bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Modeling of IMU Arrays Under the Generic Multi-Sensor Integration Strategy
Authors: Brunson Benjamin , Wang Jianguo , Ma Wenbo
Published: December 2024

This research proposes a novel modeling method for integrating IMU arrays into multi-sensor kinematic positioning/navigation systems. This method characterizes sensor errors (biases/scale factor errors) for each IMU in an IMU array, leveraging the novel Generic Multisensor Integration Strategy (GMIS) and the framework for comprehensive error analysis in Discrete Kalman filtering developed through the authors’ previous research. This work enables the time-varying estimation of all individual sensor errors for an IMU array, as well as rigorous fault detection and exclusion for outlying measurements from all constituent sensors. This research explores the feasibility of applying Variance Component Estimation (VCE) to IMU array data, using separate variance components to characterize the performance of each IMU’s gyroscopes and accelerometers. This analysis is only made possible by directly modeling IMU inertial measurements under the GMIS. A real land-vehicle kinematic dataset was used to demonstrate the proposed technique. The a posteriori positioning/attitude standard deviations were compared between multi-IMU and single IMU solutions, with the multi-IMU solution providing an average accuracy improvement of ca. 14–16% in the estimated position, 30% in the estimated roll and pitch, and 40% in the estimated heading. The results of this research demonstrate that IMUs in an array do not generally exhibit homogeneous behavior, even when using the same model of tactical-grade MEMS IMU. Furthermore, VCE was used to compare the performance of three IMU sensors, which is not possible under other IMU array data fusion techniques. This research lays the groundwork for the future evaluation of IMU array sensor configurations.
Cognitive Response of Underground Car Driver Observed by Brain EEG Signals
Authors: Zhang Yizhe , Guo Lunfeng , You Xiusong , Miao Bing , Li Yunwang
Published: December 2024

In auxiliary transportation within mines, accurately assessing the cognitive and response states of drivers is vital for ensuring safety and operational efficiency. This study investigates the effects of various vehicle interaction stimuli on the electroencephalography (EEG) signals of mine transport vehicle drivers, analyzing the cognitive and response states of drivers under different conditions to evaluate their impact on safety performance. Through experimental design, we simulate multiple scenarios encountered in real operations, including interactions with dynamic and static vehicles, personnel, and warning signs. EEG technology records brain signals during these scenarios, and data analysis reveals changes in the cognitive states and responses of drivers to different stimuli. The results indicate significant variations in EEG signals with interactions involving dynamic and static vehicles, personnel, and warning signs, reflecting shifts in the cognitive and response states of drivers. Additionally, the study examines the overall impact of different interaction objects and environments. The detailed analysis of EEG signals in different scenarios sheds light on changes in perception, attention, and responses related to drivers, which is critical for advancing safety and sustainability in mining operations.
BSDR: A Data-Efficient Deep Learning-Based Hyperspectral Band Selection Algorithm Using Discrete Relaxation
Authors: Rahman Mohammad , Teng Shyh Wei , Murshed Manzur , Paul Manoranjan , Brennan David
Published: December 2024

Hyperspectral band selection algorithms are crucial for processing high-dimensional data, which enables dimensionality reduction, improves data analysis, and enhances computational efficiency. Among these, attention-based algorithms have gained prominence by ranking bands based on their discriminative capability. However, they require a large number of model parameters, which increases the need for extensive training data. To address this challenge, we propose Band Selection through Discrete Relaxation (BSDR), a novel deep learning-based algorithm. BSDR reduces the number of learnable parameters by focusing solely on the target bands, which are typically far fewer than the original bands, thus resulting in a data-efficient configuration that minimizes training data requirements and reduces training time. The algorithm employs discrete relaxation, transforming the discrete problem of band selection into a continuous optimization task, which enables gradient-based search across the spectral dimension. Through extensive evaluations on three benchmark datasets with varying spectral dimensions and characteristics, BSDR demonstrates superior performance for both regression and classification tasks, achieving up to 25% and 34.6% improvements in overall accuracy, compared to the latest attention-based and traditional algorithms, respectively, while reducing execution time by 96.8% and 97.18%. These findings highlight BSDR’s effectiveness in addressing key challenges in hyperspectral band selection.
Detection of Apple Proliferation Disease Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Knauer Uwe , Warnemünde Sebastian , Menz Patrick , Thielert Bonito , Klein Lauritz , Holstein Katharina , Runne Miriam , Jarausch Wolfgang
Published: December 2024

Apple proliferation is among the most important diseases in European fruit production. Early and reliable detection enables farmers to respond appropriately and to prevent further spreading of the disease. Traditional phenotyping approaches by human observers consider multiple symptoms, but these are difficult to measure automatically in the field. Therefore, the potential of hyperspectral imaging in combination with data analysis by machine learning algorithms was investigated to detect the symptoms solely based on the spectral signature of collected leaf samples. In the growing seasons 2019 and 2020, a total of 1160 leaf samples were collected. Hyperspectral imaging with a dual camera setup in spectral bands from 400 nm to 2500 nm was accompanied with subsequent PCR analysis of the samples to provide reference data for the machine learning approaches. Data processing consists of preprocessing for segmentation of the leaf area, feature extraction, classification and subsequent analysis of relevance of spectral bands. The results show that imaging multiple leaves of a tree enhances detection results, that spectral indices are a robust means to detect the diseased trees, and that the potentials of the full spectral range can be exploited using machine learning approaches. Classification models like rRBF achieved an accuracy of 0.971 in a controlled environment with stratified data for a single variety. Combined models for multiple varieties from field test samples achieved classification accuracies of 0.731. Including spatial distribution of spectral data further improves the results to 0.751. Prediction of qPCR results by regression based on spectral data achieved RMSE of 14.491 phytoplasma per plant cell.
Latent Space Representation of Human Movement: Assessing the Effects of Fatigue
Authors: Rousseau Thomas , Venture Gentiane , Hernandez Vincent
Published: December 2024

