bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superabsorbent polymer with improved permeability and absorption rate using hollow glass microspheres
Authors: Kwon Yong Rok , Lim Seung Ho , Kim Hae Chan , Kim Jung Soo , Chang Young Wook , Choi Jun , Kim Dong Hyun
Published: February 2021

Itaconic acid‐vinyl sulfonic acid based super absorbent polymer (SAP) was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization using ammonium persulfate as the initiator, tetra (ethylene glycol) diacrylate as the internal crosslinking agent, and sodium hydroxide as the neutralizing agent. Surface‐crosslinking was introduced to improve the low absorbency under load of the itaconic acid‐based SAP. Hollow glass microspheres were added during surface‐crosslinking to improve the absorption properties and permeability of the SAP. Hollow glass microspheres increased the specific surface area of SAP and acted as an incompressible filler resulting in the improvement of gel strength and the relief of gel blocking by preventing adhesion between SAP particles. The surface‐crosslinked SAP with 2 wt% hollow glass microspheres showed the highest permeability and absorbency under load. The absorption rate of the synthesized material was also increased.
β‐sheet breakers with consecutive phenylalanines: Insights into mechanism of dissolution of β‐amyloid fibrils
Authors: Jarmuła Adam , Ludwiczak Jan , Stępkowski Dariusz
Published: February 2021

β‐sheet breakers (BSB) constitute a class of peptide inhibitors of amyloidogenesis, a process which is a hallmark of many diseases called amyloidoses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the molecular details of their action are still not fully understood. Here we describe the results of the computational investigation of the three BSBs, iaβ6 (LPFFFD), iaβ5 (LPFFD), and iaβ6_Gly (LPFGFD), in complex with the fibril model of Aβ42 and propose the kinetically probable mechanism of their action. The mechanism involves the binding of BSB to the central hydrophobic core (CHC) region (LVFFA) of Aβ fibril and the π‐stacking of its Phe rings both internally and with the Aβ fibril. In the process, the Aβ fibril undergoes distortion accumulating on the side of chain A (located on the odd tip of the fibril). In a single replica of extended molecular dynamics run of one of the iaβ6 poses, the distortion concludes in a dissociation of chain A from the fibril model of Aβ42. Altogether, we postulate that including consecutive Phe residues into BSBs docked around Phe 20 in the CHC region of Aβ42 improve their potency for dissolution of fibrils.
Thermodynamic stability of hnRNP A1 low complexity domain revealed by high‐pressure NMR
Authors: Levengood Jeffrey D. , Peterson Jake , Tolbert Blanton S. , Roche Julien
Published: February 2021

We have investigated the pressure‐ and temperature‐induced conformational changes associated with the low complexity domain of hnRNP A1, an RNA‐binding protein able to phase separate in response to cellular stress. Solution NMR spectra of the hnRNP A1 low‐complexity domain fused with protein‐G B1 domain were collected from 1 to 2500 bar and from 268 to 290 K. While the GB1 domain shows the typical pressure‐induced and cold temperature‐induced unfolding expected for small globular domains, the low‐complexity domain of hnRNP A1 exhibits unusual pressure and temperature dependences. We observed that the low‐complexity domain is pressure sensitive, undergoing a major conformational transition within the prescribed pressure range. Remarkably, this transition has the inverse temperature dependence of a typical folding‐unfolding transition. Our results suggest the presence of a low‐lying extended and fully solvated state(s) of the low‐complexity domain that may play a role in phase separation. This study highlights the exquisite sensitivity of solution NMR spectroscopy to observe subtle conformational changes and illustrates how pressure perturbation can be used to determine the properties of metastable conformational ensembles.
Standing out from the crowd: Dedicated institutional investors and strategy uniqueness
Authors: Oehmichen Jana , Firk Sebastian , Wolff Michael , Maybuechen Franz
Published: February 2021

Research summary

This article examines the effect of dedicated institutional investors on firms’ strategy uniqueness. We build on the uniqueness paradox where unique strategies are important drivers of economic rent, yet create an information problem whereby CEOs face discounts from the capital market, thus discouraging them from selecting unique strategies. We propose dedicated institutional investors as a partial remedy to the uniqueness paradox. Dedicated institutional investors invest in gaining private information about their investments, devote effort to understanding firms’ strategies, and reduce capital market pressure. Thus, dedicated institutional investors can encourage CEOs to pursue more unique strategies. Our empirical results show the positive influence of dedicated institutional investors on strategic uniqueness, which is even stronger when firms operate in industries that are hard to value.

