bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHOICE OF PROSTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF COMPLETE ANODONTIA IN MANDIBULAR ARCH ACCORDING TO THE PATIENT’S PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE
Authors: Pelekhan B.L. , Rozhko M.M. , Pelekhan L.I.
Published: November 2020

About 30 – 60% of patients complain on malfunctioning removable laminar dentures whatever the manufacturing method was chosen. An alternative method to correct complete anodontia is the construction of fixed implant-retained prostheses. Plan of prosthetic treatment for individuals with complete anodontia is elaborated based on a number of factors including initial examination, analysis of clinical and additional laboratory findings, and choosing the optimal and accessible option for a patient. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the patient’s psychological type on selecting the treatment tactics to correct complete anodontia in the lower jaw and on the level of the patient’s motivation regarding the choice of the prosthetic restoration. Materials and methods. 45 patients with compete anodontia who required prosthodontic treatment were included into the study. The clinical examination was performed in 2 stages. The patient’s psychological type was determined according to the House classification (1950) during the primary clinical examination. The patients were distributed into the groups according to the data obtained. We evaluated the decisions on the proposed priority options of the treatment plan made by the patients of each groups. Results. Our study demonstrated 62.2% of the patients (28 people), who sought help at the prosthetic dentistry clinic, had clearly defined needs. An option of intraosseous dental implants placement and then fixed denture placement without extensive reconstructive interventions was chosen by 8 patients (66.7%) of the study group 1. The patients classified as exacting mind conduct themselves in conformity with the personality characteristics typical for this class in the process of elaborating the treatment plan. 88.9% of people classified as indifferent psychological type tended to choose the simplest and the least expensive treatment options. Conclusions: 1. A key character trait of the patients classified as philosophical minds is the credibility to dentists. Decision making on choosing the optimal option is only possible when patients are completely aware of possible risks and complications. 2. Adherence to a clear treatment plan according to the established requirements is a priority for the patients classified as exacting minds. 3. When making a decision on the treatment plan for the patients with an indifferent psychological type, it is necessary to ensure the patient’s ability to follow all recommendations and prescriptions. 4. When dealing with the patients with hysterical psychological type, the doctor-patient mutual understanding should be built up taking into account the emotional instability of the patients.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVEL AS A MARKER OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PREMATURE BIRTH NEONATES
Authors: Rossokha Z.I. , Fishchuk L.Ye. , Pokhylko V.I. , Cherniavska Yu. I. , Gorovenko N.G.
Published: November 2020

Optimal magnesium supply during pregnancy and overcoming magnesium deficiency is essential due to its physiological role in many metabolic processes. Metabolic transformations with magnesium are necessary for the vitamin D activation, energy supply for homocysteine restoration, and regulation of nitric oxide synthesis. Magnesium deficiency increases the risk of premature birth, and the diffusion of magnesium to the fetus increases precisely from the second trimester of pregnancy, therefore, its deficiency can adversely affect neonatal adaptation. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the serum magnesium level and markers of endothelial dysfunction and the clinical features of the early neonatal period course. Results. The average level of serum magnesium in 58 premature birth neonates was 1.21 ± 1.09 mg/dl on the first day. A borderline low level of serum magnesium (less than 1.2 mg/dl) was found in 72.41% of the examined children. Statistical analysis did not reveal a relationship between the serum magnesium level on the first day after birth and the studied markers of endothelial dysfunction (eNOS gene variants, nitric oxide level). A positive correlation was found between serum magnesium level and Apgar scores in newborns. For nitric oxide, a negative correlation with the Apgar 2 score and a positive correlation with the degree of respiratory failure were found. Serum magnesium and nitric oxide levels in premature birth neonates measured on the first day after birth enable to assess the course of the antenatal period and to predict postpartum adaptation.
MORPHOLOGICAL ORGAN REMODELLING CAUSED BY OPIOID ANALGESICS
Authors: Hresko N. I. , Bekeseych A. M. , Vilkhova I. V.
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, there is an increasing tendency towards the number of patients addicted to opioid-related drugs, which are relatively freely available in pharmacies due to due to violations of the prescription regulations. Few analgesics have a competitive advantage compared to opioid analgesics, but their prolong taking can result in marked metabolic changes leading to the disability and mortality among opioid-addicted patients. This situation requires in-depth study of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of multiple organ comorbidities. Our study presents the analysis of data in special literature on structural remodelling of body tissues over the period of psychoactive substance intake, and in particular opioid analgesics. It has been found out that that there is a direct correlation between the changes in organs and tissues and the duration of exposure and the dosage of opioid analgesics. According to the literature, the first changes occurred in the initial stages of experimental research. Prolonged exposure to opioid analgesics led to serious dystrophic changes, which then turned into destructive ones and manifested by cell destruction. Therefore, the problem of the impact produced by opioid substances on the morphological remodelling of organs and systems is of great medical and social irrelevance. Prolonged use of opioids contributes to the development of a chronic endogenous intoxication that results in chronic multiple organ failure. This severe condition results from morphological alterations, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. A lot of issues concerning to organ remodelling due to long-term use of narcotic analgesics remain are still unclear. Therefore, studying the structure of organs under the impact of opioids is essential for medical researchers and clinicians in terms of the elaboration of the preventive measure and effective approaches in treating prolonged opioid addiction.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEART RATE IN LATE PREMATURE NEWBORNS WITH PERINATAL AFFECTION OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Soloviova H.O.
Published: November 2020

