bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training and Retraining Civil Servants of Home Affairs in Vietnam in Response to the Requirements of International Integration
Authors: Vi Cuong Tien
Published: January 2019

Vietnamese civil servants of Home Affairs play a critical role in advising the Government of Vietnam on policies related to the management and development of the whole public administration system. To improve the performance of officials and cadres, training and retraining programmes for Vietnamese civil servants of Home Affairs need to be designed and delivered in a way that can produce practical and effective outcomes for both participating civil servants and agencies. This study discusses the main features of the contingent of civil servants of Home Affairs in Vietnam and proposes measures to improve the quality and effectiveness in the training and retraining of Vietnamese civil servants of Home Affairs in response to the requirements of the country’s public administrative reforms and to the demands of international integration.
Editorial N° 27
Authors: Farrach Úbeda Graciela Alejandra
Published: January 2019

Revista Científica de FAREM-Estelí. N° 27
Discurso de paz del Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional
Authors: Golovina Natalia Sergueyevna , Mosher Valle Elmer Luis
Published: January 2019

Los partidos políticos nacen con el propósito de lucha por el poder en un determinado país bajo una u otra doctrina que determina la forma de este poder. La democracia y los gobiernos que buscan bienestar de todos los pobladores sin excepción, son los nuevos enfoques de nueva sociedad de convivencia pacífica y armónica de todos sus miembros. En este ensayo se pretende realizar una interpretación del Discurso de paz del Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN); el presente ensayo se ha estructurado en tres partes: En la primera parte se presenta una revisión teórica sobre los conceptos de la paz y el discurso político; en la segunda parte se describe el contexto político y socio-económico del nacimiento de FSLN; la tercera parte narra sobre la necesidad de la paz sentida por el pueblo nicaragüense, y de la pérdida y recuperación del poder de FSLN en las últimas décadas y la relación del fracaso y triunfo con el discurso de paz.
Are there differences between de novo and secondary upper tract urothelial carcinoma tumours?
Authors: Goldberg Hanan , Cheung Douglas C. , Chandrasekar Thenappan , Klaassen Zachary , Wallis Christopher J.D. , Kulkarni Girish S. , Sayyid Rashid , Evans Andrew , Masoomian Mehdi , Bapat Bharati , Van der Kwast Theodorus , Hamilton Robert J. , Zlotta Alexandre , Fleshner Neil
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for <5% of all urothelial cancers. We aimed to ascertain the clinical differences between UTUC tumours presenting de novo (DnUTUC) and those presenting secondary (SUTUC) following a bladder cancer diagnosis.
Methods: Our institutional database was queried for all UTUC patients who were surgically treated with radical nephroureterectomy or ureterectomy between 2003 and 2017. Bladder recurrence and cancer-specific mortality were compared. To reduce the possible bias due to confounding variables obtained from a simple comparison of outcomes, DnUTUC patients were matched (for age, gender, tumour location, type of surgery, grade, TNM staging, presence of carcinoma in situ, and lymphovascular invasion) with propensity score to SUTUC patients. Bladder recurrence and cancer-specific mortality were assessed with Cox proportional hazards model.
Results: A total of 117 UTUC patients were identified: 80 with DnUTUC (68.4%) and 37 with SUTUC (31.6%). A greater proportion of males with SUTUC was demonstrated (89.2% vs. 68.8; p=0.02). In both groups, 67.5% of patients had high-grade disease, but SUTUC demonstrated a higher carcinoma in situ rate (43.2% vs. 25%; p=0.047). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the five-year bladder recurrence rate was trending to be higher in SUTUC (65.3% vs. 20.5%; p=0.099). In the Cox model, however, it was associated with increased bladder recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68–8.09; p=0.001). Although univariate analysis demonstrated that SUTUC patients were more likely to die of their disease (30.6% vs. 9%; p=0.009), the multivariable Cox model did not demonstrate this association. The limitations of this study include its retrospective, single-centre design and relatively small cohort of patients.
Conclusions: In this hypothesis-generating study, some evidence suggests that further research is needed to delineate differences between SUTUC and DnUTUC.
Informed Trading in the WTI Oil Futures Market
Authors: Rousse Olivier , Sévi Benoît
Published: January 2019

The weekly release of the U.S. inventory level by the DOE-EIA is known as the market mover in the U.S. oil futures market. We uncover suspicious trading patterns in the WTI futures markets in days when the inventory level is released that are higher than market forecasts: there are significantly more orders initiated by buyers in the two hours preceding the official release of the inventory level, with a drop in the average price of -0.25% ahead of the news release. This finding is consistent with informed trading. We also provide evidence of an asymmetric response of the oil price to oil-inventory news, and highlight an over-reaction that is partly compensated in the hours following the announcement.
De algemene vergadering van aandeelhouders: van een niet-representatieve formaliteit naar een modern beslissingsplatform
Authors: Lafarre A.J.F. , van der Elst C.F.
Published: January 2019

De algemene vergadering van aandeelhouders: van een niet-representatieve formaliteit naar een modern beslissingsplatform

