bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ground-state magnetic moments of odd-mass Hf isotopes
Authors: Yakut Hakan , Tabar Emre , Kuliev A. , Guliyev Ekber
Published: August 2014

In this paper the Quasiparticle-Phonon Nuclear Model (QPNM), based on QRPA (Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation) phonons, has been utilized to investigate spin polarization effects on the groundstate magnetic properties such as intrinsic magnetic moment (g
K) and effective spin gyromagnetic factor (g
seff.) of odd-mass deformed 165–179Hf isotopes with K > 1/2. Investigations of the spin polarization effects of the even core on the magnetic moments show that the spin gyromagnetic factors (g
s) of the nucleons in the nucleus differ noticeably from the corresponding values for free nucleons and that the spin-spin interactions play an important role in the re-normalization of g
s factors of the odd-mass 165–179Hf isotopes. In addition, some theoretical predictions are presented for the magnetic moments of 165Hf, 167Hf, and 169Hf, whose ground state magnetic moments haven’t been experimentally determined yet.
Dirac equation with multiparameter-potential and Hulthén tensor interaction under relativistic symmetries
Authors: Ortakaya Sami
Published: August 2014

The pseudospin and spin symmetric solutions of the Dirac equation with Hulthén-type tensor interaction are obtained under multi-parameter-exponential potential (MEP) for arbitrary κ states. The energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions are also obtained using the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. Some numerical results are also obtained for pseudospin and spin symmetry limits.
Gender Discrimination, Education and Economic Growth in a Generalized Uzawa-Lucas Two-Sector Model
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin
Published: August 2014

This paper is mainly concerned with relationships between economic growth and gender discrimination in labor markets and education. Although discrimination in different fields has well been addresses and modelled in the economic literature, there are only a few growth models with endogenous wealth and human capital accumulation, gender time distribution between work, leisure and education under gender (positive or negative) discrimination. The production and economic structures, human capital accumulation are based on the Uzawa-Lucas model, while the utility function and gender division of labor, leisure time and study time are based on the model by Zhang. The model takes account of learning by education in modeling human capital accumulation. We simulate the model to demonstrate the existence of equilibrium points and motion of the national economy. We also conduct a comparative dynamic analysis in regard to changes in discrimination in the education sector, women’s propensity to stay at home, women’s propensity to receive education, women’s knowledge utilization efficiency, and the propensity to save.
Central Bank Independence, Transparency and Accountability Indexes: a Survey
Authors: Dumiter Florin Cornel
Published: August 2014

Recently, the remarkable trend upon central bank independence and the efficient monetary policy were seriously highlighted in the monetary economics field. Starting from 1990s’ central bank independence was at the core of policy making and central banking problems, because of the widespread economical, political, personal and budgetary autonomy of the central bank. Nowadays, we can observe an increasing trend upon central bank transparency, for evaluating more accurate the central bank’s performances by the wide public, mass-media and financial markets. Consequently, a central bank must encompass a high degree of accountability and responsibility, because of the final liability in case of failure. In this paper we present, analyze and assess the construction of the most important indices regarding central bank independence, transparency and accountability in a chronological manner, presenting also the advantages and disadvantages of these indices related to actual practices of central banks. Moreover, we analyze the analytical results of the empirical testing of these indices with a considerable impact upon the developed and developing country group. In regard with the empirical results of different authors, we suggest the importance and the necessity for constructing an aggregate index for measuring central bank independence, transparency and accountability, based on de jure stipulations and the actual practices of the central banks.
Avian Communities of a Mixed Mopane-Acacia Savanna in the Cuvelai Drainage System, North-Central Namibia, During the Dry and Wet Season
Authors: Kopij G.
Published: August 2014

Studies were conducted by means of the Line Transect Method in late rainy season (March), in the middle of dry season (July) and at beginning of rainy season (November).Th e total length of all transects was c. 11 km. In total, 70 resident and 13 nonresidentspecies were recorded. Th e number of species in dry season was significantly lower than in rainy season (x2-test: 14.1; p < 0.01). Th e highly significant seasonal differences in abundance were recorded for the following species: Streptopelia senegalensis, Streptopelia capicola, Uraeginthus angolensis, Cisticola juncidis, Upupa africana, Cynniris mariquensis, and Numida meleagris. In overall, five species have been classified as dominants: Streptopelia senegalensis, Streptopelia capicola, Uraeginthus angolensis, Plocepasser mahali and Cypsiurus parvus. They comprised together 43.9 %. Significant variations in the dominance structure between the wet and dry season have been evidenced. Granivores were much more numerous in the dry than in the wet season, while for the insectivores the reverse was true. Although Sorensen Coefficient was much the same between all three seasons, the Shannon’s Diversity Index was lower in July than in March and November.
Song Repertoire and Comparative Analysis of Song Structure of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Fringillidae), from the Northeast of Balkan Region
Authors: Tsvelykh A. N. , Yablonovska-Grishchenko E. D.
Published: August 2014

