bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The depression GWAS risk allele predicts smaller cerebellar gray matter volume and reduced SIRT1 mRNA expression in Chinese population
Authors: Liu Weipeng , Yan Hao , Zhou Danyang , Cai Xin , Zhang Yuyanan , Li Shiyi , Li Huijuan , Li Shiwu , Zhou Dong-Sheng , Li Xingxing , Zhang Chen , Sun Yan , Dai Jia-Pei , Zhong Jingmei , Yao Yong-Gang , Luo Xiong-Jian , Fang Yiru , Zhang Dai , Ma Yina , Yue Weihua , Li Ming , Xiao Xiao
Published: December 2019

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is recognized as a primary cause of disability worldwide, and effective management of this illness has been a great challenge. While genetic component is supposed to play pivotal roles in MDD pathogenesis, the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the illness has hampered the discovery of its genetic determinants. In this study, in an independent Han Chinese sample (1824 MDD cases and 3031 controls), we conducted replication analyses of two genetic loci highlighted in a previous Chinese MDD genome-wide association study (GWAS), and confirmed the significant association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12415800 near SIRT1. Subsequently, using hypothesis-free whole-brain analysis in two independent Han Chinese imaging samples, we found that individuals carrying the MDD risk allele of rs12415800 exhibited aberrant gray matter volume in the left posterior cerebellar lobe compared with those carrying the non-risk allele. Besides, in independent Han Chinese postmortem brain and peripheral blood samples, the MDD risk allele of rs12415800 predicted lower SIRT1 mRNA levels, which was consistent with the reduced expression of this gene in MDD patients compared with healthy subjects. These results provide further evidence for the involvement of SIRT1 in MDD, and suggest that this gene might participate in the illness via affecting the development of cerebellum, a brain region that is potentially underestimated in previous MDD studies.
Childhood stress impairs social function through AVP-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Brydges Nichola M. , Hall Jessica , Best Caroline , Rule Lowenna , Watkin Holly , Drake Amanda J. , Lewis Catrin , Thomas Kerrie L. , Hall Jeremy
Published: December 2019

Impaired social function is a core feature of many psychiatric illnesses. Adverse experiences during childhood increase risk for mental illness, however it is currently unclear whether stress early in life plays a direct role in the development of social difficulties. Using a rat model of pre-pubertal stress (PPS), we investigated effects on social behaviour, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the periphery (plasma) and centrally in the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei. We also explored social performance and AVP expression (plasma) in participants with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who experienced a high incidence of childhood stress. Social behaviour was impaired and AVP expression increased in animals experiencing PPS and participants with BPD. Behavioural deficits in animals were rescued through administration of the AVPR1a antagonist Relcovaptan (SR49059). AVP levels and recognition of negative emotions were significantly correlated in BPD participants only. In conclusion, early life stress plays a role in the precipitation of social dysfunction, and AVP mediates at least part of this effect.
Sanguinarine inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition via targeting HIF-1α/TGF-β feed-forward loop in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Su Qi , Fan Mengying , Wang Jingjing , Ullah Asmat , Ghauri Mohsin Ahmad , Dai Bingling , Zhan Yingzhuan , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Yanmin
Published: December 2019

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Hypoxia and excessive transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) have been identified as inducers and target for EMT in HCC. Here, we show hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and TGF-β form a feed-forward loop to induce EMT in HCC cells. Further mechanistic study indicates under both hypoxia and TGF-β stimulation, Smad and PI3K-AKT pathways are activated. We show sanguinarine, a natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid, impairs the proliferation of nine kinds of HCC cell lines and the colony formation of HCC cells. In hypoxic and TGF-β cell models, sanguinarine inhibits HIF-1α signaling and the expression of EMT markers, translocation of Snail and activation of both Smad and PI3K-AKT pathways. Sanguinarine could also inhibit TGF-β-induced cell migration in HCC cells. In vivo studies reveal that the administration of sanguinarine inhibits tumor growth and HIF-1α signaling, inhibits the expression changes of EMT markers as well as Smad and PI3K-AKT pathway proteins. Our findings suggest that sanguinarine is a promising candidate targeting HIF-1α/TGF-β signaling to improve the treatment for HCC patients.
Defective neurogenesis and schizophrenia-like behavior in PARP-1-deficient mice
Authors: Hong Seokheon , Yi Jee Hyun , Lee Soonje , Park Chang-Hwan , Ryu Jong Hoon , Shin Ki Soon , Kang Shin Jung
Published: December 2019

