bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRIRES high-resolution infrared spectroscopy of the long-period Cepheid l Carinae
Authors: Nardetto N. , Poretti E. , Gallenne A. , Rainer M. , Anderson R. I. , Fouqué P. , Gieren W. , Graczyk D. , Kervella P. , Mathias P. , Mérand A. , Mourard D. , Neilson H. , Pietrzynski G. , Pilecki B. , Storm J. , Borgniet S. , Chiavassa A. , Hocdé V. , Trahin B.
Published: June 2018

Context. The dynamical structure of the atmosphere of Cepheids has been well studied in the optical. Several authors have found very interesting spectral features in theJband, but little data have been secured beyond 1.6μm. However, such observations can probe different radial velocities and line asymmetry regimes, and are able to provide crucial insights into stellar physics.

Aims. Our goal was to investigate the infrared line-forming region in theK-band domain, and its impact on the projection factor and thek-term of Cepheids.

Methods. We secured CRIRES observations for the long-period Cepheid l Car, with a focus on the unblended spectral line NaI 2208.969 nm. We measured the corresponding radial velocities (by using the first moment method) and the line asymmetries (by using the bi-Gaussian method). These quantities are compared to the HARPS visible spectra we previously obtained on l Car.

Results. The optical and infrared radial velocity curves show the same amplitude (only about 3% of difference), with a slight radial velocity shift of about 0.5 ± 0.3 km s−1between the two curves. Around the minimum radius (phase ≃ 0.9) the visible radial velocity curve is found in advance compared to the infrared one (phase lag), which is consistent with an infrared line forming higher in the atmosphere (compared to the visible line) and with a compression wave moving from the bottom to the top of the atmosphere during maximum outward velocity. The asymmetry of theK-band line is also found to be significantly different from that of the optical line.
Potentielle Erfolgsindikatoren für die Durchführung von Projekten zur Arzt-Apotheker-Zusammenarbeit – eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Weißenborn Marina , Schulz Martin , Kraft Manuel , Haefeli Walter E. , Seidling Hanna M.
Published: June 2018

Ziel der Studie Die Zusammenarbeit von Ärzten und Apothekern ist essentiell, um eine effektive und sichere Patientenbetreuung zu gewährleisten. Insbesondere im ambulanten Sektor ist die Zusammenarbeit jedoch nicht standardisiert und unterschiedlich intensiv. In dieser Arbeit sollen daher Projekte zur interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit aus dem ambulanten Versorgungssektor in Deutschland vorgestellt und vielversprechende Ansätze aufgezeigt werden, die bei der Durchführung zukünftiger Projekte Beachtung finden sollten.

Methode Im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden unter Berücksichtigung der PRISMA-Guideline Projekte identifiziert, deren zentraler Bestandteil die Arzt-Apotheker-Zusammenarbeit ist.

Ergebnisse Die Literatursuche ergab 542 passende Artikel. Insgesamt wurden 6 potentielle Erfolgsindikatoren zur Durchführung von Projekten zur Arzt-Apotheker-Zusammenarbeit identifiziert: Persönliches Kennenlernen (I), das Einbeziehen beider Heilberufler in die Projektplanung (II), die Etablierung gemeinsamer (Informations-) Veranstaltungen (III), die Sicherstellung der (technischen) Machbarkeit (IV) durch Incentivierung (V) sowie die Einbindung in bestehende Versorgungsstrukturen (VI).

Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt wurden nur wenige Studien wissenschaftlich publiziert. Die Zusammenarbeit selbst wird meist nicht standardisiert, lückenhaft oder nur einseitig erfasst und kann daher nicht umfassend bewertet werden. Erfolgreiche Arzt-Apotheker-Kooperationen zeichneten sich häufig durch langjährige, persönliche Kontakte aus. Interdisziplinäre Lehrveranstaltungen während der universitären Ausbildung könnten daher bereits früh Sympathie und gegenseitiges Verständnis fördern. Um eine kontinuierliche Evaluation der Zusammenarbeit und eine Vergleichbarkeit verschiedener Projekte zu gewährleisten, ist der Einsatz standardisierter Messwerkzeuge in zukünftigen Studien unbedingt erforderlich.
Peripartale Kardiomyopathie
Authors: Nonnenmacher Dr. Andreas , Henrich Prof. Dr. Wolfgang
Published: June 2018

Die peripartale Kardiomyopathie ist eine seltene, aber potenziell lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung, die gegen Ende oder nach der Schwangerschaft auftritt. Die rechtzeitige Diagnose ist überlebensnotwendig. Das Wissen um die Symptomatik und Risikofaktoren hilft bei der Abgrenzung von sonstigen mit der Schwangerschaft einhergehenden Beschwerden. Auch die Zeit nach der Erkrankung ist eine Herausforderung für die Betreuung der betroffenen Frau.
Appendizitis in der Schwangerschaft – Diagnostik, konservative Therapie und OP
Authors: Juhasz-Böss Prof. Dr. med. Ingolf , Hamza Dr. med. Amr
Published: June 2018

Eine Appendizitis (Blinddarmentzündung) während der Schwangerschaft stellt sowohl für die Patientin als auch für Ärzte und Hebammen eine besondere Situation dar. Je nach Krankheitsbild ist zunächst ein konservatives Vorgehen möglich, häufig ist jedoch eine Operation und die Appendektomie indiziert. Im interdisziplinären Management der Appendizitis in der Schwangerschaft ist die Hebamme oftmals eine der wichtigsten Ansprechpartnerinnen der Schwangeren. Daher ist es sinnvoll, mit den konservativen und operativen Therapieoptionen auch aus Hebammensicht vertraut zu sein.
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Diverticular Disease
Authors: Nalamati Surya , Munie Semeret
Published: June 2018

