bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Assembly of Platinum (II)-Metallopeptide Nanostructures Inhibits Energy Homeostasis and Cellular Metabolism
Authors: Zhou Zhixuan , Maxeiner Konrad , Moscariello Pierpaolo , Xiang Siyuan , Wu Yingke , Whitfield Colette J. , Xu Lujuan , Kaltbeitzel Anke , Han Shen , Mücke David , Qi Haoyuan , Wagner Manfred , Kaiser Ute , Landfester Katharina , Lieberwirth Ingo , Ng David Y.W. , Weil Tanja
Published: May 2022

Nanostructure-based functions are omnipresent in nature and essential for the diversity of life. Unlike small molecules, which are often inhibitors of enzymes or biomimetics with established methods of elucidation, we show that functions of nanoscale structures in cells are complex and can implicate system-level effects such as the regulation of energy and redox homeostasis. Herein, we design a platinum (II) containing tripeptide that assembles into intracellular fibrillar nanostructures upon molecular rearrangement in the presence of endogenous H2O2. The formed nanostructures blocked metabolic functions, including aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby shutting down ATP production. As a consequence, ATP-dependent actin formation and glucose metabolite- dependent histone deacetylase activity are downregulated. We demonstrate that assembly-driven nanomaterials offer a rich avenue to achieve broad-spectrum bioactivities that could provide new opportunities in drug discovery.
C-H functionalization of heterocycles with triplet carbenes via an unexpected 1,2-alkyl radical migration
Authors: Empel Claire , Jana Sripati , Ciszewski Łukasz , Zawada Katarzyna , Pei Chao , Gryko Dorota , Koenigs Rene M.
Published: May 2022

The C-H functionalization of indole heterocycles constitutes a key strategy to leverage the synthesis of endogenous signaling molecules such as tryptamine or tryptophol. Herein, we report on the photocatalytic reaction of ethyl diazoacetate with indole, which shows an unusual solvent dependency. While C2-functionalization occurs under protic conditions, the use of aprotic solvents leads to a complete reversal of selectivity and exclusive C3-functionalization occurs. To rationalize for this unexpected reactivity switch, we have conducted detailed theoretical and experimental studies, which suggest the participation of a triplet carbene intermediate that undergoes initial C2-functionalization. A distinct cationic [1,2]-alkyl radical migration then leads to formation of C3-functionalized indole. We conclude with the application of this photocatalytic reaction to access oxidized tryptophol derivatives including gram-scale synthesis and derivatization reactions. (46 examples, up to 93% yield).
In OVO Assessment of Antiviral Potential of Aloe Barbadensis Miller against Newcastle Disease Virus
Authors: Solomon
Published: May 2022

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When is 3 plus 1 equal to 3.1? Suggested methods of examining wage settlements to determine their annual rate of adjustment
Authors: Ansell Jim , Brosnan Peter , Harbridge Raymond
Published: May 2022

One focus in the current debate over labour market "flexibility" has been the extent to which there is a dispersion of wage settlements. But determining the degree of dispersion is no easy task. With the abandonment of the "12 month rule", which had applied in the legislation from 1974, a proportion of documents now have terms greater or less than 12 months. Harbridge (1988) found that 13 percent of the documents negotiated in the 1986-87 wage round had terms other than 12 months with a range from 3.5 to 17.5 months.
The Maryna Grymych’s novel “Do you hear, Margo?..” as an artistic representation of author’s scientific discourse
Authors: Pliushchyk Oksana
Published: May 2022

Autobiographism as a literary genre began to enter the cultural discourse from the middle of the 20th century. Its canons (form, content, etc.) have not yet been defined, and the flexibility of the term provides ample opportunities for applying individual approaches through the prism of the author’s own experience. In the context of the study of this phenomenon, attention is drawn to the novel by Maryna Grymych “Do you hear, Margo?..” (2000), which traces the projection of her everyday experience and the scientific knowledge received by her into the literary text, which is timely (readers’ interest in biographies of famous and prominent people) and relevant for the research of such representation. So, the purpose of the investigation is to analyze the facts from the biography of Maryna Grymych, to study one of her first novels in the projection of scientific knowledge and scientific experience into a literary text, and the subject of the research is the artistic representation of the writer’s scientific biography in the text of the novel.

As a result of the study, a conclusion was made about the flexibility of the term autobiographism (its application, individual approaches, one’s own vision, life, and scientific experience). The analysis of the novel leads to the conclusion that autobiographism in it is not manifested in the reproduction of the events that took place in the writer’s life, but in the sequence of scientific knowledge gained, which is often superimposed on one’s own life experience and thus reflected in the literary text. Therefore, although the novel “Do you hear, Margo?..” is not postulated as autobiographical, we admit the presence of relevant elements in the embodiment of certain details which could testify about Grymych the researcher in the literary texts of Grymych the writer. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that autobiographism of the literary text is considered through the prism of the study of history, anthropology, ethnology, ethnography, folklore, and ethnology by Maryna Grymych, her wanderings in Ukraine and in the world, her field research skills, etc. The artistic representation of the writer’s scientific biography makes it possible to fully explore this writer’s biography, which without proper reading and research will have no integrity in its study. Therefore, the practical significance of the investigation is to use the knowledge gained about the writer for entering the data into her biography and for the popularization of scientific knowledge through literary text.
TIDAL UPWELLING ON THE SOUTHWESTERN SHELF OF SAKHALIN ISLAND
Authors: Shevchenko G. V. , Maryzhikhin V. E.
Published: May 2022

