bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study between Carvedilol and Bupropion in Rats
Authors: Abrudan Maria Bianca , Muntean Dana Maria , Gheldiu Ana Maria , Neag Maria Adriana , Vlase Laurian
Published: January 2017

Background/Aims: The effects of multiple-dose bupropion on the pharmacokinetics of single-dose carvedilol were investigated in order to evaluate this possible drug-drug interaction. Methods: A preclinical study was conducted among white male Wistar rats. Each rat was cannulated on the femoral vein prior to being connected to BASi Culex ABC®. During the reference period, each rat received an intravenous and an oral dose of 3.57 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) carvedilol, at 2 days distance. After 5 days of pretreatment with 21.42 mg/kg b.w. bupropion (by oral route, twice a day - given in order to reach the steady state), during the sixth day, 3.57 mg/kg b.w. carvedilol and 21.42 mg/kg b.w. bupropion were orally co-administrated (test period). After each administration of carvedilol, several samples of 200 µL blood were collected. The pharmacokinetic parameters of carvedilol were analyzed by the noncompartmental method. Results: The 5 days pretreatment with bupropion increased the exposure to carvedilol in rats by 180%, considering the modifications observed in the area under the curve of carvedilol. Carvedilol was shown to have higher plasma concentrations, delay in maximum concentration, and a prolonged half-life, after being pretreated with bupropion. Conclusion: The administration of multiple-dose bupropion influences the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol (single oral dose) in rats.
The Maze of Diagnosing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Single-Center Experience of a Series of 6 Clinical Cases
Authors: Hanoun Maher , Dührsen Ulrich
Published: January 2017

Clinical symptoms of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are based on an excessive inflammatory response. Not only the diversity of the putative underlying etiologies of this rare syndrome but also the subsequent large variety of symptoms complicate the diagnosis of HLH in adult patients. However, early diagnosis and immediate treatment initiation are imperative for clinical outcome. In this article, we will review the diagnostic criteria of HLH and, in this context, discuss 6 cases, each of whom presented with a different clinical appearance causally associated with distinct malignant and nonmalignant diseases, exemplifying the spectrum of associations and manifestations of HLH.
Neurodevelopmental Effects of Undernutrition and Placental Underperfusion in Fetal Growth Restriction Rabbit Models
Authors: Illa Míriam , Eixarch Elisenda , Muñoz-Moreno Emma , Batalle Dafnis , Leal-Campanario Rocío , Gruart Agnès , Delgado-García José María , Figueras Francesc , Gratacós Eduard
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Chronic reduction of oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus has been related to neurodevelopmental problems. Placental underperfusion induces a significant reduction in oxygen and nutrient delivery, whereas maternal undernutrition causes mainly nutrient deficiency. A comparison of the neurodevelopmental effects of both situations in pregnant rabbits was performed. Materials and Methods: The placental underperfusion model was induced after uteroplacental vessel ligation at 25 days of pregnancy. The undernutrition model was induced after a reduction of 70% of the basal maternal intake at 22 days of pregnancy. Neurobehavioral tests were applied in the derived offspring at the neonatal period and over the long term. Structural brain differences were evaluated by brain networks obtained from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Birth weight was significantly lower in both cases. However, stillbirth was only increased in the placental underperfusion model. Cases from both models presented poorer neurobehavioral performance and network infrastructure, being more pronounced in the placental underperfusion model. Discussion: Prenatal insults during the last third of gestation resulted in functional and structural disturbances. The degree of neurodevelopmental impairment and its association with structural brain reorganization seemed to be related to the type of the prenatal insult, showing stronger effects in the placental underperfusion model.
The Effect of Instant Urinary Catheterization on Pregnancy Outcomes after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection and Embryo Transfer
Authors: Olgan Safak , Dirican Enver Kerem
Published: January 2017

Aim: To evaluate the effect of instant urinary catheterization on pregnancy rates in women who are on bed rest after embryo transfer (ET). Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment at the Akdeniz University Fertility Clinic between January 2015 and March 2016. All patients were advised bed rest for an hour after ET. The clinic's electronic database was screened to identify the uterine anatomy of the patients, transferred embryo quality, and urinary catheterization status. Only women with an anteverted and anteflexed uterus and cycles that resulted in high-quality blastocyst transfers were included in this analysis. Finally, 71 cycles with urinary catheterization and 81 cycles with no catheterization were analyzed. Results: The clinical (53.5 vs. 40.7%, p = 0.115) and ongoing pregnancy (43.7 vs. 35.8%, p = 0.323) rates were comparable between urinary catheterization and non-catheterization groups. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression including confounding factors revealed that urinary catheterization was independently associated with clinical pregnancy (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.03-4.13, p = 0.041). However, no significant association was detected between catheterization and the clinically more relevant, ongoing pregnancy (OR 1.65, 95% CI 0.82-3.30, p = 0.160). Conclusion: Our preliminary findings on the use of instant urinary catheterization after ET are promising and justify further investigation in larger prospective studies.
Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults of Northern China: Characteristics and Risk Factors for Recurrence
Authors: Li Fang , Yang Li , Yang Rui , Xu Wei , Chen Fu-ping , Li Nan , Zhang Jin-biao
Published: January 2017

