bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spectrum of Brittle Diabetes
Authors: Gill G V
Published: August 2022

A group of 42 severely brittle insulin dependent diabetic patients were studied, and compared with a similar number of ‘stable’ diabetic patients. Brittle diabetics were predominantly female (86% v 45%, P<0.01), were of younger age (mean±SD 27.9±12.8 years v 40.1±13.6 years, P<0.001), and of shorter duration of diabetes (13.7±9.4 years v 19.6±11.2 years, P<0.01). Control as measured by glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) was poorer (13.7±3.1% v 10.1±1.5%, P <0.001), and daily insulin dose higher (98±81 u v 47±14 u, P <0.001). There was no difference in diabetic complication rates, but psychosocial disturbances (74% v 17%) and factitious instability (40% v 2%) were highly significantly more common amongst brittle patients.

Examination of patterns of admission revealed most brittle diabetics to have hyperglycaemic problems (70%), mainly due to recurrent ketoacidosis (52%). Recurrent hypoglycaemia accounted for 12% of the group, and only 5/42 patients (12%) had mixed forms of instability.

Brittle diabetes is thus characterized by young age and female sex, and usually manifests itself as recurrent ketoacidosis or other forms of hyperglycaemic instability. Psychosocial problems and factitious metabolic decompensation are common.
Endotracheal Intubation Skills of Medical Students
Authors: O'Flaherty D , Adams A P
Published: August 2022

The ability and confidence of clinical medical students to insert endotracheal tubes correctly and quickly and to recognize oesophageal misplacement was evaluated. Ten (33%) of the medical students intubated the trachea correctly at their first attempt but 14 (47%) incorrectly identified the position of the endotracheal tube. However, recognition improved by their second and third attempts (70% and 80% respectively). Ninety-three percent of students intubated correctly on their third attempt.

Although medical students can obtain better results at correct tube placement with repeated attempts under optimum conditions — A practice effect — And do better at recognizing correct tube placement there is still a persistent failure to recognize endotracheal tube misplacement, ie oesophageal intubation. It is the ability to recognize oesophageal intubation promptly that is a life-saving skill. This essential skill should be taught during the introductory anaesthesia programme through the use of clinical patients.
Emotional Distress in Doctors: Sources, Effects and Help Sought
Authors: King M B , Cockcroft A , Gooch C
Published: August 2022

All doctors in a London Teaching Hospital were sent a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire, to study past episodes of emotional distress. We enquired about frequency of past and current emotional distress, sources of distress, effects on work and home life, type of help sought and perceived outcome of that help. Of 320 doctors, 210 (66%) responded. One hundred and forty-one (68%) reported previous episodes of moderate or severe emotional distress. Logistic regression revealed that distress was significantly more common in younger doctors and in women. Many respondents reported work problems as causing their distress and work was frequently adversely affected by episodes of distress. Professional help was rarely sought; non-professional help was from family and friends. Current emotional distress was related to a history of past distress, especially among the most junior doctors.

We conclude that past emotional distress is reported by most doctors, with work pressures an important contributing factor. Doctors do not appear to use available sources of professional help. Our findings confirm that doctors have difficulty disclosing psychological problems. Specific programmes aimed at prevention and management of distress in doctors need to be initiated and evaluated.
A Pilot Study of the Effect upon Multiple Sclerosis of the Menopause, Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Smith R , Studd J W W
Published: August 2022

A questionnaire enquiring about changes in severity of symptoms of multiple sclerosis with the menstrual cycle, menopause and use of hormone replacement therapy was answered retrospectively by 11 premenopausal and 19 postmenopausal women. Eighty-two per cent of menopausal women reported an increase in severity premenstrually. Of the postmenopausal women 54% reported a worsening of symptoms with the menopause, and 75% of those who had tried hormone replacement therapy reported an improvement. The results of this pilot study indicate the need for further research to clarify the effects of the menopause and hormone replacement therapy upon multiple sclerosis.
An Evaluation of the Royal Air Force Helicopter Search and Rescue Services in Britain with Reference to Royal Air Force Valley 1980–1989
Authors: Liskiewicz W J
Published: August 2022

The Royal Air Force (RAF) operates a helicopter Search and Rescue (SAR) service in the United Kingdom and territorial waters; it also provides a similar service in several locations abroad. A 10-year retrospective study of the SAR helicopter service operating from the RAF base at Valley on the island of Anglesey in North Wales is presented, with national SAR statistics over a similar period provided for comparison.

