bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of dependent variables on granule formulation using factorial design: microwave irradiation as one of the factor
Authors: Avula Prameela Rani , Veesam Hema
Published: June 2013

As traditional drug delivery poses many disadvantages such as difficulty in consumption, the granules were opted to replace tablet dosage forms available in the market. A 23 full factorial design was employed for the formulation and characterization of the granule dosage form of oxcarbazepine. From regression equations we can assess the impact of each factor on the response further contour plots helped to pre-analyze the desired target factor values, in addition optimization process helped to analyze the values of dependent variables. Thus as of the results achieved a preferred response of flow property and drug release was obtained. In the current study, an attempt has been made to minimize possible number of experiments in the formulation of granule dosage forms. Polyvidone is a hydrophilic binder and primellose is a good disintegrate to obtain higher dissolution rate. A part, microwave assisted drying process plays a major role in achieving desired flow properties of granules.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i7.15153 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, June 2013, 2(7): 115-118
Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of Fioria vitifolia
Authors: Mahalakshmi Krishnamoorthi , Natesan Senthil Kumar , Parthiban Kugalur Ganesan , Sekar Ganesan
Published: June 2013

Fioria vitifolia Linn., (Malvacae) has been extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of common cold, flu, and upper respiratory infections and also as an immune system booster. Steroids, flavonoids, and triterpenes, gossypin alkaloids have been isolated from the whole part of the plant. In the present study, the methanolic extract of dried plant of Fioria vitifolia (MEFV) was investigated for anti-inflammatory (carrageenan induced rat paw oedema) and anti-pyretic (brewers yeast induced pyrexia) activities. Pre-treatment with the extract (250-500mg/ kg, p. o) significantly prevented increase in volume of paw oedema in dose dependent manner. A maximal effect was observed at 500mg/kg which was comparable to diclofenac (20mg/kg, orally). Ceiling effect at the dose of 500mg/kg was observed. The anti-pyretic effect of MEFV (measured as % reduction in body temperature) was compared with paracetamol (150mg/kg, orally). MEFV in dose of 500mg/kg caused significant decrease in body temperature of rats. In conclusion, this study has established the anti-inflammatory activity and anti pyretic activity of Fioria vitifolia and thus, justifies the ethnicuses of the plant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i7.15154 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, June 2013, 2(7): 119-121
Antifungal properties of selected plants of Apocynaceae family against the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans
Authors: Wankhede Savita Bajrang , Routh Madhushree Madhumita , Rajput Sandeep Balsingh , Karuppayil Sankuny Mohan
Published: June 2013

The ethnobotanical evaluation of plant based chemicals has proven themselves greatly in last few decades. Plants have been a rich source of therapeutic agents and form the basis of traditional medicine system. On the basis of this, in vitro antifungal activities of extracts of Catharanthus roseus, Nerium oleander and Taberenemontana divaricata leaf extracts were evaluated in the present study by 96 well microtiter plate assays using human fungal pathogen Candida albicans ATCC90028 strain. The activity was measured by spectophotometric methods to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The Minimum Fungicidal Concentrations (MFC) for the extracts was also determined by a plate assay. The distilled water extract, petroleum ether extract, methanolic extract, ethyl acetate extract and sequential distilled water leaf extracts of all the plants showed potential activity against C. albicans ATCC 90028. The study ascertains the value of Apocynaceae plants, which could be of considerable interest to the development of new safer antifungals.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i7.15155 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, June 2013, 2(7): 122-125
Choledochochal Cyst
Authors: Mahbub-ul-Alam Md
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i1.15140Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2011) Vol. 2 (1): 3-5
Breast Diseases in Children and Adolescents - A Two Year Experience in a Private Hospital of Dhaka
Authors: Islam S , Morshed AKMA , Ali SA
Published: June 2013

Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of breast diseases in the children and adolescents in a single hospital and to evaluate the presentation and outcome of these diseases. Methods: This prospective study of childhood and adolescents (2-19years) breast diseases conducted on 47 patients over a period from January 2009 to December 2011. A total of 47 (forty seven) children and adolescents (<19yrs) who complained of a breast lump or pain or nipple symptoms were included for the study. History, clinical examination along with breast ultrasound imaging and cytology and/ or biopsy in some cases was done for diagnosis. Patients were categorized according to their clinical properties and inflammatory, benign and malignant cases were done necessary operations. Other lesions was on medical treatment and under observation and follow-up. Results: The commonest complain was lump followed by pain. Most patients present in the age group 16-19 years (87%). The commonest breast lesion was fibroadenoma(36%). Most of them occur in 16-19 years age group (29.7%). Fibrocystic disease (8.4%) and breast abscess(8.4%) are next 2 common diseases. Diagnostic approach is mostly conservative with ultrasonogram. Few cases need FNAC and excision biopsy. Secondary malignancy may be a possible diagnosis. Awareness is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i1.15157 Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2011) Vol. 2 (1): 12-16
Histological Analysis of Vascular and Collagen Tissues in the Ventral and Corresponding Dorsal Skin of Mid-Penile Hypospadiac Penis at the Meatal and Coronal Levels: A Comparative Study
Authors: Akan MAB , Amin MR , Sibli MMR , Shahinoor AM , Anisuzzaman M , Islam MN , Zaman MN
Published: June 2013

