bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis in France: A National Survey among Vascular Disease and Supportive Care Specialists
Authors: Mahé Isabelle , Chapelle Céline , Plaisance Ludovic , Bertoletti Laurent , Mismetti Patrick , Mayeur Didier , Mahé Guillaume , Couturaud Francis
Published: August 2022

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are recommended by international guidelines for at least 6 months in patients with cancer-associated thromboembolism (CAT). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been proposed as an alternative to LMWH. In clinical practice, the specialists in charge of CAT have to decide which anticoagulant to prescribe. An electronic survey tool, including vignettes and questions, was sent to members of the French Society of Vascular Medicine, the French-speaking association for supportive care in oncology and the Investigation Network On Venous Thrombo-Embolism. Among the 376 respondents, LMWHs were reported as the first choice by most specialists. The prescription of DOACs within the first 3 weeks of CAT diagnosis was highly dependent on the cancer site: 5.9%, 18.6% and 24.5% in patients with locally advanced colorectal, lung and breast cancer, respectively. The determinants were mostly related to cancer (site and stage or evolution) and to anticancer treatments. For 61% of physicians, some anticancer treatments were contraindications to DOACs. However, almost 90% of physicians considered switching to DOAC after a median 3-month period of LMWHs. In daily practice, LMWHs and DOACs are now considered by specialists of CAT; the decision is mostly driven by the site of cancer. The role of anticancer treatments in the decision remains to be investigated.
Prognostic Value of Copy Number Alteration Burden in Early-Stage Breast Cancer and the Construction of an 11-Gene Copy Number Alteration Model
Authors: Wang Dingyuan , Gao Songlin , Qian Haili , Yuan Peng , Zhang Bailin
Published: August 2022

The increasing burden of breast cancer has prompted a wide range of researchers to search for new prognostic markers. Considering that tumor mutation burden (TMB) is low and copy number alteration burden (CNAB) is high in breast cancer, we built a CNAB-based model using a public database and validated it with a Chinese population. We collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 31 breast cancer patients who were treated between 2010 and 2014 at the National Cancer Center (CICAMS). METABRIC and TCGA data were downloaded via cBioPortal. In total, 2295 patients with early-stage breast cancer were enrolled in the study, including 1427 in the METABRIC cohort, 837 in the TCGA cohort, and 31 in the CICAMS cohort. Based on the ROC curve, we consider 2.2 CNA/MBp as the threshold for the CNAB-high and CNAB-low groupings. In both the TCGA cohort and the CICAMS cohort, CNAB-high had a worse prognosis than CNAB-low. We further simplified this model by establishing a prognostic nomogram for early breast cancer patients by 11 core genes, and this nomogram was highly effective in both the TCGA cohort and the CICAMS cohort. We hope that this model will subsequently help clinicians with prognostic assessments.
Lung Cancer Recurrence Risk Prediction through Integrated Deep Learning Evaluation
Authors: Huang Peng , Illei Peter B. , Franklin Wilbur , Wu Pei-Hsun , Forde Patrick M. , Ashrafinia Saeed , Hu Chen , Khan Hamza , Vadvala Harshna V. , Shih Ie-Ming , Battafarano Richard J. , Jacobs Michael A. , Kong Xiangrong , Lewis Justine , Yan Rongkai , Chen Yun , Housseau Franck , Rahmim Arman , Fishman Elliot K. , Ettinger David S. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Wirtz Denis , Brock Malcolm V. , Lam Stephen , Gabrielson Edward
Published: August 2022