The repertoire of chaffinches from the northeast of Balkan region consists of 39 song types, 9 of them are most widespread. Comparative analysis of the chaffinch song types from the Balkans and from Caucasus, East Carpathians, Crimean Mountains, plain regions of Ukraine was done. It revealed no Balkan song types in other regions. Chaffinch songs from Balkan are similar by structure to songs from the Caucasus and East Carpathians and quite different from songs from the Crimea and Ukrainian plains. In songs of Balkan chaffinches we discovered 106 elements. Five of them are specific for local birds, 101 were found in birds from other populations. However, 37 elements are common with ones in East Carpathian populations but they were absent in chaffinch songs recorded in the Crimea and plain regions of Ukraine. Common elements in bird songs from the East Carpathians and the Balkans may be an evidence of distant relations between these territorial song complexes and/or presence of relic elements in south mountain complexes. Th e rain-calls of Balkan chaffinches radically diff er from those of birds of Crimea, plain regions of Ukraine and East Carpathians and quite identical to calls of the Caucasus birds
Epipharyngeal Morphology in Hyperini Larvae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Hyperinae)
Authors: Nazarenko V. Yu.
Published: August 2014

Investigation of the main epipharyngeal structures in representatives of Hyperini weevils larvae has shown that in general case 6 als, 2 (4) ams, 4 mes and 2 snp present: Coniatus (Bagoides) splendidulus (Fabricius, 1781) - 6 als, 2 ams, ?1 mes, 2 x 3 snp, Donus bucovinensis (Penecke, 1928) - 6 als, 2 ams, 4 mes, 2 x 5 snp, D. geminus (Zaslavskij, 1967) - 6 als, 2 ams, 4 mes, 2 x 5 snp, Hypera (Eririnomorphus) rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758) - 6 als, ?4 ams, 4 mes, 2 x 2 snp, H. (Hypera) miles (Paykull, 1792) - 6 als, ?4 ams, 4 mes, 2 x (4-5) snp, H. (H.) transsylvanica (Petri, 1901) - 6 als, 2 ams, 4 mes, 2 x (3-5) snp, Limobius borealis (Paykull, 1792) - 6 als, 2 ams, 4 mes, 2 x 4 snp. By morphological peculiarities of epipharyngeal surface the studied larvae can be divided into next 4 groups: 1) epipharynx with wide flat areas, short setae and shallow emargination (C. splendidulus); 2) with wide flat areas, medium-sized setae, strait and sharp excision on anterior margin (D. bucovinensis, D. geminus); 3) with short flat areas, medium to long setae and wide apical emargination (H. miles, H. rumicis, H. transsylvanica); 4) with uneven surface, large long setae and short emargination (L. borealis). It is supposed that morphological peculiarities of ephiphaynx in Hyperini relate to type of feeding.
Egg Morphology of some Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Dolinskaya I. V.
Published: August 2014

The eggs of 10 species Noctuidae from 6 subfamilies (Acronictinae, Metoponiinae, Cuculliinae, Heliothinae, Condicinae and Bryophilinae) occurring in Ukraine are examined, described, and illustrated with SEM. Th e diagnostic characters of examined species are carried out
Sagittal Plane Trunk Posture Influences Patellofemoral Joint Stress During Running
Authors: Teng Hsiang-Ling , Powers Christopher M.
Published: August 2014

Study Design

Cross-sectional, repeated-measures.

Objectives

To examine the association between sagittal plane trunk posture and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stress, and to determine whether modifying sagittal plane trunk posture influences PFJ stress during running.

Background

Patellofemoral pain is the most common injury among runners and is thought to be the result of elevated PFJ stress. While sagittal plane trunk posture has been shown to influence tibiofemoral joint mechanics, no study has examined the influence of trunk posture on PFJ kinetics.

Methods

Twenty-four asymptomatic recreational runners (12 women, 12 men) ran overground at a speed of 3.4 m/s under 3 trunk-posture conditions: self-selected, flexed, and extended. Trunk and knee kinematics, ground reaction forces, and electromyographic signals from selected lower extremity muscles were obtained. A previously described PFJ biomechanical model was used to quantify PFJ stress.

Results

The mean ± SD trunk flexion angles under the self-selected, flexed, and extended running conditions were 7.3° ± 3.6°, 14.1° ± 4.8°, and 4.0° ± 3.9°, respectively. A significant inverse relationship was observed between mean trunk flexion angle and peak PFJ stress during the self-selected condition (r = −0.60, P = .002). Peak PFJ stress was significantly lower in the flexed condition (mean ± SD, 20.2 ± 3.4 MPa; P<.001) and significantly higher in the extended condition (23.1 ± 3.4 MPa; P<.001) compared to the self-selected condition (21.5 ± 3.2 MPa).

Conclusion

Sagittal plane trunk posture has a significant influence on PFJ kinetics during running. Incorporation of a forward trunk lean may be an effective strategy to reduce PFJ stress during running. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):785–792. Epub 25 August 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5249
What Do Recreational Runners Think About Risk Factors for Running Injuries? A Descriptive Study of Their Beliefs and Opinions
Authors: Saragiotto Bruno Tirotti , Yamato Tiê Parma , Lopes Alexandre Dias
Published: August 2014

Study Design

Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews.

Objectives

To describe the beliefs and opinions of runners about risk factors associated with running injuries.

