bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisión de la literatura sobre estudios de juventud rural en América Latina y el Caribe durante 2001-2019
Authors: Zabala Perilla Andrés Felipe , Knobloch Neil A.
Published: December 2021

Esta revisión de la literatura se basó en 45 estudios de investigación que se enfocaron en la juventud rural latinoamericana. Dichos estudios fueron publicados en revistas arbitradas entre 2001 y 2019. El análisis de los documentos se dividió en enfoques de investigación, métodos utilizados, participantes y principales hallazgos. Se identificaron cuatro enfoques de investigación: 1) migración rural juvenil, 2) educación y/o comunicación para juventud rural, 3) expectativas y perspectivas de la juventud rural y 4) caracterizaciones de la juventud rural. Aunque las definiciones tradicionales de juventud utilizan rangos de edad entre 14 y 25 años, se observó un concepto ampliado dentro de los estudios analizados. Con respecto a los métodos, los estudios utilizaron estrategias cuantitativas, cualitativas y de métodos mixtos. Sin embargo, en algunos casos, no se desarrollaron o se mencionaron elementos como el enfoque de investigación cualitativa, la representatividad estadística (para estudios cuantitativos) o la triangulación en el análisis mixto. Por último, se observó que los cuatro enfoques de investigación coinciden en que el contexto rural latinoamericano impone barreras para la juventud; por tanto, sus aspiraciones están más orientadas hacia las actividades urbanas. Además, algunos autores subrayaron la importancia de la educación y la extensión para el empoderamiento de la juventud rural en América Latina.
Assessment of Glycemic Control at St. Luke’s Free Medical Clinic: Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Hopper Wade , Fox Justin , Dimucci-Ward JuliSu
Published: December 2021

Background

A free clinic is a health care delivery model that provides primary care and pharmaceutical services exclusively to uninsured patients. With a multidisciplinary volunteer clinical staff, which includes physicians, social workers, dieticians, and osteopathic medical students, St. Luke’s Free Medical Clinic (SLFMC) cares for over 1700 patients annually in Spartanburg, South Carolina.

Objective

This study aims to measure the change, over time, in patient hemoglobin A1c measurements at the SLFMC to quantify the success of the clinic’s diabetes treatment program.

Methods

A prospective-retrospective chart review of patients (n=140) enrolled at the SLFMC between January 1, 2018, and January 1, 2021, was performed. Patients were stratified as having controlled (hemoglobin A1c<7.0, n=53) or uncontrolled (hemoglobin A1c≥7.0, n=87) diabetes relative to a therapeutic hemoglobin A1c target of 7.0, which is recommended by the American Diabetes Association. For both controlled and uncontrolled groups, baseline hemoglobin A1c values were compared to subsequent readings using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Results from the SLFMC population were compared to the published literature on hemoglobin A1c from other free clinics.

Results

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experienced significant reductions in median hemoglobin A1c at both 6 months (P=.006) and 1 year (P=.002) from baseline. Patients with controlled diabetes showed no significant changes. Black and Hispanic patients with uncontrolled diabetes experienced a 1.0% mean improvement in hemoglobin A1c over the study window. The SLFMC’s wholly uninsured patient population showed a population rate of controlled diabetes (42%), which was similar to recent nationwide averages for adults with diabetes (51% to 56%), as reported by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The clinic’s Hispanic population (n=47) showed the greatest average improvement in hemoglobin A1c of any ethnic group from baseline. Additionally, 61% of the SLFMC’s Black population (n=33) achieved a hemoglobin A1c of <7.0 by the end of the study window, which surpassed the nationwide averages for glycemic control.

Conclusions

We present free clinic hemoglobin A1c outcomes obtained through a retrospective chart review. Uninsured patients treated for diabetes at the SLFMC show a reduction in hemoglobin A1c, which is comparable to nationwide standards, although average hemoglobin A1c levels in this study were higher than nationwide averages. Black and Hispanic patients with uncontrolled diabetes showed a mean 1% improvement in hemoglobin A1c levels. These results represent some of the first in the literature emerging from a free clinic that is not affiliated with a major medical school.
Use of Artificial Intelligence as a Predictor of the Response to Treatment in Alopecia Areata
Authors: Alarcón-Soldevilla Fernando , Hernández-Gómez Francisco José , García-Carmona Juan Antonio , Campoy Carreño Celia , Grimalt Ramon , Vañó-Galvan Sergio , Pardo Sánchez José , Hernández Gómez Tamara Amanda , Ruffin Villaoslada Luis Francisco Javier , López Avila Ángel , Allegue Gallego Fernando Javier , Arcas-Tunez Francisco
Published: December 2021

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged in dermatology with some studies focusing on skin disorders such as skin cancer, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and onychomycosis. Alopecia areata (AA) is a dermatological disease whose prevalence is 0.7%-3% in the United States, and is characterized by oval areas of nonscarring hair loss of the scalp or body without evident clinical variables to predict its response to the treatment. Nonetheless, some studies suggest a predictive value of trichoscopic features in the evaluation of treatment responses. Assuming that black dots, broken hairs, exclamation marks, and tapered hairs are markers of negative predictive value of the treatment response, while yellow dots are markers of no response to treatment according to recent studies, the absence of these trichoscopic features could indicate favorable disease evolution without treatment or even predict its response. Nonetheless, no studies have reportedly evaluated the role of AI in AA on the basis of trichoscopic features.

