bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water scarcity and poverty: The lasting impact of a maintenance campaign at South African schools across the affluence divide
Authors: Booysen M. J. , Gerber S.
Published: September 2021

Water features prominently in discussions on sustainability. The recent Cape Town ‘Day Zero’ drought heightened fears about global cities running dry as the climate changes. During that crisis a campaign was launched to save water at schools, consisting of a basic maintenance campaign and a behavioural campaign. The former was limited to easy fixes, and the latter comprised an information campaign and an information and competition campaign. The impacts of these were assessed immediately after the interventions. This paper revisits the maintenance results by assessing the difference in responses according to affluence levels of the schools, and by evaluating the impacts one year after the campaigns. We find that the poorer schools were not able to sustain the maintenance gains, especially at the primary schools.
Clinical case of successful endovascular correction of an arterio-ureteral fistula
Authors: Chernyavsky M.A. , Mosoyan M.S. , Vanyurkin A.G. , Susanin N.V. , Kazantsev A.N.
Published: September 2021

Arterio-ureteral fistulas are a pathological condition characterised by the appearance of a defect between the blood vessels and adjacent distal segments of the ureter. Arterio-ureteral fistulas are relatively rare and potentially life-threatening, since they are associated with a high risk of developing haemorrhagic shock against the background of recurrent massive haematuria.This study describes the successful endovascular treatment of arterio-ureteral fistulas in a 51-year-old female patient. Evisceration of the pelvic organs was performed, followed by uretero-cutaneostomy and colostomy. Ureteral stents were installed to improve the outflow of urine and prevent ureteral stenosis. After stent removal, episodes of recurrent profuse bleeding from uretero-cutaneostomy occurred. On admission, multi-spiral computed tomography with angiography of the iliac arteries was performed. Extravasation of the contrast agent was not detected; however, external compression of the left common iliac artery by the left ureter was identified. After further examination, a balloon-expandable stent-graft was implanted into the left common iliac artery. The postoperative period thereafter was uneventful.This clinical case demonstrates the highly efficient endovascular treatment of the presented pathology and exemplifies the need for an integrated and multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and treatment of arterio-ureteral fistulas. Minimally invasive techniques can reduce surgical trauma and quickly isolate pathological blood discharge from the artery into the ureter. The advantages and disadvantages of endovascular technologies in the treatment of the presented pathology are also discussed.Received 16 February 2021. Revised 11 March 2021. Accepted 12 March 2021.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interests.Contribution of the authorsDrafting the article: A.G. Vanyurkin, A.N. KazantsevCritical revision of the article: M.A. Chernyavsky, N.V. Susanin, M.S. MosoyanSurgical treatment: M.A. Chernyavsky, A.G. Vanyurkin, N.V. SusaninFinal approval of the version to be published: M.A. Chernyavsky, M.S. Mosoyan, A.G. Vanyurkin, N.V. Susanin, A.N. Kazantsev
Surgical treatment of tandem stenosis of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Pryamikov A.D. , Mironkov A.B. , Khripun A.I.
Published: September 2021

This review article presents an analysis of the world literature devoted to treating patients with tandem stenosis of the intra- and extra-cranial parts of the internal carotid artery. We indicate the frequency of tandem lesion occurrence and describe the applied instrumental methods of its diagnosis. The review demonstrates the results of tandem stenosis surgical treatment in both early and more modern studies and describes the possibilities of endovascular correction of extra- and intra-cranial stenosis of the internal carotid artery. The authors emphasise the lack of large-scale studies — including randomised studies — regarding combined, tandem carotid stenosis and the need for further studies.Received 30 March 2021. Revised 8 May 2021. Accepted 11 May 2021.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interests.Contribution of the authors: The authors contributed equally to this article.
Role of toll-like receptors in complications of cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects in children
Authors: Tsepokina A.V. , Anikeenko A.A. , Shmulevich S.A. , Ponasenko A.V. , Shabaldin A.V.
Published: September 2021

