bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ENTRY OF SWEDEN AND FINLAND INTO NATO AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE CRISIS OF REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SECURITY SYSTEMS
Authors:   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка, Горобець Ігор , Мартинов Андрій ,   Інститут історії України НАН України
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the prerequisites and consequences of the accession of Sweden and Finland to NATO. Neutrality is avoiding participation in wars and non-participation in military-political blocs in peacetime, as well as not providing national territory for foreign military bases, and refusing to sell weapons to opposing parties. The Russian ultimatum of November 2021 with the demands that NATO renounce the consequences of the expansion of the alliance testified to the fact of a deep crisis of the European security system. The trend towards the formation of a multipolar system of international relations has changed the logic of the policy of neutrality. Defeat in the Northern War of 1700-1721 prompted Sweden to switch to a policy of active neutrality. In 1935, Finland declared its intention to pursue a neutral policy with priority given to the Scandinavian direction. After Finland's defeat in the Second World War, the so-called «Finlandization» became a feature of Finnish neutrality. «Finlandization» is considered as subordination of the political course of a weaker country to the interests of a more powerful neighboring country with formal preservation of sovereignty. The process of gradual formation of a multipolar world provoked a change in the geopolitical orientations of the states of Northern Europe. There is constant tension in the Arctic. The USA declared a course for a new Atlanticism aimed at continuing the process of expansion and structural and functional strengthening of NATO. The active phase of the Russian war against Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, was the decisive reason for the decision to join Sweden and Finland in NATO.
التعليم العثماني في بيروت ودوره في الحفاظ على الهوية
Authors: كشيش محمد الزبيدي نوال
Published: November 2022

كانت المدارس الإسلامية أساس التعليم في العهد العثماني وتطورت هذه المدارس بشكل دائم مع مرور الزمن وبعبور انشاء اول مدرسة عثمانية الي سنة 1331 في مدينة ازنبك في تركيا امان بيروت فيعود تأسيس اول مدرسة وهي مدرسة (الكتاتيب) وهي بالأصل مدارس دينية وتسمى مدارس الصيبان يدرس فيها كل ما يتعلق بالدين والشريعة وقد انشئت المدارس العثمانية بهدف تخريج المدرسين والمغنين والعاملين في المؤسيسات الدينية والقضائية واتسم التعليم في تلك المدارس بجودة عالية حيث كانت تدرس العديد من المواد مثل الفلسفة والتفسران وتطورت تلك المدارس وخاصة المدارس الدينية وأصبحت تدرس فيها كل من المنطق والرياضات وعلم الفلك والتاريخ.
تحديات التنمية المستدامة في دول الاقتصاد الريعي (العراق نموذجا )
Authors: محمد عبد الحسين سارة
Published: November 2022

تواجه التنمية المستدامة في الدول الريعية مشاكل معوقات قد لا تعانيها التنمية المستدامة في دول العالم  الرأسمالي ومن تلك المعوقات هي تمويل التنمية فالتنمية المستدامة هي قرار وتمويل وتواجه الدول الريعية  مشكلة في التمويل خاصة مع تذبذب حجم الايرادات المالية فيها بسبب الاعتماد الريعي لها ومن امثلة تلك  الدول العراق اذا ما علمنا ان عملية مركبة في محصلة لتفاعل العناصر المرتبطة بحركة المجتمع، والتي تحدث تغيرات كمية ونوعية على حياة الناس في حقبة زمنية معينة، وقد توسع مفهوم التنمية من مجرد التركيز على النمو الاقتصادي، ليصبح جزءا من عملية التنمية المستمرة والمستدامة، فالتنمية المستدامة عبارة عن صيرورة تؤدي الى توسيع الخيارات امام الناس، عبر وضع البشر في صميم عملية التنمية

وجعلهم هدفها وموضوعها، مثلما تدعو الى حماية الخيارات الانسانية لأجيال المستقبل والاجيال الحاضرة وتشمل هذه الخيارات الحياة الطويلة والصحية واكتساب المعرفة والتمكن من الموارد الضرورية  للتمتع بمستوى معيشي مناسب، يضاف الى ذلك الحرية السياسية والتمتع بحقوق الانسان واحترام  الذات، فالتنمية المستدامة تجمع بين القدرة وتنميتها واستعمالها، وتتجاوز المفاهيم التقليدية كرأس المال البشري واشباع الحاجات الاساسية والموارد البشرية... الخ. إذ ان العراق يشهد تراجعا في مقاييس التنمية المستدامة، وهذا التراجع بمختلف مقاييسه له تداعيات خطيرة على بروز العديد من الظواهر  البطالة والفقر والحرمان والرشوة والتزوير والارهاب.. الخ. وان استمرار هذا التراجع في مؤشرات  التنمية المستدامة يعني عدم القدرة على احداث طفرة نوعية في المجتمع العراقي في الامد القريب .
Applications of Several Minimum Principles
Authors: PARK Sehie
Published: November 2022

