bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coarsening Natural Deduction Proofs I: Finding Perfect Proofs
Authors: Brauer Ethan
Published: January 2024

This paper explores how, given a proof, we can systematically transform it into a proof that contains no irrelevancies and which is as strong as possible. I define a weaker and stronger notion of what counts as a proof with no irrelevancies, calling them perfect proofs and gaunt proofs, respectively. Using classical core logic to study classical validities and core logic to study intuitionistic validities, I show that every core proof or classical core proof can be transformed into a perfect proof. In a sequel paper, I show how proofs in core logic can also be transformed into gaunt proofs and I observe that this property fails for classical core logic.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Subvariant Neutralization Following a Primary Vaccine Series of NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 Monovalent Booster Vaccine
Authors: Babu Tara M , Shen Xiaoying , McClelland R Scott , Wang Zijun , Selke Stacy , Wilkens Chloe , Hauge Kirsten A , McClurkan Christopher L , Goecker Erin , Laing Kerry J , Koelle David M , Greninger Alexander L , Nussenzweig Michel C , Montefiori David C , Corey Lawrence , Wald Anna
Published: January 2024

We evaluated the immunologic response to a novel vaccine regimen that included 2 doses of NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax) followed by 1 dose of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) monovalent booster vaccine. A durable neutralizing antibody response to Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and BA.1 variants was observed at month 6 after the booster, while immune escape was noted for the XBB.1.5 variant.
Surviving the Potato Stems: Differences in Genes Required for Fitness by Dickeya dadantii and Dickeya dianthicola
Authors: Gonzalez-Tobon Juliana , Helmann Tyler , Stodghill Paul , Filiatrault Melanie
Published: January 2024

Bacteria belonging to the genus Dickeya cause blackleg and soft rot symptoms on many plant hosts, including potato. Although there is considerable knowledge about the genetic determinants that allow Dickeya to colonize host plants, as well as the genes that contribute to virulence, much is still unknown. To identify the genes important for fitness in potato stems, we constructed and evaluated randomly barcoded transposon mutant (RB-TnSeq) libraries of Dickeya dadantii and Dickeya dianthicola. We identified 169 and 157 genes important for growth in D. dadantii and D. dianthicola in stems, respectively. This included genes related to metabolic pathways, chemotaxis and motility, transcriptional regulation, transport across membranes, membrane biogenesis, detoxification mechanisms, and virulence-related genes, including a potential virulence cluster srfABC, c-di-GMP modulating genes, and pectin degradation genes. When we compared the results of the stem assay with other datasets, we identified genes important for growth in stems versus tubers and in vitro conditions. Additionally, our data showed differences in fitness determinants for D. dadantii and D. dianthicola. These data provide important insights into the mechanisms used by Dickeya when interacting with and colonizing plants and thus might provide targets for management.
Metastatic Undifferentiated Melanoma Mimicking a Primary Bone Tumor: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Wills Abby , Dibbern Megan , Frierson Henry F. , Raghavan Shyam S.
Published: January 2024

Undifferentiated melanoma (UM) is defined by the loss of classic morphologic and immunohistochemical melanocytic markers. Reports in the literature are rare and show that UM usually occurs as a metastasis in the setting of a known primary cutaneous melanoma. The most common mutations in UM include those involving BRAF, NRAS, and KIT, which are almost invariably present in the parent melanoma. In this study, we report a case of a primary sinonasal melanoma with metastatic UM presenting with osteoclast-like giant cells and resembling a primary bone tumor. The retention of an unusual KRAS mutation in UM that was also present in the primary lesion provided critical information for the diagnosis. Our report highlights the importance of considering mutational analysis to identify undifferentiated melanomas in patients with metastatic tumors which do not have the typical histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of melanoma.
Nasal Lining Repair: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Shah Kishan M. , Tate Jesalyn A. , Srivastava Divya , Nijhawan Rajiv I.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Currently, there are limited reviews in the dermatology literature on how to approach reconstruction of nasal lining in full-thickness nasal defects resulting from Mohs micrographic surgery. Given variable training and experience, dermatologic surgeons may seek additional references to help reconstruct certain advanced defects. We sought to synthesize literature from dermatologic surgery, plastic surgery, and otolaryngology to review repair options and considerations for repair of nasal lining defects.

OBJECTIVE

To present a comprehensive literature review of repair options for nasal lining reconstruction and discuss advantages, disadvantages, specific anatomic considerations, and techniques to execute such options.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Articles from several different reconstructive specialties including dermatologic/Mohs surgery, otolaryngology, and plastic and reconstructive surgery were reviewed. Instructive images were compiled to illustrate several techniques, with additional medical illustration recreations included to help showcase important reconstructive approaches.

RESULTS

A comprehensive descriptive review of nasal lining repair options for the reconstructive surgeon.

