bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miR-205 Regulates Tamoxifen Resistance by Targeting Estrogen Receptor Coactivator MED1 in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Ouyang Bin , Bi Mingjun , Jadhao Mahendra , Bick Gregory , Zhang Xiaoting
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Estrogen receptor-α coactivator MED1 is overexpressed in 40–60% of human breast cancers, and its high expression correlates with poor disease-free survival of patients undergoing anti-estrogen therapy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MED1 upregulation and activation in breast cancer treatment resistance remains elusive. Methods: miRNA and mRNA expression analysis was performed using the NCBI GEO database. MED1 targeting and its impact on therapy resistance was evaluated in control and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines by miR-205 overexpression and inhibition. Immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays were used to understand the molecular mechanism of MED1-mediated tamoxifen resistance. Mice xenograft models were used to validate treatment efficacy and molecular mechanisms in vivo. Results: miR-205 was found to directly target and suppress the expression of MED1 through bioinformatic analyses and experimental validations. An inverse correlation of miR-205 and MED1 was observed in breast cancer patients with high MED1/low miR-205, indicative of poor prognosis in long-term anti-estrogen treatment. Furthermore, the depletion of miR-205 was observed in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells overexpressing MED1. The restoration of miR-205 expression attenuated MED1 expression and re-sensitized cells to tamoxifen both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, miR205 was also found to target another key regulatory gene, HER3, which drives PI3K/Akt signaling and MED1 activation by phosphorylation. Importantly, we found ER target gene transcription and promoter cofactor recruitment by tamoxifen can be reversed by induced miR205 expression. Conclusions: Altogether, miR-205 functions as a negative regulator of MED1 and HER3, affecting the regulation of the HER3-PI3K/Akt-MED1 axis in anti-estrogen resistance, and could serve as a potential therapeutic regime to overcome treatment resistance.
Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of PEO-Coated AA7075 Under Pulsed Unipolar Potential Control Mode
Authors: Orgen Salvacion B. , Dela Pena Eden May B.
Published: November 2024

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has emerged as a promising surface coating technique producing high-quality ceramic coating for light metals like Al, Mg, Ti, and their alloys. AA7075 is one of the commonly used Al alloys for aircraft structures, gears and shafts, and automotives as it provides high yield and tensile strength. However, Al and its alloys have drawbacks that limit their further application. Thus, surface treatments are proposed to improve the metal and its alloy’s properties. In this study, the PEO of AA7075 was carried out with an AC power source under a pulsed unipolar potentiostatic mode at varying voltages of 425 and 450 V in 1000 Hz and at 80% duty cycles of 30 m. The effect of varying voltages on the morphology, coating thickness, and corrosion resistance of the PEO-coated samples was investigated. Surface morphology, elemental distribution, and phase composition were characterized using SEM, EDX, and XRD. A porous structure with a pancake-like shape, a crater, and nodular structures were observed with coating thickness ranges from 12.1 to 55.3 ± 4.67 µm. Al, α-alumina, and γ-alumina were detected in all surface coatings. The PEO-coated sample at 450 V exhibited higher corrosion resistance evaluated via potentiodynamic polarization and EIS.
Development of Innovative Environmental Safety: Bioactives Against Pathogenic Bacteria Red Pectin Films from Hibiscus sabdariffa Flos Extract for Circular Economy
Authors: Szymański Marcin , Długaszewska Jolanta , Pawlik Mikołaj , Dobrucka Renata
Published: November 2024

In this work, we developed an antioxidant and antibacterial red pectin food packaging material with natural Hibiscus sabdariffa flos. This study showed that this red pectin film (PJH, PCH, PCJH) containing Hibiscus extract exhibited antioxidant activity. The addition of hibiscus improved the barrier properties. The WVTR parameter values for the PJH, PCH and PJCH samples were as follows: 4.87 [g/m2d], 4.45 [g/m2d], and 4.48 [g/m2d]. The addition had a significant effect on the L* of the samples, i.e., PJH, PCH and PJCH films. This is a useful effect for films of selected products or product groups. Microbiological analyses of our red pectin films showed that they had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. In the case of the Staphylococcus aureus strain, the inhibitory effect was shown by films that contained hibiscus extract: PJH, PCH and PJCH. This means that the added hibiscus increased the antimicrobial activity of our red films. An additional advantage of our pectin films is their red colour, which, in addition to its protective and ecological function, also plays a marketing role.
Intelligent Path Planning for UAV Patrolling in Dynamic Environments Based on the Transformer Architecture
Authors: Yu Ching-Hao , Tsai Jichiang , Chang Yuan-Tsun
Published: November 2024

