bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotective Effects of Arjunolic Acid in LPS-Stimulated H9C2 and C2C12 Myotubes via My88-Dependent TLR4 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Madhavan Priya , Ahmad Noruddin Nur Adelina , Lau Wai Kwan , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin , Arya Aditya
Published: October 2022

Arjunolic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid saponin majorly found in the Terminalia arjuna and is claimed to exert the cardiovascular protective effects as a phytomedicine. However, it is unclear how AA exerts the effects at the molecular level. Hence, this study used an in vitro model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated H9C2 and C2C12 myotubes to investigate the cardioprotective effects of arjunolic acid (AA) via MyD88-dependant TLR4 downstream signaling markers expression. The myotubes were developed by differentiating rat H9C2 and mouse C2C12 myoblast cells. The MTT viability assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of AA. LPS induced in vitro cardiovascular disease model was developed in H9C2 and C2C12 myotubes. The treatment groups were designed such as control (untreated), LPS control, positive control (LPS+ pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)-25 µM), and treatment groups were co-treated with LPS and three doses of AA (50, 75, and 100 µM). The changes in the expression of TLR4 downstream signaling markers were evaluated through High Content Screening (HCS) and Western Blot (WB) analysis. The outcomes demonstrated that the expression of MyD88, MAPK, JNK, and NFκB markers were significantly upregulated in the LPS-treated groups compared to the untreated control. Evidently, the HCS analysis revealed that MyD88, NF-κB, p38, and JNK were significantly downregulated in the H9C2 myotube in the AA treated groups (50, 75, and 100 µM). For, the C2C12 myotube, the expression of NFκB was downregulated. TLR4 marker expression in H9C2 and C2C12 myotubes was subsequently decreased by AA treatment, suggesting possible cardioprotective effects of AA.
Tell me what you waste and I’ll tell you who you are. An eight-country comparison of consumers food waste related habits
Authors: Iori Elisa , Masotti Matteo , Falasconi Luca , Risso Enzo , Segrè Andrea , Vittuari Matteo
Published: October 2022

Starting from an original survey conducted in eight countries in 2021 (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Russia, Spain, UK, and USA), this research explores the relationship between household food waste and dietary habits in a cross-country comparative perspective. 8,000 questionnaires were recorded from samples representative of adult population of each country through an online survey conducted between the 13th and the 24th of August. The questionnaires were built on the work of Waste Watcher International Observatory on Food and Sustainability, an international observatory of social, behavioral and lifestyles dynamics behind household food waste. Relationship between per capita self-reported amount of food waste (expressed in kilocalories) and self-declared dietary habits (Traditional, Healthy and Sustainable, Vegetarian, Smart, Confused) was estimated using multiple linear regression models. Results show that Smart diets are associated with higher values of food waste in Canada, Spain, UK and USA. Vegetarian diets are associated to lower food waste values in China, Germany, UK and USA but not in Italy, Russia and Spain. Since the share of population adopting a Smart diet is on average 2.7% of the sample, interventions for food waste reduction should focus on this specific type of consumers, often associated to larger amounts of food waste.
Prototipe Sistem Kendali Otomatis Atap Jemuran Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Dhanial Achmad , Nugroho Arya Adhi , Rifan Muhammad
Published: October 2022

This research aims to design and make an Internet-based automatic roofing clothesline control system. This prototype uses 4 sensors namely rain sensor, light sensor (LDR), temperature and humidity sensor (DHT-22), and Limit Switch sensor. The output of this prototype is a Relay, Motor Driver, and DC motor. From the results of tests and measurements that have been done, it is showed that the prototype of the clothesline automatic control system works in accordance with the desired job description. The prototype of the clothesline automatic roof control system can protect clothesline from rain automatically and can dry clothes when it is humid and cold. The clothesline roof can also be monitored through the Blynk application.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat sistem kendali otomatis atap jemuran berbasis Internet of Things. Prototipe ini menggunakan 4 buah sensor  yaitu sensor hujan, sensor cahaya (LDR), sensor suhu dan kelembaban (DHT-22), dan sensor Limit Switch. Output dari prototipe ini adalah Relay, Driver Motor, dan motor DC. Dari hasil pengujian dan pengukuran yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa prototipe sistem kendali otomatis atap jemuran ini bekerja sesuai dengan deskripsi kerja yang diinginkan. Prototipe sistem kendali otomatis atap jemuran ini dapat melindungi jemuran dari hujan secara otomatis dan dapat mengeringkan pakaian saat keadaan lembab dan dingin. Atap jemuran juga dapat dimonitoring melalui aplikasi Blynk.
Experimentally Investigating Sand Particle Characteristics Under Annular Multiphase Flow Conditions Using a Triaxial Vibration Method
Authors: Wang Kai , Chang Ziang , Li Yichen , Qin Min , Wang Gang , Fu Guangming
Published: October 2022

