bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage-associated molecular patterns in bacteraemic infection, including a comparative analysis with bacterial DNA, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern
Authors: Alpkvist Helena , Ziegler Ingrid , Mölling Paula , Tina Elisabet , Sellvén Linnea , Norrby-Teglund Anna , Cajander Sara , Strålin Kristoffer
Published: October 2024

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are key triggers of inflammation in sepsis. However, they have rarely been studied simultaneously. Thus, in the present study of patients with bacteraemic infection, we aimed to study how DAMP dynamics are linked to disease severity and outcome and to compare diagnostic and prognostic properties of a DAMP and a previously analysed PAMP (16S rDNA). In a prospective study of adult patients hospitalized with culture-proven community-onset bacteraemic infection, caused by Streptococcus pneumonia (n = 30), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 27), or Escherichia coli (n = 26), dynamics of a PAMP, i.e. 16S rDNA, have previously been presented. For the present study, blood samples obtained on hospital days 1–2 (when blood culture was positive), 3–4, 7 ± 1, 14 ± 2, and 28 ± 4 were analysed for four different DAMPs, i.e., nuclear DNA (nDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), and extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Sepsis was defined according to the Sepsis-3 criteria. The study outcomes were sepsis at admission and negative outcome, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or death within 60 days. Of 83 study patients, sepsis was noted in 41 patients (49%) and a negative outcome was noted in 17 patients (20%). nDNA had areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of 0.78 for sepsis and 0.76 for negative outcome, which were higher than those of the other DAMPs and additional biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10). The nDNA and positive 16S rDNA results on day 1–2 were correlated with each other (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that high day 1–2 concentrations of both nDNA and 16S rDNA were independently associated with sepsis. In addition, high day 1–2 concentration of nDNA was independently associated with negative outcomes. While 16S rDNA dissipated from the circulation within days, nDNA concentrations remained elevated throughout the follow-up period in patients with negative outcome. In conclusion, nDNA outperformed the other DAMPs regarding sepsis detection and outcome prediction. Both nDNA (a DAMP) and 16S rDNA (a PAMP) were independently linked to sepsis; nDNA was also associated with negative outcomes and persisted elevated in such cases. This highlights nDNA as an interesting marker within sepsis pathogenesis and as a promising clinical biomarker, warranting further studies.
CMIP6 models project a shrinking precipitation area
Authors: Dobler Andreas , Benestad Rasmus E. , Lussana Cristian , Landgren Oskar
Published: October 2024

Reanalysis and satellite data indicate a decreasing precipitation area in recent decades, affecting local water resources and precipitation intensities. We have used CMIP6 simulations to test the hypothesis of a shrinking precipitation area in a warming climate. Our analyses reveal that SSP5-8.5 projections show a robust decrease in the precipitation area between 50 °S and 50 °N, and globally in 75% of the simulations. The new findings support the observed relationship, although to a lesser extent than earlier found in reanalysis and satellite data. We find a poleward shift of precipitation, increasing the daily precipitation area in the Arctic from 18% to 28%. At lower latitudes the precipitation area is reduced due to a decreasing occurrence of precipitation. These changes are related to the expansion of low relative humidity zones in the lower-to-mid troposphere, specifically at the poleward edges of the subtropics.
Food Compass 2.0 is an improved nutrient profiling system to characterize healthfulness of foods and beverages
Authors: Barrett Eden M. , Shi Peilin , Blumberg Jeffrey B. , O’Hearn Meghan , Micha Renata , Mozaffarian Dariush
Published: October 2024

Food Compass is a nutrient profiling system used to assess the healthfulness of diverse foods, beverages and meals. Here we present a revised version of Food Compass (Food Compass 2.0) incorporating new data on specific ingredients and the latest diet–health evidence. Food Compass 2.0 has been validated against health outcomes in a population from the United States and demonstrates enhanced ability to characterize foods and beverages based on their healthfulness.
Nanozyme linked multi-array gas driven sensor for real-time quantitative detection of Group A streptococcus
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Pei , Xiao Ke , Zhou Wenying , Li Jinfeng , Xi Yun
Published: October 2024

Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a pathogen typically transmitted through respiratory droplets and skin contact, causing an estimated 700 million mild non-invasive infections worldwide each year.
Construction of antithrombotic and antimicrobial ultra-thin structures on a polyethylene terephthalate implant via the surface grafting of heparin brushes
Authors: Zhang Haobo , Wang Dingxuan , Wei Lilong , Wang Weihan , Ren Zhaorong , Shah Sayyed Asim Ali , Zhang Junying , Cheng Jue , Gao Feng
Published: October 2024

Ultra-thin heparin structures of less than 80 nm were constructed and covalently connected on a PET surface, endowing the interfaces with anticoagulant and antimicrobial ability.
Thermosensitive hydrogel doped with osteoconductive fillers for the treatment of periodontitis periapicalis chronica: from synthesis to clinical trial
Authors: Dobrzyńska-Mizera Monika , Knitter Monika , Kamińska Marta , Szymanowska Daria , Sobczyk-Guzenda Anna , Różańska Sylwia , Różański Jacek , Mikulski Michał , Muzalewska Małgorzata , Wyleżoł Marek , Smuga-Kogut Małgorzata , Modrzejewska Zofia , Di Lorenzo Maria Laura
Published: October 2024

