bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental input from $e^+e^-$ machines to hadronic contribution to muon (g-2)
Authors: Achasov M. N. , Akhmetshin R. R. , Amirkhanov A. N. , Anisenkov A. V. , Aulchenko V. M. , Banzarov V. Sh. , Barnyakov A. Yu. , Bashtovoy N. S. , Beloborodov K. I. , Berdyugin A. V. , Berkaev D. E. , Bogdanchikov A. G. , Bondar A. E. , Botov A. A. , Bragin A. V. , Dimova T. V. , Druzhinin V. P. , Eidelman S. I. , Epifanov D. A. , Epshteyn L. B. , Erofeev A. L. , Fedotovich G. V. , Gayazov S. E. , Golubev V. B. , Grebenuk A. A. , Gribanov S. S. , Grigoriev D. N. , Ignatov F. V. , Ivanov V. L. , Kardapoltsev L. V. , Karpov S. V. , Kazanin V. F. , Kharlamov A. G. , Kirpotin A. N. , Koop I. A. , Korol A. A. , Korobov A. A. , Koshuba S. V. , Kozyrev A. N. , Kozyrev E. A. , Kovrizhin Dmitry , Krokovny P. P. , Kupich A. S. , Kuzmenko A. E. , Kuzmin A. S. , Litvinov R. A. , Logashenko I. B. , Lukin P. A. , Martin K. A. , Melnikova N. A. , Mikhailov K. Yu. , Obrazovsky A. E. , Okhapkin V. S. , Otboev A. V. , Pakhtusova E. V. , Pestov Yu. N. , Popov A. S. , Pugachev K. V. , Razuvaev G. P. , Ruban A. A. , Ryskulov N. M. , Ryzhenenkov A. E. , Senchenko A. I. , Serednyakov Sergey , Shatunov Yu. M. , Shatunov P. Yu. , Shebalin V. E. , Shemyakin D. N. , Shtol D. A. , Shwartz Boris , Shwartz D. B. , Sibidanov A. L. , Silagadze Z. K. , Solodov E. P. , Surin I. K. , Talyshev A. A. , Titov V. M. , Tolmachev S. S. , Vorobiov A. I. , Zemlyansky I. M. , Yudin Yu. V.
Published: February 2019

Precise study of the hadrons production in
\bm{e^+e^-}𝐞+𝐞−
annihilation at low energies provides important information about
interactions of light quarks and spectroscopy of their bound states.
These studies are especially important for theoretical calculations of
the muon \bm{(g-2)}(𝐠−2)
via the Standard Model because of the present difference between
theoretical and experimental values exceeds three standard deviations.
In this report we will discuss current status and recent results
obtained by the CMD-3 experiment and will give a brief look to status of
the BaBar and Belle II experiments.
Tau-decay determination of the strong coupling
Authors: Pich Antonio
Published: February 2019

We review the current status of the determination of the strong
coupling from tau decay. Using the most recent release of the ALEPH
data, a very comprehensive phenomenological analysis has been performed,
exploring all strategies previously considered in the literature and
several complementary approaches. Once their actual uncertainties are
properly assessed, the results from all adopted methodologies are in
excellent agreement, leading to a very robust and reliable value of the
strong coupling, \alpha_s^{(n_f=3)}(m_\tau^2) = 0.328\pm 0.013αs(nf=3)(mτ2)=0.328±0.013,
which implies \alpha_s^{(n_f=5)}(M_Z^2) = 0.1197\pm 0.0015αs(nf=5)(MZ2)=0.1197±0.0015.
MEG final results and progress towards MEG II
Authors: Iwamoto Toshiyuki
Published: February 2019

The MEG experiment, which is to search for lepton flavor violating
muon decay, had been successfully finished in 2013. The final
sensitivity of the experiment was \boldsymbol{5.3 \times 10^{-13}}5.3×10−13,
and since the experiment did not find any signal, the upper limit of the
branching ratio of the \boldsymbol{\mu^{+} \rightarrow \mathrm{e}^{+} \gamma}𝛍+→e+𝛄
was set to be \boldsymbol{4.2 \times 10^{-13}}4.2×10−13
at 90% CL. The MEG II experiment will improve the sensitivity by an
order of magnitude with three years data taking, and the target
sensitivity is \boldsymbol{6 \times 10^{-14}}6×10−14.
In 2018 after the detector integration, the muon beam data taking will
be planned with limited number of readout channels. In 2019, the
engineering run and the physics run will be started.
Status of DUNE
Authors: Tonazzo Alessandra
Published: February 2019

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation
underground observatory, to be located in the USA, aiming at precise
measurements of long-baseline neutrino oscillations over a 1300 km
baseline, detection of supernova neutrinos and search for nucleon decay
and other physics beyond the Standard Model. The far detector, a very
large liquid argon time projection chamber, requires a dedicated
prototyping effort (ProtoDUNE), currently ongoing at CERN.
In-situ drying of faecal sludge in breathable membrane-lined collection containers
Authors: Saxena Shray , Ebrazibakhshayesh Babak , Dentel Steven K. , Imhoff Paul T. , Cha Daniel K.
Published: February 2019

