bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From cellular memory to the memory of trauma: Social epigenetics and its public circulation
Authors: Dubois Michel , Guaspare Catherine
Published: January 2020

Trauma is associated with the appearance of the concept of ‘accident’ as a social and legal entity, as well as with the successive discoveries of surgery, psychiatrics, and psychoanalysis. Today, epigenetics has redefined trauma as an extreme form of social adversity. Because of the exceptional nature of the events studied and also the social and political significance of its results, the social epigenetics of historical trauma has received undeniable public success. The present article investigates the general dynamics of this research front, as well as the forms and consequences of its public circulation. We highlight the specificity of the circulation modes associated with social epigenetics and the myriad ways it has been used socially and politically. This study addresses four registers of action in particular: to attest, to repair, to intervene, and to treat. The social circulation of the epigenetics of trauma is as influenced by the public’s willingness to see it as socially and politically relevant as it is by the ability of researchers to prepare this collective appropriation through different forms of public engagement. Finally this study allows us to refute the dichotomic conception of the genetics/epigenetics relationship, which is too frequently the foundation for making epigenetics academically acceptable in the social sciences.
Effect of the spatial variation of permeability on air bubble creation and compression
Authors: Aaboud Bouchra , Bizet Laurent , Saouab Abdelghani , Nawab Yasir
Published: January 2020

Tow bundles inside a quasi-unidirectional non-crimp fabric are maintained by sewing threads that induce variation in the bundles’ shape. Indeed, the sewing threads apply a light clamping force that gives a periodical and sinusoidal shape to the tow’s cross-sectional area. This tow cross-sectional area heterogeneity, as a function of position in the fabric, induces a variation of the permeability values. Consequently, while injecting liquid into the fibrous bed, preform's impregnation is influenced as well as the fabric’s void content. The aim of this paper is to consider the effect of tow cross-sectional area heterogeneity on the quality of the manufactured composite part. It leads to reveal the influence of the fibrous reinforcement’s microstructure on the air bubble creation and compression phenomena, especially in terms of process time and the micro and macro air bubble distribution.
Costs and Outcomes of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit With Cancer
Authors: Zheng Bo , Reardon Peter M. , Fernando Shannon M. , Webber Colleen , Thavorn Kednapa , Thompson Laura H. , Tanuseputro Peter , Munshi Laveena , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

Cancer is associated with significant health-care expenditure, but few studies have examined the cost of patients with cancer in the intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to describe the costs and outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU with cancer.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted between 2011 and 2016 to 2 tertiary-care ICUs. We included patients with a cancer-related most responsible diagnosis using International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, Canada codes. We compared costs and outcomes of patients having cancer with noncancer controls matched for age, sex, and Elixhauser comorbidity score. We used logistic regression to determine predictors of mortality among patients with cancer.

Results:

There were 1022 patients with cancer during the study period. Mean age was 63.2 years and 577 (56.5%) were male. Inhospital mortality for all patients with cancer was 24.0%. Total cost per patient was higher for patients with cancer compared to noncancer patients (CAD$57 084 vs CAD$40 730; P < .001) but there were no differences in the cost per day (CAD$2868 vs CAD$2887; P = .76) or ICU cost (CAD$30 495 vs CAD$29 382; P = .42). Among patients with cancer, the cost per day was higher for nonsurvivors (CAD$3477 vs CAD$2677; P < .001). Liver disease (odds ratio [OR]: 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-7.81), mechanical ventilation (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.25-2.39), hematologic malignancy (OR: 3.88; 95% CI: 2.31-6.54), and unknown primary site (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.36-3.35) were independently associated with mortality in patients with cancer.

Conclusion:

Patients admitted to the ICU with cancer did not differ in cost per day, ICU cost, or mortality compared to matched noncancer controls. Among patients with cancer, nonsurvivors had significantly higher cost per day compared to survivors. Hematologic and unknown primaries, liver disease, and mechanical ventilation were independently associated with mortality in patients with cancer.
Exposure to Bullying Behaviors at Work and Depressive Tendencies: The Moderating Role of Victimization From Bullying During Adolescence
Authors: Hoprekstad Øystein Løvik , Hetland Jørn , Wold Bente , Torp Hilde , Valvatne Einarsen Ståle
Published: January 2020

