bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authors: Murdiono Murdiono
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini meneliti tentang ta�rib (kata-kata non Arab) didalam al-Qur�an menurut Mazhab al-Imam Jalaluddin as-Suyuty. Selain itu, menjelaskan juga makna kata yang termasuk ta�rib didalam al-Qur�an. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan peneliti adalah Penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan teknik analisis data yang gunakan yaitu teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif, dengan pendekatan Strukturalis,Historis, dan Idiologis. Adapun hasil Penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah Pertama Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya ta�rid dalam Bahasa Arab khususnya didalam al- Qur�an karena faktor Historis yaitu kedekatan letak geografis, hubungan perdagangan, imigrasi, kekuasaan politik, kecenderungan religius, kultur, ekonomi, indrustri, dengan bangsa-bangsa lain. kedua, Bahasa Arab tumbuh dan berkembang dengan bahasa syami�ah terdekatnya, seperti bahasa Ibrani, bahasa Aramiah, bahasa Akadiah sehingga secara tidak langsung akan terjadi pergeseran Bahasa, budaya,dll. Ketiga dalam madhzab as-Suyuti, beliau meyakini dan tidak mengingkari tentang adanya mu�arab dan ta�rib didalam al-Qur�an sehingga beliau mengumpulkan sekitar 125 kata non Arab didalam al- Qur�an yang terdiri dari 13 Bahasa diantaranya Bahasa Persia, Habsyah, Ibrani, Suryaniyah, Nabathea, Berber, Zinjiyah, Yahudi, Romawi, India, Saizalah, Turki, Magrib, dan tersebar di 41 surat al-Qur�an.

Kata Kunci: Ta�rib, al-Qur�an, Imam as-Suyuty
Kontribusi Pemikiran Nahwu Imam Sibawaih dan Ibrahim Mushtafa dalam Linguistik Arab
Authors: Holilulloh Andi
Published: July 2020

This paper analyses the development of Arabic Syntax, starting from classical period up to modern one which is intuitively synthesis-pragmatic. The epistemology of classical and modern Arabic syntax is focused on the thoughts of Imam Sibawaih and Ibrahim Mu??afa to represent each A�jam and �Arab. This research uses the method of epistemology-comparative-history with procedure of intertext analysis. Method used by classical figures to compile Na?wu are sama?i, qiyasi, ijma�, ta?lil, ta'wil, isti?san and isti??ab with both philosophical and theological approaches. Meanwhile, methods used by modern figures in compiling Na?wu is tan?iriyyah and ta?biqiyyah. This research confirms what researchers explain that the contribution of Sibawaih to the development of Na?wu lays on the classification of i�rab for noun (ism) into raf �, na?b and khafd. This so-established theory is simplified by Ibrahim Mu??afa who says that i?rab consists of dammah and kasrah. He does not take fathah into account of i'rab.
Tendências contemporâneas das pesquisas em “Educação Inclusiva” e “Divulgação Científica” nos eventos científicos da área de educação no período de 2013 a 2018
Authors: Silva Jacqueline Ferreira Da
Published: July 2020

Esta pesquisa, definida como um estado da arte, tem como objetivo mapear trabalhos sobre atividades de divulgação científica realizadas no campo da educação especial. Investiga a presença das temáticas “Divulgação Científica” (DC) e “Educação Inclusiva” (EI) nos eventos da área de educação. Verifica a existência de trabalhos online. Caracteriza a produção acadêmico-científica vinculada a esses eventos e mapeia as relações existentes entre os temas. Enfoca essa análise nas três mais recentes edições dos eventos ENPEC, SBPC, ANPED e do Encontro Nacional de Popularização da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I) de 2013 sobre esses temas. Interroga se a relação entre EI e DC tem sido discutida nos eventos da área de educação. A metodologia adotada segue os contornos da pesquisa documental, de caráter teórico. A partir da busca por palavras chave dos temas da pesquisa, nos anais de eventos da área de educação selecionados, foram encontrados 239 trabalhos no ENPEC, 65 trabalhos no ANPED, 74 trabalhos do SBPC e 86 trabalhos do Encontro Nacional de Popularização da CT&I, contendo pelo menos um dos termos de busca. Em seguida, feita a leitura dos resumos dos trabalhos, foram identificados 06 trabalhos no ENPEC; 02 trabalhos no ANPED; 22 trabalhos no SBPC, 06 trabalhos no Encontro Nacional de Popularização da CT&I, que correlacionavam às duas temáticas. Assim, foi possível delinear um panorama recente da produção científica do referido campo, o que vem sendo pesquisado na área, e quais os focos temáticos utilizados. Observamos que os focos temáticos abordados nos trabalhados, foram bem distribuídas nos eventos ENPEC, ANPED e o Encontro Nacional de Popularização da CT&I, porém, no SBPC, houve maior incidência o foco temático recursos didáticos, em 14 trabalhos. Os resultados apontam importante carência em instrumentos educativos, que favoreçam as pessoas com deficiência em suas atividades de aprendizagem.
Fraud and Governance: A Review June 2020
Authors: Sayumwe Michel
Published: July 2020

