bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meiotic progression of isolated mouse spermatocytes under simulated microgravity
Authors: Di Agostino Silvia , Botti Flavia , Di Carlo Anna , Sette Claudio , Geremia Raffaele
Published: July 2004

Progression through the prophase of the first meiotic division can be obtained in culture by treatment of mouse spermatocytes with the serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Chromosome condensation during this G2/M transition involves the activation of the MAPK pathway, which causes the activation of Nek2 and the phosphorylation of the chromatin architectural protein Hmga2. In an effort to set up conditions to allow a spontaneous progression of mouse spermatocytes through meiosis, we have investigated the cell-cycle features of these cells cultured for 24 h with a rotary cell culture system in a humidified atmosphere in a thermostatic incubator to simulate a microgravity environment. Morphological analysis of nuclear squashes indicated a 2-fold increase in late-pachytene spermatocytes with highly condensed chromosomes, and a contemporaneous decrease of mid-pachytene cells with less condensed chromatin. Microgravity induced a 2-fold activation of the cyclinB–cdc2 complex, confirming at the molecular level that cell-cycle progression had occurred. Moreover, using immuno-kinase assays with specific substrates we have demonstrated that the meiotic progression obtained under microgravity conditions is accompanied by activation of the Erk1/p90Rsk2 pathway. These data indicated that activation of the MAPK pathway correlates with chromatin condensation even under conditions in which meiotic progression occurs spontaneously and is not induced by a drug. We suggest that culture under microgravity conditions might help to release the block that inhibits isolated spermatocytes from progressing through prophase at unit gravity, and to study the physiological events of germ cell differentiationin vitro.
Intra-pituitary regulation of gonadotrophs in male rodents and primates
Authors: Winters Stephen J , Moore Joseph P
Published: July 2004

Paracrine and autocrine regulation is well established in many organs including the gonads, but the notion of communication among pituitary cells is a relatively new concept. The FSH-β and GnRH-receptor genes are up-regulated by pituitary activin and down-regulated by pituitary follistatin, and circulating inhibin disrupts this local regulation by functioning as an endogenous competitor of the activin receptor. Activin and follistatin production by folliculostellate cells may play a central role in these responses. α-Subunit expression is maintained at high levels in the absence of GnRH through unknown mechanisms. There is evidence that the intra-pituitary regulation of FSH-β and GnRH-receptor gene expression may activate pubertal maturation in male rats. Finally, there are marked differences in follistatin expression and its regulation by GnRH and androgens in male primates and rats that appear to explain species differences in the differential secretion of FSH and LH, although the physiological significance of these differences is not yet known.
Case Studies of Action Research in Various Adult Education Settings
Authors: Kuhne Gary W. , Weirauch Drucie , Fetterman David J. , Mearns Raiana M. , Kalinosky Kathy , Cegles Kathleen A. , Ritchey Linda
Published: July 2004

Examples of action research in six different adult education settings—a museum, a church, a prison, a homeless shelter, a university, and a hospital— are presented by adult education practitioners.
“A Condition That Is Not Yet”: Reactions, Reflections, and Closing Comments
Authors: Quigley B. Allan , Kuhne Gary W.
Published: July 2004

The editors reply to John Peters and provide a conclusion.
Transformative Learning: Theory to Practice
Authors: Mezirow Jack
Published: July 2004

Critical and autonomous thinking must take precedence over the uncritical
assimilation of knowledge. Transformative learning is a route to the development
of critical thinking.
Of Writing, Imagination, and Dialogue: A Transformative Experience
Authors: Clark Janice E.
Published: July 2004

Using our voice, expressing ourselves through writing, and allowing our
imaginative spirit to lead us to new perspectives are intertwining strands in
a transformative experience.
Becoming a Faculty Developer
Authors: Wilcox Susan
Published: July 2004

How do we “become” our profession? It is not simply a matter of acquiring
the body of knowledge of the discipline but rather a personal transition
and journey.
Transformative Learning in Adult Second Language Learning
Authors: Foster Ellen
Published: July 2004

There is more to learning a second language than memorizing the grammar
book and acquiring a vocabulary. We represent our self and our culture
through language. When a holistic approach is taken to second language
learning, transformative learning can occur.
Nurturing Soul in Adult Learning
Authors: Dirkx John M.
Published: July 2004

There is more to transformative learning than a cognitive rational process
of critical reflection. The soul of the learner must be nurtured in order to
reach deeper levels of change and development.
The Many Facets of Transformative Learning Theory and Practice
Authors: Grabove Valerie
Published: July 2004

Transformative learning can be rational or extrarational. It can be a personal
story or a social change. Transformative learning takes place in classrooms,
in private struggles, and in self‐directed groups.
Principles for Assessment of Adult Learning
Authors: Kasworm Carol E. , Marienau Catherine A.
Published: July 2004

The authors offer five principles of adult‐oriented assessment based on commonly held premises of adult learning, and include examples of good practice in higher education and other sectors.
Assessing Critical Thinking
Authors: Brookfield Stephen D.
Published: July 2004

