bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Cassava Flour Inclusion in Bread, a Case Study of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: A. Erih E. , A. Oni O. , E. Fashogbon A.
Published: April 2015

The study was conducted to address the issue of consumers’ willingness to pay for inclusion of cassava flour in bread in Lagos State. The data were collected randomly from a sample of 300 respondents in the state through the use of a well structured questionnaire. The contingent valuation method was adopted to estimate both the mean willingness to pay of consumers and the factors that affect their willingness to pay and these were analyzed using the bivariate probit model. The most significant model was the 10percent cassava flour inclusion as it has the highest number of significant variables (eight) followed by 20percent cassava flour inclusion with seven significant variables and 30 and 40percent cassava flour inclusion with six significant variables each. The factors that influenced consumers’ willingness to pay for CCW bread were the respondent’s age, gender, respondents’ awareness, married respondents, respondents with head position,and bread share which is the proportion of respondents income spent on bread to total income. The mean willingness to pay for bread with an inclusion of cassava flour at 10, 20, 30, and 40percent cassava flour inclusion were ?172.70, ?165.00, ?154.07, and ?142.78 respectively for initial bid while the mean willingness-to-pay at 10, 20, 30, and 40percent cassava flour inclusion were ?180.20, ?150.41, ?143.35, and ?127.36 respectively for subsequent bid. Arising from the result of this study, birth control policies were recommended among respondents in the study area.
Beperkingen aan en dilemma’s van de slachtoffergerichte aanpak van mensenhandel; een blik op arbeidsuitbuiting.
Authors: Cleiren Tineke , van der Leun Joanne , Van Meeteren Masja
Published: April 2015

Limitations and dilemmas of a victim-oriented approach to human trafficking for labour exploitation

In their article on the victim orientation in the combat against human trafficking – in particular labour exploitation – Cleiren, Van der Leun and Van Meeteren highlight the limitations of the protection of victims in practice. Based on a brief legal analysis and a secondary reading of the empirical literature, they conclude that the rights of victims remain subordinate to the main aims of the relevant legal domains: criminal law and immigration law. In addition, the practices-based analysis shows a mismatch between a victim-oriented approach and preferences and perceptions of many migrants involved as well as existing tensions between different legal domains.
Les territoires de la coopération : le cas de la Coopérative de développement régional Outaouais-Laurentides
Authors: Chiasson Guy , Léon Sara , Lalonde Claudine , Duguay Patrick
Published: April 2015

Bon nombre de travaux de recherche contemporains font une place centrale au « territoire » dans leur explication du développement régional. Selon ces travaux, le territoire serait un espace de collaboration où les entreprises privées peuvent trouver des ressources stratégiques essentielles à leur dynamisme. Cependant, cette perspective n’envisage pas la contribution d’entreprises collectives comme les entreprises d’économie sociale et les coopératives, de sorte que l’on connaît mal le rapport de ces dernières avec le territoire. C’est sur ce rapport que nous voulons réfléchir, par l’entremise d’une étude sur la Coopérative de développement régional Outaouais-Laurentides (CDROL) et tout particulièrement sur la mise sur pied de la Laiterie de l’Outaouais, dans laquelle la CDROL a été fortement impliquée. Notre analyse de ce cas suggère la capacité des coopératives de développement régional (CDR) à mobiliser deux types de ressources territoriales. Si, à l’instar des entreprises privées, les CDR peuvent mobiliser des « ressources stratégiques » issues de la collaboration entre les acteurs clés du territoire, elles peuvent également mobiliser des ressources « citoyennes », ignorées par les travaux sur les entreprises privées.
La reddition de compte : le maillon faible du développement local? Regards sur les centres locaux de développement
Authors: Simard Jean-François , Leclerc Yvon
Published: April 2015

La création des centres locaux de développement (CLD) remonte à la seconde moitié des années 1990. Elle marque une étape singulière dans l’histoire de la décentralisation au Québec. Cette structure tout aussi inédite qu’innovante est calquée sur le territoire des municipalités régionales de comté (MRC). Elle s’est principalement vu confier la responsabilité de soutenir la création de l’emploi à l’échelle locale et supramunicipale, dans une période marquée par un taux élevé de chômage. Chaque CLD est doté d’un conseil d’administration autonome, majoritairement composé d’élus locaux. Ces organismes à but non lucratif sont financés à parts égales par l’État québécois et les municipalités. Du reste, l’idée de décentralisation est généralement associée à une plus grande transparence administrative et à un dialogue plus étroit des organisations (quasi) publiques avec la société civile. Or, une enquête menée auprès de plusieurs CLD démontre paradoxalement que ce processus de décentralisation administrative se fait en l’absence d’une reddition de compte adéquate portant sur la qualité des services offerts par les CLD à leurs collectivités respectives. En ce sens, la décentralisation administrative n’est pas forcément un gage de démocratisation du développement. Toutefois, l’introduction récente de dispositions administratives par le ministère de tutelle, de concert avec la ville ou la MRC ainsi qu’en accord avec le guide des bonnes pratiques, a permis une amélioration sensible de la reddition de compte dans les CLD.
Natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana defense metabolism genes modulates field fitness
Authors: Kerwin Rachel , Feusier Julie , Corwin Jason , Rubin Matthew , Lin Catherine , Muok Alise , Larson Brandon , Li Baohua , Joseph Bindu , Francisco Marta , Copeland Daniel , Weinig Cynthia , Kliebenstein Daniel J
Published: April 2015