Background: Hypospadias where surgery is the only option to correct this birth defect which is usually associated with post-operative urethrocutaneous fistula formation even in best hands. The site of fistula is mostly at coronal level (80%) and less common at meatal level. Many factors are supposed to be responsible for causation of this fistula, important one is the developmentally defective ventral penile skin at and / or distal to the urethral meatus where some local healing factors like vascular and collagen tissues are insufficient. Objective: To determine histologically whether the ventral skin of hypospadiac penis at the meatal and coronal levels differ from the corresponding dorsal skin levels in terms of vascular and collagen tissue. Study design: Observational comparative study. Place of study: (1) Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Period of study: December 2008 to 15 May 2010. Materials & Methods: A total of 10 patients with mid-penile hypospadias without chordee were included in this study. Representative skin tissues were collected from ventral skin and corresponding dorsal skin of the meatal and coronal levels of every patient. Haematoxylin-eosin stained slides were prepared from each tissue specimen and were examined under microscope to determine the differences in blood vessels and collagen tissues distribution. Paired t test was used to test the significance of differences. Results: Significantly lower proportion of sectioned blood vessels was found in the ventral skin than in the dorsal skin at the coronal level. The proportion of sectioned collagen fibre bundles was also significantly lower in the dorsal skin than in the ventral skin at the coronal level. Conclusion: This study reveals difference in distribution of blood vessels and collagen fibre bundle in the ventral skin in comparison with corresponding dorsal skin of hypospadiac penis at meatal and coronal levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i1.15158 Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2011) Vol. 2 (1): 17-21
Outcome of Exernal and Internal Drainage of Urine after Anderson Hynes Pyeloplasty - A Comparative Study
Authors: Shahinoor AM , Shibli MMR , Akan MAB , Anisuzzaman M , Islam MN , Zaman MN , Siddiqui MTH
Published: June 2013

Background: Hydronephrosis in children is a common abnormality of the kidney. Surgical intervention in patient with hydronephrosis is to improve urinary drainage and to preserve renal function. Surgery (Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty: A-H pyeloplasty ) can be done with or without (Nephrostomy tube) D-J stent.Here we are describing our comparative experience between A-H pyeloplasty with D-J stent and A-H pyeloplasty with nephrostomy tube, at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU) to show the postoperative advantages of the former over the latter. Objectives: To assess functional outcome after A-H pyeloplasty with or without D-J stent in patients of unilateral hydronephrosis. Post operatively renal function was estimated after 3 months by DTPA renogram. Methods: It was a prospective study at Paediatric Surgery department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from April 2009 to October 2010. Twenty eight ( age, sex, side and type of operation matched) patients of unilateral hydronephrosis were included in the study and divided into two Groups: Group A (na =15) and Group B (nb=13) patients who underwent A-H pyeloplasty with D-J stent and A-H pyeloplasty with nephrostomy tube respectively. Child with bilateral hydronephrosis, hydronephrosis with associated anomalies like horseshoe kidney, ectopic kidney, solitary kidney, hydronephrosis with vesico ureteric reflux and redopyeloplasty were excluded in this study. Unpaired t test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis whereas postoperative hospital stay and renal functional improvement were used as parameters of the study. Results: For study Group A (A-H pyeloplasty with D-J stent) postoperative hospital stay were significantly lesser (P<0.00) than the GroupB ( A-H pyeloplasty with nephrostomy tube). Post operative split renal function and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Group A was improved (percentage) than Group B. Conclusion: This study reveals postoperative shorter hospital stay and improved postoperative split renal function in A-H pyeloplasty with D-J stent. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i1.15159 Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2011) Vol. 2 (1): 22-25
Short Term Outcome of Urethroplasty for Distal Hypospadias with Interrupted Suture Compared to continuous Suture
Authors: Shibli MMR , Hoque S , Shahinoor AM , Akan MAB , Zabeen S
Published: June 2013