Analysis of records kept by SAR aircrew at RAF Valley shows that their assistance had been requested on 1490 occasions during the 10-year period studied; most of these requests were the result of incidents involving holidaymakers, particularly in the mountains or along the coast. The results illustrate the versatility and life-saving potential of a highly-skilled and motivated service able to work in adverse weather and dangerous locations. In the light of current debate, the value of aeromedical evacuation of seriously ill patients using helicopters is discussed.
Is Ophthalmic Therapy Often Overlooked in Hospital Wards?
Authors: Chong N H V , Murdoch J R
Published: August 2022

In a prospective study regarding the accuracy of ophthalmic drugs prescriptions of 55 inpatients in two general teaching hospitals, it was found that: only 27.3% of these patients had their ocular therapy correctly prescribed; 38.2% had their eye medications incorrectly prescribed; and 34.5% had no ophthalmic drugs prescribed. The authors conclude that more care during case history taking could prevent such errors.
Posterior Paroxysmal Discharge: An Aid to Early Diagnosis in Lafora Disease
Authors: Ponsford S , Pye I F , Elliot E J
Published: August 2022

Lafora body disease is a rare neurometabolic disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance. Symptoms begin in the second decade with progressive myoclonic epilepsy and survival is unusual beyond the age of 30. We report an electroencephalographic study in four cases of histologically proven Lafora body disease. Posterior epileptiform discharges were found even in the early stages of the disease and may assist in early diagnosis.
SPECT Imaging in the Diagnosis of Meniscal Tears
Authors: Grevitt M P , Allen P , Ryan P J , Fogelman I
Published: August 2022

Sixty patients scheduled for arthroscopy of a knee because of suspected meniscal tears had preoperative planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radionuclide scans. A crescentic pattern of uptake on the SPECT transaxial view was used as a criterion for diagnosing a tear of a meniscus. The sensitivity of the investigation was 77%, specificity 74%, negative predictive value (NPV) 65%, positive predictive value (PPV) 83%, and accuracy 76%. Tears of the posterior horn of the cartilage were also associated with intense focal uptake on the transaxial view as well as increased equilibrium activity in the adjacent femoral condyle. When these appearances were included as additional criteria the sensitivity rose to 90%, NPV 81%, and accuracy 84%. This study confirms the usefulness of SPECT imaging in identifying meniscal tears.
The Effect of a Helicopter Trauma Service on the Workload of Accident and Emergency Departments
Authors: Coats T J , Wilson A W
Published: August 2022

A helicopter trauma service caused little change in the number of patients seen in accident and emergency departments within its operating area. It is concluded that the formation of trauma networks will have little impact on the workload of non-specialist units.
Intracorporeal Laparoscopic Resections for Colorectal Cancer: Report of Cases of Abdominoperineal Rectal Excision and Right Hemicolectomy with 2 Year Follow-up
Authors: Roe A M , Harper R , Eltringham W K , Espiner H J
Published: August 2022

Techniques for total intracorporeal laparoscopic abdominoperineal excision of rectum and right hemicolectomy for colorectal cancer are described in two patients with 2-year follow-up. Potential advantages over laparoscopically assisted procedures may be offset by increased operating time and expense for right hemicolectomy but the laparoscopic approach seems well suited to abdominoperineal rectal excision. The use of a secure retrieval system is advocated for specimen removal after right hemicolectomy.
Management of Drug Misusers in Police Custody
Authors: Stark Margaret M
Published: August 2022

Police surgeons are increasingly being asked by the police to assess whether drug misusers held in police custody are fit to be detained and fit for interview. There has been little published on how they manage these questions, furthermore the management appears to vary in different parts of the country.

This study sets out to determine the attitudes and practise of police surgeons to the management of drug misusers in police custody.

A questionnaire was sent to the full members of the Association of Police Surgeons of Great Britain (APSGB) in March 1993. It was found that police surgeons are very aware of the increasing drug problem, indeed 76% reported that they were seeing an increasing number of drug misusers. However, they exhibit significantly negative attitudes to drug misusers and there is no common practice for prescribing controlled drugs. Fifty-two per cent said that on average they notified no drug misusers each month. Seventy-six per cent of respondents said they had received a hepatitis B immunization. The majority of respondents called for more training on drug problems.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for specific guidelines for police surgeons on the management of drug misusers in police custody to address the arbitrary nature of the current practice.
Non-Attendance at Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Potamitis T , Chell P B , Jones H S , Murray P I
Published: August 2022

Non-attendance at outpatient clinics is a common problem, resulting in inefficiency and wasted resources. To establish the reasons why patients failed to attend their outpatient clinic appointment and to assess what proportion of these failed attendances were potentially preventable, we conducted a 13-month prospective postal survey of clinic non-attenders to our hospital. Of 5248 appointments made during the study, 521 were not kept (9.9%). Of these, 224 patients replied to the questionnaire, a response rate of 43%, with new patients more likely to not attend than old patients (odds ratio 2.7, P>0.001). From the replies, 27.3% of non-attendances could be described as ‘clerical error’ with a further 17.9% due to patients failing to remember their appointment. Based on the replies received, a better organized outpatient booking system and a simple postal reminder could potentially prevent at least 40% of non-attendances.
Ginseng — A Root Just like a Carrot?
Authors: Wilkie Alcuin , Cordess Christopher
Published: August 2022