In our previous works, a Metatheorem in ordered fixed point theory showed that certain maximum principles
can be reformulated to various types of fixed point theorems for progressive maps and conversely. Therefore,
there should be the dual principles related to minimality, anti-progressive maps, and others. In the present
article, we derive several minimum principles particular to Metatheorem and their applications. One of
such applications is the Brøndsted-Jachymski Principle. We show that known examples due to Zorn (1935),
Kasahara (1976), Brézis-Browder (1976), Taskovi¢ (1989), Zhong (1997), Khamsi (2009), Cobzas (2011) and
others can be improved and strengthened by our new minimum principles.
La moneda, la soberania y la reinvención del mundo
Authors: Nuñez Manuel
Published: November 2022

Understand what are the likely directions and underlying forces for the changes underway in the third decade of the 21st century. To do this, (i) we will start from the classical theory of democracy and describe, first of all, the internal threats it faces. Next, (ii) we will analyze what currency is and its transformations in recent years. Then (iii) we will show the relationship between democracy and currency in the context of sovereignty and the transition from national sovereignty to imperial sovereignty. We will summarize how, from all this, (iv) an imperial order results, with actors who animate and combat it. We will show which are (v) the alternatives for the maintenance and transformation of the world order thus generated. And finally, (vi) from a perspective of democratic realism, we will outline what are the opportunities for sustainable development in this context. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Entender cuáles son las direcciones probables y las fuerzas subyacentes a los cambios en curso en la tercera década del s xxi. Para ello, (i) partiremos de la teoría clásica de la democracia y describiremos, en primer lugar, las amenazas internas a las que se enfrenta. A continuación, (ii) analizaremos que es la moneda y sus transformaciones en los últimos años. Después (iii) mostraremos la relación entre democracia y moneda en el contexto de la soberanía y el paso de la soberanía nacional a la soberanía imperial. Resumiremos como, de todo ello, resulta (iv) un orden imperial, con actores que lo animan y lo combaten. Mostraremos cuales son (v) las alternativas de mantenimiento y transformación del orden mundial así generado. Y por último, (vi) desde una perspectiva de realismo democrático, delinearemos cuales son las oportunidades de desarrollo sostenible en ese contexto.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN TENTANG HIGH QUALITY CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
Authors: Khairunnisa Indah
Published: November 2022

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada mahasiswa keperawatan di Politeknik Kesehatan Riau Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1.Resusitasi mengandung arti harfiah “Menghidupkan kembali” tentunya dimaksudkan usaha-usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah suatu episode henti jantung berlanjut menjadi kematian biologis. 2.Resusitasi jantung paru terdiriatas 2 komponen utama yakni, Bantuan Hidup Dasar (BHD) dan Bantuan Hidup Lanjut (BHL). 3.Usaha Bantuan Hidup Dasar bertujuan dengan cepat mempertahankan pasok oksigen ke otak, jantung dan alat-alat vital lainnya sambal menunggu pengobatan lanjutan.4.Bantuan hidup lanjut dengan pemberian obat-obatan untuk memperpanjang hidup Resusitasi dilakukan pada infark jantung “kecil” yang mengakibatkan “kematian listrik”, serangan Adams-Stokes, Hipoksia akut, keracunan dan kelebihan dosis obat-obatan, sengatan listrik, refleks vagal, serta kecelakaan lain yang masih memberikan peluang untuk hidup. 5.Resusitasitidak dilakukan pada kematian normal stadium terminal suatu yang tak dapat disembuhkan.6.Penanganan dan tindakan cepat pada resusitasi jantung paru khususnya pada kegawatan kardiovaskuler amat penting untuk menyelematkan hidup, untuk itu perlu pengetahuan RJP yang tepat dan benar dalam pelaksanaannya.7.Basic Life Support (BLS) boleh dilakukan oleh orang awam dan juga orang yang terlatih dalam bidang kesehatan.
Cognitive Warfare
Authors: Pastor Alvaro
Published: November 2022

Military powers have consolidated in the last two decades a way to erase the boundaries between peacetime and crisis and wage a continuous war. Cognitive warfare (CW) has been proposed as the most advanced form to-date of manipulation of behaviour at mass scale in order to gain tactical or strategic advantage. Instead of the corpse-ridden battlefields of kinetic warfare, the theater of operations of CW is the human mind, and therein operations are realized on the fields of perception, emotion and memory. The goal is not termination but control and exploitation. This opinion article reviews methods of CW focused on the human factors that may be manipulated not to merely control what populations think but how they think and thus how they act. It is argued that the weaponisation of sciences of brain and behaviour, combined with a pervasive computing technological millieu, can be utilised in CW to fine-tune societal and subject-level factors rendering not only all opposition infertile, but the very fact of being oppressed desirable
The effect of uncertainties in creep activation energies on modeling ice flow and deformation
Authors: Ranganathan Meghana , Minchew Brent
Published: November 2022

Ice deformation is commonly represented by a power-law constitutive relation, Glen's Flow Law, where deformation (strain) rate equals stress raised to the power n and multiplied by a flow-rate parameter A. Glen's Law represents bulk ice rheology as a single power-law even though multiple mechanisms, each with their own power-law relation and parametric values, act together during viscous deformation (creep) of ice. The relative importance of different creep mechanisms in naturally- deforming ice sheets controls the parameters n and A in Glen's Flow Law. We couple a composite flow law that explicitly represents individual deformation mechanisms with models for ice temperature and grain size to estimate the dominant deformation mechanism in the Antarctic Ice Sheet. We demonstrate that uncertainties in creep activation energies produce significant uncertainties in the dominant deformation mechanism, and thus values of A and n. Minor variations in the activation energy values (<10% or <5 kJ/mol) can change the dominant creep mechanism, causing n to vary between 1.8<n<4. We propose a way of using observational inferences of the stress exponent n to recalibrate activation energy values in ice sheet models. This enables an improved understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of ice deformation and the controls on ice flow.
Obtención de un medio enriquecido en proteínas a partir de residuos de papa (solanum tuberosum) por fermentación microbiana
Authors: Apunte D , Fernández Danae , López Orestes
Published: November 2022

