bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kualitas Organoleptik Telur Itik yang Diberi Pakan Maggot Hidup (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Gunawan Aam
Published: March 2020

Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is a protein source of feed which is highly favored by poultry, especially ducks and chickens. However, it is feared that the provision of live maggot in ducks will affect the organoleptic quality of the egg, especially its taste and aroma. Therefore this study aims to determine the organoleptic quality of duck eggs fed Hermetia illucens maggot feeds in a living state. The study used 120 alabio ducks which were placed in a postal cage. The design used was a completely randomized design, each treatment using six replications. Each replication is taken egg sample to be tested panelists. The panelists used were 67 panelists who were somewhat trained. The data obtained were analyzed of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. The treatments that were tried consisted of P1: low protein rations without live maggot, P2: low protein rations with live maggot administration 40 g/bird/day, P3: high protein rations without live maggot administration, and P4: high protein rations with live maggot administration 40g/bird/day. The results showed that the treatment affected the texture, flavor, and aroma of boiled eggs. Ducks fed with high protein ration coupled with the provision of live maggot 40 g/bird/day produce softer textures, tastes quite good, and aroma more fishy. Keywords: Maggot, duck eggs, organoleptics
ANALISA KINERJA PELAYANAN ANGKUTAN KOTA DI PUSAT TERMINAL ANTASARI KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Prayetno Putra Bimo Aryo , Rahmani Hudan , Perdana Muhammad Gunawan
Published: March 2020

Kebutuhan akan sarana transportasi dari waktu ke waktu terus mrngalami peningkatan akibat semakin banyaknya kegiatan-kegiatan yang membutuhkan jasa transportasi sehingga bertambah pula intensitas pergerakan lalu lintas perkotaan. Contohnya saja perjalanan penduduk dari suatu tempat ke tempat lainnya di kota Banjarmasin yang jumlahnya terus mengalami peningkatan. Analisa   ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survey dan wawancara kepada pengguna sarana transportasi tersebut, dimana pengambilan data dilakukan berdasar data primer (lapangan) dan data skunder (dari instansi terkait).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kinerja angkutan kota belum cukup efisien karena headway rata-rata belum memenuhi kenyamanan pengguna dalam beroprasi. Sedangkan angkutan kota yang ditinjau dari tingkat waktu tunggu penumpang tidak memenuhi syarat yang ditentukan standard word bank dan Departemen perhubungan, kecepatan rata-rata mempunyai kinerja baik dan memenuhi syarat  yang  ditentukan  standard  word  bank  dan  Departemen perhubungan,  faktormuatan dan sarana pendukung kurang memadai dalam standar kenyamanan penumpang angkot.
KAJIAN EFEKTIFITAS KUAT TEKAN BETON MUTU TINGGI FC’ 35 MPA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN AGREGAT LOKAL SPLIT BIRAYANG KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI TENGAH
Authors: Haryono Arif Budi , Surya Adhi , Purnamasari Eka
Published: March 2020

Beton merupakan salah satu pilihan sebagai bahan infrastruktur. Beton merupakan campuran dari agregat halus dan agregat kasar (pasir, kerikil, batu pecah atau jenis agregat lain) dengan semen, yang dipersatukan oleh air dalam perbandingan tertentu. Untuk menghasilkan beton yang berkualitas baik dan perlu diperhatikan kuat tekan beton tersebut. Karena semakin besar kuat tekan beton, maka semakin baik juga kualitas beton tersebut. Kuat tekan beton (f’c) menyatakan kekuatan tekan luas bidang permukaan yang disyaratkan (dalam MPa). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efisiensi pemakaian batu birayang, mengetahui pengaruh jenis semen dengan penambahan zat aditif terhadap  beton, mengetahui formula korelasi kuat tekan beton dilaboratorium dan dilapangan.Pengujian  ini  dilakukan  di  Laboratorium  Struktur  dan  Bahan  Politeknik  Negeri  BanjarmasinKalimantan Selatan dengan menggunakan metode SNI ( Standar Nasional Indonesia). Pengujian ini terdiri atas pengujian semen, agregat (kasar dan halus) dan beton. Pengujian terhadap semen meliputi: berat jenis semen, kehalusan semen, kosistensi semen dan waktu pengikatan. Untuk pengujian terhadap agregat (kasar dan  halus)  meliputi:  analisa  saringan,  pemeriksaan  berat  jenis,  abrasi  dengan  mesin  los  angeles, pemeriksaan kadar air , kadar  lumpur, berat  isi,  kandungan organik. Untuk pengujian  beton meliputi: pengujian slump test, kadar udara, dan pengujian kuat tekan.Bedasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka dapat  disimpulkan bahwa split  birayang  lebih efisien dan ekonomis 41 % lebih rendah dari harga split palu,  hasil pengujian dilaboratorium dengan menggunakan semen gresik dan tambahan zat aditif sika kuat tekan rata-rata umur 28 hari didapat 38.79 Mpa  dan dari hasil rata-rata nilai kuat tekan dilaboratorium dan dilapangan hasil nya pun mencapai target estimasi Fc’ 35Mpa sehingga memenuhi syarat yang ditentukan.
KOMPARASI METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) DAN SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW) DALAM PENENTUAN SKALA PRIORITAS PROYEK PEKERJAAN (Studi Kasus : CV. EUK Samarinda )
Authors: Nugraha Achmad Jaya Adhi
Published: March 2020

