bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUÊNCIA DO CONTROLE VIROLÓGICO E TERAPIA ANTIRRETROVIRAL NA FORÇA MUSCULAR RESPIRATÓRIA EM SUJEITOS COM HIV
Authors: Righi Geovana De Almeida , Casarin Naiára , Moreira Matheus Barros , Kuinchtner Gabriela Castro , Tolves Tainara , Signori Luis Ulisses , Da Silva Antônio Marcos Vargas
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a influência do controle virológico e do uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) sobre a força muscular respiratória em pacientes com Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Métodos: estudo transversal com 60 sujeitos com HIV, de ambos os sexos, em uso da terapia antirretroviral há pelo menos três meses ou sem uso. Os indivíduos foram subdivididos em três grupos: com TARV e carga viral não detectável (GTCV-; n=20), com TARV e carga viral detectável (GTCV+; n=20) e sem TARV e carga viral detectável (GsTCV+; n=20). A força muscular respiratória foi mensurada com um manovacuômetro digital e os valores preditos das pressões respiratórias máximas calculados pela equação de Neder et al, 1999. Considerou-se fraqueza muscular inspiratória valores de pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) <70% do predito. Resultados: a carga viral foi menor no GTCV+ do que no GsTCV+. A contagem de células T-CD4 foi maior no GTCV- do que nos demais. Os grupos GTCV+ (60,5 [37,1-70,5]cmH2O) e GsTCV+ (67,9 [50,3-93]cmH2O, p<0,004) apresentaram redução da pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx) na comparação com o GTCV- (100,2 [71-121,9]cmH2O), baseado no  % do predito. Tanto o GTCV+ quanto o GsTCV+ apresentaram valores de mediana que demonstram fraqueza muscular inspiratória. Conclusões: o grupo de pacientes em uso da TARV e com carga viral não detectável apresentou maior força muscular expiratória e não foi classificado com fraqueza muscular inspiratória. Estes efeitos favoráveis da TARV e da baixa carga viral podem implicar em melhores desfechos funcionais, que devem ser testados em futuros trabalhos.
IDENTIFYING FEBRILE HUMANS USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY SCREENING: POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: Silvino Valmir Oliveira , Gomes Regis Bernardo Brandim , Ribeiro Sérgio Luiz Galan , Moreira Davyson De Lima , Santos Marcos Antonio Pereira dos
Published: June 2020

Since the first case of COVID-19 reported at late 2019, it has quickly spread throughout the world and became a pandemic. Because of its high transmission rate, COVID-19 is a huge threat to public health worldwide. Fever is a common symptom of patients with severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS), including the COVID-19 disease. Infrared thermography (IT) is widely used to mass-screen the skin temperature of people in crowded places, such as hospitals and airports. This is of importance for patients and health professionals as it drastically decreases the risk of transmission due to the minimal contact between the evaluator and the subject. Infrared thermography strategy has already been widely used for the screening of febrile people during the outbreak of other pandemics such as H1N1 and Ebola.  We here describe the potential of IT to identify febrile people who may be infected with COVID-19 and provide recommendations for their monitoring and management during this pandemic based on literature data.
CONSUMO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS POR USUÁRIOS DE UMA FARMÁCIA MUNICIPAL DO NOROESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Bremm Elisa Ana , Bandeira Vanessa Adelina Casali
Published: June 2020

Avaliou-se o perfil de uso de antidepressivos e presença de sintomas depressivos entre usuários de uma farmácia municipal. Trata-se de estudo transversal e quantitativo realizada com usuários de antidepressivos em uma farmácia pública de um município do Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário semi-estruturado sobre características sociodemográficas e condições de saúde e aplicação do Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Participaram do estudo 84 usuário de antidepressivos, com idade média de 55,23±13,57 anos. Entre os usuários 60,7% estavam com ausência de sintomas ou sintomas mínimos 22,6% depressão leve, 15,5% depressão moderada e 1,2% depressão grave. Entre as características sociodemográficas a maioria eram mulheres (73,8%), estado civil casados ou união estável (67,8%), com escolaridade de ensino fundamental incompleto (54,8%) e residiam na zona rural (66,7%). A Fluoxetina (24,5%) foi o medicamentos mais utilizado e o tempo de uso de antidepressivos apresentou mediana de 3 anos. Não foram identificadas diferenças estatísticas entre a presença de sintomas depressivos e características sociodemográficas e condições de saúde. Evidencia-se que o perfil dos usuários de antidepressivos assemelha-se as características nacionais, e mais metade dos usuários estavam com ausência de sintomas ou sintomas mínimos. Nesse contexto, destaca-se que o profissional farmacêutico tem um papel fundamental no processo de cuidado, desde orientar o paciente sobre a farmacoterapia, identificar possíveis erros de prescrição, promover o uso racional e a adesão, bem como incentivar terapias não medicamentosas.
LEADERSHIP OF THE HEAD OF A CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION IN ACHIEVING THE TITLE OF CORRUPTION-FREE AREA (Case study at the Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution)
Authors: Rahayu Mulyani
Published: June 2020

