bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the excess solubility of acetanilide, acetaminophen, phenacetin, benzocaine, and caffeine in binary water/ethanol mixtures via molecular simulation
Authors: Paluch Andrew S. , Parameswaran Sreeja , Liu Shuai , Kolavennu Anasuya , Mobley David L.
Published: January 2015

We present a general framework to predict the excess solubility of small molecular solids (such as pharmaceutical solids) in binary solvents via molecular simulation free energy calculations at infinite dilution with conventional molecular models. The present study used molecular dynamics with the General AMBER Force Field to predict the excess solubility of acetanilide, acetaminophen, phenacetin, benzocaine, and caffeine in binary water/ethanol solvents. The simulations are able to predict the existence of solubility enhancement and the results are in good agreement with available experimental data. The accuracy of the predictions in addition to the generality of the method suggests that molecular simulations may be a valuable design tool for solvent selection in drug development processes.
Durable ultrathin silicon nitride/carbon bilayer overcoats for magnetic heads: The role of enhanced interfacial bonding
Authors: Yeo Reuben J. , Dwivedi Neeraj , Zhang Lu , Zhang Zheng , Lim Christina Y. H. , Tripathy S. , Bhatia Charanjit S.
Published: January 2015

Pole tip recession (PTR) is one of the major issues faced in magnetic tape storage technology, which causes an increase in the magnetic spacing and hence signal loss during data readback. Despite efforts to reduce the magnetic spacing, PTR, and surface wear on the heads by using protective overcoats, most of them either employ complex fabrication processes and approaches do not provide adequate protection to the head or are too thick (∼10–20 nm), especially for future high density tape storage. In this work, we discuss an approach to reduce the PTR and surface wear at the head by developing an ultrathin ∼7 nm bilayer overcoat of silicon/silicon nitride (Si/SiNx) and carbon (C), which is totally fabricated by a cost-effective and industrial-friendly magnetron sputtering process. When compared with a monolithic C overcoat of similar thickness, the electrically insulating Si/SiNx/C bilayer overcoat was found to provide better wear protection for commercial tape heads, as demonstrated by Auger electron spectroscopic analyses after wear tests with commercial tape media. Although the microstructures of carbon in the monolithic and bilayer overcoats were similar, the improved wear durability of the bilayer overcoat was attributed to the creation of extensive interfacial bonding of Si and N with the C overcoat and the alumina-titanium carbide composite head substrate, as predicted by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and confirmed by in-depth X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. This study highlights the pivotal role of enhanced interfaces and interfacial bonding in developing ultrathin yet wear-durable overcoats for tape heads.
Doped GaN nanowires on diamond: Structural properties and charge carrier distribution
Authors: Schuster Fabian , Winnerl Andrea , Weiszer Saskia , Hetzl Martin , Garrido Jose A. , Stutzmann Martin
Published: January 2015

In this work, we present a detailed study on GaN nanowire doping, which is vital for device fabrication. The nanowires (NWs) are grown by means of molecular beam epitaxy on diamond (111) substrates. Dopant atoms are found to facilitate nucleation, thus an increasing NW density is observed for increasing dopant fluxes. While maintaining nanowire morphology, we demonstrate the incorporation of Si and Mg up to concentrations of 9× 1020cm−3 and 1 × 1020cm−3, respectively. The dopant concentration in the nanowire cores is determined by the thermodynamic solubility limit, whereas excess dopants are found to segregate to the nanowire surface. The strain state of the NWs is investigated by X-ray diffraction, which confirms a negligible strain compared to planar thin films. Doping-related emissions are identified in low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy and the temperature quenching yields ionization energies of Si donors and Mg acceptors of 17 meV and 167 meV, respectively. At room temperature, luminescence and absorption spectra are found to coincide and the sub-band gap absorption is suppressed in n-type NWs. The charge carrier distribution in doped GaN nanowires is simulated under consideration of surface states at the non-polar side facets. For doping concentrations below 1017cm−3, the nanowires are depleted of charge carriers, whereas they become highly conductive above 1019cm−3.
Fabrication and orientation control of highly cation-ordered epitaxial PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 thin films on Si (100)
Authors: Chopra Anuj , Alexe Marin , Hesse Dietrich
Published: January 2015

Highly cation-ordered (100) and (110)-oriented PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 (PST) films were deposited on buffered Si (100) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Switching of crystal orientation from (100) to (110) was achieved by replacing the Si (100)/ZrO2:Y2O3 (100)/CeO2 (100)/LaNiO3 (100)/PST (100) heterostructure with Si (100)/ZrO2:Y2O3 (YSZ) (100)/SrRuO3 (110)/PST (110). The out-of-plane and in-plane crystal orientation and internal microstructure of (001) and (110) PST films were analyzed in detail by X-ray diffraction, pole figure measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. XRD superstructure reflections indicate that both (100) and (110) PST films are highly cation-ordered and transmission electron microscopy measurements show nano-domains of 15 nm size. The electrical measurements show that the PST films are ferroelectric and that the ferroelectric properties are linked to the microstructure. We have demonstrated the successful integration of PST films on Si substrates with control on growth orientation; this approach can be extended to other oxides to be integrated on silicon substrates for future device applications.
Atomic layer deposition of ZnInxSy buffer layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Genevée P. , Darga A. , Longeaud C. , Lincot D. , Donsanti F.
Published: January 2015