Background

Despite the health benefits of running, a high prevalence of injury has been reported in runners. Preventive strategies for running injuries may be more successful with a better knowledge of runners' beliefs.

Methods

A semi-structured interview of recreational runners was based on the question, “What do you think can cause injuries in runners?” Analysis of the interviews was performed in 3 steps: (1) organizing the data into thematic units, (2) reading and reorganizing the data according to frequency of citation, and (3) interpreting and summarizing the data. The runner interviews were continued until no new beliefs and opinions of runners regarding injuries were being added to the data, indicating saturation of the topic.

Results

A total of 95 recreational runners (65 men, 30 women) between the ages of 19 and 71 years were interviewed. Of those interviewed, the average running experience was 5.5 years and approximately 45% had experienced a running-related injury in the past. The factors suggested by the runners were divided into extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The most cited extrinsic factors were “not stretching,” “excess of training,” “not warming up,” “lack of strength,” and “wearing the wrong shoes.” For the intrinsic factors, the main terms cited were “not respecting the body's limitations” and “foot-type changes.”

Conclusion

Recreational runners mainly attributed injury to factors related to training, running shoes, and exceeding the body's limits. Knowing the factors identified in this study may contribute to the development of better educational strategies to prevent running injuries, as some of the runners' beliefs are not supported by the research literature. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):733–738. Epub 25 August 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5710
Effects of bedrock lithology and subglacial till on the motion of Ruth Glacier, Alaska, deduced from five pulses from 1973 to 2012
Authors: Turrin James B. , Forster Richard R. , Sauber Jeanne M. , Hall Dorothy K. , Bruhn Ronald L.
Published: August 2014

A pulse is a type of unstable glacier flow intermediate between normal flow and surging. Using Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+ imagery and feature-tracking software, a time series of mostly annual velocity maps from 1973 to 2012 was produced that reveals five pulses of Ruth Glacier, Alaska. Peaks in ice velocity were found in 1981, 1989, 1997, 2003 and 2010, approximately every 7 years. During these peak years the ice velocity increased 300%, from approximately 40 m a–1 to 160 m a–1. Based on the spatio-temporal behavior of Ruth Glacier during the pulse cycles, we suggest the pulses are due to enhanced basal motion via deformation of a subglacial till. The cyclical nature of the pulses is interpreted to be due to a thin till, with low permeability, that causes incomplete drainage of the till between the pulses, followed by eventual recharge and dilation of the till. These findings suggest care is needed when attempting to correlate changes in regional climate with decadal-scale changes in velocity, because in some instances basal conditions may have a greater influence on ice dynamics than climate.
Identification of maintainer and restorer lines in local aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Ali M , Hossain MA , Hasan MJ , Kabir ME
Published: August 2014

The availability of stable cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoring system is vital for commercial exploitation of heterosis in rice. The experiment was conducted to identify stable maintainers and restorers for three CMS lines having wild abortive type sterility inducing genes in local rice germplasm. One hundred and twenty nine test crosses were made by using 43 aromatic rice genotypes and three CMS lines. Pollen sterility and spikelet fertility of the raised F1s were assessed in consecutive 2006-2007 Boro and 2007 T. Aman seasons. Pollen sterility was categorized as 100% sterility for complete sterile (CS), 91- 99% as sterile (S), 71-90% as partial sterile (PS), 31-70% as partial fertile (PF), 21-30% as fertile (F), and 0-20% sterility as full fertile (FF). Pollen sterility of F1s in Boro 2006-07 season ranged from 18.83 to 100%, while in T. Aman 2007 season, it ranged from 15.28 to 100%. Whereas spikelet fertility in Boro 2006- 07 season ranged from 0.86 to 69.71% and in T. Aman 2007 season, it ranged from 1.97 to 82.91% with CMS line IR58025A. Out of 43 F1s with IR58025A, two were found complete sterile (IR58025A/Kaliijira-9 and IR58025A/ Sorukamini-2) and three as full fertile (IR58025A/Agali, IR58025A/Benaful, and IR58025A/Khasa). With CMS line IR62829A, pollen sterility ranged from 2.77 to 100% in Boro 2006-07 season and 0.96 to 100% in T. Aman 2007 season. Spikelet fertility status of the same combinations ranged from 0 to 75.41% in Boro 2006-07 season and 1.76 to 88.36% in T. Aman season 2007. Six crosses were identified as complete sterile and seven as full fertile for the said combination. In case of IR68885A four crosses were found as complete sterile, and a single cross as full fertile. The local aromatic line, Kalijira-9 and Sorukamini were identified as maintainer for IR68885A which was common with IR58025A. The local aromatic line Benaful was identified as restorer for IR58025A and IR62829A. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20056 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 1-12, March 2014
Inbred and hybrid seed production potentiality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) genotypes and their yield performance during summer
Authors: Yesmin L , Islam MS , Rahman MM , Uddin MN , Ahmad S
Published: August 2014

