bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiband terahertz metamaterial perfect absorber for microorganisms detection
Authors: Bhati Ruchi , Malik Anil K
Published: November 2023

We report a multi-resonant terahertz (THz) metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA)-based biosensor in the working frequency range of $$0 - 3.8 THz$$

0
-
3.8
T
H
z

for sensing of microorganisms (such as fungi, yeast) and wheat pesticides. Nearly $$100\%$$

100
%

absorption is realized at $$f_1= 1.7THz, f_2= 2.8THz, f_3=3.2THz,$$

f
1

=
1.7
T
H
z
,

f
2

=
2.8
T
H
z
,

f
3

=
3.2
T
H
z
,

and $$f_4=3.5THz$$

f
4

=
3.5
T
H
z

. We designed our THz MPA sensor making resonators’ gap area compatible with the microorganisms’ size. To obtain optimum performance of the MPA, a mapping of amplitudes and shifts in the absorption resonance peaks with different structural parameters of the resonators is carried out. A very high-frequency shift is obtained for microorganisms such as Penicillium chrysogenum (fungi), yeast, and pesticides (Imidacloprid, N, N-Diethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt trihydrate, Daminozide, N, N-Diethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt hydrate, and Dicofol). An equivalent circuit model using Advance Design System (ADS) software is developed. The calculated results through the model show similar trends as obtained in the simulations using CST. Investigations of the effect of incidence angle of THz wave on the absorption spectra of the MPA are also carried out. It is found that incidence angle does not impact the stability of the lower resonance absorption peak (1.79THz). Due to the wide working frequency range, the proposed sensor is extremely suitable for the detection of all range of pesticides because their specific absorption fingerprint lies in the frequency range of 0–3.8THz. We believe that our sensor could be a potential detection tool for detecting pesticide residues in agriculture and food products. The THz MPA-based biosensor is capable of detecting a very small change in the effective dielectric constant of the MPA environment. Therefore, it can also offer huge opportunities in label-free biosensing for future biomedical applications.
Quantitative analysis of peroxisome tracks using a Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Svensson Carl-Magnus , Reglinski Katharina , Schliebs Wolfgang , Erdmann Ralf , Eggeling Christian , Figge Marc Thilo
Published: November 2023

Diffusion and mobility are essential for cellular functions, as molecules are usually distributed throughout the cell and have to meet to interact and perform their function. This also involves the cytosolic migration of cellular organelles. However, observing such diffusion and interaction dynamics is challenging due to the high spatial and temporal resolution required and the accurate analysis of the diffusional tracks. The latter is especially important when identifying anomalous diffusion events, such as directed motions, which are often rare. Here, we investigate the migration modes of peroxisome organelles in the cytosol of living cells. Peroxisomes predominantly migrate randomly, but occasionally they bind to the cell's microtubular network and perform directed migration, which is difficult to quantify, and so far, accurate analysis of switching between these migration modes is missing. We set out to solve this limitation by experiments and analysis with high statistical accuracy. Specifically, we collect temporal diffusion tracks of thousands of individual peroxisomes in the HEK 293 cell line using two-dimensional spinning disc fluorescence microscopy at a high acquisition rate of 10 frames/s. We use a Hidden Markov Model with two hidden states to (1) automatically identify directed migration segments of the tracks and (2) quantify the migration properties for comparison between states and between different experimental conditions. Comparing different cellular conditions, we show that the knockout of the peroxisomal membrane protein PEX14 leads to a decrease in the directed movement due to a lowered binding probability to the microtubule. However, it does not eradicate binding, highlighting further microtubule-binding mechanisms of peroxisomes than via PEX14. In contrast, structural changes of the microtubular network explain perceived eradication of directed movement by disassembly of microtubules by Nocodazole-treatment.
Analytical modeling and numerical analysis of thermoelastic damping in ultrathin elastic films due to surface effects
Authors: Huang Dianwu , Xiong Houren , Yang Guangying
Published: November 2023

Analytical techniques used for estimating thermoelastic damping by incorporating both mechanical and thermal interactions between surfaces and the rest of the bulk are intricate and challenging due to the limited understanding of the damping mechanisms in extra-thin films subjected to forced vibrations. This paper proposes a modified model to analytically calculate the thermoelastic damping of ultrathin elastic films due to surface effects and analyzes the thermoelastic damping variation with different factors through numerical experiments on two materials. The model considers surface stresses derived from the elastic surface theory using Kirchhoff's kinetic hypothesis and determines thermoelastic damping by considering thermal dissipation and elastic potential energy. The results show that surface effects significantly influence the thermoelastic damping of the film, and the specific behavior of a thin film’s thermoelastic damping with respect to film thickness is impacted by various factors, including material property, the variation range of film thickness, and the forced vibration frequency. This study provides insights into the thermoelastic damping behavior of thin films and has important implications for the development of nanoscale oscillators in MEMS or NEMS systems.
Emotional intelligence as a conduit for improved occupational health safety environment in the oil and gas sector
Authors: Edmund Nkrumah Nana Kwame , Suxia Liu , Ebenezer Larnyo , Kachie Arielle Doris Tetgoum
Published: November 2023

