bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of IL17A, FGF21 and CXC12 in Post-menopause Iraqi Sample with Osteoporosis and Osteopenia
Authors: Jameel Murooj G , Hashim Zainab M , AL-Osami Mohammad H
Published: December 2022

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disorder that is characterized by reduced bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. The most frequent osteoporotic fractures are fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine. The exact causes of OP are still unknown; several factors contribute to the disorder.
Subjects and Methods: This study consists of patient groups, this group (Group A) was composed of 80 postmenopausal women with OP and osteopenia and the patient group was subdivided into two group; First group (GroupA1) was composed of 50 postmenopausal women with OP and the second group (Group A2) composed of (30) Postmenopausal Women with osteopenia. In addition, to control group (20), 5 mL of venous blood sample were collected from each patient and healthy control in the population study, and the blood sample was transferred to a clean gel tube, left at room temperature for at least 30 minutes for clotting, then centrifuged for 5–10 minutes at 3000 rpm. Then, separated and divided into aliquots to obtain the serum, then its kept frozen at -20°C until analysis. The obtained serum was used to measure IL17A, FGF21, CXC12, calcium, and alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). Measurement of IL17A, FGF21 and CXC12 levels were performed by ELISA. The total calcium and serum ALK were measured by spectrophotometric-based method.
Results: Serum levels of IL17A, FGF21 and CXC12 are significantly increased in Group A and subgroup (A1 and A2). Serum levels of total calcium and ALP are non-significant in Group A and sub group patients. Significant negative correlation between serum levels of IL17A and T score, FGF21 and T score, CXC12 and T score, IL 17A and Z score, IL17A and Calcium.
Conclusions: Serum levels of IL17A, FGF21 and CXC12 is significantly increased in Group A and subgroup patients. Serum levels of total calcium and ALP are non-significant in Group A and sub group patients. Significant negative correlation exists between serum levels of IL17A and T score, FGF21 and T score, CXC12 and T score in Groups A and A1.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Some Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Mohan Murtadha H , Jassim Ibtisam K
Published: December 2022

This work includes preparing various heterocyclic compound types, which include the phthalazin, pyridazin, pyrazol, phthalazin-3,8-dione [5] and pyridazin-3,6-dione [6] derivatives which derived from hydrazide compound [3]. The structures of those compounds have been identified by the fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and checked with the use of the TLC technique, and evaluated the antibacterial activities for some of the synthesized compounds. Those activities have been characterized in vitro using the well diffusion approach against three types of the pathogenic strains of the bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas (G-) and S. aureus (G+). Results have shown that some of those compounds have shown good activity.
Analysis Polymorphism of DNA Repair Gene (OGG1) in Some Kirkuk Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ibraheem Muntaha R
Published: December 2022

The current study includes 200 subjects, 120 patients with diabetes mellitus type1 and 80 subjects as control group, the anthropometric characteristics of type1 diabetic (T1D) subjects and non-diabetic controls. The age difference was not significantly different (p > 0.05) in diabetic patients when compared with. The distribution of 8-Oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1) frequency gene polymorphism was significantly difference (p ≥ 0.05. Frequency of OGG1 C/C (homozygous) genotype showed (32.43%) in patients and (100%) in control. The results of OGG1 heterozygous G/C genotype showed higher significantly in DM type1 (74.76%) and not found in controls (0.00%). The differences were significant. OGG1 G/G genotype frequency was not found, neither in the diabetes mellitus type1 nor controls (0.00%), consequently there was not significantly different (p ≥ 0.01). there were significant differences in body mass index (BMI) (p ≥ 0.01) in control group when matching with found in controls (0.00%). The differences were significant. OGG1 G/G genotype frequency was not found, neither in the diabetes mellitus type1 nor controls (0.00%), consequently there was not significantly different (p ≥ 0.01).
Effects of Co-administration of Pyridoxine in Two Different Doses with Methotrexate-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Zakri Noor M.M , Al-Shawi Nada N
Published: December 2022

Nephrotoxicity is defined as rapid deterioration in kidney functions that arises from direct exposure to a drug or its metabolite. Methotrexate is an anti-metabolite used in low doses for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and high doses for different malignancies. Pyridoxine is the usual form of vitamin B6 included in pharmaceutical products. This study is designed to examine the effect of pyridoxine in two different doses, each co-administered with methotrexate at 20 mg/kg made renal toxicity in rats through the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 molecular mechanism in this respect. The animals used in this research were allocated to four distinct groups (each group with 10 rats) of both sexes; as control, MTX, pyridoxine 33 mg/kg and MTX, Pyridoxine 100 mg/kg, and MTX. Serum creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and NrF2/HO-1 signaling pathway were determined. Administration of Pyridoxine (33 mg/kg intraperitoneally) in combination with MTX showed no significant differences (p >0.05) as compared to the MTX group. At the same time, administration of pyridoxine (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) in combination with methotrexate showed a significant reduction in serum activities of both neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and creatinine (p is less than 0.05) and significant upregulation in Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway each compared to corresponding levels in MTX-only group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that when pyridoxine (100 mg/kg IP) was administered in combination with methotrexate, the renal toxicity was reduced as a result.
Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Formula Gel for Dermatitis and Inflammations
Authors: Zamil Suaad T , Zamil Suhad T , Naser Naser A , Kadhim Hussein A
Published: December 2022