Background: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies, occurring approximately 1in 200 to 1in 300 live birth. Urethrocutaneous fistula (U-C fistula), and meatal stenosis are the most common complication of hypospadias surgery. To reduce these complications there are different surgical procedures. Snodgrass technique is now the popular technique for its low complication rate and better cosmetic outcome. Objective: To explore the short term outcome of interrupted suture compared to continuos suture in snodgrass technique urethroplasty for distal penile hypospadias. Method: It was a randomized control trial study carried out in the department of Paediatric surgery, BSMMU during the period of June 2008 to September 2009. 32 patients with distal penile hypospadias were selected according to set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects who included in the study were randomly distributed in two groups. In group A odd number of patients and in group B even number of patients were included for randomization. Group A (interrupted suture) was treated as interventional group and Group B (continuous suture) as control group. Penile stent was removed on 8th and 10th POD after snodgrass technique of urethroplasty in coronal and subcoronal hypospadias respectively and observed for 4 weeks for two common complications- Urethrocutaneous fistula (U-C fistula), and meatal stenosis. Unpaired t test, Fishers exact test were used to see the level of significance. Result: In group A out of 16 subjects; 2 subjects (12.5%) develop Urethrocutaneous fistula and 1 subject (6.3%) had developed meatal stenosis. In group B out of 16 subjects 6 subjects (37.5%) had developed Urethrocutaneous fistula and 3 subjects (18.8%) developed meatal stenosis. Conclusion: Urethrocutaneous fistula (U-C fistula), and meatal stenosis are the most common complication of hypospadias repair and the occurrence of these two complications are less in interrupted suture than that of continuous suture in Snodgrass technique urethroplasty for distal hypospadias. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i1.15160 Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2011) Vol. 2 (1): 26-30
To Evaluate the Role of Vascularised Dorsal Dartos Flap in Snodgras Urethroplasty
Authors: Anisuzzaman M , Akan MAB , Ara R , Hasan MM , Zaman MN , Amin MR
Published: June 2013

Background: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly of male urethra. Surgical repair is the only treatment of this defect, but there is no single, universally acceptable technique for its repair . Snodgrass technique is now popular for its low complication rate, shorter operative time, vertically oriented slit like meatus and better cosmetic outcome. Objective: To evaluate the role of vascularized dorsal dartos pedicle flap over the neourethra in terms of postoperative urethrocutaneous fistula formation between two groups of patients of distal penile hypospadias. Methodology: Thirty two patients were included in this study. They were divided in group A and group B on the basis of serial number of patients. Snodgrass urethroplasty was done in group A considered as control and in group B, Snodgrass urethroplasty was done with additional dorsal dartos flap by buttonhole technique considered as interventional group. The outcome of both groups in terms of post operative urethrocutaneous fistula were evaluated. Results: In this study in group A, urethrocutaneous fistula developed in 6 patients out of 16 patients. Among the fistulas, 5 were situated at the coronal level and 1 at the hypospadiac meatus level. In group B, urethrocutaneous fistula developed in 1 patient out of 16 patients and the fistula occurred at the coronal level. In either group, all the fistulas are developed after removal of the catheter. In terms of post operative urethrocutaneous fistula formation in between the two groups, the results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Snodgrass urethroplasty with additional dorsal dartos flap by buttonhole technique have better outcome than without additional dorsal dartos flap in terms of postoperative fistula formation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i1.15161 Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2011) Vol. 2 (1): 31-35
Processing Fluency in the use oF Destination Websites
Authors: Tang Liang (Rebecca) , Jang Soocheong (Shawn) , Lee Seonjeong (Ally)
Published: June 2013

This study applies processing fluency theory in order to investigate its effectiveness in evaluating destination websites. Processing fluency reveals processes and manipulations that occur at different levels. It can be described as the ease with which externally presented stimuli (i.e.,
destination websites presented to users) are processed. This study investigates the impacts of four primary website features (information quality, ease of use, interactivity, and visual attractiveness) on processing fluency using destination websites. The results indicate that information
quality has the greatest impact on processing fluency, followed by ease of use, and interactivity. The study provides an innovative approach to understanding the effectiveness of destination websites and suggests strategies for website designers.
Taking Dogs to Tourism Activities: Testing a Pet-Related Constraint–Negotiation Model
Authors: Chen Annie , Peng Norman , Hung Kuang-Peng
Published: June 2013

This research's purpose is to examine the factors that affect pet owners' decisions when taking pets to participate in tourism activities. Unlike tourist traveling alone, pet owners must consider their own circumstances as well as the constraints their pets place on them. After examining
30 British dog owners' interview transcripts through interpretive approach and 388 British dog owners' surveys through structural equation modeling, the results show pet-associated constraints will negatively affect owners' motivation and behavior. however, motivated owners can still participate
if they have sufficient negotiation strategies. Contrary to the literature, owners' attachment with their pets will not directly cause them to take pets when participating in tourism activities.
Workplace Mobbing and Effects on Female Employees Health and Safety Needs and Turnover Cognitions
Authors: Education Derya Kara
Published: June 2013

The main objective of this study is to investigate workplace mobbing in Turkish hospitality industry and effects on female employees' health and safety needs and turnover cognitions. Application field of the research consists of 373 female employees who work at five-star hotel establishments
in Turkey. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Pearson product moment correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that high levels of mobbing activities are associated with lower levels of employee health and safety needs. Moreover, there
was no correlation between employees' turnover cognitions and managers mobbing behaviors.
Serum Pyridinoline Levels and Prediction of Severity of Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Krabben Annemarie , Knevel Rachel , Huizinga Tom W.J. , Cavet Guy , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H.M.
Published: June 2013

Objective.

Previous studies indicated that pyridinoline, a collagen crosslink in cartilage and bone, might be a good marker to predict joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although large prospective studies are lacking. We evaluated the predictive value of serum pyridinoline levels for joint destruction, both at baseline for longterm prediction and during the disease course for near-term prediction.

