bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atención a la diversidad de calidad
Authors: Muñoz Cantero Jesús Miguel , Ríos de Deus María Paula , Espiñeira Bellón Eva María
Published: July 2020

RESUMENExisten numerosos trabajos sobre temas de calidad educativa. Parece necesario reflexionar sobre aspectos que, en principio, no afectan de manera directa a toda la comunidad educativa: la atención a la diversidad y las necesidades educativas especiales (NEE). Elaboramos unos instrumentos para identificar aquellos elementos que pudieran ser identificativos de una atención a la diversidad de calidad y para que el profesorado, familia, inspección educativa, ... nos diesen su opinión sobre ello. Partiendo de lo anterior: a) Se enfocó hacia la atención a la diversidad en los centros educativos de educación secundaria integrando aspectos referentes a la planificación, organización, materiales, ... b) Se estructura de forma similar al modelo CIPP de Stufflebeam (Context, Input, Process, Product) para analizar los aspectos contextuales, de entrada y recursos que condicionan una atención de calidad para evaluar la utilidad y calidad de los resultados obtenidos.ABSTRACTThere are many works about quality education themes. It seems necessary think about some aspects that, at the beginning do not affect in a direct way to all educative community: the attention to the diversity and special educative necessities. We elaborated an instrument to identify those elements which could be identificatives of an attention to the quality diversify and for teachers, family, educative inspection, ... give us their opinion about them. a) It was focused towards the attention of diversity in the educative centers of primary and secondary education including aspects which make reference to planification, organisation and materials. b) It is structured in a similar way to the model CIPP of Stufflebeam (Context, Input, Process, Product) to analyse the contextual aspects of entry and and materials which cause an quality attention and evaluate the utility and quality of got results.
La orientación en Educación Secundaria: una perspectiva cualitativa desde los orientadores
Authors: Boza Carreño Ángel
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEste trabajo desarrolla un análisis cualitativo de la orientación educativa desde la perspectiva de los orientadores de Educación Secundaria. La metodología usada ha sido la entrevista en profundidad. Como resultado hallamos un sistema de categorías que nos describe la orientación desde sus inquietudes, preocupaciones y vivencias como profesionales de la orientación.ABSTRACTThis work develops a qualitative analysis of counseling from the perspective of the secondary school counselors. The used methodology has been the interview in depth. As result we found a system of categories that describes the counseling from its restlessness, preoccupations and experiences to us like professionals of counseling.
Evaluar “para” el aprendizaje, aprender para estar motivado: el orden de los factores sí afecta al producto
Authors: Alonso Tapia Jesús , De la Red Fadrique Iván
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEste estudio analiza los efectos de la introducción de nuevos procedimientos de evaluación en la motivación. 113 alumnos de Geografía (3º ESO) recibieron enseñanza en la solución de problemas de Geografía mediante tareas que permitían identificar la raíz de sus dificultades y darles retroalimentación precisa. Posteriormente, en lugar de evaluar el conocimiento de conceptos y hechos, se evaluó la comprensión mediante tareas análogas a las utilizadas en el entrenamiento ‑tareas de transferencia‑, y se examinó el valor motivacional que los alumnos atribuían al nuevo modo de evaluación. Los resultados muestran las ventajas y limitaciones del mismo y permiten extraer consecuencias para la Orientación Educativa.ABSTRACTThis study analyses the effects of introducing new assessment procedures on learning motivation. 113 Secondary School students (9th grade) were trained in applying geographical knowledge to solving Geography problems. Tasks used allowed to identify the causes of learning difficulties and to give precise feedback and help. Then, comprehension was assessed using new analogue tasks ‑transfer tasks‑. Students were asked about interest and motivation aroused by the new assessment procedures. Results have shown both the positive effects, and limitations of these procedures, and have important implications for Educational Guidance.
Diferencias cognitivas en el proceso de aprendizaje de la lectura
Authors: Sacristán Romero Francisco
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl objetivo principal se ha centrado en descubrir si los alumnos de enseñanza secundaria distinguen entre leer un texto y comprender su filosofía o ideas básicas. La metodología principal que se ha utilizado ha sido la realización de un cuestionario, basado en diferentes textos de prensa y su posterior codificación y análisis por grupos de edad. Respecto a los resultados y conclusiones más relevantes del estudio, describir que los lectores de menor edad y por ello, en principio, más novatos, realizan una lectura cuyos procesos son más simples, inmaduros y en algunos casos incompletos.ABSTRACTThe main objective has been centred in discovering if the students of secondary education distinguish between reading a text and understanding their basic philosophy or ideas. The main methodology has been the accomplishment of a questionnaire, based in different texts of press and their later codification and analysis by age groups. In relation to the results and conclusions more excellent of the study, to describe that the readers of smaller age and for that reason, in principle, more inexperienced, make a reading whose processes are simpler, immature and in some incomplete cases.
Evaluación de las medidas de atención a la diversidad en la Educación Primaria en Galicia: impacto escolar
Authors: Domínguez Alonso José , Pino Juste Margarita R.
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad analizar el uso de las diferentes medidas de atención a la diversidad del alumnado en la Comunidad Autónoma Gallega a través de una escala diseñada para el efecto. Los resultados obtenidos indican una elevada presencia de las medidas ordinarias frente a las extraordinarias. Además dentro de las medidas ordinarias se manifiesta un predominio del refuerzo educativo (RE). También reseñar, que no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas de las medidas de atención a la diversidad con respecto a las variables independientes (género, edad, experiencia, titulación y sistema de acceso), obteniendo una elevada consistencia interna en la escala elaborada (EMAD). ABSTRACT The aim this study is to analyze the use of different approaches to address students diversity in the Autonomous Region of Galicia, through a scale designed for that effect. The main purpose of this scale is to evaluate current approaches in the educational system, especially those in the of the primary education level. Results indicate that, ordinary approaches are present more often that extraordinary approaches. Furthermore, there is a predominance of the educational reinforcement (RE). It is also outlined that there were not statistically significant differences between different approaches regarding the independent variables (sex, age, experience, qualifications and access routes), obtaining a high internal consistency in the elaborated scale (EMAD). This article justifies the need of a constant review of the existing needs in educational canters to be able to establish educational and formative coherent answers for the diversity of students. Consequently, the final model of integration-inclusion school must be the response to the diversity from ordinary education, giving a common offer to all students and at the same time differentiated answers for each one of them, adjusted to their individual characteristics.
Elaboración y validación de un instrumento diagnóstico para la percepción de las competencias emocionales en estudiantes universitarios de Educación
Authors: Josefa Iglesias Cortizas María Josefa
Published: July 2020

