bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of the Portable Motorcycle Cover
Authors: Mat Jusoh Mohammad Azzeim , Che Ashari Muhamad Sufian , Rashid Helmi
Published: June 2020

As fuel cost increases, majority of road users in Malaysia turns to motorcycle as an economical method of transportation. Unfortunately, the weather condition in this country is unpredictable especially with sudden rainy season. Due to this reason, the idea of a portable motorcycle cover has been developed. The objective of this project is to design a motorcycle cover, which can protect the user from rain and other weather condition. Currently, we are focusing the usage in a non-mobile (static) mode. The design shall focus on workability and ease of installation, followed by the affordability factor. This design was generated with the aid of CATIA software as the design tools. FEA simulation was performed in order to validate the performance. Result shows that the safety factor of the most critical section (rear compartment) is around 7.15, which is within safety range. Performance check on the prototype shows reliable result. In near future, more improvement shall be made towards the design to enhance the function and performance factor.
The Effect of Zn on the Properties of Mg-10Al-6Ca-1Sn Alloy
Authors: Rosmamuhamadani R. , Mahat M.M. , Sabrina M.Y
Published: June 2020

In this study, Mg-10Al-6Ca-1Sn and Mg-17Al-4Zn-3Ca-1Sn composite alloys were prepared. They were prepared by melting them in argon atmosphere on a water-cooled copper hearth. The sample were then analyse to determine the microstructure and mechanical properties using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and hardness testing, respectively. Moreover, a few of tests had been done to observe and determine microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys. Mg-17Al-4Zn-3Ca-1Sn alloy, the microstructure of Mg-17Al-4Zn-3Ca-1Sn alloy distinctly portrays fine grains, resulting abundant of grain boundaries, which consist of eutectic phase, surround of primary magnesium grains. In contrast, the Mg-10Al-6Ca-1Sn alloy exhibits large differences in grain size. As a control, the sample without the addition of Zn element portrays large particles and creating very small amount of grain boundaries in the captured area of 30 µm. In perspective of mechanical properties, Mg-17Al-4Zn-3Ca-1Sn composite alloy showed higher Vickers hardness value with average of 81.8 Hv compared to Mg-10Al-6Ca-1Sn composite alloy, which was 70.5 Hv. In conclusion, the addition of Zn has effectively improved the hardness of the Mg alloy. This is supported by XRD analysis, which confirms the phase of new alloys that composed of Zinc element.
Study on Rheological and Dimensional Properties of Polypropylene on End-Of-Life Vehicles
Authors: Bin Abdul Hamid Mohd Hafiz Izzuden , Mohd Salleh Noor Azlina Binti , Mohamad Nor Nor Hafiez , Bin Ismail Muhammad Hussain , Bin Yahya Muhammad Firdaus , Bin Saari Mat Isa , Mohd Pisal Siti Maisarah
Published: June 2020

As the global population increased, the production of vehicles also has increased. It is estimated that the population of vehicles in the world has exceeded 1.32 billion units at the end of 2016. The increased vehicle production brings a lot of negative impact to the environment such as noise pollution and the increase of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). This study aims on the potential of recycled polypropylene that has been used in ELVs. The recycled materials are obtained from vehicles dismantling center at DRB-HICOM Environmental Services Sdn Bhd. The materials were then cleaned and crushed into the pellet before undergoing rheological test at the heat treatment laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Uitm Shah Alam. The purpose of rheological test is to study the melt flow behavior of recycled polypropylene in order to obtain the optimum temperature to be applied in plastic injection molding process. The graph of shear viscosity vs. shear rate represents the behavior of both materials at 190°C, 200°C and 210°C. Then materials are produced as a new product. The process of plastic injection molding is carried out at Sheikh Brothers Industries Sdn Bhd in Pelabuhan Klang.
Competitive Molecular Interaction between Zinc Dialkydithiophosphate (ZDDP) and Methyl Oleate along Boundary Lubrication Regime
Authors: Hamdan S. H. , Lee M. B. , Chong W. W. F.
Published: June 2020

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) possesses good lubricity properties, prompting numerous research work to explore their potential as lubricant additives. However, fully formulated lubricants consist of additive packages, which includes essential anti-wear agents, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). Adding FAME into a lubricant could lead to adverse tribological effects if the competitive molecular interaction between different additives are not well understood. Therefore, the present study determines the tribological impact of molecular interaction between ZDDP and methyl oleate along boundary lubrication regime. Lateral force microscopy, coupled with fluid imaging approach, is adopted, allowing for the analysis to focus on asperity level interaction. A silicon nitride tip is used to slide against a mirror-polished steel substrate while being fully submerged in the tested fluids. The tested fluids are mixtures of ZDDP and methyl oleate, blended at different volumetric percentages. It is observed that the lowest friction force is measured for ZDDP-methyl oleate mixture containing 70-vol% of methyl oleate. Interestingly, the friction force measured for such mixture is found to be lower than that of neat methyl oleate. This finding indicates that an optimum blending ratio between FAME and ZDDP is essential in achieving better boundary lubrication performance for tribological conjunctions.
T6 Solutionizing Heat Treatment Parameter of A356 Alloy by Investment Casting
Authors: Bazilah N. F. , Kamal M. R. M. , Maidin N. A. , Marjom Z. , Ali M. A. M. , Ahmad U. H.
Published: June 2020

