bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bottles of Art, Works of Alcohol
Authors: Drobnick Jim
Published: November 2018

Alcohol has gained a notable prominence in contemporary art, particularly in artists’ bars and other convivial situations at biennials and art fairs. What happens, though, when an artwork features alcohol that cannot or is not meant to be drunk? If the point of drink in contemporary art involves engaging spectators in sensorial, embodied encounters, what remains of the specialness of alcohol when it stays in the bottle? This article examines artists’ multiples and distillation projects where drinking is teasingly possible but downplayed. In these works, partaking is less important than the inebriating affect, in which drunkenness is experienced at a remove, and so infuses the imagination to instigate thought beyond the act of drinking. Even when contained, the intoxicating potential of alcohol has the ability to disrupt norms and aesthetic conventions, as well as to make compelling comments on art and society.
Still Life, With Lobster
Authors: Alexander Kelly
Published: November 2018

On March 1, 2018, the Swiss government enacted a ban against boiling live lobsters to death. This article explores the significance of that ban: Is it a political statement, a symbolic gesture, or both? In asking those questions, the author seeks to understand what kind of food politics are at play when a country bans a cooking technique. Drawing upon such seemingly disparate works as David Foster Wallace's landmark essay “Consider the Lobster,” the author's own ethnographic fieldwork in an haute cuisine restaurant in Europe, and the teachings of the French existentialist philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, this article argues that regulations over how we kill the animals that will become our food are ripe for reconsideration.
The SLC16A11 risk haplotype is associated with decreased insulin action, higher transaminases and large-size adipocytes
Authors: Almeda-Valdes Paloma , Gómez Velasco Donaji V , Arellano Campos Olimpia , Bello-Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen , del Rocío Sevilla-González Magdalena , Viveros Ruiz Tannia , Martagón Rosado Alexandro J , Bautista Claudia J , Muñoz Hernandez Liliana , Cruz-Bautista Ivette , Moreno-Macias Hortensia , Huerta-Chagoya Alicia , Rodríguez-Álvarez Karen Guadalupe , Walford Geoffrey A , Jacobs Suzanne B R , Guillen Pineda Luz E , Ordoñez-Sánchez Ma Luisa , Roldan-Valadez Ernesto , Azpiroz Joaquín , Furuzawa-Carballeda Jannette , Clark Patricia , Herrera-Hernández Miguel F , Zambrano Elena , Florez Jose C , Tusié Luna María Teresa , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
Published: November 2018

Objective

A haplotype at chromosome 17p13 that reduces expression and function of the solute carrier transporter SLC16A11 is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes in Mexicans. We aim to investigate the detailed metabolic profile of SLC16A11 risk haplotype carriers to identify potential physiological mechanisms explaining the increased type 2 diabetes risk.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

We evaluated carriers (n = 72) and non-carriers (n = 75) of the SLC16A11 risk haplotype, with or without type 2 diabetes. An independent sample of 1069 subjects was used to replicate biochemical findings. The evaluation included euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), MRI and spectroscopy and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies.

Results

Fat-free mass (FFM)-adjusted M value was lower in carriers of the SLC16A11 risk haplotype after adjusting for age and type 2 diabetes status (β = −0.164, P = 0.04). Subjects with type 2 diabetes and the risk haplotype demonstrated an increase of 8.76 U/L in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P = 0.02) and of 7.34 U/L in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (P = 0.05) compared with non-carriers and after adjusting for gender, age and ancestry. Among women with the risk haplotype and normal BMI, the adipocyte size was higher (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Individuals carrying the SLC16A11 risk haplotype exhibited decreased insulin action. Higher serum ALT and GGT levels were found in carriers with type 2 diabetes, and larger adipocytes in subcutaneous fat in the size distribution in carrier women with normal weight.
Triple positive solutions for semipositone fractional differential equations m-point boundary value problems with singularities and p–q-order derivatives
Authors: Zhang Xingqiu , Shao Zhuyan , Zhong Qiuyan , Zhao Zengqin
Published: November 2018

In this paper, by means of Leggett–Williams and Guo–Krasnosel'skii fixed point theorems, together with height functions of the nonlinearity on different bounded sets, triple positive solutions are obtained for some fractional differential equations with p–q-order derivatives involved in multi-point boundary value conditions. The nonlinearity may not only take negative infinity but also may permit singularities on both the time and the space variables.
Diabetológia és szervátültetés
Authors: Wagner László , Wittmann István , Piros László , P. Szabó Réka , Szakály Péter
Published: November 2018

Abstract:

