bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and properties of Fe5Cr5SiTiCoNbMoW coating by laser cladding
Authors: Guo Y. X. , Liu Q. B. , Zhou F.
Published: August 2016

To improve anti-corrosion and wear resistance, a new kind of Fe5Cr5SiTiCoNbMoW high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating was fabricated successfully on Q235 by laser cladding technology. The microstructure, phase structure, microhardness, anti-corrosion and wear resistance were researched using metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, microhardness tester, electrochemical workstation as well as friction and wear testing machine, respectively. The experimental results show that the microstructure of cladding coating is composed of dendrite and eutectic crystal. The main phase in the coating is single body-centered cubic solid solution. The anti-corrosion of HEA coating is better than that of 304 stainless steel in NaCl solution. Moreover, the average microhardness of HEA coating is nearly 600 HV0.2, which is almost five times higher than that of Q235 substrate. The HEA coating is of low friction coefficient and mass loss, exhibiting excellent wear resistance.
Anticorrosive and lubricating polyphenol coatings on galvanneal steel
Authors: Jain R. , Bhagawati B. , Khandagiri P. , Shamshoddin S. , Bhadu M. K. , Rout T. K. , Das S.
Published: August 2016

Phosphate ion containing acidic polyphenol coating solutions were developed as to mitigate the deleterious effect of corrosion on galvannealed iron surface. The influence of manganese sulphate, manganese phosphate and polyethylene wax in polyphenol coatings were investigated to reduce the powdering of complex-shaped galvannealed structures and corrosion effect. Moreover, the reactivity of coating at the surface was evaluated by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Low surface integration within 3.5% NaCl environment and frictional behaviour was achieved with 0.5% manganese phosphate in polyphenol coated coupon by electrochemical and mechanical testing respectively.
Voluntary exercise increases IgA concentration and polymeric Ig receptor expression in the rat submandibular gland
Authors: Kurimoto Yuki , Saruta Juri , To Masahiro , Yamamoto Yuko , Kimura Koji , Tsukinoki Keiichi
Published: August 2016

Salivary IgA—a primary factor in local immunity of the oral cavity—plays an important role in maintaining local immune function in the oral cavity and prevent upper respiratory tract infections. Oral IgA levels are known to fluctuate in an exercise-dependent manner; thus, we investigated the effects of voluntary exercise on salivary IgA secretion in rats to better understand the mechanism by which this occurs. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were placed in individual cages with or without access to exercise wheels for three weeks. Notably, animals who engaged in voluntary exercise demonstrated significant increases in IgA concentration in saliva and submandibular gland tissue, as well as a markedly higher salivary IgA flow rate. Moreover, active rats also exhibited elevated polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) mRNA expression in submandibular gland tissue. Collectively, these results suggest that voluntary exercise may increase salivary IgA concentration and boost immune function in the oral cavity.
RECQ5 helicase promotes resolution of conflicts between replication and transcription in human cells
Authors: Urban Vaclav , Dobrovolna Jana , Hühn Daniela , Fryzelkova Jana , Bartek Jiri , Janscak Pavel
Published: August 2016

Collisions between replication and transcription machineries represent a significant source of genomic instability. RECQ5 DNA helicase binds to RNA-polymerase (RNAP) II during transcription elongation and suppresses transcription-associated genomic instability. Here, we show that RECQ5 also associates with RNAPI and enforces the stability of ribosomal DNA arrays. We demonstrate that RECQ5 associates with transcription complexes in DNA replication foci and counteracts replication fork stalling in RNAPI- and RNAPII-transcribed genes, suggesting that RECQ5 exerts its genome-stabilizing effect by acting at sites of replication-transcription collisions. Moreover, RECQ5-deficient cells accumulate RAD18 foci and BRCA1-dependent RAD51 foci that are both formed at sites of interference between replication and transcription and likely represent unresolved replication intermediates. Finally, we provide evidence for a novel mechanism of resolution of replication-transcription collisions wherein the interaction between RECQ5 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) promotes RAD18-dependent PCNA ubiquitination and the helicase activity of RECQ5 promotes the processing of replication intermediates.
TMX1 determines cancer cell metabolism as a thiol-based modulator of ER–mitochondria Ca2+ flux
Authors: Raturi Arun , Gutiérrez Tomás , Ortiz-Sandoval Carolina , Ruangkittisakul Araya , Herrera-Cruz Maria Sol , Rockley Jeremy P. , Gesson Kevin , Ourdev Dimitar , Lou Phing-How , Lucchinetti Eliana , Tahbaz Nasser , Zaugg Michael , Baksh Shairaz , Ballanyi Klaus , Simmen Thomas
Published: August 2016