An investigation was made with a view to estimating inbred and hybrid seed production potentiality as well as fruit yield potentiality of 11 tomato genotypes and their hybrids during November 2009 to September 2010 at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. The highest number of fruits per plant was recorded from the genotype C41 (59.66). The highest fruit yield per plant (2.94 kg) was recorded from the genotype WP8 followed by that of C11 (2.93 kg). In respect of seed yield performance, the genotype C51 produced the highest number of seeds per fruit (47.66), while the line C41 produced the highest seed yield per plant (7.66 g). Per hectare seed yield varied from 263.0 kg (C41) to 53.79 kg (MP5). The highest per plant (6.33 g) and per hectare (139.26 kg) hybrid seeds were produced by the cross combination of C11 X C51 followed by that of WP8 × C11. The fruit weight and fruit yield of the hybrids were much higher compared to their superior parents during the summer season. Among the six tomato hybrids, WP7 X C51 had the highest fruit weight (67.60 g) and produced the highest fruit yield per plant (1.43 kg) followed by BARI Hybrid Tomato-4 (1.24 kg). The other two hybrids, WP8 X C51 (1.08 kg/plant) and C51 X WP10 (1.1 kg/plant) were also found promising. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20057 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 13-21, March 2014
Effects of foliar application of potassium orthophosphate on grain yield and kernel quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) under terminal heat stress
Authors: Rahman Ataur , Rahman MM , Hasan MM , Begum Farida , Sarker MAZ
Published: August 2014

A field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) farm, Gazipur to evaluate the effect of foliar application of potassium orthophosphate on grain yield and kernel quality of wheat under the terminal heat stress imposed by late sowing for two consecutive years (2008-09 and 2009-10). Five combinations of foliar applications of potassium orthophosphate and Tilt were tested on three wheat varieties, namely Kanchan, Shatabdi, and Prodip. The result indicated that foliar application of potassium orthophosphate was effective in increasing SPAD value (Measure of leaf chlorophyll content) and leaf area of all the wheat varieties, whereas Tilt application was effective only in Kanchan. The grain size of wheat in terms of 1000-grain weight was improved and thereby contributed to grain yield. Also the foliar application of potassium orthophosphate decreased the number of immature, smaller and deformed kernel, and thus improved the kernel quality. Two foliar sprays of 0.1% potassium orthophosphate solution at 70 DAS (Days after sowing) and 80 DAS performed better results than other applications. There were varietal differences in response to foliar treatments and the variety Prodip and Shatabdi were more responsive to potassium orthophosphate compared to Kanchan. Potassium orthophosphate could be suggested to improve grain yield and kernel quality of wheat under terminal heat stress condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20144 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 67-77, March 2014
Adoption of recommended potato (Solanum tuberosum) production technologies by the potato growers of some selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Khalil Md Ibrahim , Haque Md Enamul , Hoque Muhammad Ziaul
Published: August 2014

The main objective of this study was to determine the extent of adoption of improved potato production technologies by the potato growers. Data were collected from 231 potato growers of three highly concentrated potato growing Upazilas, namely Pirgachha (Rangpur), Munshiganj Sadar (Munshiganj), and Shibganj (Bogra) during October 2010 to February 2011. The potato growers showed marked individual differences in their socio-economic characteristics and majority of them belonged to middle age category having small family size, primary level of education, small farm size, medium innovativeness, and medium contact with extension personnel. The study revealed that highest proportion of the respondents in Munshiganj Sadar belonged to high adoption category in case of BARI recommended potato variety (72.6%), optimum planting time (87.7%), use of balanced fertilizers (45.2%), whereas medium adoption categories were found in quality potato seed (52.1%), proper seed size (47.9%), fertilizer application methods (71.2%), optimum irrigation (89%), earthing up (84.9%), plant protection (74%), and low adoption categories were found in maintaining proper spacing (42.5%). In Pirganj of Rangpur, highest proportion of the respondents belonged to high adoption category in case of BARI recommended potato variety (77%), optimum planting time (83.8%), whereas medium adoption categories were found in the use of quality potato seed (64.9%), balanced fertilizer (43.2%), proper seed size (52.7%), fertilizer application methods (87.8%), optimum irrigation (97.3%), earthing up (86.5%), plant protection (93.2%), and low adoption categories were found in maintaining proper spacing (64.9%). In Shibganj of Bogra, highest proportion of the respondents were found in high adoption category in case of BARI recommended potato variety (75%), optimum planting time (86.9%), whereas medium adoption categories were found in use of quality potato seed (52.4%), balanced fertilizers (47.6%), fertilizer application methods (78.6%), optimum irrigation (95.2%), earthing up (88.1%), plant protection (76.2%), and low adoption categories were found in maintaining proper spacing (59.5%) and proper seed size (57.1%). The study also revealed that highest (53.4%) proportion of the respondents in Munshiganj Sadar belonged to high potato yield (above 29 ton/ha) farmer category while medium potato yield (between 19 to 29 t/ha) category were found in other two areas i.e., Shibganj (58.80%) and Pirgachha (79.50%). Education, farm size, subsistence pressure, annual income, contact with the sources of information, farming experience, attitude, and knowledge on potato production showed significant positive relationship with adoption of improved potato production technologies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20145 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 79-92, March 2014
Performance of single and mixed rhizobial inoculants on nodulation, dry matter and seed yield of lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: Bhuiyan MAH , Khanam D , Rahman MT , Sheikh MHR , Bhuiyan MMH
Published: August 2014