Sand characterization in annular flows remains challenging for the efficient flow of water-bearing high-production gas wells. In this work, triaxial vibration methods were first developed to quantitatively characterize the sand transport behaviors on pipe walls. First, a series of methods were applied to calculate the time-frequency, noncoherent power, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and statistical features to characterize annular flow formation. Second, four sand conveyance patterns were distinguished from the annular flow with different triaxial time-frequency features. Third, the effects of the particle type (sand or glass), median size (150–550 μm), and superficial flow velocity of the gas (14–18 m/s) and liquid (0.0037–0.0114 m/s) on the vibration energy were evaluated. Finally, the established sand quantitative analysis model was verified and compared with existing methods. Corresponding experimental investigation results were used to identify the sand characteristic frequencies with low error rates for sand conveyance patterns of the forward liquid flow (28.2–34.6 kHz on the xyz-axis and 36.2–38.7 kHz on the xz-axis, with an error rate of 3.35%), reverse liquid flow (20.3–22.8 kHz on the xy-axis and 22.8–25.3 kHz on the z-axis, with an error rate of 2.93%), droplet nonwrapped flow in the gas core (40.5–43.5 kHz on the xyz-axis, with an error rate of 4.08%), and droplet wrapped flow in the gas core (46.2–48.7 kHz on the xyz-axis, with an error rate of 2.68%). Therefore, this study effectively complements the current sand characterization method for annular flows and provides a good foundation for the optimization of sand production monitoring in gas wells.
Population-Level Counterfactual Trend Modelling to Examine the Relationship Between Smoking Prevalence and E-Cigarette Use among US Adults
Authors: Foxon Floe , Selya Arielle , Gitchell Joe , Shiffman Saul
Published: October 2022

Background
Studies have suggested that some US adult smokers are switching away from smoking to e-cigarette use. Nationally representative data may reflect such changes in smoking by assessing trends in cigarette and e-cigarette prevalence. The objective of this study is to assess whether and how much smoking prevalence differs from expectations since the introduction of e-cigarettes.
Methods
Annual estimates of smoking and e-cigarette use in US adults varying in age, race/ethnicity, and sex were derived from the National Health Interview Survey. Regression models were fitted to smoking prevalence trends before e-cigarettes became widely available (1999–2009) and trends were extrapolated to 2019 (counterfactual model). Smoking prevalence discrepancies, defined as the difference between projected and actual smoking prevalence from 2010–2019, were calculated, to evaluate whether actual smoking prevalence differed from those expected from counterfactual projections. The correlation between smoking discrepancies and e-cigarette use prevalence was investigated.
Results
Actual overall smoking prevalence from 2010–2019 was significantly lower than counterfactual predictions. The discrepancy was significantly larger as e-cigarette use prevalence increased. In subgroup analyses, discrepancies in smoking prevalence were more pronounced for cohorts with greater e-cigarette use prevalence, namely adults ages 18–34, adult males, and non-Hispanic White adults.
Conclusions
Population-level data suggest that smoking prevalence has dropped faster than expected, in ways correlated with increased e-cigarette use. This population movement has potential public health implications.
Comparison of the analgesic effect of Ketamine and Midazolam with Apotel and Ketorolac in renal colic patients: a clinical trial
Authors: Bahrami Anvar , Zareie Bushra , Jabbari Latife , Zamanimehr Nahid , AzizKhani Leila
Published: October 2022

