bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Decision-Making in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Focus on Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics
Authors: Samalin Ludovic , Garnier Marion , Auclair Candy , Llorca Pierre-Michel
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this study were to identify clinician’s characteristics associated with higher prescription rates of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, as well as the information sources influencing medical decision-making about treatment of schizophrenia. We surveyed 202 psychiatrists during 6 regional French conferences (Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, Nice, Paris, Strasbourg). Data on the characteristics of practice, prescription rates of antipsychotic and information sources about their clinical decisions were collected. Most of psychiatrists used second-generation antipsychotic (SGA), and preferentially an oral formulation, in the treatment of schizophrenia. SGA LAI was prescribed to 30.4% of schizophrenic patients. The duration and the type of practice did not influence the class or formulation of antipsychotics used. The clinicians following the higher percentage of schizophrenic patients were associated with the higher use of LAI antipsychotics and the lower use of oral SGA. Personal experience, government regulatory approval and guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia were the 3 main contributing factors guiding the clinical decision-making of clinicians about treatment of schizophrenia. The more clinicians follow schizophrenic patients, the more they use LAI antipsychotic. The development of specialised programmes with top specialists should lead to better use of LAI in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Managers’ Characteristics and Employee Productivity
Authors: Sawitri Hunik Sri Runing , Wahyuni Salamah , Sunaryo Sinto
Published: November 2016

We investigate the effect of top management characteristics on employee productivity. Arguably, the presence of encouraging managers will motivate employee to perform better in term of productivity. We use archival data of Indonesian firms to test our hypothesis. Some demographic factors are employed to measure managers’ characteristics. Surprisingly, our results reveal that firms with more educated managers have lower employee productivity. However, we do not find evidence on the effect of managers’ age and tenure on employee productivity.
State-owned Banks Loans to Their Connected Parties: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Untoro Wisnu
Published: November 2016

I hypothesize that banks’ stockholders react negatively to the announcement of state-owned (government) banks loans to their connected parties. Arguably, minority shareholders may suppose that connected lending are granted for unprofitable project as state-owned banks have to help government in the social and development activities. Using data for Indonesia state-owned banks loans, I find little evidence that market reacts negatively to the loans which are granted to connected parties.
An Evaluation of the Antioxidant Status and Antimicrobial Activity of the Methanol Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum
Authors: Souda Sajini , Saramma George , Goercke Irene , Chabaesele Kelvin , Mannathoko Naledi
Published: November 2016

Herbal drug therapy is regarded as an important alternative for the treatment of chronic and infectious disease. Ocimum gratissimum has been used extensively in traditional medicine in many countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant status and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum (MEOG) and to establish that the antimicrobial activity is due to its antioxidant potentials. The total antioxidant status was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method to determine total phenolic content of the MEOG. The antimicrobial effect was determined by agar diffusion and broth dilution method against different ATCC strains of pathogenic bacteria. Zones of inhibition, minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined.  The results indicate that the antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of MEOG is mainly due to its total phenolic content and bioactive ingredients like  tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, quinones and terpenoids. The MEOG was found microbicidal against all tested gram positive and negative organisms and against the fungus, Candida albicans. The MIC for gram positive organisms ranged between 0.117 – 7.5mg/ml and for gram negative organisms the range were between 0.469 – 3.75 mg/ml. The MBC for the gram positive bacteria ranged from 0.117mg/ml – 15 mg/ml and for gram negative bacteria from 3.75 mg/ml- 15 mg/ml. In conclusion, MEOG can be used in the treatment of skin infections due to bacteria and fungus and also in the respiratory and gastro intestinal infections due to its antioxidant properties.
Framework for water quality monitoring system in water distribution networks based on vulnerability and population sensitivity risks
Authors: Abo-Monasar Amin , Al-Zahrani Muhammad
Published: November 2016

Delivering water in sufficient quantity and acceptable quality is the main objective of water distribution networks (WDN) and at the same time is the main challenge. Many factors affect the delivery of water through distribution networks. Some of these factors are relevant to water quality, quantity and the condition of the infrastructure itself. The deterioration of water quality in the WDN leads to failure at the water quality level, which can be critical because it is closest to the point of delivery and there are virtually no safety barriers before consumption. Accordingly, developing a powerful monitoring system that takes into consideration water demand distribution, the vulnerability of the distribution system and the sensitivity of the population to the deterioration of water quality can be very beneficial and, more importantly, could save lives if there was any deterioration of water quality due to operational failure or cross-contamination events. In this paper, a framework for a water quality monitoring system that considers water demand distribution, the vulnerability of the system and the sensitivity of the population using fuzzy synthetic evaluation and optimization algorithms is developed. The proposed approach has been applied to develop a monitoring system for a real WDN in Saudi Arabia.
Combating water scarcity through roof water harvesting: planning and design with stakeholders' perception in Sikkim (India)
Authors: Kusre Bharat Chandra , Bora P. K. , Rai Deependra , Suranjoy Singh Singam , Tana Aphiya , Subba Soshna
Published: November 2016