The flux of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria regulates mitochondria metabolism. Within tumor tissue, mitochondria metabolism is frequently repressed, leading to chemotherapy resistance and increased growth of the tumor mass. Therefore, altered ER–mitochondria Ca2+ flux could be a cancer hallmark, but only a few regulatory proteins of this mechanism are currently known. One candidate is the redox-sensitive oxidoreductase TMX1 that is enriched on the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), the site of ER–mitochondria Ca2+ flux. Our findings demonstrate that cancer cells with low TMX1 exhibit increased ER Ca2+, accelerated cytosolic Ca2+ clearance, and reduced Ca2+ transfer to mitochondria. Thus, low levels of TMX1 reduce ER–mitochondria contacts, shift bioenergetics away from mitochondria, and accelerate tumor growth. For its role in intracellular ER–mitochondria Ca2+ flux, TMX1 requires its thioredoxin motif and palmitoylation to target to the MAM. As a thiol-based tumor suppressor, TMX1 increases mitochondrial ATP production and apoptosis progression.
A Toll receptor–FoxO pathway represses Pavarotti/MKLP1 to promote microtubule dynamics in motoneurons
Authors: McLaughlin Colleen N. , Nechipurenko Inna V. , Liu Nan , Broihier Heather T.
Published: August 2016

FoxO proteins are evolutionarily conserved regulators of neuronal structure and function, yet the neuron-specific pathways within which they act are poorly understood. To elucidate neuronal FoxO function in Drosophila melanogaster, we first screened for FoxO’s upstream regulators and downstream effectors. On the upstream side, we present genetic and molecular pathway analyses indicating that the Toll-6 receptor, the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain adaptor dSARM, and FoxO function in a linear pathway. On the downstream side, we find that Toll-6–FoxO signaling represses the mitotic kinesin Pavarotti/MKLP1 (Pav-KLP), which itself attenuates microtubule (MT) dynamics. We next probed in vivo functions for this novel pathway and found that it is essential for axon transport and structural plasticity in motoneurons. We demonstrate that elevated expression of Pav-KLP underlies transport and plasticity phenotypes in pathway mutants, indicating that Toll-6–FoxO signaling promotes MT dynamics by limiting Pav-KLP expression. In addition to uncovering a novel molecular pathway, our work reveals an unexpected function for dynamic MTs in enabling rapid activity-dependent structural plasticity.
Thymic CD4 T cell selection requires attenuation of March8-mediated MHCII turnover in cortical epithelial cells through CD83
Authors: von Rohrscheidt Julia , Petrozziello Elisabetta , Nedjic Jelena , Federle Christine , Krzyzak Lena , Ploegh Hidde L. , Ishido Satoshi , Steinkasserer Alexander , Klein Ludger
Published: August 2016

Deficiency of CD83 in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) dramatically impairs thymic CD4 T cell selection. CD83 can exert cell-intrinsic and –extrinsic functions through discrete protein domains, but it remains unclear how CD83’s capacity to operate through these alternative functional modules relates to its crucial role in TECs. In this study, using viral reconstitution of gene function in TECs, we found that CD83’s transmembrane domain is necessary and sufficient for thymic CD4 T cell selection. Moreover, a ubiquitination-resistant MHCII variant restored CD4 T cell selection in Cd83−/− mice. Although during dendritic cell maturation CD83 is known to stabilize MHCII through opposing the ubiquitin ligase March1, regulation of March1 did not account for CD83’s TEC-intrinsic role. Instead, we provide evidence that MHCII in cortical TECs (cTECs) is targeted by March8, an E3 ligase of as yet unknown physiological substrate specificity. Ablating March8 in Cd83−/− mice restored CD4 T cell development. Our results identify CD83-mediated MHCII stabilization through antagonism of March8 as a novel functional adaptation of cTECs for T cell selection. Furthermore, these findings suggest an intriguing division of labor between March1 and March8 in controlling inducible versus constitutive MHCII expression in hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells versus TECs.
Achieving maximum sustainable yield in mixed fisheries: a management approach for the North Sea demersal fisheries
Authors: Ulrich Clara , Vermard Youen , Dolder Paul J. , Brunel Thomas , Jardim Ernesto , Holmes Steven J. , Kempf Alexander , Mortensen Lars O. , Poos Jan-Jaap , Rindorf Anna
Published: August 2016

Achieving single species maximum sustainable yield (MSY) in complex and dynamic fisheries targeting multiple species (mixed fisheries) is challenging because achieving the objective for one species may mean missing the objective for another. The North Sea mixed fisheries are a representative example of an issue that is generic across most demersal fisheries worldwide, with the diversity of species and fisheries inducing numerous biological and technical interactions. Building on a rich knowledge base for the understanding and quantification of these interactions, new approaches have emerged. Recent paths towards operationalizing MSY at the regional scale have suggested the expansion of the concept into a desirable area of “pretty good yield”, implemented through a range around FMSY that would allow for more flexibility in management targets. This article investigates the potential of FMSY ranges to combine long-term single-stock targets with flexible, short-term, mixed-fisheries management requirements applied to the main North Sea demersal stocks. It is shown that sustained fishing at the upper bound of the range may lead to unacceptable risks when technical interactions occur. An objective method is suggested that provides an optimal set of fishing mortality within the range, minimizing the risk of total allowable catch mismatches among stocks captured within mixed fisheries, and addressing explicitly the trade-offs between the most and least productive stocks.
Monitoring of reef associated and pelagic fish communities on Australia’s first purpose built offshore artificial reef
Authors: Becker Alistair , Taylor Matthew D. , Lowry Michael B.
Published: August 2016

