bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradation of Aqueous Phase Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) Using Pulsed Corona Discharges
Authors: Sahni Mayank , Finney Wright C. , Locke Bruce R.
Published: November 2016

The efficacy of pulsed corona discharges, an effective technique for removal of small aromatic and volatile organic compounds in water, to degrade aqueous phase polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was tested. Experiments were conducted on the model PCB compound, 2,2′,4,4′- tetrachlorobiphenyl at its solubility limit (68 ppb) in water. The effects of various reactor configurations featuring liquid and combined liquid/gas discharges on the degradation rate and possible degradation mechanisms of the PCB congener were determined. The pulsed corona reactor led to nearly 70% degradation of the PCB congener within 60 min. Increased degradation rates due to the Fenton’s reactions were found upon the addition of ferrous salts in solution, and the degradation rate of the PCB was higher than those of phenol and nitrobenzene in the absence of ferrous salts. The two different reactor configurations tested, including direct discharge in water and simultaneous gas-liquid discharge, gave the same rate of PCB degradation in the Fenton’s case, thus raising the possibility that the PCB degradation mechanisms in both reactors are the same. The effect of the high voltage electrode material on the degradation of PCB was evaluated by performing experiments with electrodes made of either platinum or a nickel-chromium alloy.
The Role of Surface Reactions in De-NOx Processes in Corona Discharge-Catalyst (or Zeolite) Hybrid Systems
Authors: Dors M. , Mizeraczyk J. , Nichipor G. V. , Mok Y. S.
Published: November 2016

The objective of this work was to explain the efficient NOx removal from simulated flue gas observed in the hybrid corona discharge-catalyst hybrid systems with either V
Characteristics of DC Corona Streamers Induced by UV Laser Irradiation in Non-Thermal Plasma
Authors: Ohkubo T. , Kanazawa S. , Nomoto Y. , Kocik M. , Mizeraczyk J.
Published: November 2016

Positive corona streamers are widely used in the field of air pollution control such as NOx or SOx removal and VOCs decomposition based on non-thermal plasma chemical process. In this study, the characteristics of DC positive corona streamers induced by UV laser irradiation are investigated in the tube-to-plane electrode configuration with electrode gap spacing of 3 cm. The streamer images were recorded using an ICCD camera with a nanosecond order time resolution. During the DC corona discharge, regular streamers appear with tens of ms intervals, the duration of which considerably fluctuates. This makes time resolved streamer observation by the ICCD camera extremely difficult. However, additional streamers with a predictable inception time can be induced by UV laser irradiation. As a result, the current waveform characteristics of the laser-induced streamers were obtained. In this work, three-dimensional streamer structures including the streamer propagation and branching were studied. Also the streamer propagation velocity was evaluated.
DC and Pulsed Surface Corona Discharge along a Dielectric Flat Plate in Air: Electrical Properties and Discharge-Induced Ionic Wind
Authors: Moreau Eric , Labergue Alexandre , Touchard Gérard
Published: November 2016

Several studies have shown that a surface corona discharge may be used as an electrohydrodynamic actuator in order to control the airflow around profiles. For a few years, our laboratory has been working on this subject, specifically in the case of a DC corona discharge. The present paper deals with experimental work on DC and pulsed surface non-thermal plasmas produced between two wire electrodes flush mounted on the surface of a PMMA (polymethyl-methacrylate) insulating flat plate. The goal is to optimize the plasma actuator in terms of electro-mechanical efficiency in the absence of an external free airstream. First, electrical properties (such as discharge current versus applied voltage and discharge current versus time) of these different discharges are observed. Secondly, the time-averaged ionic wind induced by DC coronas and pulsed coronas is measured by means of a small diameter tube connected to a micro manometer.
Volume-Surface Discharge as an Ion Source for Plasma Technologies
Authors: Sokolova Marina V. , Krivov Sergey A.
Published: November 2016

In this paper experimental characteristics of discharge in a three-electrode system are presented. This system consists of a stripped electrode placed on upper side of a dielectric plate, while its reverse side has a metallic layer, and a metallic plane electrode placed at a distance ≅ 1 cm above the strips (parallel to them). With a high ac voltage (frequency 14 kHz) applied to the metallic layer, the stripped electrode is being grounded, surface discharge appears at the edges of the strips. If a high dc voltage is applied additionally to the plane electrode a direct current appears in the circuit including the gas gap and the stripped electrode. With dc voltage > 9 kV visible waves of glow discharge appear in the gas forming a volume-surface discharge. At certain conditions discrete channels can be seen inside the glow. Influence of different factors on current and structure of such a volume-surface discharge is analyzed.
Study of a Wide Area Carbon Nanotubes Preparation for an Environmental Application
Authors: Aoqui Shin-ichi , Suda Yoshiyuki , Ebihara Kenji , Uematsu Takahiko
Published: November 2016

The gas occlusion of carbon-based material has recently attracted attention. Especially, for the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as its sensitivity has become known for gases such as NH
Plasma-catalytic Conversion of Methane by DBD and Gliding Discharges
Authors: Schmidt-Szałowski Krzysztof , Górska Agnieszka , Młotek Michał
Published: November 2016

The methane conversion into C
TiO2-Nitrogen Modified for Water Decolourisation under VIS Radiation
Authors: Wawrzyniak Beata , Tryba Beata , Morawski Antoni W.
Published: November 2016

The presented studies have focused on the application of photocatalysis in the degradation of azo dye Direct Green 99 (DG99) under artificial solar light irradiation. The comparison of three different TiO
Photoelectrochemical Decomposition of VOCs on an Anodized TiO2 Plate
Authors: Park Hoon , Choi Lang-kyu , Jung Ji-hoon
Published: November 2016