Background. Cardiac surgery in combination with hypothermia, ischaemia and reperfusion leads to an inflammatory response causing postoperative complications. Toll-like receptors are signalling molecules through which some functions of innate immunity can be activated, and polymorphic variants in the TLR-family genes can be predictors of complications after cardiac surgery.Aim. To study the associations of TLR-family genes with infectious and non-infectious complications of cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects.Methods. The study included 89 children (44 girls and 45 boys) with congenital heart defects who underwent cardiac surgery. Complications occurred in 47 children 47 days after cardiac surgery. There were no complications in 42 children. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes.Results. A two-locus model of gene-gene interaction between TLR1 rs5743551 and TLR2 rs3804099 was the best fit, accounting for 4.01% of phenotypic entropy. The TLR2 gene polymorphic variant rs5743708 had the highest predictive potential (2.59%).Conclusion. The development of postoperative complications of cardiac surgical treatment for congenital heart defects can be due to the synergistic effect of the polymorphic variants rs5743551 in the TLR1 gene and rs3804099 in the TLR2 gene. This effect occurs through the features of TLR1 and TLR2 transcription, the subsequent expression of receptors on cells and signalling which activates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Received 25 February 2021. Revised 11 May 2021. Accepted 12 May 2021.Funding: The work is supported by the complex program of fundamental research of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (No. 0554-2019-0002).Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interests.Contribution of the authorsConception and study design: A.V. Shabaldin, A.V. Ponasenko, A.V. TsepokinaData collection and analysis: A.A. Anikeenko, A.V. Tsepokina, S.A. ShmulevichStatistical analysis: A.V. Shabaldin, A.V. TsepokinaDrafting the article: A.V. Shabaldin, A.V. Tsepokina, A.V. PonasenkoCritical revision of the article: A.V. TsepokinaFinal approval of the version to be published: A.V. Tsepokina, A.A. Anikeenko, S.A. Shmulevich, A.V. Ponasenko, A.V. Shabaldin
‘LEX OSCA TABULAE BANTINAE’ TEKST – TŁUMACZENIE – KOMENTARZ
Authors: Sitek Bronisław
Published: September 2021

Zachowany fragment ustawy municypalnej lex Osca Tabulae Bantinae jest przykładem polityki Rzymu w stosunku do pierwotnych kultur na południu Italii. Rzymianie zachowywali język oraz lokalne zwyczaje, wprowadzając jednocześnie rzymskie regulacje prawne, stanowiące podstawą organizacji i funkcjonowania miasta. Historia tej ustawy jest również przykładem, w jaki sposób redagowano i zapisywano teksty prawne na przełomie II i I w. po Chr.
W JAKIM WIEKU, Z JAKIEJ RODZINY I WEDŁUG JAKIEGO RYTUAŁU DZIEWICA WESTALSKA JEST ZABIERANA PRZEZ PRZEWODNICZĄCEGO KOLEGIUM PONTYFIKÓW. AULUS GELLIUS, ‘NOCE ATTyCKIE’ 1,12 TEKST – TŁUMACZENIE – KOMENTARZ
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: September 2021

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Competências do bibliotecário atuando como gestor na biblioteca escolar
Authors: Cartaxo Khadidja de Brito , Lima Antonia Lucineide Francisco de , Serafim Lucas Almeida
Published: September 2021

A biblioteca escolar é um espaço fundamental no processo de ensino aprendizagem, responsável em despertar no aluno o gosto pela leitura, para que ele possa adquirir conhecimento e se tornar assim um cidadão autocritico. Esta pesquisa visa mostrar a importância do profissional bibliotecário enquanto gestor de um espaço e o seu papel na formação de novos usuários. Como resultado dessa pesquisa foi observado que outros profissionais com formação em outras áreas atuam nas bibliotecas escolares, fazendo com que assim, a presença do profissional bibliotecário torne-se dispensável. A partir dessa pesquisa pode-se concluir que há uma carência de profissionais bibliotecários no que diz respeito a gestão pública, não existindo nenhum bibliotecário atuando nas escolas municipais, havendo somente professores readaptados a frente das bibliotecas. Isso se revela algo preocupante, pois por não ser o profissional certo para exercer a função, muitas vezes não há o empenho e nem interesse em fazer com que o espaço funcione de maneira correta, fazendo com que não desperte o interesse por parte do aluno e da comunidade escolar.
Gestão de arquivos escolares
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda da Silva , Gomes Priscila Ribeiro
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo teve por objetivo analisar as possibilidades de gestão de arquivos escolares. Para atender a essa finalidade, inicialmente contextualizou-se a gestão de documentos enquanto teoria e prática, o que permitiu apreender seus instrumentos e subsídios que podem auxiliar na organização dos arquivos escolares. Posteriormente levantou-se as ações de gestão desenvolvidas pelo Estado do Rio de Janeiro, através do Arquivo Público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Rio de Janeiro e o que já se encontra enquanto perspectivas no universo específico das escolas, com destaque aos profissionais disponíveis e atuantes que contribuem no seu fazer cotidiano para a gestão desses arquivos. Como resultado infere-se que ainda há uma ausência de práticas de gestão de documentos nas escolas e uma necessidade de aprimorar a gestão dos arquivos escolares, o que se constitui ainda como um desafio a ser enfrentado. Para enfrentar a questão consideramos necessário aproximar as ações de gestão de documentos estaduais já existentes das escolas; sensibilizar os sujeitos das escolas quanto à necessidade de gerirem e preservarem os documentos escolares; pensar estratégias de gestão de documentos que façam sentido no âmbito escolar e sensibilizar as autoridades quanto à necessidade das escolas serem espaços de atuação profissional para os arquivistas.
A escola na construção do pensamento pedagógico: teorias pedagógicas conservadora e progressista
Authors: Silva Hélcia Macedo de Carvalho Diniz e , Palhano Tania Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