To address the issue of promoting occupational health and safety at the workplace, this study aimed to evaluate the mediating effect of four different dimensional constructs of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on the influence Occupational Health and Safety Management Practices (OHSMP) hold on safety performance and workplace accidents among oil and gas workers. The study is explanatory research that adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Convenience and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 699 respondents from the three major government-owned oil and gas organizations. The multiple standard regression and bootstrapping mediation methods were used for data analysis after subjecting the data to exploratory and confirmatory factor assessments. Results indicated that OHSMP significantly predicts EI, safety performance, and workplace accidents. Again, EI was found to predict safety performance and workplace accidents significantly. Results also indicated that all the construct dimensions for measuring EI significantly explain the relationship between OHSMP and safety performance, as well as the influence of OHSMP on workplace accidents. The theoretical basis for these findings is that workers with high-level EI are likely to cope with occupational health and safety lapses or safety-related challenges at the workplace by participating and complying with the organization’s safety management practices or procedures. Such employees are likely to exhibit safe working behaviors and contribute to improving safety performance in the organization.
Hypothyroidism increases angiotensinogen gene expression associated with vascular smooth muscle cells cholesterol metabolism dysfunction and aorta remodeling in Psammomys obesus
Authors: Neggazi Samia , Hamlat Nadjiba , Berdja Sihem , Boumaza Saliha , Smail Leila , Beylot Michel , Aouichat-Bouguerra Souhila
Published: November 2023

It has been previously shown that clinical cardiovascular manifestations can be caused by mild changes in thyroid function. However, the implication of angiotensinogen (Agt) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) dysfunction in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular manifestations in hypothyroidism have not yet been investigated. We induced experimental hypothyroidism in Psammomys obesus by administering carbimazole for five months. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological analysis was performed using Masson's trichrome staining of the aorta and thyroid gland. The expression of the Agt gene and the genes implicated in cholesterol metabolism regulation in the liver and VSMCs was determined by qRT-PCR. Histological observations revealed profound remodeling of the aorta structure in animals with hypothyroidism. In addition, Agt gene expression in the liver was significantly increased. In vitro study, showed that VSMCs from hypothyroid animals overexpressed 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) and Acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (Acat) 1, with failure to increase the efflux pathway genes (ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member (Abcg) 1 and 4). These results suggest that hypothyroidism leads to vascular alterations, including structural remodeling, VSMCs cholesterol metabolism dysfunction, and their switch to a synthetic phenotype, together with hepatic Agt gene overexpression.
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and risk of long COVID symptoms: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Congdon Seth , Narrowe Zev , Yone Nang , Gunn Jacob , Deng Yuting , Nori Priya , Cowman Kelsie , Islam Marjan , Rikin Sharon , Starrels Joanna
Published: November 2023

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess whether treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was associated with a reduced risk of long COVID. We enrolled 500 adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 who were eligible for nirmatrelvir/ritonavir; 250 who took nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and 250 who did not. The primary outcome was the development of one or more of eleven prespecified long COVID symptoms, assessed through a structured telephone interview four months after the positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Multivariable logistic regression models controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, chronic conditions, and COVID-19 vaccination status. We found that participants who took nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were no less likely to develop long COVID symptoms, compared to those who did not take the medication (44% vs. 49.6%, p = 0.21). Taking nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was associated with a lower odds of two of the eleven long COVID symptoms, brain fog (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38–0.88) and chest pain/tightness (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28–0.91). Our finding that treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was not associated with a lower risk of developing long COVID is different from prior studies that obtained data only from electronic medical records.
Application of multivariate chemometrics tools for spectrophotometric determination of naphazoline HCl, pheniramine maleate and three official impurities in their eye drops
Authors: Kelani Khadiga M. , Hegazy Maha A. , Hassan Amal M. , Tantawy Mahmoud A.
Published: November 2023

This work is concerned with exploiting the power of chemometrics in the assay and purity determination of naphazoline HCl (NZ) and pheniramine maleate (PN) in their combined eye drops. Partial least squares (PLS) and artificial neural network (ANN) were the chosen models for that purpose where three selected official impurities, namely; NZ impurity B and PN impurities A and B, were successfully determined. The quantitative determinations of studied components were assessed by percentage recoveries, standard errors of prediction as well as root mean square errors of prediction. The developed models were constructed in the ranges of 5.0–13.0 μg mL−1 for NZ, 10.0–60.0 μg mL−1 for PN, 1.0–5.0 μg mL−1 for NZ impurity B and 2.0–14.0 μg mL−1 for two PN impurities. The proposed models could determine NZ and PN with respective detection limits of 0.447 and 1.750 μg mL−1 for PLS, and 0.494 and 2.093 μg mL−1 for ANN. The two established models were compared favorably with official methods where no significant difference observed.
Synthesis, characterization, and preliminary insights of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles into potential applications, with a focus on gas sensing
Authors: Abdulhamid Zeyad M. , Dabbawala Aasif A. , Delclos Thomas , Straubinger Rainer , Rueping Magnus , Polychronopoulou Kyriaki , Anjum Dalaver H.
Published: November 2023