Er bestaat een duidelijke kloof tussen de ondernemingsrechtelijke theorie en de praktijk als het gaat om de AVA van beursvennootschappen. De auteurs gaan in op deze bestaande problematiek, stellen een grondige modernisering van de AVA voor met moderne technologie en werpen een korte nieuwe blik op het Nederlandse corporate governance-bestel.
Azevedo, Ana Francisca de y Rego, Nelson (coords.) (2017). Geografias e (in)visibilidades: Paisagens, corpos, memórias
Authors: Piñeiro Antelo María de los Ángeles
Published: January 2019

Azevedo, Ana Francisca de y Rego, Nelson (coords.) (2017)Geografias e (in)visibilidades: Paisagens, corpos, memóriasPorto Alegre: Compasso Lugar-Cultura, 452 p.ISBN 9788594121004
Manero Miguel, Fernando and García Cuesta, José Luis (coords.) (2016). Patrimonio cultural y desarrollo territorial. Cultural heritage and territorial development
Authors: Pallares-Barbera Montserrat
Published: January 2019

Manero Miguel, Fernando and García Cuesta, José Luis (coords.) (2016)Patrimonio cultural y desarrollo territorial. Cultural heritage and territorial developmentPamplona: Thompson Reuters. Aranzadi, 415 p.ISBN 978-8490981009
A FÓRMULA DA LEI UNIVERSAL E SUA APLICAÇÃO A CASOS CONCRETOS: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE UMA CONHECIDA OBJEÇÃO
Authors: Ribeiro Elton Cândido
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que a Fórmula da Lei Universal, tal como concebida por Kant, deve ser compreendida como um teste de permissibilidade da máxima. Para tanto, deverá também mostrar que a objeção à fórmula se fundamenta numa compreensão equivocada do conceito kantiano de máxima. Assim, num primeiro momento, será feita uma análise da derivação da fórmula a partir do conceito do imperativo categórico, tal como se apresenta na Segunda Seção da Fundamentação. Em seguida, serão analisados também os exemplos oferecidos por Kant naquela seção. Ato contínuo, serão apresentados exemplos comuns da referida objeção. O artigo se encerra com a consideração do conceito kantiano de máxima, a partir das três definições dela que o filósofo ofereceu.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE DIAGRAMAS COMO FERRAMENTAS DE REPRESENTAÇÃO EM LÓGICA
Authors: Pinheiro Félix Flores
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo possui por objetivo discorrer sobre como diagramas representam em contextos lógicos. Com a recente revisão do status dos métodos diagramáticos de representação em ciências formais, o presente artigo oferece uma abordagem em torno das características representacionais que distinguem diagramas de métodos puramente sentenciais. Focando nos critérios distintivos oferecidos pela literatura da área, oferta-se uma reflexão sobre o papel que diagramas desempenham enquanto ferramentas representativas em contextos lógicos, contrastando-os com ferramentas linguísticas. Argumenta-se que diagramas representam através de “semelhanças estruturais”, resultando em uma preservação de algumas das características relacionais do que está sendo representado. Métodos diagramáticos utilizam relações espaciais para “espelhar” as relações presentes no conjunto de objetos que visam representar, enquanto métodos linguísticos alocam todas essas em dispositivos representacionais simbólicos. Por conta disso, representações diagramáticas obtém os lucros e os prejuízos de utilizar características espaciais enquanto meio representacional. Todavia, como diferentes métodos diagramáticos administra essa utilização de forma distinta, tais virtudes e prejuízos também são variantes entre métodos diagramáticos.
TRABALHO, RIQUEZA E NATUREZA HUMANA: MARX E A CRÍTICA AO MODO DE PRODUÇÃO CAPITALISTA
Authors: Sartori Vitor Bartoletti
Published: January 2019

Pretendemos demonstrar que, ao mesmo tempo em que Marx não traz uma crítica ao modo de produção capitalista a partir de certa valorização acrítica do trabalho, ele enxerga como essencial a transformação substantiva da produção material. Um elogio ao trabalho, e ao trabalho produtivo, antes de ser uma posição marxiana, é aquela de autores como Smith e Locke, de tal modo, a rigor, que não há na crítica marxiana algo como uma centralidade do trabalho. No presente texto, assim, procuraremos trazer à tona a compreensão marxiana da relação entre trabalho, riqueza e natureza humana, diferenciando a posição marxiana daquela burguesa. Explicitaremos a defesa marxiana de uma individualidade multifacetada e de indivíduos universalmente desenvolvidos.
Estudando as dificuldades de interação em software para gerenciamento de campos de petróleo
Authors: Alan T. Ramos Pedro , Cesar dos Reis Julio , Jose´ Schiozer Denis , Alberto de Souza dos Santos Antonio
Published: January 2019

The decision-making process behind the exploitation of petroleum fields requires deciding the best strategies considering the large investments at stake. Software used to simulate and manage petroleum reservoirs, such as MERO, requires an interactive environment to deal with the massive data and numerous parameters that surround the simulations. However, due to the nature of scientific software development, usability was not taken as a specific goal for MERO. In this investigation, we have carried out an user-centered approach to identify usability issues regarding MERO’s interface. We conducted semi-structured interviews with users and analyzed the content of emails sent by users to the support team. This research identified that despite the massive data, most of the issues that users have to deal with the software are related to error messages and inadequate documentation.
Proposal of quantitative and qualitative metrics to assess affective user-centered design of video games
Authors: Ribeiro Elison , Seruffo Marcos
Published: January 2019