A relevância de teorias pedagógicas é discussão central no âmbito deste texto, que tem por objetivo geral analisar as teorias pedagógicas, conservadora e progressista, à luz do pensamento de Saviani (1999), que faz críticas à Bourdieu e Passeron (1970) em sua teoria da escola como reprodução, e Althusser (1980), por sua leitura estruturalista da educação como ideologia. Estas, configuram-se como pressupostos de aprendizagem que incidiram na prática escolar brasileira. Justifica-se a presente investigação filosófica por favorecer a discussão sobre os fundamentos essenciais no âmbito da Filosofia da Educação. O desenvolvimento tem por base materiais bibliográficos, websites e artigos científicos, Inter alia, com o uso de ferramentas metodológicas, de natureza qualitativa, método dedutivo e caráter interpretativista. O quadro teórico-metodológico de Mikhail Bakhtin (1981) sobre o já-dito e as vozes dos textos consiste em metodologia desta análise do discurso. Como resultados, demonstra-se a teoria pedagógica de Saviani (1999) que, de certa forma, está presente na prática escolar brasileira. Para tanto, a pergunta que se estabelece é a seguinte: como as teorias conservadora e progressista coexistem ao lado da teoria histórico-crítica no fazer docente no âmbito da escola?
Itinerâncias formativas: estágio e práticas em contextos de aprendizagens colaborativas
Authors: Nascimento Marilene Batista da Cruz , Santos Mateus Henrique Silva , Guedes Josevânia Teixeira
Published: September 2021

Este estudo apresenta as ações relacionadas ao estágio e às práticas em contextos profissionais na formação universitária das licenciandas do curso de Pedagogia, da Universidade Federal de Sergipe/Campus Professor Alberto Carvalho, inserindo-se no componente curricular Estágio Supervisionado IV, com vistas a discutir sobre as itinerâncias e a apropriação de aprendizagens em redes colaborativas para a atuação no campo da gestão e dos diferentes espaços e tempos pedagógicos da escola básica numa abordagem inter e transdisciplinar. A trilha metodológica seguiu os princípios da intervenção, baseada em problemáticas do cotidiano de cinco unidades de ensino públicas das redes estadual e municipal, envolvendo a participação de 23 estagiárias e o apoio de membros do PET Educação – Conexão de Saberes, do Grupo de Aprendizagem e Ensino de Física (GAEF) e do Grupo de Pesquisa Relicário. Os resultados sinalizaram que as itinerâncias formativas (re)construídas pelos envolvidos promoveram impactos no campo do desenvolvimento humano e social das escolas e da própria UFS, haja vista aproximar as diversas realidades, potencializar o trabalho colaborativo, criar espaços de diálogos e autonomia entre os atores.
Recent Updates on Sinularia Soft Coral
Authors: Elkhouly Hanaa Bahaa , Attia Eman Zekry , Khedr Amgad Ibrahim Mansour , Samy Mamdouh Nabil , Fouad Mostafa Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Marine organisms are recognized as a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The
remarkable abundance and diversity of bioactive small molecules isolated from soft corals displayed
their essential role in drug discovery for human diseases. Sterols and terpenes, particularly cembranolides,
14-membered cyclic diterpene, demonstrated numerous biological activities, such as antitumor,
antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporosis and anti-inflammatory. Accordingly,
continuous investigation of marine soft corals leads the way to discover a plentiful number of chemical
diverse natural products with various biological potentials for prospective pharmaceutical industrial
applications. Such review affords plenary inspection of the total secondary metabolites isolated
from the Sinularia, from 2008 until 2020, besides their natural sources as well as bioactivities whenever
possible.
Assesment of Iodine Deficiency in Patients with Nodular Goiter Living in the Precarpatian Region
Authors: Rybchak Lilija
Published: September 2021

The objective of the research was to assess the state of iodine supply of patients with nodular goiter living in the Precarpathian region.

Materials and methods: 56 patients with nodular goiter were examined (38 women and 18 men), the average age of patients was 48 years. WHO / UNICEF / ICCIDD guidelines were used to assess the severity of iodine deficiency: goiter frequency according to palpation and ultrasound examinations, median of iodine excretion in urine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroglobulin levels. Determination of iodine concentration in urine was conducted by the method of “blind”, closed randomized study in single portions of urine according to the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction by the method of Dunn et al. in the laboratory of epidemiology of endocrine diseases at  the State Institution “V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism” (supervisor – Professor VI Kravchenko).

Results. According to the results of the study of iodine in the urine, the data with an average value of 85.9 μg/l were obtained. The median of thyroglobulin serum was in the range of 12.27 ng/L. Levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone were average in patients with nodular goiter of I and II grades constituting 3.13 mU/l (table 2). The level of thyroglobulin median was noted to be the highest in patients with thyroid size corresponding to grade II.

