bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaturan Marital Rape di Indonesia Perspektif Fiqh Jinayah tentang Keluarga
Authors: Purdiantika Fernenda , Santoso Lukman
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to explore the regulation related to the problem of marital rape in Indonesian legislation, especially after the enactment of the new Criminal Code Law by using the perspective of fiqh jinayah on family. This research is a doctrinal study with a conceptual approach and a legislative approach. Based on the research conducted, several conclusions can be formulated: First, marital rape that occurs in the household can be classified as a criminal offence of sexual violence. In addition, the regulation of marital rape in Indonesia is not yet specific and integrated so that it is still scattered in various regulations. Secondly, based on the perspective of fiqh jinayah, marital rape is included in the category of jarimah ta'zir because it is related to human honour. In the perspective of family jinayah fiqh, marital rape is also not justified and is an injustice according to Islam. Some sanctions in jinayah fiqh that can be applied to perpetrators of marital rape include diyat and ta'zir.
Analisis Hukum terhadap Putusan tentang Perkara Wanprestasi dalam Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Laila Asy’fa Haifa , Ilham Tanzilullah M.
Published: November 2024

Settlement of Sharia economic disputes, Sharia banking, and default in the field of Sharia is the absolute authority of the Religious Courts, as explained in Article 49 of Law No. 30 of 2006 on Amendments to Law No. 7 of 1989 on Religious Courts. In resolving disputes, the panel of judges must apply a clear legal basis and use legal reasoning when considering the case to be decided. The case that the authors of this study started with the existence of a Sharia economic case, namely default in a default case between PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia, TBK as the plaintiff with PT Hasta Mulya Putra as the defendant. This problem arises because PT Hasta Mulya Putra has committed a breach of promise in fulfilling its obligation to transfer the name of the financing object. The purpose of this study is to find out and explain the analysis of considerations by judges in deciding cases, as well as to explain related to the judge's consideration process in deciding cases No. 129/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Mn. The type of research conducted is field research using a qualitative approach and empirical legal research. Meanwhile, the data collection technique carried out by the author uses interviews. The analysisused used an inductive method. From this study, it can be concluded that before deciding that someone is in default, the judge looks at the fact. Things that can strengthen the judge's belief in deciding a case that someone has committed an act of default or breach of promise is that the person has neglected his obligations or has not paid off the principal of the financing, the proof can be seen from the evidence in the form of letters submitted by the plaintiff, all of which have been acknowledged or confirmed by the defendant, so there is no need to prove it. The role of legal reasoning is to help judges reach a conclusion that must be rational and supported by rational premises to avoid misleading errors.
Guia prático educacional: Vídeos e textos orientativos como método de ensino para pacientes com patologias gastroenterológicas
Authors: Araujo Amanda Costa , Molinari Humberto , Bueno Lima Leandro
Published: November 2024

A conformidade do paciente com o tratamento indicado pelo profissional de saúde representa uma problemática recorrente no âmbito do atendimento ambulatorial. A lacuna de conhecimento médico percebida pelo paciente, aliada ao intervalo temporal entre consultas sucessivas, figura como obstáculos significativos para a eficácia terapêutica. Em resposta a essa questão, foi desenvolvido um instrumento educativo compreendendo três textos orientativos e três materiais audiovisuais. Os textos são fundamentados em bases científicas sólidas, enquanto os vídeos, elaborados a partir dos mesmos, visam oferecer uma experiência de aprendizado acessível, didática e concisa, de modo a facilitar sua assimilação e aceitação por parte dos pacientes. Este recurso pedagógico destaca-se por sua capacidade de promover um entendimento aprofundado por parte do paciente acerca de sua condição clínica e do regime terapêutico prescrito, evidenciando a educação do paciente como um pilar central para a otimização dos resultados de saúde. Observou-se que a implementação do guia educativo favoreceu a dinâmica da relação médico-paciente, culminando em um incremento na aderência ao tratamento. Tal constatação sublinha a importância de estratégias educativas personalizadas no contexto da saúde, visando aprimorar a comunicação clínica e, consequentemente, a adesão terapêutica.
Enhancing Teacher Gatekeeper Skills for Suicide: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Among School-Based Lay People in China
Authors: Chen Runsen , Qu Diyang , Liu Bowen , Zhang Xuan , Cai Chengxi , Chen Dongyang , Liu Dongyu , Wen Xue , Wu Zhijun , An Jing , Sun Shufang , Saxena Shekhar
Published: November 2024

