bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Permutation invariant encodings for quantum machine learning with point cloud data
Authors: Heredge Jamie , Hill Charles , Hollenberg Lloyd , Sevior Martin
Published: May 2024

Quantum computing offers a potentially powerful new method for performing machine learning. However, several quantum machine learning techniques have been shown to exhibit poor generalisation as the number of qubits increases. We address this issue by demonstrating a permutation invariant quantum encoding method, which exhibits superior generalisation performance, and apply it to point cloud data (three-dimensional images composed of points). Point clouds naturally contain permutation symmetry with respect to the ordering of their points, making them a natural candidate for this technique. Our method captures this symmetry in a quantum encoding that contains an equal quantum superposition of all permutations and is therefore invariant under point order permutation. We test this encoding method in numerical simulations using a quantum support vector machine to classify point clouds drawn from either spherical or toroidal geometries. We show that a permutation invariant encoding improves in accuracy as the number of points contained in the point cloud increases, while non-invariant quantum encodings decrease in accuracy. This demonstrates that by implementing permutation invariance into the encoding, the model exhibits improved generalisation.
Status of postharvest papaya anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Getnet Muluken , Alemu Kumlachew , Tsedaley Binyam
Published: May 2024

Papaya is among the most economically important fruit crops cultivated in Ethiopia supporting the livelihood of thousands of people. Anthracnose of papaya caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the major limitation that threatens the production and consumption of papaya fruit worldwide. This investigation was initiated to determine the current status of papaya anthracnose and identify factors influencing postharvest loss of papaya fruit in Assosa Zone, western Ethiopia. Field and market assessments were conducted in three major papaya-producing districts of Assosa Zone namely Assosa, Bambasi, and Homosha. Data on the disease intensity of anthracnose was recorded both in the field and in the market. Furthermore, factors associated with postharvest disease development were recorded through administration of a pretested semi-structured questionnaire to randomly selected papaya producers, wholesalers, and retailers. The results revealed that anthracnose of papaya was prevalent in all assessed localities, nevertheless, there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference between districts and peasant association in intensity of disease. At the orchard level, the disease incidence and severity ranged between 21.30–33.87% and 10.90–20.83%, respectively. Similarly, postharvest anthracnose incidence and severity ranged between 47.04–60.85% and 28.84–47.95%, respectively. Morphological and pathological identification of pure cultures from symptomatic fruits revealed that C. gloeosporioides was the causal agent of postharvest anthracnose of papaya in the Assosa Zone. Moreover, poor postharvest practices such as wrong methods of harvesting, improper handling of produce, and poor or improper transportation facilities are some factors that significantly influence postharvest disease development. This empirical evidence revealed that anthracnose is the major challenge to papaya production and utilization in Assosa, Western Ethiopia.
Here and Now at Historic Sites
Authors: Ludvigsson David , Stolare Martin , Trenter Cecilia
Published: May 2024

The study explores the meaning-making of cultural heritage in school field trips to five sites in the region Östergötland in Sweden. It treats the materiality of the place and experiences of the guides and the pupils, obtained in school as well as in other contexts, as meaning-making resources during the site visits. It emphasises that sites should be seen as processes, open to interpretations and reinterpretations. The visitor is steered by expectations and common values as well as by the ways in which the heritage site is displayed and presented. In the present study, both adults (guides) and children (pupils) are defined as visitors. The authors draw on theories from history education research and from heritage studies when interpreting how pupils encounter heritage sites, they underline the centrality of 'the flesh and embodied agency' in the experience of sites. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Staphylococcal aureus outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units: strategies, nuances, and lessons learned from the frontline
Authors: Rooney Christopher M. , Lancaster Rebecca , McKechnie Liz , Sethi Kavita
Published: May 2024

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in neonates can result in significant morbidity and mortality. However, comparatively to adults, neonatal MRSA data remains relatively scarce. Additionally, while evidence-driven practices for adults have seen considerable progress, neonatal infection prevention strategies remain poorly described. The Leeds Newborn Service adopted a series of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures following a rise in MRSA cases in 2008–2009. This narrative review presents IPC measures for neonatal MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections and reflects upon local challenges and successes of these interventions. Our experience underscores the importance of an adaptive, evidence-based strategy, tailored to the neonatal population. Effectively addressing MRSA/MSSA requires continuous monitoring with sustained targeted interventions. Our key learning points highlight the intertwined difficulties of specific neonatal requirements and lack of definitive IPC guidance, suggesting a holistic approach is key for successful IPC outcomes in the neonatal intensive care unit setting.
Unthinkable, Thinkable, and Back Again: The Use of Incarceration in Ontario during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Johnson Brendyn , Leclerc Chloé
Published: May 2024

