bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«НОВА» ЯДЕРНА ДИПЛОМАТІЯ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОЇ КРИЗИ СИСТЕМИ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Лепська Н.В.
Published: December 2024

Стаття присвячена аналізу сучасної ядерної дипломатії в контексті кризи глобальної системи міжнародної безпеки, викликаної передусім повномасштабною війною Росії проти України та загостренням конфлікту на Близькому Сході між Ізраїлем та Іраном. Сучасні події продемонстрували критичну слабкість чинних міжнародних механізмів контролю над ядерною зброєю, що призвело до підвищення ядерних ризиків і поглиблення недовіри між державами. Ядерна дипломатія, яка ще з часів Холодної війни забезпечувала стримування конфліктів шляхом загрози відплати, сьогодні переживає глибокі трансформації, що пов’язані зі зростанням ядерного шантажу з боку деяких держав, передусім Росії. У статті розглянуто еволюцію ядерної дипломатії, починаючи від теорії ядерного стримування, заснованої на працях Томаса Шеллінга та Роберта Джервіса, до сучасних викликів, пов’язаних із руйнуванням системи багатосторонніх договорів, таких як Договір про нерозповсюдження ядерної зброї (ДНЯЗ) та Договір про скорочення стратегічних наступальних озброєнь (СНО-ІІІ). Особливу увагу приділено аналізу порушень міжнародних зобов’язань з боку Росії, зокрема виходу з договорів про контроль над озброєнням та використання ядерної риторики як інструменту геополітичного тиску. У статті обґрунтовано необхідність сутнісного осучаснення ядерної дипломатії, її механізмів та інструментарію для адекватного реагування на нові виклики глобальної безпеки. Авторка наголошує на важливості перегляду традиційних механізмів ядерної дипломатії та пошуку нових форм міжнародної взаємодії, що дозволить значно знизити ризики ядерної ескалації. Основні висновки статті підкреслюють, що сучасна ядерна дипломатія має враховувати нові реалії, у яких ядерні держави, такі як Росія, злочинно використовують свій ядерний потенціал для політичного тиску на світову спільноту. Зокрема, міжнародна спільнота має розробити нові механізми контролю над озброєннями, зміцнити багатосторонні договори та посилити відповідальність ядерних держав за порушення міжнародних норм. У статті підкреслюється, що «нова» ядерна дипломатія має потужний стратегічний потенціал як інноваційної практики зміцнення, з одного боку, національної безпеки демократичних держав та їх цивілізаційної суб’єктності, а з іншого – солідарності світу та світової безпеки загалом.
ПОЗИЦІОНУВАННЯ ЯК ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ПОЛІТИЧНОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ
Authors: Мальована Ю.Г.
Published: December 2024

У статті розглядається політичне позиціонування як важлива технологія у політичному маркетингу, що забезпечує його ефективність. В умовах сучасного інформаційного простору, де конкурують десятки політичних сил і кандидатів, успішне позиціонування стає одним з вирішальних факторів політичного успіху. Уточнено поняття «позиціонування», що узагальнено трактується як вибудовування системи уявлень, стереотипів цільової аудиторії стосовно політичного актора для створення його зрозумілого, безпечного образу, відмінного від інших. Позиціонування вважається одним з найскладніших елементів політичного маркетингу, який реалізовується через інструменти політичної реклами й політичного PR у цілому. Визначено напрямки та підстави для створення провідних стратегій позиціонування у політичному маркетингу, серед яких висвітлення основних цінностей і принципів, що поділяються кандидатом та співзвучні з виборцями, побудова стратегії комунікативної поведінки політика за різними каналами сприйняття інформації, акцентування уваги на конкретних питаннях або проблемах, які хвилюють виборців. Наведено приклади використання технології позиціонування у виборчих кампаніях американських політичних діячів, окреслено основні підстави, за рахунок яких було сформовано потрібний образ. Як технологія політичного маркетингу позиціонування представляє собою процес створення унікального образу продукту, послуги чи бренду в свідомості споживачів, який буде легким для сприйняття, адаптивним до суспільно-політичних змін та корелювати із запитами цільової аудиторії. Вдале позиціонування може допомогти політичним лідерам отримати прихильність виборців, збудувати довіру та досягти електорального успіху, що і було розкрито через наведені приклади з політичної практики США. Це складний процес, що вимагає чіткого аналізу, грамотної стратегії та постійної адаптації до змін у суспільстві та інформаційному просторі.
Emotions as testimony: Documenting the psychological aspects of witnessing in an early survivor historical commission
Authors: Martínez Victoria Van Orden
Published: December 2024

In 1945–1946, nine Polish former prisoners of Nazi concentration camps (one Jewish and eight non-Jewish) living in Sweden as refugees were employed to record other Jewish and non-Jewish Poles’ experiences of persecution for history and justice. Although none of these individuals were psychologists, they believed recording the psychological aspects of witnessing was essential to their documentation work. The written testimonies they recorded, which are preserved in the archive of the Polish Research Institute in Lund, Sweden (PIZ), thus include revealing and often caring comments about the witnesses’ emotions and emotional responses during the interviews. I argue that this method made emotions integral to the testimonies and validated emotions as testimony. The significance of this argument is magnified when non-Jewish Poles interviewed Jewish Poles and vice versa since the comments reveal how they were relating to one another on a personal and sensitive level. This article builds on the author’s previous and ongoing analyses of these witness testimonies through close readings of the comments that consider the psychological aspects of witnessing. By contextualizing these comments and the testimonies they refer to alongside theories on the value of emotions for knowledge, the author explores what knowledge the method of recording witness testimonies contributed to creating in the early postwar period and what knowledge it creates now.
Postawy Polaków wobec Żydów w świetle okupacyjnych dokumentów na przykładzie dystryktu lubelskiego
Authors: Chmielewski Jakub
Published: December 2024