Gatekeeper training equips individuals with the skills to identify those exhibiting warning signs of suicide risk and refer them to appropriate services. However, enhancing gatekeepers’ knowledge, efficacy, subsequent behaviors, and the broader implications of such interventions in school settings remain pressing concerns. To address these challenges, the Life Gatekeeper Training Program (LGTP) was developed. This 8-session program is designed to train school teachers in essential gatekeeper skills through case demonstrations, role-plays, and group discussions, by using a train-the-trainer model. A cluster randomized controlled trial, which randomly assigned 84 schools (including 223 trainers and 4,140 trainees) to intervention and waitlist control groups, was conducted from December 2022 to March 2024 to evaluate the 6- and 12-month outcomes of the LGTP in Yunfu, China. The primary outcomes were teachers’ stigmatization, suicide literacy, perceived competence, and willingness to intervene. The secondary outcome measures were gatekeeper behaviors, including identifying students at risk, discussing potential suicide risk with them, or with their caregiver(s), and referring them to a mental health professional or a specialist clinic. The study was pre-registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, with a registration number of ChiCTR2200066142. Following the principle of intention to treat (ITT), the results of the generalized estimating equations showed LGTP intervention led to significant decreases in stigmatization (b = − 0.80, SE=0.04, PFDR ＜0.001), increases in suicide literacy (b = 0.98, SE=0.04, PFDR<0.001), perceived competence (b = 1.03, SE=0.04, PFDR<0.001), and willingness to intervene (b = 0.76, SE=0.04, PFDR<0.001) compared to the control group at post-intervention, and these effects were moderately maintained at the 6 and 12 months follow up. In addition, gatekeeper behavior outcomes (i.e., Identify risk students, Talk to the students, Talk to the parents, Refer to professional help) in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The LGTP, a standardized program with a brief training format, demonstrated efficacy in increasing actual gatekeeper behaviors among school teachers in China. The delivery strategies of this program enabled rapid scalability to reach a large population within a short time frame, thereby offering opportunities to expand early intervention and prevention efforts.
Two new species of Graphium (Microascales, Ascomycota) associated with pine-infesting bark beetles in China
Authors: Li Jie , Gao Xiang , Liu Kun , Chen Minjie , Ran Yutong , Liu Congwang , Lin Tong , Yin Mingliang
Published: November 2024

Graphium is a genus of fungi that falls under the order Microascales of Ascomycota. Some species in this genus can establish a unique symbiotic relationship with the pine-infesting bark beetles, while others are typically found in wood or soil habitats. To comprehensively investigate the diversity of species of these fungi, recent field trips were conducted in seven provinces (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Guangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, and Shandong) in China. 96 pure isolates of Graphium were obtained by sequences from 361 samples. Nineteen representative strains were carefully selected to generate sequencing data from four gene regions (ITS, LSU, EF1A and TUBB), then used to construct phylogenetic trees for the genus. The results revealed the discovery of two new species, namely G. armandii sp. nov. and G. massoniana sp. nov., and G. pseudoumiticum was the most common species in various pine hosts.
Assessing private solutions to collective action problems in a 34-nation study
Authors: Malthouse Eugene , Pilgrim Charlie , Sgroi Daniel , Accerenzi Michela , Alfonso Antonio , Ashraf Rana Umair , Baard Max , Banerjee Sanchayan , Belianin Alexis , Bhattacharjee Swagata , Bhattacharya Mihir , Branas-Garza Pablo , Cardenas Juan-Camilo , Carriquiry Miguel , Choi Syngjoo , Clochard Gwen-Jiro , Denzon Eduardo Ezekiel , Dessoulavy-Sliwinski Bartlomiej , Dini Giorgio , Dong Lu , Ertl Antal , Exadaktylos Filippos , Filiz-Ozbay Emel , Flecke Sarah , Galeotti Fabio , Garcia Teresa , Hanaki Nobuyuki , Hollard University of Warwick , Horn Daniel , Huang Lingbo , İriş Doruk , Kiss Hubert Janos , Koch Juliane , Kovářík Jaromír , Kwarteng Osbert , Lange Andreas , Leites Martin , Leung Ho-Fung , Lim Wooyoung , Morren Meike , Nockur Laila , Okyere Charles , Oudah Mayada , Ozkes Ali , Page Lionel , Park Junghyun , Pfattheicher Stefan , Proestakis Antonios , Ramos Carlos , Ramos-Sosa Mapi , Ashraf Muhammad Saeed , Sanjaya Muhammad Ryan , Schwaiger Rene , Sene Omar , Song Fei , Spycher Sarah , Staněk Rostislav , Tanchingco Norman , Tavoni Alessandro , Velde Vera te , Francisco María José Vázquez-De , Visser Martine , Wang Joseph Tao-yi , Wang Willy , Weng Wei-Chien , Werner Katharina , Wijayanti Amanda , Winkler Ralph , Wooders John , Ying Li , Zhen Wei , Hills Thomas
Published: November 2024

Collective action problems emerge when individual incentives and group interests are misaligned, as in the case of climate change1–5. Individuals involved in collective action problems are often considered to have two options: contribute towards a public solution or free-ride. But they might also choose a third option of investing in a private solution such as local climate change adaptation6–8. Here we introduce a collective action game featuring wealth inequality caused by luck or merit and both public and private solutions with participants from 34 countries. We show that the joint existence of wealth inequality and private solutions has a consistent effect across countries: participants endowed with higher income choose the private solution almost twice as often as those endowed with lower income; and this finding cannot be explained by different sources of wealth (luck vs. merit) or by cultural or economic factors. We also show that preferences for private solutions undermine support for public solutions, resulting in wealth inequality increasing in every country. In contrast, we identify two universal pathways to successful public solution provision: early contributions to public solutions and conditional cooperation. Our findings highlight the ubiquity of the ‘private solution problem’ and its potential consequences for global collective action problems.
Surface sediment properties and heavy metal contamination assessment in typical urban areas from middle and upper reaches of Yellow River
Authors: Wang Junzhang , Tao Ling , Ren Hanru , Xue Xiangyu , Yang Zhijie , Jiang Yucheng , Ren Jun
Published: November 2024

