bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some aspects of mechanical stability of centuries-old Pinus pinea L. trees growing in the Crimea
Authors: Kornienko Vladimir O. , Klimenko Nicolay I. , Pavlov Sergey I.
Published: February 2024

The paper considers the issues of assessing the mechanical stability and accident rate of the Italian pine, using the example of a 120 year-old tree growing in the conditions of the recreationally loaded territory of the A.P. Chekhov House-Museum in the city of Yalta, Republic of Crimea. It was found that the viability of the studied plant is 1 point – this is a healthy plant without damage to the trunk and crown. Biomechanical studies were carried out: the aboveground phytomass of the trunk of the tree under study and the main skeletal branches with needles were calculated, the physico-mechanical properties of tissues were determined and model calculations of the mechanical stability of the tree were performed. It was found that the dimensions of the main skeletal branches are separate independent trees, and the calculated weight is an additional static load on the trunk and under the action of a dynamic factor, which additionally reduces the critical load by ~ 20% and increases the accident rate of the entire tree. A large angle of inclination, taking into account the length of the branches, also increases the degree of accident. As a result, there is a shift in the center of mass and a tilt of the entire body with a high probability of falling out of the tree with the slab. To reduce the accident rate of a tree, it is necessary to trim the main branches and reduce the load on the trunk, taking into account the center of mass, and if it is impossible to carry out the necessary trimming, it is necessary to fix dangerous skeletal branches to metal structures.
Feeding conditions of the interspecific bumblebee association (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) in the central forest-steppe of the Omsk Region
Authors: Krainov Ivan V. , Sattarov Vener N.
Published: February 2024

This article reports that the main food plants of bumblebees of the interspecific association of the central forest-steppe of the Omsk Region during the period of flight activity (I decade of May – III decade of September) are 120 plant species from 30 families. Common and fairly common species predominate, which, under the condition of medium, high and superfroductivity, form the forage base. All rare, quite rare, very rare, as well as unproductive common and unproductive fairly common plant species perform a supporting function in the nutrition of bumblebees. At the beginning of the flight activity of bumblebees, low and medium-productive species predominate, then after the beginning of flowering of new species, highly and super-productive ones are included in the feed spectrum – there is a change in food conditions from unfavorable to favorable. During the main flight period, bumblebees feed or forage on 99 plant species, among which fairly ordinary medium-productive species predominate. Before the second decade of August, three peaks in the expansion of the food spectrum were revealed: in the third decade of May (by 15 species), in the second decade of June (by 31 species) and in the second decade of July (by 20 species). The exclusion of plants from the bumblebee diet occurs every decade. The greatest peaks were recorded in the II decade of July and in the III decade of August – by 21 species. Starting from the first decade of September, there is a change in food conditions from favorable to unfavorable. In general, the feed base of bumblebees of the interspecific association of the central forest-steppe of the Omsk Region has a stable character and allows to provide bumblebees with a sufficient volume of full-fledged feed.
Characteristics of the hairline of Japanese, German and Pomeranian Spitz
Authors: Nikonorova Anastasia R. , Blokhin Ivan G. , Blokhin Gennady I.
Published: February 2024

This study examines the structure of the fur of three breeds of Spitz dogs: Japanese, Pomeranian, and German. The purpose of the study is to characterize the fur of these dogs in a comparative aspect. For a long period, differences between the standards of these breeds were not approved, and to this day, many experts perceive Spitz varieties as a single breed. The results of this research can be used in practice by specialists in the field of cynology, grooming, and exhibition activities to evaluate the fur coat of representatives of the Pomeranian, German and Japanese Spitz breeds. After collecting samples and processing them, the highest indicators of curliness and comfort factor were observed in Japanese Spitz dogs. This breed had the highest comfort factor (92,4%), with longer guard hairs and undercoat compared to the other studied breeds (guard hairs – 6,22 cm, undercoat – 4,16 cm). German Spitz dogs had the thickest fibers (diameter – 22,7 microns), and the highest number of hairs (4554 hairs). The thinnest fibers were observed in Pomeranian Spitz dogs (diameter – 19 microns). It is worth noting that female Japanese Spitz dogs had more hair than males, while male German Spitz dogs had more hair than females. Also, the mean fiber diameter in male Japanese and Pomeranian Spitz dogs was higher than in females. In terms of average curliness, the hair of female Japanese Spitz dogs was more curly than in males, whereas male Pomeranian Spitz dogs had more curly hair than females.
On the issue of adaptive reactions of the blood system of competing species of turtles Emys orbicularis and Trachemys scripta (Emydidae)
Authors: Romanova Elena B. , Stolyarova Irina A. , Bakiev Andrey G. , Gorelov Roman A.
Published: February 2024