The adaptation of late premature babies to the new life conditions is difficult and requires careful monitoring of all vital parameters in the postnatal period. The general immaturity of the newborns in combination with the metabolic and hypoxic disorders "leaves only a narrow corridor" to develop babies their compensatory possibilities. There is an urgent need to investigate posthypoxic myocardial ischemia in newborns due to the fact that in the neonatal period, early diagnosis and correct treatment can prevent long-term adverse consequences of existing disorders. The aim of this study was to develop an approach for early detection of cardiac rhythm disturbances and conduction disorders in late premature infants, who underwent perinatal hypoxia. A single-center study included 93 late premature babies who were born at the Perinatal Center, Poltava, in 2019 – 2020. Group I consisted of newborns (n ​​= 47) with hypoxic-ischemic damage of the central nervous system; group II included premature babies (n = 46) with hypoxic-hemorrhagic damage of the central nervous system. Long-term monitoring of the electrocardiogram was performed with further conversion of the altered QRST-QRST complexes into 2D format with a multi-coloured representation of all components of the ventricular electrical systole. Among heterotopic cardiac arrhythmias, supraventricular extrasystoles were most often recorded in 89.4 ± 4.8% of the children of group I and in 67.4 ± 6.1% of newborns in group II with daytime distribution in both groups. Ventricular extrasystoles were found as significantly more frequent in newborns of group I (21.3 ± 6.3%) compared with children in group II (10.9 ± 6.1%), with a significant increase in the area of ​​ectopic ventricular complexes (1492.2) that indicates a prolonged depolarization process. The study of the bioelectrical activity of the heart based on the findings obtained by monitoring the electrocardiogram with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the convertible QRST-QRST complexes increases the efficiency of visual diagnosis of electrical instability of the myocardium in late premature infants with perinatal damage of the central nervous system.
PAIN IN CHILDREN WITH CANCER DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Artomova N.S. , Soloviova H.O. , Kaliuzhka O.O. , Fastovets M.M. , Hasiuk N.I.
Published: November 2020

Pain syndrome is commonly a leading syndrome of oncological and oncohematological diseases in children. Whether the condition is curable or not, the pain syndrome can almost always be controlled that can significantly improve the quality of life of young patients and their families. The presented article highlights the causes and the mechanism of the pain syndrome development in children with oncological and oncohematological diseases. Adequate identification of pathogenetic mechanisms and assessment of pain syndrome is the main goal of the initial assessment of the patient's condition, taking into account the psychosocial characteristics of the patient and his family, thus it is important for clinicians to include these criteria in initial and follow-up examinations of patients in order to provide appropriate therapeutic management. We stress on the comprehensive understanding of the aetiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of the pain syndrome in children with oncological diseases, which directly affect the strategy of overcoming the pain associated with the tumour process, treatment, and carrying out medical and diagnostic manipulations in such children. It is important for specialists in paediatric oncology and oncohematology to diagnose the general pain syndrome, which accompanies cancerous diseases. Effective analgesia requires careful monitoring of the patient’s condition and his/ her syndromic reactions during treatment. The comprehensive assessment of the pain syndrome should include a discussion of the purpose and expectations of pain therapy, changes in pain intensity, characteristics and location. The article presents the basic principles of overcoming the pain syndrome, a three-step approach to the treatment of pain syndrome in children with oncological diseases and the main characteristics and combinations of analgesic groups for pain management.
ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF PROFESSIONAL ORAL HYGIENE METHODS DURING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
Authors: Holovko D.R. , Holovko A.S. , Marchenko A.V. , Khmil T.A.
Published: November 2020

