bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Demographic Determinants of U.S. Population Mobility: 1940-80
Authors: White Michael J. , Mueser Peter R.
Published: March 2021

As a rule of thumb. about one-fifth of all Americans change residence in a given year, and over the course of five years, about half of all persons change residence. While this generalization has remained roughly true over the last few decades, there have been appreciable shifts in the relative distribution among types of moves. Taking an integrated approach. we examine the choice to move locally, to migrate within a state, or to migrate between states over the period 1940-80. Using a multinomial logit model and U.S. census microdata, we test for the presence of changes in the determinants of residential mobility and migration and contrast such effects with the influence of shifting population composition. We demonstrate that the effects of age and education differ, sometimes appreciably, by type of mobility. There has been little change in the impacts of demographic characteristics on the propensities to make particular types of moves. Instead, we find that the increasing share of longer distance movement has been due to secular changes, most likely traced to improvements in transportation and communication, and a favorable shift in population composition, especially increased educational attainment. The association of demographic characteristics with intercounty and interstate change of residence has remained stable.
Producer Services, Productivity, and Metropolitan Income
Authors: Hansen Niles
Published: March 2021

It is frequently argued that significant productivity increases require a strong and expanding manufacturing sector, and that the rapid growth of the services sector has been a drag on productivity. It is argued here that in an increasingly information-oriented economy, producer services-whether performed within manufacturing firms or by independent, specialized enterprises-play a pivotal role in expanding the division of labor, which in turn generates greater productivity and increasing incomes. The study utilizes data from the 1987 economic censuses. The results confirm and reinforce earlier evidence that the density of metropolitan producer services has a highly significant and positive association with per capita metropolitan income (as well as per capita metropolitan earnings), even when the relationship is controlled for level of education and for metropolitan population size, each of which also makes a positive and significant contribution.
Farm Structure and Community Viability in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Stabler Jack C. , Olfert M.R.
Published: March 2021

The way in which the economic base of regional economies influences the viability of the communities that serve them has been a subject of inquiry for several decades. Many previous studies have been static in nature, thereby failing to capture the influence of changes in the base through time. Others, conducted over a period of years, have included only one (or a few) independent variables and have, consequently, provided a very selective view of the relationship. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the viability of 598 communities distributed among three agricultural economic regions in Saskatchewan over a 30-year period. A total of37 variables describes each community at three points in time during the period studied. A distinct positive association is observed between agricultural diversification, smaller farms, higher population density, and community viability. Conversely, a higher incidence of decline is associated with lack of diversification, larger farms, and lower population density.
National and Regional Persistence of High Performance Agricultural Banks in the 1980s
Authors: Duncan Douglas G. , Wallace George B.
Published: March 2021

The decline of the agriculture sector in the mid-1980s was concurrent with the increase of bank failures. Performance of banks specializing in agricultural lending mirrored sector performance. However, a subgroup of banks continued to lend to agriculture and maintained superior performance over the entire decade. Characteristics of these high performance banks and their lower performing coumterparts are compared annually at both the National and United States Department of Agriculture Cropping Region level to identify factors leading to superior performance. Ratio analysis is performed using the criteria of solvency, profitability, liquidity, and efficiency. Selected ratios are employed in a logit model for classifying banks according to high or nonhigh performance. Model results were strong at the national level but weaker at the regional level possibly because of differences in agricultural production patterns and state banking laws. High-performance banks controlled costs, made less risky loans, and employed resources more efficiently.
The Role of Nonmetropolitan Economic Performance in Rising Per Capita Income Differences Among the States
Authors: Redman John M. , Rowley Thomas D. , Angle John
Published: March 2021

This paper examines two phenomena of the 1980s-the rapid divergence of state per capita incomes and the generally weak performance of the rural economy-to see if and how the two are related. First, states most responsible for income divergence are identified, and several popular notions regarding the sources of growing inequality are tested. Next, the importance of relative metro/nonmetro performance to divergence is examined. A central finding is that the 1980s ended with an acute income imbalance between richer, primarily Atlantic Coast states with largely urban populations and poorer, mostly central or southeastern states, which are heavily nonmetropolitan. The nonmetro economies of these poorer states exhibited much greater structural weakness during the 1980s than did their metro counterparts. Barring a substantial decline in per capita income among the richer states, significant reduction of interstate inequality will thus require particularly strong improvement of nonmetro performance within the poorer, heavily rural states.
The Interindustry Distribution of Effective Tax Rates for a State Corporate Income Tax
Authors: Newman Robert J. , Turnbull Geoffrey K.
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the extent to which a single state tax imposes differential burdens across industries. We provide quantitative estimates of the intrastate interindustry distribution of effective rates for the corporate income tax. In addition, we are able to remove that part of the interindustry variation introduced by formula apportionment, the method used by most states to calculate the portion of multi-state firms’ incomes to be taxed as income earned in-state. The remaining interindustry variation reflects state over and under-taxation induced by preferential state tax credits and the differences between state and federal progressivity.
Why Do Interstate Consumption Patterns Differ?
Authors: Kirk Robert
Published: March 2021

