bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intervenções fisioterapêuticas e sua efetividade na reabilitação do paciente acometido por acidente vascular cerebral
Authors: Siqueira Sandro , Schneiders Paloma Borba , Da Silva Andréa Lúcia Gonçalves
Published: September 2019

Introdução: Pelo fato do perí­odo pós Acidente Vascular Cerebral requerer de uma série de cuidados especiais, os profissionais da saúde atuantes em sua reabilitação devem apresentar adequado tratamento ao paciente e para isto deve atualizar-se dos métodos existentes. Por apresentar maior número de sequelas sensório motoras, o fisioterapeuta é um dos profissionais indispensáveis para o devido tratamento. Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre os métodos fisioterapêuticos e a sua efetividade na reabilitação de sequelas após AVC. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de literatura na qual se utilizou para busca, as bases de dados Pubmed, Bireme, Scielo, Lilacs e Medline, no perí­odo de janeiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2018. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.913 estudos com as palavras-chave selecionadas, e destes foram mantidos 15 estudos relevantes para o tratamento fisioterapêutico na reabilitação de sequelas após AVC. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se vasto campo de métodos fisioterapêuticos eficazes para a reabilitação após AVC, que irão auxiliar de forma objetiva e construtiva na abordagem do fisioterapeuta.Palavras-chave: acidente vascular cerebral, fisioterapia, modalidades da fisioterapia.
Efeitos do fortalecimento muscular do assoalho pélvico em pacientes pós-acidente vascular encefálico com incontinência urinária
Authors: Da Silva Débora Alves , Ferreira Waléria Aparecida Costa , Avelino Patrick Roberto , Costa Henrique Silveira , De Menezes Kênia Kiefer Parreiras
Published: September 2019

Introdução: Pacientes pós-acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) apresentam alterações motoras, causando perda de força muscular, que afeta inclusive os músculos do assoalho pélvico. Essa perda de força pode levar a incontinência urinária que consiste na perda involuntária de urina. A Sociedade Internacional de Incontinência Urinária (SIC) indicou a fisioterapia como tratamento de primeira linha para a incontinência urinária, mas ainda não foram encontradas revisões sistemáticas da literatura que avalie o efeito do fortalecimento muscular do assoalho pélvico em pacientes pós-AVE com IU. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre os efeitos do fortalecimento do assoalho pélvico em pacientes pós-AVE com IU. Métodos: Buscas nas bases Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, PEDro, sem restrição de data ou idioma de publicação. Foram utilizadas combinações de palavras-chave, tais como: acidente vascular encefálico, reabilitação, incontinência urinária, fisioterapia, assoalho pélvico, além de seus respectivos termos em inglês. Os estudos foram analisados por dois avaliadores independentes. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluí­dos foi avaliada de acordo com a escala PEDro. Resultados: A estratégia de busca resultou em 693 artigos, e após a análise de tí­tulos, resumos e textos completos, realizados por dois avaliadores independentes, foram excluí­dos 688, restando cinco artigos selecionados para a presente revisão sistemática. Em geral, os estudos mostraram que os pacientes pós-AVE obtiveram melhora em todas as medidas de desfecho investigadas (força, resistência e atividade dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, frequência de micção, número de episódios de incontinência, número de absorventes usados, quantidade da perda de urina, função do trato urinário inferior, sintomas da bexiga hiperativa e independência funcional), exceto na qualidade de vida e impacto da incontinência, tanto a curto como a longo prazo. Conclusão: Os resultados parecem promissores em relação í  eficácia do fortalecimento muscular do assoalho pélvico como uma intervenção para a reabilitação de indiví­duos com IU pós-AVE. No entanto, tais conclusões se baseiam em apenas cinco estudos, de qualidade metodológica moderada, necessitando de mais estudos sobre o assunto.Palavras-chave: acidente vascular encefálico, reabilitação, incontinência urinária, fisioterapia, músculos do assoalho pélvico.
Avaliação do comportamento cardiovascular de gestantes durante o repouso e na fase de relaxamento de um protocolo aquático terapêutico de moderada intensidade
Authors: De Brito Analice Cardoso , Pereira Andresa Lima , Aragão Bianca Vasconcelos , Silva Cristiano Sales , Da Silva Baldomero Antonio Kato
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento cardiovascular de gestantes, durante o repouso e fase de relaxamento de um protocolo aquático terapêutico de moderada intensidade. Métodos: Foram estudadas 10 gestantes, com média de 21,8 ± 4,0 semanas de gestação. Antes e após o protocolo foram aferidas a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), e posicionado o cardiofrequencí­metro para coleta das oscilações cardí­acas dos intervalos RR. Em seguida, as gestantes permaneceram em repouso, por um perí­odo de 5 minutos, e foram submetidas a um protocolo de exercí­cios aquático terapêutico composto por aquecimento, alongamento, fortalecimento e relaxamento. Resultados: Completaram o estudo 10 participantes, com idade média de 23,8 ± 5,2 anos. Não houve diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre os valores de PAS e PAD em repouso e pós-protocolo. Em relação aos í­ndices da variabilidade de frequência cardí­aca-VFC (Mean RR, Mean HR, RMSSD, SD1) também não foi observado diferença significativa ao comparar o perí­odo de repouso e a fase de relaxamento. Conclusão: Dessa forma, os resultados do estudo e achados disponí­veis atualmente sugerem que a prática de exercí­cio fí­sico em intensidade moderada no meio aquático é segura, visto que as gestantes apresentaram respostas autonômicas eficientes nas fases de pós-exercí­cio.Palavras-chave: gestação, hidroterapia, sistema cardiovascular, variabilidade da frequência cardí­aca.Â
Frequency of HLA-B27 gene among patients with ankylosing spondylitis and its consequences on clinical manifestation
Authors: Mekhola Marjoa Humaira , Chowdhury Mohammad Abdul Jalil , Ahmed Mohammad Shamim , Khan Abed Hussain , Paul Shrebash
Published: September 2019

