bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transforming inferior short-rotation teak: unleashing superior durability and stability with lactic acid-based bio-treatments
Authors: Basri Efrida , Tobing Gabriel , Saefudin Saefudin , Kartika Titik , Adalina Yelin , Rahayu Istie Sekartining , Mubarok Mahdi , Darmawan Wayan , Gérardin Philippe
Published: September 2024

This study focused on enhancing the properties of inferior short-rotation teak (SRT) wood through impregnation with lactic acid (LA)-based treatments, aiming to improve its dimensional stability, biological durability, and thermal stability. Using a vacuum-pressure process at 12.2 bar for two hours, followed by curing at 150 oC and 180 oC, the research found that wood treated at 180°C with a 10% LA and 10% citric acid (CA) composition demonstrated superior performance. Specifically, the treated wood exhibited higher anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), reduced water uptake (WU), swelling value (Sv), and water leaching (Wlc), as well as increased resistance to white-rot fungi, subterranean termites, and improved thermal stability. The best results were achieved with a 69% ASE, 27% WU, 3% Sv, and 1% Wlc, with wood resistance classified as Class I. Microscopic analysis revealed that the impregnants effectively filled the wood pores. Chemical analysis demonstrated a decrease in hemicellulose content and an increase in α-cellulose and lignin of the modified wood. FTIR analysis further confirmed strong chemical bonds formed between the LA + CA impregnants and wood cellulose and lignin. These findings highlight the potential of LA + CA-impregnated SRT wood cured at 180 oC for high-quality interior and exterior wood applications.
Synthesis of MnO 2 @TiO 2 composite electrodes via hydrolysis and calcination for high stability zinc ions batteries
Authors: Zhu Jun , Shi Hongwei , Liu Chengcheng , Ouyang Wenzhu , Liu Yuling , Li Xiaoling
Published: September 2024

Aqueous Zn/MnO2 batteries have been extensively attracted attentions for their superior comprehensive performance. However, the poor structural stability and dissolution of MnO2 have seriously prevented its further development. Therefore, TiO2 is introduced for coating MnO2 to improve its electrochemical stability. Firstly, TiO2 used as a protective layer could hamper the direct contact between the electrode and the electrolyte, and effectively inhibiting the dissolution of manganese. Secondly, TiO2 has good mechanical strength to adapt to the volume change of MnO2 during the charge/discharge processes, which consolidates the stability of the electrode material. Finally, TiO2 could improve the electrical conductivity of the composite material, achieving lower polarization and good electron/ion transport. As a result, Zn/MnO2@TiO2-2 exhibits extraordinary electrochemical performance with a rate capacity of 245.16 mAh g− 1 at 0.2 A g− 1 and maintains a capacity of 137.09 mAh g− 1 after 1000 cycles at 1 Ag− 1. Even at a high current density of 3 A g− 1, it has a capacity of 93.35 mAh g− 1 after 1500 cycles, and the capacity retention rate is 97.47%. This work provides the inspiration and foundation method for designing high-performance Zn/MnO2 batteries.
Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Goats and Sheep from Northeastern Uganda, Karamoja Region
Authors: Muhanguzi Dennis , Nkamwesiga Joseph , Kimuda Magambo Phillip , Etiang Patrick , Mugezi Israel , Wamala Henry , Wasswa Auther Tamale , Mayanja Maureen Nanziri , Kamusiime Maureen , Ainebyoona Solomon , Abizera Harriet , Kakuru Mesearch , Amanyire Wilson , Mwiine Frank Norbert , Tweyongyere Robert
Published: September 2024

Background: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia [CCPP] is a notifiable respiratory tract disease of small ruminants caused by by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) [goats] or Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Mcop) [sheep]. CCPP is associated with high economic losses due to high morbidity, mortality and restrictions to livestock and livestock products market access. Endemic countries need to generate area-wide Mccp | Mcop seroprevalence data and use them to design CCPP control and surveillance programs, to which effort this study contributed.
Methods: We collected 2,296 sheep and goat blood samples from 38 randomly selected small ruminant village [clusters] herds. These herds were drawn from three randomly selected [out of nine] Karamoja region districts. These sera were screened for anti-Mccp | Mcop IgG antibodies using the IDEXX CCPP competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [cELISA] kits. The Mccp | Mcop seroprevalence estimates, their 95 % confidence intervals were computed and mixed-effect binomial logistic regression modelswith random intercepts for villages fit to determine which risk factors explained the computed seroconversion rates. All statistical analyses were completed in R-4.1.2 for Microsoft Windows.
Results and their significance: Over a third [42.7%; CI: 40.7-44.7] of all screened goats and sheep were seropositive for Mccp and Mcop respectively. Goats [34.0%] were 3.5 times more likely to be Mccp seropositive than sheep [8.7%]. Statistically significant [p<0.05] predictors of goat and sheep seroconversion to Mccp and Mcop included overnight stay in protected kraals, increasing age, sex in favor of females and location of some herds [some villages, sub counties, along international boarders].
Conclusion: We report a high seroprevalence of Mccp/Mcop across Amudat, Kaabong and Karenga districts of Karamoja region, indicating increased endemicity of CCPP since the sampled herds had no history of CCPP vaccination. Risk-based CCPP control programs should target predictors of seroconversion to Mccp/Mcop. For example, goats can particularly be targeted since they present a higher risk of seroconversion. Hot-spot villages along regional boarders should be priority for intervention. Overnight stay in protected kraals should only be considered if small ruminants have been vaccinated.
An improved density peaks clustering algorithm based on mutual nearest neighbor distance
Authors: Chen Yaru , Zhou Jie , He Xingshi
Published: September 2024

