genetic and functional aspects of TGFβ1 gene are required to elucidate Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis.
Precision Molecular Engineering of Miniaturized Near-Infrared Fluorophores
Authors: Huang Rongrong , Qiao Qinglong , Shen Tianruo , Wu Xia , Wang Chao , Ding Nannan , Chi Weijie , Sun Huaming , Xu Zhaochao , Fang Yu , Liu Xiaogang
Published: May 2024

Organic fluorophores with near-infrared (NIR) emissions and reduced molecular weights are crucial for advancing bioimaging and biosensing technologies. Traditional methods, such as conjugation expansion and heteroatom engineering, often fail to reduce fluorophore size without sacrificing NIR emission properties. Addressing this challenge, our study utilized computational screening and structure-property relationship analysis to establish comprehensive design principles for compact, single-benzene-based NIR fluorophores. These newly developed fluorophores not only exhibit emissions above 700 nm but also maintain molecular weights under 200 g/mol, approximately 25% of that of Cy7. Additionally, they display unique environmental sensitivity—non-emissive in aqueous solutions but highly emissive in lipid environments. This property significantly enhances their utility in live cell imaging by enabling wash-free applications. Our findings mark a substantial breakthrough in fluorophore engineering, paving the way for more efficient and adaptable imaging methodologies.
Ice templating water-stable macroporous polysaccharide hydrogels to mimic plant stems
Authors: Komiyama Katsuya , Allard Maya , Eschenbrenner Corentin , Sicard Clémence , Hamraoui Ahmed , Fernandes Francisco
Published: May 2024

Water-stable macroporous hydrogels, inspired by the structural and chemical characteristics of plant stems are expected to open a wide range of possibilities in soft materials for passive liquid transport. However, obtaining efficient materials for these applications still poses a major challenge due to the complexity of shaping hydrogels at the relevant scale-length. Here, water-stable macroporous hydrogels were fabricated using alginate and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose via a new approach involving ice templating and topotactic ion-crosslinking with Ca2+. This approach allows to fully avoid the energy-intensive lyophilization process and results in composite hydrogels with pore sizes akin to those found in celery xylem, a model we chose for plant stems. Importantly, the pore size could be tailored by adjusting both the ice-growth velocities and the ratios of alginate to oxidized cellulose. The resulting hydrogels displayed remarkable water stability along with viscoelastic properties and wettability that depend on the alginate and oxidized cellulose ratios. Mechanical properties, such as compression stress and toughness, consistently increased with higher alginate contents. In addition, liquid transport measurements on crosslinked hydrogels with varying compositions and ice growth velocities revealed comparable rising speeds to those observed in celery, confirming the ability of polysaccharide-based hydrogels obtained by ice templating and topotactic crosslinking as relevant materials to mimic the function of plant stems.
Molecular Shuttles with a Photoresponsive Macrocycle: Investigating Interactions and Operation within Lipid Membranes
Authors: Conthagamage Udyogi N. K. , Rajeshwar Rajitha T. , Akthar Nasim , Davis Macallister Lauren , Jayawardana Senuri G. , Lopez Lilia , Smith Jeremy , Smith Micholas Dean , García-López Víctor
Published: May 2024

Rotaxane-based molecular shuttles using their motion to move cargo within lipid bilayers could be used to position probes and actuators at specific membrane regions, enabling new ways to study and modulate biological and artificial membranes. As an initial step towards that goal, we designed a rotaxane whose ring is decorated with two azobenzene photoswitches. We investigated its operation in solution and within lipid bilayers of large unilamellar vesicles. In solution, two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy showed that the photoswitches can be stochastically shuttled along the axle at 0.114 Hz. Remarkably, the azobenzene units retain their photoreversibility and fatigue resistance when integrated into the rotaxane. Moreover, a 55% increase in the hydrodynamic radius (RH) of the vesicles was induced by consecutive cycles of azobenzene photoswitching at a 10 mol% concentration of rotaxane. Initial molecular dynamic simulations suggest water accumulates near the rotaxanes in the bilayer. Therefore, it is plausible that continuous rearrangement of the lipid packing induced by each azobenzene photoisomerization could facilitate further water penetration and vesicle swelling. However, other mechanisms could also contribute to the increase in RH. Future large-scale simulations and complementary experimental techniques will offer a better understanding of the observed phenomenon and determine if shuttling occurs within the bilayer. Our findings provide new insights into the interaction of rotaxanes with the surrounding lipids and their impact on membrane properties, aiding in developing systems for precise manipulation of lipid membranes for applications in biomedicine and bioengineering.
Sub-Picosecond Photodynamics of Small Neutral Copper Oxide Clusters
Authors: Rotteger Chase , Jarman Carter , Sobol Madison , Sutton Shaun , Sayres Scott
Published: May 2024

