bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the heating networks efficiency by implementing instrumental methods of control
Authors: Politova T.O. , Ziganshin Sh.G. , Bazukova E.R. , Busarov A.V.
Published: February 2020

Problems of increasing the reliability and efficiency of heating networks operation are closely related to the reduction of costs for the repair and restoration activities. The high cost of installation and emergency restoration work in the conditions of a shortage of funds dictates the need to develop and implement new methods of maintenance. Diagnostics of heat networks allows to determine their technical condition, to identify the most decrepit sections of pipelines for the purpose of repair work.
The influence of changes in the project on the reliability of heat power systems during construction and installation works
Authors: Gorbunova T.G. , Politova T.O. , Ziganshin Sh.G. , Izmailova E.V. , Serov V.V.
Published: February 2020

However, during the construction and reconstruction of existing heat networks, cases that lead to unstable operation of newly laid or replaced areas arise. An important task is to minimize the reasons that can cause damage to replaced areas. Factors that negatively affect the reliability include: laying pipelines without design documentation, non-compliance of the regulatory requirements for their laying by installation organizations. The assumptions of design engineers developing the project and installers laying the heating main can lead to negative consequences, including a decrease in the reliability of the facilities functioning. Physical deterioration, coupled with the above factors, leads to a large number of failures of heat networks. Breakthroughs reduce the reliability of the entire heat supply system, worsen the quality of the supplied coolant and lead to an increase in the cost of maintenance of heat networks by operating organizations. The paper considers the influence of changes in the project during the construction and installation works on the reliability of the heat supply system.
Analysis on Key Ideas of Research Progress in Biotechnology Crop Food Detection Technology
Authors: Tianfei Dong
Published: February 2020

Food not only provides nutrition to people, maintains vitality, but also it is related to people’s health. In view of the fact that current food safety issues are still common, it is very important to do a good job in food safety testing. Biotech crop food is a product that can be directly consumed. In order to improve people’s trust in such products, scientific biotechnology testing methods can improve the efficiency and quality of food testing and ensure people eat food safely. This paper will analyze the basic types of food testing technology, and then introduce the application of several key detection technologies in biotech crop food testing, and discuss the shortcomings in current food testing, and do a brief overview of future development on the biotech crop food testing technology.
Research Progress on Development and Utilization of Blueberry Wine and its Pomace
Authors: Yu Songyun
Published: February 2020

Blueberry, a nutritious fruit with unique flavor, is widely used for fruit wine brewing in China. However, technical problems and the lack of diversity in nutrition and taste are factors preventing further development and utilization of blueberry for greater added value. In this paper, recent studies on blueberry compound wine and fermentation technology of blueberry beer were analyzed and summarized along with proposals on the development and utilization of blueberry fruit residue in the food manufacturing industry, serving as a reference for the development and utilization of blueberry wine and the industrial processing of blueberry beer residue.
Analysis on Microbial Flora Changes During Processing and Storage of Spiced Goose Based on Pcr-Dgge Combined with Conventional Microbial Culture Methods
Authors: Li Xing , Ou Xiuqiong , Jing Shaohong , Zhong Zhengze , Bu Lijun , Xie Huadong , Li Rui , Zhang Xiaochun
Published: February 2020

During the processing and storage process of spiced goose, samples were collected from raw goose meat (R0), spiced goose meat cooled for 2 hours (2h) and spiced goose meat stored for 1day (1d), 3 days (3d) and 5 days (5d). Microbial flora changes in spiced goose during the processing and storage process were analyzed by conventional microbial culture methods, polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The results indicated that more abundant microbial diversity was determined in goose meat through PCR-DGGE technology than conventional microbial culture methods. According to the PCR-DGGE results, the dominant bacteria in R0 and 2h were Aeromonas and Acinetobacter. On 1d, the dominant bacteria also included Weissella and Enterobacter, and on 3d, Aeromonas was no longer dominant. The dominant bacteria became Weissella, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus on 5d.
Analysis of melatonin content and gene expression in Chinese cherry leaves
Authors: Wang Xin , Shen Tian , Zhang Xuefeng , Hu Peng , Tu Hongxia , Zhou Gui-hong , Liang Dong , Xia Hui
Published: February 2020

To investigate the accumulation characteristics and mechanism of melatonin in cherry leaves of different leaf ages, the melatonin content and the expression of synthetic genes in cherry leaves of different leaf ages were measured. The results showed that the highest melatonin content was found in young leaves of cherry. By analyzing the expression of genes for melatonin synthesis in leaves of different leaf ages, it was found that there was a good correlation between gene expression and melatonin content, and the trend was similar, both young leaves were higher than mature leaves and old leaves. By measuring the melatonin content in cherry leaves and the expression of genes for melatonin synthesis, this paper revealed the accumulation rule of melatonin in cherry leaves, and provided a reference for studying the characteristics of melatonin accumulation in plant leaves.
Analysis on antibacterial activities and volatile compounds of Maillard reaction products derived from squid skin
Authors: Ji Lili , Zhang Yan , Song Wendong , Cai Lu , Wang Yaning , Guo Jian
Published: February 2020

