bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory and Field Heritabilities Some Lessons from Drosophila
Authors: Hoffmann Ary A
Published: November 2023

The narrow-sense heritability of a trait is defined as the proportion of the phenotypic variance in the trait that is passed on to the next generation. If the phenotypic variance is given by Vp, and the additive genetic variance by VA, then the narrow-sense heritability is defined as VA/Vp. This parameter provides an indication of how much of the variability in a trait among individuals is genetic. It also provides an indication of how quickly a trait will respond to selection, and it is widely used to model microevolutionary change and processes maintaining variability in natural populations.
Adaptive Genetic Variation in the Wild
Authors: Endler John A
Published: November 2023

After many decades of neglect, we are finally considering seriously the extent and causes of adaptive genetic variation in natural populations. One of the reasons for the neglect until recently is that, in order to address this problem, we need to use extensive, complex, and time-consuming techniques of several poorly integrated fields: ecology, genetics, functional morphology, physiology, and behavior, and we need to use methods ranging from difficult field work to advanced molecular laboratory work. It is a rare person who can do all of these and integrate disparate fields. The chapters in this book are a good sample of the elegant, clever, and original approaches to understanding adaptive genetic variation, and they show that significant progress is now being made in understanding it. In this chapter I summarize the general patterns that are emerging and make some tentative suggestions about where we should go from here. To avoid long-standing arguments about the meaning of “adaptation; ‘ I use the term “adaptive genetic variation” in the sense of genetic variation that is correlated with variation in lifetime or total fitness of individuals.
Injury Epidemiology Research and Control Strategies
Authors: Robertson Leon S
Published: November 2023

This text presents epidemiologic methods for studying injuries and evaluating interventions to prevent them. It explains the formation of research questions, the sources of reliable and valid data, and the choice of research methods. The difficulties of applying rates and ratios to the evaluation of programs are discussed, and the use of economic concepts and policy analysis is covered. The Second Edition provides specific objectives for research needed in the various stages of injury control planning and implementation, including the types of data needed to reach the objectives. In a progressive, step-by-step analysis, the posing of research questions and the research designs that best answer those questions are illustrated. Examples of the use of surveillance systems to direct allocation of countermeasures of known effectiveness are updated. The false nexus between causation and prevention is clarified and the notion of the causal web is demystified. New studies of the effects of behavioral interventions, laws, and regulations are reviewed. The increasing gap between what is known and what is assumed in regulatory and cost-benefit analyses is discussed.
Evaluation of Post injury Treatment and Rehabilitation
Authors: Robertson Leon S
Published: November 2023

Research questions regarding the treatment of injuries and rehabilitation range from the profound issue of who survives trauma to the more mundane estimates of costs and payment. Only a small minority of physicians and other professionals delivering care to traumatized patients conduct research, but because of their familiarity of the treatment and rehabilitation scene, these persons are usually in a better position to ask good research questions than are academic epidemiologists (Findley, 1989).
The TSC2 Gene and Tuberin
Authors: Sampson Julian R
Published: November 2023

When a novel gene such as TSC2 is identified, a fundamental point in the associated disease process is defined. Using the gene as a resource, many areas of research can move from descriptive to experimental phases. Analysis of the sequence of the predicted protein product may reveal clues to the molecular and cellular processes that are perturbed in the disease state. In the case of tuberous sclerosis, descriptive research has been undertaken for over a century but experimental research is still in its infancy. With the progress that has been made in our understanding of the molecular basis of tuberous sclerosis, this area is now likely to grow and develop rapidly.
Nature and Purpose of Long-Term Care
Authors: Kane Rosalie A , Kane Robert L , Ladd Richard C
Published: November 2023

Starting at the beginning demands a definition of long-term care, the subject of this book. Long-term care is an odd term, which emerged to mark a distinction from acute health care. To define long-term care clearly, therefore, we must first define acute care. Acute care presumes an active illness or health problem that needs attention. The term acute care refers to health care typically offered in hospitals and doctors’ offices to diagnose and treat health conditions. Primary health care (a component of acute care) refers to the overall, first-order responsibility for managing an individual’s health, usually in an outpatient setting; primary care providers have responsibility for performing periodic health maintenance activities as well as treating or arranging for the treatment of active or acute illnesses. Typically, those who receive acute care, whether from hospital personnel or primary care practitioners, view themselves and are viewed as patients. To make the distinction between long-term care and acute care more complicated, most acute care for older people is directed at managing chronic, long-term health problems.
Managed Care and Long-Term Care
Authors: Kane Rosalie A , Kane Robert L , Ladd Richard C
Published: November 2023

Managed care is discussed more often than it is defined, perhaps because the term is used so variously and widely that it eludes clear definition. Some sort of management is, after all, part of any health or human service endeavor. In some ways, we have been talking about managing long-term care throughout this book. But managed care, as the new watchword of health care reform, and as a movement that has been sweeping the country, deserves a more precise definition.
Population-Level Models
Authors: Clark Colin W , Mangel Marc
Published: November 2023