Prisons in Indonesia are often described as a very terrible place and even there is no good side to be proud of. The case occurred recently has worsen the image of prison,where the head of Kalianda Prison was arrested by the Provincial Narcotics Agency (BNNP) for his involvement in illegal drugs that were traded in prison. This condition is very contrary to the condition at the Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution. The success of Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution in suppressing illegal levies cannot be separated from the leadership role of the head of the prison. The presence of a leader greatly affects the integrity of employees in his ranks. The Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution is the only one of the 611 Correctional Institutions (Technical Implementation Unit) which bears the title of Corruption-Free Area in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to describe how the leadership of  the Head of Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution as a role model in achieving zero illegal levies using qualitative descriptive methods through field observations and in-depth interviews with structural officials, officials and inmates as informants.
El argumento de los intermediarios epistémicos
Authors: Flórez Quintero Daian Tatiana
Published: June 2020

Entre las razones para rechazar la tesis de que las percepciones justifican creencias, Davidson sostiene que atribuir importe justificativo a las percepciones obliga al empirista a introducir intermediarios epistémicos. Atendiendo a la naturaleza de las razones que esgrime bajo esa locución, las agruparé bajo lo que propongo denominar argumento de los intermediarios epistémicos. Para determinar la fuerza con la que se puede dirigir este argumento en contra de versiones más recientes del empirismo, particularmente en contra de la teoría de la experiencia de McDowell, examinaré la noción de “intermediación epistémica”. Plantearé que, pese a que el argumento de los intermediarios epistémicos no parece funcionar en contra de la teoría mcdowelliana, si se suscribe la tesis de que las percepciones justifican, cualquier versión del empirismo enfrenta dos riesgos: o es incapaz de bloquear la posibilidad misma de los escenarios escépticos o implica una vuelta al coherentismo.
La repetición: Un escrito sui generis en la autoría de Søren Kierkegaard
Authors: Dobre Catalina Elena
Published: June 2020

Considerada una de las categorías más complejas del pensamiento de Søren Kierkegaard, la repetición sigue hasta la fecha causando mucha inquietud dentro de su propia autoría. Aunque sobre esta categoría encontramos unos primeros esbozos en un escrito inconcluso titulado Johannes Climacus o el dudar de todas las cosas, mucho más tarde Kierkegaard retomará la categoría de repetición en su escrito con el mismo nombre: La repetición, un escrito peculiar y difícil de entender en su propia dinámica. Por lo mismo, en estas páginas proponemos una interpretación de la categoría de repetición en relación con el escrito del mismo nombre para entender por qué la repetición es una categoría espiritual, como Kierkegaard mismo la pensaba, partiendo de la idea de que para el filósofo danés la repetición es lo que podemos llamar una “filosofía del futuro”.
Feenstra, R.A., Simon, T., Casero-Ripollés, A., y Keane, J. (2016). La reconfiguración de la democracia: el laboratorio político español. Comares. 112 pp.
Authors: Hernández-Blanco Asier
Published: June 2020

Las nuevas formas de participación política en las cuales las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) habilitan el desarrollo de novedosas dinámicas de intervención por parte de la ciudadanía, es el tema central de la obra La reconfiguración de la democracia: el laboratorio político español. El presente texto busca, por un lado, realizar una reflexión filosófica crítica en torno a la realidad política española vivida entre los años 2009 y 2015 en los que el panorama y la esfera política se encontraban en un momento activo y complejo. Por otro lado, pretende llevar a cabo una aproximación de carácter más analítico a dicha realidad política, basándose en diferentes estudios de casos prácticos. Por todo ello, los autores encuentran en España un centro de estudio fascinante debido, básicamente, a la cantidad de experimentos políticos puestos en marcha en los últimos años en este país.
Analisis Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Guru Kimia yang mengkuti MGMP MIPA
Authors: Habibi Amanda Alif , Firmansyah R. Arizal
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini berdasarkan survei guru kimia di MAN Kota Tegal dalam menerapkan keterampilan dasar mengajar guru meliputi keterampilan membuka dan menutup pelajaran, keterampilan bertanya, dan keterampilan mengadakan variasi yang masih kurang. Padahal keterampilan dasar mengajar guru merupakan keterampilan yang sangat penting diterapkan dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed method dalam bentuk konkuren dengan model strategi Embendded konkuren yaitu penelitian kualitatif menginduk di dalam penelitian kuantitatif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui lembar observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian di MAN Kota Tegal tentang keterampilan dasar mengajar guru kimia yang mengikuti MGMP MIPA menunjukkan bahwa persentase skor rata-rata dalam ketiga keterampilan dasar mengajar (keterampilan membuka dan menutup, keterampilan bertanya, dan keterampilan mengadakan variasi) sebesar 54% dengan kategori kurang sekali. Keterampilan yang dinilai yaitu keterampilan membuka pelajaran sebesar 61% (cukup), keterampilan bertanya sebesar 56% (kurang), keterampilan mengadakan variasi sebesar 53% (kurang sekali), dan menutup pelajaran 44% (kurang sekali). Kemudian berdasarkan hasil wawancara didapatkan bahwa sebagian besar keterampilan dasar mengajar guru kimia masih kurang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan dasar mengajar guru kimia yang mengikuti MGMP MIPA di MAN Kota Tegal selama proses pembelajaran guru masih kurang dalam menerapkan keterampilan dasar mengajar.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Kimia berbasis Integrasi Islam-Sains materi Minyak Bumi sebagai Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Faeha Ana , Wahid Abdul , Udaibah Wirda
Published: June 2020

Rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi hidrolisis khususnya pada level mikroskopik dan proses pembelajaran yang masih menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional di MA Uswatun Hasanah, sehingga dilakukan penelitian ini. Model POGIL (Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning) bermuatan Multiple Level Representation diharapkan dapat mengetahui tingkat penguasaan konsep dan retensi peserta didik MA Uswatun Hasanah pada materi hidrolisis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan satu sampel untuk memperoleh data penelitian yaitu kelas XI jurusan IPA. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan metode dokumentasi untuk mendapatkan daftar nama-nama peserta didik kelas XI jurusan IPA MA Uswatun Hasanah dan metode tes untuk memperoleh data hasil belajar peserta didik yang diperoleh dari nilai pretest, posttest, dan retest. Hasil penelitian : Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran melalui model POGIL bermuatan Multiple Level Representation dapat meningkatkan tingkat penguasaan konsep dan retensi peserta didik kelas XI IPA MA Uswatun Hasanah. Terdapat 30% peserta didik mengalami peningkatan penguasaan konsep kategori tinggi, 40% peserta didik mengalami peningkatan penguasaan konsep kategori sedang, dan 30% mengalami peningkatan penguasaan konsep kategori rendah. Adapun tingkat retensi peserta kelas XI IPA MA Uswatun Hasanah adalah 92,7% yang tergolong tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model POGIL bermuatan Multiple Level Representation dapat meningkatkan tingkat penguasaan konsep dan retensi peserta didik kelas XI IPA MA Uswatun Hasanah.
Pengembangan Petunjuk Praktikum berbasis Green Chemistry pada Materi Stoikiometri Kelas X di SMAN 7 Semarang
Authors: Yuniar Siska Aditya , Zammi Muhammad , Suryandari Ervin Tri
Published: June 2020

Penelitian pengembangan petunjuk praktikum berbasis green chemistry pada materi stoikiometri dilandaskan pada karakteristik  peserta didik yang lebih menyukai metode praktikum, namun di sekolah belum memiliki petunjuk praktikum yang dapat menyesuaikan waktu pelaksanaan praktikum dengan jam pelajaran di sekolah. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah metode ADDIE  yang terdiri dari tahap analyze, design, development, implementation, dan evaluations. Produk divalidasi oleh dua dosen ahli materi dan dua dosen ahli media, kemudian dilakukan uji keterbacaan oleh guru dan peserta didik, dan diuji cobakan pada kelas kecil. Subjek uji keterbacaan yaitu satu guru mata pelajaran kimia serta tiga peserta didik kelas XI IPA SMA N 7 Semarang, dan subjek uji coba kelas kecil yaitu sembilan peserta didik kelas XI IPA SMA N 7 Semarang. Hasil penilaian validasi ahli materi didapatkan indeks validitas 0,902 dengan kategori sangat tinggi, dan penilaian validasi ahli media mendapat indeks validitas sebesar 0,984 dengan kategori sangat tinggi.  Pada uji keterbacaan oleh guru didapatkan kategori sangat baik dengan presentase sebesar 96,47%. Pada uji keterbacaan oleh peserta didik didapatkan presentase sebesar 95,83% dengan kategori sangat baik. Respon peserta didik memperlihatkan kategori sangat baik dengan presentase sebesar 94,29%.
Pengembangan Modul Bermuatan Pendidikan Karakter materi Elektrokimia Program Keahlian Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik
Authors: Aeni Nur
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini didasarkan pada masih ditemukannya kasus degradasi  moral di kalangan peserta didik seperti kasus tawuran dan kebiasaan mencontek, kurangnya sumber belajar kimia SMK serta sumber belajar yang tersedia belum terintegrasi dengan program keahlian peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghasilkan modul pembelajaran elektokimia bermuatan pendidikan karakter program keahlian Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik (TITL). Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan metode Research and Development dengan model 4D dari Thiagarajan. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X program keahlian TITL SMK N 5 Semarang. Karakteristik modul Hasil uji kualitas modul menurut ahli materi dan media pada tahap 1 menunjukkan bahwa modul cukup layak dengan skor rerata 0,76. Pada tahap 2 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,8 dengan kategori sangat layak. Persentase respon/tanggapan peserta didik sebesar 85,3% dengan kategori sangat valid. Berdasarkan data hasil uji validasi dan tanggapan peserta didik maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul kimia bermuatan pendidikan karakter program keahlian Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik layak dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar peserta didik.
Smart sensors for estimation of power interaction of an athlete with water surface when paddling in the cycle of rowing locomotions
Authors: Lukashevich Dmitry , Huseynov Daniil , Minchenya Alexander , Bubulis Algimantas , Vėžys Joris
Published: June 2020