A chitosan-based hydrogel with HAp and PLDLLA was developed for bone regeneration. It showed improved mechanical properties, antimicrobial activity, and no cytotoxicity. Clinical trials confirmed its safety and bone-regenerating potential.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging unravels the pathway of glioma cell death upon hypericin-induced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Bassler Miriam C. , Hiller Jonas , Wackenhut Frank , zur Oven-Krockhaus Sven , Frech Philipp , Schmidt Felix , Kertzscher Christoph , Rammler Tim , Ritz Rainer , Braun Kai , Scheele Marcus , Meixner Alfred J. , Brecht Marc
Published: October 2024

This study uses fluorescence lifetime imaging and spatially-resolved spectroscopy to explore morphological changes in single glioma cells during hypericin-induced photodynamic therapy, offering insights into the underlying cell death mechanisms.
Inhibition of Acinetobacter nosocomialis twitching motility by quinolones produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Alatawneh Nadeem , Thangaraj Manikandan , Meijler Michael M.
Published: October 2024

Quinolones from P. aeruginosa inhibit the twitching motility of A. nosocomialis without interfering with its growth. This finding suggests an intriguing quinolone-based mechanism that enables P. aeruginosa to limit encroachment of other microbes.
Unveiling new [1+1] Schiff-base macrocycles towards high energy-barrier hexagonal bipyramidal Dy(iii) single-molecule magnets
Authors: Armenis Alexandros S. , Mondal Arpan , Giblin Sean R. , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Psycharis Vassilis , Alexandropoulos Dimitris I. , Tang Jinkui , Layfield Richard A. , Stamatatos Theocharis C.
Published: October 2024

Molecular engineering of the macrocycles’ donor atoms (LN6vsLN3O3) has led to a mononuclear DyIII complex with hexagonal bipyramidal geometry and single-molecule magnet behavior with an effective energy barrier of 1300 K.
Solution and solid-state fluorescence emission from cyanostyrene molecules with multiple nitrogen atoms
Authors: Chen Yang , Sahoo Smruti Ranjan , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Gao Lei , Zhu Zhijia , Wu Hongwei
Published: October 2024

Solution and solid-state fluorescence emission achieved through constructing D–A-type cyanopyridine ethylene molecules.
Weakened hydrogen bond connectivity promotes interfacial mass transfer for industrial level scalable biomass electrooxidation
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Chen Lan , Yin Yijun , Wei Chenyang , Xue Zhimin , Mu Tiancheng
Published: October 2024

The inhomogeneous valence distribution due to in the intrinsic electric field of a material can weaken the interfacial H-bonding connectivity under the bias potential, which promotes the mass transfer of HMF during the HMF electrooxidation reaction.
Nano-silicon enhances tomato growth and antioxidant defense under salt stress
Authors: Wang Shuaibing , Shen Xiang , Guan Xin , Sun Li , Yang Zhongxue , Wang Dandan , Chen Yinglong , Li Peiqiang , Xie Zhihong
Published: October 2024

With the rapid expansion of applications in agriculture, nanotechnology has emerged as an effective alternative for alleviating abiotic stress in plants.
A review of carbon recovery in sewage treatment and analysis of product options for a typical water recycling plant
Authors: Mohseni Arash , Fan Linhua , Gao Li , Segal Joel , Roddick Felicity
Published: October 2024

Reviewed existing and emerging technologies for carbon recovery from WWTPs, best options investigated as case study for typical conventional plant.
Porous starch microspheres loaded with luteolin exhibit hypoglycemic activities and alter gut microbial communities in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice
Authors: Ge Xiaodong , Liu Tingting , Wang Yaolin , Wen Huanhuan , Huang Zirui , Chen Ligen , Xu Jianda , Zhou Hongcheng , Wu Qin , Zhao Chao , Shao Rong , Xu Wei
Published: October 2024

PSLUT exhibit hypoglycemic activities and alter gut microbial communities in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice.
Investigation of Al Kα satellite lines through a high-efficiency multi-channel FSSR
Authors: Zhou Zexian , Cheng Rui , Du Huiyao , Yi Shengzhen , Fu Fen , Wang Guodong , Shi Lulin , Wang Zhao , Jin Xuejian , Chen Yanhong , Zhang Yanshi , Chen Liangwen , Yang Jie , Su Maogen
Published: October 2024

Spectral results of Al diagram lines and satellite lines were obtained using a self-developed high-efficiency multi-channel FSSR.
One bismuth three benefits: an overview of bismuth-based photocatalysts for energy conversion, environmental treatment and biomedical applications
Authors: Long Deng , Yu Xinglin , Li Wentao , Ma Sihan
Published: October 2024

Modification strategies of impurity ion introduction, defect engineering, heterojunctions, morphological construction, and facet-oriented engineering have been reported to promote the photocatalytic activities of bismuth-based materials.
Synthesis of pumice and medical waste incinerator fly ash based phosphate geopolymers for methylene blue dye adsorption: co-valorization, parameters and mechanism
Authors: Onyango Collins , Nyairo Wilfrida , Kwach Bowa , Shikuku Victor , Sylvain Tome , Dzoujo Tamaguelon Hermann , Rüscher Claus
Published: October 2024

Synthesis of pumice-based geopolymer composites, GP-0, GP-10, GP-20 and GP-30, substituted with fractions of 0, 10, 20 and 30% by weight of medical waste incinerator fly ash (MWI-FA), respectively and application for dye removal.
Controlling nano- and microfilament morphology by strategically placing chiral centers in the side chains of bent-core molecules
Authors: Gowda Ashwathanarayana , Acharjee Gourab , Pathak Suraj Kumar , Rohaley Grace A. R. , Shah Asmita , Lemieux Robert P. , Prévôt Marianne E. , Hegmann Torsten
Published: October 2024