Semua proyek pekerjaan yang dikeluarkan oleh PT. PLN (Persero) Wilayah Samarinda secara resmi diumumkan melalui e-procurement. Masalah yang muncul adalah bagaimana CV. EUK dapat menentukan tawaran proyek pekerjaan mana yang layak untuk dikerjakan sehingga secara tidak langsung dapat mempengaruhi kenaikan harapan pada Laba Kotor yang akan diterima. Masalah ini juga terkait langsung bagaimana menentukan penjadwalan proyek kerja yang dilakukan pada skala prioritas. Metode AHP diterapkan untuk menentukan Skala Prioritas Kerja yang akan dipilih dengan B / C Analysis sebagai model pengambilan keputusan. Diharapkan penerapan metode ini secara tidak langsung dapat meminimalkan keterlambatan dalam penyelesaian pekerjaan dan meningkatkan harapan penerimaan Laba Kotor. Sebagai pembanding digunakan metode SAW. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode AHP jauh lebih baik daripada metode SAW, dan mampu menunjukkan kelemahan metode pemilihan proyek yang digunakan CV. EUK sejauh ini.All job projects issued by PT. PLN (Persero) Area Samarinda is officially announced through e-procurement. The problem that arises is how the CV. EUK can determine which job project bid is feasible to work so that it can indirectly affect the increase of expectation on Gross Profit to be received. This problem is also directly related to how to determine the scheduling of work projects undertaken on a priority scale. The AHP method is applied to determine the Work Priority Scale to be selected with B / C Analysis as a decision-making model. It is hoped that the implementation of this method can indirectly minimize the delay in the time of completion of the work and increase the expectation on the acceptance of Gross Profit. As a comparison used SAW method. The results showed that AHP method is much better than SAW method, and able to show weakness of project selection method used CV. EUK so far.
STUDI KARAKTERISTIK CAMPURAN LAPIS TIPIS ASPAL PASIR KELAS A DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SERAT SELULOSA ROADCELL-50
Authors: Yasruddin Yasruddin
Published: March 2020

Sifat Latasir yang rentan terhadap retak-retak tentu menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai bahan apa yang bisa meningkatkan ketahanan lapis perkerasan Latasir tersebut sehingga ketahanan terhadadap stabilitas dan durabilitasnya dapat tercapai selama umur rencana. Salah satu cara meningkatkan kinerja campuran aspal adalah dengan memodifikasi campuran aspal dengan menambahkan aditif serat selulosa Roadcell-50. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan serat selulosa Roadcell-50 terhadap perubahan karakteristik Marshall dan durabilitas campuran Latasir kelas A. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pasir Sungai Martapura, filler, dan aspal Shell ex-Singapura. Komposisi campuran yang digunakan dalan pengujian adalah fraksi 1 (pasir sedang) sebanyak 5.99%, fraksi 2 (pasir halus) sebanyak 83.01%, filler sebanyak 11. Pengujian dilaksanakan dengan melakukan pengujian Marshall dan uji perendaman (Immertion Test) pada campuran aspal sebelum dan sesudah ditambahkan aditif sebanyak 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% terhadap variasi kadar aspal 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui penambahan zat aditif ini tidak mengubah kadar aspal optimum secara signifikan tetapi mampu meningkatkan nilai indeks perendaman. Selain itu nilai stabilitas, flow, VIM, VMA meningkat seiring naiknya kadar aditif. Sementara nilai VFB dan Marshall Quotient menurun.
RESPON MAHASISWA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN MODUL BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY PADA MATAKULIAH TEKNIK DAN MANAJEMEN LABORATORIUM BIOLOGI
Authors: Putri Azza Nuzullah , Muhartati Erda
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktikalitas modul melalui respon mahasiswa terhadap modul berbasis guided inquiry yang telah dikembangkan untuk dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran pada matakuliah teknik dan manajemen laboratorium biologi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (research and development) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan Hannafin dan Peck yang meliputi tahap: need assess, design, and development/implementation dimana pada tiap tahapnya dilakukan evaluasi dan revisi. Data yang didapatkan meliputi hasil praktikalitas melalui respon mahasiswa terhadap modul yang dikembangkan. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu berupa lembar angket respon mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian di dapatkan bahwa modul yang dikembangkan mendpatkan respon yang sangat positif dari seluruh responden (mahasiswa). Pada seluruh aspek di dapatkan kategori sangat praktis dengan rata-rata persentase 93% untuk dapat digunakan pada matakuliah teknik dan manajemen laboratorium biologi oleh mahasiswa.
Profil Media Pembelajaran di SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Timur
Authors: Evriyanti Tree , Muhartati Erda , Irawan Bony
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketersediaan, penggunaan dan kesulitan yang dihadapi guru dalam pemanfaatan media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui instrumen angket, lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Angket dan lembar observasi untuk melihat penggunaan media pembelajaran dan pedoman wawancara digunakan untuk mengetahui ketersediaan dan kesulitan yang dihadapi guru dalam pemanfaatan media pembelajaran. Data hasil wawancara ketersediaan media pembelajaran di SMPN A dan SMPN B sudah memadai dan di SMPN C kurang memadai. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa di SMPN Se-Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Timur penggunaan media pembelajaran keseluruhan rata-rata 71% kategori cukup. Penggunaan media pembelajaran di SMPN A memiliki rata-rata 82% kategori baik. Penggunaan media pembelajaran di SMPN B memiliki rata-rata 58% kategori kurang dan penggunaan media pembelajaran di SMPN C memiliki rata-rata 72% kategori cukup. Data hasil wawancara kesulitan yang dihadapi guru dalam pemanfaatan media pembelajaran dari keseluruhan sekolah di kecamatan Tanjungpinang Timur memiliki kesulitan dalam membuat media, kurangnya efisiensi waktu dalam membuat media pembelajaran, kreatifitas dalam membuat media yang masih rendah, ketersediaan media yang kurang memadai.
Identifikasi Nilai Etnosains pada Kearifan Lokal Berkarang dan Menyondong Ikan Pada Masyarakat Pesisir Bintan
Authors: Irawan Bony , Muhartati Erda
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi nilai etnosains dalam aktivitas menyondong dan berkarang. Menyondong adalah kegiatan menangkap ikan dan hasil laut lain dengan menggunakan tangguk besar. Menyondong biasanya dilakukan di sore hari sampai maghrib dengan berjalan di air dangkal di sepanjang garis pantai. Berkarang adalah kegiatan mengumpulkan hasil-hasil laut yang tertinggal di daerah pasang-surut pada saat keadaan surut. Dua kegiatan ini adalah kegiatan yang sering dilakukan di kalangan masyarakat pesisir di Pulau Bintan. Kegiatan ini memiliki nilai ekonomi dan budaya serta berpotensi memiliki kandungan nilai etnosains. Studi etnografi ini dilakukan melalui rangkaian pengamatan di beberapa tempat menyondong dan berkarang yang populer. Data tambahan diperoleh melalui wawancara. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai-nilai etnosains dalam aktivitas berkarang dan menyondong ikan. Nilai etnosains yang teridentifikasi antara lain dalam bentuk nama dan pengetahuan lokal terhadap hasil-hasil laut, dalam bentuk prosedur pelaksanaan aktivitas untuk meningkatkan hasil tangkapan, dan pemahaman akan pilihan waktu pelaksanaan yang disesuaikan dengan pasang-surut air laut.
Validitas Media Pembelajaran Menggunakan Aplikasi Focusky Dilengkapi Buku Panduan pada Materi Protista untuk Peserta Didik Kelas X SMA
Authors: Agatha Pratiwi , Armen  , Fuadiyah Sa'diatul
Published: March 2020