The arrival of COVID-19 added potentially deadly consequences to incarceration. In response, jurisprudence developed allowing for some to be spared the deprivation of their liberty. However, there is insufficient empirical evidence that this avoidance of incarceration occurred in practice in Ontario. Using fieldwork methods conducted in Ontario criminal courts coupled with data from Statistics Canada, we investigate if a change in the use of incarceration during the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, and if friction emerged between those who may and may not espouse this new outlook. We find a notable and persistent decrease in the use of incarceration, that this was welcomed by many court actors but also that a fatigue with such leniency grew among others. We discuss what this fatigue might signify for the potential longevity of this more exceptional use of incarceration and more largely what this can signify about changes in Canada’s criminal justice system.
Compliance considerations in the geo-enrichment of an EHR data warehouse with social and environmental determinants of health
Authors: Abdallah Maryam , Bahroos Neil , Angyan Praveen , MacDonald Beau , Catignas Camilla , Garofalo Daniella , Chuang Amy , Abajian Hakob , Wilson John
Published: May 2024

Social and environmental determinants of health (SEDoH) are crucial for achieving a holistic understanding of patient health. In fact, geographic factors may have more influence on health outcomes than patients’ genetics. Integrating SEDoH into the electronic health record (EHR), however, poses notable technical and compliance-related challenges. We evaluated barriers to the integration of SEDoH in the EHR and developed a privacy-preserving strategy to mitigate risk of protected health information exposure. Using coded identifiers for patient addresses, the strategy evaluates an alternative approach to ensure efficient, secure geocoding of data while preserving privacy throughout the data enrichment processes from numerous SEDoH data sources.
Social Inquisitiveness: A Normative Account of the Social Epistemic Virtue of Good Questioning
Authors: Cabral Marcelo
Published: May 2024

In this paper I offer a characterization of the intellectual virtue of social inquisitiveness, paying attention to its difference from the individual virtue of inquisitiveness. I defend that there is a significant distinction between individual and social epistemic virtues: individual epistemic virtues are attributed to individuals and assessed by the quality of their cognitive powers, while social epistemic virtues are attributed to epistemic communities and are assessed by the quality of the epistemic relations within the communities. I begin presenting Lani Watson's characterization of the (individual) practice of questioning and its related intellectual virtue, inquisitiveness. While she does not employ normative language, I show that her description can be constructed through four norms. Then, based on an account of epistemic communities, I defend that, while epistemic virtues attributable to individuals have norms regulating cognitive powers, epistemic virtues attributable to epistemic communities have norms regulating social epistemic interactions and shared epistemic responsibility. I then present a robust characterization of the epistemic virtue of social inquisitiveness through its social epistemic norms: DISTRIBUTION, ACCESSIBILITY, SOCIAL SINCERITY, SOCIAL CONTEXT, and FREQUENCY. I respond to two possible objections to my account and conclude by offering suggestions to broaden the scope of the epistemology of questioning.
Treating taboo thoughts on a psychiatric intensive care unit: a four-phase mixed methods single case experimental design
Authors: Kellett Stephen , Gaskell Chris , Keslake Andy , Seneviratne Mike , Simmonds-Buckley Melanie
Published: May 2024

Background:

Well-designed evaluations of psychological interventions on psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) are a rarity.

Aims:

To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for intrusive taboo thoughts with a patient diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder admitted to a PICU due to significant ongoing risk of harm to self.

Method:

This was a four-phase ABC plus community follow-up (D) mixed methods n=1 single case experimental design. Four idiographic measures were collected daily across four phases; the baseline (A) was during PICU admission, the first treatment phase (B) was behavioural on the PICU, the second treatment phase (C) was cognitive on an acute ward and the follow-up phase (D) was conducted in the community. Four nomothetic measures were taken on admission, on discharge from the PICU, discharge from the acute ward and then at 4-week follow-up. The participant was also interviewed at follow-up using the Change Interview.

Results:

Compared with baseline, the behavioural and the cognitive interventions appeared effective in terms of improving calmness, optimism and rumination, but the effects on sociability were poor. There was evidence across idiographic and nomothetic outcomes of a relapse during the follow-up phase in the community. Eleven idiographic changes were reported in the interview and these tended to be unexpected, related to the therapy and personally important.

Discussion:

Single case methods can be responsive to tracking the progress of patients moving through in-patient pathways and differing modules of evidence-based interventions. There is a real need to implement robust outcome methodologies on PICUs to better evaluate the psychological aspects of care in this context.
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and wound complication: literature review and review of single surgeon series of myxoid liposarcoma treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by surgery
Authors: Perkins Christian S , Chandrasekar C R
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NART) is often used in the treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STS) including myxoid liposarcoma (MLS). Postoperative major wound complications (WC) are a well-recognised problem following NART.

Aims:

A review of the literature regarding the definition and incidence of WC following NART and surgery for STS and a retrospective review of a single surgeon series of 25 MLS.

Methods:

A literature search for papers focusing on MLS, NART and WC was performed, with 12 papers being reviewed. Retrospective data from a single surgeon series of 25 patients with MLS, treated with NART and surgery, were reviewed, focussing on WC.

Results:

The average rate of WC from the 12 papers included was 29·4% (20–47%), and the average rate of reoperation was 15·6% (7·3–24%). There were a range of definitions used for WC, most commonly O’Sullivan’s definition. In the single surgeon series, two patients (8%) developed WC and were treated conservatively, and there were no reoperations within 120 days.

