bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRUKTUR ANATOMI DAN KERAPATAN SEL SEKRESI SERTA AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DARI RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) ASAL KECAMATAN PENGARON KABUPATEN BANJAR KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Kuntorini Evi Mintowati , Astuti Maria Dewi , Milina Norma
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to observe the anatomical structure and density of secretory cells as well as knowing activity of ethanol extract aktioksidan associated with cell density of the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza secretion originating from Sub Pengaron Banjar regency, South Kalimantan. Making preparations rhizome anatomy carried out by using Free Hand Section, the analysis of antioxidant activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil). Observations consisting of rhizome anatomical structure of cells of the epidermis, the cortex, endodermis and the central cylinder. In epidermal cells contained little hair cover, the cortex and central cylinder composed of parenchymal cells, cell secretion and the carrier files. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract obtained from the calculation rhizome Consentrasion inhibition (IC50) ranged from 17.70 to 55.22 ppm. IC50 value of 17.70 ppm rhizome ethanol extract has antioxidant activity 5 times weaker compared to the control of vitamin C (IC50 3.71 ppm) and 3 times weaker than BHT (IC 50 5.57 ppm). At 55.22 ppm IC50 extract has antioxidant activity 15 times weaker compared to the control of vitamin C and 10 times weaker than the BHT. Secretory cell density relationship with the antioxidant activity in test with linear regression analysis showed that there was no relationship between the density of secretory cells per unit area with antioxidant activity in the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza.
PEMBENTUKAN KELAMIN JANTAN IKAN BAUNG (Hemibagrus nemurus) DENGAN NON STEROID AKRIFLAVIN SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MENGATASI KELANGKAAN INDUK JANTAN
Authors: Akbar Junius
Published: November 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dosis akriflavin yang sangat efektif untuk pembalikan kelamin jantan ikan baung secara oral (melalui pakan) dan kelangsungan hidup ikan baung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama enam minggu, dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Manajemen Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan, Fakultas Perikanan, Unlam. Wadah yang digunakan baskom sebanyak 16 buah. Benih ikan baung yang digunakan berumur sepuluh hari setelah pembuahan dengan kepadatan penebaran pada setiap perlakuan 100 ekor. Percobaan ini terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan, yaitu parlakuan A (15 mg/kg pakan), B (25 mg/kg pakan), C (35 mg/kg pakan), dan kontrol (tanpa akriflavin). Dari data yang diperoleh terlihat bahwa ketiga perlakuan memberikan hasil yang cukup baik dalam pembalikan jenis kelamin ikan baung. Persentase rerata ikanyang berkelamin jantan dengan menggunakan akriflavin tertinggi (78,75%) diperoleh dari pemberian dosis 35 mg/kg pakan dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup di atas 85%.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN BETOK (Anabas testudineus) YANG DIPELIHARA PADA SALINITAS BERBEDA
Authors: Akbar Junius
Published: November 2021

Peningkatan permintaan ikan betok dan ketersediaan perairan payau telahmeningkatkan kesempatan untuk mengembangkan ikan betok untuk dibudidayakan diperairan tersebut. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi toleransisalinitas ikan betok. Ikan uji yang digunakan ikan betok dengan bobot awal berkisar 15-20 g/ekor. Ikan uji ditempatkan dalam bak plastik 45 L sebanyak 10 ekor per bak plastik.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Desain percobaan yang digunakanadalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan salinitas yang berbeda 0%o,10%o, dan 20%o dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Hasil yang diperolehmemperlihatkan bahwa pertumbuhan mutlak dan pertumbuhan relatif individu tertinggiterjadi pada media salinitas 0%o masing-masing sebesar 13,13 dan 73,12%. Sedangkanrerata tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi pada perlakuan salinitas 20%o sebesar 90%.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIA DAN SIFAT SERAT TANAMAN PURUN TIKUS (Eleocharis dulcis) ASAL KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi
Published: November 2021

Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) is an aquatic plant which grows in greatamount in swamp lands in South Kalimantan. This research is conducted to findout chemical content and fiber properties to know the potential utilization of thisplants. The results showed that the water content of purun tikus plant is 92,68%,extractive in alcohol-benzena content is 9,53%, lignin content is 26.4%; and thecellulose content is 32,62%. The study of purun tikus fiber anatomy have beencompleted with the results of the fiber diameter is equal to 5.89 μm; lumendiameter is 2.68 μm, cell wall thickness is 1.61 μm and fiber length is 1.68 mm.The value of the derivative dimension of purun tikus fiber obtained as follows:runkel ratio is 1.2; mulstep number is 38.4 (%), power loom is 285.45, value offlexibility is 0.45 and stiffness coefficient is 0.27. All results suggested that puruntikus plants offers potential for cellulose and fiber resources.
KANDUNGAN KROMIUM (Cr) PADA GONDANG (Pila scutata) DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI RIAM KANAN KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Rahman Aditya
Published: November 2021

