bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles decorated on polyindole functionalized-MCNTs and used as anode material for enzymatic biofuel cell applications
Authors: Inamuddin  , Shakeel Nimra , Imran Ahamed Mohd , Kanchi Suvardhan , Abbas Kashmery Heba
Published: March 2020

Presently, one of the most important aspects for the development of enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) is to synthesize the novel electrode materials that possess high current density, low open-circuit voltage (OCV) and long-term stability. To achieve the above attributes, lots of new strategies are being used by the researchers for the development of advanced materials. Nowadays, nanomaterials and nanocomposites are the promising material that has been utilized as effective electrode material in solar cells, supercapacitors and biofuel cells application. Herein, we account for a novel electrocatalyst as electrode material that comprised ZnO nanoparticles decorated on the surface of polyindole (PIn)-multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), for the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme and mediator (Ferritin). The PIn-MWCNT scaffold is prepared via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of indole on the surface of MWCNT and assessed by myriad techniques. The micrograph of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) designated the interconnected morphology of MWCNTs in the polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirm the crystallinity and different functional groups available in the synthesized material, respectively. The electrochemical assessment demonstrates that the ZnO/PIn-MWCNT/Frt/GOx nanobiocatalyst exhibits much higher electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose with a maximum current density of 4.9 mA cm−2 by consuming 50 mM glucose concentration in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) as the testing solution by applying 100 mVs−1 scan rates. The outcomes reflect that the as-prepared ZnO/PIn-MWCNTs/Frt/GOx biocomposite is a promising bioanode for the development of EBFCs.
A photoperiodic time measurement served by the biphasic expression of Cryptochrome1ab in the zebrafish eye
Authors: Okano Keiko , Saratani Yuya , Tamasawa Ayumi , Shoji Yosuke , Toda Riko , Okano Toshiyuki
Published: March 2020

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a model species that is used to study the circadian clock. It possesses light-entrainable circadian clocks in both central and peripheral tissues, and its core circadian factor cryptochromes (CRYs) have diverged significantly during evolution. In order to elucidate the functional diversity and involvement of CRYs in photoperiodic mechanisms, we investigated the daily expression profiles of six Cry transcripts in central (brain and eye) and peripheral (fin, skin and muscle) tissues. The zCry genes exhibited gene-specific diurnal conserved variations, and were divided into morning and evening groups. Notably, zCry1ab exhibited biphasic expression profiles in the eye, with peaks in the morning and evening. Comparing ocular zCry1ab expression in different photoperiods (18L:6D, 14L:10D, 10L:14D and 6L:18D) revealed that zCry1ab expression duration changed depending on the photoperiod: it increased at midnight and peaked before lights off. zCry1ab expression in constant light or dark after entrainment under long- or short-day conditions suggested that the evening clock and photic input pathway are involved in photoperiod-dependent zCry1ab expression. Laser microdissection followed by qRT-PCR analysis showed that the evening peak of zCry1ab was likely ascribed to visual photoreceptors. These results suggest the presence of an eye-specific photoperiodic time measurement served by zCry1ab.
Shrub and vegetation cover predict resource selection use by an endangered species of desert lizard
Authors: Lortie Christopher J. , Braun Jenna , Westphal Michael , Noble Taylor , Zuliani Mario , Nix Emmeleia , Ghazian Nargol , Owen Malory , Scott Butterfield H.
Published: March 2020

Globally, no species is exempt from the constraints associated with limited available habitat or resources, and endangered species in particular warrant critical examination. In most cases, these species are restricted to limited locations, and the relative likelihood of resource use within the space they can access is important. Using Gambelia sila, one of the first vertebrate species listed as endangered, we used resource selection function analysis of telemetry and remotely sensed data to identity key drivers of selected versus available locations for this species in Carrizo Plain National Monument, USA. We examined the probability of selection given different resource types. Increasing shrub cover, lower and relatively more flat sites, increasing normalized difference vegetation index, and solar radiation all significantly predicted likelihood of observed selection within the area sampled. Imagery data were also validated with fine-scale field data showing that large-scale contrasts of selection relative to available location patterns for animal species are a useful lens for potential habitat. Key environmental infrastructure such as foundation plant species including shrubs or local differences in the physical attributes were relevant to this endangered species.
Influence of Gait Cycle Loads on Stress Distribution at The Residual Limb/Socket Interface of Transfemoral Amputees: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Henao Sofía C. , Orozco Camila , Ramírez Juan
Published: March 2020

