bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Enlightenment Exploration and the Aesthetic of Information: Curious with a Purpose
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sundarvan Mahavidyalaya, West Bengal & Research Scholar, Presidency University., Bhattacharya Diganta
Published: March 2021

Exploration accounts written during the post-Enlightenment era of European expansion relied upon the agency of a romanticized narrator who could inspire a dedicated readership since he strategically projected the ‘performance’ of exploration as necessarily hazardous and hence, awe-inspiring. The concomitant element of romance was further emphasized in such texts since the precarious and vulnerable position of the explorer-narrator functioned as a much-needed foil to the sort of objectivist-detached discourse of functional intelligence that exploration narratives were increasingly expected to generate. The elaborate, methodical, organized and professional performance of overseas exploration needs to be understood as a targeted activity that utilized specific narratorial devices with an aim to make use of the widespread curiosity about the New World. This essay seeks to address the post-Enlightenment emergence of an ‘aesthetic of information’ along with its discursive trappings and epistemological frameworks which were ‘realized’ within a subculture of geographical exploration. ‘Knowledge’ aspired to be defined by empirical rigour, but the process of accessing and documenting it could scarcely avoid subjective variables.
Gender Discrimination in the Media of Eastern Europe: A Historical and Comparative Aspect
Authors:   Assoc. Prof., Dep. of Journalism Institute, Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Ukraine,, Khamedova Olga , Zhuravska Oksana , Rosinska Olena , Gandziuk Vitaliy
Published: March 2021

The research analyzes a topical issue of gender balance in media in its historical cutoff. The authors consider imbalance regarding the gender of the key figures in publications as one of indicators of latent discrimination. The subject of the content-analysis is Globus, an illustrated magazine published in Kyiv in 1923-1935. This progressive periodical paid significant attention to the issue of female emancipation; that is why its research is also demonstrative for studying the diachrony of a gender stereotypization phenomenon. The purpose of the content analysis was to determine the qualitative indicators with respect to distribution between verbal and visual women’s and men’s images in this magazine as a material indicator of worldview stereotypization. As the research results show, Globus had extremely low rate concerning the women’s representation in text materials (15%) and illustrations (18%). Correspondingly, the ratio of women’s and men’s images in total amounts to 1:5. Moreover, a tendency to gender asymmetry in 1930’s only increased, since the quantity of men’s representations in the magazine of 1932 reached almost 90% and women’s ones decreased respectively. Thus, the comparison of women’s and men’s images already amounted to 1:7, i.d. gender disproportion grew up. The data received have been compared with the monitoring results of current media content related to the compliance with gender balance; that allowed specification and analysis of main tendencies in representation of women and men in the media discourse in the beginning of XX and XXI centuries.
Examining the Nuances of Trauma Through a Survivor’s Testimony: A Study of A Gift of Goddess Lakshmi: A Candid Biography of India’s First Transgender Principal by Manobi Bandyopadhyay with Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey
Authors:   Department of English, Tezpur University, Assam,, Hazarika Pratishi
Published: March 2021

The transgender community in India is a marginalized social group that lacks the basic human rights and privileges granted to the cisgender and heterosexual subjects in society. Due to their non-conforming gender and sexual identity, transgender individuals are labeled as deviant, abnormal and diseased in society that has adverse effects on their psyche, making them prone to suicidal thoughts, acute depression and anxiety. This study aims to analyze the trauma endured by transgender individuals and its never-ending effects on their psychological health, through a re-reading of Manobi Bandyopadhyay’s biography, titled, A Gift of Goddess Lakshmi: A Candid Biography of India’s First Transgender Principal (2017) by Bandyopadhyay with Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey. It shall also explore how the trauma experienced by transgender people in society is of two folds- bodily trauma and mental trauma which demands an integrated approach, as applied in the study. The methodology of close reading of the selected text shall be combined with the framework of trauma psychology and transgender studies, to conduct the study. The significance of this paper rests in the absence of a comprehensive literary study, in the mentioned area.
Creating Communicative Space and Textual Reality via Emotiogenic Means in Fictional Discourse
Authors:   Philology and Translation Dept., Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazarian, Ukraine., Bezrukov Andrii , Bohovyk Oksana
Published: March 2021

