bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composición y vivencia en la arquitectura de Rogelio Salmona
Authors: Aschner Rosseli Juan Pablo
Published: October 2024

Este libro se adentra en la composición arquitectónica de Rogelio Salmona y explora su impacto en la vivencia de las obras construidas. Examina cómo sus procesos de composición se basaban en fenómenos presentes en la vivencia de las obras y cómo estos procesos conectaban las diferentes obras y permitían encontrar continuidades y rupturas en su trayectoria. Se analiza la reinterpretación y continuidad en la obra de Salmona, así como la transmisión de ideas influenciada por su vivencia de su propia obra. El libro también estudia los componentes y fenómenos que aclaran la composición desde la perspectiva de la experiencia, buscando trazar caminos a través de la producción del arquitecto y analizando los proyectos arquitectónicos en sus diferentes escalas, componentes y relaciones
Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumer Choice: Lessons from the Milk Boycott
Authors: Kim In Kyung , Kim Kyoo il
Published: October 2024

We study the impact of a boycott on one of the largest Korean dairy producers, triggered by the exposure of the firm’s unethical management practices, on sales of its own and others. We find empirical evidence that the boycott had substantial and long-lasting consequences. First, consumer utility from the boycotted products decreased significantly, reflecting consumers’ strong willingness to take part in collective action. Second, our discrete choice demand model, which addresses both price endogeneity and product substitution, estimates that sales of the boycotted firm decreased by almost 8% or, equivalently, by 8.1 million liters during the 12-month postboycott period. Third, the boycotted firm’s sales and revenue decreases would have been more severe had the firm not cut prices after the boycott outbreak. Our findings emphasize top-level managers’ role in fostering an ethical organizational culture within the firm and taking proper and timely countermeasures to curb losses incurred by a boycott.

This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.

Funding: This work was supported by the Asian Studies Center of Michigan State University [Dr. Delia Koo Faculty Endowment Award] and Sogang University [New Faculty Research Funding Grant 202310031.01].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01062 .
An alternative route: widening participation into higher education for prospective health and care professionals
Authors: Hatfield Joanne , Walker Jayne , Grey Sally-Ann Spencer , Oxley Leonie , Cowperthwaite Lucy
Published: October 2024

Access to higher education in health and social care is vital for supporting local communities and the future workforce. Traditionally, efforts to widen participation in higher education targeted socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. However, it is now recognised that all students should have equal higher education and employment opportunities, regardless of their prior educational attainment or financial situation. This article examines University of Hull's inclusive model for access to higher education, which could be developed and incorporated by other institutions nationwide. The ‘university certificate in health and social care programme’ provides a part-time, year-long pathway for students without formal qualifications to progress to undergraduate studies. Students engage with various learning styles and receive comprehensive support, enabling them to make the most of their transferable skills and gain new knowledge. The programme has a high qualification rate and successfully progresses many students to undergraduate studies because of the programme's flexible nature and support provided. Graduates often remain in the local area, addressing workforce shortages and serving the community effectively. This article makes recommendations regarding how other institutions can best implement a similar programme, including: maintaining a strong leadership across the programmes; investing in supporting and widening participation for all learners; implementing effective marketing strategies to attract diverse applicants; prioritising student feedback for programme improvement; developing a sustainable local workforce in health and social care; and sharing and collaborating with other higher education institutions.
Activities of living: working and playing
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: October 2024

There are many factors that influence the degree to which individuals choose to, or are expected to, engage in work and play activities. This article, tenth in the series, discusses why work and play, as activities of living, are important for one's health and wellbeing. It highlights the factors that may influence individual behaviour and choices within the activity and how individuals might be affected by a temporary or permanent inability to carry out the activity. Understanding these various factors can help the healthcare assistant (HCA) and assistant practitioner (AP) offer people care that is holistic and person centred.
The role of ACPs in recognising and treating diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
Authors: Alsararatee Hasan Hazim
Published: October 2024

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) are both diabetic emergencies that require immediate identification and intervention. Advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) play a crucial role in the early detection, management and co-ordination of care for patients with these conditions, although some may feel less confident in handling such complex cases. This clinical review explores the role of ACPs in managing DKA and HHS, focusing on their responsibilities in diagnosis, treatment initiation, and communication within multidisciplinary teams. It also examines the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and causes of these conditions, alongside diagnostic criteria and management strategies. In addition, the review highlights the importance of minimising risks and preventing recurrence to ultimately enhance patient outcomes.
The current state of patient safety in the NHS: the Darzi Report
Authors: Tingle John
Published: October 2024

John Tingle, Associate Professor, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses the recent Darzi report on the NHS in England
The impact of civility in the workplace
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: October 2024

Sam Foster, Executive Director of Professional Practice, Nursing and Midwifery Council, considers how a professional and civil approach to colleagues and patients aids staff and patient health and wellbeing
Establishing postgraduate education in urology for nurses and the non-medical workforce using a partnership model
Authors: Phillips Eleri
Published: October 2024