Theoretical justification for the choice of the strain-resistant element location on the loom of the canoe paddle in order to register the power parameters of interaction of an athlete with the paddle in natural conditions of rowing locomotions is presented in the article. Taking into account the introduced simplifications, a classical task of calculating the materials resistance from which the loom of the paddle is manufactured is submitted. The obtained result is reliable and allows with sufficient degree of accuracy to determine mechanical stresses arising in the process of rowing in location of measuring devices – tensometers, which provides registration of objective indices characterizing power of forces applied by an athlete in the support (water) part of a stroke. Besides, based on the MEMS-sensors readings, mathematical calculation of forces applied to the paddle in the process of rowing was made, which in specified conditions allows to estimate regularities of values ratio of the recorded dynamic parameters.
Optimal control and effect of poor sanitation on modelling the acute diarrhea infection
Authors: Lasisi N. O. , Akinwande N. I. , Abdulrahaman S.
Published: June 2020

Acute diarrhea disease has a greater threat to human population especially in poor sanitary or hygienic environments, which caused enormous mortality and mobility in the Society. In this paper, we proposed a model to describe the transmission of the acute diarrhea disease and optimal control strategies in a community. The reproduction number and global dynamics of the model are obtained. Global Stability of the Disease free and endemic state of the model equations is determined. It was found that, the Disease Free Equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable in feasible region Ω if R0≤1 and Endemic state is globally asymptotically stable when R0>1. The Optimal control problem is designed with two control strategies, namely, the prevention through minimizing the contact between the infected with acute diarrhea infectious and susceptible, and treatment of an individual. The existence of optimal control model is obtained. Numerical results of the dynamics of the disease are presented. It was found that, as the effective contact rate increases, it increases the reproduction number of the model equations, also as the effectiveness of compliance of good hygiene increases, it decreases the reproduction number of the model by varying the contact rate and more so, as production rate of acute diarrhea bacteria increases, it increases the secondary cases of the infected individuals.
Dynamic thinking and complexity: considerations for health promotion
Authors: Slapšinskaitė Agnė , Vaitkevičiūtė Justina , Grincaitė Monika , Galkus Lukas , Raskilienė Asta , Luukkonen Laura , Vainoras Alfonsas
Published: June 2020

The aim of this perspective paper is to present a new and unique viewpoint on existing challenges, fundamental concepts, and prevalent notions on health promotion. Paper focuses on possible implications of a newly implemented Healthy Boost project. We further discuss existing health promotion interventions from the standpoint of dynamic complex systems while exploring the need to foster the cooperation component. Disclosure of these relationships and their utilization for structure optimization and evolution of functional possibilities, through the use of the dynamic characteristics of determined chaos at various levels, demonstrate plausible opportunities for the effective implementation of health promotion projects. The topic of health promotion effectiveness is of societal concern to a wider audience and to the scholarly community in general. Consequently, this perspective piece advances the future direction of application of Healthy Boost project within complexity framework.
Development of vehicle tracking system with low-cost wireless method
Authors: Ulkir Osman , Akın Murat , Ersoy Sezgin
Published: June 2020

It is possible to reduce personnel, vehicle cargo security, and cost with a vehicle tracking system. Algorithm and architecture were created using open source code programs, and elements such as software, cost efficiency, personal security, efficient fleet management, and time savings were measured. In the study, it is aimed to develop the existing systems by considering the plus and minus aspects of vehicle tracking systems. It was emphasized that the system was easy to apply, and low cost and comparisons were made with the advantages and disadvantages of the system. The most critical factor in fleet management is vehicle tracking systems. In our study, the problem was studied with a mechatronic system approach, open to development, and analytical approach. The system has been developed as a modular structure that is easily integrated into existing infrastructures. With the system created, it was aimed to increase the working efficiency of the company vehicles, to provide optimum solutions for vehicle maintenance processes, and to save fuel and time, by considering the safety of the driver.
An Analysis of Adiyaman’s Compilation of Kurdish Orally Transmitted Folktales Utilizing the Methodology of Russian Formalist Literary Criticism: The Folktale Gurrî û Hûtê Kor
Authors: ÇİFÇİ Tekin
Published: June 2020

Using the methodology of Vladimir Propp (1895-1970), a major figure in Russian Formalist literary criticism, this study analyzes Adiyaman’s compilation of Kurdish orally transmitted folktales known as Gurrî û Hûtê Kor. In his major work The Morphology of the Folktale (1928), Propp reduced the Russian folktales compiled by A.N. Afanasyev to what he himself called “functions,” otherwise “morphological substructures.” The Gurrî û Hûtê Kor folktales are a variant of the Gurrî folktales as elaborated on by Kurds speaking Kurmanji in Adıyaman and its surroundings. Also discussed is the role of the folktale in the moral education of society, young and old in view of the importance of the folktale as fantasy intertwined with social realities and universal truths.
Web Sitelerinde Alt Bilgi Alanının Önemi ve Tasarımı için Öneriler
Authors: Kürşad Deniz
Published: June 2020

