bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a microfluidic mixer channel: First steps into creating a fluorescent dye‐based biosensor for mAb aggregate detection
Authors: São Pedro Mariana N. , Santos Mafalda S. , Eppink Michel H. M. , Ottens Marcel
Published: November 2022

A major challenge in the transition to continuous biomanufacturing is the lack of process analytical technology (PAT) tools which are able to collect real‐time information on the process and elicit a response to facilitate control. One of the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of interest during monoclonal antibodies production is aggregate formation. The development of a real‐time PAT tool to monitor aggregate formation is then crucial to have immediate feedback and process control. Miniaturized sensors placed after each unit operation can be a powerful solution to speed up an analytical measurement due to their characteristic short reaction time. In this work, a micromixer structure capable of mixing two streams is presented, to be employed in the detection of mAb aggregates using fluorescent dyes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to compare the mixing performance of a series of the proposed designs. A final design of a zigzag microchannel with 45° angle was reached and this structure was subsequently fabricated and experimentally validated with colour dyes and, later, with a FITC‐IgG molecule. The designed zigzag micromixer presents a mixing index of around 90%, obtained in less than 30 seconds. Therefore, a micromixer channel capable of a fast and efficient mixing is hereby demonstrated, to be used as a real‐time PAT tool for a fluorescence based detection of protein aggregation.
circCAPRIN1 interacts with STAT2 to promote tumor progression and lipid synthesis via upregulating ACC1 expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Yufei , Luo Dakui , Shao Yang , Shan Zezhi , Liu Qi , Weng Junyong , He Weijing , Zhang Ruoxin , Li Qingguo , Wang Ziliang , Li Xinxiang
Published: November 2022

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) generated by back‐splicing of precursor mRNAs (pre‐mRNAs) are often aberrantly expressed in cancer cells. Accumulating evidence has revealed that circRNAs play a critical role in the progression of several cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the current understandings of the emerging functions of circRNAs in CRC lipid metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still limited. Here, we aimed to explore the role of circCAPRIN1 in regulating CRC lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis.

Methods

circRNA microarray was performed with three pairs of tumor and non‐tumor tissues from CRC patients. The expression of circRNAs were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). The endogenous levels of circRNAs in CRC cells were manipulated by transfection with lentiviruses overexpressing or silencing circRNAs. The regulatory roles of circRNAs in the occurrence of CRC were investigated both in vitro and in vivo using gene expression array, RNA pull‐down/mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Results

Among circRNAs, circCAPRIN1 was most significantly upregulated in CRC tissue specimens. circCAPRIN1 expression was positively correlated with the clinical stage and unfavorable prognosis of CRC patients. Downregulation of circCAPRIN1 suppressed proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of CRC cells, while circCAPRIN1 overexpression had opposite effects. RNA sequencing and gene ontology analysis indicated that circCAPRIN1 upregulated the expressions of genes involved in CRC lipid metabolism. Moreover, circCAPRIN1 promoted lipid synthesis by enhancing Acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) expression. Further mechanistic assays demonstrated that circCAPRIN1 directly bound signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) to activate ACC1 transcription, thus regulating lipid metabolism and facilitating CRC tumorigenesis.

Conclusions

These findings revealed the oncogenic role and mechanism of circCAPRIN1 in CRC. circCAPRIN1 interacted with STAT2 to promote CRC tumor progression and lipid synthesis by enhancing the expression of ACC1. circCAPRIN1 may be considered as a novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for CRC patients.
Metabolic pathways enriched according to ERG status are associated with biochemical recurrence in Hispanic/Latino patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Acosta‐Vega Natalia L. , Varela Rodolfo , Mesa Jorge Andrés , Garai Jone , Baddoo Melody C. , Gómez‐Gutiérrez Alberto , Serrano‐Gómez Silvia J. , Lemus Marcela Nuñez , Serrano Martha Lucía , Zabaleta Jovanny , Combita Alba L. , Sanabria‐Salas María Carolina
Published: November 2022

Background

The role of ERG‐status molecular subtyping in prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is still under debate. In this study, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to ERG‐status to explore their enriched pathways and implications in prognosis in Hispanic/Latino PCa patients.

Methods

RNA from 78 Hispanic PCa tissues from radical prostatectomies (RP) were used for RNA‐sequencing. ERGhigh/ERGlow tumor groups were determined based on the 1.5‐fold change median expression in non‐tumor samples. DEGs with a False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.01 and a fold change >2 were identified between ERGhigh and ERGlow tumors and submitted to enrichment analysis in MetaCore. Survival and association analyses were performed to evaluate biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival.

Results

The identification of 150 DEGs between ERGhigh and ERGlow tumors revealed clustering of most of the non‐BCR cases (60%) into de ERGhigh group and most of the BCR cases (60.8%) in ERGlow group. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed a worst BCR‐free survival for ERGlow patients, and a significant reduced risk of BCR was observed for ERGhigh cases (OR = 0.29 (95%CI, 0.10–0.8)). Enrichment pathway analysis identified metabolic‐related pathways, such as the renin‐angiotensin system and angiotensin maturation system, the linoleic acid metabolism, and polyamines metabolism in these ERG groups.

Conclusions

ERGlow tumor cases were associated with poor BCR‐free survival in our Hispanic/Latino patients, with metabolism‐related pathways altered in the BCR progression.