Diabetes increases the risk of different kidney diseases. The most important is diabetic nephropathy, however, ischemic kidney disease, chronic pyleonephritis and papilla necrosis may also develop. The prognosis of diabetic nephropathy has improved recently, however, it is still the primary cause of dialysis and transplantation. Cardiovascular diseases predict mostly mortality in diabetic patients, however, cerebrovascular insults and peripheral obstructive arterial diseases necessitating lower limb amputations are also important. Diabetic retinopathy is almost always present with diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic neuropathy may also develop, furthermore vascular complications often combine. All these urge complex workup, follow-up and early treatment. If transplantation is indicated, preemptive operation should be preferred, and living donation shows the best outcomes. Different forms of carbohydrate disorder may occur after transplantation: new-onset diabetes or diabetes known before transplantation may progress. Renal transplantation with pancreas transplantation may be indicated in type 1 diabetes with end-stage diabetic nephropathy, most often simultaneously. This may result in normoglycemia and insulin-independence and the progression of other complications may also halt. Transplant associated hyperglycemia occurs in most of the patients early, however, it is often transitory. Despite stabilization of the patient and of the immunosuppressive therapy, about one third of the patients may develop posttransplant diabetes. Insulin secretion disorder is the primary cause, but insulin resistance is also needed. Insulin administration may help, however, other antidiabetics can also be useful. Carbohydrate metabolism should be checked in both cadaveric and living donors. The authors make an attempt to summarize the above conditions with Hungarian relevance as well. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(46): 1930–1939.
Szervkonzerválás gépi perfúzióval: új lehetőségek a hasi szervek transzplantációjában
Authors: Wettstein Dániel , Hamar Mátyás , Cseprekál Orsolya , Tóth Szabolcs József , Rózsa Balázs , Remport Ádám , Máthé Zoltán
Published: November 2018

Abstract:

Machine perfusion of marginal grafts might be a possible solution to organ shortage and a promising tool for reducing waiting list morbidity and mortality. In recent years, optimizing the circumstances of organ preservation prior to implantation via machine perfusion has become a hot topic of research. Machine perfusion offers a platform for organ reconditioning, assessment of cell viability and function, pharmacological preconditioning, prolongation of preservation time (ischemia time) and finally reducing graft injury. The objective of the new technology is to increase the pool of transplantable organs safely. Multicentric prospective studies have been evaluating the short and long term outcomes of different methods, however, several questions still remain unanswered. This review summarizes the recent advances in the field of machine perfusion, focusing on preclinical and clinical results. Machine perfusion seems to be a new milestone in the modern era of solid organ transplantation. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(46): 1882–1890.
A krónikus vesebetegek transzplantációval kapcsolatos attitűdjeinek vizsgálata
Authors: Illés Amanda , Nemes Balázs , Kovács Sándor , Bugán Antal
Published: November 2018

Abstract:

The patients’ attitudes towards kidney transplantation are significantly affected by the acceptance of the treatment to have a better quality of life. Exploration of the cognitive-emotional relation in patients with chronic renal failure. Our study included 285 kidney patients. We investigated three groups of patients: predialysis, dialysis and transplantation patients. In the framework of a pre-examination we have created an attitudinal questionnaire (85 items) that can be used to describe the cognitive and emotional attitude of kidney patients towards their illness and to measure scales. Negative attitudes towards transplantation were reported in dialysis and predialysis patients. In contrast, patients who had already undergone surgery were particularly positive about kidney transplantation. Many patients refuse transplantation which correlates with attitudes towards illness and healing. Our results showed that the exploration of the patients’ cognitive emotional relation along with the medical diagnosis would have a better adherence towards the kidney substitutional treatment which ensures a better quality of life. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(46): 1898–1904.
Élődonoros vesecsereprogramok Európában. Hol tart Magyarország? Összefoglaló tanulmány az ENCKEP (European Network for Collaboration on Kidney Exchange Programmes) COST Action eddigi eredményei alapján
Authors: Biró Péter , Remport Ádám , Mihály Sándor , Illésy Lóránt , Nemes Balázs
Published: November 2018

Abstract:

Patients with end-stage renal disease may exchange their willing, but incompatible donors among each other in centrally coordinated kidney exchange programmes. The aim of this writing is to summarise the results of the ENCKEP COST Action, and describe the lessons learned with regard to the plans for the Hungarian kidney exchange programme. The ENCKEP COST Action had several workshops since 2016 September, and its first working group conducted two surveys that they summarised in two handbooks; our description is based on these resources. There are already 10 national kidney exchange programmes in Europe, the oldest is in the Netherlands (operating since 2004) and the largest in the United Kingdom, where already more than 700 patients received a kidney through this programme in the last ten years. There are a number of countries with plans to start a kidney exchange programme, and international collaborations are also getting established in several regions. Kidney exchange programmes can significantly increase the opportunities of the kidney patients for getting living donor transplants, but for the successful operation of a kidney exchange programme the organisers have to resolve several medical, logistic, optimisation, ethical and legal issues. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(46): 1905–1912.
La Conurbación de Bogotá y Soacha, y sus implicaciones en la movilidad en el municipio de Soacha.
Authors: Lopera Peréz Vanessa , Moncada Sánchez Javier Felipe
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar el proceso de conurbación de la ciudad de Bogotá y el municipio de Soacha sobre el eje vial de la Autopista Sur,  ya que esta vía contribuyó a consolidar dicho proceso, facilitando la llegada de migrantes de las distintas regiones del país, por motivos de urbanización, desplazamiento forzado, entre otros factores, que generaron un acelerado crecimiento poblacional urbano, contribuyendo esto, a que se formaran problemas  para ambas entidades territoriales. A partir de esto, se realizó una contextualización de las dos entidades,  donde se compararon las características de su desarrollo demográfico, relaciones espaciales, precios del suelo, y vías de comunicación. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron la falta de una adecuada planeación distrital y municipal, que generó que el proceso de conurbación produjera impactos negativos, especialmente en la movilidad, convirtiéndola en una problemática, dada las limitaciones y la carencia de infraestructura que se presenta, principalmente en el municipio de Soacha.
A morte que salva vidas: complexidades do cuidado médico ao paciente com suspeita de morte encefálica
Authors: Aredes Janaína de Souza , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Giacomin Karla Cristina
Published: November 2018

Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é compreender como os médicos do maior pronto-atendimento de uma metrópole brasileira orientam o cuidado aos pacientes graves com suspeita de morte encefálica e potenciais doadores de órgãos. Trata-se de uma etnografia, desenvolvida em um hospital de pronto-socorro, referência em trauma na América Latina, situado no hipercentro da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A instituição, de modo pioneiro no Brasil, conta com um setor específico para onde são encaminhados os pacientes com suspeita de morte encefálica. O trabalho de campo foi realizado durante nove meses, baseado em observações empíricas e entrevistas junto a 43 médicos plantonistas - 25 homens e 18 mulheres, entre 28 e 69 anos. A análise dos dados foi orientada pelo modelo de “signos, significados e ações”. À etnografia, emergiu o processo de cuidado médico ao paciente em suspeita de morte encefálica que contempla: terapia intensiva; realização do protocolo e comunicação do fato à família do paciente. Nesse último caso, a interlocução perpassa as controvérsias no conceito de morte encefálica, o contexto sociocultural e o contexto do pronto-atendimento. Ficou claro que esse processo de cuidado médico ultrapassa questões meramente normativas e adentra uma complexidade de elementos, sobretudo o papel do profissional como mediador de uma miríade de elementos e tensões imbricados. Entre a constatação e a comunicação da morte encefálica emergem percepções ambivalentes dos médicos e dos familiares. O estudo evidenciou que a tênue definição do que seja a vida e a morte tangencia toda a atuação médica, tendo implicações diretas no cuidado ao paciente/potencial doador e aos familiares.
A dança dos números: aferindo experiências de discriminação em grupos multiplamente marginalizados
Authors: Bernardo Fabiula Renilda , Bastos João Luiz , Moretti-Pires Rodrigo Otávio
Published: November 2018

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a Escala de Discriminação Explícita (EDE), buscando identificar sua capacidade em refletir experiências de discriminação interseccionais sob a perspectiva do cruzamento entre cor/raça, sexo/gênero e posição socioeconômica. Trata-se de estudo baseado em dados de uma pesquisa realizada com uma amostra representativa de estudantes (n = 1.023) da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, regularmente matriculados no primeiro semestre de 2012. A análise estatística incluiu estimação das frequências relativas de cada um dos 18 itens da EDE, bem como de suas principais motivações, estratificadas por sexo/gênero, cor/raça e posição socioeconômica. Modelos de regressão binomial negativa possibilitaram avaliar se sexo/gênero, cor/raça e posição socioeconômica constituem preditores do escore de discriminação obtido com o instrumento, mesmo após o ajuste para covariáveis que potencialmente afetam as relações de interesse. Os resultados da análise de cada um dos 18 itens do instrumento sugerem que a EDE possibilita a mensuração da discriminação dentro de um quadro interseccional, uma vez que traz à tona as experiências discriminatórias vivenciadas por subgrupos minoritários, tais como mulheres negras e de posição socioeconômica baixa. Contudo, tal tendência não foi observada no escore global do instrumento, sugerindo que ele não permite situar os respondentes num espectro de variação de discriminação, que inclui graus menos e mais intensos do fenômeno. Pesquisas futuras são necessárias a fim de enfrentar a limitação observada e, assim, dar maior visibilidade às experiências de discriminação de grupos multiplamente marginalizados.
Homelessness and incarceration among psychiatric patients in Brazil
Authors: Melo Ana Paula Souto , Lima Eduardo de Paula , Barros Fabiana Cristina Ribeiro de , Camelo Lidyane do Valle , Guimarães Mark Drew Crosland
Published: November 2018

Abstract Psychiatric patients are at increased risk of adverse life events, such as being incarcerated and homelessness in their life course. Using data from a cross-sectional multicenter study of 2,475 patients selected from 26 mental health services in Brazil, we examined the association of sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and adverse life characteristics with history of homelessness, incarceration or their co-occurrence during lifetime. Odds ratios were obtained by multinomial logistic regression models. The prevalence of homelessness, incarceration and co-occurrence of these two conditions were 8.6%, 16.4%, and 9.4%, respectively. Lower income, living in unstable condition, intellectual disability, and cigarette smoking were associated with homelessness. Being male, lower schooling, sex under effect of alcohol or drugs, and multiple sex partners were associated with incarceration. Psychiatric hospitalizations, substance use, and history of sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual, physical, or verbal violence were associated with co-occurrence of both conditions. Our findings suggest that incarceration and homelessness are very prevalent and correlated in psychiatric patients in Brazil. Many of the associated factors are potentially modifiable, and may act synergistically requiring integrated care.
Burden of Mild Mental Retardation attributed to prenatal methylmercury exposure in Amazon: local and regional estimates
Authors: Vasconcellos Ana Claudia Santiago de , Barrocas Paulo Rubens Guimarães , Ruiz Claudia Maribel Vega , Mourão Dennys de Souza , Hacon Sandra de Souza
Published: November 2018