Due to its NP-Hard property, the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) has long been a prominent research topic in path planning. The goal is to design the algorithm with the fastest execution speed in order to find the path with the lowest travelling cost. In particular, new generative AI technology is continually emerging. The question of how to exploit algorithms from this realm to perform TSP path planning, especially in dynamic environments, is an important and interesting problem. The TSP application scenario investigated by this paper is that of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that needs to patrol all specific ship-targets on the sea surface before returning to its origin. Hence, during the flight, we must consider real-time changes in wind velocity and direction, as well as the dynamic addition or removal of ship targets due to mission requirements. Specifically, we implement a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) model based on the Transformer architecture, which is widely used in Generative AI, to solve the TSP path-planning problem in dynamic environments. Finally, we conduct numerous simulation experiments to compare the performance of our DRL model and the traditional heuristic algorithm, the Simulated Annealing (SA) method, in terms of operation time and path distance in solving the ordinary TSP, to verify the advantages of our model. Notably, traditional heuristic algorithms cannot be applied to dynamic environments, in which wind velocity and direction can change at any time.
Classification of Tree Species Using Point Cloud Features from Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Authors: Meng Yuan , Dong Xibin , Han Kaili , Liu Hui , Qu Hangfeng , Gao Tong
Published: November 2024

The automatic classification of tree species using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds is key in forestry research. This study aims to develop a robust framework for tree species classification by integrating advanced feature extraction and machine learning techniques. Such a framework is of great significance for investigating and monitoring forest resources, sustainable forest management, and biodiversity research. To achieve this, point cloud data from 360 trees of four species were collected at the Northeastern Forestry University in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province. Three types of tree point cloud features were extracted: tree structure, bark texture, and bark color. In addition, to repair and optimize the bark point cloud data, improved bark texture features were generated using the kriging interpolation method. These four features were combined into seven classification schemes and input into a random forest classifier, which was used to accurately classify the tree species. The results showed that the classification scheme combining tree structure features, improved bark texture features, and bark color features performed the best, with an overall classification accuracy of 94.17% and a kappa coefficient of 0.92. This study highlights the effectiveness of integrating point cloud data with machine learning algorithms for tree species classification and proposes a feature extraction and classification framework that significantly enhances classification accuracy.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Measurement Platform over LoRa and Applicability for Soil Monitoring
Authors: Loukatos Dimitrios , Fragkos Athanasios , Kargas George , Arvanitis Konstantinos G.
Published: November 2024

Efficiently reporting soil-specific information is of key importance for plant growth but can be quite demanding as well. Indeed, it may require expensive digitizers, subscriptions to services for communication links between each sensor and the cloud, and the incorporation of power-hungry elements. Added to this, soil sensors may vary drastically, e.g., in terms of power characteristics, response times, or interfacing options. The need for improved energy autonomy increases reporting complexity, as it presupposes that the participating components will enter a low-power (sleep) state when not in action. Furthermore, the IoT nodes hosting the sensing instruments should be able to work unattended for long periods under varying environmental conditions. In response to the aforementioned physical and technical challenges, this work highlights the details behind the cooperation of a cost-effective microprocessor equipped with a radio transceiver and some simple and widely available electronic components to form nodes that can host a diverse set of soil sensors and deliver reliable data in satisfactory ranges. The sensitivity and power efficiency of the LoRa protocol make it ideal for rural agri-field use; in the meantime, optimized action/sleep management, along with tiny solar panels, guarantee sustainable operation. The proposed system was tested utilizing various typical soil instruments, and its range coverage, consumption, and measurement quality were thoroughly evaluated under different installation settings, thus providing guidance for similar implementations and indicating its suitability for a wide set of monitoring applications.
Deeply Saddening Life Events Play a Carcinogenic Role by Inducing Mutations in ALOX12 and FKBP5 Genes
Authors: Kutluhan Ahmet , Topak Osman Z. , Akca Hakan , Tokgun Elvan , Ozdel Osman I. , Yilmaz Sevda , Sungurtekin Ugur , Erdem Ergun , Yaren Arzu
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: In the past few decades, many studies have been conducted to find out that psychological stress and cancer are closely linked. Moreover, it was reported that stress can induce mutations in gene level. Therefore, in this study we want to examine a relationship between stressful life events, gene mutation and cancer. Methods: Stressful Life Experiences Screening (SLES), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Coping with Stress Style Scale (CSS) were applied to the participants to examine relationship between stress and cancer. Results: NGS results showed higher level of mutations accumulated on FKBP5 and ALOX12 genes in cancer patients who were exposed to stressful life events. The expression status of ALOX12 and FKBP5 genes on patients with or without cancer and several cancer cell lines demonstrated that both ALOX12 and FKBP5 mRNA levels were downregulated only in cancer patients and cancer cell lines but not in cancer free control groups. Re-created overexpression of the WT-ALOX12 and WT-FKBP5 extremely inhibited cellular growth, cellular invasion in cancer cell lines, tumor growth in xenograft model too. Conclusions: Our results indicate that Stressful Life Experiences may induce cancer development by increased somatic mutations in ALOX12 and FKBP5 genes.
Genetic Diversity and Subspecific Races of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Safiullina Asiya , Ernazarova Dilrabo , Turaev Ozod , Rafieva Feruza , Ernazarova Ziraatkhan , Arslanova Sevara , Toshpulatov Abdulqahhor , Oripova Barno , Kudratova Mukhlisa , Khalikov Kuvandik , Iskandarov Abdulloh , Khidirov Mukhammad , Yu John , Kushanov Fakhriddin
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The classification and phylogenetic relationships of Gossypium hirsutum L. landraces, despite their proximity to southern Mexico, remain unresolved. This study aimed to clarify these relationships using SSR markers and hybridization methods, focusing on subspecies and race differentiation within G. hirsutum L. Methods: Seventy polymorphic SSR markers (out of 177 tested) were used to analyze 141 alleles and calculate genetic distances among accessions. Phylogenetic relationships were determined using MEGA software (version 11.0.13) and visualized in a phylogenetic tree. ANOVA in NCSS 12 was used for statistical analysis. Over 1000 inter-race crosses were conducted to assess boll-setting rates. Results: Distinct phylogenetic patterns were identified between G. hirsutum subspecies and races, correlating with boll-setting rates. Latifolium, richmondii, and morilli showed no significant increase in boll-setting rates in reciprocal crosses. Cultivars Omad and Bakht, as paternal parents, yielded higher boll-setting rates. Religiosum and yucatanense displayed high boll- and seed-setting rates as maternal parents but low rates as paternal parents. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between cultivars ‘Omad’ and ‘Bakht’ with G. hirsutum race richmondii, indicating their close evolutionary relationship. Conclusions: Reciprocal differentiation characteristics of G. hirsutum subspecies and races, particularly religiosum and yucatanense, should be considered during hybridization for genetic and breeding studies. Understanding the phylogenetic relationships among G. hirsutum taxa is crucial for exploring the genetic diversity of this economically important species.
Genotypic Influences on Actuators of Aerobic Performance in Tactical Athletes
Authors: Flück Martin , Protte Christian , Giraud Marie-Noëlle , Gsponer Thomas , Dössegger Alain
Published: November 2024