Natural populations persist in complex environments, where biotic stressors, such as pathogen and insect communities, fluctuate temporally and spatially. These shifting biotic pressures generate heterogeneous selective forces that can maintain standing natural variation within a species. To directly test if genes containing causal variation for the Arabidopsis thaliana defensive compounds, glucosinolates (GSL) control field fitness and are therefore subject to natural selection, we conducted a multi-year field trial using lines that vary in only specific causal genes. Interestingly, we found that variation in these naturally polymorphic GSL genes affected fitness in each of our environments but the pattern fluctuated such that highly fit genotypes in one trial displayed lower fitness in another and that no GSL genotype or genotypes consistently out-performed the others. This was true both across locations and within the same location across years. These results indicate that environmental heterogeneity may contribute to the maintenance of GSL variation observed within Arabidopsis thaliana.
Assessing long‐term postseismic deformation following the M7.2 4 April 2010, El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake with implications for lithospheric rheology in the Salton Trough
Authors: Spinler Joshua C. , Bennett Richard A. , Walls Chris , Lawrence Shawn , González García J. Javier
Published: April 2015

The 4 April 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah (EMC) earthquake provides the best opportunity to date to study the lithospheric response to a large (>M6) magnitude earthquake in the Salton Trough region through analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) data. In conjunction with the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO), we installed six new continuous GPS stations in the months following the EMC earthquake to increase station coverage in the epicentral region of northern Baja California, Mexico. We modeled the pre‐EMC deformation field using available campaign and continuous GPS data for southern California and northern Baja California and inferred a pre‐EMC secular rate at each new station location. Through direct comparison of the pre‐ and post‐EMC secular rates, we calculate long‐term changes associated with viscoelastic relaxation in the Salton Trough region. We fit these velocity changes using numerical models employing an elastic upper crustal layer underlain by a viscoelastic lower crustal layer and a mantle half‐space. Forward models that produce the smallest weighted sum of squared residuals have an upper mantle viscosity in the range 4–6 × 1018 Pa s and a less well‐resolved lower crustal viscosity in the range 2 × 1019 to 1 × 1022 Pa s. A high‐viscosity lower crust, despite high heat flow in the Salton Trough region, is inconsistent with felsic composition and might suggest accretion of mafic lower crust associated with crustal spreading obscured by thick sedimentary cover.
Interseismic megathrust coupling beneath the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, from the joint inversion of InSAR and GPS data
Authors: Xue Lian , Schwartz Susan , Liu Zhen , Feng Lujia
Published: April 2015

The Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, was struck by a long‐anticipated and gap‐filling Mw 7.6 earthquake in 2012. To study interseismic strain accumulation on the megathrust beneath the Nicoya Peninsula, we present an improved interseismic coupling model by integrating interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and GPS data. Our model reveals three strongly coupled patches. The first strongly coupled patch locates beneath the Nicoya Peninsula and ruptured during the 2012 earthquake. The second strongly coupled patch locates offshore the central Nicoya Peninsula and remained largely unbroken. However, this region is close to and possibly intermingled with shallow slow slip and tremor, suggesting that accumulated strain in this region may be released both seismically and aseismically. The third strongly coupled patch offshore of the southeastern end of Nicoya overlaps part of the coseismic rupture of the 1990 Mw 7.0 Nicoya Gulf earthquake, indicating that significant strain has re‐accumulated since this event. Incorporating InSAR data provides a more refined interseismic coupling model than using GPS alone and allows for a more reliable comparison with local seismic and aseismic activities. This comparison indicates that strongly locked regions during the interseismic stage are the loci of coseismic slip, and deep slow slip and low‐frequency earthquakes occur in regions of low coupling or transition zones from low to high coupling, while shallow slow slip and tremor commingle with strongly coupled regions. Our study demonstrates that InSAR data can be used to recover small long‐wavelength deformation signals with refined resolution in challenging subduction zone environments when integrated with GPS observations.
100 Year City (Maribor): The Virtual Concourse Reframed
Authors: Watson Fleur
Published: April 2015