The availability and use of instructional media that fits the needs of students becomes a problem in learning biology at SMAN 2 Batang Anai, especially in protist material. This is due to the limited skills of teachers in obtaining and developing learning media according to the needs of students. One alternative problem is to develop learning media using the Focusky application equipped with a manufacturing manual. Focusky application will produce learning media that can stimulate students' learning styles with the advantages of drag and drop methods. The purpose of this study was to produce learning media using the Focusky application equipped with a guidebook on protist material for valid class X students. This research is development research (Research and Development) with the Instructional Development Institute (IDI) model which consists of the stages of defining, developing, and evaluating. The research subjects were two biology lecturers at FMIPA UNP and one biology teacher at SMAN 2 Batang Anai. The object of research is learning media using the Focusky application on protist material equipped with a guidebook for class X SMA students. The research data is primary data in the form of data validity which is obtained directly through the provision of validation questionnaires to the research subjects. Based on the results of the study produced learning media using the Focusky application on protist material equipped with a guidebook for students of class X that are valid with an average validity value of 88.82%.
Collapse
Authors: Smith Constance
Published: March 2020

In Nairobi, the speed of urban growth is producing a parallel threat of architectural failure: in a recent spate of tower block collapses, many have died. Nairobians describe collapsed tower blocks as “fake,” referring to ideas of the counterfeit, as well as anxieties about morally suspect economies. Simultaneously, state-led development is re-envisioning Nairobi as a “world-class” city of spectacular infrastructure and gleaming high-rises. Though seemingly disconnected processes, the two are deeply entangled. Building on Africanist debates about the power of the double and the relationship between the surface and the underneath, I explore this superficially sleek but materially fragile landscape through a lens of “gray development,” complicating standard distinctions between the informal and the formal to uncover the underneath of Nairobi's world-class fantasies.
“Going vertical” in times of insecurity
Authors: Goodman Zoë
Published: March 2020

The global proliferation of elite high-rise apartments is often read as evidence of social failure, of increasing socioeconomic disparity and fragmentation. The Jaffery Complex, a vertiginous gated high-rise being constructed in the Kenyan port of Mombasa, seems to embody Corbusian ideologies of social transformation based on an explicit distancing from the streets below, insulating its incoming residents from the frequently fused threats of terror, poverty, and crime. However, ethnographic attention to the multistory mosque located within the complex challenges readings of elite stacked housing solutions as “vertical cocoons,” and reveals the tension between proximity and distance that this urban redevelopment strives to construct.
Fieldwork at sunset
Authors: Goodwin-Hawkins Bryonny , Gould Hannah
Published: March 2020

Most institutional anthropology departments have a website, to tout credentials, attract students, and offer information. These websites also take up the visual task of disciplinary representation, but their images have skipped the scrutiny that is necessary and overdue. This article analyzes online images of sociocultural anthropology across one hundred high-ranking universities worldwide. We show how, online, a discipline defined by diversity becomes readily reducible to “exotic” geographies and objectified “others.” While the urban serves as an unattractive foil, frequent images of children recall charity campaigns. Such visual tropes—which comprise a significant, public interface for anthropology—are not just awkwardly dated but also do disservice to ambitions for public anthropology. Change, we suggest, must begin at (the) home(page).
Consuming Katniss
Authors: Poulos Samantha
Published: March 2020

