bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА СТАРШЕГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ. ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ
Authors: Монастырный Евгений Александрович , Касинский Сергей Викторович , Дырко Нина Петровна , Котова Валентина Викторовна
Published: December 2019

Актуальность работы определяется глобальными процессами: старением населения в целом, вызванным снижением рождаемости и ростом продолжительности жизни, и увеличением экономически активного возраста. Явление старения человечества и процесс жизнедеятельности людей старших возрастных групп развиваются в сложном слабоструктурированном проблемном поле и относятся к классу «мягких» систем. Одной из важнейших проблем исследования подобного класса явлений является вовлечение в научный оборот необходимого объема эмпирической информации. Данная работа открывает цикл статей, посвященных вопросам сбора и анализа статистической информации о процессах реализации потенциала старшего поколения в Российской Федерации на примере Томской области. Цель исследования: оценить характеристики выборки лиц старших возрастных групп и пенсионеров по старости по статистическим данным Росстата и Пенсионного фонда РФ по Томской области с позиций подготовки информации для принятия управленческих решений. Источниками информации являются Росстат, Единая межведомственная информационно-статистическая систем (ЕМИСС), Томскстат, информация, получаемая по согласованным запросам в территориальный орган статистики, результаты социологических исследований. Методы: подходы описательной статистики (сравнения, отношения, визуализация динамики изменений, статистический анализ). Логика, структура и методы анализа материала соответствуют принятым в официальных статистических обзорах и аналитических записках. Анализ статистических форм и оценка их доступности в региональном разрезе позволили выбрать для дальнейшего исследования основные источники информации. Проведены детальный анализ демографических процессов в старших возрастных группах населения Томской области и сравнение регионов Сибирского федерального округа по некоторым показателям. Приводится возрастно-половая структура населения Томской области старше трудоспособного возраста, показатели смертности населения старше трудоспособного возраста по основным классам причин смерти. Данные статистики подтверждают факт, что процесс старения населения региона будет продолжаться. В работе анонсированы две следующие статьи единого цикла − «Реализация потенциала старшего поколения. Уровень жизни» и «Реализация потенциала старшего поколения. Участие на рынке труда».
РАЗРАБОТКА КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНОЙ МОДЕЛИ РЕСТРУКТУРИЗАЦИИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СПЕЦАВТОХОЗЯЙСТВ
Authors: Григорьева Татьяна Евгеньевна , Дегтярева Наталия Алексеевна
Published: December 2019

