bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Wear and Friction Regimes on Ceramic Materials with Positive and Negative Thermal Expansion
Authors: Grigoriev Aleksandr S. , Shilko Evgeny V. , Dmitriev Andrey I. , Tarasov Sergei Y.
Published: September 2023

Computer modeling of rubbing between two surfaces with microasperities capable of expanding or contracting under conditions of frictional heating (i.e., possessing either positive and negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)) allowed for the identification of wear-and-friction regimes on model ceramic materials. Assuming that no adhesion was involved in the interaction between asperities, two wear regimes—i.e., wear-free and continuous wear—have been revealed in both materials as dependent on the applied normal stress level and sliding velocity. The effect of the normal load on wear rate was similar for both positive and negative thermal expansion ceramics. Sliding velocity has a qualitatively different effect on the wear of materials with either positive or negative thermal expansion. The results indicated that the feasibility of reconstructing wear maps was common for both positive and negative CTE ceramics in terms of dimensionless mechanical and thermophysical characteristics.
Study on the Reactivity Activation of Coal Gangue for Efficient Utilization
Authors: Hu Yanshao , Han Xiaoyan , Sun Zuozheng , Jin Peng , Li Keliang , Wang Fuke , Gong Jinwei
Published: September 2023

In this study, the research aim is to enhance the activity index of activated coal gangue and study its activation mechanism. The activation process of coal gangue was optimized through orthogonal tests, and the Back-Propagation (BP) neural network model was improved using a genetic algorithm. With the effects of grinding duration, calcination temperature, and calcination duration, the morphological changes and phase transformation processes of coal gangue were studied at the micro and meso levels to clarify the activation mechanism. The results indicated that the effect of calcination temperature on the strength activity index of coal gangue was most significant, followed by grinding duration and calcination duration. The potential activity of coal gangue can be effectively stimulated through mechanical and thermal activation, and the content of potential active minerals in coal gangue powders was also increased. The activation process of coal gangue for the optimal scheme was obtained as grinding at 76 min first and thermal treatment at 54 min at 749 °C. As the thermal activation under 950 °C, some unstable external hydroxyls, and internal hydroxyls in kaolinite from coal gangue were removed, the AlⅥ-O octahedron was destroyed, and kaolinite was transformed into spatially disordered metakaolinite with very high activity.
Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Cross-Sections Due to Non-Uniformly Distributed Corrosion
Authors: German Magdalena , Pamin Jerzy
Published: September 2023

Corrosion affecting reinforced concrete (RC) structures generates safety and economical problems. This paper is focused on the simulation of corrosion-induced fractures in concrete, whereby non-uniform corrosion growth is taken into account. In particular, the volumetric expansion of rust accumulated around reinforcement bars causes cracking of the surrounding concrete. This phenomenon is simulated using the finite element (FE) method. In the analyses, concrete is described as a fracturing material by using a damage–plasticity model, steel is assumed to be elastic–plastic and rust is modeled as an interface between concrete and steel. The behavior of corrosion products is simulated as interface opening. Two-dimensional FE models of RC cross-sections with 2, 4 or 6 reinforcing bars are considered. Crack formation and propagation is examined. Moreover, interactions between cracks and patterns of possible failure are predicted. The most developed and complex crack pattern occurs around the side reinforcing bar. Conclusions concerning the comparison of results for uniform and non-uniform corrosion distribution as well as the prediction of concrete spalling are formulated.
Polymers and Polymer-Based Materials for the Detection of (Nitro-)explosives
Authors: Taniya Olga S. , Khasanov Albert F. , Sadieva Leila K. , Santra Sougata , Nikonov Igor L. , Al-Ithawi Wahab K. A. , Kovalev Igor S. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: September 2023

Methods for the remote detection of warfare agents and explosives have been in high demand in recent times. Among the several detection methods, fluorescence methods appear to be more convenient due to their low cost, simple operation, fast response time, and naked-eye-visible sensory response. For fluorescence methods, a large variety of fluorescent materials, such as small-molecule-based fluorophores, aggregation-induced emission fluorophores/materials, and supramolecular systems, have been reported in the literature. Among them, fluorescent (bio)polymers/(bio)polymer-based materials have gained wide attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and sensory performance, their ability to recognize explosives via different sensing mechanisms and their combinations, and, finally, the so-called amplification of the sensory response. This review provides the most up-to-date data on the utilization of polymers and polymer-based materials for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs)/nitro-explosives (NEs) in the last decade. The literature data have been arranged depending on the polymer type and/or sensory mechanism.
Intermolecular Interactions as a Measure of Dapsone Solubility in Neat Solvents and Binary Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Cysewski Piotr , Przybyłek Maciej , Jeliński Tomasz
Published: September 2023

