bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tetranuclear Polypyridyl Complexes of RuII and FeII: Synthesis, Electrochemical, Photophysical and Photochemical Behaviour
Authors: Lombard Jean , Romain Sophie , Dumas Stéphane , Chauvin Jérôme , Collomb Marie‐Noëlle , Daveloose Denis , Deronzier Alain , Leprêtre Jean‐Claude
Published: July 2005

Three heterotetranuclear complexes [{RuII(bpy)2(LLn)}3FeII]8+ {bpy = 2,2'‐bipyridine, n = 2, 4, 6; denoted [{Ru(LLn)}3Fe]8+}, in which one iron centre is complexed by three RuII‐tris‐bipyridine‐like moieties containing covalently bridging bis‐bipyridine LLn ligands, have been synthesised and characterised. The stability and the electrochemical, photophysical and photochemical properties of these complexes have been investigated in CH3CN. The cyclic voltammograms of all complexes exhibit two successive reversible oxidation processes in the positive region, corresponding to the FeII/FeIII and RuII/RuIII redox couples. These systems are clearly separated (ΔE1/2 about 300 mV), which indicates the absence of an electronic connection between the two subunits. In the negative region, three successive reversible four‐electron systems are observed, corresponding to the ligand‐based reduction processes. The two oxidized forms of the complexes [{RuII(LLn)}3FeIII]9+ and [{RuIII(LLn)}3FeIII]12+, which are obtained by two successive exhaustive electrolyses, are very stable. The [{Ru(LLn)}3Fe]8+ complexes are luminescent, which shows that the covalent linkage between the RuII‐tris‐bipyridine and FeII‐tris‐bipyridine subunits leads to an only partial quenching of the RuII* excited states by energy transfer to the FeII centre. The luminescence lifetime and quantum yield are found to be independent of the complexes’ concentration, thus indicating that the energy‐transfer process is only due to an intramolecular electron‐exchange mechanism. Quantitative photoinduced oxidation of the tetranuclear complexes has been performed by continuous photolysis experiments in the presence of a large excess of a diazonium salt, which plays the role of a sacrificial oxidant. Two successive oxidation processes (FeII → FeIII and RuII → RuIII) are observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Preparation and Photochemistry of Dendrimers with Isolated Stilbene Chromophores
Authors: Soomro Shahid A. , Benmouna Reda , Berger Rüdiger , Meier Herbert
Published: July 2005

In addition to the model compounds 4a and 4b, the dendrimers 11 and 14 with trans‐stilbene chromophores in the core and on the periphery of the dendrons were prepared and their photochemistry was studied in solution and in neat films. Due to the flexibility of the arms, intramolecular and intermolecular CC bonds are formed on irradiation. Thus, the generation of nanoparticles, which represent small oligomers, is much more likely than for the cross‐linking of rigid, cross‐conjugated stilbenoid dendrimers. The photoreactions in solution were studied by UV and NMR spectroscopy, the transformation of the films was studied by AFM. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Diastereoselective Dimerisation of Alkenylthiazolines: A Combined Synthetic and Computational Study
Authors: Beutler Ariane , Davies Christopher D. , Elliott Mark C. , Galea Natasha M. , Long Matthew S. , Willock David J. , Wood John L.
Published: July 2005

The acylative dimerisation of 2‐alkenyl‐1,3‐thiazolines 1 gives compounds 3 and 8 upon treatment with trichloroacetyl chloride and trifluoroacetic anhydride, respectively. This reaction is completely diastereoselective, in particular giving only a single double‐bond isomer. The scope of the reaction has been evaluated synthetically, while a computational study has elucidated the mechanism of the reaction and the origin of stereocontrol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
MF tricyclic and sulindac retard tumor formation in an animal model
Authors: Dvory‐Sobol Hadas , Kazanov Diana , Liberman Eliezer , Birkenfeld Shlomo , Bulvik Benny , Luk Pauline , Leshno Moshe , Arber Nadir
Published: July 2005

New selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors offer the benefit of cancer protection with less gastrointestinal toxicity associated with nonselective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We hypothesize that MF tricyclic and sulindac can retard all stages of tumor formation in nude mice. In a blinded placebo controlled study, 3 types of experiments were performed: 1) 2.5 × 106 cells were injected into 2 flanks of nude mice subcutaneously, as a model for in situ cancer (n=192); 2) 1 × 106 cells were injected into the cecum of mice as a model for in situ colorectal cancer (n=78) and 3) 0.5 × 106 cells were implanted into the splenic subcapsule to establish a colorectal cancer liver metastasis model (n=78). The animals were fed with standard chow containing either placebo, MF tricyclic (67 mg/kg of chow) or sulindac (150 mg/kg of chow). Mice that were given MF tricyclic or sulindac, at clinical anti‐inflammatory plasma concentrations, were significantly more tumor free and had significantly smaller primary tumors and fewer metastases, as compared to mice that consumed placebo. The mortality and the latency period were significantly better in the treatment groups. These findings suggest that selective COX‐2 inhibitors may serve as an adjunct to standard therapy in colorectal cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete surfaces in the hyperbolic space with a constant principal curvature
Authors: Aledo Juan A. , Gálvez José A.
Published: July 2005