Artificial reefs now form part of an integrated approach to enhance fisheries around the world. A responsible approach to artificial reef deployment calls for clear, well defined goals prior to any reef being placed in the field, followed by subsequent monitoring to assess whether these goals are being achieved. In this study, to evaluate if an artificial reef off Sydney was meeting its goal of providing quality fishing opportunities through the establishment of a complex fish assemblage, a 4-year monitoring program was designed. This program examined the response of reef-associated and pelagic fishes to the deployment of a purpose built offshore reef, relative to control reefs. Fish were observed immediately following deployment, but the artificial reef fish assemblage remained distinct from the three natural control reefs throughout the monitoring period. Also, the artificial reef displayed inter-annual variability associated with successional processes, which was not evident on the natural reefs. Fish length data indicated that the artificial reef was providing resources for both juvenile and adults of a number of species. This study demonstrates artificial reefs can provide habitats for a diverse group of fish, but the assemblages are unlikely to mimic those on natural reefs. We have also shown that longer term monitoring periods, covering multiple years are required to gain a robust understanding of the response of fish to reef deployment. This information can be used to understand the benefits and limitations of future artificial reef deployments.
eHealth patient-provider communication in the United States: interest, inequalities, and predictors
Authors: Spooner Kiara K , Salemi Jason L , Salihu Hamisu M , Zoorob Roger J
Published: August 2016

Objective: Health-related Internet use and eHealth technologies, including online patient-provider communication (PPC), are continually being integrated into health care environments. This study aimed to describe sociodemographic and health- and Internet-related correlates that influence adult patients’ interest in and electronic exchange of medical information with health care providers in the United States.

Methods: Nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2014 Health Information National Trends Survey (N = 3677) were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine associations between patient-level characteristics and online PPC behavior and interests.

Results: Most respondents were Internet users (82.8%), and 61.5% of information seekers designated the Internet as their first source for health information. Younger respondents (<50 years), Hispanics, those from higher-income households, and those perceiving access to personal health information as important were more likely to be interested in online PPC. Despite varying levels of patient interest, 68.5% had no online PPC in the last year. However, Internet users (odds ratio, OR = 2.87, 95% CI, 1.35-6.08), college graduates (OR = 2.92, 95% CI, 1.42-5.99), and those with frequent provider visits (OR = 1.94, 95% CI, 1.02-3.71) had a higher likelihood of online PPC via email or fax, while Hispanics and those from higher-income households were 2–3 times more likely to communicate via text messaging or phone/mobile apps.

Conclusion: Patients’ interest in and display of online PPC-related behaviors vary by age, race/ethnicity, education, income, Internet access/behaviors, and information type. These findings can inform efforts aimed at improving the use and adoption of eHealth technologies, which may contribute to a reduction in communication inequalities and health care disparities.
Biomedical informatics advancing the national health agenda: the AMIA 2015 year-in-review in clinical and consumer informatics
Authors: Roberts Kirk , Boland Mary Regina , Pruinelli Lisiane , Dcruz Jina , Berry Andrew , Georgsson Mattias , Hazen Rebecca , Sarmiento Raymond F , Backonja Uba , Yu Kun-Hsing , Jiang Yun , Brennan Patricia Flatley
Published: August 2016

The field of biomedical informatics experienced a productive 2015 in terms of research. In order to highlight the accomplishments of that research, elicit trends, and identify shortcomings at a macro level, a 19-person team conducted an extensive review of the literature in clinical and consumer informatics. The result of this process included a year-in-review presentation at the American Medical Informatics Association Annual Symposium and a written report (see supplemental data). Key findings are detailed in the report and summarized here. This article organizes the clinical and consumer health informatics research from 2015 under 3 themes: the electronic health record (EHR), the learning health system (LHS), and consumer engagement. Key findings include the following: (1) There are significant advances in establishing policies for EHR feature implementation, but increased interoperability is necessary for these to gain traction. (2) Decision support systems improve practice behaviors, but evidence of their impact on clinical outcomes is still lacking. (3) Progress in natural language processing (NLP) suggests that we are approaching but have not yet achieved truly interactive NLP systems. (4) Prediction models are becoming more robust but remain hampered by the lack of interoperable clinical data records. (5) Consumers can and will use mobile applications for improved engagement, yet EHR integration remains elusive.
Context-sensitive decision support (infobuttons) in electronic health records: a systematic review
Authors: Cook David A , Teixeira Miguel T , Heale Bret SE , Cimino James J , Del Fiol Guilherme
Published: August 2016

