bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thioguanine treatment in psoriasis
Authors: Molin L , Thomsen K.
Published: August 2023

The efficacy of thioguanine in the treatment of severe cases of psoriasis is demonstrated. This treatment is valuable in selected cases of severe psoriasis in whom other treatment is ineffective or impossible due to side effects. The effect of thioguanine on psoriasis lesions appears to run parallel with depression of the bone marrow. The bone marrow toxicity has to be considered. Patients previously treated with methotrexate are very sensitive to thioguanine and close follow up is mandatory with adjustment of the thioguanine dose according to blood white cell and thrombocyte levels.
Peranan Badan Musyawarah Nagari dalam Penyaluran Aspirasi Masyarakat
Authors: Evandri Silvia , Muchtar Henni , Fatmariza Fatmariza , Bakhtiar Yusnanik
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the role of the Bamus in Nagari Pasir Talang as a channel for community aspirations. This type of research is qualitative with phenomenological methods. Presentation of data is described in the form of descriptive descriptions. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Research informants consisted of the Head of the Bamus and its members, village assistants, Wali Nagari office staff, community leaders and the Nagari Pasir Talang community. Data analysis techniques were carried out with the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results showed that the Bamus in Nagari Pasir Talang had not carried out their role optimally. This is due to the obstacles faced by the Bamus in carrying out its role. One of the main factors constraining the sub-optimal role of the Bamus in Nagari Pasir Talang is that the Bamus has not carried out its main duties and functions within the community. This has an impact on development in Nagari Pasir Talang which tends to be slow. The existence of the Bamus in Nagari Pasir Talang has not fully played an optimal role and has not had a significant developmental impact on the progress of the Nagari.
Tantangan Orang Tua dalam Membimbing Anak Selama Belajar Daring
Authors: Ningsih Ameliana Agustia , Fatmariza Fatmariza , Ananda Azwar , Montessori Maria
Published: August 2023

This study aims to address the challenges faced by parents and strategies to overcome the difficulties associated with online learning. The motivation for this research comes from the increasing number of parents encountering obstacles in guiding their children's education amidst the prevalence of online learning, particularly during the pandemic. Employing a qualitative approach, this study utilizes a case study method to investigate the difficulties encountered by parents and explore potential solutions. Informant selection is conducted through purposive sampling, involving both parents and teachers. Primary data is collected through various means such as observation, interviews, and documentation studies. To ensure data validity, triangulation is employed, and data analysis encompasses techniques such as data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings reveal that parents employ several strategies to mitigate online learning challenges, including accompanying and supervising their children, creating a conducive study environment, providing regular reminders for completing tasks, sourcing supplementary learning materials, maintaining communication with teachers, balancing household responsibilities with assisting children, and optimizing teaching opportunities. While this research primarily focuses on parents' perspectives, it acknowledges that children also face difficulties during online learning.
Kuliah Kerja Nyata Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Padang Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Koto Malintang Tanjung Raya Kabupaten Agam
Authors: Kharimah Aqlaqul , Putra Ideal , Fatmariza Fatmariza , Indrawadi Junaidi
Published: August 2023

This study examines the implementation of the Community Service (KKN) program by students from the University of Negeri Padang (UNP) during the period of 2021-2022. The research focuses on the KKN activities conducted in Koto Malintang, Agam District, amid the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation studies as data collection techniques. Triangulation was used to ensure the validity of the data. The findings of this research indicate that: 1) the KKN program in Koto Malintang involved providing educational initiatives to the community, specifically through technology training at the Aisyiyah Orphanage and monitoring progress through a dedicated application, and 2) various obstacles were encountered during the implementation of KKN, including limited facilities and infrastructure, budget constraints, difficulties in mapping remote tourist attractions for research purposes, and the limitations on direct interaction between KKN students and the community due to the risk of virus transmission.
Peranan Pemerintah Nagari dalam Mengatasi Kemiskinan di Nagari Sisawah Kecamatan Sumpur Kudus Kabupaten Sijunjung
Authors: Nengsri Elda , Jamurin Jamurin , Rahmat Indra
Published: August 2023

This study aims to elucidate the determinants of impoverished conditions and analyze the proactive role of the Nagari Government in mitigating destitution within Nagari Sisawah, situated in the Sumpur Kudus District of Sijunjung Regency. Employing a qualitative approach with descriptive techniques, this research centers on key participants including Nagari leaders, officials, and the local community. The study's findings reveal that the origins of poverty within Nagari Sisawah encompass several factors, including insufficient economic returns from rubber cultivation for sustaining families, the repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic, and constrained employment prospects due to limited educational attainment. The Nagari government has made various efforts to overcome poverty, namely providing socialization and information on economic activities to the community, assisting the community in making proposals to obtain superior seeds and providing assistance to the community through various programs such as PKH and Direct Funding for the community.
Pemekaran Nagari: Transformasi Desa Adat di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Nishikawa Kei
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the changes and continuities in the structure and function of nagari, Minangkabau “traditional” village. Many scholars consider nagari as an autonomic “village republic” which was ruled by local leaders based on customary law. Even though nagari has been incorporated into the national administrative structure during colonial and post-independence of Indonesia, nagari is still regarded as the source of legitimacy on customary law. Especially in the 2000s, nagari has given more authority in the national legal system in Indonesia. In this article, I describe how nagari in Pesisir Selatan, West Sumatra is divided into smaller units. In order to get more budgets for village management from central government, local leaders and village heads chose to divide the nagari into smaller villages administratively but maintained large nagari informally as a single community bound by customary law. Interestingly, the new administrative villages are also called “nagari” and are given authority on customary law. This created a situation in which formal smaller but administrative nagari co-exists with larger yet informal nagari. What are the consequences of this dualism? By analyzing the process of nagari division, I describe how several different notions of “nagari” have developed in one village.
Determining pressure losses in flushing pipelines by two-phase flow
Authors: Lebedeva Elena Gennad'evna
Published: August 2023

