bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IJCM_153A: Assessment of cancer awareness and health-seeking behavior among residents of Arang block, Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
Authors: Markam Geetika , Verma Nirmal , Gupta Shubhra A. , Jaiswal Prashant
Published: April 2024

Background:

Cancer is one of the major NCDs and is emerging as a major health problem globally with over 10 million new cases and more than 6 million deaths (12% of all deaths) every year. Cancer has become one of the leading causes of death in India. There is need to document public awareness about the early warning signs of cancer, its risk factors and health seeking behavior in Arang block of Raipur district, Chhattisgarh.

Objective:

To find out the status of cancer awareness and health-seeking behavior among residents of Arang block, Raipur, Chhattisgarh.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted among residents of Arang block of Raipur district, Chhattisgarh during August-October 2023. The study sample size was 288. Face-to-face interview was done through a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered into the Microsoft excel spread sheet and analysis is being done by using statistical software.

Results:

This study showed that nearly 114(40%) in the age group of 21-30 years and majority of the participants belong to low SES 198(68%), awareness of warning signs was low, where pain (43%), swelling or lump (41%), and weight loss (37%) were the most recognized symptoms. The most commonly reported barriers were the following: being too scared (65.6%), worrying about the other things (60.76%) and too busy to go for the treatment (55.9%).

Conclusion:

The study has identified low levels of awareness of cancer warning signs, a wide range of barriers to attendance and a high level of anticipated delay in seeking help for possible cancer symptoms.
IJCM_155A: Socio-demographic profile of patients with Dermatophytoses in tertiary care hospitals in Coastal South India
Authors: Joshi Anadhi , Mithra Prasanna , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh , Nayak Kashinath , Mudaliyar Kavya V , Tripathi Kriti S , Kondeti Kritin , Dhakshinamoorthy Srinath
Published: April 2024

Background:

Dermatophytoses or Dermatophytic infections are diseases characterized by the infection of keratinized tissues. This study was done to study the epidemiological profile and factors associated with Dermatophytosis and the awareness towards the same among patients with such infections.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was carried out in the tertiary hospitals affiliated with Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data, which was entered and analysed using SPSS version 25. The results were expressed as proportions. To compare the groups, the Chi-square test was used and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Out of the total 118 patients who were included in the study, 57% (n=67) were males. The mean age of the participants was 33.93 years (S.D-12.76). According to our study, among the 118 participants studied, 31% (n=37) of the infected cases belonged to the low-income group (Upper lower), and 63% (n=74) of infected cases belonged to the middle-income group. The study population attributed the occurrence of dermatophytosis to poor skin hygiene (24.5%) followed by occupational exposure (20.1%). A higher proportion, 73% of the patients have increased exposure to water, soil/organic matter, or both. Overall, 90.6% (n=107) were unaware of the complications of the disease and 83.9% (n=99) patients didn’t know of the safety practices followed to prevent it.

Conclusion:

The occurrence of dermatophytosis is the highest among middle and lower socioeconomic strata people. Poor hygiene, contact with patients and reduced immunity are important risk factors for the disease.
IJCM_156A: A Cross-sectional study on the Prevalence of Risk Factors of Breast Cancer and Awareness of Breast Cancer Screening in Women of age group 30 to 70 years in Karamadai Block of Coimbatore Health Unit District
Authors: Divya V , Maheshwari Uma R , Damodaran V
Published: April 2024

Background:

Breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women globally, recorded over 2.26 million new cases and almost 685,000 deaths in the same year. Evidence indicates breast cancer risk links to both modifiable and non-modifiable lifestyle factors. Promoting education and access to screening programs is crucial for early detection and intervention in breast cancer. This approach ultimately enhances the effectiveness of prevention efforts and reduces complications and mortality of breast cancer.

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of breast cancer and to assess the awareness of breast cancer screening in women of age group 30-70 years in Karamadai Block of Coimbatore Health Unit District.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 women in Coimbatore using a semi-structured questionnaire and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21 version.

Results:

Out of 150 participants, the mean age of subjects was 50 Â± 11 years, with 98% being married women. The prevalence of modifiable and non- modifiable risk factors of breast cancer were found to be 61% and 9% respectively. 54% were aware of government facility-based breast cancer screening. But only 25% had undergone screening for breast cancer. Individuals who underwent breast cancer screening in the last one year found to be aware of breast cancer screening compared to those who did not. (OR 2.5, 95% CI 2.02-3.18).

