bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perumusan Kebijakan Digitalisasi Desa di Desa Sidomulyo Kecamatan Silo Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Pramuda Wardani Beiby Citra Ayu , Rohman Hermanto , Makmur M. Hadi
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perumusan kebijakan digitalisasi desa di Desa Sidomulyo Kecamatan Silo Kabupaten Jember yang tertuang dalam Perdes Sidomulyo nomor 05 tahun 2022 tentang integrasi program kerja berbasis desa melalui desa digital. Fokus penelitian ini terkait dengan isu proses, muatan, dan bentuk perumusan kebijakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini perumusan digitalisasi di Desa Sidomulyo secara proses dilakukan secara instan, muatan tidak relevan, bentuk dari produk kebijakan tidak jelas, elit politik mendominasi perumusan kebijakan, pendekatan perumusan kebijakan adalah pendekatan kekuasaan, dan model elit dalam perumusan kebijakan digitalisasi desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif, sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder, dan teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik analisis data menggunakan kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dalam memperkuat landasan hukum yang membentuk sebuah produk hukum yaitu peraturan desa dalam pelaksanaa desa digital diharapkan proses perumusan kebijakan dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan Permendagri nomor 111 tahun 2014 tentang pedoman teknis peraturan di desa, menyesuaikan muatan dengan masalah yang akan dipecahkan dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai, selain itu juga diharapkan dapat lebih mengutamakan aspirasi masyarakat.

Kata kunci : peraturan desa, perumusan kebijakan, desa digital
Strategi Inggris Raya Terhadap Permasalahan Industri Agrikultur Pasca Brexit
Authors: Majid Azam Abdil , Putri Sindy Yulia , Astuti Wiwiek Rukmi Dwi
Published: December 2023

Brexit has restricted the flow of migrant workers in the industrial sector and agricultural system in the United Kingdom. This research examines the dynamics of the agricultural industry issues in the United Kingdom, as well as the strategies implemented by the UK government to minimize the issues faced in the agricultural sector. The methodology employed is qualitative, utilizing theories of international migration and concepts of international immigration policy. The UK Government has implemented strategies to minimize the agricultural issues after Brexit. These strategies include implementing seasonal worker visas, adopting a points-based immigration system, formulating the agricultural act 2020, promoting local workers, and embracing automation. These strategies have successfully minimized the issues in the agricultural industry in the United Kingdom.
O “vírus comunista”
Authors: Morais Argus Romero Abreu de , Piris Eduardo Lopes
Published: December 2023

Neste artigo analisamos o papel das fórmulas no discurso conspiratório sobre a pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil, explorando os traços da racionalidade conspiratória, as estratégias discursivas de manipulação e a circulação das fórmulas “vírus chinês”, “vírus comunista” e “comunavírus” na polêmica entre o governo brasileiro e seus adversários no combate à pandemia. O quadro teórico articula a concepção de fórmula discursiva postulada por Krieg-Planque (2010), a caracterização do discurso conspiratório proposta por Nicolas (2016) e as estratégias do discurso manipulatório apresentadas por Charaudeau (2022). A análise, de caráter qualitativo, focaliza 7 (sete) enunciados que circularam nas redes sociais e na imprensa brasileira entre março de 2020 e maio de 2021. Tais textos obtiveram bastante repercussão no período e ensejaram intensos debates públicos sobre as atitudes negacionistas do governo Bolsonaro e de seus seguidores em relação à gestão sanitária da pandemia.
O Programa Residência Pedagógica (2022/2023) sob a percepção de egressos(as) do curso de licenciatura em Educação Física de uma universidade sul-mineira
Authors: Carneiro Kleber Tuxen , Reis Fábio Pinto Gonçalves dos , Ribeiro Jean Carlos Batista
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: cotejar a percepção de concluintes do curso (licenciatura) em Educação Física em relação à participação no Programa Residência Pedagógica (edição 2022/2023) em uma universidade federal sul-mineira, de modo a verificar suas implicações para formação inicial e constituição da carreira professoral. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com enfoque narrativo. Contou com a participação de quatro residentes. Em termos analíticos para perscrutação dos dados, empregou-se a triangulação enquanto método. Resultados e discussão: Como resultado desse caminho heurístico formulou-se três categorias, quais sejam: a primeira (1ª) diz respeito aos dados pessoais e a trajetória formativa dos(as) pesquisados(as), com ênfase na formação inicial; enquanto a segunda (2ª) traduz as experiências formativas oriundas da participação em programas para formação de professores, especificamente o Programa Residência Pedagógica (subprojeto Educação Física); e por último, a terceira (3) averiguou os contributos do aludido programa quanto aos aspectos epistemológicos e didáticos à formação docente em Educação Física. Conclusão: Em linhas gerais, constatamos contribuições significativas em diferentes esferas da formação, com destaque à compleição de uma identidade professoral mais consolidada em decorrência da experiência, em que pese o açodamento temporal da participação salientado pela maioria dos(as) aspirantes à docência, considerando o fato do programa contemplar apenas a segunda metade dos cursos de licenciaturas.
Projeto paramétrico orientado ao desempenho de elementos de fachada
Authors: Biller Rodolfo Rodrigo do Nascimento , Harris Ana Lúcia Nogueira de Camargo , Moreira Daniel de Carvalho
Published: December 2023