In the current study we present evidence suggesting that PARP-1 regulates neurogenesis and its deficiency may result in schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits in mice. PARP-1 knockout neural stem cells exhibited a marked upregulation of embryonic stem cell phosphatase that can suppress the proliferative signaling of PI3K-Akt and ERK. The suppressed activity of Akt and ERK in the absence of PARP-1 results in the elevation of FOXO1 activity and its downstream target genes p21 and p27, leading to the inhibition of neural stem cell proliferation. Moreover, expression of neurogenic factors and neuronal differentiation were decreased in the PARP-1 knockout neural stem cells whereas glial differentiation was increased. In accordance with the in vitro data, PARP-1 knockout mice exhibited reduced brain weight with enlarged ventricle as well as decreased adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Interestingly, PARP-1 knockout mice exhibited schizophrenia-like symptoms such as anxiety, depression, social interaction deficits, cognitive impairments, and prepulse inhibition deficits. Taken together, our results suggest that PARP-1 regulates neurogenesis during development and in adult and its absence may lead to the schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormality in mice.
Tailoring heterogeneities in high-entropy alloys to promote strength–ductility synergy
Authors: Ma Evan , Wu Xiaolei
Published: December 2019

Conventional alloys are usually based on a single host metal. Recent high-entropy alloys (HEAs), in contrast, employ multiple principal elements. The strength of HEAs is considerably higher than traditional solid solutions, as the many constituents lead to a rugged energy landscape that increases the resistance to dislocation motion, which can also be retarded by other heterogeneities. The wide variety of nanostructured heterogeneities in HEAs, including those generated on the fly during tensile straining, also offer elevated strain-hardening capability that promotes uniform tensile ductility. Citing recent examples, this review explores the multiple levels of heterogeneities in multi-principal-element alloys that contribute to lattice friction and back stress hardening, as a general strategy towards strength–ductility synergy beyond current benchmark ranges.
Vibronic coherence evolution in multidimensional ultrafast photochemical processes
Authors: Gaynor James D. , Sandwisch Jason , Khalil Munira
Published: December 2019

The complex choreography of electronic, vibrational, and vibronic couplings used by photoexcited molecules to transfer energy efficiently is remarkable, but an unambiguous description of the temporally evolving vibronic states governing these processes has proven experimentally elusive. We use multidimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy to identify specific time-dependent excited state vibronic couplings involving multiple electronic states, high-frequency vibrations, and low-frequency vibrations which participate in ultrafast intersystem crossing and subsequent relaxation of a photoexcited transition metal complex. We discover an excited state vibronic mechanism driving long-lived charge separation consisting of an initial electronically-localized vibrational wavepacket which triggers delocalization onto two charge transfer states after propagating for ~600 femtoseconds. Electronic delocalization consequently occurs through nonadiabatic internal conversion driven by a 50 cm−1 coupling resulting in vibronic coherence transfer lasting for ~1 picosecond. This study showcases the power of multidimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy to elucidate complex, non-equilibrium energy and charge transfer mechanisms involving multiple molecular coordinates.
High-resolution micro-epidemiology of parasite spatial and temporal dynamics in a high malaria transmission setting in Kenya
Authors: Nelson Cody S. , Sumner Kelsey M. , Freedman Elizabeth , Saelens Joseph W. , Obala Andrew A. , Mangeni Judith N. , Taylor Steve M. , O’Meara Wendy P.
Published: December 2019

Novel interventions that leverage the heterogeneity of parasite transmission are needed to achieve malaria elimination. To better understand spatial and temporal dynamics of transmission, we applied amplicon next-generation sequencing of two polymorphic gene regions (csp and ama1) to a cohort identified via reactive case detection in a high-transmission setting in western Kenya. From April 2013 to July 2014, we enrolled 442 symptomatic children with malaria, 442 matched controls, and all household members of both groups. Here, we evaluate genetic similarity between infected individuals using three indices: sharing of parasite haplotypes on binary and proportional scales and the L1 norm. Symptomatic children more commonly share haplotypes with their own household members. Furthermore, we observe robust temporal structuring of parasite genetic similarity and identify the unique molecular signature of an outbreak. These findings of both micro- and macro-scale organization of parasite populations might be harnessed to inform next-generation malaria control measures.
Assessment of mitral valve regurgitation by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Swift Andrew J. , Zhong Liang , Carlhäll Carl-Johan , Ebbers Tino , Westenberg Jos , Hope Michael D. , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Bax Jeroen J. , Myerson Saul G.
Published: December 2019

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common valvular heart disease and is the second most frequent indication for heart valve surgery in Western countries. Echocardiography is the recommended first-line test for the assessment of valvular heart disease, but cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) provides complementary information, especially for assessing MR severity and to plan the timing of intervention. As new CMR techniques for the assessment of MR have arisen, standardizing CMR protocols for research and clinical studies has become important in order to optimize diagnostic utility and support the wider use of CMR for the clinical assessment of MR. In this Consensus Statement, we provide a detailed description of the current evidence on the use of CMR for MR assessment, highlight its current clinical utility, and recommend a standardized CMR protocol and report for MR assessment.
A biomass derived porous carbon for broadband and lightweight microwave absorption
Authors: Zhang Zhu , Zhao Huanqin , Gu Weihua , Yang Lieji , Zhang Baoshan
Published: December 2019

