bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pigmented Microbial Extract (PMB) from Exiguobacterium Species MB2 Strain (PMB1) and Bacillus subtilis Strain MB1 (PMB2) Inhibited Breast Cancer Cells Growth In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Bandi Deepa R. , Chitturi Ch M. Kumari , Aswathanarayan Jamuna Bai , Veeresh Prashant Kumar M. , Bovilla Venugopal R. , Sukocheva Olga A. , Devi Potireddy Suvarnalatha , Natraj Suma M. , Madhunapantula SubbaRao V.
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer (BC) continues to be one of the major causes of cancer deaths in women. Progress has been made in targeting hormone and growth factor receptor-positive BCs with clinical efficacy and success. However, little progress has been made to develop a clinically viable treatment for the triple-negative BC cases (TNBCs). The current study aims to identify potent agents that can target TNBCs. Extracts from microbial sources have been reported to contain pharmacological agents that can selectively inhibit cancer cell growth. We have screened and identified pigmented microbial extracts (PMBs) that can inhibit BC cell proliferation by targeting legumain (LGMN). LGMN is an oncogenic protein expressed not only in malignant cells but also in tumor microenvironment cells, including tumor-associated macrophages. An LGMN inhibition assay was performed, and microbial extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity in BC cell lines, angiogenesis assay with chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and tumor xenograft models in Swiss albino mice. We have identified that PMB from the Exiguobacterium (PMB1), inhibits BC growth more potently than PMB2, from the Bacillus subtilis strain. The analysis of PMB1 by GC-MS showed the presence of a variety of fatty acids and fatty-acid derivatives, small molecule phenolics, and aldehydes. PMB1 inhibited the activity of oncogenic legumain in BC cells and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. PMB1 reduced the angiogenesis and inhibited BC cell migration. In mice, intraperitoneal administration of PMB1 retarded the growth of xenografted Ehrlich ascites mammary tumors and mitigated the proliferation of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity in vivo. In summary, our findings demonstrate the high antitumor potential of PMB1.
Donor Age, Sex, and Cause of Death and Their Relationship to Heart Transplant Recipient Cardiac Death
Authors: Hammond Margo , Zollinger Charles , Vidic Andrija , Snow Gregory , Stehlik Josef , Alharethi Rami , Kfoury Abdallah , Drakos Stavros , Hammond M
Published: December 2023

Background: Recent studies indicate that donor innate immune responses participate in initiating and accelerating innate responses and allorecognition in the recipient. These immune responses negatively affect recipient outcomes and predispose recipients to cardiovascular death (CV death). We hypothesized that a donor cause of death (COD) associated with higher levels of innate immune response would predispose recipients to more adverse outcomes post-transplant, including CV death. Methods: We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis comparing donor characteristics and COD to recipient adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We analyzed the medical records of local adult donors (age 18–64) in a database of donors where adequate data was available. Donor age was available on 706 donors; donor sex was available on 730 donors. We linked donor characteristics (age and sex) and COD to recipient CV death. The data were analyzed using logistic regression, the log-rank test of differences, and Tukey contrast. Results: Donor age, female sex, and COD of intracranial hemorrhage were significantly associated with a higher incidence of recipient CV death. Conclusions: In this single institution study, we found that recipients with hearts from donors over 40 years, donors who were female, or donors who died with a COD of intracranial hemorrhage had a higher frequency of CV death. Donor monitoring and potential treatment of innate immune activation may decrease subsequent recipient innate responses and allorecognition stimulated by donor-derived inflammatory signaling, which leads to adverse outcomes.
Sevelamer Use and Mortality in People with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 4 and 5 Not on Dialysis
Authors: Molina Pablo , Molina Mariola D. , Carrero Juan J. , Escudero Verónica , Torralba Javier , Castro-Alonso Cristina , Beltrán Sandra , Vizcaíno Belén , González-Moya Mercedes , Kanter Julia , Sancho-Calabuig Asunción , Bover Jordi , Górriz José L.
Published: December 2023

Rationale and objective: Data suggest that non-calcium-based binders, and specifically sevelamer, may lead to lower rates of death when compared with calcium-based binders in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. However, the association between sevelamer use and mortality for those with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD) patients has been uncertain. Study design: Our research is presented in a prospective cohort study. Setting and participants: A total of 966 participants with NDD-CKD stages 4–5 were enrolled in the PECERA study from 12 centers in Spain. Exposure: The participants were treated with sevelamer. Outcome: This study yielded all-cause and cardiovascular mortality outcomes. Analytical approach: We conducted an association analysis between mortality and sevelamer use with time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models. Results: After a median follow-up of 29 months (IQR: 13–36 months), death occurred in 181 participants (19%), with cardiovascular (n = 95, 53%) being the leading cause of death. In a multivariable model, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for patients under sevelamer treatment were 0.44 (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.88) and 0.37 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.75) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively, compared with those of untreated patients. Limitations: Some limitations include potential confusion via indication bias; causal statements about these associations cannot be made due to the observational nature of this study. Conclusions: In this prospective NDD-CKD cohort study, the administration of sevelamer was independently associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, suggesting that non-calcium-based phosphate binders might be the first-line therapy for phosphate lowering in this population. Further interventional studies clarifying the risks and benefits of phosphate binders in NDD-CKD are warranted.
The Clinical Diagnosis-Based Nationwide Epidemiology of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease in Korea
Authors: Lee Nam-Hun , Jeong Seok-Ju , Wang Jing-Hua , Choi Yu-Jin , Oh Hyeon-Muk , Cho Jung-Hyo , Ahn Yo-Chan , Son Chang-Gue
Published: December 2023

