bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wearable-Derived Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Increased risk of C-Reactive Protein Elevation after Interventions in a Placebo- Controlled Vaccine Trial Among Young Adults
Authors: Wang Chunxue , Mariani Sara , Damiano Robert J. , Lajevardi-Khosh Arad , Silva Ikaro , Ruebush Laura E. , McFarlane Daniel , Deutz Nicolaas E. P. , Conroy Bryan
Published: December 2024

Inadequate sleep has been associated with an increased risk of mortality and various health issues, but the role of sleep metrics from wearables in public health remains unclear. C-reactive protein (CRP), a systemic marker of inflammation, has been linked to numerous health outcomes. We hypothesized that sleep duration is associated with an inflammation response triggered by experimental interventions. We studied 195 healthy adults, aged 18–40 years, in a placebo-controlled intervention vaccination trial. The participant’s sleep was monitored over 14 days at baseline prior to intervention using Oura rings. Plasma hs-CRP levels were measured on the same day prior to the intervention and 2 days post-intervention. Associations of sleep duration and hs-CRP levels after interventions were investigated by regression models adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, interventions (vaccination or placebo), and averaged daily steps. We found that shorter wearable-derived Total Sleep Time (TST) and Total Time in Bed (TIB), as well as subjectively assessed sleep duration from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), are independently associated with a higher risk of CRP elevation after interventions. Our study suggests that sleep deprivation could be a risk factor for an increased inflammatory response and highlights a potential application of wearable-derived sleep metrics in public health.
Comparative Analysis of Radiation, Lymph Node Dissection, and Metastatic Positive Rate on Prognosis in T3-4N+ Gastric Cancer and Gastroesophageal Junction: A Study Based on SEER Database and External Validation in China
Authors: tian chenrui , MCM Haodi Yu , Zhang Qingyu , Cang Shundong
Published: December 2024

Background
Adjuvant radiotherapy and neoadjuvant radiation are recognized as a pivotal therapeutic modality capable of augmenting the overall survival (OS) outcomes in patients afflicted with gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJ) at the T3-4N+ stage. However, the number of regional nodes examined (RNE) and the metastasis lymph node ratio (MLR) exert discernible impacts on the prognosis of such patients. Our study exploredthe relationship between radiotherapy and surgery, assesses RNE and MLR prognostic significance, and developed a nomogram for predicting 5-year survival in T3-4N+ gastric cancer patients.
Patients and Methods
The nomogram of gastric cancer was built using GEJ patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, with our institutional cohort used exclusively for validation. All other analyses, such as restricted cubic splines (RCS) and competing risk curves, were conducted using SEER data.
RESULTS
Radiotherapy: Esophageal adenocarcinoma located at the GEJ demonstrated a better response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy(p<0.001), while those in the cardia and gastric adenocarcinoma did not exhibit improved outcomes. Surgery and lymph nodes: For gastric adenocarcinoma and cardia cancer, the removal of more than 36-37 lymph nodes may not offer additional benefit, similarly, the removal of 28-29 lymph nodes may provide no further survival advantage for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
First, the nomogram of T3-4N+ gastric cancer demonstrated relatively good accuracy. Second, for both esophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma, surgical approach did not significantly improve patient survival. For gastric junction tumors, removing more than 36-37 lymph nodes may not improve survival. Similarly, exceeding 28-29 lymph node removals may also show no added benefit for esophageal tumors.
Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Risk Assessment in Infants Under 2.5kg
Authors: O'Byrne Michael L. , Boscamp Nicholas S. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Rahman Grace R. , Barry Oliver M. , Batlivala Sarosh P. , Bergersen Lisa , Bjornlund Elsa , Bocks Martin L. , Doyle Thomas P. , Farias Michael , Goldstein Bryan , Holzer Ralf J. , Reddy Suren Veeram , Salavitabar Arash , Sathanandam Shyam , Whiteside Wendy , Quinn Brian P.
Published: December 2024