A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed to evaluate the interaction between residual limb and socket when considering the dynamic loads of the gait cycle. Fourteen transfemoral amputees participated in this study, where their residual limbs (i.e., soft tissues and bone), and their sockets were reconstructed. The socket and the femur were defined as elastic materials, while the bulk soft tissues were defined as a hyperelastic material. Each model included the donning, standing, and gait cycle phase, with load and boundary conditions applied accordingly. The influence of adding the dynamic loads related to the gait cycle were compared against the modelling of the static load equivalent to the standing position resulting in changes of 23% ± 19% in the maximum values and in an increase in the size of the regions where they were located. Additionally, the possible correspondence between comfort and the location of peak loadbearing at the residual-limb/socket interface was explored. Consequently, the comfort perceived by the patient could be estimated based on the locations of the maximum stresses (i.e., if they coincide with the pressure tolerant or sensitive regions of the residual limb).
Effects of palmatine on BDNF/TrkB-mediated trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Liu Lijuan , He Lingkun , Yin Cancan , Huang Ruoyu , Shen Wenhao , Ge Huixiang , Sun Mengyun , Li Shujuan , Gao Yun , Xiong Wei
Published: March 2020

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a sudden, needle-like pain in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve, can seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients. In chronic pain conditions including TN, increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may enhance pain transmission. This study compares the effect of palmatine administration on the expression of BDNF and its receptor TrkB (tropomyosin receptor kinase B) in trigeminal ganglion cells of Sprague-Dawley rats in a sham versus TN model group. Within 14 days of surgery, the mechanical allodynia threshold of the TN group was significantly lower than that of the sham group, while the TN + palmatine group had a higher mechanical pain sensitivity threshold than the TN group (p < 0.05). Real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence showed that BDNF and TrkB expression in the TN group was higher than that in the sham group, while palmatine treatment could reverse these changes. Western blotting showed that palmatine treatment could reduce the elevated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in TN rats. Thus, the BDNF/TrkB pathway may be involved in the pain transmission process of TN, and palmatine treatment may reduce pain transmission by inhibiting the BDNF/TrkB pathway and suppressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
Author Correction: Cerebral glucose metabolism and Cerebral blood flow in thyroid dysfunction: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-analysis
Authors: Pak Kyoungjune , Kim Mijin , Kim Keunyoung , Kim Bo Hyun , Kim Seong-Jang , Kim In Joo
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Neutral modes of surface temperature and the optimal ocean thermal forcing for global cooling
Authors: Lu Jian , Liu Fukai , Leung L. Ruby , Lei Huan
Published: March 2020

Inquiry into the climate response to external forcing perturbations has been the central interest of climate dynamics. But the understanding of two important aspects of climate change response—nonlinearity and regionality—is still lacking. Here a Green’s function approach is developed to estimate the linear response functions (LRFs) for both the linear and quadratic nonlinear response to ocean thermal forcing in a climate model, whereby the most excitable temperature modes, aka the neutral modes, can be identified for the current Earth climate. The resultant leading mode of the nonlinear response is characterized by a polar-amplified global cooling pattern, unveiling an intrinsic inclination of the modern climate towards cooling. Moreover, optimal forcing patterns are identified to most efficiently excite the corresponding neutral mode patterns. The forcing-response framework developed herein can be utilized to determine the optimal forcing patterns to inform solar geoengineering experiments and to interpret regional climate response and feedback in general.
Why does the Aβ peptide of Alzheimer share structural similarity with antimicrobial peptides?
Authors: Pastore Annalisa , Raimondi Francesco , Rajendran Lawrence , Temussi Piero Andrea
Published: March 2020

The Aβ peptides causally associated with Alzheimer disease have been seen as seemingly purposeless species produced by intramembrane cleavage under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, it has been increasingly suggested that they could instead constitute an ancient, highly conserved effector component of our innate immune system, dedicated to protecting the brain against microbial attacks. In this antimicrobial protection hypothesis, Aβ aggregation would switch from an abnormal stochastic event to a dysregulated innate immune response. In this perspective, we approach the problem from a different and complementary perspective by comparing the structure and sequence of Aβ(1-42) with those of bona fide antimicrobial peptides. We demonstrate that Aβ(1-42) bears convincing structural similarities with both viral fusion domains and antimicrobial peptides, as well as sequence similarities with a specific family of bacterial bacteriocins. We suggest a model of the mechanism by which Aβ peptides could elicit the immune response against microbes.
Color polymorphism in organic crystals
Authors: Nogueira Bernardo A. , Castiglioni Chiara , Fausto Rui
Published: March 2020

Color polymorphism is an interesting property of chemical systems which present crystal polymorphs of different colors. It is a rare phenomenon, with only a few examples reported in the literature hitherto. Nevertheless, systems exhibiting color polymorphism have many potential applications in different domains, such as pigment, sensor, and technology industries. Here, known representative chemical systems showing color polymorphism are reviewed, and the reasons for them to present such property discussed. Also, since some of the concepts related to color polymorphism have been frequently used imprecisely in the scientific literature, this article provides concise, systematic definitions for these concepts.
Formation of thioglucoside single crystals by coherent molecular vibrational excitation using a 10-fs laser pulse
Authors: Iwakura Izumi , Komori-Orisaku Keiko , Hashimoto Sena , Akai Shoji , Kimura Kenta , Yabushita Atsushi
Published: March 2020

