bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second harmonic imaging of plasmonic Pancharatnam-Berry phase metasurfaces coupled to monolayers of WS2
Authors: Spreyer Florian , Zhao Ruizhe , Huang Lingling , Zentgraf Thomas
Published: January 2020

The nonlinear processes of frequency conversion such as second harmonic generation (SHG) usually obey certain selection rules, resulting from the preservation of different kinds of physical quantities, e.g. the angular momentum. For the SHG created by a monolayer of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as WS2, the valley-exciton locked selection rule predicts an SHG signal in the cross-polarization state. By combining plasmonic nanostructures with a monolayer of TMDC, a hybrid metasurface is realized, which affects this nonlinear process because of an additional polarization conversion process. Here, we observe that the plasmonic metasurface modifies the light-matter interaction with the TMDC, resulting in an SHG signal that is co-polarized with respect to the incident field, which is usually forbidden for the monolayers of TMDC. We fabricate such hybrid metasurfaces by placing plasmonic nanorods on top of a monolayer WS2 and study the valley-exciton locked SHG emission from such system for different parameters, such as wavelength and polarization. Furthermore, we show the potential of the hybrid metasurface for tailoring nonlinear processes by adding additional phase information to the SHG signal using the Pancharatnam-Berry phase effect. This allows direct tailoring of the SHG emission to the far-field.
Phase-coupled simultaneous coherent perfect absorption and controllable hot-electron photodetection in Schottky junction metamaterial
Authors: Bai Qiang
Published: January 2020

We report a new type of coherent perfect absorption that is determined by the phase coupling between metaatoms and is referred to as the phase-coupled simultaneous coherent perfect absorption (PC-SCPA) for antisymmetric and symmetric incidences and especially the PC-SCPA for antisymmetric and symmetric incidences can be simultaneously achieved in the same bi-layered Schottky junction metamaterial possessing the phase coupling. Our proposed mechanism exploits the phase coupling between metaatoms, which is in contrast with the existing mechanism which depends on the near-field coupling. The theory of PC-SCPA is provided using coupled mode theory with the phase coupling. The operating wavelengths of PC-SCPA are insensitive to the variations of the spacing distances between metaatoms in the lateral and vertical directions. An infrared PC-SCPA-based hot-electron photodetection with dynamically switchable operating wavelengths and dynamically tunable bandwidth is theoretically and numerically verified in the same bi-layered Schottky junction metamaterial. The peak of spectrum of responsivity for antisymmetric and symmetric incidences can be switched to the same wavelength only by altering the phase coupling. Our study may build the bridge among the new type of PC-SCPA, metamaterial, and hot electron and may find potential and significant applications in hot-electron photodetection.
Apolipoprotein E: Cholesterol metabolism and Alzheimer’s pathology
Authors: Pohlkamp Theresa
Published: January 2020

Age is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Today, due to an increase in global life expectancy, AD-related deaths are ranked as the sixth most common cause of death. The allele isoform ɛ4 of apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) is the most important genetic risk factor for AD. Three ApoE isoforms are common in humans: ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4. ApoE3 is the most frequent isoform and considered neutral with regards to AD, whereas the isoform ApoE2 is protective. Thus it is important to understand how ApoE isoforms affect amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau toxicity, the key drivers of AD pathology. Aβ and tau accumulate to form the hallmarks of AD, plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. ApoE, primarily expressed by astrocytes, is the major lipid transporter in the brain. In this review I summarize some important historic and scientific aspects of our progress in understanding the role of the cholesterol transporter ApoE in the brain, and how the isoform ApoE4 contributes to AD pathology.
Approach, Avoidance, and the Perception of Credibility
Authors: Ask Karl , Calderon Sofia , Mac Giolla Erik , Reinhard Marc-André
Published: January 2020

Based on a functional approach to credibility judgments, the authors hypothesize that receivers’ judgments of senders’ credibility involve an evaluative dimension (i.e., good–bad) and are associated with approach and avoidance tendencies. In three experiments (total N = 645), participants (receivers) judged the credibility of suspects (senders) denying involvement in a mock theft. While watching or reading the message, receivers performed an approach-related (arm flexion) or an avoidance-related (arm extension) motor action. Although receivers’ affective evaluations of senders (good–bad) correlated strongly with credibility judgments in all three experiments, the results of the arm position manipulation were mixed. In Experiment 1, receivers in an arm flexion (vs. arm extension) state judged the sender as more credible, but only when informed beforehand about the upcoming credibility judgment. In Experiment 2 and 3, however, there was no evidence of an arm position effect on credibility judgments. A cross-experimental meta-analysis revealed that the effect of the manipulation was statistically indistinguishable from zero, Hedges’ g = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.09, 0.22], and provided strong support for the null hypothesis. Multiple interpretations of the results are discussed.
Serum Homocysteine, cystatin C as Biomarkers for Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Xu Weihai , Tang Suhua , Xiang Meijuan , Peng Jianyun
Published: January 2020

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of serological level homocysteine (Hcy) and cystatin C (Cys-C) as biomarkers for progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods Seventy-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) hospitalized in Lishui People’s Hospital from January 2015 to May 2018 were included in the present study. Of the 75 cases, 28 were simple DM, 25 were early stage DN (DNe) and other 22 subjects were clinical stage DN (DNc). The serum level of Hcy and Cys-C were detected and compared among the DM, DNe and DNc groups. The efficacy of serological levels of Hcy, and Cys-C as biomarkers for diagnosis of early stage diabetic nephropathy was calculated.