A comparative analysis of the leukocyte composition of the blood of Emys orbicularis and Trachemys scripta from the Samara Zoo was carried out. Statistically significant interspecies sex differences in the content of granulocytes (heterophiles, basophils and eosinophils) in the blood were established. The proportion of agranulocytes in the blood of both species was the same. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of species, sex, and their interaction on the leukocyte composition of the blood of turtles. At the same time, males of E. orbicularis differed from males of T. scripta by an increased content of heterophiles in the blood, and females differed from females by an increased content of heterophiles and a decreased content of basophils. An analysis of leukocyte indices revealed a more active component of the nonspecific natural resistance of the organism of E. orbicularis females compared to males and females of T. scripta. In captivity, E. orbicularis experienced greater stress relative to T. scripta, as evidenced by an increased value of the index of the ratio of heterophils and lymphocytes and a lower content of eosinophils. With an increase in body size, an increase in the relative content of lymphocytes in the blood of T. scripta females and an increase in stress resistance were noted, while in E. orbicularis such a specific immune reaction was not observed. We believe that the species-specific adaptive reaction of the blood system gives competitive advantages to the spreading exotic species T. scripta, which potentially threatens natural populations of E. orbicularis.
Assessment of the state of socio-ecological and economic systems using the desirability function (using the example of administrative-territorial units of the Nizhny Novgorod Region)
Authors: Sinyushkina Snezhana D. , Kalashnikov Ilya N. , Zaznobina Natalya I. , Bogomolova Elena S.
Published: February 2024

Any administrative-territorial unit is a system characterized by three main criteria – socio-demographic, environmental and economic. A generalized desirability function can be used to correctly compare disparate indicators that quantitatively reflect these directions. This article demonstrates the possibility of using the desirability function for a comprehensive assessment of the state of socio-ecological and economic systems on the example of administrative-territorial units of the Nizhny Novgorod Region for 2010–2020. The methodology involves determining the generalized desirability function according to socio-demographic, environmental, and economic parameters individually and as a whole. Based on the calculation of these indicators, a rating was compiled among the administrative-territorial units of the region and a general description of the complex state of the region was given. It was revealed that 98% of the studied objects belong to the two lower grades of the generalized desirability function out of a possible five. The paper examines the possible causes of the results obtained, examines the factors affecting the state of the socio-ecological and economic system in each of the areas separately. The dynamics of the values of the generalized desirability function during the studied decade was also analyzed. The results obtained reflect the need to increase the effectiveness of the measures taken to develop the administrative-territorial units of the region.
Multidisciplinary approach to the study of Neolithic pottery technology (based on the materials of the Luzhki II site)
Authors: Vasilyeva Irina N. , Somov Anatoly V. , Vasilieva Daria I. , Baranova Margarita N.
Published: February 2024

The excavations of a new Neolithic site in the Samara Volga region, conducted by archaeologists of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education in 2020–2023, yielded numerous ceramic materials, a comprehensive analysis of which is currently being conducted. The results of the technical and technological analysis of ceramics according to the method of A.A. Bobrinsky and the specifics of the geographical location of the Luzhki II site led to the appeal to more detailed methods of study. In addition to archaeological (morphological grouping of vessels, typology, technical and technological analysis of ceramics based on binocular microscopy, tracology and physical modeling), the methods of geology (petrography, X-ray phase analysis) and paleosolvology were used in the study. The results of the multidisciplinary approach to the study of Neolithic pottery technology are presented in this article. They suggested that a small site without stationary dwellings could be used as a seasonal place for making household utensils (in addition to the usual hunting and fishing activities). As a result of the technical and technological analysis of pottery ceramics of the Luzhki II site, a significant proximity of the pottery traditions of the population groups who left different ceramic complexes was revealed, which indicates the simultaneity of their existence in this area and active mixing processes. The archaization of the potters' ideas about plastic raw materials is noted – a return to more archaic methods: the share of the use of silt in the production of post-Yelshan ceramic complex lot is 82%; pricked – 75%; combed – 89%; «mixed» group – 83%. From the point of view of the historical and cultural approach, such a result could arise only because of the appearance in the southern Middle Volga of new groups of Neolithic population with archaic ideas about raw materials.
The Battle of Waterloo in the Duke of Wellington’s dispatch to the Earl of Bathurst: «confession» of an accidental winner
Authors: Egorov Alexander A.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of an important historical document – the Duke of Wellington’s dispatch to the State Secretary for War and Colonies of the United Kingdom Earl of Bathurst, June 19, 1815 (in English tradition it is usually called The Waterloo Dispatch) in which the Iron Duke presented his account of the Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815) which ended the long series of so-called Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, which lasted almost a quarter of a century. The author cites the opinions of Russian and foreign historians, who to one degree or another, tried to assess the Waterloo Dispatch, paying special attention to the characterization of this document by modern British researcher Andrew Roberts, given in his monograph «Napoleon and Wellington». Edith Saunders, who wrote a separate monograph on «Napoleon’s Hundred Days», categorically characterized the dispatch of the Iron Duke calling it «a joyful account of the battle». However based on the above mentioned assessments and based on his own analysis of the dispatch of June 19, the author came to the conclusion that the Waterloo Dispatch was an attempt to give an English interpretation of the events of the famous battle – a kind of «British Myth» and chronologically was predecessor to the «Napoleonic Myth» created by the defeated Emperor on the Island St. Helena about the fateful 19th century for Europe, battle.
Between Medicine and Revolution: towards the biography of Elena Nikolaevna Oshanina
Authors: Fedotova Anastasiya J.
Published: February 2024