Dapsone is an effective antibacterial drug used to treat a variety of conditions. However, the aqueous solubility of this drug is limited, as is its permeability. This study expands the available solubility data pool for dapsone by measuring its solubility in several pure organic solvents: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS: 872-50-4), dimethyl sulfoxide (CAS: 67-68-5), 4-formylmorpholine (CAS: 4394-85-8), tetraethylene pentamine (CAS: 112-57-2), and diethylene glycol bis(3-aminopropyl) ether (CAS: 4246-51-9). Furthermore, the study proposes the use of intermolecular interactions as molecular descriptors to predict the solubility of dapsone in neat solvents and binary mixtures using machine learning models. An ensemble of regressors was used, including support vector machines, random forests, gradient boosting, and neural networks. Affinities of dapsone to solvent molecules were calculated using COSMO-RS and used as input for model training. Due to the polymorphic nature of dapsone, fusion data are not available, which prohibits the direct use of COSMO-RS for solubility calculations. Therefore, a consonance solvent approach was tested, which allows an indirect estimation of the fusion properties. Unfortunately, the resulting accuracy is unsatisfactory. In contrast, the developed regressors showed high predictive potential. This work documents that intermolecular interactions characterized by solute–solvent contacts can be considered valuable molecular descriptors for solubility modeling and that the wealth of encoded information is sufficient for solubility predictions for new systems, including those for which experimental measurements of thermodynamic properties are unavailable.
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Characteristics and Graphitization Mechanism of Diamond in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Chen Yongqian , Zhang Shanghua , Liu Jialin , Zhang Wei , Ma Qingyuan , Wu Xiwang , Guo Shirui , Cui Yinghao , Li Xiaolei , Zheng Bo , Cui Lujun
Published: September 2023

Thermal damage to diamonds is a major limitation in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing of metal matrix diamond composites. In this paper, a numerical simulation model was established to describe the thermal effect of the Diamond-CuSn10 composite on the LPBF process. The simulation results show that the temperature of the diamond presents a double-peak structure, and the double-peak temperature curve shape can be modulated by modifying the laser scanning offset and the size of the diamond powder. And it suggests that the heat of the diamond mainly comes from the transfer of the molten pool. Then, combined with the experimental phenomenon, the mechanism of diamond graphitization in the LPBF process is analyzed. It indicates that since the surface defects of the diamond inhibit the heat conduction of the diamond, the temperature accumulates on the surface, leading to the graphitization of the diamond. Finally, based on this model, the potential of Ti-coated diamonds to prevent and reduce thermal damage in the LPBF process has been extensively studied. It is found that a Ti coating with low thermal conductivity can effectively reduce diamond temperature and improve diamond graphitization resistance. This study can provide a good method and basis for the preliminary selection of LPBF process parameters and the understanding of the graphitization mechanism of diamond tools.
Acceleration of Near-IR Emission through Efficient Surface Passivation in Cd3P2 Quantum Dots
Authors: Smith Logan , Harbison K. Elena , Diroll Benjamin T. , Fedin Igor
Published: September 2023

Fast near-IR (NIR) emitters are highly valuable in telecommunications and biological imaging. The most established NIR emitters are epitaxially grown InxGa1−xAs quantum dots (QDs), but epitaxial growth has several disadvantages. Colloidal synthesis is a viable alternative that produces a few NIR-emitting materials, but they suffer from long photoluminescence (PL) times. These long PL times are intrinsic in some NIR materials (PbS, PbSe) but are attributed to emission from bright trapped carrier states in others. We show that Cd3P2 QDs possess substantial trap emission with radiative times >101 ns. Surface passivation through shell growth or coordination of Lewis acids is shown to accelerate the NIR emission from Cd3P2 QDs by decreasing the amount of trap emission. This finding brings us one step closer to the application of colloidally synthesized QDs as quantum emitters.
Magnetic States and Electronic Properties of Manganese-Based Intermetallic Compounds Mn2YAl and Mn3Z (Y = V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni; Z = Al, Ge, Sn, Si, Pt)
Authors: Marchenkov Vyacheslav V. , Irkhin Valentin Yu.
Published: September 2023

We present a brief review of experimental and theoretical papers on studies of electron transport and magnetic properties in manganese-based compounds Mn2YZ and Mn3Z (Y = V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, etc.; Z = Al, Ge, Sn, Si, Pt, etc.). It has been shown that in the electronic subsystem of Mn2YZ compounds, the states of a half-metallic ferromagnet and a spin gapless semiconductor can arise with the realization of various magnetic states, such as a ferromagnet, a compensated ferrimagnet, and a frustrated antiferromagnet. Binary compounds of Mn3Z have the properties of a half-metallic ferromagnet and a topological semimetal with a large anomalous Hall effect, spin Hall effect, spin Nernst effect, and thermal Hall effect. Their magnetic states are also very diverse: from a ferrimagnet and an antiferromagnet to a compensated ferrimagnet and a frustrated antiferromagnet, as well as an antiferromagnet with a kagome-type lattice. It has been demonstrated that the electronic and magnetic properties of such materials are very sensitive to external influences (temperature, magnetic field, external pressure), as well as the processing method (cast, rapidly quenched, nanostructured, etc.). Knowledge of the regularities in the behavior of the electronic and magnetic characteristics of Mn2YAl and Mn3Z compounds can be used for applications in micro- and nanoelectronics and spintronics.
Pyrolysis of Pine Wood in the Presence of Boron–Nitrogen Compounds
Authors: Stepina Irina , Zheglova Yulia
Published: September 2023