The credibility that can be attached to information produced by regional analysts (i.e., export base and input-output multipliers), depends, in part, on the reasonableness of underlying assumptions. One of the assumptions is the uniformity of consumption patterns. Are consumption patterns uniform? The degree of spatial variation in consumption patterns in 1982 and 1987 at the state level is measured. An OLS regression model is specified to identify determinants of interstate variation in consumption. The empirical results indicate that in addition to variation in disposable income per capita, the age distribution of the population and tax effort are important determinants. Implications for state and local tax policy and economic development strategies are considered.
The Effect of Residential Location on the Probability of Black and White Teenagers Having a Job
Authors: Ihlanfeldt Keith R. , Sjoquist David L.
Published: March 2021

The evidence presented here suggests that residential location has a strong impact on both white and black youth job probability. These results were obtained by estimating a multinomial logit model, which recognizes the joint endogeneity of employment and school enrollment, with data from the Chicago metropolitan area. Furthermore, according to our results, at a minimum, about a fifth of the black/white employment rate differential among Chicago’s youth can be attributed to residential segregation.
Economic Development as an Empirical Concept
Authors: Rasmussen David W.
Published: March 2021

Economic development must be the most abused term in social science. It is used to mean many different things; it describes both a state and a myriad of processes. Development is a state to be achieved since developed countries have a per capita income in excess of $1500; lesser developed counties do not. Development is also widely viewed as a process. Many scholars have emphasized that development is distinct from the concept of growth, but careful usage of these terms is not common practice. Flammang (1979) reports nine different ways of distinguishing between growth and development, one of which is not bothering to define either term. In this paper we explore a positive definition of development that has empirical content. Obviously we cannot measure development per se since it involves a host of institutional changes, demographic shifts, technical change, and changes in international economic relations that are too varied and heterogeneous to measure in a simple way. But we can observe whether development has occurred by investigating long term changes in aggregate measures of economic performance and the distribution of income.
The Electronics Industry in Southern California: Growth and Spatial Development From 1945 To 1989
Authors: Scott Allen J. , Drayse Mark H.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we provide a broad empirical description of the growth and locational structure of the electronics industry in Southern California. The paper is a companion piece to a recent study of the aircraft and parts industry in the same region (Scott and Mattingly, 1989). Together, these two papers provide an empirical foundation for further investigations of the growth of high technology industry in Southern California. This growth has been especially stimulated by federal spending for defense purposes. The defense-oriented manufacturing complex that has evolved in the region in the post-War decades is locationally organized within a series of specialized industrial districts (or technopoles) scattered across the entire landscape. Within these technopoles we typically find bifurcated local labor markets and intense local interlinkage of individual manufacturing establishments forming a transactions-intensive system of production.
Preliminary Estimates of Gross State Product
Authors: Schmidt James R. , Loseke Scott A.
Published: March 2021

During the past two decades, gross state product (GSP) has become a major indicator of state economic activity. GSP has great conceptual appeal with its definition being “the gross market value of the goods and services attributable to labor and property located in a state”, (Renshaw, et.al., 1988, p. 30). Until the late 1980s, GSP was not an official indicator released by a government agency. Rather, it was constructed by approximation techniques traceable to the work of Kendrick and Jaycox (1965). Since there was no official standard of computation, analysts were on their own to compute GSP accounts for their locale as they saw fit. The method proposed here for creating preliminary GSP estimates uses predictions from single equation models that relate official GSP estimates to either the synthetic GSP estimates of the corresponding industry or to selected components of the synthetic GSP estimates. Four prediction models for official GSP will be examined, one pertaining to current dollar GSP and the remaining three pertaining to constant dollar GSP. This division of attention between current and constant dollar magnitudes is made to allow for the uncertain future of reporting lags in industry GDP and deflator data.
An Inquiry into the Causes of Increasing Regional Income Inequality in the United States
Authors: Amos, Jr. Orley M.
Published: March 2021

This paper explores alternative theoretical explanations of empirical evidence of increasing regional income inequality in the United States since the mid-1970s. Analysis indicates that conventional regional growth theories, including the neoclassical, export base, cumulative causation, and growth pole theories, explain increasing regional inequality by resorting to exogenous forces. Although each of the theories contains key relationships that provide a partial explanation of unbalanced growth and regional inequality, none of them is complete. The theory of long waves, long used in the study of economic cycles, then is examined. Key relationships contained in each of the regional growth theories are synthesized with the long wave explanation to generate a more complete theory of unbalanced regional growth and an endogenous explanation of increasing regional inequality.
Mutual Relations among Firms, Local Labor Markets and Consumers in an Economy of Shortages: The Case of Poland
Authors: Frackowiak Waldemar
Published: March 2021