CONCLUSION

Advanced tumors can result in full-thickness nasal defects, and this review describes various reconstructive options for reconstruction based on the extent of the defect.
Intravitreal enzyme replacement for inherited retinal diseases
Authors: Rodriguez-Martinez Ana Catalina , Wawrzynski James , Henderson Robert H.
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review

This paper provides an update on intravitreal (IVT) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in metabolic retinal diseases; particularly neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) also known as Batten disease.

Recent findings

ERT is being explored in CLN2 related Batten disease, a fatal neurodegenerative condition associated with retinopathy and blindness that is caused by the deficiency of lysosomal enzyme TPP1. Cerliponase alfa, a recombinant human tripeptidyl-peptidase1 (rhTPP1) administered by intraventricular infusions has been demonstrated to slow the rate of neurodegenerative decline but not retinopathy. A preclinical study of IVT rhTPP1 in a CLN2 canine model demonstrated efficacy in preserving retinal function and retinal morphology shown on histology. More recently, intravitreal (IVT) administration of rhTPP1 was reported in a first-in-human compassionate use study. Patients received 12–18 months of 8-weekly IVT ERT (0.2 mg rhTPP-1 in 0.05 ml) in one eye. No significant ocular adverse reactions were reported. Treatment decreased the rate of retinal thinning but modestly.

The evidence suggests that IVT ERT with rhTPP1 may be a safe and effective treatment for CLN2 retinopathy. However, the optimal dosage and frequency to achieve the best possible outcomes requires further investigation as does patient selection.
Perceived Benefit of Active Over Passive Strategies for Pathophysiology Learning and Retention Among Physician Assistant Students
Authors: Murphy Michelle Pauley , Hung Woei
Published: January 2024

Introduction

This study examines physician assistant (PA) student perceived benefit of active vs. passive studying strategies for learning and retaining physiology and pathophysiology content knowledge. Identifying beneficial studying strategies is crucial to building a strong content knowledge foundation to support PA students' clinical rotations.

Methods

Three cohorts of PA students (n = 64) were anonymously surveyed regarding perceived benefit of studying strategies for learning and retention of physiology and pathophysiology content knowledge. Students also ranked strategies from most to least beneficial.

Results

Strategies were identified during survey development pilot study as either active or passive. Physician assistant students rated the active strategies perceived benefit mean as significantly greater than the passive strategies mean for both the learning (t(61) = 9.24, P < .001, d = 1.38) and retention (t(58) = 8.19, P < .001, d = 1.21) conditions.

Discussion

This study provides evidence that PA students perceive active studying strategies to be more beneficial than passive strategies for acquiring physiology and pathophysiology content and retaining it into the clinical year.
Appendiceal actinomycosis mimicking malignant tumor: a rare case report
Authors: Khabyeh-Hasbani Nathan , Zino Sivan , Dima Elena , Avital Shmuel
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Actinomycosis is an uncommon bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces bacteria that typically progresses slowly and leads to the formation of masses. Although it commonly affects the cervicofacial area, about 20% of cases occur in the abdominopelvic region. Because the disease can be mistaken for a tumour due to its infiltrative mass-like nature on imaging, over 90% of cases are only diagnosed following surgery and histological confirmation. This report describes a case of an appendicular mass, initially suspected to be a malignant tumour, but eventually diagnosed as appendiceal actinomycosis.

Presentation of case:

Upon initial presentation, a 53-year-old woman with type II diabetes mellitus and no prior surgical history, displayed abnormal appendiceal uptake during a PET-computed tomography (CT) scan conducted for a suspected spinal tumour. Colonoscopy did not indicate any notable observations, and the patient chose to defer immediate action. Several months later, a CT scan revealed an increased mass-like appearance of the appendix compared to the previous PET-CT scan. After multidisciplinary discussions, a right laparoscopic hemicolectomy was recommended due to suspected malignancy. However, histological staining on microscopy confirmed actinomycosis originating from the appendix.

Discussion:

Chronic appendicitis with radiologic features similar to appendiceal carcinoma, or abdominal masses located in the ileocecal area, in patients with or without a previous surgical history should raise suspicion of actinomycosis.

Conclusion:

Appendiceal actinomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in the aetiology of chronic appendicitis mimicking appendiceal carcinoma. Awareness and accurate diagnosis of appendiceal actinomycosis can prevent unnecessary extended surgery as was performed in this case.
Successful pregnancy after cyclophosphamide therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report
Authors: Drie Tasneem , Alsamman Mhd Imadaldin , Tarcha Raghad , Haidar Ghina , Kudsi Maysoun
Published: January 2024

Introduction and importance:

The use of cyclophosphamide in women of childbearing age with severe systemic lupus erythematosus is normally indicated. However, cyclophosphamide is generally avoided during pregnancy due to the risk of teratogenicity, especially since its effect on fetal survival is poorly understood. This is a case report of a lupus patient exposed to cyclophosphamide during pregnancy.