Background: This study examines genetic variations in the systemic oxygen transport cascade during exhaustive exercise in physically trained tactical athletes. Research goal: To update the information on the distribution of influence of eleven polymorphisms in ten genes, namely ACE (rs1799752), AGT (rs699), MCT1 (rs1049434), HIF1A (rs11549465), COMT (rs4680), CKM (rs8111989), TNC (rs2104772), PTK2 (rs7460 and rs7843014), ACTN3 (rs1815739), and MSTN (rs1805086)—on the connected steps of oxygen transport during aerobic muscle work. Methods: 251 young, healthy tactical athletes (including 12 females) with a systematic physical training history underwent exercise tests, including standardized endurance running with a 12.6 kg vest. Key endurance performance metrics were assessed using ergospirometry, blood sampling, and near-infrared spectroscopy of knee and ankle extensor muscles. The influence of gene polymorphisms on the above performance metrics was analyzed using Bayesian analysis of variance. Results: Subjects exhibited good aerobic fitness (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max): 4.3 ± 0.6 L min−1, peak aerobic power: 3.6 W ± 0.7 W kg−1). Energy supply-related gene polymorphisms rs1799752, rs4680, rs1049434, rs7843014, rs11549465, and rs8111989 did not follow the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Polymorphisms in genes that regulate metabolic and contractile features were strongly associated with variability in oxygen transport and metabolism, such as body mass-related VO2 (rs7843014, rs2104772), cardiac output (rs7460), total muscle hemoglobin content (rs7460, rs4680), oxygen saturation in exercised muscle (rs1049434), and respiration exchange ratio (rs7843014, rs11549465) at first or secondary ventilatory thresholds or VO2max. Moderate influences were found for mass-related power output. Conclusions: The posterior distribution of effects from genetic modulators of aerobic metabolism and muscle contractility mostly confirmed prior opinions in the direction of association. The observed genetic effects of rs4680 and rs1049434 indicate a crucial role of dopamine- and lactate-modulated muscle perfusion and oxygen metabolism during running, suggesting self-selection in Swiss tactical athletes.
New Insights into the Molecular Evolution of Tapirus pinchaque (Tapiridae, Perissodactyla) and the Rise and Fall of Tapirus kabomani as a Full Species
Authors: Ruiz-García Manuel , Castellanos Armando , Kaston Franz , Pinedo-Castro Myreya , Shostell Joseph Mark
Published: November 2024