Field experiments were carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Ishurdi, Pabna during the rabi season of 2005-06 and 2006-07 to find out the effectiveness of Rhizobium strains for achieving higher yield of lentil, the variety BARI Masur4. There were six treatments that were Rhizobium strains- BARI RLc-104, BARI RLc-105, BARI RLc-106, BARI RLc107, mixed culture of the four strains, and control (no Rhizobium). The experiment was designed in randomized complete block having 4 replications of each treatment.The rhizobial inocula were peat based and used @ 1.5 kg/ha. A basal dose of P @ 22 kg/ha, K @ 42 kg/ha, S @ 20 kg/ha, and @ 5 kg Zn/ha was used for all treatments. The highest nodule number (11.7/plant in 2006 and 10.3/plant in 2007) and dry nodule weight (10.53 mg/plant in 2006 and 9.58 mg/plant in 2007) were found with mixed culture. Mixed culture produced the highest seed yield in 2006 (1.36 t/ha, 37.4% higher over uninoculated control) and in 2007, BARI RLc-104 recorded the highest seed yield (1.23 t/ha, 60.3% higher over uninoculated control). However, all the strains including mixed culture had similar seed yields over the years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20147 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 105-112, March 2014
Adoption of mungbean technologies and technical efficiency of mungbean (Vigna radiata) farmers in selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque MA , Miah MA Monayem , Ali AM , Luna AN
Published: August 2014

Mungbean is one of the most important pulse crops in Bangladesh. The demand of mungbean is very high due to its good taste. To date, different national institutes released 14 improve mungbean varieties with complete package of technologies and disseminated them to the farmers. But, the farm level adoption of mungbean varieties, their economics, and farmers efficiencies are not well known to the researchers and policy planners. Therefore, the study assessed the farm level adoption of mungbean technologies, technical efficiency of mungbean growers, and find out constraints to its higher production. Data were collected from 283 randomly selected mungbean farmers from Jessore, Kushtia, and Barisal districts during March-April 2009. The highly adopted mungbean varieties were BARI Mung-3, 4 and 5. Technologies, such as ploughing, weeding, and seed rate occupied higher level of adoption. Sowing time and insect-pest control were medium level and irrigation was lower level adoption. In case of chemical fertilizer, urea secured higher level of adoption followed by TSP and MoP. The yield and net return of mungbean was 1196 kg and Tk. 15678 per hectare, respectively. The benefit cost ratio was 1.69 and 2.47 on full cost and cash cost basis, respectively. About 67% farmers achieved more than 90% technical efficiency level. Twenty eight percent farmers technical efficiency level, between 81-90% and the rest 5% farmers technical efficiency level was less than 80%. Diseases and pest infestation, lack of good quality seed, lack of knowledge about improved technologies were the major constraints to mungbean cultivation. Government should provide hand-on training and distribute quality seed to the farmers for increasing the area of mungbean cultivation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20149 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 113-125, March 2014
Effect of hydropriming method on maize (Zea mays) seedling emergence
Authors: Ahammad KU , Rahman MM , Ali MR
Published: August 2014

The research work was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of Agronomy Department of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from February to April in 2008 to find out the effect of hydropriming methods on maize seedling emergence. The hydropriming methods were- T1 (Non-priming), T2 (14 hours soaking + drying + storing), T3 (18 hours soaking + drying + storing), T4 (22 hours soaking + drying + storing), T5 (14 hours soaking + surface drying), T6 (18 hours soaking + surface drying), and T7 (22 hours soaking + surface drying). Effect of different hydropriming methods on seedling emergence performance of maize was evaluated at two moisture levels viz., 30% and 60% moisture of saturated sand in the experiment. Germination percentage, germination index and mean germination time were influenced significantly by hydropriming methods. The highest germination percentage, germination index, and lowest mean germination time were recorded with T6 (18 hours soaking + surface drying). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20164 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 143-150, March 2014
Effect of different irrigation and tillage methods on yield and resource use efficiency of boro rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Karim MR , Alam MM , Ladha JK , Islam MS , Islam MR
Published: August 2014

An experiment was carried out in Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) farm during 2010-11 to evaluate yield and resource use efficiency of transplanted boro rice under two tillage and three irrigation methods. Two tillage methods viz., conventional tillage with puddle transplanted rice and reduced tillage unpuddled transplanted rice and three irrigation methods viz., sprinkler irrigation, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and flood irrigation were used as treatment variables. Grain yield was 7.62% higher in sprinkler and 4.72% higher in AWD irrigation method over flood irrigation method. Irrespective of tillage methods, reduced tillage method holds 4.62% higher yield production over conventional tillage method. Water use efficiency was found highest in sprinkler irrigation method (0.83 kg/m3) and in reduced tillage method (0.773 kg/m3). Labour required for land preparation was 15 md/ha in reduced tillage, whereas it was 38 md/ha in conventional tillage method. Seedling uprooting and transplanting required higher labour in reduced tillage method over conventional tillage. Fuel consumptions (49.78 l/ha) and electricity (3475.11 Kwhr/ha) was also less in reduced tillage method. Reduced tillage had less land preparation and fuel cost over conventional tillage method. But seedling uprooting and transplanting cost was higher in reduced tillage. Irrigation and total cost of production was 7753 Tk./ha and 69972 Tk./ha in Sprinkler × RT method. Benefit cost ratio was also higher in sprinkler irrigation (1.81) and reduced tillage method (1.82). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20165 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 151-163, March 2014
Comparative economics of cashew nut kernel processing technology in Bastar region of India
Authors: Verma Praveen Kumar , Nag SK , Patil SK
Published: August 2014

