bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canonical formalism and quantization of a massless spinning bosonic particle in four dimensions
Authors: Deguchi Shinichi , Negishi Shouma , Okano Satoshi , Suzuki Takafumi
Published: March 2014

A twistor model of a free massless spinning particle in four-dimensional Minkowski space is studied in terms of space–time and spinor variables. This model is specified by a simple action, referred to here as the gauged Shirafuji action, that consists of twistor variables and gauge fields on the one-dimensional parameter space. We consider the canonical formalism of the model by following the Dirac formulation for constrained Hamiltonian systems. In the subsequent quantization procedure, we obtain a plane-wave solution with momentum spinors. From this solution and coefficient functions, we construct positive-frequency and negative-frequency spinor wave functions defined on complexified Minkowski space. It is shown that the Fourier–Laplace transforms of the coefficient functions lead to the spinor wave functions expressed as the Penrose transforms of the corresponding holomorphic functions on twistor space. We also consider the exponential generating function for the spinor wave functions and derive a novel representation for each of the spinor wave functions.
A hidden life of Peregrine's soliton: Rouge waves in the oceanic depths
Authors: Yurova Alla
Published: March 2014

Although the Peregrine-type solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation have long been associated mainly with the infamous "rouge waves" on the surface of the ocean, they might have a much more interesting role in the oceanic depths; in this paper we show that these solutions play an important role in the evolution of the intrathermocline eddies, also known as the "oceanic lenses". In particular, we show that the collapse of a lens is determined by the particular generalization of the Peregrine soliton — the so-called exultons — of the NLS equation. In addition, we introduce a new mathematical method of construction of a vortical filament (a frontal zone of a lens) from a known one by the Darboux transformation.
Synthesis of time-stratigraphic relationships and their impact on hydrocarbon reservoir distribution and performance, Bridport Sand Formation, Wessex Basin, UK
Authors: Hampson Gary J. , Morris Jenny E. , Johnson Howard D.
Published: March 2014

The Lower Jurassic Bridport Sand Formation records net deposition in the Wessex Basin, southern UK of a low-energy, siliciclastic shoreface that was dominated by storm-event beds reworked by bioturbation. Shoreface sandstones dip at 2–3° to define (subaerial?) clinoforms that pass distally into a near-horizontal platform, and then steepen again to form steep (2–3°) subaqueous clinoforms in the underlying Down Cliff Clay Member. The overall morphology indicates mud-dominated clinoforms of compound geometry. Compound clinoforms are grouped into progradational sets whose stacking reflects tectonic subsidence and sediment dispersal patterns, and also controls basin-scale reservoir distribution and diachroneity of the formation.

Each shoreface clinoform set consists of an upward-shallowing succession that is several tens of metres thick with a laterally continuous mudstone interval at its base. The successions are punctuated by calcite-cemented concretionary layers of varying lateral continuity, which formed along bioclastic lags at the base of storm-event beds. Concretionary layers thus represent short periods of rapid sediment accumulation, while their distribution likely results from variations in storm-wave climate, relative sea-level, and/or sediment availability. The distribution of impermeable mudstone intervals that bound each clinoform set and concretionary layers along clinoform surfaces controls oil drainage in the Bridport Sand Formation reservoir.
Postnatal regulation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the rat kidney
Authors: Liu Ying , Jia Zhanjun , Sun Ying , Zhou Li , Downton Maicy , Chen Ren , Zhang Aihua , Yang Tianxin
Published: March 2014

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) has an established role in postnatal kidney development. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is recently identified as an endogenous inhibitor of COX-2, limiting the production of COX-2-derived prostanoids in several pathological conditions. The present study was undertaken to examine the regulation of renal 15-PGDH expression during postnatal kidney development in rats compared with COX-2. qRT-PCR and immunoblotting demonstrated that 15-PGDH mRNA and protein in the kidney were present in neonates, peaked in the second postnatal week, and then declined sharply to very low level in adulthood. Immunostaining demonstrated that at the second postnatal week, renal 15-PGDH protein was predominantly found in the proximal tubules stained positive for Na/H exchanger 3 and brush borders (periodic acid-Schiff), whereas COX-2 protein was restricted to macular densa and adjacent thick ascending limbs. Interestingly, in the fourth postnatal week, 15-PGDH protein was redistributed to thick ascending limbs stained positive for the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter. After 6 wk of age, 15-PGDH protein was found in the granules in subsets of the proximal tubules. Overall, these results support a possibility that 15-PGDH may regulate postnatal kidney development through interaction with COX-2.
Effects of combined administration of rapamycin, tolvaptan, and AEZ-131 on the progression of polycystic disease in PCK rats
Authors: Sabbatini Massimo , Russo Luigi , Cappellaio Francesco , Troncone Giancarlo , Bellevicine Claudio , De Falco Valentina , Buonocore Preziosa , Riccio Eleonora , Bisesti Vincenzo , Federico Stefano , Pisani Antonio
Published: March 2014