The experience which emerges from digital games has, above all, an emotional nature, so evaluating the user experience only through objective factors does not seem to be sufficient for the analysis of a game as it is an entertainment product. This article intends to propose a set of metrics that allow evaluating affective, or roughly speaking, emotional aspects of the user experience from digital games. The metrics are applied to a list, found in a related work, of relevant game design components that affect the subjective experience of gaming. The intended experiment in the future is a gameplay session of a game especially designed to include a system that measures in background, through the proposed metrics, players’ actions in the gaming experience. The result in this paper is a set of quantitative and qualitative metrics that will assess players’ choices in the actual experiment and that yield numerical outcomes, even though the analyzed factors are subjective.
Um Olhar sobre o Processo de Design e Avaliação do VINI sob a Perspectiva do Processo de Design Inclusivo
Authors: Dos S. Ferreira Rallyson , H. Chaves de Castro Thaís , Pereira de Sena Jr Marcelino , Lima David
Published: January 2019

Nas últimas décadas a sociedade brasileira tem enfrentado um grande desafio, que é a interação em ambientes pensados e planejados para crianças neurotípicas, principalmente, o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) [3], [8]. Sabendo que o uso da conhecida metodologia TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication Handicapped Children) [4] vem se mostrando eficaz para tranquilizar e orientar crianças com o TEA, foi implementada uma aplicação móvel denominada VINI para automatizar o processo de criação de atividades segundo essa metodologia. Sendo assim, foram aplicados métodos e técnicas para design e avaliação da interação de crianças com esse aplicativo. Ao longo do processo avaliativo [5], ao analisar a experiência de uso do VINI, foram percebidas necessidades de se utilizar métodos que se adaptassem aos novos contextos e perfis desses usuários, pois ainda que sejam crianças com autismo em fase escolar, suas necessidades específicas sobressaem qualquer perfil diagnóstico. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma releitura dos processos de design e avaliação sob o olhar do Processo de Design Inclusivo (PDI) [6] visando identificar falhas no processo quanto a possíveis individualizações de contexto desde as primeiras fases do design.
Violencia de género dentro de las diferentes orientaciones sexuales en España
Authors: Tomás Cánovas Lidia , Moral de Calatrava Paloma , Canteras Jordana Manuel
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Determinar si la orientación sexual influye dentro de la violencia sufrida dentro del hogar en las diferentes orientaciones sexuales sin considerar el sexo biológico.Material y método: Se realizaron ANOVAs de dos vías a partir de dos test, WAST de cribado e ISA de diagnóstico y un análisis factorial. La muestra recogida consistió en 454 sujetos de los cuales 156 fueron homosexuales, 265 heterosexuales, 30 bisexuales y 2 no contestaron. Resultados: Las cuatro violencias identificadas (interpersonal, social, física y psicológica) no mostraron diferencias significativas en relación a la orientación sexual con independencia del sexo biológico, de la misma forma se observó la violencia dentro de la pareja como algo marginal.Conclusiones: La violencia dentro de la pareja se pudo observar dentro de todas las estructuras de pareja, por lo que la violencia fue independiente de la orientación sexual.

Objective: To determine if sexual orientation influences within the domestic violence in the different sexual orientations without considering the biological sex.Material and method: Two-way ANOVAs were performed from two tests, WAST screening and ISA diagnostic and a factorial analysis. the collected sample consisted of 454 subjects of which 156 were homosexual, 265 heterosexual, 30 bisexual and 2 did not answer.Results: The four identified violence (interpersonal, social, physical and psychological) did not show significant differences in relation to sexual orientation regardless of biological sex, in the same way violence was observed within the couple as marginal.Conclusions: Violence within the couple was observed within all partner structures, so violence was independent of sexual orientation.
Calidad de vida en pacientes nefrópatas con distintos tratamientos en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención en Nuevo León.
Authors: Hernández Cantú Enoc Isaí , Maldonado Saucedo Margarita
Published: January 2019

Introducción: La insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) es una enfermedad con severas consecuencias para quien la padece. La diálisis, principal tratamiento sustitutivo renal, en sus distintas modalidades, invade la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia. Objetivo: Determinar si existen diferencias significativas de calidad de vida entre los pacientes que reciben diálisis o hemodiálisis en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención en Nuevo León. Método: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, con un apartado cualitativo. Diseño trasversal, prospectivo, comparativo. De un total de 634 pacientes en tratamiento sustitutivo renal, se obtuvo una muestra probabilística de 241. Mediante selección aleatoria se aplicó un instrumento validado para calidad de vida y se entrevistó a los 20 sujetos con mayor tiempo de tratamiento.Resultados: La diálisis peritoneal permite una mejor calidad de vida que la hemodiálisis en aspectos de una menor limitación en la alimentación, mayor capacidad de trabajo en casa, libertad para viajar, menos tensión nerviosa, una mejor vida sexual y un mejor aspecto físico. Conclusiones: Trabajar las distintas áreas que conforman la calidad de vida podría contribuir considerablemente a elevar sus niveles. El enfoque actual de la nefrología se centra únicamente en la dimensión física, pero podemos concluir que hay otros factores que conforman e influyen sobre la vida y la salud.