Orthodontic treatment can successfully correct a number of dento-facial anomalies in children and adults by applying customized orthodontic treatment systems of braces. But poor access to certain areas of oral cavity as well as some anomalies of tooth position typical for incorrect bite, patients’ insufficient knowledge and lack of manual skills can result in inappropriate individual oral care and the development of caries in the area of brace fixing. Reports on the impact of modern orthodontic appliances on the state of hard dental tissues testify the high relevance of this issue. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of professional oral hygiene methods to clean areas around the braces. We compared two methods of professional oral hygiene elaborated for patients wearing orthodontic appliances. 42 participants of different age groups underwent clinical examination and additional laboratory investigations. Then they were divided into 2 groups. The patients of the 1st group had procedures of ultrasonic tooth cleaning with a particular attention to supragingival areas and additional cleaning in the near-brace areas by applying 10% higher power of the scaler; they also performed mechanical tooth brushing using toothpastes for professional dental cleaning, flossing of contact surfaces, polishing of the dental surfaces, especially in the areas of cervical and near-brace areas. The patients of the group 2 received the same oral care procedures with additional AIR - FLOW cleaning in all areas, and especially in the area of ​​orthodontic appliance fixation. Comparing the effects of applying professional hygiene methods to the patients wearing orthodontic appliances, we have found out the highest efficiency was obtained by using ultrasonic cleaning, the Air-Flow system, mechanical brushing, flossing and polishing. The use of the Air Flow system by itself enabled us to clean hard-to-reach areas around the braces and, as a result, to perform better polishing of the dental surfaces preventing further adsorption of pathogenic microflora and the formation of dental plaque.
MANUFACTURING OF FULL REMOVABLE LAMINAR DENTURES USING DIFFERENT GROUPS OF MATERIALS FOR DENTURE BASES AND THEIR COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Kuz V.S. , Tumakova E.B. , Kuz G.M. , Teslenko A.I. , Eris L.B.
Published: November 2020

Restoration of complete maxillary or mandibular adentia, despite the advances of dentistry nowadays, has always been and is still remaining one of the most challenging among the clinical issues of orthopedic dentistry. The effectiveness of a high-quality complete removable denture is largely predetermined by the properties of the denture base material. However, long experience in manufacturing the dentures has revealed a number of their disadvantages. The development of new denture base materials and their studies have been being carried out for many years. The aim of this work was to investigate the effectiveness of thermoplastic base material "Vertex ThermoSense" (Netherlands) and fluorine-containing acrylic plastic "Ftoraks" (Ukraine) used in manufacturing the dentures for edentulous patients who previously worn full removable dentures made of acrylic plastic over the past 3- 5 years. We examined and treated 43 patients with complete anodontia who went to the orthodontic clinic to order a new denture. We used fluorine-containing acrylic co-polymers "Ftorax" (Ukraine) and polyamide (nylon) "Vertex ThermoSense" (Netherlands), recommended by manufacturers for making removable dentures. We assessed the level subjective satisfaction with new dentures in different follow-up time intervals, checked the restoration of the chewing function in the patients using electromyographic techniques. Clinical findings obtained supported the superiority of Vertex ThermoSense thermoplastic material over fluorine-containing acrylic resins in terms of high functional quality and strength that facilitate the durability of these complete dentures. In addition, the denture base made of "Vertex ThermoSense" does not contain residual monomer, thereby preventing the occurrence of allergic reactions. The results of our work allow us to strongly recommend the material "Vertex ThermoSense" to implement into prosthodontic practice for manufacturing complete removable dentures.
THERMOGRAPHY OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES DURING DIATHERMOCOAGULATION RETRACTION
Authors: Nikolov V.V. , Korol D.M. , Kindii D.D. , Kindii V.D. , Korol M.D.
Published: November 2020

Gingival retraction at the preparatory stage of orthopedic teeth restoration with fixed dental appliances is a common procedure in daily dental practice, the success of which will depend on the effectiveness of orthopedic treatment in general. Given certain shortcomings of well-known mechanical and mechano-chemical retraction techniques, the consequences of which may lead to unpredictable aesthetic results, the purpose of this work was to study changes in temperature of marginal gums around teeth at different stages of their orthopedic restoration by fixed metal-ceramic structures based on the thermography findings. The study included 54 patients aged 20 to 60 years, with partial or complete destruction of the coronal part, among whom there were 29 people (53.7%) who underwent gum retraction by diathermocoagulation, and 25 people (46.3%) who underwent retraction of the gingival groove with cotton threads "Ultrapak" (“Ultradent", USA). Measurements were performed prior the operation, during it, in 60 minutes after the completion of diathermocoagulation, and in 7 days after fixation of the cermet crown (14 days after retraction). The thermographic study showed that immediately after the procedure of diathermocoagulation retraction, the temperature of the marginal mucosa went up from 27.3° C (St.Err. 0.28) to 60.2° C (St.Err. 0.72) in the group 1, while in group 2 after mechanochemical retraction there was an increase in temperature from 27.3° C (St.Err. 0.30) to 28.9° C (St.Err. 0.3). 60 minutes after the end of the retraction, the average thermographic index in the group 1 was 28° C (St.Err. 0.28), while in group 2 it equalled to 28.1° C (St.Err.0.31). Control thermography on the 14th day after gum retraction showed a slight decrease to 27.1° C (St.Err. 0.29) in the group 1, and 26.72° C (St.Err. 0.29) in the group 2. The use of diathermocoagulation method of preparation (retraction) of abutment teeth in case of partial or complete destruction of their coronal part improves the quality of orthopedic treatment of patients by using metal-ceramic constructions of dentures. Analysis of thermodynamics in dental and periodontal tissues using the latest thermographic devices with subsequent computer processing of information obtained is of great prospects for further in-depth research.
CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPACT OF OPPORTUNITY INFECTIONS ON GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN HIV-INFECTED PEOPLE
Authors: Balaniuk I.V. , Andrushchak M.O. , Boyko Yu.І. , Horbatiuk I.B. , Horbatiuk I.B.
Published: November 2020