This literature review is organized in five sections. Firstly, we begin with general ideas and continue with the origin of the fraudulent. Secondly, we discuss the struggle of the phenomena, insisting on the available mechanisms. Finally, we’ll discuss the link between audit and fraud.
Assessment of the Coliform Bacterial Load of Some Drinking Water Sources in Dutse Metropolis of Jigawa State Nigeria
Authors: Khalil Abubakar Ibrahim , Abubakar Mustapha Mohammed , Abubakar Muhammad M.
Published: July 2020

Drinking water samples from 5 sachet water companies, 3 boreholes and 2 taps, collected from different locations of Dutse Metropolis of Jigawa State, Nigeria were analysed for coliform bacterial counts using the Membrane Filtration Technique. All the samples contained some amounts of total coliforms, but mostly within permissible levels. Thirty three percent (33%) of the samples from borehole, 60% from sachet water and 100% from the taps contained faecal coliforms, which indicates contamination. Cultures of the faecal coliforms obtained were morphologically identified using the gram-staining procedure and some series of biochemical tests were carried out in order to identify the organisms. The identified organisms were Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella sp. and Citrobacter sp. Presence of coliforms above the regulatory set standards indicates contamination and un-safeness of the water for drinking. Presence of organisms such as E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Citrobacter sp. necessitates improvement in monitoring and water hygiene practices to improve the quality of drinking water in the study area.
Volume Fractions of Tantalum Carbides Deduced from the Ta Contents in the Matrix of Three 1250°C–Aged Cobalt–Based Alloys; Comparison with Thermodynamic Calculations
Authors: Berthod Patrice
Published: July 2020

Some superalloys for service at high temperature under stresses are strengthened by tantalum carbides. Their creep resistance depends on the quantity of TaC and this is the reason why it is often important to control the volume fraction of these carbides in the microstructure. Metallographic preparation followed by electron imaging and surface fraction measurements by image analysis is a frequent way for that. Another possibility is to deduce the mass fraction of TaC, and after their volume fraction, from the chemical composition of the matrix when the alloys are only double–phased, on the {matrix + TaC} type. In this work three alloys – chemically designed to be made exclusively of matrix and TaC – were elaborated and isothermally exposed to an elevated temperature for a duration long enough to allow the alloys being at their thermodynamic equilibria. The chemical compositions of the alloy and of its matrix were measured and the results allowed evaluating their TaC mass fractions which were converted in volume fractions. The obtained TaC fractions were compared to results issued from thermodynamic calculations. Good agreement was found for the three alloys, and this allowed to exploit the used software and thermodynamic database to explore further the microstructures at the same high temperature, notably to know the conditions on the Co, Ni, Cr, Ta and C contents to keep the {matrix + TaC} structure and to avoid any possible partial melting.
Stability and adaptability in assai palm tree progenies by gge biplot
Authors: Yokomizo Gilberto Ken Iti , Hongyu Kuang , Farias Neto João Tomé de , Oliveira Maria Do Socorro Padilha de
Published: July 2020

TThe increasing demand for the fruit of the assai palm has generated the need for research to enable higher productivity. A GGE biplot was used to analyze the behavior of 30 assai palm tree genotypes from Anajás city and grown in Tomé-Açu, Pará, in a randomized complete block design, with 30 treatments (progenies G1 until G30), three replicates and five plants per plot in four years (A1 until A4). The following characteristics were evaluated: total weight of bunches (PTC), in grams; total weight of fruit (PTF), in grams; and average weight of 100 fruit (PCF). Obtaining as conclusions that the progenies G10 for PTC and PTF; G19 for large fruits or G25 for “chumbinho” fruits for PCF are closest to the ideotype, with better average performance and also in terms of stability and adaptability; most progenies with higher averages have poor stability in PTC and PTF, differently for PCF whose progenies were very close averages and concentrated in terms of stability; the GGE biplots allow us to visualize of the progenies behavior, of the years, of the interrelationship between progenies and years and identify the superior progenies. By graphical analysis of GGE Biplot the environments contribute more intensely to the interaction G x E in relation to the progenies, highlighting A3 for PTC; A2 for PTF and; A4 to PCF. The years A1 and A2 for PTC; A1 for PTF and; A2 for PCF represent the average from all years.
Repetibilidade e seleção indireta em progênies de açaizeiros provenientes de Anajás, Pará
Authors: Yokomizo Gilberto Ken Iti , Farias Neto João Tomé de , Oliveira Maria Do Socorro Padilha de
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo avaliar a repetibilidade em progênies oriundas de áreas ribeirinhas de Anajás e cultivadas num campo experimental em Tomé-Açu, Pará, visando identificar as mais estáveis, para fins de recomendação posterior após seleção. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com trinta progênies, três repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. As características avaliadas foram: peso médio do cacho (PMC); peso total de frutos (PTF); peso médio do cacho vazio (PMCV); tamanho médio da ráquis/cacho (TMR); peso médio de 100 frutos (PCF); número total de cachos (NTC) e; peso total do cacho (PTC). Os resultados da análise de variância mostram que a interação GxA foi mais importante, havendo dificuldades na seleção de materiais superiores e da necessidade de maior número de avaliações. As principais conclusões foram que as diferenças genéticas existentes nas progênies interagem de forma diferenciada com os fatores ambientais. Todas as características relacionadas a peso apresentaram herdabilidades e repetibilidades altas, facilitando uma seleção futura com estas características, exceto em TMR e NTC, necessitando de um grande número de avaliações dificultando os trabalhos de seleção. Com as correlações PTC, pode substituir TMR e NTC de forma indireta. Recomenda-se somente realizar uma seleção para esta população quando se alcançar o número de medições determinados pela análise de repetibilidade.
ASSESSMENT OF ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE DUE TO INHALATION AND INGESTION OF RADON IN WATER SAMPLES FROM THE CEMENT INDUSTRIAL AREA OF SOKOTO, NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Abba Lawal , Nasiru Rabi'u , Garba N. N. , Ahmed Yusuf A.
Published: July 2020