For interactivity, the virtual world so often relies on a physical component, but how might virtual spaces be made more tangible as spatial environments for exchange? Under the direction of architect and RMIT University professor Tom Kovac, in 2012 the 100 Year City project rose to this challenge as part of the Maribor European Capital of Culture programme. Here, Guest‐Editor and Deputy Curator of the project, Fleur Watson, describes how this ‘super studio’ incites cross‐disciplinary exchange and the sharing of progressive design ideas for sustainable blueprints for our cities. It is an initiative that is to be continued under Kovac's directorship with the 100 Year City‐themed Malaysian Biennale in the summer of 2015.
Not to be Taken Seriously: Kiosks, Roadside Joys and Other Things That are Beneath Architectural Contempt
Authors: Cook Peter
Published: April 2015

There is a profound egalitarianism driving Peter Cook's fascination with pavilions, pop‐ups and parasols. They are forms she finds manifested by people in cities everywhere. His every observation drives to the often quirky individuals who make and use these sometimes temporary, often fragile, but enduring structures. He argues for architectures that embrace these myriad constellated moments. It is from these highly idiosyncratic, but astute observations that the possibilities of a new type of architectural intelligence open up drawing on the everyday.
Lasting Impressions: Pop‐Up Culture by HWKN
Authors: Hollwich Matthias
Published: April 2015

In an age of competing online media, visibility and presence is everything for a brand. Matthias Hollwich, co‐founder of the New York‐based practice HWKN, describes how pop‐ups can provide a vital ‘touch‐ point’ for companies' brand campaigns. When placed in a prominent urban venue, they create a highly experiential, physical focus. With the right degree of ‘Tweetability’, this is heightened further as they become a potent social media tool for communicating a ‘brand's “cool” factor’.
Widely Tunable Morphologies in Block Copolymer Thin Films Through Solvent Vapor Annealing Using Mixtures of Selective Solvents
Authors: Chavis Michelle A. , Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Wiesner Ulrich B. , Ober Christopher K.
Published: April 2015

Thin films of block copolymers are extremely attractive for nanofabrication because of their ability to form uniform and periodic nanoscale structures by microphase separation. One shortcoming of this approach is that to date the design of a desired equilibrium structure requires synthesis of a block copolymer de novo within the corresponding volume ratio of the blocks. In this work, solvent vapor annealing in supported thin films of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) [PHEMA‐b‐PMMA] by means of grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) is investigated. A spin‐coated thin film of a lamellar block copolymer is solvent vapor annealed to induce microphase separation and improve the long‐range order of the self‐assembled pattern. Annealing in a mixture of solvent vapors using a controlled volume ratio of solvents, which are chosen to be preferential for each block, enables selective formation of ordered lamellae, gyroid, hexagonal, or spherical morphologies from a single‐block copolymer with a fixed volume fraction. The selected microstructure is then kinetically trapped in the dry film by rapid drying. This paper describes what is thought to be the first reported case where in situ methods are used to study the transition of block copolymer films from one initial disordered morphology to four different ordered morphologies, covering much of the theoretical diblock copolymer phase diagram.
Bioinspired Reversibly Cross‐linked Hydrogels Comprising Polypeptide Micelles Exhibit Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ghoorchian Ali , Simon Joseph R. , Bharti Bhuvnesh , Han Wei , Zhao Xuanhe , Chilkoti Ashutosh , López Gabriel P.
Published: April 2015

Noncovalently cross‐linked networks are attractive hydrogel platforms because of their facile fabrication, dynamic behavior, and biocompatibility. The majority of noncovalently cross‐linked hydrogels, however, exhibits poor mechanical properties, which significantly limit their utility in load bearing applications. To address this limitation, hydrogels are presented composed of micelles created from genetically engineered, amphiphilic, elastin‐like polypeptides that contain a relatively large hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic terminus that can be cross‐linked through metal ion coordination. To create the hydrogels, heat is firstly used to trigger the self‐assembly of the polypeptides into monodisperse micelles that display transition metal coordination motifs on their coronae, and subsequently cross‐link the micelles by adding zinc ions. These hydrogels exhibit hierarchical structure, are stable over a large temperature range, and exhibit tunable stiffness, self‐healing, and fatigue resistance. Gels with polypeptide concentration of 10%, w/v, and higher show storage moduli of ≈1 MPa from frequency sweep tests and exhibit self‐healing within minutes. These reversibly cross‐linked, hierarchical hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties have potential utility in a variety of biomedical applications.
A novel maternally inherited 8q24.3 and a rare paternally inherited 14q23.3 CNVs in a family with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Hu Jie , Sathanoori Malini , Kochmar Sally , Azage Meron , Mann Susan , Madan‐Khetarpal Suneeta , Goldstein Amy , Surti Urvashi
Published: April 2015