Ginseng has been used for thousands of years in the East as a ‘tonic’, and in recent years its use has extended to Western society. In the light of the current interest in complementary medicine, we summarize the effects and purported mechanisms of action of ginseng and present two vignettes of its use in relation to psychiatric patients, followed by a general discussion of the implications of the use of herbal products by these patients.
Tablet and Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes in the Elderly
Authors: Barnett A H
Published: August 2022

There are a range of therapeutic options available for the management of type 2 diabetes in the elderly. Diet remains the mainstay of treatment although this must be realistic. If diet alone is unsuccessful then, for most patients, short-acting sulphonylurea agents are the treatment of choice. Second line agents include the biguanide, metformin, or an α-glucosidase inhibitor. A significant proportion of type 2 diabetic patients will, however, eventually require insulin to alleviate symptoms of poor control and improve glycaemia. In this article I discuss the therapeutic options available for diabetic management in the elderly, with particular emphasis on the pros and cons of insulin treatment.
Are dietary pattern associated with alexithymia in Saudi adults?
Authors: Metwally Reham Shawky , Abdullah Ahmed Amr , AlAmmar Welayah A , Sebastian Tunny
Published: August 2022

Background

Alexithymia is characterized by difficulties in describing feelings and physical sensations. Few studies have shown that there is a relation between alexithymia and dietary habits.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of alexithymia and its association with dietary patterns among a sample of communities in the Eastern Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 247 participants, were selected using convenience sampling. A well-organized and valid online questionnaire was administered, which covered variables related to socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements, dietary patterns, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS).

Results

The prevalence of Alexithymia was found as 39.3%. Moreover, among the alexithymia and possible alexithymia groups, the majority eat pasta 1–4 times per week (70% and 67% respectively). Alexithemic participants eat fewer vegetables and fruits 46%), while the remaining eat more (70%), p = .001. Only 34% of the cases eat breakfast regularly (p = .005). Furthermore, the cases drink soft drinks and juices at meals more than controls in this study (p = .025).

Conclusion

The present study provides further experimental evidence which supports existing literature that indicating the strong association between alexithymia and unhealthy dietary patterns. Also, Alexithymia prevalence in our study is (39.3%) ; because of the cultural impact of the Saudi environment due to the fact that the face of Saudi women is not revealed, and because the face is one of the main sources of expression of feelings, which makes females unable to express or read feelings well.
Free vibration characteristics of viscoelastic nano-disks based on modified couple stress theory
Authors: Alizadeh Ali , Shishehsaz Mohammad , Shahrooi Shahram , Reza Arash
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the vibrational behavior of a viscoelastic and size-dependent nano-disk based on the modified couple stress theory (MCST). The material characteristics in nano-scale are modeled according to Zener viscoelastic constitutive relation. In addition, displacement components are defined based on classical plate theory. Leaderman integral is also used to determine the viscous parts of the stress tensor. Hamilton’s principle is utilized to derive the governing equations of motion for specifying the strain, kinetic energy, and viscous work. The obtained equations are discretized with the help of the Galerkin method and decoupled through the diagonalization procedure. Laplace transformation is employed to solve the resulting equations in differential–integral form. The damping ratio, the imaginary part and real part of the Eigen frequency of the considered nano-disk are calculated to investigate the effects of influential parameters on the nano-disk vibrational behavior. These parameters include nonlocal parameter boundary conditions, geometric constant, power constant, and element relaxation coefficient. Results obtained on different mode shapes indicate that increasing the dimensionless element relaxation coefficient is followed by a decrease in the imaginary part of the Eigen frequency regarding the energy dissipation as well as a decrease in the real part of the Eigen frequency. Furthermore, increasing the h/l ratio is accompanied by variations in the imaginary part, real part, and damping ratio. According to the results, the effect of damping on vibrational behavior of the nano disk is more distinguished for smaller values of h/l.
A visionary geography: Raúl Zurita and the problem of the land
Authors: Shea Michael Martin
Published: August 2022

This essay argues for a reconsideration of Raúl Zurita’s early poetry in the context of the agrarian question in Chilean socialism and neoliberalism. Countering readings of Zurita’s landscape poetics as primarily metonymic depictions of bodily trauma suffered by the victims of the Pinochet dictatorship, I argue that space as it appears in Zurita’s first two collections, Purgatorio and Anteparaíso, is a non-mimetic, discursive, and contradictory object. Through this rendering, Zurita’s poetic speaker offers what I term a “visionary geography” which denaturalizes the Chilean landscape and reflects the centrality of land use to the crisis and conflict of the 1970s.
Study on machinability of three-step drill in drilling Ti6Al4V
Authors: Chen Guoqing , Wu Shujing , Wang Dazhong , Dai Wenqing
Published: August 2022