Around Riam Kanan river, one can find mining activities and local housing. It ispredicted that those activities might generate waste contaminated with Cr, a toxic heavymetal. In this research, gondang snails (Pila scutata) were used as bioindikator to studyCr pollution in Riam Kanan area. The samples of gondang were taken from 4 stationsalong Riam Kanan, which is 2 kms from reservoir Riam Kanan, Awang Bangkal West,Mandikapau East and Karang Intan Dam. Chromium contents in the gondang samples,sediment and water bodies were analyzed Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Theresult then is correlation regression SPSS version 17. Chromium content at samplegondang is some station of protactinium Cr has in concentration that is enough is height.Result of analysis shows content Cr in water territory ranges from 0,0182-0,0516 ppm,content Cr at sediment ranges from 0,1978-13,8739 ppm and at gondang (Pila scutata) inwater territory of Riam Kanan river the range of between 0,0106-1,2979 ppm. Therelation of correlation regression gondang and water has negative direction andcorrelation between gondang with sediment is positive direction.
“PLANTÃO DA CIDADE”: um estudo da participação política local e constituição de subjetividades por meio do Facebook
Authors: Rodrigues Hila , Melo Isabela
Published: November 2021

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir a participação política dos cidadãos mediada pelas tecnologias de comunicação. Procuramos compreender os potenciais cenários e meios para a promoção da participação cidadã no universo do poder público. A investigação se deu a partir da observação de um espaço específico no Facebook: o grupo Plantão da Cidade, criado no município de Ouro Preto para viabilizar discussões de cunho político. O exame proposto evidencia as possibilidades oferecidas pelo ambiente online para assegurar a participação política do cidadão comum nas decisões da gestão municipal e a mobilização de ações comunitárias locais.
INDIGENOUS SOCIAL MOVIMENT AND THE CONQUEST OF THE INTERCULTURAL SCHOOL
Authors: Zoia Alceu , Curvo Luiz Felipe Sousa
Published: November 2021

Social movements had great participation as an agent of political changes throughout the 20th century, it is from this articulation (especially in Latin America) that the perspective of interculturality strengths in the indigenous school education, which seeks to understand the school within the post-colonial inequalities. The Brazilian Indigenous Movement began to organize itself in the 1970s, with the Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI) playing a major role in the 1988 constitutional charter, which will underpin the educational rights related to the intercultural school within a specific social Project.
A VIEW ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF THE LEGAL AMAZON INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Porto Junior Francisco Gilson Rebouças , Alves Vinicius Benites , Oliveira Isaltina Santos da Costa , Costa Juliene Santana da
Published: November 2021

The present work focused on the study, reading and reflection on the National Policy for Environmental and Territorial Management in Indigenous Lands (PNGATI) and the Territorial and Environmental Management Plans (in Portuguese, Plano de Gestão Territorial e Ambiental – ‘PGTAs’), of indigenous lands of the peoples belonging to the Legal Amazon, through a documentary bibliographic research. These documents aim to bring a look at the significant contribution of indigenous peoples to the conservation of biodiversity, presenting the way of life of these peoples, the care they have with their territories for physical and cultural reproduction, as well as their challenges in face of the development model adopted by the country. The PGTAs in question refer to the Jamamadi, Yanomami and Wajãpi peoples of the respective states of Amazonas, Roraima and Amapá.
UM OLHAR SOBRE A GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DOS POVOS INDÍGENAS NA AMAZÔNIA LEGAL
Authors: Porto Júnior Francisco Gilson Rebouças , Alves Vinicius Benites , Santos da Costa Oliveira Isaltina , Costa Juliene Santana da
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho teve como foco de estudo, a leitura e reflexão sobre a Política Nacional de Gestão Ambiental e Territorial em Terras Indígenas (PNGATI) e os Planos de Gestão Territorial e Ambiental (PGTAs) de terras indígenas dos povos pertencentes à Amazônia Legal, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico documental. Esses documentos objetivam trazer um olhar sobre a contribuição significativa dos povos indígenas para a conservação da biodiversidade, apresentando o modo de vida desses povos, o cuidado que possuem com seus territórios para reprodução física e cultural, bem como seus desafios frente ao modelo de desenvolvimento adotado pelo país. Os PGTAs em questão, se referem aos povos Jamamadi, Yanomami e Wajãpi, dos respectivos estados Amazonas, Roraima e Amapá.
NOVO CORONAVÍRUS E AS CONSEQUÊNCIAS NA SAÚDE MENTAL DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE ENVOLVIDOS EM SEU ENFRENTAMENTO
Authors: Maciel Erika da Silva , Gotardelo Marcele Pereira Silvestre , Rodrigues Allana Lima Moreira , Quaresma Fernando Rodrigues Peixoto , Barasuol Aldair Martins , Nascimento Ladislau Ribeiro do
Published: November 2021

A pandemia da doença causada pelo novo Coronavírus - SARS-Cov-2 se caracteriza como um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública internacional das últimas décadas. Este estudo se propôs a realizar uma revisão narrativa das evidências descritas sobre o impacto na saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde que atuam na prática assistencial relacionada à Covid-19. Os artigos evidenciaram que os problemas enfrentados pelos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia podem levar à exaustão da equipe, esgotamento físico e mental contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de problemas psicológicos.
Social Media and Its Use in Orthopaedic Surgery Resident Education and Training
Authors: Cole Wendell W. , Perez-Chaumont Andre , Miskimin Cadence , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: November 2021

» The use of social media by health-care professionals and medical educators has been increasing over the past decade.

» Online social networks, professional networks, blogs, microblogs, forums, podcasts, and video-sharing platforms can be used effectively to communicate and engage with, as well as learn from, other residents and attending physicians worldwide.