A stream of water is used in flushing ship systems and their elements. To increase the efficiency of the process, a two-phase pulsating flow can be used. This method of flushing intensification brings tangible results, but currently has a number of unsolved problems. One of these problems is the question related to the determination of energy costs for the transportation of a two-phase mixture. The energy costs for transporting the flow depend on the magnitude of pressure losses due to friction and on the orientation of the pipeline sections in space. An attempt was made to estimate the pressure loss during transportation of a mixture of water and air through a flushed pipeline. The main theoretical dependencies are determined: mixture density, velocities of various phases of the flow, volumetric and mass flow rates, mixture flow rate on volumetric and mass water-air content. A theoretical substantiation is given for determining the pressure loss during the movement of a two-phase flushing medium depending on the concentration of the gas (air) phase in the mixture. When determining pressure losses, a homogeneous model of a two-phase mixture was used as the most suitable for the flushing mode with a two-phase pulsating flow. The main calculated dependences for calculating the pressure losses for the transport of a two-phase mixture in horizontal and vertical sections of pipelines of constant internal diameter are determined. The dependence of pressure losses on gas content in horizontal and vertical sections of pipelines has been established. An assessment of the pressure loss during flushing with a two-phase flow in differently oriented sections of ship pipelines was carried out in order to determine the further effectiveness of this flushing method.
Medicina tradicional mexicana: los objetivos y las formas de estudiarla
Authors: Menéndez Eduardo L.
Published: August 2023

En este texto se enumeran y analizan los objetivos de los estudios sobre la medicina tradicional mexicana, así como las diferentes formas de estudiarla entre finales de 1930 y la actualidad. Se establecen los objetivos de dichos estudios y los cambios generados en los mismos. Asimismo, se describen y analizan las principales características de las formas de estudiarla que, pese a los cambios, se han mantenido como las dominantes a través del lapso estudiado.
La influenza de 1918 en Jalisco: una visión desde El Informador
Authors: Jiménez Marce Rogelio
Published: August 2023

En una época como la nuestra, agobiada por una pandemia que parece no tener fin, resulta de particular importancia acercarse al estudio histórico de las enfermedades, epidemias y pandemias que afectan los diversos órdenes de vida de las sociedades. Aunque la pandemia de influenza de 1918 ha sido objeto de estudio de diferentes disciplinas, no se ha prestado mucha atención a la manera en que los periódicos informaron sobre el desarrollo de la enfermedad; es decir, de qué manera se difundieron las noticias del acontecimiento. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es mostrar, a través del análisis de los artículos publicados en El Informador, diario editado en Guadalajara (Jalisco), qué tipo de información se publicaba, la manera en la que las autoridades de Jalisco enfrentaron la problemática sanitaria y qué estrategias utilizaron, qué resultados obtuvieron, cómo reaccionó la población ante la situación sanitaria y cuál fue su impacto en el territorio jalisciense. Pese a los límites de la fuente periodística en cuanto a datos concretos sobre la morbilidad y mortalidad de la epidemia, constituye una ventana privilegiada para observar las actividades emprendidas por las autoridades estatales, municipales y sanitarias, así como las reacciones de la sociedad respecto a la problemática que se vivía.
PERBANDINGAN PROTEKSI TIANG PANCANG MENGGUNAKAN FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER DAN HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
Authors: Hutapea Philbert Manuel Roosevelt , Sutandi Arianti
Published: August 2023