Density peaks clustering (DPC) algorithm determines the cluster centers by calculating the local density and relative distance, and then assigns the non-center points to the cluster where the nearest high-density point is located. In this paper, an improved density peaks clustering algorithm based on mutual nearest neighbor distance (MD-DPC) is proposed to solve the problem of uncertainty and influence of the cutoff distance and poor fault tolerance of one-step allocation strategy. Firstly, the local density is calculated by the mutual nearest neighbor distance without cutoff distance parameter to overcome the influence of cutoff distance parameter on the clustering result. Secondly, a measurement criterion is defined to consider the density of the region where the data point are located. According to this criterion, the data points are divided into core region and non-core region, and a two-step allocation strategy is proposed to overcome the problem of poor fault tolerance of the one-step allocation strategy of DPC. The allocation strategy of the data points in the core region is the same as the original DPC algorithm, and the data points in the non-core region are assigned to the cluster with the highest likelihood. Finally, in order to validate MD-DPC, we test it on synthetic and real-world datasets, and compare it with DPC, DBSCAN, k-means, KNN-DPC and DPCSA methods. Experimental results suggest that MD-DPC can effectively find clusters.
Pay-it-forward enhanced uptake of Mycoplasma pneumoniae testing among pediatric outpatients in China: a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tang Weiming , Shi Chao , Xie Yewei , Wang Yan , Ai Wei , Wu Dan , Yang Fan , Liu Shuo , Ong Jason , Tucker Joseph , Shen Yuan
Published: September 2024

Pay-it-forward intervention involve a person receiving a free test and then having the option to donate money to support testing for others. This study assessed the effectiveness of a pay-it-forward in increasing Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) testing uptake among children in Wuxi, China. We conducted a two-arm, pragmatic superiority cluster randomized controlled trial (Clinical Trial registration: ChiCTR 2300078623). Participants were children under 14 years old attending two outpatient pediatric clinics, randomized into pay-it-forward or standard-of-care arms. In the pay-it-forward arm, participants received free M. pneumoniae testing and could voluntarily contribute to future participants' testing costs. The standard-of-care arm participant needed to pay 14 USD for tests. The primary outcome was M. pneumoniae testing uptake based on administrative records. Between December 2 and December 20, 2023, 320 children were enrolled (160 per arm). M. pneumoniae testing uptake was significantly higher in the pay-it-forward arm (72.5%) than in the standard-of-care arm (34.4%) (adjusted proportion difference 39.6%, 95% confidence interval 23.6–55.7%). In the pay-it-forward arm, 9.5% of participants donated money. The intervention effect showed variation in caregivers’ education level and study sites. No adverse events were reported. The pay-it-forward intervention significantly increased M. pneumoniae testing uptake among symptomatic children, demonstrating the feasibility of innovative diagnostic incentives for respiratory pathogens.
Quantifying the Affective Dynamics of Pornography Use and Masturbation: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Henry Nathan I. N. , Pedersen Mangor , Williams Matt , Donkin Liesje
Published: September 2024

The causal relationships between pornography use, masturbation, moral incongruence, and mental health are poorly understood. While the link between problematic pornography use (PPU) and depression is well documented, the affective dynamics (i.e., emotional shifts over time) associated with pornography use and masturbation have not yet been quantified. Utilizing an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) design, we measured the affective dynamics of mental health variables collected from 22 participants before, during and after pornography use and masturbation, and examined the moderating role of moral incongruence in these relationships. Participants completed an initial survey followed by a four-week EMA, capturing data on sexual activities and mental health variables. Bayesian hierarchical mixed-effects models were employed to analyse affective dynamics. Findings suggest that pornography use and masturbation were linked to changes in affective states that spiked both before and after sexual episodes. The magnitude of these state changes was greater in participants with high moral incongruence, who experienced increases in guilt, shame, loneliness, and difficulty thinking, along with decreased hedonic mood and perception of relationship connectedness, either before or after sexual episodes. Our findings signalled the potential for intermittent spiking effects in craving prior to sexual episodes, as well as potential evidence for ‘brain fog’ following pornography use in both low and high moral incongruence participants. Further, we discovered opponent process dynamics in the mood of high moral incongruence participants, providing a possible causal mechanism that may explain how PPU can lead to depression.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Adolescent Growth: an Anthropometric Study of Nigerian School Children in Lagos
Authors: Mbagwu Smart
Published: September 2024

