bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posredujuća uloga seksualnog zadovoljstva između dimenzija privrženosti i zadovoljstva partnerskom vezom
Authors:   Sveučilišni odjel zdravstvenih studija, Sveučilište u Splitu, Split, Antičević Vesna
Published: November 2020

U ovom radu je ispitana posredujuća uloga seksualnoga zadovoljstva u odnosu između dimenzija privrženosti i zadovoljstva vezom. Modificirani inventar iskustava u bliskim vezama (Kamenov i Jelić, 2003) i Nova skala seksualnog zadovoljstva (Štulhofer i Buško, 2008) primijenjeni su na prigodnom uzorku dobivenom na 255 muškaraca i 257 žena metodom “snježne grude”. Rezultati upućuju na značajno više vrijednosti na dimenziji anksioznosti kod žena te na značajno više vrijednosti na dimenziji izbjegavanja muškaraca. Obje dimenzije privrženosti negativno su povezane sa seksualnim zadovoljstvom i zadovoljstvom vezom, pri čemu je utvrđen posredujući učinak seksualnog zadovoljstva između obje dimenzije privrženosti i zadovoljstva vezom kod muškaraca i žena. Na dimenziji izbjegavanja utvrđen je izraženiji učinak na seksualno zadovoljstvo kod oba roda, dok je na dimenziji anksioznosti utvrđen izravni učinak samo na zadovoljstvo vezom žena. Ključne riječi: Seksualno zadovoljstvo, zadovoljstvo vezom, privrženost
Subjektivna dobrobit: uloga emocionalne kompetentnosti i dimenzija privrženosti
Authors:   AMEOS Klinikum Bad Aussee, Bad Aussee, Austrija, Komšo Tatjana , Burić Irena ,   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar, Vidaković Marina ,   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar
Published: November 2020

Istraživanja u području pozitivne psihologije nastoje odgovoriti na pitanja koji su to osobni i okolinski čimbenici koji doprinose sreći i zadovoljstvu u životu pojedinca. U okviru ovog istraživanja cilj je bio ispitati doprinose zasebnih dimenzija emocionalne kompetentnosti (sposobnost uočavanja i razumijevanja emocija, sposobnost izražavanja i imenovanja emocija, sposobnost reguliranja i upravljanja emocijama) i dimenzija privrženosti u različitim bliskim odnosima (partnerski, obiteljski, prijateljski) u objašnjenju subjektivne dobrobiti pojedinca. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 245 ispitanika u dobi od 18 do 30 godina. Ispitivanje je provedeno putem online upitnika, koji su se temeljili na samoprocjeni ispitanika. Rezultati provedenih hijerarhijskih regresijskih analiza, između ostalog, pokazuju, da emocionalno kompetentniji pojedinci te pojedinci koji su manje skloni izbjegavanju u odnosu s obitelji pokazuju veće zadovoljstvo životom, veći osjećaj prosperiteta te učestaliji doživljaj pozitivnih, a rjeđi doživljaj negativnih iskustava. Uz to, ako je osoba bila muškog spola, mlađa osoba i osoba uspješnija u uočavanju i razumijevanju emocija bez obzira na spol, to je bio manji doživljaj negativnih iskustava. Ključne riječi: subjektivna dobrobit, emocionalna kompetentnost, privrženost
Interactive Effects of Multi-Foci Justice Climates on Teams’ Psychological Empowerment
Authors:   Faculty of Humanities and Social Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Sušanj Zoran , Jakopec Ana ,   Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Radoš Antonija ,   Elementary School Josip Kozarac, Semeljci
Published: November 2020

Psychological empowerment refers to the degree in which an employee feels that he controls events in the organization. This construct is studied on a group level as well, as a team members’ common experience. Team empowerment is a multidimensional construct that includes the collective belief about freedom, independence and discretion in decision-making (autonomy), teams’ effectiveness (potency), the importance and value of teams’ work (meaningfulness), and the contribution of the teams’ work to organizational performance (impact). Organizations are interested in empowering individuals and teams because empowerment relates to positive work outcomes. Justice climate, as an important component of the overall experience of the working environment, greatly determines psychological empowerment. The aim of this study is to verify the interactive effects of organizational, supervisory and peer justice climate on teams’ psychological empowerment. We analyzed data collected from 196 work teams from different organizations. Results of polynomial regression combined with response surface methodology show that with the increase of the level of congruence between multi-foci justice climates, teams’ psychological empowerment increases as well. Misalignment between different sources of justice climate, a situation in which one source is fair while the other is unfair, does not affect the team members’ joint perception of psychological empowerment. As long as the team perceives one source of justice as fair, the teams’ psychological empowerment is high, regardless of the injustice of another source. Although the cross- sectional study design does not allow inferring causality, the theoretical implications of the results for the application of the congruence theory in the organizational context in understanding the effects of (mis)alignment between different sources of justice climate, as well as the practical applicability of the results in human resource management, are discussed. Keywords: teams’ psychological empowerment, multi-foci justice climate
SOSYAL GÜVENLİK VE SAĞLIĞIN FİNANSMANI: 2000-2015 DÖNEMİNE İLİŞKİN DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: YUCEL Yucel , HAYTA Songül
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada, sosyal güvenlik uygulaması ve sağlık
finansman sistemleri incelenerek, Türkiye ve Dünya’daki mevcut durum
değerlendirilmiştir. Sosyal güvenlik anlayışı ve zaman içinde gösterdiği tarihi
gelişim, her bir ülke açısından farklı şekillerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. İş
hayatında maruz kalınan risklere ve çalışma hayatının sona ermesi halinde karşı
karşıya kalınabilecek olumsuz yaşam koşullarına karşı önlem alınması ihtiyacı
sosyal güvenliğin önemini artırmaktadır. Bir ülkedeki sosyal politikaların kamu
tarafından planlanması sosyal devlet anlayışının önemli bir kısmını
içermektedir. Türkiye’de ve Dünyada sosyal güvenlik politikalarının
karşılaştırılması, ülkemizdeki sosyal güvenlik ve sağlık finansman
sistemlerinin etkin bir şekilde uygulanıp uygulanmadığı hakkında mevcut durumun
ortaya konulmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Sağlık finansman sistemlerinden, kamusal
nitelikli finansman sistemleri ve özel nitelikli finansman sistemleri detaylı
bir şekilde incelenerek, kamu ile özel sağlık harcamaları açıklanmıştır.
Ayrıca, Türkiye’de ve Dünya’da sağlık finansman sisteminin mevcut durumu
araştırılmıştır.
KUZEY AMERİKA ÜLKELERİNDE AİLE POLİTİKALARI: AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ VE KANADA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KARA Yunus
Published: November 2020