The materials of instrumental measurements of the current velocity and water temperature at the horizons of 100 and 10 m near the continental slope of southwestern Sakhalin Island (south of Moneron Island) are considered. At a depth of 100 m, diurnal fluctuations in water temperature with an amplitude of 0.5–1°C were revealed, depending on the intensity of tidal currents (temperature decrease when the flow is oriented southeast, towards the La Perouse Strait), interpreted as tidal upwelling. The materials of hydrological surveys on the T1 oceanological section have been analyzed, vertical distributions of water temperature, chlorophyll-a and biogenic elements have been constructed based on the measurements on April 15, 1999. They are consistent with the concept of tidal mixing.
A temática “produção de sal” nos livros didáticos de Química do PNLD 2018 utilizados no campus Macau do IFRN: análise de conteúdo
Authors: Pereira Luciana Arruda , Nascimento Alian Paiva de Arruda , Nascimento Jarley Fagner Silva do
Published: May 2022

O livro didático é instrumento essencial dentro do âmbito escolar, sendo a principal referência para que o professor ou professora realize a preparação do que vai ser ensinado, e subsequentemente aprendido pelos estudantes.  Neste trabalho, foi realizado uma análise de conteúdo sob a ótica da BNCC, de duas coleções de livros didáticos do PNLD, tendo como referência a temática “produção de sal marinho”.  Essa temática foi escolhida, porque o município de Macau, cidade onde os estudantes estão inseridos, é o maior produtor de sal do país. Constatou-se a partir dos critérios analisados sob a ótica da BNCC, que um tema relevante como a produção de sal marinho não foi abordado de forma significativa, mostrando que o livro didático é feito para um estudante genérico, e que o papel do professor é fundamental para escolher o que deve ser ensinado, valorizando os saberes locais e regionais. 
Attitudes Towards Mothers' Work and Gender Roles of University Students
Authors: DOĞAN PEKİNCE Gülfer , ÖTER Emine GERÇEK , YILDIRIM Dicle Filiz
Published: May 2022

Gender is a cultural construct that relates to the behavioral roles of women and men. The roles and expectations that society assigns to the genders cause women to be unable to obtain or use some of their rights. One of these situations
is the participation of women in working life. Within the scope of gender equality, which is among the "Sustainable Development Goals", which is a universal act calling determined by the countries that are members of the United
Nations to be achieved by the end of 2030, it is necessary to make strong women and girls in every field and that these individuals should be in conflict with men on land, property and economic resources. The purpose of the research
was to evaluate university students' attitudes to gender roles and mothers’ work. The study, which was performed at a college in a university, was carried out with 238 students between June 2019 and December 2020. Data were collected
with Personal Identification Form, “Attitudes Towards Mothers' Work Scale ” and “Gender Roles Attitude Scale”. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. 60.9% of the students were female and 39.1%
were male. Consequently, while there was a significant difference between the sexes on account of attitudes towards gender roles, there was no difference in attitudes towards working mothers. The fact that there are variables such
as father's profession and graduated high school among the factors affecting these attitudes shows that family and education play an important role on gender attitudes.
COVID-19 in Arab Americans Revealed a Public Health Concern
Authors: EL-Sawalhy Eman , Bercea Priscila , Alkheder Mohammad , Khadra Maher , Hanayni Wehbi , Shaaeli Muna , Daas Hanady
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 infection can lead to severe consequences, especially among ethnic minorities. Data about COVID-19 infection outcomes in the Arab American population as a minority ethnic group compared to other racial and ethnic minorities are lacking. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study that included 1,740 hospitalized adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from March 12th, 2020, to January 30th, 2021, at a single center to compare baseline characteristics and outcomes in Arabs hospitalized with COVID-19 to patients from other ethnic groups during the same study period. Of those, we identified 320 Arab patients. We found that Arab American population suffered similar odds of complications and adverse outcomes despite having fewer risk factors for severe illness.
Chlorambucil induced papilledema: a serious yet reversible side effect of chemotherapy
Authors: Himanshu Kaushal , Sulena
Published: May 2022

Papilledema is optic disc swelling due to high intracranial pressure. Possible conditions causing high intracranial pressure and papilledema include intracerebral mass lesions, cerebral hemorrhage, head trauma, meningitis, hydroce-phalus, spinal cord lesions, impairment of cerebral sinus drainage, anomalies of the cranium, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) [1].
Sistem Penunjang Keputusan Pemilihan Supplier Terbaik Dengan Metode Analythical Hierarchy Process Pada PT. Konten Indomedia Pratama
Authors: Putri Rizqika Rahma , Zuraidah Eva
Published: May 2022