Background: Young adults accounted for 10-14% of ischemic stroke patients. The risk factors may differ in this population from elder patients. In addition, the factors associated with stroke recurrence in this population have not been well investigated. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the characteristics and risk factors associated with recurrence of ischemic stroke in young adults. Methods: Clinical data of 1,395 patients of age 18-45 years who were treated between 2008 and 2014 in 3 centers located in northern China was reviewed. The first onset of stroke was taken as the initial events and recurrent stroke as the end point events. The end point events, age, gender, duration after first onset of stroke, history of disease, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classifications of the cause of stroke and adherence to medication were recorded. These factors were analyzed and compared between recurrence and non-recurrence group. Information about recurrent stroke was collected through clinical (readmission to hospital with ischemic stroke) or telephone follow-up survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of recurrence. Results: The most common causes of stroke were large vessel atherosclerosis and small vessel occlusion, followed by cardioembolism. NIHSS score at admission (OR 1.088; 95% CI 1.028-1.152; p = 0.004) were associated with recurrence. Conclusions: Vascular disease, especially premature atherosclerosis, is the major risk factor for ischemic stroke in the young adult population of northern China. Timely screening of the cause of stroke with severe NIHSS score needs further attention.
Androgen Receptor Gene Copy Number and Protein Expression in Treatment-Naïve Prostate Cancer
Authors: Poelaert Filip , Kumps Candy , Lumen Nicolaas , Verschuere Stephanie , Libbrecht Louis , Praet Marleen , Rottey Sylvie , Claeys Tom , Ost Piet , Decaestecker Karel , De Meerleer Gert , Van Praet Charles
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To evaluate the androgen receptor (AR) gene copy number in androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) treatment-naïve prostate cancer (PCa) patients and to evaluate the corresponding AR protein expression and assess the association between these features and prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: Chromosome X and AR gene copy number, using fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization, and epithelial-stromal AR expression, using AR immunohistochemistry, were analyzed in 62 ADT treatment-naïve PCa patients and 8 castration-refractory patients. Results: In ADT treatment-naïve PCa patients, the AR expression was higher in tumor epithelial cells versus surrounding stromal cells (p < 0.001) and versus normal epithelium in the same patient (p = 0.043). The difference between tumoral AR expression and expression in normal epithelium was higher in patients with ≥15% of tumor cells with increased AR copy number (p = 0.019). Peritumoral stroma had lower AR expression in patients with lymph-node or distant metastases compared to those without metastases (p = 0.038). Conclusions: This research evaluates the link between AR gene status, expression profile, and possible prognostic factors. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of the peritumoral environment in PCa. Additional research is needed to further clarify the role of stromal AR in PCa dissemination and identify possible therapeutic strategies to target this mechanism.
Clinical and Biochemical Influence of Prostatic Stones
Authors: Soric Tomislav , Selimovic Mirnes , Bakovic Lada , Šimurina Tatjana , Selthofer Robert , Dumic Jerka
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The study aimed to explore clinical influence of prostatic stones on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), seminal plasma cytokines, and serum biomarkers. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 men aged ≤50 years with LUTS divided into 2 groups: group with stones (GSt) and group without prostatic stones (GNoSt). All subjects completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire and National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) scoring questionnaire. Pre- and post-prostate massage test and uroflowmetry were performed. The serum concentration of total prostate specific antigen (PSA), free PSA, and free/total PSA (f/t PSA) ratio, seminal concentration of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured. Results: GSt subjects had significantly more severe symptoms based on IPSS answers (p = 0.0289). All domains in NIH-CPSI scores were significantly higher in the GSt group: pain (p = 0.001), urinary symptoms (p = 0.023), quality of life (p = 0.008), and with overall (p = 0.003). GSt subjects also had significantly lower maximum urinary flow (Qmax; p = 0.011), lower f/t PSA ratio (p = 0.048), and higher concentration of IL-1β (p = 0.011) and IL-8 (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Prostatic stones may influence the severity of LUTS and the symptoms of chronic prostatitis. They might reduce Qmax rate and lead to reduction of the f/t PSA ratio and produce more severe inflammation causing increased seminal concentration of IL-1β and IL-8.
On-Treatment Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults With Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Authors: Yano Yuichiro , Rakugi Hiromi , Bakris George L. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Oparil Suzanne , Saruta Takao , Shimada Kazuyuki , Matsuoka Hiroaki , Imai Yutaka , Ogihara Toshio
Published: January 2017

Our aim was to assess optimal on-treatment blood pressure (BP) at which cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality risks are minimized in Japanese older adults with isolated systolic hypertension. We used data from the VALISH study (Valsartan in Elderly Isolated Systolic Hypertension) that recruited older adults (n=3035; mean age, 76 years) with systolic BP (SBP) of ≥160 mm Hg and diastolic BP of <90 mm Hg. Patients were treated by valsartan. Patients were also categorized into 3 groups based on achieved on-treatment SBP of <130 mm Hg (n=317), 130 to <145 mm Hg (n=2025), or ≥145 mm Hg (n=693). The primary outcome was composite CVD (coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, cardiovascular deaths, other vascular diseases, and kidney diseases) with secondary outcome being all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the CVD risk for each group. Over a median 3-year follow-up (8022 person-years), 93 CVD events and 52 deaths occurred. Using the on-treatment SBP of 130 to <145 mm Hg as reference stratum, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of CVD and all-cause mortality risks for those with SBP<130 mm Hg were 2.08 (1.12–3.83) and 2.09 (0.93–4.71) and for those with SBP≥145 mm Hg were 2.29 (1.44–3.62) and 2.51 (1.35–4.66), respectively. On-treatment diastolic BP yielded no relationships with CVD or all-cause mortality risk. In conclusion, among Japanese older adults with isolated systolic hypertension, SBP in the range between 130 and 144 mm Hg was associated with minimal adverse outcomes and a reduction in CVD and all-cause mortality. The BP range will need to be confirmed in randomized controlled trials.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00151229.
Adherence to a Healthy Nordic Diet and Risk of Stroke
Authors: Hansen Camilla Plambeck , Overvad Kim , Kyrø Cecilie , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Jakobsen Marianne Uhre , Dahm Christina Catherine
Published: January 2017

Background and Purpose—

Specific dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean diet, have been associated with stroke prevention. Our aim was to investigate whether adherence to a healthy Nordic diet, including fish, apples and pears, cabbages, root vegetables, rye bread, and oatmeal, was associated with risk of stroke.