Catherine Driscoll and Alexandra Heatwole. 2018. The Hunger Games: Spectacle, Risk and the Girl Action Hero. London: Routledge.
External jugular venous sampling for Cushing’s disease in a patient with hypoplastic inferior petrosal sinuses
Authors: Peterson Keyan A. , Burnette Christofer D. , Fargen Kyle M. , Brown Patrick A. , West James L. , Tatter Stephen B. , Wolfe Stacey Q.
Published: March 2020

The authors report the case of a 30-year-old female patient with suspected Cushing’s disease with an anatomical variation of hypoplastic inferior petrosal sinuses and nearly exclusive anterior drainage from the cavernous sinus, who underwent external jugular venous blood sampling with successful disease confirmation and microadenoma localization. The patient presented with signs and symptoms consistent with Cushing’s syndrome, but with discordant preliminary diagnostic testing. She underwent attempted bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling; however, she had hypoplastic inferior petrosal sinuses bilaterally and predominantly anterior drainage from the cavernous sinus into the external jugular circulation. Given this finding, the decision was made to proceed with external jugular venous access and sampling in addition to internal jugular venous sampling. A positive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response to corticotropin-releasing factor was obtained in the right external jugular vein alone, suggesting a right-sided pituitary microadenoma as the cause of her Cushing’s disease. The patient subsequently underwent a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy that confirmed the presence of a right-sided ACTH-secreting microadenoma, which was successfully resected. She was hypocortisolemic on discharge and has had no signs of recurrence or relapse at 6 months postoperation.
Comparison of intraoperative cortisol levels after preoperative hydrocortisone administration versus placebo in patients without adrenal insufficiency undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal removal of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: a double-blind randomized trial
Authors: Lee Hyung-Chul , Yoon Hyun-Kyu , Kim Jung Hee , Kim Yong Hwy , Park Hee-Pyoung
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

In this double-blind randomized trial, the necessity of preoperative steroid administration in patients without adrenal insufficiency (AI) undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) for pituitary adenoma was evaluated.

METHODS

Forty patients with and without AI, defined as a peak cortisol level > 18 µg/dl on the insulin tolerance test or rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test, undergoing ETSS for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas were randomly allocated to treatment with either 100 mg of preoperative hydrocortisone (group HC, n = 20) or normal saline (group C, n = 20). The patients with pituitary apoplexy, the use of a drug within the last 3 months that could affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, or a previous history of brain or adrenal surgery were excluded. Intraoperative cortisol and ACTH levels were measured after anesthesia induction, dura incision, and tumor removal, and at the end of surgery. Intraoperative hypotension, early postoperative AI, and postoperative 3-month pituitary function were investigated.

RESULTS

Intraoperative serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in the HC group than in the C group after anesthesia induction (median 69.0 µg/dl [IQR 62.2–89.6 µg/dl] vs 12.7 µg/dl [IQR 8.4–18.2 µg/dl], median difference 57.5 µg/dl [95% CI 33.0–172.9 µg/dl]), after dura incision (median 53.2 µg/dl [IQR 44.9–63.8 µg/dl] vs 6.4 [IQR 4.8–9.2 µg/dl], median difference 46.6 µg/dl [95% CI 13.3–89.2 µg/dl]), after tumor removal (median 49.5 µg/dl [IQR 43.6–62.4 µg/dl] vs 9.2 µg/dl [IQR 5.75–16.7 µg/dl], median difference 39.4 µg/dl [95% CI 0.3–78.1 µg/dl]), and at the end of surgery (median 46.9 µg/dl [IQR 40.1–63.4 µg/dl] vs 16.9 µg/dl [IQR 12.1–23.2 µg/dl], median difference 32.2 µg/dl [95% CI −42.0 to 228.1 µg/dl]). Serum ACTH levels were significantly lower in group HC than in group C after anesthesia induction (median 3.9 pmol/L [IQR 1.7–5.2 pmol/L] vs 6.9 pmol/L [IQR 3.9–11.9 pmol/L], p = 0.007). No patient showed intraoperative hypotension due to AI. Early postoperative AI was observed in 3 and 5 patients in groups HC and C, respectively. The postoperative 3-month pituitary hormone outcomes including ACTH deficiency were not different between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative steroid administration may be unnecessary in patients without AI undergoing ETSS for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. However, a further large-scale study is needed to determine whether preoperative steroid administration has a significant impact on clinically meaningful events such as perioperative AI and postoperative 3-month ACTH deficiency in these patients.

Korean Clinical Trial Registry no.: KCT0002426 (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/).
A hospital-based analysis of pseudomeningoceles after elective craniotomy in children: what predicts need for intervention?
Authors: Norrdahl Sebastian P. , Jones Tamekia L. , Dave Pooja , Hersh David S. , Vaughn Brandy , Klimo Paul
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

In pediatric patients, the development of a postoperative pseudomeningocele after an elective craniotomy is not unusual. Most will resolve with time, but some may require intervention. In this study, the authors analyzed patients who required intervention for a postoperative pseudomeningocele following an elective craniotomy or craniectomy and identified factors associated with the need for intervention.