Skin allergy is a widespread skin problem at the level of different ages, and it occurs when an irritant comes into contact with the skin, and immune system believes it is under attack, so it overreacts and sends antibodies to help fight invaders. Oral corticosteroids are used to treat the symptoms caused by all kinds of allergic reactions. Long-term use may cause many side effects, such as white water on the eyes, brittleness, weak bones, and stomach ulcers and an increase in blood sugar (glucose) and growth retardation for children. Oral corticosteroids may also worsen high blood pressure. This study has the advantage of designing and testing new topical formulas with standard kinetics and efficacy properties by combining tocopherol with glycolate in addition to antihistamines (phenylephrine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine) to form a Noder formula for the treatment of hypersensitivity. The current study was formulated to manufacture the Noder formula which was submitted to extensive investigations and analyzes by four important models. The results showed that the Noder formula has the ideal physical properties and the absorption is higher than the commercial formula and it has stability for a period of 24 months. The therapeutic efficiency in reducing the degree of redness and sensitivity was 60% compared to 56% in the commercial formula, as well as the clinical safety parameters are better from its comparison of general results, there is a significant increase in absorptivity, efficacy, safety, and consistency of the formula Noder compared to the commercial formula.
Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation of the Topical Nano-formula Gel to Treat Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Zamil Suhad T , Zamil Suaad T , Kadhim Hussein A
Published: December 2022

Acne and its harmful effects are considered reasons for the deterioration of the health, social, professional and psychological status of many people, especially in the age of sexual maturity and may lead to chronic skin abnormalities. The treatments used orally and parenterally cause hormonal disorders in addition to side effects on the digestive system. Topical treatment is one of the most important ways to treat acne and the skin abnormalities associated with it, which is characterized by lack of absorption through the skin, but modulating the local formula with nanotechnology and adding absorption stimuli increases the effectiveness of topical treatments. This study has advantage of designing and testing a new topical formula with standard kinetic and effective properties with the nano crystallization of spironolactone-ciprofloxacin-clindamycin-ascorbic acid to form the acne free formula to treat acne as no such design has been tested in laboratory studies. The study aims to increase the absorption, efficacy, and stability of topical treatment through the combination of nano crystalline crystals of spironolactone-ofloxacin-clindamycin-ascorbic acid and then test the resulting compound by diagnosing physical-chemical properties and measuring the absorptivity of the formula across the skin as well as measuring response and clinical safety. The study was conducted within three designs, which are laboratory, animal, and clinical. The laboratory study included diagnosing the physical and chemical properties of the formula by means of optical spectroscopy, pH measurement, peroxide, viscosity, and image processor technology in comparison to the traditional formula. The longitudinal and cross-sectional clinical study of the reviewers’ registry included finding anti-inflammatory efficacy and assessing therapeutic safety. The random sample method and the statistical analysis of the results were adopted, the results showed that the acne free formula had the ideal physical properties as in Table 1 and the absorption is higher than the commercial formula and has stability for a period about 36 months. The rate of active substance absorption was 8% compared to 5% in the commercial formula. Also, the clinical safety parameters are better than their comparison. As in Figure 1 From the general results, there is a significant increase in absorptivity, efficacy, safety, and consistency of the formula acne-free compared to the commercial formula
The Effect of Bacterial Infection with Helicobacter pylori on Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Al-Daamy Alaa A.H.K
Published: December 2022

Objective: Our current research aimed to see if there was a link between Helicobacter pylori infection and thyroid hormone levels. Methods: In Karbala, Iraq, samples were obtained from 84 individuals with H. pylori (42 patients tested positive for H. pylori antigen test and 42 patients tested negative) between December 2021 and January 2022. All subjects had five milliliters of whole blood drawn into clot tubes and centrifuged for 30 minutes to obtain serum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure the amounts of free T4 and TSH in the blood. Results: Females are more susceptible to H. pylori infection than males (p = 0.00001), according to the findings. Furthermore, the mean age of positive test patients is 49.66 years, which is considerably (p = 0.0177) higher than the mean age of negative test patients (43.38 years), and the oldest men are more infected with H. pylori than young men. The results show no significant variations in free T4 concentrations between males and females for both positive and negative tests (p > 0.05). This implies that while infected with H. pylori, the concentration of free T4 was unaffected. Finally, H. pylori infection causes a considerable increase in stomach acid, according to the research. (p = 0.0037) in FSH levels in both sexes. Conclusions: We can determine that females are more likely than males to be infected with H. pylori. And that most patients are aged, particularly men. Furthermore, there is no partnership between H. pylori infection and free F4 hormone levels, and patients with H. pylori have a higher FSH hormone concentration than those with a negative H. pylori antigen test.
Effects of Meropenem at Sub-inhibitory Doses on the Expression of Biofilm-associated Protein by Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Al-Draghi Wathiq A , Wahab Sajjad A , Hamad Shahad T
Published: December 2022

