bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affirmative action in Australia – employment statistics can′t tell the whole story
Authors: Sheridan Alison J.
Published: July 2002

The Affirmative Action (Equal Employment Opportunity for Women) Act 1986, requires all private sector employers in Australia with more than 100 employees to report annually on programmes they have developed to improve women′s employment opportunities. A criterion sampling approach was used to identify organizations whose public reports to the Affirmative Action Agency in 1992, contained at least some evidence of affirmative action programme development. There were 288 organizations identified in this way. The employment profiles of these 288 organizations for the period 1991‐1993 are compared with a random sample of another 288 organizations reporting to the agency over the same period. There are no clear conclusions which can be drawn from the employment profiles. What does emerge from the analysis is that simple quantitative measures of the effects of affirmative action are clearly inadequate to capture women′s employment experiences.
Negotiating the package: the managerial woman′s experience in New
Zealand′s deregulated labour market
Authors: McGregor Judy , Tremaine Marianne
Published: July 2002

The impact of the deregulation of New Zealand′s labour market on
women is seriously under‐researched and to date available scholarship
tends to concentrate on collective bargaining with little written about
the effects of deregulation on women in management. The Employment
Contracts Act 1991 was presented by supporters as offering women more
flexibility in negotiating wages and conditions. Employers′ spokeswoman
Ann Knowles argues that the legislation empowers women because it allows
them to take greater responsibility for their own needs and aspirations.
Critics of the Act suggest that the labour flexibility strategies of
government and management are contributing to the marginalization of
women′s work, and that minority women fare worst. Hammond and Harbridge
argue that the assumption that gender neutrality underpins the labour
market is a fallacy and Hyman criticizes labour market deregulation on
the grounds that it perpetuates existing structures of inequality.
Examines the experiences of top women managers in negotiating individual
contracts under the Employment Contracts Act. In the case studies these
women leaders describe their experiences of negotiating their own
rewards and working arrangements. Explores whether female managers on
individual contracts believe the Employment Contracts Act 1991 delivers
the promise of labour market flexibility.
Corporate initiatives for advancing women
Authors: Mattis Mary C.
Published: July 2002

Describes two recent research projects on women′s advancement, one
in the food marketing industry and one in sales. These are the type of
industry which might be expected to offer women more opportunities for
advancement. The research showed this not to be the case. Identifies the
barriers to the advancement of women in both industries. Offers
recommendations for breaking down the barriers. Ends by citing specific
corporate initiatives which represent best practice.
Part‐time work: models that work
Authors: Adams Susan M.
Published: July 2002

Part‐time work has been put forward as a solution to the problem of
balancing career and family demands. However, there is mounting evidence
that most part‐time arrangements do not regularly produce such positive
solutions. Looks into the causes of women′s different reactions to
part‐time arrangements. Draws from a literature review, case studies of
individuals who work part‐time, and case studies of organizations who
employ part‐timers. Finds evidence for both negative and positive
outcomes resulting from part‐time employment. Analyses the
organizational factors which influence negative and positive outcomes.
Ends by summarizing the lessons for individual women that can be drawn
from the research.
The motivation of women entrepreneurs in Singapore
Authors: Lee Jean
Published: July 2002

Reports an empirical study, conducted within the context of Singapore, which examines the motives that stimulate women into becoming business owners. Aims to uncover the characteristics of a typical woman entrepreneur in Singapore; the motivational needs of women entrepreneurs; and the factors influencing the motivational needs of women entrepreneurs. Uses the Need Theory as a theoretical framework to study the motivation of women entrepreneurs. Hypothesizes that business ownership is a manifestation of four needs ‐ achievement; affiliation; autonomy; and dominance. Concludes that women entrepreneurs are motivated by a high need for achievement, a slightly high need for dominance and moderate needs for affiliation and autonomy. Finds women entrepreneurs demonstrate a higher need for achievement and dominance than women employees but significant difference in the needs for affiliation and autonomy.
Snakes and ladders? The differing career patterns of male and female accountants
Authors: Richardson Connie
Published: July 2002

It has been argued by Lepine (1992) and others that certain distinct career patterns are typical of the careers of women managers and that these may not correspond to a typical male model of a continuous, linear progression. Considers the career patterns of male and female accountants. It shows that male accountants are more likely than female accountants to follow a continuous linear path and that this type of career path has higher remuneration levels. This may partly explain differences in salary levels between male and female accountants but does not explain differences in salary levels found within particular career patterns. Assesses the effect of this cultural emphasis on those, both men and women, whose careers exhibit different characteristics.
Maintaining the rage: from “glass and concrete ceilings” and metaphorical sex changes to psychological audits and renegotiating organizational scripts ‐ part 1
Authors: Korac‐Kakabadse Nada , Kouzmin Alexander
Published: July 2002