METHODS

An institutional operative database of elective craniotomies and craniectomies was queried to identify all surgeries associated with development of a postoperative pseudomeningocele from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017. Demographic and surgical data were collected, as were details regarding postoperative events and interventions during either the initial admission or upon readmission. A bivariate analysis was performed to compare patients who underwent observation with those who required intervention.

RESULTS

Following 1648 elective craniotomies or craniectomies, 84 (5.1%) clinically significant pseudomeningoceles were identified in 82 unique patients. Of these, 58 (69%) of the pseudomeningoceles were diagnosed during the index admission (8 of which persisted and resulted in readmission), and 26 (31%) were diagnosed upon readmission. Forty-nine patients (59.8% of those with a pseudomeningocele) required one or more interventions, such as lumbar puncture(s), lumbar drain placement, wound exploration, or shunt placement or revision. Only race (p < 0.01) and duraplasty (p = 0.03, OR 3.0) were associated with the need for pseudomeningocele treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinically relevant pseudomeningoceles developed in 5% of patients undergoing an elective craniotomy, with 60% of these pseudomeningoceles needing some form of intervention. The need for intervention was associated with race and whether a duraplasty was performed.
Intraoperative MRI versus 5-ALA in high-grade glioma resection: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Golub Danielle , Hyde Jonathan , Dogra Siddhant , Nicholson Joseph , Kirkwood Katherine A. , Gohel Paulomi , Loftus Stephen , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) continue to carry poor prognoses, and patient outcomes depend heavily on the extent of resection (EOR). The utility of conventional image-guided surgery is limited by intraoperative brain shift. More recent techniques to maximize EOR, including intraoperative imaging and the use of fluorescent dyes, combat these limitations. However, the relative efficacy of these two techniques has never been systematically compared. Thus, the authors performed an exhaustive systematic review in conjunction with quantitative network meta-analyses to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and intraoperative MRI (IMRI) in optimizing EOR in HGG. They secondarily analyzed associated progression-free and overall survival and performed subgroup analyses by level of evidence.

METHODS

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science were searched for studies evaluating conventional neuronavigation, IMRI, and 5-ALA in HGG resection. The primary study endpoint was the proportion of patients attaining gross-total resection (GTR), defined as 100% elimination of contrast-enhancing lesion on postoperative MRI. Secondary endpoints included overall and progression-free survival and subgroup analyses for level of evidence. Comparative efficacy analysis of IMRI and 5-ALA was performed using Bayesian network meta-analysis models.

RESULTS

This analysis included 11 studies. In a classic meta-analysis, both IMRI (OR 4.99, 95% CI 2.65–9.39, p < 0.001) and 5-ALA (OR 2.866, 95% CI 2.127–3.863, p < 0.001) were superior to conventional navigation in achieving GTR. Bayesian network analysis was employed to indirectly compare IMRI to 5-ALA, and no significant difference in GTR was found between the two (OR 1.9 favoring IMRI, 95% CI 0.905–3.989, p = 0.090). A handful of studies additionally suggested that the use of either IMRI (2 and 4 studies, respectively) or 5-ALA (2 and 2 studies, respectively) improves progression-free and overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS

IMRI and 5-ALA are individually superior to conventional neuronavigation for achieving GTR of HGG. Between IMRI and 5-ALA, neither method is clearly more effective. Future studies evaluating the comparative cost and surgical time associated with IMRI and 5-ALA will better inform any cost-benefit analysis.
Association of the FGFR1 mutation with spontaneous hemorrhage in low-grade gliomas in pediatric and young adult patients
Authors: Ishi Yukitomo , Yamaguchi Shigeru , Hatanaka Kanako C. , Okamoto Michinari , Motegi Hiroaki , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Terasaka Shunsuke , Houkin Kiyohiro
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

The authors aimed to investigate genetic alterations in low-grade gliomas (LGGs) in pediatric and young adult patients presenting with spontaneous hemorrhage.

METHODS

Patients younger than 30 years of age with a pathological diagnosis of World Health Organization (WHO) grade I or II glioma and who had undergone treatment at the authors’ institution were retrospectively examined. BRAF V600E, FGFR1 N546/K656, IDH1 R132, IDH2 R172, and KIAA1549-BRAF (K-B) fusion genetic alterations were identified, and the presence of spontaneous tumoral hemorrhage was recorded.

RESULTS

Among 66 patients (39 with WHO grade I and 27 with grade II tumors), genetic analysis revealed K-B fusion in 18 (27.3%), BRAF V600E mutation in 14 (21.2%), IDH1/2 mutation in 8 (12.1%), and FGFR1 mutation in 4 (6.1%). Spontaneous hemorrhage was observed in 5 patients (7.6%); 4 of them had an FGFR1 mutation and 1 had K-B fusion. Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association of an FGFR1 mutation and a diencephalic location with spontaneous hemorrhage. Among 19 diencephalic cases including the optic pathway, hypothalamus, and thalamus, an FGFR1 mutation was significantly associated with spontaneous hemorrhage (p < 0.001). Four FGFR1 mutation cases illustrated the following results: 1) a 2-year-old female with pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) harboring the FGFR1 K656E mutation presented with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH); 2) a 6-year-old male with PMA harboring FGFR1 K656E and D652G mutations presented with intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH); 3) a 4-year-old female with diffuse astrocytoma harboring FGFR1 K656M and D652G mutations presented with IVH; and 4) a young adult patient with pilocytic astrocytoma with the FGFR1 N546K mutation presented with delayed ITH and IVH after 7 years of observation.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the mechanism remains unclear, the FGFR1 mutation is associated with spontaneous hemorrhage in pediatric and young adult LGG.
Laboratory assessments of therapeutic platelet inhibition in endovascular neurosurgery: complication prediction using the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay and thromboelastography with platelet mapping
Authors: Corliss Brian M. , Freedman Rachel , Brennan Meghan M. , Smith Jessica , Nerva John D. , Harris Neil S. , Polifka Adam J. , Hoh Brian L. , Fox W. Christopher
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Inhibition of platelet aggregation is universally used to prevent thromboembolic complications related to stent placement in endovascular neurosurgery, but excessive inhibition potentiates hemorrhagic complications. Previously, the authors demonstrated that two different commercially available measures of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)–dependent platelet inhibition—the VerifyNow P2Y12 clopidogrel assay (measured in platelet reactivity units [PRU]) and maximal amplitude (MA) attributable to ADP activity (MA-ADP) derived from thromboelastography (TEG) with platelet mapping (PM)—yielded wildly different results. This study sought to analyze observed complications to quantify the ideal therapeutic windows for both tests.

