bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiling of three H3F3A-mutated and denosumab-treated giant cell tumors of bone points to diverging pathways during progression and malignant transformation
Authors: Hasenfratz Marc , Mellert Kevin , Marienfeld Ralf , von Baer Alexandra , Schultheiss Markus , Roitman P. D. , Aponte-Tinao L. A. , Lehner Burkhard , Möller Peter , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Barth Thomas F. E.
Published: March 2021

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive lesion of intermediate malignancy. Malignant transformation of GCTB is a rare event. In 2013, the humanized monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb-Ligand (RANKL) denosumab was approved for treatment of advanced GCTB. Since then, several reports have questioned the role of denosumab during occasional malignant transformation of GCTB. We report on three patients with H3F3A-mutated GCTBs, treated with denosumab. The tissue samples were analysed by histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and in two instances by next generation panel sequencing of samples before and after treatment. One patient had a mutation of ARID2 in the recurrence of the GCTB under treatment with denosumab. One patient developed a pleomorphic sarcoma and one an osteoblastic osteosarcoma during treatment. Sequencing revealed a persisting H3F3A mutation in the osteosarcoma while the pleomorphic sarcoma lost the H3F3A mutation; however, a FGFR1 mutation, both in the recurrence and in the pleomorphic sarcoma persisted. In addition, the pleomorphic sarcoma showed an AKT2 and a NRAS mutation. These data are inconclusive concerning the role denosumab plays in the event of malignant progression/transformation of GCTB and point to diverging pathways of tumor progression of GCTB associated with this treatment.
Next generation of anti-PD-L1 Atezolizumab with enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in vivo
Authors: Li Maohua , Zhao Rongqing , Chen Jianxin , Tian Wenzhi , Xia Chenxi , Liu Xudong , Li Yingzi , Li Song , Sun Hunter , Shen Tong , Ren Wenlin , Sun Le
Published: March 2021

FDA-approved anti-PD-L1 antibody drug Atezolizumab is a human IgG1 without glycosylation by an N297A mutation. Aglycosylation of IgG1 has been used to completely remove the unwanted Fc-mediated functions such as antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, aglycosylated Atezolizumab is unstable and easy to form aggregates. Here, we report the development of the anti-PD-L1 antibody drug Maxatezo, a glycosylated version of Atezolizumab, with no ADCC activity, better thermo-stability, and significantly improved anti-tumor activity in vivo. Using Atezolizumab as the starting template, we back-mutated A297N to re-install the glycosylation, and inserted a short, flexible amino acid sequence (GGGS) between G237 and G238 in the hinge region of the IgG1 heavy chain. Our data shows that insertion of GGGS, does not alter the anti-PD-L1′s affinity and inhibitory activity, while completely abolishing ADCC activity. Maxatezo has a similar glycosylation profile and expression level (up to 5.4 g/L) as any normal human IgG1. Most importantly, Maxatezo’s thermal stability is much better than Atezolizumab, as evidenced by dramatic increases of Tm1 from 63.55 °C to 71.01 °C and Taggfrom 60.7 °C to 71.2 °C. Furthermore, the levels of ADA in mice treated with Maxatezo were significantly lower compared with animals treated with Atezolizumab. Most importantly, at the same dose (10 mg/kg), the tumor growth inhibition rate of Maxatezo was 98%, compared to 68% for Atezolizumab.
Transcriptomic responses to aluminum stress in tea plant leaves
Authors: Huang Danjuan , Gong Ziming , Chen Xun , Wang Hongjuan , Tan Rongrong , Mao Yingxin
Published: March 2021

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a well-known Al-accumulating plant, showing a high level of aluminum (Al) tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance and accumulation are poorly understood. We carried out transcriptome analysis of tea plant leaves in response to three different Al levels (0, 1, 4 mM, for 7 days). In total, 794, 829 and 585 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in 4 mM Al vs. 1 mM Al, 0 Al vs. 1 mM Al, and 4 mM Al vs. 0 Al comparisons, respectively. Analysis of genes related to polysaccharide and cell wall metabolism, detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular transport, and signal transduction were involved in the Al stress response. Furthermore, the transcription factors such as zinc finger, myeloblastosis (MYB), and WRKY played a critical role in transcriptional regulation of genes associated with Al resistance in tea plant. In addition, the genes involved in phenolics biosynthesis and decomposition were overwhelmingly upregulated in the leaves treated with either 0 Al and 4 mM Al stress, indicating they may play an important role in Al tolerance. These results will further help us to understand mechanisms of Al stress and tolerance in tea plants regulated at the transcriptional level.
Author Correction: Cardiac hypoxic resistance and decreasing lactate during maximum apnea in elite breath hold divers
Authors: Kjeld Thomas , Møller Jakob , Fogh Kristian , Hansen Egon Godthaab , Arendrup Henrik Christian , Isbrand Anders Brenøe , Zerahn Bo , Højberg Jens , Ostenfeld Ellen , Thomsen Henrik , Gormsen Lars Christian , Carlsson Marcus
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: Association between pet ownership and physical activity levels, atopic conditions, and mental health in Singapore: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Goh Ying Xian , Tan Joel Shi Quan , Syn Nicholas L. , Tan Beverley Shu Wen , Low Jia Ying , Foo Yi Han , Fung Waikit , Hoong Brandon Yi Da , Pang Junxiong ,   Phase IV CHP 2020 Group 8, Lim Qi Xuan , Wee Jieying , Ng Terence Yan Ming , Chow Hsin Han Elisha , Ng Yu Ling , Chong Jiamin Charmaine , Yeo Charmaine Yan , Tan Lorraine Hui En , Sim Abigail E Xuan , Abdurrahman Ahmad bin Hanifah Marican , Soon Carissa-Jill Yinn , Wee Ian Jun Yan , Ng Julia Yu Xin , Lim Xin Chen , Ng Lloyd Jee Hean , Lim Mervin Nathan Han Hui , Ong Wei Ren , Ong Wen Tao Daniel , Tan Ryan Gabriel , Viganeshwari S. Hema , Pillai Santhosh S/O Sasidaran , Chan Shawn Soon Han , Kamil Siti Humaira Bte Mohd , Soh Isabel , Su Mengyue , Tan Yu Xiang , Chew Valerie Tian Wei , Yang Lily Wei Yun , Yee Mun Yike Fiona
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A chiral thiourea and a phosphazene for fast and stereoselective organocatalytic ring-opening-polymerization of racemic lactide
Authors: Zaky Mohamed Samir , Wirotius Anne-Laure , Coulembier Olivier , Guichard Gilles , Taton Daniel
Published: March 2021