Maillard reaction products (MRPs) could offer flavor and aroma for food, and also render functional characteristics. In this work, three squid skin Maillard reaction products with glucose (GSS), fructose (FSS) and lactose (LSS) were prepared, whose volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. And the antibacterial activities of three Maillard reaction products against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio harveyi were investigated. The results showed that the volatile compounds of squid skin MRPs mainly contained alcohol, acid, phenol, ester, aldehyde, alkane, alkene, amide and ester, among which alcohol was the predominant component in the GSS and LSS, accounting for 53.87±6.02 % and 83.67±3.64%, respectively, however, acid was predominant component in the FSS, accounting for 54.19±3.38 %. Surprisingly, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), as a synthetic antioxidant, was firstly identified in these three MRPs, which directly indicated squid skin MRPs have antioxidant activities. It is demonstrated that the antibacterial abilities of LSS and GSS were superior to that of FSS, and Escherichia coli was the most sensitive to the three MRPs among the three tested bacteria. This study demonstrates squid skin MRPs possess antioxidant and antibacterial abilities, which shows promising and far-ranging prospect in the fields of food additives.
Research on the charging rules of shore power service charge in China
Authors: Tang Siyuan , Li Yiqin , Liu Nannan , Li Haibo
Published: February 2020

Firstly, this paper defines the definition and attribute of shore power service charge, and combs the current situation of shore power service charge and electricity charge in China. At the same time, the paper analyses the cost of shore power service, electricity charge of the power supply department and the cost of ship's using fuel oil for self-generation, and makes a comprehensive comparison between the cost of ship's using shore power and the cost of ship's self-generation. Finally, according to the principle of ensuring that the cost of using shore power (shore power service charge plus electricity charge) is lower than the cost of self-generation for ships, the paper puts forward suggestions that the shore power service charge should be collected according to the power usage and the government should issue guidance prices.
An Analysis of Driving Factors on Water and Sediment Evolution
Authors: Zhao Wei , Mao Yufei , Fang Yuanyuan
Published: February 2020

The underlying surface has an influence on the characteristics of runoff and sediment characteristics in river basins. And the features of the different scales underlying surfaces have various effects on the runoff and sediment discharge in Kuye River. By analysing the concerned data from 1980 to 2013, this paper took 3 different scales watersheds in Kuye River Basin as the objects to study the influence of the underlying surface change on the runoff and sediment evolution in different scales and calculate the correlation degree of the driving factors by using grey relational analysis.
Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS): Comparative analysis of country-specific offerings between Germany and China
Authors: Qin Xiao , Wang Wei
Published: February 2020

This study focuses on mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) and services. The country-specific differences, which relate to mobility behaviour and supply, as well as the importance of MaaS in Germany and China, are summarised and illustrated by: that the development of MaaS by analysing the current state of mobility offers in Germany and China must be closely compared. With the help of service-dominant logic, self-determination theories and cultural dimensions theory, customer wishes and mobility behaviour are taken into account and discussed in the development of the MaaS, so that one can explore how MaaS responds accordingly and how such offers change. Today's services on the market are presented and summarised, they are public transport, biking, car, ride-sharing, etc. Furthermore, the importance is to be analysed by examining the influence and synergy of the MaaS on the micro, meso and macro levels. The reasons for country-specific differences and own development problems can then be discussed. Finally, the trend towards future development is based on the previous analysis and some recommendations are to be offered for the optimisation of the MaaS offers and their implementation.
Application of Augmented Reality (AR) Technologies in inhouse Logistics
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Fei , Song Wei , Su Shun
Published: February 2020

As a new information technology, mobile augmented reality (AR) technology has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Mobile AR uses mobile terminal, with the help of entity object recognition, obtains virtual information through calculation or in database, and superimposes virtual information on live video to realize the "enhancement" of virtual information to reality. In order to explore the application of AR technology in inhouse logistics, this paper analyses the principle and technical characteristics of AR technology. By analysing the application status of AR technology in inhouse logistics, the application advantages of AR technology in inhouse logistics are obtained. This paper summarizes 36 cases of AR technology application in inhouse logistics, summarizes and analyses the application prospect of AR technology in inhouse logistics. The functions of AR technology in the process of receiving, storage, sorting, transportation, inventory and planning are put forward. It provides theoretical guidance for the practical application of AR technology in inhouse logistics.
Wind tunnel investigation on the dust emission characteristics of high moisture coal piles
Authors: Hong Ningning , Peng Shitao , Zhao Hongxin , Su Ning
Published: February 2020

With the increasing requirements of environmental protection, a large number of new wet dust suppression technologies are used in the port in recent years, such as watering at the bottom of the Dumper Shed, etc. So the moisture content of coal is more than 10% often appear. Relevant studies show that the amount of dust from coal (conventional moisture content) pile is directly proportional to the high power of wind speed. But studies on high moisture content coal are rare. In this study, Wind tunnel test was carried out to study the dust emission behavior of coal with high moisture content (13.7% and 14.3%). The results show that the relationship between coal dust and wind speed tends to be linear under high moisture content. The study can provide a basis research for the estimation of coal dust emission in port.
Wind tunnel Assessment of Wind Environment and Dust Suppression Effect of Windbreak in Port Bulk Storage Yards
Authors: Su Ning , Hong Ningning , Peng Shitao , Zhao Hongxin , Hu Tao
Published: February 2020