Most of the dynamic state variable models described in this book pertain to individual optimization: What is optimal for one individual is assumed to be independent of the way other individuals are behaving. In this chapter we indicate briefly how dynamic state variable modeling can be extended to deal with population-level phenomena by using the example of state-dependent ideal free distributions. We also discuss an alternative approach to dynamic optimization based on the method of genetic algorithms.
Molecular Genetics: Tissue Samples in the Laboratory
Authors: Weir Robert F , Olick Robert S , Murray Jeffrey C
Published: November 2023

Clinical laboratories and research laboratories have a long history of handling biological materials derived from patients or participants in research studies. Extensive quality control procedures established over many years of experience ensure that samples are logged in, analyzed, and tracked in a way that helps generate high quality information and also ensures, when samples remain identified or identifiable, that results are identified with the originating patient with close to 100% accuracy.
An Agenda for the Near Future
Authors: Weir Robert F , Olick Robert S , Murray Jeffrey C
Published: November 2023

Throughout this book we have made the case for greater disclosure and more appropriately informed consent concerning the collection, storage, and scientific uses of human tissue samples. Our clarion call for policy and practice reforms that will better empower research participants in the exercises of choice in no way diminishes our steadfast support for biomedical research. We know how essential the use of human tissues is to that research and have great hope that biomedical investigators doing research with stored DNA samples will continue to lead the way toward patient-specific treatments and the promise of better health for all of us in the era of genomic medicine.
From Conservation to Coevolution
Authors: Thiele Leslie Paul
Published: November 2023

Faced with nearly two billion acres of land available for westward expansion, the early settlers of America eyed a vast resource awaiting exploitation. The rapid development of much of this land was to be expected. Within relatively short order, signs of widespread degradation were evident. By the mid-1700s, a Swedish naturalist traveling in America could complain bitterly about the depletion of the soil’s fertility and the lack of concern for natural and agricultural science among the colonists. He observed that “since the arrival of great crowds of Europeans, things are greatly changed; the country is well peopled, and the woods are cut down. The people, increasing in this country, have by hunting and shooting in part extirpated the birds, in part frightened them away. In spring the people steal eggs, mothers and young indifferently, because no regulations are made to the contrary. And if any had been made, the spirit of freedom which prevails in the country would not suffer them to be obeyed.” The naturalist concluded his account: “I found everywhere the wisdom and goodness of the Creator; but too seldom saw any inclination to make use of them or adequate estimation of them among men.” The problem, evidently, was not simply that the European colonists of America cared less for the land than did the native peoples. Even relative to European standards, American settlers acted irresponsibly in their relationship to the land.
Full Circle with the Dead
Authors: L.Gleason Ralph
Published: November 2023

short time ago the Grateful Dead played a four-night engagement at the Berkeley Community Theater. a hall that seats 3.500 when the orchestra pit is used. The entire series of four performances-14.000 tickets-was sold out by the end of the second day the tickets went on sale. There was no spe cial advertising campaign. just the usual announcements in the stan, <lard Bill Graham ads.
Now That We’ve Got a Moment to Stand...
Authors: Hunted Robert
Published: November 2023

Now that we’ve got a moment to stand what have we got do we like it or not? Kindly King of Light will explain the fine details in the long run but for the short run the usual ambition, greed and just a touch of goodwill we put what faith we can muster there not much and not often but not Never. this far.
An Aged Deadhead
Authors: Mayer Milton
Published: November 2023

The Dead had packed them in at a Quaker college in southern Indiana. I had heard all the rock:nroll I wanted to-and more. much more-on records. since Ms. Baby Mayer. the companion of my sorrows. was a true-blue Deadhead. (My son the manager.) I didn’t cotton to the thunderous tom-tom of the music. I was the genteel Dixieland/Mozart type. Ms. Baby said that you had to hear the Dead live. in the flesh. to under Mary Eisenhart has a particular affinity for Hunter’s entire body of work, which shows in her perceptive questions during the following interview published in Golden Road, Fall1984. Although the interview precedes the top-ten success of “Touch of Grey” by three years, Hunter does talk about that song and about the “new album” that was even then in process, which would include the song. And Hunter conveys a sense of a band in a period of stagnation that is coming to an end. Eisenhart is the co-founder of the Grateful Dead conference (and many of its spinoffs, including the literary conference “Deadlit”) on the WELL, as well as the Grateful Dead Forum on m. She is the former editor of MicroTimes magazine and she is presently the editor/webmaster of valleypeople.com, an on-line magazine for and about people in the high-tech industry.
This Darkness Got to Give: Some Thoughts on Problems in the Dead Scene
Authors: Jacksod Blair
Published: November 2023

