bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral blood CD4+CCR6+ compartment differentiates HIV-1 infected or seropositive elite controllers from long-term successfully treated individuals
Authors: Akusjärvi Sara Svensson , Krishnan Shuba , Jütte Bianca , Ambikan Anoop , Gupta Soham , Rodriguez Jimmy , Vegvari Akos , Sperk Maike , Nowak Piotr , Vesterbacka Jan , Svensson J. Peter , Sonnerborg Anders , Neogi Ujjwal
Published: November 2021

HIV-1 infection induces a chronic inflammatory environment not restored by suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). As of today, the effect of viral suppression and immune reconstitution in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) on long-term suppressive ART (PLWHART) is not well-described. Herein, we show how PLWH who naturally control the virus (PLWHEC) have a reduced proportion of CD4+CCR6+ cells compared to PLWHART and HIV-1 negative controls. Specifically, the CD4+CCR6+/CCR6- cells exhibited a uniqe proteomic profile with a modulated energy metabolism in PLWHEC compared to PLWHART independent of CCR6 status. Furthermore, the CD4+CCR6+ cells were enriched in proteins involved in apoptosis and p53 signalling in PLWHEC compared to PLWHART, indicative of increased sensitivity towards cell death mechanisms. Collectively, this data shows how PLWHEC have a unique chemokine receptor profile that may aid in facilitating natural control of HIV-1 infection.
Construction and Analysis of a Prognostic Model of Osteosarcoma Based on m6A-Related lncRNA
Authors: Ling Zhian , Liang Yuting , Wei Suping , Chen Yuanming , Zhao Jinmin
Published: November 2021

Background

N6-methylandenosine (m6A) methylation is one of the most common methylation modifications in RNA. At present, a large number of studies have found that m6A methylation can regulate the occurrence and development of tumors by modifying mRNA. However, it is still unclear how m6A modifies Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that regulates mRNA expression by interacting with miRNA to affect the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma(OS). Therefore, exploring the lncRNAs related to m6A methylation and identifying lncRNAs that have both prognostic effects and immune functions are things that need to be solved urgently.
Methods

The published gene expression data of OS and complete clinical annotation files were obtained from the TARGET database. LncRNAs with P <0.001 from the results of Pearson correlation coefficient analysis as m6A-related lncRNAs were screened. Single-factor Cox regression analysis was used to screening prognostic- related lncRNA combined with the clinical information of patients and constructed a prognostic model based on lasso regression analysis. Then we explored the differences in survival and immune function of different subtypes that be obtained using the Consensus Cluster. The enrichment of differential genes between high and low risk groups in the KEGG pathway is achieved through Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA).
Results

We obtained 706 lncRNAs in the TARGET database. Consensus clustering method were used to divide patients with OS into subgroups based on the expression of 26 prognostic-related lncRNAs. Through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, there are significant differences between the two subgroups. The average immune score (P = 0.02), stromal score(P =0.027), and estimate score༈P = 0.015༉were higher in cluster 1 than in cluster 2. We found that compared with cluster 2, SIGLEC15, HAVCR2, LAG3, and PDCD1 were highly expressed in cluster 1.We obtain a prognostic model by lasso regression analysis. In the training group and the text group, the OS curve showed that patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis than those in the low-risk group. In the training set, univariate Cox regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was correlated with the prognosis of OS patients. In the high-risk group, the Linoleic acid metabolism and the Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway were mainly involved by Gene Set Enrichment analysis. The abundance of Mast cells activated (P ≦0.024) and T cells CD4 (P ≦0.0044) naive were positively association the risk score.
Conclusions

This study clarified the important role of m6A-related lncRNAs in the prognosis and immune microenvironment of patients with OS, and indicate that m6A-related prognostic lncRNA signals may provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of OS.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Opanasiuk Yu , Maryn M.
Published: November 2021