Complex nano- and microfilament morphologies, some with rare morphological transitions, are demonstrated for a series of bent-core liquid crystal molecules, all controlled by the positioning and number of chiral centers in the aliphatic chains.
Construction of an advanced Co-doped V2O3 electrode material with significantly enhanced conductivity and structural stability for supercapacitors using asparagic acid-functionalized graphene quantum dots
Authors: Ruiyi Li , Chen Yang , Zaijun Li , Mingjie Gao
Published: October 2024

This study reported a promising Co-doped V2O3 electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
Nucleic acid detection with single-base specificity integrating isothermal amplification and light-up aptamer probes
Authors: Baek Jaekyun , Park Jihyun , Kim Youngeun
Published: October 2024

CLASSIC is a label-free DNA detection platform with single-nucleotide specificity and attomolar sensitivity. This assay offers rapid and sequence-specific DNA analysis through single-strand conversion and split light-up aptamer probes.
An ATP-responsive ZIF-based NIR fluorescence nanosystem for enhanced chemo-photodynamic therapy of tumors
Authors: Chen Si-Si , Xu Xiao-Fan , Deng Wei-Qun , Mao Guo-Jiang , Hu Liufang , Ouyang Juan , Li Chun-Yan
Published: October 2024

An ATP-responsive fluorescence nanosystem for chemo-photodynamic therapy is reported. The nanosystem can avoid premature drug leakage and enhance local delivery.
Annulative coupling of sulfoxonium ylides with 2-amino(thio)phenols: easy access to 2-acyl benzox(thio)azoles
Authors: Chaubey Trayambek Nath , Borpatra Paran J. , Pandey Satyendra Kumar
Published: October 2024

A novel elemental sulfur-mediated approach for the synthesis of 2-acyl benzothiazoles and benzoxazole derivatives via annulative coupling of sulfoxonium ylides with 2-aminobenzenethiol and 2-aminophenol derivatives, respectively, is described.
Visible light-induced cascade sulfonylation/annulation of ortho-allyloxy chalcones with sodium sulfinates for the synthesis of sulfonated chromane derivatives
Authors: Li Huimin , Sheng Wenli , Chen Junmin
Published: October 2024

A visible-light-induced radical cascade reaction for the synthesis of structurally diverse sulfonated chromanes is described.
A one-pot synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, benzofuran-2(3H)-ones, and indoles via a [4 + 1] annulation reaction of ortho-substituted para-quinone methides and bromonitromethane
Authors: Savekar Amol T. , Karande Vishal B. , Hingane Dattatray G. , Waghmode Suresh B.
Published: October 2024

A facile one-pot synthesis of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing benzoheterocycles has been achieved through [4 + 1] annulation of para-quinone methides, followed by an oxidation/elimination sequence.
A solvent-free neutral cobalt complex exhibiting macroscopic polarization switching induced by directional charge transfer
Authors: Zhou Zi-Qi , Wu Shu-Qi , Shui Qi-Rui , Zheng Wen-Wei , Maeda Akari , Zhang Xiao-Peng , Chu Jing , Kanegawa Shinji , Su Sheng-Qun , Sato Osamu
Published: October 2024

A solvent-free neutral cobalt complex featuring a non-centrosymmetric polar structure exhibits macroscopic polarization switching induced by charge transfer.
Potential-driven in situ formation of Se-vacancy-rich CuS@Cu2Se to steer the CO2 electroreduction path from HCOOH to C2H5OH
Authors: Xie Shuxian , Lv Chao , Kong Lichun , Li Cui , Wang Chang , Lv Xuyu , Wu Qianmin , Feng Jiuju , Wang Ai-Jun , Chen De-Li , Yang Fa
Published: October 2024

This manuscript describes the intrinsic relationship between potential-dependent HCOOH/C2H5OH selectivity and dynamically evolved copper chalcogenides under the CO2 electroreduction process.
LSPR-enhanced photocatalytic N2 fixation over Z-scheme POMOF-derived Cu/WO2 modified C-BiOBr with multiple active sites
Authors: Yang Xue , Cui Donghui , Zhang Tingting , Liu Yu , Li Fengyan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we successfully prepared a Z-scheme Cu/WO2/C-BOB heterostructure with  LSPR effect for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation reaction, which provides a new idea for the study of plasma Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.
Single-bond-linked and vinylene-bridged azulenyl bis(squaraine) dyes: design, synthesis and molecular self-assembly behaviors
Authors: Yao Yiming , Lin Hong , Cai Shali , Yang Xiaodi , Gao Xike
Published: October 2024

Near-Infrared single-bond-linked and vinylene-bridged azulenyl bis(squaraine) dyes were synthesized. Their self-assembly behaviors were investigated under different solvent polarities, compound concentrations and temperatures.
Dendron-mediated control over self-assembly of chlorophyll rosettes into columnar vs. discrete aggregates
Authors: Kudo Ryo , Hanayama Hiroki , Vedhanarayanan Balaraman , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Hara Nobuyuki , Rogers Sarah E. , Hollamby Martin J. , Manna Biplab , Harano Koji , Yagai Shiki
Published: October 2024

By controlling the π-π stacking of chlorophyll supramolecular rosettes through steric hindrance of alkyl dendrons, it become possible to create chlorophyll tubes and discrete rings that resemble to natural chlorophyll assemblies.
Efficient and accurate detection of GC-associated miR-96-5p using a competitive lateral flow method based on SERS
Authors: Jia Long , Liu Yongxia , Zhang Yanqing , Zhang Shuofeng , Cao Xiaowei , Xu Yemin , Zhao Yi , Deng Bin
Published: October 2024