RESUMENExiste un creciente interés en el diseño de instrumentos que posibiliten la identificación y evaluación de las competencias profesionales, personales o sistémicas, diseñadas en el Proyecto Tuning, bajo las directrices de la Declaración de Bolonia (1999), que regulan el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.El artículo tiene como propósito aportar un mayor conocimiento sobre las competencias emocionales en jóvenes universitarios de educación mediante la identificación de factores que permitan proponer un modelo de competencias aplicable, fiable y válido para su aplicación. En el estudio participaron 571 estudiantes universitarios con edades comprendidas e 17 y 39 años (M = 20,44 y SD = 5,012), pertenecientes a las siete titulaciones de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de La Coruña (Spain). Se diseñó un cuestionario, con una serie de elementos que pretenden identificar la percepción de las competencias emocionales, que posibilitó la recogida y posterior análisis de datos. El instrumento es de tipo Lickert con 4 categorías o alternativas de respuesta que van desde nada o nunca hasta mucho o siempre. Los niveles de fiabilidad interna (α = 0,765) y validez de constructo resultan aceptables. Se propone un modelo en función de los resultados del análisis factorial (10 factores explican casi un 60% de la información), se crearon matrices de correlación con variables control para contrastar la fiabilidad de la respuesta obtenida, la validez convergente y discriminante y, finalmente, la capacidad de explicación factorial.ABSTRACTThere is growing interest in designing instruments that will enable the identification and evaluation of professional skills, personal or systemic, designed in the Tuning Project, under the guidelines of the Bologna Declaration (1999), which regulate the European Higher Education Area. The paper aims to provide a better understanding of emotional competencies in young university education by identifying factors that enable it to propose a model of competencies applicable, reliable and valid for your application. The study involved 571 students and university students aged 17 and 39 years (M = 20.44 and SD = 5.012), belonging to the seven degrees of Educational Sciences at the University of La Coruña (Spain). A questionnaire was designed with a series of elements that seek to identify the perception of emotional competencies, which enabled the collection and subsequent data analysis. The instrument is Lickert type with 4 categories or response alternatives ranging from no or never to much or always. The levels of internal reliability (α = .765) and construct validity are acceptable. A model based on the results of factor analysis (10 factors explain about 60% of data), correlation matrices were created to control variables to test the reliability of the response, the convergent and discriminate validity, and finally, the explanatory power factor.
El abuso de autoridad docente: desarrollo de un instrumento de medida
Authors: Hernández Arriaza Marta , Prieto Ursúa María
Published: July 2020