The heat treatment process is important to conduct on A356 Aluminum Alloy that broadly used in an automotive application. Analysis of the effect grain refinement, eutectic silicon modification of T6 solutionizing heat treatment parameter on strength development of A356 Aluminum Alloy were performed to become an important prospect of controlling the behaviour of materials as well as duration and temperature. In this study, there are three parameters condition were conducted which is duration Time (Hour) and Temperature (°C) which is 465°C in 8 hours, 500°C in 7 hours and 535°C in 6 hours, respectively. The study generated three responses that are tensile, hardness test and microstructure analysis of the different temperature and duration time, respectively following by water-quenching. The result showed that the modification of duration time and high temperature of solutionizing heat treatment have superior mechanical properties while the microstructure analysis showed the clear formation of refinement α-Al dendrite and eutectic silicon particle.
Grain Growth Prediction of Bead-on-Plate with Filler Wire SS316L using FEM
Authors: Mat Muhd Faiz , Manurung Yupiter H. P. , Muhammad Norasiah , Ditler Anton , Abd Ghani Mohd Syakir , Leitner Martin
Published: June 2020

This fundamental investigation presents the study on the grain growth prediction for bead-on-plate of stainless steel SS316L. At first, the numerical model is developed by using basic equation with ordinary differential equation for calculating the grain growth with the presence of growing precipitates. The modified kinetic constant (M
o
*) is defined based on experimental investigation using quench and deformation dilatometer for peak temperature of 1200°C and holding time of 30 seconds. The FEM simulation is conducted based on temperature dependant materials properties using MSC Marc/Mentat. As the outcome various temperature ranges for calculating the grain growth are presented. These results are to be used for further investigation using experimental bead-on-plate.
Distortion Analysis of SLM Product of SS316L using Inherent Strain Method
Authors: Taufek Thoufeili , Manurung Yupiter HP , Lüder Stephan , Graf Marcel , Salleh Farrahshaida Mohd.
Published: June 2020

As one of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, selective laser melting (SLM) which uses higher energy input enabling fully molten powder bed materials is nowadays increasingly applied to build full dense components without post processing. In the present work, specimens made of stainless steel powder SS 316L were to be processed using SLM Solutions 280 HL, characterized and compared to the simulation from Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Software. The powders have been melted to produce cantilever specimens with different build orientation by using fixed major process parameters such as laser power, hatching distance and layer thickness as well as scan speed. The experiment starts with the FEA simulation which focused on Inherent Strain Method (ISM) and followed by experimental process. While the distortion of the specimens after the process to be the main concern and to be discussed based on the build orientation of the specimens. The measurement distortion of the specimens was conducted by using KEYENCE 3D scanner. It is found out that the build orientation play a big role on distortion of the specimens made from SLM. Meanwhile, result of distortion from the experiment and FEA simulation are close to each other. It is expected that this basic FEA study will provide basic information and estimation towards the distortion and computational time by simulating product prior to commencement of real product manufacturing. Thus, by using ISM will reduce the computational time and reduce the waste material by simulating the process before the experiment have been held.
Investigation of Tensile Properties of the Eco-Board of Hybrid Composite that Consist Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Fiber Added with Rice Husk
Authors: Abdul Karim M. H. , Mohd Shah M. K. , Jundam M. F. , Abdullah S.
Published: June 2020

This project focuses on the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre that be added with rice husk (RH) as an alternative raw material to replace wood in a several types of industries. ASTM D3039 standard for tensile test was used to design and compose a composite of EFB fiber reinforced rice husk. In this study, the specimen were be created by the compression method based on the numerous ratio that be chosen which is specimen A, pure EFB, specimen B (93.3g EFB: 6.7g RH), Specimen C (86.6g EFB: 13.4g RH) and specimen D (66.7g EFB: 33.3g RH). The objective of this research is to identify the tensile properties of the Eco-board of hybrid composite and to determine the best properties to be introduced to the industry. The failure pattern and fractography failure mode were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The tensile test was performed to characterize the hybrid composite properties using a GOTECH/AI-7000M Electronic Mechanical Testing Machine. Result showed that the higher the rice husk added to the EFB fiber, the higher its tensile strength up to certain ratio. As the conclusion, the rice husk help the EFB fiber to increase strength however at the optimum value ratio where the best properties of hybrid composite is specimen C with 9.685 MPa and suitable for many application.
The Significant Study of using Vegetable Oil as a Cutting Lubricant on Conventional Lathe Machine
Authors: Ahmad U. H. , Azman A. H. M. , Maidin N. A. , Abdul Wakhi Anuar N. F. B. , Abd Rahman M. H.
Published: June 2020