Sikkim is one of the constituent states of India, endowed with huge water resources. However, due to steep terrain and non availability of a groundwater aquifer, water conservation is a challenge. The water received as rainfall drains away through the steep terrain in the deep valleys, thereby creating a water stress after withdrawal of the monsoon. To overcome such a situation, a study was undertaken to design a suitable rain water harvesting system for the state. To design a suitable water harvesting system, we estimated the water demand of the end users, assessed the water availability during the non-rainy period, and designed the volume of storage structure. The study revealed that more than 80% of the respondents experienced water stress during the period from December to March. The average daily water demand of individual households was observed to be around 400 litres. The rainfall pattern indicated that 90% of the rainfall is concentrated during 6 rainy months. On average, 24 consecutive dry days were observed in the state. The volume of storage structure obtained, based on water availability and demand, was 5 m3 per household. It is felt that this volume can take care of the domestic water demand.
Effect of Naturopathic modalities in the management of recurrent Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Monisha M. S.  , PB Najuma  , Sheela.
Published: November 2016

Now a days recurrent UTI is on common infection among the people, more common in women, particularly in child bearing age. The current research aims at providing a cost effective, long standing treatment protocol for the management of recurrent UTI and also for minimizing the recurrence of symptoms for a longer duration.. The objective of the study is to assess the effect of naturopathic modalities in the signs, symptoms and microscopical features of recurrent urinary tract infection. The study was a before and after Quasi – experimental or Non- randomized design. Data from an individual case sheet Proforma specifying demographical data, general history, clinical history related to urinary tract infection, physical examinations, laboratory investigation, data related with treatment and its response were collected. A consultation and examination was performed to grade the signs and symptoms. Grading was done before and after treatment. Routine blood investigation including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and data related to presence of pus cells in urine were also collected. The naturopathic modalities including hot hip bath, abdominal hot compress, juice therapy and diet control is found to be therapeutically very effective in reducing the symptoms of urinary tract infection. Juice therapy used in the study has diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties and provide good results.
Critical review on Naasapana with special reference to the management of Apabahuka
Authors: Praveenkumar H. Bagali  , Dr. A. S. Prashanth
Published: November 2016

Ayurveda the science of life, not only deals with the prevention of diseases there by to maintain health but also with the alleviation of diseases. The unique position of man as a master mechanic of the animal kingdom is because of skilled movements of his hands and when this shoulder joints get obstructed, we call it as Apabahuka. While looking into comprehensive management of Apabahuka, Nasya, Uttarabhouktika Snehapaana Sweda, Raktamokshana etc. are commonly in practise, but Naasapana a special procedure explained in Vatavyadhi Chikitsa of Chakradatta with Dashamooli Bala Masha Kwatha is rarely in practise. This article enlightens about practise of Naasapana in the management of Apabahuka.
Sharangadhara’s Nadi Pareeksha and its implications in Ayurveda
Authors: H Pampanna Gouda  , Govind Raju  , Seema MB
Published: November 2016

Ever since man has started colonising the knowledge for survival and dependence over each other made him social animal. But aggregated knowledge and added wisdom transformed such colonisation in to civilizations. Ayurveda is said to be Upanga of Atharvanaveda. The mythological connection yielded the Ayurveda in Triskanda Ayurveda but the amassing the doctrines of Indian philosophy made it to today’s Living sciences the Ayurveda. By 2nd BC the classical works of Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita is believed to have been written. The trend of writing such voluminous work even extended upto 6th AD believed to be the period of Astanga Hrudaya Samhita. The upsurge of Rasa Shastra and the geopolitical changes happening in India had almost pull stopped the progress of Ayurvedic Literature for further 6 centuries. But it was post Shoddala period that is 12th century AD onwards, we find with the specific intent and with a particular domain literature emerged which we call period of Laghutrayee. The same post Shoddala period we find some serious, literary mammoth works in Ayurveda came in the form of commentaries. Dalhana, Chakrapaniduta, Arunaduta and Hemadri commentaries even today believed to more authentic came in this period for the Brihatrayee. This exploration of Sharangadhara in to the Nadi Pareeksha is one such add on with a specific reason addressing the entrance level teaching so that the system become more simpler and approachable. In the article an attempt is made to exhibit need specific moulding of Nadi Pareeksha which was imported from neighbours is specifically blended; not only to the basics of Ayurveda but was practised as a tool of a) diagnosis, b) prognosis c) treatment and d) even death was determined by it.
Concept of Manasa Prakruti as described in Charaka Samhita
Authors: Sachin S. Bagali  , Umapati C. Baragi
Published: November 2016

Ayurveda has a unique specialty of holistic approach and includes all the factors which are necessary for maintenance of health. Trigunas are essential drives of the mind which differentiate individuals on the basisof their psychological constitution. Genetically determined, these psychological characteristics are dependent on the relative dominance of the three Gunas. Manasa Prakruti features pertain to the mind and mental activities of the person. Due to their resemblance in qualities to that of almighty god, names were designated accordingly. Totally 16 types of Manasika Prakruti are described in Charaka Samhita. After proper understanding of Satwa Prakruti one should initiate appropriate therapy. Maha Prakruti’s are those which manifests due to influence of Satva, Raja and Tama and knowledge of the constitution is very much essential. Three types of psyche are described to be born from virtue, anger and delusion these are said to be superior, medium and inferior respectively. Seven, Six and three respectively are said to be the types of these psyche. To prescribe medicines, knowledge of this is essential.
Review on Shatkriyakala – A way to know and treat diseases
Authors: Rajendra Kumar Soni  , Garima Srivastava
Published: November 2016