Analizując różne, na ogół dotąd nieznane lub słabo wykorzystane materiały z okresu okupacji, autor omawia postawy Polaków wobec Żydów od jesieni 1941 r. do lata 1944 r. w dystrykcie lubelskim. Cezurę wyznacza z jednej strony rozporządzenie generalnego gubernatora Hansa Franka z 15 października 1941 r. o karze śmierci za samowolne opuszczanie przez Żydów wyznaczonych dzielnic mieszkaniowych oraz niesienie im pomocy, z drugiej − koniec niemieckiej okupacji. Był to szczególnie tragiczny i niebezpieczny dla Żydów czas, kiedy często bezskutecznie szukali schronienia przed nieuchronnie grożącą śmiercią. Skazani na zagładę Żydzi byli masowo mordowani w ramach Einsatz Reinhardt podczas brutalnych deportacji, w komorach gazowych obozów zagłady, ale także w trakcie licznych obław, w których obok organizujących je Niemców niejednokrotnie uczestniczyły formacje pomocnicze. Zdarzało się, że uciekinierów z gett wyłapywała samodzielnie miejscowa ludność, odstawiając ich do najbliższych posterunków policji lub bez niczyjej wiedzy mordując. Artykuł odsłania nie tylko te najmroczniejsze postawy, przybliża także represje, jakie dotykały Polaków, podejmujących się trudu pomocy Żydom, pomimo drakońskich sankcji W pracy nad tekstem wykorzystano dokumenty głównie z archiwów polskich, ale też zagranicznych. Znalazły się wśród nich materiały publikowane przez sąd (specjalny i okręgowy), władze policyjne i cywilne, w tym m.in. meldunki, raporty, akta osobowe policjantów, nakazy aresztowania, Książkę Stacyjną, zeznania, protokoły posiedzeń sołtysów, jak i pozyskane przez PCK informacje o więźniach Zamku w Lublinie. Po źródła powojenne sięgano sporadycznie, gdy było to uzasadnione. Taki dobór materiałów pozwolił na nakreślenie szerszej panoramy postaw Polaków wobec Żydów i wynikających z tego konsekwencji.
„This is not the time to dream?“ An explorative psychoanalytical and historical reading of selected dreams in diaries written by Jewish victims of the Holocaust in occupied Poland (1939–1945)
Authors: Klotz Anne-Christin , Jasmin Spiegel
Published: December 2024

Diaries written by Jewish victims of the Holocaust played an extensive role since the beginning of researching the Shoah. In this study the authors analyzed a corpus of published diaries, which were written in occupied Poland during 1939 and 1945 through a closed-reading in the sense of a Reinhart Koselleck’s hermeneutical interpretation (1979) and by applying a psychoanalytic interpretation of the dream content with the help of the Zurich Dream Process Coding System (Moser & Zeppelin 1996; Moser & Hortig 2019). The dream-like narratives we extracted from the diaries` range from posttraumatic nightmares of persecution and violence to dream-like sequences like day-dreams, and alternative realities. The researchers present three single-cases of diaries that were written in hiding and within ghettos. They argue that the dreams depict a „psychic retreat” (Steiner 1993), a clinical concept that explains bastions of inner retreat where the dreamers are hardly reachable but safe from dreadful emotions. The authors use this concept for the understanding of the dreams in relation to the historical analysis of the course of the writers` lives and the ongoing existential death threat. Implications for future interdisciplinary collaborations are discussed.
Na defiladę – czy na psychoterapię? Michał Bilewicz, Traumaland. Polacy w cieniu przeszłości, Kraków: Mando, 2024, 336 s.
Authors: Kula Marcin
Published: December 2024

Michał Bilewicz przygląda się tytułowemu problemowi z punktu widzenia psychologii – acz trzeba docenić, że nie ogranicza się do swojej dyscypliny. Autor niniejszego eseju, napisanego na marginesie książki, w ramach historii rozważa użyteczność pojęcia „traumy” do wyjaśniania obserwowanych zjawisk. Doceniając wagę traumy w dziejach społeczeństw, zwraca uwagę, że praktycznie nigdy nie działała i nie działa ona jako jedyny czynnik sprawczy. Analizowane sprawy rozważane są przez obydwu autorów na przykładzie różnych krajów. Poruszanym problemem jest też kwestia wyprowadzania narodu z historycznej traumy. Potrzebne są zmiany nauczania historii w szkołach, w tym rozważanie zagadnień rodzących traumy jako szerokich zjawisk, także jako problemów nieograniczonych do poszczególnych narodów.
Nowe Muzeum Holocaustu w Amsterdamie
Authors: Cieślińska-Lobkowicz Nawojka
Published: December 2024