The occurrence of tool wear in machining is a natural phenomenon that cause failure. The deformation during cutting at the interface between the tool face and workpiece tends to generate high cutting temperature. The application of flood coolant to reduce the friction at the tool-work piece may create several environmental problems. The introduction of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) as an alternative technique which is the process of pulverizing a very small amount of oil (< 30ml/h) can be regarded as replacement of dry machining while it may also be considered as an alternative to flood cooling. The effect of vegetable oil lubricant and cutting speed on tool wear and surface integrity were the research scope. Three machine speed; 120, 141, and 174 m/min were used in the experimental setup on mild steel and carbon steel on work material using cemented carbide tools. The result of surface roughness and tool wear using canola oil mixing with 2 weight percent (wt%) of Zinc-dialkyl-dithio-phosphate (ZDDP) were compared against synthetic oil coolant. Comparison results show that canola oil mix can perform better compare to the synthetic oil coolant in term of surface finish. From tool wear perspective, canola oil mix show 26.5% smaller area compare to the synthetic oil coolant.
Recent Advances in Metal Forming Simulation Technology for Automobile Parts by AFDEX
Authors: Joun Mansoo
Published: June 2020

In this presentation, hot issues of metal forming simulation are presented, including intelligent remeshing, flow stress modelling and material identification, friction, material model, complete analysis, quality quantification and optimal process design, multi-body forming simulation technology, sheet and plate forging by bulk finite element, etc. Some selected success stories for recent two decades are also introduced with a lot of industrial applications, especially to automobile industries. Finally, some futuristic research works are introduced for weight reduction and maximized life-span of auto-parts to save the global environments and some suggestion of international cooperation for the common pursuit is stated in conclusion.
Cycle Time Reduction for Coating Process in Manual Assembly Manufacturing Towards Economic Sustainability
Authors: Janasekaran Shamini , Vijayasree Vijaya Prakash , Chong Marcus K H
Published: June 2020

Lean manufacturing has been one of the techniques to eliminate waste in production to increase productivity. Improper usage of cycle time can extend lead-time of delivery for the production and incur more cost than needed. Determining sufficient cycle time is important to ensure the productivity of the each assembly line is within the delivery time span. Improvement of productivity contributes in maintaining sustainable environment that attracts customer and government supports. In this paper, a case study in a manufacturing assembly line was conducted to identify the operator’s motion waste as non-value added activity. As a result, the cycle time was reduced from 60 seconds to 50 seconds in a multiple engaging production activities besides improving the ergonomic posture of the operators. A double four stages rack was designed to reduce the cycle time by 16.7%, which leads to increment of 1000 units of products per month. The rack was built-in together within the assembly process and reduced movement of operators.
The effect of urban obstacles on the flow distribution at pedestrian area
Authors: Zainol M A , Razak A A , Mohamad M F , Pahroraji H F , Sobri A , Kasim H A , Khalid A H
Published: June 2020

The pedestrian level is an important area where most of the human activities occur in this area such as walking, reading, and cycling. Along with the pedestrian activities, there are small street shops are builds and presences of the vehicle at the street canyon where people park their cars in this area. This study aims to investigate the effect of the presence of obstacles such as vehicles at the street canyon on wind flow structure and ventilation performance. A computational simulation study is carried out to analyze the contribution of obstacles to pedestrian ventilation performance. A steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation with the realizable standard k-ε model is used as a turbulence solver. The result showed presences of obstacle at a pedestrian level will effect on wind flow structure where the flow becomes more chaotic compared with no presences of obstacles at a pedestrian level. Furthermore, the air change rate (ACH) is reducing as the number of obstacles increase thus will affect the ventilation performance at the pedestrian area. The presences of an obstacle such as vehicle and street shops will contribute to the wind flow structure and ventilation performable at pedestrians’ level.
Evaluation of TiO2 nanoparticles as viscosity modifier in palm oil bio-lubricant
Authors: Nik Roselina N R , Mohamad Nor Syahirah , Kasolang S.
Published: June 2020

TiO2 nanoparticles is one of the most studied nanomaterials as an additive in oil lubricant due to its outstanding chemical and physical properties as well as low toxicity. This study aims to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles, as additive in renewable palm oil lubricant on the change of viscosity. Viscosity is one of the most vital physical parameters for assessing the performance of lubricant oil. The method for preparation of all samples involved adding of TiO2 nanoparticles at concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 1.0 weight percentage in lubricants, followed by mixing using ultrasonication method for 30 minutes. Investigation on the viscosity showed that the viscosity of palm oil bio-lubricants is comparable to SAE 0W20 grade lubricant. The viscosity index tends to increase with the concentration of TiO2 additive.
Assessment of Level-of-Service for On-Ramp Expressway using MHCM 2011 and Microsimulation Vissim
Authors: Bin Abu Bakar Muhammad Azim Muiz , Adnan Muhammad Akram , Sulaiman Norliana , Tuan Besar Tuan Badrol Hisham
Published: June 2020