Piles are a very important foundation for port docks. Like steel and reinforced concrete foundations, they have a limited service life when used in harsh marine environments. Chemical and biological factors are problems that often arise in dock piles. Chemical factors such as corrosion and biological factors such as the growth of marine life. For this reason, pile protection is needed such as High Density Polyethylene jacket pile dan Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite as pile protectors, so that the piles can function according to their design life. This research was conducted to determine the comparison between Fiber Reinforced Polymer and High Density Polyethylene jacket pile composites in terms of execution time, implementation costs, and long term conditions. In terms of execution time, the installation of Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites is faster than High Density Polyethylene jacket piles, while in terms of implementation costs, Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites cost 6.4% more than High Density Polyethylene. Lastly, in terms of conditions in the field, Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite has not found any damage in a period of 5 years, while High Density Polyethylene jacket pile has found non-technical damage in a period of 8 years and 10 years.
Abstrak
Tiang pancang merupakan suatu fondasi yang sangat penting bagi dermaga pelabuhan. Seperti fondasi baja dan beton bertulang, memiliki umur pemakaian yang terbatas bila digunakan di lingkungan laut yang keras. Faktor kimia dan biologis merupakan permasalahan yang sering timbul pada tiang pancang dermaga. Faktor kimia seperti korosi dan faktor biologis seperti tumbuhnya biota laut. Untuk itu diperlukan proteksi tiang pancang seperti High Density Polyethylene jacket pile dan Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite sebagai pelindung tiang pancang, sehingga tiang pancang dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan umur desainnnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan antara Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite dan High Density Polyethylene jacket pile dari segi waktu pelaksanaan, biaya pelaksanaan, serta kondisi pada jangka waktu yang lama. Dari segi waktu pelaksanaan, pemasangan Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan High Density Polyethylene jacket pile sedangkan dari segi biaya pelaksanaan, Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite memiliki biaya yang lebih besar 6,4% dibandingkan dengan High Density Polyethylene. Dan dari segi kondisi di lapangan, Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite belum ditemukan adanya kerusakan pada jangka waktu 5 tahun, sedangkan High Density Polyethylene jacket pile sudah ditemukan kerusakan secara non-teknis pada jangka waktu 8 tahun dan 10 tahun.
Increasing Amounts of Secondary Metabolites and Medicinal Compounds in Callus Culture of Moringa Oleifera (Lam.) Using Abiotic Elicitors
Authors: Abed Ashwaq S. , Ismail Eman Noaman , Majeed Duha M. , Al-Jibouri Abedaljasim M. Jasim
Published: August 2023

Moringa oleifera Lam. tree has often been considered a medicinal and economical plant for its nutritional and medicinal properties. This study is intended to use plant tissue culture and elicitation technologies to increase secondary metabolites in the callus cultures of the M. oleifera. Young nodal segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). A combination of 1.5 mg/l NAA plus 0.5 mg/l TDZ resulted in a high callusing rate (70%) with the largest size. Various concentrations of Salicylic acid (SA) and Methyl jasmonate (MeJa) were individually added to the growth medium to evaluate their impact on the biomass of callus cultures, DPPH antioxidant activity, and accumulation of some flavonoids. Results indicated that all elicitors doses reduced weights and growth index of callus. While DPPH assay recorded high significant values at high concentrations of SA and MeJa compared to other treatments. HPLC analysis revealed that every concentration of SA and MeJa used led to rising flavonoids content, including Baicalin, Rutin, Hesperidin, Rosmarinic acid, Quercitrin, Quercetin, and Kaempferol. It should be noted that 20 mg/l MeJa gave the highest flavonoid content compared to the control and other treatments.  In conclusion, the in vitro elicitation by SA or MeJa can improve beneficial biological substances like flavonoids and other antioxidant compounds in Moringa callus cultures.
Photocatalytic Decolorization of Crystal Violate Dye Solution by ZnO/MWCNT Nanocomposite
Authors: Oda Amjed M. , Khudheyer Fadhel Y , Obaid Ehab K.
Published: August 2023

By extracting crystal violate dye (CV) from its aqueous solution, the photocatalytic decolorization performance of ZnO/MWCNT nanocomposite was evaluated. The nanocomposite was prepared by precipitation of ZnO and incorporates on the surface of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT). ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol gel process with MWCNT acting as a template. They were then analyzed by XRD, SEM, and TEM, which revealed how the shape of the spherical nano ZnO interacts with the point of zero charge (pzc), which allows us to see the physical attributes. In the dipping photoreactor, which included a slurry of dye solution and ZnO/MWCNT nanocomposite, the effectiveness of decolorization was assessed. The photodecolorization was studied for CV dye in aqueous solution at different conditions: The effect of time, weight of catalyst, concentration of dye, temperature, the initial pH of dye solution and addition of S2O82- to show the optimum condition of this process. The main results were the synthesis of incorporated ZnO on MWCNT surface with 10-20 nm with high photodecolorization against CV dye. Full decolorization reached at 90 min and 89.8% decolorization at the half time of reaction. ZnO/MWCNT weight of 0.06 gm per 100 mL was optimum for photodecolorization. The photocatalytic reaction was more efficient in the deceasing of CV concentration and obeys the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic, while the photodecolorization was not less than 95% in pH range 6-10.Also, the photocatalytic reaction was effected in the presence of S2O82-, where the photodecolorization was more efficient.
The use of ChatGPT as a learning tool to improve foreign language writing in a multilingual and multicultural classroom
Authors: Athanassopoulos Stavros , Manoli Polyxeni , Gouvi Maria , Lavidas Konstantinos , Komis Vassilis
Published: August 2023