Günümüzde bilgiye daha hızlı ulaşma isteğine bağlı olarak kurum/kuruluş ya da kişisel markaların sosyal medya hesaplarına ulaşmanın kolaylığı sonucunda web sitelerine görsel ve işlevsel anlamda daha fazla sorumluluk düşmektedir. Web sitelerinde bilgiye daha hızlı ulaşmak ve yararlı linklere yönlendirilmek isteyen site ziyaretçileri ihtiyaçlarına daha hızlı cevap veren alanlara ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu ihtiyaçlara en iyi cevap verebilen alan ise eylem çağrıları, kayıt formları, sosyal medya hesabı bağlantıları gibi sitenin daha ayrıntılı içeriklerini kapsayan footer (alt bilgi) alanlarıdır.
İşlevsel ve etkili bir şekilde tasarlanan bir footer alanı, ziyaretçiye site sahibi kurum/kuruluş ya da kişinin, işini “başından sonuna” özenli ve profesyonel bir şekilde yaptığı mesajını da vermektedir. Bu yüzden web siteleri tasarlanırken bu alanın tasarımının göz ardı edilmemesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın, web ara yüzlerindeki footer alanlarının önemi ile birlikte içeriklerinin daha etkili sunumu için web arayüz tasarımcılarına bir rehber olması amaçlanmıştır.
Relevance of Invasive Testing in Era of Non-Invasive Testing for Prenatal Chromosomal Abnormalities
Authors: Kumar Abhijeet , Dey Madhusudan , Arora Devendra
Published: June 2020

Prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities has two components i.e. prenatal screening (maternal serum screening and cell-free fetal DNA screening) and prenatal diagnosis (chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and cordocentesis). Prenatal testing in the past decade is evolving towards non-invasive methods to determine the chromosome abnormality disorders in the fetus without incurring the risk of miscarriage. Conventional tools for prenatal screening included maternal age, maternal serum markers, ultrasound marker (nuchal thickness), and their combinations. With the increased risk of screening test patients were offered diagnostic tests (chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and cordocentesis). After the availability of noninvasive prenatal tests for commercial use in 2011, a great marketing drive is there to establish it as a master tool for prenatal testing. However various society guidelines i.e. ACOG, RCOG, and ISUOG have clearly stated that cell-free fetal DNA based noninvasive prenatal tests is a screening test, not a diagnostic test. In the succeeding paragraph, we will review current trends in the field of cell-free fetal DNA noninvasive prenatal tests and the relevance of invasive testing in the context of noninvasive prenatal tests. Noninvasive prenatal tests does not entirely replace invasive prenatal testing procedures. Positive noninvasive prenatal tests findings must be confirmed by diagnostic tests based on an invasive sample source, mainly chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis due to false positive and false negative reports of cell-free fetal DNA based tests. Continuing research and development efforts are focused on overriding noninvasive prenatal tests limitations. Recent studies show that procedure-associated risks in the case of prenatal invasive testing are very low as compared to previous studies. Prenatal invasive testing will remain as the backbone of prenatal diagnostic testing until the limitation of noninvasive prenatal tests is overcome.
Öğretmen ve Yönetici Bakış Açısıyla Öğretmenlerin Sınıf Yönetim Becerisi
Authors: Özdemir Gökçe
Published: June 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin sınıf yönetim becerisine yönelik öğretmen ve yönetici görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırma, karma yöntem araştırma modeline göre tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel çalışma gurubu, Gaziantep ilinde görev yapmakta olan 330 sınıf öğretmeni ve 36 okul yöneticisi olmak üzere toplam 366 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Nitel kısmın çalışma grubu ise, nicel kısmın katılımcıları arasından gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak seçilmiş 12 öğretmen ve 10 okul yöneticisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın nicel verileri, Güneş (2016) tarafından yeniden düzenlemesi yapılan “Sınıf Yönetimi Becerisini Değerlendirme Ölçeği” ile nitel veriler ise yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde, betimsel istatistikler, t-testi ve ANOVA analizi kullanılmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde ise içerik analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre; öğretmen ve yöneticilerin sınıf yönetim becerisi görüşleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık vardır. Ayrıca sınıf yönetim becerisi görüşleri ile cinsiyet değişkeni arasında anlamlı bir farklılık görülmez iken, eğitim düzeyi ve mesleki kıdem değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık vardır. Öğretmen ve yönetici katılımcılar, sınıf yönetim becerisinin liderlik ve iletişim alt boyutunda, öğretme ve öğrenme süreçlerindeki tutumlar, iletişim, kararlara katılım ve beklenti ve ihtiyaçların karşılanması konularında yapılan etkinlikler, sergilenen davranışlar, öğretim ortamlarının oluşturulması, sağlıklı iletişimin kurulması konularında alan literatürünün belirttiği öğretmen becerilerini sergilediklerini belirtmişlerdir.
Negative Air Ions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Della Vecchia Alessandra , Mucci Federico , Pozza Andrea , Marazziti Donatella
Published: June 2020

Background:

Air ions (AIs) are clusters of ionized particles present in the atmosphere,
carrying an electrical charge of negative or positive polarity. Past speculations suggested
that exposure to positive air ions may be harmful, while exposure to negative air ions
(NAIs) may be associated with beneficial health effects. Increasing attention has been directed
towards investigating the potential effect of NAIs on human brain activities since initial
observations of their beneficial effects on some cognitive processes and mood.

Aims:

Given the paucity and scattered literature, our paper aims to review the available studies
on potential positive effects of NAIs exposure on cognitive performances and depression.

