bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative investigation of DNA extraction methods in black gram (Vigna mungo (L.)
Authors: Prakash M. . , Priyadharshini B. . , Vignesh M. . , Anandan R. .
Published: November 2019

Isolation of intact, double stranded, pure and non- contaminated genomic DNA is prerequisite for large scale genotyping analysis including DNA-banks. Three methods of DNA isolation (Dellaporta, CTAB and Hi-PurAg DNA isolation kits) from 25 black gram genotypes were compared in terms of the yield, purity, integrity, and stability of extracted DNA. Purity and quantification of isolated DNA samples was confirmed by using the UV nano-spectrophotometer at OD260/280 and the same is confirmed based by agarose gel electrophoresis. The CTAB method showed the best results followed by Hi-PurAg and Dellaporta method. The CTAB DNA extraction method was found to be the most efficient DNA extraction method, capable of providing high quality, pure and stable DNA and could be used for various molecular related works. All the 25 black gram genotypes for this research gave good yield of DNA from the established modified CTAB protocol.
Influence of stage of harvesting and zinc application on yield and zinc uptake in cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) TAUB]
Authors: Pandey A. K. , Singh Magan , Kumar Sanjeev , Meena V. K. , Onte Santosh , Kushwaha Manish
Published: November 2019

The field experiment entitled, “Influence of stage of harvesting and zinc application on yield and zinc uptake in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)” was conducted during Kharif 2016 at Forage Research Farm, Agronomy Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments comprised of four stages of harvesting [50, 60, 70 and 80 DAS] and under sub plot treatments four levels of Zinc application (Control, 10 kg ZnSO4, 20 kg ZnSO4 and 0.5 % Zinc spray at 30 DAS) were taken. The soil of the experimental field was sandy clay loam in texture with neutral pH, low in available nitrogen and zinc, medium in available phosphorus and higher in available potassium. The growth parameters viz. plant height, leaf length, number of leaves, stem girth and leaf: stem ratio were significantly higher at 80 DAS over other harvesting stages. In sub plot treatments application of zinc through zinc sulphate @ 20 kgha-1 significantly improved all growth parameters except stem girth over other treatments. Positive interaction effect was recorded between Stage of harvesting and zinc application for stem girth and plant height. Highest plant height was recorded under treatment combination of 80 DAS and zinc application @ 20 kg ha-1over other harvesting date and zinc level combinations. A significant increase in green fodder yield (GFY) and dry matter yield (DMY) was obtainedup to harvest at 80 DAS and zinc application @ 20 kg ha-1whereas significantly highest OM content was recorded at 50 DAS (Day after sowing). Maximum zinc uptake was noticed at 80 DAS stage and application rate of 20 kg ZnSO4ha-1 among other treatments.
Screening groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes for sulphur efficiency
Authors: Chitdeshwari T. . , Jegadeeswari D. , Shukla A. K.
Published: November 2019

A field experiment was conducted on a sandy clay soil to screen eighteen groundnut genotypes for their sulphur (S) efficiency and to know its effect on growth, yield and sulphur availability and uptake. There were two levels of sulphur (0 and 40 kg ha-1) applied as gypsum basally and replicated thrice in a randomized block design. Results revealed that inclusion of 40 kg S ha-1 as gypsum significantly improved the growth and yield attributes of all the groundnut genotypes besides increasing the kernel and haulm yield. Soil available sulphur and sulphur uptake by the genotypes were also considerably improved by sulphur addition which differs widely among them. Several indices were computed for assessing the sulphur efficiency and found that, the genotypes, VRI 6, CO 7, TMV 7, TMV 13, VRI 5, VRI 3, CO2 and CO 6 were found efficient and responsive for sulphur application while VRI 8, and TMV 10 were inefficient but found responsive. However the varieties such as Local, VRI 4, CO 3, VRI 2, VRI 7, TMV 2, ALR 3 and BSR 1 were highly non responsive and inefficient in utilizing the applied sulphur.
The effects of weed density and different weed control applications on yield and yield components of chickpea cultivars
Authors: Sozen Melih Yilar Omer , Karadavut Ufuk
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to determine the effects of weed density and different weed control treatments on chickpea yield and yield components. The experiment was carried out in split plot design with 3 replications in experimental fields of Kirsehir Ahi Evran University during 2016 and 2017 crop seasons. Total nine treatments (no weed control, permanent weed control, one-time hoeing, two-time hoeing, three-time hoeing, herbicide application after emergence, one-time hoeing with herbicide application, two-time hoeing with herbicide application and three-time hoeing with herbicide application) were compared to know the most effective weed control method. Vaccaria pyramidata Medik., Sinapis arvensis L., Acroptilon repens L. weed species were found to be the most intense in the experimental area. All weed control applications had significant effect on chickpea yield and yield components compared to weedy plots. Three-time hoeing with herbicide application increased the yield by 361.55-478.50% compared to weedy plots. Likewise, three-time hoeing application even increased the yield by 348.50-357.09% compared to weedy plots. The results revealed that three-time hoeing with herbicide and three-time hoeing applications stood out in weed management to obtain a good yield in chickpea cultivation at Kirsehir province.
Evaluation of the fermentation properties of different soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars
Authors: Shin Dong Sun , Choi In Duck , Lee Seuk Ki , Park Ji Young , Kim Nam Geol , Park Chang Hwan , Han Sang Ik , Choi Hye Sun
Published: November 2019