We report in this paper the use of ZnInxSy films deposited by atomic layer deposition as cadmium free buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. Buffer layers with different In/(In + Zn) ratios over the whole composition range were prepared on glass substrate and characterized optically by transmission and reflection measurement and electrically by steady state photoconductivity and modulated photocurrent. CIGS solar cells were prepared with the different buffer layers and characterized. A compromise between the properties of In2S3 and ZnS was found for intermediate compositions as aimed for this study. Best efficiencies were obtained for intermediate composition (In/(In + Zn) close to 28 at. %) which also allows a higher open circuit voltage. Solar cell simulations allowed to point out the major role played by interface defect states in these devices.
Kinetic properties of co-reduced Co-B/graphene catalyst powder for hydrogen generation of sodium borohydride
Authors: Aydin Meral , Hasimoglu Aydın , Bayrak Yahya , Ozdemir Oguz Kaan
Published: January 2015

The aim of the present work is to investigate the kinetic properties of Co-B nanoparticles which are deposited on graphene sheets by simultaneous chemical reduction of Co+2 and graphite oxides using NaBH4 as the reducing agent. The reduced Co−B/graphene nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the effects of the concentration of NaBH4, NaOH, and hydrolytic temperature were discussed in detail. The results show that the concentration of NaBH4 and NaOH indeed exerted a significant impact on the hydrogen generation rate of Co-B/graphene catalysts. Reaction rate of hydrolysis first rises up and then decreases subsequently with the rising of NaOH and NaBH4 concentration. The results show that the Co-B/graphene catalyst has the high catalytic activity with activation energy of 52.45 kJ·mol−1, and showed high resistance against deterioration and stability as a function of time. The present method is promising for the synthesis of effective supported catalysts for hydrolysis of NaBH4.
Method for extracting relevant electrical parameters from graphene field-effect transistors using a physical model
Authors: Boscá A. , Pedrós J. , Martínez J. , Calle F.
Published: January 2015

Due to its intrinsic high mobility, graphene has proved to be a suitable material for high-speed electronics, where graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) has shown excellent properties. In this work, we present a method for extracting relevant electrical parameters from GFET devices using a simple electrical characterization and a model fitting. With experimental data from the device output characteristics, the method allows to calculate parameters such as the mobility, the contact resistance, and the fixed charge. Differentiated electron and hole mobilities and direct connection with intrinsic material properties are some of the key aspects of this method. Moreover, the method output values can be correlated with several issues during key fabrication steps such as the graphene growth and transfer, the lithographic steps, or the metalization processes, providing a flexible tool for quality control in GFET fabrication, as well as a valuable feedback for improving the material-growth process.
Transport properties of β-Ga2O3 nanoparticles embedded in Nb thin films
Authors: Vaidhyanathan L.S. , Srinivasan M.P. , Chandra Mohan P. , Baisnab D.K. , Mythili R. , Janawadkar M.P.
Published: January 2015

The origin of ferromagnetism in nanoparticles of nonmagnetic oxides is an interesting area of research. In the present work, transport properties of niobium thin films, with β-Ga2O3 nanoparticles embedded within them, are presented. Nanoparticles of β-Ga2O3 embedded in a Nb matrix were prepared at room temperature by radio frequency co-sputtering technique on Si (100) and glass substrates held at room temperature. The thin films deposited on Si substrates were subjected to Ar annealing at a temperature range of 600-650 C for 1 hour. Films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Micro-Raman and elemental identification was performed with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Transport measurements were performed down to liquid helium temperatures by four-probe contact technique, showed characteristics analogous to those observed in the context of a Kondo system. A comparison of the experimental data with the theoretical formalism of Kondo and Hamann is presented. It is suggested that this behavior arises from the existence of magnetic moments associated with the oxygen vacancy defects in the nanoparticles of the nonmagnetic oxide Ga2O3.
Growth and characterization of sidewall graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Baringhaus J. , Aprojanz J. , Wiegand J. , Laube D. , Halbauer M. , Hübner J. , Oestreich M. , Tegenkamp C.
Published: January 2015

We study the growth of epitaxial graphene nanoribbons on silicon carbide mesa sidewalls by means of scanning probe techniques, local transport, and Raman spectroscopy. The sidewall nanoribbons are demonstrated to consist of charge neutral monolayer graphene with a zig-zag type orientation. Two types of roughness, the step density of the substrate and the roughness of the sidewalls, were identified as being detrimental to the transport properties of these ribbons. By means of 4-point probe experiments, single channel ballistic transport was observed with a mean free path limited by the width of the underlying substrate terraces. Moreover, a transition from ballistic to one-dimensional diffusive transport can be obviously triggered by an increased roughness of the sidewall, e.g., by an enlarged depth of the mesa.
Quantifying chaotic dynamics from integrate-and-fire processes
Authors: Pavlov A. N. , Pavlova O. N. , Mohammad Y. K. , Kurths J.
Published: January 2015