METHODS

Ninety-one patients with simultaneous or near-simultaneous PRU and TEG-PM results who underwent craniocervical endovascular stenting at the authors’ institution between September 2015 and November 2017 were identified and retrospectively enrolled. From November 2017 until June 2019, 109 additional patients were prospectively enrolled. For this study, in-hospital thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications (both CNS and non-CNS) were tabulated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify threshold values of the PRU and MA-ADP for predicting each type of complication.

RESULTS

Of the 200 patients enrolled, 7 were excluded because of anemia or thrombocytopenia outside of the test manufacturer’s specified ranges and 1 was excluded because they did not have a TEG-PM result. Including complications of all severities, there were a total of 15 CNS thrombotic complications, 1 access-site thrombotic complication, 3 CNS hemorrhages, 8 access-site hemorrhagic complications, and 3 hemorrhagic complications not affecting either the CNS or the access site. ROC curve analysis yielded therapeutic threshold values of 118–144 PRU. The results demonstrated PRU has a significant dose-dependent effect on the rates of thrombosis and hemorrhage. Logistic regression models did not demonstrate statistically significant relationships between the MA-ADP and either thrombosis or hemorrhage. ROC analysis based on these models is of little value and did not identify significant threshold values for MA-ADP.

CONCLUSIONS

There continues to be poor correlation between the results of TEG-PM and PRU. PRU accurately predicted complications, with a relatively narrow ideal value range of 118–144. The MA-ADP alone does not appear able to accurately predict either hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications in this group.
The use of intraoperative neurosurgical ultrasound for surgical navigation in low- and middle-income countries: the initial experience in Tanzania
Authors: Kaale Aingaya J. , Rutabasibwa Nicephorus , Mchome Laurent Lemeri , Lillehei Kevin O. , Honce Justin M. , Kahamba Joseph , Ormond D. Ryan
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Neuronavigation has become a crucial tool in the surgical management of CNS pathology in higher-income countries, but has yet to be implemented in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to cost constraints. In these resource-limited settings, neurosurgeons typically rely on their understanding of neuroanatomy and preoperative imaging to help guide them through a particular operation, making surgery more challenging for the surgeon and a higher risk for the patient. Alternatives to assist the surgeon improve the safety and efficacy of neurosurgery are important for the expansion of subspecialty neurosurgery in LMICs. A low-cost and efficacious alternative may be the use of intraoperative neurosurgical ultrasound. The authors analyze the preliminary results of the introduction of intraoperative ultrasound in an LMIC setting.

METHODS

After a training program in intraoperative ultrasound including courses conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Aurora, Colorado, neurosurgeons at the Muhimbili Orthopaedic and Neurosurgical Institute began its independent use. The initial experience is reported from the first 24 prospective cases in which intraoperative ultrasound was used. When possible, ultrasound findings were recorded and compared with postoperative imaging findings in order to establish accuracy of intraoperative interpretation.

RESULTS

Of 24 cases of intraoperative ultrasound that were reported, 29.2% were spine surgeries and 70.8% were cranial. The majority were tumor cases (95.8%). Lesions were identified through the dura mater in all 24 cases, with 20.8% requiring extension of craniotomy or laminectomy due to inadequate exposure. Postoperative imaging (typically CT) was only performed in 11 cases, but all 11 matched the findings on post–dural closure ultrasound.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of intraoperative ultrasound, which is affordable and available locally, is changing neurosurgical care in Tanzania. Ultimately, expanding the use of intraoperative B-mode ultrasound in Tanzania and other LMICs may help improve neurosurgical care in these countries in an affordable manner.
Decreased contrast enhancement on high-resolution vessel wall imaging of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in patients taking aspirin
Authors: Roa Jorge A. , Zanaty Mario , Ishii Daizo , Lu Yongjun , Kung David K. , Starke Robert M. , Torner James C. , Jabbour Pascal M. , Samaniego Edgar A. , Hasan David M.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Inflammation plays an integral role in the formation, growth, and progression to rupture of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). Animal and human studies have suggested that, due to its antiinflammatory effect, aspirin (ASA) may decrease the risks of growth and rupture of UIAs. High-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) has emerged as a noninvasive method to assess vessel wall inflammation and UIA instability. To the authors’ knowledge, to date no studies have found a significant correlation between patient use of ASA and contrast enhancement of UIAs on HR-VWI.