» Social media platforms and other web-based applications can serve as powerful educational tools to enhance orthopaedic resident learning, collaboration, teaching, and case discussion.
Anesthesia in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Boin Michael A. , Mehta Devan , Dankert John , Umeh Uchenna O. , Zuckerman Joseph D. , Virk Mandeep S.
Published: November 2021

» For shoulder arthroplasty, regional anesthesia is safer when compared with general anesthesia. There is insufficient evidence to demonstrate the superiority of regional anesthesia with respect to pulmonary complications and hospital length of stay.

» Infiltration of the shoulder with local anesthetics offers no additional benefits compared with single-shot or continuous brachial plexus blocks for shoulder arthroplasty.

» There is high-quality evidence (Level I) demonstrating lower pain scores and lower perioperative opioid requirements after a continuous peripheral nerve block compared with a single-shot nerve block. However, catheter dislodgment and logistical issues with catheter insertion are impediments to the widespread usage of a continuous nerve block with an indwelling catheter.

» Liposomal bupivacaine is comparable with non-liposomal local anesthetic agents with respect to pain relief, the opioid-sparing effect, and adverse effects in the first 48 hours after total shoulder arthroplasty.

» Perioperative dexamethasone administration improves postoperative pain control, decreases perioperative opioid requirements, and reduces postoperative nausea.
Absence of fear of dying predicts new organ failure: Results of a multicenter prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Mazeraud Aurélien , Turc Guillaume , Sivanandamoorthy Sivanthiny , Porcher Raphaël , Stoclin Annabelle , Antona Marion , Sharshar Tarek , righy cassia , bozza fernando , polito andrea , siami shidasp
Published: November 2021

Rationale: Intensity of anxiety at admission in intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with subsequent deterioration.Objective: The primary aim of this study was to assess predictive value of stressful fears and feelings to predict new organ failure within the first seven days after ICU admission.Methods: We conducted a prospective three-center cohort study of non-comatose patients without delirium or invasive mechanical ventilation. A twelve-item questionnaire was developed to assess stressful fears and feelings. Illness severity was assessed using SAPS-II and SOFA scores. Intensity of chronic and acute anxiety was assessed with the ‘Trait’ and ‘State’ forms of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Patients were followed-up for seven days. Results: From April 2014 to December 2017, 373 patients (median age, 63y.o. [49-74]; 159 [40.7%] women; SAPS-II 28 [19-37]) were included. Feeling of vulnerability and fear of dying was reported in 209 (54.4%) and 178 (46.4%) patients, respectively. STAI was equal or above 40 in 192 (51.5%) patients. Ninety-four (25.2%) patients developed a new organ failure. Feeling of vulnerability (OR=1.96, 95%CI:1.12-3.43], p=0.01) and absence of fear of dying (OR=2.38, 95%CI:1.37-4.17], p=0.002) were associated with occurrence of a new organ failure after adjustment on STAI ≥40, SAPS-II and SOFA. Conclusion: Absence of fear of dying is associated with occurrence of new organ failure within the seven post-ICU admission days. We hypothesize that fear of dying might be protective for subsequent deterioration by mobilizing patient’s homeostatic resources. Trial registration: NCT02355626
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: DENG Huan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) is serum thyrotropin slightly increased, while serum free thyroxine level in the normal range, many studies are proving that SCH does increase cardiovascular risk in adults. However, current studies on cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents with SCH have not been conclusive. Therefore, we did a meta-analysis and systematic review of the included case-control and cross-sectional studies to make up for the lack of data in this direction. Methods: We searched the following databases from its inception until May 9, 2020: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was be used to check on the quality of these studies. I2 statistics and subgroups were be used to analyze heterogeneity. The sensitivity analysis assessed the stability of the results against the overall effect by “leave-one-out”. When the systematic review contains more than 10 articles, funnel plots and egger regression test was be made to evaluate publication bias.Result: Twelve observational studies were enrolled in our meta-analysis. TC was significantly higher in SCH patients than in normal thyroid subjects (WMD=6.01, 95% CI: 3.70-8.31, P<0.00001), TG (WMD=9.86, 95% CI: 5.72-14.01, P<0.00001), LDL (WMD=4.33, 95% CI: 1.78-6.87, P=0.0009), and IVRT (WMD=7.85, 95% CI: 3.99-11.72, P<0.0001). At the same time, we found no significant differences in HDL, IMT, and HOMA-IR between the two groups.Conclusions: Our study confirmed that SCH changes lipid profile and heart function in children and adolescents. Register: The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on the NPLASY (No. 202040182). The protocol has been published, it can be found in https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32756074/.
Experimental and Theoretical Fuel Property Comparison of Four Different Waste Biomass with A Commercial Counterpart
Authors: Baltacıoğlu Mustafa Kaan , Başar Mustafa Tunahan , Arat Hüseyin Turan , Erdoğan Yasin
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on determining the fuel properties of apple pulp, pomegranate seeds, pomegranate peel and orange peel wastes and converting them into pellet fuel. Within the scope of the study, the organic wastes were dried, ruined into small pieces and then pressed to take the pellet form. Moisture content, ash content, volatile matter determination, fixed carbon content, total sulfur content, hydrogen content, lower heating value and higher heating value were analyzed as solid fuel characterization process. Experiments were carried out in an internationally accredited laboratory in accordance with ASTM and TS EN ISO/IEC 17025 Standards. Considering the results, it was determined that the pellet obtained from fully dry state pomegranate seed had a calorific value of 4244 kcal/kg, whereas the commercial pellet was 4759 kcal/kg under the same conditions. On the other hand, the moisture contents of the commercial pellet and pomegranate seed sample were 5.42% and 1.83%, respectively. The drying process was one of the costliest stages of pellet production. The low moisture contents can reduce the production cost and shorten the time.
Characterization of Functional Genes GS3 and GW2 and their Effect on the Grain Size of Various Landraces of Rice
Authors: Rasheed Haroon , Fiaz Sajid , Khan Muhammad Abid , Mehmood Sultan , Ullah Faizan , Khan Shahid Ullah , Saeed Sumbul , Yaseen Tabassam , Qayyum Abdul
Published: November 2021