Objective

This study aimed to develop an AI algorithm to predict, using trichoscopic images, those patients diagnosed with AA with a better disease evolution.

Methods

In total, 80 trichoscopic images were included and classified in those with or without features of negative prognosis. Using a data augmentation technique, they were multiplied to 179 images to train an AI algorithm, as previously carried out with dermoscopic images of skin tumors with a favorable response. Subsequently, 82 new images of AA were presented to the algorithm, and the algorithm classified these patients as responders and non-responders; this process was reviewed by an expert trichologist observer and presented a concordance higher than 90% with the algorithm identifying structures described previously. Evolution of the cases was followed up to truly determine their response to treatment and, therefore, to assess the predictive value of the algorithm.

Results

In total, 32 of 40 (80%) images of patients predicted as nonresponders scarcely showed response to the treatment, while 34 of 42 (81%) images of those predicted as responders showed a favorable response to the treatment.

Conclusions

The development of an AI algorithm or tool could be useful to predict AA evolution and its response to treatment. However, further research is needed, including larger sample images or trained algorithms, by using images previously classified in accordance with the disease evolution and not with trichoscopic features.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.
Are We Missing Something? The Skin Lesions Not Seen in Teledermatology (Preprint)
Authors: Jones Leah , Oakley Amanda
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

The suspected skin cancer electronic referral pathway was introduced in 2017. It requires general practitioners to add regional, close-up, and dermoscopic images to a lesion-specific referral template for a teledermatologist to review and advise on management. The virtual lesion clinic is a nurse-led clinic used since 2010 to obtain high-quality images for teledermoscopy assessment. A limitation of both services is the absence of a full-body examination.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the number of skin cancers missed during teledermatology assessment.

METHODS

This is a retrospective review of skin lesion referrals to dermatology. Suspected skin cancer referrals made in the latter half of 2020 were compared with referrals to the virtual lesion clinic during a similar time period in 2016.

RESULTS

The study included 481 patients with 548 lesions in the 2020 suspected skin cancer cohort that were matched for age, sex, and ethnicity to 400 patients with 682 lesions in the 2016 virtual lesion clinic cohort. A total of 41 patients underwent subsequent specialist review in the suspected skin cancer cohort compared to 91 in the virtual lesion clinic cohort. A total of 20% of the suspected skin cancer cohort and 24% of the virtual lesion clinic cohort were found to have at least one additional lesion of concern. The majority of these were keratinocytic skin cancers; there were 2 and 0 additional melanomas or melanoma-in-situ, respectively. The virtual lesion clinic nurses identified additional lesions for imaging in 78 of 400 (20%) patients assessed in the virtual lesion clinic. The teledermatologist determined (author AO) that 73% of these additional lesions were malignant. Of the 548 lesions, 10 (2%) in the suspected skin cancer group were rereferred, none of which had a change in diagnosis. Out of 682 lesions, 16 (2%) in the virtual lesion clinic cohort were rereferred, 6 (1%) of which had a change in diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients diagnosed with skin cancer often have multiple lesions of concern. Single-lesion teledermoscopy diagnoses have high concordance with in-person evaluation and histology; however, we have shown that in-person examination may reveal other suspicious lesions. The importance of a full-body skin examination should be emphasized to the referrer.
Use of Artificial Intelligence as a Predictor of the Response to Treatment in Alopecia Areata (Preprint)
Authors: Alarcón-Soldevilla Fernando , Hernández-Gómez Francisco José , García-Carmona Juan Antonio , Campoy Carreño Celia , Grimalt Ramon , Vañó-Galvan Sergio , Pardo Sánchez José , Hernández Gómez Tamara Amanda , Ruffin Villaoslada Luis Francisco Javier , López Avila Ángel , Allegue Gallego Fernando Javier , Arcas-Tunez Francisco
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged in dermatology with some studies focusing on skin disorders such as skin cancer, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and onychomycosis. Alopecia areata (AA) is a dermatological disease whose prevalence is 0.7%-3% in the United States, and is characterized by oval areas of nonscarring hair loss of the scalp or body without evident clinical variables to predict its response to the treatment. Nonetheless, some studies suggest a predictive value of trichoscopic features in the evaluation of treatment responses. Assuming that black dots, broken hairs, exclamation marks, and tapered hairs are markers of negative predictive value of the treatment response, while yellow dots are markers of no response to treatment according to recent studies, the absence of these trichoscopic features could indicate favorable disease evolution without treatment or even predict its response. Nonetheless, no studies have reportedly evaluated the role of AI in AA on the basis of trichoscopic features.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop an AI algorithm to predict, using trichoscopic images, those patients diagnosed with AA with a better disease evolution.