Both experimental and clinical studies have suggested that any potential treatment of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) should start early and last for a long time to be effective, with unavoidable side reactions and considerable costs. The aim of the present study was to test how low doses of rapamycin (RAPA; 0.15 mg/kg ip for 4 days/wk), tolvaptan (TOLV; 0.005% in diet), or AEZ-131 (AEZ; a novel ERK inhibitor, 30 mg/kg for 3 days/wk by gavage), alone and in association, affect the progression of polycystic renal disease in PCK rats. Rats were treated for 8 wk starting at 4–6 wk of age. The efficacy of low doses of such drugs in inhibiting their respective targets was confirmed by immunoblot experiments. Compared with rats in the control (CON) group, RAPA treatment caused a significant reduction in cyst volume density (CVD; −19% vs. the CON group) and was numerically similar to that in TOLV-treated rats (−18%, not significiant), whereas AEZ treatment was not effective. RAPA + TOLV treatment resulted in a significantly lower CVD (−49% vs. the CON group) and was associated with a striking decrease in cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation, and similar data were detected in RAPA + AEZ-treated rats (−42%), whereas TOLV + AEZ treatment had virtually no effect. RAPA administration significantly lessened body weight gain, whereas TOLV administration resulted a mild increase in diuresis and a significant increase in cAMP urinary excretion. Histological data of tubular proliferation were in full agreement with CVD data. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the association of low doses of RAPA, TOLV, and AEZ slows the progression of PKD with limited side effects, suggesting the use of combined therapies also in clinical trials.
Temporal scaling of neural responses to compressed and dilated natural speech
Authors: Lerner Y. , Honey C. J. , Katkov M. , Hasson U.
Published: March 2014

Different brain areas integrate information over different timescales, and this capacity to accumulate information increases from early sensory areas to higher order perceptual and cognitive areas. It is currently unknown whether the timescale capacity of each brain area is fixed or whether it adaptively rescales depending on the rate at which information arrives from the world. Here, using functional MRI, we measured brain responses to an auditory narrative presented at different rates. We asked whether neural responses to slowed (speeded) versions of the narrative could be compressed (stretched) to match neural responses to the original narrative. Temporal rescaling was observed in early auditory regions (which accumulate information over short timescales) as well as linguistic and extra-linguistic brain areas (which can accumulate information over long timescales). The temporal rescaling phenomenon started to break down for stimuli presented at double speed, and intelligibility was also impaired for these stimuli. These data suggest that 1) the rate of neural information processing can be rescaled according to the rate of incoming information, both in early sensory regions as well as in higher order cortexes, and 2) the rescaling of neural dynamics is confined to a range of rates that match the range of behavioral performance.
Hippocampal Glial Degenerative Potentials of Mefloquine and Artequin in Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Udoh Nsikan-Abasi B. , Ekanem Theresa B. , Ekong Moses B. , Peter Aniekan I. , Akpantah Amabe O.
Published: March 2014

Mefloquine and Artequin are two effective antimalarial drugs currently in use in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. This study was to investigate the hippocampal glial degenerative potentials of these drugs in adult Wistar rats. Forty-nine adult Wistar rats weighing 200 g were divided into groups 1–7. Group 1 served as the control that received distilled water, while groups 2–7 received oral doses of 0.86/1.07 mg/kg, 1.71/2.14 mg/kg, and 3.24/4.28 mg/kg of Artequin and 1.07 mg/kg, 2.14 mg/kg, and 4.28 mg/kg of Mefloquine. The treatment lasted for three days, and on day 4 the animals were sacrificed. Their hippocampi were preserved in neutral formal saline and processed by silver impregnation method. The histomorphology of the hippocampal sections of rats in the groups treated with 2.14 mg/kg and 4.28 mg/kg of Mefloquine and 0.86/1.07 mg/kg, 1.71/2.14 mg/kg, and 3.24/4.28 mg/kg of Artequin showed large and dense populations of astrocytes and astrocytes’ processes, with either loss or reduction in the population of oligodendrocytes. There was also loss in the population of pyramidal neurons all compared with the control group. In conclusion, Mefloquine and Artequin administration induced dose-dependent reactive astrocytes and astrocytes’ processes formation in the hippocampus. This may impair the uptake of neurotransmitter and alter neuronal environment thus altering the hippocampal function.
Systematic Review of Multiple Contents Synchronization in Interactive Television Scenario
Authors: Costa Segundo Ricardo Mendes , Saibel Santos Celso Alberto
Published: March 2014

Context. Interactive TV has not reached yet its full potential. How to make the use of interactivity in television content viable and attractive is something in evolution that can be seen with the popularization of new approaches as the use of second screen as interactive platform. Objective. This study aims at surveying existing research on Multiple Contents TV Synchronization in order to synthesize their results, classify works with common points, and identify needs for future research. Method. This paper reports the results of a systematic literature review and mapping study on TV Multiple Contents Synchronization published until middle 2013. As result, a set of 68 papers was generated and analyzed considering general information such as sources and time of publication; covered research topics; and synchronization aspects such as methods, channels, and precision. Results. Based on the obtained data, the paper provides a high level overview of the analyzed works; a detailed exploration of each used and proposed technique and its applications; and a discussion and proposal of a scenario overview and classification scheme based on the extracted data.
Guideline Concordant Therapy Prolongs Survival in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients: Results from a Large Population-Based Cohort of a Cancer Registry
Authors: Inwald E. C. , Ortmann O. , Zeman F. , Koller M. , Hofstädter F. , Gerstenhauer M. , Klinkhammer-Schalke M.
Published: March 2014