Biographical research has been an integral part of historical science since its inception. However, as a rule, the most significant historical figures have always fallen into the sphere of interests of scientists. In post-Soviet historiography, biographies of people who are difficult to classify as outstanding figures began to appear more and more often. Despite this, through the analysis of their biographies, it is possible to trace how the inheritance of cultural traditions formed in different historical periods took place, the ways of assimilation of social, gender and other ideas, their transfers and influence on people's behavior in specific historical circumstances. The purpose of the article is to restore the biography of Elena Nikolaevna Oshanina (1874–1943), a physician by profession and a Socialist Revolutionary by party affiliation, based on unpublished archival documents from the central, local and personal archives, to identify her place in the revolutionary and women's social movement of the early twentieth century. A particular example of the biography makes it possible to understand how the process of formation of diverse and often layered identities of women of the late XIX – early XX centuries took place. As a result, it can be concluded that Elena Nikolaevna Oshanina's self-realization was in the field between two identities – professional and revolutionary, which were layered on top of each other, but both were very important for the heroine of this biography.
The Partisan Movement of Eastern Transbaikalia in the «White» periodical press (1919–1920)
Authors: Taskin Denis A.
Published: February 2024

This article examines the coverage in the White Guard press of events related to the actions of the partisans of Eastern Transbaikalia against the regime of ataman G.M. Semenov. The research was based on the issues of the newspaper «Zabaikalskaya Nov», published in Chita in 1919 and 1920, as well as the newspaper «Far East», published in Vladivostok. Many of the materials of these newspapers devoted to the actions of the East Trans-Baikal partisans are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. As a result of the analysis of newspaper publications, it was found that on the pages of these newspapers there are practically no pronounced propaganda materials directed against the actions of the partisans or their leaders. At the same time, the newspaper issues contain a large number of published reports reflecting the fighting of the Semenov troops against the partisans. A large amount of this data allows to trace the actions of the warring parties with high accuracy and is a good basis for further study of the Civil War in the territory of Transbaikalia. Of particular interest are publications devoted to the Bogdatsky Battle, the largest battle of the Civil War in Eastern Transbaikalia. These materials make it possible to reconstruct the details of the battle with high accuracy, significantly complementing the memoir sources available on this issue.
Zoning of the Siberian Region in the second half of the 1920s
Authors: Korzhenevsky Konstantin B.
Published: February 2024

The issues of formation and development of zoning of the Siberian Region in the second half of the 1920s, closely related to the national processes of economic and territorial reform of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, are considered. The evolution of the administrative-territorial system of the Siberian Region is analyzed: the formation of regions and districts through the liquidation of provinces, counties and volosts, the unbundling of village councils and the improvement of the administrative network in accordance with the economic and political challenges of that time. It shows the complexity and inconsistency of the ongoing zoning of the region, which required constant improvement of the administrative system through the development of various projects, discussions with the center and the actual implementation of planned changes on the ground. It is noted that, despite the positive developments in the improvement of the administrative-territorial system, in the end, the Siberian Region was divided into two independent subjects of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. It is concluded that the liquidation of the Siberian Region was closely related both to internal problems, namely, the cumbersomeness and weak efficiency of the administrative system of the region that existed in the second half of the 1920s in Siberia, and to national approaches to the zoning of the Soviet state, expressed in the unbundling of territories.
Unemployed vanguard: problems of employment of former workers of the CPSU apparatus (based on socio-political periodicals)
Authors: Mochalov Dmitrii P. , Nevzorova Inna V.
Published: February 2024