Colonic diverticular disease is a common health care issue which has historically been attributed to western countries and older age population. Recent studies have shown a rise in incidence among developing countries that have adopted western diets as well as rise in prevalence among younger patients. In this article, the authors discuss the incidence, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of colonic diverticular disease.
Investigations on Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Induced Platelet Adhesiveness in Vitro
Authors: Hellem A. J , Ödegaard A. E , Skålhegg B. A
Published: June 2018

The ADP-induced platelet adhesiveness has been investigated under experimental various conditions by the in vitro method of Hellem. The platelet, adhesiveness was found to be proportional to the logarithm of the ADP concentrations between 0.025—0.2 μg/ml in citrated and heparinized plasma. The effect of ADP on platelets decreased with increasing concentrations of citrate. In contrast, increasing amounts of heparin did not alter the platelet adhesiveness significantly, except when extremely high concentrations were used. Variations in the temperature highly influenced the result of the estimations when suboptimal concentrations of ADP were used. The reason for this probably inactivation of ADP by plasma enzymes, which have an optimal activity at about 37° C. This may explain why estimation at 20° C gives higher values of the platelet adhesiveness than at 37° C. If too high concentrations of ADP are used, this effect is not detectable. This may be the reason why O’Brien (1962) did not find any inactivating property of platelet poor plasma. Washing of platelets in buffered saline leads to a marked release of ADP, indicating that washed platelets are damaged. Repeated resuspension of platelets even in their own plasma gives release of ADP. When studying the mechanism of the ADP-induced reaction all the above variations must be taken into account.
Usefulness of and a Simple Method for Serial Successive Fibrinogen Determinations in Human Pathology
Authors: Vermylen C , De Vreker R. A , Verstraete M
Published: June 2018

Serial, successive determinations of the fibrinogen content are valuable tools in the management of hypofibrinogenemia syndromes. A detailed description is given of the FPT-test, which has been demonstrated to be a simple and accurate method for serial quantitation of the normally-reactive fibrinogen.
Studies on the Coumarin Anticoagulant Drugs : A Comparison of the Pharmacodynamics of Dicumarol and Warfarin in Man
Authors: O’Reilly Robert A. , Aggeler Paul M. , Leong Lois S.
Published: June 2018

The pharmacodynamic and prothrombinopénie effects of the coumarin anticoagulant drugs warfarin and dicumarol were compared in man by means of specific chemical assays for the drugs and the Quick prothrombin time for the response. The absorption of warfarin was rapid and complete, and the prothrombinopénie response was similar after administration by any route. Absorption of dicumarol as a solution or powder was rapid while as whole tablets it was often slow. Dicumarol in solution taken orally produced higher maximum concentrations of drug in plasma, more rapid absorption rates, less unchanged drug in stool and an earlier and greater prothrombin complex response than the tablets. Only a slight effect was produced by varying the formulation of warfarin. In all subjects 15 to 30% of the oral dose of dicumarol was recovered as unchanged drug in the stool. Unchanged warfarin was not recovered from the stool in any experiment.

The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) for warfarin and high doses of dicumarol was about 12.5% of body weight, approximately the size of the albumin space. The long half-time of disappearance (t½) of both drugs, their prolonged duration of action, small volume of distribution, and lack of excretion of unchanged drug in the urine are probably related to their high degree of binding to plasma proteins. The t½ and Vd for warfarin are independent of dose size; the unusual dependency of these parameters on dose size with dicumarol suggests tissue uptake, perhaps by the reticuloendothelial system.

A good correlation was found between the t½ of warfarin and dicumarol and the magnitude and duration of response. Up to a certain point increasing the dose of these drugs hastened the occurrence of hypoprothrombinemia ; beyond a dose size characteristic for each individual no further hastening could be obtained.

A substance extracted from the stool of subjects receiving dicumarol intravenously and orally is probably a metabolite of the drug.
Evidence for Steroid Control of the Metabolism of Profibrinolysin
Authors: Pilgeram L. O , Amundson B. A , Lofgren P. E
Published: June 2018

Daily therapy with 5 mg of norethynodrel and 0.075 mg of ethynylestra- diol-3-methyl ether (Enovid) is associated with a 34.7% (P < 0.001) increase in the activity of human serum profibrinolysin (plasminogen).
Fibrinolysis in Obstetrical Coagulopathy
Authors: Zilliacus H
Published: June 2018

In the introduction it is stressed that in cases with normal blood coagulation and even in cases with a limited decrease of some of the coagulation factors, the contraction of the uterus after the passage of the placenta closes the vessel endings, thereby providing the conditions necessary for haemostasis through the clotting of the blood. In contrast to this, fibrinolytic uterine bleeding is a condition in which the clotting factor and clot are consumed despite adequate postpartum contraction of the uterus.

The literature on obstetrical coagulopathies is briefly summarized.

The incongruence in the clotting power of blood samples drawn simultaneously from a cubital vein and from the uterus in cases of severe uterine haemorrhage is pointed out.

With the aid of a plasma-dilution technique (Schneider) for the estimation of fibrinogen and fibrinolysis it was shown that in 6 out of 8 investigated cases of premature separation of the placenta, in 4 out of 5 observed cases of longstanding intrauterine foetal death and in 2 cases of pitocin drip induced labor considerable fibrinolytic activity was present in the blood from the uterus, whereas only slight activity if any, could be observed in blood samples drawn simultaneously from a cubital vein. These observations are found to be in conformity with the finding of considerable amounts of fibrinolytic activators in myométrial, placental and decidual tissue reported by other authors.