In the work the bibliometric analysis of scientific works on definition of concepts "organizational changes" and "uncertainty" is made. There is a steady increase in attention to the problems of organization management in conditions of uncertainty. This emphasizes the relevance of the research topic and the search for interconnected promising areas for future research. The growth of publishing activity made it possible to conduct a qualitative analysis based on a sample of 515 publications (articles and conference proceedings), the authors of which study organizational changes in risk conditions. The articles were selected from the Web of Science in a systematic process of search and selection over the past 5 years in order to obtain the most up-to-date views on the problem. The analysis shows that despite the fact that the main number of relevant publications is growing over time, but in general is contained in journals related to ecology and environmental management. Based on selected publications using VOSviewer, the results of the analysis were visualized to provide a better understanding of key contextual areas and authors of research, publishing activity over the years and the appropriate number of citations.
Uncertainty is seen as a factor that overshadows the decision-making process. The risk manager often considers uncertainty in terms of the decision-making process, estimating decision errors and costs. Important components of uncertainty analysis are qualitative analysis, which identifies uncertainty, and quantitative analysis of the impact of uncertainty on decision-making and communication. Uncertainty analysis depends on the problem. Thus, the uncertainty analysis used in the environmental, economic and general literature covers a wide range of different methods. Given the results obtained, the uncertainty analysis varies from simple descriptive procedures to quantifying uncertainty and more formal decision-making procedures. The authors define and analyze in detail the concept of "uncertainty" in terms of its essence and structure.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE EUROPEAN PUBLIC INTERNET OF THINGS MARKET AND THE INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY IN ENTERPRISES
Authors: Zakharkina L. , Okhrimchuk Y.
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the degree of implementation of information and communication technologies, in particular the Internet of Things in Europe at all levels, from individuals and households to large enterprises. An assessment of the regional distribution of internet use across European countries was performed to identify dependence between the pace of development and level of utilization of Internet of Things technology. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of mastering of information and communication technologies by European citizens and enterprises, in particular the state of development and the level of application of the Internet of Things. In the course of the research, the methods of systematic and comparative analysis, statistical research and logical generalization were used. Based on the processing of European statistical reports, discrepancies were found between the degree of development of Internet of Things technologies, since the northern and western regions have a more developed technological base than the southern or eastern regions. Among private users of IoT technologies, technological solutions for managing the power consumption of a smart home are most popular, and among smart devices for connecting to the network, they most often choose to use the internet on a TV. The analysis of internet userbase indicates the existence of a divide in digital area, and its likely increase in the next few years, due to the gradual introduction of 5G Internet services. Based on the results of the analysis of the IT infrastructure of European enterprises, the most popular tools for applying Internet of things technology were identified. The analysis showed that European enterprises most frequently choose smart meters, smart lamps, and smart thermostats to optimize energy consumption in the premises of the enterprise among other devices and systems that can be monitored or remotely controlled via the Internet. It was found that large enterprises mostly used devices or systems to optimize energy consumption in the premises of the enterprise, and among medium and small enterprises, tools for optimizing logistics were most often used.
Reducing the Nursery Pesticide Footprint with Laser-guided, Variable-rate Spray Application Technology
Authors: Fessler Lauren , Fulcher Amy , Schneider Liesel , Wright Wesley C. , Zhu Heping
Published: November 2021

Nursery producers are challenged with growing a wide range of species with little to no detectable damage from insects or diseases. Growing plants that meet consumer demand for aesthetics has traditionally meant routine pesticide application using the most time-efficient method possible, an air-blast sprayer, despite its known poor pesticide application efficiency. New variable-rate spray technology allows growers to make more targeted applications and reduce off-target pesticide loss. In this study, a prototype laser-guided variable-rate sprayer was compared with a traditional air-blast sprayer. Pesticide volume, spray application characteristics, and the control of powdery mildew were evaluated over the course of two growing seasons. Spray application characteristics were assessed using water-sensitive cards (WSCs) and DepositScan software. This prototype sprayer reduced pesticide volume by an average of 54% across both years despite being tested against a low rate (<250 L⋅ha−1). In 2016, the conventional sprayer had more than double the deposit density on target WSCs among distal trees than the variable-rate sprayer; however, within proximal trees, there was no difference between the two sprayer types. In 2017, when the trees were larger, within both the distal and proximal trees, the conventional sprayer had greater deposit density on target WSCs than the variable-rate sprayer. In 2016, coverage on target WSCs was nearly 7-fold greater with the conventional treatment than with the variable-rate treatment. In 2017, when trees were larger, there was greater coverage on target WSCs in proximal trees (3.8%) compared with those in distal trees (1.0%) regardless of the sprayer type. This variable-rate spray technology provided acceptable control of powdery mildew severity on individual branches and whole trees and maintained the incidence of powdery mildew to levels comparable to that occurring among trees sprayed with a traditional air-blast sprayer. Therefore, the variable-rate spray technology has the potential to effectively control disease, dramatically reduce the pesticide footprint, and preserve natural resources such as ground and surface water, soil, and beneficial insects found within and around nurseries.
Effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology on Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Park Jihyun , Park Mi-Jeong , Seo Young-Gyun
Published: November 2021

Background

Internet or mobile device use as a form of information and communication technology (ICT) can be more effective in weight loss and weight maintenance than traditional obesity interventions.

Objective

The study aims to assess the effectiveness of child-centered ICT interventions on obesity-related outcomes.

Methods

Articles were retrieved from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and PubMed web-based databases. We selected randomized controlled trials in which the participants were aged <18 years. The primary outcomes were BMI, body weight, BMI z-score, waist circumference, and percentage body fat.