Managerial summary

Unique strategies can be an important way for managers to create long‐term value. However, some managers shy away from implementing such strategies, fearing that the short‐term oriented capital market does not fully understand the long‐term benefits of unique strategies and hence punishes them. Our study shows that investors who are long‐term‐oriented, focused, and committed help resolve this issue. These owners gather in‐depth private information about their investments, devote effort to understanding firms’ strategies, and reduce capital market pressures. Hence, their commitment and patience can encourage CEOs to pursue more unique strategies. Our study reflects the high levels of responsibility that investors have on strategic decision‐making. Therefore, we recommend to intensify the communication between investors and firms on strategic topics (e.g., in form of stewardship policies).
Essential or not? Knowledge problems and COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders
Authors: Storr Virgil Henry , Haeffele Stefanie , Lofthouse Jordan K. , Grube Laura E.
Published: February 2021

In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, governments around the world issued stay‐at‐home orders, which required that individuals stay at home unless they were engaging in certain activities. Often these orders would designate certain goods and services as “essential” and would permit individuals engaged in the production, delivery, and purchase of those goods and services to leave their homes to do so. Implicit in these policies, of course, is the assumption that policymakers can know ex ante which goods and services are essential. As proved true while these stay‐at‐home orders were in effect, essentialness is necessarily subjective and depends on knowledge that is often dispersed, inarticulate, and changes over time. Policymakers, however, do not and often cannot have access to the local knowledge needed to determine ex ante which goods and services are essential, and they lack the feedback mechanisms they would need to adroitly adapt when circumstances change. This paper examines these knowledge problems associated with designating certain goods and services as “essential” when crafting and implementing stay‐at‐home orders.
Perovskite Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Stability, and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Wang Shizhe , Yousefi Amin Amir Abbas , Wu Linzhong , Cao Muhan , Zhang Qiao , Ameri Tayebeh
Published: February 2021

Metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials, named as the game changers, have attracted researchers’ attention worldwide for over a decade. Among them, nanometer‐scale perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have exhibited attractive photophysical properties, such as tunable bandgaps, narrow emission, strong light‐absorption coefficients, and high defect tolerance, because they combined the excellent optoelectronic properties of bulk perovskite materials with strong quantum confinement effects of the nanoscale. These materials possess a great potential to be applied in the optoelectronic devices. For commercial applications in devices like solar cells (SCs), light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), and photodetectors (PDs), the stability of PNCs against ambient atmosphere like oxygen and moisture, as well as light and high temperature is crucial. Herein, the synthetic methods and stability issues of the PNCs are introduced first, followed by the introduction of the strategies for improving their stability by encapsulation. The applications of PNCs in various optoelectronic devices are then briefly presented. Finally, the remained challenges in improving the stability of PNCs toward the PNC‐based optoelectronics with high performance and great durability are addressed.
Relativistic N-particle energy shift in finite volume
Authors: Romero-López Fernando , Rusetsky Akaki , Schlage Nikolas , Urbach Carsten
Published: February 2021

Abstract

We present a general method for deriving the energy shift of an interacting system of N spinless particles in a finite volume. To this end, we use the nonrelativistic effective field theory (NREFT), and match the pertinent low-energy constants to the scattering amplitudes. Relativistic corrections are explicitly included up to a given order in the 1/L expansion. We apply this method to obtain the ground state of N particles, and the first excited state of two and three particles to order L−6 in terms of the threshold parameters of the two- and three-particle relativistic scattering amplitudes. We use these expressions to analyze the N-particle ground state energy shift in the complex φ4 theory.
Effects of whole-body neuromuscular electrical stimulation device on hemodynamics, arrhythmia, and sublingual microcirculation
Authors: Hoshiai Megumi , Ochiai Kaori , Tamura Yuma , Tsurumi Tomoki , Terashima Masato , Tamiya Hajime , Maeno Eikou , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Tomoe Takashi , Kawabe Atsuhiko , Uema Atsuko , Ueno Asuka , Sugiyama Takushi , Horie Yasuto , Sugimura Hiroyuki , Koike Ryousuke , Yasu Takanori
Published: February 2021