Case presentation:

A 35-year-old woman with a history of lupus presented to our outpatient clinic in the 12th week of pregnancy for her sixth routine cyclophosphamide bolus. The fetal echocardiogram result with the gynecology consultation was normal with the recommendation for a medical termination of pregnancy, which has been refused by the patient. Shared decision-making with the patient included a discussion of the maternal risks of continuation of pregnancy in the setting of worsening systemic function and the fetal risks of definitive treatment with cyclophosphamide for a lupus flare and the patient decided to proceed with the pregnancy. Treatment with immunosuppressants, including azathioprine was initiated replacing cyclophosphamide with close monitoring of her and the fetus every month.

Clinical discussion:

The first trimester of pregnancy seems to be particularly susceptible to fetal malformations, although CPA effects on fetuses in later stages of pregnancy are also reported occasionally. Nonetheless, its repercussions on fetal survival remain poorly comprehended.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, exposing pregnancy to cyclophosphamide could end with pregnancy loss. Based on our experience, the survival of the fetus is strongly in doubt when cyclophosphamide is required to treat lupus in the mother. However, in rare cases, it could be without complications.
Hidden blood loss in three different endoscopic spinal procedures for lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Zhuang Haoxiang , Li Jiayi , Guo Sijia , An Ning , Fan Zihan , Tan Haining , Lin Jisheng , Su Nan , Yang Yong , Fei Qi , Meng Hai
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

This study compared hidden blood loss (HBL) among three different endoscopic spinal procedures and investigated its risk factors.

Patients and methods:

This single-centre retrospective analysis collected data from consecutive hospitalized patients with single-segment lumbar disc herniation (LDH) undergoing unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy (UBE), percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD), or percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) from December 2020 to October 2022. HBL was calculated using Nadler’s and Gross’s formulas. The authors used Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation analysis to explore the relationship between patient characteristics and HBL. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for HBL.

Results:

In total, 122 consecutive patients (68 females and 54 males) were enroled in this study. The average HBL was 381.87±218.01 ml in the UBE group, 252.05±118.44 ml in the PETD group and 229.63±143.9 ml in the PEID group (P<0.05). Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that operative time, preoperative haemoglobin, preoperative haematocrit, and preoperative Albumin (ALB) were correlated with HBL in the UBE group, while sex, age, operative time, postoperative ALB, and patients’ blood volume (PBV) were related to HBL in the PETD group (P<0.05). Operative time and preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time were related to HBL in the PEID group (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between HBL and operative time in all three groups (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.05).

Conclusion:

HBL was higher in the UBE group than in the PETD and PEID groups, and operative time may be a common risk factor for the three groups.
Hydroxyurea for secondary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell anaemia: a systematic review of clinical evidence and outcomes
Authors: Aderinto Nicholas , Olatunji Gbolahan , Kokori Emmanuel , Abdulbasit Muili
Published: January 2024

Background:

Stroke remains one of the leading complications of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in children. Traditionally, SCA treatment focused on symptom relief. However, the high incidence of strokes in children has prompted a reevaluation of treatment, particularly hydroxyurea, for secondary stroke prevention. This study assesses hydroxyurea’s effectiveness and safety in preventing secondary strokes in paediatric SCA patients.

Methods:

This systematic review followed a pre-defined protocol registered with PROSPERO. Comprehensive searches were conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library up to August 2023. Studies were included involving paediatric SCA patients at risk of secondary stroke, assessing hydroxyurea as the primary intervention.

Results:

A total of six studies meeting inclusion criteria were included. The effectiveness of hydroxyurea in preventing secondary strokes, with variable responses reported across studies. Adverse effects, including mild neutropenia, are associated with hydroxyurea treatment but with variability in reported toxicity levels.

Conclusion:

Hydroxyurea holds promise in preventing recurrent strokes in children with SCA, though its efficacy and safety profiles vary among individuals. Optimal dosages and treatment durations require further investigation, necessitating vigilant monitoring of haematological parameters. Future research should refine dosing strategies, consider individual patient characteristics, assess long-term effects, and explore ancillary benefits beyond stroke prevention.
Bednar’s tumor at right shoulder in an adult male: a case report of a rare entity
Authors: Acharya Bimarsh , Yadav Dev K. , Chetry Ankita , Chhetri Pooja , Chhetri Priya , Shah Divyani
Published: January 2024

Introduction and importance:

Bednar tumor, a rare variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a tumor with low malignant potential. Owing to limited studies, the pathogenesis and risk factor of this tumor are not clearly understood. The tumor extends from the epidermis to the dermal layers and even affects the surrounding bone. Here, the authors present a case of a 48-year-old male with a Bednar tumor, which was successfully managed by wide local excision and flap repair.