The detrimental effects of exposure to bullying behaviors at work on employees’ mental health have been thoroughly documented. However, few studies have examined whether employees’ prior experiences with bullying may affect the strength of this relationship. The present study tested a model where victimization from bullying in adolescence was expected to (a) predict higher exposure to bullying behaviors at work and higher levels of depressive tendencies in adulthood and (b) strengthen the relationship between exposure to bullying behaviors at work and depressive tendencies (i.e., make employees more vulnerable). The hypotheses were tested using prospective data following a cohort of 536 Norwegian respondents over a time span of 17 years, from adolescence (age of 13) to adulthood (age of 30). Victimization from bullying in junior high school was measured at the age of 13, 14, and 15, and retrospectively at the age of 18. Exposure to bullying behaviors at work was measured at the age of 30, while depressive tendencies were measured at the age of 15 and at the age of 30. As predicted, those who had been bullied more (vs. less) in adolescence tended to have higher scores on depressive tendencies as adults and reported somewhat higher exposure to bullying behaviors at work. However, contrary to our predictions, the relationship between exposure to bullying behaviors at work and depressive tendencies in adulthood was weaker among those who had been bullied more (vs. less) in adolescence. The findings contribute to the scarce literature on the role of employees’ prior victimization experiences and question the notion that prior victimization from bullying produces long-term vulnerability to future experiences of bullying.
Proactive Personality as a Double-Edged Sword: The Mediating Role of Work–Family Conflict on Employee Outcomes
Authors: Altura Thomas G. , Rao Alaka N. , Virick Meghna
Published: January 2020

In this study, we examine the effects of proactive personality on employees’ perceptions of conflict in the work and family domains and work-related outcomes. We test our hypotheses using survey data collected from 1,150 employees. Our results indicate that proactive personality is associated with increased work-interference-in-family (WIF) but decreased family-interference-in-work (FIW). These opposing, domain-specific effects have masked hitherto hidden relationships that we highlight in this study. Using structural equation modeling, we demonstrate that WIF and FIW function as simultaneous mediating variables between proactive personality and turnover intentions as well as between proactive personality and job performance. Through an investigation of underlying mechanisms, this study advances a more nuanced portrait of how individual differences shape individual and organizational outcomes.
The Role of Developmental Networks in Building a Managerial Career
Authors: Ekonen Marianne , Heilmann Pia
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of developmental networks in a managerial career. We argue that the 21st-century managerial career is constructed in interaction with developmental networks. The people around one and the prevailing situation can either promote or restrict a person’s career. We search for answers to the questions of (1) what kinds of developmental networks exist and (2) how developmental networks affect managerial careers. We interviewed 16 managers, both male and female, in semistructured thematic interviews. We discovered six core narratives of developmental networks: enticers, recognizers, supporters, challengers, blockers, and demotivators. Our results highlight the importance of support and developmental networks in managerial careers.
The Humboldtian ideal meets employability? University teachers and the teaching–research relationship in marketized higher education
Authors: Macheridis Nikos , Paulsson Alexander , Pihl Håkan
Published: January 2020

This study examines how university teachers in two Swedish higher education institutions grapple with the challenge of connecting research and teaching. With the increasing pressure in higher education to improve graduate employability, teaching is expected to include skills-oriented, vocational training which may (or may not) conflict with the more traditional Humboldtian ideal, in which teaching is built on research. Drawing on the rich bodies of literatures on employability and the teaching–research relationship, the authors find that university teachers practice the relationship in four ways: by using scientific articles in the curriculum; by teaching students a critical research attitude; by lecturing about their own research results; and by relying on the formal skills of fellow teachers. These practices of establishing a close connection between teaching and research are, this study suggests, met with resistance from colleagues, who are perceived to favor vocational training and emphasize employability; from students, who are also perceived to worry about employability; and finally from other policies that target partially conflicting objectives, including those for employability.
A coordinated control law for inlet/outlet independent regulation of electro-hydraulic speed control system under sustained negative load
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Yunhua , Li Dong
Published: January 2020

Negative load operation is an inevitable operating condition for a completed task cycle of electro-hydraulic speed control system. In this working condition, to coordinate both tracking control and speed smooth regulation is necessary for avoiding stall. In this paper, a nonlinear coordinated control law aiming at independent regulation of inlet/outlet oil of valve-controlled electro-hydraulic speed system under sustained negative load is proposed. The overall control system can be divided into position tracking control subsystem and speed smooth control subsystem according to the function of the system operation. First, the coordinated control strategy is designed according to the requirements of speed tracking and speed smoothing. Then, for the coupling control problem existed in the system, a novel control law based on objective acceleration planning and expected back-pressure planning is presented. Furthermore, specified on the problem of uncertain random disturbance in practical applications, the extended state observer is designed, extending the summation of uncertain stochastic disturbance under sustained negative load into a new state variable. Finally, addressing the coordinated control strategy with expected back-pressure planning, we designed nonlinear decoupling control laws by using backstepping sliding mode robust control and backstepping sliding mode control based on extended state observer, respectively. The results of simulation and experiment show that the proposed nonlinear coordinated control strategy can provide the excellent coordination and robust performance for tracking control and speed smooth regulation.
Comparative study on interfacial oscillations of rectangular and elliptical liquid jets
Authors: Jaberi Amin , Tadjfar Mehran
Published: January 2020