River sediments are considered a source and sink of potential heavy metal pollutants and can provide important information for the health of aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metal pollution has become a serious problem in global river systems and adversely affects humans through the food chain.The contents of eight types of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cd) in the sediments of six typical urban areas in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River were analyzed to explore the spatial distribution characteristics between cities and evaluate the degree of pollution.The main research objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to analyze the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in sediments along rivers in six typical urban areas to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution in sediments; (2) to reveal the enrichment characteristics and pollution level of eight types of heavy metals in six typical urban areas in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River; (3) to propose the ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of six typical urban areas in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River using the potential ecological risk index method.
Enhancement of D-lactic acid production by the methylotrophic yeast, Komagataella phaffii, via optimization of D-LDH gene and promoter and post-transformational gene amplification
Authors: Inoue Yoshifumi , Yamada Ryosuke , Matsumoto Takuya , Ogino Hiroyasu
Published: November 2024

Background
Currently, efficient technologies producing useful chemicals from alternative carbon resources, such as methanol, to replace petroleum are in demand. The methanol-utilizing yeast, Komagataella phaffii, is a promising microorganism to produce chemicals from methanol using environment-friendly microbial processes. In this study, to achieve efficient D-lactic acid production from methanol, we investigated a combination of D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) genes and promoters in K. phaffii. The yeast strain was constructed by integrating a gene cassette containing the identified gene and promoter into the rDNA locus of K. phaffii, followed by post-transformational gene amplification. Subsequently, D-lactic acid production from methanol was evaluated.
Results
Among the five D-LDH genes and eight promoters tested, the combination of LlDLDH derived from Leuconostoc lactis and CAT1 and FLD1 promoters was suitable for expression in K. phaffii. GS115_CFL/Z3/04, the best-engineered strain constructed via integration of LlDLDH linked to CAT1 and FLD1 promoters into the rDNA locus and post-transformational gene amplification, produced 5.18 g/L D-lactic acid from methanol. To the best of our knowledge, the amount of D-lactic acid from methanol produced by this engineered yeast is the highest reported value to date, including both D- and L- lactic acids.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of combining different enzyme genes and promoters using multiple promoters with different induction and repression conditions, integrating the genes into the rDNA locus, and further amplifying the genes after transformation in K. phaffii. Using our established method, other K. phaffii strains can be engineered to produce various useful chemicals in the future.
Directly measuring thrust from a superconducting applied field magnetoplasmadynamic thruster
Authors: Mallett Benjamin P P , Jane Celine , Webster Emile , Schmidt Jens
Published: November 2024

Superconducting magnet technology can significantly improve the system-level performance of electromagnetic thrusters by reducing the size, weight and power of the magnet module. However, a superconducting magnet poses some unique challenges to accurate and direct thrust measurement, a key performance metric of any thruster. The Robinson Research Institute (Robinson) in New Zealand and the DLR Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology (DLR) in Gottingen, Germany, are working together on a project to directly measure thrust from a kW-class applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thruster (AFMPDT) with a conduction-cooled superconducting magnet for its applied field module. This paper presents results of the characterization and modification of the thrust stands at DLR and Robinson to meet the additional challenges of stray magnetic fields, cryocooler vibrations and thermal gradients associated with the superconducting magnet system. We find that after some modifications to thrust stand parts and data analysis methods, the stray magnetic field and vibrations of a cryocooler, although large at approximately 1g peak acceleration, should have negligable impact on accuracy of thrust measurement. Moreover, the vibrations may improve the quality of the measurement by reducing hysteresis arising from bearing stiction. A variety of methods will need to be carefully employed to reduce sensitivity to temperature, particularly to an uneven temperature distribution across the pivot axis. As such, we deem it feasible to make direct thrust measurement in our facilities of a flight-like superconducting AFMPDT accurate to within a few mN. The key next stage of this project involves comparative measurements of a superconducting AFMPDT planned for 2025.
Optimization of free form surface in bulge formed joint based on isogeometric analysis
Authors: Luo Sen , Sun Yuantao , Zhai Jinjin , Zhang Qing , Chang Xiaoqing
Published: November 2024