METHODS

In total, 80 trichoscopic images were included and classified in those with or without features of negative prognosis. Using a data augmentation technique, they were multiplied to 179 images to train an AI algorithm, as previously carried out with dermoscopic images of skin tumors with a favorable response. Subsequently, 82 new images of AA were presented to the algorithm, and the algorithm classified these patients as responders and non-responders; this process was reviewed by an expert trichologist observer and presented a concordance higher than 90% with the algorithm identifying structures described previously. Evolution of the cases was followed up to truly determine their response to treatment and, therefore, to assess the predictive value of the algorithm.

RESULTS

In total, 32 of 40 (80%) images of patients predicted as nonresponders scarcely showed response to the treatment, while 34 of 42 (81%) images of those predicted as responders showed a favorable response to the treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

The development of an AI algorithm or tool could be useful to predict AA evolution and its response to treatment. However, further research is needed, including larger sample images or trained algorithms, by using images previously classified in accordance with the disease evolution and not with trichoscopic features.
Протиепілептичні препарати з ноотропним ефектом — оптимальний вибір за необхідності комплексної терапії коморбідних розладів
Authors: Goransky Yu.I. , Hertsev V.M. , Serhieieva M.Yu.
Published: December 2021

У статті наведено результати огляду, присвяченого пошуку оптимальних методів лікування пацієнтів з епілепсією, які мають супутні когнітивні порушення. Встановлено, що протиепілептичні препарати з ноотропним ефектом є найбільш оптимальним вибором у плані комплаєнсу терапії, а також зменшення частоти побічних ефектів у разі монотерапії порівняно з комбінованим застосуванням ноотропів і протиепілептичних препаратів. Одним з препаратів вибору, позитивний вплив якого на когнітивні функції в пацієнтів з епілепсією доведено, є леветирацетам. Завдяки високому профілю безпеки він може бути рекомендований до застосування в літніх пацієнтів з епілепсією, у тому числі для усунення в них епілептичного статусу, а також може використовуватися при поєднанні хвороби Альцгеймера з епілепсією. Перспективним напрямом подальших досліджень є вивчення можливостей застосування леветирацетаму при травматичних ушкодженнях нервової системи.
Evaluation of physical and chemical variables of organic substrates in a hydroponic system for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch)
Authors: Guerrero-Guerrero Elizabeth Marcela , Criollo-Escobar Hernando , Cháves German , Vélez Jorge Alberto
Published: December 2021

This project is presented as an innovative and clean alternative that optimizes the use of small areas for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) production in the department of Nariño. This research was conducted at the Centro Internacional de Producción Limpia Lope -SENA- Regional Nariño, with the aim of evaluating physical and chemical variables of organic substrates such as coconut fiber, rice husk, and their mixtures for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) variety Albión production in a hydroponic system. Six treatments and four repetitions were performed; the treatments were 100% rice husk, 70% rice husk and 30% coconut fiber mixture, 50% of each of the substrates used, a mixture of 70% coconut fiber and 30% rice husk, 100% coconut fiber, and a control in soil with plastic cover. A comparative analysis was made between the average values obtained in the initial stage and the final stage of the experiment, evaluating physical and chemical properties such as bulk density, real density, gravimetric moisture, granulometry, pH, and electrical conductivity. The experiment showed that taking initial and final measurements of the substrates allows adequate monitoring for optimal crop development since a substrate with a high percentage of particles in the sieve <0.25, electrical conductivities greater than 2000 µS.cm-1, and an increase in bulk density can produce salinization and compaction, negatively impacting the crop.
Carbon capture in three land use systems in the Colombian Amazonia
Authors: Pardo-Rozo Yelly-Yamparli , Andrade-Castañeda Hernán-Jair , Muñoz-Ramos Jader , Velásquez-Restrepo Jaime-Enrique
Published: December 2021

The main strategies to combat climate change are reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, forest plantations, and agroforestry systems. Deforestation and land use changes in the Amazonia bear great responsibility both for the fixation and emission of GHG. The aim of this research was to estimate the carbon stored in above-ground biomass of forests, rubber plantations (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.), and trees in pastures in the Colombian Amazonia piedmont. Data was collected in 40 farms located in the rural area of the municipality of Belén de Los Andaquíes (Colombia). A total of 174 temporal sampling plots of 250 m2 each were established (80 in forests, 40 in rubber plantations and 54 in pastures with trees). In these plots, the diameter at breast height (dbh) was measured in trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm, and the above-ground biomass was estimated with allometric models for the Colombian Amazon. The carbon stored was 154.1 Mg ha-1 in forests, 1.4 Mg ha-1 in pastures with trees and 138.9 Mg ha-1 in rubber plantations. Positive changes for mitigation of climate change could be achieved through the conversion of agricultural areas, mainly pastures, to forests (+560 Mg CO2 ha-1). Likewise, if deforestation stops in the area, the estimated emissions reduction would be 0.16 Tg CO2 year-1.
Response of two pepper species (Capsicum chinense Jacq. and Capsicum frutescens L.) to salt stress at germination stage in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Da Silva Mairton Gomes , De Oliveira Gondim Ancélio Ricardo , Feitoza Ledo Eder Ramon , Francilino Anna Hozana , Da Silva Yasmin , Gheyi Hans Raj
Published: December 2021