The association of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and education has attracted researchers’ attention, as it is very beneficial for learners affecting the whole teaching procedure. ChatGPT, an AI language model developed by OpenAI and based on the Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT)-3.5 architecture, though newly introduced in November 2022, became very popular even within the first two months. Researchers have already explored and acknowledged the affordances of ChatGPT for language learning and teaching. In this context, the study aimed to examine the effectiveness of ChatGPT as a feedback tool on foreign language writing, especially for socially vulnerable populations, such as refugees/migrants, who face extra language difficulties. The study was conducted in a Junior High School (Gymnasium) classroom in an urban city in south Greece, which consisted of 8 students with a migrant/refugee background aged 15 years old who were attending German as a foreign language learning. The focus of the study was to analyze how the use of ChatGPT could improve foreign language writing in terms of vocabulary and grammar. After the students' first writing attempt, we asked ChatGPT to enhance the vocabulary and grammar of the texts. In contrast, the students received an improved version in terms of language and grammar, and then, they were asked to produce another writing piece of work on a similar topic to their first attempt. The study results indicated an increase in the total number of words, the unique words and the average word number per sentence in the improved version of their work. Overall, the study results were promising, indicating that ChatGPT could act as a language learning tool and support the teaching procedure, especially for students with a refugee/migrant background. However, further research is needed to investigate its use and effectiveness in diverse contexts.
Klasifikasi Jenis Ikan Laut K-Nearest Neighbor Berdasarkan Ekstraksi Ciri 2-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Al Iman Yusraka Dimas , Isnanto R Rizal , Nurhayati Oky Dwi
Published: August 2023

Indonesia adalah suatu negara kepulaun yang memiliki 2/3 wilayah lautan, secara sektor indonesia memiliki potensi pangan yang sangan besar dalam sektor perikanan. Ikan di dunia yang berhasil diuraikan sebanyak 27.000 terutama paling banyak dilaut indonesai. Ikan adalah salah satu keanekaragaman biologi yang menyusun ekosistem bahari. Ikan mempunyai bentuk serta ukuran eksklusif yang berbeda jenis yang satu dangan jenis yang lain. Pengenalan spesies ikan umumnya dilakukan secara manual dengan pengamatan mata. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengenali spesies ikan laut. 2-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (2D-LDA) dipergunakan untuk ekstraksi ciri dan K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) dipergunakan untuk klasifikasi jenis ikan laut. Fitur 2-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (2D-LDA) yang diekstraksi untuk menghasilkan dua matrik baru yaitu matrik score. Klasifikasi menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) dengan membandingkan nilai k-n. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 jenis ikan laut, dengan total data latih 800 gambar dan data uji 160 gambar. Hasil percobaan tebaik diperoleh k-9 dengan tingkat akurasi terbaik sebesar 93,12%, presisi 82,05%, recall 100%, dan F-1 score 90,14%.AbstractIndonesia is an archipelagic country which has 2/3 of the sea area, in terms of sector Indonesia has enormous food potential in the fisheries sector. There are 27,000 fish in the world that have been successfully described, especially in the Indonesian seas. Fish is one of the biological diversity that makes up the marine ecosystem. Fish have specific shapes and sizes that differ from one type to another. The identification of fish species is generally done manually by eye observation. The purpose of this research is to identify marine fish species. 2-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (2D-LDA) is used for feature extraction and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) is used for classification of marine fish species. The 2-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (2D-LDA) features were extracted to produce two new matrices, namely the score matrix. The classification uses the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) method by comparing the k-n values. This study used 5 types of marine fish, with a total of 800 images of training data and 160 images of test data. The best experimental results were obtained by k-9 with the best accuracy rate of 93.12%, precision of 82.05%, recall of 100%, and F-1 score of 90.14%.
Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of a potential supra-detachment fault basin, Archaean Moodies Group (~3.22 Ga), central Barberton Greenstone Belt
Authors: Zametzer A. , Reimann S. , Heubeck C.E. , Thomsen T.B. , Serre S.H.
Published: August 2023

Greenstone belt dynamics are a key to understanding the formation and evolution of continental crust but the scarcity, commonly poor exposure, strong deformation, and high metamorphic grades of many Archaean supracrustal rocks preserved in greenstone belts often hinder geological insights. Exceptionally, the largely siliciclastic Palaeoarchaean (ca. 3.22 Ga) Moodies Group, uppermost unit of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB) in South Africa and Eswatini, allows a detailed understanding of regional depositional processes and stratigraphic architecture due to its low degree of deformation, considerable thickness, generally good exposure, and diverse sedimentary facies. We here investigate the Powerline Road Syncline (PRS) and the adjacent Maid-of-the-Mists Syncline (MMS), two east-west-trending, tightly to isoclinally folded, locally northwardly overturned synclines in Moodies Group strata in the central BGB. The northern and southeastern margins of the PRS and the southern to southwestern margin of MMS are bounded by the bedding-parallel 24-Hour-Camp Fault. Along this fault, Moodies Group strata and stratigraphically underlying units of the Auber Villiers Formation of the upper Fig Tree Group structurally overlie lower Fig Tree strata above Onverwacht Group strata. Stratigraphic architecture and palaeocurrent analysis of Moodies Group strata in both synclines document a northeastward (depositionally downdip) facies transition from proximal fan delta conglomerates to fluvial- to coastal-plain and estuarine sandstones in which thick foresets likely represent subtidal channel fills. The overall deepening- and fining-upward trend in this sequence, corresponding to an increasing mineralogical maturity of sandstones, is partially obscured by local hydrothermal alteration which was contemporaneous with sedimentation, minor volcanism, and sill intrusion. Moodies Group conglomerates and sandstones were largely shed from the rising Onverwacht Anticline to the southwest. Lithologies and stratigraphy in the PRS-MMS region closely resemble strata of the lower Moodies Group in the Sadddleback Syncline, located nearby to the north but across the Inyoka Fault. If the 24-Hour-Camp Fault was part of a group of extensional faults accompanying the rise of the Onverwacht Anticline and of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic plutons around the BGB margins at ca. 3 224 Ma, it would have acted as one of numerous basin-bounding normal faults during early Moodies time. This would place the deposition of Moodies Group strata in the PRS-MMS region in a supra-detachment fault environment which was subsequently tightly folded.
Boosting the Reactivity of Bis-lactones to Enable Step-Growth Polymerization at Room Temperature
Authors: Ximenis Marta , Monot Julien , Gabirondo Elena , Jeschke Janna , Martin-Vaca Blanca , Bourissou Didier , Sardon Haritz
Published: August 2023