Methods.

Patients with early RA from the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic were studied. Radiographs at baseline and yearly during 7 years of followup were scored according to the Sharp-van der Heijde Scoring (SHS) method. Pyridinoline serum levels at baseline and during followup were measured by ELISA. The association between baseline pyridinoline levels and difference in SHS over 7 years was tested, with a multivariate normal regression model. Second, the association between pyridinoline levels determined during the disease course and progression of SHS over the next year was tested with a multivariable linear regression analysis.

Results.

Studying baseline pyridinoline serum levels in 437 patients revealed that the mean SHS over 7 years was 6% higher for every higher pyridinoline level (nmol/l) at baseline (p = 0.001). Subsequently, during followup (n = 184 patients) the progression in SHS in the upcoming year was 17% higher for every higher nmol/l pyridinoline level (p = 0.001). The area under the receiver-operation characteristic curve for rapid radiological progression was 0.59.

Conclusion.

Increased pyridinoline serum levels, both at baseline and during the disease course, are associated with more severe joint destruction during the coming year(s), although the predictive accuracy as a sole predictor was moderate.
Outcome of Pregnancy in Italian Patients with Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Priori Roberta , Gattamelata Angelica , Modesti Mariagrazia , Colafrancesco Serena , Frisenda Silvia , Minniti Antonina , Framarino-dei-Malatesta Marialuisa , Maset Marta , Quartuccio Luca , De Vita Salvatore , Bartoloni Elena , Alunno Alessia , Gerli Roberto , Strigini Francesca , Baldini Chiara , Tani Chiara , Mosca Marta , Bombardieri Stefano , Valesini Guido
Published: June 2013

Objective.

To investigate pregnancy and fetal outcomes in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).

Methods.

An obstetric history of 36 women with established diagnosis of pSS at pregnancy was obtained from a multicenter cohort of 1075 patients. In a subgroup case-control analysis, 12 deliveries in patients with pSS were compared with 96 control deliveries.

Results.

Thirty-six women (31 with anti-SSA/Ro and/or anti-SSB/La antibodies) with an established diagnosis of pSS had 45 pregnancies with the delivery of 40 newborns. Two miscarriages, 2 fetal deaths, and 1 induced abortion were recorded. Mean age at the first pregnancy was 33.9 years; mean number of pregnancies was 1.25; 18/40 (45%) cesarean births were delivered; mean pregnancy length was 38.5 weeks (range 32–43), with 6 preterm deliveries. The mean Apgar score at 5 min was 8.9, mean birthweight was 2920 g (range 826–4060 g). Congenital heart block (CHB) occurred in 2/40 (5%) newborns. The reported rate of breastfeeding for at least 1 month was 60.5%. In 4/40 pregnancies (10%) a flare of disease activity was observed within a year from delivery. In the case-control subgroup analysis, 12 deliveries were compared with 96 controls and no significant differences were found.

Conclusion.

Patients with pSS can have successful pregnancies, which might be followed by a mild relapse. CHB was the only cause of death for offspring of mothers with pSS.
Effectiveness of Critical Care Discharge Information in Supporting Early Recovery From Critical Illness
Authors: Bench Suzanne , Day Tina , Griffiths Peter , (Hons) BA
Published: June 2013

Providing patients with information can alleviate or reduce relocation stress, but how best to provide information to patients being discharged from critical care units is unclear. This narrative critical review describes (1) the current evidence base on the use of discharge information for adult critical care patients and (2) the extent of involvement of service users in the design and evaluation of such information. Seven publications reported data from 121 patients, 252 relatives, and 33 nurses. Overall evidence was of low quality but use of individualized information was associated with beneficial physical effects for patients and increased knowledge and satisfaction for their relatives. Findings highlight the significant gaps in our knowledge and understanding. The consequences of such findings for the future development of information that meets service users’ needs are discussed. Results should inform the design of future studies on this topic.
Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Children: An Evidence-Based Protocol
Authors: Cooper Virginia Bonsal , Haut Catherine
Published: June 2013

Ventilator-associated pneumonia, the second most common hospital-acquired infection in pediatric intensive care units, is linked to increased morbidity, mortality, and lengths of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit, adding tremendously to health care costs. Prevention is the most appropriate intervention, but little research has been done in children to identify necessary skills and strategies. Critical care nurses play an important role in identification of risk factors and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. A care bundle based on factors, including evidence regarding the pathophysiology and etiology of pneumonia, mechanical ventilation, duration of ventilation, and age of the child, can offer prompts and consistent prevention strategies for providers caring for children in the pediatric intensive care unit. Following the recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and adapting an adult model also can support this endeavor. Ultimately, the bedside nurse directs care, using best evidence to prevent this important health care problem.
The Healthy Skin Project: Changing Nursing Practice to Prevent and Treat Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Armour-Burton Teri , Fields Willa , Outlaw Lanie , Deleon Elvira
Published: June 2013

Background

Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers are serious clinical complications that can lead to increased length of stay, pain, infection, and, potentially, death. The surgical progressive care unit at Sharp Grossmont Hospital, San Diego, California, developed the multidisciplinary Healthy Skin Project to decrease the prevalence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers.