Ayurveda is a science of life. It is a system of traditional medicine native to Indian subcontinent but now days its knowledge is accepted worldwide. In Ayurveda prevention of all types of diseases is known as a prominent part of treatment which includes restructuring human lifestyle aligns with the course of nature. Kriyakala means the time of treatment or interception in the process of disease manifestation. These six stages mentioned by Acharya Sushruta gives an idea regarding the state of the disease in the body and it guides us when to intervene or where to inter intervene. Early diagnosis of diseases helps to cure the diseases successfully without much discomfort in planning treatment. The concept is traced in ancient Ayurvedic books. This is an objective approach of ancient scientists helping for the clinical practice. Apart from that the Kriyakala give us the knowledge of diagnosis, prognosis and the level of intervention and so that to prevent the establishment of a disease.
Therapeutic efficacy of Patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.) - A Review through classical texts of Ayurveda
Authors: Suman G. Singh  , K. Nishteswar  , B.R. Patel
Published: November 2016

Patha, botanically known as Cissampelos pareira Linn. (Family: Menispermaceae) is a perennial climbing herb/shrub profoundly used for treating different disease conditions since Vedic periods. The plant is highlighted for its use as a single drug in the treatment of disease conditions like Jwara (Fever), Kasa (Cough), Shwasa (Bronchitis), etc. The plant is also used as an ingredient of many compound formulations in classical texts of Ayurveda. In the present review, compound formulations of Patha are compiled from 9 different compendia and presented in a systematic manner. 342 compound formulations found in which Patha is one of the ingredients. Maximum number of formulations are found in Ashtang Samgraha (87) followed by Charaka Samhita (80) and the plant is being used in 18 different dosage forms and among these, Kwatha (113), Churna (88), Ghrita (45) are found in maximum numbers. Majority of the formulations are used internally (298) for the treatment of disease conditions like Atisara (Diarrhoea), Arsha (Haemorrhoids), Prameha (Urinary disorders), Jwara (Fever), Grahani (Malabsorption syndrome)etc.
Painless Tooth Extraction by Jalandhara Bandha Yoga
Authors: Vivek J.  , B A Venkatesh
Published: November 2016

Tooth extraction is the removal of a tooth from its socket in the bone. It is a Minor surgical procedure. It comes under Aharana Karma among Astavidha Shastra Karma, as mentioned by Acharya Sushruta, the pioneer of Indian surgery. Tooth extraction is performed for various reasons. However for tooth extraction local anaesthesia is mandatory. Extraction of tooth without anaesthesia is un imaginable. But this is possible by a Yoga and Ayurvedic technique. i.e. Painless Tooth Extraction by Jalandhara Bandha Yoga. Tooth Extraction by Jalandhara Bandha Yoga requires No Anesthesia! No Injection! No Spray! No Antibiotics! and No Analgesics! It’s purely a combination of Yoga and Ayurvedic Technique.
A Critical Review on Go-Ghrita, Shata Dhouta Ghrita and Sahasra Dhouta Ghrita
Authors: Ashok Kumar BN  , Shiv Om Dixit  , Sanjaykumar B. Patel.
Published: November 2016

Traditional medical system has always played an important role in the maintenance of health of mankind. Modern medicine has been drawing inputs from these traditional systems since their very beginning. Samskara in Ayurveda, is a process of transformation of inherent attributes of a substance. This is created by dilution, application of heat, cleansing, churning, storing in a specific place, maturing, flavoring, impregnation, preservation, container etc. Ancient scholars considered that Ghrita is able to perform multiple actions if processed accordingly. On the base of this, many Samskaras are employed for Ghrita and subsequently various pharmacological actions are observed. Shatadhouta Ghrita and Sahsradhouta Ghrita are also an outcome of that keen observation. Shatadhouta Ghrita and Sahasradhouta Ghrita are two Ayurvedic preparations, which are prepared by washing cow ghee for hundred and thousand times respectively. They are considered as best alleviators of Pitta Dosha and burning sensation, in the treatments of wound healing. On the basis of detailed literary review, it was understood that, Shatadhouta Ghrita and Sahasradhouta Ghrita should be prepared by pressure washing of Ghrita with water. These preparations are indicated for Dahashamana action. Both of them have the properties as that of oil in water kind of emulsion.
Therapeutic role of vegetables in Respiratory Diseases – A critical review from Ayurvedic classics.
Authors: Raghavendra Naik  , Shweta Vekariya  , R N Acharya  , Sneha D Borkar
Published: November 2016

