bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The vegetative regulation and central hemodynamics at ischemic heart disease patients with arterial hypertension and various types of the left ventricle hypertrophy
Authors: Syrkin A. L. , Vejn A. M. , Ibatov A. D. , Syrkina E. A. , Baevsky R. M. , Ibatova O. V.
Published: December 2018

We examined 76 ischemic heart disease patients with arterial hypertension and a left ventricle hypertrophy. All patients had cardiovascular tests, heart rate variability examination, integral rheography examination in rest and at orthostatic test. Patients divided into two groups on character of left ventricle hypertrophy. The ischemic heart disease patients with concentric left ventricle hypertrophy differed from patients with eccentric left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) more long current of ischemic heart disease and hypertension, had in rest higher activation of sympathetic link autonomic nervous system and higher level of peripheral vascular resistance. However activation of sympathetic nervous system was more expressed at patients with eccentric LVH at orthostatic test and this activation was kept in rest after orthostatic test, that shows lower compensation of these patients.
Cerebrovascular effects of antihypertensive therapy in perimenopausal women
Authors: Kharakhashyan A. V. , Terentyev V. P. , Volkova N. I. , Sokolov B. I.
Published: December 2018

Fifty-six peri- and postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension (AH) who had no history of cerebrovascular disorders were examined. Cerebral blood flow was studied by Doppler ultrasound study of extra- and intracranial arteries. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 received lisinopril and Group 2 had metoprolol. The studies performed before therapy, at the peak of drug tests, and 1 month after the initiation of therapy. In patients with first- and second-degree AH, cerebral hemodynamic disorders were found to occur at the extra- and intracranial level, which appeared as changes in the velocity characteristics of blood flow and in the indices characterizing cerebrovascular resistance. In addition to blood pressure lowering, lisinopril therapy for AH brought about changes in cerebral blood flow in the extra- and intracranial arteries. The most important changes appeared as a normalized intracranial arterial responsiveness and a diminished peripheral vascular resistance. Metoprolol therapy caused a reduction in the velocity of blood flow, without substantially changing the responsiveness and resistance of cerebral vessels.
Time course of changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolic parameters in patients with hypertensive disease during therapy with Rilmenidine versus Atenolol
Authors: Kasherininov Yu. R. , Shavarova Ye. K. , Shavarov A. A. , Konrádi A. O. , Shlyakhto Ye. V.
Published: December 2018

The study has evaluated the impact of 26-week therapy with Rilmenidine, 1-2 mg daily, versus atenolol, 50-100 mg daily, on the parameters of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, on the results of lipid phenotyping and oral glucose test in 37 patients with mild and moderate arterial hypertension (Stage II) during the randomized study. The antihypertensive effects of the drugs were comparable with a more significant decrease in heart rate in the atenolol group. At the same time, Rilmenidine showed good effects on the parameters of lipid metabolism and on the results of oral glucose tests as compared with atenolol whereas therapy with the latter resulted in deterioration of the blood lipid spectrum.
Endothelial dysfunction and opportunities of its correction by indapamid retard in elder hypertensives
Authors: Necrutenko L. .. , Agafonov A. .. , Likova D. ..
Published: December 2018

The functional condition of endothelium is investigated at 51 eldedy patients with arterial hypertension II-III of a stage during 3 monthly treatments by indapamid retard. Endothelial vasodilatation function and thickness of a complex intima - media were evaluated with ultrasonic duplex scanning of arteries. It has been revealed reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and structural remodeling of peripheral arteries in elderly hypertensives. Alongside with high antihypertensive activity, indapamid retard positively influenced on structural and functional characteristics of humeral arteries.
Moxinidine in the correction of metabolic disturbancis and endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus associated with arterial hypertension
Authors: Demidova T. U. , Ametov A. S. , Smagina L. V.
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the results of a follow-up and treatment of 30 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) accompanied by the persistent blood pressure elevation that requires continuous antihypertensive therapy and that is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It shows the antihypersensive effect of the imidazoline-receptor agonist moxonidine and its positive action on metabolic parameters and a risk for cardiovascular events in this group of patients.
Treatment for complicated hypertensive crisis prior to hospital admission
Authors: Polosyants O. B. , Vertkin A. L.
Published: December 2018

The effects of parenteral enaprilat were evaluated in hypertensive crisis (HC) with cerebral (hypertensive encephalopathy, stroke, transient ischemic attack) or cardiac (acute left ventricular failure, unstable angina) complications. The study covered 190 patients whose mean age was 64.8 years; there were 46 males and 144 females. Cerebral complications due to HC were observed in 119 patients; its cardiac complications were in 71. The decrease in blood pressure (BP) by 15-30 % of the baseline values with achieved diastolic BP less than 110 mm Hg was a criterion for the efficiency of therapy. Changes in clinical symptoms and outcomes were also taken into account. The treatment caused a significant decrease In BP and effective in 64, 80, 74, 72, and 82 % of the patients, respectively. Thus, the study demonstrated that intravenous enaprilat was highly effective in complicated arterial hypertension.
The role of arterial hypertension in the patterns and outcomes of hospitalizations at a multidisciplinary emergency care hospital
Authors: Plavunov N. F. , Stepanova V. V. , Karaulova Yu. L. , Kotovskaya Yn. V. , Kobalava Zh. .. , Moiseyev V. S.
Published: December 2018