Background: Although most epidemiological studies have been conducted using a relatively small population or subjects who had medical screenings, the present study aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of MASLD (formerly NAFLD) in Korea using nationwide registry data provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). Methods: Using nationwide medical records provided by HIRA, we analyzed the entire dataset of patients with MASL (KCD10-K76.0) and MASH (KCD10-K75.8) from 2010 to 2021 and calculated the incidence and prevalence by year, age, and gender. The prevalence and incidence rates were calculated by analyzing the HIRA data covering almost the entire population of Korea for 12 years, from 2010 to 2021, with an average population of 50,856,244 during this period. Statistical analyses included calculating confidence intervals using Ulm’s formula and conducting sex- and age-specific analyses with a Cochran–Armitage test for trends. Results: The annual incidence of MASL/MASH increased significantly from 9.71/0.37 in 2010 to 13.95/5.52 per 1000 persons in 2021 (p < 0.01). The annual prevalence of MASL increased from 15.69 in 2010 to 34.23 per 1000 persons in 2021, while the annual prevalence of MASH increased from 0.49 to 9.79 per 1000 persons between 2010 and 2021 (p < 0.01). Regarding the sex-dimorphic feature of MASLD, there was a male predominance in those < 50 years old but a female predominance in those ≥ 50 years old for the incidence and prevalence of MASL and the incidence of MASH. Conclusion: The incidence of MASL increased by 3% to 4% every year, while the incidence of MASH increased 14.91-fold from 2010 to 2021. The increasing trend is noteworthy compared with previous reports.
Benefits of Integrating Technology into Home Exercise Therapy in Patients with Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Rotundu Andreea , Oancea Andra , Maștaleru Alexandra , Costache Alexandru-Dan , Cumpăt Carmen Marinela , Abdulan Irina Mihaela , Alexa Anisia Iuliana , Chirica Costin , Russu Mara , Leon Maria Magdalena
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Telerehabilitation is an approach that uses digital technology to provide remote medical recovery services. It can be an option for cardiovascular recovery at home in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower limbs. (2) Methods: We performed literature research through two databases: PubMed and Embase. We included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that evaluated the effectiveness of a technology-assisted home exercise intervention compared with conventional rehabilitation or the usual care in patients with PAD. We analyzed population, intervention, and outcome data. (3) Results: We identified 2468 studies. After rigorous screening, we included 25 articles in the review. The following results were evaluated: dissemination and acceptance of digital technologies among these people, functional capacity, exercise intensity, patient motivation, sex-specific response differences in mortality and clinical outcomes, quality of life assessment, and changes in values of inflammatory biomarkers. All of these were correlated with the type of intervention and the dose of the exercise. (4) Conclusions: Home-based exercise therapy supervised with the help of specific devices could be successfully implemented in the therapeutic management of the PAD population. Health specialists should take into account the clinical–paraclinical profile and the emotional status of the patients. Such individualized interventions could bring significant benefits for the people with this disease and for the healthcare system, including increasing exercise adherence, engagement, self-care capacity, life expectancy, and quality of life for these patients, as well as reducing their symptoms, cardiovascular complications, and hospitalizations.
A Systematic Review of Recent Deep Learning Approaches for 3D Human Pose Estimation
Authors: El Kaid Amal , Baïna Karim
Published: December 2023

Three-dimensional human pose estimation has made significant advancements through the integration of deep learning techniques. This survey provides a comprehensive review of recent 3D human pose estimation methods, with a focus on monocular images, videos, and multi-view cameras. Our approach stands out through a systematic literature review methodology, ensuring an up-to-date and meticulous overview. Unlike many existing surveys that categorize approaches based on learning paradigms, our survey offers a fresh perspective, delving deeper into the subject. For image-based approaches, we not only follow existing categorizations but also introduce and compare significant 2D models. Additionally, we provide a comparative analysis of these methods, enhancing the understanding of image-based pose estimation techniques. In the realm of video-based approaches, we categorize them based on the types of models used to capture inter-frame information. Furthermore, in the context of multi-person pose estimation, our survey uniquely differentiates between approaches focusing on relative poses and those addressing absolute poses. Our survey aims to serve as a pivotal resource for researchers, highlighting state-of-the-art deep learning strategies and identifying promising directions for future exploration in 3D human pose estimation.
Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Organic Matter Accumulation in a Hydrocarbon-Bearing Depression in the East China Sea
Authors: Zhan Junming , Liu Entao , Chen Si , Zhang Qiyang , Chen Yuyue , Zhong Jialin , Zhou Yongkun , Yang Peifeng , Jiao Yangshuo
Published: December 2023