Examines the “glass ceiling”, a putative invisible barrier but one that women experience as a very real impediment when vying for mobility, from a cultural perspective. In the case of “ethnic”, “coloured” and aboriginal women, the barrier is more often than not more visible with “concrete‐like” qualities of opaqueness. Argues that traditional images, meanings, expectations, values, assumptions and beliefs embedded in organizations with predominantly male management cultures and psycho‐structures need to be audited and, subsequently, changed. Emphasizes the urgency for cultural change in organizational structures to prevent the further emasculation and marginalization of women and other disfranchised actors in favour of a cultural diversity that accommodates gender, ethnicity and other social differences in action imperative for innovation and globalization. Identifies strategies for obliterating glass and concrete ceilings and achieving gender‐ and ethnic‐based equity in career opportunities.
Jobs for the girls? Change and continuity for women in high street banks
Authors: Parker Susan , Pascall Gillian , Evetts Julia
Published: July 2002

Banks have significantly changed their public policies about women’s access to management, to include career breaks and job sharing, with recruitment and promotion policies claiming equal opportunity for men and women. But has there been a revolution on the high street? A qualitative study of 40 women in banking explored questions of change and continuity with 20 clerical workers and 20 managers. From their perspective, men’s power in higher management positions can still be used to obstruct women’s advancement, and often contradicts the public policy that career and motherhood are compatible. New forms of dual labour market and gendered career routes are taking the place of old ones. These sideline women into less powerful and rewarding posts. They also create new divisions between women, privileging graduate entrants, but further obstructing clerical workers’ career development.
Senior female international managers: breaking the glass border
Authors: Linehan Margaret , Walsh James S.
Published: July 2002

The experience of women in international management – especially within a European context – has received little attention in the international human resource management literature. In particular, there is a dearth of empirical research which details the role and career moves of the senior female international manager. The particular focus of this paper is on the senior female international managerial career move in Europe. A total of 50 senior female expatriate managers were interviewed, representing a wide range of industry and service sectors. The article highlights a number of covert and overt barriers which the interviewees believed limit women’s international career opportunities. The findings indicate that it is timely for organisations to face and address the difficulties female managers encounter in their progression to senior managerial positions in order to ensure that future opportunities for progression to senior management is equal to that of their male counterparts.
Health effects of earthquakes
Authors: Gunn S.W.A.
Published: July 2002

A major earthquake causes massive destruction, high mortality, many
casualties and protracted health problems. The impact creates immediate
medical needs at the epicentre, while secondary health‐related problems
are likely to arise in the areas to which the stricken population has
moved for safety, or even afar in time and space, should the country′s
socio‐economic destabilization cause further deterioration of the health
conditions. Epidemiological studies have shed light on the disease
patterns following disasters, including earthquakes, and preparedness
measures are possible. Discusses hospitals, injury, patient transport,
logistics, communications, and disease and treatment problems arising
from recent earthquakes, including Kobe.
“Safety cultures” in British stadia and sporting
venues: understanding cross‐organizational collaboration for managing
public safety in British sports grounds
Authors: Frosdick Steve
Published: July 2002

Presents the findings from recent research into the management of
public safety risks in British sports grounds. Discusses the concept of
“safety culture” and briefly sets out the methodology
adopted for the study. Reviews some previous work on “safety
culture” analysis, and then cultural theory, introduces and offers
a socio‐anthropological method of fourfold cultural categorization as
the theoretical orientation. Reveals the four contrasting, viable and
archetypical models of organizing the cross‐organizational collaboration
required for public safety risk management in British stadia and other
sporting venues. Concludes by drawing out some implications for public
policy. Since there are four viable ways of organizing, and the
management system at each venue will have evolved in response to its
changing local environment, it follows that there is no “one best
way” of managing safety at sports grounds.
Local mass media operations in disasters in the USA
Authors: Quarantelli E.L.
Published: July 2002

Summarizes, under 12 general propositions, the findings from a series of field studies by the Disaster Research Center about the operations of the local mass media in disasters in the USA. The topics covered range from the disaster planning undertaken by mass media organizations, to the content of the news reported, and about differences among the electronic and print media involved, to the input of citizens into stories about disasters. Additionally, raises questions about the extent to which the findings can be extrapolated to other than US society.
Crisis: when does a molehill become a mountain?
Authors: Keown‐McMullan Caroline
Published: July 2002