The article focuses on the strategies of reconstructing communicative space between the author and reader as well as forecasting the emotional impact on the reader through transforming textual reality. The emotiogenic characteristics of fictional discourse provide the emotional perception of literary texts since emotions are central to the experience of literary narrative fiction. Such a perception is made possible by the identification, comprehension, and interpretation of the emotionally significant textual components of different types. The authors of the article have classified them as the following: graphical and visual, punctuation, and semantic-stylistic ones. These means, found in the postmodern novels by Salman Rushdie, Tahereh Mafi, Marina Lewycka, Kazuo Ishiguro, Alexandar Hemon, and Stephen King, have been analysed to explicate the character of the phenomenon of emotiogenic fictional narratives. The emotiogenic means in the selected novels are exploited by the writers of different ethnic affiliations that can be resulted from their multicultural experience. The superimposition of some means is explained by their semantic relationship. The article tests a hypothesis that the cognitive architecture of the emotiogenic means is determined by an emotional situation reflected in a literary text that appears to be a special code through which readers interpret their emotional and evaluative meanings. The indicators of the text’s emotionality occur to be signs of the textual representation of emotional knowledge. This study contributes to the investigation of the emotiogenic means of creating communicative space which are considered those discursive expressive elements that affect the perception of textual reality.
Remembering the 1998 Indonesian Sorcerers Massacre: Memory of Tragedy and Trauma in Intan Andaru’s Perempuan Bersampur Merah (Woman in Red Scarf)
Authors:   Department of Indonesian Language Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Andalas Eggy Fajar , Qur’an Hidayah Budi
Published: March 2021

After the collapse of the New Order government, in the 1998-1999, hundreds of people who were considered to be sorcerers were killed, especially in Banyuwangi. In the obscurity, Intan Andaru has narrated these events into her work. Her novel, Perempuan Bersampur Merah (Woman in Red Scarf), tells massacre story form the voiceless accused sorcerer’s point of view. This article aims to discuss the representational character of the 1998 Indonesian sorcerer massacre as depicted in the work of fiction. This research uses a psycho-historical approach. The data collection technique was done by using a note-taking technique. The analysis technique is carried out by the stages of presenting data, reducing data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there was no authentic evidence to support the accusation that the person who was killed was actually a sorcerer. As a result, cultural trauma is an important part of the psychological suffering experienced by the victim’s family. This trauma cannot be erased because the stigmata as a descendant of a sorcerer will always be attached to the victim’s family. This novel revives the social and cultural memorial structure of the 1998 Indonesian massacre in the form of individual aesthetic mediation to activate historical memory.
Understanding water institutions and their impact on the performance of the water sector in India
Authors: Chopra Ashish , Ramachandran Parthasarathy
Published: March 2021

The water crisis in India is no more restricted to a few states or areas. It has started affecting all forms of life, industry, and livelihood, and therefore it emerges as one of the biggest challenges. The water crisis is a direct outcome of the governance and analysis of water institutions, playing a central role in understanding the state of water governance. This study aims to understand the water institutions and their ultimate impact on various aspects of water sector performance in India. A survey was administered to collect information on the perception of water experts on the role and importance of various institutional aspects including water law, policy, and administration in improving water sector performance in India. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression methods were used to find the significant factors of water institutions and their effect on the different aspects of water sector performance in India. The analysis shows that the most important factors for improving the water sector performance are (a) legal accountability provisions, (b) water transfer policies, and (c) use of science and technology application along with reliable data. The level of importance of these significant institutional variables also varies within various performance aspects.
Optimal water allocation method for joint operation of a reservoir and pumping station under insufficient irrigation
Authors: Wei Cong , Cheng Jilin , Gong Yi , Gong Zhihao
Published: April 2021

To address the problem of optimal allocation of water resources in water shortage areas, a reservoir and a pumping station water resource optimal scheduling model under the condition of insufficient irrigation is proposed. The model takes the maximum relative yield of crops as the objective function, the amount of water supplied, water spilled and water replenished as decision variables, the total amount of water supplied by the system, the water right of the pumping station and the operation criteria as constraints, and uses a dynamic programming method to solve the model. The optimal water supply and water spill process of the irrigation reservoir and the optimal water replenishment process of a pumping station during the entire growth period of dry crops were obtained. Moreover, under the conditions of 50 and 75% probability of exceedance, the optimized relative yields of crops increased by 17.1% and 19.6%, respectively. The results show that ensuring the optimal operation of joint water source projects can achieve the optimal allocation of limited water resources, and improve the relative yield of crops in irrigation areas, which has important guiding significance for the planning and management of water resources in similar irrigation areas.
Laparoscopic Morgagni Hernia Repair without Sutures Using Only Composite Mesh in Patients with Large Defects
Authors: KABAKLIOĞLU Murat , KAYA Murat
Published: March 2021

In this report, we present the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of three pediatric patients who presented to our clinic with congenital Morgagni hernia and were treated with laparoscopic surgery using only mesh.
A Comparison of the Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Influenza A and B Infections in Children
Authors: TEMEL Hayrettin , GUNDUZ Mehmet , KOPRULU Gokce , KARAMAN Sumeyye , CELEBİ Merve , DOGAN Mehmet , TOSUN Ayse , OKUR Mesut
Published: March 2021