Characterizing chaotic dynamics from integrate-and-fire (IF) interspike intervals (ISIs) is relatively easy performed at high firing rates. When the firing rate is low, a correct estimation of Lyapunov exponents (LEs) describing dynamical features of complex oscillations reflected in the IF ISI sequences becomes more complicated. In this work we discuss peculiarities and limitations of quantifying chaotic dynamics from IF point processes. We consider main factors leading to underestimated LEs and demonstrate a way of improving numerical determining of LEs from IF ISI sequences. We show that estimations of the two largest LEs can be performed using around 400 mean periods of chaotic oscillations in the regime of phase-coherent chaos. Application to real data is discussed.
Heat assisted recording on bottom layer of dual recording layer perpendicular magnetic recording media for two and a half dimensional (2.5D) magnetic data storage
Authors: Chen Y. J. , Yang H. Z. , Leong S. H. , Santoso B. , Shi J. Z. , Xu B. X. , Tsai J. W. H.
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we present a study on two and a half dimensional (2.5D) perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) media consisting of dual hard magnetic recording layers (RL) with 1st or top RL1 used for conventional data storage and 2nd or bottom RL2 used for dedicated servo with lower linear densities or DC servo patterns with focus on the writability issue of the bottom servo layer (RL2). We demonstrate experimentally the feasibility to magnetically erase, write, and re-write RL2 by laser assist on a home built heat-assisted-magnetic-recording writing test system. Experimental data (by magnetic force microscopy measurements) show that the signal amplitudes of the pre-recorded magnetic patterns for both RL1 and RL2 decrease at almost the same rate with thermal erasure using scanning laser power (Pw) from 13 mW to 23 mW, clearly indicating equally effective laser heating and close temperature rise for RL1 and RL2 for far field laser heating with laser pulse duration in sub-μs and μs range. This is further verified by theoretical simulations of the thermal distribution and the temperature rise depth profile in dual layer media by laser heating. Simulations indicate very little temperature difference of less than 6 K (∼1% of maximum temperature rise) between RL1 and RL2 because the main mechanism of temperature rises in RL1 and RL2 is due to the effective thermal conduction from the top layers to lower layers. These experimental and theoretical study results could provide useful understanding and insights into servo writing methods of 2.5D PMR media.
Impact of weak excitatory synapses on chaotic transients in a diffusively coupled Morris-Lecar neuronal network
Authors: Lafranceschina Jacopo , Wackerbauer Renate
Published: January 2015

Spatiotemporal chaos collapses to either a rest state or a propagating pulse solution in a ring network of diffusively coupled, excitable Morris-Lecar neurons. Weak excitatory synapses can increase the Lyapunov exponent, expedite the collapse, and promote the collapse to the rest state rather than the pulse state. A single traveling pulse solution may no longer be asymptotic for certain combinations of network topology and (weak) coupling strengths, and initiate spatiotemporal chaos. Multiple pulses can cause chaos initiation due to diffusive and synaptic pulse-pulse interaction. In the presence of chaos initiation, intermittent spatiotemporal chaos exists until typically a collapse to the rest state.
Collisionless shocks driven by 800 nm laser pulses generate high-energy carbon ions
Authors: Zhang H. , Shen B. F. , Wang W. P. , Xu Y. , Liu Y. Q. , Liang X. Y. , Leng Y. X. , Li R. X. , Yan X. Q. , Chen J. E. , Xu Z. Z.
Published: January 2015

We present experimental studies on ion acceleration from diamond-like carbon (DLC) foils irradiated by 800 nm, linearly polarized laser pulses with peak intensity of 1.7 × 1019 W/cm2 to 3.5 × 1019 W/cm2 at oblique incidence. Diamond-like carbon foils are heated by the prepulse of a high-contrast laser pulse and expand to form plasmas of near-critical density caused by thermal effect before the arrival of the main pulse. It is demonstrated that carbon ions are accelerated by a collisionless shock wave in slightly overdense plasma excited by forward-moving hot electrons generated by the main pulse.
Electrically charged dispersions of ferroelectric nanoparticles
Authors: Kurochkin Oleksandr , Mavrona Elena , Apostolopoulos Vasilis , Blach Jean-François , Henninot Jean-François , Kaczmarek Malgosia , Saitzek Sébastien , Sokolova Marina , Reznikov Yu.
Published: January 2015

It is found that ferroelectric nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel technique and milling can become charged during the fabrication. The balance between the concentrations of positively and negatively charged particles depends on the material, the treatment of particles, and concentration of the surfactant agent. It is suggested that the nanoparticles become charged due to their collisions during the milling and sonication.
Differences in the macrozoobenthic fauna colonising empty bivalve shells before and after invasion by Corbicula fluminea
Authors: Ilarri M. I. , Souza A. T. , Modesto V. , Guilhermino L. , Sousa R.
Published: January 2015