Water remains the most abundant and critical commodity for guaranteeing the continuity of human lives on earth. Ensuring cleanliness of water for human consumption is of paramount importance. The 222Rn concentration has been assessed in drinking water samples collected from various water resources used by communities around Sokoto Cement Company, with the view of assessing the radiological risk, if any, to human health. The sources of collected water samples were hand pumps and hand dug wells and water seepages. Determination of radon concentration was conducted using liquid scintillation counter (Model: Tri-Carb-LSA1000) following standard procedures. The overall mean value of 222Rn concentration was found to be 34±3.7 Bq/L The resulting mean annual effective doses due to inhalation of radon in the water samples was 41 μSvy-1, while ingestion for adults, children and infants were 248±27 μSvy-1, 372±40 μSvy-1 and 434±47 μSvy-1 respectively. These values are above the recommended benchmarks prescribed by UNSCEAR, WHO, European commission and USEPA guiding the utilization of water for drinking and domestic purposes. This indicates that the water resources around the cement company are not safe for drinking and domestic purposes from the radiological point of view.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Masyarakat Lokal dalam Pemanfaatan Endapan Tras Di Daerah Nagreg Kendan, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat
Authors: Widayati Sri , Usman Dudi Nasrudin , Sriyanti Sriyanti , Nuryahya HimawaN , Triwardhani Ike J.
Published: July 2020

Competency enhancement in trass utilization was given to local communities of Nagreg Kendan,Bandung, West Java. This activity was intended to explore the potential of local cummunity indeveloping trass deposit utilization for local economy. This activity is expected to providerecommendation and encouragement for local community to develop entrepreneurship in utilizing andmanaging mineral resources potential. This activity was divided into several parts, they are pre-test,counseling and discussion about trass utilization, and also post-test to evaluate local community’sbasic knowledge. Local community shows good knowledge and enthusiasm of local community indeveloping local economy through trass utilization.
Pemanfaatan Lubang Bekas Tambang Sebagai Danau Pascatambang di PT Kasongan Bumi Kencana Kabupaten Katingan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Putrawiyanta I Putu
Published: July 2020

Penambangan secara tambang terbuka akan menimbulkan perubahan rona lingkungan dan meninggalkan lubang bekas tambang (void).Void yang ditinggalkan pada akhir kegiatan tambang tanpa adanya perencanaan pemanfaatan berpotensi menimbulkan dampak yang tidak diinginkan bagi lingkungan. Rona akhir tambang dalam penelitian ini dibatasi pada: peruntukan lahan, dan kualitas air permukaan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan lubang bekas tambang (void) terhadap pembangunan berkelanjutan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lubang bekas tambang (void) berpotensi memberi kontribusi terhadap pembangunan berkelanjutan. Program pemberdayaan masyarakat sekitar tambang dalam memanfaatkan lubang bekas tambang menjadi sangat penting bagi kelangsungan penggerak ekonomi didaerah setempat. Kualitas air limbah tambang yang dilepas ke badan air atau sungai dan kualitas air permukaan yang berada pada lubang bekas tambang (void) menjadi gambaran terhadap bahaya atau tidaknya pemanfaatan air tersebut bagi kesehatan manusia.
Identity Navigation During Refugee Experiences
Authors: Schöpke-Gonzalez Angela , Thomer Andrea , Conway Paul
Published: July 2020

In 2018 the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees asserted that there are 25.4 million refugees worldwide. News media, state actors, and other bodies speak about refugees in ways that emphasize certain aspects of their experiences. We do not often hear how those identified as refugees speak about themselves and how they navigate their identities in the context of information. This article asks: How do self-identified refugee communities in Athens, Greece, and Hamburg, Germany, engage with information spaces during their refugee experiences to navigate identity in new receiving-society contexts? Drawing on Erving Goffman (1959) and Webb Keane’s (1997) idea that information transmission through interaction is at the center of identity development, this research uses a mixed method of semi-structured interviews and embedded participant observation. The findings expose three challenges to identity navigation at both sites: prolonged liminality, unfamiliar information spaces within receiving societies, and misinformed information spaces within receiving societies. In addressing these challenges, participants balanced tremendous effort and agency with the effects of systems beyond their control. The implications of our findings relate to the viability of liminality theories and the need for policy modifications to encourage receiving societies to assume responsibility for aspects of identity work within their control.
Beyond Guilt Trips
Authors: Grewal Kalina
Published: July 2020