Large wild mammals are extremely important in their respective ecological communities and are frequently considered to be emblematic. This is the case of the different tapir species, the largest terrestrial mammals from the Neotropics. Despite their large size and being objects of interest for many naturalists, the field still lacks critical genetics and systematics information about tapir species. In the current work, we analyzed four molecular datasets (mitogenomes, and three nuclear genes, RAG 1-2, IRBP, and BRCA1) of two South American tapirs: the Andean tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) and the alleged new species of tapir, Tapirus kabomani. We derived four main findings. (1) Our molecular phylogenetic analyses showed T. pinchaque as the youngest tapir branch in Neotropics and a sister species of Tapirus terrestris. This contradicts the traditional morphological observations of renowned zoologists and paleontologists, who considered T. pinchaque as the oldest Neotropical tapir. (2) Our data does not support that the alleged T. kabomani is a full species. Rather, it is a specific group within T. terrestris. (3) T. pinchaque is the Neotropical tapir species which yielded the lowest levels of genetic diversity (both for mitochondrial and nuclear data). (4) The spatial genetic structure for T. pinchaque shows differences depending on the type of molecular marker used. With mitogenomes, the spatial structure is relatively weak, whereas with two nuclear genes (RAG 1-2 and IRBP), the spatial structure is highly significant. Curiously, for the other nuclear gene (BRCA1), the spatial structure is practically nonexistent. In any case, the northernmost population of T. pinchaque we studied (Los Nevados National Park in Colombia) was in a peripatric situation and was the most genetically differentiated. This is important for the adequate conservation of this population. (5) T. pinchaque showed clear evidence of population expansion during the last part of the Pleistocene, a period during which the dryness and glacial cold extinguished many large mammals in the Americas. However, T. pinchaque survived and spread throughout the Northern Andes.
Comprehensive Analysis Reveals That ISCA1 Is Correlated with Ferroptosis-Related Genes Across Cancers and Is a Biomarker in Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Xiong Dejun , Li Zhao , Zuo Ling , Ge Juan , Gu Yuhan , Zhang Erhao , Zhou Xiaorong , Yu Guiping , Sang Mengmeng
Published: November 2024

Background: ISCA1 (Iron–Sulfur Cluster Assembly 1) is involved in the assembly of iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters, which are vital for electron transport and enzyme activity. Some studies suggest the potential involvement of ISCA1 in tumor progression through interactions with ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). However, there has been no systematic analysis of its role in FRGs and the TME or its predictive value for prognosis and immunotherapy response across different cancer types. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the expression and prognosis of ISCA1 RNA, CNV, methylation, and protein in multiple tumor tissues via data from the TCGA and CPTAC databases and clinical information. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the correlations between ISCA1 and FRGs, immune-related genes (including immune regulatory genes and immune checkpoint genes), immune cell infiltration, immune infiltration scores, tumor stemness, and genomic heterogeneity. Results: We performed drug prediction and validation through molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis to identify candidate drugs that could promote or inhibit ISCA1 RNA expression. Our findings revealed that ISCA1 could serve as a biomarker in thyroid carcinoma, play a role with different FRGs in various cell types, and mediate different ligand–receptor pathways for cell–cell communication. Conclusions: Overall, our study highlights the potential of ISCA1 as a novel biomarker for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic efficacy in thyroid carcinoma and suggests its potential for developing novel antitumor drugs or improving immunotherapy.
Potential Utility of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SFB-1 as a Biocontrol Agent for Sweetpotato Black Rot Caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata
Authors: Gao Fangyuan , Zhou Xiaosi , Yang Dongjing , Chen Jingwei , Kgosi Veronica Tshegofatso , Zhang Chengling , Ma Jukui , Tang Wei , Liang Zhao , Sun Houjun
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Sweetpotato black rot, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, is a severe fungal disease in sweetpotato production. Biological control strategies represent a promising, environmentally sustainable approach to managing this disease. This study investigates the biocontrol potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SFB-1 against C. fimbriata. Methods: The antagonistic activities of strain SFB-1 on C. fimbriata were assessed through in vitro assays, including evaluations of mycelial inhibition, spore germination, and mycelial morphology. Pathogenicity assays on harvested sweetpotato roots assessed lesion diameter and depth. A transcriptomic analysis of C. fimbriata exposed to strain SFB-1 was performed to explore the underlying antifungal mechanism of SFB-1 on C. fimbriata. The qRT-PCR was employed to validate the RNA-seq results. Results: In vitro assays demonstrated that strain SFB-1 inhibited C. fimbriata mycelial growth by up to 81.01%, caused mycelial swelling, and completely suppressed spore germination at 108 CFU/mL. The cell-free supernatant of strain SFB-1 also suppressed C. fimbriata growth. Pathogenicity assays revealed that strain SFB-1 treatments reduced lesion diameter and depth on harvested sweetpotato roots by over 50% compared to untreated controls. Transcriptomic analysis of C. fimbriata treated with strain SFB-1 identified 1164 differentially expressed genes, with significant alterations in genes associated with cell wall integrity, cell membrane stability, spore germination, detoxification, and antioxidant responses. The qRT-PCR validation of 16 genes confirmed the consistency with the RNA-seq results. Conclusions: B. amyloliquefaciens SFB-1 demonstrates significant biocontrol efficacy against C. fimbriata through multiple mechanisms, positioning it as a promising solution for the sustainable management of sweetpotato black rot.
Correction: Yang et al. Acute Effects of Percussive Massage Therapy on Thoracolumbar Fascia Thickness and Ultrasound Echo Intensity in Healthy Male Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1073
Authors: Yang Chao , Huang Xingyu , Li Ying , Sucharit Wiraphong , Sirasaporn Patpiya , Eungpinichpong Wichai
Published: November 2024

There was an error in the original publication [...]
The Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis of the Predatory Natural Enemy Orius nagaii (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)
Authors: Wang Chengxing , Yin Zhenjuan , Wang Yu , Liu Yan , Zhao Shan , Dai Xiaoyan , Wang Ruijuan , Su Long , Chen Hao , Zheng Li , Zhai Yifan
Published: November 2024