Methods

The previous treatment plan was reviewed and modified according to current evidence-based practice. The project consisted of 3 components: creation of a position for a unit-based wound liaison nurse, staff education, and involvement of the nursing assistants. The wound liaison nurse developed and conducted bimonthly skin audits, which revealed inconsistencies in clinical practice and documentation. Education for the staff was accomplished via a self-learning module, case presentations, and 1-on-1 training. In addition, a pressure ulcer algorithm tool was developed to demonstrate step-by-step wound management and documentation.

Results

From Spring 2003 through Summer 2006, the prevalence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers ranged from 0.0% to 18.92%, with a mean of 4.85%. After implementation of the project, the prevalence decreased to 0.0% for 17 of 20 quarters, through 2011.

Conclusion

Prevention and a multidisciplinary approach are effective in reducing the occurrence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers.
Myeloid Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Is Essential for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Mice
Authors: Scheerer Nina , Dehne Nathalie , Stockmann Christian , Swoboda Sandra , Baba Hideo A. , Neugebauer Agnes , Johnson Randall S. , Fandrey Joachim
Published: June 2013

The outstanding regeneration ability of skeletal muscle is based on stem cells that become activated and develop to myoblasts after myotrauma. Proliferation and growth of myoblasts result in self-renewal of skeletal muscle. In this article, we show that myotrauma causes a hypoxic microenvironment leading to accumulation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in skeletal muscle cells, as well as invading myeloid cells. To evaluate the impact of HIF-1 in skeletal muscle injury and repair, we examined mice with a conditional HIF-1α knockout targeted to skeletal muscle or myeloid cells in a model of soft tissue trauma. No differences in acute trauma size were detected between control and HIF-1α knockout mice. However, muscles of myeloid HIF-1α knockout mice showed a significant delay in myoblast proliferation and growth of regenerating myofibers, in association with decreased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in HIF-1α–deficient myeloid cells. Moreover, the removal of necrotic cell debris and the regeneration of endothelial cell structure were impaired in myeloid HIF-1α knockout mice that showed delayed invasion of macrophages to the injury site. Our findings for the first time, to our knowledge, demonstrate that myeloid HIF-1α is required for adequate skeletal muscle regeneration.
Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Efficiently Capture HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins via CD4 for Antigen Presentation
Authors: Sandgren Kerrie J. , Smed-Sörensen Anna , Forsell Mattias N. , Soldemo Martina , Adams William C. , Liang Frank , Perbeck Leif , Koup Richard A. , Wyatt Richard T. , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B. , Loré Karin
Published: June 2013

Advances in HIV-1 vaccine clinical trials and preclinical research indicate that the virus envelope glycoproteins (Env) are likely to be an essential component of a prophylactic vaccine. Efficient Ag uptake and presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) is important for strong CD4+ Th cell responses and the development of effective humoral immune responses. In this study, we examined the capacity of distinct primary human DC subsets to internalize and present recombinant Env to CD4+ T cells. Consistent with their specific receptor expression, skin DCs bound and internalized Env via C-type lectin receptors, whereas blood DC subsets, including CD1c+ myeloid DCs, CD123+ plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs), and CD141+ DCs exhibited a restricted repertoire of C-type lectin receptors and relied on CD4 for uptake of Env. Despite a generally poor capacity for Ag uptake compared with myeloid DCs, the high expression of CD4 on PDCs allowed them to bind and internalize Env very efficiently. CD4-mediated uptake delivered Env to EEA1+ endosomes that progressed to Lamp1+ and MHC class II+ lysosomes where internalized Env was degraded rapidly. Finally, all three blood DC subsets were able to internalize an Env-CMV pp65 fusion protein via CD4 and stimulate pp65-specific CD4+ T cells. Thus, in the in vitro systems described in this paper, CD4-mediated uptake of Env is a functional pathway leading to Ag presentation, and this may therefore be a mechanism used by blood DCs, including PDCs, for generating immune responses to Env-based vaccines.
Leishmania-Infected MHC Class IIhigh Dendritic Cells Polarize CD4+ T Cells toward a Nonprotective T-bet+ IFN-γ+ IL-10+ Phenotype
Authors: Resende Mariana , Moreira Diana , Augusto Jorge , Cunha Joana , Neves Bruno , Cruz Maria Teresa , Estaquier Jérôme , Cordeiro-da-Silva Anabela , Silvestre Ricardo
Published: June 2013