The article considers the problem of employment of the former party nomenclature of the CPSU as a political and social problem. The data of labor exchanges, which appeared in the public domain, materials of socio-political periodicals and a number of archival documents were involved. The legal basis for the dismissal of party cadres, strategies for finding a new social niche, the main points of social tension, as well as the opinions of contemporaries on this problem are considered. Attempts have been made to identify specific features of unemployment among party cadres, depending on age, position in the former party hierarchy. A separate problem was technical workers who were connected with the CPSU only by labor relations, but who also suffered from political decisions. It is concluded that the employment of former party workers was a political rather than a social problem, and despite the state's interest in neutralizing the political ambitions of the social stratum removed from power, the fundamental features of its former position gave rise to a number of problems, on the one hand, hindering normal employment, and on the other – leading to its close integration. in a new establishment, in a new, now economic role, which can also be seen as a destabilizing factor. It is concluded that the employment of former party workers was a political rather than a social problem, and despite the state's interest in neutralizing the political ambitions of the social stratum removed from power, the fundamental features of its former position gave rise to a number of problems. On the one hand, these peculiarities prevented the normal employment of a large part of this stratum, and on the other hand, led to the close integration of its minority into the new establishment, but now in a new, economic role.
On the pedagogical conditions of the humanization of modern domestic education
Authors: Vdovin Sergey A.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of humanization of the educational process in the conditions of Russian society. The views of scientists on the humanization of education are revealed, the analysis of which makes it possible to determine the pedagogical conditions for the humanization of modern domestic education. The position on the leading role of the personality of the teacher in the implementation of the humanization of the educational process in a particular educational institution and on the importance of the image of a model humanist teacher in the professional training of future teachers is substantiated. The possibility of considering the humanization of education in the context of the needs of the individual and from the perspective of the functions performed by the teacher, the relations between the subjects of the educational process, and values is argued. The role of the student’s personality in the humanization of the educational process is revealed. The correlation of humanization and humanitarization of education is shown, in which humanization acts as the goal of personality formation, and humanitarization as a means of achieving it. The possibilities of pedagogical reflection in the implementation of humanization of the educational process are outlined. The pedagogical conditions of the humanization of modern Russian education are substantiated: determining the content of education in a pedagogical university on the basis of scientifically based ideas about the personality of a humanist teacher; orientation of the educational process to meet the basic needs of the individual; the teacher’s implementation of moral values in relations with students, while simultaneously introducing such values to the students themselves; formation of the student’s personality as an active subject of the educational process; introducing students to the humanitarian culture of humanity; development and formation of the teacher’s ability to carry out pedagogical reflection according to the criterion of humanism.
Seismic Performance of Isolated Bridges Under Beyond Design Basis Shaking
Authors: Sepulveda Claudio , Bustamante Ricardo , Mosqueda Gilberto
Published: February 2024

Seismically isolated highway bridges are expected to provide limited service under a safety evaluation-level ground shaking with minimal to moderate damage. The behavior under shaking beyond design considerations, corresponding to a large return period seismic hazard, is not well understood and could induce significant damage. In these rare events, the seismic isolation system can be subjected to displacement demands beyond its design capacity, resulting in failure of the bearings, exceeding the clearance and pounding against the abutment backwalls, or damage propagating to other primary structural components. To better understand the seismic performance of simple highway bridges subjected to earthquakes beyond design considerations, this study simulates the response of a prototype bridge structure and examines the lateral displacement demands, the transfer of forces to the substructure, and potential failure modes of seismically isolated bridges. Advanced modeling approaches are considered to capture bearing characteristics, such as hardening at large strains, and a pounding macro-element to capture the effects of impact. Results show that for beyond design shaking, the bearings can reach the maximum shear strain capacity, significant residual deformation of the abutment can result from pounding, and the columns can experience moderate damage. The progression of damage is identified in an effort toward the development of models suitable for assessing the overall seismic risk, repairability, and downtime of seismically isolated bridges.
Politieke Integriteitsaffaires in Nederland: de jaarlijkse Index
Authors: Huberts Leo , Kaptein Muel , De Koning Bart , Eising Lotte
Published: February 2024

Political integrity scandals in the Netherlands: The annual Integrity Index

The integrity of politics and politicians plays a pivotal role in ensuring the quality of governance. Integrity is also an important value in societal discussions regarding that quality, as well as in research related to ‘good governance’. The public discourse concerning the integrity of politics often centers on the integrity scandals politicians are involved in. In academic research that topic is less prominent, which led to our research project in the Netherlands to gather data on integrity ‘scandals’. How frequently is the integrity of a politician publicly questioned, which political parties are implicated, and what types of integrity violations are mentioned? Since 2013, the Political Integrity Index project has been providing information about those topics. While this project has been covered in the Dutch media and in the journal Public Integrity, it has not been addressed in a Dutch scientific publication. This article provides an overview of the project, including a concise explanation of the conceptual framework and methodology employed. Additionally, it presents several new findings and offers some reflections on these findings. Given the relevance of political integrity scandals, it is hoped that the empirical information presented here will prove valuable for further research, not only in the Netherlands but also in other countries.
The Effect of Exchange Rate and Exchange Rate Uncertainty on Domestic Consumption in SAARC Member Countries from 2005 to 2020
Authors: Arshad Najibullah , Ahmadi Noruddin , Behrangi Farhad , Alavi Sayed Taleb , Ibrahimi Mustafa
Published: February 2024

