bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analyses of Non-Standard Spur Gears
Authors: Srinivasa P. , Shashishekar C. , Mallesh G.
Published: August 2024

Gears are the mechanical components and are predominate as the most effective means of power transmission in mining equipment which encompasses a wide range of machinery used in the extraction of minerals and resources from the earth. Currently, gears in c equipment are prone to a different types of failures when they are subjected to impact, shock and fatigue loads. It is noticed from the literature that 34.4% of the failures are due to poor lubrication, 19.6% due to impurity, 17.7% due to fixing errors, 6.9% are due to excess load and 2.8% failures are due to handling errors. Further, more than 1,500 gear failures were examined throughout the investigation, and it was observed that tooth bending fatigue is the common mode, leading to tooth fracture at the root owing to bending stress. Bending stress developed at the tooth root can be minimized by modifying addendum of mating gears or the involute geometry. An additional alteration that is rarely used is to make the gear asymmetric or nonstandard. Therefore, in this research work attempts are made to generate non-standard spur gear tooth profile by varying pressure angle and profile shift using Matlab to estimate bending stress using FE software ANSYS. Bending stress calculated using the Lewis equation and FE analysis were compared to validate the FE procedure. It is noticed that bending stress was reduced to 42.14% by increasing the pressure angle from 200 to 400 without altering other gear parameters. Hence, the possibility of tooth break can be minimized with the use of non-standard spur gears.
Исследование влияния полипренолов пихты сибирской на обучаемость и память мышей с экспериментальной моделью болезни Альцгеймера
Authors: Суслов Николай И. , Федорова Юлия С. , Коробов Максим Л.
Published: August 2024

Введение. Болезнь Альцгеймера все чаще становится причиной ранней инвалидизацией и смерти. Попытки создания фармакотерапевтического средства, дающего эффективный результат в лечении этой патологии, до сегодняшнего дня не увенчались успехом. В данной статье приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований, ставящие целью создание более эффективного средства лечения данного заболевания.
Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования явились полипренолы, выделенные из пихты сибирской (Abiessibirica Ledeb.). Эксперименты выполнены на 108 аутбредных половозрелых мышах-самцах стока СDI массой тела 28 – 30г (в возрасте 5 недель). Эффект суммы полипренолов на обучаемость и память исследовался в интервале доз – 5, 20, 50, 100, 200 и 500 мг/кг массы тела мыши. В качестве препарата сравнения использовали глиатилин в дозе 90 мг/кг. Экспериментальная модель нарушения когнитивных функций создавалась хроническим (в течение 20 дней) внутрибрюшинным введением скополамина в дозе 2 мг/кг. Нарушение когнитивных функций оценивались по изменениям показателей выработки и воспроизведения условного рефлекса пассивного избегания (УРПИ).
Результаты и их обсуждение. Результаты проведенных экспериментов показали, что хроническое введение скополамина вызвало выраженное снижение воспроизводимости УРПИ. Одновременно с этим изучаемая субстанция в дозах 20 и 50 мг/кг. Глиатилин оказывал близкое по характеру действие. Авторы полагают что в развитии антиамнестического эффекта участвуют холинергические рецепторы.
Заключение. Приведенное доклиническое исследование показывает, что найдено новое средство с антиамнестическим действием на основе суммы полипренолов Пихты сибирской (Abies sibirica Ledeb.), семейство Сосновые (fam. Pinaceae). Данное средство может быть использовано для лечения заболеваний нейродегенеративных патологических процессов, в частности болезни Альцгеймера.
Growth and Yield Performance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) as Influenced by Irrigation Levels and Genotypes: A Review
Authors: Kamboj Ekta , Dhaka Anil Kumar , Kumar Satish , Singh Bhagat , Hooda Virender Singh , . Kamal
Published: August 2024

Chickpea is mostly cultivated under dryland condition and water availability is the major environmental factor affecting crop yield in dryland conditions. In dryland areas, the crop suffers from moisture stress due to the insecurity of rainfall. The combination of stored soil moisture and high temperatures results in the creation of various degrees of moisture stress during the duration of crop growth, therefore restricting the expression of growth and development characteristics, resulting in a significant loss of crop output. The provision of irrigation proves pivotal for the successful cultivation of chickpea crops during key growth stages, including pre-flowering, pod development and seed filling. Consequently, the implementation of supplemental irrigation serves as a strategic measure to offset potential production losses attributed to terminal drought. This agricultural practice is notably employed in diverse regions worldwide, with a pronounced impact observed in areas such as West Asia and Northern India, where it plays a crucial role in augmenting chickpea productivity. Susceptibility to drought stress has restrained chickpea productivity at a global level, thus, the proper selection of early maturing and drought tolerant cultivars along with supplemental irrigation may be helpful to sustain chickpea production.
The Effectiveness of the Flash Technique Is Explained by the Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotion
Authors: Perez-Strumolo Lysandra
Published: August 2024