Entre as soluções para a proteção da envoltória de uma edificação, o uso de elementos de fachada é uma estratégia de projeto que pode contribuir para um melhor desempenho da construção, tanto em termos de eficiência energética, quanto de conforto ambiental. No projeto de elementos de fachada, tecnologias computacionais têm sido crescentemente exploradas com o desenvolvimento e aplicação de novos métodos para promover soluções com melhor desempenho. O uso integrado de aplicativos de modelagem paramétrica, simulação de desempenho e otimização computacional, possibilita o estudo de soluções de projeto alternativos e auxiliam o projetista na tomada de decisões. Neste trabalho, realizou-se uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) para investigar como as tecnologias computacionais têm sido apropriadas no projeto de elementos de fachada otimizados. Foram levantados 37 elementos, categorizados em: elementos vazados, brises, fotovoltaicos, e outros elementos dinâmicos e estáticos. Também foram mapeados os aplicativos BPS (Building Performance Simulation), as simulações realizadas e os métodos de otimização. Os resultados indicaram que as simulações de desempenho e os métodos de otimização mais recorrentes são aqueles proporcionados por plugins que promovem a integração de dados entre os diferentes aplicativos computacionais.
Modelo de regressão para identificação de ilha de calor
Authors: Lopes Estéfane da Silva , Hora Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro
Published: December 2023

A mudança climática é um grande fenômeno contemporâneo com múltiplas consequências. Nas cidades, agrava o fenômeno das ilhas de calor urbano, tendo impacto na saúde dos habitantes e na sensação de desconforto térmico sentido nas zonas urbanas. Assim, cada vez mais é necessária a compreensão da temperatura do ar para inserir modelos quantitativos relacionados a uma ampla gama de fatores que influenciam a formação de ilhas de calor. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever como tem sido realizado os estudos de modelos de regressão linear múltipla para ilhas de calor urbanas, identificando assim as tendências dos estudos atuais por meio de um mapeamento sistemático de literatura. A partir da definição da string, iniciou-se a busca em quatro bases de dados, Web of Science, Scopus, Engineering Village e Science Direct. As buscas partiram de publicações entre 1996 a 2021. Uma vez que os artigos foram selecionados (643 artigos), aplicou-se os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultando no total de 34 artigos aderentes, sendo, a partir deste momento, lidos todos de forma integral. Observou-se um aumento nas publicações sobre esse tema nos últimos anos e demonstrou-se que a viabilidade calculada do modelo é relevante. Vários estudos buscam incorporar novas variáveis à análise, entretanto, são poucas variáveis que dão aos modelos precisão nos valores calculados, sendo estas Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), áreas verdes, aspectos relacionados à geometria urbana, proporção de água e áreas construídas. Com essas análises, recomendações serão fornecidas para estudos futuros e uma visão geral da literatura atual.
A arquitetura dos edifícios hospitalares e seu impacto na dinâmica de fluxos de usuários
Authors: Lacerda Livia Carolina Tavares , Marconsini Cynthia
Published: December 2023

Os hospitais são considerados uma das instituições mais complexas da sociedade contemporânea devido às inúmeras funções que comportam e às constantes transformações físicas, organizacionais e operacionais que experimentam. Nesse sentido, os edifícios hospitalares demandam projetos sistematicamente desenvolvidos, prezando pela funcionalidade, segurança, flexibilidade e qualidade de seus espaços. Destacam-se a correta setorização das unidades funcionais e o planejamento adequado do sistema de circulação que contribua para a eficiência no atendimento e para a satisfação de seus usuários. Na dinâmica hospitalar, o fluxo é um dos condicionantes de maior impacto e há uma relação de interdependência entre setorização, fluxo e organização funcional. Apesar dos esforços aplicados à análise dos fluxos em pesquisas sobre arquitetura hospitalar, poucas são aquelas que explicitam o mapeamento das inter-relações que influenciam sua dinâmica e, tampouco, associam métodos quantitativos de análise que corroboram os argumentos projetuais. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender as relações estabelecidas entre a forma arquitetônica, a organização funcional e a dinâmica dos fluxos no interior dos hospitais. Foram selecionados para análise três hospitais projetados por Jarbas Karman, distintos em sua tipologia e complexidade formal. O método inclui a análise da linguagem arquitetônica e análise sintática a partir das métricas da teoria da sintaxe espacial. Dentre os resultados, destacaram-se a estreita relação entre a dinâmica do movimento e a tipologia do edifício hospitalar, a baixa inteligibilidade do sistema espacial e maior controle de cruzamento de fluxos indesejáveis em hospitais que possuem eixos de circulação separados de acordo com a funcionalidade.
Mudanças climáticas e envelhecimento populacional
Authors: Salvalaio Renata Cerqueira do Nascimento , Bussolotti Victor Moura , Pellegrini Izabela Uliana , Santos Juliana Silva Almeida , Alvarez Cristina Engel de
Published: December 2023