Figures for obstetrical cases (19,808 deliveries) and uterine haemorrhage during the 5-year period 1955—1959 at the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, are presented. The main principles of obstetrical management at this hospital are outlined, with special reference to uterine coagulopathic haemorrhage.
Contribution à l’Etude du Phénomène Facteur X à propos de Cas Personnels
Authors: Tsévrènis H , Priovolos J , Mandalaki T , Philis H , Symvoulidis A
Published: June 2018

Les auteurs décrivent un trouble de la thromboplastinoformation observé dans deux cas d’hypoproconvertinémie congénitale et un cas de thrombopathie caractérisé par un retard net du temps d’incubation avec le sérum de ces malades. Plusieurs melanges avec des sérums Stuart, IX, Owren, excluent la possibilité de participation de ces facteurs. Ils précisent les caractères physico-chimiques de ce facteur thermolabile, et le situent électrophorétiquement entre celui du facteur VII et Stuart. Enfin, ils discutent son action sur la préphase de la formation de la thromboplastine. Ils concluent qu’il s’agit d’un même facteur, sinon identique, à celui décrit par Fisch, comme accélérateur de la préphase ou PPA.
Sur la présence de graisses neutres dans les thrombocytes humains normaux et pathologiques
Authors: Jean G , Racine L , Marx R , Gautier A
Published: June 2018

La microscopie électronique a montré, dans les thrombocytes humains, la présence de gouttelettes lipidiques. Dans les plaquettes normales, le pourcentage de coupes présentant cette caractéristique ultrastructurelle est très faible; cette observation concorde avec les résultats des analyses biochimiques et cytochimiques. Par contre, dans les thrombopathies (surtout congénitales), leur proportion est significativement augmentée. Nous pouvons donc considérer que la mise en évidence d’une stéatose thrombocytaire notable est un des critères valables du diagnostic d’un état pathologique des thrombocytes.

L’aspect submicroscopique des gouttelettes lipidiques intrathrombocytaires permet de penser qu’elles sont constituées vraisemblablement de graisses neutres très riches en acides gras non saturés. Cette hypothèse est appuyée par des études cytochimiques récentes au microscope électronique des constituants lipidiques.

Nos observations montrent que la genèse des gouttelettes lipidiques n’est vraisemblablement pas liée à une lipophanérose, ni à une phagocytose de chylomicrons. Par contre, la diminution du taux de glycogène dans les plaquettes présentant une stéatose, nous permet de supposer que les gouttelettes lipidiques peuvent être considérées comme l’indice d’un trouble du métabolisme plaquettaire.
Investigations on the Nature of Hemophilia A
Authors: Mammen Eberhard
Published: June 2018

In this paper an inhibitor is described that is found in hemophilic plasma and serum different from any till now described inhibitor. The inhibitor only inhibits prothrombin activation in the “intrinsic clotting systems”. This inhibitor is probably not present in normal human plasma or serum. It is destroyed by ether and freeze drying, is labile to acid and storage at room temperature. It is stable upon dialysis and has not been adsorbed on barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide or kaolin. It precipitates at 50% v/v saturation with alcohol. The nature of this inhibitor seems to be a protein or lipoprotein.

Factor VIII was isolated from hemophilic plasma. The amount isolated was the same as from normal plasma and the activity properties were not different. Hemophiliacs have normal amounts of factor VIII.
An Investigation of the Possible Role of Platelet Fibrinogen in Thrombi Formation
Authors: Johnson Shirley A , McKenna James L
Published: June 2018

We have prepared solid clots that could be fixed, sectioned and stained and studied histologically from a high concentration of washed platelets in buffered saline. Plasma fibrinogen is not required for a clot with structure to form. The possibility of packed platelets composing the head of mixed thrombi is evident if a small amount of thrombin can be formed and the microscopic appearance of such a structure documented. No clot retraction of platelet fibrin took place. The platelet-plasma clots prepared as controls in this study lysed very readily when streptokinase was incorporated into the clot while it was not possible to lyse the washed platelet clots in the conditions of the experiment. Neither clot could be lysed with fibrinolysin.
Fibrinolysis in the Pleural Cavity After Pnlmonary Resection
Authors: Zaman C. L
Published: June 2018

An analysis of the fibrinolytic properties of the pleural exsudate after pulmonary resection revealed that the exsudate contained an excess of an activator of plasminogen during the first 4 hours after completion of the operation. This activator was still present in appreciable amounts until about 20 hours after the resection. The activator possessed the thermostability of tissue activator and was probably released from freshly traumatized tissue.
Activation of Hageman Factor (Factor XII) by Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Didisheim Paul , Mibashan R Sougin
Published: June 2018

1. Long-chain saturated fatty acids accelerate the clotting of blood by activating Hageman factor (HF, factor XII). Their effect is proportional to their chain length.

2. The hypothesis is discussed that long-chain saturated fatty acids in the circulating blood of man may exert a similar effect, and may thus be one of the factors in the etiology of clinical thrombosis.
Zur Wirkungsweise fibrinolytischer Substanzen
Authors: Rosolleck Horst
Published: June 2018

In Fortführung früherer Versuche wurden vom Menschen entnommene Gerinnsel (Blutkoagula, Thromben aus Arterien) der Streptokinase oder dem Plasmin ausgesetzt und gelöst. Die gleichzeitig mitlaufenden Kontrollen blieben unbeeinflußt. Das Ausgangspräparat, die Überbleibsel nach erfolgter Lyse und die Kontrollen wurden histologisch untersucht. Dabei ergab sich, daß die Fibrinstruktur der Gerinnsel in verschiedenen Graden angegriffen, aber nicht regelmäßig aufgebrochen oder zerstört wurde. Dagegen wurde konstant eine Auflösung der zelligen Bestandteile der Thromben beobachtet. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen bilden eine Stütze für die mehrfach vertretene Auffassung, daß die sogenannten “Fibrinolytika” neben ihrer fibrinolytischen auch eine proteolytische bzw. thrombolytische Wirksamkeit aufweisen.
Effect of Fibrinolysin on the Coagulability of Fibrinogen
Authors: Triantaphyllopoulos D. C , Greene T. L , Triantaphyllopoulos E
Published: June 2018