The author discusses the process of critical thinking and his belief that it is social process, then offers three locally grounded strategies for assessing critical thinking: experiential, behavioral, and conversational.
Multicultural Approaches to Portfolio Development
Authors: Michelson Elana
Published: July 2004

The author contends that assessment of prior learning is based largely on Western academic assumptions about objective, universal knowledge. She explores efforts in New Zealand and Ontario, Canada, to assess knowledge that is embedded in specific cultural and ethnic contexts and that challenges current definitions of accreditable learning.
A Model for Developing an Outcomes Assessment Plan: The Regents College Outcomes Assessment Framework
Authors: Peinovich Paula E. , Nesler Mitchell S. , Thomas Todd S.
Published: July 2004

Based on a multiple measures approach to assessing institutional effectiveness,
the outcomes framework described in this chapter also serves as the
basis for continuous improvement of academic programs and services for
adult learners.
Assessing Workplace Learning: New Trends and Possibilities
Authors: Inman Patricia L. , Vernon Sally
Published: July 2004

Current issues relating to workplace learning are explored and several innovative
approaches are presented.
Beyond Transfer of Training: Using Multiple Lenses to Assess Community Education Programs
Authors: Ottoson Judith M.
Published: July 2004

The transfer of learning to the workplace continues to be an issue of concern
to trainers and educators in all venues; in this chapter the author explains
the benefits of using multiple lenses to assess training effectiveness.
Assessment Themes and Issues
Authors: Rose Amy D. , Leahy Meredyth A.
Published: July 2004

The themes and issues that emerged in the previous chapters are reviewed
and analyzed, and the implications for future trends in assessment are
considered.
Residential Workshops
Authors: Bersch Gretchen , Anderson Fleming Jean
Published: July 2004

The power and magic of residential workshops may arise from the continuous
detachment made possible by this unique and complex educational
format.
Workshop Evaluation: Old Myths and New Wisdom
Authors: Andrews Grover J.
Published: July 2004

The trend of stakeholders demanding evaluations that provide data and
feedback specific to their needs places evaluation at the heart of the planning
process.
Confessions of a Workshop‐aholic
Authors: Hentschel Doe
Published: July 2004

The author looks at planning and facilitating workshops in real life and
reacts to the major concepts discussed in previous chapters.
Process Stability in Serial Production of Aluminium Foam Panels and 3D Parts
Authors: Schäffler P. , Rajner W.
Published: July 2004

Powder Metallurgy (PM) technology is emerging as one of the most promising techniques for the manufacture of net shape components and panels of aluminium foam. Control of the stability of the aluminium foaming process is one of the key issues in a serial production. Since there are many different parameters to be controlled in the raw material, the precursor and the finished foam part, the best solution is to keep all these factors in one centre of competence to exclude external influences and transporting problems. The latest material for the foaming tools plays also a decisive role concerning a high surface quality and a constant heat generation within the foam. New developments such as a precursor testing equipment or a foaming optimized furnace construction guarantees constant production conditions to be equipped for a more and more demanding market.
CVD Technique for Inco Nickel Foam Production
Authors: Paserin V. , Marcuson S. , Shu J. , Wilkinson D.S.
Published: July 2004

In this paper, the capability of the CVD technique to produce uniform foams of different properties, with cell size ranging from ∼ 450 to ∼ 3200 μm, porosity from ∼ 70 to ∼ 98 %, and nominal thickness up to 3 mm is presented. In addition to the established application as a battery electrode material, some other potential capabilities and applications are explored.
Real‐time X‐ray Radioscopy on Metallic Foams Using a Compact Micro‐Focus Source
Authors: García Moreno F. , Fromme M. , Banhart J.
Published: July 2004

A measurement apparatus for observing the foaming of metals is described. It consists of a microfocus X‐ray source, a small heater and a panel detector. The foaming of samples can be recorded in real‐time with frequencies up to 9 Hz and resolutions down to 5 μm due to the small spot size. Magnifications up to 10x are obtained by simply changing the distance between source, sample and detector. Foaming of Al alloys and sandwiches was investigated applying different final foaming temperatures, heating rates and blowing agent pre‐treatments. An image analysis program was developed to automatically recognise the foam expansion.
The Role of Oxidation in Blowing Particle‐Stabilised Aluminium Foams
Authors: Babcsán N. , Leitlmeier D. , Degischer H.P. , Banhart J.
Published: July 2004

Metal foams were produced by blowing gas into aluminium alloy melts. The effect of oxygen content of the blowing gas on composition and structure of the inner surface of the foam cells is studied by varying gas composition from argon, nitrogen and air to pure oxygen. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Auger Electron Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy are used to analyse the surfaces. Initially particle‐free melts are pre‐treated by bubbling air through them after which a certain degree of foam stability is achieved. The oxidation products are characterised by microscopy on such foams.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of AFS Sandwiches Studied by in‐situ Compression Tests in X‐ray Microtomography
Authors: Salvo L. , Belestin P. , Maire E. , Jacquesson M. , Vecchionacci C. , Boller E. , Bornert M. , Doumalin P.
Published: July 2004