The bulge formed joint is a novel free-form surface thin-wall joint structure used in truss structure systems, and its shape characteristics strongly influence the bearing capacity of the structure. The isogeometric analysis method provides a new way to analyze and optimize these free-form surface structures. To enhance the aesthetic appearance such as smoothness of the form and increase the bearing capacity of the structures, an optimal design method of bulge formed joint based on isogeometric analysis is proposed in this paper. This paper proposes a joint shape evaluation index based on NURBS surface characteristics. It establishes an optimization model for shell surface shape within the isogeometric analysis framework, derives an analytical expression for the sensitivity of design variables, and employs h-refinement to propagate sensitivity across multiple mesh models. The optimization design of joint configuration is realized by combining the moving asymptote method. The optimization results of the T-type and K-type bulge formed joint show that the mechanical properties and morphological smoothness of the free-form surface joint are improved.
Toward Indigenous Knowledge Systems: The Role of Project-Based Learning in HigherEducation: Insights into Sculpture Students' Projects on Ghanaian Adinkra Symbols
Authors: Boakye-Yiadom Fredrick , Donkor Evans Kwadwo , Mensah Ronald Osei
Published: November 2024

This study explores the integration of Project-Based Learning (PBL) within the higher education context, focusing on sculpture students' projects based on Ghanaian Adinkra symbols and their engagement with Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS). The primary aim of this research is to examine how PBL enhances sculpture students' understanding and appreciation of Adinkra symbols while also assessing the broader impact of PBL on their interaction with indigenous knowledge systems. Sculpture students participating in this study were tasked with developing projects that incorporated Adinkra symbols, thereby connecting their creative practice with the rich cultural narratives embodied in these symbols. Through this process, students were not only encouraged to produce art but also to interpret, analyse, and engage with the cultural meanings and historical significance of the Adinkra symbols. A qualitative research methodology was employed, using semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and project evaluations to gather data. Findings from the study suggest that PBL significantly enhances students' appreciation for and understanding of indigenous knowledge systems by providing them with the tools to interpret cultural artefacts within their historical and social contexts. To collaborate with indigenous communities, art educational institutions should build partnerships with local indigenous communities, cultural experts, and artisans to co-create projects and learning experiences for students.
Socioeconomic and Environmental Predictors of Lassa Fever Transmission in Lower Bambara Chiefdom, Kenema District, Eastern Sierra Leone
Authors: Kamara Abu-Bakarr S. , Moseray Andrew , Fatoma Patrick , Lamin Joseph Morison , Sankoh Osman A , Rogers Mohamed Kemoh
Published: November 2024

Background: Lassa fever (LF), a viral hemorrhagic illness endemic to West Africa, poses significant health challenges due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. This study investigates the complex interplay of socioeconomic, and environmental factors contributing to the spread of LF in Lower Bambara Chiefdom, Kenema District, Eastern Sierra Leone.
Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative design was employed, targeting adult males and females in Lower Bambara Chiefdom. Data were collected through structured interviews focusing on participant demographics, community characteristics, and LF-related factors. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests, and bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess correlations and identify risk factors.
Results:The study involved 2,167 participants. Majority were males (54.60%); most dominant age groups were 34-41 years (27.00%) and 42-49 years (22.00%). Over half never attended school (61.70%) and were farmers (64.90%). More than 60% were married (monogamous) and heads of households. Sex, age, education, occupation and relationship to household head except marital status (p=0.08), were statistically significant with LF endemicity (p<0.05). Environmental markers like moderate bushy surroundings (53.90% to 73.50%), mixed farming practices (61.50%), standpipes (40.47%) as major water sources, and waste burning (77.34%) as the primary waste disposal method were identified as significant influencers. Mud walls (72.00%) and zinc roofing (90.00%) were common construction materials used. Almost all (85.5%) consume palm wine were purchased from the market. Logging activities occurred close to residential areas, with an average distance of 14.65 meters. Socioeconomic factors like asset ownership and livelihood activities (farming and palm wine consumption) were also significant.
Conclusion: The study found that factors like gender, age, education, occupation, environmental conditions, construction materials, and proximity to logging activities influence LF in Lower Bambara Chiefdom. High palm wine consumption and socioeconomic factors also highlight the need for tailored public health interventions.
A TaqMan qPCR for Precise Detection and Quantification of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Xue Bingyu , Zhang Huanrong , Yan Xia , Su Xiaoyan , Zhou Yuling , Xie Junjin , Li Sheng , Zhou Yang , Li Lin
Published: November 2024

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) that can induce diarrhea symptoms in the host, as well as cause disease through contaminated food. To accurately and efficiently identify the five types of DEC, this study conducted a search for corresponding gene sequences in NCBI based on Chinese national standard virulence genes. Subsequently, 11 pairs of specific primers were designed by targeting their conserved regions. The amplification system, temperature, and other parameters were optimized, respectively. A TaqMan®single-plex real-time PCR assay was established for simultaneous detection of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), and Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC). The results demonstrated that the minimum detection limit for bacterial genomic DNA was 1.60×101 copies/µL (except for stx2 which was 1.60×102 copies/µL). The within-group variation rate ranged from 0.12–0.88%, while the between-group variation rate ranged from 0.67–1.62%. Moreover, R2 values for the standard curve generated by this method were between 0.999 and 1 with an amplification efficiency ranging from 98.4–100%. Therefore, this study successfully developed a Taqman real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay with high specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and amplification efficiency as well as significant regression effect. This assay can be utilized for clinical detection of DEC.
Analyzing CASIS Policy Data with AI: Sentiment Trends and Topic Modeling
Authors: Wu Xiao , Han Yuexia , Yang Fang
Published: November 2024