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disease and leading case of back pain worldwide. It is thought that the gene human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27) provides a strong tendency in people to develop ankylosing spondylitis. This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of HLA-B27 among patients with ankylosing spondylitis and clinical manifestation among the HLA-B27 positive and negative patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine and Department Rheumatology of BSMMU, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1st January 2016 to 30th June 2016.

Results: Total 70 patients were included in this study, among those 54 were male and 16 were female and total 54 patients (77.14%) were HLA-B27 positive and 16 patients (22.86%) were HLA-B27 negative. Most HLAB27 positive patients had extra-articular manifestation, family history of low back pain and high level of BASDAI score, compared to those who were negative. Among the 54 positive patients, 9 (16.67%) had combination of tendinitis, enthesitis and uveitis and 2 (3.70%) had all four of extra-articular manifestation. Among the 16 negative patients, 2 (12.5%) had all four extra-articular manifestation. Among 16 negative patients 9 (56.25%) had raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and 5 (31.25%) had raised C-reactive protein (CRP). On the other hand, among 54 positive patients 48 (88.89%) had raised ESR and 44 (81.48%) had raised CRP.

Conclusion: The association of HLA-B27 might be the reason of disease severity among the positive patients.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 188-192
Risk factors for acute kidney injury among patients with chikungunya: a multi-center experience from the 2017 chikungunya outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Shahana , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Ananna Mehruba Alam , Jahan Ishrat , Chowdhury Tufayel Ahmed , Iqbal Sarwar , Uddin Khwaja Nazim , Latif Zafar Ahmed
Published: September 2019

Background: Chikungunya is an emerging viral infection in Bangladesh. This self-limiting febrile illness may have acute life-threating features including cardiomyopathy and encephalitis. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is less well described complication of chikungunya. This study was designed to evaluate risk factors for AKI among patients with chikungunya virus infection.

Methods: This case-control study was done in 3 different centers in Dhaka, Bangladesh from July to October 2017. Adult patients (>18 years) with confirmed diagnosis of chikungunya were included in this study. AKI was diagnosed as per Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Patients suffering from chikungunya complicated by AKI were cases and those without AKI were controls.

Results: Total patients were 107 (male 61) with a mean age of 35.6 (range 19-84) years. Common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (DM) (20.6%), hypertension (17.8%) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (12.1%). Common presentations included fever (86.9%) or recent history of fever (13.1%), joint pain (88.8%), rash (23.4%), pruritus (15.9%), gastro-intestinal (GI) features like diarrhea and/or vomiting (28%), lymphadenopathy (12.1%), gum swelling/oral ulcer (4.1%) and oedema (8.4%). Fourteen (13.1%) patients required hospitalization. Eleven (10.3%) cases were complicated by AKI. Among the risk factors for AKI, comorbidities like DM (OR 28.73, 95% CI 5.57-148.10, p 0.0001) and CKD (OR 31.0, 95% CI 2.94-326.7, p <0.0001), GI features (OR 16.07, 95% CI 3.22-80.14, p 0.0007), requirement of hospitalization (OR 23.10, 95% CI 2.37-226.31, p <0.0001) and use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) (OR 6.65, 95% CI 1.77-24.98, p 0.005) were significant.

Conclusions: One-tenth of adult patients suffering from chikungunya were complicated by AKI in this study. DM, CKD, diarrhea and/or vomiting, hospitalization and use of ACEIs/ARBs appeared as significant risk factors for AKI.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 193-196
Hypolipidemic activity of ethanolic extract of Caulerpa recemosa
Authors: Rahman Sayeeda Monira , Neaz Sharif , Alam Md Morshed , Nur Jasmin
Published: September 2019

Background: Caulerpa recemosa, also known as sea grape, is a stout straggling prostrate shrubby plant with spinous stipules and uniaxial siphonous thallus, mostly divided into a creeping axis (stolon), with rhizoids and erect shoots (fronds), either nude, leaf-like or with grape or feather-like ramuli. Caulerpa racemosa has erect fronds up to 9-13 cm high bearing un-crowded vesiculate ramuli that are radially arranged. Fronds are slightly inflated above the attachment to the stolon which are fixed to the substrate by thin short rhizoids. It is collected from St. Martin’s Island locally called ‘Narikel Jinjira’, located on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh for the present study, ethanol extract of Caulerpa recemosa has been screened for its hypolipidemic activity.