Günümüz toplumlarında yaşanan sanayileşme, modernleşme, kentleşme gibi sosyal, kültürel ve teknolojik değişimler toplumun temel birimlerinden olan ailenin yapısı, işlevleri ve türlerinde de büyük değişimler yaratmıştır. Ailenin yapı, fonksiyon ve türlerinin değişmesiyle birlikte aile üyelerinin ihtiyaçları, aktiviteleri ve onlara uygulanabilecek politikalar da farklılaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Kuzey Amerika bölgesinde yer alan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Kanada ülkelerinin aile politikaları olarak adlandırılabilecek bazı çalışmalarından bahsedilecektir. Çalışmalar incelendiğinde, Kanada hükümetinin çocuk odaklı politikalar gerçekleştirdiği, uygun fiyatlı çocuk bakımı hizmeti ve ebeveynler için uygun ücretli izin sunduğu görülmektedir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde ise aile politikaları gelişmeye devam etmekte, çocuk bakımı, ebeveyn izni gibi hizmet ve politikalar, toplumsal cinsiyet normlarını ve beklentilerini sürdürmektedir. Çalışmaya konu olan ülkelerin aile politikaları düşünüldüğünde, ailelere ve özellikle çocuklara yönelik kapsamlı politika reformlarının gerçekleştirilmesi, bu politikalarda çocuğun yüksek yararının düşünülmesi önemlidir. Çocuk, kadın, engelli ve yaşlı gibi dezavantajlı gruplara öncelik veren aile politikalarının gerçekleştirilmesi, toplumun refah seviyesini arttırarak daha güçlü ve eşit bir sosyal devlet yapısını sağlayacaktır.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY TO FORM AN ANTI-CORRUPTION ENVIRONMENT IN AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: ZAGVYAZINSKAYA OLGA A. , Zvereva Polina K.
Published: November 2020

In this article, the authors study the history and development of the anti-corruption legislation of the Russian Federation. They also describe the conditions for the exis­tence of a tolerant attitude to corruption in the Russian society. The results show that only an insufficient list of measures to combat corruption is fixed at the federal laws. On the local level, organizations and enterprises need to independently identify, develop and implement comprehensive and highly specialized measures aimed at restricting corruption. Thus, due to the lack of a systematic approach to the formation of an anti-­corruption environment on the local level, there is a risk not to achieve the results of anti-corruption measures.
The authors, for their part, propose to promote new ways to form intolerance to corruption and call for the creation of an anti-corruption environment in the educational organization with the help of anti-corruption ideology. Since the phenomenon of corruption is often associated with regulations and mechanisms of public administration, the researchers emphasize that combating corruption in education is an important and necessary task since corruption has an extremely negative impact on the goals and objectives of educational policy in the Russian Federation.
The case of the University of Tyumen shows the specific results of the application and implementation of anti-corruption measures in the educational organization. The authors propose to improve the mechanism for the application of criminal liability. The new mechanisms will be aimed at improving the anti-corruption legislation to prohibit persons who have previously been convicted of corruption crimes to work in an educational organization.
Instruir, moralizar e civilizar para o desenvolvimento da Bahia:
Authors: Brito Gilmário Moreira , Ramos Eliene Rodrigues
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo discute as concepções políticas das campanhas de saneamento e educação destinadas aos sertões e zonas rurais da Bahia, implantadas, respectivamente, pela Liga Pró-Saneamento, instituída em 1918, e a Campanha Nacional de Educação Rural, em 1952. Examina conceitos de saneamento, educação rural e instrução usados, por esta última, como estratégias para modificar modos de viver e produzir de moradores rurais tendo em vista inserilos, no contexto de 1950, nos mercados nacional e internacional. A pesquisa recorreu à produção bibliográfica de Neiva e Penna (1999), Penna (1923), Santos (1985, 1998), Williams (1989), Brito (1999), Lima e Hochman (2000),Hochman e Armus (2004), Stepan (2004), Hochman (2005), Mariani (1957), Hall (1950a, 1950b), Souza (2009), Monarcha (2009) e Ramos (2017), bem como a artigos e relatos publicados na Revista da Campanha Nacional de Educação Rural (RCNER), cujos propósitos eram moralizar e civilizar moradores de zonas rurais para o desenvolvimento da Bahia.
Особенности поведения ионов Mn-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=- в 3D-дираковском полуметалле alpha-Cd-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-As-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- по данным ЭПР
Authors: Горюнов Ю.В. , Натепров А.Н.
Published: November 2020