Background: Premature and small-for-gestational-age neonates with congenital heart disease increasingly require congenital cardiac catheterization (CCC). These patients present unique procedural and patient-specific risks that standard risk models do not fully capture.
Objectives: This study aims to assess risk in infants <2.5 kg undergoing CCC, further stratifying by procedural type to better understand predictors of clinically meaningful adverse events (CMAE).
Methods: Patient and Procedural data were collected on diagnostic and interventional catheterization procedures for infants <2.5 kg from the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes (C3PO) registry between 2014–2022. Cases were stratified into historical (2014–2018) and modern (2019–2022) eras and further categorized into PDA closure and ‘All Other Cases’. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between covariates and the risk of CMAE.
Results: Analysis included 1,345 cases. In the modern era, PDA closures (n=898, 66.8%) had a lower CMAE rate at 3.6% versus 8.1% for ‘All Other Cases’ (P<0.001). Among ‘All Other Cases’ (n=447) 23% were diagnostic and 77% interventional, with CMAE rates of 7.7% and 6.4%, respectively. CMAE types varied, with PDA cases mainly experiencing respiratory events (22%) and ‘All Other Cases’ showing higher rates of access complications (27%) and arrhythmias (29%).
Conclusion: Risk in infants <2.5 kg undergoing CCC is heavily dependent on procedural type and specific patient factors, highlighting the need for tailored risk assessment tools. This study, the largest to date in this population, emphasizes the importance of individualized care plans to improve outcomes.
LLMs and Academic Writing in Practice: Exploring Participants’ Utilization of GPT during an AI-Assisted Course on Writing Research Papers
Authors: Salimi Esmaeel Ali , Hajinia Mahdi
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the integration of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models in scholarly writing instruction, aiming to understand their perceived positive and negative impacts on academic writing. The research employs a phenomenographic design to study the practical implications of such models in real classrooms. The course design involves five sessions, each focusing on specific sections of a research paper, with activities using GPT integrated into classes and home projects. The methodology comprehensively investigates the impact of GPT-4 on scholarly writing, with a phenomenographic perspective towards participant selection, data collection, and research design. The study reveals the multifaceted ways in which GPT models contribute to the productivity and efficiency of writing research papers, highlighting both the advantages and challenges associated with their use. The findings underscore the transformative potential of AI in education, emphasizing the need for educators and researchers to understand and maximize the benefits of GPT models.
Investigating the effect of high-rise construction compared to flat construction on the amount of heating and cooling energy consumption in the buildings, considering the comfort PMV index: A case study
Authors: Safikhani Hamed , Rezaei Kimiya , Farahani Mohammad , Minaei Asgar
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the approaches of living in high-rise buildings versus flat and independent buildings have their respective supporters and critics. In this article, the cooling and heating energy consumption in high-rise and flat buildings is compared, considering the comfort Fanger index. The energy consumption for heating and cooling is examined across eight different building scenarios with varying numbers of floors and three different climatic scenarios, all with consideration of the PMV comfort index. The eight scenarios include buildings ranging from a single-story flat and independent structure up to 50 floors. The three climate scenarios represent the cities of Yazd (hot), Arak (moderate), and Shahr-e Kord (cold) are modelled and compared using Design Builder software. In the results section, the details of cooling and heating load of all building and urban scenarios are presented and discussed along with the amount of Fanger comfort index and electricity and gas consumption in all days and months of the year. The results show that in terms of energy consumption, the number of common walls is more important than the number of floors, and buildings without common walls (single floors) can have 58.9% and 67.1% more load and energy consumption in heating and cooling, respectively.
Mycotoxins Present in the Indoor Air of a Music School Repurposed from an Atomic Shelter
Authors: Majić Ivona , Krivohlavek Adela , Andrić Elvira Kovač , Godec Ranka
Published: December 2024

Clean air is essential for human well-being, especially indoors. Indoor air quality has a significant impact on human health and there is concern about the health effects of exposure to airborne bacteria and fungi. The World Health Organization has warned of adverse health effects associated with building moisture and biological agents. Mold growth due to indoor moisture affects a significant percentage of buildings worldwide, leading to increased health risks, especially for children. It is crucial to work on implementing effective solutions to create healthier indoor environments for children worldwide.
This study investigates the adverse health effects of total indoor air bacteria and molds and potential exposure to mycotoxins, which are products of airborne molds, on school-aged children. The study was conducted in the Music School in Zagreb, where children spend a few hours a day in a space originally designed as a nuclear shelter, without external openings, and the findings strongly suggest that the airborne mold levels in the music classroom are consistently distributed due to the shared air conditioning and ventilation system shared with the outdoor environment.The presence of a few isolated molds, with lower concentrations than outdoors, may be attributable to the regular use of air dehumidifiers. Low concentrations of airborne mold may pose a health risk for atopic children who are particularly susceptible to fungal spores, especially in environments contaminated with mycotoxin-producing fungi, further contribute to indoor air pollution.
Torsional behavior due to infill walls: A Comparative Analysis of Seismic Codes in Nepal, India, China, and Pakistan
Authors: Paudel Ganesh , Paudel Bijay , Adhikari Abhishek , Paudel Achyut
Published: December 2024

The seismic performance of buildings in the Himalayan region is of critical importance due to the high seismicity in the area. Infill walls play a significant role in the overall behavior of structures, particularly in terms of torsional response during earthquakes. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of seismic codes commonly employed in the Himalayan region, focusing on their provisions for addressing the torsional behavior induced by infill walls. By employing analytical techniques and numerical simulations, the study compares seismic codes of Nepal, India, China, and Pakistan, region lying in Trans-Himalaya region. Infill walls were modelled as struts using ETABS software. The position of infill walls was changed to vary the eccentricity of the building. Eight different models were modelled in ETABS for each seismic code. Altogether 32 models were modelled altogether. Various parameters influenced by seismic action were compared for these countries. Base Shear, Displacement and Inter-storey drift were calculated for each seismic code and compared. Base shear obtained from NBC 105: 2020 (Nepal) (2929 kN – 3365 kN) was maximum followed by GB 50011 − 2010 (China)(2777 kN – 3171 kN), BCP-2021 (Pakistan)(2651 kN – 3069 kN) and IS 1893:2016 (India)(2507 kN – 2883 kN). Similarly, displacement was maximum for NBC 105: 2020 (Nepal) followed by BCP 2021 (Pakistan), GB 50011 − 2010 (China), and IS 1893:2016 (India). Drift was in a similar pattern as in displacement.
Study on the Application of Microvolume Swim-Up Technique in In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Su Xing , Yu Wanying , Cui Jing , Peng Yang , Zhao Tianqi , Li Yunqi , Zhao Mingjia
Published: December 2024