Results

In total, 10 of the initial 14,867 studies identified in the databases were selected according to the inclusion criteria. A total of 640 participants were included in the intervention group and 619 in the comparator group. Meta-analyses were conducted considering various subgroups (intervention type, comparator type, target participants, mean age, sex, BMI status, and follow-up period). Overall, ICT interventions demonstrated no significant effect on BMI, body weight, BMI z-score, waist circumference, and percentage body fat. Subgroup analyses revealed that the effect of the intervention was statistically significant for the following: web intervention (weighted mean difference [WMD]=−1.26 kg/m2, 95% CI −2.24 to −0.28), lifestyle modification comparator (WMD=−1.75, 95% CI −2.76 to −0.74), intervention involving both boys and girls (WMD=−1.30, 95% CI −2.14 to −0.46), and intervention involving obesity only (WMD=−1.92, 95% CI −3.75 to −0.09).

Conclusions

The meta-analysis results for children with obesity who used the web intervention program confirmed significant effects on BMI reduction compared with lifestyle modification. Evidence from the meta-analysis identified internet technology as a useful tool for weight loss in children with obesity.
Machine Learning–Based Hospital Discharge Prediction for Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Ahn Imjin , Gwon Hansle , Kang Heejun , Kim Yunha , Seo Hyeram , Choi Heejung , Cho Ha Na , Kim Minkyoung , Jun Tae Joon , Kim Young-Hak
Published: November 2021

Background

Effective resource management in hospitals can improve the quality of medical services by reducing labor-intensive burdens on staff, decreasing inpatient waiting time, and securing the optimal treatment time. The use of hospital processes requires effective bed management; a stay in the hospital that is longer than the optimal treatment time hinders bed management. Therefore, predicting a patient’s hospitalization period may support the making of judicious decisions regarding bed management.

Objective

First, this study aims to develop a machine learning (ML)–based predictive model for predicting the discharge probability of inpatients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Second, we aim to assess the outcome of the predictive model and explain the primary risk factors of inpatients for patient-specific care. Finally, we aim to evaluate whether our ML-based predictive model helps manage bed scheduling efficiently and detects long-term inpatients in advance to improve the use of hospital processes and enhance the quality of medical services.

Methods

We set up the cohort criteria and extracted the data from CardioNet, a manually curated database that specializes in CVDs. We processed the data to create a suitable data set by reindexing the date-index, integrating the present features with past features from the previous 3 years, and imputing missing values. Subsequently, we trained the ML-based predictive models and evaluated them to find an elaborate model. Finally, we predicted the discharge probability within 3 days and explained the outcomes of the model by identifying, quantifying, and visualizing its features.

Results

We experimented with 5 ML-based models using 5 cross-validations. Extreme gradient boosting, which was selected as the final model, accomplished an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score that was 0.865 higher than that of the other models (ie, logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, and multilayer perceptron). Furthermore, we performed feature reduction, represented the feature importance, and assessed prediction outcomes. One of the outcomes, the individual explainer, provides a discharge score during hospitalization and a daily feature influence score to the medical team and patients. Finally, we visualized simulated bed management to use the outcomes.

Conclusions

In this study, we propose an individual explainer based on an ML-based predictive model, which provides the discharge probability and relative contributions of individual features. Our model can assist medical teams and patients in identifying individual and common risk factors in CVDs and can support hospital administrators in improving the management of hospital beds and other resources.
The 4 Youth By Youth mHealth Photo Verification App for HIV Self-testing in Nigeria: Qualitative Analysis of User Experiences (Preprint)
Authors: Oladele David , Iwelunmor Juliet , Gbajabiamila Titilola , Obiezu-Umeh Chisom , Okwuzu Jane Ogoamaka , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Musa Adesola Zaidat , Idigbe Ifeoma , Tahlil Kadija , Tang Weiming , Conserve Donaldson F , Rosenberg Nora E , David Agatha N , Tucker Joseph , Ezechi Oliver
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Despite the global expansion of HIV self-testing (HIVST), many research studies still rely on self-reported outcomes. New HIVST verification methods are needed, especially in resource-limited settings.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the user experience of a mobile health (mHealth) app to enhance HIVST result reporting and verification.