Fatigue plays a critical role in sports science, significantly affecting recovery, training effectiveness, and overall athletic performance. Understanding and predicting fatigue is essential to optimize training, prevent overtraining, and minimize the risk of injuries. The aim of this study is to leverage Human Activity Recognition (HAR) through deep learning methods for dimensionality reduction. The use of Adversarial AutoEncoders (AAEs) is explored to assess and visualize fatigue in a two-dimensional latent space, focusing on both semi-supervised and conditional approaches. By transforming complex time-series data into this latent space, the objective is to evaluate motor changes associated with fatigue within the participants’ motor control by analyzing shifts in the distribution of data points and providing a visual representation of these effects. It is hypothesized that increased fatigue will cause significant changes in point distribution, which will be analyzed using clustering techniques to identify fatigue-related patterns. The data were collected using a Wii Balance Board and three Inertial Measurement Units, which were placed on the hip and both forearms (distal part, close to the wrist) to capture dynamic and kinematic information. The participants followed a fatigue-inducing protocol that involved repeating sets of 10 repetitions of four different exercises (Squat, Right Lunge, Left Lunge, and Plank Jump) until exhaustion. Our findings indicate that the AAE models are effective in reducing data dimensionality, allowing for the visualization of fatigue’s impact within a 2D latent space. The latent space representation provides insights into motor control variations, revealing patterns that can be used to monitor fatigue levels and optimize training or rehabilitation programs.
Passive Aortic Counterpulsation to Reduce Pressure Pulse During Aortic Prosthesis Insertion and Reduce Endoleaks Formation: A Preliminary In Silico Investigation
Authors: Corazza Ivan , Olivieri Michela , Casadei Lorenzo , Rossi Pier Luca , Zannoli Romano
Published: December 2024

Over 10% of patients undergoing aortic endograft implantation experience endoleaks within a few years. In the case of type 1a endoleaks, a crack forms between the aorta and the prosthesis collar, allowing blood to pass. This blood fills the aneurysmal sac and can lead to its rupture. None of the strategies, such as prostheses with barbs and hooks or ad hoc pharmacological therapies, can prevent the phenomenon. An alternative approach is to reduce diameter oscillations due to pulsating pressure to improve the endoprosthesis adhesion to the internal vessel walls during the initial post-implantation phases. To reach this objective, we propose to use a passive intra-aortic balloon pump (PIABP) inserted and then maintained inside the vessel immediately after the surgical procedure. We tested our hypothesis in a mechanical mock of the cardiovascular system. A silicon aorta with physiological behavior was created for this purpose. The PIABP was inflated to increasing pressures between systolic and diastolic values (120/80 mmHg). For each aorta and each condition, the variations in aortic diameter between systole and diastole, and the pressure variations, were measured. For the normal aorta, with a PIABP pressure of 110 mmHg, the variations in diameter were reduced by 38%. Assuming an endoprosthesis with a diameter of 30 mm (oversized by 5% compared to the diastolic diameter), the time the oscillations are higher than 30 mm is also reduced by 36%. The results are positive and suggest the usefulness of a biomechanical approach to the problem of type 1a endoleaks. Further in silico and clinical trials are necessary to validate the method.
Model Adequacy in Assessing the Predictive Performance of Regression Models in Pharmaceutical Product Optimization: The Bedaquiline Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Example
Authors: Uche Chidi U. , Okezue Mercy A. , Amidu Ibrahim , Byrn Stephen R.
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to assess the predictive performance of first- and second-order regression models in optimizing bedaquiline (BQ) solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations. A three-step central composite design and graphical optimization process was employed. A design of experiments method was used to evaluate the impact of BQ, Tween 80 (T80), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and lecithin on the formulations’ response variables, including Z-average (PSD), polydispersibility index (PdI), and Zeta potential (ZP). Secondly, we quantified the relationship between experimental variables using the regression model coefficients. Lastly, we predicted the responses and verified the models’ adequacies to ensure accurate representation and effective optimization. The first-order polynomial showed poor model adequacy and required further refinement due to its lack of explanatory power and significant predictors. Conversely, the second-order models provided superior fitness, sensitivity to variability, complexity, and prediction consistency. The optimized formulation achieved a desirability value of 0.9998, indicating alignment with the desired criteria. Specifically, the levels of BQ (19.4 mg), T80 (25.2 mg), PEG (39.2 mg), and lecithin (200 mg) corresponded to PdI (0.41), PSD (250.99 nm), and ZP (−25.95 mV). Maintaining a BQ concentration between 10 and 20% and T80 between 15 and 18% is vital for maximizing ZP and minimizing PdI and PSD, ensuring stable SLN formulations. This study underscores the significance of precise model selection and statistical analysis in pharmaceutical formulation optimization for enhanced drug delivery systems.
Training in Co-Creation as a Methodological Approach to Improve AI Fairness
Authors: Slesinger Ian , Yalaz Evren , Rizou Stavroula , Gibin Marta , Krasanakis Emmanouil , Papadopoulos Symeon
Published: December 2024

Participatory design (PD) and co-creation (Co-C) approaches to building Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have become increasingly popular exercises for ensuring greater social inclusion and fairness in technological transformation by accounting for the experiences of vulnerable or disadvantaged social groups; however, such design work is challenging in practice, partly because of the inaccessible domain of technical expertise inherent to AI design. This paper evaluates a methodological approach to make addressing AI bias more accessible by incorporating a training component on AI bias in a Co-C process with vulnerable and marginalized participant groups. This was applied by socio-technical researchers involved in creating an AI bias mitigation developer toolkit. This paper’s analysis emphasizes that critical reflection on how to use training in Co-C appropriately and how such training should be designed and implemented is necessary to ensure training allows for a genuinely more inclusive approach to AI systems design when those most at risk of being adversely affected by AI technologies are often not the intended end-users of said technologies. This is acutely relevant as Co-C exercises are increasingly used to demonstrate regulatory compliance and ethical practice by powerful institutions and actors developing AI systems, particularly in the ethical and regulatory environment coalescing around the European Union’s recent AI Act.
Implementing Mathematics of Arrays in Modern Fortran: Efficiency and Efficacy
Authors: Markus Arjen , Mullin Lenore
Published: December 2024