В поддержании благосостояния города, его функционирования и жизнеобеспечения задействованы различные учреждения, например ЖКХ, управляющие компании, УМП «Спецавтохозяйство» и другие организации, которые создают населению комфортную городскую среду. Особую роль в поддержании этой среды играет деятельность cпецавтохозяйств, работа которых приобретает значимость в период выпадения обильных осадков в виде снега, что сопровождается затруднительным передвижением транспорта. Также несвоевременно убранный снег негативно сказывается на экологическом состоянии города. Анализ обстановки на дорогах показывает, что процессы зимнего содержания дорог требуют особой оперативности в их организации и управлении. Объектом исследования является обобщенная организационная структура управления cпецавтохозяйств, которая соответствует линейно-функциональному типу. При такой структуре имеется ряд недостатков, которые впоследствии приводят к потере оперативности принятия решений, что так важно в деятельности cпецавтохозяйств, т. к. они имеют тесную взаимосвязь с динамически изменяющейся окружающей средой. В связи с этим целью статьи является разработка концептуальной модели реструктуризации существующей структуры управления cпецавтохозяйств. При разработке такой модели использовались методы теоретического анализа с элементами проектирования. Предложенная модель представляет собой функциональную организационную структуру с элементами линейной и позволит cпецавтохозяйствам достичь оперативности принятия управленческих решений, избежать дублирования функций между отделами и улучшить коммуникацию между ними. При переходе к предлагаемой структуре преимущества существующей сохраняются, а недостатки минимизируются. Более того, предлагаемая модель является динамичной и гибкой при переходе к другому типу структур: например, в случае участия cпецавтохозяйств в национальных, федеральных проектах, региональных, муниципальных и других программах в организационную структуру необходимо добавить проектно-матричные элементы.
IDENTIFICATION OF EMISSION SOURCES OF POLLUTANTS CAUSING COMPLAINTS OF UNPLEASANT ODOURS
Authors: Karelin Aleksandr O. , Lomtev A. Yu. , Friedman K. B. , Yeremin G. B. , Pankin A. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. One of the main reasons for the complaints of the population about the poor air quality is an unpleasant odor. The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of emissions into the air of harmful pollutants with an olfactory effect on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of official materials: complaints of the population, data on weather conditions, the results of the determination of pollutants at automatic stations, urban situation, data on atmospheric emissions of pollutants of the main enterprises and calculations of their dispersion. Material and Methods. The database included a map materials, 2171 meteorological data, 576 complaints, more than 100 thousand data about air pollution, information about the emission sources of pollutants and their dispersion for 13 industrial enterprises. The principles of geostatistical analysis, (inverse) weighted distance method, time-series study were used to process the data. Results. As a result of the time-series analysis of complaints about the presence of odors in the air, taking into account the recorded wind directions, there were determined areas of the alleged location of sources of emissions of pollutants with olfactory effect. They were the territories located mainly to the South, North-West, and North (smell of hydrogen sulfide), to the West and South (chemical smell) of the residential zone. The time- series analysis of hydrogen sulfide concentrations and recorded wind directions showed that possible emission sources are located to the South of the residential zone. Assessment of the composition and volume of emissions of pollutants of enterprises and calculation of their dispersion made it possible to establish the main source of release of pollutants with the smell of hydrogen sulfide to be the landfill of municipal solid waste. For the chemical smell, both other substances and directions of the sources can be defined approximately. Conclusion. The proposed approaches allow determining the areas of the location of the sources of emissions of harmful pollutants with olfactory effect into the air, and in some cases, the priority enterprise.
HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN THE AREA OF INTENSIVE USE OF THE ROAD-CAR COMPLEX
Authors: Kopytenkova Olga I. , Levanchuk A. V. , Yeremin G. B.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The level of air pollution in the areas of traffic flows is influenced by fuel combustion processes. Among air pollutants, special attention should be paid to methane. Methane is formed during the combustion of liquid fuels and is a precursor of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is synthesized in the presence of catalysts. Its concentration exceeded the maximum permissible limits. The aim of the study is the hygienic assessment of additional aerogenic risk to public health due to formaldehyde, formed during the operation of the road-car complex (RCC). Material and methods. The calculation of the amount of methane entering the air during the operation of vehicles from fuel combustion is determined in accordance with the EMEP/EEA emission inventory Manual (2016).) The concentration of the studied pollutants is determined in accordance with the Order No. 273 of 06.062017 «Methods of calculation of dispersion of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances in the air». RCC is classified according to the intensity of traffic from 500 to 7,000 vehicles per hour. Risk calculation was carried out on the basis of guidance 2.1.10.1920-04 «Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment». The concentration of formaldehyde in ambient determined in accordance with the methodical instruction 4.1.1272-03. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Excel 2016 application package. Results. Methane (CH4) emission factors (mg/km), presented in the EMEP/EEA Manual, allowed determining the amount of methane emission (mg/s) per 1 km at different traffic intensities (auth./hour.) The obtained data were used to calculate the model concentrations of formaldehyde synthesized from methane. The calculated model concentrations were used to calculate additional carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk due to formaldehyde. Сonclusions. The gain in motorization of the population is accompanied by an increase in air pollution in the zone of influence of road transport. However, the emission inventory does not take into account the possible transformation of the pollutants making up the exhaust gases. Incomplete information does not allow using them to predict health risk levels based on model concentrations. The results obtained allowed obtaining information about the amount of additional carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks created in the process of transformation of methane into formaldehyde. The most unfavorable temperature regime (0-15oC) contributing to the synthesis and slowing down the decay of formaldehyde in the atmosphere along the roads was revealed.
STUDY OF 50 HZ ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF THE POPULATION HEALTH STATUS
Authors: Nikitina Valentina N. , Kalinina N. I. , Lyashko G. G. , Plekhanov V. P.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The real electromagnetic situation in a residential area in the process of power supply network operation and health status assessment of population living in the vicinity of overhead transmission lines (OTL) of various voltages and transformer substations (TS) are of current interest. The effect of 50 Hz electric fields (EF) and magnetic fields (MF) on human health has not been sufficiently studied. Material and Methods. Measurement and assessment of 50 Hz EF and MF levels generated by 35, 110 and 220 kV OTL and by 6 kinds of closed-type transformer substations were carried out. Chronic overstrain index was used to assess population health status. Questionnaire study data among residents in the vicinity of 110-220 kV OTL were used for calculation of chronic overstrain index. Results. Closed-type transformer plants don’t generate EMF or exceed 50 Hz EF or MF health standards (HS). Electric field intensity levels exceeding HS were registered under 110 and 220 kV OTL. EMF health standards were not exceeded at a distance of 2 m from 110 kV OTL and 10 m from 220 kV OTL. Magnetic field induction levels did not exceed maximum allowable levels. Significant levels of chronic overstrain were revealed in residents living at a distance of under 300 m from 110-220 kV OTL. Conclusions. Closed-type transformer substations do not generate 50-Hz EMF exceeding health standards. Compliance with the electrical safety requirements of overhead transmission lines (overhead line safety zones) provides compliance with the maximum allowable levels of 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields. Population health risk assessment study among the population in the vicinity of OTL is relevant.
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY OF USING ULTRAVIOLET PLANTS OF THE CLOSED TYPE FOR DISINFECTION OF THE AIR ENVIRONMENT IN THE ROOMS OF INPATIENTS FACILITIES
Authors: Rakhmanin Yu. A. , Kalinina Natalya V. , Gaponova E. B. , Zagainova A. V. , Nedachin A. E. , Doskina T. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The paper presents the results of the evaluation of the safety and efficiency of using UV irradiators-recirculators of a closed type, used for disinfecting air in the premises of medical facilities. Material and methods. The studies included three types of UV irradiators-recirculators of the closed type of various brands. The safety assessment included: 1) ultraviolet radiation measurements; 2) the influence of devices on chemical pollution of indoor air; 3) the impact on the natural gas composition and microclimate; 4) measurement of ozone concentrations; 5) measurement of electromagnetic radiation; 6) measurements of sound levels. Evaluation of the effectiveness of disinfection was performed on the total microbial number; the content of mold fungi and coliphages per 1 m3 of air. Results. A safety assessment of the operation of closed-type ultraviolet irradiators-recirculators showed the devices under study, equipped with zone-free mercury lamps to be not sources of ozone and nitrogen dioxide emission into the air. However, from the bodies of two of the investigated devices, UV radiation with a wavelength of 200-280 nm was detected. It is established that UV irradiators-recirculators of the closed type can be sources of increased noise and electromagnetic radiation. The intensity of these factors inside of premises depends on the distance to the operating device. It is established the safe operating distance of such devices. It has been revealed that long-term operation of closed-type UV irradiators-recirculators can give rise elevation of the ambient air temperature and an increase in the concentration of saturated and acyclic hydrocarbons in the air. As a result of the evaluation of the disinfecting effect of the studied UV irradiators-recirculators, a different degree of effectiveness of their influence on the bacterial and fungal flora was established. Conclusion. The necessity of developing a methodological document regulating the procedure and scope of research in assessing the safety and efficiency of using UV irradiators-recirculators of a closed type for disinfecting air in medical institutions in the presence of people is substantiated.
Nouveaux procédés de stabilisation microbiologique : une alternative pour réduire les doses de SO2 dans les vins ?
Authors: Lisanti Maria Tiziana , Nioi Claudia , Blaiotta Giuseppe , Moio Luigi
Published: December 2019