RESUMENActualmente no existen antecedentes de herramientas robustas de evaluación del Abuso de Autoridad Docente en el contexto español. El objetivo del estudio es presentar el proceso de desarrollo de la Escala de Abuso de Autoridad Docente Percibido (EAADP) así como plantear un modelo de medida que permita estructurar teóricamente la escala. La escala fue aplicada a una muestra de 306 estudiantes de Madrid capital con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 18 años. Los resultados muestran que el instrumento obtiene adecuados valores de consistencia interna y el análisis factorial sustenta la estructura multidimensional propuesta para la escala. El modelo final consta de cuatro factores de primer orden, o estilos de abuso (distante, degradante, sancionador y arbitrario), y una variable latente denominada Abuso de Autoridad Docente (AAD). Además, el AAD correlaciona negativamente con el bienestar personal y académico de los alumnos. La EAADP permite medir con validez y fiabilidad el abuso de autoridad docente percibido por los alumnos a lo largo de su escolaridad.ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the unfair treatment some teachers have with their students, abusing their authority and consequences on personal and academic welfare. Currently there is no history of robust assessment tools of Teacher’s Abuse of Authority in the Spanish context. The aim of the study is to present the development process of the Scale of Perceived Teacher Abuse of Authority (EAADP) and propose a model to structure theoretically the scale. The scale was applied to a sample of 306 students in Madrid, aged between 14 and 18 years. The results show that the instrument obtains adequate values of internal consistency and factor analysis supports the proposal for the scale multidimensional structure. The final model consists of four first-order factors or styles of abuse (distant, degrading, punitive and arbitrary), and a latent variable named Teacher Abuse of Authority (AAD). In addition, the AAD negatively correlated with personal and academic wellbeing of students. EAADP measures with validity and reliability the teacher abuse of authority perceived by students throughout their schooling.
Qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica: estudo transversal
Authors: Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues da , Porto Ana Cláudia , Mendes Larissa L , Gomes Flávia SL , Araujo Lauro PF de , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Analizar los factores que influyeron en la calidad de vida (CV) de los pacientes después de la cirugía bariátrica. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en el que participaron 307 pacientes adultos con cirugía bariátrica entre 2012 y 2014. Se han obtenido los datos de los registros electrónicos de los pacientes y de sus entrevistas telefónicas. Después se construyó un modelo de regresión lineal simple, ajustado por variables sociodemográficas, con p <0.05. Para evaluar la CV, se utilizó la Calidad de Vida Breve de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHOQOL-bref). Resultados: Los dominios con las peores puntuaciones fueron el físico (media = 58,45; SD ± 10,42) y ambiental (media = 65,19; SD ± 11,36). Los mejores dominios fueron el social (media = 76.51; SD ± 15.71) y psicológico (media = 68.70; SD ± 15.71). En el modelo de regresión lineal, se observó que el tiempo desde la cirugía se asoció inversamente con el dominio de la salud física. Por cada mes posterior a la cirugía bariátrica, el puntaje promedio del paciente se redujo en 2.66 puntos, ajustado por sexo y edad. Conclusión: El tiempo transcurrido desde la cirugía puede ser un determinante importante de la puntuación del dominio físico de la calidad de vida. Identificar la calidad de vida después de la cirugía bariátrica y los factores influyentes es fundamental para preparar a estos pacientes para los cambios derivados de la pérdida de peso.