107 tys. spośród 140 tys. Żydów zamieszkałych w okupowanej od maja 1940 r. przez nazistowskie Niemcy Holandii deportowano między lipcem 1942 a wrześniem 1944 r. do obozów zagłady w Auschwitz, Sobiborze, Bełżcu i Bergen Belsen. Przeżyło 5200 osób. W podbitych przez Trzecią Rzeszę krajach Europy Zachodniej oznacza to tragiczny rekord i procentowo (76 procent żydowskiej społeczności), i w liczbach bezwzględnych. Otwarte w Amsterdamie w maju 2024 r. Narodowe Muzeum Holokaustu (NHM) postawiło sobie za cel kompleksowe przedstawienie prześladowań i zagłady holenderskich Żydów, ponieważ powstałe wcześniej formy ich upamiętnienia uznano za niedostateczne. Realizując ten cel, twórcy NHM kierowali się nade wszystko myślą o dotarciu do młodej publiczności, która w Holandii jest wieloetniczna i wielokulturowa i której edukacja historyczna w szkołach wszystkich szczebli jest śladowa. Postawili na chronologicznie prowadzoną narrację, nieobciążoną szczegółami, ale ukazującą przejrzyście mechanizm zagłady: od społecznego wykluczenia Żydów ze strony nie-Żydów, pozbawiania ich krok po kroku wszystkich praw przez metodyczny rabunek mienia i pracę przymusową, po wywózkę do obozu w Westerboerk i Vaught, a stamtąd bydlęcymi wagonami „na Wschód”. Kuratorom NHM towarzyszyła nadzieja, że ekspozycja zachęci zwiedzających „do zaangażowania i przyjęcia postawy obywatelskiej”. Dlatego skupili się na jednostkowych losach, a nie na abstrakcyjnych liczbach, rolę zaś nośników emocji powierzyli niepozornym, uratowanym cudem przedmiotom, które mają sprawić, że zwiedzający dostrzegą bliskich w tych, do których te przedmioty należały. Autorka relacjonuje rozwiązania zastosowane przez kuratorów, wskazując elementy, które jej zdaniem stanowią o sile NHM i wysokiej klasie jego ekspozycji, ale dzieli się też uwagami krytycznymi i wątpliwościami co do skuteczności oddziaływania formuły wystawy przyjętej przez jej twórców na najważniejszą dla nich docelową grupę zwiedzających, czyli holenderską młodzież szkół średnich i wyższych.
ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA ANAK YANG MENGALAMI DIARE DENGAN MASALAH KEPERAWATAN HIPOVOLEMIA DI RUANG ANAK RSUD MGR. GABRIEL MANEK SVD, ATAMBUA
Authors: Maia Esperanca De Deus , Nahak Maria Paula Marla , Nitsae Veronika , Anugrahini Christina
Published: December 2024

Latar belakang: Diare pada anak dapat menyebabkan hypovolemia yang berdampak pada penurunan berat badan dan berlanjut pada gagal tumbuh. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan asuhan keperawatan pada anak yang mengalami diare dengan masalah keperawatan hipovolemia di RSUD MGR. Gabriel Manek SVD, Atambua. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan desain studi kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada Anak yang mengalami diare dengan masalah keperawatan hipovolemia di RSUD MGR. Gabriel Manek SVD, Atambua. Studi kasus dilakukan pada 24 Januari 2024 sampai 2 Februari 2024. Subyek yang digunakan adalah dua orang anak yang mengalami diare dengan masalah keperawatan hypovolemiadi RSUD MGR. Gabriel Manek SVD, Atambua. Hasil: Setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan berupa manajemen hipovolemia selama 3x24 masalah hipovolemia berhubungan dengan kehilangan cairan aktif pada teratasi. Simpulan: setelah dilakukan asuhan keperawatan 3 x 24 jam dengan pendekatan proses keperawatan yang terdiri dari pengkajian, diagnosis keperawatan, intervensi keperawatan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi, masalah kehilangan cairan aktif yang dialami Anak. C.B.M dan Anak. G.K.B, teratasi.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE GARDEN CITY CONCEPT IN KHARKIV IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Gella О. , Didenko K.
Published: December 2024

This study explores the evolution of the garden city concept through examples found in the Kharkiv region, examining how socio-cultural and socio-political factors influenced their development. By analyzing little-known settlements in the Kharkiv region from the first third of the 20th century, the research demonstrates how the garden city concept was gradually transformed into the idea of a socialist city. The article outlines four distinct stages in the development of Kharkiv’s residential areas, marking the shift from a garden city to a socialist city framework. A central focus of the study is the need to reconsider both the garden city and socialist city models when planning the development of current urban structures. Emphasis is placed on the importance of aligning these models with strategies rooted in sustainable development. The knowledge of these historical urban concepts is particularly relevant today as we seek new approaches to decentralizing settlements and production, especially in the context of Ukraine's post-war reconstruction efforts. The research suggests that these urban models could play an important role in revitalizing the cooperative movement, enabling self-financing communities to rebuild and expand existing settlements in a way that promotes sustainability and long-term prosperity. By applying the principles of the garden Ukraine can foster decentralized, sustainable, and independent communities, laying the foundation for a more positive and resilient future. This approach could help address contemporary challenges by blending historical urban planning insights with modern needs for sustainable growth and community resilience.
Keywords: Kharkiv, Garden City, Socialist City, Sustainable Development.
THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE URBAN PLANNING FORMATION
Authors: Chechelnytska K.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the key works that formed the scientific foundations of modern urbanism. They reflect the peculiarities of the stages of the formation of this science and form a general idea of its fundamental components. The history of the development of scientific research summarizes the process of formation and clearly demonstrates the main periods of the formation of urbanism. A retrospective review of scientific works made it possible to identify key moments in the development of urbanism, starting from the first theoretical studies and ending with modern urban planning practice. Over several centuries, urbanism has evolved from intuitive planning methods to a complex scientific discipline that covers a wide range of issues: from architecture and engineering to sociology, ecology and economics. The research methodology is built on a historical approach. The following methods were used: terminological analysis, comparison, systematization, forecasting. Thanks to the systematization of the ideas of thematic works of urbanists of different periods, which constitute the theoretical basis of modern urbanism, it can be concluded that the works can be divided into classical theoretical and practical applied. Regarding the prospects for the evolution of urbanism in the context of globalization and sustainable development of cities, it is necessary to note the sphere of innovative technologies, which allows opening up new horizons for the study and analysis of urban spaces. Also, thanks to the research conducted, it is possible to trace the trends in the complication of the object of urban knowledge, which are influenced by internal aspects, namely social, environmental, economic, psychological, etc. Modern urban research is aimed at finding the optimal combination of innovative technologies and sustainable development in order to ensure the harmonious existence of cities and their residents in the face of global challenges.
Keywords. Urban planning, urban development, architecture, urban environment, sustainable development.
Styttingar og bönd í norrænum handritum — megindleg rannsókn
Authors: Wills Tarrin
Published: December 2024