Aim: In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory findings of Influenza A and Influenza B infections in children.
Methods: The study included 1826 pediatric patients (aged <16 years) who were di¬agnosed with Influenza A (n=1400) and B (n=426) infections between 1 October 2019 and 30 April 2020. The patients were also divided into age groups: the age groups of 0–2 years, 3–9 years, and 10–16 years. The characteristic clinical and laboratory findings were compared.
Results: Influenza A infection was significantly more common in patients aged <2 years and was significantly less common in patients aged 3–9 years. Body temperature was significantly higher in all age groups with Influenza A infection than in children with Influenza B infection. While leukocy¬tosis and lymphopenia were significantly more common in the Influenza A group, leukopenia and neutropenia were significantly more common in the Influenza B group. While acute otitis media was more common in Influenza A infection, myositis was more common in Influenza B infection. No significant difference was found between the Influenza A and B groups in terms of hospitalization rates. Of all patients, 98.3% were treated with oseltamivir.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Influenza A and B infections are, in general, very similar in terms of symptoms. However, Influenza A infection is more common in very young children. It progresses with higher fever and is more frequently associated with pharyngeal hy¬peremia and acute otitis media, while leukopenia, neutropenia, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, and myositis were found to be more common in Influenza B infection.
Does Sphenoid Pneumatization Affect the Angle of the Eustachian Tube?
Authors: ERAVCI Fakih Cihat , YILDIRIM Gülsüm Kübra , ÖZCAN Prof.dr. Kürşat Murat , ÇOLAK Mustafa , PARLAK Selçuk , KARAKUŞ Mehmet Fatih , KARAKURT Süleyman Emre , İKİNCİOĞULLARI Aykut , DERE Haci Hüseyin
Published: March 2021

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between sphenoid sinus pneuma¬tization and the angle of the Eustachian tube.
Methods: The study included a total of 158 patients. The Eustachian tube angle (ETA) was measured and sphenoid pneumatization was classified in the coronal plane.
Results: According to the coronal classification of sphenoid pneumatization, 52 (16%) hemi-sphenoids were type 1, 177 (56%) hemi-sphenoids were type 2, and 87 (27.5%) hemi-sphe¬noids were type 3. According to the sagittal classification, 24 (7.6%) hemi-sphenoids were pre-sellar, 101 (32%) hemi-sphenoids were sellar, and 191 (60.4%) hemi-sphenoids were post-sellar. The mean ETA in coronal classification was 24.71±3.35, 25.03±3.24, and 25.90±3.10 de¬grees for the type 1, type 2, and type 3 classes, respectively. The angle showed a gradual increase from type 1 to type 3, and it was found that ETA was statistically significantly wider in cases with lateral recess pneumatization (type 3, post-rotundum) than in type 2 and type 1 pneumatizations (p=0.039, p=0.035, respectively).
Conclusion: ETA is increased in patients with lateral recess pneumatization.
The Internet and Smartphone Addictions in a Sample of University Students: The Role of Search for Meaning in Life
Authors: DURSUN Pınar , SALA Bedir , ÜZER Ahmet
Published: March 2021

Aim: In this study, we aimed to explore whether problematic and addictive uses of smartphones and the Internet conceptually differ from each other and gauge the predictive utility of the meaning in life dimensions (meaning of presence and search for meaning) and psychological health indicators (stress, depression, and anxiety) for such uses in university students.Methods: The cross-sectional study included a total of 483 (317 females, 166 males) participants (mean age: 21.71±1.75 years) recruited from the Afyon Kocatepe University and the AfyonkarahisarHealth Sciences University between December 2019 and February 2020. A sociodemographic form, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale were administered.Results: The findings suggested that smartphone and Internet addictions were highly correlated and both addictions could be predicted by the depression and stress indicators and the search for meaning dimension. Males tended to use the Internet via computers rather than smartphones.Conclusion: We found that in case of stress, depression, and loss of meaning in life students were more likely to develop Internet and smartphone addictions as they tried to reconstruct or restore their meaning systems. Therefore, the evaluation and treatment strategies should include teaching how to reconstruct meaning systems and cope with stressful life situations in an adaptive way.
PROSPECTS FOR EXPANDING THE PRESENCE OF DANISH MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES IN THE RUSSIAN MARKET
Authors: Shiryaeva A. R. , Progunova L. V.
Published: March 2021

Based on the conducted research of Danish multinational companies, it was revealed that the organization of their work is characterized by strategies for expanding and entering foreign markets through the opening of production facilities. The reason for this is the small size of the Danish domestic market, the high demand for the products of the companies abroad, and the particular geographical location. The Russian market contains many opportunities for Danish companies to increase the client base, improve sales channels, and convenient location of production both due to the geographical and economic characteristics of location (the possibility of duty-free transportation of goods within the EAEU) and due to access to resources. At the same time, the Russian side is interested in the inflow of foreign direct investment, the creation of new workplaces, especially in remote regions of the country, the study and implementation of new methods of management and organization of production. An important factor is the presence of special economic zones, the advantages of which a foreign company can use. This article examines business projects that could be promising in the context of sanctions restrictions and are beneficial to both parties. Particular attention in the article is paid to the pharmaceutical sector, logistics services, and the energy sector.
U. S. FOREIGN TRADE RESTRICTIONS UNDER UNSTABLE DYNAMICS OF INTERNATIONAL TRAD E
Authors: Lebedeva L. F.
Published: March 2021