Conclusion:

Awareness and screening for breast cancer are low among the study participants. Women =30 years of age attending all outpatient departments in any health facility should be educated regarding the importance of screening of breast cancer.
IJCM_157A: Knowledge, attitude and disposal practices of unused and expired medicines among general public in Kundrathur primary health centre area of Madras Medical College.
Authors: Jayabharathi P.C , Sudharshini S
Published: April 2024

Background:

Unfortunately, not all medications that go in to the hand of the consumers get consumed; large quantities remain unused or expire which is a public safety issue, leading to potential accidental poisoning, misuse, and overdose. Although the National Formulary of India, specifies guidelines for the proper disposal of medicines, yet most of the people are not aware of these guidelines and the importance to follow them. Even though there are many studies exploring the fate of unused and expired drugs, most of them are conducted in healthcare setups like hospitals. There is a need to explore the awareness of disposal practices among General Public.

Objective:

1) To assess the knowledge, attitude and disposal practices of unused and expired medicines. 2) To assess perception regarding measures to be taken to improve awareness for disposal practices of unused and expired medicines.

Methodology:

Community based Cross-sectional study conducted among 230 participants in Kundrathur Primary Health Centre area. Systematic random sampling method was used to select individual household. Data collected through face-face interview using Prevalidated structured questionnaire, entered in Epicollect5 and analyzed in SPSS software.

Results:

A total of 232individuals participated in the study, of which 180(78%) were female,182(80%) were literate, and the participant’s mean age was 42.7±17. It was observed that 43%,91% and 13%of the participants exhibited good knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practice. The majority of individuals (78% & 89%) preferred to dispose of unused and expired medicines in the household trash. Most participants said that mass media, including radio, television, and newspapers, might raise awareness.

Conclusion:

This study shows that public awareness and behaviour about the proper disposal of unused and expired drugs need to be improved. The implementation of drug take-back initiatives will enable people to securely return any unused or expired medicines.
IJCM_16A: Calcium supplementation in pregnancy: adherence, determinants and barriers
Authors: Valli Krithika R , Maheswari Uma R
Published: April 2024

Background:

Calcium intake of 1gram/day in pregnancy reduces the risk of pre-ecclampsia and preterm birth. Universal free calcium supplementation program was started throughout India at considerable cost to the government. Although coverage is high, this program is only effective if there is good adherence among mothers, and this is unknown.

Objectives:

1. To estimate the prevalence of adherence to calcium tablets among mothers attending antenatal clinic at Kundrathur PHC. 2. To identify the determinants and barriers to Calcium tablet adherence.

Methodology:

A cross sectional mixed methods study was conducted among mothers attending antenatal clinic at Kundrathur PHC during November 2023. Mothers with >20 weeks gestation were recruited consecutively. They were interviewed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Barriers to adherence was elicited by freelisting and analysed with Visual Anthropac.

Results:

89 mothers completed the study. The participants had a mean age of 25.29+4.275 years. Majority of mothers were literate, and primi gravida (57.3%). Mean MMAS score was 4.98+1.79(95% CI 4.61, 5.36) out of maximum possible 8. Adherence was low among 69.7%, medium in 23.6% and high in only 6.7%. Only 3.4% mothers were aware of the role of calcium in hypertension. There was a significant association between adherence and level of education (X2 37.422, df 8, p<0.001) and having a support person (OR 11.5 95%CI 2.568, 51.502). Major barriers identified were forgetfulness (S 0.462), big tablets (S 0.205), difficulty in swallowing (S 0.130), timing (S.077), and vomiting (S 0.077).

Conclusion:

Adherence to Calcium supplementation is low among mothers. Educating mothers regarding importance and role of calcium may ensure better results of the program. Forgetfulness is the major barrier, and having a designated support partner in pregnancy, who helps in reminding and giving supplements, can help improve the adherence.
IJCM_163A: A qualitative analysis of awareness regarding type-2 diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients in selected field practice areas of a tertiary care hospital in Mangaluru
Authors: Kumar Meera P , Rashmi Anusha , Ummer Farzana
Published: April 2024

Background:

The prevalence of diabetes is high and growing worldwide, especially in developing countries like India. Over 25 million Indians are prediabetics while an estimated 77 million Indians over the age of 18 have the illness. More than half of the population will have health issues if diabetes is not detected and treated right away. Diabetes awareness, assessment, and practice on an individual basis are essential for early identification and efficient care.

Objective:

To assess the knowledge regarding diabetes among type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients in the field practice areas of a tertiary care hospital in Mangaluru and to explore their socio-demographic characteristics.

