bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rollover Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Bus
Authors: Mohd Nor Mohd Khir , Dol Baharin Muhammad Zulhusmi
Published: October 2014

Rollover is motor vehicle accident that occurs when vehicle is tipping over onto its side or roof. Due to its fatality rate, the Malaysian government reinforced an Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) Regulation no. 66 (R66) upon bus construction. This is to prevent the catastrophic consequences of rollover accidents. The R66 regulation provides an option of certification based on full-scale vehicle testing that maitaning the survival space. Therefore research that contribute to the development of safe transportation vehicle under rollover is really important. The physical prototype of rollover test can be simplified using simulation model. Using this motivation, the characteristic of heavy vehicle rolleover is investigated in this paper. The simulation was performed using ANSYS simulation tool and simplified by locating the position of the bus in unstable equilibriumm, just before it hit the ground. Another method is to perform a quasi-static loading test. The quasi-static simulation test was performed using impact load that directed towards the side of beam around the centre of frame body. The dynamic response due to rollover impact was determined using an Explicit Dynamic Analysis in ANSYS. The stress maximum stress first developed around the impact area before lag the stress stream to the opposite side. It can be observed that the maximum stress point is located at the middle structure of impact side. After few times of impact, the maximum stress starts to changes to the opposite side. Quasi-static simulation result in higher total deformation on impact side area. It also indicates high maximum stress point around the middle structure.
Flutter Speed Determination of Two Degree of Freedom Model Using Discrete Vortex Method
Authors: Zuhal Lavi R. , Febrianto Eky Valentian , Dung Duong Viet
Published: October 2014

This paper describes a fluid-structure interaction methodology to determine flutter speed of a two degree of freedom model. Fluid properties are calculated using a specially developed mesh-free computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method called Discrete Vortex Method (DVM). The acquired unsteady aerodynamic loads from DVM are used to calculate the flutter derivatives. The results are then used to predict the maximum allowable wind speed before flutter occurs. To test the methodology, a flutter instability analysis of a long span bridge with two degree of freedom (heaving and pitching) is performed. It is found that results obtained using the current methods are in good agreement with those obtained in previous studies.
Flow Diagnostics in Shock Wave-Boundary Layer Interaction Experiments in Hypersonic Flow
Authors: Saad Mohd Rashdan , Che Idris Azam , Kontis Konstantinos
Published: October 2014

Shock Wave-Boundary Layer Interaction (SBLI) is a phenomenon occurring in high-speed propulsion systems that is highly undesirable. Numerous methods have been tested to manipulate and control SBLI which includes both active and passive flow control techniques. To determine the improvements brought by the flow control techniques, advanced and state-of the-art flow diagnostics and experimental techniques are required, especially when it involves high-speed flows. In this study, a number of advanced flow diagnostics were employed to investigate the effect of micro-vortex generators in controlling SBLI in Mach 5 such as Pressure Sensitive Paints (PSP), Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), schlieren photography and oil-flow visualization. The flow diagnostics successfully visualized the boundary layer separation and also the improvements brought by the micro-vortex generators.
Numerical Study of Flow Past a Solid Sphere at Moderate Reynolds Number
Authors: Sadikin Azmahani , Mohd Yunus Nurul Akma , Abdullah Mohammad Kamil , Mohammed Akmal Nizam
Published: October 2014

The unsteady three dimensional flow simulation around sphere using numerical simulation computational fluid dynamic for moderate Reynolds Number between 20 ≤ Re ≤ 500 is presented. The aim of this work is to analyze the flow regimes around sphere and flow separation. Extensive comparisons were made between the present predicted results and available experimental and numerical investigations, and showed that they are in close agreement. The results show that the vortex shedding increases with the Reynolds number. The flow separates early when Reynolds number increases, therefore the separation angle is found to be smaller when high Reynolds number is present.
Investigation of Boiling Heat Transfer and Flow Regimes in a Heat Exchanger
Authors: Sadikin Azmahani , Jamil Muhammad Adib , Isa Norasikin Mat
Published: October 2014

Experimental and numerical simulation of heat transfer and flow regimes for vertical flow across horizontal tubes are presented for mass flow rate in the range 0.03 – 0.17 kg/s and heat fluxes in the range 1.07–1.35 kW/m2. The tubes had a diameter of 9.75 mm and a pitch to diameter ratio of 1.85. The CFX version 14.0 from ANSYS was used to predict the flow regimes and the temperature distribution in the tube bundles. These data and the predictions from numerical simulation were compared with the data available in the literature. It is found that the circulation zone in the shell becomes bigger as the mass flow rate is increases. The flow patterns identified in this experiment are bubbly, intermittent and annular flow. These data agrees well with the published data.
The Effect of Machining Parameters on Surface Integrity when Milling Hardened Steel
Authors: Rafai N.H. , Lajis Mohd Amri , Hosni N.A.J.
Published: October 2014