Over the past two decades, particularly in low Earth orbit, the sustained operation of the International Space Station (ISS) has significantly promoted the growth of the U.S. commercial space industry. Specifically, the U.S. National Laboratory on the ISS, managed by the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS), has played a crucial role in advancing space commercialization. The effective operation of CASIS is also greatly influenced by government policies, particularly from NASA. However, there is limited research from a policy perspective that examines the role of CASIS and the U.S. National Laboratory in developing commercial space activities. To better understand the evolution of CASIS, this study utilizes CASIS policy data and employs artificial intelligence methods, such as sentiment analysis and topic modeling, to reveal CASIS's development trends and the sentiment of both government and public toward its initiatives. The findings indicate that, despite significant negative events, such as organizational restructuring and negative scrutiny, the overall sentiment of policies related to CASIS remains positive. CASIS has been criticized for mismanagement while also being praised for its contributions to space science innovation. Furthermore, this study highlights key themes related to CASIS's development, such as scientific innovation and international collaboration, emphasizing its leadership role in research projects, especially in microgravity. These findings lay the foundation for understanding how policy guides CASIS's development and its broader impact on the aerospace sector. Additionally, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how policy influences CASIS's efficiency, governance, and strategic direction, contributing to broader discussions on space commercialization policy-making and offering insights for future policy interventions to enhance CASIS's role and capabilities.
Tradeoffs between proliferation and transmission in virus evolution – insights from evolutionary and functional analyses of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tai Jui-Hung , Lee Ding-Chin , Lin Hsin-Fu , Chao Tai-Ling , Ruan Yongsen , Cheng Ya-Wen , Chou Yu-Chi , Lin You-Yu , Chang Sui-Yuan , Chen Pei-Jer , Yeh Shiou-Hwei , Wang Hurng-Yi
Published: November 2024

To be successful a virus must maintain high between-host transmissibility while also effectively adapting within hosts. The impact of these potentially conflicting demands on viral genetic diversity and adaptation remains largely unexplored. These modes of adaptation can induce uncorrelated selection, bring to high frequency mutations that enhance certain fitness aspects at others' expense, and contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation. The vast wealth of SARS-CoV-2 genetic data gathered from within and across hosts offers an unparalleled opportunity to test the above hypothesis. By analyzing a large set of SARS-CoV-2 sequences (~ 2 million) collected from early 2020 to mid-2021, we found that high frequency mutations within hosts are sometimes detrimental during between-host transmission. This highlights potential inverse selection pressures within- versus between-hosts. We also identified a group of nonsynonymous changes likely maintained by pleiotropy, as their frequencies are significantly higher than neutral expectation, yet they have never experienced clonal expansion. Analyzing one such mutation, spike M1237I, reveals that spike I1237 boosts viral assembly but reduces in vitro transmission, highlighting its pleiotropic effect. Though they make up about 2% of total changes, these types of variants represent 37% of SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity. These mutations are notably prevalent in the Omicron variant from late 2021, hinting that pleiotropy may promote positive epistasis and new successful variants. Estimates of viral population dynamics, such as population sizes and transmission bottlenecks, assume neutrality of within-host variation. Our demonstration that these changes may affect fitness calls into question the robustness of these estimates.
Enhancing Streamflow Forecasting in Glacierized Basins: A Hybrid Model Integrating Glacio-Hydrological Outputs, Deep Learning, and Wavelet Transformation
Authors: ougahi jamal hassan , Rowan John S
Published: November 2024