The instability characteristics and flow structures of water jets injected from rectangular and elliptical nozzles with aspect ratios varying from 2 to 6 were experimentally studied and compared. Shadowgraph technique was employed for flow visualization, and structures on the liquid jet surface were captured using high speed photography. It was found that disturbances originating from the nozzle geometry initially perturbed the liquid column, and then, at high jet velocities, disturbances generated within the flow dominated the jet surface. It was also found that rectangular nozzles introduced more disturbances into the flow than the elliptical ones. The characteristic parameters of axis-switching phenomenon including wavelength, frequency, and amplitude were measured and compared. Axis-switching wavelength was found to increase linearly with Weber number. Also, the wavelengths of rectangular jets were longer than the elliptical jets. Further, the frequency of axis-switching was shown to be reduced with increase of both Weber number and aspect ratio. It was observed that the axis-switching amplitude increased monotonically, reached a peak, and then decreased gradually. It was also found that the axis-switching amplitude varied with Weber number. At lower values of Weber number, the rectangular nozzles had higher amplitude than the elliptical nozzles. However, at higher values of Weber number, this relation was reversed, and the elliptical nozzles had the higher axis-switching amplitudes. This reversal Weber number decreased with the orifice aspect ratio. The reversal Weber number for aspect ratio of 4 was about 289, and it had decreased to 144 for the aspect ratio of 6.
Factors associated with alcohol use before sex among HIV-negative female sex workers in Zambia
Authors: Malama Kalonde , Sagaon-Teyssier Luis , Parker Rachel , Tichacek Amanda , Sharkey Tyronza , Kilembe William , Inambao Mubiana , Price Matt A , Spire Bruno , Allen Susan
Published: January 2020

Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of HIV infection. Alcohol use prior to sex can compound this risk. We investigated the factors associated with having sex under the influence of alcohol among Zambian FSWs. Community health workers and peer FSWs recruited 331 HIV-negative FSWs in Lusaka and Ndola. In a cross-sectional survey, we asked FSWs how often they had sex under the influence of alcohol in the previous month and categorised responses as ‘always’ and ‘not always’. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of always having sex under the influence of alcohol were higher among FSWs who charged clients medium (AOR: 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–4.68) and low fees (AOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.26–5.60) for sex versus high fees; received 9–19 (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.15–4.91) and 20 or more clients per month (AOR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.47–6.37) versus up to 8 clients per month; and never used condoms versus always used condoms with clients (AOR: 4.21, 95% CI: 1.53–11.55). FSWs who always used alcohol before sex appeared more likely to engage in riskier sex and charge clients lower fees. Interventions for financial empowerment and alcohol risk reduction should complement existing HIV prevention interventions for FSWs.
New insights into antiphospholipid-related endothelial dysfunction by assessment of vascular glycocalyx layer: results from a preliminary cross-sectional study
Authors: Miranda S , Billoir P , Le Besnerais M , Joannides R , Richard V , Lévesque H , Armengol G , Bellien J , Benhamou Y
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with greater atherothrombotic risk and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that endothelial glycocalyx is impaired in this disease.

Objectives

The aim was to investigate the endothelial glycocalyx and the relationship between glycocalyx markers, endothelial dysfunction parameters and atherosclerotic markers in APS.

Methods

A total of 15 primary arterial APS patients and healthy controls were included in the study. Glycocalyx was assessed in both groups by sublingual sidestream dark field imaging and syndecan-1 plasma level. Endothelial function was evaluated by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and early atherosclerosis by carotid intima media thickness (IMT). Thrombotic profile was also performed by measuring the plasma level of the tissue factor (TF).

Results

APS patients had significantly increased syndecan-1 plasma level 38.6 ± 5.0 pg/ml vs. 19.1 ± 3.5 pg/ml; p < 0.01 and a reduced glycocalyx thickness 0.26 ± 0.03 µm vs. 0.75 ± 0.07 µm; p < 0.01 compared with control. FMD was impaired in APS patients compared with control, 5.68% ± 0.42 vs. 8.29 ± 0.30, p < 0.01, respectively. IMT was significantly increased in APS patients compared with control, 0.52 ± 0.13 mm vs. 0.40 ± 0.06 mm, p < 0.01, respectively. Soluble TF, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels were increased in the sera from APS patients compared with control.