Investigating the paleoenvironment and characteristics of source rocks in sedimentary basins is crucial for understanding organic matter accumulation and guiding hydrocarbon exploration. The Lishui Sag, a significant hydrocarbon-bearing depression in the East China Sea, has experienced extensive marine transgression and increasing salinity in the Paleocene, but the changes in accumulation factors of organic matter during this evolution process remain unclear. Through a comprehensive analysis of total organic carbon (TOC), major and trace elements, and biomarker data, this study investigates the characteristics of source rocks from two lithostratigraphic units, namely the Paleocene Yueguifeng and Lingfeng formations, to gain deep insight into the effects of paleoenvironment on organic matter accumulation and hydrocarbon distribution. Our results indicate that the Lishui Sag transitioned from a closed lake to an open-marine environment in the Paleocene, with a shift from warm-humid to arid climate conditions. The biomarker distribution suggests a change in the origin of organic matter, with a higher input of terrestrial organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation. During the early stage, the lacustrine source rocks in the lower Yueguifeng Formation were formed in a relatively humid and anoxic environment within brackish water, resulting in a substantial influx of terrestrial and lacustrine algae organic matter. In contrast, in the late stage, the marine source rocks in the overlying Lingfeng Formation were developed in an arid and oxidizing environment. The lacustrine source rocks in the Yueguifeng Formation were notably more favorable to developing good-quality source rocks. Compared with the other regions, the western and northeastern parts of the study area have greater hydrocarbon generation potential due to the wider distribution of high maturity and organic-rich source rocks, with higher terrestrial and algal organic matter input. Moreover, considering the practical circumstances in the exploration, the northeastern part of the Lishui Sag is recommended as the next exploration target zone.
Towards an Integrated and Accurate Planktonic-Foraminiferal-Deduced Bio-Chrono-Stratigraphic Framework of Late Quaternary Mediterranean Marine Cores
Authors: Kontakiotis George , Antonarakou Assimina , Besiou Evangelia , Skampa Elisavet , Triantaphyllou Maria V.
Published: December 2023

The late Quaternary is a key stratigraphic interval as it encompasses the Late Glacial to Holocene transition, which is characterized by a series of pronounced centennial climate oscillations and subsequent short-term events of paleoceanographic variability. Across this stratigraphic interval, significant turnovers and faunal changes in the composition and abundance of planktonic foraminiferal assemblages are well-documented through their high-resolution quantitative analysis performed in the south Aegean core NS-18. The identification of 10 synchronous bioevents among the Mediterranean sub-basins allows accurate inter-basinal correlations over the study time interval, thus contributing to the development of a robust chronostratigraphic framework for this setting. Moreover, the identification and timing of additional 20 diachronous bioevents, in conjunction with the already established bio-ecozonation scheme of the Aegean Sea, provide a continuous record of faunal changes (in terms of species-specific distributional abundances) which can be used as an additional locally expressed biochronological tool for the eastern Mediterranean deep-sea cores. The present study certainly indicates that the cause-and-effect relationships between the paleoceanographic/paleoclimatic perturbations and biological response require a highly resolved regional chronostratigraphy.
Incorporating Mooring Dynamics into the Control Design of a Two-Body Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Funk Spencer , Haider Ali Shahbaz , Bubbar Kush , Buckham Brad
Published: December 2023

Mooring systems are a critical component of all floating wave energy converter (WEC) systems, yet the impact of amooring system on the WEC dynamics is often neglected during the initial assessment of candidate designs. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the inclusion of mooring dynamics in the early stages of the WEC design process influences decisions regarding hydrodynamic features and control strategies. The study was executed within a mechanical circuit framework to represent the WEC response in the frequency domain. Thevenin’s theorem was applied within this framework to transform a multi-body WEC into a single-body canonical form. This work specifically focused on self-reacting point absorbers and examined how four realistic mooring designs impact WEC intrinsic mechanical impedance across a range of common wave frequencies. We show how the mooring can easily be included in this framework, and a simple approach to identifying the mooring model parameters is described. It was observed that if mooring dynamics are considered within the WEC control design process, a 40% reduction in the required range of the controller physical variable can be achieved while yielding up to 16% more useful power. These results suggest that considering the mooring system early can enhance WEC design.
A Case of Polymyositis Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Patient with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Ktona Ergeta , Budani Blerta , Kostas-Agnantis Ioannis , Idrizi Alma
Published: December 2023