Results The serological levels of Hcy were 11.53±3.05 μmol/L, 15.39±4.58 μmol/L and 18.14±7.03 μmol/L for DM, DNe and DNc groups respectively (P<0.001). Serum level of Cys-C, were 0.89±0.23 mg/L, 1.51±0.60 mg/L and 2.63±0.90 mg/L respectively for DM, DNe and DNc groups respectively (P<0.001). Significant positive correlation between serum Cys-C and Hcy was detected in DNe (rpearson=0.55, P=0.004) and DNc (rpearson=0.44, P=0.04) groups. However, there was no significant correlation of serological Cys-C and Hcy in DM group (rpearson=0.08, P=0.70). The sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of early stage DN were 76.0 (95%CI:54.87-90.64)%, 64.29 (544.07-81.36)% for serological Hcy and 80.0 (559.30-93.17)%, 89.29 (571.77-97.73)% for serum Cys-C respectively. The diagnostic area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.76 (0.63 to 0.90) and 0.84 (0.72-0.96) respectively for serum Hcy and Cys-C in detection early stage DN.

Conclusion: Serum levels of Hcy and Cys-C in diabetic nephropathy patients were elevated compared to that of simple DM cases, making them potential biomarkers for diagnosis of early DN from DM patients.
An investigation of the effects of osteoporosis, impact intensity and orientation on human femur injuries: a parametric finite element study
Authors: Shahbad Ramin , Mortazavi Mohsen , Alizadeh-Fard Fereshteh , Mohammadi Zeinab , Alavi Fatemeh , Ashtiani Mohammed N.
Published: January 2020

Objective: Femur is the strongest, longest and heaviest bone in the human body. Due to the great importance of femur in human body, its injury may cause large numbers of disabilities and mortality. Considering various effective parameters such as mechanical properties, geometry, loading configuration, etc. can propel the study to the trustable results. Methods: A 3D finite element model of the femur was subjected to different impact loading and orientations and also material properties. In addition to a reference healthy model of analysis, a total of 14 cases including four different loading conditions, six different bone density conditions and four different load orientations were considered. Results: Findings showed that the models with higher bone density cannot considerably reduce the stress under the impact loadings but porous models receive high mechanical stress which the bone prone to injury. The stress and displacement of the bone model received more values distributed through the femoral neck. Conclusion: Porous bone models had greater stress values under an impact load. Higher and faster impacts may create multi-fracture breaks of the femur. The inferior femoral neck regions are the most vulnerable part in response to the impacts.
Structure Property Correlation of In Situ Reinforced Al–based Metal Matrix Composite via Stir Casting
Authors: Gupta Ashish Kumar , Mallik Banshidhar , Roy Debdas
Published: January 2020

Aluminum-based in situ nanocomposites are synthesized by stir casting route. The powder materials used to develop the in situ reinforcement were mechanically milled so as to reduce the powder size in the nanoregime. The as-fabricated nanocomposite aluminum base 20 vol% (Al203 + Fe-aluminide) in situ reinforcement is characterized through X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, yet its mechanical properties were characterized through microhardness, dry sliding wear, and shear punch test. The tormented surface of the wear out and sheared specimen, investigated through FE-SEM of the as-processed composite, elicits improved tribological and shear properties as compared with pure aluminum.
Pre-colonial groups from brazilian coast and sharks: First glimpse on a complex relationship through the case study of the shallow site Rio do Meio, Santa Catarina
Authors: Gilson Simon-Pierre , Lessa Andrea
Published: January 2020

Abstract: The excavation of the coastal shallow site Rio do Meio (500-700 years cal BP, Santa Catarina, Brazil) made available a large faunal collection with a particularly interesting frequency of shark remains.  Considering all the identified faunal fragments, the centra and teeth of sharks participate with 15% of the remains, being the third most important element behind the bones of fish and shells. The high frequency of shark remains led to the questioning of the dietary value of this resource for coastal groups, fishing and processing techniques, as well as issues associated with their interaction with the supply territory. In this sense, the high frequency of Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) in association with shark remains at the Rio do Meio site suggests fishing strategies with non-aleatory choices, which may be related to geographic and environmental conditions, as well as to the interspecies interactions. These reflections provide new elements for discussions on diet and territory exploration for subsistence activities, and their implications in terms of spacial movement by these fisher-hunter-gatherer groups.
 