Crises are hitting our industries with alarming regularity. Yet the word crisis is usually used with little thought to its meaning. Examines the various meanings which have been proposed by authors in the field of crisis management, and contends that for a situation to develop into a crisis three elements must be present: a triggering event causing significant change or having the potential to cause significant change; the perceived inability to cope with this change; and a threat to the existence of the foundation of the organization.
Aviation safety: a quality perspective
Authors: Waikar Avinash , Nichols Phillip
Published: July 2002

“Safety is no accident.” It is not a coincidence that this slogan appears often in FAA literature, correspondence and advisory circulars. It is a frequent reminder to all of us that reliability and safety in aviation is a team effort and that all individuals are responsible for doing their part towards the maintenance of a safe flying environment. Presents aviation safety in the TQM framework of customer focus, continuous process improvement and total involvement. Identifies customers at various levels and illustrates, with examples, how continuous improvement occurs. Highlights the mechanism in place which helps ensure these improvements. Shows that total involvement yields safety, reliability and quality in the aviation services that we receive today. Discusses the presence and prevalence of TQM in various sectors of aviation and suggests that further continual improvements are still needed in today’s aviation.
Selecting managers for a hazardous environment
Authors: Slaven Georgina , Flin Rhona
Published: July 2002

Following civilian disasters such as Piper Alpha, Hillsborough and King’s Cross, personnel professionals are rethinking the types of individuals needed to fill senior posts, considering the demands of responding to a serious emergency. Presents the results from a project designed to examine the current selection, training and assessment procedures for managers of offshore oil and gas installations in the North Sea, with particular emphasis on their ability to take command in the event of a serious offshore incident. Personnel and operations managers in 38 oil and gas exploration and production companies in the UK were interviewed. Characteristics sought in an offshore installation manager were leadership and command ability, communication skills, sound judgement, decisiveness and a stable disposition. Selection decisions were based predominantly on the candidate’s previous performance, appraisal reports and managerial recommendations rather than more formal methods such as interview panels, assessment centres or psychometric tests. An industry‐wide concern regarding managerial competence has led to increased use of emergency management simulations for training and assessment. The lack of formal assessments during the selection procedure is surprising, but the recent introduction of high fidelity, emergency management simulations present an additional source of valuable information on future candidates if assessment data are collected rigorously.
The role of the new information technologies in emergency mitigation, planning, response and recovery
Authors: Fischer Henry W.
Published: July 2002

Multimedia, CD‐ROM, DVD, Internet, Web Sites and e‐mail are all part of a constantly changing, emerging array of the new information technologies which are being utilized in public education and are increasingly being applied to emergency planning and training activities to enhance emergency preparedness. Illustrations are presented which demonstrate the utility of multimedia, CD‐ROM, and Internet applications to this process. These technologies will be applied to demonstrate how emergency planners may more effectively accomplish their mission to educate the larger community on a variety of issues such as the need to adopt proposed mitigation strategies, to respond to disaster warnings and evacuation suggestions. These technologies will also be applied to demonstrate how response and recovery information can be readily disseminated to an impacted area. Applications will also be provided which demonstrate the utility of these technologies in enhancing training activities for emergency personnel as well as extending the opportunity for such training beyond the time and place of the original trainer.
The framework protecting ports and ships from fire and pollution
Authors: Goulielmos Alexander M. , Pardali Angeliki
Published: July 2002

Presents the status of public policy on protecting ports and ships and describes Greek law and practice regarding combating ship fires. Also “best practices” are identified with regard to preventing and suppressing fires on ships. Authors believe that a neglected topic is the protection of the port sea environment, a problem which made ESPO (European Sea Ports Organisation) create a code of practice for protecting the port environment and DG VII to implement it but are these sufficient for the protection of ports and ships?
Impact evaluation of an HIV screen educational advertisement
Authors: Sixsmith Jane , Cecily Kelleher C. , Crangle Emer
Published: July 2002

An advertisement explicitly depicting behaviours associated with transmission of HIV was developed with the aim of reminding people of the continued threat posed by the virus to health. Evaluation of the advertisement was carried out to assess its impact on the target group of people, those aged 18‐36 years. An international film festival provided the opportunity for the advertisement to be screened and an exit poll was carried out with a randomly selected 11 per cent sub‐sample of the total audience of 2,045. The results indicate that the advertisement reached and was assimilated by the target audience. Some differences were found based on socio‐demographic variables, with women finding the portrayals in the advertisement more realistic than men. All audience reactions were positive with support expressed for wider dissemination of the advertisement. The advertisement has subsequently been released nationally through cinemas.
Lessons learned: working towards the National Healthy School Standard
Authors: Aggleton Peter , Rivers Kim , Mulvihill Caroline , Chase Elaine , Downie Amanda , Sinkler Paige , Tyrer Paul , Warwick Ian
Published: July 2002