Impact

Our findings suggest the need to dissect the role of diet, metabolism, and lifestyle as risk factors for more aggressive PCa subtypes.
Development of a framework for classifying threat and neglect in childhood: A qualitative study
Authors: Betts Joseph L. , Ownsworth Tamara , Dawe Sharon
Published: November 2022

Quantification of childhood adversity has typically involved a cumulative risk approach in which total number of discrete adversities serves as an index of overall risk. However, this approach fails to account for the growing evidence of differential outcomes following exposure to childhood adversities. An alternative approach adopts a dimensional perspective, with growing evidence for distinct developmental impacts associated with exposure to threat (violence/abuse) and deprivation (neglect). This study developed a framework for the classification of these dimensions through a thematic analysis of health practitioners' views and accounts of different forms of childhood adversity. Ten health practitioners experienced in working with children with challenging behaviours and neurodevelopmental disorders participated in semi‐structured interviews regarding definitions and examples of six categories of adversity: physical/emotional/sexual abuse, physical/emotional neglect, and domestic and family violence. The qualitative analysis identified 23 themes across the six categories of adversity, along with two overarching themes regarding ambiguity of classifying exposures and non‐specific outcomes of exposures. Themes were integrated to provide a framework and checklist for classifying indicators of exposure to threat and deprivation. The findings offer a framework and checklist for the assessment of threat and deprivation that will allow for further testing of the dimensional risk model.
Effects of service robots' anthropomorphism on consumers' attribution toward and forgiveness of service failure
Authors: Cheng Li‐Keng
Published: November 2022

We investigated the effects of service robots' anthropomorphism on consumers' attribution and forgiveness of service failure. By manipulating the levels of anthropomorphism in service robots in three experiments, we evaluated the relationship norms and involvement levels of consumers. Three contributions of our study are as follows. First, most human–robot interaction studies have focused on consumers' dissatisfaction with service robots' service failures. Unfortunately, few studies have investigated the influence of service robots' anthropomorphism levels on consumers' internal attribution and forgiveness of service failure. In the present study, we found a positive correlation between the former and the latter. The findings of this study indicate marketing managers should design their service robots to be less anthropomorphic to reduce the likelihood of consumers making an internal attribution when a service failure occurs and increase their forgiveness of service failure. In addition, to reduce the likelihood of consumers' internal attribution upon service failure, managers may ensure that their service robots explain to the consumers the cause of service failure (e.g., inability to understand consumers' requirements and robots' design‐related limitations). Second, consumers' relationship norms moderate the effect of anthropomorphism level on internal attribution. Third, robot anthropomorphism is reportedly effective only when anthropomorphization occurs subconsciously.
Strain echocardiography in a sepsis‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Higny Julien , Bulpa Pierre , Berners Yannick
Published: November 2022

Sepsis‐induced cardiomyopathy represents a challenging disorder for critical care practitioners in terms of diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Strain echocardiography may help to identify ventricular dysfunction at precocious stage in critically ill patients. In this manuscript, we describe early impairment in left ventricular systolic function using speckle‐tracking echocardiography.
Electrocatalytic CO2Reduction with a Binuclear Bis‐Terpyridine Pyrazole‐Bridged Cobalt Complex**
Authors: Bohn Antoine , Moreno Juan José , Thuéry Pierre , Robert Marc , Rivada‐Wheelaghan Orestes
Published: November 2022

A pyrazole‐based ligand substituted with terpyridine groups at the 3 and 5 positions has been synthesized to form the dinuclear cobalt complex1, that electrocatalytically reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of Brønsted acids in DMF. Chemical, electrochemical and UV‐vis spectro‐electrochemical studies under inert atmosphere indicate pairwise reduction processes of complex1. Infrared spectro‐electrochemical studies under CO2and CO atmosphere are consistent with a reduced CO‐containing dicobalt complex which results from the electroreduction of CO2. In the presence of trifluoroethanol (TFE), electrocatalytic studies revealed single‐site mechanism with up to 94 % selectivity towards CO formation when 1.47 M TFE were present, at −1.35 V vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode in DMF (0.39 V overpotential). The low faradaic efficiencies obtained (<50 %) are attributed to the generation of CO‐containing species formed during the electrocatalytic process, which inhibit the reduction of CO2.
Optimization of Ironmaking Blast Furnace Operations Using an Integrated Mathematical Model
Authors: Liu Lingling , Kuang Shibo , Guo Baoyu , Yu Aibing
Published: November 2022

Optimization of ironmaking blast furnaces (BFs) must consider bottom and top operations. This is done by a recently developed integrated BF model covering the BF below the burden surface. Key operating parameters are focused, viz. coal rate, oxygen enrichment, blast temperature, and burden central opening extent. Numerical orthogonal experiments are thus conducted. Fitting the simulation data yields a set of empirical correlations predicting BF performance indicators. After the fitting accuracy test, the correlations are used for multi‐objective optimization and operatable zone identification.
Direct Photopatterning of BODIPY‐Based Small Molecules via Thiol‐ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Özdemir Mücahit , Altınışık Sinem , Ömeroğlu İpek , Köksoy Baybars , Durmuş Mahmut , Yalçın Bahattin , Koyuncu Sermet
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate a BODIPY‐based small molecule photopatterned surface by thiol‐ene click chemistry at room temperature utilizing only 366 nm UV light. The resulting cross‐linked polymer exhibits porous surfaces according to AFM and TEM results. A dramatic blue shift occurred in absorption spectra and the photoluminescence was also intensified as a result of crosslinking. Optical and electrochemical results are compatible with the DFT calculations. The obtained results prove that the photopatterned BODIPY‐based material can be easily and inexpensively applied in multilayer optoelectronic devices.
A Theoretical Perspective to Decipher the Origin of High Hydrogen Storage Capacity in Mn(II) Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Jose Reshma , Pal Sourav , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: November 2022