Observa-se, globalmente, uma sobreposição de dois importantes eventos que afetam diretamente a vida nas cidades: mudanças no comportamento climático e envelhecimento populacional. Essa parcela mais velha da população é também um dos grupos mais vulneráveis aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas, requerendo uma atenção diferenciada na construção de estratégias de adaptação e mitigação desses efeitos. Esta pesquisa objetivou, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura e emprego de bibliometria, compreender e sistematizar o estado da arte de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre a relação entre pessoas idosas e mudanças climáticas. Foi possível perceber avanços importantes nas publicações acerca do tema nos últimos anos, com destaque para China e EUA, os dois países mais poluidores do mundo. Apesar desse aumento, os trabalhos analisados ainda se concentram principalmente nos estudos sobre impacto das mudanças climáticas na saúde da população, em detrimento de outras áreas de conhecimento. Assim, verificou-se uma grande concentração de artigos publicados em periódicos cujo escopo se refere às questões de Saúde Pública, Ambiental e Ocupacional. O estudo identificou uma lacuna no entendimento de como os eventos climáticos podem interferir na qualidade de vida dos idosos que vivem em ambientes urbanos e qual o papel das cidades na mitigação de seus efeitos.
In-action reflective teaching in Vietnam: A qualitative exploration of practices, influences and implications
Authors: Thuy Pham Trut , Thao Le Thanh , Yen Phuong Hoang , Thi Nguyen Anh , Tra Nguyen Huong , Thu Huynh Thi Anh
Published: December 2023

Reflective teaching plays a crucial role in the field of education though its intricacies in particular cultural contexts like Vietnam are still little understood. This study aims to investigate reflective teaching practices in more detail within the context of Vietnamese education.  This study used a qualitative methodology and semi-structured interviews with twelve Vietnamese teachers, each representing a different stage of their careers to shed light on the many forms of in-action reflective practices and their implementation, benefits, drawbacks and even cultural influences. The results of this in-depth investigation provided an overview of the wide range of in-action reflective practices that are actively used in the classroom.  The enhancement of adaptive teaching methodologies and the bolstering of student engagement are prominent among the many advantages that were noted.  Teaching in the Vietnamese context also presents unique challenges. Teachers often struggle with the demands of multitasking, the complexities of navigating uncertainties in real-time classroom scenarios   and the predominant challenge of managing large class sizes. Moreover, it was surprising to learn how many Vietnamese cultural, social   and educational factors influenced teacher understanding and use of in-action reflection.  The understanding of reflective teaching practices is enhanced by the research findings which also have broad implications for areas such as instructional strategies, teacher preparation programmes, academic research perspectives and even the development of educational policies.  The study strongly emphasizes the pressing need for more context-specific investigations into reflective teaching and underscores the indispensable role of reflection in fostering an environment conducive to effective teaching and learning.
The benefits and challenges of the use of digital technology on clinical learning of undergraduate nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative literature review
Authors: Matlhaba Kholofelo Lorraine , Khunou Sisinyana Hannah
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to compile research on the advantages and challenges of using digital technology in clinical education for undergraduate nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.  The study employed an integrative literature review with the use of the five steps as per Cooper’s framework.  Data were collected from four electronic databases to access research articles published from 2019 to 2023. Out of 440 potential candidates, eighteen satisfied the inclusion criteria. Three themes emerged from the analysis namely: 1) the benefits 2) the challenges of digital technology and 3) attitudes towards the use of   technology in clinical learning. The use of digital technology helps nursing students become more competent and confident in their ability to practice in a friendly environment. It is imperative that there should be opportunities for workshops to create awareness regarding the importance of digital technology. The practical implications of the study are that nursing education institutions should invest in the purchase of digital technology equipment as a means of advancing the implementation of new educational advancements. The stakeholders in clinical teaching and learning should be better equipped by health facilities and nursing education institutions to make better use of digital technologies.
Histological Study of Mice (Mus musculus Linn.) Digestive Organs Induced by Monosodium Glutamate after Consuming Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) Tea
Authors: Sistra Kanigara Anupama , Wiratmini Ngurah Intan , Sukmaningsih Anak Agung Sagung Alit
Published: December 2023

Highlights:
1. This original study examined the antioxidants compounds derived from naturally sourced Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx
2. Hibiscus sabdariffa tea was able to maintain histological damage such as necrosis, degeneration cell, villous erosion, and epithelial desquamation of mice digestive organs after induced by MSG
 