Abstract The gold rush in the Amazon Region caused an increase of mercury (Hg) levels in the environment, and, consequently, raised human exposure. Once released into aquatic systems, Hg could generate methylmercury (MeHg), an extremely toxic compound, which is accumulated through trophic chains. Several studies have provided evidences of the brain sensitivity to MeHg, as well as, of the fetus vulnerability during pregnancy. The main objective of this study was to estimate the Mild Mental Retardation (MMR) in Amazonian populations, caused by prenatal exposure to MeHg, using the methodology proposed by Poulin (2008), which quantifies the environmental burden of disease. The estimates of the MMR burden, attributed to prenatal MeHg exposure, were based on the calculation of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY), which were obtained from MMR incidence rate in the studied populations. At the local level, the MMR incidence rate calculations were based on primary data of MeHg exposure of riverine women at childbearing age. The MMR incidence rate was equal to 5.96/1,000 infants, which would result in 2.0 IQ points loss in 34.31% of the newborns. The estimated DALY/1,000 infants was equal to 71.2, while the DALY was 576. For the regional estimates, different exposure scenarios were created. The calculated DALY varied from 3,256 to 65,952 per year.
Aspectos relacionados à utilização de antirretrovirais em pacientes de alta complexidade no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Madruga Lívia Gonçalves dos Santos Lima , Silva Gabriela Veloso Vieira da , Alves Vinicius Abib Ramos , Velarde Luis Guillermo Coca , Azeredo Thiago Botelho , Setúbal Sergio , Brito Monique Araújo de , Lima Elisangela da Costa
Published: November 2018

Resumo O tratamento da aids implica a utilização de diversos medicamentos que compõem a terapia antirretroviral, sendo o controle logístico monitorado por um sistema nacional informatizado de dispensação, o Sistema de Controle Logístico de Medicamentos (SICLOM). O objetivo foi investigar a utilização da terapia antirretroviral de pacientes de dois hospitais universitários no Estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir do SICLOM. Foi realizado um estudo seccional com coleta de dados sociodemográficos e de dispensação, a partir do SICLOM. A avaliação da posse para estimativa de pacientes não aderidos foi realizada através do indicador de proporção de dias cobertos (PDC). Foram incluídos 538 pacientes com cadastro ativo no SICLOM, maiores de 18 anos de ambos os sexos. O ARV mais utilizado em ambos os hospitais foi lamivudina, dentre 58 esquemas diferentes identificados. A maior parte dos pacientes utilizava esquemas classificados como de primeira linha de tratamento. Em média, a proporção de dias cobertos (posse) pelo tratamento foi 88% (± 0,16). A linha de tratamento mostrou associação estatística com a posse, sendo observado melhor PDC 91% (p < 0,001) para os esquemas resgate. Este estudo corroborou o SICLOM como uma boa fonte para conhecimento do perfil de utilização de ARV.
Uso de Facebook, estrés percibido y consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Oliva Edna Idalia Paulina Navarro , Gherardi-Donato Edilaine Cristina da Silva , Bermúdez Javier Álvarez , Facundo Francisco Rafael Guzmán
Published: November 2018

Resumen Analizar el efecto entre el uso de Facebook, el estrés percibido y el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes. Fue realizado un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. La muestra fue de 110 jóvenes universitarios jóvenes universitarios de Nuevo León, México. Muestreo probabilístico. Se utilizó una Cedula de Datos Personales y Prevalencias del Consumo de Alcohol, Cuestionario de Identificación de Trastornos por Uso del Alcohol (AUDIT), Cuestionario de Uso de Facebook y la Escala de Estrés Percibido. Se contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación. Se encontró que el 6,4% de los jóvenes mencionaron que el uso de Facebook ha afectado su consumo de alcohol. El visualizar anuncios con contenido de alcohol en Facebook se relacionó con el consumo de alcohol (rs = 0,204, p < 0,05). Las horas que se utiliza Facebook se relacionó con el estrés percibido (rs = 0,189, p < 0,05). Finalmente se observó que existe un efecto significativo entre las horas y días de uso de Facebook, el estrés percibido por los jóvenes, la edad y el sexo sobre el consumo de alcohol perjudicial en los jóvenes universitarios (R2= 30,9%, p = 0,003). Por lo tanto es importante y necesario el considerar las redes sociales como una variable importante para ser incluida en futuras intervenciones en salud mental.
Estresse ocupacional e fatores associados em servidores públicos de uma universidade federal do sul do Brasil
Authors: Lopes Samuel Völz , Silva Marcelo Cozzensa da
Published: November 2018