Objective: Infobuttons appear as small icons adjacent to electronic health record (EHR) data (e.g., medications, diagnoses, or test results) that, when clicked, access online knowledge resources tailored to the patient, care setting, or task. Infobuttons are required for “Meaningful Use” certification of US EHRs. We sought to evaluate infobuttons’ impact on clinical practice and identify features associated with improved outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and other databases from inception to July 6, 2015. We included and cataloged all original research in any language describing implementation of infobuttons or other context-sensitive links. Studies evaluating clinical implementations with outcomes of usage or impact were reviewed in greater detail. Reviewers worked in duplicate to select articles, evaluate quality, and abstract information.

Results: Of 599 potential articles, 77 described infobutton implementation. The 17 studies meriting detailed review, including 3 randomized trials, yielded the following findings. Infobutton usage frequency ranged from 0.3 to 7.4 uses per month per potential user. Usage appeared to be influenced by EHR task. Five studies found that infobuttons are used less often than non–context-sensitive links (proportionate usage 0.20–0.34). In 3 studies, users answered their clinical question in > 69% of infobutton sessions. Seven studies evaluated alternative approaches to infobutton design and implementation. No studies isolated the impact of infobuttons on objectively measured patient outcomes.

Conclusions: Weak evidence suggests that infobuttons can help providers answer clinical questions. Research on optimal infobutton design and implementation, and on the impact on patient outcomes and provider behaviors, is needed.
Patient and clinician perspectives on the outpatient after-visit summary: a qualitative study to inform improvements in visit summary design
Authors: Federman Alex D , Sanchez-Munoz Angela , Jandorf Lina , Salmon Christopher , Wolf Michael S , Kannry Joseph
Published: August 2016

Objective: We explored patients’ and clinicians’ perspectives on electronic health record (EHR)–generated outpatient after-visit summaries (AVSs) to inform efforts to maximize the document’s utility.

Materials and Methods: This qualitative study involved focus groups and semistructured interviews with patients (n = 39) and clinicians (n = 56) in adult primary care practices serving socioeconomically diverse communities in New York City; Long Island, New York; and Chicago, Illinois. Focus group and interview transcripts were coded and analyzed following standard qualitative methods.

Results: Core themes included the use and purpose of the AVS, content modification and prioritization, formatting improvements, customization, privacy and accuracy concerns, and clinician workflow concerns. While most patients valued the document as a visit summary, others considered it a general summary of their health and health care issues, useful for sharing with family or clinicians even if they had access to their health records via web portals. Patients expressed a preference for the order of content items, and many wanted the reasons for medications and referrals stated. Additionally, some patients were confused by multiple medication lists indicating started, stopped, and modified medications, and a single “current” medication list was preferred by both patients and doctors. Concerns were raised about the risk of violating patient privacy and challenges to clinician workflow.

Discussion: The AVS is valued by patients and clinicians. Both groups have identified numerous ways it can be improved, but also several obstacles to improvement and effective use.

Conclusion: EHR vendors should work with stakeholder groups to improve the AVS to ensure that this important communication device achieves its patient-centered potential.
Contextual connectivity: A framework for understanding the intrinsic dynamic architecture of large-scale functional brain networks
Authors: Ciric Rastko , Nomi Jason S. , Uddin Lucina Q. , Satpute Ajay B.
Published: August 2016

Investigations of the human brain’s connectomic architecture have produced two alternative models: one describes the brain’s spatial structure in terms of localized networks, and the other describes the brain’s temporal structure in terms of whole-brain states. Here, we used tools from connectivity dynamics to develop a synthesis that bridges these models. Using task-free fMRI data, we investigated the assumptions undergirding current models of the connectome. Consistent with state-based models, our results suggest that localized networks are superordinate approximations of underlying dynamic states. Furthermore, each of these localized, moment-to-moment connectivity states is associated with global changes in the whole-brain functional connectome. By nesting localized connectivity states within their whole-brain contexts, we demonstrate the relative temporal independence of brain networks. Our assay for functional autonomy of coordinated neural systems is broadly applicable across populations, and our findings provide evidence of structure in temporal dynamics that complements the well-described spatial organization of the brain.
ABySS 2.0: Resource-Efficient Assembly of Large Genomes using a Bloom Filter
Authors: Jackman Shaun D , Vandervalk Benjamin P , Mohamadi Hamid , Chu Justin , Yeo Sarah , Hammond S Austin , Jahesh Golnaz , Khan Hamza , Coombe Lauren , Warren Rene L , Birol Inanc
Published: August 2016

The assembly of DNA sequencesde novois fundamental to genomics research. It is the first of many steps towards elucidating and characterizing whole genomes. Downstream applications, including analysis of genomic variation between species, between or within individuals critically depends on robustly assembled sequences. In the span of a single decade, the sequence throughput of leading DNA sequencing instruments has increased drastically, and coupled with established and planned large-scale, personalized medicine initiatives to sequence genomes in the thousands and even millions, the development of efficient, scalable and accurate bioinformatics tools for producing high-quality reference draft genomes is timely.