The role of arterial hypertension (AH) in the pattern and outcomes of hospitalizations at a multidisciplinary emergency care hospital was analyzed, by using annual statistical reports and 0199 statistical cards on patients with AH, admitted to the therapeutic, cardiological, and neurological units of City Clinical Hospital No. 64 in 2000-2001. The bulk of patients with AH comprised above 60-year-old individuals having complications and concomitant diseases (most commonly coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic bronchi!is). AH was the background disease in most patients admitted to the hospital for myocardial infarction and acute cerebral circulatory disorders, There arc great differences in the incidence of AH, as evidenced by annual final statistical reports (3.6 %) and individual Statistical forms (23.4 %), which leads to the underestimation of the actual prevalence of AG in inpatient practice.
Experience in using noliprel and its combination with hormonal replacement therapy in women with postmenopausal hypertensive disease
Authors: Baranova Ye. I. , Bolshakova O. O. , Maslova N. P. , Katsap A. A. , Manikhas O. S. , Voronina U. V. , Turovtseva T. Yu. , Repina M. A. , Kornilova Ya. A.
Published: December 2018

Objective to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of fixed low-dose combination of permdopnl and indapamide and its co-administration with hormonal replacement therapy in women with postmenopausal hypertensive disease Materials and methods 63 women with grade 1-2 essential hypertension and postmenopausal syndrome were examined The patients were randomized to receive antihypertensive therapy with noliprel (Group 1) or its combination with hormonal replacement therapy (Group 2) The authors made blood pressure (BP) measurements by the Korotkoff method, 24-hour BP monitoring, echocardiography, studied the lipid spectrum, the plasma levels of glucose, creatinine, potassium, and uric acid, and determined life quality with the modified menopausal index Results A good subjective tolerability of therapy and a decrease in the menopausal index were noted in both groups The efficiency of antihypertensive therapy was 92 7% in Group 1 and 95 2% in Group 2 24-hour BP monitoring showed that the reduction in BP and pressure load was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 The therapy has no negative impact on metabolic parameters in both groups Conclusion Thus, noliprel is an effective drug in treating postmenopausal women with hypertensive disease Hormonal replacement therapy contributes to the higher antihypertensive effect of noliprel and exerts no effect on its metabolic neutrality
Results of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents with elevated blood pressure during random measurements
Authors: Obraztsova G. I. , Cheremnykh T. V. , Kovalev Yu. R. , Spetsakova O. A. , Vitina N. I. , Ivashikina T. M. , Petrovtseva V. L.
Published: December 2018

Three hundred and eighty children and adolescents (286 boys and 102 girls) aged 7 to 18 years who had elevated blood pressuie (BP) - BP elevation being recorded at least 3 times on individual visits to a doctor - were examined 24-hour BP monitoring was made in all the examinees to confirm the presence of arterial hypertension (AH) and to specify its grade Analyzing the find mgs indicated that in 24% of the examinees, BP values were in the normal range (daily pressure load was less than 25%), 43% of the patients were found to have labile AH (daily pressure load was within 25-50%), stable hypertension (daily pressure load was more than 50%) was recorded in 33% The predominant form of arterial hypertension m children with stable AH (daily pressure load was more than 50%) was a steady-state increase in systolic BP Reduced nocturnal BP dipping was observed in 29% of all the examinees The study of BP variability indicated a significant increase in this parameter depending on the degree of hypertension burden Thus, the findings suggest that the examinees had increased vascular tonicity and the impairments associated with the development of cardiovascular events m adulthood
Tolerance of Rilmenidine and its combination with amlodipine in hypertensive patients (according to ALTAIR study)
Authors: Shlyakhto E. V. , Konradi A. O.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study was lo evaluate tolerance of rilmenidine and its combination with amlodipine in ALTAIR study population. The study included 677 patients. 610 (90.4 %) completes it successfully. 126 adverse events have been observed, but only in 4.4 % cases it lead to therapy discontinuation. Adverse events were most frequent on i week visit, later due to excluding of some patients and disappearance of several adverse events its rate. The most frequent adverse effect was dry mouth which was registered in 64 (9.5 %) patients. In conclusion, analysis of ALTAIR data indicates that rilmenidine is well tolerated taking alone оr in combination with amlodipine in patients with mold-to-moderate hypertension. Moreover, rilmenidine therapy is accompanied by improvement of quality of life.
Metabolic syndrome and role of ACE inhibitors in its management: focus on trandolapril
Authors: Makolkin V. I.
Published: December 2018

The review describes modern view in metabolic syndrome, diagnostic criteria and management. ACE inhibitors are shown to be indicated to such patients. Trandolapril due to its significant advantages - long duration of action, dual elimination and high tissue activity can be considered predominantly indicated to patients with metabolic syndrome.
Obesity, sympathetic nervous system, and hypertension - are they connected?
Authors: Conrady A. O.
Published: December 2018

