bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Arterial Occlusion on Outcome After Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Medlin Friedrich , Amiguet Michael , Vanacker Peter , Michel Patrik
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—

We aimed to assess the interaction between intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and arterial occlusion on acute cervicocerebral computed tomographic angiography on the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—

Patients from the Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL) registry with onset-to-door-time ≤4 hours, acute cervicocerebral computed tomographic angiography, a premorbid modified Rankin Scale ≤2, and a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) >4 were selected. Patients with significant intracranial arterial obstruction (≥50%–99%) and undergoing acute endovascular treatment were excluded. An interaction analysis of IVT and initial arterial occlusion for favorable 3 months outcome (modified Rankin Scale <3) were performed with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results—

Among 654 included patients, 382 (58%) showed arterial occlusion, of whom 263 (69%) received IVT. Two hundred seventy-two showed no/minimal obstruction of whom 139 (51%) received IVT. In the adjusted interaction analysis, there was a trend in favor of the arterial occlusion group (odds ratio [OR]=3.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–18.97;
P
=0.08). IVT (versus no IVT) was associated with better outcome in patients with occlusion (adjusted OR for favorable outcome, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.10–8.28) but not in patients with no/minimal obstruction (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.21–2.74). Conversely, patients with occlusion had a similar rate of favorable outcome as no/minimal obstruction when thrombolysed (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.17–1.47) but had a less favorable outcome without thrombolysis (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04–0.44).

Conclusions—

In this retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke, there was a trend for more favorable outcomes with IVT in the setting of initial arterial occlusion than in the setting of no/minimal obstruction. Before confirmation in randomized controlled studies, this information should not influence thrombolysis decisions, however.
Risk of Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zeng Wu-Tao , Sun Xiu-Ting , Tang Kai , Mei Wei-Yi , Liu Li-Juan , Xu Qing , Cheng Yun-Jiu
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—

Chronic kidney disease may increase the risk for ischemic stroke or systemic embolism in patients with nonvalular atrial fibrillation (AF). We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize all published studies to investigate the link between chronic kidney disease and risk of thromboembolic events in AF.

Methods—

We performed a literature search using MEDLINE (source PubMed, 1966 to July, 2014) and EMBASE (1980 to July 2014) with no restrictions. Pooled effect estimates were obtained by using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results—

Eighteen studies involving 538 479 patients and 41 719 incident thromboembolic events were identified. From the pooled analysis, AF patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min compared with those with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min experienced a significantly increased risk for developing thromboembolic events (relative risk, 1.62 [95% confidence interval, 1.40–1.87;
P
<0.001]). The annual rate of thromboembolic events increased by 0.41% (95% confidence interval, 0.17%–0.65%) for a 10 mL/min decrease in renal function. Addition of renal impairment to CHADS
2
slightly improved the stroke risk stratification.

Conclusions—

Impaired renal function is an independent predictor of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular AF. Consideration of renal function may improve stroke risk stratification in patients with AF.
Migraine Prophylaxis, Ischemic Depolarizations, and Stroke Outcomes in Mice
Authors: Eikermann-Haerter Katharina , Lee Jeong Hyun , Yalcin Nilufer , Yu Esther S. , Daneshmand Ali , Wei Ying , Zheng Yi , Can Anil , Sengul Buse , Ferrari Michel D. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M.J.M. , Ayata Cenk
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—

Migraine with aura is an established stroke risk factor, and excitatory mechanisms such as spreading depression (SD) are implicated in the pathogenesis of both migraine and stroke. Spontaneous SD waves originate within the peri-infarct tissue and exacerbate the metabolic mismatch during focal cerebral ischemia. Genetically enhanced SD susceptibility facilitates anoxic depolarizations and peri-infarct SDs and accelerates infarct growth, suggesting that susceptibility to SD is a critical determinant of vulnerability to ischemic injury. Because chronic treatment with migraine prophylactic drugs suppresses SD susceptibility, we tested whether migraine prophylaxis can also suppress ischemic depolarizations and improve stroke outcome.

Methods—

We measured the cortical susceptibility to SD and ischemic depolarizations, and determined tissue and neurological outcomes after middle cerebral artery occlusion in wild-type and familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 knock-in mice treated with vehicle, topiramate or lamotrigine daily for 7 weeks or as a single dose shortly before testing.

Results—

Chronic treatment with topiramate or lamotrigine reduced the susceptibility to KCl-induced or electric stimulation-induced SDs as well as ischemic depolarizations in both wild-type and familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutant mice. Consequently, both tissue and neurological outcomes were improved. Notably, treatment with a single dose of either drug was ineffective.