In this paper we study complete orientable surfaces with a constant principal curvature R in the 3‐dimensional hyperbolic space H3. We prove that if R2 > 1, such a surface is totally umbilical or umbilically free and it can be described in terms of a complete regular curve in H3. When R2 ≤ 1, we show that this result is not true any more by means of several examples. This contradicts a previous statement by Zhisheng [6]. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the wellposedness of the Cauchy problem for weakly hyperbolic equations of higher order
Authors: D'Ancona Piero , Kinoshita Tamotu
Published: July 2005

We study the wellposedness in the Gevrey classes Gs and in C∞ of the Cauchy problem for weakly hyperbolic equations of higher order. In this paper we shall give a new approach to the case that the characteristic roots oscillate rapidly and vanish at an infinite number of points. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analyticity of the resolvent for elastic waves in a perturbed isotropic half space
Authors: Kawashita Mishio , Kawashita Wakako
Published: July 2005

In this article the analytic and asymptotic properties of the resolvent for elastic waves in a three dimensional domain perturbed from the isotropic half space R3+ are studied. In this case, the asymptotic expansion of the resolvent at the origin has logarithmic terms. This property is totally different from the case of the whole 3‐dimensional space. The existence of the surface waves like the Rayleigh waves makes this difference. As an application of the asymptotic properties of the resolvent, the rate of the local energy decay estimates for the dynamical equations is obtained. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface Fixing Effect of Vacuum Evaporated Particles on Polyethylene Single Crystals
Authors: Lü Kangbo , Yang Decai
Published: July 2005

Summary: The recrystallization behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) single crystals with vacuum evaporated metal chromium or carbon on their surface has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED) techniques. The results indicate that the particle‐coated HDPE single crystals can retain their single crystal structure after complete melting and subsequent recrystallization, with the heat‐treated temperature as high as 200 °C. This phenomenon is attributed to a surface fixing effect of vacuum evaporated Cr or carbon on the single crystals.

A bright‐field electron micrograph and the corresponding electron diffraction pattern of recrystallized Cr‐coated HDPE single crystals.

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A bright‐field electron micrograph and the corresponding electron diffraction pattern of recrystallized Cr‐coated HDPE single crystals.
Proteins in vacuo: Denaturing and folding mechanisms studied with computer‐simulated molecular dynamics
Authors: Arteca Gustavo A. , Reimann C.T. , Tapia O.
Published: July 2005

I.
Introduction
402

II.
Experiments and Simulations: Background
403

III.
Unfolding Studies
406

A.  Centrifugal Unfolding of Neutral Proteins
407

B.  Unfolding by Coulombic Repulsion
409

C.  Unfolding by Screened van der Waals Attraction
411

IV.
Refolding Studies
412

V.
Closing Remarks
414

VI.
Acknowledgments
415

Appendix 1. Molecular Shape Descriptors for Protein Backbones
416

Appendix 2. MD Simulations
417

References
419

Mounting evidence from experiments suggests that the native fold in solution is metastable in dehydrated proteins. Results from a number of experiments that use mass spectrometry indicate also that folding–unfolding transitions take place in protein ions even in the absence of water. These observations on anhydrous proteins call for a re‐evaluation of our understanding of the folding transition. In this context, computer‐assisted simulations are an important complementary tool. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress on the simulation of proteins in vacuo. In particular, we discuss the response of proteins and protein ions to perturbations that trigger unfolding and re‐folding transitions. By comparing the general patterns emerging from theory and experiment, we propose a series of new measurements that could help to validate, and improve, current simulation models. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 20:402–422, 2001; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mas.10012
Regulation of TIMP‐2, MT1‐MMP, and MMP‐2 expression during C2C12 differentiation
Authors: Lluri Gentian , Jaworski Diane M.
Published: July 2005

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc‐dependent proteases capable of degrading extracellular matrix components. The activity of these proteases is tightly regulated through the actions of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Although the regulation of MMPs and TIMPs during physiological and pathological remodeling has been investigated in a number of systems, almost nothing is known about their role in skeletal muscle differentiation. To investigate the role of MMP‐mediated proteolysis during myogenesis, the regulation of TIMP‐2, MT1‐MMP, and MMP‐2 expression was investigated during differentiation of the mouse myoblastic C2C12 cell line. We show that this trio is upregulated coincident with myogenesis. The more diffuse spatial distribution of TIMP‐2 relative to MT1‐MMP and MMP‐2 suggests that TIMP‐2 may exert MMP‐independent functions during myogenesis. Elucidating the regulation of these molecules during muscle differentiation in vitro may lead to a better understanding of their role in pathological processes in muscle tissue in vivo. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Different types of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy have a different clinical course and response to treatment
Authors: Jann Stefano , Beretta Sandro , Bramerio Manuela A.
Published: July 2005