With ABySS 1.0, we originally showed that assembling the human genome using short 50 bp sequencing reads was possible by aggregating the half terabyte of compute memory needed over several computers using a standardized message-passing system (MPI). We present here its re-design, which departs from MPI and instead implements algorithms that employ a Bloom filter, a probabilistic data structure, to represent a de Bruijn graph and reduce memory requirements.

We present assembly benchmarks of human Genome in a Bottle 250 bp Illumina paired-end and 6 kbp mate-pair libraries from a single individual, yielding a NG50 (NGA50) scaffold contiguity of 3.5 (3.0) Mbp using less than 35 GB of RAM, a modest memory requirement by today’s standard that is often available on a single computer. We also investigate the use of BioNano Genomics and 10x Genomics’ Chromium data to further improve the scaffold contiguity of this assembly to 42 (15) Mbp.
Human inferences about sequences: A minimal transition probability model
Authors: Meyniel Florent , Maheu Maxime , Dehaene Stanislas
Published: August 2016

The brain constantly infers the causes of the inputs it receives and uses these inferences to generate statistical expectations about future observations. Experimental evidence for these expectations and their violations include explicit reports, sequential effects on reaction times, and mismatch or surprise signals recorded in electrophysiology and functional MRI. Here, we explore the hypothesis that the brain acts as a near-optimal inference device that constantly attempts to infer the time-varying matrix of transition probabilities between the stimuli it receives, even when those stimuli are in fact fully unpredictable. This parsimonious Bayesian model, with a single free parameter, accounts for a broad range of findings on surprise signals, sequential effects and the perception of randomness. Notably, it explains the pervasive asymmetry between repetitions and alternations encountered in those studies. Our analysis suggests that a neural machinery for inferring transition probabilities lies at the core of human sequence knowledge.
Have changes in business practices and reporting standards changed the taxonomy of financial ratios?
Authors: Zeller Thomas L. , Kostolansky John , Bozoudis Michail
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– Prior research established a seven dimensional taxonomy of financial ratios. The purpose of this paper is to identify the extent to which the previously identified relationships have changed, and if appropriate, to establish an entirely new taxonomy of manufacturing industry financial ratios.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors used principle component analysis (PCA) to identify factor patterns for 58 financial ratios over the ten-year period 2004-2013. The validity of employing PCA was confirmed using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s test of sphericity.

Findings

– This study identified four additional financial analysis factors beyond the seven established by prior research. Notably, a separate cash flow factor did not surface as was the case in earlier work but an entirely new factor (current position) was identified.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper leaves to future research to establish the precise causes for the changes to the taxonomy of financial ratios and how to best utilize the new set of factors for financial analysis research.

Practical implications

– This paper identifies changes in financial ratio relationships to guide future researchers in selecting appropriate ratios for their studies.

Originality/value

– This study substantially improves and extends prior work in two areas. First, it utilizes advanced statistical methodologies and computing technologies that were unavailable to previous researchers. Second, it investigates not only the current taxonomy of manufacturing industry financial ratios, but also its stability over a recent ten-year period.
Visualizing the library as place
Authors: Mandel Lauren
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to share the research processes and results of secondary analysis using GIS to map usage of a university library to contribute to ongoing efforts to help identify how library spaces are used to explain how university libraries can continue to evolve as teaching, learning, and shared communities of scholars. This paper details the use of ArcGIS to visualize where students are in the library in order to explain how this method can used by libraries to visualize the use of their facilities.

Design/methodology/approach

– This research utilized secondary analysis of data collected during seating sweeps; through secondary analysis, data were analyzed and visualized in ArcGIS. The seating sweeps were conducted three times a day during a sample week, with researchers noting on maps of the library floor plan where students were sitting. Data were entered into an ArcGIS database file and mapped to display usage directly on the library map to improve stakeholders’ understanding of the ways students are using the library as a place.

Findings

– Even though this project used consistent instruments and procedural instructions and trained observers, a combination of factors resulted in an incomplete data set, including the length of time between research design and data collection and lack of agreement about the use of map worksheets. It was still possible to make maps that depict heavier and lighter areas of use, present data to library stakeholders, and show what can be accomplished when data are collected on copies of the floor plan.

Research limitations/implications

– This research is limited by being a conducted in one university library, but the implications far outweigh the limitations. While bar and pie charts are effective at visualizing data, they do not provide a way to visualize where activities occur; maps provide multi-layered visualization, allowing libraries to visualize the same usage data as bar, pie, or other charts in addition to seeing where that usage occurs. The implications for librarianship include better understanding of how library spaces are used and the ability to use visually appealing maps to demonstrate the library’s use, value, and impact.