Background: Prognostic risk factors for completely resected stage IA non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) have advanced minimally over recent decades. Although several biomarkers have been found to be associated with cancer recurrence, their added value to TNM staging and tumor grade are unclear. Methods: Features of preoperative low-dose CT image and histologic findings of hematoxylin- and eosin-stained tissue sections of resected lung tumor specimens were extracted from 182 stage IA NSCLC patients in the National Lung Screening Trial. These features were combined to predict the risk of tumor recurrence or progression through integrated deep learning evaluation (IDLE). Added values of IDLE to TNM staging and tumor grade in progression risk prediction and risk stratification were evaluated. Results: The 5-year AUC of IDLE was 0.817 ± 0.037 as compared to the AUC = 0.561 ± 0.042 and 0.573 ± 0.044 from the TNM stage and tumor grade, respectively. The IDLE score was significantly associated with cancer recurrence (p < 0.0001) even after adjusting for TNM staging and tumor grade. Synergy between chest CT image markers and histological markers was the driving force of the deep learning algorithm to produce a stronger prognostic predictor. Conclusions: Integrating markers from preoperative CT images and pathologist’s readings of resected lung specimens through deep learning can improve risk stratification of stage 1A NSCLC patients over TNM staging and tumor grade alone. Our study suggests that combining markers from nonoverlapping platforms can increase the cancer risk prediction accuracy.
Hypermethylation of PRKCZ Regulated by E6 Inhibits Invasion and EMT via Cdc42 in HPV-Related Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hao-Fan , Jiang Jian , Wu Jia-Shun , Zhang Mei , Pang Xin , Dai Li , Tang Ya-Ling , Liang Xin-Hua
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To study the role of target genes with aberrant DNA methylation in HPV+ HNSCC. Methods: A HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array (Illumina) was used to identify differentially methylated genes. CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and cell invasion assays were conducted to analyze the biological roles of PRKCZ. Western blot, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and animal studies were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the functions of PRKCZ. Results: We selected PRKCZ, which is associated with HPV infection, as our target gene. PRKCZ was hypermethylated in HPV+ HNSCC patients, and PRKCZ methylation status was negatively related to the pathological grading of HNSCC patients. Silencing PRKCZ inhibited the malignant capacity of HPV+ HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, HPV might promote DNMT1 expression via E6 to increase PRKCZ methylation. Cdc42 was required for the PRKCZ-mediated mechanism of action, contributing to the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HPV+ HNSCC cells. In addition, blocking PRKCZ delayed tumor growth in HPV16-E6/E7 transgenic mice. Cdc42 expression was decreased, whereas E-cadherin levels increased. Conclusion: We suggest that PRKCZ hypermethylation induces EMT via Cdc42 to act as a potent tumor promoter in HPV+ HNSCC.
Identification of Fusion Genes and Targets for Genetically Matched Therapies in a Large Cohort of Salivary Gland Cancer Patients
Authors: Lassche Gerben , van Helvert Sjoerd , Eijkelenboom Astrid , Tjan Martijn J. H. , Jansen Erik A. M. , van Cleef Patricia H. J. , Verhaegh Gerald W. , Kamping Eveline J. , Grünberg Katrien , van Engen-van Grunsven Adriana C. H. , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J. L. , van Herpen Carla M. L.
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Salivary gland cancer (SGC) is a rare cancer for which systemic treatment options are limited. Therefore, it is important to characterize its genetic landscape in search for actionable aberrations, such as NTRK gene fusions. This research aimed to identify these actionable aberrations by combining NGS-based analysis of RNA (gene fusions) and DNA (single and multiple nucleotide variants, copy number variants, microsatellite instability and tumor mutational burden) in a large cohort of SGC patients. Methods: RNA and DNA were extracted from archival tissue of 121 patients with various SGC subtypes. Gene fusion analysis was performed using a customized RNA-based targeted NGS panel. DNA was sequenced using a targeted NGS panel encompassing 523 cancer-related genes. Cross-validation of NGS-based NTRK fusion detection and pan-TRK immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. Results: Fusion transcripts were detected in 50% of the cases and included both known (MYB-NFIB, MYBL1-NFIB, CRTC1-MAML2) and previously unknown fusions (including transcripts involving RET, BRAF or RAD51B). Only one NTRK fusion transcript was detected, in a secretory carcinoma case. Pan-TRK IHC (clone EPR17341) was false positive in 74% of cases. The proportion of patients with targets for genetically matched therapies differed among subtypes (salivary duct carcinoma: 82%, adenoid cystic carcinoma 28%, mucoepidermoid carcinoma 50%, acinic cell carcinoma 33%). Actionable aberrations were most often located in PIK3CA (n = 18, 15%), ERBB2 (n = 15, 12%), HRAS and NOTCH1 (both n = 9, 7%). Conclusions: Actionable genetic aberrations were seen in 53.7% of all SGC cases on the RNA and DNA level, with varying percentages between subtypes.
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy for Solid Tumor Treatment: Progressions and Challenges
Authors: Zhao Yueshui , Deng Jian , Rao Shuangfeng , Guo Sipeng , Shen Jing , Du Fukuan , Wu Xu , Chen Yu , Li Mingxing , Chen Meijuan , Li Xiaobing , Li Wanping , Gu Li , Sun Yuhong , Zhang Zhuo , Wen Qinglian , Xiao Zhangang , Li Jing
Published: August 2022

Over the past decade, immunotherapy, especially cell-based immunotherapy, has provided new strategies for cancer therapy. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that adopting cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for advanced solid tumors showed good efficacy. TIL therapy is a type of cell-based immunotherapy using the patient’s own immune cells from the microenvironment of the solid tumor to kill tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current strategies and challenges in TIL isolation and generation. Moreover, the current clinical experience of TIL therapy is summarized and discussed, with an emphasis on lymphodepletion regimen, the use of interleukin-2, and related toxicity. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical trials where TIL therapy is used independently and in combination with other types of therapy for solid cancers. Finally, the limitations, future potential, and directions of TIL therapy for solid tumor treatment are also discussed.
Updated Systematic Review on the Role of Brain Invasion in Intracranial Meningiomas: What, When, Why?
Authors: Brunasso Lara , Bonosi Lapo , Costanzo Roberta , Buscemi Felice , Giammalva Giuseppe Roberto , Ferini Gianluca , Valenti Vito , Viola Anna , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Gerardi Rosa Maria , Sturiale Carmelo Lucio , Albanese Alessio , Iacopino Domenico Gerardo , Maugeri Rosario
Published: August 2022