With the continuous progress of science and technology, the traditional magnetic material is no longer able to meet the new complex electromagnetic (EM) environment due to its high bulk density. Therefore, the novel excellent EM absorber with the feature of thin thickness, low density, broad absorption bandwidth and strong absorption intensity is highly desired. Herein, we fabricated a porous carbon with ultrahigh porosity through a facile KOH activation from biomass waste pumpkin seed shell for lightweight EM wave absorption application. By optimizing the porous structures, the strong absorption intensity of −50.55 dB is achieved at thin thickness of 1.85 mm under low filler content of only 10 wt %. More interestingly, a broad frequency bandwidth of 7.4 GHz could cover the whole Ku band. These outstanding microwave absorption performances, couple with low cost ingredients and ease of fabrication process enable the porous carbon framework as the next generation promising candidate for lightweight and remarkable EM absorber.
Dye Clicked Thermoplastic Polyurethane as a Generic Platform toward Chromic-Polymer Applications
Authors: Seo Eunbyeol , Choi Jihyun , Lee Bumjae , Son Young-A , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: December 2019

Chromic dyes responding against external stimuli are useful in various field of applications especially to colorimetric sensors. However, there have been several limitations in generic application because of its cost, stability and reliability. Here, we introduced highly functionalizable polymeric materials as a supporter covalently modified with controlled amount of chromic dyes. The photochromic organic dye (spiropyran) and highly functional thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) have been adopted as a representative example. Conventional polymeric solution processes such as film processing, wet-spinning, electrospinning and ink-writing are readily applicable because dye-TPU maintains its own solubility in various organic solvents. Additionally, since the concentration of dye on TPU are precisely controllable, these dye-TPU solution can be adopted in broad range of specific applications, such as secret coding, smart fabric, and chromic polymeric film layer.
GCH1 (rs841) polymorphism in the nitric oxide-forming pathway has protective effects on obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Sheikhi Kouhsar Samaneh , Bigdeli Mohammadreza , Shakiba Yadollah , Sadeghniiat Khosro
Published: December 2019

Several studies have recently investigated the contribution of genetic factors in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients with OSA suffer from a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) serum level. This study investigated rs841, A930G p22phox, and rs1799983 polymorphisms in three critical genes involved in NO formation. A total of 94 patients with OSA and 100 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. Results showed there was no association between rs841, A930G p22phox and rs1799983 polymorphism and the risk of OSA (P = 0.51,P = 0.4 andP = 0.33, respectively). Moreover, rs841 GA genotype had a reverse relationship with the severity of OSA (P = 0.005). On the other hand, rs841 GA and A930G p22phox AA genotypes had a protective effect on daytime sleepiness in OSA patients (P = 0.01andP = 0.02, respectively). Additionally, the combination of rs841 and A930G p22phox (AG/AG and AG/AA) genotypes was significantly associated with a reduction in daytime sleepiness in OSA patients (P = 0.03 andP = 0.03, respectively). According to the results of our study, GA genotype of rs841 and GA/AA genotypes of A930G p22phox polymorphisms significantly reduced the severity of the problem and daytime sleepiness in OSA patients.
Direct arylation of C60Cl6 and C70Cl8 with carboxylic acids: a synthetic avenue to water-soluble fullerene derivatives with promising antiviral activity
Authors: Kraevaya Olga A. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Shchurik Elena V. , Martynenko Vyacheslav M. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Balzarini Jan , Schols Dominique , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: December 2019

Unprecedented Friedel–Crafts arylation of chlorofullerenes C60Cl6 and C70Cl8 with unprotected carboxylic acids has been utilized for efficient single-step synthesis of the inherently stable water-soluble fullerene derivatives.
Periodic mesoporous organosilica nanomaterials for rapid capture of VOCs
Authors: Attia Mohamed F. , Swasy Maria I. , Ateia Mohamed , Alexis Frank , Whitehead Daniel C.
Published: December 2019

Periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (PMO SiNPs) were developed for the targeted capture of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
A multifunnel energy landscape encodes the competing α-helix and β-hairpin conformations for a designed peptide
Authors: Chakraborty Debayan , Chebaro Yassmine , Wales David J.
Published: December 2019

The propensities to form different secondary structures are encoded in the multifunnel nature of the underlying free energy landscape, and conformational switching between such structures is a key element of protein folding and aggregation.
The solid-state structures and ligand cavity evaluation of lanthanide(iii) complexes of a DOTA analogue with a (dibenzylamino)methylphosphinate pendant arm
Authors: Urbanovský Peter , Kotek Jan , Císařová Ivana , Hermann Petr
Published: December 2019

A structural analysis of Ln(iii)-DOTA-like complexes helps to elucidate observed trends in the water exchange rate of Gd(iii)-based MRI contrast agents.
Beyond a heuristic analysis: integration of process and working-fluid design for organic Rankine cycles
Authors: Bowskill David H. , Tropp Uku Erik , Gopinath Smitha , Jackson George , Galindo Amparo , Adjiman Claire S.
Published: December 2019