The actuality of this research is determined by the intensification of new ways of processing woody biomass. This requires revealing the impact of various physicochemical factors on the thermal degradation of wood biopolymers. Boron–nitrogen surface modifiers are used for wood antisepsis and we decided to check their effect on flammability. The aim of the research was to evaluate the flame retardant effect of boron–nitrogen surface modifiers of wood in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen was used). The evaluation was carried out by thermal analysis of modified and the control pine wood samples. The thermal analysis included thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and kinetic parameters of thermal degradation. It was found that the flame retardant effect of boron–nitrogen wood surface modifiers was not significantly pronounced in the nitrogen atmosphere. The mechanism of the flame retardant effect of boron–nitrogen compounds is reduced to “shielding” of the surface and increasing the proportion of carbonized residue. On the basis of correlation–regression analysis of kinetic parameters of wood thermodestruction in a nitrogen atmosphere, mathematical models of activation energy dependence on conversion were obtained and substantiated. The developed models can be further applied to calculate the predicted value of wood activation energy in the nitrogen atmosphere at any conversion value.
Adaptively Learned Modeling for a Digital Twin of Hydropower Turbines with Application to a Pilot Testing System
Authors: Wang Hong , Ou Shiqi (Shawn) , Dahlhaug Ole Gunnar , Storli Pål-Tore , Skjelbred Hans Ivar , Vilberg Ingrid
Published: September 2023

In the development of a digital twin (DT) for hydropower turbines, dynamic modeling of the system (e.g., penstock, turbine, speed control) is crucial, along with all the necessary data interface, virtualization, and dashboard designs. Since the DT must mimic the actual dynamics of the hydropower turbine accurately, adaptive learning is required to train these dynamic models online so that the models in the DT can effectively follow the representation of the actual hydropower turbine dynamics accurately and reliably. This study presents an adaptive learning method for obtaining the hydropower turbine models for DT development of hydropower systems using the recursive least squares algorithm. To simplify the formulation, the hydropower turbine under consideration was assumed to operate near a fixed operating point, where the system dynamics can be well represented by a set of linear differential equations with constant parameters. In this context, the well-known six-coefficient model for the Francis turbine was formulated as the starting point to obtain input and output models for the turbine. Then, an adaptive learning mechanism was developed to learn model parameters using real-time data from a hydropower turbine testing system. This led to semi-physical modeling, in which first principles and data-driven modeling are integrated to produce dynamic models for DT development. Applications to a pilot system at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) were made, and the models learned adaptively using the data collected from the university’s pilot system. Desired modeling and validation results were obtained.
Change-Point Detection in the Volatility of Conditional Heteroscedastic Autoregressive Nonlinear Models
Authors: Arrouch Mohamed Salah Eddine , Elharfaoui Echarif , Ngatchou-Wandji Joseph
Published: September 2023

This paper studies single change-point detection in the volatility of a class of parametric conditional heteroscedastic autoregressive nonlinear (CHARN) models. The conditional least-squares (CLS) estimators of the parameters are defined and are proved to be consistent. A Kolmogorov–Smirnov type-test for change-point detection is constructed and its null distribution is provided. An estimator of the change-point location is defined. Its consistency and its limiting distribution are studied in detail. A simulation experiment is carried out to assess the performance of the results, which are compared to recent results and applied to two sets of real data.
Start-Up Strategy-Based Resilience Optimization of Onsite Monitoring Systems Containing Multifunctional Sensors
Authors: Zhao Jiangbin , Zhang Zaoyan , Liang Mengtao , Cao Xiangang , Cai Zhiqiang
Published: September 2023