The isoselective organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide is triggered by a chiral binary organocatalytic system, achieving highly semi-crystalline and metal-free polylactides.
The fate of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in a marine food web influenced by land-based sources in the Norwegian Arctic
Authors: Ali Aasim M. , Langberg Håkon A. , Hale Sarah E. , Kallenborn Roland , Hartz William F. , Mortensen Åse-Karen , Ciesielski Tomasz Maciej , McDonough Carrie A. , Jenssen Bjørn Munro , Breedveld Gijs D.
Published: March 2021

Local point sources (mainly firefighting stations) and diffuse sources contributed to the exposure of PFAS to the marine food web near Longyearbyen on Svalbard. Certain PFOS substitutes showed a bioaccumulation potential in marine invertebrates.
Recent advances in g-C3N4composites within four types of heterojunctions for photocatalytic CO2reduction
Authors: Que Meidan , Cai Weihua , Chen Jin , Zhu Liangliang , Yang Yawei
Published: March 2021

Photocatalytic CO2reduction utilizes solar radiation as the main energy source to convert CO2into clean chemical fuels, providing an alternative fuel for human production and life activities.
Physicochemical implications of surface alkylation of high-valent, Lindqvist-type polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters
Authors: Fertig Alex A. , Rabbani S. M. Gulam , Koch Melissa D. , Brennessel William W. , Miró Pere , Matson Ellen M.
Published: March 2021

Modeling physicochemical consequences of surface functionalization of metal oxide nanocrystals using polyoxovanadate clusters.
Bifunctional squaramides with benzyl-like fragments: analysis of CH⋯π interactions by a multivariate linear regression model and quantum chemical topology
Authors: Díaz-Salazar Howard , Jiménez Eddy I. , Vallejo Narváez Wilmer E. , Rocha-Rinza Tomás , Hernández-Rodríguez Marcos
Published: March 2021

A multivariate linear regression model and quantum chemical topology are used for the quantitative description of non-covalent interactions in the transition state of the Michael addition catalyzed by bifunctional squaramides.
A novel route to size-controlled MIL-53(Fe) metal–organic frameworks for combined chemodynamic therapy and chemotherapy for cancer
Authors: Li Anxia , Yang Xiaoxin , Chen Juan
Published: March 2021

In this study, we reported a new approach for the size-controlled synthesis of uniform iron(iii)-based MIL-53 nanocrystals using the non-ionic surfactant PVP. A combinational therapeutic approach was presented for drug delivery and ROS therapy.
Aqueous-soluble bipyridine cobalt(ii/iii) complexes act as direct redox mediators in photosystem I-based biophotovoltaic devices
Authors: Teodor Alexandra H. , Ooi Eu-Jee , Medina Jackeline , Alarcon Miguel , Vaughn Michael D. , Bruce Barry D. , Bergkamp Jesse J.
Published: March 2021

Sustainable energy production is critical for meeting growing worldwide energy demands.
miRNA-mediated alteration of sulfatase modifying factor 1 expression using self-assembled branched DNA nanostructures
Authors: Kumari Kanchan , Kar Avishek , Nayak Ashok K. , Mishra Sandip K. , Subudhi Umakanta
Published: March 2021

Reduced expression of SUMF1 was evidenced in MCF-7 cells transfected with antimiR-bDNA. Expression of miRNA-106 and 148 have positive correlation with the expression of SUMF1. miRNA-106 and 148 blocks the repressor protein controls SUMF-1 expression.
Air mediates the impact of a compliant hemisphere on a rigid smooth surface
Authors: Zheng Siqi , Dillavou Sam , Kolinski John M.
Published: March 2021

