bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipidomic analyses of five Carya illinoinensis cultivars
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Wang Fei , Hu Tian , Zhou Chun‐hua
Published: August 2023

Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, nuts are a renowned health food. However, there are many cultivars of this nut tree, and their mature kernel lipid composition has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) to analyze the lipid composition of mature nuts of five C. illinoinensis cultivars. In the mature kernels of all cultivars, there were 58 lipid types which were mainly composed of glycerolipids (c. 65%) and phospholipids (>30%). Triacylglycerol (TG) accounted for the largest proportion of mature nuts of all cultivars, exceeding 50%; and diacylglycerol (DG), ceramide (Cer), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were also relatively high. Additionally, nuts contain fatty acids, mainly oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Our research provides a new perspective for the processing and utilization of plant and edible oils, and for the use of C. illinoinensis kernels in the development of medicine and food science.
The optimal time to buy and hold stock in a reversal
Authors: Han Xuyuan , Liu Zhenya
Published: August 2023

Investors cannot anticipate a return reversal in the stock market. Therefore, choosing the optimal time to buy and hold a stock is vital. This paper formulates a disorder problem using the optimal stopping theory to study the optimal time to buy and hold a stock when a downward trend is about to reverse. The results show that investors should buy a stock when the conditional probability of a return reversal hits an optimal boundary for the first time. The optimal boundary is uniquely determined by the stock return, volatility, and the intensity of return reversal. Moreover, the optimal boundary decreases as the stock volatility and the intensity of return reversal increase. We use the China Securities Index 300 (CSI 300), Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500), Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), and Russell 2000 indexes to estimate the parameters and the related optimal boundary. We find that the estimated optimal boundary can be used to time stock buying.
Associations between early family environment and ideal number of children
Authors: Karhunen Oona , Jokela Markus , Golovina Kateryna
Published: August 2023

Childhood family is vital for the formation of fertility preferences and attitudes towards family life. Yet previous studies mainly focused on structural aspects of the family, whereas the role of perceptions of one's family in relation to fertility preferences remained largely understudied. This study examined how different aspects of the early family environment (i.e. relationships with parents, happiness in childhood, parental conflicts, family resources, as well as family structure) are related to the ideal number of children reported in adulthood. Using representative cross‐sectional survey data from the Finnish Family Barometer 2015, the sample comprised men and women aged 20–45 with and without children. Poisson regression models indicated that a higher number of siblings was associated with a higher ideal number of children, whereas living in a single‐parent household and overall negative perceptions of parents were related to a lower ideal number of children independent of various socio‐demographic characteristics. Further analyses showed that these family characteristics were associated with the ideal number of children mainly among childless people but not among parents. The findings suggest that the early family environment is related to the formation of the ideal number of children, especially for childless people.
An effective human monkeypox classification using vision transformer
Authors: Aloraini Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Monkeypox virus has become a popular disease as many people have been recently infected with this virus around the world. This virus causes fears of another global pandemic similar to COVID‐19 pandemic. Therefore, it is important to determine infected people at an early stage to reduce the spread of this virus. Creating an automatic approach to detect monkeypox virus is a challenging problem due to the similar appearance between skin infections. Currently, deep convolutional neural network approaches have been used in detecting and classifying skin infections. However, these approaches sever from certain challenges such as being unable to capture the global context and low accuracy rate. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on vision transformer to automatically detect monkeypox virus in skin images. We fine‐tune vision transformer for the human monkeypox classification problems. This fine‐tuned vision transformer splits an image into image patches and then these patches are used as input to the transformer in a sequence structure, followed by added layers to detect monkeypox virus. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves excellent detection accuracy using a public dataset.
Differential proteomics argues against a general role for CD9, CD81 or CD63 in the sorting of proteins into extracellular vesicles
Authors: Fan Yé , Pionneau Cédric , Cocozza Federico , Boëlle Pierre‐Yves , Chardonnet Solenne , Charrin Stéphanie , Théry Clotilde , Zimmermann Pascale , Rubinstein Eric
Published: August 2023

The tetraspanins CD9, CD81 and CD63 are major components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Yet, their impact on EV composition remains under‐investigated. In the MCF7 breast cancer cell line CD63 was as expected predominantly intracellular. In contrast CD9 and CD81 strongly colocalized at the plasma membrane, albeit with different ratios at different sites, which may explain a higher enrichment of CD81 in EVs. Absence of these tetraspanins had little impact on the EV protein composition as analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry. We also analysed the effect of concomitant knock‐out of CD9 and CD81 because these two tetraspanins play similar roles in several cellular processes and associate directly with two Ig domain proteins, CD9P‐1/EWI‐F/PTGFRN and EWI‐2/IGSF8. These were the sole proteins significantly decreased in the EVs of double CD9‐ and CD81‐deficient cells. In the case of EWI‐2, this is primarily a consequence of a decreased cell expression level. In conclusion, this study shows that CD9, CD81 and CD63, commonly used as EV protein markers, play a marginal role in determining the protein composition of EVs released by MCF7 cells and highlights a regulation of the expression level and/or trafficking of CD9P‐1 and EWI‐2 by CD9 and CD81.
TP53 mutations correlate with the non‐coding RNA content of small extracellular vesicles in melanoma
Authors: Labbé Maureen , Menoret Estelle , Letourneur Franck , Saint‐Pierre Benjamin , de Beaurepaire Laurence , Veziers Joëlle , Dreno Brigitte , Denis Marc G. , Blanquart Christophe , Boisgerault Nicolas , Fonteneau Jean‐François , Fradin Delphine
Published: August 2023

Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression. They are expressed not only in cells, but also in cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). The mechanisms controlling their loading and sorting remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of TP53 mutations on the non‐coding RNA content of small melanoma EVs. After purification of small EVs from six different patient‐derived melanoma cell lines, we characterized them by small RNA sequencing and lncRNA microarray analysis. We found that TP53 mutations are associated with a specific micro and long non‐coding RNA content in small EVs. Then, we showed that long and small non‐coding RNAs enriched in TP53 mutant small EVs share a common sequence motif, highly similar to the RNA‐binding motif of Sam68, a protein interacting with hnRNP proteins. This protein thus may be an interesting partner of p53, involved in the expression and loading of the ncRNAs. To conclude, our data support the existence of cellular mechanisms associate with TP53 mutations which control the ncRNA content of small EVs in melanoma.
Social capital effects on resilience to food insecurity: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Egamberdiev Bekhzod
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the role of social capital in terms of trust and group membership in building household resilience to food insecurity. Using detailed ‘Life in Kyrgyzstan’ multi‐topic panel data, the research estimates resilience to food insecurity through the Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis (RIMA) approach, including different pillars and a resilience capacity index. The impact of social capital on resilience pillars and capacity is estimated using IV models for multiple endogenous variables. The results suggest that both trust and group membership positively affect resilience pillars and capacity.
Mechanical stress and inflammation have opposite effects on Wnt signaling in human chondrocytes
Authors: Timmermans Ritchie G. M. , Blom Arjen B. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Broekhuis Demiën , van der Kraan Peter M. , Meulenbelt Ingrid , van den Bosch Martijn H. J. , Ramos Yolande F. M.
Published: August 2023

Dysregulation of Wingless and Int‐1 (Wnt) signaling has been strongly associated with development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we set out to investigate the independent effects of either mechanical stress (MS) or inflammation on Wnt signaling in human neocartilage pellets, and to relate this Wnt signaling to OA pathophysiology. OA synovium‐conditioned media (OAS‐CM) was collected after incubating synovium from human end‐stage OA joints for 24 h in medium. Cytokine levels in the OAS‐CM were determined with a multiplex immunoassay (Luminex). Human neocartilage pellets were exposed to 20% MS, 2% OAS‐CM or 1 ng/mL Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Effects on expression levels of Wnt signaling members were determined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the expression of these members in articular cartilage from human OA joints was analyzed in association with joint space narrowing (JSN) and osteophyte scores. Protein levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor α, and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor positively correlated with each other. MS increased noncanonical WNT5A and FOS expression. In contrast, these genes were downregulated upon stimulation with OAS‐CM or IL‐1β. Furthermore, Wnt inhibitors DKK1 and FRZB decreased in response to OAS‐CM or IL‐1β exposure. Finally, expression of WNT5A in OA articular cartilage was associated with increased JSN scores, but not osteophyte scores. Our results demonstrate that MS and inflammatory stimuli have opposite effects on canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in human neocartilage. Considering the extent to which MS and inflammation contribute to OA in individual patients, we hypothesize that targeting specific Wnt pathways offers a more effective, individualized approach.
Parvovirus in dermatology: A review
Authors: Pudasaini Prajwal , Das Kinnor , Gorai Suraljit , Paudel Sushil , G.C. Sagar , Adhikari Sadiksha , Thapa Bibechan , Kurien Ann John
Published: August 2023

Parvovirus B19 is a small nonenveloped single‐stranded DNA virus belonging to the parvoviridae family. The dermatological manifestations are varied ranging from infective to inflammatory, but the most common among infective etiologies is erythema infectiosum, also known as the fifth disease or ‘slapped cheek’ disease, which is mildly contagious. Clinical corroboration of symptoms and signs with serum antibody levels has been seen in acute and persistent parvoviral infections. Other dermatological manifestations of parvovirus B19 infections include erythema multiforme, vasculitis, reticular erythema, maculopapular eruptions, pustular eruptions, papular‐purpuric gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS) and Gianotti‐Crosti syndrome. Skin lesions are quite characteristic and begin with oedema and erythema symmetrically localized to the hands and feet. Subsequently, petechial and purpuric changes appear varying from a few millimetres in diameter to larger, confluent patches. The primary target of parvovirus B19 is the hematopoietic‐erythroid cell line, specifically near the pronormoblast stage and the vulnerability to cellular damage increases along the differentiation lineage. There's multimodal clinical phenotypic presentation seen in parvoviral infections. Among the clinical expression of HPV B19 infections, the most common is dermatologic, however other manifestations such as rheumatologic and hematologic are not uncommon. However, some infections can be asymptomatic, especially in immunocompetent hosts, whereas in others with haematological abnormalities, these can lead to aplastic cellular crises.
Applications of multi‐omics analysis in human diseases
Authors: Chen Chongyang , Wang Jing , Pan Donghui , Wang Xinyu , Xu Yuping , Yan Junjie , Wang Lizhen , Yang Xifei , Yang Min , Liu Gong‐Ping
Published: August 2023