Al foam core / Al alloy skins sandwiches have potential for application in light weight structures. Recently, the foaming processes have improved and large, thick and 3D‐shape panels can be produced using the precursor technology. The microstructure of an AFS sandwich is analysed in this paper at a microscale and a mesoscale using X‐ray tomography and conventional SEM analysis. The main deformation mechanism of the core under compression is also studied thanks to in situ test. It is shown that the foam first present plastic buckling and then walls rupture. This is well correlated to the microstructure of the constitutive material of the core.
The Collapse Response of Sandwich Beams with Aluminium Face Sheets and a Metal Foam Core
Authors: Tagarielli V.L. , Fleck N.A. , Deshpande V.S.
Published: July 2004

Plastic collapse modes of simply supported and clamped sandwich beams have been investigated experimentally and theoretically, for aluminium face sheets and Alporas foam core. The effect of clamped boundary conditions is to induce axial stretching after the initial yield mechanism. Hence, face sheet ductility dictates the level of energy absorption of the beam. Numerical and analytical predictions are validated by the available experimental evidence.
Tensile Behaviour of Replicated Aluminium Foams
Authors: Despois J.‐F. , Conde Y. , San Marchi C. , Mortensen A.
Published: July 2004

The replication process is used to produce open‐cell 99.99 % pure aluminium foams of controlled pore diameter and solid volume fraction; each parameter is varied respectively from 40 to 400 μm and 10 to 30 vol. pct. The foam tensile behaviour is consistent with the small‐strain compressive behaviour and shows a significant dependence on pore size.
Intermolecular interaction studies of winter flounder antifreeze protein reveal the existence of thermally accessible binding state
Authors: Nguyen Dat H. , Colvin Michael E. , Yeh Yin , Feeney Robert E. , Fink William H.
Published: July 2004

The physical nature underlying intermolecular interactions between two rod‐like winter flounder antifreeze protein (AFP) molecules and their implication for the mechanism of antifreeze function are examined in this work using molecular dynamics simulations, augmented with free energy calculations employing a continuum solvation model. The energetics for different modes of interactions of two AFP molecules is examined in both vacuum and aqueous phases along with the water distribution in the region encapsulated by two antiparallel AFP backbones. The results show that in a vacuum two AFP molecules intrinsically attract each other in the antiparallel fashion, where their complementary charge side chains face each other directly. In the aqueous environment, this attraction is counteracted by both screening and entropic effects. Therefore, two nearly energetically degenerate states, an aggregated state and a dissociated state, result as a new aspect of intermolecular interaction in the paradigm for the mechanism of action of AFP. The relevance of these findings to the mechanism of function of freezing inhibition in the context of our work on Antarctic cod antifreeze glycoprotein (Nguyen et al., Biophysical Journal, 2002, Vol. 82, pp. 2892–2905) is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Evolutionary Biology and Chemical Geology: A Timely Marriage
Authors: Cintas Pedro
Published: July 2004

For more than 150 years natural selection has been perceived to be the overwhelming force in evolution. Only in recent decades have we obtained new insights into environmental and physicochemical factors that participate with selection in a synergic way. Far from denying Darwin's theory, such neglected factors put order to the bewildering range of genotypes and morphologies found in living organisms and, more importantly, they place evolution in a planetary context where biology, geology, and chemistry can easily be integrated.
Cytosine Detection by a Fluorescein‐Labeled Probe Containing Base‐Discriminating Fluorescent Nucleobase
Authors: Okamoto Akimitsu , Tanaka Kazuo , Fukuta Tetsuo , Saito Isao
Published: July 2004

We report on a new method for the detection of a base at a specific site in a DNA sequence by monitoring the fluorescence emission of fluorescein. To achieve this goal, we developed a new base‐discriminating fluorescent (BDF) nucleobase, naphthodeazaadenine (NDA). The fluorescence spectrum of the duplex possessing a cytosine base as a complementary base of NDA showed a fluorescence peak at 383 nm when using an excitation wavelength of 350 nm. When the complementary base of NDA was one of the other bases, the fluorescence intensity was very low. The fluorescence emission spectrum of NDA overlapped with the fluorescence excitation spectrum of fluorescein in the wavelength range of 400–500 nm. Thus, we designed FRET‐BDF probes containing NDA as the FRET donor and fluorescein as the acceptor. The interaction of these two fluorophores, which are separated by defined base pairs, allowed an efficient energy transfer that resulted in a dominant fluorescence emission of fluorescein at 520 nm when using an excitation wavelength of 350 nm. Fluorescence emission from FRET‐BDF probes was observed only when the complementary base of NDA is C, thus achieving a clear distinction of a C base on the complementary DNA strand. However, the general utility of our method is limited due to the quenching of the NDA fluorescence by a G/C base pair flanking NDA.
Branches on the α‐C Atom of Cyclosporin A Residue 3 Result in Direct Calcineurin Inhibition and Rapid Cyclophilin 18 Binding
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Raumgrass Ria , Schutkowski Mike , Fischer Gunter
Published: July 2004