The Flash Technique (FT) appears to significantly reduce distress and sympathetic arousal in the preparation phase of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, making the therapeutic process more manageable, and in some cases resulting in spontaneous resolution of symptoms. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion is proposed as an explanation for the effectiveness of FT, which requires sustained attention to a positive engaging focus producing a sensation of pleasure or positive feeling. The positive emotion experienced in FT, following retrieval of a traumatic memory at a distance, produces a broadening effect on cognitive function, leading to increased cognitive flexibility and an enhanced ability to integrate diverse information, allowing adaptive reprocessing of traumatic material, reduction in distress, and spontaneous development of adaptive responses.
Physico-Chemical Properties of Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) Flour from White-fleshed and Purplish-White-fleshed Tubers
Authors: Pamungkas Wiyan Afriyanto , Jamaludin Jamaludin
Published: August 2024

Flour quality in the form of physicochemical and sensory properties is an essential parameter that will influence the design, process, and results of the processing of gembili flour derivative products. This study aims to evaluate flour's physical and chemical properties from white-fleshed gembili tubers (Yawal Porei) and purplish-white-fleshed gembili tubers (Thai) and determine consumer preferences for the flour produced. The physical properties of gembili flour were analyzed, including yield, whiteness, and fineness modulus (FM). Meanwhile, the chemical composition of the flour analyzed includes moisture content, carbohydrates, protein, ash content and crude fibre. 35 untrained panellists were used in organoleptic tests to assess consumer preferences. The results show that the two gembili tubers produce flour with different physical and chemical properties. White-fleshed gembili flour has several advantages in terms of physical and chemical properties, namely yield (15.62% ± 0.41), whiteness (79.55 ± 0.98), carbohydrates (82.86% ± 0.21) and crude fibre (5.28% ± 0.61) which has the potential as a rice analogue, noodles, cake, fillers, and cookies. Meanwhile, purplish-white-fleshed gembili flour has a high protein content (5.40% ± 0.16) and ash content (6.75% ± 0.05), which has the potential as a bakery product. The FM of the two types of gembili flour was not much different and has a moisture content that meets the Indonesian National Standard, below 14.5%. The sensory assessment showed that the panellists preferred white-fleshed gembili flour to purplish-white-fleshed gembili flour. The sensory assessment showed that the panellists preferred white-fleshed gembili flour to purplish-white-fleshed gembili flour.
The Social Piety Index in Sumenep Regency by Analyzing Stability, Solidarity, and Mutual Cooperation
Authors: Al Humaidy Muhammad Ali , Wahyuningrum Sri Rizqi , Mubarak Reza , Mariyam Siti
Published: August 2024

The spirit of social care is an ethical demand, and religious values ​​must be practised. It implies that religious orientation involves the individual’s relationship with God (spiritual purity) and the way the individual interacts with other people (social piety). They range from criminal cases such as murder and rape to legal cases such as corruption and discrimination, to religious conflicts and terrorism. It indicates that religious communities are starting to lose their ethical dynamics. This research aims to describe the level of social piety of the people of Sumenep, focusing on the value of social stability, social solidarity, and cooperation. This research uses mixed methods. Data analysis involved 310 respondents in the productive age category (aged 15-64 years) spread across 27 sub-districts. Purposive sampling was used to determine the sample of respondents. Data collection was carried out through surveys using questionnaires, which also involved observation techniques and interviews as support. The results of the research show that the people of Sumenep obtained a perfect social piety index score (with a cumulative score of 83.36), including aspects of the social stability index of 84.71 (very good), the social solidarity index of 78.01 (good), and cooperation index 87.35 (very good). The achievement of the social piety index with a value of 83.36 in the very good category shows that the people of Sumenep have achieved a very good level of social harmonization.
Pembelajaran Berbasis Permainan Dakon Sebagai Implementasi Literasi Budaya Pada Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Al-Amin Bugih Pamekasan
Authors: Fadilah  , Alfin Herawati  , Intan Maya Febriani  , Kafilah Rahmawati  , Khoirul Ummati  , Rahmatika
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi penggunaan permainan tradisional Dakon dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini di PAUD AL-AMIN Bugih Pamekasan untuk mengembangkan kompetensi budaya. Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada pentingnya pendidikan budaya untuk perkembangan anak dan upaya pemerintah Indonesia dalam melestarikan permainan tradisional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, menggabungkan observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dengan guru dan siswa sebagai instrumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis permainan Dakon di PAUD AL-AMIN Bugih Pamekasan dilaksanakan melalui rencana pembelajaran yang terdiri dari kegiatan pembuka, inti, dan penutup. Guru menjelaskan pentingnya Dakon sebagai warisan budaya dan mengajarkan cara bermainnya secara bertahap. Permainan ini terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan berbagai aspek perkembangan anak, termasuk motorik, kognitif, emosi, bahasa, sosial, spiritual, ekologis, dan nilai-nilai moral. Permainan Dakon tidak hanya membantu anak-anak dalam belajar tentang budaya Indonesia, tetapi juga meningkatkan kreativitas, kemampuan bersosialisasi, dan kolaborasi mereka. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendidikan anak usia dini yang berfokus pada permainan tradisional Dakon merupakan metode yang efektif untuk memberikan pengalaman belajar yang bermanfaat dan memperkaya pemahaman budaya anak-anak, sambil mengembangkan berbagai aspek perkembangan mereka.
Peran Tim Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan (Tppk) dalam Implementasi Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA) Jenjang PAUD Se-Kecamatan Tandes Kota Surabaya
Authors: Setiyono Agus , Imron Arifin  , Pramono  , Eny Nur Aisyah  , Prastyo Danang , Iftitah Selfi Lailiyatul
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran TPPK (Tim Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Kekerasan) dalam implementasi Sekolah Ramah Anak(SRA) jenjang pendidikan anak usia dini di Kecamatan Tandes Kota Surabaya . Penelitian menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. . teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara serta dokumentasi. Data-data yang diperoleh dilakukan dengan bantuan penelltian lapangan dan tinjauan pustaka dengan menggunakan . Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran TPPK dalam implementasi sekolah ramah anak pada anak usia dini di Kecamatan Tandes Kota Surabaya cukup baik. Dalam praktiknya, peran warga TPPK dalam kegiatan pendidikan sesuai prinsip Sekolah Ramah Anak. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil observasi serta dokumen yang dilakukan pada seluruh tingkatan satuan PAUD di Kecamatan Tandes Surabaya. Observasi dan dokumentasi peneliti terfokus pada peran TPPK, program aksi serta penggunaan sarana dan prasarana pada satuan pendidikan anak usia dini, pelaksanaan metode pengajaran, sikap terhadap peserta didik dan kesehatan lingkungan pada satuan pendidikan anak usia dini di kecamatan Tandes kota surabaya yang disusun sedemikian rupa sehingga mendukung aktivitas anak baik jasmani dan rohani. Penerapan metode pembelajaran yang dirancang serta disiapkan oleh TPPK saja, khususnya guru sebagai pemimpin dalam proses pembelajaran, tidak dapat terlaksana secara maksimal karena berbagai alasan. Di samping itu, guru cukup bervariasi menggunakan metode pengajaran sesuai dengan materi serta lingkungan dan permainan yang mendukung dalam penyampaian materi , serta adanya komunikasi antara guru dengan siswa  yang cukup aktif.
Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Dalam Pembelajaran Ramah Anak Untuk Membentuk Karakter Anak Usia Dini 4-5 Tahun
Authors: Suadah  , Dewi Pusparini  , Musayyadah
Published: August 2024