Multi‐omics usually refers to the crossover application of multiple high‐throughput screening technologies represented by genomics, transcriptomics, single‐cell transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, spatial transcriptomics, and so on, which play a great role in promoting the study of human diseases. Most of the current reviews focus on describing the development of multi‐omics technologies, data integration, and application to a particular disease; however, few of them provide a comprehensive and systematic introduction of multi‐omics. This review outlines the existing technical categories of multi‐omics, cautions for experimental design, focuses on the integrated analysis methods of multi‐omics, especially the approach of machine learning and deep learning in multi‐omics data integration and the corresponding tools, and the application of multi‐omics in medical researches (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, aging, and drug target discovery) as well as the corresponding open‐source analysis tools and databases, and finally, discusses the challenges and future directions of multi‐omics integration and application in precision medicine. With the development of high‐throughput technologies and data integration algorithms, as important directions of multi‐omics for future disease research, single‐cell multi‐omics and spatial multi‐omics also provided a detailed introduction. This review will provide important guidance for researchers, especially who are just entering into multi‐omics medical research.
Noonan syndrome: rhGH treatment and PTPN11 mutation
Authors: Wu Xian , Wu Jiali , Yuan Yi , Yang Li , Yu Lirong
Published: August 2023

Objective

To analyze the clinical data and genetic characteristics of Noonan syndrome, both the effect and side effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment.

Methods

We collected clinical data from 8 children with Noonan syndrome diagnosed from November 2017 to June 2021. The diagnosis was clarified by exome second‐generation sequencing and parental PCR‐NGS validation and interpretation of the preceding evidence, and growth hormone therapy was administered. Of the cases, four males and four females were seen for slow height growth and the median age at diagnosis was 8 years 7 months (1 year 7 months to 12 years 6 months).

Results

Here, 7 children were treated with rhGH. Compared to the pre‐treatment period, the growth rate increased after rhGH treatment [3.7 ± 0.5 cm/year before treatment and 8.0 ± 1.0 cm/year after treatment, p < 0.01], with the maximum growth rate between 3 and 6 months of treatment and decreasing with the duration of treatment thereafter. The growth hormone treatment was discontinued and the orthopedic consultation was ordered with regular follow‐up, which was considered to be related to the PTPN11 mutation.

Conclusion

Noonan syndrome is characterized by slow growth, short stature, mental retardation, peculiar facial features, structural heart abnormalities and abnormal bone metabolism. and osteochondroma was found after case 2 rhGH treatment. Genetic examination is mostly caused by PTPN11 mutation. It is recommended to pay attention to bone metabolism abnormalities before growth hormone treatment, especially in children with PTPN11 mutations.
Micronutrients in High‐Fat Diet Modify Insulin Resistance and Its Regulatory Genes in Adult Male Mice
Authors: Yang Zeyu , Kubant Ruslan , Cho Clara E. , Kranenburg Eva , Beaudry Jacqueline , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Anderson G. Harvey
Published: August 2023

Scope

Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are associated with epigenetic changes of gene expression. However, the relationship between micronutrients, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and IR during development of diet‐induced obesity has yet to be defined. Our objective is to describe the effect of micronutrient addition to diets on IR and its related genes during obesity development.

Methods and results

Male C57BL/6J mice are fed a high‐fat (HFD) or low‐fat (LFD) diets with or without a multi‐vitamin mineral mix (MVM) addition containing vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, and Zn, and Se for 9 weeks. Compared to LFD mice, HFD mice have higher body weight, IR, fasting glucose, insulin, C‐peptide, leptin, and hepatic triglyceride concentrations, and dysregulated gene expression in liver, muscle, pancreas, and fat tissues (p < 0.05). The addition of MVM reduces these HFD‐induced effects. HFD downregulates 27 genes associated with insulin regulation and adipose tissue function across all tissues by an average of 47% and upregulates five genes by 230% (p < 0.001). Adding MVM downregulates five genes and upregulates one in HFD‐fed mice. Both HFD and MVM alter one‐carbon metabolites.

Conclusion

Addition of micronutrients to the HFD decreases IR and modifies associated gene expression in obese and lean mice.
Individually tailored spatial–spectral pulsed CEST MRI for ratiometric mapping of myocardial energetic species at 3T
Authors: Ayala Cindy , Luo Huiwen , Godines Kevin , Alghuraibawi Wissam , Ahn Sinyeob , Rehwald Wolfgang , Grissom William A. , Vandsburger Moriel H.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

CEST MRI has been used to probe changes in cardiac metabolism via assessment of CEST contrast from Cr. However, B1 variation across the myocardium leads to spatially variable Cr CEST contrast in healthy myocardium.

Methods

We developed a spatial–spectral (SPSP) saturation pulsed CEST protocol to compensate for B1 variation. Flip angle maps were used to individually tailor SPSP pulses comprised of a train of one‐dimensional spatially selective subpulses selective along the principal B1 gradient dimension. Complete Z‐spectra in the hearts of (n = 10) healthy individuals were acquired using conventional Gaussian saturation and SPSP schemes and supported by phantom studies.