Herein, we report a detailed periodic DFT investigation of Mn(II)‐based [(Mn4Cl)3(BTT)8]3− (BTT3−=1,3,5‐benzenetristetrazolate) metal‐organic framework (MOF) to explore various hydrogen binding pockets, nature of MOF…H2 interactions, magnetic coupling and, H2 uptake capacity. Earlier experiments found an uptake capacity of 6.9 wt % of H2, with the heat of adsorption estimated to be ∼10 kJ/mol, which is one among the highest for any MOFs reported. Our calculations unveil different binding sites with computed binding energy varying from −6 to −15 kJ/mol. The binding of H2 at the Mn2+ site is found to be the strongest (site I), with H2 found to bind Mn2+ ion in a η2 fashion with a distance of 2.27 Å and binding energy of −15.4 kJ/mol. The bonding analysis performed using NBO and AIM reveal a strong donation of σ (H2) to the dz2 orbital of the Mn2+ ion responsible for such large binding energy. The other binding pockets, such as −Cl (site II) and BTT ligands (site III and IV) were found to be weaker, with the binding energy decreasing in the order I>II>III>IV. The average binding energy computed for these four sites put together is 9.6 kJ/mol, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of ∼10 kJ/mol. We have expanded our calculations to compute binding energy for multiple sites simultaneously, and in this model, the binding energy per site was found to decrease as we increased the number of H2 molecules suggesting electronic and steric factors controlling the overall uptake capacity. The calculated adsorption isotherm using the GCMC method reproduces the experimental observations. Further, the magnetic coupling computed for the unbound MOF reveals moderate ferromagnetic and strong antiferromagnetic coupling within the tetrameric {Mn4} unit leading to a three‐up‐one‐down spin configuration as the ground state. These were then coupled ferromagnetically to other tetrameric units in the MOF network. The magnetic coupling was found to alter only marginally upon gas binding, suggesting that both exchange interaction and the spin‐states are unlikely to play a role in the H2 uptake. This is contrary to the O2 uptake studied lately, where strong dependence on exchange‐coupling/spin state was witnessed, suggesting exchange‐coupling/magnetic field dependent binding as a viable route for gas separation.
Nitrogen‐Rich Oxetanes Based on the Combination of Azides and Tetrazoles
Authors: Fuchs Veronika , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg , Voggenreiter Michael
Published: November 2022

Literature known energetic oxetane derivatives have a nitrogen content of up to 49.98 %. Through the introduction of azide and tetrazole functionalities attached to an oxetane ring, energetic oxetanes with higher nitrogen contents than previously reported in the literature were obtained. The newly synthesized oxetane derivatives were extensively characterized via 1H NMR, 13C{1H} NMR, 14N NMR, 15N NMR, 1H‐15N HMBC, FT‐IR spectroscopy and/or DTA. Their crystal structures were elucidated using X‐ray diffraction, their sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were determined and their energetic properties were calculated using the EXPLO5 code.
Probiotics encapsulated gastroprotective cross‐linked microgels: Enhanced viability under stressed conditions with dried apple carrier
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Ateeq Huda , Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem , Imran Ali , Ahmed Aftab , Aamir Muhammad , Islam Fakhar , Yasmin Iqra , Shah Yasir Abbas , Hussain Muzzamal , Hameed Adnan , Kumar Roshan , Awuchi Chinaza Godswill
Published: November 2022

In the current study, Lactobacillus acidophilus was encapsulated in sodium alginate and whey protein isolate, with the addition of antacids CaCO3 or Mg(OH)2. The obtained microgels were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Encapsulated and free probiotics were subjected to vitality assay under stressed conditions. Furthermore, dried apple snack was evaluated as a carrier for probiotics for 28 days. A significant (p ≤ .05) effect of antacid with an encapsulating agent was observed under different stressed conditions. During exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, there were observations of 1.24 log CFU and 2.17 log CFU, with corresponding 0.93 log CFU and 2.63 log CFU decrease in the case of SA + CaCO3 and WPI + CaCO3 respectively. Likewise, high viability was observed under thermal and refrigerated conditions for probiotics encapsulated with SA + CaCO3. In conclusion, the results indicated that alginate microgels with CaCO3 are effective in prolonging the viability of probiotics under stressed conditions.
Efficient Synthesis of 9‐Aminophenanthrenes and Heterocyclic Analogues by Electrocyclization of Biaryl Keteniminium Salts
Authors: Quinodoz Pierre , Kolleth Amandine , Dagoneau Dylan , Yoshimura Masahiko , Reyes Méndez Lucía , Joigneaux Mylène , Staiger Roman , Horber Robin , Sulzer‐Mossé Sarah , Bekar Cesaretli Aybike , Karadeniz Yezer Ulfet , Catak Saron , De Mesmaeker Alain
Published: November 2022