Fyrri rannsóknir á fjölda og dreifingu á notkun styttinga og banda í handritum hafa bent til þess að í íslenskum handritum séu skammstafanir meira notaðar en í öðrum löndum og notkun þeirra fari vaxandi á miðöldum. Í þessari rannsókn er sjónum beint að fyrri athugunum og notaðar megindlegar aðferðir þar sem litið er á útgáfur og uppskriftir handrita úr Menota-textasafninu og dróttkvæðaverkefninu (Skaldic project). Sérstaklega er horft til munar á bundnu og óbundnu máli, sem og nýrra rannsókna á styttingum í handritum rituðum bæði á latínu og á öðrum málum. Athuganirnar leiða í ljós að umfang styttinga og banda í íslenskum og norskum handritum samanborið við aðrar hefðir gæti hafa verið ofmetið en að með tímanum hafi íslensk handrit skorið sig úr frá því sem tíðkaðist annars staðar. Verulegur munur sést einnig á styttingum bundins máls og óbundins í handritum sem hafa hvort tveggja þar sem lausamálstexti er yfirleitt styttur um það bil þrisvar sinnum meira en texti í bundnu máli. Í þessari grein er einnig gerð grein fyrir þróun á nýrri mæliaðferð fyrir notkun á skammstöfunum sem byggist á gögnum úr mörkuðum textaútgáfum og leitt hefur í ljós hversu mikið pláss sparast með notkun þeirra (styttingarhagkvæmni). Þessi mæliaðferð er sambærileg við helstu núverandi mælingar sem tíðkast í fræðunum (hlutfall skammstafaðra orða) en þó er hægt að beita henni á ómarkaðan stafrænan texta þar sem eingöngu er gefið til kynna að leyst hafi verið upp úr böndum og styttingum. Þessari mæliaðferð er síðan beitt á gagnagrunn dróttkvæðaverkefnisins. Niðurstöðurnar gefa skýrar vísbendingar um notkun skammstafana yfir lengri tíma og sýna að henni megi skipta í þrjú ólík tímabil: hún fer vaxandi á miðöldum, heldur áfram að vera umfangsmikil fram yfir siðaskiptin og fer síðan smám saman minnkandi fram á byrjun nítjándu aldar.
Heimildir, aldursgreining og samsetning Íslendingabókar
Authors: Allport Ben
Published: December 2024

formála að Íslendingabók segist Ari fróði Þorgilsson hafa sýnt biskupunum Þorláki Runólfssyni í Skálholti (biskup 1122–1145) og Katli Þorsteinssyni á Hólum (biskup 1118–1133) eldri gerð textans. Að því búnu endursamdi hann textann með hliðsjón af „því es mér varð síðan kunnara ok nú es gerr sagt á þessi en á þeiri.“ Tilvísunin til biskupanna hefur verið notuð til að tímasetja textann til árabilsins 1122–1133, enda þótt tilvísun til Guðmundar Þorgeirssonar (lögsögumaður 1123– 1134) í skrá yfir lögsögumenn í textanum hafi verið notuð til að tímasetja hann til 1134 eða síðar. Fræðimenn hafa ekki verið á einu máli um muninn á gerðunum tveimur, hvort báðar hafi gengið í handritum eða hvort eldri gerðin hafi yfirleitt nokkurn tíma verið til. Umræðan um aldursgreiningu Íslendingabókar og ritun hennar hefur fyrst og fremst beinst að því hvernig texti hennar var notaður af íslenskum fræðimönnum á miðöldum. Í þessari grein beini ég aftur á móti sjónum að heimildum Ara. Hvað gæti hann hafa fengið vitneskju um á milli fyrstu og annarrar gerðar Íslendingabókar? Tvö lykilatriði koma til greina: Skrá yfir látna úr Historia Hierosolymitana eftir Fulcher frá Chartres og tilvísunin til Guðmundar Þorgeirssonar. Á þessum grundvelli færi ég rök að því að varðveitt gerð Íslendingabókar geti ekki hafa verið samin fyrir 1125 og að tímasetningin 1134–1135 sé mun líklegri.
Editorial
Authors: Seale Maura Megan , Pagowsky Nicole , Mirza Rafia
Published: December 2024

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Patterns of Dyslipidemia Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Parvin Razwana , Rahman Mizanur , Parvin Roksana , Akter Nasima
Published: December 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus presents a prevalent endocrine and metabolic challenge globally. Type-2 diabetic patients exhibit a heightened incidence of dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), diminished high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or increased triglycerides (TG) levels. This phenomenon poses a significant public health concern both internationally and within our nation. Objective: This study aimed to assess the patterns of dyslipidemia among diabetes patients. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, from July 2018 to June 2019. Both male and female patients with Type2 diabetes were considered as the study population. A total of 90 patients were selected as study subjects through purposive sampling.The study included 45 diabetic patients on therapy, divided into male (A1, n=19) and female (A2, n=26) subgroups. Additionally, 45 newly diagnosed diabetic patients were categorized into male (B1, n=15) and female (B2, n=30) subgroups.Analysis was performed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 22.0. Results: The study found similar ages and BMI among groups. Elevated serum TC was noted in 31.6%, 19.2%, 26.7%, and 30% of subjects in A1, A2, B1, and B2 respectively. High serum TG levels were observed in 36.8%, 38.5%, 40%, and 66.7% of subjects in the respective groups. Dyslipidemia prevalence varied, with A1 at 57.9%, A2 at 53.8%, B1 at 46.7%, and B2 at 76.7%. High HbA1C was prevalent in B1 and B2 (100%). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia patterns among diabetes patients exhibit significant variability, with elevated serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels, alongside reduced high-density lipoprotein levels, commonly observed. These findings underscore the importance of tailored lipid management strategies in mitigating cardiovascular risk in this high-risk population.
J Rang Med Col. September 2024; Vol. 9, No. 2: 78-83
Historical Review of Single and Double Snake Medical Symbol: Which should be Used?
Authors: Chowdhury Md Anup Rahman , Islam Nur A Farhana , Akhiruzzaman  , Akhtar Afruza Bulbul
Published: December 2024