When a soft elastic body impacts upon a smooth solid surface, the intervening air fails to drain, deforming the impactor. High-speed imaging with the VFT reveal rich dynamics and sensitivity to the impactor's elastic properties and the impact velocity.
Bi2O3 boosts brightness, biocompatibility and stability of Mn-doped Ba3(VO4)2 as NIR-II contrast agent
Authors: Gschwend Pascal M. , Keevend Kerda , Aellen Marianne , Gogos Alexander , Krumeich Frank , Herrmann Inge K. , Pratsinis Sotiris E.
Published: March 2021

Fluorescent, ultrabright, stable and cytocompatible flame-made Mn5+-doped Ba3(VO4)2–Bi2O3 nanoparticles are most suitable for near-IR-II bioimaging within 1 cm deep lying tissues outperforming commercial organic fluorophores and quantum dots.
Intravital NIR-II three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging of biomineralized copper sulfide nanoprobes
Authors: Zhou Hui-Chao , Ren Jie , Lin Yuejun , Gao Duyang , Hu Dehong , Yin Tinghui , Qiu Chen , Miao Xiaoyan , Liu Chengbo , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Zheng Rongqin , Sheng Zonghai
Published: March 2021

The systematic application of NIR-II three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging for revealing the behavior of CuS nanoprobesin vivo.
Electrified liquid–liquid interface as an electrochemical tool for the sensing of putrescine and cadaverine
Authors: Sudalaimani S. , Sanjeev Kumar K. , Esokkiya A. , Suresh C. , Giribabu K.
Published: March 2021

Facilitated ion transfer of putrescine and cadaverine shows good promise for non-enzymatic sensing.
Two porous Ni-MOFs based on 2,4,6-tris(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine showing solvent determined structures and distinctive sorption properties toward CO2 and alkanes
Authors: Qian Bin-Bin , Song Peng-Chao , Nie Hong-Xiang , Zhang Bo , Zheng Jin-Yu , Yu Mei-Hui , Chang Ze
Published: March 2021

We successfully constructed two MOFs through the regulation of solvents, which exhibit different structures and gas adsorption behaviors.
Highly-efficient production of spherical co-agglomerates of drugsviaan organic solvent-free process and a mechanism study
Authors: Sun Mengmeng , Liu Yanbo , Yan Hui , Chen Mingyang , Gong Junbo
Published: March 2021

A highly-efficient drug co-agglomeration technique was developed, overcoming the limitations of the current methods where biohazardous solvents and complex equipment were involved.
Rhodium single-atom catalysts with enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Xu Junyuan , Feng Siquan , Song Xiangen , Bondarchuk Oleksandr , Faria Joaquim L. , Ding Yunjie , Liu Lifeng
Published: March 2021

Rhodium (Rh) single-atom catalysts supported on activated carbon (Rh1/AC) are prepared via a “top-down” chemical reaction-induced dispersion process and show outstanding electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Dehydrogenative alcohol coupling and one-pot cross metathesis/dehydrogenative coupling reactions of alcohols using Hoveyda–Grubbs catalysts
Authors: Özer Halenur , Arslan Dilan , Öztürk Bengi Özgün
Published: March 2021

Grubbs catalysts are shown to catalyze one-pot cross-metathesis/dehydrogenative alcohol coupling reactions in an efficient manner.
Tubular polyoxoanion [(SeMo6O21)2(C2O4)3]10− and its transformations
Authors: Pantyukhina Valeria S. , Volchek Victoria V. , Komarov Vladislav Yu. , Korolkov Ilya V. , Kokovkin Vasily V. , Kompankov Nikolay B. , Abramov Pavel A. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: March 2021

Tubular [(SeMo6O21)2(C2O4)3]10− polyoxoanion can be assembled from Na2MoO4/SeO2/H2C2O4 system. TBABr precipitates complexes of [Mo6O19]2− and [β-Mo8O26Na2(NO3)]3− from its aqueous solution. Speciation of [β-Mo8O26]4− and [Mo6O19]2− has been studied.
Synthesis and physicochemical properties of poly[2-(cyclohex-2-en-1-yl)aniline] as a new polyaniline derivative
Authors: Andriianova Anastasia N. , Gribko Diana E. , Petrov Ivan S. , Mullagaliev Ilnur , Sattarova Alina F. , Salikhov Renat B. , Abdrakhmanov Ildus B. , Mustafin Akhat G.
Published: March 2021

A new polyaniline derivative, poly[2-(cyclohex-2-en-1-yl)aniline], was synthesized using different synthetic parameters.
Eluting mode of photodynamic nanofibers without photosensitizer leakage for one-stop treatment of outdoor hemostasis and sterilizing superbacteria
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Chun-Li , Liu Jiang-Jun , Bai Xiao-Han , Cao Zhi-Kai , Yang Jun , Yu Miao , Ramakrishna Seeram , Long Yun-Ze
Published: March 2021

Outdoor hemostasis and simultaneous photodynamic sterilization of superbacteriaviaone-stop treatment using the same fibers prepared by a portable electrospinning device.
Controlling selectivity in N-heterocycle directed borylation of indoles
Authors: Iqbal S. A. , Yuan K. , Cid J. , Pahl J. , Ingleson M. J.
Published: March 2021