Drying of faecal sludge enclosed in a breathable, hydrophobic membrane laminate was investigated for the potential application of breathable membranes in decentralized container-based sanitation systems for developing nations. Moisture loss from the membrane-enclosed faecal sludge was studied using membrane ‘envelopes’ filled with faecal sludge collected from random volunteers. A drying test with a new membrane envelope resulted in 71.2% mass reduction over a period of 7 days with an average moisture flux of 0.73 g/day-cm2. Slight decrease in the sludge drying rates was observed over five reuses of the same membrane envelope. A stagnant film model was used to predict drying rates of membrane-enclosed faecal sludge in ten developing countries with high urban populations. Based on a loading rate of 15 L/day into a 200-L (55-gallon) collection container, the predicted drying rates range from 7.1 to 12.4 L/day. The filling time of the membrane-lined container decreased due to in-situ drying, resulting in longer operation time and less frequent emptying of the container.
Synthesis and characterization of clinoptilolite-alginate beads for dye removal from water
Authors: Nigiz F. U.
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to synthesize a superior adsorbent by combining positive properties of alginate and natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged carboxyl groups in alginate, porous sites in clinoptilolite and positively charged cationic dye in wastewater make alginate and clinoptilolite superior for dye removal. A model wastewater was prepared with varying concentrations of methylene blue (MB). Effects of MB concentration, adsorption time, pH, and adsorbent concentration on adsorption performance were evaluated. Composite adsorbents were also characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. While 97.0% of removal was achieved using 5 g/L adsorbent, 98.8% of removal was obtained using 15 g/L adsorbent dosage. When the dye concentrations were gradually decreased from 5 mg/L to 2 mg/L, dye removal of 96.9%, 97.7%, 97.9% and 98.4% were observed at the end of 180 minutes.
The Prevalence of Specific Phobia by Age in an Italian Nationwide Survey: How Much Does it Affect the Quality of Life?
Authors: Sancassiani Federica , Romano Ferdinando , Balestrieri Matteo , Caraci Filippo , Di Sciascio Guido , Drago Filippo , Hardoy Maria Carolina , Moro Maria Francesca , Roncone Rita , Piras Martina , Preti Antonio , Dell’Osso Liliana , Faravelli Carlo , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

The study aimed to see if a community survey conducted by clinical interviewers with semi-structured psychiatric interviews shows lifetime prevalence rates of Specific Phobia (SP) similar to those found by surveys carried out by lay interviewers and if the high level of impairment found in SP may be confirmed.

Methods:

This is a community survey on an Italian nationwide sample randomly selected from registers of municipalities. Tools: semi-structured ANTAS psychiatric interview derived from the SCID-DSM-IV, carried out by clinicians (psychologists or physicians); Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) as a measure of Quality of Life (QoL). Analyses: means of the χ2 test odds ratios were adopted to test several associations regarding SP prevalence. One-way ANOVA was used to compare different groups on attributable burden due to SP and/or other disorders in worsening QoL.

Results:

The lifetime prevalence of SP was 2.3%. No difference was found by age class. Females showed more than twice the frequency of males (p<0.0001). The disorders showing the closest association with SP were: social phobia (OR=17.53); general anxiety disorder (OR=11.57); anorexia (OR=11.13) and agoraphobia (OR=10.03), but also obsessive compulsive disorders (OR=8.8), eating disorders (OR=7.2), panic disorder (OR=5.9), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR=5.8), and major depressive disorder (OR=4.8) presented an association that achieved statistical significance. The QoL of people with SP and at least one disorder of anxiety, mood or eating in comorbidity, measured as a score at SF12, was worse than controls without SP (p <0.001) but that of people with SP without co-morbidity was not (p = 0.809).

Conclusion:

An epidemiological study conducted by clinical interviewers through semi-structured interviews appears to re-dimension the impact of SP, at least from the public health perspective. Future prospective studies will better clarify the role of SP in the context of anxiety disorders.
Delayed Internal Fixation of Distal Radius and Bimalleolar Ankle Fractures Does Not Increase Surgical Time
Authors: Chopra Aman , Hoogervorst Paul , Marmor Meir
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

It is commonly believed that delay in fracture fixation of more than two weeks results in increased Surgical Time (ST), due to scar and callus formation at the fracture site. Reducing ST can lower hospital costs and decrease radiation exposure.

Methods and Results:

A retrospective chart review was conducted to investigate whether early fracture care (up to 2 days after injury) results in decreased ST and radiation exposure compared to delayed fracture care (> 14 days after injury) for distal radius and bimalleolar ankle fractures. A total of 581 radius and ankle fractures that underwent surgical fixation between 2014 and 2017 were identified from the OR registry. Cases with only a single volar locking plate for the distal radius and constructs consisting of 2 medial malleolar screws, third tubular plate, and up to 1 syndesmotic screw for the ankle were included. The mean ST for distal radius cases done up to 2 days after injury was significantly greater than ST for distal radius cases done > 14 days after injury (125.78±29.75 minutes versus 105.83±24.82 minutes respectively , p=0.06). The mean ST for ankle fracture cases done less than 2 days did not differ from ST for ankle fracture cases done > 14 days after injury (140.86±28.15 minutes versus 173.22±39.98 minutes respectively, p=0.06).