We describe herein a high yielding and metal‐free methodology to access 9‐aminophenanthrene derivatives and heterocyclic analogues starting from biaryl acetamides. The conversion of the substrates to their corresponding keteniminium salts triggers a spontaneous electrocyclization occurring at room temperature within a few minutes. DFT Calculations and competition reactions were carried out to rationalize the observed reactivity and understand the relative kinetics compared to other known reactions involving keteniminium salts.
Working globally: costs and considerations involved
Authors: Taylor Ed
Published: November 2022

Veterinarians have a unique opportunity to work in almost every corner of the globe. With this comes the excitement of exploring new places and meeting new people, as well as the scope for professional growth and development. In this article, the third in a three‐part financial series, the pros and cons of working abroad are discussed, including the costs involved, visa requirements and professional development opportunities.
Are citizens engaging with government social media Covid 19 pandemic information? Why media richness and dialogic loop features matter
Authors: Amores Chen Mie L. , Bael Mikaela Golden L. , Escabarte Rean Joy D. , Batara Enrique B. , Jovita‐Olvez Hazel D. , Tomaro Queenie Pearl V.
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the extent to which media richness, dialogic loop, and content type affect citizen engagement with local government social media information on the Covid‐19 pandemic. Quantitative content analysis through scraping of Facebook posts by the local government was employed in this study. Effects of the determinant variables was tested using negative binomial regression. Results show that both media richness and dialogic loop have significant and positive effects on citizens' engagement. This means that the richer the media, and the more dialogic features present in a Facebook post, the higher the turnout of reactions, shares, and comments of such post. Content type, on the other hand, was found to have no significant effect, implying that the number of content categories a certain post belongs to does not influence engagement from citizens. The study focused only on the local government's pandemic information posted on Facebook. Local governments should continue utilizing social media in disseminating pandemic information, and in the process, consider maximum utilization of the social media features to generate more engagement from its citizens. This study is the first to determine the factors affecting citizen engagement with government social media during the Covid‐19 pandemic in the Philippine context.
Ba/Ca in foraminifera shells as a proxy of submarine groundwater discharge
Authors: Guo Xiaoyi , Yuan Huamao , Burnett William , Zhang Han , Lian Ergang , Xu Haowei , Yu Zhigang , Xu Bochao
Published: November 2022

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can have a profound influence on marine environments and elemental biogeochemical cycles in coastal waters. We have explored the feasibility of using Ba/Ca ratios of benthic foraminiferal shells as a proxy of SGD. Dissolved barium (DBa) displayed enrichment behavior in bottom waters indicating that SGD is a major DBa source in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary. Foraminifera that lived in bottom waters with elevated 222Rn activities (high SGD) showed a larger range of Ba/Ca ratios than those that lived under low bottom water 222Rn activities (low SGD). Our findings support the view that benthic foraminiferal Ba/Ca ratios could be treated as a qualitative proxy of SGD. We propose that in areas where SGD is the main source of DBa, foraminiferal Ba/Ca ratios could be applied for long‐term historical SGD records.
Effect of air cooling time on temperature and microstructure uniformity of 960 MPa high strength steel by direct quenching
Authors: Yang X. , Yu W. , Tang D. , Chen Z. , Fan J. , Shi J. , Wang L. , Sun D.
Published: November 2022

In order to improve the temperature and microstructure uniformity in the thickness direction of online‐quenching 960 MPa high strength steel, the finite element software ADINA and the experiments have been used to analyze the effect of internal air cooling on temperature variation in the thickness direction during the online quenching process. The results showed that the interval air cooling could effectively improve the uniformity of temperature, microstructure and hardness in the direction of thickness of steel plate during the online quenching process. When air cooled for 3.2 s, the temperature difference between the surface and the core of the steel plate could be reduced by 90.13 %, and the cooling rate in the core could be reduced by about 85.20 % compared with continuous water cooling condition. The hardness difference between the surface and the core could reduce from 23 HV 5 to 5 HV 5. The internal air cooling process had an influence on the matensite lath morphology compared with continuous water cooling process. The microstructures with the different cooling conditions were martensite and the properties could still meet the requirements of 960 MPa high strength steel.
Experimental investigation on microstructure, mechanical and machining properties of Al‐4032/granite marble powder (GMP) composite produced through stir casting
Authors: Saini P. , Singh P.K.
Published: November 2022

The aluminium‐based composites (AMCs) are quite popular in several areas such as building, aerospace, automotive, marine, and aeronautical applications. Production industries deeply emphasize improvement in productivity and saving in cost. The composites fulfil these goals because of reinforcement materials. However, to bring in the composite to usage, it generally demands certain machining operation. Al‐4032 based 6 % (by weight) of granite marble powder (GMP) composite has been developed using stir casting set‐up. The fabricated composite has been examined for its machinability in milling operation. Cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are the cutting parameters selected for the machining trials. The response surface methodology‐based desirability approach has been employed to obtain the best parameters for achieving the desired objectives. Experimental results demonstrate that the machined composite is considerably influenced by built‐up edge formation and interfacial bonding of particles. Minimum surface roughness (1.57 μm) and energy consumption (0.45 kWh) have been achieved at cutting speed 200 m/min, feed rate 197 mm/min, and depth of cut 1.5 mm.
Tissue origin matters: Maintenance of tenogenic phenotype on the tendon and not skin collagen‐derived devices
Authors: Sorushanova Anna , Tsiapalis Dimitrios , Skoufos Ioannis , Tzora Athina , FitzGerald Una , Mullen Anne M. , Zeugolis Dimitrios I.
Published: November 2022