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most frequently used synthetic additive for food flavoring ingredient. Excessive use of MSG can cause cytotoxic effects which impacted the levels of oxidative stress and free radicals in the body, especially in the human digestive system. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a plant that is known to has red flower petals, and has lots of beneficial active compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and other compounds which are antioxidants that function as free radical antidotes. This research aims to determine consumption effect of administration roselle tea, as well as its optimal dose for digestive organs restoration on MSG-induced mice. This research applied the completely randomized method, using 25 mice. Mice were divided into 5 treatments, consisting of K- (0.3 ml aquades), K+ (given 4 mg/g bw MSG), P1 (given 4 mg/g bw MSG and 2.6 mg/g bw Roselle), P2 (given 4 mg/g bw MSG and 3.9 mg/g bw Roselle), P3 (given 4 mg/g bw MSG and 5.2 mg/g bw Roselle). Treatment was administered orally using a gavage for 30 days. Histopathological examination of the stomach, duodenum, and liver was made by using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Parameters observed in the stomach and duodenum were necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, villous erosion and epithelial desquamation, while in the hepatic organ parameters observed were necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and cell degeneration. The results of the parameters were statistically analyzed using the SPSS for windows version 22 application program. Normal and homogeneous data distribution was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test, followed by Duncan Post-Hoc test if the data were normally distributed and there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between groups.  In conclusion, the infusion of roselle tea (H. sabdariffa) with graded doses were able to recover histological damage in the stomach, duodenum, and liver of mice (Mus musculus) that had been induced by MSG.
THE MODERATING ROLE OF ESG DISCLOSURE ON FIRM STRATEGY AND STOCK PRICE CRASH RISK
Authors: Gregorius Jeandry  , Nurdin
Published: December 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of the company's business strategy on the stock price crash risk and examine the role of ESG disclosure as moderation in the relationship between business strategy and the stock price crash risk. The study population includes all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2017–2022. The sampling technique used was saturation sampling, with a total of 609 observations. Data collection techniques use content analysis. The data analysis technique uses ordinary least squares. This study found that firm strategy with the prospector typology affect the stock price crash risk, while the defenders and analyzers typologies have no effect on the stock price crash risk. ESG disclosure can weaken the effect of the business strategies of the prospector, defender, and analyzer typologies on stock price crash risk. Additional analysis found that ESG can reduce the risk of future stock price crashes. The contribution to signal theory is that there is consistently a strategic motivation for management to control good and bad information for the public. Bad information can cause the risk of price crashes to be higher than good information. Through ESG disclosure, it can provide positive signals to the public so that the risk of stock price crashes is low. The practical contribution for investors is as an investment strategy by paying more attention to the tendency of stock price crashes. For the government as a basis for making economic policies to create a well-maintained business climate.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Melalui Pelatihan Penulisan Buku Ajar bagi MGMP IPA SMP
Authors: Hermanto Sarwendah Ratnawati , Polonia Betti Ses Eka , Ravi Ahmad , Jumiar Alfath Desita
Published: December 2023

Pelatihan bertujuan memberikan pemahaman terkait tata cara menyusun buku ajar kepada guru-guru MGMP IPA. Selain itu, dilakukan pendampingan langsung untuk membuat rancangan buku ajar yang relevan serta sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan partisipatif. Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-November Tahun 2022 dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 35 orang. Kegiatan pelatihan meliputi persiapan kegiatan (survei & koordinasi dengan mitra), pelaksanaan kegiatan (workshop pelatihan & pendampingan), dan evaluasi kegiatan (evaluasi ketercapaian kegiatan). Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah terdapat peningkatan pemahaman serta kemampuan peserta pelatihan dalam menyusun buku ajar. Selain itu, hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu satu draft buku ajar yang telah disusun oleh peserta pelatihan. Kegiatan ini merupakan langkah awal sebagai motivasi bagi guru-guru dalam menulis dan menyusun buku ajar berbasis Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa.The training aims to provide an understanding of the procedures for compiling textbooks for MGMP IPA teachers. In addition, direct assistance is provided to design relevant textbooks that meet students' needs. The method used is participatory training. Community service activities are carried out from October until November 2022 with 35 participants. Training activities include the presentation of material by resource persons and mentoring activities for preparing textbook drafts which are carried out face-to-face and online. The result of this service activity is an increase in understanding and ability to compile textbooks. In addition, the result of this community service activity is a draft textbook the training participants have prepared. This activity is the first step in motivating teachers to write and compile textbooks based on the independent learning curriculum that suits the needs of students.
Pelatihan Penggunaan LKPD berbasis Pendekatan STEM bagi Guru MTs Mabdaul Ma’arif Jombang Jember
Authors: Wicaksono Iwan , Sutarto Sutarto , Indrawati Indrawati , Hariyadi Slamet , Hariani Sulifah Aprilyah
Published: December 2023