To facilitate rapid, efficient, and accurate detection of miR-96-5p associated with gastric cancer (GC), we developed a bioanalytical platform by integrating surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with lateral flow assay (SERS-LFA).
Cyclodextrin metal–organic framework@SiO2 nanocomposites for poorly soluble drug loading and release
Authors: Liu Shuai , Xiong Yuzhu , Dong Fuping
Published: October 2024

The γ-CD-MOF was synthesized through a vapor diffusion process, upon which the CD-MOF@SiO2 nanocomposite was constructed to enable the stable loading and sustained release of the poorly soluble drug, folic acid.
Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and in silico studies of novel pyrrolidine derived thiosemicarbazones as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
Authors: Aftab Hina , Ullah Saeed , Khan Ajmal , al-Rashida Mariya , Islam Talha , Alshammari Abdulrahman , Albekairi Norah A. , Taslimi Parham , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Shafiq Zahid , Alghamdi Saeed
Published: October 2024

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a crucial enzyme involved in folate metabolism and serves as a prime target for anticancer and antimicrobial therapies.
Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-oxidized sodium alginate-glycerol-calcium ion biobased self-healing hydrogels with excellent spontaneous repair performance
Authors: Zhong Le , Peng Keli , Sun Yunqian , Zhou Jinxian , Xiao Naiyu , Wang Honglei , Zhang Xueqin , Cheng Zheng
Published: October 2024

A chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-oxidized sodium alginate-glycerol-calcium ion biobased self-healing hydrogel was successfully designed, exhibiting excellent spontaneous repair ability, adhesion ability, mechanical properties, and resilience.
Combined application of resveratrol and a ryegrass endophyte in PAH-contaminated soil remediation and its impact on soil microbial communities
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Lu Li , Chai Qiwei , Jin Wei , Zhu Min , Qi Shengqi , Shentu Jiali , Long Yuyang , Shen Dongsheng
Published: October 2024

Combined application of resveratrol and a ryegrass endophyte effectively promote the PAH-removal from soil.
A rhodamine-based fluorescent probe bearing 8-hydroxyquinoline group for the highly selective detection of Hg2+ and its practical application in cell imaging
Authors: Zhang Lei , Guo Jun , You Qihua
Published: October 2024

A selective OFF–ON fluorescent Hg2+ probe was developed based on a rhodamine platform. The probe exhibits a fast response, low detection limit, and a 1 : 1 binding mode. Furthermore, the probe was used for the sensing of Hg2+ in living cells.
Bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (BMOFs) for dye removal: a review
Authors: Kayani Kawan F.
Published: October 2024

The study on the synthesis and properties of bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (BMOFs) and their applications for dye removal.
A nanotrap infused ultrathin hybrid composite material for rapid and highly selective entrapment of 99TcO4−
Authors: Mandal Writakshi , Fajal Sahel , Majumder Dipanjan , Sengupta Arijit , Let Sumanta , Urkude Rajashri R. , Shirolkar Mandar M. , Torris Arun , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: October 2024

A multifunctional ultrathin hybrid nanoadsorbent demonstrated ultrafast and highly selective sequestration of toxic radioanions such as 99TcO4− by both batch and dynamic column exchange methods from simulated nuclear waste and contaminated water.
Is aromaticity loss necessary for transition-metal promoted arene–alkene cycloadditions?
Authors: Schober João V. , Laconsay Croix J. , Wu Judy I.
Published: October 2024

Diene- and ene-like reactivity in transition metal coordinated arenes can be expected when there is a notable degree of aromaticity loss at the complexed arene.
The sooting behavior of lactones as sustainable fuels
Authors: Xiang Zhanhong , Acikel Mehmet B. , Hansen Collin J. , Jeong Ga-Un , Pérez-Soto Raúl , Wang David Z. , Whoriskey Vivian C. , Kim Seonah , McEnally Charles S. , Pfefferle Lisa D. , Xuan Yuan
Published: October 2024

Quantitative sooting tendencies were measured for 10 lactones with a wide range of molecular structures. Lactones have potential as low-soot, sugar-derived alternative fuels.
Polymetallic doping of Mn-based perovskite oxides for chemical looping dry reforming of methane
Authors: Zhu Yihong , Zhang Juping , Li Dongfang , Zhu Tao , Zhu Xing
Published: October 2024

We fabricated a highly active oxygen carrier using functionally designed Mn-based perovskite oxides via Cu and Ni doping in B-sites and Ce doping in A-site for anti-coking, methane activation and the enhancement of oxygen mobility.
Effective patchiness from critical points of a coarse-grained protein model with explicit shape and charge anisotropy
Authors: Weimar Jens , Hirschmann Frank , Oettel Martin
Published: October 2024

Critical points of an anisotropic, coarse-grained protein model are used to detemine an “effective patchiness” by comparison to the Kern–Frenkel patchy model.
Co-encapsulation of organic polymers and inorganic superparamagnetic iron oxide colloidal crystals requires matched diffusion time scales
Authors: Wilson Brian K. , Prud’homme Robert K.
Published: October 2024

Composite nanoparticles co-encapsulate organic materials with inorganic primary colloids. Producing “stoichiometric NPs”, where all NPs contain organic and inorganic species at similar ratios, requires matched diffusion-aggregation time scale.
Investigation of the electrochemical performance and structural stability of O6-type lithium-rich layered oxide as a positive electrode active material for improved lithium battery performance
Authors: Saïbi Valentin , Castro Laurent , Avdeev Maxim , Sugiyama Issei , Belin Stéphanie , Delmas Claude , Guignard Marie
Published: October 2024