Several recent studies are providing increasing insights into reliable markers to improve the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of meningioma patients. The evidence of brain invasion (BI) signs and its associated variables has been focused on, and currently, scientific research is investing in the study of key aspects, different methods, and approaches to recognize and evaluate BI. This paradigm shift may have significant repercussions for the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approach to higher-grade meningioma, as long as the evidence of BI may influence patients’ prognosis and inclusion in clinical trials and indirectly impact adjuvant therapy. We intended to review the current knowledge about the impact of BI in meningioma in the most updated literature and explore the most recent implications on both clinical practice and trials and future directions. According to the PRISMA guidelines, systematic research in the most updated platform was performed in order to provide a complete overview of characteristics, preoperative applications, and potential implications of BI in meningiomas. Nineteen articles were included in the present paper and analyzed according to specific research areas. The detection of brain invasion could represent a crucial factor in meningioma patients’ management, and research is flourishing and promising.
Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Protein File from Peripheral Blood Predicts Immune-Related Adverse Events in Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy
Authors: Jiang Fangli , Zhang Zhening , Chong Xiaoyi , Shen Lin , Fan Meng , Liu Xuan , An Jin , Peng Zhi , Zhang Cheng
Published: August 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) initiate a new stage for gastric cancer (GC) therapeutics, and plenty of patients have already benefited from ICIs. Liquid biopsy promotes the development of precision medicine of GC. However, due to the lack of precision biomarkers of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), the safety of ICIs-treated GC patients cannot be guaranteed. In our study, GC patients treated with ICIs were included for investigating the correlation between irAEs of ICIs and corresponding outcomes. We also explored the potential of biomarkers of irAEs via EV-derived proteins. Dynamic plasma was taken from 102 ICIs-treated GC patients generated retrospectively or prospectively, who were divided into discovery and validating cohorts. Plasma EV-derived protein profiles were described, and two EV-proteins, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (EV-ICOS) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(EV-IDO1), from 42 vital proteins were screened to predict the prognosis of ICIs with irAEs. Our work is the first to propose that EV-proteins can predict ICIs-corresponding irAEs, which can be conducive to the diagnosis and treatment of GC patients, and to facilitate the screening of beneficiaries.
Highlighting the Implantation of Metal Particles into Hollow Cavity Yeast-Based Carbon for Improved Electrochemical Performance of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Ma Jing-Lin , Feng Wang-Jun
Published: August 2022

The introduction of metal particles into microbe-based carbon materials for application to lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries has the three major advantages of pore formation, chemisorption for polysulfides, and catalysis of electrochemical reactions. Metal particles and high specific surface area are often considered to enhance the properties of Li–S batteries. However, there are few data to support the claim that metal particles implanted in microbe-based carbon hosts can improve Li–S battery performance without interfering with the specific surface area. In this work, hollow-cavity cobalt-embedded yeast-based carbon (HC–Co–YC) with low specific surface area was successfully produced by impregnating yeast cells with a solution containing 0.075 M CoCl2 (designated as HC–Co–YC–0.075M). Cobalt particles implanted in yeast carbon (YC) could improve the conductive properties, lithium-ion diffusion, and cycling stability of the sulfur cathode. Compared to previously reported counterpart electrodes without metal particles, the HC–Co–YC–0.075M/S electrode in this study had a high initial specific capacity of 1061.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, maintained a reversible specific capacity of 504.9 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles, and showed a capacity fading rate of 0.1049% per cycle. In conclusion, the combination of cobalt particles and YC with low specific surface area exhibited better cycle stability, emphasizing the importance of implantation of metal particles into carbon hosts for improving the electrochemical properties of Li–S batteries.
Heterostructured Co2P Nanocomposite Embedded in a N, P Co-Doped Carbon Layer as a High Performance Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Ji , Zhao Shuwen , Zhao Yifan , Zhou Weijie , Dai Ruijie , Zhao Xuan , Chen Zhengang , Zhang Hua , Chen Anran
Published: August 2022

Hydrogen is the mainstream future energy source because of its high energy density and environmentally-friendly properties. In this study, Fe-Co2P/NPC materials were prepared by the wet chemical synthesis method, in which Fe-Co2P nanowires were wrapped by the N, P co-doped carbon layers (NPC) under aging and phosphorylation strategies. When Fe-Co2P/NPC/NF was subjected to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the overpotential was only 73 mV and 217 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. When the cathode and anode were both Fe-Co2P/NPC/NF, a current density of 10 mA cm−2 was achieved with only 1.56 V. This work provides a new idea for the design and preparation of non-precious metal-based transition metal phosphide catalysts.
Auxin Regulates Apical Stem Cell Regeneration and Tip Growth in the Marine Red Alga Neopyropia yezoensis
Authors: Taya Kensuke , Takeuchi Shunzei , Takahashi Megumu , Hayashi Ken-ichiro , Mikami Koji
Published: August 2022