Introduction: The chronic kidney disease it is an illness with severe consequences for who suffers it. The dialysis, main renal substitute treatment, in its different modalities, invades the quality of life of the patient and his family. Objective: To determine if significant differences of quality of life exist among the patients that receive dialysis or hemodialysis in a hospital of second level of attention in Nuevo León. Method: A quantitative focus study, with a qualitative section. It was a trasversal, prospective, and comparative design. Of a total of 634 patients in kidney substitute treatment, a probabilistic sampling of 241 was obtained. Through a random selection, the patients were interviewed with instrument validated for quality of life and the 20 subject with more time of treatment were interviewed by means of qualitative method. Results: The peritoneal dialysis allows a better quality of life that the hemodialysis in aspects like a smaller limitation in the feeding, bigger work capacity at home, freedom to travel, less nervous tension, a better sexual life and a better physical aspect. Conclusions: To work the different areas that conform the quality of life, could contribute considerably to elevate their levels. The current focus of the nephrology is only centered in the physical dimension, but we can conclude that there are other factors that conform and they influence about the life and the health.
TOXIFY: a deep learning approach to classify animal venom proteins
Authors: Cole T Jeffrey , Brewer Michael S
Published: January 2019

In the era of Next-Generation Sequencing and shotgun proteomics, the sequences of animal toxigenic proteins are being generated at rates exceeding the pace of traditional means for empirical toxicity verification. To facilitate the automation of toxin identification from protein sequences, we trained Recurrent Neural Networks with Gated Recurrent Units on publicly available datasets. The resulting models are available via the novel software package TOXIFY, allowing users to infer the probability of a given protein sequence being a venom protein. TOXIFY is more than 20X faster and uses over an order of magnitude less memory than previously published methods. Additionally, TOXIFY is more accurate, precise, and sensitive at classifying venom proteins.

Availability: https://www.github.com/tijeco/toxify
Use of open mobile mapping tool to assess human mobility traceability in rural offline populations with contrasting malaria dynamics
Authors: Carrasco-Escobar Gabriel , Castro Marcia C. , Barboza Jose Luis , Ruiz-Cabrejos Jorge , Llanos-Cuentas Alejandro , Vinetz Joseph M. , Gamboa Dionicia
Published: January 2019

Infectious disease dynamics are affected by human mobility more powerfully than previously thought, and thus reliable traceability data are essential. In rural riverine settings, lack of infrastructure and dense tree coverage deter the implementation of cutting-edge technology to collect human mobility data. To overcome this challenge, this study proposed the use of a novel open mobile mapping tool, GeoODK. This study consists of a purposive sampling of 33 participants in six villages with contrasting patterns of malaria transmission that demonstrates a feasible approach to map human mobility. The self-reported traceability data allowed the construction of the first human mobility framework in rural riverine villages in the Peruvian Amazon. The mobility spectrum in these areas resulted in travel profiles ranging from 2 hours to 19 days; and distances between 10 to 167 km. Most Importantly, occupational-related mobility profiles with the highest displacements (in terms of time and distance) were observed in commercial, logging, and hunting activities. These data are consistent with malaria transmission studies in the area that show villages in watersheds with higher human movement are concurrently those with greater malaria risk. The approach we describe represents a potential tool to gather critical information that can facilitate malaria control activities.
Quantitatively estimating main soil water-soluble salt ions content based on Visible-near infrared wavelength selected using GC, SR and VIP
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Chen Yinwen , Zhang Zhitao , Chen Haorui , Li Xianwen , Wang Mingxiu , Chai Hongyang
Published: January 2019