Bivalve shells can potentially alter the structure of aquatic benthic communities. However, little is known about the effect that different shell morphologies have on their associated fauna. This study aimed to understand how empty shells, from four different freshwater bivalve species, affect macrozoobenthic communities, using the River Minho (Iberian Peninsula) as a study area. Three native (Anodonta anatina, Potomida littoralis, Unio delphinus) and one non-indigenous (Corbicula fluminea) species were used for this research. Comparisons among species and between scenarios (i.e. before and after invasion by C. fluminea) were performed. Our results suggest that macrozoobenthic community structure did not vary among treatments, with the exception of species richness, which was higher on shells of native species. Furthermore, little difference was detected when comparing scenarios with and without C. fluminea shells, despite dissimilarities in size and morphology between species. The empty shells of C. fluminea partially (in terms of density and biomass, but not in species richness) replaced the role of empty shells of native species as a physical substratum for the associated macrozoobenthic community.
Out in the wash: spatial ecology of a temperate marine shallow rocky-reef species derived using acoustic telemetry
Authors: Stocks Jerom R. , Gray Charles A. , Taylor Matthew D.
Published: January 2015

Characterising the movement and habitat affinities of fish is a fundamental component in understanding the functioning of marine ecosystems. A comprehensive array of acoustic receivers was deployed at two near-shore coastal sites in south-eastern Australia, to examine the movements, activity-space size and residency of a temperate rocky-reef, herbivorous species Girella elevata. Twenty-four G. elevata individuals were internally tagged with pressure-sensing acoustic transmitters across these two arrays and monitored for up to 550 days. An existing network of coastal receivers was used to examine large-scale movement patterns. Individuals exhibited varying residency, but all had small activity-space sizes within the arrays. The species utilised shallow rocky-reef habitat, displaying unimodal or bimodal patterns in depth use. A positive correlation was observed between wind speed and the detection depth of fish, with fish being likely to move to deeper water to escape periods of adverse conditions. Detection frequency data, corrected using sentinel tags, generally illustrated diurnal behaviour. Patterns of habitat usage, residency and spatial utilisation highlighted the susceptibility of G. elevata to recreational fishing pressure. The results from the present study will further contribute to the spatial information required in the zoning of effective marine protected areas, and our understanding of temperate reef fish ecology.
Piteşti: a project in reeducation and its post-1989 interpretation in Romania
Authors: Ciobanu Monica
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this article is twofold: to provide a critical account of the Piteşti experiment and its significance within the history of Romanian Communism and to examine current public disputes relative to memorializing the Piteşi experiment that concern issues of legitimacy, collective memory, and identity construction. The main argument pursued here is that within the recent postcommunist politics of memory, one major prevailing trend is to reincorporate a nationalist ideology within a postcommunist rhetoric. This leads to the conclusion that such mnemonic practices indicate a strong relationship between collective memory and political culture.
Validity evidence of the Portuguese adaptation of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory / Evidencias de validez de la adaptación portuguesa de la Escala de Sexismo Ambivalente
Authors: Gonçalves Gabriela , Orgambídez-Ramos Alejandro , Giger Jean-Christophe , Santos Joana , Gomes Alexandra
Published: January 2015

Modern forms of sexism have promoted the development of new scales and evaluation tools. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) (Glick & Fiske, 1996) aims to assess sexism along two dimensions: hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. The aim of this study is to present evidence of the validity of the factor structure of the Portuguese version of the ASI by analysing its structure and its relationships with neosexism and social dominance. The sample consisted of 446 Portuguese participants (68.6% female) between 17 and 77 years old. Results confirmed the two-factor structure; however, the best fit was registered with a four-factor structure: one hostile factor and three benevolent factors. Both hostile and benevolent sexism were correlated with neosexism and social dominance orientation. Future research should explore the dimensionality of the scale based on a four-dimension structure and its relationship to others sexism issues.
Performance effects of acute β‐alanine induced paresthesia in competitive cyclists
Authors: Bellinger Phillip M. , Minahan Clare L.
Published: January 2015

β‐alanine is a common ingredient in supplements consumed by athletes. Indeed, athletes may believe that the β‐alanine induced paresthesia, experienced shortly after ingestion, is associated with its ergogenic effect despite no scientific mechanism supporting this notion. The present study examined changes in cycling performance under conditions of β‐alanine induced paresthesia. Eight competitive cyclists (VO2max = 61.8 ± 4.2 mL·kg·min−1) performed three practices, one baseline and four experimental trials. The experimental trials comprised a 1‐km cycling time trial under four conditions with varying information (i.e., athlete informed β‐alanine or placebo) and supplement content (athlete received β‐alanine or placebo) delivered to the cyclist: informed β‐alanine/received β‐alanine, informed placebo/received β‐alanine, informed β‐alanine/received placebo and informed placebo/received placebo. Questionnaires were undertaken exploring the cyclists’ experience of the effects of the experimental conditions. A possibly likely increase in mean power was associated with conditions in which β‐alanine was administered (±95% CL: 2.2% ± 4.0%), but these results were inconclusive for performance enhancement (p = 0.32, effect size = 0.18, smallest worthwhile change = 56% beneficial). A possibly harmful effect was observed when cyclists were correctly informed that they had ingested a placebo (–1.0% ± 1.9%). Questionnaire data suggested that β‐alanine ingestion resulted in evident sensory side effects and six cyclists reported placebo effects. Acute ingestion of β‐alanine is not associated with improved 1‐km TT performance in competitive cyclists. These findings are in contrast to the athlete's “belief” as cyclists reported improved energy and the ability to sustain a higher power output under conditions of β‐alanine induced paresthesia.
Measures and their random reals
Authors: Reimann Jan , Slaman Theodore
Published: January 2015