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) can occur in association with other systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and IgG or IgA monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Whether CIDP that is idiopathic (I‐CIDP) or associated with diabetes (CIDP‐DM) or MGUS (CIDP‐MGUS) differ in clinical presentation, laboratory features, response to treatment, and long‐term outcome is unclear, as is the relationship between these coexisting diseases and CIDP. In order to clarify this issue, we began a prospective follow‐up study. Thirty‐one consecutive patients with untreated CIDP, fulfilling the most restrictive diagnostic criteria, were enrolled over 18 months. Among the patients, 16 were diabetic, 7 had a MGUS, and 8 had an idiopathic CIDP. All patients were treated with IVIg, and the responders were treated again if they relapsed. In all three groups, improvement occurred after treatment. At the end of the follow‐up, there was no difference in clinical conditions between groups, but a significant difference existed in the number of relapses and of IVIg administrations. CIDP‐DM is a more severe disease, but with a significantly better response to IVIg and fewer relapses, than the other types that we studied. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III) oxidation of substituted 4‐oxo acids: a mechanistic study
Authors: Pushparaj F. J. Maria , Kannan S. , Vikram L. , Kumar Lalitha S. , Rangappa K. S.
Published: July 2005

The kinetics of the oxidation of substituted 4‐oxo‐4‐arylbutanoic acids by hexacyanoferrate(III) in aqueous alkaline medium were studied. The reactions are found to be first order in each of the reagents, the oxo acid, hydroxide ion and the hexacyanoferrate(III) ion. A mechanism involving the formation of enolate anion from the oxo compound and subsequent rate‐determining electron transfer is proposed. Application of the Olson–Simonson rule substantiated the participation of negatively charged ions in the rate‐determining step. The experimental rate constant is found to be composite, being the product of the equilibrium constant for the enolate anion formation and the rate constant of the oxidation step (Kk2). The effect of addition of solvents such as methanol and DMSO is discussed and a quantitative relationship is derived between the ionic strength and the composite rate constant. The low activation energies and even the negative activation energy in the oxidation of 4‐(3‐nitrophey1)‐4‐oxobutanoic acid are explained. The ρ values are positive and decrease with temperature. Contrary to the expected electronic effect, the methyl group in the ortho position accelerates the reaction owing to steric factors. From the intersection of the lines in the Hammett and Arrhenius plots, the isokinetic relationship is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoresponsive micelles from well‐defined block copolymers synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Liu Bo , Perrier Sébastien
Published: July 2005

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) homopolymers synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization were used as macro‐chain‐transfer agents to synthesize smart amphiphilic block copolymers with a switchable hydrophilic–hydrophobic block of PNIPAAm and a hydrophilic block of poly(N‐dimethylacrylamide). All polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, 1H NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry. The reversible micelles formed by the block copolymers of various compositions in aqueous solutions were characterized by 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering, and tensiometry. Micelles were observed in the aqueous solutions when the temperature was increased to 40 °C because of the collapse of the PNIPAAm structure, which led to a PNIPAAm hydrophobic block. The drug loading capacity was illustrated with the use of the solvatochromic Reichardt's dye and measured by ultraviolet–visible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3643–3654, 2005
Syntheses of trimethoxysilyl‐endcapped polylactones via 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Hachmann‐Thiessen Heiko , Schwarz Gert
Published: July 2005

Monofunctional polylactones were prepared by Bu2Sn(OMe)2‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (εCL) followed by acylation with bromoacetylbromide. Telechelic polylactones and polylactides were prepared via ring‐expansion polymerization with 2,2‐dibutyl‐2‐stanna‐1,3‐dioxepane (DSDOP) or 2,2‐dibutyl‐2‐stanna‐pentaoxacyclotridecane (Bu2SnTEG) as cyclic initiator. In situ combination of the polymerization with condensation by means of bromoacetylbromide yielded polylactones having bromoacetate endgroups. These endgroups were subjected to nucleophilic substitution with 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (3‐MPTMS). Analogous experiments were conducted with dl‐lactide. The telechelic trimethoxysilyl‐endcapped polylactones were characterized by viscosity, 1H and 13C NMR‐spectroscopy, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The mass spectra revealed small amounts of cyclic oligolactones as byproducts in all samples. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3667–3674, 2005
Effect of pyridazine structure on thin‐film polymerization and phase behavior of thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters
Authors: Teoh M. M. , Liu S. L. , Chung T. S.
Published: July 2005

An intensive study has been conducted to compare the effects of malei hydrazine (MH) and hydroquinone (HQ) on the liquid crystallinity and phase transition behavior in the ABA/HQ/TFTA and ABA/MH/TFTA copolyesters (p‐acetoxybenzoic acid (ABA) and tetrafluoroterephthalic acid (TFTA)). These two copolyesters were prepared by thin‐film polymerization and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing light microscope (PLM), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), as well as Cerius2 computational simulation. Characterization and comparison of the liquid crystalline (LC) evolution and morphology changes of HQ moiety with corresponding MH moiety suggest that ABA/MH/TFTA system is energetically favorable to mesophase formation than ABA/HQ/TFTA system. When the films are quenched, a surface microcrack decoration is observed in both systems. Both systems, which have the persistence ratio larger than 6.42, satisfy the minimum requirement for the LC formation by molecular science software. The ABA/MH/TFTA film exhibits only one single peak transition. However, two distinct transitions have been observed in the ABA/HQ/TFTA system. The average Avrami exponent, n, is ∼1.2, and PLM and WAXD results suggest mesophase transition in ABA/MH/TFTA film. As reflected by the results obtained from PLM, WAXD, and DSC studies, the phase transition is confirmed as crystal → nematic → isotropic in ABA/HQ/TFTA copolyester. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2230–2242, 2005
Alternating copolymer of thiophene andN‐(phenylethynyl)pyrrole. New π‐conjugated alternating five‐membered ring copolymer and its packing structure
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu , Mahmut Abla , Abe Masahiro , Kuroda Shin‐Ichi , Imase Tatsuya , Sasaki Shintaro
Published: July 2005