Orius nagaii is a highly effective natural enemy for controlling thrips, tetranychids, aphids, and various Lepidoptera pests. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its interactions with host pests remain unclear. Screening for optimal reference genes is a prerequisite for using reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to investigate the interrelationship. Here, ten commonly used reference genes (Act, GAPDH, β-Tub, EF1-α, RPS10, RPS15, RPL6, RPL13, RPL32, and HSP90) were selected, and their expression stability across developmental stages, tissues, temperatures, and host conditions were evaluated using RefFinder, which uses multiple analytical approaches (NormFinder, geNorm, the ΔCt method, and BestKeeper). The findings suggested that the most reliable normalization can be achieved by selecting the two reference genes for all conditions, with the optimal pairs being RPS10 and RPL32 for the developmental stage, RPS10 and RPS15 for tissue, RPS10 and RPS15 for the host, and EF1-α and RPL13 for temperature. Also, the best and least stable reference genes were chosen to compare the relative transcript levels of the TBX1 in various tissues, which exhibited considerable variation. Our findings will significantly enhance the reliability of RT-qPCR and provide a foundation for further research on the expression patterns of crucial genes that are implicated in the interaction between O. nagaii and its host pests.
3-Methyl-2-(5-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)pyridin-2-yl)butan-2-ol
Authors: Mikhailov Oleg A. , Kurbangalieva Almira R. , Gridnev Ilya D.
Published: November 2024

The reactions of dialkylzinc reagents with ketones are scarcely studied. In this paper, we describe a previously unknown direct alkylation of substituted 2-acetylpyridine with diisopropyl zinc, which gave a corresponding novel alcohol with 82% yield.
2-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-[(E)-2-(3-methoxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethenyl]-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indole
Authors: Varvuolytė Gabrielė , Bieliauskas Aurimas , Kleizienė Neringa , Žukauskaitė Asta , Šačkus Algirdas
Published: November 2024

The ligandless palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction of 4-ethenyl-3-methoxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole and 2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-bromo-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indole gave the previously unreported 2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-[(E)-2-(3-methoxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethenyl]-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indole in 45% yield. The compound was characterized using NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and HRMS data. The optical properties of the compound were investigated in tetrahydrofuran by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy.
A Novel ANN-PSO Method for Optimizing a Small-Signal Equivalent Model of a Dual-Field-Plate GaN HEMT
Authors: Shen Haowen , Zhou Wenyong , Wang Jinye , Jin Hangjiang , Wu Yifan , Wang Junchao , Liu Jun
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a novel method that integrates artificial neural networks (ANNs) with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to enhance the efficiency and precision of parameter optimization for the small-signal equivalent model of dual-field-plate GaN HEMT devices. We initially train an ANN model to predict the S-parameters of the device, and subsequently utilize the PSO algorithm for parameter optimization. Comparative analysis with the NSGA2 and DE algorithms, based on convergence speed and accuracy, underscores the superiority of the PSO algorithm. Ultimately, this ANN-PSO approach is employed to automatically optimize the internal parameters of a 4 × 250 μm dual-field-plate GaN HEMT equivalent circuit model within the frequency range of 1–18 GHz. The method’s effectiveness under varying bias conditions is validated through comparison with traditional physical formula analysis methods. The results demonstrate that the ANN-PSO method significantly enhances the automation and efficiency of parameter optimization while maintaining model accuracy, providing a reference for the optimization of other device models.
RETRACTED: Dong et al. Transient Response Characteristics Analysis of High-Power Piezoelectric Transducers. Micromachines 2022, 13, 1638
Authors: Dong Zhaopeng , Xu Liang , Yang Tianyue
Published: November 2024

The journal retracts the article titled “Transient Response Characteristics Analysis of High-Power Piezoelectric Transducers” [...]
Design of a Half-Mode Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) Multimode Resonator Bandpass Filter Using the Minkowski Fractal for C-Band Applications
Authors: Muchhal Nitin , Kumar Abhay , Tewari Nidhi , Kalia Samriti , Srivastava Shweta
Published: November 2024

A substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) with extraordinary selectivity and an adequate upper stopband for C-band Satellite Communication (SATCOM) applications is proposed in this paper. The design comprises comb-shaped slots engraved on a half-mode SIW (HMSIW) that constitute a multimode resonator (MMR). Its performance is further ameliorated by applying the first and second iterations of the Minkowski fractal curve in the ground plane as a defected ground structure (DGS). The Minkowski fractal has advantages in terms of better bandwidth and miniaturization. The filter is first simulated using the commercial full-wave electromagnetic simulator HFSS v19 and then fabricated on a 0.062′′ (1.6 mm) FR4 with dielectric constant εr = 4.4. The measured results are comparable with the simulated ones and demonstrate that the BPF has a resonant frequency (f0) of 4.75 GHz, a 3 dB bandwidth of 770 MHz (fractional bandwidth of 21.4%), an insertion loss of 1.05 dB, and an out-of-band rejection (in the stopband) of more than 28 dB up to 8 GHz, demonstrating a wide and deep stopband. Using the multimode resonator (MMR) technique, a wide bandwidth has been achieved, and by virtue of using half-mode SIW (HMSIW), the proposed BPF is compact in size. Also, the fractal DGS aids in better stopband performance.
Pseudo-Jahn–Teller Effect in Natural Compounds and Its Possible Role in Straintronics I: Hypericin and Its Analogs
Authors: Štellerová Dagmar , Lukeš Vladimír , Breza Martin
Published: November 2024