Methodology:

This is a facility-based, cross-sectional study among a minimum of 40 Type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients from the field practice areas of a tertiary care hospital in Mangaluru. Systematic qualitative method of free listing and pile sorting using interview guide is employed to assess the knowledge while a questionnaire is used to assess socio-demographic profile. Free listing analysis of transcribed data is done using Smith’s S or Salience Index while descriptive statistics is used to calculate the mean, standard deviation and the frequencies.

Results:

In this study, we found out that the majority of participants think the general reasons leading on to diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus are either tiredness/body ache or by blood/ doctor check-up and the reason for being diagnosed were mostly perceived to be unknown or due to tension or consumption of sugar/cool drinks. Significant proportion of participants were observed to show adherence to frequent follow-up of monthly once.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, though the considerable portion of Type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients adhere to regular follow-up, the knowledge regarding the reasons leading on to the diagnosis or perceived reason for being diagnosed is still lacking. Prompt initiatives are therefore needed to promote awareness towards diabetes among patients.
IJCM_167A: A cross sectional study on the preparedness and mitigation strategies for the second wave of COVID-19 among health science students in Mangalore
Authors: Rekha T , Noushad Alen Mohammad , Saini Shivam , Gupta Kushal , Parmar Sarthak , Senapati Anshuman , Mishra Barnana , Rai Shivi , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

The second wave of COVID-19 severely affected the healthcare workforce, including doctors, nurses, public servants, and medical students, even though the system was better prepared than the first wave.

Objectives:

To assess the preparedness and preventive measures of the health science students towards the second wave of COVID-19.

Methodology:

The study has been carried out in Kasturba Medical College (KMC) and Manipal College of Dental Sciences (MCODS), Mangalore, after getting approval from the institutional ethics committee (IEC) and concerned deans of institutions. The responses to the questionnaires have been taken in for analysis which constitutes three parts. The chi-square test was applied to compare the variables between medical and other health sciences students considering the significant P value less than 0.05.

Results:

The overall readiness regarding the surge in COVID-19 cases in India among our study participants was 99.3% which was highest among AHS students. Many of the students in the study showed passion and were prepared to assist health professionals at Health and Triage centres, with the highest distribution in AHS (97.2%), BDS (87%), and MBBS (85.8%). They believed that adequate protective gear and infection testing were needed for an effective return to the clinical setting.

Conclusion:

Ultimately, the health science student population in the study settings possesses sufficient resources and knowledge to combat the second wave of COVID-19. However, a certain shortcoming remains in the form of laxity toward preventive measures and social exclusion.
IJCM_168A: Cardiovascular disorder risk among the police personnel in Ernakulam District, Kerala, India
Authors: Shaji Shibin M , Aswathy S
Published: April 2024

Background:

Appropriate assessment and management of cardiovascular risk is vital in reducing the occurrence of fatal and non fatal cardiovascular events like stroke or myocardial infarction in high risk occupational group such as Police personnel. Several studies have reported high prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as hypertension, high blood lipids, physical inactivity, obesity, positive family history etc among police personnel

Objective:

To estimate the 10-year risk of cardiovascular events (fatal or non-fatal) among police personnel in Ernakulam City, Kerala, India

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was carried out among police personnel in various police stations of the district. All the police stations in the district were listed and selected randomly using the MS Excel random number generator. After getting prior permission from the concerned authorities in the Police department, Police personnel above the age of 40 years in Ernakulam city were screened for CVD risk using the WHO – non-laboratory-based CVD risk chart. Data was entered into Microsoft Office Excel and analysed using Jamovi version 2.3.28

Results:

Out of 246 participants studied, the mean age was 48.4 + 3.97. Less than half of the participants (44.3%) were Civil Police Officers (CPO) or Senior Civil Police Officer (SCPO). About a third of the participants (32.1%) were having CVD risk in yellow category (5-<10%), 3.3% in orange category (10-<20%) and majority (64.6%) in green category (<5%). On multivariate analysis, age>50 years (OR – 3.36[1.73,6.5]) and duration of service>20 years (OR – 4.9[2.35,10.23] were the independent determinants of higher CVD risk (yellow and orange category)

Conclusion:

About 35% of the participants belonged to higher risk category (yellow and orange) and duration of service>20 years, age>50 years were the independent determinants
IJCM_17A: Infant and young child feeding practices among Refugees in Gangavalli block of Salem district: cross-sectional study.
Authors: Soundaryalaxmi K , Priya Kumar Caroline
Published: April 2024

Background:

Refugees often face worse health outcomes due to barriers including language, cultural differences, inaccessibility to health care services. World Health Organization works around the globe to secure the health of refugees & migrants and to achieve universal health coverage through implementation of “Health and Migration Programme” (2020). Children are more vulnerable & easily prone to malnutrition in refugee & migrant population. Infant and Young child feeding practice is a key area to improve child survival and promote healthy growth.