Le SO2 est l’additif chimique le plus employé en œnologie en raison de ses propriétés anti-oxydantes et antimicrobiennes. Cependant, ce produit peut avoir des effets négatifs sur la santé humaine. En effet le SO2 peut induire, même si c’est rare, des réactions indésirables chez les sujets sensibles. Ainsi, l’évolution de la règlementation concernant les doses de sulfites dans les vins a encouragé l’ensemble de la filière vinicole à étudier des méthodes alternatives. Les recherches se sont surtout concentrées sur l’étude d’alternatives chimiques, biologiques et physiques capables de garantir la stabilité microbiologique du vin. Dans cet article ne seront abordées que les techniques physiques innovantes.
Scientific Publishing: Education as the Key Enabler for the Transition to Open Science
Authors: Pagliaro Mario
Published: December 2019

Scholarly journals today are the products of a large industry comprised of for-profit and not-for-profit organizations, whose annual income exceeds $25 billion. Originally created for facilitating scientific communication, the World Wide Web in principle makes scientific journals no longer necessary. Yet, in an almost opposite fashion to what happened in retail publishing, the academic publishing industry has further flourished following the advent of the internet. Education of today’s students and young researchers, we argue in this study, is the key enabler for the transition to open science.
Atención médica y acciones de autocuidado en personas que viven con diabetes, según nivel socioeconómico
Authors: Villalobos Aremis , Rojas-Martínez Rosalba , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A , Romero-Martínez Martín , Mendoza-Alvarado Laura Rosario , Flores-Luna Ma de Lourdes , Escamilla Alberto , Ávila-Burgos Leticia
Published: December 2019

Objetivo. Caracterizar la atención médica y las acciones de autocuidado en población con diabetes, en localidades de menos de 100 000 habitantes. Material y métodos. Con información de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 100k (Ensanut 100k), se obtuvieron dos modelos de regresión logística: no realizar las cinco acciones básicas en la última consulta médica y no realizar acciones prioritarias de auto­cuidado. Resultados. Tener baja escolaridad, pertenecer al estrato económico bajo y hablar lengua indígena incrementan las posibilidades de no realizar acciones de autocuidado. Por el contrario, al incrementarse la edad, se disminuyen las posibilida­des de autocuidado en 3%. Pertenecer a un hogar indígena y al tercil bajo incrementan las posibilidades de que el personal de salud no realice las cinco acciones básicas durante la consulta. Conclusión. Es indispensable que se establezca un programa de control de diabetes que incluya educación a pacientes y cursos de actualización al personal médico.
Análisis de las lesiones accidentales no fatales en población vulnerable, México 2018
Authors: Hidalgo-Solórzano Elisa , Pérez-Núñez Ricardo , Valdez-Santiago María Del Rosario , Híjar-Medina Martha
Published: December 2019

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de lesiones accidentales en población que reside en localidades con <100 000 habitantes y analizar su asociación con características individuales, ambien­tales y del hogar. Material y métodos. Diseño transversal que analiza el componente de accidentes de la Ensanut 100k, encuesta probabilística, estratificada, por conglomerados que sobrerrepresenta hogares beneficiarios del programa Prospera y aquellos con menos recursos económicos. Su asociación con distintas variables independientes se estableció a partir de un modelo de regresión logística, considerando el muestreo complejo. Resultados. La prevalencia de lesiones acciden­tales fue 5.15% (IC95%: 1.43-6.16) equivalente a cerca de 3.3 millones de personas. La probabilidad fue mayor en hombres, en la región CDMX-EdoMex y en personas con discapacidad auditiva/motora. Conclusiones. Es necesario fortalecer la política de prevención de lesiones accidentales, especialmente la dirigida a grupos con alta vulnerabilidad social y económica, para cuidar su salud y calidad de vida, y reducir la carga que generan para la salud pública.
Maternidad en la adolescencia en localidades menores de 100 000 habitantes en las primeras décadas del milenio
Authors: Villalobos Aremis , Hubert Celia , Hernández-Serrato María I , De la Vara-Salazar Elvia , Suárez-López Leticia , Romero-Martínez Martín , Ávila-Burgos Leticia , Barrientos Tonatiuh
Published: December 2019