Conclusions. The results of the study of iodine in the urine of patients with nodular goiter of grades I and II living in the Precarpathian region indicated a mild level of iodine deficiency. The presence of iodine deficiency necessitated both mass (the use of iodized salt by the population) and individual iodine prevention (prescribing potassium iodide).
The Study of the Awareness of Healthcare Workers on Organizational Aspects of Vaccination
Authors: Bulavinova Kateryna , Detsyk Oryna , Tsikhon Zoya
Published: September 2021

Aim. To analyze the awareness of healthcare workers on the organization of vaccination.

Materials and Methods. In 2018 – 2019 sociological survey was conducted among 1384 healthcare workers from 4 Ukrainian regions: 353 primary care physicians, 233 specialized medical care doctors, 88 healthcare managers, 700 nurses, and 10 others.

Results. Gaps in the knowledge and beliefs of health professionals associated with the organization of vaccination were founded: less than half of the surveyed health workers understand that vaccination is carried out with any certified vaccine, regardless of the country of origin; a significant part of respondents tend to prescribe drugs not recommended by international guidelines (53.6%), antihistamines (15.9%) and anti-inflammatory (8.0%) drugs before vaccination; do not know about the possibility of doing several vaccinations in one visit (47.3%) and that the cold chain breach affects the effectiveness of the vaccine (52.4%). It was found that the most knowledgeable about the organization of immunoprophylaxis of the population are the health care managers and medical personnel who have passed special training on vaccination vs the least informed specialized medical care doctors.

Conclusions. It is necessary to develop a set of scientifically based measures to improve the awareness of health professionals about the organization of vaccination in order to improve the coverage of the population with immunoprophylaxis.
The Changes of Prooxidant-Antioxidant and Energy Homeostasis in Rates with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Guranych Serhii
Published: September 2021

Topicality.Violation of glucose utilization leads to disruption of all types of metabolic processes. Particularly dangerous in the prognostic aspect is the combination of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and other endocrine pathologies, in particular hypothyroid dysfunction.

The objective of the study was to examine prooxidant-antioxidant changes ofblood serum, teeth pulp and oral mucosa in rats with impaired glucose tolerance on the background of iodine deficiency.

Materials and Methods. The studies were carried on 60 female rats, which were divided into two research groups - rats with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance on the background of iodine deficiency. Lipid peroxidation processes were evaluated due to the content of diene conjugates and active products that react with thiobarbituric acid in blood serum, teeth pulp and oral mucosa. Antioxidant defence of blood serum was characterized by catalase, ceruloplasmin, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase activity and iron transferrin saturation. Energy metabolism was examined by the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase in blood serum.

Results.Impaired glucose tolerance was foundto lead to the activation of lipoperoxidation, mainly due to the accumulation of final products of lipid peroxidation in all studied tissues against the background of redistribution of the activity of antiradical enzymes. Under these experimental conditions, different changes in the activity of energy synthesis enzymes were observed. The development of combined endocrine pathology has led to more pronounced changes in the prooxidant-antioxidant system and significant suppression of serum dehydrogenase activity.

Conclusions.The development of insulin resistance on the background of iodine deficiency causes the activation of oxygen-dependent processes in periodontal tissues against the background of reduced antiradical defence and disruption of energy synthesis system.
The Road Not Taken: Failure to Protect from Atrocity Crimes in Myanmar
Authors: Gepp Malina Greta Meret
Published: September 2021

In 2005, more than 150 heads of State and government pledged that the world must never witness another Rwanda. They accepted the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) both their own populations, and those of other States from atrocity crimes. Yet, in late August 2017, thousands of Rohingya had to flee from the alleged genocide taking place in their home, northern Rakhine in Myanmar. The international community, equipped with a toolbox developed and refined over the past 12 years, does nothing more than politely asking Myanmar to stop. This begs the question: to what extent can the Responsibility to Protect doctrine be used to save the Rohingya from atrocities committed against them? This article explores the potential application of the R2P in the context of Myanmar by exploring the root causes of the alleged genocide, the legal status of the R2P and various options open to the international community to protect the Rohingya. The case is made that applying the R2P – in its current shape and form – would be in the best interest of the Rohingya. After all, the international community cannot stand by in the wake of another mass atrocity.
Behavioral Health Professionals’ Perceptions on Patient-Controlled Granular Information Sharing (Part 2): Focus Group Study
Authors: Ivanova Julia , Tang Tianyu , Idouraine Nassim , Murcko Anita , Whitfield Mary Jo , Dye Christy , Chern Darwyn , Grando Adela
Published: September 2021

Background

Patient-directed selection and sharing of health information “granules” is known as granular information sharing. In a previous study, patients with behavioral health conditions categorized their own health information into sensitive categories (eg, mental health) and chose the health professionals (eg, pharmacists) who should have access to those records. Little is known about behavioral health professionals’ perspectives of patient-controlled granular information sharing (PC-GIS).

Objective

This study aimed to assess behavioral health professionals’ (1) understanding of and opinions about PC-GIS; (2) accuracy in assessing redacted medical information; (3) reactions to patient rationale for health data categorization, assignment of sensitivity, and sharing choices; and (4) recommendations to improve PC-GIS.