A decrease in the number of CD4 + lymphocytes in HIV infection is known to increase the risk of opportunistic infections, malignancies and other diseases classified as diagnostic criteria for AIDS. The purpose of this work is to analyze the main groups of opportunistic infections and infectious lesions commonly affecting the gastrointestinal tract in HIV-positive patients. Up to 90% of deaths from HIV infection are directly or indirectly caused by opportunistic infections that emphasize the importance of further research aimed at their prevention and management. A progressive decline in the number of CD4 + lymphocytes due to their non-stop destruction and insufficient replenishment from progenitor cells underlies the development of immunodeficiency in HIV infection. Pathological changes in the gastric mucosa may be associated with Mycobacterium avium complex. Cryptosporidosis is an opportunistic infection reported as common among immuno-suppressed patients. It occurs as a long-term, mild infection without severe clinical symptoms. In recent decades, opportunistic infections have become a medical and social challenge due to their spread and significant impact on the quality of life of HIV-positive people. It should be also noted that the presence of opportunistic infection has little effect on the characteristics of the microbial picture in the intestine. But, at the same time, it can deteriorate metabolic processes in the intestinal epithelium, proliferation and maintenance of its resistance to aggressive factors. Therefore, the issue of detection and timely treatment of opportunistic infections is of a great medical and social importance. Conclusions: Early diagnosis, prevention and management of opportunistic infections play an essential role in increasing the life expectancy of HIV-positive people and improving the course of the disease.
Access to Veterinary Medicines in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jaime Glória , Hobeika Alexandre , Figuié Muriel
Published: November 2020

The significant increase in antibiotics resistance (AMR) has become a major issue over the last decade. Current international focus falls largely on reducing the excessive use and misuse of antibiotics in animal farming. The drivers of this consumption are generally studied through farmers' behavior and veterinary-farmers interactions. However, drug use also results from structural factors that determine the functioning of the drugs market chain and farmers' access to drugs. This article presents an overview of the limits to access to veterinary drugs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as well as the international policy tools and setups that claim to improve it. We analyze the scientific and grey literature, the publicly available data of the veterinary pharmaceutical industry and international organizations in order to gather information on the veterinary drugs markets in SSA, and on the norms, recommendations, guidelines and initiatives at international level that impact the functioning of the markets chains in SSA. We highlight numerous roadblocks to access to veterinary medicines in SSA. The African market is highly dependent on imports. It suffers from a high level of fragmentation, weak distribution infrastructures and services and is driven by the multiplication of private non- professional actors playing a growing role in the veterinary drug chains. The distribution system is increasingly dualized, with on the one hand the public sector (supported by development organizations) supplying small scale farmers in rural areas, but with limited and irregular means; and on the other side a private sector largely unregulated which supplies commercial and industrial farming systems. Different innovations have been developed at the international level to lower these barriers, such as homogenization of national legislations, donations and vaccine banks. Along decades-old inter-state cooperation, many new forms of Public-Private partnerships and hybrid forums are emerging, signaling a growing power of the private sector in the global governance. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), access to veterinary drugs is far from a given and remains an issue for many farmers. Drugs access is highly heterogeneous, little regulated and the market chains are increasingly segmented. The duality of the structure of the market chains has significant implications for the strategies aiming at controlling AMR at global level. Many of them emphasize the need to reduce the use of antibiotics at farm levels, without embracing this duality within countries. These strategies need to take to take into account the diversity of the conditions of access and use of drugs. Policies aimed at regulating the risks associated with the use of some drugs, especially antimicrobials, should not only focus on end users, farmers and veterinarians, but also encompass the actors that influence the flow of these compounds.
Upoważnienie do przetwarzania danych osobowych
Authors: Fajgielski Paweł
Published: November 2020

W artykule została omówiona problematyka upoważnień do przetwarzania danych osobowych w świetle przepisów ogólnego rozporządzenia o ochronie danych osobowych oraz krajowych przepisów szczególnych. Przedstawiono genezę wprowadzenia obowiązku nadawania upoważnień w poprzednio obowiązujących przepisach krajowych, zaprezentowano wykładnię obecnie obowiązujących przepisów dotyczących przetwarzania danych osobowych pod nadzorem i zgodnie z instrukcjami administratora oraz ukazano wyniki analiz dotyczących krajowych przepisów szczególnych nakładających obowiązek nadawania upoważnień.
The Christological controversy between Nestorius of Constantinople and Cyril of Alexandria
Authors: Artemi Eirini
Published: November 2020

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Sens życia w ocenie Ojców Apostolskich
Authors: Czyżewski Bogdan
Published: November 2020