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a prevalência de estresse e os fatores associados em servidores técnico-administrativos de uma universidade federal do sul do Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 371 servidores públicos. Foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de trabalho. O estresse no trabalho foi mensurado pelo Job Stress Scale (JSS). Para a análise dos dados foram realizados cálculos de estatística descritiva e inferencial, através de análise bivariada e multivariável. A maioria dos indivíduos era do sexo feminino (57,4%) e as médias de idade e escolaridade encontradas para a amostra foram, respectivamente, de 45,1 e de 18 anos de estudo. A estrutura de trabalho foi classificada como inadequada por 42% dos indivíduos. Entre os servidores, 22,7% foram classificados em alta exigência e 28% em trabalho passivo. Na análise ajustada, o estresse no trabalho mostrou-se associado à menor escolaridade, pior estrutura de trabalho e menor apoio social. Indivíduos com estrutura adequada tiveram odds de 2,79 e 2,30, respectivamente, para baixa exigência e trabalho passivo. Estes aspectos devem ser foco de intervenção por parte dos gestores da universidade no sentido de reduzir o nível de estresse e risco de adoecimento.
Common mental disorder among incarcerated women: a study on prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Audi Celene Aparecida Ferrari , Santiago Silvia Maria , Andrade Maria da Graça Garcia , Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo
Published: November 2018

Abstract Mental disorders are present in four of the ten main causes of incapacity across the world. This article aims to analyze the prevalence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in incarcerated women and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a population of 1,013 women incarcerated in a female prison. The prevalence of CMD was assessed by the SRQ-20. The hierarchical logistic regression was the method of analysis used to search for independent associations between sociodemographic, lifestyle, morbidity and violence variables with CMD and strength of association. The prevalence of CMD was 66.7%. The following variables were independently and positively associated with CMD: lack of income, hypertension, tranquilizers, physical inactivity, smoking, scabies/pediculosis, psychological violence in the year before being arrested, and having witnessed psychological violence in the family in childhood/adolescence. Interdisciplinary activities among health, justice and education institutions can contribute to a qualified assessment of women before admission into the prison system. This can enable an approach that does not exacerbate or trigger the onset of CMD, contributing to the improvement in living conditions and for better health and recovery strategies.
Post mortem evaluation of spinal cord and protruded intervertebral discs in dogs without neurological abnormalities
Authors: Zani Carolina C. , Marinho Paulo V.T. , Diamante Gabriel A.C. , Sueiro Felipe A.R. , Arias Mônica V. Bahr
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to verify the presence of protrusion of the intervertebral disc (IVD) causing compression of the spinal cord and/or roots of cauda equina in 30 dogs above seven years of age with no evidence of previous neurological abnormalities. After the occurrence of death or euthanasia, a laminectomy was performed from C2 to the sacral vertebra to verify the presence of IVD protrusions. The protruded IVD were macroscopically graded according to the Thompson scale, and the corresponding spinal cord segment was histologically analyzed for nervous tissue compression. Of the 30 dogs, twelve (40%) presented disc protrusion, and of these 12 dogs, seven (58%) presented more than one protruded disc. Disc protrusion was observed in 3.2% (25/780) of all IVD evaluated. Of the six chondrodystrophic dogs, five (83%) presented disc protrusion. Of the 24 nonchondrodystrophic dogs, seven (29%) presented IVD protrusion. The site that showed the highest frequency of protrusion was L4-L5 (6/25) followed by the L6-L7 region (3/25) and C6-C7 (3/25). Only two of the medullary segments evaluated showed histological changes, with presence of focal lymphocytic infiltration and multifocal mild hemorrhage in the gray matter. Under the conditions of this study, 40% of dogs older than seven years old showed IVD protrusions without showing neurological signs, with no abnormality of the nervous tissue in 92% of the evaluated segments. Thus, the protrusion of the IVD in some dogs, can only be a finding of no clinical relevance.
Padronização de multiplex PCR para detecção de dermatófitos em pelos e crostas de cães e gatos
Authors: Leal Carlos A.S. , Kim Pomy C.P. , Almeida Jonatas C. , Melo Renata P.B. , Santos André S. , Lima Débora C.V. , Pinheiro Júnior José W. , Mota Rinaldo A.
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: Objetivou-se padronizar uma reação do tipo multiplex PCR (mPCR) para detectar Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum e o complexo Trichophyton mentagrophytes em amostras de pelos e/ou crostas de cães e gatos. 250 amostras de pelos e/ou crostas de cães e gatos foram analisadas por meio de exame direto e cultura, o DNA das mesmas foi extraído para mPCR. Primers foram desenhados e como controle positivo da reação utilizou-se o DNA extraído de colônias de M. canis (URM 6273), M. gypseum (URM 6921) e T. mentagrophytes (URM 6211), provenientes da Coleção de Culturas (Micoteca URM), Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CCB/UFPE). Como controles negativos de reação, utilizou-se água destilada esterilizada e DNA extraído de Alternaria sp. para verificar a especificidade dos primers. Do total de amostras analisadas, 15 (6%) foram identificadas, em cultura, como dermatófitos, e destas, 10 foram M. canis, três M. gypseum e dois T. mentagrophytes (complexo). Destas 15 amostras positivas, 11 (73,3%) foram detectadas por meio da mPCR. Além destas, seis outras, negativas em cultura, foram identificadas como M. gypseum. Verificou-se uma boa concordância entre os resultados da cultura e mPCR (Kappa: 0,66). O protocolo padronizado neste estudo pode ser utilizado como um método de triagem, por apresentar uma sensibilidade maior que a da cultura, usado paralelamente aos exames de rotina, permitindo um diagnóstico em menor tempo.
Detecção de Aeromonas spp. e do gene de virulência aerolisina em tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) com a técnica de mPCR
Authors: Kim Fernando J.P. , Silva Allyne E.M , Silva Rafael V.S , Kim Pomy C.P , Acosta Atzel Candido , Silva Suzianny M.B.C. , Sena Maria J. , Mota Rinaldo A.
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: As infecções causadas por bactérias do gênero Aeromonas estão entre as doenças mais comuns em peixes cultivados em todo o mundo, com ocorrência de aeromoniose em todos os países que possuem cultivo de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de uma nova multiplex PCR (mPCR) para diagnóstico de Aeromonas spp. e identificação do gene aerolisina (aerA). Para padronização da mPCR foram utilizadas cepas de referência de várias espécies do gênero Aeromonas e de outros gêneros. Também foram usadas cepas de campo de A. hydrophila oriundas de cultivos de peixes pacamãs (Lophiosilurus alexandri) e Aeromonas spp. de tilápias do Nilo. Os primers foram desenhados com base na região 16S rRNA e aerA. Para verificar a melhor temperatura de anelamento foram utilizados gradientes entre 59°C a 61°C com 40ng de DNA molde. Os produtos da amplificação da região 16S rRNA e do gene aerA apresentaram 786 e 550pb, respectivamente. A mPCR apresentou melhor temperatura de anelamento a 57,6°C com limite de detecção das concentrações de DNA em ambos genes (16S rRNA and aerA) de 10-10g/μL. A mPCR padronizada é rápida, sensível e específica no diagnóstico de Aeromonas spp. e identificação do gene aerolisina. Esta metodologia apresenta vantagens quando comparada aos métodos de diagnóstico convencionais, podendo ser utilizada em cultivos comerciais de tilápias do Nilo ou outros peixes. A identificação do gene aerolisina é uma importante ferramenta na determinação do potencial patogênico dos isolados de Aeromonas spp. estudados.
The Translational Eco-environment of Pinteresque Language and the Construction of Audience Acceptance Space
Authors: Li Sainan , Li Zi
Published: November 2018