Nilai-nilai Pancasila merupakan dasar perilaku warga negara Indonesia. Oleh karena itu,  pengimplementasian nilai-nilai Pancasila harus dilakukan sejak usia dini. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan pengimplementasian niali-nilai Pancasila dalam pembelajaran untuk membentuk karakter anak usia dini 4-5 tahun di RA Sirojul Ulum desa Pangtonggal Kecamatan Proppo Kabupaten Pamekasan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam pembentukan karakter anak apa saja yang dikembangkan di RA Sirojul Ulum, bagaimana pengimplementasian niali-nilai Pancasila dalam pembelajaran untuk membentuk karakter anak usia dini 4-5 tahun di RA Sirojul Ulum, serta kendala dalam pengimplementasian nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam pembelajaran untuk membentuk karakter anak usia dini dan upaya mengatasinya. Jenis penelitian menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pembelajaran ramah anak di RA Sirojul Ulum terdapat beberapa nilai-nilai Pancasila yang diterapkan, namun dalam memberikan pembelajaran yang menganut nilai-nilai Pancasila untuk anak usia dini kurang maksimal, sehingga tidak semua nilai-nilai Pancasila diimplemetasikan. Penerapan nilai-nilai Pancasila juga kurang dipahami karena tidak adanya pembelajaran tentang nilai-nilai Pancasila yang berhubungan langsung dengan aktifitas sehari-hari.
Harmonizing Child-Friendly Early Childhood Education: The Impact of Gamelan Music on Focus and Attention in Child-Centric Learning Environments
Authors: Al Baqi Safiruddin , Puspitasari Ratna Nila
Published: August 2024