Conclusion:

This literature review identified that there was a lack of consistency between the definitions used for major WC. The single surgeon series of MLS showed WC that were lower when compared to the reviewed literature (8% versus 29·4%).
Magnetospheric Time‐History in Storm‐Time Magnetic Flux Dynamics: A Global Simulation Campaign
Authors: Atilaw T. Y. , Akhavan‐Tafti M. , Al Shidi Q. , Pulkkinen T. I. , Fontaine D. , Le Contel O. , Slavin J. A. , Le G. , Chen L.‐J. , Reiff P. H. , Alqeeq S. W.
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to quantify the magnetospheric magnetic flux contents under moderate to intense space weather conditions using global simulations. This study is a companion to Akhavan‐Tafti, Atilaw, et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031832) where magnetic flux evolution is presented for a catalog of storm events, using Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO) observations. For this study, we used the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) in Geospace configuration to study magnetic flux dynamics for a subset of their storm events (15 events). Simulations reliably resolve the storm‐time magnetic flux Bz and current density |J| asymmetries across the different storm phases. It is revealed that: relative to the quiet period, flux content is enhanced during the storm sudden commencement (SSC) phase in the dayside by ΔBz/Bz, quiet = +17%, and reduced in the nightside magnetosphere (r[RE] < −6 RE) by −15%. At the same time, the cross‐tail current is found to enhance (|J| = 2 nA/m2), which suggests the storm impact in the nightside magnetosphere is much earlier in the storm cycle than previously shown. Concurring with previous studies, a significant depletion of magnetic flux by up to −40%, with day‐night and dawn‐dusk asymmetries, can be seen during the main and recovery phases. This corresponds to the enhanced current density (|J| = 5–8 nA/m2) at ∼6 RE further confirming the role of ring current in driving magnetospheric dynamics during the main and recovery phases. This is in contrast with the SSC phase wherein the Chapman‐Ferraro and cross‐tail currents are the dominant current systems.
The Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland: Climatology, Atmospheric Forcing and Ocean Response
Authors: Bennett Miriam G. , Renfrew Ian A. , Stevens David P. , Moore G. W. K.
Published: May 2024

The Northeast Water Polynya is a significant annually recurring summertime Arctic polynya, located off the coast of Northeast Greenland. It is important for marine wildlife and affects local atmospheric and oceanic processes. In this study, over 40 years of observational and reanalysis products (ERA5 and ORAS5) are analyzed to characterize the polynya's climatology and ascertain forcing mechanisms. The Northeast Water Polynya has high spatiotemporal variability; its location, size and structure vary interannually, and the period for which it is open is changing. We show this variability is largely driven by atmospheric forcing. The polynya extent is determined by the direction of the near‐surface flow regime, and the relative locations of high and low sea‐level pressure centers over the region. The surface conditions also impact the oceanic water column, which has a strong seasonal cycle in potential temperature and salinity, the amplitude of which decreases with depth. The ocean reanalyses also show a significant warming trend at all depths and a freshening near the surface consistent with greater ice melt, but salinification at lower depths (∼200 m). As the Arctic region changes due to anthropogenic forcing, the sea‐ice edge is migrating northwards and the Northeast Water Polynya is generally opening earlier and closing later in the year. This could have significant implications for both the atmosphere and ocean in this complex and rapidly changing environment.
Influence of Aqueous‐Phase Chemistry on the Concentrations of PM2.5 and Hydrometers During the Development of Convective Clouds Over the Yellow Sea in July of 2017
Authors: Cho Jae‐Hee , Kim Hak‐Sung
Published: May 2024

Meteorological processes are investigated during the development of deep convective clouds over the Yellow Sea inside a quasi‐stationary rainy front in the East Asian region. WRF‐Chem simulations were conducted to assess the effects of aqueous‐phase chemistry on the concentrations of PM2.5 and hydrometers in deep convective clouds and the associated precipitation. A reduction in the south‐north air temperature gradient induced an inactive quasi‐stationary rainy front with nonlinear zonal clouds during the Changma period in the East Asian region in 2017, causing intensified surface heating due to solar radiation. A mesoscale cyclone was formed near the Shantung Peninsula inside the inactive quasi‐stationary rainy front, extending the eastward tongue of the troughs across the Yellow Sea. Deep convective clouds (CC16 on July 16, CC17 on July 17, and CC18 on July 18) formed in a severe mode on the east side of the mesoscale cyclone over the Yellow Sea at midnight as the warm type, as the warm and humid south‐southwesterly winds present at that time produced convection energy. PM2.5 from eastern China flowed into warm‐type CC16, CC17, and CC18 areas, producing more cloud droplets below 500 hPa via activation. In contrast, the release of additional condensation heat amplifies updrafts within convective clouds during efficient nighttime environmental cooling, thereby enhancing the production of cold‐type ice, reaching altitudes of up to 15 km. The WRF‐Chem PM2.5 outcomes indicate a significant increase in heavy rainfall, exceeding 10 mm hr−1, particularly in the context of the development of cold‐type convective clouds.
Constraining Trifluoromethane (HFC‐23) Emission in Eastern China Based on Two‐Year Online Measurements
Authors: Huang Xiaoqing , Zhang Yanli , Xiao Chunlin , Song Wei , Wang Yi , Wang Xinming
Published: May 2024