A differential behavior among infected and bystander dendritic cells (DCs) has been explored in different infection models. We have analyzed both populations sorted on contact with visceral Leishmania infantum on a susceptible mice model evaluating the subsequent repercussions on adaptive immune response. Our results demonstrate a clear dichotomy between the immunomodulatory abilities of bystander and infected DCs. The bystander population presents increased levels of IL-12p40 and costimulatory molecules being capable to induce CD4+ T cell activation with immune protective capabilities. In contrast, infected DCs, which express lower costimulatory molecules and higher levels of IL-10, promote the development of Leishmania Ag-specific, nonprotective T-bet+IFN-γ+IL-10+ CD4+ T cells with an effector phenotype. This specific polarization was found to be dependent on IL-12p70. Splenic infected DCs recovered from chronic infected animals are similarly capable to polarize ex vivo syngeneic naive CD4+ T cells toward a T-bet+IFN-γ+IL-10+ phenotype. Further analysis revealed that only MHC class IIhigh–infected DCs were responsible for this polarization. The adoptive transfer of such polarized CD4+ T cells facilitates visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice in a clear contrast with their counterpart generated with bystander DCs that significantly potentiate protection. Further, we demonstrated that CD4+ T cells primed by infected DCs in an IL-10 free system, thus deprived of T-bet+IFN-γ+IL-10+ population, restore the immune response and reduce parasite load, supporting a deleterious role of IFN-γ+IL-10+ T cells in the maintenance of infection. Overall, our results highlight novel subversion mechanisms by which nonprotective T-bet+IFN-γ+IL-10+ T cells are associated with chronicity and prolonged parasite persistence.
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity Suppresses IFN-γ Induction of Tripartite Motif 22 via CHIP-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation of IRF-1
Authors: Gao Bo , Wang Yaxin , Xu Wei , Li Shangshan , Li Qiao , Xiong Sidong
Published: June 2013

Tripartite motif (TRIM)22 plays an important role in IFN-mediated antiviral activity. We previously demonstrated that IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1 was crucial for basal and IFN-induced TRIM22 transcription via binding to a novel cis-element named 5′ extended IFN-stimulating response element. In this study, we investigated the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in TRIM22 induction by IFN-γ and its underlying mechanism. We found that the HDAC activity, especially that conferred by HDAC6, was required for IFN-γ–induced TRIM22 transcription. Importantly, inhibition of HDAC activity by trichostatin A (TSA) enhanced the hyperacetylation of heat shock protein (HSP)90 and suppressed its chaperone activity for IRF-1. Further study showed that TSA treatment promoted the proteasomal degradation of IRF-1 protein via enhancing the association of IRF-1 with the ubiquitin E3 ligase carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein. Moreover, carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein was found to be involved in the TSA-mediated inhibitory effect on IFN-γ induction of TRIM22 as well as other IRF-1–dependent IFN-stimulated genes. This study may provide novel insight into the role of HDAC activity in the transcriptional control of IFN-stimulated gene induction.
Ectopic Expression of Epidermal Antigens Renders the Lung a Target Organ in Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
Authors: Hata Tsuyoshi , Nishimoto Shuhei , Nagao Keisuke , Takahashi Hayato , Yoshida Kazue , Ohyama Manabu , Yamada Taketo , Asano Koichiro , Amagai Masayuki
Published: June 2013

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune disease of the skin and mucous membranes that can involve fatal lung complications. IgG autoantibodies target the cell adhesion molecules desmoglein (Dsg)3 and plakins, but the nature and targets of infiltrating T cells are poorly characterized. Moreover, the lung involvement in this skin Ag-specific autoimmune condition represents a paradox. To mimic autoimmunity in PNP, we grafted wild-type skin onto Dsg3−/− mice, which resulted in graft rejection and generation of anti-Dsg3 IgG and Dsg3-specific T cells. Transfer of splenocytes from these mice into Rag2−/− mice induced a combination of suprabasilar acantholysis and interface dermatitis, a histology unique to PNP. Furthermore, the recipient mice showed prominent bronchial inflammation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with high mortality. Intriguingly, ectopic Dsg3 expression was observed in the lungs of PNP mice, mirroring the observation that squamous metaplasia is often found in the lungs of PNP patients. Dsg3 and other epidermal Ags were ectopically expressed in the lungs after pulmonary injuries by naphthalene, which was sufficient for recruitment of Dsg3-specific CD4+ T cells. These findings demonstrate that squamous metaplasia after pulmonary epithelial injury may play a crucial role in redirecting the skin-specific autoimmune reaction to the lungs in PNP.
Concurrent and Convergent Validity of the Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire
Authors: Godwin Marshall , Pike Andrea , Bethune Cheri , Kirby Allison , Pike Adam
Published: June 2013

Lifestyle issues including physical activity, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and self-reported stress have all been shown to predispose people to higher risk of cardiovascular disease. This study provides further psychometrics on the Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire (SLIQ), a short, easy-to-use instrument which measures all these lifestyle characteristics as a single construct. One hundred and ninety-three individuals from St. John’s, Newfoundland, and Labrador, Canada completed the SLIQ and reference standards for diet, exercise, stress, and alcohol consumption. The reference standards were a detailed Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ), the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), the SF36 Health Status Questionnaire, and a survey of eight questions from a cardiovascular risk questionnaire. Physical activity score was compared with number of steps on a pedometer. Correlations between scores on the SLIQ and the reference standards were the SLIQ versus DHQ (r=0.679, P=0.001), SLIQ versus pedometer (r=0.455, P=0.002), SLIQ versus alcohol consumption (r=0.665, P=0.001), SLIQ versus SRRS (r=-0.264, P=0.001), SLIQ versus eight-question risk score (r=0.475, P=0.001), and SLIQ versus Question 1 on SF36 (r=0.303, P=0.001). The SLIQ is sufficiently valid when compared to reference standards to be useful as a brief assessment of an individual’s cardiovascular lifestyle in research and clinical settings.
Template‐Assisted Formation of Rattle‐type V2O5 Hollow Microspheres with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Wu Hao Bin , Pan Anqiang , Hng Huey Hoon , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: May 2013