Background: This study aimed to determine the effect of the Ketamine and Midazolam combination and compare it with the Apotel and Ketorolac combination in pain management of patients with renal colic in the emergency section.
In this double-blind clinical trial study, 200 renal colic patients admitted to the ED with more than 8 NRS* (Numerical Rating Scale) of primary pain were divided into two groups by random blocking: one group received intravenous Ketamine (0.4 mg/kg), and intravenous Midazolam (at a dose of 0.016 mg/kg) and the other group received intravenous Ketorolac (30 mg) and intravenous Apotel (15 mg/kg). After that, we measured patients' pain at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 min after the procedure.
Results: 124 (62.0%) of 200 patients were men. Initial pain scores were 9(10-9) for Ketamine + Midazolam and 10(10-9) for Apotel + Ketorolac.Linear regression was performed to compare the two groups' adjusted pain scores, correcting for initial pain. The ultimate pain score increased by.392 units for each unit of starting pain. Group and time had significant effects (5.553, -.035, P=.001, respectively).
Apotel + Ketorolac had a higher mean pain score than Ketamine + Midazolam at all post-intervention time intervals. During the trial, both groups' discomfort decreased dramatically.
Conclusions: The combination of Ketamine and Midazolam was more effective than Apotel and Ketorolac in relieving the pain in renal colic. Therefore, if routine medications are contraindicated, a combination of Ketamine and Midazolam is recommended for pain control in patients with renal colic.
Trial registration: This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with IRCT registration number of IRCT20200422047163N1 (https://www.irct.ir/trial/47370) and registration date of 01/05/2020.
Former smoking as a risk factor for visual field progression in exfoliation glaucoma patients in Sweden
Authors: Ayala Marcelo
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The present study aimed to identify whetherformer smoking was a risk factor for visual field progression in exfoliation glaucoma patients.
Methods: Prospective nonrandomized cohort study. The study included patients diagnosed with exfoliation glaucoma. All included patients were followed for three years (± three months) with reliable visual fields. At least five reliable visual fields needed to be included in the study. Exfoliation glaucoma was defined using the European Glaucoma Society Guidelines. The visual fields were tested using the 24-2 test strategy of the Humphrey Field Analyzer. Smoking was assessed through questionnaires. Outcomes: Visual field progression. Three different approaches were used: difference in mean deviation (MD), rate of progression (ROP), and guided progression analysis (GPA).
Results: In total, n=113 patients were included; among them, n=57 were smokers. Smoking was a significant predictor for visual field progression in the three models (MD/ROP/GPA) studied (p=0.01/p=0.001/p≤0.001), even adjusting for intraocular pressure (IOP). Other predictors were includedin the MD model: IOP at diagnosis (p=0.04) and SLT treatment (p=0.01). Other predictors were in the ROP model: VFI (p=0.005), number of medications (p=0.001) and SLT treatment (p=0.001). Other predictors were in the GPA model: the number of medications (p=0.002).
Conclusions: Former smoking induced visual field deterioration in all of the models studied. Smoking status should be considered when establishing the glaucoma diagnosis. Increased glaucoma care should be provided to former smokers to slow the progression of the disease.
Degradation of odorous 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in chlorinated water by UV-LED/chlorination: Kinetics and influence factors
Authors: Zhang Yun-Lu , Lin Yi-Li , Zhang Tianyang , Lu Yong-Shan , Zhou Xiao-Yang , Liu Zhi , Zheng Zheng-Xiong , Xu Meng-Yuan , Xu Bin
Published: October 2022

2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA) has aroused a special concern for their odor problem and potential threats. In this study, the degradation of 2,4,6-TCA by UV/chlorination with different UV sources was compared, including low-pressure mercury lamp (LPUV, 254 nm) and ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED, 275 and 285 nm). The maximum removal of 2,4,6-TCA can be achieved by 275 nm UV-LED/chlorination in neutral and alkaline conditions was 80.0%. The reaction, kinetics and water matrix parameters on 2,4,6-TCA degradation were also evaluated. During UV-LED (275 nm)/chlorination, 2,4,6-TCA degradation was mainly caused by direct UV photolysis and indirect hydroxyl radical (HO•) oxidation, while reactive chlorine radicals (RCSs) had a negligible contribution. The second-order rate constant between HO• and 2,4,6-TCA was determined as 3.1×109 M-1s-1. Increasing initial chlorine dosage and decreasing 2,4,6-TCA concentration or pH value signiﬁcantly promoted 2,4,6-TCA degradation during UV/chlorination process. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) can inhibit 2,4,6-TCA degradation, while chloride ion (Cl-) had a negligible effect. The kinetic model for 2,4,6-TCA degradation was established and validated, and the degradation pathways were proposed based on the identified intermediates. Furthermore, UV-LED (275 nm)/chlorination also exhibited a promising effect on 2,4,6-TCA removal in real water, which can be used to control 2,4,6-TCA pollution and odor problems.
Vitamin D status in healthy Italian school-age children: a single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Galeazzi Tiziana , Quattrini Sara , Pjetraj Dorina , Gatti Simona , Monachesi Chiara , Franceschini Elisa , Marinelli Luisita , Catassi Giulia N. , Lionetti Elena , Catassi Carlo
Published: October 2022

(1) Background: Vitamin D is involved in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, although its extra-skeletal actions are also well-known. Low serum 25(OH)D levels are common both in adults and children worldwide.
(2) Methods: the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the distribution of 25(OH)D levels in a cohort of healthy Italian school-age children, aged 5-10 years, in relationship to determinants of vitamin D deficiency such as season, BMI, gender, age and ethnicity.
(3) Results: the mean serum 25(OH) D level was 28.2 ng/mL; the prevalence of 25(OH)D sufficiency (>30 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL), deficiency (10-20 ng/mL) and severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was 36%, 37%, 21% and 6% of the study-group population, respectively. The lower serum 25(OH)D values were observed during winter (21.6 ng/mL) and spring (22.9 ng/mL), as compared to summer (46.7 ng/mL) (p<0.001). Higher BMI z-scores were associated with lower 25(OH)D level while no statistical difference was observed as related to gender and age groups.
(4) Conclusions: healthy Italian schoolchildren show low 25(OH)D levels, particularly during winter and spring time. Seasonality, ethnicity and overweight/obesity were confirmed to influence the vitamin D status, thus indicating the need for effective initiatives to support adequate vitamin D status in this population group.
Intensive use and low-carbon development of industrial land under the Chinese decentralization: A case study in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Authors: Xu Hengzhou , Xu Wenbo , Li Xiaoyan , Han Jie , Han Chengji , Song Lifang
Published: October 2022