Conclusions

This preliminary study supports, for the first time, that in APS patients endothelial glycocalyx is impaired, which could lead to thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerosis.
Impact of markers of endothelial injury and hypercoagulability on systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cicarini W Batista , Duarte R C Figueiredo , Ferreira K Silvestre , Loures C de Mello Gomes , Consoli R Vargas , Neiva C Lopes Santoro , de Pádua P Madureira , Nunes F Freire Campos , Alves L C Vieira , Reis E Afonso , Moreira C Coelho , Guimarães T M Pinto Dabés , de Toledo V de Paulo Coelho Peixoto , Carvalho M das Graças
Published: January 2020

We have explored the relationship between possible hemostatic changes and clinical manifestation of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a function of greater or lesser disease activity according to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) criteria. Endothelial injury and hypercoagulability were investigated in patients with SLE by measuring thrombomodulin (TM), D-dimer (DDi) and thrombin generation (TG) potential. A total of 90 participants were distributed into three groups: 1) women with SLE presenting with low disease activity (laSLE) (SLEDAI-2K ≤ 4), 2) women with SLE presenting with moderate to high disease activity (mhaSLE) (SLEDAI-2K > 4), and 3) a control group comprising healthy women.

Levels of TM and DDi were higher both in the laSLE and mhaSLE groups compared to controls and in mhaSLE compared to the laSLE group. With respect to TG assay, lagtime and endogen thrombin potential, low concentrations of tissue factor provided the best results for discrimination among groups. Analysis of these data allow us to conclude that TM, DDi and TG are potentially useful markers for discriminating patients with very active from those with lower active disease. Higher SLE activity may cause endothelial injury, resulting in higher TG and consequently a hypercoagulability state underlying the picture of thrombosis common in this inflammatory disease.
Investigating aquaphotomics for temperature-independent prediction of soluble solids content of pure apple juice
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Künnemeyer Rainer , McGlone Andrew
Published: January 2020

The methods of aquaphotomics were explored as an aid to improve near infrared spectroscopic predictive modelling of the soluble solids content of pure apple juice at different temperatures. The study focussed on the first overtone region of the O–H stretching vibration of water (1300–1600 nm). A transmission-based FT-NIR (Fourier transform near infrared) spectrometer was used to acquire 103 spectra of freshly expressed juice samples from individual ‘Braeburn’ apples over the wavelength range of 870–1800 nm with a 1 mm cuvette at three temperatures, 20, 25 and 30°C. The aquagram of the first overtone water region showed a trend of increasing bound water absorption with rising soluble solids content, from 7.3 to 13.7°Brix, and increasing free water absorption with rising temperature from 20 to 30°C. Predictive models for apple juice soluble solids content at 25°C were developed using partial least squares regression with spectral pre-processing by standard normal variate (SNV) followed by second derivative transformation (SNV + 2D) or no pre-processing on absorbance spectra at all. The best result, with lowest standard error of prediction of 0.38°Brix, was obtained using the first overtone water region with partial least squares regression on the SNV + 2D spectra. The method of extended multiplicative scatter correction was used, as an additional pre-processing step, to improve apple juice soluble solids content prediction at different temperatures. The interference component selected for the extended multiplicative scatter correction method was the first principal component loading measured using pure water samples taken at the same three temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C). Such extended multiplicative scatter correction pre-processing greatly reduced the soluble solids content prediction bias, when applying the partial least squares regression model developed at 20°C to samples measured at 25 and 30°C, from 0.23 to 0.08 and 0.36 to 0.13°Brix, respectively. Model precision (in terms of standard error of prediction) was also slightly improved by 0.02°Brix in each case, from 0.40 to 0.38 and 0.46 to 0.44°Brix at 25 and 30°C respectively.
Assessment of Asymmetric Information Cost in Indian Stock Market: A Sectoral Approach
Authors: Pan Aritra , Misra Arun Kumar
Published: January 2020

Bid-ask spread, along with profit, also encompass the impact of asymmetric information cost and order processing cost. Asymmetric information influences stock prices with varying degree of investors’ perception. Estimation of asymmetric information cost and its determinants have been explored significantly under low-frequency trading. The literature hardly attempts to study asymmetric information cost under high-frequency trading (HFT). Asymmetric information cost significantly influences bid-ask spread, and hence the nature of its impact under different market conditions needs to be analyzed under HFT. The study attempts to estimate asymmetric information cost in HFT and analyze its determinants under different industry sectors and market conditions. The study followed Affleck-Graves et al. (1994 , The Journal of Finance, 49(4), 1471–1488) model to estimate the asymmetric information cost using 5 minutes interval data for a period of 82 trading days. Information gets reflected in equity through the movement in price, variation in trading volume, and return volatility. The study has found share price, traded volume, return volatility and trading frequency as the major determinants of asymmetric information cost in different market conditions. The findings of the study have significant implications for market microstructure for trading, lowering information asymmetry in market and enhancing market quality.
Culturally Adapted Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Latino Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nelson Abbie , Ayers Esther , Sun Fei , Zhang Anao
Published: January 2020

Objectives:

Culturally adapted psychotherapeutic interventions have been developed to treat Latino depression and anxiety. Evidence is lacking regarding the overall effectiveness and generalizability of these adapted interventions. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychotherapeutic interventions for Latino depression or anxiety.