Soil salinization is the primary obstacle to the sustainable development of agriculture and eco-environment in arid regions. The accurate inversion of the major water-soluble salt ions in the soil using visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy technique can enhance the effectiveness of saline soil management. However, the accuracy of spectral models of soil salt ions turns out to be affected by high dimensionality and noise information of spectral data. This study aims to improve the model accuracy by optimizing the spectral models based on the exploration of the sensitive spectral intervals of different salt ions. To this end, 120 soil samples were collected from Shahaoqu Irrigation Area in Inner Mongolia, China. After determining the raw reflectance spectrum and content of salt ions in the lab, the spectral data were pre-treated by standard normal variable (SNV). Subsequently the sensitive spectral intervals of each ion were selected using methods of gray correlation (GC), stepwise regression (SR) and variable importance in projection (VIP). Finally, the performance of both models of partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR) was investigated on the basis of the sensitive spectral intervals. The results indicated that the model accuracy based on the sensitive spectral intervals selected using different analytical methods turned out to be different: VIP was the highest, SR came next and GC was the lowest. The optimal inversion models of different ions were different. In general, both PLSR and SVR had achieved satisfactory model accuracy, but PLSR outperformed SVR in the forecasting effects. Great difference existed among the optimal inversion accuracy of different ions: the predicative accuracy of Ca2+, Na+, Cl−, Mg2+ and SO42− was very high, that of CO32− was high and K+ was relatively lower, but HCO3− failed to have any predicative power. These findings provide a new approach for the optimization of the spectral model of water-soluble salt ions and improvement of its predicative precision.
Practice of Insertion, Maintenance and Removal of Peripheral Inserted Central Catheter in Neonates / Práticas de Inserção, Manutenção e Remoção do Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica em Neonatos
Authors: Rangel Regiane Josy Mediote , Castro Denise Silveira , Amorim Maria Helena Costa , Zandonade Eliana , Christoffel Marialda Moreira , Primo Candida Caniçali
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar as práticas de enfermagem na inserção, manutenção e remoção do Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica em neonatos. Métodos: Estudo correlacional retrospectivo realizado em um Hospital Universitário com amostra de 137 neonatos no período de 2009 a 2012. Os dados foram coletados no prontuário e analisados com testes estatísticos. Resultados: O posicionamento inicial da ponta do cateter foi central em 60,6%. Complicações ocorreram em 53,3% dos cateteres, e as mais comuns: obstrução (13,1%) e infiltração/extravasamento (12,4%). O tempo de permanência foi influenciado (p<0,05) pela posição da ponta não central, complicações e remoção não eletiva. Conclusão: Destaca-se a necessidade de elaboração de protocolos e a realização de programas de intervenção educativa, a fim de garantir a segurança do paciente e a qualidade da assistência.
Codependency in Relatives of Alcohol Addicts / A Codependencia em Familiares de Adictos
Authors: Melo Cynthia de Freitas , Cavalcante Ihan Souza
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Investigar o impacto gerado em mulheres que possuem familiares com alcoolismo, em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Método: Pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de cunho quanlitativo, que, por critério de saturação, contou com 11 participantes, mulheres familiares de pessoas com dependência ao álcool, que responderam a um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, compreendido por análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os discursos elencaram em sete classes temáticas: 1. Causas do consumo do álcool; 2. Consequências do beber para o alcoolista; 3. Comportamento da família diante do alcoolista; 4. Sentimentos recorrentes dos familiares; 5. Adoecimento da família com alcoolista; 6. Tipos de ajuda/tratamento para o alcoolista e a família; e 7. Expectativas futuras sobre o alcoolista. Conclusão: A família adoece junto ao alcoolista, necessitando de acompanhamento. Descritores:Alcoolismo, Codependência, Família.
From Diagnosis to Terminal Illness: the Multiprofessional Team Endeavior in Pediatric Oncology / Do Diagnóstico a Terminalidade: Enfrentamento da Equipe Multiprofissional na Oncologia Pediátrica
Authors: Scaratti Maira , Oliveira Daniela Ramos , Roman Rós Ana Cláudia , Debon Raquel , Baldissera Camila
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Identificar as percepções e sentimentos que permeiam a assistência da equipe multiprofissional no câncer infantil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, prospectiva e descritiva, realizada com 32 profissionais atuantes na oncologia pediátrica de um hospital referência no norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: A pesquisa revela a atuação na oncologia pediátrica cercada de vínculos entre profissionais, pacientes e famílias, na qual a equipe multiprofissional acaba envolvida na rede de relações interpessoais, defrontando-se diariamente com expectativas, medos e angústias frente à incerteza de cura e a morte na criança, afetando diretamente a saúde psíquica do trabalhador. Conclusão: O estudo expressa a fragilidade das instituições formadoras e empregadoras em capacitar o profissional para atuar nesta área desafiadora.
The Profile and Work Process of Community Health Agents / Perfil e o Processo de Trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde
Authors: Garcia Ana Claudia Pinheiro , Lima Rita de Cassia Duarte , Lima Eliane de Fátima Almeida , Galavote Heletícia Scabelo , Andrade Maria Angélica Carvalho
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: identificar o perfil e descrever o processo de trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Método: estudo transversal descritivo, com 291 ACS vinculados a 136 equipes de saúde da família, a coleta de dados utilizou um questionário contendo variáveis sociodemograficas e seu processo de trabalho, realizou estatística descritiva e associações, por meio do teste através do teste Exato de Fisher e considerou significante p≤ 0,05. Resultados: (91,1%) eram do sexo feminino, a idade variou de 24 a 69 anos. Em relação à escolaridade, 85,5% referiram possuir ensino médio completo. Quanto ao processo de trabalho, 40,5% dos ACS sentem-se pouco seguros em relação ao vínculo de trabalho; o trabalho é mencionado como muito estressante por 68,7% dos entrevistados. Conclusão:  conclui-se com esse estudo a necessidade de novas pesquisas afim de melhor compreender os eventos produtores de estresse nos ACS.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: the Knowledge of Health Professionals Towards Prevention and Educational Measures / Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica: Conhecimento dos Profissionais de Saúde Acerca da Prevenção e Medidas Educativas
Authors: Melo Mariane Menezes , Santiago Luciana Maria Montenegro , Nogueira Denise Lima , Vasconcelos Maria de Fatima Pinho
Published: January 2019

