bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a MATLAB‐based graphical user interface to illustrate Coulomb's law and Gauss's law
Authors: Tan Xin Yi , Chan Kheong Sann , Lim Soo Yong
Published: May 2024

Coulomb's law and Gauss's law are two fundamental laws in electrostatics that involve electric charges and electric fields. These concepts that are not visible physically in real life can be challenging for students to understand, especially when it involves complex charge distributions. This paper presents a MATLAB‐based graphical user interface (GUI) to visualise the concept of Coulomb's law and Gauss's law as well as a serious snake game to reinforce users' knowledge. This MATLAB GUI features a diverse range of 3‐dimensional (3D) visualisations illustrating electric field attributes such as electric force, charge distribution and electric flux. These visualisations dynamically adapt to user‐defined parameters, offering a rich and varied exploration of the electric field's characteristics without confining the scope to a specific count of models. In Coulomb's law section, the GUI plots the electric forces in 3‐D for dipole, three‐point charges, and unlimited charge. The Gauss's law section consists of windows for illustration of the fundamentals of Gauss's law for the electric field, and the illustration for the application of Gauss's law in finding the electric field for a point charge, infinite line charge and infinite plane charge. The serious snake game developed in this work allows students to engage in quizzes related to Coulomb's law and Gauss's law to serve as a tool for reinforcing their learning outcomes. The MATLAB‐based GUI was chosen as the platform due to its excellent visualisation capabilities, ease of programming and capability to act as a powerful tool to enhance the learning of Coulomb's law and Gauss's law for students.
Practitioners support and intention to adopt universal access to self‐collection in Australia's National Cervical Screening Program
Authors: Creagh Nicola Stephanie , Saunders Tessa , Brotherton Julia , Hocking Jane , Karahalios Amalia , Saville Marion , Smith Megan , Nightingale Claire
Published: May 2024

Objective

Primary care practitioners are crucial to engaging people in Australia's national cervical screening program. From July 2022, practitioners have been able to offer all screen‐eligible people the choice to collect their own self‐collected sample; an option introduced to increase equity. This study explored how practitioners are intending to incorporate universal access to self‐collection into their clinical care.

Methods

Semi‐structed interviews with 27 general practitioners, nurses, and practice managers from 10 practices in Victoria, Australia conducted between May and August 2022. Interviews were deductively coded, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The Diffusion of Innovations theory was used to categorise intention to provide self‐collection.

Results

Participants were supportive of universal access to self‐collection, citing benefits for screen‐eligible people and that it overcame the limited adaptability of the previous policy. Most participants' practices (n = 7, 70%) had implemented or had plans to offer the option for self‐collection to all. Participants deliberating whether to provide universal access to self‐collection held concerns about the correct performance of the self‐test and the perceived loss of opportunity to perform a pelvic examination. Limited time to change practice‐level processes and competing demands within consultations were anticipated as implementation barriers.

Conclusions

The extent to which self‐collection can promote equity within the program will be limited without wide‐spread adoption by practitioners. Communication and education that addresses concerns of practitioners, along with targeted implementation support, will be critical to ensuring that self‐collection can increase participation and Australia's progression towards elimination of cervical cancer.
Primary care patient interest in joining a planned multi‐cancer early detection clinical trial
Authors: Myers Ronald E. , Hallman Mie H. , Shimada Ayako , DiCarlo Melissa A. , Davis Kaitlyn V. , Leach William T. , Chambers Christopher V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Clinical trials are being conducted and are being planned to assess the safety and efficacy of multi‐cancer early detection (MCED) tests for use in cancer screening. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of primary care patient outreach in recruiting participants to a planned MCED clinical trial, assess patient interest in trial participation, and measure decisional conflict related to participation.

Methods

The research team used the electronic medical record of a large, urban health care system to identify primary care patients 50–80 years of age who were potentially eligible for a planned MCED trial. We mailed information about the planned MCED trial to identified patients and then contacted the patients by telephone to obtain consent and administer a baseline survey. Subsequently, we contacted consented patients to complete an interview to review the mailed information and elicit perceptions about trial participation. Finally, a research coordinator administered an endpoint telephone survey to assess patient interest in and decisional conflict related to joining the trial.

Results

We randomly identified 1000 eligible patients and were able to make contact with 690 (69%) by telephone. Of the patients contacted, 217 (31%) completed the decision counseling session and 219 (32%) completed the endpoint survey. Among endpoint survey respondents, 177 (81%) expressed interest in joining the MCED trial and 162 (74%) reported low decisional conflict.

