bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affinity Biosensors for Detection Immunoglobulin E and Cellular Prions. Antibodies vs. DNA Aptamers
Authors: Hianik Tibor
Published: June 2016

Immunosensors for detection of proteins are of high importance for medical diagnostics. There exists continuous effort in their development using new methods of antibody immobilizations at the various surfaces including novel nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, dendrimers and combination of these materials with nanoparticles of various origin. At the same time as an alternative to antibodies DNA or RNA aptamers are considered as novel receptors during last 2 decades. In contrast with antibodies aptamers are more flexible and stable, allowing various chemical modification without lost of their sensitivity. This review compares the properties of existing immuno‐ and aptasensors for detection human immunoglobulin E (IgE) and cellular prions (PrPC). It has been shown, that both immuno‐ and aptasensors are of comparable sensitivity and selectivity that depends on the method of receptor immobilization and detection.
Quick Determination of Electroactive Surface Area of Some Oxide Electrode Materials
Authors: Watzele Sebastian , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: June 2016

Quick and accurate determination of the real electroactive surface area of oxide electrodes remains one of the most challenging but at the same time important unsolved methodological tasks in the field of electroanalysis. For instance, the widely used Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) method unfortunately provides no direct connection to it. On the other hand, its assessment through the double layer capacitance is complicated and not accurate enough, as the bulk oxide films themselves contribute to the measured capacitance, not mentioning the double layer frequency dispersion and other poorly understood factors. In this work, we propose a relatively simple methodology for a quick assessment of the electroactive surface area of some electron conducting oxide and perovskite materials. The methodology involves several steps. Initially, “calibration” experiments are performed aiming to form the thinnest (practically below ∼100–200 nm) flat oxide films, which exhibit necessary functional properties (close to those expected for the bulk material) without significant side influence of the substrate. Then, AFM measurements are implemented to estimate the surface roughness of the resulting samples. Finally, electrochemical impedance measurements are done at a small overpotential related to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) aiming to extract not the double layer but the capacitance of adsorption Ca of the OER intermediates. The Ca values can then be used to evaluate the electroactive surface area of “real‐world” high surface area oxide electrodes composed of the same material. Other words, similar to the hydrogen underpotential deposition or CO oxidation in the case of metals, we propose to use the oxygen evolution reaction as the probing reaction to evaluate the surface area of oxide electrocatalysts. However, instead of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used as the main probing technique. Due to relatively high reproducibility, clear physical meaning and exclusive connection to the electroactive area, the measurements of Ca can become a viable method in numerous electrochemical applications. An example using Ni‐oxide electrodes is given to illustrate the methodology.
Graphical methods of river profile analysis to unravel drainage area change, uplift and erodibility contrasts in the Central Range of Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chia‐Yu , Willett Sean D.
Published: June 2016

To reveal river channel steepness patterns and variance in settings with significant variation in rock uplift rate, rock erodibility and moving water divides, we present a series of graphical methods to interpret channel profiles. To complement Cartesian χ plots, longitudinal profiles and mapping methods, we introduce a new method based on a radial coordinate system. We map each basin onto polar coordinates in which the radial dimension is χ and the azimuthal coordinate, ϕ, is calculated with an increment (Δϕ) scaled to the distance to neighboring channel heads. The elevation is contoured on this mapping. Average channel steepness is estimated by fitting a conical surface to the elevation. The graph simplifies the comparison of χ and elevation between channels that share a divide, and helps identify spatial changes in drainage area and patterns of erodibility.

We apply this approach to derive the uplift pattern in the eastern and southern Central Range of Taiwan, where the high tectonic convergence and uplift rates combined with sub‐tropical climate and frequent typhoons results in high exhumation rate, and well‐developed, detachment‐limited river networks. Additionally, the tectonic activity leads to drainage basin reorganization. We identify examples of divide migration, discrete river capture as well as anomalous steepness that we attribute to local variability in rock erodibility.

Estimated basin‐average steepness values show the highest and a near constant value from Hsinwulu basin to Liwu basin in the center of the Island. To the north and south of this region, the values gradually decrease. These estimates show good correlation with the topography of the Central Range and erosion rates derived from in situ 10Be concentrations in river‐borne quartz. We conclude that the basin steepness reflects systematic differences in rock uplift rate and erosion rate. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social drivers forewarn of marine regime shifts
Authors: Hicks Christina C , Crowder Larry B , Graham Nicholas AJ , Kittinger John N , Cornu Elodie Le
Published: June 2016