This work presents a hydrothermal-based facile method for synthesizing ZnFe2O4, whose size can be controlled with the concentration of sodium acetate used as a fuel and its physical changes at nanoscales when exposed to two different gases. The structural, morphological, compositional, and electronic properties of the synthesized samples are also presented in this paper. The crystal structure of the synthesized samples was determined using an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). The results revealed fluctuations in the size, lattice parameter, and strain in the nanoparticles with increasing the concentration of sodium acetate. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to determine synthesized materials’ morphology and particle size. It revealed that the particles possessed approximately spherical morphology whose size decreased significantly with the increasing amount of sodium acetate. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was utilized to determine the structure, morphology, and elemental distributions in particles at the nanoscale, and it confirmed the findings of XRD and FESEM analyses. The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) imaging analysis of the nanoparticles in our studied samples revealed that the particles predominantly possessed (001) type facets. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and core-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) showed an increasing fraction of Fe2+ with the decreasing size of the particles in samples. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Tellers (BET) analysis of samples revealed a higher surface area as the particle size decreases. In addition, the determined surface area and pore size values are compared with the literature, and it was found that the synthesized materials are promising for gas-sensing applications. The ab initio calculations of the Density of States (DOS) and Band structure of (001) surface terminating ZnFe2O4 were carried out using Quantum Espresso software to determine the bandgap of the synthesized samples. They were compared to their corresponding experimentally determined bandgap values and showed close agreement. Finally, in-situ TEM measurement was carried out on one of the four studied samples with robust properties using Ar and CO2 as reference and target gases, respectively. It is concluded from the presented study that the size reduction of the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) tunes the bandgap and provides more active sites due to a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies. The in-situ TEM showed us a nanoscale observation of the change in one of the crystal structure parameters. The d spacing of ZnFe2O4 NPs showed a noticeable fluctuation, reaching more than 5% upon exposure to CO2 and Ar gases.
A neck-sparing short stem shows significantly lower blood loss in total hip arthroplasty compared to a neck-resecting short stem
Authors: Stadler Christian , Schauer Bernhard , Brabec Katja , Schopper Clemens , Gotterbarm Tobias , Luger Matthias
Published: November 2023

Short stems are associated with a significantly lower blood loss (BL) compared to straight stems in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Different types of stems differ in design, fixation and level of femoral neck osteotomy. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the difference regarding the perioperative BL between two short stems with different designs in direct anterior approach (DAA). A total of 187 THA performed by a single surgeon were analysed. 107 patients received a neck-resecting (Group A) and 80 patients a neck-sparing short stem (Group B). Blood counts of the day before surgery and of two days after surgery were evaluated. Total blood volume and BL were calculated. Additionally, duration of surgery was analysed. The perioperative BL was significantly lower in Group B (451.4 ± 188.4 ml) compared to Group A (546.6 ± 232.7 ml; p = 0.002). The postoperative haematocrit (31.6 ± 3.7% vs. 30.4 ± 4.4%; p = 0.049) and haemoglobin-level (11.0 ± 1.3 g/dL vs. 10.4 ± 1.5 g/dL; p = 0.002) were significantly higher in Group B. Duration of surgery was significantly shorter in Group B (62.0 ± 11.4 min vs. 72.6 ± 21.8 min; p < 0.001). The use of a neck-sparing short stem leads to a significantly decreased BL compared to a neck-resecting short stem in DAA THA. A less extensively conducted capsular release necessary for optimal femoral exposition might lead to a lower perioperative BL and shorter durations of surgery.
Predicting OCT biological marker localization from weak annotations
Authors: Tejero Javier Gamazo , Neila Pablo Márquez , Kurmann Thomas , Gallardo Mathias , Zinkernagel Martin , Wolf Sebastian , Sznitman Raphael
Published: November 2023

Recent developments in deep learning have shown success in accurately predicting the location of biological markers in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) volumes of patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). We propose a method that automatically locates biological markers to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) rings, only requiring B-scan-level presence annotations. We trained a neural network using 22,723 OCT B-Scans of 460 eyes (433 patients) with AMD and DR, annotated with slice-level labels for Intraretinal Fluid (IRF) and Subretinal Fluid (SRF). The neural network outputs were mapped into the corresponding ETDRS rings. We incorporated the class annotations and domain knowledge into a loss function to constrain the output with biologically plausible solutions. The method was tested on a set of OCT volumes with 322 eyes (189 patients) with Diabetic Macular Edema, with slice-level SRF and IRF presence annotations for the ETDRS rings. Our method accurately predicted the presence of IRF and SRF in each ETDRS ring, outperforming previous baselines even in the most challenging scenarios. Our model was also successfully applied to en-face marker segmentation and showed consistency within C-scans, despite not incorporating volume information in the training process. We achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.946 for the prediction of the IRF area.
Relationships between species richness and biomass production are context dependent in grasslands differing in land-use and seed addition
Authors: Andraczek Karl , Weigelt Alexandra , Cantuarias Cristóbal J. Bottero , Fischer Markus , Hinderling Judith , Prati Daniel , Rauwolf Esther M. N. , van der Plas Fons
Published: November 2023