Resumo: A escavação do sítio raso Rio do Meio (500-700 years cal BP, Santa Catarina, Brasil) disponibilizou uma numerosa coleção faunística com uma frequência particularmente interessante de restos de tubarões. Considerando-se todos os remanescentes faunísticos identificados, as vértebras e dentes de tubarões participam com 15% do total da coleção, sendo o terceiro elemento mais importante, atrás dos ossos de peixes e das conchas. A alta frequência de restos de tubarões observada levou ao questionamento sobre o valor dietético desse recurso para os grupos litorâneos, sobre as técnicas de pesca e de processamento, assim como sobre questões associadas a sua interação com o território de abastecimento. Neste sentido, a alta frequência da corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) em associação com restos de tubarão no sítio Rio do Meio sugere estratégias de pesca com escolhas não-aleatórias, o que pode ser relacionado com condições geográficas e ambientais, assim como com interações interespécies. Essas reflexões fornecem novos elementos para discussões sobre dieta e exploração do território para atividades de subsistência, e suas implicações em termos de movimentação espacial por parte desses grupos pescadores-caçadores-coletores.
Quanto mais peixe, melhor: Sobre a importância da pesca para os Mbyá-Guarani
Authors: Tempass Mártin César
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo resulta de quinze anos de diferentes pesquisas etnográficas realizadas em aldeias Mbyá-Guarani do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo é analisar os aspectos práticos e simbólicos das pescarias e do consumo de peixes para este grupo indígena. Em um primeiro momento, analisaremos a relação da etnia com as águas e a importância atribuída aos peixes para a construção de corpos e almas perfeitos. Depois serão apresentadas as modalidades e técnicas empregadas pelos Mbyá-Guarani na prática pesqueira. Por fim, serão discutidas as regras que tornam sustentáveis as pescarias dos Mbyá-Guarani. 
Abstract: This article is the result of fifteen years of different ethnographic research carried out in Mbyá-Guarani villages in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective is to analyze the practical and symbolic aspects of fisheries and fish consumption for this indigenous group. In a first moment, we will analyze the relation of the ethnicity with the waters and the importance attributed to the fishes for the construction of perfect bodies and souls. Then the modalities and techniques used by the Mbyá-Guarani in fishing practice will be presented. Finally, we will analyze the rules that make sustainable the fisheries of the Mbyá-Guarani.
La pesca y la recolección de moluscos en la costa del Caribe colombiano: Algunos comentarios con base a información etnohistórica y la arqueofauna de cuatro sitios arqueológicos
Authors: Carvajal Contreras Diana Rocio
Published: January 2020

Resumen: Este artículo revisa como la pesca y recolección de moluscos en tiempos precolombinos han contribuido a la subsistencia de las poblaciones del Caribe colombiano. A través de datos etnohistóricos, ambientales y arqueológicos sobre el uso de los recursos acuáticos se sugiere que las poblaciones humanas se han adaptado a distintos ambientes.  Los recursos se obtenían en ambientes cercanos a la costa como manglares, fangos arenosos, playas arenosas de aguas turbias, aguas salobres y ciénagas. No se  registran artefactos asociados a la pesca o recolección de moluscos. Por consiguiente, el uso de arqueofaunas junto con el mejoramiento de las colecciones de referencia  permiten una mejor aproximación a las condiciones ambientales, climáticas y al estudio de la cultura de los grupos humanos que habitaron el Caribe colombiano desde hace 5000 años. 
 
Abstract: This article reviews existing information on the fishing and harvesting of molluscs in Pre-Columbian times in four sites on the Colombian Caribbean. Through ethnohistorical and archaeological data on the use of aquatic resources, it is suggested that human populations have adapted to different environments.  The resources were obtained in environments near the coast such as mangroves, sandy mud, and sandy beaches of murky waters, brackish water and marshes.  There are no artifacts associated with fishing or shellfish collection. Therefore, the use of archeofaunas together with the improvement of reference collections allow a better approximation to the environmental and climatic conditions and to the study of the culture of the human groups that inhabited the Colombian Caribe for 5000 years.
 
Resumo: Este artigo revisões informações existentes sobre a pesca e a colheita de moluscos em épocas pré-colombianos em quatro locais no Caribe colombiano. Através de dados etno-históricos e arqueológicos sobre o uso de recursos aquáticos, sugere-se que as populações humanas se adaptaram a diferentes ambientes. Os recursos foram obtidos em ambientes próximos ao litoral, como manguezais, lama arenosa, praias arenosas com águas turvas, águas salobras e brejos. Não há artefatos associados à pesca ou coleta de moluscos. Portanto, o uso da arqueofauna aliado à melhoria das coleções de referência permite uma melhor aproximação às condições ambientais e climáticas e ao estudo da cultura dos grupos humanos que habitaram o Caribe colombiano por 5000 anos.
Recursos associados à pesca e marisqueo nas sociedades pré-hispânicas do Rio De La Plata, Uruguai.
Authors: Beovide Laura
Published: January 2020