As the research progresses, titanium alloy materials have more applications in aerospace and other fields. However, problems such as chip winding and serious tool wear are easy to occur in the machining process. In this research, the three-step drill has changed the main cutting-edge structure, which is more conducive to chip breakage. Firstly, the drilling force of the three-step drill bit is analyzed, and the alternating stress that makes the chip thickness change is obtained by the cutting-edge structure of the three-step drill bit. The simulation and experiment are verified by each other, and the feasibility of three-step drilling to improve the processing quality is obtained. The results show that the improved drill has good chip breaking performance, low thrust force, and better machining performance compared with the twist drill. In addition, the improved drill can obtain a more complete inner wall of the hole and reasonably improve the surface quality. Through experiments, it is found that changing cutting parameters such as feed rate has different effects on chip thickness, thrust and tool wear. It was found that the drilling force was reduced by drilling Ti6Al4V material with the three-step drill. Moreover, the three-step drill can produce smaller chip thicknesses and make the chip more prone to breakage when compared with the twist drill. The high wear of three-step drill bits can also be better weakened by coating materials.
Parametric calibration study of fused filament fabrication printing with large nozzle diameter
Authors: Vieira da Silva Diogo , Santana Leonardo , Magalhães António , Lino Alves Jorge
Published: August 2022

The trend toward the scalability of fused filament fabrication requires strategies to reduce printing time. One way consists in using calibrated nozzles with larger diameters. However, the reduction in manufacturing time is accompanied by reduced printing resolution and changes in the control of the material’s viscous behavior. In this work, the parametric calibration was performed on a 1 mm diameter nozzle printing cubic models in polylactic acid. The procedure was divided into three steps: (i) identification of printing defects; (ii) systematic parametric study (based on Taguchi method); and (iii) interactive parametric refinement. The calibration of the 1 mm nozzle involved the analysis of six fused filament fabrication variables: layer thickness, extrusion temperature, extrusion multiplier, infill speed, perimeters speed, and first layer speed. Their effects were analyzed considering esthetic quality, dimensional and shape conformity, mass, and compression modulus variation of the parts. Despite the high degree of customization of fused filament fabrication printers, the results show that switching to a larger nozzle is not “plug-and-play”. The user needs to know the correlations between the printability of the material and the effects of the variables involved in slicing, especially extrusion multiplier and layer thickness. Both variables act directly on the main problem of printing with a 1 mm nozzle, controlling the extrusion volume with the best accommodation of the material between and within layers. The main contribution of the study highlights that large diameter nozzles can induce poorly distributed accumulations of excess material, which decreases the quality of surfaces, deforms parts, destabilizes dimensions, and disorganizes the mesostructure (reducing rigidity) of the models. Finally, the parameter refinement process defined a base configuration for future studies to improve 3D printing with 1 mm nozzles.
Pap smear outcomes in elderly women living with HIV and HIV-negative matched controls
Authors: Klein Kylie L , Goron Abby R , Taylor Gregory H , Roque Dana M
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To describe risk factors/incidence of abnormal cervical/vaginal cytology/histology and cancer among women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) ≥65 years compared to HIV-negative matched controls

Study Design

Retrospective cohort of patients who underwent Pap screening at the University of Maryland 01/2003-04/2019.

Results

WLHIV and HIV-negative controls ( n = 70 each) underwent 140/151 Pap tests, respectively. Among WLHIV, 29% exhibited abnormal results and were less likely than HIV-negative women with normal Paps to have had serially negative Pap tests prior to age 65 ( p = .03). In both groups, 1.4% developed cervical cancer. Abnormal Paps were more frequent in WLHIV than in HIV-negative women (31% vs 10%, p < .0001, RR:3.2, 95%CI1.9–5.4) as was HRHPV (high-risk human papillomavirus) status (43% vs 19%, p = .0233, RR:2.3, 95%CI1.2–4.6). The RR for an abnormal Pap was 2.6 (95% CI:1.1–4.2) for VL >1000 copies/mL and 0.4 (95% CI:0.2–0.7) for CD4 count of >200 cells/μL. No individual with an initially normal Pap experienced an abnormal result over a mean of 42.5 and 43.5 months in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups, respectively.