Methods—

Incident cases of stroke among 55 338 men and women from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort were identified from the Danish National Patient Register and verified by review of records. Cases of ischemic stroke were further subclassified based on etiology according to the TOAST classification system (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment). Information on diet was collected at baseline (1993–1997) using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratios of total stroke and subtypes of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Results—

During a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 2283 cases of incident stroke were verified, including 1879 ischemic strokes. Adherence to a healthy Nordic diet, as reflected by a higher Healthy Nordic Food Index score, was associated with a lower risk of stroke. The hazards ratio comparing an index score of 4 to 6 (high adherence) with an index score of 0 to 1 (low adherence) was 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.76–0.98) for total stroke. Inverse associations were observed for ischemic stroke, including large-artery atherosclerosis. No trend was observed for hemorrhagic stroke; however, a statistically insignificant trend was observed for intracerebral hemorrhage.

Conclusions—

Our findings suggest that a healthy Nordic diet may be recommended for the prevention of stroke.
What Do You Do When a Text is Failing? The Letter of Aristeas and the Need for a New Pentateuch
Authors: Borchardt Francis
Published: January 2017

This study highlights features of the Letter of Aristeas that reveal how that story conceives of the royal translation project. It will apply the concept of ‘auxiliary texts’ developed by Markus Dubischar based on the conversation theory of Paul Grice in order to show that Aristeas understands the Hebrew Pentateuch as a failing text. It will be shown that because Aristeas both respects the traditions and teachings contained within the Pentateuch, and recognizes the failure of the text outside of a particular context, it sees the translation as necessary for the Pentateuch’s survival. The study will compare the statements related in prologues from Graeco-Roman ‘auxiliary texts’ to statements in the Letter of Aristeas to underline the ways how the Greek translation of the Hebrew text is simultaneously conceived of as a correction of the problems inherent in the Hebrew text tradition, and is not attempting to entirely replace that tradition.
The Negotiability of Debt in Islamic Finance: An Analytical and Critical Study
Authors: Almezeini Abdulaziz A.
Published: January 2017

The challenges posed by the non-liquidity and non-diversity of the Islamic debts market make the market an inefficient tool on contributing to Muslim economic growth. Islamic scholars and experts created sukuk as an Islamic debt instrument to avoid riba (usury), but the sukuk market (especially in the Gulf) still struggles with the prohibition of the trade of debt due to the prohibition of the two Fiqh Academies.

Trading and securitizing debts should be permitted in Islamic law, with one condition, that the debt should be considered low risk. This new rule, the permissibility of trading debts, is supported by three Islamic legal bases, istishab, qiyas, and maslaha, which are recognized by all four Islamic schools of legal thought. Furthermore, permitting the trading of debts is more consistent with the principles and theories of Islamic law than is forbidding it. It is consistent with the obligations theory that debt is a personal right. It is consistent with the mal (property) theory that debt may be sold according to the three Islamic schools of legal thought, all of which consider debt as property. It is consistent with other modern Islamic financial transactions that are permitted by the two Fiqh Academies, such as tawarruq and murabaha.
Taxonomic revision of the Opuntia humifusa complex (Opuntieae: Cactaceae) of the eastern United States
Authors: MAJURE LUCAS C. , JUDD WALTER S. , SOLTIS PAMELA S. , SOLTIS DOUGLAS E.
Published: January 2017

The Humifusa clade represents a recent radiation that originated in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene and consists of about 10 species widely distributed in North America from northern Mexico north to Ontario, Canada, and south to the Florida Keys. This clade likely originated in the edaphically subxeric regions of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, and from there it later spread to the southeastern United States and ultimately produced a small radiation in the eastern United States. Hybridization among evolutionarily divergent diploid species of the southeastern (SE) and southwestern (SW) United States subclades led to the origin of many polyploid taxa, which today occupy about 75% of the distribution of the clade. Here we present a taxonomic revision of the SE subclade of the Humifusa clade and polyploid derivatives that commonly occur in the eastern United States (i.e., the O. humifusa complex). We recognize eight taxa: Opuntia abjecta, O. austrina, O. cespitosa, O. drummondii, O. humifusa, O. mesacantha subsp. mesacantha, O. mesacantha subsp. lata, and O. nemoralis, as well as the interclade allopolyploid, Opuntia ochrocentra, derived, in part, from a member of the O. humifusa complex. Diagnostic keys, descriptions, original photos, and distribution maps are provided for each taxon. Neotypes are designated for the names O. austrina (NY) and O. youngii (USF), and O. drummondii and O. tracyi are lectotypified from an illustration in Maund & Henslow and a specimen at NY, respectively.
Three new species of Cancellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from northeast Brazil with first record of Gergovia for the Atlantic ocean
Authors: DE BARROS JOSÉ C.N. , DE LIMA SILVIO F.B.
Published: January 2017