Mathematics of Arrays (MoA) concerns the formal description of algorithms working on arrays of data and their efficient and effective implementation in software and hardware. Since (multidimensional) arrays are one of the most important data structures in Fortran, as witnessed by their native support in its language and the numerous operations and functions that take arrays as inputs and outputs, it is natural to examine how Fortran can be used as an implementation language for MoA. This article presents the first results, both in terms of code and of performance, regarding this union. It may serve as a basis for further research, both with respect to the formal theory of MoA and to improving the practical implementation of array-based algorithms.
Smart Electrical Planning, Roadmaps and Policies in Latin American Countries Through Electric Propulsion Systems: A Review
Authors: Icaza Daniel , Vallejo-Ramirez David , Siguencia Mauricio , Portocarrero Luis
Published: December 2024

This article presents a review of renewable energy systems in Latin America, highlighting recent advances aimed at transforming electricity markets to make them more environmentally sustainable. The transition of energy systems in these countries is closely linked to policies and legislation that promote the adoption of renewable energy, guided by roadmaps that facilitate planning and decision-making processes. Transportation stands out as a crucial sector in these transition efforts, and support for renewable energy is already driving significant changes in several continents, albeit with different levels of impact. The analysis involved a review of 180 articles published in ScienceDirect since 2000, focused on renewable energy systems in Latin America. Among them, only 40 scientific articles were identified that specifically address electric mobility systems for mass transportation, such as trams and railways, that is environmentally friendly. Currently, their contribution in Latin America is only 1.7%, and it is expected that they will play a fundamental role in the energy transition in 2050, contributing 9.3% within the electrified transportation sector. The results of the research revealed that Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Colombia, and Costa Rica are the countries that have carried out the most high-impact research in relation to mobility systems with 100% renewable energy systems. In Latin America, there is a limited number of authors focused on massive electric propulsion systems. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the energy situation related to electric propulsion systems for transport in South American countries.
Recent Advances in Properties and Application Progress of Cement-Based Materials with Iron Tailing
Authors: Chao Xianlei , Han Chang , Shao Cheng , Wang Chenxu , Wen Penghui , Wang Chaohui
Published: December 2024

In the context of the comprehensive green transformation of infrastructure construction, utilizing bulk waste tailings materials, such as iron tailing, in cement-based materials commonly used in the infrastructure sector holds significant practical importance. However, there are differences in the range of iron tailings content used in previous studies, and the research results are quite scattered. There has not yet been a recommendation for a reasonable material ratio, which severely restricts the resource utilization of iron tailings in cement-based materials. To effectively guide the design and performance optimization of cement-based materials using iron tailing, recent advances related to iron tailing cement-based materials have been reviewed systematically. The previous studies on the composition design of iron tailing in cement-based materials were summarized, and the effect of iron tailing and cement on the mechanical properties and durability of various cement-based materials were highlighted. The results show that the recommended content of iron tailing sand in concrete is 25–50%. Under this content, the mechanical properties of iron tailing sand concrete increase the most, and it has better drying shrinkage performance and carbonation resistance. For cement stabilized base materials, the recommended content of iron tailing sand is 11–20%. Under this content, its mechanical properties increase significantly, and it also has excellent drying shrinkage and temperature shrinkage performance. The increase in the content of iron tailing stones reduces the mechanical properties of cement stabilized materials. Cement stabilized iron tailing stones can be applied to the roadbase by adjusting the cement content and the content of iron tailing stones.
Successful Project—Limited Transfer: Learnings from the Local Circularity Experiment WiedergeBORN
Authors: Obersteg Andreas
Published: December 2024

The paper presents an evaluation of the strategic experimental project “WiedergeBORN”, conducted by Stadtreinigung SRH, Hamburg’s public waste management company, with stakeholders and citizens in the Osdorfer Born large housing estate. Based on an analysis of the case study, which included document analysis, observation and interviews, the article delineates the genesis of the project, its main stakeholders, and its objectives, measures, and outcomes. Success and failure factors of the project and the possible transfer of lessons learned are then categorized and discussed using the four pillars of accountability as an analytical framework. The place-based approach, which considered local conditions, the close cooperation between key stakeholders, and the early involvement of local actors and citizens, supported the successful development and implementation of measures to improve waste management and cleanliness. Furthermore, the integration of environmental, social, and educational aspects in the measures and the cooperation with actors from these fields were demonstrated to lead to positive outcomes. The transfer of the project’s results and approach remained limited due to a lack of involvement of strategic actors in the project; this hindered an integration of the participating stakeholders into strategies and into policies at the district or city levels.
Stochastic Risk Assessment Framework of Deep Shale Reservoirs by a Deep Learning Method and Random Field Theory
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Shuangjian , Gao Jian , Zhang Xuepeng , Chen Miao
Published: December 2024