Objective(s): Acinetobacter baumannii has a high proclivity for forming biofilm and is a common source of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections caused by medical devices in hospitals. This research aims to see how sub-inhibitory meropenem doses affect the expression of biofilm-associated proteins.
Methods: Two hundred and fifty samples were collected from various sites in Baghdad, Iraq hospitals and divided into two groups based on their source: clinical 150 and environmental (100) samples, collected from October 2020 to March 2021. Five bacterial isolates were examined for the presence of the bap gene, were treated with sub-inhibitory concentrations of meropenem to evaluate gene expression level.
Results: Eighty-three A. baumannii isolates were identified by microscopic examination and biochemical tests. The identification of 83 isolates was verified using a molecular approach based on the rplB gene, an essential gene found in this genus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on all 83 identified isolates, and the findings revealed that 36 isolates had MDR. This study found that 30 isolates from these 36 isolates carrying the Bap gene that confirmed by molecular detection methods, meropenem dose (0.0005 mg/mL) were with very low inhibition activity against the bacterial strains for that they were considered as sub-inhibitory concentrations, Bap gene expression showed an almost apparent decrease in all isolates in antibiotic treatment.
Conclusion: There was a clear link between the presence of the bap gene and the prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates. These findings point to the importance of isolate resistance and the role of the bap gene in biofilm formation by A. baumannii strains. Furthermore, these findings point to the necessity for more research. This study demonstrated the role of rplB gene for molecular detection A. baumannii at the level of genus and species, respectively. Meropenem at sub-inhibitory concentration has decreased Bap gene expression level.
Comparative Study of Monopolar and Bipolar Transurethral Resection in Patients with Benign Prostatic Adenoma
Authors: Ali Falah M , Obaid Ahmed A
Published: December 2022

A prospective controlled study at Al-Diwaniya Urological center was compared two procedures (M-TURP and B-TURP-PLASMA ADGE). A total of 120 men were included in our study for 2 years. In 60 men with M-TURP, their age ranged from 49-89 years, size of prostate /mL ranged from 35 to 90, IPSS ranged from 8 to 34, and their SPSA ranged from 0.1–3.4 ng/mL. In the other 60 men with B-TURP (plasma edge), their ages ranged from 47 to 89 years, the size of prostate/ml ranged from 36 to 90, IPSS ranged from 9 to 34, and their S.PSA were ranged from 0.1 to 3.8 ng/mL. There was no significant difference in mean age, mean prostate size, mean IPSS, mean serum PSA, mean maximum flow rate (Q max), mean residual volume, mean hemoglobin (Hb), mean serum sodium, mean serum potassium, mean serum chloride and, mean serum creatinine (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean duration of operation between the monopolar group and plasma edge group (p = 0.019), in such a way that the duration is less in the plasma edge group, 56.75 ± 9.02 minutes versus 53.10 ± 7.73 minutes. The intra-operative level of Hb was significantly higher in a monopolar group than in the plasma edge group, 13.87 ± 1.87 g/dL versus 15.06 ± 1.28 g/dL, respectively (p is less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in intra-operative mean serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and creatinine between both groups (p > 0.05). The mean duration of hospital admission was more in the monopolar group compared with the plasma edge group, 1.57 ± 0.83 days versus 1.03 ± 0.18 days, respectively, in a highly significant manner (p is less than 0.001). Mean Hb level was significantly lower in the monopolar group compared to the plasma edge group, 14.00 ± 1.64 g/dL versus 15.03 ± 1.26 g/dL, respectively (p is less than 0.001). Mean IPSS was significantly lower in the monopolar group compared to the plasma edge group, 26.18 ± 4.12 versus 28.05 ± 4.09, respectively (p = 0.014). Maximum flow rate (Q max) was significantly more in the monopolar group in comparison to the plasma edge group, 16.62 ± 1.89 versus 15.03 ± 2.20, respectively (p is less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of urethral stricture between the monopolar group and plasma edge group, 1 (1.7%) versus 1 (1.7%), respectively (p = 1.000). In addition, there was no significant difference in the rate of repetition of TURP between the monopolar group and plasma edge group, 1 (1.7%) versus 1 (1.7%), respectively (p = 1.000). Our study showed that there was a shorter duration of the procedure, less bleeding, shorter duration of admission, and improvement in IPSS and Qmax.
Blood Hemolytic Activity and Acute Toxicity of Saponins extract from Lepudium aucheri Boiss.
Authors: Sultan Mohammed Q , Kredy Husam M , Charfeddine Bassem
Published: December 2022

The hemolytic activity process was applied to erythrocytes by an analyst, as well as the lysis of erythrocytes resulted in a positive test result. The L. aucheri Boiss. extracts are high in triterpenoids saponins, according to the findings.
Both extracts were used in acute toxicity in vivo research on four groups of rats (six rats in each group). After 72 hours of treatment with various concentrations of terpenoids saponins extracts (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW), no mortality was detected in the rats of the trials. This demonstrated that both extracts are harmless when taken orally.
The Antioxidant and DNA Protection Activity of the Tarragon’s Methanolic Extract
Authors: Dawood Yessar A , Abdul-Jabar Rafeef A , Al-Fadal Sabaa A.M
Published: December 2022