The issue connected with sense of life appears in the works of the Apostolic Fathers not only as a main subject, but also not occasionally. They used the motif of two roads to show the sense of behavior on the earth, according to the God’s commandments and his will. They do not condemn the earthly world but deeds, which lead people to death. Even in the face of his close martyrdom, they saw a clear aim: life on the earth is important, because it leads to God. The Apostolic Fathers tell also the truth connected with eternal life and hope to be used from the dead, which will take place after death. The sense of our life is – it leads a man to the resurrection.
Marek Gnostyk, Kain i fałszerze prawdy. Wątek ojcostwa szatana w polemikach antyheretyckich II wieku
Authors: Dekert Tomasz
Published: November 2020

One of the polemical tools used by the 2nd century Christian authors in dis­putes with the heretics is to define them as „children of Satan” (or, in reverse, identifying Satan as their „father”). According to the author of this text, this is by no means empty invective, but polisemic category, whose polemical force re­quires decoding. The purpose of this paper is to hypothesize about its sources in the hermeneutic tradition and its importance as an “argument” used against ideological adversaries. The reconstruction of these dimensions will be made on the basis of the speech against Mark the Gnostic which was delivered by an un­known (probably Asiatic) presbyter and preserved in the first book of Adversus haereses (15.6) of Irenaeus of Lyons. In the opinion of the author of this paper, naming heretics as children of Satan has its source in the targumic and midrashic interpretation of Gen 4.1, according to which Cain was not the child of Adam but of the Satan-serpent. If this intuition is correct, the polemical force of this phrase would lie in the stock of the negative associations, anchored in the myth of Cain – fratricide, who shared murderous intent with his father, satan.
Wydania krytyczne, czas powstania i autorzy starożytnych "Żywotów" św. Teodora Studyty. Jego curriculum vitae w oparciu o "Żywot A"
Authors: Dybski Henryk
Published: November 2020

The article states that the four ancient Greek lives (A, B, C, D) contain exten­sive information about the life and activity of St. Theodore of Studios (759-826). The oldest one is Vita S. Theodori Studitae B which was published in 1853 by A. Mai. The document was written in c. 868 and its author was probably a monk Michael or another ascetic who lived in the Studios Monastery in Constantinople; Vita A, which is an extended version of Vita B, was published in 1696. His author was Theodore Daphnopates, who lived in the first half of the 10th century. Vita C (Vita S. Theodori Studitae in codice Mosquensi musei Rumianzoviani No 520) was published in 1915, but it dates back to the 12th century and it is similar in its content to Vita S. Theodori Studitae A and B. Vita D (Codex Monacensis No 467) was not yet published.
Etyczno-antropologiczne aspekty aborcji w świetle klasycznej literatury Grecji i Rzymu
Authors: Kołosowski Tadeusz
Published: November 2020

In ancient Greece and Rome, though it considered that children constituted God’s blessing and the wealth of the man, and the sterility is fatality and the divine punishment, on the other hand one committed kills of children in the mother’s womb, and even killings from favour of eugenic children already born. Such position took up Plato and Aristotle, despite the view about the ani­mation of the foetus already in the mother’s womb. Stoics who thought that the foetus was only a part of the mother, they did not see the problem, to make the abortion in every moment the maternity period. The abortion was so executed, however to this practice accompanied also and the social condemnation which saw in the abortion the crime worthy of the divine punishment and human, and expression of this are works of Aeschylus, Cicero, Ovid and Juvenal.
Starożytny łaciński centon: próba przybliżenia na przykładzie „Centonu weselnego” Auzoniusza
Authors: Krynicka Tatiana
Published: November 2020

The term „cento” comes from the Latin cento, which means „a cloak made of patches,” „patchwork,” as the Greek does. Poems of Homer and Vergil were favorite sources for the ancient cento poets, who rearranged their frag­ments into totally different stories. The oldest preserved Latin cento is the tragedy „Medea” composed by Hosidius Geta from the fragments of Vergilian poetry circa 200 AD. We know, however, about other centos having been written before that date. Altogether, sixteen Virgilian and one Ovidian cento have been preserved. Thirteen of them, including the earliest and the latest of all extant Latin centos, are contained in the Codex called Salmasianus. Since the terminus ante quem for this manuscript is 534 AD, we assume that all preserved centos have been written between 200 AD, the broadly acknowledge date for Medea, and 534 AD. Ancient Virgilian centos mainly deal with well-known classical myths (8 of 13). Four of them have Christian themes, two treat trivial matters of everyday life, two are wedding-poems. The involvement of Decimus Ausonius Magnus (ca 310-394), a renowned teacher, rhetorician and poet, with the cento is not limited to being the author of a Virgilian cento, which he composed as a response to a similar poem by the Emperor Valentinian I (321-375). Ausonius is the only ancient author we know to have described cento in more detail and to have laid down the rules of the genre. In the introductory letter to the Cento nuptialis, addressed to his friend Axius Paulus, Ausonius maintains that verses of an original text, taken over to the cento, may be divided at any of the caesurae which occur in hexameter. No section longer than one line and a half should be taken over. The quotation may not be changed, although its meaning may change according to the new context. Ausonius compares activity of the cento poets to playing the game of stomachion. Doing so he emphasizes unity within cento and its playfulness as the particularly important traits of the genre. Ancient authors usually followed the technical rules put forth by Ausonius, although not all of them would have agreed with him about the similarity between writing a cento and playing a game. While some twentieth century scholars had treated cento with undeserved contempt, the research of the last decades has given it its honour back. Centos still require our attention, especially that, through their analysis, we may try to obtain a more faithful portrait of the well educated ancient reader. This reader knew his Virgil by heart, worshipped Virgil as the divinely inspired prince of Latin poetry, and preferred Virgil’s words to his own when he ventured to describe his world.
Terminologia trynitarna w "Expositio in canticum canticorum" Apponiusza (księgi I-III)
Authors: Lach-Bartlik Ludmiła
Published: November 2020