Method:

A search of nine electronic databases and manual review of reference lists were conducted. Thirteen studies of randomized controlled trials were eligible and included for meta-analysis using robust variance estimation in meta-regression.

Results:

An overall small treatment effect that is statistically significant was identified for Latino depression or anxiety of d = 0.334, 95% confidence interval [0.049, 0.619], p < .05.

Discussion and Implications:

More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of culturally adapted psychotherapeutic interventions for Latino depression or anxiety.
A Brief Motivational Intervention to Address Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: A Pilot Study
Authors: Trabold Nicole , Swogger Marc , McMahon James , Cerulli Catherine , Poleshuck Ellen
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is public health crisis that often goes unrecognized. Victims often report ongoing long-term physical and mental health consequences; however, health-care responses to address IPV have not been maximized. The standard of care of screening and referring to community organizations is not enough to help victims.

Method:

This mixed-methods pilot study enhanced the screening and referral standard of care by offering a brief motivational intervention (BNI-V) to six patients in an obstetrics and gynecology clinic.

Results:

Preliminary results indicate improved engagement into care and improvements in quality of life, trauma symptoms, and self-efficacy. Participants expressed high satisfaction with the intervention and improved perception of self.

Discussion:

This study demonstrates a feasible way to build on the screening and referral practices typically found in the health-care system.
Active vibration control of structural systems with a preview of a future seismic waveform generated by remote waveform observation data and an artificial intelligence–based waveform estimation system
Authors: Hiramoto Kazuhiko , Matsuoka Taichi
Published: January 2020

We propose a new active vibration control strategy of structural systems based on the information of future seismic waveform observed in remote observation sites. The observed waveform information of the remote site is transmitted by a waveform transmission network to the structure under control. The waveform transmission network is realized by interconnecting multiple controlled structures and observation sites. By using the remote waveform containing the future information of the disturbance at the location of the controlled structure, we propose an active control method that achieves fairly higher control performance over conventional methodologies. A preview control consisting of the state-feedback and feedforward control (preview action) is adopted as the control law. For the preview action, a future seismic waveform in some time interval is needed. Because the future seismic waveform is not available, the preview action contributing the performance improvement is generally impossible. To get over this difficulty, an artificial intelligence–based waveform estimation system to estimate the future seismic waveform is proposed. The core of the wave estimation system is a multi-layered artificial neural network. Through a small-scale simulation study with a recorded seismic event in Japan, we show that the proposed control method achieves much higher control performance over the optimized [Formula: see text] state-feedback control law.
A Novel BRCA1 Gene Mutation Detected With Breast Cancer in a Vietnamese Family by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing: A Case Report
Authors: Van Thuan Tran , Van Chu Nguyen , Khoa Pham Hong , Quang Nguyen Tien , Van Tu Dao , Tho Nguyen Thi Quynh , Huyen Phung Thi , Ha Bui Hai , Han Pham Thi , Long Duong Minh , Phuong Bach Thi Hoai
Published: January 2020

Hereditary breast cancer is an inherited genetic condition, mainly caused by BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. These genetic changes can increase the risks of breast and ovarian cancers in women, while prostate and breast cancers in men. Especially, mutations in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes take important roles in early-onset breast cancer. The present study focused on a 47-year-old Vietnamese woman with breast cancer by applying targeted next-generation sequencing technique. A novel BRCA1 gene mutation, namely NM_007294.3 (BRCA1): c.4998insA (p. Tyr1666Terfs), was identified both in this patient and in some of the members in her family proved the fact that the mutated genes passed down through generations. This change may exponentially initiate breast cancer risks and become a valuable marker for exact clinical prognosis and treatment.
Imagination in people and societies on the move: A sociocultural psychology perspective
Authors: Zittoun Tania
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a sociocultural psychology approach to mobility. It distinguishes geographical mobility, drawing on mobility studies, from symbolic mobility, that can be achieved through imagination. After the presentation of a theoretical framework, it examines the possible interplay between geographical and symbolic mobility through three case studies: that of people moving to a retirement home, that of a young woman’s trajectory through the Second World War in the UK, and that of families in repeated geographical mobility. The paper thus shows that imagination may expand or guide geographic mobility, but also, in some case, create some stability when geographic mobility becomes excessive. More importantly, it shows that over time, people engage in trajectories of imagination: their various geographical and symbolic mobilities can eventually transform their very mode of imagining.
Uncertainty-based robust optimal design of cleanroom air-conditioning systems considering life-cycle performance
Authors: Zhuang Chaoqun , Wang Shengwei
Published: January 2020