Book Review
Hackathons as Instruments for Settlement Sector Innovation
Authors: Trinaistic Eliana
Published: July 2020

In Canada, the non-profit organizations (NPO) and settlement sectors are increasingly re-examining their responsibility for service delivery and service design. With a growing interest in understanding how to include design principles and an “innovation” mindset in addressing the long-term outcomes of social services, new instruments are introduced as a way to experiment with different modes of engagement among the various stakeholders. The aim of community hackathons or civic hacks—a derivative of tech gatherings customized to fit public engagement—is to collaboratively rethink, redesign, and resolve a range of social and policy issues that communities are facing, from settlement, the environment, health, or legal services. Although hackathons and civic hacks aspire to be democratic, relationship-driven instruments, aligned with non-profit principles of inclusion and diversity, they are also risky propositions from the perspective of the non-profit organizational culture in Canada in that they tend to lack solid structure, clear rules, and fixed outcomes. Despite the challenges, the promise of innovation is too attractive to be disregarded, and some non-profits are embarking (with or without the government’s help) on incorporating hackathons into their toolkits. This case study will present a practitioner’s perspective on the outcomes of two community hackathons, one exploring migration data sets and the other on language policy innovation, co-developed between 2016 and 2019 by MCIS Language Solutions, a Toronto based not-for-profit social enterprise, in partnership with various partners. The case study examines how the hackathon as an instrument can aid settlement sectors and governments in fostering non-profit innovation to rethinking the trajectory of taking solutions to scale.
Cover and Credits
Authors: Mallary Kevin J.
Published: July 2020

Cover and journal credits pages for Volume 4, Number 2.
Number of T- and B-lymphocytes and their functional activity in the blood of common carps affected by Aeromonosis, and in the treatment of probiotic
Enteronormin
Authors: Solopova Kh. , Vishchur O.
Published: July 2020

Fish bacterial infectious diseases are a significant problem for aquaculture, often leading to massive fish deaths and significant economic losses. For fish treatment often used antibacterial drugs: nitrofuran, antibiotics, feed antibiotics, as well as dyes. Finding effective drugs and studying their effects on the body of fish are relevant. Nowadays, different groups of substances, including probiotics, are offered as an alternative to increase the growth of animals and to combat pathogens. Here are the results of studies of the influence of the probiotic drug "Enteronormin" on the indicators that characterize the status of T- and B-cell immunity of carp affected by bacterial Aeromonosis. Enteronormin is a probiotic supplement , wich contains a bacteria complex - Enterococcus spp, Bacillus subtilis spp, Lactobacillus spp; and excipients - chitosan, peptone enzymatic and ground sugar (RP № BB-00427-02-12 dated 13.04.2012). The research was conducted under the conditions of aquariums at the Lviv Research Station of the Institute of Fisheries of NAAS. The control group, which consisted of clinically healthy fish, received only 3% starch suspension, the first experimental group (D1) - Aeromonosis affected carps who were given only 3% starch suspension, the second experimental group (D2), which consisted of carps affected Aeromonosis, through the probe within 7 days was administered the drug "Enteronormin", at the rate of 2 mg per 1 kg of fish weight, in the composition of 3% starch suspension. Before feeding for the carp drug was activated for 14-16 hours water enriched with Iodine and Selenium ions in the Jodis + Se form (TU U 15.7-30631018-011: 2011). It is established that the disease of carp on Aeromonosis leads to changes in the number and functional activity of immunocompetent blood cells. The inhibition of lymphocytogenesis and functional activity of immunocompetent cells in carp blood in a disease associated with the bacterial form of aeromonosis was ascertained. The use in the experimental carps group in the composition of 3% starch suspension of the drug "Enteronormin" had a normalizing effect on the state of T-cell specific protection, but did not significantly affect the amount of EAC-RUL and their functional activity.
Key words: fish, carp, aeromonosis, probiotics, Enteronormin, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes.
Tissue preparations as an eﬀ ective means of correction of sexual cyclicalityof infertile cows in the conditions of forest-steppe zone in Zhytomyr region
Authors: Revunets A. , Gryshchuk G. , Veremchuk Ya.
Published: July 2020

Implementation of the latest technologies of animal reproduction causes changes in the life of their body and inﬂ uences the manifestation of sexual cyclicity. As a result, one of the main tasks of specialists of veterinary medicine is the elimination of infertility of cows and heifers and improvement of methods of regulation of their reproductive functions. In recent years, in veterinary medicine for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes individually or in combination with other agents during pregnancy, in the postpartum period for gynecological diseases, to stimulate the functions of the sexual apparatus of animals, and their farming to improve productivity eﬀ ectively used biogenic stimulators, that are made of tissues and organs of animals and plants – tissue preparations. But remain changes of the sexual apparatus of infertile cows are not studied in their use. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to study the eﬀ ect of tissue preparations in a complex with ihglukovit for the correction of the sexual cycle of the infertile cows in the conditions of forest-steppe in Zhytomyr region. It has been found that the using tissue preparations make from the liver and placenta and ihglukovit for cows, time successful insemination was minimal and was 47.0±5.11 days. We also observed a positive eﬀ ect on the usefulness of the ﬂ ow of the sexual cycle when used in complex tissue preparations from the liver and placenta, as a consequence of infertility in the cow was of 17.00±1.14 days. As all experienced animals received ihglukovit, and the period of occurrence of complete sexual cycle and the eﬀ ectiveness of insemination of cows was diﬀ erent, then we assume that the changes in animals are due primarily to the inﬂ uence of tissue preparations. We believe that the using of "placental" tissue preparation make from the uterus of pregnant cows with contents was the most eﬀ ective, because it includes biologically active substances that are similar to the sexual apparatus of a cow. Analyzing the obtained results, we recommend to apply the tissue preparation liver, placenta and ihglukovit at a dose of 20 cm3 per animal, three times with an interval of 8-10 days to correct the sexual cycle of cattle and prevention of infertility. Key words: biogenic stimulant, tissue preparation, ihglukovit, reproduction, sexual cycle, infertility, cows.
The inﬂuence of the Selenium and Germanium on humoral immunity content in quails
Authors: Yemelyanenko A. , Shmayun S. , Nishmenenko M. , Yemelyanenko O. , Poroshinska O. , Stovbetska L. , Koziy V.
Published: July 2020