Conclusions

HIV status was associated with a higher rate of abnormal Pap/HRHPV; however, no significant difference in cervical/vaginal cancer. Elevated VL/low CD4 count were associated with greater risk for an abnormal Pap.
Psychiatric hospital, domestic strategies and gender issues in Tokyo, c. 1920–45
Authors: Suzuki Akihito
Published: August 2022

This paper explores domestic dynamics in the complex making of institutional psychiatry in Japan in c. 1920–45. It mainly examines gender issues between the relatively long-lasting system of the family care of mentally ill members and the use of freshly introduced systems of psychiatric hospitals. I shall look at the record of Ohji Brain Hospital (1901–45) in Tokyo, which has several thousands of case histories mainly in Tokyo c. 1920–45. From the analysis of the cases of male and female patients, as well as the complex situations of their households and kin groups, I shall look at the gender issues in the making of the psychiatric hospital regime.
Distinguishing between neurosis and psychosis: discourses on neurosis in colonial Korea
Authors: Sihn Kyu-hwan
Published: August 2022

This article analyses the origins and formation of medical and social discourses on neurosis in colonial Korea. With the introduction of Western medicine after the Opening of Korea in 1876, neurasthenia and hysteria began to be understood as neurotic diseases, and their importance was further highlighted during the colonial period of 1910–45. The article also addresses the role of neuropsychiatry in forming discourses on neurosis. In medical communities during the colonial period, the main source of these discourses gradually shifted from internal medicine to neuropsychiatry. In particular, Korean neuropsychiatrists distinguished between neurosis and psychosis as a way to reinforce their authority. Neuropsychiatrists tried to explain the temperamental and environmental factors of neurosis from a psychoanalytic standpoint.
A Case of Central Nervous System Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Following Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Zhu Haibo , Li Qing , Liu Yunyang , Feng Xuequan , Deng Qi
Published: August 2022

We present a differential diagnosis of an intracranial lesion following haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) in a female patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This patient received an anti-CD19-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for refractory B-cell ALL and obtained minimal residual disease (MRD)-positive (0.03%) complete remission (CR). Then the patient received a bridging therapy of haplo-SCT. After bridging therapy, the patient maintained MRD-negative and full donor chimerism in bone marrow (BM) and was negative for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-DNA copy in peripheral blood. At 91 days after haplo-SCT, the patient presented with dizziness and fatigue and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an intracranial lesion. The diagnosis of isolated extramedullary relapse (IEMR) was temporarily considered. Then next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified positive EBV-DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid, although EBV-DNA in the peripheral blood was negative. Furthermore, the positive EBV-DNA by NGS and complete donor chimerism in the brain tissue confirmed the diagnosis of central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (CNS-PTLD). However, the EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) in situ hybridization was sparsely positive. The patient was subsequently treated with anti-CD22-CAR T cells in combination with Zanubrutinib, but the disease progressed quickly and died. Donor chimerism examination of focal biopsy provides important evidence for diagnosing PTLD. Furthermore, NGS detection of EBV-DNA in local lesions is more valuable for diagnosing PTLD than detection of EBV-DNA in the peripheral blood.

Trial registration: The patient was enrolled in a clinical trial of ChiCTR1800019622 and ChiCTR1800019298.
“What if We Explore…” Promoting Engaged Learning and Collaboration with MOUNTAIN RESCUE
Authors: Bressler Denise M. , Tutwiler M. Shane , Siebert-Evenstone Amanda , Annetta Leonard A. , Chen Jason A.
Published: August 2022

Background

According to the Committee on STEM Education, K-12 science students need access to learning experiences that promote collaboration and engagement. To fill that void, we need to develop activities that stimulate engaged learning and scaffold effective collaboration. K-12 teacher candidates see value in utilizing games for this purpose. Specifically, tabletop science games can help teachers engage students in science learning and scaffold collaboration.

Aim

For this study, we designed a collaborative, STEM-themed card game called MOUNTAIN RESCUE and explored its capacity to promote engaged learning and collaboration.

Method

Four groups of STEM campers (n = 14) in a suburban Mid-Atlantic region played MOUNTAIN RESCUE. All groups had a mix of boys and girls. Play-testers ranged from 10–13 years old. The tabletop game took approximately 30-minutes. During gameplay, players embodied unique STEM roles: physicist, chemist, structural engineer, and electrical engineer. They collaborated to solve challenges related to electricity, physics, chemistry, and engineering design. Discourse was audio-recorded throughout gameplay. Immediately after gameplay, self-report survey data were collected to assess flow and perceptions of collaborative learning.

Results

Findings demonstrated that the game promoted engagement and collaboration. Specifically, students had a flow-like experience and felt positively about the game's value for collaborative learning. Utterances demonstrating active engagement and constructive thinking became more group-focused over time.

Conclusion

This study contributes to science education by demonstrating potential benefits of a well-designed, low-tech, science learning environment or—in other words—a tabletop game.
Being Normal yet Different: A Qualitative Study on the Dualistic Experience of Living With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Paganini Anna , Engström My , Mark Hans , Persson Martin
Published: August 2022

The aim of the present study was to describe the experiences of young adults living with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to explore potential gender differences.

A descriptive qualitative study was designed involving semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, as described by Graneheim and Lundman.

A total of 9 women and 8 men, aged 22 to 26 years with UCLP.