Objective: To investigate the impact of microvolume swim-up (MSU) as an enhanced semen processing approach in conventional in vitro fertilization (c-IVF) cycles, particularly in cases with low total progressively motile sperm cell count (TPMC).
Design: A retrospective cohort study comparing the outcomes of MSU-processed semen (M-IVF group) with those of traditional swim-up (TSU)-processed semen (T-IVF group) in c-IVF cycles, and an ICSI reference group with similar TPMC range of M-IVF group.
Subjects: Patients undergoing c-IVF from July 2020 to June 2023 were classified into the M-IVF (TPMC 0.5×106 to <2×106) and T-IVF (TPMC ≥ 2×106) groups. An ICSI group (January 2017 to December 2019, TPMC 0.5×106 to <2×106) served as a comparator.
Intervention: MSU was implemented as an alternative semen processing method for c-IVF in cases with suboptimal TPMC, aiming to avoid intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Main Outcome Measures: Assessed outcomes included normal fertilization rate, early rescue ICSI (E-RICSI) rate, high-quality embryo rate, blastocyst formation rate, transferable embryo rate, oocyte utilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, and live birth rate.
Results: Comparable results were observed between M-IVF and T-IVF groups in all measured outcomes, demonstrating non-significant differences. In contrast, the ICSI group exhibited significantly lower transferable embryo and oocyte utilization rates (P < 0.05). M-IVF and T-IVF groups displayed non-significant trends towards improved clinical pregnancy and live birth rates compared to ICSI (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Microvolume swim-up effectively mitigates the need for ICSI in selected c-IVF cases with low TPMC, maintaining equivalent fertilization efficiency, embryo quality, and clinical outcomes, thereby suggesting its suitability as an optimized semen processing strategy.
To Develop and Validate a Nomogram Model for Predicting High Volume (＞5) Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: Guo Xuan , Zhang Fenghua
Published: December 2024

Objectives
To develop a nomogram model for predicting the risk of high volume (>5) of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and to evaluate the effectiveness of the model in clinical application, in order to achieve the goal of initial risk stratification of patients with PTMC, individualized design of the scope of surgery, and reduction the incidence of secondary surgery in patients with PTMC by the clinicians.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics of patients with PTMC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between January 2016 and December 2020 and the clinical case data of patients who presented to the Gland Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, underwent surgical treatment, and were ultimately pathologically diagnosed with PTMC between January 2021 and December 2023.The clinicopathological characteristics included in the training group were screened using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, to determine the independent risk factors for high volume CLNM in patients with PTMC, and to construct a nomogram model for predicting high volume CLNM.
Results
The male gender, lager tumor size(>5mm), multifocality, and extra-thyroidal invasion were independent risk factors for high volume CLNM in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. In contrast, elderly age(≥ 55years) at diagnosis was identified as a protective factor.Based on these independent risk factors, a nomogram model was further constructed to predict high volume CLNM.
Conclusions
1 Male, large tumor diameter (>5mm), multifocal, and extra-thyroidal invasion were independent risk factors for high volume CLNM of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. In contrast, age ≥ 55 at the time of diagnosis was identified as a protective factor.2 The clinical prediction model based on the above mentioned factors has good predictive value, and provides a better individualized clinical decision for the management of PTMC patients by surgeons.
Modelling the impact of healthcare worker masking to reduce nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission under varying adherence, prevalence, and transmission settings.
Authors: Whiteley Timothy , Stimson James , Brown Colin , Robotham Julie , Evans Stephanie
Published: December 2024

Objectives
To understand the scenarios where health care worker (HCW) masking is most impactful for preventing nosocomial transmission.
Methods
A mathematical agent-based model of nosocomial spread with masking interventions was used. Masking adherence, community prevalence, disease transmissibility and proportion of breakroom (unmasked) interactions were varied. The effectiveness of masks for reducing transmission to and from the wearer was also varied. The main outcome measure is the total number of nosocomial infections in patients and health care worker populations over a simulated three-month period.
Results
HCW masking around patients and universal HCW masking reduces median patient nosocomial infections by 15% and 18% respectively. HCW-HCW interactions are the dominant source of HCW infections and universal HCW masking reduces HCW nosocomial infections by 55%. Increasing adherence shows a roughly linear reduction in infections. Even in scenarios where a high proportion of interactions are unmasked ‘breakroom’ interactions, masking is still an effective tool assuming adherence is high outside of these areas. The optimal scenarios where masking is most impactful are those where community prevalence is at a medium level (around 2%) and transmissibility is high.
Conclusions
Masking by HCWs is an effective way to reduce nosocomial transmission to both patients and, especially, HCWs at all levels of mask effectiveness and adherence. Increases in adherence to a masking policy can provide a small but important impact. HCW-HCW transmission is the dominant source of HCW infections so universal HCW masking policies are most impactful should policy makers wish to target HCW infections. The more transmissible a virus/ variant in circulation is the more impactful masking by HCWs is for reducing nosocomial infections. Policy makers should consider implementing masking at the point when community prevalence is optimum for maximum impact.
Sparse Full-Dimensional Self-attention: Used for Long-Term Human Posture Prediction
Authors: Li Xianhua , liu zhen , Tian ShuoYu
Published: December 2024