Resumen: Durante la ocupación humana del Holoceno del medio y reciente en la cuenca del río Santa Lucía, tributario del Río de la Plata, se identificaron una serie de asentamientos vinculados con actividades de pesquería y marisqueo.  El presente trabajo expone tanto los recursos arqueoictícolas como arqueomalacológicos que pudieron haber estructurado dichas actividades,  así como los recursos arqueobotánicos, zooarqueológicos y minerales asociados.  En base a lo anterior,  se propone un entorno de la costumbre y social vinculado a la pesca y marisqueo en el pasado, que implicó, entre otras cosas, estrategias de uso reiterado de los recursos y de los espacios costeros considerados. 
Abstract: During human occupation of middle and recently Holocene in Santa Lucía River basin, tributary of Río de la Plata, a series of settlements linked to fishery and shellfishing activities were identified. The present work exposes ichthyoarchaeological and archeomalacological resources that could have structured these activities, as well as the resources archaeobotanical, zooarchaeological and associated minerals. Based on the above, an environment of habit and social linked to fishing and shellfishing in the past is proposed, which involved, among other things, strategies for repeated use of resources and coastal areas considered. 
Resumo: Durante a ocupação humana do Holoceno Médio e recentemente na bacia do rio Santa Lucía, afluente do Rio de la Plata, foi identificada uma série de assentamentos ligados às atividades de pesca e marisco. O presente trabalho expõe tanto a arqueofauna como os recursos arqueomalacológicos que poderiam estruturar essas atividades, bem como os recursos arqueobotânicos, zooarqueológicos e minerais associados. Com base no acima exposto, é proposto um ambiente social e costumeiro ligado à pesca e ao marisco no passado, que envolveu, entre outras coisas, estratégias para o uso repetido dos recursos e áreas costeiras consideradas.
Resenha: Díaz-Andreu, M. Arqueologia: Crítica e humanista. São Paulo: Fonte editorial, 2019.
Authors: Pagoto Bélo Tais
Published: January 2020

A obra “Arqueologia: crítica e humanista” tem como autora a prestigiada professora Margarita Díaz-Andreu, pesquisadora do ICREA, catedrática de Arqueologia da Universidade de Barcelona, além de ter sido professora da Universidade de Durham (1996 – 2011), com várias obras publicadas por editoras conceituadas, como Oxford U. P. e Cambridge U. P. O livro em questão foi elaborado como fruto de sua estadia no Brasil, durante o ano de 2013, com apoio da FAPESP, a convite de Pedro P. A. Funari, professor titular da Unicamp, o qual já almejava sua vinda desde 1999. O livro é resultado das aulas dadas aos alunos da Unicamp, os quais, de forma empolgada e dedicada, decidiram traduzi-las.
Piratýpe: Uma linguagem da pesca e do consumo de peixes entre os Guaraní
Authors: Noelli Francisco Silva
Published: January 2020

Este artigo apresenta a linguagem da pesca, de acordo com os dicionários Tesoro e Vocabulario de la lengua Guaraní, publicados entre 1639 e 1640, pelo missionário jesuíta Antonio Ruiz de Montoya. Destaca-se também um caso de armadilhas de pesca arqueológicas no rio Ivaí, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram selecionadas 335 palavras e frases para algumas descrições e para compor cenários etnográficos. O objetivo é mostrar que a pesca era estruturada por um sistema de conhecimentos ecológicos tradicionais dos Guaraní, com grande persistência de práticas e adaptabilidades em uma vasta região. O léxico apresenta grande potencial para orientar a compreensão das práticas pesqueiras no entorno dos sítios etnográficos e arqueológicos, assim como para contribuir com estudos histórico-comparativos de línguas do tronco Tupí. 
Abstract: This article presents the language of fishing according to the Tesoro and Vocabulario de la lengua Guaraní, published between 1639 and 1640, by the Jesuit missionary Antonio Ruiz de Montoya. The article also highlights archaeological fishing traps in the Ivaí River, Paraná State, Brazil. 335 words and phrases were selected for some descriptions and to compose ethnographic scenarios. The objective is to show that fishing was structured by a system of Guaraní traditional ecological knowledge, with great persistence of practices and adaptability in a vast region. The lexicon has great potential to guide the understanding of fishing practices around ethnographic and archaeological sites, as well as to contribute to historical-comparative studies on languages of the Tupí stock.
Editorial
Authors: Milheira Rafael Guedes
Published: January 2020

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Adição de resíduo cerâmico em concreto: Morfologia e comportamento mecânico
Authors: Mariano Roberta Magalhães , Barcellos Júlia De Souza , De Medeiros André Vital
Published: January 2020