For many years plants were regarded as an important source of medical materials that are used extensively for treating and/or avoiding disease. Tarragons (Artemisia dracunculus) has a long history of medicinal uses and is applied for curative purposes.
The important phytochemicals (flavonoid and tannin) in the methanolic extract of Tarragon’s dried leaves were estimated qualitatively and quantitatively, and the free radical scavenging activity against hydrogen peroxide was detected. Also, the methanolic extract’s ability to protect the human genomic DNA from Tarragon’s harmful compound was theoretically detected by doing a docking study for some tannin and flavonoid compounds in the DNA. And practically by incubating the human DNA with the Tarragon’s methanolic extract.
Both flavonoid and tannin were found in Tarragon’s methanolic extract with about13.4 ± 0.133 mg of quercetin equivalent/gm of flavonoid and 17.7± 2.05 mg of tannic acid equivalent/gm of tannin. Additionally, the extract’s IC50 for H2O2 scavenging activity was about 3.42 ± 0.073 mg/mL, and the Tarragon’s extract’s highest inhibition percentage was about 34.37% compared with (48.57%) for ascorbic acid. Almost the Tarragon’s section has a protective and no damaging effect on DNA. That was confirmed by the high scores of binding energy between flavonoid and tannin compounds with DNA in the docking study.
That means there is no direct damaging effect of edible tarragon leaves on the human genomic DNA, which may be strongly related to the content of active phytochemicals (tannin and flavonoids) in leaves.
Isolation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Plumbago indica L. Extract
Authors: Khosla Gayatri . , Sharma Vikram . , Shukla Vikesh K.
Published: December 2022

The studies aimed to evaluate the preliminary parameter and Antioxidant potential of Plumbago indica. Standardization using various analytical techniques was also performed. P. indica was collected and studied for preliminary analysis and antioxidant activity and analyzed using the standard protocol using different analytical techniques. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was used to assess the antioxidant potential. The microscopy indicated the presence of periderm, cork and cortex, sclereids, cork, secondary xylem and medullary rays bordered pitted vessel, calcium oxalate crystal, starch grain, and cork with resin cell. The total ash, moisture, water-soluble, acid soluble ash, water soluble extractive and the alcohol soluble extractive value was 1.388, 5.146, 0.674, 0.19, 3.88, 3.6%, respectively. The presence of variety of phytoconstituents was discovered during phytochemical analysis. The total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extract was 533.83 and 46.667 mg/gm, respectively and 132.66 and 219.00 mg/gm, respectively. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC), fluorescence in suspension hybridisation (FLASH), ultraviolet (UV), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), analysis illustrated the presence of Plumbagin and antioxidant activities because of its bioactive compounds. The ethanolic extract gives higher antioxidant potential by DDPH free radical scavenging activity. The findings of this study may be useful in establishing botanical and analytical grades for the root of P. indica.
Decolorization of Rhodamine B Dye by Hydeogel Nanocomposite: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Jasim Layth S. , Aljeboree Aseel M. , Alkaim Ayad F. , Alqaraguly Mohammed B. , Khudhair Dunia A. , Altimari Usama S. , Abdulrazzak Firas H.
Published: December 2022

Rhodamine B is used extensively in textile dyes and agricultural pesticides as fish pests. Hydrogel is a type of sorption technique used as a sorbent. As of now, adsorption is viewed as a cost-effective method that may be used as an alternative to traditional contamination treatment methods. Several techniques were utilized to determine the surface characteristics before and after the adsorption method, like fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. The effect parameter of the adsorption method was studied, such as the effect of equilibrium time and weight. The data showed that the best removal percentage was (E%=96.546%) and adsorption capacity (188.0 mg/g) in the same order. Thermodynamic factor studies have shown that the reaction is spontaneous, exothermic, and convenient. The sorption isotherm of Rhodamine B onto sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylic acid)/GO composite hydrogel was analyzed utilizing two models First order and second order. The second order was the poorest in a fit of the liner curve and the better.
Frequency of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations among Iraqi Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Alizi Sanaa . , Kareem Tagreed A. , Hussein Thamer A. , Muaed Ahmed .
Published: December 2022

Background: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations are actually currently utilized as genetic biomarkers for focused lung carcinoma treatment. Unfortunately, there is minimal data on Iraq’s proportion of mutations in EGFR gene. The current study’s objective is to find the mutations prevalence of EGFR gene mutations and the dominant EGFR mutations in patients with lung carcinoma type non-small cell (NSCLC) from Iraq. Methods: On tissues taken from paraffin-embedded blocks of NSCLC patients, RT-PCR was performed to investigate the mutations in EGFR gene. Results: This study involved 234 paraffin tissue blocks of NSCLC patients in addition to17 paraffin tissue blocks with invalid results, although it was tested more than three times. This study was used Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to determine mutations in EGFR gene. Forty-seven out of 234 patients had an EGFR mutation (20%). The most prevalent anomaly found in exon19 Del (70.3%) followed by L 858 R (15%). High mutations were found among two age groups (60–69) and 70–79 which suggest increased mutation among old ages when compared with young people. However, no significant difference between EGFR mutation status and sex or age status was found. Conclusion: The prevalence of EGFR mutation among Iraqi patients is 20% which is compatible with a percentage of cases documented in Asian populations and the most prevalent EGFR mutant in Iraq cases is the EX19del.
Ibuprofen Nanoemulsion as a Promising Drug Delivery Strategy
Authors: Bedis Smita . , Kamble Priydarshani .
Published: December 2022