Trifluoromethane (CHF3, HFC‐23) is one of the most potent greenhouse gases (GHGs), and eastern China has been recognized as a major source region, yet highly inconsistent emission estimates warrant more extensive studies. In this study, we conducted 2‐year online measurements of halocarbons during 2021–2023 at an urban site in the Pearl River Delta region. The observed average HFC‐23 mixing ratios of 43.6 ± 7.8 ppt were ∼20% enhanced compared to observations at the Mace Head global baseline station. Unlike other halocarbons with significant local emissions, HFC‐23 mixing ratios showed distinct seasonal variations with peak values in winter and bottom values in summer. Similar seasonal patterns and highly significant correlation were observed between HFC‐23 and perfluorocyclobutane (c‐C4F8, PFC‐318), a co‐product from manufacturing PTFE using chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2, HCFC‐22) as feedstock. The weighted potential source contribution function analysis also demonstrated eastern China was the major source area for both HFC‐23 and PFC‐318. Tracer‐based estimation revealed HFC‐23 emissions of 6.7 ± 3.1 Gg yr−1 (equivalent to 98 Tg‐CO2 yr−1 or 0.7% China's annual GHG emissions in 2021) in eastern China. Our results highlight the importance of HFC‐23 emission control in eastern China for China's GHG and F‐gases emission reductions, and suggest that greater attention should be given to HFC‐23 emissions from PTFE production, which is emerging as a more substantial source than previously anticipated.
Precipitation 17O‐Excess Altered During Tropical Convection: Evidence From Monsoon Cold Surges in Singapore
Authors: Zhang Yilin , He Shaoneng , Wee Bernie , LeGrande Allegra N. , Wang Jingyu , Goodkin Nathalie , Wang Xianfeng
Published: May 2024

Despite the recent recognition of 17O‐excess as a promising new tracer for hydrological processes, our knowledge of the control mechanisms underlying 17O‐excess in tropical regions remains limited. To understand how microphysical processes during tropical convection affect precipitation isotope ratios, particularly 17O‐excess, in Singapore, we collected precipitation samples at minute intervals from six rain events associated with cold surges during the Northeast Monsoon seasons and analyzed their triple oxygen isotopes. Our results show that precipitation δ18O decreases in the convective zones and then gradually increases in the stratiform zones, while d‐excess exhibits an inverse trend. This correlation between δ18O and d‐excess indicates that rain evaporation plays a crucial role in regulating precipitation isotopes. Moreover, the rain events with a higher upstream rainout amount have lower δ18O and higher 17O‐excess values, suggesting that precipitation δ18O and 17O‐excess likely reflect the integrated upstream convective activity. Microphysical processes associated with upstream convection, such as rain evaporation and vapor recycling, are potential mechanisms that increase 17O‐excess values along moisture transport pathways for a rain event, and hence, undermine the effectiveness of 17O‐excess as a tracer of moisture source humidity. Contrary to the negative correlation observed in monthly precipitation, there is generally a positive correlation between d‐excess and 17O‐excess at the event scale. However, this correlation weakens as convective rain intensifies, suggesting that stronger convection can attenuate the positive correlation between d‐excess and 17O‐excess. Therefore, it is crucial to consider how tropical convection alters 17O‐excess when utilizing this tracer to interpret atmospheric dynamics and hydrological processes.
A Quantitative Provenance Analysis (QPA) Approach to Quantify Controls on Sediment Generation and Sediment Flux in the Upper Reaches of the Magdalena River (Colombia): 1. Natural and Anthropic Controls on the Sand Fraction
Authors: Liedel S. , Caracciolo L. , Restrepo J. C. , Weltje G. J. , Lucà F. , Beltrán‐Triviño A. , Restrepo Ángel J. D.
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the upper Magdalena river basin (Colombia), which is characterized by tectonic activity, tropical climate, heterogeneous lithological assemblages, and anthropic influence. It aims to comprehend factors controlling sediment generation, flux, and composition by incorporating petrographic data from 27 recent fluvial samples along with geochemistry, geomorphological parameters, historical precipitation, land cover, landsliding and suspended sediment load data. The analysis shows mismatches between sand composition and drainage lithology distribution. A new set of endmember mixing models is presented, quantifying the impacts of erodibility, sand generation potential (related to lithology), and sediment connectivity between hillslopes and river outlets (related to geomorphology). Results show enhanced sediment generation from sedimentary rocks (up to 40%) due to high erodibility, and decreased sediment flux from low‐ to medium‐grade metamorphic rocks (up to 60%) due to controlling morphometric parameters. Overrepresentation of plutonic and high‐grade metamorphic rocks and underrepresentation of volcanic rocks (up to 100%) are controlled by mineralogical and textural parameters. Enhanced landsliding activity in areas with volcanic activity occasionally overshadows basin‐wide compositional trends driven by morphological and lithological characteristics, as it controls rare overrepresentation of volcanic and low‐grade metamorphic detritus in the sand fraction. Sediment retention by hydroelectric dams significantly decreases suspended sediment flux by 30%, while deforestation plays a minor role in sediment flux. This study underscores the importance of coupling sediment generation, geomorphology and the distribution of stochastic events related to seismic activity in any sediment production‐focused study and for developing numerical models in Quantitative Provenance Analysis (QPA).
Vertical Localization for Strongly Coupled Data Assimilation: Experiments in a Global Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean Model
Authors: Stanley Zofia C. , Draper Clara , Frolov Sergey , Slivinski Laura C. , Huang Wei , Winterbottom Henry R.
Published: May 2024