Brocchinia verheckeni n. sp. and Brocchinia harasewychi n. sp. are described from several stations from 340 to 720m on the Continental Slope off Northeast Brazil. Brocchinia verheckeni occurred from the states of Ceará to Sergipe, and B. harasewychi was collected from the states of Pernambuco to Alagoas. Both species are considered endemic to these regions. This is the second record of the genus Brocchinia Jousseaume, 1887 in deep waters off Brazil. Brocchinia harasewychi has a protoconch with 1 ¼ whorls, which is more inflated in comparison to B. verheckeni, the body whorl has 3 spiral cords, the uppermost bordering the suture and the other 2 near mid-whorl. The body whorl of Brocchinia verheckeni has 3 strongly nodulose spiral cords and an outer lip with 5 to 6 internal denticles, while that of B. harasewychi has a smooth outer lip. The genus Gergovia Cossmann, 1899 is recorded for the first time in the Atlantic Ocean with the description of Gergovia petiti n. sp., known only from the oceanic region from Northeast Brazil, occurring from the state of Ceará to the state of Bahia, as well as in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, probably living in the muddy substrate at depths of between 206 and 720 meters.
A new species of Gastrozona Bezzi (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini) with an updated key to species from India
Authors: DAVID K. J. , HANCOCK D. L.
Published: January 2017

Gastrozona nigrifemur sp. nov., is described from India. Postabdominal structures of G. fasciventris (both male and female), G. soror (female) and G. montana (male) are described and illustrated. An updated key to Indian species of Gastrozona is provided.
A new species of Onryza Watson, 1893 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from China
Authors: ZHU JIAN-QING , MAO WEI-WEI , CHEN ZHI-BING
Published: January 2017

A new species, Onryza pesudomaga is described from Zhejiang Province, S. China. The new taxon resembles O. maga which is widely distributed in S. China and Taiwan. Differences and some biological information of the two allied species are given. A key to species of the genus Onryza Watson, 1893 and a distribution map of all the members of this genus are provided.
Rozliczenie z Brasławszczyzną
Authors: Smułkowa Elżbieta
Published: January 2017

Material from the Braslav in BelarusThis article has two aims: 1. To thank the reviewers of the two-volume publication Brasławszczyzna, memory and the present for their careful study of the texts and glossaries included in it, for eliciting and emphasizing methodological, theoretical and material merits, and revealing some of its shortcomings. 2. To open the opportunity for me, as the author and the editor of the project, to engage in polemics with some of the outlooks of the reviewers and to show, from time perspective, what could have been done better. Rozliczenie z BrasławszczyznąArtykuł ma do spełnienia dwa cele. 1. Ma podziękować Recenzentom dwutomowej publi­kacji Brasławszczyzna pamięć i współczesność za uważne zapoznanie się z zawartymi w niej tekstami i słownikiem, za wydobycie i podkreślenie zalet metodologicznych, teoretycznych i materiałowych pracy oraz ukazanie pewnych jej braków. 2. Stwarza mi możliwość, jako współautorce i redaktorce projektu, przeprowadzenia polemiki z niektórymi poglądami Recenzentów oraz ukazania z perspektywy czasowej, co można było zrobić lepiej.
Wpływ języka polskiego na leksykę medyczną w gwarze staroobrzędowców regionu suwalsko-augustowskiego
Authors: Grupa Magdalena Katarzyna
Published: January 2017

The Influence of Polish Language on Medical Terminology in the Old Believers’ Dialect in Suwałki-Augustów Region The Old Believers in Poland are a bilingual community. They use two languages: Russian dialect and Polish language. Polish influence on the Old Believers’ dialect increased after two World Wars, when they became separated from their co-religionists in other countries and had more often contacts with Polish neighbours. Their language situation may be characterized as diglossia – they choose one of their languages depending on the domain of life and other social conditions.The medical terminology is a specific part of the Old Believers’ dialect. There are a lot of borrowings from Polish language caused by the need of protection of health and life in Poland, where the Old Believers met first of all with Polish health care system. The article is an attempt to characterize the influence of Polish language in the lexis describing medicine and health care. Wpływ języka polskiego na leksykę medyczną w gwarze staroobrzędowców regionu suwalsko-augustowskiego Staroobrzędowcy w Polsce są społecznością dwujęzyczną. Posługują się rosyjską gwarą oraz językiem polskim. Częstsze kontakty z Polakami po I i II wojnie światowej oraz izolacja od współwyznawców w innych krajach poskutkowały modyfikacjami języka. Ich sytuację językową określa się jako dyglosję – zjawisko polegające na używaniu dwu (lub więcej) języków naprzemiennie, zależnie od sytuacji komunikacyjnej.Terminologia medyczna jest specyficzną częścią systemu leksykalnego polskich starowierców. Cechuje ją znaczna liczba zapożyczeń z polszczyzny w stosunku do leksyki rosyjskiego języka ogólnego i rodzimej gwary rosyjskiej. Znajduje to uzasadnienie w konieczności przyswojenia sobie terminów związanych z lecznictwem w ich polskim brzmieniu, dzięki czemu możliwe jest korzystanie z opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce. W artykule został opisany wpływ polszczyzny na leksykę z zakresu medycyny i ochrony zdrowia.
Два своеобразных словаря латышского языка
Authors: Бушс [Bušs] Оярс [Ojārs]
Published: January 2017