To achieve intensive use and low-carbon development of industrial land in China, it is important to coordinate the conflicts of interest among stakeholders in the process of land expropriation and utilization. However, the complex interaction mechanism and influencing factors among stakeholders make it difficult to achieve the goal under the Chinese decentralization and unique land development pattern. To solve these problems, this paper first analyzes the four main stakeholders’ conflicts of interest in the process of land expropriation and utilization, that is, the central government, local government, peasant, and enterprise. Then, we construct two evolutionary game models to examine the dynamic changes of stakeholders’ different strategies and take the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example to compare the impacts of factors on strategies under different conditions using simulation analysis. The research shows that under the Chinese decentralization, adjusting the action strengths of different stakeholders can have different effects on system equilibrium. In terms of the central government's reward and penalty, increasing the reward and penalty for local government will shorten the time of system equilibrium to a different degree, and there is little difference between the effects of political and economic penalties. Interestingly, increasing the incentives for peasants cannot promote the system equilibrium in advance. In addition, the key to local governments’ decision on illegal land expropriation lies in benefits rather than costs, and investment in low-carbon technology reform with positive externalities is easier to control than investment in economic production with negative externalities associated with pollution emissions.
Detection and Classification of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Vani K Suvarna , Hung Bui Thanh , Chakrabarti Prasun , S Siva Shankar , Chakrabarti Tulika , Elngar Ahmed A.
Published: October 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
WITHDRAWN: Vertical Electrical Sounding Technique as an Efficient and Rapid Tool for Groundwater Investigation in a Basaltic Environment at Kodana Station for the Shami goats Case Study from Southern Syria
Authors: Asfahani Jamal
Published: October 2022

Geoelectrical survey was conducted by using vertical electrical sounding technique (VES) with adapting Schlumberger configuration, to locate and drill a borehole for groundwater extraction in the Kodana station for the Shami goats, Southern Syria. An integrated approach is proposed to increase the efficacy of the VES technique and to reduce the uncertainties and the high failures in locating and drilling a successful groundwater borehole. The approach is essentially based on analyzing the Dar-Zarrouk parameters with constraining several conditions to obtain the optimum hydrogeophysical model. The 1D inversion quantitative interpretation of twelve VES sounding points and the Dar-Zarrouk parameters allowed the characterization of the study area in terms of depth and the Neogene pyroclastic basalt aquifer. The result showed that VES point (V6) has the optimum and favorable properties for drilling a successful borehole in the area. The V6 has GPS coordinates of E: 3589614, N: 3301961 and Z: 770m. The Neogene pyroclastic basalt aquifer at this V6 point is characterized by a thickness (h) of 217m, a resistivity (ρ) of 227Ω.m, a transverse resistance (R) of 49259Ω.m2, and an anisotropy parameter (λ) of 1.15. The advantages of the proposed approach are well proven and documented, in comparing with other techniques that require the combination of VES technique with other available geophysical technique. The VES technique within the proposed approach is therefore recommended to be easily applied for groundwater investigations, and locating the suitable positions for drilling boreholes in similar basaltic environments.
The moderating role of body image and BMI in the relationship between physical activity and internalizing problems during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Han Bing , Du Guoli , Yang Yashu , Chen Jiping , Sun Guoxiao
Published: October 2022

Background: Internalizing problems is a worldwide burden that is not being abated with our current knowledge and treatment of the condition. Numerous clinical trials have supported that physical activity (PA) can reduce the internalizing problems in adolescents , but little is known about its mechanism of action. Therefore, the study objectives were to explore the potential relationship between physical activity (PA) and internalizing problems (depression and anxiety) from the perspective of body image and body mass index (BMI), and to provide an important reference for future self-esteem education and health promotion intervention.
Methods: The participants in this study were 251 Chinese college students between 17 and 22 years old. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ), the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). A descriptive and correlational approach was used, using the PROCESS macro for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results: (1) Physical activity was significantly negatively correlated with both dimensions of internalizing problems (t = -0.237, p < 0.001; t = -0.193, p < 0.01). (2) Body image had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between physical activity and anxiety among college students, but there was no moderating effect between depression and physical activity. BMI has no moderating effect on the two interrelationships.
Conclusion: There is only body image that moderates the relationship between anxiety and physical activity.
The final countdown: Presence of an invasive mosquito extends time to predation for a native mosquito
Authors: Beckermann Alexis J , Medley Kim A , Adalsteinsson Solny A , Westby Katie
Published: October 2022