A cobalt-free manganese-based lithium-rich layered oxide with an unusual O6-type structure has been successfully synthesized by solid-state ion-exchange reaction from a P2-type sodium-based layered oxide precursor using LiCl at moderate temperature.
Optoelectronic stimuli-driven switchable memristors with multilevel resistance states for neuromorphic vision sensors
Authors: Selvaraj Pravinraj , Chen Meng-Lin , Adat Sreeshyam , Wang Yu-Wu
Published: October 2024

The developed optoelectronic synaptic devices with resistive switching enable efficient, fault-resistant image recognition. The PMMA/ZnO/2IF memristor array advances neuromorphic vision systems, offering high accuracy and low power consumption.
An iontronic flexible pressure sensor based on a multistage gradient micro-dome structure with a broad sensing range for wearable devices
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Yang Dong , Long Qiang , Yan Zihao , Zhang Huishan , Zhang Tianxu , He Yanbo , He Xin , Hong Weiqiang , Zhao Yunong , Guo Xiaohui
Published: October 2024

The sensing principles, performance, and applications of the iontronic sensor in posture assessment in this work.
Correction: Highly efficient and thermally stable broadband green-emitting BaY2Sc2Al2SiO12:Ce3+ phosphors enabling warm-white LEDs with high luminous efficacy and high color rendering index
Authors: Chen Xiaoyuan , Huang Xiaoyong
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Highly efficient and thermally stable broadband green-emitting BaY2Sc2Al2SiO12:Ce3+ phosphors enabling warm-white LEDs with high luminous efficacy and high color rendering index’ by Xiaoyuan Chen et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tc02906b.
Coordinating BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy in space and time
Authors: Niemi Natalie M. , Friedman Jonathan R.
Published: October 2024

Mitochondria maintain organellar homeostasis through multiple quality control pathways, including the clearance of defective or unwanted mitochondria by selective autophagy. This removal of mitochondria, mitophagy, is controlled in large part by the outer mitochondrial membrane mitophagy receptors BNIP3 and NIX. While it has long been appreciated that BNIP3 and NIX mediate mitophagy by controlling the recruitment of autophagic machinery to the mitochondrial surface, the requirement for the carefully controlled spatiotemporal regulation of receptor-mediated mitophagy has only recently come to light. Several new factors that regulate the BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy pathway have emerged, and various loss-of-function cell and animal models have revealed the dire consequences of their dysregulation. In this mini-review, we discuss new insights into the mechanisms and roles of the regulation of BNIP3 and NIX and highlight questions that have emerged from the identification of these new regulators.
Conflict Adaptation in Aphasia: Upregulating Cognitive Control for Improved Sentence Comprehension
Authors: Krason Anna , Middleton Erica L. , Ambrogi Matthew E. P. , Thothathiri Malathi
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This study investigated conflict adaptation in aphasia, specifically whether upregulating cognitive control improves sentence comprehension.

Method:

Four individuals with mild aphasia completed four eye tracking sessions with interleaved auditory Stroop and sentence-to-picture matching trials (critical and filler sentences). Auditory Stroop congruency (congruent/incongruent across a male/female voice saying “boy”/“girl”) was crossed with sentence congruency (syntactically correct sentences that are semantically plausible/implausible), resulting in four experimental conditions (congruent auditory Stroop followed by incongruent sentence [CI], incongruent auditory Stroop followed by incongruent sentence [II], congruent auditory Stroop followed by congruent sentence [CC], and incongruent auditory Stroop followed by congruent sentence [IC]). Critical sentences were always preceded by auditory Stroop trials. At the end of each session, a five-item questionnaire was administered to assess overall well-being and fatigue. We conducted individual-level mixed-effects regressions on reaction times and growth curve analyses on the proportion of eye fixations to target pictures during incongruent sentences.

Results:

One participant showed conflict adaptation indicated by faster reaction times on active sentences and more rapid growth in fixations to target pictures on passive sentences in the II condition compared to the CI condition. Incongruent auditory Stroop also modulated active-sentence processing in an additional participant, as indicated by eye movements.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to observe conflict adaptation in sentence comprehension in people with aphasia. The extent of adaptation varied across individuals. Eye tracking revealed subtler effects than overt behavioral measures. The results extend the study of conflict adaptation beyond neurotypical adults and suggest that upregulating cognitive control may be a potential treatment avenue for some individuals with aphasia.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27056149
Modeling and analysis of propagation characteristics of WBAN in hospital ward scenarios
Authors: Yang Lihua , Wei Suwan , Ma Jiawen , Xue Han , Sun Jun
Published: October 2024

To explore the feasibility of high‐frequency indoor wireless body area network (WBAN) communications, the propagation characteristics of WBAN in simulated hospital ward scenarios at 11 GHz are studied. Based on the extensive measured data, the impact of the patient's lying angle (LA) on channel characteristics has been analyzed, such as statistical characteristics of path loss (PL), shadowing effect, and root mean square delay spread. Moreover, a PL model with LA factor is presented for the hospital ward scene, and the influence of LA on PL in the presence of height difference is also analyzed. The research results indicate that, the PL caused by LA (abbreviated as PLA) follows a power function with respect to the LA in case of a fixed distance between the transmitter and receiver. When the LA is fixed, PLA exhibits a cubic function relationship with the distance between the transmitter and receiver. In addition, the presence of patient's LA can cause more significant multipath effect. However, the impact of LA gradually weakens as the height difference increases when there is a height difference. The research results provide a theoretical basis and practical basis for utilizing the 11 GHz frequency band in indoor WBAN in the future.
Deep learning informed diffusion equation model for image denoising
Authors: Li Yao , Cheng Li , Guo Zhichang , Xing Yuming
Published: October 2024