Conclusions—

These data underscore the importance of hyperexcitability as a mechanism for increased stroke risk in migraineurs, and suggest that migraine prophylaxis may not only prevent migraine attacks but also protect migraineurs against ischemic injury.
Brain Cell Death Is Reduced With Cooling by 3.5°C to 5°C but Increased With Cooling by 8.5°C in a Piglet Asphyxia Model
Authors: Alonso-Alconada Daniel , Broad Kevin D. , Bainbridge Alan , Chandrasekaran Manigandan , Faulkner Stuart D. , Kerenyi Áron , Hassell Jane , Rocha-Ferreira Eridan , Hristova Mariya , Fleiss Bobbi , Bennett Kate , Kelen Dorottya , Cady Ernest , Gressens Pierre , Golay Xavier , Robertson Nicola J.
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—

In infants with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy, whole-body cooling at 33°C to 34°C for 72 hours is standard care with a number needed to treat to prevent a adverse outcome of 6 to 7. The precise brain temperature providing optimal neuroprotection is unknown.

Methods—

After a quantified global cerebral hypoxic-ischemic insult, 28 piglets aged <24 hours were randomized (each group, n=7) to (1) normothermia (38.5°C throughout) or whole-body cooling 2 to 26 hours after insult to (2) 35°C, (3) 33.5°C, or (4) 30°C. At 48 hours after hypoxia-ischemia, delayed cell death (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling and cleaved caspase 3) and microglial ramification (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1) were evaluated.

Results—

At 48 hours after hypoxia-ischemia, substantial cerebral injury was found in the normothermia and 30°C hypothermia groups. However, with 35°C and 33.5°C cooling, a clear reduction in delayed cell death and microglial activation was observed in most brain regions (
P
<0.05), with no differences between 35°C and 33.5°C cooling groups. A protective pattern was observed, with U-shaped temperature dependence in delayed cell death in periventricular white matter, caudate nucleus, putamen, hippocampus, and thalamus. A microglial activation pattern was also seen, with inverted U-shaped temperature dependence in periventricular white matter, caudate nucleus, internal capsule, and hippocampus (all
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—

Cooling to 35°C (an absolute drop of 3.5°C as in therapeutic hypothermia protocols) or to 33.5°C provided protection in most brain regions after a cerebral hypoxic-ischemic insult in the newborn piglet. Although the relatively wide therapeutic range of a 3.5°C to 5°C drop in temperature reassured, overcooling (an 8.5°C drop) was clearly detrimental in some brain regions.
Reading the Book of Giants in Literary and Historical Context
Authors: Angel Joseph L.
Published: November 2014

This article offers some new suggestions regarding the background and purpose of theBook of Giants in the light of recent scholarship emphasizing (1) the shared features andinterrelatedness of the Aramaic works discovered at Qumran and (2) the need to groundour understanding of early Jewish apocalyptic literature within the socio-political contextof Hellenistic imperial domination. While this intriguing composition has beenlocated correctly within the orbit of early Enochic tradition, the present study broadensthe lens in order to consider the significance of its striking parallels with Danielic tradition,beyond the well-known shared tradition of the throne theophany (4Q530 2 ii 16–20and Dan 7:9–10). Due attention is given both to the Danielic parallels and the transformationsin Giants vis-à-vis the Enochic tradition upon which it depends (the Book ofWatchers), which are interpreted in relation to recent research emphasizing that theearly Enochic and Danielic writings constituted expressions of resistance to imperialrule. In line with this literary and historical contextualization, the study argues for aparadigmatic interpretation of Giants, according to which the monstrous sons of thewatchers symbolize the violent, arrogant Hellenistic rulers of the author’s day.
Intertextual Alliances: Huang Hui’s Synthesis of Confucian and Buddhist Paths to Liberation
Authors: Eichman Jennifer
Published: November 2014

This article argues for a reconsideration of how we categorize individual attempts at sanjiao heyi-style syntheses and characterize the broader late sixteenth-century milieu that nourished such attempts. In Zeng Zheng Kunyan bieyan 贈鄭昆嚴別言 (Parting Words for Zheng Kunyan), Huang Hui 黃輝 (1555–1612) synthesized a highly selective number of Chan Buddhist and Yangming Confucian ideas to create a path to self-cultivation rooted in the interstitial dialogue between the branch of third-generation Yangming Confucians headed by Zhou Rudeng 周汝登 (1547–1629) and the Buddhist teachings expounded by the monk Zhuhong 袾宏 (1535–1615). Unlike Confucian scholars who wrote polemical sanjiao heyi texts, Huang was an enthusiastic synthesizer intent on benefiting from both Buddhist and Confucian traditions. A close analysis of his work offers one illustration of how such syntheses were constructed while further revealing the broader philosophical discourse generated by Huang’s circle. 