Some ecosystems can undergo regime shifts to alternative compositions of species. Although ecological indicators can identify approaching regime shifts, we propose that rapid changes in the social drivers underlying ecosystem change may provide additional and potentially earlier indicators of impending shifts. We demonstrate this by reconstructing the underlying social drivers of four iconic marine regime shifts: Pacific kelp forests, Northwest Atlantic continental shelf, Jamaican coral reefs, and the Chesapeake Bay estuary. In all cases, a range of social drivers – including opening of lucrative markets, technological innovations, and policies that enhanced the driver – ultimately prompted these ecosystem shifts. Drawing on examples emerging from environmental management practice, we present three practical recommendations for using social drivers as early indicators: monitor social change, determine social trigger points, and identify policy responses. We argue that accounting for the underlying social drivers of ecosystem change could improve decision making.
Removal of cadmium from contaminated Lentinula edodes by optimized complexation and coagulation
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Chen , Cheng Wei , Bian Yinbing , Guo Peng
Published: June 2016

Heavy metal pollution is a serious problem for Lentinula edodes; however, the treatment of contaminated L. edodes has seldom been studied. This study investigated the removal of cadmium (Cd) from contaminated L. edodes and its lentinan by complexation and coagulation. Some influencing factors, such as pH, medical dosage, and preoxidation were examined. Cd complexation from contaminated L. edodes was shown to be more efficient under acidic conditions (pH 5.0), with a clearance rate of 80.47% in 25 mmol/L EDTA and 78.45% in 25 mmol/L sodium citrate. The Cd content in the lentinan of the contaminated L. edodes was markedly lower than that in the powdered mushroom (2.77 mg/kg vs. 19.49 mg/kg) and was easier to remove. The maximum Cd clearance rate (96.3%) for lentinan was obtained using an optimized process that involved preoxidation with 0.5 mg/L KMnO4, complexing with 25 mmol/L EDTA and 25 mmol/L sodium citrate, and coagulation with 50 mg/L activated carbon (AC) at pH 10.0.
Detailed Multi‐dimensional Modeling of Direct Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Tseronis K. , Fragkopoulos I.S. , Bonis I. , Theodoropoulos C.
Published: June 2016

Fuel flexibility is a significant advantage of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and can be attributed to their high operating temperature. Here we consider a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell setup in which a separate fuel reformer is not required. We construct a multidimensional, detailed model of a planar solid oxide fuel cell, where mass transport in the fuel channel is modeled using the Stefan‐Maxwell model, whereas the mass transport within the porous electrodes is simulated using the Dusty‐Gas model. The resulting highly nonlinear model is built into COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercial computational fluid dynamics software, and is validated against experimental data from the literature. A number of parametric studies is performed to obtain insights on the direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system behavior and efficiency, to aid the design procedure. It is shown that internal reforming results in temperature drop close to the inlet and that the direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell performance can be enhanced by increasing the operating temperature. It is also observed that decreases in the inlet temperature result in smoother temperature profiles and in the formation of reduced thermal gradients. Furthermore, the direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell performance was found to be affected by the thickness of the electrochemically‐active anode catalyst layer, although not always substantially, due to the counter‐balancing behavior of the activation and ohmic overpotentials.
Can PEM Fuel Cells Experience Appreciable Degradation at Short Circuit?
Authors: Bonnet C. , Lapicque F. , Belhadj M. , Gerardin K. , Raël S. , Hinaje M. , Mitchell L. , Goldsmith V. , Kmiotek S. J.
Published: June 2016

Operation of PEM fuel cells at very low voltages can occur in the case of direct hybridization with supercapacitors, depending on their charge level: in such cases, the cell acts as reliable current sources that can be used with low voltage devices. In spite of the growing importance of this electrical mode aging phenomena for such conditions are still unknown. A single 100 cm2 cell was operated for more than 2,000 hours at short circuit. The current delivered by the cell provided with an MEA after suitable maturation, was shown to be approx. 98% of that corresponding to the injected hydrogen flow rate. The state‐of‐health of the cell was followed by impedance measurements and determination of the electrochemical surface area of the cathode and the fuel crossover. Significant, regular decay rate of the cell voltage after the low‐voltage run was observed to range from 30 to 100 µV h−1 depending on the current density. The features of the cell were little‐to‐moderately affected by the particular regime: 43% of ECSA was lost which affects only little the FC performance, and hydrogen crossover remains unchanged. Only the diffusion resistance was increased up to fourfold at high current density.
Critical data‐based re‐evaluation of minocycline as a putative specific microglia inhibitor
Authors: Möller Thomas , Bard Frédérique , Bhattacharya Anindya , Biber Knut , Campbell Brian , Dale Elena , Eder Claudia , Gan Li , Garden Gwenn A. , Hughes Zoë A. , Pearse Damien D. , Staal Roland G. W. , Sayed Faten A. , Wes Paul D. , Boddeke Hendrikus W. G. M.
Published: June 2016

Minocycline, a second generation broad‐spectrum antibiotic, has been frequently postulated to be a “microglia inhibitor.” A considerable number of publications have used minocycline as a tool and concluded, after achieving a pharmacological effect, that the effect must be due to “inhibition” of microglia. It is, however, unclear how this “inhibition” is achieved at the molecular and cellular levels. Here, we weigh the evidence whether minocycline is indeed a bona fide microglia inhibitor and discuss how data generated with minocycline should be interpreted. GLIA 2016;64:1788–1794
Effectiveness of respite care in supporting informal caregivers of persons with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Vandepitte Sophie , Van Den Noortgate Nele , Putman Koen , Verhaeghe Sofie , Verdonck Caroline , Annemans Lieven
Published: June 2016