METHODS

The University of Iowa HR-VWI Project database was analyzed. This database is a compilation of data on patients with UIAs who prospectively underwent HR-VWI on a 3T Siemens MRI scanner. The presence of aneurysmal wall enhancement was objectively defined using the aneurysm-to–pituitary stalk contrast ratio (CRstalk). This ratio was calculated by measuring the maximal signal intensity in the aneurysmal wall and the pituitary stalk on postcontrast T1-weighted images. Data on aneurysm size, morphology, and location and patient demographics and comorbidities were collected. Use of ASA was defined as daily intake of ≥ 81 mg during the previous 6 months or longer. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors independently associated with increased contrast enhancement of UIAs on HR-VWI.

RESULTS

In total, 74 patients harboring 96 UIAs were included in the study. The mean patient age was 64.7 ± 12.4 years, and 60 patients (81%) were women. Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.19), aneurysm size ≥ 7 mm (OR 21.3, 95% CI 4.88–92.8), and location in the anterior communicating, posterior communicating, and basilar arteries (OR 10.7, 95% CI 2.45–46.5) were significantly associated with increased wall enhancement on HR-VWI. On the other hand, use of ASA was significantly associated with decreased aneurysmal wall enhancement on HR-VWI (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.83, p = 0.026).

CONCLUSIONS

The study results establish a correlation between use of ASA daily for ≥ 6 months and significant decreases in wall enhancement of UIAs on HR-VWI. The findings also demonstrate that detection of wall enhancement using HR-MRI may be a valuable noninvasive method for assessing aneurysmal wall inflammation and UIA instability.
Early coagulopathy in children with isolated blunt head injury is associated with mortality and poor neurological outcomes
Authors: James Vigil , Chong Shu-Ling , Shetty Shanti S. , Ong Gene Y.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of long-term disability and death in children and adolescents globally. Long-term adverse outcomes, including physical, cognitive, and behavioral sequelae, have been reported after TBI in a significant number of pediatric patients. In this study the authors sought to investigate the epidemiology of TBI-associated coagulopathy and its association with mortality and poor neurological outcome in a pediatric population with isolated moderate to severe blunt head injury treated at the authors’ institution.

METHODS

This retrospective study was conducted in the children’s emergency department between January 2010 and December 2016. Children < 18 years old who presented with isolated moderate to severe blunt head injury were included in the study. The authors collected data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, and TBI management. Outcomes studied were death and poor neurological outcome defined by a score of < 7 (death, moderate to severe neurological disability) at 6 months postinjury on the pediatric version of the Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended (GOS-E Peds).

RESULTS

In 155 pediatric patients who presented with isolated moderate to severe blunt head injury, early coagulopathy was observed in 33 (21.3%) patients during the initial blood investigations done in the emergency department. The mean (SD) age of the study group was 7.03 (5.08) years and the predominant mechanism of injury was fall from height (65.2%). The median Abbreviated Injury Scale of the head (AIS head) score was 4 and the median GCS score was 13 (IQR 12–15). TBI-associated coagulopathy was independently associated with GOS-E Peds score < 7 (p = 0.02, adjusted OR 6.07, 95% CI 1.32–27.83). The overall mortality rate was 5.8%. After adjusting for confounders, only AIS head score and hypotension at triage remained significantly associated with TBI-associated coagulopathy.

CONCLUSIONS

TBI-associated coagulopathy was independently associated with GOS-E Peds score < 7 at 6 months postinjury. Larger prospective studies are needed to investigate the use of TBI-associated coagulopathy to prognosticate these critical clinical outcomes.
Weihrauch and constructive reducibility between existence statements
Authors: Fujiwara Makoto
Published: March 2020

We formalize the primitive recursive variants of Weihrauch reduction between existence statements in finite-type arithmetic and show a meta-theorem stating that the primitive recursive Weihrauch reducibility verifiably in a classical finite-type arithmetic is identical to some formal reducibility in the corresponding (nearly) intuitionistic finite-type arithmetic for all existence statements formalized with existential free formulas. In addition, we demonstrate that our meta-theorem is applicable in some concrete examples from classical and constructive reverse mathematics.
Institutional contexts of LIS education in Poland1
Authors: Gruszka Zbigniew
Published: March 2020

The main objective of this article is to show the evolution of the LIS education in Poland, from the first forms of education programmes for librarians to the current situation. The author, using the method of document analysis and the deductive method, selected the most important dates, facts and factors that had an impact on the Polish LIS education. The study showed that in the field of LIS, the Polish educational market is strongly institutionalized and varies depending on the university.
Heart rate variability as a possible predictor of sport performance in junior rhythmic gymnastics
Authors: Urzeală Constanta , Bota Aura , Serbanoiu Sorin , Mezei Mariana , Dutheil Frederic , Courteix Daniel
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Heart rate variability may reveal sensitive information about the athletes’ physiological adaptation when exercising for sport performance.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether heart rate variability (HRV) measurements were able to predict sport results and determine which type of measurements, at rest or during routines, were relevant in anticipating the performance.

METHOD:

Ten female gymnasts, aged 11–14 years old, and 16 age-matched non-active adolescents participated in this study. HRV was measured at rest for 10 minutes and throughout the training routines one week prior to competition. Correlations and multivariate analysis determined the parameters predicting performance. Significance was set at [Formula: see text] 0.05.

