bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating Challenging Digital Literacy Practices: The Settlement Experiences of Adults from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds
Authors: Tour Ekaterina , Creely Edwin , Waterhouse Peter , Pham Xuan , Henderson Michael , Wallace Mary
Published: June 2023

Digital literacies are critical for adults from migrant and refugee backgrounds as they settle in a new country. However, institutions, leaders, and teachers often feel uncertain about how to teach digital literacies. Using the notions of digital literacy practices and assemblages, this article reports on a qualitative case study and explores how 30 adults from migrant and refugee backgrounds navigated challenging digital literacy practices related to settlement in Australia. This research found that to deal with challenges, the participants brought together different personal, social, material, symbolic, temporal, and spatial resources. However, sometimes the required resources were not available, which constrained the participants’ practices. Some participants were aware of the need to find new solutions but they often did not know how this might be done. In contrast, some participants were reluctant to take a risk. The article concludes with implications for EAL practice by suggesting strengths-based pedagogies for digital literacies.
Corrosion resistance improvement of 6061 aluminum alloy by 2D ultrasonic vibrations assisted turning
Authors: Sayadi Daniyal , Mahdikhani Faramarz , Khajehzadeh Mohsen , Khosrojerdi Mohammadreza , Razfar Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2023

Corrosion is a limiting factor in the long-term use of workpieces, especially in aluminum alloys. One of the suitable solutions to enhance the corrosion resistance of machined workpieces is to improve the corrosion-related mechanical properties through the application of new machining methods such as ultrasonic-assisted turning. In this study, the effects of ultrasonic vibration direction (along feed, cutting speed and both feed and cutting speed directions) on the surface roughness, surface defects, microstructure and corrosion resistance of 6061 aluminum parts have been investigated experimentally. The results reveal the greater effectiveness of 2D ultrasonic vibrations compared to 1D vibrations and conventional turning processes, in term of improvements in surface roughness, surface defects, and corrosion rate. The lowest and highest corrosion rates were equal to 0.482 and 14.96 mpy corresponding to 2D and conventionally turned samples respectively.
Lateral instability of three-piece bogie container wagon and effect of the loading distributions
Authors: Sun Yan Quan , Spiryagin Maksym , Wu Qing , Cole Colin
Published: June 2023

Several models of a non-linear rail three-piece bogie container wagon have been developed by using GENSYS software to study the effects of the initial excitation conditions to the determination of rail wagon’s critical hunting speed and the trajectories and characteristics of the wheelset lateral movement during wagon hunting. The effect of uneven loading distribution on a container wagon to the wagon lateral instability is also investigated. Based on the simulation results, the wagon hunting is the type of bogie hunting, and the hunting behaviours are dependent on the initial excitation conditions and wagon speed. The initial excitation condition based on a certain initial lateral track irregularity can generate the full bogie hunting compared to the initial carbody’s lateral and yaw velocities that are the default widely used in the GENSYS setting. The two bogie lateral movement trajectories can have a phase of about 900 or be in-phase dependent on the wagon speed. The heavy loading on a bogie can improve the bogie hunting, and the uneven loading can change the hunting pattern.
Does institutional quality really matter for environmental quality?
Authors: Akpan Usenobong , Kama Ukpai
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new innovation into the institutions and environmental degradation nexus debate, by placing emphasis on institutional quality (good or poor) in the modelling framework, a clear departure from the existing literature that makes no such distinctions when using institutions to investigate the nexus. Using a panel of 163 countries, and applying a system generalised method of moment technique, we obtained robust evidence that the quality of institutions really matters in protecting the environment. In particular, we found that countries with strong institutions could significantly reduce environmental pollution by limiting fossil fuel consumption, while those with poor institutions would worsen the situation. Countries with strong institutions were also found to be able to curtail environmental problems in densely populated cities than those with weak institutions. The policy implications arising from the study are clear – strengthening the quality of domestic institutions that relate to environmental policy formulation and regulation, is critical to delivering a cleaner environment.
“The relationship changed because I had changed”: Experiences and perceptions of friendships between women treated for substance use disorder in women-only residential programs
Authors: Kelner Jenia , Gavriel-Fried Belle
Published: June 2023