As part of the work leading to the development of the National Healthy Schools Scheme, an audit was carried out of existing healthy schools schemes in England. This, together with an evaluation of healthy schools activities within eight pilot healthy schools partnerships throughout England funded by the Department of Health and the Department for Education and Employment, formed part of the research underpinning the creation of a National Healthy Schools Standard. Principles for effective working are identified, as well as difficulties likely to be encountered in creating and promoting such a standard.
The Health Promoting School, general practice and the creative arts: an example of inter‐sectoral collaboration
Authors: Green Jackie , Tones Keith
Published: July 2002

The Health Promoting School concept and recent developments in the Health Service in the UK place both schools and primary care under some pressure to form collaborative links. However, such collaboration is currently rare. Presents a case study of an example of effective collaboration and identifies the benefits and difficulties from the perspective of both the school and the general practice. An analysis is provided of the factors contributing to successful collaboration, and the role of creative arts as a vehicle for joint working is discussed.
The health‐promoting school in Wales: an overview
Authors: Bowker Sue , Tudor‐Smith Chris
Published: July 2002

This paper charts the progress of the health‐promoting school concept in Wales from a pilot project to a key component of mainstream health‐promotion activity. The paper particularly focuses on Wales’ participation in the European Network of Health‐Promoting Schools and on the current initiative, the Welsh Network of Healthy School Schemes. It also identifies the key lessons learned from the work in Wales, including the need to gain the support of the schools’ senior management, to appoint an enthusiastic school co‐ordinator and to plan clearly a limited number of actions, with achievable timescales.
Views of young people towards physical activity: determinants and barriers to involvement
Authors: Mulvihill Caroline , Rivers Kim , Aggleton Peter
Published: July 2002

A five‐month, exploratory, in‐depth study was conducted in six sites across England with young people aged 11‐15 and the parents of secondary school aged children to identify drivers and barriers to involvement in physical activity. Over 100 young people were interviewed in both secondary school and out‐of‐school settings. Two group interviews were also conducted with parents. Findings highlight that both young people and parents consider physical activity important for physical, mental and social wellbeing. Clear gender differences were found in relation to regular involvement in physical activity. Young women were less likely to engage in active pursuits in and out of school, and were more critical of physical education. The research suggests that the determinants of physical activity in young people are complex. A flexible and differentiated approach to the provision and promotion of physical activity seems needed to meet the changing motivational needs and preferences of this age group.
The impact of an arthritis self‐management programme on psychosocial wellbeing
Authors: Turner Andy , Williams Bethan , Barlow Julie
Published: July 2002

Notes that living with arthritis involves pain and fatigue, physical limitations, problems with social relationships and loss of social and leisure activities. Describes the psychosocial challenges associated with living with arthritis and examines whether, as a result of attending an arthritis self‐management programme (ASMP), participants felt more capable of meeting those challenges. Interviews were conducted with 16 participants before they attended the ASMP; two weeks after completing the course; and at eight months. During the ASMP, participants benefited from developing an empathic relationship with their peers, thereby reducing feelings of isolation. The ASMP also promoted positive behavioural changes such as exercise, relaxation and pain management. A greater sense of personal control served as a precursor for involvement in initiatives aimed at providing solutions for their local arthritis communities. Suggests a self‐management programme can provide a forum that facilitates peer support and improves coping skills.
The Sensitive Subject of Personal Hygiene
Authors: Thornton Joan
Published: July 2002

Describes a method for covering the issue of personal hygiene in a
health education class. Emphasizes the sensitive approach required to
tackle this subject with young people who may be embarrassed by severe
acne, for example, or who do not have a bath or hot water at home.
Provides a lesson outline and a true/false quiz on various aspects of
personal hygiene.
The ins and outs of alcohol education
Authors: King Adrian
Published: July 2002

Considers issues relevant to alcohol education for young people,
such as the behaviour and attitudes of adults they encounter. Describes
the many influences that affect young people′s perceptions of safe
levels of alcohol consumption, including advertising, the easy
availability of alcohol and role models in the media. Concludes that
reinforcing young people′s skills, knowledge and attitudes can help them
to make considered and informed decisions about their drinking. Urges
health educators to find out what pupils know before deciding what to
teach.
Sex education in the early years
Authors: Hayes Irene
Published: July 2002

Describes the role of parents, nursery class teachers, and primary
schools in providing sex education for very young children. Emphasizes
that good self‐esteem is essential if children and young people are to
make use of the information they are given about the risks of certain
behaviours, and that promotion of good self‐esteem should begin at an
early age. Refutes the argument that information about sex should be
given on a need‐to‐know basis. Describes how families, nursery classes
and early years classes can tackle sex education in a positive way.
Don′t panic – schools′ responses to drug incidents
Authors: Cohen Julian
Published: July 2002