Purpose: Analyze factors that influenced the quality of life (QoL) of patients after bariatric surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 307 adult bariatric surgery patients between 2012 and 2014. Data was obtained from the electronic patient records and telephone interviews. To assess the QoL, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-bref) was used. A simple linear regression model was constructed, adjusted by sociodemographic variables, with p<0.05. Results: The domains with the worst scores were the physical (mean=58.45; SD±10.42) and environmental (mean=65.19; SD±11.36). The best domains were the social (mean=76.51; SD±15.71) and psychological (mean=68.70; SD±15.71). In the linear regression model, it was observed that time since the surgery was inversely associated with the physical health domain. For each month post-bariatric surgery, the patient’s average score dropped by 2.66 points, adjusted by sex and age. Conclusions: Time since the surgery could be an important determinant of the physical domain score of quality of life. Identifying the quality of life after bariatric surgery and influential factors is fundamental to prepare these patients for the changes deriving from the weight loss.
Adicción a la comida y estado nutricional en adolescentes de una preparatoria pública en México
Authors: Guevara Valtier Milton Carlos , Ruíz-González Karla Judith , Pacheco-Pérez Luis Arturo , Santos Flores Jesús Melchor , González de la Cruz Patricia , Sánchez García Ana Belén
Published: July 2020

Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia de la adicción a la comida de acuerdo a la edad, sexo e índice de masa corporal, y determinar la asociación entre la adicción a la comida y el estado nutricional en adolescentes del norte de México. Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, realizado durante agosto y septiembre de 2018. La población se conformó por 630 adolescentes estudiantes de 15 a 17 años de edad, de una preparatoria pública en Nuevo León, México, a los que se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se empleó el cuestionario Yale Food Addiction Scale. Resultados: Una muestra de 245 adolescentes, predominando el sexo femenino (53,1%), con una edad media de 15,83 años, la media de índice de masa corporal fue de 23,18 kg/mt2 (S = 3,74) en hombres y 24,57 kg/mt2 (S = 4,00) en mujeres. El 87,8% de los adolescentes presentó positivo el criterio “deseo frustrado de parar el consumo”, el 36,3% la tolerancia, y el 34,3% el consumo a pesar de las consecuencias. El 20,7% de los adolescentes con sobrepeso presentan adicción a la comida. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los adolescentes presentan peso normal, las mujeres presentaron un índice de masa corporal mayor que el de los hombres, menos de la mitad de los participantes presenta adicción a la comida predominando los criterios positivos en mujeres, adolescentes en condición de sobrepeso, obesidad y de mayor edad. No se encontró asociación entre adicción a la comida y estado nutricional.