N-Heterocycle directing groups lead to selective borylation of indole at C2 or C7 controlled by heterocycle ring size. With five membered heterocycle directing groups, C2 borylation is disfavoured due to an increased degree of distortion.
Catalytic and non-catalytic hydroboration of carbonyls: quantum-chemical studies
Authors: Nowicki Mateusz , Kuciński Krzysztof , Hreczycho Grzegorz , Hoffmann Marcin
Published: March 2021

The present paper examines both catalyst-free and KF-mediated hydroboration of carbonyl compounds with the use of quantum-chemical methods.
Ultra-high thermally stable gold nanorods/radial mesoporous silica and their application in enhanced chemo-photothermal therapy
Authors: Shan Chun , Huang Yuting , Wei Junhao , Chen Min , Wu Limin
Published: March 2021

AuNRs coated with ultra-thick SiO2 shells exhibited ultra-high thermal stability (800 °C), excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (70%) and outstanding loading capacity. The drug release could be nicely controlled by acidity and NIR laser to achieve the “On-demand” mode.
Preparation of superhydrophobic nylon-56/cotton-interwoven fabric with dopamine-assisted use of thiol–ene click chemistry
Authors: Wang Baoliang , Gao Chengyong , Huang Yiting , Xu Zhenzhen , Zhang Yanbo , Yang Qianxue , Xing Tieling , Chen Guoqiang
Published: March 2021

Preparation process of superhydrophobic textiles.
Investigation on the transformation behaviours of Fe-bearing minerals of coal in O2/CO2 combustion atmosphere containing H2O
Authors: Huang Fang , Xin Shanzhi , Mi Tie , Zhang Liqi
Published: March 2021

The ratio of Fe2+-glass to Fe3+-glass in ashes from O2/CO2 atmosphere is significantly increased. The iron oxides (hematite or magnetite) formation of included iron minerals may be delayed in O2/CO2. H2O promotes iron oxides formation.
A facile method to stabilize sodium metal anodes towards high-performance sodium batteries
Authors: Lu Qiongqiong , Omar Ahmad , Ding Ling , Oswald Steffen , Hantusch Martin , Giebeler Lars , Nielsch Kornelius , Mikhailova Daria
Published: March 2021

Protected Na anodes fabricated by 1,3-dioxolane pretreatment showed long-term cycling in symmetric cells and improved electrochemical performance in full cells.
Bioconjugates of versatile β-diketonate–lanthanide complexes as probes for time-gated luminescence and magnetic resonance imaging of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Song Bo , Wen Xinyi , Zhang Xinyue , Liu Qi , Ma Hua , Tan Mingqian , Yuan Jingli
Published: March 2021

Multifunctional bioconjugates of lanthanide complexes for tumor-targeting time-gated luminescence and magnetic resonance imaging in vitro and in vivo.
A Bi2S3-embedded gellan gum hydrogel for localized tumor photothermal/antiangiogenic therapy
Authors: Wu Yingjiao , Liang Yuqing , Liu Yandi , Hao Yijun , Tao Na , Li Juan , Sun Xiaoyi , Zhou Ming , Liu You-Nian
Published: March 2021

Bi2S3@GG nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared through a one-pot synthesis method using gellan gum as a stabilizer, and then designed for the combination of photothermal and antiangiogenic therapy.
One-electron reduction induced spin transition in Fe(ii) spin crossover molecules and the effect of the ligand
Authors: Hao Hua , Jia Ting , Zheng Xiaohong , Liu Peng , Zeng Zhi
Published: March 2021

The L ligand has notable (little) effects on the spin configuration in the reduced (neutral) state.
A novel model based on Sequential Adaptive Memory for English–Hindi Translation
Authors: Saini Sandeep , Sahula Vineet
Published: March 2021

Machine‐based language translation has been certainly picking up. Still, machines lag behind the cognitive powers of human beings. Neural Machine Translation (NMT) methods require huge datasets and computational power for high‐quality translation. A novel Sequential Adaptive Memory (SAM) cognitive model‐based machine translation system for English to Hindi translation, was proposed. This model is an augmented version of the Cortical Learning Algorithm (CLA). The SAM is based on the architecture of the neocortex region of the brain, where speech and language comprehension and production take place. The proposed model is capable of learning with smaller datasets. This model employs the sequence to sequence learning approach, which provides better quality translation. It enables the creation of word pairs, dictionaries, and rules for translation. The results of the proposed approach are compared with the traditional phrase‐based SMT approach as well as with the state‐of‐the‐art NMT approach. The results are comparable with the results of the conventional approaches. We illustrate that the limitations of the approaches are won over by the proposed SAM approach. It is observed that SAM is capable of exhibiting satisfactory quality translation for low resource languages as well.
Modelling and vector control of dual three‐phase PMSM with one‐phase open
Authors: Hu Yashan , Zhu Z. Q. , Wu Zhan‐yuan
Published: March 2021