Summarizes some of the latest statistics concerning drug use by
young people of school age. Emphasizes that every secondary school in
the country has young people who use and come into regular contact with
drugs. Outlines a set of good practice guidelines for schools on how to
deal with drug incidents on their premises or by their students.
Suggests that schools should develop their own policies, know the legal
position, use sensible sanctions consistently and ensure that students
know what the rules are and what penalties apply if they break them.
Circles of self‐esteem
Authors: Collin Heather
Published: July 2002

Describes the advantages of introducing circle sessions into the
classroom, and some of the strategies helpful in running circle
sessions, such as rounds, brainstorms and the need for ground rules.
Summarizes some of the evidence for low self‐esteem among young people.
Gives an account of the author′s personal experience of circle work, and
how it helped her teaching practice. Includes comments from some of her
pupils.
Making your governing body work
Authors: White Norma
Published: July 2002

Reviews some of the changes in the law relating to education which
have given school governors greater powers than formerly. Describes how
these new powers can create polarization between staff and governors,
and between teaching and nonteaching governors. Outlines the format for
a workshop designed to improve assertiveness among governors and
teaching staff, which highlights the differences between aggressive,
passive and assertive behaviours.
Future prospects for health education in initial teacher education
Authors: Scriven Angela
Published: July 2002

Assesses the influence of the recent Government reforms in initial
teacher education on the health education training of new recruits into
the profession. Describes findings from the last major research study
into health education in initial teacher training and appraises the new
criteria for teacher education courses. Concludes that health education
in teacher training is likely to become increasingly marginalized.
Highlights contradictions in Government policy and urges professionals
to attempt to influence the ways in which higher education institutions
interpret the criteria on which courses will be developed and judged.
Foundations for healthy bones
Authors: Collins Dawn
Published: July 2002

Alerts health educators to the message that eating a healthy diet
and taking regular exercise in childhood and young adulthood can help to
prevent the bone disease osteoporosis in later life. Describes a
teaching pack produced by the National Osteoporosis Society for primary
school children. Summarizes evidence that school children take
insufficient exercise and that many teenagers have a poor calcium
intake. Reports on feedback from schools which have used the teaching
pack.
A place in the curriculum for child protection
Authors: Evans Gill
Published: July 2002

Summarizes the responsibilities that schools have to include child
protection and prevention of abuse within the curriculum. Describes how
the Department for Education is making £3 million available for
training of one teacher in each school to handle issues of child abuse,
and lists the roles of these teachers. Explains how any programme
designed to prevent abuse must be suitable for all children, whether
they have suffered abuse or not. Lists the six key concepts that
underpin such educational programmes. Observes how failure to boost
self‐esteem and encourage assertiveness skills will make children and
young people more vulnerable to abuse. Describes cross‐curricular
exercises and topic themes that make it possible to focus on the key
concepts relevant to the prevention of child abuse.
Oh boys! Sex education and young men
Authors: Davidson Neil
Published: July 2002

Describes how the influence of feminist thinking has altered the approach to sex education for young women, while young men remain damaged and restricted by rigid stereotypes of men. Suggests that, while women have done good work on sex education with boys, men should also get involved in sex education for boys, providing an alternative for the stereotype that men do not talk seriously about sex. Provides some suggestions for ways of carrying out this work.
A “discourse of the pinks and blues”: some arguments for the visibility of gender in the PSHE curriculum
Authors: Prendergast Shirley
Published: July 2002

Observes that the existence, experience and implications of gender are often ignored in sex education in school, and argues that the given sex and learned gender of young people must be taken into account if their sex education needs are to be addressed. Summarizes the gendered messages which boys and girls receive even before formal sex education begins, the messages about gender contained in sex education resources, and those implicit in the school’s hidden curriculum. Highlights ways in which schools can take more account of gender issues in their curricula on personal, social and health education. Challenges the orthodoxy that sex education should always be taught in mixed groups.
Mock sexual health clinics for school pupils
Authors: Jackson Pat , Plant Zoe
Published: July 2002

