bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A linguística aplicada e os estudos brasileiros: (inter-)relações teórico-metodológicas
Authors: Amorim Marcel Alvaro de
Published: March 2017

Resumo: Diversos campos de estudo - e suas agendas de pesquisa - têm procurado se (re-)inventar a partir dos novos discursos que emergem na contemporaneidade. Dentre esses campos, a linguística aplicada e os estudos brasileiros são áreas que, recentemente, têm passado por redescrições, em um movimento de contínua readequação a um fazer científico responsivo e responsável. E, nesse movimento de redescrição, ambas as áreas apostam em novas epistemologias, isto é, novas lentes. Sendo adequadas ao momento atual, essas lentes podem dialogar, contribuindo para a construção de um fazer científico sobre uma educação linguística que considere o contexto social, econômico, político e cultural mais amplo, no qual as pessoas vivem suas vidas. Desse modo, é objetivo deste artigo vislumbrar possíveis (inter-)relações teórico-metodológicas entre as áreas de pesquisa mencionadas: a linguística aplicada e os estudos brasileiros. É minha intenção observar a possibilidade de diálogo efetivo entre esses campos do conhecimento, num movimento de transfertilização, isto é, de benefícios mútuos para as duas áreas em destaque. Desse modo, acredito poder trazer contribuições para uma (re-)descrição da investigação em ensinagem de línguas no Brasil.
DISCURSO PEDAGÓGICO Y DEFENSA DEL MAGISTERIO EN RUFINO CARPENA MONTESINOS
Authors: Garcia Bernat Sureda , Gómez Sara González
Published: March 2017

Resumen El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es, por un lado, estudiar el discurso pedagógico del maestro Rufino Carpena Montesinos, personaje relevante en la historia de la educación española, a través del estudio de sus artículos, y, por otro, analizar su revista, Educacionista, una publicación escolar editada durante los años 1912 y 1913 en Llucmajor/Mallorca, España. Los contenidos escritos y visuales, con una amplia muestra de fotografías, que presenta esta publicación constituyen un ejemplo paradigmático de cómo la prensa jugó un papel fundamental en la difusión de las actividades desarrolladas en el seno de la escuela, dando visibilidad a la labor docente y prestigiando la profesión.
ENTRE AS EXIGÊNCIAS PASTORAIS E A PRESERVAÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE NACIONAL: A SANTA SÉ E A EMIGRAÇÃO ITALIANA PARA O EXTERIOR, ENTRE O OITOCENTOS E NOVECENTOS
Authors: Sani Roberto
Published: March 2017

Resumo Reunindo uma diversidade de fontes arquivísticas e imprensa aprofunda-se o papel exercido pela Santa Sé com relação à assistência e cúrias pastoriais da emigração italiana no exterior, no período que vai da segunda metade do século 19 até o fim do Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II e a época pós-conciliar. O texto documenta como, até os anos 1880, as intervenções promovidas pela Igreja italiana para a tutela dos emigrantes foram limitadas e revestidas, no conjunto, por um caráter episódico e marginal. A situação mudou sensivelmente no curso dos pontificados de Leão XIII e Pio X. Este último, em particular, se empenhou tanto na intensificação de iniciativas de obras de assistência e na centralização das políticas para apoio às curias pastorais dos migrantes, quanto no recrutamento e formação cultural e espiritual do clero destinado a animar a vida religiosa das comunidades de emigrantes italianos no exterior. O empenho a favor dos refugiados e dos prisioneiros de guerra exercido pela Santa Sé, nos anos da Segunda Guerra Mundial, contribuiu para amadurecer, no interior da Igreja, uma sensibilidade maior e mudar, progressivamente, a atenção do problema da emigração italiana para aquele, mais complexo e de alcance universal, de todos que, não apenas por motivos econômicos, mas também por causas ligadas aos conflitos armados, às catástrofes naturais e perseguições, foram, e são ainda hoje, forçadas a abandonar os lugares de origem e a viverem distantes do próprio país: perseguidos, prisioneiros de guerra, refugiados, entre outros.
ORÍGENES Y PRINCIPALES EXPONENTES DEL LAICISMO, EN SU VERTIENTE EDUCATIVA, EN CHILE
Authors: Caiceo Escudero Jaime
Published: March 2017

Resumen El objeto de este artículo es describir el surgimiento del laicismo en Chile en la segunda mitad del siglo 19. Luego se destacan las figuras más señeras en esa línea en la primera mitad del siglo 20, especialmente por haber aportado la pedagogía de Dewey al desarrollo educacional del país, superando las influencias francesas y alemanas que durante el siglo 19 habían iluminado el quehacer laico y educativo; lo anterior se, complementa con el pensamiento laico presente en los Premios Nacionales de Educación de ese sector y relacionarlos con la pedagogía de Dewey; ellos son importantes exponentes de la educación pública de la segunda mitad del siglo pasado en el país. En todo este proceso no estuvo exenta la existencia de debates con representantes de sectores afines a la Iglesia Católica.
AS IDEIAS COMO FORÇAS SOCIAIS: SOBRE UMA AGENDA DE PESQUISA
Authors: Brasil Jr Antonio
Published: March 2017