A robust algorithm enables the identification of cycle and organic-fluid combinations that give high process performance, without heuristics.
Enhanced strength of nano-polycrystalline diamond by introducing boron carbide interlayers at the grain boundaries
Authors: Zhao Bo , Zhang Shengya , Duan Shuai , Song Jingyan , Li Xiangjun , Yang Bingchao , Chen Xin , Wang Chao , Yi Wencai , Wang Zhixiu , Liu Xiaobing
Published: December 2019

Polycrystalline diamond with high mechanical properties and excellent thermal stability plays an important role in industry and materials science.
Synthesis and characterization of protective silica reinforced hybrid poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/acrylate/silane nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Eduok Ubong , Faye Omar , Ohaeri Enyinnaya , Szpunar Jerzy , Akpan Inemesit
Published: December 2019

SiO2NP reinforced hybrid poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/acrylate/silane nanocomposite coatings are resistant to steel corrosion. SiO2NPs toughen the mechanical strength and increase the gross contact angle of coatings, also delay underfilm steel corrosion.
Exploiting pollen and sporopollenin for the sustainable production of microstructures
Authors: Pomelli Christian Silvio , D’Andrea Felicia , Mezzetta Andrea , Guazzelli Lorenzo
Published: December 2019

Pollen grains can be easily processed in order to obtain versatile and sustainable microcapsules.
A molecular electron density theory study of the enhanced reactivity of aza aromatic compounds participating in Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar , Pérez Patricia
Published: December 2019

The change of C–H by N: in these aromatic compounds decreases the ring electron density (RED), thus decreasing the activation energies of the aza Diels–Alder reactions mainly by the loss of the aromatic character of the reagents.
1 : 1 alternating and 1 : 2 sequence-controlled radical copolymerization of 1,3-pentadiene isomers with maleic anhydride/N-phenylalkyl maleimide
Authors: Liu Kun , Sun Min , Xie Fengli , Hu Cainan , Yang Zan , Li An , Xia JinKui , Qiu Xu , Wang Xu , Deng Haoyun
Published: December 2019

The competition between the Diels–Alder cycloaddition and the sequence-controlled radical copolymerization of maleic anhydride/N-phenylalkyl maleimide (MAH/NPMI) with 1,3-pentadiene (PD) isomers was investigated.
Silane/iodonium salt as redox/thermal/photoinitiating systems in radical and cationic polymerizations for laser write and composites
Authors: Wang Dengxia , Garra Patxi , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevée Jacques
Published: December 2019

Methylphenylsilane (MPS) and octadecylsilane (ODS) are originally proposed here combined with iodonium salt as a highly versatile triple initiating system for redox, photo and thermal polymerizations (both radical and cationic).
High energy-storage performance of PLZS antiferroelectric multilayer ceramic capacitors
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Li Yong , Sun Ningning , Hao Xihong
Published: December 2019

A design methodology for developing antiferroelectric multilayer ceramic capacitors with high energy-storage performance.
(4 + 3) cycloadditions of allenyl ether-derived oxygen-stabilized oxyallyls with furans
Authors: Huang Xian , Thor Waygen , Feng Xiangyu , Kang Liangliang , Yang Min , Lee Chi-Sing , Cheng Yuen-Kit , He Shuzhong
Published: December 2019

(4 + 3) Cycloadditions between allenyl ethers and furans are described. The reaction features anin situformation of oxygen-stabilized oxyallylsviaepoxidations of allenyl ethers in the presence of H2PO4−.
Chemical modification of the adeno-associated virus capsid to improve gene delivery
Authors: Mével Mathieu , Bouzelha Mohammed , Leray Aurélien , Pacouret Simon , Guilbaud Mickael , Penaud-Budloo Magalie , Alvarez-Dorta Dimitri , Dubreil Laurence , Gouin Sébastien G. , Combal Jean Philippe , Hommel Mirja , Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza Gloria , Blouin Véronique , Moullier Philippe , Adjali Oumeya , Deniaud David , Ayuso Eduard
Published: December 2019

Bioconjugated AAV vectors, achieved by coupling of ligands on amino groups of the capsid, are of great interest for gene delivery. Chemical modifications can be used to enhance cell tropism and to decrease interactions with neutralizing antibodies.
Uncommon structural and bonding properties in Ag16B4O10
Authors: Kovalevskiy Anton , Yin Congling , Nuss Jürgen , Wedig Ulrich , Jansen Martin
Published: December 2019

Ag16B4O10, obtainedviahydrothermal synthesis, displays an unprecedented bonding scheme, hosting excess electrons localized pairwise in cluster-like silver subunits.
Production of formate by CO2 electrochemical reduction and its application in energy storage
Authors: Xiang Hang , Miller Hamish Andrew , Bellini Marco , Christensen Henriette , Scott Keith , Rasul Shahid , Yu Eileen H.
Published: December 2019

Formate as a medium for CO2 utilisation and energy storage.
Serum albumin level for prediction of all-cause mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Lingjun , Chen Miaomiao , Lin Xiaoping
Published: December 2019