Polymyositis is a rare condition with an unknown etiology occurring more frequently in adult women. There is a lack of evidence on the coexistence of PM and CMV infection in a patient with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. However, the growing occurrence of both CMV infection and the simultaneous occurrence of autoimmune diseases points out a relationship, while the association direction remains unclear. Case outline: A 32-year-old woman recently treated for HT hypothyroidism was admitted to the hospital two weeks after being treated for common flu by the family doctor, complaining about a worsening condition with muscle pain, weakness, frequent falls, and fatigue. The first tests showed a normalized thyroid function, with elevated values of troponin and serum creatinine kinase (CK). The immunological tests revealed the presence of a high titer of CMV IgG antibodies and raised levels of CMV DNA. Pelvis MRI images demonstrated markedly elevated signals on the STIR sequences in the pelvis, thighs, and calves, indicating active and severe multifocal myositis. The diagnosis of PM was confirmed with the muscle biopsy on day 7 of hospitalization. The patient showed significant improvements within two weeks after the medical therapy and physiotherapy.
Tensile Failure Behaviors of Adhesively Bonded Structure Based on In Situ X-ray CT and FEA
Authors: Tang Jiawen , Niu Bo , Cao Yu , Zhang Yayun , Long Donghui
Published: December 2023

Adhesive bonding plays a pivotal role in structural connections, yet the bonding strength is notably affected by the presence of pore defects. However, the invisibility of interior pores severely poses a challenge to understanding their influence on tensile failure behaviors under loading. In this study, we present a pioneering investigation into the real-time micro-failure mechanisms of adhesively bonded structures using in situ X-ray micro-CT. Moreover, the high-precision finite element analysis (FEA) of stress distribution is realized by establishing the real adhesive layer model based on micro-CT slices. The findings unveil that pores induce stress concentration within the adhesive layer during the tensile process, with stress levels significantly contingent upon pore sizes rather than their specific shapes. Consequently, larger pores initiate and propagate cracks along their paths, ultimately culminating in the failure of adhesively bonded structures. These outcomes serve as a significant stride in elucidating how pore defects affect the bonding performance of adhesively bonded structures, offering invaluable insights into their mechanisms.
Effect of Rapid Hollow Cathode Plasma Nitriding Treatment on Corrosion Resistance and Friction Performance of AISI 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Lu Jinpeng , Dou Haichun , Zhou Zelong , Li Haihong , Wang Zhengwei , Jiang Mingquan , Li Fengjiao , Gao Yue , Song Chenyu , Fang Dazhen , He Yongyong , Li Yang
Published: December 2023

Low-temperature plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel can ensure that its corrosion resistance does not deteriorate, improving surface hardness and wear performance. Nevertheless, it requires a longer processing time. The hollow cathode discharge effect helps increase the plasma density quickly while radiatively heating the workpiece. This work is based on the hollow cathode discharge effect to perform a rapid nitriding strengthening treatment on AISI 304 stainless steels. The experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (450, 475, and 500 °C) for 1 h in an ammonia atmosphere. The samples were characterized using various techniques, including SEM, AFM, XPS, XRD, and micro-hardness measurement. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods were employed to assess the electrochemical behavior of the different samples in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The finding suggests that rapid hollow cathode plasma nitriding can enhance the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion properties of AISI 304 stainless steel.
On Flag-Transitive, Point-Quasiprimitive Symmetric 2-(v,k,λ) Designs with λ Prime
Authors: Zhang Yongli , Shen Jiaxin , Zhang Zhilin
Published: December 2023

This paper contributes to the classification of flag-transitive symmetric 2-(v,k,λ) designs with λ prime. We investigate the structure of flag-transitive, point-quasiprimitive automorphism groups (G) of such 2-designs by applying the classification of quasiprimitive permutation groups. It is shown that the automorphism groups (G) have either an abelian socle or a non-abelian simple socle. Moreover, according to the classification of finite simple groups, we demonstrate that point-quasiprimitivity implies point-primitivity of G, except when the socle of G is PSLn(q).
Hybrid Wideband Beamforming for Sum Spectral Efficiency Maximization in Millimeter-Wave Relay-Assisted Multiuser MIMO Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Abbasi Zunira , Mustafa Hafiz Muhammad Tahir , Baik Jung-In , Adnan Muhammad , Awan Waqar Majeed , Song Hyoung-Kyu
Published: December 2023