Compound crystallization is typically achieved from supersaturated solutions over time, through melting, or via sublimation. Here a new method to generate a single crystal of thioglucoside using a sub-10-fs pulse laser is presented. By focusing the laser pulse on a solution in a glass cell, a single crystal is deposited at the edge of the ceiling of the glass cell. This finding contrasts other non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation studies, which report that the nucleation sites are in the solution or at the air-solution interface, implying the present crystallization mechanism is different. Irradiation with the sub-10-fs laser pulse does not heat the solution but excites coherent molecular vibrations that evaporate the solution. Then, the evaporated solution is thought to be deposited on the glass wall. This method can form crystals even from unsaturated solutions, and the formed crystal does not include any solvent, allowing the formation of a pure crystal suitable for structural analysis, even from a minute amount of sample solution.
Applications of nanozymes in the environment
Authors: Meng Yutong , Li Wenfeng , Pan Xiangliang , Gadd Geoffrey Michael
Published: March 2020

Nanozymes have great potential in detection of heavy metals, organic pollutants and treatment of pathogenic bacteria and waste water and air.
Investigation of metaldehyde removal by powdered activated carbon from different water samples
Authors: Li Zhuojun , Li Juntao , Guo Zhengxiao , Campos Luiza C.
Published: March 2020

Applying PAC to the water sample collected after static flocculation (position 2) gave the best result regarding the removal of metaldehyde.
ZnAl2O4 decorated Al-doped ZnO tetrapodal 3D networks: microstructure, Raman and detailed temperature dependent photoluminescence analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Joana , Hoppe Matthias , Ben Sedrine Nabiha , Wolff Niklas , Duppel Viola , Kienle Lorenz , Adelung Rainer , Mishra Yogendra K. , Correia Maria R. , Monteiro Teresa
Published: March 2020

3D network of ZnO:Al tetrapods decorated with ZnAl2O4 particles were synthesised by FTS. Al-doping was confirmed by the broadening and shift of the peak position of the 14 K NBE emission and by the bandgap shift to higher energy due to a Burstein–Moss effect.
Synthesis, structure and characterization of three new Mg-containing phosphates with deep-UV cut-off edges
Authors: Qian Zhen , Wu Hongping , Yu Hongwei , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng
Published: March 2020

Three new Mg-containing phosphates, AMg2P3O10 (A = Li, Cs) and Rb2MgP2O7, have been successfully synthesized using a high-temperature solution method.
The key role of protodeauration in the gold-catalyzed reaction of 1,3-diynes with pyrrole and indole to form complex heterocycles
Authors: Stylianakis Ioannis , Nieto Faza Olalla , López Carlos Silva , Kolocouris Antonios
Published: March 2020

The mechanism of indole and carbazole formation via a formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition strategy is dominated by the protodeauration step.
Catalytic conversion of methyl oleate to hydrocarbons: impact of cobalt oxide species integration in SiO2–Al2O3
Authors: Krishnapriya R. , Gupta Unnati , Soni Vineet K. , Sharma Rakesh K.
Published: March 2020

A unique, high surface area Co3O4/SiO2–Al2O3 catalytic system has been developed for the selective deoxygenation of biomass to high quality diesel-grade hydrocarbons.
Flange union at nanoscale: fabrication and formation mechanism
Authors: Zhong Shengliang , Zou Honghong , Ji Yanhua , Zeng Chenghui , Wang Lei , Chen Yanhong , Xu Hualan
Published: March 2020

Coordination polymer superstructures connected by a flange union with a good geometry were fabricated. Assembly, disassembly and reassembly process happened during the formation.
Intercalation, decomposition, entrapment – a new route to graphene nanobubbles
Authors: Zahra Khadisha M. , Byrne Conor , Alieva Adriana , Casiraghi Cinzia , Walton Alex S.
Published: March 2020

Formation of graphene nanobubbles via the intercalation of small molecules, their surface-mediated decomposition and the formation of larger molecules.
The role of leached Zr in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate by derivatives of UiO-66 metal organic frameworks
Authors: Bhattacharya Moumita , Chandler Kevin J. , Geary Jackson , Saouma Caroline T.
Published: March 2020

Photoreduction of CO2 to formate by UiO-66 Zr MOF derivatives is explained by Zr leaching.
Light-triggered dual-modality drug release of self-assembled prodrug-nanoparticles for synergistic photodynamic and hypoxia-activated therapy
Authors: Zhao Dongyang , Tao Wenhui , Li Songhao , Li Lingxiao , Sun Yixin , Li Guanting , Wang Gang , Wang Yang , Lin Bin , Luo Cong , Wang Yongjun , Cheng Maosheng , He Zhonggui , Sun Jin
Published: March 2020

Prodrug-nanoparticles turn the disadvantage of the aggregation-caused quenching effect into an advantage to promote dual-modality PR104A release. Besides, photodynamic therapy-induced hypoxia activates PR104A for high-efficiency synergistic therapy.
A new synthesis methodology for SiO2gel-based nanostructures and their application for elimination of dye pollutants
Authors: Farjood Mehrdad , Zanjanchi M. A.
Published: March 2020