Objective: To know the prevalence of food addiction according to age, sex, and body mass index and to determine the association between food addiction and nutritional status in adolescents from northern México. Method: Cross-sectional study with a descriptive and correlational design, carried out during August and September 2018; the study population was comprised by 630 adolescents, students, ranging from 15 to 17 years of age, from a public high school in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the Yale Food Addiction Scale questionnaire was used. Results: A sample of 245 adolescents predominantly female (53.1%), with a mean age of 15.83 years; mean body mass index was 23.18 kg/mt2 (S = 3.74) in males and 24.57 kg/mt2 (S = 4.00) in females; 87.8% of adolescents showed positive to the frustrated desire to stop consumption criterion, 36.3% tolerance, and 34.3% consumption despite the consequences; 20.7% of overweight adolescents showed food addiction. Conclusions: The majority of adolescents showed normal weight, while women showed a body mass index (BMI) higher than men; less than half of the participants had food addiction; positive criteria prevailed in women, and adolescents with overweight and obesity, and older. No association was found between food addiction and nutritional status.
Variáveis associadas a eventos adversos em neonatos com cateter central de inserção periférica
Authors: Prado Nanete  Caroline da Costa , Stefany da Costa Santos Rebecca , Hévillyn Silva Costa Almino Romanniny , Morais de Lima Dhyanine , Silva de Oliveira Sylvia , Augusto Rosendo da Silva Richardson
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados con la aparición de eventos adversos en el catéter de inserción central periférica en recién nacidos.Métodos: Un estudio transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo realizado en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de un hospital de maternidad de referencia en atención materna e infantil de alto riesgo en el noreste de Brasil. Muestra de 108 neonatos recolectados de febrero a noviembre de 2016.Resultados: La prevalencia de eventos adversos en los recién nacidos fue del 53,70%, asociada a las siguientes variables: sexo masculino (p = 0,033), peso inferior a 2500 gramos (p = 0,003), inserción después de 48 horas (p = 0,027), más de tres intentos de punción (p = 0,024), dificultad de progresión del catéter (p = 0,040), presencia de intercurrencias durante la inserción del catéter (p = 0,027), sobre dos cambios de apósito = 0.009) y ubicación no central del dispositivo (p = 0.042).Conclusión: Los resultados indican la necesidad de estrategias para la prevención de eventos adversos, con énfasis en la educación continua y el mejoramiento de habilidades en la gestión de este dispositivo.

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events by a peripherally inserted central catheter in newborns. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study carried out in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a reference maternity hospital in high-risk maternal and child care in Northeast Brazil. The sample of 108 neonates was collected from February to November 2016. Results: The prevalence of adverse events in newborns was 53.70%, associated with the following variables: male gender (p=0.033), weight below 2500 grams (p=0.003), insertion performed after 48 hours of life (p=0.027), more than three puncture attempts (p=0.024), difficulty in inserting the catheter (p=0.040), intercurrence during catheter insertion (p=0.027), over two dressing changes (p=0.009), and non-central position of the device (p=0.042). Conclusion: The results indicate the need for strategies to prevent adverse events, with emphasis on continuing education and on the improvement of skills regarding the use of this device.
Assessment of biomass potentials of microalgal communities in open pond raceways using mass cultivation
Authors: Jo Seung-Woo , Do Jeong-Mi , Na Ho , Hong Ji Won , Kim Il-Sup , Yoon Ho-Sung
Published: July 2020

Metagenome studies have provided us with insights into the complex interactions of microorganisms with their environments and hosts. Few studies have focused on microalgae-associated metagenomes, and no study has addressed aquatic microalgae and their bacterial communities in open pond raceways (OPRs). This study explored the possibility of using microalgal biomasses from OPRs for biodiesel and biofertilizer production. The fatty acid profiles of the biomasses and the physical and chemical properties of derived fuels were evaluated. In addition, the phenotype-based environmental adaptation ability of soybean plants was assessed. The growth rate, biomass, and lipid productivity of microalgae were also examined during mass cultivation from April to November 2017. Metagenomics analysis using MiSeq identified ∼127 eukaryotic phylotypes following mass cultivation with (OPR 1) or without (OPR 3) a semitransparent film. Of these, ∼80 phylotypes were found in both OPRs, while 23 and 24 phylotypes were identified in OPRs 1 and 3, respectively. The phylotypes belonged to various genera, such as Desmodesmus, Pseudopediastrum, Tetradesmus, and Chlorella, of which, the dominant microalgal species was Desmodesmus sp. On average, OPRs 1 and 3 produced ∼8.6 and 9.9 g m−2 d−1 (0.307 and 0.309 DW L−1) of total biomass, respectively, of which 14.0 and 13.3 wt% respectively, was lipid content. Fatty acid profiling revealed that total saturated fatty acids (mainly C16:0) of biodiesel obtained from the microalgal biomasses in OPRs 1 and 3 were 34.93% and 32.85%, respectively; total monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1 and C18:1) were 32.40% and 31.64%, respectively; and polyunsaturated fatty acids (including C18:3) were 32.68% and 35.50%, respectively. Fuel properties determined by empirical equations were within the limits of biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Culture solutions with or without microalgal biomasses enhanced the environmental adaptation ability of soybean plants, increasing their seed production. Therefore, microalgal biomass produced through mass cultivation is excellent feedstock for producing high-quality biodiesel and biofertilizer.
Perfil clínico e demográfico de crianças e adolescentes portadores de estomia atendidos em serviço de referência - Clinical and demographic profile of children and adolescents with ostomy treated at a reference service
Authors: Koeppe Giselle Barcellos Oliveira , Ferreira Ariana Dias , Soares Jennifer Souza , Cerqueira Luciana Da Costa Nogueira , Torres Viviane Cristina da Paz , Oliveira Priscila Pradonoff
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: levantar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes com estomia atendidos em um serviço de referência. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo realizado em 13 prontuários de crianças e adolescentes estomizados atendidos em serviço de referência. Resultados: 38,4% eram lactentes e 30,8% pré-escolares. 76,9% eram do sexo masculino, 53.8% eram brancos, 23,1% tem renda familiar de até um salário mínimo e 76,9% têm a mãe como cuidadora. 38,4% tem a imperfuração anal como a causa mais comum da estomia. 100% das crianças tem colostomia, 53,8% tem o estoma em  caráter temporário e 46,2% apresentou a dermatite de contato como complicação. Conclusão: o estudo demonstrou uma prevalência de lactentes e pré-escolares, do sexo masculino, da raça branca. A imperfuração anal emergiu como a causa mais comum do estoma e a dermatite de contato foi considerada a complicação mais comum.
Drift‐Diffusion Study of the IQE Roll‐Off in Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs
Authors: Rossi Daniele , Palazzo Daniele , Di Carlo Aldo , Auf der Maur Matthias
Published: July 2020