The red alga Neopyropia yezoensis undergoes polarized elongation and asymmetrical cell division of the apical stem cell during tip growth in filamentous generations of its life cycle: the conchocelis and conchosporangium. Side branches are also produced via tip growth, a process involving the regeneration and asymmetrical division of the apical stem cell. Here, we demonstrate that auxin plays a crucial role in these processes by using the auxin antagonist 2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-4-oxo-4-phenyl-butyric acid (PEO-IAA), which specifically blocks the activity of the auxin receptor TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 (TIR1) in land plants. PEO-IAA repressed both the regeneration and polarized tip growth of the apical stem cell in single-celled conchocelis; this phenomenon was reversed by treatment with the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In addition, tip growth of the conchosporangium was accelerated by IAA treatment but repressed by PEO-IAA treatment. These findings indicate that auxin regulates polarized tip cell growth and that an auxin receptor-like protein is present in N. yezoensis. The sensitivity to different 5-alkoxy-IAA analogs differs considerably between N. yezoensis and Arabidopsis thaliana. N. yezoensis lacks a gene encoding TIR1, indicating that its auxin receptor-like protein differs from the auxin receptor of terrestrial plants. These findings shed light on auxin-induced mechanisms and the regulation of tip growth in plants.
Applications of CRISPR/Cas13-Based RNA Editing in Plants
Authors: Kavuri Naga Rajitha , Ramasamy Manikandan , Qi Yiping , Mandadi Kranthi
Published: August 2022

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system is widely used as a genome-editing tool in various organisms, including plants, to elucidate the fundamental understanding of gene function, disease diagnostics, and crop improvement. Among the CRISPR/Cas systems, Cas9 is one of the widely used nucleases for DNA modifications, but manipulation of RNA at the post-transcriptional level is limited. The recently identified type VI CRISPR/Cas systems provide a platform for precise RNA manipulation without permanent changes to the genome. Several studies reported efficient application of Cas13 in RNA studies, such as viral interference, RNA knockdown, and RNA detection in various organisms. Cas13 was also used to produce virus resistance in plants, as most plant viruses are RNA viruses. However, the application of CRISPR/Cas13 to studies of plant RNA biology is still in its infancy. This review discusses the current and prospective applications of CRISPR/Cas13-based RNA editing technologies in plants.
Akkermansia muciniphila Reduces Peritonitis and Improves Intestinal Tissue Wound Healing after a Colonic Transmural Defect by a MyD88-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Bachmann Radu , Van Hul Matthias , Baldin Pamela , Léonard Daniel , Delzenne Nathalie M. , Belzer Clara , Ouwerkerk Janneke P. , Repsilber Dirk , Rangel Ignacio , Kartheuser Alex , Brummer Robert Jan , De Vos Willem M. , Cani Patrice D.
Published: August 2022

Anastomotic leakage is a major complication following colorectal surgery leading to peritonitis, complications, and mortality. Akkermansia muciniphila has shown beneficial effects on the gut barrier function. Whether A. muciniphila reduces peritonitis and mortality during colonic leakage is unknown. Whether A. muciniphila can directly modulate the expression of genes in the colonic mucosa in humans has never been studied. We investigated the effects of a pretreatment (14 days) with live A. muciniphila prior to surgical colonic perforation on peritonitis, mortality, and wound healing. We used mice with an inducible intestinal-epithelial-cell-specific deletion of MyD88 (IEC-MyD88 KO) to investigate the role of the innate immune system in this context. In a proof-of-concept pilot study, healthy humans were exposed to A. muciniphila for 2 h and colonic biopsies taken before and after colonic instillation for transcriptomic analysis. Seven days after colonic perforation, A.-muciniphila-treated mice had significantly lower mortality and severity of peritonitis. This effect was associated with significant improvements of wound histological healing scores, higher production of IL22, but no changes in the mucus layer thickness or genes involved in cell renewal, proliferation, or differentiation. All these effects were abolished in IEC-MyD88 KO mice. Finally, human subjects exposed to A. muciniphila exhibited an increased level of the bacterium at the mucus level 2 h after instillation and significant changes in the expression of different genes involved in the regulation of cell cycling, gene transcription, immunity, and inflammation in their colonic mucosa. A. muciniphila improves wound healing during transmural colonic wall defect through mechanisms possibly involving IL22 signaling and requiring MyD88 in the intestinal cells. In healthy humans, colonic administration of A. muciniphila is well tolerated and changes the expression of genes involved in the immune pathways.
Designing Heat-Set Gels for Crystallizing APIs at Different Temperatures: A Crystal Engineering Approach
Authors: Sahoo Pathik
Published: August 2022

An organic salt crystallizes through different kinds of charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded networks depending on carboxylic functionality number and the degree of amine. These H-bonded packing patterns are often robust and predictable, so one can design a supramolecular salt with a certain purpose. In some cases, two different crystalline packing patterns can be found in Primary Ammonium Dicarboxylate (PAD) salts at different temperatures. Two kinds of supramolecular bonding, namely, charge-assisted hydrogen bonding and weak van der Waals interactions stabilize the two states. A small increase in the carbon chain length in a primary amine enhances the additional van der Waals interactions with the packing so that the 2D hydrogen-bonded network (HBN) transforms into a 1D HBN at room temperature. Such van der Waals interactions can be controlled by external heat, so a temperature-dependent 1D to 2D phase change is feasible. When certain moieties, such as azo and bipyridine, are introduced into the carboxylic acid backbone, the acids become insoluble in most organic solvents, raising their melting point, and resulting in heat-set gels. In the presence of an API, temperature and solvent-dependent polymorphic crystals can be grown in the heat-set gel medium and by simply cooling down the mixture, the API crystals can be separated easily.
Effect of Si3N4/TaC Particles on the Structure and Properties of Microarc Oxidation Coatings on TC4 Alloy
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Liqun , Jin Yaohua , Yao Yuhong , Ding Zhisong , Yang Wei , Liu Jiangnan
Published: August 2022