Resumo Neste trabalho, analisamos os textos de Elide Rugai Bastos dedicados à chamada escola sociológica paulista, isto é, à produção sociológica que se organizou e se desdobrou a partir de Florestan Fernandes. Buscamos destacar as contribuições da autora para as pesquisas acerca do pensamento social no Brasil. Para tanto, mostraremos como a autora: (i) entende o processo de sistematização das ciências sociais no Brasil, bem como o papel ocupado por Freyre e por Fernandes neste processo; (ii) reconstrói as categorias analíticas presentes na produção sociológica de Fernandes e de seu grupo; e (iii) conecta esta tradição intelectual ao problema do lugar e dos efeitos das ideias na conformação da sociedade.
A AGÊNCIA DOS MORTOS SANTIFICADOS NOS CEMITÉRIOS URBANOS DA COLÔMBIA: O RITUAL, O NARRADO E O ESCRITO
Authors: Losonczy Anne-Marie
Published: March 2017

Resumo Na Colômbia, as condições históricas e políticas das muitas formas assumidas pela violência armada, a ritualização das ações fúnebres e as representações sociais dos conflitos subjacentes a essas ações geraram análises cada vez mais sensíveis aos contextos locais e regionais. Este texto baseia-se na etnografia das práticas populares devocionais dedicadas a certos mortos, as quais vêm ocorrendo intensa e continuamente nos últimos cinquenta anos. Esses rituais não são promovidos por nenhuma instituição ou por qualquer celebrante especializado. Realizados por indivíduos ou famílias, por meio deles certos tipos de mortos, anônimos ou famosos, transformam-se em personagens santificados dotados de agência contra o infortúnio. A análise argumenta que estas atividades ritualizam a experiência do terror e do luto ao mesmo tempo em que configuram uma contra-memória popular da violência através da ritualização informal.
POR QUE A "MODA BRASILEIRA" QUER SER GLOBAL? DESIGUALDADE DAS TROCAS SIMBÓLICAS MUNDIAIS E ETHOS DOS ATORES DA MODA NACIONAL
Authors: Michetti Miqueli
Published: March 2017

Resumo Embora o principal mercado da moda brasileira se localize em território nacional, nos últimos anos um conjunto de agentes privados e públicos tem estabelecido iniciativas para a consagração global da moda do país. Em grande medida, isso é levado a cabo a partir da ideia de brasilidade usada como valor simbólico no mercado mundial de moda, junto ao qual, no entanto, os atores da moda do país buscam legitimá-la como fenômeno global. Por meio de informações oriundas de extensa pesquisa de campo realizada na área de moda no Brasil e na Europa, o artigo busca compreender os empréstimos desiguais de legitimidade entre os atores da moda brasileira e as agências da moda historicamente consagrada. Analisa também as motivações e razões pelas quais a moda do país busca ser global, atentando tanto à dinâmica desigual das trocas econômico-simbólicas mundiais quanto ao ethos dos atores envolvidos na empreitada global da moda brasileira.
An alternative method for measuring velocities in open-channel flows: perfomance evaluation of a Pitot tube compared to an acoustic meter
Authors: Almeida Arlan Scortegagna , Souza Vladimir Caramori Borges de
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Hydrometric measurements undertaken in channels with high velocities are conditioned to the particularities of the flow, which is often characterized by instantaneous fluctuations and disturbances on the free surface. In such cases, the uncertainties associated with velocity fluctuations exceed the precision offered by the instruments that are employed in conventional techniques. A reasonable accuracy of the results is therefore sufficient to accomplish the objective of the measurements. The use of devices based on Pitot’s principle in fast open-channel flows could be an effective alternative to conventional velocity meters. This study aimed to develop a Pitot tube in its simplest configuration and evaluate its performance in a laboratory channel at velocities ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 m/s. The uncertainties in the static and total head readings were propagated to the output velocities, showing that the device built has the potential for measurements over 1.2 m/s, but it is not recommended for low velocities (<0.6 m/s). The results were compared to those taken using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). The instantaneous velocity readings indicated uncertainties of the same order of magnitude in both instruments. The differences between the mean velocities measured by the Pitot tube and the ADV were restricted to an agreement range of 15%, which is expected to be gradually reduced with further increase in flow velocity. The results showed the similar performances of both devices regarding the higher velocity estimates. Therefore, velocity meters should be developed to employ Pitot devices as an alternative method in high-velocity open-channel flows.
Effect of nanosilica on the mechanical properties of oil well cement at low temperature
Authors: Li Ming , Deng Shuang , Meng Fei , Hao Jianzhang , Guo Xiaoyang
Published: March 2017