A detailed optical and electrical investigation of a blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐based organic light emitting diode (OLED) is performed by drift‐diffusion simulations. Calculation of the charge transport of the different carrier populations in the device is used to predict and investigate the current–voltage characteristics and the resulting internal radiative emission profile. The explicit modeling of both singlet and exciton states of the TADF emitter combined with the inclusion of proper models for band‐to‐band transitions, bimolecular recombination mechanisms, and intersystem crossing allows to investigate the kinetics of fluorescence by thermal activation. The investigation provides insights into the role of triplet–triplet annihilation and triplet–polaron quenching for the roll‐off in internal quantum efficiency.
Scheduling of crude oil refinery operation with desalting as a separate task
Authors: Bayu Feleke , Shaik Munawar A. , Ramteke Manojkumar
Published: July 2020

A crude oil refining is a capital intensive process and releases a huge amount of environmentally unfriendly side‐products. Scheduling of crude oil that determines the optimal unloading of crude from vessels to storages, transfer to blending tanks, and charging to distillation units (CDUs) in a way that minimizes the total operating cost has become the focus of the studies in the last few decades. In this paper, we present a model that extends the literature work of a unit‐specific event‐based model to incorporate desalting as a separate task and allows a desalting tank to feed multiple CDUs. The formulation is based on a state task network (STN) that uses a unit‐specific event‐based time representation. It considers different scenarios like simultaneous or sequential discharging of products and by‐products from a desalting tank and whether a desalting tank feeding to multiple CDUs is allowed simultaneously or not. The proposed model leads a step closure to the reality and enables to know the amount of wash water needed, and the sludge disposed off for treatment in addition to the ordinary crude oil scheduling formulation. The performance of the proposed formulation is demonstrated using four case studies.
Cross‐modal retrieval with dual multi‐angle self‐attention
Authors: Li Wenjie , Zheng Yi , Zhang Yuejie , Feng Rui , Zhang Tao , Fan Weiguo
Published: July 2020