Risk assessment of deep shale reservoirs is very important for subsurface energy development. However, due to complex geological environments and physicochemical interactions, shale reservoir fabric parameters exhibit variability. Moreover, the actual investigation and testing information is very limited, which is a typical small-sample problem. In this paper, the heterogeneity and statistical characteristics of deep shale reservoirs are clarified by the measured mechanical parameters. A deep learning method for deep shale reservoirs with limited survey data information is proposed. The variability of deep shale reservoirs is characterized by random field theory. A variable stiffness method and stochastic analysis method are developed to evaluate the risk of deep shale reservoirs. The detailed workflow of the stochastic risk assessment framework is presented. The frequency distribution and failure risk of deep shale reservoirs are calculated and analyzed. The risk assessment of deep shale reservoirs under different model parameters is discussed. The results show that a stochastic risk assessment framework of deep shale reservoirs, using a deep learning method and random field theory, is scientifically reasonable. The scatter plots of the elasticity modulus (EM), cohesive force (CF), and Poisson ratio (PR) distribute along the 45-degree line. The different distributed variables of EM, CF, and PR have a positive correlation. The statistical properties of the measurement data and deep learning data are approximately the same. The principal stress of deep shale follows the normal distribution with significance level 0.1. Under positive copula conditions, the maximum failure probability is 5.99%. Under negative copula conditions, the maximum failure probability is 4.58%. Different copula functions under positive and negative copula conditions have different failure probabilities. For the exponential correlation structure, the minimum failure probability is 3.46%, while the maximum failure probability is 6.19%. The mean failure probability of the EM, CF, and PR of deep shale reservoirs is 4.85%. Different random field-related structures and parameters have different influences on the failure risk.
The Pathway to Startup Success: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Critical Factors and the Future Research Agenda in Developed and Emerging Markets
Authors: Argaw Yenus Muhammed , Liu Yingqi
Published: December 2024

Notwithstanding the benefits derived from successful startup firms in the contemporary entrepreneurial landscape, for many startup firms, the pathway to success is extremely challenging; unfortunately, the failure rate is globally high. The aim of this article is to review empirical contributions regarding startup firms and provide a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing their success in developed and emerging markets. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was undertaken within the Web of Science database, encompassing studies published between 2004 and 2024, which were analyzed. The PRISMA framework is preferred because it stands out from other guidelines due to its transparent and complete reporting and evidence-based recommendations. This work also employed aggregate impact estimation to rank the relative importance of each success factor regarding the success of startups. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of 24 success factors extracted from a systematic review of 48 empirical studies conducted on the subject. We prioritized each success factor according to their relative impact on the success of startup firms. These were classified as personal (entrepreneurial vision and leadership, adaptability, networking), organizational (team building, financial and resource management, innovation, strategy and marketing) and environmental factors (government support and dynamism of political, economic and cultural environment). The findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach that considers both internal and external factors in fostering startup success. However, it is essential to acknowledge that not all factors exert comparable effects on success; certain factors wield a substantial influence, whereas others demonstrate a significant yet lesser impact. Several conclusions and implications for startup founders, government policymakers and startup firm researchers are derived.
A Novel Biodegradable Technology for Wool Fabric Restoration and Cotton Color Retention Based on Shikimic Acid and L-Arginine
Authors: Latypova Taisiia , Kosovskaya Darya , Lovygin Mikhail , Evseev Grigoriy , Olkhovskaya Mariya , Filatov Viktor
Published: December 2024

The textile and garment care industries significantly impact ecological conditions and resources worldwide. Possible ways of minimizing the harmful influence on the environment include giving a preference to natural textiles; reducing the consumption rate by extending the lifespan of clothes, e.g., preserving colors and fibers; and using biodegradable garment care products. Wool is a natural fabric that must be washed with special laundry care products to preserve its initial appearance. Currently, there are no approaches that focus not only on preserving but also restoring wool fibers. To investigate the efficacy of biodegradable technology, consisting of natural-derived shikimic acid and L-arginine, in the restoration of wool fabric, SEM was applied. To analyze the obtained data, a novel three-point scale was suggested. In comparison with untreated samples, the composition promoted a smoothing of the scale structure of wool fibers of up to 34.87%. The system has shown efficacy in both the low pH (fabric softener) and high pH (laundry gel) systems. To further investigate biodegradable technology, the color retention of dark-colored cotton fabric was tested. It was shown that the composition promotes 96.15% color preservation after 10 laundry cycles when used in the fabric softener. Biodegradable technology is a promising solution for the maintenance of wool fabrics and color preservation solutions.
Assessing Environmental Risks of Local Contamination of Garden Urban Soils with Heavy Metals Using Ecotoxicological Tests
Authors: Gruszka Dariusz , Gruss Iwona , Szopka Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

Heavy metal soil contamination in urban areas poses a significant environmental hazard, particularly in regions with historical or ongoing industrial activities. These areas are often polluted with metals such as Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn, which can be absorbed by plants and pose risks to both ecosystems and human health. This study investigates soil contamination in urban gardens in Wroclaw, Poland, where elevated levels of trace elements were detected. Standard soil analyses, including macroelement content, granulometry, and trace element concentrations, were performed alongside an ecotoxicological evaluation using an Ostracodtoxkit test. The test evaluates the impact of contaminants on organism growth. An uncontaminated urban garden soil served as a reference. This study revealed that Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrations in soils exceeded limits permitted by Polish regulations in several soil samples. Despite the high concentrations of total metals, the bioavailable forms of these metals (measured by extraction of 1 M NH4NO3 extraction) were significantly lower, highlighting that the total metal content may not fully reflect the environmental risk. Pb was identified as the primary contributor to growth inhibition of test organisms, showing a particularly strong correlation with ecotoxicity. These findings underscore the importance of using ecotoxicological tests to evaluate soil contamination risks.
Effect of Substituent Groups on the Adsorption Efficiency of Phenols by Activated Carbon Developed by Hydrothermally Treated Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Stone
Authors: Suhas  , Kushwaha Sarita , Chaudhary Monika , Chaudhary Shubham , Tyagi Vaishali , Cansado Isabel Pestana da Paixão , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi
Published: December 2024

