bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tandem Repeats of the Catt Element of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Gene May Predict Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Severity
Authors: Aslani S. , Hossein-Nezhad A. , Mirzaei K. , Maghbooli Z. , Asgarabad S.N. , Karimi F.
Published: January 2017

Previous investigations have demonstrated the association of the CATT repeated allele in the Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with obesity and diabetes. Since there are common risk factors and molecular pathways in Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), we focused on the associations of MIF variation with GDM. In a case-control study we enrolled 157 GDM and 217 healthy pregnant women, referred to the outpatient clinic of Shariati Hospital. The different repeats of CATT in MIF promoter were determined. MIF relative gene expression was evaluated in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all the participants. The GDM group had higher mean age and pre-gravid BMI. Also fasting serum glucose, insulin and MIF gene expression were significantly higher in the GDM patients. The statistically significant difference was observed between GDM and a healthy group in carrying 7-CATT allele and MIF gene expression. Regarding GDM risk factors, MIF 7-CATT allele showed significant relation with pre-pregnancy obesity, as well as the need for insulin therapy. Our results indicate that an association between MIF genotypes and its expression with GDM, obesity and the need of insulin for management of GDM patients exists.
Sample size calculation in survival trials accounting for time-varying relationship between noncompliance and risk of outcome event
Authors: Li Bingbing , Grambsch Patricia
Published: January 2017

Background Most methods of sample size calculations for survival trials adjust the estimated outcome event rates for noncompliance based on the assumption that non-compliance is independent of the risk of the outcome event although there has been published evidence that noncompliers are often at a higher risk than compliers. More recent work has started to consider the situations of informative noncompliance and different risks for noncompliers. However, the possibility of a time-varying association between noncompliance and risk has been ignored. Our analysis indicated a strong time-varying relationship between noncompliance defined as permanent discontinuation of study treatments and risk of the outcome event in the CONVINCE trial.

Purpose The purpose of this research is to develop methods for the log-rank sample size calculations for two-arm clinical trials that allow for the relationship between risk and noncompliance to vary over time and to study how sample size requirements vary with different patterns of the time relationship.

Methods The method developed takes Lakatos’ Markov chain approach as a basis, modifying it to incorporate time dynamics, and emphasizing permanent discontinuation of study medication as the form of noncompliance to be considered.

Results Results with our method show that sample size depends on the relative rates of noncompliance in the two arms, the hazard for the outcome event following non-compliance, whether it involves switching to the hazard of the opposite arm or is common to both arms, and whether noncompliance occurs early or late in the trial. These factors interact with each other in complex ways, precluding simple summaries.

Limitations This research focuses on two-arm clinical trials with time to event as primary outcome measure. The method developed is not directly applicable to trials with more complicated designs and/or trials with other types of primary outcome.

Conclusions The pattern of the relationship between noncompliance and risk can have a dramatic impact on the sample size and power calculations in survival studies. The method introduced provides a useful tool for investigators to explore the optimal sample size accounting for various dynamic associations between noncompliance and risk.
Measuring Affective Reactions Induced by Social Campaigns: Complementarity and Convergence of Iconic and Verbal Measures
Authors: Derbaix Christian , Poncin Ingrid , Droulers Olivier , Roullet Bernard
Published: January 2017

This research note demonstrates the complementarity and convergence of verbal and iconic measurement scales of affective reactions induced by commercials, to explain the Attitude toward the ad (Aad). Our results illustrate that using two measurement tools instead of only one provides a statistically superior explanation of Aad. When Aad was measured iconically, it was very well explained (R2 > 0.80) by affective reactions measured both verbally and iconically. Practical implications are highlighted and priorities for future research are outlined.
The class I scavenger receptor CD163 promotes internalization of ADAMTS13 by macrophages
Authors: Verbij Fabian C. , Sorvillo Nicoletta , Kaijen Paul H. P. , Hrdinova Johana , Peyron Ivan , Fijnheer Rob , ten Brinke Anja , Meijer Alexander B. , van Alphen Floris P. J. , van den Berg Timo K. , Graversen Jonas J. H. , Moestrup Soren K. , Voorberg Jan
Published: January 2017

Internalization of ADAMTS13 by macrophages may contribute to its clearance from the circulation. Here we investigated endocytic mechanisms that contribute to the uptake of ADAMTS13 by macrophages. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were used to monitor the uptake of fluorescently labeled recombinant ADAMTS13 by flow cytometry. Internalization of ADAMTS13 was blocked upon addition of the cell-permeable dynamin inhibitor dynasore. Partial blocking of ADAMTS13 uptake was observed by using mannan; however, uptake was not affected by an antibody that blocked binding to the macrophage mannose receptor CD206, which suggests that other endocytic receptors contribute to the internalization of ADAMTS13 by macrophages. A pull-down with ADAMTS13 and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis identified the class I scavenger receptor CD163 as a candidate receptor for ADAMTS13. Blocking experiments with monoclonal anti-CD163 antibody EDHu-1 resulted in decreased ADAMTS13 internalization by macrophages. Pronounced inhibition of ADAMTS13 uptake by EDHu-1 was observed in CD163 high-expressing macrophages. In agreement with these findings, CD163-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells were capable of rapidly internalizing ADAMTS13. Surface plasmon resonance revealed binding of ADAMTS13 to scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains 1-9 and 1-5 of CD163. Taken together, our data identify CD163 as a major endocytic receptor for ADAMTS13 on macrophages.
Vascular mapping of the retroauricular skin – proposal for a posterior superior surgical incision for transcutaneous bone-conduction hearing implants
Authors: Perenyi Adam , Bere Zsofia , Jarabin Janos , Sztano Balazs , Kukla Edit , Bikhazi Ziad , Tiszlavicz Laszlo , Toth Ferenc , Kiss Jozsef Geza , Rovo Laszlo
Published: January 2017