Si3N4/TaC composite MAO coatings were fabricated by microarc oxidation (MAO) on a Ti–6Al–4V (TC4) alloy in a phosphate-based electrolyte containing Si3N4/TaC mixed particles. The influence of the amount of Si3N4/TaC particles on the microstructure, composition, tribological behavior, and corrosion properties of the MAO coatings has been investigated. Morphological research of the MAO coatings was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the surface porosity analyzed by ImageJ software. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for the detection of the phase characteristic of the MAO coatings, and an abrasive wear test and electrochemical measurements were conducted in the artificial seawater solution by the ball-on-disc friction tester and the electrochemical workstation, respectively. The results showed that Si3N4/TaC particles could be successfully incorporated into the composite coatings, and the addition of Si3N4/TaC particles greatly reduced the porosity of the coatings, thus improving both tribological and corrosion properties of the composite MAO coatings. The composite MAO coating with the addition of 1 g/L Si3N4 + 0.5 g/L TaC particles showed the best tribological property and the optimum corrosion properties.
A Dynamic Wear Prediction Model for Studying the Interactions between Surface Wear and Dynamic Response of Spur Gears
Authors: Ren Jinzhao , Yuan Huiqun
Published: August 2022

Surface wear, as a major failure mode of gear systems, is an unavoidable phenomenon during the whole life of gears. It also induces other gear damages, such as fatigue cracks, surface pitting and spalling. Ultimately, those defects may result in the sudden failure of a gearbox transmission system, which can lead to a serious accident and unexpected economic loss. Therefore, it can provide huge cost and safety benefits to industries to monitor gear wear and predict its propagation. Gear wear raises the error rate of gear transmission systems, typically leading to improvements in dynamic loads, vibration, and noise. In return, the increased load conversely aggravates wear, creating a feedback cycle between dynamic responses and surface wear. For this purpose, a wear prediction model was incorporated into a tribo-dynamic model for quantitatively investigating how surface wear and gear vibration are mutually affected by each other. To obtain more precise dynamic responses, the tribo-dynamic model integrates the time-varying mesh stiffness, load-sharing ratio and friction parameters. To improve the computational efficiency and guarantee the calculation precision, an improved and updated wear depth methodology is constructed in the wear prediction model. This paper demonstrates the capability of the proposed dynamic wear prediction model in the investigation of the interaction effects between gear dynamics and surface wear, allowing for the development of improved gear wear prediction tools. The obtained results indicate that the surface wear impacts the dynamic characteristics, even with slight wear. In the initial stage of wear, the friction coefficient decreases slightly, largely due to the reduction in surface roughness; but the friction force increases because of the improved dynamic meshing force. Although the initial wear depth distributions of a pinion under dynamic and static conditions are similar, the wear depth distributions under dynamic conditions becomes significantly different compared to the those under static conditions with the wear process. The maximum wear depth of a pinion under dynamic conditions is about 1.6 times as the corresponding static conditions, when the wear cycle comes to 4 × 104. Similarly, the maximum accumulative wear depth of a pinion under dynamic conditions reaches 1.2 times of that under static conditions. Therefore, the proposed dynamic wear prediction model is more appropriate to be applied to the surface wear of gears.
Monolayer TiNI with Anisotropic Optical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Li Shu-Juan , Li Min , Zhang Cheng-Gong , Shi Kun-Yue , Wang Pei-Ji
Published: August 2022

Anisotropic monolayer materials have always been investigated by physical researchers. In this paper, we report a stable two-dimensional TiNI monolayer with anisotropic mechanical, optical, and electrical conduction properties. By combining the methods of non-equilibrium Green’s function and density function theory, we obtain two-dimensional TiNI materials with mechanical, optical, and electronic transport properties that depend on the lattice orientation. In addition, the maximum Young’s modulus of the single-layer TiNI can reach 160 N/m2. The calculate result of electrical transport properties also indicates the anisotropic electron transport performance of TiNI monolayer. Moreover, the electron transport intensity along the direction b is about six times the conduction intensity along the direction a. The anisotropic mechanical and optical properties, as well as the tunable band gap and special electron transport characteristics, enable a promising future for monolayer TiNI materials in nano-optoelectronics.
Crystal Structure Dynamics of RFe3(BO3)4 Single Crystals in the Temperature Range 25–500 K
Authors: Alekseeva Olga , Smirnova Ekaterina , Frolov Kirill , Lyubutina Marianna , Lyubutin Igor , Gudim Irina
Published: August 2022