Case presentation:

Our patient presented to the hospital after the reappearance of mass, 6 years after the excision of the previously misdiagnosed lipoma. Vitals and systematic examination were normal. Local examination revealed an oval-shaped mass with a glistening surface on the right shoulder. The patient underwent wide excision and skin flap surgery for the treatment, and the diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry for the CD34 marker.

Clinical discussion:

Bednar tumor is an infrequent skin tumor linked to genetic anomalies and is one of the rare variants [(<0.1%) of skin tumors]. Diagnosis can be done by histopathological examination and CD34 marker positivity via immunohistochemistry. This tumor is mistaken for lipoma, leading to recurrent growth postexcision. The tumor demands a broader resection due to the high chances of reoccurrence. Although Mohs micrographic surgery is the ideal approach, its limited availability in resource-constrained settings prompts alternative strategies.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the challenges of diagnosis, the rarity of the condition, and the need for vigilant follow-up due to the tumor’s propensity for recurrence.
Stability of Ocular Alignment After Teprotumumab Therapy in a Cohort of Patients With Thyroid Eye Disease and Baseline Diplopia
Authors: Davis James B. , Mudalegundi Shwetha , Henderson Amanda D. , Carey Andrew R.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Teprotumumab is a monoclonal antibody that is effective in treating patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) and has been shown to produce subjective improvements in diplopia in this group. The aims of this study were to evaluate the rate and timing of recurrence/worsening of diplopia after teprotumumab treatment in a cohort of patients with TED presenting with diplopia at baseline.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of 15 patients with diplopia secondary to TED, treated with teprotumumab, was conducted in a single-center academic institution. The primary outcome was the rate of recurrence/worsening of diplopia after completing teprotumumab. Secondary outcomes include the time to recurrence/worsening of diplopia and clinical activity scores (CAS) to correlate with changes in ocular alignment.

Results:

Fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria for this study, and 7 of these had recurrence of diplopia (46.7%). Two patients had worsening of CAS to ≥4, 6 had worsening of CAS to 3, and the other 7 had CAS ≤2 during the follow-up period. The mean follow-up period was 20.4 months (SD 7.2) after completing teprotumumab. The mean time to diplopia recurrence/worsening was 8.8 months (range 6.7–12.2, SD 1.8).

Conclusions:

Patients with TED and baseline diplopia have a substantial rate of recurrence/worsening of diplopia after teprotumumab therapy, suggesting that they may not have stable ocular alignment immediately after treatment. Strabismus surgeons may need to weigh the significant risk of disease relapse when planning optimum timing for surgical correction.
Originality conundrum: British education of engineers in Meiji Japan (1868–1912)
Authors: Yoshida Tomoko
Published: January 2024

Britain played a vital role in the early years of Meiji Japan (1868–1912), when the country was undergoing rapid transformation as it adopted Western technologies like railroads and the telegraph. The British influence extended beyond simply transferring technical skills, however. Young, idealistic British instructors wanted to help cultivate in their Japanese students the spirit of an engineer—an independent and creative mindset that could change the world. In teaching these ideas, the British professors were fighting against a widespread prejudice that the Japanese were innately imitative and lacked the ability to think creatively and take initiative. This paper focuses on the pedagogical approach of professors at the Imperial College of Engineering, Tokyo, and its effect on the careers of their students. The main protagonists of this story are Henry Dyer, the College's principal, and two of his students, railway engineer Minami Kiyoshi and biochemist Takamine Jōkichi.
Hearables: feasibility of recording cardiac rhythms from single in-ear locations
Authors: Yarici Metin , Von Rosenberg Wilhelm , Hammour Ghena , Davies Harry , Amadori Pierluigi , Ling Nico , Demiris Yiannis , Mandic Danilo P.
Published: January 2024

The ear is well positioned to accommodate both brain and vital signs monitoring, via so-called hearable devices. Consequently, ear-based electroencephalography has recently garnered great interest. However, despite the considerable potential of hearable based cardiac monitoring, the biophysics and characteristic cardiac rhythm of ear-based electrocardiography (ECG) are not yet well understood. To this end, we map the cardiac potential on the ear through volume conductor modelling and measurements on multiple subjects. In addition, in order to demonstrate real-world feasibility of in-ear ECG, measurements are conducted throughout a long-time simulated driving task. As a means of evaluation, the correspondence between the cardiac rhythms obtained via the ear-based and standard Lead I measurements, with respect to the shape and timing of the cardiac rhythm, is verified through three measures of similarity: the Pearson correlation, and measures of amplitude and timing deviations. A high correspondence between the cardiac rhythms obtained via the ear-based and Lead I measurements is rigorously confirmed through agreement between simulation and measurement, while the real-world feasibility was conclusively demonstrated through efficacious cardiac rhythm monitoring during prolonged driving. This work opens new avenues for seamless, hearable-based cardiac monitoring that extends beyond heart rate detection to offer cardiac rhythm examination in the community.
Fish can use coordinated fin motions to recapture their own vortex wake energy
Authors: Tack Nils B. , Du Clos Kevin T. , Gemmell Brad J.
Published: January 2024