Well. the Dead have just about made it to their 25th anniversary milestone! Wa-hoo! We should all be cheering. slapping high-fives. singing Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy” and generally eel. ebrating this momentous occasion. Instead. our joy is tempered by the sobering realization that the fragile Grateful Dead eco-system is still perilously threatened. There have been improvements on some fronts. regression on others. but the sum total of all the tweaking and adjust‘ ments is that it’s not enough-the Dead are still unwelcome many places and the wretched excesses of Deadheads coast to coast continue to generate bad publicity and bad feelings. What’s being done? What’s to be done? Who’s going to do it? And is it already too late? Let’s take a few moments to examine a few of the issues and areas of concern. Last fall was the first time the Dead banned camping and vending outside their shows. and the feedback we’ve received from Deadheads tell us that this definitely cut down on the number of people hanging out in the parking lots before shows. Cameron Sears. the Dead’s road manager. had this to say about the situation when we spoke to him recently: 1 felt that aspect of it was a success. by and large. and by a success I mean that most people were fairly cooperative with us. There was a strong amount of resistance from some people. and a strong amount of resistance from some Paddy Ladd can lay claim to writing from two unusual perspectives about the Dead: first, he is British: and second, he is Deaf. Both factors have made him acutely anentive to certain kinds of details that escape the scrutiny of other writers-and his writing displays a propensity for psychological speculation that is rewarding for its own sake, simply because Ladd thought to write about it.The following article by Ladd published in a slightly different form in the October 1992 issue of Spirallight, is somewhat prescient, which makes me wonder if we shouldn’t all pay attention in the way Ladd does. Ladd conceived of and organized the special section for Deaf Deadheads at concerts, the Deaf Zone. He recently completed his doctoral dissertation. In Search of Dea/hood-Towards an Understanding of Deaf Cu/cure. The British Deadhead-oriented fanzine Spiral light. ceased publication shortly after Garcia’s death.
African Roots of Jazz
Authors: Jr. Samuel A Floyd
Published: November 2023

African-American musical practices in the United States cannot be traced directly to specific populations in Africa with any degree of certainty. But it is possible to document certain general practices that are common to music in Africa and to black music in the United States and widespread in both. Thus we can draw reasonable conclusions about possible relationships between musical practices in Africa and those among jazz musicians in the United States. It can be hypothesized, for example, and determined to a high degree of certainty, that particular musical tendencies were brought with Africans to the New World, preserved within and outside the dancing ring of slave culture, and spread throughout African-derived populations in the United States, eventually becoming an integral part of the music we now know as jazz.
European Roots of Jazz
Authors: Youngren William H
Published: November 2023

When most people think of European music, they think first of the concert (or “serious” or “classical”) music of the past few centuries-dating back, say, to Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi. And certainly jazz does not sound like most of this music. It especially does not sound like the music of the composers we most often hear today in the concert hall: Beethoven, Wagner, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Mahler, Debussy. What distinguishes jazz most sharply from the music of these composers and their contemporaries is that jazz has a firm and steady beat, kept by the drums and the other rhythm instruments. Jazz, as we know, originated as dance music, and all dance music needs a secure rhythmic foundation to guide the dancers.

The concert music of the last few centuries, however, is not the only sort of European music. Europeans, like Americans, developed their own characteristic forms of dance music, and when they emigrated to this country, they brought their dance music with them.
Bowing to Necessities
Authors: Hemphill C Dallett
Published: November 2023

Anglo-Americans wrestled with some profound cultural contradictions as they shifted from the hierarchical and patriarchal society of the seventeenth-century frontier to the modern and fluid class democracy of the mid-nineteenth century. How could traditional inequality be maintained in the socially leveling environment of the early colonial wilderness? And how could nineteenth-century Americans pretend to be equal in an increasingly unequal society? Bowing to Necessities argues that manners provided ritual solutions to these central cultural problems by allowing Americans to act out--and thus reinforce--power relations just as these relations underwent challenges. Analyzing the many sermons, child-rearing guides, advice books, and etiquette manuals that taught Americans how to behave, this book connects these instructions to individual practices and personal concerns found in contemporary diaries and letters. It also illuminates crucial connections between evolving class, age, and gender relations. A social and cultural history with a unique and fascinating perspective, Hemphill's wide-ranging study offers readers a panorama of America's social customs from colonial times to the Civil War.
The Gendered Family
Authors: Kimmel Michael S
Published: November 2023

Nearly a decade ago, in 1992, then-Vice President Dan Quayle ignited a public debate about the family simply by attacking a fictional character on a television show. Murphy Brown’s decision to become a single mother, he charged, “mock[ed] the importance of fathers,” and presented single parenthood as “just another lifestyle choice.” Forty-one million Americans watched Murphy’s rhetorical revenge. In the September 21, 1992, broadcast of Murphy Brown, she chastised Quayle’s “painfully unfair” comments, reminding him, and America, that “families come in all shapes and sizes.”
Epilogue
Authors: Kimmel Michael S
Published: November 2023