Discussion:

The review of the literature seems to confirm the effects of NAIs on several brain
functions. Indeed, a significant association between NAIs exposure and both well-being and
high cognitive performances has been described. Furthermore, exposure to high concentrations
of NAIs could be related to the improvement of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:

A growing evidence of data, although not yet conclusive, would suggest that
NAIs might improve cognitive processes. These findings require specific and urgent controlled
trials adopting systems based on AIs release to possibly prevent and treat cognitive
dysfunctions present in a broad range of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Unveiling Role of MicroRNAs as Treatment Strategy and Prognostic Markers in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Mittal Rashmi , Arya Vedpriya
Published: June 2020

Triple negative breast cancer is the highly aggressive form of breast cancer with high reoccurrence
rate and is short of effective treatment strategy. The prognostic markers of it are also not
well understood. miRNAs are the global regulators of various cancers on the virtue of its ability to post
transcriptional regulation of genes involved in various pathways involved in complicating TNBC. In
this review we studied the expression of miRNAs at different stages of TNBC and the role of miRNAs
as a tumor suppressor to inhibit cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis and to induce
apoptosis and thereby proposing these miRNAs as an effective treatment strategy against TNBC.
miRNA also acts as chemosenstizer in enhancing chemosensitivity of conventional drugs against resistant
TNBC cells. The present review emphasizes the importance of miRNAs as prognostic markers
to determine the overall survival, disease free survival and distant metastasis free survival rate in
TNBC patients. We speculate that miRNA can present themselves as an effective treatment strategy
and prognostic marker against TNBC.
MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer Oncogenesis and Tumor Suppression: How it Can Improve the Clinical Practice?
Authors: Pozza Daniel Humberto , De Mello Ramon Andrade , Araujo Raphael L.C. , Velcheti Vamsidhar
Published: June 2020

Background:

Lung cancer (LC) development is a process that depends on genetic mutations.
The DNA methylation, an important epigenetic modification, is associated with the expression of noncoding
RNAs, such as microRNAs. MicroRNAs are particularly essential for cell physiology, since they
play a critical role in tumor suppressor gene activity. Furthermore, epigenetic disruptions are the primary
event in cell modification, being related to tumorigenesis. In this context, microRNAs can be a useful
tool in the LC suppression, consequently improving prognosis and predicting treatment.

Conclusion:

This manuscript reviews the main microRNAs involved in LC and its potential clinical
applications to improve outcomes, such as survival and better quality of life.
Convenient Synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted Chromeno[4,3-b]Pyridine by Microwave-Assisted, One- Pot, Three-Component Protocol
Authors: Jadhav Ghanshyam , Medhane Vijay , Deshmukh Dattatray
Published: June 2020

Herein, an efficient and scalable synthesis of 2,4-diaryl substituted chromene [43-b] pyridine
derivatives, using a multicomponent reaction strategy by microwave irradiation of 4-amino 2-oxo-
2H-chromene, aromatic aldehydes, and substituted anilines is described. This synthetic strategy was
found to be very useful as it follows environment benign protocol. Also it gives a good outcome in
terms of yield and requires a shorter reaction time.
Thietanyl Protection in the Synthesis of 8-Substituted 1-Benzyl-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro- 1H-purine-2,6-diones
Authors: Khaliullin Ferkat , Shabalina Yuliya
Published: June 2020

Aim and Objective:

1-Аlkyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones containing no substituents in the N7 position can be synthesized only using protecting groups, for example, benzyl protection. However, in the case of synthesis of 1-benzyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones, the use of benzyl protection may lead to simultaneous debenzylation of both N1 and N7 positions. Therefore, it is necessary to use other protective groups for the synthesis of 1-benzyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones.

Materials and Methods:

8-Bromo- and 8-amino-substituted 1-benzyl-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones unsubstituted in the N7 position were synthesized with the use of thietanyl protecting group. The thietane ring was introduced via the reaction of 8-bromo-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione with 2-chloromethylthiirane, giving rise to 8-bromo-3-methyl-7-(thietan-3-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione. The subsequent alkylation with benzyl chloride yielded 1-benzyl-8-bromo-3-methyl-7-(thietan-3-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, which was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to be converted to 1-benzyl-8-bromo-3-methyl-7-(1,1-dioxothietan- 3-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione. This product reacted with amines to give 8-amino-substituted 1-benzyl-3- methyl-7-(1,1-dioxothietan-3-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones. The reaction of 8-substituted 1-benzyl-3- methyl-7-(1,1-dioxothietan-3-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones with sodium isopropoxide resulted in the removal of the thietanyl protection and afforded target 8-substituted 1-benzyl-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6- diones. The structures of the targets compounds have been deduced upon their elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 15N NMR).

Results and Discussion:

A new 8-substituted 1-benzyl-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones unsubstituted in the N7 position were synthesized using thietanyl protecting group.

Conclusion:

The present study described a new route to synthesize some new 1,8-disubstituted 3-methyl-3,7- dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones unsubstituted in the N7 position starting from available 8-bromo-3-methyl-3,7- dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione with use of thietanyl protecting group. The advantages of this protocol are the possibility of the synthesis of 1-benzyl-substituted 3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones, the stability of the thietanyl protecting group upon nucleophilic substitution by amines of the bromine atom in the position 8, as well as mild conditions, and simple execution of experiments.
Algal Biorefinery for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Bharadvaja Navneeta , Kumar Lakhan
Published: June 2020

Background:

Algae, tiny photosynthetic microorganisms are under investigation for
commercial biofuels and biochemical production. Applications of bioactive compounds of algal origin
are now increasing for food, feed, fodder, fibre, cosmetics, nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals.
Recent years have witnessed a major thrust moving towards a sustainable, biobased economy using
a biorefinery concept. The biorefinery concept is based on obtaining a broad spectrum of products
such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, jet fuels, and many value-added biobased products from renewable
bioresources analogous to the petroleum refinery.