Methods: Hypolipidemic activity was screened by inducing hyperlipidemia with the help of atherogenic diet in wistar albino rats and serum levels of various biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined. Atherogenic index shows the measure of the atherogenic potential of the drugs.

Results: Ethanol extract showed significant (p < 0.01) hypolipidemic effect by lowering the serum levels of biochemical parameters such as significant reduction in the level of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and increase in high density lipoprotein level which was similar to the standard drug atorvastatin. Ethanol extract exhibited significant atherogenic index andpercentage protection against hyperlipidemia. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phytoconstituents such as steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, phenoliccompounds.

Conclusion: The overall experimental results suggest that the biologically active phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, glycosides alkaloids present in the ethanolic extract of Caulerpa racemosa may be responsible for the significant hypolipidemic activity and the results may justify the use of Caulerpa racemosa as a significant hypolipidemic agent.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 197-201
Vitamin D status in Bangladeshi subjects: a laboratory based study
Authors: Islam AKM Monwarul , Hasan Md Nayeemul , Rahman Kazi Mizanur , Asaduzzaman Md , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Zaman Shahana , Islam Md Rashedul , Jesmin Humayra , Yeasmin Lovely
Published: September 2019

Background: Vitamin D plays important role in normal functioning of multiple organs of the body. Hypovitaminosis D is known to be prevalent worldwide including the tropical countries. The present study was carried out to evaluate the vitamin D status in Bangladeshi patients undergoing laboratory investigation for vitamin D.

Methods: This was a laboratory-based study. Data were extracted from the database of a diagnostic centre of Dhaka city and were analysed. Vitamin D status was defined as follows: deficiency 0 to <20 ng/ml, insufficiency 20 to <30 ng/ml, sufficiency 30-100 ng/ml and potential toxicity >100 ng/ml.

Results: A total of 793 plasma vitamin D level reports were analysed. Out of 793 subjects, 269 (33.9%) were male and 524 (66.1%) were female. Majority (62.0%) were between 21 and 60 years of age. Mean (+/- standard deviation) vitamin D level of the study subjects was 21.66 (+/- 18.63) ng/ml. Eighty-six percent had hypovitaminosis D; 61.4% had deficiency and 24.1% had insufficiency. Vitamin D level was found sufficient in 13.1% subjects. Among the deficient subjects, 31.6% were male and 68.4% were female; among the insufficient subjects, 35.1% were male and 64.9% were female. Sixty-eight percent of the deficient subjects belonged to the 21 to 60 year age group, whereas 57.1% of the insufficient subjects were between 21 and 60 years.

Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is common among the real-world clinical subjects undergoing vitamin D estimation in Bangladesh. Middle-aged females are more likely to be affected

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 202-206
Glutamic acid decarboxylase positivity in selected group of Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Islam Nazimul , Begum Tanjima , Chowdhury Ashesh Kumar , Miazi Umarah , Alam Md Soharab , Khan Naimul Islam , Karim Afsana
Published: September 2019

Background: Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) test positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).These individuals have been referred to as having latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) or type 1.5 diabetes. LADA refers to a specific type of diabetes affecting adult patients, characterized by presence of islet auto-antibodies, insulin independence at the time of diagnosis and characterized by slower beta cell destruction. The aim of this study was to indentify GAD positivity in a selected group of Bangladeshi T2DM patients and compare the clinical characteristics of GAD positive and negative subjects.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka. Recently diagnosed drug-naive patients with T2DM were evaluated. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria 100 subjects were screened. These patients allowed for the assessment of GAD positivity along with anthropometric and biochemical characteristics.

Results: A total of 100 newly diagnosed (within 6 months) T2DM patients in age group 30-70 years were selected for this study. Of them men and women were 59.6% and 40.4% respectively. The GAD antibody positive was found to be 10%. There was no significant difference in respect of age, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL and blood pressure between GAD positive and GAD negative subjects.

Conclusion: The presence of GAD positivity was 10% among adult patients with newly diagnosed T2DM which wasvery high in Bangladeshi population. Further long term prospective studies need to be essential to identify the actual situation of GAD positive subjects and to determine their clinical course and optimal treatment regimens.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 213-217
Comparison of demographic and virological profiles between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cirrhosis of liver
Authors: Mamoon Md Abdullah Al , Bhuiyan Tareq Mahmud , Azam Mohammad Golam , Hoque Md Nazmul , Hossain Riad Md Moshaed
Published: September 2019

Background: Cirrhosis of liver is the most common cause of liver disease in our country. It is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus infection are the important causes of liver disease in our country. Many people present to us with established cirrhosis of liver. The aim of our study is to compare the demographic and virological profiles between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cirrhosis of liver.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2018 to December 2018 in Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital and in Supreme Medical Services, Jatrabari, Dhaka. Cirrhosis of liver was diagnosed with the help of ultrasonography of whole abdomen, endoscopy of upper gastro-intestinal tract (GIT), fibroscan of liver and liver biopsy where indicated.