Low temperatures affect the development of cement slurry strength in cementing operations, thereby increasing the risks of shallow water/gas channelling and operation costs. Accelerators such as calcium chloride are often used to rapidly improve the mechanical properties of cement. However, accelerators often have negative effects, including decreased cement stone volume, increased permeability and decreased protection against sulfate corrosion. The effects of nanosilica (NS) on the properties of cement slurries were studied at low temperatures. It was found that the early strength of cement slurries was significantly enhanced with the addition of NS. Furthermore, sedimentary stability and the ability to control fluid loss were improved at low temperatures. Mechanistic analysis showed that the early strength improvement was primarily due to the pozzolanic effect of the NS and the bridging and pull-out effects of the AFt (Al2O3-Fe2O3-tri) phase. The use of NS as an accelerator for low-temperature cementing may have broad applications.
Verbal Representation of Ethnic Stereotypes about the Dutch in English (an Insight into Cross-Cultural Perception via the Language)
Authors: Golubovskaya Elena
Published: March 2017

The paper presents a brief summary of the multi-level interdisciplinary research on Englishmen’s ethnic stereotypes about the Dutch and the ways they manifest themselves in the English language. Unconventionally, the national stereotype is investigated as a subject of Cognitive Linguistics. As a result, the term “conceptual model” is proposed as an equivalent to “conceptual metaphor”, and two conceptual models verbally represented by the ethnonym “Dutch” and phraseological units with this component are described. A literature review examines if the identified conceptual models are supported in literary discourse, then the usage of the key lexis is analyzed meticulously for the same purpose. The last part of the paper suggests the results of the experiment held to verify if the stereotypical perceptions of the Dutch are maintained by people in contemporary Great Britain. The results indicate that language plays a significant role in stereotype formation and maintenance.
Slovak Language of Roma Children: Mother Tongue or Second Language
Authors: Kyuchukov Hristo
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a study conducted with 40 Roma children from Slovakia, aged between 4-8 years, who are speakers of an ethnolect learned from their parents, but which in Slovak society is not considered to be a “good Slovak language”. Diagnostic tests in the official Slovak language were administered to the children in order to determine how well they know the complex grammatical categories of official Slovak: wh-questions, wh-complements and passive verbs. One hypothesis raised by the study is that the Roma children follow the normal linguistic development path of other children and, by the age of 5, already know the deep structure of complex sentences in Slovak. The results show that although the Roma children grow up with a particular variety of the Slovak language that is an ethnolect, they are able to comprehend and produce deep linguistic structures of Slovak, which serves for them as a mother tongue.
Co-cultivation protocol for transforming wheat stripe rust v1
Authors: Hu Yiheng
Published: March 2017

Protocol modified for Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici (Pst), based on: Michielse, C. B., Hooykaas, P. J., van den Hondel, C. A., & Ram, A. F. (2008). Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori. Nature protocols, 3(10), 1671-1678. I am grateful for critical suggestions from Prof. John Rathjen and Dr. Benjamin Schwessinger.
Assessing Students in an Authentic and Ongoing Manner in the English Classroom
Authors: Ortega Diego P. , Minchala Olga E.
Published: March 2017

These days, assessment has a central role in the teaching-learning process of different subjects. Teachers are expected to shift away from traditional, dominant testing procedures and employ authentic, genuine assessment practices in today’s education. When authentic assessments are incorporated into the classroom, teachers are more likely to obtain a more complete picture of what their (language) students know and can do over the course of instruction. Thus it is imperative to get a solid understanding of Performance-Based Assessment (PBA) and Formative Assessment, as the application of these kinds of assessments can have a positive impact upon (language) learning and enhance teaching as well. Therefore, in order to better apply the aforementioned assessments in the language learning classroom, this article examines authentic assessment vs. standardized assessment, PBA, authentic strategies of PBA, the historical background and conceptualization of formative assessment, the fundamentals and attributes of formative assessment and its applications, as well as it discusses formative assessment within ESL/EFL educational contexts.
Effect of Planning on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Mastery of Writing Skill
Authors: Mahmoudi Asgar
Published: March 2017

Accomplishing mastery in writing is difficult for EFL learners and needs employing special teaching strategies. Planning is one of the strategies that has been of interest to EFL researchers since a long time ago because it is believed that it affects learners' quality of writing. Planning can be looked at from three perspectives: its timing (before or during writing), its scope (micro or macro), and the number of people involved in it (individual or collaborative). This study focused on the third perspective and sought to explore if both individual and collaborative planning can improve EFL learners’ writing quality. The study also investigated if these two types of planning impact on the components of writing (content, organization, vocabulary, language use) differentially. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, two homogenized groups of 26 students all having the same L1 received an eight-session treatment. The Paired-samples T-tests run on the pretest and posttest scores of the participants indicated significant improvement in their writing performance. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance, comparing the four components of the writings, revealed that all four components were affected significantly with the content being affected more positively. Findings of the study highlight the importance of planning before writing tasks.
Apropriação da Escrita Argumentativa por Estudantes Universitários
Authors: Amorim Lira Dowglas , Leitão Selma
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho analisa a escrita argumentativa em ensaios acadêmicos de estudantes universitários que participaram de uma disciplina curricular voltada ao desenvolvimento do pensamento reflexivo por meio da prática da argumentação em sala de aula. Entendemos argumentação como uma atividade discursiva e social que, dado à natureza dialógica/dialética dos movimentos discursivos que a constituem (sustentação de pontos de vista, avaliação e resposta a perspectivas contrárias), desenvolve o pensamento reflexivo. Os textos foram analisados, nos planos micro e macroanalíticos, sobre quatro eixos distintos. Primeiro foi verificada as características do gênero ensaio, segundo Paviani (2009); em segundo lugar, observam-se os elementos que compõem a tríade argumentativa (argumento, contra-argumento e resposta), conforme Leitão (2007, 2011); em terceiro, os tipos de argumentos dispostos em Walton (2010); em quarto, a cogência dos argumentos, segundo Govier (2010). Os resultados indicaram uma melhoria na organização da composição dos ensaios e uma melhor apropriação dos elementos da tríade argumentativa.
Early Rehabilitation of Incisors with Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type II – Case Report
Authors: Beltrame Ana Paula CA , Rosa Maíra Mery , Noschang Ricardo AT , Almeida Izabel CS
Published: March 2017