Background

Passive transcutaneous osseointegrated hearing implant systems have become increasingly popular more recently. The area over the implant is vulnerable due to vibration and pressure from the externally worn sound processor. Good perfusion and neural integrity has the potential to reduce complications. The authors’ objective was to determine the ideal surgical exposure to maintain perfusion and neural integrity and decrease surgical time as a result of reduced bleeding.

Methods

The vascular anatomy of the temporal-parietal soft tissue was examined in a total of 50 subjects. Imaging diagnostics included magnetic resonance angiography in 12 and Doppler ultrasound in 25 healthy subjects to reveal the arterial network. Cadaver dissection of 13 subjects formed the control group. The prevalence of the arteries were statistically analyzed with sector analysis in the surgically relevant area.

Results

The main arterial branches of this region could be well identified with each method. Statistical analysis showed that the arterial pattern was similar in all subjects. The prevalence of major arteries is low in the upper posterior area though large in proximity to the auricle region.

Conclusions

Diverse methods indicate the advantages of a posterior superior incision because the major arteries and nerves are at less risk of damage and best preserved. Although injury to these structures is rare, when it occurs, the distal flow is compromised and the peri-implant area is left intact. Hand-held Doppler is efficient and cost-effective in finding the best position for incision, if necessary, in subjects with a history of surgical stress to the retroauricular skin.

Trial registration

This was a non-interventional study.
High-quality draft genome sequence of Rhizobium mesoamericanum strain STM6155, a Mimosa pudica microsymbiont from New Caledonia
Authors: Klonowska Agnieszka , López-López Aline , Moulin Lionel , Ardley Julie , Gollagher Margaret , Marinova Dora , Tian Rui , Huntemann Marcel , Reddy T.B.K. , Varghese Neha , Woyke Tanja , Markowitz Victor , Ivanova Natalia , Seshadri Rekha , Baeshen Mohamed N. , Baeshen Nabih A. , Kyrpides Nikos , Reeve Wayne
Published: January 2017

Rhizobium mesoamericanum STM6155 (INSCD = ATYY01000000) is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as an effective nitrogen fixing microsymbiont of the legume Mimosa pudica L.. STM6155 was isolated in 2009 from a nodule of the trap host M. pudica grown in nickel-rich soil collected near Mont Dore, New Caledonia. R. mesoamericanum STM6155 was selected as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) genome sequencing project. Here we describe the symbiotic properties of R. mesoamericanum STM6155, together with its genome sequence information and annotation. The 6,927,906 bp high-quality draft genome is arranged into 147 scaffolds of 152 contigs containing 6855 protein-coding genes and 71 RNA-only encoding genes. Strain STM6155 forms an ANI clique (ID 2435) with the sequenced R. mesoamericanum strain STM3625, and the nodulation genes are highly conserved in these strains and the type strain of Rhizobium grahamii CCGE501T. Within the STM6155 genome, we have identified a chr chromate efflux gene cluster of six genes arranged into two putative operons and we postulate that this cluster is important for the survival of STM6155 in ultramafic soils containing high concentrations of chromate.
High-throughput analysis reveals novel maternal germline RNAs crucial for primordial germ cell preservation and proper migration
Authors: Owens Dawn A. , Butler Amanda M. , Aguero Tristan H. , Newman Karen M. , Van Booven Derek , King Mary Lou
Published: January 2017

During oogenesis, hundreds of maternal RNAs are selectively localized to the animal or vegetal pole, including determinants of somatic and germline fates. Although microarray analysis has identified localized determinants, it is not comprehensive and is limited to known transcripts. Here, we utilized high-throughput RNA-sequencing analysis to comprehensively interrogate animal and vegetal pole RNAs in the fully grown Xenopus laevis oocyte. We identified 411 (198 annotated) and 27 (15 annotated) enriched mRNAs at the vegetal and animal pole, respectively. Ninety were novel mRNAs over 4-fold enriched at the vegetal pole and six were over 10-fold enriched at the animal pole. Unlike mRNAs, microRNAs were not asymmetrically distributed. Whole-mount in situ hybridization confirmed that all 17 selected mRNAs were localized. Biological function and network analysis of vegetally enriched transcripts identified protein-modifying enzymes, receptors, ligands, RNA-binding proteins, transcription factors and co-factors with five defining hubs linking 47 genes in a network. Initial functional studies of maternal vegetally localized mRNAs show that sox7 plays a novel and important role in primordial germ cell (PGC) development and that ephrinB1 (efnb1) is required for proper PGC migration. We propose potential pathways operating at the vegetal pole that highlight where future investigations might be most fruitful.
Basal filopodia and vascular mechanical stress organize fibronectin into pillars bridging the mesoderm-endoderm gap
Authors: Sato Yuki , Nagatoshi Kei , Hamano Ayumi , Imamura Yuko , Huss David , Uchida Seiichi , Lansford Rusty
Published: January 2017