Originality/value

– Mapping library statistics is an area that has been growing in the last decade, but practical examples of using GIS to map facility usage are few. This paper explains in detail how the mapping process works and how libraries of all types can adapt this method for their own usage assessments to more vividly depict the value and impact of the library facility as a place.
Adopting total quality management to enhance service delivery in medical records
Authors: Adjei Emmanuel , Mensah Monica
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which total quality management (TQM) initiatives can improve the quality of services delivery at the medical records unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) to help meet the expectations and aspirations of patients and customers of the hospital.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adopted the survey strategy as its research design. The total study population consisted of 114 medical records staff of the KBTH. Questionnaires and personal observations were employed as the data collection instruments. The study recorded a response rate of 98 per cent. Data gathered from respondents were analysed in qualitative terms.

Findings

The overall finding of this study was that, although the medical records department of the KBTH had a fair degree of understanding on the benefits of TQM to records management service delivery, the exiting values for TQM did not meet the framework of good TQM practice, principles and standards.

Research limitations/implications

Even though the subjects for the study were from the biggest hospital in Ghana, the findings of this study may not be generalised to the whole country.

Practical implications

The study has demonstrated the need for the medical records department of the KBTH to have and develop good TQM standards to improve the quality of services to patients and varied customers of the hospital.

Originality/value

The literature reviewed indicated that this study is a maiden attempt to examine how TQM initiatives including sensitivity, customer satisfaction, commitment of top management, team work, effective leadership and participatory management, people development and effective and open communication can improve the quality of medical records service delivery at the KBTH in Ghana.
Assessing the functionality of the enterprise content management maturity model
Authors: Katuu Shadrack
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The implementation of enterprise content management (ECM) software applications has been a subject of extensive discussion. Although a number of ECM scholars have provided guidance on ECM implementation, there is a gap in how to assess benefits accruing from the implementation. One of the approaches of assessment is the use of maturity models. This paper aims to examine the utility of other ECM maturity model (ECM3) as an assessment tool.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was undertaken based on two related research questions, the first explored ECM3 assessment within a South African context and the second explored the utility of other maturity models for ECM implementation and lessons learnt to improve ECM3.

Findings

The results show that all the South African institutions assessed using ECM3 had a low level of maturity and there are a number of maturity models comparable to ECM3, and the global survey provides the closest parallel to the survey conducted in South Africa.

Originality/value

The study offers a unique discussion on the possible utility of ECM3 as a maturity model for assessing ECM implementation. This was done by comparing it with maturity models developed or used by records professionals and through assessing the results of two surveys, one conducted amongst South African institutions and another conducted by the Real Story Group.
Trusting records: is Blockchain technology the answer?
Authors: Lemieux Victoria Louise
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the value of Blockchain technology as a solution to creating and preserving trustworthy digital records, presenting some of the limitations, risks and opportunities of the approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach involves using the requirements embedded in records management and digital preservation standards, specifically ISO 15,489, ARMA’s Generally Accepted Recordkeeping Principles, ISO 14,721 and ISO 16,363, as a general evaluative framework for a risk-based assessment of a specific proposed implementation of Blockchain technology for a land registry system in a developing country.

Findings

The results of the analysis suggest that Blockchain technology can be used to address issues associated with information integrity in the present and near term, assuming proper security architecture and infrastructure management controls. It does not, however, guarantee reliability of information in the first place, and would have several limitations as a long-term solution for maintaining trustworthy digital records.

Originality/value

This paper contributes an original analysis of the application of Blockchain technology for recordkeeping.
Stonemasonry skills development: two case studies of historic buildings in Scotland
Authors: McGibbon Scott , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– Scotland’s built heritage (pre-1919 building stock) is exhibiting varying levels of disrepair, in particular for stonemasonry works, despite the government’s on-going efforts for promoting higher standards of repair and maintenance (R
&
M) of historic buildings. The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems associated with the R
&
M of historic buildings.

Design/methodology/approach

– Two case studies (Projects A and B) exhibiting critical disrepair are reported. Site surveying was carried-out on both projects, to identify site features and R
&
M problems along with proposed solutions drawing on the lead author’s extensive industry experience as a stonemasonry consultant. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals involved in each project to elicit views on the challenges faced. Additionally, three industry experts were interviewed to provide a wider perspective of the R
&
M challenges facing historic buildings.

Findings

– Neglect and poor practice resulted in both projects becoming more challenging and expensive than they needed to be, which was attributed to generic and advanced skills 6deficiencies of the workforce. There is an urgent need for a multi-disciplinary approach to the development of a method statement for R
&
M, drawing on the expertise of professionals and contractors, particularly when specifying repairs to structural elements.