The traffic congestion during peak hour in Malaysia is becoming worst from year to year due to the increase of traffic demand volume. At the year 2018, the total accumulated vehicles in Malaysia are 14,415,978 vehicles in 2018 based on 16-hours traffic volume [4]. Based on this figure, the normal growth of the vehicle has increased by 0.74% per year. It is crucial for traffic engineer in Malaysia to follow an appropriate standard and manual to determine the performance of highway facilities that will provide accurate result reflecting the existing operation of the highway. Thus, this paper provides the comparative study in evaluating the performance of the on-ramp segment between Malaysia Highway Capacity Manual 2011 (MHCM 2011) and microsimulation Vissim. The evaluation of performance measure for on-ramp expressway is based on the traffic density at merge influence area. Both performances measured using MHCM 2011 and Vissim was statistically compared with collected empirical data and the difference in the level of service (LOS) is also compared. The result from this study will determine which tools will be able to replicate the empirical data and the difference of grade of LOS between MHCM 2011 and Vissim.
CFD analysis on velocity and temperature distribution of airflow inside model building with windcatcher
Authors: Ali Nor Merlisa , Mohd Yatim Muyassarah Syahirah , Bahsan Rosnadiah
Published: June 2020

Windcatchers are ventilation instruments used for obtaining the characteristic of cooling. They have been utilized in the buildings for a long time ago in countries with hot dry atmospheres especially in the Middle East. Natural ventilation is progressively utilized in the modern building to limit the use of non- sustainable supply. This study describes another alternative for adopting clean energy in buildings by applying windcatcher on buildings. This present study analyses between two types of windcatcher (one-sided and two-sided windcatcher) by varying the inlet velocity of airflow. This study aims to investigate wind velocity and temperature distribution in a model building with one outlet opening position using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. Reynolds-Average Navier Stokes (RANS) approach with the turbulence model of standard k-ε was used to perform the simulation. It is shown that the two-sided windcatcher is more effective than the one-sided windcatcher. Two-sided windcatcher induces a high volume of airflow inside the building compared to the one-sided windcatcher.
Experimental analysis on the effects of pigmentation in the defects formation of the polypropylene plastic injection moulding
Authors: Kausalyah V , Nik Maisara E N M , Shasthri S
Published: June 2020

Pigment levels are known to have an effect on defect formation of the plastic injection moulding parts. Warpage, Shrinkage and Flash are common defects that were found during plastic injection moulding process. It was found that the pigment does play a role in the formation of defects on the plastic injection moulding parts. The main finding of this case study is to analyse and study the warpage, shrinkage and flash defects that were found in the Plastic Injection Moulding (PIM) parts which are moulded with different pigmentation percentages. It is also to identify the effects of the different pigments colours on the moulding quality of the parts when the pigment percentage is made constant. In this research, the dog bone design was used as the experimental specimen. The material used in this study is Polypropylene (PP). The other parameters such as injection pressure, melting temperature and cooling time were set to constant. The only parameter that varies is percentage of pigmentation. Warpage, Shrinkage and Flash defects are measured and calculated to obtain the value of defects. The pigmentation gives a huge effect on Warpage and Flash deformation. The warping and flash increase as the percentage of pigmentation increase. The highest value for warpage and flash are 3.0732 and 1.45304 respectively. Moreover, blue pigment gives the lowest value for Warpage and Flash defect. While yellow has the highest warping and flash defects. However, it was found that shrinkage is not affected by the pigmentation. The shrinkage result is less than 1%.
Data Characterization of 4 Axis Shadow Robot Arm Integrated with Flex Sensor Mechanism
Authors: Amari M. D. , Abdullah Sukarnur Che , Aik Lee Yong
Published: June 2020

Robotic arms have seen widespread use in various industries in the recent years. However, most robotic arms are controlled to move in a predetermined path. The goal of this study is to develop a wirelessly controlled robotic arm which is able to mimic the user’s movements. The arm enables easier programming of robotic arms and increases ease of use of such arms. Methods of collecting the anthropometric measurements of the human body to be translated to digital data have been investigated. Integration of flex sensor for the fingertips move-ments were used to mimic by detecting the bending moment from the user. As for elbow detection, variable resistor was used to detect the changes by converting the changes of angle at the elbow structure to resistance value. Both of the data were mapped accordingly to the exoskeleton arm receiver by using wireless Bluetooth to ensure all structure move accurately with even slight changes done by the user. The optimization and filtering of the recorded data was also conducted in the study to develop a robotic arm that is able to mimic the human arm motion to the highest accuracy possible.
Microstructural Characterization and Microhardness of Leucite Glass-Ceramics Synthesized from Sarawak Sand Reserves.
Authors: Qamaruzzaman J. , Ismail M. H. , Muchtar A. , Selamat M. , Ahmad R.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying the sintering temperature and holding time on the crystallization and microhardness of the SiO2 – Al2O3 –K2O glass system using SiO2 from Sarawak sand reserves. A starting glass composition of SiO2 (from Sarawak sand), Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, LiO and TiO2 was prepared by conventional melt quenching technique followed by ball milling. The glass powder was pressed under pressure into disk-shaped compacts with 2 mm thicknesses and 14 mm diameters. The samples were then subjected to differing heat treatment schedules of 750°C, 800°C and 850°C with 1, 3 and 6 hours holding times. They were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers microhardness. XRD showed the crystallization of tetragonal leucite with minor secondary sanidine phases. SEM showed the formation irregular shaped and non-uniformly dispersed crystals. The hardness values showed an increasing trend with longer holding time at temperatures of 750°C and 800°C. This pattern was inversed for sintering temperature 850°C. In conclusion, sintering temperatures and holding time combinations influenced the crystallization and microhardness values of leucite glass ceramics produced from Sarawak sand silica.
Effect of Additives on Performance and Emission Characteristic of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel
Authors: Rahim Asiah Ab. , Sharudin Hazim , Quhairy Sapri Mohd Aflah , Jalaludin Helmisyah Ahmad , Abdullah Nik Rosli
Published: June 2020