In nonrepairable multifunctional systems, the lost function of a component can be restored by the same function from another component; therefore, the activation mechanism of redundant functions illustrates that multifunctional systems have resilience features. This study evaluates the resilience of multifunctional systems and analyzes the properties of system resilience first. To determine the optimal start-up strategy, a resilience-oriented start-up strategy optimization model for onsite monitoring systems (OMSs) is established to maximize system resilience under a limited budget. In this study, real-time reliability is regarded as the system performance to evaluate the system resilience, and a two-stage local search based genetic algorithm (TLSGA) is proposed to solve the resilience optimization problem. The results of our numerical experiments show that the TLSGA can more effectively solve the problems for OMSs, with high function failure rates and low component failure rates compared with classical genetic algorithms under 48 systems. Moreover, the optimal combinations of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for an OMS under a limited budget shows that UAVs with a higher carrying capacity should be given priority for selection. Therefore, this study provides an effective solution for determining the optimal start-up strategy to maximize the resilience of OMSs, which is beneficial for OMS configuration.
Design of a Penta-Band Graphene-Based Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber with Fine Sensing Performance
Authors: Lai Runing , Chen Hao , Zhou Zigang , Yi Zao , Tang Bin , Chen Jing , Yi Yougen , Tang Chaojun , Zhang Jianguo , Sun Tangyou
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a new theoretical proposal for a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) terahertz metamaterial absorber with five narrow absorption peaks. The overall structure comprises a sandwich stack consisting of a gold bottom layer, a silica medium, and a single-layer patterned graphene array on top. COMSOL simulation represents that the five absorption peaks under TE polarization are at fI = 1.99 THz (95.82%), fⅡ = 6.00 THz (98.47%), fⅢ = 7.37 THz (98.72%), fⅣ = 8.47 THz (99.87%), and fV = 9.38 THz (97.20%), respectively, which is almost consistent with the absorption performance under TM polarization. In contrast to noble metal absorbers, its absorption rates and resonance frequencies can be dynamically regulated by controlling the Fermi level and relaxation time of graphene. In addition, the device can maintain high absorptivity at 0~50° in TE polarization and 0~40° in TM polarization. The maximum refractive index sensitivity can reach SV = 1.75 THz/RIU, and the maximum figure of merit (FOM) can reach FOMV = 12.774 RIU−1. In conclusion, our design has the properties of dynamic tunability, polarization independence, wide-incident-angle absorption, and fine refractive index sensitivity. We believe that the device has potential applications in photodetectors, active optoelectronic devices, sensors, and other related fields.
Pseudo-Desublimation of AdBlue Microdroplets through Selective Catalytic Reduction System Microchannels and Surfaces
Authors: Picus Claudiu Marian , Mihai Ioan , Suciu Cornel
Published: September 2023

In the present paper, the occurrence and development of the pseudo-desublimation process of AdBlue microdroplets in the microchannels and surfaces of catalytic reduction systems (SCR) are reported. In order to understand how the pseudo-desublimation process develops, the influence of heat flux values on the heat transfer of AdBlue injection was analysed, taking into account the structure of the microchannels inside the SCR and the overall configuration of the installation. The evolution of the AdBlue vapour flow in the SCR system was simulated, as well as the temperature variation along an SCR microchannel through which the mixture flows. An experimental set-up was designed in order to visualise and interpret the processes at the onset of pseudo-desublimation. The results described in this paper confirm the existence of a pseudo-desublimation process that occurs only under certain temperature conditions when AdBlue is injected into SCR systems. The characteristics of the crystals formed and their growth rate depend on the working temperature, which could be controlled by efficient preheating methods immediately after engine start. A better understanding of the process will allow the development of methods of avoiding solid depositions on SCR system components, which has a direct impact on SCR catalyst performance and durability.
Honeycomb-like Ag Nanocavity Array for SERS Observations Using Plasmon-Mediated Chemical Reactions
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Xu Zhen , Wen Jiahong , Zhao Xiaoyu , Gao Renxian , Wang Yaxin
Published: September 2023

Organized two-dimensional polystyrene bead arrays perform ion etching, and protruding nanostructures are created on polystyrene beads due to the shadow effects from the ring beads, leading to nucleus selection and growth in Au nanostructure deposition. Ag nanostructures are prepared via plasmon-mediated chemical reactions (PMCRs), leading to the Ag nanocavity geometry of the honeycomb pattern when the etching time and Ag growth time are tuned. Due to the strong electromagnetic coupling, the Ag honeycomb-shaped nanocavity array works as the SERS substrate with high sensitivity and good repeatability, which is used to detect thiram pesticide residues with a concentration down to 10−9 M.
Metabolic Profiling and Comparative Proteomic Insight in Respect of Amidases during Iprodione Biodegradation
Authors: Donoso-Piñol Pamela , Briceño Gabriela , Evaristo Joseph A. M. , Nogueira Fábio C. S. , Leiva Barbara , Lamilla Claudio , Schalchli Heidi , Diez María Cristina
Published: September 2023