Cet article invite à reconsidérer la façon dont sont catégorisées les tentatives individuelles de synthèse entre les “trois religions” (sanjiao heyi) et dont on décrit plus généralement le milieu qui produisait ce genre de tentative à la fin du xvie siècle. Dans ses Paroles d’adieu pour Zheng Kunyan (Zeng Zheng Kunyan bieyan 贈鄭昆嚴別言), Huang Hui 黃輝 (1555–1612) synthétise un certain nombre d’idées soigneusement choisies au sein du bouddhisme chan et du confucianisme de l’école de Wang Yangming pour inventer une voie de perfectionnement moral enracinée dans le dialogue interstitiel entre le groupe de la troisième génération des disciples de Wang Yangming mené par Zhou Rudeng 周汝登 (1547–1629) et les enseignements bouddhistes du moine Zhuhong 袾宏 (1535–1615). Contrairement aux lettrés confucéens qui produisaient des textes polémiques sur les trois religions, Huang se révèle un ardent partisan de la synthèse et cherche à tirer parti des deux traditions, bouddhiste et confucéenne. L’examen attentif de son œuvre illustre la façon dont de telles synthèses étaient édifiées, tout en mettant en évidence le discours philosophique plus général émanant du cercle auquel appartenait Huang.
The Material Culture of Hittite ‘God-drinking’
Authors: Heffron Y.
Published: November 2014

The elusive Hittite cultic phrase DINGIR eku-, “to drink a god,” has long been controversial as regards its precise meaning: Did the phrase refer to a mystical act (comparable to the Eucharist), or was it simply a turn of phrase for toasting the divine? Commentators have thus far remained almost exclusively on philological ground, drawing their conclusions from syntactic arguments and paying little attention to archaeological evidence. This paper offers a new approach to the question of ‘god-drinking’ by focusing primarily on its paraphernalia, namely the vessels themselves, particularly those that are zoomorphic (BIBRU in Hittite texts). The evaluation of zoomorphic vessels centres on the early second millennium forerunners of Hittite BIBRU, namely the large and varied repertoire of the kārum period (20th–17th century b.c.),1 which is exceptionally well-represented at the site of Kültepe-Kaneš/Neša. Also included in the discussion are anthropomorphic vessels and their potential place in cultic drinking. Situating zoomorphic (and anthropomorphic) ritual vessels as part of a continuous tradition throughout the second millennium thus offers a wider scope for understanding their use in the Hittite cult, and their specific function(s) in relation to god-drinking.
‘The Young Wind Once Was a Man’
Authors: Krog Antjie
Published: November 2014

Twenty years ago, the democratic vocabulary of tolerance and forgiveness was powerfully introduced to South Africans, especially by President Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Both their words and actions were later broadened during the hearings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. However, what remains neglected in studies around the transition is what the underpinnings of the words by these two gentlemen were. This article makes a case that a radically different ontology, different to the one made available by the Christian religion, informed them, an ontology that has its roots in the work of the First People. Comparing the sense of self as it appears in indigenous /Xam texts to the sense of self which comfortably misinterpret Mandela’s words in some comic strip frames, the article underlines how important a new sense of self is in redefining concepts desiring a more just world.
Deification, Demonization and Dispossession
Authors: Boesak Allan A.
Published: November 2014

Many regard South Africa’s reconciliation process as a model for a search for peace in and among nations. The South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission played an admirable part in this. However, problems remain in continuing and completing this reconciliation project. For many the failure to secure social justice through reconciliation remains one challenge. At issue is also how South Africans deal with their fractured and painful past. This article revisits issues of culpability and responsibility by asking whether a primary obstacle towards reconciliation might be that South Africans, instead of taking personal and collective responsibility for reconciliation, have hidden behind two major and completely opposite South African figures: Nelson Mandela and Eugene De Kock. It is argued that the ‘deification’ of Mandela and the ‘demonization’ of De Kock pose an important obstacle for the acceptance of culpability and responsibility for addressing historic wrongs with a view to true reconciliation.
Roman Troops in the Bosporus. Old Problem in the Light of a New Inscription Found in Tanais
Authors: Ivantchik Askold
Published: November 2014

The article is devoted to the publication of an inscription found in Tanais, which mentions the erection of a statue of the Bosporan king Sauromatesiii(ad229/230-231/232). The statue was commanded by a person whose name has disappeared and of which only the patronymic (the son of Asandros) is preserved; he was a commander of a “Thracian detachment and a square of hoplites”. A similar connection is mentioned in the funerary orationseg55, 862 from Panticapaeum which allows me to suggest a chronological vicinity of two inscriptions and confirms the date of the second one at the end of the 2nd or in the first half of the 3rd centuryadproposed earlier by G. Bowersock and C. P. Jones (the reign of Sauromatesiiirather than Sauromatesii). An analysis of these and other inscriptions mentioning the “Thracian detachment” makes it possible to interpret this detachment as the Roman auxiliarycohorsiThracum. The soldiers of this cohort were probably sent to the Bosporus from the province of Lower Moesia (not from Bythinia–Pontus, as it was suggested earlier) together with those oflegioiItalicawho participated in the “Bosporan war” mentioned in an inscription from Preslav. 1
An Investigation of the Geometric Proportions of Bell-Shaped Column Bases and Bull Capitals at Persepolis and in Caucasian Achaemenid Sites
Authors: Veisi Mahsa , Nobari Alireza Hejebri , Koohpar Seyed Mousavi , Neyestani Javad
Published: November 2014