In this study, the novel activated carbon developed from Phyllanthus emblica fruit stone, through hydrothermal treatment at low pressure and temperature, was utilized for the removal of 4-nitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and phenol from water. The activated carbon produced (AC-HTPEFS) showed a well-developed porosity with a surface area of 569 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume of 0.342 cm3 g−1. The adsorption process was explored and efficiently applied regarding the removal of phenols and substituted phenols from wastewater. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. To analyze the equilibrium data, different isotherm models were employed. The Langmuir model applied best, with maximum adsorption capacities of 0.463, 0.434, and 0.387 mmol g−1 at 25 °C for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), and phenol, respectively, regarding the AC-HTPEFS. The adsorption was mainly an endothermic process, and the results achieved were slightly higher than those obtained with a commercial activated carbon commonly used for this purpose.
Evolutionary Relationships of Unclassified Coronaviruses in Canadian Bat Species
Authors: Simon Ayo Yila , Badmalia Maulik D. , Paquette Sarah-Jo , Manalaysay Jessica , Czekay Dominic , Kandel Bishnu Sharma , Sultana Asma , Lung Oliver , Babuadze George Giorgi , Shahhosseini Nariman
Published: December 2024

Bats are recognized as natural reservoirs for an array of diverse viruses, particularly coronaviruses, which have been linked to major human diseases like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. These viruses are believed to have originated in bats, highlighting their role in virus ecology and evolution. Our study focuses on the molecular characterization of bat-derived coronaviruses (CoVs) in Canada. Tissue samples from 500 bat specimens collected in Canada were analyzed using pan-coronavirus RT-PCR assays to detect the presence of CoVs from four genera: Alpha-CoVs, Beta-CoV, Gamma-CoV, and Delta-CoV. Phylogenetic analysis was performed targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene. Our results showed an overall 1.4% CoV positivity rate in our bat sample size. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ~600 bp sequences led to the identification of an unclassified subgenus of Alpha-CoV, provisionally named Eptacovirus. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the diversity and evolution of CoVs found in the bat species of Canada. The current study underscores the significance of bats in the epidemiology of CoVs and enhances the knowledge of their genetic diversity and potential impact on global public health.
Interaction Between the Matrix Protein and the Polymerase Complex of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Atchison Elliot B. , Croft Sarah N. , Mathew Cynthia , Brookes Daniel W. , Coates Matthew , Ito Kazuhiro , Ghildyal Reena
Published: December 2024

The global burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe associated disease is prodigious. RSV-specific vaccines have been launched recently but there is no antiviral medicine commercially available. RSV polymerase (L) protein is one of the promising antiviral targets, along with fusion and nucleocapsid proteins. During medicinal chemistry campaigns, two potent L-protein inhibitors (PC786 and PC751) were identified. Both compounds inhibited the RSV A/B-induced cytopathic effect in HEp-2 cells equally, but PC786 was more potent than PC751 in bronchial epithelial cells. Repeated treatment with escalating concentrations on RSV A2-infected HEp-2 cells revealed both inhibitors led to a Y1631H mutation in the L protein, but only PC786 induced a mutation in the M protein (V153A). By L protein fragment and M protein binding analysis, we showed that the M protein interacts with the 1392–1735 amino acid region of the L protein, where PC786 potentially binds. In addition, PC786 treatment or PC786-induced mutant RSV was found to increase M-protein nuclear localisation later in infection, concomitant with delayed fusion protein localisation at the budding viral filaments. As M protein is known to play a key role in virus assembly and budding late in infection, our data suggests that disrupting the interaction between the M and L proteins could provide a novel target for antiviral development.
Funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes universitarios: Análisis de la calidad métrica de una propuesta evaluativa breve
Authors: Pomahuacre-Carhuayal Juan Walter , Sanchez-Aliaga Lesly Laura , Pomahuacre-Carhuayal Luz Alicia , Pérez-Zavala Jesús Milton , Valverde-López Nicole Eloiza
Published: December 2024

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar una versión reducida de la Escala EFECO (Ramos-Galarza et al., 2016) y analizar su calidad métrica como herramienta para evaluar las funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes universitarios. Participaron 903 estudiantes universitarios de entre 18 y 40 años (M = 21.93, DE = 4.76). A partir del criterio de jueces expertos, se propusieron dos modelos reducidos de 24 y 29 ítems, ambos con ocho factores. El análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó que el modelo de 29 ítems presentó un ajuste satisfactorio en un modelo de segundo orden, siendo su desempeño superior como modelo bifactor. La validez concurrente se confirmó mediante una buena correlación con la escala completa y sus factores. El análisis de invarianza evidenció equivalencia por sexo y edad, mientras que la fiabilidad mostró valores aceptables de consistencia interna en todos los factores. Los hallazgos respaldan que el EFECO-29 ofrece evidencias métricas sólidas para la evaluación de funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes universitarios.
Niveles de comprensión lectora y su frecuencia de uso en estudiantes del distrito de Lima – Perú
Authors: Sumarriva-Bustinza Liliana Asunción , Zela-Payi Nelly Olga , Ticona-Arapa Haydee Clady , Chambi Condori Nancy , Chávez-Sumarriva Nadia Lys
Published: December 2024

La lectura es un proceso complejo que involucra diversas capacidades cognitivas, por lo que resulta fundamental implementar desde edades tempranas estrategias que fortalezcan la comprensión lectora. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los niveles de comprensión lectora y su frecuencia de uso en estudiantes de una institución educativa primaria del distrito de Lima, Perú. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo-explicativo, con un enfoque cuantitativo que permitió obtener datos precisos. La población estuvo conformada por 100 estudiantes, cuyos resultados indicaron que el 46% se ubicaron en el nivel literal, el 39% en el nivel criterial y solo el 15% en el nivel inferencial. Además, se encontró que el 60% de los estudiantes rara vez practican la lectura, el 24% lo hacen frecuentemente, el 10% algunas veces y el 6% casi nunca. Estos hallazgos destacan la necesidad de promover hábitos de lectura más consistentes desde temprana edad.
Efetividade da posição prona em pacientes com COVID-19 internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Mello Gabriela Alves , Oliveira Adriana Elisa Carcereri de , Brugger Érika Bicalho de Almeida
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: analisar a eficácia da posição prona e o desfecho clínico dos pacientes com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo por Coronavírus intubados e internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com 53 pacientes intubados e submetidos a posição prona em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto especializada no atendimento de pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19, no período de maio de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. Foi realizada análise descritiva das frequências absolutas e percentuais de aspectos clínicos relacionados aos exames laboratoriais e parâmetros ventilatórios nos tempos de prona. Para as análises estatísticas foram utilizados os softwares Excel e Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Resultados: o estudo incluiu pacientes com perfil feminino, idoso, tendo de uma a três comorbidades pré-existentes, onde destes, a maioria apresentou como principal desfecho o óbito. Os valores de fração de oxigênio inspirado diminuíram gradativamente e de pressão parcial arterial de oxigênio, bem como a relação entre a pressão parcial arterial de oxigênio e a fração de oxigênio inspirado aumentaram com o tempo de prona. Conclusão: a prona foi eficiente quanto à melhora dos parâmetros de oxigenação, porém, não impactou diretamente na alta do paciente.
الفوضى واللاخطية في سوق الأسهم السعودية
Authors: عسيري أحمد عبدالله , آل الشيخ حمد محمد
Published: December 2024