The enzymatic activity (EA) and amino-type nitrogen (ATN), viscous substance (VS), organic acid (OA), free amino acid (FAA), and volatile compound (VC) content in fermented soybeans of six cultivars (Glycine max L. ‘Taekwangkong’ [TKK], ‘Daechankong’ [DCK], ‘Misokong’ [MSK], ‘Seonpungkong’ [SPK], ‘Uramkong’ [URK], and ‘Chamolkong’ [COK]) were compared. Fermentation increased the quality indices such as EA, ATN and VS in soybean, and their highest content were observed in DCK. The content of major OAs decreased in the following order: lactic acid > acetic acid > fumaric acid. The essential amino acid (EAA) content was increased by fermentation, and FAA production had a positive effect on the abundance of the fermentation metabolites ã-amino-n-butyric acid and ornithine. The content of the VS pyrazine differed with cultivar. Overall, soybean cultivars showed differences in the composition and fermentation properties, with raw DCK soybeans being particularly suitable for fermentation.
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTENT OF CHEMICALS IN THE SOIL OF MINING AREAS OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL REGION
Authors: Mikhailova L. A. , Solodukhina M. A. , Alekseeva O. G. , Burlaka N. M. , Lapa S. E.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Intensive exploration and processing of mineral raw materials in the Trans-Baikal territory has caused the accumulation of considerable amount of industrial mining waste with high content of chemical elements of different classes of hazard. Currently 33 tailings storage facilities (TSF) accumulating approximately 3 milliard tons of different industrial waste are located in the territory of the region. The aim of the research is the hygienic assessment of soil contamination in the residential areas adjacent to TSFs. Material and methods. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was used for the determination of heavy metals. The study presents the results of analyses of 444 samples of gross content of lead, zinc, copper, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in the soil of Khapcheranga, Sherlovaya Gora, Kadaya, Vershino-Darasunsky, and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky mining villages throughout the duration of 2012 - 2015. Results. During the period of the study the total value of soil contamination with Zc calculated by the median concentrations in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 4.7 6.9, in Vershino-Shakhtaminaky - to 6.7 8.8, which corresponds to the «allowable» level of the contamination. Zc calculation by maximum concentrations has shown the soil to be referred to the category from “moderately dangerous” to “extremely dangerous”; this value in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 48.7 - 235.3, in Vershino-Shakhtaminsky Village - to 23.76 - 164.8. Discussion. In the residential areas the allowable degree of soil contamination was determined to be predominantly observed; Khapcheranga and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky villages are the exceptions. The results of the assessment give the evidence of tge increased lead, cadmium and arsenic content throughout the entire area of the villages, while the highest levels of accumulated toxic substances are registered in the areas located near the TSF Conclusion. Thus, several zones of natural and anthropogenous contamination with increased concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic have been formed in the Trans-Baikal Territory. This dictates the need to study the influence of geochemical anomalies on the health of population.
HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF HEALTH IN YOUNG HOCKEY PLAYERS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Yarovova Darya S. , Trankovskaya L. V. , Vazhenina A. A.
Published: November 2019

The review of literature is devoted to features of the formation of health and physical development of young hockey players. We have studied the factors exerting an impact on the health of young hockey players. The relevance of a problem is caused by the fact that growth of sporting achievements of the hockey player is carried out against the background of yet not completed processes of formation of an organism, at influence essential on the volume and intensity of training and competitive loads. Thus formation at the hockey player of a condition of overtraining and overfatigue against the background of intensive training process can worsen a functional state and contribute to the development of a premorbid and pathological changes that won’t lead to the expected steady growth of sports indices and further longevity of the hockey player in the world of professional sport. In our work characteristics of the organization of the training process, functional and pathological changes of an organism in the course of the training are submitted. Features of the efficiency of young athletes are described. The analysis of the incidence rate of young athletes according to domestic and foreign authors is carried out. The most problematic issues in the assessment of the health of young athletes and influences of factors of the environment are established: biological rhythms, food of athletes, creation of training process, the simultaneous combination of kinds of activity of children. One of the current problems of maintaining the health of young athletes was determined to be a lack of an accurate system of monitoring of a condition of their health at various stages of educational- training and competitive process, taking into account age features of the level of biological maturation. In this regard the development and use of health saving technologies at all stages of an educational training cycle, in a combination with a comprehensive examination of young hockey players and the assessment of the influence of factors of the environment is relevant. Thus, a number of not enough studied questions demands the for a further continuation of profound and comprehensive study with the development of new approaches to preservation and development of the a health of young hockey players.
THE CONSUMPTION OF VITAMINS BY THE POPULATION OF WORKING AGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN)
Authors: Frolova Oksana A. , Tafeeva E. A. , Frolov D. N. , Vyachina I. N.
Published: November 2019