Methods

Four 2-hour focus groups and pre- and postsurveys were conducted at 2 facilities. During the focus groups, outcomes from a previous study on patients’ choices for medical record sharing were discussed. Thematic analysis was applied to focus group transcripts to address study objectives.

Results

A total of 28 health professionals were recruited. Over half (14/25, 56%) were unaware or provided incorrect definitions of granular information sharing. After PC-GIS was explained, all professionals demonstrated understanding of the terminology and process. Most (26/32 codes, 81%) recognized that key medical data had been redacted from the study case. A majority (41/62 codes, 66%) found the patient rationale for categorization and data sharing choices to be unclear. Finally, education and other approaches to inform and engage patients in granular information sharing were recommended.

Conclusions

This study provides detailed insights from behavioral health professionals on granular information sharing. Outcomes will inform the development, deployment, and evaluation of an electronic consent tool for granular health data sharing.
Behavioral Health Professionals’ Perceptions on Patient-Controlled Granular Information Sharing (Part 1): Focus Group Study
Authors: Ivanova Julia , Tang Tianyu , Idouraine Nassim , Murcko Anita , Whitfield Mary Jo , Dye Christy , Chern Darwyn , Grando Adela
Published: September 2021

Background

Patient-controlled granular information sharing (PC-GIS) allows a patient to select specific health information “granules,” such as diagnoses and medications; choose with whom the information is shared; and decide how the information can be used. Previous studies suggest that health professionals have mixed or concerned opinions about the process and impact of PC-GIS for care and research. Further understanding of behavioral health professionals’ views on PC-GIS are needed for successful implementation and use of this technology.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in health professionals’ opinions on PC-GIS before and after a demonstrative case study.

Methods

Four focus groups were conducted at two integrated health care facilities: one serious mental illness facility and one general behavioral health facility. A total of 28 participants were given access to outcomes of a previous study where patients had control over medical record sharing. Participants were surveyed before and after focus groups on their views about PC-GIS. Thematic analysis of focus group output was paired with descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis of surveys.

Results

Behavioral health professionals showed a significant opinion shift toward concern after the focus group intervention, specifically on the topics of patient understanding (P=.001), authorized electronic health record access (P=.03), patient-professional relationship (P=.006), patient control acceptance (P<.001), and patient rights (P=.02). Qualitative methodology supported these results. The themes of professional considerations (2234/4025, 55.5% of codes) and necessity of health information (260/766, 33.9%) identified key aspects of PC-GIS concerns.

Conclusions

Behavioral health professionals agreed that a trusting patient-professional relationship is integral to the optimal implementation of PC-GIS, but were concerned about the potential negative impacts of PC-GIS on patient safety and quality of care.
An Open-Source, Standard-Compliant, and Mobile Electronic Data Capture System for Medical Research (OpenEDC): Design and Evaluation Study
Authors: Greulich Leonard , Hegselmann Stefan , Dugas Martin
Published: September 2021

Background

Medical research and machine learning for health care depend on high-quality data. Electronic data capture (EDC) systems have been widely adopted for metadata-driven digital data collection. However, many systems use proprietary and incompatible formats that inhibit clinical data exchange and metadata reuse. In addition, the configuration and financial requirements of typical EDC systems frequently prevent small-scale studies from benefiting from their inherent advantages.

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop and publish an open-source EDC system that addresses these issues. We aim to plan a system that is applicable to a wide range of research projects.

Methods

We conducted a literature-based requirements analysis to identify the academic and regulatory demands for digital data collection. After designing and implementing OpenEDC, we performed a usability evaluation to obtain feedback from users.

Results

We identified 20 frequently stated requirements for EDC. According to the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) 25010 norm, we categorized the requirements into functional suitability, availability, compatibility, usability, and security. We developed OpenEDC based on the regulatory-compliant Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium Operational Data Model (CDISC ODM) standard. Mobile device support enables the collection of patient-reported outcomes. OpenEDC is publicly available and released under the MIT open-source license.

Conclusions

Adopting an established standard without modifications supports metadata reuse and clinical data exchange, but it limits item layouts. OpenEDC is a stand-alone web app that can be used without a setup or configuration. This should foster compatibility between medical research and open science. OpenEDC is targeted at observational and translational research studies by clinicians.
Authors’ Response to Peer Reviews of “SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Uptake in a Correctional Setting: Cross-sectional Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Berk Justin , Murphy Matthew , Kane Kimberly , Chan Philip , Rich Josiah , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren
Published: September 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

These are author responses to peer review.
Research and Application of Artificial Intelligence Based on Electronic Health Records of Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Mu Dongmei , Peng Hao , Li Hua , Wang Ying , Wang Ping , Wang Yue , Han Siqi
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

With the accumulation of electronic health records and the development of artificial intelligence, patients with cancer urgently need new evidence of more personalized clinical and demographic characteristics and more sophisticated treatment and prevention strategies. However, no research has systematically analyzed the application and significance of artificial intelligence based on electronic health records in cancer care.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to conduct a review to introduce the current state and limitations of artificial intelligence based on electronic health records of patients with cancer and to summarize the performance of artificial intelligence in mining electronic health records and its impact on cancer care.

