bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of urban heat island on Tilia tomentosa Moench. blooming
Authors: Djordjevic Sara , Sentic Ivana , Cukanovic Jelena , Ljubojevic Mirjana , Pusic Magdalena
Published: February 2022

Temperature increase in urban areas due to a high share of paved and
impermeable surfaces affects indigenous woody species by making changes in
their biological processes. Field research includes monitoring the blooming
period of 18 individuals of Tilia tomentosa Moench. in one vegetation season
located in three different habitats (green strip, paved surface, and park).
The beginnings of four blooming phenophases are monitored (beginning of
blooming, beginning of full blooming, end of full blooming, and end of
blooming), as well as the total duration of blooming. Analyzed individuals
are located in the densely built-up part of Novi Sad in Serbia which is
under the influence of the urban heat island effect. The results show that
the blooming period of individuals located in the park lasted longer and
occurred later. Between individuals from green strips and paved surfaces
there are no significant dif?ferences in the blooming period and the
occurring of phases, but in relation to park individuals, blooming duration
is shorter and occurs earlier. Besides age and hereditary traits, air
temperature as a part of the microclimate of analyzed habitats is a very
important factor when analyzing the blooming phenophase. In that way, the
change in blooming phenophases can be an indicator of the adaptability of
indigenous species to the urban heat effect and climate change.
Determination of tropane alkaloids in corn puffs by the LC-MS/MS
Authors: Stojanovic Tijana , Vukovic Gorica , Petrovic Aleksandra , Konstantinovic Bojan , Puvaca Nikola , Marinkovic Dusan , Gvozdenac Sonja , Bursic Vojislava
Published: February 2022

The interest in tropane alkaloids (TA) as food contaminants is increasing. A
sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was applied for the analysis of corn
puff samples from the Serbian market. Only atropine was quantified in 22% of
the samples. In case of scopolamine, although not quantified, it was
detected in 22% of the samples. Whether the acute reference dose (ARfD)
could be exceeded was checked on a case-by-case basis for the individual
products under assessment. Due to their low body weight and relatively high
snack consumption, preschool children were at the highest risk of TA
exposure. Assuming that the average consumption is 50 g of corn puffs per
day, the sample with the highest concentration of TAs (2.05 ?g/kg, 1.58
?g/kg of atropine) could contribute with 32.0% to the ARfD, of which 24.7%
owing to atropine. If the same amount of corn puffs is consumed by older age
classes, corresponding exposure contributions to the ARfD would
progressively decline, down to 8.4% for adult population. The study revealed
no health risk from TAs exposure through the consumption of the corn puffs
in Serbian population.
Iodine and the higher plants
Authors: Kastori Rudolf , Maksimovic Ivana , Putnik-Delic Marina
Published: February 2022

Iodine (I) is widely distributed in the biosphere in small concentrations.
Iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) are the most important inorganic forms of I
that can be found in the biosphere. Iodine is a necessary microelement for
some marine algae and higher animals. Approximately 35% of the world?s
population is insufficiently provided with I, which results in many health
problems. Plants are an important source of I for humans, and the knowledge
about the uptake, distribution, and accumulation of I in edible plant parts,
as well as its effect on life processes and organic production of cultivated
species is very important. The results of numerous studies indicate a
favorable effect of I application on plant growth, tolerance to stress, and
the antioxidant capacity of plants. In addition, its effects on
photosynthesis, hydration, carbohydrate metabolism, respiration, and
interaction with other elements are analyzed. At the same time, data are
indicating that the application of I has no effect, moreover, it may act
phytotoxically, especially at higher concentrations. Based on the current
understanding of I impact on life processes and the organic production of
higher plants, it can be considered a useful element. Plants can complete
their life cycle without iodine, but it may have a stimulating effect on
their growth under certain circumstances. Considering the importance of I
for the health of the human population and higher animals, the application
of I to increase its concentration in edible parts of grown plants using
cultivation practices (biofortification of crops with I) is an important
task for further research.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pradhan Richeek , Yin Hui , Yu Oriana , Azoulay Laurent
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, separately, are associated with a decreased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors among patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We assembled two new-user, active comparator cohorts using the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink. The first included 30,291 and 225,320 new users of GLP-1 RA and DPP-4 inhibitors, respectively. The second included 41,184 and 148,421 new users of SGLT-2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models weighted using propensity score fine stratification were fit to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs of NAFLD. We also determined whether the study drugs were associated with a decreased risk of hepatic transaminase elevation within restricted subcohorts.

RESULTS

GLP-1 RA were associated with a lower incidence of NAFLD with a wide CI compared with DPP-4 inhibitors (3.9 vs. 4.6 per 1,000 person-years, respectively; HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73–1.01). SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD (5.4 vs. 7.0 per 1,000 person-years, respectively; HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68–0.89). In the restricted subcohorts, both GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a decreased risk of hepatic transaminase elevation (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83–0.95, and HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.61–0.71).

