bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[no title]
Authors: Held John
Published: July 2016

Several years after becoming a professional librarian in 1972, I became involved in mail art. This international network of cooperating artists has expanded my vision of both the world and my profession. Over the years, I have taken it upon myself to document various activities in mail art, which would have remained unexamined without the involvement of someone who was both an active participant in the medium and the possessor of professional research skills. In so doing, I have been able to integrate two important facets of my life.
The documentation of Byelorussian art: a selected annotated bibliography
Authors: Rusak Halina
Published: July 2016

A selected, annotated list of books on Byelorussian art and architecture is preceded by a brief introduction to the history of the Byelorussian people and Byelorussian culture from the medieval Principality of Polatsk to present day independence. Byelorussian culture survives in spite of oppression from both Tsarist Russia and from the USSR which permitted cultural expression but only on its own somewhat unpredictable terms. A number of books on Byelorussian art were published during the Soviet era, and especially in the post-Stalinist period, but generally in Russian as distinct from Byelorussian. Some material on Byelorussian topics has also been published in the USA and the United Kingdom.
Heralding the future: the art publisher in Great Britain from the 1920s through the post-war era
Authors: Carlin Jane
Published: July 2016

Major contributions to the publication of art books in the 20th century have been made by publishing houses in Great Britain. These include The Studio magazine and its associated publications, founded by Charles Holme late in the 19th century, a widely influential enterprise which was eventually to become the publishing house Studio Vista. Three other ventures resulted from initiatives by European émigrés. Anton Zwemmer arrived in England and commenced his activities as bookseller and publisher in the 1920s. Bela Horovitz’s Phaidon Press, founded in Vienna in 1923, was safeguarded from the Nazis by Sir Stanley Unwin and recommenced operations under its own name, in London, in 1946. And in 1949 Thames and Hudson was founded by Walter Neurath, who had fled Nazi Germany in 1938. The activities of these publishing houses were complemented by those of Albert Skira in Switzerland, who developed the production of art books illustrated with colour plates. After the Second World War, art publishing flourished as never before, with these and other publishers contributing to an expansion of art publishing on an international front which saw the emergence of the ‘coffee table’ book and of popular art books for a wide readership, the publication of international co-editions, and the multiplication of series. However, more art books has not always meant better art books.
The disorder of things: the postmodern art library
Authors: Ford Simon
Published: July 2016

Postmodernism has stimulated a ‘new art history’, which challenged, and then displaced, the highly selective canon of the ‘Old Masters’ and ‘Modern art’ with a broader approach, recognising a wider range of art and interested in investigating both the contexts of art, and the nature of art history itself. The new art history is represented on the shelves of art libraries, but a ‘new art librarianship’ must do more than passively reflect this cultural shift. A new art librarianship will expect of art librarians that they should be aware of the ways in which art libraries legitimise certain books and artworks, thus reinforcing the hegemony of the dominant culture, and that they should be prepared to use the power of art libraries knowingly and productively. Instead of imposing order through inflexible classification schemes, the new art librarianship will embrace the ‘disorder’ of a vast complex of knowledge seen from multiple viewpoints, accommodated by hypertext, for example. It is possible that electronic networking will eventually liberate information from the custody of libraries; the new art librarianship will not resist this, but will in parallel with such developments re-value art books, and books as art, as historical artefacts, reviving a more museum-like function from the history of librarianship, while continuing to serve as a manifest symbol of the wealth of human knowledge.
The Centre for Image Information: the shape of things to come
Authors: McKeown Roy
Published: July 2016

Since its transfer to De Montfort University at Leicester, Britain’s National Art Slide Library, formerly at the Victoria and Albert Museum, has become the catalyst for a new Centre for Image Information. The Centre will provide a clearing house for information, a research centre, and an image bank, and will concern itself with images in all formats with an emphasis on new technology. Whether moving images are to be included will depend on the availability of funding. A major component of the Centre’s initial strategy will be the development of a high resolution database of images capable of being delivered as medium resolution databases, optical discs, slides, or on paper. Although the Centre has been conceived primarily as a national service, institutions in other countries in addition to those in the UK are invited to join as Associates, and the Centre is eager to exchange information across national boundaries.
Into the 21st century now: the architecture librarian as mediator
Authors: Harris Sylvia
Published: July 2016

Architects are often unable or unwilling to explore the information which is available to them, and their failure to do so limits the social value of their work. At the Welsh School of Architecture, architects of tomorrow are given training in information research, and practising architects have been given similar training through Continuing Professional Development courses. Architecture libraries have a vital role to play in encouraging and enabling architects to undertake adequate research, utilising the potential of information technology to provide ready access to a widening range of networked information.
ARLIS/Norden: 10 years of co-operation
Authors: Viljanen Eeva
Published: July 2016

ARLIS/Norden was founded in 1986 to bring together art libraries and art librarians of all kinds in the five Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The association has maintained close links with the IFLA Section of Art Libraries, and it hosted the Section’s meetings at Stockholm in 1989. ARLIS/Norden has received guests from other countries, while Nordic colleagues have participated in events in other countries. Its own annual meetings are the key events in ARLIS/Norden’s own programme.
Les centres de documentation du patrimoine
Authors: Herbouze Renée
Published: July 2016

La Direction du Patrimoine, qui relève du Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, a pour missions ‘de conserver, de protéger et de mettre en valeur le patrimoine national de la France’, le patrimoine étant entendu comme le bien reçu des générations qui nous ont précédés et que nous avons la volonté de transmettre aux suivantes.