Neste trabalho foi avaliado a influência da adição de resíduos de caco de cerâmica como agregados nas propriedades mecânicas de diferentes traços de concreto de cimento Portland. A adição dos resíduos ocorreu através da substituição do agregado miúdo areia em proporções de 0%, 10%, 20% e 30%. Os corpos-de-prova foram moldados segundo a NBR 7680 e curados por 7 e 28 dias. O desempenho dos traços obtidos foi avaliado através dos ensaios de compressão de corpos-de-prova cilíndricos (NBR 5738), determinação do módulo estático de elasticidade à compressão (NBR 8522) e do tempo de pega (NBR NM 65).  A morfologia dos traços foi observada através de análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Pode ser verificado que o caco de louça aumentou a resistência mecânica do concreto produzido.  Através do tempo de pega foi percebido que o caco promoveu a antecipação do início da pega do cimento, além de apresentar uma alternativa viável e sustentável para o aproveitamento de resíduos industriais produzidos em grande escala.
Entre o letramento em games e a gamificação: as mecânicas em jogo
Authors: Silva Aline Conceição Job da
Published: January 2020

A gamificação, entendida como o uso de mecânicas de jogo em ambientes de não jogo, se coloca, atualmente, como uma solução engajadora para a aprendizagem em diferentes disciplinas e níveis educacionais. Não obstante, ela surgiu como uma iniciativa mercadológica para envolver as pessoas em ciclos de consumo por meio de motivação e recompensas a partir das mecânicas de jogo. Inserida no contexto brasileiro, a transposição da gamificação de contextos culturais educacionais do Norte Global não contempla aspectos particulares locais. Nesse sentido, este texto objetiva debater a ausência ou a capacitação insuficiente em letramento em games por parte de professoras e de professores e, também, algumas questões, possivelmente éticas, da aplicação da gamificação na educação. Para tanto, estabelece-se uma relação entre os conceitos de gamificação e de letramento em games, principalmente a partir das considerações de Gee (2003), Bogost (2014) e Walz e Deterding (2014).
A gamificação e o ensino/aprendizagem de segunda língua: um olhar investigativo sobre o Duolingo
Authors: Corrêa Cláudio Ricardo
Published: January 2020

Este estudo aborda como ocorre o ensino/aprendizagem de segunda língua – por meio da educação online aberta – procurando-se responder se é possível aprender uma língua adicional e “como” isso acontece, tendo como viés o uso de tecnologias digitais e a gamificação do ensino. O objetivo foi alcançado por meio de um estudo qualitativo sobre o curso/aplicativo Duolingo­ – que se propõe a ensinar línguas utilizando características de gamificação. O artigo se baseia em uma pesquisa qualitativa para a qual foram selecionados participantes adultos – falantes nativos de língua portuguesa, que não tiveram instrução formal da língua-alvo –, que fizeram testes de nivelamento comparativos (iniciais e finais), com o propósito de averiguar a aprendizagem. Também foram agregados outros meios digitais de educação aberta, disponíveis para prática, interação, aperfeiçoamento e desenvolvimento de competência linguística.
Vocabulary Acquisition in English as a Foreign Language: Digital Gameplaying The Sims
Authors: Lorenset Caroline Chioquetta , Tumolo Celso Henrique Soufen
Published: January 2020

The use of digital technological resources for educational settings is a quite recent phenomenon (Savi; Ulbricht, 2008). Although recent research emphasizes the importance of integrating technology into the curriculum, its use can only be effective for learning if well integrated in a meaningful way in the classroom (Prensky, 2007; Squire, 2006). This article aims to characterize vocabulary acquisition and the use of the digital game The Sims, and to investigate if and how it can assist vocabulary of English as a foreign language. Data collected involved participants of a public school setting in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. The instruments used were a pre-test, a post-test, a delayed post-test, as well as a narrative writing. Results indicated The Sims as effective for vocabulary acquisition in EFL, since it deals with routine and familiar vocabulary and offers a new virtual life and contextual learning for players.
Fudging the Boundaries between Concept(s) of Race, Class, and Religion
Authors: Haddad Mahmoud
Published: January 2020

For some time in the past century, the issue of racism emphasized color or race. However, it included religion in many cases. This attitude, which has subsided for some time, is making a strong comeback in many countries, foremost among them the United States, the world’s principal superpower. This study comments on the current racial ideas and compares them with ideas of a similar nature that were prevalent in the early twentieth century. It focuses on comparing the thinking of US President Donald Trump today with that of Lothrop Stoddard, known for his interest in the Muslim world, around the time of World War I and immediately after it.
TV Exposure and North Sinai Youth’s Tribal Identity, National Identity, and Risk Perception
Authors: Anter Alyaa
Published: January 2020

Based on social identity theory (SIT) and risk perception theory, this study examines the ways in which North Sinai youth’s tribal and national identities are affected by television (TV) exposure, risk perception, and TV bias perception. The findings from a survey of youth in North Sinai demonstrate a significant relationship between exposure to Egyptian TV and tribal identity. Moreover, TV bias perception predicts youth’s tribal identity and risk perception. The study concludes that TV exposure does not affect Sinai youth’s national identity and risk perception, but increases tribal identity.
Mobilization of Moroccan Women
Authors: Zeinaldin Al Habib Estati , Chekak Saeed
Published: January 2020