The exchange rate and its uncertainty are the key economic variables that influence other macroeconomic variables through various channels. Domestic consumption will be influenced by the exchange rate and its uncertainty. This research investigates the impact of the exchange rate and its uncertainty on the private sector consumption of the member countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) from 2005 to 2020. The data has been extracted from the World Bank websites, the Asian Development Bank, and the Ministry of Finance of Afghanistan. The uncertainty of the exchange rate data has been extracted using the ARCH method, and the research model has been estimated using the GLS method. The research results indicate that the exchange rate and its uncertainty have a significant and positive effect on private-sector consumption. The positive relationship between the exchange rate and its uncertainty with consumption is consistent with the theory of currency pass-through. Additionally, the impact of income on domestic consumption is positive and statistically significant, while the impact of government consumption expenditure on private-sector consumption is negative and significant.
A Fine Balance as An Indian Politic Background Representation
Authors: Assi Hussein Ali
Published: February 2024

This paper is a fine representation of '' a fine balance a novel written by Rohinton Mistry a major Indian writer, written in 1995, that described the Indian people in the period between 1970 to 1984 and all the side effects of the bad political system carried in that era.
The project has been divided into an introduction containing a summary of the novel and a statement of the politics and the corruption of the government.
One chapter that divided into two topics, the first one concerned the novel and the second concerned with corruption and weak politics in a wide scope.
A conclusion that summarized the whole project in one paper that stated the idea of the writer.
Arriving at a tipping point for worldwide forest decline due to accelerating climatic change
Authors: Sáenz-Romero Cuauhtémoc
Published: February 2024

The 2023–2024 El Niño is inducing an acceleration of global warming that is likely to far exceed 1.5 °C. The Boreal summer of 2023 provided numerous examples of catastrophic forest fires (e.g., >18 million hectares of forest burned in Canada, making the Canadian forest a clear carbon source rather than a carbon sink), a trend that has been accompanied by worldwide examples of unusual tree mortality linked to hotter droughts. It is reasonable to expect that the warming induced by El Niño could push forests in several parts of the world over a tipping point, where they will hardly be able to recover their original state. It is therefore necessary to address the meaning, realistically, of sustainable forest management in the era of accelerated climatic change. The ultimate goal of the broadly accepted silvicultural practice of maintaining forests in a state that resembles what we recognize as temperate or boreal forests is becoming more of an idealistic dream rather than an attainable goal. Thus, the time has arrived to discuss painful forest management decisions, such as anticipated thinning to reduce water competition and the gradual replacement of native local forest populations with more drought-resistant provenances and species.
La imagen de la mujer y la naturaleza en la música vasca en las canciones de “Loretxoa” e “Itsasoa gara”
Authors: Valdes Maider
Published: February 2024

La imagen de la mujer y la naturaleza en la música vasca se enfoca en la visión ecocrítica del pueblo vasco presente en su cultura. En este caso, se analizarán para ello dos canciones vascas de la época contemporánea. Este trabajo ha surgido de una gran investigación, tanto por el aspecto ecocrítico como por el cultural. El análisis surge con intención de cubrir ese “vacío” que parece existir en la literatura europea con respecto a la visión ecocrítica de sus sociedades, utilizando la cultura vasca como base.
XIX. mendeko Ipar Euskal-Herriko biztanleria landatarraren irudi orokorra
Authors: Arcocha Mendinueta Elorri
Published: February 2024

Ipar Euskal-Herriko populazio landatarrarentzat XIX. mendearen bukaera garai aldakorra izan zen eta bi mundu sinbolikoen uztarketa gertatu zen. “Modernitateak” ez zuen kultura herrikoiak berezkoak zituen joerak eta baloreak desagerrarazi. Aitzitik, bi mundu sinboliko horien topaketa “negoziazio” baten moduan ulertu behar dugu, kultura herrikoiak prozesu horren barruan moldatzea lortu baitzuen. Halaber, populazio landatarra kanpotik zetozen pentsamolde berriei irekia zegoen. Lan honen helburu nagusia da, hain zuzen, landa-eremuko biztanleriak garai aldakor horiei aurre egiteko erabili zituen baliabideen irudi orokor bat eskaintzea.
Al servicio de la causa vasca. Biografía de F. J. Landaburu (1907-1963)
Authors: De la Granja José Luis
Published: February 2024

Reseña de 'Al servicio de la causa vasca. Biografía de F. J. Landaburu (1907-1963)', de Leyre Arrieta Alberdi
Menéndez Pelayo y la historiografía vasca
Authors: Vallejo del Campo José Alberto
Published: February 2024

La gran generación de humanistas alaveses del siglo XIX (historiadores, filólogos juristas, profesores…) mantuvo una estrecha relación de amistad y colaboración intelectual con el padre de la moderna historiografía española Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, que culminaría en el ingreso de los alaveses en la Reales Academias de España, y particularmente en la Real Academia de la Historia.
GWADAR DEEP SEAPORT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN CONTEXT OF BALOCHISTAN
Authors: BiBi Kousar , Alam Ayesha , Ahmed Bakhtiar
Published: February 2024