METHODS

Three databases were systematically searched to retrieve potentially relevant papers published from January 2009 to October 2020. Four principal reviewers assessed the quality of the papers and reviewed them for eligibility based on the inclusion criteria in the extracted data. The summary measures used in this analysis were the number and frequency of occurrence of the themes.

RESULTS

Of the 1034 papers considered, 148 papers met the inclusion criteria. Cancer care, especially cancers of female organs and digestive organs, could benefit from artificial intelligence based on electronic health records through cancer emergencies and prognostic estimates, cancer diagnosis and prediction, tumor stage detection, cancer case detection, and treatment pattern recognition. The models can always achieve an area under the curve of 0.7. Ensemble methods and deep learning are on the rise. In addition, electronic medical records in the existing studies are mainly in English and from private institutional databases.

CONCLUSIONS

Artificial intelligence based on electronic health records performed well and could be useful for cancer care. Improving the performance of artificial intelligence can help patients receive more scientific-based and accurate treatments. There is a need for the development of new methods and electronic health record data sharing and for increased passion and support from cancer specialists.
Participatory Design in Health Research:
A Way to Change Clinical Practice (Preprint)
Authors: Clemensen Jane , Holm Kristina Garne , Jakobsen Pernille Ravn , Jensen Charlotte Myhre , Nielsen Charlotte , Danbjørg Dorthe Boe , Rothmann Mette Juel
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Participatory Design (PD) is a methodology that focuses on user participation in the design of new technologies to leverage organizational changes. PD emerged within the computer field in the 1970s and 1980s when new programs and technologies were developed to empower workers by involving them in matters that concerned them. The concept of ‘users’ emerged during the design and development of personal computers. Consequently, users became central and key decision-makers in the generation of new technology.
PD in health research has been proven to change clinical practice. Genuine user involvement that includes all stakeholders, and robust collaborations across sciences, sectors, and disciplines are basic elements of successful research to change clinical practice and to implement novel technical and organizational approaches.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to share knowledge, experiences, and reflections regarding the results and impact of 7 studies completed by our group by:
• Describing how PD can be applied in health science.
• Illustrating how PD facilitates organizational changes, new perspectives and new communication methods.
• Explaining the relevance and suitability of PD as a research design in health science.
• Providing recommendations for conducting PD studies in health research.

METHODS

We reviewed 7 PD-based health science research studies which our group completed over a 19-year span. The paper presents examples from the 3 phases of PD and finally offers recommendations for future PD researchers.

RESULTS

This paper presents examples from 7 PD studies and finally offers recommendations for future PD researchers. All of the described studies promoted organizational changes supported by health technology and have been implemented at either international, national, regional, or local levels. In all the studies the researcher supported and facilitated creative processes in which users were heard and could participate when aiming to change clinical practice supported by new health technologies or novel applications of extant technology developed in close collaboration. An important component of all the PD studies was the field study as an ideal method to observe needs and interventions in real-life settings.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of PD in clinical health research facilitates new ways of offering patient pathways supported by tailored technology. In PD mutual learning and co-creation is facilitated. Thus, learning from users, rather than studying them, corroborates extant information and reveals new knowledge.
Remote Electroencephalography Monitoring of Epilepsy in Adults: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Milne-Ives Madison , Shankar Rohit , McLean Brendan , Duun-Henriksen Jonas , Blaabjerg Lykke , Meinert Edward
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is a key tool in diagnosing and determining treatment for people with epilepsy; however, obtaining sufficient high-quality data can be a time-consuming, costly, and inconvenient process for patients and health care providers. Remote EEG monitoring has the potential to improve patient experience, data quality, and accessibility for people with intellectual or developmental disabilities.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the current research evidence and knowledge gaps regarding the use of remote EEG monitoring interventions for adults with epilepsy.

METHODS

The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) and Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study (PICOS) frameworks will be used to structure the review. Searches will be conducted in 6 databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov) for articles published in English that evaluate at least one out-of-hospital EEG monitoring intervention or device for adults with epilepsy. A descriptive analysis will be conducted to summarize the results; key themes and gaps in the literature will be discussed.

RESULTS

Results will be included in the scoping review, which will be submitted for publication by April 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

This scoping review will summarize the state of the field of remote EEG monitoring interventions for adults with epilepsy and provide an overview of the strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in the research.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/33812
Identifying Patients With Delirium Based on Unstructured Clinical Notes: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ge Wendong , Alabsi Haitham , Jain Aayushee , Ye Elissa , Sun Haoqi , Fernandes Marta , Magdamo Colin , Tesh Ryan A , Collens Sarah I , Newhouse Amy , MVR Moura Lidia , Zafar Sahar , Hsu John , Akeju Oluwaseun , Robbins Gregory K , Mukerji Shibani S , Das Sudeshna , Westover M Brandon
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Delirium in hospitalized patients is a syndrome of acute brain dysfunction. Diagnostic (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]) codes are often used in studies using electronic health records (EHRs), but they are inaccurate.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to develop a more accurate method using natural language processing (NLP) to detect delirium episodes on the basis of unstructured clinical notes.