Gives an account of a project run by Optimum Health Services NHS Trust offering attendance at mock sexual health clinics to young people attending schools in Lewisham and Southwark in South London. The mock clinics were set up after the authors visited Sweden on a study tour and observed similar projects in operation there. The principal aim of the mock sexual health clinics was to increase the access of family planning clinics to young people. The pilot project involved about 300 pupils from four schools, ranging from year 10 to year 12. Feedback from pupils showed that they enjoyed attending a clinic away from the school environment, learning how the clinic operated and about the issue of confidentiality, including separate record keeping by the clinic and general practitioners’ surgeries. The main problem identified was that one hour in length sessions were too short. Suggests that it could be useful to offer attendance at mock sexual health clinics for both teachers, as part of INSET training, and parents, particularly parents of pupils with learning disabilities. Emphasizes that all staff involved needed to work within the framework of each school’s sex education policy and existing legislation. Concludes that education and health services need to work in collaboration to ensure that sex education and sexual health services for young people are developed in conjunction with each other, as either one on its own is not sufficient.
Non‐physical forms of bullying among school pupils: a cause for concern
Authors: Boulton Michael J. , Hawker David S.
Published: July 2002

Considers which behaviours pupils and teachers regard as bullying. Finds that a substantial proportion of people fail to include non‐physical acts ‐ such as deliberately leaving somebody out of activities, laughing at someone’s misfortunes, and name‐calling ‐ in their definition of bullying. Reports on the frequency with which various behaviours were experienced by young people, and how they might affect standardized measures of psychological wellbeing. Finds that many children were bullied in non‐physical ways, and that these experiences were associated with psychological disturbances. Suggests that health educators should do more to widen teachers’ and pupils’ conceptions of bullying to include non‐physical acts of violence, and to encourage schools and other institutions to do more to combat them.
A survey of health promotion in Welsh secondary schools, 1995
Authors: Tudor‐Smith Chris , Roberts Chris , Parry‐Langdon Nina , Bowker Sue
Published: July 2002

Presents data from a 1995 self‐completion questionnaire survey of secondary schools in Wales on the organization and provision of health education teaching, the implementation of health‐related policies and the involvement of outside agencies in the planning and delivery of health promotion. The results from the 187 responding schools (82 per cent) show that a firm base exists for further developing health‐promoting secondary schools in Wales. Recommends that health education co‐ordinators devote preparation time to promote best practice in the subject and that schools put more effort into developing broadly based policies for health covering all those who use school premises. Advocates the structured integration of community resources into school programmes and improved understanding within schools of the concept of the health‐promoting school.
Volatile substance misuse
Authors: Ives Richard
Published: July 2002

Reviews the response of Government and drug agencies to the problem of volatile substance abuse (VSA). Describes how VSA has, in the past, been treated differently to abuse of other drugs, both legal and illegal, but that most agencies now believe it should be dealt with alongside other drugs. Reviews the main findings of a report on volatile substances from the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, and the Government’s response to it. Describes the measure put in place in the UK to help control the supply of sniffable substances, and the need for education campaigns for parents and young people. Concludes there are no grounds for optimism, as the latest figures on deaths due to VSA show a rise. Gives recommendations for professionals who wish to seek further help for those involved with VSA.
Be cool ‐ know the rules!
Authors: Burgess Linda
Published: July 2002

Observes that a major risk factor for developing malignant melanoma is severe exposure to the sun in childhood and adolescence. Summarises the epidemiology of skin cancers, including the alarming rate of increase in new cases of malignant melanoma. Describes the Government target of halting the rise each year in newly diagnosed cases of skin cancers by 2005. Given the dearth of suitable resources available to assist health educators in teaching young people about the harmful effects of the sun, describes the development of a user‐friendly teaching pack suitable for Key Stage 2 children (7 to 11 years), which aims to promote positive behaviours. Suggests that educating children at this crucial stage may lead to a decrease in new cases of skin cancer in future years. Shows that early evaluation of the teaching course has so far been encouraging.
Focus on safety – an award scheme for nurseries, pre‐schools and playgroups in the City of Hull
Authors: Cockerill Alison
Published: July 2002

Accidents are the most common cause of death to children over the age of one year. Pre‐school children are at particular risk and account for 30 percent of child attendances following an accident at Hull Royal Infirmary Accident and Emergency Department. With children spending more time outside the home at pre‐schools, playgroups and nurseries there is a need to ensure that accident prevention and safety remains high on their agenda. This paper details the development of the Focus on Safety award scheme developed by a multi‐agency group in Hull. Participating groups are asked to consider their own health and safety policies and how they promote accident prevention to both children and their parents / carers. The pilot of the Award Scheme showed that it was very popular with nurseries, pre‐schools and playgroups and that it was meeting a definite need.
Risk management: the way forward
Authors: Ross Derek
Published: July 2002