The fungicide iprodione (IPR) (3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl) N-isopropyl-2,4-dioxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamide) is a highly toxic compound. Although IPR has been restricted, it is still being applied in many places around the world, constituting an environmental risk. The biodegradation of IPR is an attractive option for reducing its residues. In this study, we isolated thirteen IPR-tolerant bacteria from a biopurification system designed to treat pesticides. A study of biodegradation using different strains was comparatively evaluated, and the best degradation rate of IPR was presented by Achromobacter sp. C1 with a half-life (T1/2) of 9 days. Based on a nano-LC-MS/MS analysis for the strains, proteins solely expressed in the IPR treatment were identified by highlighting the strain Achromobacter sp. C1, with 445 proteins primarily involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. Differentially expressed protein amidases were involved in six metabolic pathways. Interestingly, formamidase was inhibited while other cyclases, i.e., amidase and mandelamide hydrolase, were overexpressed, thereby minimizing the effect of IPR on the metabolism of strain C1. The dynamic changes in the protein profiles of bacteria that degrade IPR have been poorly studied; therefore, our results offer new insight into the metabolism of IPR-degrading microorganisms, with special attention paid to amidases.
Genetic- and Fiber-Diet-Mediated Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pig Colon Contents and Feces and Their Driving Factors
Authors: Wang Tao , Luo Yuheng , Kong Xiangfeng , Yu Bing , Zheng Ping , Huang Zhiqing , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu , Yan Hui , He Jun
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive studies on the effects of genetics and fiber diets on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) remain scarce. In this study, we analyzed the profiles of ARGs in colonic contents and fecal samples of Taoyuan, Duroc, and Xiangcun pigs (n = 10) fed at different fiber levels. Through macrogenomic analysis, we identified a total of 850 unique types of ARGs and classified them into 111 drug resistance classes. The abundance of partially drug-resistant ARGs was higher in the colonic contents of local pig breeds under a large-scale farming model. ARGs were found to be widely distributed among a variety of bacteria, predominantly in the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Fiber diets reduce the abundance of ARGs in colonic contents and feces, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important drivers in mediating the effect of fiber diets on the abundance of ARGs. In vitro fermentation experiments confirmed that butyric acid significantly reduced the abundance of ARGs. In summary, the results of this study enhanced our understanding of the distribution and composition of ARGs in the colon of different breeds of pigs and revealed that a fiber diet can reduce ARGs in feces through its Butyric acid, providing reference data for environmental safety.
Editorial for Special Issue “Novel Methods and Applications for Mineral Exploration, Volume II”
Authors: Alexandre Paul
Published: September 2023

As already exemplified by the highly successful first volume of this Special Issue, both the theoretical understanding of mineral exploration and its practical application in the field are undergoing a profound and significant transformation [...]
Photoprotective Effects of Processed Ginseng Leaf Administration against UVB-Induced Skin Damage in Hairless Mice
Authors: Son Eunjung , Lee Yun Mi , Kim Seung-Hyung , Kim Dong-Seon
Published: September 2023

Although ginseng leaves contain a larger amount of ginsenosides than the roots, studies on the protective effect of oral administration of ginseng leaves against photoaging are lacking. Processed ginseng leaves (PGL) prepared by acid reaction to increase effective ginsenoside content showed higher levels of Rg3 (29.35 mg/g) and Rk1 (35.16 mg/g) than ginseng leaves (Rg3 (2.14 mg/g) and Rk1 (ND)), and ginsenosides Rg3 and Rk1 were evaluated as active ingredients that protected human keratinocytes against UVB-induced cell damage by increasing cell proliferation and decreasing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and 9 secretion. Herein, the effect of oral PGL administration (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, daily) against photoaging in HR-1 hairless mice was assessed by measuring wrinkle depth, epidermal thickness, and trans-epidermal water loss for 16 weeks. The PGL treatment group showed reduced skin wrinkles, inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, and decreased IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 levels. These data suggest that oral PGL administration inhibits photoaging by inhibiting the expression of MMPs, which degrade collagen, and inhibiting cytokines, which induce inflammatory responses. These results reveal that ginseng leaves processed by acid reaction may serve as potential functional materials with anti-photoaging activities.
Bacterial and Fungal Biocontrol Agents for Plant Disease Protection: Journey from Lab to Field, Current Status, Challenges, and Global Perspectives
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad , Li Cai-Hong , Ali Qurban , Zhao Wei , Chi Yuan-Kai , Shafiq Muhammad , Ali Farman , Yu Xi-Yue , Yu Qing , Zhao Jing-Tian , Yu Jing-Wen , Qi Ren-De , Huang Wen-Kun
Published: September 2023

Plants are constantly exposed to various phytopathogens such as fungi, Oomycetes, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses. These pathogens can significantly reduce the productivity of important crops worldwide, with annual crop yield losses ranging from 20% to 40% caused by various pathogenic diseases. While the use of chemical pesticides has been effective at controlling multiple diseases in major crops, excessive use of synthetic chemicals has detrimental effects on the environment and human health, which discourages pesticide application in the agriculture sector. As a result, researchers worldwide have shifted their focus towards alternative eco-friendly strategies to prevent plant diseases. Biocontrol of phytopathogens is a less toxic and safer method that reduces the severity of various crop diseases. A variety of biological control agents (BCAs) are available for use, but further research is needed to identify potential microbes and their natural products with a broad-spectrum antagonistic activity to control crop diseases. This review aims to highlight the importance of biocontrol strategies for managing crop diseases. Furthermore, the role of beneficial microbes in controlling plant diseases and the current status of their biocontrol mechanisms will be summarized. The review will also cover the challenges and the need for the future development of biocontrol methods to ensure efficient crop disease management for sustainable agriculture.
Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Propolis from Urban Apiaries
Authors: Pobiega Katarzyna , Kot Anna M. , Przybył Jarosław L. , Synowiec Alicja , Gniewosz Małgorzata
Published: September 2023