Although Apponius’ Expositio in Canticum Canticorum refers directly to one of the books of the Old Testament, by dint of the allegorical exegesis used by it’s author, we can find there many New Testament subjects and theological problems. It also contains knowledge about the Holy Trinity. In the article there were used quotations about the Holy Trinity (from books I-III), one can find either the very noun “Trinity” (Trinitas) or individual Persons in the Holy Trinity: the Father, the Son and the Spirit, yet having relations with each other. In the first part of the article there were analyzed attributes, which are used by Apponius to describe the nature of the Holy Trinity: inseparabilis, individua, coaeterna Trinitas. The speci­fied attributes of the Holy Trinity get to the core of the Christian dogma about God and combine with the faith and baptism. God is one, indivisible, acting with a one divine power, but eternally existing in three Persons. In the second part of the article, the relations occurring in the Trinity were presented. Apponius’ Trinitas is the three Persons in God: the Father, the Son, and the Spirit. The Persons in the Trinity are in two kinds of relations: occurring between the Persons of the Holy Trinity (the immanent Trinity) and going beyond the Trinity into the world and human beings (the economic Trinity). Apponius using the language of symbols, metaphors and analogies, reminds the fundamental truths about God. By descrip­tion of the attributes of the Holy Trinity he emphasizes the unity of God, and by the description of the relations – the trinity of the Persons.
Natura ludzka jako zagubiona owca w nauczaniu Ojców Kościoła
Authors: Przyszychowska Marta
Published: November 2020

It may seem that the main goal of the parable of the lost sheep (Mt 18, 12-14; Lk 15, 4-7) is to make us aware how much God loves sinners and how deeply He wants to regain them. The Fathers of the Church, of course, knew that kind of interpretation, nevertheless very early in history they started to apply a com­pletely different explanation to the lost and found sheep. Already in the 2nd cen­tury we can find the statement that the sheep is not a single sinner but the entire human nature, which got lost through the original sin committed by Adam and was found and renewed thanks to the incarnation of God’s Son. In the Antiquity, it was universally believed that human life had a common dimension. That belief was a great part of ancient philosophy as well as the biblical tradition. Some of the Fathers understood the communion even deeper than others as they imagined the humanity as a living organic entity. The concept of the ontological unity of human nature was developed mostly by three Fathers: Irenaeus (2nd century), Methodius of Olympus (died c. 311) and Gregory of Nyssa (died c. 394). All three of them used the parable of the lost sheep as an example that could explain this doctrine. Besides, two more Fathers, Origen and Ambrose of Milan, spoke about the unity of the humanity when they explained the parable of the lost sheep, though their interpretation of this unity is completely different. However all five Fathers have something in common, which allows me to compare their deliberations on the parable together.
"Pieśń nad Pieśniami" w interpretacji Aponiusza
Authors: Strękowski Stanisław
Published: November 2020

This article is the first attempt in Polish to present the main features of Apo­nius interpretation of the Song of Songs. For he was one of many authors who commented this book of the Old Testament, the content of which has always been a problem of interpretation. In ancient Christian times there were two exegetical currents: the literal and allegorical. Aponius falls within this second trend but brings individual and original exegesis off. In love of the bridegroom and the bride seems to see the symbol of love of the divine nature to human nature in the mystery of the Incarnation of the Son of God. By Aponius God himself comes through the Incarnation of the Word of the Father for his vineyard, which is the people of Israel, and through the precious seedlings originating from it and by the apostles, is revealed to the whole world, and through the seed of faith sown in individual peoples, creates a separate vineyards and offers the bride to the lavish use of the specific, unique fruits of welfare, to a shared joy in the vineyards.
Ojcowie Kościoła wobec bogactwa kościołów i przepychu liturgii. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Szczur Piotr
Published: November 2020