Historically, the notion of friendships between women has been replete with negative myths and perceptions. However, studies show that friendships between women contribute to their wellbeing as a source of support and empowerment. Social support is known to be a key factor during recovery from a substance use disorder (SUD). Previous studies have examined a variety of relationships, but less attention has been paid to friendships between women with SUD. This qualitative study examined the perceptions and experiences of friendship of 14 women who recovered from a SUD and were treated in women-only residential treatment programs (RTP) in Israel. Content analysis revealed four categories that paralleled their linear life-course from childhood to adulthood: social rejection and the longing for connection and acceptance, interest-based versus non-interest-based friendships, being distant versus becoming close, and friendships with “normative” women versus friendships with “clean addicts.” Each category is situated on a conceptual axis representing the tension between trust and mistrust, the unifying theme. These findings are best understood within the framework of relational cultural theory (RCT), which emphasizes the importance of relationships in people's lives. Therapists should consider the positive impact of friendships between women, as a theme during the therapy process.
Methods for comparative effectiveness based on time to confirmed disability progression with irregular observations in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Debray Thomas PA , Simoneau Gabrielle , Copetti Massimiliano , Platt Robert W , Shen Changyu , Pellegrini Fabio , de Moor Carl
Published: June 2023

Real-world data sources offer opportunities to compare the effectiveness of treatments in practical clinical settings. However, relevant outcomes are often recorded selectively and collected at irregular measurement times. It is therefore common to convert the available visits to a standardized schedule with equally spaced visits. Although more advanced imputation methods exist, they are not designed to recover longitudinal outcome trajectories and typically assume that missingness is non-informative. We, therefore, propose an extension of multilevel multiple imputation methods to facilitate the analysis of real-world outcome data that is collected at irregular observation times. We illustrate multilevel multiple imputation in a case study evaluating two disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis in terms of time to confirmed disability progression. This survival outcome is derived from repeated measurements of the Expanded Disability Status Scale, which is collected when patients come to the healthcare center for a clinical visit and for which longitudinal trajectories can be estimated. Subsequently, we perform a simulation study to compare the performance of multilevel multiple imputation to commonly used single imputation methods. Results indicate that multilevel multiple imputation leads to less biased treatment effect estimates and improves the coverage of confidence intervals, even when outcomes are missing not at random.
Modeling three-dimensional T-cell motility using clustering and hidden Markov models
Authors: Torkashvand Elaheh
Published: June 2023

Recent advances in imaging technologies now allow for real-time tracking of fast-moving immune cells as they search for targets such as pathogens and tumor cells through complex three-dimensional tissues. Cytotoxic T cells are specialized immune cells that continually scan tissues for such targets to engage and kill, and have emerged as the principle mediators of breakthrough immunotherapies against cancers. Modeling the way these T cells move is of great value in furthering our understanding of their collective search efficiency. T-cell motility is characterized by heterogeneity at two levels: (a) Individual cells display different distributions of translational speeds and turning angles, and (b) each cell can during a given track, its motility, switch between local search and directional motion. Despite a likely considerable influence on a motile population’s search performance, statistical models that accurately capture both such heterogeneities in a distinguishing manner are lacking. Here, we model three-dimensional T-cell trajectories through a spherical representation of their incremental steps and compare model outputs to real-world motility data from primary T cells navigating physiological environments. T cells in a population are clustered based on their directional persistence and characteristic “step lengths” therein capturing between-cell heterogeneity. The motility dynamics of cells within each cluster are individually modeled through hidden Markov model to capture within-cell transitions between local and more extensive search patterns. We explore the importance of explicitly capturing altered motility patterns when cells lie in close proximity to one another, through a non-homogenous hidden Markov model.
Reversal Effect of Saikosaponin A and Saikosaponin B on Doxorubicin-resistant Breast Cancer Cells and its Mechanism
Authors: Wang Dan , Ji Duochun , Wu Danni , Wang Like , Yu Chunyan , Li Chun , Gai Xiaodong
Published: June 2023

Background

One of the key factors limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy treatment for malignancies is multidrug resistance (MDR). The MDR phenotype is related to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and function. The main triterpenoid saponins generated from Bupleurum chinense DC (BCDC), saikosaponin A (SSa), has been found to have anti-tumor potential. Saikosaponin B (SSb) has the potential for utility in combination with anticancer drugs as the secondary saikosaponins.

Objective

In this study, we looked into the impact of SSa and SSb on doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant breast cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms.

Materials and Methods

Dox-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7ADR) and MCF-7 cells were used in the study. The experimental cells were divided into a different concentration SSa administration group, a different concentration SSb administration group, and a control group, and the related biochemical parameters of MCF-7 and MCF-7ADR cells were detected.

Results

We discovered that SSa and SSb both suppressed MCF-7 and MCF-7ADR cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, SSa at 2.5 and 5.0 µg/mL and SSb at 3.0 and 7.0 µg/mL could significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of Dox and reverse MDR in MCF-7ADR cells. The combination of Dox and SSa or SSb induced obvious synergistic effects. SSa and SSb could increase the sensitivity of MCF-7ADR cells to Dox by decreasing P-gp expression, increasing intracellular accumulation, and delaying the drug efflux of rhodamine 123 (Rh123, a P-gp substrate). Additionally, SSa and SSb both induced G1-phase arrest in MCF-7ADR cells in the presence of Dox.