Windbreaks projects are constructed in order to reduce the dusting in port bulk storage yards. The assessment of wind environment and dust suppression effects are important in the planning or preliminary design of such projects. This paper takes a large port bulk storage yard with 853m x 966m area as an example, velocity measurement wind tunnel tests were carried out. The wind velocity reduction ratio and dust suppression rate were used to access the wind environment and the dust suppression effect. The influence of windbreak height was investigated. The comprehensive wind speed reduction rate and dust suppression rate vary with windbreak height nearly linearly. And combined with spraying system, the dust suppression rate can reach beyond 95%, which provides reference and assessment method for relative engineering applications.
On the key points of the construction of characteristic service area
Authors: Qiang Rongrong , Liu Zhiqiang , Shang Xiaodong , Liang Tianwen
Published: February 2020

Service area is an important part of expressway. The construction of characteristic thematic service area is of great significance for improving highway service facilities and ensuring highway traffic safety. Through the study of location, facility layout, landscape design and architectural design of the characteristic service area, this paper analyzes the key points of the construction of the characteristic service area, which is helpful for the design and construction of the open and multi-functional service area. On the basis of meeting the functional requirements of the service area, it is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions, create the service area landscape with distinct personality and outstanding characteristics, and show the regional culture.
Layout Methods of Monitoring Stations for Diesel Freight Trucks Emission Supervision Using Highway Traffic Survey Data—— Taking Shanxi Province as an Example
Authors: Wu Rui , Xu Honglei , Liu Jie , Yang Xiaowen , Tan Xiaoyu , Gong Weiwei , Lin Jing
Published: February 2020

The in-use diesel trucks have high use intensity, high mobility, and frequent excessive emissions, which have become one of the important air pollution sources. The Action Plan for Tackling the Challenges of Diesel Truck Pollution Control issued by the Chinese government requires the establishment of a national monitoring network for transport-related air pollution and the use of various means to monitor diesel truck emissions. This study briefly summarized the requirements for diesel truck emission monitoring and supervision. Relying on the highway network traffic survey data, a method for identifying the main route of regional highway freight transportation was proposed. Then referring to the experience of highway air quality monitoring networks at home and abroad, the article proposed layout methods for roadside air quality monitoring stations, vehicle remote sensing monitoring stations, and road inspection stations, which fills the gap in domestic methods. At last, a demonstration study on the layout plan for the in-use diesel truck emissions monitoring stations in Shanxi Province was carried out. Taking Shanxi’s main highway freight corridors as the key supervision area, this article screened out 44 roadside air quality monitoring stations, 24 vehicle remote sensing monitoring stations, and 15 road inspection stations.
Determination of Hydrated Lime Content Based on Asphalt Mastic High Temperature Performances
Authors: Zhou Liang , Sun Ying
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the hydrated lime to the high temperature characters, resist ability of aging, together with workability. Different contents of hydrated lime in asphalt mastic were tested with Dynamic Shear Rheological and Viscosity Tests. The results illustrated that hydrated lime was an appropriate addition agent which can improve asphalt mastic properties greatly, however, too much hydrated lime may result in the decrease of asphalt mixture performances.
Green construction technology of Sanming section of Puyan Expressway in Sanming
Authors: Cai Junhua , Xia Chengming , Wang Jian , Zhang Yongchang , Zhuang Yanzhen , Wang Dan
Published: February 2020

Based on the demonstration application and integrated innovation of green highway construction in Sanming section of Puyan expressway, this paper comprehensively implements the new concept, new technology and new system of green highway construction, promotes the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements of green highway, and improves the management level of highway construction.
Preparation of Mesoporous Structure Electrode Materials ZnMn2O4 by Co-precipitation Method
Authors: Song Jiaxing , Guo Tao , Wang Qiong , Yao Miao , Mao Yiming
Published: February 2020

In order to study the fast and efficient method of preparing electrode material ZnMn2O4, in this paper, oxalic acid was selected as the precipitator, oxalic acid dihydrate (C2H2O4•2H2O) as the chemical precipitator, manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4•H2O) as the manganese source and zinc acetate dihydrate (C4H6O4Zn•2H2O) as the zinc source. The precursor was prepared by co-precipitation method. Then, ZnMn2O4 powders with mesoporous structure were obtained at different calcination temperatures. The phase of ZnMn2O4 powders at different calcination temperatures was characterized by XRD analysis. After considering the crystallinity and high temperature agglomeration, samples calcinated at 600oC were selected as the cathode material of the battery, and were characterized by SEM and TEM. The experimental results show that the electrode material ZnMn2O4 prepared by this method has high crystallinity, high preparation efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection and good dispersion.
The Enrichment and Distribution of Trifloxystrobin in Medaka Fish
Authors: Chang Xiyuan , Wang Jiangfei , Feng Xiaoguang , Chen Xiangning , Zhou Yuqi , Liu Huijun
Published: February 2020