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and other types of muscular dysfunction. A novel whole-body neuromuscular electrical stimulation (WB-NMES) wearable device may be beneficial when combined with voluntary exercises. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effects of the WB-NMES on hemodynamics, arrhythmia, and sublingual microcirculation. The study included 19 healthy Japanese volunteers, aged 22–33 years, who were not using any medication. Electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and blood sampling were conducted before a 20-min WB-NMES session and at 0 and 10 min after termination of WB-NMES. Their tolerable maximum intensity was recorded using numeric rating scale. Arrhythmia was not detected during neuromuscular electrical stimulation or during 10 min of recovery. Blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, and diastolic function remained unchanged; however, mild mitral regurgitation was transiently observed during WB-NMES in a single male participant. A decrease in blood glucose and an increase in blood lactate levels were observed, but no changes in blood fluidity, sublingual microcirculation, blood levels of noradrenaline, or oxidative stress were shown. WB-NMES is safe and effective for decreasing blood glucose and increasing blood lactate levels without changing the blood fluidity or microcirculation in healthy people.
Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in predicting CRT response: one more J-shaped curve in medicine
Authors: Orszulak Michal , Filipecki Artur , Wrobel Wojciech , Berger-Kucza Adrianna , Orszulak Witold , Urbanczyk-Swic Dagmara , Kwasniewski Wojciech , Mizia-Stec Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was: (1) to verify the hypothesis that left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) may be of additive prognostic value in prediction CRT response and (2) to obtain such a LVGLS value that in the best optimal way enables to characterize potential CRT responders. Forty-nine HF patients (age 66.5 ± 10 years, LVEF 24.9 ± 6.4%, LBBB 71.4%, 57.1% ischemic aetiology of HF) underwent CRT implantation. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed prior to and 15 ± 7 months after CRT implantation. Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed to assess longitudinal left ventricular function as LVGLS. The response to CRT was defined as a ≥ 15% reduction in the left ventricular end-systolic volume (∆LVESV). Thirty-six (73.5%) patients responded to CRT. There was no linear correlation between baseline LVGLS and ∆LVESV (r = 0.09;p = 0.56). The patients were divided according to the percentile of baseline LVGLS: above 80th percentile; between 80 and 40th percentile; below 40th percentile. Two peripheral groups (above 80th and below 40th percentile) formed “peripheral LVGLS” and the middle group was called “mid-range LVGLS”. The absolute LVGLS cutoff values were − 6.07% (40th percentile) and − 8.67% (80th percentile). For the group of 20 (40.8%) “mid-range LVGLS” patients mean ΔLVESV was 33.3 ± 16.9% while for “peripheral LVGLS” ΔLVESV was 16.2 ± 18.8% (p < 0.001). Among non-ischemic HF etiology, all “mid-range LVGLS” patients (100%) responded positively to CRT (in “peripheral LVGLS”—55% responders;p = 0.015). Baseline LVGLS may have a potential prognostic value in prediction CRT response with relationship of inverted J-shaped pattern. “Mid-range LVGLS” values should help to select CRT responders, especially in non-ischemic HF etiology patients.
Correction to: Efficacy and safety of galcanezumab for preventive treatment of migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiuyuan , Xu Xiaolin , Li Qingyun
Published: February 2021

The authors would like to correct errors in the publication of their original article.
Correction to: Introduction to symposium ‘Reimagining land: materiality, affect and the uneven trajectories of land transformation’
Authors: Sippel Sarah Ruth , Visser Oane
Published: February 2021

Unfortunately there has been a severe mis-referencing in the published article. Therefore the article has been updated.
Rehabilitation nach Nierentransplantation
Authors: Gerbig Doris
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund

Durch strukturierte (Langzeit‑)Nachsorge nach Nierentransplantation und Nierenlebendspende können Risikofaktoren für Transplantatüberleben und Nierenfunktion und für die physische wie psychische Morbidität unterschiedlichster Genese detektiert und gebessert werden. Neben den klassischen kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren zählen hierzu eine mangelnde Adhärenz des Patienten, Wissensdefizite im Hinblick auf Verhaltensregeln nach Transplantation und Lebendspende, Bewegungsmangel, mangelnde Coping-Strategien oder auch arbeitsmedizinische und sozialrechtliche Belange.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es soll dargestellt werden, wie Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen die Nachsorge nach Nierentransplantation und Lebendspende optimieren können, worauf sich der Rehabilitationsbedarf begründet, welche Ziele verfolgt werden und welche multidisziplinären Therapiemodule sich etabliert haben.

Material und Methoden

Hierfür dienen neben einer Literaturrecherche die Erfahrungen einer Rehabilitationsklinik, die seit dem Jahr 2000 Rehabilitationen nach Nierentransplantation und nach Lebendspende anbietet und etwa 600 Patienten pro Jahr behandelt.

Ergebnisse

Spezialisierte Rehamaßnahmen mit nephrologischem und transplantationsmedizinischem Schwerpunkt können die ambulante Nachsorge nach Nierentransplantation und Nierenlebendspende sinnvoll ergänzen, wenn die Rehabilitationsklinik konzeptionelle, personelle und strukturelle Qualitätsanforderungen erfüllt. Eine enge Kooperation der Rehaklinik mit dem Transplantationszentrum und den behandelnden Nephrologen ist essenziell.

Diskussion

Kontrollierte Studien zur Langzeitnachsorge unter Einbeziehung der stationären Rehabilitation sind anzustreben. Auch Prärehabilitation sollte in diesen Kontext einbezogen werden.
3D Printing in Fiber-Device Technology
Authors: van der Elst Louis , Faccini de Lima Camila , Gokce Kurtoglu Meve , Koraganji Veda Narayana , Zheng Mengxin , Gumennik Alexander
Published: February 2021

Recent advances in additive manufacturing enable redesigning material morphology on nano-, micro-, and meso-scale, for achieving an enhanced functionality on the macro-scale. From non-planar and flexible electronic circuits, through biomechanically realistic surgical models, to shoe soles individualized for the user comfort, multiple scientific and technological areas undergo material-property redesign and enhancement enabled by 3D printing. Fiber-device technology is currently entering such a transformation. In this paper, we review the recent advances in adopting 3D printing for direct digital manufacturing of fiber preforms with complex cross-sectional architectures designed for the desired thermally drawn fiber-device functionality. Subsequently, taking a recursive manufacturing approach, such fibers can serve as a raw material for 3D printing, resulting in macroscopic objects with enhanced functionalities, from optoelectronic to bio-functional, imparted by the fiber-devices properties.