Researchers have conducted extensive investigations into transformers, which exhibit strong performance in time series prediction problems. Nevertheless, existing methodologies still encounter challenges when it comes to capturing long-range dependencies. In this study, we introduce a novel sparse full-dimensional attention mechanism known as the "Amformer" to address this issue and enable accurate long-term human movement prediction. The core of the Amformer lies in establishing relationships between feature vectors at the current time and those at different time points, facilitating the efficient fusion of spatiotemporal features. This approach excels at capturing dependencies over extended distances, resulting in more precise predictive outcomes. We propose an uncorrelated initialization strategy for the network to reduce convolutional ambiguity concerning time features effectively. Furthermore, we introduce a time enhancement method to prevent prediction results from converging to a specific intermediate attitude. This method proves beneficial in mitigating the issue of the network gravitating towards an intermediate stance during the prediction process, thereby enhancing the stability and accuracy of prediction results. Our proposed approach outperformed benchmark methods in long-term prediction tasks, as validated through experiments on the Human3.6M dataset.
Unveiling the Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trends of Total Phosphorus in the Yangtze River: Towards a Predictive Time-Series Modeling for Environmental Management
Authors: Ma Tianqi , Chen Xing , Xie Fazhi , Zhao Jiyang , Zhang Zihan , Fu Xinyi , Dong Xiang , Chen Jiawen , Irfan Muhammad , Zheng Liugen
Published: December 2024

The accurate prediction of total phosphorus in water quality is crucial for monitoring ecosystem stability and eutrophication status. However, the distribution of natural environmental data such as water quality total phosphorus (TP) often undergoes complex changes over time. Stable and reliable predictive outcomes not only necessitate a degree of stability and periodicity within the natural data, but also require that TP prediction models exhibit strong adaptability to the random fluctuations and distribution drifts of environmental data. Therefore, adapting predictive models to accommodate distribution drifts in natural environmental data presents a challenge. This study provides a detailed description of the spatiotemporal variations of TP in the Yangtze River from 2019 to 2023. Utilizing data cleaning and data mining techniques, time series data were analyzed to generate a predictive dataset, with a particular emphasis on investigating the stability and periodicity of TP fluctuations. By comparing various time series forecasting models, the MTS-Mixers was ultimately selected as the experimental baseline model, and different modes were employed for time series prediction. The results demonstrate that the model maintains relatively high prediction accuracy within 20 time steps. The research findings not only offer a comprehensive description and reliable prediction of TP variations in the Yangtze River, but also provide effective methods and tools for water quality monitoring and management. They serve as a scientific basis for environmental protection and water quality improvement in the Yangtze River Basin, facilitating the formulation and implementation of relevant policies and advancing the sustainable development of the Yangtze River water environment. Furthermore, the study also confirms the applicability of machine learning in hydrological forecasting, which can be utilized for addressing environmental changes. Future research directions include ensuring the stability of critical monitoring data and exploring time-domain sub-band reconstruction methods to better understand the frequency characteristics of time series data, revealing hidden information and features.
Urban tourism: main trends in the post-crisis period
Authors:   nstitute of Water and Environmental Problems, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mirzekhanova Zoya
Published: December 2024

In the context of tourism development, the article outlines consequences of the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and the current geopolitical situation. The article emphasizes that cities play a crucial role in the revival of tourism. The purpose of the study is to identify guidelines for the development of urban tourism, which acts as a catalyst for innovation and integration of new technologies into the industry. The results are based on the analysis of publicly available materials from international, national and departmental official Internet portals in the tourism sector provided. The study identified the main prerequisites for the successful development of urban tourism: initial potential; analysis of the “lessons” taught by external and internal circumstances and their benefits; knowledge of innovative solutions. The article overviews the main trends in the tourism development that determine its current post-crisis state. The article concludes that the main guidelines for improving the tourism strategy in the urbanized environment are in compliance with the new realities of global development and aimed at strengthening the position of the recreation sector.
. Ensuring fire safety at cultural heritage sites of the Museum-reserve of the heroic defense and liberation of Sevastopol
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Matveev Vladimir , Nichkova Larisa ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the fire safety of cultural heritage sites within the Sevastopol Museum-Reserve of Heroic Defense and Liberation, identifying significant non-compliance with fire safety regulations. The underlying causes of these deficiencies were analyzed, and practical measures were developed to enhance fire safety and strengthen structural elements without compromising the sites’ protected status. Individual fire risk assessments and hazard factor analyses were conducted. The results validated the proposed improvements and demonstrated their effectiveness in achieving fire safety compliance. These findings provide practical recommendations applicable both to existing cultural heritage sites and the planning stages of new projects.
Improving Working Conditions for Healthcare Workers: Relevance and Perspectives
Authors:   State Scientific Research and Test Institute of Military Medicine Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Tsutsiev Sergej
Published: December 2024