The immobilization technique is important to extend the application field of a photocatalyst. The titanium plate surface was changed into a TiO
Reactivity Indices for ortho/para Monosubstituted Phenols
Authors: San Nevim , Kılıç Murat , Çınar Zekiye
Published: November 2016

The kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation reactions of twelve ortho/para mono-substituted phenols containing electron-donating or -withdrawing groups have been investigated experimentally. With the intention of determining the most suitable DFT reactivity descriptors, geometry optimizations of the compounds have been performed with the Density Functional Theory DFT at B3LYP/6-31G* level. In order to take the effect of solvent water into account, the calculations have been repeated for the optimized structures by using COSMO as the solvation model. Chemical hardness, softness, electronegativities, Fukui functions, local hardness and softness, local electrophilicities and softness differences for all phenol molecules have been calculated. Correlations between the apparent initial first-order rate constants determined in the experiments and the calculated DFT reactivity descriptors have been examined. Results show that the reactions investigated are electrophilic in nature. The local softness and softness differences correlate well with the reaction rates indicating that soft-soft interactions dominate in the photocatalytic degradation reactions of phenols.
Effect of the Sintering Temperature on the Photocatalytic Activity of CdO + CdTiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Mayén-Hernández Sandra Andrea , Torres-Delgado Gerardo , Castanedo-Pérez Rebeca , Mendoza-Alvarez Julio Gregorio , Zelaya-Angel Orlando
Published: November 2016

CdO + CdTiO
Metal-Oxide Photoassisted Degradation of Binary Systems of Cationic / Anionic Surfactants and their Components in Aqueous Dispersions
Authors: Hidaka Hisao , Yanagisawa Ippei , Honjou Haruo , Koike Takayoshi , Oyama Toshiyuki , Serpone Nick
Published: November 2016

The TiO
Oxidation of Pesticides in Water by Fenton and Photo-Fenton Reactions
Authors: Kassinos Despo , Constantinou Maria , Varnava Nektaria , Papadopoulos Achilleas , Vlachos Savvas , Mantzavinos Dionissios
Published: November 2016

The degradation of four pesticides, namely atrazine (ATZ), fenitrothion (FNT), 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPA) by Fenton and UVA-induced photo-Fenton reactions was investigated. Experiments were conducted at pH 3-3.5 and various Fe(II) and H
Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of Electrosynthesised Tungsten Trioxide- Titanium Dioxide Bi-Layer Coatings for the Photooxidation of Organics
Authors: Georgieva J. , Armyanov S. , Valova E. , Philippidis N. , Poulios I. , Sotiropoulos S.
Published: November 2016

Bi-layer WO
Effect of Contaminant Hydrophobicity in the Treatment of Contaminated Soils by Catalyzed H2O2 Propagations (Modified Fenton’s Reagent)
Authors: Watts Richard J. , Haeri-McCarroll Tanya M. , Teel Amy L.
Published: November 2016

The effect of contaminant hydrophobicity on hydrogen peroxide dosage requirements in the treatment of contaminated soils using catalyzed H
Ozone Transfer and Decomposition of Isopropyl Alcohol by H2O2/Ozone Process in a Rotating Packed Contactor
Authors: Ku Young , Huang Yun-Jen , Chen Hua-Wei , Chou Yiang-Chen
Published: November 2016

Ozone transfer and decomposition of isopropyl alcohol in aqueous solution by H
Photocatalytic Destruction of Geosmin Using Novel Pelleted Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Bellu Edmund , Lawton Linda A. , Robertson Peter K. J.
Published: November 2016

Geosmin is produced by cyanobacteria and actinomycetes in surface waters. It causes undesirable earthy off-flavours in freshwater fish and is a major concern for the drinking water industry. This paper presents the first published study on the use of the novel pelleted TiO
Modulating the Oxidation of FMNH2 by Organophosphorus Compounds
Authors: Guo Wen , Ciptadjaya Christopher G. E. , Liu Minghong , Simms Catherine M. , Obare Sherine O.
Published: November 2016

The oxidation of FMNH
Photocatalysis with TiO2 and SnO2/TiO2 Films Examined by a Kinetic Model
Authors: Mladenova Dessislava , Dushkin Ceco , Puma Gianluca Li
Published: November 2016

Here we prepare TiO
Effect of Ozone Oxidation on the Molecular and Kinetic Properties of Effluent Organic Matter
Authors: Rosario-Ortiz Fernando L. , Mezyk Stephen P. , Wert Eric C. , Doud Devin F. R. , Singh Manu K. , Xin Mei , Baik Seungyun , Snyder Shane A.
Published: November 2016

The effect of ozone oxidation on the second order reaction rate constant between effluent organic matter (EfOM) and hydroxyl radical (
Treatment of Antibiotic Formulation Wastewaters by Fenton Process
Authors: Tünay Olcay , Samuk Beyza , Ölmez Tugba , Kabdaşlı Işık
Published: November 2016

Pharmaceuticals formulation plants have a variety of wastewater sources. A significant part of these wastewaters can be directly conducted to central biological treatment. Among the wastewater groups that need a pretreatment, antibiotic wastewaters require a special attention due to their toxicity to biological treatment and low biodegradability. In this study, pretreatment of antibiotic formulation wastewaters by Fenton oxidation process was experimentally investigated. Three different antibiotic formulations, all having common use, were selected. The basic formulation of the antibiotics used were; cefuroxime axetil, ceftriaxone and sulfisoxazole. Strength of all three samples was similar and around 1000 mg/L COD. Fenton oxidation proved very effective on all samples. Optimum conditions of oxidation were found as; pH 2, Fe
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Pulp Bleaching Effluent
Authors: Balcıoğlu Işıl Akmehmet , Moral Çiğdem Kıvılcımdan
Published: November 2016