This study discussed about the influence of the cutting speed and radial depth of cut on surface integrity (microhardness and work-hardening) when performing hard milling of AISI D2 workpiece. By using PVD-TiAlN, nine experimental trials were performed at various cutting speeds of 80, 100 and 120 m/min and various radial depth of cut of 3, 4 and 5 mm as feed and depth of cut remain constant at 0.05 mm/tooth and 0.05 mm. From the result, due to high cutting temperature generated, the cutting speed adversely affects the microhardness value of the subsurface layer. At higher cutting speed of 120 m/min higher hardness values were obtained when compared with lower cutting speed of 80 m/min. As for the effect of the radial depth of cut it is clear that it influences the microhardness beneath the surface. Higher microhardness recorded from the radial depth of cut increment associated with high cutting temperature generated during machining.
Simulation of Water Mist Spray for Commercial Kitchen Ventilation (CKV) System Using Ansys-CFD
Authors: Asmuin Norzelawati , Sies Mohd Farid , Hassan Mohamad Khairi , Pairan M.R. , Nor Salim N.A. , Zakaria H.
Published: October 2014

Concept of the water mist spray in CKV system is to clean the gas filter at kitchen hood. This research aims to analyze the behavior and flow characteristics of water mist spray produced by spray nozzle. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with k-epsilon turbulence method is a simulation tool for the characterization of sprays. The fluid flow for case1, case 2 and case 3 have the same pattern type of graph. Changes have seen in fluid flow pressure and velocity. The value of fluid flow pressure was decreasing from the first point at water inlet until to the last point at nozzle orifice. The total pressure values for case 1, case 2, and case 3 are 99.997 kPa, 199.991 kPa and 299.992 kPa respectively. The highest velocity is recorded at the liquid tip of the nozzle which is about 144.15 m/s for case 3. In the other hand, the highest value of fluid flow pressure was recorded at the water inlet part.
Experimental Study of Splitting Device for Horizontal Pipeline
Authors: Isa Norasikin Mat , Izzat A. Malek , Sadikin Azmahani , Basharie Siti Mariam , Asmuin Norzelawati
Published: October 2014

The flow distribution within a reduced scale model pipeline to study and determine the best splitting device for a horizontal pipeline through experiments were conducted. In this research, five splitting devices are designed and tested on the model rig. Out of five, only one splitting device has been chosen that achieved the objective the best; to improve airflow to be a homogeneous flow in the pipe, or at least reducing and improving from the roping condition. The process of selecting the best device had been done through qualitative analysis of velocity profile and airflow distribution obtained from Pitot Tube measurements, besides the airflow pattern and behavior through PIV results.
CFD Simulation of a Simplified Automotive Model for Various Rear Slant Angle
Authors: Mansor S. , Nik Mohd N.A.R. , Chung C.W.
Published: October 2014

In the early design phase of automotive sector, the flow field around the vehicle is important in decision making on design changes. It would consume a lot of money and time for multiple prototypes development if adopt traditional testing method which is wind tunnel test. Thus, CFD Simulation plays an important role here. In this paper, a CFD simulation study was conducted on a simplified automotive model called Davis model with constant velocity of 40 m/s. Modification of rear slant angle bring significant effects on the wakes produced which also affect the drag performance. Many configurations of body designs can be produced by a single rear slant angle. So that, fixed rear slope and fixed rear height configuration have been chosen for investigations for various rear slant angles. In this paper, the flow of Davis model especially on the rear slanted surface is discussed. Pressure coefficient contour, pressure coefficient plot and vorticity structures are presented. This work shows that the drag coefficient value vary between fixed rear slope model and fixed rear height model even for the same rear slant angle under a range of yaw angle.
A Study of Auto Pour in Sand Casting Process
Authors: Nawi Ismail , Siswanto Waluyo Adi , Ismail Al Emran
Published: October 2014

Metal casting is a process of metallurgical forming by liquidize of material up to certain high temperature to achieve perfect chemical reaction and high level quality products. Auto pour means pouring the metal liquid into the mould not by manual operation but more than automatically done by a set of machine without any human intervention. This paper aims to describe the process of automation for brake drums where several parameters are compare with manual process. The standard time, cycle time, rejection rate, dimension, chemical composition and product quality have been analyzed. The results shows that the standard time reduce to 40%, rejection rate less 5%, tensile strength 3% higher because of better pouring process. The other parameters are the same for both manual or automatic pouring process. The conclusion of this research is that the auto pour provides better results in term of productivity and quality.
The Application of the Micro-Siting Technique in Tioman Island, Malaysia Using the RIAM-COMPACT Software
Authors: Nurhayati Rosly , Sofian Mohd
Published: October 2014

ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries may have a huge potential for utilizing wind energy as it requires little in the way of land. Land in these countries is very fertile and is used by other alternatives, therefore reducing its conduciveness for developing solar energy. The wind resources map is widely available for Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Philippines but there is not much information about other ASEAN countries. Based on meteorological data, Tioman Island was selected as the area that had the best potential for installing wind turbines in Malaysia. A more detailed study was conducted using a CFD model for unsteady flow, known as the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, COMputational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain (RIAM-COMPACT®) which is based on the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. Micro-siting technique is used as a tool for selecting appropriate point and an inappropriate point for locating wind turbine generators (WTGs) at Tioman Island, Malaysia. The suggested points for locating WTGs were shown based on the numerical results obtained from the calculation.
Surface Roughness Identification of Cutting Product on Design Aspect Variation of Modular Axis Mechanism
Authors: Widyanto Susilo Adi , Widodo Achmad , Nugroho Sri
Published: October 2014

The use of modular component in machine tool structure is an attempt to reduce the production cost. This paper presents the development of machine tool structure for low cutting force using the modular axis mechanism. Single axis mechanism was designed and varied the mover bearing, the length of slideway and the diameter of lead-screw. Cutting test was then performed using the variation. The experimental result shows that the dimension tolerance of linear bearing is the dominant aspect which affect on the product surface roughness. While the use of ball bearing in mover system, the motion looseness can be minimized affects on improving product surface finish.
A Feasibility Study of Magnetorheological Elastomer Base Isolator
Authors: Hairuddin Khairunnisa , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Zamzuri Hairi , Mohamad Nor Norazman
Published: October 2014

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a controllable smart material that demonstrates changes in rheological properties depending on the magnetic field strength. This paper presents thedevelopment of a new concept of MRE isolator in terms of design and magnetic simulation. All features of geometry parameters were considered and altered expeditiously in order to provide ample and uniform magnetic field. Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) was used to design the electromagnetic circuit to generate magnetic fluxes penetrate through the MRE. The study, eventually, leads to the conclusion of different design parameters approach; selection of materials, diameter of the shaft, shape of MRE, length of shaft and thickness of housing.
Joint Stiffness of 3D Space Frame Thin Walled Structural Joint Considering Local Buckling Effect
Authors: Yob Mohd Shukri , Mansor Shuhaimi , Sulaiman Razali
Published: October 2014

Thin walled structure is widely used in designing light weight vehicle. For automotive industry, weight is an important characteristic to increase performance of a vehicle. Vehicle structures are built from thin walled beams by joining them using various joining methods and techniques. For a structure, its stiffness greatly depends on joint stiffness. However, stiffness of thin walled beam is difficult to predict accurately due to buckling effect. Once the beams are joined to form a structure, it will expose to joint flexibility effect. A lot of researches had been done to predict the behaviors of thin walled joint analytically and numerically. However, these methods failed to come out with satisfactory result. In this research work, finite element model for 3D space frame thin walled structural joint is developed using circular beam element by validating with experimental result. Another finite element model using rigid element is used to represent 3D space frame behavior without joint effect. The difference between these 2 models is due to joint effect. By using same modelling technique, joint stiffness for different sizes can be established. Then, the relation between joint stiffness for 3D space frame and size of beam can be obtained.
Experimental Analysis of Kenaf Filament Wound Tubes under Axial Compression Load
Authors: Mokhtar Iqbal , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Abd Kader Ab Saman , Abu Hassan Shukur
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the strength of kenaf filament wound tubes under axial compression load. Kenaf is natural reinforcement fibre in which need to explore its capability to replace and compare with other common commercial reinforcement materials. Axial compression test was performed as early indication to identify the performance of kenaf filament wound composite tubes. Comparisons have been done towards basalt, e-glass and carbon tubes using polyester as a resin. Axial compression test of kenaf/polyester and kenaf/epoxy tubes were conducted with different winding angles involved which are 450, 550, 650 and 750. The result shows the 450 kenaf/epoxy tubes generated the higher compressive strength followed by other winding angle in the ascending order. The layer strength identification have been conducted in 550 winding angle sample in which indicate the increment layer of winding is uniform between one, two and three layers in ascending orders. Comparison between the different reinforcement materials show carbon tubes produced the higher compressive strength followed by e-glass, basalt and kenaf. Kenaf/epoxy recorded 38.7% lower the e-glass tubes. Kenaf/epoxy tubes were observed to identify the improvement from kenaf/polyester tubes and results shows at least 22% increment have been generated. It can be concluded that kenaf presence as a reinforcement material was successfully combine as composite system under axial compressive load as well as lead to the promising indication to be introduced in low load bearing application.
The Effect of Room Temperature on the Generator’s Winding Coils Temperature
Authors: Yahaya Nor Zaiazmin , Ismail K.A. , Abdul Manan M.S. , Awang Atikah Haji
Published: October 2014