Objective

Supporting informal caregivers of persons with dementia is considered to be an effective strategy for improving the well‐being of caregivers and care recipients and for delaying nursing home placement. Although considerable research has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy, and occupational therapy, research into the effectiveness of respite care is rare. This systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of different types of respite care in supporting informal caregivers of persons with dementia.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using Web of Science and PubMed, and the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess the methodological quality. Randomized controlled trials, quasi‐experimental studies, pretest–posttest studies without a control group, and cohort studies were included.

Results

Seventeen papers met the inclusion criteria. Day care services are effective in decreasing caregiver burden and behavioral problems in persons with dementia, but they also accelerate time to nursing home admission. The results of temporary residential admission are rather mixed and show unexpected adverse effects on both caregivers and care recipients. High‐quality comparable evidence on community‐based respite care is still lacking, although earlier qualitative evidence indicated promising results.

Conclusion

Unlike in previous reviews, we were able to draw some conclusions about the effectiveness of some types of respite care. There is nonetheless still a need for new intervention studies measuring the impact of respite care, especially in‐home respite care programs, on the caregiver, the care recipient, and health care resource utilization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The discrepancy between social isolation and loneliness as a clinically meaningful metric: findings from the Irish and English longitudinal studies of ageing (TILDA and ELSA)
Authors: McHugh JE , Kenny RA , Lawlor BA , Steptoe A , Kee F
Published: June 2016

Objective

Scant evidence is available on the discordance between loneliness and social isolation among older adults. We aimed to investigate this discordance and any health implications that it may have.

Method

Using nationally representative datasets from ageing cohorts in Ireland (TILDA) and England (ELSA), we created a metric of discordance between loneliness and social isolation, to which we refer as Social Asymmetry. This metric was the categorised difference between standardised scores on a scale of loneliness and a scale of social isolation, giving categories of: Concordantly Lonely and Isolated, Discordant: Robust to Loneliness, or Discordant: Susceptible to Loneliness. We used regression and multilevel modelling to identify potential relationships between Social Asymmetry and cognitive outcomes.

Results

Social Asymmetry predicted cognitive outcomes cross‐sectionally and at a two‐year follow‐up, such that Discordant: Robust to Loneliness individuals were superior performers, but we failed to find evidence for Social Asymmetry as a predictor of cognitive trajectory over time.

Conclusions

We present a new metric and preliminary evidence of a relationship with clinical outcomes. Further research validating this metric in different populations, and evaluating its relationship with other outcomes, is warranted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purpose, Mission, and Context: The Call for Educating Future Leaders
Authors: Chunoo Vivechkanand , Osteen Laura
Published: June 2016

This chapter calls on higher education to reclaim its role in leadership education. Specifically it examines higher education's purpose, context, and mission as clarion calls to embed leadership education throughout higher education institutions and focuses on why this is important.
Liberal Arts: Leadership Education in the 21st Century
Authors: Guthrie Kathy L. , Callahan Kathleen
Published: June 2016

This chapter focuses on strategies and processes that integrate leadership learning across institutions. It discusses how leadership education fits a liberal education in various institutional types and operationalizes leadership and liberal arts curricula with five competencies.
Creating Problem‐Based Leadership Learning Across the Curriculum
Authors: Thompson Sara E. , Couto Richard A.
Published: June 2016

This chapter explores problem‐based learning (PBL) as effective pedagogy to enhance leadership learning. Through institutional examples, research, and personal experiences, the authors provide a rationale for faculty and staff to utilize PBL across the curriculum.
Developing Socially Responsible Leaders in Academic Settings
Authors: Cauthen T. W.
Published: June 2016

This chapter begins the exploration of what leadership education is through examining the relationship between educational involvement and academic autonomy in the development of socially responsible leaders.
Irrigation uniformity under different socio‐economic conditions: evaluation of centre pivots in Aragon (Spain) and Utah (USA)
Authors: Lecina S. , Hill R.W. , Barker J.B.
Published: June 2016

This study is an analysis of the influence that the socio‐economic context may have on irrigation performance. The main objective is to provide useful information to support the decision‐making processes of farmers, water user associations, policy‐makers and agritech companies. For this purpose, 34 centre pivots were evaluated in Aragon (Spain) and Utah (USA). Utah has a lower agricultural production potential than Aragon, and crop production is a secondary activity with respect to livestock production on many farms. In Aragon, farms are mainly devoted to crop production. These and other features may bias farmers' decisions regarding investment, operation and maintenance of their irrigation systems. This bias may be the underlying cause of the lower irrigation uniformity obtained in Utah. Coefficients of uniformity (CU) averaged 90% in Aragon and 80% in Utah. The gap between the actual and potential (90%) CU translates into an estimated net land productivity reduction of −18% (€66 ha−1, US$89 ha−1) in Utah. Measures aimed at closing this gap could cost less than €15 ha−1 (US$20 ha−1). Multidisciplinary approaches are required to quantify these gaps and to understand their causes in order to bridge them in a cost‐effective manner. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents – a controlled, microbiological, clinical trial
Authors: Costa da Mota Ana Carolina , França Cristiane Miranda , Prates Renato , Deana Alessandro Melo , Costa Santos Larissa , Lopes Garcia Rubia , Leal Gonçalves Marcela Letícia , Mesquita Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Porta Santos Fernandes Kristianne , Kalil Bussadori Sandra
Published: June 2016