Objetivos: Avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre a prevenção da Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica (PAVM) em pacientes críticos internados nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) e, promover educação permanente (EP) para profissionais das UTIs sobre prevenção de PAVM. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quanti-qualitativo. Os dados foram coletados, entre agosto e outubro de 2015, através de um questionário e analisados através dos Softwares Microsoft Excel 2013 e Epi Info 7. Participaram da pesquisa 28 profissionais de saúde.  Resultados: 43% afirmou ter conhecimento sobre bundle de prevenção; 36% citaram já terem participado de algum treinamento sobre a temática; 96% manifestou interesse em receber algum treinamento específico; apenas 25% responderam corretamente a pressão ideal do cuff; 96% afirmou avaliar, diariamente, a retirada da sedação. Após a análise, foi realizada uma EP com os profissionais. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que existe uma fragilidade no conhecimento dos profissionais relativo à prevenção de PAVM.
The Aspects Related to Violence Against Elderly: Nurse’s Perception from the Family Health Strategy / Aspectos Relacionados à Violência Contra o Idoso: Concepção do Enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Landim Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro , Silva Neto Mário Coelho e , Carvalho Francisca Maria Ferreira Duarte , Lago Eliana Campêlo
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: conhecer aspectos relacionados à violência contra o idoso, sob a concepção do enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com dez enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família, em Teresina, Brasil, de setembro a outubro de 2014. Utilizaram-se entrevistas gravadas para a coleta dos dados, por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado, fundamentados pela análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: Foram identificadas duas categorias temáticas: Identificação pelas enfermeiras das situações de violência contra o idoso, na abordagem durante o atendimento de rotina, no acompanhamento pelo Agente Comunitário de Saúde e nas visitas domiciliares; e, Ações desenvolvidas pelas enfermeiras frente aos casos identificados de violência contra o idoso, por meio de ações educativas, acionamento da Delegacia do Idoso e encaminhamentos para os Serviços Sociais. Conclusão: os enfermeiros necessitam de capacitação para o trabalho de assistência na Estratégia Saúde da Família, voltado ao agravo da violência contra o idoso.
Knowledge of Hand Hygiene in the Perspective of Nursing Professionals from an Emergency Service / Conhecimento Sobre Higienização das Mãos na Perspectiva de Profissionais de Enfermagem em um Pronto Atendimento
Authors: Korb Jaqueline Picolli , Jezewski Goretti , Aozane Fabiele , Feldhaus Carine , Kolankiewicz Adriane Cristina Bernat , Loro Marli Maria
Published: January 2019

Title of the document Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem em relação à Higienização das mãos em uma unidade de pronto atendimento e, identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e laboral destes. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo realizado em município do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em um pronto atendimento de um hospital privado. Dados coletados pelo “Teste de Conhecimento a respeito da Higienização das Mãos para profissionais da Saúde”. Resultados: profissionais desconhecem tempo mínimo para que a preparação alcoólica destrua os microrganismos nas mãos. Com relação aos itens que devem ser evitados por associarem-se à possibilidade de colonização, a maioria correspondeu às expectativas ao assinalarem as respostas corretas. Conclusão: o conhecimento da equipe é satisfatório, todavia, existem lacunas a serem trabalhadas. Necessário que programas de educação permanente sejam instituídos para que essas práticas mantenham a conformidade com as diretrizes preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde.
Needs of the Relatives of Patients Hospitalized in an Intensive Therapy Unit / Necessidades de Familiares de Pacientes Internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Batista Vanessa Carla , Monteschio Lorenna Viccentine , Godoy Fernando José de , De Freitas Góes Herbert Leopoldo , Marcon Sonia Silva , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Identificar as necessidades dos familiares de pessoas internadas em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) no interior do Estado do Paraná. Método: Os dados foram coletados no período de maio à setembro de 2017, por meio da aplicação do Inventário de Necessidades e Estressores de Familiares em Terapia Intensiva (INEFTI) a 55 familiares. Realizado análise descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: As necessidades mais valorizadas foram as relacionadas com informação, segurança em saber que o familiar está recebendo o melhor tratamento e de ter acesso/possibilidade de poder conversar com o médico no momento da visita. Conclusão: Conhecer as necessidades dos familiares se faz como uma importante ferramenta de avaliação dos aspectos relacionados ao cuidado prestado e fornece subsídios para implementação de ações que garantam melhor qualidade da assistência ao paciente e a família.
Facile Synthesis of Unsolvated Alkali Metal Octahydrotriborate Salts MB3H8 (M=K, Rb, and Cs), Mechanisms of Formation, and the Crystal Structure of KB3H8
Authors: Chen Xi‐Meng , Ma Nana , Liu Xin‐Ran , Wei Changgeng , Cui Chong‐Chao , Cao Bu‐La , Guo Yanhui , Wang Lai‐Sheng , Gu Qinfen , Chen Xuenian
Published: January 2019