Recent data suggest that collagen retains the memory of the tissue that it derives from. With this in mind, collagen (from bovine skin and tendon) sponges were fabricated with different crosslinking densities, and their physicochemical and biological properties were assessed. As the crosslinking density was increased, the resistance to collagenase digestion, denaturation temperature, compressive stress, and compressive modulus was significantly increased and the free amine content, % swelling, and human dermal fibroblast cytocompatibility were significantly reduced. The tendon‐collagen‐derived scaffolds exhibited significantly higher compressive stress and compressive modulus values and induced significantly higher human tenocyte DNA concentration and metabolic activity than the skin‐collagen‐derived scaffolds. In human tenocyte cultures on day 14, the 1 mM 4‐arm polyethylene‐glycol succinimidyl glutarate tendon‐collagen‐derived collagen sponges induced significantly higher collagen type III synthesis (as expected at early stages of physiological tendon healing) and downregulated actin alpha 2 (associated with myofibroblast differentiation) and the skin‐collagen‐derived collagen sponges induced significantly higher collagen type IV synthesis (found primarily at the dermal‐epidermal junction) and upregulated prolyl 4‐hydroxylase subunit alpha‐1 (associated with collagen biosynthesis and constitutes a target for antifibrotic compounds). Our data indicate that the tissue from which collagen is extracted should be considered in the development of medical devices.
Guided by the principles of microbiome engineering: Accomplishments and perspectives for environmental use
Authors: Hu Haiyang , Wang Miaoxiao , Huang Yiqun , Xu Zhaoyong , Xu Ping , Nie Yong , Tang Hongzhi
Published: November 2022

Although the accomplishments of microbiome engineering highlight its significance for the targeted manipulation of microbial communities, knowledge and technical gaps still limit the applications of microbiome engineering in biotechnology, especially for environmental use. Addressing the environmental challenges of refractory pollutants and fluctuating environmental conditions requires an adequate understanding of the theoretical achievements and practical applications of microbiome engineering. Here, we review recent cutting‐edge studies on microbiome engineering strategies and their classical applications in bioremediation. Moreover, a framework is summarized for combining both top‐down and bottom‐up approaches in microbiome engineering toward improved applications. A strategy to engineer microbiomes for environmental use, which avoids the build‐up of toxic intermediates that pose a risk to human health, is suggested. We anticipate that the highlighted framework and strategy will be beneficial for engineering microbiomes to address difficult environmental challenges such as degrading multiple refractory pollutants and sustain the performance of engineered microbiomes in situ with indigenous microorganisms under fluctuating conditions.
The rheological properties of shear thickening fluid reinforced with ZnO of different friction characteristics
Authors: Wang Ping , Li Lulu , Qian Kun , Yu Kejing , Zhang Yaoliang , Xia Yunpeng , Zhang Zhongwei , Xiong Ziming
Published: November 2022

The viscosity of shear thickening fluid (STF) changes significantly with low concentrations of additives. However, existing research has suggested that there has not been any consistent enhancement mechanism of additives. The possible reason for this research gap is that existing research has focused on the effect of the shape and content of additives on shear thickening (ST) performance, whereas the friction characteristics of additives on ST performance have not been considered. Accordingly, nanoparticle‐enhanced STF with various friction characteristics of ZnO was synthesized in this study to investigate the enhancement mechanism of additives. The aspect ratio of ZnO with different shapes was obtained through SEM analysis. The friction characteristics of ZnO were examined. Lastly, the rheological behavior of reinforced STFs was evaluated. The results indicated that ST performance was enhanced compared with that of neat STF, which was significantly dependent on the friction characteristics of ZnO.
Correlation of reuse extent with degradation degree of PA 12 powder during laser powder bed fusion and mechanical behavior of sintered parts
Authors: Alo Oluwaseun A. , Otunniyi Iyiola O. , Mauchline David
Published: November 2022

The development of an effective powder utilization is key to maximizing the potential of polyamide 12 (PA 12) for commercial laser‐based powder bed fusion of polymers (PBF‐LB/P). This requires an extensive study of relationships between the powder reuse extent, macroscopic properties of the powder, and mechanical properties of sintered parts. This work investigates the effects of the extent of PA 12 powder reuse during PBF‐LB/P on the powder's degradation degree and mechanical properties of the sintered parts. Powder reuse extent was expressed in terms of cumulative build time while degradation degree was assessed in terms of deviations in the properties of the reused powders from those of virgin powder. Increase in the powder reuse extent led to increased thickness of crystallite, melting temperature, and sintering window of the powder while the crystallization temperature, crystallinity degree, and melt flow rate decreased with increased reuse extent. The mechanical strength and modulus of the sintered parts initially decreased with an increase in number of build cycles to reach a minimum at the sixth build cycle, after which it increased. This study is a step further towards achieving an efficient PA 12 powder management and a systematic control of quality of sintered parts.
Preservice teachers' impressions of psychoeducational reports
Authors: Friesen Deanna C. , King Colin B. , Fenesi Barbara
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the current study was to investigate how preservice teachers perceived the utility of a psychological report for their practice (e.g., creating an individual education plan or a lesson plan). Teacher candidates, who were enrolled in an Inclusive Education course, used fictional psychological reports as the basis for course assignments and were then asked to rate and describe the utility of each report section. Participants reported that most sections of the report were very accessible, and that the recommendations section was the most useful for their teaching practice. Qualitative comments revealed that teacher candidates were employing a student‐focused lens and identifying information that would enable them to support students in their class. Implications are discussed with respect to how to close the knowledge gap between educators and school psychologists.
Structures and absolute configurations of excoecoumarins A and B studied by experimental and theoretical NMR and circular dichroism spectra
Authors: Chang Mu‐Fong , Chang Jia‐Lin , Cheng Chih‐Yang , Wu Ho‐Cheng , Chang Hsun‐Shuo , Cheng Ming‐Jen
Published: November 2022