Catalytic ozonation is a promising treatment method for both water and wastewater. In this study, in order to increase the biodegradability of bleaching wastewater from an integrated pulp- and -paper production plant, granulated activated carbon-(GAC), iron-(Fe
A Novel Adsorption/Saturation Approach to Ultrasonic Degradation of Phenol
Authors: Kidak Rana , Ince Nilsun H.
Published: November 2016

The study describes development and application of a kinetic model based on the local concentration of solutes and hydroxyl radicals to predict the rate of ultrasonically induced oxidative degradation of phenol at 300 kHz. The results reveal that the degradation follows saturation kinetics. The rate is slow at low concentrations of the solute, increases with concentration and reaches a maximum at what we defined as “the critical concentration”. At higher concentrations (than the “critical”) the rate slows down and stabilizes at a plateau as it becomes concentration-independent. Owing to the similarity of sonochemical reactions in water to chemical reactions in heterogeneous systems, a kinetic model based on Langmuir adsorption isotherm is developed to predict the rate of reaction in terms of the initial concentration of the solute. The similarity of the model to models describing catalytic and adsorptive reaction kinetics is explained by reduced mass transfer limitations under ultrasonic irradiation, and localization of the solute at the bubble-liquid interface as a function of concentration.
Depletion of Several Antibiotics Used in Industrial Process Using Immobilized TiO2
Authors: Pérez Paola , Lizama Cristián , Caneo Cecilia , Ollino Mario
Published: November 2016

In this work was studied the effect that the variables pH, irradiation wavelength and the molar ratio H
Oxidative Pretreatment of Fresh and Mature Landfill Leachate
Authors: Gotvajn A. Žgajnar , Zagorc-Končan J. , Derco J. , Almasiova B. , Kassai A.
Published: November 2016

The aim of our research was to evaluate treatment efficiency of Fenton’s process and ozonation for the treatment of two landfill leachates (fresh and mature), both resulting from municipal waste disposal. Both samples had high organic load (COD of the fresh and mature landfill leachate were 2700 and 490 mg·L
Degradation of 4-n-nonylphenol in Water by 20 kHz Ultrasound
Authors: Gultekin Isil , Tezcanli-Guyer Gökce , Ince Nilsun H.
Published: November 2016

Sonochemical degradation of 4-n-Nonylphenol (NP) by 20 kHz ultrasound was investigated at varying substrate concentrations, sparge gases and pH. It was found that increases in the initial concentration of NP led to slower rate of degradation, due to increasing fraction of the solutes at the interfacial area at higher concentrations. The impact of pH was such that the rate of degradation was maximum at pH=10.8, minimum at pH=3.0 and in between the two extremes at pH=6.0. Extreme rapidness of the reaction at alkaline conditions was related to the pKa of NP (10.7) and the facilitation of the covalent bond cleavage between the phenolic and alkyl groups. The fact that the reaction was faster at acidic pH than at pH 6 was attributed to the protonation of the molecule that supported its migration towards the negatively charged gas bubbles. The rate of reaction was also accelerated by bubbling oxygen gas and by the addition of Fenton and Fenton-like reagents (Fe
Integration of Photocatalysis with Ultrafiltration or Membrane Distillation for Removal of Azo Dye Direct Green 99 from Water
Authors: Mozia Sylwia , Morawski Antoni W.
Published: November 2016

An application of hybrid processes photocatalysis - ultrafiltration (UF) and photocatalysis - direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD, MD) for removal of azo-dye Direct Green 99 from water is presented. Titanium dioxide Aeroxide® P25 (Degussa, Germany) was used as a photocatalyst. It was found that both membrane processes were effective in separation of TiO
Binder Effect on Photocatalytic Performance of TiO2 Solution Coating Layers
Authors: Nakamura Kohzo , Yamaoka Takashi , Nagatsuka Tatsuki , Taga Yasunori
Published: November 2016

In fabrication process of photocatalysts, solution coating process has been expected to become a promising technique because of practical advantages of productivity. This process is, however, far from practical use for the reason of tecchnical problems. One of the most difficult problems is to immobilize the photocatalysts powder because final photocatalytic performance of coating layer was strongly affected by the immobilization process. In order to investigate the immobilization process, TiO
Rhodamine B Discolouration on TiO2 in the Cement Environment: A Look at Fundamental Aspects of the Self-cleaning Effect in Concretes
Authors: Folli A. , Jakobsen U. H. , Guerrini G. L. , Macphee D. E.
Published: November 2016

The present work addresses the photocatalytic properties of two commercial titanias for application in concrete technology. A microsized, m-TiO
Liquid Phase Epoxidation of Allylic Compounds with Hydrogen Peroxide at Autogenic and Atmospheric Pressure over Mesoporous Ti- MCM-48 Catalyst
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Milchert Eugeniusz
Published: November 2016

The epoxidation of allylic compounds: allyl alcohol, methallyl alcohol and methallyl chloride to corresponding epoxides: glycidol, 2-methylglycidol and 2-methylepichlorohydrin with hydrogen peroxide over Ti-MCM-48 catalyst has been studied. The epoxidation was carried out with 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide in methanol as a solvent under autogenic pressure (in autoclave) and at atmospheric pressure in a glass reactor. The optimal technological parameters and regions of advantageous changes of: temperature, the molar ratio allylic compound/H
Removal of NO2 Produced by Corona Discharge in Indoor Air Cleaning
Authors: Huang Liping , Yang Shu , Liu Shengjie , Wang Qinghua , Zhu Yimin
Published: November 2016

In order to remove NO
Degradation of Bisphenol-A by Ozonation
Authors: Gultekin Isil , Mavrov Valko , Ince Nilsun H.
Published: November 2016