Eleri Phillips, Urology Education Programme Lead, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, Merseyside (eleri.phillips@sthk.nhs.uk) was the Gold Award winner in the Urology Nurse of the Year category of the BJN Awards 2024
Identification of Bioactive Compounds by GC-MS of Nelumbo Nucifera Leaf Extract and Virtual Screening of EGFR/ VEGFR2 Dual Inhibitors
Authors: Veerichetty Veerabhuvaneshwari , Saravanabavan Iswaryalakshmi , Pradeep Aarushi
Published: October 2024

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) play a pivotal role in cancer progression and melanoma resistance. Several pharmacophore screening studies have been done on dual tyrosine kinases inhibition of EGFR and VEGFR2 for anticancer application. Objective: This study seeks to conduct virtual screening of bioactive compounds derived from Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract, with the goal of identifying potential compounds capable of dual inhibition against EGFR and VEGFR2. Methods: Extracted from Nelumbo nucifera, bioactive compounds were identified through GC-MS-MS spectroscopy. In silico molecular docking was carried out using AutoDock Vina, and the structures were visualized using PyMol and Biovia Discovery Studio software. The docking validation was conducted using DINC and included reference drug standards. Results: Fifteen anti-carcinogenic molecules explored via GC-MS analysis of Nelumbo Nucifera extract showed dual EGFR/VEGFR inhibition with cutoff energy for inhibition activity greater than -5kcal/mol. Docking is validated and RMSD values were computed. The results represent Nelumbo nucifera extract has a promising dual tyrosine kinases inhibitor of EGFR and VEGFR2. Hence, 70% of Bioactive compounds of Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract have various medicinal properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor. Thus, these identified 15 bioactive compounds can overcome chemoresistance observed by BRAF inhibitors in melanoma and will be proved through further in vitro studies. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study identified that bioactive compounds present in the Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract as potential inhibitor of EGFR and VEGFR2 and have anticancer therapeutic potential. This combined inhibition of EGFR and VEGFR2 suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis. EGFR activation and overexpression causes resistance to BRAF Inhibitors like vemurafenib in melanoma and VEGFR2 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis of melanoma, hence combined suppresion will be an effective anti-cancer therapy.
Polyhydroxybutyrates: A Sustainable Alternative for Synthetic Polymers
Authors: Dakshinamoorthi Balakumaran Manickam , Chinnarasu Uma Adaikalavan, Ananth , Krishnan Nithya , Jothiraman Swetha
Published: October 2024

Over the past decade, petroleum-based plastics have emerged as a significant concern, disrupting normal human life cycles. The adverse impacts of synthetic plastics on living organisms include their accumulation in both marine and terrestrial habitats, lack of proper disposal methods, slow biodegradation rates, and absence of natural degradation processes. Consequently, researchers have been driven to develop eco-friendly polymers that pose minimal harm to the environment. Among the most prevalent alternatives to synthetic plastics are biopolymers, with Polyhydroxybutyrates standing out as a widely used example due to its properties suitable for replacing conventional plastics. Biopolymers offer solutions to the drawbacks of synthetic plastics. When biopolymers are released into the environment, they do not generate toxic chemicals that harm living organisms. These biopolymers are already in use in various industries. Through this review, we would understand the usage of these biopolymers in various industries.
An Insight of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs): Green Synthesis, Characteristics and Agricultural Applications
Authors: Gandhi Ruchita R. , Koche Dipak K.
Published: October 2024