Conclusions

Most patients were contacted and about a quarter of those contacted expressed interest in and low decisional conflict about joining the planned MCED trial. Research is needed to determine how to optimize patient outreach and engage patients in shared decision‐making about MCED trial participation.
Key‐point‐guided adaptive convolution and instance normalization for continuous transitive face reenactment of any person
Authors: Xu Shibiao , Hua Miao , Zhang Jiguang , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhang Xiaopeng
Published: May 2024

Face reenactment technology is widely applied in various applications. However, the reconstruction effects of existing methods are often not quite realistic enough. Thus, this paper proposes a progressive face reenactment method. First, to make full use of the key information, we propose adaptive convolution and instance normalization to encode the key information into all learnable parameters in the network, including the weights of the convolution kernels and the means and variances in the normalization layer. Second, we present continuous transitive facial expression generation according to all the weights of the network generated by the key points, resulting in the continuous change of the image generated by the network. Third, in contrast to classical convolution, we apply the combination of depth‐ and point‐wise convolutions, which can greatly reduce the number of weights and improve the efficiency of training. Finally, we extend the proposed face reenactment method to the face editing application. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can generate a clearer and more realistic face from any person and is more generic and applicable than other methods.
SocialVis: Dynamic social visualization in dense scenes via real‐time multi‐object tracking and proximity graph construction
Authors: Li Bowen , Li Wei , Wang Jingqi , Meng Weiliang , Zhang Jiguang , Zhang Xiaopeng
Published: May 2024

To monitor and assess social dynamics and risks at large gatherings, we propose “SocialVis,” a comprehensive monitoring system based on multi‐object tracking and graph analysis techniques. Our SocialVis includes a camera detection system that operates in two modes: a real‐time mode, which enables participants to track and identify close contacts instantly, and an offline mode that allows for more comprehensive post‐event analysis. The dual functionality not only aids in preventing mass gatherings or overcrowding by enabling the issuance of alerts and recommendations to organizers, but also allows for the generation of proximity‐based graphs that map participant interactions, thereby enhancing the understanding of social dynamics and identifying potential high‐risk areas. It also provides tools for analyzing pedestrian flow statistics and visualizing paths, offering valuable insights into crowd density and interaction patterns. To enhance system performance, we designed the SocialDetect algorithm in conjunction with the BYTE tracking algorithm. This combination is specifically engineered to improve detection accuracy and minimize ID switches among tracked objects, leveraging the strengths of both algorithms. Experiments on both public and real‐world datasets validate that our SocialVis outperforms existing methods, showing improvement in detection accuracy and reduction in ID switches in dense pedestrian scenarios.
Right ventricular dysfunction after pericardiectomy for tuberculous constrictive pericarditis: A case report
Authors: Duarte Natânia Ferreira , de Aguiar Trigueirinho Ferreira Stella , Filho Daniel Abdalla Added , Vidal Carlos Henrique Lopes , Lima Roger Sales , Martins Ana Vitória Vitoreti , Castro Rafael Oliveira , de Assis Arthur Cicupira Rodrigues , Soares Paulo Rogério , Scudeler Thiago Luis
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case report provides a peculiar case of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis (TCP) who presented with right ventricular dysfunction after pericardiectomy. Right ventricular dysfunction is one of the main postoperative complications after pericardiectomy. Rapid and accurate identification of right ventricular dysfunction confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), associated with the rapid initiation of diuretics and inotropic therapy is necessary for the patient's complete recovery.

TCP is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the pericardium. Pericardiectomy is the standard treatment for patients with constrictive pericarditis and persistent symptoms. One possible surgical complication is right ventricle (RV) failure. We report a case of a 44‐year‐old man who developed RV failure after pericardiectomy for TCP. A 41‐year‐old man with no medical history was referred to our hospital due to progressive dyspnea associated with edema of the lower limbs and significant weight loss (30 kg) over the past 5 months. TTE revealed significant pericardial thickening and mild pericardial effusion with normal RV function. Chest X‐ray showed moderate bilateral pleural effusion. The patient underwent pericardiectomy and bilateral pleural drainage. Histopathological examination showed tuberculosis granulomas with caseous necrosis, and antituberculosis medication was initiated. Postoperative TTEs showed normal RV function and mild pericardial thickening. The patient was discharged home after successful postoperative recovery. Three weeks later, the patient was admitted to the emergency department with dyspnea and hypoxemia. TTE revealed RV systolic dysfunction. Chest CT showed a recurrence of moderate pleural effusion, this time loculated, with restrictive atelectasis of the adjacent lung parenchyma. Diuretics and inotropic therapy were initiated, and the patient underwent lung decortication after confirmation of tuberculous empyema. The patient experienced significant clinical improvement. TTE before discharge showed a decreased RV chamber size with improved RV systolic function. The patient was discharged in a stable condition 30 days after admission with a low dose of oral furosemide. Four months after discharge, he remained asymptomatic with good functional status. Pericardiectomy for TCP may carry the risk of developing RV dysfunction. Furthermore, TCP itself may be associated with other complications, such as empyema. We emphasize the importance of conducting a thorough clinical evaluation for patients with TCP, particularly those undergoing pericardiectomy, to mitigate potential adverse outcomes.
A case of an electric toothbrush tip penetrating from the oral cavity to the submandibular gland
Authors: Akisada Naoki , Makino Takuma , Naoi Yuto , Taguchi Yoshinori , Moriwaki Yuto , Ando Mizuo
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