The study reports the degradation of an endocrine disrupting compound- bisphenol A (BPA) by ozonation at slightly acidic pH with emphasis on the operational parameters (e.g. BPA concentration, ozone addition and mass transfer rate, contact time), reaction kinetics, rate constants and oxidation byproducts. It was found that the rate of BPA decay (pseudo-first order with respect to concentration) was accelerated with increased ozone addition rate and decreased BPA initial concentration. The profile of aqueous ozone concentration was such that it remained constant during 1-3 min of contact and increased thereafter. The bimolecular reaction rate constant was estimated using the steady state concentration of ozone and the value found was in good agreement with those reported in the literature for similar pH. Total mineralization was most rapid before complete conversion of BPA and much slower thereafter, implying low reactivity of the intermediate products with ozone. Mineralization was enhanced by alkalinization to pH 10.8, which facilitated the overall degradation process via the formation of radical species that were less selective than ozone. Byproducts of oxidation in successive order of formation were p-tert-butylphenol, hydroquinone, methyl-dihydrobenzofuran and n-butyl acetate, none of which are classified as endocrine disruptors.
Electrical Discharge Characteristics Using a Bubble in Water and Their Applications to the Water Treatment
Authors: Yamabe Chobei , Ihara Satoshi
Published: November 2016

The discharge in the single bubble that was introduced or fixed between the main electrodes was carried out and the electrical discharge characteristics in water were measured. The time-integrated photographs confirmed both the discharge along the bubble surface and the direct penetration in a bubble. The onset breakdown voltage increased gradually with the conductivity of treated water in range of 1.0 ~ 22.0 [ μ S/cm]. The onset breakdown voltage also increased with the steepness of the applied voltage dv/dt.
Development of Higher Yield Ozonizer Based on Nano-Seconds Pulsed Discharge
Authors: Wang Douyan , Matsumoto Takao , Namihira Takao , Akiyama Hidenori
Published: November 2016

Energy efficient generation of ozone is very important because ozone is being used increasingly in a wide range of industrial applications. In this study, ultra-short duration pulsed streamer discharges with a duration of 5 ns hava been used to produce ozone in a wire-to-cylinder electrode reactor. The triaxial Blumlein configuration is used for the nano-seconds pulsed generator. Ozone concentration and ozone production yield were measured at various applied voltages (50 to 70 kV), and pulse repetitions (10 to 60 pps) at atomospheric pressure in oxygen and air. The experimental results showed that the ozone concentration (g/m
Ozone Mass Transfer in a Recirculating Loop Semibatch Reactor Operated at High Pressure
Authors: Moslemi Mohammadreza , Davies Simon H. , Masten Susan J.
Published: November 2016

The effects of water flow rate, mixing, gaseous ozone concentration, inlet gas flow rate, temperature, and pH on ozone hydrodynamics at high pressure were studied. Varying the cross flow rate had only a slight influence on the ozone mass transfer rates, indicating that sufficient mixing in the reactor was attained at the low flow rates used. The addition of an inline static mixer had a negligible effect on aqueous ozone concentrations in the reactor, suggesting that mixing was sufficient without the mixer. The ozone mass transfer increased with increasing gaseous ozone concentration and with the inlet gas flow rate. The dissolved ozone concentration decreased with increasing pH due to the greater rate of ozone decomposition at higher pH. Increasing the temperature resulted in a decrease in the ozone mass transfer. A model to describe the ozone mass transfer was developed. Good agreement between the model predictions and the experimental data was achieved.
Thin Layers of Photocatalytic TiO2 Prepared by Inkjet Printing of a Sol-gel Precursor
Authors: Dzik Petr , Veselý Michal , Chomoucká Jana
Published: November 2016

Transparent thin layers of photocatalytic TiO
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Four Model Mercaptans from Aquatic Environment Using Ag-ZnO Nanocomposite Thin Film for Odor Control
Authors: Habibi Mohammad Hossein , Sheibani Reza
Published: November 2016

In this study, Ag-ZnO nanocomposite thin film catalysts coated on glass prepared by a simple spin-coating method were used to mineralize four model mercaptans, 2-Mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO), 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), 3-Mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (MT) and 2-Mercaptopyrimidine (MP) for odor control. Ag-ZnO nanocomposite thin film was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX). It was found that these mercaptans underwent photocatalytic degradation in the presence of Ag-ZnO nano-composite thin film, and the optimum catalyst was Ag-ZnO with 0.064 molar percent of Ag. The rate of photocatalytic process carried out with Ag-ZnO thin film as well as the relationship between the operational parameters. This fundamental research about the photocatalytic reaction provides essential knowledge with potential to further develop a new process for mercaptan degradation in odor control.
What Are Titania Photocatalysts?―An Exploratory Correlation of Photocatalytic Activity with Structural and Physical Properties
Authors: Ohtani Bunsho , Mahaney Orlando Omar Prieto , Amano Fumiaki , Murakami Naoya , Abe Ryu
Published: November 2016

This article reports on an exploratory statistical analysis of the photocatalytic activity of titanium(IV) oxide (TiO
Considerations of Particle Size in Aqueous Phase Photocatalysis kinetics with TiO2
Authors: Almquist Catherine
Published: November 2016

There are inconsistencies in the literature regarding the optimum particle size for TiO
Binary Cationic BDDAC/Anionic DoS Surfactant Systems of Variable Compositions.Mineralization by an Advanced Oxidation Process in Aqueous Dispersions
Authors: Hidaka Hisao , Tamano Tatsuya , Fujimoto Takashi , Machinami Tomoya , Oyama Toshiyuki , Horiuchi Teruo , Serpone Nick
Published: November 2016