Salinity is one of the striking problems in agricultural production in many parts of the world. Seed germination and seedling growth are two critical stages for the establishment of crops generally most sensitive to salt stress. The present study aimed at evaluating the germination and initial growth of pepper seedlings produced from seeds under different soaking times in NaCl solutions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 4 × 5 factorial scheme using two pepper species (Capsicum chinense Jacq. and Capsicum frutescens L.), four levels of electrical conductivity (EC) of solutions (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1) and five times of seed soaking in the solutions (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h), with three replications. The traits evaluated were the number of germinated seedlings, percentage of germination, seedling height, and root length. The results showed that C. frutescens pepper was more tolerant to different times of soaking in saline solutions prepared with NaCl compared to C. chinense. Thus, the results suggest that depending on the pepper species, it is recommended to use seeds primed in saline solutions with salinity levels compatible with those under field conditions (in saline soils and/or irrigation with saline waters).
Detection of auxinic compounds in germinating seedlings
Authors: Oliva-Hernández Amanda Alejandra , Quiroz-Velásquez Jesús Di Carlo , García-Olivares Jesus Gerardo , García-León Israel , Lizarazo-Ortega Cristian , Hernández-Mendoza Jose Luis
Published: December 2021

Tryptophan (TRP) is a metabolite from which several important metabolic syntheses arise in plants, animals, and humans. In bacteria and fungi, it is a precursor of Indole Acetic acid (IAA) using various metabolic pathways. The objective of this study is the detection of intermediate metabolites in the synthesis of IAA in seeds of several species in the germination process. In the study, seeds of plant species grown in deionized water were placed in order to stimulate germination and samples were taken every 24 hours. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the detection of the compounds. The results show that the pH of the medium is altered and there is no pattern of behavior. Regarding the detected compounds, in addition to TRP, there is indole-3-acetamide (IAM), 3-indoleacetonitrile (IAN), tryptamine (TRM), which are part of the TRP-dependent routes, since they use this amino acid as a precursor. Anthranilic acid (AA) and kynurenine (KYN), which are part of the Independent TRP pathway, were also detected. IAA and TRP were also detected during the germination process of the studied seeds (Sorghum bicolor, T aesativum, Zea mayz, Phaseolus vulgaris, G. hirsutum, Cucurbita maxima). Finally, it was observed that the seeds, due to weight loss, suffer physical wear during the germination process, since there is a difference between the initial dry weight and the weight of the seeds at the end of the study.
Diagnóstico de diseño y uso del espacio vial peatonal: aportes desde el paisaje para la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina
Authors: Birche Mariana Evelyn
Published: December 2021

In the context of increasingly more complex urban scenarios, the infrastructure of the city's road spaces is still almost exclusively dedicated to cars. The city of La Plata is no exception, also presenting an interesting contrast between its planned urban areas and those that have grown due to urban sprawl. The concept of pedestrian space is understood starting from the different functions it fulfills, not only insofar as a transport infrastructure, but also as public and strategic spaces that shape the urban landscape. Thus, this article proposes, on one hand, the generation of primary information and, on the other, the construction of a diagnosis about the design and use of the pedestrian space. For this, a survey of the current state of the pedestrian space, its dimensions, morphological characteristics, and landscape elements, is carried out. Although there is an adequate amount of space reserved for pedestrian use, it is confirmed that in many sectors it is still not accessible or pleasant for citizens, due to its poor condition or complete lack of upkeep.
Prevalência de maloclusão na dentição decídua
Authors: López Fernanda Ullmann , Cezar Giovana Martins , Ghisleni Gislaine Crippa , Farina Janice Cogo , Beltrame Karine Pires , Ferreira Eduardo Silveira
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of open bite, deep bíte, cross-bíte, occurrerrce of physiolological diastema premature dental loss and antero-posteríor arch relatíonship, according to Angle's classification modified to deciduous dentition in children aged 3-5 years. The sample was made up by 567 children, 294 males and 273 females who where registred ín public schools ín the cíty of Porto Alegre RS. The results indicated that the anterior open bíte has a híghfrequency ín deciduos dentítíon (38.80%) that in posteior open bite was not significant (0,35%) Deep bite presents a rate of 24.52%. The prevalence of cross-bíte ín this stage of dentítíon is I7,46%. whích unilateral posteior cross-bíte has the híghest rate (9.35%). The more prevalent arch Type is the Baume's Type I arch, found ín 73.19% of the sample. Observing the antero-posteior arch relationship, the rate of 64.20% was obtained to Class I, 18.52% to Closs II maloccluion and finally 17.28% to Class III maloccluion.
Revisão por décadas da evolução dos experimentos com o uso de condicionamento ácido sobre o complexo dentino-pulpar
Authors: Fachin Elaine Vianna Freitas , Germann Jeanne Scheffer , Musskopf Marta Liliana , Mastalir Verônica
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this review was to get significant experimental data about the acid etching technique upon the pulpo-dentinal complex highlighting aspects such as pulpal biology and dentinal permeability. Studies since the early 70's, going to 80's and 90's show the value of acid retention as well as the need of protective bases to lower the toxic effects of acid etching.
Frequência de perdas de primeiros molares permanentes entre jovens da cidade de Porto Alegre
Authors: Badauy Cristiano Macabú , Barbachan João Jorge Diniz
Published: December 2021