Bee products from urban apiaries are increasingly used. They are mainly used to promote local apiaries and cities in which they are located. The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of propolis from 6 Polish apiaries located in cities (Legionowo, Torun, Cracow, Warsaw, Katowice, Lodz). The chemical composition was analyzed using liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) and the analysis of antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals (ABTS and DPPH) and FRAP. The obtained results showed the presence of 24 phenolic compounds in propolis extracts. The tested samples showed differentiation in terms of the content of individual chemical components, however, cinnamic acid and its derivatives were dominant. High antioxidant activity of the tested extracts was demonstrated (ABTS was in the range of 16.80–51.53 mg Te/mL, DPPH was in the range of 7.54–22.13 mg Te/mL, while FRAP reduction was in the range of 10.93–29.55 mg Te/mL). The obtained results compared with literature data on propolis from agricultural areas allow to conclude that propolis samples from both Poland types of areas are similar and can be classified as poplar propolis.
A Green Bridge: Enhancing a Multi-Pesticide Test for Food by Phase-Transfer Sample Treatment Coupled with LC/MS
Authors: Jin Shaoming , Shen Yi , Liu Tongtong , Liang Ruiqiang , Ning Xiao , Cao Jin
Published: September 2023

The preparation and treatment of the sample has become an important part of the determination process, which directly affects the accuracy of detection. The preparation of the sample for final detection is actually a process of separation and transfer of the target to be tested from the sample matrix. The phase-transfer process of analysis and detection is the process of transferring the target substance to be measured from a complex multiphase system to a simple homogeneous system. This study shows a new phase-transfer process for food sample pretreatment in the determination of carbamate pesticides. Edible gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan, and gelatin were selected for purification testing from the perspective of eco-friendliness and safety. Phase-transfer purification process research was carried out on spinach and other foods. Compared with the commonly used QuEChERS method, the LC/MS results indicate that the straightforward carrageenan treatment process can significantly diminish the detection matrix effect and yield similarly superior detection parameters. The phase-transfer purification method with carrageenan has similar sensitivity and systematic error. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation of each pesticide compound in six plant sample substrates were 0.02–0.36 μg/kg and 0.06–1.9 μg/kg, respectively, which were lower than the residue limits here and abroad. Supplemental recoveries in six blank samples at 5, 20, and 100 μg/kg with the phase-transfer process method were better than those for the QuEChERS method. Positive determination results of actual samples using carrageenan phase-transfer purification proved that this method can be used for related detection from a practical point of view.
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phenolic Acid-Rich Extract from Hairy Roots of Dracocephalum moldavica
Authors: Weremczuk-Jeżyna Izabela , Gonciarz Weronika , Grzegorczyk-Karolak Izabela
Published: September 2023

This study evaluates the antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory potential of polyphenolic acid-rich fractions of 80% methanolic extract from the hairy roots of Dracocephalum moldavica. The fractionation of the crude extract yielded the following: a diethyl ether fraction rich in caffeic acid (DM1) (25.85 mg/g DWE), an n-butyl fraction rich in rosmarinic acid (DM3) (43.94 mg/g DWE) and a water residue rich in salvianolic acid B (DM4) (51.46 mg/g DWE). The content of these compounds was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their antioxidant activity was evaluated based on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt) and FRAP assays. The anti-inflammatory activity of the fractions was determined by their effect on nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in LPS E. coli stimulated monocytes. The level of pro-inflammatory IL-1β in cells was measured using ELISA. The activation of NF-κB in THP1-Blue™ cells, resulting in the secretion of SEAP (secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase), was detected spectrophotometrically using Quanti-Blue reagent. Among the tested fractions, the diethyl ether fraction (DM1) showed the highest antioxidant potential, with an EC50 value of 15.41 µg/mL in the DPPH assay and 11.47 µg/mL in ABTS and a reduction potential of 10.9 mM Fe(II)/g DWE in FRAP. DM1 at a concentration of 10 mg/mL also efficiently reduced LPS-induced SEAP secretion (53% inhibition) and IL-1β production (47% inhibition) without affecting the normal growth of L929 fibroblast cells.
Isolation, Identification, Activity Evaluation, and Mechanism of Action of Neuroprotective Peptides from Walnuts: A Review
Authors: Zhang Li , Bai Yu-Ying , Hong Zi-Shan , Xie Jing , Tian Yang
Published: September 2023

As human life expectancy increases, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in older adults has increased in parallel. Walnuts contain bioactive peptides with demonstrated neuroprotective effects, making them a valuable addition to the diet. We here present a comprehensive review of the various methods used to prepare, isolate, purify, and identify the neuroprotective peptides found in walnuts. We further summarise the different approaches currently used to evaluate the activity of these peptides in experimental settings, highlighting their potential to reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and promote autophagy, as well as to regulate the gut microflora and balance the cholinergic system. Finally, we offer suggestions for future research concerning bioavailability and improving or masking the bitter taste and sensory properties of final products containing the identified walnut neuroprotective peptides to ensure successful adoption of these peptides as functional food ingredients for neurohealth promotion.
A Large Genetic Causal Analysis of the Gut Microbiota and Urological Cancers: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yin Zhaofa , Liu Bohan , Feng Shijian , He Yushi , Tang Cai , Chen Pengan , Wang Xinyi , Wang Kunjie
Published: September 2023