Strongly coupled data assimilation allows observations of one Earth system component (e.g., the ocean) to directly update another component (e.g., the atmosphere). The majority of the information transfer in strongly coupled atmosphere‐ocean systems is passed through vertical correlations between atmospheric boundary layer and ocean mixed layer fields. In this work we use correlations from a global, coupled model to study vertical observation‐space localization techniques for strongly coupled data assimilation. We generate target correlations using a bootstrapping approach from a single 24 hr forecast from a realistic global, weakly coupled atmosphere‐ocean cycling system with an 80‐member ensemble, which is the ensemble size currently used by the NOAA operational global data assimilation system. We compare data assimilation methods with different localization schemes using single‐update, offline experiments. We develop a new strategy for optimal observation space localization, called Empirical Optimal R‐localization (EORL), to give an upper bound on the improvement we can expect with any localization scheme. We then evaluate Gaspari‐Cohn localization, which is a commonly used parametric localization function and review its performance with respect to the optimal localization scheme. We investigate how the performance of these localization strategies changes with increasing ensemble sizes. Our results show that strongly coupled data assimilation has the potential to be an improvement over weakly coupled data assimilation when large ensembles are used. We also show that the Gaspari‐Cohn localization function does not appear to be a particularly good choice for cross‐fluid vertical localization.
MALTA: A Zonally Averaged Global Atmospheric Transport Model for Long‐Lived Trace Gases
Authors: Western Luke M. , Bachman Scott D. , Montzka Stephen A. , Rigby Matt
Published: May 2024

We present a two‐dimensional, zonally averaged global model of atmospheric transport named MALTA: Model of Averaged in Longitude Transport in the Atmosphere. It aims to be accessible to a broad community of users, with the primary function of quantifying emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances. The model transport is derived from meteorological reanalysis data and flux‐gradient experiments using a three‐dimensional transport model. Atmospheric sinks are prescribed loss frequency fields. The zonally averaged model simulates important large‐scale transport features such as the influence on trace gas concentrations of the quasi‐biennial oscillation and variations in inter‐hemispheric transport rates. Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange is comparable to a three‐dimensional model and inter‐hemispheric transport is faster by up to 0.3 years than typical transport times of three‐dimensional models, depending on the metric used. Validation of the model shows that it can estimate emissions of CFC‐11 from an incorrect a priori emissions field well using three‐dimensional (3D) mole fraction fields generated using a different 3D model than which the flux gradient relationships were derived. The model is open source and is expected to be applicable to a wide range of studies requiring a fast, simple model of atmospheric transport and chemical processes for estimating associated emissions or mole fractions.
Reconstructing the Evolution of Foreland Fold‐And‐Thrust Belts Using U‐Pb Calcite Dating: An Integrated Case‐Study From the Easternmost Jura Mountains (Switzerland)
Authors: Madritsch Herfried , Looser Nathan , Schneeberger Raphael , Wohlwend Stephan , Guillong Marcel , Malz Alexander
Published: May 2024

This case‐study from the Jura Mountains in the foreland of the European Alps demonstrates how the coupling of subsurface analysis and U‐Pb carbonate dating can provide absolute timing constraints and shortening rate estimates of fold‐and‐thrust belts. It is confirmed that the initial Late Cenozoic foreland deformation driving the formation of the easternmost Jura Mountains in Switzerland was predominately thin‐skinned with contractional deformation largely restricted to the Mesozoic succession above a sub‐horizontal basal décollement. Thereby, the localization and structural style of related deformation structures was strongly guided by the characteristics of underlying Late Paleozoic half grabens. The main thin‐skinned thrust front formed at ∼12 Ma, followed by further deformation in the hinterland and locally continued foreland‐directed thrust propagation. The major deformation zones exposed at surface were established at ∼8 Ma but shortening continued until at least ∼4 Ma. Thick‐skinned contraction associated with the inversion of basement structures only played a subordinate role during the latest deformation phase after 8 Ma. Based on cumulative shortening values derived from balanced cross sections, our U‐Pb ages of syn‐tectonic calcite slickenfibres allow to estimate thin‐skinned deformation rates for the easternmost Jura Mountains between ∼0.9 and ∼0.1 mm/year, decreasing toward the eastern tip of the arcuate belt. Moreover, deformation rates seemingly decreased over time with rates of initial thin‐skinned thrusting being significantly higher than the later deformation north of the main thrust front. These new findings from a classical foreland setting highlight the potential of integrating U‐Pb dating in regional fold‐and‐thrust belt investigations elsewhere.
In Appreciation of Our 2023 Reviewers and Volunteers
Authors: Hendrix Amanda R. , Määttänen Anni , Montési Laurent G. J. , Rogers A. Deanne , Thomson Bradley J.
Published: May 2024