Relay-assisted hybrid beamforming plays an inevitable role in enhancing network coverage, transmission range, and spectral efficiency while simultaneously reducing hardware cost, power consumption, and hardware implementation complexity. This study investigates a cognitive radio network (CRN)-based hybrid wideband transceiver for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) decode-and-forward (DF) relay-assisted multiuser (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. It is worth mentioning that the underlying problem has not been addressed so far, which is a real motivation behind the proposed algorithm. The joint optimization of hybrid processing components and the constant amplitude constraints imposed by the analog beamforming solution make this problem non-convex and NP-hard. Furthermore, the analog beamformer common to all sub-carriers is another challenging aspect of the underlying problem. To derive the frequency-flat analog processing component in the radio frequency (RF) domain and frequency-dependent baseband processing matrices in the baseband domain, the original complicated problem is reformulated as two single-hop sum-rate maximization sub-problems. Taking advantage of this decomposition, the sum spectral efficiency is maximized through RF precoding and combining. On the other hand, the impact of interference among transmitted data streams and inter-user interference (IUI) is minimized via baseband processing matrices. Finally, computer simulations are conducted by changing system parameters, considering both perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves performance close to full-complexity precoding and outperforms other well-known hybrid beamforming techniques. Specifically, more than 95% efficiency is achieved with perfect CSI, and more than 90% efficiency is attained under the assumption of 30% error in the estimated channels.
The Rate of Postoperative Complications in Complicated Acute, and Subacute Type B Aortic Dissections after TEVAR vs. PETTICOAT Procedures: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Niklas Natalia , Królikowska Klaudia , Zdrodowska Kinga , Gutowski Piotr , Kazimierczak Arkadiusz , Rynio Paweł
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: Provisional extension to induce complete attachment (PETTICOAT) is suggested as being associated with a lower incidence of aorta-related events and fewer reinterventions compared to thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with complicated acute, and subacute type B aortic dissections. Materials and Methods: This article is a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines. The Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched, starting on 21 February 2022 and ending on 22 June 2022, to identify studies that investigated the rate of postoperative complications in patients treated with the PETTICOAT compared to the TEVAR. A random effects meta-analysis was performed. Of 2350 studies, 5 studies involving 360 patients were included: 143 patients after the PETTICOAT procedure and 217 after the TEVAR. Results: The meta-analysis of all studies showed that the rate of secondary endovascular reinterventions was smaller in patients treated with the PETTICOAT (n = 3 studies; OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.94; p = 0.04). The results of other postoperative complications (30-day mortality, mortality during follow-up, paraplegia, stroke, and occurrence of endoleak) were lower in the PETTICOAT group but were not statistically significant. The rate of postoperative renal failure was lower in patients treated with the TEVAR (n = 4; OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.46 to 2.51; p = 0.86). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that the PETTICOAT procedure is related to the lower rate of secondary endovascular reinterventions for complicated acute, and subacute type B aortic dissections.
Plasmapheresis in the ICU
Authors: Hussein Guleid , Liu Bolun , Yadav Sumeet K. , Warsame Mohamed , Jamil Ramsha , Surani Salim R. , Khan Syed A.
Published: December 2023

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a treatment paradigm used to remove harmful molecules from the body. In short, it is a technique that employs a process that functions partially outside the body and involves the replacement of the patient’s plasma. It has been used in the ICU for a number of different disease states, for some as a first-line treatment modality and for others as a type of salvage therapy. This paper provides a brief review of the principles, current applications, and potential future directions of TPE in critical care settings.
Warm Deformation at the (α + γ) Dual-Phase Region to Fabricate 2 GPa Ultrafine-Grained TRIP Steels
Authors: Zhao Jinxuan , Wang Hai , Koenigsmann Konrad , Ran Xianzhe , Zhang Peng , Zhang Shuyuan , Li Yi , Liu Huan , Liu Hui , Ren Ling , Yao Hui , Yang Ke
Published: December 2023

Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels have a range of applications in the vehicle engineering field. Developing TRIP steels with improved mechanical properties would not only allow for lightweight designs, but would also improve the safety of the materials in service. In this study, we report novel 0.4C-(3, 5, 7)Mn-1.2Mo-0.8V TRIP steels; these steels were melted and then warm-deformed at the (α + γ) dual-phase region to fabricate ultrafine-grained microstructures with average grain sizes of 200–500 nm. Results show that the tensile strengths of the steels range between 1.9 and 2.1 GPa, and their elongations range between 7% and 8.5%. The microstructural thermostability of the steels gradually decreases with an increase in the manganese content. Compared with conventional TRIP steels fabricated using the cold-rolling and annealing method, the warm-deformed TRIP steels presented here can prevent cracks forming during the fabrication process. More importantly, these steels have significantly lower dislocation densities, thus improving their ductility. The present research results provide new ideas for the design of future ultrahigh-strength TRIP steels.
Leak-before-Break (LBB)-Based Safety Verification of Reverse Cyclic Loading for 316L Stainless Steel: A Study Using Flat ESG Specimens
Authors: Choi Jaegu , Lee Dongkeun , Park Keontae , Park Soo
Published: December 2023