Reports that banks have to implement additional risk management techniques owing to the failure of existing models to prevent losses that occurred as a result of financial upheaval. Discusses survey results of chartered accountants Deloitte and Touche, about the establishment of banks’ new directions. Highlights four main points that are the direct result of several forces: financial markets globalization; regulatory developments; maturity of risk management; and complexity of financial products. Evaluates stress testing in organizations using a series of tables to emphasize them. Concludes that the survey indicates there is a general awareness within most financial institutions about key areas of strong financial management but other areas require further development.
How good are banks at managing business risk?
Authors: Cooper Chris
Published: July 2002

States that information and help on managing business risk was sought by the Financial and Management Accounting Committee of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). Examines Pricewaterhouse‐Coopers part in this – in their guise as Global Risk Management Solutions and the guidance in an emerging area. Further discusses risk management and the interest in it, its improvement possibilities and the adoption of an integrated approach. Proposes that the implementation of risk architecture is not a response to risk but rather a paradigm shift that involves enterprises changing.
Getting risk managers to the top table
Authors: Belton Adrian
Published: July 2002

Discusses how risk managers can improve style and methods of their techniques. Sets out perspectives based on the author’s experiences as a director of Barclays Group and shows how to gain entry to the “top table” of management. Itemizes the four main drivers to make risk management an interesting top table topic; first, directors are concerned with matters of corporate governance; second, top tables are further using a broader “balanced scorecard” to manage the organizations; third, help inform capital debates on the top table and last, a growing interest in “new” areas of risk. Urges opportunities to be seized to accept the coming challenges.
Is securitisation still a useful balance sheet tool?
Authors: Barnes David , Warman Neil
Published: July 2002

Examines the securitization market and explores the factors which fuel grounds for growth in this market and whether, in light of proposed BIS changes, it will continue to expand. Discusses possible pitfalls and itemizes these with further explanations. Looks at the situation in three countries in particular – Italy, Germany and France, giving useful breakdowns on each. Concludes that banks will have an even greater incentive to remove high‐credit risk corporates from balance sheets owing to capital required.
Recruitment in Context
Authors: Lee Richard
Published: July 2002

Considers many factors which influence staff recruitment in the current
economic climate and debates what are seen as the four main dilemmas:
flexibility versus security; control versus empowerment;
“competence” versus learning and comfort versus challenge. Concludes with
several pieces of advice for those involved in the recruitment process.
Professional staff development in academic libraries: the University of Science and Technology Library, Kumasi
Authors: Osei Isaac
Published: July 2002

Observes that staff development, undoubtedly, effectively enhances staff performance and job effectiveness, and the climate of interpersonal relations in an organization. Focuses on the need for professional staff development in an academic library and describes the state of the art of professional staff development at the University of Science and Technology Library, Kumasi, Ghana.
TQM Training for Small and Medium Industries in Malaysia
Authors: Hamzah Amir , Ho Samuel
Published: July 2002

Suggests that, in today’s economy, competition is greater than ever. For
small and medium industries (SMIs) to continue to survive and grow, the
quality of their goods and services is of paramount importance. In the
1990s, two main subjects on quality capture the attention of most
businesses in the world – namely the ISO 9000 Quality Management Standard
and total quality management (TQM). Aims to find out what is so special
about ISO 9000 and TQM and why it is necessary for SMIs to acquire them.
In 1992, the Japan International Co‐operation Agency sent a team to
study the Quality Improvement Programme in Malaysia, a report of which
was published in January 1993 with recommendations for SMIs. Details the
findings and attempts to survey the current thinking and development of
TQM. Establishes the rationale for achieving TQM through a Quality
Improvement Practice (QIP) at the Standards and Industrial Research
Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM). Finally, suggests a model (SIRIMEX) for
providing training and helping to implement TQM in SMIs.
E.QUALITY @ BT…
Authors: Macmillan Roderick H.
Published: July 2002

Explains that an online ISO 9001 based management system has been developed using the Worldwide Web, a hypermedia system and part of the Internet. Subject matter is presented as an alphabetical list of linked encyclopaedia‐style entries. Numerous navigational techniques are available, and the system allows the user several different routes to particular information. ISO 9001 and Tickit cross‐references are incorporated, together with linked process diagrams, a topic‐based change log and electronic forms. The level of detail presented on screen may be controlled by users.
An evaluation of TQM and the techniques for successful implementation
Authors: Kia Liang Tan Peter
Published: July 2002

Shows an in‐depth research focusing on the concerns of organizations in improving productivity and profitability levels by effective and efficient means using TQM. Evaluates the findings of TQM implementations from manufacturing and service industries and provides techniques on how TQM can be made to work successfully for any organization are provided.
Developing programme specifications with professional bodies and statutory regulators in health and social care
Authors: Pittilo R. Michael , Morgan Graham , Fergy Sue
Published: July 2002