During swimming, many fishes use pectoral fins for propulsion and, in the process, move substantial amounts of water rearward. However, the effect that this upstream wake has on the caudal fin remains largely unexplored. By coordinating motions of the caudal fin with the pectoral fins, fishes have the potential to create constructive flow interactions which may act to partially recapture the upstream energy lost in the pectoral fin wake. Using experimentally derived velocity and pressure fields for the silver mojarra (
Eucinostomus argenteus
), we show that pectoral–caudal fin (PCF) coordination enables the circulation and interception of pectoral fin wake vortices by the caudal fin. This acts to transfer energy to the caudal fin and enhance its hydrodynamic efficiency at swimming speeds where this behaviour occurs. We also find that mojarras commonly use PCF coordination in nature. The results offer new insights into the evolutionary drivers and behavioural plasticity of fish swimming as well as for developing more capable bioinspired underwater vehicles.
Blacklegged ticks,
Ixodes scapularis
, reduce predation risk by eavesdropping on communication signals of
Formica oreas
thatching ants
Authors: Gooding Claire E. , Pinard Charlotte , Gries Regine , Devireddy Anand , Gries Gerhard
Published: January 2024

Ticks spend most of their life inhabiting leaf litter and detritus where they are protected from sun but preyed upon by ants. Ants secrete chemical communication signals to coordinate group tasks such as nest defence. Ticks that avoid ant semiochemicals—as indicators of ant presence—would reduce predation risk by ants. We tested the hypotheses that: (i) chemical deposits from the thatching ant
Formica oreas
deter blacklegged ticks,
Ixodes scapularis
, (ii) deterrent semiochemicals originate from the ants' poison and/or Dufour's gland(s), and (iii) tick-deterrent semiochemicals serve as alarm-recruitment pheromone components in
F. oreas
. In two-choice olfactometer bioassays, filter paper soiled with ant chemical deposits significantly deterred female and male ticks. Poison and Dufour's gland extracts deterred ticks in combination but not alone. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of gland extracts revealed formic acid as the major constituent in the poison gland and eight hydrocarbons as constituents in the Dufour's gland. Synthetic formic acid and hydrocarbons deterred ticks only when combined.
F. oreas
workers sprayed both formic acid and hydrocarbons when distressed. A synthetic blend of these compounds elicited alarm-recruitment responses by
F. oreas
in behavioural bioassays. All results combined indicate that ticks eavesdrop on the ants' communication system.
Atypical presentation of varicella-zoster virus reactivation in a lung transplant patient: a case report
Authors: Hoff Ingrid , Rath Eivind , Pena-Karan Slobodanka , Sivy Nginamau Elisabeth , Holm Are Martin , Thune Turid , Mustafa Tehmina
Published: January 2024

Background: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic virus which commonly causes infection during childhood. Later in life it may reactivate as herpes zoster. We report a rare manifestation of reactivation of VZV infection presenting as cutaneous vasculitis and varicella pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient. 
Case presentation: A 65 year old man was lung transplanted bilaterally for emphysema. Nine months post-transplant he presented with dyspnea and a cutaneous vasculitis-like eruption. VZV reactivation was not suspected due to absence of the typical vesicular eruptions. The diagnosis was confirmed by VZV PCR from the swabs of the ulcer after skin punch biopsy of a lesion and from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The histology of skin biopsy demonstrated epithelial and vascular damage but no typical epithelial virus associated changes. The patient responded to antiviral therapy with total remission of rash and VZV DNA was not detectable from repeated BAL after 29 days of therapy. However, the pulmonary radiological features and dyspnea persisted due to reasons possibly unrelated to the VZV infection.
Conclusion: Had it not been for the patient to mention the resemblance of the vasculitic rash with his primary VZV infection, the diagnosis would easily have been overlooked. In this case, the biopsy did not show typical histopathologic findings of VZV-vasculitis. What led the diagnosis was PCR from the wound swab taken after punch biopsy. This case serves as a reminder for atypical presentation of common conditions in immunosuppressed patients and that extensive diagnostic sampling may be warranted in this group.
Unraveling consumer behavioral intentions to adopt solar water heaters in India using UTAUT model
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot , Ritu Rajveer Kaur , Kaur Amanpreet
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The present study identifies the factors that impact behavioral intentions to adopt solar water heaters (SWHs) and examines their relationship with behavioral intentions using an extended “Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology” (UTAUT) model.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a primary survey to collect data from 423 respondents across seven Indian states selected through purposive sampling. The collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS software and “Structural Equation Modeling” (SEM) was performed using SmartPLS 3.5.5.