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an phenotypic alteration in the formation of the organic matrix. It causes the rapid and progressive wear of tooth structure, which may compromise tooth function and aesthetics. This is a case of a 1y, 8m-old child with dentinogenesis imperfecta. All teeth presented with an opalescent appearance and grayish color hue. Compromised structural integrity was noted as excessive wear and fracturing of the enamel from the dentin layer. With low doses of midazolam (oral) and chloral hydrate (rectal) administration, in a hospital environment, sedation was used to aid full mouth rehabilitation. Direct bonded restorations were performed on primary maxillary incisors and indirect restorations, pre-made on a plaster model using composite resin, were performed on primary mandibular incisors. After 32 months, we observed that diagnosis and early treatment allowed preventive maintenance of the patient's primary dentition, maintaining tooth function and esthetics.
Detection of Hydroxyl and Perhydroxyl Radical Generation from Bleaching Agents with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Sharma Divya S
Published: March 2017

Objective: Children/adolescent's orodental structures are different in anatomy and physiology from that of adults, therefore require special attention for bleaching with oxidative materials. Hydroxyl radical (OH.) generation from bleaching agents has been considered directly related to both its clinical efficacy and hazardous effect on orodental structures. Nonetheless bleaching agents, indirectly releasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are considered safer yet clinically efficient. Apart from OH., perhydroxyl radicals (HO2.) too, were detected in bleaching chemistry but not yet in dentistry. Therefore, the study aims to detect the OH. and HO2. from bleaching agents with their relative integral value (RIV) using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31PNMR) spectroscope. Study design: Radicals were generated with UV light in 30% H2O2, 35% carbamide peroxide (CP), sodium perborate tetrahydrate (SPT) and; neutral and alkaline 30% H2O2. Radicals were spin-trapped with DIPPMPO in NMR tubes for each test agents as a function of time (0, 1, 2, 3min) at their original pH. Peaks were detected for OH. and HO2. on NMR spectrograph. RIV were read and compared for individual radicals detected. Results: Only OH. were detected from acidic and neutral bleaching agent (30% acidic and neutral H2O2, 35%CP); both HO2. and OH. from 30% alkaline H2O2; while only HO2. from more alkaline SPT. RIV for OH. was maximum at 1min irradiation of acidic 30%H2O2 and 35%CP and minimum at 1min irradiation of neutral 30%H2O2. RIV for HO2.was maximum at 0min irradiation of alkaline 30%H2O2 and minimum at 2min irradiation of SPT. Conclusion: The bleaching agents having pH- neutral and acidic were always associated with OH.; weak alkaline with both OH. and HO2.; and strong alkaline with HO2. only. It is recommended to check the pH of the bleaching agents and if found acidic, should be made alkaline to minimize oxidative damage to enamel itself and then to pulp/periodontal tissues.

Abbreviations:

H2O2: hydrogen peroxide

CP: carbamide peroxide

SP: sodium perborate

SPT: sodium perborate tetrahydrate

ROS: reactive oxygen species

31PNMR: 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscope

RIV: relative integral value

OH2.: hydroxyl radical

HO2 .: perhydroxyl radical

O2 .: super oxide radical

DIPPMPO: 5-(Diisopropoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide

DEPMPO: 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-n-oxide

DMPO: 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide

D2O: heavy water

EDTA: ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
Detection of Respiratory Adverse Events in Pediatric Dental Patients Sedated With 0.75mg/Kg of Midazolam and Oxygen by Continuous Pretracheal Auscultation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Somri Mostafa , Matter Ibrahim , Hadjittofi Christopher , Hoash Naser , Moaddi Bian , Kharouba Johnny , Parisinos Constantinos A , Peretz Benjamin
Published: March 2017