All known components of metabolic syndrome are related to sympathetic hyperactivity. Sympathetic overactivity participates in genesis oa obesity-related hypertension. The mechanisms include leptin, insulin, free fatty acids as well as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Drugs inhibiting sympathetic drive are indicated to such patients.
Influence of therapy of metoprolol on some indices of central nervous system, diastolic function of myocardium and exercise training test in patient with stable angina pectoris II-III and arterial hypertension I-II
Authors: Parmon E. V. , Bemgardt E. R. , Treshkur T. V. , Ovetchkina M. A. , Shlyakhto E. V.
Published: December 2018

The article reveals the results of original study about effects of therapy of metoprolol (“Metocard”, Polfarma) in 32 patients with stable angina pectoris II-III and arterial hypertension I-II. Average maximal effective and well-tolerated dose of Metocard was 93,0±5,62 mg per day. The 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure and ECG, as well as treadmill test, biochemical analyses, Echo-CG, MMPI, and the Midlsec tests were performed before and six weeks after the treatment onset. It’s effective antiischemic, hypotensive and antiarrhythmic actions were revealed. Metocard demonstrated positive influence on cognitive functions and psychoemotional status of patients; there were no any negative influences on lipid metabolism and diastolic function of left ventricle.
The problem of chronic kidney disease in current medicine
Authors: Smimov A. V. , Dobronravov V. A. , Kayukov I. G.
Published: December 2018

The review describes a conception of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in contemporary nephrology. Recent data on risk factors of renal dysfunction development and cardiorenal relations are discussed. It is emphasized the need of combine prevention of cardiovascular disease and CKD progression.
Comparative efficacy of nifedipine-retard and atenolol in correction of target organ damage in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Emelyanov I. V. , Villevalde S. V. , Lyasnikova E. A. , Moiseeva O. M.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between antihypertensive effect of nifedipine-retard and atenolol long-term therapy and changes of target organ damage (heart, carotid arteries, endothelial function) in patients with essential hypertension (HT) 2 stage. 45 patients with AH were included in the open prospective randomized study: 24 received nifedipine-retard 40 mg per day, 21 received atenolol 50 - 100 mg per day. There were no clinical and haemodynamic discrepanses between the groups at basline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), echocardiography (EchoCG), assess of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation were performed at basal state (after 14 days wash-out period) and after 6-month therapy. Both nifedipine-retard and atenolol had comparable and apparent hypotensive effect. The regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and the improvement of left ventricle diastolic function became evident during nifedipine-retard therapy in contrast to atenolol treatment. Long-term nifedipine-retard therapy is accompanied by an increase of volume flow velocity in arteria radialis and leads to correction of endothelium dysfunction in patients with HT.
Positron emission tomography application for myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve measurement in patients with cardiovascular pathology
Authors: Ryzhkova D. V. , Nifontov E. M. , Tyutin L. A.
Published: December 2018

This article summarizes data of the studies with positron emission tomography (PET) and devotes the clinical application of PET for myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve measurement in the patients with cardiovascular pathology. Measurement of myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve allows to assess the functional importance of coronary stenosis in patients with coronary heart disease. According the results of experimental and clinical studies the impairment of coronary vasomotor reactivity seems to be the main cause of coronary microcirculatory abnormalities in the patients with high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Noninvasive PET diagnostics of myocardial blood flow provides the valuable information for stratification of the risk of the severe cardiovascular complications. PET seems to be a good tool for assessment of the medical treatment efficiency of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and hypoestrogenemia. Myocardial blood flow impairment is independent prognostic marker of future adverse cardiac events and sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
The Method of apolipoprotein(a) Gene G/A - 772 Polymorphism Detection and the Study of It’s Role in Coronary Heart Disease in intercoronary Stent Placement
Authors: Skorobogatova J. V. , Soshnev A. A.
Published: December 2018

The present study evaluates plasma lipid profile and inflammatory proteins, including lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and apolipoprotein(a) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G/А located 772 b.p. upstream transcription start site, in 80 patients undergoing stenting after coronary angioplasty. A novel method of G/А polymorphism detection is described. Our study is the first one to reveal the role of G/А SNP in regulation of plasma Lp(a) levels. We describe an association of LDL and Lp(a) systems limited only to the group of patients with restenosis after coronary stenting. Plasma apolipoprotein Al level increase after stenting was characteristic of better prognosis. The acute phase proteins are studied in association with clinical and angiographic presentation of coronary heart disease. Our data is relevant both to fundamental studies of atherosclerosis and to clinical practice, and may be used in assessment of coronary heart disease clinical course and selection of treatment options.
Modern angiotensmconverting enzyme inhibitors m correction of cerebral haemodynamics in hypertension
Authors: Odinak M. M. , Khubulava G. G. , Kuznetcov A. N. , Vosnyuk I. A. , Arsenova N. A.
Published: December 2018