Columnar halls were an important architectural phenomenon during the Achaemenid period. The columns varied in shape, but one of the most frequent kind had bell-shaped bases and back to back bull-shaped capitals. Such columns were not only to be found in Persian capitals but also on Achaemenid sites in Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia that lay within the vast Persian Empire. We know that the Achaemenids in Persia used precise geometric proportions in their architecture and sculpture; here in this paper we consider whether there are any similarities between the architectural proportions of buildings at Persepolis and on Caucasian sites. If so, it would indicate that there was a consistent architectural management throughout lands controlled by the Achaemenids.
The Role of the Courts in the Social Construction of Religious Freedom in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Richardson James T. , Lee Brian M.
Published: November 2014

This article takes a social-constructionist view of the role played by judicial systems in selected Central and East European nations, formerly dominated by the Soviet Union, in defining the meaning of religious freedom. The focus is on the role of national courts, including constitutional courts, and especially the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in this process, with particular attention being paid to the interaction of these separate court systems in defining religious freedom in the various nations. The function of possible ‘pilot judgments’ of the ECtHR in this process is examined. An overall assessment of the role of judicial systems offers a mixed, but somewhat optimistic, view of the role being played by the court systems in the region which seems to support the idea that the ‘judicialization of politics’—addressed by scholars in other branches of law—is also occurring in the area of religious freedom.
Heritage, Blackness and Afro-Cool
Authors: de Witte Marleen
Published: November 2014

This article focuses on the recent emergence of an “Afro-Dutch” category of self-identification among young people in Amsterdam. Dutch-born youth of different Afro-Caribbean and African backgrounds show a new sense of (and search for) a shared African heritage, and a growing desire for public exposure and recognition of this Africanness. Manifesting in, for example, media initiatives, performing arts, cultural festivals, and bodily fashions, this trend is characterized by an aesthetic emphasis on globalized African styles and by political struggles about the inclusion of African heritage in Dutch imaginations of nationhood. Approaching Africanness as a process of becoming and a practice of self-styling, this article explores the convergence between the renewed interest in African roots among Dutch-born Afro-Caribbeans and the ways in which Ghanaian youth engage with their African origins. It discerns three prominent, but contested tropes with regard to their framing and design of Africanness: “African heritage”, “blackness” and “Afro-cool”.
New Roots
Authors: Modest Wayne , Jaffe Rivke
Published: November 2014

This article explores contemporary ontologies of blackness in the Caribbean island of Jamaica. Approaching blackness as an ontological issue – an issue that pertains to the being, or the existence, of a category of people – we emphasize the spatial dimension of such ontologies. Drawing on Jamaican contemporary art and popular music, we propose that the site of blackness, as it is imagined in Jamaica, has shifted from Africa towards ‘the ghetto.’ Tracing changing Jamaican perspectives on race and nation, the article discusses how self-definitions of ‘being black’ and ‘being Jamaican’ involve the negotiation of historical consciousness and transnational connectivity. During much of the twentieth century, various Jamaican social and political movements looked primarily to the African continent as a referent for blackness. In the twenty-first century, the urban space of the ghetto has become more central in Jamaican social commentary and critique. By tracing the historical shifts of the spatial imaginary onto which racial belonging and authenticity are projected, we seek to foreground the mutability of the relation between blackness and Africanness.
“I am African, iko nini”
Authors: Spronk Rachel
Published: November 2014

In Nairobi, young urban professionals self-confidently position themselves as Africans, while they are simultaneously reproached for being ‘un-African’. I explore this economy of claims and how it relates to the way the lifestyles of young professionals become the focus of generational conflict. I follow how various actors use the notions African, Western, modern and traditional as reified concepts that comprise a discursive field of practices. Disentangling public debates and individual self-perceptions, it becomes clear that matters of cultural heritage, gerontocratic relations and intergenerational expectations, and shifts in gender and sexuality reflect a field of tension and ambivalence. Young urban professionals display a vibrant cosmopolitan way of being and are the visible results of social transformations that started with their grandparents.
A Changing Party Landscape?
Authors: Armakolas Ioannis , Karabairis Apostolis
Published: November 2014

This article examines the 2010 general elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in view of the upcoming 2014 elections. The authors argue that analyses of Bosnian elections need to take into account the realignment of the Bosnian party system during the second half of the 2000s. Through an analysis of the 2010 election results, the constants and the shifts in Bosnian electoral behavior are detected and employed along with the governmental record of the recent years to propose what the stakes of the upcoming elections might be.
The Social Effects of the Economic Crisis in the Western Balkans: A Case Study of Unreconstructed Welfare Regimes
Authors: Sotiropoulos Dimitri A.
Published: November 2014