Objetivo. Analizar en localidades menores de 100 000 habitantes la tendencia de la maternidad en la adolescencia y factores relacionados. Material y métodos. Análisis transversal de 16 686 mujeres en localidades menores de 100 000 habitantes a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2006, 2012 y 100k 2018. Se ajustaron modelos Poisson robustos con variable dependiente ma­ternidad adolescente para mujeres de 12-19 y 20-24 años. Resultados. Asistir a la escuela y usar anticonceptivos mo­dernos disminuye la prevalencia de maternidad adolescente en ambos grupos de edad. Entre las adolescentes, contar con esquema de financiamiento en salud, y el inicio de vida sexual temprano para el caso de las adultas, se asocia positivamente con maternidad adolescente. Conclusiones. Es necesario fortalecer las políticas públicas para modificar factores es­tructurales que proporcionen opciones de vida; es preciso mantener y fortalecer las acciones y cobertura propuestas por la Estrategia Nacional para la Prevención del Embarazo en Adolescentes (ENAPEA) focalizándolas en esta población.
Reporte nacional de niveles de plomo en sangre y uso de barro vidriado en población infantil vulnerable
Authors: Téllez-Rojo Martha María , Bautista-Arredondo Luis F , Trejo-Valdivia Belem , Cantoral Alejandra , Estrada-Sánchez Daniel , Kraiem Rubén , Pantic Ivan , Rosa-Parra Antonio , Gómez-Acosta Luz María , Romero-Martínez Martín , Cuevas-Nasu Lucía , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Fuller Richard , Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela
Published: December 2019

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de niveles elevados (≥5.0μg/ dL) de plomo en sangre (PbS) y su asociación con el uso de loza de barro vidriado con plomo (LBVPb). Material y méto­dos. En 2018 se midió PbS capilar en una muestra represen­tativa de niños de 1 a 4 años de edad residentes en localidades de México menores de 100 000 habitantes (Ensanut 100k). Se indagó sobre uso de LBVPb para consumo de alimentos. Para estimar su asociación con PbS, se generaron modelos logit multinomial estratificados por región. Resultados. La prevalencia de niveles elevados de PbS fue de 21.8%. En las regiones Norte, Centro y Sur las prevalencias fueron 9.8, 20.7 y 25.8%, respectivamente. La asociación con uso y frecuencia de LBVPb fue altamente significativa y diferencial por región. Conclusiones. La exposición a plomo permanece como un problema de salud pública en México, particularmente en el Centro y Sur, y está fuertemente asociada con el uso de LBVPb.
Factores sociales asociados con el consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes mexicanos de poblaciones menores a 100 000 habitantes
Authors: González-Bautista Emmanuel , Zavala-Arciniega Luis , Rivera-Rivera Leonor , Leyva-López Ahidée , Natera-Rey Guillermina , Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam
Published: December 2019

Objetivo. Evaluar los factores sociales asociados con el consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes mexicanos de poblaciones menores a 100 000 habitantes. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal a partir de resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut 100k) que se enfocó en adolescentes de entre 10 y 19 años. Se estima­ron modelos de regresión logística ajustados y se obtuvieron razones de momios (RM) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados. La prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en el último mes fue de 5.5% (10-14 años=1.0%, 15-19 años= 11.2%); de consumo de alcohol, 9.3%, y de consumo excesivo de alcohol, 2.8%. Factores asociados: consumo de tabaco, sexo (hombre, RM= 6.00; IC95%: 2.89-12.46), edad (RM=1.73; IC95%: 1.46-2.04), trabajo remunerado (RM= 2.87; IC95%: 1.12-7.34) y afiliación a servicios de salud (RM= 0.26; IC95%: 0.08-0.82); consumo de alcohol, (hombre, RM= 5.11; IC95%: 2.38-11.0), edad (RM= 1.70; IC95%: 1.51-1.92) y trabajo remunerado (RM= 2.51; IC95%: 1.01-6.24). Conclusiones. Para reducir el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes deben implementarse estrategias de prevención integrales que tomen en cuenta el contexto individual y social.
Sobrepeso y obesidad en población mexicana en condición de vulnerabilidad. Resultados de la Ensanut 100k
Authors: Shamah-Levy Teresa , Campos-Nonato Ismael , Cuevas-Nasu Lucía , Hernández-Barrera Lucía , Morales-Ruán Maria del Carmen , Rivera-Dommarco Juan , Barquera Simón
Published: December 2019