The TiO
Effect of Post-annealing on the Photocatalytic Activity of Hydrothermally Synthesised Titania Nanotubes
Authors: Wadhwa Shikha , Hamilton Jeremy W. J. , Dunlop Patrick S.M. , Dickinson Calum , Byrne John A.
Published: November 2016

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been reported to be effective for the degradation of a wide range of organic pollutants and the inactivation of pathogens in water. The use of nanostructured materials is one approach to improving photocatalytic efficiency. Titanate nanotubes were prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis and annealing yielded titania nanotubes, nanorods and crystals. These materials were characterized using XRD, XPS, BET and TEM. The photocatalytic activities were studied using phenol and formic acid as model pollutants. The as-prepared titanate nanotubes had a very high specific surface area (401 m
Low Temperature Preparation of Porous Crystalline TiO2 Films Using a Combination of Electrochemical and Electrophoretical Deposition
Authors: Wessels Katrin , Oekermann Torsten , Wark Michael
Published: November 2016

Crystalline TiO
Natural Zeolite Reactivity Towards Ozone: The Role of Acid Surface Sites
Authors: Alejandro Serguei , Valdés Héctor , Zaror Claudio. A.
Published: November 2016

Ground-level ozone is an air pollutant which interferes with plant photosynthesis, stunts overall growth of some plant species, and harms animal respiratory systems. Activated carbon, synthetic zeolites, metal oxides and noble metals have been used as catalysts to destroy ozone. However, the high costs of these materials impair their application at full-scale. Low cost natural zeolites could be an interesting option for ozone elimination. In this work, the influence of Chilean natural zeolite chemical surface properties on gaseous ozone removal was evaluated. Chemical modifications of Chilean natural zeolite showed the role of acid surface sites and the Si/Al ratio on gaseous ozone abatement. Samples were characterised by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, elemental analyses, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and hygroscopic analyses. The influence of air humidity on gaseous ozone removal using natural and modified zeolite samples was also evaluated. The results showed that lower Si/Al ratio corresponds to a higher density of Lewis acid sites. It was found that increasing the zeolite surface area does not improve gaseous ozone removal. The conversion of Brønsted acid sites into Lewis acid sites at 823 K led to an increase on ozone removal.
The Effect of Operational Parameters on the Photocatalytic Degradation of C.I. Reactive Yellow 86 Textile Dye Using Manganese Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Films
Authors: Habibi Mohammad Hossein , Askari Elham
Published: November 2016

Manganese zinc oxide semiconductor thin films have been deposited by sol-gel process on glass substrate which was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The as deposited thin films on glass are monophasic with good crystallinity and hexagonal wurtzite structure. In order to increase the photocatalytic efficiency of the zinc oxide coatings the authors optimized the sol-gel process and doped the coatings with manganese. By slightly doping the zinc oxide films with 2 at% manganese the photocatalytic performance is increased compared to pure zinc oxide semiconductor thin films. The photocatalytic performance of the manganese zinc oxide films was evaluated by the decomposition of a textile dye (C.I. Reactive Yellow 86) (RY86) with UV light irradiation. This investigation will give a new insight to understanding the industrial textile dye photodegradation in aquatic environment.
Comparison of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) based on O3 and H2O2 for the Remediation of Real Wastewaters
Authors: Martins Rui C. , Quinta-Ferreira Rosa M.
Published: November 2016

Several treatment strategies based in ozone and hydrogen peroxide (single, catalytic ozonation over Mn-Ce-O and Fe
Degradation of Ivermectin by Fenton and Photo-Fenton and Toxicity Test Using Daphnia similis
Authors: Dal Bosco Sandra M. , Barbosa Izabela M. , Candello Fernando P. , Maniero Milena G. , Rath Susanne , Guimarães José R.
Published: November 2016

This work evaluated the degradation of ivermectin, a veterinary drug widely used in the treatment of ectoparasites and endoparasites, and the removal of acute toxicity (using Daphnia similis) by Fenton (Fe
Activity of TiO2 Photocatalyst Modified with H2WO4 for Degradation of Organic Compounds in Water
Authors: Tryba B. , Piszcz M. , Tsumura T. , Toyoda M. , Morawski A. W.
Published: November 2016

TiO
Application of Fenton´s Reagent for Acrylic Dyeing Wastewater Decolorization, Organic Matter Reduction and Biodegradability Improvement
Authors: Rodrigues Carmen S. D. , Boaventura Rui A. R. , Madeira Luis M.
Published: November 2016

Fenton's reagent oxidation was employed for organic matter and color removal, along with biodegradability improvement, of a synthetic acrylic dyeing wastewater, previously treated by coagulation/flocculation. The initial iron load in the Fenton’s stage varied from the residual soluble iron concentration resulting from the coagulation/ flocculation process (which was 275 mg Fe/L) up to 400 mg/L, by adding increasing amounts of ferrous sulfate. The combination of the two treatments led to overall removals of 99.8, 84.2 and 78.6% for color, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively, complying with maximum allowable discharge values. The Fenton process was also directly applied to the effluent. Under the optimum conditions, the color removal (99.5%) was similar to that obtained in the combined process, but DOC and COD removals were lower (66.5 and 65.1%, respectively). An improvement of the wastewater biodegradability was observed in such condition: the specific oxygen uptake rate and BOD:COD ratio increased from < 0.2 to 17.9 mgO
Assessing the Effect of Inorganic Anions on TiO2-Photocatalysis and Ozone Oxidation Treatment Efficiencies
Authors: Barndõk Helen , Hermosilla Daphne , Cortijo Luis , Negro Carlos , Blanco Ángeles
Published: November 2016

