bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence that root‐associated fungi improve plant growth at high altitude
Authors: Burg Skylar , Ovaskainen Otso , Furneaux Brendan , Ivanova Natalia , Abrahamyan Arusyak , Niittynen Pekka , Somervuo Panu , Abrego Nerea
Published: May 2024

Unravelling how species communities change along environmental gradients requires a dual understanding: the direct responses of the species to their abiotic surroundings and the indirect variation of these responses through biotic interactions. Here, we focus on the interactive relationships between plants and their symbiotic root‐associated fungi (RAF) along stressful abiotic gradients. We investigate whether variations in RAF community composition along altitudinal gradients influence plant growth at high altitudes, where both plants and fungi face harsher abiotic conditions. We established a translocation experiment between pairs of Bistorta vivipara populations across altitudinal gradients. To separate the impact of shifting fungal communities from the overall influence of changing abiotic conditions, we used a root barrier to prevent new colonization by RAF following translocation. To characterize the RAF communities, we applied DNA barcoding to the root samples. Through the utilization of joint species distribution modelling, we assessed the relationship between changes in plant functional traits resulting from experimental treatments and the corresponding changes in the RAF communities. Our findings indicate that RAF communities influence plant responses to stressful abiotic conditions. Plants translocated from low to high altitudes grew more when they were able to associate with the resident high‐altitude RAF compared to those plants that were not allowed to associate with the resident RAF. We conclude that interactions with RAF impact how plants respond to stressful abiotic conditions. Our results provide experimental support that interactions with RAF improve plant stress tolerance to altitudinal stressors such as colder temperatures and less nutrient availability.
Sacral neuromodulation in children and adolescents with defecation disorders
Authors: Besendörfer Manuel , Knorr Christian , Kirchgatter Annemarie , Müller Hanna , Reis Wolfertstetter Patricia , Matzel Klaus E. , Diez Sonja
Published: May 2024

Background

Even if understanding of neuronal enteropathies, such as Hirschsprung's disease and functional constipation, has been improved, specialized therapies are still missing. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has been established in the treatment of defecation disorders in adults. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of SNM in children and adolescents with refractory symptoms of chronic constipation.

Methods

A two‐centered, prospective trial has been conducted between 2019 and 2022. SNM was applied continuously at individually set stimulation intensity. Evaluation of clinical outcomes was conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery based on the developed questionnaires and quality of life analysis (KINDLR). Primary outcome was assessed based on predefined variables of fecal incontinence and defecation frequency.

Key Results

Fifteen patients enrolled in the study and underwent SNM (median age 8.0 years (range 4–17 years)): eight patients were diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease (53%). Improvement of defecation frequency was seen in 8/15 participants (53%) and an improvement of fecal incontinence in 9/12 patients (75%). We observed stable outcome after 1 year of treatment. Surgical revision was necessary in one patient after electrode breakage. Urinary incontinence was observed as singular side effect of treatment in two patients (13%), which was manageable with the reduction of stimulation intensity.

Conclusions

SNM shows promising clinical results in children and adolescents presenting with chronic constipation refractory to conservative therapy. Indications for patients with enteral neuropathies deserve further confirmation.
Net O2 exchange rates under dark and light conditions across different stem compartments
Authors: Natale Sara , Peralta Ogorek Lucas Léon , Caracciolo Ludovico , Morosinotto Tomas , van Amerongen Herbert , Casolo Valentino , Pedersen Ole , Nardini Andrea
Published: May 2024

Woody plants display some photosynthetic activity in stems, but the biological role of stem photosynthesis and the specific contributions of bark and wood to carbon uptake and oxygen evolution remain poorly understood.

We aimed to elucidate the functional characteristics of chloroplasts in stems of different ages in Fraxinus ornus. Our investigation employed diverse experimental approaches, including microsensor technology to assess oxygen production rates in whole stem, bark, and wood separately. Additionally, we utilized fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to characterize the relative abundance of photosystems I and II (PSI : PSII chlorophyll ratio) in bark and wood.

Our findings revealed light‐induced increases in O2 production in whole stem, bark, and wood. We present the radial profile of O2 production in F. ornus stems, demonstrating the capability of stem chloroplasts to perform light‐dependent electron transport. Younger stems exhibited higher light‐induced O2 production and dark respiration rates than older ones.

While bark emerged as the primary contributor to net O2 production under light conditions, our data underscored that wood chloroplasts are also photosynthetically active. The FLIM analysis unveiled a lower PSI abundance in wood than in bark, suggesting stem chloroplasts are not only active but also acclimate to the spectral composition of light reaching inner compartments.
Casein kinase 1 AELs promote senescence by enhancing ethylene biosynthesis through phosphorylating WRKY22 transcription factor
Authors: Zhu Guo‐Qing , Qu Li , Xue Hong‐Wei
Published: May 2024

Leaf senescence is a complex process regulated by developmental and environmental factors, and plays a pivotal role in the development and life cycle of higher plants. Casein kinase 1 (CK1) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes and functions in various cellular processes including cell proliferation, light signaling and hormone effects of plants. However, the biological function of CK1 in plant senescence remains unclear.