This paper is addressed to the performance of an economy of shortages under current conditions. It is concerned with only a certain aspect of this type of economy, namely the mutual relations among firms,local labor markets, job-takers and consumers. Although the paper describes the case of Poland, certain more general observations are applicable to other European socialist countries. The paper is concerned with two questions. First, it indicates some institutions and factors that affect the level of the price of labor in an economy of shortages, and compares these to a capitalistic, market oriented economy. Second, some suggestions are made to policy makers regarding changes that would improve the relations considered.
The Effects of Regional Land Use Control in Oregon: A Theoretical and Empirical Review
Authors: Knaap Gerrit J. , Nelson Arthur C
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the impact of state government in the Oregon land use program. For several reasons the State of Oregon offers an ideal setting for examining the impact of state participation in land use regulation. First, Oregon is a pioneer in statewide land use regulation. The Oregon land use statutes were enacted in 1973, long enough ago to have had measurable impacts. Second, the Oregon land use program requires both state and local participation in land use regulation. In 1974 the Oregon State Land Conservation and Development Commission (LCDC), a governor-appointed commission, adopted 19 statewide land use goals and guidelines. Subsequently, every local government had to construct comprehensive land use plans in conformance with these goals and guidelines or suffer stiff non-compliance penalties and/or state preemption of land use authority. Compliance with the goals and guidelines is determined through an acknowledgement process by the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD), the administrative arm of the LCDC. All of the comprehensive plans of the 246 local governments have now been acknowledged by the DLCD. As a result, the Oregon land use program contains a mix of state and local land use controls. Third, the Oregon land use program has been the subject of considerable theoretical and empirical research. This research offers insights into the impacts of state participation in land use regulation.
Determinants of Differences in Regional Cyclical Variability
Authors: Norrbin Stefan C.
Published: March 2021

In this paper the problem is approached somewhat differently, in an attempt to test the difference in regional cycles directly. This approach permits testing whether specific characteristics inherent in a regional economy lead to higher or lower regional cyclical variability than in other regions. If such characteristics exist, states with higher or lower than average natural regional cyclical variability could be identified. To be able to test directly some of the explanations for differences in magnitudes of business cycle variations between regions, the variance of the cyclical component of employment in each region is calculated. These estimates of regional cyclical variability can be used to test the theories of regional business cycles in a cross-sectional OLS approach. The following section explains the hypothesis developed earlier by several authors but not yet tested. In section III the model used to estimate the cyclical variability is presented. In section IV the results are presented, and some conclusions and a brief discussion of the relevance of the findings are provided in section V.
Input/Market Linkages and Organizational Structure: An Empirical Study
Authors: Mulkey David , Hagey Ellen
Published: March 2021

From the standpoint of economic development food processing may offer an alternative to many areas not meeting the skilled labor requirements of high-technology industry, and it is increasingly mentioned as a development strategy as many communities seek “value added” industries in the agricultural sector. This study focuses on food processing firms located in the three state area of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida and is designed to measure the relationship between the organizational characteristics of a firm and the type of input/market linkages formed by the firm.
The Region: Place or Process?
Authors: Ashby Lowell D.
Published: March 2021

Some geographers have been criticized for being too process oriented and wandering into the limbo of regional science. At the same time some economists have been criticized for not being sufficiently process oriented and wandering into that same limbo. To the economist, of course, the process is the market process. And to many an economist there is no social ill of any kind that cannot best be managed by the market process.
Real Economic Development in the South: The Implications of Regional Cost of Living Differences
Authors: Fournier Gary M. , Rasmussen David W.
Published: March 2021

When attempting to assess relative economic development among regions, it is essential to recognize first that the costs of goods and services, and hence the purchasing power of income, vary substantially among localities. In this paper we present estimates of cost of living for the 48 contiguous states and use them to adjust relative measures of economic development for individual states and the four major regions.
A Dynamic Input-Output Model for Small Regions
Authors: Johnson Thomas G.
Published: March 2021

This paper develops a conceptual foundation for temporal input-output, reviews the experiences in the area and looks at its potential, particularly for small region modeling. Finally, a particular dynamic input-output model is described and examined in light of this conceptual foundation.
Recession and Recovery: A State and Regional Analysis
Authors: Connaughton John E. , Madsen Ronald A.
Published: March 2021

The 1981-1982 recession was the most serious downturn for the United States economy since the 1930s. The strength of the recovery and expansion following the recession has also varied from state to state. The purpose of this paper is first, to measure the relative severity of the recession for each state and second, to determine the strength of the ensuing recovery and expansion for each state.
Forecasting Municipal Waste Treatment Effluent and Costs: An Application to the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: McConnell Virginia D. , Cumberland John H. , Gordon Patrice
Published: March 2021