Grain size is an essential factor in grain quality and yield. In the existing agricultural lands in Pakistan and even all over the world, genetics in rice works better for yield potential and quality improvement. GS3 and GW2 with functional mutation responsible for grain size in rice. In the current study, 17 different Pakistani landraces of various genetic and geographic backgrounds were evaluated for grain phenotypic traits (thousand-grain weight, length, width, and thickness) and characterized genotypes for GS3 gene (grain length) and GW2 (grain width). The two accessions JP5 and Bas370, were used as control. Phenotypic data revealed the range for grain weight from 16.86g (Lateefy) to 26.91g (PS2), grain length ranged from 7.27 mm (JP-5) to 12.18 mm (PS2), grain width ranged from 2.01 mm (Lateefy) to 3.51 mm (JP5), and grain thickness ranged from 1.79 mm to 2.19. Pearson correlation revealed a negative and significant correlation between grain width and length. There was no significant correlation between grain length and 1000-grain weight and grain width. LSD test displayed that the means of three variables grain length, grain width, and 1000-grain weight were statistically different from one another except grain width and grain breadth. GS3 is a negative regulator of grain length. Fifteen accessions GA-5015, PS-2, Swat-1, Swat-2, DR-2, Dilrosh, Malhar-346, Kashmir Basmati, Rachna Basmati, KS-282, Basmati-370, KSK-133, KSK-434, MG-Basmati, and Lateefy, carried the domesticated allele of GS3 while JP5 and Fakhr-e-Malakand carried the dominant allele. Similarly, the GW2 is a negative regulator of grain width. Fifteen accessions, i.e., Bas-370, GA-5015, PS-2, Swat-1, Swat-2, DR-2, Dilrosh, Malhar-346, Kashmir Basmati, Rachna Basmati, KS-282, KSK-133, KSK-434, MG-Basmati, and Lateefy carried the dominant allele while JP-5 and Fakhr-e-Malakand carried the mutant allele. The current phenotypic evaluation of the Germplasm revealed a diverse range of grain size of Pakistani landraces and also suggests that the selection of grain length in Pakistani landraces was independent of 1000-grain weight. The accessions with genotypic characterization will aid in marker-assisted breeding programs to break the stagnant yield prevail for the last few decades in Pakistan.
Prediction of Factors Influencing the Timing and Prognosis of Early Tracheostomy in Patients with Multiple Rib Fractures using Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Zhang Bing , Li GongKe , Wang YuRong , li yong
Published: November 2021

Objective To explore the factors affecting the timing and prognosis of early tracheostomy(within 7 days after tracheal intubation) in patients with multiple rib fractures. Methods A retrospective analysis of the medical history of 222 patients with multiple rib fractures who were admitted to the department of emergency intensive care unit(EICU) of the affiliated hospital of Yangzhou University from February 2015 to October 2019 underwent early tracheostomy. According to the time from tracheal intubation to tracheostomy after admission, the patients were divided into two groups: early tracheostomy group (within 7 days after tracheal intubation,ET) and late tracheostomy group (after the 7th day, LT). The propensity score matching analysis technique was used to compare the differences between the two groups in a 1:1 ratio. Results A total of 222 patients were enrolled, with 118 in the ET group and 104 in the LT group. After matching, 87 in the ET group and 87 in the LT group. The proportion of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)[59(67.8%)], the volume of pulmonary contusion (VPC)[33.8±11.4], and number of total rib fractures (NTRF)[10.8±2.7] in the ET were significantly higher than those in the LT group, P<0.05. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that ARDS[OR=3.740, 95%CI(1.441, 9.711)], VPC[OR=1.087, 95%CI(1.052, 1.124)], and NTRF [OR=1.775, 95%CI(1.439, 2.188)] were independent risk factors for ET.The Pearson analysis showed that VPC and NTRF had significant correlation(R=0.369, P=0.01), ARDS and VPC had low degree correlation(R=0.179, P=0.018), while ARDS and NTRF had no significant correlation(R=0.132, P=0.110). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the area under VPC and NTRF curves [0.832(95%CI: 0.770~0.893),0.804(95%CI: 0.740~0.868)] were significantly more than the number of rib fractures(NFR), glasgow coma scale(GCS), and injury severity score(ISS), P<0.05. COX regression analysis showed that patients with underwent ET survived significantly better than the LT, P<0.05. Conclusions We found that ARDS, VPC, and NTFR were independent risk factors for ET; VPC ≥ 23.9% and (or) NTRF ≥ 8.5 could be used as predictors of ET in patients with multiple rib fractures. There was a linear relationship between NTRF and VPC. ET might benefit patients with multiple rib fractures.
RCAN1 Knockout and Overexpression Recapitulate an Ensemble of Rest-activity and Circadian Disruptions Characteristic of Down Syndrome, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Normative Aging
Authors: Wong Helen , Buck Jordan M. , Borski Curtis , Pafford Jessica , Keller Bailey N. , Stitzel Jerry A , Hoeffer Charles A
Published: November 2021