Findings

The results suggest that social influence is the most significant factor affecting SWH adoption, followed by effort, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions. The perceived cost negatively affects behavioral intentions and social influence on behavioral intentions is partially mediated by facilitating conditions. People prefer SWHs if they are easy to install and compatible with other home appliances. Positive perception of friends and family, easy access and government incentives contribute to SWH adoption.

Practical implications

SWH adoption can be promoted by designing sector-specific programs and improving ease of installation, operation, maintenance and after-sale services.

Originality/value

This study explores the behavioral intentions of individuals in India to adopt SWHs. India is a developing tropical country with a high potential for SWH adoption but has not received much attention. Further, the research integrates the perceived cost construct in the UTAUT model and examines the partial mediation impact of facilitating conditions to improve the model’s comprehensibility.
Measuring the growth and impact of library and information science research in India: a multidimensional scientometric assessment
Authors: Muzamil Mushtaq Muzamil Mushtaq , Malik Basharat Ahmad , Khan Nida
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide insight into Library and Information Science (LIS) research in India using scientometric approaches. Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS databases were used for data retrieval. The study examines productivity in terms of source types, gender distribution, document formats, authorship and other factors. In addition, this study sought to identify trends or patterns in the research preferences of LIS scientists through text analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were downloaded from the WoS and Scopus databases over 22 years and analysed using VOSviewer, Orange, Biblioshiny and CRExplorer softwares.

Findings

The findings reveal that 5,692 out of the 9,384 documents in both databases underwent the final examination. In total, 466 different sources produced all of those papers. Author analysis revealed that 6,603 different authors authored 5,692 documents. There were 4,209 male and 1,063 female authors. Furthermore, India shares maximum collaborations with the USA and England. The spectrogram features nine significant peaks corresponding to Lotka’s, Bradford’s and similar laws. Text analysis revealed that Indian LIS researchers have consistently investigated open access and digital or open libraries.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study will provide readers with a better understanding of India’s contribution to LIS. In addition, the study will help academics identify research gaps and undiscovered areas in the Indian context that require further investigation.

Originality/value

Not many studies highlight Indian research trends and international collaboration in LIS. This study highlights research trends, collaboration and gender productivity in LIS. The most cited references and trending topics were also identified using reference publication year spectroscopy and text analysis techniques.
Sustainability reporting and total quality management post-pandemic: the role of environmental, social, governance (ESG), and smart technology adoption
Authors: Kang Alexandra S. , Arikrishnan Shivaranjhani
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to espouse the concept of sustainable environment, social and governance (ESG) practices as the proxies of sustainability reporting (SR). In the presence of smart technology adoption (STA), ESG drives total quality management (TQM) of sustainability matters in advanced medical device (AMD) companies post-pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses two stages of rigorous data collection. Two focus groups comprising board members, investment advisers and senior managers of AMD were formed to establish the external validity of the constructs proposition. It then used a Web survey to solicit 240 respondents from AMD. Data were analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to provide robustness of predictive power in the model estimation.

Findings

Results show SR has positively impacted TQM. It reveals positive relationships between SR and ESG and ESG and TQM. Findings indicate that STA moderates the relationships between ESG and TQM with large effect sizes.

Research limitations/implications

This study offers direction to expedite strategies and action plans by sustainability practitioners in an asymptotic quest for ESG and TQM best practices. Future research should focus on the protection of sustainable social using qualitative methodology.

Originality/value

Using the lens of corporate sustainability, this study develops a framework that integrates ESG, TQM and STA to examine the synergistic effects post pandemic. It provides evidence that ESG practices and STA adoption drive TQM in transition to attain sustainability among the AMD at the country level.
Understanding the impact of ethical leadership on followers' voice: mediation of moral identity and moderation of proactive personality
Authors: Zahoor Kanwal , Qadeer Faisal , Sheeraz Muhammad , Hameed Imran
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Drawing upon social learning theory (SLT), the study examines the consequences of ethical leadership on followers' voice behavior facets (promotive and prohibitive). The study tests hypotheses about the processing mechanism (moral identity) and the boundary condition (proactive personality) to understand these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collected time-lagged survey data through an online structured questionnaire from 182 respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to ensure the validity and reliability of the data. Moreover, structural equation modeling was run to test the hypotheses using AMOS.

Findings

Ethical leadership positively affects followers' promotive and prohibitive voice behavior via the psychological mechanism of moral identity. Proactive personality moderates the moral identity – promotive and moral identity – prohibitive voice relationships, such that these relations are stronger when the individuals are high on proactive personality.

Research limitations/implications

Robust evidence of a genuine cause-and-effect relationship may not be yielded owing to cross-sectional and self-reported data at the follower level of analysis. Future researchers can use dyadic, longitudinal and experimental designs to overcome these limitations. Organizations targeting to increase voice behavior can benefit from maintaining ethical leaders and proactive followers at the workplace.