To see gender differences as intransigent leads to political resignation about the possibilities of social change and increased gender equality. Those who proclaim that men and women come from different planets would have you believe that the best we can hope for is a sort of interplanetary detente, an uneasy truce in which we exasperatingly accept the inherent and intractable foibles of the other sex, a truce mediated by ever-wealthier psychological interpreters who can try and decode their impenetrable language.
Coral Reefs of the Western Indian Ocean: An Overview
Authors: Sheppard Charles R C
Published: November 2023

Coral reefs of the Indian Ocean exist in a very wide range of environments. Good examples exist of classic, oceanic atolls in clear water, and also of extensive fringing and patch reefs which grow in conditions of high environmental stress, where corals mix with other major benthic groups. Reefs develop best where sea surface temperatures remain above about 22°C, and classically, the reef province has previously been defined as that where temperatures rarely fall below about 18°C (40,47). The relationship between reef distribution and sea surface temperature has, however, turned out to be much too simplistic. Many reef species tolerate much lower water temperatures, and thriving coral communities may occur in conditions which are too cool, or perhaps too rich in nutrients, for reef construction to occur. The Indian Ocean is particularly rich in these examples, which will be discussed later.
Show Tunes
Authors: Feinstein Michael , Suskin Steven
Published: November 2023

This majestic reference book fully chronicles the shows, songs, and careers of the major composers of the American musical theater, from Jerome Kern's earliest interpolations to the latest hits on Broadway. Gershwin, Rodgers, Porter, Berlin, Bernstein, Loesser, Sondheim, Kander, Finn, Flaherty, and more--this book covers their work, their innovations, their successes, and their failures. Show Tunes is simply the most comprehensive volume of its kind ever produced, and this newly revised and updated edition discusses over 900 shows and almost 8,000 show tunes. The book has been called "a concise skeleton key to the Broadway musical" ( Variety) and "a ground-breaking reference work with a difference" ( Show Music)--or, as the Washington Post observed, "It makes you sing and dance all over your memory." The eagerly anticipated Third Edition, updated through January 1999, features the entire theatrical output of thirty-six of Broadway's leading composers, in addition to a wide selection of work by other composers. The listings include essential production data and statistics, the most extensive information available on published and recorded songs, and lively commentary on the shows, songs, and diverse careers. Based on meticulous research, the book also uncovers dozens of lost musicals--including shows that either closed out of town or were never headed for Broadway--and catalogs hundreds of previously unknown songs, including a number of musical gems that have been misplaced, cut, or forgotten. The book also includes a detailed chronology of the musicals and a show-by-show guide to the careers of Broadway's most important lyricists, librettists, producers, directors, and choreographers. Informative, insightful, and provocative, Show Tunes is an essential guide for anyone interested in the American musical.
Sleepy Heads
Authors: Flanagan Owen
Published: November 2023

There are many things I like about this prayer. It is short. It assumes and thereby teaches what is true, that we humans can do things to ourselves-”I lay me down to sleep:’ Furthermore, a child is taught the prayer not just so that he or she can express some egoistical desire about himself or herself. The prayer is taught because in learning to say it, one also learns that others love and care. The prayer expresses a communal wish that if one is to leave this earth alone, as each of us surely will, be it while sleeping or while wide awake, that others hope that we fare well. “Fare thee well” is used to express wishes for a good and safe journey.
Dreams: The Spandrels of Sleep
Authors: Flanagan Owen
Published: November 2023

Strictly speaking, these questions do not ask exactly the same thing. Things serve functions for which they were not designed-a paper bag can serve as an umbrella. And learning how some device works can leave one clueless about its function. Imagine an expert explaining to me the intricacies of his latest invention without ever explaining what it is for, or, alternatively, explaining what it is for without my being able to comprehend what he is talking about. Sup pose, for example, that understanding the device requires knowledge of quantum physics.
Comic Relief
Authors: Higgins Kathleen Marie
Published: November 2023

This book offers a lively and unorthodox analysis of Nietzsche by examining a neglected aspect of his scholarly personality—his sense of humour. While often thought of as ponderous and melancholy, the Nietzsche of Higgins’s study is a surprisingly subtle and light-hearted writer. She presents a close reading of The Gay Science to show how the numerous literary risks that Nietzsche takes reveal humour to be central to his project. Higgins argues that his use of humour is intended to dislodge readers from their usual somber detachment and to incite imaginative thinking.
Woman, All-Too-Woman?
Authors: Higgins Kathleen Marie
Published: November 2023