Symbol is a conventional sign in writing or printing, represents something else that is invisible. When one examines the trademarks of numerous medical organizations, will discover the photographs of single or double snakes spherical rods are used interchangeably. Between the two most popular medical symbols either single or double snake, it is interesting to know that one is being the classical and true sign of medicine while the other one’s association is rather doubtful. The origins and creation of those symbols in medical sciences are pretty different, and as a consequence it's important to take a look at the ancient occasions that connected them with the medical profession.
J Rang Med Col. September 2024; Vol. 9, No. 2: 89-93
Análise do conhecimento dos médicos da Atenção Primária sobre o rastreamento do câncer colorretal
Authors: Silva Luiz Henrique Carvalho , Galvão Júnior Eulálio Sotero , Brito Felipe Nascimento , Milanez Isabel Maria Arruda , Nunes Rafael dos Santos , Nascimento Arquimedes Barros do , Sousa Francisco das Chagas Araújo e
Published: December 2024

Câncer Colorretal (CCR) é uma das neoplasias mais prevalentes no Brasil. A história natural dessa neoplasia é bem consolidada. As lesões benignas inicialmente não causam sintomas e levam em média 10 anos para se transformarem em lesão maligna, fazendo com que o CCR seja um alvo ideal para programas de rastreamento e profilaxia. O objetivo geral é avaliar o conhecimento dos médicos das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de Teresina sobre o rastreamento do CCR, e se eles sugerem os exames preventivos aos pacientes. Esse artigo, tratou-se de um estudo quantitativo e qualitativo transversal, da avaliação do conhecimento de médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre o rastreio do CCR. A pesquisa foi respondida por 167 médicos, 128 (76,6%) desses julgam possuir conhecimento para rastrear o CCR, 70,7% dos médicos alegaram não solicitar rastreamento por conta da indisponibilidade da colonoscopia. Por fim, concluiu-se, que a ausência da colonoscopia não justifica a não realização do rastreamento, pois a pesquisa de sangue oculto fecal (PSOF) é um método de triagem presente nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Com relação a resistência dos pacientes e a longa fila para conseguir realizar os exames, deve-se realizar campanhas para conscientização para a população e de disponibilizar meios mais ágeis para a realização da triagem. Por fim, os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de divulgação dessa temática para a população médica, a fim de aumentar a porcentagem de médicos que fazem o rastreamento e atenuar a morbimortalidade pelo CCR.
Clinical and epidemiological profile of blood donors at Montes Claros Regional Blood Center, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Batista Filho André Rodrigues de Senna , Silva Caroline Nogueira Maia e , Maia José Geraldo Soares , Mendes Thomás Barbosa , Teles Leandro de Freitas , Urias Elaine Veloso Rocha
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to analyze blood donation candidates' clinical and epidemiological profiles in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2019 to 2022. Methods: We retrospectively searched clinical and epidemiological profiles in the donor data from Montes Claros’ Hemotherapy Center/ Hemominas Foundation from January 2019 to December 2022. Clinical and epidemiological variables were assessed using a blood bank database. Main Results: Of the 81,195 donation candidates, the majority were female, over 29 years old, repeat donors, and replacement donations. Among them, 18.96% were deemed ineligible, with the majority being female, over 29 years old, repeat donors, and replacement donations. Key causes of ineligibility included STD-risk behavior, anemia, hypertension, and Chagas disease. Women showed higher rates of anemia, hypotension, and Chagas disease, while men had more STD-risk behavior, hypertension, alcoholism, and drug use. Among eligible donors, 2.43% had serological ineligibility, notably for hepatitis B, syphilis, and hepatitis C. Conclusion: The frequency of female and repeat donors in Montes Claros was higher than the national average, with disparities in ineligibility between genders and a possible higher prevalence of syphilis and Chagas disease in the local population.
A eficácia do tai chi para a doença de Parkinson: Uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Leão Geberson Guedes , Souza Maria José Gomes de , Oliveira Sabrina Silva de , Mendes Davy da Silva , Viana Joaquim Albuquerque , Boaventura Alessandra Bárbara César de Freitas
Published: December 2024