Methodology:

The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the utilization of algal biomass
for the production of bioactive compounds, algal cultivation systems, cell disruption techniques,
challenges to algal bioactive compound extraction, and offer a way forward. According to this objective,
we did a comprehensive search in all available electronic information resources like in
Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct.

Result:

The review summarizes representative bioactive compounds from algal biomass, indicating
that these biological resources are an inexhaustible source of new molecules that often display
unique structures and sometimes have very interesting pharmacological properties, such as antifungal,
antibacterial, enzyme-inhibitory, and other activities. A better cultivation and cell disruption
strategy have been suggested for a sustainable algal biorefinery system.

Conclusion:

The paper reviewed different bioactive compounds like astaxanthin, DHA, EPA, vitamins
and β-1,3 Glucan, etc. present in microalgae and their applications in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals
development for human consumption along with major steps of algal bioprocessing,
such as algal cultivation and cell disruption. Also, the production and role of several high-value
compounds extracted from algal biomass in the treatment of various diseases along with the way
forward to make algal-based biorefinery for bioactive compounds economically sustainable and viable
have been discussed. However, research on various aspects of algal based bioactive compound
extraction is in a nascent phase and requires bioprospecting of high yielding native algal species,
development and deployment of mass cultivation strategies, process optimization for harvest and
cell disruption techniques followed by efficient biomolecule extraction procedures to make algal
biorefinery sustainable and commercially viable in nature.
Comparative COX I Molecular Docking of Phyto-chemicals (Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Lignans and Terpenoids) for Anti-platelet Aggregation Dynamics
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Pokhrel Subarna , Varshney Anurag
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Cycloxygenase I (COX I) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of
atherothrombosis. Therefore, there is a need of anti-platelet aggregation drugs that decrease thrombus
formation.

Methods:

Molecular docking of the phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and lignans)
was carried out. Binding energies and the ligand efficiencies of the phytochemicals were compared
by standard statistical tool.

Results:

Docking showed that their inhibitory activity towards COX I mainly depends on hydrogen
bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the polyphenol ligands and the binding sites, π-cation/anion,
π-sigma bond, π-alkyl, and π-π T shaped interactions that stabilize the ligand within the active site.
Alkaloids are superior over the others to develop as optimal inhibitor compounds of human COX I
in terms of ligand efficiency.

Conclusion :

Ligand efficiencies fall within the criteria of orally efficacious drugs, and could pave a
way for lead anti-platelet drug discovery and subsequent development.
Multiple Heart-Cutting Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: Recent Developments and Applications
Authors: Dsouza Brynish R. , Joseph Alex , Das Subham , Alex Angel T.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Over the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in Two-
Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (2D-LC). This advanced technology has become a relevant solution
for solving all the analytical challenges encountered in the pharmaceutical industry. The primary
purpose of this review is to give a brief account of the developing techniques notable in 2D-LC.

Methods:

Review of recent literature on advanced separation techniques for complex mixtures revealed
that 2D-LC is the most widely used technique in the pharmaceutical laboratory for the separation
of complex samples. Among the various techniques used in 2D-LC, comprehensive 2D-LC and
heart-cutting 2D-LC are highly used techniques. To enhance the resolution, further development has
been made to heart-cutting 2D-LC called multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC, which has recently become a
very popular technique in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore research articles mentioning the use
of multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC for separation of complex mixtures were reviewed.

Results:

The most crucial benefit of multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC is its reduced effort in method development
and also the storage of multiple sample sections for further analysis. The multiple heartcutting
2D-LC is suited, preferably for method development and impurity analysis of pharmaceutical
substances, fine chemicals and offers better peak separation, which is otherwise not possible by comprehensive
2D-LC.

Conclusion:

The advantage of two-dimensional liquid chromatography over one-dimensional liquid
chromatography is its high resolving power. Further improvement in resolution was achieved by using
the advanced multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC which appears to have an imperative role in pharmaceutical
and food analysis.
Autophagy and Ubiquitination as Two Major Players in Colorectal Cancer: A Review on Recent Patents
Authors: Saffari-Chaleshtori Javad , Asadi-Samani Majid , Rasouli Maryam , Shafiee Sayed Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Background:

As one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men and women,
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Recent anti-
CRC therapies are now targeting specific signaling pathways involved in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) and autophagy are two main protein quality control systems,
which play major roles in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. A balanced function of these
two pathways is necessary for the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death.

Objective:

In this systematic review, we discuss the available evidence regarding the roles of autophagy
and ubiquitination in progression and inhibition of CRC.

Methods:

The search terms “colorectal cancer” or “colon cancer” or “colorectal carcinoma” or
“colon carcinoma” in combination with “ubiquitin proteasome” and “autophagy” were searched in
PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, and also Google Patents (https://patents.google
.com) from January 2000 to Feb 2020.