This study proposes a generic mathematical modelling and decoupling fault‐tolerant vector control for dual three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with one phase open based on the conventional dual three‐phase voltage source inverters, accounting for the mutual coupling between two sets of three‐phase windings and the second harmonic inductance. When the dual three‐phase PMSM has one phase open, the permanent flux‐linkages are asymmetric and there are second harmonic components in the conventional synchronous reference frame (dq‐frame). Based on the proposed mathematical modelling, both permanent magnet flux‐linkages and currents become DC values in the dq‐frame, and therefore, the conventional proportional integral (PI) controller can be used to regulate the dq‐axis currents. Then, a decoupling fault‐tolerant vector control with/without a dedicated feed‐forward compensation is proposed to validate the correctness of the proposed mathematical modelling. Experimental results on a prototype dual three‐phase PMSM with one phase open show that the second harmonic dq‐axis currents can be well suppressed simply by the conventional PI controller and dedicated feed‐forward compensation. It also shows that the decoupling fault‐tolerant control based on the proposed modelling and control method has excellent dynamic performance, which is equivalent to the vector space decomposition control for the healthy machine.
A wideband high dynamic range triple‐stacked FET dual‐shunt distributed analogue voltage controlled attenuator
Authors: Nguyen Duy P. , Tran Xuan‐Tu , Pham Anh‐Vu
Published: March 2021

The authors present a novel wideband two‐dimensional voltage‐controlled attenuator (VCA). The proposed design employs both stacked‐FET configuration and distributed structure to achieve wideband performance, high power, and high dynamic range simultaneously. A systematic design methodology is also illustrated along with a fabricated prototype to verify the concept. The chip fabricated in a 0.15‐μm Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) process exhibiting a measured power at 1‐dB compression (P1dB) of 25.5 dBm with a corresponding dynamic range of 32 dB. The insertion loss ranges from 2 to 5 dB over the bandwidth from 2 to 40 GHz. Furthermore, the chip is not only very compact (0.84 mm2), but it also requires only a single positive supply voltage, which makes it more appealing to highly integrated wireless applications.
Compact 0.5–18 GHz double‐ridged guide horn antenna
Authors: Jacobs Bennie , Odendaal Johann W. , Joubert Johan
Published: March 2021

Broadband double‐ridged guide horn (DRGH) antennas are extensively used in antenna measurement and electromagnetic compatibility and interference testing, especially the 1–18 GHz DRGH antenna which is widely accepted as a standard for this band. Certain deficiencies in the radiation patterns have been identified and corrected by several authors, but the use was still limited to the 1–18 GHz frequency band. The incorporation of absorber materials and lenses has resulted in horn antennas with wider bandwidths; however, this complicates the manufacturing process and restricts these designs to lower power applications. Simulated and measured results for a new 0.5–18 GHz (36:1) DRGH antenna are presented here. The wider bandwidth is made possible by a new cavity design and optimising the design of the other antenna sections to allow wideband operation without using a lens or absorber. The new design has double the bandwidth ratio and is very compact, with an aperture size of 26.4 cm × 15.2 cm; the aperture sides are less than 12% larger than the sides of the aperture of the conventional 1–18 GHz DRGH antenna (24.2 cm × 13.6 cm).
An approach to achieve directional low‐profile antenna of quintuple stable pattern band by utilising dipole with compound concave corrugated reflector
Authors: Ren Chaofan , Geng Junping , Zhou Han , Wang Kun , Liang Xianling , Zhu Weiren , Jin Ronghong
Published: March 2021

An approach to achieve directional low‐profile UWB antenna by omnidirectional source with a reflector, is proposed. The general theoretical model about the direction and the phase conditions between the upward and reflected field are developed. A bow‐tie dipole source antenna is investigated first. To modify its radiation defect, proper phase equations between the original upward field and the reflected downward field are derived so that the aperture field becomes uniform enough to guarantee directional radiation. The concave‐shaped reflector is primarily adopted to satisfy the phase conditions. Then the concave‐shaped reflector is decorated with corrugated structure to realize good impedance matching within the wide band. Consequently, the split beams caused by multiple long linear currents with phase difference at high frequency is focussed while the directivity at low frequency is also improved. The prototype antenna was fabricated with a profile of 20.5 mm, about 0.156 λ
max (maximum wavelength in the work band), and the measured impedance bandwidth of VSWR ≤ 2.2 is over 2.27–26 GHz. Both simulated and measured results demonstrate the stable directional patterns within the quintuple band (2–10.5 GHz). The realised gain is over 7 dBi within the band (2–10.5 GHz) and peak is over 12 dBi.
Using space-VLBI to probe gravity around Sgr A*
Authors: Fromm C. M. , Mizuno Y. , Younsi Z. , Olivares H. , Porth O. , De Laurentis M. , Falcke H. , Kramer M. , Rezzolla L.
Published: March 2021

Context. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) will soon provide the first high-resolution images of the Galactic Centre supermassive black hole candidate Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), enabling us to probe gravity in the strong-field regime. In addition to studying the accretion process in extreme environments, the obtained data and reconstructed images could be used to investigate the underlying spacetime structure. In its current configuration, EHT is able to distinguish between a rotating Kerr black hole and a horizon-less object such as a boson star. Future developments can increase the ability of EHT to tell different spacetimes apart.

Aims. We investigate the capability of an advanced EHT concept, including an orbiting space antenna, to image and distinguish different spacetimes around Sgr A*.