Streptokinase or glycerol activated human fibrinolysin was added to human plasma and the enzyme action was stopped by the addition of epsilon amino-caproic acid at different time intervals. The clottable fibrinogen content of the mixtures was determined by diluting the plasma with either physiological saline or distilled water, both containing thrombin or thrombin plus calcium chloride. It was found that before the addition of fibrinolysin the values in distilled water containing calcium chloride were higher than the respective values in plain saline or in saline containing calcium chloride. The drop in clottable fibrinogen after the addition of fibrinolysin was more pronounced when the determinations were performed in plain distilled water. Thus, a crossover between the values obtained in plain distilled water and those in saline gradually occurred, the values in distilled water without calcium chloride becoming the lowest. This is at variance with the results obtained in the presence of added AFIF or fibrinolysed fibrinogen where the values in distilled water were always higher than the ones obtained in saline both in the presence and in the absence of calcium chloride. Since the reversal of coagulability of fibrinogen in physiological saline versus distilled water was reproduced only when we mixed partially lysed human fibrinogen with completely lysed human plasma, the conclusion was drawn that three prerequisites are necessary for this phenomenon to occur: a) the fibrinogen must have been acted upon by fibrinolysin; b) the fibrinogen must be of human origin; c) a substance produced by the action of fibrinolysin on a plasmatic factor other than fibrinogen or, possibly, an intact plasmatic factor, must be present.
Formation of an Inhibitor against Factor VIII as a Postoperative Complication in a Severe Case of Hemophilia A
Authors: Beck E , Bachmann F , Müller J , Duckert F
Published: June 2018

A case of haemophilia A with formation of an inhibitor after transfusions as a postoperative complication is described. The inhibitor was active against factor VIII from human, bovine and porcine source. It corresponds to the progressively active type of inhibitor.

The necessity of a complete examination including incubation tests before operations and before the use of concentrated AHG on hemophiliacs is stressed. In the presence of an inhibitor of this type animal AHG should not be infused, because it will be inactivated as well as human AHG and provokes an additive species specific sensibilization.
The Potency of Tissue Thromboplastic Suspensions
Authors: Gollub Seymour , Ottolenghi Abramo C. , Lisbinsky Lenore , Uin Alex W.
Published: June 2018

The potency of various human brain thromboplastic suspensions was estimated by two independent test systems. It was found that potency estimation using the in vitro system (clot acceleration) did not correlate with potency estimation of an in vivo system (thrombotic-lethal). However, good correlation between lethality and thromboplastinase labile phospholipid compartment was established. These findings are briefly discussed.
Vitalhistologische Untersuchungen an Mikroblutungen umschriebener Hautbezirke
Authors: Ehring F
Published: June 2018

Bei vitalhistologischen Untersuchungen an 1500 Probanden fanden sich an den Nagelwallkapillaren der Finger häufig feine Blutungen. Sie waren bei Frauen häufiger als bei Männern und traten besonders im 3. bis 4. Lebensjahrzehnt auf. Es bestanden keine Beziehungen zu verschiedenen Hautkrankheiten oder zur Höhe des arteriellen Blutdrucks.

Beim einzelnen Probanden war die Störung in der Regel konstant nachzuweisen. Dagegen wechselten an der einzelnen Kapillare blutungsbereite und blutungsfreie Zeiträume ab. Die Einzelblutung dauerte nur Sekunden. Die Erythrozyten traten dabei per diapedesin und am Schaltstück aus. In seltenen Fällen und nur bei Frauen mit Diapedeseblutungen traten einzelne kapillare Stasen auf. Die betroffene Kapilläre loste sich später vom subpapillären Plexus.

Auf gleiche Weise konnten auch die subungualen Kapillaren der Terminalmatrix und die Nagelmatrixkapillaren bluten, während die übrige Fingerhaut frei war und sich auch keine anderen Formen einer hamorrhagischen Diathese bei den Erkrankten fanden.

Die vorliegende Störung gehört in die Gruppe der vaskulären Blutungsübel, ist hier aber keiner der bekannten Purpuraformen zuzuordnen. Ihre Lokalisation laßt sich vielleicht durch den besonderen anatomischen Aufbau des perikapillaren Gewebes erklaren. Die Ursache ist noch unbekannt. Entsprechend ihren hervorstechenden Merkmalen, den mikroskopisch kleinen Blutungen an einer umschriebenen Hautpartie, wird für sie der Name „Mikropurpura localisata“ vorgeschlagen.
Changes in the Activity of Clotting Factors in Relation to the Onset of Platelet Clumping and Fibrin Formation
Authors: Mustard J. F , Hoeksema T. D
Published: June 2018

The relationship has been studied between changes in clotting factors and the onset of platelet clumping and fibrin formation during the clotting of normal and pathological blood. In normal blood, glass activation factor activity, factor IX activity and platelet adhesiveness were found to increase prior to the onset of platelet clumping. There was no change in factor VIII or factor V activity until after the onset of platelet clumping. At about this point, detectable thrombin formation occurred and this was shortly followed by the onset of macroscopic fibrin formation. After fibrin formation, there was an increase in factor VII activity and a fall in factor IX activity. This fall in factor IX activity did not occur during the clotting of platelet poor normal plasma.