Despite evidence from grasslands experiments suggesting that plant species loss reduces biomass production, the strength of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in managed grasslands is still debated. High land-use intensity and reduced species pools are often suggested to make relationships between biodiversity and productivity less positive or even negative, but concrete evidence is still scarce. We investigated biodiversity-productivity relationships over two years in 150 managed grasslands in Germany. Specifically, we distinguished between relationships of biodiversity and biomass production in managed grasslands (1) varying in land-use intensity (e.g. of mowing, grazing and/or fertilization), (2) where land-use intensity is experimentally reduced, and (3) where additionally to land-use reductions, species pools are enlarged by seed addition. Among grasslands varying in land-use intensity, we found negative biodiversity-productivity relationships. Land-use reduction weakened these relationships, towards neutral, and sometimes, even positive relationships. Seed addition reduced species pool limitations, but this did not strengthen biodiversity-productivity relationships. Our findings indicate that land-use intensity is an important factor explaining the predominantly negative biodiversity-productivity relationships in managed grasslands. While we did not find that species pool limitations weakened biodiversity-productivity relationships, our results are based on a two-year-old experiment, possibly such effects are only visible in the long-term. Ultimately, advancing insights on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships helps us to understand under which conditions agricultural production may benefit from promoting biodiversity.
Availability and type of energy regulate the global distribution of neritic carbonates
Authors: Bialik Or M. , Coletti Giovanni , Mariani Luca , Commissario Lucrezi , Desbiolles Fabien , Meroni Agostino Niyonkuru
Published: November 2023

The study of carbonate rocks is primarily reliant on microfacies analysis, which is strongly based on the comparison with modern allochem assemblages. Despite the existence of several models aimed at comprehensively explaining, on the bases of abiotic factors, the distribution of carbonate-producing organisms, a global, quantitative and standardized overview of the composition of shallow-water carbonate sediments is still missing. Aiming to address this gap in knowledge, the current study provides a global database of the available quantitative data on neritic carbonate sediments. This is paired with satellite-based observations for the abiotic parameters. The results highlight a non-linear, multi-variable, dependence in the distribution of allochems and suggest that depth, temperature, and trophic state are, to a certain extent, interchangeable. The implication of which is a level of non-uniqueness for paleoenvironmental interpretation. The resulting distribution is rather continuous and stretches along an energy gradient. A gradient extending from solar energy, with autotrophs and symbiont-bearing organisms to chemical energy with heterotrophs. Further, quantitative data from modern oceans are still required to disentangle the remaining elements of uncertainty.
Prognostic impact of HER2-low positivity in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, node-positive early breast cancer
Authors: Shikata Shohei , Murata Takeshi , Yoshida Masayuki , Hashiguchi Hiromi , Yoshii Yukiko , Ogawa Ayumi , Watase Chikashi , Shiino Sho , Sugino Hirokazu , Jimbo Kenjiro , Maeshima Akiko , Iwamoto Eriko , Takayama Shin , Suto Akihiko
Published: November 2023

Adjuvant therapy for patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, node-positive, early breast cancer (EBC) remains challenging. The prognostic significance of HER2-low positivity in these patients is not fully understood. In our retrospective study, we analyzed 647 patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, node-positive EBC, stratifying them into three cohorts based on axillary lymph node involvement, tumor size, and characteristics. Cohort 1 included patients with either ≥ 4 positive axillary lymph nodes or 1–3 positive nodes with histological grade 3 or tumor size ≥ 5 cm. Cohort 2 consisted of patients with 1–3 positive nodes, histological grade < 3, tumor size < 5 cm, and Ki-67 ≥ 20%. Cohort 3 comprised patients with 1–3 positive nodes, histological grade < 3, tumor size < 5 cm, and Ki-67 < 20%. We compared invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) and distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) between HER2-low (IHC1+ or IHC2+/FISH−) and HER2-zero (IHC0) groups in each cohort. In cohort 1, HER2-low patients exhibited significantly better 5-year IDFS (84.2% vs. 73.6%, p = 0.0213) and DRFS (88.2% vs. 79.8%, p = 0.0154). However, no significant differences were observed in cohorts 2 and 3. Our findings suggest HER2-low positivity as a prognostic factor in HR-positive, HER2-negative, and node-positive EBC.
The impact of subway car interior design on passenger evacuation and boarding/alighting efficiency
Authors: He Si-jun , Li Juan , Chen Wen-wen , Ding Tie-cheng , Zhi Jin-yi
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the impact of subway car interior design on passenger evacuation and boarding/alighting efficiency. The usability of pedestrian agent models was verified through real-life experiments. A seven-factor orthogonal simulation experiment was designed, using key geometric features of the subway car interior as variables. The results of the computer simulation showed that the impact of subway car interior design factors on evacuation and boarding/alighting time was not entirely consistent, with seat layout and door width being the most important factors affecting passenger movement. In the evacuation scenario, only the connectivity of the subway car has no effect on evacuation time, while in the boarding and alighting scenario, seat layout, car type, door width, and foyer width all significantly affect boarding and alighting time. Multivariate regression models were established to predict evacuation and boarding/alighting times through design features, which can explain 86.7% and 58.9% of the time variation, respectively. The research results were used to guide subway car design, and the proposed new scheme demonstrated better performance.
Novel laparoscopic renal denervation immediately reduces atrial fibrillation inducibility: a swine model study
Authors: Kwon Soonil , Choi Eue-Keun , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Lee So-Ryoung , Oh Seil , Kim Si Hyun , Do Minh-Tung , Han Jang Hee , Jeong Chang Wook
Published: November 2023