The distortions and instability of high-symmetry configurations of polyatomic systems in nondegenerate states are usually ascribed to the pseudo-Jahn–Teller effect (PJTE). The geometries of hypericin, isohypericin, and fringelite D were optimized within various symmetry groups. Group-theoretical treatment and (TD-)DFT calculations were used to identify the corresponding electronic states during the symmetry descent. The symmetry descent paths (up to the stable structures without imaginary vibrations) were determined using the corresponding imaginary vibrations as their kernel subgroups starting from the highest possible symmetry group. The vibronic interaction between the ground and excited electronic states relates to an increasing energy difference of both states during the symmetry decrease. This criterion was used to identify possible PJTE. We have shown that the PJTE in these naturally occurring compounds could explain only the symmetry descent paths C2v → C2 and C2v → Cs in hypericin, and the D2h → C2v, D2h → C2v → C2, and D2h → C2h ones in fringelite D. The electric dipole moments of hypericin and its analogs were determined prevailingly by the mutual orientations of the hydroxyl groups. The same held for the energies of frontier orbitals in these systems, but their changes during the symmetry descent were less significant.
One−Step Synthesis Strategy for a Platinum−Based Alloy Catalyst Designed via Crystal−Structure Prediction
Authors: Yan Dengjie , Kong Lingxin , Xu Baoqiang , Yang Bin
Published: November 2024

The industrial application of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is limited by the high cost of platinum catalysts. In this study, we developed a one−step synthesis strategy for low−platinum alloy catalysts based on crystal−structure predictions. Using this method, we successfully prepared a low−platinum alloy catalyst, i.e., CaPt2, which exhibits the same structure as its theoretically predicted counterpart in a single step via arc melting. There was no hazardous waste emission during the preparation of the alloy catalyst. Electrons were successfully enriched on the surfaces of platinum atoms, and the electronic structures of the platinum atoms were adjusted. The migration of oxygen intermediates during oxygen reduction was determined via an extensive oxygen−intermediate adsorption site test. The reaction path for the oxygen reduction process was determined. Electronic−structure analysis revealed the interaction mechanism between the oxygen intermediate and the platinum atom on the catalyst surface. The incorporation of calcium atoms into the alloy catalyst effectively improved the adsorption/dissociation state of the oxygen intermediates on the catalyst surface. Meanwhile, the molar fraction of platinum atoms in the CaPt2 alloy catalyst reduced by 33%, thus decreasing the feedstock cost of the catalyst. The double reduction in raw materials and manufacturing costs is conducive to the popularization and application of alloy catalysts. This study provides a reference for the design and production of other functional catalysts.
Effects of the Backbone’s Structures on the Curing Behaviors and Properties of Phthalonitrile Containing Benzoxazine Rings
Authors: Xu Mingzhen , Zhang Jiaqu , Li Bo , Fan Zexu , He Lunshuai
Published: November 2024

Phthalonitrile-based resins and benzoxazine play important roles in the field of advanced materials because of their excellent properties. In order to understand the effect of the backbone’s structure on the curing kinetics and properties of the multifunctional resin matrices, different kinds of phthalonitrile containing benzoxazine with various backbone structures were designed and prepared. The curing processes and curing behaviors were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With the assistance of the orthogonal test analysis method, the kinetic parameters, including activation energy Eα, were evaluated and calculated. Results indicated that an autocatalytic model for the curing reaction of various phthalonitrile−containing benzoxazine resins was confirmed. Nevertheless, the activation energies for reactions of benzoxazine and nitrile groups were significantly changed due to the steric hindrance derived from the backbone’s structures. The thermal stability of polymers cured at various temperatures was evaluated by TGA testing. Then, their mechanical properties were investigated and confirmed with SEM images of fracture surfaces. Also, the thermal expansion characteristics of the various polymers were investigated. Results demonstrated that this work proposed an improved matrix resin system with outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties that broadened the foundation and ideas for subsequent research.
Efficient and Stable Deep-Blue 0D Copper-Based Halide TEA2Cu2I4 with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield for Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yuan Fang , Liu Xiaoyun , Zhang Songting , Zhu Peichao , Ali Fawad , Zhao Chenjing , He Shuaiqi , Ma Qianhao , Li Jingrui , Guo Kunping , Li Lu , Wu Zhaoxin
Published: November 2024