Results: Total 465 cases were enrolled in this study. Of them 272 patients were diabetic and 193 patients were non- diabetic. The study reached its various findings from the view point in our country. Most diabetic patients were between the age 51 to 60 (57.4%) and in non-diabetic patients between the age 41 to 50 (31.1%) (p<.001). Cirrhosis of liver was more common in non-diabetic, male (69.4%) patients but it was more common in female (48.2%), diabetic patient (p<.001). Female patients were mostly house wife in both diabetic (45.2%) and nondiabetic group (24.9%) (p<.001). Male patients were mostly in service in both diabetic (20.6%) and in nondiabetic group (32.6%) (p<.001). Most of the people live in urban area in both diabetic (70.6%) and nondiabetic group (53.9%) (p<.001). Hepatitis B virus infection was significantly higher in cirrhotic, non-diabetic than diabetic group (49.7% vs 21.3%) (p<0.001) but Hepatitis C virus infection was significantly higher in cirrhotic diabetic group than non-diabetic group (14.3% vs 8.8%) (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Hepatitis B virus is the leading cause of cirrhosis of liver in male, non-diabetic patient and Hepatitis C virus is the leading cause of cirrhosis of liver in female, diabetic patient.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 229-233
Role of immunohistochemistry in cell block sections for categorization of non-small cell carcinoma of lung
Authors: Yasmin Shamoli , Haque Wasim Selimul , Islam Sk Md Jaynul , Khondoker Mostare , Giti Susane
Published: September 2019

Background: Computed tomography (CT) guided fine needle aspiration and cytology (FNAC) is a useful modality which aids in early and fairly accurate diagnosis of mass lesions of lungs specially the malignant ones. Previously in patients with primary lung cancer the most important consideration was to discriminate between small cell and non-small cell carcinoma (NSCC) of the lung. With advancement of cancer therapy, sub-typing of NSCC has become very important. The aims of the study were to evaluate the pathological spectrum of the pulmonary diseases in CT guided FNAC of lung mass lesions and utility of limited immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cell block sections to subcategorize NSCC.

Methods: The study was carried out at Department of Histopathology in Armed Forces Institute of Pathology from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. It involved total 140 patients who underwent CT guided FNAC in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka for lung mass lesions. Aspiration was done by pathologist and obtained material was used to make slide smears and cell blocks. Both FNAC smears and cell block sections were examined by histopathologists. The entities diagnosed as NSCC and poorly differentiated carcinomas in FNAC were treated with limited IHC panel in cell block sections.

Results: Out of 140 cases 110 were male and 30 were female patients. Age range was from 18 to 85 years, (mean age 60±13.5). Total 83(59%) malignant neoplasms and 57(41%) benign lesions were diagnosed. Among the benign lesions, 28 were diagnosed as granulomatous lesion suggestive of tuberculosis and rests were nonspecific inflammatory lesion. In FNAC smear, small cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 16.9% (14/83) of all malignant lesions, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 26.5% (22/83) patients and adenocarcinoma in 22.9% (19/83) patients. Twenty-five patients were categorized as NSCC as they could not be further subcategorized in FNAC as SCC/adenocarcinoma. Three patients were categorized as poorly differentiated carcinoma as their cytological features could not rule in/out small cell carcinoma. NSCC and poorly differentiated carcinoma diagnosed by FNAC were33.7% (28/83). Cell blocks of all of them were examined, three of NSCC cell blocks were found inadequate for evaluation. All of the rest cases underwent limited IHC panel in cell block sections and were further subcategorized; 13 as SCC and 12 as adenocarcinoma. Total cases of SCC diagnosed in the study after IHC on cell block sections were 35/83(42%) followed by adenocarcinoma 31/83, (33.35%).

Conclusion: CT guided FNAC is an effective tool and can be used for fairly accurate and early diagnosis of lung mass lesions. Immunohistochemistry on cell block sections can be used as an effective tool for categorization of NSCC.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 223-228
Drugs used in prostatic enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms: unseen and overlooked effects on sexual health
Authors: Ashrafuzzaman SM , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Latif Zafar Ahmed
Published: September 2019

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common genitourinary complications in men over 50 years of age and typically presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and may need medical and occasionally surgical interventions. Few of them may only need advice on behavioral modification like less water intake after sunset, avoid tea, coffee after evening, avoid alcohol and less use of diuretics. The symptoms related to BPH or LUTS without any prostatic enlargement are incomplete voiding, frequency, intermittency, urgency, weak stream, straining and nocturia. For most patients with mild to moderate symptoms of BPH [International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) <8 or 8-19 respectively] monotherapy with an á-1-adrenergic antagonist remains initial treatment. The choice of specific á-adrenergic antagonist agent is generally based on cost and side effect profile. Other classes of medications include 5á-reductase inhibitors and phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitors. In men who have mild to moderate symptoms of BPH and concomitant erectile dysfunction (ED), PDE-5 inhibitors are reasonable alternative. Now a days á-1-adrenoceptor blockers and 5á-reductase inhibitors are often combined to give a synergistic effect. A review of the current literature identified several adverse sexual side effects, including ED, decreased libido, orgasmic disorders and ejaculatory disorders. It is important to know the extent of these side effects, as the clinician and patient will need to decide the cost of improved voiding symptoms. The prime adverse effect is ejaculatory disorders including the absence of ejaculation. Clinical consideration for BPH/LUTS should include the elements of male sexual function, patient’s age and the characteristics and comprehensive effects of each group of drugs. Methodological bias in clinical studies, such as the subjective evaluation of the sexual side effect makes it difficult to determine the ideal drug for treatment. Men without ED or irritant symptoms who desire medical therapy but cannot tolerate á-1-adrenergic antagonists and do not have predominately irritant symptoms or concomitant ED, treatment with a 5á-reductase inhibitor is a reasonable. Treatment for 6 to 12 months is generally needed before prostate size is sufficiently reduced to improve symptoms. Symptoms are usually reversible, so drugs may need to be continued for long time or indefinitely under supervision of specialist.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 240-247
Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD-II): A rare case report
Authors: Sobhan Rezwana , Khan Hafsa Hasan , Pathan Md Faruque , Afsana Faria , Amin Feroz
Published: September 2019

Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD-II) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of intrauterine growth restriction, post-natal growth deficiency and microcephaly. Individuals affected by this disease present at an adult height of less than 100 cm, a post-pubertal head circumference of 40 cm or less, mild mental retardation, an outgoing personality and skeletal dysplasia, renal, hematopoietic abnormalities, cerebral vascular anomalies (aneurysm and Moyamoya disease). It is an autosomal recessive syndrome with equal gender occurrence involving the DNA damage-response PCNT gene. Here is an interesting case report of a 15-year-old boy, who presented with growth failure since age of one year, noticed by his parents with history of low birth weight (1.5 kg), delayed developmental milestones, microcephaly, low IQ and difficulty in walking due to short left leg. He had bird like head with beaked nose, crowding of teeth and malocclusion. Complete blood picture and hormonal analysis are within normal range except low growth hormone, typical radiographic features including severe scoliosis and dislocation of hip correlated with MOPD-II. Growth hormone therapy was thought to be ineffective. Genetic counselling is important to prevent the occurrence of MOPD-II.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 254-256
A case of ANCA associated vasculitis presented with mononeuritis multiplex
Authors: Rahman Tanbin , Islam Md Rashedul , Khan Mohammad Sakhawat Hossen , Quddus Sharif Mohammad Ruhul , Alam Dilruba , Habib Rumana
Published: September 2019

Mononeuritis multiplex is a common manifestation of many illnesses which includes diabetes, leprosy, malignancy and certain types of systemic vasculitis. The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of rare diseases which show typical characteristic inflammatory cell infiltration and blood vessel wall necrosis. AAV syndromes include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilicgranulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Here we present a patient who presented with mononeuritis multiplex and had features ofEGPA. The patient was treated with standard regimen of steroids and pulsed cyclophosphamide and she achieved good clinical response.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 257-260
Farmers’ awareness regarding deforestation at Jalma union of Batiaghata upazila under Khulna district of Bangladesh
Authors: Mondol Shipra , Mollick Archona , Ahmed Mohammad Bashir , Islam Md Matiul
Published: September 2019

Deforestation causes environmental degradation. Awareness of the people might have influence on reduction of deforestation. The main purposes of the study were to determine the farmers’ awareness regarding deforestation and to explore relationship between the selected characteristics of the farmers and their awareness. The study was conducted to only one village namely Raingamari (The project village of Khulna University) of Jalma union under Batiaghata upazila of Khulna district. Data were collected from 53 family heads of the village on their 10 selected characteristics such as age, educational qualification, farming experience, family size, farm size, family income, organizational participation, cosmopoliteness, extension media contact, training exposure. Data were also collected on farmers’ awareness regarding deforestation. Data were collected from the respondents during April to July 2017 through personal interview using a pretested interview schedule. Most of the respondents were highly aware of deforestation. The respondents showed highest level of awareness regarding “deforestation causes greenhouse effect which consequently increase the average temperature of the earth” while they were less aware regarding “deforestation threatens the livelihoods and cultural integrity of people that depend on forest”. Among the 10 selected characteristics of the respondents, educational qualification, organizational participation, extension media contact showed positive significant relationships with their awareness regarding deforestation while only the annual income had the negative significant relationship with their awareness regarding deforestation.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 193-202, August 2019
Performance of salinity tolerance of F3 rice lines of BRRI dhan 29 × PBRC (STL-20) using RAPD markers
Authors: Mazumder Nazmul Islam , Sultana Tania , Paul Prtitish Chandra , Roy Dinesh Chandra , Sushmoy Deboprio Roy , Haque Md Shamiul , Razia Sultana , Noor Md Mahmud Al
Published: September 2019