Methods. We used general-relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of accreting compact objects (Kerr and dilaton black holes as well as boson stars) and computed their radiative signatures via general-relativistic radiative transfer. To facilitate a comparison with upcoming and future EHT observations, we produced realistic synthetic data including the source variability, diffractive, and refractive scattering while incorporating the observing array, including a space antenna. From the generated synthetic observations, we dynamically reconstructed black hole shadow images using regularised maximum entropy methods. We employed a genetic algorithm to optimise the orbit of the space antenna with respect to improved imaging capabilities and u − v-plane coverage of the combined array (ground array and space antenna) and developed a new method to probe the source variability in Fourier space.

Results. The inclusion of an orbiting space antenna improves the capability of EHT to distinguish the spin of Kerr black holes and dilaton black holes based on reconstructed radio images and complex visibilities.
Research on GIS Monitoring System in Operation Based on Rail Robot
Authors: Jia Peng-Fei , Ni Hong-Yu , Zhang Xing-Hui , Huang Su , Li Li-Hua , Yang Yang
Published: March 2021

GIS is prone to various defects and faults after putting into operation, and the failure rate is high. At present, the inspection methods of GIS in operation include traditional inspection mode, two-dimensional code inspection mode, radio frequency identification technology mode and robot inspection mode. However, the current inspection robot has the disadvantages of weak adaptability to complex environment, insufficient inspection scope, low efficiency and low intelligence. Therefore, this paper designs a GIS monitoring system based on the rail robot. By installing all kinds of sensors on the rail robot, with the help of binocular vision and mechanical arm, the omni-directional live detection of GIS in transit can be realized.
Differentiating instruction in the pre-service science education classroom
Authors: Brown Lisa , Wentworth Rebecca
Published: March 2021

In today’s increasingly diverse classrooms, instructors must be prepared to use a variety of teaching methods in an attempt at reaching all students. Students enter the classroom with a vast array of experiences, backgrounds, and other diversity markers that can impact their perceptions and skill level in science courses. This is of particular importance in the field of teacher training, where students need to not only study innovative teaching techniques but authentically experience these techniques that are varied. The purpose of this paper is to demystify differentiated instruction in the science methods classroom and provide strategies for assessment, materials access, and activities. Throughout instruction and assessment, students are given voice, the opportunity to provide input regarding what and how they learn, and choice, the opportunity to opt for activities/assessments they find interesting, stimulating, or match their learning preferences. Finally, differentiation is a philosophy of education that not only acknowledges but celebrates diversity and differences in students. As we prepare these students to become teachers, it is imperative that students not only discuss instructional strategies but authentically experience them as well. Differentiation gives the professor the ability to be the “guide on the side” and provide the students a wider range of discussion and demonstration of common goals.
Quality of life of a child with oral and maxillofacial pathology: certain problems in socialization
Authors: Agaeva Viktoria , Butko Galina , Bal Natalia
Published: March 2021

This article discusses important factors of quality of life of children with oral and maxillofacial pathologies: the issues of socialization and social and psychological adaptation. Cleft lip and cleft palate are common congenital malformations, having impact not only on somatic status but also on socialization, which is determined, in particular, by appearance and speech quality. As a child gets older, the risk of formation of secondary disorders of emotional and personal, behavioral and communicative spheres increases, which negatively affects psychoemotional background of the family. This work is aimed at substantiation of necessity of integrated assistance to families with children with appearance defects as the main subject of their socialization. The research was based on the methods of evaluation of social situation of a child with cleft lip and cleft palate and its influence on successful speech rehabilitation as an important constituent of quality of life. Analysis of the obtained data about opportunities of social adaptation of children with oral and maxillofacial pathologies gives confidence in necessity to maximum involvement of the family of such child into rehabilitation. It is important that all experts of interdisciplinary team understand the most important role of family in rehabilitation success, assist to parents and the child to resolve complicated situations related both with operative intrusion and with subsequent remedial actions. Early terms of integrated assistance allow to eliminate esthetic and functional violations of maxillofacial region, providing opportunities for full socialization of the child. Peculiar attention should be paid to the issue of tolerance of society regarding the persons with maxillofacial abnormalities.
Formation of the competencies of future teacher-speech therapists in the field of intercultural communication
Authors: Butko Galina , Shashkina Gulnara , Drozdova Nina
Published: March 2021

This article discusses topical issues of future speech therapists’ training in terms of a competence approach. Special attention is paid to formation of universal competences of future teachers in the field of intercultural collaboration. Current bachelor training curricula of specialized (speech pathology) education of speech therapy major 44.03.03 have been analyzed regarding formation of competences of future speech therapists in the field of intercultural communication. Efficient intercultural communication does not emerge spontaneously, it should be consistently developed. Modern life calls for mastering the skills of such communication. At present, special attention is paid to formation of universal competences in future speech pathologists, especially aimed at intercultural collaboration. It is believed that a speech therapist possessing such competences will be able to perceive cultural diversity of society in social, historical, and philosophical contexts. This article analyzes the experimental study of development level of future speech therapists’ general cultural competences. Junior and senior students from the Department of speech therapy, Institute of special education and psychology, Moscow City University took part in this research. The main experimental method was a survey of students. Particular attention was paid to the issues of formation of speech culture of speech therapists and the possibility to apply knowledge acquired during studies of a humanitarian module in professional activities of cultural and educational type. The main results of the analysis are a proven opportunity of updating theoretical knowledge of speech therapists in the field of intercultural communication acquired during studies of humanitarian, psychological, pedagogical and professional sections using interactive approaches to teacher activities.
Quality of life and everyday mobility of schoolchildren: what choice do Moscow parents make?
Authors: Nekhorosheva Elena , Alekseycheva Elena , Kravchenko Anastasia
Published: March 2021