Catheter-based approaches may have inherent limitations in achieving effective renal denervation (RDN) and treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of novel laparoscopic RDN on modulating AF inducibility using a swine model. Four and five swine were randomly allocated to the sham and RDN groups, respectively. Each swine underwent measurement of the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and AF induction tests using burst atrial pacing before and immediately after sham or RDN procedures with and without vagal nerve stimulation (VNS). A laparoscopic RDN procedure circumferentially ablated the renal nerves round the renal arteries using radiofrequency energy. There was no significant difference in the baseline AERP between the two groups (p > 0.05). Under VNS, AERP was significantly increased by 20 ms after laparoscopic RDN (95% CI = 0–30, p = 0.004). Compared to the sham group, the RDN group showed significantly reduced AF inducibility [OR (95% CI) = 0.32 (0.13–0.76) and 0.24 (0.11–0.57) with and without VNS, respectively]. After laparoscopic RDN, the duration of inducible AF episodes was significantly shortened from 28 (10–77) s to 7 (3–11) s (p < 0.001). The novel laparoscopic RDN can immediately reduce AF inducibility in a swine model.
Microbiome study of a coupled aquaponic system: unveiling the independency of bacterial communities and their beneficial influences among different compartments
Authors: Ruiz Alberto , Scicchitano Daniel , Palladino Giorgia , Nanetti Enrico , Candela Marco , Furones Dolors , Sanahuja Ignasi , Carbó Ricard , Gisbert Enric , Andree Karl B.
Published: November 2023

To understand the microbiome composition and interplay among bacterial communities in different compartments of a coupled freshwater aquaponics system growing flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and lettuces (Lactuca sativa), 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V3–V4 region was analysed from each compartment (fish intestine, water from the sedimentation tank, bioballs from the biological filter, water and biofilm from the hydroponic unit, and lettuce roots). The bacterial communities of each sample group showed a stable diversity during all the trial, except for the fish gut microbiota, which displayed lower alpha diversity values. Regarding beta diversity, the structure of bacterial communities belonging to the biofilm adhering to the hydroponic tank walls, bioballs, and lettuce roots resembled each other (weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances), while bacteria from water samples also clustered together. However, both of the above-mentioned bacterial communities did not resemble those of fish gut. We found a low or almost null number of shared Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) among sampled groups which indicated that each compartment worked as an independent microbiome. Regarding fish health and food safety, the microbiome profile did not reveal neither fish pathogens nor bacterial species potentially pathogenic for food health, highlighting the safety of this sustainable food production system.
The ambient air quality standards, green innovation, and urban air quality: evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhang Dandan , Qian Wenfan , Xu Shaofeng
Published: November 2023

As China’s economy transitions, environmental issues have become a major concern. This study examines the impact of Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) on urban air quality using panel data from 284 cities in China from 2006 to 2019. The study utilizes DID (Difference-in-Difference) models to analyze the regulatory effects of AAQS and its spatial spillover. Additionally, the serial multiple mediation models are constructed to investigate the role of green innovation. The findings reveal that the AAQS positively affects urban air quality, albeit with a notable “hysteresis effect.” Local implementation of AAQS worsens air quality in neighboring cities within a distance of 400 km, but beyond 400 km, the effect is reversed. Heterogeneity analysis shows that AAQS improves air quality in central cities, large-sized and medium-sized cities, cities with weak environmental governance, and resource-based cities. Mechanism tests suggest that AAQS may enhance urban air quality by promoting green innovation and optimizing industrial structure. Especially, either the energy-use effect or industrial-structure effect triggered by green innovation can contribute to the improvement of urban air quality.
Interannual impact of tropical southern Atlantic SST on surface air temperature over East Asia during boreal spring
Authors: Sheng Chen , Zhang Shaoyu , Liu Yimin , Wu Guoxiong , He Bian
Published: November 2023