O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar a eficácia do tai chi como intervenção terapêutica para a doença de Parkinson (DP). A pesquisa foi realizada bases de dados do Google Acadêmico, base de Periódicos CAPES e, PubMed, abrangendo o período de 2013 a 2023, sem restrições de idioma, incluindo todos os tipos de estudos clínicos, independentemente do desenho metodológico. Dos sete estudos selecionados, um ensaio clínico randomizado indicou que o tai chi apresentou melhores resultados na Escala Unificada de Avaliação da Doença de Parkinson (UPDRS) e na prevenção de quedas, quando comparado ao exercício convencional. Outro ensaio clínico randomizado não identificou benefícios significativos do tai chi sobre a capacidade locomotora em relação a outras atividades físicas. Um terceiro ensaio clínico randomizado revelou ausência de impacto do tai chi nos escores de UPDRS e nos questionários específicos para DP, quando comparado a um grupo controle em lista de espera. Os estudos restantes consistiram em um ensaio clínico não randomizado e três estudos não controlados. De forma geral, os dados sugerem que os ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliam o tai chi como abordagem para a DP são viáveis, porém ainda limitados. Muitas dessas pesquisas apresentam fragilidades metodológicas, como desenho inadequado, relatórios incompletos de resultados, amostras pequenas e ausência de revisão por pares adequada. Em síntese, as evidências disponíveis são insuficientes para recomendar o tai chi como uma intervenção eficaz para a DP. Investigações adicionais são imprescindíveis para explorar potenciais benefícios do tai chi para indivíduos com DP.
BISEKSUAL SEBAGAI ALASAN PERCERAIAN PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARI’AH (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Agama Balikpapan Nomor: 162/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Bpp)
Authors: Fitri Desi Widya , Azwar Zainal , Bahar Muchlis
Published: December 2024

Bisexuals in Law no. 1974 concerning marriage and KHI cannot be used as the cause of marriage dissolution. However, the Balikpapan Religious Court Number: 162/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Bpp granted the Plaintiff's lawsuit stating that the reason for the lawsuit was sexual disorders. This research aims to analyze the considerations of the Balikpapan Religious Court judge in granting a divorce lawsuit due to sexual disorders and the maqashid sharia view of bisexuals. This research uses the library research method, which is a data collection technique by reviewing various scientific sources, such as: journals, laws and others. The results of this research are first, it is not correct if the main cause of divorce is sexual misconduct. Therefore, PA Balikpapan concluded that the case above which was the main factor in divorce was constant fighting. Although it cannot be denied that the cause of the quarrel is sexual disorders. Second, bisexuals have violated the concept of maqashid sharia in the hifzu al-din section, namely violating the provisions of the Qur'an and sunnah, then bisexuals also violate hifzu an-nafs, namely causing AIDS, and finally violating the concept of hifzu al-nasl.
Key Word: bisexuals, religious courts
PENGARUH KREATIFITAS PEGAWAI, IKLIM ORGANISASI, BUDAYA ORGANISASI, KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, DAN PEMBERDAYAAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Imbaruddin Amirul , Wijayanto Andi , Ngatno Ngatno
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh Kreativitas Pegawai, Iklim Organisasi, Budaya Organisasi, Kepemimpinan Transformasional, dan Pemberdayaan Pegawai terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) melalui Kepuasan Pegawai dan Keterikatan terhadap Pekerjaan sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Penelitian ini juga melibatkan 200 responden yang dipilih dari pegawai KAP di kota Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasanya kreativitas pegawai dan iklim organisasi secara signifikan memengaruhi kepuasan pegawai dan keterikatan terhadap pekerjaan yang berdampak positif terhadap kinerja pegawai. Selain dari pada itu, kepemimpinan transformasional dan budaya organisasi terbukti berhubungan langsung terhadap kinerja pegawai. Begitu juga dengan pemberdayaan pegawai berhubungan langsung terhadap motivasi beserta dengan kinerja pegawai. Kesimpulan ini sesuai dengan teori yang menyatakan bahwasanya kepuasan pegawai serta keterikatan terhadap pekerjaan berperan penting sebagai variabel mediasi dalam hubungan antara lingkungan kerja dengan kinerja pegawai. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap literatur manajemen kinerja dengan menyoroti pentingnya variabel-variabel tersebut dalam meningkatkan kinerja pada sektor jasa. Implikasi praktis menunjukkan bahwasanya perusahaan pada sektor jasa mengembangkan budaya organisasi yang positif, gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, dan strategi pemberdayaan pegawai untuk meningkatkan kinerja.
A korai gyomorrák sebészete
Authors: Mohos Elemér
Published: December 2024

A gasztroenterológiai eljárások technikai fejlődése egyre invazívabb beavatkozások elvégzésére nyújt lehetőséget, amelyek alkalmazásával a korai gyomorrák bizonyos stádiumaiban alacsonyabb szövődményráta és kisebb megterhelés mellett elérhetők a sebészi módszerek után tapasztalt hosszú távú onkológiai
eredmények, ezért napjainkban a korai gyomorrák ellátása az invazív gasztroenterológia és minimál invazív sebészet határterületét képezi. Közleményünkben arra a kérdésre keressük a választ, hogy aktuálisan a korai gyomorrák mely eseteiben válasszunk első lépésként gasztroenterológiai, sebészeti vagy a
két eljárást együttesen alkalmazó, hibrid megoldást.
Determinants of Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Decision-Making among Nurses in Primary Health Care Facilities
Authors: Olabode Opeoluwa Oluwatoyin , Okanlawon Funmilayo A. , Adesuyi Emmanuel O. , Akingbade Oluwadamilare , Nwozichi Chinomso , Tola Yetunde Olufunmilayo
Published: December 2024