During the clotting of haemophilia A blood, there were similar changes to those seen with normal blood, except that the time of onset of platelet clumping was greatly delayed and the degree of change was often much less. When haemophilia B blood clotted, there was a temporary increase in factor IX activity at the point of platelet clumping which was closely followed by a marked decrease in factor IX activity. This decrease in factor IX activity was not found during the clotting of platelet poor haemophilia B plasma. Another difference was that factor VII activity decreased following the onset of fibrin formation.

In PTA blood the major difference from normal appeared to be a delayed activation of factor IX.
Chemical Structure and Fibrinolysis Induction
Authors: von Kaulla Kurt N.
Published: June 2018

126 synthetic compounds were tested with the preformed human plasma standard clot for their fibrinolysis-inducing capacity. A variety of compounds were discovered which induce marked fibrinolytic activity in human plasma. There are definite relationships between the structure of the compounds used and the activity in the plasma. The fibrinolytic activity developed in the plasma was demonstrated with fibrinolytic and with proteolytic tests as well as with the standard clot procedure. The details of these findings and their possible significance are discussed.
Mikrothrombosierung der Endstrombahn als Ursache schockbedingter Organkomplikationen (unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schocklunge)
Authors: Mittermayer C. , Rohrbach R. , Joh K. , Vogel W. , Fringes B. , Riede U. N.
Published: June 2018

Der Kreislaufschock stellt ein akutes generalisiertes Versagen des Kreislaufs, insbesondere der Kreislaufperipherie mit oder ohne Blutdruckabfall und Gewebsschädigung durch Sauerstoffmangel dar. Kausalpathogenetisch sind Sauerstoffmangel, Endotoxinämie, Komlementfaktoren, vasoaktive Amine und Prostaglandine in einem noch nicht vollständig bekannten Zusammenspiel mit einer Mikrothrombose verantwortlich zu machen. Bezüglich der Organmanifestation des Schocks steht die Schocklunge als Krankheitsbild der modernen Intensivmedizin im Vordergrund. die sich klinisch als acute respiratorische Insuffizienz mit einer Perfusions und Diffusionsstörung für Sauerstoff, einer vermehrten Totraumventilation, einem vermehrten Shunt-Volumen und einer vermehrten Atmungsarbeit äuβert. Der pathologische Vorgang der Schocklunge verläuft biphasisch, beginnt mit einer exsudativen Alveolities und endet über eine sklerosierende Alveolitis in einer alveolären Fivrose, welche therapeutisch kaum mehr zu beherrschen ist. Diagnostisch und fur das weitere therapeutische Procedere entscheidend ist die exsudative Alveolitis. Sie kann in allen phasen der Schocklunge vorkommen oder wieder auftreten. Von ihrer Eindämmung hangt das weitere schicksal des Patienten ab.
Indikationen und Langzeitergebnisse der chirurgischen Behandlung chronischer arterieller Durchblutungsstörungen der unteren Extremität
Authors: Fischer M. , Denck H.
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, daß aufgrund eigener Erfahrung an 13465 Patienten die direkte Gefäßrekonstruktion im aorto-ileo-femoralen Abschnitt auch ohne Anti-koagulantienprophylaxe die Behandlungsmethode der Wahl darstellt. Im femoropoplitealen Abschnitt gibt die autologe Venenplastik die besten Dauerergebnisse, wobei sich hier eine Antikoagulantienprophylaxe als sinnvoll erweist. Bei nicht rekonstruierbarem Verschlußprozeß in diesem Abschnitt ist mit Sicherheit die sog. »Pro-fundarevaskularisation« die Methode der Wahl, oft verbunden mit der lumbalen Sympathektomie. Bei Rezidivverschlüssen speziell im aortoilakalen Abschnitt ist die primäre Thrombolyse und sekundäre »kleinchirurgische« Rekonstruktion die Methode der Wahl.

Eine Dauerantikoagulantiennach-behandlung nach gefäßchirurgischen Eingriffen ist mit Sicherheit im femo-ropoplitealen Abschnitt indiziert.

Eine echte Alternative bei Verschlüssen im femoropoplitealen Abschnitt ist die Profundarevaskularisa-tion mit einem besonders guten Langzeitergebnis.

Insgesamt kann festgestellt werden, daß die gefäßchirurgische Revaskula-risation im aortoiliakalen Abschnitt mit rund 80% 5- bis 10-Jahres-Erfolg bei entsprechender Indikation absolut gerechtfertigt ist, im femoropoplitealen Abschnitt müssen die Ergebnisse der femoropoplitealen Rekonstruktion gegen diejenigen der sog. Profun-daplastik abgewogen werden.
Primär- und Sekundärprävention bei peripheren arteriellen Durchblutungsstörungen: Antikoagulantien oder Plättchenfunktionshemmer?
Authors: Breddin H. K.
Published: June 2018

Soweit die bisher vorliegenden prospektiven klinischen Studien eine Beurteilung zulassen, ist es unwahrscheinlich, daß man mit Antikoagulantien oder mit den bisher geprüften Thrombozytenfunktionshemmern das Fortschreiten der Arteriosklerose selbst verhindern kann. Bei Patienten mit peripheren Gefäßerkrankungen ist eine Behandlung mit Antikoagulantien dann indiziert, wenn multiple Stenosen vorliegen, weil der Verschluß solcher Stenosen bei einem Teil der Patienten verhindert werden kann. Die Behandlung mit Antikoagulantien ist außerdem indiziert bei Patienten nach Bypassoperationen zur Verhütung von Reverschlüssen.