Conclusion

According to the study, SSa and SSb may be novel MDR reversal medicines for breast cancer chemotherapy and have significant therapeutic significance for MDR during tumor therapy.
Impulsivity and Aggression Among Male Delinquent Adolescents Residing in Observation Homes—A Descriptive Correlation Study from East India
Authors: Srinivasan P. , Rentala Sreevani , Kumar Pragya
Published: June 2023

Background:

Aggression and crime are connected and highly reported among juveniles in recent times as compared to adults, which ends up in delinquency. It is not just aggression that dominates but the associated impulsiveness also plays a vital role. This study was intended to assess impulsivity and aggression, and their relationship among male delinquent adolescents residing in observation homes.

Methods:

A quantitative research approach with the nonexperimental descriptive correlation design was adopted. One hundred and seventy-nine male delinquent adolescents residing in 2 observation homes in the state of Bihar, India, were selected by convenience sampling technique. The standardized Buss & Perry Aggression questionnaire, and Barratt Impulsiveness scale were used for collecting the data regarding impulsivity and aggression among male delinquent adolescents.

Results:

The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics for a description of sample characteristics, and research variables, inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation for correlation, t-test, and ANOVA for the association, and stepwise regression for predictors. Aggression and impulsivity were significantly correlated, there was a significant association of impulsivity with educational status and history of substance use, and the mother’s occupation, educational status, and substance use had predicted the impulsivity.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that impulsivity and aggression are measurable constructs among male delinquent adolescents, and both were found to be positively correlated. This study had provided initial evidence by filling the gap in the literature to understand the relationship between impulsivity and aggression among juvenile delinquents.
In practice and in principle: ‘Free market’ discourses and container port reform in Australia
Authors: Taylor Greig , McDonald Matthew
Published: June 2023

In the 1980s, successive Australian governments began to pursue a program of microeconomic restructuring, taking their lead from the developing ‘free market’ reform projects underway in the United States and the United Kingdom. One of the prominent features of the emerging liberalisation agenda was the commercialisation and privatisation of government-owned companies and assets. In keeping with this trend, over the following decades, a series of changes have been introduced to Australia’s container ports aimed at improving their productivity and efficiency. Drawing on a series of interviews and analysis of governmental and non-governmental reports, the purpose of this study is to examine how port policy has unfolded ‘on the ground’ in Australia. The paper considers some of the ‘common sense’ economic maxims expounded for reform in relation to actual outcomes for industry stakeholders, concluding that principles and practice have diverged significantly and that many of the assumed benefits have failed to materialise.
The tone from the top: Editorials within the Journal of Accountancy
Authors: Neu Dean , Saxton Gregory D , Rahaman Abu , Taylor-Neu Kieran
Published: June 2023

This study examines the tone of editorials published in the Journal of Accountancy. Drawing upon prior historical accounting and linguistic-anthropological research, the study proposes that editorials in practitioner journals like the Journal of Accountancy communicate an expressive tone to internal audiences. This tone from the top is important because it communicates a professional worldview to a geographically dispersed and somewhat heterogeneous readership. The study utilises computerised methods to identify the tone expressed about key topics in 46,189 sentence-level editorial utterances published in the Journal between 1916 and 1973. The analysis illustrates that topics involving external social actors, institutions and events were more likely to use a negative tone compared to the topics speaking about internal aspects of the profession. The study contributes to our understanding of professional accounting narratives by enumerating the topics that Journal of Accountancy editorials speak about, by illustrating how sentence tone varies depending on the sentence topic and by documenting how the prevalence of certain topics changes over time.
Bridge vibration energy harvesting for wireless IoT-based structural health monitoring systems: A review
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Masood , Khan Nadia Masood , Khan Farid Ullah
Published: June 2023

Vibration energy has the advantage of abundant availability in the environment of the bridge structure due to consistent traffic flow and high-speed wind blowing. The vibration energy present at the bridge site can be harvested for powering the wireless sensors mounted on the bridge for health monitoring and making the system self-powered. The bridge vibrations are usually low frequency and low acceleration excitations, therefore, its transduction to useful electrical energy is a challenge. However, several techniques are being utilized to harvest the bridge vibration and a variety of bridge energy harvesters are being developed for this purpose. This work has reviewed energy harvesters claimed to be designed for bridge vibrations. The study is split into two categories, first section discusses the energy harvesters developed for bridge vibrations tested only in-lab environments. The second section is about the harvesters that have been characterized on real bridge structures to verify their effectiveness. The study reveals that the bridge energy harvesters can extract enough power to operate the wireless sensors for the health monitoring of bridge structures. Moreover, the architecture, fabrication, input excitation, and output performance of the reported harvesters with modeling techniques are discussed.
Becoming a Father During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experiences of Men in the Transition to Fatherhood
Authors: Fonseca Gabriela , da Cruz Rafaela , Arsénio Joana , Portugal Alda , Crespo Carla
Published: June 2023