Achieving deep-blue light with high color saturation remains a critical challenge in the development of white light-emitting diode (LED) technology, necessitating luminescent materials that excel in efficiency, low toxicity, and stability. Here, we report the synthesis of [N(C2H5)4]2Cu2I4 (TEA2Cu2I4) single crystals (SCs), which exhibit deep-blue photoluminescence (PL) at 450 nm. These crystals are characterized by a significant Stokes shift of 180 nm, a long lifetime of 1.7 μs, and an impressive photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 96.7% for SCs and 87.2% for polycrystalline films. The zero-dimensional structure is attributed to the proper spacing of triangular inorganic units [Cu2I4]2− by organic cations [N(C2H5)4]+. This structural arrangement facilitates broadband deep-blue light emission with phosphorescent characteristics, as evidenced by temperature-dependent PL and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements. The band gap properties of TEA2Cu2I4 were further elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) computations. Notably, the material exhibited minimal PL intensity degradation after continuous UV irradiation and one month of exposure to ambient conditions. Moreover, the polycrystalline film of TEA2Cu2I4 maintained substantial deep-blue emission even after one year of storage. Utilizing TEA2Cu2I4 thin film, we fabricated an electroluminescent device emitting deep-blue light with high color saturation, featuring CIE coordinates (0.143, 0.076) and a brightness of 90 cd/m2. The exceptional photophysical properties of TEA2Cu2I4 render it a highly promising candidate for optoelectronic applications.
How Do School Salad Bars Impact Elementary School Students’ Dietary Quality and Energy Intake at Lunch? A Randomized Controlled Plate Waste Investigation
Authors: Bean Melanie K. , Mazzeo Suzanne E. , Raynor Hollie A. , Thornton Laura M. , de Jonge Lilian , Mendoza Ashley , Farthing Sarah
Published: November 2024

Background: Children’s dietary quality is suboptimal, increasing the risk of numerous chronic illnesses. Salad bars (SBs) have potential to enhance children’s nutritional intake within the National School Lunch Program (NSLP); yet, empirical support is lacking. To address this gap, we evaluated the impact of school salad bars on dietary quality and energy intake at lunch. Methods: Seven matched elementary school pairs were randomly selected. All schools served pre-portioned fruit and vegetables (F&V) at baseline. Within each pair, one school received an SB. Digital imagery plate waste methods were applied at baseline and 4–6 weeks post salad bar installation to determine intake (20% increments for food, ounces for beverages). Dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015)) and energy intake (kcal) were evaluated in NDSR. Multilevel modeling evaluated group (SB vs. control) and time (baseline vs. post) differences and group-by-time interactions for: (1) HEI-2015 (total and component scores) and (2) kcal intake (overall, F&V, non-F&V, and beverage kcals). Results: Data from 5674 trays are reported. Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for HEI-2015 total scores and Greens and Beans, Total Fruit, Whole Fruit, Refined Grains, and Added Sugar component scores (p < 0.0001), supporting improved dietary quality in SB schools. SB HEI-2015 scores were 60.1 ± 9.8 at post (+5.3 from baseline; p < 0.0001) compared with 57.2 ± 9.5 in controls (+1.0 from baseline; p = 0.065). Total energy intake significantly increased in SB schools (376 ± 151 kcal (baseline) → 434 ± 176 kcal (post)), driven by F&V energy (+59 kcal), with no change for controls. Discussion: Within the NSLP, SBs improved dietary quality and increased energy intake due to increased F&V intake without replacing other foods. Results can inform school nutrition policies designed to reduce chronic illness risk.
Editorial on Nutrition Education, Food Literacy, and Healthy Diets in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Hoteit Maha , Younes Hassan , Tayyem Reema
Published: November 2024