The behavior of the manganese impurity in the 3D Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 has been studied by EPR and electromagnetic measurements. It was found that, in contrast to doping with europium, doping with manganese, as well as with iron, does not lead to a change in the sign of the magnetoresistance, which is almost completely suppressed at high manganese concentrations. In this case, a change in the type of the influence of the magnetic field on the contact potential is manifested. The g-factors measured in EPR coincide with the g-factor of a free electron at all temperatures, which, taking into account the fluctuation behavior of the EPR linewidth and the reduced magnetic moment on Mn2 +, indicates the formation of short-lived bound states of the Mn2 + ion and conduction electrons - antiferromagnetic polarons.
Магнетосопротивление и ИК-спектр примесных состояний в пленке Ce-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-12-=/SUB=-
Authors: Аплеснин С.С. , Масюгин А.Н. , Кретинин В.В. , Коновалов С.О. , Шестаков Н.П.
Published: November 2020

В поликристаллических пленках цериевого феррита граната найдена величина щели в спектре электронных возбуждений, электронные переходы между примесными двухвалентными и четырехвалентными ионами железа и церия из ИК-спектров поглощения. Найдены температуры делокализации двухвалентных состояний железа из импедансной спектроскопии, электросопротивления и ИК-спектров. Найдено отличие магнитосопротивления на переменном и постоянном токе, которое объясняется в модели диэлектрически неоднородной среды. Ключевые слова: магнитоимпеданс, ИК-спектроскопия, цериевый феррит гранат, тонкие пленки.
Радиальные домены в микропроводах DyPr-FeCo-B
Authors: Коплак O.В. , Сидоров В.Л. , Дворецкая Е.В. , Шашков И.В. , Валеев Р.А. , Королев Д.В. , Моргунов Р.Б.
Published: November 2020

In DyPr-FeCo-B microwires with an easy magnetization axis directed along the microwire axis, domains with radial magnetization were found by the method of magneto-optical indicator films (MOIF). The width of the radial domains decreases with increasing field up to 30 mT, and increases with increasing diameter of the microwire in the range 60 - 105 μm. In wires of smaller diameter, the critical field for the appearance of radial domains is smaller. The influence of periodic scratches on the distribution of magnetization perpendicular to the microwire is found.
Early Improvement of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients With COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: Retrospective Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Zhan Zhu , Yang Xin , Du Hu , Zhang Chuanlai , Song Yuyan , Ran Xiaoyun , Zhang An , Yang Mei
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been over 2 million deaths globally. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may be the main cause of death.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to describe the clinical features, outcomes, and ARDS characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in Chongqing, China.

METHODS

The epidemiology of COVID-19 from January 21, 2020, to March 15, 2020, in Chongqing, China, was analyzed retrospectively, and 75 ICU patients from two hospitals were included in this study. On day 1, 56 patients with ARDS were selected for subgroup analysis, and a modified Poisson regression was performed to identify predictors for the early improvement of ARDS (eiARDS).

RESULTS

Chongqing reported a 5.3% case fatality rate for the 75 ICU patients. The median age of these patients was 57 (IQR 25-75) years, and no bias was present in the sex ratio. A total of 93% (n=70) of patients developed ARDS during ICU stay, and more than half had moderate ARDS. However, most patients (n=41, 55%) underwent high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, but not mechanical ventilation. Nearly one-third of patients with ARDS improved (arterial blood oxygen partial pressure/oxygen concentration >300 mm Hg) in 1 week, which was defined as eiARDS. Patients with eiARDS had a higher survival rate and a shorter length of ICU stay than those without eiARDS. Age (<55 years) was the only variable independently associated with eiARDS, with a risk ratio of 2.67 (95% CI 1.17-6.08).