Through systemic genetic and biochemical studies, we here characterized the function of Arabidopsis EL1‐like (AEL), a CK1, in promoting leaf senescence by stimulating ethylene biosynthesis through phosphorylating transcription factor WRKY22. Seedlings lacking or overexpressing AELs presented delayed or accelerated leaf senescence, respectively.

AELs interact with and phosphorylate WRKY22 at Thr57, Thr60 and Ser69 residues to enhance whose transactivation activity. Being consistent, increased or suppressed phosphorylation of WRKY22 resulted in the promoted or delayed leaf senescence. WRKY22 directly binds to promoter region and stimulates the transcription of 1‐amino‐cyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate synthase 7 gene to promote ethylene level and hence leaf senescence.

Our studies demonstrated the crucial role of AEL‐mediated phosphorylation in regulating ethylene biosynthesis and promoting leaf senescence by enhancing WRKY22 transactivation activity, which helps to elucidate the fine‐controlled ethylene biosynthesis and regulatory network of leaf senescence.
Optimizing pediatric liver transplantation: Evaluating the impact of donor age and graft type on patient survival outcome
Authors: Kwon Yong K. , Valentino Pamela L. , Healey Patrick J. , Dick Andre A. S. , Hsu Evelyn K. , Perkins James D. , Sturdevant Mark L.
Published: May 2024

Background

We examined the combined effects of donor age and graft type on pediatric liver transplantation outcomes with an aim to offer insights into the strategic utilization of these donor and graft options.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using a national database on 0–2‐year‐old (N = 2714) and 3–17‐year‐old (N = 2263) pediatric recipients. These recipients were categorized based on donor age (≥40 vs <40 years) and graft type. Survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models, followed by an intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis to examine overall patient survival.

Results

Living and younger donors generally resulted in better outcomes compared to deceased and older donors, respectively. This difference was more significant among younger recipients (0–2 years compared to 3–17 years). Despite this finding, ITT survival analysis showed that donor age and graft type did not impact survival with the exception of 0–2‐year‐old recipients who had an improved survival with a younger living donor graft.

Conclusions

Timely transplantation has the largest impact on survival in pediatric recipients. Improving waitlist mortality requires uniform surgical expertise at many transplant centers to provide technical variant graft (TVG) options and shed the conservative mindset of seeking only the “best” graft for pediatric recipients.
The use of once‐daily LCP‐Tacrolimus with adolescent and young adult solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Householder Sarah , Ramakrishnan Adarsh , Chen Justin K. , Gorsch Lindsey , Tsapepas Demetra , Lobritto Steven , Rundle Anna , Vittorio Jennifer M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients experience increased rates of rejection and graft loss surrounding the time of health care transition, in part due to poor medication adherence. This study aims to examine the impact of a once‐daily formulation of tacrolimus, LCP‐tacrolimus (LCPT), on medication adherence for AYA SOT patients.

Methods

A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed for all patients who underwent SOT and were prescribed LCPT after the age of 12 at our single‐center pediatric hospital. Medication adherence was assessed via provider documentation and the medication level variability index (MLVI).

Results

Twenty‐nine patients were prescribed LCPT as part of their immunosuppression regimen. Twenty patients were converted to LCPT from immediate‐acting (IR) tacrolimus; six patients were initiated immediately following transplant, and three patients were unable to receive LCPT due to insurance denial. There was a numeric improvement in medication adherence for converted patients when measured by provider assessment (45.0% vs. 68.4%, p = .140) and MLVI (40.0% vs. 71.4%, p = .276), though these did not reach statistical significance. There were no differences in episodes of rejection or adverse effects. LCPT prescription was not associated with decreased medication burden, and two patients transitioned back to IR tacrolimus due to increased cost.

Conclusions

LCPT use did not significantly improve patient adherence; however, it resulted in numerically higher perceived and measured adherence rates. LCPT appears to be safe and effective in the management of SOT recipients; however, it may not affect pill burden and may result in a higher financial burden. Use may be considered for a select group of AYA SOT recipients.
Film dosimetry for occupant exposure monitoring within Far‐UVC installations
Authors: Welch David , Hashmi Raabia , Petersen Camryn , Erde Steven , Brenner David J. , Nardell Edward
Published: May 2024