We study the randomness properties of reals with respect to arbitrary probability measures on Cantor space. We show that every non-computable real is non-trivially random with respect to some measure. The probability measures constructed in the proof may have atoms. If one rules out the existence of atoms, i.e. considers only continuous measures, it turns out that every non-hyperarithmetical real is random for a continuous measure. On the other hand, examples of reals not random for any continuous measure can be found throughout the hyperarithmetical Turing degrees.
Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Authors: Gluckman Peter , Hanson Mark , Seng Chong Yap , Bardsley Anne
Published: January 2015

Explaining the practical implications of new discoveries in 'life-course biology', Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding is an informed resource on factors that affect offspring development. The impact of parental lifestyle and behavioural choices influence not only foetal development and birth outcomes, but also postnatal development, yet guidance on appropriate diet, behaviour, and exposures during pregnancy is often confusing and contradictory. With accessible explanations of the latest scientific research, and clear summaries and recommendations, this online resource is a valuable and authoritative guide for all levels of health care providers. It provides an overview of the background evidence, highlighting the importance of lifestyle choices prior to and during pregnancy, and it includes in-depth discussions of nutritional and lifestyle factors that impact on pregnancy and offspring that are based on the latest research and exploration of key scientific studies.
Sequence-specific cleavage of dsRNA by Mini-III RNase
Authors: Głów Dawid , Pianka Dariusz , Sulej Agata A. , Kozłowski Łukasz P. , Czarnecka Justyna , Chojnowski Grzegorz , Skowronek Krzysztof J. , Bujnicki Janusz M.
Published: January 2015

Ribonucleases (RNases) play a critical role in RNA processing and degradation by hydrolyzing phosphodiester bonds (exo- or endonucleolytically). Many RNases that cut RNA internally exhibit substrate specificity, but their target sites are usually limited to one or a few specific nucleotides in single-stranded RNA and often in a context of a particular three-dimensional structure of the substrate. Thus far, no RNase counterparts of restriction enzymes have been identified which could cleave double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in a sequence-specific manner. Here, we present evidence for a sequence-dependent cleavage of long dsRNA by RNase Mini-III from Bacillus subtilis (BsMiniIII). Analysis of the sites cleaved by this enzyme in limited digest of bacteriophage Φ6 dsRNA led to the identification of a consensus target sequence. We defined nucleotide residues within the preferred cleavage site that affected the efficiency of the cleavage and were essential for the discrimination of cleavable versus non-cleavable dsRNA sequences. We have also determined that the loop α5b-α6, a distinctive structural element in Mini-III RNases, is crucial for the specific cleavage, but not for dsRNA binding. Our results suggest that BsMiniIII may serve as a prototype of a sequence-specific dsRNase that could possibly be used for targeted cleavage of dsRNA.
Health Implications of Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and the Potential for Daylight as Therapy
Authors: Brainard Jason , Gobel Merit , Scott Benjamin , Koeppen Michael , Eckle Tobias
Published: January 2015

This paper reviews the molecular basis of circadian rhythms and the pathophysiologic consequences of alterations in these rhythms, and explores the concept of daylight as therapy to restore disrupted circadian rhythms and improve clinical outcomes.
High‐Oleic Ready‐to‐Use Therapeutic Food Maintains Docosahexaenoic Acid Status in Severe Malnutrition
Authors: Hsieh Ji‐Cheng , Liu Lei , Zeilani Mamane , Ickes Scott , Trehan Indi , Maleta Ken , Craig Christina , Thakwalakwa Chrissie , Singh Lauren , Brenna J. Thomas , Manary Mark J.
Published: January 2015

Objectives:

Ready‐to‐use therapeutic food (RUTF) is the preferred treatment for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition. It contains large amounts of linoleic acid and little α‐linolenic acid, which may reduce the availability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to the recovering child. A novel high‐oleic RUTF (HO‐RUTF) was developed with less linoleic acid to determine its effect on DHA and EPA status.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective, randomized, double‐blind clinical effectiveness trial treating rural Malawian children with severe acute malnutrition. Children were treated with either HO‐RUTF or standard RUTF. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid status was measured on enrollment and after 4 weeks and compared between the 2 intervention groups.

Results:

Among the 141 children enrolled, 48 of 71 receiving HO‐RUTF and 50 of 70 receiving RUTF recovered. Plasma phospholipid samples were analyzed from 43 children consuming HO‐RUTF and 35 children consuming RUTF. The change in DHA content during the first 4 weeks was +4% and −25% in the HO‐RUTF and RUTF groups, respectively (P = 0.04). For EPA, the change in content was 63% and −24% in the HO‐RUTF and RUTF groups, respectively (P < 0.001). For arachidonic acid, the change in content was −3% and 13% in the HO‐RUTF and RUTF groups, respectively (P < 0.009).