Background. Healthcare workers and institutions often face a lack of evidence-based and cost-effective care, which, if addressed, could improve practice and outcomes.
Aim. To assess the determinants of implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical decision-making (CDM) among nurses in primary health care facilities.
Methods. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design involving 266 nurses from primary healthcare facilities in Ondo State. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered via the online survey platform Google Forms. Findings are presented in frequency and percentage tables, and inferential statistics were analyzed using Chi-square tests at a 5% level of statistical significance.
Results. Knowledge has been identified as a key determinant in the implementation of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Chronic Disease Management (CDM) among nurses in primary healthcare facilities. The study revealed that 73.7% of respondents demonstrated a strong knowledge of EBP in CDM, with the highest levels reported among ward managers. Additionally, access to EBP resources and consistent support from employers were major factors influencing successful EBP implementation, with 86% of respondents affirming the importance of these supports. Regarding implementation levels, 53.4% of respondents reported high implementation of EBP in CDM, while the remaining 46.6% indicated low implementation.
Conclusions. The study concluded that while nurses generally possessed good knowledge of Evidence-Based Practice, the highest levels of expertise were observed among ward managers. Key barriers to Evidence-Based Practice implementation in Chronic Disease Management were also identified, including limited network accessibility and inconsistent electricity supply.
Keywords: determinants; implementation; evidence-based practice; clinical decision-making; nurses.
Fauna and flora listed in John Hooker’s manuscript ‘Synopsis chorographical of Devonshire’ (1599)
Authors: Raye Lee
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces and comments on the animals and plants listed in a manuscript dated 1599 (the ‘Berry-Pomeroy Manuscript’), the ‘Synopsis chorographical of Devonshire’ by John Hooker of Exeter (1527–1601). Two hundred and seventy eight animals and plants were named, which is an unprecedented number for a local natural history text from sixteenth-century Britain. The animals mentioned include some of considerable interest like the wolf, bear, roe deer and red deer, polecat, black rat, white stork, Cornish chough and numerous freshwater fishes. Several cultivated varieties of domesticated fruit trees, in particular apples and pears, and other local specialities that are no longer known were also in Hooker’s list.
Natural history, ethnography and private collecting: the legacy of Frederic William Lucas (1842–1932)
Authors: Parker Johanna
Published: December 2024

Frederic William Lucas (1842–1932) was a solicitor, collector, author and Fellow of the Zoological Society of London and the Linnean Society of London. He exemplifies a collector of means with access to suppliers, and a deep and enduring interest in his collection interests. Despite the size and diversity of his zoological and ethnographic collection, Lucas has received little scholarly attention. His self-funded private museum included over 1,200 vertebrate specimens including the skulls of large game animals and articulated skeletons of domesticated mammals. There are also over 600 items of ethnographic material, together with some human remains. Over the period from 1909 to 1925 Lucas donated almost the entirety of his collection to the Brighton Museum and Art Gallery and the Booth Museum of Natural History, Brighton. Information about Lucas and the material he amassed is meagre and dispersed. However, examination of his collection and its associated archive together with what can be gleaned from other sources about Lucas and the social and intellectual environment in which he circulated, provides a useful means of advancing understanding of not only late nineteenth and early twentieth-century private collectors of natural history and ethnography, but also the provincial museums that received their collections.
Age as Gothic in the Tamil Film Thalaikoothal
Authors: Hazra Aparajita
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the 2023 film Thalaikoothal (dir. Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan). The film depicts the travails of a poverty ridden son who has to choose whether to continue spending what little money he has on the medical upkeep of his aged, comatose father, and thereby deprive his own child of the upbringing she deserves, or perform senicide ( thalaikoothal) on his father, thereby ending his life. The film critiques an important issue in some parts of India, the tradition of thalaikoothal. In doing so, the film exploits the ‘negative aesthetics’ that are a mainstay of the Gothic sensibility. Moreover, the cinematic style adopted by the director elicits the gloom and horror that is so conducive to the Gothic affect. This article will analyse how the film makes use of the Gothic to bring to light a tradition in parts of South India that needs a thoughtful and critical reconsideration.
A DIALÉTICA DAS DIVISÕES EM PLATÃO
Authors: Sikora Elan
Published: December 2024

Este ensaio se ocupa da noção de dialética na antiguidade grega, ocupando-se, majoritariamente, pela dialética em Platão. Em específico, da dialética das divisões que é utilizada como método de pesquisa no quadro de diálogos como Parmênides, Sofista, Político, Filebo e Timeu. Entretanto, o escopo deste ensaio não adentra as peculiaridades de cada um destes diálogos, mas, por sua vez, se ocupa da principal formulação deste método que se encontra no diálogo Fedro 265e1-2. Onde o método de pesquisa proposto por Platão orienta-se, ora na direção de uma “coleção” (synagôgé), que encerra uma unidade (gênero) a partir da multiplicidade, ora na direção de uma “divisão” (diatémnein) desta unidade, dividindo por espécies. A partir desta passagem em particular, se pretende mostrar como o método de Platão é constituído e quais são as possíveis influências de filósofos anteriores que podem estar presentes na maneira como Platão desenvolve seu método.
Metabarcoding analysis of oral microbiome during pregnancy
Authors: Benslimane Fatiha M. , Mohammed Layla I. , Abu-Hijleh Haya , Suleiman Sara , Boughattas Sonia , Zakaria Zain Zaki , Fthenou Eleni , Al-Asmakh Maha
Published: December 2024

Pregnancy is a dynamic physiological process involving significant hormonal, immune, and metabolic changes to support fetal growth and development. This study investigates the changes in salivary microbiome and biochemical markers from the second to the third trimester of pregnancy. Saliva samples were collected from 45 pregnant women enrolled in the Qatar Birth Cohort study at two time points (second and third trimesters). DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technology. Microbial diversity and taxonomic analyses were performed, along with correlation analyses between microbial abundance and clinical parameters. Biochemically, significant increases in BMI, pulse rate, HbA1c, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were observed in the third trimester compared to the second. Microbial diversity analysis revealed significant changes in microbial richness and composition. Taxonomy analysis showed a significant 3-fold increase in Bacteroidota. Also, a significant decline in Selenomonas and a significant increase in Veillonella, specifically Veillonella dispar and Veillonella atypica, as well as an increase in Granulicatella were observed in the third trimester, along with a significant decrease in Streptococcus sanguinis. Correlation analysis during the second trimester revealed positive associations between BMI, cholesterol, LDL, and Selenomonas, and negative correlations with Streptococcus and Gemella. In the third trimester, BMI was negatively correlated with Campylobacter, glucose levels were negatively correlated with Neisseria, and triglyceride levels were negatively correlated with Prevotella. These findings highlight significant biochemical and microbial shifts during pregnancy, underscoring the importance of monitoring oral health and metabolic changes in pregnant women.
Hidden features: CD36/SR-B2, a master regulator of macrophage phenotype/function through metabolism
Authors: Chen Yuge , Zhang Xuejia , Huang Shengbin , Febbraio Maria
Published: December 2024