Objectives:

1. To estimate the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding of refugee children under two years of age. 2. To determine the factors influencing the feeding practices of children under 2 years among refugee children.

Methodology:

A Cross-sectional study was conducted among 97 refugee children under two years of age in Gangavalli block of Salem district over period of 1month (September 2023). Data collection was done using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire and statistical analysis done-IBM SPSS Version 21.

Results:

Early initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 hour of birth) was done in 53.6% children (52 out of 97). Only 26.8% children received Exclusive breastfeeding for more than 5 months of age. 64.9% children initiated on complementary feeding around 6-8 months of age. 76.3% children received semi-solid foods/soft foods during weaning. Only 5% children have Minimum Diet Diversity.

Conclusion:

The low rates of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for over 5 months of age highlight a concerning trend. Additionally, the delayed initiation of complementary feeding with minimal diet diversity in majority of children suggests a critical need for targeted interventions to improve and promote appropriate infant and young child feeding practices within this vulnerable population.
IJCM_173A: A Cross-Sectional study to determine the role of social media influencers and online food delivery platforms as a risk factor for obesity among adults in Rural Perambalur
Authors: Christopher Bristly R , Abishek J
Published: April 2024

Background:

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Around 2.8 million people dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese. The Time spend on social media and other online platforms has remarkably increased and also the prevalence of Noncommunicable disease. The Food related decisions influenced by social media has detrimental effects on the health.

Objectives:

1. To assess the role of social media influencers and online food delivery platforms on BMI among adults of Perambalur 2. To determine the association between social media influencers and online food delivery platforms with obesity

Methodology:

We conducted a cross-sectional study in 399 adults of Perambalur district from March 2023 – May 2023. Consent was obtained. A Semi-structured self-reported questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, second section consist of impact of social media influencers on food consumption and third section consist of questions related to food ordering and online food delivery app usage. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23.

Results:

There is a significant association between people who use food delivery apps in higher frequency and obesity. 53.3% of people who are obese have higher frequency of usage of food delivery apps. There is a significant association between usage of social media and obesity. 21.7% of people who are obese have higher usage of social media.

Conclusion:

The increasing usage of social media and online food delivery platforms has lead to easy access to foods and an increase in prevalence of obesity and other medical complications. So proper recommendations should be made to prevent the younger generations from such diseases.
IJCM_177A: A study of sleep quality and associated factors amongst type II diabetes mellitus patients in a rural hospital in Goa
Authors: Robin Ronald , Silva Vanita Pinto Da
Published: April 2024

Background:

Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) often experience a reduced quality of life, primarily attributed to a multitude of clinical effects. Among these effects, sleep disturbances present a significant challenge, as individuals with type 2 DM frequently encounter difficulties in maintaining healthy sleep patterns due to physiological imbalances. However, there is limited published research on this issue in Goa prompting the initiation of this study.

Objectives:

1. To estimate the proportion of poor sleep quality among type II diabetes mellitus patients attending OPD of a rural hospital in Goa 2. To study the factors associated with poor sleep quality among type II diabetes mellitus patients attending OPD of a rural hospital in Goa

Methodology:

A Cross sectional study was conducted among type II diabetes mellitus patients attending OPD of a rural hospital in Goa. A semi structured questionnaire based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to collect data. At a prevalence of poor sleep quality among type II diabetes mellitus patients 12%,95%confidence interval,5% absolute error the sample size was 200.Systematic random sampling was employed and interviews were conducted for data collection. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software, with results presented as means, frequencies, percentages, and associations assessed through chi-square test.

Results:

In this study of 200 subjects, the majority were above 55 years old (63%) (p=0.04), and males made up 69.5%(p=0.03) of the population. About 35% had education up to the secondary level, and 54.5% were unemployed. A significant proportion of subjects were married (88.5%) (p=<.05). A significant proportion of subjects had diabetes (21.5%) (p=<0.001) for over 10 years. Half of the subjects (48%) were overweight, while 23% were obese.120 subjects (60%) had a PSQI score ≥5 i.e. they were poor sleepers while 80(40%) had a PSQI score < 5 i.e. they were good sleepers.