METHODS

Semistructured, in-depth interviews were used to evaluate the user experience of the 4 Youth By Youth mHealth photo verification app for HIVST. We used a think-aloud approach, and participants performed usability tasks and completed a qualitative exit interview. The app included HIV educational resources, step-by-step video instructions for performing HIVST, a 20-minute timer, a guide on interpreting results with linkages to care, an offline version, and a photo verification system. Demographic characteristics were reported by using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed by using thematic analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 19 users—12 women and 7 men—with a mean age of 22 years, participated in the study. The users completed the usability tasks and successfully uploaded a photo of their test results by using the app without assistance. Four main themes were identified in the data. First, in terms of user-friendly design, the participants noted the user-friendly features of the offline version and the app’s low data use. However, some wanted the app to work in the background when using their mobile phone, and the font used should be more youth friendly. Second, in terms of ease of use, participants remarked that the app’s self-explanatory nature and instructions that guided them on how to use the app enhanced its use. Third, in terms of a user’s privacy, many participants reinforced the importance of privacy settings and tools that protect confidentiality among users. Finally, in terms of linkage to care, participants noted that the app’s linkage to care features were useful, particularly in relation to referrals to trained counselors upon the completion of the test. All the participants noted that the app provided a convenient and private means of verifying the HIV test results.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings demonstrated the importance of engaging end users in the development phase of health technology innovations that serve youth. Clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of using an mHealth app to verify HIVST results among young people.
The Role of Electronic Medical Records in Reducing Unwarranted Clinical Variation in Acute Health Care: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Hodgson Tobias , Burton-Jones Andrew , Donovan Raelene , Sullivan Clair
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

The use of electronic medical records (EMRs)/electronic health records (EHRs) provides potential to reduce unwarranted clinical variation and thereby improve patient health care outcomes. Minimization of unwarranted clinical variation may raise and refine the standard of patient care provided and satisfy the quadruple aim of health care.

OBJECTIVE

A systematic review of the impact of EMRs and specific subcomponents (PowerPlans/SmartSets) on variation in clinical care processes in hospital settings was undertaken to summarize the existing literature on the effects of EMRs on clinical variation and patient outcomes.

METHODS

Articles from January 2000 to November 2020 were identified through a comprehensive search that examined EMRs/EHRs and clinical variation or PowerPlans/SmartSets. Thirty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. Articles were examined for evidence for EMR-induced changes in variation and effects on health care outcomes and mapped to the quadruple aim of health care.

RESULTS

Most of the studies reported positive effects of EMR-related interventions (30/36, 83%). All of the 36 included studies discussed clinical variation, but only half measured it (18/36, 50%). Those studies that measured variation generally examined how changes to variation affected individual patient care (11/36, 31%) or costs (9/36, 25%), while other outcomes (population health and clinician experience) were seldom studied. High-quality study designs were rare.

CONCLUSIONS

The literature provides some evidence that EMRs can help reduce unwarranted clinical variation and thereby improve health care outcomes. However, the evidence is surprisingly thin because of insufficient attention to the measurement of clinical variation, and to the chain of evidence from EMRs to variation in clinical practices to health care outcomes.
Machine Learning–Based Predictive Modeling of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms During 8 Months of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Repeated Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hueniken Katrina , Somé Nibene Habib , Abdelhack Mohamed , Taylor Graham , Elton Marshall Tara , Wickens Christine M , Hamilton Hayley A , Wells Samantha , Felsky Daniel
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 global pandemic has increased the burden of mental illness on Canadian adults. However, the complex combination of demographic, economic, and lifestyle factors and perceived health risks contributing to patterns of anxiety and depression has not been explored.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to harness flexible machine learning methods to identify constellations of factors related to symptoms of mental illness and to understand their changes over time during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

Cross-sectional samples of Canadian adults (aged ≥18 years) completed web-based surveys in 6 waves from May to December 2020 (N=6021), and quota sampling strategies were used to match the English-speaking Canadian population in age, gender, and region. The surveys measured anxiety and depression symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and perceived COVID-19 risks and worries. First, principal component analysis was used to condense highly comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms into a single data-driven measure of emotional distress. Second, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), a machine learning algorithm that can model nonlinear and interactive relationships, was used to regress this measure on all included explanatory variables. Variable importance and effects across time were explored using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).

RESULTS

Principal component analysis of responses to 9 anxiety and depression questions on an ordinal scale revealed a primary latent factor, termed “emotional distress,” that explained 76% of the variation in all 9 measures. Our XGBoost model explained a substantial proportion of variance in emotional distress (r2=0.39). The 3 most important items predicting elevated emotional distress were increased worries about finances (SHAP=0.17), worries about getting COVID-19 (SHAP=0.17), and younger age (SHAP=0.13). Hopefulness was associated with emotional distress and moderated the impacts of several other factors. Predicted emotional distress exhibited a nonlinear pattern over time, with the highest predicted symptoms in May and November and the lowest in June.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results highlight factors that may exacerbate emotional distress during the current pandemic and possible future pandemics, including a role of hopefulness in moderating distressing effects of other factors. The pandemic disproportionately affected emotional distress among younger adults and those economically impacted.
The use of physical exercise apps for Smartphone in improving the level of physical activity, and general health: A Systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: NEGREIROS ALEXANDHER , Maciel Roberto Rodrigues , Barros Bianca Carvalho , Padula Rosimeire Simprini
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Smartphone use has become common among the population, and new apps are emerging for users to practice physical activity with the aid of virtual technology.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify and evaluate the effect of interventions that use smartphone exercise apps to increase the level of physical activity and improve the overall health of users.