It no longer takes two. We report on cyclosporin A (CsA) derivatives that inhibit calcineurin protein phosphatase activity without first forming a binary complex with cyclophilin 18. Furthermore, these derivatives are rapid binding inhibitors for cyclophilin 18, whereas CsA is a slow binding inhibitor.
Cotranslational Incorporation of a Structurally Diverse Series of Proline Analogues in an Escherichia coli Expression System
Authors: Kim Wookhyun , George Anna , Evans Melissa , Conticello Vincent P.
Published: July 2004

A set of Escherichia coli expression strains have been defined that are competent for the incorporation of a structurally diverse series of proline analogues under culture conditions that are compatible with high levels of analogue substitution within a proline‐rich protein substrate. These bacterial strains have been employed to assay the efficacy of incorporation of noncanonical amino acids into a recombinant‐protein test substrate and to create variant polypeptides in which native protein sequences have been globally substituted with imino acid analogues in response to proline codons. We envision that these methods may be used to interrogate the effect of imino acid substitution on protein structure and function and may be particularly informative in the context of structural comparison of a series of modified proteins with respect to the stereoelectronic differences between the incorporated proline analogues.
Mandatory Assessment and Placement: The View from an English Department
Authors: Berger Dorothy M.
Published: July 2004

In the presence of internal and external controversy, the decision to move from a system of open enrollment to a system of mandatory placement is difficult; once the decision is made, implementation
presents its own difficulties.
Structured Versus Laissez‐Faire Open Access: Implementation of a Proactive Strategy
Authors: Fonte Richard
Published: July 2004

This chapter describes an interventionist system implemented by a large suburban community college to respond to underprepared students. Rather than ignoring the problems of underprepared students
and relegating them to second–class status, the college worked at connecting and supporting all students equally to demonstrate that intrusive and interventionist policies need not be punitive.
Community College/High School Feedback and Collaboration: Preventive Measures
Authors: Richey Deborah K. , Mathern Jeanette , O'Shea Carol S. , Pierce Shelby J.
Published: July 2004

This chapter describes a successful collaboration between high school and community college faculty to reduce the need for remediation in the writing of entering community college students. After participating in Ohio's Early English Composition Assessment Program, which addresses access and preparation of students for college, the authors describe the model they used that led to three years of successful collaboration, outline future efforts, and make recommendations.
Financial Aid and the Developmental Student
Authors: Goldstein Michael B.
Published: July 2004

This chapter discusses the requirements and limitations imposed by federal legislation that affects loans, grants, and work opportunities as they apply to students who need remedial/developmental coursework.Special note is made of financial aid considerations regarding students
studying English as a second language and disabled students who need remediation.
Sources and Information About Remedial/Developmental Education Programs
Authors: McKinney Kristen J.
Published: July 2004

This chapter provides an annotated bibliography of materials from the ERIC system that highlight policies, controversies, testing and placement issues, and the effectiveness of remedial/developmental education.
Using Technology to Transform the College
Authors: Ehrmann Stephen C.
Published: July 2004

Many institutions are searching for a unifying vision to guide their investments to support teaching and learning technology. Some hear the insistent calls for innovations that foster“distance learning” and “learning anytime, anywhere for anyone” and wonder if their campuses even have a future. This chapter presents a conceptual model for integrating technology, both high and low, in a way that
supports a transformation of teaching and learning.
Learner‐Centered Strategy for Investments in Technology in Community Colleges
Authors: Bleed Ronald D.
Published: July 2004

This chapter proposes a practical approach to determining where
investments in technology should be made. Research shows that nearly
50 percent of community college students enroll in only the top twentyfive
courses. These courses are the target for increasing access and
flexibility and for reducing costs—for getting the “biggest bang for the
buck.”
Humanizing the Integration of Technology
Authors: Moran Terry J. , Payne Michele
Published: July 2004

What can be accomplished when faculty take responsibility for using technology appropriately and creatively in the classroom? Initiatives under way at Kirkwood Community College suggest positive outcomes
and future possibilities.
Project SYNERGY: An Enduring Collaboration for a Common Cause
Authors: Anandam Kamala
Published: July 2004

This chapter describes a multi–institutional, multiyear collaborative project designed to address the problems associated with underprepared college students. The chapter discusses the technological products and human processes that have come together to set the stage for considering technology integration as an instrument for psychological change.
What Are Community Colleges to Do When Disney and Microsoft Enter the Higher Education and Training Market?
Authors: Doucette Don
Published: July 2004