Thermal modeling is a method used to formulate a temperature profile for a generator. The most common types of thermal model used by researchers are transient and steady-state model. There is insufficient of information regarding prolong usage of a generator in a confined space. The purpose of this paper is to formulate an empirical temperature model for the winding coils for the duration of 24 hours and to investigate whether a peak temperature exists. From the results, it can be concluded that there is a peak temperature detected for the winding coils in a non-controlled room temperature that occurs after 9 hours of experiment. The effect of room temperature on the winding coils temperature for no load condition is only 6.6%.
Development of Mixed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (MVAWT) for Low Wind Condition
Authors: Chua Bih Lii , Misaran Mohd Suffian , Farm Yan Yan , Rahman Mizanur , Barahim Benjoe Eldana
Published: October 2014

Small-scaled renewable energy generation such as micro-hydro and domestic solar panel has become the recent trend of research in order to achieve sustainable energy generation and to eliminate the reliance of geographical selection and large farm area. As for the case of wind energy, a wind turbine that can operate at low wind condition are desirable. This paper presents a mixed design for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine comprises of Savonius and Darrieus rotors, being assembled together as a single rotor turbine. The mixed wind turbine model (MVAWT) was fabricated and tested in our lab as prove of concept. Experiments conducted on 5 MVAWT’s configurations and being compared to a standalone Darrieus turbine with +3 degree pitch angle, showed promising result in lowering the self-start speed of the Darrieus turbine. It was observed that all the positive pitch angle MVAWTs has started to rotate at lower wind speed (about 1.8 m/s) while the standalone Darrieus turbine was only started to rotate at wind speeds more than 3.0 m/s. However, the lower self-start were also being compensated by lower turbine rotational speed. With the low self-start speed in the MVAWT, it will enable the wind energy capture for a longer period of time at a low wind condition site. This development should lead to an interesting research on optimizing the mixture of Savonius and Darrieus turbine for a localized low wind speed conditions in the future.
An Effect of Fractal Baffles and Impellers with Double Stage 4-Blade Rushton Turbine to Fluid Flow Behaviour in Stirred Tank
Authors: Manshoor Bukhari , Yusof Afifah , Laily Suraya , Zaman Izzuddin , Khalid Amir
Published: October 2014

The stirred tank is widely used in many industries to obtain the desired type of fluid mixing. In the context of mixing process, two different fluids and have a different properties will mix in a single equipment to produce another fluid with a new property. In this research, a new approach of stirred tank which is containing a new design of baffles and impellers was proposed for fluid mixing. The new design of baffles and impellers that proposed here are used a fractal pattern for both parts in the stirred tank. Implementing a fractal pattern for baffles and impellers in stirred tank believe will influence the flow characteristic inside the stirred tank, hence will improve a mixing performance. In order to investigate the kinds of flow properties, a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique with 1 μm seeding particle was used. Four configurations were tested which are normal baffles and normal impellers, normal baffles and fractal impellers, fractal baffles and normal impellers, and the last configuration is fractal baffles and fractal impellers. In this study, dual Rushton impellers with 4 blades were used with the configurations mentioned. The result shows the significant flow field capture by PIV measurement on each configuration. By using fractal impeller some vortex are shown in the tank and high velocity vector on flow field compare with normal impeller while normal baffles gives high velocity vector depends on the configuration were used. From the results, it was showed that the fractal design can give a certain level of mixing efficiency in stirred tank. The PIV technique also gives good flow visualization in order to determine the flow pattern in stirred tank with a new concept of baffles and impellers.
Design Concept of Two Tank Reservoirs to Maintain pH Value for Tiger Prawn
Authors: Md Zain Badrul Aisham , Khasim Muhammad Farhan , Md Salleh Salihatun , Wahab Md. Saidin
Published: October 2014

Shrimp culture is the fastest growing sector of the aquaculture industry in Malaysia. In culturing tiger prawn, the pH level needed for water is around 7.0-8.5. Currently, prawn farmer in Malaysia still using a manual method to control the water pH level by adding chemical (Lime), in which, the process required constant monitoring and control by labor. Since the prawns are so sensitive on pH level, an automatic pH control system is required to maintain the water pH automatically and precisely. This research was conducted to design a system that can control and provide feedback on the changes of pH level and been implemented at the reservoir tank that can act as water storage tank and prawn pond. Control system and pH sensor are the important components in controlling the pH level. Input from pH sensor was processed by controller. Moreover, after an error is detected by controller, the correction will be delivered to the system as a feedback process. Nitric acid with concentration of 0.001M was added to 25 liter water in tank 1 so that the pH level is decreased to pH 3.00. Different concentrations were used for slaked lime; 0.5M, 0.4M. 0.3M, 0.2M and 0.1M, to increase the pH from acid to slightly alkaline in the range of pH value 7.00-8.50. Slaked lime was pumped to Tank by water pump and it will stop if the pH level reaches the setting level. The time for the system to recover from pH 3.00 to 7.00-8.50 was recorded. The results shows that slaked lime with the concentration 0.5M has the fastest recover time which was 29s follow by 0.4M in 69s, 0.3M in 92s, 0.2M in 151s and 0.1M in 252s, respectively.
An Open STEP-NC Controller via LabVIEW Platform
Authors: Elias D.M. , Yusof Yusri , Minhat Mohammad
Published: October 2014