Far‐UVC radiation between 200 and 230 nm is a promising technology for reducing airborne disease transmission. Previous work with far‐UVC lamps has demonstrated the efficacy of far‐UVC radiation to inactivate bacteria and viruses while presenting minimal human health hazards. While far‐UVC intentionally exposes the occupied space, effectively disinfecting air between occupants, installations must still ensure that occupant eye and skin exposure is within the recommended daily limits. This study examines far‐UVC‐sensitive films for measuring the dose received by occupants within two real‐world far‐UVC installations. The film is characterized for accuracy, angular response, wavelength response, and sources of uncertainty in film response, and used to obtain individual exposure doses that account for both the non‐uniform irradiance and the unique motion of individuals within the space. Dosimetry results using the films, which account for the time‐weighted average exposure of an occupant, ranged from 10% to 49% of the maximum calculated stationary dose based on peak irradiance measurements. Results from this study spotlight the need to incorporate time‐weighted average considerations into the design and safety assessment of far‐UVC installations to ultimately operate far‐UVC technology with its full potential to prevent the spread of potentially fatal infectious diseases.
Do higher government spending, financial development, and trade reduce income inequality in low‐income countries? A Bayesian perspective
Authors: Byaro Mwoya , Ngowi Nicholaus , Rwezaula Anicet
Published: May 2024

We employed the Bayesian method to investigate the impact of government spending, financial development (measured by bank credit), and trade on income inequality reduction in 66 low‐income countries (LICs) across Africa, Asia, America, and Europe from 2000 to 2018. Controlling inflation and unemployment, our results indicate that trade and inflation exacerbate income inequality in LICs, while financial development and government spending have no impact on reducing income inequality in these countries. Furthermore, the findings show that real GDP per capita reduces income inequality in LICs. To ensure the robustness of our results, we also conducted frequentist quantile regression, which yielded consistent findings that financial development, government spending, and trade do not reduce income inequality in LICs. We further discuss the potential channels through which trade, financial development, inflation, and government spending contribute to income inequality in LICs, and provide policy implications based on the empirical evidence.

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Experiences of managers and staff working in community‐based mental health with people ageing with severe mental health problems
Authors: Tordai Carina , Schmidt Steven M. , Eklund Mona , Argentzell Elisabeth
Published: May 2024

Background

Existing research shows that older people with severe mental health problems need different forms of support in daily life and in the community to lead an active and meaningful life. A common form of support for people with severe mental health problems in Sweden is attendance at community‐based day centres (DCs). However, knowledge of staff and managers’ experiences of how people ageing with severe mental health problems are supported in DCs is scarce.

Aim

The aim was to explore DC staff and managers' experiences of how people ageing with severe mental health problems are supported in DCs during the retirement process.

Method/Procedure

Telephone interviews were conducted with managers in 27 municipalities in southern Sweden. In addition, focus groups were held with personnel from a total of nine different DCs. The material was analysed using content analysis.

Results

The results showed that older people who receive support in community‐based mental health care were viewed as a neglected group with complex needs, and the informants (managers and staff) had few policies to guide them when providing support. This made the informants desire more knowledge about best practices to support the target group. One theme emerged, Minding the gap between ideal and reality while working with a neglected group with complex needs, with three categories: Reasoning around unmet needs, Navigating in a muddled organisation, and Wishing for an enriched service.

Conclusion/Practical Application

Together with previous research, the results can contribute to increase awareness about an overlooked group at risk of being neglected and the pitfalls that impact the possibility to guide this target group in their recovery journey. Further research focusing on the target group's own experience of their everyday life situations is also needed.
Antimicrobial resistance, virulence potential and genomic epidemiology of global genomes of the rare Salmonella enterica serovar Orion
Authors: Hasegawa Leticia Ayumi , Vilela Felipe Pinheiro , Falcão Juliana Pfrimer
Published: May 2024

Aims

Our aim is to characterize through whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and heavy metal tolerance (HMT) genes content, plasmid presence, virulence potential and genomic diversity of the rare non‐typhoid Salmonella enterica serovar Orion (S. Orion) from 19 countries of the African, American, Eastern Mediterranean, European, Southeastern Asia and Western Pacific regions.

Methods and Results

Totally 324 S. Orion genomes were screened for AMR, HMT and virulence genes, plasmids and Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPIs). Genomic diversity was investigated using Multi‐Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and core‐genome MLST (cgMLST). Efflux pump encoding genes mdsA and mdsB were present in all genomes analysed, while quinolone chromosomal point mutations and aminoglycoside, beta‐lactam, colistin, lincosamide, macrolide, phenicol, sulphonamide, trimethoprim, tetracycline and disinfectant resistance genes were found in 0.3%–5.9%. A total of 17 genomes (5.2%) from Canada, the United Kingdom, the USA and Tanzania showed a potential multi‐drug resistance profile. Gold tolerance genes golS and golT were detected in all genomes analysed, while arsenic, copper, mercury, silver and tellurium tolerance genes were found in 0.3%–35.5%. Col(MGD2) was the most frequently detected plasmid, in 15.4% of the genomes. Virulence genes related to adherence, macrophage induction, magnesium uptake, regulation, serum resistance, stress adaptation, type III secretion systems and six SPIs (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14 and C63PI) were detected. ST639 was assigned to 89.2% of the S. Orion genomes, while cgMLST showed core‐genome STs and clusters of strains specific by countries.