Dagegen ist bei Patienten mit schlechten Ausflußverhältnissen nach einer Gefäßoperation und nach Thrombendarteriektomie zur Verhütung von Reverschlüssen eine Behandlung mit Azetylsalizylsäure angezeigt. Es gibt keinen Anhalt dafür, daß Azetylsalizylsäure in sog. kleinen Dosen von weniger als 300 mg/Tag wirksam ist. ASS sollte in einer Dosierung von 3 × 500 mg oder bei Verwendung von Präparaten mit verzögerter Resorption (z. B. Monobeltin®) in einer Dosis 2 × 750 mg verabreicht werden.
Behandlung der peripheren arteriellen Verschlußkrankheit mit gefäßerweiternden Medikamenten
Authors: Hild R.
Published: June 2018

Ein erfolgversprechender Einsatz von Vasodilatantien zur Behandlung der arteriellen Verschießkrankheit erfordert zunächst die Berücksichtigung des Wirkungsortes. Der hämodynami-sche Effekt dieser Pharmaka wird durch das Vorliegen arterieller Verschlußprozesse erheblich modifiziert. Dabei können bei Mehretagenverschlüssen, schlechtem Kompensationsgrad und anderen Faktoren verschiedenartige Diversionsphänomene zuungunsten des durchblutungsgestörten Gewebsbereiches zustande kommen. Pharmakodynamische Wirkung und therapeutische Wirksamkeit von Vasodilatantien sind zu unterscheiden. Als wirksam dürfen i. a. Infusionen des Nukleotid-Nukleosid-Gemi-sches Laevadosin angesehen werden, vor allem im Stadium II, weniger deutlich aber auch im Stadium III und IV. Nach i. v. Infusionsserien von Naftidrofuryl (Dusodril) und Pentoxifyllin (Trental) wurde in Doppelblindstudien bei gut kompensierten Verschlüssen im Stadium II eine Verbesserung der Gehleistung nachgewiesen. Der therapeutische Wert oral verabreichter Vasodilatantien ist schwer abschätzbar. Die Behandlung arterieller Durchblutungsstörungen mit gefäßerweiternden Medikamenten setzt eine intakte Myokardfunktion voraus.
Bei welchen Grundkrankheiten ist eine Venenthromboseprophylaxe erforderlich?
Authors: Schmutzler R.
Published: June 2018

Die rein klinische Thrombosediagnostik ist unsicher: beim erfahrenen Untersucher liegt die Trefferquote bei 50 und 60 %, im allgemeinen werden sogar nur etwa 20% erfaßt. Die geeignetste Screening-Methode zur Frühdiagnostik einer sich entwickelnden tiefen Venenthrombose (VT) während der Bildung von Fibrinaten ist der 125J-Fibrinogen-Markierungstest. Um über die Dringlichkeit und Wertigkeit einer Venenthromboseprophy-laxe Genaueres aussagen zu können, wurde aufgrund des 125J-Fibrinogen-tests nach Durchsicht von 101 klinischen Studien eine Rangfolge der Venenthromboseinzidenz nach medizinischen Fachgebieten erstellt und tabellarisch aufgelistet, unterteilt in operative und konservative Bereiche. Zusätzlich konnten phlebographische und . klinische Angaben verglichen werden. In den operativen Fachbereichen beträgt die mittlere VT-Inzidenz aufgrund des 125J-Fibrinogen-Tests 36,5% (57,3%-16,9%); in den konservativen Bereichen liegt sie bei 44,4% (53,4%–35,5%).

Es wird auch die Effektivität verschiedener antikoagulatorischer Maßnahmen gestreift, um den Wert und die Differenzierung der Prophylaxe in den einzelnen Fachgebieten anzudeuten. Blutungskomplikationen spielen eine untergeordnete Rolle, sind leicht beherrschbar und schmälern den Wert der Thromboseprophylaxe in keiner Weise.

Neben der Kenntnis des Venen-thromboserisikos innerhalb eines Fachgebietes steht die Berücksichtigung der Kriterien des individuellen Risikogrades des zu behandelnden Patienten. Daraus entspringt die therapeutische Entscheidung einer allgemeinen oder selektiven Venenthrom-boseprophylaxe im jeweiligen Fachgebiet.
Postoperative Venenthromboseprophylaxe mit Dextran
Authors: Gruber U. F.
Published: June 2018

Dextran ist ein Plasmaersatzstoff, welcher antithrombotische Eigenschaften aufweist. Der Wirkungsmechanismus bei der Thromboembolic-Prophylaxe beruht zum Teil auf der Hämodilution und der gesteigerten Durchblutung, zum größten Teil wohl aber auf einem spezifischen, zeitlich limitierten und reversiblen Effekt auf Faktor VIII. Dadurch wird auch die Plättchenfunktion beeinflußt und Thromben, welche in Gegenwart von Dextran entstehen, können durch das körpereigene fibrinolytische System leichter aufgelöst werden. Dextran-Prophylaxe ist vor allem in der Chirurgie sinnvoll, wo die Zufuhr bei elekti-ven Eingriffen bei Narkoseeinleitung beginnt und am ersten postoperativen Tag abgeschlossen wird. Die Gesamtdosis beträgt meist 1500 ml 6% Dextran 70. Aufgrund von methodisch einwandfreien Arbeiten besteht kein Zweifel, daß Dextranprophylaxe die Anzahl postoperativer tödlicher Lungenembolien wirkungsvoll zu senken vermag. In der elektiven allgemeinen Chirurgie ist Dextranprophylaxe gleich wirksam wie 3 × 5000 IE s.c. Natriumheparinat. In der elektiven und notfallmäßigen Orthopädie-traumatologie ist, verglichen mit 2 × 5000 IE Heparin-Dihydergot (DHE) s.c, ebenfalls kein Unterschied in bezug auf Senkung der tödlichen Lungenembolien zu verzeichnen.
Franz-Keldysh effect in GaN p-n junction diode under high reverse bias voltage
Authors: Maeda Takuya , Narita Tetsuo , Kanechika Masakazu , Uesugi Tsutomu , Kachi Tetsu , Kimoto Tsunenobu , Horita Masahiro , Suda Jun
Published: June 2018