Nanoscience represents a highly esteemed and significant emerging domain within contemporary scientific advancements. Continuous research in nanotechnology facilitates the development and commercialization of various nanoproducts globally. The unique dimensions and properties of nanoparticles have garnered considerable attention on an international scale. Good transparency, high electron mobility, wide bandgap, high thermal and mechanical stability at room temperature and luminescence are some of the important properties of these nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are particularly noteworthy due to their applications across diverse industries, including gas sensors, biosensors, cosmetics, drug delivery systems, and agricultural practices. ZnO NPs exhibit a broad spectrum of properties, encompassing optical, electrical, piezoelectric, physical, semiconducting, and antimicrobial characteristics. Furthermore, these nanoparticles hold substantial promise for enhancing agricultural productivity. ZnO NPs can be synthesized through various methods, including chemical, hydrothermal, and biological green synthesis techniques. Recently, there has been an increasing focus on the green synthesis of ZnO NPs utilizing different plant extracts or microbial interventions. This biobased approach is considered safer and more environmentally sustainable compared to traditional chemical and physical synthesis methods. This review article primarily addresses the green synthesis, characterization, and agricultural applications of ZnO NPs.
Incidence of Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms in Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Units at Beni-Suef University Hospital: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Melhem Moaz Beni , Yasser Manal M. , Tagyan Aya I. , Mohamed M. Sayed , M. Alkhalifah Dalal Hussien , Hozzein Wael N.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: Background: Hospital acquired infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms are a significant health risk in Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Units (TICU and SICU), leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms exacerbates these challenges, making effective infection control and antimicrobial stewardship critical for improving patient outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the microbial epidemiology and prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms in the Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Units (TICU and SICU) at Beni-Suef University Hospital, with the goal of guiding targeted infection control strategies and enhancing antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a seven-month period from September 2023 to February 2024, involving 140 patients admitted to the TICU and SICU. Clinical specimens, including blood, sputum, and urine samples, were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Microbial identification was performed through traditional culturing techniques, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests, with further verification using automated identification systems. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted following the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: A total of 117 isolates were obtained from 140 patients, with 88.89% identified as multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). A significant statistical difference was observed in the occurrence frequencies of these organisms between TICU and SICU (p < 0.05). The predominant bacterial pathogens included Klebsiella pneumoniae (54 isolates; 46.15% of all isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14 isolates; 11.97%), and Escherichia coli (8 isolates; 6.84%). Fungal pathogens, including Candida albicans and Aspergillus spp., were also identified. Notably, MDR strains were prevalent in Acinetobacter baumannii (5.13% of all isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.97%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.77%), highlighting the escalating threat of antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: The study underscores a consistent microbial burden across TICU and SICU, with variations in the frequency of specific organisms. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted infection control measures and robust antimicrobial stewardship programs to combat the rising threat of MDR organisms. Future research should focus on developing strategies to mitigate the impact of these pathogens on patient outcomes.
In Silico Evaluation of Marine Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of Inhibitor-Kappa B Protein Kinase (IκK) for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutics
Authors: Sheokand Deepak , Grewal Annu , Kumar Vivek , Chauhan Raveena , Saini Vandana , Kumar Ajit
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a polygenic, progressive neurodegenerative condition that leads to cognitive and behavioural impairment. The drugs available for AD have been found vital for symptomatic cognitive treatment, but cannot treat or slow down the disease's progression, besides having severe side effects. Plants have been extensively used in traditional medicine, and marine phytochemicals have also been proven as a legitimate solution for several ailments. This study was carried out to screen marine phytochemicals for AD therapy and neuroinflammation by focusing on inhibiting the neuroinflammatory pathway involved in AD progression and nervous system degeneration using IκK as the therapeutic target protein. Virtual screening of 2583 marine phytochemicals retrieved from the Comprehensive Marine Natural Products Database (CMNPD) was performed for Lipinski's rule, ADME/T profiling, Blood-brain permeability and molecular docking studies using IκK as the target receptor and Curcumin as the standard inhibitor of IκK. Seven marine phytochemicals (CMNPD IDs: CMNPD25050, CMNPD793, CMNPD18964, CMNPD14904, CMNPD31514, CMNPD24296) showed better binding affinity when docked against IκK as compared to the standard compound Curcumin and are the potential lead molecules to be further evaluated for AD therapy. Molecular dynamics simulations were also performed to investigate the binding interactions and stability of the top-hit marine phytochemical CMNPD25050 (8,11-dihydro-1-methoxy laurokamuren-12-ol) with the IκK target protein.
The Factors Affected to the Spread Dynamıcs of the Infectıon by Echınococcus Granulosus Hydatıc Cyst in Sheep and Goats
Authors: Azizova Aygun  A. , Muradova Sevda M.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: The researches were conducted in order to determine the spreading of echinococcosis in sheep and goats in the Mountainous-Shirvan and Shirvan-Salyan economic regions of Azerbaijan. The liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys of 1200 sheep, 1080 goats from the Mountainous-Shirvan economic region, 1400 sheep and 765 goats from the Shirvan-Salyan economic region used for slaughter from farms, were examined according to the echinococcus cysts. In general, 2,600 sheep from two economic regions were researched on the seasons for 1 year, and were noted in 1,134 animals hydatid cysts (43.6%). In sheep, the infection percentage was high in winter (58.7%) and autumn (56.4%), and low in spring (21.8%). During the year, the hydatid cysts were noted in 796 goats (43.1%) during the examination of 1845 goats. In goats, the infection percentage was noted high in winter (47.6%) and summer (45.1%), and relatively weak in spring (34.3%), regardless of the age dynamics. It was determined that there are invasion protoscoleces in the cysts of 90% of sheep and 85% of goats. In order to determine the infection status of E.granulosus cestodes in the main hosts, coprological samples of 82 shepherd dogs, 447 stray dogs, 75 foxes and 39 jackals were examined coprologically. The eggs of Echinococcus granulosus cestodes were folowed in the samples belonging to 4 shepherd dogs (4.9%), 98 stray dogs (21.9%), 28 foxes (37.3%) and 7 jackals (17.9%). Coprological samples of the main hosts were examined using the methods of Sherbovich, Vishniauskas, and Fulleborn. To detect echinococcus cysts in intermediate hosts, the method of complete dissection was used. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to determine the activity of protocols in hydatid cysts. The number of studied animals, the number of hydatid cysts in sick animals, and the average relative coefficient of the number were calculated based on the "Student t criterion".
Use of Carrot Oil, Olive Oil, Pine Oil, Rose Oil in Comparison to Xylene as Clearing Agent During Tissue Processing: an in Vitro Study
Authors: Jyostna Ningombam , Bhargava* Deepak , Bansal Puja