Background
The dearth of literature on studies investigating the influence of various factors impacting adolescent growth patterns in African populations remain a major challenge in growth research. The aim of the current study was to assess the variation in anthropometric dimensions estimated from stature and limb parameters of adolescent Nigerian school children based on socio-economic backgrounds in Lagos, using school type as an indicator.
Methods
Ethical clearance was sought and obtained, and upon full consent of the participants, anthropometric measurements of stature, arm span, thigh, percutaneous tibial, arm, forearm, hand and foot lengths were taken from 640 adolescent school children (320 males and 320 females), aged 10–17 years, selected from public and private schools in Lagos using a systematic random method. The anthropometric protocol adopted were those recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK); and the data collated was analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results
We observed statistically significant differences in the mean of measured anthropometric dimensions between age matched private and public-school boys {Stature (167.69:160.33; p = 0.000*), Thigh length (45.92:42.66; p = 0.000*), Percutaneous tibial length (37.73:34.55; p = 0.000*), Arm length (28.89:26.81; p = 0.000*), Forearm length(26.14:23.65; p = 0.000*), Hand length (18.26:17.66;p = 0.004*), Foot length(25.07:24.08; p = 0.000*), Arm span (165.73:152.27; p = 0.000*)}, and girls {Stature (166.29:161.61; p = 0.000*), Thigh length (47.98:43.95; p = 0.000*), Percutaneous tibial length (37.43:35.35; p = 0.000*), Arm length(28.76:27.35; p = 0.000*), Forearm length (25.52:24.53; p = 0.002*), Hand length (18.07:17.76;p = 0.000*), Foot length(24.21:23.89; p = 0.023*), Arm span (164.19:154.25; p = 0.000*)}, showing that school types are indicative of socio-economic status. Additionally, significant male-female differences in anthropometric dimensions were greater in public than private schools, with the females exhibiting higher values than the males in the public schools, and the males recording higher values than the females in the private schools.
Conclusion
The observed variations in anthropometric dimensions among the study population may reflect a complex interaction between growth and socio-economic status, as these factors have been found to influence adolescent growth patterns.
The Crocus panrepeatome reveals the links between whole-genome duplications, repeat bursts, and descending dysploidy
Authors: Waminal Nomar Espinosa , Blattner Frank , Harpke Doerte
Published: September 2024

Dysploidy is a crucial driver for species diversification by changing karyotypes through diploidization after a whole-genome duplication (WGD). A WGD could trigger repeat bursts but our knowledge about the evolutionary links between WGD, repeat bursts, and descending dysploidy is limited. Using Crocus as a model, we performed a panrepeatomic analysis to gain insights into the influence of WGD on repeat bursts and of repeat dynamics in descending dysploidy. We first established a phylogenetic backbone of the genus using chloroplast (cp) and 35S rDNA sequences to which we could anchor our panrepeatome data. We identified a WGD event before the initial divergence of Crocus, and nested WGD events before the divergence of some series coinciding with repeat bursts. We demonstrate repeat-linked chromosome fusions of C. longiflorus chromosomes in its dysploid relative C. vernus. This work demonstrates the links between WGD, repeat bursts, and descending dysploidy.
Physics-informed deep-learning model for mitigating spatiotemporal imbalances in FLUXNET2015 global evapotranspiration data
Authors: Wang Jiancheng , Xu Tongren , Bateni Sayed M. , Liu Shaomin , Jun Changhyun , Kim Dongkyun , Li Xiaoyan , Li Xin , Yang Xiaofan , Xu Ziwei , Zhang Gangqiang , Ming Wenting
Published: September 2024

As a key component of the water cycle, evapotranspiration (ET) plays a critical role in agricultural management and climate prediction. While numerous long-term observation sites have been established in Europe and North America (data-rich regions), fewer short-term observation sites exist in South America and, particularly, in Africa (data-poor regions). Several machine learning approaches have been developed for ET estimations. However, most existing studies in this field have used training and testing data from the same region, potentially leading to poor extrapolation in unseen areas. This paper proposes a physics-informed deep-learning model that considers external environmental variables, enabling more accurate identification of different underlying surfaces. Our results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively transfers the knowledge acquired from its training on data-rich regions to data-poor regions, thereby mitigating spatiotemporal imbalances in global in-situ ET observations. Overall, this approach can support the sustainable development of data-deficient regions or countries.
Parâmetros Hemodinâmicos Utilizados para Mobilização Precoce após Cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio: Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Guerra Jorge Luis , Vianna Jacqueline Rodrigues de Freitas
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A doença arterial coronariana é causada por depósitos gordurosos dentro das artérias. Esses depósitos são formados por colesterol, cálcio e outras substâncias no sangue. Este acúmulo é denominado “placa aterosclerótica” ou simplesmente “placa”. No entanto estas placas podem obstruir as artérias coronárias e deixá-las rígidas e irregulares. Isso é denominado “endurecimento das artérias”, sendo necessária intervenção cirúrgica. A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio é um procedimento em que o cirurgião utiliza um segmento de artéria ou veia para desviar sangue da aorta para as artérias coronárias. Após o processo cirúrgico é necessário todo um processo de reabilitação musculoesquelético e cardiopulmonar, onde a mobilização precoce (MP) ajuda a evitar complicações e reduz o tempo de hospitalização. Desenvolvimento: É um estudo de revisão bibliográfica e descritiva, embasada em sites de busca cientifica: Scielo, Pedro e Pubmed, sendo com artigos publicados entre os anos 2000 a 2018, indexados na língua portuguesa e inglesa. E seus descritores utilizados para a pesquisa foram selecionados de acordo com as listas DeCS e MeSH. Os descritores utilizados para a pesquisa foram selecionados de acordo com as listas DeCS e MeSH. Conclusão: O presente estudo sugere respeitar os valores hemodinâmicos, já que favorece durante a mobilização precoce e evolução clínica de pacientes pós-cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, sem produzir efeitos adversos nestes pacientes.
Production of Autotetraploids in Augmelon (Akebia trifoliata) via Colchicine Induction
Authors: Zhang Yongle , Fu Peng , Li Jie , Yang Huai , Yi Xioxiao , Yang Zujun , Chen Chen , Tan Feiquan , Shen Jinliang , Luo Peigao
Published: September 2024