In future technology in the field of advanced manufacturing, an open architecture controller in CNC system is studied. In this paper, the LabVIEW software platform is chosen and software realization methodology for the CNC system is determined for this application. This research project aims to meet the requirement of open architecture to create a CNC system based on new ISO standards of ISO 14649 and ISO 10303. As a result, open 3-Axis Mill CNC system based on component software reuse technology successfully developed. Two case studies of ISO 14649 (example 1 and example 2) were carried out through this developed system.
Validity of Kinect for Assessment of Joint Motion during Gait
Authors: Abdurrahman Muhammad Rijal , Dirgantara Tatacipta , Mihradi Sandro , Mahyuddin Andi Isra
Published: October 2014

One of the most common methods employed in gait analysis is the optical measurement method. While many analyzer systems are available commercially, the prices of those systems are rather prohibitive. In this work, an alternative method to obtain gait data using Microsoft KinectTM (Kinect) is investigated. Kinect, a 3D camera system created for gaming purposes, offers an ability which may be suitable for application in gait analysis. It has high mobility, needs no marker, is easy to use, and its price is relatively affordable. However, the performance of Kinect as a measurement tools in gait analysis must be first evaluated. In this work, Kinect is utilized to obtain joint movements of human walking motion to evaluate its suitability as an alternative motion analyzer in gait analyses. The data generated by Kinect are then processed to obtain gait parameters. The resulting parameters are compared to those obtained by 3D Motion Analyzer System that uses multi-camera previously developed. The results show promising prospect for Kinect application in gait analysis.
Review on Fluid Structure Interaction Solution Method for Biomechanical Application
Authors: bin Zakaria Nazri Huzaimi , Ngali Mohd Zamani , Rivai Ahmad
Published: October 2014

Fluid-Structure Interaction engages with complex geometry especially in biomechanical problem. In order to solve critical case studies such as cardiovascular diseases, we need the structure to be flexible and interact with the surrounding fluids. Thus, to simulate such systems, we have to consider both fluid and structure two-way interactions. An extra attention is needed to develop FSI algorithm in biomechanic problem, namely the algorithm to solve the governing equations, the coupling between the fluid and structural parameter and finally the algorithm for solving the grid connectivity. In this article, we will review essential works that have been done in FSI for biomechanic. Works on Navier–Stokes equations as the basis of the fluid solver and the equation of motion together with the finite element methods for the structure solver are thoroughly discussed. Important issues on the interface between structure and fluid solvers, discretised via Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian grid are also pointed out. The aim is to provide a crystal clear understanding on how to develop an efficient algorithm to solve biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction problems in a matrix based programming platform.
Development of HVOF Coating of Hydroxy Apatite on Titanium Alloy with Carbon Nano Tube Intermediate Layer
Authors: Ramdan Raden Dadan , Prawara Budi , Suratman Rochim , Pradana Irfandie Adi , Rinaldi Ali
Published: October 2014

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is considered as convenient material for the coating of titanium alloy in implant aplication. With the purpose to improve the morphology structure of HAP coating, the present research concerns in studying the effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) intermediate layer on HAP coated of titanium alloy. From SEM characterization, it can be observed that both of HAP coated sample, with and without CNT intermediate layer have porous nodular structure a characteristic of thermal spray coating without any micro-crack. However finer and more irregular structure observed on the sample with CNT intermediate layer, which is confirmed from XRD characterization, that lower degree of crystallinity occur on sample with CNT intermediate layer. After the coating, both of the samples were post annealed at 600 and 700°C for one hour. It was observed that micro-crack observed on the sample without CNT intermediate layer after post annealed at 700°C, while the rest of both samples observed without micro-crack.
The Adoption of Lean and Cleaner Production – A Preliminary Study for Malaysia Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Yusup Muhamad Zaki , Wan Mahmood Wan Hasrulnizzam , Salleh Mohd Rizal , Mohd Yusof Azrul Shahimy
Published: October 2014

Adoption of lean production in managing the production operations with a cleaner production due to of environmental concerns positively drive new manufacturing paradigm in the manufacturing environment. This leads to this study being carried out, in order to investigate the extent of which these practices has been adopted in Malaysia’s manufacturing industry. The finding revealed that good performance in environmental practice in tandem with the appraisal of labour safety in material handling has helped the respondents to successfully sustain the quality and durability of products, improves the operation efficiency, as well as production’s productivity. Aside from that, the correlation test results between all items in LP and CP have a significant positive relationship with each other where the appraisal in the selection of equipment from CP practices have a very strong relationship with the improvement of working conditions that resulted from the adoption of LP practices. These potentially make both practices as the best approach that has potential to be integrated together to support the development of a sustainable manufacturing practice principally in Malaysia’s manufacturing industry.
Analysis and Reduction of the Waste in the Work Process Using Time Study Analysis: A Case Study
Authors: bin Che Ani Mohd Norzaim , Abdul Hamid Siti Aisyah Binti
Published: October 2014