En el presente trabajo de investigación para obtener un medio enriquecido en proteínas por fermentación microbiana, se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica de los residuos domésticos de papa (Solanum tuberosum), para esto se determinó: pH, porcentaje de humedad, porcentaje de almidón y concentración de proteína en las variedades: superchola, chola y única. Mediante un diseño completamente al azar se pudo comprobar que no existió diferencia significativa entre las tres variedades de papa en cuanto al porcentaje de almidón. Se caracterizó macroscópica y microscópicamente al Aspergillus niger, microorganismo aislado por estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología a partir de sustratos orgánicos de limón, para posteriormente utilizarlo en la fermentación microbiana con los residuos de papa caracterizados. En la investigación se formularon 4 medios, mediante un diseño factorial 22 se determinó la influencia de los factores humedad (61% y 93%) y composición del medio (sin sales y con sales) sobre las variables respuestas: concentración de proteínas y concentración de biomasa, obteniendo valores óptimos de 15,91 mg/ml y de 0,79 g/ml respectivamente, en el medio formulado sin sales y con una humedad del 61%
Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the content of microencapsulated blackberry anthocyanins (Rubus glaucus).
Authors: Bastidas Bastidas Vanessa , López Hernández Orestes , Hernández Navarro Yoel
Published: November 2022

El trabajo de investigación, se basó en la extracción, microencapsulación y cuantificación de flavonoides (antocianinas) a partir de mora (Rubus glaucus), además se evaluaron las propiedades antioxidantes que poseen los componentes extraídos de la planta en estudio. Se obtuvieron tres microencapsulados utilizando como agentes encapsulantes polímeros como: maltodextrina, mezcla en proporciones (1:1) de maltodextrina y goma arábiga y proteína concentrada de suero. Se alcanzaron eficiencias de microencapsulación de 90,81 % - 90,64 % y 89,73 %, respectivamente con cada agente encapsulante. Mediante el análisis de espectroscopía infrarroja se demostró que las antocianinas de mora se encontraban recubiertas por los polímeros, en forma de microesferas. Para evaluar las propiedades antioxidantes se realizó un análisis in vivo utilizando Saccharomyces cerevisiae en donde a través de las curvas de crecimiento se verificó el efecto antioxidante comparado con la vitamina C como antioxidante de referencia.
Evaluación fisicoquímica y microbiológica de la extracción de harina de oca por el método tacho abierto
Authors: Caicedo Dayana
Published: November 2022

Las harinas han sido fundamental para la elaboración de productos con mayores propiedades nutricionales, es por ello que se realizó una evaluación fisicoquímica y microbiológica de la extracción de harina de oca por el método tacho abierto con la finalidad de aumentar su consumo. Se utilizó ocas frescas y en buenas condiciones las cuales emplearon un tiempo de endulzado de 15 días expuestas al sol, luego se procedió a lavar, desinfectar y cortar en hojuelas con un diámetro de 2mm para someterlas en una solución de ácido cítrico a 0,1% normal. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo la pre cocción de las hojuelas a tacho abierto, método que consiste en la aplicación de calor a 91°C durante 20 minutos con una presión de 10,44 PSI. Finalmente, se lleva las hojuelas de oca a un proceso de secado durante 20 horas para su respectiva molienda y tamizado hasta extraer la harina a la cual se le harán los diferentes análisis. Los resultados que presentó la harina de oca fueron un pH de 7,43%, humedad 9,32%, cenizas 4,23%, proteína 6,28%, fibra 2,98%, grasa 0,83%, carbohidratos 77, 25% lo que significa que cumple como los requerimientos fisicoquímicos establecidos en la norma NTE INEN 616, así como también su análisis microbiológico ya que el conteo de las ufc/g de coliformes, mohos y levaduras fue menor a los límites máximos permitidos.
Prevalence of Loss of Smell and/or Taste and other Otorhinolaryngology Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Shrestha I. , Mishra A. , Mishra A. , Bista M. , Acharya J.
Published: November 2022

Background Loss of smell and/or taste have been described in COVID-19 patients. Studies have not been conducted to evaluate the loss of smell and/or taste in the context of Nepal.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Ear, Nose and Throat related symptoms and assess smell and taste disorders in laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients.

Method This prospective cross-sectional study evaluated patients from September 2020 to March 2021 with preceding COVID-19 diagnosis from a tertiary centre in Kathmandu. COVID-19 positive patients visiting out-patient department, quarantined or admitted were included. Patients were given questionnaire consisting of demographic data, history of smoking and evaluation of presenting symptoms. Loss of smell and taste were subjectively tested and followed up via telephone for ten weeks to evaluate for recovery time and degree of recovery.