Once thought to be in a terminally differentiated state, macrophages are now understood to be highly pliable, attuned and receptive to environmental cues that control and align responses. In development of purpose, the centrality of metabolic pathways has emerged. Thus, macrophage inflammatory or reparative phenotypes are tightly linked to catabolic and anabolic metabolism, with further fine tuning of specific gene expression patterns in specific settings. Single-cell transcriptome analyses have revealed a breadth of macrophage signatures, with some new influencers driving phenotype. CD36/Scavenger Receptor B2 has established roles in immunity and lipid metabolism. Macrophage CD36 is a key functional player in metabolic expression profiles that determine phenotype. Emerging data show that alterations in the microenvironment can recast metabolic pathways and modulate macrophage function, with the potential to be leveraged for therapeutic means. This review covers recent data on phenotypic characterization of homeostatic, atherosclerotic, lipid-, tumor- and metastatic-associated macrophages, with the integral role of CD36 highlighted.
Longevity of antibody responses is associated with distinct antigen-specific B cell subsets early after infection
Authors: Kuijper Lisan H. , Kreher Christine , Elias George , Claireaux Mathieu , Kerster Gius , Bos Amélie V. , Duurland Mariël C. , Konijn Veronique A. L. , Paul Alberta G. A. , de Jong Nina , de Jongh Rivka , Steenhuis Maurice , Garcia-Vallejo Juan J. , van Gils Marit J. , Kuijpers Taco W. , Eftimov Filip , Rispens Theo , van der Schoot C. Ellen , van Ham S. Marieke , ten Brinke Anja
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Upon infection, T cell-driven B cell responses in GC reactions induce memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells that secrete protective antibodies. How formation of specifically long-lived plasma cells is regulated via the interplay between specific B and CD4+ T cells is not well understood. Generally, antibody levels decline over time after clearance of the primary infection.

Method

In this study, convalescent individuals with stable RBD antibody levels (n=14, “sustainers”) were compared with donors (n=13) with the greatest antibody decline from a cohort of 132. To investigate the role of the cellular immune compartment in the maintenance of antibody levels, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses at 4 to 6 weeks post-mild COVID-19 infection were characterized using deep immune profiling.

Results

Both groups had similar frequencies of total SARS-CoV-2-specific B and CD4+ T cells. Sustainers had fewer Spike-specific IgG+ memory B cells early after infection and increased neutralizing capacity of RBD antibodies over time, unlike the declining group. However, declining IgG titers correlated with lower frequency of Spike-specific CD4+ T cells.

Conclusion

These data suggest that “sustainers” have unique dynamics of GC reactions, yield different outputs of terminally differentiating cells, and improve the quality of protective antibodies over time. This study helps identify factors controlling formation of long-lived PC and sustained antibody responses.
Efficacy of preoperative prophylactic application of betamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sun Xiaobo , Dou Qunli , Li Bowei , Bai Guoyang , Qin Kai , Ma Jianbing , Yao Fudong , Huang Yuanchi
Published: December 2024

Background

The demand for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing, yet postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) significantly hinder patient recovery. Preoperative prophylactic administration of glucocorticoids can alleviate PONV, with betamethasone showing promising results in breast and cardiac surgeries. However, its efficacy in TKA patients remains unclear. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of preoperative betamethasone for PONV in TKA patients through a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Materials and methods

In this trial, 124 patients were randomly assigned to receive either 2 mL of normal saline (control group) or 2 mL of betamethasone sodium phosphate (10.52 mg total dose; experimental group) 10 min before anesthesia induction. Primary outcomes included nausea severity, vomiting frequency, and antiemetic use, while secondary outcomes were pain scores, knee range of motion, blood glucose, IL-6, CRP, ESR, and adverse reactions.

Results

Results showed the experimental group had significantly lower nausea severity at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h post-surgery compared to controls. The average frequency of vomiting in the experimental group (0.060 ± 0.307) was lower than that in the control group (0.390 ± 0.662), with a statistical difference (P < 0.001). The postoperative use of metoclopramide in the experimental group (0.480 ± 2.163) was lower than that in the control group (4.520 ± 6.447), and there was a statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). CRP in the experimental group on the second day after surgery (45.741 ± 47.044) was lower than that in the control group (65.235 ± 50.970), with a statistical difference (P = 0.014). IL-6 in the experimental group was lower on the first (51.853 ± 67.202) and second postoperative days (25.143 ± 31.912) than that in the control group on the first (79.477 ± 97.441) and second postoperative days (38.618 ± 36.282), with statistical differences (P = 0.039, P = 0.006). There was no significant difference in postoperative knee pain, knee range of motion, blood glucose, ESR, and adverse reactions between the two groups.

Conclusion

Our prospective RCT demonstrates that preoperative betamethasone is effective and safe for reducing PONV in TKA patients, suggesting a new clinical approach for prophylactic treatment of PONV post-TKA.