Latviešu-igauņu vārdnīca. Projektijuht [Manager of the project] Arvi Tavast. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2015, 737 pp.Igauņu-latviešu vārdnīca. Atb. red. [Ed.] Valts Ernštreits. Rīga: Latviešu valodas aģentūra, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2015, 1096 pp. ReviewTwo Peculiar Dictionaries of LatvianEstonian-Latvian dictionary (ed. Valts Ernštreits) and Latvian-Estonian dictionary (manager of the project Arvi Tavast) have been published at the same time and with the same design. Each of the dictionaries consists from more than forty thousand headwords, however they are not of the same size, Estonian-Latvian dictionary has significantly more pages. The reason is the Estonian-Latvian dictionary is a traditional bilingual dictionary, were we can find among other information a lot of illustrations for the use of translated lexis. Latvian-Estonian dictionary could be probably called an experimental dictionary. It is compiled on the basis of the parallel corpus, the lexical materials have been mostly processed automatically using specialized software, pro­fessional lexicographers did not participated in the compiling of this dictionary. As a result this Latvian-Estonian dictionary seems more like a glossary, we do not have examples of the use of translated words in this dictionary. What is very strange is that quite a lot of headwords are not words, they are groups of words. This experimental dictionary demonstrates that software alone still is not able to compile a dictionary of high quality without the help of experienced lexicographers. RecenzjaDwa osobliwe słowniki języka łotewskiegoSłowniki estońsko-łotewski (red. Valts Ernštreits) i łotewsko-estoński (kierownik projektu Arvi Tavast) zostały opublikowane jednocześnie i w takiej samej szacie graficznej. W każdym z nich zawarto ponad 40 tysięcy haseł, jednakże słowniki te nie mają identycznej objętości, gdyż słownik estońsko-łotewski liczy znacznie więcej stron. Wynika to z tego, że jest on tradycyjnym słownikiem dwujęzycznym, w którym poza innymi informacjami możemy znaleźć mnóstwo przykładów użycia tłumaczonej leksyki. Z kolei słownik łotewsko-estoński mógłby zapewne zostać nazwany eksperymentalnym. Został on opracowany na podstawie paralelnego korpusu, materiał leksykalny na ogół opracowano automatycznie przy zastosowaniu specjalistycznego oprogramowania, a profesjonalni leksykografowie nie uczestniczyli w autorskiej pracy nad tym słownikiem. W efekcie bardziej przypomina on zestawienie słownictwa, nie ma bowiem w tym słowniku przykładów użycia tłumaczonych wyrazów. Dziwne jest to, że wiele z haseł wyrazowych to w ogóle nie są wyrazy, lecz grupy wyrazów. Ten eksperymentalny słownik dowodzi, że samo oprogramowanie wciąż nie wystarcza, aby opracować dobrej jakości słownik bez udziału doświadczonych leksykografów.
Janusz Rieger, Słownictwo polszczyzny gwarowej na Brasławszczyźnie, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sub Lupa, 2014, 459 ss.
Authors: Głuszkowski Michał
Published: January 2017

ReviewReview on Janusz Rieger’s Słownictwo polszczyzny gwarowej na Brasławszczyźnie, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sub Lupa, 2014, 459 ss. The given work characterizes Polish dialectal lexis including foreign influence in the Brasław region. In the review Rieger’s work was compared with other publications on the given topic, as well as the content was analyzed. RecenzjaRecenzja opracowania Janusza Riegera, Słownictwo polszczyzny gwarowej na Bra­sławszczyźnie, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sub Lupa, 2014, 459 ss. Praca przedstawia polską leksykę gwarową w regionie brasławskim wraz z obcymi wpływami. W recenzji dokonano porównania z innymi pracami na temat słownictwa danego obszaru i dokonano omówienia treści.
Śladami historii Bałtów i Słowian: spojrzenie na melodie białoruskich pieśni żniwnych
Authors: Žičkienė Aušra
Published: January 2017

Галина Кутырёва-Чубаля, Белорусский жнивный напев: архетипы, инновации, диалекты, Bielsko-Biała: Wydawnictwo Akademii Techniczno-Humanistycznej, 2009, 264 ss. ReviewTracing the Footsteps of the Baltic and Slavic History: Lancing at the Melodies of the Belorussian Harvest Songs The book review: Кутырева-Чубаля, Г. (2009). Белорусский жнивный напев: архетипы, инновации, диалекты. Bielsko-Biała: Wydawnictwo Akademii Techniczno-Humanistycznej. The rewiev contains the critical, polemical analysis of the objective content of the book. In the rewiever‘s conclusion, the investigation made by author seems to be on the level of the scientific discovery, however, the book did not reach more readers probably because of some vexatious pecularities of its form and unfavourable circumstances. RecenzjaŚladami historii Bałtów i Słowian: spojrzenie na melodie białoruskich pieśni żniwnych Recenzja książki Galiny Kutyriowej-Czubali Белорусский жнивный напев: архетипы, инновации, диалекты. Bielsko-Biała: Wydawnictwo Akademii Techniczno-Humani­stycznej, 2009. Recenzja stanowi krytyczno-polemiczną analizę części merytorycznej książki. Autorka recenzji przekonuje, że pracę tę można uznać za prawdziwe odkrycie naukowe, jednak z powodu przyjętych w niej rozwiązań formalnych oraz niesprzy­jających okoliczności nie trafiła ona do szerszego grona odbiorców.
Dr Zita Virginija Šimėnaitė (1950–2016)
Authors: Sawaniewska-Mochowa Zofia , Sakalauskienė Vilija
Published: January 2017