The recent economic crisis has led to a deterioration of the social situation in the Western Balkans. Already before the crisis, a combination of war and conflict, legacies of economic underdevelopment, labour market problems, inadequate social expenditure, and faltering economic growth had produced lingering poverty, unemployment, and income inequality. These trends can be explained in the context of fragmented and uneven welfare regimes that do not approximate any of the available types of welfare capitalism. From 2009 to 2012, the economies of the region suffered from a ‘double dip’ recession, which exacerbated earlier adverse social effects. Poverty, which had been partly alleviated before 2008, became extensive again, while unemployment has been on the rise over the last five years. Extreme poverty, new poverty, and youth unemployment are examples of the crisis’ effects. In spite of this situation, the policy responses of West Balkan governments to the social effects of the crisis have been haphazard, while international assistance never considered the fight against poverty to be a major priority. Such a fight, however, calls for a combination of new, socially sensitive priorities on the part of international donors, including international financial institutions and the eu, and a more systematic ‘welfare effort’ by national governments in the region. A human security-based strategy will also be needed in order to avoid further deterioration in the living conditions of the poverty-stricken categories of the Western Balkan populations. National governments will therefore need to reconstruct the welfare regimes of the West Balkan states, which have been left incomplete since the transitions of 1989.
Brotherhood, Solidarity, and the Rabbinic Construction of the Commandment to Return Lost Property
Authors: Schremer Adiel
Published: November 2014

The present article discusses the biblical commandment to return lost property (hashavat aveda) and the manner by which it is treated by the early rabbinic tradition. I argue that it is possible to read the two passages in the Torah in which the commandment is mentioned (Ex. 23:4–5; Deut. 23:1–5) as an attempt at constructing an ethical stance of unselfishness, in which the other and the other’s loss are given priority over one’s selfish instincts. To this end, the Torah uses the rhetoric of brotherhood, intended to stimulate feelings of solidarity and to encourage members of the community to treat each other with empathy, care, and compassion. However, most of the legal discussions of the commandment in early rabbinic literature favored a legalistic interpretation of the Torah rhetoric, according to which the use of the word “brother” was meant to delineate the scope of the commandment, that is, to specify whose lost property a Jew is commanded to return and whose not, rather than to induce sentiments of compassion and solidarity. I suggest that although this line of interpretation stems from a deep rabbinic refusal to accept the interpretive possibility that the commandment to return lost property includes non-Jews, it also reflects a broader rabbinic tendency to deny a role in halakhic discourse to emotions.
A new subspecies of Pulmonaria officinalis (Boraginaceae) from the southern Alps
Authors: Astuti Giovanni , Cristofolini Giovanni , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Pupillo Paolo
Published: November 2014

Populations of Pulmonaria with unique features associated with shady and dry conditions were found in high beech woods on the west side of Mt. Marzola and in other dolomitic sites of Trentino (southern Italian Alps). Morpho-statistical and karyological analyses suggest that these populations represent a new subspecies of P. officinalis, Pulmonaria officinalis subsp. marzolae. The change of the basal leaf shape during the year, peculiar traits of foliar spots and hairs as well as a divergence of the karyotype asymmetry parameters suggest that this taxon is distinct from the typical form of P. officinalis. General form, the major hair types, inflorescence morphology and the chromosome number 2n = 16, however, suggest its affinity to this species.
A critically endangered new species of Comanthera from Bahia, Brazil (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae)
Authors: Echternacht Livia
Published: November 2014

The present work describes and illustrates the new narrowly endemic species Comanthera pignalii (Eriocaulaceae: Paepalanthoideae). This species is restricted to the white-sand environments in the Campos Rupestres at the border of the Serra Geral, in the Espinhaço Mountain Range in Bahia, Brazil. The morphological variation, habitat and geographic distribution of the species are discussed. It is critically endangered according to the IUCN criteria B2ab (i, ii, iii, iv), as evaluated by CNCFlora, the Plant Red List Authority in Brazil. This is the first newly published plant species already officially proposed to the Brazilian Red List.
Revision of the genus Metoisops (Hemiptera: Heteroptera, Miridae, Isometopinae) from late Eocene European amber
Authors: HERCZEK ALEKSANDER , POPOV YURI A.
Published: November 2014

Metoisops akingbohungbei, M. groehni, M. punctatodiffusus, M. intergerivus, M. grabenhorsti, M. variabilis, and M. consimilis are described as new species from the late Eocene Baltic, Ukrainian, (Rovno) and Saxonian (Bitterfeld) amber. The new diagnosis of the genus Metoisops and also all species of this genus presented, along with illustrations. An analysis of all studied specimens referring to of Metoisops from different Eocene European amber demonstrates the great variability of their features, and allows for differentiation of species. Ratios of the width and length of body, eye, vertex, antennal and rostral segments, pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum, claval commissura, length of hind femur, tibia and tarsus, corium and cuneus length, as well as ratio of membrane cell’s width and length of all 9 species of the genus Metoisops are presented.
Nematocarcinus Milne Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Southwestern Atlantic, including the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge area
Authors: CARDOSO IRENE A. , BURUKOVSKY RUDOLF N.
Published: November 2014