Examination of the Church Fathers’ teachings shows up a particular paradox. On the one hand they frequently required their listeners (or readers) to practise austerity, humility and poverty, since, as they explained practising these virtues was the easiest means of gaining the kingdom of heaven. However, on the over hand, they voiced these appeals in richly decorated churches furnished with price­less items, often made of gold or silver and decorated with precious jewels. For this reason, in the following work we undertook to attempt to answer the question as to why the Church Fathers did not condemn the magnificence of churches and expressed approval of the pomp and splendour of liturgy while at the same time decidedly opposing the ostentations excesses of the faithful and appealed for per­forming acts of charity. The analyses presented show that the Church Fathers simply assumed that there is nothing unworthy in using wealth to praise God. At the root of the views lies theology, which explains that the magnificence of churches will help the faith­ful to discern the spiritual reality present behind the expensive decorations and show the value of Christian worship and make present the splendour of heavenly liturgy. However, all the expensive decorations were perceived by them as unsuit­able for the sinful body since they did not serve the cause of brotherly love but only satisfied one’s own vanity. In the context of widely understood good works, the funding of expensive decorations and valuable equipment for churches always had only a secondary importance for the Church Fathers. For them, the undertak­ing of charitable deeds, as well as a concern for spiritual good, was more impor­tant than the external beauty of the Church, whose essence was not the precious ornaments, but the pure and unblemished soul of its members. The main value of gold, was perceived by the Church Fathers as a means of helping the poor. However, they acknowledged its symbolic meaning and its power to transpose the faithful into the sphere of heavenly reality. Allocating money for decoration of churches and the splendour of liturgy were thus seen as a certain good even if universally it was regarded as a relative good.
Związek między chrystologią a teorią praw natury w traktacie Euzebiusza z Cezarei "Przeciwko Hieroklesowi"
Authors: Tondera Adam
Published: November 2020

The apologetic treatise Against Hierocles is a polemical reply of Eusebius of Caesarea to an antichristian work of Sossianus Hierocles who drew a comparison between Apollonius of Tyana and Christ. The philosophical aspect of the Euse­bius’ polemics contains his critique of the image of Apollonius as a „divine man” in the Philostratus’ The Life of Apollonius of Tyana. Eusebius negates the alleged divinity of the hero of Philostratus on the ground of the providential conception of the world, according to which human nature, in virtue of the order established by the Providence, is not able to rise to divine because of its limits. An approach of both natures is possible solely through a mission of a being that belongs to the heavenly sphere and is illuminated and sent by God. Only the envoy of heavens, who brings the salvation to the whole human race and leaves „the effects of eter­nal divinity” to people, can be really considered divine.
Ewangelia według Bazylidesa (CPG 1899: Hippolytus Romanus, Refutatio omnium haeresium VII 20, 1 - 27, 13; X 14, 1-10)
Authors: Osek Ewa
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Św. Beda Wielebny, Brytania – położenie, jej podbój i nawrócenie (Beda Venerabilis, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum I 1-5, CPL 1375)
Authors: Salamonowicz-Górska Iwonna , Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Ksiądz profesor Wincenty Wilhelm Myszor
Authors: Lach-Bartlik Ludmiła
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Conocimiento en ciencias básicas: concepciones docentes y estudiantiles en programas de ciencias de la salud1
Authors: Luis Alberto Montenegro Mora  , María Alejandra Narváez Gómez  , Zulman Estela Muñoz Burbano  , Karen Vanessa Muñoz Chamorro  , Cristian Javier Fong Reales
Published: November 2020

La investigación sobre las concepciones que tienen docentes y estudiantesde los programas de ciencias de la salud sobre el conocimiento en cienciasbásicas tiene como objetivo general determinar las concepciones sobrela aplicabilidad de los conocimientos de ciencias básicas preclínicasen las prácticas de los estudiantes y docentes de los programas delas facultades de ciencias de la salud de dos universidades en Pasto(Nariño, Colombia), para lo cual se propone identificar los elementosinstitucionales sobre la enseñanza y aprendizaje de los conocimientosde ciencias básicas preclínicas; caracterizar las concepciones sobreconocimiento de ciencias básicas; asimismo, determinar las distanciasy proximidades de las concepciones de los conocimientos de cienciasbásicas preclínicas en los sujetos de estudio; relacionar el conocimientoadquirido en cursos de ciencias básicas preclínicas con la prácticaprofesional; y finalmente, proponer lineamientos didácticos para eldesarrollo de prácticas clínicas y profesionales, así como también,una propuesta académica de educación continua para docentes de lasciencias de la salud. A nivel metodológico se emplea un paradigmamixto con enfoque empirista deductivo de tipo explicativo-descriptivo,el cual se formaliza en dos fases bajo el conocido Modelo de Variabilidadde las Investigaciones Educativas de Padrón.
Desarrollo de la competencia axiológica corporal en la enseñanza de la Educación física
Authors: Helen Stefanía Criollo Criollo  , Naira Ximena Jaramillo Rojas  , María Victoria Villacrez Oliva
Published: November 2020