This article draws on the experience gained and the lessons learned during and after the Arab Spring protest movements that called for economic, social, and political change. It raises the issue of the role Moroccan women played in these movements. In attempting to address this issue, the article relies essentially on bibliographical information and data derived from studies and writings that dealt with the feminist struggle in Morocco as a whole. It suffers from the lack of openness to a sociological approach or a political viewpoint in Arab and foreign scientific productions concerned with the struggles of women in Arab or Maghreb countries. In parallel, the study uses ethnographic research discerningly, since accurate and sufficient information available on the local protest movements has not received the necessary follow-up and definition. The article first monitors the shift in the dynamics of women’s protests and focuses on the persistent manifestations within them; it also considers the motives that contribute to the growth of this dynamic while stressing the extent of women’s participation in the February 20 Movement and in rural areas. It then identifies the results and extensions of this participation in relation to the requirements of empowerment. Finally, it discusses the problem of development and democracy that prevent women from achieving the desired change in the short term.
Schutz der Anteilseigner vor Verwässerung
Authors: Goodfellow Christiane , Schneider Matthias
Published: January 2020

Wenn eine Aktiengesellschaft neue Aktien begibt, ist es eine Selbstverständlichkeit, dass Altaktionäre mit Bezugsrechten davor geschützt werden, dass ihr Anteil am Unternehmen durch die höhere Aktienanzahl abnimmt („verwässert“ wird). Gleichermaßen können Handelskosten, die durch Transaktionen eines einzelnen Anlegers verursacht werden, die Anteile anderer Anleger an einem Investment Fonds verwässern. Schutz davor bietet das Swing-Pricing-Verfahren.
A POTENTIAL OF BAITUL MAL WA TAMWIL (BMT) IN DEVELOPING THE BORDER AREA OF INDONESIA - MALAYSIA
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Iqbal , Akbar Nashr
Published: January 2020

Indonesia border area (West Kalimantan, Sambas) - Malaysia (Sarawak) is a potential area. Strategic location and direct borders with other countries such as Malaysia make this area easy to interact economically with neighboring countries, either in the form of Asean Economic Community (MEA) or Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Philippines - East Asian Growth Area (BIMP - EAGA). But the reality is there are still socio-political and economic disparities. An unanticipated social and economic gap will interfere and affect the pattern of national development strategies, and affect national interests. Therefore, the border area of ​​Indonesia (West Kalimantan, Sambas) - Malaysia (Sarawak) should be built and developed in order to eliminate the gaps that occur. This research tries to know the potential of Baitul Mal wa Tamwil (BMT) in developing border area of ​​Indonesia - Malaysia by prioritizing welfare approach. The decision framework is structured using the ANP approach of the Benefit Opportunity Cost Risk (BOCR) network. All BOCR elements are reviewed from a community perspective and obtained through in-depth interviews with experts (academics), regulators, and practitioners. The results of this study conclude that the benefits and opportunities aspects have significantly more weight than the load and risk aspects. Alternative strategies are also proposed in this study to maximize benefits and opportunities and minimize costs and risks. An alternative strategy considered to be the first priority to be implemented according to respondents is the capital of third parties. Keywords: ANP-BOCR, BMT, Border Area
TAX INCENTIVES FOR INDONESIAN PHILANTHROPY: THE BALANCE OF EFFECTIVENESS OF PULL FACTOR AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE
Authors: Rosdiana Haula , Murwendah Murwendah , Inayati Inayati
Published: January 2020

Philanthropy is not merely a fund-raising activity. It means an activity that has strong relation with social activity. Philanthropy is significant to consider in building public participation in governance or at least in helping the government’s role to implement the allocation function related to social welfare. In Indonesia, tax incentives for philanthropy are categorized into two, namely tax exemption and tax deduction. Tax exemption applies to donations or income derived from non-profit organizations, while tax deduction applies to the donor or philanthropists, both individuals and companies. In addition, there are incentives for property taxes and tax on motor vehicles provided by the provincial/ local government. In practice, philanthropy still leaves tax-related issues that must be shouldered by donors, recipients, and donation collectors. This issue is crucial because it has the potential to reduce the attractiveness of tax incentives to encourage people to engage in philanthropy activities in Indonesia.   This study aims to evaluate the tax policy on philanthropy in Indonesia. This study applied constructivism paradigm. The data are collected through documentation, literature review, and field studies through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The data are analyzed using mixed approach. The findings of this study indicate that the lack of dynamics in current tax policy is not in harmony with the rapid development of increasingly varied philanthropic activities. Therefore, the donors and recipients face uncertainty related to taxation on philanthropy including tax treatment and tax incentives that can be obtained from the government. Applicable tax policies have not been able to provide incentives for various types of taxes but Income Tax in the form of tax deduction and tax exemption. Unfortunately, this type of incentive is relatively unappealing to philanthropic activists. In other words, the policy of tax incentives on philanthropy activities has not been a pull factor for the community to be more actively involved in philanthropy activities.  Furthermore, the issues associated with tax administration are still found in its implementation. Regulatory improvement is necessary, including accommodation of incentives for all types of taxes on philanthropy in Indonesia, as an appreciation for citizens who have strengthened the government's role in the prosperity of society.
State-of-the-Art Renal Imaging in Children
Authors: Viteri Bernarda , Calle-Toro Juan S. , Furth Susan , Darge Kassa , Hartung Erum A. , Otero Hansel
Published: January 2020