A 7‐year‐old female with developmental delay (DD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and seizures was referred to our laboratory for oligomicroarray analysis. The analysis revealed a 540 kb microdeletion in the chromosome 8q24.3 region (143,610,058–144,150,241) encompassing multiple genes. Two siblings of the proband were also analyzed. The proband's older sister with DD, seizures, and ASD has a 438 kb intragenic microdeletion of the GPHN gene in the chromosome 14q23.3 region (67,105,512–67,543,291) containing multiple exons, while the proband's older brother with DD, ASD, ID, and ADHD has both the 8q24.3 and the 14q23.3 deletions. All three siblings have a normal karyotype at the 650 G‐band level of resolution. Parental FISH analysis indicates that the mother is a carrier for the 8q24.3 deletion and the father is a carrier for the 14q23.3 deletion. The 8q24.3 deletion seen in our patients has not been reported in the literature, while the small deletions of the 14q23.3 region involving multiple exons of the GPHN gene have been reported in a handful of patients in a recent study. The size of the 8q24.3 deletion and its genomic content, as well as the maternal family history, strongly suggest the association between the deletion and the neurodevelopmental disorders. Our study also provides more evidence in support of the association between GPHN deletion and neurodevelopmental disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ranging and site fidelity in northern pigtailed macaques (Macaca leonina) over different temporal scales
Authors: José‐Domínguez Juan Manuel , Savini Tommaso , Asensio Norberto
Published: April 2015

Space‐use patterns are crucial to understanding the ecology, evolution, and conservation of primates, but detailed ranging data are scarce for many species, especially those in Southeast Asia. Researchers studying site fidelity to either home ranges or core areas have focused mainly on territorial species, whereas less information is available for non‐territorial species. We analyzed the ranging patterns and site fidelity of one wild troop of northern pigtailed macaques over 16 months at different temporal scales. We used characteristic hull polygons in combination with spatial statistics to estimate home ranges and core areas. The total home range and core areas were 449 ha and 190 ha, respectively. Average daily path length was 2,246 m. The macaques showed a high defendabili­­ty index according to the expected ranging of a non‐territorial species in which movement does not theoretically permit the defense of a large territory. Overall, the study troop ranged more extensively than conspecific groups and closely related species studied elsewhere. These differences may reflect variable troop size, degree of terrestriality and habitat characteristics, but could also reflect methodological differences. The location, size and shape of home ranges and core areas, and extent of daily path lengths changed on a monthly basis resulting in low site fidelity between months. The macaques also showed clear shifts in the location of daily home ranges with low site fidelity scores between consecutive days. Daily home range and daily path length were related to seasonality, with greater values during the fruit‐abundant period. Low site fidelity associated with lack of territoriality is consistent with macaques structuring their movement based on available food sources. However, ranging patterns and site fidelity can also be explained by macaques feeding on the move, a foraging strategy that hinders frequent and long visits to the same location. Am. J. Primatol. 77:841–853, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How do demographic and social factors influence parent‐offspring conflict? The case of wild black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya)
Authors: Pavé Romina , Kowalewski Martín M. , Zunino Gabriel E. , Giraudo Alejandro R.
Published: April 2015

In this study, we examined the influence of demography and social context on mother‐offspring conflict in wild black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) inhabiting two nearby sites in northern Argentina, one comprising continuous forest and one fragmented forest. These sites differed in population density (3.25 vs. 1.04 individuals/ha), degree of home range overlap between neighboring groups (70 vs. 31%), and rate of intergroup encounters (2 vs. 0.02‐1 encounters/day), though not in interbirth interval or rate of infant mortality. During a 27‐month study (September 2008 through November 2010), we observed 37 mother‐offspring dyads across the two sites. We found a very similar pattern of mother‐offspring conflict in both populations; specifically, the sites did not differ in any of the variables used to characterize the mother‐offspring relationship (the time spent in contact, the rate at which the mother makes and breaks contact, the rate at which the infant breaks contact, the rate of maternal rejection, and signs of infant distress) except one (the rate at which the infant makes contact). Although mother‐offspring conflict is a dynamic process that varies over time, our results suggest that the different demographic and social contexts found at the two study sites did not have a marked effect on quantitative aspects of the mother‐offspring relationship in these populations of black and gold howlers. Finally, this study suggests that the environmental variability (ecological, demographic, and social traits) leads to a set of strategies used both by infants and mothers with a main goal of conflict resolution, with mothers specifically aiming to cope with the tradeoff between current and future reproduction. Am. J. Primatol. 77:911–923, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innovation, adaptation and technology as habitus: the origins of alluvial gold mining methods in Australia
Authors: Lawrence Susan , Davies Peter
Published: April 2015

