A symptom-adapted physical activity intervention during induction chemotherapy for older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to maintain physical function.
Authors: Klepin Heidi D. , Tooze Janet A. , Geiger Ann M. , Pardee Timothy S. , Ellis Leslie R. , Howard Dianna , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Mihalko Shannon , Rejeski Jack , Powell Bayard L. , Kritchevsky Stephen 
Published: June 2021

12009

Background: Older adults are at risk for physical function decline during therapy for AML. Impaired physical function after induction therapy is associated with shorter survival Interventions designed to maintain function may improve treatment outcomes. We piloted a physical activity (PA) intervention among older adults receiving intensive chemotherapy for AML designed to prevent functional decline. Methods: Single institution randomized pilot study of PA vs. usual care. Eligibility included age ≥60 years, newly-diagnosed AML, ambulatory, planned intensive induction chemotherapy. Intervention participants were offered a PA session five days/week tailored daily to symptoms and conditions during the induction hospitalization. Session options were: 1) Standard (ward-based), walking + balance trahining + resistance exercises; 2) Intermediate (room-based), upper-body ergometer + balance training + resistance exercises; 3) Low-intensity (bed-based), upper-body ergometer + resistance exercises. Behavioral counseling sessions to establish PA goals and overcome barriers were conducted weekly during hospitalization and continued monthly by phone for 6 months. Assessment of physical function occurred at baseline, weekly during hospitalization (approximately 4-6 weeks), 3 months, and 6 months. The primary functional outcome of interest was the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; 5 repeat chair stands, gait speed, balance tests; score 0-12 higher indicates better function). Clinically significant change in physical function was defined as ≥1.0 on the SPPB. Proportions of those that declined, remained stable, or improved on the SPPB were compared by group using an exact test for trend. Results: Among 96 eligible patients 70 enrolled (recruitment rate 73%, average participation 3 sessions/week). The mean age was 72.1±6.3 years, 70% were male. Mean baseline SPPB score was 7.0±3.8. In the surviving intention to treat population (N = 66), more intervention participants, compared to controls, maintained or improved their SPPB score (38% vs. 25%) during induction hospitalization (p = 0.278). Among those who achieved remission (N = 42), function was maintained or improved in a greater proportion of intervention participants (55%) compared to controls (23%), p = 0.047. Maintenance or improvement in SPPB from baseline to last follow-up (3 or 6 months post enrollment) was 62% vs 54% for intervention versus control among the intention to treat cohort (N = 50) and 67% vs. 55% among those who achieved remission (N = 40). Conclusions: A symptom adapted PA intervention with behavioral counseling during induction chemotherapy shows promise in preventing clinically meaningful decline in physical function among older adults with AML who achieve remission. Continued maintenance intervention may sustain benefits. Clinical trial information: NCT01519596.