Graphic abstract
Renewed vision on pulmonary rehabilitation service delivery for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management beyond COVID‐19
Authors: Perumal Shakila Devi
Published: February 2021

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a cornerstone management for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). International respiratory societies defined PR is more than “just an exercise program”; it is a comprehensive care delivered by a team of dedicated healthcare professionals with a strong emphasis on long‐term health‐enhancing Behaviors. However, “Uncertainty” exists with varied reasons for the political and geographical barriers of referral, uptake, attendance, and completion of PR in both primary and secondary care. Besides, COVID‐19 pandemic has sparked many global controversies and challenges on pulmonary rehabilitation service delivery. Post‐COVID‐19 guidelines emphasize on integrated care rehabilitation for patients with COPD. Thus, this concise review intends to understand the gaps in United Kingdom healthcare policies, practices, and PR services resources. To date, there is no clear consensus on PR integrated care model pathway to address the unmet needs, measure the health and social care disparities; adds to the disease burden of COPD. Based on the culmination of evidence, this perspective offers a theoretical framework of PR integrated service model, a pathway to deliver high‐value personalized care to patients with COPD.
Current trends and applications in endoscopy for otology and neurotology
Authors: Ridge Sarah E. , Shetty Kunal R. , Lee Daniel J.
Published: February 2021

There has been a rapid increase in endoscopic ear surgery for the management of middle ear and lateral skull base disease in children and adults over the last decade. In this review paper, we discuss the current trends and applications of the endoscope in the field of otology and neurotology. Advantages of the endoscope include excellent ergonomics, compatibility with pediatric anatomy, and improved access to the middle ear through the external auditory canal. Transcanal endoscopic ear surgery has demonstrated comparable outcomes in the management of cholesteatoma, tympanic membrane perforations, and otosclerosis as compared to microscopic approaches, while utilizing less invasive surgical corridors and reducing the need for postauricular incisions. When a postauricular approach is required, the endoscopic‐assisted transmastoid approach can avoid a canal wall down mastoidectomy in cases of cholesteatoma. The endoscope also has utility in treatment of superior canal dehiscence and various skull base lesions including glomus tumors, meningiomas, and vestibular schwannomas. Outside of the operating room, the endoscope can be used during examination of the outer and middle ear and for debridement of complex mastoid cavities. For these reasons, the endoscope is currently poised to transform the field of otology and neurotology.
Venture Capital Law in China
Authors: Lin Lin
Published: February 2021

China's venture capital market is not just the world's largest and fastest developing market, it also has the unique distinction of being engineered through heavy governmental intervention. This book breaks new ground by examining and testing established legal theories regarding the law of venture capital through the lens of the Chinese venture capital market. Using a hand-collected dataset of venture capital agreements, interviews with practitioners, and Chinese court judgements, it provides a comprehensive and insightful analysis of the Chinese venture capital market from the legal perspective. Topics covered include the roles of law and governmental intervention in developing the market, the state of investor protection, unique contractual developments and exits of venture capital investments. By providing an in-depth comparative analysis against the American venture capital market, it provides critical context and makes the Chinese venture market accessible. It is an invaluable resource for venture capital scholars, policymakers and practitioners.
How Important are Superior Numbers?
Authors: Kirkpatrick David L. I.
Published: February 2021

A century ago Frederick Lanchester formulated a mathematical model of combat which suggested that the combat power of a military force was proportional to the product of the individual effectiveness of the units in the force and the square of the number of units deployed. This model reinforced a long-established faith in the importance of superior numbers. However, successive historical studies failed to identify any clear relationship between the numbers and losses in opposing forces. This Element analyses American Civil War battles, and shows that the ratio of losses incurred was inversely proportional to the ratio of numbers effectively engaged. This result demonstrates that the numbers of fighting units in a military force are less important than the ability of those units to get into action and inflict losses on the enemy. This result demonstrates the limitations of the Square Law, and should prevent it from being applied indiscriminately.
Occupational risk factors for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare personnel: A cross-sectional analysis of subjects enrolled in the COVID-19 Prevention in Emory Healthcare Personnel (COPE) study
Authors: Howard-Anderson Jessica R. , Adams Carly , Sherman Amy C. , Dube William C. , Smith Teresa C. , Edupuganti Neena , Chea Nora , Magill Shelley S. , Espinoza Daniel O. , Zhu Yerun , Phadke Varun K. , Edupuganti Srilatha , Steinberg James P. , Lopman Benjamin A. , Jacob Jesse T. , Collins Matthew H. , Fridkin Scott K.
Published: February 2021

Among 353 healthcare personnel in a longitudinal cohort in 4 hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia (May–June 2020), 23 (6.5%) had severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. Spending >50% of a typical shift at the bedside (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2–10.5) and black race (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.7–27.4) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.
A Sogdian Medical Text from Turfan
Authors: BI BO
Published: February 2021