Even though randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrated improved survival by adjuvant trastuzumab treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients, data on its effect in clinical routine are scarce. This study evaluated the use and efficacy of trastuzumab in routine treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Data from the clinical cancer registry Regensburg (Germany) were analyzed. The present study investigated 6,991 female patients with primary invasive breast cancer. In premenopausal HER2-positive patients a considerable increase of trastuzumab therapy was observed from 58.1% in 2006 to 90.9% in 2011, whereas in postmenopausal patients trastuzumab was rather used on a constant rate of 49.1%. Best overall survival (OS) was found in HER2/steroid hormone receptor-positive patients receiving guideline concordant treatment with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (CHT) plus antihormone therapy (AHT) with a 7-year OS rate of 96% compared to the non-trastuzumab group with a 7-year OS rate of 92%. In multivariable analysis, HER2-positive patients treated with CHT or AHT who did not get trastuzumab, had a worse 7-year OS (65%,P=0.006versus 79%,P=0.017) than the control groups. This population-based study demonstrated that guideline concordant use of adjuvant trastuzumab improves OS for HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated in routine clinical care.
Sliding Mode Control for the Synchronous Generator
Authors: Chang Yaote , Wen Chih-Chin
Published: March 2014

Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem and sliding mode control technique, a design of the
nonlinear controller is proposed for the dual-excited and steam-valving control of the synchronous generators
with matched and mismatched perturbations in this paper. By using some constant gains designed
in the sliding surface function, the perturbations in the power system can be suppressed, and the property
of asymptotical stability of the rotor angle and the voltage can be achieved at the same time.
A Note on the Adaptive Estimation of a Multiplicative Separable Regression Function
Authors: Chesneau Christophe
Published: March 2014

We investigate the estimation of a multiplicative separable regression function from a bidimensional nonparametric regression model with random design. We present a general estimator for this problem and study its mean integrated squared error (MISE) properties. A wavelet version of this estimator is developed. In some situations, we prove that it attains the standard unidimensional rate of convergence under the MISE over Besov balls.
All-Optical Logic Gates: Designs, Classification, and Comparison
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Tripathi Devendra Kr. , Jaiswal Shikha , Dixit H. K.
Published: March 2014

The paper reviews the current status and designs of all-optical gates. Various schemes with and without semiconductor optical amplifiers are discussed and compared. The optical gates are classified according to their design structures. It is divided into two major divisions that is, nonsemiconductor optical amplifier based gates and semiconductor optical amplifier based gates. In nonsemiconductor optical amplifier based gates, different schemes have been proposed to create non-linearity which is discussed. The semiconductor optical amplifier based gates of different design structures are discussed to show the probe pulse that is modulated in different ways to obtain results.
Effects of Atorvastatin on Atherosclerosis and Atherogenesis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sokoll Katharina Benita , Batuca Joana , Lopez Luis Romulo , Hensor Elizabeth , Emery Paul , Delgado Alves José , Ames Paul Richard Julian
Published: March 2014

Objective. The effect of statins on atherogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is poorly known. To inform a wider trial we performed a pilot study evaluating the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CIMT) and some oxidative [beta-2-glycoprotein-1 complexed with oxidised low density lipoprotein (β2GPIoxLDL)], metabolic [paraoxonase (PON), nitrate (NO3 −), nitrite (NO2 −) and nitrotyrosine (NT)], inflammatory [C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA)], and lipid markers before and after 1 year of treatment with 40 mg of oral atorvastatin (AT). Methods. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled pilot study on consecutive SLE patients: 17 SLE patients were randomised into the AT arm and 20 into the placebo arm. CIMT was measured by high-resolution sonography, PONa by a spectrophotometric method, NO3 − and NO2 − by a colorimetric assay and oxLDL-β2GPI, NT, CRP, and SAA by Elisa. Results. After correction for age and disease duration oxLDL-β2GPI decreased by 27% (P=0.002) and PON/HDL ratio increased by 12% (P=0.01) but CIMT did not change. Conclusion. This pilot study revealed a decrease of oxLDL-β2GPI (oxidant marker) and an increase of PON/HDL ratio (antioxidant activity) after AT indicating a favourable effect of the drug on atherogenic pathways that should be explored on larger trials.
Phytoremediation Potential of Maná-Cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorumDunal) for the Deleterious Effects of Methylmercury on the Reproductive System of Rats
Authors: Frenedoso da Silva Raquel , Missassi Gabriela , dos Santos Borges Cibele , Silva de Paula Eloísa , Hornos Carneiro Maria Fernanda , Grotto Denise , Barbosa Junior Fernando , De Grava Kempinas Wilma
Published: March 2014