The depletion of fossil fuel resources and environmental pollution are two major crises that are currently faced by mankind. As the solution for the crises, an additive liquid like Tripmexx is introduced into automotive industries to increase performance of internal combustion engine, hence reducing bad emission to the environment. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of various Tripmexx mixed into 80% diesel and 20% biodiesel (B20) with an amount of 0.1 ml (B20-0.1), 0.2ml (B20-0.2), and 0.3ml (B20-0.3) compared to conventional pure diesel. The experiment was carried out by using single cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine, and conducted with constant speed at range of 1000, 1500, and 2000 rpm with various load range from 2Nm to 6Nm. For constant speed 2000 rpm, the B20-0.3 is in lower brake specific fuel consumption value compared to the diesel fuel by 40% on average. The blend B20-0.3 produce higher brake thermal efficiency reading compared to diesel fuel by 5%. Besides, the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon product of B20-0.3 is lower than diesel fuel by 92% and 0.002% respectively. However, the nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide produced by B20-0.3 is higher than diesel fuel by 68% and 50% respectively. In overall, the B20-0.3 shows the best results for all measured parameters at all engine test due to consideration of green fuel.
Effect of TRIPMEXX Additives on Engine Performance of a 1.6L Multi-Cylinder Gasoline Engine
Authors: Sharudin Hazim , Abdullah Nik Rosli , Asiah A R , Jalaludin Helmisyah Ahmad , Matthew EE
Published: June 2020

This study discusses the findings of the project data obtained from the experimental work. It was based on the analysis of experimental output responses obtained which were Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), power and engine torque. A 1.6L multi-cylinder gasoline engine was used to investigate the effect of TRIPMEXX on the fuel economy. The experiment was performed at variations of engine speed (1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 rpm) with a constant engine load of 40 Nm. From the results obtained, it showed that brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), power and engine torque for TRIPMEXX were better than gasoline fuel without TRIPMEXX fuel additive. Combustion efficiency of gasoline engine has improved with the use of TRIPMEXX fuel additives. Overall, Fuel Economy, Power and Engine Torque for 1 ml + 10L RON95 fuel sample showed the best results for all measured parameters at all engine test conditions.
Investigation of Corrosion Rate for Different Type of Welding Joints using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
Authors: Sulaiman S. A. , Abdullah B. , Alias S. K. , Ahmad N. N. , Aziz M. N. A
Published: June 2020

Corrosion is the deterioration of a metal as a result of chemical reactions between metal and its surrounding. Different type of metal and environmental condition, particularly gasses that are in contact with the metal, determine the rate of corrosion. Different type of welding joints can be factors that contribute to the corrosion problems since different type of welding joint normally exposed to the corrosion and erosion agents like salt, air, water, material composition, dissolved oxygen content in the fluid, pH and fluid’s velocity characteristics. Research was carried out in order to investigate the corrosion rate on mild steel at 3 different types of welding joint which are butt joint, lap joint and edge joint after immersed in Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Hydrochloric acid (HCl), distilled water and natural sea water for 30 to 50 days. The mild steel was joined using Shielded Metal Arc Welding. For each of the welding joint the parameters were fixed which are current, voltage and speed of travel. Immersion and hardness test were conducted to distinguish the corrosion rate. Results shown butt joint suffered the highest corrosion rate than lap joint and edge joint and morphology transformation differences occur during the corrosion process.
Musculoskeletal Discomfort Evaluation using Quick Exposure Check (QEC) among Tower Crane Operators
Authors: Ibrahim N A , Rahman S A S A , Ismail S H , Abdullah H
Published: June 2020

Tower crane operators are at risk of developing Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) due to work schedules that require prolonged sitting with minimal movements. The aim of this study was to assess the discomfort levels associated with the musculoskeletal disorder and its severity on affected human body areas of tower crane operators while driving and handling of materials. This study was conducted amongst 32 tower crane operators at the construction sites of a high-rise building in Klang Valley. A Quick Exposure Check (QEC) was used to assess the MSDs levels and the affected severity on human body areas. The results from the QEC showed the body parts that were associated with a very high risk of MSDs were the back and neck. Other factors contributed to the high risk of MSDs among tower crane operators were identified as driving and vibration. MSDs among tower crane operators were evident from the QEC analysis. Therefore, it is essential to include ergonomic intervention in the workplace in order to minimize the risk.
AHP-QFD in assessing the outcome of gemba kaizen events
Authors: Mohd Rusli M H , Jaffar A , Kasolang S , Kayat S M
Published: June 2020