Conclusion:

There was no significant difference in radiation exposure. Delaying surgery for distal radius and bimalleolar ankle fractures > 14 days after injury does not seem to significantly affect the duration of surgery or radiation exposure.
Derivation of Breathing Metrics From a Photoplethysmogram at Rest: Machine Learning Methodology (Preprint)
Authors: Prinable Joseph , Jones Peter , Boland David , Thamrin Cindy , McEwan Alistair
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

There has been a recent increased interest in monitoring health using wearable sensor technologies; however, few have focused on breathing. The ability to monitor breathing metrics may have indications both for general health as well as respiratory conditions such as asthma, where long-term monitoring of lung function has shown promising utility.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we explore a long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture and predict measures of interbreath intervals, respiratory rate, and the inspiration-expiration ratio from a photoplethysmogram signal. This serves as a proof-of-concept study of the applicability of a machine learning architecture to the derivation of respiratory metrics.

METHODS

A pulse oximeter was mounted to the left index finger of 9 healthy subjects who breathed at controlled respiratory rates. A respiratory band was used to collect a reference signal as a comparison.

RESULTS

Over a 40-second window, the LSTM model predicted a respiratory waveform through which breathing metrics could be derived with a bias value and 95% CI. Metrics included inspiration time (–0.16 seconds, –1.64 to 1.31 seconds), expiration time (0.09 seconds, –1.35 to 1.53 seconds), respiratory rate (0.12 breaths per minute, –2.13 to 2.37 breaths per minute), interbreath intervals (–0.07 seconds, –1.75 to 1.61 seconds), and the inspiration-expiration ratio (0.09, –0.66 to 0.84).

CONCLUSIONS

A trained LSTM model shows acceptable accuracy for deriving breathing metrics and could be useful for long-term breathing monitoring in health. Its utility in respiratory disease (eg, asthma) warrants further investigation.
Personalized, Web-Based, Guided Self-Help for Patients With Medically Unexplained Symptoms in Primary Care: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: van Gils Anne , Hanssen Denise , van Asselt Antoinette , Burger Huibert , Rosmalen Judith
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) constitute a major health problem because of their high prevalence, the suffering and disability they cause, and the associated medical costs. Web-based interventions may provide an accessible and convenient tool for managing MUS. We developed a personalized, Web-based, guided self-help intervention for MUS in primary care (Grip self-help) and would compare its effectiveness with that of usual care.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to describe the rationale, objectives, and design of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the effectiveness of Grip self-help.

METHODS

For a pragmatic multicenter RCT, 165 adult patients with mild to moderate MUS will be recruited through general practices in the Netherlands. Randomization will be performed at general practice level. Over the course of several months, patients in the intervention group will receive a personalized set of Web-based self-help exercises, targeting the unhelpful cognitions, emotions, behaviors, and social factors that are relevant to them. The intervention is guided by a general practice mental health worker. The control group will receive care-as-usual. Primary outcome is physical health-related quality of life (RAND-36 or 36-item general health survey, physical component score). Secondary outcomes include severity of physical and psychological symptoms, mental health–related quality of life, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability. Assessments will take place at baseline, end of treatment, and at 16-, 26-, and 52-week follow-ups.

RESULTS

Recruitment started in December 2018, and enrolment is ongoing. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication in December 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine the concepts of electronic health, self-help, and personalized medicine in the treatment of MUS. By improving the quality of life and reducing symptoms of patients with MUS, Grip self-help has the potential to reduce costs and conserve scarce health care resources.

CLINICALTRIAL

Dutch Trial Register NTR7390; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7390.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/13738
The workers with Disabilities’ Access to Workplace Inclusion in Postmodern Model Perspective
Authors: Demartoto Argyo
Published: February 2019

People with disabilities are often labeled negatively and treated discriminatively within community, including in workplace, so that only a few of them are absorbed in either formal or informal job. Meanwhile, they are entitled to get productive and reasonable job in order to realize their aspiration, to improve their life condition, and to participate actively within community. This article studies the workers with disabilities’ access to workplace inclusion in Postmodern Model Perspective in Surakarta. Accidental sampling was used to select informant; data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interview, and document. Data validation was carried out using method and data source triangulations. The result of research showed that the access of the workers with disabilities to workplace inclusion has not been optimal yet, because the opportunity was still more limited compared with that for their non-disabled counterparts. Although inclusive work environment has diverse potential human resources and the workers with disabilities’ perspective, creativity, innovation, and problem solving ability have not been utilized maximally. In the construction process, workers with disabilities should actively participate in planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation so that the guarantee of workers with disabilities’ accessibility to building, transportation and communication media, workplace inclusion and many facilities can be met. The improvement of accessibility in the term of independency, rehabilitation, and social grant, and the maintenance of social wellbeing level and equal right to grow and to develop people with disabilities’ talent, ability, and social life are important to develop workplace inclusion. Prioritizing and respecting pluralism, equity, dignity, and active public participation simultaneously and sustainably will lead to the realization of inclusive society.
Haruskah Aku Bekerja? (Studi Fenomenologi Keputusan Bekerja pada Pemuda Penyandang Disabilitas di Empat Wilayah di Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Prastowo Fuji Riang , Pudyastuti Irmaningsih , Dewantara Bangkit Rygen
Published: February 2019