Halitosis can exert a negative influence on the social relations of adolescents and affect one's self‐image. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on halitosis in adolescents. Forty‐six individuals aged 12 to 19 years were randomly allocated: Group 1 – treatment with photodynamic therapy; Group 2 – treatment with a tongue scraper and Group 3 – treatment with a tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy. The count of bacterial colony‐forming units per milliliter was used for the microbiological analysis. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls test. ANOVA was used for the determination of colony‐forming units after treatment. The level of significance for all statistical tests was 5% (p < 0.05). After treatment, a statistically significant reduction in total volatile sulfur compounds was found in all groups (p < 0.001), with the largest reduction (median: 0) found in Group 3 (tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between treatment with aPDT and a tongue scraper alone (p < 0.001). The present findings demonstrate an option for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents, with an immediate effect and without the mechanical aggression to the toungue.

Clinical Trials: NCT02007993

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Clinical Trials: NCT02007993
Assessment of semiempirical enthalpy of formation in solution as an effective energy function to discriminate native‐like structures in protein decoy sets
Authors: Urquiza‐Carvalho Gabriel Aires , Fragoso Wallace Duarte , Rocha Gerd Bruno
Published: June 2016

In this work, we tested the PM6, PM6‐DH+, PM6‐D3, and PM7 enthalpies of formation in aqueous solution as scoring functions across 33 decoy sets to discriminate native structures or good models in a decoy set. In each set these semiempirical quantum chemistry methods were compared according to enthalpic and geometric criteria. Enthalpically, we compared the methods according to how much lower was the enthalpy of each native, when compared with the mean enthalpy of its set. Geometrically, we compared the methods according to the fraction of native contacts (Q), which is a measure of geometric closeness between an arbitrary structure and the native. For each set and method, the Q of the best decoy was compared with the Q0, which is the Q of the decoy closest to the native in the set. It was shown that the PM7 method is able to assign larger energy differences between the native structure and the decoys in a set, arguably because of a better description of dispersion interactions, however PM6‐DH+ was slightly better than the rest at selecting geometrically good models in the absence of a native structure in the set. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Need for Dynamic Models of Career Development for Transitioning Offenders
Authors: Bennett Andrea , Amundson Norman
Published: June 2016

Within correctional settings, career development interventions focus on teaching employment skills to offenders to help them obtain work in the community. However, ongoing changes in labor market trends affect job insecurity and, thus, criminal recidivism. This article first reviews some of the existing career development interventions used with offender populations. The authors then suggest that a more dynamic approach to career development—with offenders embracing the paradoxical complexities of making career decisions that incorporate notions of flexibility, change, chance, curiosity, and hope—is needed to ensure successful transitions to the community.
The vertical posteromedial thigh (vPMT) flap for autologous breast reconstruction: A novel flap design
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Chen Yen‐Chou , Lindenblatt Nicole , Giovanoli Pietro
Published: June 2016

Background

The vertical posteromedial thigh (vPMT) perforator flap is a new reliable flap with versatility. The purpose of this article was to report our experience with the use of free vPMT flap for reconstruction of the breast.

Patients and Methods

From May 2015 to December 2015, seven patients received immediate unilateral breast reconstruction with seven free vPMT flaps. The flaps were raised based on the first medial perforator of the profunda femoris artery (PFA). The internal mammary artery and vein were dissected as recipient vessels.

Results

The flap sizes varied from 25 × 9 cm to 30 × 10 cm. The average weight of the flap and mastectomy specimen was 431 g (range: 390 to 470 g) and 410 g (range: 360 to 450 g) respectively. The average pedicle length was 10.4 cm (range, 8.5 to 12.5 cm) and the average arterial diameter was 2.1 mm (range, 1.8 to 2.6 mm). All of the flaps survived completely after surgery. The donor sites were all primarily closed with minimal morbidities. Follow‐up observations were conducted from 3 to 9 months. All of patients were satisfactory with the reconstruction.