Larvae of the predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus consume arthropods within container habitats, including native Aedes triseriatus and invasive Aedes japonicus mosquitoes. Previous studies, which did not account for common habitat attributes such as habitat structure and predation cues, conflict on whether Ae. triseriatus and Ae. japonicus differ in their vulnerability to predation. We conducted two laboratory experiments to assess how habitat attributes modulate Tx. rutilus predation on Ae. triseriatus and Ae. japonicus. In experiment 1, we added fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) and assessed vulnerability for each species separately. Experiment 2 contained the following treatments: presence/absence of predation cues, presence/absence of habitat structure (FPOM and leaves) and three species combinations: Ae. triseriatus or Ae. japonicus alone, and both species together. We added one Tx. rutilus to feed in each microcosm for 24h (experiment 1 and 2) and until all prey were consumed (experiment 2 only). When reared alone, Ae. triseriatus had higher survival compared to Ae. japonicus in experiment 1 (71% vs. 52%) but there were no significant differences at 24 hours in experiment 2. When we followed the cohort to total predation, Ae. triseriatus had a lower daily survival rate compared to Ae. japonicus (hazard ratio 1.165) when the species were kept separately. When the species were mixed, however, Ae. japonicus was more vulnerable than Ae. triseriatus (hazard ratio 1.763), prolonging Ae. triseriatus time to total cohort predation. Both species were less likely to be consumed in the presence of predation cues. We detected no effect of habitat structure. These results demonstrate vulnerability is context dependent and the presence of an invasive congener can relax predation pressure on a native prey species when they co-occur in the same habitat.
Drug-loaded Microbubble Delivery System to Enhance PD-L1 Blockade Immunotherapy with Remodeling Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Zheng Jun , Huang Ju , Zhang Liang , Wang Mengna , Xu Lihong , Dou Xiaoyun , Leng Xiaojing , Fang Mingxiao , Sun Yang , wang zhigang
Published: October 2022

Background
Compared with the conventional tumor therapeutic modalities, immune checkpoint blockade (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1) immunotherapy demonstrates great promise in the treatment of metastatic cancers. Although PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy is applied to a variety of tumor types, only a small number of patients respond to this treatment. The efficacy of PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy is based on the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and the infiltration of T cells in tumor tissue. Herein, we reported a drug-loaded microbubble delivery system to enhance PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy.
Methods
Docetaxel (DTX) and imiquimod (R837)-loaded microbubbles (RD@MBs) were synthesized via a typical rotary evaporation method combined with mechanical oscillation. the targeted release of drugs was achieved by using the directional "bursting" capability of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technology. The antitumor immune response by RD@MBs combining αPD-L1 were evaluated on 4T1 and CT26 tumor models.
Results
The dying tumor cells induced by DTX release TAAs, together with R837, promote the activation, proliferation and recruitment of T cells. Besides, DTX upregulates the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells, induces the polarization of M2-phenotype tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to M1-phenotype, and reduces the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Also, R837 exhibits satisfactory copolarization effects on TAMs, which synergizes with DTX to alleviate immunosuppression. The RD@MBs + αPD-L1 synergistic therapy not only effectively inhibited the growth of primary tumors, but also significantly inhibited the mimic distant tumors as well as lung metastases.
Conclusion
PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy was enhanced by RD@MBs delivery system.
Antarctic ice stream thickening under Pliocene warmth
Authors: Braga Martim Mas e , Jones Richard Selwyn , Bernales Jorge , Andersen Jane , Fredin Ola , Morlighem Mathieu , Koester Alexandria , Lifton Nathaniel , Harbor Jon , Suganuma Yusuke , Glasser Neil , Rogozhina Irina , Stroeven Arjen
Published: October 2022

Ice streams regulate most ice mass loss in Antarctica. Determining their response to Pliocene warmth could provide insights into their future behaviour, but is hindered by poor representation of subglacial topography in ice-sheet models. We address this limitation using a high-resolution regional model for Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica). We show that the region’s largest ice stream, Jutulstraumen, thickens by 700 m under warm late-Pliocene conditions despite ice-shelf collapse and a retrograde bed slope, while nearby ice streams thin. While it is known that unstable retreat on a retrograde slope can be slowed under certain conditions, this finding illustrates that an ice stream can thicken and gain mass. We attribute thickening to high lateral stresses at its flux gate, which constrict ice drainage. Similar stress balances occur today in 27% of East Antarctica, and understanding how lateral stresses regulate ice-stream discharge is necessary for accurately assessing Antarctica’s sea-level rise contribution.
Time Series Single-Cell Transcriptional Atlases Reveal Cell Fate Differentiation Driven by Light in Arabidopsis Seedlings
Authors: He Hang , Deng Xing Wang , Han Xue , Zhang Yilin , Lou Zhiying , Li Jian , Gao Chunlei , Liu Yi , Li Bosheng , Pan Wenbo , Zhang Huawei
Published: October 2022