The treatment of pollution at wastewater treatment facilities is an issue of growing concern for the health of large estuaries. In the model presented here, we develop a way of forecasting future effluent levels for publicly owned waste treatment works from residential sources under a variety of possible development and treatment scenarios for river basins of the Chesapeake Bay. The model also allows us to compare the average costs of removal of several pollutants for the various basins.
The Southern Contribution to Regional Science
Authors: Hite James C.
Published: March 2021

This paper reviews the development of regional analysis in the South in the pre-regional science era. It then examines the influence of that work on the early literature of regional science. An examination of the nature of Southern regional science in the past 25 years is included.
A Theory of Migration Flows: U.S. Immigration from Mexico
Authors: Graves Philip E. , Knapp Thomas A.
Published: March 2021

The existence of the U.S.-Mexico border clearly interrupts the equilibrating forces regardless of their nature. Yet it will be seen in this article that recognition of the existence of equilibrating tendencies, even in the international setting, provides useful insights into the migration phenomenon. Existing and future work will be seen to be far easier to understand and interpret.
Unemployment, Labour Force Participation, and Urbanization in the Caribbean
Authors: Hope Kempe Ronald
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the primary issues related to unemployment and labor force participation within the context of urbanization in four Caribbean countries-Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago.
Structural Change in Regional Labor Markets: The Australian Experience of the Seventies
Authors: Maxwell Philip , Wilson Mark
Published: March 2021

A major purpose of this study is to review the ways in which regional and national factors influenced the structural change which occurred in regional labor markets in Australia during the seventies. Before embarking on any empirical analysis, it is important to consider the regional nature of the structural change process and to relate this to Australia’s substate regional structure.
In-Migration and Changing Southern Political Orientations
Authors: Freymeyer Robert H.
Published: March 2021

In addition to considering differences between in-migrants and natives, comparisons are made between migrant Republicans, migrant Decmorats, native Republicans, and native Democrats to examine the impact of party affiliation and migrant status. The examination assumes that Republicans and Democrats from the non-South may differ from the Southerners in each respective party. In this manner a more complete understanding of migration’s influence on Southern politics is gained.
Relocation Consideration by Central City Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Erickson Rodney A. , Wasylenko Michael J.
Published: March 2021

This paper considers issues related to firm relocation decisions using a set of survey responses from non-mover industrial establishments in Milwaukee. The empirical analysis uses probit analysis to test for signfiicant differences in the characteristics of establishments and their surroundings between those non-movers which seriously considered relocation to another part of the city and those that did not. The answers to this analysis will be useful to better evaluate and target public policies for central city economic development.
Convergence and Differentials in State Investment Patterns
Authors: Kirk Robert
Published: March 2021

One issue that has confronted regional analysists is whether regional growth patterns are equilibrating or disequilibrating. This paper focuses on the equilibrium-disequilibrium issue by examining differentials in state manufacturing investment patterns. Two questions about these differentials were asked. Have state capital-labor ratios converged or diverged? What are the determinants of interstate differentials in manufacturing investment.
Optimum Location and the Theory of Production: A Comparative Static Approach
Authors: Khalili Amir , Mirakhor Abbas
Published: March 2021

Location theory of the firm in a simple context was pioneered by Weber, whose analysis involved a firm with fixed coefficient technology attempting to determine the profit maximizing location with respect to input sources and market location. This paper uses methods presented by Khalili et al. It is a comparative static analysis of the location problem of a profit maximizing firm in which the effect of several changes in the exogenous variables on the location decision of the firm with and without prior locational constraint are determined. Specifically, it formulates a profit maximization location problem and analyzes the effect of changes in output price, output transport rates, and input prices on the location decision with and without prior constraint on the location distance from the market.
The Impact of Entry at a Distance on Market Demand
Authors: Benson Bruce L.
Published: March 2021

A number of recent papers have noted that the pricing implications of commonly used models of spatial competition are “counterintuitive” and therefore “perverse.” It turns out that the intuitive expectations of these writers were based on an incorrect presumption - that spatial competition should duplicate the results of spaceless compettion. However, the introduction of costly distance causes adjustments which we do not orginarily consider in spaceless competition.
Time Series Evidence on the Structure of Interindustry Relationships
Authors: Girratani Frank , McNelis P.D.
Published: March 2021