Strict and simultaneous space temperature and humidity controls are often required in many applications, such as hospitals, laboratories, cleanrooms for pharmaceutical and semiconductor manufacturing. The energy intensity in such applications can be up to 100 times than typical office buildings, mainly due to the improper system design and control. Although some uncertainty-based design methods have been developed for air-conditioning systems, most of the existing systems are designed based on a certain ventilation mode while neglecting the life-cycle performance of the components. This study, therefore, proposes a robust optimal design method for cleanroom air-conditioning systems, considering the uncertainties in design parameters for inputs and operation strategies as well as the life-cycle performance of components. An adaptive full-range decoupled ventilation strategy, which incorporated five operation modes, was adopted in the design optimization. Two maintenance modes were adopted and compared to consider the flexibility of maintenance. The proposed design method has been implemented and validated in the design optimization of an existing air-conditioning system. The results showed that, compared with the conventional design, up to 54% reduction of life-cycle costs and superior satisfaction of services could be achieved by using the proposed method.
Interest groups in the European Union and their hiring of political consultancies
Authors: Huwyler Oliver
Published: January 2020

Interest groups do not only attempt to influence European legislation by devising and executing their own strategies, or relying on their allies. Almost 50% have also experience in hiring political consultants. Using novel survey data from the policy formulation stage, this study shows that business interest groups are more likely to hire consultancies than non-business interest groups. It suggests that business associations’ higher likelihood of hiring consultancies is linked to membership promotion. For firms, it likely relates to their need for specialised lobbying tools and trust-building measures when seeking private goods from policy-makers. Furthermore, the results indicate that consultancy hiring by business interest groups becomes less likely the more they focus on lobbying. This moderation effect highlights that business interest groups show awareness of principal–agent problems and take mitigating action.
Integrating theory and practice in social work: An intervention with practitioners in Finland
Authors: Muurinen Heidi , Kääriäinen Aino
Published: January 2020

How could social workers apply theory in their everyday practice? According to John Dewey, theories are helpful instruments in analysing situations and forming hypotheses which are tested in practical experiments. Inspired by Dewey’s pragmatist philosophy, we designed a “Practice and Theory” pilot intervention group in which social workers were provided external, theory-driven supervision. This research is a three-case study of the pilot intervention group. Based on a thematic analysis of reflective discussions during the last group sessions and follow-up group interviews, we investigate the difficulties the social workers described in applying theoretical knowledge to practice. We explore what consequences they recognized when reflecting on and experimenting with theoretical knowledge. Our study demonstrates that the major barriers were lack of time and access to theories, difficulties in changing one’s own practice and establishing supportive structures, the lack of competence to understand the role theories and having become estranged theories. However, the positive consequences experienced in the three Practice and Theory groups suggest that the pilot intervention could serve as a potential model for integrating theoretical research into practice. The participants considered that reflecting theories enabled new understanding as well as allowed experimenting with new ways of operating. Participating in the group also improved social workers’ argumentation, helping them to recognize their own expertise. It also raised professional self-esteem and enabled self-development. In the group, the dialogical, reflective and experimental inquiry were key to understanding how theoretical knowledge can open new perspectives.
Investigation of the impact and post-impact behaviour of glass and glass/natural fibre hybrid composites made with various stacking sequences: Experimental and theoretical analysis
Authors: Selver Erdem , Dalfi Hussein , Yousaf Zeshan
Published: January 2020

In the present work, impact and post-impact response of thermoset composite laminates manufactured from glass, flax, jute fabrics and their hybrid combinations (glass/jute and glass/flax) made with various stacking sequences was studied. The low-velocity impact response of these laminates was investigated by drop-weight impact tests at different energy levels (20–50 J). Additionally, their post-impact behaviour was studied by compression after impact tests, measuring their residual compressive strength. Impact test results showed that glass composites had higher impact resistance than natural and hybrid composites. Moreover, the hybrid composites with glass fabric layers in the exterior resulted in better impact resistance compared to composites where glass fabric layers were placed in the interior with flax or jute fabrics. It was also observed that natural and hybrid composites absorbed more energy than that of glass composites between 20 and 40 J. Glass composites exhibited higher compression and compression after impact strength than natural and hybrid composites. However, hybrid composites had higher compression after impact strength retention (%) than glass composites due to less fibre damages. The numerical analysis was also conducted to simulate the intra-laminar damages and delamination failures. Good agreement was observed between numerical and experimental results.
Endovascular Treatment of an Extensive Iliocaval and Renal Vein Thrombosis Secondary to Inferior Vena Cava Stenosis and May-Thurner Type Iliac Vein Compression: A Case Report
Authors: Barge Thomas Frederick , Wilton Emma , Wigham Andrew
Published: January 2020