Conclusion:

In this study, a high proportion of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were found to have poor quality of sleep. Further, subjects with prolonged duration of diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities had poorer quality of sleep. Thus, its concluded that sleep quality is affected in patients with diabetes mellitus.
IJCM_178A: Clinico-epidemiological profile of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients in tertiary care hospitals of Mangalore
Authors: Pattnaik Anshuman , Mithra Prasanna , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh , Tyagi Prakshi , Tripathi Kriti , Prasad Meghna Rai , Wahid Abdul Hassan , Astha
Published: April 2024

Background:

Global health agencies have recognized the rising threat of non-communicable disease (NCD) as a major contributor to preventable disease and premature mortality in low- and middle-income countries. This study was done to study the Clinico-epidemiological and socio-demographic profile of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients admitted in the selected tertiary care hospitals of Mangalore.

Methodology:

This record-based retrospective study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. The records of all the ACS patients who were admitted to the hospitals during the study period were included in the study

Results:

There was a total of 646 patients, who were admitted with signs and symptoms of ACS to the study hospitals. Among them, 72% were from Dakshina Kannada District and 41.5% (n=258) were residents of Mangalore. Overall, the highest proportion (90.7%) of subjects was in the 41-80 years of age group and 80% of the study population was consuming a predominantly non-vegetarian diet, among both genders. Among the females, 84% were semiskilled workers and half of the male subjects were Professionals. The most common presenting clinical feature among the ACS patients was chest pain (81.4%), both among males (82.2%) and females (80%).

Conclusion:

The majority of the ACS patients admitted to the study hospitals were residents of the same District. The levels of ACS were higher among males, those with Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension. The majority of the ACS patients were non-vegetarians. Also, the increasing age had a higher proportion of ACS.
IJCM_179A: Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among M.B.B.S students.
Authors: Nigam Manas , Verma Prashant , Gupta Preeti
Published: April 2024

Background:

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in India. Medical students are vulnerable to overweight and obesity because of the sedentary lifestyle which is frequently adopted due to massive work burden, erratic food timings and exposure to stressful situations. Obesity is a well known risk factor for diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver disease, gall stones and osteoarthritis. Hence, this study is taken up to assess prevalence of overweight and obesity among M.B.B.S students.

Objective:

To assess prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors among M.B.B.S students in N.S.C.B Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.

Methodology:

A descriptive cross - sectional study is conducted among medical students of N.S.C.B Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Socio demographic details are recorded using structured proforma. Anthropometric and clinical parameters are measured using standard techniques. The data will be analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical analysis will be done by using appropriate statistical test.

Results:

Out of 310 medical students 61% (189) were males and 39% (121) were females. Prevalence of overweight and obesity according to WHO classification of BMI, was 14.33% and 3.34% respectively and according to Asia Pacific classification, it was 9.7 % and 17.66 % respectively. Significant association was found between overweight/obesity and eating junk food and carbonated drinks (p<0.05) and habit of munching between meals (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 14.33% and 3.34% respectively among medical students of NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, MP.
IJCM_182A: Behavioural risk factors among under graduate medical students in North Kerala
Authors: Smitha M , Jayakrishnan T , Sruthikrishna P , Lakshmanan Anjali , Mohandas Bindu
Published: April 2024

Background:

The World Health Organisation highlights that 60% of the morbidity and mortality from non communicable diseases are linked to lifestyle behavioural patterns .Primary risk factors include high fat and low fibre diet, lack of exercise, prolonged screen time, insufficient sleep, and the adoption of new habit and addictions. Since medical students are particularly prone to these risk factors, it is crucial to evaluate their lifestyle behaviours, recognising their role as future healthcare providers

Objectives:

1. To assess anthropometric risk factors among the study population. 2. To assess the behavioural risk factors among the study population.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was undertaken involving 150 undergraduate medical students in a private medical student in a private medical college. Data was collected through self administered questionnaire containing demographic details of the students, life style factors like diet, physical activity, screen time, habits and addictions. Data collected was entered into excel and analysed using SPSS 25.

Results:

Mean age of the study population was 22.3 (±1.5) years. Majority of the study participants were females (72.2%). Out of150 participants, 94.4% adhere to a non-vegetarian diet in which 15% reported daily consumption of soft drinks and 29% consume junk food daily. The participants who were overweight was found to be 33.4% in which 38.8% of the subjects are physically inactive and 22.2% reported inadequate sleep. Around 60 % of the participants use mobile phone most of the time.