In this work, rattle‐type ball‐in‐ball V2O5 hollow microspheres are controllably synthesized with the assistance of carbon colloidal spheres as hard templates. Carbon spheres@vanadium‐precursor (CS@V) core–shell composite microspheres are first prepared through a one‐step solvothermal method. The composition of solvent for the solvothermal synthesis has great influence on the morphology and structure of the vanadium‐precursor shells. V2O5 hollow microspheres with various shell architectures can be obtained after removing the carbon microspheres by calcination in air. Moreover, the interior hollow shell can be tailored by varying the temperature ramping rate and calcination temperature. The rattle‐type V2O5 hollow microspheres are evaluated as a cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries, which manifest high specific discharge capacity, good cycling stability and rate capability.
Order‐reduction of parabolic PDEs with time‐varying domain using empirical eigenfunctions
Authors: Izadi Mojtaba , Dubljevic Stevan
Published: May 2013

A novel methodology for the order‐reduction of parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) systems with time‐varying domain is explored. In this method, a mapping functional is obtained, which relates the time‐evolution of the solution of a parabolic PDE with time‐varying domain to a fixed reference domain, while preserving space invariant properties of the initial solution ensemble. Subsequently, the Karhunen–Loève decomposition is applied to the solution ensemble on fixed spatial domain resulting in a set of optimal eigenfunctions. Further, the low dimensional set of empirical eigenfunctions is mapped on the original time‐varying domain by an appropriate mapping, resulting in the basis for the construction of the reduced‐order model of the parabolic PDE system with time‐varying domain. This methodology is used in three representative cases, one‐ and two‐dimensional (1‐D and 2‐D) models of nonlinear reaction‐diffusion systems with analytically defined domain evolutions, and the 2‐D model of the Czochralski crystal growth process with nontrivial geometry. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4142–4150, 2013
Critical micelle concentration of an ammonium salt through DPD simulations using COSMO‐RS–based interaction parameters
Authors: Oviedo‐Roa Raúl , Martínez‐Magadán José M. , Muñoz‐Colunga Ana , Gómez‐Balderas Rodolfo , Pons‐Jiménez Mirna , Zamudio‐Rivera Luis S.
Published: May 2013

In order to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of aqueous dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), a screening of the DTAC gathering process at different molalities by performing dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations over mesomolecules whose beads interact via repulsive conservative forces was performed. Conductor‐like screening model for real solvent quantum methodology, applied to molecular segments that describe the DTAC chemistry and were mapped onto the DPD beads, allows us the computing of activity coefficients at infinite dilution to obtain thermodynamic Flory–Huggins interaction parameters, from which we calculated the maxima repulsive conservative forces, that is, the DPD interaction parameters. Results indicate that at room temperature the CMC is 0.0217 mol/kg, the aggregation number ranges from 46 to 54 molecules, and the aggregate radius varies from 19.58 to 22.02 Å; all values are in excellent agreement with literature reported experimental ones of 0.0213 mol/kg, 47
5 molecules, and 20.1 Å. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4413–4423, 2013
Element free Galerkin modeling of radiative hydromagnetic micropolar flow saturated Darcy medium with heat transfer over a stretching sheet with Joule heating
Authors: Sharma Rajesh
Published: May 2013

In this paper, the effect of thermal radiation on heat transfer in the steady, incompressible hydromagnetic flow of an electrically conducting, micropolar fluid through a Darcian porous medium adjacent to a stretching sheet under a uniform transverse magnetic field has been examined. The partial differential conservation equations governing the flow regime have been nondimensionalized using appropriate similarity transformations and the resulting ordinary differential equations have been solved numerically by using the element‐free Galerkin method. The influence of dimensional less flow parameters on the velocity, microrotation, and temperature distribution have been studied graphically. Excellent correlation of selected results has been achieved with the finite element method. Dimensionless temperatures have been shown to be considerably increased with higher thermal radiation contribution. The flow is also shown to be decelerated in the boundary layer with increasing magnetic field, whereas microrotation of the micro‐elements is amplified with increasing magnetic field and temperatures are also elevated. Increasing porosity of the regime accelerates the flow and also boosts microrotation on the surface of sheet but depresses temperatures in the regime. The mathematical model has important applications in polymeric sheet processing at high temperatures, magnetic materials processing, hydromagnetic control of conducting polymeric sheets, and so on. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sixty years of citation analysis studies in the humanities (1951–2010)
Authors: Ardanuy Jordi
Published: May 2013