The leak-before-break design concept is based on J-R curves, which are obtained by J-R tests on various types of specimens and are known to be dependent on the cyclic load history. The J-R curves of standard specimens suggested by the American Society for Testing Materials are determined based on quasi-static tensile loading. However, seismic loading induces a reverse cyclic loading that alternately applies a tensile and a compressive load to nuclear plant piping. Therefore, it is very important to obtain the fracture toughness characteristics under reverse cyclic loading for the integrity estimation of nuclear plant piping. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of reverse cyclic loading on the fracture toughness characteristics of SA312 TP316L stainless steel, which is a nuclear plant piping material. J-R tests on a flat, equivalent stress gradient specimen with varying incremental displacement were carried out. The test results were reviewed by comparing the J-R test results under quasi-static loading. In addition, the safety margin of the nuclear plant piping was evaluated using a crack driving force diagram method. For the SA312 TP316L stainless steel, the results showed that the J-R curves were decreased with a decrease in the incremental displacement. When the incremental displacement was set to 0.25 mm, the unstable crack growth point value was about 73.0% of those for the quasi-static loading conditions.
Bioactive Components of Lycium barbarum and Deep-Processing Fermentation Products
Authors: Qiang Xiao , Xia Ting , Geng Beibei , Zhao Man , Li Xuan , Zheng Yu , Wang Min
Published: December 2023

Lycium barbarum, a homology of medicine and food, contains many active ingredients including polysaccharides, polyphenol, betaine, and carotenoids, which has health benefits and economic value. The bioactive components in Lycium barbarum exhibit the effects of antioxidation, immune regulation, hypoglycemic effects, and vision improvement. Recently, the development of nutrition and health products of Lycium barbarum has been paid more and more attention with the increase in health awareness. A variety of nutrients and bioactive components in wolfberry can be retained or increased using modern fermentation technology. Through fermentation, the products have better flavor and health function, which better meet the needs of market diversification. The main products related to wolfberry fermentation include wolfberry fruit wine, wolfberry fruit vinegar, and lactic acid fermented beverage. In this review, the mainly bioactive components of Lycium barbarum and its deep-processing products of fermentation were summarized and compared. It will provide reference for the research and development of fermented and healthy products of Lycium barbarum.
Hemp-Derived CBD Used in Food and Food Supplements
Authors: Bartončíková Michaela , Lapčíková Barbora , Lapčík Lubomír , Valenta Tomáš
Published: December 2023

Cannabis sativa L., a plant historically utilized for textile fibers, oil, and animal feed, is progressively being recognized as a potential food source. This review elucidates the nutritional and functional attributes of hemp and cannabidiol (CBD) within the context of food science. Hemp is characterized by the presence of approximately 545 secondary metabolites, among which around 144 are bioactive cannabinoids of primary importance. The study looks in detail at the nutritional components of cannabis and the potential health benefits of CBD, encompassing anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and antipsychotic effects. The review deals with the legislation and potential applications of hemp in the food industry and with the future directions of cannabis applications as well. The paper emphasizes the need for more scientific investigation to validate the safety and efficacy of hemp components in food products, as current research suggests that CBD may have great benefits for a wide range of consumers.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency Using the 15N Dilution Technique for Wheat Yield under Conservation Agriculture and Nitrogen Fertilizer
Authors: Maher Hassnae , Moussadek Rachid , Zouahri Abdelmjid , Douaik Ahmed , Amenzou Nour Eddine , Benmansour Moncef , Iaaich Hamza , Dakak Houria , El Mouridi Zineb , Bellaouchou Abdelkbir , Ghanimi Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Conservation agriculture (CA), which could contribute to sustainable agriculture, maintains or improves soil nitrogen fertility by eliminating tillage (no-tillage). Quantitative assessment of soil constituents is enhanced by stable isotope techniques such as 15N, which are used to better understand nitrogen dynamics. This study was therefore carried out to assess the impact of tillage type and fertilizer application on soil and plant nitrogen fractionation. The trial consisted of two tillage types: no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Three nitrogen doses (82, 115, and 149 kg ha−1) were applied. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. The Louiza variety of durum wheat was used in this study. Soil nitrogen sequestration was assessed using the stable nitrogen isotope (15N) method. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that, overall, there was no significant difference between tillage types and nitrogen doses for grain and straw yields and grain total nitrogen. In contrast, the effect of both factors and their interaction were significant for straw total nitrogen. There was no difference between tillage types for grain nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), even though NT was superior to CT by 3.5%, but nitrogen doses had a significant effect and a significant interaction with tillage type. When comparing nitrogen doses for each tillage type separately, results showed that the average NUE for grain was 20.5, 8.4, and 16.5%, respectively, for the three nitrogen doses for CT compared with 26.8, 19.0, and 30.6% for NT, indicating clearly the better performance of NT compared to CT. Regarding straw, the NUE is 3.2, 3.5, and 5.4% for CT compared with 3.4, 4.9, and 9.2% for NT. NUE in grain and straw under no-tillage was higher than under conventional tillage in all three nitrogen doses. These results show that soil conservation techniques such as no-tillage and the integrated application of nitrogen fertilizer can be good strategies for reducing soil nitrogen losses.
The SHED Index: A Validation Study to Assess Sustainable HEalthy Diets in Portugal
Authors: Liz Martins Margarida , Tepper Sigal , Marques Bebiana , Abreu Sandra
Published: December 2023