This chapter argues the need for college planners to prepare for serious competition from for–profit providers by assessing the market niches in which their institutions can successfully compete. The strengths of community colleges lie in their ability to provide learning support
services for learners in their local communities.
Sources and Information: Identifying and Implementing Technologies for Higher Education
Authors: Henriksen Janel Ann Soulé
Published: July 2004

This chapter reviews additional literature and explores themes related to
implementing new technologies on campus.
Organizational Change and the Community College
Authors: Levin John Stewart
Published: July 2004

Organizational change is a complex concept, suggesting various perspectives of organization. For the community college,organizational change can be viewed as a process that defines the identity of the institution.
In Search of Vision and Values: The Minnesota Higher Education Merger
Authors: Wallace Steven
Published: July 2004

A participant–observer reconstructs and explains the emergence of the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system from the merger of three former higher education systems in the state.
An Organizational Response to Welcoming Students of Color
Authors: Laden Berta Vigil
Published: July 2004

The Puente Project is offered as an exemplar of academic and cultural approaches that welcome and socialize Latino students to college while increasing their self‐esteem, persistence, academic success, and
transfer rates.
Lessons from a Long‐Term Collaboration
Authors: Wright Lindsay M. , Middleberg Rona
Published: July 2004

A collaboration between the NYU School of Education and eleven area community
colleges encourages community college students to transfer to NYU.
This chapter reviews lessons learned from the eight‐year partnership.
Creating Structural Change: Best Practices
Authors: Lieberman Janet E.
Published: July 2004

Two innovative programs to reduce attrition and promote student achievement, Middle College and Exploring Transfer, exemplify the best practices involved in community college collaborations with high
schools and four–year institutions.
An Urban Intervention That Works: The Bronx Corridor of Success
Authors: Gillespie Michael C.
Published: July 2004

The Bronx Corridor of Success is a collaborative attempt to promote systemic educational reform in a low–income community. It links schools across all educational sectors with health institutions, social agencies, community organizations, and parents.
The Role of Rural Community Colleges in Expanding Access and Economic Development
Authors: Garza Héctor , Eller Ronald D.
Published: July 2004

Community colleges in rural areas can play a critical role in developing collaborations and relationships that link educational access and economic development.
The Partnership Paradigm: Collaboration and the Community College
Authors: Lundquist Sara , Nixon John S.
Published: July 2004

The community college needs a new partnership paradigm. Central to this paradigm are the modeling of collaborative relationships, an emphasis on student development, the development of community
partnerships, and the creation of new forms of planning and resource allocation.
Building Local Partnerships: Contributions of a National Center
Authors: Schaier‐Peleg Barbara , Donovan Richard A.
Published: July 2004

The national managing partner of a multicity educational reform effort performs a number of roles that support interinstitutional collaboration.
Measurable Outcomes of Workforce Development and the Economic Impact of Attending a North Carolina Community College
Authors: Gracie Larry W.
Published: July 2004

In the early 1990s, attention focused on the role of the North Carolina community college system in workforce development. Efforts were put forth to establish and develop measurable outcomes of successful
workforce training, particularly employment rates, median salary of program completers, and completers' satisfaction with programs and colleges. This chapter presents the latest findings regarding state efforts in economic development and the contributions of community colleges.
Partnering to Identify and Support High‐Wage Programs
Authors: Hutchison Kae R. , Kline Sharon Story , Mandt Carol , Marks Suzanne L.
Published: July 2004

A college describes its use of earnings data and partnerships to develop new high‐wage programs, and identifies issues that emerged in response to a state performance‐funding measure tied to professional/technical graduates earnings.
Institutional Level Implementation: Translating Research into Current Practice
Authors: Carvell Fred , Graham Martha , Piland William E.
Published: July 2004

For half a decade, Southwestern College has attempted to assess its economic impact on its service area in terms of college employment and the expenditures it makes. Thanks to a new statewide information system, the college now incorporates the post‐college earnings of its students as part of a larger picture of economic benefits for the community and its students. This chapter describes how state wage data are converted for local use in college planning, program improvement, and measurement of institutional effectiveness.
Descriptive Analysis of Students' Post‐College Earnings from California Community Colleges
Authors: Laanan Frankie Santos
Published: July 2004

This chapter highlights selected results of the post‐college earnings of students from California community colleges. Specifically, it presents analyses by age group, vocational major, and economic disadvantage,and discusses the methodology and policy implications of the use of earnings data derived from administrative databases.
Sources and Information: Economic Benefits of a Community College Degree
Authors: Foote Elizabeth
Published: July 2004

This chapter provides an annotated bibliography of studies on the economic benefits of a community college degree. It includes national surveys and graduate surveys done at individual colleges.
Assessing the Community College Role in School‐to‐Work Systems
Authors: Bragg Debra D. , Griggs Mildred Barnes
Published: July 2004

Students in community colleges have acquired work‐related learning experiences while pursuing postsecondary education. However, in most cases such learning experiences are neither well documented nor systemically monitored by the community colleges; they should be.
The Art of Articulation: Connecting the Dots
Authors: Just David A. , Adams Dewey A.
Published: July 2004