The prognostic utility of serum albumin level as a predictor of survival in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has attracted considerable attention. This meta-analysis sought to investigate the prognostic value of serum albumin level for predicting all-cause mortality in ACS patients. A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed and Embase databases until 5 March 2019. Epidemiological studies investigating the association between serum albumin level and all-cause mortality risk in ACS patients were included. Eight studies comprising 21667 ACS patients were included. Meta-analysis indicated that ACS patients with low serum albumin level had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR] 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68–2.75) after adjusting for important covariates. Subgroup analysis showed that the impact of low serum albumin level was stronger in hospital mortality (RR 3.09; 95% CI 1.70–5.61) than long-term all-cause mortality (RR 1.75; 95% CI 1.54–1.98). This meta-analysis demonstrates that low serum albumin level is a powerful predictor of all-cause mortality in ACS patients, even after adjusting usual confounding factors. However, there is lack of clinical trials to demonstrate that correcting serum albumin level by means of intravenous infusion reduces the excess risk of death in ACS patients.
Measuring precise radial velocities on individual spectral lines
Authors: Cretignier M. , Dumusque X. , Allart R. , Pepe F. , Lovis C.
Published: December 2019

Context.Although the new generation of radial-velocity (RV) instruments such as ESPRESSO are expected to reach the long-term precision required to find other earths, the RV measurements are contaminated by some signal from stellar activity. This makes these detections hard.

Aims.Based on real observations, we here demonstrate for the first time the effect of stellar activity on the RV of individual spectral lines. Recent studies have shown that this is probably the key for mitigating this perturbing signal. By measuring the line-by-line RV of each individual spectral line in the 2010 HARPS RV measurements ofαCen B, we study their sensitivity to telluric line contamination and line profile asymmetry. After selecting lines on which we are confident to measure a real Doppler-shift, we study the different effects of the RV signal that is induced by stellar activity on spectral lines based on their physical properties.

Results.We estimate that at least 89% of the lines that appear in the spectrum ofαCen B for which we measure a reliable RV are correlated with the stellar activity signal (Pearson correlation coefficientR> 0.3 at 2σ). This can be interpreted as those lines being sensitive to the inhibition of the convective blueshift observed in active regions. Because the velocity of the convective blueshift increases with physical depth inside the stellar atmosphere, we find that the effect induced by stellar activity on the RV of individual spectral lines is inversely proportional to the line depth. The stellar activity signal can be mitigated down to ~0.8–0.9 m s−1either by selecting lines that are less sensitive to activity or by using the difference between the RV of the spectral lines that are formed at different depths in the stellar atmosphere as an activity proxy.

Conclusions.This paper shows for the first time that based on real observations of solar-type stars, it is possible to measure the RV effect of stellar activity on the RV of individual spectral lines. Our results are very promising and demonstrate that analysing the RV of individual spectral lines is probably one of the solutions to mitigate stellar activity signal in RV measurements down to a level enabling the detection of other earths.
Spatially separated continuum sources revealed by microlensing in the gravitationally lensed broad absorption line quasar SDSS J081830.46+060138.0
Authors: Hutsemékers D. , Sluse D. , Kumar P.
Published: December 2019

Gravitational microlensing is a powerful tool for probing the inner structure of distant quasars. In this context, we have obtained spectropolarimetric observations of the two images of the broad absorption line (BAL) quasar SDSS J081830.46+060138.0 (J0818+0601) at redshift z ≃ 2.35. We first show that J0818+0601 is actually gravitationally lensed, and not a binary quasar. A strong absorption system detected at z = 1.0065 ± 0.0002 is possibly due to the lensing galaxy. Microlensing is observed in one image and it magnifies the emission lines, the continuum, and the BALs differently. By disentangling the part of the spectrum that is microlensed from the part that is not microlensed, we unveil two sources of continuum that must be spatially separated: a compact one, which is microlensed, and an extended one, which is not microlensed and contributes to two thirds of the total continuum emission. J0818+0601 is the second BAL quasar in which an extended source of rest-frame ultraviolet continuum is found. We also find that the images are differently polarized, suggesting that the two continua might be differently polarized. Our analysis provides constraints on the BAL flow. In particular, we find that the outflow is seen with a nonzero onset velocity, and stratified according to ionization.
Using the StokesVwidths of Fe I lines for diagnostics of the intrinsic solar photospheric magnetic field
Authors: Gordovskyy M. , Shelyag S. , Browning P. K. , Lozitsky V. G.
Published: December 2019

Aims.The goal of this study is to explore a novel method for the solar photospheric magnetic field diagnostics using StokesVwidths of different magnetosensitive Fe I spectral lines.

Methods.We calculate StokesIandVprofiles of several Fe I lines based on a one-dimensional photospheric model VAL C using the NICOLE radiative transfer code. These profiles are used to produce calibration curves linking the intrinsic magnetic field values with the widths of blue peaks of StokesVprofiles. The obtained calibration curves are then tested using the Stokes profiles calculated for more realistic photospheric models based on magnetohydrodynamic of magneto-convection.