Background: Several observational studies and clinical trials have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with urological cancers. However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and urological cancers remains to be elucidated due to many confounding factors. Methods: In this study, we used two thresholds to identify gut microbiota GWAS from the MiBioGen consortium and obtained data for five urological cancers from the UK biobank and Finngen consortium, respectively. We then performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with Wald ratio or inverse variance weighted as the main method. We also performed comprehensive sensitivity analyses to verify the robustness of the results. In addition, we performed a reverse MR analysis to examine the direction of causality. Results: Our study found that family Rikenellaceae, genus Allisonella, genus Lachnospiraceae UCG001, genus Oscillibacter, genus Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, genus Eubacterium ruminantium group, genus Ruminococcaceae UCG013, and genus Senegalimassilia were related to bladder cancer; genus Ruminococcus torques group, genus Oscillibacter, genus Barnesiella, genus Butyricicoccus, and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG005 were related to prostate cancer; class Alphaproteobacteria, class Bacilli, family Family XI, genus Coprococcus2, genus Intestinimonas, genus Lachnoclostridium, genus Lactococcus, genus Ruminococcus torques group, and genus Eubacterium brachy group were related to renal cell cancer; family Clostridiaceae 1, family Christensenellaceae, genus Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, genus Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and genus Eubacterium eligens group were related to renal pelvis cancer; family Peptostreptococcaceae, genus Romboutsia, and genus Subdoligranulum were related to testicular cancer. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses proved that our results were reliable. Conclusions: Our study confirms the role of specific gut microbial taxa on urological cancers, explores the mechanism of gut microbiota on urological cancers from a macroscopic level, provides potential targets for the screening and treatment of urological cancers, and is dedicated to providing new ideas for clinical research.
Serum Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids and Risk of Maternal Gestational Diabetes and Adverse Growth Patterns in Offspring
Authors: Li Ninghua , Li Jing , Wang Hui , Qiao Yijuan , Li Weiqin , Gao Ming , Liu Enqing , Yu Zhijie , Hu Gang , Fang Zhongze , Leng Junhong , Yang Xilin
Published: September 2023

Background: To estimate associations of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) in the early trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and estimate associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in offspring. Methods: We established a 1:1 matched case-control study (n = 486) from our cohort of pregnant women, and 401 children were followed up at ages 1 to 8 years. We conducted binary conditional logistic regression to estimate the risk associations of serum SAAs with GDM. Multinomial logistic regression was implemented to explore associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in the offspring. Results: High serum methionine and cystine were independently associated with increased GDM risk (OR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.18–3.13 and 2.69, 1.59–4.53). Conversely, a low level of serum taurine was independently associated with increased GDM risk (2.61, 1.64–4.16). Maternal high cystine and low taurine were also associated with an increased risk of persistent obesity growth pattern (POGP) in offspring (OR: 2.79, 95%CI: 1.09–7.17 and 3.92, 1.11–13.89) and the effect was largely independent of GDM. Conclusions: High serum methionine, cystine and low serum taurine in the early trimester of pregnancy were associated with a greatly increased risk of GDM. Maternal high cystine and low taurine were associated with elevated risk of offspring POGP, largely independent of GDM.
The Relationships between Various Factors and Sleep Status: A Cross-Sectional Study among Healthy Saudi Adults
Authors: AL-Musharaf Sara , Albedair Basmah , Alfawaz Waad , Aldhwayan Madhawi , Aljuraiban Ghadeer S.
Published: September 2023

Impaired sleep can adversely affect daily life. This study assesses the association between different factors and sleep status among apparently healthy Saudi adults. In total, 478 adults were included in this study. Data on anthropometrics, body composition, stress scales, physical activity, and dietary habits were collected. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured. Sleep quality and duration were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Larger neck circumference (NC) was associated with short sleep duration (odds ratio (OR) 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.08, 1.41]; p = 0.002). Higher triglyceride levels were associated with poor sleep quality (OR 1.01; 95% CI [1.002, 1.02]; p = 0.019) and short sleep duration (OR 1.01; 95% CI [1.004, 1.02]; p = 0.005). Stress was a risk factor for poor sleep quality (OR 1.15; 95% CI [1.09, 1.22]; p < 0.001). Being married was significantly associated with good sleep quality (OR 2.97; 95% CI [1.32, 6.71]; p = 0.009), while being single was correlated with longer sleep duration (OR 0.46; 95% CI [0.22, 0.96]; p = 0.039). Other factors such as having a larger waist circumference and more muscle mass were protective factors against poor sleep quality and/or short sleep duration. In conclusion, a larger NC is suggested as a risk factor for short sleep duration and a higher triglyceride level for both short and poor sleep among healthy Saudis. Investigating the factors associated with sleep status may help alleviate sleep disturbances and improve overall health. Further studies are needed to confirm causality using objective sleep measures.
Hematinic Potential of Olive Leaf Extract: Evidence from an In Vivo Study in Mice and a Pilot Study in Healthy Human Volunteers
Authors: Kondo Shinji , Ferdousi Farhana , Zhao Jinchang , Suidasari Sofya , Yokozawa Miki , Yamauchi Ken , Tominaga Ken-ichi , Isoda Hiroko
Published: September 2023