METHODS

A search was conducted in five electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Research Premier and Cochrane Reviews and Trials). A PICO strategy was used to research question construction (Population- healthy adults, intervention (smartphone apps), and outcomes (physical activity level).Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with healthy individuals of both sexes aged 18 years old and older were included. The outcomes assessed were physical activity levels, improvement in general health rates as a function of the apps used.

RESULTS

Out of the 3924 potential articles, 74 were read for full text analysis. Only seven studies were included in the review. All included studies demonstrated that the use of smartphone apps are effective in increasing the level of physical activity and improving some general health indices (calorie expenditure, weight, BMI.) in healthy adults, regardless of the duration and frequency of intervention, and the apps used. The methodological evaluation of the studies, showed thatonly one demonstrated good quality.

CONCLUSIONS

Exercise apps increase the level of physical activity and improve general health in healthy adults, although most studies were classified as low methodological quality.The apps evaluated did not have technical standardization points on how to be described in the studies, so that we can evaluate both the effect of the intervention and the apps used in the studies.
An Intelligent Patient Admission Model of Day Surgery Using Heterogeneous Data with Semi-Supervised Learning: A Case Study of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (Preprint)
Authors: Li Wenchang , Jiang Lisha , Shi Hongwei , Ma Hongsheng
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Day surgery has many advantages including shortening hospital stay, decreasing the risk of hospital-associated infections, and increasing cost efficiency over traditional surgery, it has gained a great reputation and popularity in recent years. However, the patients’ admission criteria of day surgery at present were mainly based on expert experience, which was a lack of scientific evidence.

OBJECTIVE

Our study is to investigate the day surgery patient’s admission criteria and build an intelligent machine learning model of day surgery patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, to ensure patients’ safety and medical quality, providing reference and inspiration for other day surgery admission decisions.

METHODS

We analyzed the clinical data of day surgery patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at West China Hospital from Jan 1st 2009 to Dec 31st 2021 and developed a semi-supervised artificial intelligence algorithm, SDSPA algorithm, which is built by self-training and uses both structured data like patient characteristics and unstructured clinical diagnosis to assist surgeons to make quick admission decisions.

RESULTS

After comparing several classifiers with self-training in our experiment, the performance of LightGBM with unstructured text processed by BERT were the best, obtaining an accuracy of 0.85 and an f1-score of 0.83, as well as reaching 0.97 on the precision score, which is an important indicator related to patients’ safety.

CONCLUSIONS

The application of our SDSPA algorithm can make the patient admission of day surgery more intelligent, and maximize the utilization of medical resources while ensuring patients’ safety.
Use of Race in Kidney Research and Medicine
Authors: Mohottige Dinushika , Boulware L. Ebony , Ford Chandra L. , Jones Camara , Norris Keith C.
Published: November 2021

Black Americans and other racially and ethnically minoritized individuals are disproportionately burdened by higher morbidity and mortality from kidney disease when compared with their White peers. Yet, kidney researchers and clinicians have struggled to fully explain or rectify causes of these inequalities. Many studies have sought to identify hypothesized genetic and/or ancestral origins of biologic or behavioral deficits as singular explanations for racial and ethnic inequalities in kidney health. However, these approaches reinforce essentialist beliefs that racial groups are inherently biologically and behaviorally different. These approaches also often conflate the complex interactions of individual-level biologic differences with aggregated population-level disparities that are due to structural racism (i.e., sociopolitical policies and practices that created and perpetuate harmful health outcomes through inequities of opportunities and resources). We review foundational misconceptions about race, racism, genetics, and ancestry that shape research and clinical practice with a focus on kidney disease and related health outcomes. We also provide recommendations on how to embed key equity-enhancing concepts, terms, and principles into research, clinical practice, and medical publishing standards.
HYDROGEL FORMULATION FROM CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA PLANT EXTRACT AGAINST FOOT ULCER CAUSING BACTERIA IN DIABETES
Authors: AM RAMACHANDRAN , PRABHU S SENTHIL , J DEVAKUMAR , J RENGARAMANUJAM , SUNDARAM S KARTHIK , R MAHENTHIREN , TK VARSHA
Published: November 2021

Objective: The objective of present study was to develop hydrogel formulations loaded with Calotropis gigantea leaves extract.
Methods: The prepared hydrogel formulations were compliance with their color, odor, homogeneity, pH, and spreadability.
Results: As all the formulations were complies with the all parameters and it can be suggest as a Good antibacterial gel. It is evident that, ethanolic extract of Calotropis gigantea showed a maximum inhibitory zone against bacteria associated with foot ulcer.
Conclusions: The In vitro studies showed a quantity dependent increase in antibacterial activity against foot ulcer causing bacteria, a contraction which is higher than that produced by the control groups. These contractions were statistically significant (p<0.05), during the study with leave extract against foot ulcer causing bacteria in diabetes.
IN SILICO DESIGN OF BENOXAZOLE BEARING AZETIDINONE DERIVATIVES AS VEGFR-2 AGONIST IN CANCER
Authors: PN LEYANA , PT MANJU , VIJAYAN MEENU
Published: November 2021