This article provides an overview of studies that have used citation analysis in the field of humanities in the period 1951 to 2010. The work is based on an exhaustive search in databases—particularly those in library and information science—and on citation chaining from papers on citation analysis. The results confirm that use of this technique in the humanities is limited, and although there was some growth in the 1970s and 1980s, it has stagnated in the past 2 decades. Most of the work has been done by research staff, but almost one third involves library staff, and 15% has been done by students. The study also showed that less than one fourth of the works used a citation database such as the Arts & Humanities Citation Index and that 21% of the works were in publications other than library and information science journals. The United States has the greatest output, and English is by far the most frequently used language, and 13.9% of the studies are in other languages.
Evolving academic library specialties
Authors: Cox Andrew M. , Corrall Sheila
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this review is to examine the shaping of librarianship in the academic context through the literature of career specialties, with Abbott's (1988) system of professions providing an analytic framework. The specialties investigated are systems librarian, electronic resource librarian, digital librarian, institutional repository manager, clinical librarian and informationist, digital curator/research data manager, teaching librarian/information literacy educator, and information and knowledge manager. Piecemeal literature based on job advertisements, surveys, and individual case studies is consolidated to offer a novel perspective on the evolution of the profession. The resilience of the profession's core jurisdiction is apparent despite pressures to erode it. Forays into teaching, and more recently into open access and data management, can be understood as responses to such pressure. The attractions but also the risks of embedded roles and overextended claims become apparent when comparing past and prospective specialties.
Undergraduates' personal academic information management and the consideration of time and task‐urgency
Authors: Mizrachi Diane , Bates Marcia J.
Published: May 2013

Young undergraduate college students are often described as “digital natives,” presumed to prefer living and working in completely digital information environments. In reality, their world is part‐paper/part‐digital, in constant transition among successive forms of digital storage and communication devices. Studying for a degree is the daily work of these young people, and effective management of paper and digital academic materials and resources contributes crucially to their success in life. Students must also constantly manage their work against deadlines to meet their course and university requirements. This study, following the “Personal Information Management” (PIM) paradigm, examines student academic information management under these various constraints and pressures. A total of 41 18‐ to 22‐year‐old students were interviewed and observed regarding the content, structure, and uses of their immediate working environment within their dormitory rooms. Students exhibited remarkable creativity and variety in the mixture of automated and manual resources and devices used to support their academic work. The demands of a yearlong procession of assignments, papers, projects, and examinations increase the importance of time management activities and influence much of their behavior. Results provide insights on student use of various kinds of information technology and their overall planning and management of information associated with their studies.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Domino Michael/Aldol Reactions: An Efficient Procedure for the Stereocontrolled Construction of 2H‐Thiopyrano[2,3‐b]quinoline Scaffolds
Authors: Wu Lulu , Wang Youming , Song Haibin , Tang Liangfu , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi
Published: May 2013

An efficient procedure for the stereocontrolled construction of 2H‐thiopyrano[2,3‐b]quinoline scaffolds has been developed, starting from simple compounds. The domino Michael/aldol reactions between 2‐mercaptobenzaldehydes and enals, promoted by chiral diphenylprolinol TMS ether, proceed with excellent chemo‐ and enantioselectivity to give the corresponding synthetically useful and pharmaceutically valuable 2H‐thiopyrano[2,3‐b]quinolines in high yields with 90–99 % ee.
Strain‐ and temperature‐dependent changes of fatty acid composition in Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Blastobotrys adeninivorans
Authors: Olstorpe Matilda , Pickova Jana , Kiessling Anders , Passoth Volkmar
Published: May 2013

The fatty acid (FA) profiles of two strains of the yeasts Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Blastobotrys (Arxula) adeninivorans at cultivation temperatures from 15 to 30 °C were characterized. Besides the common even‐numbered C16 and C18 FAs, substantial proportions of the uneven‐numbered C17:1 were found in both species. C18:3(n‐3) (alpha linolenic acid) made up to 3% of the total FAs in all strains. Considerable strain differences occurred, with regard to both the presence of single FAs and parameters like the double binding index (DBI) and C16:C18 ratio. W. anomalus J121 formed C18:1(n‐5) (up to 10.9% of the total FAs) but no C18:1(n‐7), whereas in W. anomalus VKM160, no C18:1(n‐5) was found but up to 14.6% C18:1(n‐7). Similarly, B. adeninivorans CBS 8244 formed exclusively C18:1(n‐7) (maximum 9%) and CBS 7377 C18:1(n‐5) (maximum 12.6%). W. anomalus J121 had the lowest DBI (0.72) at 15 °C and the highest (0.92) at 20 °C, at which point the values decreased with increasing temperatures. In W. anomalus VKM160 and both B. adeninivorans strains, DBI was highest at 15 °C and decreased with increasing temperature. In J121, the C16:C18 ratio was highest at 15 °C, decreasing at higher temperatures, whereas in the other strains, the opposite trend was observed.