هذه الدراسة تفحص الخصائص الإحصائية للعوائد الاسمية للأسهم السعودية باستخدام بيانات أسبوعية، للفترة من مارس 1985م وحتى ديسمبر 1997م. وتقدم الدراسة تقديرات نماذج GARCH وTGARCH لجميع الفترة الزمنية والفترات الجزئية قبل ظهور التصحيح السعري وبعده في نهاية عام 1992م. وتأخذ الدراسة في الحسبان أثر حرب الخليج والانتقال في التقلب Volatility الملاحظ في الفترة الجزئية الأولى. وتوضح النتائج أن ما يلاحظ من أثر للأخبار السيئة على عوائد الأسهم من حيث التقلب في الفترة الزمنية كاملة يعود للفترة الجزئية الثانية. وعلى الرغم من أن الاختبار شبه الباراميتري لـGeweke and Porter-Hudak (1983) الذي يرمز له بالرمز GPH، يشير إلى عدم وجود ذاكرة طويلة في عوائد الأسهم لجميع فترات العينة المعتبرة، فإن نتائج اختبار Brock, Dechert and Scheinkman (1987) الذي يرمز له بالرمز BDS، تشير بشكل عام إلى وجود ديناميكيات فوضى من الحجم المنخفض في الفترة الجزئية السابقة لحدوث التصحيح السعري.
العلاقة بين الالتزام المهني والالتزام التنظيمي والصراع: دراسة مطبقة على مدققي الحسابات والمحاسبين في الأردن
Authors: الرجبي محمد تيسير
Published: December 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى فحص الصراع (الصراع المهني التنظيمي) الذي يواجهه المدققين والمحاسبين في الأردن. وأظهرت النتائج أن الصراع يرتبط بعلاقة سالبة مع الالتزام التنظيمي والإشباع الوظيفي، ويرتبط بعلاقة موجبة مع الالتزام المهني والرغبة في ترك العمل، وأن الصراع بعد دالة الالتزام التنظيمي والالتزام المهني والتفاعل المشترك لهذين العاملين. كما تبين أن الصراع يعد دالة لبعض المتغيرات المشتقة من بيئة العمل. ووجد أن المدققين والمحاسبين يختلف بعضهم عن بعض بصورة جوهرية من حيث الصراع والالتزام التنظيمي، ولا يختلفون بالنسبة للالتزام المهني، وان سنوات خبرتهم ترتبط بصورة سلبية مع الصراع والالتزام المهني، وبصورة إيجابية مع الالتزام التنظيمي، ووجد أيضاً أن حجم مكاتب التدقيق يؤثر بصورة جوهرية في الالتزام التنظيمي للمدققين، ولا يؤثر على الالتزام المهني أو على الصراع، وأن الصراع في المكاتب الكبيرة أعلى منه في الصغيرة. وتوصي الدراسة بضرورة العمل على زيادة الالتزام التنظيمي والمهني لتخفيض مستوى الصراع والآثار السلبية لهذه المتغيرات؛ لأنها تعمل على تقليل الإشباع الوظيفي وزيادة معدل دوران العمال.
استكشاف المسار العملي لشباب الإمارات: نموذج مساري لدراسة العوامل المؤثرة على رؤيتهم للمسار العملي
Authors: الخزرجي خالد محمد , البسيوني محمد يحيى
Published: December 2024

لاستكشاف المسار العملي لشباب دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة تم سحب عينة عشوائية عنقودية من طلبة جامعة الإمارات لجمع بيانات عن الكثير من مؤشرات رؤية المسار العملي: كتوافر المعلومات عن المسار العملي، وإدراك فرص العمل، وتشجيع الآباء، بالإضافة إلى بعض المتغيرات الديموغرافية التي توضح النوع (ذكر/ أنثى)، الصف الدراسي (الأول/ الأخير)، مستوى تعليم الآباء (ابتدائي/ عالي). وقد تم توفيق نموذج قياسي لبيانات العينة لإظهار مدى ثبات وصدق المؤشرات التي وقع عليها الاختيار. ومن جهة أخرى أوضح التحليل الإحصائي عدم وجود فروق معنوية ترجع للنوع أو الصف الدراسي أو مستوى تعليم الآباء، باستثناء وجود فرق معنوي في توافر المعلومات عن المسار العملي لدى الطالبات بدرجة أكبر منها لدى الطلاب. كذلك تم استخدام نموذج مساري لإثبات وجود تأثير إيجابي معنوي لتوافر المعلومات عن المسار العملي، وإدراك فرص العمل، وتشجيع الآباء، على رؤية الطلبة للمسار العملي. وفي حين كان هناك تأثير مباشر لإدراك الطلبة لفرص العمل على رؤيتهم للمسار العملي، كان لتشجيع الآباء تأثير مباشر بنسبة 79% وتأثير غير مباشر بنسبة 21% على هذه الرؤية، وفي المقابل تبين أن تأثير المعلومات عن المسار العملي على الرؤية هو تأثير غير مباشر. كما اتضح من التحليل الإحصائي أن النموذج المقترح يفسر حوالي 60% من التباين في رؤية المسار العملي لمجموعة الطلبة الذي حصل آبائهم على قسط عال من التعليم.
محددات الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: عبدالرحمن عبدالمحمود محمد
Published: December 2024