Conclusion:

Behavioural risk factors such as unhealthy diet, inadequate sleep pattern, physical inactivity were prevalent among the undergraduate medical students.
IJCM_183A: Assessment of treatment adherence among type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Akashnath R , Priya S , Muthuraman Kannan
Published: April 2024

Background:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem in India affecting around 77 million people above the age of 18 years. Poor adherence to medication regimen increases the probability of micro and macrovascular complications among them thereby increasing the mortality and morbidity. Therefore, assessing adherence is the need of the hour to tide over this crisis and hence present study was conducted

Objectives: :

1. To assess the prevalence of treatment adherence among Type 2 DM patients >18years attending tertiary care hospital, Madurai 2. To identify the factors associated with treatment adherence among the study population

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 208 adult Type 2 DM patients with minimum duration of 6 months attending tertiary care hospital in Madurai during October 2023 by consecutive sampling. Sample size was calculated based on a study in Delhi in 2019. After obtaining informed consent, patients were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic details and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), a standard, validated questionnaire to assess treatment adherence. Data was analysed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 53±10.92 years and majority of them were males (54.8%). 50.5% received primary education and 38.9% belonged to class III Socio-Economic Status (SES). More than half (66.8%) had duration of diabetes between 6months to 3.5 years. 58.2% had good adherence while 29.8% and 12% had moderate and poor adherence respectively. Statistically significant association was not found between adherence and age, gender, SES and duration of diabetes except for the level of education (p value: 0.002). Factors associated with poor adherence were forgetfulness (92%) and being busy (64%).

Conclusion:

Sustained IEC activities are needed at all levels of health care to further improve the treatment adherence and also addressing the reasons for non-adherence
IJCM_184A: A Study on Impact of Addiction to Social Networking Sites on Psychological Well Being of Undergraduate Medical Students of GMC, Siddipet
Authors: Neerudu Sreenivas , Bhavani Santhoshi K , Snehika
Published: April 2024

Background:

India is the third largest country to use social networking sites. A social networking site is a website where a user can create a profile and build a personal network that connects him/her to other users. Social networking sites are increasingly affecting the psychological health of teenagers and young adults and so found that addiction to online social networking sites has several psychiatric disorders, including depressive symptoms, anxiety, and low self-esteem.

Objectives:

To find out the addiction to social networking sites and assess the psychological well-being of undergraduate medical students of GMC, Siddipet

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study is being conducted in the Government medical college, Siddipet for two months among undergraduate medical students by universal sampling. The self-administered, pre-validated questionnaire, using Ryff’s scale and Bergan scale, for psychological well- being and social networking site addiction respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done in SPSS using appropriate statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of 806 students of various years of MBBS participated in the study, Males were 301 and females were 505 Among them, out of the total 806 students studied, the psychological well-being was found to be low in 6(0.74%) and moderate in 597(74.07%). In the present study, out of the total 806 medical students studied, 148(18.36%) were found to have social networking site addiction, out of which males were 52(35.13%) and females were 96(64.86%). Out of 148 medical students who were found to have social networking site addiction, psychological well-being was found to be low in 4(2.70%) and moderate in 111(75%) and the p value was found to be statistically significant at 0.007. When the psychological well-being was compared in students between those who had social networking site addiction and those who didn’t had social networking site addiction, psychological well-being was comparatively less (0.74% vs 2.70% in Low psychological well-being and (75% vs 74.07%) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p value = 0.007).

Conclusion:

A significant percentage of medical students (18.36%) were found to have addiction to social networking sites in our study because of the widespread availability of gadgets. Psychological well-being was found to be comparatively less in students who had social networking site addiction compared to those who didn’t had the addiction.
IJCM_185A: Prevalence and Predictors of hypertension among adult population of rural health training center of a medical college in central karnataka- A Cross Sectional study
Authors: Hebballi Pooja B , Aurupa MS , Nitin SG
Published: April 2024

Background:

Cardiovascular Diseases [CVDs] are the most common cause of death globally. Among the risk factors for CVDs, hypertension (HTN) is associated with the strongest evidence of causation. In India, only 12% people with HTN have their Blood Pressure under control. The Knowledge about HTN and risk factors plays a major role in its prevention and management. With limited studies in rural India about the same, this study was conducted.

Objectives:

1] To estimate the prevalence of hypertension in the study area 2] To determine the risk factors for hypertension among hypertensives of study area 3] To assess knowledge about hypertension among the hypertensives of study area.

Methodology:

A Survey on screening for Hypertension was conducted in rural health training center Avargolla village of Davangere district, Karnataka. A Community based cross sectional study was conducted among hypertensive adult population aged 30yrs and above through Universal sampling technique. Data was collected by in-person interview using questionnaire on risk factors, knowledge about the causation, consequence and prevention of the disease and by physical measurements of BMI and Waist to Hip ration. Data was analysed using of SPSS software.

Results:

Majority of the study participants were females 75%. More than 55% had no family history of hypertension. Out of 90% who were on treatment, less than 77% were on regular medications. Diabetes was the most common associated co-morbidity seen. 86% of the study population consumed less than 5 servings of fruits & vegetables per day and <600METS of physical activity. Majority of them reported as high salt intake and stress to be major causative factor.