Coping is one form of strategy to deal with stigma and all forms of social pressure that lead obstacles to the growth of young people with disabilities. In this case, coping can be interpreted as a person's effort to overcome the obstacles experienced with certain strategies.  In the context of persons with disabilities, the community often views persons with disabilities as a weak marginal group as being dependant to family so that there is no demand to work like humans in general. In addition, there are little opportunity for them to work in the formal sectors causes many of them to be coping with their own efforts for being independent. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore more about coping strategies carried out by youth with disabilities to decide to work. This paper comes from the results of field research with phenomenological qualitative methods in May-June 2018 through FGD and in-depth interviews conducted in four regions in Central Java Province namely Demak Regency, Semarang City, Semarang Regency, and Boyolali Regency. The results of the study indicate that the decision to work or not work from young people with disabilities comes from the response of external factors. Coping is then born into three level : the appraisal-focused level, emotions (the emotion-focused), and actions (problem-focused), which are not linear but can occur differently for each individual depending on the context of growth and development.
Timbul Tenggelam Perlawanan dalam Novel Dewasa Muda (Young Adult)
Authors: Hamzah Hamzah
Published: February 2019

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Metal DIY: Dominasi, Strategi, dan Resistensi
Authors: Lukisworo Agustinus Aryo , Sutopo Oki Rahadianto
Published: February 2019

This article focus on the resistance practice by the DIY metal agents towards popularization of metal in Yogyakarta. Beside, this article also attempt to elaborate the survival startegy of the metal agents in Yogyakarta to maintain the Do-It-Yourself practice. Regarding to those focus, this article does not treat metal as a single entity, rather as a dynamic and fluid social space. Thus this article utilized a considerably different kind of approach compared to previous study of metal in Indonesia. This article is based on an ethnographic research, which utilized praticipant observation and in-depth interview as data collecting methods. The data collection process was carried out of six months.The findings based on the field research show that the resistance practice of metal agents in Yogyakarta was manifested through discursive and musical consumption practices. Both of these practices were used strategically by the DIY metal agents to establish an imaginary boundary against social agents and the field of populer music. Furthermore, the strategy which used to maintain the DIY practices, represented through DIY metal agents involevement within collective actions by one of indie/DIY community in Yogyakarta. Based on the research findings, it can be explained that the dynamics of the field with regards to the resistance and survival strategy by the DIY metal agents represent an intens relation between individuality and collectivity.
Pengantar Redaksi
Authors: Pemuda Jurnal Studi
Published: February 2019

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Stress and Burnout among Preretirement Employee in Hospital at 10th of Ramadan City
Authors: Allah Eman S. Abd , Hussein Samia S. Hassan , Farag Hanaa K. , Ibrahim Mervat E.
Published: February 2019

Employees are at high risk for stress and burnout. The aim of this study was to assess job stressors and burnout among employees in hospital at Tenth of Ramadan city. Design: cross-sectional descriptive design. Setting: the National Health Insurance Hospital at 10th of Ramadan city. Samples: convenience sample consisted of 100 employees. Tools: a self-administered questionnaire including scales for job stress and strain, burnout, and coping strategies, in addition to socio-demographic data was used in data collection. Results: the majority of the nurses were younger than 30 years (78%), with diploma degree (93%), and insufficient income (69%). More nurses had high exposure to stressors (49%), than strains (19%), and 20% had high burnout. Conclusion: the coping strategy most commonly used was effective behavioral confrontation. Nurses’ stress, strain, and burnout are strongly correlated and are influenced by personal factors such as age, qualification, experience, and residence, as well as job factors such as work hours, income, and the use of ineffective coping. Recommendations: the hospital administration should deal with and periodic assess the job factors underlying nurses’ stress and burnout. Further research is proposed to investigate the effectiveness of changing work environment factors and nursing care system on nurses’ burnout.
Debate y reforma del método de estudios en la Real Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala del Siglo XVIII
Authors: Álvarez-Sánchez Adriana
Published: February 2019

Este artículo reconstruye el proceso de reforma del método de estudios de la Real Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala en el siglo XVIII. Por medio de los documentos producidos por la propia institución, de informes de las autoridades civiles y eclesiásticas, y de las órdenes reales, se analiza el debate en torno a la crítica hecha al estudio general por parte de un fraile dominico.Esta reforma se limitó a reconocer oficialmente las modificaciones que los catedráticos llevaban años practicando, mismas que se dieron dentro de la doctrina común de las universidades hispánicas. Más allá de una Ilustración americana, los cambios obedecieron, en parte, a las pugnas políticas y académicas de la capitanía general y de sus letrados.
Guía de fuentes de información iberoamericana para la investigación educativa
Authors: Torres-Verdugo María-Ángela
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo pretende apoyar a la comunidad académica del campo educativo ofreciéndole un grupo seleccionado, actualizado y ordenado de fuentes de información que abordan principalmente la problemática educativa iberoamericana. La selección se realizó teniendo presente los siguientes criterios: que el contenido sea sobre educación; se prefirieron las fuentes que están en idioma español aunque se describen algunas en portugués e inglés; que hayan sido generadas por instituciones universitarias, entidades oficiales nacionales o internacionales, y que sean de acceso libre y de fácil consulta. Las fuentes están agrupadas en las siguientes categorías: institutos y centros de investigación, bases de datos documentales y hemerotecas digitales, bibliotecas especializadas y catálogos en línea, bases de datos estadísticos, redes, academias, asociaciones y organismos, y revistas electrónicas. En cada categoría, los sitios se clasificaron en nacionales e internacionales y, dentro de estas categorías, aparecen en orden alfabético. Las revistas se presentan por países y se incluyen su periodicidad, una o dos direcciones electrónicas, institución que la edita y las principales bases de datos y hemerotecas virtuales en las que están indexadas.
Perfil y prácticas educativas del docente orientado a la innovación en las escuelas de negocios en México
Authors: Farías Martínez Gabriela María , Lavín Verastegui Jesús
Published: February 2019