In order to evaluate the safety of trifloxystrobin in environment and non-target organisms, the enrichment and distribution of trifloxystrobin in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) were studied in this experiment. Medaka were exposed in the water containing 0.1 μg/L, 1 μg/L, 10 μg/L and 100 μg/L trifloxystrobin continuously for 21 days. The results indicated that in female, the concentration order was as follows: fat > liver > intestine > gonad > flesh; in male, the concentration order was as follows: fat > intestine > liver > flesh in the low concentration exposure group with 0.1 μg/L and 1 μg/L, while the concentration order was as follows: fat > liver > intestine > flesh in the high concentration exposure group with 10 μg/L and 100 μg/L. This study provides important data support and theoretical basis for predicting the behavior of trifloxystrobin in the environment, evaluating the environmental safety of trifloxystrobin and guiding the use of drugs.
A Dynamic Analysis of the Rotary Cutting System of King Grass Shredder
Authors: Li Zunxiang , Zhongqing Ou , jing Jiao , xiaohong Huang , jihua Du
Published: February 2020

With the rotary cutting system of king grass shredder as the research object, this paper established finite element models for rotating shaft, rotating shaft-belt pulley, rotating shaft-rotary cutting part and rotary cutting system and analyzed the influences of belt pulley and rotary cutting part on the dynamic characteristics of rotary cutting system. The results showed that the belt pulley and rotary cutting part had a great influence on the second order critical speed of rotary cutting system, and the rotary cutting part had a greater influence on the critical speed of first order forward precession than the belt pulley. Meanwhile, the critical speed of rotary cutting system that conformed to facts was calculated. There was a big difference between its first order and second order critical speeds, but the critical speed of first order backward precession was lower. Finally, it was found after analysis that the natural frequency of rotary cutting system was lower than the vibration frequency induced by belt drive, so the shredder can run safely.
Research on Wind Field Characteristics along Power Transmission Lines Based on Full-scale Measured Data in High-altitude and Strong Wind Regions
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Yeng Fengli , Shao Shuai , Li Yawei , Zhaxi Quda , Bai Zhang
Published: February 2020

High-altitude regions are featured by complicated geographical environment, in which strong wind events occurs frequently. At present, the engineering meteorological data of relevant projects are limited. Moreover, the rationality of determination methods of design wind loads for power transmission lines in the high-altitude regions is still unclear, which severely threatens the safety of power transmission lines. Therefore, this paper focuses on actual full-scale measurements of wind fields along power transmission lines in the high-altitude strong wind regions. The average wind speed and turbulence intensity characteristics under the typical high-altitude terrains terrain are analysed. Through the profile fitting of power law profile and the analysis on probability of actually measured data, the value scopes of parameters, such as profile index, are obtained. Through comparing with existing Chinese codes, some theoretical reference and basis for the wind-resisting design and maintenance of power transmission lines in relevant regions are suggested.
Steady-State Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media: Laboratory Validation of Flow-Dependent Relative Permeability Scaling
Authors: Valavanides Marios S. , Mascle Matthieu , Youssef Souhail , Vizika Olga
Published: February 2020

The phenomenology of steady-state two-phase flow in porous media is recorded in SCAL relative permeability diagrams. Conventionally, relative permeabilities are considered to be functions of saturation. Yet, this has been put into challenge by theoretical, numerical and laboratory studies that have revealed a significant dependency on the flow rates. These studies suggest that relative permeability models should include the functional dependence on flow intensities. Just recently a general form of dependence has been inferred, based on extensive simulations with the DeProF model for steady-state two-phase flows in pore networks. The simulations revealed a systematic dependence of the relative permeabilities on the local flow rate intensities that can be described analytically by a universal scaling functional form of the actual independent variables of the process, namely, the capillary number, Ca, and the flow rate ratio, r. In this work, we present the preliminary results of a systematic laboratory study using a high throughput core-flood experimentation setup, whereby SCAL measurements have been taken on a sandstone core across different flow conditions -spanning 6 orders of magnitude on Ca and r. The scope is to provide a preliminary proof-of-concept, to assess the applicability of the model and validate its specificity. The proposed scaling opens new possibilities in improving SCAL protocols and other important applications, e.g. field scale simulators.
Storing CO2as solid hydrate in shallow aquifers: Electrical resistivity measurements in hydrate-bearing sandstone
Authors: Gauteplass Jarand , Almenningen Stian , Ersland Geir
Published: February 2020