The study shows the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) as a tool in assessing the outcome of the Gemba Kaizen Event. AHP-QFD method is used to analyze the process of prioritizing the Lean strategy, tools and technique for a Gemba Kaizen Event performed at a manufacturing company. The data obtained from the Gemba Kaizen Event were analyzed with AHP-QFD method in which the research evaluated the best combination and prioritization of lean elements to be deployed systematically. The analysis shows the linkage between the needs and lean strategies. The study found that the main strategy to implement Lean depends on the needs of the production situation of the company. The approach is mainly about improvement in process flow, standardization of the process, creation of Kanban Pull System and process visualization for control of the production.
Production output real time data monitoring based on internet of things (IOT) at automotive part machining line
Authors: Shahar M S , Mohd Salleh N A , Shahrom N S , Norsham S H
Published: June 2020

DRB HICOM Berhad is currently facing challenge which is lack of accuracy and real time information on their machining output data. With a new era of the Internet of Things (IoT), it may reduce hassle for better productivity and quality. This paper proposes on Internet of Things (IoT) based real-time monitoring data production output at machining line in which the output parts will be monitored over a webserver using internet and will notify workers when a breakdown occurs through hand phone notification. The system is designed to collect data automatically such as plan vs actual goods, reject output and breakdown time and display them on OLED board as well as on webpage for the workers and management to see and monitor it easily without being in the working line area. The data from this should be transmitted to the management without human intervention. Moreover, it also offers a better solution to the workers and management to know the condition of the machining line and can take immediate preventive measures. The efficiency of the machining line can be improved gradually as a result of better system. Hence, the real-time monitoring data production output at machining line will help the company to generate higher revenue, obtain faster and accurate production data.
Effect of Acid Treatment on Extraction of Silica from Cogon Grass by Using C6H8O7 and HCL Acid
Authors: Zarib N A , Abdullah S A , Jusri N A
Published: June 2020

Cogon grass is one type of agricultural wastes that can easily be found around the world. A cogon grass contains with relatively low lignin (5.67%), ash (8.24%) and acceptable holo-cellulose and cellulose solubility of 64.9% and 37.1% respectively. The focus of this paper is to analyse the effect of acid treatment of silica extraction of cogon grass due to silica as a raw material that can be apply in industrial. Parameters such as concentration of acid and weight percentage used in cogon grass during organic and inorganic leaching method were also compared. In this paper, citric acid (C6H8O7) and hydrochloric acid was used for production of silica from cogon grass. Samples were characterized using Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The result indicates that highest percentage silica of cogon grass after leaching was on 1.0M via HCL acid leaching and has an amorphous structure.
Thermal cutting analysis on grain size distribution using probabilistic FEM
Authors: Sulaiman Mohd Shahar , Manurung Yupiter HP , Graf Marcel , Mohamad Syakir AG , Muhd Faiz M
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates the capability of probabilistic FEM to predict grain size distributions due to thermal cutting process. The application of transient heat source causes non-uniform temperature distribution across the parent metal that can lead to non-uniform expansion and contraction during heating and cooling cycle. This phenomenon will induce thermal stresses to the workpiece that can subsequently lead to unwanted cutting deformation. Therefore, prediction of temperature distribution is important in order to control the amount of heat required in the cutting process. The simulation was computed through probabilistic FEM using Monte Carlo method based on non-linear thermo-elastic-plastic numerical analysis. The probabilistic FEM was carried out by varying the input power. In this study, the simulation method had been executed by using FEM software MSC MARC. The simulation analysis was also executed using customized material input module in order to take the grain growth into consideration during the cutting process. The additional subroutine of grain growth was introduced and implemented in order to predict the grain size distribution. The material used for the simulation was stainless steel 316L with the thickness of 2 mm. Based on the results obtained, it was found out that slight differences of the results were achieved between deterministic and probabilistic methods. The small observable differences occurred due to the probabilistic method was only executed to fluctuate the input power, while the other process parameters were still unchanged. Nevertheless, the Monte Carlo method was successfully integrated into the normal simulation which then transforming it into probabilistic analysis. Thus, through probabilistic method, reliability on prediction could be increased in which the prediction would be closer to reality.
Development of Child Safety Car Alert System Using Arduino and GSM Module
Authors: Hazizan A. , Md Lazam N. A. , Hassan N. I.
Published: June 2020