In his novel When Nietzsche Wept, Irwin Yalom reiterates the common por trait of Nietzsche as sexist uber alles. Much as the quip “Isn’t business ethics a contradiction in terms?” ubiquitously accosts philosophers involved in that subdiscipline, “What’s a nice girl like you doing studying a misogynist like that?” has haunted my career in Nietzsche scholarship. I have often wondered whether the point is about me or about Nietzsche. A sympathetic but jovial colleague perplexed me further by remarking, when he heard I was writing on this topic, “Yes, that must be interesting subject matter when you aren’t even shallow.”1 Yes, Nietzsche did say that women, far from deep, were not even shallow.1 But does this remark prove him a sexist? Are we even certain what it means?
Zarathustra Lives
Authors: Higgins Kathleen Marie
Published: November 2023

According to George Stack, Nietzsche wrote “Das ist es!” (That is it!) in the margin alongside this passage from Emerson’s “Character.” Once again Nietzsche reflects on the literal stature of a man, though in a way that contrasts with section 208’s assessment of “the big man.” Here a man’s stature is seen as a good guide to the person. Yet Emerson’s point is not so much about the massive male but about the impressiveness of the man’s bearing. Such a person presents himself as a compelling, living presence.
Brown V. Board Of Education
Authors: Patterson James T
Published: November 2023

Many people were elated when Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren delivered Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka in May 1954, the ruling that struck down state-sponsored racila segregation in America's public schools. Thurgood Marshall, chief attorney for the black families that launched the litigation, exclaimed later, "I was so happy, I was numb." The novelist Ralph Ellison wrote, "Another battle of the Civil War has been won. The rest is up to us and I'm very glad. What a wonderful world of possibilities are unfolded for the children!" Here, in a concise, compelling narrative, Bancroft Prize-winning historian James T. Patterson takes readers through the dramatic case and its fifty-year aftermath. A wide range of characters animates the story, from the little-known African-Americans who dared to challenge Jim Crow with lawsuits (at great personal cost); to Thurgood Marshall, who later became a Justice himself; to Earl Warren, who shephered a fractured Court to a unanimous decision. Others include segregationist politicians like Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas; Presidents Eisenhower, Johnson, and Nixon; and controversial Supreme Court justices such as William Rehnquist and Clarence Thomas.
Resegregation?
Authors: Patterson James T
Published: November 2023

We do not have to look far to find blacks who expressed doubts about progress in race relations—and about the special virtues of desegregation—in the early 1990s. Three comments will do: “There’s a moving violation that many African Americans know as D. W. H.: Driving While Hlack” (street wisdom). “THE BLACKER THE COLLECE, THE SWEETER THE KNOWLEDCE” (T-shirt worn by students at Jackson State University in Mississippi, which had an ove1whdmingly black student body). A cartoon strip: black students, having taken over an administration building, are pressing the university president. When asked what they want., they send out a note. its demand: separate water fountains for whites and blacks (Carry Trudeau”s “Doonesbury”“).
Introduction: Self and Social Identity: Key to Understanding Social and Behavioral Aspects of Physical Health and Disease?
Authors: Contrada Richard J , Ashmore Richard D
Published: November 2023

It is a bit risky to characterize a specific topic in the social and behavioral sciences as having entered a period of sustained activity. Even long-standing enthusiasm for a concept or subject matter can fade unexpectedly in the face of empirical inconsistencies, theoretical cul-desacs, or methodological difficulties, to say nothing of the vagaries of research funding. Yet, we have little hesitation in describing the two main topics of this volume—(1) self and social identity and (2) social and behavioral aspects of physical health and illness-as research areas whose current high levels of activity and productivity are likely to remain constant, if not intensify, in the foreseeable future. Over the past few decades, each of these topics has become a firmly established focus of investigation.
Self, Sickness, Somatization, and Systems of Care
Authors: Kihlstrom John F , Kihlstrom Lucy Canter
Published: November 2023

The scope of health psychology is very broad, including concerns with the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, the psychological correlates of health and illness, the individual ‘s relations with the health-care system, and the use of psychological knowledge in the formulation of health policy (Taylor, 1995). Perhaps because of its roots in social psychology, health psychology has focused on the sociocultural contexts of illness and health. For example, a recent review of the field (Taylor, Repetti, & Seeman, 1997) emphasized the unhealthy environment and discussed the role of such factors as race and socioeconomic status, the community, family, peer groups, work relations, and social networks in determining the level of disease-inducing chronic stress experienced by individuals, their vulnerability to mental illness, their coping skills and resources, and their health habits and behaviors. Interestingly, in all the literature in this new and exciting field, relatively little attention has focused on the role of the self in the genesis and maintenance of health and disease and in moderating an individual ‘s health-related behavior, including his or her interactions with health-service providers.
What ‘s Sex Got to Do with It: The Development of Sexual Identities during Adolescence
Authors: Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , Graber Julia A
Published: November 2023