In JGR‐Planets, the peer review process is critical to ensuring that the published articles are based on sound scientific principles, follow state‐of‐the‐art techniques while acknowledging relevant prior results, and present exciting discoveries or novel understanding of the fundamental processes that affect solar system objects. JGR‐Planets covers a broad range of topics addressing every aspect of geoscience with the only requirement that the work addresses planetary processes. The wide breadth of topics published is reflected by our editorial team composed in 2023 of associate editors Adrian Brown, Jun Cui, Joel Davis, Leigh Fletcher, Matthias Grott, Ananya Mallik, Germán Martínez, Molly McCanta, Katarina Miljkovic, Naomi Murdoch, Ryan Park, Arianna Piccialli, Andrew Poppe, Beatrix Sánchez‐Cano, Laura Schaefer, Mariek Schmidt, Yasuhito Sekine, Kelsi Singer, Michael Sori, Norihiko Sugimoto, Sonia Tikoo, David Trang, and Zhiyong Xiao in addition to the editors who authored this note. We rely on the expertise of the community to vet the articles submitted to the journal. In 2023, JGR‐Planets benefited from 1,184 reviews provided by 731 unique volunteer referees. We also received help from 19 guest editors working on four active special collections. To these volunteers: We are truly grateful that you chose to dedicate your time and energy to evaluate manuscripts and to advise us on the suitability of each manuscript for JGR‐Planets, often suggesting ways to improve the papers. We know that all our volunteers juggle many duties, both professional and personal. On behalf of the entire editorial board of JGR‐Planets, we express our heartfelt gratitude to the many scientists who support this journal. Thank you! You are performing a valued service to this journal and to the community.
NREP, transcriptionally upregulated by HIF-1α, aggravates breast cancer cell growth and metastasis by promoting glycolysis
Authors: Ruan Yuxia , Qiao Jianghua , Wang Jiabin , Liu Zhenzhen
Published: May 2024

Breast cancer (BC) poses a great threat to women’s health. Neuronal regeneration related protein (NREP) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in embryonic development, regeneration, and human disease. However, the biological function of NREP in tumors is rarely reported and its role in BC remains unknown. Bioinformatics analysis showed that NREP is highly expressed and closely correlated with poor survival in BC patients. Under hypoxic conditions, NREP was upregulated in BC cells, and this promotion was reversed by hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α suppression. Luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that HIF-1α directly binds to the promoter of NREP to increase the transcriptional activity of NREP. NREP suppression inhibited cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at the G1/S phase, and promoted apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in BC cells. Suppression of NREP decreased the tube formation ability of HUVECs. In addition, NREP downregulation showed an inhibition effect on cell migration, invasion, and EMT of BC cells. In NREP overexpressed cells, all these changes were reversed. In vivo, animal experiments also confirmed that NREP promotes BC tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, NREP promoted cellular glycolysis and enhanced the levels of glucose consumption, ATP, lactate production, and glucose transporters expression in NREP-overexpressed BC cells. In summary, our results demonstrated that NREP could be transcriptional activated by HIF-1α, which may aggravate BC tumor growth and metastasis by promoting cellular glycolysis. This result suggested that NREP may play an essential part in BC progression.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a regulator and carrier for targeting bone-related diseases
Authors: Tang Jiandong , Wang Xiangyu , Lin Xu , Wu Chao
Published: May 2024

The escalating threat of bone-related diseases poses a significant challenge to human health. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs), as inherent cell-secreted natural products, have emerged as promising treatments for bone-related diseases. Leveraging outstanding features such as high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, superior biological barrier penetration, and extended circulating half-life, MSC-EVs serve as potent carriers for microRNAs (miRNAs), long no-code RNAs (lncRNAs), and other biomolecules. These cargo molecules play pivotal roles in orchestrating bone metabolism and vascularity through diverse mechanisms, thereby contributing to the amelioration of bone diseases. Additionally, engineering modifications enhance the bone-targeting ability of MSC-EVs, mitigating systemic side effects and bolstering their clinical translational potential. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms through which MSC-EVs regulate bone-related disease progression. It delves into the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs as adept drug carriers, augmented by engineered modification strategies tailored for osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, and osteosarcoma. In conclusion, the exceptional promise exhibited by MSC-EVs positions them as an excellent solution with considerable translational applications in clinical orthopedics.
Multiplexed representation of others in the hippocampal CA1 subfield of female mice
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Cao Qichen , Gao Kai , Chen Cong , Cheng Sihui , Li Ang , Zhou Yuqian , Liu Ruojin , Hao Jun , Kropff Emilio , Miao Chenglin
Published: May 2024