Results

In simulations, the use of SPSP pulses reduced the average SD of the effective saturation B1 values within the myocardium (n = 10) from 0.12 ± 0.02 μT to 0.05 ± 0.01 μT (p < 0.01) and reduced the average SD of Cr CEST contrast in vivo from 10.0 ± 4.3% to 6.1 ± 3.5% (p < 0.05). Results from the hearts of human subjects showed a significant reduction of CEST contrast distribution at 2 ppm, as well as amplitude, when using SPSP saturation. Corresponding phantom experiments revealed PCr‐specific contrast generation at body temperature when SPSP saturation was used but combined PCr and Cr contrast generation when Gaussian saturation was used.

Conclusion

The use of SPSP saturation pulsed CEST resulted in PCr‐specific contrast generation and enabled ratiometric mapping of PCr to total Cr CEST contrast in the human heart at 3T.
SANISAND‐C*: Simple ANIsotropic constitutive model for SAND with Cementation
Authors: Landivar Macias Andony , Rotta Loria Alessandro F.
Published: August 2023

Cemented sands exhibit superior mechanical properties compared to clean sands. Based on this evidence, ground improvement methods are increasingly employed to induce cementing reactions that can bind the solid particles of sands and other soils for the ultimate enhancement of their properties and behavior. Despite increasing ground improvement applications, constitutive models capable of capturing cementation effects on the mechanics of sands remain scarce. This article presents SANISAND‐C*: a constitutive model developed in the framework of bounding surface and critical state plasticity to capture cementation effects on the mechanics of sands. In this paper, the mathematical formulation of this model is presented first. Then, a vast amount of experimental data available for different materials (i.e., types of sand), loading conditions (i.e., stress levels and paths), and cementation types (i.e., natural and artificial cementations) is used to validate the model. Based on the comparison between experimental and simulation results, this work finally discusses the capabilities and limitations of the proposed model, highlighting that it can realistically capture key properties of cemented sands: increased strength and stiffness, increased dilatancy, and bond destructuration upon loading.
Analytical solution for heat exchange in energy pile ground considering smear effects
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Ni Junjun , Liu Yang , Gong Wenhui
Published: August 2023

Due to the installation of energy piles, the surrounding soil will be inevitably disturbed, leading to a smaller void ratio and larger thermal conductivity. This study proposes a new closed‐form solution to calculate the heat exchange of energy pile foundations considering smear effects on the different soil thermal properties in the smear zone and undisturbed zone. The analytical model adopts the separation of variables to solve the governing equations. The eigenvalues are obtained according to a series of recurrence formulas and a transcendental equation. The solution is verified against existing analytical solutions in literature and numerical simulation, and an excellent agreement is obtained. The parametric study shows that a larger thermal conductivity of the soil in the smear zone results in a lower temperature at any given time. If the smear effects are not considered, the temperature will be overpredicted, especially for the pile and the soil in the smear zone. The proposed solution precisely predicts the soil temperature in the smear zone and undisturbed zone, which can contribute to the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of energy pile foundations in further work.
Volume‐based subset selection
Authors: Osinsky Alexander
Published: August 2023

This paper provides a fast algorithm for the search of a dominant (locally maximum volume) submatrix, generalizing the existing algorithms from to submatrix columns, where is the number of searched rows. We prove the bound on the number of steps of the algorithm, which allows it to outperform the existing subset selection algorithms in either the bounds on the norm of the pseudoinverse of the found submatrix, or the bounds on the complexity, or both.
Multi‐omics approach to socioeconomic disparity in metabolic syndrome reveals roles of diet and microbiome
Authors: Bishehsari Faraz , Drees Michael , Adnan Darbaz , Sharma Deepak , Green Stefan , Koshy Jane , Giron Leila B. , Goldman Aaron , Abdel‐Mohsen Mohamed , Rasmussen Heather E. , Miller Gregory E , Keshavarzian Ali
Published: August 2023

The epidemy of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is typically preceded by adoption of a “risky” lifestyle (e.g., dietary habit) among populations. Evidence shows that those with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at an increased risk for MetS. To investigate this, we recruited 123 obese subjects (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30) from Chicago. Multi‐omic data were collected to interrogate fecal microbiota, systemic markers of inflammation and immune activation, plasma metabolites, and plasma glycans. Intestinal permeability was measured using the sugar permeability testing. Our results suggest a heterogenous metabolic dysregulation among obese populations who are at risk of MetS. Systemic inflammation, linked to poor diet, intestinal microbiome dysbiosis, and gut barrier dysfunction may explain the development of MetS in these individuals. Our analysis revealed 37 key features associated with increased numbers of MetS features. These features were used to construct a composite metabolic‐inflammatory (MI) score that was able to predict progression of MetS among at‐risk individuals. The MI score was correlated with several markers of poor diet quality as well as lower levels of gut microbial diversity and abnormalities in several species of bacteria. This study reveals novel targets to reduce the burden of MetS and suggests access to healthy food options as a practical intervention.
Colloidal, Functional, Piezoelectric BaTiO3‐Au Nanohybrid for Wireless Cell Therapy
Authors: Dolai Jayanta , Sarkar Abu Raihan , Das Sampad , Jana Nikhil Ranjan
Published: August 2023