The study addresses changes of cerebral circulation during perindopril therapy of hypertension. 33 hypertensive patients were included (males - 15 (45,5%); females - 18 (54,5%). 20 patients (60,6%) received perindopril e 4 mg per day, 13 patients of control group were treated by alternative antihypertensive drugs. Neurology status, cerebral circulation (Sonomed, Spectodem, Russia) were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Results obtained demonstrated that perindopril can improve cerebral circulation independently of blood pressure reduction and has angioprotective effect. In conclusion perindopril seems to be effective treatment of hypertension in patients with impaired cerebral blood flow. Transcranial Doppler can be used as effective tool for monitoring of cerebral circulation in such cases.
Evaluation of main
arteries rigidity indices according to the data of
bifunctional 24-hour BP and ECG monitoring with
the BPLab® device
Authors: Moiseeva N. M. , Ponomarev Y. A. , Sergeeva M. V. , Rogoza A. N.
Published: December 2018

Presented are the results of research of one of the main arteries rigidity index - pulse transit time (PTT) acquired at the processing of 24-hour monitoring data obtained by the portable recorder BPLab®. The work shows correlation of PTT index and BP in 24-hour dynamics. It demonstrates stable correlation of PTT value with other arteries rigidity indices taken by stationary equipment(VS-1000, Fukuda).
Efficacy of carvedolol alone and in combination with amlodipine in a multicenter uncontrolled titration study in patients with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Sviryaev Yu. V. , Zvartau N. E. , Rotari O. P. , Dorofeikov V. V. , Konrady A. O.
Published: December 2018

In a multicenter uncontrolled titration study efficacy of carvedilol alone and in combination with amlodipine was studies in patients with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The study showed high efficacy of carvedilol as a monotherapy and combined with amlodipine in correction of hypertension and positive changes in lipid profile.
Hypertension in young patients: features of diagnosis and management
Authors: Bubnova V. S. , Lebedev E. V. , Shaposhnik I. I.
Published: December 2018

100 young hypertensive men were examined, mean age 23,6 [22.8-24.3], they were compared to 64 middle-aged hypertensive patients, mean age 49,0 [46,7-51,4]. Isolated systolic hypertension was determined in more than 2/3 young cases. Blood pressure monitoring should be used to discover hypertension in young patients. When perindopril treatment is used, target blood pressure in six month was achieved in 91,2 % hypertensive men aged between 18 and 30.
The influence of thyrotoxicosis on the heart geometry
Authors: Babenko A. Ju.
Published: December 2018

The paper is dedicated to the influence of thyrotoxicosis on the heart geometry, possibility of its reversal, depending on level of thyroid hormones, and therapy (methimasol versus propilthiouracil). Moreover, the impact of ß-blocker therapy is described. Additionally data on the level of von Willebrand factor in thyrotoxicosis and its changing depending on medical therapy and thyroid status is provided.
Correction of endothelial function in hypertension associated with tyberculosis by fixed combination of perindopril and indopamide
Authors: Klimenko N. YU. , Drobotya N. V. , Kastanyan A. A. , Kaltykova V. V. , Guseynova E. Sh.
Published: December 2018

A study of daily blood pressure (BP) dynamics, functional endothelial condition at hypertensive patients in combination with tuberculosis of various localization and estimation of an opportunity of correction of the revealed disturbances during 12-week therapy by the fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide - noliprel-forte (Servier, France) were performed. During research more expressed endothelial dysfunction at hypertensive patients, proceeding on a background of tubercular process in comparison with patients with isolated arterial hypertension was revealed. Therapy by noliprel-forte provided the reliable 24-hour control of BP level, which was accompanied by endothelial function normalization that was shown by improvement of a endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and decrease of a von Willebrand factor level. .
Beta-blockers… What is an attitude to it?
Authors: Novikova T. N.
Published: December 2018

The issues of use of beta-blockers as first-line antihypertensive treatment and their negative metabolic effects are debated during last two years. At the same time beta-blockers are heterogeneous class of drugs, characteristics some of them may be different. At the article was presented the results of examination of 50 patients with hypertension 1-2 stage and high risk of cardiovascular complication which have confirmed the previous data that betaxolol is metabolic neutral, effective and good carried beta-blocker
Vasomotor function of endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease and ventricular arrhythmias occurring during myocardial ischemia
Authors: Rudakov M. M.
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To compare vasomotor endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with and without VA occurring during myocardial ischemia. Methods: We studied 48 patients with CAD who had electrocardiographic signs of ischemia during ergometer exercise testing. All patients were divided into 2 equal groups: group I with VA occurred at peak exercise or during recovery and group II without VA. Exercise test duration was similar in the groups I and II. None of the patients had severe arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus or signs of heart failure. Assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and endothelial-independent nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation of brachial artery (BA) was performed using high-resolution ultrasound. Plasma endothelin-1 levels were measured by immunoassay method. Results: FMD of BA was lower and duration of ischemic changes of ECG during recovery was greater in the group I compared with group II. There were no significant differences in plasma ET-1 levels among the groups I and II. Conclusions: The patients with CAD and VA occurring during ischemia have FMD impaired to a greater degree and duration of ischemic changes of ECG in recovery longer compared with ones without VA.
Prognostic values of high blood pressure duringpregnancy
Authors: Baranova E. , Bolshakova O.
Published: December 2018