Time study is the process of observation which concerned with the determination of the amount of time required to perform a unit of work involves of internal, external and machine time elements. Originally, time study was first starting to be used in Europe since 1760s in manufacturing fields. It is the flexible technique in lean manufacturing and suitable for a wide range of situations. Time study approach that enable of reducing or minimizing ‘non-value added activities’ in the process cycle time which contribute to bottleneck time. The impact on improving process cycle time for organization that it was increasing the productivity and reduce cost. This project paper focusing on time study at selected processes with bottleneck time and identify the possible root cause which was contribute to high time required to perform a unit of work.
Enhancing Firm Competitiveness through Concurrent Implementation of TQM, JIT and TPM
Authors: Sukarma Lukman
Published: October 2014

As a continuation of the previous paper by the author for this conference, this article provides empirical evidence for the impact of concurrent implementation of TQM, JIT and TPM in enhancing company performance, and hence its competitiveness. In doing this, ingredients of World Class Manufacturing company performance are reviewed, hypotheses and research methodology are developed, and data are analysed to verify the hypotheses. It is confirmed that plants implementing TQM, JIT and TPM concurrently outperform those, which implement only one or two of the methods, and there is no difference in performance among plants using either one or two of the methods. Further investigation on the causes of difference in performance reveals that, in addition to simultaneous implementation of the three methods, the establishment of performance targets leads to better performance. However, there is insufficient evidence to claim that involving employees in target setting has an effect on performance.
Direct Investment Casting Numerical Study for ABS P400 FDM Materials
Authors: Marwah. O.M.F. , Sharif S. , Sulaiman S. , Ibrahim M. , Mohamad Elmy Johana
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this paper is to present the study of internal structure for investment casting Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) , and compare it between open and closed ceramic cube . This research aims to introduce a new internal structure for investment casting FDM pattern. With modeling 3D-thermal condition with mechanical finite element analysis on cube ceramic shell open and closed type (during burnout stage) have been computed. As numerical observation the deformation stress for cube square 90° and hollow models with two variants cube open and closed have been evaluated by put the temperature at model. Model was be imposed until 700 °C. Several investigations indicate the probability of better performance for influencing factor drainage ability for each model. However the main scope of the paper is to compare the performance of model during burnout stage ( the deformation on ceramic shell ) . Therefore, a more analytical and practical approach will be good for future research for other mentioned factors. A new generation of internal structure (or a new build style) for investment casting FDM patterns is presented here. The significant reduction of critical loadings on ceramic shell will ensure investment casting foundries for using FDM patterns, which are by square 90° and hollow models.
Research on the Impact of Needle Valve Orifice Chamfering on the Performance Based on Fluent
Authors: Tao Yong , Cai Hong Xia , Bai Yu Jie , Yu Ting Ting
Published: October 2014

Needle valve is the key component of diesel engine cylinder. Changing the nozzle Orifice chamferinging will influence the flow coefficient and spray performance. Firstly, we proposed a physical model of abrasive flow field inside the needle valve based on computational fluid dynamics technology. Then, we set the computing method and boundary type. Finally, we simulated the abrasive flow field using fluent software. The result is useful for guidance in the actual grinding process.
A Method for Predicting the Behavior of Plastics at Different Temperatures
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Gui Qin , Ruan Bin , Yuan Xiao , Li Hong Bo
Published: October 2014

The mechanical behavior of plastic material is dramatically sensitive to temperature. An method is proposed to predict the mechanical behavior of plastics for cars, ranging from low-temperature low temperature ≤-40°C to high temperature ≥80°C. It dominates the behavior of plastic material based on improved constitutive model in which the parameters adjusted by a series of tests under different temperatures. The method is validated with test and establishes the basis for research and development of plastic parts for automobile as well.
Precision Turning with Slender Boring Bars
Authors: Sørby Knut
Published: October 2014

The paper presents a new method for achieving high accuracy in finish turning with slender tools in turning operations. The method is developed for high-accuracy machining with vibrations-damped boring bars with a length-to-diameter ratio up to 14. The method is based on a three-pass scheme where the deflection of the boring bar is calculated and compensated for in the finishing passes. The method shows very good results for a great variation of cutting conditions.
Research on Aero-Engine Blade Machining Practice
Authors: Cai Jie , Li Bao Rui , Zhu Wen Hua , He Ya Fei , Zhang Xu Qian
Published: October 2014

This paper proposed the machining scheme of front and back combined for the blade according to the characteristics of the aero engine blades. Then the authors analyzed the entire process of the blade machining in detail, it included the machining resource selection, the process route development and NC programming created. Finally through the specific practices to verify the feasibility of the machining program.
Design of PC Remote Monitoring System for Standby Generators
Authors: Zhou Chuan Hong , Xiao Jin Jie , Ren Wei
Published: October 2014