Conclusion:

Healthy weight and good knowledge on HTN play a major role in the management of disease. Most of the participants had no family history of disease signifying the first generational onset of the disease.
IJCM_186A: A cross sectional study to assess the prevalence of usage of online health apps and sleep quality among general population residing in Rajnandgaon city.
Authors: Vaishnav Shivangi , Verma Nirmal , Jaiswal Prashant
Published: April 2024

Background:

The purpose of this study is to examine and determine the design and content elements of health app that facilitate usage from user perception.

Objectives:

The object of the study is to find out the perception and usage of health app and the quality of sleep among general population.

Methodology:

A study conducted in Rajnandgaon with a mixture of smartphone owner of various socio-economic status. The participant was asked about their general and health specific mobile app usage and their sleep cycle.

Results:

87.9% of the study participant were Smartphone user, out of which 48.6 % uses mobile health app to improve their health and out of which 51.4% would like to receive information about a healthy lifestyle in their smartphone.60% of smartphone user were male, 97.7% were Hindu and 71.1% were married. Among all user 97.2% were from class III and above.

Conclusion:

The regular use of medical apps on mobile devices is quite common among general population residing in Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India. The increasing usage of medical apps on smart devices is an established reality. The present study reveals that majority of population were aware of the Health apps. Many of them were willing to continue using it as it motivates them to do their physical activity regularly.
IJCM_187A: Prevalence and risk factors of childhood obesity among school-going children in a metropolitan city of india.
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Qureshi Kamran , Qureshi Saniya
Published: April 2024

Background:

Childhood obesity is a grave public health concern in the 21st century. It is becoming a widespread problem in low and middle-income countries, particularly in urban areas. Childhood obesity is a precursor to metabolic syndrome, poor physical health, mental disorders, respiratory problems, and glucose intolerance, which can all continue into adulthood. Developing countries like India face a unique problem of a ‘double burden’, where undernutrition and obesity co-exist.

Objectives:

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight/ obesity among school-going children and to identify the modifiable risk factors associated with it.

Methodology:

An epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted in a private school located in the Western suburbs of Mumbai. The study included all students from the 1st to 10th standard of the secondary section, who were willing to participate. Before the study, necessary permissions were obtained from the school authorities and parental consent was taken. The study was conducted over 4 days in October 2023. Data was collected through interviews using a pre-structured questionnaire. The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

Among 521 participants, the Prevalence of Overweight is 14.77% and Obesity is 6.71% in our study. Statistical significance was found between BMI and Smartphone usage, BMI and Occupation of Mother.

Conclusion:

Dietary factors have always been associated with overweight & obesity however our study reveals that other factors also play a pivotal role in development of obesity which is an important risk factor for Non- Communicable Diseases further in adulthood.
IJCM_188A: Exploring Factors Influencing Medication Non-Adherence Among Urban Residents with Non-Communicable Diseases in Chengalpattu District: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yuvashree T. , Venkatesan Murugan
Published: April 2024

Background:

Medication non-adherence is a modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). WHO estimated the average rate of medication adherence to be around 50% in developed countries and to be lower in the developing countries.

Objectives:

To find the factors influencing medication non-adherence among patients diagnosed with NCDs in the urban areas.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 patients visiting Urban Health Training Centre, MAPIMS. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, self-care practices, access to health care and family support to medication adherence. The outcome of the study was medication adherence measured using the eight-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8).

Results:

Among the 200 participants with one or more non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the result found the prevalence of poor medication adherence rate to be 53.5%. Poor medication adherence was more prevalent in the older age group (39%, n=78), female patients (57.5%, n=115), with primary education (49.5%, n=99), unemployed individuals (58.5%, n=117), those without regular physical activities (63.5%, n=127) and classified as obese (43%, n=86).

Conclusion:

The study concluded that the prevalence of poor medication adherence was more common among NCD patients and the need to develop effective strategies to enhance medication adherence according to patient’s requirements through a holistic approach, by strengthening the primary health care system to achieve better health outcomes.
IJCM_189A: Prevalence of Substance use and associated factors among Undergraduate Medical students in a medical school in Jammu City of UT of J&K
Authors: Manhas Sakshi , Gupta Rajiv Kumar
Published: April 2024

Background:

Globally, the available literature indicates a disturbing and increasing trend of high levels of alcohol use, illicit drug use and misuse of prescription psychoactive drugs among the medical students. This interferes with the learning of medical students because of the cognitive and psychological impact the substance use can have on an individual and is also a cause of concern because of the direct negative impact substance use can have on the safety of patients, not to mention the conduct and efficiency of future doctors.