Arterial hypertension in pregnancy is now believed to be a risk factor for future maternal cardiovascular diseases. Despite the low immediate cardiovascular risk in a population of young women, a pregnancy complicated with hypertension carries a significant additional risk of future disease.
Noninvasiveassessment of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivityin pregnancy
Authors: Gugova F. , Mamontov O. V. , Bogomolova O. , Petrenko E. Y. , Konradi A. O.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present study was to investigate evolution of autonomic function during normal pregnancy without history of hypertension. 23 women of mean age 27,4±4,4 yrs on 12-14 weeks of gestation were examined. Spontaneous baroreflex function (BRS) was analyzed by Finometer device with beat-to-beat blood pressure registration. All measurements were performed at supine rest and 5 minute passive tilt (70). Baroreflex was calculated by sequence technique. 12 women were studies second time on 26-30 week of pregnancy. A normal or increases values of spontaneous baroreflex were observed in early pregnancy with e significant reduction of baroreflex sensitivity during tilt. In late pregnancy restoration of the orthostatic tolerance was accompanied by decrease of BRS.
Hyperhomocystcinemia as a cardiovascular risk factor. Current concepts
Authors: Rodionov R. , Lentz S.
Published: December 2018

Resume Hyperhomocysteinemia is hypothesized to be a cardiovascular risk factor. Severe hyperhomocysteinemia due to rare genetic impairments of homocysteine metabolism predisposes to atherothrombosis. Even partial correction of homocysteine levels in patients with severe hyperhomocysteinemia leads to significant reduction in cardiovascular risk. Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is common in the general population and is associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia leads to endothelial dysfunction, increased susceptibility to thrombosis and accelerated progression of atherosclerosis in animal models. Extensive epidemiological and experimental evidence lead to the hypothesis that correction of moderate hyperhomocysteinemia may significantly lower cardiovascular risk. Paradoxically, several large clinical trials failed to demonstrate any benefit from lowering of homocysteine levels in moderate hyperhomocysteinemia. This article discusses the current understanding of hyperhomocysteinemia as a cardiovascular risk factor in light of the negative results of clinical trials of homocysteine lowering therapy in moderate hyperhomocysteinemia.
CPAP-therapy in pharmacologically-treated hypertensive patients with sleep apnea
Authors: Sviryaev Y. V. , Zvartau N. , Rotar O. , Korostovtceva L. , Konradi A. , Kalinkin A.
Published: December 2018

Correction of sleep disorders in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may improve response to treatment and facilitate achievement of target blood pressure (BP). Due to the absence of guidelines and insufficient number of studies in this patient population we decided to conduct a study in order to investigate efficacy of standard antihypertensive treatment in combination with CPAP therapy in hypertensive OSA patients. Population: The study enrolled 60 ambulatory or in-hospital hypertensive patients, which were assigned to 3 treatment groups: OSA patients on standard antihypertensive therapy in combination with CPAP; OSA patients on standard antihypertensive therapy alone; non-OSA patients on standard antihypertensive therapy. Results: After 3 months of treatment, 17 patients in the first group, 12 patients in the second group and 18 patients in the third group achieved target BP. Conclusion: Combination of standard antihypertensive treatment and CPAP in hypertensive OSA patients results in increase of proportion of patients on target and decrease of time to achievement of target BP. Due to effective OSA treatment, addition of CPAP therapy results in higher efficacy of antihypertensive therapy with decrease of the number/ dosages of antihypertensive drugs.
The place of calcium antagonists in the treatment of hypertension in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Kuleshova E. V.
Published: December 2018

The review addresses modern concept of calcium antagonist pharmacological properties which allow to use them in patients with hypertension and concomitant coronary artery disease. The antihypertensive, antiischemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of calcium channel blockers are discussed as well as influence on arterial elasticity and safety reasons.
Heart Rate As A Risk Factor for Development of Cardiovascular DiseasesA Review
Authors: Svistunov A. A. , Golovacheva T. V. , Skvortsov K. Yu. , Vervikishko O. S.
Published: December 2018

The results of clinical trials have proved that elevated heart rate (> 80-85 beats/min) at rest is directly related to the risk of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis development, and it is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies have shown that these relationships are independent of other risk factors of atherosclerosis and are present in asymptomatic individuals as well as in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The results of experimental and clinical studies suggest that hemodynamic changes due to elevated heart rate have a direct influence on the arterial wall, favouring the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, heart rate is directly related to the development of cardiovascular events associated with atherosclerotic plaque disruption. Based on these data we believe that heart rate should be listed among major risk factors for ischemic heart disease
Pharmacological regulation of the cardiomyocyte growth in tissue culture
Authors: Lopatina E. V. , Gevorkova L. A. , Kuleshova E. V. , Penniyaynen V. A. , Tsyrlin V. A.
Published: December 2018