CONCLUSIONS

A new subphenotype of ARDS—eiARDS—in patients with COVID-19 was identified. As clinical outcomes differ, the stratified management of patients based on eiARDS or age is highly recommended.
Harnessing Machine Learning to Personalize Web-Based Health Care Content (Preprint)
Authors: Guni Ahmad , Normahani Pasha , Davies Alun , Jaffer Usman
Published: November 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Web-based health care content has emerged as a primary source for patients to access health information without direct guidance from health care providers. The benefit of this approach is dependent on the ability of patients to access engaging high-quality information, but significant variability in the quality of web-based information often forces patients to navigate large quantities of inaccurate, incomplete, irrelevant, or inaccessible content. Personalization positions the patient at the center of health care models by considering their needs, preferences, goals, and values. However, the traditional methods used thus far in health care to determine the factors of high-quality content for a particular user are insufficient. Machine learning (ML) uses algorithms to process and uncover patterns within large volumes of data to develop predictive models that automatically improve over time. The health care sector has lagged behind other industries in implementing ML to analyze user and content features, which can automate personalized content recommendations on a mass scale. With the advent of big data in health care, which builds comprehensive patient profiles drawn from several disparate sources, ML can be used to integrate structured and unstructured data from users and content to deliver content that is predicted to be effective and engaging for patients. This enables patients to engage in their health and support education, self-management, and positive behavior change as well as to enhance clinical outcomes.
A Multiple Health Behavior Change, Self-Monitoring Mobile App for Adolescents: Development and Usability Study of the Health4Life App (Preprint)
Authors: Thornton Louise , Gardner Lauren Anne , Osman Bridie , Green Olivia , Champion Katrina Elizabeth , Bryant Zachary , Teesson Maree , Kay-Lambkin Frances , Chapman Cath ,   The Health4Life Team
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The link between chronic diseases and the Big 6 lifestyle risk behaviors (ie, poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol use, sedentary recreational screen time, and poor sleep) is well established. It is critical to target these lifestyle risk behaviors, as they often co-occur and emerge in adolescence. Smartphones have become an integral part of everyday life, and many adolescents already use mobile apps to monitor their lifestyle behaviors and improve their health. Smartphones may be a valuable platform for engaging adolescents with interventions to prevent key chronic disease risk behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to describe the development, usability, and acceptability of the Health4Life app, a self-monitoring smartphone app for adolescents that concurrently targets the Big 6 lifestyle behaviors.

METHODS

The development of the Health4Life app was an iterative process conducted in collaboration with adolescents and experts. The development process consisted of three stages: scoping the literature; end user consultations, which included a web-based survey (N=815; mean age 13.89, SD 0.89 years) and a focus group (N=12) among adolescents; and app development and beta testing. Following this development work, 232 adolescents were asked to rate the usability and acceptability of the app.

RESULTS

The process resulted in a self-monitoring smartphone app that allows adolescent users to track and set goals for the Big 6 health behaviors, using in-app rewards and notifications to enhance engagement. The overall adolescent feedback was positive in terms of user-friendly design, content, relevance, and helpfulness. Commonly identified areas for improvement were to increase interactive features and display recorded health behaviors differently to improve interpretability.

CONCLUSIONS

The Health4Life app is a co-designed, self-monitoring smartphone app for adolescents that concurrently targets the Big 6 lifestyle behaviors. Adolescents rated the app as highly acceptable and usable. The app has the potential to efficiently and effectively modify important risk factors for chronic disease among young people and is currently being evaluated in a world-first trial of 6640 secondary school students in 71 schools across Australia.

CLINICALTRIAL
Feasibility of smartphone-based hearing-aid apps for patients with mild hearing loss: an exploratory pilot study (Preprint)
Authors: Nguyen Willy , Koo Miseung , Oh Seung Ha , Lee Jun Ho , Park Moo Kyun
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Underuse of hearing aids is caused by several factors, including the stigma associated with hearing disability, affordability, and lack of awareness of rising hearing impairment associated with the growing population. Thus, there is a significant opportunity for the development of direct-to-consumer devices. For the past few years, smartphone-based hearing-aid apps have become more numerous and diverse, but few studies have investigated them.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to elucidate the electroacoustic characteristics and potential user benefits of a selection of currently available hearing-aid apps.

METHODS

We investigated the apps based on hearing-aid control standards (American National Standards Institute) using measurement procedures from previous studies. We categorized the apps and excluded those we considered inefficient. We investigated a selection of user-friendly, low-end apps, EarMachine and Sound Amplifier, with warble-tone audiometry, word recognition testing in unaided and aided conditions, and hearing-in-noise test in quiet and noise-front conditions in a group of users with mild hearing impairment (n = 7) as a pilot for a future long-term investigation. Results from the apps were compared with those of a conventional hearing aid.

RESULTS

Five of 14 apps were considered unusable based on low scores in several metrics, while the others varied across the range of electroacoustic measurements. The apps that we considered “high end” that provided lower processing latencies and audiogram-based fitting algorithms were superior overall. The clinical performance of the listeners tended to be better when using hearing aid, while the low end hearing-aid apps had limited benefits on the users.

CONCLUSIONS

Some apps showed the potential to benefit users with limited cases of minimal or mild hearing loss if the inconvenience of relatively poor electroacoustic performance did not outweigh the benefits of amplification.
Influences of Medical Crowdfunding Website Design Features on Trust and Intention to Donate: Controlled Laboratory Experiment (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Xing , Hu Wenli , Xiao Quan
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

As a type of donation-based crowdfunding, medical crowdfunding has gradually become an important way for patients who have difficulty paying medical bills to seek help from the public. However, many people still have limited confidence in donating money to medical crowdfunding projects.

OBJECTIVE

Given that the features of a medical crowdfunding website may be important to gain users’ trust, this study draws upon two-factor and trust theories to explore how different design features of medical crowdfunding websites affect potential donors’ cognition-based trust and affect-based trust, and how these types of trust affect the intention to donate.

METHODS

A 2 (informativeness: high vs low) × 2 (visual cues: cool color vs warm color) × 2 (social cues: with vs without) between-subject laboratory experiment was performed to validate our research model. A total of 320 undergraduate students recruited from a university in China participated in the controlled laboratory experiment.