Conclusion

The vertical vPMT is suitable for breast reconstruction in women with small to moderate breast size; the vertical pattern of the PMT avoids some of the problems related to other flaps with transverse patterns and represents an alternative design that can be successfully used for breast reconstruction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:371–376, 2017.
Building Compound Archives for the Future
Authors: Lewis Richard , Deheuvels Joakim , Ertl Peter , Pirard Bernard , Sirockin Finton
Published: June 2016

Will the targets of the future be covered by the compound libraries of today? This communication will cover a critical review of past strategies before turning to a new measure of diversity, protein pockets. A fingerprint descriptor for pockets will be described.
Nitride‐Based UV‐LEDs and Their Application
Authors: Rass Jens , Lobo Ploch Neysha
Published: June 2016

A wide range of applications utilize ultraviolet (UV) light in the UVB (280 — 320 nm) and UVC range (< 280 nm). Among them are disinfection of water, air, and surfaces, sensing applications, plant growth lighting, and material processing. While currently some of these applications are already being accessed by using conventional mercury discharge lamps, the use of semiconductor UV‐LEDs promises to revolutionize the market by expanding the range of possible applications and making them more efficient. For this, the available range of wavelengths, the LED efficiency and their output power need to be increased. This article describes the technology of nitride‐based UV‐LEDs and their applications.
Invigorating polyurethane foams with phase change materials supported in inorganic containers
Authors: Goitandia Amaia M. , Beobide Garikoitz , Vadillo Julen , del Val Ignacio , Aranzabe Estibaliz , Aranzabe Ana
Published: June 2016

The present study covers the development and testing of polyurethane (PU) foams modified with phase change materials (PCMs) supported in inorganic silica containers. Two kind of inorganic supports (mesoporous silica and tight silica microcapsules) were selected as representative cases of two alternatives for the preparation of phase change composites: infiltration of PCMs on porous supports and microencapsulation of PCMs. The two types of phase change composites exhibit latent heats of 100–130 J·g−1 and PCM uptakes of 45–60%. The addition of the phase change composites to the formulation of a rigid PU foam promoted subtle changes in the foam growth process which were responsible of a cell‐size contraction and of strengthening the compressive strength in a 27–30%. The thermal performance of the PU foams was tested under isothermal laboratory conditions showing higher thermal storage capacity in doped foams. Additionally, the higher energy storage capacity of the modified foams provides them greater thermal inertia. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1420–1432, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
The effects of temperature variation on mechanical behaviors of polyetheretherketone‐based fiber metal laminates
Authors: Hu Yubing , Li Huaguan , Tao Jie , Pan Lei , Xu Jiang
Published: June 2016

In this study, the effects of temperature variation on the mechanical behaviors of the polyetheretherketone‐based fiber metal laminates (PFMLs) were investigated to explore their temperature resistance capability. Tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of PFMLs were assessed at various temperatures including room temperature, 120°C, 170°C, and 220°C, respectively. The results indicated that tensile strength and ILSS decreased by 52% and 60% when tested at 220°C. Moreover, thermal fatigue was performed ranging from −65°C to 135°C for 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 cycles. Following thermal fatigue, tensile and ILSS properties were tested at room temperature. The results did not show any significant difference, indicating that the thermal fatigue did not affect the mechanical properties of PFMLs. The effective mechanism of the temperature variation was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) measurements, and residual stresses analysis, respectively. Furthermore, thermal shock for up to 1,000 cycles at the temperature ranging from room temperature to 220°C did not cause any visible delamination or damage. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1447–1454, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
ENHANCING SELF‐REGULATORY SKILLS THROUGH AN INTERVENTION EMBEDDED IN A MIDDLE SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
Authors: Digiacomo Gregory , Chen Peggy P.
Published: June 2016

We investigated the effects of a self‐regulatory intervention strategy designed to improve middle‐school students’ calibration accuracy, self‐regulatory skills, and math achievement. Focusing on self‐monitoring and self‐reflection as the two key processes of this intervention in relation to improving students’ math achievement and overall self‐regulation, we randomly assigned 30 sixth‐and seventh‐grade students to either a treatment or a delayed‐treatment control group. At the conclusion of the intervention, we conducted interviews to unearth students’ sources of calibration judgments. Results showed that participants who received the intervention had significantly higher math performance and predictive/postdictive calibration accuracy than did the control group. We provided educational implications of our findings for psychologists and educators.
Untargeted, spectral library‐free analysis of data‐independent acquisition proteomics data generated using Orbitrap mass spectrometers
Authors: Tsou Chih‐Chiang , Tsai Chia‐Feng , Teo Guo Ci , Chen Yu‐Ju , Nesvizhskii Alexey I.
Published: June 2016