The pourpose of this study is to verify the frequency of loss of first permanent molar (1º PM) and the percentage of the sample responsible for this loss among youngs of the Porto Alegre town. Were examined 10220 males with age enter 17 and 29 years with variable social, economic and cultural patterns, whit presented for health inspection for military obrigatory service at 2000 year. The index adoted was the mortality of 1º PM, considerated too how lost when there was only radiculary rests. The results showed 1960 persons or 19,18% of the sample with loss of 3374 1º PM or a frequency of loss of 8,26% of the cases.
Waqf and State Interference: A Phenomenology Study in Al-Azhar University, Egypt
Authors: Abdullah Agung
Published: December 2021

This paper was aimed at revealing the Egyptian Government's intervention in the management of Al-Azharwaqf. The data was collected by interviewing officials at the Al-Azhar University in Egypt, officials at the Egyptian Ministry of Education, academics and Waqf researchers in Egypt. The results of this study indicated that Egyptian Government intervened and took over the management of Al-Azharwaqf by issuing laws related to waqf and its management from 1923 to 1971. The impact of the takeover of Al-Azharwaqf management by the State also made Al-Azhar was no longer economically independent and was held hostage by the government.
EFEITO DA GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA NA RELAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO FINANCEIRO E DO OPORTUNISMO GERENCIAL COM AS PERDAS DO GOODWILL
Authors: Krein Viviane , Moura Geovanne Dias de , Baú Dal Magro Cristian
Published: December 2021

O estudo objetivou verificar o efeito do monitoramento da governança corporativa na relação do desempenho financeiro e do oportunismo gerencial com as perdas do goodwill. A amostra foi composta por 173 companhias listadas na B3 com goodwill no período de 2012 a 2017. A variável que captou a existência de perdas no valor recuperável do goodwill foi evidenciada pela dummy igual a 1. Em seguida, foi identificada a magnitude das perdas do goodwill em relação ao ativo total das empresas. Os indicadores de desempenho foram: crescimento das vendas, variação do fluxo de caixa operacional, rentabilidade dos ativos e market-to-book. Quanto ao oportunismo gerencial, as variáveis foram: endividamento, tamanho da empresa, primeiro ano de mandato do CEO e último ano de mandato do CEO. O indicador de governança corporativa foi construído pelo conjunto de quatro características: maioria de membros independentes no conselho de administração; não dualidade entre os cargos de diretor-presidente e presidente do conselho de administração; auditoria por firma big four; e, existência do comitê de auditoria. Os resultados apontaram que 9,83% das empresas que possuíam goodwill, reconheceram perdas no valor recuperável. O setor de petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis possuía o maior percentual médio de magnitude nas perdas do goodwill. Os resultados sugerem também que a existência e a magnitude das perdas do goodwill estavam associadas ao desempenho financeiro e não ao oportunismo gerencial. Por fim, os resultados indicaram ainda que a governança desempenha um papel de monitoramento na relação entre o desempenho financeiro e as perdas do goodwill.
EFICIÊNCIA DO ATENDIMENTO ASSISTENCIAL NOS HOSPITAIS UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Mota Samuel Cavalcante , Valério de Oliveira Antonio Rafael , Vasconcelos Alessandra Carvalho de
Published: December 2021

O aumento dos gastos com saúde, afeta mais os países em desenvolvimento, sobretudo em função do envelhecimento populacional, da inflação dos custos médicos e da polarização econômica e social. Um dos maiores desafios para o gestor público, em especial de saúde, consiste em buscar ganhos de eficiência, já que os recursos são escassos. Referente aos hospitais universitários, a complexidade do atendimento assistencial é agravada pelo acréscimo das atividades de ensino e pesquisa. A criação da Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) em 2011 implementou a gestão empresarial, onde se acentua a pressão por eficiência. Nesse contexto, o estudo avalia a eficiência do atendimento assistencial nos hospitais universitários federais geridos pela EBSERH. Foi procedida a Análise por Envoltória de Dados (DEA), Modelo BCC (Banker-Charnes-Cooper), com orientação para outputs, para o cálculo da eficiência dos 40 hospitais que mantêm contrato com a EBSERH. Foram aplicados correlação e testes de médias sobre os dados de 2018. Os resultados indicam que 10 hospitais são eficientes, sendo seis localizados na Região Nordeste. Dentre os cinco hospitais com os mais baixos níveis de eficiência, incluem-se os dois do Rio de Janeiro. A taxa de mortalidade foi a variável que apresentou o maior potencial de melhoria, requerendo mais atenção dos gestores. Não foi identificada correlação significante entre a eficiência nos hospitais e a porcentagem de despesas custeadas por fontes de receitas próprias e do SUS. Além disso, observou-se uma diferença entre o nível de eficiência nos hospitais universitários de maior porte e o daqueles de menor porte.
Promjena brodske gradske uprave 1942. godine – sukob stare i nove elite?
Authors: Milec Ivan
Published: December 2021