The paper “Gwadar Deep Seaport is an outstanding opportunity for the development of Balochistan” intricately explores the port's potential as a transformative force in Balochistan's development. The paper meticulously assesses a range of opportunities and challenges. It spotlights the port's economic benefits, driving trade and growth, while enhancing regional connectivity and strategic prowess.
Embedded within these opportunities are challenges dissected with precision. The paper rigorously evaluates security threats, accounting for terror risks and external influences. It navigates the complex interplay of Balochistan insurgency, topographical nuances, and weather vagaries, which could impact the port's voyage towards success.
For policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders alike, this study serves as a guiding compass, steering through the intertwined journey of Gwadar's potential and Balochistan's advancement. It intricately weaves the narrative of possibilities and hindrances, showcasing Gwadar Deep Seaport as an unparalleled avenue propelling Balochistan towards an era of remarkable development.
Assessment of Selected Trunk and Neck Muscle Activity in Children with Idiopathic Toe Walking
Authors: Wilk Iwona , Piwecki Marcin , Kassolik Krzysztof , Kurpas Donata
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Analyses related to idiopathic toe walking (ITW) are limited to the functioning of the lower-limb. It is recommended to broaden our understanding and consider other parts of the body in accordance with the principles of tensegrity.
Constructing a Hedonic Pricing Model for the Rental Market in Varna
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Todorova Svetlana
Published: February 2024

The aim of the research is to apply a hedonic pricing model to an apartment rental market in the city of Varna, Bulgaria. This widespread model has been used extensively in the various aspects of the rental markets. The sample size of the study is 59 apartments for rent offered on the market in “Chaika” living estate in the city of Varna, published online at “ALO.bg” as of September 1, 2023. We have chosen this specific date, because at that time the market is very brisk. On one hand, the demand of the apartments increases, because of the beginning of the school year, and on the other hand, this period coincides with seasonal layoff unemployment and seasonal labor moving out of the apartments, which they have been renting for the summer jobs. The results of the study explain above 90 percent of variation in rents in Varna, emphasizing the most important factors.
Female Expatriates’ Barriers – Myths and Reality
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Dimitrova Silviya
Published: February 2024

Sending expatriates on international assignments today continues to be a serious challenge for organizations. Alongside the growing need for overseas employees, women are still under-represented (or even discriminated) compared to men. And while both men and women are capable of performing the various aspects of international job, there are additional challenges for the latter. The article examines the main barriers for women to get an international assignment. Basic myths about the reluctance of women due to the presence of family and "dual careers", as well as objective reasons such as the "glass ceiling" in the organization, are discussed. At the end, possible ways to overcome the barriers are presented.
The Role of Biomass in Future Energy Security
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Nikolov Radmil
Published: February 2024

In the background of a developing energy crisis worldwide, and an economy powered mainly by fossil fuels, energy security is becoming increasingly important. In this regard, biomass can play an important role as an alternative source of energy for the production of fuels, heat or electricity. Uncovering the potential of biomass, as well as new methods to increase yield, is another step on the way to sustainable development and in the direction of mitigating the effects of climate change. The energy security of the planet and the economy should be built on a portfolio of renewable energy sources, and in this mix, biomass should find its rightful place. Bioenergy accounts for approximately one-tenth of the world's total primary energy supply today.
What is Happening to Bulgaria's Maritime Transport?
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Zhelyazkova Donka
Published: February 2024

This article examines the current state of maritime transport in Bulgaria with the idea of finding out what is happening in this segment of the transport market, given the serious impact on the dynamics of its development that environmental factors have had in recent years. The aim of the author is to trace the cargo turnover that passed through the Bulgarian seaports and to identify the changes occurring as a result of the pandemic and the subsequent military actions on the territory of Ukraine. The development of Bulgaria's maritime transport is associated with decision-making to cover the restoration of the fleet under the Bulgarian flag, the investment activity in the national port infrastructure and the stabilization of the geopolitical situation in the Black Sea region.
Comparative Analysis of the Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Intentions of Students from Some Majors at Varna University of Economics
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Petrov Ivan
Published: February 2024

The report presents the results of a survey among current students from several bachelor and master programs at the University of Economics Varna, focused on their entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions. The study is based on the theory of planned behavior. Entrepreneurial intentions are assessed based on the likelihood of owning their own business as well as in hypothesized situations - grant funding, unemployment, combining with raising children. „Entrepreneurial attitudes“ were assessed with 5 principal components related to an assessment of the degree to which the person is attracted to, ready for, and motivated for such a career. Attitudes about "subjective norms" were measured by the person's assessment of the reaction of those closest to him or her to the possible decision to become self-employed. Self-assessment by individuals of how successfully they could start and run their own business was used to examine „perceived behavioral control “.
Focus Strategy: Conceptual Basics and Sound Practice
Authors:   University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”, Ruse, Bulgaria, Mihaylova Lyudmila , Papazov Emil ,   University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: February 2024