Result A total of 226 patients participated in the study, 18-92 years old (mean age, 36.77 ± 15.23 years; 53.5% males, 69% non-smokers). Majority of the patients had Myalgia (n = 128, 56.6%) as their presenting symptoms followed by fever (n = 122, 53.9%), loss of smell (n = 117, 51.7%), cough (n = 107, 47.34) and sore throat (n = 102, 45.1%). Loss of sense of smell and taste was reported in 51.8% and 42% respectively. The association between loss of sense of smell and taste was statistically significant (p < .001). All patients had some degree of recovery with 64.1% recovery of smell and 64.2% recovery of taste within 14 days of onset of symptoms. The mean recovery time for sense of smell and taste was 14.34 ± 9.82 days and 15.03 ± 10.06 days, respectively.

Conclusion Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are cardinal features of COVID-19. They recover spontaneously along with other symptoms within few weeks. The absence of smell or taste in times of pandemic can be suggestive of potential COVID-19 infection and be used as a screening tool for early diagnosis and reduce transmission of the infection.
Comparative Study between Operative versus Non-operative Treatment for Base of Fifth Metatarsal Fractures in Young Adults
Authors: KC K. M. , Marahatta S. B. , Niroula A. , KC A. , Pangeni R. B.
Published: November 2022

Background The treatment of displaced base of fifth metatarsal fracture remains controversial regarding the conservative and operative treatment.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of operative and non-operative treatment for base of fifth metatarsal fractures.

Method This was retrospective comparative study performed in Civil Service Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from December 2014 to November 2019. Patients were randomly divided into two groups by computer generated technique. Group1 included 17 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using tension band wiring, whereas group 2 included 17 patients who underwent non-operative treatment with boot cast.

Result The AOFAS and VAS-FA scores at 3 months in operative and non-operative groups were 89.34±2.14 versus 86.94±2.22 (p < 0.05) and 5.58±0.87 versus 3.58±0.93 (p < 0.05). Similarly, AOFAS and VAS-FA at 12 months after treatment were 90.94±2.43 versus 90.17±1.55 (p > 0.05) and 0.64±0.280.94±0.39 (p > 0.05) in operative and non-operative groups respectively. The average time to bear full weight and return to work were 6.82±1.13 versus 7.08±1.24 weeks (p > 0.05) and 8.76±1.20 versus 10.35±1.41 weeks ( p < 0.05) respectively. The mean of VAS score at 3months of treatment is 5.58±0.87 for non-operative group and 3.58±0.93 for operative group (p <0.05).

Conclusion Operative intervention has been preferred over the non-operative treatment in young adults or athletes with more than 3 mm displaced fifth metatarsal base fracture to achieve anatomical reduction of fracture, hasten the recovery and rehabilitation and to decrease the complications associated with non-operative treatment.
Patient Blood Management Stewardship Campaign Nepal
Authors: Amatya Ashish Govinda
Published: November 2022

Although the World Health Organization has endorsed Patient blood management (PBM) in 2010 many hospitals still seek guidance with the implementation of PBM in clinical routine. This article presents how a Himalayan country; Nepal collaborate to form a task force to develop recommendation implementing PBM in clinical practice for improved outcomes.
Twenty-five years of Cardiac Surgery in Nepal: Trials, Tribulations and Triumph
Authors: Rajbanshi Bijoy G , Pradhan Sidhartha , Koirala Bhagawan
Published: November 2022

Twenty-five years ago, embarked the start of the era of cardiovascular surgery using the heart lung machine in the country and as we celebrate this humble beginning, we sought to review the advent and the progress made in this field of science over the course of the years in the country; delve in to the challenges and opportunities that it may present in the future to uphold this great profession.
PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI YAYASAN AL KAHFI KANTOR PERWAKILAN CIBEUYING KIDUL
Authors: Solihin Rici , Kurniawan Gatot Iwan , Dagustani Dani
Published: November 2022

Education is the basic need of children in self development. However, the disparity in economic level between rich and poor families causes inequality in the quality of education that children received. Due to the limitations, poorÂ families encourage their children to get additional care outside the family. Al Kahfi Foundation Cibeunying Kidul Representative Office is one of the social service institutions specifically designed as an alternative to take care of child fromÂ the marginalized. However,Â the current learning systemÂ is too rigid, monotonous and one-way thusÂ cause theÂ learning process does not encourage children's creative and critical thinking skills. This phenomenon is an opportunity for universityÂ to transfer knowledge and additional learning methods focus on forming creative solution thinking patterns for youth or students. By upgrading students' creative and critical thinking,Â weÂ hope that various kinds of fresh ideas will be born as solutions to social problems through social entrepreneurship.Â
Choir as A Component of Ukrainian Musical Art Brand: Socio-Cultural Dimension
Authors: Antipina Inna
Published: November 2022