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: Background: Clearing plays a vital role in histological section preparation. Xylene has long been valued for its ability to efficiently deparaffinize and clear tissue samples. However, its hazardous properties have raised health and environmental concerns, leading researchers to seek alternative solvents for tissue processing. This study utilized safer substitutes to address these concerns. Aim: To assess the clearing ability of four different oils i.e., Carrot oil, Olive oil, Pine oil, and Rose oil in comparison with that of xylene. Materials and Methods: Thirty different formalin-fixed tissue samples were cut into five parts and cleared using Carrot oil, Olive oil, Pine oil, Rose oil, and xylene followed by routine processing, sectioning, and staining steps. Presence or absence of shrinkage, ease of cutting, nucleus, cytoplasm details and staining quality were assesed and comparison was done between each of them cleared with the 4 different oils with that cleared using xylene. Results: The results showed that all four oils cleared tissues as effectively as xylene, with Pine oil superior in nucleus and cytoplasm details, as well as staining quality insignificant number of samples. Conclusion: These oils not only more affordable and eco-friendly than xylene but can also serve as effective clearing agents.
Optimization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles of Silymarin through Statistical Design Experiment and Surface Modification by APTES
Authors: Gosavi Sheetal B. , Patil Moreshwar P.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: The major goal of this study was to create surface-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) of Silymarin, which has a short half-life and requires regular dosing due to first-pass metabolism. MSN was prepared by cost effective Sol-Gel method, functionalized by (3-Aminoprpyl) triethoxysilane (3-APTES). Evaluated and compared the Silymarin-loaded MSN and APTES functionalized MSN for drug loading, in-vitro dissolution, particle size, surface morphology, surface area, pore size and volume. The percent drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of APTES-functionalized MSN were found to be 92.50±0.72 % percent and 93.20±0.13 %, respectively, which showed a higher value in APTES-functionalized MSN as compared to Silymarin-loaded MSN. Drug release of APTES-functionalized MSN was 92.15 0.03%, which was more as compared to silymarin-loaded MSN. XRD showed that after functionalization silymarin changed from crystalline to amorphous form. SEM indicates that MSN was formed in a spherical shape with particle size of 196.7nm. The BET analysis proved that the nanoparticles had a larger surface area, which was reduced after drug loading and functionalization. Also, the pore size was increased and the pore volume was reduced after functionalization, indicating the incorporation of silymarin. The results suggested that the functionalization might successfully increase adsorption capacity, larger surface area, and increased encapsulation. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles also showed a greater impact on dissolution.
Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Emulgel Containing Eugenia caryophyllus Buds Extract
Authors: S. Fakir Jubershaha , M. Ahire Chandrakant , R. Surana Khemchand , Kalam Abdul , Ahamad Ayaz A. , Davanage Madhuri D. , Mahajan Sunil K.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: Background: Eugenia caryophyllus is a valuable aromatic spice used in household cooking. Traditional healers frequently employ the plant, which is said to have therapeutic qualities, in herbal concoctions to treat a variety of illnesses and conditions. Objective: Eugenia caryophyllus clove buds have antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The formulation of clove emulgel and its assessment using a variety of evaluation criteria were the main objectives of the current study. Clove emulgel was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Materials and Procedures: We extracted and assessed the oils from Eugenia caryophyllus buds for phytochemical testing using solvents such as methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, and N-hexane. We prepare emulgel and test it for spreadability, pH, and other organoleptic characteristics. We used egg albumin denaturation as a protein to measure the in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy. We tested the antibacterial susceptibility using the agar-well diffusion method. Results: Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates, and glycosides were the phytochemical components found in clove bud extract. Physical factors such as color, consistency, and state—such as semi-solid, smooth, and brownish-gummy—are included in this category of evaluation parameters. The emulgel's pH was 5.35, its spreadability ranged from 1.6 to 2.5 cm, and no phase separation was noticed while the emulgel was stored. An in vitro anti-inflammatory test (spectroscopy method) and an antimicrobial test (zone of inhibition) were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of emulgel. Comparing clove oil emulgel to a typical medication, these evaluations found that it demonstrates strong anti-inflammatory and antibacterial resistance. Conclusion: In conclusion, Clove Buds Emulgel has demonstrated antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Emulgel demonstrated the inhibitory response percentage in relation to the standard. This validates the roles that E. caryophyllus has been shown to play in protecting human health. This innovative emulgel mixture was applied to arthritis to lessen microbial infection and joint discomfort. In addition, more preclinical and clinical trials will be needed for this research in order to successfully commercialize the emulgel formulation for the treatment of inflammation and antimicrobial activity.
Development and Assessment of Loratadine Fast-Disintegrating Tablets via β-Cyclodextrin Complexation with Superdisintegrants
Authors: Amrutkar Samiksha S. , Navale Shivam K. , Bhambere Deepak S. , Birari Pooja , Shevatkar Shweta , Ahirrao Sapana P.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to enhance the solubility and consequent bioavailability of Loratadine, a widely used medication for seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. The approach involved complexation with β-cyclodextrin to improve solubility and the formulation of fast-disintegrating tablets via the sublimation method. Crosspovidone acted as a superdisintegrant, while camphor served as a sublimating agent. Methodology: Pre-compression parameters were assessed to ensure adequate flow properties, while post-compression parameters were evaluated against IP acceptable limits for variations in hardness, weight, wetting time, friability, drug release, and disintegration time, drug content, FTIR, and DSC. Dissolution studies were conducted in 0.1N HCL, and statistical analysis employed a central composite design for optimization. Results: Formulation B14 emerged as the optimized batch, demonstrating favourable characteristics including wetting time, in vitro drug release, drug content, and disintegration time. Analysis of stability conducted in accordance with ICH guidelines affirmed the formulations' stability. Conclusion: The developed fast-disintegrating tablet formulation of Loratadine exhibited enhanced solubility, potentially translating to improved bioavailability. These advancements suggest increase efficacy and improved patient compliance in the management of allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
Insilico and Biological Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of synthesized Benzimidazoles Derivatives
Authors: Surana Khemchand R. , Jadhav Pallavi S. , Shewale Harshada S. , Wagh Dipa B. , Mahajan Sunil K. , Musale Jayesh V. , Fakir Jubershaha S. , Sharma Yogesh P.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: We have developed a mild, easy, and highly efficient green catalyst for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole. In this study, Ace-dock and DockThore performed molecular docking of the designed benzimidazole molecules with the selected protein FAAH (PDB ID: 3LJ7). We assessed the drug's likeliness (Lipinski's rule of 5) and potential toxicity using the Protox-II software. We can confidently state that the synthesized molecules adhere to Lipinski's rule of five, given that the design molecules' properties are within acceptable limits. In comparison to the reference Ibuprofen, the proposed compounds exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties and achieved docking scores ranging from -10.88 to -27.31 (Acedock) and -6.045 to 9.122 (DockThore). We synthesized the benzimidazole derivatives 3a to 3g. Based on an in silico study, we synthesized the molecules, chose the best ones, and then tested their anti-inflammatory action in a lab setting. We employed the albumin denaturation assay test to determine the extent of heat-induced protein denaturation inhibition. Both of the synthesized compounds and the standard drug, diclofenac sodium, inhibit denaturation of proteins at concentrations between 10 and 50 ppm. At a dose of 10 ppm, compound 3f showed the highest level of inhibition, at 70%. Diclofenac sodium exhibited the highest suppression, measuring 97.20% at a concentration of 40 ppm. We could further investigate 3F to determine its anti-inflammatory characteristics.
PREDICTORS OF ROTATIONAL FAILURE IN PAEDIATRIC SUPRACONDYLAR HUMERAL FRACTURES
Authors: Gardner W. T. , Davies P. , Campbell D. , Reidy M.
Published: October 2024