Conclusions:

The changes in DHA and EPA seen in the children treated with HO‐RUTF warrant further investigation because they suggest that HO‐RUTF support improved polyunsaturated fatty acid status, necessary for neural development and recovery.
Olsenella scatoligenes sp. nov., a 3-methylindole- (skatole) and 4-methylphenol- (p-cresol) producing bacterium isolated from pig faeces
Authors: Li Xiaoqiong , Jensen Rikke Lassen , Højberg Ole , Canibe Nuria , Jensen Bent Borg
Published: January 2015

Strain SK9K4T, which is a strictly anaerobic, non-motile, non-sporulating, Gram-stain-positive, saccharolytic coccobacillus, was isolated from pig faeces. SK9K4T metabolized indol-3-acetic acid to 3-methylindole (skatole), which is the main contributor to boar taint; it also produced 4-methylphenol (p-cresol) from p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that the isolate represented a new lineage within the genus

Olsenella

of the family

Atopobiaceae

. Strain SK9K4T was most closely related to the type strains of the three species of the genus

Olsenella

with validly published names;

Olsenella profusa

DSM 13989T (93.6 %),

Olsenella uli

DSM 7084T (93.5 %) and

Olsenella umbonata

DSM 22620T (92.7 %). DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain SK9K4T with

O. profusa

,

O. uli

and

O. umbonata

were 28.3 %, 69.1 % and 27.2 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 62.1 mol% and the major cellular fatty acids (constituting >10 % of the total) were C14 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. The major end product of glucose fermentation was lactic acid, with minor amounts of acetic acid and formic acid; no H2 was produced. Discrepancies in the fatty acid profiles, the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of cell extracts and the physiological and biochemical characteristics differentiated strain SK9K4T from other species of the genus

Olsenella

and indicate that the isolate represents a novel species within this genus. The name Olsenella scatoligenes sp. nov., is proposed and the type strain is SK9K4T ( = JCM 19907T = DSM 28304T).
Nonomuraea syzygii sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a jambolan plum tree (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels)
Authors: Rachniyom Hathairat , Matsumoto Atsuko , Indananda Chantra , Duangmal Kannika , Takahashi Yoko , Thamchaipenet Arinthip
Published: January 2015

A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain GKU 164T, was isolated from the roots of a jambolan plum tree (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels), collected at Khao Khitchakut National Park, Chantaburi province, Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain formed a distinct clade within the genus

Nonomuraea

, and was most closely related to

Nonomuraea monospora

PT708T (98.77 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and

Nonomuraea thailandensis

KC-061T (98.73 %). Strain GKU 164T formed a branched substrate and aerial hyphae that generated single spores with rough surfaces. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars were madurose, galactose, mannose, ribose, rhamnose and glucose. The N-acyl type of muramic acid was acetyl. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4) with minor amounts of MK-9(H6), MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H0). The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid and four unknown phospholipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.4 mol%. Significant differences in the morphological, chemotaxonomical, and biochemical data together with DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain GKU 164T and type strains of closely related species, clearly demonstrated that strain GKU 164T represents a novel species of the genus

Nonomuraea

, for which the name Nonomuraea syzygii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GKU 164T ( = BCC 70457T = NBRC 110400T).
Pedobacter daejeonensis sp. nov. and Pedobacter trunci sp. nov., isolated from an ancient tree trunk, and emended description of the genus Pedobacter
Authors: Du Juan , Singh Hina , Ngo Hien T. T. , Won Kyung-Hwa , Kim Ki-Young , Yi Tae-Hoo
Published: January 2015

Two Gram-stain-negative, yellow, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial isolates, designated THG-DN3.18T and THG-DN3.19T, were isolated from an ancient tree trunk from Daejeon, South Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that both strains belong to the genus

Pedobacter

within the family

Sphingobacteriaceae

. Strain THG-DN3.18T exhibited maximum sequence similarity with

Pedobacter boryungensis

KCTC 23344T (98.5 %) while strain THG-DN3.19T exhibited maximum sequence similarity with

Pedobacter nyackensis

LMG 24260T (97.3 %). In DNA–DNA hybridization tests, the two strains showed less than 35 % relatedness with respect to closely related species of the genus

Pedobacter

. Both strains contained iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c (summed feature 3) as the predominant fatty acids and MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C contents of strains THG-DN3.18T and THG-DN3.19T were 35.5 and 40.1 mol%, respectively. The genotypic analysis, biochemical properties, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicate that strains THG-DN3.18T and THG-DN3.19T represent novel species of the genus

Pedobacter

, for which the names Pedobacter daejeonensis sp. nov. and Pedobacter trunci sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are THG-DN3.18T ( = KCTC 42230T = JCM 30352T) and THG-DN3.19T ( = KCTC 42233T = JCM 30353T), respectively.
Direct Detection of Transcription Factors in Cotyledons during Seedling Development Using Sensitive Silicon-Substrate Photonic Crystal Protein Arrays
Authors: Jones Sarah I. , Tan Yafang , Shamimuzzaman Md , George Sherine , Cunningham Brian T. , Vodkin Lila
Published: January 2015