Conclusion

The high virulence factor frequencies, the genomic similarity among some non‐clinical and clinical strains circulating worldwide and the presence of a strain carrying a resistance gene against a last resource antimicrobial like colistin, highlight the potential risk of S. Orion strains for public health and food safety and reinforce the importance to not underestimate the potential hazard of rare non‐typhoid Salmonella serovars.
Scientific Instrumentation Complex for the ExoMars-2022 Landing Platform
Authors: Korablev O. I. , Rodionov D. S. , Zelenyi L. M.
Published: May 2024

Scientific objectives, instruments, and measurement program of the scientific instrumentation of the Kazachok stationary landing platform of the State Corporation Roscosmos and the European Space Agency (ESA) ExoMars-2022 project are presented. The scientific objectives of research on the landing platform included the long-term climate monitoring, the studies of the atmospheric composition, the mechanisms for dust lifting and related electrical phenomena, atmosphere–surface interactions, the subsurface water abundance, monitoring the radiation situation, and the study of Mars internal structure. To address these problems, 11 Russian and two European instruments with a total mass of 45 kg were built, tested and integrated into the spacecraft. These include a television camera system, meteorological complexes, a suite for studying dust and related electrical phenomena, optical spectrometers and an analytical complex for studying the atmospheric composition, a microwave radiometer, the neutron and gamma spectrometers for surface research, a seismometer, magnetometers and a Mars proper motion experiment to study its internal structure. Although the ExoMars-2022 project has been discontinued, the scientific objectives of the landing platform have not lost their relevance, and the technical solutions and developments implemented in scientific equipment are of interest and promising for further Mars exploration.
Resonant laser ionization of neptunium: investigation on excitation schemes and the first ionization potential
Authors: Kaja Magdalena , Studer Dominik , Berg Felix , Berndt Sebastian , Düllmann Christoph E. , Kneip Nina , Reich Tobias , Urquiza-González Mitzi , Wendt Klaus
Published: May 2024

The atomic structure of neptunium (Np) was investigated by two-step resonance ionization spectroscopy. The study involved exploring ground-state transitions as well as following transitions to high-lying states just below the ionization potential (IP) or auto-ionizing states above the IP. That resulted in the identification of two-step ionization schemes, suitable for trace analysis and nuclear structure investigations. The lifetimes of two excited states located at 25,342.48 $$\, \text {cm}^{-1} $$

cm

-
1

and 25,277.64 $$\, \text {cm}^{-1} $$

cm

-
1

were determined as 230(12) ns and 173(9) ns, respectively. Because of the absence of Rydberg series in wide-ranging spectra recorded, the first IP was determined through the field ionization of high-lying, weakly-bound states using a well-controlled static electric field. By applying the saddle-point model, an IP value of 50,535.54(15) cm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

[6.265608(19) eV] was derived. This value agrees with the current literature value of 50,535(2) cm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

, while providing a more than ten times higher precision.

Graphic abstract
Discretized gradient flow for manifold learning
Authors: Gold Dara , Rosenberg Steven
Published: May 2024

Gradient descent, or negative gradient flow, is a standard technique in optimization to find the minima of functions. Many implementations of gradient descent rely on discretized versions, i.e. moving in the gradient direction for a set step size, recomputing the gradient and continuing. In this paper, we present an approach to manifold learning where gradient descent takes place in the infinite-dimensional space [Formula: see text] of smooth embeddings [Formula: see text] of a manifold [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text]. Implementing a discretized version of gradient descent for [Formula: see text], a penalty function that scores an embedding [Formula: see text], requires estimating how far we can move in a fixed direction — the direction of one gradient step — before leaving the space of smooth embeddings. Our main result is to give an explicit lower bound for this step length in terms of the Riemannian geometry of [Formula: see text]. In particular, we consider the case when the gradient of [Formula: see text] is pointwise normal to the embedded manifold [Formula: see text]. We prove this case arises when [Formula: see text] is invariant under diffeomorphisms of [Formula: see text], a natural condition in manifold learning.
Research on link addition strategies of interdependent networks under different coupling methods
Authors: Yin Rongrong , Ma Xuyao , Zhang Kai , Li Linhui , Wang Yumeng
Published: May 2024