A new procedure for preparation of a high specific surface area silica-based nanostructure and its copper-containing active photocatalyst is described.
Non-steady scaling model for the kinetics of the photo-induced free radical polymerization of crosslinking networks
Authors: Roose Patrice , Vermoesen Evelien , Van Vlierberghe Sandra
Published: March 2020

A unified model expressed in closed-form is elaborated for the kinetics of free-radical polymerization and successfully compared to experimental data.
Ligand substitution induced single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations in two Ni(ii) coordination compounds displaying consequential changes in proton conductivity
Authors: Li Rong-Yun , Liu Hou-Ting , Zhou Chuan-Cong , Chu Zhi-Tong , Lu Jing , Wang Su-Na , Jin Juan , Yan Wen-Fu
Published: March 2020

Two Ni(ii) coordination compounds can reversibly SC–SC transform into each other induced by ligand substitution, causing changes in their proton conductivities.
Advances in carbon dots: from the perspective of traditional quantum dots
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Huang Hui , Cao Weijing , Mao Baodong , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: March 2020

A brief review of CDots from the perspective of traditional QDs clarifies the basic concepts, unique characteristics and challenges.
Oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation reaction of enals with benzofuran-3-ones: efficient access to benzofuran-fused δ-lactones
Authors: Wang Zhan-Yong , Yang Ting , Wang Kai-Kai , Chen Rongxiang , Liu Menghan , Liu Hongxin
Published: March 2020

A facile route to benzofuran-fused δ-lactones was developed via an N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation reaction, giving the expected products in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee).
The binding of key fishy off-flavor compounds to silver carp proteins: a thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Gu Saiqi , Dai Wangli , Chong Yunqing , Lyu Fei , Zhou Xuxia , Ding Yuting
Published: March 2020

Myosin was shown to be the primary binding receptor of the four KFOCs and showed the strongest binding under neutral pH and high ionic strength. Its affinity for 1-octen-3-ol was the highest.
Synthesis of ultrahigh-surface-area nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials from carboxymethyl cellulose based protic polyanion ionic liquids for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Li Zaiquan , Xu Qinqin , Zhang Lin , Wang Xia , He Feng , Cheng Jian , Xie Haibo
Published: March 2020

Carboxymethyl cellulose was used as a sustainable polycarboxylic acid to prepare polyprotic ionic liquids, which were successfully used as precursors for the synthesis of ultrahigh-surface-area N-doped porous carbon materials with excellent supercapacitor performance.
Targeted synthesis and reaction mechanism discussion of Mo2C based insertion-type electrodes for advanced pseudocapacitors
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Ji Xu , Yang Lufeng , Jia Jin , Cheng Shuang , Chen Hailong , Wu Zhong-Shuai , Passarello Donata , Liu Meilin
Published: March 2020

Zigzag 1D tunnel structure and high electronic conductivity power high performance of Mo2C based pseudocapacitive electrode.
Thermally stable perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 21% via a bifunctional additive
Authors: Shi Xiaoqiang , Wu Yahan , Chen Jieqiong , Cai Molang , Yang Yi , Liu Xuepeng , Tao Ye , Guli Mina , Ding Yong , Dai Songyuan
Published: March 2020

Biuret was introduced to regulate the crystallization process and passivate the defects of perovskite films, leading to MAPbI3 solar cells with efficiency over 21% and enhanced thermal stability.
Quantifying flexibility of industrial steam systems for ancillary services: a case study of an integrated pulp and paper mill
Authors: Xu Xiandong , Abeysekera Muditha , Gutschi Christoph , Qadrdan Meysam , Rittmannsberger Karl , Markus Wenzl , Wu Jianzhong , Jenkins Nick
Published: March 2020

Due to the increasing use of intermittent renewable generation, the power grid requires more flexible resources to balance supply and demand of electricity. Steam systems with turbine‐generators, which are widely used in industries, can be operated flexibly to support the power grid. Yet, the available amount of flexibility of industrial steam systems is still not clearly quantified. This study presents the method to quantify electricity generation flexibility of a typical industrial steam system with a steam turbine‐generator and process heat demands. The proposed method is introduced based on a real case of an integrated pulp and paper mill in Austria. An integrated mathematical model representing the combined electricity and steam system is developed to simulate the behaviour of the on‐site energy system to quantify the potential flexibility provision. Flexibility is represented as the maximum upward and downward changes in the imported electricity from the public power grid. The results demonstrate that it is possible to aggregate the flexibility of the industrial facility as a lookup table. Also, the results reflect key factors that limit the flexibility at different operating points of the turbine‐generator.
Probabilistic locational marginal price computation in radial distribution system based on active power loss reduction
Authors: Veeramsetty Venkataramana , Chintham Venkaiah , Vinod Kumar Dulla Mallesham
Published: March 2020