The educational space of a contemporary metropolis is characterized by broad diversity. Often, the choice of an educational institution that best meets the needs of the child and family is made in favor of a school that is at a distance from home, and the development of transport infrastructure makes this choice easier. Studies of children’s daily mobility, the factors that determine them, and the quality of families’ involvement in moving around the city to get an education are becoming quite relevant. The goal of the present research is to assess the significance to families with children of different ages of choosing a school within remote or walking distance and to describe the difficulties faced by parents. Methods included the authorial questionnaire, a sample of 414 parents of children studying in one of the administrative districts of Moscow. The basic results of the study can be formulated as follows. The topic of everyday educational mobility in the views of parents is relevant and significant for the city; the convenience of the school location is a key factor of choice; mobility increases as children grow up, with enlargement of schools, and the implementation of the “Big city schools” project which increases intraschool mobility; the average travel time to school is about 10 minutes on foot; for families whose children study in remote accessibility, the most important are vital topics of safety for the children’s life and health, including lifestyle issues; developing programs for parents whose children walk to school, and families who use private vehicles requires a differentiated approach.
Specifics of diagnosing young children and counseling their families
Authors: Yugova Olesya , Prikhodko Oksana , Rykova Elena , Feklistova Sviatlana
Published: March 2021

The article justifies the need for early diagnosis of mental and physical developmental disorders in young children. The article describes the basic principles, approaches, and features of the psychological and pedagogical diagnosis of the development deviations in infants and young children. Recommendations for the tools and methods of the diagnosis of young children are given, based on the need to assess certain skills and functions. The main factors that influence the mental and physical state of young children are characterized. The article gives recommendations for the duration of the diagnostic procedure and basic requirements for the premises for conducting a psychological and pedagogical diagnosis of the development of children. The main methods and techniques, used in the diagnosis of young children, are presented. The authors of the article identify the problem of negative impacts of the social environment on the formation of a complex system of sensory receptor connections and the mental state of a child. The article describes the influence of the birth of a child with developmental disabilities on the family and the features of the emotional response to the diagnosis or medical report. The objectives and the characteristics of counseling parents of children with disabilities are given along with the content of the initial stages of counseling and support. The relevance of using online counseling for parents is also identified. The article describes the organizational model of work with the “child-parent” system and characterizes the main pedagogical conditions, which are the most favorable for the development of a child.
Integration of underage orphans in conflict with the law into society
Authors: Sagalaeva Evgenia , Ivahnenko Svetlana , Botasheva Leila
Published: March 2021

Among the many acute socio-psychological problems of our time, the integration of orphaned children into society is perhaps the most difficult and painful. This problem is reflected in the pages of the press, in news releases, it is constantly discussed in state and local government bodies at different levels. However, it is precisely orphanhood as a socio-psychological phenomenon that appeared not today, it existed and probably will always exist. The purpose of the study is to analyze the causes of conflict with the law of minor orphans and the possibilities of their integration into society. When working on this article, scientific research methods were used, such as the analysis of relevant scientific literature on the research problem, the sociological method, and the formal-logical method. The article deals with significant problems that prevent the integration of orphans into society, as well as the basics of innovative work with children in orphanages as a factor of their successful integration into society. The authors reveal the main directions of work with young people in conflict with the law, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of negative legal socialization of orphans as the main factor of illegal behavior of boarding school graduates, and substantiate the basic principles of building a model of integration of young people in conflict with the law. The scientific novelty of the work is manifested in the authors’ attempt to substantiate, based on the study of scientific literature, the relationship of social attitudes adopted in Russian society with the most constructive solution to the problem of orphanhood, including the need to assist orphaned children who have come into conflict with the law, primarily related to their psychological support.
Typology of schools operating in the Moscow Electronic School system based on the analysis of network indicators
Authors: Vachkova Svetlana , Petryaeva Elena , Patarakin Evgeny
Published: March 2021