Bahan ajar siswa terutama Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) yang digunakan guru di MTs Mabdaul Ma'arif Jombang jumlah dan ragamnya terbatas sehingga kurang mendukung pemahaman konsep maupun materi. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian adalah melatih guru untuk menggunakan dan mengembangkan LKPD berbasis Pendekatan STEM, yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru yaitu kemampuan menguasai materi bahan ajar dalam bentuk LKPD. Pelatihan diikuti oleh 33 guru yang dilakukan secara sistematis dalam mengembangkan LKPD yang sesuai dengan pencapaian kompetensi siswa. Kegiatan pelatihan dilaksanakan pada 18–21 Oktober 2022 dengan pendekatan yang digunakan selama proses pelaksanaan pelatihan ini yaitu pendekatan proses. Tahapan kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu pembentukan tim, perumusan tujuan, identifikasi stakesholder, pengumpulan dan analisis kebutuhan, penentuan prioritas masalah, persiapan, implementasi, pendampingan, review dan evaluasi. Terdapat peningkatan pemahaman guru terhadap langkah-langkah pengembangan meliputi: hakikat, komponen, karakteristik materi, demonstrasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan produk LKPD berbasis STEM. Dengan demikian, diharapkan guru akan lebih terlatih dan kompeten dalam pengembangan LKPD untuk meningkatkan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa.Student teaching materials, especially the student worksheets used by teachers at MTs Mabdaul Ma'arif Jombang, are limited so that they do not support understanding concepts or material. The service activity aims to train teachers to use and develop student worksheets based on the STEM Approach, which is expected to increase the professional competence of teachers, namely the ability to master teaching materials in the form of student worksheets. The training was attended by 33 teachers who carried out systematically developing student worksheets in accordance with the achievement of student competencies. The training activities were carried out on October 18-21, 2022, with the approach used during the implementation of this training, namely the process approach. The stages of the activities carried out are team formation, formulation of goals, identification of stakeholders, collection and analysis of needs, prioritization of problems, preparation, implementation, mentoring, review and evaluation. There is an increase in teachers' understanding of the development steps, including nature, components, material characteristics, and demonstration of the implementation of learning using STEM-based student worksheet products. Thus, it is hoped that teachers will be more trained and competent in developing student worksheets to improve students' higher-order thinking.
Criminal and Administrative Legal Characteristics of Offenses in The Field of Countering Drug Trafficking: Insights from Ukraine
Authors: Volobuieva Olena , Leheza Yevhen , Pervii Vita , Plokhuta Yevhenii , Pichko Roman
Published: December 2023

Drug addiction in Ukraine has been showing signs of an epidemic and represents one of the potential threats to Ukraine's national security. This article highlights the regulation of the ratio of criminal and administrative liability as to countering offences in the sphere of trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors. The research method is presented as comparative-legal (legislation of Ukraine, Holland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland) and systematic analysis. The sanctions for drug crimes provided for in the legislation, countries are divided into three groups, namely hard policy group, strict control group, and liberal group. Summing up the analysis of the legal regulation of the fight against drug crime in different countries, it should be noted that international legal acts govern most countries' legislation. At the same time, the legislation and executive system of punishments of various states in combating drug crimes are specific, due not so much to the country's national characteristics but to the concretely formed criminogenic situation in this area.
Profitabilitas Perusahaan Sektor Consumer Non-cyclical: Pengaruh Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Likuiditas
Authors: Kesara Rinaldi , Zahro Nafi’ Inayati , Susanti Diah Ayu
Published: December 2023

Profitability is the most important element in a company because the profit or profits generated can determine the level of investor confidence in investing. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of leverage, company size and liquidity on profitability levels. This research is quantitative research with a population of Consumer Non-cyclical companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2022 period. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique with a total of nine companies and obtained 514 research data. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques for panel data with Eviews 9. The results of this research show that leverage and liquidity have a negative effect on profitability. Meanwhile, company size has no effect on profitability.
Laba Asuransi Jiwa Syariah Ditinjau dari Beban Klaim, Hasil Investasi, Underwriting, dan Inflasi
Authors: Cahya Bayu Tri , Habibah Muzayyidatul , Restuti Dwi Putri , Hanifah Umi , Jannah Ulfiyatul
Published: December 2023

The profit-earning activity of an insurance company is important. Moreover, choosing a better variable can accurately assess the quality of the insurance company’s performance as illustrated by its profit. This study aims to empirically prove and interpret the effect of claim expenses, investment returns, underwriting, and inflation on profits. The population is a full Sharia life insurance company registered with the OJK for the 2016-2021 period, which was selected through purposive sampling and obtained from a sample of 30 annual financial reports. This research is quantitative research with a causality approach through hypothesis testing. The analysis was carried out through panel data regression analysis using EViews. The result of this study accepted one of the four hypotheses that investment returns affect sharia life insurance earnings. Conversely, claim expense, underwriting, and inflation do not affect sharia life insurance profits. Profit is a positive signal to influence outsiders’ assessment of the company’s performance. Proper management of funds can optimize sharia life insurance profits.

 

 
Breastfeeding by Disability Status in the United States: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2018–2020
Authors: Ramer Stephanie , Nguyen Antoinette T. , Nelson Jennifer M. , Whiteman Maura K. , Warner Lee , Thierry JoAnn M. , Folger Suzanne , von Essen Beatriz Salvesen , Kortsmit Katherine
Published: December 2023

Objectives. To describe breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding at 1, 2, and 3 months, and information sources on breastfeeding among women with a recent live birth by disability status.