The deep sea shrimp genus Nematocarcinus Milne Edwards, 1881 includes 47 species, ten of them have been recorded from the Atlantic Ocean. Herein, material sampled during three scientific projects (REVIZEE Central Fishery project; Campos Basin Deep Sea Environmental Project; Evaluation of Environmental Heterogeneity in the Campos Basin) made in the Southwestern Atlantic, off Brazil, is examined. In addition, material sampled from the South Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR-ECO Project) was also examined. Four species are recorded for the first time to the southwestern Atlantic Ocean including Mid Atlantic Ridge area: Nematocarcinus faxoni Burukovsky, 2001; N. gracilipes Filhol, 1884; N. rotundus Crosnier & Forest, 1973 and N. tenuipes Spence-Bate, 1888.
Two new water beetles from the Hantamsberg, an inselberg in the Northern Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)
Authors: BILTON DAVID T.
Published: November 2014

Mesoceration hantam sp. nov. and Parhydraena faeni sp. nov., are described from the Hantamsberg plateau, an inselberg in the Northern Cape of South Africa. The new species are so far known only from temporary waters on the Hantamsberg summit, where they were both abundant. Sampling in these mountains also revealed an interesting accompanying water beetle fauna, including the northernmost known record of Hydropeplus montanus Omer-Cooper, a species characteristic of mountain fynbos further south in the region.
A review of the genus Heterodina Kensley & Schotte, 2005 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Sphaeromatidae) with description of a new species from Iran
Authors: KHALAJI-PIRBALOUTY VALIALLAH , BRUCE NIEL L.
Published: November 2014

Heterodina Schotte & Kensley, 2005 is revised with Heterodina qeshmensis sp. nov., described from the subtidal zone of the Qeshm Island, southern Iran. Heterodina qeshmensis sp. nov. is characterized by: unornamented dorsal surfaces, wide and anteriorly concave epistome, and the appendix masculina with sub-parallel margins and not extending beyond the distal margin of the endopod. A key to the species is provided. The penial processes of Heterodina mccaini Schotte & Kensley, 2005 is also re-illustrated.
Value Creation, Value Capture, and Value Devolution
Authors: Agafonow Alejandro
Published: November 2014

Scientific literature on social enterprise is at an impasse. Either social enterprises maximize profits to have a chance of impact investment or they prevent mission drift by avoiding profit maximization along the lines of traditional philanthropy. This article breaks this stalemate by building on the facts that constrain the daily operation of a social enterprise. It is submitted that a social enterprise is a mechanism for value creation that forgoes value capture and engages in value devolution to serve a wider vulnerable clientele. The term value devolution implies giving away market power for consumers’ sake.
Reconstructing past media ecologies: The 1960s generation in Sweden
Authors: Björkin Mats
Published: November 2014

This article examines how an analysis of a broader media ecology of a particular generation can offer a more complex account of past audience habits than the ones we gain from quantitative audience ratings based on one medium alone. It also shows how past surveys can be put to use anew within new theoretical frameworks. The main argument is based on a cultural studies–inspired interpretation of a home electronics survey, conducted by the Swedish public service radio’s research unit in 1985. The main focus is on members of the cohort born during the 1960s, who grew up with television and quickly became avid television users. The longitudinal analysis of television preferences within the broader media ecology of this generation sheds new light on the relationships between different media, but also on the long-term impact that a particular media ecology may have on one’s engagement with the media at later stages of life.
Apparent diffusion coefficient for lymph node characterization after chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Kim Seung Ho , Ryu Kyeong Hwa , Yoon Jung-Hee , Lee Yedaun , Paik Jin Ho , Kim Suk Jung , Jung Hyun Kyung , Lee Kwang Hwi
Published: November 2014

Background

Because further treatment plans depends on lymph node (LN) status after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT), the accurate characterization of LN is important.

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for LN characterization after CRT and to compare the performance with that of LN size.

Material and Methods

Fifty-three patients (36 men, 17 women; mean age, 58 years; age range, 34–79 years) who underwent CRT and subsequent surgery were included. All patients underwent 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each regional LN on post-CRT MRI was identified in consensus by two radiologists after reviewing the pre-CRT MRI. The ADC value and size in each LN was measured. To compare the mean ADC values and sizes of the metastatic and non-metastatic LNs after CRT, the t-test was used. To calculate the performance, a ROC curve analysis was performed. The histopathological examinations served as the reference standard.

Results

A total of 115 LNs (29 metastatic and 86 non-metastatic) were matched and analyzed. The mean ADC of the metastatic LNs was significantly higher than that of the non-metastatic LNs (1.36 ± 0.27 × 10–3mm2/s; 1.13 ± 0.23 × 10–3mm2/s, P < 0.0001). The mean size of the metastatic LNs was also significantly larger than that of the non-metastatic LNs (5.6 ± 3.1; 3.9 ± 1.2, P = 0.0078). There was no significant difference between the areas under the curve of the ADC and size (0.742 [95% CI, 0.652–0.819]; 0.680 [0.586–0.764], respectively, P = 0.4090).