Image denoising is one of the fundamental problems in image processing. Convolutional neural network (CNN) based denoising approaches have achieved better performance than traditional methods, such as STROLLR and BM3D. However, CNNs can easily bring unexplainable artifacts to denoised images. In this article, a Deep Learning‐Informed Diffusion Equation (DLI‐DE) framework utilizing the image prior or the image gradient prior for image denoising is proposed. The image priors and gradient priors are learned from CNN models and used as coefficients in diffusion equations. The solution of DLI‐DE is infinitely smooth from the uniqueness of existence theorem, which guarantees that the denoised image is free of artifacts. Good properties of DLI‐DE also ensure high‐quality of denoising. The experimental analysis confirms that the denoising performance of DLI‐DE is comparable to that of contemporary CNN‐based denoising methods such as TNRD and DnCNN, while effectively preventing artifacts.
Contraband detection algorithm for X‐ray security inspection images based on global semantic enhancement
Authors: Pei Xiaofang , Ma Changsong , Zhou Jin , Yang Jihai , Xu Yongheng
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the problem of low detection accuracy caused by overlapping occlusion and noise disturbance, a contraband detection algorithm for X‐ray security inspection images based on global semantic enhancement is proposed to achieve accurate contraband target detection by enhancing global semantic information. First, the disturbance suppression module is used to weaken the noise disturbance at different positions by local suppression and aggregate finer detail information. Then, the parallel cascade search module is used to capture long‐range dependencies and strengthen the representation of global semantic information, which helps the model identify contraband under overlapping occlusion. Finally, the contribution of different features is adaptively adjusted through the feature‐weighted fusion module, which promotes the effective fusion of multi‐scale features and improves the accuracy of model detection. The method in this article has been extensively evaluated and experimented on three mainstream benchmark datasets: SIXray, OPIXray, and PIDray. The mAPs of three datasets reach 93.5%, 91.9%, and 85.9%, respectively. The experimental results fully demonstrate that the method in this article has better performance compared with the latest method, which can meet the practical application requirements of real‐time target detection.
An unsupervised approach for the detection of zero‐day distributed denial of service attacks in Internet of Things networks
Authors: Roopak Monika , Parkinson Simon , Tian Gui Yun , Ran Yachao , Khan Saad , Chandrasekaran Balasubramaniyan
Published: October 2024

The authors introduce an unsupervised Intrusion Detection System designed to detect zero‐day distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. This system can identify anomalies without needing prior knowledge or training on attack information. Zero‐day attacks exploit previously unknown vulnerabilities, making them hard to detect with traditional deep learning and machine learning systems that require pre‐labelled data. Labelling data is also a time‐consuming task for security experts. Therefore, unsupervised methods are necessary to detect these new threats. The authors focus on DDoS attacks, which have recently caused significant financial and service disruptions for many organisations. As IoT networks grow, these attacks become more sophisticated and harmful. The proposed approach detects zero‐day DDoS attacks by using random projection to reduce data dimensionality and an ensemble model combining K‐means, Gaussian mixture model, and one‐class SVM with a hard voting technique for classification. The method was evaluated using the CIC‐DDoS2019 dataset and achieved an accuracy of 94.55%, outperforming other state‐of‐the‐art unsupervised learning methods.
A novel satisfactory model predictive control based on current variance for high power three‐level‐NPC rectifiers
Authors: Yang Bo , Guo Zhikang , Ye Zongbin , Kong Jiayi , Tan Guojun
Published: October 2024

Here, a novel satisfactory model predictive control based on current variance (CV‐SMPC) is proposed for three level neutral point clamped (NPC) rectifiers. CV‐SMPC achieves global optimization of multiple control objectives rather than optimal control of a single control objective with the satisfaction interval. The current satisfaction interval is adjusted online based on the current variance in the CV‐SMPC. The relationship between the current total harmonic distortion (THD), switching frequency, and current variance is established through experimental investigation, enhancing the comprehensibility of control effects. In addition, three simplified sets of candidate vectors are proposed based on the voltage satisfaction interval, thereby reducing the computational burden. Furthermore, the control objectives are categorized into three levels and sequentially combined, eliminating the laborious process of adjusting the weighting factors. Finally, the experimental results conclusively demonstrate the exceptional control performance of CV‐SMPC in both steady‐state and dynamic processes.
Comprehensive design method of controller parameters for three‐phase LCL‐type grid‐connected inverter based on D‐partition
Authors: Ma Zun , Xiao Wenxun , Wang Danyang , Meng Xian , Zhu Lin
Published: October 2024

The LCL‐type inverter is a core component in grid‐connected renewable energy systems, with its performance heavily influenced by the controller. Conventional design methods of controller parameters generally rely on approximation or trial and error, making it difficult to optimize parameters for multiple performance indices. This paper proposes a comprehensive design method of controller parameters for a three‐phase LCL‐type grid‐connected inverter based on the D‐partition method, obtaining a multi‐objective parameter stability domain of controller parameters that simultaneously satisfies multiple performance indices, such as gain margin, phase margin, and current loop bandwidth. The stability domain can be visually presented, which can avoid repetitive adjustments. Additionally, the variation trend of the stability domain when there are deviations in the LCL filter parameters is analyzed. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed design method are validated through simulations and experiments, achieving precise parameter design for the controller of LCL grid‐connected inverters even in the presence of deviations in filter parameters.
Secure and efficient trust enabled routing in mobile ad hoc network using game theory and grey wolf optimisation techniques
Authors: Ravale Ujwala , Borkar Gautam M.
Published: October 2024