Phenyl propionic acid derivative drug Ibuprofen was selected for the study’s model medication. It is hypothesized that nanoemulsion might be a useful medication delivery method for enhancing oral absorption. According to the findings, the nanoemulsion formulation greatly enhanced the drug’s anti-inflammatory capabilities when compared to the Ibuprofen solution. Ibuprofen’s solubility and oral bioavailability are enhanced using nanoemulsion technology. To evaluate and pinpoint nanoemulsion area’s are made of glycerol, olive oil, and various sucrose esters, a pseudo ternary phase diagram was created (co-surfactant). Following the discovery of such a nanoemulsion zone, a colloidal system was created to serve as an ibuprofen carrier system. Droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and morphological measurements were made to determine the characteristics of the chosen nanoemulsion (NE) area.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Placenta of Iraqi Women Complicated with Hypertensive Disorder
Authors: Mahmoud Estabraq A.
Published: December 2022

During pregnancy, high blood pressure disorder is the most common medical complication in pregnancy. It is the foremost cause of maternal mortality and perinatal diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) affects the growth of vascular endothelial cells, existence, and multiplying, which are known to be expressed in the human placenta. This study aimed to identify the expression VEGF in the placenta of hypertension and normotensive women. In this study, a cross-sectional study from november 2019 to February 2020. A total of 100 placentae involved 50 hypertensive cases and 50 normotensive groups were assessed. VEGF-A expression in two placentas groups was evaluated by immunohistochemistry techniques. Strong and moderate VEGF expression was seen in syncytiotrophoblasts, stromal and endothelial cells of hypertensive cases, while not seen in hypertensive cases. There were statistically significant differences in VEGF-A expression between hypertensive cases and normotensive group. In conclusion, VEGF-A expression was significantly increased in each of syncytiotrophoblasts, stroma and endothelial cells in the placenta of hypertensive cases, and it could be used to predict the development of hypertension.
Formulation and Evaluation of Buccoadhesive Tablets of Diltiazem Hydrochloride
Authors: Suttee Ashish . , S Pavani .
Published: December 2022

Calcium channel blocker diltiazem hydrochloride is used to treat hypertension and angina. The study aimed to develop and evaluate bioadhesive buccal tablets that would bypass hepatic metabolism and boost bioavailability. With the use of bioadhesive polymers like kondagogu gum and guar gum in various concentrations, the direct compression method was used to manufacture buccal tablets. Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis of the physicochemical compatibility of the active ingredient and excipients demonstrates that the excipients are compatible with the active component. Permeation across porcine buccal mucosa, moisture absorbance, in-vitro drug release, surface pH, and swelling index were all tested on the developed tablets. The best formulation, which contained a combination of kondagogu gum and guar gum (F8), was the most effective, showing a flux of 208.46 μg hr-1 cm-2.
Optimization of Mucoadhesive Buccal Film Dosage Form of Sodium Valproate using a Simplex Lattice Design Approach
Authors: Setiawan Iwan  . , Subarnas Anas . , Wardhana Yoga W.
Published: December 2022

The primary choice as an anticonvulsant for partial epilepsy, bipolar disorders (psychotic illnesses), and migraine medication is sodium valproate. Many dosage forms designed for the modified release of sodium valproic in tablets have disadvantages, including frequent use and increased toxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to design other dosage forms for the patient and maintain the therapeutic dose. The mucoadhesive buccal film was selected to overcome these problems. In the preparation of these films, this study used variations of chitosan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) as a carrier by solvent casting technique using the simplex lattice design approach. Several parameters characteristic, such as weight, film thickness, surface pH, swelling index, measurement of fold resistance, mucoadhesive residence time, uniformity of drug content and percentage of drug release, were selected as dependent variables. These results showed that the selected polymers influence the thickness, swelling index, and mucoadhesive residence time. The simplex lattice design analysis by the software design expert 10.0 showed the recommendation of optimum parameters desirability ratio of 0.64:0.36 for chitosan and SCMC in a film. The dissolution test was performed to determine the recommended release profile of mucoadhesive buccal film. According to Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the Kinet DS 3.0 software obtained a fitting model for the release profile.
Promising Discovery of Alpha Amylase Enzyme Inhibitors from Terminalia arjuna for Antidiabetic Potential
Authors: Gaikwad Dinanath T. , Bansode Suraj P. , Mali Dipak P. , Wadkar Ganesh H. , Pawar Vijaykumar T. , Tamboli Firoj A.
Published: December 2022