The introduction of Cornish mining methods during the Australian gold rush provides a case study for examining the role of technological innovation in the context of migration. New physical and social environments encountered as a result of migration force migrants to adapt familiar technologies to their new circumstances. Cornish migrants to Australia were able to apply their knowledge of traditional methods for working alluvial tin deposits to the exploitation of alluvial gold. These methods were heavily dependent on reliable sources of water, and in order to ensure success, the miners developed innovative technical and legal systems for managing water supplies.
Evidence for Pleistocene seed grinding at Lake Mungo, south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Fullagar Richard , Hayes Elspeth , Stephenson Birgitta , Field Judith , Matheson Carney , Stern Nicola , Fitzsimmons Kathryn
Published: April 2015

Grinding stones and fragments have often been found in archaeological sites at Lake Mungo, south‐western New South Wales, and their function has mostly been inferred on the basis of grindstone morphology. Of particular interest has been the antiquity of grass seed grinding, which is usually associated with deeply grooved, large sandstone dishes. Previous studies of grinding stones from the region have found no compelling evidence for seed grinding prior to the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary. One of the problems has been that the grinding stones have been found on deflated surfaces and have been difficult to accurately provenance and date. Here, we report a functional study of 17 sandstone artefacts, recently collected from the central part of the Mungo lunette, where a suite of OSL ages have provided bracketing age estimates for the stratigraphic units. Ten artefacts are attributed to Unit E deposited between c.25 and 14 ka. Four artefacts are attributed to Unit F, deposited c.8 ka. Three artefacts from the Golgol lag are of unknown age. Usewear indicates a likely seed grinding function for 14 of the artefacts. Use‐related residues include starch, cellulose and collagen. The results of this study provide additional support for Pleistocene plant processing and seed grinding activities in Sahul.
Computational authorship verification method attributes a new work to a major 2nd centuryAfrican author
Authors: Stover Justin Anthony , Winter Yaron , Koppel Moshe , Kestemont Mike
Published: April 2015

We discuss a real‐world application of a recently proposed machine learning method for authorship verification. Authorship verification is considered an extremely difficult task in computational text classification, because it does not assume that the correct author of an anonymous text is included in the candidate authors available. To determine whether 2 documents have been written by the same author, the verification method discussed uses repeated feature subsampling and a pool of impostor authors. We use this technique to attribute a newly discoveredLatin text from antiquity (theCompendiosa expositio) toApuleius. ThisNorthAfrican writer was one of the most important authors of theRomanEmpire in the 2ndcentury and authored one of the world's first novels. This attribution has profound and wide‐reaching cultural value, because it has been over a century since a new text by a major author from antiquity was discovered. This research therefore illustrates the rapidly growing potential of computational methods for studying the global textual heritage.
Interference of GSM mobile phones with communication between Cardiac Rhythm Management devices and programmers: A combined in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Huang Dong , Dong Zhi‐Feng , Chen Yan , Wang Fa‐Bin , Wei Zhi , Zhao Wen‐Bin , Li Shuai , Liu Ming‐Ya , Zhu Wei , Wei Meng , Li Jing‐Bo
Published: April 2015

To investigate interference, and how to avoid it, by high‐frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phone with communication between cardiac rhythm management devices (CRMs) and programmers, a combined in vivo and in vitro testing was conducted. During in vivo testing, GSM mobile phones interfered with CRM‐programmer communication in 33 of 65 subjects tested (50.8%). Losing ventricle sensing was representative in this study. In terms of clinical symptoms, only 4 subjects (0.6%) felt dizzy during testing. CRM‐programmer communication recovered upon termination of mobile phone communication. During in vitro testing, electromagnetic interference by high‐frequency (700–950 MHz) EMFs reproducibly occurred in duplicate testing in 18 of 20 CRMs (90%). During each interference, the pacing pulse signal on the programmer would suddenly disappear while the synchronous signal was normal on the amplifier‐oscilloscope. Simulation analysis showed that interference by radiofrequency emitting devices with CRM‐programmer communication may be attributed to factors including materials, excitation source distance, and implant depth. Results suggested that patients implanted with CRMs should not be restricted from using GSM mobile phones; however, CRMs should be kept away from high‐frequency EMFs of GSM mobile phone during programming. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:367–376, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
President's page
Authors: Bruce Harry
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Member and business concerns, project updates and future plans will be addressed during the annual ASIS&T Board of Directors’ summer retreat at the end of July 2014. This is an opportunity for Board members to report as liaisons for committees and task forces, with appreciation for their important contributions to the Association. The Board will continue its focus on membership engagement, drawing feedback from member surveys and interviews and exploring opportunities to enhance membership interaction throughout the year. Members and consultants will report progress to promote those goals through the social media and website redesign initiatives. The Board will also critically evaluate issues related to the ASIS&T Annual Meeting, from its length and structure to perceptions of value by members and guests. The President expresses gratitude to the Board members for their volunteer efforts stewarding the Association and leading preparations for the Annual Meeting in Seattle.
Research data management on a shoestring budget
Authors: Henderson Margaret , Raboin Regina , Shorish Yasmeen , Van Tuyl Steve
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