Le mouvement de déconcentration mis en oeuvre par l’administration française a eu pour effet de confier la prise en charge opérationnelle de ces missions aux Directions régionales des Affaires culturelles (DRAC). Ainsi, dans les 26 régions de France, chaque DRAC compte en principe en son sein quatre services régionaux du patrimoine: respectivement, de l’Archéologie, des Monuments historiques, de l’Ethnologie et de l’Inventaire, la Direction centrale assumant le rôle de définir la politique générale, d’impulser les actions et de les coordonner, enfin de les évaluer.
La bibliothèque du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon
Authors: Dumas Dominique
Published: July 2016

La rénovation du Musée des Beaux-Arts est arrivée à terme au début de cette année, après 8 ans de travaux effectués par tranches successives. La bibliothèque faisait partie de la deuxième tranche, inaugurée fin 1993.

Située à l’entresol du bâtiment, côté administration, les locaux se répartissent de la façon suivante:

•

une salle de lecture de 90m2 (18 places de lecteurs), avec en libre accès les usuels, fichiers (manuels) et photocopieur

•

trois salles de magasins (90m2 au total, équipées de compactus) situées au même niveau (accès indirect), plus deux salles de magasins en sous-sol d’une superficie de 65 m2 (rayonnages classiques).
The artist speaks: the interview as documentation
Authors: Bury Stephen , Scott Helen
Published: July 2016

Nearly every exhibition catalogue now contains an interview with, or related statement by, the artist. How and why did this become the norm? The increasing popularity of the artist’s words is traced back in this article to its roots in Romanticism, the rise of the mass media and the cult of the avant-garde artist. The value and reliability of the transcribed and printed words is questioned and a bibliography of published interviews with artists follows.
Moving pictures: the National Photographic Archive
Authors: MacLochlainn Gráinne
Published: July 2016

The large and varied collection of Irish historical photographs previously housed in the National Library of Ireland has recently been relocated to Dublin’s Temple Bar. A purpose-built archive provides storage vaults, reading room facilities and an exhibition space for this important aspect of the Irish cultural heritage, thus balancing the preservation of the photographs with access to the images. This paper provides a candid look at the development of a National Photographic Archive.
Building on information: the British Galleries at the V&A
Authors: Medlam Sarah , Merriman Sally
Published: July 2016

The UK’s largest decorative arts museum is re-displaying its British art and design galleries. Information sharing is proving to be an indispensable way of working for the project teams, focused as they are on tight deadlines. Communication between many different parties is vital to the success of the project. Emphasis on electronically stored and transmitted data has given rise to new ways of working. It has also transformed the possibilities of communicating not only within the project and Museum but with visitors both to the Museum site and to its developing online resources. In the future it will also provide for those who will look to these records as a source for the history of the project.
Sold! The unique research role of auction sale catalogs
Authors: Kempe Deborah
Published: July 2016

The Frick Art Reference Library has one of the world’s richest historic collections of catalogs of art sold at auction. Awareness and use of this collection has increased as independent scholars and the staff of museums rigorously investigate issues of provenance. Another factor in the increasing recognition of auction sale catalogs is their value as economic documents that may shed light on broader trends, topics that sometimes resonate beyond the field of art historical scholarship.
The auctioneer and his catalogue
Authors: McEuen Duncan
Published: July 2016

The auctioneer walks into the room, glances at his auction book and picks up his gavel. In this account of the process that lies behind the familiar sales catalogues held in so many art library collections the author highlights the differences between the sales of nearly 250 years ago and those of today. And it is clear that there can be occasions when all does not go quite as smoothly as intended.
Our beautiful world: art at the Natural History Museum, London
Authors: Datta Ann
Published: July 2016

Behind the scenes at the Natural History Museum is the world’s largest natural history library, with approximately one million printed books. But the crown jewels are the Library’s art collections, depicting rocks, minerals, fossils, plants and animals, and dating from the 17th to the 21st centuries. Its more than half a million individual items make this the largest collection of natural history art not only in the UK but in the world. Commercial exploitation of the collection has mostly been by publishers of books and journals, but others have seen opportunities for writing books about the illustrations, putting the art in exhibitions, printing the images on decorative items, and other marketing ventures. In 2003 the Library launched a website designed to promote the art collections further and make them accessible to a global audience.
Artists’ publications, artist-run centres and alternative distribution in Canada
Authors: Tayler Felicity
Published: July 2016