The paper has studied the economic viability of improved technology (Introduced under NAIP component-3) for extraction of cashew kernel from cashew nut in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh, India. Cost concept has been used to calculate economics of cashew kernel. The technology (Boiling, steaming, cutting, drying, and peeling) has been found viable over conventional practices (Traditional manual separation by stone or hammer) on account of higher recovery of 40 percent and cost reduction by 29.71 percent. Overall net profit per unit (One unit includes one boiler, one steamer, two cutter, one dryer, six peelers and cost of land, depreciation and interest on working capital) in the case of improved technology has been estimated to be Rs 7.32 lakh. Cost of production in machine extraction practices was 202.80 Rupees per kilogram of cashew in spite of traditionally practiced 288.56 Rupees per kilogram. The cost benefit ratio was found higher in machine extraction (1.57) as compare to traditionally practiced (0.169). The mechanical decortications and separation could not only save time and money, also reduced women drudgery (due to manual breaking by stone or hammer to separate kernel). The technology has been found suitable for promotion of entrepreneurship on the processing of cashew kernel from cashew nut in the production catchments which otherwise is not properly utilized. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20166 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 165-172, March 2014
Effect of farmers' practices for the management of insect pests of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Uddin MS , Rahman MM , Alam MZ , Hossain MM , Hoque ME
Published: August 2014

The research activity was conducted in major intensive yard long bean growing areas, such as Jessore, Dhaka, Narsingdi, Comilla, and Chittagong of Bangladesh to know farmers practices (FPs) for managing major insect pests of yard long bean during March 2009 to October 2009 in the farmers fields. The study comprised survey of sample farmers through intensive field visit for field data collection and inspection. A total of 5 farmers practices (FPs) were identified viz., Farmers Practice 1 (FP1) comprised chemicals plus mechanical plus cultural plus field sanitation, FP2 comprised chemicals plus cultural plus field sanitation, FP3 consisted of combination of chemicals plus field sanitation, FP4 having combination of mechanical plus cultural plus field sanitation and FP5 utilized combination of cultural plus field sanitation. Among the sample farmers, 81.33% practiced chemicals plus non-chemical methods, while 18.67% practiced only non-chemical methods. Considering infestation level, pod yield, BCR, and arthropod pests diversity, the performance of FP1 (chemical + mechanical + cultural + field sanitation methods) was adjudged as the best for managing pod borer and aphid and was revealed as the most suitable option (94.10% infestation reduction) for managing major insect pests of yard long bean in those areas of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20167 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 173-184, March 2014
Regeneration of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) from Leaf Segments and Root Tips
Authors: Al Munsur MAZ , Haque MS , Nasiruddin KM , Hasan MJ
Published: August 2014

Experiments were carried out to study the callus induction and subsequent plantlet regeneration ability of leaf segments and root tips of bitter gourd. A combination of 1.0 mg L-1 2,4-D and 1.0 mg L-1 BAP produced the highest percentage of callus in leaf segments (78.75%) and 1.0 mg L-1 2,4-D combined with 0.5 mg L-1 BAP produced the highest callus frequency in root tips (72.5%). Using the combination of BAP at 2.0 mg L-1 and NAA at 0.3 mg L-1 improved the callus induction frequency (80.00%) in root tips. Root tips showed better response than leaf segments in callus induction. Leaf segments and root tips had equal percentage (65.0) of shoot regeneration upon culture of the calli on medium with 2.0 or 2.5 mg L-1 BAP with 0.2 mg L-1 IAA. The highest length (3.95 cm) of shoot from leaf segments was recorded with 2.5 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 IBA and 0.2 mg L-1 GA3. The highest number of roots (6.75) and root length (2.45 cm) were found in 3.0 mg L-1 BAP with 0.1 mg L-1 NAA in root tips. The callus formation and regeneration ability of the explants have the potential for use in future biochemical studies and genetic improvement of bitter gourd.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.17457 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 1 - 9, 2007
Influences of Traditional Mulches on Flower Production and Petal Coloration of Dianthus (Dianthus Chinensis Lin.)
Authors: Kabir MH , Solaiman AHM , Das N , Uddin AFMJ
Published: August 2014

An experiment was conducted to understand the effect of traditional mulches on plant growth, flower induction, petal coloration and yield of Dianthus chinensis at Horticultural Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. Four mulch treatments C, control; SM, straw mulch; WHM, water hyacinth mulch; BPM, black plastic mulch were examined under this study. Black plastic mulch showed better performance than other treatments. Highest plant and flower growth, early flowering and maximum number of flowers were observed from black plastic mulch treatment followed by water hyacinth mulch and straw mulch respectively whereas the lowest was observed from control. Deep colored flower was produced from black plastic mulch treated plants and light colored flower from control.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.17462 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 35 - 40, 2007
In vitro Androgenesis of Some Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties and their F1, F2 Progenies and Combining Ability of Embryoid Production
Authors: Hasan M , Pauk J , Kertesz Z
Published: August 2014