Results:

At rest, the gymnasts displayed higher HRV values than controls. At rest, sympathetic parameters correlated with sport results whereas no correlation was observed during routines. The magnitude of the predictive factors highlighted the importance of Ln SD2 (coefficient [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]117, 95CI [Formula: see text]130 to [Formula: see text]106), Ln RMSSD (coefficient [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]24.5, 95CI [Formula: see text]29.2 to [Formula: see text]19.8), Ln pNN50 (coefficient [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]10.7, 95CI [Formula: see text]11.5 to [Formula: see text]9.9), and Ln Total power (coefficient [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]2.5, 95CI [Formula: see text]13.4 to [Formula: see text]11.5).

CONCLUSIONS:

HRV at rest may predict results in competition, being a complementary tool for coaches.
Amyloid-β Fosters p35/CDK5 Signaling Contributing to Changes of Inhibitory Synapses in Early Stages of Cerebral Amyloidosis
Authors: Kiss Eva , Groeneweg Femke , Gorgas Karin , Schlicksupp Andrea , Kins Stefan , Kirsch Joachim , Kuhse Jochen
Published: March 2020

Early changes in inhibitory synapse connectivities are thought to contribute to the excitation/inhibition imbalance preceding neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, we reported a robust increase in the level of different key-proteins of inhibitory synapses in hippocampal subregions of pre-symptomatic APPswe-PS1 mice, a model of cerebral amyloidosis. Besides increased inhibitory synaptic clusters on parvalbumin-positive projections in CA1 and CA3, we observed impaired communication between these two hippocampal areas of young APP-PS1 mice. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of gephyrin, a major organizer of inhibitory synapses, was also increased. Here, we demonstrate that the protein levels of CDK5, a kinase involved in the phosphorylation of gephyrin, and its regulatory protein p35 are also significantly increased in hippocampal subregions of young APP-PS1 mice. Consistently, the expression of hAPP-swe in cultured hippocampal neurons resulted in higher p35-protein levels, indicating a possible molecular link between increased Aβ-production and the elevated p35/CDK5 levels seen in vivo. Further, a shRNA mediated downregulation of p35-expression in hippocampal neurons correlated with a decrease in gephyrin phosphorylation and in a reduced density of synaptic γ2-GABAA-receptor clusters. These findings, together with the detection of gephyrin colocalization with CDK5 and p35 by immunostaining and proximity ligation experiments in vivo and in vitro, are supporting our hypothesis that Aβ has a profound impact on inhibitory network properties, likely mediated at least in part by p35/CDK5 signaling. This further underscores the impact of altered inhibitory synaptic transmission in AD.
Cognitive Functions as Predictors of Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker Status in the European Prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia Cohort
Authors: Terrera Graciela Muniz , Harrison John E. , Ritchie Craig W. , Ritchie Karen
Published: March 2020

Alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers have been observed decades before the onset of dementia. Cognitive dysfunction, while central to the clinical diagnosis of AD, has long been considered as a late-stage phenomenon. This assumption is currently challenged and signals on some cognitive tests are now being observed within the preclinical stage. As part of the European Prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia (EPAD) project, a battery of cognitive tests has been proposed (the EPAD Neuropsychological Examination, ENE) which is designed to detect cognitive changes in persons without clinical signs of AD but who are at high risk. Analysis of results from the 361 participants with complete measures and without dementia recruited into the EPAD Longitudinal Cohort Study showed that the majority have elevated biomarker levels, with significant associations between an episodic verbal memory task and tau, while amyloid-β (Aβ) was associated with a central executive task. These preliminary findings suggest that profiles of cognitive performance may be specific to a given biomarker, with a primarily hippocampal task being associated with higher levels of tau and a frontal executive task being associated with higher levels of Aβ. While previous research has focused on the relationship between cognition and levels of Aβ, our findings suggest that p-tau may potentially be a more significant correlate.
Risk of Hospitalization in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia: Time to and Length of Stay
Authors: Oesterhus Ragnhild , Dalen Ingvild , Bergland Anne Katrine , Aarsland Dag , Kjosavik Svein R.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Patients with dementia are at high risk of being hospitalized, but there is little knowledge whether this applies to all forms of dementia.

Objective:

To investigate if there are differences in hospitalization between patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD), and further, to compare admission rate with the general age-matched population.

Methods:

Patients (age 75.7±7.4) recently diagnosed with mild form of AD ( n = 110) or LBD ( n = 91) were included from outpatient clinics. The participants were followed from time of diagnosis, for five years or until death. Study outcomes were time to first hospitalization after diagnosis, number of admissions, total number of hospital days, and length of stay. Age-standardized admission ratios were calculated. Time to first admission was analyzed using competing risks regression models, and differences in number of hospitalizations and hospital days were addressed using negative binomial regression models.

Results:

More than 77% of the patients were admitted, largely as unplanned hospitalizations. Patients with LBD had significantly shorter time until first hospitalization (median 1.28 years, 95% CI 0.93–1.67 versus AD: 2.32 years, 95% CI 1.74–3.31) and more days in hospital (median 13 days, IQR 4, 38), than patients with AD (7 days, IQR 0, 18).

Conclusion:

Our data indicates that patients with LBD have shorter time until first admission and higher admission rate than AD patients. This imposes a great burden on patients, their family, and the health care system. More knowledge about hospital admissions of people with dementia is needed. Future studies should investigate strategies to avoid potentially preventable admissions.