This article examines the challenges of establishing standards to improve working conditions for healthcare workers. The study critically analyzes the relevance of recent amendments and the extent to which the new Occupational Safety Regulations for Medical Organizations meet current safety and hygiene standards. The research employed methods of scientific analysis, comparison, justification, expert review, and literature review. The study shows that improving working conditions for healthcare workers remains a crucial issue. However, the new requirements in the Occupational Safety Regulations for Medical Organizations, intended to address this issue, do not align with current understandings of occupational safety or the needs of modern medical organizations. The article concludes that even under the most optimistic scenario, significant improvements in working conditions for healthcare personnel are unlikely in the near future. Considering recent events (particularly the COVID-19 pandemic), this situation may be viewed as an unfavorable prognostic factor.
The role of cetuximab in treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Koroleva I. A. , Kopp M. V.
Published: December 2024

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is one of the causes of cancer mortality. The mortality rate of patients within a year from the moment of diagnosis reaches 27% in patients with tumors of the oral cavity and 35.2% in patients with tumors of the pharynx. Despite the visual localization of SCCHN more than 50% of patients at the time of diagnosis are not subject to radical surgical treatment. More than half of the patients develop relapses of SCCHN within 3 years after the end of radical treatment. Most patients with SCCHN receive antitumor drug therapy either when an unresectable/metastatic tumor is detected or when a relapse develops after previously performed radical treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed in almost 100% SCCHN and its expression is generally associated with decreased overall survival and progression-free survival. EGFR is a target receptor for targeted drugs. Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks EGFR. The review examines the role of cetuximab in the treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic SCCHN in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The main undesirable phenomenon of cetuximab is dermatological toxicity: acne-like rash, dry skin, paronychia. Preventive therapy, including the antibiotic doxycycline, avoids the development of dermatological toxicity of 2–3 degrees. One of the most important biological processes involved in the progression of SCCHN is tumor escape from immune response associated with the expression of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), which inhibits the anti-tu mor immune response. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab has shown a significant improvement in the survival of patients with progressing SCCHN after previously performed chemotherapy with the inclusion of cisplatin. Pembrolizumab in combination with cytostatics is an effective first-line therapy regimen for SCCHN in the presence of PD-L1 expression (CPS ≥ 1). In approximately 10–20% of patients, effective therapy changes due to poor tolerability. Timely prevention and relief of adverse events, control of disease manifestations, and a multidisciplinary approach to the patient make it possible to achieve optimal treatment results.
The experience of using chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer with the FOLFOX chemotherapy regimen
Authors: Toneev E. A. , Dengina N. V. , Shagdaleev R. F. , Prokhorov D. D. , Martynov A. A. , Anokhina E. P.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. For an extended period, numerous studies have been conducted to find the optimal treatment regimen for esophageal cancer. Chemoradiotherapy has demonstrated satisfactory results in the treatment of localized and locally advanced forms of this disease. However, the search for the best chemotherapy regimen in combination with radiotherapy remains a current focus of many researchers.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using the FOLFOX regimen in patients with esophageal cancer.

Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted at the Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary. The analysis included patients who received chemoradiotherapy with the FOLFOX regimen from December 1, 2022, to March 1, 2024. A total of 19 cases of esophageal cancer treatment at stages I–III were analyzed. Radical surgical treatment was subsequently performed on 5 patients (26.3%). The characteristics of the studied patients were evaluated according to a standardized protocol.

Results. In the study group, 18 patients (94.7%) completed the planned course of treatment. One patient received an incomplete course of radiotherapy but completed the entire planned chemotherapy. The most common hematologic complication was leukopenia, observed in 9 patients (47.3%) after the full course of chemoradiotherapy. No cases of febrile neutropenia were reported. The hematologic complications were manageable and did not lead to the discontinuation of treatment. Among non-hematologic complications, the most frequently reported were grade 1–2 nausea in 11 patients (58%) and grade 1–2 vomiting in only 2 cases (10%), which was effectively controlled with antiemetic therapy. Overall and relapse-free survival were assessed. The reason for discontinuing radiotherapy in 1 patient (5.3%) was ulcerative stomatitis. Surgery was performed on 5 patients, with tumor regression (TRG) grades 1–2 according to the Mandard scale observed in 4 of them (80%). One patient (20%) had a TRG 3 response.

Conclusions. After chemoradiotherapy with the FOLFOX regime in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, the rate of therapeutic tumor regression (TRG1–2) in operated patients reached 80%. One-year relapse-free survival was 58%, one-year overall survival was 73%, indicating the effectiveness and safety of this chemotherapy regimen as part of the comprehensive treatment of esophageal cancer.
The possibilities of assessing regional risk factors for lung cancer
Authors: Kapralov S. V. , Kustodov S. V. , Konopatskova O. M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Lung cancer remains one of the main causes of death for a long period of time. The existing screening methods are ambiguous. The presence of patients with metastatic stage of lung cancer justifies the creation of an optimal program for more accurate formation of risk groups. It is of interest to determine the intensity of the impact on the incidence rate from the point of view of both clarifying the parameters of urban pollution, but also a detailed analysis of other factors at the regional level.

Aim. To identify the main potential risk factors in Saratov patients diagnosed with lung cancer, taking into account the ecological and geographical features of their place of residence in order to further create a model of active disease search by risk groups.