Objective: Cancer is a group of disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells. The objective of the study includes the in silico designing of benzoxazole bearing azetidinone derivatives as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 2 in cancer.
Methods: In silico design of proposed derivatives was conducted using tools such as AutoDock Vina, ACD Lab ChemSketch ver. 12.0, Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances online, molinspiration, and Swiss ADME. The derivatives obeying Lipinski’s Rule of Five in accordance with molinspiration were selected for docking studies.
Results: The data obtained from molinspiration revealed that the designed derivatives have physical and chemical properties meant for an orally bioavailable drug. From the docking studies derivatives BT1 and BT5 showed high docking score which indicate that these derivatives possess high affinity and high polar interaction towards protein 4DBN.
Conclusion: The designed benzoxazole bearing azetidinone derivatives were found to possess good binding affinity and good interaction in the binding pocket of the target 4DBN. Therefore, these derivatives are expected to exhibit good anticancer property with minimal side effects.
EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIALS OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF TEPHROSIA VILLOSA AGAINST THIOACETAMIDE INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: RAWAL PINKEY , C RAMESH , PRAMANIK SOMA , S SHABANA
Published: November 2021

Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the hepatoprotective potentials of methanol s extracts of Tephrosia villosa leaves against thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver damage in rats.
Methodology: The acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per OECD guidelines, and the extract was proved to be safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg. The total duration of the study was 21 days, and animals were divided into six groups. Hepatotoxicity was induced in the animals of all groups except normal control by single dose administration of TAA (100 mg/kg) at 1st day of the study followed by animals were treated daily with standard drug silymarin and methanol extract of T. villosa (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) to respective groups for 21 days. Variations in biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, albumin, total protein, ions and others parameters such as clotting time and weight of the liver were considered to determine beneficial effect of the extract. At the end of the study liver samples were collected and subjected to histopathological evaluation.
Results: In control animals treated with TAA alone, there were variations in the above mentioned parameters. However in the animals treated with methanol extract and standard drug silymarin, all the parameters were normal possibly due to their beneficial property in protecting the liver against TAA induced hepatotoxicity.
Conclusion: The results obtained in the above study suggesting that, the methanol extract of T. villosa possess significant hepatoprotective activity.
ANALYSIS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON LIVER OF WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: BABU THANGACHI SURENDRA , MOKHASI VARSHA SRIRAM , MURTHUZA AGA AMMAR
Published: November 2021

Objective: The study was intended to explore whether Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces oxidative stress on the liver of Wistar albino rats when fed chronically at three different doses, namely, low, mid, and high doses identical to human consumption doses in growing countries.
Methods: The acclimatized Wistar albino rats (n=24) were randomly selected and grouped into four groups, namely Control, Low dose MSG (180 mg kg), Mid dose MSG (360 mg/kg), and High dose MSG (720 mg/kg). The animals were orally administered MSG for 120 days. After completion of the experimental period (120 days), euthanized animal liver was homogenized to investigate the oxidative stress marker enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO).
Results: The MPO showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in liver homogenate of all MSG induced groups when compared to control group. The SOD, CAT, and GPx activity deteriorated (p<0.05) in monosodium induced groups contrasting to the control group.
Conclusion: The effects of MSG on oxidative stress markers on liver homogenate in the current study exhibited erratic abnormal changes in oxidative stress markers of monosodium induced groups which contemplate the harmful effects of MSG consumed chronically. The further studies should confirm the genetic basis of oxidative stress damage and transform the safety regulations of MSG consumption throughout the world.
ИМИТАТОР РАДИОЛОКАЦИОННОЙ ОБСТАНОВКИ ДЛЯ УСТРОЙСТВ ЦИФРОВОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ СИГНАЛОВ СИСТЕМ БЛИЖНЕЙ РАДИОЛОКАЦИИ
Authors: Анисимова М.А. , Силантьев А.М. , Переверзев А.Л.
Published: November 2021

В работе рассматриваются проблемы верификации цифровой части частотно-модулируемых систем ближней радиолокации в лабораторных условиях. Предложены архитектура имитатора и его техническая реализация на основе ПЛИС, обеспечивающая формирование информационного сигнала для устройств ЦОС СБРЛ, имитирующего до 1000 блестящих точек.
Percepción sobre alimentación y modo de consumo de estudiantes de la asignatura Enseñanza en Enfermería
Authors: Espeche Rita Raquel , Rojo María Delia
Published: November 2021

Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios se encuentran en una situación preocupante en relación al padecimiento de malnutrición por exceso provocada por diferentes factores como socioeconómicos, culturales, políticos, entre otros, que afectan considerablemente a esta población. Objetivo: Comprender la percepción sobre alimentación y modo de consumo que poseen los estudiantes de enfermería. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa fenomenológica. La muestra fue por conveniencia y saturación teórica. Se realizaron 9 entrevistas individuales abiertas a estudiantes, grabadas en audio, siguiendo una guía temática, luego se realizó el tratamiento de la información por medio de agrupación temática. Resultados: Mientras que una de las categorías mostró la opinión de que la alimentación saludable consiste en una dieta balanceada, otra categoría reflejó la visión de que la alimentación saludable es la de las personas enfermas. Además, algunas categorías tomaron en cuenta la situación económica familiar, es decir, el dinero destinado a la compra y preparación de los alimentos para el consumo en los hogares de los estudiantes. Conclusión: Los estudiantes de enfermería perciben los alimentos saludables como aquellos que favorecen a la buena salud. Ante la selección de los alimentos, reconocieron limitaciones económicas, escaso tiempo, gusto o preferencia y, además, escasas opciones para seleccionar y adquirir alimentos saludables en el campo universitario. A la hora de elegir, optan por los más económicos, que señalan como alimentos no saludables.
Prácticas sobre cuidado de niños con discapacidad construidas por cuidadores del Instituto de Capacitación Los Álamos
Authors: Arias Becerra Nidia Johana , Ayala Hernández Jessica María , Taborda Mazo Andrea , Choperena Posada Andres , González Mejía Alejandra , Naranjo Lopez Juan Felipe , Tuberquia Velásquez María Clara
Published: November 2021

Introducción: La labor de cuidado de niños con discapacidad en primera infancia está mediada por muchos elementos, entre ellos, las prácticas. Dada la discapacidad y la edad de los niños, es habitual que sean sus cuidadores los responsables de su bienestar. Comprender las prácticas de los cuidadores permite optimizar e implementar rutinas funcionales, que propendan al bienestar y la calidad de vida de los niños y sus cuidadores. Objetivo: Comprender las prácticas de personas encargadas del cuidado a niños con discapacidad, de 1 a 6 años de edad, en el Instituto de Capacitación Los Álamos (Itagüí, Colombia). Método: Estudio cualitativo enfocado en la teoría fundamentada. Se invitó a participar 12 madres sustitutas del instituto, se realizó un muestreo a conveniencia hasta la saturación teórica. Hallazgos: Las prácticas se constituyen en rutinas de cuidado que incluyen actividades que son específicas para los niños con discapacidad, tales como masajes, terapias, adaptaciones del espacio para el posicionamiento y la participación, entre otros. Actividades como la alimentación y el masaje son igual de importantes a la hora del cuidado de un niño con discapacidad. Conclusión: El cuidado de niños con discapacidad supone la realización de múltiples actividades y diferentes prácticas específicas para la condición del niño. A pesar de lo difíciles que son, terminan estando inmersas en un compilado de rutinas que se incorporan al día a día de la familia.
Glossonymics as a University Curricular Reality
Authors:   Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Kikvidze Zaal
Published: November 2021

Glossonymics (<Gr. glossa ‘language’ + onyma ‘name’) is a linguistic discipline studying language names, their origin and development, their formation, meaning, uses, taxonomies and classifications, etc. Despite its salient theoretical and practical relevance, the aformentioned realm is still in its earlier stage of development, this being highlighted by the fact that the term for language names (and for a respective discipline) has not been unified. The hitherto identified glossonymic taxons are relevant, however, insufficient. Some occasionally occurring terms and notions can in no way represent a systemic picture of existing relations. A more intensive inclusion of issues of glossonymics in academic circulation will allow us to solve problems associated with their taxonomies and classifications. Glossonymics is also concerned with problems of relationships of language names with respective ethnonyms, choronyms, toponyms, and/or politonyms. As a rule, the majority of glossonyms have been derived from them; however, there are some reverse cases, and they should receive due attention. As for descriptions of glossonyms for individual languages and language families and/or groups, they should be dealt with both within a historical framework and based on contemporary references (for instance, ISO 639; Glottolog). Adequate application skills of these resources are a necessary part of a would-be linguist’s professional competence. Various problems pertaining to glossonymics can be discussed both within a course of an individual language or a language family and within a framework of a specialized course; the former normally occurs in materials of virtually every such course and the latter still awaits its implementation. It is such a specialized course that will provide for the teaching of glossonymics in its completeness and consistency.
The Use of Popular Songs and Films in Overcoming the Typical Mistakes of Georgian Learners of English
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Demetradze Irine
Published: November 2021