Understanding snow and ice melt dynamics is vital for flood risk assessment and effective water resource management in highly populated river basins rising in inaccessible high-mountains. This study evaluated AI-enhanced hydrological modelling using a hybrid approach integrating glacio-hydrological model (GSM-SOCONT), with advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques framed as alternative ‘scenarios’, leveraging both physical processes and data-driven insights for enhanced predictive capabilities. The standalone deep learning model (CNN-LSTM), relying solely on meteorological data, outperformed both the machine learning and glacio-hydrological model. Additionally, a series of hybrid models (CNN-LSTM1 to CNN-LSTM15) were trained using meteorological data along with three additional feature groups derived from glacio-hydrological model outputs, providing detailed physical insights into hydrological processes for streamflow simulation. The hybrid model (CNN-LSTM14), which relied solely on glacier-derived features, demonstrated the best performance with high NSE (0.86), KGE (0.80), and R (0.93) values during calibration, and the highest NSE (0.83), KGE (0.88), R (0.91), and lowest RMSE (892) and MAE (544) during validation. Furthermore, the proposed hybridization framework involves applying permutation feature importance to identify key features, using wavelet transform to decompose them for multi-scale analysis, and integrating these into the hybrid model (CNN-LSTM19), which significantly enhances predictive accuracy, particularly for high-flow events, as evidenced by improved NSE (from 0.83 to 0.97) and reduced RMSE (from 892 to 442) during validation. The comparative analysis illustrates how AI-enhanced hydrological models improve the accuracy of runoff forecasting and provide more reliable and actionable insights for managing water resources and mitigating flood risks - despite the relative paucity of direct measurements.
Combined bio fortification of spinach plant through foliar spraying with iodine and selenium elements
Authors: Eslamiparvar Amirali , Hosseinifarahi Mehdi , Amiri Sedigheh , Radi Mohsen
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of combined biofortification of spinach with iodine (I) and selenium (Se). For this purpose, the spinach plant was cultivated in an open field (Dehdasht, Iran), biofortified with potassium iodide (KI) and sodium selenate (Na₂SeO₄) at different concentrations (Se 1 mg/L-I 1 mg/l; Se1-I1, Se2.5-I1, Se5-I1, Se1-I5, Se2.5-I5, and Se5-I5) through spraying the leaves twice during the growth season. Results indicated that while iodine did not have any effect on plant yield, selenium fortification at 2.5 mg/L significantly increased production (60.05 t/ha). However, both elements were successfully accumulated in the leaves of the plant. Therefore, the highest accumulation for both elements was noted by Se5-I5 sample. Meanwhile, the joint biofortification of spinach improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes, macro/microelements content, photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase activity, ascorbic acid, total phenol content, carotenoid compounds, TSS, and dry matter percentage, while decreasing the nitrate and malondialdehyde contents in the leaves, resulting in a plant with improved dietary properties and yield production. In this regard, treatment Se2.5-I5 was the best treatment in relation to various tests conducted.
Co-evolution Model of Traffic Travel and Disease Transmission under Limited Resources
Authors: Liang Zhanhao , Kudayberdievna Kadyrkulova Kyial , Wu Guijun , Isakunovich Batyrkanov Jenish , Xiong Wei , Meng Wei , Liang Zhantu , Li Yukai
Published: November 2024

The outbreak of diseases is influenced by various factors such as the total amount of resources and individual contacts. However, the co-evolution mechanism between individual travel behavior and disease transmission under limited resources remains unclear. In view of this, we construct a disease transmission model on a two-layer transportation network, considering the comprehensive effects of the total amount of medical resources, inter-network infection delay, travel willingness, and network topology. The simulation results show that increasing the total amount of resources can effectively reduce the disease scale in the transportation network during outbreaks. Additionally, an increase in inter-network infection delay can effectively slow down the disease transmission rate but prolongs the persistence of the disease in the population, affecting the regulation of infection scale by travel willingness. Meanwhile, the more complex the topology of the transportation network, the greater the impact of travel behavior on disease transmission. More importantly, compared to single-factor control, multi-factor combined control is more effective in inhibiting disease transmission. This paper provides new insights into the co-evolution mechanism of traffic travel behavior and disease transmission, and will offer valuable guidance for governments to control epidemic spread through transportation networks.
Exploring digital support for physical activity and diet in breast cancer, a mixed methods service evaluation
Authors: Cowan-Dickie Siobhan , Fisher Abi , Shaw Clare
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical service evaluation was to explore the experiences of people treated for breast cancer of physical activity (PA) and diet support, and how to improve support through digital interventions.
Methods: A mixed methods approach was used with a survey available online and in print, and two online focus groups. Participants were recruited through an online patient voices platform, in clinic, and through social media. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for survey responses, with thematic analysis for free text comments. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results:There were 97 survey respondents, mainly white British background, all female, 58% within the 50-59 age bracket, all on treatment or within two years of treatment completion for breast cancer. Whilst 70% wanted information on PA, only 29% of those received it. For diet this was 76% and 26% respectively. Most participants (66%) were very or extremely interested in digital support for PA and diet. Priorities for digital content were strengthening exercise, management of side effects and underlying research evidence. Two focus groups were held, with 13 attendees in total. The main themes from the focus groups were desire for personalised support, perceived importance of PA and diet, facilitators and barriers to access, and describing good digital support which included a hybrid approach with face to face and mechanisms for accountability.
Conclusion: Participants were open to support on PA and diet being delivered digitally, but with emphasis on a hybrid model with face-to-face, and with some synchronous elements such as feedback or checking in.
Evaluation of clinical characteristics and treatment appropriateness in patients receiving intravenous iron therapy
Authors: TOKATLI Mert , Gecici Neslihan Nisa , Peker Eray , Mavi Ezgi Aysu Sahin , Baran Berat , Uyaroglu Oguz Abdullah
Published: November 2024