Methods. We analyzed October 2018 to December 2020 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for 24 sites in the United States that included the Washington Group Short Set of Questions on Disability (seeing, hearing, walking or climbing stairs, remembering or concentrating, self-care, communicating). We defined disability as reporting “a lot of difficulty” or “cannot do this at all” on any of these questions.

Results. Among 39 673 respondents, 6.0% reported disability. In adjusted analyses, breastfeeding was lower among respondents with disability at 2 (62.6% vs 66.6%; adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89, 0.99) and 3 months (54.7% vs 59.6%; APR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.86, 0.98) than those without disability. Respondents with disability were less likely to receive information from health care providers or support professionals (89.3% vs 92.3%), but as likely from breastfeeding or lactation specialists (78.1% vs 75.3%).

Conclusions. Strategies to ensure women with disability, receive breastfeeding support, including breastfeeding information, could improve breastfeeding outcomes. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(1):108–117. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307438 )
Tobacco 21 Laws and Youth Tobacco Use: The Role of Policy Attributes
Authors: Friedman Abigail S , Pesko Michael F
Published: December 2023

Objectives. To estimate Tobacco-21 policies’ relationships to 18- to 20 year-old youth cigarette, cigar, and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use, and to test for effect modification by policy attributes.

Methods. In fall 2022, we used Tobacco 21 Population Coverage Database data to calculate the percentage of state residents covered by state or local Tobacco 21 (T21) laws monthly through June 2020. Matching T21 coverage to Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we used 2-way fixed effect analyses to assess the relationship between T21 laws and 18- to 20-year-old youth cigarette, cigar, and ENDS use, and tested for differences by policy attributes: possession, use, or purchase (PUP) penalties, retailer noncompliance penalties, and compliance check requirements.

Results. Increased T21 exposure yielded significant reductions in cigarette and cigar use, as well as in ENDS use, when accounting for policy attributes. These effects were dampened in T21 laws with PUP penalties relative to those without.

Conclusions. Tobacco-21 laws yield reductions in 18- to 20-year-old youth cigarette, cigar, and ENDS use, with dampened effects when policies include PUP penalties.

Public Health Implications. State policymakers should consider implementing T21 laws without PUP penalties to reduce underage nicotine and tobacco use. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(1):90–97. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307447 )
Untangling Concepts of Financial Circumstances for Public Health Professionals and Scholars: A Glossary and Concept Map
Authors: Nykiforuk Candace I. J. , Belon Ana Paula , Scott Lisa K. Allen
Published: December 2023

Public health discipline and practice have prioritized work on poverty and populations at high risk for material deprivation, with less consideration for the full spectrum of financial circumstances relative to well-being. Public health can make a much-needed contribution to this area, which is currently dominated by the financial industry, focused on individual behaviors, and lacking the definitional consensus needed for research and evaluation. A population-level lens can reveal the social determinants and health consequences of real or perceived poor financial circumstances.

This article aims to improve conceptual understanding of financial circumstances among public health scholars and professionals. We identified concepts through a critical literature review of peer-reviewed and practice-based resources on financial well-being and financial strain. We developed a glossary of concepts related to financial circumstances and categorized concepts according to their level of influence using an approach informed by socioecological models. We provide a concept map that illustrates the relationships between concepts in the context of their levels of influence.

This article will help to advance an agenda on financial well-being promotion in public health research and practice. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(1):79–89. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307449 )
Human Resource Development in Islam and the Management of Muslim Organizations
Authors: Walusimbi Yunus
Published: December 2023

The practice of the HRD function has been found to have very important benefits to the organization and the employees involved. The HRD function is a very important strategic tool for the organization and when its practice is done the Islamic way it likely to come with a lot of benefits. HRD is Islam is about the fair treatment of employees by the employers. This study was about human resource development in Islam the often-forgotten concept in the management of Muslim organizations. The study examined the need for implementation of Islamic perspective of HRD in Muslim organizations and the need to find out the possible solutions to problem of failure to implement the Islamic perspective of HRD in Muslim organizations. The methodology employed was to examines the literature relating to human resource development, need for its implementation, related problems and the possible solutions to problem of failure to implement the Islamic perspective of HRD. The findings indicate that implementation of HRD in the Islamic perspective has enormous benefits like improved work performance moral build up. It was also found out that many Muslim organizations do not implement HRD with the Islamic perspective in their organization because they lack knowledge related to the same. It’s also found out that creating awareness about HRD practice in Islam will help to bring about the much-anticipated practice among Muslim organization.
Keywords: Human resource Development, Islam, management, Muslim organization
Dissociating cognitive compensation from cognitive deficit in neurodegenerative diseases: the model of premanifest Huntington’s disease mutation carriers
Authors: Jacquemot Charlotte , Stanc Lorna Le , Lunven Marine , Giavazzi Maria , Sliwinski Agnès , Youssov Katia , Bachoud-Lévi Anne-Catherine
Published: December 2023