Considering the application of AOPs might be limited for the treatment of industrial wastewater with high inorganic load, and that partial results reported to date regarding this particular are inconclusive, even opposite in some cases, the effect of inorganic anions on the oxidation efficiency of photocatalysis and ozonation has been further assessed with statistical significance. While the presence of sulphate and chloride did not appreciably affect the photocatalytic oxidation of phenol, nitrate significantly enhanced the removal of COD (≈ 8-15%). The addition of carbonate simply increased the pH, which strongly inhibited the photocatalytic process; whereas if pH=5 was kept constant, the reduction of the COD was not affected by the presence of carbonate. On the other hand, sulphate, chloride and nitrate did not significantly affect the degradation of phenol by ozonation; whereas the presence of carbonate apparently enhanced the reduction of COD. It is actually proved that this improvement in the efficiency of the treatment was produced by the pH buffering effect of these ions, rather than to its presence itself, which actually significantly reduced the removal of COD (5-10%) by radical scavenging action in comparison to when the treatment was performed in the absence of anions in the solution adjusting the pH to similar basic values (≈9.5-13.5). When ozonation was performed at a pH close to neutral (6.5 ± 0.2) or basic (12 ± 0.2), at which the indirect oxidation of hydroxyl radical is surely widely active, the results were significantly enhanced in any case (COD removal ≈ 70-75%), whether in the absence or the presence of these anions; despite the significant slight radical scavenging effect (COD removal ≈ 65-70%) that was attributed to the addition of carbonate.
Hydrogen Peroxide Generation by DC and Pulsed Underwater Discharge in Air Bubbles
Authors: Xiong Ranhua , Nikiforov Anton , Vanraes Patrick , Leys Christophe
Published: November 2016

The generation of H
Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Oxidation of Organic Pollutants on Structured Catalysts
Authors: Sannino Diana , Vaiano Vincenzo , Isupova Lyubov A. , Ciambelli Paolo
Published: November 2016

In this work the photo-Fenton process for removing organic substances from wastewater was studied by utilizing LaFeO
Degradation of Monoethanolamine by Electron Beam Irradiation: Kinetic Study and Comparison with O3 and UV AOPs
Authors: Yoon Yeojoon , Kwon Minhwan , Lee Byung–Cheol , Kang Joon–Wun
Published: November 2016

This study investigated the removal efficiency of MEA by the established AOPs (O
Oxidation of Elemental Mercury with Non-Thermal Plasma Coupled with Photocatalyst
Authors: Yang Hongmin , Hou Wenhui , Zhang Hairu , Zhou Leiyu
Published: November 2016

A promising approach has been developed to oxidize and remove elemental mercury species from coal-fired flue gas. The oxidation of gas-phase elemental mercury (Hg
Photocatalytic Decolorization of Methyl Orange in Bi2O3 Suspension System
Authors: Zhong Jun Bo , He Xi Yang , Li Jian Zhang , Zeng Jun , Lu Yan , Hu Wei
Published: November 2016

The present work aims to investigate the apparent kinetic model, effect of the pH value and the possible mechanism. The paper reveals that Methyl Orange (MO) can be decolorized effectively in β-Bi
Water Remediation Using Pulsed Power Discharge under Water with an Advanced Oxidation Process
Authors: Takahashi Katsuyuki , Takaki Koichi , Satta Naoya
Published: November 2016

In the present study, the degradation of organic contaminants by streamer discharge using a pulsed power generator under water is investigated. The experiments are conducted based on the decolorization of two dyes, Acid Red 1 and Acid Blue 74, and the decomposition of 1,4-dioxane. A gas-liquid separated reactor is developed and employed to achieve degradation with high energy efficiency. A tungsten wire electrode is placed in the gas phase, and a grounded 316 stainless steel wire is immersed in the water. The pulsed high voltage is generated by a magnetic pulse compression circuit and is applied to the wire electrode to generate streamer discharges in the gas region, which propagate into the bubble injected into the water. Oxygen and argon gases are injected to identify the dominant reactions of the degradation of organic contaminants. Acid Red 1 and Acid Blue 74 solutions are successfully decolorized by the discharges. The ozone produced by discharges in the gas region primarily decolorizes the dye solutions. The total organic carbon (TOC) of the 1,4-dioxane solution decreases due to discharge when argon is injected. The decrement rate of TOC does not increase through gaseous ozone injection or by discharges in the case of oxygen injection. These results show that the chemical species produced by discharges and by chemical reactions in the solution, such as hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, primarily decompose 1,4-dioxane. Iron ions dissolved by electrolysis enhanced the TOC decrement rate according to the Fenton reaction in acidic conditions.
Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as a Probe in Heterogeneous TiO2 Photocatalysis
Authors: Diesen Veronica , Jonsson Mats
Published: November 2016

In this work we present a new route to probe the efficiency of aqueous TiO
Non-Thermal Plasma Aided Soil Decontamination
Authors: Stryczewska Henryka D. , Pawłat Joanna , Ebihara Kenji
Published: November 2016

Low temperature atmospheric pressure plasmas (LTPs) together with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are alternative to conventional chemical methods of soil decontamination. The processing of soil itself depends on several factors, like type of soil and pollutants, treatment technique, geological and atmospheric circumstances. In the paper problems of soil, water, buildings, farms, land, and housing contaminations after floods and ecological disasters have been introduced. Plasma aided techniques together with AOPs have been presented from the point of view of decontamination potential as well as their impact on soil properties and fertility. Additionally, nanosize biological phenomena occurring in DNA strands during ozonation were visualized. The reaction of ozone with DNA is essential to understand the sterilization in agricultural soil. The structural images of the DNA samples were taken with the atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was shown that highly concentrated ozone broke hydrogen bonding of nuclei bases of DNA in relatively short time.
Power Systems of Plasma Reactors for Non-Thermal Plasma Generation
Authors: Stryczewska Henryka Danuta , Jakubowski Tomasz , Kalisiak Stanisław , Giżewski Tomasz , Pawłat Joanna
Published: November 2016