The purpose of articulation is to create a partnership between high schools, colleges, and business and industry in order to promote a seamless transition for the student from one education experience to another.
The Role Community Colleges Should Play in Job Placement
Authors: Adler Laurel A.
Published: July 2004

This chapter presents two case studies with extensive statistical data on the effectiveness of the partnership approach for student employment.
Workplace Mentoring: Considerations and Exemplary Practices
Authors: Price Carl , Graham Claudia , Hobbs Janet
Published: July 2004

The authors present a model for a workplace mentoring program,including highlights of exemplary plans and an evaluation instrument.
Quality Emphasis on Career Development and Continuous Self‐Improvement
Authors: Green Joe A. , Foley Phyllis A.
Published: July 2004

This chapter presents a no— excuses approach to career development in the community college that connects school— to — work partners with a student — centered focus.
Sources and Information: School‐to‐Work Programming and Initiatives in the United States
Authors: Burstein Matthew
Published: July 2004

This article provides an annotated bibliography of materials from the ERIC system highlighting the role of community colleges in school–to–work initiatives.
The Community College Presidency: Qualities for Success
Authors: Pierce David R. , Pedersen Robert P.
Published: July 2004

Collectively, America's community college presidents have done a remarkable job in serving vital community needs even as they have found it increasingly difficult to secure the necessary resources to accomplish the task. More than any others, three qualities deserve consideration as prerequisites to a successful community college presidency: personal adaptability, role flexibility, and sound judgment.
Orientation and Professional Development of Trustees
Authors: Davis Gary
Published: July 2004

Whether they are appointed or elected, trustees require special skills and a clear understanding of the board's unique responsibilities.Trustees also need reliable resources as they grow in their role. What is the current status of trustee education programs? How can board members be encouraged to study trusteeship? What should a trustee education program cover, and how should it be delivered?.
Board‐President Relations: A Foundation of Trust
Authors: Nielsen Norm , Newton Wayne
Published: July 2004

Trust is the key to positive and productive board–president relations.Just as each community college is different, so is each president and trustee. Build on the foundation of respect and integrity, find the style that is the most successful for the individuals involved, and adapt.
Opportunities and Challenges for Boards in Times of Change
Authors: Martin Montez C.
Published: July 2004

Today, change is the rule, not the exception. In order to deal successfully with change, community college boards must become cohesive, effective teams.
When a Crisis Occurs: A Trustee's Perspective
Authors: Kenney Phyllis Gutierrez
Published: July 2004

Increasingly, when a college faces a crisis it must also face the glare of public scrutiny. Poor leadership during a crisis can be devastating and can cause major changes in day–to–day operations. For the president and the governing board team to function effectively during a time of crisis, the key is planning and management.
At the Millennium
Authors: Gaskin Fred
Published: July 2004

The upcoming millennium provides presidents and trustees with the opportunity to consider the current state of community college governance and its implication for refocusing presidents' and trustees' contributions to their community colleges.
Distance Education as a Catalyst for Changing Teaching in the Community College: Implications for Institutional Policy
Authors: Parisot Arlene H.
Published: July 2004

This chapter examines the variables that affect the adoption or rejection of distance education by community college faculty and proposes a model to support changes in faculty roles required by
the adoption of technology.
Reducing Time‐to‐Degree with Distance Learning: Are We Closer Now Than When We Started?
Authors: Dallet Patrick , Opper John H.
Published: July 2004

This case study describes how one state views technology as a solution to meeting increased demand for higher education from an increasingly diverse student population with a declining proportion of state revenues.
Localizing National Standards for Evaluation of Distance Education: An Example from a Multistate Project
Authors: Sorensen Christine K.
Published: July 2004

This chapter describes a framework for developing evaluation standards for distance education in statewide, multistate, and national systems, and the role of the community college in the evaluation process.
Distance Education and the Community College: From Convention to Vision
Authors: Dillon Connie L. , Cintrón Rosa
Published: July 2004

This chapter analyzes the literature related to distance education in the community college environment, and looks ahead to new areas of inquiry.
A model of knowledge activation and insight in problem solving
Authors: Cronin Matthew A.
Published: July 2004

This article presents a model of insight that offers predictions on how and when insights are likely to occur as an individual solves problems. This model is based on a fundamental trade‐off between the conscious cognition that underlies how people decide among alternatives and the unconscious cognition that underlies insight. I argue that the attention controls how much thought (i.e., knowledge activation) goes to conscious cognition, and whatever activation is left over will go to finding an insight. I validate this model by replicating the common pattern of insight in problem solving (preparation—impasse—incubation—verification). The model implies that 1) one should be able to increase the frequency of insight by lessening the demand for conscious cognition, 2) impasse is not necessary for insight, and 3) incubation time increases if a person engages in any activity with a high demand on attention. Understanding how insight occurs during problem solving provides practical suggestions to make people and groups more creative and innovative; it also provides avenues for future research on the cognitive dynamics of insight. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 17–24, 2004
Examining risk attitudes
Authors: Bergman Margo
Published: July 2004