This study applied eco-translatology to drama translation. It’s showed that the key to successful drama translation is how to properly deal with various elements in the ecological environment of drama translation, and always take the interpretation and acceptance of the actors and the audiences in the target language as an important criterion. Therefore, under the perspective of eco-translatology, three features of the translation of Pinteresque language, namely the life-oriented, action-directed and character-targeted features, need to be realized to complete the construction of audience's acceptance space, so that more audiences in the Chinese mainland can enjoy and fully appreciate the beauty of Pinter's outstanding drama.
Influence of Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue on Chinese English Learners’ Pronunciation
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Liu Qi’ang
Published: November 2018

In our modern society, English is becoming increasingly important. As is known to all, pronunciation is a significant part of a language, which is complex and flexible. Chinese learners with a fluent and native English will benefit a lot. But the fact is that Chinese learners who have learned English as a second language for a long time still have lots of different problems on English pronunciation because of the interference of mother tongue. Therefore, based on language transfer theory, this paper intends to show different English pronunciation problems of learners in several areas—Northwest China, Central China, Northeast China and Southern China. By comparing Chinese and English phoneme families, the reasons of the problems in these areas will be analyzed. This paper aims to alleviate English pronunciation problems in these areas. What’s more, it is expected that this paper will be useful in teaching of English pronunciation.
Balinese Hegemonic Politness in Awig-Awig of Desa Pakraman
Authors: Arnawa Nengah , Gunartha I Wayan , Sadwika I Nyoman
Published: November 2018

This study is aimed at revealing the linguistic markers used in the awig-awig that have succeeded in generating hegemonic politeness in Balinese society. The data of this research were taken from a number of awig-awig documents collected based on sampling areas, which represent Balinese dialectal variations. The obtained data were triangulated through interviews with a number of prajuru‘leaders’ of desa pakraman. Based on the pragmatic theory it is revealed that the characteristics of awig-awig of the desa pakraman are: (1) using the imposing utterance, (2) using the maxim of wisdom and acceptance of the politeness principle, (3) using modalities, (4) emphasizing on assertive, commissive, and directive illocutionary, and (5) being consistent in applying the maxim of quantity and means of cooperative principles. All these characteristics are manifested by the direct-literal type of act in the Balinese language of alus singgih 'honor-high'. In association, the Balinese variety of alus singgih is used to honor the participants. The use of Balinese language alus singgih is believed to foster awareness of norms and values for every Balinese.
Evolution of Language from the Perspective of Historical Cognitive Linguistics—Connotations of Chinese “Dog” and English “Dog”
Authors: Zhou Yue , Liu Qi’ang
Published: November 2018

Language, as part of culture, is the most essential communicative tool and the main expression of human beings. Like all forms of life, it goes through the process of birth, development, decay, and continuity rather than being static. Chinese and English, occupying prominent positions in the world, exactly have different evolution which emerges in words, phonemes, grammar, syntax and so on. The study of evolution of language has become one of the hottest topics that experts and scholars attach great importance to. This thesis collects traditional and modern connotations of Chinese “dog” and English “dog” by referring to authoritative dictionaries and other relevant resources. From the aspects of formation of civilization, folk custom, myth and legend as well as value, it analyses traditional and modern connotations of Chinese “dog” and English “dog”. This thesis verifies that evolution of different languages has their respective characteristics and features.
On the Reflection of Naturalism in the Main Character in The Call of the Wild
Authors: Zeng Xiu
Published: November 2018