Using reanalysis data and simulations, this study revealed a pronounced negative interannual relationship between tropical southern Atlantic (TSA) sea surface temperature (SST) and East Asian surface air temperature (SAT) during boreal spring (March–May). Results confirm that the March–May TSA–SST anomaly can be considered an independent tropical driver unrelated to El Niño–Southern Oscillation. A possible mechanism linking TSA–SST and East Asian spring SAT involves an atmospheric wave train, energy conversion, and potential vorticity (PV)–θ dynamics. The anomalous TSA–SST induces an anomalous Walker circulation, which initiates a wave train that extracts energy from a westerly jet and propagates toward East Asia. Subject to PV–θ dynamics, the East Asian PV anomaly embedded within this wave train leads to bowed isentropes and resultant notable anomalous East Asian SAT. In particular, the bootstrapping results suggest that TSA–SST anomaly can cause an approximately sevenfold increase in the occurrence probability of extreme East Asian spring SAT.
Anthropogenic forcing changes coastal tropical cyclone frequency
Authors: Wang Shuai , Murakami Hiroyuki , Cooke William F.
Published: November 2023

It remains a mystery if and how anthropogenic climate change has altered the global tropical cyclone (TC) activities, mainly due to short reliable TC observations and climate internal variabilities. Here we show with large-ensemble TC-permitting simulations that the observed increases in TC frequency since 1980 near the US Atlantic coast and Hawaii are likely related to the aerosol and greenhouse gases (GHG) effects, respectively. The observed decrease in the South China Sea after 1980 could be associated with GHG emissions alone, whereas the observed increase near Japan and Korea during this period would be related to the aerosol and GHG combined effects. These changes in coastal TC frequency are explained by the responses of large-scale environmental conditions to anthropogenic forcing.
Simultaneous emergence of active turbulence and odd viscosity in a colloidal chiral active system
Authors: Mecke Joscha , Gao Yongxiang , Ramírez Medina Carlos A. , Aarts Dirk G.A.L. , Gompper Gerhard , Ripoll Marisol
Published: November 2023

Active fluids display collective phenomena such as active turbulence or odd viscosity, which refer to spontaneous complex and transverse flow. The simultaneous emergence of these seemingly separate phenomena is here reported in experiment for a chiral active fluid composed of a carpet of standing and spinning colloidal rods, and in simulations for synchronously rotating hard discs in a hydrodynamic explicit solvent. Experiments and simulations reveal that multi-scale eddies emerge, a hallmark of active turbulence, with a power-law decay of the kinetic-energy spectrum, a feature of self-similar dynamics. Moreover, the particles are dragged to the centre of the vortices, a telltale sign of odd viscosity. The weak compressibility of the system enables an explicit measurement of the odd viscosity in bulk via the relation between local vorticity and excess density. Our findings are relevant for the understanding of biological systems and for the design of microrobots with collective self-organized behavior.
Magnetic breakdown and spin-zero effect in quantum oscillations in kagome metal CsV3Sb5
Authors: Chen Kuan-Wen , Zheng Guoxin , Zhang Dechen , Chan Aaron , Zhu Yuan , Jenkins Kaila , Yu Fanghang , Shi Mengzhu , Ying Jianjun , Xiang Ziji , Chen Xianhui , Wang Ziqiang , Singleton John , Li Lu
Published: November 2023

In the recently discovered kagome metal CsV3Sb5, an intriguing proposal invoking a doped Chern insulator state suggests the presence of small Chern Fermi pockets hosting spontaneous orbital-currents and large orbital magnetic moments. While the net thermodynamic magnetization is nearly insensitive to these moments, due to their antiferromagnetic alignment, their presence can be revealed by the Zeeman effect, which shifts electron energies in magnetic fields with a proportionality given by the effective g−factor. Here, we determine the g-factor using the spin-zero effect in magnetic quantum oscillations. A large g-factor enhancement is visible only in magnetic breakdown orbits between conventional and concentrated Berry curvature Fermi pockets that host large orbital moments. Such Berry-curvature-generated large orbital moments are almost always concealed by other effects. In this system, however, magnetic breakdown orbits due to the proximity to a conventional Fermi-surface section allow them to be visibly manifested in magnetic quantum oscillations. Our results provide a remarkable example of the interplay between electronic correlations and more conventional electronic bands in quantum materials.
Surface termination and strain-induced modulation of the structure and electronic properties in 2D perovskites (Cs2BCl4 & CsB2Cl5, B = Pb, Sn): a first-principles study
Authors: Yadav Kiran , Ray Nirat
Published: November 2023

Surface terminations in two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites show strong coupling with strain, resulting in up to 80% enhancement in electronic parameters such as the hole mobility.
2′-Fucosyllactose alleviates OVA-induced food allergy in mice by ameliorating intestinal microecology and regulating the imbalance of Th2/Th1 proportion
Authors: Kou Ruixin , Wang Jin , Li Ang , Wang Yuanyifei , Fan Dancai , Zhang Bowei , Fu Wenhui , Liu Jingmin , Fu Hanyue , Wang Shuo
Published: November 2023

Food allergy (FA) has become a prominent problem in public health.
The emerging role of medical foods and therapeutic potential of medical food-derived exosomes
Authors: Hur Jin-Young , Lee SeonHyung , Shin Woo-Ri , Kim Yang-Hoon , Ahn Ji-Young
Published: November 2023