The paper focuses on the typical mistakes of Georgian learners of English. The students’ errors are usually caused by native language interference. The theoretical framework embraces the works of Lado, 1957; Corder, 1981; Spicher & Sweeney, 2007; Salcedo, 2002; Ludke, 2009 etc. The empirical material is obtained from personal experience of teaching as well as popular media patfroms. As English and Georgian are structurally extremely different, the errors of Georgian students are most frequently related to grammar. Based on the longstanding experience of teaching English as a foreign language, the author argues that students easily overcome the problem of native language interference and related frequent errors if they are given examples from the texts of popular songs and films. Taking into account that songs and films represent authentic, natural language, they serve as an ideal medium for improving pronunciation, learning morphological and syntactic patterns, enriching the vocabulary, improving the students’ listening skills and so on. Besides, the lyrics of songs are usually very easily obtainable from Youtube or other media platforms. It is widely discussed that songs facilitate foreign language acquisition. Listening to songs and watching interesting fragments of films is not as time-consuming as reading grammar textbooks, learning the rules and doing exercises. The process is very efficient and enjoyable both for the teacher and the students. Thanks to the refrains of songs, which are repeated several times, certain words and syntactical patterns are firmly fixed in the learner’s mind. This is especially important when the teacher tries to help students overcome the typical errors caused by the so-called “negative transfer” i.e. native language interference. The paper analyzes cases when the texts of songs and films have helped overcome issues like: complex object vs direct object, the use of relative pronouns and conjunctions, various types of subordinate clauses, the rules of using so/such, conditional sentences of different types and so on. The paper gives recommendations as to which particular song or film is the most efficient in overcoming each of the above-mentioned problems. The author also notes that, in some cases, the lyrics of songs have the opposite effect on the learner, i.e. the grammar and spelling rules are completely ignored in some songs. The paper argues that in such cases teachers should be extremely careful and offer special explanation to students in order to prevent them from making such errors.
Some Interesting Internet Resources and Activities for Teaching a Foreign Language (English) Online
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Gelashvili Khatuna
Published: November 2021

Is online teaching worse than the one in the classroom? No, it is different and sometimes even better, only teachers should be aware of available resources and techniques in order to use peculiarities of online teaching effectively. We should know when and how to apply them and how to select the most effective ones for specific tasks to achieve the best results in teaching. The aim of this conference presentation is sharing some effective webpages, activities and techniques that work better while teaching online and that have been tested in my online teaching English and Georgian as second languages. The participants will practically get familiarized with some of the resources. More specifically, the presentation will cover the following topics: • some websites for presenting new material, practicing it and testing it • some websites and the activities or techniques for teaching, revising and activating vocabulary • some websites for correct pronunciation • some websites for getting students’ feedback The participants of this presentation will not only theoretically learn the presented resources, teaching activities and techniques, but also they will immediately use the most effective ones for online teaching at the conference session. They will be able to select some new resources of their interest and use them in their teaching practice. Keywords: online teaching, the second/foreign language, English as a Foreign Language (EFL), sharing experience, online teaching resources
A framework for leveraging animal movement to understand spatio-temporal disease dynamics
Authors: Wilber Mark , Yang Anni , Boughton Raoul , Manlove Kezia , Miller Ryan , Pepin Kim , Wittemyer George
Published: November 2021

The ongoing explosion of fine-resolution movement data in animal systems
provides a unique opportunity to empirically quantify spatial, temporal,
and individual variation in transmission risk and improve our ability to
forecast disease outbreaks. However, we lack a generalizable framework
that can leverage movement data to quantify transmission risk and how it
affects pathogen invasion and persistence on heterogeneous landscapes.
We developed a flexible framework “Movement-driven modeling of
spatio-temporal infection risk” (MoveSTIR) that leverages diverse data
on animal movement to derive metrics of direct and indirect contact by
decomposing transmission into constituent processes of contact formation
and duration and pathogen deposition and acquisition. We use MoveSTIR to
demonstrate that ignoring fine-scale animal movements on actual
landscapes can mis-characterize transmission risk and epidemiological
dynamics. MoveSTIR unifies previous work on epidemiological contact
networks and can address applied and theoretical questions at the nexus
of movement and disease ecology.
Atrial thrombus masquerading as atrial myxoma: Preliminary analysis of echocardiographic findings
Authors: song fang , hu guobing
Published: November 2021

We retrospectively analyzed the echocardiographic findings of 8 patients
with atrial thrombus (AT). This study was conducted in Yijishan Hospital
between January 2019 and September 2021. Of the 8 patients, right atrial
mass was detected in 4 patients, and left atrial mass was detected in
the rest 4 patients. All masses were initially diagnosed as myxoma,
which were later confirmed as thrombus. Athough echocardiography can
provide significant information about the nature of atrial mass in many
patients, a small percentage of atrial masses remain difficult to make a
qualitative diagnosis.