Transcription factors control important gene networks, altering the expression of a wide variety of genes, including those of agronomic importance, despite often being expressed at low levels. Detecting transcription factor proteins is difficult, because current high-throughput methods may not be sensitive enough. One-dimensional, silicon-substrate photonic crystal (PC) arrays provide an alternative substrate for printing multiplexed protein microarrays that have greater sensitivity through an increased signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescent signal compared with performing the same assay upon a traditional aminosilanized glass surface. As a model system to test proof of concept of the silicon-substrate PC arrays to directly detect rare proteins in crude plant extracts, we selected representatives of four different transcription factor families (zinc finger GATA, basic helix-loop-helix, BTF3/NAC [for basic transcription factor of the NAC family], and YABBY) that have increasing transcript levels during the stages of seedling cotyledon development. Antibodies to synthetic peptides representing the transcription factors were printed on both glass slides and silicon-substrate PC slides along with antibodies to abundant cotyledon proteins, seed lectin, and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. The silicon-substrate PC arrays proved more sensitive than those performed on glass slides, detecting rare proteins that were below background on the glass slides. The zinc finger transcription factor was detected on the PC arrays in crude extracts of all stages of the seedling cotyledons, whereas YABBY seemed to be at the lower limit of their sensitivity. Interestingly, the basic helix-loop-helix and NAC proteins showed developmental profiles consistent with their transcript patterns, indicating proof of concept for detecting these low-abundance proteins in crude extracts.
Crystal structure of β-D,L-allose
Authors: Ishii Tomohiko , Senoo Tatsuya , Kozakai Taro , Fukada Kazuhiro , Sakane Genta
Published: January 2015

The title compound, C6H12O6, a C-3 position epimer of glucose, was crystallized from an equimolar mixture of D- and L-allose. It was confirmed that D-allose (L-allose) formed β-pyranose with a4C1(1C4) conformation in the crystal. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bond, forming a three-dimensional framework. The cell volume of the racemic β-D,L-allose is 739.36 (3) Å3, which is about 10 Å3smaller than that of chiral β-D-allose [V= 751.0 (2) Å3].
Crystal structure of bis[μ-methoxy(pyridin-2-yl)methanolato-κ3N,O:O]bis[chloridocopper(II)]
Authors: Boonlue Sujirat , Sirikulkajorn Anchalee , Chainok Kittipong
Published: January 2015

The racemic title compound, [Cu2(C7H8NO2)2Cl2], is composed of dinuclear molecules in which methoxy(pyridin-2-yl)methanolate ligands bridge two symmetry-related CuIIions. Each CuIIion is coordinated in a square-planar geometry by one Cl atom, the N and O atoms of the bidentate ligand and the bridging O atom of the centrosymmetrically related bidentate ligand. The separation between the two CuIIatoms is 3.005 (1) Å. In the crystal, non-classical C—H...O hydrogen bonds, weak π–π stacking [centroid–centroid distance = 4.073 (1) Å] and weak electrostatic Cu...Cl interactions [3.023 (1) Å] link the dinuclear molecules into chains running parallel to thebaxis. These chains are further connected by weak C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds directed approximately along theaaxis, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
Crystal structure of chlorido{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[2-(2,2-dimethylpropanamido)phenyl]porphyrinato-κ4N}iron(III)
Authors: Awasabisah Dennis , Powell Douglas R. , Richter-Addo George B.
Published: January 2015

The title compound, [Fe(C64H64N8O4)Cl], is a five-coordinate square-pyramidal porphyrin complex with a chloride ion in the axial position, being coordinated from the protected side of the porphyrin; the FeIIIatom is displaced by 0.474 (5) Å from the 24-atom mean plane of the porphyrin core towards the chloride. The porphyrin moiety is a `picket-fence' 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[2-(2,2-dimethylpropanamido)phenyl]porphyrinate (por) group. The Fe—Cl bond length is 2.221 (2) Å and the Fe—N(por) bond lengths are in the range 2.043 (5)–2.063 (5) Å. The supramolecular architecture of the crystal is sustained by C—H...O interactions between the pyrrolic and phenyl H atoms of one molecule and the carbonyl O atoms of the 2,2-dimethylpropanamido groups of adjacent molecules. The methyl groups of three of the fourtert-butyl substituents exhibited rotational disorder over two positions. The investigated crystal was twinned by a twofold rotation about the (001) axis with a refined twin ratio of 0.4086 (16).
Publishing success of marketing academics: antecedents and outcomes
Authors: Richard James , Plimmer Geoff , Fam Kim-Shyan , Campbell Charles
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between positive incentives (perceived organisational support) and negative incentives (publish or perish), on both academic publication productivity and marketing academics’ quality of life. While publish-or-perish pressure is a common technique to improve academics’ performance, its punishment orientation may be poorly suited to the uncertain, creative work that research entails and be harmful to academics’ life satisfaction and other well-being variables. In particular, it may interfere with family commitments, and harm the careers of academic women. While perceived organisational support may be effective in encouraging research outputs and be positive for well-being, it may be insufficient as a motivator in the increasingly competitive and pressured world of academia. These issues are important for individual academics, for schools wishing to attract good staff, and the wider marketing discipline wanting to ensure high productivity and quality of life amongst its members.