Decision making is basically a form of choosing from a variety of alternatives that may be chosen. Before choosing these alternatives, accurate data is needed for making a decision. If the data entered is inaccurate, the calculation process can result in inappropriate results so that the resulting alternative decision is inaccurate and precise. For a good supplier selection process, a system is needed, so that the selected results are more accurate and precise. The system used is the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Data was collected by means of interviews, observations and literature studies. From these results, the ranking values ??for suppliers are obtained, including: Doungguan Ageless Health Industrial Co.,Ltd ranks 1st with a value of (20.9%), Mediatech.id ranks 2nd with a value of (17.3%) , Huizhou Xiao'ou Technologhy Co., Ltd is in 3rd place with a score of (14%), Purelizer Official Shop is in 4th place with a score of 10.3%, Healicom Medical Equipment Co.,Ltd is in 5th place with a score of (8.60%), Beiqi Industry Development Co.,Ltd ranks 6th with a value of 7.8%, OULI Group (HK) LIMITIED ranks 7th with a value of (6.1%), Medsinglong Global Group Co.,Ltd ranks 8th with a score of (5.8%), P Hangzhou Clongene Biotech Co.,Ltd Hangzhou Clongene Biotech Co.,Ltd ranks 9th with a value of 5.10% and the last Shenzhen UV Green Technology Co., Ltd ranked 10th with a value ( 4.1%). Data processing is carried out using one of the MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) methods, namely the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, with the result that the supplier Doungguan Ageless Health Industrial Co., Ltd. was determined as the best supplier.
Penerapan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Backpropagation Dalam Memprediksi Jumlah Pertumbuhan Kendaraan Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Bagus Supranda  , S Solikhun  , Zulia Almaida Siregar
Published: May 2022

Motorized vehicles are part of the need for transportation of vehicles that are derivatives due to economic, social, and other activities. The growth of vehicles is not proportional to the population in the province of North Sumatra. This causes various negative impacts, one of which is an increase in traffic congestion, air pollution from motorized vehicles which causes an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Based on this problem, it is necessary to predict the number of vehicles in North Sumatra Province using the backpropagation algorithm artificial neural network. The results of trials carried out with MATLAB R2011b software, the best architectural model is the 2-2-1 model with an accuracy rate of 94% with MSE number 0.000208514, epoch value 789. It can be concluded that the Backpropagation method can be used as one of the predictive methods that make it easier to find predictions. Whatever.
Gendered Violence, Religion and UK-Based Anti-Abortion Activism
Authors: Page Sarah-Jane , Lowe Pam
Published: May 2022

The United Nations view access to abortion as a fundamental human right. Yet increasingly in theUK, religiously-motivated activists undertake public displays opposing abortion, often outside abortion clinics, and precipitated through international campaigns like40 Days for Life(Lowe and Page forthcoming). Activists see their actions as an essential intervention; some explicitly frame this as a form of help. But examining this from the perspective of how bodies are gendered and regulated in the public sphere raises questions regarding whether this is a form of harassment, and therefore gendered violence. This article is based on aUKethnography. Using Kelly’s (1988) continuum of violence thesis, we examine whether this activism constitutes gendered violence, examining two different activities—prayer and graphic images. Despite these activities being distinct and contrasting, we argue that both should be understood as part of a continuum of violence, causing harm to those seeking abortion services.
The Influence of Religion, Spirituality, and Purpose in Life for Resilience among Trans and Gender Diverse Individuals
Authors: Bowling Jessamyn , Mbugua Anne , Piperato Sarah
Published: May 2022

Religion, spirituality, and purpose in life have benefits for mental and physical health, yet religious environments can be stigmatizing for trans and gender diverse (TGD) individuals. This study aimed to examine the influences of religion, spirituality and purpose in life for resilience among TGD individuals. This study included photo-elicited interviews (35 longitudinal interviews, 21 individuals) and surveys (n=108). Religious affiliation was significantly associated with increased levels of social support but was not significantly associated with other variables. Strategies found in themes from the qualitative analysis foster resilience strategies, including spirituality to overcome challenges, purpose in life, and social support. Yet strategies in the themes also utilize resilience strategies, including discrimination, strategies in response to discrimination, social support, and identity negotiation. As participants did make sense of religion and spirituality in how they conceived of their resilience, findings may inform therapeutic interventions and pastoral approaches.
Uticaj Rodčenkov antidoping zakona na harmonizaciju borbe protiv dopinga u sportu na svetskom nivou
Authors: Đurđević Nenad
Published: May 2022

Rodčenkov antidoping zakon Sjedinjenih Američkih Država iz 2019. godine stupio je na snagu 4. decembra 2020. godine, nakon što ga je potpisao predsednik Tramp. Tim zakonom se uvodi eksteritorijalna nadležnost američkih državnih organa i sudova za krivično delo „velike međunarodne zavere u vezi sa doping prevarom“ koji može da počini bilo koja osoba, osim sportiste, koja je umešena u zavere povezane sa dopingom u sportu na velikim međunarodnim sportskim takmičenjima. Zakon je imao jednodušnu dvostranačku podršku u Kongresu, uz veliko odobravanje američkih sportskih krugova. Jedino istinsko protivljenje zakonu došlo je izvan USA, i to pre svega od strane Sveske antidoping agencije (WADA), Međunarodnog olimpijskog komiteta i Saveta Evrope. Glavni i suštinski prigovor Rodčenkov antidoping zakonu tiče se zabrinutosti da taj zakon svojim eksteritorijalnim odredbama narušava globalno priznati antidoping program i podriva kapaciteta WADE da ispuni svoju misiju globalnog antidoping regulatora i tela koje vrši nadzor nad sprovođenjem Svetskog antidoping kodeksa, uključujući i usklađenost potpisnika sa Kodeksom. Autor u radu analizira uticaj donošenja Rodčenkov antidoping zakona na harmonizaciju borbe protiv dopinga na globalnom nivou, ukazujući na njegovu sadržinu, razloge koji su doveli do njegovog donošenja i kontroverze koje on izaziva.
Poticanje amaterskog sporta kroz porezni sustav
Authors: Jozipović Šime
Published: May 2022