The present study sought to gain a comprehensive understanding of how men navigated the transition to fatherhood during a highly stressful pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Portuguese first-time fathers during 2021. Results from thematic analyses suggested that key moments and experiences were disrupted for these men due to the pandemic, promoting gender role stress in the context of fathering. Positive implications were also mentioned, namely the possibility of greater father involvement in both the prenatal and postnatal periods provided by work-related measures (e.g., telework, furlough). This study reinforces the need for socio-political and hospital policies targeting the promotion of fathers’ inclusion and active involvement during this key life transition.
Composting Storytelling: An Approach for Critical (Multispecies) Ethnography
Authors: Hohti Riikka , Tammi Tuure
Published: June 2023

Stories produce bodies that produce stories in an endless intra-active metabolic continuum. Stories do not only represent material worlds but also shape and make new worlds. Starting from these premises, this article develops “composting storytelling,” a methodological approach to heterogeneous, open-ended, small stories interwoven with everyday interaction. Drawing on years-long ethnographic work in a school greenhouse, and multispecies and critical animal studies literature as well as feminist storytelling, the authors develop a twofold argument. First, composting storytelling can be mobilized as a critical research approach in which critique emerges along with horizontal movement from closer, warm assemblages to more distant or erased, cool assemblages. Furthermore, multispecies storytelling can inform the broader field of qualitative research by positioning the ethnographer and the field in a relationship characterized by a hesitant ethics of knowing. The study draws attention to the polyphony of voices and temporalities, foregrounds intra-active transformation, and suggests a more modest position for the human protagonist.
“The Mole on His Penis Lassos Her:” Cultural Understandings of Coercive Control and Emotional Abuse of Women in Cambodia
Authors: Eisenbruch Maurice
Published: June 2023

Throughout world history, moles and birthmarks have occupied a special place as omens. Little is known of the cultural beliefs concerning the determinants of coercive control. In this ethnographic study of coercive control in Cambodia, the focus is on popular beliefs that moles are omens portending that men shall control women. Lachrymal moles (under the eye) signify women weeping as a result of misery. Penile moles portend men attracting, controlling, even abusing women. They have implications for reinterpreting an “insider” view of hegemonic masculinity and for culturally responsive interventions against gender-based violence.
Textual and Visual Narratives of Travel Experiences on Instagram in a Social Performance Context
Authors: Qian Xiao
Published: June 2023

It is widely acknowledged that sharing travel experiences on social networks is performative. This study investigates the tourist narratives used to communicate travel experiences, which partially reflect their needs and strategies for exchanging relevant information under social performance pressure. An analysis of over 8,000 Instagram datasets revealed that a tourist narrative pattern prevailed on image-based social media platforms, characterized by a role-centric narrative structure and three visual presentation sets. The study identifies key features of the narrative pattern and concludes that tourists seek acceptance within social media communities by providing anticipated content and mediated access to their travel experiences. Furthermore, the study explores the implications of this narrative pattern for tourism marketing, proposing that the prevalent pattern may reinforce destination stereotypes. However, this issue can be mitigated by enhancing tourist engagement through a series of mediated strategies.
Proximal radiolucent lines around fully hydroxyapatite-coated tapered femoral stems: should we be concerned?
Authors: Berliner Zachary P , Jawad Muhammad Umar , Matzko Chelsea , Cooper H John , Rodriguez Jose A , Hepinstall Matthew S
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Radiolucent lines occasionally develop around the proximal aspect of fully hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated tapered femoral stems after total hip arthroplasty (THA). It was hypothesised that distal wedging of stems may predispose to proximal radiolucent line formation, which may negatively impact clinical outcome.

Methods:

All primary THA performed with a collarless fully HA-coated stem that had a minimum of 1 year of radiographic follow-up were identified in a surgical database ( n = 244). Radiographic measures of proximal femoral morphology and femoral canal fill at the middle and distal thirds of the stem were analysed for association with the presence of proximal radiolucent lines. Linear regression was used to explore any association between radiolucent lines and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), available in 61% of patients.

Results:

Proximal radiolucent lines developed in 31 cases (12.7%) at final follow-up. Dorr A femoral morphology and increased canal-fill at the distal ⅓ of the stem correlated with the development of radiolucent lines ( p < 0.001). No correlation was observed between pain or PROMs and the presence of proximal radiolucent lines.