The article examines the problem of forming a choir brand, in which its role in the modern cultural and artistic space of Ukraine is determined. The author emphasizes that the brand of the choir is a socio-cultural phenomenon of modernity, it is not appropriate to give it the status of a commodification of national and world culture, since it acts as its popularizer and even a driver of development. The appropriateness of implementation of branding initiatives by the conductor and choir team is argued with the aim of increasing its level of recognition relative to competitors as well as to expand the geography of potential consumers of cultural and artistic services (audience). For them, the public demand for a cultural and artistic brand acts as a guarantor of a consistently high level of artist performance. At the same time, it is noted that the "branding" of a certain choir naturally increases the level as well as the demandingness of the listening audience, depriving them of the opportunity to make significant mistakes without image and reputational losses. The formation of cultural artistic brands of Ukraine is carried out in accordance with the original provisions of the Asian school of branding, since the priority is to appeal to the level of social recognition of target audience of a higher education institution or even a certain region, in inseparable unity with which the brand positions itself. The loyalty of the target audience to the brand is highlighted on the cognitive and emotional (affective) component with an emphasis on the priority of the latter over the former. Effective ways to increase the level of loyalty of the listening target audience to the choir brand are outlined, among which purposeful work on ensuring its recognition among other choirs due to successful positioning and a clear visual identity occupies a prominent place. The legality of the stated thesis is justified thanks to the analysis of the authentic features of the leading choral collectives of Ukraine, worthy of the status of "national cultural and artistic brand", - the National Merited Academic Chapel "Dumka" and the Grigory Veriovka National Merited Academic Ukrainian Choir of Ukraine. The main stages of strategic planning are clarified as a necessary condition for the successful implementation of branding initiatives by the chorus team. It was found that the brand of the choir performs not only an identification, but also an orientation-imitation function, creating conditions for self-identification of the representatives of the target audience (listeners) through "tangibility" to it.
qSOFA does not predict bacteremia in patients with severe manifestations of sepsis
Authors: Cheng Matthew P , Paquette Katryn , Lawandi Alexander , Stabler Sarah N , Akhter Murtaza , Davidson Adam C , Gavric Marko , Jinah Rehman , Saeed Zahid , Demir Koray , Sangsari Sassan , Huang Kelly , Mahpour Amirali , Shamatutu Chris , Caya Chelsea , Troquet Jean-Marc , Clark Greg , Rush Barret , Wong Titus , Stenstrom Robert , Sweet David , Yansouni Cedric P
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections in septic patients may be missed due to preceding antibiotic therapy prior to obtaining blood cultures. We leveraged the FABLED cohort study to determine if the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score could reliably identify patients at higher risk of bacteremia in patients who may have false negative blood cultures due to previously administered antibiotic therapy. METHODS: We conducted a multi-centre diagnostic study among adult patients with severe manifestations of sepsis. Patients were enrolled in one of seven participating centres between November 2013 and September 2018. All patients from the FABLED cohort had two sets of blood cultures drawn prior to the administration of antimicrobial therapy, as well as additional blood cultures within 4 hours of treatment initiation. Participants were categorized according to qSOFA score, with a score ≥2 being considered positive. RESULTS: Among 325 patients with severe manifestations of sepsis, a positive qSOFA score (defined as a score ≥2) on admission was 58% sensitive (95% CI 48% to 67%) and 41% specific (95% CI 34% to 48%) for predicting bacteremia. Among patients with negative post-antimicrobial blood cultures, a positive qSOFA score was 57% sensitive (95% CI 42% to 70%) and 42% specific (95% CI 35% to 49%) to detect patients who were originally bacteremic prior to the initiation of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the qSOFA score cannot be used to identify patients at risk for occult bacteremia due to the administration of antibiotics pre-blood culture.
THE FRENCH LANGUAGE AND CULTURE FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF RUSSIANS DURING THE CRIMEAN WAR OF 1853–1856 (LINGUOIMAGOLOGICAL ASPECT)
Authors: Moroz Andriy A.
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the view of the Russian soldiers, officers, and journalists on their opponents – the French during the Russian-Turkish war of 1853–1856 from the position of linguoimagology. For the study, memoirs of participants of the Crimean War, journal notes, and letters were selected. The assessment given to the enemy by the Russians is of a particular interest. Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that there was no universal image of the French as an enemy in the Russian society in the mid-19th century, which was facilitated by the presence of common cultural values among both the Russians and the French. An important factor was the French language, which was close or native to Russian aristocrats from their childhood. For the assessment’s verbalization, the following means were used: exclamation marks and ellipses, meliorative epithets and attributes, vernaculars, vulgarisms, jargon, metaphors, non-equivalent vocabulary and figurative expressions. Barbarisms were used to ridicule the admiration of the Russian nobles for the French language. Such a detail as the desire of the French to give their names to the terrain of a foreign state is noted, too. The authors also use precedent statements to show that the opponents were quite familiar with each other.
APPLICATION OF SMART TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: INNOVATION, FLEXIBILITY, CREATIVITY
Authors: Karamanov Oleksiy , Voytovich Tetyana
Published: November 2022

The article considers various aspects of the application of smart technologies and smart education (smart learning) in the modern educational space. The authors emphasize that smart education is a reflection of a new type of education system aimed at the process of acquiring skills and competencies for flexible and adapted interaction of pupils and student youth with the social, economic and technological environment.