Dr. Zita Virginija Šimėnaitė (1950–2016)Dr. Zita Šimėnaitė passed away on the 1st of August, 2016. She was a researcher who made a great contribution to the still developing field of Lithuanian lexicography. Between 2005 and 2014, she conducted work of the Lexicographical Centre in the Institute of the Lithuanian Language in Vilnius. Her academic and intellectual life was devoted to her two great passions: collaborating with other linguists in creation of new scientific dictionaries of the Lithuanian language, and artistic photography. She made a valuable contribution to the great dictionary of the Lithuanian language (Lietuvių kalbos žodynas; LKŽ) via enriching files, editing and developing numerous entries, as well as preparing an electronic version of the dictionary (www.lkz.lt). She co-authored the phraseological dictionary of the Lithuanian language (2002) and the dictionary for learners of the Lithuanian language (2000, second edition 2010). She conducted many projects in the field of monolingual and translational lexicography. She also popularized ideas and work of Lithuanian lexicographers during symposia and conferences in her home country and abroad. She actively participated in the scientific exchange and cooperation between the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. Dr Zita Virginija Šimėnaitė (1950–2016)Dnia 1 sierpnia 2016 r. zmarła dr Zita Šimėnaitė, badaczka mająca wielkie zasługi dla pomnażania dorobku leksykografii litewskiej. Od 2005 do 2014 r. kierowała pracami Centrum Leksykograficznego Instytutu Języka Litewskiego w Wilnie. Swoje życie poświęciła realizacji dwóch wielkich pasji: tworzeniu we współpracy z innymi lingwistami naukowych słowników języka litewskiego oraz fotografii artystycznej. Wniosła cenny wkład w uzupełnianie kartoteki, opracowanie licznych haseł i redagowanie wielkiego słownika języka litewskiego (Lietuvių kalbos žodynas; LKŽ) oraz przygoto­wanie jego wersji elektronicznej (www.lkz.lt). Współtworzyła słownik frazeologiczny języka litewskiego (2002) oraz słownik do nauki języka litewskiego (2000, drugie wydanie 2010). Zrealizowała wiele projektów z zakresu leksykografii jednojęzycznej i przekładowej; przybliżała koncepcje i dzieła litewskich leksykografów na sympozjach w kraju i za granicą, uczestniczyła w wymianie naukowej między Instytutem Języka Litewskiego a Instytutem Slawistyki PAN.
The One Form/One Meaning Principle. The Case for Case. Part I
Authors: Korżyk Krzysztof
Published: January 2017

The One Form/One Meaning Principle. The Case for Case. Part IThe main topic of the paper is the problem of validating linguistic procedures aimed at representing the meaning of cases as they are employed in two invariant-oriented approaches to language and grammar: in Roman Jakobson’s ‘feature-based’ framework and in Gustave Guillaume’s Psychomechanics of Language. Also taken into account are trends within the cognitively-oriented approach to grammar, whose proponents object to procedures based on the structuralist principle: one form/one meaning. Ultimately, by invoking the methodological prerequisites of cognitive linguistics, as introduced in Ronald Langacker’s version of cognitive grammar, the author claims that, inasmuch as cases are concerned, there seems to be, in principle, no contradiction between introducing a stable relationship between the linguistic sign and its meaning, and positing the prototype-centered and network-based structuring of a linguistic category, as advocated in cognitive linguistics. The conclusion is that any of these three linguistic traditions could benefit by taking into account the findings of the other two approaches. Zasada jednej formy/jednego znaczenia. Przypadek do przypadka. Część IW artykule autor omawia kwestie związane z oceną wartości językoznawczych strategii i procedur modelowania znaczenia form przypadkowych w dwóch inwariantywnie zorientowanych podejściach do języka i gramatyki – Romana Jakobsona matrycowym ujęciu cech semantycznych oraz Gustave’a Guillaume’a psychomechaniki języka. W toku wywodu autor analizuje teoretyczne uwarunkowania konstruktów służących badaniu i reprezentowaniu znaczeniowych inwariantów kategorii przypadkowych oraz form będących ich tekstowymi realizacjami. Autor bierze też pod uwagę wątpliwości przedstawicieli kognitywnie zorientowanaych badań nad kategorią przypadka dotyczące wartości wyjaśnień uzyskiwanych za pomocą modeli odwołujących się do strukturalistycznej zasady jedna forma/jedno znaczenie. Odwołując się do ustaleń gramatyki kognitywnej Ronalda Langackera i jej zwolenników, autor konfrontuje je z ustaleniami przywołanych wcześniej badaczy i stwierdza, że w kwestii semantyki form przypadkowych nie ma zasadniczej sprzeczności między strukturalno–funkcjonalnym postulowaniem ustabilizowanej relacji między znakiem językowym i jego znaczeniem a prototypowo–sieciową organizacją kategorii językowej proponowaną przez zwolenników ujęć kognitywnych. Ponadto autor konstatuje, że pochodzące z trzech różnych tradycji językoznawczych wyjaśnienia kwestii znaczenia form przypadkowych wzajemnie się dopełniają, odsłaniając wieloaspektową naturę tego zjawiska.
Towards Application of Speech Act Theory to Opinion Mining
Authors: Pluwak Agnieszka Magdalena
Published: January 2017