Light serves as the energy source as well as a signal for plant growth and development during their whole life cycle. Seedling de-etiolation is the most dramatic manifestation of light-regulated plant development processes, as massive reprogramming of the plant transcriptome occurs. Although there were organ-specific development and genome expression studies reported, there still lack a systematic analysis of cell type specific differentiation and the associated genome transcriptional regulation. Here, we obtained single-cell transcriptional atlases for etiolated, de-etiolating and light-grown Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) whole seedlings. These atlases comprised 31,796 and 61,065 informative cells from shoot and root tissues, respectively, that were clustered and annotated as 48 different cell types. Although key transcription factors underlying photomorphogenesis such as HY5/HYH and PIF1,5 were found to be universally induced by light in all the evaluated cell types, one-third (12,447) of all the genes showed preferential spatiotemporal expression during de-etiolation. Different development occurred in respective cell types in pifq mutants, leading to photomorphogensis-like epidermal cells and skotomorphogenesis-like mesophyll cells. With the determination of comprehensive developmental trajectories, light modulation of cell fate differentiation during hook opening, guard cell specialization, and vasculature development have been demonstrated. A series of cell type-specific developmental factors modulated by light were identified, revealing strikingly different light-induced switches in their respective cell types. Our results provide information concerning the light signaling networks at the cell-type resolution, improving our understanding of how light regulates plant development at the cell-type and genome-wide levels. The learned information could serve as a valuable resource for comprehensively investigating molecular mechanism of cell development and differentiation in response to light.
Influencing Factors of Community Residents' Pro-environmental Behavior in East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve under the Policy Intervention
Authors: Tang Xianglong , Yuan Jianqiong , Zeng Xitong
Published: October 2022

In the study of protected areas, the " Fences & fines " approach is increasingly becoming acknowledged as obsolete and ineffectual, and there is mounting evidence suggesting that the "Community-based conservation" approach is acquiring consideration. It is significant to identify which protection model or factors perform a definitive part in China. Taking the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve in China as a survey site, this paper utilizes a random sampling method to interview 431 households to investigate the relationship between legal system, ecological compensation, environmental education, community participation, concessions, livelihoods, job provision, intrinsic motivation and pro-environmental behavior. The regression results declare that intrinsic motivation and legal system are the most effective factors impacting on pro-environmental behavior; concessions has a critical adverse consequence on pro-environmental behavior; ecological compensation, community participation, environmental education, livelihoods, and job provision had insignificant positive impacts on pro-environmental behavior. Further mediating effects analysis and SEM model construction indicated that intrinsic motivation mediates between legal system and pro-environmental behavior of community residents, legal system promotes pro-environmental behavior by promoting intrinsic motivation, which is more effective than legal system promoting pro-environmental behavior directly. This demonstrates that in communal protected areas, long-term strict legal constraints can shape community residents' positive attitude towards conservation and pro-environmental behavior, and appropriate "community-based conservation" approaches can mitigate conflicts between special groups represented by hunters and protected areas. With the combination of these two approaches, the management of protected areas can be successful. This supplies a valuable real-world case for the current debate on biodiversity conservation.
Chaotic Slime Mould Inspired Hybrid Optimizer Approach for Day Ahead Generation Scheduling Problem
Authors: Bhadoria Ashutosh , Marwaha Sanjay
Published: October 2022

In the world of optimization algorithms, hybrid algorithms are gaining more and more popularity, in this paper, novel hybrid algorithm is proposed to solve generation scheduling problem by using Chaotic Slime mould optimization algorithm (CSMA) and seagull optimization algorithm (SOA). Generation scheduling problem is one of the most challenging problem of modern power system due to its combinatorial nature and non-linear constraints. The proposed optimizer is initially tested for various CEC2017 benchmark problems for its effective analysis and in the next stage, the proposed optimizer has been applied to solve generation scheduling problem. The proposed method works in three steps: first, the CSMA-SOA solves the unit commitment problem while ignoring the various constraints. Second, previous solutions are forced to agree with unavoidable constraints using a heuristic constraints repair mechanism; finally, the proposed method is used to establish the most cost-effective solution in giving timeframe. This study further investigate solar energy. Solar irradiance is thought to have a stochastic nature and adhere to Beta PDF. The performance of hybrid optimizers has been tested on a wide range of units. The results clearly show that the proposed optimizer performs much better than other well-known heuristics, meta-heuristics and hybrid optimizers.
UQCRFS1 serves as a biomarker of poor prognosis and promotes ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Sun Qiran , Li Jiaqi , Ding Jiashan , Li Yuan , Dong Hao , Zhan Jiao , Xiong Xiaoming , He Linsheng , Wang Jing
Published: October 2022

Background
UQCRFS1 is a crucial subunit of mitochondrial compound III, which mediates the mitochondrial electron transfer process. Although the gene has been reported to be highly expressed in gastric and breast cancer, the prognosis and biological functions of UQCRFS1 in ovarian cancer have not been evaluated.
Methods
UQCRFS1 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used for validation. The effect of prognosis was investigated based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The correlation with tumor-related signature was evaluated based on c-BioPortal database. Knockdown cell lines were further constructed to verify the biological effect of this gene. Total and phosphorylated levels of AKT and mTOR were analysed by western blotting.
Results
GEPIA and HAP analysis revealed that UQCRFS1 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer compared with normal tissues, which was associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry also confirmed this finding. Correlation analysis showed that UQCRFS1 overexpression was positively correlated with cycle and oxidative phosphorylation signature, and negatively correlated with apoptosis and DNA damage. Functional analysis showed that UQCRFS1 knockdown resulted in attenuated ovarian cancer cell proliferation, increased G1 phase, and increased apoptosis rate. In addition, mRNA expression of DNA damage genes increased, ROS levels increased, and total AKT and mTOR levels and phosphorylation levels decreased.
Conclusions
UQCRFS1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. UQCRFS1 affects ovarian cell survival by affecting proliferation, cell cycle, DNA damage and ROS levels, which may be attributed to the AKT/mTOR pathway.
Completion of Four or More ANC Visits Among Women of Reproductive Age in a Rural District in Uganda: A Quantitative Study on the Role of Service-Level Factors
Authors: Muhirwe Lorna Barungi
Published: October 2022