Methylmercury, organic form of mercury, can increase the number of abnormal sperm and decrease sperm concentration and testosterone levels possibly due to the damage caused by reactive species to germ and Leydig cells. Maná-cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorumDunal) is a native fruit from Amazon rich in iron, zinc, niacin, pectin, and citric acid, used in foods, beverages, and medicinal purposes, since it has been useful for treatment of various diseases caused by oxidative stress or nutritional deficiency. Therefore, this study evaluated the phytoremediation potential of this fruit on damages caused by exposure to MeHg on sperm quantity and quality and the histological aspect of the testis and epididymis. Wistar male rats (n=20) were randomly allocated into four groups: Control group (received distilled water), MeHg group (140 μg/Kg),Solanumgroup (1% of fruit Maná-cubiu on chow), andSolanumplus MeHg group (same treatment as MeHg and Solanum group). The organs were weighted, histopathology; sperm morphology and counts were obtained. The results showed reduction in body weight gain, testis weights, reduced sperm production, and increased histopathological abnormalities in the MeHg-treated group. However, treatment withSolanumplus MeHg revealed a protective effect of this fruit on damages caused by MeHg.
Anxiety, Automatic Negative Thoughts, and Unconditional Self-Acceptance in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Paloș Ramona , Vîșcu Loredana
Published: March 2014

Objectives. This research was carried out in two stages: the objectives of the first stage were (1) to identify the existing relationships between the level of anxiety, the frequency of automatic negative thoughts, and unconditional self-acceptance and (2) to capture the existing differences regarding these variables between people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and those with no such medical history. Methods. The sample made up of 50 subjects filled out the following three questionnaires: the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire. Results. Psychological anxiety is positively correlated with automatic negative thoughts, while unconditional self-acceptance is negatively correlated with both psychological anxiety and somatic anxiety as well as with automatic negative thoughts. All studied variables were significantly different in rheumatoid arthritis as compared to the control population. Conclusions. The results showed the presence to a greater extent of anxiety and automatic negative thoughts, along with reduced unconditional self-acceptance among people with rheumatoid arthritis. Intervention on these variables through support and counseling can lead to reducing anxiety and depression, to altering the coping styles, and, implicitly, to improving the patients’ quality of life.
Dynamic Analysis of Planar 3-

R

RR Flexible Parallel Robots with Dynamic Stiffening
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Fan Xuerui , Zhang Xianmin
Published: March 2014

In consideration of the second-order coupling quantity of the axial displacement caused by the transverse displacement of flexible beam, the first-order approximation coupling model of planar 3-RRR flexible parallel robots is presented, in which the rigid body motion constraints, elastic deformation motion constraints, and dynamic constraints of the moving platform are considered. Based on the different speed of the moving platform, numerical simulation results using the conventional zero-order approximation coupling model and the proposed firstorder approximation coupling model show that the effect of “dynamic stiffening” term on dynamic characteristics of the system is insignificant and can be neglected, and the zero-order approximation coupling model is enough precisely for catching essentially dynamic characteristics of the system. Then, the commercial software ANSYS 13.0 is used to confirm the validity of the zero-order approximation coupling model.
A IEEE 802.11e HCCA Scheduler with a Reclaiming Mechanism for Multimedia Applications
Authors: Ruscelli Anna Lina , Cecchetti Gabriele
Published: March 2014

The QoS offered by the IEEE 802.11e reference scheduler is satisfactory in the case of Constant Bit Rate traffic streams, but not yet in the case of Variable Bit Rate traffic streams, whose variations stress its scheduling behavior. Despite the numerous proposed alternative schedulers with QoS, multimedia applications are looking for refined methods suitable to ensure service differentiation and dynamic update of protocol parameters. In this paper a scheduling algorithm,Unused Time Shifting Scheduler(UTSS), is deeply analyzed. It is designed to cooperate with a HCCA centralized real-time scheduler through the integration of a bandwidth reclaiming scheme, suitable to recover nonexhausted transmission time and assign that to the next polled stations. UTSS dynamically computes with anO(1)complexity transmission time providing an instantaneous resource overprovisioning. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results highlight that this injection of resources does not affect the admission control nor the centralized scheduler but is suitable to improve the performance of the centralized scheduler in terms of mean access delay, transmission queues length, bursts of traffic management, and packets drop rate. These positive effects are more relevant for highly variable bit rate traffic.
Investigation of an Intelligent System for Fiber Optic-Based Epidural Anesthesia
Authors: Gong Cihun-Siyong Alex , Ting Chien-Kun
Published: March 2014

Even though there have been many approaches to assist the anesthesiologists in performing regional anesthesia, none of the prior arts may be said as an unrestricted technique. The lack of a design that is with sufficient sensitivity to the targets of interest and automatic indication of needle placement makes it difficult to all-round implementation of field usage of objectiveness. In addition, light-weight easy-to-use realization is the key point of portability. This paper reports on an intelligent system of epidural space identification using optical technique, with particular emphasis on efficiency-enhanced aspects. Statistical algorithms, implemented in a dedicated field-programmable hardware platform along with an on-platform application-specific integrated chip, used to advance real-time self decision making in needle advancement are discussed together with the feedback results. Clinicians' viewpoint of improving the correct rate of our technique is explained in detail. Our study demonstrates not only that the improved system is able to behave as if it is a skillful anesthesiologist but also it has potential to bring promising assist into clinical use under varied conditions and small amount of sample, provided that several concerns are addressed.
An Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filtering Algorithm for MEMS/GPS Integrated Navigation Systems
Authors: Cheng Jianhua , Chen Daidai , Landry Rene Jr. , Zhao Lin , Guan Dongxue
Published: March 2014