Twenty six rice lines of PBRC (salt tolerant line-20) × BRRI dhan-29 were used to evaluate salinity tolerance at the seedling stage and tested for salt tolerance using RAPD markers. Salinity screening was done using hydrophonic system at the greenhouse following IRRI standard protocol. Among the studied line, ten were moderately salinity tolerant, nine susceptible and rest of the lines highly susceptible. For assessing genetic diversity and relationship of F3 rice lines including two parents were tested against PCR-based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique using three arbitrary decamer primers; OPA02, OPC01, and OPC12. Selected three primers generated a total of 14 bands. Out of 14 bands, 12 bands (86.67%) were polymorphic and 2 bands (13.33%) were monomorphic. The Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) dendrogram constructed from Nei’s (1972) genetic distance produced 2 main clusters of the 28 rice genotypes. Most of the moderately tolerant lines and PBRC (STL-20) (tolerant variety) were grouped in same cluster due to lower genetic distance, while maximum susceptible along with BRRI dhan29 (susceptible variety) showed higher genetic distance with PBRC (STL-20) and moderately tolerant lines. This result indicates that the lines which formed grouped together, they are less diversed. On the other hand the lines remain in different clusters or different groups, are much diversed. Thus RAPD perform a potentially simple, rapid and reliable method to evaluate genetic diversity and molecular characterization as well.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 215-225, August 2019
Performance of organic manures on the growth and yield of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and soil properties
Authors: Mondal M Monjurul Alam , Ahmed Farid , Nabi KM Eadun , Noor Md Mahmud Al , Mondal Md Tanjilur Rahman
Published: September 2019

The experiment was carried out at the research farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during December 2015 to January 2016 to evaluate the effects of cow dung (CD), poultry manure (PM) and mustard oil cake (MOC) along with NPK fertilizer amendments on the growth and yield performances of red amaranth in silty loam soil. The treatments were (i) NPK (control), (ii) NPK + CD, (iii) NPK + PM and (iv) NPK + MOC. All three types of manures significantly increased the plant height and numbers of leaves plant-1, thereby fresh weight, yield compared with the control (NPK). The best results in terms of vegetable fresh yield were obtained in the following order: NPK > CD > PM > MOC. Application of MOC is not beneficial due to 30 times higher price than CD and PM. PM added NPK fertilizer combination showed higher vegetable yield (10.87 t ha-1) than CD added NPK fertilizer combination (10.17 t ha-1). PM added fertilizer combination also had almost equal investment and cost-benefit ratio in comparison with CD. The lowest marginal benefit-cost ratio (1.09) was observed in MOC added NPK fertilizer combination though it showed higher vegetable yield (11.08 t ha-1). The farmers’ can be recommended to follow NPK + CD fertilizer combination. Manures applied post soil analysis showed improves the soil physiochemical properties.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 263-269, August 2019
Effects of salinity and variety on yield contributing characters and yield of Red amaranth
Authors: Hossain Md Shahdat , Alam ABM Shafiul , Bipa Momtahina , Rahman Md Sefaur , Siddeka Sharifa
Published: September 2019

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity and variety on yield and yield contributing characters of Red amaranth at Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment consisted of three varieties viz; Altapety, RM, Deshi and four levels of salinity viz; 0mM, 25mM, 50mM and 75mM. The experiment was laid out following RCBD with three replications. Variety had significant effect on yield characters and yield. The highest average weight of plant (9.69 g/pot), highest average root weight (2.13 g/pot), highest average root length (10.28 g/pot) and highest yield per pot (237.08g) were found from the variety Altapety and the lowest average weight of plant (7.67 g/pot), lowest average root weight (2.03 g/pot), lowest average root length (8.83 g/pot) and yield per pot (198.58g) were found from the variety RM. Salinity had significant effect on yield characters and yield. The highest average weight of plant (10.22 g/pot) was recorded from the variety Altapety at the application of 25mM NaCl, highest average of root weight (2.27 g/pot) was recorded from the variety Altapety at the application of 25mM NaCl, highest average of root length (10.29 g/pot) was recorded from the variety Altapety at the application of 25mM NaCl and yield (259.56g/pot) were found from the application of 25mM NaCl. The lowest average weight of plant (6.93 g/pot) was recorded from the variety RM at the application of 75mM NaCl solution, lowest average of root weight (1.78 g/pot) was recorded from the variety RM at the application of 75mM NaCl solution, lowest average of root length (8.12g/pot) was recorded from the variety RM at the application of 75mM NaCl solution and yield per pot (154.44g) were found from the application of 75mM NaCl.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 271-278, August 2019
Surveillance of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Anik Md Tanvir Anjum , Farjana Thahsin
Published: September 2019

Mosquitoes are considered the most important arthropod vectors in the world. Mosquito borne diseases are major public health problems in most of tropical and subtropical countries. An investigation was performed at Bagha upazila in Rajshahi district to identify the mosquito species and their breeding sites at the study area. Adult mosquitoes were collected by insect collecting net, light traps and human bait method and larvae were collected by dipper, mug, ladle spoon and dropper. A total of 1947 adult mosquitoes and 1376 larvae were collected and identified. Total ten species of adult mosquitoes and nine species of larvae under two genera were identified. The collected mosquitoes were belonging to two genera- Anopheles (An.) and Culex (Cx.). The identified species were Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. whitmorei, Cx. fuscanus, Cx. fuscocephala, An. aconitus, An. vagus and An. barbirostris. In both cases of larvae and adult mosquitoes, Culex was found more prevalent than Anopheles. In case of larvae the prevalence was 75.8% and 24.2%, and in case of adult it was 71.2% and 28.8% for Culex and Anopheles, respectively. Among the all identified mosquitoes, Cx. quinquefasciatus showed the highest abundance in both cases of larval (23.5%) and adult mosquitoes (25.2%). From the survey it has been apparent that the Culex species may prefer the polluted water bodies in the locality like households, dairy sheds and drains whereas Anopheles species may prefer agricultural fields, and dairy sheds. This study will help to detect the breeding sites of mosquitoes in study areas and to take necessary steps to control mosquitoes and mosquito borne diseases.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 329-336, August 2019
Efficacy and suitability of whole wheat flour on the growth and survival of Rohu (Labeo rohita)
Authors: Sarker Shovon , Rohani Md Fazle , Rahman Md Shafiqur , Hossain Md Sazzad
Published: September 2019