A 23-year-old presenting with an acute history of back pain, leg swelling, and claudication was diagnosed with an extensive iliocaval thrombosis, extending from the popliteal veins into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and left renal vein. He was treated with a combination of endovascular techniques, including EKOS and AngioJet. An underlying congenital IVC stenosis and May-Thurner type iliac vein compression were subsequently treated with venoplasty and stenting. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of EKOS for renal vein thrombosis and we highlight the complementary nature of different endovascular techniques for managing complex venous thrombotic disease.
Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Intermuscular Approach to the Brachial Plexus
Authors: Akaslan Ilhan , Ertas Ahmet , Uzel Mehmet , Ozdol Cagatay , Aghayev Kamran
Published: January 2020

Background: First rib resection and scalenectomy is a well-established treatment option for thoracic outlet syndrome. The posterior approach is rarely used due to extensive muscle sacrifice resulting in significant procedural morbidity. In this paper, we report the surgical anatomy of modified and less-invasive muscle-sparing posterior approach. Methods: Eleven human cadavers were used in this study. With specific care to preserve muscles’ integrity, the brachial plexus was exposed by dissecting through the posterior neck musculature. A muscular triangle was found under the trapezius muscle, which provided direct access to deeper structures. Four anatomical reference points were identified to denote a 3-dimensional space enclosing proximal brachial plexus. Results: A muscular triangle was found under the trapezius muscle in all cadavers. It was bordered infero-medially by rhomboid minor, supero-medially by splenius capitis, and laterally by levator scapula muscles. The inferomedial border (rhomboid) was 55 mm (48-80), superomedial border (splenius capitis) was 60.5 mm (42-89), and the lateral border (levator scapulae) was 99 mm (60-130). A consistent vein was present inside the triangle and could be used as an anatomical landmark. The 4 reference points were C5, T1 intervertebral foramina, transverse tubercle, and scalene tubercle of the first rib. Removal of the first rib could be performed without brachial plexus retraction. The latter was exposed from neural foramina to lateral border of the first rib. Conclusions: The posterior approach provides ample space to for exposure and manipulation with the first rib and proximal brachial plexus.
The optimization of accuracy and efficiency for multistage precision grinding process with an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Chen Zhanying , Li Xuekun , Zhu Zongyu , Zhao Zeming , Wang Liping , Jiang Sheng , Rong Yiming
Published: January 2020

For metal rolling, the quality of final rolled productions (for instance, metal sheets and metal foils) is affected by steel roll’s cylindricity. In roll grinding process, grinding parameters, which typically involve multiple substages, determine the steel roll’s quality and the grinding efficiency. In this article, a modified particle swarm optimization was presented to dispose of roll grinding multi-objective optimization. The minimization of steel roll’s cylindrical error and maximization of grinding efficiency were optimization objectives. To build the correlation between grinding parameters and cylindrical error, the response surface model of cylindrical error was regressed from the operation data of machine tool. The improved particle swarm optimization was employed to the roll grinding parameter optimization, and the optimal compromise solutions between grinding efficiency and cylindrical error were obtained. Based on the optimal compromise solutions, engineers or computer were capable to determine the corresponding most efficient roll grinding parameters according to the requirement of the final cylindrical error specification. To validate the efficacy of the improved particle swarm optimization, the validation experiment was carried out on the practical roll grinding operation. The error between the calculated optimized cylindrical error and experimental cylindrical error is less than 7.73%.
Competencies and training of health professionals engaged in health coaching: A systematic review
Authors: Singh Harjit K , Kennedy Gerard A , Stupans Ieva
Published: January 2020

Objective

A systematic review was undertaken in order to evaluate the competencies of primary healthcare professionals who are engaged with health coaching patients with chronic health conditions.

Methods

The databases CINHAL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO and SCOPUS were searched to identify peer reviewed papers referring to competencies of health professionals engaged in health coaching.

Results

Nine key competencies that health professionals met and which resulted in successful patient outcomes from health coaching were identified. Comparisons of the core health coaching competencies to the competencies for coaches established by the International Coaching Federation and European Mentoring and Coaching Council showed considerable overlap. However, the comparison also reiterated the need for competencies specific to health coaches to be made explicit.

Discussion

Health coaching has been shown to improve the health outcomes in patients with chronic health conditions. As such, there is a need to build an evidenced-based competency framework specific to health coaches. At present, the lack of a competency framework on which to base health coach training could significantly impact the outcomes of patients receiving health coaching. Practical implications include improving regulation and quality of health coaching, and more importantly, the health outcomes of patients receiving the service.
Healthcare experiences of urban young adult lesbians
Authors: Griffin Marybec , Jaiswal Jessica , Krytusa Dawn , Krause Kristen D , Kapadia Farzana , Halkitis Perry N
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

This cross-sectional study of young adult lesbians explores their healthcare experiences including having a primary care provider, forgone care, knowledge of where to obtain Pap testing, and sexually transmitted infection testing.