To assess the level of consumption of vitamins entering the body with food, vitamin and mineral complexes, and enriched food in the population of working age of the Republic of Tatarstan. The quantitative content of vitamin A and ß-carotene in the diet of men and women is 2 or more times lower than normal value. Indices of the daily intake of vitamin C are 3 times less than normal. Significant differences in the intake of vitamins with food depending on the group of physical activity were not revealed (p > 0.05). Combined deficiency of retinol, β-carotene, thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, and ascorbic acid can be traced in 86% of diets. 13.2% of women and 3.7% of men use vitamin and mineral complexes every day; 48% of respondents fail to use them, the rest (35.1%) persons use irregularly. The intake of vitamin and mineral complexes correlates with the average monthly income and the level of education of the respondents (p ≤ 0.05). 3% of respondents consume enriched food 1-2 times a week. The majority of respondents (73%) do not know about products with high nutritional value, the rest (24%), use enriched products 1-2 times a month. We have not found a relationship between the number of enriched products consumed, family income and education level (p > 0.05).
SIX DECADES OF SCIENTIFIC SEARCH IN THE HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Kuchma Vladislav R.
Published: November 2019

60 years of the work of the Scientific and Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents of the National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health provide an analysis of research directions, their achievements and their use in health care and education. A series of discoveries, basic and applied research in the field of hygiene of children and adolescents, ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the children’s population allowed to substantiate the modern system of hygiene and child and adolescent health, prevention of the most common diseases, school-related diseases and conditions, including population and personalized levels, and effective technologies to ensure them. Effective models of medical care for students in educational institutions, the activities of schools that promote health have been developed. Fundamental guidelines have been prepared for physicians on the hygiene of children and adolescents, school medicine, and medical support for students in educational institutions. Primary in the development and improvement of the hygiene of children and adolescents are the following: modernization, re-equipment of material and technical base for research; attracting young, talented and dedicated researchers; ensuring safe life and adaptation of children and adolescents in the context of global digitalization, including safe goods and services for children and adolescents, as part of the new strategy fir the scientific and technological development of the country; constant monitoring of the development of hygienic science and correction of plans for basic and applied research in the field of hygiene and child and adolescent health.
The Story of “KINDNESS” From Rural Alaska: A Model for Comprehensive Infant Feeding Support
Authors: Preece Heather , Hawn Christiana
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Breastfeeding peer-counseling programs have been shown to be successful across a variety of settings. This program description of the Kodiak KINDNESS Project adds to the body of evidence.

Method

KINDNESS offers a trusting relationship and individualized support on every aspect of infant nutrition to all families with infants living on Kodiak Island, Alaska.

Results

KINDNESS breastfeeding rates exceed the World Health Organization 2025 target of 50% exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months, demonstrating efficacy of a tailored, readily accessible, and comprehensive community program.

Conclusion

The unique geographical isolation and culture of Kodiak Island has allowed collection of a robust database documenting feeding patterns of 90% of births since 2006. One family at a time, KINDNESS has effectively changed Kodiak's infant feeding culture and shown excellent results in breastfeeding duration rates.
Novel Innovations and Recent Findings in Lactation Support
Authors: Walker Marsha
Published: November 2019

Rationale

Staying current with the burgeoning amount of breastfeeding research can be a daunting task. It is incumbent upon the IBCLC and other lactation care providers to be cognizant of new research and innovations in lactation support.

Method

Recent products and findings regarding neonatal jaundice, hypoglycemia, mastitis, and therapeutic taping are presented.

Findings

New research findings, techniques, and products have been gathered to augment the provider's knowledge and skill set regarding a broad range of items relevant to clinical lactation practice. Most are affordable options for practitioners and parents, and represent safe and effective options for screening and treatment.
Bilinen en eski çelişki
Authors: KARA Mete , KOÇANAOĞULLARI Hayriye , YARGUCU ZİHNİ Figen , KARABULUT Gonca
Published: November 2019

Psoriatik artrit (PsA) aksiyal ve periferik eklemleri etkileyen, cilt, tırnak, entezis yerlerini tutabilen, psoriasis hastalarında görülebilen, klinik olarak heterojen bir hastalıktır. Bu nedenle de PsA birçok hastalık ile karışabilmektedir. Cilt tutulumu PsA hastalarının %15’inde eklem tutuluşundan sonra saptanabilmektedir. Bu da tanıda ve takipte zorluk yaratmaktadır. Periferik artrit ile başvuran ve anti siklik sitrüline peptit (anti-ccp) antikoru pozitif bir olgu ile PsA tanısının konulmasındaki zorluklara ve PsA’nın ayrıcı tanısını yapabilmek için de dikkatli ve detaylı bir anamnez ile iyi bir fizik muayene gerektiğine dikkat çekmeye çalıştık
Kanser immünoterapisi sırasında gelişen inflamatuvar artrit olgusu
Authors: ŞAK Tuncer , KARACA Burçak , YARGUCU ZİHNİ Figen
Published: November 2019