Focus and attention are very important abilities for children to train because they will affect various aspects of their future lives This study aims to explore the influence of gamelan music on young children's focus during cutting and pasting activities. Using the experimental method, the number of participants was 30 children (12 boys and 18 girls) with a mean age of 5.54 years (SD: 0.50). The research subjects were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group who were given galeman music and the control group who were not given. . The results of the study showed that children who were given gamelan music while carrying out these activities tended to have lower levels of concentration. These findings highlight the importance of paying attention to the auditory environment when designing early childhood learning experiences. Gamelan music, with its distinctive sound characteristics, can be a distractor that affects a child's ability to focus on a given task. Therefore, the recommendation to carefully select the type of music played in the background in early childhood learning activities is necessary to support their cognitive development optimally.
Kerjasama Orangtua dan Guru dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Anak di Sekolah
Authors: Frasandy Rendy , Rusdinal  , Alwen Bentri  , Silvia Sandi Wisuda Lubis  , Dwi Nur Ummi Rahmawati
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine: (1) The duties and responsibilities of parents and teachers regarding students' learning motivation at school; (2) Forms of collaboration between parents and teachers in increasing students' learning motivation at school; This research is field research (Field Research) with qualitative descriptive methods. Data collection tools in this research are observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are: (1) The duties and responsibilities of parents in increasing students' learning motivation at school are almost the same as the duties and responsibilities of a teacher, only the duties and responsibilities of parents are more comprehensive than to teachers because children spend more time at home than at school. The duties and responsibilities of teachers in increasing students' learning motivation at school are as professional educators, as facilitators, as educators, as counselors, as motivators; (2) Forms of collaboration between parents and teachers are parents participating in school meetings, creating WhatsApp groups, visiting parents of students with educators.
Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Guru Terhadap Kinerja Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Novitasari Yesi , Fatmawati  , Danang Prastyo
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of teacher education and the performance of Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers. The type of research is correlation research with two variables. The method used in drawing this sample is total sampling, which is a sampling technique where the number of samples is the same as the population. The reason for taking total sampling is because the population is less than 100. The sample taken from this study was 40 people. The results showed that ECE teachers in making lesson planning, implementing learning and evaluating learning in the dominant always namely 53.17% and included in the moderate category, meaning that Early Childhood Education teachers do not have good performance in carrying out their duties at school. The implication of the research results, ECE teachers should continue their education according to their field of expertise, in order to create suitability and good performance in the field of PAUD science.
Pembelajaran Peduli Lingkungan Melalui WEB dalam Mengimplementasikan Sekolah Ramah Anak di PAUD Assalam Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Dwi Ismawati  , Yenda Puspita  , Debi S. Fuadi  , Meli Afrodita  , Dwi Lyna Sari  , Lazfihma
Published: August 2024

The personality of really focusing on the climate is a work or activity to really focus on nature and forestall ecological harm, with the goal that the climate stays feasible. Youth youngsters gain from something concrete and afterward they can think fundamentally. Reinforcing the personality of really focusing on the climate for small kids can be applied in conventional training at school. The school climate is supposed to give ecological training and change conduct to turn out to be more worried about the climate. Learning media in schools is likewise made more imaginative so it can bring up kids' interest. This exploration means to decide the impact of WEB on working on the personality of really focusing on the climate. The exploration utilized quantitative strategies with pre-exploratory examination utilizing a one gathering pretest - posttest plan. The complete testing of respondents in class B1 was 12. Information assortment strategies utilized tests and perception. Information was dissected utilizing the Autonomous Example T-test. The exploration results show that Asymp.Sig (2-followed) has a worth of 0.000 < 0.05, so H0 is dismissed, and Ha is acknowledged, intending that there is a typical distinction between the pretest and posttest so it very well may be inferred that picking up utilizing WEB can work on the ecologically mindful person of youth.
FEITIÇOS COMUNEIROS NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES CULTURAIS CONTEMPORANEAS
Authors: Pereira Maria
Published: August 2024

O artigo apresenta dados da pesquisa qualitativa realizada pelo Projeto Nanã entre 2022-2023 cujo foco esteve no levantamento de estratégias de sustentação econômica desenvolvidas por organizações culturais européias. Os resultados evidenciam a relevância de práticas ancoradas no 'fazer com' para a capacidade de autonomia e independência das organizações e apontam a contradições entre o fomento público/estatal e o atendimento ao público/comunidade. Argumenta-se que  é urgente enfrentar certas armadilhas conceituais para expansão de políticas públicas-comunitárias.
Team case formulation for challenging behaviour on acute psychiatric wards
Authors: Riches Simon , Westhead Megan , Bendayan Rebecca , Kramarz Emilia , Kaleva Ina , Payne-Gill James
Published: August 2024

Due to the high prevalence of challenging behaviours on acute psychiatric wards, there is a need for more therapeutic interventions that utilize psychological theory to support staff and patients. This study assessed feasibility, effectiveness and mechanisms of multidisciplinary team
case formulation to reduce challenging behaviours of patients. This was a cohort study with a pre‐ and post‐formulation analysis of patients from five acute wards. Structured team case formulation sessions were held using an integrative psychological model incorporating cognitive
behavioural principles and the Newcastle model. Staff attendance and fidelity to formulation components were recorded. Frequency of staff-rated challenging behaviours and the frequency of incidents of violence and self‐harm pre‐ and one‐week post‐formulation were
assessed. To test mechanisms, changes in staff perceptions of the overall frequency of challenging behaviours and the number of incidents of violence and self‐harm were compared to the number of strategies identified, the number of strategies implemented, and the number of staff present.
Participants (N = 50) had a range of serious mental health conditions, including 50% with F20???F29 schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorder. Fidelity to formulation model components was found to be high. There was a significant decrease in staff perception of the frequency
of patients’ challenging behaviours, with large effect sizes. There was strong evidence of a reduction in the number of violent incidents and self‐harm post‐case formulation. None of the mechanism tests were significant. Case formulation sessions appear to be a feasible
and effective intervention to reduce challenging behaviours within acute inpatient care.
Guidelines for the development of WOAH online modules: Advanced Practices
Authors:   WOAH
Published: August 2024