The development of a circular model for plastics is a major challenge, with polyesters as primary targets. Lactones are key monomers thanks to ring-opening polymerization, but their use in step-growth polymerization has remained so far scarce and challenging. Herein we report a powerful bis-(γ-lactone) (γSL) that was efficiently prepared on gram scale from malonic acid by Pd-catalyzed cycloisomerization. The γ-exomethylene moieties and the spiro structure greatly enhance its reactivity towards ring-opening and enable step-growth polymerization to proceed in a controlled manner under mild conditions. Using diols, dithiols or diamines as comonomers, a variety of regioregular (AB)n copolymers with diverse linkages and functional groups (from oxo-ester, to β-thioether lactone and β-hydroxy-lactame) have been readily prepared. Reaction modeling and monitoring revealed the occurrence of an original trans-lactonization process following the first ring-opening of γSL. This peculiar reactivity opens the way to regioregular (ABAC)n terpolymers, as illustrated by successive step-growth polymerization of γSL with a diol and a diamine.
On the role of Water-as-Additive in Lithium Electrodeposition
Authors: Aarts Mark , Patnaik Sai Gourang , Van Roy Toon , Sergeant Stefanie , Debucquoy Maarten , Vereecken Philippe
Published: August 2023

Electroplating of flat and smooth lithium layers is key for batteries using metallic lithium as the anode, where a major failure mechanism is the self-enhancing uneven or ramified growth of lithium metal leading to capacity fading or even short-circuiting during cycling. In that regard we shed new light on an intriguing growth mode for electrodeposited lithium in this work, where lithium self-assembles in a compact columnar morphology. Such growth results in topographically smooth layers and a particular stripping behavior along the length of these nanorods, rather than from the top down. Here, we demonstrate the electroplating of smooth layers of columnar lithium using LiTFSI and LiClO4 salts, which rules out the commonly found explanation of a LiF interface layer directing growth. Rather, we find that the addition of water to these (non-hydrolising) electrolytes is key for the guided growth. We investigate its effect both during electrochemical formation (applied potentials > Li+/Li), and growth (applied potentials < Li+/Li), and observe that the presence of water is required during the whole process. We use a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) to study the process in-situ, and find that hydrogen is continuously generated. Notably, hydrogen is generally considered as a side-product in the LiF based mechanism, and we therefore suggest that the evolution of hydrogen is in fact the critical component for the directed growth. Such an explanation homogenizes our results with earlier reports and provides mechanistic insights for the role of water during lithium electrodeposition, which is invariably present in lithium metal batteries.
Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp3)−O Hydrogenolysis via a Remote Concerted Oxidative Addition and its Application to Degradation of a Bisphenol A-Based Epoxy Resin
Authors: Liao Yumeng , Takahashi Kohei , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: August 2023

In this work, we developed a nickel-catalyzed transfer hydrogenolysis of 1-aryloxy-3-amino-2-propanols, which is a model compound of amine-cured bisphenol A (BPA)-based epoxy resin. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the hydroxy group acts as the hydrogen donor to generate α-aryloxy ketone, which undergoes an unprecedented remote concerted oxidative addition of the C(sp3)−O bond as suggested by DFT calculation. Successful application of this method was demonstrated by the degradation of a diamine-cured BPA-based epoxy resin, where BPA was directly recovered from the resin.
Ion Transport and Inhibitor Binding by human NHE1: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Free Energy Calculations
Authors: El Salamouni Nehad , Buckley Benjamin , Lee Richmond , Ranson Marie , Kelso Michael , Yu Haibo
Published: August 2023