Las estrategias pedagógicas en la labor del maestro son indispensables para el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación, el cual debe orientarse desde el modelo pedagógico institucional, como carta de navegación pedagógica. Este proceso investigativo buscó desarrollar la competencia axiológica corporal en la enseñanza de la Educación Física e identificar características de la competencia axiológica corporal (el cuidado de sí y la interacción social), para así diseñar e implementar una propuesta pedagógica que fortalezca esta competencia y, finalmente, determinar los alcances obtenidos en el desarrollo de la propuesta pedagógica en los estudiantes de grado 1-4. El diseño metodológico de la investigación se planteó desde un paradigma cualitativo de enfoque crítico social y tipo investigación acción. Se tomó como unidad de análisis a 104 estudiantes de grado primero de básica primaria y cuatro docentes; como unidad de trabajo, 26 estudiantes y un docente de la Institución Educativa Municipal Luis Delfín Insuasty Rodríguez. Como técnicas de recolección de información se utilizó, entrevista y observación participante.
Peningkatan Kinerja Guru melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Example Non Example Pada Mata Pelajaran Di Sekolah Menegah Kejuruan
Authors: Mahfuz
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran kepada Siswa melalui pemberian Metode Pembelajaran Example Non Example di SMKN 1 Nunukan. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah dengan melibatkan 5 Guru Kelas, Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, dokumentasi dan instrumen penilaian, yaitu Penilaian Rencana   Pelaksanaan   Pembelajaran   (RPP),   Instrumen   Penilaian   Kemampuan   Merencanakan Pembelajaran,   dan   Instrumen   Penilaian   Kemampuan   Melaksanakan   Pembelajaran,   Evaluasi, Tindak   Lanjut. Teknik analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses bimbingan yang dilakukan secara berlanjut dapat meningkatkan kemampuan Guru dalam menggunakan model pembelajaran Example non example ditandai dari adanya peningkatan persentase pada siklus 1 sebesar 63% Berada pada kategori sedang, pada siklus ke II menjadi 96% dengan lategori tinggi, Hasil untuk keberhasilan guru menerapkan metode pembelajaran example non example dilihat dari hasil KKM siswa dimana pada prasiklus 47% (25 siswa) cukup memenuhi KKM  pada siklus I dan, pada siklus II pencapaian ketuntasa siswa 95% (29 siswa) juga memenuhi KKM
HOW THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC DETERMINED THE AMPLITUDE OF CONSPIRACY THEORIES
Authors: Babii Alexandra-Niculina
Published: November 2020

In difficult situations as covid-19 crisis, people try to find explanations in order for their mind not to be in an alert state anymore. The new pandemic did not spread only the SARS-COV-2 virus, but also it spread a lot of misinformation and disinformation, a lot of fake news and plenty of conspiracy theories. Even if before covid-19 there were this kind of theories in which some people strongly believed, after the start of the pandemic, the covid-19 conspiracy theories increased and also they determined harmful actions in the society. This paper presents the most popular conspiracy theories and what are their common ground. Most of the theories are not new, they are just updated and created based on instant connections between new events. This study presents a literature revew on different explanations on why the covid-19 conspiracy theories are more popular. It takes into consideration lack of critical thinking together with the biased minds and presents cognitive dissonance as a posible cause. At the same time, the fear of the unknown at high intensity influenced the belief in these theories. The lockdown during the pandemic determined plenty of people to spend more time online which determined the rise of misleading information. It cannot be denied that the bad management of some authorities had some influence. In the end, some conspiracy believers have some mental models already formed that are fertile ground for these theories. What can be a solution for this phenomenon to decrease?
INITIAL STEP OF SPECIALIZED CORPORA BUILDING: CLEANING PROCEDURES
Authors: Yakubson Vera , Zakharov Victor
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the specialized corpora building, specifically academic language corpus in the biotechnology field. Being a part of larger research devoted to creation and usage of specialized parallel corpus, this piece aims to analyze the initial step of corpus building. Our main research question was what procedures we need to implement to the texts before using them to develop the corpus. Analysis of previous research showed the significant quantity of papers devoted to corpora creation, including academic specialized corpora. Different sides of the process were analyzed in these researches, including the types of texts used, the principles of crawling, the recommended length of texts etc. As to the text processing for the needs of corpora creation, only the linguistic annotation issues were examined earlier. At the same time, the preliminary cleaning of texts before their usage in corpora may have significant influence on the corpus quality and its utility for the linguistic research. In this paper, we considered three small corpora derived from the same set of academic texts in the biotechnology field: “raw” corpus without any preliminary cleaning and two corpora with different level of cleaning. Using different Sketch Engine tools, we analyzed these corpora from the position of their future users, predominantly as sources for academic wordlists and specialized multi-word units. The conducted research showed very little difference between two cleaned corpora, meaning that only basic cleaning procedures such as removal of reference lists are can be useful in corpora design. At the same time, we found a significant difference between raw and cleaned corpora and argue that this difference can affect the quality of wordlists and multi-word terms extraction, therefore these cleaning procedures are meaningful. The main limitation of the study is that all texts were taken from the unique source, so the conclusions could be affected by this specific journal’s peculiarities. Therefore, the future work should be the verification of results on different text collections