The concept of Pathya (wholesome diet) is an unique contribution of Ayurveda, which plays an important role in prevention and management of many diseases. “Shakavarga”, a category under dietetics in classical texts of Ayurveda enlisted different vegetables with their properties and indications in different disease conditions. These vegetables can be prescribed as Pathya (wholesome diet) in clinical practice. In the present review, plants described under Shakavarga, indicated as Pathya in different diseases related to Pranavaha Srotas (Respiratory system) were compiled from 15 different Ayurvedic classical texts. Critical analysis of the compiled data reveals that out of 332 vegetables described under Shakavarga, 44 are indicated in respiratory disease like Shvasa (Dyspnoea/Asthma), Kasa (Cough), Peenasa (Chronic rhinitis) and Hikka (Hiccup). Among them, botanical identity of 42 classical plants has been established and maximum number of vegetables belongs to the family cucurbitaceae (10) followed by solanaceae (4). Some of these vegetables have been reported for their various pharmacological activities related to prevention and management of diseases related to Pranavaha Srotas (Respiratory system). These vegetables are reported for their anti-inflammatory (16), antioxidant (14), anti-allergic (6) and antitussive (3) activities. The observed result may be helpful in use of vegetables as Pathya (wholesome diet) and planning further scientific studies about the efficacy of these plants on prevention as well as management of respiratory diseases.
Cosmetic toxicity and Natural solutions for Personal Care
Authors: Hiren Chavda  , Divya Solanki
Published: November 2016

Environmental Working Group (EWG) have warned that a large number of the chemicals used in common personal care products, can be harmful to health. You will find most cosmetic products including shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, liquid soaps, hair gels, lip balms, facial make up, nail polish, perfumes, skin creams, etc. are largely chemical based. Shockingly, a number of toxic chemicals are also used in baby products. Many Research on cosmetics have come up with list of toxic chemicals found in everyday use personal care products and cosmetics along with their health effects. So, people became aware of the dangers present in modern-day personal care products, they started looking for natural alternatives. Fortunately, natural solutions for body care have been around for millennia. Until the first half of the 20th century, only natural solutions were used for personal grooming and cosmetics. People can find natural alternatives for personal care, Which do not add to the toxic load of the Earth. These alternatives will be gentle on the body (skin), as well as safe for the environment. Here, we will discuss about effects of cosmetics on health and Natural solution for personal care.
Regime Learning in Global Environmental Governance
Authors: Hackmann Bernd
Published: November 2016

An increasingly complex governance architecture has become a major characteristic of current global environmental governance, often resulting in different degrees of complexity and fragmentation within global environmental regimes. Social learning processes are introduced by scholars and policy makers alike as management approaches for governing complex dynamic systems in situations that feature a high degree of complexity and uncertainty. Scholars argue that actors in complex environmental issue areas can learn in their social context and could develop the necessary knowledge, attitudes and behaviour to enhance their capacity to effectively address the environmental problem. This is where this article picks up the discussion and assesses the impact of a regime's complexity on its learning capabilities. It further identifies major drivers and barriers of regime learning processes in international environmental regimes.
Equity and ITQs: About Fair Distribution in Quota Management Systems in Fisheries
Authors: Doering Ralf , Goti Leyre , Fricke Lorena , Jantzen Katharina
Published: November 2016

Fish stocks, as common pool resources, are more and more managed by giving fishermen exclusive access rights as Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ). These have been widely discussed, with focus on social, economic and ecological issues. While equity aspects have been of great concern, there is very limited analysis about how to assess issues of equity and fair distribution when introducing ITQs. This paper applies an existing framework for assessing equity in resource use systems to tradable quota systems in fisheries. The framework defines the perspectives of distributive fairness, the stakeholders who are bound by fair practice rules, and instruments of fairness, and identifies metrics to assess equity in practice. We assess if the framework provides practical guidance for evaluating whether a given ITQ system operates under an equitable framework programme.
Characterization of the Syk-Dependent T Cell Signaling Response to an Altered Peptide
Authors: Park Jeoung-Eun , Rotondo Jeffrey A. , Cullins David L. , Brand David D. , Yi Ae-Kyung , Stuart John M. , Kang Andrew H. , Myers Linda K.
Published: November 2016

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by T cell dysregulation. We have shown that an altered peptide ligand (A9) activates T cells to use an alternate signaling pathway that is dependent on FcRγ and spleen tyrosine kinase, resulting in downregulation of inflammation. In the experiments described in this study, we have attempted to determine the molecular basis of this paradox. Three major Src family kinases found in T cells (Lck, Fyn, and Lyn) were tested for activation following stimulation by A9/I-Aq. Unexpectedly we found they are not required for T cell functions induced by A9/I-Aq, nor are they required for APL stimulation of cytokines. On the other hand, the induction of the second messenger inositol trisphosphate and the mobilization of calcium are clearly triggered by the APL A9/I-Aq stimulation and are required for cytokine production, albeit the cytokines induced are different from those produced after activation of the canonical pathway. DBA/1 mice doubly deficient in IL-4 and IL-10 were used to confirm that these two cytokines are important for the APL-induced attenuation of arthritis. These studies provide a basis for exploring the effectiveness of analog peptides and the inhibitory T cells they induce as therapeutic tools for autoimmune arthritis.
Cutting Edge: T Regulatory Cell Depletion Reactivates Latent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) in Controller Macaques While Boosting SIV-Specific T Lymphocytes
Authors: He Tianyu , Brocca-Cofano Egidio , Policicchio Benjamin B. , Sivanandham Ranjit , Gautam Rajeev , Raehtz Kevin D. , Xu Cuiling , Pandrea Ivona , Apetrei Cristian
Published: November 2016