The purpose of these guidelines is to provide additional resources for the development of e-learning modules for the WOAH Training Platform, adopting advanced practices beyond the core requirements needed for consideration for inclusion on the Platform. Training providers or WOAH may choose to implement all or some of these guidelines depending on needs. The guidelines may have additional applicability, including with reference to the WOAH Competence Packages and other future initiatives.
Fluorinated porous organic frameworks for C2F6/CF4 gases separation
Authors: Li Yinhui , Wu Yue , Wang Shanshan , Fu Yu , Li Xiaoyu , Zeng Jiahui , Zhang Wenxiang , Ma Heping
Published: August 2024

As an indispensable raw material for silicon-based semiconductor industry, carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) is widely used as plasma etching and cleaning gas in the manufacture of semiconductors. How to efficiently remove the C2F6 impurity during the CF4 production process is a challenging task as semiconductor industry requires high-purity CF4 gas. Herein, two fluorine-functionalized porous organic frameworks (F-POFs) named SPPOF-4F and SPPOF-8F were synthesized and used for separation of C2F6/CF4 gases. Single-component gas adsorption experiments and ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) calculations indicate that two porous organic frameworks can selectively adsorb C2F6 from C2F6/CF4 mixture. Molecular simulations have further complemented these experimental findings by revealing F-induced host-guest interactions between F-POFs and C2F6 at a molecular level. Additionally, dynamic breakthrough experiments verified that the F-POFs can capture C2F6 in C2F6/CF4 mixture at practical conditions. These results indicate that F-POFs have great potential for application in the separation and purification of CF4 electronic special gases.
Algorithm for numerical solution of Maxwell's equations for modeling disturbances of the magnetic field by an ionized medium
Authors: Voronin Fyodor Nikolaevich , Markov Mikhail Borisovich , Tarakanov Ilya Alekseyevich
Published: August 2024

The motion of an ionized medium in an external magnetic field is considered. A numerical algorithm for solving electrodynamic equations in the magnetic gas dynamics approximation has been constructed. Maxwell's equations in the quasi-static approximation are approximated on a Cartesian difference grid. The solution of difference equations is organized according to the “predictor-corrector” scheme. Algorithms are presented for the cases of ideal and non-ideal magnetic gas dynamics.
Trends in Drug Overdose Deaths by Intent and Drug Categories, United States, 1999‒2022
Authors: Nguyen Anallely , Wang Jing , Holland Kristin M. , Ehlman Daniel C. , Welder Laura E. , Miller Kimberly D. , Stone Deborah M.
Published: August 2024

Objectives. To examine trends in overdose deaths by intent and drug category to better understand the recent decrease in overdose suicides amid the overdose epidemic.

Methods. We examined trends in rates of overdose deaths by intent (unintentional, suicide, or undetermined) across 9 drug categories from 1999 to 2022 using US National Vital Statistics System mortality data.

Results. Unintentional overdoses involving synthetic opioids, polydrug toxicity involving synthetic opioids, psychostimulants, and cocaine increased exponentially with annual percentage changes ranging from 15.0% to 104.9% during 2010 to 2022. The death rates also increased for suicides involving these drugs, especially for psychostimulants (annual percentage change = 12.9% for 2010–2022; P < .001). However, these drugs accounted for relatively small percentages of overdose suicides. The leading drug categories among suicides were antidepressants, prescription opioids, and benzodiazepines, though these deaths have decreased or leveled off in recent years.

Conclusions. Different drugs commonly involved in suicides and unintentional overdoses may contribute to their divergent trends.

Public Health Implications. Amid the overdose epidemic, safe storage of medications remains a crucial strategy to prevent overdose suicides. The large increases in suicides involving psychostimulants warrant monitoring. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(10):1081–1085. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307745 )
Spontaneous Pneumorrhachis With S1 Radiculopathy: Current Evidence Regarding a Rare Presentation
Authors: Sura Sukumar , Kuruba Venkataramana , Mallepally Abhinandan Reddy , Reddy Rajendra
Published: August 2024

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) causes the vacuum phenomenon, resulting in the accumulation of air in the disc space. Pneumorrachis refers to the presence of air in the spinal canal, which is sometimes associated with DDD. Air may form pseudocysts and compress the root or thecal sac, causing symptoms similar to those of disc herniation or an osteophyte. Pneumorrachis, which is a rare condition, needs proper preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography for an accurate diagnosis and differentiation from other pathologies, such as a discal or facetal cyst. The pathogenesis of pneumorrhachis remains unclear, and treatment guidelines have not been established. Asymptomatic cases need observation. Symptomatic cases may require percutaneous aspiration, which can result in incomplete pain relief and high recurrence rates. Open or microsurgical decompression and excision provide relief, but very few reports have described the role of full-endoscopic management for this condition. Herein, we report the case of a 78-year-old woman with an epidural gas-containing pseudocyst and left-sided S1 radiculopathy, who was managed with endoscopic decompression and excision of the cyst. The case highlights the need for thorough imaging and the establishment of standard guidelines for diagnosing and managing such cases. Endoscopic techniques offer better visualisation and manipulation, leading to significant improvement in symptoms. Advances in endoscopic techniques have made it easier to perform lumbar surgery through the endoscope, making it a viable option.
Single-Sided Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Tunable Performance Over a Wide Pressure Range
Authors: Andrews Joseph , Barton Vanessa , Tewani Hridyesh , Sun Xiangyu , Franck Christian , Prabhakar Pavana
Published: August 2024