The human Na+/H+ exchanger one (hNHE1) plays a crucial role in maintaining intracellular pH by regulating the electroneutral exchange of a single intracellular H+ for one extracellular Na+ across the plasma membrane. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing ion transport and the binding of inhibitors is of importance in the development of anticancer therapeutics targeting hNHE1. In this context, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on the recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of outward and inward-facing conformations of hNHE1. These simulations allowed us to explore the dynamics of the protein, examine the ion- translocation pore and confirm that Asp267 is the ion-binding residue. Our free energy calculations suggest that Na+ and K+ bind similarly at the ion-binding site. Consequently, Na+ over K+ selectivity cannot be solely explained by differences in ion binding. Our MD simulations involving hNHE1 inhibitors (cariporide and amiloride analogues), showed maintained stable interactions with Asp267 and Glu346. Our study highlights the importance of the salt bridge between the positively charged acylguanidine moiety and Asp267, which appears to play a role in the competitive inhibitory mechanism for this class of inhibitors. Our computational study provides a detailed mechanistic interpretation of experimental data and serves the basis of future structure-based inhibitor design.
Minimizing the environmental impacts of plastic through eco-design
Authors: James Bryan , Ward Collin , Hahn Mark , Thorpe Steven , Reddy Christopher
Published: August 2023

While plastic pollution threatens ecosystems and human health, the use of plastic products continues to increase. Limiting its harm requires strategies when designing plastic products informed by the threats plastics pose to the environment. Thus, we developed a sustainability metric for the eco-design of plastic products with low environmental persistence and uncompromised performance. To do this, we integrated the environmental degradation rate of plastic into established material selection strategies, deriving material indices for environmental persistence. By comparing indices for the environmental impact of on-the-market plastics and proposed alternatives, we show that accounting for environmental persistence in design could translate to societal benefits of hundreds of millions of dollars for an individual consumer product. Our analysis identifies which materials deserve adoption and investment to create functional and less environmentally impactful products.
Multi- and Many-Objective Optimisation: Present and Future in de novo Drug Design
Authors: S. Angelo Jaqueline , A. Guedes Isabella , J. C. Barbosa Helio , E. Dardenne Laurent
Published: August 2023

de novo Drug Design (dnDD) aims to create new molecules that satisfy multiple conflicting objectives. Since several desired properties can be considered in the optimisation process, dnDD is naturally categorised as a many-objective optimisation problem (ManyOOP), where more than three objectives must be simultaneously optimised. However, a large number of objectives typically pose several challenges that affect the choice and the design of optimisation methodologies. Herein, we cover the application of multi- and many-objective optimisation methods, particularly those based on Evolutionary Computation and Machine Learning techniques, to enlighten their potential application in dnDD. Additionally, we comprehensively analyse how molecular properties used in the optimisation process are applied as either objectives or constraints to the problem. Finally, we discuss future research in many-objective optimisation for dnDD, highlighting two important possible impacts: i) its integration with the development of multi-target approaches to accelerate the discovery of innovative and more efficacious drug therapies and ii) its role as a catalyst for new developments in more fundamental and general methodological frameworks in the field.
ORDerly: Datasets and benchmarks for chemical reaction data
Authors: Wigh Daniel , Arrowsmith Joe , Pomberger Alexander , Felton Kobi , Lapkin Alexei
Published: August 2023

Machine learning has the potential to provide tremendous value to the life sciences by providing models that aid in the discovery of new molecules and reduce the time for new products to come to market. Chemical reactions play a significant role in these fields, but there is a lack of high-quality open-source chemical reaction datasets for training ML models. Herein, we present ORDerly, an open-source Python package for customizable and reproducible preparation of reaction data stored in accordance with the increasingly popular Open Reaction Database (ORD) schema. We use ORDerly to clean US patent data stored in ORD and generate datasets for forward prediction, retrosynthesis, as well as the first benchmark for reaction condition prediction. We train neural networks on datasets generated with ORDerly for condition prediction and show that datasets missing key cleaning steps can lead to silently overinflated performance metrics. Additionally, we train transformers for forward and retrosynthesis prediction and demonstrate how non-patent data can be used to evaluate model generalisation. By providing a customizable open-source solution for cleaning and preparing large chemical reaction data, ORDerly is poised to push forward the boundaries of machine learning applications in chemistry.
Seismic Architecture of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System in the Western United States from a Joint Inversion of Body- and Surface-wave Observations: Distribution of Partial Melt in the Upper Mantle
Authors: Byrnes Joseph , Gaherty James , Hopper Emily
Published: August 2023

Quantitative evaluation of the physical state of the upper mantle, including mapping temperature variations and the possible distribution of partial melt, requires accurately characterizing absolute seismic velocities near seismic discontinuities. We present a joint inversion for absolute but discontinuous models of shear-wave velocity (Vs) using 4 types of data: Rayleigh wave phases velocities, P-to-s receiver functions, S-to-p receiver functions, and Pn velocities. Application to the western United States clarifies where upper mantle discontinuities are lithosphere-asthenosphere boundaries (LAB) or mid-lithospheric discontinuities (MLD). Values of Vs below 4 km/s are observed below the LAB over much of the Basin and Range and below the edges of the Colorado Plateau; the current generation of experimentally based models for shear-wave velocity in the mantle cannot explain such low Vs without invoking the presence of melt. Large gradients of Vs below the LAB also require a gradient in melt-fraction. Nearly all volcanism of Pleistocene or younger age occurred where we infer the presence of melt below the LAB. Only the ultrapotassic Leucite Hills in the Wyoming Craton lie above an MLD. Here, the seismic constraints allow for the melting of phlogopite below the MLD.
JOGOS PEDAGÓGICOS COMO FERRAMENTA PARA ELUCIDAR AS PROPRIEDADES BÁSICAS DA MOLÉCULA DE DNA
Authors: Paula Vinícius Sabino de , Ferreira Daniela Cristina
Published: August 2023