Poticanje sportske djelatnosti od posebnog je interesa ne samo za Republiku Hrvatsku, već i za cijelu Europsku uniju. Sport pomaže stvaranju održivog i inkluzivnog društva te pozitivno utječe na kolektivno zdravlje zajednice. Stoga i nije začuđujuće da mnoge države imaju posebne propise za poticanje sporta i sportaša. Upravo je porezno pravo pravna grana kojom se u posebnoj mjeri nastoji regulirati poticajno okruženje sportaša. Tako cijeli niz pravnih sustava sadrži posebne odredbe kojima osigurava povlašteni porezni tretman za prihode ostvarene u sferi sporta. Pri tome mnogi pravni sustavi često strogo ograničavaju porezne poticaje na sferu amaterskog sporta, dok takva ograničenja nisu jednako izražena u Hrvatskoj. Ovaj članak prvo predstavlja kriterije za utvrđivanje statusa amaterskog odnosno profesionalnog sportaša u Hrvatskoj, zatim definira strukturu poreznih olakšica i oslobođenja za sportaše amatere u Republici Hrvatskoj. Temeljem tako napravljene analize, članak predstavlja kako drugi pravni sustavi razgraničavaju porezni status amaterskog sportaša od profesionalnog sportaša te uspoređuje izabrane porezne olakšice u sferi amaterskog sporta unutar SR Njemačke i SAD-a s hrvatskim rješenjima. Članak završno temeljem takve analize ističe neke nelogičnosti trenutnog sustava financiranja sporta, kako u Republici Hrvatskoj, tako i u drugim analiziranim pravnim sustavima.
Specific characteristics of sponsorship contract
Authors: Jagodic Tone , Mateša Zlatko
Published: May 2022

Sponsorship contract represents one of the legal backgrounds which is commonly used in modern sport. As a relatively “young” and quite specific contract it has not been codificated yet. The causa of a sponsorship contract is linked to the expectations of both parties of the contract at the time of the conclusion of the contract. As a bilateral contract of obligation, sponsorship has a strong economic background which is the leverage for the conclusion of the contract. A definition that highlights the characteristics of sponsorship contains the International Chamber of Commerce Advertising and marketing communication Code. There are several different elements of the definition which characteristically represent the essence of the sponsorship relationship. Among them are the mutual benefit of the sponsor and sponsored entity, providing of finance or other support, ambition to establish an association between the sponsor’s image, brands or products and a sponsorship property, return for rights, promotion of the association between parties, grant of certain agreed direct or indirect benefits, and some others. In the article there are explanations of different above elements. It seems that the above parameters are the essence of the sponsorship agreement which also reflects the basic elements of the definition of the ICC sponsorship agreement. The ICC definition provides a basis that fully captures the typical elements of a sponsorship contract and which could lead to future efforts in terms of finding the right definition for a possible legal codification of the sponsorship contract. From the sponsor’s point of view, sponsorship represents an attempt to identify with the value of the sponsored entity, the purpose of which is further manifested by the promotion of this link, both leading to the sponsor’s objective of raising or improving its image in the public or in society. The key here is the ability of the sponsor to turn a challenge into an opportunity, which is then exploited. The opportunities must outweigh the challenges, which is the original motive of the sponsor in the sponsorship contract.
First findings from the Balkan Homicide Study
Authors: Getoš Kalac Anna-Maria , Pribisalić Dalia , Šprem Petra
Published: May 2022

The aim of the paper is to introduce a genuine violence classification system. The system has been created using an innovative empirical rather than a mainstream normative approach. It aims to test the possibilities and benefits of conceptualising and understanding violence regardless of its normative constructs which have been created on the basis of legal, abstract, and non-empirical grounds. With a specific focus on physical violence, the here proposed classification system has been designed by using original empirical data from case file analysis, obtained through the Balkan Homicide Study (BHS). Using a qualitative method, 2073 finally adjudicated attempted and completed homicide cases were analysed. As a result, the genuine violence classification system includes 20 types of violence primarily determined by the various contextual backgrounds of the offences and their main triggers, occasionally also considering the location of the offence, the offender’s motive and the victim-offender relationship. The ultimate purpose of the introduced genuine violence classification system is to provide a new and innovative approach to violence research, one that might prove to be a useful tool for minimising the impact of differences due to changing legal frameworks through time (e.g., reforms) and amongst different countries. In this sense, it should facilitate and upgrade future (comparative) criminological violence research. The basic terms and types of violence are defined primarily for the purpose of the BHS and should not be understood as axioms generally applicable outside the framework of the study, at least not without further testing and adjustment of the classification system.
Crveni karton za Novaka Đokovića, (barem) žuti za državu Australiju
Authors: Kačer Hrvoje , Marcan Karla Gea , Marcan Dino
Published: May 2022