The structures and absolute configurations of two organic compounds, excoecoumarin A and excoecoumarin B, were studied by recording their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and performing quantum‐chemistry computations. The optical rotations and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ECD, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and ultraviolet (UV) spectra of candidate structures were computed using the B3LYP approach of the density functional theory. The structures and absolute configurations of excoecoumarins A and B are inferred from the agreement between the experimental and theoretical NMR, ECD, and UV spectra. Although a specific configuration can be assigned to excoecoumarin A, three structures are possible for excoecoumarin B. The computations indicated that the absolute configuration of excoecoumarin B can be further identified by acquiring the VCD spectra. In any case, the present study indicated that the structures reported previously should be revised.
X‐Ray‐Excited Luminescence of High‐Quality Doped GaN Single Crystals
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Chen Shuying , Hui Yangshuqin , Huang Feng , Lin Richeng , Zheng Wei
Published: November 2022

X‐Ray‐induced luminescence behavior of Si/Ge‐doped GaN single crystals is observed and analyzed in combination with undoped GaN. Similarities between radioluminescence (RL) and photoluminescence (PL) indicate an analogous physical process. Under X‐Ray irradiation, the gallium nitride (GaN) single crystals doped with Si/Ge elements intensely emit tunable visible light ranging from 1.8 to 2.2 eV, and an ultraviolet (UV) emission of ≈3.3 eV is aroused by the intrinsic direct band‐edge transition of GaN. Due to the difference in the physical properties of excitation source and the self‐absorption effect, the UV signal in RL has a dramatic reduction (especially for undoped GaN) and redshift, which is also considered to be the obvious difference between the two spectra. RL results obtained herein along with PL demonstrate that the visible luminescence of Si/Ge‐doped GaN is mainly attributed to DAP or/and e‐A recombination, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Pd‐Based Metallenes for Fuel Cell Reactions
Authors: Chu Xianxu , Li Junru , Qian Weiyu , Xu Hui
Published: November 2022

Pd‐based metallenes, atomically thin layers composed primarily of under‐coordinated Pd atoms, have emerged as the newest members in the family of two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Moreover, the unique physiochemical properties, high intrinsic activity associated with metallenes coupled with the ease of applying chemical modifications result in great potential in catalyst engineering for fuel cell reactions. Especially in recent years, interest in Pd‐based metallenes is growing, as evidenced by surge in available literatures. Herein, we have reviewed the recent findings achieved in Pd‐based metallenes in fuel cells by highlighting the technologies available for deriving metallenes and manifesting the modification strategies for designing them to better suit the application demand. Moreover, we also discuss the perspective insights of Pd‐based metallenes for fuel cells regarding the surfactant‐free synthesis method, strain engineering, constructing high‐entropy alloy, and so on.
Properties enhancement of packaging materials based on gelatin
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Shahrulnizam , Ali Roshafima Rasit , Majid Rohah A. , Mohamad Zurina
Published: November 2022

The main disadvantages of plastic materials are that they do not readily break down in the environment and cause harmful effects. For a specific use, biodegradable and/or edible films have been produced to totally replace some typical polymeric packaging materials. Protein and polysaccharides biopolymers have film‐forming properties that are useful for food packaging. Gelatin is an example of a protein that has the ability to form a film, has strong functional qualities, and can be used as an exterior barrier to prevent drying. Gelatin has adverse effects on food packaging application, especially mechanical properties and water vapor permeability. The effect of the incorporation of plasticizers in gelatin films is reviewed and presented. The plasticizer can improve the extensibility, dispensability, flexibility, elasticity, and rigidity of biopolymers and biopolymers composites. The plasticizers reviewed are glycerol, sorbitol, lignin, root essential oils, bergamot oil, lemongrass oil, sucrose, oleic acid, malic acid, and citric acid, and others. These plasticizers have strengthened the film structure by continuity of polymer matrix where the gelatin films become more stretchable and also flexible. This study also discussed the effect of plasticizers on other properties of gelatin film such as water vapor permeability (WVP), thermal properties, water‐solubility, moisture content, oxygen permeability, light transmission, and transparency.
Landesspezifische Determinanten unterschiedlicher Erscheinungsformen zivilgesellschaftlichen Handelns
Authors: Holtmann Everhard , Jaeck Tobias , Wohlleben Odette
Published: November 2022