Purpose: Sedation is becoming more commonplace for pediatric patients undergoing minor procedures. Fortunately, electronic monitors have contributed to a reduction in the associated respiratory adverse events (RAEs). To test the hypothesis that adding the pretracheal stethoscope (PTS) to standard monitoring methods (SMMs) may improve RAE detection in sedated pediatric dental patients, the frequency of RAEs detected by SMMs (i.e. visual observation, capnography, and pulse oximetry) was compared to that detected by SMMs alongside continuous PTS auscultation. Study design: A prospective, randomised, controlled trial was performed with 100 pediatric patient participants of ASA≤2, who were scheduled to receive dental treatment under 0.75 mg/kg and oxygen. Patients were randomised into Groups A (n=50; SMMs) and B (n=50; SMMs+PTS). Inclusion criteria were behavioral management problems and intolerance to dental treatment despite behavioral management techniques or nitrous oxide administration. Exclusion criteria were high-risk conditions for RAEs, altered mental status, gastrointestinal disorders, parental refusal of conscious sedation and failure of previous conscious sedation. An anesthesist was present throughout the dental treatments. Results: RAEs were detected in 10 (20%) and 22(44%) Group A and B patients respectively (p=0.01). The majority of RAEs within Group B were detected by PTS auscultation (n=19). Capnography produced 13 and 15 false-positive results in Groups A and B respectively, whereas the PTS produced 4(8%) false-positive results in Group B (p=0.009).Conclusions: PTS was found to be useful for detecting RAEs during pediatric dental sedation with 0.75mg/kg midazolam and oxygen, in the presence of an anesthesist.
Информационные технологии в развитии музейного маркетинга
Authors: Клячина Анжелла Равиловна
Published: March 2017

Рассматриваются  социокультурные  функции музеев, формы и методы работы с посетителями. Анализируются некоторые вопросы организации музейного маркетинга. 
Проблемы современного ценностного отношения к материнству в России
Authors: Субочева Алина Романовна , Каргина Наталья Вячеславовна
Published: March 2017

В статье рассматривается проблема демографического кризиса в России, как следствие утраты ценности материнства современной молодежью.
Статья подготовлена на основе доклада автора на XIII Международной научной конференции «Высшее образование для XXI века» (8–10 декабря 2016 г. в Московском гуманитарном университете).
Совладающее поведение матерей, воспитывающих детей с диагнозом фенилкетонурия
Authors: Буренина Светлана Михайловна
Published: March 2017

В статье рассматривается проблема изучения адаптивного потенциала матерей, имеющих детей, страдающих фенилкетонурией. Представлены данные сравнительного анализа копинг-стратегий и механизмов психологической защиты с контрольной группой женщин, воспитывающих здоровых детей.
A influência da rede de negócios na produção de bens simbólicos em empresas de softwares no cluster porto digital
Authors: Silva Anderson Diego Farias da , Paiva Júnior Fernando Gomes de
Published: March 2017

O estudo visa a compreender a influência que a rede de negócios exerceu sobre a produção de bens simbólicos no contexto de empresas de softwares no cluster Porto Digital. Nesse sentido, foi desenvolvida uma análise da rede de empresas articuladas no polo de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) da Cidade do Recife (PE), intitulado Porto Digital, um dos principais Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL) voltados para a produção de softwares no Brasil. As trilhas de investigação constituíram o suporte para um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, em que a construção do corpus da pesquisa teve como base a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o acesso a dados secundários referentes ao Arranjo. Os resultados corroboraram o entendimento de que, no processo de articulação empreendedora existente no Porto Digital, a influência que as redes de negócio exercem com respeito a suas empresas viabiliza o aumento de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, a potencialização de expertise e a promoção de ações inovadoras, contendo elementos estruturadores que efetivam a geração de bens repletos de valor simbólico. O fator associativo existente nessa rede se deve ao ambiente de incertezas e mudanças no que concerne à relação tempo-espaço, que pode articular a composição de novas redes organizacionais num eventual ciclo virtuoso de inovação tecnológica.
O Custo Socioambiental da Destruição de Castanheiras (Bertholletia excelsa) no Estado do Pará
Authors: Santana Antônio Cordeiro de , Santana Ádina Lima de , Salomão Rafael De Paiva , Santana Ádamo Lima de , Costa Nilson Luiz , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos
Published: March 2017

A destruição dos recursos naturais na Amazônia, causada pela abertura de estradas e da implantação de grandes projetos agropecuários, madeireiros, de extração mineral e produção de energia, não promoveram o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ambiental nos locais onde foram implantados. As reservas de castanheiras no estado do Pará foram vítimas dessa política de desenvolvimento, em que a produção média entre os períodos 1970/73 e 2007/10 caiu de 27.663,5 ton. para 7.246,25 ton. e a sociedade não foi efetivamente compensada por essas externalidades. Nesse trabalho, estimou-se o sistema de equações de oferta e demanda de castanha-do-brasil por meio do método dos momentos generalizados, com vistas a analisar o mercado e determinar o custo socioambiental de sua destruição. Os resultados mostraram que a oferta de castanha tornou-se perfeitamente inelástica e a demanda mais elástica a preço e renda no período estudado. A abertura de estradas e o preço das terras de mata produziram impactos significativos, respectivamente, negativo e positivo na produção de castanha-do-brasil. Os benefícios socioambientais da produção e comercialização da castanha caíram de R$ 34,87 milhões para R$ 13,26 milhões, o que resultou no custo socioambiental de R$ 21,61 milhões por ano entre 1990 e 2010. Finalmente, o valor total da compensação pelos danos ambientais foi estimado em R$ 540,25 milhões.
TRANSIÇÃO DEMOGRÁFICA E GASTO PÚBLICO: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE DIFERENTES CONTEXTOS
Authors: Giacomelli Giana Silva , Chiapinoto Fabiane Volpato , Marion Filho Pascoal José , Vieira Kelmara Mendes
Published: March 2017