The existence of risky choices makes the study of attitudes toward risk important. In this article we ask the following questions: Do risk‐neutral preferences maximize utility? Are there other measures of social welfare that can explain risk aversion in society? What effect does evolution have on the distribution of risk attitudes and the measures of social welfare? In a static environment risk‐neutral risk attitudes maximize utilitarian measures of social welfare, and risk‐averse attitudes maximize Rawlsian measures. In a dynamic system agents will tend toward risk, preferring greater affinity for risk when they can accumulate wealth. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 25–30, 2004
Communication and coordination
Authors: Miller John H. , Moser Scott
Published: July 2004

Remarkable levels of coordination are observed among social agents; yet the exact mechanisms by which such agents coordinate are not well understood. Here we examine the role of communication in achieving coordination—in particular, does endowing agents with the ability to communicate lead to more favorable outcomes? To pursue this question we use an adaptive model of strategically communicating agents (Miller et al. J Econ Behav Organ 2002, 47, 179–195) playing the Stag Hunt game. We find that communication plays a key role in the ability of agents to reach and maintain superior coordination. In the absence of communication, agents tend to get trapped at the inferior coordination point. However, once agents reach a particular strategic threshold, sending even a priori meaningless messages serves to increase the likelihood that the population will coordinate on the superior outcome. Although the system spends the majority of its time with well‐coordinated behavior, it is not static—such periods are often punctuated by brief transitions in which the system switches to the alternative coordination point. We analyze the various mechanisms that account for this dynamic behavior and find that there are a few critical pathways by which the system transitions from one coordination point to another. Communication plays a critical, yet short‐lived, role in one key pathway. Our analysis suggests that giving agents the ability to communicate even a priori meaningless messages may promote the emergence of a rich, and often robust, “ecology” of behaviors that allows agents to achieve new, and in this case superior, outcomes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 31–40, 2004
A model of fads, fashions, and group formation
Authors: Tassier Troy
Published: July 2004

I develop a model of consumer behavior where agents purchase goods in order to signify personal characteristics. Agents purchase goods in order to imitate agents similar to them and agents they want to emulate. Depending on parameter values of consumer preferences the model generates stable groups, fads, and fashion cycles, or a mixture of both. The model is unique to the economic literature on fads in that the extinction of fads occurs endogenously in the model. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 51–61, 2004
Activation of apoptosis and caspase‐3 in zebrafish early gastrulae
Authors: Negron Javier F. , Lockshin Richard A.
Published: July 2004

Nonmammalian vertebrate embryos do not manifest apoptosis before gastrulation, and it has been suggested that their cells are inhibited from undergoing apoptosis. To study this interesting possibility, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo is an excellent model. However, the appearance of apoptosis varies among species, and many components of cell death are not highly conserved. To undertake the larger investigation, we first need to document by several criteria that cell death in the zebrafish embryo is apoptotic. Exposure of gastrulating germ‐ring stage embryos to cycloheximide or staurosporine elicits an arrest in development and cell death within 8 hr. Caspase‐3 activity increases, followed by translocation of phosphatidylserine, loss of cell–cell adhesion, cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dNTP‐fluorescein nick end labeling (TUNEL)‐positive nuclei, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and margination, and blebbing of the nuclear membrane. Thus, by many criteria, cell death in zebrafish is apoptotic; many of the markers of apoptosis found in mammals are conserved in zebrafish; and post‐midblastula transition embryos have the capacity to activate a caspase‐dependent apoptotic response well before naturally occurring programmed cell death is seen. Developmental Dynamics 231:161–170, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Right Idea at the Right Time: Development of a Transformational Assessment Culture
Authors: Magruder Jack , McManis Michael A. , Young Candace C.
Published: July 2004

Is a successful assessment program principally a question of technique or institutional culture? At Truman State University, an initially modest commitment to improved student learning transformed an institution and influenced
a national movement.
Ohio University's Multidimensional Institutional Impact and Assessment Plan
Authors: Williford A. Michael
Published: July 2004

This chapter describes Ohio University's transition from curiosity about the institution‐wide impact of assessment on students to program‐ and department‐based assessment for improving teaching, learning, and student services.
An Extended Journey to Assist At‐Risk Students
Authors: Walleri R. Dan , Stoering Juliette M.
Published: July 2004

This chapter analyzes the effect of an evolving organizational culture on a community college's effort to build and sustain an institutional effectiveness program.
Preparing College Faculty
Authors: Gaff Jerry G. , Pruitt‐Logan Anne S.
Published: July 2004

What happens when we really prepare graduate students to become college
professors?
If We Want Things to Stay as They Are, Things Will Have to Change
Authors: LaPidus Jules B.
Published: July 2004

Graduate education is preparation, and it is a changing world for which
graduate students must now prepare.
Minority‐Serving Institutions: An Overview
Authors: O'Brien Eileen M. , Zudak Catherine
Published: July 2004

