bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers] intercropping improves grain yield, fodder biomass, and nutritive value
Authors: Abroulaye Sanfo , Nouhoun Zampaligré , Jethro Delma B. , Abalo Kulo E. , Abdoulaye Ouédraogo , Esteban F. Rios , José Dubeux , Ken Boote J. , Adegbola Adesogan
Published: December 2023

Burkina Faso livestock feeding is characterized by a hot dry season fodder deficit, which affects animal performance and causes economic losses. To overcome this challenge, improving quality fodder production through the use of dual-purpose crops is a potential alternative. Hence, this study aimed at testing dual-purpose cultivars of sorghum and cowpea under monoculture and intercropping in the North Sudan zone in Burkina Faso. To do this, a “Mother and Baby trials” approach was adopted. The mother trial was designed as a randomized complete block with eight treatments (combinations of monoculture and intercropping systems for two cowpeas and two sorghum cultivars) and four replications during two cropping seasons (2019 and 2020) at the INERA research station in Saria. The on-farm “baby” trials involved 30 farmers during two cropping seasons (2019 and 2020) in four communes: Koudougou, Poa, Nandiala, and Kokologo. Data were collected on weed biomass and density, fodder biomass and grain yield, intercropping efficiency, and fodder nutritive value. The results of the mother trial showed that intercropping significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced weed density and weed biomass. Sorghum cultivar Ponta Negra had the highest fodder biomass yield (10.05 kg DM/ha) while sorghum Sariaso16 had the highest grain yield (4.42 kg/ha). Cowpea cultivar KVx745-11P had greater fodder biomass (4.72 kg DM/ha) than Tiligré (3.28 kg DM/ha) with similar grain yield (2.17 and 2.17 kg/ha). Intercropping was the most efficient land-use cropping system for fodder biomass and grain yield improvement both in mother and baby trials. For fodder nutritive value, cultivars Sariaso16 and Ponta Negra had similar crude protein concentrations (ranging from 4.1 to 5.4%), and cowpea cultivar KVx745-11P haulms had greater crude protein (ranging from 16.9 to 20.3%). The use of Ponta Negra and KVx745-11P and Sariaso16 and KVx745-11P under intercropping is likely to optimize grain and quality fodder production for crop-livestock farmers in the North Sudan zone.
Photoluminescent copper(I) iodide alkylpyridine thin films as sensors for volatile halogenated compounds
Authors: Jamshidi Mahboubeh , Bouheriche Joey , Gardner James M.
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the fabrication and characterization of [CuI(L)]n thin films, where L represents various alkylpyridine ligands including 4-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 4-tbutylpyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, and 3,5-dimethylpyridine. The thin films were synthesized by exposing the corresponding ligands to CuI thin films through vapor deposition. The coordination reactions occurring on the films were investigated using PXRD and time-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy, and a comparison was made between the structures of the thin films and the corresponding powder phases. The films showed primarly blue emission (λem = 457–515 nm) and polymeric structures with excited state lifetimes ranging from 0.6 to 5.5 μs. Significantly, the studied compounds exhibited fast reversible luminescence quenching when exposed to vapors of dichloromethane and dibromomethane (15 and 30 min respectively), and the luminescence was restored upon re-exposure to the alkylpyridine ligand (after 20 min). These findings indicate that these thin films hold promise for applications as sensors (with sensitive and reversible detection capability) for volatile halogen-based compounds (VHC).
Single-cell RNA-seq identified novel genes involved in primordial follicle formation
Authors: Tan Hang-Jing , Deng Zi-Heng , Shen Hui , Deng Hong-Wen , Xiao Hong-Mei
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The number of primordial follicles (PFs) in mammals determines the ovarian reserve, and impairment of primordial follicle formation (PFF) will cause premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).

Methods

By analyzing public single-cell RNA sequencing performed during PFF on mice and human ovaries, we identified novel functional genes and novel ligand-receptor interaction during PFF. Based on immunofluorescence and in vitro ovarian culture, we confirmed mechanisms of genes and ligand-receptor interaction in PFF. We also applied whole exome sequencing (WES) in 93 cases with POI and whole genome sequencing (WGS) in 465 controls. Variants in POI patients were further investigated by in silico analysis and functional verification.

Results

We revealed ANXA7 (annexin A7) and GTF2F1 (general transcription factor IIF subunit 1) in germ cells to be novel potentially genes in promoting PFF. Ligand Mdk (midkine) in germ cells and its receptor Sdc1 (syndecan 1) in granulosa cells are novel interaction crucial for PFF. Based on immunofluorescence, we confirmed significant up-regulation of ANXA7 in PFs compared with germline cysts, and uniform expression of GTF2F1, MDK and SDC1 during PFF, in 25 weeks human fetal ovary. In vitro investigation indicated that Anxa7 and Gtf2f1 are vital for mice PFF by regulating Jak/Stat3 and Jnk signaling pathways, respectively. Ligand-receptor (Mdk-Sdc1) are crucial for PFF by regulating Pi3k-akt signaling pathway. Two heterozygous variants in GTF2F1, and one heterozygous variants in SDC1 were identified in cases, but no variant were identified in controls. The protein level of GTF2F1 or SDC1 in POI cases are significantly lower than that of controls, indicating the pathogenic effects of the two genes on ovarian function were dosage dependent.