This report describes a case of an electric toothbrush head being retained between the floor of the mouth and the submandibular gland following a fall. Computed tomography imaging is recommended in cases of oral cavity damage to assess tissue damage and ascertain the position of the foreign body concerning blood vessels.
Ni Single‐Atoms Supported on N‐Doped Carbon Prepared by Cation Exchange: Ultrafast Catalyst For The Reduction of Nitroarene Compounds Under Ambient Conditions
Authors: do Carmo Batista Walker Vinicius Ferreira , de Oliveira Wanessa Lima , de Oliveira Eduarda Ferreira , Cruz Taís Santos , Ferrari Jefferson Luis , Archanjo Braulio Soares , Grigoletto Sabrina , da Costa Ferreira Dalva Ester , Pereira Fabiano Vargas , Diab Gabriel Ali Atta , Mastelaro Valmor Roberto , Teixeira Ivo Freitas , de Mesquita Joao Paulo
Published: May 2024

We present a highly efficient single‐atom catalyst (SACs) tailored for nitroarene reduction using NaBH4 under ambient conditions. Employing an unique approach, we harnessed NaCl under high temperature to create host materials enriched with negatively charged nitrogenous and oxygenated functional groups, capable of anchoring and stabilizing Ni ions within the aromatic structure. The nickel single sites were prepared by a straightforward cation exchange method. STEM‐HAADF imaging confirmed the presence of nickel single‐atoms, while XPS, FTIR, and Raman spectra validated nickel coordination within the catalyst. Remarkably, the CN−Ni catalyst exhibited exceptional catalytic performance under ambient conditions, achieving a high catalytic activity with NaBH4 (TOF 2246
452 h−1 and 107
47 mmol g−1 min−1). It also demonstrated remarkable conversion exceeding 90 % and outstanding selectivity. Equally impressive was its ability to maintain full catalytic activity over multiple reaction cycles, highlighting its robustness. This work is a significant leap in SACs design, offering a versatile and highly effective preparation method for SACs based on N‐doped carbon with far‐reaching implications in industrial reduction reactions.
Porphyrin Atropisomerism as a Molecular Engineering Tool in Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Recognition, Supramolecular Assembly, and Catalysis
Authors: Maguire Sophie , Strachan Grant , Norvaiša Karolis , Donohoe Claire , Gomes‐da‐Silva Lígia C. , Senge Mathias O.
Published: May 2024

Porphyrin atropisomerism, which arises from restricted σ‐bond rotation between the macrocycle and a sufficiently bulky substituent, was identified in 1969 by Gottwald and Ullman in 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(o‐hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins. Henceforth, an entirely new field has emerged utilizing this transformative tool. This review strives to explain the consequences of atropisomerism in porphyrins, the methods which have been developed for their separation and analysis and present the diverse array of applications. Porphyrins alone possess intriguing properties and a structure which can be easily decorated and molded for a specific function. Therefore, atropisomerism serves as a transformative tool, making it possible to obtain even a specific molecular shape. Atropisomerism has been thoroughly exploited in catalysis and molecular recognition yet presents both challenges and opportunities in medicinal chemistry.
Earth‐Abundant Recyclable Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Green‐light Mediated C−H Arylation in Heterogeneous Phase
Authors: Mandal Tanumoy , Chaturvedi Ashwin , Azim Aznur , Maji Rohan , De Sarkar Suman
Published: May 2024

A magnetically isolable iron oxide nanoparticles is introduced as an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst for non‐directed C−H arylation employing aryl diazonium salts as the aryl precursors. This first‐row transition metal‐based photocatalyst revealed versatile activities and is applicable to a wide range of substrates, demonstrating brilliant efficacy and superior recyclability. Detailed catalytic characterization describes the physical properties and redox behavior of the Fe‐catalyst. Adequate control experiments helped to establish the radical‐based mechanism for the C−H arylation.
An optimization of Cs2TiBr6 perovskite solar cell using SCAPS‐1D simulation based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Liu Xiaoya , Chen Zhengxin , Wang Hairong , Zhu Zhengrong , Zhao Sirui , Kong Lingchen , Man Haitao , Huang Kai , Wu Jiang , Ling Yang
Published: May 2024

A genetic algorithm (GA) was used in this simulation work and a well‐studied double perovskite structure was chosen to verify the feasibility of the algorithm. To pursue excellent efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell, the experimental and simulation data were summarized to determine the adjustable range of parameters for the simulated cell structure. The GA can help us to determine the best combination among a wide range of potential possibilities. The optimal solution was obtained by substituting the best combination data into SCAPS‐1D and the open circuit voltage (VOC) was 1.08 V, fill factor (FF) was 88.81%, short circuit current (JSC) was 37.06 mA/cm2, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 35.54%. Compared to the initial simulation results, the efficiency was improved by 10 percentage points and the JSC increased by 12 mA/cm2. From these conclusions, it was clear that the GA provides a faster and more accurate way to find the optimal solution for perovskite solar cells.
The new preferred memory color (PMC) chart
Authors: Luo Ming Ronnier
Published: May 2024