This study aims to adapt and validate the Sustainable HEalthy Diet (SHED) Index for the Portuguese adult population, which was developed to assess sustainable and healthy eating patterns. Data were collected using a web-based questionnaire administered through interviews with 347 individuals aged between 18 and 65 years old. The SHED Index evaluates 30 items, allowing for the assessment and scoring of sustainable and healthy eating patterns. The higher the SHED Index score, the more sustainable and healthier the diet. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the participants’ dietary intake. The criterion validity was examined by testing the relationship between the SHED Index score and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Reproducibility was assessed by determining agreement and reliability with test–retest. Construct validity was confirmed based on established criteria. A higher SHED Index score was associated with moderate to high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while it was inversely related to the proportion of animal-sourced foods in the overall food intake (r = −0.281, p < 0.001). Good reliability and agreement were found for the SHED Index score. Our findings suggest that the SHED Index is a valid and reliable tool for assessing sustainable and healthy diets in the Portuguese adult population.
Improving Eating Habits at the Office: An Umbrella Review of Nutritional Interventions
Authors: Hyży Aleksandra , Jaworski Mariusz , Cieślak Ilona , Gotlib-Małkowska Joanna , Panczyk Mariusz
Published: December 2023

(1) Workplace nutrition interventions have garnered attention as a pivotal component of employee well-being and organisational productivity. However, the effectiveness of various intervention types remains inconclusive. This review aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy of cognitive, behavioural, and mixed nutrition interventions in the workplace, considering the nuances of intervention design, setting, and target demographics. (2) A comprehensive umbrella review was conducted, categorising the existing literature into person-oriented and environmental strategies. This review was prepared in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for umbrella reviews and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting standard. (3) The analysis revealed a lack of definitive evidence supporting the universal effectiveness of any single intervention type. Nonetheless, behavioural and mixed interventions demonstrated more favourable outcomes as compared to purely cognitive strategies. Factors such as intervention design, workplace setting, and target group characteristics were identified as significant determinants of the intervention success. (4) The review emphasises the imperative for additional investigations that utilise evidence-based approaches to formulate sound guidelines for efficacious nutrition interventions in occupational settings. This review functions as a foundational framework for guiding both scholarly research and the pragmatic execution of nutrition programs in the workplace.
The Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients—A Single Polish Centre Study
Authors: Jarzynka Sylwia , Makarewicz Oliwia , Weiss Daniel , Minkiewicz-Zochniak Anna , Iwańska Agnieszka , Skorupa Wojciech , Padzik Marcin , Augustynowicz-Kopeć Ewa , Olędzka Gabriela
Published: December 2023

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most predominant pathogens of lung infections, often causing exacerbations in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Materials and Methods: Microbiological characterization of 74 PA isolates and to evaluate the correlations between the bacterial features and 44 adult Polish CF cohort clinical parameters. Results: The most common variant in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene was F508del (76.3%), followed by 3849+10kbC>T (26.3%). A total of 39.4% of the PA isolates showed multiple resistances. In patients with parameters pointing to a decline in lung function, there was a statistically significant moderate correlation with β-lactam resistance and a weak correlation between hospital frequency and colistin resistance. The mucoidity did not correlate with the biofilm formation ability, which showed 41.9% of the isolates. Proteolytic activity, observed in 60.8% of the clinical isolates, was weakly associated with motility detected in 78.4% of the strains. The genetic profiles of the PA were highly heterogeneous, and a weak positive correlation was established between cluster group and biofilm formation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is a high variety in P. aeruginosa populations in adult CF patients. There is a need to monitor PA strains in groups of patients with cystic fibrosis, in particular, in terms of the occurrence of antibiotic resistance related to a decline in lung function.
Warm Temperature Increments Strengthen the Crosstalk between Roots and Soil in the Rhizosphere of Soybean Seedlings
Authors: Zhao Wanying , Wen Mingxing , Zhao Caitong , Zhang Shurui , Dou Runa , Liang Xuefeng , Zhang Xianfeng , Liu Zhihua , Jiang Zhenfeng
Published: December 2023

The plant rhizosphere underlies the crosstalk between plant and soil and has a crucial role in plant growth and development under various environments. We examined the effect of temperature rise on the rhizosphere environment of soybean roots to clarify the rhizosphere crosstalk between roots and soil in response to warm temperature rises in a global warming background. The in situ results of root enzyme activity revealed that soybean roots secrete β-glucosidase, and enzyme spectrum imaging demonstrated different enzymatic activities under different temperature environments. The soil enzyme kinetics results showed that soil enzymatic activity increased with increasing temperature, and soybean rhizosphere soil enzymatic activity was higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil. Rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil showed that the dominant bacterial phylum in soybean rhizosphere soil was Acidobacteria, and the dominant bacterial genus was JG30-KF-AS9. Compared with non-rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil was more nutrient-rich, and root secretions provided abundant carbon sources and other nutrients for soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Rhizosphere microorganisms affect plant growth by influencing the decomposition of soil organic carbon. The organic carbon content of rhizosphere soil was higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil under high temperatures.
Study of the Photosynthesis Response during the Gradual Lack of Water for 14 Olea europaea L. subsp europaea Cultivars and Their Adaptation to Climate Change
Authors: Martos de la Fuente Genoveva Carmen , Viñegla Benjamín , Illana Rico Elena , Fernández Ocaña Ana Maria
Published: December 2023