CONCLUSIONS

SGLT-2 inhibitors, and possibly GLP-1 RA, may be associated with a decreased incidence of NAFLD and hepatic transaminase elevation among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Circulating Palmitoyl Sphingomyelin Is Associated With Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the China Da Qing Diabetes Study
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Jia Hongmei , Qian Xin , Wang Jinping , Yu Meng , Gong Qiuhong , An Yali , Li Hui , Li Sidong , Shi Na , Zou Zhongmei , Li Guangwei
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE To investigate the
association of potential cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers in patients with
type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We enrolled 120 participants (aged 61.5–69.5
years) with type 2 diabetes and 60 (aged 62.5-73.5 years) with normal glucose
tolerance in the discovery group from the original Da Qing Diabetes Study. Their
diabetes status was confirmed in 1986; then, the participants were followed over
23 years to collect CVD outcome data. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics
analyses based on UPLC-MS/MS
were used to identify potential markers. Multivariable
regression analysis was
used to evaluate the association between metabolites and CVD outcomes.
An independent group of 335 patients (aged 67.0–77.0 years) with diabetes was
used for biomarker validation.

RESULTS In the discovery group, untargeted
metabolomics analysis found 16 lipids and fatty acids metabolites associated
with CVD risk in patients with diabetes, with palmitoyl
sphingomyelin (PSM) having the strongest association. Plasma PSM concentrations
were significantly higher in cases of diabetes with CVD than without (41.68 ± 10.47
vs. 9.69 ± 1.47 μg/mL; P < 0.0001). The odds ratio
(OR) of CVD for 1 µg/mL PSM change was
1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.25) after
adjustment of clinical confounders. The validation study confirmed that PSM
was significantly associated with increased CVD risk in diabetes (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.16–1.30).

CONCLUSIONS Changes in lipid and fatty acid content were
significantly associated with CVD risk in the diabetic Chinese
population. PSM is a potential biomarker of increased CVD
risk in diabetes.
Reflections on Nan’s liver transplant
Authors: Rangiwai Byron
Published: February 2022

The first liver transplant in Aotearoa New Zealand took place in 1998 following the establishment of the New Zealand Liver Transplant Unit (NZLTU) at Auckland Hospital (Gane et al., 2002). From that time to 30 December 2001, 186 patients were listed for liver transplantation, 13 of whom were Māori (Gane et al., 2002). Furthermore, from 1998 to 2014 a total of 595 liver transplants were performed by the NZLTU (Munn et al., 2014). In 1999 my grandmother, Rēpora Marion Brown (1940-2017), required an emergency liver transplant at Auckland Hospital.
The Image of Sea-shell in the Poetry of Sophia de Mello Breiner Andresen
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Makhortova Varvara
Published: February 2022

The article analyses the image of a seashell as a part of poetry and prose of Sofia de Mello Breyner Andresen, one of the key-figures of the 20th century Portuguese literature. The research was carried out using the methods of contextual, stylistic and semantic analysis. The results of the study indicate that the image of a seashell occupies a significant place in the work of Sophia de Mello due to a wide range of meanings associated with it. In poetry and prose of the writer, the shell is presented not only as a detail of the seascape, but also as a symbol of harmony, poetry, soul and the manifestation of the divine in the real world.
On Some Stylistic Peculiarities in Medieval Mystic of Italian Female Writers
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Drozdova Polina
Published: February 2022

Medieval women’s mysticism is characteristic to the European Middle Ages literature where there is a certain number of Italians. The authors’ desire to describe her own mystical experience as correctly as possible raise the problem of “expressing the inexpressible”, which results in using of characteristic linguistic means, stylistic as lexical. On the example of the texts of Angela da Foligno, Catherine of Siena and Catherine of Genoa, the article presents some of linguistic peculiarities of Italian medieval women’s mysticism: stylistical (the use of intentional tautologies, similarities, parabolas, metaphors, lithotes), and lexical (the use of courtesy and love lexis, as well as lexis related to the themes of motherhood, divine nursing, blood, nutrition and purification).
Las familias en los cuentos de Adela Fernández
Authors:   , Velázquez Fabiola
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo será revisar sólo la producción cuentística de la autora, por lo que se tomarán principalmente los libros Duermevelas y Vago espinazo de la noche, debido a que en ellos se conjunta la mayor parte de la producción y también se referirán los dos cuentos del primer libro, que no fueron seleccionados en las ediciones posteriores: “En espera del epílogo” y “Cracovia”. En total se analizarán treinta y ocho cuentos.
La persona es estado embrionario. Una propuesta al debate sobre el estatuto antropológico del embrión humano desde el personalismo integral
Authors: Bermeo Antury Elias
Published: February 2022

El debate sobre el estatuto antropológico del embrión humano ha tenido dos corrientes contrapuestas: la teoría de la gradualidad y la personalista. Que colisionan en la definición de persona y en la comprensión concedida al embrión humano. Ahora bien, aunque ambas teorías están yuxtapuestas comparten que el centro de atención lo han focalizado en definir el qué es el embrión humano, desde sus posturas filosóficas. Y esa ahí, en este escenario de discusión, que propongo analizar al embrión humano desde el personalismo integral y salir de una descripción focalizada en el qué es, a una lectura que pone el acento en identificar el quién es,  como una vía alterna que resalta lo irreductible de la persona desde el momento de la fecundación.
Konserwująca uprawa roli oraz międzyplony jako czynniki kształtujące plon ziarna pszenicy jarej odmiany Zebra uprawianej w monokulturze
Authors: KRASKA PIOTR
Published: February 2022