Recently, many different plasma sources are being investigated for exhaust gases treatment, odor abatement, VOC removal, soil conditioning, surface decontamination or tissue disinfection and sterilization. Among many different plasma reactors investigated in laboratories, gliding arc discharges (GAD), dielectric barrier discharges (DBD), pulsed discharges (PD), atmospheric pressure glow discharges (APGD) and atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ) seem to be the most promising for high pressure low temperature applications. They can be designed as multi-electrodes’ high power system that can be used in environment protection processes, like decontamination of large surfaces and treatment of large volume of polluted gases, as well as small size and low power devices for biomedical applications, like plasma healing, disinfection and sterilization. Paper presents review of power supply systems for cold plasma reactors. Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD), Gliding Arc Discharge (GAD) and atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) reactors with their supply systems have been discussed from the point view of their characteristics, possibility to control power to the discharge and efficiency. Taking into account the plasma reactor characteristics and nature (nonlinear resistive and/or capacitive) different solutions of power suppliers have been presented: transformer type, AC/DC/AC inverter, RF-frequency system and frequency resonant inverter.
Photocatalytic/Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Dye by Electrophoretic Nanostructured TiO2/Montmorillonite Composite Films
Authors: Rastgar M. , Zolfaghari A. R. , Mortaheb H. R. , Sayahi H. , Naderi H. R.
Published: November 2016

TiO
Reuse of Homogeneous Fenton’s Sludge from Detergent Industry as Fenton’s Catalyst
Authors: Rossi André F. , Martins Rui C. , Quinta-Ferreira Rosa M.
Published: November 2016

Fenton’s reaction is an advanced oxidation process where, classically, hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizing agent and an iron catalyst promotes the formation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Among the studies that evaluated different metals as Fenton-like catalysts, our group of investigation has recently used cerium-based solids as heterogeneous catalysts in slurry reaction and, in this work, iron sludge coming from an industrial Fenton’s reactor used for the wastewater depuration of a detergent production factory is being appraised while treating a synthetic effluent containing 0.1 g.L
Preparation of CIGS Thin Films by HiPIMS or DC Sputtering and Various Selenization Processes
Authors: Olejníček Jiří , Hubička Zdeněk , Kšírová Petra , Kment Štěpán , Brunclíková Michaela , Kohout Michal , Čada Martin , Darveau Scott A. , Exstrom Christopher L.
Published: November 2016

CuIn
Fragile Trust: Muslim Communities in Canada and the R v. NS Decision
Authors: Lenard Patti Tamara
Published: November 2016

In December 2012, the Canadian Supreme Court issued a ruling in R v. NS, in which a Muslim woman had demanded – citing her right to freedom of religion, as protected in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms – the right to cover her face, while giving testimony in a court of law. The defendants, also Muslim, demanded the right to see her face, in particular during cross-examination, as part of their right to the demeanor evidence that is necessary to provide “full answer and defense” and more generally as part of their right to a fair trial. The Supreme Court’s ruling stated that trial judges are entitled to make determinations about whether facial coverings must be removed, by weighing the rights of the accused to a fair trial against the rights of the accuser to freedom of religious practice, via what the court termed a “sincerity test.” This article considers the impact of the ruling and ultimately suggests that the decision will harm trust relations in Canada. In particular, the justifications offered in the judgment fail to respect the central objective of Canadian multiculturalism, i. e., to build trust among citizens of diverse backgrounds as a foundation for integrating minority communities into the public sphere on fair terms.
Niedertiefenbach. Ein Galeriegrab der spätneolithischen Wartberggruppe südwestlich von Niedertiefenbach (Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg, Hessen)
Authors: Rinne Christoph , Fuchs Katharina , Muhlack Juliane , Dörfer Christof , Mehl Albert , Nutsua Marcel , Krause-Kyora Ben
Published: November 2016

Das Galeriegrab von Niedertiefenbach stellt einen besonderen Befund der späten Wartberggruppe im Neolithikum der Deutschen Mittelgebirgsschwelle dar; nur hier findet sich ein in zehn Straten geborgenes Bestattungskollektiv von mindestens 177 Individuen. Eine umfangreiche Serie von Radiokarbondatierungen belegt ein wesentlich höheres Alter des Grabes als bisher publiziert und erlaubt die Modellierung einer Bestattungssequenz zwischen 3.350 und 2.900 cal BC. Eine neue paläopathologische Untersuchung, vorerst nur an den Schädeln vorgenommen, zeigt einen hohen Krankenstand mit zahlreichen entzündlichen Prozessen. Mit einer verheilten Trepanation bei einem Kind wird aber zugleich auch ein besonderes Wissen im Bereich der medizinischen Versorgung deutlich. Erste Analysen zur aDNA mittels Hochfrequenzsequenzierung (HTS) belegen die Anwesenheit mitochondrialer DNA mit den Haplogruppen U5 und X2. Der erstmalige Einsatz eines CAD/CAM-Computersystems (CEREC) bietet eine detaillierte Erfassung morphologischer und pathologischer Merkmale an den Zähnen und Kiefern mit noch folgender metrisch-statistischer Analyse.
Die Zeit der großen Gräben: Modelle zur Chronologie des Michelsberger Fundplatzes von Heilbronn-Klingenberg „Schlossberg“, Stadtkreis Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Seidel Ute , Stephan Elisabeth , Stika Hans-Peter , Dunbar Elaine , Kromer Bernd , Bayliss Alex , Beavan Nancy , Healy Frances , Whittle Alasdair
Published: November 2016