Objetivo. Describir las prevalencias y tendencias de sobre­peso y obesidad en población con mayor vulnerabilidad social, residente en localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes. Material y métodos. En preescolares, escolares, adoles­centes y adultos de la Ensanut 100k y Ensanut 2012 se analizó la información sociodemográfica y de antropometría para calcular prevalencias y tendencias de sobrepeso+obesidad (SP+O), obesidad y obesidad abdominal. Resultados. La prevalencia de SP+O fue 6% en preescolares. La prevalencia de obesidad fue 15.3% en escolares, 14.2% en adolescentes y 33.6% en adultos. En comparación con el año 2012, el SP+O disminuyó 35% en 2018 entre los preescolares con inseguri­dad alimentaria severa. En escolares, la obesidad aumentó 97% entre 2012 y 2018 en quienes no tenían ayuda alimentaria. En adolescentes sin programas de ayuda alimentaria, la obesidad aumentó 60% entre 2012 y 2018. En adultos, entre 2012-2018 incrementó 10% la obesidad abdominal en quienes tenían inseguridad alimentaria moderada. Conclusiones. Existe una alta prevalencia de obesidad en la población mexicana con vulnerabilidad social y parece alcanzar al resto de la población de forma rápida pero con importantes desventajas estructurales.
Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018. Resultados en localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes
Authors: Shamah-Levy Teresa , Rivera-Dommarco Juan
Published: December 2019

[No disponible]
Genome-wide systematic characterization of HAK/KUP/KT gene family and their expression profiles during plant growth and in response to low K+ stress in Saccharum
Authors: Feng Xiaomin , Wang Yongjun , Zhang Nannan , Wu Zilin , Zeng Qiaoying , Wu Jiayun , Wu Xiaobin , Wang Lei , Zhang Jisen , Qi Yongwen
Published: December 2019

Background: Plant genomes contain large number of HAK/KUP/KT transporters, and they play important roles in potassium uptake and translocation, osmotic potential regulation, salt tolerance, root morphogenesis and plant development. Potassium deficiency in soil of sugarcane main planting area is serious. However, the HAK/KUP/KT gene family remains to be characterized in sugarcane (Saccharum). Results: In this study, 30 HAK/KUP/KT genes were identified from Saccharum spontaneum. Phylogenetics, duplication events, gene structure and expression pattern were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of HAK/KUP/KT genes from 15 representative plants showed that this gene family were divided into four groups (clade I-IV). Both ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) and recent gene duplication contributed to the expansion of HAK/KUP/KT gene family. Nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution ratio (Ka/Ks) analysis showed that purifying selection was the main force to drive the evolution of HAK/KUP/KT genes. The divergence time of HAK/KUP/KT gene family was estimated to range from 134.8 to 233.7 Mya based on Ks analysis, suggesting that it is an ancient gene family in plants. Gene structure analysis showed that HAK/KUP/KT genes was accompanied by intron gain/loss in the process of evolution. RNA-seq data analysis demonstrated that HAK/KUP/KT genes from clade II and III mainly displayed constitutive expression in various tissues, while most genes from clade I and IV had no or very low expression in the tested tissues at different developmental stages. SsHAK1 and SsHAK21 displayed upregulated expression in response to low K+ stress. Yeast functional complementation analysis suggested that SsHAK1 and SsHAK21 could rescue K+ uptake ability in the yeast mutant. Conclusions: This study provided insight into the gene evolutionary history of HAK/KUP/KT genes. HAK7/9/18 were mainly expressed in the high photosynthetic zone and mature zone of stem. Moreover HAK7/9/18/25 were regulated by sunlight. SsHAK1 and SsHAK21 played important role in mediating potassium acquisition under limited K+ supply. Our results provide valuable information and key candidate genes for further study on the function of HAK/KUP/KT genes in Saccharum. Keywords: Saccharum, HAK/KUP/KT, evolution, gene expression, low K+ stress
Towards a progression of health literacy skills: Establishing the HLS-Q12 cutoff scores
Authors: Guttersrud Øystein , Le Christopher , Pettersen Kjell Sverre , Helseth Sølvi , Finbråten Hanne Søberg
Published: December 2019

Background The self-reported European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) is a widely used measure for population health literacy. Based on confirmatory factor analyses and Rasch modelling, the short form HLS-Q12 was developed to meet the Rasch unidimensional measurement model expectations. After its publication, there was a worldwide call to identify HLS-Q12 cutoff scores and establish clearly delineated standards regarding the skills assessed. This study therefore aims to identify the HLS-Q12 scores associated with statistically distinct levels of proficiency and to construct a proficiency scale that may indicate what individuals typically know and can do at increasingly sophisticated levels of health literacy. Methods We applied the unidimensional Rasch measurement model for polytomous items to responses from 900 randomly sampled individuals and 388 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Using Rasch based item calibration, we constructed a proficiency scale by locating the ordered item thresholds along the scale. By applying Wright’s method for the maximum number of strata, we determined the cutoff scores for significantly different levels. By directly referring to item content that people who achieved the cutoff scores viewed as ‘easy’, we suggested what these gradually more advanced levels of health literacy might mean in terms of item content. Results Analysing the population sample, we identified statistically distinct levels of health literacy at the empirically identified cutoff scores 27, 33 and 39. We confirmed them by analysing the responses from individuals with diabetes. Using item calibration, the resulting HLS-Q12 proficiency scale expresses typical knowledge and skills at these three statistically distinct levels. The scale’s cumulative nature indicates what it may mean qualitatively to move from low to high health literacy. Conclusions By identifying levels of health literacy, we may initiate the improvement of current models of health literacy. Determining how to adapt information to patients’ health literacy level is a possible clinical outcome. A substantial methodological outcome is the inevitability of Rasch modelling in measurement. We found that Wright’s method identified rating scale cutoff scores consistently across independent samples. To reveal sources of potential biases, threats to validity and imprecision of benchmarks, replication of our study in other contexts is required
Risk of multi-drug resistant Campylobacter spp. and residual antimicrobials at poultry farms and live bird markets in Bangladesh
Authors: Neogi Sucharit Basu , Islam Md. Mehedul , Islam SK Shaheenur , Akhter A.H.M. Taslima , Sikder Md. Mahmudul Hasan , Yamasaki Shinji , Kabir S. M. Lutful
Published: December 2019