Cells may exchange information with other cells and tissues by exerting forces on the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectin (FN) is an important ECM component that forms fibrils through cell contacts and creates directionally biased geometry. Here, we demonstrate that FN is deposited as pillars between widely separated germ layers, namely the somitic mesoderm and the endoderm, in quail embryos. Alongside the FN pillars, long filopodia protrude from the basal surfaces of somite epithelial cells. Loss-of-function of Ena/VASP, α5β1-integrins or talin in the somitic cells abolished the FN pillars, indicating that FN pillar formation is dependent on the basal filopodia through these molecules. The basal filopodia and FN pillars are also necessary for proper somite morphogenesis. We identified a new mechanism contributing to FN pillar formation by focusing on cyclic expansion of adjacent dorsal aorta. Maintenance of the directional alignment of the FN pillars depends on pulsatile blood flow through the dorsal aortae. These results suggest that the FN pillars are specifically established through filopodia-mediated and pulsating force-related mechanisms.
Brassinosteroid signaling directs formative cell divisions and protophloem differentiation in Arabidopsis root meristems
Authors: Kang Yeon Hee , Breda Alice , Hardtke Christian S.
Published: January 2017

Brassinosteroids (BRs) trigger an intracellular signaling cascade through its receptors BR INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1), BRI1-LIKE 1 (BRL1) and BRL3. Recent studies suggest that BR-independent inputs related to vascular differentiation, for instance root protophloem development, modulate downstream BR signaling components. Here, we report that protophloem sieve element differentiation is indeed impaired in bri1 brl1 brl3 mutants, although this effect might not be mediated by canonical downstream BR signaling components. We also found that their small meristem size is entirely explained by reduced cell elongation, which is, however, accompanied by supernumerary formative cell divisions in the radial dimension. Thus, reduced cell expansion in conjunction with growth retardation, because of the need to accommodate supernumerary formative divisions, can account for the overall short root phenotype of BR signaling mutants. Tissue-specific re-addition of BRI1 activity partially rescued subsets of these defects through partly cell-autonomous, partly non-cell-autonomous effects. However, protophloem-specific BRI1 expression essentially rescued all major bri1 brl1 brl3 root meristem phenotypes. Our data suggest that BR perception in the protophloem is sufficient to systemically convey BR action in the root meristem context.
Mitochondria Initiate and Regulate Sarcopenia
Authors: Alway Stephen E. , Mohamed Junaith S. , Myers Matthew J.
Published: January 2017

We present the hypothesis that an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria initiates a signaling cascade leading to motor neuron and muscle fiber death and culminating in sarcopenia. Interactions between neural and muscle cells that contain dysfunctional mitochondria exacerbate sarcopenia. Preventing sarcopenia will require identifying mitochondrial sources of dysfunction that are reversible.
A MOTIVAÇÃO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UM ESTUDO COM ALUNOS DOS CURSOS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO E DIREITO
Authors: Silva Thalita Lima Ferreira da , Mascarenhas Iago Pessoa , Medeiros Caio Pinheiro de , Sousa Ellen Campos
Published: January 2017

A motivação do aluno é um dos componentes essenciais para a aprendizagem. De acordo com a teoria de autodeterminação, essa motivação pode ser intrínseca e extrínseca e a ausência dela gera a desmotivação. O objetivo deste trabalho é: identificar a motivação para aprendizagem dos discentes de Administração e Direito de um Centro Universitário em Fortaleza-Ce e as possíveis diferenças em razão dos cursos, turnos e semestres dos alunos. Para se chegar ao resultado, realizou- se uma pesquisa quantitativa, tendo como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário adaptado e validado para o Ensino Superior por Sobral (2003). A escala utilizada trabalha os constructos de motivação intrínseca, extrínseca e desmotivação. A amostra resultou em 105 questionários válidos. A análise dos dados mostrou que os alunos dos dois cursos estão motivados por fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos, havendo diferença entre os turnos no curso de Administração.
OPORTUNIDADE DE NEGÓCIO QUE VEM DO LIXO: CASO BRANCA RECICLÁVEIS
Authors: Gadelha Fernanda Raquel , Andrade Raphael de Jesus Campos de , Weersma Laodicéia Amorim
Published: January 2017