An alternating copolymer, Copoly‐1, of thiophene and N‐(phenylethynyl)pyrrole was prepared by palladium‐catalyzed polycondensation. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that Copoly‐1 formed a stacked packing structure with doubly‐running polymer main chains. Optical data support the molecular and packing structures of Copoly‐1. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2219–2224, 2005
On the relation between positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and lattice‐hole‐theory free volume
Authors: Consolati G. , Quasso F. , Simha R. , Olson B. G.
Published: July 2005

A coincidence between the temperature‐dependent hole (free volume) fraction h above the glass transition temperature, derived from lattice‐hole theory, and the corresponding function hPs obtained from positronium lifetime spectroscopy has been previously observed for four polystyrene fractions ranging from 4000 to 400,000 in molar mass. This result was based on the assumed proportionality of hPs and the product of the orthopositronium intensity I3 and the mean cavity volume, the proportionality constant C being molar mass dependent. However, a recent analysis of the data based on volume arguments by Olson and Jamieson revealed systematic departures between the two sets of free volume functions. We reexamine the situation by departing from the customary assumption of spherical cavities, and allowing for nonspherical geometries represented by prismatic or cylindrical disks. Agreement between spectroscopic and thermodynamic functions ensues with fixed, temperature‐independent asymmetry factors decreasing with increasing molar mass. These tentative findings suggest that systematic studies of melts with varying chain flexibility and molar mass should be attempted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2225–2229, 2005
Economical Advantages of Low‐Pressure Plasma Polymerization Coating
Authors: Yasuda Hirotsugu , Matsuzawa Yasuo
Published: July 2005

Summary: Low‐pressure plasma polymerization coating, as described in this paper, is an ultimately green process that uses a minimum amount of substances and produces a minimum amount of effluent and hence does not require an environmental remediation process. The super‐green aspect of the processing entirely changes the equation for the viability of the process in industrial applications. The main hampering factors for the low‐pressure processes are 1) psychological fear of vacuum processes, 2) relatively high initial equipment costs, and 3) a lack of adequate cost estimate for the entire process. In many cases, the first two factors are enough for planners to shy away from this promising technology. However, when one examines the overall cost of processing as a whole, the cost of initial equipment often is not the decisive factor. Such cases are presented in the nano‐film coating applied in corrosion protection of aluminum alloys, steel, and surface‐state modification of contact lenses. The benefits of environmental friendliness, non‐hazardous processing and superior performance of products that can be achieved only by low‐pressure plasma polymerization coatings are more than enough to compensate the initial cost of the equipment.

For nanofilm (20 nm) coatings, the most expensive annual operation cost is for wastewater treatment, which is much more than the initial cost of vacuum plasma polymerization reactor.

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For nanofilm (20 nm) coatings, the most expensive annual operation cost is for wastewater treatment, which is much more than the initial cost of vacuum plasma polymerization reactor.
ASF/SF2 and SC35 regulate the glutamate receptor subunit 2 alternative flip/flop splicing
Authors: Crovato Trine Elkjær , Egebjerg Jan
Published: July 2005

The properties of the glutamate receptor subunits 1–4 (GluR1–4) are influenced by the alternative splicing of two homologous and mutually exclusive exons flip and flop. The flip form is most abundant during early development, while the flop form is dominant in adults. From transfections with a GluR2 mini‐gene we show that flip is the preferred splice form in all tested cell lines, but coexpression of the SR‐proteins ASF/SF2 and SC35 increases the flop to flip splice ratio. The increased flop incorporation depends on ASF/SF2‐ and SC35‐dependent enhancer elements located in the flop exon, which stimulate the splicing between the flop exon and the preceding exon 13.
PROPRIETARY ESTOPPEL AND PROPERTY RIGHTS
Authors: Bright Susan , McFarlane Ben
Published: July 2005

THIS article focuses on a particular aspect of the operation of proprietary estoppel: it asks when a proprietary estoppel claim will give rise to a property right. The inquiry proceeds on the linked assumptions that proprietary estoppel is a means of acquiring rights and that rights thereby arising take effect immediately, without the need for any court order. Like any other means of acquiring rights, proprietary estoppel can give rise either to personal rights or to property rights: in some cases the estoppel claimant is acknowledged to have a personal right (e.g. to damages or a licence to use land); in others a property right (e.g. a lien; an easement; a lease; or a freehold). The central argument of this article is that proprietary estoppel should give rise to a property right only if that is necessary to protect the claimant’s reasonable reliance. Where a personal right gives sufficient protection that will have to do, whatever the claimant may have been promised or expected; this may well mean that the circumstances in which a property right arises are more narrow than has been thought.
From Syndicalism to Seattle: Class and the Politics of Identity
Authors: Burgmann Verity
Published: July 2005