Materials and methods. The complex of factors influencing the development of lung cancer among the population of Saratov has been studied. A group of 1049 patients was analyzed. The distribution of patients across urban landscape areas of the city has been determined depending on the impact of certain adverse environmental factors. To detail the remaining factors, the main group included 200 patients with the specified diagnosis who underwent outpatient and inpatient treatment in oncological institutions. All data was collected using official statistical documents and a medical information system.

Results. When conducting a subgroup analysis by parameters (gender, age, localization and clinical form of the cancer process, stage of the disease, the patient’s attitude to smoking, body mass index, occupational hazards, the presence of oncopathology in the history of the patient and his relatives, the presence of chronic lung disease), the main patterns and features were identified depending on the histological variant. Given the complexity of the interaction of risk factors in the development of lung cancer, it becomes necessary to conduct further research to form a model questionnaire for lung cancer risk based on multifactorial analysis.

Conclusion. The formation of a more precise risk group will increase the percentage of detection of early stages of lung cancer.
NTRK translocation: from general to specific
Authors: Soloveva M. V. , Laktionov K. K. , Sarantseva K. A. , Gordiev M. G.
Published: December 2024

The molecular-genetic profile of lung cancer is highly diverse, complicating the formation of a unified patient portrait and necessitating the incorporation of specific genetic testing into diagnosis. There are key mechanisms for the activation of oncogenes, including point mutations, copy number changes (amplifications), and fusions, which are observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Modern molecular-targeted therapy for patients with NSCLC increases the duration of disease control and, in some cases, can transform a once-fatal disease into a chronic condition. Currently, the standard testing panel includes the identification of mutations in the EGFR gene (exons 18–21), ALK translocations, ROS1 translocations, and BRAF V600E mutations. However, less common alterations such as RET and NTRK translocations also occur. The use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows for the identification of rarer genetic alterations. NTRK gene fusions are considered oncogenic factors for various solid tumors in both adults and children. The prevalence of NTRK gene alterations varies by tumor type. However, in lung cancer, this type of genetic alteration is rare, with an overall prevalence of less than 3%, and typically the occurrence rate is less than 1%. Currently, three drugs have been included in international clinical guidelines as potential treatment options for NTRK translocations, demonstrating their effectiveness. Several other drugs are at various stages of clinical trials. In this review, we will highlight the existing data for a better understanding of the patient profile with NTRK and present a clinical case.
Genomic characteristics of Russian patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Results of next-generation sequencing testing
Authors: Laktionov K. K. , Gordiev M. G. , Sarantseva K. A. , Demidova I. A. , Stroganova A. M. , Filipenko M. L. , Zhusina Yu. G. , Karaseva V. V. , Kutirina E. B. , Kazakov A. M. , Soloveva M. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a molecular approach that can provide clinicians with comprehensive information about a patient’s molecular profile, which is an important aspect of the effective application of targeted therapy.

Aim. To assess the frequency of tumor somatic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a cohort of Russian patients to subsequently optimize diagnostics and personalize treatment strategies.

Materials and methods. The study included the results of NGS testing from a cohort of 1.400 NSCLC patients between March 17, 2023, and July 22, 2024. Several other clinics across the country participated in this multicenter study. Panels with various options for identifying potential genetic alterations were used. An analysis of the frequency of various alterations was conducted based on the panel used, clinical characteristics of the patients, considering the geographical and ethnographic diversity of the regions in the country.

Results. Mutations were most frequently found in the KRAS (17.9%) and EGFR (15.8%) genes, particularly among never-smoker women. The frequency of rare mutations such as RET, MET, and NTRK corresponds to literature data and underscores the need to expand the group of patients being tested for these alterations. However, deletions in exon 19 of EGFR (12.7%) and KRAS G12C (16.4%) were also found among smokers. The results highlight the inadequate scope of existing testing, partly due to the lack of co-mutation assessment and primary resistance mutations, while also demonstrating possible differences when using various diagnostic panels.

Conclusion. The implementation of NGS in public health systems allows for a more personalized approach to selecting treatment strategies for patients. The data obtained can be used in predictive models to optimize drug distribution.
Tek Parti Dönemi Sayımlarında Cizre’nin Nüfus Özellikleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Yaman Hikmet
Published: December 2024