Photocurrent induced by sub-bandgap light absorption due to the Franz-Keldysh effect was observed in GaN p-n junction diodes under a high reverse bias voltage. The photocurrent increased with the reverse bias voltage and the increase was found to be more significant as the wavelength approached the absorption edge of GaN. The photocurrent was calculated with consideration of light absorption induced by the Franz-Keldysh effect in the depletion layer. The calculated curves showed excellent agreement with the experimental curves. The photocurrent also increased with an increase in temperature and this could be quantitatively explained by the red-shift of the GaN absorption edge with the increase in temperature.
The use of CT in the management of minor head injuries in Queenstown
Authors: Keys Jennifer , Venter Louise , Nixon Garry
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

AIM
This study retrospectively reviewed the management of head injury at Lakes District Hospital in Queenstown, New Zealand. The aim is to describe the management of minor head injury with particular reference to the current Traumatic Brain Injury guidelines of the New Zealand Guidelines Group.

METHODS
We identified all patients with head injury as a primary diagnosis who were seen in the Emergency Department at Lakes District Hospital during 2013–2015. We recorded clinical criteria indicating need for computed tomography (CT) scanning according to current guidelines for management of minor head injury.

RESULTS
A total of 883 patients were seen with head injury as their primary diagnosis: 280 patients aged >15 years had a minor head injury that met current criteria for immediate CT scanning. Of these, 66 (23.6%) actually had a CT head scan.

CONCLUSION
The rate of CT head scanning for minor head injury in Queenstown does not comply with current New Zealand guidelines.
Patients’ experience and understanding of E-portals in rural general practice: an ethnographic exploration
Authors: Carryer Jenny , Kooienga Sarah
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT AIM This exploratory qualitative study provides insight into E-portal use in rural primary care. INTRODUCTION As of February 2017, almost 300,000 New Zealanders were using E-portals, offered in over 455 general practices. Patient portals are intended to give patients convenient and secure electronic access to their health information and increase their ability to manage their own health care. Early patient experience of E-portal use in New Zealand has not yet been studied. METHODS Thirty-three patients from three rural general practice sites were interviewed between December 2015 and June 2016. Eleven patients were not using a portal. Data were analysed using ethnograph and comparative analysis between two researchers. RESULTS Four major themes emerged from the data: (i) technology acceptance, (ii) activation to full engagement with E-portals, (iii) benefits and concerns, and (iv) the impact of rural contextual understandings for these 33 patients. DISCUSSION Portal use in New Zealand is in its infancy, but signs suggest that New Zealanders are ready and enthusiastic adopters of such technology. Engagement levels are variable and it is too soon to fully explore the impact of E-portals on the general practice culture, provider relationships and the degree to which portals increase personal self-efficacy in relation to health care.
Self-care of Canterbury general practitioners, nurse practitioners, practice nurses and community pharmacists
Authors: Christie Caroline , Bidwell Susan , Copeland Andrea , Hudson Ben
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Pastoral care is recognised as an important aspect of a mature primary care network. Pegasus Health is now in its 25th year and has had a formal Pastoral Care Programme for doctors since 2009. AIM This study aimed to collect local data on the self-care of Canterbury (Christchurch, New Zealand) general practitioners (GPs), nurse practitioners (NPs), practice nurses (PNs) and community pharmacists (CPs). METHODS The survey was open to all participants in the Pegasus Small Group Education Programme in Canterbury. From a survey circulated to approximately 1100 primary care professionals, 504 responses were collected either electronically or as hard copies. RESULTS The themes that emerged were similar among all the health professional groups. A significant proportion of health professionals took minimal annual leave and even more worked while ill. CPs were the group with the highest rates in both these areas. Reasons given for this focused largely on a lack of locum cover. DISCUSSION Locum cover is a significant issue in Canterbury for all health professional groups in the study. The issue of locums is now being reviewed in Canterbury partly as a result of this study. Consideration is also being given to how the Pastoral Care Programme can be made more widely available.
Ngātiwai Whakapakari Tinana: strengthening bodies through a Kaupapa Māori fitness and exercise programme
Authors: Eggleton Kyle , Stewart Lynette , Kask Atarangi
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Activity based weight loss programmes may result in modest reductions in weight. Despite the small successes demonstrated by these interventions, there are few examples that specifically address the disparity of obesity for Māori compared to non-Māori. AIM This research highlights the results of a Kaupapa Māori fitness and exercise programme that aimed to assist mainly Māori adults, to lose weight. The programme was designed to support participants by using Māori cultural values. METHODS A Muay Thai kickboxing exercise programme was developed with community involvement. Kaupapa Māori principles underpinned the programme, such as whanaungatanga and tino rangatiratanga. Ninety-three participants were followed for at least 3 months. Participants’ blood pressure, weight, body mass index, mental wellbeing scores, and waist and hip circumferences were collected at regular intervals. Multiple linear models were used to calculate estimated changes per 100 days of the programme. RESULTS The mean duration of participation was 214 days. The estimated weight loss per participant per 100 days was 5.2 kg. Statistically significant improvements were noted in blood pressure, waist and hip circumference, systolic blood pressure and mental wellbeing. DISCUSSION The improvements in physical and mental wellbeing are thought to have stemmed, in part, from the use of Kaupapa Māori principles. The success of this programme strengthens the argument that programmes aiming to address the precursors of chronic disease need to be designed for Māori by Māori in order to reduce health inequities.
Smart decisions for the environment
Authors: Wilson Kerrie
Published: June 2018