Flexible pressure sensors have a wide range of applications including human body monitoring and robotic control. Recent work has focused on developing pressure sensors that excel at measuring pressure in the ultrasensitive range, often with parallel plate piezocapacitive sensors and a dielectric that relies on microstructures. However, these approaches have a few drawbacks including a limited range and high complexity leading to expensive and time-consuming manufacturing. To mitigate these problems, we demonstrate the fabrication of a low-cost, flexible, interdigitated electrode (IDE) pressure sensor with an overlaid layered elastomer composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Barium Titanate (BaTiO3). The elastomers are manipulated by modifying the mixing ratio, curing temperature, incorporation of BaTiO3, and compressed at two strain rates. Characterization of these elastomers and IDE geometry allows for insights into the behavior and tunability of the layered macrostructure and electrode design. As a result, the leading IDE geometry can be tuned to work in a lower range with a sensitivity of 77.8% per decade between 0 and 10 kPa and 4.5% per decade between 10 and 100 kPa or in a larger range with a sensitivity of 12.9% per decade between 0 and 100 kPa and 3.4% per decade between 100 and 500kPa.
Impact of Teacher-Student Rapport in Learning English at the Tertiary Level in Bangladeshi Context
Authors: Farzana Sadia Tul , Roy Sukanto
Published: August 2024

This study intends to explore the teacher-student rapport in the Bangladeshi tertiary-level (private universities) ESL (English as a second language) context following a mixed methodology scheme. For managing data of this research, a survey questionnaire has been provided to Bangladeshi private university students, and five one-to-one interview sessions have been arranged with three different private university teachers. In addition, two tertiary-level classrooms have been observed as a part of qualitative data collection. The result of this study suggests that both teachers and students have a positive attitude toward “Rapport,” and it helps language learning in a multidimensional way. Moreover, this study has addressed some challenges with their suggestive solutions in the end.
Quantitative and Health Risks Evaluations of Trace Metals in Soils and Cassava Tubers Cultivated in Farms Around Abandoned Ishiagu Mining Sites, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Orji Obasi Uche , Agu Peter Chinedu , Okah Kingsley Nnaemeka , Ibiam Udu Ama , Elom Geraldine Ifeoma , Obasi Otuomasiri Divine , Ezeani Nkiruka Nwamaka , Orji Emmanuel , Nwiziogo Francisca Chidimma , Alum Esther Ugo , Aja Patrick Maduabuchi
Published: August 2024

Contamination of the environment with toxic metals can bring about possible pollution of cassava. Eating food crops contaminated with toxic metals is the main food chain pathway for human exposure. Some trace metals like Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Nickel, Lead, Selenium, Strontium, Niobium, Vanadium, and Iron in soil and their accumulation in cassava tubers collected from farms around abandoned mining sites at Ishiagu in Ebonyi State, Nigeria were analyzed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to evaluate the potential health risk to the dweller adults and children. Results show that there is an extensive build-up of toxic metals in farmland soils around the abandoned mining sites at Ishiagu, Ebonyi State. Levels of toxic metals in cassava grown in Farms around the mines were substantially higher (P < 0.05) than in cassava tubers grown in the reference soil, and exceeded the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization. In addition, this investigation reveals that both adults and children consuming cassavas grown in the area ingest appreciable quantities of the metals studied. The health risk indicator quantities of greater than 1 signal a strong presence of health risks connected with the eating of contaminated cassava.
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt
Authors: jiao min , lu lu , li tianyu , lu baoyi , zhang yiyi
Published: August 2024

The spatial distribution characteristics and development process of national Intangible Cultural Heritage items (ICHs) in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt are closely related to the excavation and passage of the canal. Guided by the theory of the "man-land relationship areal system", the study used geographical space-time analysis to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of national ICHs in the broader and narrower Grand Canal Cultural Belt and measured the factors affecting the spatial distribution of ICHs in both quantitative and qualitative terms. The results show that: (1) The national ICHs in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt as a whole closely follow the developed central regions of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang to form a cluster and take the high administrative level, economic development areas and historical and cultural cities along the canal as the core cluster areas in the provincial and municipal scales; (2) The Grand Canal Cultural Belt in a narrow sense is the main gathering area for all types of national ICHs, especially in the core cities along the canal, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Langfang, Suzhou, Wuxi, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo. (3) the evolution trend of national ICHs in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt of different batches shows the cohesion trend to the canal always point area, and the core cities along the canal are still the main distribution areas of national ICHs in different batches, which further proves the close correlation between the canal and ICHs; (4) The results of Geodetector show that human factors have stronger explanatory power than natural factors, and the closer to the canal, the influence of human factors and natural factors on the spatial distribution of national ICHs are increased. Among human factors, the inheritors and financial support for cultural tourism are the most significant. The historical factors shape the depth of the connotation of ICHs in the historical space and time. The above study shows that a good natural and cultural ecological space of the canal is an important guarantee for the effective protection and adaptive use of national ICHs in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt.
Towards a Refined Climate Urbanism Typology: Comparing Local Policy Debates in German and American cities
Authors: Nagel Melanie , Jocoy Christine , House-Peters Lily
Published: August 2024