In response to mandates from the federal government, many academic librarians face a new challenge to become service providers for research data management. A panel at RDAP14 convened representatives from Virginia Commonwealth University, James Madison University and a collaboration of seven New England libraries to discuss their strategies in response to the regulations when faced with limited resources. A common theme was to take advantage of work already done by others, including faculty surveys and existing data management resources such as DMPTool and Data Curation and Profiles Toolkit. Spreading the word on data issues to spark collaboration and gaining the support of library administration are key. Positive response from stakeholders can provide momentum to request additional resources and provide instruction on data management planning.
NSF datanet partners update
Authors: Akmon Dharma
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Attendees at the 2014 Research Data Access and Preservation Summit (RDAP14) heard an update on the DataNet project, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and designed to bring together data research infrastructure organizations to support digital preservation, access, integration and analysis. Five project partners have received funding, each convening collaborating institutions and pursuing group goals. DataONE focuses on data preservation and metadata, distributed storage, usability and assessment, educational outreach, data discovery and interoperability. SEAD (Sustainable Environment Actionable Data) seeks to build a cyberinfrastructure for sustainability science, providing a repository, researcher network and virtual archive. Tools developed by Terra Populus will enable users to extract data from different sources to create custom combinations. The goal of the DataNet Federation Consortium is to support collaborative research and federated collections by putting together a national data infrastructure with client‐friendly metadata templates and bulk uploading to support long‐term management. The DataNet partners continue separate lines of research to build an effective cyberinfrastructure that will support sharing and preserving diverse scientific studies.
Learning to curate
Authors: Doty Jennifer , Herndon Joel , Lyle Jared , Stephenson Libbie
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Three data specialists reviewed their experiences learning about and applying the Inter‐university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) processes and tools for curating research data. A small virtual community discussed curation theories on data acquisitions, review, processing, metadata and dissemination and shared progress implementing the ICPSR workflows and tools. Curators at Duke University, dealing with data on political donors, found processing obstacles from incomplete and mismatched data and faced confidentiality questions. At Emory University, gaps in coded data on home schooling practices revealed problems arising from lack of preplanning for long‐term archiving and research and the need to clarify data needs for later re‐use. By applying ICPSR processes, curators at UCLA's Social Sciences Data Archive were able to improve their workflow and understand the work necessary for open archiving. All participants gained from the opportunity to practice ICPSR curation practices, realized the resource demands and saw the value librarians can provide by consulting with faculty on data management and preservation.
Regulation of macroautophagy in amiodarone‐induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Mahavadi Poornima , Knudsen Lars , Venkatesan Shalini , Henneke Ingrid , Hegermann Jan , Wrede Christoph , Ochs Matthias , Ahuja Saket , Chillappagari Shashi , Ruppert Clemens , Seeger Werner , Korfei Martina , Guenther Andreas
Published: April 2015

Amiodarone (AD) is an iodinated benzofuran derivative, especially known for its antiarrhythmic properties. It exerts serious side‐effects even in patients receiving low doses. AD is well‐known to induce apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII), a mechanism that has been suggested to play an important role in AD‐induced lung fibrosis. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying this disease are, however, still unclear. Because of its amphiphilic nature, AD becomes enriched in the lysosomal compartments, affecting the general functions of these organelles. Hence, in this study, we aimed to assess the role of autophagy, a lysosome‐dependent homeostasis mechanism, in driving AECII apoptosis in response to AD. In vitro, AD‐treated MLE12 and primary AECII cells showed increased proSP‐C and LC3B positive vacuolar structures and underwent LC3B‐dependent apoptosis. In addition, AD‐induced autophagosome‐lysosome fusion and increased autophagy flux were observed. In vivo, in C57BL/6 mice, LC3B was localised at the limiting membrane of lamellar bodies, which were closely connected to the autophagosomal structures in AECIIs. Our data suggest that AD causes activation of macroautophagy in AECIIs and extensive autophagy‐dependent apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. Targeting the autophagy pathway may therefore represent an attractive treatment modality in AD‐induced lung fibrosis.
Developmental pathways of motor dysfunction
Authors: Kleven Gale A. , Bellinger Seanceray A.
Published: April 2015

Recent evidence has revealed unique patterns of behavioral development after prenatal insult similar to those outlined in studies of adult metabolic dysfunction after prenatal malnutrition. The hallmark features of this Developmental Pathway include a prenatal insult to the nervous system (environmental or genetic) followed by a period of Silent Vulnerability, where no or few functional deficits are observed, and finally emergence of later dysfunction. Possible mechanisms leading to later dysfunction from prenatal insult may include secondary or cascade effects due to the timing of prenatal insults relative to later developing structures in the brain. Methods best employed to study the mechanisms of these pathways are microgenetic and longitudinal designs that include behavioral assessment during the prenatal period of development, and animal models such as the guinea pig. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 435–446, 2015.
Episodic memory and future thinking during early childhood: Linking the past and future
Authors: Cuevas Kimberly , Rajan Vinaya , Morasch Katherine C. , Bell Martha Ann
Published: April 2015