The time between childhood and adulthood is often characterized as a period of consolidation, refinement, and acquisition of multiple identities. We use the term “identities” rather than “identity” to highlight the fact that individuals have multiple selves (Harter, 1997; Rosenberg, 1997). While other epochs of the life course also require that identities be revised or acquired, adolescence is sometimes considered unique in part because of the multiple arenas in which change is occurring, the press for more adult-like behavior, the rapid growth of cognitive skills, the more sustained interactions with same-age peers, and the physical growth (Feldman & Elliott, 1990; Graber, Brooks-Gunn, & Petersen, 1996; Gunnar & Collins, 1988). Although it is clear that identities during the adolescent years are preceded by childhood identities, the questions “Who am I?” and “What are the attributes of me that are most salient in different contexts?” seem to be asked more frequently in the teenage years (Damon & Hart, 1982; Harter, 1990, 1997).
Alfred b. Mullett 1866-1874
Authors: Lee Antoinette J
Published: November 2023

Alfred Bult Mullett is the best known of the fifteen men who served as supervising architect of the Treasury Department. Part of his reputation can be ascribed to the survival and growing appreciation of his sprawling State, War, and Navy Building located on the block just west of the White House. He also personified the supervising architect s near total control over public building design in an era when the architectural profession was becoming defined to the public. Thus, his was a monopoly that drew increasing levels of opposition from the community of private architects, now banded together into the American Institute of Architects (A1A). He was like an entrepreneur―although in this case a bureaucratic operator―in that he fought his enemies bitterly to hold onto his power. Long after Mullett left the Supervising Architect’s Office, his name continued to be cited by private architects as representing all that was wrong with federal government architecture.
Animal Attraction
Authors: K.C.Cooper David , Lanza Robert P
Published: November 2023

The 14-year-old boy clings to life in the intensive care unit. Only three weeks previously he had been a normal, healthy teenager attending high school. Then he was struck down by a bout of nausea and vomiting, accompanied by a slight fever, which his parents initially put down to something he had eaten. After three or four days, when he showed no improvement, he was taken to his doctor, a rural primary-care physician, who, to his everlasting credit, noted an irregular heartbeat. The young boy was admitted to the local hospital, and transferred from there to the nearest university medical center, where he was diagnosed as being in heart failure. Only one week had passed since he had last played basketball. No definite cause for his heart failure could be found, which many might consider surprising in this day and age of advanced medical technology. But a lack of a confirmed diagnosis is unfortunately common with this condition, dilated cardiomyopathy-indeed, confirmation is a relative rarity. The disease is not confined to teenagers, but occurs in all age groups. It has many known causes-and even more unknown ones. In the case of this young boy, his clinical history suggested it was associated with a viral infection, and so he was diagnosed as suffering heart failure caused by a viral inflammation of the heart-viral myocarditis.
The Immunological Holy Grail
Authors: K.C.Cooper David , Lanza Robert P
Published: November 2023

His heart transplant was necessary because he had suffered three heart attacks during the past eight years. He initially did well; he was out of the hospital within three weeks and experienced only one early rejection episode. This was treated successfully, and he returned to work as a business executive within three months. Six weeks later a viral pneumonia put him back in the intensive care unit. He recovered from this within a month, only to relapse with a mild stomach upset from the same virus. Having once again returned to work, he began to experience low back pain, which he attributed to sitting at a desk all day long. It troubled him most days, and he had to increase the painkillers he was taking. His doctors said his bones were getting thin and prescribed calcium tablets. Still, life was generally very good until he developed cancer of the lymph nodes in his neck four years later. His immunosuppressive drugs were reduced and he underwent a course of radiation therapy, which seemed to cure him, although the possibility of a recurrence remained at the back of his mind. Five years after his transplant, his annual coronary arteriogram indicated thickening of the arteries in his transplanted heart. Although he was told this represented chronic rejection, it caused no disability for a further three years.
Conflict of Interest in the Accounting Profession
Authors: Brooks Leonard J
Published: November 2023

The accounting profession is one in which accounting designations or certifications are received from professional associations, societies, or institutes to signify appropriate education, training, examination, ethical screening, and a commitment to follow the professional body’s ethical code. Not only do professional accountants have to be competent; they have to subscribe to the ethical values and standards put forward by their professional body. If they do not, professional accountants will not live up to the ethical standards expected by the public, and their reputations as well as those of their professional colleagues will suffer. As a profession, they will not be able to offer credible services and will lose the ability to command a competitive premium relative to other professionals who do.
Conflict of Interest in the Hollywood Film Industry: Coming to America-Tales from the Casting Couch, Gross and Net, in a Risky Business
Authors: Borcherding Thomas E , Filson Darren
Published: November 2023

Making a film is an uncertain enterprise, not just because of the fickleness of moviegoers, but because of the immense complexity of the process. From its initial conception in the “pitch” to its ultimate exhibition at the movie complex or placement at the local video store, the coordination process in the making of a film is a team effort with enormous potential for economic dissonance. The Hollywood problem inheres in motivating the myriad economic agents in this process-actors, agents and managers; directors, producers and other production talent, and writers; marketers and the all-important financial backers-to serve the collective interest of the enterprise.
Conflict of Interest in Medical Practice
Authors: Latham Stephen R
Published: November 2023