Discussion:

We observed an unexpectedly high incidence of proximal femoral radiolucent lines about collarless fully HA coated stems. Distal-only implant wedging in Dorr A bone may compromise proximal fixation. Although this finding did not correlate with short-term outcomes, the long-term clinical impact requires further study.
The economic case for conviction multiplicity
Authors: Fisher Talia
Published: June 2023

Evidence law categorises convictions in purely binary terms, excluding the possibility of judgment of degree. The derivative allocation of punishment also assumes a similarly binary, ‘all or nothing’ structure: punishment can be calibrated, but not with the established probability of guilt. The article will use economic analysis to formulate the deterrence-based case for deserting this binary conceptualisation, in favour of a multiplicity of conviction categories. The discussion will be devoted both to the context of plea bargaining and to the realm of the criminal trial: with respect to plea bargaining, the article will present the economic case for converting the criminal standard of proof into a negotiable feature of trial. In the trial context, the article will make the deterrence-based argument for calibrating the size of the sanction with the level of proof, in a manner which accommodates a host of conviction categories. Using these examples and the tools of economic analysis, the article will demonstrate how a multiplicity of conviction categories and derivative distribution of punishment could allow for a better realisation of the deterrence goals underlying the criminal justice system.
Crisis politics of dehumanisation during COVID-19: A framework for mapping the social processes through which dehumanisation undermines human dignity
Authors: Regilme Salvador Santino F.
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 global pandemic is understood to be a multidimensional crisis, and yet undertheorised is how it reinforced the politics of dehumanisation. This article proposes an original framework that explains how dehumanisation undermines the human dignity of individuals with minoritised socio-economic identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The framework identifies four interrelated mechanisms of crisis-driven dehumanisation: threat construction, expanded state coercion, reinforcement of hierarchies, and normalisation of deaths. The article argues that an understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for capturing the complexity of human rights deterioration during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article uses the plausibility probe method to demonstrate macro-processes of dehumanisation, with illustrative empirical examples from diverse societies during COVID-19. It proposes a framework for understanding these dehumanisation processes that can apply to other transnational crises.
Damage to fracture in offshore engineering materials under several stress states: Blowout preventer valve application
Authors: Morales L. L. Delgado , Silva G. P. , Barros L. de Oliveira , Malcher L.
Published: June 2023

This contribution proposes a study of the mechanical behavior from damage to fracture of normalized and annealed samples of AISI 4340 steel. Besides, a numerical study in a security device of offshore industry is conducted. Experimental tests were initially performed on smooth and notched cylindrical specimens subjected to monotonic tension as well as on rectangular specimens subjected to pure shear and a combination of shear and tension loads. Such experimental tests were selected to observe different combinations of the stress triaxiality and the normalized third invariant concerning the stress state. The two types of heat treatments were considered to achieve different levels of ductility and verify their influence on the fracture mode of the alloy. The approach based on the second invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor ( J 2), with nonlinear isotropic hardening, is assumed to describe the mechanical behavior of the material in axisymmetric and three-dimensional numerical simulations. Finite elements simulations were carried out to analyze the performance of a simplified version of a mechanism of a blow-out preventer-BOP valve. The experimental and numerical curves of force versus displacement were compared, highlighting the effect of the stress triaxiality, the third invariant and calibration condition on the behavior of the material. The evolution of the equivalent plastic strain was plotted, and the fracture onset compared with its maximum value. The results show that the AISI 4340 alloy is highly dependent on the stress triaxiality and third invariant. Moreover, it can be concluded that different calibration conditions for the isotropic hardening curve can result in different levels of forces for the correct performance of the BOP in a critical situation.
Thermal coupling model of a traveling flexible printing electronical membrane subjected to nonlinear electrostatical force
Authors: Ying Shudi , Wu Jimei , Wang Yan
Published: June 2023

A flexible printing electronical membrane is an electron equipment made by precisely spraying conductive metal ink such as silver on a soft membrane substrate. With its advantages of light weight and flexibility, it can adapt to changing working environments and is widely used in aerospace, wearable electronics and other fields. Nevertheless, during the manufacturing preparation of roll-to-roll printing membranes, the high-speed movement of printing electronical membranes under tension is affected by the impact of hot air from the drying oven and the electrostatic interference generated by friction in transmission, which restricts the overprint accuracy and preparation velocity of flexible electronical membranes. To address this issue, the nonlinear forced vibrational characteristics of a traveling flexible printing electronical membrane on temperature coupling subjected to nonlinear electrostatic force were investigated. The roll-to-roll printed intelligent RFID electron membrane is the research target. On the basis of the energy approach and the heat conduction equation considering the effect of deformation, the nonlinear vibrational equations of an axially traveling flexible printing electronical membrane coupled with temperature under the function of nonlinear electrostatical excitation force were derived. The Bubnov–Galerkin algorithm was applied to discretize the vibration partial differential equations; by making full use of the quartic Runge–Kutta numerical algorithm to calculate the approximate solution of equations, the phase portraits, Poincaré maps, time history diagrams, power spectra, and bifurcation plots of the nonlinear vibrations of the traveling printing electronical membrane were used to explore the effects of movement velocities, electrostatical field, and thermal coupling coefficients. The findings obtained the stable working domain and the divergence instability domain of the traveling flexible printing electronic membrane, which provided a theory fundamental for enhancing the stable craft of a printing electronical membrane.
Thriving after trauma in emotional livelihood journalism in China: Vicarious exposure to trauma and vicarious post-traumatic growth among journalists
Authors: Xiong Ying , Liao Shengqing
Published: June 2023