RESULTS

Cognition-based trust (β=.528, P<.001) and affect-based trust (β=.344, P<.001) exerted significant effects on the intention to donate of potential donors of medical crowdfunding. Informativeness as a hygiene factor positively influenced potential donors’ cognition-based trust (F1,311=49.764, P<.001) and affect-based trust (F1,311=16.093, P<.001), whereas social cues as a motivating factor significantly influenced potential donors’ cognition-based trust (F1,311=38.160, P<.001) and affect-based trust (F1,311=23.265, P<.001). However, the color of the webpages affected the two dimensions of trust differently. Specifically, medical crowdfunding webpages with warm colors were more likely to induce affect-based trust than those with cool colors (F1,311=17.120, P<.001), whereas no significant difference was found between the effects of cool and warm colors on cognition-based trust (F1,311=1.707, P=.19).

CONCLUSIONS

This study deepens our understanding of the relationships among the design features of medical crowdfunding websites, trust, and intention to donate, and provides guidelines for managers of medical crowdfunding platforms to enhance potential donors’ trust-building by improving the website design features.
Synthesis, structural characterization and antibacterial studies of Fluoroquinolone Drug-Ciprofloxacin
Authors:   Univ. Dept. of Chemistry LNMU Darbhanga Bihar (India), SHADIQUE Md. ATHAR , PRATIK PANSHU ,   Dept. of chem. MLSM College LNMU Darbhanga Bihar (India), SINGH PRAPHULLA KUMAR ,   Univ. Dept. of chemistry LNMU Darbhanga Bihar (India)
Published: November 2020

he vibrational spectroscopy, such as FTIR has been used to measure the vibrational modes of fluoroquinolones, provides information about structural differences of its individual members. Form the interpreted spectral data Ciprofloxacin has been distinguished by the presence of different substituents in their parent nucleus. FTIR study provides the most direct and definitive identification of fluoroquinolone and offer a means for qualitative analysis of newly synthesized fluroquinolone drug-Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes bone and joints infection intra abdominal infection certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infection skin infections, typhoid fever and urinary tract infections.
Gender Difference in the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Performance in Science among Secondary School Students in Migori County, Kenya
Authors: Gor Polycarp O. , Othuon Lucas O. A. , Migunde Quinter A.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender difference in the relationship between self-efficacy and performance in science. A sample of 327 Form Four students in Migori County was used. Questionnaires, focus group discussion guide and interview schedules were used for data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation. Qualitative data were organized into themes and interpreted. Overall, boys had higher levels of performance in science (Mean=39.21) than girls (Mean=30.80) and the mean difference was statistically significant (t=3.89, p=.00). Boys had higher levels of self-efficacy (Mean=2.89) than girls (Mean=2.81) and the mean difference was not statistically significant (t=1.56, p=.12). Further, the overall correlation between self-efficacy and performance was statistically significant with r=.236 (p=.002, n=327). The correlation between self-efficacy and performance for boys was significant with r=.250 (p=.005, n=200) and non-significant for girls with r=.085 (p=.558, n=127). It is concluded that boys outperform girls in science and record higher scores in self-efficacy than girls. In addition, the variance shared in common between self-efficacy and performance is higher for boys than girls. To improve performance and also reduce the gender gap in science performance, self-efficacy should be enhanced for students but more particularly so for girls.
IMPURITY PROFILING IMPURITY PROFILING OF THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION BY RP-HPLC AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEGRADATION PRODUCT BY LC-MS/MS/QTOF
Authors: KONDRA SRINIVASU , A. T. BAPUJI , SANKAR D. GOWRI , RAJU POTTURI MURALI KRISHNAM
Published: November 2020

Objective: To propose a comprehensive, simple, and affordable RP-HPLC method for impurity profiling and characterization of unknown degradation products of thiamine hydrochloride injectable formulation.

Methods: The chromatographic separation employs gradient mode using the octadecyl silane column using a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer with ion pair reagent, acetonitrile, and methanol delivered flow rate at 1.2 ml/min. The detection was carried out at 248 nm using empower software. LC-MS/MS/QTOF hyphenated technique was used for isolation and characterization of unknown degradation impurity. The performance of the method was systematically validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.

Results: Degradation product observed in accelerated stability was characterized by LC-MS/MS/QTOF hyphenated technique and found m/z value 351.1604 and postulated as an oxidative degradation product of thiamine due to excipient interaction. The validated method was sensitive, selective, and specific data proves the method is precise and accurate from LOQ to 150% level and results are within 95-108% and less than 4.5% RSD. The developed method is linear from 0.03-58.83 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.990 and LOD and LOQ value ranged from 0.03 to1.51 μg/ml.

Conclusion: An efficient RP-HPLC method for impurity profiling of thiamine injectable formulation was successfully developed and unknown degradation product observed instability condition samples characterized by LC-MS/MS/QTOF technique. The validated method can be successfully employed for the impurity profiling of thiamine injectable in the quality control department.
OBETICHOLIC ACID: AN INSIGHT INTO A QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION AND METHODOLOGICAL VALIDATION THROUGH NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Authors: SAHU RAKESH , MISHRA RAKHI , MAJEE CHANDANA , KUMAR AJAY , MAZUMDER RUPA
Published: November 2020

Objective: The research work unveils the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique for quantitative determination and method validation of obeticholic acid. As standard expository methodology for more up to date medications or formulations may not be available in pharmacopeias, hence it is fundamental need to create novel analytical procedures which should be precise and accurate.

Methods: Proton (1H) and carbon (13C) NMR analysis were initially performed to confirm the preliminary authenticity of obeticholic acid API. Method validation was accomplished on the basis of standard guidelines for the parameters, in which tetramethylbenzene as an internal standard and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide as a diluent were used to assess the obeticholic acid.