The identification of industrial groups through data on interindustry relations is widely thought to yield information of potential value in efforts to address problems of regional economic stagnation. The application of this information in matters of economic pohcy presupposes the existence of instruments by which the activity of groups so identified may be influenced. It also presupposes that the information gained by the apphcation of analytical techniques to cross-section data permits insight on the nature of relations between industries over time. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate that statistical examination of time series data on industrial activity can permit a fuller appreciation of the nature of significance of interindustry relations.
Accomodation Taxes in the Local Finance Structure: A South Carolina-Based Evaluation
Authors: Ulbrich Holley H.
Published: March 2021

In a search for solutions to a growing revenue-expenditure imbalance in some counties and munieipalities, the South Carolina General Assembly has been considering several options. One possibility is a local option accommodations tax. Although such a tax is in effect in twenty-four states and the District of Columbia, there exists virtually no literature on the subject of specific excise taxes, to which class the proposed tax belongs. This paper attempts to fill this gap with an analysis of the accommodation tax in the South Carolina context.
Possibilities and Challenges of Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Isingo Fredrick , Mafole Prosper , Abdalla Abdi
Published: March 2021

This paper presents investigation on the possibilities and challenges of harvesting ambient Radio Frequency Energy (RFE) at Dar es Salaam region in Tanzania. The Radio Frequency (RF) signals were measured using a Rohde and Schwarz FSC 3 spectrum analyzer observing available frequencies with their respective power. Among several RF signals received, the most powerful signals observed were; 800 MHz, 950 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2400 MHz, having average signal strengths of about -30.29 dBm, -35.94 dBm, -42.90 dBm and -30.42 dBm respectively. The power possessed within these frequencies were suitable to be harvested due to their signal strengths, an overall power average of -34.89dBm was obtained and a multi narrowband harvester was designed and simulated using real-time values on Keysight’s Advanced Design System (ADS) 2019. The simulation results confirm a promising possibility of harvesting RF energy to power ultra-low-power devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) and beyond.
Analysis of Performance Characteristics Predicted From Several Experimental Data and Conversion Methods for Pumps as Turbine Application Using Statistical Techniques
Authors: Mdee Ombeni , Kimambo Cuthbert , Nielsen Torbjorn , Kihedu Joseph
Published: March 2021

Different performance characteristics have been indicated when running centrifugal pumps in the reverse direction. The water flows from the discharge side of the pump to the suction side to run in the reverse direction and generate the mechanical rotational energy for the micro-hydropower plant. The current study evaluates the extent of variation of performance characteristics predicted by several experimental data from different pump-specific speeds and conversion methods. The performance characteristics discussed include the head, flow rate, efficiency and specific speed. The flow rate and head of a pump operating in pump mode divided with the characteristic of the pump operating in the reverse mode, at the best efficiency point, the resulting coefficient of determination (R 2 ) values were of 0.890 and 0.708, respectively. Also, the graph of head versus flow rate coefficients, which is a second- order polynomial function, has shown the value of R 2 of 0.954 for pump-specific speed ranging between 9 and 94 rpm. However, the pump in the reverse mode has smaller performance characteristics for efficiency and specific speed compared to the pump mode operation with R 2 of 0.966 and 0.999, respectively. Furthermore, schematic empirical statistical models were developed to predict the performance characteristics of several conversion methods using pump data obtained from the manufacturers.
NASAL BONE RECONSTRUCTION USING BONE CEMENT - “SURGICAL SIMPLEX P”
Authors: აწყვერელი ლ. Atskvereli  L. , ბრეგაძე ო. Bregadze O. , ჭუჭულაშვილი ნ. Chuchulashvili N.
Published: March 2021

Surgical treatment of the defects and deformations in the facial area are still actual problems of reconstructive surgery. Medical and social aspects of the problem, pushes for intense search of the new materials for the reconstruction and improvement of surgical methods. The work presents an interesting clinical case description. The authors successfully used radiopaque medical cement “Surgical Simplex P” to fill in the deficit of the nasal bone  and cartilage. It should be noted that the satisfactory effect was achieved  in both functional and aesthetic point of view.
Tail Risk Hedging: Contrasting Put and Trend Strategies
Authors: Ilmanen Antti , Thapar Ashwin , Tummala Harsha , Villalon Dan
Published: March 2021

We summarize key research findings on risk-mitigating strategies and offer
an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of regular index put buying
(“Put”) and multi-asset trend following (“Trend”) as tail hedges. The two
biggest questions we address are: (1) What is the long-term average
return or cost, and (2) How reliable and efficient is the hedge in equity
market tail events? We present empirical answers and discuss the
economic rationale for each question. The common view that Put costs
more but is a more effective tail hedge contains a kernel of truth but does
not capture the full story. We will give a more nuanced picture, including
practicality for investors, but in the end show the cost advantage favors
Trend over Put.
Studi pemanfaatan ruang dan kejadian banjir di wilayah pesisir Kota Dumai
Authors: Lintano Diego Ariesta , Mubarak Mubarak , Sutikno Sigit
Published: March 2021