In interdependent networks, link addition strategies can enhance the connectivity of networks, thus improving robustness in the face of cascading failures. In this paper, first, interdependent networks models under various coupling methods and cascading failures model are proposed. Moreover, link addition strategies and node importance metrics are obtained. Finally, this paper analyzes the influence of link addition strategies and node importance metrics on robustness under three coupling methods. Besides, the effects of coupling ratio and link addition ratio on robustness in the interdependent network under different coupling methods are also analyzed. The simulation results show in partial coupled networks, intra-layer link addition strategy (Intra LAS) is more robust. In one-to-one coupled networks, inter-layer link addition strategy (Inter LAS) yields better performance in improving robustness when the number of initial attacked nodes is fewer, and intra-layer link addition strategy (Intra LAS) is more robust when more nodes are attacked initially. The effect of network size and the average degree of network on this result are also discussed. The variation trend of networks with multiple dependencies is similar to that of partial coupled network with high coupling rate, but it has less robust than partial coupled network. The conclusions can provide guidance on how to select link addition strategy and node importance metric under different coupling methods.
ROLE OF GOVERNANCE IN TRANSITION FROM MIDDLE-INCOME TRAP
Authors: CM JAYADEVAN , HOANG NAM TRUNG , YARRAM SUBBA REDDY
Published: May 2024

This study examines the role of governance in transitioning from middle-to high-income status in 20 countries. All the growth models indicate that the rule of law plays a significant role. Significant interactions among government effectiveness were observed in the post-transition period. A significant effect of political stability and corruption control and a significant interaction effect of government effectiveness were also observed in the transition to high income, using extended Cox regression. The probit regression revealed that the interaction of low government effectiveness, low insurance, heavy reliance on agriculture, high fertility rates, high inflation, limited foreign investment and excessive public debt posed obstacles to achieving high-income status. The weak rule of law, corruption control and regulatory quality also affected the failure of the 42 upper-middle-income countries to reach a high-income level.
CAN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY REVITALIZE ZOMBIE ENTERPRISES?
Authors: ZHANG JIJIAN , XU YI , DING XUHUI
Published: May 2024

The impact and operational mechanisms of the digital economy on China’s zombie firms cannot be ignored. From the theoretical perspectives of advanced industrial structure and rational industrial organization, this paper empirically tests the effects of the digital economy on zombie firms using data from China’s A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2020. The baseline regression results indicate that the digital economy significantly revitalizes zombie firms. Heterogeneity studies show that the revitalizing effect is more pronounced for zombie firms in the western region, larger zombie firms, and state-owned zombie enterprises. Mechanism tests reveal that the digital economy revitalizes zombie firms by promoting rational industrial organization, advancing industrial structure, and alleviating financing constraints. The conclusions of this paper not only offer new ideas for the transformation of China’s zombie firms but also provide insights for other developing countries undergoing digital transformation.
Micro-cosmos model of a nucleon
Authors: Andersen Michael Cramer
Published: May 2024

This study explores the age-old quest to construct a geometric model of a quantum particle. While static classical particle models have largely been dismissed, the focus has now shifted to intricate dynamic models that hold the promise of reconciling general relativity with quantum mechanics. We propose that matter particles can be described as radiation confined within dynamically curved spacetime regions, without the need for quantization of space and time, and using standard field equations and natural Planck units. Specifically, we investigate a cyclic or oscillating radiation-dominated micro-cosmos undergoing repeated bouncing. Our methodology employs integration, with carefully defined initial conditions. The results include several observable properties characteristic of quantum particles. We calculate the total mass, revealing a compelling inverse proportionality between mass and radius identical with the de Broglie relationship. Applying this model to protons, we discover a profound and surprisingly simple relationship between the proton’s radius and mass expressed in Planck units. This enables a definition of the proton radius that aligns remarkably well with the 2018 CODATA value. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that the radial density profile of the proton (or nucleon), averaged over a cycle time, increases toward the center. The problem of embedding the micro-cosmos within a background spacetime is also described. These results underscore the relevance of general relativity in the domain of nuclear physics. Moreover, the model offers a fresh perspective that can stimulate new ideas in the ongoing quest to unify general relativity with quantum physics.
OUTCOMES OF SHOULDER ARTHROSCOPY FOR ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT DISLOCATION WITH EXTRA-GLENOHUMERAL JOINT CORACOID BASE EXPOSURE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Khanh Nguyen Manh , Hai Do Van
Published: May 2024

Background: Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation accounted for 9% of all shoulder injuries. Classical nonanatomic fixations might cause joint instability or redislocation. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of shoulder arthroscopy using the extra-glenohumeral joint coracoid base exposure technique for AC joint dislocation.

Methods: Our prospective study recruited 20 patients with AC joint dislocation who underwent shoulder arthroscopy using extra-articular coracoid base exposure technique from October 2020 to June 2021. Demographic information, clinical features, and Rockwood type were collected. Our primary endpoint was the Constant score and the improvement in coracoclavicular (CC) distance.