Discussion

Our study identified novel genes and novel ligand-receptor interaction during PFF, and further expanding the genetic architecture of POI.
Thyroid hormone levels and BMI-SDS changes in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Staníková Daniela , Krajčovičová Lea , Lobotková Denisa , Vitariušová Eva , Tichá Ľubica , Pribilincová Zuzana , Ukropcová Barbara , Ukropec Jozef , Staník Juraj
Published: December 2023

Background

Thyroid hormones play an important role in energy metabolism and weight control, explained mostly by inducing thermogenesis and increasing basal metabolic rate. It has recently been shown that FT4 levels are associated with food preferences, which might also play a role in modulating body weight. The aim of this longitudinal follow-up study was to analyze the relationship of thyroid hormones levels (FT4, TSH) at baseline with weight/BMI-SDS changes in children and adolescents with obesity.

Methods

Three hundred seventy-seven children and adolescents have been enrolled to this study and followed up without a systematic intervention program for 5.59 ± 1.85months. Children and adolescents were divided into three subgroups: 1) 144 adolescents with obesity (15-19 years), 2) 213 children with obesity (10-14.9 years), and 3) 20 lean adolescents (15-19 years). Thyroid hormones were measured at the baseline, and anthropometry was performed at the baseline and during the follow-up. For further analyses, participants were divided according to the BMI-SDS change into two groups: 1. with BMI-SDS decrease, and 2. with BMI-SDS increase.

Results

Adolescents with obesity from the BMI-SDS decrease group had significantly lower baseline serum levels of TSH compared to the BMI-SDS increase group (2.4 ± 1.0 vs. 3.2 ± 2.0mIU/l; p=0.005). Similar difference was found for FT4 levels (14.7 ± 2.2 in the BMI-SDS decrease group vs. 15.5 ± 2.7pmol/l in the BMI-SDS increase group, p=0.048). Moreover, the BMI-SDS decrease was present in significantly higher percentage of adolescents with obesity with lower than median TSH level compared to those with higher than median TSH level at baseline (61.1% vs 38.6%, p=0.011). Likewise, the BMI-SDS decrease was present in significantly higher percentage of adolescent females with obesity and lower than median FT4 compared to those with higher than median FT4 level at baseline (70.6% vs. 23.5%, p<0.001). No associations of baseline thyroid hormones with the BMI-SDS change were observed in children with obesity or lean adolescents.

Conclusion

Adolescents with obesity and increased BMI-SDS during the follow-up had significantly higher baseline levels of both TSH and FT4 compared to BMI-SDS decrease group. These results support the previous findings that higher FT4 in individuals with obesity may influence weight gain.
Updating test-day milk yield factors for use in genetic evaluations and dairy production systems: a comprehensive review
Authors: Wu Xiao-Lin , Wiggans George R. , Norman H. Duan , Caputo Malia J. , Miles Asha M. , Van Tassell Curtis P. , Baldwin Ransom L. , Sievert Steven , Mattison Jay , Burchard Javier , Dürr João
Published: December 2023

Various methods have been proposed to estimate daily yield from partial yields, primarily to deal with unequal milking intervals. This paper offers an exhaustive review of daily milk yields, the foundation of lactation records. Seminal advancements in the late 20th century concentrated on two main adjustment metrics: additive additive correction factors (ACF) and multiplicative correction factors (MCF). An ACF model provides additive adjustments to two times AM or PM milk yield, which then becomes the estimated daily yields, whereas an MCF is a ratio of daily yield to the yield from a single milking. Recent studies highlight the potential of alternative approaches, such as exponential regression and other nonlinear models. Biologically, milk secretion rates are not linear throughout the entire milking interval, influenced by the internal mammary gland pressure. Consequently, nonlinear models are appealing for estimating daily milk yields as well. MCFs and ACFs are typically determined for discrete milking interval classes. Nonetheless, large discrete intervals can introduce systematic biases. A universal solution for deriving continuous correction factors has been proposed, ensuring reduced bias and enhanced daily milk yield estimation accuracy. When leveraging test-day milk yields for genetic evaluations in dairy cattle, two predominant statistical models are employed: lactation and test-day yield models. A lactation model capitalizes on the high heritability of total lactation yields, aligning closely with dairy producers’ needs because the total amount of milk production in a lactation directly determines farm revenue. However, a lactation yield model without harnessing all test-day records may ignore vital data about the shapes of lactation curves needed for informed breeding decisions. In contrast, a test-day model emphasizes individual test-day data, accommodating various intervals and recording plans and allowing the estimation of environmental effects on specific test days. In the United States, the patenting of test-day models in 1993 used to restrict the use of test-day models to regional and unofficial evaluations by the patent holders. Estimated test-day milk yields have been used as if they were accurate depictions of actual milk yields, neglecting possible estimation errors. Its potential consequences on subsequent genetic evaluations have not been sufficiently addressed. Moving forward, there are still numerous questions and challenges in this domain.
Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid induced inflammation enhances while lipopolysaccharide diminishes alloimmunity to platelet transfusion in mice
Authors: Tran Johnson Q. , Muench Marcus O. , Gaillard Betty , Darst Orsolya , Tomayko Mary M. , Jackman Rachael P.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Alloimmune responses against platelet antigens, which dominantly target the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), can cause adverse reactions to subsequent platelet transfusions, platelet refractoriness, or rejection of future transplants. Platelet transfusion recipients include individuals experiencing severe bacterial or viral infections, and how their underlying health modulates platelet alloimmunity is not well understood.