Understanding the tolerance of plants to drought and their gradual response to lack of water is a multifaceted challenge that requires a combination of scientific research and technological innovation. Selecting naturally drought-tolerant plants and knowing their response to photosynthesis in a wide range of water availability opens a door to making decisions about the suitability of different cultivars to be implanted in specific geographical areas, based on their tolerance to drought and light absorption capacity. In this work, photosynthesis–light curves were carried out using a LiCor LI-6800 IRGA device, applying increasing light intensities to plants of 14 olive cultivars, either under control conditions (no water stress) or subject to moderate and severe water deficits. The plants were grown in a culture chamber under controlled conditions for photoperiod, air humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration. For each cultivar, the electronic transference ratio (ETR) in response to light was also obtained. Different equations were used to fit experimental data allowing us to calculate, with a regression coefficient above 0.95, different photosynthetic parameters such as the maximum photosynthetic capacity, the photosynthetic efficiency, the number of electrons or the number of photons to assimilate a molecule of CO2, and the effect of the lack of water on these parameters. This work represents the first contribution of the response to photosynthesis of many olive cultivars subjected to moderate and severe drought conditions. The parameters described, and the results provided, pave the road for subsequent work related to plant physiology and other areas of science and technology, and allow us to objectively compare the tolerance to water stress in these fourteen olive cultivars.
Patterns of Carpel Structure, Development, and Evolution in Monocots
Authors: Remizowa Margarita V. , Sokoloff Dmitry D.
Published: December 2023

The phenomenon of heterochrony, or shifts in the relative timing of ontogenetic events, is important for understanding many aspects of plant evolution, including applied issues such as crop yield. In this paper, we review heterochronic shifts in the evolution of an important floral organ, the carpel. The carpels, being ovule-bearing organs, facilitate fertilisation, seed, and fruit formation. It is the carpel that provides the key character of flowering plants, angiospermy. In many angiosperms, a carpel has two zones: proximal ascidiate and distal plicate. When carpels are free (apocarpous gynoecium), the plicate zone has a ventral slit where carpel margins meet and fuse during ontogeny; the ascidiate zone is sac-like from inception and has no ventral slit. When carpels are united in a syncarpous gynoecium, a synascidiate zone has as many locules as carpels, whereas a symplicate zone is unilocular, at least early in ontogeny. In ontogeny, either the (syn)ascidiate or (sym)plicate zone is first to initiate. The two developmental patterns are called early and late peltation, respectively. In extreme cases, either the (sym)plicate or (syn)ascidiate zone is completely lacking. Here, we discuss the diversity of carpel structure and development in a well-defined clade of angiosperms, the monocotyledons. We conclude that the common ancestor of monocots had carpels with both zones and late peltation. This result was found irrespective of the use of the plastid or nuclear phylogeny. Early peltation generally correlates with ovules belonging to the (syn)ascidiate zone, whereas late peltation is found mostly in monocots with a fertile (sym)plicate zone.
Slow Release of GA3 Hormone from Polymer Coating Overcomes Seed Dormancy and Improves Germination
Authors: Larson Alexandra J. S. , Cartwright Maureen M. , Jones Whitney D. , Luce Katrina , Chen Mei-Yu , Petersen Kate , Nelson Shannon V. , Michaelis David J. , Madsen Matthew D.
Published: December 2023

Seed dormancy often hinders direct seeding efforts that are attempting to restore degraded landscapes. Gibberellic acid (GA3) can be applied to physiologically dormant seeds to induce germination, but this hormone is rarely effective, as it can degrade or be leached from the seed. We tested different polymer matrixes (polylactic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and ethylcellulose) to apply and slowly release GA3 to the seed. These polymers were tested as seed coatings in either a powder, liquid, or a combination of powder and liquid forms. We found that a liquid ethylcellulose/GA3 coating generally outperformed the other polymers and applications methods using our test species Penstemon palmeri. With this top-performing treatment, seed germination was 3.0- and 3.9-fold higher at 15 °C and 25 °C, respectively. We also evaluated the liquid ethylcellulose/GA3 coating on P. comharrenus, P. strictus, P. pachyphyllus, and P. eatonii. Again, the coating had a strong treatment response, with the degree of difference related to the relative level of dormancy of the species. Growth studies were also performed in pots to ensure that the side effects of GA3 overdosing were not present. Here, we found minimal differences in root length, shoot length, or biomass between plants grown from untreated and GA3-coated seeds.