The paper describes factors that lead to the United States trade restrictions, particularly export control at the end of the second decade; the challenges of the United States policy, prospects for international  trade  relations.  World  trade  is  expected  to  grow  this  year  after  reducing  in  the previous one. The outlook for trade development remains with a large degree of uncertainty due to economic, financial risks, effects of struggle against pandemia; national policies. The US trade restriction policies are  in focus. Besides imposing import tariffs;  controlling  exports  of  software, sensitive  equipment,  technology  has  been  transformed  under  Trump’s  administration  in  the context  of  national  security,  foreign  policy  objectives.  Limiting  access  to  the  most  sensitive  U.S. technology has been putting in practice along with new export controls on software; restrictions on  the  emerging  and  foundational  technologies.  Export  Control  Reform  that  was  passed  by Congress and signed into law by President Trump has determined a new stage in US policy and may bring more uncertainty as concerning relations with other countries.
RATINGS AND PROJECTIONS OF U.S . ECONOMIC RECOVERY
Authors: Emelianov E. V.
Published: March 2021

The  forecasts  of  the  economic  development  for  the  next  years  vary  among  countries  and projections  depend greatly on how long the pandemic and social distancing will take place and on  the  measures  that  are  taken  place  for  increasing  social  and  economic activities,  commerce. Meanwhile ratings of US leadership are declining, with the worst results in Europe.  The rapid spread  of  the  virus  that  causes  COVID-19  made  US  leading  country  in  confirmed  cases  and created a new reality for the national economy. As to the US the fall of real gross domestic product in 2020 is expected around the average of OECD countries, more than in Japan; less than in in Great  Britain,  Italy,  France.  Unemployment  rate  is  projected  going  down  in 2021 (comparing with 2020) but remaining still high. Experts are examining possible outcomes of coronavirus  spreading  and  its  consequences  for  the  dynamics  of  GDP,  unemployment, international trade and world investment. The projections seem not very bright for the next year; and  it  will  take  time  for  returning  to  pre  pandemic  indicators.  While  forecasts  of  declining international trade show  the fall in world merchandise exports would be large, the estimates show beginning growth in exports next year.
CORONAVIRUS BIAS OF THE MODERN WORLD ECONOMY : SCALES , RISKS, CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Smirnov E. N.
Published: March 2021

The objective of our article is to analyze the risks of a new coronavirus pandemic with impact on the dynamics of the modern world economy, as well as to assess the corresponding consequences and risks that will lead to the formation of a new model for organizing interactions in international trade, foreign direct investment and a revision of the determinants of global economic growth. The nature of the impact of the current pandemic on the existing system of international economic relations, in contrast to the previous global crises, is unprecedentedly tough, which has led to a number of contradictions in the development of global value chains, international trade flows, and  the  transformation  of  external  financing  conditions.  The  author  believes  that  the  most important  challenge  of  the  pandemic  is  not  only  the  recovery  of  the  economy  and  economic activity, maintaining the growth rate of labor productivity, but also in preventing the growth of inequality, in shaping the ability to manage global risks and imbalances. The trends towards the localization of international trade and the repatriation of global  value chains act as a risk of a significant slowdown in international exchange, which contradicts the canons and strategies for the development of foreign economic relations  of those countries  that ensured their economic growth by expanding participation in international trade and attracting foreign direct investment. According to the author, a new wave of international economic cooperation between countries can bring a new impetus to the development of international trade, capital movement and the dynamics of economic mobility.
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE EAEU AND INDONESIA: WHO WILL BENEFIT ?
Authors: Sherov-Ignatev V. G. , Nikolayuk T. R. , Sumenkova M. V.
Published: March 2021