The idea of smart education is based on the provision of various educational services, the creation of individual educational trajectories, the use of global open educational resources and creates real opportunities to use the advantages of the global information society to ensure educational needs and interests.The basic principles of smart education and the role of modern smart technologies in the domestic educational space are defined, their innovative and creative character is emphasized.The article points out the importance and necessity of taking into account three important elements of smart education in education, which determine the disclosure of its potential - innovation, flexibility and creativity.
UNKNOWN MANUSCRIPTS OF SOFIA RUSOVA
Authors: Narovlyansky Oleksandr
Published: November 2022

The article highlights the newly discovered in the Central Archives of the highest authorities of Ukraine handwritten materials, the author of which is a prominent figure of the Ukrainian national liberation movement, one of the founders of the Ukrainian national education Sofia Rusova. The materials were found in the collection of the Ministry of Education of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian Hetmanate.The revealed works are devoted to the introduction of excursions in the educational process, in particular in the study of geography ("Winter Excursions in Primary School") and in extracurricular work (draft plan of the advisor on the organization of excursions). The participation of Sofia Rusova in the development of the curriculum of the Ukrainian school in geography, her activity on the creation of the excursion department of the Department of extracurricular education and preschool education of the Ministry of Education in 1917-1919 is highlighted. The main ideas of S. Rusova on the introduction of winter excursions in primary school, their educational potential, objects for display. The ideas of S. Rusova, set out in the draft content of the guide for excursion organizers. It is determined that Sofia Rusova stood at the origins of educational tourism in the Ukrainian school and was one of the founders of the tourist and local history direction of out-of-school education in Ukraine.
The Effects of High Fat Diet on Kidney and Lung Histopathology in Experimental Rats
Authors: Al-Mayyahi Rawaa S. , Manal Nasser Al-Hayder  , Rawaa M.O. Hraishawi
Published: November 2022

High fat diet and obesity have been considered as a main risk factor for various diseases such heart disease, chronic kidney disease and respiratory diseases. However, the precise effect of high fat diet on lung and kidney histopathology is limited. The present study examined the effects of high fat diet on rat histopathology. Female albino Wistar rats of four-week-old were fed either a basic diet or a high-fat diet (20% of fat). After one month of feeding, the histopathological analysis of kidney and lung was investigated. The kidney tissue of rats fed with high-fat diet presented several alterations including variable size of glomeruli, bleeding and congested blood vessels and deformations of several tubular structures compared with those that fed a basic diet. While the lung parenchyma of rats fed with high fat diet showed collapsed alveoli separated by thick inter-alveolar septa, infiltration of inflammatory cells and congested blood vessels were also observed. In conclusion, the high fat diet is responsible for detectable changes in kidney and lung in female rat and this type of diet may lead to renal and respiratory deformities as a result of its histopathological effects.
Clinical and Neuropsychology in Pakistan: Challenges and Wayforward
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad , Zareen Gull , Khalid Ansab , Faisal Mumtaz Chahal  , Tahir Maqbool  , Fahim Hadi
Published: November 2022

Background: In the era of globalization and industrialization, socioeconomic challenges are increasing day by day. In developing countries including Pakistan, such challenges are of high magnitude which is not only responsible for the financial crisis but also linked with psychosocial and mental health issues. In Pakistan, the area of clinical including neuropsychology is being neglected which has resulted in lethal consequences on psychosocial and mental health. Purpose: The current study was aimed to explore challenges associated with clinical and neuropsychology practice in Pakistan and propose a strategic vision to enhance the scope of clinical psychology in Pakistan. Methods: For this, an in-depth literature review was conducted to explore the challenges and issues linked with the clinical psychology practice. The literature was searched using Google scholar, Pubmed, and Sciences Direct. Result and Conclusion: The article reviewed the past, current situation with futuristic aspects of clinical psychology practice in Pakistan concerning history, higher education content, legislation, training, and credential required for practice. The paper also reflects the status of psychology in Pakistan in comparison to other countries of the world. The stigma that is related to seeking help from clinical psychologists, awareness-related campaigns, and policies for the betterment of society is discussed. Future strategies for the developments and the areas that need to amend have also been recommended in the light of arguments and analysis presented in the paper.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential of N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) Acetamide
Authors: Arif Anum , Majeed Saba , Shabana Usman Simjee  , Mariam Sarfaraz  , Sadia Suri Kashif  , Muneeza Lodhi  , Najeeb Khatian  , Aisha Aziz  , Majeed Hiba Kanawal
Published: November 2022

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has long been used to treat various pathological conditions like arthritis, gout, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Although exploring the effective anti-inflammatory agents possessing antioxidant along with pain relieving properties is still challenging. Acetamide-containing compounds are known to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, xanthine oxidase, and analgesic activity of an acetamide derivative, N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) Acetamide. In-vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were assessed by protein denaturation inhibition and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. Xanthine oxidase potential was also evaluated. In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined by the Formalin-induced paw edema method and analgesic potential was evaluated by an acetic acid-induced writhing test. Results of in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity showed significant (p< 0.001) inhibition of protein denaturation by N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) Acetamide at both100 and 300 µg/ml. It also exhibited high radical scavenging activity (88.16%) by DPPH at 300 µg/ml. In-vivo Formalin-induced paw edema method revealed significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of paw edema when compared with control and formalin groups. Likewise, NA-2 also significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the number of writhes in the Acetic acid-induced writhing test. Moreover, in both aforementioned in-vivo tests, NA-2 showed comparable results with Indomethacin (10 mg/kg). This study demonstrates that N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) Acetamide possesses substantial anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic activity.
Frequency of urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients with common bacteria and its sensitivity
Authors: Hazrat ullah  , Nasir Khan  , Asif Malik  , Ata Ur Raman
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of urinary tract infection and its common pathogens with antibiotic sensitivity among renal transplant recipients.