Childhood and adolescence are critical developmental stages, where adequate nutrition plays a pivotal role in ensuring proper growth and long-term health [...]
Efficacy of Zinc Supplementation in the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hsu Ting-Jui , Hsieh Rong-Hong , Huang Chin-Huan , Chen Chih-Shou , Lin Wei-Yu , Huang Yun-Ching , Lin Jian-Hui , Huang Kuo-Tsai , Liu Yu-Liang , Tsai Hui-Ming , Ho Dong-Ru
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common condition affecting up to 90% of menstruating women, which often results in significant pain without an underlying pathology. Zinc, recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through inhibiting prostaglandin production and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) upregulation, alleviates menstrual pain by preventing uterine spasms and enhancing microcirculation in the endometrium, suggesting its potential as an alternative treatment for primary dysmenorrhea. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of zinc supplementation in reducing pain severity among women with PD and to explore the influence of dosage and treatment duration. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted an extensive search across databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, up to May 2024. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of zinc supplementation on pain severity in women with PD were included. Pain severity was evaluated with established tools, such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool. Two reviewers independently performed the data extraction, and a random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Meta-regressions were conducted to examine the influence of zinc dosage and treatment duration on pain reduction. Adverse events were also analyzed. Results: Six RCTs involving 739 participants met the inclusion criteria. Zinc supplementation significantly reduced pain severity compared to placebo (Hedges’s g = −1.541; 95% CI: −2.268 to −0.814; p < 0.001), representing a clinically meaningful reduction in pain. Meta-regression indicated that longer treatment durations (≥8 weeks) were associated with greater pain reduction (p = 0.003). While higher zinc doses provided additional pain relief, the incremental benefit per additional milligram was modest (regression coefficient = −0.02 per mg; p = 0.005). Adverse event rates did not differ significantly between the zinc and placebo groups (odds ratio = 2.54; 95% CI: 0.78 to 8.26; p = 0.122), suggesting good tolerability. Conclusions: Zinc supplementation is an effective and well-tolerated option for reducing pain severity in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Doses as low as 7 mg/day of elemental zinc are sufficient to achieve significant pain relief, with longer durations (≥8 weeks) enhancing efficacy. The favorable safety profile and ease of use support the consideration of zinc supplementation as a practical approach to managing primary dysmenorrhea.
The Role of Trace Elements in COPD: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Zinc, Iron, Magnesium, Selenium, Manganese, Copper, and Calcium
Authors: Fekete Mónika , Lehoczki Andrea , Csípő Tamás , Fazekas-Pongor Vince , Szappanos Ágnes , Major Dávid , Mózes Noémi , Dósa Norbert , Varga János
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, inflammatory airway disorder characterized by a gradual decline in lung function and increased oxidative stress. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are central to its pathophysiology, with trace elements such as zinc, copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, selenium, and calcium playing key roles in various cellular processes. Objective: This article reviews the role of trace elements in COPD, focusing on their involvement in disease pathogenesis and their therapeutic potential. Specifically, we examine the effects of zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and calcium in COPD. Methods: We performed a comprehensive narrative review of the literature across databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, identifying studies that explore the therapeutic effects of trace elements in COPD. The studies included in the review consisted of cohort analyses, randomized controlled trials, and clinical investigations. Results: Zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and calcium are critical to both the pathophysiology and management of COPD. These trace elements contribute to the regulation of inflammation, the modulation of oxidative stress, and the maintenance of lung function. Zinc and copper, for instance, reduce oxidative stress and modulate immune responses, while iron is essential for oxygen transport. Magnesium, manganese, selenium, and calcium are vital for muscle function, respiratory performance, reducing inflammation, and improving pulmonary function. Conclusions: The minerals zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and calcium may contribute to beneficial effects as part of the standard therapeutic management of COPD. Maintaining optimal levels of these trace elements may support the regulation of inflammatory processes, a reduction in oxidative stress, and an improvement in the pulmonary function. However, further clinical research is necessary to confirm their efficacy and establish safe dosage recommendations in COPD treatment.
A Novel Demodulation Algorithm Based on the Spatial-Domain Carrier Frequency Fringes Method
Authors: Han Chenhaolei , Ju Yuan , Zhao Zongxu , He Yuni , Tang Zhan
Published: November 2024

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has attracted much attention from researchers due to its high accuracy, high efficiency, and strong adaptability. In SIM, demodulation is a key point to recovering three-dimensional topography, which directly affects the accuracy and validity of measurement. The traditional demodulation methods are the phase-shift method and Fourier transform method. The phase-shift method has a high demodulation accuracy, but its time consumption is too long. The Fourier transform method has high efficiency, but its demodulation accuracy is lower due to the loss of high frequency information during the process of filtering. However, in actual measurement, due to the gamma effect of the projector and charge-coupled device (CCD), the phase-shift interval is not strictly equal to the default value, which causes phase-shift error. Therefore, the restored topography contains carrier frequency fringes, which affects the accuracy of the measurement and limits the wide application of SIM. In this paper, a novel demodulation algorithm based on spatial-domain carrier frequency shift is proposed to solve the problem. Through recombining multiple full-period phase-shift images, the error spectrum and the signal spectrum are separated from each other in the frequency domain, so as to eliminate the effect of carrier frequency fringes. Simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Aged Lignocellulose Fibers of Cedar Wood (9th and 12th Century): Structural Investigation Using FTIR-Deconvolution Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Crystallinity Indices, and Morphological SEM Analyses
Authors: Bouramdane Yousra , Haddad Mustapha , Mazar Adil , Aît Lyazidi Saadia , Oudghiri Hassani Hicham , Boukir Abdellatif
Published: November 2024

The characterization of lignocellulosic biomass present in archaeological wood is crucial for understanding the degradation processes affecting wooden artifacts. The lignocellulosic fractions in both the external and internal parts of Moroccan archaeological cedar wood (9th, 12th, and 21st centuries) were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR deconvolution mode), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and SEM analysis. The XRD demonstrates a significant reduction in the crystallinity index of cellulose from recent to aging samples. This finding is corroborated by the FTIR analysis, which shows a significant reduction in the area profiles of the C-H crystalline cellulosic bands (1374, 1315, and 1265 cm−1) and C-O-C (1150–1000 cm−1). The alterations in the lignin fraction of aging samples (from the 9th and 12th centuries) were demonstrated by a reduction in the intensity of the bands at 1271 and 1232 cm−1 (Car-O) and the formation of new compounds, such as quinones and/or diaryl carbonyl structures, within the 1700–1550 cm−1 range. The SEM images of cedar wood samples from the 9th and 12th centuries reveal voids, indicating that the entire cell wall component has been removed, a characteristic feature of simultaneous white rot fungi. In addition, horizontal “scratches” were noted, indicating possible bacterial activity.