Este é um Caso de Ensino sobre a Branca Recicláveis, uma empresa cearense cujas atividades principais são a compra e a venda de resíduos sólidos para reciclagem. Trata-se de um segmento regulamentado pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, que estabelece responsabilidades compartilhadas entre fabricantes, importadores, distribuidores, comerciantes, consumidores e poder público pelo ciclo de vida dos produtos. Duas abordagens tratam da relação entre a regulamentação ambiental e a firma. A primeira destaca a existência de um trade-off entre os benefícios sociais decorrentes de uma maior preservação ambiental e a elevação dos custos privados do setor produtivo, a elevação de preços e a resultante redução da competitividade. A segunda flexibiliza esse trade-off e argumenta que as firmas podem responder às restrições decorrentes da regulamentação ambiental com inovações, melhorando a competitividade. O fato é que o modelo de produção contemporâneo não coincide com os limites ambientais do planeta. Talvez por isso, o mercado de recicláveis, marginalizado por lidar com o que é considerado inservível e por empregar mão de obra desqualificada e socialmente vulnerável, tem se desenvolvido nos últimos anos, gerando valor para toda a cadeia produtiva. Quais,então, as experiências e características da Branca Recicláveis e como ela se diferencia e inova (ou não) em um mercado regulamentado, em expansão, hipercompetitivo e associado a condições extremas?
NOVOS FORMATOS ORGANIZACIONAIS NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA: O CASO DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES MILITARES PRESTADORAS DE SERVIÇO
Authors: Quintal Renato Santiago , Santos Ma. Fátima Bandeira dos , Santana Esdras Carlos de , Santos Jorge Luiz Tesch , Santos Marcos Dos
Published: January 2017

O objetivo do artigo é examinar a sistemática de Organizações Militares Prestadoras de Serviço (OMPS) e propor ações para o aperfeiçoamento do modelo de gestão dessas Organizações, de forma a contornar os óbices que inviabilizam a autonomia prevista na Lei nº 9.724/1998, considerando o contexto de ampliação qualitativa e quantitativa dos meios navais e aeronavais e as necessidades advindas da formulação da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa. A presente pesquisa classifica-se como qualitativa, exploratória, bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso. As conclusões contidas neste artigo se condicionam à premissa de preservar e aperfeiçoar a contabilidade de custos das OMPS e atendem ao propósito de buscar modelos de gestão alternativos para essas Organizações, como uma resposta à não concretização da autonomia de gestão prevista na Lei nº 9.724/1998. Este estudo apresenta limitações associadas ao fato de o resultado da pesquisa estar adstrito exclusivamente à sistemática estudada, sendo impossível a sua generalização irrestrita.
CONCEITO SOBRE ESTRATÉGIA: A PERCEPÇÃO DE PROFISSIONAIS VERSUS A VISÃO DE AUTORES CONSAGRADOS
Authors: Azevedo Mário José , Souza Elnivan Moreira de , Barros Neto José De Paula
Published: January 2017

O tema desenvolvido neste trabalho tem como eixo central a comparação entre o conhecimento tácito e o teórico acerca do que seja estratégia, a fim de observar como se dá a evolução ou mudança de pensamento do pesquisado com relação ao que expõem alguns autores consagrados. Para tanto, alunos da disciplina Estratégia Empresarial, do Mestrado Profissional em Administração de uma universidade pública do Ceará foram submetidos, no início da disciplina, a uma avaliação composta por uma questão aberta, por meio da qual deveriam expor suas opiniões a respeito do significado do conceito de estratégia. Ao final da referida disciplina, outra avaliação foi aplicada, contendo a mesma questão aberta, com o intuito de avaliar o grau de conhecimento adquirido sobre os conceitos de estratégia após a apresentação e discussão de textos referentes ao tema. De posse do material coletado, procedeu-se a uma análise de conteúdo, apoiada pelo software Sphinx Léxica-V5, a fim de se obterem dados que auxiliassem na interpretação e compreensão das opiniões formuladas pelos alunos. A partir desses dados, pode-se estabelecer um comparativo entre os momentos distintos da coleta dos depoimentos e, assim, observar a evolução ou mudança de pensamento do aluno durante o curso. Ademais, comparam-se, também, as definições apresentadas com aquelas expostas por alguns autores consagrados na literatura especializada (conhecimento teórico), caracterizando-se, assim, como uma pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfico- documental e qualitativa. Como resultado, percebeu-se, uma preferência dos alunos pelas escolas prescritivas nos dois momentos, com ênfase na escola de planejamento.
O PAPEL DO TRANSPORTE NA LOGÍSTICA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE UMA EMPRESA DE TORREFAÇÃO E MOAGEM EM EUSÉBIO – CEARÁ
Authors: Costa Larisse Oliveira
Published: January 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel do transporte na logística de distribuição e os custos relacionados ao setor de logística, principalmente com foco no papel do transporte em relação a esses custos. Para esta pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura abordando a logistica, a Supply Chain Management, bem como as operações de distribuição física e transportes. por meio de um estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa de torrefação e moagem de café, o resultado da pesquisa confirmou que o setor de transporte tem uma participação relativa para o setor de logística. A partir do estudo de caso, foi sugerido para a empresa que fosse feito um gerenciamento mais rigoroso com atenção  maior nos indicadores da logística, e que, se fossem bem gerenciados, poderiam ser fatores com o potencial de minimizar os custos do transporte na distribuição.
A PERCEPÇÃO DE CONSUMO SUSTENTÁVEL ENTRE CONSUMIDORES
Authors: Nascimento Weslley Sales , Alvarenga Rafaella Alves Medeiros , Vale Alyne Oliveira do , Montenegro Rebeca Maria Bruno
Published: January 2017