Six parental lines along with their F1 and F2 progenies were investigated for general combining ability (GCA) effects on embryo-like-structure (ELS) production in anther culture. Significant differences were found among the parents in respect to the ELS production. Evaluating the combining ability effects, among the female parents Alfold showed the best result in ELS production, while Palma was the best among the male lines. While comparing F1 and F2 generations, in most of the cases (except one) F2 generation was superior in ELS production. Polygenic effect plays a key role in such type of superiority in the F2 generation. The reason for such superiority may be due to the recombination of superior genes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18091 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 57 - 60, 2007
Productive and Reproductive Efficiency of Red Chittagong Cattle Under Farm Condition
Authors: Mostari MP , Huque KS , Hasanat MS , Gulshan Z
Published: August 2014

The productive and reproductive efficiency of Red Chittagong cattle (RCC) reared at the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) farm was evaluated. A total of 46 RCC of different categories were considered under this study. Parameters studied were birth weight, weight at 3, 6 months of age and adult body weight, growth rate, daily milk yield, lactation length, lactation yield, age at puberty, weight at puberty, age at first calving, post partum estrus period, service per conception, calving interval and gestation length of RCC were collected and recorded. The birth weight differed significantly (p<0.01) between male and female and the average birth weight of RCC calves at farm level was 14.87 kg. The growth rates and adult body weight also differed significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) between male and female except in growth rate from 3 to 6 months of age. The average daily milk yield, milk yield per lactation and lactation length of RCC were 2.24 kg, 526.81 kg and 238 days, respectively. The age at puberty, service per conception, post partum estrus period and calving interval of RCC heifers and cows were 15 months, 1.15, 40 days and 11 months, respectively. It can be concluded that the RCC is a genetically and economically superior variety of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18166 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 109 - 114, 2007
Influence of Different Sizes of Brooding Box Made of Clay and Bamboo Basket on the Hatchability of Chicken Eggs Through Broody Hen
Authors: Islam MS , Sarkar MM , Uddin MJ , Howlider AR
Published: August 2014

An experiment was conducted to hatch chicken eggs in two different types of brooding boxes made of clay and bamboo basket by using broody hen. Three different size boxes were used under each type which were large(48 × 33 × 18 cm), medium (43 × 28 × 18 cm) and small (38 × 23 × 18 cm) (i.e. diameter of upper portion × diameter of lower portion × height of brooding boxes). The objective was to identify the optimum size of the brooding box used for natural hatching and to identify the appropriate material for brooding box used for incubation of eggs under rural condition. The fertility was not significantly affected by the type and size of boxes. Hatchability, Chicks not pipped and dead in germ were not significantly affected by types of boxes made of clay and bamboo basket but significantly affected by the size of boxes (p<0.05). The dead in shell was significantly affected by types and sizes of brooding box made of clay and bamboo basket (p<0.05). The percentage of dead in shell increased with the decreasing size of brooding box. Finally, it was concluded that hatchability of Deshi chicken eggs incubated by broody hen can be affected by both materials and size of brooding box. The study has shown that hatchability increased with increased size of the box up to a certain level. On the other hand, clay box gives more hatchability than bamboo basket.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18168 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 123 - 133, 2007
Clinical and Pathological Investigation of Nandus nandus Collected from Fish Markets of Mymensingh
Authors: Marma K , Ahmed GU , Faruk MAR , Gosh K
Published: August 2014

An experiment was carried out in order to investigate the health status of Nandus nandus based on clinical and histopathological observation collected from three fish markets of Mymensingh district. The study was conducted for a period of six months from October 2005 to March 2006. Clinically, it was evident that fishes were more affected having scale loss and deep dermal ulceration in the months of December and January, which were observed in Sankipara Railway Crossing and Gollpukurpar markets. But fish appeared almost normal during October to November and February to March collected from the three fish markets. Histopathologically, marked necrosis, pyknosis, haemorrhage, vacuoles and fungal granuloma were observed in skin, muscle and kidney. Gills had monogenetic trematode, hypertrophy and melanomacrophages in December and January. Liver of examined fishes had less pathological signs compared to other organs. However, Nandus nandus was found more affected in Gollpukurpar and Sankipara Railway Crossing markets compared to K-R market. From overall observation, it could be concluded that fishes were severely affected by EUS and dactylogyrosis during the months of December and January.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18193 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 167 - 174, 2007
Improved Methods for the Preparation of Fish Ball from the Unwashed Mixed Minces of Low-Cost Marine Fish
Authors: Hoque MS , Nowsad AAKM , Hossain MI , Shikha FH
Published: August 2014