Environmental change due to development processes, such as land clearing and construction of settlements and industries, are belived to cause disruotion of hydrologic conditions, increases level flow and flood peak flow. It happens because of the water absorption capacity at the land surface reduced. The menthod used is frequency analysis to determine the expected local rainfall on various repeated periods and the rain intensity, which are needed for flood flow calculations. The space utilization on economic sector in Sudirman Kota Dumai Rd., are likely to be increased from 2001, 2011, ro 2015. The result of the flood flow (Qp) analysis on 2015 shows tendency to increase on the following years (Qexisting Qprediction). Where as the result of the flood flow (Qp) with catchment well is Qeksisting Qscenario.
Efektivitas ekstrak daun pandanwangi sebagai insektisida nabati dalam mengurangi jumlah lalat selama penjemuran ikan patin asin
Authors: Fadhlah Hilyati , Feliatra Feliatra , Karnila Rahman
Published: March 2021

The size of the fly population at the time of Salted Catfish production (SC) is one of theimportant problems that will have an impact on the health and deterioration of fish quality, as well ashaving an impact on socio-economic conditions. Flies are mechanical vectors for the transmission ofdiseases carried through microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). To deal with this problemproducers use chemical insecticides which are sometimes used at inappropriate dosages, so that they willadversely affect human health and the environment. therefore it is used by Fragrant Pandan Leaves(FPL) which have chemicals as poisons for vectors and safe for humans. This study aims to identify thecontamination of S.aureus bacteria in SC from Penyasawan Village, to analyze the effectiveness of FPLextracts in reducing the number of flies in the process of drying the SC on product acceptance. Usingexperimental research methods, with RAL, it was carried out at the UPTD laboratory for fish diseasesand the water quality of the Kampar Regency Fisheries Service. Data were analyzed using the One-WayANOVA statistical test. The results showed that, for the most part Salted Catfish from PenyasawanVillage is identified contamination of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Pandan Wangi Leaf Extract caneffectively reduce the density of flies that perch during drying of Salted Catfish with the highestconcentration having the greatest resistance to the flies of flies. Salted Catfish soaked in Pandan Wangileaves are in demand by consumers
Potensi dan keragaman hayati cagar alam Bukit Bungkuk
Authors: Yasir Salman , Sutrisno Eko
Published: March 2021

The area of Bukit Bungkuk wildlife sanctuary is on Kampar regency in Riau Province. Based on the decree of Minister of Forestry at 3917/Menhut-VII/KUH/2014 which were areas 12.828,88 Ha. The existence of Bukit Bungkuk wildlife sanctuary is a habitat for the endangered and the protected flora and fauna. Monitoring of the existence these areas was carried out in a rapid survey and interview with village officials and local communities. These activities to obtain the existence and the potential of carrying capacity of Bukit Bungkuk wildlife sanctuary. This area is a home to 32 species of wildlife found directly or indirectly. Furthermore, there are 2 potentials environmental services in this area that can be developed on empowerment schemes to the edging local community. The potentials of environmental services are Koto Panjang reservoir and several waterfalls around and in the area. Currently, the utilization of environmental services was carried out by the community and based on natural sustainability with the local wi
Analisa daya dukung sub das Batang Kumu Kecamatan Rambah Hilir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu
Authors: Hasmadan Rudi , Zulkifli Zulkifli , Suprayogi Imam
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is to analyze the carrying capacity of Sub watershed Batang Kumu in existing conditions that are useful as a direction for the management of Sub watershed Batang Kumu to maintain sustainability. The method of approach used using policy instruments from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (LHK) of the Republic of Indonesia which has published regulation of the Minister of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia no.61 /Menhut II/ 2014 on monitoring and evaluation of watershed management with assessment of criteria covering land, water system, socioeconomic, value of building investment and utilization of regional space. The data used for the research includes land use data, high water level  and water quality sample test results sourced from BP-DAS Indragiri Rokan, rainfall data sourced from The River Regional Basin (BWS) of Sumatra III, socioeconomic and population data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Rokan Hulu Regency as well as building investment value data sourced from the Public Work  Office of Rokan Hulu Regency. The results of the research stated the total carrying capacity value of Sub watershed Batang Kumu is 117.5. The condition of support capacity of Sub watershed Batang Kumu Sub-District Rambah Hilir Rokan Hulu regency is in the category of bad or in other words Sub watershed Batang Kumu that deserves to maintain its supporting capacity where socioeconomic and institutional assets / value and investment of buildings function as they should. While land conditions, water systems and regional development policies are performance parameters of Sub watershed Batang Kumu which has an influence in increasing the risk of ineligion to the sustainability of watershed ecosystems especially the percentage of critical land, the percentage of vegetation closures and erosion index that shows a very high classification level followed by sub criteria of flooding with high classification and protected areas with very poor classification
Strategi Pengelolaan tempat pemrosesan akhir (TPA ) Sampah Batu Canai di Kelurahan Pematang Reba Indragiri Hulu
Authors: Harman Amalia Prafitra , Siregar Yusni Ikhwan , Putra Ridwan Manda
Published: March 2021