Background: Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is overexpressed in Down syndrome (DS), but RCAN1 levels are also increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal aging. AD is highly comorbid among individuals with DS and is characterized in part by progressive neurodegeneration that resembles accelerated aging. Importantly, abnormal RCAN1 levels have been demonstrated to promote memory deficits and pathophysiology symptomatic of DS, AD, and aging. Anomalous diurnal rest-activity patterns and circadian rhythm disruptions are also common in DS, AD, and aging and have been implicated in facilitating age-related cognitive decline and AD progression. However, no prior studies have assessed whether RCAN1 dysregulation may also promote the age-associated alteration of rest-activity profiles and circadian rhythms, which could in turn contribute to neurodegeneration in DS, AD, and aging. Methods: The present study examined the impacts of RCAN1 deficiency and overexpression on the photic entrainment, circadian periodicity, intensity and distribution, diurnal patterning, and circadian rhythmicity of wheel running in young (3-6 months old) and aged (9-14 months old) mice. All data were initially analyzed by multifactorial ANOVA with variables of genotype, age, treatment, and sex considered as dependent variables.Results: We found that daily RCAN1 levels in the hippocampi of light-entrained young mice are generally constant and that balanced RCAN1 expression is necessary for normal circadian locomotor activity rhythms. While the light-entrained diurnal period was unaltered, RCAN1-null and -overexpressing mice displayed lengthened endogenous (free-running) circadian periods like mouse models of AD and aging. In light-entrained young mice, RCAN1 knockout and overexpression also recapitulated the general hypoactivity, diurnal rest-wake pattern fragmentation, and attenuated amplitudes of circadian activity rhythms reported in DS, preclinical and clinical AD, healthily aging individuals, and rodent models thereof. Under constant darkness, RCAN1-null and -overexpressing mice displayed altered locomotor behavior indicating circadian clock dysfunction. Using the Dp(16)1Yey/+ (Dp16) mouse model for DS, which expresses three copies of Rcan1, we found reduced wheel running activity and rhythmicity in both light-entrained and free-running young Dp16 mice like young RCAN1-overexpressing mice. Critically, these diurnal and circadian deficits were rescued in part or entirely by restoring Rcan1 to two copies in Dp16 mice. Conclusions: Collectively, this study's findings suggest that both loss and aberrant gain of RCAN1 precipitate anomalous light-entrained diurnal and circadian activity patterns emblematic of DS, AD, and aging.
Increased Expression of FN1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Predicts Poor Prognosis
Authors: Shih Hung-Sheng , Hung Li-Yu , Hsieh Ming-Yu
Published: November 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Ezrin Prompted Myoblast Differentiation and Muscle Fiber Specialization and Gastrocnemius Muscle Repair in Peroneal Nerve Injury Model through PKA-NFATs Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Ruo-nan , Bao Xin , Wang Yan , Li Xin-Yuan , Mbadhi MagdaleenaNaemi , Liu Yun , Xu Wei , Yao Lu-yuan , Chen Long , Zhao Xiao-ying , Hu Chang-qing , Zhang Jing-xuan , Zheng Hong-tao , Wu Yan , Chen Shi-You , Li Shan , Chen Shao-juan , Lv Jing , Shi Liu-liu , Tang Jun-Ming
Published: November 2021

Background: Muscular dystrophy is a destructive neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness and muscle atrophy. The role of Ezrin in myoblast differentiation/fusion and muscle atrophy is still unknown.Method: Gastrocnemius muscle atrophy model were prepared by mechanical clamp of peroneal nerve. Differentiating C2C12 cells treated with Ad-Ezrin or Ad-shEzrin were detected by gene chip, Q-PCR, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot.Results: Ezrin was expressed in MyHC I/II myofibers in vivo, and time-dependently increased during myoblast differentiation/fusion characterized by MyoG+/MEF2c nuclei and MyHC+ myotubes in vitro. Overexpression of Ezrin promoted myoblast differentiation/fusion in time-dependent manner, inducing the increased MyHC-I+ and MyHC-II+ muscle fiber specialization, the specific effects could be abolished by addition of Ad-Periaxin. Ad-Ezrin did not alter PKA and PKAreg II α levels, but PKAreg I α/β. The PKA inhibitor, H-89, remarkably abolished the over-expression effects by Ezrin on an increased myoblast differentiation/fusion. By contrast, Knockdown of Ezrin by shRNA significantly delayed myoblast differentiation/fusion accompanied by the decreased PKA reg I/II ratio, the inhibitory effects could be eliminated by PKAreg I activator N6-Bz-cAMP. Meanwhile, Ad-Ezrin enhanced type I muscle fiber specialization, accompanied by the increased levels of NFATc1/c2.Furthermore, Ad-NFATc2 or Ad-NFATc4 reversed the inhibitory effects of Ad-shEzrin on myoblast differentiation/fusion. Importantly, in vivo transfection of Ad-Ezrin into gastrocnemius muscles in peroneal nerve injury model increased the numbers of MyHC-I+ and MyHC-II+ myofibers, reducing muscle atrophy and fibrosis.Conclusions: Ezrin activated PKA-NFAT-MyoD/MyoG/MEF2C signaling pathway, triggering myoblast differentiation/fusion and muscle fiber specialization in periaxin-depentdent manner, contributing to gastrocnemius muscles repair.
Clinical Impact of Pelvic Malrotation on X-ray based Preoperative Planning for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Proof-of-concept and Prudent Prediction of Acceptable Rotation
Authors: Lourens Ernest Christian , Kurmis Andrew , Lim Wan Yin
Published: November 2021