Es de especial trascendencia para las escuelas de negocios en México afrontar las demandas sociales y de calidad académica de la educación superior. Ante el desafío del cambio,  el profesor es el actor central en los procesos de innovación educativa. El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación exploratorio- descriptivo, fue conocer las características del perfil y de las prácticas educativas de un profesor innovador en las escuelas de negocios en México. Para lograr este objetivo se combinaron técnicas de investigación cualitativas y cuantitativas, aplicadas a académicos y directivos de las instituciones afiliadas a la ANFECA.  Los resultados sugieren que la creatividad, la incorporación de la tecnología y el trabajo colegiado son elementos esenciales para promover la innovación educativa en las disciplinas contables y administrativas en México.
Reseña del libro "La investigación en el posgrado de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional 2010"
Authors: Barrón-Triado Concepción
Published: February 2019

Preguntarse sobre el impacto de los programas de posgrado en educación para la formación en investigación e intervención podría parecer ociosa o redundante, no es tal si se consideran las características del campo de la investigación educativa y de la educación misma, como objetos de estudio. Es pertinente señalar dos cosas: la primera, que la educación puede ser abordada para su análisis desde diversas perspectivas, dimensiones y disciplinas; y la segunda, que en la educación, considerada como sistema educativo, participa una gran diversidad de agentes en todos sus ciclos y niveles, y que particularmente en la educación superior implica a todos los campos de conocimiento, tanto disciplinarios como profesionales.
Factores asociados al rezago en estudiantes de una institución de educación superior en México
Authors: Vera-Noriega José Ángel , Ramos-Estrada Dora Yolanda , Sotelo-Castillo Mirsha Alicia , Echeverría-Castro Sonia , Serrano-Encinas Dulce María , Vales-García Javier José
Published: February 2019

En este artículo se analizaron los factores asociados al rezago en estudiantes universitarios. El modelo de Astin fue la guía conceptual y metodológica para la evaluación de los factores. Se utilizó un enfoque mixto con un diseño concurrente triangulado (Creswell y Plano, 2007), y una muestra representativa de 300 estudiantes de una institución de educación superior. Se elaboró una medida bajo los criterios de Nunally y Bernstein (1994) de validez y confiabilidad. Los resultados indican que los factores personales que están asociados al rezago son: el género, el promedio de preparatoria, el puntaje obtenido en el examen de admisión a la universidad, así como los factores de motivación al logro relacionados con las dimensiones de trabajo y competencia. Entre los factores institucionales asociados al rezago, tenemos: el currículo-plan de estudios; la conducta de matriculación y permanencia en clases; la orientación y la preocupación de la universidad por el estudiante, y el aspecto administrativo del currículo.
La escritura de textos en colaboración. Una práctica de construcción de representaciones sociales en el aprendizaje de las ciencias
Authors: Gálvez Díaz Víctor Armando
Published: February 2019

En este artículo se describen las representaciones sociales de la ciencia, construidas entre los alumnos integrantes de tres equipos de trabajo, pertenecientes a diferentes escuelas del nivel medio superior, ubicadas en varios estados de México y con características socioculturales diversas.  Se analizan los elementos que constituyen la representación de la ciencia de cada equipo, la forma en que participan las posturas epistemológicas individuales en su construcción, así como las pautas o estilos de colaboración de cada uno de los equipos. Para identificar las representaciones de la ciencia, tanto individuales como de equipo, se pidió a los alumnos analizar y resolver en colaboración un problema relacionado con la construcción del conocimiento científico.
Enseñanza de capacidades comunicacionales en estudiantes y profesionales de la salud: situación actual y perspectivas
Authors: Grilo Ana
Published: February 2019

Actualmente es ampliamente aceptado que la promoción de la relación del profesional de la salud con su paciente conduce al incremento de la calidad de la atención. La investigación sobre los beneficios de la comunicación eficaz condujo a algunos autores a considerar a la comunicación como la herramienta más importante para la atención de la salud. Como consecuencia, desde comienzo de los años noventa, las escuelas médicas, principalmente del mundo occidental, han aumentado el interés en el desarrollo de las capacidades de comunicación. Este trabajo partió de la investigación bibliografía realizada a través de la b-on. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: comunicación profesional de salud-enfermo, entrenamiento capacidades en comunicación, estudiantes y salud.  El análisis de los diversos programas de capacitación en materia de capacidadde comunicación destinados a estudiantes y profesionales de la salud permitió constatar que existe una enorme variabilidad y falta de consistencia entre los diferentes programas de capacitación actualmente disponibles.  La mayoría de los estudios incluía información insuficiente sobre las capacidades de comunicación que se enseñaría a los participantes. Pese a la situación actual, se señalan algunas directrices para el futuro de la enseñanza de estas capacidades a nivel de la enseñanza de pre y pos graduación en el área de la salud.
El origen de la variación de la energía libre asociada a la hidrólisis del ATP y la Enseñanza de la Bioquímica
Authors: J. Boluda Carlos , Sosa Nohely , Marranzini Camila , Tejada Pamela , Bonnelly Roberto
Published: February 2019