Uganda is one of 24 countries in the world where 70% of global maternal deaths occur. Evidence indicates that antenatal care (ANC) has both indirect and direct effects on maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality reduction. In Uganda, the ANC attendance rate stands at 97.3% for one visit, but 59.9% for four or more visits. The aim of this quantitative study was to assess service- level factors affecting completion of ANC attendance defined by completion of four or more visits among women of reproductive age in a rural district in Uganda to contribute to design of patient-centered ANC services. Facility assessment scores on the service-level factors of interest for health facilities were obtained using a service level index tool. The relationship between the ANC completion rates of clients sampled from records at the health facilities and facility scores on service-level factors of interest were analyzed. Regression was conducted to determine the predictive relationship between ANC service availability, ANC service content, and ANC
service organization, and completion of ANC attendance. The model was statistically significant, χ2 (6) = 26.118, p ˂ 0.05, and accounted for approximately 17.3% of the variance of ANC attendance completion (R2 = .173). Completion of ANC attendance was primarily predicted by better timing of provision of ANC services, and to a lesser extent by higher levels of availability of medicines and medical supplies. This study demonstrated that service-level factors have a predictive value for completion of ANC attendance. The findings can be used to improve availability, content, and organization of ANC services with the aim of enhancing positive experiences for clients and motivating them to complete the recommended number of ANC visits.
Experimental modelling of compact Double-GasChamber Hydro-Pneumatic Strut considering gas temperature and heat transfer
Authors: Li Ruihong , Yang Fan , Lin Dezhao , Zhang Weiqiang
Published: October 2022

The gas relationship is one of the important inherent characteristics of the Hydro-Pneumatic Strut (HPS) system, which will affect the gas/oil pressure distribution and then system output characteristic. The ideal gas law utilized by most researchers in the modelling of HPS structure cannot well describe the gas characteristics, such as the hysteresis and other nonlinear phenomena, and then the dynamic properties of the HPS system. The compacted Double-Gas-Chamber Hydro-Pneumatic Strut (DHPS) system consists of double gas chambers combined in the strut, and then dynamic properties of the strut are much more sensitive to the gas relationship as the heat generated in the working condition is directly transferred to the gas chambers without buffer through the hydraulic media comparing to the HPS system with external gas chamber(s) arrangement. In this study, the Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) equation with the heat transfer equation considering the variation of air contact area has been established and utilized to describe the gas properties of two gas chambers in the designed compact DHPS. It has been shown that the coefficient of determinations (R2) between the experimental data and model estimated result of the gas pressure in two chambers were both above 0.989. Besides, the dynamic properties of the compacted DHPS have been established based on the established gas relationship combined with the friction model, orifice damping force and inertial properties of both floating pistons. Good agreement can be found from the comparison of the dynamic properties of the designed compacted DHPS between the experimental data and the model estimation result. Through extensive numerical analysis, it has been shown that the necessity of the established gas model, the effect of orifices damping and friction forces, and slight effect of the inertial force of the floating pistons, to the dynamic properties of the compacted DHPS system.
Looking for hypoxia-fingerprint in multiple myeloma and malignant melanoma patients' transcriptomic data using a binominal distribution model
Authors: Kocemba-Pilarczyk Kinga A. , Leskiewicz Katarzyna , Trojan Sonia , Piwowar Monika
Published: October 2022