Results.It is shown that the developed StokesVwidths method can be used with various optical and near-infrared lines. Out of six lines considered in this study, Fe I 6301 line appears to be the most effective: it is sensitive to fields over ∼200 G and does not show any saturation up to ∼2 kG. Other lines considered can also be used for the photospheric field diagnostics with this method, however, only in narrower field value ranges, typically from about 100 G to 700–1000 G.

Conclusions.The developed method can be a useful alternative to the classical magnetic line ratio method, particularly when the choice of lines is limited.
The analytical solution of Newton’s aerodynamic problem in the class of bodies with vertical plane of symmetry and developable side boundary
Authors: Lokutsievskiy L.V. , Zelikin M.I.
Published: December 2019

The method of Hessian measures is used to find the differential equation that defines the optimal shape of nonrotationally symmetric bodies with minimal resistance moving in a rare medium. The synthesis of optimal solutions is described. A theorem on the optimality of the obtained solutions is proved.
Multiplicative controllability for nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations between sign-changing states
Authors: Floridia G. , Nitsch C. , Trombetti C.
Published: December 2019

In this paper we study the global approximate multiplicative controllability for nonlinear degenerate parabolic Cauchy problems. In particular, we consider a one-dimensional semilinear degenerate reaction-diffusion equation in divergence form governed via the coefficient of the reaction term (bilinear or multiplicative control). The above one-dimensional equation is degenerate since the diffusion coefficient is positive on the interior of the spatial domain and vanishes at the boundary points. Furthermore, two different kinds of degenerate diffusion coefficient are distinguished and studied in this paper: the weakly degenerate case, that is, if the reciprocal of the diffusion coefficient is summable, and the strongly degenerate case, that is, if that reciprocal isn’t summable. In our main result we show that the above systems can be steered from an initial continuous state that admits a finite number of points of sign change to a target state with the same number of changes of sign in the same order. Our method uses a recent technique introduced for uniformly parabolic equations employing the shifting of the points of sign change by making use of a finite sequence of initial-value pure diffusion problems. Our interest in degenerate reaction-diffusion equations is motivated by the study of some energy balance models in climatology (see,e.g., the Budyko-Sellers model) and some models in population genetics (see,e.g., the Fleming-Viot model).
Determination of stresses in salt rocks byhydraulic fracturing: Case-study
Authors: Leontiev Arkady , Rubtsova Ekaterina , Skulkin Alexander
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the experimental results of stress assessment in salt rock mass around underground excavations in Solikamsk Mines 1, 2 and 3, Uralkali, at the Upper Kama potash deposit. The experiments were a part of the geomechanical research aimed at justification of project designs and engineering solutions made in selection of safe and efficient mining methods, including safety of watertight strata. The experimental works were accomplished using the measurement and computation system Gidrorazryv designed at the Institute of Mining, SB RAS. In the salt rock testing, the system was equipped with new-design downhole survey tool and wireless communication between pressure sensors and portable computer. The sites for measurement stations were selected with regard to current mining situation, distance between the sites and stoping front, absence of undermining or overmining and installability of drilling equipment. A particular attention was paid to a drilling tool capable of geometrically accurate drilling in salt rock mass, in compliance with standards of the hydraulic fracturing stress measurement technique. In the tests, the method of directional hydrofracturing with softening of measurement hole boundary by cutting initiation slots was implemented. All in all, 75 hydraulic fracturing tests were carried in adjacent rock mass in the mines. It is found that stress state in roof rocks of underground excavations is nonuniform: the vertical stress is similar to the calculated value due to weight of overlying rocks while the horizontal stresses exceed the gravitational stress by 2–3 times.
Reflection Method for Mathematical Modeling of Potential Fields in Multi-Layer Media
Authors: Yaremko Oleg , Yaremko Natalia
Published: December 2019

In this paper, potential fields in areas with plane and circular symmetry have been studied. In this case, the field potential is defined as the sum of solutions of Dirichlet model boundary value problems. The reflection method is used for the modeling of stationary thermal fields in multilayer media. By applying the reflection method, we found analytical solutions of boundary value problems with boundary conditions of the fourth kind for the Laplace equations and developed new computational algorithms. The developed algorithms can be easily implemented and transformed into a computer code. First of all, these algorithms implement consistent solutions of the Dirichlet problems for the model domains that allows using libraries of subroutines. Secondly, they have high algorithmic efficiency. It has been shown that reflection method is identical to the method of transformation operators and proved that transformation operator can be decomposed into a series of successive reflections from the external and internal boundaries. Finally, a physical interpretation of the reflection method has been discussed in detail.
Numerical Simulation of Abrikosov Vortex at Columnar Defect in Superconductor
Authors: Fedirko V.A. , Polyakov S.V. , Kasatkin A.L. , Fedirko M.V.
Published: December 2019