Ultrasound‐assisted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from piezoelectric nanomaterial offers unique wireless therapeutic approach in remote places. In the previous work, piezoelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanorod have been synthesized and used for wireless cell therapy. However, the piezoelectric property of BaTiO3 nanorod needs further improvement for diverse applications. In this work, it is shown that gold nanoparticle conjugation with BaTiO3 nanorod (BaTiO3‐Au) can significantly enhance the piezoelectric performance with the piezoelectric constant value of 110 pm V−1. The colloidal BaTiO3‐Au is further functionalized with folate for selective targeting of folate‐overexpressed cancer cells and used for wireless cell therapy via intracellular ROS generation under ultrasound exposure. The synthesized colloidal nanohybrid can be used for various therapeutic applications.
Ultrasmall CoSe2 Nanoparticles Grown on MoS2 Nanofilms: A New Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liang Jia , Yang Yingchao , Zhang Jing , Dong Pei , Lou Jun
Published: August 2023

Non‐noble‐metal‐based and earth‐abundant electrocatalysts have been extensively investigated for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, they still suffer from large Tafel slopes and high overpotentials, resulting in inferior HER catalytic activity. Herein, a novel, cost‐effective, and electrochemically stable catalyst is presented by growing ultrasmall CoSe2 nanoparticles on MoS2 nanofilms using a facile hydrothermal method. The CoSe2/MoS2 hybrid catalyst shows superior catalytic activity in HER to both CoSe2 or MoS2 alone and their physical mixture. With the Tafel slope as small as 37.8 mV dec−1, the CoSe2/MoS2 shows excellent catalytic properties for HER in an acidic solution. The promising performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of CoSe2 nanoparticles and MoS2 nanofilms. In addition, the catalytic activity of the CoSe2/MoS2 catalyst is almost unchanged after 1000 cyclic voltammetric sweeps, indicating its long‐term durability under acidic conditions.
Deterministic Hyperparallel Control Gates with Weak Kerr Effects
Authors: Du Fang‐Fang , Fan Gang , Ren Xue‐Mei , Ma Ming
Published: August 2023

By harnessing weak cross‐Kerr nonlinearities, it proposes two deterministic hyperparallel quantum control gates, including the hyperparallel controlled‐NOT (hyper‐CNOT) gate and hyperparallel Fredkin (hyper‐Fredkin) gate for photonic systems in the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs), which are composed of two procedures for the implementations of the first polarized control (CNOT and Fredkin) gates and the second spatial control (CNOT and Fredkin) ones in turn. Moreover, compared with the two two‐photon CNOT gates (three‐photon Fredkin gates) in one DoF, the hyper‐CNOT (hyper‐Fredkin) gate is provided with more straightforward quantum circuits, lower computational costs of resource overhead (without the assistance of single photons or entangled states), less cross‐Kerr nonlinear interactions between three photons and the coherent states, and reduces the effect caused by photon‐loss noise. The success probabilities of two quantum control gates are approximated unit by performing the corresponding classical feed‐forward operations based on the different measuring outcomes of the X‐homodyne detectors to be aimed at the coherent states, and they are robust against the photon loss as well, which are feasible with the current technology and convenient in practical applications.
How efficiently are we using our understanding of the tacit dimension of teaching?
Authors: Enow L. O.
Published: August 2023

This paper considers the tacit dimension of teaching. Policy and research focused on teaching have addressed the explicit application of knowledge within the field. This paper views knowledge from the positions of explicit knowledge, and implicit or tacit knowledge. Although widely acknowledged as a contributing constituent of teachers' practice, there has been limited research on tacit knowledge in teaching. The nature of teachers' work generates evidence from observable behaviour and action, and has contributed significantly to contemporary research on practice. Where there is a gap in similar expanse of research is on the understanding of the non‐observables and implicit or tacit knowledge which informs practice. This area of tacit knowledge in teaching remains minimally understood and under‐researched. The research presented in this paper identifies underlying cognitive processes which inform practice in teaching. For the first time in research on teaching, these cognitive processes have been amalgamated to capture what happens beyond that which is observable. A call for unison on the dynamics of implicit and explicit knowledge in teaching is urgent to unearth complexity and externalise professional development stages. The findings from this paper will be beneficial to teachers, teacher educators and policymakers.

Context and implications

Rationale for this study

There is a strong body of work on the observable elements of teaching and how observed behaviour contributes to an improved understanding of practice. There is limited insight of the tacit composition of teaching.

Why the new findings matter

Research into teaching acknowledges the place of tacit knowledge which underpins teacher action. This paper contributes to the field in the identification of cognitive processes which interact and subsequently activate observable teacher action or behaviour. Teacher thinking, evidenced in cognitive processes precedes teacher action and behaviour. Decision making in teaching is foundational, and the interplay of seven cognitive processes which this paper explores, advances understanding of the tacit composition of teaching.