Hippocampal place cells represent the position of a rodent within an environment. In addition, recent experiments show that the CA1 subfield of a passive observer also represents the position of a conspecific performing a spatial task. However, whether this representation is allocentric, egocentric or mixed is less clear. In this study we investigated the representation of others during free behavior and in a task where female mice learned to follow a conspecific for a reward. We found that most cells represent the position of others relative to self-position (social-vector cells) rather than to the environment, with a prevalence of purely egocentric coding modulated by context and mouse identity. Learning of a pursuit task improved the tuning of social-vector cells, but their number remained invariant. Collectively, our results suggest that the hippocampus flexibly codes the position of others in multiple coordinate systems, albeit favoring the self as a reference point.
Multimodal analysis of cfDNA methylomes for early detecting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Dai Lijun , Wang Qiang , Li Chenghao , Liu Zhichao , Gong Tongyang , Xu Hengyi , Jia Ziqi , Sun Wanyuan , Wang Xinyu , Lu Minyi , Shang Tongxuan , Zhao Ning , Cai Jiahui , Li Zhigang , Chen Hongyan , Su Jianzhong , Liu Zhihua
Published: May 2024

Detecting early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and precancerous lesions is critical for improving survival. Here, we conduct whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) on 460 cfDNA samples from patients with non-metastatic ESCC or precancerous lesions and matched healthy controls. We develop an expanded multimodal analysis (EMMA) framework to simultaneously identify cfDNA methylation, copy number variants (CNVs), and fragmentation markers in cfDNA WGBS data. cfDNA methylation markers are the earliest and most sensitive, detectable in 70% of ESCCs and 50% of precancerous lesions, and associated with molecular subtypes and tumor microenvironments. CNVs and fragmentation features show high specificity but are linked to late-stage disease. EMMA significantly improves detection rates, increasing AUCs from 0.90 to 0.99, and detects 87% of ESCCs and 62% of precancerous lesions with >95% specificity in validation cohorts. Our findings demonstrate the potential of multimodal analysis of cfDNA methylome for early detection and monitoring of molecular characteristics in ESCC.
Creep-type all-solid-state cathode achieving long life
Authors: Xiong Xiaolin , Lin Ting , Tian Chunxi , Jiang Guoliang , Xu Rong , Li Hong , Chen Liquan , Suo Liumin
Published: May 2024

Electrochemical-mechanical coupling poses enormous challenges to the interfacial and structural stability but create new opportunities to design innovative all-solid-state batteries from scratch. Relying on the solid-solid constraint in the space-limited domain structure, we propose to exploit the lithiation-induced stress to drive the active materials creep, thereby improving the structural integrity. For demonstration, we fabricate the creep-type all-solid-state cathode using creepable Se material and an all-in-one rigid ionic/electronic conducting Mo6Se8 framework. As indicated by the in-situ experiment and numerical simulation, this cathode presents unique capabilities in improving interparticle contact and avoiding particle fracture, leading to its superior electrochemical performance, including a superior long-cycle life of more than 3000 cycles at 0.5 C and a high volumetric energy density of 2460 Wh/L at the cathode level. We believe this innovative strategy to utilize mechanics to boost the electrochemical performance could shed light on the future design of all-solid-state batteries for practical applications.
Structural underpinnings and long-term effects of resilience in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Dzialas Verena , Hoenig Merle C. , Prange Stéphane , Bischof Gérard N. ,   the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative, Drzezga Alexander , van Eimeren Thilo
Published: May 2024

Resilience in neuroscience generally refers to an individual’s capacity to counteract the adverse effects of a neuropathological condition. While resilience mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease are well-investigated, knowledge regarding its quantification, neurobiological underpinnings, network adaptations, and long-term effects in Parkinson’s disease is limited. Our study involved 151 Parkinson’s patients from the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative Database with available Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dopamine Transporter Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography scans, and clinical information. We used an improved prediction model linking neuropathology to symptom severity to estimate individual resilience levels. Higher resilience levels were associated with a more active lifestyle, increased grey matter volume in motor-associated regions, a distinct structural connectivity network and maintenance of relative motor functioning for up to a decade. Overall, the results indicate that relative maintenance of motor function in Parkinson’s patients may be associated with greater neuronal substrate, allowing higher tolerance against neurodegenerative processes through dynamic network restructuring.
Speech connectedness predicts reading performance three months in advance: a longitudinal experiment
Authors: Malcorra Bárbara , Ribeiro Marina , Jensen Luísa , Gomes Giovana , Meletti Tamara , Mota Natália Bezerra
Published: May 2024

Aiming to verify the predictive value of oral narrative structure on reading acquisition, we followed 253 children (first and second graders) during an entire school year, assessing oral narratives and reading performances in five sessions. Transcriptions of oral narratives were represented as word-recurrence graphs to measure connectedness attributes. Connectedness predicted performance in phonological awareness, reading comprehension, and word reading accuracy 3–4 months in advance.
Genome plasticity shapes the ecology and evolution of Phocaeicola dorei and Phocaeicola vulgatus
Authors: Da Silva Morais Emilene , Grimaud Ghjuvan Micaelu , Warda Alicja , Stanton Catherine , Ross Paul
Published: May 2024