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are crucial wireless networks for military, corporate, and emergency use, yet they are vulnerable to disruptions from malicious nodes. The presence of malicious nodes can lead to message transmission and routing disorganisation, and network performance is effectively compromised. Game theory‐based fuzzy secure clustering (GTFSC) improves performance metrics in low‐scale and high‐scale networks. This protocol's novel ability to dynamically scale performance measures as nodes expand improves efficiency and adaptability. While improving performance metrics, the proposed algorithm also efficiently identifies malicious nodes and re‐routes the transmission, excluding the found malicious nodes. For any MANET system, secure and successful data transmission is paramount. The proposed protocol integrates various algorithms to fulfil its aim of customised EGT, GWO, and fuzzy clustering. Black hole attacks, grey hole attacks, Sybil attacks, and data tampering attacks are all considered to provide comprehensive attacks on MANET. Every node is assigned trust values, which get updated on data transmission. Fuzzy Clustering is employed to identify malicious nodes. Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) optimises network organisation by designating cluster heads and clusters as nodes. Additionally, the proposed protocol leverages the Grey Wolf Optimisation Routing Algorithm (GWO), which establishes efficient routes from the source to the sink node. The analysis result shows maximum performance with a packet delivery ratio of around 98%, throughput of 90% end‐to‐end delay reduced by 15%, and energy consumption reduced by 18%, respectively, compared to an existing protocol.
Electromagnetic signatures from accreting massive black hole binaries in time domain photometric surveys
Authors: Cocchiararo F. , Franchini A. , Lupi A. , Sesana A.
Published: October 2024

We study spectral and time variability of accreting massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) at milli-parsec separations surrounded by a geometrically thin circumbinary disc. To this end, we present the first computation of the expected spectral energy distribution (SED) and light curves (LCs) from 3D hyper-Lagrangian resolution hydrodynamic simulations of these systems. We modelled binaries with a total mass of 106 M⊙, eccentricities of e = 0,  0.9, and a mass ratio of q = 0.1,  1. The circumbinary disc has an initial aspect ratio of 0.1, features an adiabatic equation of state, and evolves under the effect of viscous heating, black-body cooling, and self gravity. To construct the SED, we considered black-body emission from each element of the disc and we added a posteriori an X-ray corona with a luminosity proportional to that of the mini-discs that form around each individual black hole. We find significant variability of the SED, especially at high energies, which translates into LCs displaying distinctive modulations of a factor of ≈2 in the optical and of ≈10 in UV and X-rays. We analysed in detail the flux variability in the optical band that will be probed by the Vera Rubin Observatory (VRO). We find clear modulations on the orbital period and half of the orbital period in all systems. Only in equal-mass binaries, we find an additional, longer-timescale modulation, associated with an over-density forming at the inner edge of the circumbinary disc (commonly referred to as a lump). When considering the VRO flux limit and nominal survey duration, we find that equal-mass, circular binaries are unlikely to be identified, due to the lack of prominent peaks in their Fourier spectra. Conversely, unequal-mass and/or eccentric binaries can be singled out up to z ≈ 0.5 (for systems with Lbol ≈ 1042 erg s−1) and z ≈ 2 (for systems with Lbol ≈ 1044 erg s−1). Identifying electromagnetic signatures of MBHBs at separations of ∼10−4 − 10−2 pc is of paramount importance to understand the physics of the gravitational wave (GW) sources of the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, and to pin down the origin of the GW background (GWB) observed in pulsar timing arrays.
Fragments of harmony amid apparent chaos: A closer look at the X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions of the galaxy RX J1301.9+2747
Authors: Giustini Margherita , Miniutti Giovanni , Arcodia Riccardo , Goodwin Adelle , Alexander Kate D. , Chakraborty Joheen , Buchner Johannes , Kosec Peter , Saxton Richard , Bonetti Matteo , Franchini Alessia , Ryu Taeho , Shu Xinwen , Kara Erin , Ponti Gabriele , Quintin Erwan , Vincentelli Federico , Webb Natalie , Kajava Jari , von Fellenberg Sebastiano D.
Published: October 2024

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are an extreme X-ray variability phenomenon associated with low-mass (MBH < 107 M⊙) supermassive black holes (SMBHs). First discovered in the nucleus of the galaxy GSN 069, they have been so far securely detected in five other galaxies, including RX J1301.9+2747. When detected, the out-of-QPE emission (quiescence) is consistent with the high-energy tail of thermal emission from an accretion disk. In this article we present the X-ray properties of RX J1301.9+2747, both in quiescence and during QPEs, and complement this information with radio observations. We analyze X-ray data taken during five XMM-Newton observations between 2000 and 2022. The last three observations were taken in coordination with radio observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. We also made use of EXOSAT, ROSAT, and Chandra archival observations taken between 1983 and 2009. XMM-Newton detected 34 QPEs of which eight have significantly lower amplitudes than the others. No correlated radio/X-ray variability was observed during QPEs. In terms of timing properties, the QPEs in RX J1301.9+2747 do not exhibit the striking regularity observed in the discovery source GSN 069. In fact there is no clear repetition pattern between QPEs: the average time separation between their peaks is about four hours, but it can be as short as one, and as long as six hours. The QPE spectral properties of RX J1301.9+2747 as a function of energy are, however, very similar to those of GSN 069 and of other QPE sources. During their evolution, X-ray QPEs follow a hysteresis pattern in the temperature-luminosity plane, with a hotter rise than decay. The quiescent emission of RX J1301.9+2747 is more complex than that of GSN 069, as it requires a soft X-ray excess-like component in addition to the thermal emission from the accretion disk. Its long-term X-ray quiescent flux variations are of a low amplitude and not strictly monotonic, with a general decay over the course of ∼22 years. We discuss our observational results in terms of some of the ideas and models that have been proposed so far for the physical origin of QPEs.
Millimetre observations of the S-type AGB star χ Cygni: Variability of the emission of the inner envelope
Authors: Hoai D. T. , Winters J. M. , Nhung P. T. , Darriulat P. , Le Bertre T.
Published: October 2024