Schemat doświadczenia założonego na glebie rędzinowej metodą split-plot w czterech powtórzeniach uwzględniał uprawę płużną (A), uprawę konserwującą prowadzoną dwoma sposobami: z jesiennym talerzowaniem międzyplonów (B) oraz z wiosennym ich talerzowaniem (C). Jednocześnie zastosowano cztery sposoby regeneracji stanowiska w monokulturze pszenicy jarej w postaci wsiewek międzyplonowych koniczyny czerwonej (b) i życicy westerwoldzkiej (e) oraz międzyplonów ścierniskowych facelii błękitnej (c) i gorczycy białej (d). Obiekt kontrolny stanowiły poletka bez międzyplonów (a). Plon ziarna pszenicy jarej uzyskany w obiektach uprawy płużnej był istotnie większy niż w obydwu wariantach uprawy konserwującej. W obiektach z międzyplonami ścierniskowymi stwierdzono istotnie większy plon ziarna niż na poletkach z życicą westerwoldzką, gdzie plon był najmniejszy. Stwierdzono również tendencję tworzenia większego plonu ziarna w obiektach z koniczyną czerwoną, gorczycą białą i facelią błękitną w porównaniu z obiektem kontrolnym bez międzyplonów.
Ocena zawartości materii organicznej w glebie torfowo-murszowej w warunkach zróżnicowanego użytkowania runi łąkowej
Authors: KULIK MARIUSZ ARTUR
Published: February 2022

Celem pracy była analiza zawartości materii organicznej w glebie torfowo-murszowej w warunkach zróżnicowanego użytkowania runi łąkowej. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2006–2010 w Stacji Dydaktyczno-Badawczej w Sosnowicy na kompleksie torfowiska niskiego, które zostało zmeliorowane w latach 1964–1966. Obecnie gleby te zaliczają się do typu murszowych i podtypu torfowo-murszowych (Mt II). W badaniach uwzględniono zróżnicowaną częstotliwość koszenia runi (brak użytkowania, łąka 1-, 2- i 3-kośna) oraz poziom nawożenia azotowego. Zawartość materii organicznej oznaczano na 2 głębokościach. W latach badań zaobserwowano istotne zmiany zawartości materii organicznej, zwłaszcza w warunkach długoletniego braku użytkowania w silnie przesuszonym siedlisku. W warunkach ścisłego doświadczenia, w 5-letnim okresie badań sposób użytkowania nie miał istotnego wpływu na zawartość materii organicznej. Analizowana cecha była istotnie zróżnicowana w latach badań. Istotnie mniejszą zawartością materii organicznej charakteryzowała się gleba pobrana z wyższych warstw.
Homo Juridicus and Homo Ludens: An Approach in Affective Jurilinguistics
Authors: Veleanu Corina
Published: February 2022

This paper offers a multilingual perspective from the point of view of affective jurilinguistics on the link between the concepts of justice and play through media and literary discourses. The emotional impact of social norms on the members of any social group is highlighted, while individual and collective identity is built by playing. Playing is construed as a socializing activity per se, be it under an explicit or hidden form. Homo ludens is, by definition, a homo juridicus, too, as he complies with the rules of the social games which characterize life in a community. Researchers in the field of affective neurosciences have demonstrated that our perception of the world is first and foremost affective. The rational construction of concepts and discourse follows affective perception and is rooted in it. In the field of justice, this means that a person needs to feel safe within the group they belong to and make sure that their life and the group’s will go on. Perception is the result of a permanent social contract which is renewed regularly and cathartically through arts. Alain Supiot stated that man is a metaphysical animal, adding that “the life of the senses in a human being is intertwined with the meaning of life” (Supiot 2005: 7). By perceiving the world through his senses, the human being must bond with the other human beings, being thrown to the others through words. Thus, “the bond of the Law and the bonds of the words are intertwined in order to introduce every new-born baby to humanity, that is to give meaning to their life, in the double sense, general and juridical, of this word” (Supiot 2005: 8). Affective jurilinguistics appears to be a privileged area of multidisciplinary research in pragmatics, discourse analysis, history of mentalities and neurosciences, as well as a useful instrument for the observation of language and discourse phenomena within legal texts and texts which are related to the field of law and justice (journalistic and literary texts, etc.)
Human Activity Recognition using Smartwatch and Smartphone: A Review on Methods, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Lateef Rana Abdulrahman , Abbas Ayad Rodhan
Published: February 2022