Currently,some problems exist in the process of using standby generators, such as low efficiency,high cost and late service of artificial overhaul and maintenance.In order to overcome these problems, PC remote monitoring system is designed.This paper mainly introduces the structure composition,function,interface design and SQL Server database design of the system.In addition, the function of communication between the PC remote server and signal monitoring device was tested and the effect was desired
Surface Quality Detection of Welding Nuts Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Li Zheng , Lu Li Xin , Li Gui Qin , Zhao Yan , Li Hong Bo , Yuan Xiao
Published: October 2014

Welding nuts are being used widely in automotive industry as threaded fasteners, its security and reliability requests are increasingly high. Accurate and quick detection results for surface quality can be obtained by using machine vision. Image edge detection by Canny operator has stronger acclimatization in anti-jamming and accurate edge localization. In order to suppress noise in maximum, an improved method is put forward to calculate the gradient of Canny operator, introducing Robert cross gradient in 3×3 neighborhood when calculating the gradient magnitude in finite difference method. The experimental results show that the improved Canny operator makes more effectively on the surface detection of welding nuts.
Research on Mechanical Characteristics of Plastic Materials in Automobile Manufacturing
Authors: Ruan Bin , Li Gui Qin , Chen Yang , Yuan Xiao , Li Hong Bo
Published: October 2014

Plastic materials are widely used in automobile manufacturing, and they have different mechanical characteristics at high and low temperature, which has a major influence on automobile safety. This paper mainly studies the relationship between elastic modulus and yield strength of plastic materials at high and low temperature, in order to predict the elastic modulus by the yield strength. On this basis, the values of the parameter of the constitutive model will be predicted to obtain the constitutive equation. The method meeting the precision is validated by the experiments. The method decreases experimental working, and provides technical support for product development as well.
Research on Measurement Method of Joint Angle for Underwater Manipulator
Authors: Feng Ding Hao , Zhang Xi , Zhang Xu , Chu Wei Qing
Published: October 2014

Measurement method of joint angle for underwater manipulator is studied in this paper. The swing of a manipulator can be described as a circular motion in spatial. Therefore this paper proposes a spatial circle fitting algorithm. The points for spatial circle fitting come from multiple stereo vision system. At first, attach the designed target to the robot arm, then proposes algorithm to track the target in real time. Then three-dimensional coordinates of target’s movement in space at each location can be obtained by using stereo reconstruction techniques. At last, the center and radius of the circle can be calculated by spatial circle fitting. Through the theory of analytic geometry, the manipulator’s joint angle can be calculated. Experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is well used in manipulator’s joint angle measurement.
Research of Edge Detection Algorithm Based on Canny Algorithm and Hough Transform
Authors: Li Gui Qin , Zhang Lin Xin , Yu Zhi Pin , Wang Yan , Yuan Xiao , Li Hong Bo
Published: October 2014

In order to solve the difficulty of low contrast feature extracting between labeled features and background, a new method combined the Hough transform and Canny algorithm is put forward for tensile test using the video extensometer, and a new algorithm edge detection is also obtained based on Canny an feature region tracking as well. The algorithm has proved to be a high positioning accuracy and computational efficiency in the test.
The Application of the Improved Threshold Method in Wavelet Image De-Noising
Authors: Chen Guang Hua , Yan Gui Hong
Published: October 2014

The key of wavelet image threshold de-noising is the choice of the threshold function and the threshold value. To overcome the shortcomings of constant deviation existing between estimated wavelet coefficients and decomposition coefficients in the soft threshold function and discontinuity of the hard threshold function, a new threshold function based on wavelet shrinkage in image de-noising is presented in this paper. Threshold values of images with different edges and texture degrees are fine-tuned when the threshold value is set. Furthermore, a self-adaption optimal threshold which is fit to all scale levels is designed based on features of multiscale and multiresolution of wavelet transform. Simulation results show that the proposed methods are efficient to reduce the noise while preserving the detail information of the image.
Research of Design and Simulation for the Small Modular Machine Tool
Authors: Wang De Xian , Zhu Wen Hua , Troussier Nadège , Remy Sebastien
Published: October 2014

Machine tool is the basic equipment of machinery industry, playing very important role in today's manufacturing, and its variety, quality and processing efficiency directly affects economic benefits and the technology level of the mechanical industry production. The modular machine tool is widely used in the industry, and its production efficiency is increased by several times or even several times than the common machine tool, with such processing methods of multi-axis, multi-knife and multi-process. This paper designs the small combined machine with a set of turning, milling, drilling and grinding by PTC's 3D software, namely Pro/Engineer. At last, the technique of the interference analysis and visual simulation has been carried on, verifying the feasibility of the machine design. The machine tool is mainly used to meet the needs of processing the small parts in scientific research, teaching unit or small repair industry, not only improving the machining efficiency, but also saving space and processing costs.
Off-Line Programming Design of Robots Based on DXF Files
Authors: Chen Zhao Xin , Yi Ji Ming , Liu Jun , Lin Yan Feng
Published: October 2014