U ovom tekstu autori su pokušali cjelovito prikazati slučaj poznat kao Đoković case, vjerojatno najveći pravni skandal u posljednje vrijeme, skandal koji je završio deportiranjem najboljeg svjetskog tenisača Novaka Đokovića iz Australije gdje je došao (necijepljen) kako bi po deseti put pobijedio na Australian Openu i tme postao prvi tenisač u povijesti sa 21 Grand Slam titulom (i još tko zna koliko u budućnosti). Ulazna australska viza dva je puta poništena; prvo poništenje „sanirao“ je sud svojom odlukom prema kojoj je poništenje bilo nezakonito, drugo poništenje (ono prepoznato kao diskrecijska ovlast ministra) također se pokušalo „sanirati“ putem suda, ovaj put bez uspjeha, ali uz tvrdnju da se kod takve (diskrecijske) ovlasti provjerava samo je li odluka koju je donio australski ministar imigracije „iracionalna ili pravno nerazumna“. Zaključak je da deportacija nije bila protupravna, ali je modus operandi državnih vlasti (bez obzira na razinu) prava pravna katastrofa uslijed čega je Novak Đoković zasigurno bio izložen potpuno nepotrebnom šikaniranju i tretiranju kao da je počinio neko od težih kaznenih djela.
Gender determination in sport
Authors: Kraljić Suzana , Drnovšek Katja
Published: May 2022

Many sports distinguish between female and male disciplines. The key reason for such division stems from the physiological characteristics that might give men the advantage over women in specific sports disciplines. Various sex-verification procedures were introduced to ensure fair play, but these were invasive procedures resulting in social stigmatization, gender discrimination and psychological trauma for female athletes. Sex verification was also proven to be unsuitable in the case of deviations from the standard binary concept of gender (e.g., in the case of mutations). For those reasons, critical legal developments have been achieved in this complex field of law, medicine, and sports in recent years.
TEORI PRODUKSI DAN KEGIATAN PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Amelia Kiki Rezky
Published: May 2022

Perusahaan adalah institusi atau lembaga yang menggunakan atau me-manfaatkan dan mengorganisasikan faktor-faktor produksi untuk menghasilkan suatu barang-barang dan jasa-jasa. Pada kenyataannya, organisasi atau lembaga yang digolongkan sebagai perusahaan dalam banyak literatur hanya terdiri atas tiga macam, yaitu:Perusahaan Perorangan (Proprietorship), yaitu perusahaan yang dimiliki secara perseorangan (single owner – a proprietor, tidak dikerjakan seorang) yang memiliki tanggung jawab yang tidak terbatas (unlimited liability). Tanggung jawab yang tidak terbatas maksudnya adalah semua harta yang dimiliki adalah bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari resiko usaha yang dijalankan. Kerjasama usaha – Persekutuan (Partnerships) semisal CV atau firma. Orang-orang yang tergabung dalam perusahaan ini beberapa diantaranya memiliki tanggung jawab yang tidak terbatas (unlimitid liability) sebagai-mana layaknya usaha perseorangan. Akan tetapi bila misalkan bagi semua orang yang tergabung dalam perusahaan ini sepakat untuk me-nanggung secara bersama-sama semua kewajiban yang terjadi, maka ini-lah yang disebut sebagai joint unlimited liability. Pembagian keuntungan berdasarkan pada besarnya penyertaan modal dalam perusahaan atau ke-sepakatan bersama.Perseroan (Company) adalah perusahaan yang dimiliki oleh seorang atau lebih yang menjadi pemilik saham atau sero perusahaan tersebut. Per-seroan yang relatif besar dapat menjual sahamnya kepada masyarakat secara terbuka – perusahaan terbuka (tbk) atau Limited (Ltd) – melalui bursa saham atau menjualnya kepada siapa saja yang berminat secara ter-tutup. dengan hasil yang sebesar-besarnya.
Havana by the Daedong River: Cuba as North Korea’s Economic Model
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

This study argues that the path Vietnam chose to take entails very significant policy changes before and after the reform measures were introduced, whereas Cuba’s gradualist approach puts less pressure on the Castro regime to engage in radical transformation. Although Cuba and Vietnam share their origins in communist autarky with powerful state-owned enterprises, the two countries embody very different economic development objectives. Vietnam sought to form comparative advantages as a means to enter global value chains. Cuba sought to carve out a competitive advantage for itself within a select (and growing) group of partners, establishing profitable trade and investment agreements that permitted the government to maintain control over its formal and shadow economies while fostering strategic industries. Cuba currently is party to 79 trade- and investment-related instruments, including major agreements such as the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The Cuban model may not be the wide economic opening and reform that the outside world is hoping for, but it presents to the North Korean regime a more contiguous path of market orientation.
Addressing Gig Workers as Voters: The Development of a Typology of Party Strategies
Authors: Plenter Johanna Ida
Published: May 2022