Intravenous (IV) iron is frequently used to treat iron deficiency, even though oral iron therapy is recommended as a first-line treatment in most cases. IV therapy provides various benefits but also has drawbacks, including high costs, potential allergic reactions, and the need for hospitalization. In this study, we assessed patient and disease-related factors of IV iron therapy and re-evaluated treatment appropriateness using an algorithm created by reviewing current guidelines and literature. A retrospective single-center study evaluated the appropriateness of IV iron replacement in 264 outpatients between May 2 and October 15, 2023, at a tertiary care hospital. Threshold values for iron deficiency based on a review of many current guidelines Ferritin < 30 µg/L or (when CRP ≥ 5 mg/L, ferritin < 100 µg/L, and TSAT < 20%) were determined. Patients were reassessed for IV iron treatment appropriateness with an algorithm based on the history of oral iron use, patient/disease-related factors, and current guidelines. According to the algorithm, 81 patients (31%) who received IV iron treatment were not considered appropriate. Oral iron was not preferred in 74 patients (28%), and 7 patients (3%) were not evaluated as iron deficient. The rate of inappropriate treatment was higher in the group over 65 years of age (p = 0.03). Inappropriate treatment was much higher in the group without anemia (p < 0.001). We have observed that IV iron therapy is unnecessarily preferred in first-line treatment. New algorithms incorporating patient-related factors, current evidence, and clinical experience are needed.
Comparison of uniportal and three-portal video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for thymoma: a propensity score-matched study.
Authors: Yu Zipu , Zhang Guofei , Shen Gang
Published: November 2024

Background: Minimally invasive thymectomy (MIT) is a surgical approach to thymectomy. To investigate the efficacy of the minimally invasive thymectomy, a retrospective comparison for perioperative outcomes of patients was conducted between uniportal and three-portal video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy (UP-VATS and TP-VATS).
Methods: A detailed database search identified 135 patients treated withUP-VATS thymectomy technique and 228 patients treated via TP-VATS thymectomy technique between January 2013 and December 2022. Propensity score-matched analysis was used to compare the perioperative outcomes between the two groups.
Results: The first 20 patients were excluded respectively to account for the learning curve effect in both groups. 115 patients in each group were screened after propensity match. There were 14.8% morbidity in the UP-VATS group and 12.2% morbidity in the TP-VATS group, no significant differences were exist between two groups. Furthermore, no significant differences in other perioperative outcomes were exist between two groups. Although the volume of drainage (86.2 vs. 76.1, p = 0.078) were similar between the two groups, the operative time in the UP-VATS group (117.2 vs. 96.7, p < 0.001) was longer than that in the TP-VATS group.
CONCLUSION: Thymectomy treatment of (TP-VATS) is an advisable procedure for patients with thymoma, while these two minimally invasive thymectomy techniques are both appropriate for thymoma treatment.
Association between adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms among college students: the moderating effect of unhealthy lifestyle
Authors: Yin Jian , Wu Mingyang , Yang Peiying , Liu Zeshi , Zhang Yanping
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Limited study has reported the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and lifestyle on depressive symptoms, especially among college students. This study aims to investigate the associations of ACEs and lifestyle with depressive symptoms and to analyze the moderating effect of lifestyle on the relationship between ACEs and depressive symptoms among college students.
Methods
A total of 21,143 college students from Shaanxi Province of China were recruited. The Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire was used to assess ACEs, and the Self-rating Depression Scale was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Lifestyle information were collected by a self-report questionnaire. The associations of ACEs and lifestyle with depressive symptoms were analyzed using logistic regression models. Furthermore, we evaluated whether lifestyle modified the effect of ACEs on depressive symptoms.
Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.57%. 82.32% of college students experienced one or more type of ACEs. After adjusting for potential covariates, college students with higher levels of ACEs (≥ 4) had a higher odd of depressive symptoms (OR, 6.25; 95%CI, 5.42–7.21) compared to those with low levels of ACEs (0–1). An additive interaction between ACEs and lifestyle on depressive symptoms was found. There would be a 5.25 (RERI, 5.25; 95%CI, 1.91–8.60) relative excess risk because of the additive interaction in participants with high levels of ACEs accompanied by an unhealthy lifestyle, which accounted for 37% (AP, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19–0.54) of the odds of depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
Lifestyle interventions may be effective in preventing depressive symptoms among college students who have already experienced ACEs.
Synthesis and characterization of self-healing silica microspheres doped with epoxy resin and methyl-ethyl-ketone catalyst by a modified Stöber method
Authors: Oliveira Theogenes S , Batista Willame G S , Fernandes Rafael S , Balaban Rosângela C , Freitas Julio Cesar O , MARTINELLI ANTONIO EDUARDO
Published: November 2024