U članku je na temelju arhivske građe, tiska i relevantne literature analiziran
proces smjene brodskog gradonačelnika Slavka Vrgoča, koji je trajao kroz čitavu
1942. godinu, a u sukobe su bili uključeni najvažniji akteri tadašnje brodske
političke, društvene i ekonomske scene. Uz često osobne animozitete i borbu za
vlast, u spomenutim su događajima vidljivi i elementi sukoba nove, ustaške,
elite u nastajanju, i stare predratne elite koja kroz svoju ekonomsku moć i
međusobnu umreženost nastoji očuvati ili čak proširiti svoj utjecaj.
The analysis of chromatographic behavior of homoandrostane derivatives in reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Kovacevic Strahinja , Karadzic-Banjac Milica , Anojcic Jasmina , Jevric Lidija , Podunavac-Kuzmanovic Sanja , Gadzuric Slobodan , Savic Marina , Kuzminac Ivana , Nikolic Andrea , Sakac Marija
Published: December 2021

Homoandrostane derivatives, as compounds with significant bioactivity, were
studied in terms of their chromatographic behavior in reversed-phase
ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC). In the present
study, five androstane derivatives from the series of homoandrostanes were
analyzed, including: 3?-hydroxy-17-oxa-17a-homoandrost-5-en-16-one,
3?,5?-dihydroxy-17- oxa-17a-homoandrostane-6,16-dione,
17-oxa-5?,6?-epoxy-17a-homoandrostane-3,16-dione, 5?-hydroxy-
17-oxa-17a-homoandrostane-6,16-dione-3?-yl acetate and
3?-hydroxy-17-oxa-5?,6?-epoxy-Dhomoandrostan- 16-one. The compounds were
analyzed by applying methanol-water mobile phases with different volume
fractions of methanol, as a polar protic solvent, and logk0 parameters of
each compound were determined. The outstanding correlations between in
silico logP descriptors and logk0 parameters were obtained, as well as
between in silico logD descriptors and logk0 parameters. The logk0
parameters are very well correlated with polar surface area (PSA) descriptor
as well. The studied compounds and lipophilicity descriptors (including the
chromatographic lipophilicity parameters - logk0) were clustered applying
hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) in the form of clustered heat map known
as double dendrogram. Furthermore, the sum of ranking differences (SRD)
method was used for the ranking of the lipophilicity measures of the
analyzed homoandrostane derivatives so the most suitable lipophilicity
measures of this series of compounds can be selected.
The effect of cultivation time on xanthan production by Xanthomonas spp. on glycerol containing medium
Authors: Zahovic Ida , Dodic Jelena , Grahovac Jovana , Grahovac Mila , Trivunovic Zorana
Published: December 2021

In this study, the influence of cultivation time on xanthan biosynthesis by
different Xanthomonas strains, reference strain and crucifers? and pepper
leaves? isolates, was examined. Biopolymer was produced by submerged
cultivation of fourteen producing strains on medium with glycerol as a sole
carbon source. Each experiment was performed at a laboratory level under
aerobic conditions at 30?C and 150 rpm for 168 h and 240 h. Bioprocess
efficacy was estimated based on the xanthan quantity and its average
molecular weight that was selected as quality parameter. According to the
obtained results, it can be concluded that all applied strains have a
statistically significant effect on xanthan concentration in medium and on
its average molecular weight, while cultivation time significantly affect
the bioprocess efficacy only when biosynthesis is performed by Xanthomonas
strains isolated from crucifers. Further, when only Xanthomonas strains
isolated from crucifers are observed, statistically obtained data suggest
that the largest amount of the best quality xanthan in applied experimental
conditions can be accomplished by the cultivation of CB strain for 240 h. On
the other hand, when it comes to Xanthomonas strains isolated from pepper
leaves, the highest productivity is shown by PL 2, PL 4 and PL 5 strains
regardless of the cultivation time, while the PL 3 strain was responsible
for the synthesis of biopolymers with the highest average molecular weight.
The results obtained in this study represent valuable information for
development of biotechnological process for xanthan production on glycerol
containing media using new producing strain.
Antimicrobial activities of different agents including pyrophyllite against foodborne pathogens: A brief review
Authors: Bocarov-Stancic Aleksandra , Krulj Jelena , Maslovaric Marijana , Bodroza-Solarov Marija , Jovanovic Rade , Beskorovajni Radmila , Adamovic Milan
Published: December 2021