IntroductionPelvic rotation (PR) on preoperative X-ray templating can affect various critical measured acetabular angles and potentially outcomes of successful total hip arthroplasty (THA). Optimising anatomical reconstruction of the joint is essential to achieve function, longevity and prevention of complications following surgery. There is limited literature that standardises the degree of acceptable PR on X-ray or its effects on the fitting of acetabular prostheses. ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a proof-of-concept that quantifies how PR can affect various acetabular angles used in pre-operative THA templating and to formulate a practicable method of determining if the preoperative PR is acceptable. Materials and MethodsComputerised tomography (CT) models from three control and two THA patients were generated and manipulated in various degrees of PR. CT slices were thickened to simulate X-rays and acetabular angles measured. ResultsThe acetabular anteversion distance (AAD) and lateral opening angle (LOA) demonstrated a linear and quadratic relationship with good correlation (R2=0.923, R2=0.710 respectively, p<0.0001) in relation to PR. Change in area of prosthesis (AOP) demonstrated a good linear correlation (r2=0.774 and r2=0.875, p<0.0001) with PR. Two novel measurements were used to estimate the degree of PR from a pelvic X-ray; the horizontal distance between pubic symphysis and middle of sacrococcygeal joint (PSSC) and the simplified pelvic rotation ratio (SPRR). A strong correlation between PSSC and SPRR with change in PR was observed (R2=0.970, R2=0.953, p<0.001). ConclusionPreliminary results suggests that an SPRR >2.0 correlates to PR>20° with potential to have a clinical impact on preoperative measurements.
Loss of TXNDC12 Induces Oxidative Stress-mediated Autophagy in Glioblastoma Cell Lines
Authors: Wang Xiaoye , Yan Zhaohui , Bao Jingxi , Li Huajian , Yu Xinhua
Published: November 2021

Redox homeostasis in glioblastoma cells is very important, but how it is maintained is still not well understood. Herein, we identified thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 (TXNDC12) as a therapeutic target candidate which significantly maintained redox homeostasis in GBM cells. Overexpression of TXNDC12 was associated with increased tumor grade and poor prognosis in patients with glioma (P < 0.001), according to the analysis of expression data from the public database Cancer Genome Atlas. TXNDC12 protein levels were significantly elevated in glioblastoma compared to non-tumor brain tissue samples by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Knockdown of TXNDC12 inhibited the proliferation of U251 and A172 in vitro. On day 21 post-implantation, tumor growth inhibition was 70% in A172 with stable expression of TXNDC12 shRNA in vivo (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival data showed that the overall survival of tumor-bearing animals increased from 20.3 days (control) to 28.7 days (knockout, P < 0.05). These data suggest that TXNDC12 is a key mediator in redox homeostasis both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, TXNDC12 is a potential treatment target of GBM.
A Sustainable Natural Clam Shell Derived Photocatalyst for the Effective Adsorption and Photodegradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Yao Xinxin , Qu Ting , Owens Gary , Gao Liangjun
Published: November 2021

In response to the increasing desire for modern industries to be both green and sustainable, there has been increasing research focus on the reutilization of natural waste materials to effectively remove and degrade toxic wastewater effluents. One interesting food industry waste product is clam shells. Here a new photocatalytic nanomaterial derived from marine clam shells was successfully prepared and characterized. Thereafter the material was applied for the removal of two target dyes from aqueous solution, where the effect of both catalyst dose and initial dye concentration on adsorption and photocatalysis properties was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacities of methylene blue (100 mg/L) and Congo red (500 mg/L) were 123.45 mg/g and 679.91 mg/g, respectively, where adsorption followed pseudo second order kinetics predominantly via a chemical adsorption process. The photodegradation removal efficiencies of the two dye solutions under visible light irradiation were 99.6% and 83.3% for MB and CR respectively. These results demonstrated that a clam shell catalyst also exhibited excellent degradation performance in a mixed dye solution with strong degradation capability and low cost, making the material a good candidate for practical field remediation of dye contaminated wastewater.
The Effect of Trait Anxiety on Medical Freshmen's Post-Traumatic Growth: The Mediating Role of Resilience
Authors: Peng Li , Lan Lan , Xu Chen , Li Min
Published: November 2021

Trait anxiety is a risk factor for post-traumatic growth when medical freshmen are experiencing stressful events. However, little is known about whether resilience has the mediating role between trait anxiety and post-traumatic growth. The current study surveyed the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a sample of 295 medical freshmen. The results founded that post-traumatic growth was negatively correlated with trait anxiety, with correlation coefficients of -0.609( p < 0.01), and positively correlated with resilience, with correlation coefficient of 0.635 ( p < 0.01). Moreover, resilience could mediate the relationship between trait anxiety and post-traumatic growth. These findings provide theoretical implications to promote medical freshmen’s resilience to adapt to their life of college.
Exploring Related Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Elastic Net and Bayesian Network
Authors: Quan Dichen , Ren Jiahui , Ren Hao , Linghu Liqin , Wang Xuchun , Li Meichen , Qiao Yuchao , Ren Zeping , Qiu Lixia
Published: November 2021

Objective

This study aimed to construct Bayesian networks to analyze the network relationship between COPD and its related factors, and to explore the influencing intensity on COPD through network reasoning.
Method