This study examined the negative impact of vicarious exposure to trauma (VET) and its transformation into vicarious post-traumatic growth (VPTG) among a particular type of journalist in China: emotional livelihood journalists. These journalists are often exposed to indirect trauma and have a high degree of emotional involvement with their subjects. Utilising cluster sampling, 126 such journalists (F = 92, M = 34) were selected to participate in this study. VET, secondary traumatic stress (STS), empathy, social support, and VPTG were measured through an online questionnaire to provide a moderated mediation model. Linear regression analysis showed that (1) VET directly predicts VPTG in reporters, and indirectly predicts VPTG through the mediating effect of STS; (2) when empathy is high, VET has a greater impact on STS levels, but when empathy is low, its effect is non-significant in the relationship between VET and VPTG; and (3) social support was not a significant moderator in the model. This study is among the first to link VET to VPTG among journalists, demonstrating that STS mediates this relationship and that empathy moderates the association between VET and STS. The results imply that dealing indirectly with trauma can lead to positive psychological changes in journalists. Media organisations can facilitate VPTG by offering comprehensive psychological support for journalists exposed to indirect traumatic events.
Power-informed practice in social work
Authors: Karim Samina
Published: June 2023

• Summary: This article reviews the existing literature on power within a social work context and extends the analysis to broader sociological understandings through which to rethink the ways in which social work professionals understand and work with power within everyday practice. • Findings: The review argues that prevailing dichotomies, which feature so centrally in theoretical conceptualisations of power, offering binary positions of power as ‘good or bad’, ‘positive or negative’ and ‘productive or limiting’ are limiting in themselves. It is argued that power must also be recognised as a construct which operates in a synchronous way; whereby it can impact in limiting and productive ways at the same time. • Applications: To support this position, the Power-informed Practice (PiP) framework, which recognises power at the individual, professional and structural levels is offered. The utility of the framework in providing a clearer understanding of power is then presented in relation to working with children who have experienced abuse. As a tool, the framework enables social workers to structure their analysis of power within all areas of contemporary social work practice, in order to promote and support processes of empowerment.
Art in water and sanitation research in Nepal: a performance with sanitation workers
Authors: Macpherson Hannah , Fox Alice , Ranjit Ashmina , Church Andrew
Published: June 2023

This paper documents and discusses the creation of a performance (dance and song) by 12 sanitation workers in Nepal working with artists Alice Fox (UK) and Ashmina Ranjit (Nepal). This creative work was one element within an international, interdisciplinary research programme that explored shit flow, wastewater and marginality in five rapidly developing off-grid towns. Performed at the Lumbini Peace Park as part of the 2022 Women of the World Festival, an important objective of the work was raising awareness of issues affecting sanitation workers, who are among the most precarious workers in the world. Using photos and artist commentary, ‘we’ (geographers and artists) show how the performance (un)seen (un)clean opened a creative space through which to engage and circulate the lived experiences of workers.
Outcomes of the Ankura Stent Graft for Endovascular Repair of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Tigkiropoulos Konstantinos , Abatzis-Papadopoulos Manolis , Papoutsis Ioakeim , Sidiropoulou Katerina , Stavridis Kyriakos , Karamanos Dimitrios , Lazaridis Ioannis , Saratzis MD Nikolaos
Published: June 2023

Objective:

The purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to report outcomes of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) with the novel endograft, Ankura (Lifetech Scientific, Shenzen, China).

Methods:

We identified all patients who underwent elective EVAR with Ankura stent graft in a tertiary unit from January 2015 to November 2021. Patients with ruptured infrarenal and juxtarenal aortic aneurysms were excluded from the study. All patients were anatomically suitable according to the instructions for use (IFU). Follow-up (FU) included computed tomography angiography (CTA) at 1 month, 12 months, and yearly thereafter if endoleak (EL) was not present. Primary outcomes included technical success (primary and secondary) and 30-day overall mortality and morbidity. Secondary outcomes included late overall and aneurysm-related mortality as well as influence of suprarenal fixation of the endograft on renal function at 12 months using eGFR (CKI-EPI formula).