The aim of this work was to discover alpha amylase inhibitors from selected phytoconstituents of Terminalia arjuna by utilizing computational and in-silico methodology. Identified 37 phytoconstituents of T. arjuna were docked as test molecules. The complex structure of alpha-amylase in associated with Acarviostatin I03 was retrieved from protein data bank. Molecular screening by GA-based was performed to generate the cavity-enabled complex prototype using VLife MDS 4.4 software. Docking was used to identify the potent alpha-amylase inhibitor. Ligand-enzyme poses of the selected T. arjuna phytoconstituents identified seven potential biomolecules: baicalein, quercetin, gallic acid, kaempferol, pelargonidin, pyrocatechol and epicatechin with prominent interactions and showed better results than standard Acarviostatin I03 to the residues of alpha-amylase targets. interestingly, gallic acid showed multiple interactions as hydrogen bond, pi stacking and charge to the alpha-amylase target. This study reveals that phytoconstituents of T. arjuna possess promising antidiabetic potential. However, this research gives an appropriate platform for detecting newer inhibitors from plant sources for diabetic disease.
Preparation and Evaluation of SBA-16, ZSM-5 and MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery System for Carvedilol
Authors: Mahdi Hajir S. , Muhana Frezah J. I. , Al-Ani Israa H. , Al-Sanabrah Alaa .
Published: December 2022

Carvedilol is a non-selective beta/alpha1 blocker that is broadly used in treatment of arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Enhancing carvedilol low solubility and dissolution rate would help in improving the efficiency of the tablet dosage form. In this study, different types of silica nanoparticle (NPs) (SBA-16, MCM-41 and ZSM-5) were synthesized. Coupling of SBA-16 with 3-Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) was performed to improve surface characteristics of SBA-16. Different methods to load carvedilol on these carriers were used with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a method of analysis for carvedilol. For the characterization of the loaded NPs Fourier -transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X ray crystallography (XRD) and Therapeutic goods administration (TGA) were used. MCM-41 loaded with Carvedilol was decided to be formulated as tablet dosage and compared with tablets contain carvedilol without carrier. The results showed that SBA-16, SBA-16 coupled, ZSM-5 and MCM-41 carriers were used successfully to load carvedilol in a good drug load percent of 64.5, 69.3, 82 and 90%, respectively. MCM-41 gave highest loading efficiency of carvedilol using solvent evaporation method and the dissolution of carvedilol from powder was superior to the pure carvedilol where it gave 100% release of the drug at 15 minutes compared to 30% of pure carvedilol. MCM-41 loaded with carvedilol was successfully formulated as tablet dosage form according to the specifications of USP and the release of carvedilol from the prepared tablet was 99% at 15 min compared to the carvedilol released from tablets prepared using carvedilol powder which gave 38% which indicates the efficiency of the carrier in increasing the solubility and dissolution of carvedilol, a class II BCS drugs.
Microscopic Vision for a Therapeutic Effect of Carnitine and Arginine Against Cadmium Toxicity in the Histological Structure of Rat Lung
Authors: Rasheed Khulood N. , Abdullah Abdul M. K.
Published: December 2022

The study is conducted to investigate the therapeutic effect of L-carnitine and L-arginine on the histological structure of the lung in rats treated with cadmium chloride. The study included 20 male rats subjected to the necessary laboratory conditions throughout the experiment. The results show the occurrence of many tissue lesions in the lung, represented by the degeneration of the lining epithelial cells and the shedding of many of these cells in the lumen of the bronchioles. In addition, there is necrosis of the interstitial tissue between the alveoli, with the presence of clumps of red blood cells in the cavities of some blood vessels in the group treated with cadmium chloride, the group treated with cadmium chloride, and L-carnitine, and the group treated with cadmium chloride and L-arginine.
The Association between Female Infertility and Catalase Enzyme in Karbala Province of Iraq
Authors: Razzak Maysaloon A. A. , Ahmed Manal N.
Published: December 2022

DBackground: One of the most significant and overlooked conceptive medical issues in non-industrial nations is the high pace of subfertility and childlessness. There is developing proof of the conceivable function of profoundly responsive results of oxygen-related agents like catalase enzyme in female subfertility. Aim of the study: To confirm this objective, the level of catalase chemical (CAT) and its connection with certain components (age, weight record, smoking, infertility duration and type of infertility) were surveyed. Method: This case control study included 100 subfertile ladies distinguished from the fertility clinic information base in maternity clinic and private facility contrasted and 100 fertile ladies. Detailed history and assessment were done, and the blood tests were moved to the biochemical lab to examine CAT as searching compounds by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) pack. Results: The catalase levels of infertile women show a significant decrease (p< 0.05) when compared with the fertile control. Its shows an insignificant negative Correlation with age, BMI and duration of subfertility(p> 0.05) Conclusion: Catalase was significantly decreased in patients with subfertility, and had inverse insignificant relationship between its level and duration of subfertility increment in patients with subfertility
In-vitro Preliminary Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticoagulant Activity of Novel N-Phenyl Hydrazine 1-Carbothioamide Derivatives of (2-Methyl-3-(Substituted Thio)Propanoyl) Proline
Authors: Najeh Alsaad H. , Mahmood Kubba A. A. R.
Published: December 2022