Results: The mean follow-up period was 30.75 (min-max 23–40) months. AC joint dislocation of Rockwood type III ([Formula: see text] = 6), type IV ([Formula: see text] = 8), and type V ([Formula: see text] = 6) was assessed; six cases (30%) had combined injuries: four cases had impingement subacromial, one case had Bankart injury, one case had the coracoclavicular joint screw fixation which was failed at the first time. The mean Constant score before surgery was 50.00 ± 6.74, after surgery was 96.50 ± 3.41 ([Formula: see text] < 0.001). The mean CC gap before surgery was 20.82 ± 2.20, after surgery was 9.91 ± 1.38 ([Formula: see text] < 0.001). One case had a loss of reduction with a Constant score of 96.

Conclusions: Arthroscopic treatment for acromioclavicular joint dislocation achieved satisfactory outcomes.
Parametric Study of Electrical Discharge Turning Process of Al7075/ZrO2-MMC
Authors: Varshney Roopak , Kumar Saridi Ajay , Singh Param
Published: May 2024

The mechanical properties of Aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) have made them a popular choice in various industries such as automotive, aerospace, and marine. However, their composition, which includes abrasive reinforcements, makes them difficult to machine using conventional techniques. So, unconventional machining processes play a vital role in the machining of these materials. Electrical discharge turning (EDT) is one of the configurations of electrical discharge machining (EDM) that is utilized to machine cylindrical-shaped workpieces. In this study, AMMC Al 7075/ZrO2 was fabricated using the stir casting method. Further, investigated the effect of machining parameters of EDT, namely pulse Current (I), pulse on time (T-ON), and rotating speed (RPM), on Al 7075/ZrO2 in terms of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and overcut (OC) using one parameter at a time (OPAT) method. The outcome of the experiment reveals that MRR, TWR, and OC are more impacted by pulse current than by rotational speed. A decrease in TWR was also found with an increase in pulse on time for all rotational speeds. The size of the craters and globules observed lower with 1400 RPM in the micrograph image.
Effect of Machine Structure on Cutting Force Considering Different Working Conditions in Micro-End-Milling
Authors: Xing Kan , Zheng Zehui , Jing Xiubing , Wang Yangyang , Chen Yun
Published: May 2024

Machine structure determines the performance of machine tools. The study of machine deformation contributes to the stability of machining processes, which in turn improves machining accuracy and surface quality. Vertical structure is the weak part of the horizontal micro-milling machine, which is the main source of deformation. Considering that the micro-milling cutting parameters and machine deformations are at the micron scale, it remains to be investigated whether such deformations cause changes in the cutting volume and thus affect the cutting forces. For this purpose, this paper investigates the deformation of the machine structure caused by various operating conditions and its effect on the cutting force. The finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate the deformation [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] of the clamp-workpiece. To verify the effect of machine structure on cutting force under different working conditions, the Al 6061 full immersion slot cutting experiments were conducted by considering different cutting parameters. The results show that the deformation of the machine structure has an effect on the cutting forces, and the degree of effect varies depending on the working conditions.
Role of IIoT as New Business Model Innovation in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Mousa Saeed , Bouraoui Taoufik
Published: May 2024

The manufacturing Industry in Europe plays a significant role in economic growth and development. Given the increased role of technology in this sector, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is one of the technological advancements that improve the Business Model (BM) efficacy in various manufacturing industries. However, research into the role of IIoT as a BM in the manufacturing industry is limited despite its contribution to the success and performance of the firms. Therefore, this study explores the role that IIoT plays as a BM in various manufacturing industries. A survey was conducted utilizing open-ended questionnaires across 60 manufacturing firms in Europe including automotive suppliers, information and communication, machine and plant engineering, electrical engineering, and medical engineering. The findings indicate that IIoT as a BM has different levels of contribution across the manufacturing industry with glaring variations in terms of performance between information and communication firms as well as automotive. This study can act as a guideline for further research on the complex relationship between IIoT as a BM and firms’ performance to influence decision-making processes within the manufacturing industry. Given that this is a pre-study, the limitations, and recommendations for future research are highlighted.
Uncertain Maximum Benefit about Chinese Postman Problem
Authors: Samanifar Samira , Ahmadzade Hamed , Nehi Hassan Mishmast
Published: May 2024

This research deals with the generalization of profit maximization of the Chinese postman with several vehicles under uncertainty, and then it is solved using the Lagrangian algorithm. Four different cases of the model are discussed. The first mode performs Chinese postman routing and assumes that the origin and destination are the same for each vehicle for each cycle and is provided by the user, which is the case of a typical postman. The second takes into account the assumption that the origin and destination of each vehicle should not be the same and allows users to choose the possible origin or destination of the vehicles. The third case takes the origin of each vehicle as input and generates a solution based on finding the best destination for each vehicle. The last parameter, which is very general, allows the optimization model to choose possibly different locations for the origin and destination of the vehicle during each cycle. Modeling these issues in the real world requires the use of uncertainty theory. Liu expressed the theory of uncertainty. Here, is a model of the Chinese postman’s multiple profit maximization problem. So far, there is no such uncertainty analysis of these models. After stating the uncertainty problem of the maximum profit problem of the Chinese postman, we will state the problem using the Lagrangian algorithm. We then compare the results.
Dynamic Response and Damage Assessment of Partially Confined Metallic Cylinders Under Transverse Blast Loading
Authors: Zhou Meng , Liang Minzu , Lin Yuliang , Qi Zizhen
Published: May 2024