The  conclusion  of  bilateral  free  trade  agreements  (FTAs)  in  the  21st  century  continues  to  be  an important trend of international economic relations. The countries of the Eurasian Economic Union also  joined  these  processes  by  concluding  FTAs  with  Vietnam,  Iran,  Singapore  and  Serbia. The Eurasian Economic Commission has initiated a feasibility study of signing an FTA with the next partners: Indonesia and Mongolia. This article discusses the likely consequences of the conclusion of  an  FTA  with  Indonesia.  The  authors  analyze  the  similarities  and  differences  between  our economies and the extent of their complementarity. A review of the structure and some trends of mutual trade is carried out. The article provides estimates of the possible quantitative effects of the liberalization  of  trade  in  goods  between  the  three  key  EAEU  countries  (Russia,  Belarus  and Kazakhstan) and Indonesia. The authors use the partial equilibrium model SMART (from the WITS toolkit) and the calculations of budget losses in the case of mutual zeroing of import duties based on the  International  Trade  Center  database  (Trademap.org).The  probable  consequences  of liberalization for the main sectors of mutual trade are calculated. Conclusions are made regarding the economic feasibility of liberalizing trade in goods between the EAEU and Indonesia.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND REGULATION OF AGRICULTURE IN JAPAN , SOUTH KOREA AND CHINA
Authors: Ivanova S. V. , Latyshov A. V.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of general and special characteristics of the condition and state regulation  of  agriculture  in  three  East  Asian  countries:  China,  Japan,  and  South  Korea.  It  is determined  that  there  are  several  historical  similarities  associated  with  the  Asian  way  of production,  low  land  use,  high  dependence  on  food  imports,  rapid  urbanization  and  high population density. The topic of food security is relevant for all three countries. The comparative analysis made it possible to identify and specify important differences in the process and results of the modernization of agriculture in the three countries. Especially in terms of the level and speed of technical and technological development, domestic state support for agriculture, foreign trade policy, changes in the trade balance for agricultural goods, the inclusion of countries in the import of GM seeds and the production of organic food, positions in the ratings of the global food security index. The article focuses on the issues of commercialization of biotechnological crops and China's strategy aimed at future global dominance in the field of agricultural science and technology.  Using  the  mechanism  of  international  corporate  mergers  and  acquisitions, the Chinese company with state participation entered the top five world leaders in the production of GM seeds and IT platforms for precision farming.
Aspek Sumber Daya Manusia yang Kompeten Sebagai Pendukung Utama Urban Farming
Authors:   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ernawati Ernawati , Soekarno Indratmo ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Siswanto Joko ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Suryadi Yadi ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung
Published: April 2021

Urban farming pada dasarnya adalah pola/metode (sisipkan kata benda) pertanian yang dilakukan oleh penduduk kota dengan mengusung konsep keterbatasan ruang. Untuk mewujudkan terciptanya urban farming tentu diperlukan sumber daya manusia yang mempunyai keinginan dan kemampuan lebih untuk melakukan/melaksanakan (sisipkan kata kerja) urban farming itu sendiri. Dengan lahan yang terbatas dan kesibukan masyarakat tentunya akan sangat sulit untuk menerapkan urban farming. Secara garis besar pola bertani di Indonesia dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu bertani secara tradisional dan bertani dengan teknologi terkini dalam bentuk teknologi komunikasi dan informasi (ICT) untuk manajemen (E-Gorvernance), Internet of Thing (IoT), serta kecerdasan buatan (Artficial Intelectual, AI). Oleh karena itu, perlu rancangan skenario, terutama sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni untuk mendukung urban farming. Dengan menggalakan urban farming yang didukung oleh sumber daya manusia yang kompeten akan berkontribusi terhadap ketahanan pangan, karena secara tidak langsung urban farming mewujudkan kemandirian pangan dengan kemandirian pangan ini diharapkan urban farming dapat meningkatkan ketahanan pangan. Sumber daya manusia yang kompeten sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung urban farming, diperlukan sumber daya manusia yang memiliki kemampuan, kemauan dan kerjasama dari manusianya sendiri dalam hal ini masyarakat dan pemerintah. Kompetensi seseorang sangat ditentukan oleh lima unsur, yaitu motif (motive), watak, konsep diri, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Niat yang dimiliki masyarakat untuk melakukan urban farming masih di kisaran 24 %, yang melakukan urban farming 2% sehingga hasil kerja belum maksimal Dengan kerjasama yang baik antara pemerintah dan masyarakat yang didukung dengan visi dan misi yang didukung dengan strategi, tujuan dan program/bisnis yang terarah. Diharapkan urban farming dapat memberi kontribusi untuk ketahanan pangan. Kontribusi pemerintah dan masyarakat sangat berperan untuk terwujudnya urban farming yang diharapkan.
Aspek Sumber Daya Manusia yang Kompeten Sebagai Pendukung Utama Urban Farming
Authors:   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ernawati Ernawati , Soekarno Indratmo ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Siswanto Joko ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Suryadi Yadi ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung
Published: April 2021