The multiferroic RFe3(BO3)4 family is characterized by diverse magnetic, magnetoelectric, and magnetoelastic properties, the fundamental aspects of which are essential for modern electronics. The present research, using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) in the temperature range of 25–500 K, aimed to analyze the influence of local atomic coordination on magnetoelectric properties and exchange and super-exchange interactions in RFe3(BO3)4. Low-temperature, single-crystal XRD data of the magnetically ordered phase of RFe3(BO3)4 at 25 K, which were obtained for the first time, were supplemented with data obtained at higher temperatures, making it possible to draw conclusions about the mechanism of the structural dynamics. It was shown that, in structures with R = Gd, Ho, and Y (low-temperature space group P3121), a shift in oxygen atoms (O2, second coordination sphere of R atoms) was accompanied by rotation of the B2O3 triangle toward R atoms at low temperatures, and by different rearrangements in iron chains of two types, in contrast to Nd and Sm iron borates (space group R32). These rearrangements in the structures of space group P3121 affected the exchange and super-exchange paths at low temperatures. The MS results confirm the influence of the distant environment of atoms on the magnetoelectric properties of rare-earth iron borates at low temperatures.
Low Cycle Fatigue Crack Damage Behavior of TC21 Titanium Alloy with Basketweave Microstructure
Authors: Nie Baohua , Liu Shuai , Huang Xianyi , Qi Haiying , Shi Binqing , Zhao Zihua , Chen Dongchu
Published: August 2022

Low cycle fatigue (LCF) crack initiation, propagation and damage behaviors of TC21 alloy with basketweave microstructure were investigated. The process of LCF damage was observed by a long-focus optical microscopic imaging system, and fatigue crack propagation was analyzed through in-situ SEM fatigue. The results indicated that LCF crack damage displayed different sensitivity to cyclic stress. LCF microcracks initiated from slip bands and propagated through the microcrack coalescences at high stress, while LCF cracks tended to initiate at the αL/β interface and connect with these interface microcracks. Furthermore, the LCF damage model was established on the basis of Lemaitre damage theory. When the maximum stress exceeded yield stress, LCF damage increased sharply and fatigue life decreased significantly, which agreed with experiment data.
Additively Manufactured Nested and Non-Nested Cellular Solids for Effective Stress Distribution and Thermal Insulation Applications: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: Pramanik Sudipta , Milaege Dennis , Hoyer Kay-Peter , Schaper Mirko
Published: August 2022

In this study, the design, additive manufacturing and experimental as well as simulation investigation of mechanical and thermal properties of cellular solids are addressed. For this, two cellular solids having nested and non-nested structures are designed and additively manufactured via laser powder bed fusion. The primary objective is to design cellular solids which absorb a significant amount of energy upon impact loading without transmitting a high amount of stress into the cellular solids. Therefore, compression testing of the two cellular solids is performed. The nested and non-nested cellular solids show similar energy absorption properties; however, the nested cellular solid transmits a lower amount of stress in the cellular structure compared to the non-nested cellular solid. The experimentally measured strain (by DIC) in the interior region of the nested cellular solid is lower despite a higher value of externally imposed compressive strain. The second objective of this study is to determine the thermal insulation properties of cellular solids. For measuring the thermal insulation properties, the samples are placed on a hot plate; and the surface temperature distribution is measured by an infrared camera. The thermal insulating performance of both cellular types is sufficient for temperatures exceeding 100 °C. However, the thermal insulating performance of a non-nested cellular solid is slightly better than that of the nested cellular solid. Additional thermal simulations predict a relatively higher temperature distribution on the cellular solid surfaces compared to experimental results. The simulated residual stress shows a similar distribution for both types, but the magnitude of residual stress is different for the cellular solids upon cooling from different temperatures of the hot plate.
Addressing the Biodiversity Paradox: Mismatch between the Co-Occurrence of Biological Diversity and the Human, Financial and Institutional Resources to Address Its Decline
Authors: Rodríguez Jon Paul , Sucre Bibiana , Mileham Kira , Sánchez-Mercado Ada , De Andrade Nahomy , Bezeng Simeon Bezeng , Croukamp Carmel , Falcato João , García-Borboroglu Pablo , González Susana , González-Ciccia Paula , González-Maya José F. , Kemp Lucy , Kusrini Mirza D. , Lopez-Gallego Cristina , Luz Sonja , Menon Vivek , Moehlman Patricia D. , Raimondo Domitilla C. , Sillero-Zubiri Claudio , Street William , Vincent Amanda , Xie Yan
Published: August 2022

Pressures are mounting for the adoption of a Global Biodiversity Framework that transforms conservation and sustainable use efforts worldwide. Underlying this challenge is the biodiversity paradox: biological diversity predominantly concentrates in the tropics, while human, institutional, and financial resources are primarily located at higher latitudes both north and south. Addressing the biodiversity paradox requires the expansion and mobilization of human, institutional and financial resources around the world. We outline a model championed by the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) that builds on the Species Conservation Cycle (Assess-Plan-Act-Network-Communicate) and recognizes that most conservation action occurs at the national or local level. Various strategies are applied to this end by the partners of Reverse the Red, a global movement that ignites strategic cooperation and science-based action to ensure the survival of wild species and ecosystems. The SSC contributes to Reverse the Red through two primary strategies: National Species Specialist Groups and Centers for Species Survival. By building on existing expert networks and catalyzing efforts with established local institutions, we aim to significantly expand capacity to implement conservation action at the national level and reverse the negative trends indicated by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the Red List of Ecosystems.
A New Northernmost Distribution Record of the Reef Coral Duncanopsammia axifuga at Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Subhan Beginer , Razak Tries B. , Arafat Dondy , Zamani Neviaty P. , Prehadi  , Lestari Dea Fauzia , Hoeksema Bert W.
Published: August 2022