Phocaeicola dorei and Phocaeicola vulgatus are very common and abundant members of the human gut microbiome and play an important role in the infant gut microbiome. These species are closely related and often confused for one another; yet, their genome comparison, interspecific diversity, and evolutionary relationships have not been studied in detail so far. Here, we perform phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomic analyses of these two Phocaeicola species. We report that P. dorei has a larger genome yet a smaller pan-genome than P. vulgatus. We found that this is likely because P. vulgatus is more plastic than P. dorei, with a larger repertoire of genetic mobile elements and fewer anti-phage defense systems. We also found that P. dorei directly descends from a clade of P. vulgatus¸ and experienced genome expansion through genetic drift and horizontal gene transfer. Overall, P. dorei and P. vulgatus have very different functional and carbohydrate utilisation profiles, hinting at different ecological strategies, yet they present similar antimicrobial resistance profiles.
First large-scale study reveals important losses of managed honey bee and stingless bee colonies in Latin America
Authors: Requier Fabrice , Leyton Malena Sibaja , Morales Carolina L. , Garibaldi Lucas A. , Giacobino Agostina , Porrini Martin Pablo , Rosso-Londoño Juan Manuel , Velarde Rodrigo A. , Aignasse Andrea , Aldea-Sánchez Patricia , Allasino Mariana Laura , Arredondo Daniela , Audisio Carina , Cagnolo Natalia Bulacio , Basualdo Marina , Branchiccela Belén , Calderón Rafael A. , Castelli Loreley , Castilhos Dayson , Escareño Francisca Contreras , Correa-Benítez Adriana , da Silva Fabiana Oliveira , Garnica Diego Silva , de Groot Grecia , Delgado-Cañedo Andres , Fernández-Marín Hermógenes , Freitas Breno M. , Galindo-Cardona Alberto , Garcia Nancy , Garrido Paula M. , Giray Tugrul , Gonçalves Lionel Segui , Landi Lucas , Malusá Gonçalves Daniel , Martinez Silvia Inés , Moja Pablo Joaquín , Molineri Ana , Müller Pablo Fernando , Nogueira Enrique , Pacini Adriana , Palacio María Alejandra , Parra Guiomar Nates , Parra-H Alejandro , Peres Gramacho Kátia , Castro Eleazar Pérez , Pires Carmen Sílvia Soares , Reynaldi Francisco J. , Luis Anais Rodríguez , Rossini Carmen , Sánchez Armijos Milton , Santos Estela , Scannapieco Alejandra , Spina Yamandú Mendoza , Tapia González José María , Vargas Fernández Andrés Marcelo , Viana Blandina Felipe , Vieli Lorena , Yadró García Carlos Ariel , Antúnez Karina
Published: May 2024

Over the last quarter century, increasing honey bee colony losses motivated standardized large-scale surveys of managed honey bees (Apis mellifera), particularly in Europe and the United States. Here we present the first large-scale standardized survey of colony losses of managed honey bees and stingless bees across Latin America. Overall, 1736 beekeepers and 165 meliponiculturists participated in the 2-year survey (2016–2017 and 2017–2018). On average, 30.4% of honey bee colonies and 39.6% of stingless bee colonies were lost per year across the region. Summer losses were higher than winter losses in stingless bees (30.9% and 22.2%, respectively) but not in honey bees (18.8% and 20.6%, respectively). Colony loss increased with operation size during the summer in both honey bees and stingless bees and decreased with operation size during the winter in stingless bees. Furthermore, losses differed significantly between countries and across years for both beekeepers and meliponiculturists. Overall, winter losses of honey bee colonies in Latin America (20.6%) position this region between Europe (12.5%) and the United States (40.4%). These results highlight the magnitude of bee colony losses occurring in the region and suggest difficulties in maintaining overall colony health and economic survival for beekeepers and meliponiculturists.
CORVET-specific subunit levels determine the balance between HOPS/CORVET endosomal tethering complexes
Authors: Sőth Ármin , Molnár Márton , Lőrincz Péter , Simon-Vecsei Zsófia , Juhász Gábor
Published: May 2024

The closely related endolysosomal tethering complexes HOPS and CORVET play pivotal roles in the homo- and heterotypic fusion of early and late endosomes, respectively, and HOPS also mediates the fusion of lysosomes with incoming vesicles including late endosomes and autophagosomes. These heterohexameric complexes share their four core subunits that assemble with additional two, complex-specific subunits. These features and the similar structure of the complexes could allow the formation of hybrid complexes, and the complex specific subunits may compete for binding to the core. Indeed, our biochemical analyses revealed the overlap of binding sites for HOPS-specific VPS41 and CORVET-specific VPS8 on the shared core subunit VPS18. We found that the overexpression of CORVET-specific VPS8 or Tgfbrap1 decreased the amount of core proteins VPS11 and VPS18 that are assembled with HOPS-specific subunits VPS41 or VPS39, indicating reduced amount of assembled HOPS. In line with this, we observed the elevation of both lipidated, autophagosome-associated LC3 protein and the autophagic cargo p62 in these cells, suggesting impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In contrast, overexpression of HOPS-specific VPS39 or VPS41 did not affect the level of assembled CORVET or autophagy. VPS8 or Tgfbrap1 overexpression also induced Cathepsin D accumulation, suggesting that HOPS-dependent biosynthetic delivery of lysosomal hydrolases is perturbed, too. These indicate that CORVET-specific subunit levels fine-tune HOPS assembly and activity in vivo.