Günümüzde modern tıpta yaşanan teknolojik ve bilimsel gelişmeler solid ve hematolojik malignitelerin tedavisinde yeni tedavi stratejilerin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bu gelişmelerden biri de kanser immünoterapisi olarak adlandırılan ve ileri evre tümörlerin tedavisinde kullanılan İmmün Checkpoint İnhibitörleri’nin (İCİ) kullanımıdır. İCİ denen bu grup moleküller, kanser hücrelerinin T lenfosit başta olmak üzere doğal ve adaptif immünitenin efektör hücrelerinde bulunan koreseptörlerin aktivasyon veya inhibisiyonu ile bu hücreler tarafından öldürülmesini sağlayan monoklonal antikorlardır. Bununla birlikte kanser immünoterapisi, immünite hücreleri üzerindeki manüplasyonu nedeniyle self toleransı ortadan kaldırarak konağın sağlıklı hücrelerinin de hedef haline gelmesine ve bunlara karşı bir dizi immün reaksiyon başlamasına neden olabilmektedir. Biz de kanser immünoterapisi sırasında gelişen inflamatuvar artrit olgusunu sunmayı amaçladık.
Desafíos del cambio climático en Tabasco, México
Authors: Ruiz Lievano Sofía
Published: November 2019

El Cambio climático es una problemática ambiental, que afecta a toda la población mundial, y cada vez observamos mayores afectaciones derivadas de este fenómeno que se ha relacionado directamente con la intervención humana, tal es así, que por ello la comunidad internacional ha tratado de revertir estos efectos, como veremos en este trabajo, los conceptos de adaptación, mitigación, vulnerabilidad y resiliencia son inherentes a esta problemática, en México, el Estado de Tabasco es uno de los más vulnerables a estos efectos de la naturaleza, por lo que explicaremos brevemente algunas consideraciones al respecto.
medios sociales: plataforma para una democracia participativa. PSOE, PP, Ciudadanos, Podemos - Mayo 2018
Authors: López-Trigo Reig María , Puchalt López María
Published: November 2019

El presente artículo tiene por objeto el análisis de la comunicación desarrollada en Redes Sociales por lo cuatro partidos mayoritarios: PP, PSOE, Podemos y Ciudadanos, para profundizar si son las redes sociales una plataforma real hacia la Democracia participativa. Esta investigación se centra en lo que supone la Moción de censura, presentada por Pedro Sanchez, líder del PSOE, entre finales de mayo y principios de junio de 2018 en España. Hito político y social en este país donde es la primera vez que dicha moción es aceptada y consigue cambiar al presidente del Gobierno. El interés del tema que se trata en este análisis es el hecho que se observa, al estudiar la comunicación política de los últimos tiempos, un cambio del lenguaje debido a la revolución tecnológica, al desarrollo de nuevos canales y medios, y a la implicación de los ciudadanos en este desarrollo tecnológico, clave en la llamada Democracia Participativa.
Duguin, Aleksandr. La Cuarta Teoría Política. Tarragona: Ediciones Fides, 2013, 253 pp. El auge de la Cuarta Teoría Política: La Cuarta Teoría Política vol. II. Tarragona: Ediciones Fides, 2018, 269 pp.
Authors: Ahedo Rodríguez Unai
Published: November 2019

Reseña bibliog´ráfica cítica de los libros: 
Duguin, Aleksandr. La Cuarta Teoría Política. Tarragona: Ediciones Fides, 2013, 253 pp.
Duguin, Aleksandr. El auge de la Cuarta Teoría Política: La Cuarta Teoría Política vol. II. Tarragona: Ediciones Fides, 2018, 269 pp.
Alain Brossat. El Gran Hartazgo Cultural Madrid: Dado Ediciones. 2016. 186 pp. Traducción: David J. Domínguez González.
Authors: García Alonso Rafael
Published: November 2019

Reseña de los textos de:

Alain Brossat, de 2016: El gran hartazgo cultural. Editorial Dado ediciones y de 186 páginas
Richard Sennett (2019) Construir y habitar. Ética para la ciudad. Barcelona: Anagrama
Authors: Giménez Rodríguez Silvia
Published: November 2019

Richard Sennett, sociólogo, profesor de la London School of Economics y la Universidad de Nueva York (NYU), creador de una fundación de investigación sobre cultura urbana (Theatrum Mundi), y consultor de la ONU, completa su trilogía del Homo Faber con su último título: Construir y Habitar: Ética para la ciudad.  Volumen publicado en 2019, en español por Anagrama,  que en algo más de 400 páginas nos presenta una mirada ética inspirada, sin lugar a dudas, por su compañera de vida, la urbanista y catedrática de Sociología en la Universidad de Columbia en Nueva York y Premio Príncipe de Asturias, Saskia Sassen.
Participation of ABA Metabolism and ROS Generation in Sugar Starvation-Induced Senescence of Rice Flag Leaves
Authors: Asad Muhammad Asad Ullah , Wang Fubiao , Ye Yu , Guan Xianyue , Zhou Lujian , Zakari Shamsu Ado , Han Zhanyu , Cheng Fangmin
Published: November 2019