This study presents a probabilistic approach to calculate locational marginal price (LMP) at distributed generation (DG) buses in an electric power distribution system to ensure that the network operates at reduced active power losses (APLs). The proportional nucleolus theory‐based iterative method is proposed as a deterministic approach to compute LMP based on APLs. Uncertainties in load and market price were captured by using a scheme of the point estimation method. To compute the contribution of the reactive and active power of the DG on the APL of the network, loss sensitivity factors have been developed. The proposed method provides an active power price in terms of LMP and reactive power price to each DG as per its contribution to loss reduction. To verify the performance of the proposed method, it was implemented on the Taiwan Power Company distribution system. The proposed method can be utilised by a distribution company to operate the network at reduced APL and improve the benefit of DG owners.
Measurement‐based wide‐area damping of inter‐area oscillations based on MIMO identification
Authors: Thakallapelli Abilash , Kamalasadan Sukumar
Published: March 2020

Interconnected power grid exhibits oscillatory response after a disturbance in the system. One such type of oscillation, the inter‐area oscillation has the oscillation frequency in the range of 0.1–1 Hz. The damping of inter‐area oscillations is difficult with local controllers, but it can be achieved using a wide area damping controller (WADC). For effective control, the input to the WADC should be the most observable signal, and the WADC output should be sent to the most controllable generator. This study presents a measurement‐based novel algorithm for multi‐input‐multi‐output (MIMO) transfer function identification of the power system to estimate such oscillation frequencies. The wide‐area control loop is estimated using the MIMO transfer function, and the WADC design is a combination of the discrete linear quadratic regulator and Kalman filtering for the damping of inter‐area oscillations. Since the MIMO identification is performed using the actual measurements, the proposed method can accurately monitor changes in the power grid, whereas the conventional methods are derived from small‐signal analysis of a linearized model that does not consider changing operating conditions. The overall algorithm is implemented and validated on a RTDS/RSCAD® and MATLAB® real‐time co‐simulation platform using two‐area and IEEE 39‐bus power system models.
Study on attack paths of cyber attack in cyber‐physical power systems
Authors: Chen Lei , Yue Dong , Dou Chunxia , Chen Jianbo , Cheng Zihao
Published: March 2020

By means of advanced information and communication technology, cyber‐physical power systems can attain real‐time monitor and control but have to suffer the damage caused by a cyber attack. In this study, the authors' define attack efficiency to evaluate attack paths that attacker may adopt to intrude systems, to find the most efficient attack paths (i.e. the most vulnerable paths). Based on the actual power grid and security stability control system, the coupling model of cyber‐physical power systems is established to analyse the propagation of cascading failure within and across the physical power grid and communication network. In the attack model, the attack cost matrix is built to describe the cost between directly connected nodes in a communication network. Furthermore, considering the probability that control commands are successfully transmitted from router nodes to generator/substation nodes, the total attack cost from the communication network to the physical power grid is figured out. To search for the most vulnerable attack paths in systems, the attack efficiency is proposed to quantify the relation between attack cost and attack gain, wherein the attack gain is the damage on systems caused by the cyber attack.
Slider‐based multi‐objective control for resilient microgrids
Authors: Schneider Kevin P. , Tuffner Francis K. , Tang Yingying , Radhakrishnan Nikitha , Thekkumparambath Priya , Du Wei , Kumar Jayant , Venkata Subrahmanyam S.
Published: March 2020

The desire to modernise electrical infrastructure, and the increasing number of extreme weather events, has led to an increased interest in deploying microgrids as resiliency resources. While there are times when a microgrid is operated to increase the resiliency of critical end‐use loads, there are also other operational goals, such as efficiency, that may be considered. However, it can be challenging for microgrid operators to coordinate assets in real time to balance operational objectives. This study presents a slider‐based multi‐objective control that enables microgrid operators to change the operational set points of microgrid assets to respond to rapidly changing system conditions.
Use of fitted polynomials for the decentralised estimation of network variables in unbalanced radial LV feeders
Authors: Rigoni Valentin , Soroudi Alireza , Keane Andrew
Published: March 2020

The lack of comprehensive monitoring equipment in low voltage (LV) residential feeders, impedes a near‐term deployment of centralised schemes for the integration of domestic‐scale distributed generation (DG). In this context, this study introduces a technique that generates a set of fitted polynomials, derived from offline simulations and regression analysis, that characterise the magnitude of representative network variables (i.e. key for network operation) as a direct analytical expression of the controllable local conditions of any DG unit (i.e. active and reactive power injections). Crucially, the coefficients of these polynomials can be estimated, autonomously at the location of each DG unit, without the need for remote monitoring (i.e. using only locally available measurements). During online implementation, the method only consists of direct calculations (i.e. non‐iterative), facilitating real‐time operation. The accuracy of the polynomials to estimate the magnitude of the network variables is assessed under multiple scenarios on a representative radial LV feeder. Furthermore, the robustness of the method is demonstrated under the presence of new generation and electric vehicles.
Compensation of voltage‐based power quality problems using sliding mode observer with optimised PI controller gains
Authors: Naidu Talada Appala , Arya Sabha Raj , Maurya Rakesh , Rajgopal Veramalla
Published: March 2020