The Child Safety Car Alert System by Arduino is an integrated device that sends alerts to the driver if a child is left unintendedly in the car. The system is developed using the Arduino board which incorporates the integration between sensors and GSM module. This system uses pressure and motion sensors to detect the presence of a child located at the back seat of the vehicles. Meanwhile, the GSM or Global System for Mobile Communication allows the system to send an alert to the driver within a short period. The GSM is chosen due to its ability to lower the energy consumption per bit while providing higher data rates. Two sensors are used; Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR) Sensor and Pressure Infrared (PIR) Sensor. The alert system is triggered when both sensors detect the presence of a child at the back of the car seat which will then notify the parents or a driver immediately through a message sent via a mobile phone.
The Efficacy of Visual and Auditory Bird Scaring Techniques using Drone at Paddy Fields
Authors: Wan Mohamed Wan Mazlina , Mohd Naim Mohamad Nizar , Abdullah Afiq
Published: June 2020

Birds can cause damages to crop and financial losses to farmers and able to spread exotic diseases such as Avian influenza and Newcastle disease to human. Numerous methods have been used in controlling birds, e.g. chemical, auditory, visual and lethal. In this research, visual and auditory methods were applied, where reflective boards and speaker were installed on a drone and were flown at different altitudes and intervals. The scaring approach were divided into five (5) categories; reflective board only, ultrasonic sound, predator sound, combination of reflective board and ultrasonic sound and combination of reflective board and predator sound. The test was conducted at a paddy field plot, Botanical Park, Shah Alam. The findings indicate that combination of visual and auditory techniques scared the highest number of birds. However, the effectiveness gradually decreases as altitude increases. The interval of flight does not show any correlation with the number of birds that flew away. It is recommended to conduct future research far from residential area due the sound from the drone and auditory devices which cause disturbances to residents. Future experiments should be conducted in a control environment, free from human and ground vehicles interruption in order to have better observations on the efficacy of the chosen methods.
Effects of Material Properties in Spinal Fusion Cage for Lumbar Vertebrae
Authors: Yahya Rusnani , Shudin Muhammad Lukman , Mazlan Muhammad Hazli , Shuib Solehuddin , Abdullah Abdul Halim
Published: June 2020

Vertebral endplate subsidence failure will increase the possibility of mechanical instability in the lumbar spinal fusion. The spinal implants of cages are many type of design that can be use in spinal fusion and the type of material also been considerate. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) cage is believed to maintain the stability and to promote fusion between vertebrae. Different type biomaterial of cage was made by metal, ceramic and polymer, also composite. The Posterior Instrument (PI) such pedicle screw and rod was made by Titanium Alloy. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different materials of cage in lumbar fusion. 3D vertebrae model (L3-L4) with interbody fusion using different material properties such as PEEK, PLA, Cobalt Chromium, Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel. A fusion model with pedicle screw systems L3–L4 levels were reconstructed based on the respective surgical protocols. The stress distribution and total deformation of the cage were measured under different compressive loading conditions and motion. Results show that the titanium alloy is the best material for metal categories while PLA (Poly lactic acid) for composite category.
Parameter Optimization of WC-TaC-6Co Green Part in Injection Moulding using Taguchi Method
Authors: Pahroraji Hazriel Faizal , Irwan Ibrahim Mohd Halim , Muniandy Prathabrao , Amin Sri Yulis M , Alias Siti Khadijah
Published: June 2020

This study represents the injection moulding parameters optimization via Taguchi method on density and porosity of the green part of cemented carbide WC-TaC-6Co. The experiment commences with the preparation of WC-TaC-6Co feedstock mixed with 60 % palm stearin (PS), and 40 % of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The important parameters for this study are the percentage of grain growth inhibitor (GGI), temperature of injection, injection pressure and injection speed. Utilizing orthogonal array L9 (34), signal to noise ratio (S/N) was used to determine the significant levels and its contribution to the responses of density and porosity. The study signified that for density and porosity response, injection pressure and GGI is the most influential parameters. Based on that, it was found that the best parameter combinations for density and porosity is, GGI at 1.2 wt. %, temperature of injection at 155°C, injection pressure at 55% and 50%, and injection speed at 40% and 30%. Thus, it is determined that by controlling the setting of the best parameter, the optimal quality of the desired product can be accomplished and sustained without much complications during the process.
Effect of Sintered Alumina Blended Polyethylene Glycol Binder on the Pin on Disc Test Parameter
Authors: Abd Aziz Siti Norazlini , Abu Bakar Mimi Azlina , Kasolang Salmiah , Ismail Muhammad Hussain
Published: June 2020

This study presents the effects of sintering temperature and binder content of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on wear properties of compacted alumina using pin on disc wear test under dry sliding condition. Wear rate was measured at 20N load and sliding speed of 200rpm at 0.28 m/s sliding velocity. The wear test sample was tested at 3 different sintering temperatures (1000°C, 1100°C, and 1200°C) to produce different microstructures. The results show that a dry pressed alumina ceramic with 5 wt. % of PEG content and sintering temperature at 1200°C recorded the lowest wear rate and volume lost compared to other samples. SEM was carried out to investigate the microstructure how it affects the wear property. It was found that at high sintering temperature of 1200° C the particle formation was strengthen to each other hence promote highest wear resistance.
Synthesis of chitosan-SiO2 composite for adsorption methyl dyes from solution
Authors: Riyanti F , Hariani P L , Fatma  , Yuliasari N , Said M , Ramadiati T
Published: June 2020