Esta pesquisa buscou explanar a importância do consumo para que se consiga alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os principais conceitos de sustentabilidade e do comportamento do consumidor. O estudo é direcionado pela seguinte questão-problema: Qual a percepção dos consumidores universitários sobre o consumo sustentável? O objetivo geral deste estudo consiste em investigar qual a percepção dos consumidores universitários sobre o consumo sustentável. Como metodologia, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo junto a consumidores de uma determinada Instituição de Ensino Superior localizada em Fortaleza-CE, aplicando-se um questionário baseado na pesquisa survey. A pesquisa foi realizada com 149 consumidores matriculados na IES em questão. Os dados coletados foram confrontados com a teoria para desenvolvimento da análise dos resultados. Ao final deste estudo, foi possível constatar que os consumidores questionados, quase em sua totalidade, sabem o significado de sustentabilidade e se preocupa com o futuro do planeta. Porém, maior parte deles praticam ações de consumo sustentável ainda de uma forma bastante tímida, muitos ainda não buscam mudar hábitos, a fim de se ter um posicionamento de consumo sustentável.
A LOGÍSTICA DENTRO DA CONSTRUÇÃO ENXUTA: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA CONSTRUTORA DE FORTALEZA
Authors: Amorim Andriele Pinto de , Costa Larisse Oliveira
Published: January 2017

Dentro da abordagem da gestão de cadeia de suprimentos, este artigo abordará por meio de um estudo de caso sobre uma construtora de Fortaleza, como filosofias como o Just in time podem estar relacionadas com a eficiência logística em empresas de diversos setores. Por meio da descrição de práticas relacionadas à implantação de ferramentas de racionalização de estoque e otimização de processos construtivos fica evidente como as empresas têm obtido resultados da migração do pensamento tradicional para um novo olhar sobre as atividades produtivas, inclusive a logística.
Saatesõna – Preface
Authors: Treikelder Anu , Laanemets Anu , Tenjes Silvi
Published: January 2017

Saatesõna – Preface
The elementary foundations of formal analysis
Authors: Yarkho Boris
Published: January 2017

The elementary foundations of formal analysis
“Czech Theory”, Czech semiotics
Authors: Velmezova Ekaterina
Published: January 2017

Review of Česká teorie: Tendence moderní české sémiotiky, by Vít Gvoždiak. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2016. 370 pp.
Executive Suite Independence: Is It Related to Board Independence?
Authors: Kim E. Han , Lu Yao
Published: January 2017

The executive suite and the board are closely bound to each other through their fiduciary responsibility to the same shareholders. With chief executive officers’ (CEOs) prominent role in both governing bodies, their independence from CEOs’ self-serving behavior might be related to each other. We explore the interdependence using an external shock increasing board independence. The shock weakens executive suite independence by increasing CEO connectedness within executive suites through appointments and preexisting social ties. We also uncover interesting dynamics between the two governing bodies: (1) the spillover does not occur when treated firms increase CEO-independent director social ties, suggesting CEO-executive connections and CEO-director connections are substitutes; (2) consistent with theories of board independence, when an information environment calls for dependent boards, increasing CEO-executive connections, which helps negate the shock effect on the board, has positive marginal effects on firm performance. Our findings are not driven by the Sarbanes–Oxley Act and are robust to a battery of other tests. We conclude that independence in the board and executive suite are inversely related; inferring the overall independence from board independence alone can be highly misleading.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2603 .

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Caring for the elderly horse or pony
Authors: Watson Rebecca
Published: January 2017

Rebecca Watson discusses some of the more common issues encountered by owners
Power and culture in emerging medical technology policymaking: the case of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in Canada
Authors: Wyndham-West Michelle , Wiktorowicz Mary , Tsasis Peter
Published: January 2017

This article captures how scientific uncertainty is negotiated and its implications on public health policy. Through the case study of the Human Papillomavirus vaccine in Canada, we investigated how policymakers engage in ‘sensemaking’, the process whereby policymakers mediate shifting informational terrain to come to an understanding of what events and information mean, how they become significant and how they are acted upon. Key informant interviews reveal that policymakers make decisions amidst uncertainty by invoking public health cultural ideologies and by actively managing interactions with the manufacturer. This reflects a non-linear dispositif that is influenced by the co-production of culture and power.
Efficacy of Peer Support Arrangements to Increase Peer Interaction and AAC Use
Authors: Biggs Elizabeth E. , Carter Erik W. , Gustafson Jenny
Published: January 2017

Supporting interaction in inclusive settings between students with complex communication needs (CCN) and their peers requires careful planning and support. We used a multiple-probe-across-participants design to investigate the efficacy of collaborative planning and peer support arrangements to increase peer interaction in inclusive classrooms. Participants were four middle school students with CCN who had an intellectual disability and used an iPad with Proloquo2Go as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Educational teams comprised of a special educator, general educator, paraprofessional, and speech-language pathologist participated in collaborative planning for the intervention. For all four students, the intervention substantially increased communication to and from their peers. AAC use increased for one student. We offer implications for research and practice on supporting social interaction in general education settings.
Abortion Incidence and Service Availability In the United States, 2014
Authors: Jones Rachel K. , Jerman Jenna
Published: January 2017

CONTEXT

National and state‐level information about abortion incidence can help inform policies and programs intended to reduce levels of unintended pregnancy.