The main theme identified was: the duality of living with a cleft—being normal yet different, and 2 subcategories: “My cleft and me” and “My cleft and the World.” The participants described themselves as normal yet different, both in relation to themselves and in relation to others. They also stated that gender norms regarding appearance affected their lives and how they saw the cleft.

This study adds to the growing body of qualitative research on CLP. It highlights the dualistic experiences of feeling normal and different at the same time. The interviews indicated that this dualism was based on context and gender, showing the psychological complexity of an individual. The clinical implications of this study emphasizes the need of a person-centered care approach in the cleft care setting where the clinicians are aware of the potential dualistic experience that also may differ over time that individuals with cleft can experience. This can also help clinicians better understand and help patients reduce distress and strengthen positive coping mechanisms.
Oral Cleft Related-Genes may be Involved in Root Curvature of Maxillary Lateral Incisors
Authors: Küchler Erika Calvano , de Oliveira Stroparo Jeferson Luis , Bitencourt Reis Caio Luiz , Ullrich Niklas , Olsson Bernardo , Scariot Rafaela , Matsumoto Mirian Nakane , Ribeiro Mattos Natanael Henrique , Proff Peter , Baratto-Filho Flares , Kirschneck Christian
Published: August 2022

The maxilla is formed by the medial nasal and maxillary processes fusion. The dental lamina develops from 2 origins connecting in the lateral incisor. The maxillary lateral incisor region is often affected by dental anomalies and clefting. It is possible that genes involved in oral cleft could also be associated with a variety of phenotypic variations in the maxillary lateral incisor. In this phenotype–genotype study, we explored the association between polymorphisms in the oral-cleft-related genes BMP2 and BMP4 and root curvature of maxillary lateral incisors.

Cross-sectional study.

Universities and private clinics.

Panoramic radiographs and DNA from 231 patients were analyzed.

Schneider method (1971) was applied to estimate the degree of root curvature of the maxillary lateral incisors and to classify the root as straight (5° or less) or curved (higher than 5°). Genetic polymorphisms in BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464) and BMP4 (rs17563) were genotyped. Statistical analysis was performed.

A total of 401 teeth (199 left and 202 right) were evaluated. Genetic analysis demonstrated trends toward association for the rs1005464 in BMP2 ( P  =  .025) in co-dominant model and in dominant model ( P  =  .026) for left incisors. The rs235768 in BMP2 showed trends toward association with the degree of root curvature in left incisors in the recessive model ( P  =  .031). rs17563 in BMP4 also showed trends toward association with the degree of the root curvature in left incisors ( P  =  .019).

BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464) and BMP4 (rs17563) might be involved in maxillary lateral incisor root curvature.
Viewing the Joint Operation of Five Major Decision Difficulties Within the Dual-Process Theory of Career Decision-Making
Authors: Xu Hui
Published: August 2022

While research has identified a five-factor model of career decision-making difficulty based on meta-analytical evidence and cross-cultural comparison, the field lacks an elaborated theoretical account of the joint operation of the five decision difficulties. The current study drew on the dual-process theory of career decision-making (DTC) to examine the interplay of the five decision difficulties in predicting career decidedness in the Chinese context. Study 1 developed and validated measures of decision ambiguity, advance in narrowing down, and career decidedness in a sample of Chinese college students ( n = 180). Study 2 examined the structural model using another sample of Chinese college students ( n = 408). Focusing on the relations of the five major decision difficulties to career decidedness, the results did not support the standalone mechanism of confusion management but supported the standalone mechanism of ambiguity management. Additionally, the results supported the crossover mechanism from confusion management to ambiguity management and the crossover mechanism from ambiguity management to confusion management. The results not only shed light on the role of each difficulty but also offer evidence for the interplay of key DTC macro elements. The practical implications based on the joint operation of the five decision-making difficulties are discussed.
Assessment of Automatic and Controlled Retrieval Using Verbal Fluency Tasks
Authors: Marko Martin , Michalko Drahomír , Dragašek Jozef , Vančová Zuzana , Jarčušková Dominika , Riečanský Igor
Published: August 2022

Category and letter verbal fluency assessment is widely used in basic and clinical research. Yet, the nature of the processes measured by such means remains a matter of debate. To delineate automatic (free-associative) versus controlled (dissociative) retrieval processes involved in verbal fluency tasks, we carried out a psychometric study combining a novel lexical-semantic retrieval paradigm and structural equation modeling. We show that category fluency primarily engages a free-associative retrieval, whereas letter fluency exerts executive suppression of habitual semantic associates. Importantly, the models demonstrated that this dissociation is parametric rather than absolute, exhibiting a degree of unity as well as diversity among the retrieval measures. These findings and further exploratory analyses validate that category and letter fluency tasks reflect partially distinct forms of memory search and retrieval control, warranting different application in basic research and clinical assessment. Finally, we conclude that the novel associative-dissociative paradigm provides straightforward and useful behavioral measures for the assessment and differentiation of automatic versus controlled retrieval ability.
The Cost of Von Willebrand Disease in Europe: The CVESS Study
Authors: Morgan George , Brighton Sarah , Laffan Mike , Goudemand Jenny , Franks Bethany , Finnegan Alan
Published: August 2022

Background

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is one of the most common inherited bleeding disorders, imposing a substantial health impact and financial burden. The Cost of von Willebrand disease in Europe: A Socioeconomic Study (CVESS) characterises the socio-economic cost of VWD across Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the UK.