Norepinephrine, blockers of beta-adrenoreceptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin I receptor blocker were investigated in organotypic tissue culture of cardiomyocytes of 10-12-day-old chicken embryos and newborn rat heart in a wide range of concentrations. The data obtained show that low concentration of norepinephrine led to the cardiomyocyte growth control. The application of beta-adrenoblockers metoprolol and atenolol prevented stimulating effect of norepinephrine. Zofenopril inhibited the growth of cardiomyocytes but enalapril had no effect on this process. The effect of angiotensin I receptor blocker depended on concentration - low concentrations resulted in activation of cardiomyocyte growth; and high concentrations led to the decrease of their growth.
Contour analysis of central and peripheral pulse wave in healthy people and in hypertensive patients
Authors: Milyagin V. A. , Filichkin D. E. , Shpynev K. V. , Shpyneva Z. M. , Milyagina I. V.
Published: December 2018

Central arterial pressure was evaluated in 250 hypertensive patients and in 174 healthy subjects by means of contour analysis of pulse wave (SphygmoCor, AtCor Medical, Australia). The difference between central and peripheral pressure and influence of augmentation and amplification on it was shown. The features of formation of systolo-diastolic hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension at different age is described.
Fixed combination of beta adrenoblocker and calcium channel antagonist in hypertensive patients
Authors: Panov A.
Published: December 2018

Combination antihypertensive therapy is supposed to be reasonable at first stages of the disease. The review summarizes the data on metoprolol succinate and felodipine effects as a combination medicine Logimax that due to its pharmacodynamics can be the used both in isolated hypertension and in concomitant coronary heart disease.
Approaches to aortic valve preservation in patients with aortic root an-eurysms and aortic insufﬁciency: the David procedure
Authors: Uspenskiy V. , Sukhova I. V. , Gordeev M. L.
Published: December 2018

Background. Aortic valve-sparing operations are one of the relatively new approaches for treatment of patients with aortic root aneurysm and aortic valve insufficiency, but nowadays the common treatment strategy is absent. Methods. We studied the short-term results of David I valve-sparing operations in 19 patients with aortic root aneurysms and aortic insufficiency. Results. There were no lethal cases observed. 3 patients had mild aortic regurgitation, the majority of patients had no or trace aortic insufficiency. The significant decrease of left ventricle sizes was shown. Conclusions. The David I technique of aortic valve reimplantation seems to be optimal in patients with aortic root aneurysm, aortic insufficiency and normal aortic cusps.
The advan tages of electroanatomic mapping during radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: Lebedev D. , Tatarsky R. B. , Mikhailov G. V.
Published: December 2018

The aim of our investigation was to compare the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients after myocardial infarction conventional fluoroscopic catheter mapping vs. electroanatomic mapping. 52 patients with ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction were included, 17 of them passed radiofrequency ablation using electroanatomic mapping. The preference of electroanatomic mapping was indubitable. The visualization of the anatomical structures, evaluation of intracardiac electrical activation extension in relation to anatomic location using both conventional and stimulation mapping are the most optimal and useful method of radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia.
Formulation and effects of metoprolol
Authors: Kuleshova E.
Published: December 2018

Metoprolol treatment in cardiovascular diseases is discussed considering efficiency, safety and pharmacoeconomic aspects. The article reviews the main clinical trials of metoprolol and its different forms (Extended-Release and Immediate-Release metoprolol, tartrate and succinate).
The cerebral stroke: the structure of risk factors
Authors: Butikov V. N. , Dudajte V. V. , Penina G.
Published: December 2018

1357 patients with stroke, admitted to the specialized neurology department, were analyzed. The women prevail in this population and in the subgroup over 60 years old, however, males are predominant among young patients with stroke, and there number of men and women among patient of 41-60 years old is equal. If a subgroup of patients with hemorrhage stroke is analyzed, females are prevalent in all age groups. Patients with an ischemic stroke were hospitalized in the summer time more often, while patients with hemorrhage stroke were more frequently admitted in the spring. Arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus were more often reported in females, while myocardial infarction was diagnosed more frequently in males and there was higher number of smokers among men. The incidence of hypertension, heart rhythm disturbances, myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus was higher in the elderly population. Patients with recurrent stroke are more likely to have a heart disease and myocardial infarction.
Cardiac lipotoxic effects of obesity
Authors: Astashkin E. I. , Glezer M.
Published: December 2018

The review summarizes the data on lipotoxicity and lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, analyzes some mechanisms of insulin resistance and main consequences of these metabolic changes. Also the main therapeutic approaches are presented.
Diagnostic value of assessment of microcirculation and of pressor response to cold stressor test in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Okuneva G. N. , Cherniavsky A. M. , Bulatetskaya L. M. , Klinkova A. S.
Published: December 2018