Numerosos libros de texto utilizados en educacion secundaria y en el ambito de la ensenanza universitaria, mantienen que el trifosfato de adenosina ATP, es la “moneda energetica” de la celula, atribuyendole un caracter singular a los enlaces fosfoanhidros caracteristicos de esta biomolecula. Incluso se suele emplear la conocida como notacion de Lipmann, para simbolizar el supuesto caracter excepcional de estos “enlaces ricoenergeticos”. No obstante, la elevada energia libre estandar de la hidrolisis del ATP (ΔG°´= -30.5kJ/mol) no se debe a ningun enlace especial sino a varios factores electronicos y estericos, que incrementan la inestabilidad de la molecula y a la capacidad que tienen las celulas para alejar la relacion [ADP]/[ATP] diez ordenes de magnitud de la posicion de equilibrio.
PENGELOLAAN MUTU BIJI KAKAO PETANI PERKEBUNAN RAKYAT MELALUI TEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI UNTUK MEMPEROLEH NILAI EKONOMI YANG LEBIH BAIK
Authors: Manalu Radot
Published: February 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini fokus untuk membahas peningkatan mutu biji kakao melalui  teknologi fermentasi dalam  pascapanen perkebunan kakao rakyat, khususnya di Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para petani di Sulawesi Selatan  belum memperhatikan mutu karena pada umumnya menjual biji kakao hasil pertaniannya yang belum difermentasi. Biji kakao melalui proses teknologi fermentasi akan menghasilkan cita rasa khas coklat, dengan aroma yang baik dan bermutu tinggi sesuai standard pasar internasional. Jika petani perkebunan kakao rakyat melakukan inovasi teknologi fermentasi, akan mendapatkan nilai tambah dengan selisih harga sekitar Rp 3.000 – Rp 5.000 karena  harga biji kakao fermentasi lebih tinggi dari harga biji kakao yang tidak difermentasi. penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Data sekunder diperoleh dari  berbagai sumber informasi antara lain: buku, jurnal, data statistik, dan kebijakan berupa peraturan pemerintah sesuai dengan substansi permasalahan dan pembahasan dalam penelitian. Sedangkan data primer diperoleh  melalui wawancara dengan responden dan narasumber terpilih. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan melalui teknik purposive sampling. Responden terpilih ditentukan dengan kriteria:  kelompok tani, pedagang pengumpul, dan pedagang besar dan industri. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif ekspoloratif dengan kerangka penelitian manajemen pengelolaan biji kakao pasca panen.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN DANA BAGI HASIL TERHADAP PENERIMAAN DAERAH DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Harefa, S.E., M.E. Mandala
Published: February 2019

The implementation of regional autonomy along with fiscal decentralization in Indonesia is significantly expected to increase the amount of funds transferred to the regions. The policy aims to reduce inter-regional fiscal inequality in order to improve the quality of public services in the region. This research was conducted to find out whether central government transfers in the form of Revenue Sharing Funds (DBH) would be able to increase the regional revenues of East Kalimantan Province to fund regional needs in the context of implementing decentralization. East Kalimantan Province was selected as the case study, considering that this province has many natural resources which expectedly will receive a quite large DBH. This study uses qualitative methods to explain problems related to the implementation of fiscal decentralization policies. The focus of the study is the proportion percentage of DBH that has been regulated. Important information gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to find the core of the problem to facilitate analysis. The results of the study showed that the DBH obtained by East Kalimantan Province in recent years had decreased, so that it had an effect on overall revenue which in turn had a significant effect on the implementation of regional programs. On the other hand, a very large increase was received from the transfer of special allocation funds, but this also did not affect the revenues of East Kalimantan Province. Whereas Local Revenues did not experience a significant increase.
Eksistensi dan Determinan Middle Income Trap di Indonesia
Authors: Lumbangaol Hotmaria Elecktawati , Pasaribu Ernawati
Published: February 2019