Background: Both sucrose and abscisic acid (ABA) play pivotal role in the regulation of plant leaf senescence. However, the exact mechanism by which sugar starvation , ABA, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) interact with each other during leaf senescence remains largely unknown. In this study, the genotype-dependent alteration in temporal patterns of sugar concentration during leaf senescence and its relation to ABA metabolism and ROS generation were investigated by using the premature senescence of flag leaf ( psf ) mutant and its wild type. Results: Results showed that sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence was closely associated with the endogenous ABA concentration and ROS level in senescent leaves. Sugar starvation accelerated leaf senescence, concomitantly with the marked increase in ABA concentration and malonaldehyde (MDA) accumulation in detached leaves. Conversely, exogenous sugar treatment significantly suppressed the ABA concentration ad ROS level in detached leaves, thus leaf senescence was delayed by exogenous sugar supply. Pharmacological tests revealed that ABA biosynthesis inhibitor (NDGA) delayed the sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence, while ABA catabolism inhibitor (DNCZ) accelerated leaf senescence and significantly increased the endogenous ABA content in senescent leaves. For the expression patterns of ABA synthesis and catabolism related genes induced by sugar starvation, exogenous sucrose supply, NDGA and DNCZ. sugar starvation up-regulated the OsABA8ox1 transcript, while exogenous sucrose and NDGA down-regulated the transciptional expressions of OsNCED1 , OsNCED4 and OsNCED5 and OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3 e by sugar starvation and DNCZ, while the transcript of was increased. Conclusion: Together, our results demonstrated that the rise in endogenous ABA content during sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence is mostly caused by the suppression of ABA catabolism, rather than the enhancement of ABA biosynthesis, and the expression of ABA metabolic genes determines the equilibrium between ABA biosynthesis and catabolism that eventually influence cross-talk between endogenous factors. The breaking for the equilibrium between ABA biosynthesis and catabolism was strongly responsible for sugar starvation-induced leaf senescence, which was resulted from the suppression of ABA catabolism, rather than the enhancement of ABA biosynthesis .
Genome-wide association study and genomic selection for plant height, maturity, seed weight, and yield in soybean
Authors: Ravelombola Waltram , Qin Jun , Shi Ainong , Wang Fengmin , Feng Yan , Meng Yaning , Yang Chunyan , Zhang Mengchen
Published: November 2019

Background Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a legume of great interest worldwide. Enhancing genetic gain for agronomic traits via molecular approaches has been long considered as the main task for soybean breeders and geneticists. The objectives of this study were to evaluate maturity, plant height, seed weight, and yield in a diverse soybean accession panel, to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for these traits and identify SNP markers associated with the four traits, and to assess genomic selection (GS) accuracy. Results A total of 250 soybean accessions were evaluated for maturity, plant height, seed weight, and yield over three years. This panel was genotyped with a total of 10,259 high quality SNPs postulated from genotyping by sequencing (GBS). GWAS was performed using a Bayesian Information and Linkage Disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) model, and GS was evaluated using a ridge regression best linear unbiased predictor (rrBLUP) model. The results revealed that a total of 20, 31, 37, 31, and 23 SNPs were significantly associated with the average 3-year data for maturity, plant height, seed weight, and yield, respectively; some significant SNPs were mapped into previously described loci ( E2 , E4 , and Dt1 ) affecting maturity and plant height in soybean and a new locus mapped on chromosome 20 was significantly associated with plant height; Glyma.10g228900 , Glyma.19g200800 , Glyma.09g196700 , and Glyma.09g038300 were candidate genes found in the vicinity of the top or the second best SNP for maturity, plant height, seed weight, and yield, respectively; a 11.5-Mb region of chromosome 10 was associated with both seed weight and yield; and GS accuracy was trait-, year-, and population structure-dependent. Conclusions The SNP markers identified from this study for plant height, maturity, seed weight and yield can be used to improve the four agronomic traits through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and GS in soybean breeding programs. After validation, the candidate genes can be transferred to new cultivars using SNP markers through MAS. The high GS accuracy has confirmed that the four agronomic traits can be selected in molecular breeding through GS.
Counterbalancing the time-dependence effect on the Human Mitochondrial DNA Molecular Clock
Authors: Cabrera vicente M
Published: November 2019

Background The molecular clock is the most important genetic tool to estimate evolutionary timescales. However, the detection of a time dependency effect on the mutation rate estimates is complicating its application. It has been suggested that demographic processes could be the main cause of this confounding effect. In the present study I propose a new algorithm to estimate the coalescent age of phylogenetically related sequences, taking into account the observed time dependency effect on the molecular rate detected by others.Results Applying this method to real human mitochondrial DNA trees, with shallow and deep topologies, I have obtained significantly older molecular ages for the main events of human evolution than in previous estimates. These ages are in close agreement with the most recent archaeological and paleontological records that are in favor of an emergence of early anatomically modern humans in Africa at 315 ± 34 thousand years ago and the presence of recent modern humans out of Africa as early as 174 ± 48 thousand years ago. Furthermore, in the implementation process, we demonstrated that in a population with fluctuating sizes, the probability of fixation of a new neutral mutant depends on the effective population size which is more in accordance with the fact that, under the neutral theory of molecular evolution, the fate of a molecular mutation is mainly determined by random drift.Conclusions I suggest that the demographic history of populations has a more decisive effect than purifying selection and/or mutational saturation on the time dependence effect observed for the substitution rate.
A qualitative study exploring basis for antibiotics prescription without microbiological investigations, Dar es Salaam Tanzania
Authors: Manyaki Fidelis F. , Bwire George , Mwita Liberata , Sangeda Raphael Z. , Tungaraza Faustine , Kahere Augustino S. , Ndegeulaya Esther J. , Felician Fatuma F. , Kilonzi Manase , Mikomangwa Wigilya P. , Mlyuka Hamu J. , Marealle Alphonce I. , Mutagonda Ritah , Mloka Doreen , Mwambete Kennedy D.
Published: November 2019