A color rendition chart, the preferred memory color (PMC) chart, has been produced. It comprises 30 colored patches, divided into three groups: preferred memory colors, reference color‐gamut colors, and a gray scale. The main purpose of the new chart is to enable users to produce satisfactory preferred color reproduction using digital cameras, displays, and printing systems. The methods used to develop the various colors, and the color specification of each color are presented. Finally, several potential applications of the chart for the characterization of imaging devices, for the evaluation of image color quality, and for the calculation of color rendering indices for lighting are suggested.
Randomized Controlled Trial on Imaginal Retraining for Problematic Alcohol Use: A Dismantling Study
Authors: Gehlenborg Josefine , Göritz Anja S. , Kempken Joana , Wirtz Janina , Schuurmans Lea , Moritz Steffen , Kühn Simone
Published: May 2024

Imaginal retraining (IR) is an approach‐avoidance procedure that has shown promising results in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to dismantle the efficacy of IR's components in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). We conducted a RCT with nine conditions comprising eight intervention groups and a waitlist control group (WLC). Alcohol craving (primary outcome), consumption, depressive symptoms, quality of life, subjective appraisal, and side effects were assessed online at baseline, post intervention (6 weeks), and follow‐up (12 weeks). The sample consisted of 426 participants (age: M = 47.22, SD = 11.82, women: 50.5%). The intervention groups received instructions for four different components of IR (mood induction, mental avoidance of unhealthy stimuli, motor avoidance of unhealthy stimuli, approach to healthy stimuli) that were each conveyed with or without prior psychoeducation (PE). The intervention was delivered online. At total of 163 individuals (42.9%) used the intervention at least once. No group differences were found for any primary or secondary outcome after Šidák correction. Uncorrected statistics showed effects of significantly decreased alcohol consumption for the approach + PE group in the intention‐to‐treat and the merged motor avoidance group in the per‐protocol analyses at post assessment compared with the WLC. Exploratory moderation analyses revealed that individuals with high visualization skills benefited most. The authors conclude that visualization training and motivational components may increase the efficacy and adherence of IR.
Near‐Infrared Fluorescence of Novel Pyridinium−Cyclic Enolate Betaine Dyes π‐Expanded by Condensed Cyclic Thiophene Spacers
Authors: Suzuki Naoya , Saikusa Mao , Maeda Takeshi , Yagi Shigeyuki , Akiyama Seiji
Published: May 2024

Herein, we report the synthesis of new near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes based on the pyridinium−cyclic enolate betaine (PCB) skeleton. The formation of the electron‐donor−π−electron‐acceptor (D−π−A) type dye with the electron‐donating N,N‐diphenyl amino group and the electron‐accepting PCB skeleton through a series of π−spacers allowed us to achieve NIR fluorescence. Particularly, a dye with a thienylisothianaphthene spacer showed NIR fluorescence with a significant intensity (λPL=822 nm, ΦPL=0.19 in DMSO). Detailed experimental and theoretical analyses suggested that the structural relaxation to a planar quinoidal form in the S1 state would be critical for intense NIR fluorescence.
Dicyanomethylenated Diaryldihydropentalenediones that Vary Excited State Decay Rates without Changing Emission Wavelengths
Authors: Nagaoka Tomoki , Matsui Yasunori , Ogaki Takuya , Ikeda Hiroshi
Published: May 2024

2‐(3,6‐Bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐4‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydropentalen‐1(2H)‐ylidene)malononitrile (DPM‐An) and 2,2′‐(3,6‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2,5‐dihydropentalene‐1,4‐diylidene)dimalononitrile (DPD‐An), both bearing the 2,5‐dihydropentalene core and intramolecular electron donor–acceptor moieties, were prepared and subjected to photophysical studies. The absorption spectra of DPM‐An and DPD‐An in CH2Cl2 at room temperature contain maxima at similar wavelengths of 406 and 409 nm, respectively. These substances do not luminesce in CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature, but they do emit light when present in poly(methyl methacrylate) films. Interestingly, DPM‐An and DPD‐An in the film forms display nearly identical emission (EM) spectra with respective maxima at 592 and 594 nm. In contrast, DPD‐An has a longer EM lifetime than does DPM‐An. Therefore, the dihydropentalene derivatives, exemplified by DPM‐An and DPD‐An, may be a family of substances in which excited state decay rate can be varied without changing EM wavelengths.
Stabilizing Zinc Hexacyanoferrate Cathode by Low Contents of Cs Cations for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pan Zhiqiu , Ni Gang , Li Yi , Shi Yinuo , Zhu Fuxiang , Cui Peng , Zhou Chenggang
Published: May 2024

Exploring cathode materials with excellent electrochemical performance is crucial for developing rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (RAZIBs). Zinc hexacyanoferrate (ZnHCF), a promising candidate of cathode materials for RAZIBs, suffers from severe electrochemical instability issues. This work reports using low contents of alkaline metal cations as electrolyte additives to improve the cycle performance of ZnHCF. The cations with large sizes, particularly Cs+, changes the intercalation chemistry of ZnHCF in RAZIBs. During cycling, Cs+ cations co‐inserted into ZnHCF stabilize the host structure. Meanwhile, a stable phase of CsZn[Fe(CN)6] forms on the ZnHCF cathode, suppressing the loss of active materials through dissolution. ZnHCF gradually converts to an electrochemically inert Zn‐rich phase during long‐term cycling in aqueous electrolyte, leading to irreversible capacity loss. Introducing Cs+ in the electrolyte inhibits this conversion reaction, resulting in the extended lifespan. Owing to these advantages, the capacity retention rate of ZnHCF/Zn full batteries increases from the original 7.0 % to a high value of 54.6 % in the electrolyte containing 0.03 M of Cs2SO4 after 300 cycles at 0.25 A ⋅ g−1. This research provides an in‐depth understanding of the electrochemical behavior of ZnHCF in aqueous zinc electrolyte, beneficial for further optimizing ZnHCF and other metal hexacyanoferrates.
Origin of the Activity of Electrochemical Ozone Production Over Rutile PbO2 Surfaces
Authors: Jiang Jin‐Tao , Guo Zhongyuan , Deng Shao‐Kang , Jia Xue , Liu Heng , Xu Jiang , Li Hao , Cheng Li‐Hua
Published: May 2024