A recent proposed carbon dioxide (CO2) storage scheme suggests solid CO2hydrate formation at the base of the hydrate stability zone to facilitate safe, long-term storage of anthropogenic CO2. These high-density hydrate structures consist of individual CO2molecules confined in cages of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. Solid-state storage of CO2in shallow aquifers can improve the storage capacity greatly compared to supercritical CO2stored at greater depths. Moreover, impermeable hydrate layers directly above a liquid CO2plume will significantly retain unwanted migration of CO2toward the seabed. Thus, a structural trap accompanied by hydrate layers in a zone of favorable kinetics are likely to mitigate the overall risk of CO2leakage from the storage site. Geophysical monitoring of the CO2storage site includes electrical resistivity measurements that relies on empirical data to obtain saturation values. We have estimated the saturation exponent in Archie’s equation,n≈ 2.1 (harmonic mean) for CO2and brine saturated pore network, and for hydrate-bearing seal (SH < 0.4), during the process of storing liquid CO2in Bentheimer sandstone core samples. Our findings support efficient trapping of CO2by sedimentary hydrate formation and show a robust agreement between saturation values derived from PVT data and from modifying Archie’s equation.
Dietary Value of Waste-Fed RotiferBrachionus rotundiformison the Larval Rearing of Japanese WhitingSillago japonica
Authors: Ogello Erick Ochieng , Wullur Stenly , Sakakura Yoshitaka , Hagiwara Atsushi
Published: February 2020

Live food resources are useful for larval fish rearing. However, production of sufficient live food resources is expensive. This study employed a cost-effective rotifer culture technique using fish waste diet (FWD) and investigate the effect of the FWD-fed rotifer on larval rearing of the Japanese whiting,Sillago japonica. Fertilized eggs ofS. japonicawere hatched in polycarbonate tanks containing 100 l of artificial seawater at 10 eggs l-1with 50 ml min-1of aeration at room temperature. Two diets (i.e. FWD-fed rotifers and rotifers fed with super fresh Chlorella-V12 as control) were used with 10 rotifers ml-1for 10 days. Fish were sampled every two days for morphometric and gut content analysis. Fatty acid analysis was done for both rotifers and fish larvae. The fish larvae fed with FWD-rotifers had higher total length than those given control diet. There was no significant difference in survival rate, viability, dry weight, gut content, head length, eye diameter, and body depth between the two diets. The DHA recorded of total lipid for the fish given FWD-rotifer and control fish are3 5.2% and 18.2% respectively. The use of waste-fed rotifers is cost-effective method to enhance the production of larval fish rearing in hatcheries.
Effects of Aeration Flow Rate in the Culture Medium on the Growth Performance and Egg Production of CopepodOithona similisFed with Fermented Organic Diet
Authors: Chilmawati Diana , Hutabarat Johannes , Anggoro Sutrisno , Suminto Suminto
Published: February 2020

The availability of copepodOithona similisas live food organism for shrimp and marine fish larvae is strongly influenced by the optimum feed and environment conditions. Optimization of dissolved oxygen (DO) forO. similiscan be carried out by providing proper aeration in culture media. Feeding with fermented organic diet besides phytoplankton is expected to support the individual growth, metabolism, and reproduction ofO. similis.The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different aeration flow rates on the growth performance and egg production ofO. similisand to determine the optimum aeration flow rate. Completely Randomized Design Experiment used in this study with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment wasO. similisculture with different aeration flow rate of 0.00; 22.00; 45.67; 66.67 mL.second-1. The results showed that the difference aeration flow rate significantly affected (p <0.05) the growth performance and egg production ofO. similis. The aeration flow rate of 45.67 mL.second-1provided the best growth performance with total density of 81.25 ± 2.99 ind.mL-1; population specific growth rate 0.220 ± 0.002 day-1; and egg production28.40 ± 0.48 eggs.ind-1. Moreover, the optimum aeration flow rate culture medium forO. similisis 45.70 mL.second-1.
Fish Supply Chain Model in Traditional Market: Case Study of Beringharjo Market Yogyakarta
Authors: Saraswati Ensi , Suadi
Published: February 2020

This research aimed to understand the flow of fish commodity, information, and financial in the fish supply chain at the traditional market, through case study in the Beringharjo market Yogyakarta. Data was collected through systematic interview with 18 fish businesspersons and observation on the study site. The study showed fish commodities in the market consisted of marine, freshwater and processed fish (salted/dried fish and soft bone milkfish/bandeng presto). The fish majorly supplied by suppliers from outside Yogyakarta, that reached 86-90% for fresh fish (marine and freshwater) and 100% for salted fish and raw material of bandeng presto. Suppliers and traders in Beringharjo market used flexible methods of payment, such as manual receipt and trust-based relation (for instance pay on other day). The suppliers and traders had been work together for more than five years. The emerging problems were the lack of fresh fish supply and the low quality of processed fish. The supply chain model for fresh fish involved three stages (supplier-seller-ultimate customer/household) and the supply chain model for processed fish in four stages (supplier-wholesaler-trader/seller-ultimate consumer). The supply chain model for the milkfish also consisted of four stages (supplier-fish processor-seller-ultimate consumer). The study indicates the importance of improving local fish production systems to fullfill growing fish consumption in DIY.
Biological and population parameters of Tiger Shark Galeocerdo cuvier, landed in Tanjung Luar, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Jatmiko Irwan , Catur Nugroho Suciadi
Published: February 2020