Cities are a key arena in confronting climate change. The concept of climate urbanism
describes this emerging policy approach for which climate change has made mitigation
and adaptation policies central to urban governance and life in cities. We contribute to
the existing canon of climate urbanism scholarship through an empirically driven
analysis of the discourse landscape in four cities facing pressure for climate action
planning and policy. In each city, we identify themes and evaluate how they fit into the
three modalities of a climate urbanism typology proposed by Castán Broto, Robin, and
While (2020): reactive, entrepreneurial, and transformative. Furthermore, our research
aims to identify which actors are driving these themes, which groups of actors
predominantly agree, and what fractures or disagreements exist in our four cities.
Informed by these empirical findings, we offer a more nuanced and expanded climate
urbanism typology.
Prediction of Low-temperature Performance of Asphalt based on Four-point Bending Notched Beam Test
Authors: Sun Zhiqi , Liu Pudong , Li Shaohua , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2024

The mechanism of thermal cracking in asphalt is closely linked to thermal cracks in asphalt pavements. Nevertheless, the majority of prior research on the low-temperature behavior of asphalt failed to comprehensively incorporate the thermal cracking mechanism. This work utilizes the fracture temperature as a criterion for assessing asphalt low-temperature cracking. It uses the four-point bending notched beam test (4P) to forecast the low-temperature behavior of asphalt. This prediction is made by deductive reasoning, taking into account the thermal cracking mechanism. The specific method was as follows: the viscoelastic properties and contraction strain of asphalt were determined through the main curve test and low-temperature contraction test, respectively. These results served as a basis for calculating thermal stress and pseudo cumulative strain energy. Additionally, the thermal stresses of asphalt were obtained by the Boltzmann superposition principle, and the pseudo cumulative strain energy density was calculated by using the line low-temperature contraction obtained from the low-temperature contraction test as the pseudo strain. 4P test was employed to determine the critical strength and critical energy of various asphalt cracking. These values were then utilized as a basis to deduce the fracture temperature of asphalt. The accuracy and reliability of this method for predicting the low-temperature performance of asphalt were confirmed by comparing the measured fracture temperatures of asphalt mixtures with the same gradation to the predicted values. A novel technique was presented for assessing the low-temperature performance of asphalt.
Emerging clean technologies: policy-driven cost reductions, implications and perspectives
Authors: Atouife Mohamed , Jenkins Jesse
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen production from water electrolysis, direct air capture (DAC), and synthetic kerosene derived from hydrogen and CO2 ('e-kerosene') are expected to play an important role in global decarbonization efforts. So far, the economics of these nascent technologies hamper their market diffusion. However, a wave of recent policy support in the United States, Europe, China, and elsewhere is anticipated to drive their commercial liftoff and bring their costs down. To this end, we evaluate the potential cost reductions driven by policy-induced scale-up of these emerging technologies through 2030 using an experience curves approach accounting for both local and global learning effects. We then analyze the consequences of projected cost declines on the competitiveness of these nascent technologies compared to conventional fossil alternatives, where applicable, and highlight some of the tradeoffs associated with their expansion. Our findings indicate that enacted policies could lead to substantial capital cost reductions for electrolyzers. Nevertheless, electrolytic hydrogen production at \$1-2/kg would still require some form of policy support. Given expected costs and experience curves, it is unlikely that liquid solvent DAC (L-DAC) scale-up will bring removal costs to stated targets of $100/tCO2, though a $200/tCO2 may eventually be within reach. We also underscore the importance of tackling methane leakage for natural gas-powered L-DAC: unmitigated leaks amplify net removal costs, exacerbate the investment requirements to reach targeted costs, and cast doubt on the technology's role in the clean energy transition. Lastly, despite reductions in electrolysis and L-DAC costs, e-kerosene remains considerably more expensive than fossil jet fuel. The economics of e-kerosene and the resources required for production raise questions about the fuel's ultimate viability as a decarbonization tool for aviation.
Integration of QTL and Transcriptome Studies Reveals Candidate Genes for Water Stress Response in St. Augustinegrass
Authors: Rockstad Greta , Yu Xingwang , Gesteira Gabriel de Siqueira , Gaire Susmita , Dickey Allison , Gouveia Beatriz T. , Schoonmaker Ashley N. , Hulse-Kemp Amanda M. , Milla-Lewis Susana R.
Published: August 2024