This article deals with a Sogdian medical text in the German Turfan collection obtained from Toyoq. The recto of the document appears to contain two prescriptions for treating irregular fever and a disease involving the urinary bladder. The names of both diseases, and several ingredients used, suggest the text is closely linked to Indian medicine, especially Āyurveda. In contrast, the verso is a translation of a passage discussing dropsy in a seventh-century Chinese medical work, the first so far identified Sogdian text translated from a Chinese classical text. Despite its short content, this Sogdian medical text offers intriguing insight into the multi-cultural background of Sogdian medicine in Turfan.
The puzzling nuanced status of who free relative clauses in English: a follow-up to Patterson and Caponigro (2015)
Authors: STOCKWELL RICHARD , SCHÜTZE CARSON T.
Published: February 2021

This squib challenges Patterson & Caponigro's (2015, this journal) claim that there are few acceptable free relative clauses with who. We show that free relatives with who are generally acceptable when they are ‘transparent’ free relatives or complements of a copula, and add further nuance to their findings concerning how the degree of acceptability of free relatives with who varies according to positional factors.
Tropical Cyclones Reduce Ozone in the Tropopause Region Over the Western Pacific: An Analysis of 18 Years Ozonesonde Profiles
Authors: Li Dan , Vogel Bärbel , Müller Rolf , Bian Jianchun , Günther Gebhard , Riese Martin
Published: February 2021

Typhoons play a key role in causing low ozone concentrations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) over the western Pacific. In this study, 18 years records (2000–2017) of balloon‐borne ozone measurements in Hong Kong (22.3°N, 114.2°E) and Naha (26.2°N, 127.7°E) are combined with trajectory calculations to quantitatively assess the impact of western Pacific typhoons on ozone in the UTLS. The results show that 46.3% (44.9%) of the ozone profiles in Hong Kong (Naha) are impacted by western Pacific typhoons from July to October, with negative ozone anomalies exceeding −20%. Vertical transport by intense typhoons affects 16.8% (18.8%) of the ozone profiles in Hong Kong (Naha) with even larger negative anomalies (<−40%). Vertical transport of tropical cyclones reduces ozone by about 20–60 ppbv compared to the mean ozone profile near the tropopause. Ozone values below 60 ppbv in the upper troposphere in Hong Kong and Naha are mainly caused by the uplift in the western Pacific typhoons and by horizontal transport within the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone. The horizontal transport in the ASM anticyclone has larger contributions to the low ozone values measured over Hong Kong than over Naha.
Sensitivity of the Baltic Sea Overturning Circulation to Long‐Term Atmospheric and Hydrological Changes
Authors: Placke Manja , Meier H. E. Markus , Neumann Thomas
Published: February 2021

The sensitivity of the overturning circulation in the Baltic Sea is analyzed with respect to long‐term changes in atmospheric and hydrological conditions by using two state‐of‐the‐art ocean circulation models: RCO (Rossby Centre Ocean model) with a reference simulation and various sensitivity experiments as well as MOM (Modular Ocean Model). Historical reconstructions since 1850 lasting for >150 years are considered in order to identify coherences between the overturning stream function and surface wind, river runoff, major Baltic inflows, salinity, and water temperature. Long‐term time series are evaluated statistically for several subbasins of the Baltic Sea for the two different models and for the sensitivity experiments concerning the interannual, multidecadal, and centennial variability. We found that the simulated overturning circulation has a response time scale with respect to wind or runoff of around 30 years. The overturning circulation will decrease basin‐wide under anomalous wind conditions which hamper the deep water flow within the Baltic Sea, under a warmer climate or when river runoff increases. However, a global sea level rise would reinforce the overturning circulation. Overall, multidecadal variations of the overturning circulation are anticorrelated to and caused by the wind parallel to the cross‐section of the overturning circulation. They are not caused by river runoff and the coherence with major Baltic inflows is small. Hence, the overturning circulation does not act as a good proxy for major Baltic inflows.
Modeling of Planetary Wave Influences on the Pre‐reversal Enhancement of the Equatorial F Region Vertical Plasma Drift
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Diéval C.
Published: February 2021

Temporal and longitudinal variations of the pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE) in the equatorial F region vertical plasma drift are examined based on idealized simulations by the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model performed under geomagnetically quiet (Kp = 1) and high solar‐flux (F10.7 = 200) conditions. The model takes into account forcing by large‐scale waves from the middle and lower atmosphere, which leads to day‐to‐day variations of PRE. Simulations are performed under different wave forcing in order to separate contributions of various types of waves. It is shown that the simulated day‐to‐day variability of the PRE intensity is predominantly due to forcing by waves with periods less than 2 days, that is, tides and their modulation. Planetary‐wave forcing (periods of 2–20 days) makes contributions to periodic oscillations in the PRE intensity. Especially, the westward‐propagating quasi‐6‐day wave (Q6DW) with zonal wavenumber 1 is found to be an important source of ∼6‐day oscillations of PRE. Not only the Q6DW from below but also the Q6DW generated within the thermosphere, as well as the secondary waves due to the nonlinear interaction between the Q6DW and migrating tides, is at play. The zonal wavenumber 1 nature of the ∼6‐day oscillations could contribute to longitudinal differences in the appearance of equatorial spread F and plasma bubbles, which are strongly controlled by PRE.
Distinguishing synaptic vesicle precursor navigation of microtubule ends with a single rate constant model
Authors: Gramlich M. W. , Balseiro-Gómez S. , Tabei S. M. Ali , Parkes M. , Yogev S.
Published: February 2021