Ulus devlet realitesinin bir sonucu olarak Osmanlı Devleti’nden koparak tarih sahnesine çıkan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti; bilhassa askeri, siyasi ve ekonomik açılardan oldukça ağır bir sürecin içerisine doğmuştur. Bu süreci sorunsuz atlatabilmek, varlığını sağlamlaştırmak, yerli bir düzen tesis etmek ve milli bir nesil oluşturmak hedefleriyle köklü yeniliklere gidilmiştir. Bu yeniliklerin başarıya ulaşmasında, mevcut nüfusun tespiti ve yeniden yapılandırılması anahtar olarak görülmüştür. Bu amaçla, yeniden inşa süreci hız kesmeden devam ederken, 1927-1950 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin ilk resmî nüfus sayımları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu noktada, kalkınma ve dönüşüm planlarının kalbinde konumlandırılmış nüfus sayımlarının beşerî ve tabii aidiyetleri farklılık gösteren bölgeler hakkında oldukça önemli ipuçları barındırdığı düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, mevcut makalede Tek Parti Döneminde yapılmış sayım verilerinden hareketle tarihi seyir içerisinde kendine özgü aidiyetlerle öne çıkmış kadim bir yerleşim olan Cizre’nin nüfus özellikleri çalışılmıştır.
Osmanlı Devleti'nden Cumhuriyet'e Geçiş Sürecinde (1800-1949), Kaplıcaların İşletilmesi
Authors: Başaran Şerif , Algül Hilal
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti'nden Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne geçiş sürecinde (1800-1949) kaplıcaların işletilmesi ve sağlık turizmi açısından nasıl bir gelişim gösterdiğini incelemektedir. İlk bölümde kaplıcalar hakkında genel bir bilgi sunulmuş ve kaplıcaların sağlık üzerindeki etkileri detaylandırılmıştır. Özellikle Osmanlı döneminden başlayarak Cumhuriyet'in ilk yıllarına kadar, kaplıcaların sağlık, ticaret ve turizm üzerindeki rolü ele alınmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde kaplıcalar, hem yerli hem de yabancı doktorlar tarafından tedavi edici özellikleriyle ön plana çıkarılmış ve sağlık hizmetleri açısından büyük bir öneme sahip olmuştur. Osmanlı döneminde, kaplıcalar sadece yerel halk tarafından değil, aynı zamanda şifa arayan yabancı ziyaretçiler tarafından da ilgi görmüştür. Kaplıcaların, sağlık hizmetlerinin yanı sıra ticaret ve yerel ekonomiye katkıları da bu dönemde artmıştır. Özellikle kaplıcalar etrafında gelişen küçük işletmeler ve ticari faaliyetler, Osmanlı Devleti’nin farklı bölgelerinde ekonomik canlılığı desteklemiştir. Cumhuriyet dönemine gelindiğinde ise, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ve İsmet İnönü'nün liderliğindeki hükümetler, kaplıcaların modernizasyonuna ve devlet eliyle işletilmesine özel bir önem vermiştir. Bu süreçte, kaplıcalar sadece sağlık turizmi açısından değil, aynı zamanda bölgesel kalkınma ve ulusal sağlık politikaları açısından da stratejik bir role sahip olmuştur. Kaplıcaların altyapısının yenilenmesi, modern sağlık tesislerinin inşa edilmesi ve turizm potansiyelinin artırılmasına yönelik kapsamlı politikalar bu dönemin en önemli adımları arasında yer almıştır. Devlet, kaplıcaların tedavi edici yönlerini daha geniş kitlelere ulaştırmak ve bu tesislerin sağlık turizmine katkılarını artırmak için çeşitli modernizasyon projelerini hayata geçirmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, sadece literatür taraması yapılmamış, aynı zamanda Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet dönemi arşivlerinden elde edilen belgeler de detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Bu belgeler, her iki dönemdeki kaplıca politikaları arasındaki farkları ve benzerlikleri ortaya koymuş, kaplıcaların sağlık ve turizm açısından nasıl bir dönüşüm geçirdiğini daha derinlemesine analiz etme fırsatı sağlamıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nden Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne geçiş sürecinde kaplıcaların hem ekonomik hem de sağlık açısından önemi korunmuş, ancak bu süreçte izlenen politikaların farklılıkları ve kaplıcaların modernizasyonuna yönelik atılan adımlar, dönemin sosyo-ekonomik koşullarıyla da yakından ilişkilendirilmiştir.
1974 Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı ve Muğla’da Devrim Gazetesine Yansıması
Authors: Akça Bayram
Published: December 2024