Tiger shark is one of the important catch for small scale fisheries in West Nusa Tenggara. It is considered nearly threatened according the IUCN, thus information regarding to its estimated population is needed for conservative efforts. This study aimed to estimate the biological and population parameters of the tiger shark in Indonesia. Length data were collected from March to December 2018 in Tanjung Luar Port, West Nusa Tenggara. The length-weight relationship was calculated using equation W=aLb. Electronic length-frequency analysis (ELEFAN) in R Statistics with package “TropFishR” was used to estimate the population parameter. Length converted catch curve (LCCC) analysis was used to estimate the total mortality of the species. The results showed the length-weight relationship for combined sex, male and female was similar to the equation W=0.000001L3.15. The growth pattern for this species was positive allometric which means that the growth of weight is faster than its length. Total mortality was estimated at 0.33/yr, with natural and fishing mortality of 0.16/yr and 0.17/yr, respectively. The results from this study should be able to provide the basic information to support fisheries management of tiger sharks in Indonesia.
The Connectivity of Nutrient Ratios on The Abundance of Phytoplankton Population In Jakarta Bay
Authors: Sidabutar Tumpak , Srimariana Endang S.
Published: February 2020

The frequency of algal bloom’s event has been increased in Jakarta Bay, recently. Most of the bloom events were tend to be reoccurred after the rainy season. The research was conducted from 2008 until 2015 to study the linkage of nutrients and the ratios on the growth of the phytoplankton population. Collecting samples were conducted using a canonical plankton net of 20 µm mesh size, 125 cm length and 30 cm diameter of the opening mouth. The results of the study showed that the concentration of phosphate in the waters ranged from 0.01-12.5 µg/l (average 4.58 µg/l) and nitrate ranged from 0.01-15.89 µg/l (average 0.72 µg/l). The N/P ratio during the study ranging from 0.2 up to 45.4. High ratios of nutrients were mostly recorded in 2010 where the overall abundance of phytoplankton is very high. There is a strong correlation of N/P ratio with the community structure or composition of the phytoplankton population. The variability of phytoplankton abundance appears to be related to nutrient ratios of nitrate and phosphate.
The Utilization of Gracilaria verrucosa as shrimp ponds wastewater biofilter
Authors: Trianti Cindy Martiana , Adharini Ratih Ida
Published: February 2020

Gracilaria verrucosa as biofilter can absorb and utilize inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus contained in pollutants for its growth. This research aims to know the ability of G. verrucosa as shrimp pond waste biofilter, to know the difference in the quality of shrimp pond wastewater before and after treatment, and to learn more about the absorption capacity of G. verrucosa capability against shrimp pond wastewater. The experiment was conducted on a laboratory scale using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments with three replications using G. verrucosa of different weights which were 100 g, 150 g, 200 g, and controls. The parameters observed in the study were water quality parameters, seaweed biomass, and seaweed absorption. The results obtained were temperature 27.2–30.1°C, TSS 7–76 mg.L-1, pH 7.42–8.83, salinity 16–18 ppt, DO 1.7–5.3 mg.L-1, biomass 74–210.7 g, ammonia effectively decreased on 10th day by 90%, nitrate on 20th day was 22.2% and phosphate value on 30th day was 20.1%. G. verrucosa absorbed nitrogen (N) 0.08% and phosphorus (P) 0.35%. G. verrucosa is potential as a biofilter and can be used as a species candidate for IMTA system.
Nutrition and Sensory Evaluation on Corned Fish from Mackerel Tuna(Euthynussp.) Processed with Red Fermented Rice and Nitrite Salt
Authors: Suryaningrum Theresia Dwi , Ikasari Diah , Syamdidi
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of red fermented rice and nitrite salt as natural coloring on the sensory and nutritional properties of mackerel tuna (Euthynussp.) corned. Fish fillet was added with salt, sugar, 1.5% (w/w) red fermented rice and 2.5% (w/w) nitrite salt, then incubated at 1-2oC for 2 days until the color of the meat became dark red. Afterward, the cured meat was washed and processed into corned fish by using 0, 1 and 2% Soy Protein Isolate (SPI). The quality of corned fish were observed based on the proximate values, pH, color, microbial content, sensory evaluation, fatty acid profiles and amino acid profiles. The results show that corned fish processed with red fermented rice and nitrite salt affected the proximate value, color value and sensory evaluation. Corned fish which processed using red fermented rice produced a sharper red color and preferred by panelist than corned fish processed using nitrite. Addition of SPI affected the red color intensity of the product and increasing panelist’s pReference for the products. Corned fish contained essential fatty acids and amino acids, therefore, it can be used as a source of amino acids to meet the needs of amino acids in the body. Based on this study, corned fish processed with red fermented rice and the addition of 2% SPI was chosen as the best formulation compared to other treatments.
Characterization of Biobased Alginate/Glycerol/ Sunflower Oil as Biodegradable Packaging
Authors: Dewi Maula Yasinta , Husni Amir
Published: February 2020

The most used packaging material was plastic, but can cause environmental problems because it was not easily degraded. Therefore, it was necessary to look for alternative packaging materials that are easily biodegraded including edible film. The main raw materials for edible films were alginates and plasticizers including glycerol and sunflower oil. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of edible film composed of alginate, glycerol and sunflower oil. The study was carried out through the manufacture of edible films composed of various alginates concentrations (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6%), 10% glycerol and 0.01% sunflower oil. The characteristics tested included thickness, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, and rate of water vapor transmission. The results showed that all treatments met the edible film standard of the Japanese Industrial Standard. The various alginate concentrations used did not significantly influence the water vapor transmission rate and tensile strength but significantly affected the elongation, solubility and thickness of the edible film.
Optimization of Colloidal Chitin and Inoculum Concentration in Chitinase Production byStreptomycessp. PB2 Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Pramesti Eri , Puspita Indun Dewi
Published: February 2020