A transição demográfica é um processo pelo qual os países desenvolvidos já passaram, e os países em desenvolvimento estão passando. Trata-se de uma fase da dinâmica populacional, na qual uma sequência de ocorrências leva ao envelhecimento populacional e à estagnação do crescimento da população de um país. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar comparativamente dados do Brasil, que apresenta características da terceira fase da transição demográfica, e da França, Itália e Alemanha, países que já encontram-se na última fase da transição. Como característica de uma pesquisa descritiva, o benefício deste estudo está em oferecer informações que podem fundamentar pesquisas posteriores e tomadas de decisões em nível de gestão pública. Identificam-se importantes diferenças nos gastos públicos entre Brasil e os países europeus selecionados. Assim como, fica evidente que o Brasil encontra-se em momento de realizar investimentos direcionados a preparar a população para as oportunidades que a transição demográfica oferece.
Conflict between Critical Thinking and Cultural Values: Difficulty Asking Questions and Expressing Opinions in Japan
Authors: Okada Reiko
Published: March 2017

While the ability to think for oneself is essential in this rapidly changing world, it has not been encouraged in Japan’s traditional social and therefore its educational culture. Although the government of Japan has issued policies to engage students in independent thinking for almost two decades, high school and university students’ responses to surveys about asking questions and expressing opinions in class suggest that students do not think deeply in the classroom. However, careful analysis of the students' responses could indicate that (1) students in Japan have difficulties expressing questions and ideas verbally because these activities do not agree with the values with which they have been raised, (2) students are not fully taught the different values reflected in these activities at school, and (3) very few Japanese teachers are able to teach values of which they have little direct experience themselves, nor can they encourage students to practice those activities. Evidence suggests that classes in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) offer the best opportunity for students to overcome these barriers and gain experience in asking questions and expressing opinions.
The Influence of Electron Solid-State Plasma on Attenuation of Longitudinal Sound Waves in a Conductor
Authors: Yushkanov Alexander
Published: March 2017

In the present work the problem of the attenuation of longitudinal sound oscillations in a conducting medium are considered. The proposed approach is based on the dynamic interaction of electron gas with the lattice vibrations. This interaction is manifested in the modification of kinetic equation for electrons. The process is accompanied by generation of an electric field.
A Study on Antitumor Effect of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives in Prostate and Breast Cancer Cell Lines (In Vitro)
Authors: Hassan Firas , Hairunisa Nany , Mohammed Salam A. , Yousif Emad
Published: March 2017

5-(4-aminophenyl )-2-amino -1,3,4-thiadiazole was prepared by reaction of Thiosemicarbazide with 4-amino benzoic acid under reflux condition for 7 hours. The compound which has been synthesized successfully was subjected to addition reaction with 4-(Dimethylamino) benzaldehyde under reflux condition for 6 hours to synthesize Schiff bases. These compounds was characterized by using FTIR) and evaluated for their anticancer activity. The effect of (1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivative) on the activity of malignant cells was studied by using different types of cell lines [Breast cancer, and human prostate cancer]. And was used the Electron microscope to show that the effect of the derivative on the cancer cells before and after 3 days of the injection time. It was found that the Schiff base of thiadiazole-1,3,4-(Dimethylamino)benzylidineamino]- [4-2-phenyl]amino was effective in reducing the size and density of malignant cells. That of 46.7 while in breast ) 145(DUprostate for growth inhibition produce of equal 85.9 µg/ml.
Enhancing the Responsivity of Uncooled Infrared Detectors Using Plasmonics for High-Performance Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Ahmed Amr Shebl , Kim Hye Jin , Kim Jinsik , Hwang Kyo Seon , Kim Seonghwan
Published: March 2017

A lead zirconate titanate [PZT;Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3] layer embedded infrared (IR) detector decorated with wavelength-selective plasmonic crystals has been investigated for high-performance non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopy. A plasmonic IR detector with an enhanced IR absorption band has been designed based on numerical simulations, fabricated by conventional microfabrication techniques, and characterized with a broadly tunable quantum cascade laser. The enhanced responsivity of the plasmonic IR detector at specific wavelength band has improved the performance of NDIR spectroscopy and pushed the limit of detection (LOD) by an order of magnitude. In this paper, a 13 fold enhancement in the LOD of a methane gas sensing using NDIR spectroscopy is demonstrated with the plasmonic IR detector.
Fault detection using neural network
Authors: Namigo Elistia Liza
Published: March 2017