Design/methodology/approach

– A conceptual model was developed and empirically tested using self-report survey data from 1,005 academics across five continents. AMOS structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data.

Findings

– The findings indicate that the most important determinants of publishing success and improved well-being of academics is organisational support rather than a “publish-or-perish” culture.

Research limitations/implications

– The use of a self-report survey may have an impact (and potential bias) on the perceived importance and career effect of a “publish-or-perish” culture. However, current levels of the publish-or-perish culture appear to have become harmful, even for top academic publishers. Additional longitudinal data collection is proposed.

Practical implications

– The challenge to develop tertiary systems that support and facilitate world-leading research environments may reside more in organisational support, both perceived and real, rather than a continuation (or adoption) of a publish-or-perish environment. There are personal costs, in the form of health concerns and work–family conflict, associated with academic success, more so for women than men.

Originality/value

– This study is the first to empirically demonstrate the influence and importance of “publish-or-perish” and“perceived organisational support” management approaches on marketing academic publishing performance and academic well-being.
Names versus faces: examining spokesperson-based congruency effects in advertising
Authors: Ilicic Jasmina , Baxter Stacey M , Kulczynski Alicia
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to compare the influence of spokesperson appearance (visual congruence) and the sounds contained in a spokesperson’s name (verbal congruence) on consumer perceptions of spokesperson–product fit.

Design/methodology/approach

– Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 ensured that verbal congruence impacted perceptions of spokesperson–product fit. Experiment 2 compared the effect of verbal congruence versus traditional match-up (visual congruence) on perceptions of spokesperson–product fit. The mediating role of spokesperson–product fit on attitude towards the advertisement and the moderating role of need for cognition (NFC) was also tested.

Findings

– Findings indicate that verbal congruence influences consumer perceptions of fit, regardless of visual congruence. Perceptions of spokesperson–product fit also act as mediators between visual and verbal congruence and attitude towards the advertisement. However, verbal congruence did not influence consumer perceptions of spokesperson–product fit when the NFC was low.

Research limitations/implications

– This research has implications for advertisers and brand managers considering the creation of a name for a non-celebrity spokesperson or the development of a brand/spokes-character. However, this research is limited, as it examines only male names.

Originality/value

– This research shows that perceptions of spokesperson and product fit are not only influenced by spokesperson appearance (visual congruence) but also by spokesperson name (verbal congruence). This research also identifies limitations of the applicability of phonetic symbolism theory by identifying a condition under which phonetic symbolism (verbal congruence) exerts no effects on perceptions of spokesperson–product fit.
Guidance on applying the viable system model
Authors: Hildbrand Sandra , Bodhanya Shamim
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– Although many cases where viable system model (VSM) was successfully applied exist, hardly any literature advises the novice VSM user regarding the accomplishment of a VSM diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to show practitioners and researchers how to conduct a VSM diagnosis. The paper further seeks to encourage others to apply VSM and to share their experience with using VSM.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper provides detailed guidelines on how to conduct a VSM diagnosis in conjunction with qualitative research methods. It outlines the data collection, analysis and presentation of results.

Findings

– VSM is an outstanding diagnostic tool. Qualitative research methods provide access to the essential information for the VSM diagnosis and should be used in iteration with VSM. They can enhance the VSM diagnosis by focusing on the soft aspects in the investigated system. The VSM language needs to be adapted to the specific context in which VSM is used and VSM can be applied in a participatory manner. Further research needs to explore possibilities to strengthen the handling of detected shortcomings that were revealed during the VSM diagnosis.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper is based on one experience with the VSM application and other VSM users might provide different insights.

Originality/value

– There is little practical advice in existing literature regarding the accomplishment of a VSM diagnosis. This paper addresses that gap. In addition, VSM has not been applied to a sugarcane production and supply system before.
An innovative approach to measuring technology spillovers in service-dominant logic
Authors: Hsieh Yen-Hao , Yuan Soe-Tsyr
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a service-dominant (S-D) logic-based input-output analysis approach to systematically measure the effects of technology spillover in the service sector.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study uses a case to demonstrate the feasibility and contributions of the S-D logic-based input-output analysis approach.

Findings

– This study adopted the idea of customer involvement to formulate the S-D logic-based input-output analysis approach. Service providers can apply this systematical approach to find potential opportunities to spread information technology and co-create values with customers.

Originality/value

– The S-D logic-based input-output analysis approach has elasticity to dynamically employ different perspectives to evaluate the effects of technology spillovers in order for integrity and precision. The proposed approach is to delineate the possible target values that related to specific services based on the notions of operant resources and customer involvement in a selected service sector. Service providers within the service sector have to offer innovative service activities and manage existing services for customers to participate in.