Axonal motor driven cargo utilizes the microtubule cytoskeleton in order to direct cargo, such as synaptic vesicle precursors (SVP), to where they are needed. This transport requires vesicles to travel up to microns in distance. It has recently been observed that finite microtubule lengths can act as roadblocks inhibiting SVP and increasing the time required for transport. SVPs reach the end of a microtubule and pause until they can navigate to a neighboring microtubule in order to continue transport. The mechanism(s) by which axonal SVPs navigate the end of a microtubule in order to continue mobility is unknown. In this manuscript we model experimentally observed vesicle pausing at microtubule ends in C. elegans. We show that a single rate-constant model reproduces the time SVPs pause at MT-ends. This model is based on the time an SVP must detach from its current microtubule and re-attach to a neighboring microtubule. We show that vesicle pause times are different for anterograde and retrograde motion, suggesting that vesicles utilize different proteins at plus and minus end sites. Last, we show that vesicles do not likely utilize a tug-of-war like mechanism and reverse direction in order to navigate microtubule ends.
Astrocytic expression of the Alzheimer’s disease risk allele, ApoEε4, potentiates neuronal tau pathology in multiple preclinical models
Authors: Jablonski Angela Marie , Warren Lee , Usenovic Marija , Zhou Heather , Sugam Jonathan , Parmentier-Batteur Sophie , Voleti Bhavya
Published: February 2021

ApoEε4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a disease hallmarked by extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The presence of the ApoEε4 allele is associated with increased Aβ deposition and a role for ApoEε4 in the potentiation of tau pathology has recently emerged. This study focused on comparing the effects of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of the three predominant human ApoE isoforms within astrocytes. The isoform-specific effects of human ApoE were evaluated within in vitro models of tau pathology within neuron/astrocyte co-cultures, as well as in a transgenic tau mouse model. Tau aggregation, accumulation, and phosphorylation were measured to determine if the three isoforms of human ApoE had differential effects on tau. Astrocytic overexpression of the human ApoEε4 allele increased phosphorylation and misfolding of overexpressed neuronal tau in multiple models, including the aggregation and accumulation of added tau oligomers, in an isoform-specific manner. The ability of ApoEε4 to increase tau aggregation could be inhibited by an ApoEε4-specific antibody. This study indicates that astrocytic expression of ApoEε4 can potentiate tau aggregation and phosphorylation within neurons and supports a gain of toxic function hypothesis for the effect of hApoEε4 on tau.
Author Correction: Data mining and model-predicting a global disease reservoir for low-pathogenic Avian Influenza (AI) in the wider Pacific Rim using big data sets
Authors: Gulyaeva Marina , Huettmann Falk , Shestopalov Alexander , Okamatsu Masatoshi , Matsuno Keita , Chu Duc‑Huy , Sakoda Yoshihiro , Glushchenko Alexandra , Milton Elaina , Bortz Eric
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The bonding variation of γ-TiAl during deformation
Authors: Wang Jinkai , Cui Xin , Huang Jianxin , Wang Hao , Lu Zhanpeng , He Yanlin , Chen Ying
Published: February 2021

A relative importance analysis of various types of bonding through local energy and electronic structure was performed.
An electrochemical platform for the selective detection of azathioprine utilizing a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with manganese oxide/reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Selvi Subash Vetri , Nataraj Nandini , Chen Shen-Ming , Prasannan Adhimoorthy
Published: February 2021

Scheme representing the electro-reduction of AZT at Mn2O3–rGO/SPCE.
Application of sludge-derived KOH-activated hydrochar in the adsorptive removal of orthophosphate
Authors: Oumabady Sadish , Selvaraj Paul Sebastian , Kamaludeen Sara P. B. , Ettiyagounder Parameswari , Suganya Kathirvel , R. Sangeetha Piriya
Published: February 2021

Orthophosphate removal from aqueous solution by sludge-derived hydrochar was standardized and can be applied to prevent eutrophication.
Regioisomeric AIE-active luminogens with a substituent aldehyde group for controllable and reversible photochromic behavior and sensitive fluorescence detection of hydrogen sulfite
Authors: Yu Hai-Xia , Zhi Junge , Wang Jin-Liang
Published: February 2021

Three simple AIE-active molecules displayed obvious photoactive behaviors in both solution and solid states and selective sensing of hydrogen sulfite.
Age-Related Differences in the Online Processing of Spoken Semantic Context and the Effect of Semantic Competition: Evidence From Eye Gaze
Authors: Harel-Arbeli Tami , Wingfield Arthur , Palgi Yuval , Ben-David Boaz M.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The study examined age-related differences in the use of semantic context and in the effect of semantic competition in spoken sentence processing. We used offline (response latency) and online (eye gaze) measures, using the “visual world” eye-tracking paradigm.