A facile synthesis of heavy alkali metal octahydrotriborates (MB3H8; M=K, Rb, and Cs) has been developed. It is simply based on reactions of the pure alkali metals with THF⋅BH3, does not require the use of electron carriers or the addition of other reaction media such as mercury, silica gel, or inert salts as for previous procedures, and delivers the desired products at room temperature in very high yields. However, no reactions were observed when pure Li or Na was used. The reaction mechanisms for the heavy alkali metals were investigated both experimentally and computationally. The low sublimation energies of K, Rb, and Cs were found to be key for initiation of the reactions. The syntheses can be carried out at room temperature because all of the elementary reaction steps have low energy barriers, whereas reactions of LiBH4/NaBH4 with THF⋅BH3 have to be carried out under reflux. The high stability and solubility of KB3H8 were examined, and a crystal structure thereof was obtained for the first time.
Probabilistic mean value theorems for conditioned random variables with applications
Authors: Di Crescenzo Antonio , Psarrakos Georgios
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we propose a probabilistic analogue of the mean value theorem for conditional nonnegative random variables ordered in the hazard rate and reversed hazard rate order, upon conditioning on intervals of the form (t,∞) and [0,t]. This result is then specialized within the proportional hazards model and the proportional reversed hazards model with applications to series systems in reliability theory and to absorption random times of linear birth‐death processes. We also study the comparison of residual entropies and discuss some connections to Wasserstein and stop‐loss distances of random variables. A treatment for the additive hazard rate model is finally provided, with an application to life annuities.
Ultra‐high‐pressure‐assisted extraction of wedelolactone and isodemethylwedelolactone from Ecliptae Herba and purification by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Cheng Supan , Zhang Longfei , Dong Hongjing , Zhang Yongqing , Wang Xiao
Published: January 2019

Ultra‐high‐pressure extraction combined with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography was employed to extract and purify wedelolactone and isodemethylwedelolactone from Ecliptae Herba. The operating conditions of ultra‐high‐pressure extraction were optimized using an orthogonal experimental design. The optimal conditions were 80% aqueous methanol solvent, 200 MPa pressure, 3 min extraction time and 1:20 (g/mL) solid–liquid ratio for extraction of wedelolactone and isodemethylwedelolactone. After extraction by ultra‐high pressure, the extraction solution was concentrated and subsequently extracted with ethyl acetate; a total of 2.1 g of crude sample was obtained from 100 g of Ecliptae Herba. A two‐phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (3:7:5:5, v/v) was used for high‐speed counter‐current chromatography separation, by which 23.5 mg wedelolactone, 6.8 mg isodemethylwedelolactone and 5.5 mg luteolin with purities >95% were purified from 300 mg crude sample in a one‐step separation. This research demonstrated that ultra‐high‐pressure extraction combined with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography was an efficient technique for the extraction and purification of coumestans from plant material.
Is it worth turning a trigger into a joke? Humor as an emotion regulation strategy in remitted depression
Authors: Braniecka Anna , Hanć Małgorzata , Wołkowicz Iwona , Chrzczonowicz‐Stępień Agnieszka , Mikołajonek Agnieszka , Lipiec Monika
Published: January 2019

Aim

Humor has long been considered as an effective emotion regulation strategy for people vulnerable to depression, but empirical evidence in this area is scarce. To address this issue, we investigated the emotional consequences of humor in remitted depressed patients and compared them with the effects of positive reappraisal and spontaneous emotion regulation.

Methods

Fifty‐five patients with remitted major depression took part in a laboratory computer experiment in which they were shown negative pictures twice. First, the patients simply viewed the pictures and rated their reactions. Second, they viewed each of the pictures according to instructions, which are to (a) use humor, (b) use positive reappraisal, or (c) simply view the pictures, and then, they again rated their reactions.

Results

Humor was found to decrease negative emotions, increase positive emotions, and enhance the distance from adversity; it was more effective than spontaneous emotion regulation and similarly as effective as positive reappraisal. Humor was the most effortful form of emotion regulation. Patients were able to successfully produce humorous comments, and their failure to do so did not lead to worse emotional outcomes than regulating emotions spontaneously. The analyses also indicated that distancing mediates between using humor and the intensity of positive and negative emotions.

Conclusions

Our findings provide preliminary empirical support for the idea that for individuals vulnerable to depression, humor can be an adaptive tool in dealing with negative responses to aversive events, and, thus, it may impair their potential of these events to trigger depressive episodes. Further studies in this area are warranted to determine the most adaptive forms of humor and analyze their effects in various depressogenic contexts.
Benzylation of Imines with Activated Boronate Nucleophiles
Authors: Hollerbach Michael R. , Hayes Jacob C. , Barker Timothy J.
Published: January 2019

Benzylation reactions of N‐tosylimines and N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl imines using benzylboronic acid pinacol ester are reported. s‐Butyllithium was used to activate the boronic ester, rendering it nucleophilic. The reaction was compatible with electronically diverse substituents on the imine in both substrate classes. Good diastereoselectivity was observed in additions to N‐tert‐butylsulfinylaldimines. The diastereoselectivity observed in these reactions is consistent with an open transition state for the addition. Examples of a secondary alkylboronic ester nucleophile and a N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl trifluoromethylketimine electrophile are also included.
Nonseparable covariance models on circles cross time: A study of Mexico City ozone
Authors: White P. A. , Porcu E.
Published: January 2019