Silica microspheres doped with epoxy resin and methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) catalyst were synthesized using a modified Stöber method. The resulting material is a potential candidate as self-healing additive for cementing slurries, especially for oilwell applications. Once dispersed in a cementitious matrix, the microspheres with encapsulated material rupture under the stress caused by cracks or damage formed in the cement sheath, bringing the epoxy resin in contact with the catalyst. The resulting polymerization reaction slows down the growth of the crack. The encapsulation process was carried out using a variation of the Stöber method to obtain micro/nano silica spheres. The resulting material was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and BET surface area analysis. The results of the FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis confirm the presence of silica and the full encapsulation of resin and catalyst. SEM - EDS showed that the average size of the synthesized spheres is the range from 50 µm − 250 µm. BET analysis showed a superficial area of 46.785 m²/g and a pore volume of 0.0983 cm³/g for the doped silica microcapsules with epoxy resin. For the doped microcapsules with MEK, the surface area was 397.349 m²/g and the pore volume was 0.0280 cm³/g. SEM images showed that once added to a cement slurry, the synthesized capsules ruptured in the presence of cracks, releasing the reagents. The results showed that the synthesis process was successful for both encapsulated resin and catalyst.
Kangaroo mother care among hospitalised neonates: evaluation of validity of duration measurement methods compared to observation linked to the OMWaNA trial in Uganda
Authors: Tumukunde Victor S. , Sekitoleko Isaac , Opondo Charles , Nyirenda Moffat , Tann Cally J. , Lawn Joy E. , Medvedev Melissa M.
Published: November 2024

Background
Studies evaluating the impact of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on neonatal mortality and morbidity often rely on healthcare worker records or caregiver reports to measure intervention duration. However, the accuracy of these methods remains uncertain. We examined the validity of different methods of KMC duration measurement amongst neonates ≤ 2000g in Uganda.
Methods
This observational study was embedded within the OMWaNA trial, which examined the impact of KMC on neonatal mortality before clinical stability. An independent observer (considered the gold standard) monitored neonates every 2 hours to confirm KMC position, using an Android tablet-based application adapted from the EN-BIRTH study. The gold standard was compared to routine healthcare workers charting and caregiver diary reports of KMC.
Results
Among 222 caregiver-newborn pairs, 219 initiated KMC. The mean daily KMC duration recorded by the gold standard was 8·4 hours (SD 3·5). Healthcare workers reported an average of 8·5 hours (SD 4·0), while caregivers reported 10·4 hours (SD 3·8). The mean difference was 0·2 hours less for healthcare workers (95% CI -0·3 to 0·6) and 1·7 hours more for caregivers (-2·1 to -1·3) compared to the gold standard. Agreement rates for individual KMC episodes were 55·2% (95% CI 54·4–55·9) for healthcare workers and 58·2% (57·2–59·0) for caregivers. Participants with a helper (substitute KMC provider) had longer daily duration compared to those without (mean difference 1·89 hours [0·89 − 2·84]; p < 0·001).
Conclusion
Healthcare worker records provide a reasonably accurate estimate of KMC duration at the population level, supporting the integration of KMC indicators into national health information systems to facilitate monitoring and evaluation. Presence of a helper increases KMC duration, underscoring the need for research to identify strategies to increase family involvement.
Assessing Positive Youth Development in Colombia: Cultural Adaptation and Validation of a Positive Youth Development Scale
Authors: Velez-Gomez Paulina , Moratto-Vasquez Nadia , Sanchez-Acosta Daniela , Dodd Sara
Published: November 2024

As the Positive Youth Development (PYD) perspective is adopted in more youth programs, the need for valid and reliable measurement tools suitable for different contexts becomes vital. The Positive Youth Development Short-Form (PYD-SF) is a 34-item measure that reflects the Five Cs of PYD. This study aimed to adapt and examine the psychometric properties of the PYD-SF for Colombian adolescents. The factor structure (Confirmatory Factor Analysis), measurement invariance, and reliability (internal consistency) were examined. Participants were 1,189 adolescents aged 9–17 years old. The CFA supported a bifactor model of the PYD-SF, which was factorially invariant between gender and age groups. The scale demonstrated good reliability with an omega coefficient of 0.87. Findings indicate that the PYD-SF is a suitable tool for evaluating youth outcomes in program contexts in Colombia.
Radial artery calcification is a predictor of aortic stenosis development and progression after initiation of hemodialysis
Authors: Maeda Takuya , Nakata Junichiro , Nojiri Shuko , Kano Toshiki , Fukuzaki Haruna , Suzuki Kai , Io Hiroaki , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: November 2024

Aortic stenosis (AS) is an important prognostic cardiovascular disease. However, there are few reports on the factors contributing to AS progression in patients with hemodialysis (HD). Because human arterial tissue can be easily harvested during arteriovenous fistula (AVF) surgery, we focused on the association between arterial calcification and AS progression. This is the first study aimed to establish a link between radial artery calcification (RAC) level and AS progression in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). All segments of the radial artery were collected during AVF surgery and stained with the Von Kossa stain. Changes in peak flow velocity (ΔVmax) were calculated based on two echocardiographic findings, and the relationship between RAC level and ΔVmax was analyzed. In the univariate analysis, RAC level, baseline peak aortic jet velocity (Vmax), and age were found to contribute to ΔVmax. After adjusting for age, sex, presence of diabetes, and Vmax at HD initiation, RAC level emerged as an independent factor contributing to ΔVmax. In conclusion, A high RAC level may be a predictor of subsequent development and progression of AS after HD initiation. Our findings may help identify this high-risk group and provide targeted healthcare interventions.