To solve the waste problem in Indragiri Hulu Regency, the Regency Government built a Landfill (TPA). This waste Landfill (TPA) is located at Jalan Batu Canai, Pematang Reba Village, Rengat Barat District. However, the management of this TPA has experienced various obstacles so that it does not run optimally so it is interesting for further research.This research was conducted in August 2020 at the Batu Canai waste landfill (TPA) using survey methods, literature study and interviews. The type of data used in the form of a combination of quantitative and qualitative research will be described descriptively. The variables of this study include 1.) The existing condition of Batu Canai Waste Landfill (TPA) Pematang Reba Village, 2) The impact of the existence of Batu Canai Final Disposal Site (TPA) of Batu Canai Garbage in Pematang Reba Village on the environment, social and economy according to the perceptions of the community around the TPA , 3) Management strategy of Batu Canai waste landfill  (TPA) Pematang Reba Village. The existing condition of TPA Batu Canai in terms of facilities and infrastructure is quite adequate, although some infrastructure and operational facilities are damaged. From the calculation results, the estimated service life of Batu Canai waste landfill (TPA) is 8 years and 9 months. For the impact of the existence of TPA Batu Canai, according to the community's perception around the TPA, from a socio-economic perspective, their response was positive and from an environmental perspective, their response was negative. Meanwhile, the alternative management strategies for Batu Canai waste landfill were analyzed through SWOT analysis. From the results of the SWOT analysis, it was found that the condition of the TPA was in Quadrant III and the right alternative strategy for managing the Batu Canai Final Processing Site (TPA) in Pematang Reba Village was a WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities) strategy, namely 1) Optimizing the Controlled landfill system, 2) Support Government to establish a special agency for managing TPA, 3) Utilizing good waste processing technology to process organic waste into bio energy, 4) Empowering and fostering communities to establish a Waste Bank.
Creating Virtual Exchanges: Promoting Intercultural Knowledge When Study Abroad Is Not Possible
Authors: Dorroll Courtney , Caballero-Garcia Begona
Published: March 2021

This article describes how to create virtual exchanges during times when study abroad, in its original state, cannot be accomplished, such as during the COVID pandemic. It discusses how two professors from a liberal arts institution in the US American South used two virtual exchange projects with universities in Spain and Egypt to debunk stereotypes and fight national narrow-mindedness while promoting intercultural knowledge. Focusing on recognizing our own biases through active learning classrooms, promoting twenty-first-century skills, and using digital technologies have the potential of not only rethinking stereotypes, but also combating the notion of “West as best.” Developing relationships among U.S college students and university students from the countries they are studying, in this case Spain and Egypt, with virtual exchanges help all learners to empathize, understand, and stretch their perspectives. Building empathy and expanding perspectives can be transformational and ultimately help students become more inclusive, global citizens.
Nasal Rhinosporidiosis: Clinical Presentation, Clinical Findings, and Outcome in Dogs
Authors: Cridge Harry , Mamaliger Nataly , Baughman Brittany , Mackin Andrew J.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and outcome in 10 dogs diagnosed with Rhinosporidium seeberi infections. Histopathology and cytology records were searched at a veterinary teaching hospital and a veterinary diagnostic laboratory to identify dogs with rhinosporidiosis. Medical records were reviewed for clinical, imaging, endoscopic, and surgical findings. Outcome was determined via evaluation of records and, where possible, telephone conversation with the primary care veterinarian and/or owner. Young to middle-aged large-breed dogs with an approximately equal sex distribution were represented. Unilateral signs predominated. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 9 cases, and cytology was diagnostic in only 1 of 3 cases. Histopathology was superior to cytology. Masses were soft tissue and contrast enhancing with no evidence of bony lysis on computed tomography (2 dogs). Direct or rhinoscopic (2 dogs) visualization revealed white to yellow pinpoint foci. Surgical resection (4 dogs) can result in long-term disease-free periods (up to 2659 days), although repeat surgery can be required. Dapsone was well tolerated in 1 dog, and relapse was not noted despite incomplete surgical resection (follow-up 749 days). Visualization of pale foci on a rostral intranasal mass in an endemic region should prompt consideration of rhinosporidiosis.
Emphysematous Cystitis and Pneumoperitoneum in a Dog withEscherichia coliUrinary Tract Infection and Hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Day Samantha K. , Mooney Erin T.
Published: March 2021