In the first half of the twentieth century the labor movement promoted the notion of separate working-class values and interests—evident for example in American and European syndicalism, British interwar Communism and Australian interwar Laborism—and was thus identifiable as a social movement. Like the new social movements of the 1960s and 1970s, this prewar identity politics successfully mobilized imagined political communities. By contrast, the retreat from emphasis on class difference and the turn to “equality of opportunity” politics, which Raymond Williams identified at midcentury and warned against, demobilized and weakened the labor movement. With class-based inequalities increasing from the 1970s, the decline of working-class identity politics ensured that the discrepancy between the objective importance of class and its subjective significance became especially marked. However, a newly forged identity politics of the world's economically exploited has recently reemerged in the movement against corporate globalization. From syndicalism to Seattle, we have witnessed the rise, retreat and resurgence of class identity politics.
The Inevitably Cultural Politics of Class: A Response to Verity Burgmann
Authors: Lowndes Joseph
Published: July 2005

In this response I argue that class politics are always experienced culturally, and open to diverse expressions in specific historical moments. I attempt to show that class politics did not so much die in the 1960s as get rearticulated through linkages to conservative political positions. Finally, I argue that a revival of class politics on the left depends on the possibility of linking class to the other “identity” positions that Burgmann sees as competitors.
Hard Times but No Hard Words: A Rejoinder
Authors: Burgmann Verity
Published: July 2005

“From Syndicalism to Seattle” was first delivered to ILWCH late in 2000, conceived during the highpoint of post-Seattle euphoria and before the events of 9/11. In some obvious ways the anticorporate movement in North America and Australia has since fallen on harder times due to: the necessary diversion of radical energies into the antiwar movement and opposition to inept and authoritarian counterterrorism initiatives; a reluctance on the part of some NGOs to continue campaigning in the prevailing conservative political climate; increased surveillance and repression of all forms of dissent and protest; and greatly reduced media coverage due to obsession with the “war on terror.” However, in Europe, South America, Asia, and Africa, gigantic mobilizations and/or spectacularly stubborn day-by-day forms of resistance have continued and grown. Obituaries to anticorporate activism, invariably focused on the United States, are generally ignorant of these important struggles. In any case, despite the harsher political environment in the United States since 9/11, there are also positive developments that reveal the extent to which the critique of corporate power has gained public attention and political traction. Consider, for instance, the recent emergence of anticorporate blockbuster movies, such as Super Size Me, Fahrenheit 9/11, The Corporation, and Outfoxed. This new cinematic genre bears the imprint of Seattle: it builds upon the radically democratic anticorporate analysis brought to prominence by the worldwide movement that burst upon the political scene late in 1999; and it provides a valuable and previously unavailable avenue for dissemination of anticorporate ideas. Rather than dying—as those who pen its obituaries fervently wish—the anticorporate movement in the heart of Empire is instead assuming new forms and finding new ways to promulgate its message.
Robert W. Cherny, William Issel, and Kieran Walash Taylor, eds.,American Labor and the Cold War: Grassroots Politics and Post War Political Culture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004. 320 pp. Paper $23.95
Authors: Mello William
Published: July 2005

Would the existing powerlessness of American unions be much different had organized labor not been the focus of cold-war repression in the late 1940s and 1950s? How did workers experience the anticommunist upsurge and reshape their political alliances in light of what some have called America's darkest political hour? American Labor and the Cold War is a collection of smart and challenging essays that examine the impact of cold war politics on organized labor and the labor-left. The authors explore the historical impact of the cold war and the constraints placed on working class political power in the United States immediately following the Second World War. They argue that the cold war on labor reflected a process that was driven by state-organized repressive measures that were sustained by regional political-cultural traditions and in some cases high levels of working-class conservatism. The essays highlight the efforts of conservative labor leaders to take control of left-led unions, purging Communist Party (CP) activists and their allies and the ways in which communists sought to resist the radical right-wing movement in their unions and surrounding communities.
Optimal Combination of Discriminators for Differentiating Ventricular from Supraventricular Tachycardia by Dual‐Chamber Defibrillators
Authors: GLIKSON MICHAEL , SWERDLOW CHARLES D. , GUREVITZ OSNAT T. , DAOUD EMILE , SHIVKUMAR KALYANAM , WILKOFF BRUCE , SHIPMAN TAMARA , FRIEDMAN PAUL A.
Published: July 2005

Introduction: Dual‐chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) use discriminators to differentiate between supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) and ventricular tachycardias (VT), the accuracy of which may depend on the type and method used. ICDs can combine rate branching of tachyarrhythmias according to their A:V relationship with two SVT‐VT discriminators in each rate branch, using ANY (either) or ALL (both) logic. Our goal was to determine the optimal discriminator combination.