Background Prescription of antibiotics based on microbiological investigations is a commendable rational use of antibiotics and help in fighting the spread of resistance. Although shortage of microbiology laboratory is indicated to impair this practice but prescription without microbiological investigation has been reported even in settings with laboratory facilities. Methods Semi structured key informant interviews with 31 prescribing medical doctors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were conducted from January to June 2019. The purpose of the interviews was to obtain the insight into the prescriptions of antibiotics without microbiological investigations especially in hospitals with laboratory facilities. Results Majority of participants (26/31) were ready to prescribe antibiotics without microbiological investigations. In addition, a total of four major themes were identified as the basis for this practice; i) clinical condition of the patient ii) past experience with the clinical condition and/or patient iii) an intention to prevent the spread of infection and iv) patient’s history and physical examination were adequate to establish the management plan. Conclusion In recognition of the urgent need to improve antibiotic use in hospitals, this study highlights the need to implement hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Pressure dependence of Si diffusion in γ-Fe
Authors: Tsujino Noriyoshi , Mârza Andreea , Yamazaki Daisuke
Published: November 2019

The pressure dependence of Si diffusion in γ-Fe was investigated at pressures of 5–15 GPa and temperatures of 1473–1673 K using the Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus to estimate the rate of mass transportation for the chemical homogenization of the Earth's inner core and those of small terrestrial planets and large satellites. The obtained diffusion coefficients D were fitted to the equation D = D0 exp[−(E* + PV*)/(RT)], where D0 is a constant, E* is the activation energy, P is the pressure, V* is the activation volume, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. The least-squares analysis yielded D0 = 10-1.17±0.54 m2/s, E* = 336 ± 16 kJ/mol, and V* = 4.3 ± 0.2 cm3/mol. Moreover, the pressure and temperature dependences of diffusion coefficients of Si in γ-Fe can also be expressed well using homologous temperature scaling, which is expressed as D = D0exp{–g[Tm(P)]/T}, where g is a constant, Tm(P) is the melting temperature at pressure P, and D0 and g are 10-1.0±0.3 m2/s and 22.0 ± 0.7, respectively. The present study indicates that even for 1 billion years, the maximum diffusion length of Si under conditions in planetary and satellite cores is less than ∼1.2 km. Additionally, the estimated strain of plastic deformation in the Earth's inner core, caused by the Harper–Dorn creep, reaches more than 103 at a stress level of 103–104 Pa, although the inner core might be slightly deformed by other mechanisms. The chemical heterogeneity of the inner core can be reduced only via plastic deformation by the Harper–Dorn creep.
Javanese Document Image Recognition Using Multiclass Support Vector Machine
Authors: Sugianela Yuna , Suciati Nanik
Published: November 2019

Some ancient documents in Indonesia are written in the Javanese script. Those documents contain the knowledge of history and culture of Indonesia, especially about Java. However, only a few people understand the Javanese script. Thus, the automation system is needed to translate the document written in the Javanese script. In this study, the researchers use the classification method to recognize the Javanese script written in the document. The method used is the Multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) using One Against One (OAO) strategy. The researchers use seven variations of Javanese script from the different document for this study. There are 31 classes and 182 data for training and testing data. The result shows good performance in the evaluation. The recognition system successfully resolves the problem of color variation from the dataset. The accuracy of the study is 81.3%.
A Survey on Mixed-Attribute Outlier Detection Methods
Authors: Rokhman Nur
Published: November 2019

In the data era, outlier detection methods play an important role. The existence of outliers can provide clues to the discovery of new things, irregularities in a system, or illegal intruders. Based on the data, outlier detection methods can be classified into numerical, categorical, or mixed-attribute data. However, the study of the outlier detection methods is generally conducted for numerical data. Meanwhile, many real-life facts are presented in mixed-attribute data. In this paper, the researcher presents a survey of outlier detection methods for mixed-attribute data. The methods are classified into four types, namely, categorized, enumerated, combined, and mixed outlier detection methods for mixed-attribute data. Through this classification, the methods can be easily analyzed and improved by applying appropriate functions.
Measurement of narcissism: From classical applications to modern approaches
Authors: Rogoza Radosław , Żemojtel-Piotrowska Magdalena , Campbel William Keith
Published: November 2019

Different conceptions of narcissism exist within the literature such as grandiose, vulnerable, pathological, collective, and communal, each of which can be measured using self-report measures. Within the current paper, we review and discuss most of the existing measures of these different trait (i.e., non-clinical) narcissism constructs. This includes an examination of their underlying theoretical foundations and an evaluation of the scale construction process. We start our review from the one-dimensional measures of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism such as the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, the Short Dark Triad, the Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale, the Narcissistic Vulnerability Scale, and the Single Item Narcissism Scale. Then, we introduce the multidimensional measures to study narcissism such as the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, the Five Factor Narcissism Inventory, and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. The r view concludes by presenting measures of understudied narcissistic constructs such as the Communal Narcissism Inventory and the Collective Narcissism Scale. In general, using one-dimensional scales might provide important insights into the general underpinnings of narcissistic personality, however assessment via multi-dimensional tools better reflects its complex nature.
Effect of Diets with Different Lipid’s Sources On Serum and Brain Fatty Acids Profile: Experimental Model
Authors: Slobodianik Nora H. , Perris Paula D. , Mambrin María Cecilia , Fernandez Inés , Feliu María Susana
Published: November 2019

Background:

The importance of diet in health is widely accepted and recognized. Diet lipid profile is important to prevent chronic diseases and improve the quality of an individual’s life.