This study discusses a control algorithm for dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) based on sliding mode observer (SMO) with an optimisation‐based proportional integrator (PI) tuning to compensate the voltage related power quality problems. In this work, a three‐phase VSC‐based topology of DVR is selected with a self‐supported capacitor. This DVR configuration using the proposed control algorithm has been used for mitigation of unbalance, sag, and swells in the supply voltage. The estimation of grid parameters in undesirable situations based on the exosystemic model are the advantages proposed control. New nature‐inspired optimisation algorithm named as Harris hawks optimiser (HHO) has been applied to obtain the PI gains in the control algorithm to eliminate the time required for the tuning process. The main advantage of HHO is the avoidance of local minima and exploration and exploitation features of the algorithm. DVR system with a combination of SMO‐based control algorithm along with HHO optimised PI controllers have been developed in MATLAB/Simulink and tested for above said voltage‐based disturbances mitigation in the supply voltage.
Optimal design of passive filters considering the effect of Steinmetz circuit resonance under unbalanced and non‐sinusoidal conditions
Authors: Khajouei Javad , Esmaeili Saeid , Nosratabadi Seyyed Mostafa
Published: March 2020

In order to reduce the voltage unbalancing, the delta reactances connected to the single‐phase load, known as the Steinmetz circuit, are utilised. In this study, the design of passive filters in presence of the Steinmetz circuit is presented to balance the unbalanced networks including single‐phase load. Voltage distortion and resonance phenomenon are very serious problems in power systems. Some methods have been proposed to provide the solution to this problem, among which passive filters are used as the most economical and efficient way to reduce harmonics. In this research, in addition to a brief review of the passive filters and their common types, the objective functions of the issue are discussed. The optimised functions for this issue are total harmonic distortion,voltage deviation value, total filters cost, frequency response and the critical bus power factor of the network. To solve the problem of the suggested multi‐objective optimisation, NSGA‐II is presented, and finally, the best solution is proposed with the normalised method from among the Pareto front. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two networks of 13‐buses industrial test network and modified 33‐buses IEEE network are evaluated. These networks are included non‐linear loads and Steinmetz circuit.
Unified data‐driven stochastic and robust service restoration method using non‐parametric estimation in distribution networks with soft open points
Authors: Chen Wei , Lou Xiansi , Ding Xiao , Guo Chuangxin
Published: March 2020

The service restoration is a vital measurement to enhance the resilience of the electrical distribution network. With the integration of distributed generations (DGs) in the distribution network, the uncertainties are introduced, which have a considerable impact on service restoration. Meanwhile, the soft open points (SOPs) are electronic devices installed in the tie‐line of the distribution networks. They have the ability to control the branch power flow, which can be utilised to assist the service restoration. This study proposes a data‐driven stochastic and robust service restoration method to handle the uncertainties of DGs outputs, which is modelled as a two‐stage conic optimisation programming problem. The non‐parametric estimation method is introduced to estimate the probability density function of forecasted error based on historical data. Furthermore, the nonlinear constraints of the SOPs are reformulated into conic forms so that the proposed model could be solved efficiently. Numerical tests are carried out on the IEEE 33‐bus and 123‐bus distribution networks to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the results show the superiority of the proposed method.
Earthquake potential source identification using magnetotelluric data of Kendeng thrust Surabaya area
Authors: Widodo Amien , Syaifuddin Firman , Lestari Wien , Warnana Dwa Desa
Published: March 2020

The existence of the kendeng fault passing Surabaya is still the subject of study by the researchers after being declared active by the National Earthquake Centre. The Surabaya was passed by two segments of the Kendeng fault, the Surabaya segment and the Waru segment, the two segments had an earthquake potential of 6.5 M. In the context of disaster mitigation and earthquake analysis, more detailed information is needed relating to the geometry and position of the earthquake source with certainty, so that the identification of earthquake sources is needed in more detail. The magnetotelluric method is one of the geophysical methods that is able to properly identify anomalous objects in tens of kilometers depth. Kendeng fault as a potential earthquake source, one of its segments across Surabaya can be identified using the magnetotelluric method. Megnetolelluric measurements were carried out as many as 15 points in the Surabaya region in order to identify the geometry of the kendeng fault. From the 3D resistivity model, the inversion of magnetotelluric data can be identified well with the Kendeng fault that crosses the city of Surabaya, both the Waru segment and the Surabaya segment at a depth of less than 8 km
Alternative foundation for reducing building losses due to foundation failure in soft soil
Authors: Srihandayani Susy
Published: March 2020