MEMS/GPS integrated navigation system has been widely used for land-vehicle navigation. This system exhibits large errors because of its nonlinear model and uncertain noise statistic characteristics. Based on the principles of the adaptive Kalman filtering (AKF) and unscented Kalman filtering (AUKF) algorithms, an adaptive unscented Kalman filtering (AUKF) algorithm is proposed. By using noise statistic estimator, the uncertain noise characteristics could be online estimated to adaptively compensate the time-varying noise characteristics. Employing the adaptive filtering principle into UKF, the nonlinearity of system can be restrained. Simulations are conducted for MEMS/GPS integrated navigation system. The results show that the performance of estimation is improved by the AUKF approach compared with both conventional AKF and UKF.
A 3’UTR Polymorphism of IL-6R Is Associated with Chinese Pediatric Tuberculosis
Authors: Shen Chen , Qi Hui , Sun Lin , Xiao Jing , Yin Qing-qin , Jiao Wei-wei , Wu Xi-rong , Tian Jian-ling , Han Rui , Shen A-dong
Published: March 2014

Background. IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in host defense against tuberculosis (TB). Genetic polymorphisms of IL-6 and its receptor IL-6R had been discussed in adult TB recently. However, their role in pediatric TB is still unclear. Due to the obvious differences in TB pathophysiology in children, which may also reflect differences in genetic background, further association studies in pediatric populations are needed.Methods. A case-control study was carried out in a Chinese pediatric population including 353 TB patients and 400 healthy controls. Tag-SNPs of IL-6 and IL-6R genes were selected by Haploview software, genotyped using MassArray, and analyzed statistically.Results. One polymorphism, rs2229238, in the 3’UTR region of IL-6R was observed to be associated with increased resistance to TB (adjustedP= 0.03). The rs2229238 T allele contributed to a reduced risk to TB in recessive heritable model (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35–0.78).Conclusions. By tag-SNP genotyping based case-control study, we identified a genetic polymorphism in the IL-6R 3’UTR that regulates host resistance to pediatric TB in a Chinese population.
Design of Attitude Control System for UAV Based on Feedback Linearization and Adaptive Control
Authors: Zhou Wenya , Yin Kuilong , Wang Rui , Wang Yue-E
Published: March 2014

Attitude dynamic model of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is multi‐input multioutput (MIMO), strong coupling, and nonlinear. Model uncertainties and external gust disturbances should be considered during designing the attitude control system for UAVs. In this paper, feedback linearization and model reference adaptive control (MRAC) are integrated to design the attitude control system for a fixed wing UAV. First of all, the complicated attitude dynamic model is decoupled into three single‐input single‐output (SISO) channels by input‐output feedback linearization. Secondly, the reference models are determined, respectively, according to the performance indexes of each channel. Subsequently, the adaptive control law is obtained using MRAC theory. In order to demonstrate the performance of attitude control system, the adaptive control law and the proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control law are, respectively, used in the coupling nonlinear simulation model. Simulation results indicate that the system performance indexes including maximum overshoot, settling time (2% error range), and rise time obtained by MRAC are better than those by PID. Moreover, MRAC system has stronger robustness with respect to the model uncertainties and gust disturbance.
Context-Based Separation of Cell Clusters for the Automatic Biocompatibility Testing of Implant Materials
Authors: Buhl S. , Neumann B. , Schäfer S. C.
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a new method to separate cells on microscopic surfaces joined together in cell clusters into individual cells. Important features of this method are that the remaining object geometry is preserved and few contour points are required for finding joints between neighboring cells. There are alternative methods such as morphological operations or the watershed transformation based on the inverse distance transformation but they have certain disadvantages compared to the method presented in this paper. The discussed method contains knowledge-based components in form of a decision function and exchangeable rules to avoid unwanted separations.
Cerebrovascular and Neuroprotective Effects of Adamantane Derivative
Authors: Mirzoyan Ruben S. , Gan’shina Tamara S. , Maslennikov Denis V. , Kovalev Georgy I. , Zimin Ivan A. , Pyatin Boris M. , Avdyunina Nina I. , Kukhtarova Anna M. , Khostikyan Nelly G. , Meliksetyan Vahe S. , Alikhanyan Cristina B. , Mirzoyan Narine R.
Published: March 2014