Bank Dunia telah mengklasifikasikan bahwa Indonesia telah masuk dalam kelompok negara pendapatan menengah kebawah (lower-middle income country) dalam 13 tahun terakhir. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia cukup stagnan dalam waktu yang lama dan membuat potensi Indonesia masuk jebakan pendapatan menengah (Middle Income Trap) sangat besar. Penelitian ini diantaranya bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi apakah Indonesia telah masuk dalam MIT. Analisis time series ECM digunakan sekaligus untuk mengetahui tindakan apa yang perlu dilakukan dalam jangka panjang untuk keluar atau terhindar dari jebakan pendapatan menengah. PNB per kapita sebagai dasar pengklasifikasian kelompok pendapatan negara-negara di dunia digunakan sebagai variabel untuk melihat MIT. Didapatkan hasil bahwa baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang sektor jasa dan jumlah tenaga kerja berpendidikan tinggi berpengaruh positif terhadap PNB perkapita. Sektor pertanian berpengaruh positif hanya dalam jangka pendek, sedangkan sektor manufaktur berpengartuh negatif dalam jangka panjang. Struktur perekonomian yang tidak didukung bersama-sama oleh sektor-sektor ekonomi ini menunjukkan bahwa transformasi struktur ekonomi tidak berjalan dengan baik dan mengindikasikan Indonesia telah masuk dalam jebakan pendapatan menengah. Pemerintah diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sektor jasa, PMTB, dan tenaga kerja berpendidikan tinggi (human capital), serta memperbaiki sektor pertanian dan manufaktur di Indonesia sebagai upaya keluar dari jebakan pendapatan menengah dan bertransisi menuju negara maju.
Pharmaceutical study & preliminary analysis of Sheetala Parpati
Authors: Chandra Namitha R. , Karjagi Satish P. , Hussain Gazala
Published: February 2019

The Parpati kalpana is a thin flake form of mercurial preparation which is unique in the field of Rasashastra. It is one among the Chaturvidha Rasayana and Agnisthayi Murchita Parada Bandha i.e., Pota Bandha of Parada. Sheetala parpati is an Ayurvedic medicine that comes under Parpati kalpana, used in the treatment of difficulty in urination, urinary calculi, dyspepsia, etc. There are two different references of Sheetala Parpati where the ingredients and method of preparation are different. In the present work an attempt has been made to prepare both the varieties of Sheetala parpati along with its analytical study. It is mainly indicated in Mutrakricchra (Dysurea) and other diseases like Amlapitta (Hyperacidity), Udarashoola (Abdominal pain), Ajeerna (Indigestion), Yakritvikara (Hepatic disorder), etc.

Keywords: Parpati kalpana, Chaturvidha Rasayana, Sheetala Parpati, Mutrakricchra (Dysurea)
Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of theophylline sustained release tablet
Authors: Gaware Ravi U , Tambe Sujit T , Dhobale Shankar M , Jadhav Suresh L
Published: February 2019

The aim of present study was to prepare sustained release tablet of Theophylline so as to prolong its elimination time and at the same time to keep cost of the formulation minimum. In this study ethyl cellulose and Eudragit are used in the formulation to sustain the release of Theophylline. Ethyl cellulose and Eudragit are added at the granulation step to form a sustained release coating around each granule. Different batches were designed one after another on trial and error basis to get the optimum drug release upto 12 hours.

Keywords: Theophylline, ethyl cellulose, Eudragit, sustained release, coating, tablet.
Comparative Phytochemical investigation and Antioxidant study of Narcicuss tazetta, Nymphaea mexicana zucc. And Indigofera heterantha.
Authors: Sabreen Saba , Mubashir Hussain Masoodi Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
Published: February 2019

The study was intended to investigate the presence of phytoconstituents in the bulbs of Narcicuss tazetta, flowers of the plant Nymphaea mexicana, and roots of Indigofera heterantha. The present study provides evidence that methanolic extracts of Narcicuss tazetta, Nymphaea mexicana and Indigofera heterantha contain important compounds with marked bioactivity. Maximum phenolic content was observed in Nymphaea mexicana and maximum flavonoid content was observed in extract of Indigofera heterantha.

Keywords: Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant, Nymphaea mexicana, Narcicuss tazetta, Indigofera heterantha
Dermal application of lactic acid based cream of a non pathogenic Kocuria marina (BMKO1) strain against Epidermophyton floccosum (MTCC 613) symptomatic excision mice model
Authors: Dash Soumya S , Pattnaik Smaranika
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Kocuria marina (BMKo1) derived Lactic acid against Epidermophyton floccosum (MTCC-613) infections induced on male Swiss Albino mice model (Mus musculus).  For this purpose, the isolated strain was subjected to ‘flask fermentation’ and the Lactic acid produced as fermentation product, was quantified and analysed. Prior to preclinical test, healthy mice models of approximately 8 weeks old and 25-30 gm (weight) were subjected to intra-dermal administration for a period of 15 days to test for toxicity. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes were continually monitored. Then the mouse models were inoculated with 100 µl/ml (V/V) of E. floccosum (MTCC-613) spore suspensions following ‘Excision model’. After induction of the infection, the symptomatic mice groups were subjected to topical application of Kocuria lactic acid cream based formulation at a concentration of 1µl/ml (V/V). The naked eye observations were made on the infected lesions till the absolute deduction of infection of excised skin surfaces. The degrees of deduction of infection were converted into scores and the percentages (%) of deduction of infection were calculated and the average value was derived. There were inclusion of positive control (Fluconazole) and negative control (group with infection induced excision, but without any drug application) mice groups for the sake of comparison. Further, with absolute deduction of infection score observed in mice group, applied with Kocuria derived Lactic acid was akin to Fluconazole activity. However, the infection induced mice group was found to be with substantial increase of degree of infection. This study have curtain raised about the anti Epidermophyton infection activity of a cream based  Cell free Lactic acid derived from a non pathogenic strain of Kocuria marina on mouse models.