In the past two decades, much research from a broad variety of fields and disciplines has been dedicated to the question of how the digitalisation is changing economic developments, labour markets, business models, and consequently a country’s societal and political economic structure. One of the most prominent phenomena of this impact is the emergence of the so-called ‘gig economy’. So far, however, both the gig economy and gig work are largely neglected issues within classical political science research fields such as electoral and party research. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the party perspective on the gig economy by developing a typology of left-wing parties’ strategies to address issues connected to the (labour perspective of the) gig economy. For this purpose, classical theories of party competition, such as salience theory, the rational choice approach or spatial theory, will be utilised to conduct a content analysis of the most recent election manifestos of all relevant European left-wing parties. The main findings show that the parties address the gig economy and the situation of gig workers predominately through a legal perspective. The parties unanimously call for state regulation of bogus self-employment and the circumvention of workers’ rights. Thus, it is the parties’ concern to prevent current practices instead of integrating them into existing systems, such as social security systems or trade unions.
The Rodent Birth Control Landscape Paper
Authors: Elmore Holly
Published: May 2022

Motivation: To understand the current practices in rodent pest control and identify levers to improve the welfare of the rodents.Scope: This paper describes the past and current rodent pest control landscape with a particular focus on harms of rodenticidal poisons and the possibilities for rodent birth control as a cruelty-minimizing alternative. Because rodent birth control is most available in the United States, the focus of this paper is primarily on the U.S.Welfare harms: Rodenticides, and in particular the anticoagulant rodenticides, are cruel to the rodents they are meant to kill as well as dangerous to humans, such as children, who accidentally ingest them and to predators who secondarily ingest the poisons their rodent prey have ingested.Ideal solutions: Controlling a “pest” population can also be achieved through reducing births, greatly reducing the need for lethal control means. Methods for reducing births include:Resource reduction (by e.g. containing food waste)Habitat reduction (by e.g. filling in abandoned burrows or filling in cracks that give access to the interior spaces of walls)Effective birth control agents (such as EPA-approved ContraPest)Practical solutions: Rodent birth control can be used in concert with lethal control methods that are more humane than rodenticides, such as traps and asphyxiants that provide quick deaths. These methods and their relative humaneness and effectiveness are discussed.Ineffective solutions:Most of the known chemicals that reduce rodent fertility have not been developed to be sufficiently effective, cost-effective, or safe to be competitive with lethal control agents.Single-dose sterilants, which would completely abolish fertility in one dose, would come with a higher risk of overdose, bioaccumulation, and the evolution of resistance. Future directions: A follow-up post will focus on opportunities for impact via advocating the use of rodent birth control and the displacement of cruel pest control methods.
Elevated XRCC5 expression distinguishes basal-like human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2022

Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer face a more aggressive disease course and more dismal prognosis than patients diagnosed with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer molecular subtypes (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to understand in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing transcriptional features of tumors from patients with basal or basal-like subtype breast cancer. We observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of X-ray repair cross complementing 5, XRCC5, when comparing tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer with that of other PAM50 molecular subtypes. XRCC5 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in the tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that XRCC5 primary tumor expression was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in luminal A subtype breast cancer. Elevated XRCC5 expression appears to distinguish basal-like human breast cancer from the other molecular subtypes.
Why wind reduces ambient temperature: Inspiration for the use of electric fans for breathing difficulties
Authors: Ouyang Jess Lan , Fu Min , Peng Jingli , Tang Man , Liu Qiuyun
Published: May 2022

Wind turns random thermal motion of gaseous molecules and particles into unidirectional motion with essentially identical speeds, thus diminishing molecular collision and lowering temperatures.
Nữ giới theo ngành CNTT: Quan trọng ở sự chủ động
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

FUNiX và Cơ quan Phát triển quốc tế Mỹ (USAID) trao học bổng lập trình tổng trị giá 20.000 USD cho học viên là nữ giới hoặc đến từ khu vực Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Học bổng nằm trong dự án “Mở rộng chuyển đổi nhân lực số” thông qua đào tạo trực tuyến, do FUNiX cùng Cơ quan Phát triển Quốc tế Mỹ (USAID) phát động từ ngày 25/2.Các khóa đào tạo được tài trợ bao gồm: lập trình viên full-stack; lập trình viên web, di động, java; diễn họa viên 3D; kiểm thử phần mềm và nhiều chương trình khác. Sau khi hoàn thành, người học sẽ nhận được hỗ trợ kết nối thực tập, làm việc tại các công ty công nghệ từ hệ sinh thái gần 40 doanh nghiệp đối tác của FUNIX trong cả nước.Thời gian đào tạo trực tuyến cho mỗi khóa là 3-6 tháng.
Analisis Yuridis Sengketa Tapal Batas Antara Kabupaten Halmahera Utara dan Kabupaten Halmahera Barat
Authors: Saragih Geofani Milthree
Published: May 2022