T regulatory cells (Tregs) are critical in shaping the latent HIV/SIV reservoir, as they are preferentially infected, reverse CD4+ T cell activation status, and suppress CTL responses. To reactivate latent virus and boost cell-mediated immune responses, we performed in vivo Treg depletion with Ontak (denileukin diftitox) in two SIVsab-infected controller macaques. Ontak induced significant (>75%) Treg depletion and major CD4+ T cell activation, and only minimally depleted CD8+ T cells. The overall ability of Tregs to control immune responses was significantly impaired despite their incomplete depletion, resulting in both reactivation of latent virus (virus rebound to 103 viral RNA copies/ml plasma in the absence of antiretroviral therapy) and a significant boost of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell frequency, with rapid clearance of reactivated virus. As none of the latency-reversing agents in development have such dual activity, our strategy holds great promise for cure research.
Referential activity, dissociation, psychopathology and psychotherapy
Authors: Perrella Raffaella , Del Villano Nadia , Caviglia Giorgio
Published: November 2016

Within the framework of the research on process in psychotherapy, Wilma Bucci has initiated an attempt to reformulate and widen metapsychological concepts as well as the scope of psychoanalysis towards the contents of neuroscience and cognitive science. Such intent has contributed in developing the multiple code theory: a theoretical-empirical basis for the development of a research method on the evaluation of referential activity â€“ measure of the therapyâ€™s global progress through the transcriptions of the sessions. The method ranks in the course of the research on process and stems, as many empirical methods of therapeutic change evaluation, from the crisis of Freudâ€™s metapsychology, documented by the various controversies on the theory of the mind at the basis of psychoanalytic practice. From such controversies, it was acknowledged that psychoanalysis requires a modern theory explaining the fundamentals of clinical practice. Bucciâ€™s theory represents a development of Freudâ€™s differentiation of primary and secondary process: two distinct modes of thought that cannot be proposed in modern reality, since their validity has not been proven yet. Bucci proposes, instead, a three-fold thought and memory organization including verbal symbolic, non-verbal symbolic and sub-symbolic modes of thought. The integration of such modes should accompany the individual in every daily situation, by appearing in his/her language; an example, within psychotherapy, is the patientâ€™s free associations. Following traumatic situations, the three systems of thought may not function in an integrated manner: in this sense, psychotherapy may represent the instrument to restore the combined functioning of the three systems.
Circulating Phospholipids as Biomarkers of Breast Cancer: A Review
Authors: Mistry Dharmica April Haridatt , French Peter William
Published: November 2016

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. The key to surviving breast cancer is early detection and treatment. Current technologies rely heavily on imaging of the breast, and although considered the gold standard, they have their limitations. There is a need for a more accurate screening test for women of all ages, which can detect the cancer at a cellular level and before metastasis. There have been extensive studies into markers for breast cancer including protein and nucleic acid biomarkers, but to date, these have been unsuccessful. A growing field of interest is the association between breast cancer (tissue and cells) and lipids, which is documented in the literature, and may be considered as a leading candidate in the breast cancer detection space.
Relationships of Reproductive Traits with the Phylogeny of the African Noctuid Stem Borers
Authors: Calatayud Paul-André , Dupas Stéphane , Frérot Brigitte , Genestier Gilles , Ahuya Peter , Capdevielle-Dulac Claire , Le Ru Bruno
Published: November 2016

The display of the reproductive behavior in most noctuid Lepidoptera follows a diel periodicity and is limited to a precise period of either the day or the night. These behavioral traits and the sex pheromone chemistry can be species specific and thus might be linked to the phylogeny. The objective of this study was to test the relationship of these reproductive traits with phylogeny. The study was undertaken using eight closely related species of noctuid stem borers, which are easy to rear under artificial conditions, namely, Busseola fusca, B. nairobica, B. sp. nr. segeta, Manga melanodonta, M. sp. nr. nubifera, Pirateolea piscator, Sesamia calamistis, and S. nonagrioides. For each species, the adult emergence period, the mating time, and the oviposition period were estimated, referred as biological traits. The components of the sex pheromones emitted by the females of each species were also analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Among the biological traits measured, only those linked to the oviposition pattern (timing and egg loads per night) were significantly correlated with the phylogeny of these species. For the sex pheromone components, among the 13 components identified in all species, only four, namely, Z9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-TDA), Z11-TDA, E11-TDA, and Z11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-HDA), showed the highest significant correlations with the phylogeny. These results suggest that among the different reproductive traits evaluated, only few are phylogenetically constrained. Their involvement in the reinforcement of ecological speciation in noctuid stem borers is discussed.
Hermes: um modelo para acessibilidade ubíqua dedicado à deficiência auditiva
Authors: Carneiro Carlos Felipe Rocha , Barbosa Jorge Luís Victória
Published: November 2016