Fault detection technique using neural networks have been successfully applied to a seismic data volume. This technique  is basically creating  a volume that highlights faults by combining the information from several fault indicators attributes (i.e. similarity, curvature and energy) into fault occurrence probability. This is performed by training a neural network on  two sets of attributes extracted at sample  locations picked manually -  one set  represents the fault class and the other represents the non-fault class. The next step is to apply the trained artificial neural network on the seismic data. Result indicates that faults are more highlighted and have better continuity since the surrounding noise  are mostly suppressed.
Menanamkan Toleransi Multi Agama sebagai Payung Anti Radikalisme: Studi Kasus Komunitas Lintas Agama dan Kepercayaan di Pantura Tali Akrab
Authors: Mutiara Kholidia Efining
Published: March 2017

This article specifically aims at describing Indonesia as one of the multi-religious country having a lot of various confidence and trust, but from the religious differences is able to bring about actions of radicalism. Therefore, tolerance maintenances need to emphasize to every individual, as we have already applied to the interfaith community of PANTURA. This study used a case study approach in inter-religious and belief communities of PANTURA, known as TALI AKRAB, which is one of the various religious friendship communities in the northern coasts (PANTURA) of Indonesia. The main findings in this paper include the way of instilling a multi-religious tolerance as a tool of avoiding radicalism in society, by discussing the problems of each religion and ignoring differences in the faith.
Study a concentration of Uranium for samples of soil from Falluja City using PM-355
Authors: Obaid Ahmed Salman
Published: March 2017

In this study a concentration of uranium was measured for twenty two samples of soil distributed in many regions (algolan, almoalmeen, alaskary and nasal streets) from Falluja Cityin AL-Anbar Governorate in addition to other region (alandlos street) as a back ground on the Falluja City that there is no military operations happened on it. The uranium concentrations in soil samples measured by using fission tracks registration in (PM-355) track detector that caused by the bombardment of (U) with thermal neutrons from (241Am-Be) neutron source that has flux of (5×103n cm-2 s-1).
The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples. The results shows that the uranium concentrations algolan street varies from(1.976- 2.736ppm), almoalmeen street varies from (1.895-2.614ppm), and alaskary street varies from (1.657-2.476ppm), and nasal street (1.657-2.476ppm) the average uranium concentration in other region (alandolos) (0.736-1.588ppm). As a conclusion from the study uranium concentration in the four region above that have military operations is relatively higher than back ground
Detecting the antibacterial activity of green synthesized silver (Ag) nanoparticles functionalized with ampicillin (Amp)
Authors: Al-Ogaidi Israa Ali Zaidan
Published: March 2017

In the current study, synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) before and after functionalization with ampicillin antibiotic and their application as anti-pathogenic agents towards bacteria were investigated. AgNPs were synthesized by a green method from AgNO3 solution with glucose subjected to microwave radiation. Characterization of the nanoparticles was conducted using UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential determination and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. From SEM analysis, the typical silver nanoparticle particle size was found to be 30 nm and Zeta potential measurements gave information about particle stability. Analysis of FTIR patterns and UV-VIS spectroscopy confirmed the production of nanosilver particles. The activity of produced silver NP was tested against three pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii) in both liquid and solid growth medium. AgNPs presented potential antibacterial activity, against tested bacteria. Ag and Ag-AMP nanoparticles were detected to have penitent antimicrobial. The optical density (OD) of the culture solution and measuring zones of inhibition were used to monitor the growth of bacteria in liquid and solid growth medium respectively
Synthesis and Spectral Analysis of Some Metal Ions Complexes with Mixed Ligands of Schiff Base and 1, 10-Phenanthroline
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed A. , Hassan Zainab M.
Published: March 2017

The free Schiff base ligand (HL1) is prepared by being mixed with the co-ligand 1, 10-phenanthroline (L2). The product then is reacted with metal ions: (Cr+3, Fe+3, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2 and Cd+2) to get new metal ion complexes. The ligand is prepared and its metal ion complexes are characterized by physic-chemical spectroscopic techniques such as: FT-IR, UV-Vis, spectra, mass spectrometer, molar conductivity, magnetic moment, metal content, chloride content and microanalysis (C.H.N) techniques. The results show the formation of the free Schiff base ligand (HL1). The fragments of the prepared free Schiff base ligand are identified by the mass spectrometer technique. All the analysis of ligand and its metal complexes are in good agreement with the theoretical values indicating the purity of Schiff base ligand and the metal complexes. From the above data, the molecular structures for all the metal complexes are proposed to be octahedral
Spectrophotometric Determination of Bisacodyl in Pure and Pharmaceutical Preparation via Oxidative Coupling Organic Reaction
Authors: Mohammed Iqbal S. , Nasser Khansaa A. , Mhemeed Amal H.
Published: March 2017

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric way is used to determine Bisacodyl in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method depends on using 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine as chromogenic reagent . The method was based on the oxidative coupling reaction of Bisacodyl with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine with Sodium periodate in the presence of sodium hydroxide as alkaline media to form red water soluble dye product , that has a maximum absorption at ?max 522nm . Beer ,s law is obeyed in the concentration of (2.00–20.00) ?g.ml -1 .The molar absorptivity is (6505) L.mol-1.cm-1,a sandall sensitivity of(0.0555) ?g.cm-2), correlation coefficient of (0.9970) , Limitof detection (LOD) (0.0312 ?g.ml-1), limit of Quantitation (LOQ) (0. 3125 ?g.ml-1) and the relative standard deviation of RSD% (1.6). The method gave a successful determination for Bisacodyl in pharmaceutical preparations and the value of recovery % was better than (100.16%)
Synthesis and Modification of Some New Transition Metal Complexes of Poly (vinyl chloride)
Authors: Ibraheem Hanan A.
Published: March 2017