Fish ball was prepared from the unwashed mince blend of 5 low-cost marine fishes (LMF) viz., red jewfish (Johnius argentatus), sea cat fish (Tachysurus thalassinus), jeweled shad (Ilisha filigera) horse mackeral (Megalaspis cordyla) and skipjack tuna (Sarda orientalis) of the Bay of Bengal. Six different blends composition from 5 individual minces of Low-cost Marine Fish (LMF) were prepared by blending 15 to 30% of the individuals minces. Fish ball was prepared from such mince blends by improving the textural strength of the products through different cooking process, ingredients and spices. Textural quality was determined in terms of softness/firmness (S/F) and chewiness/ rubburiness (C/R). Gel forming ability of the individual minces varied in great extent due to their compositional differences. Among the six blends tested, blend C with higher proportion of mince had come from red jewfish, sea cat fish and horse mackerel showed highest gel strength. In mince blend C, composition of red jewfish, sea cat fish, horse mackerel, jeweled shad and skipjack tuna were 30, 20, 20, 15 and 15%, respectively. Unwashed and washed individual minces and the mince blend C were incubated at different temperature regime from 35° to 55° and then cooked at 90° or 100°C. Among the different heating regimes, unwashed mince blend C showed the highest gel strength at 50°C for 1 hr incubation temperature. Further cooking of the incubated gel at 100°C optimally increased the gelling ability. The quality attributes of fish ball prepared under different cooking process (two-step heating, boiling, broiling and autoclaving) were analyzed. In two-step cooking, fish ball heated at 50°C for 30 minutes and further cooked at 100°C for 30 minute obtained a very good textured and nice mouth-felt fish ball. Texture and flavor of ball was affected by washing of mince but sensory qualities were unaffected.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18203 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 189 - 197, 2007
Bio-Monitoring Study on Tropospheric Ozone Using White Clover at Bangladesh Agricultural University Farming Area
Authors: Islam MT , Ashraf MA , Sattar MA
Published: August 2014

A pot experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Dept. of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to asses the visual ozone injury in white clover crops (Trifolium repens cv. Regal) started from May 13, 2007. Two genotypes of white clover were used of which one was ozone susceptible (NC-S) and the other was ozone resistant (NC-R). Each genotype was replicated into 20. The data on total plant dry matter harvested thrice at 28 days interval resulted in increasing biomass gradually in later harvests. The Monthly mean ozone values collected from passive ozone sampler during April to August07 was recorded as 29, 35, 49, 28, and 61 ppb respectively, which seemed that ozone concentrations in the troposphere is increasing gradually in Bangladesh. The susceptible NC-S showed visual ozone injury symptom from very slightly (0-1%) to slight (1-5%) where as the resistant cultivar showed no visual injury symptom. The ozone susceptible cultivar generally produced comparatively less biomass than the resistant one at every harvest.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18243 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 215 - 222, 2007
Effect of Starch and Carboxymethtyl Cellulose on Physico-Chemical Properties of Tomato Juice
Authors: Mahomud MS , Islam S , Islam MN , Ashraf MA
Published: August 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and starch used as thickening agents on physicochemical properties of tomato juice. The pulp was extracted from ripe and sound tomatoes and subsequently used for preparation of tomato juice with the addition of different levels of starch and CMC including other ingredients. The CMC was used at the rate of 0.1-0.3% while starch was 0.3 -1% in the prepared juice. The moisture content of juice was increased adding of both the thickening agents. The ash content and acidity of tomato juice were decreased gradually with the increasing level of starch and CMC. The highest ash content and acidity were found in juice without added starch and CMC. The lowest ash and acid content was found in the juice incorporated with 1% and 0.3% starch and CMC respectively. Ascorbic acid was decreased with the increase of both thickening agents. The prepared juice was remained unchanged within two months. After two months, colour and flavour were changed and various bacterial load was increased.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18245 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 235 - 240, 2007
Problems and Prospects of Fish Fry Trade in Jessore District of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahaman MM , Sayeed MA , Paul A , Nahiduzzaman M
Published: August 2014

A study was conducted to investigate the existing system of fry trade and different problems and prospects associated with this enterprise in Jessore district. A total of 82 hatchery operators and nursery owners were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. In the study period 4211.5 kg hatchling were produced in 85 hatcheries in this area of which 80% were reared in the same area. Average price of per kg hatchling were Indian major carps- Tk.1200 to 1800, Chinese carp Tk. 1200 to 1600 and Thai sharpunti and pungus- Tk. 900 to 1200. A total 1621 lacs of 1-4" sized fry was produced during the study period. Among them Indian major carp 864.3 lacs (53.32%), Chinese carp 621.9 lacs (38.36%), Thai sharpunti and pangus 134.8 lacs (8.32%). The fry mortality was observed 24 % (± 1.92) due to improper management. The aratdar and middlemen were controlling the marketing system. As a consequence, fry traders and nursery operators have been facing several problems in this business. The main constrains were lack of capital (35%) followed by lack of technical knows-how (27%) faced by fry traders. The nursery operators faced the problems like lack of capital (31%), high lease value (25%), high price of production inputs (17%), terrorism (12%), intense market competition (9%) and the lack of policy support (6%). As Jessore contributes fifty percent of total fry and fingerling production in Bangladesh, therefore, the stakeholders should focus on the trade issues, otherwise fish supply would be interrupted as a whole.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.19197 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 199 - 207, 2007