The results of the studies on the inﬂ uence of Selenium and Germanium nanoacqualates complex on the content of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in quail’s are presented in the article. It was found that the level of immunoglobulins is the main indicator of the state of humoral immunity. According to the results of the studies the content of immunoglobulins A, M, G in the quail’s serum was 0.80 ± 0.03 mg/ml, 0.30 ± 0.01 mg/ml, and 5.82 ± 0 , 06 mg/ml, accordingly. That are 31.1%, 20.0% and 6.0%, respectively, comparing with data of the control group. Inthe serum of ﬁ ve days old quail’s Ig A content was 0.84 ± 0.02 mg/ml, Ig M 0.54 ± 0.03 mg/ml and Ig G 6.87 ± 0.04 mg/ml, that consisted 29.2%, 42.1% and 5.0%, respectively, comparing with the control group. The content of circulating immune complexes (CEC) in theblood serum of one- and ﬁ ve-days old quails was 1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively lower than in the birds of the control group. The content of low molecular weight CECs in the serum of one- and ﬁ ve-days old quail, decreased signiﬁ cantly in both groups(in 2 and 1.1 times, respectively). This probably characterizes the overall eﬃ cacy and balance of the immune system's responses in quails exposed to Selenium and Germanium nanoacqualates at used doses of 0.05 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively. We consider that as a positive eﬀ ect on the immunity of quails in the early post-embryonic period. Therefore, the use of Selenium and Germanium nanoacqualates complex has a complementary eﬀ ect and helps to increase the immunoreactivity of young animals by maintaining the activity of the immune system.
Key words: Selenium nanoacquachelate, Germanium nanoacquachelate, quails, immunoglobulins, immunity.
Wittgenstein’s Concept of Language Games
Authors: Shiva Zaheri Birgani  , Mahnaz Soqandi
Published: July 2020

Austrian British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein is one of the greatest philosophers in the 20th century. He mostly works in analytic philosophical thought in topics as diverse as logic and language, perception and intention, ethic and religion, aesthetic and culture. Philosophers often create their own vocabularies by giving special meanings to ordinary terms and phrases. Wittgenstein coinages the term of “language games” and the ‘private language argument”. His argument on the language is the rules of the use of ordinary language is neither right nor wrong, neither true nor false, the language is merely useful for the particular applications in which they are applied . Language is defined not as a system of representation but as a system of devices for engaging in various sorts of social activity, hence ‘the meaning of the word is its use in the language.
Nivel de conocimiento y opinión de los prestadores de servicios turísticos sobre el cambio climático y el potencial impacto para el sector en Baños de Agua Santa, provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador
Authors: Salas Castelo Edison Marcelo , Bayancela Delgado Sulaya Betsabé
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación que explora el vínculo entre el cambio climático y los nuevos retos que el sector turístico del cantón Baños de Agua Santa, uno de los más visitados del Ecuador, podría enfrentar. Este artículo: i) evalúa el nivel de conocimiento de los prestadores de servicios turísticos sobre el cambio climático y sus posibles impactos presentes y futuros, y ii) cuál es la percepción acerca de cómo el cambio climático afecta la vida laboral y personal. Del 29 de febrero al 2 de marzo del 2020, se aplicaron 80 encuestas a prestadores de servicios turísticos: 28 a servicio de alojamiento, 24 a servicio de alimentos y bebidas, 21 a operación e intermediación (agencias de viaje), 6 a transporte turístico y 1 trabajador de un parque de atracción estable. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los participantes en la encuesta, propietarios y/o trabajadores de empresas de servicios turísticos, son jóvenes que comprenden edades entre 18 y 40 años (67,6%); sólo el 42,5% tiene instrucción superior y el 57,5% son hombres. El nivel de conocimiento sobre cambio climático es bajo, y que la información sobre el tema es confusa; en relación si el cambio climático afecta su vida personal, el 56,3% respondió que les afecta y, sobre si los efectos del cambio climático afectan al desarrollo de sus actividades vinculadas al turismo, el 53,8% respondió que les afecta. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren la necesidad de implementar planes de capacitación que proporcionen información adecuada y contextualizada acerca del cambio climático y su potencial impacto sobre el turismo a los prestadores de servicios turísticos del cantón Baños de Agua Santa, así como, iniciar un proceso de planificación para adaptar el turismo del cantón a los efectos del cambio climático, mejorando así la resiliencia de este importante sector de la economía cantonal.
Peculiarities of safety assessment of nanoscale materials (literature review)
Authors: Leonenko O.B. , Leonenko N.S.
Published: July 2020