Duncanopsammia axifuga (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) is reported for the first time from Indonesia. A population was found in 5-m deep, murky water on a sediment-rich, inshore reef at Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua. Some corals were attached to dead coral and others were loose fragments living on sediment. One attached specimen was observed to be damaged as a result of direct contact with an adjacent Goniopora coral. Free-living specimens on sand are more likely able to escape competition for space. These observations may help to better understand the northernmost range limit and the natural environment of D. axifuga, a species that is popular in the international aquarium trade, but has not been studied very well in the field.
Bioinformatics Identification of TUBB as Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Worse Prognosis in ERα-Positive and Better Prognosis in ERα-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Alhammad Rashed
Published: August 2022

Tubulin β class I gene (TUBB) is highly expressed in various cancers and plays several roles in carcinogenesis. However, the prognostic value of TUBB in breast cancer remains to be investigated. GEPIA and Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner were used to explore TUBB expression in breast cancer patients. Kaplan–Meier Plotter was used to assess the relationship between TUBB expression and several prognostic indicators including overall, distant metastasis-free, and relapse-free survival in ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancer. The genes that correlate with TUBB in ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancer were explored and the pathways were investigated using GSCA. The correlation between TUBB and several gene markers of immune cells was explored using GEPIA. ERα-positive breast cancer patients with increased TUBB showed worse prognosis, possibly through the activation of the TSC/mTOR pathway, whereas ERα-negative breast cancer patients with increased TUBB mRNA showed better prognosis. Significant positive correlations were observed between TUBB and gene markers of immune cells in ERα-positive breast cancer patients, whereas significant negative correlations were observed in ERα-negative breast cancer patients. The analysis revealed that TUBB might be considered as a predictive biomarker for worse prognosis in ERα-positive and better prognosis in ERα-negative breast cancer.
The Urinary Microbiome: Role in Bladder Cancer and Treatment
Authors: Friedrich Veronika , Choi Hae Woong
Published: August 2022

Commensal microbes have increasingly been found to be involved in the development and progression of cancer. The recent discovery of the urinary microbiome bolstered the notion that microbes might play a role in bladder cancer. Although microbial involvement in bladder neoplastic transformation and metastatic progression, except schisto somiasis, has not been established, accumulating research suggests that dysbiosis of the urinary microbiome can produce a chronically inflammatory urothelial microenvironment and lead to bladder cancer. In this review, we describe how the urinary microbiome might facilitate the development of bladder cancer by altering the host immune system and the kind of cytokines that are directly involved in these responses. We investigated the therapeutic possibilities of modulating the urinary microbiome, including immune checkpoint therapy. The responsiveness of patients to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy was evaluated with respect to microbiome composition. We conclude by noting that the application of microbes to orchestrate the inflammatory response in the bladder may facilitate the development of treatments for bladder cancer.
Factors Predicting 150 and 200 Microgram Adenosine Requirement during Four Increasing Doses of Intracoronary Adenosine Bolus Fractional Flow Reserve Assessment
Authors: Chantadansuwan Thamarath , Patumanond Jayanton , Charernboon Thammanard , Piyayotai Dilok
Published: August 2022

Direct intracoronary adenosine bolus is an excellent alternative to intravenous adenosine fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement. This study, during four increasing adenosine boluses (50, 100, 150, and 200 mcg), aimed to explore clinical and angiographic predictors of coronary stenotic lesions for which the significant ischemic FFR (FFR ≤ 0.8) occurred at 150 and 200 mcg adenosine doses. Data from 1055 coronary lesions that underwent FFR measurement at the Central Chest Institute of Thailand from August 2011 to July 2021 were included. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were analyzed. The FFR ≤ 0.8 occurred at adenosine 150 and 200 mcg boluses in 47 coronary lesions, while the FFR ≤ 0.8 occurred at adenosine 50 and 100 mcg boluses in 186 coronary lesions. After univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, four characteristics, including male sex, younger age, non-smoking status, and FFR procedure of RCA, were predictors of the occurrence of FFR ≤ 0.8 at adenosine 150 and 200 mcg doses. Combining all four predictors as a predictive model resulted in an AuROC of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.68–0.76), an 86% negative predictive value. Comparing these four predictors, the FFR procedure of RCA gave the most predictive power, with the AuROC of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.56–0.63).
Diagnostic Aspects of an Included Third Molar in an 88-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Miron Mariana I. , Florea Ciprian T. , Lungeanu Diana , Todea Carmen D.
Published: August 2022

Included third molars in elderly patients are quite rare in dental practice, and therefore easily misdiagnosed, because these teeth are usually extracted in youth. Additional challenges to correctly diagnosing such a dental condition, and its associated complications, arise from frequent co-morbidities in elderly patients, and from difficult communication with the patient. We report a case of an 88-year-old female patient, who presented in the dental emergency room complaining of a discomfort caused by the sharp edges of her lower incisors, and requesting their extraction; the final diagnosis, of suppurated pericoronitis at tooth 48, was concluded based on the clinical elements and X-ray examination.
Performance of a Chest Radiography AI Algorithm for Detection of Missed or Mislabeled Findings: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Kaviani Parisa , Digumarthy Subba R. , Bizzo Bernardo C. , Reddy Bhargava , Tadepalli Manoj , Putha Preetham , Jagirdar Ammar , Ebrahimian Shadi , Kalra Mannudeep K. , Dreyer Keith J.
Published: August 2022