In diesem Kapitel werden verschiedene Formen zivilgesellschaftlichen Handelns in den Bundesländern analysiert. Der zentrale Fokus dieser Analysen liegt darauf, fördernde und störende beziehungsweise hemmende Einflussfaktoren auf zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement zu identifizieren und zu beschreiben. Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse auf der Ebene der Bundesländer betrachtet.
Kurzfassung wichtiger Ergebnisse
Authors: Holtmann Everhard , Jaeck Tobias , Wohlleben Odette
Published: November 2022

Seit 1999 ist die Zahl freiwillig engagierter Bürgerinnen und Bürger in Deutschland um etwa 9 % gewachsen. Auf einem etwa gleichen Niveau von rund 40 % stagnierte die Engagementquote zwischen 2014 und 2019. Auch die Vorstufe zum Engagement, das heißt der Gesamtanteil öffentlich gemeinschaftlicher Aktivitäten, hat sich, gemessen am gleichen Ausgangsjahr, innerhalb der vergangenen 2 Jahrzehnte moderat um gut 3 Prozentpunkte auf 66 % erhöht. Im Zeitverlauf wird insbesondere beim freiwilligen Engagement eine Tendenz zu länderübergreifender Konvergenz erkennbar. Doch nach wie vor differiert die real gemessene Engagementfreudigkeit zwischen den Bundesländern.
Charakteristika älterer im Vergleich zu jüngeren Notfallpatienten
Authors: Langhoop Katharina , Habbinga Kirsten , Greiner Felix , Hoffmann Falk ,   AKTIN-Notaufnahmeregister, Wehler Markus , Blaschke Sabine , Hofmann Tobias , Lucas Benjamin , Grupp Caroline , Pietsch Christian , Horn Oliver , Höger-Schmidt Heike , Dormann Harald , Ullrich Greta , Habbinga Kirsten , Henke Thomas , Schilling Tobias , Erdmann Bernadett , Wetzel Eckart , Baacke Markus , Grashey Rupert , Röhrig Rainer , Majeed Raphael , Bienzeisler Jonas , Walcher Felix , Schirrmeister Wiebke , Otto Ronny
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Ziel ist es, bundesweit und klinikübergreifend altersspezifische Unterschiede in den Charakteristika insbesondere von älteren Notfallpatienten herauszuarbeiten.

Methodik

Aus 11 sowohl universitären als auch außeruniversitären Notaufnahmen, angeschlossen an das AKTIN (Aktionsbündnis für Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie in Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin) -Notaufnahmeregister, wurden für das Kalenderjahr 2019 Daten aller Notfallpatienten im Mindestalter von 18 Jahren analysiert. Neben demografischen Daten wurden Variablen wie Zu‑/Einweiser, Transportart, Stufe der Ersteinschätzung, Diagnosen, Aufenthaltsdauer und Verlegungsart erfasst und nach Altersgruppen sowie dezidiert nach jüngeren (18–64 Jahre) und älteren Patienten (65+ Jahre) verglichen.

Ergebnisse

Eingeschlossen wurden Daten von 356.354 Patienten (39,1 % davon  65+ Jahre). Im Vergleich zu jüngeren werden ältere Notfallpatienten eher rettungsdienstbegleitet (15,4 % vs. 34,3 %) und fast doppelt so häufig notarztbegleitet (6,4 % vs. 12,2 %). Mit zunehmendem Alter nimmt die Therapiedringlichkeit zu, 47,1 % der Jüngeren und 66,1 % der Älteren wurden als gelb, orange oder rot eingestuft. Gleichzeitig sind bei 65+-Jährigen internistische Erkrankungen (22,5 % vs. 38,8 %) als auch stationäre Aufnahmen (27,5 % vs. 60,3 %) sowie direkte Verlegungen auf Intensivstation (4,5 % vs. 11,9 %) deutlich häufiger als bei den jüngeren Notfallpatienten.

Schlussfolgerung

Etwa 40 % aller erwachsenen Notfallpatienten sind 65+ Jahre alt. Sie sind im Vergleich zu Jüngeren dringlicherer behandlungsbedürftig und werden deutlich häufiger stationär aufgenommen. Bei den älteren Patienten sind häufiger internistische Krankheitsbilder die führenden Notaufnahmediagnosen.
Urethritis durch Koinfektion mit Neisseria gonorrhoeae und Enterobius vermicularis bei einem 27-jährigen Patienten
Authors: Schadelbauer Eva , Tripolt-Droschl Katharina , Sadoghi Birgit
Published: November 2022

Eine Urethritis wird oft durch sexuell übertragbare Pathogene (beispielsweise Chlamydia trachomatis [CT] und Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]) hervorgerufen [1]. Infektionen mit NG sind eine globale Bürde, da sich jährlich etwa 90 Mio. Erwachsene infizieren [2]. Die Behandlung soll nach Empfehlungen nationaler Richtlinien und Resistenzprofilen erfolgen [2, 3]. Enterobius vermicularis (EV) ist der häufigste humane Helminth [4, 5]. Schätzungen zufolge sind weltweit bis zu 1 Mrd. Menschen infiziert [6]. Symptome beinhalten analen Pruritus, wobei viele Infektionen asymptomatisch verlaufen [4–7]. Die Autoren beschreiben den Fall einer Urethritis durch simultane Infektion mit NG und EV.
Die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung von Individuellen Gesundheitsleistungen (IGeL) in der Augenheilkunde über die Zeit: Umfrageergebnisse aus 2010 und 2020
Authors: Liang Paula , Wacker Katrin , Schlunck Günther , Agostini Hansjürgen , Raffelhüschen Bernd , Reinhard Thomas , Bucher Felicitas
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Individuelle Gesundheitsleistungen (IGeL) ermöglichen die Versorgung von Patienten mit medizinischen Leistungen außerhalb des Leistungskataloges der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Eine zentrale Datenerhebung zu erbrachten IGeL in der medizinischen Versorgung existiert jedoch nicht.