The manifestation of the biological effects of nanoscale materials depends on many initial states as the NPs themselves (on their size and structural organization, on the physical nature, method of production and method of surface modification), and on the biological model under test and the following interfaces “nano-bio” after penetration into tissues and blood, so they are not predictable, and target organs and mechanisms of development of toxic effect can be varied, which is the basis for urgent need to improve scientific approaches to the assessment of toxicity and danger of nanomaterials. Key Words: nanoscale materials, hazard, features of evaluation.
Hazard assessment, comprehensive hygienic standartisation of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and substantiation of safety regulations of its herbicide product application for rice protection
Authors: Kravchuk O.P. , Serhieiev S.H. , Medvedev V.I. , Hrynko A.P. , Kolontaeva N.V. , Vasetska O.P. , Bagatska O.M. , Kuznetsova O.M. , Aleinov P.V.
Published: July 2020

Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a novel synthetic selective leaf herbicide of the pyridine group with an auxin mechanism of action. The drug Divixton EC (a.i. - florpyrauxifen-benzyl, 25 g/l) is suggestedfor protection of rice crops from weeds.

For the state registration for agricultural use in Ukraine and to prevention of toxic impact on human health and quality of environment, risk assessment of the new plant protection product was conducted, and the safety criteria for human health and the environment were substantiated. The allowable daily dose of florpyrauxifen-benzyl for humans at the level of 0.02 mg/kg was substantiated; the hygienic standards for florpyrauxifen-benzyl in rice, working environment, air, water and soil, criteria for the control of the exposureon on workers, regulations for safe use of herbicide Divixton EC in agriculture have been developed.

Objective. Toxicological and hygienic assessment of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and Divixton EC drug, substantiationof safety criteria for human health, assessment of the potential impact of florpyrauxifen-benzyl on agricultural workers and the population in case of ground and aerial spraying of the preparation for the protection of rice crops.

Methods. Expert-analytical, toxicological, physical, chemical, statistical and hygienic.

Results. Based on the parameters of acute toxicity for different routes of exposure, sensitizing properties and irritative effects on the mucous membranes of the eyes and the skin, florpyrauxifen-benzyl and herbicide Divixton EC are classified as moderately hazardous (category 3). Long-term effects (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity, toxicity for the reproductive function and development) are not limiting criteria for the assessment of florpyrauxifen-benzyl hazard. Approved in Ukraine allowable of florpyrauxifen-ben-zyl for humans is 0.02 mg/kg.

As a result of field tests conducted in Ukraine, it was found that the value of occupational risk due to inhalation and through the skin in the course of ground and aerial application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl did not exceed the accepted level, sanitary protection zones ensure the safety of herbicide application for the population and environmental objects; no residues of florpyrauxifen-benzyl were detected during the harvesting of in rice grain and rice paddy.

Conclusion. Application of herbicide Divixton EC for rice protectionin accordance with agricultural and hygiene rules and regulations will not result in contamination of agricultural products and environmental objects and will be safe for population and agricultural workers.

Key Words: herbicide, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, toxicological characteristics, hazard assessment, hygiene standards and regulations.
Neonicotinoid pesticides and the perspectives of their use with respect to the toxicological properties (literature review)
Authors: Fedchenko O.V. , Zhminko P.G. , Vasetska O.P. , Yurchenko T.V. , Zubko O.S. , Tereschenko N.V.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the Research. Analysis and generalization of current literature data on the toxicological properties of neon-icotinoid pesticides and the justification of their prospects for further use in view of human health hazards. Methods and Materials of the Research. Analytical methods were used in the work: collection of scientific information on the problem, analysis of the abstract database and scientific generalization of the obtained results. Results and Conclusions. On the basis of the analytical review of the current literature, data on the toxicological properties of neonicoti-noid pesticides are summarized and the prospects for their further use are substantiated. Information on toxicity results of pesticide active substances from neonicotinoid classifications has been systematized according to acute, short-term, long-term experiments and longterm animal effects studies, the values of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of neonicotinoids, which are established in Ukraine and in the countries of the European Union, Australia, Canada, are given. The consequences of human exposure to acute and chronic exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides have been considered. Based on the analysis of scientific data on the toxicological significance of neonicoti-noid pesticides for experimental animals and human health, it has been established that thiacloprid and acetamiprid have the most dangerous toxicological profile. Given the revealed endocrine disruptive properties of thiacloprid, it is a candidate for reassessment by the national regulatory authorities of the rules of application and possible replacement by safer alternative plant protection products. Acetamiprid is also of great concern because it is able to have a toxic effect on fetal development. Therefore, when assessing the potential danger of acetamiprid for humans and determining the prospects for future use in agriculture, it is necessary to consider its neurotoxic effect on posterity. Key Words: neonicotinoids, toxicological properties, danger, poisoning, human health.
In vitro Interactions of Secnidazole and Its Iron (II), Copper (II) Complexes with Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Quenching Method
Authors: Hossain Md Jamal , Sultan Md Zakir , Rashid Mohammad A , Kuddus Md Ruhul
Published: July 2020