Originality/value

The study significantly contributes to the ethical leadership and voice behavior literature. Ethical leadership enhances followers' promotive/prohibitive voice behaviors through their moral identity enhancement. The paper also confirmed that a proactive personality is a critical boundary condition in these relationships. Empirical evidence from the Eastern context has been added, and research directions have also been provided.
How do the determinants of investment decisions get prioritized? Peeking into the minds of investors
Authors: Sood Kirti , Pathak Prachi , Gupta Sanjay
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Investment decisions hold immense significance for investors and eventually affect their portfolio performance. Investors are advised to weigh the costs and benefits associated with every decision in order to make rational investment decisions. However, behavioral finance research reveals that investors' choices often stem from a blend of economic, psychological and sociological factors, leading to irrationality. Moreover, environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) factors, aligned with behavioral finance hypotheses, also sway opinions and stock prices. Hence, this study aims to identify how individual equity investors prioritize key determinants of investment decisions in the Indian stock market.

Design/methodology/approach

The current research gathered data from 391 individual equity investors through a structured questionnaire. Thereafter, a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) was used to meet the purpose of the research.

Findings

Information availability, representative heuristics belonging to psychological factors and macroeconomic indicators falling under economic factors were discovered to be the three most prioritized criteria, whereas environmental issues within the realm of ESG factors, recommendations of brokers or investment consultants of sociological factors, and social issues belonging to ESG factors were found to be the least prioritized criteria, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

Only active and experienced individual equity investors were surveyed in this study. Furthermore, with a sample size of 391 participants, the study was confined to individual equity investors in one nation, India.

Practical implications

This research has implications for individual investors, institutional investors, market regulators, corporations, financial advisors, portfolio managers, policymakers and society as a whole.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, no real attempt has been made to comprehend how active and experienced individual investors prioritize critical determinants of investment decisions by taking economic, psychological, sociological and ESG factors collectively under consideration.
Reflection on methodology of the correlation between electromagnetic interference and safety in high-speed railways
Authors: Liu Chang , Yang Shiwu , Yang Yixuan , Cao Hefei , Liu Shanghe
Published: January 2024

Purpose

In the continuous development of high-speed railways, ensuring the safety of the operation control system is crucial. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) faults in signaling equipment may cause transportation interruptions, delays and even threaten the safety of train operations. Exploring the impact of disturbances on signaling equipment and establishing evaluation methods for the correlation between EMI and safety is urgently needed.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper elaborates on the necessity and significance of studying the impact of EMI as an unavoidable and widespread risk factor in the external environment of high-speed railway operations and continuous development. The current status of research methods and achievements from the perspectives of standard systems, reliability analysis and safety assessment are examined layer by layer. Additionally, it provides prospects for innovative ideas for exploring the quantitative correlation between EMI and signaling safety.

Findings

Despite certain innovative achievements in both domestic and international standard systems and related research for ensuring and evaluating railway signaling safety, there’s a lack of quantitative and strategic research on the degradation of safety performance in signaling equipment due to EMI. A quantitative correlation between EMI and safety has yet to be established. On this basis, this paper proposes considerations for research methods pertaining to the correlation between EMI and safety.

Originality/value

This paper overviews a series of methods and outcomes derived from domestic and international studies regarding railway signaling safety, encompassing standard systems, reliability analysis and safety assessment. Recognizing the necessity for quantitatively describing and predicting the impact of EMI on high-speed railway signaling safety, an innovative approach using risk assessment techniques as a bridge to establish the correlation between EMI and signaling safety is proposed.
An exploratory study on the benefits of transit orientated development (TOD) to rail infrastructure projects
Authors: Farnes Ken , Hurst Neville , Wong Woon-Weng , Wilkinson Sara
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore and critique the benefits and disbenefits that transport orientated development (TOD) brings to neighbourhoods in proximity to public transport hubs.

Design/methodology/approach

This is an exploratory study that may also be described as a rapid review that aims to provide coverage of the available literature in a systematic process that is simplified to produce information in a timely manner. Due to the relatively small number of available studies from peer-reviewed sources, the variety of methods and data used and the constrained time available for this study, the study did not immediately lend itself to a more thorough systematic literature review.

Findings

The literature shows the discourse on TOD upholds its promise to create a high-density mixed-use walkable neighbourhood supported by transport infrastructure, increasing accessibility, minimising vehicle dependency, reducing traffic congestion, moderating urban sprawl and reducing pollution. There are few articles on the negative aspects of TOD, particularly concerning social exclusion, crime, sustainability and concerns about gentrification of neighbourhoods.

Research limitations/implications

The study did not immediately lend itself to a more thorough systematic literature review due to the relatively small number of available studies, the variety of methods and data used and the constrained time available for this study.