62 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), II-III functional class of angina pectoris were observed during rest and stress cold exposure conditions (hand dipping in 4°C water). 75 % of patients had concomitant hypertension. Finger microcirculation flow (FMCF) was measured by laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) method. According to the results of the cold test and systolic blood pressure (SBP) response normotensive patients were divided into 3 groups: 1nd group included patients with normal tonic type of reaction (SBP increase for 0-10 mmHg); 2nd group - with moderate hypertensive reaction (SBP increase for 10-20 mmHg); 3nd group - with marked hypertensive reaction (SBP increase for more than 20 mmHg). The changes in FMCF, hand temperature (HT), finger temperature (FT) and cardiovascular system indices (BP and heart rate (HR)) were assessed. The 3'1 group was found to be different from the others by the lowest FMCF at rest (24,1 ± 3,2 ml/100 g/min.). At the same time FMCF decline during cooling was lower than in the others groups (21,8 ± 3,1 ml/100 g/min.). as well as was FMCF increase (15,4 ± 2,58 ml/100 g/min.) after the test. This testifies the increased sympathetic activity. The local cold test enables establishing the BP response type in normotensivc subjects with CHD and assessment of FMCF changes.
THE ROLE OF ACARBOSE IN THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2: NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK DECREASE
Authors: Krasilnikova E. I. , Blagosklonnaya Y. V. , Baranova E. I. , Grineva E. N. , Bystrova A. A. , Ryumina I. A. , Volkova A. R. , Karonova T. L.
Published: December 2018

It is well known that during last 10 years there is a significant growth in the number of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Early stages of glucose metabolism impairment such as glucose intolerance should be paid more attention. Diet and life style modification as well as acarbose (Glucobay) intake can result in glycemia normalization and prevent about one third of diabetes cases. Acarbose (Glucobay) can also improve coagulation factors, lipids, diminish oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, insulin and proinsulin level due to the decrease of postprandial glycemia and peripheral insulin resistance. As a consequence a reduction of patients' body mass index and cardiovascular risk is observed. We conclude that acarbose (Glucobay) must be administered oftener in patients with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus type 2 as monotherapy in case of postprandial hyperglycemia and as the second drug if normoglycemia is not achieved, as it can be combined with any hypoglycemic drug.
Short- and long-term follow up results of surgical treatment of secondary aortic valve infective endocarditis
Authors: Gorlova I. A. , Bart V. A. , Nedoshivin A. O. , Bondarenko B. B.
Published: December 2018

Results of long-term follow up of 38 patients with aortic valve replacement for secondary native infective endocarditis (IE) are analysed. In 71 % of cases IE occured in patients with congenital heart disease - bicuspid aortic valve, in 15,8 % with chronic rheumatic heart disease and in 13,2 % - with idiopathic aortic calcinosis. The most frequent complications in the early postoperative period were the following: small heart ejection syndrome (36,8 %), thromboembolic myocardial infarction (7,9 %), fever (55 %), caused by postcardiotomy syndrome in 15,8 %. Other reasons of the fever were IE activity (76,1 %), pneumonia (7,9 %), suppuration of the postoperative wound (0,2 %). 36 patients (94,7 %) have survived the hospital stage. The most frequent complications in the remote period of follow up were the valve-dependent ones (25 %). They occurred more often within the first three years, and, as a rule, reoperation was needed. In 6 patients they were the reason of a lethal outcome (16,7 %).
THE ANALYSIS OF THE RADIAL ARTERY POST-COLD-TEST RECOVERY BASED ON THE GENERALIZED GEOMETRICAL DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Alexeeva N. P. , Ivanova E. P. , Mitrofanova L. B. , Bondarenko B. B.
Published: December 2018

The generalized geometrical distribution (GGD) by means of the Bart's partial reference of functions was used for the analysis of the results of the post-cold-test performed on the radial artery in patients with vasospasm and in a control group. The association of GGD and the Galton-Watson's model (branching processes) allows interpreting the parameters of the radial artery post-cold-test recovery regarding rhythmic coordination of the circulatory system factors under cold exposure.
Evidence-based data on Simvastatin: A 15-year experience
Authors: Susekov A. V. , Gornyakova N. B. , Zubareva M. Y. , Boitsov S. A.
Published: December 2018

Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-Ko-A) reductase (statins) are widely used in treatment hyperlipideamia and atherosclerosis for more than 30 years. Results of randomized controlled trials studying statins have demonstrated that for each 1 % reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) one can achieve 0,88 % reduction of cardiovascular risk. Simvastain (Zocor™) is the fi rst-generation semisynthetic statin registered by FDA in 1988. Over the past 15 years simvastatin has been widely studied in clinical trials with hard end points (4S, HPS, IDEAL, ACCORD). These trials showed that treatment with Simvastatin 20-40 mg/day may signifi cantly reduce risk of cardiovascular death by 24-35 %, coronary death - by 42 %, risk of stroke - by 27 % and total mortality - by 13-30 %. Simvastatin was also well studied in regression trials (FHRS, MAAS and CIS). Simvastatin - is the best-investigated statin in terms of long-term safety and tolerability. In particular, in HPS study the incidence of liver damage did not exceeded 0,1 %, myopathy - 0,05 %. Zocor is well studied in combination therapy with fi brates, niacin and ezetimibe. Fixed drug combination ezetemibe 10 mg/sim vastatin 20 mg may reduce LDL for more than 50 %, most of high-risk patients can achieve target LDL-C goals. According to DYSIS study (2009) simvastatin is the most reliable and widely used statin in the world.
Levels of nitric oxide metabolites in patients with asthma and concomitant hypertension
Authors: Kozyrev A. G. , Gichkin A. U. , Zhloba A. A.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To investigate plasma levels of nitrates/nitrites (NO2+NO3) and S-nitrosothiols in asthmatic patients, including patients with concomitant arterial hypertension. Methods. The data were obtained by Greiss method before and after treatment of asthma exacerbation in asthmatic patients and healthy subjects. Results. This study has shown that evaluation of NO2+NO3 and S-nitrosothiols should consider asthma severity and the presence of concomitant arterial hypertension. The level of NO metabolites was higher in mild asthma and in patients with concomitant hypertension of grade 1.
Biomarkers in diastolic heart failure diagnosing
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Dubolazova Y. V.
Published: December 2018