The current study was designed to investigate the interactions of an antimicrobial drug secnidazole and its two transition metal complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The interactions of secnidazole and its both transition metal complexes were confirmed by the extingushing of fluorescence intensity of the protein. The fluorescence quenching of BSA by the drug and its both metal complexes showed a static quenching process and the reactions followed exothermic mechanism. The fluorescence spectroscopic method was utilized to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters like change of enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) which indicated the bindings of the antimicrobial agent and its both metal chelates were hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. The binding constant and the number of binding sites were also measured by double log plot that indicated the drug or its metal complexes bound with BSA at 1:1 ratio.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 1-9, 2020
Comparative Situation Analysis of Childhood Asthma Incidence in Selected Hospitals Inside and Outside Dhaka City
Authors: Nasrin Nishat , Akter Ferdowsi , Tithi Nigar Sultana , Muhammad Asduzzaman - , Chowdhury AK Azad
Published: July 2020

Asthma is a common chronic and long-term condition accompanied by coughing, wheezing, chest tightness and breathlessness and affects mainly the lungs. This study was aimed to explore the prevailing situation of asthma among the paediatric patients and its management inside and outside Dhaka city. The study was conducted on 420 asthma patients inside (n = 210) and outside (n = 210) Dhaka. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from patients or their parents, during the period of January 2015 to June 2015. Most of the patients inside Dhaka reported that their children had frequent asthma attack than outside Dhaka (p<0.001). Wheezing symptoms were also high in Dhaka (p<0.001). We observed better management of the disease inside Dhaka as compared with outside (p<0.001). However, no seasonal variation in terms of exacerbations of symptoms was seen. Moreover, despite greater incidence of childhood asthma in Dhaka city, its management was better here. Mass awareness among parents regarding the incidence and the necessity of continuation of medication as per the advice of physicians are mandatory to reduce the occurrence.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 32-38, 2020
Study on Nutritional Supplements for Females in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Tasfia Sadia Zahin , Kabir Md Alamgir , Islam Muhammad Rashedul , Mamun Md Elias Al
Published: July 2020

Physiological problems due to deficiency of minerals and vitamins level in Bangladeshi female population are on the rise. The primary goal of this study was to find out the intake of nutritional supplements among urban female population. A survey on nutritional supplements was designed for females in some selected area of Dhaka city. One hundred fifty females were recruited, segmented under two sections (non-pregnant / pregnant) and most of them were interviewed face-to-face systematically. 10.7% of the sample was pregnant women and the rest (89.3%) was the non-pregnant category. Participants were asked questions about their prescription drug patterns and intake of nutritional supplements. The study revealed that 53.0% of the female patients were not aware of the value of daily intake of nutritional foods. So, we also found that nutritional supplements were given to the patients continuously (34.48%), occasionally (18.39%) and at first (28.74%). Calcium supplement (36.90%), zinc supplement (14.10 %) and iron supplement (19.90 %) were prescribed most.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 39-43, 2020
Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and In-Vitro Dissolution Studies of Ketoprofen Solid Dispersion with PEG 6000 and HPMC 6 cps
Authors: Akhter Sharmin , Uddin AKM Saif , Nath Aninda Kumar , Md Salahuddin - , Kadir Mohammad Fahim , Islam Md Shahidul
Published: July 2020

Ketoprofen [2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-propionic acid], a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exhibits poor dissolution pattern. Solid dispersion (SD) techniques were used because it is particularly promising to improve the oral absorption and bioavailability of BCS Class II drugs. This investigation entails solid dispersion of ketoprofen which was formulated and characterized for better release profile and immediate action of the drug. Melting method was applied to prepare solid dispersion by using two immediate release (IR) polymer PEG 6000 and HPMC 6 cps at different weight ratios. In the formulation, a fixed amount of lactose was used as adsorbent. The solid dispersions were investigated for drug entrapment efficiency and dissolution behavior. In vitro dissolution study was performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) medium for one hour. Percent cumulative drug release from solid dispersion was found to be minimum 92.19% and maximum 98.95% within one hour, which showed a better dissolution compared to the active drugs. Evaluation of the properties of the solid dispersion was also performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). SEM results indicated that ketoprofen crystallinity in SDs was significantly reduced, and that the majority of ketoprofen was in amorphous form. No interaction was found between drug and polymers from DTA and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. So, solid dispersion technique may be an effective technique to enhance dissolution rate of ketoprofen.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 44-53, 2020
Current Pharma News Vol.23(1)
Authors: Hossain Md Akbar
Published: July 2020

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 78-79, 2020
New Indications & Dosage Forms For Existing Drugs
Authors: Hossain Md Akbar
Published: July 2020

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 83-85, 2020
Herbal Medicine News Update Vol.23(1)
Authors: Hossain Md Akbar
Published: July 2020