METHODS

We collected 1.5 million notes from >10,000 patients from among 9 hospitals. Seven experts iteratively labeled 200,471 sentences. Using these, we trained three NLP classifiers: Support Vector Machine, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Transformer. Testing was performed using an external data set. We also evaluated associations with delirium billing (ICD) codes, medications, orders for restraints and sitters, direct assessments (Confusion Assessment Method [CAM] scores), and in-hospital mortality. F1 scores, confusion matrices, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were used to compare NLP models. We used the φ coefficient to measure associations with other delirium indicators.

RESULTS

The transformer NLP performed best on the following parameters: micro F1=0.978, macro F1=0.918, positive AUC=0.984, and negative AUC=0.992. NLP detections exhibited higher correlations (φ) than ICD codes with deliriogenic medications (0.194 vs 0.073 for ICD codes), restraints and sitter orders (0.358 vs 0.177), mortality (0.216 vs 0.000), and CAM scores (0.256 vs –0.028).

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical notes are an attractive alternative to ICD codes for EHR delirium studies but require automated methods. Our NLP model detects delirium with high accuracy, similar to manual chart review. Our NLP approach can provide more accurate determination of delirium for large-scale EHR-based studies regarding delirium, quality improvement, and clinical trails.
A protocol of protocols to explore whether humans will continue in meaningful decision-making roles in an AI-driven future in complex health services (Preprint)
Authors: Doreswamy Nandini , Horstmanshof Louise
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Health care can broadly be divided into two domains: clinical health services and complex health services, i.e., non-clinical health services such as health policy and health regulation. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming both these areas. Currently, humans are leaders, managers, and decision makers in complex health services. However, with the rise of AI, the time has come to ask whether humans will continue to have meaningful decision-making roles in this domain.

OBJECTIVE

The objective is to establish a protocol of protocols to be used in the proposed research, which aims to explore whether humans will continue in meaningful decision-making roles in complex health services in an AI-driven future.

METHODS

The proposed research is designed as a four-step project, divided into two phases. In keeping with this design, the overarching protocol encompasses (i) the protocol for a scoping review that aims to identify and map human attributes that influence decision-making in complex health services; (ii) the protocol for a scoping review that aims to identify and map AI attributes that influence decision-making in this context; (iii) the protocol for a comparative analysis of human and AI attributes identified in the reviews; and (iv) the protocol for a simulation that tests the likelihood of humans competing, cooperating, or converging with AI in order to continue in meaningful decision-making roles in this context.

RESULTS

The results will be presented in tabular form, as well as visually intuitive formats.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper provides a roadmap for the proposed research. It also provides an example of a protocol of protocols for methods used in complex health research. While there are established guidelines for a priori protocols for scoping reviews, there is a paucity of guidance on establishing a protocol of protocols. This paper takes the first step towards building a scaffolding for future guidelines in this regard.
Linking Budgeting with Computational Thinking Pedagogy: Program Theory, Performance, and Budgeting
Authors: Lindsay Hall Michael
Published: September 2021

The pedagogy involved with preparing and delivering an analytically based course must contend with a number of important limitations or challenges. The challenges/limitations include needing a context for the use of the analytics being taught; others include where best to embed analytic courses in degree curriculum, determining content and delivery along with a number of additional limitations. A context can be created for these courses by establishing a base of usefulness of the course content and how it relates to other courses and to professional applications. However, one useful approach for a budgeting course is to put the analytics in a context of production and performance. These two significant elements of any problem-solving organization finance and budgeting process are significant features of teaching a course in budgeting. The article presented here is an illustration of a context-based approach along with features of pedagogy based in computational thinking which can be used to operationalize course elements while overcoming other salient limitations for analytic courses. The exemplar of a budgeting course is posed as an example.
The Pilot Model for Teaching Written Presentation: Writing of the Imaginary Text as a Sample
Authors: Jaber Baransi Dr. Rima Abu
Published: September 2021