Implications for practice

This paper impacts on the field of teaching in its ability to externalise the cognitive processes which shape practice. Whilst there is significant provision for the explicit knowledge of practice, there is limited understanding of the implicit constituents of teaching. From this paper, teachers are equipped with the understanding needed to develop the tacit elements of their practice. Another implication is on teacher education in the delivery of an enhanced and holistic preparation of new entrants to the profession. For policymakers, relevant policies which support teachers' development could be informed by knowledge of the tacit composition of teaching.
Packing list‐colorings
Authors: Cambie Stijn , Cames van Batenburg Wouter , Davies Ewan , Kang Ross J.
Published: August 2023

List coloring is an influential and classic topic in graph theory. We initiate the study of a natural strengthening of this problem, where instead of one list‐coloring, we seek many in parallel. Our explorations have uncovered a potentially rich seam of interesting problems spanning chromatic graph theory. Given a ‐list‐assignment of a graph , which is the assignment of a list of colors to each vertex , we study the existence of pairwise‐disjoint proper colorings of using colors from these lists. We may refer to this as a list‐packing. Using a mix of combinatorial and probabilistic methods, we set out some basic upper bounds on the smallest for which such a list‐packing is always guaranteed, in terms of the number of vertices, the degeneracy, the maximum degree, or the (list) chromatic number of . (The reader might already find it interesting that such a minimal is well defined.) We also pursue a more focused study of the case when is a bipartite graph. Our results do not yet rule out the tantalising prospect that the minimal above is not too much larger than the list chromatic number. Our study has taken inspiration from study of the strong chromatic number, and we also explore generalizations of the problem above in the same spirit.
Predictors of negative moral appraisals and their association with symptoms of post‐traumatic stress and depression in the context of COVID‐19 related stressors
Authors: Houle Stephanie A. , Ashbaugh Andrea R.
Published: August 2023

Research on moral injury (MI) suggests that negative moral appraisals of stressful events can impact mental health in high‐stakes occupational contexts (e.g., military). Few studies have examined these associations in the general population, limiting the generalisability of findings. Furthermore, factors that may predispose an individual to adverse outcomes in the context of moral stressors remain largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore the applicability of the MI construct to stressors experienced by the general public during the COVID‐19 pandemic; (2) explore how trait differences in sense of duty, religiosity/spirituality, anxiety sensitivity, and guilt, shame, and anger, predict negative moral appraisals of COVID‐19 stressors. Participants (n = 355) completed an online survey assessing exposure to and appraisals of COVID‐19 stressors, mental health symptoms, and dispositional characteristics (i.e., trait emotions, anxiety sensitivity, sense of duty, religiosity/spirituality). Path analysis revealed specific indirect associations between self‐based moral appraisals and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression through guilt, and between both self‐ and other‐based moral appraisals and PTSD and depression through anger. Number of COVID‐19 stressors had no influence on associations. Sense of duty, reparative guilt, and anxiety sensitivity best predicted negative moral appraisals. Findings partially support the applicability of the MI construct outside the occupational context.
Hydratable Core–Shell Polymer Networks for Atmospheric Water Harvesting Powered by Sunlight
Authors: Maity Debasis , Teixeira Ana Palma , Fussenegger Martin
Published: August 2023

The development of technologies to enable fresh water harvesting from atmospheric moisture could help overcome the problem of potable water scarcity. Here, an atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) device is assembled in a core–shell structure, with the core consisting of networks of alginate (Alg) and polyaniline (PANI) and the outer layer consisting of thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) modified with sulfonic acid groups (SPNIPAM) to increase the water adsorption at low relative humidity. The resulting hydrogel, modified with lithium chloride (LiCl) for increased water storage capacity (SPNIPAM‐Li‐PANIAlg), displays a similar lower critical solution temperature to pristine PNIPAM (32 °C) while affording a 15‐fold higher water capture ratio, and releases water upon exposure to sunlight at intensities less than 1 kW m−2. The developed AWH system is capable of harvesting 6.5 L of water per kilogram in a single daily absorption/desorption cycle under sunlight and can operate at relative humidity levels as low as 17% with no additional external energy input. The thermo‐responsive hydrogel SPNIPAM‐Li‐PANIAlg exhibits excellent stability during natural sunlight‐driven absorption/desorption cycles for at least 30 days, and allows sustainable harvesting of over 28.3 L kg−1 from a moisture‐rich environment by means of multiple absorption/desorption cycles.
An eco‐friendly management of organic waste and recycling of pond water of zoo aquatic animals by using Eudrilus eugeniae in Gandhi Zoological Park: A case study of vermicompost maturity
Authors: Mir Rouf Ahmad , Shrivastava Sarita
Published: August 2023