Towards the Application of Speech Act Theory to Opinion MiningThe paper refers to the pragmatics’ perspective on opinion mining in Polish and English, inspired by the discrepancy between the coverage of sentiment analysis and the market demand. An analysis of speech acts expressed in opinion texts reveals that almost half of all opinions include ways of indirect evaluation that might not get extracted while applying traditional methods of sentiment analysis based on direct evaluative vocabulary and polarity lexicons. Coding of sentiment with respect to speech acts could vastly broaden data mining results within an NLP-system. O zastosowaniu teorii aktów mowy w ekstrakcji danych z tekstów opinii internetowychJedno z aktualnych zagadnień językoznawstwa komputerowego, jakim jest automatyczne badanie wydźwięku wypowiedzi, nie uwzględniło dotychczas w wystarczającym stopniu pragmatyki językoznawczej, np. aktów mowy Austina (1961) i Searla (1969), a zatem również implicytnych sposobów wyrażania ewaluacji. Tymczasem podejście od pragmatyki ku konstrukcjom przełożonym na reguły programistyczne umożliwiłoby nie tylko szersze spojrzenie na analizę sentymentu, ale też zbliżyłoby automat do sposobu, w jaki odbiera go człowiek. W szczególności chodzi tu sposoby wyrażania (nie)zadowolenia wykraczające poza poziom leksykalny (bez nacechowanej negatywnie leksyki), typu Nigdy więcej tam nie pójdę.Artykuł prezentuje: 1. aktualne podejścia do analizy wydźwięku w lingwistyce komputerowej, 2. propozycję zastosowania podejścia pragmatycznego, 3. wyniki badania próbki tekstów opinii internetowych pod kątem występowania w nich aktów mowy, 4. propozycję utworzenia reguł ekstrakcji danych na ich podstawie. Zaprezentowane podejście zakłada hipotezę wtórnej oralności, czyli tego, że język opinii jest zapisanym językiem mówionym.
Equivalent Culture-Anchored Units Translation? The Phraseological Units Issue
Authors: Jaskot Maciej Paweł
Published: January 2017

Equivalent Culture-Anchored Units Translation? The Phraseological Units IssueThis article examines a question that has been of long-standing interest to linguists working in the fields of cross-linguistic phraseology and the translation of idiosyncratic language units, such as phraseological units (PUs). The challenge of translating PUs, which are understood as "patterns sanctioned by a given culture", involves the translation of culturemes. Therefore, a good translator must be able to assess the importance of the elements containing cultural references in the source language while "moving" them to the target language. When translating PUs, it is desirable that interlingual (cross-linguistic) equivalence be achieved. The fact that translations of a PU can be very different (the translator can paraphrase the text, creatively change it, or simply eliminate the PU) implies that the translational equivalence of PUs must be functional. While a cross-linguistic comparison (and the achievement of translational equivalence) of PUs can be made by omitting the form parameter, it is desirable to preserve the extension and semantic structure, the connotative-pragmatic component, and the phrase combinatorics. Ekwiwalencja jedostek "kulturowo zakotwiczonych"? Kwestia jednostek frazeologicznychArtykuł porusza zagadnienie, które od kilkudziesięciu lat cieszy się zainteresowaniem językoznawców zajmujących się konfrontacją językową frazeologii oraz tłumaczeniem idiosynkratycznych jednostek językowych, takich jak jednostki frazeologiczne (JF). Wyzwaniem podczas tłumaczenia JF, rozumianych jako "wzorce sankcjonowane przez daną kulturę", jawi się konieczność tłumaczenia kulturemów. Tłumacz zatem stoi w obliczu konieczności prawidłowej oceny danego elementu pod względem jego odniesień kulturowych w języku źródłowym podczas przekładania JF na język docelowy. Podczas tłumaczenia JF pożądane jest osiągnięcie międzyjęzykowej (cross-linguistic) ekwiwalencji. Fakt, że tłumaczenie JF może być wielorakie (tłumacz może parafrazować tekst, twórczo go zmienić lub po prostu wyeliminować JF), oznacza, że ekwiwalencja przekładu JF musi być funkcjonalna. Chociaż podczas międzyjęzykowego porównania (mającego na celu osiągnięcie translacyjnej równoważności) JF ich forma jest rzeczą drugorzędną, to wskazane jest, aby zachować ich rozszerzenie znaczeniowe i strukturę semantyczną, aspekt konotacyjno-pragmatyczny oraz łączliwość.
A Cognitive Approach to the Compilation of Test Materials for the Evaluation of Translator's Skills
Authors: Berg Elena , Kit Mark
Published: January 2017

A Cognitive Approach to the Compilation of Test Materials for the Evaluation of Translator's SkillsThis paper discusses the importance of a cognitive approach to the evaluation of translator’s skills. The authors set forth their recommendations for the compilation of test materials for the evaluation of translators’ cognitive ability. Kognitywne podejście do kompilowania tekstów służących ocenie umiejętności tłumaczaArtykuł porusza wagę kognitywnego podejścia do ewaluacji umiejętności tłumacza. Autorzy przedstawiają swoje zalecenia co do kompilowania materiałów testowych do ewaluacji kognitywnych zdolności tłumacza.
Mention Detection for Coreference Resolution in Polish. Development of the Formal Grammar
Authors: Wójcicka Alicja , Kopeć Mateusz
Published: January 2017