Prevalence of diastolic heart failure (DHF) is 30-74 % (mean 45 %). Вecause of nonspecific clinical symptoms diagnostics is difficult. Presence of DHF can be confirmed by echocardiography. However a simple, cheap test, which could be helpful in diagnostics of DHF, is necessary. Evaluation of plasma natriuretic peptides is common. Nevertheless, search of new biomarkers, which can give more information on prognosis and efficacy of therapy, is going on. Use of the most sensitive and specific biomarkers allow to find individual approach to each patient.
Natural illumination and circadian blood pressure rhythm
Authors: Zfasman A. Z. , Alpaev D. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To evaluate the influence of natural illumination on diurnal dynamics of blood pressure (BP). Design and methods. We studied diurnal blood pressure profile (DBPP) in people living at different latitudes. We analyzed polar day and night time periods, and the group living at 69º northern latitude was of the greatest interest. The study included 13 000 persons, and in total 150 000 BP measurements were performed. All subjects were night shift workers (with night shift starting at different hours); BP measurement was performed before the beginning of the shift. Therefore, all DBPP curves were plotted based on values during work periods. Results. Level of nocturnal blood pressure dipping (LNBPD) in the mentioned periods lowered with increasing latitude. People living beyond the Polar Circle have no differences in DBPP during light (polar day) and dark (polar night) hours, and their LNBDP approached zero. Nocturnal blood pressure dipping was present in the same cohort in control time periods of mid-spring and mid-fall, when light and dark periods are almost equal. Conclusion. Diurnal BP rhythm depends on illumination changes during a day, but not on its level or exposure time.
Predictive value of breath-holding pressure response as a new diagnostic test for latent arterial hypertension detection
Authors: Lyamina N. P. , Lyamina S. V. , Senchikhin V. N. , Downey F. Н. , Manukhina E. B. , Smith M. L. , Kneip C. F.
Published: December 2018

Background. Latent arterial hypertension (LAH) is a serious health problem and is often underdiagnosed in routine examination. Thus, a sensitive and economical test to detect latent hypertension is needed. Objective. To assess the opportunity of pressure response to voluntary breath holding (30 second breath holding test) to detect masked arterial hypertension in young subjects. Design and methods. 269 young subjects (18-36 years old) with no clinical signs of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, any chronic diseases including pulmonary diseases, who did not do sports professionally, underwent 30 second breath holding test. Results. The results of breath holding and 24 hour monitoring tests coincided in 250 out of 269 cases (93 %). Latent hypertensions was diagnosed (by 24 hour blood pressure monitoring) in none of the subjects with normal or high normal resting blood pressure and negative breath holding test (negative predictive value - 100 %). For subjects with normal or high normal resting blood pressure, a positive breath holding test (53 subjects) detected latent arterial hypertension in 34 subjects (positive predictive value - 64 %). Conclusions. The breath holding test helps to effectively exclude latent arterial hypertension in healthy subjects and accurately identifies subjects who should be further tested for arterial hypertension.
Heart rate variability in pregnant women with arterial hypertension
Authors: Alexeeva L. L. , Protopopova N. V. , Fatkullina I. B.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To study heart rhythm variability (HRV) in ethnic groups of pregnant women with and without arterial hypertension during all gestation period. Design and methods. 100 pregnant Russian and Buryat women with arterial hypertension formed the main group. The control group included 100 healthy pregnant women with a normal current of pregnancy, without arterial hypertensions. All subjects underwent Holter ECG monitoring («Incart», «Kardiotechnika-04-BP-3», Russia). Results. There is a significant decrease in time parameters of rhythm variability n pregnant Buryat women with arterial hypertension in the second trimester. In the third trimester of pregnancy heart rhythm variability is higher in hypertensive women compared to those without hypertension. In Russian population indicators of heart rate variability do not vary during the day. In an ethnic group of women with arterial hypertension an increase of indicators of low and high frequencies due to the prevalence of vascular sympathetic regulation is observed in the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions. Pregnant women of the Buryat population with arterial hypertension have lower heart rhythm variability in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. In Russian population the variability parameters do not change.
«Arterial hypertension represents "the fall of human life" and prevents him from living during "the winter"» (A.A. Bogomolets, «Arterial Hypertension. Pathogenesis Essay»)
Authors: Zhuravlyov D. A.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the monograph of the soviet pathophysiologist Alexandr Alexandrovich Bogomolets (1881-1946) «Arterial Hypertension. Pathogenesis Essay». It reveals the place of this work in the study of hypertension and its influence on national scientists.