Jack London is one of the most outstanding and celebrated critical realists in American literature in the 20th century, he is well recognized in his artistic creation of literary works with the feature of naturalism. The Call of the Wild is one of his naturalistic works filled with adventure and fighting spirit. The main character of the novel is a dog named Buck. By concentrating on Buck's gradual reversion from a civilized pet to a primordial beast, Jack London demonstrates the power of heredity and environment in determining and shaping one’s mind and behaviors. Naturalists believe that mankind is the product of environment, the power of heredity and force of environment are greater than the will of human beings. It is not the strongest of the species that can survive, but the one most responsive to changes. Humans have to adapt themselves to the environment for survival. In The Call of the Wild, the principle of literary naturalism is mainly reflected in the effects of the hereditary and environmental factors on the fate of the main character, Buck.
The Effect of Corpus Assisted Creative Writing Sessions on Intermediate Learners' Writing Skills at the Arab International University
Authors: Khorsheed Ranwa
Published: November 2018

This paper aims at investigating the progress achieved by a group of intermediate English language learners in creative writing sessions. The main tool used for assessing learners' writing was the online British National Corpus. The learners were trained to use and consult the BNC in a couple of sessions. Then, they were asked to write two descriptive excerpts of a natural scene; one without consulting the BNC and the other one was done with the aid of the BNC. When comparing the two excerpts, several developments were noted with regard to the learners' use of vocabulary and grammatical structures.
The Operation of Translation Norms in the English Version of The Great Ming Code
Authors: Xiao Han , Li Lei
Published: November 2018

The Great Ming Code is one of the most influential codes in Chinese history, and its English version by Jiang Yonglin is undoubtedly counted as a new milestone in the study concerning with translation of Chinese legal classics. This research, based on the English translation of The Great Ming Code, is intended to show that the various norms in the source and target culture have a significant role to play during the translation process due to the fact that readers’ reception is the priority for translators. It is also found that such translation catering for the target readers without leaving the exotic culture out is very likely to be accepted and even welcomed by the target reader for the translation fits the readers’ expectation in the target society.
A Meso-levels Critical Discourse Analysis of the Movie Rudy Habibie
Authors: Goziyah Goziyah , Sunendar Dadang , Rasyid Yumna
Published: November 2018

Movie and discourse have been an academic concern. Based on the theoretical framework of Fairclough concept (1995), this study attempts to make a meso-level critical discourse analysis of a local movie, Rudy Habibie (2016). It explores how the discursive is formed and legitimized in the process of production, distribution, and consumption by the representation of the movie Rudy Habibie. It validates the effectiveness of CDA as a tool to reveal the relationship between language and ideology. It proves that Fairclough’s framework can be applied in the movie discursive study. Pratically it draws the attention to the ideologies embedded in movie discourse and encourages to improve the critical thinking. The findings described the various behaviors taken from the movie Rudy Habibie which are aimed to reveal stereotypes, presuppositions, hegemony, power and ideological stances. As the consequences, this movie became the best selling movie in 2016. The presented ideology delivered the audience through the story of the movie as the result of the text production, distribution, and consumption. The representation contributes to the construction of social power. Furthermore, the research believed having implications for language teaching, especially in CDA subject. Toward the applying of the CDA approach in the course, the student will be able to achieve the understanding of the writer’s style, finding meaning and reasons for particular stylistic choices.
Big Data under Obama and Trump: The Data-Fueled U.S. Presidency
Authors: Trish Barbara
Published: November 2018

The much-heralded use of data, analytics, and evidence-based decisions marks the U.S. presidency, wherein many processes and decisions are structured by the analysis of data. An approach with historical precedent, reliance on data was prominent under Obama, and is even under Trump, despite signals to the contrary. This article examines three cases from the Obama era: microtargeting in electoral campaigns, performance management in government, and signature drone strikes employed by the national security apparatus. It also reflects on the early Trump administration. The processes described are highly dependent on data, technically big data in two instances. The article examines the cases both on their own terms and in the context of a critical lens that directs attention to the political economy of the data. The analysis helps unpack the allure of data and analytics as well as the challenges in structuring an environment with a measured approach to data and big data, which would examine both their potential and drawback.
Allergy to cow’s milk protein
Authors: Platonova Natalia B
Published: November 2018

The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing year by year. Atopic dermatitis (AD) - the earliest clinical manifestation of atopy. By definition, atopic dermatitis is the allergic skin disease that occurs usually in early childhood in individuals with hereditary predisposition to atopic diseases having a chronic relapsing course, age characteristics of the location and morphology of the foci of inflammation, characterized by pruritus and caused hypersensitivity as to allergens, and to nonspecific irritants. Food and inhalant allergens play an important role in the formation of atopic dermatitis. The protein of cow’s milk is one of the first products to which developing sensitization. This is especially important for children in their first year of life. During this period neonatologists of the maternity hospital and precinct pediatricians are very important to assess the risk of a child’s food allergy and, if necessary, artificial feeding or supplementary feeding to recommend an artificial mixture, taking into account evaluation results. The proper purpose depends largely on whether the risk is realized or not, as well as the effectiveness of treatment in the presence of existing clinical manifestations, because a rational diet is the guiding principle of therapy of atopic dermatitis in infants. Unfortunately, precinct pediatricians do not always assess the situation correctly. The article gives a clinical case, an example of which analyzed the most typical errors made when bottle-fed infants with food allergy to cow’s milk protein.
The role of local anesthesia to reduce pain after PСNL
Authors: Popov Sergei V , Orlov Igor N , Obidnyak Vladimir M , Malevich Sergey M , Borichev Maxim V , Basok Stanislav M , Gadzhiev Nariman K , Tagirov Nair S , Pisarev Alexey V , Malkhasyan Vigen A , Mazurenko Denis A
Published: November 2018