Conclusion

The performance of ADC for LN characterization after CRT was comparable to that of LN size.
Role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in modulating the efficiency of poultry litter composting with rock phosphate and its effect on growth and yield of wheat
Authors: Billah Motsim , Bano Asghari
Published: November 2014

The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in P solubilisation from rock phosphate through composting with poultry litter, and further to study the effects of prepared enriched composts on growth, yield, and phosphorus uptake of wheat crop. Various phosphorus-enriched composts were prepared from rock phosphate and poultry litter (1:10) with and without inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacterias ( Pseudomonas sp. and Proteus sp.). Results showed that the rock-phosphate-added poultry litter had higher total phosphorus, available (Mehlic-3 extracted) phosphorus, microbial biomass (carbon and phosphorus), and lower total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon/nitrogen ratio over poultry litter alone. Inoculation of Pseudomonas sp. with rock phosphate-added poultry litter showed maximum increase in available phosphorus (41% of total phosphorus) followed by Proteus sp. inoculation (30% of total phosphorus) over uninoculated treatment (23% of total phosphorus) on the 120th day of composting. Microbial biomass (carbon and phosphorus) increased up to Day 45 and tended to decrease till the 120th day of composting, irrespective of the treatments. However, in pot experiments, wheat seeds receiving inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacterias, subsequently treated with rock phosphate-enriched compost proved highly stimulatory to plant height, phosphorus uptake, grain yield, and seed phosphorus content over uninoculated untreated control. The plant growth promoting rhizobacterias inoculation can be a sustainable source releasing phosphorus from low grade rock phosphate through composting and application of rock phosphate-enriched compost can be an alternative to chemical fertilisers for better crop production.
How Social and Human Capital Predict Participation in Lifelong Learning
Authors: Knipprath Heidi , De Rick Katleen
Published: November 2014

Policy makers and researchers are increasingly showing interest in lifelong learning due to a rising unemployment rate in recent years. Much attention has been paid to determinants and benefits of lifelong learning but not to the impact of social capital on lifelong learning so far. In this article, we study how social and human capital can predict participation in lifelong learning in (non)formal settings. We use, in contrast with previous studies, longitudinal data to test the hypothesis that the impact of social capital on lifelong learning in (non)formal settings differs according to the educational degree one has attained during initial schooling. Although our findings indicate that human capital, labor market position, and other individual characteristics are more important predictors of lifelong learning than social capital, they also indicate that social capital can still be beneficial for those who do not have a higher educational degree.
Effect of a conical nozzle orifice on the combustion and emissions in a direct-injection compression ignition engine under low-load conditions
Authors: Kong Jangsik , Bae Choongsik
Published: November 2014

This experimental study investigates the effect of a conical nozzle orifice on the combustion and emissions of an optically accessible single-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a high-pressure common-rail injection system. In-cylinder pressure analysis and emission measurements were conducted to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics. Direct imaging visualization was used to characterize the combustion process. The engine was operated at an indicated mean effective pressure of 0.5 MPa, an engine speed of 1200 r/min and injection pressures of 30 MPa, 80 MPa and 120 MPa. The results showed that overall combustion occurred more quickly when a conical nozzle orifice was used than with a cylindrical nozzle orifice. The ignition delay of the conical nozzle orifice was shorter than that of the cylindrical nozzle orifice. The conical nozzle orifice also showed a lower peak heat release rate and a larger diffusion burn proportion during the combustion process. In terms of emissions, the conical nozzle orifice emitted lower smoke emissions and produced higher nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbon emissions. Direct combustion imaging confirmed that the conical nozzle orifice had a shorter ignition delay and a larger proportion of diffusion combustion. Moreover, its flame intensity was higher than that from the cylindrical nozzle orifice owing to its improved atomization and prolonged diffusion combustion.
Hydroxychloroquine-induced toxic hepatitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report
Authors: Abdel Galil S M
Published: November 2014

Increased serum level of liver enzymes is a common finding in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hepatotoxic drugs, viral hepatitis and fatty liver are thought to be the main causes of hepatic lesion in these patients. Our aim was to determine the cause of strikingly elevated liver enzymes in a case with systemic lupus presenting with acute abdomen. Liver enzyme abnormality was defined as a 10-fold or greater increase in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Acute toxic hepatitis was diagnosed, which rapidly returned to normal after cessation of the suspected causative medication, hydroxychloroquine, and subsequent administration of mycophenolate mofetil. Elevated liver enzymes are a majorconcern and should be well investigated in SLE patients.
Organizational Climate as Performance Driver
Authors: Carlucci Daniela , Schiuma Giovanni
Published: November 2014

Recently health care (HC) organizations have increasingly embarked on organizational climate (OC) assessment with the intent to improve their efficiency and the quality of the delivered services. This is important; however, it is even if more crucial to ensure that workers engaged in the evaluation process are aware of the importance of their fruitful engagement in this investigation as well as of its potential benefits. From the management viewpoint, this is crucial to plan and implement management initiatives able to create a great place to work. The purpose of this paper is to shed empirical light on how, in effect, HC workers perceive OC for itself and as a performance driver to assess and manage. The study was carried out through an action research (AR) project, which included the use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Key phases of the AR project were some focus groups and a survey. During the focus groups, several methods and approaches were adopted for getting opinions from people and animating discussion. About the survey, a total sample of 560 HC workers was investigated.