Chitinase is an enzyme capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of chitin. Bacteria is one of the sources for chitinase and the modification process of production are continously developed.Streptomycessp. is one of Actinomycetes group that shows high activity in hydrolyzing chitin. This study aimed to find the optimal conditions ofStreptomycessp. PB2 for producing chitinase at various colloidal chitin (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) and inoculum (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) concentration in the chitin broth medium using Respons Surface Methodology (RSM). The examined parameters included Total Plate Count (CFU/ml) and chitinase activity (U/ml). Chitinase activity was statistically analyzed by MiniTab 17 to obtain a mathematical model, then were validated. The mathematical model of chitinase activity was Y = -0.000075 + 0.00056 K + 0.00067 I, with the optimum colloidal chitin concentration (K) of 1.5% and inoculum concentration (I) of 1.5%. The highest chitinase activity of 0.0019 U/ml in day-2 fermentation. The validation test showed that the mathematical model had a low accuracy with the SSE value of 0.5306. This study shows that colloidal chitin and inoculum concentration are important factors to be optimized. However, further model is needed to be developed for a better estimation of process.
Comparative Study on Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenolic Compound and Pigment Contents of Tropical Spirulina platensis, Gracilaria arcuata and Ulva lactuca Extracted in Different Solvents Polarity
Authors: Hidayati Jelita Rahma , Yudiati Ervia , Pringgenies Delianis , Oktaviyanti Diah Tri , Kusuma Alief Putri
Published: February 2020

These study aimed to determine antioxidant activity, total phenolic compound and pigment content of tropical S. platensis, G. arcuata and U. lactuca. S. platensis was extracted with aquadest (SPA), while G. arcuata and U. lactuca were extracted with n-hexane (GAH and ULH), ethyl-acetate (GAE and ULE) and methanol (GAM and ULM). The IC50 value was used to calculate the ability of extract to inhibit free radicals using DPPH (515 nm). The TPC was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu (725 nm). Phycocyanin (620 nm), phycoerythrin (652 nm), allophycocyanin (562 nm), carotenoid (470 nm) and chlorophyll (645 nm and 662 nm) were measured based on color intensity. The results indicated that SPA was able to inhibit free radicals (46.12±2.03%), contains TPC (26.64±0.16 mg/GAE samples) and dominated by phycocyanin pigments (0.301±0.09 mg/g). G. arcuata extracted with ethyl-acetate (GAE) showed the best value with IC50 136.267±0.28 ppm, TPC 303.507±1.155 mg/GAE samples, carotenoid 0.528 ±0.009 μmol/g and chlorophyll a 2.845 ±0.069 mg/g. The U. lactuca extracted with ethyl-acetate also showed the best value with IC50 462.560±2.44 ppm, TPC 210.129±1.387 mg/GAE samples, carotenoid 0.442 ±0.046 μmol/g and chlorophyll a 9.216 ±0.103 mg/g. This results conlcuded that macroalgae extracted with ethyl acetate had better activity which categorized as moderate antioxidant.
Comparison of Nutritional Composition in Red and Green Strains of Kappaphycus Alvarezii Cultivated in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Adharini Ratih Ida , Setyawan Arief Rahmat , Suadi  , Jayanti Anes Dwi
Published: February 2020

Kappaphycus alvarezii is the most widely grown seaweed known by the commercial name “cottoni.” Several types or strains of K. alvarezii are grown in Indonesia, and each has a different appearance. There were red K. alvarezii, and green K. alvarezii collected from cultivation sites in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional compositions of the red and green strain of K. alvarezii. The chemical composition analysis reveals that both strains contain ash, fat, crude fiber, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, and minerals; Ca (Calcium), Na (Sodium), and Fe (iron). While the red strain shows a higher ash content (4.62%), fat content (0.05%), protein (1.94%), carbohydrate (5.24%), vitamin C (3.42 mg.100 g−1), Na (467.65 mg.100 g−), and Fe (30.10 mg.100 g−), the green one has higher content of crude fiber (0.64%) and Na (9,307.17 mg.100 g−). Based on the result, the red K. alvarezii contains higher ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, Ca, and Fe, while the green K. alvarezii is higher in water content, crude fiber, and Na. These two strains have no significant differences in nutrient composition and mineral content.
How to apply remote sensing techniques to precision farming: 2 practical cases by Garnata drone
Authors: Rodríguez Utrilla Javier , Nogués Palenzuela Álvaro , Cabello Javier , Alcaraz Segura Domingo , Hernández Guirado
Published: February 2020