Background: Understanding potential risks of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens from the booming poultry sector is a crucial public health concern. Campylobacter spp. are among the most important zoonotic pathogens associated with MDR infections in poultry and human. This study systematically examined potential risks and associated socio-environmental factors of MDR Campylobacter spp. in poultry farms and live bird markets (LBMs) of Bangladesh. Methods: Microbial culture and PCR-based methods were applied to examine the occurrence and MDR patterns of Campylobacter spp. at hatcheries (n = 33), broiler farms (n = 122) and LBMs (n = 69). Antimicrobial residues in broiler meat and liver samples (n = 50) were detected by advanced chromatographic techniques. A questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was conducted on socio-environmental factors. Results: In poultry farms, Campylobacter spp. was primarily found in broiler cloacal swab (21/49, 43%), followed by drinking water (8/24, 33%), and meat (8/28, 29%) samples of broilers. Remarkably, in live bird markets, Campylobacter spp. was detected in higher prevalence in broiler meat (14/26, 54%), which could have an association with bacterial contamination in drinking water (11/21, 52%) and floor (9/21, 43%). Representative isolates (n = 71) were differentiated into two species: Campylobacter jejuni (66%) and Campylobacter coli (34%). Majority of C. jejuni (33/47, 70%) and C. coli (14/24, 58%) strains were observed to be MDR, showing resistance to amoxycilin, tetracycline and erythromycin, and additionally ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, streptomycin, and azithromycin. Residual antimicrobials, including oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, were detected in majority of broiler liver (79%) and meat (62%) samples. Alarmingly, 33% and 19% of the liver and meat samples, respectively, contained residual antimicrobial concentration above acceptable limit. Inadequate personal and environmental hygiene, unscrupulously use of antimicrobials, improper waste disposal, and lack of health surveillance and quarantine facilities of diseased birds were distinguishable risk factors, with local diversity and compound influences on MDR pathogens. Conclusion: Potential contamination sources and anthropogenic risk factors associated with the alarming occurrence of MDR Campylobacter, noted in this study, would aid in developing interventions to minimize the increasing risks of poultry-associated MDR pathogens under ‘One Health’ banner that includes poultry, human and environment perspectives.
Patients’ Satisfaction with Clinical Laboratory Services in Public Hospitals in Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Hiwot Amare , Lule Adinew Desale , Yalew Anteneh , Alaba Habtamu Asrat , Kebede Sisay , Dejene Daniel , Gebremicheal Hiwot Abebe , Gashu Andargachew , Yenealem Dereje , Ejigu Birhan Moges , Woldeamanuele Nebiyou Yemanebrhane , Desalegn Daniel Melese , Gurmessa Ashebir , Mohammed Awad , Getu Zekaryas , Ayana Gonfa , Anbessa Adisu Kebede , Abate Ebba
Published: December 2019

Background: Knowing customers’ level of satisfaction is relevant to improve and provide quality health care services. In the clinical laboratory, monitoring customers’ satisfaction is an important indicator of the quality management system and required by international laboratory standards. However, in Ethiopia, there has not been baseline data about the satisfaction level of patients’ with laboratory services at the national level. The aim of this national level survey was to assess patients’ satisfaction level with laboratory services at public hospitals in Ethiopia. Methods: A national survey was conducted using an institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed from 01 to 30 November 2017. A total of 2,399 patients were selected randomly from 60 public hospitals. Data was collected using structured questionnaire, entered in Epi Info and analyzed with SPSS software. Multiple logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictors of patients’ satisfaction with laboratory services. A p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result: Overall, 78.6% of the patients were satisfied with the clinical laboratory services. Patients were dissatisfied with cleanness of latrine (47%), long waiting time (30%), clear and understandable advisory service during specimen collection (26%), adequacy of waiting area (25%), easy accessibility of laboratory (19%) and latrine location (20%), availability of requested service (18%), unfair payment of service (17%) and missing of result (12%). The educational status (P = 0.032), and distance (P = 0.000) were significantly associated with client overall satisfaction level. Conclusion: Most laboratory patients’ were satisfied with the service provided by public hospital laboratories in public hospitals in Ethiopia. However, patients’ were dissatisfied with the accessibility of sites, adequacy of waiting area, cleanness of latrine, long TAT, communication, missing of results, availability of requested service and cost of service. Therefore, responsible bodies in each level should act on the identified gaps and improve the need of patients in each hospital laboratory. In addition, all hospital laboratories should conduct a satisfaction survey and meet the needs of laboratory patients. Keywords: patient satisfaction, hospital, laboratory service, national survey
Nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer and its associated factors at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.
Authors: Muhammed Ezedin Molla , Bifftu Berhanu Boru , Temachu Yemataw Zewdu , Walle Tarkie Abebe
Published: December 2019