A series of (2-methyl-3-(substituted thio)propanoyl)proline (2 to 7) were evaluated in-vitro for antioxidant activity and anticoagulant activity. The antioxidant were determined using the most common models, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), H2O2, and reducing power method. The better radical scavenging antioxidant activity was observed with compound (4) with % inhibition (93.04 ± 0.7 μg\mL and IC50 69.56 μg\mL), using the DPPH method, while with H2O2 model, the observed % inhibition for compound (4) was (92.18 ± 1.52). For reducing power assay, the absorbance of the formed complex at 700 nm was (1.245 ± 0.213). The anticoagulant activity of the compound (3) shows significant prolongation in clotting time compare with (3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl) proline (captopril) with Prothrombin time (PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) values (17.1 ± 0.1 s and 75.13 ± 0.15 s), respectively. The results of this study refer to an improvement of the biological activity of novel captopril derivatives with the introduction of electron donated group as (NH) and the presence of free thiol group.
Formulation Design and Evaluation of Hydrocortisone Gel for Topical Use
Authors: Hussein Wisam A. , Zamil Suhad T. , Zamil Suaad T. , Hussain Muhammed A. , Kadhim Hussein A.
Published: December 2022

Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid drug used for topical atopic dermatitis treatment available in the form of a spray, rectal cream, powder for preparation and injection, ointment in concentrations: 0.5, 1, 2.5%, ear solution 1%, topical solution in concentrations: 0.1, 2.5%, rectal suppositories, suspension solution plus tablets. Hydrocortisone gel was manufactured and evaluated in-vitro model by examining the physical and chemical properties, as well as evaluating the rheological properties with a texture analyzer, also evaluated. The stability of accelerated hydrocortisone gel, thermal, chemical and acid stability of the components were also evaluated. The feasibility study was also completed. All of these evaluations were compared relative to the commercial formulas and statistical analyzes were conducted. The results of hydrocortisone gel compared to the commercial formula showed optimum physicochemical properties, good rheological properties, and good stability. From the general results, we can conclude that hydrocortisone gel is a practical, more effective, safe and stable formulation when compared to its counterparts.
. Preparation and Characterization of Atorvastatin Calcium Trihydrate-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex
Authors: Hadi Basma M. , Al-Khedairy Eman B. H.
Published: December 2022

Atorvastatin calcium (ATR) is an antihyperlipidemic agent used for lowering blood cholesterol levels. However, it is very slightly soluble in water with poor oral bioavailability, which interferes with its therapeutic action. It is classified as a class II drug according to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (low solubility and high permeability).
Molecular Identification and Pathogenic Potential of Clinical Bacillus Sp.20
Authors: Hatem Zainab A. , Abdelhameed Alyaa . , Mohammed Zainab A.
Published: December 2022

Antibiotic resistance bacteria has become a worldwide problem. The shortage of new antibiotics has prompted research into chemicals that could act as adjuvants and enhance the efficacy of available antibiotics. Bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics was determined using the e-test method to evaluate the effect of commonly used antibiotics on the selected isolate (S20). The isolate displayed resistance to cefoxitin, benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. Whereas it was susceptible to the rest antibiotics. In this study, we reported the draft genome sequence of S20, isolated from a patient. The genome consists of 4,557,070 bp, with a GC of 46.4%. It has 228 RNA reads that protein-coding genes encoding multidrug resistance transporters, virulence factors. The draft genome sequences project was deposited in GenBank under accession no.. PRJNA480592. The version described in this paper is the first version. To estimate the phylotypes in the selected genomes, the 16S rRNA gene sequences were retrieved from the RAST annotation and used as a query against the SILVA reference database with the threshold set to above 97%. Bacillus mycoides was the closest genus to our isolate (100%).
Formulation, Optimization and Characterization of Celecoxib-loaded Emulsion System using Optimal Mixture Design
Authors: Mabrouki Meryem . , Benomar Abdalhafid . , Fahry Aicha . , Cherkaoui Nawal . , Laatiris Abdelkader . , El-Alaoui Yassir .
Published: December 2022

This study was carried out to create an emulsion formulation based on Celecoxib in order to improve its solubility. The solubility of Celecoxib in different surfactants and co-surfactants was studied. Secondly, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to fix the concentration ranges of the components of the emulsion. Once the most stable formulation was fixed by mixture design, the concentration of solubilized Celecoxib in this formulation was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The concentration of Celecoxib in the selected formulation was 83.52%. The average globule size was 116.6 nm. The physical appearance, rheological properties, and concentration of Celecoxib in the selected emulsion remained unchanged after storage for 3 months.
Evaluation of Curcumin Effect on Wound Healing in Rat Model
Authors: Noori Huda J. , Jasim Suzan Y.
Published: December 2022

Background: skin wound healing consists of a series of meticulously orchestrated, time-dependent, complex steps including inflammation, proliferation, and wound remodeling. Wounds that do not follow this time course are complicated. Skin wounds and their complications impose a major threat to the patients and the health systems and are a heavy burden on the global economy.
Quantitative Estimation of Few Novel Indole Derivatives using Spectroscopic Technique
Authors: Khalil Shaimaa I. , Faraj Fadhil L. , Fadhel Sahar R.
Published: December 2022