To solve the problems of low efficiency and inaccurate positions of artificial trial teaching with industrial robots, a path method is developed to precisely control the robots. Based on a study of general and specific DXF file formats and developed in C # programming language, this method proposes a file format converting algorithm to extract the primitive information and optimize the primitives. The set of points optimized will then be transmitted to the robots through Ethernet and conduct the space coordinates calibration to finally generate robot path codes. Simulations and welding experiments prove that the method will greatly reduce the artificial trial teaching time, improve the working efficiency of robots, and it is adapted to the robots welding, cutting, coating and other trajectory path problems,etc..
Tilt Analysis and Control in Climbing Process of Tree-Pruning Robot
Authors: Fu Guang Hua , Liu Xue Mei , Yuan Jin
Published: October 2014

Tree-pruning robot can appear tilt problem in the climbing process because of the trunk shape and mechanical mechanism of its climbing legs. According to the robot's tilt problem, this paper guarantees the level of tree-pruning robot using the method of controlling the motor speed at different locations. This paper establishes a three-dimensional virtual prototype model about tree-pruning robot in ADAMS software, design controller in Matlab software, and conduct ADAMS-Matlab co-simulation. The simulation results and experimental prototypes show that the designed control method can effectively overcome the tilt problem in the crawling process.
Stable V/F Control of Open Winding Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives with SPWM Strategy
Authors: Ning Yu , Huang Su Rong , Gao Jin , Gong You Min
Published: October 2014

This paper presents dual inverter power supply open-end winding of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (OW-SPMSM) drive system for fans and pumps energy saving by V/f control. On the principle of OW-SPMSM drive system, this paper puts forward a unified Sine wave pulse width modulation strategy (SPWM) of dual inverter, which is easy to real time implementation for the calculation of this method is less than SVPWM, its performance is as good as the SVPWM in terms of harmonic power balance. Accordingly, a power factor closed loop control was introduced into the drive system to achieve stable volts/hertz (V/F) control. The system simulation model was investigated in detail; its results show that the proposed drive system has greatly improved the system dynamic performance.
Optimization Algorithm of Tool Radius Compensation in Fast Tool Servo Machining of Microlens Arrays
Authors: Ding Huan Qi , Luo Shan Ming , Chang Xue Feng , Xie Dan
Published: October 2014

This paper analyzes the tool path generation of the microlens arrays by the single point diamond (FTS) turning,while focuses on the algorithm of tool radius compensation. Firstly, the mechanism of the fast tool servo machining process is introduced. Secondly, the tool path generation for FTS is calculated. The algorithm of tool radius compensation and the form error of the microlens is analyzed. Subsequently, the transitional zone is research, base on the algorithm of tool radius compensation, the optimized algorithm is proposed. Finally, using the optimized algorithm generate the tool path. Modeling of the tool path with the optimized algorithm of tool radius compensation is simulated with MATLAB. The simulation of the 3-D microlens arrays with the algorithm of tool radius compensation has done. According to the modeling of the simulation, algorithm of the radius compensation is discussed. The results show the optimized algorithm can improve the form accuracy of the microlens. The optimized algorithm is practical significant in the tool path generation.
The Progress of Graphene in Thermal Transportation
Authors: Wang Ming Zhu , Xing Xing , Yu Wei
Published: October 2014

Graphene, a two-dimensional nanocarbon material with unique planar structure, has wide application prospects in the field of thermal management due to its excellent thermal conductive property. The test methods for thermal conductivity of graphene are described. Research progress in the application of graphene in the field of thermal management is reviewed. Especially, the application of graphene in nanofluids, thermal interface materials and thermal conductive composites is described in detail.
The Influence of Overlap Coefficient on Contact Behavior of Globoidal Indexing Cam Mechanism
Authors: Liu Yang Xu , Luo Shan Ming , Chang Xue Feng , Xie Dan
Published: October 2014

An method was proposed to derive the formula of the overlap coefficient and the influence of main parameters on overlap coefficient were also discussed; The load distribution is deduced and the rule of contact load varying with overlap coefficient was revealed; The results indicate that the increasing overlap coefficient can extend the time of rollers engaging, reducing the contact load of globoidal indexing cam mechanism and altering the load distribution.
Process Knowledge Representation of Aircraft Assembly Based on Ontology
Authors: Yu Ting Ting , Cai Hong Xia
Published: October 2014

In aviation industry, it’s urgent to build a scientific and effective knowledge system with high scalability to change the fact that the data is rich while the knowledge is deficient. We constructed the knowledge ontology of aircraft assembly with cyclic acquisition and seven step methods based on ontology thought. Then, we obtained the potential relationship related to process and abstract process ontology through logic reasoning. Finally, OWL is applied for ontology formal description to realize knowledge standardization and normalization. It’s meaningful to reuse, share the assembly process knowledge and further reasoning in the aviation field.