At the Tiré à part conference held in Quebec city in October 2003, speakers from artist-run centres from across Canada discussed 30 years of experience in publishing. Themes such as audience, production, funding, professionalisation and distribution encouraged the identification and exploration of current issues. These are put in context here by a general overview of the development of the genre as well as a short history of production by artist-run centres such as Art Metropole, Artspeak, Artexte and the Bookmobile project.
The library of the Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte
Authors: Ebeling Jörg
Published: July 2016

The Centre allemande d’histoire de l’art/Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte in Paris (DFK), founded in 1997, is a research institute dedicated to German research on French art and culture. Located in the historic centre of Paris on the place des Victoires, near to the Louvre and the recently founded French Institut national d’histoire de l’art (INHA), its further task is to promote interest among French scholars in research on German art and cultural history. To support its major fields of activity, the DFK is creating a library devoted to German art and cultural history, which now comprises some 60,000 items.
The London Library
Authors: Phipps Christopher
Published: July 2016

The London Library, an independent subscription lending library and registered educational charity, has been providing a wide selection of books for loan to members in all aspects of the humanities since 1841. Books and periodicals on applied art and the history of art, in all the major European languages, form an increasingly important part of its collections. The Library is embarking on a period of extension and development, and welcomes new members.
Documenting the art of our time: a new research facility for The Museum of Modern Art, New York
Authors: Hughston Milan R.
Published: July 2016

The Museum of Modern Art’s ten-year building project provided new, purpose-built spaces for the library and museum archives, one of the world’s premier research resources documenting modern and contemporary art. This article summarizes the planning and implementation of the new space and reflects on its successes after six months of operations.
The Bibliothèque du film of the Cinémathèque française
Authors: Rossignol Véronique
Published: July 2016

From its position at the heart of the Cinémathèque française in Paris, the Bibliothèque du film provides all sorts of users with a unique documentary collection on the cinema: monographs, journals, posters, drawings, photographs, archives and videos. The reading rooms, the vidéothèque, the image library and the archive search room allow users to consult all these documents.
Should we just send a copy? Digitisation, usefulness and users
Authors: Terras Melissa
Published: July 2016

Over the last decade, most libraries, archives and museums have undertaken some form of digitisation project, making digital surrogates of their collections available for users. We are now at a stage where we must ask: how are these resources being used? Why are they used, and by whom? Does digitisation live up to its rhetoric of improving scholarship, and improving access?
From analogue to digital: preserving early computer-generated art in the V&A’s collections
Authors: Dodds Douglas
Published: July 2016

The Victoria and Albert Museum holds the UK’s emerging national collection of early computer-generated art and design. Many of the earliest works only survive on paper, but the V&A also holds some born-digital material. The Museum is currently involved in a project to digitise the computer art collections and to make the information available online. Artworks, books and ephemera from the Patric Prince Collection and the archives of the Computer Arts Society are included in a V&A display on the history of computer-generated art, entitled Digital pioneers. In addition, the project is contributing to the development of the Museum’s procedures for dealing with time-based media.
Historical resources and creative education at Glasgow School of Art
Authors: Waters Susannah
Published: July 2016

The Glasgow School of Art (established 1845) has a long history of collecting publications and artefacts to support its teaching of fine art, design and architecture. The School now owns a rich resource of historical material, spread across its library, archive and museum collections and overseen by its Learning Resources department. Can this material continue to support learning and teaching in the creative disciplines in the 21st century? And what are the potential benefits for students? Over the last five years Learning Resources staff have explored these questions and developed a programme of activities to promote knowledge of this material and understanding of its potential use in fine art, design and architecture education.
Defending the aesthetic: the conservation of an artists’ book
Authors: Foden-Lenahan Erica , Montero Gustavo Grandal , Tanaka Ana Paula Hirata
Published: July 2016

Modern and contemporary books, easily replaceable in the internet age, are weeded from collections and disposed of because of their poor quality materials and construction. For an art library, where obsolescence is rarely an issue, the 20th- and 21st-century book can be a problem. Rare and seminal works in our collections are crumbling because they are acidic or perhaps they just cannot withstand the handling (and photocopying). We have become alert to the conservation of books from the hand-press period, but do not always know what to do with recent publications, or we cannot afford to undertake the measures necessary. As the artist’s book as an art form reaches its 50th birthday, we highlight the conservation of one such volume, in hopes of opening up discussion about the care of our contemporary treasures.
An ongoing human wish: exhibitions at the Saison Poetry Library, Southbank Centre
Authors: McCabe Chris
Published: July 2016

This article illuminates the processes involved in curating exhibitions at the Saison Poetry Library at the Southbank Centre. The aim is to be of use to those exhibiting, or considering exhibiting artworks in public library or museum spaces. The article also considers the relationship between textual and visual art, drawing upon a number of exhibitions that have taken place at the Poetry Library since 2007.
Museum libraries: from hidden treasures to treasured information centers1
Authors: Nijhoff Michiel
Published: July 2016