Akebia trifoliata, as a new fruit, is becoming competitive and popular in the markets of eastern Asian countries, especially China, because of its nutritional value and health-promoting functions. To ultimately develop seedless varieties, germinating seeds of the A. trifoliata monoembryonic line ‘710’ with ∼1.5-cm-long roots were treated with five different concentrations of colchicine (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%) for four soaking periods (12, 24, 36, and 48 hours). Ploidy level assessments via both flow cytometry and karyotype analysis revealed some autotetraploids and chimeras in surviving seedlings treated with both 0.4% and 0.5% colchicine for 48 h, but the highest autotetraploid (33.3%) and chimera (19.0%) rates were observed in surviving seedlings treated with 0.3% colchicine for a 12-hour soaking period; no autotetraploids or chimeras were detected in plants treated with only water. In addition, we also found that autotetraploid plants usually presented broader and thicker leaves with larger stomas and epidermic cortical cells. Notably, no autotetraploid of A. trifoliata has been reported previously; therefore, both autotetraploids and chimeras are valuable breeding parents for autotriploid seedless varieties and ideal materials for further theoretical studies.
SAĞLIĞIN SOSYAL BELİRLEYİCİLERİNİN MOORA YÖNTEMİ İLE ANALİZİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Şahman Osman , Gün İbrahim
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri açısından OECD ülkeleri arasında bir değerlendirme ve sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri değişkenlerine göre sıralama yapmaktır. Bu doğrultuda OECD veri tabanından literatürde kullanılan sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri değişkenlerine dair veriler alınarak, eksik verisi olmayan toplam 31 OECD ülkesi çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri değişkenleri yayımlanan son yıl verileri dikkate alınarak en güncel üzerinden veri ile çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan değişkenler; barınma maliyeti, istihdam oranı, sosyal destek ağlarının kalitesi, eğitime katılım oranı, hava kirliliği, su kalitesi, akşam yalnız yürürken kendini güvende hissetme, Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla, Obezite ve aşırı kilo, tütün kullanımı ve alkol kullanımı olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden birisi olan MOORA yöntemi ile analiz edilmiş ve ülkelerin değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri açısından en yüksek puanı alan 5 ülke sırası ile Norveç, İsveç, İrlanda, İsviçre ve Finlandiya olarak tespit edilirken; Türkiye, Şili, Yunanistan, Slovak Cumhuriyeti ve Polonya sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri açısından diğer ülkelere kıyasla en düşük puana sahip olan ülkeler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu ülkelerin, multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla, sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri konusuna eğilmelerinin sağlık eşitsizliklerini ortadan kaldıracağı ve sağlık çıktılarına olumlu katkılar yapacağı düşünülmektedir.
KAYIT DIŞI İSTİHDAMLA MÜCADELE: SOSYAL GÜVENLİK DENETMENLERİNİN BAKIŞ AÇISI ÜZERİNDEN BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Çelik Tuna
Published: September 2024