An analysis of the dynamic response and damage assessment of partially confined metallic cylinders under transverse air-blast loading is presented in this paper. The examination of the blast shock wave load distribution and the consequences of standoff distances on the plastic deformation of cylinders was conducted with meticulous attention in the experimental testing. The charges of TNT were determined to have masses of 16.3 kg and 29.5 kg, while the distances at which they were placed from the target varied between 1.5 m and 4.25 m. Three unique deformation modes were found to exist in the unilaterally supported cylinder, all of which were directly connected to the distribution of the blast load. In order to obtain an improved understanding of the dynamic behaviors exhibited in cylinders, a finite element simulation model was utilized and subsequently validated using an examination of the experimental results. The assessment of shock wave damage was conducted by utilizing the residual deformation of the metallic cylinder as an equivalent characterization under lateral blast shock wave loading. The duration of the positive pressure zone of the shock wave was determined to be between one-fourth and ten times the vibration period of a unilaterally supported cylinder, indicating that the P-I (overpressure-impulse) criterion could be utilized for damage evaluation. The incorporation of the P-I criterion was subsequently employed to evaluate the detrimental consequences, taking into consideration the radial distribution of residual deformation identified in metal cylindrical shell constructions subjected to lateral blast shock wave loading. This research contributed to a better comprehension of the dynamic behavior of partially confined metallic cylinders subjected to lateral blast loading and highlights the significance of the P-I criterion for evaluating and mitigating the damage effects in such scenarios.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite from Hilsha Fish Bone for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hossain Nayem , Chowdhury Md. Shakil , Munsi Md. Sajib , Islam Md. Saiful , Islam Safiul , Mim Juhi Jannat , Chowdhury Mohammad Asaduzzaman
Published: May 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a highly biocompatible material that has similar properties to human bone. Researchers have adopted different methods for the synthesis of HA from different natural sources. This paper addresses the synthesis method of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) from Hilsha Fishbone. The synthesized n-HA has been characterized by UV, FTIR, TEM, XRD and cytotoxicity analysis. The successful synthesis of n-HA has been confirmed by the peak formation in the UV analysis. The presence of functional groups has been identified by the FTIR analysis. According to the TEM images, the synthesized n-HA is irregular in size and shape. Based on the XRD analysis, the formation of crystals by the n-HA has been assured. The in-vitro cytotoxicity analysis confirmed the bio-safety of the synthesized n-HA. Based on the findings, the synthesized n-HA can be applied in different biomedical applications.
Thin film field-effect transistor with ZnO:Li ferroelectric channel
Authors: Poghosyan Armen , Hovsepyan Ruben , Mnatsakanyan Hrachya
Published: May 2024

An n-type channel transparent thin film field-effect transistor (FET) using a top-gate configuration on a sapphire substrate is presented. ZnO:Li film was used as a channel, and MgF2 film as a gate insulator. Measurements showed that ZnO:Li films are ferroelectrics with spontaneous polarization [Formula: see text]–5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]C/cm2 and coercive field [Formula: see text]–10[Formula: see text]kV/cm. The dependences of drain–source current on drain–source voltage at various gate–source voltages in two antiparallel [Formula: see text] states were measured and the values of field-effect mobility and threshold voltage were determined for two [Formula: see text] states are as follows: (a) [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm2/Vs, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V; (b) [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm2/Vs, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V. Thus, [Formula: see text] switching leads to a change in FET channel parameters. Results can be used to create a bistable or, more precisely, digital FET.
Microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of K0.45Na0.45Li0.1NbO3 lead-free ceramics prepared via cold sintering with post-annealing
Authors: Qin Neng , Chen Xiao-Ming , Huang Xin-Yu , Lan Jia-Jun , Xu Yu-Ding , Liu Li-Na , Lian Han-Li , Liu Peng
Published: May 2024