Recently, Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has been a popular research field due to wide spread of sensor devices. Embedded sensors in smartwatch and smartphone enabled applications to use sensors in activity recognition with challenges for example, support of elderly’s daily life . In the aim of recognizing and analyzing human activity many approaches have been implemented in researches.  Most articles published on human activity recognition used a multi -sensors based methods where a number of sensors were tied on different positions on a human body which are not suitable for many users. Currently, a smartphone and smart watch device combine different types of sensors which present a new area for analysis of human attitude. This paper presents a review on methodologies applied to solve problems related to human activity recognition that use the equipped sensors in smartphone and smartwatch with the employ of Machine Learning and the advance of deep learning approaches. The literature is summarized from four aspects:  sensors types, applications, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models, results and challenges.
O mundo necessita de poesia: a lírica e a sociedade na obra de Gilka Machado
Authors: Grando Diego , Maffeis Juliana
Published: February 2022

Analisamos o sujeito lírico na obra de Gilka Machado em dois momentos: nos poemas “Ser mulher...”, publicado em sua obra de estreia, Cristais partidos, de 1915, e “O mundo necessita de poesia”, que integra sua última obra, Sublimação, de 1938. Ao observarmos as relações pertinentes entre lírica e sociedade, exploramos as questões sociais e estéticas que orientaram a trajetória da poeta. Dessa forma, ampliamos a pesquisa sobre a obra de Gilka Machado, contribuindo para o resgate da poeta na história da literatura brasileira.
"A Uma Passante" de Charles Baudelaire: os três tempos da imagem
Authors: Vilarino Júnior
Published: February 2022

No soneto “A Uma Passante”, a descrição pictural ocorre em três tempos: o relato do instante da captura do objeto, a descrição da forma e a reflexão acerca da contingência da visão enquanto vivência e da sua rememoração no tempo da literatura. Considera-se o intertexto implícito entre o soneto e o ensaio O pintor da vida moderna, aventando-se a hipótese de que tais tempos constituem uma iconologia que tanto se dedica a descrever a imagem quanto a refletir sobre sua relação com a temporalidade moderna. Recorre-se às considerações de Liliane Louvel sobre a descrição pictural e à imagem-conceito apercebenca de Didi-Huberman.
EFEKTIVITAS PERKULIAHAN ONLINE PADA MATA KULIAH MATEMATIKA
Authors: Damayanti Julia , Kuswanda Giraldi Fardiaz
Published: February 2022

Perkuliahan online merupakan solusi perkuliahan di era pandemi COVID-19. Akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya banyak permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh dosen dan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas perkuliahan secara online pada mata kuliah Matematika di program studi Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan Universitas Trisakti berdasarkan persepsi mahasiswa. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 168 orang mahasiswa yang mengambil matakuliah Matematika1. Sampel mahasiswa diberi kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya dan disusun dalam bentuk Google Form. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan penelitian ini adalah metode Likert scale survey. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa setuju bahwa pelaksanaan perkuliahan online dapat diakses dengan mudah. Meskipun mahasiswa puas bahwa materi Matematika yang disajikan dalam papan tulis virtual membuat diskusi yang berlangsung didalam perkuliahan online membangkitkan minat, tetapi mahasiswa merasa kurang puas dengan pembelajaran matematika secara online. Hal ini disebabkan karena mahasiswa merasa kesulitan untuk berinteraksi dan berdiskusi dengan teman-teman nya untuk menyelesaikan makalah/ tugas-tugas yang diberikan oleh dosen
Uma análise acerca da colangite esclerosante primária: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Marins Thales Montela , Silva Leandro Henrique Varella , Martins Pedro Henrique Pinto , Corrêa Marianna da Cunha , Santos Maria Thereza Castilho dos , Oliveira Aline de Jesus , Sarmento Phelipe Von Der Heide , Sousa Marianna Ramalho de , Dantas Cristina Maria Monteiro , Ferraz Adriana Rodrigues
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Analisar as novas informações acerca da Colangite Esclerosante Primária (CEP). Revisão bibliográfica: A CEP é uma doença colestática crônica rara e multifatorial de etiologia autoimune com patogenia ainda desconhecida. Caracteriza-se por lesões crônicas dos canalículos biliares de grandes e pequenos calibres que promovem áreas de estenoses e tortuosidades na árvore biliar. As manifestações clínicas da CEP se correlacionam com o grau de inflamação, fibrose e destruição dos ductos biliares, sendo em seus estágios iniciais assintomática. O diagnóstico é realizado a partir da investigação e exclusão de causas infecciosas, inflamatórias ou tóxicas que possam estar provocando alterações séricas e radiológicas nos exames hepáticos de rotina. O transplante hepático é a terapia mais eficiente para reduzir a mortalidade e em alguns casos alcançar a cura da doença. Considerações finais: Até que novas terapias sejam desenvolvidas, os conhecimentos dos profissionais de saúde acerca da doença e de seu diagnóstico precoce, o acompanhamento contínuo, a prevenção e o tratamento das possíveis complicações permanecem como uma das principais medidas para prolongar a sobrevida dos pacientes até a realização do transplante de fígado.
Establishing a long-term Tidal Water Elevation for Thane City, India
Authors: Pujari S.S. , Wayal A.S.
Published: February 2022