Zoo waste is a common problem in urban areas, as it overloads municipalities. To enhance the park's appeal, sustainability, and cleanliness, a pilot vermicomposting process was implemented as an alternative for organic waste disposal. It aimed to address the negative effects of poor organic waste management. Three types of pond water, namely hippopotamus, crocodile, and gharial, were recycled. Additionally, ostrich droppings and the nitrogenous compounds abundant in carnivore feces were utilized. The study sought to improve organic waste management and recycle pond water using exotic worms. Chemical and physical analyses were conducted on pond water and vermicompost obtained from Gandhi Zoological Park, revealing their high nutrient content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the functional groups present in the compost and vermicompost, allowing the detection of vermicompost maturity. The biomass of exotic earthworms, as well as the count of cocoons, juveniles, and adults, was assessed during different seasons of the year. This approach facilitated the recycling of pond water and the reduction of organic waste within the zoo premises. It involved the symbiotic cooperation of earthworms and bacterial colonies, transforming the waste into a high‐quality product with balanced macro nutrients. The novelty of the study lies in its focus on nutrient recycling in pond water, ostrich droppings, and vermicomposting of organic waste from carnivores.
Dementia care navigation: Building toward a common definition, key principles, and outcomes
Authors: Kallmyer Beth A. , Bass David , Baumgart Matthew , Callahan Christopher M. , Dulaney Sarah , Evertson Leslie C. , Fazio Sam , Judge Katherine S. , Samus Quincy
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

As the complexity of medical treatments and patient care systems have increased, the concept of patient navigation is growing in both popularity and breadth of application. Patient navigators are trained personnel whose role is not to provide clinical care, but to partner with patients to help them identify their needs and goals and then overcome modifiable patient‐, provider‐, and systems‐level barriers. Due to its high incidence, duration, and medical–social complexity, dementia is an ideal candidate for a patient‐centric health care delivery model such as care navigation.

METHODS

The Alzheimer's Association formed an expert workgroup of researchers in the field of dementia care navigation to identify evidence‐based guidelines.

RESULTS

Recognizing the unique and challenging needs of persons living with dementia and their care partners, several U.S. dementia care navigation programs have been developed and assessed in recent years. Collectively these programs demonstrate that persons living with dementia and their care partners benefit from dementia care navigation. Improved care system outcomes for the person living with dementia include reduced emergency department visits, lower hospital readmissions, fewer days hospitalized, and shorter delays in long‐term care placement. Well‐being is also increased, as there is decreased depression, illness, strain, embarrassment, and behavioral symptoms and increased self‐reported quality of life. For care partners, dementia navigation resulted in decreased depression, burden, and unmet needs.

DISCUSSION

This article presents principles of dementia care navigation to inform existing and emerging dementia care navigation programs.

Highlights

Several U.S. dementia care navigation programs have demonstrated outcomes for persons living with dementia, care partners, and health systems.

The Alzheimer's Association formed an expert workgroup of researchers in the field of dementia care navigation to create a shared definition and identify evidence‐based guidelines or principles.

These outlined principles of dementia care navigation can inform existing and emerging dementia care navigation programs.
Analysis of lower urinary tract signs and bacteriuria in cats with subcutaneous ureteral bypass systems
Authors: Djoneva Luba , Lawson Jack , Rutherford Lynda , Geddes Rebecca
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Distinguishing bacterial cystitis from subclinical bacteriuria is necessary for feline treatment protocols and antimicrobial stewardship. This can be challenging in cats with subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) systems because they may present with lower urinary tract signs without bacteriuria. We investigated the relationship between positive urine culture and lower urinary tract signs in cats with SUBs, including factors associated with each.

Methods

Clinical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify cats presenting with ureteral obstruction that underwent placement of a SUB device(s). The relationship between a positive urine culture and lower urinary tract signs was determined by chi‐squared analysis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with positive urine cultures and lower urinary tract signs.

Results

Two hundred and thirty visits were recorded for 61 cats, with 36 of 230 (16%) positive cultures in 21 of 61 (34%) cats. Lower urinary tract signs were documented at 97 of 230 (42%) visits, with 37 of 61 (61%) cats demonstrating lower urinary tract signs at some point. No relationship was found between culture results and lower urinary tract signs. Risk factors for a positive culture were higher urine pH, higher urine white blood cells and the presence of bacteriuria on microscopy. Risk factors for lower urinary tract signs were younger age and being a purebred cat (vs. non‐purebred).

Conclusions

A high proportion of cats with SUBs exhibited sterile lower urinary tract signs, making differentiation between bacterial cystitis and subclinical bacteriuria difficult. This highlights the need for clearer guidelines on when to treat bacteriuria in cats with SUBs.
Einleitung
Authors: Heine Moreen
Published: August 2023

Dieses einleitende Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über die Inhalte des Buches (1.1). Es klärt begriffliche Grundlagen in aller Kürze (1.2) und zeigt die Anwendungsbereiche für KI in öffentlichen Verwaltungen auf (1.3).
KI & Ethik
Authors: Wessel Daniel
Published: August 2023

In diesem Kapitel wird die Rolle der Ethik bei KI-Anwendungen betrachtet. Dafür werden zunächst grundlegende Begriffe definiert und ethische Aspekte beim Einsatz von KI-Systemen vorgestellt. Es werden Fragen zur Verfügung gestellt, die für die ethische Bewertung von KI-Anwendungen herangezogen werden können. Um die Auseinandersetzung mit ethischen Fragen plastischer darzustellen und eine weitere Perspektive zu bieten, endet das Kapitel mit einem Interview, das mit einem Wissenschaftler aus dem Bereich Angewandte Ethik geführt wurde.
Grundlagen: Input
Authors: Dhungel Anna-Katharina
Published: August 2023