There has been worldwide an increasing interest and more strict criteria for
food/feed safety including absence or reduction of the total number of
microorganisms (bacteria, moulds and yeasts). Besides heavy metals,
materials of biological origin (plant extracts, bio waste, chitosan etc.),
some mineral adsorbents also have antimicrobial properties. There is much
information about the antibacterial activity of the modified bentonite,
montmoriollonite, smectute, zeolites and antifungal activity of various
metal ion-exchanged zeolites and natural mineral clay, but there is almost
no information about the antimicrobial properties of pyrophyllite, a
monoclinic mineral from the group of phyllosilicates. This work summarizes
the recent developments of antimicrobial agents and their application,
current research, and trends in the area, highlighting pyrophyllite and its
potential applications. Pyrophyllite, an unexploited mineral, possesses
antimicrobial properties such as antibacterial and antifungal activities
against foodborne pathogens which contributes to the protection of
consumer?s health and preservation of the environment. Results from
preliminary investigations indicate that pyrophyllite showed antibacterial
properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus
faecalis, and antifungal properties against fungal pathogens (Fusarium
oxysporum, Phoma glomerata and Rhizoctonia solani). This mineral can also be
used for biological control of F. oxysporum in the soil for growing potato.
Sustainable management of waste-to-energy in Republic of Srpska
Authors: Gegic Brankica , Bajic Bojana , Vucurovic Damjan , Gucunski Jovana , Dodic Sinisa
Published: December 2021

Republic of Srpska (RS) is one of the two entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
(BiH). It is located in South-eastern Europe, in the western part of the
Balkan Peninsula. As in most developing countries, waste management is based
on landfilling. The constant increase in waste generation creates a growing
burden on the existing waste management system and the environment.
Comparing the amount of waste with GDP, despite a much lower standard,
RS/BiH residents, compared to EU residents, generate far more waste for the
same amount of money. All generated waste is disposed of in landfills, which
causes greenhouse gas emissions and has a negative effect on the
environment. On the other side, untreated waste deposited in landfills
represents the loss of potential of waste as a renewable energy source. In
this study, an attempt has been made to represent the possibilities of
sustainable waste-to-energy management in RS with the goal to provide
reliable support to decision makers to direct waste management in a
sustainable framework.
Groundwater quality assessment of protected aquatic eco-systems in cross-border areas of Serbia and Croatia
Authors: Obrovski Boris , Mihajlovic Ivana , Vojinovic-Miloradov Mirjana , Sremacki Maja , Spanik Ivan , Petrovic Maja
Published: December 2021

Research results define basis for specific monitoring programs of groundwater quality in wetland eco-systems in Serbia and Croatia. The main purpose of the research was to determine the impact of nonpoint diffuse source pollution on the groundwater quality, as well as seasonal variations on the concentration levels of selected physicochemical parameters. Statistical analyses, PCA, HCA, ANOVA and t-test, encompass 18 monitored parameters in groundwater. Statistical data indicated that protected area in Serbia has a significantly higher load of pollution from agricultural activities compared to Wetlands Tompojevci. The highest load in groundwater was detected from total nitrogen, ammonia and nitrogen anions, indicating contamination of groundwater by nitrogen-based fertilizers. The results obtained within the two-year seasonal monitoring program, from 2018 to 2020, are highly essential for achieving a comprehensive database that could be used as platform for highquality groundwater management in selected protected areas with the aim of minimizing environmental pollution.
Social and jurisprudential exploration of victimisation of health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gulyani Manjinder
Published: December 2021

When human beings are targeted as a class with adverse consequences, whether
personally or professionally, it amounts to the victimisation of that class.
During the ongoing pandemic, every individual, every class, or even every
state has suffered so much. One class that has tried to save us from the
pandemic and yet have been the targets of violent attacks, stigmatisation,
trauma, and even social exclusion, is that of health care workers. The paper
examines the extent of their victimisation and the law or policies enacted
to rescue them. The major conclusions are that the scarcity of the
facilities and the uncertainties of the disease created anxiety amongst
people, and they targeted nurses and also doctors and many of the attacks
went violent. Not only were the health care workers victimised by the
public, but they also had to suffer at the hands of the administration.
Domestic violence as a risk factor for the occurrence and development of behavioural disorders in children
Authors: Lazic Ljubinka
Published: December 2021

Exposure to a traumatic event such as domestic violence has many negative
consequences. The subject of this paper is the behaviour disorder of
children as a consequence of domestic violence as a risk factor. The paper
is based on a case study of the centre for social work. The case of domestic
violence, identified consequences and actions undertaken by the center has
been analysed. Along with a brief overview of the etiological explanation,
the paper gives an overview of the connection between victimization of a
child by domestic violence and the manifested behavioural disorder of a
chuld. This is done on a concrete example of a family in which violence is
present, which is witnessed by the child who shows behavioural disorder. The
nalysis indicates violence as a risk factor for juvenile behaviour disorder
and delinquency. Therefore, importance of a comprehensive approach within
social protection and education systems to children with behavioural
disorders is pointed out.
Living conditions of informal workers: A sociological study of brick kiln workers in district Budgam of Kashmir valley
Authors: Najar Shabir , Zargar Wakar , Manzoor Shazia , Bashir Aadil , Khan Bilal
Published: December 2021

In India, the brick kiln industry is a huge industry employing millions of
workers belonging to both rural and urban areas. Most workers in the brick
kiln industry reside near the worksites in unhygienic and shabby homes,
mainly made up of raw bricks. The present research was carried out on
migrant workers who work in the brick kiln industry in District Budgam of
Kashmir valley. It is a qualitative study carried out with the help of a
focused group discussion with the workers. The study has revealed that all
the workers are from Bihar and work in the brick kiln industry for six to
seven months per year. All the respondents of the study with whom group
discussion was done were illiterate. There are various problems associated
with workers like health problems, lack of proper living space, the problem
of child labour and lack of any social security support from the government.
Workers in the brick kiln industry work under a very high-pressure workload
especially during the peak season of construction. There is an urgent need
on part of the government to frame some policies for the welfare and
protection of migrant brick kiln workers. Further, employers should also
provide safe living space and social security to workers.
Student Self-Disclosure and Faculty Compassion in Online Classrooms
Authors: Lindecker Colleen Ann , Cramer Jennifer Danzy
Published: December 2021