We report a numerical modeling of single vortex depinning and its subsequent dynamics in HTS film with extended linear defects under the influence of the transport current. Numerical simulation of stable pinned vortex state and its escape from a linear defect has been performed. The non-stationary dynamics of vortex escape has been investigated and time-dependent solution for vortex displacement from the defect has been obtained. The delay effect in vortex escape process has been studied and the time delay has been estimated. The impact of processes being studied on electrodynamic properties of a superconductor has also been discussed. The dynamics of vortex escape from columnar pinning site described in the present work is important both for understanding of vortex dynamics and applying high-Tc superconductors with columnar defects.
Electromagnetic Radiation and Heat Transfer in Disperse Systems Consisting of Spherical and Cylindrical Particles
Authors: Uvarova Lyudmila A. , Krivenko Irina V. , Smirnova Marina A. , Nadykto Alexey B.
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the electromagnetic radiation transfer in systems of spherical disperse particles with different optical characteristics. A model of the electromagnetic radiation transfer in cylindrical particles containing a small volume of different chemical substance is developed. The substance differs substantially from that of the particle in a radiation absorption coefficient for the wavelength under study in the long wave approximation. The finite element method is used to calculate the temperature field for the system of spherical particles in a two-dimensional approximation. The configurations of particle packing is chosen on a random basis, which significantly complicated the calculations, the longitudinal and transverse diameters of particle clusters, the distance between centers of two largest particles, and similar natural geometric properties have been considered as characteristic system dimensions.The possibility of controlling heat transfer in such systems is studied. It follows from our model calculations that both electromagnetic and thermal interaction of dispersed particles can be noticeable at large distances between their centers; that near the boundary of the dispersed particle there is a thermal surface layer of the particle, where the temperature distribution is essentially heterogeneous. It is concluded that the thermal mechanism of destruction of a weakly absorbing particle due to a strong increase in temperature because of electromagnetic resonance in a neighboring particle with a strong absorption. It is established that the effect of collective influences in polydisperse system can change temperature by more than 1,5 times.
Nonlinear Concave Spiral Waves in Active Media Transferring Energy
Authors: Mazurov Mikhail
Published: December 2019

Spiral concave autowaves are widely implemented in physics, chemistry, hydrodynamics, meteorology and other fields. A mathematical model of spiral concave autowaves based on the Fitzhugh-Nagumo equation and modified axiomatic models are presented. The existence of spiral concave autowaves transferring energy was predicted via computational experiments. Applications of spiral concave autowaves carrying energy in hydrodynamics, generation of tornadoes, breaking waves, and tsunamis and examples of such autowaves in biology and medicine are reviewed and the importance of concave spiral autowaves transferring energy is emphasized.
Photosynthetic Electron Transfer by Dint of Protein Mobile Carriers. Multi-particle Brownian and Molecular Modeling
Authors: Riznichenk Galina , Kovalenko Ilya , Fedorov Vladimir , Khruschev Sergei , Rubin Andrey
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the review of works on modeling the interaction of photosynthetic proteins using the multiparticle Brownian dynamics method developed at the Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University. The method describes the displacement of individual macromolecules – mobile electron carriers, and their electrostatic interactions between each other and with pigment-protein complexes embedded in photosynthetic membrane. Three-dimensional models of the protein molecules were constructed on the basis of the data from the Protein Data Bank. We applied the Brownian methods coupled to molecular dynamic simulations to reveal the role of electrostatic interactions and conformational motions in the transfer of an electron from the cytochrome complex Cyt b6f) membrane we developed the model which combines events of proteins Pc diffusion along the thylakoid membrane, electrostatic interactions of Pc with the membrane charges, formation of Pc super-complexes with multienzyme complexes of Photosystem I and to the molecule of the mobile carrier plastocyanin (Pc) in plants, green algae and cyanic bacteria. Taking into account the interior of photosynthetic membrane we developed the model which combines events of proteins Pc diffusion along the thylakoid membrane, electrostatic interactions of Pc with the membrane charges, formation of Pc super-complexes with multienzyme complexes of Photosystem I and Cyt b6f, embedded in photosynthetic membrane, electron transfer and complex dissociation. Multiparticle Brownian simulation method can be used to consider the processes of protein interactions in subcellular systems in order to clarify the role of individual stages and the biophysical mechanisms of these processes.
Application of the Motion Detector and the Artificial Neural Network to Detect Vehicle Collisions: A Case Study
Authors: Atoyan Artem , Zolotov Oleg , Romanovskaya Yulia
Published: December 2019

Motor vehicle collisions are a common cause of deaths or/and injuries. The key to lowering the death rate and damages to the health of collision accident victims is a timely arrival of Emergency Services to the accident scene. In the paper, we present and discuss the first results of the design and implementation of the vehicles collision detection system, which is based on a motion detector (MD) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). To test MD and ANN separately, a small set of video records from traffic cameras that was not a part of a training dataset, were used. We found that while MD demonstrates reasonable performance, Haar Cascades-based pre-trained ANN requires significant improvements. Possible solutions to the aforementioned problem were proposed and discussed.
Structure and Implementation Principles of a Photonic Computer
Authors: Stepanenko Sergey
Published: December 2019