Nota-se, atualmente, que o avanço da tecnologia e a crescente quantidade de dispositivos móveis vêm estimulando o uso desse tipo de tecnologia. Porém, esses dispositivos não estão prontos para atender pessoas com determinados tipos de deficiência, especificamente o deficiente auditivo. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor um modelo de suporte ao deficiente auditivo chamado Hermes. O Hermes no que diz respeito aos trabalhos relacionados é o único a apresentar sensibilidade ao contexto, pois nenhum dos modelos avaliados tem essa característica. Além disso, Hermes suporta o reconhecimento de som, a localização de recurso e, por fim, demonstra suporte a trilhas. A avaliação do modelo foi baseada em cenários, partindo de um recurso selecionado pelo usuário, mostrando que o aplicativo oferece suporte para acessibilidade. O Hermes foi avaliado por dez usuários, um deles deficiente auditivo. Os avaliadores aprovaram com 88% o aplicativo no quesito que buscou avaliar a facilidade percebida de uso, e com 90% o quesito de utilidade percebida.
Análise dos sistemas computacionais críticos utilizados no controle de tráfego aéreo brasileiro
Authors: Sousa Francisco Fabrício Ribeiro de , Sousa Sérgio Barros de
Published: November 2016

O controle de tráfego aéreo no mundo é realizado por profissionais chamados controladores de tráfego aéreo, que utilizam equipamentos e sistemas computacionais para garantir a segurança dos voos. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre os sistemas utilizados para controle do espaço aéreo brasileiro e os problemas desses, além de apontar melhorias, como um sistema radar baseado em satélite e no sistema Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast - ADS-B, bem como a introdução de strips eletrônicas e “videonuvem”, garantindo, assim, uma maior precisão, segurança e qualidade no controle de tráfego aéreo brasileiro.
Sample Treatment in Pesticide Residue Determination in Food by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Are Generic Extraction Methods the End of the Road?
Authors: Romero-González Roberto , Liébanas Francisco Javier Arrebola , López-Ruiz Rosalía , Frenich Antonia Garrido
Published: November 2016

The use of high-resolution MS (HRMS) is becoming popular in laboratories for the determination of pesticide residues in food commodities. The recent improvements in the instrumentation have helped to increase the number of active compounds and transformation products that can be monitored within a simple chromatographic run. However, prior to instrumental determination, it is necessary to perform a nonspecific, or generic, sample treatment that allows the efficient extraction of several compounds with very relevant differences in their physical and chemical properties. In this sense, the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and its several modifications and the “dilute-and-shoot” extraction methodology have already revealed an enormous potential for their use together with chromatographic techniques coupled to HRMS. The potentiality and limitations of such a methodological combination have been evaluated in terms of sensitivity and selectivity when they are applied to the analysis of complex food matrixes. An evaluation of the scope of the methods, in terms of efficiency of the extraction and ionization steps, as well as the matrix effect, has also been carried out. Different solutions for the matrix effect have been considered, including improvement in clean-up steps, sample dilution, and matrix compensation by matrix-matched calibration or by the use of isotopically labeled standards.
Indicadores educacionais e a ideia da integração do ensino: o ensino médio na Amazônia sob análise
Authors: De Lima Araujo Ronaldo Marcos , Rodrigues Doriedson Do Socorro , Alves João Paulo Da Conceição
Published: November 2016

O trabalho analisa alguns indicadores educacionais do ensino médio em municípios da Amazônia brasileira, observando as variáveis reprovação, aprovação, abandono e distorção idade-série. A partir de dados do INEP, e sob abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa foram feitas análises referentes aos anos de 2002, 2007 e 2012, com destaque aos espaços rurais e urbanos. Os dados revelam a configuração atual de um ensino médio problemático nos centros urbanos, com a piora dos índices de fluxo na zona rural da Amazônia. O Pará e o Tocantins apresentam altos índices de reprovação em municípios longínquos dos centros urbanos e, portanto, distantes de um relativo desenvolvimento econômico. É imperiosa a necessidade de políticas públicas que permitam uma formação integrada em correlação às ações que impeçam a juventude em idade escolar entrar precocemente no trabalho, privando-a de uma formação totalizante e ampliada.
Participação dos cidadãos na gestão do saneamento básico no Pará
Authors: Souza Cezarina Maria Nobre
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho buscou identificar avanços e limitações sobre o princípio do controle social no âmbito da Política Estadual de Saneamento Básico do Estado do Pará. Para isso, foi realizada análise da referida Lei, dialogando-se com a literatura científica correlata ao tema controle social. O principal avanço identificado foi a própria criação da Política, que definiu o controle social como princípio, determinou a responsabilidade do Estado em apoiar os municípios a implementá-lo como prática no âmbito de suas intervenções. Contudo, a definição de controle social apresentada repete a que foi proposta pela Lei Federal n.° 11.445/2007, muito teórica e pouco prática, deixando abertas as mesmas lacunas nela existentes. Além disso, o legislador paraense, por um lado, cria uma instância colegiada deliberativa e inserta no Sistema Estadual de Saneamento como órgão máximo e, por outro lado, se reporta à possibilidade de o controle social ser exercido por meio de uma instância colegiada consultiva.
Análise da expansão do cultivo da palma de óleo no Nordeste do Pará (2008 a 2013)
Authors: Lameira Wanja Janayna de Miranda , Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães , Toledo Peter Mann de
Published: November 2016

A palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ganhou maior visibilidade e incentivos na região nor­deste da Amazônia nos últimos dez anos e um conjunto de ações políticas recentes per­mitiram a formação de territórios da palma. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a expansão dessa cultura no período 2008 a 2013, na re­gião conhecida como polo do dendê no Pará, utilizando Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistema de Informação Geográfica. O polo está loca­lizado no nordeste do estado e abrange cerca de 59.600 km² e 37 municípios. Os resultados mostram a existência de dois padrões espaciais bem distintos: (i) áreas de cultivo de palma de óleo com mais de 10 anos de produção e pre­sença de menor número de empresas; (ii) áreas recentes com palma de óleo, presença de maior número de empresas e melhores condições de infraestrutura. O contexto em que se expande a produção da palma no Pará é de vulnerabi­lidade socioeconômica e desafia a produção sustentável da cultura no estado.
Memória, Cotidiano e Trabalho: notas sobre modos de vida e subjetividades na Serra do Açor, Portugal
Authors: Scopinho Rosemeire Aparecida , Valencio Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva , Lourenço Luciano Fernandes
Published: November 2016

Na região serrana de Açor (Portugal), o rural caracteriza-se pelas idas e vindas dos aldeões entre o campo e a cidade, em busca de trabalho e reprodução da vida social. Com base em observações etnográficas realizadas em oito aldeias localizadas no Distrito de Coimbra e apoiado nos conceitos de memória social, cotidiano e trabalho, o artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre as construções materiais e simbólicas que sustentam/enfraquecem os vínculos sociais que caracterizam o modo de vida aldeão.
A expansão da matriz hidrelétrica brasileira: uma análise a partir da economia dos bens e serviços públicos
Authors: Souza Alexandre Do Nascimento , Jacobi Pedro Roberto
Published: November 2016

O trabalho analisa a expansão da matriz hidrelétrica a partir da discussão proposta pela economia pública, e tem como base o planejamento do setor elétrico brasileiro até 2030. Reflete o potencial de aumento dos conflitos socioambientais relacionados à construção de hidrelétricas na Amazônia. Nos próximos 20 anos, o planejamento do setor elétrico prevê que a bacia do rio Amazonas seja responsável por cerca de 77% da expansão da matriz elétrica brasileira. No entanto, 62% do potencial da bacia têm restrições socioambientais, segundo os critérios do organismo planejador. Os avanços recentes em relação ao trato das questões socioambientais relacionadas à construção de hidrelétricas se dão em função da mobilização e articulação do movimento social, ONGs ambientalistas e da participação ativa do Ministério Público. O artigo conclui que o ambiente conflituoso presente no setor elétrico é consequência da falta de participação social nas instâncias decisórias do planejamento do setor elétrico.
A investigação dos riscos tecnológicos na sociologia anglo-saxônica
Authors: Ruscheinsky Aloisio , Espluga Josep
Published: November 2016

Os riscos tecnológicos têm uma particularidade na medida em que remetem a aspectos futuros, porém pode verificar-se no presente, sendo sua definição, e reconhecimento, relativamente aberta. É usual ser atribuição da ciência oferecer explicação a partir de dados disponíveis, porém em muitos casos tal avaliação de certas tecnologias não é tarefa simples e, por vezes, nem concludente. Isto porque as probabilidades em meio ao conflito de interpretações se calculam com amplas margens de incerteza e de ameaças difíceis de identificar, comprovar e reduzir.
As coletividades ambivalentes em contextos de justiça social
Authors: Silva Alex Pizzio da
Published: November 2016

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada no ambiente urbano com trabalhadores informais de rua no Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Trata-se de uma população que se apresenta envolta em uma multiplicidade de conflitos e demandas sociais que permitem pensar a desigualdade com base em seus condicionantes econômicos, políticos e culturais. Como aporte teórico conceitual recorreu-se, ao princípio normativo de paridade participativa, formulado por Nancy Fraser, por entender ser ele capaz de dissolver as hierarquias e estabelecer situações em que os sujeitos e grupos possam interagir em condições de igualdade. Em decorrência, o objetivo geral da tese consistiu em refletir sobre a justiça social, fundamentalmente no que se refere ao tratamento institucional dispensado a grupos e sujeitos por ocasião da partilha de recompensas e ônus sociais. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que matrizes culturais atuam no estabelecimento de hierarquias valorativas e na manutenção e reprodução de situações de desigualdade social. O trabalho surge então como um bem de acesso que lida com formas de dominação, expressa valores, constitui microambientes e se desdobra em uma relação dialética que repercute no status adquirido e atribuído a quem dele participa.
Capacidade estatal e implementação de política de desenvolvimento regional sustentável na Amazônia
Authors: Oliveira Marília Silva
Published: November 2016