Lateral-entry wiring (LEW) for displaced supracondylar humeral fractures (SHFs) has been popularised internationally. BOAST guidance suggests either LEW or crossed wires; the latter has reported lower risk of loss of fracture reduction –we explore technical reasons why.

We reviewed 8 years of displaced SHFs in two regional centres. Injuries were grouped using the Gartland Classification, with posterolateral or posteromedial displacement assessment for Gartland 3 injuries. We identified any loss of fracture reduction, and reviewed intra-operative imaging to identify learning points that may contribute to early rotational displacement (ERD).

345 SHFs were included, between 2012 and 2020. Gartland 2 (n=117) injuries had a 3.42% risk. ERD. Gartland 3 crossed wirings (n=114) had a 6.14% risk of ERD, with those moving all being posterolaterally displaced. Gartland 3, posterolaterally displaced LEW (n=56) had a 35.7% risk of ERD. Gartland 3, posteromedially displaced LEW (n=58) had a 22.4% risk of ERD. All injuries with ERD except 3 had identifiable learning points, the commonest being non-divergence of wires, or wires not passing through both fracture fragments.

LEW requires divergent spread and bicolumnar fixation. Achieving a solid construct through this method appears more challenging than crossed wiring, with rates of ERD 3–5× higher. Low-volume surgeons should adhere to BOAST guidelines and choose a wiring construct that works best in their hands. They can also be reassured that should a loss of position occur, the risk of requirement for revision surgery is extremely low in our study (0.3%), and it is unlikely to affect long term outcomes.
DOES CHANGE IN CORONAL PLANE ALIGNMENT OF THE KNEE CLASSIFICATION FOLLOWING TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY INFLUENCE PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES AND SURVIVORSHIP? A REVIEW OF 1,062 CASES WITH TEN YEARS’ FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Al-Abbasi G. , Wallace D.T. , Mahmood F. , Ohly N. , Clarke J.
Published: October 2024

Restoration of native Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) phenotype is a strategy suggested to achieve better satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of changes in CPAK classification on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and survivorship in a large cohort of manual mechanically aligned (MA) cemented TKAs.