Methods

This study investigated the effect of underlying inflammation on platelet alloimmunization by modelling viral-like inflammation with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) or gram-negative bacterial infection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hypothesizing that underlying inflammation enhances alloimmunization. Mice were pretreated with poly(I:C), LPS, or nothing, then transfused with non-leukoreduced or leukoreduced platelets. Alloantibodies and allogeneic MHC-specific B cell (allo-B cell) responses were evaluated two weeks later. Rare populations of allo-B cells were identified using MHC tetramers.

Results

Relative to platelet transfusion alone, prior exposure to poly(I:C) increased the alloantibody response to allogeneic platelet transfusion whereas prior exposure to LPS diminished responses. Prior exposure to poly(I:C) had equivalent, if not moderately diminished, allo-B cell responses relative to platelet transfusion alone and exhibited more robust allo-B cell memory development. Conversely, prior exposure to LPS resulted in diminished allo-B cell frequency, activation, antigen experience, and germinal center formation and altered memory B cell responses.

Discussion

In conclusion, not all inflammatory environments enhance bystander responses and prior inflammation mediated by LPS on gram-negative bacteria may in fact curtail platelet alloimmunization.
Did tsunamis lead to changes in ocean properties? a revisit
Authors: Bunson Samuel , Hu Chuanmin
Published: December 2023

Natural disasters such as earthquakes and/or tsunamis may cause disturbance to the ocean, which can possibly lead to changes in the ocean properties. Here, we review the literature for the reported pre- or post-event changes of such properties, which include chlorophyll-a concentration, temperature, and turbidity in the surface ocean. Most of the reported changes were based on remotely sensed ocean properties, and such changes were attributed to the ocean’s response to the events. Here, by using the same remote sensing data collected in non-event years as the ‘control’ experiments or by analyzing the same remote sensing data at different spatial scales, however, it is found that similar changes also occurred in non-event years or could not be observed at different spatial scales. Therefore, the before-after changes detected in remote sensing imagery do not appear to be sufficient to infer causality but are more likely a result of natural variability.
Comparison of the safety profile, conversion rate and hospitalization duration between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Hongsheng , Liao Biling , Cao Tiansheng , Ji Tengfei , Huang Jianbin , Luo Yumei , Ma Keqiang
Published: December 2023

Background

Although the past decade has witnessed unprecedented medical progress, no consensus has been reached on the optimal approach for patients with acute cholecystitis. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the differences in patient outcomes between Early Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (ELC) and Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (DLC) in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Our protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42023389238).

Objectives

We sought to investigate the differences in efficacy, safety, and potential benefits between ELC and DLC in acute cholecystitis patients by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

The online databases PubMed, Springer, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective studies published between Jan 1, 1999 and Jan 1, 2022.

Results

21 RCTs and 13 retrospective studies with a total of 7,601 cases were included in this research. After a fixed-effects model was applied, the pooled analysis showed that DLC was associated with a significantly high conversion rate (OR: 0.6247; 95%CI: 0.5115–0.7630; z = −4.61, p < 0.0001) and incidence of postoperative complications (OR: 0.7548; 95%CI: 0.6197–0.9192; z = −2.80, p = 0.0051). However, after applying a random-effects model, ELC was associated with significantly shorter total hospitalization duration than DLC (MD: −4.0657; 95%CI: −5.0747 to −3.0566; z = −7.90, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