Results: For the quantification of the drug, the proton nuclear magnetic resonance signals at 0.602 ppm and 6.86 ppm corresponding to the analyte proton of drug and internal standard respectively were used. The curve equation calculated from the regression method, the relative-standard-deviation and correlation-coefficient were found to be 0.743% and 0.9989 respectively, indicating good linearity. Consequently, the quantitative assay of the drug was found to be 99.91% in linearity with limit of detection and quantification values as 0.0773 mg and 0.2344 mg respectively, making successful the study of method validation for obeticholic acid.

Conclusion: The advantage of the method was that no reference standard of analyte drug was required for quantification and method validation. The method is non-destructive and can be applied for quantification of drug in commercial pharmaceutical formulation products.
SOMES: A REVIEW ON COMPOSITION, FORMULATION METHODS AND EVALUATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF “SOMES” DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: M. D. KUSUMA PRIYA , KUMAR VINOD , V. K. DAMINI , K. ESWAR , REDDY KADIRI RAJESH , S. BRITO RAJ , P. SUCHARITHA
Published: November 2020

Many drugs are available in the market for several diseases, disorder or even for a condition, but it is difficult to select a suitable carrier to attain maximum bioavailability and potential for a potent drug. Attaining a controlled and sustained release of a drug is purely focused on the selection of a carrier (natural, synthetic and hybrid) like nanosomes. Nanosomes have become a prominent tool in the field of pharmacy. Nanosomes are small uniform structures which deliver the drug to the specific targeted site, which mainly depends upon the presence of ligands, shape, size and surface chemistry. Nanosomes are available in various types which include Niosomes, Liposomes, Electrosomes, Aquasomes, Transfersomes, Phytosomes, Enzymosomes, Ethosomes, Invasome and Sphingosomes. In general, all these nanosomes are quite similar in nature with minute differences in their vesicular characteristics and composition. This review traces various ‘somes’ composition and their role in the formulation, applications, advantages, disadvantages, common formulation procedures and evaluation parameters.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF DOUBLE DIVISOR RATIO SPECTRA DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD FOR TERNARY MIXTURE OF DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE, DOXYLAMINE SUCCINATE AND PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: TARIGAN RIDA EVALINA , MUCHLISYAM  , SINAGA SITI MORIN , ALFIAN ZUL
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to develop spectrophotometry method by double divisor ratio spectra derivative to determine the levels of dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DEX), doxylamine succinate (DOX) and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSE) in tablet dosage form using ethanol as solvent. The method is based on the use of the coincident spectra of the derivative of the ratio spectra obtained using a double divisor and measuring at the wavelengths selected. Then, the method was applied to determine the levels of DEX, DOX and PSE in tablet dosage form. The selected wavelengths for determination of DEX, DOX and PSE are 277.0 nm, 243.0 nm, and 243.2 nm, respectively. The mean % recoveries were found to be in 100.88%, 100.05%, and 100.26% for DEX, DOX and PSE, respectively. The method is successfully applied to analyze DEX, DOX and PSE in pharmaceutical formulation with no interference from excipients as indicated by the recovery study. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range.
THE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF E-HEALTH LITERACY IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: AN AGENDA FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Authors: PUTRI K. Y. S. , ABDULLAH ZULHAMRI , ISTIYANTO S. BEKTI , ANUMUDU CHINEDU EUGENIA
Published: November 2020

As a promising area in healthcare research, electronic health (e-health) has received more research attention recently. The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a proposed conceptual framework for digital health literacy. This conceptual framework is planned as a guide for future studies to use and validated as a foundation for quantitative studies to investigate the e-Health Literacy as perceived by citizens in Asia amid the outback of the world’s high-risk pandemic crisis such as Coronavirus (Covid19). This conceptual analysis applied Technology Acceptance Model as a basis to develop the antecedents of a healthy lifestyle among the citizens of Asian countries. This conceptual paper proposed that Information quality, system quality, and service quality will affect the citizens’ perceived ease of use and their perceived usefulness, which can affect their intention to use e-health and consequently results in a healthy lifestyle among the citizens. This conceptual paper submitted research hypotheses that will be a basis for future researches in Asia and if the framework is validated, recommendations will be offered to various stakeholders on how to improve a healthy lifestyle in Asia. Specifically, the proposed conceptual framework if validated will help policymakers to offer positive policies and procedures for the improvement of thriving healthcare industries in Asia.
IN VITRO RELEASE PERFORMANCE OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE FORMULATIONS USING THE FLOW-THROUGH CELL METHOD
Authors: MEDINA-LÓPEZ JOSE RAUL , MEDINA-MORALES FRIDA IRIANA , GALVEZ LOMELIN RAFAEL ALONSO , RUIZ SEGURA JUAN CARLOS , HURTADO MARCELA
Published: November 2020

Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro release performance of metformin hydrochloride formulations (500-mg tablets) using the hydrodynamic environment of the flow-through cell method. Results were compared with those generated by the official dissolution test (USP basket apparatus).

Methods: The reference drug product and three generic formulations were tested with phosphate buffer pH 6.8 as dissolution medium. Dissolution profiles were carried out with an automated flow-through cell apparatus using laminar flow at 16 ml/min. Drug was quantified at 233 nm during 45 min. Dissolution profiles were compared with the calculation of f2 similarity factor, mean dissolution time, dissolution efficiency, t50% and t63.2%. Dissolution data were adjusted to several mathematical models such as Makoid-Banakar, Peppas-Sahlin, Weibull and Logistic.