Purpose: We assessed whether a CXR AI algorithm was able to detect missed or mislabeled chest radiograph (CXR) findings in radiology reports. Methods: We queried a multi-institutional radiology reports search database of 13 million reports to identify all CXR reports with addendums from 1999–2021. Of the 3469 CXR reports with an addendum, a thoracic radiologist excluded reports where addenda were created for typographic errors, wrong report template, missing sections, or uninterpreted signoffs. The remaining reports contained addenda (279 patients) with errors related to side-discrepancies or missed findings such as pulmonary nodules, consolidation, pleural effusions, pneumothorax, and rib fractures. All CXRs were processed with an AI algorithm. Descriptive statistics were performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the AI in detecting missed or mislabeled findings. Results: The AI had high sensitivity (96%), specificity (100%), and accuracy (96%) for detecting all missed and mislabeled CXR findings. The corresponding finding-specific statistics for the AI were nodules (96%, 100%, 96%), pneumothorax (84%, 100%, 85%), pleural effusion (100%, 17%, 67%), consolidation (98%, 100%, 98%), and rib fractures (87%, 100%, 94%). Conclusions: The CXR AI could accurately detect mislabeled and missed findings. Clinical Relevance: The CXR AI can reduce the frequency of errors in detection and side-labeling of radiographic findings.
Finite-Time Thermodynamic Modeling and Analysis of Seawater Acidification Process in Electrochemical Acidification Cell
Authors: Wang Chao , Xia Shaojun , Xie Tianchao
Published: August 2022

The unsteady process of the acidification of seawater by using an electrochemical acidification cell (EAC) is studied in this paper. The model of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the effluent seawater and the cell voltage of EAC varying with time and working current are built by applying the theory of finite-time thermodynamics, respectively. The semi-empirical formulas of the concentration of H+ in the effluent seawater and the cell voltage under the constant current of the Ionpure EAC are obtained, respectively, by fitting the experimental data of the Ionpure EAC. Then, the simulated data are compared with the experimental data. The total work consumption and average power consumption of the Ionpure EAC are obtained from the semi-empirical formulas. The results show that the semi-empirical formulas can simulate the operation process of the Ionpure EAC well. The validity of the models is verified. The increase of the working current will increase the total work consumption and average power consumption of the Ionpure EAC. The proper current can be selected in engineering practice to achieve different goals, such as high efficiency or low energy consumption. The obtained results can provide some guidelines for the optimal design and optimization of EAC.
A Short-Term Hybrid TCN-GRU Prediction Model of Bike-Sharing Demand Based on Travel Characteristics Mining
Authors: Zhou Shenghan , Song Chaofei , Wang Tianhuai , Pan Xing , Chang Wenbing , Yang Linchao
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes an accurate short-term prediction model of bike-sharing demand with the hybrid TCN-GRU method. The emergence of shared bicycles has provided people with a low-carbon, green and healthy way of transportation. However, the explosive growth and free-form development of bike-sharing has also brought about a series of problems in the area of urban governance, creating a new opportunity and challenge in the use of a large amount of historical data for regional bike-sharing traffic flow predictions. In this study, we built an accurate short-term prediction model of bike-sharing demand with the bike-sharing dataset from 2015 to 2017 in London. First, we conducted a multidimensional bike-sharing travel characteristics analysis based on explanatory variables such as weather, temperature, and humidity. This will help us to understand the travel characteristics of local people, will facilitate traffic management and, to a certain extent, improve traffic congestion. Then, the explanatory variables that help predict the demand for bike-sharing were obtained using the Granger causality with the entropy theory-based MIC method to verify each other. The Multivariate Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model were integrated to build the prediction model, and this is abbreviated as the TCN-GRU model. The fitted coefficient of determination R2 and explainable variance score (EVar) of the dataset reached 98.42% and 98.49%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were at least 1.98% and 2.4% lower than those in other models. The results show that the TCN-GRU model has strong efficiency and robustness. The model can be used to make short-term accurate predictions of bike-sharing demand in the region, so as to provide decision support for intelligent dispatching and urban traffic safety improvement, which will help to promote the development of green and low-carbon mobility in the future.
Critical Phenomena in Light–Matter Systems with Collective Matter Interactions
Authors: Herrera Romero Ricardo , Bastarrachea-Magnani Miguel Angel , Linares Román
Published: August 2022

We study the quantum phase diagram and the onset of quantum critical phenomena in a generalized Dicke model that includes collective qubit–qubit interactions. By employing semiclassical techniques, we analyze the corresponding classical energy surfaces, fixed points, and the smooth Density of States as a function of the Hamiltonian parameters to determine quantum phase transitions in either the ground (QPT) or excited states (ESQPT). We unveil a rich phase diagram, the presence of new phases, and new transitions that result from varying the strength of the qubits interactions in independent canonical directions. We also find a correspondence between the phases emerging due to qubit interactions and those in their absence but with varying the strength of the non-resonant terms in the light–matter coupling. We expect our work to pave the way and stimulate the exploration of quantum criticality in systems combining matter–matter and light–matter interactions.