ELC represents a safe and feasible approach for acute cholecystitis patients since it shortens hospitalization duration and decreases the incidence of postoperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=389238, identifier (CRD42023389238).
Smartphone-based evaluation of static balance and mobility in long-lasting COVID-19 patients
Authors: Corrêa Bruna Danielle Campelo , Santos Enzo Gabriel Rocha , Belgamo Anderson , Pinto Gustavo Henrique Lima , Xavier Stanley Soares , Silva Camilla Costa , Dias Ápio Ricardo Nazareth , Paranhos Alna Carolina Mendes , Cabral André dos Santos , Callegari Bianca , Costa e Silva Anselmo de Athayde , Quaresma Juarez Antônio Simões , Falcão Luiz Fábio Magno , Souza Givago Silva
Published: December 2023

Background

SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to a variety of persistent sequelae, collectively known as long COVID-19. Deficits in postural balance have been reported in patients several months after COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the static balance and balance of individuals with long COVID-19 using inertial sensors in smartphones.

Methods

A total of 73 participants were included in this study, of which 41 had long COVID-19 and 32 served as controls. All participants in the long COVID-19 group reported physical complaints for at least 7 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants were evaluated using a built-in inertial sensor of a smartphone attached to the low back, which recorded inertial signals during a static balance and mobility task (timed up and go test). The parameters of static balance and mobility obtained from both groups were compared.

Results

The groups were matched for age and BMI. Of the 41 participants in the long COVID-19 group, 22 reported balance impairment and 33 had impaired balance in the Sharpened Romberg test. Static balance assessment revealed that the long COVID-19 group had greater postural instability with both eyes open and closed than the control group. In the TUG test, the long COVID-19 group showed greater acceleration during the sit-to-stand transition compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The smartphone was feasible to identify losses in the balance motor control and mobility of patients with long-lasting symptomatic COVID-19 even after several months or years. Attention to the balance impairment experienced by these patients could help prevent falls and improve their quality of life, and the use of the smartphone can expand this monitoring for a broader population.
Reduced interocular suppression after inverse patching in anisometropic amblyopia
Authors: Hu Jingyi , Chen Jing , Ku Yixuan , Yu Minbin
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Recent investigations observed substantial enhancements in binocular balance, visual acuity, and stereovision among older children and adults with amblyopia by patching the amblyopic eye (i.e., inverse patching) for 2 h daily over 2 months. Despite these promising findings, the precise neural mechanisms underlying inverse patching remain elusive. This study endeavors to delve deeper into the neural alterations induced by inverse patching, focusing on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). We specifically investigate the changes in SSVEPs following monocular deprivation of either the fellow eye or the amblyopic eye in older amblyopic children and adults.

Method

Ten participants (17.60 ± 2.03 years old; mean ± SEM), clinically diagnosed with anisometropic amblyopia, were recruited for this study. Each participant underwent a 120 min patching session on their fellow eye on the first day, followed by a similar session on their amblyopic eye on the second day. Baseline steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) measurements were collected each day prior to patching, with post-patching SSVEPs measurements obtained immediately after the patching session. The experimental design incorporated a binocular rivalry paradigm, utilizing SSVEPs measurements.

Results

The results revealed that inverse patching induced a heightened influence on neural plasticity, manifesting in a reduction of interocular suppression from the fellow eye to the amblyopic eye. In contrast, patching the fellow eye demonstrated negligible effects on the visual cortex. Furthermore, alterations in interocular suppression subsequent to inverse patching exhibited a correlation with the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye.

Conclusion

Inverse patching emerges as a promising therapeutic avenue for adolescents and adults grappling with severe anisometropic amblyopia that proves refractory to conventional interventions. This innovative approach exhibits the potential to induce more robust neural plasticity within the visual cortex, thereby modulating neural interactions more effectively than traditional amblyopia treatments.
Dynamic functional connectivity analysis with temporal convolutional network for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder identification
Authors: Wang Mingliang , Zhu Lingyao , Li Xizhi , Pan Yong , Li Long
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), which can capture the abnormality of brain activity over time in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, has a natural advantage in revealing the abnormal mechanism of brain activity in patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Several deep learning methods have been proposed to learn dynamic changes from rs-fMRI for FC analysis, and achieved superior performance than those using static FC. However, most existing methods only consider dependencies of two adjacent timestamps, which is limited when the change is related to the course of many timestamps.

Methods

In this paper, we propose a novel Temporal Dependence neural Network (TDNet) for FC representation learning and temporal-dependence relationship tracking from rs-fMRI time series for automated ADHD identification. Specifically, we first partition rs-fMRI time series into a sequence of consecutive and non-overlapping segments. For each segment, we design an FC generation module to learn more discriminative representations to construct dynamic FCs. Then, we employ the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) to efficiently capture long-range temporal patterns with dilated convolutions, followed by three fully connected layers for disease prediction.