This article describes a collaborative and ambitious project involving academics and colleagues in the health‐ and social care professional body and statutory regulatory body community to develop a consistent approach to programme specifications and transcripts. Through an iterative consultative process a consensus emerged amongst the majority of relevant professional bodies and statutory regulatory bodies that, over a period of time, consistent programme specification and transcripts could be integrated into their accreditation and regulatory processes. The implementation of higher education policy on programme specification and transcripts must be seen in the context of rapid and profound change in the health‐ and social care professions. It concludes that the adoption of programme specifications will promote greater clarity about the objectives for education and training for health‐ and social care professionals which in turn will help ensure a supply of fit for practice and purpose professionals to form the future health‐ and social care workforce essential to meet the government’s ambitious modernisation agenda.
Research degree examining – common principles and divergent practices
Authors: Powell Stuart , McCauley Claire
Published: July 2002

Reports on discussions that took place at a series of specialist seminars and workshops on research degree examining organised by the UK Council for Graduate Education during 2000/2001 at various venues in the UK. Debates the processes and procedures of research degree examination in the UK in terms of variations in practice that exist along with principles that signal a common identity. Takes account of the effects of developments in, for example, professional doctorates and the PhD by published work and on perceptions of the “traditional” examination. Issues addressed include: the composition of PhD examining panels and the roles of individual examiners; the training and qualification of examiners; the purpose and nature of the oral examination; the tension between examination of the process of training and that of the “finished product” (which the thesis may be seen to represent). Argues for the need for more transparency about examination processes, for challenge to common assumptions and for a refocusing on research degree examination as a process of assessment.
Benchmarking the PhD – a tentative beginning
Authors: Shaw Malcolm , Howard Green D.
Published: July 2002

The Quality Assurance Agency’s (QAA) qualifications framework has resulted in hives of benchmarking activity in 42 subject areas focussed on defining acceptable standards of performance exclusively for first degree awards. There appears to be little similar activity nationally around postgraduate awards. It has been suggested by QAA that, for the time being, awards at postgraduate levels should be benchmarked directly by reference to the outcomes contained within the qualifications framework for awards at levels M and D. This leaves something of a significant black hole in efforts to assure equity of standards across the postgraduate sector. Begins to address this situation by identifying the sort of thinking that has emerged from undergraduate benchmarking groups and applying it in the context of attempting to benchmark the standards of the PhD. Identifies and discusses issues emerging from this process and from associated national workshop activity. Concludes by indicating the questions to which clear answers should be sought if the PhD, as well as other postgraduate awards, are to be rigorously benchmarked.
Process analysis without the guesswork
Authors: Graham Ben S.
Published: July 2002

The first‐hand experience of operating people combined with well
prepared charts of their processes can take the guesswork out of process
improvement. Process charts provide cross‐functional teams of operating
people with a comprehensive picture enabling them to view their work
from the perspective of the organization rather than from their
particular work areas. At the same time the charts break the processes
down into steps that can be dealt with realistically. Done well this
approach cuts through the bureaucracy and results in processes that are
faster and produce finer quality and greater output. This approach also
fosters cooperation and legitimate pride among the operating people,
thus preparing the organization for continuous improvement.
Headquarters‐foreign subsidiary control relationships: three
conceptual frameworks
Authors: Rodrigues Carl A.
Published: July 2002

When a corporation establishes a subsidiary in a foreign country,
its managers must decide how much control they need to maintain over the
subsidiary′s managers. A headquarters‐foreign subsidiary control
relationship (HSR) can be one of centralization or decentralization. The
first framework proposes that national culture influences the HSR. The
second framework posits that certain situational factors influence the
HSR in all countries. The third framework puts forth the idea that
either too much centralization or too much decentralization eventually
leads to organizational ineffectiveness. Therefore, effective HSRs are
those which are balanced. A balanced HSR is attained when headquarters
(HQ) managers make decisions based on: an understanding of the cultural
and other needs of foreign subsidiary managers; an understanding of the
needs of specific organizational situations; and an organizational
global vision, core values, and cultural principles which are shared by
all subsidiary managers.
Empowering middle managers in public education
Authors: Glasman Naftaly S.
Published: July 2002

Reports on two sets of perceptions which public school principals
have about empowerment. One set involves the recent expansion of
responsibilities delegated to principals by their superiors in the
school district office as well as the empowering by the principals of
their teachers of some of these responsibilities. The other set of
perceptions focusses on the introduction of input by principals as
evaluatees to their evaluation by their superiors in the school district
office. Offers conceptual guidelines about empowerment as guides for
these studies and introduces these first. Ends with selected
implications of these studies for practice.