Methods

A retrospective, cross-sectional design captured 12 months of patient disease management, collected from August-December 2018, for 974 patients. This enabled estimation of direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs, utilising prevalence estimates to extrapolate to population level.

Results

Total annual direct medical cost (including/excluding von Willebrand factor [VWF]) across all countries was the highest cost (€2 845 510 345/€444 446 023), followed by indirect costs (€367 330 271) and direct non-medical costs (€60 223 234). Differences were seen between countries: the UK had the highest direct medical costs excluding VWF (€159 791 064), Italy the highest direct-non medical (€26 564 496), and Germany the highest indirect cost burden (€197 036 052). Total direct medical costs per adult patient increased across VWD types with Type 1 having the lowest cost (€23 287) and Type 3 having the highest cost (€133 518).

Conclusion

A substantial financial burden arises from the prevalence of VWD for the European healthcare systems considered.
Free vibrations of spatial frame structures: Analytical modelling and solution
Authors: Genel Ömer Ekim , Tüfekci Mertol , Tüfekci Ekrem
Published: August 2022

This study analytically handles the three-dimensional free vibrations of spatial frames using the initial values method, considering the axial and shear deformations alongside rotary inertias, namely, torsional, in-plane bending and out-of-plane bending. To handle the spatial geometry, the direction cosine matrices are used. Validation is performed with three cases in total, one case available in the literature alongside two numerical examples that are solved analytically and compared to the finite element models. Excellent agreements are found between the analytical results and the results in the literature, as well as those obtained from the finite element models.
Sexualized Violence and Neoliberal Discourse
Authors: Downey Liam , Iacobucci Asa , Pyles Micah A.
Published: August 2022

Researchers have paid relatively little attention to the role that sexual and gender violence play in reinforcing neoliberal discourse. We address this issue by demonstrating that the portrayal of women and girls in the mainstream media, female body practices based on this portrayal, gendered sexual-agency norms, sexual harassment, and rape are not only sexualized and violent, but they also display a common set of cultural scripts drawn from both patriarchal and neoliberal discourse. We thus conclude that these images, practices, and norms are forms of sexualized violence that reinforce patriarchal and neoliberal discourse and, thus, the gender and class orders.
Women Are Survivors: Public Services Announcements on Violence Against Women in Latin America
Authors: Mensa Marta , Grow Jean M.
Published: August 2022

This study considers the role that public service announcements (PSAs) play in addressing violence against women (VAW) in Latin America. Using content analysis, the study examines 407 PSAs about VAW from 20 Latin American countries. The results show that 62.3% of the PSAs encourage bystanders to denounce violence while portraying women as victims in 48.8% of the PSAs. However, 71.7% of PSAs did not include a helpline or how to report the crime, only 11.8% of the PSAs have non-narrative, or factual information, about VAW, and just 6.4% engage in compelling narrative messaging or storytelling.
Initial Reports From Early Adopters of Restorative Justice for Reported Cases of Campus Sexual Misconduct: A Qualitative Study
Authors: McMahon Sheila M. , Williamsen Kaaren M. , Mitchell Heike B. , Kleven Anna
Published: August 2022

Campus sexual misconduct (CSM) continues to be a significant public health concern on U.S. college campuses. Updates to Title IX now allow informal resolution of reported cases of CSM, including the use of restorative justice (RJ) processes. This qualitative study sought to understand the experiences of early adopters of RJ for CSM through semistructured interviews with 10 current and former administrators who have adopted RJ for CSM. Findings suggest that RJ for CSM is a promising practice, one which requires key stakeholder engagement, thoughtful training for RJ facilitators, and extensive preparation of the parties for successful implementation.
Language reclamation and ethnic revival in P’urhépecha territory
Authors: Gutierrez De Jesus Maria G , Chávez González Mónica Lizbeth
Published: August 2022