Arabic is considered one of the most important components that constitute the national, cultural, individual, and collective identity of the Arab pupil. On the one hand, it has a fundamental role in the pupil’s life because through it, he expresses his thoughts, his feelings, and his needs. On the other hand, through it, he acquires and creates knowledge. However, this language is facing a lot of challenges that make the mission of teaching Arabic a complex one due to the phenomenon of diglossia, of colloquial Arabic ('Ammiyya/Darija) and Standard Arabic (Fusha). People throughout the Arab world communicate in their local dialects of colloquial Arabic while standard (fusha) Arabic is used only on formal occasions, in official correspondence, and at governmental offices.          The challenges of the era and the development of technology and sciences, and people’s resort to teaching courses of distant learning, especially during the recent period of the Corona pandemic, created a need to develop new teaching methods that help the pupils master all the aspects and the four language skills: reading, listening, speaking and writing.          Since writing is the ultimate result that the pupil has to acquire and control perfectly, he also has to acquire a lot of skills and make a lot of follow-up. Due to this new development, I chose to focus in this research on a pilot model in teaching written presentation, which I have developed in response to the new circumstances and the need to provide Arabic teachers with new, systematic, gradual methods of teaching the writing skills that are based on the pupils’ needs, on the one hand, and the needs of the environment and the modern era, on the other. This study is an article in a series of forthcoming articles that will deal with teaching various literary genres through a pilot model of teaching written presentation. I chose to start here with the genre of imaginary fictional writing that is based on the existence of events of fantasy weaving, which cannot take place in reality due to the challenges and aesthetics that exists in this kind of fictional art.
PREVALENCE OF TSST PRODUCING COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN WOUND SAMPLES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MRSA AGAINST TEA EXTRACT
Authors: PONRAJ MOHANADOSS , MALATHI MANICHAM , ZAMBARE VASUDEO , SUBBAIYA RAMASAMY
Published: September 2021

Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a potential pathogen for hospital-acquired infections. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of MRSA using tea extract.
Methods: All S. aureus isolates obtained from wound samples were studied for antibiotic resistance pattern using 23 different antibiotics. Based on coagulase negative, S. aureus isolates were identified for toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) gene and analyzed using PCR method. The antibacterial activities of tea extract were tested against MRSA using agar well-diffusion method.
Results: A total of 100 wound samples were collected from hospital, where 75% of samples showed presence of S. aureus. About 100% resistance to cefoperazone, ampicillin, penicillin, rifampicin, novobiocin, and vancomycin antibiotics was observed. The isolates showed less resistance <50% toward chloramphenicol (30%), ciprofloxacin (25%), gentamycin (52%), amikacin (38%), and imipenem (33%). Twenty-five isolates were selected for MRSA characterization based on multiple drug resistance pattern. Coagulase-negative S. aureus isolates showed presence of TSST gene. Tea extract (2%) showed effective antibacterial activity against MRSA strains.
Conclusion: The study showed the presence of MRSA at higher level and suggesting to out further epidemiological study on such infections. However, cost-effective and easily available tea extract was found to be the best antimicrobial agent for preventing such bacterial infection and to reduce the risk of emerging resistance.
Первый в мире сканирующий зондовый микроскоп в виде спутника как старт этапа научных спутников-лабораторий
Authors: Логинов Б.А.
Published: September 2021

На примере разработки первого в мире зондового микроскопа – спутника Земли, предлагается новый этап экспериментальных методов для различных наук – создание спутников-лабораторий, то есть вынос экспериментов из земных лабораторных установок непосредственно в космос в виде спутников Земли вместе с приборами и изучаемыми в них наборами объектов.
ПО ПУТИ ОТ 5G К 5G ADVANCED: РЕЛИЗЫ 17 И 18
Authors: Тихвинский В. , Девяткин Е. , Белявский В.
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена анализу текущей деятельности Партнерского проекта 3GPP по формированию технических требований и характеристик мобильных сетей поколения 5G в Релизах 17 и 18. Эти требования и характеристики включают в себя около 50 инновационных технологий и 400 перспективных тем исследований по различным аспектам эволюционного развития сетей 5G в направлении 5G Advanced.
Separation axioms of αm-contra-open maps and b-ω-open sets in generalized topological spaces
Authors: Ghanmi Boulbaba , Messaoud Rim , Missaoui Amira
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we introduce Tαm-Super-Spaces, αm-contra-closed maps, αm-contra-open maps, αm-contra-continuous maps, αm-contrairresolute maps, b-ω-open sets and Continuity via b-ω-open sets and studied some of their properties
Drowsiness Detection for Motorized Vehicles Using Machine Learning
Authors: George Ms. Twinkle P
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Driver drowsiness is one of the major causes for most of the accidents in the world. Detecting the driver's eye tiredness is the easiest way for measuring the drowsiness of the driver. The advent of high-speed motorized vehicles drowsy driving accidents has claimed the lives of millions of people across the globe. To avoid such accidents, proposes a Machine Learning based system drowsiness system for motorized vehicles with alarm and Web Push Notifications to notify the driver before any accident occurs. The driver's face is captured by a real-time camera system, and the eye borders are detected by a pre-trained machine learning model from the real-time video stream. Then each eye is represented by 6 – coordinates (x, y) starting from the left corner of the eye and then working clockwise around the eye. The EAR (Ear Aspect Ratio) is calculated across 20 consecutive frames, and if it falls below a certain threshold, it sounds an alarm and sends the details of the nearest coffee shop to your mobile device via a Web Push Notification. When the alarm is activated, it also displays a list of nearby coffee shops to help the driver stay awake. Keywords: Machine Learning, SVM, MOR, EAR