METHODS

In 2015–2016, all U.S. facilities known or expected to have provided abortion services in 2013 or 2014 were surveyed. Data on the number of abortions were combined with population data to estimate national and state‐level abortion rates. The number of abortion‐providing facilities and changes since a similar 2011 survey were also assessed. The number and type of new abortion restrictions were examined in the states that had experienced the largest proportionate changes in clinics providing abortion services.

RESULTS

In 2014, an estimated 926,200 abortions were performed in the United States, 12% fewer than in 2011; the 2014 abortion rate was 14.6 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44, representing a 14% decline over this period. The number of clinics providing abortions declined 6% between 2011 and 2014, and declines were steepest in the Midwest (22%) and the South (13%). Early medication abortions accounted for 31% of nonhospital abortions, up from 24% in 2011. Most states that experienced the largest proportionate declines in the number of clinics providing abortions had enacted one or more new restrictions during the study period, but reductions were not always associated with declines in abortion incidence.

CONCLUSIONS

The relationship between abortion access, as measured by the number of clinics, and abortion rates is not straightforward. Further research is needed to understand the decline in abortion incidence.
Bone fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Yalochkina Tatiana Olegovna , Belaya Janna Evgen'evna , Rozhinskaya Lyudmila Yakovlevna , Antsiferov Michail Borisovich , Dzeranova Larisa Konstantinovna , Melnichenko Galina Afanas'evna
Published: January 2017

Aim. To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for low-traumatic fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methods. We questioned 214 patients with T2DM from a single outpatient clinic located in Moscow to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for low-traumatic fractures, the duration of and complications from TD2M and HbA1c levels.Results. Of 214 patients, 65 reported low-traumatic bone fractures. Patients with a history of low-traumatic fractures reported falls in the previous year (28%), whereas only 13% of patients without fractures reported falls. The difference was statistically significant, with an odds ratio of 2.34 (1,14–4,76), P=0,022. Men reported fractures more frequently than women (43.3% vs. 24.7%, respectively, P = 0.01). Patients with bone fractures had a lower body mass index (P = 0.022); however, a multivariate analysis revealed that a history of falls and male sex were the most significant risk factors for fracture.Conclusion. Around 30% of patients with T2DM from a Moscow outpatient clinic reported bone fractures. The most significant risk factors for fracture were a history of falls in the previous year and male sex.
Myocardial revascularization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An overview of modern techniques
Authors: Golukhova Elena Zelikovna , Kuznetsova Elena Vladislavovna
Published: January 2017

For patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), in combination with diabetes mellitus, diffuse multivessel coronary artery lesions are common. Such patients are prone to a more rapid progression of atherosclerosis, significantly increasing the need for myocardial revascularization. The choice of an optimal approach determines the prognosis and course of CAD. The results of randomized trials show that the use of percutaneous coronary interventions with drug-eluting stents is appropriate for patients with one or two coronary artery lesions, but that coronary artery bypass graft surgery is preferred in cases of multivessel disease and significantly reduces the risk of long-term adverse events. It should also be noted that the use of modern generations of stents allows the achievement of comparable results in terms of long-term mortality, which was most convincingly demonstrated in patients with one or two vascular lesions.
Neurohumoral mechanisms of keratinocytes regulation in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Artemova Ekaterina Viktorovna , Gorbacheva Anna Maksimovna , Galstyan Gagik Radikovich , Tokmakova Alla Yur'evna , Gavrilova Svetlana Anatol'evna , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich
Published: January 2017