Future extreme tide levels and flood risk along the coastal region will be impacted strongly by climate change. Flooding in urban areas is a big challenge affecting coastal cities worldwide due to heavy rainfall coupled with high tides. The key factor in the design and planning of coastal town drainage systems is the selection of appropriate tide levels at drainage outfall location. The present study aims to define the long-term tidal water level for Thane city, India and this level will perform effectively under current and future tidal water conditions. The present study uses the observed tidal data from 2009 to 2018 about Thane Salt Bundar tide gauge station and Kasheli Bridge tide gauge station. Initially, the tidal levels are defined for various tidal phases using the fundamental statistical analysis method, the trend of tide level analysed by the linear regression model and then Gumbel's extreme value type I (EV-I) distribution method used to define the long-term tide levels for different return periods. The obtained results indicate that the tidal level may rise by 300 mm at Thane salt bundar and 270 mm at Kasheli bridge. The long-term tidal level at Thane salt Bundar may increase 3.3m and 2.3 m at Kasheli bridge. Established long-term tidal levels give good results under climate change conditions and can be safer for avoiding flood risk and improving the drainage outfall design for Thane city.
Flood Risk Mapping using integrated fuzzy membership and Analytical Hierarchy Process at Sarpang district in Bhutan
Authors: . Thongley , Vansarochana C. , Wangmo D. , Tenzin J. , Choki T.
Published: February 2022

Flood risk mapping is a preliminary step to evaluate the flood risk of an area. This study aimed at developing a flood risk map (FRM) at Sarpang district in Bhutan using integrated fuzzy membership and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). A total of 110 flood points were identified during flood inventory which is divided into a training dataset (70%) and validation dataset (30%). The fuzzy membership was used to reclassify factors which were calculated from the frequency ratio. The AHP was used to calculate the weight of the factors. The weighted reclassified factors were added to form the FRM. The FRM was validated using the accuracy and Kappa index. The accuracy shows the proportion of correctly classified flood and non-flood pixels while Kappa index shows the reliability of the model used. The accuracy is 89.39% indicating good result from the generated FRM. The Kappa index value 0.7879 falls under the substantial reliability category of the model. The result of FRM is expected to guide for the purpose of decision-making and planning in the future.
The contribution of GIS and remote Sensing for mapping fracture networks in the northern border western High Atlas Mafrrakech (Morocco)
Authors: Idir EL Konty , Ahmed Algouti , Abdellah Algouti , Fatiha Hadach
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this work is to test the use of Landsat Oli Tirs imagery for structural identification in the region of the Aït Ourir basins (High Western Atlas). Different processing techniques were used (color composites, band ratios, principal component analysis and directional filters) which provide an excellent discrimination between the different lithological formations and helped us to establish lineament mapping. The results were validated with the fieldwork and bibliography that are essential in any study based on remote sensing. Finally, a lithostructural map of the study area was established on the basis of the results obtained in this work.
Ultrastructural effects of ethyl acetate extract of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 on foodborne bacterium
Authors: Mat Jalil Mohd Taufiq , Ibrahim Darah
Published: February 2022

The antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 isolated from the leaf of Ocimum sanctum Linn. was studied and tested against foodborne bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica. The extract exhibited favourable antibacterial activity with the zone of inhibition as 20.1±0.6 mm. On the other hand, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL respectively. The extract exerted bactericidal effect against the test bacterium since the MBC/MIC ratio is less than 4. The time-kill study of the extract against the test bacterium suggested that the extract possessed antibacterial properties at higher concentrations and eradicated the growth of bacterial cells. The SEM and TEM observations revealed that several abnormalities occurred on the treated cells including irregular shape, cell’s leakage, shrunken and crumpled cells which resulted in cell death. Therefore, the present study suggested that the ethyl acetate extract of L. pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 could be an effective antibacterial agent to combat foodborne pathogens.
Synthesis, charactrization and studies on biological activity of vanadium metal complexes derived from novel Salens
Authors: Lad Manoj N. , Patil R.M. , Sathe G.B. , Yamgar B.A.
Published: February 2022

A new series of vanadium metal complexes was synthesized by reacting vanadyl sulphate with various hydrazone derivatives which were synthesized11 by condensation of 2-Hydroxy benzoyl hydrazide with different aldehydes viz. salicylaldehyde, 5-bromo salicylaldehyde, 5-chloro salicylaldehyde, 5-methoxy salicylaldehyde and 5-hydroxy salicylaldehyde. The vanadium metal complexes were characterized by using various physico-chemical techniques such as elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, electronic absorption, IR, XRD analysis and TG analysis. The vanadium metal complexes biological activity against some bacteria and fungai was also studied.
Searching for a plant species having a potent bioherbicide using in silico approach
Authors: Yongpisanphop J.
Published: February 2022