Originality/value

This study allows social investigators, policymakers and developers understand the benefits and disbenefits of TOD including policy implications regarding potential criminogenic factors.
Maximum likelihood outperforms binning methods for detecting differences in abundance size spectra across environmental gradients
Authors: Pomeranz Justin , Junker James R. , Gjoni Vojsava , Wesner Jeff S.
Published: January 2024

Individual body size distributions (ISD) within communities are remarkably consistent across habitats and spatiotemporal scales and can be represented by size spectra, which are described by a power law. The focus of size spectra analysis is to estimate the exponent () of the power law. A common application of size spectra studies is to detect anthropogenic pressures.

Many methods have been proposed for estimating most of which involve binning the data, counting the abundance within bins, and then fitting an ordinary least squares regression in log–log space. However, recent work has shown that binning procedures return biased estimates of compared to procedures that directly estimate using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). While it is clear that MLE produces less biased estimates of site‐specific λ's, it is less clear how this bias affects the ability to test for changes in λ across space and time, a common question in the ecological literature.

Here, we used simulation to compare the ability of two normalised binning methods (equal logarithmic and log2 bins) and MLE to (1) recapture known values of , and (2) recapture parameters in a linear regression measuring the change in across a hypothetical environmental gradient. We also compared the methods using two previously published body size datasets across a natural temperature gradient and an anthropogenic pollution gradient.

Maximum likelihood methods always performed better than common binning methods, which demonstrated consistent bias depending on the simulated values of . This bias carried over to the regressions, which were more accurate when was estimated using MLE compared to the binning procedures. Additionally, the variance in estimates using MLE methods is markedly reduced when compared to binning methods.

The error induced by binning methods can be of similar magnitudes as the variation previously published in experimental and observational studies, bringing into question the effect sizes of previously published results. However, while the methods produced different regression slope estimates, they were in qualitative agreement on the sign of those slopes (i.e. all negative or all positive). Our results provide further support for the direct estimation of and its relative variation across environmental gradients using MLE over the more common methods of binning.
Assessing the acceptability of implementing a Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment for alcohol use among transgender women in Bangkok, Thailand: A mixed‐method pre‐implementation study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Yimsaard Pongkwan , Mootz Jennifer J. , Rungnirundorn Teerayuth , Janamnuaysook Rena , Samitpol Kritima , Phanuphak Nittaya , Wainberg Milton L.
Published: January 2024

Background and aims

Health inequities related to alcohol use exist for transgender individuals. While the Thailand Ministry of Public Health recently published a clinical guideline to implement a Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) in primary care, there has been no study regarding transgender women's (TGW) alcohol use and the acceptability of implementing SBIRT in a Thai context, a gap this study aimed to fill.

Design

A mixed‐method approach was used. In the first phase, TGW service users and health‐care providers (HCPs) completed a survey on the acceptability of prospective implementation of SBIRT. TGW service users completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test‐Consumption (AUDIT‐C). In the second phase, TGW service users, HCPs, clinic administrators and national‐level alcohol, HIV and transgender health policymakers participated in in‐depth qualitative interviews.

Setting

The Tangerine Clinic, a transgender‐led sexual health clinic in Bangkok, Thailand.

Participants

In the first phase, TGW service users (n = 100) and HCP (n = 8) were surveyed. In the second phase, 22 stakeholders (n = 10 TGW service users; n = 8 HCP; n = 1 clinic administrator; n = 3 policymakers) were interviewed.

Measurements

Simple proportions were calculated for each survey item. Differences in acceptability by various demographic factors were calculated using univariate analysis. The qualitative data were coded using thematic analysis and a deductive approach. The results were mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains and constructs. The quantitative and qualitative results were triangulated to expand understanding.

Findings

Fifty per cent of the TGW participants exhibited problematic drinking levels (AUDIT‐C ≥ 4). Implementing SBIRT was highly acceptable, as more than 95% of participants reported agreeing or completely agreeing to receive SBIRT for alcohol use. Barriers, such as complexity, time constraint and lack of knowledge and skills, were anticipated. Adaptability, such as tailoring the content of brief intervention to suit TGW health needs and SBIRT to fit with existing clinic procedures, might facilitate successful implementation.

Conclusion

Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for alcohol use has the potential to be successfully implemented in transgender‐led sexual health clinic settings, with some adaptations to overcome anticipated barriers.
Early detection of multiple myeloma: A first step towards a screening programme
Authors: Scheid Christof , Landgren Ola
Published: January 2024

Novel therapies for multiple myeloma have substantially improved the prognosis, but before patients are able to benefit from treatment, a diagnosis must have been made. The Myeloma UK laboratory working group has developed a three‐part tool box to help primary care physicians to suspect myeloma despite mostly vague symptoms, to do the right tests and to derive the proper conclusions from the results.

Commentary on: Drayson et al. Laboratory practice is central to earlier myeloma diagnosis; utilising a primary care diagnostic tool and laboratory guidelines integrated into haematology services. Br J Haematol 2024;204:476‐486.