Keywords: Kocuria marina, Epidermophyton floccosum, Lactic acid
Assessment of anti bacterial screening of Pongamia pinnata stem against bacterial species: An In-vitro approach
Authors: Manish Adithya Gadeela , Mounika Nerella , Vasudha Bakshi , Narender Boggula
Published: February 2019

Numerous studies have shown that aromatic and medicinal plants are sources of diverse nutrient and non-nutrient molecules which protect the human body against various pathogens. Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a large number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources. Herbal medicine is the oldest known healthcare system known to mankind. India has rich medicinal plants of nearly 7500 species. Many medicinal plants were with a long history of use in folk medicine against a variety of diseases. Recently, many researchers have taken a great interest on medicinal plants for their phytochemical constituents and biological activities including anti microbial activity. The anti bacterial activity of the ethanolic crude stem extract of Pongamia pinnata against four bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) was investigated, using agar diffusion technique. At concentrations ranging from 10-40 mg/mL, the ethanolic crude extract showed activity against the four bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and E. coli) from 2 mm-20 mm, after 24 hours incubation. The present study showed the effectiveness of the crude plant extract against the tested bacterial strains and indicates the potential use of the extract as anti bacterial agent for the control of infectious diseases.

Keywords:  Pongamia pinnata, anti bacterial activity, agar diffusion technique, bacterial strains, chloramphenicol.
Drug utilization studies among ENT patients in various clinical settings: A comprehensive review
Authors: Rasool Shafiqa , Maqbool Mudasir , Joshi Yogesh
Published: February 2019

Drug utilization research is thus an all important part of pharmacoepideminology as it explains the extent, nature and determinants of drug exposure. A drug utilization study is a tool for determining the effectiveness of drug use. They have tendency to create sound economic bases for health care. It focuses on various factors related to prescribing, dispensing, and administration of medication and associated events. It is a study which is used for analyzing or describe-quantitatively and qualitatively- the population of users of a given drug (or class of drug) and/or the condition of use (for example, indication, duration of treatment, dosage, previous or associated treatment and compliance). ENT problems have been counted as prominent as well as commonly occurring medical problem for our society. It is a problem of most concern. Drug utilization studies can play a major role to identify the nature of therapy used in their treatment and also helps to promote the rationality and minimizing the errors in the drug therapy. Such kind of studies can be helpful for healthcare practitioners as well as to the society against such health issues. Drug utilization research developed quickly during the following 30 years and soon became a respectable subject for consideration at international congresses in pharmacology, pharmacy and epidemiology. Successful research in drug requires multidisciplinary collaboration between clinicians, clinical pharmacologists, pharmacists and epidemiologists. Without the support of the prescribers, this research effort will fail to reach its goal of facilitating the rational use of drugs. In this review, we will briefly list various Drug utilization studies in ENT Clinical settings.

Keywords: Drug utilization studies, ENT, Prescribing patterns, Rational prescribing,  Pharmacoepideminology
Canna indica L. (Cannaceae): A review on phytochemical, medicinal, pharmacological and biological studies
Authors: Yadav Prashant Kumar , O S.S. Sisdia
Published: February 2019

This review article aims to supply in order which is necessary to assert and look at its pharmacognostic, biological and pharmacological profile. Every part of Canna has valuable properties that can serve humankind so the whole plant can be extensively studied for further research aspects. Considering the extensive uses of C. indica L. roots, leaves and rhizomes, the present article work is an attempt to explore phyto-compounds present in Canna indica L. roots leaves, and rhizomes possibly answerable for unusual pharmacological activities exhibited and thereby therapeutic uses predictable to them. This article mainly emphasized on phytoconstituents present in various parts of Canna indica L. and their corresponding biological and pharmacological activities.

Keywords: Canna indica L., origin, phytoconstituents, biological and pharmacological activities
Comparative bioavailability study of phenytoin in healthy Nepalese volunteers
Authors: Rai DIllisher , Rauniar Gajendra Prasad
Published: February 2019

Our study aimed to assess and compare the bioavailability of Eptoin 100 mg and Epileptin 100mg tablets in Nepalese healthy volunteers. A randomized, two-treatment cross-over study with two weeks’ wash-out period was conducted in 12 healthy non-smoker and non-alcoholic Nepalese male volunteers over a period of 6 months in the department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal after approval from the Institutional Review Committee. The participants were randomized using sealed envelope system and received a single 100 mg oral tablet of either of the formulations with a two week washout period. Blood samples were collected predose and at regular intervals postdose upto 72 hours. Plasma phenytoin levels were estimated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The analytical method was validated prior to the start of study. Cmax (Peak Plasma Concentration), Tmax (Time to achieve maximum Plasma Concentration), AUC0-72 (Area under plasma concentration time curve 0 to 72 hours), AUC0-∞ (Area under plasma concentration time curve 0 to ∞) and T½ (Elimination half-life) and Kel (Elimination rate constant) were calculated and 80-120% margin (90% confidence interval) was used to assess bioequivalence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the data at P-value of 0.05. All volunteers completed the study. The log-transformed values of Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of the both formulations were within the specified limits and were bioequivalent according to the regulatory definition of bioequivalence based on the rate and extent of absorption. Both products can be considered equally effective in medical practice.

Keywords: Bioavailability, Bioequivalence, healthy volunteer, Nepal, phenytoin sodium.