Medical food is consumed for the purpose of improving specific nutritional requirements or disease conditions, such as inflammation, diabetes, and cancer.
Metal-free synthesis of difluoro/trifluoromethyl carbinol-containing chromones via tandem cyclization of o-hydroxyaryl enaminones
Authors: Wu Long-Hui , Liu Xia , Liu Zhao-Wen , Chen Zhi-Xi , Fu Xin-Lei , Yang Kai
Published: November 2023

A convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of difluoro/trifluoromethyl carbinol-containing chromone derivatives has been developed.
Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O
Authors: Fan Longlong , Geng Qinghong , Ma Lian , Wang Chengming , Li Jun-Xuan , Zhu Wei , Shao Ruiwen , Li Wei , Feng Xiao , Yamauchi Yusuke , Li Cuiling , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2023

Three-dimensional ordered porous Cu2O cuboctahedra were designed and synthesized for an enhanced C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect.
Capturing volatile organic compounds using Ag and Au nanoparticles: regium–π and C–H⋯Ag/Au interactions at work
Authors: Piña Maria de las Nieves , Morey Jeroni , Frontera Antonio , Bauzá Antonio
Published: November 2023

In this study Ag and Au nanoparticles (NPs) were used to capture aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs, such as benzene derivatives) through the establishment of CH⋯Ag/Au interactions and regium–π bonds.
Structural coloration of textiles with PMMA photonic crystals
Authors: Wang Yanan , Li Xinyang , Zhang Yalan , Wang Xiaohui , Li Yichen , Liu Yijia , Wang Dong , Liu Guojin , Huang Yi , Shao Jianzhong
Published: November 2023

Rapid preparation of structurally colored fabric with PMMA photonic crystals.
Large piezoelectricity and high depolarization temperature in BiScO3–BiYbO3–PbTiO3 ceramics for energy harvesting at elevated temperatures
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Yu Xiaole , Guo Qiangqiang , Yang Huijing , Li Fanlin , Zhang Suyang , Wu Xiaoyuan
Published: November 2023

Large high-temperature d33 and high Td are simultaneously realized in new BS–BY–PT ceramics for piezoelectric energy harvesting.
Economic optimization scheduling of multi‐microgrid based on improved genetic algorithm
Authors: He Yuling , Han Zhicheng , Sun Kai , Wu Xuewei , Du Xiaodong , Wang Haipeng , Lu Hongchang
Published: November 2023

In order to solve the collaborative optimization scheduling of multi‐microgrid under the high penetration rate of new energy, this paper considered the energy interaction between micro‐grids in multi‐microgrid and the relationship between new energy consumption and electricity cost, constructed a collaborative scheduling model considering both micro‐grid load and main grid wind and optical energy storage, proposed objective function based on economic cost, and improved Genetic Algorithm (GA). The elite thought and catastrophe thought are used to optimize the selection operation, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the mutation operation. Furthermore, three scenarios were selected to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and the improved GA. The results show that the proposed model can ensure the stable operation of the multi‐microgrid system with a high proportion of new energy access and reduce the operation cost. In addition. the improved algorithm solves the problems of easy to fall into local optimum and slow iteration speed, and has better performance in solving the model.
Foggy image restoration using deep sub‐pixel reconstruction network
Authors: Li Linge , Liu Xiaoqin , Shi Feiyu , Cai Yihua , Zhang Ying , Fang Ping , Mu Chao , Weng Ningquan
Published: November 2023

Light undergoes attenuation due to scattering and refraction when propagating through aerosols. In foggy conditions, Aerosol particles in the troposphere exhibit high mobility introducing intricate non‐linear noise into images. Foggy image restoration represents an ill‐posed problem, where traditional physical models and image enhancement techniques often prove inadequate in delivering effective solutions. This paper introduces a novel deep sub‐pixel reconstruction algorithm for foggy image restoration, pioneering the application of sub‐pixel reconstruction modules to this domain. This model employs convolutional layers to extract low‐level features and dense‐connected layers for high‐level feature extraction. Furthermore, a specialized sub‐pixel reconstruction module tailored for the task of foggy image restoration is designed, with the purpose of reconstructing dehazed images from latent vectors. During training, a generative adversarial training framework is adopted, incorporating a purpose‐designed discriminator. Additionally, a fusion loss is implemented to facilitate model refinement. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation experiments conducted on synthetic and real‐world image datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in preserving finer details. The Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) is observed to improve by 2.5%, attesting to enhanced perceptual quality for grayscale foggy images.
Frequency control by BESS for smooth Island transition of a hydro‐powered microgrid
Authors: Sunjaq Ahmed , Chen Peiyuan , Bongiorno Massimo , Majumder Ritwik , Svensson Jan R.
Published: November 2023