Firstly Elastic Net and MMHC hybrid algorithm were adopted to screen the variables of the data of COPD in Shanxi Province from 2014 to 2015 and construct Bayesian networks respectively, and the parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood estimation.
Results

After feature selection by Elastic Net, 10 variables closely related to COPD finally entered the model. The COPD Bayesian networks constructed by MMHC algorithm showed that smoking status, household air pollution, family history, cough, air hunger or dyspnea were directly related to COPD, in which smoking status, household air pollution and family history were the parent nodes of COPD, and cough, air hunger or dyspnea represented the child nodes of COPD. In other words, smoking status, household air pollution, family history were related to the occurrence of COPD, and COPD would affect cough, air hunger or dyspnea. Gender was indirectly linked to COPD through smoking status.
Conclusion

Using Elastic Net to knock out some weakly-associated influencing factors of COPD in the variable screening stage, Bayesian networks could reveal the complex network relationship between COPD and its relevant factors well, making it more convenient to carry out targeted prevention and control of COPD. As such, Bayesian networks enjoyed a good prospect of application in analyzing disease-related factors.
The Effect of the Upregulated Expression of Fe Regulators IMA1 and bHLH104 in Arabidopsis on the Root Length and Fe Homeostasis Under Pi Starvation
Authors: Meng Xiangxiang , Li Wenfeng , Shen Renfang , Lan Ping
Published: November 2021

Phosphate (Pi) and iron (Fe) are two essential mineral nutrients for plant growth and development. Pi starvation triggers the Fe local redistribution and over-accumulation, resulting in the reduction of the primary root, while represses the expression of Fe uptake genes. Nevertheless, the antagonistic mechanism between P and Fe nutrition in plant remain not addressed. Here, the effect of the upregulated expression of Fe regulators IMA1 and bHLH104 driven by the different-type promoters (proCaMV 35S, the promoters of Pi-starvation responsive genes proIPS1 and proPHT1;4) in response to Pi starvation was investigated in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the expression of Fe uptake genes IRT1 and FRO2 was successfully upregulated in proIPS1::IMA1, proPHT1;4::IMA1 and proIPS1::bHLH104 under Pi starvation while decreased in pro35S::IMA1, pro35S::bHLH104 and proPHT1;4::bHLH104, compared with that in the corresponding plants under Pi sufficiency. Although the length and Fe distribution in roots of them didn’t have significant difference with wild type under Pi starvation, the Fe distribution and total Fe contents were significantly increased in shoots of proIPS1::IMA1, proPHT1;4::IMA1 and proIPS1::bHLH104 while were decreased in proPHT1;4::bHLH104. The higher Fe concentrations in the Pi-starved transgenic plants also conferred the obviously tolerance to Fe deficiency. Their biomasses and total P concentrations showed no difference with wild type, regardless of Pi sufficiency or deficiency. Therefore, this approach would be a novel manipulation to modify Fe nutrient via coupling with Pi starvation in plants.
Socio-demographic Correlates of Diabetes Self-reporting Validity: An Adult’s Kurdish Population-based Study
Authors: Moradpour Farhad , Piri Negar , Dehghanbanadaki Hojat , Moradi Ghobad , Fotouk-Kiai Mahdiyeh , Moradi Yousef
Published: November 2021

Background: The aim was to assess the validity of self-reported according to the demographic and socio-economic feature in a the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS)Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analytical study on 4400 subjects aged 35-70 years of DehPCS. The reference for having diabetes was oral hypoglycemic drug consumption, insulin injection, or high FBS representing diabetes. Self-reported diabetes status was investigated by well-trained interviewers before the identification of diabetes status based on reference criteria. The validity criteria of self-reported diabetes were assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Socio-demographic correlates of self-reported agreement were examined by multinomial logistic regression. Results: 3996 agreed to participate in this study (participation=90.8%). The diabetes prevalence among the study population was 13.1% based on self-report and 9.7% based on reference. Of the 523 people who reported diabetes, 213 (41.28%) did not have diabetes. We found a good agreement of 92.3% with an acceptable kappa value of 65.1% between self-reported diabetes and reference. Self-reported diabetes also guaranteed sensitivity of 78.5%, specificity of 93.9%, positive and negative predictive value of 58.7% and of 98.0% respectively. Female, higher economic class, higher BMI, and family history of diabetes were increased the chance of false positive. Being male and aging and moderate economic class increased the chance of false positive. Conclusion: Self-reported diabetes is identified as a relatively valid tool that could fairly determine the diabetes prevalence in epidemiological studies. It should be noted that its validity is influenced by some socio-demographic characteristics.
Restoring Geomorphic Integrity in Urban Streams via Mechanistically Based Stormwater Management: Minimizing Excess Sediment Transport Capacity
Authors: Hawley Robert J , Russell Kathryn , Taniguchi-Quan Kristine
Published: November 2021