يدرس هذا البحث محددات الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في اقتصاد المملكة العربية السعودية. ويقوم البحث بتقصي أداء الاستثمارات الأجنبية المخططة والفعلية، ومصادرها، وتوزيعاتها القطاعية، ثم يتناول محددات هذه الاستثمارات؛ حيث يتم التركيز على الدور الذي تقوم به متغيرات أساسية مثل حجم السوق، والانفتاح التجاري، ومعدلات الأجور، والمخاطر في استقطاب التدفقات للمملكة. وتتضمن الطرق التطبيقية المستخدمة اختبارات السببية، ونماذج الانحدار؛ حيث تفيد النتائج بمعنوية مستوى الناتج المحلي الإجمالي وتأثيره الموجب، والصادرات ذات التأثير السالب، إضافة إلى متغيرات المخاطر السياسية - الاجتماعية ذات التأثير السالب على الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في المملكة.
مؤشرات الأداء المبنية على الأرباح ومؤشرات الأداء النقدية وعلاقتها بالتغييرات في عوائد الأسهم: دراسة تطبيقية على الشركات المدرجة في سوق عمّان المالية
Authors: الخلايلة محمود عبدالحليم
Published: December 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى اختبار العلاقة بين مؤشرات الأداء المبنية على الأرباح ومؤشرات الأداء النقدية، ومدى قدرة كل منها على تفسير التغييرات في عوائد الأسهم. اعتمدت نتائج الدراسة على 512 مشاهدة تمثل البيانات التجميعية لاثنتين وثلاثين شركة مدرجة في سوق عمان المالية خلال فترة الدراسة 1984-1999. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج الآتية: وجود علاقة موجبة وذات دلالة إحصائية بين مؤشرات الأداء المبنية على الأرباح ومؤشرات الأداء النقدية. كما أن مؤشرات الأداء المبنية على الأرباح أكثر ارتباطا بعوائد الأسهم من مؤشرات الأداء النقدية ونسبة ما تفسره مؤشرات الأداء المبنية على الأرباح من التغييرات في عوائد الأسهم يفوق، وبشكل ملحوظ، ما تفسره مؤشرات الأداء النقدية. ومؤشرات الأداء المبنية على الأرباح تحتوي معلومات إضافية، فيما يتعلق بعوائد الأسهم، تزيد عن تلك التي تتضمنها مؤشرات الأداء النقدية.
دراسة مدى وعي مسؤولي الشركات الكويتية نحو استخدام المعلومات الاستراتيجية: دراسة ميدانية
Authors: رويبح كمال مصطفى
Published: December 2024

الهدف من هذا البحث هو استعراض لأهمية المعلومات الاستراتيجية وأقسامها المختلفة. ولمعرفة مدى وعي مسؤولي الشركات الكويتية بالموضوع، قامت هذه الدراسة بإجراء استبانة شملت 347 مسؤولا حيث أظهرت: (1) أن مصطلح "المسح البيئي" و"نظام المعلومات الاحترازي" هي الأكثر استخداما في الشركات الكويتية للإشارة إلى عملية جمع المعلومات، (2) أن معرفة مسؤولي الشركات بتلك المصطلحات متوسطة، (3) أن المعلومات الاستراتيجية المجمعة قليلة، (4) أن ثمة علاقة وطيدة بين معرفة المسح البيئي ومعرفة المعلومات الجزئية والمعلومات الاستراتيجية من جهة، وبين معرفة المعلومات الجزئية وسلوك تجميعها من جهة أخرى، (5) أنه لا توجد فروق في سلوك تجميع المعلومات بين الشركات الكبرى والصغرى. وخلصت الدراسة إلى ضرورة الاعتماد وتسيير المعلومات الاستراتيجية وتطوير أنظمة معلوماتية للمساعدة في اتخاذ القرار.
تقييم ملاءمة مقياسي القيم الشخصية والاتجاهات الأخلاقية للتطبيق على المستهلك الكويتي باستخدام نموذج المعادلات الهيكيلة (SEM)
Authors: الوقيان عادل عبدالله
Published: December 2024

يدرس البحث مدى ملاءمة استخدام مقياسي القيم الشخصية والتوجهات الأخلاقية وتطبيقه على المستهلكين الكويتيين لأغراض تقسيم السوق على الأساس السيكوغرافي، كما تؤكد البحوث السابقة في هذا المجال. وتتكون منهجية البحث من مرحلتين: تركز الأولى على التحقق من توافق مضمون عناصر كلا المقياسين مع المفاهيم الخاصة بالمجتمع الكويتي وقياس ثباتهما عبر الزمن، وفي المرحلة الثانية حددت معاملات الثبات والاتساق الداخلي بالإضافة توصيف الهيكل العاملي للمقياسين وباستخدام تحليل نموذج المعادلات الهيكلية مع وصف منظومة القيم الشخصية والتوجهات الأخلاقية للمستهلك الكويتي. وتشير النتائج المستخلصة من عينتين كبيرتين نسبيًّا (652 مفردة للقيم الشخصية و532 مفردة للقيم الأخلاقية) إلى ضرورة استبعاد بعض العبارات، وصياغة عبارات إضافية تلائم وخصوصية مفاهيم المجتمع الكويتي، وتقلل تحيز المستجيبين لاستخدام الفئات العليا من المقياسين.
نموذج برمجة رياضية لمشكلة النقل البحري
Authors: اليعقوب سالم محمد
Published: December 2024