The strategic management and competitive strategies have been discussed in variable forums and refer to infrastructural, marketing, financial and organizational issues. The idea has been to analyze and highlight some aspects of focus business strategy. The aim of the paper is to present and analyze the focus strategy in relation to the competitiveness of the companies, especially small and medium enterprises. The case study method is used. The characteristics and possibilities of the implementation of the focus strategy, the advantages it brings to the company, the conditions for its successful implementation, the benefits, and risks, as well as some mistakes that can be made in case of incorrect assessment of the market situation are presented.
Genetic evaluation of hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes for morpho-physiological traits and stripe rust resistance
Authors: SINGH JOGENDRA , KUMAR SUDHEER , GANGWAR O P , KUMAR DINESH , KUMAR LOKENDRA , LAL CHUNI , VERMA AJAY , MALIK REKHA , KHARUB A S , VERMA R P S , SINGH G P
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is gaining importance as a raw material for food industry due to its highly nutritive value. Non-availability of high yield and disease resistant varieties has restricted its production in marginal areas over the last two decades. Therefore, an experiment was conducted during 2017–18 and 2018–19 at the Seed and Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana to characterized 11 exotic hulless barley genotypes and 4 Indian barley cultivars for morpho-physiological characters and stripe rust resistance. Seedling resistant test for stripe rust was done at Regional Station (ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research), Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. Highly significant genotypic differences were found for morpho-physiological traits during analysis of variance. Genotype DWRNB28 showed a good combination of desirable traits, viz. early maturity (118 days), dwarf plant height (64.4 cm) and high 1000-grain weight (55.2 g). Maximum number of tillers per meter (149) was observed in DWRNB17. Genotype DWRNB25 was found resistant to maximum pathotypes (6S0, 7S0, and Q) at the seedling stage. DWRNB23 and DWRNB25 with pooled ACI=0 and ACI=0.04 respectively, were found immune to stripe rust in field conditions. These promising genotypes can be utilized as donor parents for the development of high-yielding and stripe-rust-resistant hulless barley varieties.
Combining ability of yellow maize (Zea mays) inbred lines for yield and agronomic traits
Authors: ISMAIL MOHAMMAD R , MOHAMED HANY A A , ABD-ELAZIZ MOHAMED A A , ABOYOUSEF HESHAM A
Published: February 2024

Present study was carried out during 2021 and 2022 at Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt to estimate combining ability effects of newly developed 8 yellow maize (Zea nays L.) inbred lines using diallel cross fashion. The 28 maize hybrids were obtained by half diallel crosses at Ismailia Research Station in 2021 and evaluated at 3 locations, viz. Ismailia, Sids and Sakha Research stations in 2022 for yield and agronomic traits. Experimental results revealed that crosses mean square was significant for all the studied traits. Similarly, general and specific combining ability were significant for all the traits. Parental line P8 considered to be an excellent combiner for all traits studied except for, number of days to 50% silking and number of rows characters. The hybrid P5 × P8 possessed desirable SCA effects for a great number of studied traits. Besides, it recorded the heighest mean value for grain yield (12.55 t/ha) plus lowest ear position. As result, this cross P5×P8 could be recommended for releasing after extensive evaluation.
Evaluation of packaging materials for enhancing the storage life of marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta)
Authors: KUMAR MYADAM NAVEEN , JAIN RITU , SINGH M C , TIWARI A K , SINGH BABITA , SETHI SHRUTI , SATHEE LEKSHMY , LAL KHAJANCHI , KUMAR AMRENDER , MADHAVI K
Published: February 2024

Among the various loose flower crops, marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) holds a prominent place among commercial crops. Its vibrant blooms are in high demand, but flowers are perishable, rendering them susceptible to significant post-harvest losses. Efforts to mitigate these losses will enhance the overall flower production, distribution to maximize its economic potential and to sustain valuable contribution for the industry. So, the present experiment on storage of marigold flowers was conducted during 2021 and 2022 at the ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi with an objective to improve the shelf life of flowers by using different packaging materials. The results revealed that in marigold var. Pusa Basanti Gainda, maximum shelf life, high carotenoid content, minimum ion leakage, physiological loss in weight and enzyme activity were achieved in flowers packed in shrink-wrap and stored under low-temperature (6±20C) conditions.
Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to varying levels of irrigation and nitrogen under trickle fertigation
Authors: SHARMA VIKAS , CHANGADE NITIN M , TARATE SURYAKANT B , YADAV B K
Published: February 2024