1571 yılında Osmanlı Devleti’ne katılan Kıbrıs Adası 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı sonrası imzalanan Berlin Antlaşması’na kadar Türk idaresinde kalmıştır. Berlin Antlaşması ile geçici olarak İngiltere’ye bırakılan ada I. Dünya Savaşı’nda Osmanlı Devleti’nin Almanya’nın yanında savaşa girmesiyle İngiltere tarafından tek taraflı olarak ilhak edilmiştir. Bu ilhak Lozan Antlaşması ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından tanınmıştır. II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası 12 Adaların Yunanistan’a katılması üzerine Kıbrıslı Rumlar da adayı Yunanistan’a bağlamak üzere harekete geçmiştir. Bu amaçla önce tek taraflı bir referandum yapmışlardır. Bu referandumu Birleşmiş Milletler tanımayınca terör eylemlerine başlamışlardır. 1955-1958 yılları arasında terör eylemleri artınca Türkiye, Yunanistan ve İngiltere Londra’da bir araya gelip adada Rum ve Türkler’den oluşan bir Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulmasına karar vermişlerdir. Bu Cumhuriyetin kurulmasına rağmen Kıbrıslı Rumlar adayı Yunanistan’a bağlama fikrinden hiç vazgeçmemiştir. Bu amaçla 15 Temmuz 1974 tarihinde adada bir darbe yaparak daha ENOSİS’çi olan Nikos Sampson’u işbaşına getirmişlerdir. Bu durum karşısında Türkiye, Kıbrıslı Türklerin haklarını korumak için 20 Temmuz 1974 tarihinde I. Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı’nı başlatmıştır. Bu harekât 22 Temmuz 1974 tarihinde sona ermiştir. 25 Temmuz 1974 tarihi ile 14 Ağustos 1974 tarihi arasında Türk, Rum ve İngiliz hükümetleri Cenevre’de tekrar barış görüşmelerine başlamıştır. Ancak bu görüşmelerden sonuç alınamayınca 14 Ağustos 1974 tarihinde Türkiye, II. Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı’nı başlatmış 16 Ağustos 1974 tarihinde sona erdirmiştir. İkinci Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı’na Rusya ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başta olmak üzere Batılı Devletler sert tepki göstermiştir. Bu tepkiye Kıbrıs’ta önce 1975 tarihinde Kıbrıs Türk Federe Devleti’nin kuruluşa ile sonra da 1983 yılında Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Devleti’nin ilanı ile karşılık verilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, 1960 ile 1977 yılları arasında Muğla’da yayınlanan tek siyasi gazete olan Devrim Gazetesi kullanılarak Muğla yerel basınının Kıbrıs meselesine ve 1974 Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı’na bakışı ortaya konulmuştur. Bu bağlamda Devrim Gazetesi’nin, özellikle Kıbrıs’taki terör olaylarını, Kıbrıs’taki iktidar değişimini, Başbakan Bülent Ecevit’in Londra görüşmesini, Türkiye’nin gerçekleştirdiği I. Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı’nı, Cenevre Konferanslarını ve II. Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı’nı okuyucularına günü gününe doğru ve güvenilir bir şekilde aktardığı görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan gazetenin Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerine destek amacıyla Muğla’da bir yardım kampanyası başlattığı belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca gazetenin köşe yazarları da yazılarında, Kıbrıs’ta Rumların Türklere yaptığı katliamları, Batılı Devletlerin bu durumu sessiz kalmasını, Türkiye’nin Kıbrıs’a neden Barış Harekâtı gerçekleştirdiğini ve bunun sonuçlarını yazarak Muğla kamuoyunu aydınlatmaya çalışmışlardır.
Cumhuriyet’in İlk Yıllarında Batı Karadeniz’de Dokumacılık (1923-1938)
Authors: Bayram Ebru
Published: December 2024

Tarih öncesi dönemlerden itibaren dokumacılık; insanlığın giyinme ve korunma gibi ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan bununla beraber tarihî süreç içinde dinamik bir yapıya sahip sanat dalıdır. Dokumacılık Türk kültürünün de önemli bir unsuru olmuş, yapılan kazılarda ortaya çıkan buluntular Türklerin çok ileri seviyede bir dokuma sanatına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.
Zengin bir dokuma kültürüne sahip Anadolu’da dokumacılık halkın iktisadi yapısında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında Batı Karadeniz’de dokumacılığı ele alan bu çalışmada; dokumacılığın bölgedeki gelişimi, bölgenin iktisadi yapısına etkileri, dokumacılıkta kullanılan ham maddeler ele alınarak incelenmiştir. İncelenen döneme dair kaynaklar sınırlı olmakla birlikte arşiv belgeleri, araştırma eserleri, yerel ve ulusal gazeteler yararlanılan kaynaklar olmuştur.
Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin hemen hemen her ilinde dokumacılık yapılmaktadır. Bölgenin iklimi pamuk üretimi için uygun olmasa da küçük sahalarda üretim yapılmıştır. Ancak pamuklu dokumacılık daha çok dışardan alınan pamuğun işlenmesi ile gelişim göstermiştir. Kastamonu’ya bağlı Devrekani, Küre ve Tosya pamuklu dokumaların yapıldığı yerlerdi. Sinop’ta da pamuk yetiştirildiği salnamelerdeki bilgilerden tespit edilmekte, Mudurnu ve Göynük’te pamuklu bezler imal edilmekteydi. İpek üretimi ile ilgili denemeler yapılmış fakat üretimde süreklilik sağlanamamıştır.
Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde kendir ve keten üretimi yoğun olarak yapılan iki önemli dokuma ham maddesi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Burada üretilen kendirin kaliteli ve dayanıklı olması urgancılığın gelişmesini sağlamıştır. İmal edilen urganlar hem halkın hem de donanmanın ihtiyacını karşılamaktaydı. Kendir ve ketenin bölge ekonomisine önemli katkıları olmakla birlikte işleme aşamalarının zahmetli olması ve bu aşamaların modernize edilememesi üretim sürecini olumsuz etkilediği görülmektedir. Bundan başka Avrupa’da sanayileşme ile birlikte imal edilen ucuz dokumaların Anadolu’da rağbet görmesi, kendirin kısıtlı alanlarda kullanılarak halkın başka tarım ürünlerinin ekimine eğilim göstermesi, bir kooperatifin olmaması, imal edilen dokumaların tanıtımının yeteri kadar yapılamaması, teknik bilgi ve sermaye yetersizliği de bölgede dokumacılığı olumsuz etkileyen diğer faktörlerdi. Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında ülke ekonomisi içinde önemli olan bu ürünlerin üretim miktarı ve kalitesinin arttırılması, işleme aşamalarının ıslah edilmesi ve bunlara paralel sanayileşmenin sağlanması için programlar hazırlanmıştır. Ancak bölgede dokumacılığın sanayileşmesi ile ilgili somut adımlar daha sonraki yıllarda atılmıştır.