Mention Detection for Coreference Resolution in Polish. Development of the Formal GrammarThis paper presents the results of an improvement and extension of the Shallow Grammar of Polish, designed for the needs of the Computer-based Methods for Coreference Resolution in Polish Texts (CORE) project. The role of the Grammar was to detect nominal groups (i.e. multi-level nested phrases) that could be considered as mentions in coreference resolution tasks. In this article, the reorganization and changes to the Grammar are described, as well as the results of an evaluation of the Polish Coreference Corpus with manual annotations of mentions and coreferential expressions. A comparison of the second version of the Grammar with an evaluation of the first version reveals an improvement to the recall and F1 measures. Parsing płytki relacji koreferencji w języku polskim. Rozwój gramatyki formalnejCelem artykułu jest przedstawienie rezultatów prac zmierzających do rozszerzenia gramatyki powierzchniowej języka polskiego, stworzonej na potrzeby projektu "Komputerowe metody identyfikacji nawiązań w tekstach polskich" (grant NCN nr 6505/B/T02/2011/40), oraz poprawy wyników jej działania. Rolą gramatyki powierzchniowej jest wykrywanie grup nominalnych, które mogą wchodzić w relację koreferencji z innymi wyrażeniami w tekście. Nowa gramatyka została przetestowana z użyciem Polskiego Korpusu Koreferencyjnego, w którym grupy nominalne oraz relacje koreferencji między nimi zostały oznaczone ręcznie. Porównanie nowej wersji gramatyki z wersją poprzednią wykazało poprawę zarówno skuteczności wykrywania odpowiednich grup, jak i wzrost miary F1.
The Problems of Semantic Equivalence in Different Types of Ukrainian-Polish and Polish-Ukrainian Dictionaries
Authors: Kononenko Iryna
Published: January 2017

The Problems of Semantic Equivalence in Different Types of Ukrainian-Polish and Polish-Ukrainian DictionariesThis article deals with the problems of semantic equivalence that authors of various types of dictionaries, including bilingual ones, are faced with. Words and phraseological units of common Polish and Ukrainian origin separately developed their systems of meanings in both languages, making it difficult to identify analogues that adequately reflect the semantic structure of linguistic units. In general, the author’s assumptions are based on experience of publishing Polish-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-Polish dictionaries of various types. Problemy ekwiwalencji semantycznej w ukraińsko-polskich i polsko-ukraińskich słownikach różnych typówArtykuł porusza problem ekwiwalencji semantycznej, który napotykają autorzy słowników różnych typów, w tym dwujęzycznych. Polskie i ukraińskie wyrazy i jednostki frazeologiczne o wspólnym pochodzeniu rozwijają w każdym języku swoje własne systemy znaczeń, utrudniając określenie odpowiedników i adekwatne odzwierciedlenie struktury semantycznej jednostek. Ogólne założenia autorki są oparte na jej doświadczeniu w publikowaniu polsko-ukraińskich i ukraińsko-polskich słowników różnych typów.
The Weather Research and Forecasting Model: Overview, System Efforts, and Future Directions
Authors: Powers Jordan G. , Klemp Joseph B. , Skamarock William C. , Davis Christopher A. , Dudhia Jimy , Gill David O. , Coen Janice L. , Gochis David J. , Ahmadov Ravan , Peckham Steven E. , Grell Georg A. , Michalakes John , Trahan Samuel , Benjamin Stanley G. , Alexander Curtis R. , Dimego Geoffrey J. , Wang Wei , Schwartz Craig S. , Romine Glen S. , Liu Zhiquan , Snyder Chris , Chen Fei , Barlage Michael J. , Yu Wei , Duda Michael G.
Published: January 2017

Since its initial release in 2000, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model has become one of the world’s most widely used numerical weather prediction models. Designed to serve both research and operational needs, it has grown to offer a spectrum of options and capabilities for a wide range of applications. In addition, it underlies a number of tailored systems that address Earth system modeling beyond weather. While the WRF Model has a centralized support effort, it has become a truly community model, driven by the developments and contributions of an active worldwide user base. The WRF Model sees significant use for operational forecasting, and its research implementations are pushing the boundaries of finescale atmospheric simulation. Future model directions include developments in physics, exploiting emerging compute technologies, and ever-innovative applications. From its contributions to research, forecasting, educational, and commercial efforts worldwide, the WRF Model has made a significant mark on numerical weather prediction and atmospheric science.
Sex trafficking in Cyprus: An in-depth study of policy, services, and social work involvement
Authors: Cox Carole Beth
Published: January 2017

Human trafficking is a major social justice issue, with sex trafficking the most documented form. It depends on vulnerable and oppressed women who are bartered as commodities in an extremely profitable global market. Given their victimization, the loss of dignity, and the complete violation of the human rights of these victims, sex trafficking has major implications for the social work profession. Using a case study approach, this article explores sex trafficking policy and its implementation in Cyprus, a country that has been named a destination country for trafficking victims. Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, the factors impacting policy, its implementation, and social work involvement are explored.
Massive Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Hand in an Infant With Metastasis at Birth: Management Dilemma
Authors: Narayana Kurup Jayakrishnan K. , Kamble Vinay C. , Acharya Ashwath M. , Bhat Anil K.
Published: January 2017

Background: Rhabdomyosarcomas are malignant tumors arising from striated muscle but can be often confused with primitive neuroectodermal tumors and Ewing sarcoma. They are often classified based on age of presentation and histological features. Three major types of rhabdomyosarcomas are embryonal, alveolar, and pleomorphic with characteristic presentations. Method: Here, we present a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the hand of a 5-month-old child with lymphatic metastasis, the age, site, and metastasis being unusual feature for this type of rhabdomyosarcoma. Result: The child succumbed to the complications soon after initiation of chemotherapy. Conclusion: Age, site, metastasis at birth and treatment related complications contribute to the poor outcome.