O ensino de Genética é um grande desafio encontrado pelos professores de Biologia do Ensino Médio, pois depende de conceitos abstratos, elucidação de processos moleculares e interpretação de figuras planas. Com o propósito de trabalhar o lúdico e dinamizar o contexto da genética molecular, este trabalho teve como objetivo produzir e avaliar uma sequência didática investigativa fundamentada nos métodos de aprendizagem ativos, como a aprendizagem baseada em jogos e a utilização das tecnologias digitais de comunicação. Os processos metodológicos foram divididos em duas etapas complementares, a etapa 1 versa sobre a composição química dos ácidos nucleicos e na etapa 2, são abordados os processos de duplicação do DNA e a síntese de proteínas, com fases de problematização, sistematização, contextualização e conclusão. Nestas fases os estudantes aprenderam Genética Molecular, por meio de jogos digitais e ensino investigativo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola de rede pública no município de Nova Mutum/MT, com 44 estudantes matriculados no 3º Ano do Ensino Médio. A avaliação da sequência didática foi feita por 22 professores de Biologia que atuam na Ensino Médio. A análise dos resultados foi de caráter misto (qualitativa/quantitativa), sendo avaliado a utilização de quatro jogos abordando conteúdos de Genética Molecular. Os resultados pré e pós teste, identificaram índices satisfatórios na aprendizagem dos estudantes e bons índices na avaliação dos professores. Durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, pode-se observar o protagonismo dos estudantes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, o interesse e o entusiasmo deles pela genética.
IMPACTOS DA PANDEMIA NA EDUCAÇÃO - RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DAS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DOCENTES, RECORRENDO AO LETRAMENTO DIGITAL
Authors: Almeida Benivaldo Aparecido de , Maciel Cilene Maria Lima Antunes
Published: August 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as práticas pedagógicas dos professores, com relação à aprendizagem dos alunos, recorrendo ao letramento digital. Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa de dissertação. Apresenta-se um recorte, com dados parciais das entrevistas, que foram realizadas com docentes e alunos de turmas do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental I, com intuito de evidenciar o fazer pedagógico dos professores, diante do impacto da pandemia na educação. A metodologia utilizada tem abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório. Os instrumentos para a coleta de dados ocorreu através de observação in loco, entrevista seminiestruturada com três professoras pedagogas e questionário aplicado para nove alunos através de grupo focal, tendo como cenário da pesquisa três escolas públicas da rede estadual no 2º semestre de 2022, dando ênfase para a prática pedagógica das professoras com foco no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos. Dessa forma, a concepção de ensino por investigação visa desenvolver as habilidades e as competências dos alunos tornando-os protagonistas do próprio conhecimento. Os resultados apontam para a reflexão das práticas pedagógicas das professoras no tocante ao uso das ferramentas digitais, em sala de aula, como recurso pedagógico.
Asymptotic Significance Test on Financial Performance in Papua Province Government
Authors: Marbun Robert , Urip Transna Putra , Indahyani Rachmaeny
Published: August 2023

Purpose:  This study analyses the financial performance of Papua Province's regency and city administrations from 2015 to 2021 in terms of regional independence, dependency, and harmony.
 
Theoretical framework:  Every local government should consistently, somewhat, equitably, and democratically enhance the services it provides to the community. The effectiveness of controlling these potentials can also be used to gauge the local government's financial performance. The regional budget serves as the government's indicator for assessing its capacity to finance the execution of development initiatives.
 
Design/methodology/approach: Uses secondary archive data (APBD) retrieved from the DJPK database for the years 2015-2021. Various assessments, including the dependency ratio, the independence ratio, and the harmonization ratio, are used to evaluate the financial success of the previous years. The Asymptotic Significance with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used to determine the difference in financial performance.
 
Findings: (1) Papua Province's financial performance between 2015 and 2021 shows that the ratios of independence are still deficient (below 25 percent) with the relation pattern with the central government in the instructional category, that regional dependency still revolves in very high criteria, and that the harmonization ratio is an average of 22.40 percent, with a perception of higher than national level 5-20 percent. (2) From 2015 to 2021, there is no substantive distinction between the regency and city's financial performance in the province.
 
Research, Practical & Social implications:  The imperative for in-depth research on regional financial performance in Indonesian provinces are linked to other variables such as regional loans or government policy that makes loans one of the regional sources of income. Improve the amount and quality of human resources in regional financial management, which naturally alters the regional financial management system.
 