Methods: Stored electrogram data from 596 spontaneous tachyarrhythmias from 203 patients with Photon DR ICDs were analyzed. Arrhythmias are first classified by the relationship of atrial and ventricular rates (rate branches V < A, V = A, and V > A) followed by additional discriminators: morphology and/or sudden onset if V = A; morphology and/or interval stability if V < A. Data were analyzed for all combinations of ANY and ALL logic.

Results: Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for all spontaneous episodes in each analysis. V = A branch: ALL logic produced unacceptably low sensitivity, whereas morphology provided only similar sensitivity but better specificity than ANY logic. A > V branch: ANY logic provided adequate sensitivity. The combination of morphology only in V = A with interval stability or morphology (ANY logic) in V < A, provided the optimal result with sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of 99%, 79%, 87%, and 98%, respectively.

Conclusion: SVT‐VT combined discriminators strongly influence dual‐chamber SVT‐VT discrimination performance. In our study, optimal programming is morphology only in the V = A branch and morphology or interval stability (ANY) in the V < A branch. ALL logic should be used with caution due to loss of sensitivity.
First principles investigation of chromium carbide, CrC
Authors: Kalemos Apostolos , Dunning Thom H. , Mavridis Aristides
Published: July 2005

We have investigated the electronic structure of 14 states of the experimentally unknown diatomic molecule chromium carbide, CrC, using standard multireference configuration interaction methods and high quality basis sets. We report potential curves, binding energies, and a number of spectroscopic parameters. The ground state of CrC, XΣ−3, displays triple-bond character with a binding energy of De=89kcal∕mol and an internuclear separation of re=1.63Å. The first excited state (1Σ−5) lies 9.2kcal∕mol higher. All the states studied are fairly ionic, featuring an electron transfer of 0.3–0.5e− from the metal atom to the carbon atom.
A Raman-scattering study on the interface structure of nanolayered TiAlN∕TiN and TiN∕NbN multilayer thin films grown by reactive dc magnetron sputtering
Authors: Barshilia Harish C. , Rajam K. S.
Published: July 2005

Nanolayered multilayer coatings of TiAlN∕TiN and TiN∕NbN were deposited on Si (100) substrates at various modulation wavelengths (i.e., bilayer thickness, Λ) using a reactive dc magnetron sputtering system. These coatings were characterized using micro-Raman spectroscopy to study the effect of interfaces on the optical-phonon modes. For TiAlN∕TiN multilayers, the optical-phonon band shifts to higher frequencies with a decrease in the modulation wavelength. Furthermore, the optical-phonon band shifts to higher frequencies with an increase in the substrate temperature for TiAlN∕TiN multilayers deposited at Λ=80Å. No such shift was observed for single-layer TiN and TiN∕NbN multilayer coatings. This observed shift has been attributed to interdiffusion between the layers during deposition, which is more for TiAlN∕TiN multilayers as compared to TiN∕NbN multilayers. The x-ray-diffraction data showed well-defined satellite reflections for TiN∕NbN multilayers at low modulation wavelengths and very weak satellite reflections for TiAlN∕TiN multilayers, indicating that interfaces were very broad for TiAlN∕TiN multilayers. The nanoindentation data showed no significant improvement in the hardness of TiAlN∕TiN multilayers as compared to the rule-of-mixture value, whereas TiN∕NbN multilayers showed an improvement in the hardness, which was two times the rule-of-mixture value. The low hardness of TiAlN∕TiN multilayers has been attributed to interfacial diffusion.
Atomic-scale study of boron implantation into amorphous carbon
Authors: Dai Yongbing , Yan Yijun , Wang Jun , Sun Baode , He Xianchang , Shen Hesheng
Published: July 2005

Boron implantation into amorphous carbon substrate has been investigated by molecular-dynamics simulation based on Tersoff empirical potential. The results show that the implanted boron atom is mainly fourfold coordinated. The average size of the implantation-affected region increases linearly with the kinetic energy of the incident boron atom from 150to300eV. Boron implantation leads to a great increase of the total number of the rings in amorphous carbon network and the larger the kinetic energy, the bigger the increasing number. A time-resolved analysis shows that the implantation process can be naturally divided into four stages, among which the second one featuring a decreased coordination number could be analogous to an endothermic reaction, while the third one featuring an increased coordination number could be analogous to an exothermic reaction, which explains why lower substrate temperature and higher thermal conductivity are favorable for achieving higher average coordination number.
Polymorphism in the ferromagnetic GaCrN-diluted magnetic semiconductor: Luminescence and structural investigations
Authors: Shanthi S. , Hashimoto M. , Zhou Y. K. , Kimura S. , Kim M. S. , Emura S. , Hasuike N. , Harima H. , Hasegawa S. , Ishimaru M. , Hirotsu Y. , Asahi H.
Published: July 2005