Indonesia adalah negara kesatuan yang berbentuk republik. Namun dalam suatu bentuk negara kesatuan seringkali sistem pemerintahan yang terpusat menimbulkan suatu pembangunan yang tidak merata. Contoh nyata terjadinya pembangunan yang tidak merata yang paling jelas dan terbenak bagi kita adalah yang terjadi pada masa Orde Baru. Orde Baru sendiri merupakan istilah umum untuk sistem politik yang berlaku setelah berkuasanya Soeharto pada 1066 hingga kejatuhannya pada Mei 1998. Pada masa orde baru pemerintahan bersifat sentralistik yang menimbulkan suatu pembangunan yang benar-benar terpusat, bahkan disebut dengan istilah Jawasentris, karena terlalu terpusatnya pembangunan di pulau Jawa saja. Dengan kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintahan pusat yang ada malah memperkeruh suasana politik nasional. Dengan kebijakan-kebijakan dari pemerintahan pusat memunculkan kerawanan politik baru, kesenjangan yang makin dalam antara yang kaya dengan yang miskin, jawa dengan luar jawa, pribumi dengan non pribumi, militer dengan sipil, dan islam dengan non islam.Oleh sebab itu, dibuatlah kebijakan di masa Reformasi peralihan dari pemerintahan yang bersifat sentralistik menjadi desentralistik/desentralisasi. Desentralisasi adalah awal mula terwujudnya kebijakan pemerintah daerah atau pemerintah daerah dimulai kebijakan desentralisasi. Hal ini sah-sah saja dan dimungkinkan. Karena setiap negara kesatuan (unitary state, eenheidstaat) dapat ddisusun dan diselenggarakan menurut asas dan sistem sentralisasi dan desentralisasi. Setelah beralih ke sistem desentralisasi, maka kebijakan pemerintahan tidak hanya terpusat atau ditentukan pusat saja, pemerintah daerah juga diberikan kewenangan-kewenangan tertentu dalam mengurusi urusan rumah tangganya. Singkatnya, setelah desentralisasi ini dilaksanakan terjadi penyerahan kewenangan dari pemerintah pusat, baik kepada pemerintah daerah. Sehingga memang bila dilihat, di era Reformasi ini dapat dikatakan bahwa pembangunan sudah lebih baik dan lebih merata di daerah-daerah karena pemerintahan daerah memiliki kewenangan tersediri dan anggaran yang diberikan dari pemerintah pusat pun sudah diberikan.
Arctic sediment routing during the Triassic - sinking the Arctic Atlantis
Authors: Gilmullina Albina , Klausen Tore , Doré Anthony , Sirevaag Hallgeir , Suslova Anna , Eide Christian
Published: May 2022

Opening of the Arctic Ocean has been the subject of much debate, and the placement of terranes in Early Mesozoic remains a crucial part of this important discussion. Several continental terranes complicate the paleogeographic reconstruction. One such terrane is Crockerland, which has been inferred to explain sediment distribution in the Arctic throughout the Mesozoic. However, the Triassic successions throughout the Arctic basins bear many similarities, and a common sedimentary source could offer a simpler explanation with fewer implications for the basin configuration in the Arctic. The study's goal is to test the hypothesis of long-distance sediment transport from a common source to all Arctic basins in the Triassic, and to demonstrate how estimates of sediment routing distances can improve pre-breakup plate tectonic reconstructions. Results confirm that (1) the Arctic basins were closely connected prior to breakup in the Mesozoic, (2) based on regional facies distribution, sediment budgets, sediment modelling and detrital zircon age spectra, the Crockerland terrane is unlikely to have existed, (3) the reconstructed Arctic sediment routing system can help to constrain plate tectonic models, (4) and statistical estimate of sediment transport is a novel and potentially important tool for improving plate tectonic and paleogeographic reconstructions.
The role of trait reappraisal in response to emotional ambiguity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Harp Nicholas , Gross James , Uusberg Andero , Neta Maital
Published: May 2022

Individuals exhibit a systematic valence bias – a specific form of interpretation bias – in response to emotional ambiguity. Accumulating evidence suggests most people initially respond to emotional ambiguity negatively and differ only in subsequent responses. We hypothesized that trait-level cognitive reappraisal – an emotion regulation strategy involving the reinterpretation of affective meaning of stimuli – might explain individual differences in valence bias. To answer this question, we conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of fourteen effect sizes from thirteen prior studies (n = 2,086), identified via Google Scholar searches. We excluded studies (1) in languages other than English, (2) from non-peer-reviewed sources, or (3) non-empirical sources. We included studies with (1) the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, (2) a putative measure of valence bias prior to any study-specific manipulations, and (3) adult human participants (i.e., 17+). Supporting our prediction, we found individuals with higher trait reappraisal exhibited a less negative bias (r = -0.18, z = -4.04, p < .001), whereas there was a smaller, opposite effect for trait expressive suppression (r = 0.10, z = 2.14, p = .03). The effects did, however, vary across tasks with stronger effects observed among studies using the scrambled sentences task compared to the valence bias task. Although trait reappraisal accounted for only a small amount of variance, reappraisal may be one mechanism contributing to variability in response to ambiguity.
Neural Tracking in Infancy Predicts Language Development in Children With and Without Family History of Autism
Authors: Menn Katharina , Ward Emma Kate , Braukmann Ricarda , van den Boomen Carlijn , Buitelaar Jan , Hunnius Sabine , Snijders Tineke M.
Published: May 2022