New observations are presented of millimetre line emissions of the circumstellar envelope (CSE) of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star χ Cygni, using the recently upgraded NOEMA array. χ Cygni is an S-type Mira variable, at the border between oxygen-rich and carbon-rich stars. It has been observed for over 40 years to display features that suggest evidence for the strong role played by pulsation- associated shock waves in the generation of its wind. These new observations provide evidence of a bright H12CN(3–2) line emission confined to the very close neighbourhood of the star; however, this emission appears significantly more extended in 2024 than in 2023. The interpretation of such variability in terms of maser emission has been considered and found to raise significant unanswered questions. Moreover, other unexpected features are observed in the very close neighbourhood of the star, including low Si16O(6–5)/ Si17O(6–5), 28SiO(5–4)/29SiO(5–4), and 12CO(2–1)/13CO(2–1) line emission ratios. We discuss several features, which possibly confirm the important role played by shocks: a measurement of the SiO(5–4)/SiO(6–5) emission ratio; the observation of a recent mass ejection, particularly enhanced in the north-western red-shifted octant, which has left a depression in its wake; patterns of enhanced CO(2–1) line emission, which suggest an interpretation in terms of episodic outflows, on a time scale of a few decades, enhanced over solid angles associated with the surface of convective cells. Unravelling the mechanisms underlying such newly observed features is very challenging. Thus, a confirmation of the reported observations with improved sensitivity and angular resolution would be highly welcome. The observation of SiO maser emission in the (ν=1, J=6–5) transition is reported for the first time.
The redshift evolution of galactic bar pattern speed in TNG50
Authors: Habibi Asiyeh , Roshan Mahmood , Hosseinirad Mohammad , Khosroshahi Habib , Aguerri J. A. L. , Cuomo Virginia , Abbassi Shahram
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the redshift evolution of the galactic bar properties, like the bar length, pattern speed, and bar fraction, has been investigated for simulated galaxies at stellar masses of M* > 1010 M⊙ in the cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulation TNG50. We focus on the redshift evolution of the bar pattern speeds and the fast bar tension. We show that the median value of the pattern speed of the bars increases as the redshift grows. On the other hand, although the median value of the bar length increases with time, the ratio between the corotation radius and the bar radius - namely, the 𝓡 = RCR/Rbar parameter - increases as well. In other words, the corotation radius increases with a higher rate than the bar length. This directly means that galactic bars slow down with time, or equivalently as the redshift declines. We discuss the possible mechanisms that reduce the pattern speeds in TNG50. We demonstrate that while mergers can have a significant impact on a galaxy’s pattern speed, they do not play a crucial role in the overall evolution of mean pattern speed within the redshift range ɀ ≤ 1.0. Furthermore, we show that the 𝓡 parameter does not correlate with the gas fraction. Consequently, the existence of gas in TNG50 does not alleviate the fast bar tension. We show that the mean value of the pattern speed, computed for all the galaxies irrespective of their mass, at ɀ = 1.0 is Ωp = 70.98 ± 2.34 km s−1 kpc−1 and reduces to Ωp = 33.65 ± 1.07 km s−1 kpc−1 at ɀ = 0.0. This is a direct prediction by TNG50 that bars at ɀ = 1.0 rotate faster by a factor of ~2 compared to bars at ɀ = 0.0.
Active vibration isolation by emulating the inerter through relative acceleration feedback
Authors: Arandia-Krešić Srećko , Turalija Stipe , Alujević Neven , Vladimir Nikola
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the realisation of a small-scale inerter by relative acceleration feedback and its use to isolate vibration. Two accelerometers attached to the two mechanical terminals of an electrodynamic force actuator are used to obtain the relative acceleration signal. This signal is then amplified by a constant gain and fed back to the two electrical terminals of the electrodynamic actuator as a voltage command. This sensor-actuator system is coupled to a two Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) mechanical oscillator to study the feedback loop’s stability and the maximum achievable inertance effect. A fully coupled simulation model including the dynamics of the two inertial accelerometers and the electrodynamic actuator is developed. It is shown that, because of the active control system emulating an inerter, an antiresonance appears in the transfer admittance function of the two DOF mechanical system. Therefore, significant vibration isolation effect can be achieved in the narrow frequency band around the antiresonance. The antiresonance frequency is easily tuned by adjusting the feedback gain. The synthetized inertance is a complex frequency dependent function, which is predominantly real-valued in the frequency range between 5 and 1600 Hz. It is shown that it does not depend on the mechanical system properties, but only on the properties of the transducers used and the signal conditioning in the feedback loop. As a result, this frequency range can be adjusted according to a particular application.