Objectives. The influence of 5-hydroxyadamantane-2-on was studied on the rats’ brain blood flow and on morphological state of brain tissue under the condition of brain ischemia. The interaction of the substance with NMDA receptors was also studied.Methods. Study has been implemented using the methods of local blood flow registration by laser flowmeter, [3H]-MK-801binding, and morphological examination of the brain tissue. We used the models of global transient ischemia of the brain, occlusion of middle cerebral artery, and hypergravity ischemia of the brain.Results. Unlike memantine, antagonist of glutamatergic receptors, the 5-hydroxyadamantane-2-on does not block NMDA receptors but enhances the cerebral blood flow of rats with brain ischemia. This effect is eliminated by bicuculline. Under conditions of permanent occlusion of middle cerebral artery, 5-hydroxyadamantane-2-on has recovered compensatory regeneration in neural cells, axons, and glial cells, and the number of microcirculatory vessels was increased. 5-Hydroxyadamantane-2-on was increasing the survival rate of animals with hypergravity ischemia.Conclusions. 5-Hydroxyadamantane-2-on, an adamantane derivative, which is not NMDA receptors antagonist, demonstrates significant cerebrovascular and neuroprotective activity in conditions of brain ischemia. Presumably, the GABA-ergic system of brain vessels is involved in mechanisms of cerebrovascular and neuroprotective activity of 5-hydroxyadamantane-2-on.
Monitoring Machines by Using a Hybrid Method Combining MED, EMD, and TKEO
Authors: Kedadouche Mourad , Thomas Marc , Tahan Antoine
Published: March 2014

Amplitude demodulation is a key for diagnosing bearing faults. The quality of the demodulation determines the efficiency of the spectrum analysis in detecting the defect. A signal analysis technique based on minimum entropy deconvolution (MED), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and Teager Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) is presented. The proposed method consists in enhancing the signal by using MED, decomposing the signal in intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and selects only the IMF which presents the highest correlation coefficient with the original signal. In this study the first IMF1 was automatically selected, since it represents the contribution of high frequencies which are first excited at the early stages of degradation. After that, TKEO is used to track the modulation energy. The spectrum is applied to the instantaneous amplitude. Therefore, the character of the bearing faults can be recognized according to the envelope spectrum. The simulation and experimental results show that an envelope spectrum analysis based on MED-EMD and TKEO provides a reliable signal analysis tool. The experimental application has been developed on acoustic emission and vibration signals recorded for bearing fault detection.
Bilateral Renal Tumour as Indicator for Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome
Authors: Johannesma P. C. , van Moorselaar R. J. A. , Horenblas S. , van der Kolk L. E. , Thunnissen E. , van Waesberghe J. H. T. M. , Menko F. H. , Postmus P. E.
Published: March 2014

Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a cancer disorder caused by a pathogenicFLCNmutation characterized by fibrofolliculomas, lung cysts, pneumothorax, benign renal cyst, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this case we describe a patient with bilateral renal tumour and a positive familial history for pneumothorax and renal cancer. Based on this clinical presentation, the patient was suspected for BHD syndrome, which was confirmed after molecular testing. We discuss the importance of recognizing this autosomal dominant cancer disorder when a patient is presented at the urologist with a positive family history of chromophobe renal cell cancer or a positive familial history for renal cell cancer and pneumothorax.
Approximate Series Solutions for Nonlinear Free Vibration of Suspended Cables
Authors: Zhao Yaobing , Sun Ceshi , Wang Zhiqian , Wang Lianhua
Published: March 2014

This paper presents approximate series solutions for nonlinear free vibration of suspended cables via the Lindstedt-Poincare method and homotopy analysis method, respectively. Firstly, taking into account the geometric nonlinearity of the suspended cable as well as the quasi-static assumption, a mathematical model is presented. Secondly, two analytical methods are introduced to obtain the approximate series solutions in the case of nonlinear free vibration. Moreover, small and large sag-to-span ratios and initial conditions are chosen to study the nonlinear dynamic responses by these two analytical methods. The numerical results indicate that frequency amplitude relationships obtained with different analytical approaches exhibit some quantitative and qualitative differences in the cases of motions, mode shapes, and particular sag-to-span ratios. Finally, a detailed comparison of the differences in the displacement fields and cable axial total tensions is made.
Threshold Dynamics of a Huanglongbing Model with Logistic Growth in Periodic Environments
Authors: Wang Jianping , Gao Shujing , Luo Yueli , Xie Dehui
Published: March 2014

We analyze the impact of seasonal activity of psyllid on the dynamics of Huanglongbing (HLB) infection. A new model about HLB transmission with Logistic growth in psyllid insect vectors and periodic coefficients has been investigated. It is shown that the global dynamics are determined by the basic reproduction numberR0which is defined through the spectral radius of a linear integral operator. IfR0< 1, then the disease-free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable and ifR0> 1, then the disease persists. Numerical values of parameters of the model are evaluated taken from the literatures. Furthermore, numerical simulations support our analytical conclusions and the sensitive analysis on the basic reproduction number to the changes of average and amplitude values of the recruitment function of citrus are shown. Finally, some useful comments on controlling the transmission of HLB are given.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Tsunami Generation and Propagation under the Effect of Stochastic Seismic Fault Source Model in Linearized Shallow-Water Wave Theory
Authors: Allam Allam A. , Omar M. A. , Ramadan Khaled T.
Published: March 2014