Toxic herbicide residue in the environment is one of the most important problems in the world, especially in the agricultural country. To solve this problem, an effectively new bioherbicide needs to be discovered urgently. This motivated to search the novel bioherbicide. In silico technique has been accepted as a promising tool to discover new active compounds. Based on 2D structural similarity, 18 new natural compounds were obtained from the KNApSAcK database. Among the structural leads, 12 natural phyto-compounds were selected to calculate the lowest free energy of binding value using molecular docking. Comp_7 and Comp_10 showed the lowest free energy of binding -7.84 and -7.43 kcal/mol respectively which were similar to glyphosate (-8.49 kcal/mol). Based on the binding interaction using ProteinsPlus program, a natural phyto-compound (Comp_7: L-2- Aminoadipate) was identified as a potential bioherbicide. It could be found in Medicago sativa L. Significantly, this procedure becomes a high powerful tool to increase the probability to discover the new potent bioherbicide and identify the plant host species for weed control. Moreover, M. sativa should be extracted to test the property of weed control for further study.
Predicting pre-trial detention outcomes in the Brazilian Supreme Court
Authors: Dal Pont Thiago Raulino , Sabo Isabela Cristina , Vigneaux Wilton Pablo Ernesto , de Menezes Victor Araújo , Copetti Rafael , Zambrota Luciano , Martins Pablo Procopio , Costa Edjandir Correa , Schnitzler Edimeia Liliani , Santos Paloma Maria , Cunha Rodrigo Rafael , Kaster Gerson Bovi , Rover Aires Jose
Published: February 2022

Brazil has a large prison population, which places it as the third country in the world with the most incarceration rate. In addition, the criminal caseload is increasing in Brazilian Judiciary, which is encouraging AI usage to advance in e-Justice. Within this context, the paper presents a case study with a dataset composed of 2,200 judgments from the Supreme Federal Court (STF) about pre-trial detention. These are cases in which a provisional prisoner requests for freedom through habeas corpus. We applied Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to predict whether STF will release or not the provisional prisoner (text classification), and also to find a reliable association between the judgment outcome and the prisoners' crime and/or the judge responsible for the case (association rules). We obtained satisfactory results in both tasks. Classification results show that, among the models used, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is the best, with 95% accuracy and 0.91 F1-Score. Association results indicate that, among the rules generated, there is a high probability of drug law crimes leading to a dismissed habeas corpus (which means the maintenance of pre-trial detention). We concluded that STF has not interfered in first degree decisions about pre-trial detention and that it is necessary to discuss drug criminalization in Brazil. The main contribution of the paper is to provide models that can support judges and pre-trial detainees.
Practical quantum key agreement protocol based on BB84
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhang Rui , Sun Zhiwei
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we exhibit a practical quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol and give an analysis of its security. More precisely, we employ the hash function to prevent participants from cheating, so as to achieve the purpose of determining the key fairly by both participants. Our protocol is therefore computationally secure against internal attacks while still providing unconditional security against eavesdropping attacks. The quantum part of our protocol is similar to BB84, so it is simple to implement and has a wide range of applications.
Imaging Orientation of a Single Molecular Hierarchical Self-Assembled Sheet: The Combined Power of a Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Microscopy and Neural Network
Authors: Wagner Jackson , Wu Zishan , Xiong Wei
Published: February 2022

In this work, we determined the tilt angles of molecular units in hierarchical self-assembled materials on a single-sheet level, which were not available previously. This was achieved by developing a fast linescanning vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) hyperspectral imaging technique in combination with neural network analysis. Rapid VSFG imaging enables polarization resolved images on a single sheet level to be measured within a short time period, circumventing technical challenges due to long term optical setup instability. The polarization resolved hyperspectral images were then used to extract the supramolecular tilt angle of a self-assembly through a set of spectra-tilt angle relationships which were solved through neural network techniques. This unique combination of both novel techniques offers a new pathway to resolve molecular level structural knowledge of self-assembled materials. Understanding these properties can further drive self-assembly design from a bottom-up approach for applications in biomimetic and drug delivery researches.
DIMENSI TRANSENDENSI DALAM NOVEL BUMI CINTA KARYA HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY
Authors: Fatmawati NFN , Andayani NFN , Suhita Raheni
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe the dimension of transcendence in the Bumi Cinta novel by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. The data of this research are sentences from the Bumi Cinta novel text which contains a transcendence dimension. The identification of the text of the transcendence dimension, giving meaning, as well as careful exploration of the meaning is carried out using the hermeneutic method. The results of the research are as follows: First, there are three elements of transcendence in the Bumi Cinta novel, namely (1) recognition of human dependence on God seen from worship rituals in the form of prayer and remembrance, (2) there is an absolute difference between God and humans, and (3) the acknowledgment of absolute norms from God that do not come from human reason. Second, the transcendence dimension as the basis for humanization and liberation activities.Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dimensi transendensi dalam novel Bumi Cinta karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy. Data penelitian ini ialah kalimat-kalimat dari teks novel Bumi Cinta yang mengandung dimensi transendensi. Pengidentifikasian teks dimensi transendensi, pemberian makna, serta penggalian cermat atas makna  dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode hermeneutika. Hasil penelitiannya ialah sebagai berikut: Pertama, terdapat tiga unsur transendensi dalam novel Bumi Cinta, yakni (1) pengakuan tentang ketergantungan manusia pada Tuhan dilihat dari ritual ibadah dalam bentuk doa dan zikir, (2) ada perbedaan mutlak antara Tuhan dan manusia, dan (3) pengakuan adanya norma-norma mutlak dari Tuhan yang tidak berasal dari akal manusia. Kedua, dimensi transendensi sebagai dasar kegiatan humanisasi dan liberasi.
UNSUR BUDAYA DAN NILAI MORAL DALAM CERITA RAKYAT KOMERING SEHARUK: SEBUAH TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Sunarti Iing , Febriyanto Dedi , Widodo Mulyanto
Published: February 2022