Cognitive reserve is the ability to actively cope with brain deterioration and delay cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. We combined computational modelling (drift diffusion models, DDMs) and neuroanatomical analysis using Huntington’s disease (HD) as a genetic model of neurodegenerative disease to study compensation in premanifest mutation carriers (preHDs). Twenty preHDs, 28 early-stage HD patients (earlyHDs), and 45 controls performed a discrimination task. We used DDMs to investigate underlying cognitive performances and explored the relationship with neuroanatomical substrates. Compared with controls, earlyHDs performed less and preHDs performed similarly. DDMs showed a progressive increase in the amount of evidence needed to take a decision from controls to preHDs and earlyHDs. This increase in response threshold predicted an increase in the rate of evidence accumulation. In preHDs, the higher rate was associated with left parietal and hippocampal hypertrophy, and showed an inversed U-shaped pattern over the course of disease progress, characteristic of compensation.
FENet: Feature Enhancement Network for Arbitrary Direction Text Detection
Authors: Wang Runmin , Liu Yingying , Chen Hua , Zhu Yanbin , Zhu Guilin , Liu Minghao , Han Chang , Ding Yajun
Published: December 2023

With the advent of deep learning, scene text detection has gained significant prominence, finding applications in diverse fields such as autonomous driving, and scene text translation. Existing frameworks often encode text candidates independently, employing sequential deep convolutional methods (e.g., ResNet, VGGNet). These methods grapple with several challenges, including the variability of text shapes, the presence of intricate backgrounds, and limitations in retaining relatively long contextual information. In contrast, our proposed network, denominated as the Feature Enhancement Network (FENet), adeptly addresses arbitrary direction text detection through the integration of attention mechanisms and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM). Our method boasts three pivotal attributes: (i) Recurrent strengthening of feature maps via the amalgamation of an attention mechanism-based Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and a BLSTM-based sequence feature extraction module. (ii) Modification of the constituent elements of the bottleneck layer within the ResNet architecture to facilitate micro-batch training. (iii) Augmentation of network learnability through the incorporation of residual network structures within the BLSTM-based sequence feature extraction module. We conducted extensive experiments on five publicly available datasets, namely ICDAR 2013, ICDAR 2015, MSRA-TD500, SCUT-CTW1500, and ICDAR2017-MLT. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method. We will release code to facilitate community research at the website: https://github.com/lyy0117.
Myeloid PTEN loss affects therapeutic response by promoting stress granules assembly and impairing phagocytosis of macrophages in breast cancer
Authors: Pan Yueyin , Li Yan , Wang Gang , Han Chaoqiang , Dong Menghao , Hua Hui , Chen Jian , Yu Haiyang , Zhang Rutong , Feng Xiaoxi , Xu Chao , Yang Zhenye
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer (BRCA) has become the most common type of cancer in women. The improvement of therapeutic response remains a challenge. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a classic tumor suppressor with emerging new functions discovered in recent years, and myeloid PTEN loss has been reported to impair the anti-tumor immunity. In this study, we revealed a novel mechanism of myeloid PTEN potentially affecting anti-tumor immunity in BRCA. We identified accelerated stress granules (SGs) assembly under oxidative stress in PTEN deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), due to the upregulation of EGR1 transcripting TIAL1. The activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) pathway also contributed to the promoted SGs formation. ATP consumption during SGs assembly in BMDMs impaired the phagocytosis of 4T1 cells, which might contribute to the damage of anti-tumor immunity. In BRCA neoadjuvant cohort, we observed poorer response in myeloid PTENlow patients with G3BP1 aggregating as SGs in CD68 + cells, which was consistent with the mechanism that PTEN deficient macrophages tend to have easier SGs assembly with impaired phagocytosis in our study. Our results revealed an unconventional impact of SGs on BMDMs and might provided new perspectives for drug resistance and therapeutic strategies for BRCA patients.
Breaking Barriers: Differential Service Deliveries for Key Population Community HIV/AIDS Services Action and Response in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Shitu Zayyanu , Nyako Zaynab U , Dahiru Hamza Musa , Oyedeji David Olusegun , Fajemisin Wole , Salihu Abdulsamad , Abone Chizoba Gerald , Anyati Jennifer , Sadiq Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) reported alarmingly increase daily, and poses threat to epidemic control globally. A significant number of these new cases (up to 70%) is being accounted for by the Key Population (KP). However, stigma and discrimination in our conventional healthcare systems lead to poor access to treatment among these populations. The current study reviews some of the healthcare models implemented for KP HIV program.
Method
A retrospective data review of KP patients accessing care using the One Stop Shop (OSS) and Community Clinical Service Assistant Points (CCSAPs) models for HIV care in Zamfara State, Nigeria (May 2022 to May 2023). Important patient data were extracted and analysed in frequency and percentage. Pearson's chi-square test identified the statistical association.
Results
Of the 4043 patients, 3737 patients with known viral load were used, CCSAPs had (77.8%) patients and OSS (22.2%). The majority were females (60.7%). The ages were between 25 and 34 years of ages (42.9%). The patients had a mean weight of 58.15Kg. Overal retention to care was (98.6%) with suppression rate of (99.4%), with CCSAPs (99.6%) suppression rate and OSS (99.0%) suppression. There were no association statistically between the two models (p < 0.005).
Conclusion
Both the CCSAPs and OSS models demonstrated a high rate of viral load suppression and retention in care for KP.The CCSAPs particularly excelled in viral suppression rates and patient retention. More HIV programs need to adopt these service delivery to improve access to care and sustain the progress for epidemic control.
Drug-induced change in transmitter identity is a shared mechanism generating cognitive deficits
Authors: Spitzer Nicholas , Pratelli Marta , Hakimi Anna , Thaker Arth , Li Hui-Quan , Godavarthi Swetha
Published: December 2023