The ultrafast dynamics of neutral copper oxide clusters (CnOx, n < 5) are reported using femtosecond pump probe spectroscopy in the gas phase. The transient spectra recorded for each cluster demonstrates they relax on a 100s of fs timescale followed by a long-lived (>50 ps) response. Density functional theory calculations are performed to determine the lowest energy structures and spin states. Topological descripters for the excited states are calculated (time-dependent density functional theory) to relate the measured excited state dynamics to changes in the cluster’s electronic structure with increasing oxidation. Strong field ionization is demonstrated here to be a soft form of ionization and able to record transient signals for clusters previously determined to be unstable to nanosecond multiphoton ionization. The relative cluster stability is further demonstrated by signal enhancement/depreciation that is recorded through the synergy from the two laser pulses. Once the oxygen atoms exceed the number of copper atoms, a weakly bound superoxide O2 unit forms, exhibiting a higher spin state. All clusters that are not in the lowest spin configuration demonstrate fragmentation.
Thiourea-based Rotaxanes Transport Anions across Membranes of Different Fluidity
Authors: Akhtar Nasim , Conthagamage Udyogi N. K. , Davis Macallister L. , García-López Víctor
Published: May 2024

We report the synthesis of two rotaxanes (1 and 2) whose rings have appended thiourea units for the selective recognition of Cl− anions. Two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy indicates the ring can shuttle much faster within rotaxanes featuring an axle similar to the one in 1 than in 2 when investigated in solution. Furthermore, rotaxane 1 transports Cl− anions across lipid bilayers more efficiently than 2, exhibiting EC50 values of 0.76 µM versus 2.30 µM respectively, which might be related to the difference in the shuttling rate. Moreover, control rotaxane (3) without the thiourea units and the individual axle (4) also showed Cl− transport, although with a much lower efficiency (EC50 values of 12.64 µM and 15.58 µM). Thus, it is plausible that in addition to shuttling, other pathways, such as a relay process, might contribute to the observed anion transport of 1 and 2. Our studies also suggest that rotaxane 1 could behave as a Cl−/NO3− antiport. Additionally, the transport activity 1 is significantly influenced by the membrane composition, exhibiting higher transport in membranes with higher fluidity. Our study provides new insights into the structural features of rotaxanes required for efficient anion transport and a better understanding of their functioning in different membranes. This will help in developing future rotaxane-based transporters for applications in biomedicine and bioengineering, purification technologies, and energy storage and conversion devices.
Triple acquisition mass spectrometry (TRAM) combining targeted and non-targeted metabolomics in a single run
Authors: Panzenboeck Lisa , Schoeny Harald , Stelzer Bruno , Foels Elisabeth , Glas Marvin , Pühringer Marlene , Hirschmann Dorian , Loetsch Daniela , Dorfer Christian , Rampler Evelyn , Koellensperger Gunda
Published: May 2024

We introduce TRAM, a triple acquisition strategy on high-speed, time-of-flight mass spectrometry for merging non-targeted and targeted metabolomics into one run. TRAM stands for “quasi-simultaneous” acquisition of (1) a full scan MS1, (2) top 30 data-dependent MS2 (DDA), and (3) targeted scheduled MS2 for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) within measurement cycles of ~ 1 second. TRAM combines the selectivity and sensitivity of state-of-the-art targeted MRM-based methods with the full scope of non-targeted analysis enabled by high-resolution mass spectrometry. In this work, we deploy a workflow based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). For a broad panel of metabolites, we provide chromatographic retention times, and opti-mized conditions as a basis for targeted MRM experiments, listing accurate masses and sum formulas for fragment ions (including fully 13C labelled analogs). Validation experiments showed that TRAM offered (1) linear working ranges and limits of quantifica-tion comparable to MRM-only methods, (2) enabled accurate quantification in SRM 1950 human plasma reference material, and (3) was equivalent to DDA-only approaches in non-targeted metabolomics. Metabolomics in human cerebrospinal fluid showcased the power of the strategy, emphasizing the need for high coverage/high throughput metabolomics in clinical studies. Acquiring up to 30 data-dependent spectra per MS cycle while still offering gold-standard absolute quantification, TRAM allows in-depth pro-filing and reduces required sample volume, time, cost, and environmental impact.
Sparring with Femininity
Authors: Balazs Emma , Koch Jordan
Published: May 2024