Background/aim:
Reduced partial oxygen pressure is a characteristic feature of many cancers. HIF-1 transcription factor, activated under hypoxic conditions, alters the gene expression profile, triggering genes, which facilitate the survival of cells in oxygen diminished environment. Importantly, the HIF-1 signaling pathway itself has been considered a potential target of anti-cancer therapy since inhibition of this pathway may significantly slow down tumor growth.
Materials and methods
Initially, using the in vitro hypoxic conditions we determined the set of hypoxia target genes forming the hypoxia signature for Malignant Melanoma and Multiple Myeloma cells. Subsequently, the expression profile of selected genes was tested on patients’ transcriptomic data sets using binominal distribution model.
Results
Based on in vitro experiment we determined the 12 hypoxia target genes forming the hypoxia signature for Malignant Melanoma and 12 hypoxia target genes for Multiple Myeloma. Importantly, 9 genes out of 12 were common for both neoplasms. The analysis of expression distribution for selected genes revealed that in Multiple Myeloma the distribution pattern follows the theoretical binominal distribution model, opposite to Malignant Melanoma, where groups of patients with high probability of active or non-active HIF-1 signaling were apparently visible.
Conclusion
Our analysis clearly indicates that the probability of HIF-1 pathway activation can be assessed using binominal distribution model for the selected genes forming the hypoxia signature. The model developed based on two studied neoplasms expeditiously verifies the subgroups with high and/or low probability of HIF-1 signaling in a given transcriptomic data set and allows for assessing the probability of hypoxia pathway activation or any other active signaling in tumors, at the level of individual patients.
Assessment of landslide hazards in Miocene Basins based on Modified Frequency Ratio and Limit Equilibrium models: A case study in Aomar Miocene basin, Bouira, Algeria
Authors: Nassim HALLAL , Hamai Lamine , Hamidatou Mouloud , Lamali Atmane , YELLES-CHAOUCHE Abdelkrim , Medjnoun Amal
Published: October 2022

The Neogene basins are well known for their high susceptibility to landslides. This feature is mainly favoured by the lithological nature of the filling materials and slope morphology. This study proposes a combined frequency ratio and limits equilibrium methodology to perform a regional analysis of slope stability in the Neogene basin of Aomar Ben Haroun (Bouira, Algeria). For this purpose, different work steps have been conducted. Initially, the field site selection was made according to the surface geology underlying ground motion and the extent of landslide events. Subsequently, the landslide survey was built on existing studies and on high-resolution aerial photography and satellite imagery analysis, as well as on detailed fieldwork involving mapping and compilation of triggering factors. Besides, the evaluation of the landslide susceptibility around the study area was performed using the frequency ratio (FR) in the GIS environment. Note that the geotechnical characterization of each formation was determined from the physical and mechanical parameters of recent and old geotechnical studies carried out in the region. Moreover, the determination of the​​ landslide-prone areas with a characteristic stability factor for each slope was then computed using a two-dimensional limit equilibrium model. Thanks to the provided results, the classes of slopes that are characterized by parting surfaces susceptible to landslides are clearly defined. The result maps of the Aomar Miocene basin were categorized into low, moderate and high susceptibility classes. We have then been able to validate the obtained results by each used method. In the case of the inventory and susceptibility maps, we have also compared the two results based on the results of the area under the curve (AUC). For the frequency ratio (FR) and Limit Equilibrium (LE) models, the AUC are (83.23%) and (89.25%) respectively, which are indicating good and very good accuracy in the identification of landslide susceptibility zones of a basin and can be used in land use planning. In conclusion, this methodology highlights the fact that the landslides susceptibility map, which is obtained using the limit equilibrium model, was significantly more reliable and consistent than the susceptibility map completed by the frequency ratio model after field verification.
Magnitude of common mental disorders and associated factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care visits in North Wollo Public Health Facilities, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Dessie Amanuel Addisu , Tenaw Lebeza Alemu , Arage Mulugeta Wodaje , Demeke Solomon Moges , Melese Amare Alemu , Bantie Getasew Mulat
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Mental health disorders during pregnancy are of public health concern because of the implications for the mother and child's health. Mental health issues during pregnancy must, therefore, be diagnosed and addressed. And interventions to improve maternal mental health during pregnancy are critical preventive strategies against adverse health and developmental outcomes in newborns and children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of common maternal mental disorders and associated factors among pregnant women in North Wollo, Northwest Ethiopia.
Objective: The study aimed to assess the magnitude of common mental disorders and associated factors among pregnant women in North Wollo, 2022
Method: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in North Wollo zone public health facilities from February to April 2022. A total of 777 samples were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Women were assessed for the risk of common mental disorders using a pretested, structured, self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 software and analyzed using R version 4.0 software. Descriptive statistics were computed. A simple logistic regression model was fit to identify the association and strength of exploratory variables and common mental disorders at a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05.
Results: The study revealed that the prevalence of common mental disorders during pregnancy was 18.1% (95%CI: 15.5, 21.0). Educational status of participants (AOR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.48), husband educational status (AOR=11.13, 95%: 4.18, 29.66), unplanned pregnancy (AOR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.26, 5.09), self-reported complication on the current pregnancy (AOR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.21), self-reported complication during the previous delivery (AOR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.39, 8.18), nutritional status (AOR=2.19, 95%: 1.26, 3.81), psychosocial risk (AOR=20.55, 95% CI: 9.69, 43.59), legal problem (AOR=2.06, 95%: 1.12, 3.79) and relationship problem (AOR=7.22, 95% CI: 3.59, 14.53) were showed statistical significant association.
Conclusions: The prevalence of common mental disorders among pregnant women was high. Educational status of the participants and their spouse, unplanned pregnancy, self-reported complication during current pregnancy and previous delivery, nutritional status, psychosocial risk, and legal and relationship problem were the main determinants of CMD.