Cognitive deficits are a long-lasting consequence of drug use, yet the convergent mechanism by which classes of drugs with different pharmacological properties cause similar deficits is unclear. We find that both phencyclidine and methamphetamine, despite differing in their targets in the brain, cause the same glutamatergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex to gain a GABAergic phenotype and decrease their expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter. Suppressing the drug-induced gain of GABA with RNA-interference prevents the appearance of memory deficits. Stimulation of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area is necessary and sufficient to produce this gain of GABA. Drug-induced prefrontal hyperactivity drives this change in transmitter identity. Returning prefrontal activity to baseline, chemogenetically or with clozapine, reverses the change in transmitter phenotype and rescues the associated memory deficits. The results reveal a shared and reversible mechanism that regulates the appearance of cognitive deficits upon exposure to different drugs.
Genome-wide gene expression profiles throughout human malaria parasite liver stage development
Authors: Kappe Stefan , Zanghi Gigliola , Patel Hardik , Camargo Nelly , Smith Jenny , Bae Yeji , Hesping Eva , Boddey Justin , Flannery Erika , Chuenchob Vorada , Fishbaugher Matthew , Mikolajczak Sebastian , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Hayes Kiera , Vaughan Ashley
Published: December 2023

Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria parasite gene expression during the initial infection phase in the liver is poorly characterized. Using a human liver-chimeric mouse model in conjunction with a fluorescent parasite line (PfNF54CSPGFP), we uncovered the transcriptome of key liver stage (LS) developmental phases, while establishing correlations between clustered gene expression profiles and AP2 developmental transcription factors. This provides insight into transcriptional regulation during LS infection and highlights important LS metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we compared Pf and P. vivax (Pv) LS transcriptomes, highlighting commonalities, such as countering oxidative stress, but also differences in the context of sexual stage commitment in the liver. We also observed expression of PfEMP1 proteins and the Pf Translocon of Exported Proteins (PTEX) and identified protein candidates that might be exported during LS development. This data will inform biological studies and the search for effective drug targets and vaccines that prevent and treat liver stage infection.
Radical N-Glycosylation of Heterocycles with 1-Hydroxycarbohydrates Enabled by Copper Metallaphotoredox Catalysis
Authors: Hu Xiang-Guo , Liu Da-Peng , Zhang Shao-Sen , Liu Shuai
Published: December 2023

N-Glycosylated heterocycles play important roles in biological systems and drug development. The synthesis of these compounds heavily relies on ionic N-glycosylation, which is usually constrained by factors like labile glycosyl donors, precious metal catalysts, and stringent conditions. Herein, we report an unprecedented glycosyl radical-based method for synthesizing N-glycosides by leveraging copper metallaphotoredox catalysis. Complementing with the well-established ionic approaches, our method employs inexpensive photo- and copper- catalysts and can tolerate some extent of water. Furthermore, readily available and stable 1-hydroxycarbohydrates are successfully utilized for the first time for N-glycosylation. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope, encompassing 76 examples, and demonstrates high stereoselectivity, favoring 1,2-trans selectivity for furanoses and α-selectivity for pyranoses. It also exhibits high site-selectivity for substrates containing multiple N-atoms. The synthetic utility was showcased through the late-stage functionalization of bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals like Olaparib, Axitinib, and Metaxalone. Mechanistic studies proved the presence of glycosyl intermediates and the importance of copper metallaphotoredox catalysis.
Effect of air vessel configuration on transient pressures
Authors: Darweesh Moustafa , Ahmed Anwar A.
Published: December 2023

Hydropneumatic tanks can effectively safeguard pressurized systems from the risk of water hammer. This paper examines the influence of both air vessel aspect ratio (R = height/diameter) and its form; cylindrical (vertical and horizontal) and spherical, on the transient pressures resulting from the abnormal working events of pumps. Bentley HAMMER software, which uses the Method of Characteristics to solve the momentum and continuity equations for unsteady flow, was foremost verified and then utilized in the analysis. Three case studies were considered. The results show that, for the same operating conditions, R has an insignificant effect on the maximum and minimum pressures, and as R increases, the extreme pressures improve slightly. Furthermore, the hydraulic performance of horizontal cylindrical, vertical cylindrical, and spherical air vessels, under transient conditions and at the same volume, is identical and the small differences in the transient results could be attributed to the change in pressure of air/gas inside the vessel that results from the variance in the vessel’s cross-sectional area.