Much damage to buildings occurs in areas that have soft soil layers due to the failure of the foundations. Besides, foundations in soft soils generally require very expensive construction. For this reason, proper research needs to help develop strong foundations that can be used on soft soils with relatively low cost. In this research, foundations with various diameters and depths were tested on soft soil. The foundations were made of PVC pipes with diameters of ½ ", 1", 2 " or 2.5" and the same depth. Soft soil in the form of clay with particle-sizes that passed filter No. 200 was used. Before testing the foundations, carrying capacity analysis was done using the classical method on each pipe with a closed head so that the optimum carrying capacity of each foundation (PVC Pipe) was known. From this test the influence of the size of the foundations on the carrying capacity of soft soil could be seen. The results of this research will help reduce building loss/damage in areas dominated by soft topsoil
Effect of grain shape to potential liquefaction
Authors: Rahman Arif
Published: March 2020

Earthqueke is one of the most frequent disaster in Indonesia, Earthqueke have caused losses both in terms of life and material. An earthquake also can trigger to soil liquefaction. Attention to liquefaction in Indonesia has raised after the Palu Earthquake in 2018. Liquefaction may happen in sandy soil in certain condition. Here, a series laboratory tests to study potentially liquefied in sandy soils is conducted. The liquefaction potential of sand are analyzed with the effect of the shape of the soil particles. The sandy sample is made up by special selected in three different shapes that are sharp, angular and round. Finally, it can be seen the effect of the shape of the soil grain on the liquefaction potential. The results of this study can be used to further investigation in order to mitigate the liquefaction.
Fragility curve of low-to-mid-rise concrete frame retrofitted with FRP
Authors: Handiana Devi Rida , Sangadji Senot , Alfisa Saifullah Halwan
Published: March 2020

In order to achieve satisfactory global seismic behaviour of a concrete fame structure and to prevent undesirable local failures of its structural element, local strengthening of structural members by means of FRP wrap is one of the cost effective retrofitting strategy. This FRP wrapped column will increase the ductility of the element as well as the capacity that in turn will allow attaining more energy dissipating global performance. This on-going research aims to demonstrate the seismic performance of Low-to-Mid-Rise Concrete Frame retrofitted by FRP wrap in several configurations. The fragility curves of the structure before and after to local strengthening will be developed and analysed. Fragility curve will describe the probability of the structure that will exceed certain damage states given the ground shaking intensity during its service life. This curve allows evaluation for the retrofitting strategy is carried out rationally.
Exploring key issues related to tsunami shelter in Padang city – Indonesia
Authors: Mustafa Kemal Badrul , Putra H
Published: March 2020

Padang is a city on the coast of Sumatra island in the province of West Sumatra that has the potential to be threatened from a tsunami originating from the Mentawai megathrust. Various attempts have been made by the Padang City Government to anticipate casualties if a tsunami really occurs. One such effort is in the form of building shelter or TES (Temporary Evacuation Sites). Unfortunately, until now the data on the capacity of existing shelter and the number of shelter needed have not been found. In addition, the maintenance of existing shelters has the potential to become a burden on the Padang city government budget. The Mayor of Padang once complained about the need for the budget to build and maintain the shelter building so that it could function properly when needed. Therefore it is necessary to conduct a study regarding the optimal amount of shelter and how to optimize its function. Determination of the optimal number of shelter begins by identifying factors that influence the determination of the location of the shelter through questionnaires and interviews. This study also examines the alternative use of shelter and maintenance techniques so that the constructed shelter can be effective and efficient according to its function but still economical or not a burden on the government budget.
Effect of flat slab to progressive collapse on irregular structures building
Authors: Suhendra Roni , Djauhari Zulfikar , Suryanita Reni , Yuniarto Enno
Published: March 2020

Technological developments in the field of construction today increasingly developed, structures built not only irregular but also irregular. Story of the irregular-structure building significantly shaped affect the building collapse. The collapse of this building can be a collapse of natural and artificial collapse. The natural collapse was a collapse caused by the load capacity received by building or exceeds the capabilities of the structure itself. The potential of structural failure due to their natural collapse can lead to progressive collapse. This research aimed to analyse the influence of flat slab against progressive collapse at irregular building structures, and determine the type of collapse that occurred at irregular building structures. This research was conducted by analysing the structural elements of the first destroyed by the addition of the maximum load. The analysis is done by eliminating one or more of the critical column based on the General Service Administration (GSA). Examination of the power structures using finite element based software, based on the value Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR). Irregular building structures undergo a progressive collapse if the value of DCR> 1. The analysis showed a progressive collapse does not occur at irregular building structures, due to the building using structural elements in the form of a flat slab. The collapse happened only on some elements of the building structure, does not occur in the whole structure of the building.
Comparison of structural performance of open frame structures based on SNI 03-1726-2002 and SNI 03-1726-2012
Authors: Nurjannah Siti Aisyah , Megantara Yoga , Lim Erwin , Imran Iswandi
Published: March 2020