Co-operative efforts are being made to improve access to the large number of publications held in Dutch libraries specialising in the history of art. These include the PICA/NCC system run by the universities and the Royal Library, and the CD-ROM being produced by museum and other libraries which do not take part in PICA but which hold especially strong collections of exhibition and auction catalogues. The opening up of these collections on the Internet and on disk is expected to result in an increase in the number of students using museum libraries. Their role will inevitably change and this will have consequences for their own organisations, as is illustrated here by the current situation of the library of the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam.
On the existence of a saturated solution of the differential equation x′ = f (t, x)
Authors: Walter Johann
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

Let (1) x′ = f(t, x) be any differential equation and S0 the set of solutions of (1) with open domain. It is known that for every g ∊ S0 a non-continuable (= saturated) ∊ S0 exists which is an extension of g. Usually is represented in the form is a sequence in S0 defined by some sort of a variant of what is called ‘recursive definition’ in set theory. It will be shown that a function

exists (P(S0) is the power set of S0) such that the above-mentioned variant can be given the form: There exists a sequence in S0 such that
24.—Mean-square Convergence of Non-harmonic Trigonometrical Series
Authors: Cossar J.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

The series considered are of the form , where Σ | cn |2 is convergent and the real numbers λn (the exponents) are distinct. It is known that if the exponents are integers, the series is the Fourier series of a periodic function of locally integrable square (the Riesz-Fischer theorem); and more generally that if the exponents are not necessarily integers but are such that the difference between any pair exceeds a fixed positive number, the series is the Fourier series of a function of the Stepanov class, S2, of almost periodic functions.

We consider in this paper cases where the exponents are subject to less stringent conditions (depending on the coefficients cn). Some of the theorems included here are known but had been proved by other methods. A fuller account of the contents of the paper is given in Sections 1-5.
A note on the spaces FP,µ
Authors: McBride Adam C.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

This note is concerned with the spaces F'p,µ of generalised functions introduced in a previous paper. A necessary and sufficient condition for an inclusion of the form

to hold is established. The case p = ∞ leads to consideration of a class G''∞µ whose simple properties are noted. Some consequences of relevance to fractional integrals and Hankel transforms are indicated.
Myasthenia Gravis Associated with Diphenylhydantoin Therapy For Epilepsy
Authors: Brumlik Joel , Jacobs Robert S.
Published: July 2016

A young woman with epilepsy developed myasthenic symptoms while taking diphenylhydantoin. The clinical, electromyographic and pharmacologic findings were consistent with myasthenia gravis. Symptoms of myasthenia ceased on withdrawal of the drug, and recurred on readministration, with little apparent relationship to serum phenytoin levels. This unusual effect is discussed with reference to the known effects of diphenylhydantoin at the neuromyal junction.
Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Concepts of Physiopathogenesis A Review
Authors: Labadie Enrique L. , Glover David
Published: July 2016

From the present review it seems clear that the physiopathogenesis of the chronic subdural hematoma is far from being completely understood. However, an analysis of the known data can be summarized as follows:

The development of subdural hematomas most likely occurs following minimal trauma in those patients with predisposing factors.

Experimental data substantiates the fact that an accumulation of clotted blood in the subdural or subcutaneous space induces the formation of the fibroplastic neomembrane. The hypothesis that blood must come in contact with cerebrospinal fluid in order for the growth to occur, is still controversial.

It has been virtually disproven that osmosis, referring to the electrolyte gradient as measured by freezing point depression, has any significance as a growth inducing factor.

The protein oncotic gradient theory, having been the most widely accepted explanation as to the progressive enlargement of the subdural hematoma sac, has little experimental data supporting it.

A larger body of clinical evidence exists supporting the concept that plasma and/or erythrocytes continuously penetrate into the subdural cavity, where enhanced fibrinolytic activity is present.

However, this chronic rebleeding cannot fully explain the observed growth, because the composition of the hematoma fluid is somewhat different from serum or plasma, and the protein content is also progressively diluted by fluid arising from an unknown source.

There is some clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that a production - reabsorption balance may be a significant growth variable.

No work has been done to define the role, if any, of local inflammatory mechanisms in the chronic subdural hematoma.

Sound clinical evidence has shown that after the initial formation of the subdural clot, growth follows, then a slow, complete reabsorption usually occurs. Aside from the plausible production - reabsorption balance concept, it is not known why the evolution proceeds in this manner.
Polyarteritis Nodosa Complicated by a Multiple Sclerosis Like Syndrome
Authors: Waisburg H. , Meloff K.L. , Buncic R.
Published: July 2016

A case is presented of a 16-year-old boy with angiographically proven polyarteritis nodosa who developed a multiple sclerosis like syndrome affecting the brain stem and cerebrum. His serum demyelinated nerve in tissue culture. The case is reviewed in detail and the mechanism of myelotoxicity is discussed.
Simultaneous Recordings of Visual Cortex and Superior Colliculus Field Potentials in the Rabbit
Authors: Molotchnikoff Stephane , Dubuc Michel , Brunette Jean Real
Published: July 2016