The efficacy and suitability of dietary whole wheat flour supplementation was evaluated on the growth performance and survival of rohu (Labeo rohita). The study was conducted in 12 experimental aquaria at the Wet Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. A total of 180 fingerlings of mean initial weight of 1.744±00 g were stocked at the same stocking density (268 fingerlings/m3). Four different treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) each with three replications were performed having different level of whole wheat flour such as 0% whole wheat flour (T1), 5% whole wheat flour (T2), 10% whole wheat flour (T3) and 15% whole wheat flour (T4). Feeds were supplied at 5% body weight twice daily in the morning at 9.00 am and in the afternoon at 5.00 pm throughout the study period. The rations were adjusted every week when new weights of the fish for various experimental aquariums were determined. At the end of the 63 days study period, the growth performance parameters such as mean final weight (g), weight gain (g), percent weight gain (%), specific growth rate (%/day) and the best feed utilization in terms of food conversion ratio were found highest at treatment 4 where fishes were fed with inclusion of 15% whole wheat flour and lowest was found at treatment 1 (fed with inclusion of 0% whole wheat flour). Water quality parameters were within the acceptable range and survival rate was found 100% in all treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that treatment 4 (highest growth performance and survival rate of L. rohita with supplementation of 15% whole wheat flour containing diet) can be chosen by fish farmers for commercial culture of this species.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 345-352, August 2019
Estudio de la competencia lectora y escritora de alumnos con discapacidad intelectual de aulas inclusiva
Authors: Ángel Muñozl Sol
Published: September 2019

El presente trabajo se ha desarrollado en base a los modelos cognitivos de lectura (con sus operaciones de decodificación, comprensión y meta comprensión) y escritura (con sus operaciones de planificación, trascripción, revisión y autorregulación), al igual que el aprendizaje y desarrollo de las mismas, aplicados a los estudiantes con diversas discapacidades intelectuales de la provincia de Los Santos, para lo cual se les aplicó diferentes pruebas, debidamente detalladas en la introducción, con las cuales se permite la recopilación de datos sumamente relevantes para conocer groso modo las competencias en lenguaje oral y lectoescritura. Tomando en cuenta todos los datos recogidos con una decena de alumnos y sus análisis mediante el programa EZanalize, se han podido identificar las dimensiones más deficitarias de las tres competencias anteriores: lenguaje oral, lectura y escritura; como algunas dificultades en el lenguaje oral, dificultades leves y severas en diversas facetas del desempeño lector, y dificultades acusadas generalizadas en la expresión escrita. Lo cual, dado el diseño de investigación-acción serán tomadas en consideración para establecer algunas sugerencias y actividades de mejora del aprendizaje para implementar con nuestros estudiantes de la provincia de Los Santos de Panamá.
Analysis of student difficulties in understanding the continuity of the function of differential calculus
Authors: Purbaningrum Kus Andini
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis kesulitan mahasiswa dalam memahami materi kontinuitas fungsi pada mata kuliah kalkulus diferensial dan faktor penyebab kesulitan tersebut. Mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan kontinuitas suatu fungsi pada interval tertentu. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 mahasiswa semester II kelas B1 Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang (UMT). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 3 jenis kesulitan mahasiswa dalam memahami kontinuitas, yaitu: (1) kesulitan dalam merumuskan garis bilangan; (2) kesulitan dalam melakukan pengujian kontinuitas; (3) kesulitan dalam menggambarkan sketsa grafik fungsi. Faktor penyebab dari kesulitan tersebut adalah (1) penguasaan terhadap konsep matematika dasar yang dipelajari di semester I diketahui kurang baik; (2) kurang mampu memahami makna dari pertanyaan dalam soal; (3) kurang memiliki waktu lebih sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mendalami materi yang dipelajari.
Intra-orbital Wooden Foreign Body
Authors: Widiastuti Widiastuti , Djoko Susianto
Published: September 2019

Intra orbital wooden foreign body (IOWFB) injuries are common cause of visual loss. The diagnosis is difficult, it may be missed from the imaging perspective. A case series is reviewed between 2013 and 2017. Of the 4 cases, 3 were caused by tree branch and 1 by bamboo. The postoperative vision was improved in 75%, but not in 25% subjects due to optic nerve damage. To be strongly suspected intra orbital wooden foreign body when the intra orbital density below of the surrounding intra orbital fat on CT. All the intra orbital wooden foreign body were removed successfully without any complications.
PERAWATAN DIRI LANSIA HIPERTENSI DI KELURAHAN CIREJAG KARAWANG
Authors: Darmawati Irma , Dulgani Doni
Published: September 2019