This paper develops a frequency control strategy for a battery energy storage system to facilitate the smooth island transition of a hydro‐powered microgrid during unplanned grid outages. The proposed frequency control strategy uses a PI‐based droop controller, where the tuning of the controller accounts for the limitations in the power response of a hydro generator and the required frequency quality of the microgrid. The effectiveness of the frequency control strategy is verified in Simulink using phasor simulations, and it is further validated in laboratory tests. The results demonstrate that the proposed PI‐based droop and its tuning strategy fulfill the desired frequency quality requirement of the hydro‐powered microgrid without over‐dimensioning the size of the storage capacity as compared to the traditional proportional droop controller.
Seminars in Plastic Surgery: Pediatric Ear Anomalies and Reconstruction
Authors: Burns Heather R. , Dinis Jacob , Ding Yang , Buchanan Edward P.
Published: November 2023

Congenital ear anomalies affect 15 to 20% of neonates and can be categorized as either auricular deformations or malformations. Deformations involve a fully developed, albeit abnormally shaped, chondrocutaneous framework, which makes them amenable to correction with ear molding within the first few months of life. Malformations involve hypoplastic or fully absent auricular structures that require augmentation with alloplastic and/or autogenous reconstruction. The goal of this article is to outline the various auricular deformities and malformations, followed by a description of the latest clinical management options, both nonsurgical and surgical, by auricular anomaly.
Classification and Grading of Central Nervous System Tumors According to the World Health Organization 5th Edition
Authors: Yoda Rebecca A. , Cimino Patrick J.
Published: November 2023

The World Health Organization (WHO) released the 5th edition of its classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in 2021. Advances in the landscape of molecular tumor pathophysiology prompted major revisions to the previous edition released in 2016, some of which were first introduced by the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy—Not Official WHO (cIMPACT-NOW). The 2021 classification system integrates newly gained molecular insights to guide changes in tumor taxonomy and nomenclature, introduces several new types of tumors, and expands the use of molecular testing for diagnosis and grading, with a particular impact on adult-type and pediatric-type gliomas, ependymomas, and embryonal tumors. These updates aim to promote clear and accurate diagnoses, yield more reliable prognostic information, and enable the selection of optimal therapies. Familiarity with these changes will be of great importance for clinicians involved in the management of CNS tumor patients.
A Comparison of Resident Procedure Logs to Data Generated from an Electronic Health Record
Authors: Smith Moira E. , Layng Timothy A.
Published: November 2023

Background Emergency medicine (EM) residents are required to report procedural competency, often in a database separate from the electronic health record (EHR), in a redundant and time-consuming manner. We hypothesize that, if documented in an appropriate manner, procedural reports generated from an EHR reliably exceed those required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) as well as those self-reported by EM residents.

Objectives (1) To compare the number of medical resuscitations recorded in the EHR to the number documented by residents in a separate database. (2) To compare the number of medical resuscitations recorded in the EHR to the ACGME requirement for graduation.

Methods Self-reported numbers of adult medical resuscitation by each resident of the previous three graduating classes of one EM program were compared with those generated from the EHR (Epic Systems, Verona, Wisconsin). There is no discrete documentation of medical resuscitations in the EHR. The ACGME describes a resuscitation as “…patient care for which prolonged physician attention is needed,” and thus, a surrogate was determined to be any patient for which the attending physician documented critical care time.

Results Data generated from the EHR reliably exceeded reported (mean [M] = 165.78, standard deviation [SD] = 45.97) and required (M = 188.09, SD = 30.93) numbers for adult medical resuscitations for 100% of the residents of the past three graduating classes (n = 32).

Conclusion In an accredited EM residency program that utilizes a modern EHR with a validated reporting functionality, residents should not need to redundantly log the number of adult medical resuscitations performed. Each resident in this study performed significantly more adult medical resuscitations than they logged and more than required by the ACGME, and thus, the time spent documenting these in a separate database was superfluous. Furthermore, this process increases resident awareness of proper documentation and data stewardship, two skills certain to prevail throughout their careers as modern EM physicians.
Exposure hazards from continuing use and removal of asbestos cement products
Authors: Gottesfeld Perry
Published: November 2023

Asbestos cement (AC) is used in water pipes, roofing, exterior siding, water tanks, cooling towers, and other applications. Although the global market for asbestos is slowly shrinking, AC products continue to dominate the remaining uses in many countries. This review focuses on asbestos exposures during the installation, maintenance, and ultimate removal of these materials. This assessment summarizes the available published and unpublished reports of airborne asbestos exposures during the cutting and removal of AC pipes, roofing, sheets, and cooling tower components and the range of exposures associated with the most common work practices. Task-based exposures from cutting AC pipe ranged from 11.3 to 129.0 f/cm3 with a mean exposure of 53.8 f/cm3. Cutting flat boards and corrugated roofing AC sheets resulted in exposures ranging from 1.3 to 130.0 f/cm3 with a mean of 24.0 f/cm3. Exposures for power saw cutting of AC sheets and pipes fit lognormal distributions and suggest that more than 86% of these tasks with AC sheet and 100% of the tasks with AC pipe exceed the US short-term Excursion Limit. Intermittent high exposures from the ongoing use of AC products in countries around the world are associated with an increased lifetime risk of asbestos-related disease.