Originality/value

– This paper has provided original and valuable information on R
&
M problems, highlighting the importance of continued investment in skills development for historic building R
&
M to enhance existing current training provision and practice. There is a need for further similar project-based data to inform skills development strategies for the R
&
M of historic buildings as well as enhancing existing qualification frameworks.
Enhanced viral activity and dark CO2 fixation rates under oxygen depletion: the case study of the marine Lake Rogoznica
Authors: Rastelli Eugenio , Corinaldesi Cinzia , Petani Bruna , Dell'Anno Antonio , Ciglenečki Irena , Danovaro Roberto
Published: August 2016

Global change is determining the expansion of marine oxygen‐depleted zones, which are hot spots of microbial‐driven biogeochemical processes. However, information on the functioning of the microbial assemblages and the role of viruses in such low‐oxygen systems remains largely unknown. Here, we used the marine Rogoznica Lake as a natural model to investigate the possible consequences of oxygen depletion on virus‐prokaryote interactions and prokaryotic metabolism in pelagic and benthic ecosystems. We found higher bacterial and archaeal abundances in oxygen‐depleted than in oxic conditions, associated with higher heterotrophic carbon production, enzymatic activities and dark inorganic carbon fixation (DCF) rates. The oxygen‐depleted systems were also characterized by higher viral abundance, production and virus‐induced prokaryotic mortality. The highest DCF relative contribution to the whole total C production (> 30%) was found in oxygen‐depleted systems, at the highest virus‐induced prokaryotic mortality values (> 90%). Our results suggest that the higher rates of viral lysis in oxygen‐depleted conditions can significantly enhance DCF by accelerating heterotrophic processes, organic matter cycling, and hence the supply of inorganic reduced compounds fuelling chemosynthesis. These findings suggest that the expansion of low‐oxygen zones can trigger higher viral impacts on prokaryotic heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic metabolism, with cascading effects, neglected so far, on biogeochemical processes.
New Methyloceanibacter diversity from North Sea sediments includes methanotroph containing solely the soluble methane monooxygenase
Authors: Vekeman Bram , Kerckhof Frederiek‐Maarten , Cremers Geert , de Vos Paul , Vandamme Peter , Boon Nico , Op den Camp Huub J.M. , Heylen Kim
Published: August 2016

Marine methylotrophs play a key role in the global carbon cycle by metabolizing reduced one‐carbon compounds that are found in high concentrations in marine environments. Genome, physiology and diversity studies have been greatly facilitated by the numerous model organisms brought into culture. However, the availability of marine representatives remains poor. Here, we report the isolation of four novel species from North Sea sediment enrichments closely related to the Alphaproteobacterium Methyloceanibacter caenitepidi. Each of the newly isolated Methyloceanibacter species exhibited a clear genome sequence divergence which was reflected in physiological differences. Notably one strain R‐67174 was capable of oxidizing methane as sole source of carbon and energy using solely a soluble methane monooxygenase and represents the first marine Alphaproteobacterial methanotroph brought into culture. Differences in maximum cell density of >1.5 orders of magnitude were observed. Furthermore, three strains were capable of producing nitrous oxide from nitrate. Together, these findings highlight the metabolic and physiologic variability within closely related Methyloceanibacter species and provide a new understanding of the physiological basis of marine methylotrophy.
Rural–Urban Differences in the Effect of Follow‐Up Care on Postdischarge Outcomes
Authors: Toth Matthew , Holmes Mark , Van Houtven Courtney , Toles Mark , Weinberger Morris , Silberman Pam
Published: August 2016

Objective

To assess rural–urban differences in quality of postdischarge care among Medicare beneficiaries, controlling for selection bias of postdischarge services.

Data Sources

The Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS), Cost and Use Files from 2000 to 2010, the Area Resource File, Provider of Services File, and the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of 30‐ and 60‐day hospital readmission, emergency department (ED) use, and mortality using two‐stage residual inclusion; receipt of 14‐day follow‐up care was the main independent variable.

Data Extraction Method

We defined index admission from the MCBS as any admission without a previous admission within 60 days.

Principal Findings

Noninstrumental variables estimation was the preferred estimation strategy. Fourteen‐day follow‐up care reduced the risk of readmission, ED use, and mortality. There were no rural– urban differences in the effect of 14‐day follow‐up care on readmission and mortality. Rural beneficiaries experienced a greater effect of 14‐day follow‐up care on reducing 30‐day ED use compared to urban beneficiaries.