This study aims to explore and describe the cultural elements and moral values contained in the Komering Seharuk folklore. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with a sociological literature approach. The research data source is in the form of Komering Seharuk folklore written by Usman Nurdin. Through these data sources, research data is obtained in the form of sentence quotations collected through the reading-note technique. The analysis of the research data was carried out using content analysis techniques. The results showed that the Komering Seharuk folklore contains elements of Komering culture and quite diverse moral values. The Komering cultural elements in question include; (1) the use of the Komering language, (2) the adoption of the Komering Umbai Akas folk song, (3) the background of the Komering river as one of the cultural sources of the Komering people, and (4) Tala Balak which is used as a means of destroying the tyranny of the authorities. The moral values in question include; (1) obedience, (2) wisdom, (3) willingness to take responsibility, (4) hard work, (5) religiosity, (6)optimism, (7)  social care, and (8) peace-loving. The cultural elements and moral values contained in the folklore of Komering Seharuk can be used as a motivational guide for social life.Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali dan mendeskripsikan unsur budaya dan nilai moral yang terkandung dalam cerita rakyat Komering Seharuk. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Sumber data penelitian berupa cerita rakyat Komering Seharuk yang ditulis oleh Usman Nurdin. Melalui sumber data tersebut diperoleh data penelitian berwujud kutipan kalimat yang dikumpulkan melalui teknik baca-catat. Adapun analisis terhadap data penelitian dilakukan menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cerita rakyat Komering Seharuk mengandung unsur budaya Komering dan nilai moral yang cukup beragam. Unsur budaya Komering yang dimaksud meliputi; (1) penggunaan bahasa Komering, (2) pengangkatan lagu daerah Komering Umbai Akas, (3) latar Sungai Komering sebagai salah satu sumber kebudayaan masyarakat Komering, dan (4) Tala Balak yang digunakan sebagai sarana penghancur kelaliman penguasa. Adapun nilai-nilai moral yang dimaksud meliputi; (1) kepatuhan, (2) kebijaksanaan, (3) kesediaan bertanggung jawab, (4) bekerja keras, (5) religiusitas, (6) optimisme,  (7) peduli sosial, dan (8) cinta damai. Unsur budaya dan nilai moral yang terkandung di dalam cerita rakyat Komering Seharuk dapat dijadikan salah satu pedoman dan motivasi dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat.
Degradation of arouser by endosomal microautophagy is essential for adaptation to starvation in Drosophila
Authors: Jacomin Anne-Claire , Gohel Raksha , Hussain Zunoon , Varga Agnes , Maruzs Tamas , Eddison Mark , Sica Margaux , Jain Ashish , Moffat Kevin G , Johansen Terje , Jenny Andreas , Juhasz Gabor , Nezis Ioannis P
Published: February 2022

Hunger drives food-seeking behaviour and controls adaptation of organisms to nutrient availability and energy stores. Lipids constitute an essential source of energy in the cell that can be mobilised during fasting by autophagy. Selective degradation of proteins by autophagy is made possible essentially by the presence of LIR and KFERQ-like motifs. Using in silico screening of Drosophila proteins that contain KFERQ-like motifs, we identified and characterized the adaptor protein Arouser, which functions to regulate fat storage and mobilisation and is essential during periods of food deprivation. We show that hypomorphic arouser mutants are not satiated, are more sensitive to food deprivation, and are more aggressive, suggesting an essential role for Arouser in the coordination of metabolism and food-related behaviour. Our analysis shows that Arouser functions in the fat body through nutrient-related signalling pathways and is degraded by endosomal microautophagy. Arouser degradation occurs during feeding conditions, whereas its stabilisation during non-feeding periods is essential for resistance to starvation and survival. In summary, our data describe a novel role for endosomal microautophagy in energy homeostasis, by the degradation of the signalling regulatory protein Arouser.
About the Age and Place of the Upper Paleolithic Site Vesna in the Paleolithic of the South of Middle Siberia
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Molchanov D. N. , Peskov S. A. ,   Center for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Irkutsk Region, Sterkhova I. V. ,   Service for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of the Irkutsk Region, Klementyev A. M. ,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS
Published: February 2022