Ozonation water treatment technology has attracted increasing attention due to its environmental benign and high efficiency. Rutile PbO2 is a promising anode material for electrochemical ozone production (EOP). However, the reaction mechanism underlying ozone production catalyzed by PbO2 was rarely studied and not well‐understood, which was in part due to the overlook of the electrochemistry‐driven formation of oxygen vacancy (OV) of PbO2. Herein, we unrevealed the origin of the EOP activity of PbO2 starting from the electrochemical surface state analysis using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, activity analysis, and catalytic volcano modeling. Interestingly, we found that under experimental EOP potential (i. e., a potential around 2.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), OV can still be generated easily on PbO2 surfaces. Our subsequent kinetic and thermodynamic analyses show that these OV sites on PbO2 surfaces are highly active for the EOP reaction through an interesting atomic oxygen (O*)‐O2 coupled mechanism. In particular, rutile PbO2(101) with the “in‐situ” generated OV exhibited superior EOP activities, outperforming the (111) and (110) surfaces. Finally, by catalytic volcano modeling, we found that PbO2 is close to the theoretical optimum of the reaction, suggesting a superior EOP performance of rutile PbO2. All these analyses are in good agreement with previous experimental observations in terms of EOP overpotentials. This study provides the first volcano model to explain why rutile PbO2 is among the best metal oxide materials for EOP and provides new design guidelines for this rarely studied but industrially promising reaction.
A family of single‐phase boost AC‐AC converters based on impedance network cells with symmetric bipolar operation
Authors: Fathipour Babak , Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad Javad , Babaei Ebrahim
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a family of single‐phase boost AC‐AC converters based on impedance network cells with symmetric bipolar operation is proposed. The proposed converters exhibit a range of voltage gains as a result of non‐inverting and inverting boost operations, which are influenced by the input voltage and various impedance source cells. The converters leverage inherent commutation to address the commutation problem without requiring snubber circuits and safe commutation strategy. Additionally, high‐speed switching is achieved by preventing power MOSFETs' body diode conduction and related poor reverse recovery issues. The design incorporates a simple and flexible switching strategy to produce step‐change frequency at the output, using only four switches to achieve both step‐changed frequency operation and output voltage regulation. Furthermore, by reducing the total stored energy of passive components, the proposed converters effectively decrease volume, weight, and cost. The operational modes of the converters are elucidated, and their key relationships are summarized in tabular format. Finally, experimental validation through a laboratory prototype confirms the performance accuracy of the proposed converters at frequencies 25, 50, and 100 Hz.
Assessing EPO stability in urine and comparing recombinant EPO detectability in matched urine, venous serum, and capillary serum following a controlled epoetin alfa administration
Authors: Miller Geoffrey D. , Goodrum Jenna M. , Crouch Andre K. , Eichner Daniel
Published: May 2024

The instability of erythropoietin receptor agonists (ERAs, i.e., EPO) in urine presents a challenge to their detectability in doping control samples; however, this issue is not often seen in blood (serum) samples. With the anti‐doping field beginning to transition into alternative blood collection technologies, it is important to understand recombinant EPO (rEPO) detectability in serum samples collected from one such capillary collection device, the Tasso+ SST. Twelve individuals were administered a single, 40 IU/kg dose of rEPO (epoetin alfa, EPOGEN®). Following administration, matched urine, venous serum, and capillary serum samples were concurrently collected. Urine aliquots were subject to various storage times and temperatures mimicking shipping conditions of doping control urine samples to assess EPO stability, while other urine aliquots, venous serum, and capillary serum aliquots were frozen until analysis to understand rEPO detectability across all three matrices. EPO and rEPO instability was identified in urine collected from 8 of 12 participants, especially in aliquots stored at room temperature and 37°C. In some of these unstable samples, rEPO was still detectable, while in others, no recombinant nor endogenous EPO was detectable and would have resulted in negative sample reports. Analyzing the concurrently collected urine, venous, and capillary serum samples, rEPO detectability was identical across the three matrices. In most cases, rEPO was detectable for at least 168 h post‐administration. Noting greater stability in blood compared with urine, it is recommended that anti‐doping authorities utilize this novel capillary serum collection technology to improve overall ERA detectability in doping control samples.
Field validation of an eDNA assay for nutria illuminates a role in invasive species management
Authors: Coster Stephanie S.
Published: May 2024