The goal of the study was to assess the level of postoperative pain in patients undergoing PCNL after paratubal infiltration with local anesthetic to compare this method of anesthesia with a control group where local anesthesia was not provided. 63 patients were included with kidney stones, confirmed by computer tomography (CT), who were planned to undergo percutaneous nephrolithitomy (PСNL). During the observation 6 patients have been excluded in accordance with the exclusion criteria. The remaining 57 patients were randomized into 2 groups: group A (n= 28) at the end of the operation received paratubal infiltration of 0.5% sol. ropivacaine; group B (n= 29) (controls) — local anesthesia was not used. Postoperative pain was assessed by means of VAS-score 1 hour, 6 hours and 24 hours after surgery. Systemic analgesia was performed with NSAIDs (intramuscular injection of 100 mg ketoprofen) when requested by the patient (Patient-Controlled Analgesia). In patients with local anesthesia, the total VAS score evaluated after 1 and 6 hours after the operation was significantly lower than in the control group. The average amount of ketoprofen required for postoperative analgesia in the group of patients with paratubal infiltration was significantly lower than in the control group. Paratubal infiltration of local anesthetic after PCNL significantly reduced postoperative pain and tended to reduce the amount of NSAIDs to eliminate pain, which in turn may reduce the risk of complications associated with NSAID.
The Clinical Case Of Symptomatic Epilepsy In Newborn With Neonatal Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Melashenko Tatiana V , Guzeva Victoria V , Malekov Damir A
Published: November 2018

Symptomatic epilepsy is common disorder in neonatal period. One of the reasons of symptomatic epilepsy can be neonatal hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is the commonest metabolic disorder in neonatal period. Neonatal hypoglycemia can cause neonatal hypoglycemic encephalopathy (NHE) with damage of occipital cortex, symptomatic epilepsy in early postnatal period of life and severe neurological impairment in childhood. Early diagnosis of the NHE is possibly by using brain’s MRI and EEG in neonatal period. Presented clinical case of symptomatic epilepsy in newborn with NHE and results of his clinical examination and findings on brain’s MRI, EEG. There has been performance twice EEG recoding in the acute clinical phase of the hypoglycemic encephalopathy with video monitoring. We used multichannel EEG record in the neonatal modification. Once there has been fulfillment MRI (1,5T scanner) in early period of the case disease (after the convulsion discontinuation). We routinely used T1 weighted imaging, T2 weighted imaging, DWI and Flair. We show the correlation functional brain discharge and structural brain damages by MRI in the case of the neonatal hypoglycemic encephalopathy. The EEG recorded epileptiform activity (sharp theta-waves, spices) in central-occipital and temporal regions. We detected the changes MR-signal from central-occipital and temporal brains regions and thinning of occipital cortex with normal cortex architecture
Clinical profile of opportunistic infections in HIV seropositive patients attending tertiary centre, Raichur, India
Authors: . Shilpa , Andgi Aakash
Published: November 2018

Background: According to Karnataka state HIV statistics, HIV positivity among general clients tested at ICTCs, Raichur (4.9%) had third highest proportion of HIV positive cases. Authors decided to focus on opportunistic infections (OIs) in HIV patients of Raichur district since they contribute to the mortality and morbidity.Methods: It’s a cross sectional, hospital-based study with 100 patients with HIV infections as per NACO guidelines with features of OIs were included in study.Results: In this study, 77 males (77%), 23 female (23%) patients with 58% (n=58) of them in 30-39yrs age group and 21% (n=21) in 20-29yrs were seen. Majority of cases were laborers (47%) and less educated (n=55). Symptoms included loss of appetite (76%) n=76, fever (72%) n=72, cough (55%) n=55 and diarrhoea15% (n=15). The respiratory system was most frequently involved by opportunistic infections and accounted for 56% (n=56) of the total cases and clinically consolidation/crepitation was most frequent presentation accounting for 75% (n=42). Tuberculosis was most common OI (55%) with combined pulmonary and extra pulmonary in 56.37% (n=31), tubercular meningitis and tubercular lymphadenopathy each accounting for 30.77% (n=12) amounted majority, with pleural effusion 20.52% (n=8). Median CD4+T cell count was 217.72 in TB. Candidiasis is second most common OI with 49% (n=49), median CD4 count being 190.07. Other OIs observed were pneumocystosis 16% (n=16), cryptococcosis 2% (n=2).Conclusions: Most common OI in the study was tuberculosis (in extra pulmonary TB meningitis and TB lymphadenitis) followed by Candidiasis, Pneumocystosis and Cryptococcosis.