Urban farming pada dasarnya adalah pola/metode (sisipkan kata benda) pertanian yang dilakukan oleh penduduk kota dengan mengusung konsep keterbatasan ruang. Untuk mewujudkan terciptanya urban farming tentu diperlukan sumber daya manusia yang mempunyai keinginan dan kemampuan lebih untuk melakukan/melaksanakan (sisipkan kata kerja) urban farming itu sendiri. Dengan lahan yang terbatas dan kesibukan masyarakat tentunya akan sangat sulit untuk menerapkan urban farming. Secara garis besar pola bertani di Indonesia dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu bertani secara tradisional dan bertani dengan teknologi terkini dalam bentuk teknologi komunikasi dan informasi (ICT) untuk manajemen (E-Gorvernance), Internet of Thing (IoT), serta kecerdasan buatan (Artficial Intelectual, AI). Oleh karena itu, perlu rancangan skenario, terutama sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni untuk mendukung urban farming. Dengan menggalakan urban farming yang didukung oleh sumber daya manusia yang kompeten akan berkontribusi terhadap ketahanan pangan, karena secara tidak langsung urban farming mewujudkan kemandirian pangan dengan kemandirian pangan ini diharapkan urban farming dapat meningkatkan ketahanan pangan. Sumber daya manusia yang kompeten sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung urban farming, diperlukan sumber daya manusia yang memiliki kemampuan, kemauan dan kerjasama dari manusianya sendiri dalam hal ini masyarakat dan pemerintah. Kompetensi seseorang sangat ditentukan oleh lima unsur, yaitu motif (motive), watak, konsep diri, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Niat yang dimiliki masyarakat untuk melakukan urban farming masih di kisaran 24 %, yang melakukan urban farming 2% sehingga hasil kerja belum maksimal Dengan kerjasama yang baik antara pemerintah dan masyarakat yang didukung dengan visi dan misi yang didukung dengan strategi, tujuan dan program/bisnis yang terarah. Diharapkan urban farming dapat memberi kontribusi untuk ketahanan pangan. Kontribusi pemerintah dan masyarakat sangat berperan untuk terwujudnya urban farming yang diharapkan
Cancer Clinicians’ Views Regarding an App That Helps Patients With Cancer Meet Their Information Needs: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Richards Rebecca , Kinnersley Paul , Brain Kate , Wood Fiona
Published: March 2021

Background

Many patients with cancer have unmet information needs during the course of the illness. Smart devices, such as smartphones and tablet computers, provide an opportunity to deliver information to patients remotely. We aim to develop an app intervention to help patients with cancer meet their illness-related information needs in noninpatient settings. In addition to the in-depth exploration of the issues faced by the target users of a potential intervention, it is important to gain an understanding of the context in which the intervention will be used and the potential influences on its adoption. As such, understanding the views of clinicians is key to the successful implementation of this type of app in practice. Additionally, clinicians have an awareness of their patients’ needs and can provide further insight into the type of app and features that might be most beneficial.

Objective

This study aims to explore cancer clinicians’ views on this type of intervention and whether they would support the use of an app in cancer care. Specifically, the perceived acceptability of an app used in consultations, useful app features, the potential benefits and disadvantages of an app, and barriers to app use were explored.

Methods

A total of 20 qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 clinicians from urological, colorectal, breast, or gynecological cancer clinics across 2 hospitals in South Wales. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Clinicians felt that it would be acceptable for patients to use such an app in noninpatient settings, including during consultations. The benefits of this type of app were anticipated to be a more informed patient, an increased sense of control for patients, better doctor-patient communication, and a more efficient and effective consultation. In contrast, an increase in clinicians’ workload and poorer communication in consultations, which depended on the included app features, were identified as potential disadvantages. The anticipated barriers to app use included patients’ age and prior experience with smart technology, their access to smart devices, the confidentiality of information, and an avoidant coping approach to their condition.

Conclusions

This study suggests that clinicians should support their patients in using an app to help them meet their information needs both at home and during consultations. This study highlights some of the potential barriers for this type of intervention in practice, which could be minimized during the intervention design process.
A Framework for Criteria-Based Selection and Processing of Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Data for Statistical Analysis: Design and Implementation Study
Authors: Gruendner Julian , Gulden Christian , Kampf Marvin , Mate Sebastian , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Zierk Jakob
Published: April 2021

Background

The harmonization and standardization of digital medical information for research purposes is a challenging and ongoing collaborative effort. Current research data repositories typically require extensive efforts in harmonizing and transforming original clinical data. The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) format was designed primarily to represent clinical processes; therefore, it closely resembles the clinical data model and is more widely available across modern electronic health records. However, no common standardized data format is directly suitable for statistical analyses, and data need to be preprocessed before statistical analysis.

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate how FHIR data can be queried directly with a preprocessing service and be used for statistical analyses.

Methods

We propose that the binary JavaScript Object Notation format of the PostgreSQL (PSQL) open source database is suitable for not only storing FHIR data, but also extending it with preprocessing and filtering services, which directly transform data stored in FHIR format into prepared data subsets for statistical analysis. We specified an interface for this preprocessor, implemented and deployed it at University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, generated 3 sample data sets, and analyzed the available data.

Results

We imported real-world patient data from 2016 to 2018 into a standard PSQL database, generating a dataset of approximately 35.5 million FHIR resources, including “Patient,” “Encounter,” “Condition” (diagnoses specified using International Classification of Diseases codes), “Procedure,” and “Observation” (laboratory test results). We then integrated the developed preprocessing service with the PSQL database and the locally installed web-based KETOS analysis platform. Advanced statistical analyses were feasible using the developed framework using 3 clinically relevant scenarios (data-driven establishment of hemoglobin reference intervals, assessment of anemia prevalence in patients with cancer, and investigation of the adverse effects of drugs).