Despite extensive examination of episodic memory and future thinking development, little is known about the concurrent emergence of these capacities during early childhood. In Experiment 1, 3‐year‐olds participated in an episodic memory hiding task (“what, when, where” [WWW] components) with an episodic future thinking component. In Experiment 2, a group of 4‐year‐olds (including children from Experiment 1) participated in the same task (different objects and locations), providing the first longitudinal investigation of episodic memory and future thinking. Although children exhibited age‐related improvements in recall, recognition, and binding of the WWW episodic memory components, there were no age‐related changes in episodic future thinking. At both ages, WWW episodic memory performance was higher than future thinking performance, and episodic future thinking and WWW memory components were unrelated. These findings suggest that the WWW components of episodic memory are potentially less fragile than the future components when assessed in a cognitively demanding task. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 552–565, 2015.
Novel perspectives for hepatitis A virus therapy revealed by comparative analysis of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis A virus RNA replication
Authors: Esser‐Nobis Katharina , Harak Christian , Schult Philipp , Kusov Yuri , Lohmann Volker
Published: April 2015

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are two positive‐strand RNA viruses sharing a similar biology, but causing opposing infection outcomes, with HAV always being cleared and HCV establishing persistence in the majority of infections. To gain deeper insight into determinants of replication, persistence, and treatment, we established a homogenous cell‐culture model allowing a thorough comparison of RNA replication of both viruses. By screening different human liver‐derived cell lines with subgenomic reporter replicons of HAV as well as of different HCV genotypes, we found that Huh7‐Lunet cells supported HAV‐ and HCV‐RNA replication with similar efficiency and limited interference between both replicases. HAV and HCV replicons were similarly sensitive to interferon (IFN), but differed in their ability to establish persistent replication in cell culture. In contrast to HCV, HAV replicated independently from microRNA‐122 and phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase IIIα and β (PI4KIII). Both viruses were efficiently inhibited by cyclosporin A and NIM811, a nonimmunosuppressive analog thereof, suggesting an overlapping dependency on cyclophilins for replication. However, analysis of a broader set of inhibitors revealed that, in contrast to HCV, HAV does not depend on cyclophilin A, but rather on adenosine‐triphosphate–binding cassette transporters and FK506‐binding proteins. Finally, silibinin, but not its modified intravenous formulation, efficiently inhibited HAV genome replication in vitro, suggesting oral silibinin as a potential therapeutic option for HAV infections. Conclusion: We established a cell‐culture model enabling comparative studies on RNA replication of HAV and HCV in a homogenous cellular background with comparable replication efficiency. We thereby identified new host cell targets and potential treatment options for HAV and set the ground for future studies to unravel determinants of clearance and persistence. (Hepatology 2015;62:397–408
Variation among individuals in photoperiod responses: Effects of breeding schedule, photoperiod, and age‐related photoperiodic experience in birds
Authors: Watts Heather E. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Scott A. , Hahn Thomas P.
Published: April 2015

Many organisms use environmental cues to regulate reproductive function in order to time reproduction to coincide with favorable environmental conditions. Whereas we understand much about how environmental cues are used to time reproduction, we know relatively little about variation among individuals in responsiveness to environmental cues. However, this variation among individuals may represent a crucial component of a population's capacity to respond to changing environmental conditions. In this study, we quantify variation among individuals in photoperiod responsiveness of the avian reproductive system and investigate three potential underlying sources of this variation in environmental cue responsiveness. Specifically, we tested whether age‐related photoperiodic experience, strength of the photoperiodic cue (day length), and degree of flexibility in breeding schedule influenced the degree of variation observed in experimental studies of seven species of cardueline finches. Overall, we found a high degree of variation among individuals in photoperiod response, and this was influenced by experimental photoperiod and breeding schedule. As experimental photoperiod became longer, the degree of variation declined. Opportunistic breeders showed greater variation in response compared with more seasonal breeders. We found no effect of age‐related photoperiodic experience in one species for which we could examine this factor. The results of this study highlight the extent to which individuals can vary in their response to environmental cues and point to both species ecology and characteristics of the cue as important influences on the degree of this variation. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 368–374, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of a novel dehydration responsive gene, drp10, from the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis
Authors: Biggar Kyle K. , Biggar Yulia , Storey Kenneth B.
Published: April 2015