Conflicts of interest are an ineradicable part of medical practice, though not every kind of conflict of interest currently encountered in medical practice is ineradicable. Of those conflicts of interest that cannot be eradicated, many can be limited so that they do not result in harms to patients or to the public. In this chapter, I attempt to lay out a few of the most important types of conflict of interest in medical practice and to discuss the means by which they might best be eradicated or limited. I confine my discussion to certain of the most important conflicts faced by practicing physicians as such, leaving aside the many difficult conflict-of-interest questions raised when physicians act, for example, as researchers, educators, administrators, and lobbyists; and leaving aside, also, consideration of conflicts faced by non-MD medical practitioners.
Blood and AIDS in America Science, Politics, and the Making of an Iatrogenic Catastrophe
Authors: Bayer Ronald
Published: November 2023

On July 16, 1982, three cases of Pneumocystis cariniipneumonia were reported among hemophiliacs in the Centers for Disease Control’s Morbidity  and Mortality Weekly Report1. Two had died; one remained critically ill. All three were heterosexual. None had a history of intravenous drug use. In commenting on these cases, the CDC stated, “Although the course of the severe immune dysfunction is unknown, the occurrence among the three hemophiliac cases suggests the possible transmission of an agent through blood products.” These were the sentinel cases of an iatrogenic catastrophe that would affect the lives of thousands of blood transfusion recipients and hemophiliacs dependent on factor VIII concentrate for the treatment of their disorder. And although the numbers affected would be relatively small compared to the hundreds of thousands who would become infected through sexual contact and intravenous drug use, the plight of those infected through blood would, because of its implications for the vulnerability of all Americans, take on special significance.
Training Soprano Voices
Authors: Miller Richard
Published: November 2023

All soprano voices have characteristics in common, but each type of soprano voice also has special features that require a particular approach in teaching. A young dramatic soprano must not be forced into a soubrette mold, nor should the soubrette soprano be assigned dramatic tasks. Training Soprano Voices offers a complete system for training each type of soprano voice based on historic vocal pedagogy coupled with modern-day research on the singing voice. Designed as a practical program for singers, teachers, and voice professionals, the book places emphasis on the special nature of the soprano voice and the proper physiological functioning for the establishment of vocal proficiency. For each category of voice, Miller supplies a detailed description, recommends appropriate literature, and provides an effective system for voice building, including techniques for breath management, vibratory response, resonance balancing, language articulation, vocal agility, sostenuto, proper vocal registration, and dynamic control. The book concludes with a daily regimen of vocal development for healthy singing and artistic performance. Dozens of technical exercises, vocalization material taken from the performance literature, and numerous anatomical illustrations are included.
The Polo Grounds
Authors: Tygiel Jules
Published: November 2023

I first experienced the Polo Grounds in its afterlife. It was no longer what writers in the 1910s dubbed “the eighth wonder of the world”: nor was it the “opera house and the fighting cockpit of the golden age of Sports” of the 1920s, or even the inspirational site of Bobby Thomson’s 1951 “Shot Heard ‘Round the World.. or Willie Mays’s miracle catch in the 1954 World Series. The Polo Grounds in 1962 more resembled, according to a Sporting News headline, a “Torpedoed Ship That Refuses to Sink,” or, in the words of Roger Angell, a “doomed old stadium:’ Given up for dead after the Giants had moved to San Francisco in 1958, the Polo Grounds had won a brief reprieve from demolition with the arrival of the New York Mets. While New York City built a new pleasure palace in Flushing Meadows, the fledging Mets would cavort in the well-worn arena on the banks of the Harlem River in upper Manhattan.
Sewanee-How To Make A Yan Kee Southern Memories of the 1940s
Authors: Brown Bertranu Wyatt
Published: November 2023

A dead mule was lying in the middle of the two-lane road. The trip in the late summer of 1940 to reach the University of the South on the Cumberland plateau had been scary enough for an eight-year-old from Pennsylvania Dutch country. Although Harrisburg, my birthplace, was not at the center of that culture, I had had two teenage Amish girls for nannies. The new territory was something really different. I had no experience at all with mountains or country life, much less farm animals, alive or dead. Hairpin turns on a narrow highway, yawning vistas into the deep coves below-these motions and sights had me slightly dizzy. We were riding in my much older brother Charles’s “Blue Flash,” as he had christened his 1936 four-door Ford convertible.
Psychopathologic Phenomena
Authors: Taylor Michael Alan
Published: November 2023

To practice neuropsychiatry well, you need to be able to recognize and elicit psychopathology. You use the patient’s psychopathology to make a DSM diagnosis. If you understand the neurologic implications of these and other behaviors, you also can determine which brain systems are dysfunctional. This awareness helps shape treatment. How a patient sits in a waiting area, greets you, and interacts with other patients or staff on the inpatient unit are some of the behaviors that reveal how that patient’s brain is working.
Traumatic Brain Injury And Stroke
Authors: Taylor Michael Alan
Published: November 2023