This ethnography explores how a group of adolescents—predominantly girls—negotiated a sport-for-development program centred on the traditionally masculine pastime of mixed martial arts (MMA). The ethnographic setting was a youth centre in central Montréal that provides free after-school programming for youths aged 11 to 18 years. Our analysis yielded three prominent themes: 1) ‘girls don’t do MMA,’ in which we discovered how young female pugilists actively challenged residual stereotypes that cast them as ‘too soft’ to play violent sports such as MMA; 2) ‘a mixed bag of martial artists,’ in which we learned how local youths conceived MMA as a vehicle for supporting innovative agendas that extended well-beyond the sport of MMA; and 3) the ‘racialization of self-defence,’ in which we witnessed how self-defence against complex social realities (profiling and marginalization) experienced by many non-white youths in the area were integrated into the teachings of the MMA program. Collectively, these themes raise important questions about the socially significant role(s) that MMA plays in the lives of local youths with respect to their race, class, and gendered identities.
A Cross-Sectional, Survey-Based Study of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in the Canadian Indoor Climbing Community
Authors: Wigfield Daniel , Acai Anita
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study sought to offer insights into the demographics of the Canadian climbing community, as well as the perceived motivators and constraints to participating in climbing through an equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) lens.
Approach: This cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted in partnership with Climbing Escalade Canada (CEC), the national governing body of climbing in Canada.
Findings: The average respondent in this study was white, heterosexual, young, highly educated and living in a household that earns over $100,000 annually. Social motivations were noted as a significant motivator for climbers—especially for women. Women, gender minorities, and racialized people all faced heightened constraints to participate in climbing. 
Implications: The findings of this study provide valuable insights for program and policy improvement across the Canadian climbing community, which can lead to sustaining the rapid rise in popularity taking place in the sport
Research Contributions: With the exception of one recent study, much of the research investigating EDI in climbing has focused almost exclusively on gender and has been conducted outside of Canada. Future work within the sport of climbing can focus on improving the accessibility to climbing, as well as the overall sense of inclusion and diversity within the sport.
Analisis Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Rehospitalisasi Pasien Gagal Jantung Kongestif
Authors: Khasanah Suci , Susanto Amin , Rudiati Rudiati
Published: May 2024

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) merupakan penyakit progresif, yang karenanya dapat menyebabkan rehospitalisasi. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian rehospitalisasi pasien CHF di Rumah Sakit Islam Banjarnegara. Desain penelitian korelasional. Pengumpulan data dengan MMAS-8 untuk kepatuhan minum obat, DSR-SCB untuk kepatuhan diet rendah garam dan study dokumetasi rekam medik untuk mengetahui riwayat hipertensi, usia, jenis keamin, tingkat pendidikan, derajat CHF, dan komorbid. Populasi seluruh pasien CHF yang sedang dirawat. Besar sampel 30 responden yang diambil dengan teknik concecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian dengan uji korelasi Somers’d : hubungan riwayat hipertensi, kepatuhan minum obat, kepatuhan diet rendah garam dengan rehospitalisasi didapatkan hasil masing-masing ρ value : 0.032 r -0.200; ρ value : 0.032 r -0.200; ρ value : 0.021 r -0.25. Hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan, derajat CHF dan komorbid, didapatkan hasil masing-masing ρ value : 0.803 r -0.042; ρ value : 0.273 r -0.01; ρ value : 0.490 r -0.080; ρ value : 0.524 r -0.058; ρ value : 0.934 r 0.012; ρ value : 0.165 r -0.42; Kesimpulan ada hubungan antara riwayat hipertensi, kepatuhan minum obat, dan kepatuhan diet rendah garam terhadap kejadian rehospitalisasi di RSI Banjarnegara.
Strategi Kontrol Gula Darah dengan Theory of Planned Behaviour pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Stabelan
Authors: Sakitri Ganik , Kusuma Astuti Ratna
Published: May 2024

Diabetes Mellitus merupakan penyakit yang bisa dikontrol karena hampir 90% berkaitan dengan gaya hidup yang tidak sehat. Penderita mampu hidup sehat bersama Diabetes Milletus, asalkan patuh dan kontrol secara teratur. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya komplikasi kronis pada Diabetes Milletus adalah dengan kontrol gula darah. Strategi kontrol gula darah dapat diberikan kepada pasien melalui metode edukasi berlandaskan Theory of Planned Behaviour. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat efektifitas edukasi dengan Theory of Planned Behaviour dalam mengontrol kadar gula darah pasien Diabetes Milletus tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasy eksperimen dengan pretest postest with control group desain. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 73 pasien yang melakukan pemeriksaan di Puskesmas Stabelan Surakarta. Tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan consequtive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 responden yang terbagi menjadi 15 kelompok kontrol dan 15 kelompok intervensi. Hasil penelitian setelah dilakukan uji statistic dengan Independent Sample T-test diperoleh nilai p=0,043. Nilai p< 0,05, menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang siginifikan kadar gula darah pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi. Sehigga dapat disimpulkan bahwa edukasi dengan Theory of Planned Behaviour efektif dalam mengontrol kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe 2.