Luminescence properties of the transition-metal chromium-doped gallium nitride (GaCrN) epitaxial layers on sapphire substrates have been extensively studied by varying the doping level, excitation intensity, and temperature of study. Photoluminescence spectra of the doped films were found to be dominated by an excitonic peak around 3.25–3.29 eV in accordance with the doping level, due to the transition of neutral-donor bound excitions of GaCrN cubic modification. It is attributed that Cr, which is an acceptor in GaN matrix, acts as a surfactant and modifies the growth kinetics to induce phase modification from wurtzite to zinc blende of GaN. Moreover, Cr doping induced a blue band centered around 2.9 eV, which is a donor-acceptor pair, and also two bound excitonic lines at 3.36 and 3.31 eV at some locations of the sample: the expected origin of these is due to the transitions of excitons bound at the stacking faults which are formed due to the co-existence of hexagon and cubic modifications of GaN. The Raman-scattering spectra have also showed both the wurtzite GaN characteristic phonon signal E2 (high) at 568cm−1 and cubic GaN (TO)-phonon signal at 553cm−1, and confirmed the existence of polymorphism in the doped films. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron-diffraction patterns give a visual comparison and authenticate the doping-induced polymorphism in the GaCrN films.
Boundedness, invariant algebraic surfaces and global dynamics for a spectral model of large-scale atmospheric circulation
Authors: Dobrovolschi Dan , Llibre Jaume
Published: July 2005

We consider a three-dimensional quadratic system S in R3 with six parameters which appears in geophysical fluid dynamics (atmospheric blocking). In this paper we start its systematic study from the point of view of dynamical systems. First, we reduce the number of its parameters from six to three. Thus, we must study a three-dimensional quadratic system with three parameters, which recalls us the famous Lorenz-63 system. Traditionally, system S has been studied by considering two subcases, called the conservative and the dissipative case, as the parameter responsible for dissipation is zero or not. In the conservative case, we reduce system S to systems without parameters. Among these there are two interesting systems: one is homeomorphic to the simple pendulum, and the other is a perturbation of it. In the latter system the saddle point corresponding to topographic instability is connected to two homoclinic orbits to it. In the dissipative case we prove that all trajectories of system S enter in an ellipsoid for any values of the parameters. We characterize their invariant algebraic surfaces of degree 2, and for those systems having such invariant algebraic surfaces we describe their global phase portraits.
Efficient field emission from α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes on an atomic force microscope tip
Authors: Zhu Y. W. , Yu T. , Sow C. H. , Liu Y. J. , Wee A. T. S. , Xu X. J. , Lim C. T. , Thong J. T. L.
Published: July 2005

Aligned arrays of flake-shaped hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructure have been fabricated on an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. They are created by simply heating an iron-coated AFM tip in ambience on a hot plate. These nanoflakes are characterized as α-Fe2O3 single crystalline structures with tip radii as small as several nanometers and are highly effective as electron field emitters. With a vacuum gap of about 150μm, field emission measurements of α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes on AFM tips show a low turn-on voltage of about 400–600V and a high current density of 1.6Acm−2 under 900V. Such high emission current density is attributed to the nanoscale sharp tips of the as-grown nanoflakes. Based on the Fowler–Nordheim theory, it is demonstrated the enhancement factor of α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes on AFM tips is comparable to that of carbon nanotubes. Our findings suggest that α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes are potentially useful as candidates for future electron field emission devices.
Reply to Comments on 'Measuring Marine Iron(III) Complexes by CLE-AdSV'
Authors: Town Raewyn M. , van Leeuwen Herman P.
Published: July 2005

Environmental Context. The interpretation of CLE-AdSV based iron(iii) speciation data for marine waters has been called into question in light of the kinetic features of the measurement. The implications of the re-think may have consequences for understanding iron biogeochemistry and its impact on ecosystem functioning. The challenging of previously accepted results stimulated this debate on what is actually being measured by the CLE-AdSV technique.
Modelling seasonal and diurnal dynamics of stomatal conductance of plants in a semiarid environment
Authors: Gao Qiong , Yu Mei , Zhang Xinshi , Xu Hongmei , Huang Yongmei
Published: July 2005

Seasonal and diurnal stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration, and soil water contents of two shrubs of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. Sinensis Rousi and Caragana korshinskii Kom., two trees of Malus pomila Mill. and Robinia pseudoacacia L., and a forb, Artemisia gmelinii, were measured in field of the semiarid Loess Plateau, north China, during the growing season of 2002. We developed a dynamic, nonlinear semi-mechanistic model to relate stomatal conductance of these plants to soil water potential, incident photon flux density, vapour pressure deficit, and partial CO2 pressure, on leaf surface. The model can be easily adapted to ecosystem simulation because of its mathematical simplicity. Guard-cell osmotic pressure at zero light intensity, apparent elastic modulus of guard cells per leaf area, half-saturation light intensity, maximum light-inducible osmotic pressure, soil-to-leaf resistance at zero plant water potential, sensitivity of soil-to-leaf resistance to xylem water potential, and plant body water capacitance, are independent parameters of the model. The model was fitted to the field data of the five species with a non-linear least-square algorithm to obtain the parameters. The result indicates that the model explained, on average, 88% of seasonal and diurnal variation of stomatal conductance for the five species, in comparison with 67% of variation explained by an early model without plant body water capacitance. Comparisons of the physiological parameters among the species show that the woody species exhibited more tolerance for water stresses than the forb because of their higher dark osmotic pressure, greater capability of seasonal and diurnal osmotic regulation, and stiffer guard cell structure (or smaller stomatal density or both). A decreasing trend of soil-to-leaf resistance from the trees to the shrubs to the forb was found in this study. Midday depression of transpiration and stomatal conductance may or may not occur, depending on the magnitude of body water capacitance.
Hyperglycosylation of glycopeptidolipid of Mycobacterium smegmatis under nutrient starvation: structural studies
Authors: Mukherjee Raju , Gomez Manuel , Jayaraman Narayanaswamy , Smith Issar , Chatterji Dipankar
Published: July 2005