Häufig wird davon gesprochen, dass Daten wertvoll sind. Daten würden Entscheidungen unterstützen, Prozesse beschleunigen oder Erkenntnisse liefern. Diese Aussagen sind so allerdings nicht korrekt, denn Daten allein haben keinen intrinsischen Mehrwert, sie sind zunächst einfach nur „da“. Erst eine Verwertung und Verarbeitung von Daten führt zu einem Wertzuwachs. Dennoch ist es wichtig, dass vor der Verarbeitung ein präzises Verständnis darüber vorhanden ist, welche Art von Daten vorliegen. Nur wenn man dieses tiefreichende Verständnis von Daten hat, kann man diese anmessen nutzen und den angesprochenen Mehrwert erzeugen. Daher wird in dieser Lerneinheit der Fokus darauf liegen, Daten zu verstehen (2.2), die Qualität von Daten zu beurteilen (2.4), die Beziehungen zwischen Daten zu analysieren (2.5) sowie mögliche Verzerrungen von Daten zu erkennen (2.6). Das angeeignete Wissen kann im eigenen Anwendungsfall eingesetzt werden (2.7).
KI-Strategie
Authors: Heine Moreen
Published: August 2023

Dieses Kapitel adressiert KI-Strategien als Planungs- und Führungsinstrumente (5.1) und gibt Einblick in die Handlungsfelder auf Management-Ebene (5.2).
Gebrauchstaugliche Entwicklung von KI-Anwendungen
Authors: Wessel Daniel
Published: August 2023

Dieses Kapitel behandelt die Gebrauchstauglichkeit von Produkten, d. h. welche Eigenschaften ein Produkt wie eine KI-Anwendung aufweisen muss, damit man damit gut arbeiten kann. Der menschzentrierte Gestaltungsprozess wird als ein Weg dargestellt, solche gebrauchstauglichen Anwendungen zu entwickeln. Dabei wird auf die Rolle der zukünftigen Nutzer, die besonderen Anforderungen von KI-Anwendungen und der öffentlichen Verwaltung eingegangen.
Mensch-KI-System
Authors: Wessel Daniel
Published: August 2023

Bei KI-Anwendungen arbeiten Mensch und KI-System eng zusammen. Diese Zusammenarbeit muss entsprechend gestaltet sein. In diesem Kapitel werden Formen der Zusammenarbeit vorgestellt und die Rolle von KI im Arbeitsalltag hinterfragt. Grade der Automation und Kriterien guter Zusammenarbeit werden vorgestellt und Hinweise für die konkrete Gestaltung der Zusammenarbeit gegeben. Zur Bewertung der Qualität der Zusammenarbeit werden Fragen an KI-Anwendungen vorgestellt.
Erklärbare KI
Authors: Schrills Tim
Published: August 2023

Mit der zunehmenden Komplexität von KI-Systemen steigt auch die Notwendigkeit, die Funktionalität der genutzten Systeme verständlich zu machen. Aufgabe dieses Kapitels ist es diesen Aspekt näher zu beleuchten. Zentral ist dabei die Frage wie KI-Systeme so gestaltet werden können, dass sie nicht nur ihre intendierte Funktion erfüllen, sondern die Nutzenden so über ihre Funktionsweise informieren, dass diese die Systeme verstehen, nutzen und steuern können. Zentrale Inhalte sind dabei die Definition von Erklärungen, verschiedene Arten von Erklärungen, sowie Strategien für die bestmögliche Implementierung.
Pangenomic Analysis of Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses. I: The Phylogenetic Distribution of Conserved Oxygen-Dependent Enzymes Reveals a Capture-Gene Process
Authors: Campillo-Balderas J. A. , Lazcano A. , Cottom-Salas W. , Jácome R. , Becerra A.
Published: August 2023

The Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDVs) infect a wide range of eukaryotic species, including amoeba, algae, fish, amphibia, arthropods, birds, and mammals. This group of viruses has linear or circular double-stranded DNA genomes whose size spans approximately one order of magnitude, from 100 to 2500 kbp. The ultimate origin of this peculiar group of viruses remains an open issue. Some have argued that NCLDVs’ origin may lie in a bacteriophage ancestor that increased its genome size by subsequent recruitment of eukaryotic and bacterial genes. Others have suggested that NCLDVs families originated from cells that underwent an irreversible process of genome reduction. However, the hypothesis that a number of NCLDVs sequences have been recruited from the host genomes has been largely ignored. In the present work, we have performed pangenomic analyses of each of the seven known NCLDVs families. We show that these families' core- and shell genes have cellular homologs, supporting possible escaping-gene events as part of its evolution. Furthermore, the detection of sequences that belong to two protein families (small chain ribonucleotide reductase and Erv1/Air) and to one superfamily [2OG-Fe(II) oxygenases] that are for distribution in all NCLDVs core and shell clusters encoding for oxygen-dependent enzymes suggests that the highly conserved core these viruses originated after the Proterozoic Great Oxidation Event that transformed the terrestrial atmosphere 2.4–2.3 Ga ago.