During periods of environmental stress a number of different anuran species employ adaptive strategies to promote survival. Our study found that in response to dehydration (i.e., loss of total body water content), the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) increased the expression of a novel gene (drp10) that encodes a structural homolog of the freeze‐responsive FR10 protein found in wood frogs. Similar to FR10, the DRP10 protein was found to also contain a highly conserved N‐terminal cleavable signal peptide. Furthermore, DRP10 was found to have high structural homology to the available crystal structures of type A and E apolipoproteins in Homo sapiens, and a type IV LS‐12 anti‐freeze protein in the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosis. In response to dehydration, the transcript expression of drp10 was found to increase 1.52 ± 0.16‐fold and 1.97 ± 0.11‐fold in response to medium (15%) and high (30%) dehydration stresses in the liver tissue of X. laevis, respectively, while drp10 expression increased 2.12 ± 0.12‐fold and 1.46 ± 0.16‐fold in kidney tissue. Although the molecular function of both dehydration‐responsive DRP10 and the freeze‐responsive FR10 have just begun to be elucidated, it is likely that both are frog‐specific proteins that likely share a similar purpose during water‐related stresses. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 375–381, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What to compare and how: Comparative transcriptomics for Evo‐Devo
Authors: Roux Julien , Rosikiewicz Marta , Robinson‐Rechavi Marc
Published: April 2015

Evolutionary developmental biology has grown historically from the capacity to relate patterns of evolution in anatomy to patterns of evolution of expression of specific genes, whether between very distantly related species, or very closely related species or populations. Scaling up such studies by taking advantage of modern transcriptomics brings promising improvements, allowing us to estimate the overall impact and molecular mechanisms of convergence, constraint or innovation in anatomy and development. But it also presents major challenges, including the computational definitions of anatomical homology and of organ function, the criteria for the comparison of developmental stages, the annotation of transcriptomics data to proper anatomical and developmental terms, and the statistical methods to compare transcriptomic data between species to highlight significant conservation or changes. In this article, we review these challenges, and the ongoing efforts to address them, which are emerging from bioinformatics work on ontologies, evolutionary statistics, and data curation, with a focus on their implementation in the context of the development of our database Bgee (http://bgee.org). J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 372–382, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MRI interactions of a fully implantable pressure monitoring device
Authors: Stehlin Ellyce F. , McCormick Daniel , Malpas Simon C. , Pontré Beau P. , Heppner Peter A. , Budgett David M.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

To investigate the potential patient risk and interactions between a prototype implantable pressure monitoring device and a 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine to guide device design towards MR Conditional safety approval.

Materials and Methods

The pressure monitor device contained a catheter‐mounted piezo‐resistive pressure sensor, rechargeable battery, wireless communication system, and inductive pickup coil. Standard testing methods were used to guide experiments to investigate static field induced force and torque, radiofrequency (RF)‐induced heating, image artifacts, and the MR's effect on device function. The specific clinical application of intracranial pressure monitoring was considered. RF‐induced heating experiments were supported by numerical modeling of the RF body coil, the device, and experimental phantom.

Results

Sensing catheter lead length and configuration was an important component of the device design. A short 150 mm length catheter produced a heating effect of less than 2°C and a long 420 mm length catheter caused heating of 7.2°C. Static magnetic field interactions were below standard safety risk levels and the MR did not interfere with device function; however, artifacts have the potential to interfere with image quality.

Conclusion

Investigation of MR interactions at the prototype stage provides useful implantable device design guidance and confidence that an implantable pressure monitor may be able to achieve MR Conditional safety approval. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1441–1449.
A Preliminary Study of an Internet‐Based Intervention for OEF/OIF Veterans Presenting for VA Specialty PTSD Care
Authors: Belsher Bradley E. , Kuhn Eric , Maron David , Prins Annabel , Cueva David , Fast Elsbeth , France Deborah
Published: April 2015

This preliminary study sought to evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a cognitive–behavioral, web‐based intervention for posttraumatic stress in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans who are not able to participate, or not eligible to participate, in evidence‐based posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments. The study used an uncontrolled pre‐posttest design with a sample of 24 OEF/OIF veterans presenting to a VA PTSD specialty clinic. Participants used the afterdeployment.org, Post‐Traumatic Stress (PTS) Workshop, which was supplemented with brief weekly telephone calls. Half of the participants (n = 12) completed at least 5 of the 8 workshop sessions. At posttreatment, 40.0% of completers demonstrated reliable reductions on PTSD symptoms and overall d = 1.04. Treatment satisfaction and acceptability was generally positive based on Likert ratings. This web‐based intervention for PTS appears to be a feasible and potentially helpful intervention for veterans who may not otherwise receive psychosocial interventions. Given the minimal resources required and the potential reach, this web‐based intervention could be a viable addition to services provided to OEF/OIF veterans seeking PTSD specialty care. Efforts to further develop and more rigorously evaluate this approach are warranted.