Pendahuluan: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit dengan prevalensi yang tinggi pada kelompok lansia. tanda dan gelaja yang muncul akibat hipertensi mengakibatkan perubahan pada pemenuhan perawatan diri lansia. Perawatan diri lansia hipertensi meliputi upaya pengukuran tekanan darah secara teratur, minum obat secara teratur, berolahraga, mandi, mencuci tangan, menggunting kuku, menyikat gigi, keramas, serta mengurangi konsumsi garam. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jumlah sample 95 orang, menggunakan teknik probability sampling dengan metode simple random sampling. Hasil: setengahnya responden (53,3%) memiliki perawatan diri yang baik. dengan indikator perawatan diri tertinggi pada poin kebersihan diri sebesar 98.8% (keramas, dan sikat gigi), namun paling rendah pada kebiasaan minum obat hipertensi dan kebiasaan makan rendah garam (57%). Diskusi: Hasil yang rendah dalam upaya perawatan inti pada lansia hipertensi terkait minum obat hipertensi dan pola makan rendah garam menunjukan masih kurangnya pengelolaan diri lansia dalam melaksanakan pengendalian hipertensi yang berakibat pada komplikasi penyakit lainnya. Saran : peneliti merekomendasikan pihak puskesmas untuk lebih aktif dalam upaya pelaksanaan program pengendalian hipertensi melalui pendekatan GERMAS dan CERDIK yang digalakan oleh kementrian kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Memory Machines: Infrastructural Performance as an Art Method
Authors: Parikka Jussi , Bhowmik Samir
Published: September 2019

This is the authors' final version of a forthcoming article, accepted through peer-review for Leonardo journal (MIT Press) -- (forthcoming estimated 2022). Abstract: Through a performance tour conducted in a public library, the authors analyze multi-sensory methods, including immersive performance and walking tours, as probes into cultural infrastructures. Combining discussions of media theory and artistic practice, the authors present infrastructural performance as an art method for creative infrastructural research.
Why Is Measles Vaccination So Important?
Authors: Slack Emma , Arnoldini Markus , Latorre Daniela , Aslani Selma , Biagioli Valentina , Cruz Tania , Dünki Naomi Elina , Eichelberg Antonia Chiara Jeanne , Goldiger Matthias , Howald Nicole , Marastoni Giovanni , Marti Thierry , Peterhans Vega , Selvakumar Lavanja , Winterberg Anna
Published: September 2019

Measles is a dangerous and nasty disease caused by the measles virus. The virus spreads quickly from person to person, and there is no cure. A successful vaccine had almost completely eliminated the disease from America and Europe. Unfortunately, due to scare-stories and fake news, many people stopped getting the vaccine. This has allowed the disease to come back. Here we explain: (1) what measles is; (2) how the vaccine works; and (3) why the scare-stories are not true.
Is Cattle Manure Application with Plastic-Film Mulch a Good Choice for Potato Production?
Authors: Meng Chaobiao , Wang Fengxin , Engel Bernard A. , Yang Kaijing , Zhang Youliang
Published: September 2019

Using manure in potato production has been considered for its potential environmentally friendly effects. Two years of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different kinds of fertilizer and soil surface treatments on potato growth. Experimental treatments consisted of three soil surface treatments, including black plastic-film mulch (BM), transparent film-plastic mulch (TM), and non-mulched (NM) treatment, and two fertilizer treatments, including inorganic fertilizer (IF), and cattle manure (CM). The results showed that low environmental temperatures at early growth stages harmed potato growth. The more suitable hydrothermal environment under BM treatment induced 9–67%, 1–223%, 15–30%, −1–11% and 18–34% greater plant height, leaf area index (LAI), tuber yield, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and water use efficiency (WUE), respectively, than NM and TM treatments. Plastic-film mulch increased soil carbon dioxide concentration, especially for the TM treatment. With low soil nitrogen content during the whole growth stage, and high soil carbon dioxide concentration during sprout and seedling stages, the CM treatment reduced plant height, LAI, tuber yields, ETc and WUE by 27–155%, 2–96%, 6–23%, 2–6% and 8–25%, respectively. These results suggest that inorganic fertilizer with black plastic-film mulch is still the best choice for potato production, and further studies are needed to identify the best level of cattle manure used under black plastic-film mulch.
Sorghum as a Novel Crop for Central Europe: Using a Broad Diversity Set to Dissect Temperate-Adaptation
Authors: Schaffasz André , Windpassinger Steffen , Friedt Wolfgang , Snowdon Rod , Wittkop Benjamin
Published: September 2019

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a promising novel crop for Central Europe. However, enhancements in cold tolerance and early maturity are essential for a successful adaptation to cooler climates. We scored a broad sorghum diversity set (n = 338) for early chilling tolerance, high-latitude adaptation, and bioenergy related agronomical traits in multi-environment trials. Our results show a high phenotypic variation and medium to high heritabilities for most traits, indicating that a robust breeding progress is feasible. Several public accessions with a good adaptation to cooler climates were identified, which can serve as valuable base material for sorghum breeding in temperate areas. Genome-wide association studies reveal a polygenic (quantitative) character for most of the traits, confirming previous studies. Hence, for practical breeding, it will be difficult to conduct efficient marker-assisted selection for temperate-adaptation traits in genetically diverse material.