The field potentials recorded simultaneously at various depth of the rabbit’s visual cortex and superior colliculus were analysed following light ON and light OFF. The collicular ON and OFF potentials exhibited three slow components superimposed by fast rhythmic oscillations. Only the first slow component reversed its polarity with penetration from surface negative to positive in depth. The cortical ON and OFF responses similarly contained three slow waves which all reversed their polarity with electrode penetration: from surface positive to negative in deeper layers. The most striking difference between ON and OFF cortical responses is the absence of fast rhythmic oscillations in the cortical ON response.
Ventricular Obstruction Due to Ectasia of the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Hudson A.R. , Gonsalves C.G.
Published: July 2016

This is a report of the first recorded instance of ventricular obstruction at the foramen of Monro by an ectatic carotid artery. The clinical course, investigations and treatment are described.
Sleep, Subcortical Stimulation and Kindling in the Cat
Authors: Tanaka T. , Lange H. , Naquet R.
Published: July 2016

A longitudinal study of the effects of sleep on amygdaloid kindling showed that kindling disrupted normal sleep patterns by reducing REM sleep and increasing awake time. Few interictal spike discharges were observed during the awake stage, while a marked increase in discharge was observed during the light and deep sleep stages. No discharges were observed during REM sleep. During the immediate post-stimulation period the nonstimulated amygdala showed a much higher rate of spike discharge. On the other hand, there was an increase in spike discharge in the stimulated amygdala during natural sleep without preceding amygdaloid stimulation. Amygdaloid stimulation at the generalized seizure threshold during each sleep stage resulted in a generalized convulsion.

The influence of subcortical electrical stimulation on kindled amygdaloid convulsions was investigated in a second experiment. Stimulation of the centre median and the caudate nucleus was without effect on kindled convulsions, while stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation at high frequency (300 Hz) reduced the latency of onset of kindled generalized convulsions. Stimulation of the nucleus ventralis lateralis of the thalamus at low frequency (10 Hz) prolonged the convulsion latency, and at high current levels blocked the induced convulsion. Stimulation in the central gray matter at low frequency (10 Hz) also blocked kindled amygdaloid convulsions.
Aneurysm of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Presenting as Intraventricular Hemorrhage in a Child: Report of a Case With Survival
Authors: Leblanc Richard , Blundell John E.
Published: July 2016

A case of intraventricular hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery in a child is presented. Treatment is discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Friedreich's Ataxia in Northern Italy: I. Clinical, Neurophysiological and In Vivo Biochemical Studies
Authors: D’Angelo A. , Di Donato S. , Negri G. , Beulche F. , Uziel G. , Boeri R.
Published: July 2016

Eighteen patients with the presumptive diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia were studied. Clinical, neurophysiological and biochemical data were concordant in 14 patients and led to the diagnosis of typical Friedreich's ataxia in this group of patients. The remaining 4 patients differed from the typical patients in several respects, but mainly in the cardiological findings. It is concluded that no single clinical or laboratory finding is typical of F.A. Multidisciplinary approaches are essential to the diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia.
Giant Axonal Neuropathy: Visual and Oculomotor Deficits
Authors: Kirkham T.H. , Guitton D. , Coupland S.G.
Published: July 2016

Giant axonal neuropathy, a generalised disorder or neurofilaments, presents as a chronic, progressive peripheral neuropathy in childhood. Evidence for central nervous system involvement is demonstrated in this study of four male patients with giant axonal neuropathy who had defective visual function and abnormal ocular motility. The visual system was studied by electroretinography, which showed normal retinal function, and by visual evoked potentials, which showed disease of both optic nerves and retrochiasmal visual pathways. The ocular motility disorder, studied by electrooculography, comprised defective pursuit, inability to maintain eccentric gaze with gaze paretic and rebound nystagmus, abnormal optokinetic responses and failure of suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex by fixation. These findings suggested involvement by giant axonal neuropathy of the cerebellar and brain stem pathways important in the control of ocular motility.
Scar Prevention in Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Authors: Saunders Fraser W.
Published: July 2016

Constriction of a peripheral nerve may precipitate a primary problem or prevent recovery from a pre-existing one. Any surgical technique to minimize subsequent constrictive scar formation would be advantageous. In this study, using rat femoral nerves, various modes of protection were evaluated. Wrapping the nerve with free fat seemed to offer the best prophylaxis.
Peripheral Neurophathies Associated With Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Bolton C.F.
Published: July 2016

A variety of peripheral nerve disorders may be associated with chronic renal failure. The polyneuropathy due to uremic toxins is a distal, motor and sensory polyneuropathy in which there is segmental demyelination, axonal degeneration, and segmental remyelination. The nature of the uremic toxin and the underlying mechanism of these changes is unknown.