Fragestellung

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Spektrum und den Umfang erbrachter IGeL in der Augenheilkunde beispielhaft für die Bedeutung von IGeL in Deutschland basierend auf Umfrageergebnissen abzubilden.

Material und Methoden

Bundesweit wurden 2010 und 2020 randomisiert 10 % der niedergelassenen Augenärzte mittels eines anonymisierten Fragebogens schriftlich kontaktiert, wobei in 2020 zusätzlich noch dieselben Augenärzte aus 2010 angeschrieben wurden. Der Fragebogen erhob Daten zu Praxisstruktur, Gesamteinnahmen durch IGeL pro Praxis sowie Häufigkeit und Preis spezifischer IGeL.

Ergebnisse

Einnahmen aus IGeL pro Praxis wurden 2010 durchschnittlich auf 21 % und 2020 auf 23 % des Regelleistungsvolumens geschätzt. Glaukom- und Gutachten-IGeL wurden von fast allen Augenärzten angeboten, wobei das Glaukomscreening mit einer durchschnittlichen Frequenz von über 150 Untersuchungen/Monat am häufigsten durchgeführt wurde. Einzelne IGeL, wie z. B. der HRT-IGeL, wurden 2020 von deutlich weniger Augenärzten angeboten als 2010, während IGeL, basierend auf anderen technologischen Verfahren wie das Glaukom-OCT, 2020 vermehrt angeboten wurden.

Diskussion

Der Umfang erbrachter IGeL in niedergelassenen Augenarztpraxen war zwischen 2010 und 2020 stabil. Das Spektrum angebotener Leistungen 2020 im Vergleich zu 2010 spiegelt einen dynamischen Wandel mit der Durchsetzung neuer Technologien in der Routineversorgung wider.
The prevalence of hoarseness among health care professionals: time trends and effect of remediation in working conditions in 2007–2018
Authors: Vilén Liisa , Atosuo Janne , Putus Tuula
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate time trends in the prevalence of hoarseness among health care professionals in primary health care units (PHC) and in hospitals from 2007 to 2018. Moreover, purpose was to discover potential indoor environmental quality (IEQ) risk factors as well as to determine the effect of the remediation of the indoor air problems on the prevalence of hoarseness.

Methods

The health status was collected from all employees in these units/hospitals (N = 1564/1199) with questionnaires and the follow-ups were carried out as an open cohort. Based on building condition inspections, buildings were classified to be an “exposed” or “reference” buildings by third-party experts. The before and after remediation results were compared to reference buildings.

Results

During follow-up, hoarseness has not increased in those PHC units with good IEQ. In the pilot study, the prevalence of hoarseness in non-exposed reference building was 5.9%, and it stayed approximately at the same level throughout the follow-up. Whereas in buildings with an IEQ problem the prevalence of hoarseness varied between 16.2 and 36.1% and it decreased to 11.4% after the remediations. In a large hospital with severe IEQ problems, the prevalence of hoarseness was 39.1%, and in hospital buildings with a milder exposure 23.3%. The most important risk factors for hoarseness were asthma, allergic rhinitis and IEQ problems.

Conclusion

A good indoor environment and the remediation of damaged buildings seem to promote a better condition of the voice in health care workers.
Zeitdimensionen des menschlichen Lebens
Authors: Steinfath Holmer , Clausen Anne
Published: November 2022

Angesichts der zentralen Bedeutung, die die spezifische Zeitlichkeit unserer Existenz für Fragen der Lebensführung hat, liegt es auf der Hand, dass gerade auch im Bereich von Medizin und Medizinethik zeitliche Dimensionen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Das Feld der dabei zu beachtenden temporalen Phänomene wird jedoch schnell unübersichtlich. Vor deren medizinethischer Bewertung erscheint deswegen eine philosophische Vorklärung relevanter Zeitunterscheidungen angezeigt. Eine solche Vorklärung nehmen wir in diesem Aufsatz in Angriff. Ziel ist die Entwicklung einer Matrix von temporalen Differenzierungen, die auch zur ethischen Orientierung medizinischer Praktiken herangezogen werden sollten. Auf der Basis der grundlegenden Unterscheidung zwischen der Zeit, in der sich unser Leben wie andere Prozesse auch abspielt, und der Zeitlichkeit, die dieses Leben wesentlich ausmacht, arbeiten wir vier Zeitfelder heraus: die lineare Zeit der chronologischen Ordnung von Ereignissen, die intersubjektive Zeit sozialer Interaktionen, die zyklische Zeit biologischer und sozialer Rhythmen und die biographische Zeit, in der Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft existenzielle Bedeutungen annehmen und Endlichkeit und Irreversibilität von Lebensprozessen verhandelt werden. Zur Erläuterung dieser viergliedrigen Matrix greifen wir auf verschiedene Zeitphilosophien zurück, etwa auf solche aus der phänomenologischen Tradition oder aus der neueren analytischen Diskussion.