Via the method of cold sintering with post-annealing, the lead-free ceramics [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]NbO3 were prepared. The cold sintered pellet without post-annealing shows a relative density ([Formula: see text] of 77.9%, which is larger than [Formula: see text] of the green pellet via the conventional solid-state sintering (SSS) method ([Formula: see text]). The cold sintered pellets were post-annealed at temperatures between [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]C. The effect of post-annealing temperatures on microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics was studied in detail. After being post-annealed, the relative densities and grain sizes of the ceramics were increased. The ceramics post-annealed at [Formula: see text]C show excellent dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Compared to the conventional SSS method, the method of cold sintering with post-annealing is successful in preparing dense [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]NbO3 lead-free ceramics in a wide temperature range and at relatively low temperatures.
Water and Economic Growth in Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Barbier Edward B.
Published: May 2024

Water withdrawals are expected to continue growing, further straining available freshwater resources for economies. This review focuses on two key relationships between water and economic growth for developed and developing countries. Rising freshwater withdrawals and stress are directly related to how our economies use water to develop and grow. There is also concern that increasing water scarcity will impact economic growth across countries and regions. Unless there is a marked improvement in the water intensity of countries, economic growth will be the most important driver of increasing water withdrawals and scarcity. Although analysis of the impact of freshwater stress on the growth of economies is inconclusive, there is mounting evidence of an impact at the river basin and sub-national level. Decoupling rising water use from growth will require major water management reforms. Two of them are discussed here: Ending excessive subsidization of irrigation and reallocating subsidies for water supply and sanitation to expand delivery in developing countries.
Entrepreneurial Competencies, Innovation Enablers and Sustainable Competitive Advantage Among Micro Firms Across Cultures: A Comparative Study of Canada and Malaysia
Authors: Tehseen Shehnaz , Yee Koon Vui , Haider Syed Arslan , Hossain Syed Monirul , Sohail Mariam
Published: May 2024

Recent research on start-up businesses has drawn attention to the central importance of sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) by accelerating the continuous development of entrepreneurial competencies (EC) through bridging the mediating and moderating peer relationships for entrepreneurial success. Such peer relationships among innovation enablers (IE), government support (GS) and competitive intelligence awareness (CIA) are vital in connecting EC to achieve SCA. However, prior studies scantily emphasized the causal linkages between two different contexts, particularly Canada and Malaysia. This study unpacks the black box of peer relationships contributing to EC and sustainable growth. We espoused a deductive approach with a quantitative methodology using SPSS AMOS version 22 for measurements to address the gaps in the entrepreneurship literature. The dataset comprises 750 respondents from micro-sized wholesale, retail and service firms with 1–3 employees, evenly split between Malaysia and Canada. The empirical sample results show that for Canadian entrepreneurs, the direct effect of EC has a positive and significant influence on SCA, but is negatively and significantly associated in the Malaysian context. Moreover, the CIA had a positive and significant moderating effect on the relationship between EC and IE in both Canadian and Malaysian samples. However, the CIA moderating effect on the relationship between EC and SCA is only positive and significant in the Canadian sample and insignificant in the Malaysian context. Lastly, the moderating effect of GS on the relationship between EC and SCA is positive and significant in the Canadian sample and insignificant in the Malaysian sample. These findings also offer practical clarity to the puzzle of how some EC can become the cornerstone of these firms’ sustainable growth by adopting IE in conjunction with CIA and GS.
UrduAspectNet: Fusing Transformers and Dual GCN for Urdu Aspect-Based Sentiment Detection
Authors: Aziz Kamran , Yusufu Aizihaierjiang , Zhou Jun , Ji Donghong , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Wang Shijie , Hadi Hassan Jalil , Yuan Zhengming
Published: May 2024

Urdu, characterized by its intricate morphological structure and linguistic nuances, presents distinct challenges in computational sentiment analysis. Addressing these, we introduce ”UrduAspectNet” – a dedicated model tailored for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) in Urdu. Central to our approach is a rigorous preprocessing phase. Leveraging the Stanza library, we extract Part-of-Speech (POS) tags and lemmas, ensuring Urdu’s linguistic intricacies are aptly represented. To probe the effectiveness of different embeddings, we trained our model using both mBERT and XLM-R embeddings, comparing their performances to identify the most effective representation for Urdu ABSA. Recognizing the nuanced inter-relationships between words, especially in Urdu’s flexible syntactic constructs, our model incorporates a dual Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) layer.Addressing the challenge of the absence of a dedicated Urdu ABSA dataset, we curated our own, collecting over 4,603 news headlines from various domains, such as politics, entertainment, business, and sports. These headlines, sourced from diverse news platforms, not only identify prevalent aspects but also pinpoints their sentiment polarities, categorized as positive, negative, or neutral. Despite the inherent complexities of Urdu, such as its colloquial expressions and idioms, ”UrduAspectNet” showcases remarkable efficacy. Initial comparisons between mBERT and XLM-R embeddings integrated with dual GCN provide valuable insights into their respective strengths in the context of Urdu ABSA. With broad applications spanning media analytics, business insights, and socio-cultural analysis, ”UrduAspectNet” is positioned as a pivotal benchmark in Urdu ABSA research.