Results: With the flow-through cell method and at 45 min less than 60% of metformin hydrochloride dissolved was found, while with the USP basket apparatus, less than 75% of the drug was found. Some generic formulations showed f2>50 with both USP apparatuses, but statistical comparisons of parameters indicated significant differences between their dissolution profiles and reference. Due to variability obtained no dissolution profiles were compared by model-dependent approach.

Conclusion: To demonstrate safe interchangeability between metformin hydrochloride generic formulations and reference bioequivalence studies should be performed. It is important post-marketing monitoring of the commercial formulations because health regulatory agencies of each country must ensure drug products with quality, safety, and efficacy at the lowest possible cost.
SELECTION OF THE COMPOSITION OF A LIPOSOMAL DOSAGE FORM OF A RUSSIAN SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE WITH ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY
Authors: DMITRIEVA MARIA , SHPRAKH ZOYA , ORLOVA OLGA , IGNATYEVA ELENA , LANTSOVA ANNA , NIKOLAEVA LUDMILA , KRASNYUK IVAN
Published: November 2020

Objective: Was to create the composition of the liposomal pharmaceutical form for injections of somatostatin analogue cyphetrylin using soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC).

Methods: The cyphetrylin, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), developed in the Chemical Synthesis Laboratory, the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; SPC and polyethylene glycol-2000-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE, Lipoid, Germany); cholesterol ≥99% (Sigma-Aldrich, Japan). The lipid film hydration method with subsequent liposomal dispersion filtration/extrusion through nylon membrane filters was used for the phospholipid vesicle production. Based on API and lipid components in different molar ratios, we studied over 15 model liposomal compositions and assessed each lipid's impact in use on quality attributes of resulting dispersions. Derived model samples of liposomal dispersion were estimated in terms of quality and efficiency of cyphetrylin encapsulation into vesicles, their average size and the surface charge (zeta potential), polydispersity index (PDI) and dispersion viscosity. We used spectral photometry, dispersion laser spectroscopy, electrophoretic particle mobility assay, and viscometry to assess these features.

Results: Pharmaceutical form components' desirable molar ratios determined: cyphetrylin/SPC at 1:60.0 and SPC/cholesterol/PEG-DSPE at 1:0.2:0.004, were determined. This composition allows cyphetrylin liposomal dispersion production with relatively stable vesicles of uniform size, 176 nm in diameter, and a 100% maximum rate of API encapsulation into the bilayer.

Conclusion: Technological and chemical/pharmaceutical studies resulted in selecting a preferable composition of an injectable liposomal pharmaceutical form model of somatostatin analog-based on the SPC.
Трансформация органических соединений при обеззараживании питьевой воды
Authors: Детенчук Е.А. , Лебедев А.Т.
Published: November 2020

Качество питьевой воды – один из важнейших показателей сохранения здоровья населения. Наиболее распространенным способом дезинфекции питьевой воды является ее хлорирование. Однако обработка природных вод хлором с одной стороны обеспечивает эпидемиологическую безопасность, а с другой – приводит к образованию разнообразных хлорорганических соединений, которые оказывают негативное влияние на здоровье человека. Источником этих ксенобиотиков являются как природные органические вещества (гумус), так и антропогенные соединения, присутствующие в природной воде. К настоящему времени обнаружено более 700 побочных продуктов дезинфекции (ППД), причем токсикологические характеристики большинства из них остаются неизученными. Методы хромато-масс-спектрометрии показали себя наиболее эффективными в выявлении новых и определении нормируемых ППД. Эти же методы используются и для установления механизмов водного хлорирования органических соединений.
Особенности экстракции U(VI), Th(IV) и РЗЭ(III) производными 2-((дифенилфосфорил)метоксифенил)дифенил­фосфиноксида
Authors: Сафиулина А.М. , Борисова Н.Е. , Лизунов А.В. , Семенов А.А. , Григорьев М.С. , Баулин Д.В. , Баулин В.Е. , Цивадзе А.Ю.
Published: November 2020

С целью поиска новых эффективных экстрагентов для f-элементов в настоящей работе проведено сравнительное изучение ряда 1,4 дифосфорильных соединений, включающих 2-((дифенилфосфорил)метоксифенил)дифенилфосфиноксид 1 и его аналоги 5–7, в которых группа фосфиноксидного типа заменена на фосфоновые фрагменты. Выполнено квантово-­химическое моделирование структур фосфорилподандов 1 и 5–7, которые впоследствии были подтверждены данными рентгено-­структурного анализа. Исследованы особенности экстракции азотной кислоты, а также U(VI), Th(IV), Nd(III) и Ho(III) из азотнокислых сред в 1,2 дихлор­этан. Определен состав экстрагируемых комплексов.
Entropy Assessment of the Quality and Resource of the Steel Structure Functional Properties
Authors: Belykh V. V. , Murav’ev V. V. , Stepanov V. A.
Published: November 2020