Materials and methods:

This Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at Institute of Kidney Diseases (IKD) Hayatabad, Peshawar from January 2008 to December 2012. The cross section included 74 live related renal transplant recipients. Each renal transplant recipient was followed up for 3mpnths for developing urinary tract infection.

Results:

A total of 74 patients were followed after renal transplant. Among them 12 (16.22%) were females and 62 (83.78%) were males respectively. They were all live related renal transplant. UTI developed in 27/74 (36.48%) patients at first 3 months after transplantation (60 ± 15 days).  Female patients were more susceptible to UTI than male patients (5 female 41.66%; 22 male 35.48%). On univariate analysis, older age (p?=?0.015), female gender (p?<?0.001), hyperglycaemia (p?=?0.037) and acute rejection episodes (p?=?0.046) were all risk factors for developing urinary tract infection. Isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (59.25%), Candida albicans (18.51%), Klebsiella (11.11%), Enterococcus spp. (7.40%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3.70%. Antibiotic resistance was 26% for ciprofloxacin and 33% for ampicillin.

Conclusion: Urinary tract infection is a major problem in renal transplant recipients. The female gender, increasing age and uncontrolled hyperglycemia are the risk factors for UTI in renal transplant recipients. There is high resistance to ampicillin and quinolones in renal transplant recipients.
Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis of the Essential Oil of Amygdalus Spinosissima Seeds Grown in Balochistan
Authors: Zohra Kaneez  , Muhammad Masood Tariq Kiani  , Tahir Hameed  , Muhammad Aleem Akhtar  , Nazeer Ahmed  , Amna Bano  , Umair Ahmed  , Muhammad Kamal Tayyab
Published: November 2022

Background: Amygdalus Spinosissima also known as Prunus Spinosissima belongs to the genus Prunus, its subgenus is Amygdalus. A. Spinosissima is a wild thorny almond found in approximately 600 to 1500 meters above sea level. Due to its medicinal value, it is used as traditional medicine all over the world. Methods: The objective of present work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of essential oil of A. Spinosissima and other molecules present in the seed oil of this rare species A. Spinosissima through GC-MS. A. Spinosissima oil showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 09.0± 0.1 ?g/ml while IC50 value for ascorbic acid was 15.0± 0.5 ?g/ml. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of the oil of A. Spinosissima is lower than that of ascorbic acid. Result: A. Spinosissima oil showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 09.0± 0.1 ?g/ml while IC50 value for ascorbic acid was 15.0± 0.5 ?g/ml. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of the oil of A. Spinosissima is lower than that of ascorbic acid. A total of 17 compounds were identified in the essential oil from the seeds of  A. Spinosissima where there were 3-hexanol (RT2.931), 2-pentanol,4-methyl( RT 2.996), Hydroperoxide,1-ethylbutyl(RT5.812),  Hydroperoxide, 1-methylpentyl (RT6.045),  Benzaldehyde(RT6.134), Phenol (RT 6.645), Benzyl alcohol (RT8.021), 3-Ethyl-3-methylheptane (RT8.695), Benzene, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- (RT14.183), 2-Decenal, (E)- (RT14.373), 2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)- (RT15.847), Oleic Acid(RT32.912), Hexadecanamide (RT33.739), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-,2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (RT37.662), 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)- (RT38.397), Diisooctyl- phthalate(RT42.179) and Gamma-tocopherol (RT38.397). Conclusion: The GC-MS and antioxidant activity of the A. Spinosissima seed essential oil is comparable with some other essential oils. Based on result, the seed oil may not be considered as potential sources of vegetable oil. Therefore, cannot be used as potential source in soap making industry but could be used in cosmetic industries due to vitamin E existence and antioxidant activity.
Images of "Hero" and "Enemy" in Posters of War
Authors: Budnyk Andriy , Gamaliia Kateryna
Published: November 2022

Research aims. To analyze artistic techniques (metaphors, hyperbole, associations, etc.), used to reveal opposite themes – heroes and enemies. To establish the connection between these tasks and the tasks formulated in the curricula of the discipline "Design Projecting". Research methods. Сomparative and art analysis. Scientific novelty. Introduction into scientific sphere some previously unexplored visual data, invented by creative individuals in a critical situation, namely – the samples of poster activities by students and teachers of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts and Kyiv University of Culture during the period of active military operations. The research was made on the base of the corpus of works, made in the group Creative resistance of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts and Kyiv University of Culture. Conclusions. Modern times have defined new heroes and antiheroes, as well as certain rules of their visual interpretation. Heroic images are presented through the sacralization, monumentality of the image, revealing the features of their national identity and relationship with the "pillars of the nation", national ideals. Emphasis is placed on rootedness in historical tradition, such as the troops of Kievan Rus or the Ukrainian Cossacks, the rebel movement, and so on. Interpretation of antiheroes ranges from demonization or dehumanization to caricature, equating to certain animals, shown as comic characters. Personification of enemy forces in the image of the President of the Russian Federation continues to extend hierarchically to the occupying army, court propagandists, and later to all of Russia as a state and the Russian population itself, as the majority supported the so-called "special operation." The stylistics of poster works, borrowing some elements from the pair "anti-hero vs hero" in the Soviet poster, finds and uses modern techniques and means of graphic solutions, involving an arsenal of the latest technical means that allow the use of modern computer technology.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО СТРЕСУ ФАХІВЦІВ СОЦІОНОМІЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ
Authors: КОМАР Таїсія , ВАРГАТА Оксана
Published: November 2022