Understanding the demographic context in which minority‐serving institutions operate, as well as common student and financial characteristics, is important in assessing the educational functions these institutions serve.
Hispanic‐Serving Institutions: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Benítez Margarita
Published: July 2004

Hispanic‐serving institutions are playing an essential role as educators of the nation's fastest‐growing ethnic group, and they represent a potent political force for the future.
Collaboration and Cooperation Among Minority‐Serving Institutions
Authors: Raines Rosario Torres
Published: July 2004

Despite their distinct purposes, minority‐serving institutions have many areas of common interest and concern. This chapter proposes an action agenda for future cooperation and collaboration among these institutions.
Administrative Approaches to Educational Productivity
Authors: Levin Henry M. , Koski William S.
Published: July 2004

Conceptual insights into the phenomenon of rising costs in higher education
can have real‐world applications.
A Cost‐Effectiveness Model for the Assessment of Educational Productivity
Authors: Catterall James S.
Published: July 2004

An educational productivity initiative at Worcester Polytechnic Institute illustrates cost‐effectiveness analysis techniques.
The Subfaculty
Authors: Langenberg Donald N.
Published: July 2004

Central faculty functions of teaching, research, and service are performed
by people who do not hold traditional tenure‐track faculty positions.
Guiding Organizational Change
Authors: Austin Michael J. , Ahearn Frederick L. , English Richard A.
Published: July 2004

Case studies of organizational change and transformation provide a foundation for exploring the different leadership approaches used by professional school deans to promote and nurture change processes.
The Leadership Role of a Dean
Authors: Fagin Claire M.
Published: July 2004

Although there are numerous demands on a professional school dean, it is also important to focus on the role of advocacy and the joys of deaning.
Nontraditional‐Aged Women and the Dissertation: A Case Study Approach
Authors: Lenz Kathryn S.
Published: July 2004

Interviews with women graduates and ABDs in science and education show how difficulty in selecting dissertation topics and perfectionism may affect noncompletion of the dissertation, even if support networks encourage completion.
Pursuing the Ph.D. in the Sciences and Engineering: Trends and Observations
Authors: Salters Roger E.
Published: July 2004

Science and engineering doctoral education has changed because of shifts in university, industry, and government influences, and it must continue to change by attracting and encouraging women and underrepresented groups.
Completing the Dissertation: Theory, Research, and Practice
Authors: Baird Leonard L.
Published: July 2004

A concluding discussion explores the importance of a positive faculty‐student nexus of responsibility to achieve a successful completion of the dissertation process.
Vitamin K2 inhibits the growth and invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via protein kinase A activation
Authors: Otsuka Motoyuki , Kato Naoya , Shao Run-Xuan , Hoshida Yujin , Ijichi Hideaki , Koike Yukihiro , Taniguchi Hiroyoshi , Moriyama Masaru , Shiratori Yasushi , Kawabe Takao , Omata Masao
Published: July 2004

Heatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common human malignancy. Its high mortality rate is mainly a result of high intrahepatic recurrence and portal venous invasion (PVI). We previously reported that the development of PVI is related to levels of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), a serum protein that increases at a notably higher rate in patients with HCC. Because DCP is produced by a vitamin K shortage, we examined the biological effects of extrinsic supplementation of vitamin K2 in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, vitamin K2 inhibits the growth and invasion of HCC cells through the activation of protein kinase A, which modulates the activities of several transcriptional factors and inhibits the small GTPase Rho, independent of suppression of DCP. In addition, administration of vitamin K2 to nude mice inoculated with liver tumor cells reduced both tumor growth and body weight loss. In conclusion, similar to an acyclic retinoid—which was previously reported to prevent the recurrence of HCC—vitamin K2, another lipid-soluble vitamin, may be a promising therapeutic means for the management of HCC. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the hepatology website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html). (Hepatology 2004;40:243-251.)
The move from categories to process: Attachment phenomena and clinical evaluation
Authors: Slade Arietta
Published: July 2004

Despite the degree to which attachment theory and research have been embraced by clinicians in recent years, many remain unsure as to what this perspective adds to clinical understanding and psychodynamic thinking about the clinical process. In this article, I outline some ways that developments in the study of attachment have the potential to enrich our clinical work with children and families, and may be particularly illuminating with respect to certain aspects of evaluation, formulation, and diagnosis. This added value comes not from formally assessing patients' attachment classification but from sensitizing clinicians to observing the functioning of the attachment system and to the internal and interpersonal functions of attachment processes. Such awareness on the part of the therapist makes it possible for these dynamic regulatory, defense, and motivational systems to be addressed within the context of evaluation and ongoing psychotherapeutic work. Thinking about attachment processes within the clinical situation does not supplant other aspects of dynamically oriented assessment and evaluation, but rather is theoretically consistent with psychoanalytic models of development and offers new levels of richness and understanding to formulations and treatment planning.