Kayıt dışı istihdam, Türk kamu yönetiminin önemli sorunlarının başında gelmektedir. Kayıt dışı istihdam edilen kişiler, aktif olarak çalışma hayatında olmalarına rağmen herhangi uzun veya kısa vadeli sigorta kollarından birine tabiiyeti olmadan çalışmalarını sürdürürler. Kayıt dışı çalışan işçinin temel motivasyonu, ücretine ek gelir sağlamaktır. İşveren ise kayıt dışı istihdam ile işçilik maliyetlerini düşürmekte ve karını arttırmaktadır. Piyasa aksaklıklarına sebep olması, iş barışının sağlanamaması, toplumsal hayatı olumsuz etkilemesi, ekonomik dengenin bozulması ve haksız rekabete yol açması; kayıt dışı istihdamın hızlıca akla gelen olumsuz sonuçlarından bazılarıdır.
Yazarın yüksek lisans tezinden türetilen bu çalışmanın amacı; kayıt dışı istihdam ile mücadele hakkında sosyal güvenlik denetmenelerinin bakış açısını ortaya koymak, denetim faaliyetlerinin etkinliğini arttırmak için farklı politika seçenekleri sunmak, sosyal güvenlik denetmenlerinin yaşamış olduğu mesleki problemleri dile getirmek ve ilgili problemlerin çözülmesi için öneriler geliştirmektir. Çalışma kapsamında, örneklem usulü ile seçilen 20 (yirmi) sosyal güvenlik denetmeni ile görüşülmüştür. Görüşmeler, açık uçlu sorular üzerinden mülakat yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Çalışmada, Türkiye’de kayıt dışı istihdamın başlıca nedenleri; işsizlik, vergi yükleri, ağır prim oranları, konu ile ilgili eğitim düzeyinin yetersizliği, ekonomik problemler, göç, yabancı ve çocuk işçi problemleri, sosyal güvenlik sistemindeki aksaklıklar, kurumlar arası koordinasyon problemleri, aflar ve kayıt dışılık denetimlerinin yetersizliği olarak belirlenmiştir. Meslek mensupları, kayıt dışı istihdam ile mücadelede; bilinçlendirme faaliyetleri kapsamında kamu spotları ve reklamların yapılması ile prim ve vergi oranlarında indirime gidilmesini önermişlerdir. Ayrıca sigorta primi teşviklerininin, kayıt dışı istihdam denetimlerinin ve personel sayısının arttırılması gerektiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Kayıt dışı istihdam ile daha etkin mücadele için denetim mekanizmasının daha adil bir alt yapıya oturtulması, personele meslek içi eğitimlerin verilmesi, kurumlar arası koordinasyonun geliştirilmesi ve idari para cezalarının tekrar düzenlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda; araştırma sonucu tespit edilen hususlar, belirli bir sistematik ile yorumlanmış ve kayıt dışı istihdam ile mücadelede yeni politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
Peptide Biomarkers - An Emerging Diagnostic Tool and Current Applicable Assay
Authors: Wu Jing , Yang Rui
Published: September 2024

In the past few decades, impressive progress achieved in technology development and
improvement has accelerated the application of peptides as diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases.
We outline the advantages of peptides as good diagnostic targets, since they serve as molecular
surrogates of enzyme activities, much more specific biomarkers than proteins, and also play
vital roles in many biological processes. On the basis of an extensive literature survey, peptide
markers with high specificity and sensitivity that are currently applied in clinical tests, as well as
recently identified, are summarized for the following four major categories of diseases: neurodegenerative
disease, heart failure, infectious disease, and cancer. In addition, we summarize a few
prevalent techniques used in peptide biomarker discovery and analysis, such as immunoassays,
nanopore-based and nanoparticle-based peptide detection, and also MS-based peptide analysis
techniques, and their pros and cons. Currently, there are plenty of analytical technologies available
to achieve fast, sensitive and reliable peptide analyses, benefiting from the developments of
hardware and instrumentation, as well as data analysis software and databases. Thus, with peptides
emerging as sensitive, specific and reliable biomarkers for early detection of diseases, therapeutic
monitoring, clinical treatment decisions and disease prognosis, the medical need for peptide
biomarkers will increase strongly in the future.
Genomic Analysis of the Caleosin Family in Theaceae Reveals Lineagespecific Evolutionary Patterns
Authors: Zhang Zaibao , Xiong Tao , Fan Tianyu
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Caleosins are recognized as the key proteins found in Lipid Droplets (LDs) and are crucial for the creation, maintenance, and breakdown of LDs. Nevertheless, our understanding of caleosins remains limited within Theaceae, a prominent botanical family encompassing
economically significant tea and oil tea species.

Methods:

In this research, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide exploration and examination of the caleosin family in Theaceae species with sequenced genomes. The gene number of caleosin was similar among Theaceae species. Segmental duplication was the main form of caleosin
expansion in Shuchazao (SCZ), Huangdan (HD), Biyun (BY), Tieguanyin (TGY), Longjing (LJ),
C. lanceoleosa (Cla) and C. chekiangoleosa (CCH). Synteny analysis revealed one-to-more and
more-to-one collinear relationships of caleosin genes among Theaceae species.

Results:

Caleosins in Theaceae are categorized into either the H-family or the L-family, each exhibiting distinct motif structures and physicochemical properties. Expression analysis revealed an
apparent flower-predominant expression pattern of caleosin genes in Theaceae species. In addition, most paralogous pairs displayed expression divergence.