Synthesis of chitosan-SiO2 composite has been done using the precipitation method. The chitosan-SiO2 composite was applied to removal methyl red dyes from the solution. The chitosan-SiO2 composite was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Adsorption by batch method with variables including contact time, weight of adsorbent and initial concentration. The FT-IR spectrum of composite showed the - OH, C-H, C-N, N-H, C-O (ether), C-H asymmetric, C-H symmetric, Si-O-Si, Si-OH and Si-O group. XRD spectra of chitosan-SiO2 composites showed a widening peak at 2θ = 19.95 and amorphous. From SEM-EDS spectra show the morphology of chitosan-SiO2 composite was rough, porous and inhomogeneous with constituent elements C, N, O, Na and Si. The chitosan-SiO2 composite has a pHpzc value at pH 7.9. Adsorption data of chitosan-SiO2 composite for adsorption methyl red dyes followed Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity 20.876 mg/g. Adsorption methyl red dye onto chitosan-SiO2 composites according to pseudo-second order.
The effect of process water recycle on hydrothermal treatment of yard long bean ( Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) and water spinach (Ipomoea reptans) seeds
Authors: Kurniasari D , Yuliansyah A T , Purnomo C W
Published: June 2020

Hydrothermal treatment is one of thermal biomass conversion method that the solid product can be used as fuel. The main problem of hydrothermal system is the liquid product that usually become waste. The water requirements of hydrothermal treatment need to be assessed to determine commercial feasibility. This research aims to study the influence of reusing liquid product to become process waster in hydrothermal treatment of yard long bean and water spinach seed with temperature variation of 180, 200 and 220 °C, biomass and water ratio of 1:5, and residence time of 40 minutes. Solid product was characterized in terms of mass yield and heating value (HHV). It is found that the solid yield value increased 8% from the first to the sixth process using recycle water. The biggest HHV of solid product was the hydrothermal process with temperature of 220°C using the 5th recycle liquid at 5499 cal/g for water spinach seed and 5466 cal/g for long bean seed.
Failure analysis of AISI 304 stainless steel pipeline transmission a petrochemical plant
Authors: Arifin A , Gunawan  , Yani I
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the failure analysis of AISI304 stainless steel pipeline that was fabricated by welding and used for CO2 transmission in a petrochemical plant. After a years of satisfactory operation, significant cracking was observed adjacent to the weld joints of valve and pipeline. The failure investigation was carried out on welded pipe samples using optical and fractography, micro hardness measurements, XRF and XRD testing. The hardness test results show faults occur in the HAZ region. Fractured surface macrostructure and morphology analysis shows inter-granular brittle fracture mode. The inter-granular fault begins with the presence of very intensive inter-granular corrosion, especially on the outer metal surface and progressively propagates to the inside of the metal. The results of XRD found peak of carbide from the secondary phase of SS 304 austenite steel. The material experienced sensitization that is indicated by the presence of carbides at the grain boundary.
Effect of fly ash content in Aluminum matrix composite through stir casting method on mechanical and physical properties
Authors: Gunawan  , Arifin A , Akbar M A , Asura I
Published: June 2020

Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) is a potential innovation material to meet the requirements required in various applications. such as in the aerospace, automotive and mining sectors. Stir casting has been known widely as a methode to produce MMC. In this study, Alumunium alloy and fly ash is utilized as matrix composite and reinforced phasing, respectively. Effect for mechanical and physical properties are investigated for the addition fly ash (4, 8 and 12wt%). Alumunium alloy melt with fly ash is stirred with 350 rpm for 5 minutes and poured into the mold at temperature of 800°C. Hardness, impact and density test are performed to investigate the characterization of specimen. The experimental results show that maximum value is obtained at 8 wt% fly ash with 65.83 HB, 11. 8 Joule, 14.299 Kgf/mm2 and 2.7 g/cm3 for hardness, impack, tensile strenght and density, respectively.
Study on genetic algorithm (GA) approaches for solving Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (FSSP)
Authors: Syarif A , Wamiliana W , Lumbanraja P , Gen M
Published: June 2020

The scheduling problem is known as one of the well-known optimization problems. It occurs in many situations of our daily-life applications, especially in industrial fields. One type of scheduling problem is called Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (FSSP). It belongs to the class of NP-complete problem. During the last decades, researches on exploring more accurate and efficient heuristic methods to solve hard optimization problems have taken considerable attention from researchers. Among them, GA has been one of the powerful and widely used algorithms. In this paper, we present two GA approaches to solve FSSP. The main objective is to investigate the effectiveness and the efficiency of GA based on different variations of the chromosome representation, referred to as the job-based GA (jb-GA) and machine-based GA (mb-GA). We conducted numerical experiments using standard test problems (Benchmark test problems). We also present the comparison of results with those given by another heuristic algorithm (NBH Algorithm) and the optimal solutions reported in the literature. Those demonstrate the jb-GA is more effective and efficient almost all of the time. The current limitation of this approach, like many other heuristic methods, is that it still sometimes gives the near-optimal solutions.