При проведении металлографического анализа возникают трудности в инвариантном воспроизведении его структуры, поскольку для одного и того же металла наблюдаются различные изображения, что создает неопределенность в идентификации структуры. В статье представлены информационные параметры энтропийной модели, полученные в результате мультифрактальной параметризации термообработанной стали 60С2А.Получены оценки качества структуры и ресурса функциональных свойств стали, установлен режим термообработки, обеспечивающий оптимальную структуру стали 60С2А. Управляющие параметры режима термообработки: различный состав и температура закалочной среды, температура отпуска.Выделяются три группы структурных состояний термообработанной стали по «норме хаотичности» поведения активных элементов структуры по отношению к равновесному состоянию стали:– значительный рост энтропии Ht = 17 при незначительной величине параметра порядка KS = 0,02…0,04; запас информационной памяти 30..32 %;– незначительное изменение энтропии Ht = 15,5…15,8; параметр порядка KS = 0,05…0,13; запас информационной памяти 16..21 %;– снижение энтропии Ht = 12,6…13,6 при неизменном параметре порядка KS = 0,04; запас информационной памяти 4…7 %.Наблюдается экстремальный характер изменения энтропии в зависимости от величины концентрации водного раствора ПЗЖ закалочной среды. Экстремальный характер изменения энтропии возникает в интервале 6…11 % ПЗЖ в результате смены типа самоорганизации – перехода от термодинамического при содержании 0…6 % ПЗЖ к динамическому при содержании 11…12 % ПЗЖ. В интервале 0…11 % ПЗЖ величина параметра порядка практически неизменна, в то же время происходят заметные изменения энтропии.Результаты исследования энтропийной модели структуры термообработанной стали 60С2А позволяют сделать вывод о возможности создания классификационной таблицы структурных состояний стали на основе информационной энтропии и параметра порядка, оценки запаса информационной памяти качества функциональных свойств структуры для прогнозирования надежности эксплуатации.
Influence of Polishing and Etching Modes for Fragile Non-Metallic Parts Made of Quartz Glass on the Quality of the Treated Surface
Authors: Basharova A. A. , Shchenyatskiy A. V.
Published: November 2020

В составе современных навигационных изделий широкое применение находят гироскопы, основным элементом которых является чувствительный элемент – резонатор, выполненный из изотропных оптических материалов. Качество обработки поверхностей резонатора влияет на долговременную стабильность работы гироскопа и точность работы навигационной системы. Для достижения высокого качества поверхности применяются различные методы по обработке заготовки, одним из которых является метод удаления нарушенного слоя путем повторения операций механической и химической обработки.Рассматривается влияние режимов обработки деталей из кварцевого стекла на шероховатость поверхности при выполнении операций полирования и травления в растворах кислот. Финишная обработка применяется к осесимметричным телам вращения. Проведены эксперименты по полированию образцов из кварцевого стекла с учетом факторов, влияющих на качество поверхности. Подробно рассмотрено влияние полировальной суспензии на сам процесс, при этом учтены такие факторы, как геометрия и шероховатость поверхности перед обработкой, качество инструмента для полирования, время обработки и относительные частоты вращения детали и инструмента. Частота вращения детали и инструмента назначена на основе данных о геометрии инструмента для полирования деталей из кварцевого стекла, разработанной математической модели движения единичного зерна абразива, а также его траектории для инструмента и детали. Оценена шероховатость поверхности при помощи зондового сканирующего микроскопа.Данные исследования направлены на улучшение качества поверхности при физических и химических методах воздействия на деталь, а также обеспечения высокой геометрической точности обработки и качества поверхности без микротрещин и царапин.
Engineering Synthesis of VHF Antenna Matching Structures with Feeder Line Segments
Authors: Verba B. P. , Shishakov K. V.
Published: November 2020

Системно рассмотрены инженерные методы синтеза структур согласования УКВ-антенн с использованием отрезков фидерных линий. При этом выбор согласующих структур ограничен применением реактивных элементов и отрезков линий передачи. Обсуждаются возможности и варианты расширения частотной полосы пассивного согласования на таких элементах. Наглядность материала обеспечивается его представлением на комплексной диаграмме Смита.Для использования эквивалентных электрических схем с сосредоточенными реактивными элементами приведены варианты их аналогов в виде шлейфов из замкнутых и разомкнутых отрезков линий передачи, а также показаны возможности создания эквивалентных последовательных и параллельных колебательных контуров с помощью агрегированных двухэлементных шлейфов.Рассмотрено создание реактивных сопротивлений с помощью вставок из отрезков линий. Выбором параметров последовательно включенных вставок можно создавать разные эквивалентные структуры из последовательно и параллельно включенных емкостей и индуктивностей, последовательных и параллельных колебательных контуров. Вставка отрезка линии передачи после нагрузки дополнительно позволяет перераспределять активную и реактивную составляющие входного сопротивления без изменения КСВ, включая изменение знака реактивной составляющей. При этом для упрощения реализации широкополосного согласующего устройства рекомендуется входное сопротивление перемещать ближе к горизонтальной оси в левой полуплоскости диаграммы Смита, так как в ней сопротивление изменяется меньше по сравнению с правой полуплоскостью.С помощью диаграммы Смита приведены разные варианты синтеза двухэлементных согласующих структур с использованием отрезков линий передачи, приведены методики их расчета. Обсуждается задача расширения полосы согласования на основе многоконтурных схем со структурой полосовых фильтров. Для иллюстрации влияния структуры согласующего устройства на ширину полосы согласования представлены результаты моделирования инженерно предложенных структур для случая укороченной антенны.