Conclusion:

This research enhanced our understanding of the lineage-specific evolution of caleosin genes in Theaceae, and is valuable for future functional analysis of this gene family in tea
and oil-tea species.
Strategies in Taxol Development: A Review
Authors: Zwawiak Justyna , Zaprutko Lucjusz , Pawelczyk Anna
Published: September 2024

:

Taxol is a compound with a rigid, tetracyclic structure of diterpene, which is characterized
by significant antitumor properties. Firstly, Taxol has been isolated by extraction from the bark
of the yew tree. However, the low level of availability obligated the researchers' world to uncover
alternative techniques of Taxol obtainment. In the last few years, many synthetic and semi-synthetic
methodologies have been elaborated. Nowadays, many novel biotechnological approaches using cell
suspension cultures and biotransformation are initiated and expanded. These processes are very beneficial.
The reason is that both the final product and the yield of the process have high levels. Such
approaches are very distinctive and they help achieve significant quantities of natural compounds,
which often exist in small amounts in plants. Moreover, a very important aspect of Taxol development
is nanotechnology. The use of this method has many benefits - the retention time is protracted
and the concentration of a drug in tumor tissue is raised. This is due to the specific targeting of nanomolecules.
What is essential for patients is that systemic side effects are reduced and the healthy
biological systems and tissues do not damage. Also, the paper presents new directions with the application
of Artificial Intelligence methods.

:

Every year, new concepts are created for obtaining Taxol and developing methods to significantly
increase its bioavailability.
Visual and Spectrophotometric Detection of Iodide Ion by Pyridine based Silver Nanoprobe and DFT Analysis
Authors: Naseer Ayesha , Awan Asia Naz , Hameed Abdul
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

A novel chemosensor has been developed utilizing a newly synthesized
pyridine-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone silver nanoprobe (PT-AgNP) for detecting
and quantifying iodide ions in aqueous media, both visually and spectrophotometrically using
a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

Methods:

Notably, this sensor demonstrates remarkable selectivity for I- ions, effectively distinguishing
them from other common anions such as AcO-, Br-, Cl-, CN-, and F-. The PTAgNP
solution undergoes a rapid color change from yellow to black, providing a clear visual
indication of the presence of iodide ions. This color transition is directly proportional to the
concentration of iodide ions, as indicated by the reduction in the intensity of the surface plasmon
resonance band due to nanoparticle aggregation. A linear correlation is observed between
the change in intensity and the concentration of iodide ions within the range of 10 to 50 nM,
with a detection limit of 8.8 nM. The stability of the PT-AgNP complex is evaluated through
experimental methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, and powder X-ray
diffraction (PXRD), complemented by theoretical calculations using density functional theory
(DFT) with Gaussian 09W software.

Results:

Theoretical investigations reveal that the silver ion (Ag+) and the imine bond of pyridine
carboxaldehyde act as potential nucleophilic targets, consistent with the observed morphological
color change from yellow to black upon PT-AgNP complexation with iodide ions.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, DFT calculations indicate a higher HOMO-LUMO energy gap in
the pyridine molecule compared to the PT-AgNP complex, suggesting its enhanced sensitivity
and reactivity towards iodide ions.
Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants and the Impact of Isolated Bioactive Compounds against Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sharma Vanshika , Kalita Ranjan Dutta
Published: September 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is amongst those microorganisms that have the potential to cause broad-spectrum infections. The bacteria can be both hospital and community-acquired due to the resistance mechanism developed against the available antibiotics. As the bacteria is resistant to almost all β-lactam antibiotic families, its treatment is becoming increasingly difficult. Therefore, new strategies should be implemented to control the pathogen which is fast transforming as a multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganism. Medicinal plants serve as an alternative candidate to antibiotics due to their efficacy and have attracted many researchers in the last decade. Several studies are being carried out worldwide to treat this pathogenic bacterium with the active ingredients present in various plant species. This review paper aims to depict the antibacterial activity of different medicinal plants and the impact of the isolated bioactive compounds against the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogen-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to introspect the mechanism of action of the natural prod-ucts in interrupting the resistance mechanism of MRSA thereby killing the bacteria
Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn: Phytochemical Impact on the Mechanism of Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Pathways
Authors: Ekka Renuka , Ahirwar Bharti
Published: September 2024