Nutria, or coypu (Myocastor coypus), are invasive semi‐aquatic rodents present across the United States, Europe, and Asia. Despite successful eradication efforts in certain areas, nutria have resurged in the mid‐Atlantic USA, underscoring the need for advanced monitoring tools. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a promising technique for species detection and monitoring. Here, an eDNA assay for nutria using qPCR was field‐validated in Virginia, USA, showcasing its potential as a tool for post‐eradication monitoring. The findings reveal an association between water levels and detection of nutria eDNA, highlighting the importance of water levels in nutria behavior. A painted turtle assay was introduced to confirm nutria absence and demonstrate the potential of passive sampling. The study showcases the sensitivity and efficiency of eDNA assays, emphasizing their value for monitoring and verifying invasive species eradication.
Pulmonary artery denervation versus conventional therapies for PAH: a systematic review and updated network meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Wang Xiang , Zhang Longyao , Pan Zoucheng , Chen Feng , Chen Shao‐liang , Kan Jing , Wei Yongyue
Published: May 2024

Aims

A recent guideline presented by the ESC Congress in 2022 had indicated a novel therapy targeted at pulmonary artery hypertension, known as pulmonary artery denervation (PADN), which get inspired from a laboratorial trial that could lowering the pulmonary artery pressure through the intervention on the animals. Our aim is to conduct a network meta‐analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of PADN from six aspects with the current conventional therapies.

Methods and results

According to the PRISMA guidance, databases including Ovid, ClinicalTrials.gov, Medline, Embase, and PubMed were searched from inception to 22 August 2023, along with a full assessment of the previous five meta‐analyses. Data were extracted and curated for Bayesian network meta‐analysis. The primary outcome was the change in the 6‐min walking distance (6MWD) from baseline with a secondary outcome called change in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) from baseline. The four safety outcomes included risk of clinical worsening, hospitalization, mortality and severe adverse events (SAEs). The comparison is structured on a contrast model based on 65 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PADN and the other conventional mainstream drugs. PADN had a better effect in improving 6MWD than Placebo (−77.76 m, 95% CI: −102.04 to −54.34 m), Macitentan (−65.32 m, 95% CI: −95.34 to −36.1 m), Bosentan (−64.5 m, 95% CI: −94.7 to −35.07 m), Iloprost (−62.66 m, 95% CI: −99.48 to −27.13 m), Oxygen (−62.42 m, 95% CI: −100.01 to −25.78 m), Treprostinil (−62.01 m, 95% CI: −89.04 to −35.61 m), Riociguat (−60.59 m, 95% CI: −86.11 to −35.98 m), Selexipag (−47.2 m, 95% CI: −85.61 to −10.19 m), Sildenafil (−44.92 m, 95% CI: −74.43 to −16.15 m), or Sitaxsentan (−39.53 m, 95% CI: −78.99 to −0.76 m). PADN had a better antihypertensive effect than placebo and showed statistical significant lower risks to induce clinical worsening and re‐hospitalization than treprostinil, riociguat, and placebo groups. No statistically significant difference in risk of mortality and severe adverse events was observed between PADN versus the other interventions.

Conclusions

Compared with 16 types of conventional therapies and Placebo, PADN has advantage over nine single therapies and Placebo in improving 6MWD and appears to be better than two types of dual‐drug combined therapies while with no statistical significance. PADN shows a favourable antihypertensive effect on mPAP and has a lower risk to trigger clinical worsening or hospitalization, while its risk on mortality and severe adverse events is still inconclusive.
Methanol gel electrophoresis: Separation of human fast and slow myosin light chain 1 and other myofibrillar protein isoforms on a single gel format
Authors: Reiser Peter J. , Belevych Natalya , Shope Logan , Hanaoka Beatriz
Published: May 2024

This report describes a novel sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) resolving gel format that consistently yields the electrophoretic separation of the fast and slow isoforms of human sarcomeric myosin light chain 1 (MLC1). The inclusion of methanol as a constituent of the resolving gel impacted the electrophoretic mobility of proteins across a broad range of molecular masses. There was greater separation of the fast and slow isoforms of human MLC1, as well as separation and high resolution of fast and slow isoforms of the three myosin heavy chain isoforms that are expressed in human skeletal muscle on the same gel format. Furthermore, the same resolving gel format substantially altered the electrophoretic mobility of at least one isoform of tropomyosin in human striated muscle. It is possible that the inclusion of methanol in SDS–PAGE resolving gels could improve the separation of other proteins that are expressed in muscle and in other tissues and cell types.
An immuno‐northern technique to measure the size of dsRNA byproducts in in vitro transcribed RNA
Authors: Clark Nathaniel E. , Schraut Matthew R. , Winters Roger A. , Kearns Kelley , Scanlon Thomas C.
Published: May 2024