يعنى هذا البحث بتحديد أفضل مزيج من السفن المملوكة والمؤجرة لنقل البضائع ما بين نقطتين (المصدر والمكان المقصود). ومن الصفات التي تؤخذ بعين الاعتبار لنوع الناقلات المستخدمة هي السعه، والتكاليف التشغيلية اليومية، والسرعة وتكاليف التأجير. ومن الفوائد المترتبة من التخطيط الكفء لجدولة الناقلات التوفير الملحوظ من ناحية التكلفة، وبخاصة التكاليف الباهظة المترتبة على إدارة عمليات النقل للسفن المملوكة والسفن المؤجرة، وكذلك التكاليف المترتبة على العقوبات التي تفرض بسبب انتهاك شروط التوريد. وفي هذا البحث سوف يتم تطوير نموذج باستخدام برمجة الأعداد الصحيحة Integer-Programming لتحديد الحجم المناسب لأسطول الناقلات ما بين الممتلك منه والمؤجر، وكذلك سوف يعرض البحث الحلول للنماذج المقترحة التي تصف الرحلة، وتواريخ التوصيل للناقلات المملوكة والناقلات المختارة للتأجير بالنسبة لكل نوع من أنواع السفن، وكذلك للعقوبات اليومية الناتجة عن المخالفات لشروط التوصيل بسبب التكلفة العالية الناشئة عن تأجير الناقلات، والنموذج المقترح يهدف إلى استخدام الناقلات المملوكة بالطريقة المثلى، والتقليل من استخدام الناقلات المؤجرة. وسوف يجري حل النماذج المقترحة باستخدام برنامج CPLEX-7.5 لمجموعه من الأمثلة، كما سيجري رصد هذه النماذج وتحليلها.
التأثير الوسيط لنمط السلوك أ على العلاقة بين ضغوط الدور والرضا الوظيفي والأداء لمدققي الحسابات في دولة الكويت
Authors: العجمي راشد شبيب
Published: December 2024

تتناول الدراسة العلاقة بين عوامل ضغوط الدور ومتغيرين مهمين من المتغيرات المتعلقة بعمل وظيفة المدقق الخارجي وهما: الرضا الوظيفي والأداء. وتمتد الدراسة لتناول تأثير نمط السلوك أ، بوصفه عاملا وسيطاً، على هذه العلاقات. حيث أثبت تحليل بيانات الاستبانة أن كلاًّ من صراع الدور وغموض الدور يرتبطان سلباً بالأداء والرضا الوظيفي للمدقق. ومع ذلك فإن الدور المتوقع لنمط السلوك أ على الأداء الوظيفي كان غائباً. ومن المثير للاهتمام وجود علاقة إيجابية مباشرة بين نمط السلوك أ وكل من الرضا الوظيفي والأداء. ولقد أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة أنه من بين الأفراد العاملين في تدقيق الحسابات وجد أن أصحاب نمط السلوك أ يميلون للتميز في الأداء بالإضافة إلى كونهم أكثر رضا عن وظيفتهم من أصحاب نمط السلوك "ب".
تحسين الأداء في المصارف العمانية باستخدام نظام تخصيص التكاليف على أساس الأنشطة
Authors: محمد منير شاكر
Published: December 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى اختبار مضامين استخدام نظام تخصيص التكاليف على أساس الأنشطة في قطاع المصارف العمانية. وقد اختير احد المصارف لهذا الغرض، لإجراء الدراسة الميدانية. ويفترض البحث وجود علاقة ايجابية بين استخدام النظام وربحية المصرف، ومن ثم كفاءتة في الأداء. وقد دلت نتائج البحث على أن تطبيق النظام في المصارف المذكورة يؤدي إلى تحقيق تخفيضات ملموسة في تكلفة كثير من الأنشطة. وقد تم تحديد تلك الأنشطة وسبل تخفيض التكلفة فيها. كما حدد البحث الأنشطة التي تسهم بفاعلية في ربحية المصرف، ومن ثم إمكانية توجيه نصيب أوفر من الاستثمار فيها بهدف تطويرها وتعزيز إسهامها في الربحية ورفع كفاءة المصرف. وقد أشار البحث إلى بعض الدراسات المقارنة في هذا المجال وخاصة تلك التي أجريت على القطاع المصرفي في الأردن، وأجرى مقارنة بين طبيعة المشكلات التي يواجهها تطبيق النظام في كلا البلدين، كما خلص إلى توصيات محددة بهدف الاستفادة من تطبيقات النظام ومزاياه.
إعادة تقدير عنصر المنحة في المساعدات الإنمائية الكويتية: منهج مقارنة دولية
Authors: المجرن عباس علي
Published: December 2024

تعرض الدراسة إعادة تقدير إحصائي لعنصر المنحة في قروض التنمية التي قدمتها الكويت على مدى العقود الأربعة الماضية. وبدلا من استخدام معدل الخصم التقليدي الذي درج الصندوق الكويتي للتنمية، ,كذلك المؤسسات المانحة الأخرى على استخدامه لتقدير عنصر المنحة في القروض التنموية، تعتمد الدراسة الحالية على سلسلة معدلات الفائدة الفعلية التي سادت في الأسواق الدولية خلال الفترة 1962- 2000، في إعادة حساب عنصر المنحة السنوي في القروض الكويتية. كما تقارن الدراسة بين عنصر المنحة الكويتي، وعنصر المنحة الذي تضمنته قروض مؤسسة التنمية الدولية التابعة للبنك الدولي إلى 52 دولة مقترضة، حيث تبين أن بإمكان الدول الفقيرة الحصول على معاملة تفضيلية من البنك الدولي، تفوق ما يمكنها الحصول عليه من الكويت، إلا أن المعونات الكويتية تتضمن عناصر غير حسابية، قد تؤدي إلى تفوقها إذا ما وضعت في الحسبان.