Results

As the results, we found that considering the dynamic characteristics of rs-fMRI time series data is beneficial to obtain better diagnostic performance. In addition, dynamic FC networks generated in a data-driven manner are more informative than those constructed by Pearson correlation coefficients.

Discussion

We validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach through extensive experiments on the public ADHD-200 database, and the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model over state-of-the-art methods in ADHD identification.
AI/ML advances in non-small cell lung cancer biomarker discovery
Authors: Çalışkan Minal , Tazaki Koichi
Published: December 2023

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among both men and women, representing approximately 25% of cancer fatalities each year. The treatment landscape for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly evolving due to the progress made in biomarker-driven targeted therapies. While advancements in targeted treatments have improved survival rates for NSCLC patients with actionable biomarkers, long-term survival remains low, with an overall 5-year relative survival rate below 20%. Artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) algorithms have shown promise in biomarker discovery, yet NSCLC-specific studies capturing the clinical challenges targeted and emerging patterns identified using AI/ML approaches are lacking. Here, we employed a text-mining approach and identified 215 studies that reported potential biomarkers of NSCLC using AI/ML algorithms. We catalogued these studies with respect to BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) biomarker sub-types and summarized emerging patterns and trends in AI/ML-driven NSCLC biomarker discovery. We anticipate that our comprehensive review will contribute to the current understanding of AI/ML advances in NSCLC biomarker research and provide an important catalogue that may facilitate clinical adoption of AI/ML-derived biomarkers.
The emergence of Fanconi anaemia type S: a phenotypic spectrum of biallelic BRCA1 mutations
Authors: Hughes Tirion , Rose Anna M.
Published: December 2023

BRCA1 is involved in the Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway, which coordinates repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. FA is a rare genetic disorder characterised by bone marrow failure, cancer predisposition and congenital abnormalities, caused by biallelic mutations affecting proteins in the FA pathway. Germline monoallelic pathogenic BRCA1 mutations are known to be associated with hereditary breast/ovarian cancer, however biallelic mutations of BRCA1 were long predicted to be incompatible with embryonic viability, hence BRCA1 was not considered to be a canonical FA gene. Despite this, several patients with biallelic pathogenic BRCA1 mutations and FA-like phenotypes have been identified – defining a new FA type (FA-S) and designating BRCA1 as an FA gene. This report presents a scoping review of the cases of biallelic BRCA1 mutations identified to date, discusses the functional effects of the mutations identified, and proposes a phenotypic spectrum of BRCA1 mutations based upon available clinical and genetic data. We report that this FA-S cohort phenotype includes short stature, microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms, hypo/hyperpigmented lesions, intellectual disability, chromosomal sensitivity to crosslinking agents and predisposition to breast/ovarian cancer and/or childhood cancers, with some patients exhibiting sensitivity to chemotherapy. Unlike most other types of FA, FA-S patients lack bone marrow failure.
Vascular co-option in resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy
Authors: Ribatti Domenico , Annese Tiziana , Tamma Roberto
Published: December 2023

Three different mechanisms of neovascularization have been described in tumor growth, including sprouting angiogenesis, intussusceptive microvascular growth and glomeruloid vascular proliferation. Tumors can also grow by means of alternative mechanisms including vascular co-option, vasculogenic mimicry, angiotropism, and recruitment of endothelial precursor cells. Vascular co-option occurs in tumors independently of sprouting angiogenesis and the non-angiogenic cancer cells are described as exploiting pre-existing vessels. Vascular co-option is more frequently observed in tumors of densely vascularized organs, including the brain, lung and liver, and vascular co-option represents one of the main mechanisms involved in metastasis, as occurs in liver and lung, and resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. The aim of this review article is to analyze the role of vascular co-option as mechanism through which tumors develop resistance to anti-angiogenic conventional therapeutic approaches and how blocking co-option can suppress tumor growth.
Pain associated with breast cancer: etiologies and therapies
Authors: Doan Lisa V. , Yoon Jenny , Chun Jeana , Perez Raven , Wang Jing
Published: December 2023

Pain associated with breast cancer is a prevalent problem that negatively affects quality of life. Breast cancer pain is not limited to the disease course itself but is also induced by current therapeutic strategies. This, combined with the increasing number of patients living with breast cancer, make pain management for breast cancer patients an increasingly important area of research. This narrative review presents a summary of pain associated with breast cancer, including pain related to the cancer disease process itself and pain associated with current therapeutic modalities including radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery. Current pain management techniques, their limitations, and novel analgesic strategies are also discussed.
Phase-specific differential regulation of mechanical allodynia in a murine model of neuropathic pain by progesterone
Authors: Choi Sheu-Ran , Roh Dae-Hyun , Moon Ji-Young , Beitz Alvin J. , Lee Jang-Hern
Published: December 2023