In the archaeology, the problem of the transition from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic is considered as one of the key problems. This article presents the study results of the Vesna site (initial stage of the Upper Paleolithic), located in the south of Middle Siberia on the territory of Irkutsk amphitheater in the lower reaches of the Kuda river. Lithic industry of the Vesna site is based on the use of platy mudstone and is characterized by the blade production of within the of plain longitudinal and by-longitudinal knapping. The tool set of the assemblage contains both Middle and Upper Paleolithic types of tools. The tools on the blades are predominant in this assemblage. Radiocarbon data obtained in different laboratories using the AMS method show the dates 46,700±3400, 43,300±1700, and 40,600±1300 BP. They indicate the Early and Middle Karginian age of this archaeological complex. New finds obtained in 2018 expand our understanding of the industry of Vesna site. Among the finds, tools with a flattened base stand out, which indicates the possible use by the inhabitants of the site of composite tools and, possibly, weapons. In general, the Vesna assemblage finds its analogues with industries from the Arembovskii and the Aksenov sites, also situated in the Irkutsk amphitheater, which are based on similar mudstone raw materials. Their age was previously determined by the final of MIS 3, with certain reservations. Our studies indicate the earliest time of the appearance of the carriers of these industries on the territory of the Irkutsk amphitheater and the Southern Angara region. This reasonably raises the question of the time of their existence in this area. Based on the totality of data, it can be argued that, in general, in the south of Middle Siberia, the industry of the Vesna complex shows the greatest similarity with the materials of the reference Upper Paleolithic site in region – Makarovo 4, the age of which, based on the analysis of stratigraphy (by the author of the excavations M. P. Aksenov), was estimated within the first half of MIS 3. The issue of the timeframe of the appearance and spread of Upper Paleolithic industries in Eurasia is in this case a general issue. This highlights the importance of its regional aspects, one of which is discussed in this article.
Utility of 2D Video Analysis for Assessing Frontal Plane Trunk and Pelvis Motion during Stepping, Landing, and Change in Direction Tasks: A Validity Study
Authors: Straub Rachel K , Powers Christopher M
Published: February 2022

Background

Excessive frontal plane motion of the trunk and/or pelvis has been implicated in numerous clinical conditions. To date, it is unclear whether 2D video is an appropriate surrogate for assessing frontal plane trunk and pelvis motion as a comprehensive validity study across a wide range of movements using a consistent methodology has not been performed.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of the current study was to assess the concurrent validity and agreement of frontal plane pelvis and trunk motion obtained with 2D video against the respective 3D angles during stepping, landing, and change in direction tasks.

Design

Crossover Study Design.

Methods

3D kinematics and 2D frontal plane video were obtained from 39 healthy participants (15 males and 24 females) during five athletic tasks (step down, lateral shuffle, deceleration, triple hop, side-step-cut). Data were extracted at peak knee flexion. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to assess the association between the 2D and 3D frontal plane angles at the trunk and pelvis. Bland Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement between the 2D and 3D frontal plane angles at the trunk and pelvis.

Results

2D and 3D frontal plane angles for all tasks were correlated in a positive direction at the pelvis (r = 0.54 to 0.73, all p < 0.001) and trunk (r = 0.81 to 0.92, all p < 0.001). Absolute agreement in the frontal plane for all tasks and angles was below 5°. However, the 95% limits of agreement across tasks ranged from -12.8° to 21.3° for the pelvis and -11.8° to 9.4° for the trunk.

Conclusions

The use of 2D video to assess frontal plane trunk and pelvis motion is appropriate during stepping, landing, and change of direction tasks, however caution is advised when high levels of agreement or accuracy is required.
Limb Dominance Does Not Affect Y-Balance Test Performance in Non-Athlete Adolescents
Authors: Stoddard Carissa A. , Wang-Price Sharon , Lam Satoko E.
Published: February 2022

Background

The Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ) has been shown to be reliable for assessing dynamic balance in children and adolescents. However, limited research is available about the effects of leg dominance on YBT-LQ performance in adolescents. In addition, there is no consensus on the use of maximum reach or mean reach distance being a better measure of YBT-LQ performance.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purposes of this study were to determine if there is a difference in the YBT-LQ performance between the dominant and non-dominant limbs in non-athlete adolescents, and to compare the reliability of the maximum reach scores to that of the mean reach scores in this population.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study

Methods

Twenty-six healthy non-athlete adolescents (13.6 ± 1.0 years, 22 girls, 4 boys) performed the YBT-LQ on two separate days while the same investigator scored their performance. Paired t-tests were used to compare reach distances on dominant and non-dominate stance limbs. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1) were calculated for the maximum and mean reach distances for three directions (anterior, posterolateral, posteromedial) and the composite scores on each limb.

Results

There was no significant difference in YBT-LQ performance between dominant and non-dominant stance limbs (p > 0.05). Overall, the between-day intra-rater reliability for maximum reach and mean reach scores was moderate-to-good for both limbs (ICC3,1 = 0.59 - 0.83), but was poor for the composite score on the dominant limb (ICC3,1 = 0.42) and maximum anterior reach on non-dominant limb (ICC3,1 = 0.48).

Conclusion

Limb dominance does not seem to be a factor for YBT-LQ performance in this population. The YBT-LQ appears to be a reliable tool for dynamic balance assessment in non-athlete adolescents using the individual score of each direction. The use of mean reach measures seems to slightly improve reliability, specifically the anterior reach direction, in this population.

Level of Evidence

Level 2b