Objective:

The objective of this report is to analyze the effect of different sources of dietary lipids with standard and high concentration on growing rats.

Methods:

Experimental diets contained 15 or 42% kcal of fat, provided by butter (B), olive oil (O), high oleic sunflower oil (HO), and sunflower oil (S). Control diet (C) was normocaloric with 15% kcal of fat provided by soy oil. All diets were complete in the other nutrients according to AIN 1993 and were administered for 40 days.

Results:

Daily intake was similar in all groups. The administration of these diets provoked changes in serum fatty acid profile in response to the different sources of dietary lipids used; no changes were observed in the brain´s fatty acids.

Conclusion:

These results would suggest that the organism tries first to supply the brain´s fatty acid needs at the expense of its modification in serum..
Realization Methods of Computer-aided Diagnosis System of Medical Images
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad A. , Kasim Shahreen
Published: November 2019

In this paper, medical images are used to realize the Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD)
system, which develops targeted solutions to existing problems. Relying on the MiCOM platform,
this system has collected and collated cases of all kinds, based on which a unified data model is constructed
according to the gold standard derived by deducting each instance. Afterwards, the object
segmentation algorithm is employed to segment the diseased tissues. Edge modification and feature
extraction are performed for the tissue block segmented. The features extracted are classified by
applying support vector machines or the Naive Bayesian classification algorithm. From the simulation
results, the CAD system developed in this paper allows the realization of diagnosis and treatment
and sharing of data resources.
The Prototype for Drone Self-Navigation Utilizing in Underground Mine
Authors: Nazemi Azadeh , Moghaddam Fatemeh , Tavakolian Niloofar , Afshar Shabnam Z.
Published: November 2019

Aim:

This research aims to find a low cost, safe and feasible approach for localisation in
underground tunnels.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to design a system for drone self-navigation in underground
GPS-denied areas.

Methods:

The self-navigation system proposed by this research utilises triangle similarity for depth
measurement and Quick SIFT key points for marker detection, whereas distance measurement relies
on IMU data integration and marker global coordinate values.

Results:

In order to implement the designed self-navigation system, a prototype was made. This
prototype facilitates drones with capturing devices such as night version camera, measurement devices
such as IMU and processing units such as Raspberry Pi for real-time processing to collect data
from IMU and camera. The processing unit is responsible for sending commands to motor drivers
avoiding obstacles and heading off to the final point.

Conclusion:

Experimental results obtained under laboratory conditions indicated that the average
time for navigating system update was about 0.7sec.
Формирование многоуровневой системы межсоединений и повышение воспроизводимости процесса при создании элементов интегральной электроники
Authors: Мустафаев М.Г. , Мустафаева Д.Г. , Мустафаев Г.А.
Published: November 2019

Показано формирование многоуровневой системы межсоединений (МСМ) в элементах интегральной электроники, определены влияющие факторы, пути снижения внутренних напряжений и обеспечение адгезии. Показано, что МСМ обеспечивает создание надежных и стабильных элементов и воспроизводимость получения МСМ.
Зондовая микроскопия: применения и рекомендации по разработке
Authors: Логинов Б.А. , Логинов П.Б. , Логинов В.Б. , Логинов А.Б.
Published: November 2019

В связи с 40-й годовщиной изобретения сканирующей зондовой микроскопии обобщается опыт ее развития коллективом авторов, приводятся примеры и характеристики исторически сложившихся приложений зондовой микроскопии, даются рекомендации и формулы для последующих разработок.
Семинар "Cверхкритические флюидные технологии – инновационные технологии "зеленой химии" в рамках деловой программы выставки "ХИМИЯ-2019"
Authors: Алёшин А.Н.
Published: November 2019

Международная выставка "ХИМИЯ" проводится с 1965 года и является крупнейшим отраслевым мероприятием химической промышленности и науки в России. Ежегодно выставка представляет передовые решения и новые возможности химического и нефтехимического комплексов для различных отраслей применения. Традиционно выставка сопровождается обширной деловой программой: конференциями, семинарами, круглыми столами по актуальным вопросам российской научной и промышленной химии.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОЦЕНКИ СТОИМОСТИ СТАНКОСТРОИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ
Authors: Кудимов И.
Published: November 2019

Приведены методические основы оценки действующего предприятия. Рассмотрены отраслевые особенности оценки станкостроительного бизнеса и основные подходы к этой оценке.
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОСНАЩЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ДИСПЕРГИРОВАНИЯ ТВЕРДОСПЛАВНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА НА ФРЕЗЕРНЫХ СТАНКАХ С ЧПУ
Authors: Зверовщиков А. , Мясников С. , Дадушкин И. , Нестеров С.
Published: November 2019

Предложена кинематическая схема технологической оснастки для фрезерных станков с ЧПУ и способа диспергирования и сфероидизации металлических материалов на основе электродугового плавления. Рассмотрены возможности оценки размеров сфероидизированных частиц за счет анализа динамики способа. Рассмотрены геометрические характеристики факела распыления частиц при диспергировании.
Analiza odabranih članaka o napadu kemijskim oružjem u Siriji u hrvatskim i njemačkim elektroničkim medijima
Authors: Holy Mirela , Borčić Nikolina , Tomić Diana
Published: November 2019