The performance analysis of a building structure under inelastic conditions consisted of static and dynamic methods, which each divided into linear and non-linear categories. The performance-based analysis was included in the non-linear static category and described in the Applied Technology Council (ATC)-40, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 273, FEMA 356, and FEMA 440. In this study, some structural open frame models were assessed to determine the structural performance level. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the open frame building structural models using pushover analysis based on SNI-1726-2002, SNI-1726-2012, and ATC-40 codes. The structural element properties were modeled based on SNI-1726-2002 to represent the buildings previously constructed before the application of SNI-1726-2012. The results showed that the open frame structural models analysed based on SNI-1726-2012 code, had a lower performance points and structural performance levels compared to their counterpart models which were analysed based on SNI-1726-2002 code. Other models showed the opposite behavior due to differences in the characteristics of seismic zones, represented by the response spectrum curves in the SNI-1726-2002 and SNI-1726-2012 codes.
Seismic design of a super-tall building: Indonesian experience
Authors: Sukamta Davy , Alexander Nick
Published: March 2020

This paper summarizes the structural concept and design of the twin 303-meter high “Indonesia-1" supertall building currently under construction in Jakarta. The first tower is a 63-story office building, and the second is 59-story, on top of the seven-level basement structure. The lateral resisting system of the towers is RC core-wall and outrigger, and composite floor system - with concrete slab, metal deck, and steel beams - is used for the gravity resisting system. Since the lateral system is outside the scope of the prescriptive system in the Indonesian Seismic Design Code, Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA) combined with Non-linear Response History Analysis (NLRHA) had demonstrated acceptability to the Jakarta building department and its peer review panel. Some challenges in conducting Performance-based Seismic Design (PBSD) are highlighted. In order to speed up construction, which is a critical factor in supertall building construction, erection columns are installed in the RC columns and CSPCM (Core Structure Preceding Construction Method) is applied. Consistently, the design must account for the associated construction sequence.
Problems of developing the model for forming parent machine-building enterprise order portfolio under cooperation conditions
Authors: Volochienko Vladimir , Sorokina Ludmila
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the feature’s projects portfolio formation of head enterprise that produces high-tech products. Methods the projects portfolio formation are considered: mathematical, simulation and economic-statistical. The factors that influence the choice of the model are illustrated.It is proposed to carry out research on the basis of creation complexes ofinterrelated, multi-level models and optimization-simulation approach. Themeans of implementing this approach are human-machine iterative,interactive procedures. To find the optimal solution by the decision maker,procedures should be based on the identification of the main goals andpreferences used in the creation of an optimal of the project portfolio, thestudy of a set of acceptable parameters and actions.

The head enterprise is considered as a complex system described by severalmodels, to which the control scheme with direct and feedback is applicable,where:

functional breakdown of the process of forming the projects portfolio into separate blocks justifies the use of multi-level modeling of a complex production system;

in long-term planning and forecasting, it is necessary to solve both the direct problem of system consequences for a given “input”, and the inverse problem of planning, which has a significant spread of output parameters. In order to optimize the method, it is proposed to create iteration- optimization analytical models using the two-point boundary value method, including planning from the achieved and planning from the final result. Indicated the advantages of using a specialized mathematical apparatus inthe formation of the projects portfolio.
Formation of working environment and capacity of a management at the enterprise
Authors: Zotov Fedor
Published: March 2020

The formation of a methodology of a supporting of a development of an enterprise management system is a direction of the author’s research. As part of the study in this work, it seemed appropriate to present the author’s point of view on understanding the place of management in a modern industrial enterprise. In management theory, interpretations of similarities and differences in the contents of the terms “management” and “administration” are found. In this work, a comparative analysis of the concepts of “management” and “business administration” is carried out. In determining these concepts, the functional content, essence and relationship of management and business administration in the enterprise are highlighted. Based on the analysis, the management potential is formed. Management aspects of the activity are identified as such potential. As a working environment for the implementation of management potential, flows are defined. The main flows constituting the activities of the enterprise are presented. A stream visualization tool, the Senkai diagram, was brought in. The visualization of the flows made it possible to identify the area of application of the management potential, both for solving the current practical problems of the business and for the development of the enterprise management system.

It is proposed to consider the results of the study as an approach to solving the urgent problem of streamlining an expensive managerial resource in the enterprise. The analysis of the achievements in solving this problem, published in domestic and foreign literature and related to overcoming the existing state in the management activities, is carried out. The causes of the problem are highlighted. An analysis of the reasons led to the conclusion that, within the framework of the existing approaches to management, the manager cannot carry out full-fledged effective activity. A generalization of the research results made it possible to identify the main directions for solving the problem. Mostly this decision is expressed in increasing the effectiveness of the actions of officials at different levels of the hierarchical structure, that is, in the chain of relations “leader - subordinate.” In this study, the author proposed an approach to solving the problem, which consists in eliminating the overlapping responsibilities of managers at the hierarchical levels of the administrative structure. This approach involves the transformation of the structure.