The Hibiscus sabdariffa plant is an herbaceous member of the Malvaceae family. It is a
widely recognized herb with medicinal properties. It is utilized extensively in many traditional
medical practices along with delicious food items, like jams, puddings, and cakes. The purpose of
this review was to investigate and compile all of the available data and evidence about the calyxes
of Hibiscus sabdariffa with a particular focus on their nutritional composition, bioactive components,
and therapeutic benefits. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the plant's traditional
usage, pharmacognostic characterization, nutritional and phytochemical composition, and
pharmacological properties. This paper elucidates the mechanisms by which Hibiscus sabdariffa
exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in managing neurological disorders. Additionally,
Hibiscus sabdariffa has been shown to prevent memory impairment, which may be attributed
to its effects on neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis. Hibiscus sabdariffa has been reported
to have anti-inflammatory effects due to the presence of polyphenol compounds that possess anti-
inflammatory properties. Flavonoids are also commonly found in it, which inhibit the transcription
factor nuclear factor kappa B. This plant has a variety of health benefits, including antioxidant,
antidepressant, diuretic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory,
anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities. Based on the literature, this review
provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacological and phytochemical characteristics of Hibiscus
sabdariffa.
Silver-Palm Kernel Expeller Ash Formation by Combustion Technique and its Congo-red Removal Activity
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu, Jalan W.R,  Supratman, Kandang Limun, Kota Bengkulu, 38122 Indonesia, Yudha S Salprima , Nesbah Nesbah ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu, Jalan W.R,  Supratman, Kandang Limun, Kota Bengkulu, 38122 Indonesia, Mardlia Zulfikri Achid ,   Agro Mega Perkasa Limited, Pulau Bai, Kota Bengkulu, Indonesia, Ramadhani Annisa ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu, Jalan W.R,  Supratman, Kandang Limun, Kota Bengkulu, 38122 Indonesia, Reagen Muhamad Alvin ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu, Jalan W.R,  Supratman, Kandang Limun, Kota Bengkulu, 38122 Indonesia
Published: September 2024

This study aims to synthesize silver-palm kernel expeller ash (PKE) composites using in-situ combustion at 600 °C. Compared to previous methods, the novel in-situ combustion was developed to easily obtain composites in the laboratory using simple procedures. The products obtained were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed that the composites contained silver metal peaks and some peaks of a mixture of compounds predicted to be calcium phosphate, calcium hypophosphate, and other undetermined metal oxides. In addition, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed the presence of several important minerals derived from PKE combustion. Composites obtained in this study showed better activity as catalysts in the removal of congo-red under sunlight irradiation compared to only PKE ash. Based on these results, the by-products of palm oil processing had the potential to be used for advanced materials preparation.
Alternative Techniques for Animal Fat Authentication Based on Microscopic Crystal Pattern and Fatty Acid Composition Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia, Candra Dewi Diana , Mahdi Chanif ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia, Sulistyarti Hermin ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia, Aulanni`am Aulanni`am ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Published: September 2024

Fat authentication is strongly required for the reason of religious food ethics, human health, and preferences. This research reported two simple techniques approach for recognizing fat based on the character of microscopic and physicochemical properties of fat extractedusing different polarity solvents. The formation of microcrystals as well as fatty acid composition were investigated by involving variables of four different types of animal fat and three different solvents. Theisolate fats were directly crystallized under incubation at room temperature and observedusing an optical microscope while fatty acid composition was determined by hydrolyzing and trans-esterifying fat samples before analysis using GC-MS. The microscopic structures of the obtained crystals areneedle-basedwitharadial orientation in spherulitic pattern which characteristic to each type of fat. The lard fat crystal was authentically distinguished from its shape of a partially radial fan, whilst the shape of fat crystals from beef, goat, and lamb are needle-shaped with a full radialorientation. Fatty acids obtained from all types of fats and types of solvents show similar types but different abundances, the main saturated fatty acids are palmitate, stearate myristic and the main unsaturated fatty acids are oleic, palmitoleic, and linoleic. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis exhibited that lard composed higher ΣUSFA compared to ΣSFA but other fats (tallow, goat, and lamb) showed converse behavior.
ANALISIS BAHAN AJAR SASTRA DALAM BUKU TEKS BAHASA INDONESIA SMP/MTs KELAS VII
Authors: Suparti Suparti , Suryaman Maman
Published: September 2024

(Title: An Analysis of Literary Materials in Indonesian Textbook to Junior Hig School/MTs VII). This study attempted to describe (1) knowledge aspects of literary teaching materials; (2) skill aspects of literary teaching materials; and (3) attitude aspects of literary teaching materials in Indonesian textbook for Junior Hig School/MTs VII grades by using education character approach. This research used qualitative descriptive approachment type of document analysis. The source of the research data was based on  the Indonesian textbook of SMP/MTs VII. The technique to collect the data was done by reading and recording technique by using instrument which had been validated in the form of document analysis guide. The research data were analyzed using Miles and Hubermen model which included data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study indicated that the knowledge, skills, and attitude aspect of literary materials had fulfilled in the Indonesian textbook for SMP/MTs VII with details (1) based on knowledge aspect of literary materials, the conceptual knowledge was more dominated than factual and procedural knowledge, (2) based on skills aspects of literary materials, the reading skills most often taught than listening, speaking, and writing skills; and (3) based on attitude aspects literary materials, the social attitudes is more dominated than spiritual attitudes.Keywords: literary materials, textbooks, character education.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF GENDER DIFFERENCES ON THE VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES
Authors: Riandi Riandi
Published: September 2024