Results:

The Ankura endograft was successfully implanted in 116 patients (mean age=71.1 years, 96.5% male). Mean aneurysm diameter was 62.3 mm. Median FU was 34 months (2-72 months). Primary and secondary technical success were 95.7% and 100%, respectively. Overall type I EL was 5% (2 proximal, 3 distal) and type II EL was 13%. Thirty days mortality and morbidity were 0% and 5.2%, respectively. All-cause mortality during FU was 13.9% (n=16); aneurysm-related mortality was 2.6% (n=3). Limb endograft patency was 100%. Freedom from reintervention was 98.2% at 2 years, and 97.4% at 4 and 6 years respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between preoperative (73.69 mL/min/1.73 m2) and postoperative (66.66 mL/min/1.73 m2) eGFR at 12 months (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Ankura endograft has demonstrated an efficacious durability with low aneurysm-related mortality and high iliac limb patency rate. Elective EVAR is associated with significant decline in renal function at 12 months in our study. Larger series studies are necessary to evaluate long-term safety and efficacy of Ankura endograft.

Clinical Impact

Ankura stent graft is a novel PTFE endograft with suprarenal fixation for infrarenal aneurysm repair. This retrospective cohort study of 116 patients provide a first “picture” of Ankura safety and efficacy in a European tertiary vascular center. High technical success rate, low aneurysm related mortality and high limb patency rate are the main findings of the study with a negative impact of suprarenal fixation on kidney function during follow up.
Investigation of Combined Carotid Endarterectomy and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Outcomes and Adverse Event Risk Factors in the Vascular Quality Initiative
Authors: Penton Ashley , Lin Jonathan , Kolde Grant , DeJong Matthew , Blecha Matthew
Published: June 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate outcomes of simultaneous CEA and CABG utilizing the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI). Additionally, we seek to investigate risks for both perioperative and long-term mortality and adverse neurological outcomes.

Methods

All carotid endarterectomies in the VQI between January 2003 and May 2022 were queried. We identified 171,816 CEA in the database. We extracted 2 cohorts from these CEA. The first group was patients who underwent simultaneous carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and coronary artery bypass (CABG) (N = 3137). The second group encompassed patients who underwent CABG or percutaneous coronary artery angioplasty/stent within 5 years of ultimately undergoing CEA (N = 27,387). We investigated the following outcomes in a multivariable fashion: 1. Risks for mortality in long term follow-up for both cohorts combined; 2. Risks for ischemic event in the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the CEA site after index hospital admission in follow up for both cohorts combined. Tertiary outcomes are also investigated in the manuscript.

Results

On multivariable analysis, patients undergoing simultaneous combined CEA and CABG had equivalent long-term survival to patients who underwent coronary revascularization within 5 years of ultimately undergoing CEA. Five-year survival is noted to be 84.5% vs 86% with a Cox regression non-significant P-value (.203). Significant multivariable risks for reduced long term survival (P < .03 for all) included: advancing age (HR 2.48/year); smoking history (HR 1.26); Diabetes (HR 1.33); history of CHF (HR 1.66); history of COPD (HR 1.54); baseline renal insufficiency at the time of surgery (HR 1.30); anemia (HR1.64); lack of preoperative aspirin (HR 1.12); and lack of preoperative statin (HR 1.32); lack of patch placement at CEA site (HR 1.16); perioperative MI (HR 2.04); perioperative CHF (1.66); perioperative dysrhythmia (HR 1.36); cerebral reperfusion injury (HR 2.23); perioperative ischemic neurological event (HR 2.48); and lack of statin at discharge (HR 2.04). Amongst patients with documented neurological status in follow up, combined CEA and CABG had over 99% freedom from ischemic cerebral event ipsilateral to the CEA site after discharge.

Conclusions

Combined CEA and CABG provides excellent long-term mortality prevention in patients with co-existing severe coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. Simultaneous CEA and CABG provides equivalent stroke prevention and long-term survival to both a cohort of patients undergoing coronary revascularization within 5 years of CEA and patients undergoing isolated CEA or CABG in the literature. The two most impactful modifiable risk factors towards long-term stroke and mortality prevention for patients undergoing simultaneous CEA-CABG are patch placement at CEA site and adherence to statin medication therapy.
Does It MultiMatch? What Scanpath Comparison Tells us About Task Performance in Teams
Authors: El Iskandarani Mohamad , Atweh Jad A. , McGarry Shannon P. D. , Riggs Sara L. , Moacdieh Nadine Marie
Published: June 2023