We describe an improved version of the data‐independent acquisition (DIA) computational analysis tool DIA‐Umpire, and show that it enables highly sensitive, untargeted, and direct (spectral library‐free) analysis of DIA data obtained using the Orbitrap family of mass spectrometers. DIA‐Umpire v2 implements an improved feature detection algorithm with two additional filters based on the isotope pattern and fractional peptide mass analysis. The targeted re‐extraction step of DIA‐Umpire is updated with an improved scoring function and a more robust, semiparametric mixture modeling of the resulting scores for computing posterior probabilities of correct peptide identification in a targeted setting. Using two publicly available Q Exactive DIA datasets generated using HEK‐293 cells and human liver microtissues, we demonstrate that DIA‐Umpire can identify similar number of peptide ions, but with better identification reproducibility between replicates and samples, as with conventional data‐dependent acquisition. We further demonstrate the utility of DIA‐Umpire using a series of Orbitrap Fusion DIA experiments with HeLa cell lysates profiled using conventional data‐dependent acquisition and using DIA with different isolation window widths.
Hydrophobically controlled self‐association of pH‐ and thermo‐sensitive triblock copolymers based on poly(acrylic acid‐co‐tert‐butyl acrylate) and poly(propylene oxide)
Authors: Pottier Christophe , Morandi Gaëlle , Rihouey Christophe , Dulong Virginie , Picton Luc , Le Cerf Didier
Published: June 2016

Aqueous solution properties of amphiphilic P(AA‐co‐tBA)‐b‐PPO‐b‐ P(AA‐co‐tBA) copolymers having various tBA contents are presented in this article. These copolymers show pH‐sensitive behavior depending on tBA/AA ratio. Hydrophobic interactions between tBA units leading to pH‐dependent macroscopic aggregates were evidenced by turbidimetry. The aggregation behavior of the PPO middle block was concealed in presence of tBA units. The formation of water‐soluble aggregated objects was characterized by Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation (AsF4). By increasing tBA/AA ratio, we observed an increase of aggregates size as well as a reduction of the critical concentration aggregation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1944–1949
Intellectual development of childhood ALL patients: a multicenter longitudinal study
Authors: Sleurs Charlotte , Lemiere Jurgen , Vercruysse Trui , Nolf Nathalie , Van Calster Ben , Deprez Sabine , Renard Marleen , Vandecruys Els , Benoit Yves , Uyttebroeck Anne
Published: June 2016

Background

In childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), radiotherapy for CNS prophylaxis is not used in frontline therapy anymore. Standard treatment for ALL nowadays consists of polychemotherapy. Therefore, assessment of potential chemotherapy‐induced cognitive side effects becomes important. Although neurotoxicity was demonstrated in cross‐sectional studies, longitudinal studies remain scarce.

Procedure

We evaluated intellectual development of 94 pediatric ALL patients between 1990 and 1997, diagnosed before the age of 12 years, treated according to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Children's Leukemia Group 58881 protocol. Three assessments of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised were performed since diagnosis, according to age. Using repeated measures regression analysis, we investigated the effect of gender (low versus increased) risk group, parents' education, age at diagnosis, intelligence quotient (IQ) subscale (verbal (VIQ) versus performance (PIQ) intelligence), and test session.

Results

PIQ scores were lower than VIQ at baseline (−5.3 points on average, p = 0.0032), yet PIQ increased more strongly (PIQ: +3.9 points per test session; VIQ: +0.8, p = 0.0079), so this baseline difference disappeared (p = 0.0079). There were no clear effects of gender (girls: +0.6 points; p = 0.78) or risk group (low risk: +1.5 points; p = 0.49), but IQ scores were higher when one parent had followed higher education (+9.5 points, p < 0.0001). Finally, diagnosis at younger age predicted lower IQ scores (−1.3 points per year, p = 0.0009).

Conclusion

Given that IQ scores did not decline, our findings demonstrate a stable pattern. However, the lower PIQ scores at baseline may indicate that performance functioning is vulnerable to acute neurotoxicity. Also, lower scores for younger patients highlight the stronger impact of the disease and/or treatment at younger age.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The History of SoTL in Canada: Answering Calls for Action
Authors: Simmons Nicola , Poole Gary
Published: June 2016

This chapter outlines the historical growth of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) in Canada leading up to the formation of SoTL Canada and the development of this volume.
The Canadian Teaching Commons: The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Canadian Higher Education
Authors: Wuetherick Brad , Yu Stan
Published: June 2016

This chapter reports on a national study exploring the current state of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) and assessing the perceptions of Canadian SoTL scholars at the micro (individual), meso (departmental), macro (institutional), and mega (disciplinary) contexts.
Exploring the SoTL Landscape at the University of Saskatchewan
Authors: Wuetherick Brad , Yu Stan , Greer Jim
Published: June 2016

This paper presents the results of a quantitative study that comprehensively assessed the level and extent to which the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) was being conducted amongst faculty and staff at the University of Saskatchewan, and identifies the barriers and challenges faced by SoTL practitioners.
Experimental Study of Oil‐Free Claw Vacuum Pump Characteristics
Authors: Raykov Alexey , Salikeev Sergey , Burmistrov Aleksey , Fomina Marina
Published: June 2016

Experimental study of pumping characteristics of a pilot model of a claw single‐stage vacuum pump with identical rotors was carried out. The curves of pumping speed vs. pressure at different rotary speed and the ultimate pressure at different rotors speed were determined on a test unit. Indicator pressure diagrams in working chambers of claw vacuum pump were obtained with the help of special sensors.