(Title: The Contribution of Gender Differences on The Vocabulary Learning Strategies). The present research study describes the contribution of gender differences on the vocabulary learning strategies. The purposes of this research are to reveal whether male and female learners use the vocabulary learning strategies at the same rate as well as to compare the differences in vocabulary learning strategies used by both male and female learners. A questionnaire was used to obtain the data. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analysed quantitatively. There were 20 respondents participated in this research study. They were the students of MTs Negeri 6 Gunungkidul. The results show that there are generally insignificant differences in terms of vocabulary learning strategies used by male and female students. Female students are at the higher use of determination strategies and males are higher at social strategies.Keywords: vocabulary learning strategies, gender differences, L2 learners
BAHASA, NEGARA, DAN KEKUASAAN: STRUKTUR-KULTUR POLITIK KEBIJAKAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Pratama Rony K.
Published: September 2024

(Title: Languages, State, and Power: Political Structures of Indonesian Policy). Language as a discipline has been established by the political preconditions and the re-sult is negotiating the power of the state. Its development is not entirely neutral because the tendency of language as a tool of power has a strong gap to be constructed in such a way. This epistemological reality then strengthens the reciprocal dictum between langua¬ge and power that can be hegemonically practiced as long as the state applies a system of rules in a systemic manner. This paper tries to investigate Indonesian language as a practice of state power, both projected historically, politically, and economically. All of them are covered by cultural narratives that are reinforced through structural patterns to culture.Keywords: language, country, power, policy, Indonesian language
Comparative Analysis of the Relationship between Renewable Energy Adoption, Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption, and CO2 Emission in the United States and China
Authors: Efe-Onakpojeruo Christiana Chioma , Seraj Mehdi , Ozdeser Huseyin
Published: September 2024

This study addresses the critical issue of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, focusing on understanding the intricate interplay between four major variables Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPC), Renewal Energy (RE), Fossil Fuel energy consumption (FF), and Patent application (PTS). This research is crucial due to the emerging negative impacts of climate change, which will create a disastrous future for human beings. It focuses on three decades from 1990 to 2020 and compares the results between the United States and China. Underlying long-run relationships and unit root characteristics of the variables are analyzed with the help of unit root tests, cointegration analysis, descriptive statistics, and an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The analysis shows that the examined variables are strongly related and significantly impact CO2 emission. For example, GDPC and PTS have a positive relationship with CO2 emissions, Whereas wider use of RE has a negative effect on emissions. The findings, therefore, emphasize the need for country-specific emission reduction policies because of the differences between the Chinese and the American systems. In conclusion, this study detects that the interaction between economic growth and technology and energy utilization are major influential factors that need to be incorporated in developing efficient policies to minimize the emission of CO2. It is helpful for policymakers and those interested in environmental conservation as it stresses that combating climate change requires differentiated approaches in distinct countries. This research moves beyond extant literature by adopting a novel comparative methodology to analyze the shifts in the process of CO2 emission in two of the world’s largest economies. Hence, it captures the interaction of GDPC, RE adoption, FF consumption, and PTS on CO2 emissions, which is crucial for formulating environmental policies and future emission control strategies.
Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction of Internet Hospitals in China: Cross-Sectional Evaluation With the Service Quality Questionnaire
Authors: Han Tao , Wei Qinpeng , Wang Ruike , Cai Yijin , Zhu Hongyi , Chen Jiani , Zhang Zhiruo , Li Sisi
Published: September 2024

Background

Internet hospitals, which refer to service platforms that integrate consultation, prescription, payment, and drug delivery based on hospital entities, have been developing at a rapid pace in China since 2014. However, assessments regarding their service quality and patient satisfaction have not been well developed. There is an urgent need to comprehensively evaluate and improve the service quality of internet hospitals.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the current status of patients’ use of internet hospitals, as well as familiarity and willingness to use internet hospitals, to evaluate patients’ expected and perceived service qualities of internet hospitals using the Chinese version of the Service Quality Questionnaire (SERVQUAL-C) with a national representative sample, and to explore the association between service quality of internet hospitals and patients’ overall satisfaction toward associated medical platforms.

Methods

This cross-sectional survey was conducted through face-to-face or digital interviews from June to September 2022. A total of 1481 outpatient participants (635 men and 846 women; mean age 33.22, SD 13.22). Participants reported their use of internet hospitals, and then rated their expectations and perceptions of service quality toward internet hospitals via the SERVQUAL-C, along with their demographic information.

Results

Among the surveyed participants, 51.2% (n=758) of participants had used internet hospital service or services. Use varied across age, education level, and annual income. Although the majority of them (n=826, 55.8%) did not know internet hospital services well, 68.1% (n=1009) of participants expressed the willingness to adopt this service. Service quality evaluation revealed that the perceived service quality did not match with the expectation, especially the responsiveness dimension. Important-performance analysis results further alerted that reliable diagnosis, prompt response, clear feedback pathway, and active feedback handling were typically the services awaiting substantial improvement. More importantly, multiple linear regressions revealed that familiarity and willingness to use internet hospital services were significant predictors of satisfaction, above and over tangibles, reliability, and empathy service perspectives, and demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education level, and annual income.

Conclusions

In the future, internet hospitals should focus more on how to narrow the gaps between the expected and perceived service quality. Promotion of internet hospitals should also be facilitated to increase patients’ familiarity with and willingness to use these services.