A 9 yr old male neutered Staffordshire bull terrier with a history of poorly controlled hyperadrenocorticism, urinary tract infections, and emphysematous cystitis (EC) was presented to a veterinary referral teaching hospital for vomiting. Abdominal radiographs revealed EC and a pneumoperitoneum. The urinary bladder was found to be intact based on ultrasound and a pre- and postiohexol contrast computed tomography study with retrograde contrast cystogram. Urine culture confirmed the presence of a recurrent Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. The patient was managed medically, primarily as an outpatient, and had complete resolution of all problems. This case represents an extremely rare form of EC with pneumoperitoneum, without evidence of concurrent urinary bladder rupture. Only six similar cases have been reported in humans, with no previous cases reported in veterinary medicine. This case demonstrated that surgery is not necessarily indicated in all cases of pneumoperitoneum. The patient remained alive at 2 mo follow-up, with no evidence of recurrence of EC.
Factors Contributing to an Efficacious Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Asian Population
Authors: Lee Jin Soo , Hwang Yang-Ha , Sohn Sung-Il
Published: March 2021

Although randomized control trials about endovascular treatment (EVT) of emergent large vessel occlusion (LVO) have demonstrated the success of mechanical thrombectomy as the choice of treatment, a wide range of caveats remain unaddressed. Asian patients were rarely included in the trials, thereby raising the question of whether the treatment could be generalized. In addition, there remains a concern on the feasibility of the method with respect to its application against intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS)-related LVO, frequently observed in the Asian population. It is important to include evidence on ICAS LVO from Asian countries in the future for a comprehensive understanding of LVO etiology. Besides the issues with EVT, prognostic concerns in diabetes patients, acute kidney injury following EVT, neuroprotective management against reperfusion injury, and other peri-EVT issues should be considered in clinical practice. In the current article, we present an in-depth review of the literature that revises information pertaining to such concerns.
Fortuna Forest Reserve, Panama: Interacting Effects of Climate and Soils on the Biota of a Wet Premontane Tropical Forest
Authors: Dalling James W. , Turner Benjamin L.
Published: March 2021

The Fortuna Forest Reserve and adjacent upland areas of the Palo Seco Reserve in western Panama support some of the most extensively studied lower and premontane tropical forests in the world. The forests of Fortuna are among the most diverse in Central America and are therefore of exceptional significance for the preservation of regional biodiversity. This volume brings together more than 50 years of research on the climate, geology, soils, and major plant groups of Fortuna. Spanning the Continental Divide at around 1,000 m above sea level, some parts of the reserve receive more than 6,000 mm of annual rainfall, although there is considerable variation in cloud cover and seasonality. Soil fertility also varies markedly, reflecting the complex regional volcanic geology. The resulting gradients of climate and fertility across the reserve shape the composition, structure, and diversity of plant communities. A network of 12 one-hectare plots at Fortuna contains more than 400 species of trees greater than 5 cm diameter at breast height and reveals extensive compositional turnover across the reserve. One tree species, Oreomunnea mexicana, forms monodominant stands in otherwise species-rich forests, while forests on extremely infertile soils are dominated by the canopy palm Colpothrinax aphanopetala and include the tropical conifer Podocarpus oleifolius. There are also almost 400 species of bryophytes, almost 300 species of ferns and lycophytes, 31 species of palms, 80 species of bromeliads, and more than 200 species of orchids. Many species of ectomycorrhizal fungi identified from fruiting bodies are new to science. Overall, results from Fortuna highlight the remarkable diversity of plants that occur in montane forests and the extent to which their communities are structured by gradients of climate and soil fertility. The chapters in this volume provide a foundation for further research and exploration in this fascinating region.
Valorization of Natural Antioxidants for Nutritional and Health Applications
Authors: Ferreira-Santos Pedro , Genisheva Zlatina , Botelho Claudia , Rocha Cristina , António Teixeira José
Published: March 2021

The significant increase in the world population age, 47 years in 1950 to 73 years in 2020, resulted in an increase in aging related diseases as well as in degenerative diseases. In consequence, researchers have been focusing in the development of new therapies, with a particular emphasis on the use of compounds with antioxidant properties, namely phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and carotenoids. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the phytochemicals antioxidant capacity. Their use is broad, as they can be part of food supplements, medicine and cosmetics. The health benefit of antioxidant phytochemicals is an indisputable question. Phytochemical properties are highly influenced by the natural matrix as well as by extraction process, which have a key role. There are several extraction methods that can be applied depending on the chemical properties of the bioactive compounds. There is a wide range of solvents with different polarities, which allows a selective extraction of the desired target family of compounds. Greener technologies have the advantage to reduce extraction time and solvent quantity in comparison to the most traditional methods. This chapter will focus on the different green extraction strategies related to the recovery of antioxidant bioactive compounds from natural sources, their nutritional and health potential.