Background: Pressure ulcer is largely avoidable, but its prevalence rate increased more than 80% in a thirteen years study. Nurses have a great position to advance best practices towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. Therefore they should be knowledgeable of the signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, and preventive strategies to reduce its incidence, but there is limited evidence on nurses’ knowledge and its associated factors to prevent pressure ulcer in Ethiopia.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and associated factors towards pressure ulcer prevention at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 – April 23/ 2018. A total of 356 nurses were selected by stratification with a simple random sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data. Frequency distribution and percentage were computed to describe each variable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval was also carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and declared statistical significant association with P< 0.05.
Result: The mean knowledge score of nurses was 25.22 out of 41 item questions. Fifty-two point five percent of nurses score above the mean. Males [AOR=0.44, 95% CI (0.26 – 0.73)], working a maximum of eight hours [AOR= 3.57, 95% CI (1.48 – 8.61), not having training [(AOR= 2.31, 95% CI (1.14 – 4.61)], Low salary [AOR= 3.47, 95% CI (1.03 – 11.67)] were significantly associated with inadequate knowledge.
Conclusion: Generally a nurse's knowledge of pressure ulcer was inadequate. Being female, working less than or equal to eight hours, not having the training and low working salary are contributors to a low level of knowledge for pressure ulcer.
Keywords: Knowledge, Nurses, Pressure Ulcer Prevention
Association between Severe Unaddressed Dental Needs and Developmental Health at School Entry in Canada: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Janus Magdalena , Reid-Westoby Caroline , Lee Catherine , Brownell Marni , Maguire Jonathon L.
Published: December 2019

Background
Dental problems are the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, with up to half of all kindergarten children having tooth decay. However, there is a lack of evidence of whether unaddressed dental needs (UDNs) are associated with children’s developmental health, a concept reflecting holistic child development - encompassing physical, emotional, and cognitive development. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between UDNs and developmental health among kindergarten children using the Early Development Instrument (EDI).
Methods
We examined associations between teacher reported UDNs and developmental vulnerability on the EDI. Children were included in the study if they were enrolled in kindergarten in publicly-funded schools in Canada between 2010 and 2015, had been in the classroom for at least one month, and had no more than 25% of missing items on the questionnaire.
Results
Among 576,264 children who met inclusion criteria (95.4% of eligible children), 2,465 (0.4%) were identified as having UDNs by their teachers. Children with UDNs had 4.58 to 8.27 times higher odds of being vulnerable on any of the five developmental domains (physical health and well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive development, communication skills and general knowledge), compared to children without UDNs.
Conclusion
In this study, teacher-reported UDNs were associated with developmental vulnerability in kindergarten children. Teacher reported unmet dental needs in kindergarten children may be a proxy for poor developmental health at school entry, and thus a marker for supporting both children’s oral health and early developmental needs.
How does a targeted active labour market program impact on the well-being of the unemployed? A Concept Mapping study on Barcelona “Employment in the Neighbourhoods”
Authors: Puig-Barrachina Vanessa , Malmusi Davide , Artazcoz Lucía , Bartoll Xavier , Clotet Eva , Cortés-Franch Imma , Ventura Lorena , Daban Ferran , Díez Èlia , Borrell Carme
Published: December 2019

Background: In 12 neighbourhoods of Barcelona (Spain), an innovative tailor-made Active Labour Market Program called “Employment in the neighbourhoods” was implemented to get people from deprived, high-unemployment neighbourhoods back to work. This study aimed to describe the effects of the program on participants’ quality of life, as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects, according to their own perception and the perception of technical staff by who are assisted.
Methods: We used Concept Mapping, a mixed methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative analysis to develop a conceptual map of perceptions of program’s participants and technical staff about changes in the participants’ quality of life. Data collection occurred within the generation and structuring steps where participants brainstorm answers to the focus question, and then rate and sort the responses. To compute maps, we used Concept Systems Incorporated software which conducted two main forms of analysis, a multidimensional scaling analysis followed by hierarchical cluster analysis.
Results: Study participants report several positive effects on mental health and emotional wellbeing, including self-esteem and empowerment. The mechanisms identified were strengthened social networks, skills acquisition and emotional coaching and personalized technical assistance. We also identified some negative impacts, mainly related to the labour market situation. We observed marked gender differences in the discourses of program participants.
Conclusions: The results obtained have allowed us to identify different perceived effects and mechanisms by which the “Employment in the Neighbourhoods” Active Labour Market Programme can influence the quality of life of participants from the most deprived areas of Barcelona.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the roles of stem nodes in cadmium transport to rice grain
Authors: Liu Ailing , Zhou Zhibo , Yi Yake , Chen Guanghui
Published: December 2019