The incidence in patients with “endstage” renal disease has fallen in recent years, severe cases now being rare, perhaps due to refinements in chronic hemodialysis, transplantation, and other therapies. However, while chronic hemodialysis stabilizes uremic neuropathy, manipulation of hemodialysis schedules may not alter its course, according to current assessment. Successful renal transplantation improves both the clinical and electrophysiological signs, even in severe uremic neuropathy.
Methylmercury Poisoning in Canadian Indians — The Elusive Diagnosis
Authors: Wheatley Brian , Barbeau André , Clarkson Thomas W. , Lapham Lowell W.
Published: July 2016

A World Health Organization Expert Committee has concluded that symptoms of methylmercury poisoning may appear at blood concentrations of 200-500 ng Hg/ml. Blood levels in this range have been found in several Indian and Inuit communities in Canada. The syndrome of severe methylmercury poisoning (Hunter-Russell syndrome) is well described. However, diagnosis of less severe cases is difficult. This paper reviews the present situation in Canada. The problems of diagnosis currently being encountered are discussed and are illustrated by the case of an individual who had one of the highest blood concentrations (551 ng Hg/ml) ever described in fish-eating populations outside of the outbreaks in Minamata and Niigata in Japan. Although mercury concentrations in brain were estimated to have been in the “symptomatic” range at least once in the two years prior to his death, neurohisiological examination was normal. Detailed examination by two teams of neurologists revealed effects that may be associated with methylmercury poisoning but a definitive diagnosis remained elusive.
Sensations from Surgically Transferred Glabrous Skin; Central Versus Peripheral Factors
Authors: Dykes R.W. , Terzis J.K. , Strauch B.
Published: July 2016

In reinnervatedskin transferred from the foot to the hand, sensory thresholds approach normal values — an observation not predicted by the theoretical relationship between innervation density and tactile acuity. Therefore, we suggest that innervation density is not the major factor determining tactile acuity. Rather, the hand region of the central somesthelic map may be specialized to provide a calibre of function unavailable to other regions.
Effect of Phenytoin on Protein Binding of Valproic Acid
Authors: Bruni J. , Gallo J.M. , Wilder B.J.
Published: July 2016

In vitro experiments using the equilibrium dialysis technique were performed to determine the binding of valproic acid to plasma components in the absence and presence of therapeutic concentrations of phenytoin. The free fraction of valproic acid was found to be dependent on the total valproic acid concentration. Phenytoin did not influence valproic acid protein binding.
Sodium Valproate in the Treatment of Cerebellar Disorders
Authors: Neophytides Andreas N. , Teychenne Paul F. , Pfeiffer Ronald F. , Calne Donald B.
Published: July 2016

Because of the high concentrations of ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei, an attempt was made to enhance GABAergic transmission in patients with cerebellar disease. Maximum tolerated doses of sodium valproate, a drug which inhibits the degradation of GABA, failed to influence cerebellar deficits in a double blind crossover study on six patients.
Tumeurs Cerebrales de l'enfant en milieu Canadien-Francais
Authors: Renevey F. , Amyot Y. , Geoffroy G. , Vanasse M.
Published: July 2016

Between 1964 and 1976, we have seen 197 cases of cerebral tumors in children. We have studied the frequency of each histological group of tumors, their localization, the results of the clinical investigation, their clinical manifestations and the prognosis for each group.

This study has confirmed that in children brain tumors are more frequently localized in the posterior fossa (56.4%). As in other series, tumors derived from the glia represent nearly 80% of the total. Clinically, increased intra-cranial pressure is the most frequent manifestation of posterior fossa lesion (75% of cases) while cerebellar involvement was seen in 60% of these childdren. Brain stem lesions and supratentorial tumors are more insidious in their presentation and their clinical manifestations more diversified.

The EEG appeared useful in the investigation of brain tumors and showed irregularities in 78% of our patients. However, a more specific diagnosis required more invasive techniques such as angiography, pneumoencephalography or ventriculography.

As in previous series, the mortality rate remained high in the children we have followed, particularly for some groups of tumors (glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, brain stem lesions). It is to be hoped that with the introduction of the CT Scan, the improvement of neurosurgical techniques and the use of immuno and chemotherapy, the prognosis may be improved.
Epilepsy and Pregnancy
Authors: Bruni Joseph , Willmore L. James
Published: July 2016

The management of the pregnant epileptic requires close cooperation between the neurologist and obstetrician.
To prevent complications, knowledge is required about the natural history of epilepsy during pregnancy, the possible teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs, and changes in their absorption, biotransformation, and excretion. Close plasma antiepileptic drug monitoring is required because of the change in the handling of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. The treatment of status epilepticus with intravenous phenytoin is effective. Drug interactions which may lead to toxic plasma levels of some drugs and subtherapeutic plasma levels of others should be anticipated. The risk of problems resulting from antiepileptic drug therapy during pregnancy appears to be minor, provided that proper medical supervision is available. Newer antiepileptic drugs should not be administered to the pregnant epileptic until their safety in pregnancy is fully established.
Painful Tonic Seizures in Multiple Sclerosis: Localization of a Lesion
Authors: Watson C.Peter , Chiu M.
Published: July 2016