The extent of damage to the nervous, vascular and microcirculatory systems in diabetic patients determine the regulation of physiological events that lead to the formation of chronic wounds, reduction of patient quality of life and increase of the financial value of medical care. Successful physiological repair is impossible without the successive phases of inflammation, proliferation and wound healing. Keratinocytes are the major cellular barrier components of the epidermis. These cells play an important role in physiological repair, as suggested by recent research, with many cells able to secrete steroid hormones de novo. Damage to the integrity of the skin leads to keratinocyte activation, triggering a cascade of reactions that contribute to changes in epidermal cell phenotype and lead to their proliferation and migration, analogous to changes in cellular adhesion and configuration of the cytoskeleton. An open question remains as to how the keratinocyte cell cycle, which is altered under conditions of hyperglycemia, and neurotransmitter metabolism during different stages of physiological repair are regulated. Understanding these processes will provide a scientific basis for the development of new targets for pharmacotherapies.
Escena y personaje: análisis interdisciplinar de símbolos sonoros y musicales para la educación superior
Authors: Gustems Carnicer Josep , Calderón Garrido Diego , Calderón Garrido Caterina
Published: January 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar desde una óptica interdisciplinar y educativa los aspectos descriptivos de los personajes de la literatura en el mundo de la música (ópera, ballet, teatro musical, música programática, audiovisual, etc.) a través de un amplio abanico de recursos y procesos creativos en distintas artes que incluyen o engloban lo sonoro. Para ello se hace una revisión bibliográfica y documental de carácter multidisciplinar a partir de los textos más relevantes y principales autores de los modelos dinámicos y estables de personalidad, del análisis de las características vocales en la escena y en los audiovisuales, del leitmotiv como símbolo y representación sonora del personaje, de los conflictos a que se enfrentan, de cómo superarlos y cómo sonorizar dichas transiciones. También se aborda el tema de los mitos llevados al mundo de la escena musical, a los estereotipos de personajes y a los símbolos sonoros que pueden caracterizar todos estos contenidos escénicos y literarios. Cabe destacar el amplio consenso presente en el uso de recursos sonoros para caracterizar distintos tipos de personajes a lo largo de la historia de la música occidental en sus distintos estilos y géneros. Asimismo, se dan indicaciones de su uso y se sugieren propuestas de actividades educativas para educación superior.
Las artes escénicas como metodología educativa en la educación superior
Authors: Pérez-Aldeguer Santiago
Published: January 2017

Las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje en educación superior han sufrido una gran transformación en los últimos años, pero todavía queda mucho camino por recorrer si queremos hacer frente a los retos de la sociedad del siglo XXI. Un gran número de estas metodologías han calado, en mayor o menor medida, en la educación universitaria. Tras un proceso de creación, y/o recreación, han aparecido términos como «aprendizaje servicio», «aprendizaje cooperativo», «aprendizaje dialógico», por nombrar tan sólo algunos ejemplos. Poco a poco, hemos ido tomando conciencia, no sólo de la calidad de los contenidos presentados, sino también de las metodologías educativas utilizadas. En este sentido las artes escénicas tienen mucho que decir.
MicroRNAs are important regulators of drug resistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Jing
Published: January 2017

Despite of continuous development of cancer treatment over the past decades, drug resistance is still one of the major hurdles of effective therapy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide and the understanding of its underlying mechanisms remains limited. Data which have emerged suggests that many microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to drug resistance in CRC. Major findings on miRNA functions in drug resistance of CRC are systemically reviewed here, with the goal of providing new updates to broaden our comprehension of its mechanisms and evidence to utilize miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment.
Pulverization Using Liquid Nitrogen Significantly Improves Physical Properties of Powder and Extraction Yield of Polysaccharides of Astragalus mongholicus
Authors: Liang Zuanhao , Du Bing , Xie Lanhua , Jiayi Zhang , Lin Fengying , Xia Yu , Zhang Yanjie
Published: January 2017

Astragalus mongholicus is a famous traditional Chinese medicinal herb because of its human health benefits and bioactive compounds. Pulverization process directly affects quality and dissolution of bioactive compounds of A. mongholicus. In the present study, liquid nitrogen was introduced to pulverization process of A. mongholicus. The pulverization with addition of liquid nitrogen (LNP) effectively retained powder color, crushed tissue fiber, and reduced hardness of A. mongholicus. Furthermore, LNP significantly improved elasticity and solubility of the powder, as well as soluble solid contents. In addition, extraction yield of polysaccharides, characteristic bioactive compounds in A. mongholicus, was increased by 10.5 % by combination of LNP and Tween-80 enzyme extraction. These results suggest that LNP can be a promising technology for preparation of A. mongholicus powder. The information will also contribute to improvement of manufacturing technology of Chinese medicinal herb.
Taking a stance on emotion: affect, sequence, and intersubjectivity in dialogic interaction
Authors: Du Bois John W. , Kärkkäinen Elise
Published: January 2017

This paper explores the domain of affect and emotion as they arise in interaction, from the perspective of stance, sequence, and dialogicality. We seek to frame the issue of affective display as part of a larger concern with how co-participants in interaction construct the socioaffective and sociocognitive relations that organize their intersubjectivity, via collaborative practices of stance taking. We draw mainly on two research traditions, conversation analysis and the dialogic turn in sociocultural linguistics, focusing on their treatments of affect, emotion, and intersubjectivity. Key ideas from the respective approaches are the role of sequence in shaping the realization and interpretation of stance, and dialogic resonance as a process of alignment between subsequent stances. We present a view of stance as a triplex act, achieved through overt communicative means, in which participants evaluate something, and thereby position themselves, and thereby align with co-participants in interaction. Alignment is argued to operate as a continuous variable rather than a dichotomy, as participants subtly monitor and modulate the “stance differential” between them, while often maintaining a strategic ambiguity. Finally, we comment on the rich contributions to the study of stance, affect, and intersubjectivity in interaction made by the collaborators in this special issue.
On digressing with a stance and not seeking a recipient response
Authors: Kärkkäinen Elise
Published: January 2017