Rat u Siriji velika je prijetnja globalnoj sigurnosti, prepleteno polje vitalnih
geopolitičkih interesa najvažnijih svjetskih sila – SAD-a i Rusije te njihovih saveznika. Rusija se politički i vojno pozicionirala na strani režima sirijskog predsjednika al-Assada protiv pobunjenika, dok je pozicija SAD-a i članica NATO-a ambivalentna. Osuđuje se nedemokratski režim sirijskog predsjednika i zahtijeva njegov opoziv te se istovremeno osuđuje teroristička prijetnja ISIS-a koji se stopio sa sirijskim pobunjeničkim pokretom. Korištenje kemijskog oružja u Siriji u travnju 2017. prijetilo je eskalacijom u otvoreni ratni sukob SAD-a i NATO-ovih saveznica s Rusijom, a to je bilo vidljivo i putem propagandnog djelovanja u medijima. S obzirom na činjenicu da se “proizvodnja pristanka” za politička rješenja i ratna djelovanja postiže korištenjem propagande, u radu se analizirao sadržaj elektroničkih medija na temu napada kemijskim oružjem u Siriji u dvjema članicama NATO-a, Njemačkoj i Hrvatskoj, odnosno je li se koristila propaganda prilikom izvještavanja o trima događajima ili pseudo-događajima,
povezanih s korištenjem kemijskog oružja.
Mercury content and distribution in household dust and soil in the town of Sid
Authors: Nedic Aleksandra , Pucarevic Mira , Ninkov Jordana , Stojic Natasa , Milic Dubravka
Published: November 2019

Mercury (Hg) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are components of
household dust and are a risk for human health. The aim of this study was to
determine the concentrations of Hg and PTEs in household dust in individual
housing facilities in the town of Sid, Serbia and their correlation to the
content of the elements found in the surrounding garden soil. Total of 64
samples of household dust were collected from 16 locations of individual
housing facilities on 4 occasions. Samples of surrounding yard and garden
soil were simultaneously collected. None of the 64 analysed soil samples
exceeded the threshold limit (TL) prescribed by law for non-agricultural
soil, which is 0.3 mg kg-1 DM. Content of Hg in household dust was much
higher than in the surrounding soil and ranged from 0.005 to 1.566 mg kg-1
DM. The resulting values of PTEs (As, B, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in
household dust had a significantly higher range than in the soil. Contents
of Hg, B, Cu, and Zn were much higher in household dust than in the soil.
According to the results of correlations of the analysed elements in
household dust and surrounding soil, and according to the analysed
locations, direct effect of Hg and PTEs contents on the content of the same
elements in household dust was not confirmed.
A Reexamination of Earnings Management through Permanently Reinvested Earnings
Authors: Mathis Mollie E.
Published: November 2019

Krull (2004) finds evidence that firms manage earnings through the permanently reinvested earnings (PRE) designation using the backing-out methodology. However, Lim and Lustgarten (2002) demonstrate that studies using the backing-out methodology may be subject to Type I errors. In this study, I demonstrate that the Krull measure of pre-managed earnings is susceptible to Type I errors. I then introduce an alternative measure based on Gupta, Laux, and Lynch (2016), and I find no evidence of earnings management through PRE using the Gupta measure of pre-managed earnings in the cross-section. However, among a sample of firms with the greatest ability to manage earnings through PRE, I find evidence of upward earnings management through PRE using both the Krull and Gupta measures.
Fracture Resistance and Marginal Adaptation of Capped and Uncapped Bulk-fill Resin-based Materials
Authors: Al-Nahedh HN , Alawami Z
Published: November 2019

Objectives:

This study tested the fracture resistance of capped and uncapped bulk-fill composite restorations and compared them to a conventional composite. Also, the effect of different radiant exposure was investigated.

Methods and Materials:

Flowable and high-viscosity bulk-fill composites (SureFil SDR, Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior, and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill) and a nanohybrid resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT) were used. Standardized class II cavities were prepared on extracted premolars, and different restoration protocols were used. In protocol 1 (control), restoration was applied using a layering technique; in protocol 2, restoration was applied in bulk with a capping layer; in protocol 3, restoration was applied in bulk without a capping layer; and in protocol 4, restoration was applied in bulk without a capping layer, and the light curing time was extended. After thermocycling, the restorations were examined for marginal gaps and then subjected to the fracture resistance test using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was carried out using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by one-way ANOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results:

A statistically significant difference in the fracture resistance of the tested materials and protocols was detected. Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior achieved the highest fracture resistance values regardless of the protocol used, and its results were comparable to those of Filtek Z350. SDR and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill achieved their highest strengths when a capping layer was added. Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill showed improvement in fracture resistance with extended light curing, while SDR and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill achieved similar results with the addition of a capping layer. The uncapped bulk-fill group showed more gap-free margins than the capped group.

Conclusion:

The new high-viscosity bulk-fill composite restorations seem to have adequate fracture resistance. However, the results are material dependent, and some materials perform better with a capping layer and extended light curing.