The history of a patient with painful tonic seizures in association with multiple sclerosis is related. These seizures have been thought by most authors to be spinal in origin. This case is reported because of the localization of a supratentorial lesion, clinically and on CT scan.
Giant Cystic Craniopharyngioma: Case Report
Authors: Parkinson Dwight , West Michael
Published: July 2016

This is a report of a giant cystic craniopharyngioma which escaped diagnosis for nine years in spite of seemingly thorough neuroradiological investigation, prior to the advent of the CT scan.
Human Cysticercosis: A Probable Case of Cerebral Cysticercosis with Generalized Subcutaneous Nodular Lesions
Authors: Ali-Khan Z. , Chayasirisobhon S. , Aubé M.
Published: July 2016

A case is reported in Montreal of human cysticercosis in a 44-year-old man who emigrated from Italy in 1956. Numerous subcutaneous nodules were found throughout his body. X-ray of his thighs and chest sho wed oblong calcific densities measuring 1 x 0.5 cm in size. Examination of an excised nodule from the right biceps revealed a cysticercus larva morphologically similar to Cysticercus cellulosae although the scolex lacked hooks. On the basis of the intensity of infection, focal and generalized epileptic seizures, changes in the CSF, and well demarcated lucencies observed in brain scan, cerebral cysticercosis was considered the most likely diagnosis.
Increased Dependence on Visual Information for Movement Control in Patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cooke J.D. , Brown J.D. , Brooks V.B.
Published: July 2016

Studies were made of visually and nonrvisitally guided movements by patients with Parkinson's disease. The subjects moved a light, horizontal handle using rotation primarily about the elbow. During visually guided trials both handle and target positions were displayed to the subject; during non-visually guided trials only the handle position was displayed. During non-visually guided trials all patients showed a tendency for an overall flexion drift, although there was no change in average movement amplitude. The overall error in position by the end of the non-visually guided trials was greatly in excess of the reported values for passive displacement thresholds in normal subjects. It is suggested that the data indicate an increased dependence on visual information for control of motor activity in Parkinson's patients.
Transient Paralytic Attacks of Obscure Nature: The Question of Non-Convulsive Seizure Paralysis
Authors: Fisher C. Miller
Published: July 2016

Eleven patients with transient paralytic attacks of obscure nature are described. Paralysis could involve face or leg alone, face and hand, or face, arm and leg. The duration varied from two minutes to one day. Four patients had brain tumors, six probably had brain infarcts, and one a degenerative process. The differential diagnosis included TIAs, migraine accompaniments, and seizures. In the absence of good evidence for the first two, the cases are discussed from the standpoint of possibly representing nonconvulsive seizure paralysis (ictal paralysis, inhibitory seizure paralysis or somatic inhibitory seizure). Because of the difficulty in defining seizures as well as TIAs and migraine in their atypical variations, a firm conclusion concerning the mechanisms of the spells was not attained. Two cases of the hypertensive amaurosis-seizure syndrome have been added as further examples of ictal deficits.
Muscle Changes in Lambs with Surgically Created Scoliosis Produced in Utero
Authors: Kent G.M. , Zingg W. , Armstrong D.
Published: July 2016

Spinal curves may be produced in fetal lambs with three surgical techniques. These procedures vary from mere exposure of the costo-vertebral junction of three ribs through a paravertebral incision, to resection of the head and part of the adjacent shaft of three ribs. The fetal age varies from forty-nine to seventy-three days. The degree of curvature present at birth seems to increase in severity with decreasing fetal age at the time of surgery, but the type of surgical procedure does not appear to influence the severity of the curve, suggesting that the mechanical presence of the ribs does not prevent the development of scoliosis in these animals.

Histological studies of the m. longissimus dorsi at the apices of the curves reveal two main types of abnormality in the muscle fibers. Both Type I and Type II fibers were significantly reduced in size in the biopsies taken from the side on which the surgery was performed, and there was marked alteration in the proportion of one fiber type to the other in most biopsies taken from both operated sides when compared with biopsies from unoperated twin animals.

The fetal age and amount of surgical trauma appeared to play no role in the degree of muscle alteration, suggesting that even minimal surgical trauma to the paraspinal region at any fetal age between 49–73 days is sufficient to produce significant muscle fiber abnormality and spinal curvature.