The presence of a polar species of glycopeptidolipid (GPL) in carbon-starvedMycobacterium smegmatishas been reported previously. In this study, the complete structure of this GPL is established with the help of MALDI-TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight) and ESI (electrospray ionization) -MS,13C-SEFT (spin echo Fourier transform) -NMR spectroscopy, and HPLC analysis. In the molecule, two units of a 3,4-di-O-methyl derivative of rhamnose are attached tol-alaninol via a 1→2 linkage. Various methyl derivatives of rhamnose and 6-deoxytalose were synthesized as standards to establish this structure. The accumulation of this polar GPL inM. smegmatisissigBdependent, as a SigB-overproducing strain ofM. smegmatisshows the presence of this spot in the exponential phase, and asigB-knockout strain ofM. smegmatisdoes not show the presence of any polar GPLs.
Discussion of “A Bayesian Approach to DNA Sequence Segmentation”
Authors: Booth Hilary S. , Burden Conrad J. , Maindonald John H. , Santoso Lucia , Wakefield Matthew J. , Wilson Susan R.
Published: July 2005

This article discusses the results in Boys and Henderson (2004, Biometrics60, 573–581) in which the authors propose a new approach to the classification of genomic DNA into a number of hidden Markov states with a variable order of dependency, potentially allowing for the high‐throughput detection of structure within genomic DNA. This article is likely to be an important point of departure for further modeling of this type. We question whether the genome of the bacteriophage lambda is the most appropriate example with which to demonstrate the method's effectiveness, whether it can be expected that the method will carry over to genomes where there is only one direction of transcription and no operon structure, and suggest a graphical display that seems to offer insight into the results. It would be interesting to see an analysis that uses the codon alphabet.
Myxofibrosarcoma (myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma) showing cutaneous presentation: report of two cases
Authors: Fujimura Taku , Okuyama Ryuhei , Terui Tadashi , Okuno Kousei , Masu Akiko , Masu Takashi , Chiba Shuko , Kunii Takahide , Tagami Hachiro , Aiba Setsuya
Published: July 2005

Myxofibrosarcoma or myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma is one of the most common fibroblastic sarcomas in older patients. It is characterized by a tendency for predominantly subcutaneous, multinodular, diffusely infiltrative growth, which may extend to the overlying dermis and present as a cutaneous lesion. Histologically, it comprises a spectrum ranging from hypocellular low‐grade myxoid to high‐grade pleomorphic sarcoma. Because the dermal presentation usually appears relatively banal, accurate diagnosis is sometimes challenging. In this report, we present two cases of myxofibrosarcoma with dermal involvement.
Interleukin‐10 promoter polymorphisms and atopic asthma in North Indians
Authors: Chatterjee R. , Batra J. , Kumar A. , Mabalirajan U. , Nahid S. , Niphadkar P. V. , Ghosh B.
Published: July 2005

Background
IL‐10 is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine primarily produced by monocytes and macrophages and plays a key role in asthma. IL10 gene, present in chromosome 1q31–q32, is regulated primarily by transcription and its expression is found to be lower in asthmatics. Earlier studies in diverse populations have identified several promoter polymorphisms. However, no study has been carried out in a genetically untapped large population from the Indian Subcontinent.

Objective
To investigate the association of the IL10 promoter polymorphisms and asthma in the North Indian population.

Methods
The association study was conducted in a case–control as well as in a family‐based design. Polymorphism at −1082 A/G, −819 C/T and −592 C/A nucleotides were genotyped in ethnically matched unrelated patients (N=272), unrelated controls (N=307) and nuclear families (N=164).

Results
A suggestive evidence of association was obtained for −1082 A/G polymorphism at the level of alleles and genotypes with asthma in the case–control study (P=0.03). A three‐locus haplotype (ATA) was found to be more in asthmatics than in control individuals (P=0.0085). On the other hand, a novel haplotype ATC was found to be more in controls than in asthmatics (P=0.012). These results were further tested in a family‐based study. A deviation of transmission was observed for the −1082 A/G polymorphism (P=0.003). The ATA haplotype showed a preferential transmission in asthmatics (P=0.03), while the GCC and a novel ATC haplotype showed preferential non‐transmission in asthmatic individuals (P=0.03 and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
Using both case–control and family studies, we provide suggestive evidence that the ATA haplotype is positively, whereas GCC and a novel ATC haplotypes of IL10 gene are negatively associated with asthma in Indian population. Our results are interesting enough as to intensify further research to elucidate the functional significance of these single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in asthma pathogenesis.