Double‐stranded RNA is an immunogenic byproduct present in RNA synthesized with in vitro transcription. dsRNA byproducts engage virus‐sensing innate immunity receptors and cause inflammation. Removing dsRNA from in vitro transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) reduces immunogenicity and improves protein translation. Levels of dsRNA are typically 0.1%–0.5% of total transcribed RNA. Because they form such a minor fraction of the total RNA in transcription reactions, it is difficult to confidently identify discrete bands on agarose gels that correspond to the dsRNA byproducts. Thus, the sizes of dsRNA byproducts are largely unknown. Total levels of dsRNA are typically assayed with dsRNA‐specific antibodies in ELISA and immuno dot‐blot assays. Here we report a dsRNA‐specific immuno‐northern blot technique that provides a clear picture of the dsRNA size distributions in transcribed RNA. This technique could complement existing dsRNA analytical methods in studies of dsRNA byproduct synthesis, dsRNA removal, and characterization of therapeutic RNA drug substances.
Forecasting and Early Warning of Wind‐Farm‐Tripping Event under Strong‐Wind and Cold‐Wave Conditions Based on Combined Nonparametric Estimation Model and K‐Value Method
Authors: Liu Yu , Huan Jiafei , Wang Wei , Jiang Shangguang , Sun Yahui , Zhang Xi , Zhu Honglu
Published: May 2024

Wind power, as a pivotal renewable energy source, is increasingly vital in the global energy structure transformation. However, extreme weather, such as strong winds and cold waves, can result in rapid fluctuations in wind power generation and even lead to large‐scale wind‐farm‐tripping events. Consequently, forecasting and early warning of these events under extreme weather conditions are crucial for ensuring the safe operation of the power system. In this article, a forecasting and early warning method for wind‐farm‐tripping events is proposed, which is based on a multi‐nonparametric estimation approach. In this article, the error distribution of forecasting wind speed and temperature in numerical weather prediction (NWP) is modeled, and interval forecasting for these parameters is conducted. When forecasting intervals of NWP reach the thresholds of wind‐turbine‐tripping protection strategy, it will lead to the wind‐farm‐power‐tripping events. Furthermore, in this article, a method for calculating the wind‐power‐tripping capacity based on the K‐value method is introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through actual wind‐power‐tripping events in the wind farm. The methodology proposed in the article provides a solution of early warning and forecasting for strong–wind‐ and cold‐wave wind‐farm‐tripping events.
An investigation of neuropsychiatric symptoms, contextual factors, and antidepressant treatment as risk factors for dementia development in people with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Willmott Ruth , Martin West Isobel , Yung Paul , Giri Shankar Vidya , Perera Gayan , Tsamakis Konstantinos , Stewart Robert , Mueller Christoph
Published: May 2024

Background

While some people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progress to dementia, many others show no progression. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with risk of dementia development in this population.

Method

A large naturalistic retrospective cohort study was assembled from mental healthcare records in a south London catchment. Patients were selected at first recorded diagnosis of MCI and subsequent dementia diagnosis was ascertained from case notes or death certificate, excluding those with dementia diagnoses and deaths within 6 months of MCI diagnosis. A range of demographic and clinical characteristics were ascertained around MCI diagnosis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate independent predictors of dementia, focussing on neuropsychiatric symptoms, contextual factors, and antidepressant treatment.

Results

Of 2250 patients with MCI, 236 (10.5%) developed dementia at least 6 months after MCI diagnosis. Aside from older age, lower cognitive function, and activities of daily living impairment, impaired social relationships and recorded loneliness were associated with a higher risk of developing dementia. Patients of Black (compared to White) ethnicity were at a lower risk. For depression and antidepressant receipt, only tricyclic use compared to no antidepressant use was associated with an increased dementia risk.

Conclusions

No evidence was found for co‐morbid affective disorders or different antidepressant classes as risk factors for dementia development following MCI diagnosis, but loneliness and social impairment were independent predictors and would be worth evaluating as targets for interventions to delay progression.
Multiple primary lung cancer: Updates and perspectives
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Zhang Quncheng , Wang Chaoyang , Herth Felix J. F. , Guo Zhiping , Zhang Xiaoju
Published: May 2024

Management of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) remains challenging, partly due to its increasing incidence, especially with the significant rise in cases of multiple lung nodules caused by low‐dose computed tomography screening. Moreover, the indefinite pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment selection add to the complexity. In recent years, there have been continuous efforts to dissect the molecular characteristics of MPLC and explore new diagnostic approaches as well as treatment modalities, which will be reviewed here, with a focus on newly emerging evidence and future perspectives, hope to provide new insights into the management of MPLC and serve as inspiration for future research related to MPLC.
Resorbable engineered barrier membranes for oral surgery applications
Authors: Balducci Cristian , Zamuner Annj , Todesco Martina , Bagno Andrea , Pasquato Antonella , Iucci Giovanna , Bertelà Federica , Battocchio Chiara , Tortora Luca , Sacchetto Luca , Brun Paola , Bressan Eriberto , Dettin Monica
Published: May 2024