An experiment was conducted during 2022 and 2023 at Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab to study the response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to 3 irrigation levels [I1, 70%; I2, 85% and I3, 100% of IWR] and 3 nitrogen fertilization levels [N1, 70%; N2, 85% and N3, 100% of RDN] in split plot design. On individual effect basis, the fruit yield first increased with the increase in amount of applied irrigation water in I2 (95.6 t/ha) and then decreased in I3 (93.5 t/ha). Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was the highest in I2 (3.73 t/ha-cm). Plant growth, tomato yield and IWUE were significantly higher in N2 than that were found in N1 and N3. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) decreased with increasing nitrogen levels (N2 and N3) but it increased with increasing amount of water applied (I3). The treatments having deficit irrigation level as I1 and I2, significantly enhanced the lycopene content (27 to 33 µg/g) and reduced the nitrate content (74 to 95 mg/kg) in the fruit over full irrigation level I3. Nitrate content was highest in N3 (100 mg/kg). Among all the combination of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization levels the interaction of I2N2 (85% of IWR and RDN) was found the best to grow the drip-irrigated tomato crop. This combination gave optimum plant growth (87.5 cm), fruit yield (100 t/ha), IWUE (3.93 t/ha-cm), NUE (0.79 t/kg) and good quality fruit. The findings can be utilized for irrigation planning and nitrogen management in tomato cultivation and to conserve available fresh water resources in water scare regions of Punjab. In order to promote trickle fertigation at village level, the awareness programs for farmers could be conducted.
Maximizing productivity, profitability and water use efficiency in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) through hydrogel and salicylic acid
Authors: KUMAWAT PRIYANKA , RAM MANOHAR , KUMAR PANKAJ , KUMARI VARSHA , KHEDWAL RAJBIR SINGH
Published: February 2024

Addressing water scarcity in the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan presents a substantial challenge to improve the productivity of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]. The limited availability of water in these areas results in reduced yields of Indian mustard. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during rabi (winter) seasons of 2018–19, 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the research farm of Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan, to evaluate the impact of hydrogel and foliar application of salicylic acid on the growth, yield, economic returns and water use efficiency of Indian mustard. The results revealed that the application of hydrogel at a rate of 5.0 kg/ha, in combination with salicylic acid at a concentration of 200 ppm during the flowering and siliqua formation stages through foliar spray, had a significant and highly effective impact. This treatment displayed superior performance across a range of parameters, including growth characteristics, yield attributes, seed yield (1840 kg/ha), stover yield (3847 kg/ha), water use efficiency (8.53 kg/ha-mm), protein content (18.6%), oil content (39.13%), net returns (₹51,710/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.03). Furthermore, treatments involved 5.0 kg/ha of hydrogel in conjunction with 100 ppm of salicylic acid, as well as 2.5 kg/ha of hydrogel with 200 ppm of salicylic acid, produced similar results. The combined findings of this experiment endorse the application of hydrogel and salicylic acid as a sustainable and effective strategy for enhancing the productivity, profitability and water use efficiency of Indian mustard in the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan.
ОЦЕНКА ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ С ДЕЗАДАПТАЦИЕЙ
Authors: Салиев Абдуборий , Арзикулов Абдурайим
Published: February 2024

Целью нашей работы было изучение особенностей психоэмоциональных реакций у школьников с дезадаптационными нарушениями. Материалом и методом для исследования служили школьники с дезадаптационными нарушениями 7-11 (30 мальчиков и 32 девочек) и 12-17 (26 мальчиков и 24 девочек) лет. Исследования проводились с применением методики фрустрационной толерантности S. Rosenzweig. Результаты и обсуждения: Анализ полученных нами  результатов показывает на присутствие психоэмоциональных параллелей у всех детей с проявлениями дезадаптации. Степени реагирования и качество изменения психоэмоционального профиля зависят от возраста обследуемых. Выводы. У детей и подростков – школьников с реакциями дезадаптации выявляются характерные типы и направление эмоционального реагирования на фрустрацию; чаще проявляется экстрапунитивная (внешнеобвиняющая) и менее часто  импунитивная (уклоняющая ) направленность.
Telaah Berbuat Baik Dan Keharmonisan Dalam Pendidikan Islam Di PMDG Kampus 4 Banyuwangi
Authors: Faishal Busthomi
Published: February 2024

Doing good deeds, friendliness, harmony and an attitude of helping each other is a harmony that exists in the boarding school community. Although there are several differences in it, such as differences in ethnicity, race, language, and so on. The aim of the research is to explain the content of building good, friendly, mutually helpful attitudes and living in harmony with fellow humans and having a good relationship with God at Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Campus 4 Banyuwangi. This research uses field research methods with the research location at Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Campus 4 Banyuwangi and collects several journals, books, articles and related things to use as reference material. And for data analysis used is content analysis. And the results of the researchers' findings are: 1) The importance of building good relationships with Allah (Mu'amalah ma'a Allah), 2) The importance of building good relationships between people (Mu'amalah ma'a al-Annas) with a good, friendly personality, helping each other and living in harmony between humans.