A retrospective analysis of 1062 consecutive cemented TKAs using MA philosophy at a single institution. Pre- and post-operative hip-knee-ankle radiographs were classified using the CPAK classification. Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and patient satisfaction (4-point-Likert scale) were collected prospectively. Implant survival data was obtained from our national arthroplasty database. We compared the outcomes of patients who maintained or changed their CPAK classification following TKA. Satisfaction was analysed using chi-square test, and OKS was analysed using Mann-Whitney test.

Pre-operatively, most patients were CPAK type-I (38.8%). 85.5% of patients changed their CPAK type post-operatively, with CPAK type-V observed in 41.2% of these. Significantly better satisfaction (p=0.033) and OKS (p=0.021) were observed at one-year follow-up in patients who changed CPAK type, although the difference was below OKS minimally important clinical difference. There was no difference in satisfaction (p=0.73) and OKS (p=0.26) at one year between CPAK-V and non-V classifications. Post-operative CPAK type had no correlation with satisfaction and OKS. 12 TKAs (1.1%) were revised within 10 years (3 septic).

In this large cohort of MA-TKA, excellent survivorship was observed at 10 years, with no demonstrable difference in outcome related to the final CPAK phenotype or change in phenotype.
A SCOTTISH CENTRE'S EXPERIENCE OF RAPIDLY DESTRUCTIVE OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE HIP IN THE SETTING OF A RESTRICTED ARTHROPLASTY SERVICE: DO DELAYS AFFECT OUTCOMES? WHAT CAN WE LEARN?
Authors: Sattar M. , Lennox L. , Lim J. W. , Medlock G. , Mitchell M.
Published: October 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic restricted access to elective arthroplasty theatres. Consequently, there was a staggering rise in waiting times for patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA). Concomitantly, rapidly destructive osteoarthritis (RDOA) incidence also increased.

Two cohorts of patients were reviewed: patients undergoing primary THA, pre-pandemic (December 2017-December 2018) and patients with RDOA (ascertained by dual consultant review of pre-operative radiographs) undergoing THA after the pandemic started (March 2020 – March 2022). There were 236 primary THA cases in the pre-pandemic cohort. Out of the 632 primary THA cases post-pandemic, 186 cases (29%) had RDOA. Within this RDOA cohort, the pre-operative mean OHS, EQ5D3L and EQVAS (12.7, 10.5 and 57.6 respectively) were all poorer than in the pre-pandemic population (18.3, 9.4 and 66.7 respectively) (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the RDOA and pre-pandemic cohort in Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS) at 12 months, perhaps due to their ceiling effect.

Within the RDOA cohort, 7 cases required acetabular augments, 1 of which also required femoral shortening. The rate of intra-operative fracture, dislocation, infection, return to theatre, and revision were 2.2%, 2.7%, 4.3%, 3.8% and 2.2% respectively, greater than those reported in the literature. No fractures nor dislocations occurred in robot assisted arthroplasties.

With ever increasing waiting lists, RDOA prevalence will continue to rise. Increased surgical challenges and potential use of additional implants generated by its presence excludes these patients from waiting list initiative pathways, potentiating the complexity of the operative procedure. Going forwards, the economic burden and training implications must be considered.
THE NUMBER OF DISTAL RADIAL FRACTURES IN THE ELDERLY WILL INCREASE BY MORE THAN HALF BY 2040: PREDICTION MODELLING USING NATIONAL DATA
Authors: Bell K.R. , Yapp L.Z. , White T.O. , Molyneux S.G. , Clement N.D. , Duckworth A.D.
Published: October 2024

The aim was to predict the number and incidence of distal radius fractures in Scotland over the next two decades according to age group, categorised into under 65yrs(65) and 65yrs and older (65), and estimate the potential increased operative burden.

The number of distal radius fractures in Scotland was isolated from the Global Burden of Disease database and this was used, in addition to historic population data and published population estimates, to create a multivariable model allowing incorporation of age group, sex and time. A Negative Binomial distribution was used to predict incidence in 2030 and 2040 and calculate projected number of fractures. A 20.4% operative intervention rate was assumed (local data).

In terms of number of fractures, there was a projected 61% rise in the 65 group with an overall increase of 2099 fractures per year from 3417 in 2020 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2960 – 3463) to 5516 in 2040 (95% CI 4155 – 5675). This was associated with 428 additional operative interventions per year for those 65yrs. The projected increase between 2020 and 2040 was similar in both sexes (60% in females, 63% in males), however the absolute increase in fracture number was higher in females. There was a 4% projected fall in the number of fractures in those 65.