Tsunami generation and propagation caused by stochastic seismic fault driven by two
Gaussian white noises in the x- and y-directions are investigated. This model is used to study the tsunami amplitude amplification under the effect of the noise intensities, spreading uplift length and rise times of the three-dimensional stochastic fault source model. Tsunami waveforms within the frame of the linearized shallow-water theory for constant water depth are analyzed analytically by transform methods (Laplace in time and Fourier in space). The amplification of tsunami amplitudes builds up progressively as time increases during the generation process due to wave focusing while the maximum wave amplitude decreases with time during the propagation process due to the geometric spreading and also due to dispersion. The maximum amplitude amplification is proportional to the propagation length of the stochastic source model and inversely proportional to the water depth. The increase of the normalized noise intensities on the bottom topography leads to an increase in oscillations and amplitude in the free surface elevation. We derived and analyzed the mean and variance of the random tsunami waves as a function of the propagated uplift length, noise intensities, and the average depth of the ocean along the generation and propagation path.
Acute and Subacute ToxicityIn Vivoof Thermal-Sprayed Silver Containing Hydroxyapatite Coating in Rat Tibia
Authors: Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Ando Yoshiki , Noda Iwao , Eto Shuichi , Akiyama Takayuki , Yonekura Yutaka , Sonohata Motoki , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: March 2014

To reduce the incidence of implant-associated infection, we previously developed a novel coating technology using hydroxyapatite (HA) containing silver (Ag). This study examinedin vivoacute and subacute toxicity associated with the Ag-HA coating in rat tibiae. Ten-week-old rats received implantation of HA-, 2% Ag-HA-, or 50% Ag-HA-coated titanium rods. Concentrations of silver in serum, brain, liver, kidneys, and spleen were measured in the acute phase (2–4 days after treatment) and subacute phase (4–12 weeks after treatment). Biochemical and histological examinations of those organs were also performed. Mean serum silver concentration peaked in the acute phase and then gradually decreased. Mean silver concentrations in all examined organs from the 2% Ag-HA coating groups showed no significant differences compared with the HA coating group. No significant differences in mean levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, or blood urea nitrogen were seen between the three groups and controls. Histological examinations of all organs revealed no abnormal pathologic findings. No acute or subacute toxicity was seenin vivofor 2% Ag-HA coating or HA coating. Ag-HA coatings on implants may represent biologically safe antibacterial biomaterials and may be of value for reducing surgical-site infections related to implantation.
The Investigation of Exact Solutions for the Appropriate Type of the Dispersive Long Wave Equation
Authors: Biazar J. , Mehrlatifan M. B. , Salehdirin Z.
Published: March 2014

Improved (G'/G)-expansion and first integral methods are used to construct exact solutions of the 2+1-dimensional Eckhaus-type extension of the dispersive long wave equation. The (G'/G)-expansion method is based on the assumptions that the travelling wave solutions can be expressed by a polynomial in (G'/G) and the first integral method is based on the theory of commutative algebra in which Division Theorem is of concern. It is worth mentioning that these methods are used for different systems and those two different systems can both be reduced to a system that will be mentioned in this paper. To recapitulate, this investigation has resulted in the exact solutions of the given systems.
Selecting the Best of Portfolio Using OWA Operator Weights in Cross Efficiency-Evaluation
Authors: Sanei Masoud , Banihashemi Shokoofeh
Published: March 2014

The present study is an attempt toward evaluating the performance of portfolios and asset selection using cross-efficiency evaluation. Cross-efficiency evaluation is an effective way of ranking decision making units (DMUs) in data envelopment analysis (DEA). The most widely used approach is to evaluate the efficiencies in each row or column in the cross-efficiency matrix with equal weights into an average cross-efficiency score for each DMU and consider it as the overall performance measurement of the DMU. This paper focuses on the evaluation process of the efficiencies in the cross-efficiency matrix and proposes the use of ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator weights for cross-efficiency evaluation. The OWA operator weights are generated by the minimax disparity approach and allow the decision maker (DM) or investor to select the best assets that are characterized by an orness degree. The problem consists of choosing an optimal set of assets in order to minimize the risk and maximize return. This method is illustrated by application in mutual funds and weights are obtained via OWA operator for making the best portfolio. The finding could be used for constructing the best portfolio in stock companies, in various finance organization, and public and private sector companies.
CLPTM1L Promotes Growth and Enhances Aneuploidy in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Jia Jinping , Bosley Allen D. , Thompson Abbey , Hoskins Jason W. , Cheuk Adam , Collins Irene , Parikh Hemang , Xiao Zhen , Ylaya Kris , Dzyadyk Marta , Cozen Wendy , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Lynch Charles F. , Loncarek Jadranka , Altekruse Sean F. , Zhang Lizhi , Westlake Christopher J. , Factor Valentina M. , Thorgeirsson Snorri , Bamlet William R. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Petersen Gloria M. , Andresson Thorkell , Amundadottir Laufey T.
Published: March 2014