Conclusions

This study shows how the standard open source database PSQL can be used to store FHIR data and be integrated with a specifically developed preprocessing and analysis framework. This enables dataset generation with advanced medical criteria and the integration of subsequent statistical analysis. The web-based preprocessing service can be deployed locally at the hospital level, protecting patients’ privacy while being integrated with existing open source data analysis tools currently being developed across Germany.
Clinicopathological Criteria Predictive of Recurrence Following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy Initiation in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Plasek Joseph , Weissert John , Downs Tracy , Richards Kyle , Ravvaz Kourosh
Published: March 2021

Background

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently the most clinically effective intravesical treatment for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), particularly for patients with high-risk NMIBC such as those with carcinoma in situ. BCG treatments could be optimized to improve patient safety and conserve supply by predicting BCG efficacy based on tumor characteristics or clinicopathological criteria.

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the ability of specific clinicopathological criteria to predict tumor recurrence in patients with NMIBC who received BCG therapy along various treatment timelines.

Methods

A total of 1331 patients (stage Ta, T1, or carcinoma in situ) who underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor between 2006 and 2017 were included. Univariate analysis, including laboratory tests (eg, complete blood panels, creatinine levels, and hemoglobin A1c levels) within 180 days of BCG therapy initiation, medications, and clinical and demographic variables to assess their ability to predict NMIBC recurrence, was completed. This was followed by multivariate regression that included the elements of the Club Urológico Español de Tratamiento Oncológico (CUETO) scoring model and variables that were significant predictors of recurrence in univariate analysis.

Results

BCG was administered to 183 patients classified as intermediate or high risk, and 76 (41.5%) experienced disease recurrence. An abnormal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio measured within 180 days of induction BCG therapy was a significant predictor (P=.047) of future cancer recurrence and was a stronger predictor than the CUETO score or the individual variables included in the CUETO scoring model through multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

An abnormal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio within 180 days of BCG therapy initiation is predictive of recurrence and could be suggestive of additional or alternative interventions.
The role of altered glycosylation in human nucleus pulposus cells in inflammation and degeneration
Authors:   CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, Joyce K , Mohd Isa IL , Krouwels A , Creemers L , Devitt A , Pandit A
Published: March 2021

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration causes low-back pain through disc compression, prolapse and herniation. Inflammation of the IVD and subsequent degeneration produce altered glycosylation profiles in several animal models of IVD injury and ageing, although the function of this altered glycosylation pattern in a human is unknown. Altered N-glycome, specifically sialylated and fucosylated N-glycosylation motif expression, might play a role in inflammation and disease progression. Healthy (foetal and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis) and degenerated (lumbar degeneration) human IVD glycosylation patterns were studied using lectin histochemistry. Small-molecule fluorinated sugar analogues (3Fax-Peracetyl Neu5Ac; 2F-Peracetyl-Fucose) were used to inhibit sialylation and fucosylation in an in vitro model of inflammation, to investigate their effects on the glycosignature, cell metabolism, extracellular matrix synthesis and cell migration. The effects of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 on glycosylation in human nucleus pulposus cells were investigated by lectin histochemistry, PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the in vitro model of IVD degeneration, cytokine-induced inflammation-induced hypersialylation was observed, as indicated by Sambucus nigra I binding. However, this modification was inhibited by the sialyltransferase inhibitor. Inhibition of sialylation and fucosylation modulates cell migration and protein translation of catabolic enzymes in response to inflammation. The altered patterns of glycosylation in human tissue in degeneration was consistent with previous IVD studies in murine, bovine and ovine models. The present study was the first functional investigation of glycosylation in human degenerated IVD, elucidating the role of the glycome in disease progression and identified potential therapeutic targets for future regenerative therapies.
Again ʽAgainst the Currents’: New Foreign Monograph about Nikolay Leskov
Authors: Fedotova Anna A.
Published: March 2021

In a review of a monograph by a Polish researcher, an adjunct of the Department of Russian Studies at Warsaw University, M. Lukashevich, on the work of a Russian classic of the second half of the 19th century Nikolay Leskov, published by the Warsaw University Publishing House, the structure of the book is analyzed, the breadth of coverage of the material and the scientific approach, attractive for the general reader and at the same time promising, are emphasized. Lukashevich presents a broad panorama of Russian religious life in the second half of the 19th century, in the context of which, based on the objectives of the monograph, Leskov's work is considered. The author's attention is focused on the analysis of the least studied layer of Leskov's prose — his journalism. Numerous publicistic statements of the writer dedicated to topical issues of the social life of the Church are interpreted by the Polish philologist in the unity of form and content. The review describes the range of problems raised in the monograph, highlights successful and non-trivial observations of the author of the new book.
The Epigraph to ʽForest and Steppe’ by Ivan Turgenev: Conveying the ʽEmblematic’ Worldview in the Tradition of Translation
Authors: Nenarokova Maria R.
Published: March 2021