A structure and implementation principles of a photonic computer are proposed. Its operation is based on the effects of interaction between coherent light wave systems generated by a laser source. The performance of photonic computers, their power consumption, and physical dimensions are estimated. These estimates indicate a great potential advantage of photonic computers over electronic ones. In particular, analysis carried out in this study and the obtained estimates demonstrate that a photonic computer working on the light with a wavelength of 1530 can operate 104 – 105 times faster than up-to-date electronic computers with the same power consumption. Light waves of different wavelengths do not interact with each other. With a proper OLG implementation, several computations represented by light waves of different wavelengths can be run on a single photonic computer.
Fusing Data Processing in the Construction of Machine Vision Systems in Robotic Complexes
Authors: Zelensky Aleksandr , Semenishchev Evgenii , Gavlicky Aleksandr , Tolstova Irina , Frantc V.
Published: December 2019

The development of machine vision systems is based on the analysis of visual information recorded by sensitive matrices. This information is most often distorted by the presence of interfering factors represented by a noise component. The common causes of the noise include imperfect sensors, dust and aerosols, used ADCs, electromagnetic interference, and others. The presence of these noise components reduces the quality of the subsequent analysis. To implement systems that allow operating in the presence of a noise, a new approach, which allows parallel processing of data obtained in various electromagnetic ranges, has been proposed. The primary area of application of the approach are machine vision systems used in complex robotic cells. The use of additional data obtained by a group of sensors allows the formation of arrays of usefull information that provide successfull optimization of operations. The set of test data shows the applicability of the proposed approach to combined images in machine vision systems.
On Definition of BigData
Authors: Zolotov Oleg , Romanovskaya Yulia , Rzhannikova Varvara
Published: December 2019

The term Big Data (or BigData) is widely used in scientific, educational, and business literature; however, there does not exist a single definition that can be unreservedly called “canonical”. A careless use of Big Data term to promote commercial software further emphasizes the importance of this issue. In this paper, we have performed a review of definitions of Big Data and highlighted the principal features that are attributed to Big Data. We compared all these principal features with features of databases compiled using Edgar F. Codd’s publications, and showed that they are not unique and can also be attributed to the databases. Having studied C. Lynch original work, we proposed the definition of Big Data based on the so-called conservation institution. The key point of this definition is a shift from purely technical attitude towards public institutions. Since the current use of the Big Data term may lead to a loss of meaning. There is a need not only to spread out best practices but also to eliminate or minimize the use of dubious or misleading ones.
An Approach of Vibration Control Based on the Design of Three DOFs Active Vibration Damping Platform
Authors: Ye Yi , Guo Miaoxian
Published: December 2019

In this paper, an active vibration control platform is developed for milling processes. In this system, the workpiece is driven by a specially designed active platform to control the relative vibration between the tool and workpiece during milling processes. Numerical simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the control platform. Results indicate that maximum stress of the hinge mechanism of the platform is far less than the yield limit of the material, and the designed platform can meet the use requirements in terms of the maximum displacement and natural frequency.
Developing Physical Axiomatics: Results and Outcomes
Authors: Astafurova Maria
Published: December 2019

The ideology and scheme of physical axiomatics are proposed, the initial postulates and axioms are formulated. The essential principles of axiomatics are based on scientific statements and concepts that reflect the fundamental properties of the physical world. One of the obtained outcomes is the statement: “In the physical world, all homogeneous quantities are commensurable, and every real physical property is limited by a certain , The analysis of the problem of incommensurability of radius and circumference leads to the conclusion about the existence of a fundamental property of the physical world, different from space and time. This property is manifested in the forms of electric charges, electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic waves and fields. Given the nature of its manifestation, this property is called the “electromagnetic property”. The developed axiomatic system and the obtained consequences are the basis of the working model of the physical vacuum. On the basis of this model there have been derived the equations connecting parameters of basic interactions. The components of the internal energy of the physical vacuum are determined. One of these components determines the phenomenon of the Universe expansion. characteristic for this property, minimum nonzero value”. Homogeneous quantities are quantities of one and the same nature, relating to the manifestation of one and the same physical property.
Brachytherapie – ein vielseitiges Einsatzgebiet für MTRA
Authors: Rasch Renate
Published: December 2019

Abstract Dieser Artikel ist für alle MTRA mit Interesse an Strahlentherapie gerichtet. Diese Beschreibung über die Entwicklung, die physikalischen Grundlagen, die Einsatzmöglichkeiten und deren unterschiedliche Anwendung lässt erkennen, wie vielseitig und verantwortungsbewusst das Tätigkeitfeld eines / einer MTRA auf diesem Gebiet ist.
Pädagogisches Studium – Pflicht oder Kür?
Authors: Wiertz Michael
Published: December 2019

Das Studium der Medizinpädagogik vermittelt das medizinische Know-how und die pädagogischen Ansätze, um im Anschluss an Schulen entsprechend der eigenen beruflichen Ausbildung zu lehren. Darüber hinaus sollen die Absolventinnen und Absolventen in der Lage sein, über den eigenen Tellerrand hinauszublicken.