Imaging modalities for diagnosing kidney and urinary tract disorders in children have developed rapidly over the last decade largely because of advancement of modern technology. General pediatricians and neonatologists are often the front line in detecting renal anomalies. There is a lack of knowledge of the applicability, indications, and nephrotoxic risks of novel renal imaging modalities. Here we describe the clinical impact of congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract and describe pediatric-specific renal imaging techniques by providing a practical guideline for the diagnosis of kidney and urinary tract disorders.
Month of the year effect in the cryptocurrency market and portfolio management
Authors: Plastun Alex , Drofa Anna Oleksandrivna , Klyushnik Tetyana Viktorivna
Published: January 2020

Purpose – to investigate the Month of the year effect in the cryptocurrency market.
Design/Method/Research Approach. A number of parametric and non-parametric technics are used, including average analysis, Student's t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis statistic test, and regression analysis with the use of dummy variables.
Findings. In general (case of overall testing – when all data is analyzed at once) calendar the Month of the Year Effect is not present in the cryptocurrency market. But results of separate testing (data from the period “suspicious for being anomaly” with all the rest of the data, except the values which belong to the “anomaly data set”) shows that July and August returns are much lower than returns on other months. These are the worst months to buy Bitcoins.
Theoretical implications. Results of this paper claim to find some holes in the efficiency of the cryptocurrency market, which can be exploited. This contradicts the Efficient Market Hypothesis.
Practical implications. Results of this paper claim to find some holes in the efficiency of the cryptocurrency market, which can be exploited. This provides opportunities for effective portfolio management in the cryptocurrency market.
Originality/Value. This paper is the first to explore Month of the Year Effect in the cryptocurrency market.
 
Paper type – empirical.
 
Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (0117U003936).
Deutsche und ihre jüdischen Nachbarn auf den ukrainischen Gebieten in der zweiten Hälfte des XIX. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Myeshkov Dmitriy
Published: January 2020

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with.

The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries.

Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.
Организация питания волынских немцев-колонистов во время депортации зимой 1915–1916 гг.
Authors: Костюк Михаил Петрович
Published: January 2020

The organization of the catering process for deported German colonists from Volyn  province (in winter 1915–1916) is analyzed. It is done according to the reports by agents-escorts who accompanied the trains during their way from departure place to the very destination.

Catering service was one of the agents-conductors` duties. Archival sources indicate that there were three main sources of getting food during the rout: 1) food centers at railway stations; 2) food which were being received by agents-conductors at food centers or purchased by them at various retail outlets. The last was financed by “Jugobezhenets” (“South Refugee”) funds; 3) food that had been taken by the colonists themselves for the travel.

Feeding centers were the main source of hot meal for the colonists. Often, they got dry rations there. The conductors also received the particularly amount food for a certain part of the route at those places.

The way of receiving food at feeding centers, as well as the rule of spending the money for the purchase of food by the agents, were determined by the special instructions that had been worked out by “South Refugee” in order to prevent hunger strikes among the evicted.

In most cases, the quality of food prepared at feeding centers was satisfactory. The most negative features in the work of agents were as follows: absence or little amount of food, small size of portions and its poor quality. The lack of food for children, who amounted to almost half of all the deported, was particularly strong.

A small part of the colonists had some dry food having taken by them to the way. However, those supplies, as well as the food purchased by agents-guides, could not significantly affect the critical situations with catering process which occurred periodically. Feeding centers played a decisive role in maintaining of the vitality and health of all deported Volyn colonists. They became the main factor that prevented mass starvation, spreading of gastrointestinal diseases and the sanitary-hygienic situation complication among the Germans.
«Неличная история»: меннонитская община Александровска в переломный год Украинской революции
Authors: Венгер Наталья Викторовна
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the history of Alexandrovsk city`s Mennonite community in 1919, to show the conditions and ways of personal and community`s strategies of survival. The diary of the Mennonite entrepreneur A. Dick was the main source for the consideration about the problem. Living in the outskirts of the Russian Empire, A. Dick and other residents of Alexandrovsk felt the revolution not as a changing of power, but rather as anarchy. 1919 was a point of no return in the history of the revolution. For the local Germans the years of Anti-German Legislation (1914–1917) were transformed into the collapse of the post-war years. The anti-German policy of the tsarist government influenced the attitude towards the communities that next governments and political forces demonstrated during the Ukrainian Revolution. The congregations had to act in given circumstances. Traditionally aggressive Mennonite ethos had to be changed according to the new survival strategies. The political culture of the communities, that had had a dialogical nature, was used to communicate with the political regimes of first half of 1919. The communities intended to interact with the Bolsheviks making illusion of congregation’s loyal attitude towards their power. Since anarchist N. Machno regarded the local Germans as a class and military enemy, the Mennonites kept tactics of self-elimination from the public sphere. The Mennonites followed the tradition of an active congregational life that was a source of emotional hypercompensation for them. Biological survival was the first priority aim. Individual emigration became a more reliable way of self-preservation than community forms of salvation that had been traditional for the Mennonite. The influence of the left radical ideology led to the breakdown of the congregation members` traditional identity. New form of sub-identity was forming. A. Dick`s diary proves that during the revolutionary years the Mennonite community of Alexandrovsk passed the way from leadership to outsider position. Scholarly significance: can be used for the researches on the problems of interethnic relations in the conditions of the Ukrainian revolution, history of the Mennonite communities in Ukraine. Novelty: a new source has been introduced and its general characteristic has been presented.
Annotated list of tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) in Calanasan, Apayao Province, Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Medina Milton Norman D. , Cabras Analyn D. , Ibanez Jayson , Opiso Guiller , Villanueva Reagan Joseph T.
Published: January 2020