Conclusions

Follow‐up care reduces 30‐ and 60‐day readmission, ED use, and mortality. Rural and urban Medicare beneficiaries experience similar beneficial effects of follow‐up care on the outcomes. Policies that improve follow‐up care in rural settings may be beneficial.
Beyond Taphonomy: Exploring Craniometric Variation Among Anatomical Material
Authors: Hefner Joseph T. , Spatola Brian F. , Passalacqua Nicholas V. , Gocha Timothy P.
Published: August 2016

Anatomical crania are occasionally encountered in forensic anthropology laboratories when that material is mistaken for forensically significant human remains. Using craniometric analyses and statistical measures of sample homogeneity, we determine whether anatomical material can be described as a single, homogenous group or as a diverse mix of populations. Twenty‐one interlandmark distances were collected from 85 anatomical preparations. Distance measures were calculated between all pairs using a pooled within‐sample variance/covariance matrix and then subjected to a Defrise‐Gussenhoven test between each paired distance to test whether each pair was drawn randomly from the same population. In the Defrise‐Gussenhoven analysis, twenty‐two percent (n = 66) of the 300 pairwise combinations were significant at the 0.05 level or below. The level of homogeneity suggests a majority of that material originated from the subcontinent of India or West Asia. Therefore, anatomical material can be viewed as a moderately homogenous group, but with a shared taphonomic history.
Too hot to handle? Balancing increased trapability with capture mortality in hot weather pitfall trapping
Authors: Read John L. , Kearney Michael R.
Published: August 2016

Trapping at air temperatures close to, or exceeding, critical thermal maxima is important for comprehensive sampling of vertebrate assemblages and collection of sufficient data for impact assessment. However, pitfall trapping on hot days also potentially exposes trapped animals to stress or death through overheating or desiccation. We investigate causes of mortality from 14 305 captures over a 22‐year pitfall trap study in arid South Australia and compared mortality rates with maximum temperatures, solar radiation and rainfall. Overall mortality rate was 3.2% with chewing by rodents and handling accidents the most influential cause of death recorded. The highest mortality rates were experienced by the tiny skink, Lerista labialis, which was difficult to detect in traps each day and hence problematic to assess the effect of weather variables on capture mortality. For all other abundant species, high maximum temperature was only a significant explanatory variable for increased death rates of the house mouse Mus domesticus, and increased solar radiation was positively related to capture mortality for the house mouse, the frog Neobatrachus sudelli and the small skink Ctenotus schomburgkii. However, capture rates for these taxa and eight other common species would have been significantly lower if trapping did not occur on days of 40 °C or more. We conclude that trapping in hot weather is both desirable and justifiable and suggest techniques for further reducing mortality rates in pitfall studies.
Measuring glycated haemoglobin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: How useful is it?
Authors: Wong Vincent W. , Chong Shanley , Mediratta Sahil , Jalaludin Bin
Published: August 2016

Background

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is an important tool for assessing glycaemic status in patients with diabetes, but its usefulness in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is unclear.

Aims

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether HbA1c in women with GDM is valuable in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and methods

A retrospective review of women with GDM who had HbA1c measured at diagnosis of GDM (GHb‐diag) and at 36 weeks gestation (GHb‐36 weeks) was conducted. The association between HbA1c and various pregnancy outcomes was assessed

Results

Among 1244 women with GDM in our cohort, both GHb‐diag and GHb‐36 weeks were independent predictors for large‐for‐gestation (LGA) babies (OR 1.06, P = 0.005 and OR 1.06, P = 0.002, respectively) and neonatal hypoglycaemia (OR 1.10, P < 0.001 and OR 1.09, P < 0.001, respectively). Women with HbA1c ≥ 5.4% (35 mmol/mol) at diagnosis had significantly greater risk for LGA (15.3% vs 8.2%, P < 0.001) and neonatal hypoglycaemia (42.2% vs 23.6%, P < 0.001) than those below this cut‐off. The difference between GHb‐diag and GHb‐36 weeks was small and improvement in HbA1c by 36 weeks was not associated with better pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion

We showed that measurement of HbA1c, either at the time of diagnosis of GDM or toward the end of pregnancy, were both associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with elevated HbA1c (>5.4% or 35 mmol/mol) at diagnosis of GDM should be monitored closely during pregnancy. However, there is not enough evidence to suggest that repeating HbA1c toward the end of pregnancy will provide additional information in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma – a rare case report and literature review
Authors: Karabulut Yasemin Yuyucu , Kara Tuba , Berkeşoğlu Mustafa
Published: August 2016

Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma (IPM) is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm originating from smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts. The inguinal region is the most common site of this rare tumor. As there are only about 89 such cases reported in the literature, the precise etiology and pathogenesis have yet to be explained adequately. It is characterized by spindle cells, amianthoid fibers, and by the proliferation of hemosiderin‐containing histiocytes in the lymph node. A nodular lesion was excised from the inguinal region of a 47‐year‐old female patient with the clinical diagnosis of lymphoma and/or metastase. Macroscopic examination of a section of the lesion demonstrated a solid appearance. Microscopic examination revealed spindle‐cell proliferation, amianthoid fibers, hemosiderin pigment, and extravasated erythrocytes. Nuclei of the spindle cells displayed a palisaded appearance. Compressed lymphoid tissue was observed around the lesion. Neoplastic cells were identified by the presence of vimentin, SMA, Cyclin D1, and beta‐catenin. The Ki67 index was less than 1%. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of IPM. Although IPM is benign, it is frequently confused with metastatic lesions and lymphomas.