Teamwork and collaboration form the cornerstones of organizational performance and success. It is important to understand how the attention allocation of team members is linked to performance. One approach to studying attention allocation in a team context is to compare the scanpath similarity of two people working in teams and to explore the link between scanpath similarity and team performance. In this study, participants were recruited to work in pairs on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) task that included low and high workload conditions. An eye tracker was used to collect the eye movements of both participants in each team. The scanpaths of two teammates were compared in low and high workload conditions using MultiMatch, an established scanpath comparison algorithm. The obtained scanpath similarity values were correlated with performance measures of response time and accuracy. Several MultiMatch measures showed significant strong correlations across multiple dimensions, providing insight into team behavior and attention allocation. The results suggested that the more similar each team member’s scanpath is, the better their performance. Additional research and consideration of experimental variables will be necessary to further understand how best to use MultiMatch for scanpath similarity assessment in complex domains.
Fatigue life prediction of 3D braided carbon/carbon composites with braided angle variation at elevated temperature
Authors: Yang Xinglin , Zhang Shengyu , Chen Bo , Ma Bingjie , Xing Xue
Published: June 2023

The braiding angle of 3D braided carbon/carbon composites (C/CCs) will change during high temperature fatigue loading, which will affect the fatigue properties of 3D braided C/CCs. In order to realize this dynamic simulation in the high temperature fatigue life prediction of 3D braided C/CCs and further improve the prediction accuracy of high temperature fatigue life of 3D braided C/CCs, a high temperature fatigue life prediction model of 3D braided C/CCs considering the change of braiding angle with fatigue cycle number was established. The establishment of the prediction model mainly includes: a meso-scale representative volume elements (RVEs) of 3D braided C/CCs considering yarn direction and fiber bundle cross-section shape is established at the meso-scale; the high temperature residual stiffness and residual strength models of fiber bundles considering high temperature and stress level are established. Based on the experimental data characteristics of high temperature fatigue residual stiffness of 3D braided C/CCs, a mathematical model of cycle number/braided angles (CN/BAs) is established. The fatigue life prediction model was used to predict the 3D braided C/CCs at 700°C and stress levels of 87% and 85%. The results showed that the prediction error of single flower node was less than 5%. The fatigue life prediction error is less than two times the tolerance.
Darcy-Forchheimer hybrid nanofluids flow with quadratic convection over a stretched tube
Authors: Ullah Zakir , Zari Islam , Gul Taza , Ali Ishtiaq , Alghamdi Wajdi , Ali Fatima
Published: June 2023

The study of well-known Darcian fluidic streams and hybrid nanofluids is an essential need of nowadays researchers in regard to their exceptional heat transfer rates and implementations. The significance of hybrid nanofluids in controlling heat transmission cannot be overemphasized. Therefore, this article scrutinizes the Darcy Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanofluid toward a flexible tube. The flow rates near the surface of the cylinder are investigated by applying the Darcy-Forchheimer theory while examining the heat transfer rate, nonlinear convection expressions are used. The analysis also considers thermal radiation and chemical reactions. One of sophisticated numerical approach Runge–Kutta method (RK4) is selected for the proposed problem’s solution. The main novelty of present research is to examine the characteristics of hybrid nanofluids in the context of heat transfer over an extending cylinder for the purposes of enhancement regarding thermal transference and inertial impacts. Results shows that hybrid-based nanofluid provides upsurges in solid volume fraction of nanoparticles accompanied by an enhancement in the heat transfer rate by 4.32%, 5.8%, and 14.46% individually. The outcomes witnessed that hybrid based proposed nanofluids increased thermal transportation processes more effectively than other nanofluids.
Electro-mechanical braking system spindle unbalance axis trajectory purification and feedback method
Authors: Jin Huawei , Chen Zhuqi , Wang Chuanli , Xu Huwei
Published: June 2023

The brake disc spindle of the electromechanical braking system will be accompanied by vibration unbalanced fault during the rotation operation, which will affect the braking performance of the brake system. In view of this phenomenon, based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition algorithm and related energy operation theory, an offline purification program for the unbalanced axial trajectory of the spindle of electromechanical braking system are designed. Meanwhile, an online braking control feedback procedure for the axial trajectory are designed based on Cspace controller. Based on the designed program and braking theory, an experimental bench of the electro-mechanical braking system was set up, and experiments were conducted on the purification of the axial trajectory and the braking of the fault feedback respectively. The results show that the EEMD algorithm and the related energy operation theory can purify the unbalanced axial trajectory of the brake discs of the braking system and draw an ideal axial trajectory fault map; meanwhile, the experimental data of the fault feedback braking shows that the time required from the unbalanced fault monitoring to the completion of the braking process of the braking system is 1.278 s, which can effectively achieve the purpose of emergency braking in case of sudden failure. Through research, a new idea is provided for the development of electro-mechanical braking system fault detection and feedback.