Network analysis methods are actively used to research the behavior of digital repository users who utilize and create digital objects. At the same time, the research into the collective behavior of a group of participants who are members of the same school is much less common. The library of the Moscow Electronic School is a rather complicated system with multiple roles offered to users. The actors of the repository are teachers, students, parents, and publishers – anyone performing any actions with the objects. In this study, the school is seen as an actor performing actions with objects – lesson scenarios within the Moscow Electronic School repository of digital objects. Within the study, the authors compare the sociograms of schools that unite teachers and the scenarios created by the teachers and divide schools into factions based on network indicators in sociograms. The main method of presenting and analyzing data is network analysis and sociogram creation. The authors identify two types of networks: the network of single participant’s relationships and the network of relationships of teachers from a single school. The authors not only describe the data structure in the Moscow Electronic School system that records the digital trace of every individual and collective user but also create a digital map that reflects the dynamics of actions in the Moscow Electronic School system and identify the indicators that characterize the common activity of key participants. Moreover, the authors identify graph factions for schools that characterize the degree of interaction between teachers: disconnected groups, sparse graphs, crystallization centers, dense graphs.
Development of combinatorial abilities of students in the process of developing compositions of mathematical problems
Authors: Savenkov Aleksander , Romanova Marina , Bold Lkhamtseren
Published: March 2021

Well-developed combinatorial abilities are an essential component of the professionalism of a modern primary school teacher. The goal of the present study is to search for methodological techniques for lessons on the methods of teaching mathematics in primary school that would activate the interconnection of logical thinking and several non-cognitive abilities of teachers in training. Said interconnection is viewed as a means allowing diagnosing and developing the combinatorial abilities of future primary school teachers. The study implements testing methods with consecutive mathematical processing. Assessment of the non-cognitive factors (the level of general cultural development, general humanitarian training, characteristics of the microenvironment, the level of general psychosocial development, etc.) involved the methods assessing academic success and psychosocial development level, as well as expert assessment of the level of general cultural development. These data were compared with the level of development of pedagogical university students’ logical thinking determined through Raven’s Progressive Matrices. The forming stage of the study involved original methodological techniques used to stimulate university students’ interest in creating compositions of textual mathematical problems for primary school students. The proposed methodological solutions to the problems of the diagnostics and development of combinatorial thinking in future teachers understood as a combination of logical thinking and several non-cognitive factors have shown themselves to be effective. The development of compositions of textual mathematical problems for primary school students is an effective means of developing future teachers’ combinatorial abilities.
Digital socialization of students by means of educational media
Authors: Podbolotova Marina , Dmitrieva Valentina , Reznikova Ruslana , Grishaeva Yulia , Tkacheva and Zinaida
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of determining the factors of the effectiveness of digitalization of education, which is motivated by the unprecedented rapid transition of educational organizations to e-learning using distance educational technologies not only in Russia but also in most countries of the world. One of these factors is the level of digital socialization of all the participants of the educational process. Digital socialization is considered to be a feature of a new form of socialization of a modern person. The novelty of the research is in the determination of a set of key characteristics of educational media content that forms and develops digital competence, as well as increases the level of digital socialization of all the participants of the educational process. The study identifies the main ideas of an educational media project that has the following characteristics: it is “cognitive” and “congruent” (aimed at forming the information and media competence); it is “conative”, “constructive”, “conformal”, and “comic” (aimed at forming the communication competence); it is “creative” and “constructive” (aimed at forming the technical competence); finally, it is “conformal” (aimed at forming the consumer competence). Distance educational projects, which in practice acquire the identified characteristics, expand the functionality of educational media and their ability to influence children’s educational results.
Subacromial impingement by a lipoma arborescens
Authors: Elamin Mohamed , Yeluri Venkatramana , Khatir Hisham , O’Grady Paul , Bennani Fadel
Published: March 2021

Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is the leading cause of shoulder pain. A systemic approach for abnormal causes of SIS is recommended to avoid misdiagnosing rare or sinister pathologies. To our knowledge, only nine cases of subacromial lipoma arborescens associated with impingement syndrome have been reported in the literature. In this report, we briefly discuss histopathologic and radiological signs of an unusual case of impingement syndrome caused by subacromial “lipoma arborescens” and describe arthroscopic synovectomy after the failure of conservative management. The patient remains symptom-free five years after surgery.
Correction of humpback and DISI deformities by vascularized bone grafting in patients with scaphoid nonunion
Authors: Nagura Nana , Naito Kiyohito , Sugiyama Yoichi , Obata Hiroyuki , Goto Kenji , Kaneko Ayaka , Tomita Yoshimasa , Iwase Yoshiyuki , Kaneko Kazuo , Ishijima Muneaki
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Although vascularized bone grafting (VBG) using 1, 2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery (1, 2 ICSRA) is effective for scaphoid nonunion, dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) deformity persists even after correction of humpback deformity (HD). The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the correction of HD and DISI deformity after 1, 2 ICSRA VBG for scaphoid nonunion. Methods: We treated 18 patients (mean age: 25.8, 16 males and 2 females) with scaphoid nonunion using a 1, 2-ICSRA VBG between January 2010 and December 2018. The average time from injury to surgery was 20.0 (3–120) months. The nonunions were located at the waist in all patients. The correction of HD and DISI deformity was investigated on the preoperative images and images at the last examination. Results: In all patients, the correction of HD was positively correlated with that of DISI deformity. Moreover, we focused on the time from injury to surgery and evaluated changes in HD and DISI deformity according to the time to surgery. As a result, changes in HD and DISI deformity were positively correlated in patients with a shorter time to surgery but were not correlated when the time to surgery exceeded 5 months. Conclusions: These results suggest that DISI deformity can be corrected by correcting HD when the time from injury to surgery is short, but that correction is difficult if the time to surgery is prolonged.