Progesterone has been shown to have neuroprotective capabilities against a wide range of nervous system injuries, however there are negative clinical studies that have failed to demonstrate positive effects of progesterone therapy. Specifically, we looked into whether progesterone receptors or its metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P450c17 and 5α-reductase, are involved in the effects of progesterone on neuropathic pain after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in mice. Intrathecal progesterone administration during the induction phase of chronic pain enhanced mechanical allodynia development and spinal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and this enhancement was inhibited by administration of ketoconazole, a P450c17 inhibitor, but not finasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor. Furthermore, phospho-serine levels of P450c17 in the spinal cord were elevated on day 1 after CCI operation, but not on day 17. In contrast, intrathecal progesterone administration during the maintenance phase of chronic pain decreased the acquired pain and elevated GFAP expression; this inhibition was restored by finasteride administration, but not by ketoconazole. The modification of mechanical allodynia brought on by progesterone in CCI mice was unaffected by the administration of mifepristone, a progesterone receptor antagonist. Collectively, these findings imply that progesterone suppresses spinal astrocyte activation via 5α-reductase activity during the maintenance phase of chronic pain and has an analgesic impact on the mechanical allodynia associated with the growing neuropathy. Progesterone, however, stimulates spinal astrocytes during the induction stage of peripheral neuropathy and boosts the allodynic impact caused by CCI through early spinal P450c17 activation.
Putting bicarbonate on the spot: pharmacological insights for CFTR correction in the airway epithelium
Authors: Zajac Miroslaw , Lepissier Agathe , Dréano Elise , Chevalier Benoit , Hatton Aurélie , Kelly-Aubert Mairead , Guidone Daniela , Planelles Gabrielle , Edelman Aleksander , Girodon Emmanuelle , Hinzpeter Alexandre , Crambert Gilles , Pranke Iwona , Galietta Luis. J. V. , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by defective Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) proteins. CFTR controls chloride (Cl−) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) transport into the Airway Surface Liquid (ASL). We investigated the impact of F508del-CFTR correction on HCO3− secretion by studying transepithelial HCO3− fluxes.

Methods: HCO3− secretion was measured by pH-stat technique in primary human respiratory epithelial cells from healthy subjects (WT) and people with CF (pwCF) carrying at least one F508del variant. Its changes after CFTR modulation by the triple combination VX445/661/770 and in the context of TNF-α+IL-17 induced inflammation were correlated to ASL pH and transcriptional levels of CFTR and other HCO3− transporters of airway epithelia such as SLC26A4 (Pendrin), SLC26A9 and NBCe1.

Results: CFTR-mediated HCO3− secretion was not detected in F508del primary human respiratory epithelial cells. It was rescued up to ∼ 80% of the WT level by VX-445/661/770. In contrast, TNF-α+IL-17 normalized transepithelial HCO3− transport and increased ASL pH. This was related to an increase in SLC26A4 and CFTR transcript levels. VX-445/661/770 induced an increase in pH only in the context of inflammation. Effects on HCO3− transport were not different between F508del homozygous and F508del compound heterozygous CF airway epithelia.

Conclusion: Our studies show that correction of F508del-CFTR HCO3− is not sufficient to buffer acidic ASL and inflammation is a key regulator of HCO3− secretion in CF airways. Prediction of the response to CFTR modulators by theratyping should take into account airway inflammation.
Proteomic exploration reveals a metabolic rerouting due to low oxygen during controlled germination of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: O'Lone Clare E. , Juhász Angéla , Nye-Wood Mitchell , Dunn Hugh , Moody David , Ral Jean-Philippe , Colgrave Michelle L.
Published: December 2023

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is used in malt production for brewing applications. Barley malting involves a process of controlled germination that modifies the grain by activating enzymes to solubilize starch and proteins for brewing. Initially, the grain is submerged in water to raise grain moisture, requiring large volumes of water. Achieving grain modification at reduced moisture levels can contribute to the sustainability of malting practices. This study combined proteomics, bioinformatics, and biochemical phenotypic analysis of two malting barley genotypes with observed differences in water uptake and modification efficiency. We sought to reveal the molecular mechanisms at play during controlled germination and explore the roles of protein groups at 24 h intervals across the first 72 h. Overall, 3,485 protein groups were identified with 793 significant differentially abundant (DAP) within and between genotypes, involved in various biological processes, including protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and hydrolysis. Functional integration into metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, pyruvate, starch and sucrose metabolism, revealed a metabolic rerouting due to low oxygen enforced by submergence during controlled germination. This SWATH-MS study provides a comprehensive proteome reference, delivering new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the impacts of low oxygen during controlled germination. It is concluded that continued efficient modification of malting barley subjected to submergence is largely due to the capacity to reroute energy to maintain vital processes, particularly protein synthesis.
Validation of the anxiety subscale of the Spanish version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS-A)
Authors: Gomà Marta , Gordo Leire , Cozodoy Eric , Iriarte Leire , Prims Emma , Ferrer Josep , Sánchez Carmen , Llairó Antònia , Arias-Pujol Eulàlia
Published: December 2023