Incidence of distal radius fractures is expected to considerably increase over the next two decades due to a projected increase in the number of fractures in the elderly. This has implications for associated morbidity and healthcare resource use.
THE X-RAY CALIBRATION PROJECT
Authors: Zace P. , Maas Z. , McIntyre R. , Khan Z. , Bailey O.
Published: October 2024

Increasing the accuracy of information provided through X-Rays maximises pre-operative planning. Aim of this project is to determine the necessity of calibration probes that would improve the accuracy of pre-operative templating. This is a retrospective study involving leg length and pelvis X-Rays performed across the NHS Lanarkshire from 01/03/2023 until 31/04/2024.

A total of 87 leg length X-Rays were identified, 18 had a calibration probe present. Leg length was measured on each and the X-Rays were calibrated against the existing probe. In 66.7% of cases there was a major leg length discrepancy of over 2cm between the pre-calibrated and post-calibrated X-Rays. Pelvic X-Rays of 80 patients that underwent total hip replacement were reviewed. Preoperative templating was compared to the implants inserted. An average of 1.94 discrepancy in the size of the acetabular implant was identified whilst in 30 cases the size of the femoral stem was incorrect by at least 1 size. Magnification of 119.7% on X-Rays was found to provide the most accurate templating. Seventy seven cases of pelvic X-Rays before and after hip hemiarthroplasty were also reviewed. The implant head was templated incorrectly in 74% of cases and the stem in 51%. It was identified that pelvic X-Ray magnification of 121.7% would provide the most accurate results.

X-Rays with no calibration probes provide inaccurate measurements leading to faulty preoperative planning. Standardised use of a calibration sphere is strongly suggested and whenever that is not available, we suggest magnification of 121%.
Comportamiento Visual y Engaño: Una revisión sistematizada
Authors: Carvajal Builes Juan Camilo
Published: October 2024

El engaño es un comportamiento presente en todas las sociedades y seres humanos, ya que tiene un propósito adaptativo, sin embargo, en contextos legales, su discriminación efectiva es necesaria debido al impacto que puede generar en las decisiones judiciales. Existen diferentes instrumentos psicofisiológicos para la detección del engaño, entre los cuales se encuentra el eye tracker. Este instrumento ha mostrado tasas de discriminación superiores al 90% que lo convierten en una alternativa tentadora para su aplicación en entornos forenses. Esta revisión sistematizada recuperó y analizó documentos empíricos publicados entre 2007 y 2018 sobre el uso del eye tracker para discriminar en el engaño. Los resultados muestran que estas investigaciones se centran en identificar el reconocimiento de estímulos más no en procedimientos que estén dirigidos a la detección del engaño, además de enfatizar la evaluación de testigos sospechosos. Este escenario genera la necesidad de procedimientos validados que incluyen la evaluación del engaño y la identificación de estímulos teniendo en cuenta las diferencias psicológicas entre los diferentes tipos de testigos en un proceso legal.
Evidencia empírica del DISC en futuros líderes iberoamericanos: una aportación de William Moulton Marston a la función directiva
Authors: Gómez Pedro Luis , Barquero José Daniel , Pestana José Vicente
Published: October 2024

Al analizar la función directiva característica de líderes mediante el test DISC —derivado del trabajo pionero de W. M. Marston—, se describen cuatro perfiles basados en los ejes Introversión-Extroversión y Racional-Emocional: Dominante, Influyente, Estable y Cumplidor). Al ser un test tan ampliamente utilizado como escasas sus contribuciones empíricas, se llevó a cabo una investigación no experimental del tipo asociativa y transversal de la estructura predominante de los perfiles DISC (primario y de apoyo), atendiendo a las diferencias según el sexo y el país. Conformaron la muestra intencional estudiada 198 asistentes a una formación universitaria para personal directivo, ejecutivo de línea y de alta dirección (142 hombres y 56 mujeres, con edades entre 25 y 50 años —M = 36,98; DT = 7,14), quienes cumplimentaron la variante del DISC conocida como APP Thomas. Los resultados obtenidos, consistentes en su mayor parte con hallazgos precedentes en otros contextos vinculados al liderazgo, destacan el estilo Influyente como predominante, que en el 48,1% de los casos se apoya en el perfil Dominante (χ2 = 141,98; p < ,000); se observa, además, un perfil Cumplidor en las mujeres que, en el 87,5% de los casos, se apoya en el perfil Estable (χ2 = 72,42; p < ,000). Estos datos evidencian la vigencia y utilidad del DISC al analizar los estilos de liderazgo, mostrando la estructura básica de los estilos Influyente y Dominante (al considerar los factores de apoyo) en la función directiva, inherente al liderazgo organizacional.
Apuntes para un análisis psicosocial crítico de los procesos participativos de ámbito local: representaciones sociales y empoderamiento
Authors: Vidal Tomeu , Carmona Moisés , Fernández Carrasco Rubén D. , Pindado Fernando
Published: October 2024