Vorgestellt wird der Versuch einer präziseren Datierung des Erdwerks von Heilbronn-Klingenberg “Schlossberg” am mittleren Neckar. Die angewendete Methode empfiehlt sich als Ausgangspunkt für weitere Untersuchungen zur Datierung und Belegungsdauer anderer Michelsberger Erdwerke des späten 5. bis frühen 4. Jahrtausends calBC. Vom Erdwerk von Klingenberg wurden in den Jahren 1986–1987 zwei Abschnittsgräben ausgegraben, die einen Lößsporn abriegeln, Spuren einer Palisade innerhalb des inneren Grabens, in beiden Gräben Reste einer verbrannten Holzkonstruktion, zahlreiche Gruben innerhalb wie auch außerhalb der Gräben, und in diesen Befunden zahlreiche Deponierungen von Hunden. Wenige Spuren einer vor-grabenzeitlichen Belegung datieren nach MK II und MK III/IV, doch fanden die Aktivitäten am Platz hauptsächlich während MK V/Munzingen statt. Der chronologische Ansatz kombiniert die detaillierte archäologische Befundinformation mit 14C-Datierungen aus sorgfältig ausgewählten Proben – verwendet wurden ganz überwiegend verkohltes Getreide, und Tierknochen, die anpassend oder einem Teilskelett zuweisbar sind – mit dem statistischen Filter nach dem Satz von Th. Bayes.

Für eine absolute Datierung der MK II Aktivitäten standen keine Proben zur Verfügung. Die Beprobung zweier MK III/IV Gruben legt deren Datierung in das 40.–39. Jh. cal BC nahe. Die Aktivitäten während MK V/Mz setzen dann ganz am Ende des 39. bzw. zu Beginn des 38. Jhs. cal BC ein. Entgegen der zuvor veröffentlichten Interpretation der Belegung des Platzes, ist anzunehmen, dass die Hauptaktivitäten erst mit der Anlage des Erdwerks begannen, beide Gräben dürften in zeitlich dichter Folge oder zeitgleich angelegt worden sein. Darauf folgte die Anlage von Gruben im Innenraum des Erdwerks, ab dem frühen 38. Jh. cal BC. Wohl nach wenigen Jahrzehnten wurden dann auch Gruben außerhalb des Grabensystems angelegt, in der Mitte des 38. Jhs. cal BC. Das Ende der Nutzung beider Gräben dürfte in die Mitte des 37. Jhs. cal BC fallen, sie wurden wohl zeitgleich aufgegeben, nach dem Brandereignis, das die sie begleitenden Konstruktionen zerstörte. Die Anlage von Gruben außerhalb der Gräben dürfte ab diesem Zeitpunkt geendet haben; im Innenraum könnten nach diesem Ereignis noch einige Gruben angelegt worden sein. Insgesamt ist mit MK V/Munzingen Aktivitäten über 120–150 Jahre zu rechnen. Alternative Modelle hierzu werden diskutiert.

Erörtert werden lokale und überregionale Auswirkungen dieser Datierungsansätze, sowie Umstände, unter denen das Erdwerk wohl erbaut und dann wieder zerstört wurde, die Bedeutung für die Keramikchronologie der MK, und die allgemeine Entwicklung der Erdwerke der MK und anderer Regionen.
A few considerations regarding the chronology of the Poieneşti-Lucaşeuca culture
Authors: Iarmulschi Vasile
Published: November 2016

Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrages steht eine Analyse zur Chronologie und Periodisierung der Poieneşti-Lucaşeuca-Kultur. Für die Bestattungen dieser Kultur lassen sich vier Entwicklungsphasen mittels Artefaktvergesellschaftung in den Grabinventaren isolierter Gräberfelder erkennen. Obwohl sich chronologisch relevantes Material leider nur selten in den Siedlungen des Poieneşti-Lucaşeuca-Typs nachweisen lässt, erarbeitete Verfasser eine Chronologie für unterschiedliche Lebensräume. Vier Phasen konnten durch die Verknüpfungen von Bestattungs- und Siedlungsfunden des Poieneşti-Lucaşeuca-Typs erkannt werden. Eine Synchronisierung dieser Phasen mit den mitteleuropäischen Stufen LT C1b, LT C2, LT D1 und LT D2 sowie mit den Stufen a–d der jüngeren vorrömischen Eisenzeit nach R. Hachmann ist möglich, absolutchronologisch umfasst dies einen Zeitraum vom Ende des 3. Jahrhunderts bis zum letzten Viertel des 1. vorchristlichen Jahrhunderts.
High ambient noise levels in Vadodara City, India, affected by urbanization
Authors: Singh Neha , Dhiman Hitesh , Shaikh Sadaf , Shah Purvish , Sarkar Roma , Patel Shashin
Published: November 2016

The present research was conducted to study the urbanization of Vadodara city and to monitor the ambient noise level in the industrial, commercial, residential and silence zones of the city. A settlement map created by unsupervised classification for the land use and land cover study of Vadodara city clearly shows the increasing pattern of urbanization in its central part, which may be the result of urban sprawl due to migration of people from the rural to the urban areas. The fluctuation in ambient noise level was recorded using an A-weighted sound level meter in all the four zones of Vadodara city for 3 h at regular intervals of 15 min on 3 consecutive days at the same time. The results showed the highest equivalent noise level of 93.7 dBA in the commercial zone followed by 85.5 dBA in the industrial zone, 73.2 dBA in silence zone, and 70.2 dBA in the residential zone. The values of noise level were high in all the zones of the city increasing remarkably over the prescribed limit given in the Noise Pollution (Control and Regulation) Rules, 2000. Continuous exposure to such high level of noise may lead to detrimental effect on people.