Method

Thirty younger and 30 older adults heard sentences related to one of four images presented on a computer monitor. They were asked to touch the image corresponding to the final word of the sentence (target word). Three conditions were used: a nonpredictive sentence, a predictive sentence suggesting one of the four images on the screen (semantic context), and a predictive sentence suggesting two possible images (semantic competition).

Results

Online eye gaze data showed no age-related differences with nonpredictive sentences, but revealed slowed processing for older adults when context was presented. With the addition of semantic competition to context, older adults were slower to look at the target word after it had been heard. In contrast, offline latency analysis did not show age-related differences in the effects of context and competition. As expected, older adults were generally slower to touch the image than younger adults.

Conclusions

Traditional offline measures were not able to reveal the complex effect of aging on spoken semantic context processing. Online eye gaze measures suggest that older adults were slower than younger adults to predict an indicated object based on semantic context. Semantic competition affected online processing for older adults more than for younger adults, with no accompanying age-related differences in latency. This supports an early age-related inhibition deficit, interfering with processing, and not necessarily with response execution.
Research on Quantitative Calculation Model of Social Benefits of Power Grid Investment Based on Input Output Table
Authors: Li Jianqing , Xie Wei , Du Haihong , Pan Wenming , Zhu Xiaohu , Wan Yidi
Published: February 2021

Under the strategic goal of "an international leading energy Internet enterprise with Chinese characteristics", in the face of severe domestic and international economic situation, power grid companies actively fulfill their social responsibilities and invest in key industrial chains. Based on the input-output method, using the latest input-output data of 42 industries, this paper constructs the quantitative relationship between investment and GDP increment, investment and employment added value, and carries out quantitative analysis on the pulling effect of investment on the economy of various industries and the role of
employment growth, so as to provide quantitative reference for power grid investment decision-making and social responsibility performance.
Review on fire explosion research of crude oil storage tank
Authors: Li Longfei , Dai Longyu
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of the world economy, the petrochemical industry energy reserve strategy and production demand increase, petrochemical storage tank farm scale is also expanding, and continue to large, intensive direction of development. In recent years, there are many disastrous accidents such as oil leakage, explosion and combustion of storage tank, so it is necessary to study the combustion and explosion behavior of storage tank. This paper studies the mechanism of explosion combustion in crude oil tank area, summarizes and states the progress of crude oil explosion combustion research at home and abroad, and lists several common risk evaluation methods for tank risk management, which can provide technical support for safety management and accident emergency rescue through qualitative, quantitative evaluation and accident consequence simulation calculation. Therefore, we should sum up the experience and lessons from the accident, strengthen the theoretical research, to avoid the recurrence of similar accidents, and effectively guarantee the safety of national energy reserves.
Evaluation on Chinese and IEC Standards for EV Charging System using fuzzy TOPSIS method
Authors: Li Yanbin , Zhang Sen , Yuan Feng , Xu Menglong
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the rapid development of electric vehicle (EV) in China has played an important role in promoting the realization of carbon emission reduction and carbon neutrality in China. The EV charging standard directly affects the domestic and foreign sales of EVs, which is crucial to the sustainable development of the EV industry. This paper compares and analyzes the EV charging system standards in China and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for EV charging system standards, and builds a comprehensive evaluation model for EV charging system standards based on the fuzzy TOPSIS method. The comprehensive evaluation results of China and IEC EV charging system standards show that IEC standards as a whole are better than China 's, but some indicators in China are better than IEC standards. The future development of China's EV charging system standards should be aligned with IEC international standards to further promote the international standardization of China's charging scheme.
Research on the development and application of museum cultural Resources display based on virtual reality technology
Authors: Yulie Wang , Yujie Sun , Chongwu Zhou
Published: February 2021

The development of museum cultural industry, as the key content of the development of national cultural industry, affects the inheritance of national culture and history. Due to the constant update of hightech, new media and other technologies, the display of cultural resources in museums is becoming more and more diversified. The application of virtual reality technology, digital interaction technology, new media and other technologies brings new vitality to the display design of modern museums. Under the background of this era, the exhibition of museum cultural resources is researched and explored. At present, virtual reality technology is gradually applied in the display and dissemination of cultural resources. This paper discusses how to realize the application of this technology in the display of cultural resources in museums.
Fracture analysis for lubricating oil pipe of compressor
Authors: SI Jun , LV Huating , REN Facai
Published: February 2021

The rupture analysis of lubricating oil pipe has been conducted through chemical composition analysis, metallographic analysis and fracture analysis. The analysis results show that there are machining defects and bidirectional vibration at the joint of lubricating oil pipe, which leads to fatigue fracture.
Hydrogen production technology by electrolysis of water and its application in renewable energy consumption
Authors: Li Jinyu , Liu Wanfu , Qi Wuqin
Published: February 2021