У статті розкрито сутність професійного стресу фахівців соціономічного профілю.  Досліджено психологічні особливості стресу, від яких залежить ефективність професійної діяльності фахівців соціономічного профілю. Уточнено сутність понять: стрес, стресори, професійний стрес, професійний стрес фахівців соціономічного профілю, інформаційний стрес, емоційний стрес, комунікативний стрес, еустрес, дистрес, гострий стрес, хронічний стрес, стресостійкість.

Дослідження  психології професійного стресу, шляхів і засобів його корекції та профілактики має важливе значення для фахівців соціономічного профілю у цілому ряді життєвих і професійних подій. Проблема професійного стресу фахівців соціономічного профілю пов’язана із тим, що виконувана робота далеко не завжди відповідає необхідному рівню їх психологічної готовності витримувати інтелектуальні навантаження. У процесі професійної діяльності фахівці соціономічного профілю систематично піддаються психоемоційним впливам, пов’язаним із надмірними вимогами, високим рівнем контролю ситуацій, обмеженістю ресурсів щодо можливості їх зміни й удосконалення. Фахівцям  соціономічного профілю  дуже важливо навчитися не тільки виконувати професійні завдання, але й навчитися регулювати свій психоемоційний стан. Саме тому, психологія професійного стресу у сфері людина-людина, потребує більш детального вивчення.

Висвітлено результати емпіричного дослідження стресостійкості та оцінка адаптивних ресурсів фахівців соціономічного профілю до стресу. За результати дослідження визначено, що у переважної більшості фахівців соціономічного профілю середній рівень стресостійкості.  Перспективою подальшого дослідження вбачаємо у розробці та впроваджені психокорекційної програми, яка сприятиме розвитку стійкості до стресових ситуацій та збереженню психічного здоров’я фахівців соціономічного профілю.
Activity Ratio and Profitability Ratio Analysis to Know Causes of Decreasing Profit
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Devi Dewa Ayu Mirah Sri , Sudiartha I Ketut ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Karma I Gede Made ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: November 2022

The Village Credit Institution (LPD) of DesaPakramanSuwat has productive assets in the form of loans provided to the community. The loan disbursed fluctuated from 2019-2021. Based on the report on activities and credit developments at the PakramanSuwat Village LPD, the loans granted in 2019-2021 are fully eligible for current collectibility. However, this is not in line with the development of LPD profits which have decreased in 2020 and 2021.This study aims to analyze the causes of the decline in LPD profits in terms of credit turnover, BOPO, net profit margin, return on equity, and return on assets. The type of research used in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The analysis techniques in this research are activity ratio analysis, profitability ratio analysis, and trend analysis.The results of this study indicate that the level of LPD activity in PakramanSuwat Village has decreased which can be seen based on the credit turnover which has decreased from 2019-2021. The decrease in credit turnover was caused by a small amount of collectible loans so that loan interest income decreased so that it affected the decline in LPD profitability. The level of profitability of the LPD PakramanSuwat Village also experienced a decrease which can be seen from the BOPO ratio and the decline in the ratio of NPM, ROE, and ROA. This decrease in profitability was due to operating expenses, decreased operating income, decreased other operating income, the company's capital being not managed optimally, and the company's assets being not managed optimally.
Analysis of the Effect of Remote Audit, Professional Scepticism and Going Concern Assessment on Audit Quality During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Maharaja D Angeliney She , Yasa Ida Bagus Anom ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Subiyanto Paulus ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: November 2022

Audit quality plays an important role in ensuring the fairness of financial statements to improve decision- making by interested parties. However, there were several cases of suspension of public accountants' licenses in recent years reflecting the low audit quality. The existence of the Covid-19 Pandemic which causes business economic instability conditions and changes in the auditor work mechanism make audit quality increasingly need to be considered. Remote audit during the pandemic cause limited scope for inspection, availability of technological tools, and weak document validity. Fraud increasing is also note for auditors to sharpen their professional skepticism. Another thing in supporting audit quality during the pandemic is the accuracy of going concern assessment which can provide an overview of the company's sustainability. This study aims to analyze and explain the effect of remote audit, professional skepticism, and going concern assessment on audit quality during the Covid-19 Pandemic at Public Accountant Firms in Bali Province. The population in this study are 115 auditors in 17 Public Accountant Firms registered in IAPI Bali with a total of 69 respondents based on convenience sampling method. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires and analyzed with Partial Least Square (PLS) through SmartPLS 3.0 application with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that remote audit, professional scepticism, and going concern assessment have a positive and significant impact on audit quality during the Covid-19 Pandemic at Public Accountant Firms in Bali Province.