This paper argues that stanced digressions, or inserts, produced by speakers in the midst of extended (multi-unit) turns, are not primarily designed to get a response from the recipient(s). The paper shows that speakers employ various linguistic, prosodic, and embodied resources that make the digression recognizable as such, i.e., of subsidiary status in the talk, and therefore as not in need of a response. A lack of response is treated as unproblematic by both the digression speaker and by the recipients, as both parties primarily orient to the turn as a multi-unit turn still in progress. The paper first examines audio data and keeps the linguistic format relatively constant, by focusing on inserts prefaced by
Taking a stance and getting on with it: the form and function of the Finnish finite clausal extraposition construction
Authors: Laury Ritva
Published: January 2017

This paper concerns a particular grammatical construction, extraposition, and its use for assessments at points of transition between activities and topics by speakers of Finnish in ordinary conversation. A basic assumption taken here is that “recurrent clausal constructions of a language are social action formats for that language” (Thompson 2006), and that grammatical constructions such as clause types are learned and therefore routinized responses to certain types of interactional contingencies, and, at the same time, emergent from the current local context (Hopper 1987; Helasvuo 2001).

The paper combines the two central perspectives developed in this issue, sequential design and dialogicality, with the study of grammar-in-interaction. It shows that the grammatical form of the Finnish extraposition construction emerges from its use by speakers for the creation of intersubjectivity through reproduction of prior talk and for the projection of stance taking to follow.
Resonance in conversational second stories: a dialogic resource for stance taking
Authors: Siromaa Maarit
Published: January 2017

This study investigates resonance (Du Bois 2003, 2007) in second stories as a method of anchoring the second telling to the previous telling and as a resource of stance taking. It takes a closer look at the exact ways in which second stories are structurally shaped through initial (first) tellings by examining the resonating elements (of the first stories) that the second tellers recycle in their second stories, i.e., resonating lexico-syntactic, structural, prosodic, and semantic elements. Tellers legitimize, firstly, their tellings by tying back to the previous story and, secondly, their stance by positioning themselves in view of the stance displayed in the previous story. The resonating second story as such can manifest the recipients' interpretation of what they make of the first story and provide a new angle on the first telling, either reinforcing, redefining, or rejecting the gist of the initial telling. Resonance in second stories manifests the fundamental social cohesion that conversationalists uphold, among other ways, by tying back to each other's words.
Prosodic imitation as a means of receiving and displaying a critical stance in classroom interaction
Authors: Tainio Liisa
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates (Finnish) classroom interaction and explores the displays of stance and the rules of emotion in this institutional multi-party setting. The main focus of the analysis is on teacher's imitation of students' talk. The starting point is to analyze stance as a situated practice in the sequential organization of interaction, in particular in sequences that contain criticism. Although it is quite common for teachers and students to criticize each other's activities during (pedagogic) interaction, criticism is treated more or less as a delicate issue. Participants deal with the emotional elements of criticism by using, for example, various prosodic practices, including prosodic imitation. Prosodic imitation is a frequent practice among students, but the teachers imitate students' turns quite rarely and only in specific sequential environments. Teachers repeat and imitate the prosodically marked students' answers that occur subsequent to teachers' critical comments on students' behavior, and the students' self-selected turns that mimic teacher-talk and convey implicit criticism in their prosody. With the help of these prosodic practices the participants are able to receive and deal with a critical stance without jeopardizing the norms, frameworks, and “rules of emotion” valid in this specific institutional setting.
Hans Rothfels und Carl Schmitt
Authors: Blasius Dirk
Published: January 2017

Vorspann

Der nationalkonservative Historiker Hans Rothfels und der rechtsintellektuelle Jurist Carl Schmitt, zwei prominente Gelehrte der Weimarer Republik mit sehr unterschiedlichen weiteren Lebenswegen, waren persönlich nur oberflächlich miteinander bekannt. Ihre Werke aber haben sie wechselseitig aufmerksam wahrgenommen. Dirk Blasius macht die „werkgeschichtlichen Begegnungen“ zum Ausgangspunkt einer eingehenden Analyse der beiderseitigen Rezeption und arbeitet dabei signifikante Unterschiede in Denkstilen und -richtungen heraus.
Geschichte und Psychoanalyse
Authors: Moisel Claudia
Published: January 2017

Vorspann

Warum folgte dem Paukenschlag die Stille? Warum kam es nach Erscheinen des viel beachteten, von Hans-Ulrich Wehler herausgegebenen Sammelbands „Geschichte und Psychoanalyse“ 1971 nicht zu einem produktiven Austausch zwischen der (west-)deutschen Historiografie und den psy-sciences? Claudia Moisel geht diesen Fragen nach und plädiert für eine historisierende Rezeption psychologischen, psychiatrischen oder psychoanalytischen Expertenwissens. Sie zeigt das Potenzial dieses Ansatzes anhand der Studien des britischen Psychiaters John Bowlby auf, dessen im Zweiten Weltkrieg entstandenen Überlegungen zu den Auswirkungen einer Trennung von Mutter und Kind auf das Sozialverhalten von Heranwachsenden nach 1945 weltweit Karriere machten.