The reaction of 2- (1, 1-dimethyl-1, 3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e]indol-2-ylidene) malonaldehyde with various substituted o-phenylinediamine resulted in a number of new indole Schiff base derivatives. Total leukocyte count (TLC), Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), characterized the chemical structures of the synthesized compounds and quantitatively estimated using FT-IR spectroscopy, the results showed linear in concentration ranges 10.0 to 50.0 ppm. The biological activity of some novel synthesized compounds was tested against two types of bacteria. Compounds exhibit antibacterial action, according to the provided data.
Formulations and Antibacterial Activity of Moringa oleifera Extract in Hand Sanitizer Gel against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pakan Prisca . , Indriarini Desi . , Hutasoit Regina M. , Woda Rahel Rara , Mukkun Lince .
Published: December 2022

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is possible in the form of aerosol and fomite. Thus, hand hygiene is of utmost significance. Hand sanitizer is often used as a practical hand washing method. Purpose: This study aims to study the effectiveness of Moringa leaves extract as an antibacterial ingredient in hand sanitizer gel. Methods: Moringa leaves extract was obtained by maceration in 70% alcohol solution. The hand sanitizer formula consists of carbomer, propylene glycol, glycerin, methylparaben, and triethanolamine. The hand sanitizer gel was prepared using three formulas with different extract concentrations. The quality of the hand sanitizer gel was analyzed, including the gel acidity (pH), organoleptic, the inhibitory ability of bacterial growth against Staphylococcus aureus, and the gel dispersion.Results: This study showed that Formula III has the highest inhibitory area against S. aureus. The gel acidity (pH) was found at around 4 for all the formulas, safe for use on the skin. The organoleptic test showed no irritation to the skin for all three formulas. However, they demonstrated low dispersity. Conclusion: Moringa leaves extract is effective as an antibacterial in hand sanitizer gel.
Analytical Technique for Carvedilol and Ivabradine Determination from Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: A Review
Authors: B. Chavan P. , H. Kolhe M. , V. Dhamak K. , J. Bhor R.
Published: December 2022

Carvedilol and ivabradine is a drug combination used to treat cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, chronic stable angina pectoris and, chronic heart failure. Both are different in their mode of action. Carvedilol prevents exercise-induced tachycardia via inhibition of beta-adrenoreceptor carvedilol, which also acts on alpha-1 adrenergic receptors and reduces blood pressure. In case of a higher dose also shows antioxidant and calcium channel blocking activity. Ivabradine is a heart rate-reducing drug that works by blocking cardiac pacemaker currents (If) selectively and specifically. The major goal of this review paper is to emphasize the characteristics of carvedilol and ivabradine, such as their pharmacological profiles, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, and previously described analytical methodologies for carvedilol and ivabradine determination. Various methods such as UV spectroscopy High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Reverse phase -High performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), Mass Spectrometry (MS), High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). is the most accurate easy method for estimation.
Histological Study on Bird Cerebellum of Pycnonotus leucotis
Authors: Abid Wijdan B.
Published: December 2022

Histological study of the cerebellum in a bird white cheeked bulbul Pycnonotus lecucotis, the result of the study showed that the cerebellum took the parts of the hindbrain, the histological study of the cerebellum revealed the presence of deep folds on its surface. The cerebellum consists of two areas, the cerebellar cortex, which is called the gray matter, which consists of three layers: the outer layer (the molecular layer), the middle (Purkinje cells) and inner layer (the granular layer). The second area of the cerebellum is called the medullary and the white matter.
Adsorption, Modeling, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Studies of Removal of Textile-dye using Low-Cost Adsorbents
Authors: Salman Jasim M. , Aljeboree Aseel M.
Published: December 2022

Adsorption of reactive green (RG) dye using Syzgium aromaticum flower bud (SAFB) and ACTIVE -SAFB was studied in detail via conducting batch model kinetic, thermodynamic and desorption investigations. The experimental kinetic data at several primary reactive green dye concentrations were also analyzed through model first-order, model second-order. The obtained result appears that the model pseudo-first-order fits the adsorption kinetic result through (R2 0.9797) and (R2 0.9016) of SAFB and ACTIVE-SAFB in the same order. Finally, the thermodynamic factors appear that dye’s adsorption onto SAFB and ACTIVE-SAFB was endothermic and spontaneous. This suggests that SAFB and ACTIVE-SAFB is a viable adsorbents for effective dye removal from wastewater effluent.
Study the Correlation between Pathogenic Parasitic Infections and Infertility among Women in Kerbala province, Iraq
Authors: Radhi Inam J. , Jassem Muna I. , Abbas Sawsan K. , Al-Mussawi Kawther A. M.
Published: December 2022

This study indicated that infections with pathogenic–parasitic (PP) causes in healthy controls who do not suffer infertility will be higher than those of infertile women. Correspondingly, in parasitic infections in (protozoa) were prevalent among numerous parts of the world. Developed countries and infertile women were the major burden and infections, for example, the women’s reproductive system through damage to infertile women. There were approximately parasitic infections such as Trichomonas vaginalis could reason cervical tumors, non-anomalous pelvic infections in women and tubal and genital tract abnormalities. Toxoplasma gondii reasons dysplasia of reproductive tract, synthetic disorders and endometriosis for example, intrauterine adhesions.