Each year about 200/100,000 Americans (80% mild, 10% substantial, 10% severe) suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Only 15% are hospitalized, but 50%-100% have ongoing neurologic impairment. Reduced head injury mortality has increased the number of persons with TBI-related neuropsychiatric disabilities. TBI incidence peaks between 15 and 25 years of age and again after 60 years. Males are two to three times as likely as females to be seriously injured, and 50% of persons with TBI have substantial blood alcohol levels at time of injury. About 20% of victims are left with significant disability.
Dementia
Authors: Taylor Michael Alan
Published: November 2023

Five percent of persons over age 65 years, and 20% or more of those over age 80 years, are demented. Dementia, however, is not an inevitable outcome of aging, although cognitive decline is. Dementia is characterized by widespread cognitive impairment, usually of slow onset, and, in the early stages, a clear sensorium. Some dementing processes can resolve if identified and treated (e.g., due to depression, medications, hypothyroidism). Most end in a chronic defect state.
An Ethic for Health Promotion
Authors: Buchanan David R
Published: November 2023

What are the goals of health promotion and the most apropriate means of achieving them? The prevailing view is that these goals are to prolong life and reduce mortality rates. Since the leading causes of morbidity and mortality are now largely attributable to lifestyle behaviors--smoking, diet, exercise, etc.--the means of achieving reductions in heart disease, cancer, strokes, diabetes and other chronic conditins are to identify more effective techniques for changing people's behavior. Virtually all health promotion research is currently directed towards accomplishing this objective. But at what cost? As researchers strive for more effective ways to change people's behavior, what are the implications for individual autonomy, integrity, and responsibility? Buchanan sets out to explain why a science of health promotion is neither imminent or estimable. He argues that health promotin is inescapably a moral and political endeavor and that goals more befitting the realization of human well-being are to promote self-knowledge, individual autonomy, integrity, and responsibility through putting into practice more democratic processes of self-direction and mutual support in civil society.
Stardust Melody
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

Hoagy Carmichael was one of that remarkable group of songwriters who created the American popular song in its great age from the 1920s to the 1930s. Unlike most of the other leading songwriters of the period - such as Irving Berlin, Jerome Kern, Richard Rodgers, George Gershwin, Cole Porter, among others, all of whom were strongly New York based and directed - Carmichael's origins were in the Midwest, and his music, as one writer describes it, reflected the 'sounds of summer in a small-town America that is long ago but still longed for'. The American popular song developed and reached its peak in the same years that jazz extended its hold on America's music. Hoagy Carmichael has the strongest jazz roots of all America's great songwriters. He was intimately involved with the legendary jazz trumpeter Bix Beiderbecke, who was the dominant influence on his music. He sang and played piano in jazz groups well into the 1930s, and many of his songs greatly reflected these jazz roots - among them, 'Riverboat Shuffle', 'Washboard Blues', 'Georgia on my Mind', 'Lazy Bones', and 'Skylark'. Carmichael wrote 'Star Dust' - one of the most famous and popular American songs - which could be heard everywhere in the 1930s. In the late 1930s Carmichael began composing songs for Hollywood musicals, among them 'Two Sleepy People', 'I Get Along Without You Very Well', 'Ale Buttermilk Sky', and 'In the Cool, Cool of the Evening'. Carmichael also had a successful career in Hollywood as an actor, singer, and piano player. He appeared in 'To Have and Have Not' (with Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall), 'The Best Years of Our Lives', and 'Young Man With A Horn'. Throughout his career, Carmichael never lost his early affinity for, and deep love of, the dynamic jazz music of his youth. And some of the most majestic moments in the career of Louis Armstrong, jazz's preeminent figure, occur in performances of Carmichael's songs. And as Richard Sudhalter brilliantly reveals in this perceptive and moving biography, Carmichael and his music represent a special vision of America: 'open and decent, worldly but appreciative of simple pleasures, pragmatic yet principled, secular yet deeply moral.' Sudhalter understands Carmichael's music and its jazz roots, but he has an equally deep feel for this extraordinary man. He has written one of the great biographies of an American musical figure.
Populations and Places in Rural America
Authors: Ricketts Thomas C , Johnson-Webb, Karen D , K.Randolph Randy
Published: November 2023

The United States is a continental nation; it covers 3,787,319 square miles and is the third largest nation in the world. Its size and physical characteristics have meant that this single nation could accommodate thriving cities built on the trade from sheltered ports as well as vast farm, ranch, and wilderness areas distant from,urban growth. The great land area and generally moderate climate of the United States offer conditions for successful rural habitation. Even as the country's population has become proportionally more urban, its rural population has continued to grow. The 1990 census counted 61,658,330 "rural" people. That total is greater than the 1996 population of the United Kingdom (58 million), Spain (39 million), Italy (57 million), or France (58 million).