Stream channel erosion, enlargement, and habitat degradation are ubiquitous in urban watersheds with conventional stormwater management. Hydrologic-based restoration aims to discharge a more natural flow regime via stormwater management interventions. Whether such interventions facilitate geomorphic recovery depends, in part, on the degree to which they restrict discharges that would otherwise contribute to channel erosion. Erosion potential (E), the ratio of post-developed to predeveloped sediment transport capacity, provides a simplified, mechanistic framework to quantify the relative influence of stormwater interventions on the geomorphic effectiveness of the flow regime. This paper compiles ca. five years of data following stormwater-based interventions in three distinct settings in the United States and Australia to demonstrate how the E framework can be used to elucidate the role of hydrologic restoration interventions in helping to facilitate trajectories of geomorphic recovery (or lack thereof). In a previously developed watershed with unstable streams, substantial reductions in E coincided with a trajectory of geomorphic recovery, whereas our case study that did not reduce E between the study periods exhibited continued instability. Furthermore, a greenfield study site that used the E framework to optimize their SCMs to match the sediment transport capacity of the predeveloped regime (E = 1) was able to maintain a recovery trajectory in a legacy-impacted setting that is otherwise highly susceptible to hydromodification. Although available space and funding will limit the ability to fully reduce E in previously developed watersheds, these case studies underscore the mechanistic value of using stormwater controls to maximize reductions in E if geomorphic stability is a goal of stormwater interventions. Streambed material size and channel evolution stage also likely affect the level of E reduction necessary to promote geomorphic recovery, with coarser-grained and/or over-widened streams potentially needing less reduction than finer-grained and/or more entrenched channels.
Optimization of the Hemispherical Solar Distiller Performance Augmented by Different Basin Materials (steel, zinc, and copper) and Reflective Mirrors
Authors: Attia Mohammed El Hadi , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Abdelgaied Mohamed , Bellila Abdelkader
Published: November 2021

The present comprehensive study aims to solve the problem of declining drinking water productivity from solar distillers. The hemispherical distillers are characterized by having the large condensing and receiving surface area, so the utilization of basin materials with high thermal conductivity and reflective mirrors are very effective to enhance a cumulative production of hemispherical distillation. To get the optimal basin materials with the reflective mirror that achieves the highest hemispherical distiller’s performance, three high thermal conductivity basin materials (steel, zinc, and copper) with reflective mirror were tested at the same conditions and compared to reference hemispherical unit. To realize this idea, four distillers was fabricated and tested at a same climate condition namely: Hemispherical solar Distiller with Black Silicone Walls (HSD-BSW), Hemispherical Solar Distiller with Steel Plate and Reflective Mirror (HSD-SPRM), Hemispherical Solar Distiller with Zinc Plate and Reflective Mirror (HSD-ZPRM), and Hemispherical Solar Distiller with Copper Plate and Reflective Mirror (HSD-CPRM). The experimental results presented that the utilization of copper basin materials and reflective mirror (HSD-CPRM) represents the good option to achieve the highest performance of hemispherical distiller, use the copper basin materials and reflective mirror (HSD-CPRM) gives a cumulative production reached 9500 mL/m2 day with improvement of 104.3% compared to reference hemispherical distiller (HSD-BSW). Also, use the copper basin materials and reflective mirror (HSD-CPRM) improves the daily thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency by 102.4% and 194.9%, respectively compared to HSD-BSW. The comprehensive economic analysis concluded that the use of copper basin materials and reflective mirrors (HSD-CPRM) reduced the distillate water cost per liter by 44.1% compared to HSD-BSW.
Double-sided Polishing Photonic Crystal Fiber Biosensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Zhang Zhiwen , shen tao , Liu Chi , Liu Xin , Feng Yue , Wang Shaofeng , Wei Han
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we propose a high-sensitivity double-sided polishing photonic crystal fiber biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance. The performance of the sensor was analyzed by finite element method, including the influence of different pore sizes and position, polishing depth, pore spacing, metal thickness, refractive index(RI), and manufacturing error (5%) on the sensing performance. We also analyze the performance of the modified sensor in early cancer detection applications. Our use of a double-sided polishing structure and coating with a gold layer not only increases the contact area between the analyte and gold layer but also provides a large enough space for the analysis channel, which is conducive to the actual manufacture and use. The sensor has a detection range of 1.35-1.39, the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 21500 nm/RIU, the average wavelength sensitivity is 9550 nm/RIU, the amplitude sensitivity of -1057.1756 RIU-1, the maximum resolution is 4.68×10-6, R2 of 0.98265, figure of merit is 250, and the maximum resolution of 4.68×10-6, which can be used in the cancer detection and other biological areas.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Reduces Hospitalization Risk of Osteoarthritis Patients: A 13- Year Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Zhao Yanping , Wang Shuya , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Wang Yu Hsun , Zhang Zhiyi
Published: November 2021

Introduction：Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder of the movable joints. TCM has been widely used as complementary therapy for OA in Chinese. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) including Duhuojishi decoction, Shujing Huoxue decoction, Angelica Niantong decoction, Guilu Erxian glue et al are widely used in the clinical of osteoarthritis treatment. However there are very few large-scale studies about long-term effect of TCM on OA treatment. This study determined the long-term effects of TCM on reducing OA patients hospitalization risk.Material and methods: This study was a population-based retrospective cohort study. Patient data were collected from the claim-based Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2012. We enrolled 67737 TCM treated cohort and 67737 non-TCM comparison of newly diagnosed OA patients. Propensity score matching was done on age, sex and possible confounders to ensure baseline comparability. Outcomes were medical utility, including hospitalization rate, emergency visits and direct medical expense. Logistic regression was conducted to compare the differences o between TCM and non-TCM groups. Subgroup analyses were also performed by age, gender, income and urbanization.Results: TCM group had an overall higher medical expense than non-TCM group. Although Logistic regression analysis results showed that there was no difference of emergency rate in TCM group and non-TCM group, TCM treatment reduced hospitalization rate of OA significantly.Conclusions: The usage of TCM was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization of OA patients. TCM might play a complementary role in OA treatment.