Este artigo tem o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade estatal do governo federal durante os processos de formulação e implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável para o Eixo de Influência da Rodovia BR- 163, Cuiabá-Santarém. Entende-se por capacidade estatal o poder do Estado em alcançar regiões remotas de seu território e de coordenar as relações no interior da burocracia estatal e com a sociedade civil. A pesquisa se baseou em 35 entrevistas realizadas com representante da sociedade civil e do governo em Brasília, Belém e Santarém entre os anos 2008 e 2009 e entre 2012 e 2013. Como complemento, foram examinados artigos acadêmicos e documentos publicados pelo governo e pela sociedade civil. A falta de comprometimento institucional dos órgãos governamentais, associada a uma burocracia desarticulada e a histórica ausência do governo na região foram elementos reveladores de um Estado com pouco poder infraestrutural para implementar políticas de desenvolvimento regional sustentável.
Da rede urbana às redes virtuais: acesso à internet e expansão do ciberespaço em Parintins e Itacoatiara
Authors: Pinheiro Heitor Paulo , Schor Tatiana
Published: November 2016

Em um mundo globalizado onde relações por meio de redes – virtuais e físicas – são fatores de suma importância para a expansão tanto das relações sociais e, em especial, as de mercado, o desenvolvimento geográfico desigual se perpetua pelo acesso precário ao mundo informacional. Para se entender as configurações das redes virtuais e urbanas no Amazonas, faz-se necessária a caracterização de suas configurações. Como os dados secundários não são suficientes para descrever as desigualdades geográficas produzidas por essas redes, as idas a campo funcionaram como princípio para a análise da estrutura física existente e da identificação de padrões de semelhanças e diferenças de acesso ao mundo virtual entre os aglomerados urbanos estudados – as cidades de Itacoatiara e Parintins, no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Informações como número de estabelecimentos que oferecem acesso à rede virtual, o tipo de acesso disponível na cidade, a velocidade do acesso, as formas de oferecimento do serviço e a modalidade de acesso do usuário permitiram identificar os eixos que qualificam a infraestrutura, como oferta e qualidade do serviço, além dos diversos tipos de usuários existentes nas cidades. A partir dos resultados coletados nessas duas cidades, visou-se verificar se há uma relação entre a rede urbana e a rede virtual, contribuindo para a geografia urbana do ciberespaço, um tema ainda pouco explorado pela literatura científica brasileira.
A medida do decidir: atuação do STF nos processos de demarcação territorial pós-julgamento da Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol
Authors: Lages Anabelle Santos , Teixeira Assis Wendell Ficher
Published: November 2016

O artigo analisa os desdobramentos sociopolíticos e jurídicos decorrentes da decisão do STF sobre a demarcação da Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol, sobretudo, no que tange às disputas políticas para ampliar a abrangências das dezenove condicionantes formuladas no âmbito do julgamento. Para tanto, expõe as estratégias mobilizadas pelas populações indígenas na tentativa de sensibilizar a opinião pública, ao mesmo tempo em que procuram influir na decisão dos Ministros do Supremo. De maneira complementar, o trabalho escrutina os debates no âmbito do STF que compuseram o julgamento sobre a demarcação de duas terras indígenas que ocorreram pós-decisão do caso Raposa, a saber; Terra Indígena Porquinhos dos Canelas e Terra Indígena Guyraroka. A partir da análise omparativa, pode-se indicar que longe de uma neutralidade jurídica inerente ao ato de decidir, estão em jogo tanto um intricado uso dos instrumentos do direito, como a capacidade de incidência e pressão política levadas a cabo pelas populações indígenas.
Desenvolvimento, planejamento e governança: expressões do debate contemporâneo
Authors: Rodrigues Jondison , Hoshi Simone Shizue da Costa , Curcino Wanderson Dos Anjos , Amaral Vanessa Silva do
Published: November 2016

O livro Desenvolvimento, planejamento e governança: expressões do debate contemporâneo, lança o debate sobre o momento que o Brasil vive neste início de século XXI, a partir da dimensão econômica, politica, social e cultural. O livro também “nasce” de duas outras razões. A primeira razão da construção dessa coletânea/livro deveu-se ao resultado do XV Encontro Nacional da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional (ANPUR), realizado em maio de 2013, em Recife. A segunda razão deve-se a comemoração dos 30 anos da ANPUR. Essa obra busca contribuir para lançar ou mudar aquilo que Alain Corbin deixa implícito (com reflexão profunda), no livro Saberes e odores: o olfato e o imaginário social nos séculos dezoito e dezenove (CORBIN, 1987), ao pontuar sobre a relevância de redefinir o insuportável ou a mudança dos odores. “Cheiros” esses emitidos/produzidos do processo de desenvolvimento econômico europeu no século XVIII e XIX.