The forests of Apayao Province are one of the remaining and relatively unexplored areas in the Philippines. With the aim to make Calanasan in Apayao province a UNESCO biosphere reserve as a mechanism in protecting its species, an expedition to document the biodiversity was conducted. This paper presents an annotated list of the 12 species of tiger beetles found in Calanasan. The beetles were mostly collected through opportunistic sampling. In Calanasan, 75% of the tiger beetle species collected are endemic, which shows the high value in preserving this area. Thus, the nomination of Calanasan as a UNESCO biosphere reserve is highly recommended.
Klonska raznolikost i antifungalna osjetljivost vrste Candida spp. izolirane iz mlijeka
Authors: Hizlisoy Harun , Ertas Onmaz Nurhan , Al Serhat , Karadal Fulden , Yildirim Yeliz , Gonulalan Zafer , Gumussoy K. Semih , Aydemir Gonca Demir , Kasap Tekinsen Filiz , Dinc Gokcen
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was the isolation, identification, phylogenetic analysis and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. from milk samples
of healthy and mastitic cows in Kayseri/Turkey. Milk samples from 300 cows were found to be negative/positive for mastitis with the California
Mastitis Test. Candida spp. was isolated by using the Brillance Candida
Agar Base. Phenotypic tests, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF), and VITEK-2 analyses were applied to confirm the obtained isolates. Resistance to flucytosine, fluconazole and caspofungin antifungals of the isolates were determined by Etest and VITEK-2. The genetic homologies of Candida spp. isolates were determined by Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR (RepPCR). In this study 62 (from 53 healthy, 9 mastitic) yeast isolates were obtained
and 37 (59.6 %) were identified as non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. Phenotypic tests revealed that out of 62 isolates, 29 (46.7 %), 4 (6.5 %), 3 (4.8 %), 1 (1.6 %) and, 24 (38.7 %) were identified as Candida lusitaniae, Candida catenulate, Candida tropicalis, Candida silvicola and other yeast species, respectively. Only one sample (1.6 %) was identified as Candida albicans by MALDI-TOF however, according to VITEK-2, the agent was not confirmed as C. albicans. According to antifungal susceptibility testing by VITEK-2, one (2.7 %) of the isolates was resistant to fluconazole, one (2.7 %) was resistant to caspofungin, and 4 (10.8 %) were resistant to flucytosine. However, using E test, 10 isolates (27 %) were resistant to flucytosine. Using Rep-PCR, eight genotypic clones were observed. Genotype F (13.8 %) and G
(13.8 %; 2 subtypes) were common clones in this study. In conclusion, NAC species were detected in healthy and mastitic cow milk samples. Epidemiological studies need to be conducted to track effectively the main source and to understand the diversity and distribution of the agent. It is necessary to consider the potential risks of yeast contamination in milk for public health. It is essential to focus on adequate sanitation procedures and storage conditions of milk.
The effect of storage on the yogurt fatty acid profile
Authors: Paszczyk Beata , Łuczyńska Joanna , Polak-Śliwińska Magdalena
Published: January 2020

The presented study analysed whether refrigerated storage time affects the fatty acid profile, the content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans isomers of C18:1 and C18:2 acids in yogurts made from goat, sheep and cow milk. On the 21st day of storage, significant decreases (P<0.05) in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were observed in in yogurts made from cow milk. In yogurts made from sheep and goat milk, the content of these acids fluctuated during storage. The CLA isomer in fresh yogurts ranged from 3.58 mg g-1 fat in yogurts made from sheep milk to 4.47 mg g-1 fat in yogurts made of cow milk. During storage the content of CLA significantly decreased in cow milk yogurts and significantly increased in goat milk yogurts (P<0.05), while it remained more or less unchanged throughout the entire storage period in sheep milk yogurts.