People that are involved in managing natural environments face the challenge of achieving conservation goals with limited funds, and also of balancing needs for nature conservation with competing demands from society. This context has been a motivation for much of my research over the past 12 years, and I will share my career story with you as part of this paper. I will also describe progress we have made developing methods for prioritising where, when, and how to invest funds for protecting biodiversity. Progress in the field of ecosystem services, combined with progress in prioritisation, has been a key driver of the shift in opinion that conservation investments should be influenced by biodiversity values alone. I will outline examples of the development and application of applied techniques to systematically evaluate the impact of environmental actions, a field that has lagged significantly. The overall impact of my body of research has been to reveal that through smarter investment, significant public and private funds could be saved and far greater benefits for biodiversity and society could be achieved. I finish with some insights into how we can improve the future for women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).
Timing of exogenous progesterone administration is critical for embryo development and uterine gene expression in an ovine model of maternal constraint
Authors: Fermin Lisanne M. , Pain Sarah J. , Gedye Kristene R. , Morel Patrick C. H. , Kenyon Paul R. , Blair Hugh T.
Published: June 2018

Progesterone (P4) administration in early pregnancy enhances embryo growth in sheep but is associated with decreased embryo survival. This study examined the effects of exogenous P4 administered during specific time periods between pregnancy Day 0 and Day 6 to determine the critical time point for advancement of embryo growth without pregnancy loss and to examine Day 6 and Day 19 endometrial gene expression. Suffolk (S) embryos were transferred into Cheviot (C) ewes that received exogenous P4 (CP4) on Days 0–3 (CP40–3), Days 0–6 (CP40–6), Days 2–4 (CP42–4) or Days 3–6 (CP43–6). Additionally, S embryos were transferred to C and S ewes that did not receive P4 (CnP4 and SnP4). Day 19 embryos from CP4 ewes were longer (P < 0.05) than those from CnP4 ewes. CP42–4 ewes had embryos of similar size to those of CP40–3 and CP40–6 ewes but had higher pregnancy rates. There was altered expression of genes associated with embryo implantation and histotroph production: diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase (DGAT2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTSG2) on Day 6 and endometrial galectin 15 (LGALS15) and mucin glycoprotein 1 (MUC1) on Day 19. This suggests that specific timing of P4 administration is critical to the enhanced embryo growth and survival observed. These findings provide a platform for further investigation aimed at advancing embryo development and survival.
Language rights and interpreting services in Spanish prisons
Authors: Martínez-Gómez Aída
Published: June 2018

Criminal justice systems throughout the world are becoming increasingly aware of the challenges posed by language barriers. However, that awareness is still limited to the realm of court proceedings, whereas legislation aiming to protect language rights of foreign prisoners is scarce and vague. In the particular case of Spain, only a few provisions in the Prison Rules envisage the notion of language assistance, making it explicit that such support is to be provided by other prisoners or staff.

This paper aims to analyze the implications of an underdeveloped language policy in the realm of Spanish penitentiary institutions, focusing on how the specific measures stemming from that policy affect the rights of imprisoned foreign nationals. Against the backdrop of the limited legislative coverage of language issues, communication strategies seem to be based on the linguistic assimilation of foreign language-speaking inmates, either to communicate directly with staff or to serve as interpreters for newly arrived fellow inmates. Causes and consequences of these strategies are discussed in this paper, including an analysis of the quality of the interpretations that nonprofessional prisoner-interpreters are able to provide.
Esperanto – a lingua franca in use
Authors: Fiedler Sabine , Brosch Cyril
Published: June 2018

A lingua franca can be a mediation choice for people who do not share a common language. Esperanto, a planned language, functions in this way as the working language in an educational non-governmental organization. The main characteristics of this use are described on the basis of interviews, field notes and spontaneous conversations analyzed using the methods of Conversation Analysis. It is shown that Esperanto functions as the dominant means of communication in the NGO, but also that the use of other languages is not excluded. A typical feature of Esperanto communication is the use of repairs: Esperanto speakers assist one another when faced with lexical gaps and they correct each other’s mistakes. Humor is ubiquitous and is mainly language-based, taking forms including wordplay and culture-specific allusions. These two features are closely related to speakers’ attitudes such as group identity and metalinguistic awareness. It is suggested that Esperanto is a valid option as a lingua franca outside of the private sphere, where it has predominantly been used until now.
An Economic Model of the Evolution of Food Retail and Supply Chains from Traditional Shops to Supermarkets to E‐Commerce
Authors: Lu Liang , Reardon Thomas
Published: June 2018

Food retail has been in continuous evolution for the past century—both in developing and developed countries—from local traditional stores to supermarkets to e‐commerce. In this paper we analyze the evolution of food retail by building a store choice equilibrium model and providing an illustrated discussion. The patterns in retail in any given time and place of different types of stores (such as traditional shops, supermarkets, and online e‐commerce) depend on two main factors. The first are consumers’ characteristics such as income, tastes, and travel costs of going to different stores and/or shipping costs if purchasing online. The second are the stores’ cost structures, which include item costs from upstream producers, the costs of procurement supply chains (beyond the cost of the item) for perishable items, and the costs of in‐store storage. We show under what conditions in equilibrium the different retail types exist and which can become dominant, and what types of goods (dry packaged foods versus perishables) are distributed by what type of retailers.