En este artículo nos preguntamos cómo abordar de forma crítica las prácticas participativas a nivel local y su conexión con la gestión de lo público, focalizando dicha interrogación en la dimensión psicosocial que anida en dichos procesos. Consideramos que la forma de construir la experiencia participativa, en la que se tejen identidades, vínculos y la propia idea de lo común y lo diferente, son procesos psicosociales que pueden dar cuenta de la conciencia crítica de dichos procesos y de las condiciones en las que ocurren.Con este objetivo se sitúan los principales sentidos con que se refiere la participación y su desarrollo desde el ámbito de las políticas públicas. Luego se apuntan algunos procesos psicosociales subyacentes desde la literatura científica y algunas reflexiones de la intervención en temas como la salud, el vínculo comunitario o la gestión y diseño del espacio público, en el ámbito local y en el territorio de Cataluña, principalmente.
Activities between grandfathers and grandchildren before and during Covid-19. Analysis of the level of satisfaction and perception on the intergenerational role.
Authors: Castañeda-García Pedro Javier , Santana-Rodríguez Nazaret , Sánchez-Quinteiro Paula , Cruz-Santana Vanesa
Published: October 2024

Given the lack of knowledge around the family role of grandfatherhood, a study was conducted about the activities shared between a group of grandparents with their grandchildren, before and during the Covid-19 lockdown. This study of 110 grandfathers (mean age 73.6) included participants’ sociodemographic profile; their satisfaction with five different types of activities shared with their grandchildren, both on their own and with their spouses; and their general views of the grandparenting role. Data were analyzed using descriptive and non-parametric inferential methods (Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, chi square, and correlations). Data showed that participants, who were mostly married and retired, showed three satisfaction levels with their grandchildren: high for family celebrations, average for activities involving play and sociocultural transmission, and low for housework and academic/intellectual activities. Participants’ age, marital status, health status, and education, as well as the age and number of grandchildren, were associated with these satisfaction levels. Most participants favored the formal grandparenting role, and marital status, health status, education, and grandchildren’s age and sex were associated with their views of grandparenting roles. Physical contact during the Covid-19 lockdown dropped by 72.7%. We concluded that activities shared between grandfathers and grandchildren and views on the grandparenting role are influenced by the sociodemographic variables of both. These results need to be expanded with more research.
Suicide prevention research: A bibliometric analysis from 1982 to 2021
Authors: Suárez Soto Elizabeth , Puraivan Eduardo , Ferrada Cristian
Published: October 2024

Background:Suicide is the most extreme outcome of a mental health crisis and should therefore be a key priority in any mental health prevention response. Objetive:the aim of this study was to identify the scientific production and its temporal evolution related to suicide prevention. Method: To do this, a quantitative, descriptive and bibliometric type study was carried out, which allows us to know the current situation regarding this issue. The analysis wasperformed using Scopus’ own metrics and the use of the Bibliometrix software. Results:The results indicate that, through the keywords used, 272 articles were found, with the United Kingdom and United States being the geographical territories with the highest production, the year 2018 as the year with the mostnotable amount of research, together with the area of medicine theyaccount for 60,2% of these, throughout the 40 years of investigation. Conclusions:Overall, our analyses shed light on the strong growth of research in suicidology. We believe that these bibliometric analyses can be useful in guiding researchers, institutions, and countries in the prevention of suicide.
The Quality of Parental Responsiveness: The Validity and Reliability of a New Observational Measure
Authors: Halty Barrutieta Amaia , Berástegui Pedro-Viejo Ana , Pitillas Salvá Carlos
Published: October 2024

The quality of maternal care is one of the variables most related to child attachment and is, therefore, the target of many family interventions. The purpose of this study was to validate the Parental Responsiveness Quality (PRQ), a new observational measure that evaluates this variable. The analyses were performed on a sample of 50 participants. The internal structure was evaluated through an exploratory analysis (cluster analysis), which yielded five clusters. Four of them provided good reliability rates. Interjudge reliability was higher than .90 and the relationship with other variables, such as adult attachment style and parental stress, support the validity of their criteria. The PRQ measure promises to be a useful tool in the evaluation of the quality of parental responsiveness for parents with children between 1 and 6 years of age.
Habilidades sociales en niños, niñas y adolescentes tutelados con Familias Colaboradoras y su relación con el apoyo percibido y la satisfacción vital
Authors: Molano Mérida Nuria , León Manso Esperanza , Gallardo Castro Ana Isabel
Published: October 2024

El objetivo principal de este trabajo se centra en evaluar las habilidades sociales de 37 niños, niñas y adolescentes en acogimiento residencial, participantes en el programa Familias Colaboradoras, desde su propia perspectiva y la de sus 37 educadores y educadoras. Los chicos y chicas percibieron tener mayores habilidades sociales, en comparación con la valoración de sus educadores, aunque las puntuaciones de ambos informantes se situaron en la media de la población general. Una mejor autopercepción de las habilidades sociales se relacionó con un mayor apoyo social de las familias colaboradoras, así como con una mayor satisfacción vital. En base a estos resultados, se discuten algunas implicaciones prácticas para la intervención en acogimiento residencial y para el desarrollo del recurso de la colaboración familiar.