Originality/value: To improve the region's financial performance, the local government must increase local income through polling business more intensively and effectively. Local governments must establish more income targets with projections, modify rules relating to PAD improvement activities, and identify new PAD sources.
KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL KOMUNAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF UU HAK CIPTA
Authors: Ari Rama Bagus Gede , Prasada Dewa Krisna , Mahadewi Kadek Julia
Published: August 2023

Indonesia actually has enormous potential related to communal IP, considering that Indonesia consists of various tribes, customs and cultures as well as various other forms of local wisdom. This legal research aims to analyze the legal certainty of communal intellectual property in Indonesia. This legal research uses normative legal research methods and uses a statutory approach. The purpose of this research is to understand the types of communal IP in Indonesia and the arrangements for communal IP in the Copyright Law. This research found that there are 4 (four) types of communal intellectual property recognized in Indonesia, and communal intellectual property has been regulated in the Copyright Law in Article 38 and in Government Regulation Number 56 of 2022 concerning Communal Intellectual Property.
ANALISIS TINDAK PIDANA KOLUSI DAN NEPOTISME DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 1999
Authors: Amran Muhammad Arfandy , Muchtar Syamsuddin , Mirzana Hijrah Adhyanti
Published: August 2023

Analisis Tindak Pidana Kolusi dan Nepotisme dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 1999. Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Kolusi dan Tindak Pidana Nepotisme dilakukan dalam rangka mewujudkan good governance yang bersih dan responsif (clean and responsive state) yang ditandai dengan semaraknya masyarakat sipil (vibrant civil society) dan kehidupan bisnis yang bertanggungjawab (good coorporate governance). Namun, Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 1999 masih dianggap kurang aplikatif. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui penafsiran frasa “kerugian orang lain, masyarakat dan/atau negara” dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 1999 dan untuk mengetahui penegakan hukum dalam Tindak Pidana Kolusi dan Nepotisme. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual yang disajikan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Bahan hukum bersumber dari peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur lain. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelitian kepustakaan (library research) atau dokumentasi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan frasa kerugian dapat berupa kerugian materil maupun non materil yang tersusun secara alternatif. Tidak harus terpenuhi keseluruhan unsur dari Pasal 1 Ayat 4. Artinya apabila salah satu diantara ketiga pihak tersebut dirugikan, maka rumusan delik ini sudah dimaknai telah memenuhi unsur. Frasa kerugian dapat terpenuhi apabila terpenuhinya kerugian nyata atau actual loss yang terlebih dahulu diperiksa atau diaudit. Masih terdapat berbagai persoalan baik dalam substansi hukum, struktur hukum maupun kultur atau budaya hukum yang dibuktikan bahwa belum ada satu pun kasus yang memiliki kekuatan hukum yang tetap yang dipidana menggunakan delik Kolusi dan Nepotisme.
A Survey on Treatment Planning Experiences of Occupational Therapists
Authors:   The Korean Society of Cognitive Therapeutic Exercise, Ahn Si-Nae
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the treatment planning experience of occupational therapists for stroke patients through a survey. Stroke patients receiving occupational therapy and their therapists were surveyed in this study; a questionnaire on general information about the occupational therapists, diagnostic information of the patient under treatment, and treatment planning experience was distributed among the study participants. Data on stroke patients, including their sex, age, paretic side, cause of stroke, and onset period, were collected through the occupational therapists in charge of these patients. Completed questionnaires were retrieved, and the questionnaire results were coded and analyzed. SPSS Statistics 26.0 was used for all statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and frequency. In total, 81 stroke patients were undergoing occupational therapy, of which 39 (48.1%) had right hemiplegia and 42 (51.9%) had left hemiplegia. The mean treatment duration was 12.84 months. Further, 19 male (23.5%) and 62 female (76.5%) therapists were included in this study, and their average treatment experience was 4.84±3.75 years. Forty-eight (59.3%) patients responded that the standard for setting treatment goals was determined according to the coordinated opinion of the therapist, patient, and guardian, and the patient's functional and independence level was the most important factor when planning a treatment program. Responses accounted for the most with 33 (40.7%). Thirty-five (43.2%) therapists responded that the occupational therapy intervention used a top-down approach, and 46 (56.8%) responded that a bottom-up approach was used. This study is meaningful as it investigated the treatment planning experience of occupational therapists and confirmed the factors influencing it.
¿Reconoce esta clave diagnóstica?
Authors: Betancur Rosario , Rodríguez Gerzaín
Published: August 2023

Una mujer de 47 años de edad consultó por presentar vesículas y pústulas discretamente pruriginosas, de seis meses de evolución, localizadas en las axilas, los pliegues submamarios y las ingles. No había alteración de su salud general.
Conflicto de intereses
Authors: Maya José María
Published: August 2023

Se presenta el caso de un médico inversionista en una empresa de producción y venta de medicamentos, quien es cuestionado por el Tribunal de Ética Médica por formularle a un paciente productos que solo se venden en la farmacia de la cual el  médico es accionista y que, además, son de costo moderado y alto, y negarse a cambiar la formulación, a solicitud del paciente, por productos contemplados en los protocolos de atención y disponibles ampliamente en el sistema de salud. A partir de los principios éticos, se analiza la actuación del médico.