Thus, an experimental data bank concerning the pumping characteristics of claw vacuum pump was created. It may be used for estimation of mathematical model adequacy and further development of the pump design.
Poor Prognosis of Patients Treated for Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Hernandez-Soria Alexia , Cross Michael B.
Published: June 2016

The study by Gomez et al., “The Fate of Spacers in the Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection,” evaluates the clinical course and success rate of treatment of periprosthetic joint infection with two-stage revision with spacer placement in the interim period. The current review critically analyzes the findings of this study and examines how these findings may influence patient care in the field of hip and knee replacement. Gomez et al. report sobering results of two-stage revision with spacer placement for periprosthetic joint infection. Nearly 20% of patients in their study who had a spacer placed never went on to get a new prosthesis and nearly 20% of those who did get a new prosthesis ultimately failed treatment. The authors reported a 7.5% mortality rate in the interstage period after resection arthroplasty. This study provides valuable information for counseling patients about the outcomes of treatment using spacers for infection after total joint arthroplasty. The results of this study also highlight the need for future investigation into better treatments for periprosthetic joint infections.
Pseudo-turbulent heat flux and average gas–phase conduction during gas–solid heat transfer: flow past random fixed particle assemblies
Authors: Sun Bo , Tenneti Sudheer , Subramaniam Shankar , Koch Donald L.
Published: June 2016

Fluctuations in the gas-phase velocity can contribute significantly to the total gas-phase kinetic energy even in laminar gas–solid flows as shown by Mehrabadi et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 770, 2015, pp. 210–246), and these pseudo-turbulent fluctuations can also enhance heat transfer in gas–solid flow. In this work, the pseudo-turbulent heat flux arising from temperature–velocity covariance, and average fluid-phase conduction during convective heat transfer in a gas–solid flow are quantified and modelled over a wide range of mean slip Reynolds number and solid volume fraction using particle-resolved direct numerical simulations (PR-DNS) of steady flow through a random assembly of fixed isothermal monodisperse spherical particles. A thermal self-similarity condition on the local excess temperature developed by Tenneti et al. (Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 58, 2013, pp. 471–479) is used to guarantee thermally fully developed flow. The average gas–solid heat transfer rate for this flow has been reported elsewhere by Sun et al. (Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 86, 2015, pp. 898–913). Although the mean velocity field is homogeneous, the mean temperature field in this thermally fully developed flow is inhomogeneous in the streamwise coordinate. An exponential decay model for the average bulk fluid temperature is proposed. The pseudo-turbulent heat flux that is usually neglected in two-fluid models of the average fluid temperature equation is computed using PR-DNS data. It is found that the transport term in the average fluid temperature equation corresponding to the pseudo-turbulent heat flux is significant when compared to the average gas–solid heat transfer over a significant range of solid volume fraction and mean slip Reynolds number that was simulated. For this flow set-up a gradient-diffusion model for the pseudo-turbulent heat flux is found to perform well. The Péclet number dependence of the effective thermal diffusivity implied by this model is explained using a scaling analysis. Axial conduction in the fluid phase, which is often neglected in existing one-dimensional models, is also quantified. As expected, it is found to be important only for low Péclet number flows. Using the exponential decay model for the average bulk fluid temperature, a model for average axial conduction is developed that verifies standard assumptions in the literature. These models can be used in two-fluid simulations of heat transfer in fixed beds. A budget analysis of the mean fluid temperature equation provides insight into the variation of the relative magnitude of the various terms over the parameter space.
Systemic Representation: Democracy, Deliberation, and Nonelectoral Representatives
Authors: KUYPER JONATHAN W.
Published: June 2016

This article explores the relationship between non-electoral representatives and democratic legitimacy by combining the recent constructivist turn in political representation with systemic work in deliberative theory. Two core arguments are advanced. First, non-electoral representatives should be judged by their position in a wider democratic system. Second, deliberative democracy offers a productive toolkit by which to evaluate these agents. I develop a framework of systemic representation which depicts the elemental parts of a democratic system and assigns normative standards according to the space occupied. The framework gives priority of democratic analysis to the systemic level. This helps mitigate a central concern in the constructivist turn which suggests that representatives mobilize constituencies in ways that are susceptible to framing and manipulation. I engage in case-study analysis of the collapsed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement to unpack the different spaces occupied by non-electoral representative and elucidate the varied democratic demands that hinge on this positioning.
Delirium in older adults: a chronic cognitive disorder?
Authors: Cole Martin G. , Mccusker Jane
Published: June 2016

Delirium is defined as a neurocognitive disorder characterized by sudden onset, fluctuating course, and disturbances in level of consciousness, attention, orientation, memory, thought, perception, and behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It occurs in hyperactive, hypoactive, or mixed forms in up to 50% of older hospital patients (Inouyeet al., 2014) and 70% of older long-term care residents (McCuskeret al., 2011), many with pre-existing dementia (Ficket al., 2002).
The Relation between God and the World in the Pre-Critical Kant: Was Kant a Spinozist?
Authors: Hoffer Noam
Published: June 2016