In order to deal with the energy crisis and environmental pollution, renewable energy power generation in the world has been rapid development. At present, the most widely used is solar energy and wind energy, but also caused a serious problem of abandoning light and wind. Hydrogen energy has become an ideal carrier of electric energy storage due to its high efficiency, clean and renewable characteristics. Electrolytic water hydrogen production technology with renewable energy as power source is one of the most promising energy conversion methods. This paper briefly analyzes the current situation of power generation and consumption of renewable energy in China in recent years, and then expounds the characteristics, principles, development status and improvement methods of alkaline, proton exchange membrane and high temperature solid oxide electrolytic water hydrogen production technology, and demonstrates its application prospect in the field of renewable energy power generation and energy storage with examples.
Research on Interactive Scenarios and Mechanisms of Energy Supply and Use Modules of Park-level Integrated Energy System
Authors: Pengxiang Zhao , Na Li , Zhiyuan Li , Nan Wang
Published: February 2021

The integrated energy system can realize the complementary advantages of multiple energy sources and effectively solve the problem of low integrated energy efficiency of traditional energy systems. Carrying out research on the interactive scenarios and mechanisms of the energy supply and use modules of the integrated energy system is conducive to promoting the development of clean energy and promoting the indepth integration of energy Internet and distributed energy technology, smart grid technology, and energy storage technology. First, it summarizes the scenarios of the energy supply and use modules of the integrated energy system, and analyzes the interaction mechanism and paths of the energy supply and use modules of the integrated energy system on this basis.
Construction of digital operation and maintenance system for new energy power generation enterprises
Authors: Wenyu Zhang , Hongyong Liu , Xiaochuan Xu , Ming Li , Weixi Ren , Buyun Ma , jie Ren , Zhenyu Song
Published: February 2021

In view of the current increasing new energy installed capacity and the frustration in outputting clean electricity due to limited channel capacity, the new energy intelligence operation system based on big data platform technology, joint power monitoring technology and large-scale energy storage power station integrated with control technology is adopted through unified modeling and communication protocols, so as to solve the problems in information interaction and unified controlling for manufacturers of multiple wind turbine, PV, storage equipment ,and varieties of equipment types.So, by structuring the power-grid friendly wind power plant, photovoltaic power plant and the energy storage power plant, and taking the "five ascension" measures can greatly reduce the workload of the staff, improving the working efficiency and the economic benefits of the enterprise greatly, meanwhile it also provide new methods, new measures and new ideas for other new energy power plants, to realize the improving of the comprehensive benefits and social value.
Risk factors analyses and preventive measures of immersed tunnel engineering
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Fu Sainan , Zhu Jianping , Wang Jiancheng
Published: February 2021

Based on the comprehensive analyses of many risk factors leading to accidents in immersed tunnel engineering, it is concluded that the risk factors leading to accidents in immersed tunnel engineering are very large and must be paid attention to in all aspects at all stages of the project. This paper classifies and identifies the risk factors in immersed tunnel engineering by investigating and visiting the relevant investigation, design and construction units of immersed tunnel, and then puts forward prevention and control measures to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of risk factors in Immersed Tunnel Engineering in the future and the risk management of the whole project.
Research on the models and implementation techniques of ceramic MES system Based on ISA95
Authors: Zhang Liping , Yang Xiaolong , Xu Yongqian , Yu Quanwang
Published: February 2021

This paper is based on ISA95, combined with the problems existing in the production process of ceramic products, to study the models and implementation techniques of ceramic MES system. It has realized the high flexibility and intelligence of ceramic manufacturing, and the traceability of ceramic products, as well as has improved the information level of the ceramic industry.
Study on the Performances of PLLA/CaSiO3 Composites
Authors: Zhang Qiuhe , Zhao Lisha , Deng Ting , Cai Yanhua
Published: February 2021

In the current work, calcium silicate (CaSiO3) was blended with the poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA)
to prepare the PLLA/CaSiO3 composites, and the crystallization process, melting process and thermal
decomposition behavior of PLLA/CaSiO3 composites were studied. The promoting effect of CaSiO3 on the
crystallization of PLLA was proved by the melt-crystallization, and the CaSiO3 content was a crucial factor
to the crystallization behavior of PLLA. The crystallization temperature significantly affected the melting
behavior of PLLA, and the double melting peaks degenerated into the single melting peak with the increasing
of crystallization temperature from 90 °C to 130 °C. Additionally, for a given PLLA/CaSiO3 sample, the
different melting processes in heating after the melt-crystallization results from the different heating rates,
and the appearance of the cold-crystallization peak indicated the medium nucleation capacity of CaSiO3. The
presence of CaSiO3 decreased the onset thermal decomposition temperature of PLLA, and this effect
depended on the competitive relationship of the poor compatibility of PLLA with CaSiO3 and the content of
CaSiO3 with high thermal stability.
Innovation investment and sustainable development
Authors: Pang Yao , Fan Yan-cheng , Huang Xiang
Published: February 2021

Innovation and technological progress are essential approaches to sustainable growth, but what will affect enterprises’ innovating motivation hasn’t been thoroughly analyzed. We establish an endogenous growth model to analyze the factors that influence an enterprise’s innovation investment, and find that the cumulative technology plays a key role: the more cumulative technology an enterprise has, the more its R&D investment will be. Empirical researches confirm the theoretical conclusions. Our study provides suggestions for policies to promote technological progress and sustainable development.