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence of substance use and the association of various socio-demographic factors associated with substance use among Undergraduate Medical students.

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 482 Undergraduate Medical students pursuing M.B.B.S. at GMC Jammu from September to mid-November 2023. First of all the socio-demographic data was collected, followed by an assessment of substance use. It was done using the WHO ASSIST questionnaire, which was distributed to the participants in electronic format (Google form). The participants were instructed to read and answer each question honestly and to the best of their knowledge. Proportions with 95% Confidence Interval were used to summarize the substance use.

Results:

A total of 482 Medical undergraduates participated in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 20 years (± 1.34). The substance with the most prevalent use was alcohol (12.2%). Tobacco, sedatives and cannabis consumption was reported to be 6%, 1.9% and 1.5% respectively among the respondents.

Conclusion:

Despite being aware of the potential hazards, medical students continue substance abuse, which is indicative of a lack of awareness about one’s health as well as increased peer and academic pressure and a lack of parental supervision. Proper counselling with well-planned policies should be implemented to address the evil of substance abuse among aspiring doctors.
IJCM_190A: A cross sectional study to find out risk factors for non-communicable diseases among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh.
Authors: Chhediaha Vibha , Verma Nirmal , Jaiswal Prashant
Published: April 2024

Background:

In India, due to high rates of urbanization and economic improvement, there is a shift in disease spectrum from communicable to non-communicable diseases. In a study made by khan etal 2015 at Bilapsur, Chhattisgarh prevalence of stroke was 67.6% due to infarct and 32.4 % had hemorrhage (ICH). The percentages of young stroke (< 45 yrs) were 12.5% (n=35). About 7.1% (n=20) and 5.3% (n=15) in males and females respectively. Thus, early detection will reduce the burden and cost of diseases in the family, community and on the nation.

Objectives:

A cross sectional study to find out risk factors for non- communicable diseases among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh.

Methodology:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Raipur City of Chhattisgarh state during the month October 23-January 2024. A pre-designed, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Systematic Random sampling technique was adopted to select the 350 Study participants.

Results:

The majority of subjects were between the ages of 30 and 40. Females constituted 55.3% of the subjects, while males accounted for 44.7%. Additionally, 45.6% of participants had completed primary schooling. Preobesity was observed in 58.8% of males and 51.7% of females.84.7% of study subjects were not engaging in physical activity, 89.1% were consuming an unhealthy diet, 97.6% were using tobacco, and 94.5% were consuming alcohol, all of which contributed to a raised BMI. There is a significant association between tobacco and alcohol use with BMI, where p-values are 0.001 and 0.005, respectively, which is <0.005 and df is 01 for both.

Conclusion:

As per this study, Pre-obese were found in 58.8% of males and 51.7% of females Awareness regarding healthy behavioral pattern and healthy diet should be inculcated in population through various awareness activity like mass media camping and increase taxes on unhealthy food items.
IJCM_192A: Quality of life and the factors affecting it among type 2 diabetics in the urban field practice area of a government medical college, Bengaluru - A cross- sectional study
Authors: Shekar Sushma C , Kishore SG , Ranganath TS
Published: April 2024

Background:

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease marked by high blood glucose levels. Type-2 diabetes has been far more common during the last three decades worldwide. Approximately 422 million individuals worldwide and 77 million in India suffer from diabetes; most of them reside in low- and middle-income nations, Quality of Life (QoL) is how good or bad a person feels their life to be. It measures physical, psychological, and social well-being; thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the QoL among type-2 diabetics residing in the urban field practice area of a Government medical college, Bengaluru.

Objectives:

To assess the quality of life and the factors affecting it in type 2 diabetics in the urban field practice area of a Government medical college, Bengaluru.

Methodology:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 diabetics residing in the urban field practice area of a Government medical college, Bengaluru, from August 2023 to November 2023. With a total sample size of 173, Study participants were interviewed using the WHOQOL– BREF scale to elicit quality of life, and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit the socio-demographic and behavioral profile. The data collected was entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS 21.0.

Results:

For WHOQOL-BREF, the mean scores for all the domains were physical (51.5), psychological (45.5), social (36.0), and environmental (40.5) In addition, the age, duration of diabetes, associated co-morbidities, and regular medication intake in patients showed a highly significant correlation with QoL.

Conclusion:

The Quality of life of type 2 diabetics was poor to average. Hence, to improve the quality of life and to raise awareness among them, public health initiatives and patient education are crucial.