Methods:

Quantitative surveys were conducted at lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender venues and events with a sample of 100 young adult lesbians in New York City between June and October 2016. Using the Andersen model of healthcare access, this study examined associations between sociodemographic characteristics and healthcare experiences using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results:

Having a primary care provider was associated with having health insurance (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.9, p < 0.05). Both insurance (AOR = 0.2, p < 0.05) and employment (AOR = 0.2, p < 0.05) status were protective against foregone care among young adult lesbians. Disclosure of sexual orientation to a provider improved knowledge of where to access Pap testing (AOR = 7.5, p < 0.05). Disclosure of sexual orientation to friends and family improved knowledge of where to access sexually transmitted infection testing (AOR = 3.6, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Socioeconomic factors are significantly associated with healthcare access among young adult lesbians in New York City. Maintaining non-discrimination protections for both healthcare services and insurance coverage are important for this population. In addition, financial subsidies that lower the cost of health insurance coverage may also help improve healthcare access among young adult lesbians.
Polypharmacy and rationalisation of medications
Authors: Smith David M. , Friend Charlotte , Reeve Joanne
Published: January 2020

Growing numbers of people live with multi-morbidity. As patients’ lists of co-morbidities grow, so do the lists of their medications. Polypharmacy presents a significant challenge for both patients and clinicians. Polypharmacy can be appropriate, improving quality of life and life expectancy, but problematic, especially for patients living with frailty, and a growing burden. The task of trying to rationalise an extensive list of medications in a 10-minute appointment can seem like an impossible task. Guidance and support specifically aimed at trainees is limited. This article offers a starting point for GP trainees to stimulate their own exploration of this rapidly evolving subject.
Effect of Using Additional Readers for Flash Glucose Monitoring System on Metabolic Control, Safety, and the Incidence of Complications in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kublin Oskar , Stępień Mariusz
Published: January 2020

Background:

The FreeStyle Libre is a flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system, and glucose levels are measured when the reader is brought to the sensor. Additional readers allow for the conversion into a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system. These transmitters read data from the sensor and send them to a bluetooth-enabled device thanks to which the user acquires glucose measurements automatically. This modification allows the patient to receive alerts when blood glucose values are abnormal.

Methods:

The study relied on the results of an anonymous online survey conducted among patients with diabetes or their caregivers who use Facebook groups. A total of 132 respondents who met certain criteria (diabetic who use FGM system longer than 3 months, at least 14 days per month) were enrolled in the study.

Results:

A significant decrease in self-reported glycated hemoglobin levels was found in adults and children using readers (variable: age P = .008; time P < .001), regardless of the age. The use of additional readers was associated with a significant decrease in the number of self-reported episodes of hypoglycemia ( P < .001) and an improvement in the quality of life (based on self-reported limitations in everyday activities, social contacts, work/school, or doing sports).

Conclusion:

The use of additional readers for FGM system improves the metabolic control of diabetes and the quality of life, and has a positive effect on the safety of treatment. Flash glucose monitoring used together with additional readers operates as a CGM system and seems to be helpful for patients for the monitoring of interstitial levels of glucose; however, they should be careful when they use do it yourself solution.
Secret groups and open forums: Defining online support communities from the perspective of people affected by cancer
Authors: Harkin Lydia Jo , Beaver Kinta , Dey Paola , Choong Kartina Aisha
Published: January 2020

Objective

A quarter of people diagnosed with cancer lack social support. Online cancer communities could allow people to connect and support one another. However, the current proliferation of online support communities constitutes a range of online environments with differing communication capacities and limitations. It is unclear what is perceived as online cancer community support and how different features can help or hinder supportive group processes. This study aimed to explore how perceived support is influenced by the different features and formats of online support environments.

Methods

In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 individuals affected by a range of cancer diagnoses, including both cancer survivors and family members. Data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis guided by a constructivist epistemological perspective.

Findings

Online supportive communities were defined and differentiated by two themes. Firstly, ‘Open forums’ were identified with thematic properties which facilitated a uniquely informative environment including ‘Safety in anonymity’, ‘Perceived reliability’ and ‘Exposure and detachment’. Secondly, ‘Secret groups’ were identified with thematic properties which enhanced an emotionally supportive environment including ‘Personalised interactions’, an overt ‘Peer hierarchy’, and ‘Crossing the virtual divide’.

Conclusions

Properties of groups can engender different degrees of interpersonal relations and different supportive interactions. In particular, support community designers may want to adapt key features such as anonymity, trustworthiness of websites, and the personalised nature of conversations to influence the development of supportive environments. In personalised peer-led groups, it may be prudent to provide guidance on how to reassert a positive environment if arguments break out online.