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 86, 2020
Laser in Proctology: A New Hope in Treating the Distressing Anal Diseases
Authors: Rahman ASM Tanjilur
Published: July 2020

Abstract Not Available
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 57
Upper Gastrointestinal Foreign Body, our Experience in Faridpur Medical College Hospital
Authors: Islam MM Shahin Ul , Sarker Mst Naznin , Rahman ATM Ataur , Haque Mohammad Saiful , Saha Suranjit Kumar , Sarker Soumitra , Dutta Pallab Kumar , Miah Md Humayan
Published: July 2020

Accidental ingestion and impaction of food or non-food foreign body in upper GIT is not uncommon. This retrospective study was undertaken at Gastroenterology department of Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Data were collected from endoscopy software by computer search among patients with foreign bodies in upper GIT from January 2012 to December 2018. Total 41 patients with endoscopically proved ingested with or without impacted foreign body in the upper GIT were studied. Of them, 28 were male and 13 were female with age ranges from 15 to 85 years with a mean age of 52.66 ± 19.7 years. Meat bolus was the commonest type (12; 29.3%), followed by dental prosthesis (9; 22%). Most of them (24; 58%) were impacted between 20 to 30 cm from incisor teeth. We could successfully remove 38 cases with a success rate of 92.7% with the help of dormia basket, polypectomy snare & rat tooth foreign body grasper. We found few erosions and superficial ulcerations at the impacted site among patients with dental prosthesis, pill with strip and chicken bone. One patient with sharp flat bone of hilsa fish was impacted at esophagus like sharp cutting blade and produced incised looking wound at both esophageal walls. In 19 cases (46.34%) we found definite anatomic abnormalities and 19 cases (46.34%) no abnormalities was found. Rest 3 cases, who were referred to surgeon we failed to know the underlying pathology. Sharp foreign bodies impacted at upper esophagus were difficult to remove endoscopically.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 74-78
Study on Association of Maternal Triglyceride and Preeclampsia
Authors: Joy Swapna Biswas , Islam Md Rabiul , Khandoker Monika , Biswas Ananta Kumar
Published: July 2020

Preeclampsia is one of the most important pregnancy disorder, diagnosed with hypertension and proteinuria. It is the leading cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 100 pregnant women, of them, 50 were diagnosed cases of preeclampsia and 50 were normal pregnant women attended in the Gynaecology and Obstetrics department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, during July 2016 to June 2017. Five ml fasting blood sample was collected and was analysed for triglyceride using standard enzymatic method. Mean value of triglyceride was compared between two groups by student unpaired t-test and the triglyceride level was correlated with systolic, diastolic blood pressure and urine albumin in preeclamptic patient was correlated by Pearson's correlation coefficient test. A p-value was considered to be statistically significant at 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Statistically significant difference of serum triglyceride level was found in preeclamptic women and normal pregnant women (p<0.05). The level was 248.90±31.36 mg/dl in preeclampsia and 197.00±27.04 mg/dl in normal pregnant women respectively. Serum triglyceride was positively correlated with systolic, diastolic blood pressure and urine albumin in preeclamptic women.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 82-85
Indication and Outcome of Caesarean Section in Multigravid Women with a History of Vaginal Delivery in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Begum Poly , Saha Dipti Rani , Zeba Dilruba
Published: July 2020

It is commonly believed that if the first child of a mother is born by normal vaginal delivery, all the subsequent deliveries will follow the same. As a result, such multiparous mothers often neglect routine antenatal check ups and intranatal care which may cause poor delivery outcome. For these reasons, attention should be given to analyze the indication of caesarean section (CS) in women who had history of previous vaginal delivery. Our objective was to know the indications and outcome of CS in multigravid women having a child previously delivered vaginally. This observational cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Diabetic Association Medical College Hospital, Faridpur. One hundred and ten multigravid women who had undergone elective as well as emergency CS for various indications were included in this study. Most common indication of CS was fetal distress (33.64%). Others were obstructed labour (10.9%), breech presentation (10.9%), and pre-eclampsia (9.09%). In the postpartum period, 75.5% patients were healthy. Others developed sepsis (10.9%) and URTI (8.2%). Most of the babies (95.5%) were alive. Understanding these insights may help both the mother and the caregiver an idea about the associated risks and what actions should be taken for a safe delivery outcome.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 86-89
Radiation Hazard, Safety, Control and Protection
Authors: Rahman Md Hafizur
Published: July 2020

The field of Radiology and Nuclear medicine has advanced from era of X-rays to today's modern imaging techniques, most of which use the ionizing radiation. With the benefits of better diagnosis and treatment, it has caused manifold increase in radiation exposure to the patients and the radiology and nuclear medicine personnel. Many studies done till date have clearly documented the harmful effects of ionizing radiation from radiation exposure, especially cancer. This is more important in paediatric population as their tissues are more radiosensitive, and they have more years to live. Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological procedures including nuclear medicine are integral part of modern medical practices, exposing both patients and medical staff to ionizing radiation. Without proper protective measures, this radiation causes many negative health effects. Hence, proper knowledge and awareness regarding the radiation hazards and radiation protection is mandatory for health professionals, especially the nuclear medicine and radiology professionals. International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) has recommended two basic principles of radiation protection, justification of the practice and optimization of protection.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 100-103