We propose a continuous spatiotemporal model for Mexico City ozone levels that account for distinct daily seasonality, as well as variation across the city and over the peak ozone season (April and May) of 2017. To account for these patterns, we use covariance models over space, circles, and time. We review relevant existing covariance models and develop new classes of nonseparable covariance models appropriate for seasonal data collected at many locations. We compare the predictive performance of a variety of models that utilize various nonseparable covariance functions. We use the best model to predict hourly ozone levels at unmonitored locations in April and May to infer compliance with Mexican air quality standards and to estimate the respiratory health risk associated with ozone exposure. We find that predicted compliance with air quality standards and estimated respiratory health risk vary greatly over space and time. In some regions, we predict exceedance of national standards for more than a third of the hours in April and May, and on many days, we predict that nearly all of Mexico City exceeds nationally legislated ozone thresholds at least once. In southern Mexico City, we estimate the respiratory risk for ozone to be 55% higher, on average, than the annual average risk and as much at 170% higher on some days.
Pricing variance swaps under the Hawkes jump‐diffusion process
Authors: Liu Weiyi , Zhu Song‐Ping
Published: January 2019

This paper presents an analytical approach for pricing variance swaps with discrete sampling times when the underlying asset follows a Hawkes jump‐diffusion process characterized with both stochastic volatility and clustered jumps. A significantly simplified method, with which there is no need to solve partial differential equations, is used to derive a closed‐form pricing formula. A distinguished feature is that many recently published formulas can be shown to be special cases of the one presented here. Some numerical examples are provided with results demonstrating that jump clustering indeed has a significant impact on the price of variance swaps.
Oral cavity cancer management guidelines for low‐resource regions
Authors: Cervenka Brian , Pipkorn Patrik , Fagan Johannes , Zafereo Mark , Aswani Joyce , Macharia Chege , Kundiona Innocent , Mashamba Victor , Zender Chad , Moore Michael
Published: January 2019

Background

The diagnosis and management of oral cavity cancer has been well described in developed countries, however, in regions with fewer medical resources, alternative methods may need to be used. We outline an approach to evaluation and treatment of oral cavity cancer in low‐resource areas.

Methods

Reviews of the Cochrane and Pubmed databases were performed and literature compiled. Expert opinions from the American and African Head and Neck Societies were also provided.

Results

Treatment guidelines for managing oral cavity cancer in low‐resource regions are outlined and the level of supporting evidence is defined.

Discussion

Successful treatment typically involves the use of upfront surgical resection of the primary lesion and any involved or at‐risk cervical lymph node basins, with adjuvant therapy based on the final pathology findings. In situations where services such as adjuvant therapy and/or appropriate reconstruction are not available, alternative approaches to treatment may be needed.
Accelerating the oxygen reduction reaction via a bioinspired carbon‐supported zinc electrocatalyst
Authors: Nahavandi Faezeh , Seyyedi Behnam
Published: January 2019

Oxygen utilization in electrochemical energy generation systems requires to overcome the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we have outstretched an efficient strategy in order for developing a bioinspired Zn (N4)/sulfur/graphitic carbon composite (Zn‐S‐Gc) with an effective performance for the ORR at low temperature. The catalyst composite was created by attaching the Zn (N4) centers in the form of zinc phthalocyanine on the sulfur‐linked graphitic carbon surface. The most positive ORR onset potential of about 1.00 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) was obtained due to the unique structure of a new catalyst in KOH solution (pH = 13) at low temperature (T = 298 K). The catalyst was evaluated using the rotating‐disk electrode method in the potential range of −0.02–1.18 V versus RHE. The number of transferred electrons as one of the most important parameters (n > 3.70) is almost constant in a wide range of low overpotentials (0.1–0.6 V), which indicates a more efficient four‐electron pathway from O2 to H2O on the catalyst surface. The estimated Tafel slope in an appropriate range is about ≈ −133.3 mV/dec at a low current density and E1/2 of the electrocatalyst displays a negative shift of only 11 mV after 10,000 cycles. The mean size of the catalyst centers is on the nanoscale (<50 nm).
Development and validation of an advanced fragment analysis‐based assay for the detection of 22 pathogens in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis and encephalitis
Authors: Long Fang , Kong Mimi , Wu Siying , Zhang Weili , Liao Quanfeng , Peng Zaisheng , Nan Li , Liu Ya , Wang Minjin , He Chao , Wu Yong , Lu Xiaojun , Kang Mei
Published: January 2019

Background

Meningitis and encephalitis (ME) are central nervous system (CNS) infections mainly caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites that result in high morbidity and mortality. The early, accurate diagnosis of pathogens in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and timely medication are associated with better prognosis. Conventional methods, such as culture, microscopic examination, serological detection, CSF routine analysis, and radiological findings, either are time‐consuming or lack sensitivity and specificity.

Methods

To address these clinical needs, we developed an advanced fragment analysis (AFA)‐based assay for the multiplex detection of 22 common ME pathogens, including eight viruses, 11 bacteria, and three fungi. The detection sensitivity of each target was evaluated with a recombinant plasmid. The limits of detection of the 22 pathogens ranged from 15 to 120 copies/reaction. We performed a retrospective study to analyze the pathogens from the CSF specimens of 170 clinically diagnosed ME patients using an AFA‐based assay and compared the results with culture (bacteria and fungi), microscopic examination (fungi), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), and Sanger sequencing (virus) results.

Results

The sensitivity of the AFA assay was 100% for 10 analytes. For Cryptococcus neoformans, the sensitivity was 63.6%. The overall specificity was 98.2%. The turnaround time was reduced to 4‐6 hours from the 3‐7 days required using conventional methods.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the AFA‐based assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for pathogen detection from CSF samples.