Theligand4-[5-(2-hydoxy-phenyl)- [1,3,4- thiadiazole-2- ylimino methyl]-1,5-dimethyl -2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one [HL1] is prepared and characterized. It is reacted with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in THF to form the PVC-L compounds ,PVC-L interacted with ions of transition metals to form PVC-L-MII complexes .All prepared compounds are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, u.v-visible spectroscopy, C.H.N.S. analysis and some of them by 1HNMR
Leveraging on Diverse Workforce - Accommodations and Accessibility for All
Authors: Seet Alfred
Published: March 2017

In early 2016, Shell embarked on a program to improve workplace accessibility for all employees, including but not limited to people with disabilities (PWD). This is part of an overall strategy for promoting diversity and inclusiveness in the workplace. The scope of the initial phase of the Accessibility project focuses on building an integrated end-to-end process in Shell for delivering reasonable adjustments to qualified employees.

A key element of the new end process is the setting up of an Accessibility Centre within Shell, manned by a trained team of advisers who will be the single interface point for employees and coordinate the process from end-to-end. Approvals for requests will be largely managed by the Centre, following a trust-based model and only escalated to subject matter experts if needed. A pilot for the new process in 2 major Shell locations was launched in October 2016 and will be complete in 6 months. Preliminary results collected from the pilot suggest that the new process is well received by employees and delivers adjustments quicker.
Sensing-Based Technology Advances for Enhanced Deployment of Oil Spill Response Resources
Authors: Coolbaugh T. S. , Chopra A. , Varghese G.
Published: March 2017

Objectives/Scope: The paper examines how oil spill Surveillance, Modelling and Visualization capabilities have evolved over the years and how synergies between these technologies aspire to answer some of the pressing questions on "Situational Awareness" for operational decision making during oil spill events.

Methods, Procedures, Process: Techniques exist that provide information about a slick's location, and potentially, information can be gathered about characteristics of a slick such as thickness. This is important in order to maximize the encounter rate of spill response tools, since the best equipment will do little if it is not located in or able to be deployed at the location of greatest concentration, whether it is to be collected, burned, or dispersed. Used together, these technologies ensure that resource intensive airborne and ground based spill response tools and personnel can be deployed effectively and timely manner to achieve optimum response performance.

Results, Observations, Conclusions: Major oil spills may involve multiple intervention and response strategies. Although much of the focus has been on mechanical containment and recovery, in-situ burn and dispersants, there have been significant developments with respect to sensing technologies that may allow for better discrimination of the details of a surface slick. This is important since effective response relies on the ability to locate the majority of a spill. It is usually the case that most of the slick volume resides in a small area and by identifying the areas of thicker oil, it is possible to deploy response tools in a more effective manner. Therefore, it is important to have good information about the size of a slick, type of spilled material, location and trajectory. Without this it would be difficult to know how much response equipment to plan for and where to position it. In addition, it is expected that the oil will be subject to natural weathering processes such as evaporation, dissolution, dispersion, and emulsification, all of which may diminish response tool effectiveness. Slicks will naturally spread and in locations in the open ocean, currents and winds will serve to spread the oil farther, making it less continuous and thinner.

Novel/Additive Information: Technological advancement in oil spill response operations continues to occur constantly, despite a common misconception that there has been little or no change since the first major offshore oil spill happened in the 1960s. Technological advancements will be discussed with a focus on operational readiness level and existing knowledge gaps for future improvements.
Environmentally Sustainable and Cost Effective Offshore Disposal of Drilling Wastes: A Review of Current Practice in Malaysia
Authors: Ling Lee Hooi , Lye Koh Hock , Shern Lee Seng
Published: March 2017

Oil and gas exploration in deep water is capital intensive. Economic viability and sustainability of offshore exploration in a financial environment strained by low prices of crude oil demands efficient cost rationalization in all aspects of operations, including well drilling activity. Well drilling generates drill cuttings which may be disposed either onshore or offshore. Onshore disposal is logistically complicated and is not cost-effective. More cost-effective offshore disposal of drill cuttings should therefore be encouraged if it is environmentally sustainable. This model simulation research is conducted to assess the appropriateness of offshore disposal of drilling wastes in order to protect the marine environment. A central concern in drill-cuttings offshore disposal is over the formation of cuttings pile formations on the seabed and the suspended solids created in the water column that might pose adverse impact to corals and other sensitive marine ecosystems. Model simulations indicate that offshore disposal of drill wastes will not pose significant adverse impact to the marine environment and ecosystems at the drilling rates currently practised in Malaysian oil and gas exploration drilling. It is hoped that this review would provide useful technical information and scientific insights regarding the safe disposal of drilling wastes into the coastal environment currently practiced in Malaysia oil and gas industry.