Compassion fatigue is well documented among professionals working in social service fields such as healthcare, emergency response, social work, and education. In higher education, there is a growing demand for faculty led student mental health support and life coaching services to support student retention and success. Students in online settings tend to disclose personally traumatic experiences and circumstances more openly in communications with faculty to seek support and extensions. In this study, we surveyed faculty to explore the relationship between student self-disclosure and faculty compassion fatigue in online classrooms. We hypothesized that student self-disclosure of personal challenges is common and may be related to faculty compassion fatigue and burnout. Results supported the hypothesis that student self-disclosure of personal challenges and trauma was common, experienced by 96% of surveyed faculty. Most faculty had low to average compassion fatigue scores; however, demographic and professional factors were associated with faculty compassion fatigue and burnout. Younger faculty, less experienced faculty, and female faculty had higher levels of compassion fatigue and burnout than older faculty, more experienced faculty, and male faculty. This study provides insight into the personal challenges and trauma students self-disclose to faculty, faculty variables that are associated with disclosure, and the impact student disclosure may have on faculty.Keywords: online teaching, compassion fatigue, student support, self-disclosure, faculty training
Advancing Sociotechnical-Pedagogical Heuristics for the Usability Evaluation of Online Courses for Adult Learners
Authors: Jahnke Isa , Riedel Nathan , Singh Kanupriya , Moore Joi
Published: December 2021

Online courses often include interface designs that do not support a positive learner experience. Literature shows a variety of heuristics to detect issues of online courses. While heuristic-based inspection of usability is a dominant method for evaluating digital systems, these methods cannot be easily transferred to online courses. To close this gap, we identified an initial set of social, technical, and pedagogical related items (STP) heuristics based on literature. Next, we analyzed this set using empirical data from two online courses. In total, we analyzed 195 problems with the goal to substantiate a final set of 14 STP heuristics. This new set allows for efficiently evaluating online courses by supporting evaluators and instructional designers in uncovering the most crucial issues and improving the learner experience. Finally, based on this work, we discuss a definition of learner experience for the emerging field of learner experience design and research.
“An Overwhelming Cloud of Inertia”: Evaluating the Impact of Course Design Changes Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Olson Joann S. , Kenahan Rita
Published: December 2021

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, beginning in March 2020, educators at all levels faced the challenge of responding to student needs and utilizing technology for instruction. While much of the emerging research highlights the experiences of students and instructors as they shifted from face-to-face to remote learning, this study explores the experiences of students in a fully online graduate program as the scope of the pandemic was growing. What is the best way to maintain a community of inquiry (Garrison et al., 2000) when so much is changing? This case study explores the impact of a variety of course design changes that sought to help students meet learning objectives while also seeking to alleviate the unanticipated pressures created by external forces. Ultimately, the findings suggest that increased flexibility with due dates and access to course materials were the most helpful strategy for helping students deal with the disruptive events of the semester. In addition, managing the disruptions and finding some sense of balance were important for both instructors and students.
The Scale of Online Course Anxiety: Assessing College Students’ Anxiety in Online Courses
Authors: Li Xinyang , Lan William , Williams Amanda
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure student online course anxiety, a factor that detrimentally affects student learning in the online environment. Based on Keegan’s theoretical framework that identified fundamental differences between online education and traditional education, the instrument of Scale of Online Course Anxiety (SOCA) was developed and tested with a sample of 170 students from a 4-year higher educational institution. The total score and the four subscale scores show high reliability. Confirmatory Factor Analysis exhibited solid goodness of fit between SOCA items and the factor structure hypothesized in previous literature. Evidence of divergent validity shows SOCA differentiates the state anxiety and trait anxiety as expected. Limitations and possible topics for future research are also discussed.
Exploring Online Pedagogical Practices for Enhancing Transfer of Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Galoyan Tamara , Betts Kristen , Delaney Brian , Fourie Mariette
Published: December 2021

Institutions of higher education play a critical role in bridging academia and workforce, yet college students find it challenging to transfer their learning across and beyond instructional formats, including online, hybrid, and face-to-face. The goals of this exploratory, sequential, mixed-methods study were to (1) explore graduate students’ conceptualizations of transfer, and (2) examine online pedagogical practices for enhancing transfer. Participants included students enrolled in a full-time online graduate degree program in education at a private university in the Mid-Atlantic USA. Findings from the qualitative phase with seven semi-structured interviews were used to design a survey study with 68 graduate students to explore their perceptions of effective online pedagogical practices for enhancing transfer. This study is significant since its findings revealed a number of online practices that instructional designers and faculty can use to optimize learning and transfer in higher education.