Background: Node is the central organ of xylem to phloem transfer of nutrients and ions in plants. Cadmium (Cd)-induced crop pollution threatens food safety. Breeding cultivar with low Cd accumulation is a chance to resolve this universal problem. This study was performed to identify tissue specific genes involved in Cd accumulation in different rice stem nodes. Panicle node and the first node under panicle (node I) were sampled in two rice cultivars: Xiangwanxian No. 12 with low Cd accumulation and Yuzhenxiang with high Cd accumulation in the grains. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs. Results: Xiangwanxian No. 12 had lower Cd concentration in panicle node, node I and grain compared with Yuzhenxiang, and node Ⅰ had the highest Cd concentration in the two cultivars. RNA seq analysis identified 4,535 differentially expressed genes and 70 miRNAs between the two cultivars. Most genes (OsIRT1, OsNramp5, OsVIT2, OsNRT1.5A, and OsABCC1) related to the “transporter activity” play roles in blocking the upward transport of Cd in the low Cd-accumulative cultivar. Among the genes related to “response to stimulus”, we identified OsHSP70 and OsHSFA2d/B2c in Xiangwanxian No. 12, but not in Yuzhenxiang, were all down-regulated by Cd stimulus. The up-regulation of miRNAs (osa-miR528 and osa-miR408) played a potent role in lowering Cd accumulation via down regulation of genes, such as bZIP, ERF, MYB, SnRK1 and HSPs in Xiangwanxian No. 12 cultivar. Conclusions: Both panicle node and node I of Xiangwanxian No. 12 played a key role in blocking the upward transportation of Cd, while node I played a critical role in Yuzhenxiang. Distinct expression patterns of various transporter genes such as OsNRT1.5A, OsNramp5, OsIRT1, OsVIT2 and OsABCC1 resulted in differential Cd accumulation in different nodes. Likewise, distinct expression patterns of these transporter genes are likely responsible for the low Cd accumulation in Xiangwanxian No. 12 cultivar. MiRNAs drove multiple transcription factors, such as OsbZIPs, OsERFs, OsMYBs, to play a role in stress response, which contribute to the response to Cd stress in rice.
Genomic analysis of a riboflavin-overproducing Ashbya gossypii mutant isolated by disparity mutagenesis
Authors: Kato Tatsuya , Azegami Junya , Yokomori Ami , Dohra Hideo , Enshasy Hesham A. El , Park Enoch Y.
Published: December 2019

Background: Ashbya gossypii naturally overproduces riboflavin and has been utilized for industrial riboflavin production. To improve riboflavin production, various approaches have been developed. In this study, to investigate the change in metabolism of a riboflavin-overproducing mutant, namely, the W122032 strain (MT strain) that was isolated by disparity mutagenesis, genomic analysis was carried out.
Results: In the genomic analysis, 33 homozygous and 1377 heterozygous mutations were detected. Among these heterozygous mutations, the proportion of mutated reads in each gene was different, ranging from 21 to 75%. We tried to isolate haploid spores from the MT strain to prove it ploidy, but these spores were never isolated. These results suggest that the MT strain may contain multiple nuclei containing different mutations to survive without any spores. Homozygous and heterozygous mutations were found in genes encoding enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism, the TCA cycle, purine and pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism and the DNA mismatch repair system. Especially, genes encoding enzymes in mitochondria had many homozygous and heterozygous mutations intensively. These results suggest that the overproduction of riboflavin in the MT strain may be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Conclusion: This study provides new insights into riboflavin production in A. gossypii and the usefulness of disparity mutagenesis for the creation of new types of mutants for metabolic engineering.
A non-randomised trial of video and written educational adjuncts in undergraduate ophthalmology
Authors: Hogg Henry David Jeffry , Pereira Michael , Purdy Julian , Fre Richard J.R. , Lau Gordon B.
Published: December 2019

Background Provision of relevant pre-learning materials has been shown to increase student engagement and improve outcomes in medical education. This non-randomised study attempts to quantify the educational gains, and relative efficacy of video and written pre-learning materials, in ophthalmology undergraduate teaching.Methods 98 final year medical students were contacted prior to their three-day ophthalmology placements at a British tertiary ophthalmology unit. All participants were sent welcome packs prior to arrival requesting they undertake 90 minutes of work focusing on a list of specified ophthalmic conditions. One cohort (N=33) were sent written materials, another (N=32) was provided with video materials and a third cohort (N=33) were not sent any materials. On arrival participants completed a simple knowledge test, a questionnaire estimating the time they spent preparing for the placement and a self-reported knowledge score. The teaching on placement was the same for all cohorts. At the conclusion of each placement participants completed a challenging knowledge test, a clinical skills test and repeated self-reported knowledge scores.Results 87% of students receiving specified materials claimed to complete pre-placement work compared to 70% of those receiving learning outcomes alone (p=0.05). Students receiving learning materials scored higher in the post-placement tests of knowledge (p<0.001), 74.8% (72.4-77.2%) vs 63.6% (95%CI 59.3-67.9%) and skills (p=0.04), 86.9% (83.9-89.9%) vs 81.3% (77.2-85.4%). Students using video resources outperformed students using written materials in their visual acuity assessment test (p=0.03), 90.4% (86.6-94.2%) vs 83.6% (80.1-87.1%) whilst those receiving written rather than video material performed better in the end of placement knowledge test (p=0.03), 77.7% (74.3-81.1%) vs 72.0% (68.9%-75.1%).Conclusion This study showed that providing pre-placement learning materials improves undergraduates’ commitment and achievement. Written materials better facilitate knowledge acquisition while video materials preferentially promote skill acquisition. This is a novel demonstration within ophthalmology and can help address the imbalance between the expectations placed on undergraduates and the resources committed to ensuring they are met.