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 10 different cancers have identified pleiotropic cancer predisposition loci across a region of chromosome 5p15.33 that includes the TERT and CLPTM1L genes. Of these, susceptibility alleles for pancreatic cancer have mapped to the CLPTM1L gene, thus prompting an investigation of the function of CLPTM1L in the pancreas. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that CLPTM1L localized to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is likely embedded in the membrane, in accord with multiple predicted transmembrane domains. Overexpression of CLPTM1L enhanced growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro (1.3–1.5–fold; PDAY7 < 0.003) and in vivo (3.46-fold; PDAY68 = 0.039), suggesting a role in tumor growth; this effect was abrogated by deletion of two hydrophilic domains. Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry identified an interaction between CLPTM1L and non-muscle myosin II (NMM-II), a protein involved in maintaining cell shape, migration, and cytokinesis. The two proteins colocalized in the cytoplasm and, after treatment with a DNA-damaging agent, at the centrosomes. Overexpression of CLPTM1L and depletion of NMM-II induced aneuploidy, indicating that CLPTM1L may interfere with normal NMM-II function in regulating cytokinesis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed enhanced staining of CLPTM1L in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 378) as compared with normal pancreatic tissue samples (n = 17; P = 1.7 × 10−4). Our results suggest that CLPTM1L functions as a growth-promoting gene in the pancreas and that overexpression may lead to an abrogation of normal cytokinesis, indicating that it should be considered as a plausible candidate gene that could explain the effect of pancreatic cancer susceptibility alleles on chr5p15.33. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2785–95. ©2014 AACR.
Anti-VEGF Antibodies Mitigate the Development of Radiation Necrosis in Mouse Brain
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyu , Engelbach John A. , Yuan Liya , Cates Jeremy , Gao Feng , Drzymala Robert E. , Hallahan Dennis E. , Rich Keith M. , Schmidt Robert E. , Ackerman Joseph J.H. , Garbow Joel R.
Published: March 2014

Purpose: To quantify the effectiveness of anti-VEGF antibodies (bevacizumab and B20-4.1.1) as mitigators of radiation-induced, central nervous system (brain) necrosis in a mouse model.

Experimental Design: Cohorts of mice were irradiated with single-fraction 50- or 60-Gy doses of radiation targeted to the left hemisphere (brain) using the Leksell Perfexion Gamma Knife. The onset and progression of radiation necrosis were monitored longitudinally by in vivo, small-animal MRI, beginning 4 weeks after irradiation. MRI-derived necrotic volumes for antibody (Ab)-treated and untreated mice were compared. MRI results were supported by correlative histology.

Results: Hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of brains from irradiated, non–Ab-treated mice confirmed profound tissue damage, including regions of fibrinoid vascular necrosis, vascular telangiectasia, hemorrhage, loss of neurons, and edema. Treatment with the murine anti-VEGF antibody B20-4.1.1 mitigated radiation-induced changes in an extraordinary, highly statistically significant manner. The development of radiation necrosis in mice under treatment with bevacizumab (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) was intermediate between that for B20-4.1.1–treated and non–Ab-treated animals. MRI findings were validated by histologic assessment, which confirmed that anti-VEGF antibody treatment dramatically reduced late-onset necrosis in irradiated brain.

Conclusions: The single-hemispheric irradiation mouse model, with longitudinal MRI monitoring, provides a powerful platform for studying the onset and progression of radiation necrosis and for developing and testing new therapies. The observation that anti-VEGF antibodies are effective mitigants of necrosis in our mouse model will enable a wide variety of studies aimed at dose optimization and timing and mechanism of action with direct relevance to ongoing clinical trials of bevacizumab as a treatment for radiation necrosis. Clin Cancer Res; 20(10); 2695–702. ©2014 AACR.
Human Melanoma Metastases Demonstrate Nonstochastic Site-Specific Antigen Heterogeneity That Correlates with T-cell Infiltration
Authors: Bartlett Edmund K. , Fetsch Patricia A. , Filie Armando C. , Abati Andrea , Steinberg Seth M. , Wunderlich John R. , White Donald E. , Stephens Daniel J. , Marincola Francesco M. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Kammula Udai S.
Published: March 2014

Purpose: Metastasis heterogeneity presents a significant obstacle to the development of targeted cancer therapeutics. In this study, we sought to establish from a large series of human melanoma metastases whether there exists a determined pattern in tumor cellular heterogeneity that may guide the development of future targeted immunotherapies.

Experimental Design: From a cohort of 1,514 patients with metastatic melanoma, biopsies were procured over a 17-year period from 3,086 metastatic tumors involving various anatomic sites. To allow specific tumor cell profiling, we used established immunohistochemical methods to perform semiquantitative assessment for a panel of prototypic melanocyte differentiation antigens (MDA), including gp100, MART-1, and tyrosinase. To gain insight into the endogenous host immune response against these tumors, we further characterized tumor cell expression of MHC I and MHC II and, also, the concomitant CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltrate.

Results: Tumor cell profiling for MDA expression demonstrated an anatomic site-specific pattern of antigen expression that was highest in brain, intermediate in soft tissues/lymph nodes, and lowest in visceral metastases. Hierarchical clustering analysis supported that melanoma metastases have a phylogenetically determined, rather than a stochastic, pattern of antigen expression that varies by anatomic site. Furthermore, tyrosinase expression was more frequently lost in metastatic sites outside of the brain and was uniquely correlated with both endogenous CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell infiltrates.

Conclusion: Site-specific antigen heterogeneity represents a novel attribute for human melanoma metastases that should be considered in future therapy development and when assessing the responsiveness to antigen-specific immunotherapies. Clin Cancer Res; 20(10); 2607–16. ©2014 AACR.