 The AR project has shown that even if HC workers intuitively conceive OC as an important performance driver, the meaning of the construct is not completely clear. Moreover, a good level of awareness among HC workers about how and why OC can improve individual and organizational performance represents a key issue to address in evaluating and managing OC.
Motivations, Satisfaction, and Fears of Death and Dying in Residential Hospice Volunteers
Authors: Nissim Rinat , Emmerson Debbie , O’Neill Bill , Marchington Katie , Draper Haley , Rodin Gary
Published: November 2014

Rationale:

Studies conducted on hospice volunteers’ characteristics and experiences have been cross-sectional. We conducted a prospective study to examine changes in the volunteer experience over time in a cohort of volunteers during the first year of a new residential hospice.

Method:

Eighty-two active volunteers completed an online baseline survey, and of these, 39 completed a follow-up survey at 6 months. The survey included measures of motivations to volunteer, satisfaction with role and with the organization, and fear of death and dying.

Results:

Repeated measures analyses indicated that motivations to volunteer remained stable over time while volunteer satisfaction increased with time. Baseline level of fears of death and dying varied by age, volunteer role, and motivations to volunteer and decreased at 6 months.

Conclusion:

Volunteering in a residential hospice tends to be a satisfying experience that helps to allay fears about death and dying.
Fine-tuning non-discrimination law
Authors: Muir Elise
Published: November 2014

This article explores the outer and inner boundaries of the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of age as established by European Union (EU) law and implemented in a selected number of member states. The case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on the matter is marked by a broad interpretation of the material scope of the prohibition of age discrimination. A large range of situations thereby fall within the scope of EU law; yet the European Court has overall adopted a rather flexible approach to acknowledging the legitimacy of justifications as well as the adequacy and necessity of measures having a discriminatory effect. Some of the key substantive challenges faced by courts relate to the delicate link between age and capabilities as well as to the interaction between the prohibition of age discrimination and retirement ages. It will be argued that the complexity of the CJEU’s case law on the matter is regrettable.
Surgical hardware-related iatrogenic venous compression syndrome
Authors: Mathur Moses , Shafi Irfan , Alkhouli Mohamad , Bashir Riyaz
Published: November 2014

Deep vein thrombosis related to immobilization is a common and extensively studied disorder, particularly in hospitalized patients. However, the phenomenon of iatrogenic venous compression (IAVC) and related deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is under-recognized and under-reported. In the absence of relieving the compressive pathology, the recanalization rates are expected to be very low – thereby putting patients at a significant risk for the development of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). In this report, we describe two cases of DVT related to IAVC, and review similar cases that have been previously reported in the literature. With advancements in catheter-based technology, patients with IAVC (with or without DVT) may now be offered advanced endovascular treatment options such as catheter-directed pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (PMT) and percutaneous venoplasty and/or stenting. Hence, timely recognition and treatment is essential in the prevention of disabling PTS or life-threatening pulmonary embolism.
Prone ventilation in a patient with traumatic brain injury, bifrontal craniectomy and intracranial hypertension
Authors: Kayani Arooj S , Feldman Jeremy P
Published: November 2014

Background

Prone position during mechanical ventilation has shown to improve oxygenation and decrease mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prone ventilation has been described in trauma patients, but there is paucity of data on prone ventilation in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Case

We present the case of a 23 year old male who presented with a closed head injury and was intubated for depressed mental status. Imaging revealed a left parietal epidural hematoma and multiple intracranial hemorrhages. He was also found to have elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Medical management, external ventricular drain (EVD) as well as left hemicraniectomy and evacuation of the epidural hematoma all failed to lower the ICP. The patient eventually underwent bifrontal craniectomy and extension of left hemicraniectomy. One week later, he developed aspiration pneumonia and ARDS. Despite traumatic brain injury and bifrontal craniectomy, the patient was placed on prone ventilation for three days. He was maintained on higher than usual tidal volumes, and positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was increased cautiously due to elevated ICP. He also developed fever of central origin and was placed on a normothermia protocol with a venous cooling catheter, which was discontinued after 10 days upon resolution of the fever. The patient eventually had a cranioplasty and was weaned off the ventilator. He was discharged home after neurorehabilitation.

Conclusion

Most of the studies on prone ventilation excluded patients with traumatic brain injury and reduced intracranial compliance. Our case demonstrates that non-conventional modes of ventilation like prone position ventilation as well as higher tidal volumes and moderate PEEP, if employed cautiously, can be used successfully in patients with traumatic brain injury, intracranial hypertension and craniectomy.