In P’urhépecha territory, Central Michoacán, Mexico, Indigenous revival processes have characterized in recent years by a resurgence of language reclamation projects that revendicate ethnic identity in Indigenous communities. In a country that has historically highlighted language as a marker of indigeneity, how do ethnic revindication processes tied to language emerge in communities where the Indigenous language has been entirely displaced by Spanish? This article discusses the case of Huecorio, a community of P’urhépecha descent located in Lake Pátzcuaro, where community members have engaged in language revival practices in the past 5 years. Grounded in Indigenous-based participatory research, we center our discussion on the use of the P’urhepecha language in the interrelated spheres that make up the community to demonstrate how Indigenous communities that no longer speak their heritage language are contributing to the reconfiguration of their ethno-cultural identity through language reclamation practices.
Prediction of Bacterial sRNAs Using Sequence-Derived Features and Machine Learning
Authors: Jha Tony , Mendel Jovinna , Cho Hyuk , Choudhary Madhusudan
Published: August 2022

Small ribonucleic acid (sRNA) sequences are 50–500 nucleotide long, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) sequences that play an important role in regulating transcription and translation within a bacterial cell. As such, identifying sRNA sequences within an organism’s genome is essential to understand the impact of the RNA molecules on cellular processes. Recently, numerous machine learning models have been applied to predict sRNAs within bacterial genomes. In this study, we considered the sRNA prediction as an imbalanced binary classification problem to distinguish minor positive sRNAs from major negative ones within imbalanced data and then performed a comparative study with six learning algorithms and seven assessment metrics. First, we collected numerical feature groups extracted from known sRNAs previously identified in Salmonella typhimurium LT2 (SLT2) and Escherichia coli K12 ( E. coli K12) genomes. Second, as a preliminary study, we characterized the sRNA-size distribution with the conformity test for Benford’s law. Third, we applied six traditional classification algorithms to sRNA features and assessed classification performance with seven metrics, varying positive-to-negative instance ratios, and utilizing stratified 10-fold cross-validation. We revisited important individual features and feature groups and found that classification with combined features perform better than with either an individual feature or a single feature group in terms of Area Under Precision-Recall curve (AUPR). We reconfirmed that AUPR properly measures classification performance on imbalanced data with varying imbalance ratios, which is consistent with previous studies on classification metrics for imbalanced data. Overall, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), even without exploiting optimal hyperparameter values, performed better than the other five algorithms with specific optimal parameter settings. As a future work, we plan to extend XGBoost further to a large amount of published sRNAs in bacterial genomes and compare its classification performance with recent machine learning models’ performance.
Assessment of Consumers’ Perception of Chicken Eggs Consumption and Associated Health Implications in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Abive-Bortsi Maxwell , Baidoo Samuel Tawiah , Amiteye Samuel
Published: August 2022

Background:

Rather erroneously, eggs consumption is linked to increase in plasma cholesterol content and incidents of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, stroke, or diabetes. This misconception which is more pervasive particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, has led to very low patronage of eggs intake. In this study, egg consumption patterns, desired egg characteristics, and the extent to which the perception of eggs consumption as a health risk is entrenched among consumers in the Volta Region of Ghana, were examined.

Methods:

The study used primary data for the analysis and the 2-stage sampling technique was employed. First, 5 districts (Keta, Ho, Krachi East, Nkwanta South and North Tongu) were selected and afterward, a sample was randomly selected from each of the district. A well designed and pretested questionnaires were administered to the respondents.

Results:

It was found that cheaper price and deep yellow yolk were the most persuasive parameters that motivate consumer purchase. The relationship between educational level and awareness on cholesterol types was significant. More than half of the respondents held the view that egg intake results in an increase in serum cholesterol and leads to the incidence of serious health problems.

Recommendation:

This study proves the urgent need for a concerted national public education effort to raise awareness about the nutritional and health benefits of eggs intake. Success in such awareness creation will go a long way to greatly minimize acute malnutrition in the Ghana.
Blind spots and diversity in a local media landscape
Authors: Morlandstø Lisbeth , Mathisen Birgit Røe
Published: August 2022

Local journalism has received increasing attention and recognition from scholars as well as in public and political debate. However, challenges and downsizing in media businesses raise concerns about blind spots, with possible impacts on diversity, local democracy and civic engagement. This article discusses the concept of blind spots and diversity, investigating trends and patterns in local and regional journalism based on a content analysis of 24 local and regional media sources in Norway.
Venous outflow stenting for symptomatic developmental venous anomaly
Authors: Kishore Kislay , Bodani Vivek , Olatunji Richard , Gao MingYang Meah , Pai Vivek , Marotta Thomas , Spears Julian , Mendes Pereira Vitor
Published: August 2022

Developmental venous anomaly (DVA) is one of the commonest vascular malformations in the brain but rarely symptomatic. Various pathomechanisms such as mechanical compression, increased in-flow into DVA or outflow obstruction have been described as causative factors in symptomatic DVAs. We report a unique case of a pontomedullary DVA with venous outflow obstruction causing progressive neurological worsening in a young adult despite anticoagulation, who was treated with a novel approach of venous outlet stenting of the collector vein with favorable outcome. In carefully selected cases, this endovascular treatment can be an effective and safe alternative when other measures fail.