Background
Drought resistance is an increasingly important trait for many plants—including St. Augustinegrass, a major warm-season turfgrass—as more municipalities impose restrictions on frequency and amount of irrigation. Breeding efforts have focused on breeding for drought resistance, and several drought-related QTL have been identified for St. Augustinegrass in our previous studies. However, the molecular basis of this trait is still less understood, which has been a significant roadblock for genetic improvement of the species.
Results
This study sought to validate those QTL regions in an independent biparental population developed from two sibling lines, XSA10098 and XSA10127. The drought evaluation in two greenhouse trials showed significant genotype variation for drought stress traits including leaf wilting, percent green cover, relative water content, percent recovery, and the area under the leaf wilting-, percent green cover-, and percent recovery- curves. A linkage map was constructed from a total of 12,269 SNPs, representing the densest St. Augustinegrass linkage map to date. Twenty-four QTL were identified from a multiple QTL mapping approach, and overlapping regions from this study and previous St. Augustinegrass drought resistance studies were found on linkage groups 3, 4, 6, and 9. At the transcriptome level, 1965 and 1005 differentially expressed genes were identified in the drought sensitive and tolerant genotypes, respectively. Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis found different mechanisms adopted by the two genotypes in response to drought stress. Integrating QTL and transcriptomics analyses revealed several candidate genes which are involved in processes including cell wall organization, photorespiration, zinc ion transport, regulation of reactive oxygen species, channel activity, and regulation in response to abiotic stress.
Conclusions
These results represent a step toward understanding the genetic control of water stress response in St. Augustinegrass and provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of drought resistance in this species.
Synthesis of 6-dialkylaminopyrimidine carboxamide analogues and their anti-tubercular properties
Authors: Tshinavhe Ronewa , Peton Nashied , Simelane Sandile B. , Moshapo Paseka
Published: August 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a threat to global health stability. Pyrimidine carboxamides have demonstrated potent anti-tubercular properties against clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Herein, we report a follow-up study on the synthesis of pyrimidine carboxamide molecular analogues and their anti-TB evaluation. In total, a library consisting of 37 new compounds is reported. Seven compounds (7b, 7d, 7m, 7p, 7q, 7aa, and 7ah) demonstrated excellent in vitro activities with MIC90 values below 1.00 µM. Apart from compound 7ah, compounds with improved aqueous solubility properties had lower anti-TB potency. Preliminary mode of action studies using bioluminescence assays indicate that the active compounds do not affect the integrity of mycobacterial DNA or the cell wall. The active compounds were also found to be bactericidal against replicating H37Rv Mtb strain.
Risk of Hospital INpatient Opioid Overdose (RHINOO): A review of factors impacting naloxone administration in patients receiving opioids
Authors: Alban Heather , Ireifej Natasha , D’Alessandro John , Jordan Garrett , Lee Ryan , Patricia Nicholas , Stolzfus Jillian , Niyibizi Auguste
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Opioid medications remain a common treatment for acute pain in hospitalized patients. This study aims to identify factors contributing to opioid overdose in the inpatient population, addressing the gap in data on which patients are at higher risk for opioid-related adverse events in the hospital setting.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review of inpatients receiving at least one opioid medication was performed at a large academic medical center from January 1, 2022, through December 31, 2022. Patients who received naloxone were designated as the study group, while those who received opioids without naloxone served as the control group. Suspected risk factors were included in a multivariable direct logistic regression model to identify patients at higher risk for opioid-related adverse events.
Results:
The review included 11,050 admitted patients who received an inpatient opioid, of whom 130 received naloxone. Analysis revealed that patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) < 60 mL/min, co-administered benzodiazepine, body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m², underlying pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic opioid use, and/or substance use disorder were at higher risk for requiring naloxone. These factors significantly influenced the likelihood and magnitude of in-hospital opioid overdose.
Conclusion:
These validated risk factors should be considered when administering opioid analgesics in the inpatient setting. Consideration should be given to reducing the dose and/or frequency of opioids in addition to the use of alternative analgesic modalities for patients with these risk factors to mitigate the risk of opioid-related adverse events. Incorporating these considerations into clinical practice can enhance patient safety and outcomes.
Evaluation of interactions between anxiolytic drugs and human serum albumin as a ternary system: In vitro and in silico approaches
Authors: Jalali Elaheh , Sargolzaei Javad , Rajabi Parisa
Published: August 2024

In recent years, buspirone has been co-administered with sertraline to resolve sexual disorders caused by sertraline. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the interaction effect of two antidepressants and anxiolytic drugs, sertraline and buspirone, on human serum albumin (HSA) using spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy and molecular docking were used to calculate the binding affinity and determine the best binding sites for these two drugs. Additionally, UV-visible and circular dichroism spectroscopy were performed to investigate the effect of these drugs on the conformational changes of HSA. The results showed that both drugs have a strong ability to quench the fluorescence of HSA through a static mechanism, and cause structural changes in HSA. It was also found that binding of sertraline and buspirone to HSA is spontaneous and hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds play a significant role in these interactions in the ternary system. In addition, molecular docking data showed that both drugs bind with high affinity to the Trp residue in subdomain IIA. This study demonstrates that the presence of the second drug (buspirone/sertraline) affects the interaction and binding affinity of the first drug (sertraline/buspirone) to human serum albumin.