A parallel is drawn between these muscle findings and those in a number of human musculoskeletal diseases, and suggests the possibility of a developmental defect in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
The Prolonged Anticonvulsant Action of Taurine on Genetically Determined Seizure-Susceptibility
Authors: Huxtable R. , Laird H.
Published: July 2016

A prolonged anticonvulsant action of taurine has been shown in a strain of seizure susceptible rats. The audiogenic rat (AS) has lower intracerebral electroshock thresholds in three auditory nuclei; the ventral cochlear, the inferior colliculi and the medial geniculate, and in one nonauditory structure; the reticular formation, than a strain of nonaudiogenic rats (NAS). Furthermore, the AS animals routinely display maximal (tonic-clonic) convulsion, regardless of brain structure stimulated, whereas NAS subjects respond with minimal (clonic) convulsions. Within three minutes of intraventricular injection of 8 μ moles, taurine reduces the susceptibility of AS rats to intracerebral electroshock seizures along with attenuation of the severity of the convulsion. The initial elevation in intracerebral electroshock threshold returns to pretreatment value at 24 hours, only to rise again at 48 hours and to remain elevated through day six after injection. In contrast, the severity of convulsions remains attenuated through 24 hours, after which it returns to pre-injection level. By comparison, NAS animals injected intracerebroventricularly in an identical fashion to the AS rats showed no changes in either seizure threshold or severity of convulsion. The direct injection of 200n-moles of taurine in the inferior colliculi of AS rats produced a slow developing, but prolonged, elevation of intracerebral electroshock threshold of this auditory nuclei. However, at no time after the intracerebral injection of taurine was convulsive severity changed. Injection of taurine into the inferior colliculi of NAS subjects did not change either susceptibility or severity of intracerebral electroshock seizures. The data indicate that taurine produces an anticonvulsant effect which is slow in onset, potent, selective and prolonged.
Hot Water Epilepsy
Authors: Szymonowicz Wanda , Meloff Keith L.
Published: July 2016

A case of hot water epilepsy is presented and the literature on the subject is reviewed. The data show that hot water epilepsy is a benign form of rejlex epilepsy occurring mainly in children. Males are affected more than females. The triggering stimulus is immersion in hot water (over 37°C). The seizure is usually psychomotor, although generalized convulsions may occur. The EEG findings indicate that the abnormality lies in the temporal lobe.
Vascular Amyloid in the Aging Central Nervous System: Clinico-Pathological Study and Literature Review
Authors: Bruni Joseph , Bilbao Juan M. , Pritzker Kenneth P.H.
Published: July 2016

The clinico-pathological features of five patients with vascular amyloid restricted to the central nervous system are presented.

In three normotensive patients, intracerebral hemorrhage was the dramatic manifestation of amyloid angiopathy. In two other cases, one of amyloid in an arteriovenous malformation, the other of amyloid following therapeutic radiation, amyloid deposition was asymptomatic.

Clinically, amyloid angiopathy must be considered in the different diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage, independent of the presence of dementia. Pathologically, a factor common to the syndrome of cerebrovascular amyloid appears to be locally increased vascular permeability resulting from a variety of previous tissue injuries.
Pure Spastic Paralysis of Corticospinal Origin
Authors: Fisher C. M.
Published: July 2016

This presentation includes six cases of chronic bilateral pure motor hemiplegia, one of these with pathological findings; one clinical case of chronic pure motor quadriplegia and one pathologically-studied case of chronic pure motor paraplegia. These cases may illustrate a spectrum of pure corticospinal disorders that heretofore has not been fully recognized.
Nicolaus Friedreich and Degenerative Atrophy of the Posterior Columns of the Spinal Cord
Authors: Andermann F.
Published: July 2016

A short outline is given of the pioneer efforts of Nicolaus Friedreich in the description of the spinocerebellar degeneration which now bears his name.
Genetic and Family Studies in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: Andermann E. , Remillard G.M. , Goyer C. , Blitzer L. , Andermann F. , Barbeau A.
Published: July 2016

This study consists of two parts: I. A detailed genetic analysis of 35 sibships in which 58 individuals were affected with Friedreich’s ataxia; and 2. Clinical and laboratory examinations of parents and siblings, in an attempt at carrier detection and diagnosis of the pre-clinical state.

The increased parental consanguinity, the lack of affected individuals in other generations, and the lack of significance of extrinsic etiological variables, all suggested an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, and this was confirmed by formal genetic analyses, employing several different methods.

Associated abnormalities in our series of 58 patients included cardiomyopathy (51.7%), diabetes melitus (19.0%), optic atrophy (5.2%), nerve deafness (5.2%) and congenital malformations (6.9%). The incidence of diabetes mellitus. congenital malformations, and epilepsy and lor febrile convulsions was elevated in first degree relatives of patients with Friedreich’s ataxia.

Examinations in first degree relatives revealed an increased frequency of neurological and skeletal abnormalities (26.3%). but no abnormalities on neuro-ophthalmological examination. Frequent EMG abnormalities were noted in parents (56.3%). but not in siblings; and these could usually be attributed to extrinsic causes. There was an increased incidence of ECG abnormalities in both parents (50.0%) and siblings (25.0% and some of these abnormalities may represent cardiomyopathy. An increased frequency of EEG abnormalities was also recorded in parents (14.3%) and siblings (27.2%). but these were not specific. None of these examinations resulted in a practicable method of carrier detection or preclinical diagnosis.

Since carrier detection is still not feasible, genetic counselling remains the only possible means of prevention of Friedreich’s ataxia.