Population aging, reduced economic capacity, and neglecting the treatments for oral pathologies, are the main causal factors for about 3 billion individuals who are suffering from partial/total edentulism or alveolar bone resorption: thus, the demand for dental implants is increasingly growing. To achieve a good prognosis for implant‐supported restorations, adequate peri‐implant bone volume is mandatory. The Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) technique is one of the most applied methods for alveolar bone reconstruction and treatment of peri‐implant bone deficiencies. This technique involves the use of different types of membranes in association with some bone substitutes (autologous, homologous, or heterologous). However, time for bone regeneration is often too long and the bone quality is not simply predictable. This study aims at engineering and evaluating the efficacy of modified barrier membranes, enhancing their bioactivity for improved alveolar bone tissue regeneration. We investigated membranes functionalized with chitosan (CS) and chitosan combined with the peptide GBMP1α (CS + GBMP1α), to improve bone growth. OsseoGuard® membranes, derived from bovine Achilles tendon type I collagen crosslinked with formaldehyde, were modified using CS and CS + GBMP1α. The functionalization, carried out with 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3 dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and sulfo‐N‐Hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/sulfo‐NHS), was assessed through FT‐IR and XPS analyses. Biological assays were performed by directly seeding human osteoblasts onto the materials to assess cell proliferation, mineralization, gene expression of Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and Runt‐Related Transcription Factor 2 (Runx2), and antibacterial properties. Both CS and CS + GBMP1α functionalizations significantly enhanced human osteoblast proliferation, mineralization, gene expression, and antibacterial activity compared to commercial membranes. The CS + GBMP1α functionalization exhibited superior outcomes in all biological assays. Mechanical tests showed no significant alterations of membrane biomechanical properties post‐functionalization. The engineered membranes, especially those functionalized with CS + GBMP1α, are suitable for GBR applications thanks to their ability to enhance osteoblast activity and promote bone tissue regeneration. These findings suggest a potential advancement in the treatment of oral cavity problems requiring bone regeneration.
Enhanced water electrolysis by construction and control of nickel (cobalt) phosphide/metal interface
Authors: Xia Shuang , Fu Xiao , Wang Bin , Wang Yi , Liu Zhongqing
Published: May 2024

Using cobalt sulfate and nickel sulfate as main electrolytes, ammonium sulfate as an auxiliary electrolyte and buffer agent, and cheap iron pieces (FP) as the substrates, nickel and/or cobalt phosphide/metal heterogeneous catalytic electrode (M2P/M/FP) was grown on the substrate in situ by electrodeposition followed by low temperature phosphating. M2P/M/FP functioned as a good bifunctional electrode for HER and OER in 1 mol/L KOH, where Co2P/Co/FP needed an overpotential of 52 and 288 mV, and (NC)2P/(NC)/FP required that of 75 mV and 293 mV to afford 10 mA/cm2. Previous similar studies often ignored the role of metal and only considered the water electrolysis catalysis of metal phosphide. In this research, it was clarified that for water electrolysis, the essence of high catalysis activity of the M2P/M/FP electrode was the electronic interaction between metal and metal phosphide.
Hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis using commercial carbon blacks as catalysts: the influence of surface properties and adsorption performance
Authors: Han Xinyu , Yuan Shiyu , Zhu Zhaolian , Mei Jiawen , Huang Qiyuan , Ji Liya , Wang Hailing
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Surface properties and adsorption performance of carbon materials play a crucial role in the electrochemical two‐electron oxygen reduction to produce H2O2. However, there is still a lack of in‐depth research on commercial carbon blacks in this area. Herein, four typical commercial carbon blacks (Acetylene black (AB), Ketjen black EC 600JD, Vulcan XC 72 and Black Pearls 2000) were used as cathode catalysts to generate H2O2. Surface chemistry and pore structure of electrodes of the four carbon blacks were systematically characterized, and their effects on H2O2 adsorption, electrochemical generation and degradation were investigated.

RESULTS

Among the four carbon blacks, AB has the highest content of C–O–C/COOH and CO, which are active groups catalyzing the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction to generate H2O2. AB has the lowest level of defects and highest degree of graphitization, and AB‐modified graphite felt electrode (AB‐Ele) has the largest average pore diameter, smallest specific surface area and smaller charge transfer resistance. H2O2 production using AB‐Ele is the largest and reaches 567.7 mg L−1 at 180 min under a current density of 5 mA cm−2, and only decreases by 17.6% after 10 repeated uses.

CONCLUSION

Overall, rich oxygen‐containing functional groups such as C–O–C, COOH and CO, high degree of graphitization, suitable surface area and porosity as well as weak H2O2 adsorption performance are beneficial for the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction to generate H2O2. AB‐modified graphite felt electrode exhibits good catalytic activity and reusability in H2O2 electrosynthesis, demonstrating promising application prospects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma invasion of the liver: The underappreciated hypoechoic periportal cuffing on ultrasound—A case report and literature review
Authors: He Fen , Wang Rui , Li Lu , Yi Heng , Chen Zhong
Published: May 2024

Liver involvement in lymphoma often manifests as nonoccupying diffuse infiltration, posing challenges in distinguishing it from primary liver disorder. Herein, we present the case of a 21‐year‐old female who underwent two separate diagnoses within a nine‐month interval before being ultimately diagnosed with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Our review of this case identified an ultrasound imaging feature, the hypoechoic periportal cuffing. When combined with associated increased lymphocyte count and liver enlargement, it can serve as a noninvasive suggestion for malignant disorders, in particular hemic and lymphatic diseases.