Andrew Chignell and Omri Boehm have recently argued that Kant’s pre-Critical proof for the existence of God entails a Spinozistic conception of God and hence substance monism. The basis for this reading is the assumption common in the literature that God grounds possibilities by exemplifying them. In this article I take issue with this assumption and argue for an alternative Leibnizian reading, according to which possibilities are grounded in essences united in God’s mind (later also described as Platonic ideas intuited by God). I show that this view about the distinction between God’s cognition of essences as the ground of possibility and the actual world is not only explicitly stated by Kant, but is also consistent with his metaphysical picture of teleology in nature and causality during the pre-Critical period. Finally, I suggest that the distinction between the conceptual order of essences embodied in the idea of God and the order of the objects of experience plays a role in the transition into the Critical system, where it is transformed into the distinction between the intelligible and the sensible worlds.
Appearances and Things in Themselves: Actuality and Identity
Authors: Stang Nicholas F.
Published: June 2016

Lucy Allais’s anti-phenomenalist interpretation of transcendental idealism is incomplete in two ways. First of all, like some phenomenalists, she is committed to denying the coherence of claims of numerical identity of appearances and things in themselves. Secondly, she fails to explain adequately what grounds the actuality of appearances. This opens the door to a phenomenalist understanding of appearances.
Relationalism about Perception vs. Relationalism about Perceptuals
Authors: Stephenson Andrew
Published: June 2016

There is a tension at the heart of Lucy Allais’s new account of Kant’s transcendental idealism. The problem arises from her use of two incompatible theories in contemporary philosophy – relationalism about perception, or naïve realism, and relationalism about colour, or more generally relationalism about any such perceptual property. The problem is that the former requires a more robust form of realism about the properties of the objects of perception than can be accommodated in the partially idealistic framework of the latter. On Allais’s interpretation, Kant’s notorious attempt to balance realism and idealism remains unstable.
The potential of Nigerian bioactive plants for controlling gastrointestinal nematode infection in livestock
Authors: Ademola Isaiah Oluwafemi
Published: June 2016

Bioactive compounds from marine and terrestrial organisms have been used extensively in the treatment of many diseases in both their natural form and as templates for synthetic modifications. This review summarizes present knowledge about anthelmintic effects of the extracts of bioactive plants in Nigeria against helminth parasites of ruminants. Plants traditionally used in livestock production are discussed. The main focus is hinged on in vitro and in vivo activities of secondary plant metabolites against nematodes of livestock. This review provides insight into preliminary studies of medicinal plants, which can be investigated further to discover promising molecules in the search for novel anthelmintic drugs and nutraceuticals.
John Jackson and the standard of review
Authors: KUIJPER PIETER JAN
Published: June 2016

Among my dearest memories of John Jackson and his wife Joan are the four weeks spent in Ann Arbor as a guest lecturer at the Michigan Law School in the mid-nineties, briefly after the entry into force of the WTO package of agreements. It was great to be away for some weeks from the relentless pressure of work in the WTO group in the Legal Service of the European Commission, which I was heading at the time. I taught a seminar on EC external relations, but also sat in on John's lectures on international trade law and naturally our discussions centered on the WTO and how the new dispute settlement system was going to work.
John Jackson and WTO Dispute Settlement
Authors: DAVEY WILLIAM J.
Published: June 2016

John Jackson bestrode the world of international trade law like a Colossus. His 1969 treatise onWorld Trade and the Law of GATTwas called the bible of GATT law. His 1977 casebook onLegal Problems of International Economic Relationscreated a new law school course and introduced thousands of students around the globe to international trade law. It was the leading international trade law casebook for decades, and his students went on to positions of responsibility throughout the world in governments, international organizations, and private practice. His analysis of GATT infirmities convinced certain influential governments to push for a new international trade organization, which eventually saw life as the World Trade Organization. It was a great honor for me to have been associated with John for over thirty years. Indeed, his 1985 invitation to join as a co-author of the casebook after my first year in law teaching undoubtedly saved me many years of drudgery as a corporate/securities law scholar. Thus, I am pleased to offer some thoughts on John's influence on dispute settlement under GATT and the WTO.
John H. Jackson, the Law and Economics
Authors: COTTIER THOMAS
Published: June 2016

Before and after World War II, trade policy was largely dealt with, and shaped by, the communities of government economists and diplomats. Lawyers were hardly involved or in the lead. John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White coined the Bretton Woods institutions. Clair Wilcox was instrumental in creating the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and Joseph Viner influential in the early years of the GATT. All were economists. Harry L. Hopkins, the father of New Deal and senior adviser to President Roosevelt, entered social work and government after college. In 1944, he coined the adage, expressing the philosophy of international cooperation, which would influence subsequent generations and legal developments so strongly: ‘Trade conflict breeds non-cooperation, suspicion, bitterness. Nations which are economic enemies are not likely to remain political friends for long.’