Results:

The most important factors involved in UPS and autophagy have been investigated. There
are many important factors involved in UPS and autophagy but this systematic review shows the
studies that have mostly focused on the role of ATG, 20s proteasome and mTOR in CRC, and the
more important factors such as ATG8, FIP200, and TIGAR factors that are effective in the regulation
of autophagy in CRC cells have not been yet investigated.

Conclusion:

The most important factors involved in UPS and autophagy such as ATG, 20s proteasome
and mTOR, ATG8, FIP200, and TIGAR can be considered in drug therapy for controlling or
activating autophagy.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin A Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by Regulating the PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathway in Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: An Xinli , Wei Zekun , Ran Botian , Tian Hao , Gu Hongyu , Liu Yan , Cui Hongjuan , Zhu Shunqin
Published: June 2020

Background:

Gastric cancer, a common malignant tumour worldwide, has a relatively poor prognosis
and is a serious threat to human health. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACi) are anticancer agents that are
known to affect the cell growth of different cancer types. Trichostatin A (TSA) selectively inhibits the class I
and II mammalian Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) family enzymes and regulates many cell processes. Still, the
underlying mechanisms of HDACs are not fully understood in gastric cancer.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the antitumor effect and the mechanism of growth modulation of gastric
cancer cells by TSA.

Methods:

The cell proliferation of gastric cancer cells was measured by MTT and BrdU immunofluorescence
assays. Soft agar assay was used to detect the colony formation ability of gastric cancer cells. Flow cytometry was
used to examine cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blot was employed to detect protein expression of target factors.

Results:

TSA inhibits the proliferation of MKN-45 and SGC-7901 cells and leads to significant repression of
colony number and size. Flow cytometry assays show TSA induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis,
and TSA effects the expression of related factors in the mitochondrial apoptotic signalling and cell cycle-related
regulatory pathways. Furthermore, TSA increased histone H3K27 acetylation and downregulated the expression
of PI3K and p-AKT.

Conclusion:

Downregulating PI3K/AKT pathway activation is involved in TSA-mediated proliferation inhibition
of gastric cancer.
Cola Nitida (Kola Nuts) Attenuates Hepatic Injury in Type 2 Diabetes by Improving Antioxidant and Cholinergic Dysfunctions and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Erukainure Ochuko L. , Sanni Olakunle , Salau Veronica F. , Koorbanally Neil A. , Islam Md. Shahidul
Published: June 2020

Background:

The therapeutic effect of Cola nitida hot infusion against diabetes hepatic
injury was investigated in livers of diabetic rats. Cola nitida was infused in boiling water and concentrated.

Methods:

The concentrated infusion was administered to T2D rats at low and high doses (150 and 300
mg/kg body weight (bw), respectively). The normal group (positive control) and another diabetic group
(negative control) were administered distilled water, while metformin served as the standard drug. A
toxic group that consists of normal rats administered a high dose of C. nitida. After 6 weeks, the rats
were sacrificed, and their livers were collected. They were assayed for oxidative stress markers, myeloperoxidase,
acetylcholinesterase and ATPase activities. Hepatic lipid metabolites were profiled with
GC-MS and their metabolic pathways were analyzed using the MetaboAnalyst 4.0 online server.

Results:

Treatment with C. nitida caused a significant elevation of glutathione level and SOD activity,
while concomitantly inhibiting lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase, acetylcholinesterase and ATPase
activities in hepatic tissues of the rats. Treatment with C. nitida also caused significant depletion of
diabetes-generated lipid metabolites, with concomitant generation of fatty esters and steroids as well as
inactivation of diabetes-activated pathways.

Conclusion:

These data demonstrate the therapeutic effect of C. nitida against diabetic hepatotoxicity
in diabetic rats.
Incidental Findings in Temporomandibular Joint Region Detected by Cone-beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mehdizadeh Mojdeh , Rezaei Zahra , Moghadam Farida Ghazanfari
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Incidental Findings (IFs) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region detected in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of maxilla and mandible.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, 384 CBCT scans were reviewed for IFs of the TMJ region. Demographic data including age and sex were recorded. The scans were evaluated in multiplanar views: corrected sagittal, corrected coronal and axial sections. IFs in TMJ region were categorized into eight groups: osteoarthritis, flattening and erosion of condyle and articular eminence, osteophytes, subchondral pseudocyst, condyle hyperplasia, condyle hypoplasia, bifid condyle, and soft tissue calcification. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistic v.22.

Results:

From the CBCT scans, a total of 81 (21.1%) IFs were identified. 184 of the subjects (47.9%) were male and 200 (52.1%) were females. Their age ranged from 10 to 75 years old with a mean of 36.8 and a standard deviation of 13.9 years. The most frequent IFs were flattening and erosion of condyle and articular eminence (40.74%), followed by soft tissue calcification (30.86%). Osteoarthritis was not observed in any of the subjects. There was no significant difference between females and males in IFs of TMJ joint and its related structures. Flattening and erosion of condyle and articular eminence, soft tissue calcification, osteophytes and, subchondral pseudo cyst showed significant differences between individuals of different age ranges.

Conclusion:

While examining CBCT images, it is critical to check for evidence of IFs in the TMJ region. The findings of this study emphasize the value of a thorough examination of all areas visualized on CBCT scans even those beyond the region of interest.