Natural resources have recently received considerable attention as complementary or alternative hematinic agents. In this regard, olive leaf extract, which is rich in bioactive phenolic compounds, has been reported to induce erythroid differentiation in human hematopoietic stem cells. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore the potential hematinic properties of aqueous olive leaf extract (WOL) in vivo. After 24 days of administering WOL to healthy mice orally, red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit, reticulocyte, and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) showed a significant increase. Additionally, WOL promoted plasma iron levels and the expression of splenic ferroportin (Fpn), an iron transporter. Additionally, a single-arm pilot study involving a limited number of healthy volunteers was conducted to assess WOL’s feasibility, compliance, and potential benefits. Following an 8-week intervention with WOL, RBC count and hemoglobin level were significantly increased. Notably, there were no significant changes in the safety measures related to liver and kidney functions. Furthermore, we identified oleuropein and oleuroside as the active components in WOL to induce erythroid differentiation in the K562 cell line. Altogether, our study presents evidence of the hematinic potential of WOL in the in vivo studies, opening up exciting possibilities for future applications in preventing or treating anemia.
Cross-Sector Partnerships for Improved Cooking Skills, Dietary Behaviors, and Belonging: Findings from a Produce Prescription and Cooking Education Pilot Program at a Federally Qualified Health Center
Authors: Ylitalo Kelly R. , Janda Kathryn M. , Clavon Reanna , Raleigh-Yearby Sheri , Kaliszewski Catherine , Rumminger Jade , Hess Burritt , Walter Katie , Cox Wendy
Published: September 2023

Participant engagement, psychosocial factors, and dietary behaviors are important components of “Food as Medicine” and cooking education programs. The purpose of this study is to describe a multidisciplinary cooking program at a Federally Qualified Health Center in central Texas. During biannual harvest seasons (2022–2023), patients participated in four or six weekly 1.5 h hands-on cooking classes with shared meals, education, and produce delivery. Pretest–posttest surveys assessed sociodemographic information, health, psychosocial factors, and dietary behaviors; follow-up assessed group cohesion/sense of community in classes. Survey data were described using means and proportions. Across four cohorts, participants (n = 33; mean age: 45 ± 16 years) were 30% Hispanic/Latino, 18% non-Hispanic Black, and 52% non-Hispanic White; on average, participants attended 66% of sessions. Increases in cooking self-efficacy (p < 0.001) and diet-related self-management strategies (p < 0.001) were observed for those with follow-up data (n = 16); further, 44% reported increased vegetable consumption. All participants (100%) reported feeling like a valued member of their cooking group and 94% reported high levels of belonging. In a diverse community health center serving low-income patients, provision of produce and cooking education classes supported strategies to improve diet-related confidence, skills, and behavior. Cross-sector partnership within a health care setting may help patients and physicians prioritize nutrition and food access.
Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Several Garlic Forms
Authors: Farhat Zeinab , Scheving Tyler , Aga Diana S. , Hershberger Pamela A. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Hageman Blair Rachael , Mammen Manoj J. , Mu Lina
Published: September 2023

It is hypothesized that garlic, Allium sativum, might protect against oxidative stress that causes damage to cells and tissues leading to the development of various health conditions including cancer. However, it is not known whether garlic’s potential anticancer benefits differ by form of garlic consumed. This study aimed to quantify and compare the in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of several garlic forms in water and alcohol extracts including fresh garlic, fresh garlic set aside, heated garlic, heated garlic set aside, garlic powder, black garlic, two commercially available garlic supplements. Antioxidant activity of different garlic forms were measured using three assays: DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay, superoxide assay, and hydroxyl assay. In vitro effects of garlic extracts were investigated against the most common lung cancer subtypes: H520, H1975, and A549 cell lines using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Among free radical scavenging assays, Garlicin®, a commercially available supplement, displayed high antioxidant activity in water and alcohol extracts (DPPH assay: 2.02 mg AAE (mg ascorbic acid equivalent)/g garlic and 3.53 mg AAE/g garlic, respectively; superoxide assay: 6.73 mg AAE/g garlic and 7.13 mg AAE/g garlic, respectively). In the hydroxyl assay, water extract of fresh garlic crushed and set aside for 10 min showed the highest antioxidant activity. Garlicin® alcohol extract and fresh garlic water extracts strongly inhibited the proliferation of H1975, A549 and H520 cells. Other forms of garlic including garlic powder and black garlic exhibited low antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. Our results demonstrate that the preparation and processing methods of garlic may lead to different antioxidant benefits.