During speech processing, neural activity in non-autistic adults and infants tracks the speech envelope. Recent research in adults indicates that this neural tracking relates to linguistic knowledge and may be reduced in autism. Such reduced tracking, if present already in infancy, could impede language development. In the current study, we focused on children with a family history of autism, who often show a delay in first language acquisition. We investigated whether differences in tracking of sung nursery rhymes during infancy relate to language development and autism symptoms in childhood. We assessed speech-brain coherence at either 10 or 14 months of age in a total of 22 infants with high likelihood of autism due to family history and 19 infants without family history of autism. We analyzed the relationship between speech-brain coherence in these infants and their vocabulary at 24 months as well as autism symptoms at 36 months. Our results showed significant speech-brain coherence in the 10- and 14-month-old infants. We found no evidence for a relationship between speech-brain coherence and later autism symptoms. Importantly, speech-brain coherence in the stressed syllable rate (1-3 Hz) predicted later vocabulary. Follow-up analyses showed evidence for a relationship between tracking and vocabulary only in 10-month-olds but not 14-month-olds and indicated possible differences between the likelihood groups. Thus, early tracking of sung nursery rhymes is related to language development in childhood.
No evidence of a gender-equality paradox in gendered names: Comment on Vishkin, Slepian, and Galinsky (2022)
Authors: Berggren Mathias
Published: May 2022

This article reexamines the conclusions of Vishkin, Sleipan, and Galinsky (2022) Study 1, that gender differentiation in the proportion of voiced baby names has increased over a time period of increased gender equality. By plotting the data, it becomes evident that the current differentiation is actually smaller than ever before. I discuss why the methods employed by the authors is problematic for assessing trends in dependent time-series data and illustrate how analyses that address these problems lead to fundamentally different conclusions. I also provide some discussion around their Study 2.
Turnover in Japanese IT Professionals: Antecendants and Nuances
Authors: Serenko Alexander , Sasaki Hiroshi , Palvia Prashant , Sato Osam
Published: May 2022

The Japanese information technology (IT) workplace is unique compared to that of other nations. IT represents a large sector of the country’s economy, and organizations need to develop proactive approaches to retain their IT workforce. In order to manage employee turnover, they need to understand the distinctive factors influencing employee turnover intention, as turnover intention is known to be a reliable predictor of actual turnover. In this study, a model was constructed and tested with data collected from 284 Japanese IT professionals. Our findings show that the effects of work exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and friendship networks on turnover intention are fully mediated through job satisfaction. Work-home conflict has no impact on job satisfaction. The strength of the relationships is stronger for younger than for older organizations. Furthermore, individualistic factors (i.e., work exhaustion and personal accomplishment) have a stronger impact on job satisfaction than collectivistic factors (i.e., work-home conflict and friendship networks). These results show the fragility of the notion of long-term employment, which is supposed to be embraced within the entire Japanese work culture.
Opportunities, ethical challenges, and value implications of pervasive sensing technology for supporting older adults in the work environment
Authors: Grünloh Christiane , Cabrita Miriam , Dantas Carina , Ortet Sofia
Published: May 2022

Responding to the challenges of demographic change, a growing number of eHealth solutions are appearing on the market, aiming to enable age-friendly living and working environments. Pervasive sensing and monitoring of workers' health-, behavioural-, emotional- and cognitive status to support their health and workability enable the creation of adaptive work environments and the provision of personalised interventions. However, this technology also introduces new challenges that go beyond user acceptance and privacy concerns. Based on a conceptual investigation and lessons learnt within the SmartWork project (H2020-826343), this paper outlines opportunities and ethical challenges of pervasive sensing technology in the work environment that aims to support active and healthy ageing for office workers in a holistic way, including their values and preferences. Only by identifying those challenges, implicated values and value tensions is it possible to convert them into design opportunities and find innovative ways to address identified tensions. The article outlines steps taken within the project and closes with a reflection on the limits of technological responses to societal problems and the need for regulations and changes on a societal level.
Errors, Irregularities, and Misdirection: Cue Utilisation and Cognitive Reflection in the Diagnosis of Phishing Emails
Authors: Ackerley Mitchell , Morrison Ben , Ingrey Kate , Wiggins Mark , Bayl-Smith Piers , Morrison Natalie
Published: May 2022

The study aimed to examine the role of, and potential interplay between, cue utilisation and cognitive reflection in email users’ ability to accurately (and efficiently) differentiate between phishing and genuine emails. 145 participants completed the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), a phishing diagnostic task, and the Expert Intensive Skill Evaluation (EXPERTise 2.0) battery, which provided a gauge of users’ cue utilisation in the domain. The results revealed an interaction between users’ cognitive utilisation and cue reflection, whereby users low in both facets performed significantly worse in diagnosing phishing emails than all other groups. Further, those participants with both higher cue utilisation and cognitive reflection took significantly longer to make their diagnosis. It is concluded that a high level of cognitive reflection was able to compensate for a lower level of cue utilisation, and vice versa. Participants reported using seven types of cue during diagnosis, however, there was no significant relationship between the types of cues used and users’ level of cue utilisation. Taken together, the findings have implications to the design of user-level interventions in relation to the identification of vulnerable users, as well as the need to consider training approaches that extend beyond the use of simple cue inventories.
SARS-CoV-2 and Environment: Transmission and Green Combat
Authors: Sen Supatra
Published: May 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new zoonotic agent that emerged in December 2019, causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The external environment, the internal environment of buildings and human behavior are among the main factors involved in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. While the viral spread and transmission is significantly affected by the environment, certain green plants could provide stress alleviation from both physical and mental viewpoints. Some such green plants and development of green zones are suggested both at home and workplace, so that the planet too benefits from such greening initiatives.