Introduction

There is a need to implement routine perinatal mental health screening in Spain. Therefore, it is necessary to systematise the detection of depressive and anxious symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum using the same instrument. The Edinburgh Postnatal Stress Depression Scale (EPDS) is frequently used as a rapid, effective and cross-culturally validated screening tool for perinatal depression. In several countries, an Anxiety subscale, the EPDS-A, was identified within the EPDS. Although the factorial structure of the EPDS has been investigated in Spanish population, the EPDS-A has not yet been validated. This study aimed to validate the EPDS-A as a measure of perinatal anxiety in Spanish population.

Methods

161 women were evaluated with the EPDS and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) during pregnancy and postpartum. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the trifactorial structure of the EPDS, comprising the dimensions of Depression, Anhedonia and Anxiety. Likewise, the invariance of the trifactorial model between pregnancy and postpartum was tested. Finally, the correlations between the EPDS-A and the STAI subscales (State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety) were calculated.

Results

The Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) driven three-factor structure of the EPDS, consisting of an Anhedonia factor (Items 1, 2, and 10), an Anxiety factor (Items 3, 4, 5, and 6) and a Depression factor (Items 7, 8, and 9), was the best measurement model for the current data compared to the alternative model tested [χ2 = 34.592, df = 32, p = 0.34; χ2/df = 1.08; RMSEA = 0.023, 90% Confidence Interval [CI] [0.000, 0.064], CFI = 0.996, GFI = 0.960]. The model’s invariance between pregnant and postpartum women was confirmed. The existence of an Anxiety subscale within the EPDS was also confirmed. The scores obtained with the EPDS-A correlated moderately with scores on both subscales of the STAI during pregnancy and after delivery. Using the STAI as a criterion and prioritising the instrument’s sensitivity, a cut-off point of 4 points was established for the EPDS-A.

Conclusion

Our results confirm the trifactorial structure of the EPDS in Spanish population. The Anxiety subscale was validated for routine perinatal mental health screening.
Renal failure following insulin purging in atypical anorexia nervosa and type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rometsch Caroline , Guthoff Martina , Zipfel Stephan , Stengel Andreas
Published: December 2023

Objective

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) are severe and complex eating disorders that can be prevalent among individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Insulin purging, characterized by the intentional underuse / omission of insulin to control weight, is under-recognized in medicine and is a purging strategy of patients with AN or AAN and comorbid T1DM. Often, this can lead to renal failure, necessitating a (pancreas-) kidney transplantation. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the interplay between AN/AAN and T1DM and summarizes the evidence in literature.

Methods

A narrative review is presented on basis of a detailed case study of a 32-year-old female with end-stage renal failure seeking (pancreas-) kidney transplantation displaying etiology, diagnosis, comorbidities, complications, and treatment of AN and AAN with emphasis on those patients with T1DM.

Results

Insulin purging in patients with AN/AAN and coexisting T1DM can exacerbate T1DM complications, including accelerating the onset of end-stage renal failure. A multidisciplinary approach including nutrition treatment and psychotherapeutic techniques was considered necessary for treatment, focusing on psychosomatic in-patient care before and after organ transplantation.

Conclusion

Insulin purging in patients with AAN and T1DM poses severe health risks, including accelerated renal complications. For those considering transplantation, insulin purging has explicitly to be diagnosed and a holistic treatment addressing both the renal condition and psychosomatic symptoms/disorders is crucial for successful post-transplant outcomes.
Comparison of healing effectiveness of different debridement approaches for diabetic foot ulcers: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ning Peng , Liu Yupu , Kang Jun , Cao Hongyi , Zhang Jiaxing
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The choice of the debridement method is very important for the healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), but the relative effectiveness of different debridement methods in the healing of DFUs remains unclear. This study conducted a network meta-analysis of the relative healing effectiveness of different debridement methods in patients with DFUs.

Methods

We performed a literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from database inception up to 30 June 2023 for screening randomized controlled trials on the healing effectiveness of debridement in DFUs. Outcome measures included ulcer healing rate and ulcer area reduction rate. The Cochrane Risk Bias Tool, version 2.0, was used to assess the risk of bias in the included trials. R software was used for performing statistical analysis and GraphPad Prism was used for image plotting.

Results

A total of 19 randomized controlled trials were included, and 900 patients with DFUs were assessed in this analysis. The proteolytic fraction from the latex of Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis (P1G10) in enzymatic debridement showed the best ulcer healing rate (SURCA = 0.919) when compared with the standard of care (SOC) group, with a mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.40 (0.57, 2.36). Kiwifruit extract demonstrated the best effect on the ulcer area reduction rate (SURCA = 0.931), when compared with that in the SOC group, with an MD and 95% CI of 0.47 (0.27, 0.66).