The article focuses on the reception of Russian classical literature translations in the English-speaking culture. The research was carried out on the material of three existing translations of ‘Forest and Steppe’ by both Russian and English translators published in 1895, 1955 and 1967. The main objective of the research is to determine the difficulties translators of Russian literature of the 19th century could face in the case of Turgenev's epigraph to ‘Forest and Steppe’. The tasks of the study were to define and describe the peculiarities of conveying the epigraph’s vocabulary, to outline the group of the most important keywords of the text, to recognize and describe discrepancies in their translation, to indicate why the chosen option is possible or impossible in the translation of Turgenev’s text. The study showed that Turgenev's worldview was formed under the influence of the culture of ‘rhetorical word’, and the epigraph to ‘Forest and Steppe’ proves it. The epigraph consists of a chain of symbolic images that add up to a single picture. The writer's worldview determined the style of the epigraph, the choice of vocabulary, and the composition of the text. For translators, the main difficulty at the lexical level lies in the fact that they often choose words that carry a greater emotional load than Turgenev’s vocabulary, and also introduce tropes, absent in the original, into translations. On the one hand, the translations create a realistic picture, in contrast to Turgenev’s symbolic landscape, on the other hand, the atmosphere of the text, reflecting the personality of the writer, is destroyed. The translations mirror profound changes that took place in the 19th–20th centuries in the European worldview.
John Damascene and the aesthetic ideal of Aleksey Tolstoy
Authors: Kotelnikov Vladimir A.
Published: March 2021

Despite the fact that religious themes are rare in A. K. Tolstoy’s works, he paid special attention to the image, life and work of John Damascene. This is due to the fact that Tolstoy perceived Damascene not only as a monk and ascetic, but above all as a creative person, a poet. The article shows Tolstoy's attitude to art, notes the parallel he thought out between his own fate and the life of Damascene, the role of the introduction with an oriental flavor in Tolstoy's poem “John Damascene,ˮ which corresponds to the forced presence at the court of Tolstoy himself. The work demonstrates how thoughtfully and subtly the poet puts his own judgments, his theory of art and the origin of creativity in John's reflections on art. The author of the article, following the development of the plot of the poem, states where Tolstoy somewhat deviates from the life of Damascene, and in which places he approaches the hagiographic narrative as much as possible. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the realization in the poem of Tolstoy's most important motive for the triumph of free speech.
Peter I and the Peter's Era in ‘Dialogues of the Dead’ (Based on Materials from the Manuscripts Department of The National Library of Russia)
Authors: Mikhailova Elena A.
Published: March 2021

The personality of Peter I and the realities of the Peter's era were reflected in the original genre, which is on the verge of historical science and literature, — “Dialogues of the Dead.ˮ This genre became widespread in Europe at the end of the 17th – first half of the 18th century. It is generally accepted that “Dialoguesˮ appeared in Russia in the middle of the 18th century in journal publications — translations of satirical works of Lucian and Fontenelle, as well as imitations of them. However, archival materials testify that “Dialoguesˮ existed in the Russian manuscript tradition in the first half of the 18th century, and these are historical and biographical texts that provide information about the course of the Northern War, the European setting of Peter's time, and outstanding commanders of this era. These dialogues are translations from German of D. Fassmann's works. Peter I himself, as the protagonist of “Dialogues of the Dead,ˮ first appeared in a Russian manuscript book (and later in print) not in translated texts, but in an original work. Its author is considered to be one of the first biographers of Peter I, P. N. Krekshin. This “Dialoguesˮ became a real literary panegyric to the Russian emperor, also due to its special artistic form.
Suvorov’s Cycle of Odes in the Battle Lyrics of Gavriil Derzhavin
Authors: Ratnikov Alexander N.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes G. Derzhavin’s battle odes, comprehends the generalAbstract: The article analyzes G. Derzhavin’s battle odes, comprehends the generalconcept of the Suvorov cycle, its thematic originality, problematics and ideological pathosfrom the point of view of the influence of the historical context on the representation of theimage of Suvorov. The article examines the artistic reflection of the real historical features ofSuvorov, reflected in the body of works of the battle cycle in the form of a collective image.The author of the article reconstructs the image of the famous commander, represented bythe poet, based on the results of studying the battle odes in which he is mentioned, as wellas on the analysis of the ode “On the Capture of Izmail,” where he is implied. Odes “On thecapture of Izmail,” “On the Capture of Warsaw,” “The Eagle,” “On Victories in Italy,” and “Onthe Crossing of the Alps” are suggested to be considered as a cycle of battle odes based onthematic similarities and correlations in the depiction of the object. The paper also considersthe method of revealing the poetic image of Suvorov through the method of comparison.