In this report we show 2 different cases in which Remote Sensing can help Precision Farming techniques to optimize and improve profits in the agricultural sector. First, we’ll show a practical case in an olive trees field and second an example of how to monitor a greenhouse crop with aerial images and deep learning techniques.
Assessment volume of a forest biomass by the attenuation of the navigation signals the frequencies L1
Authors: Sorokin Anatoly , Ostylovsky Anatoly , Borisov Aleksandr , Ivanov Viktor , Makarov Daniil , Kharlamov Dmitry
Published: February 2020

The method for assessment the volume of a forest stand based on measurements of the attenuation of navigation satellites signals in the L1 range and morphological features of forest species is presented. The dielectric model of a mixed dielectric with the natural structural features of the species of the forest stand was used. The option of restoring the biomass volume of the forest stand according to the radioscopy data on the mixed forest test site is considered. The practical applications of the method of continuous local monitoring of the forest stand condition in forest science are discussed.
Natural cracking and the methods of its research when searching for oil and gas deposits (for example the southern areas of the Tyumen region)
Authors: Belonosov Andrew , Kudryavtsev Anton
Published: February 2020

Thanks to the complex approach to the study of natural cracking (use of modern remote and geochemical research) in the southern regions of Western Siberia (south of theTyumen region), large regional tectonic blocks and depression zones have been identified by space and geological-geophysical data. Their potential for detecting hydrocarbon deposits was evaluated, taking into account the geodynamic and fluid dynamic approaches.
Methods of calculating landslide volume using remote sensing data
Authors: Razakova Maira , Kuzmin Alexandr , Fedorov Igor , Yergaliev Rustam , Ainakulov Zharas
Published: February 2020

The paper considers the issues of calculating the volume of the landslide from remote sensing data. The main methods of obtaining information during research are field observations. The most important results of field studies are quantitative estimates, such as the volume of the embankment resulting from a landslide, morphometric indicators, etc. The study of a remote and remote object was carried out by remote methods using aerial photographs in the Ile Alatau foothills at 1,600 meters above sea level. The obtained materials from the mudflow survey will be useful in developing solutions to mitigate the effects of disasters and in the design of measures for engineering protection from landslides.
The Reliability of Numerical Modeling in Remote Sensing Data Analysis
Authors: Dobronets Boris , Popova Olga
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the problem of calculating reliable estimates of empirical distribution functions under conditions of small sample and data uncertainty. To study these issues, we develope computational probabilistic analysis as a new area in computational statistics. We propose a new approach based on random interpolation polynomials and order statistics. Arithmetic operations on probability density functions and procedures for constructing the probabilistic extensions are used.
The ecological state assessment of the flora and vegetation in the parks of cities in the steppe zone of Khakasia
Authors: Zhukova Elena Yu. , Lagunova Elena G.
Published: February 2020

A study of parkland in Abakan and Chernogorsk cities, located in the steppe zone and characterized by a high level of atmospheric pollution. Plant taxa are identified that make the greatest contribution to the purification of the urban environment. The most common tree plants in the parkland are adventitious species Populus alba L., P. balsamifera L., Acer negundo L., Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun, Syringa vulgaris L., Ulmus pumila L. et al. In the flora of parks and squares of Abakan, 288 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 59 families and 183 genera were identified. The flora of parkland in Chernogorsk totals 142 species belonging to 33 families and 105 genera. Leading position belongs to the largest families – Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae. An analysis of satellite data made it possible to remotely determine the functional state, phenological changes, and weather sensitivity of green zone vegetation. As a result of the studies, the general and seasonal indicators of the vegetation and water index were analyzed according to the satellite data (Landsat 8) for the territories of Abakan and Chernogorsk located in the steppe zone of Khakasia. Abakan had higher values of the integral NDVI (45.1-57.9), in comparison with Chernogorsk (11.4-14.2), better water supply and earlier dates of the beginning of the growing season. Based on satellite data, the productivity of green zones was compared and the regression dependences of spectral and meteorological indicators were identified.
Numerical analysis of PCM melting filling a rectangular cavity with horizontal partial fins
Authors: Bouhal Tarik , Fertahi Saïf ed-Dîn , Limouri Oussama , Agrouaz Younes , Kousksou Tarik , Zeraouli Youssef , Jamil Abdelmajid.
Published: February 2020

The present numerical study is conducted to analyze melting process within a rectangular enclosure filled by phase change material (PCM) vertically heated from one side. The right hot wall and the left cold wall are maintained at temperatures, Th=38.3 °C and Tc =28.3 °C, respectively, and it was filled by solid PCM Gallium initially at temperature Tc. The horizontal walls are insulated. A transient numerical model is developed to study the heat transfer and melting behaviours, and the natural convection is accounted. To enhance the heat transfer and the melting process of the PCM, fins with a rectangular and triangular shape are proposed. Moreover, the effects of both thermophysical properties and fins integration on the flow structure and heat transfer characteristics are investigated in detail. The melt fraction contours with the natural convection driven flow are performed and compared, as well as the temperature distributions for a Rayleigh number of around Ra= 106. It is found that the rate of the melting increases with the elevation in the values of specific heat capacity Cp as well as the thermal conductivity λ of the PCM Gallium. The results show also that the rectangular fin accelerates the PCM melting faster than the triangular fin’s shape thanks to the increased exchange area.