Conclusion

Enzymatic debridement was superior to other debridement methods in terms of ulcer healing rate and ulcer area reduction rate in patients with DFUs. However, as the quality of the included trials is low, enzymatic debridement can be used as a candidate debridement method in addition to sharp-based debridement in clinical practice.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023441715.
Prevalence and trends in mono- and co-infection of COVID-19, influenza A/B, and respiratory syncytial virus, January 2018–June 2023
Authors: Lee Min Kyung , Alfego David , Dale Suzanne E.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the overall prevalence and co-infection rates for COVID-19, influenza A/B, and respiratory syncytial virus in a large national population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 1,318,118 multi-component nucleic acid amplification tests for COVID-19, influenza A/B, and RSV performed at Labcorp® sites from January 2018 to June 2023, comparing positivity rates and co-infection rates by age, sex, and seasonality.

Results

In 2021–2023, 1,232 (0.10%) tested positive for COVID-19 and influenza A/B, 366 (0.03%) tested positive for COVID-19 and RSV, 874 (0.07%) tested for influenza A/B and RSV, and 13 (0.001%) tested positive for COVID-19, influenza A/B, and RSV. RSV positivity rates were particularly higher in Q2 and Q3 of 2021 and in Q3 of 2022. Higher influenza A positivity proportions were found in Q4 of 2021 and again in Q2 and Q4 of 2022. Influenza B positivity had been minimal since the start of the pandemic, with a slight increase observed in Q2 of 2023.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the need for adaptability in preparation for upper respiratory infection occurrences throughout the year as we adjust to the COVID-19 pandemic due to the observed changes in the seasonality of influenza and RSV. Our results highlight low co-infection rates and suggest heightened concerns for co-infections during peaks of COVID-19, influenza, and RSV, which may perhaps be reduced.
Intelligent selection of healthcare supply chain mode – an applied research based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Long Ping , Lu Lin , Chen Qianlan , Chen Yifan , Li Chaoling , Luo Xiaochun
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Due to the inefficiency and high cost of the current healthcare supply chain mode, in order to adapt to the great changes in the global economy and public health, it is urgent to choose an effective mode for sustainable development of healthcare supply chain. The aim of this paper is to use artificial intelligence systems to make intelligent decisions for healthcare supply chain mode selection.

Methods

Firstly, according to the economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits of healthcare supply chain, this paper identifies different healthcare supply chain modes in combination with artificial intelligence technology. Secondly, this paper presents the intelligent choice optimization method of healthcare supply chain mode based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. Finally, the effect of artificial intelligence in healthcare supply chain mode selection is verified by simulation experiment.

Results and Discussion

The experimental results show that healthcare supply chain mode selected by artificial intelligence is basically consistent with the target mode, while healthcare supply chain mode selected by the basic selection method, BP neural network method and big data method is different from the target mode, which indicates that AI has more advantages in the selection of medical supply chain mode. Therefore, we recommend the application of artificial intelligence to healthcare supply chain management. This study not only makes up for the ineffective problems of existing methods, but also makes up for the gaps in the application of AI technology in the field of healthcare supply chain. The scientific value of this paper is that the proposed framework and the artificial intelligence algorithm enrich the relevant theories of healthcare supply chain research and provide methodological guidance for intelligent decision-making of healthcare supply chain. At the same time, for medical enterprises, this research provides a new practical guideline for the application of artificial intelligence in the sustainable development and modern management of healthcare supply chain.
Ideological predictors of anti-science attitudes: exploring the impact of group-based dominance and populism in North America and Western Europe
Authors: Remsö Amanda , Renström Emma A.
Published: December 2023

This research examined individual-level ideological variables as predictors of anti-science attitudes, encompassing a lack of acceptance, belief, and trust in science as an institution and source of knowledge. We specifically focused on ideologies associated with group-based dominance and populism while also considering conventional predictors like scientific literacy, symbolic ideology, and partisanship. Study 1 was an original survey (U.S. participants, N = 700), which replicated prior research showing that political conservative identity and attitudes favoring group-based dominance most strongly predicted anti-science attitudes. In contrast, populist attitudes had no substantial effect. In Study 2, analyzing data from the Dutch LISS Panel (N = 2,186), group-based dominance attitudes, specifically with regard to gender, as well as populist attitudes and conspiracy beliefs, emerged as the most prominent factors predicting anti-science attitudes. These studies speak to the role of group-based dominance attitudes in undermining the perceived validity of science, as observed in both North American and Western European samples. Whether these results reflect more consistent patterns or are specific to particular countries and cultural contexts is not clear, emphasizing the need for future research on how these ideologies shape and perpetuate anti-science attitudes.