In recent years, cross‐modal retrieval has been a popular research topic in both fields of computer vision and natural language processing. There is a huge semantic gap between different modalities on account of heterogeneous properties. How to establish the correlation among different modality data faces enormous challenges. In this work, we propose a novel end‐to‐end framework named Dual Multi‐Angle Self‐Attention (DMASA) for cross‐modal retrieval. Multiple self‐attention mechanisms are applied to extract fine‐grained features for both images and texts from different angles. We then integrate coarse‐grained and fine‐grained features into a multimodal embedding space, in which the similarity degrees between images and texts can be directly compared. Moreover, we propose a special multistage training strategy, in which the preceding stage can provide a good initial value for the succeeding stage and make our framework work better. Very promising experimental results over the state‐of‐the‐art methods can be achieved on three benchmark datasets of Flickr8k, Flickr30k, and MSCOCO.
Harnessing energy from Australian dairy waste: utilizing five methodologies
Authors: Arefin Md A. , Nabi Md N. , McIntosh Shane
Published: July 2020

As dairy industries increase across Australia, the amount of dairy waste is also on the rise. Australia annually production stands at around 377 727 t of cheese, 273 425 t of milk powder and 92 698 t of butter, and it is the third largest exporter of milk. The waste produced by these industries is considered a potentially valuable resource, and an environmental pollutant if not appropriately managed. The focus of this review is to evaluate the potential of converting typical Australian dairy industry waste into sustainable energy. Five fundamental methods including transesterification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, steam reforming, and hydrothermal carbonization are discussed. Their technological merits, demerits and adaptability from the perspective of Australia are examined. The properties of representative wastes are also considered for the different energy conversion processes. This review aims to highlight the potential use of dairy industry wastes as feedstock for the emerging renewable energy sector. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A CFD model for predicting protein aggregation in low‐pH virial inactivation for mAb production
Authors: Xing Zizhuo , Jin Weixin , Xu Xuankuo , Song Yuanli , Huang Chao , Borys Michael C. , Ghose Sanchayita , Li Zheng Jian
Published: July 2020

Significant amounts of soluble product aggregates were observed in the low‐pH viral inactivation (VI) operation during an initial scale‐up run for an immunoglobulin‐G 4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody (mAb IgG4‐N1). Being earlier in development, a scale‐down model did not exist, nor was it practical to use costly Protein A eluate (PAE) for testing the VI process at scale, thus, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based high‐molecular weight (HMW) prediction model was developed for troubleshooting and risk mitigation. It was previously reported that the IgG4‐N1 molecules upon exposure to low pH tend to change into transient and partially unfolded monomers during VI acidification (i.e., VIA) and form aggregates after neutralization (i.e., VIN). Therefore, the CFD model reported here focuses on the VIA step. The model mimics the continuous addition of acid to PAE and tracks acid distribution during VIA. Based on the simulated low‐pH zone (≤pH 3.3) profiles and PAE properties, the integrated low‐pH zone (ILPZ) value was obtained to predict HMW level at the VI step. The simulations were performed to examine the operating parameters, such as agitation speed, acid addition rate, and protein concentration of PAE, of the pilot scale (50–200 L) runs. The conditions with predictions of no product aggregation risk were recommended to the real scale‐up runs, resulted in 100% success rate of the consecutive 12 pilot‐scale runs. This study demonstrated that the CFD‐based HMW prediction model could be used as a tool to facilitate the scale up of the low‐pH VI process directly from bench to pilot/production scale.
Variation in descriptors of patient characteristics in randomized clinical trials of peptic ulcer repair: a systematic review
Authors: Lee M J , Coe P O , O'Donoghue R , Peirson M , Saha A
Published: July 2020

Background

The ability to compare findings across surgical research is important. Inadequate description of participants, interventions or outcomes could lead to bias and inaccurate assessment of findings. The aim of this study was to assess consistency of description of participants using studies comparing laparoscopic and open repair of peptic ulcer as an example.

Methods

This systematic review is reported in line with the PRISMA checklist. Searches of MEDLINE and Embase databases were performed to identify studies comparing laparoscopic and open repair of perforated peptic ulcer in adults, published in the English language. Manuscripts were dual-screened for eligibility. Full texts were retrieved and dual-screened for inclusion. Data extracted from studies included descriptors of participants in studies from tables and text. Descriptors were categorized into conceptual domains by the research team, and coverage of each domain by study was tabulated.

Results

Searches identified 2018 studies. After screening, 37 full texts were retrieved and 23 studies were included in the final synthesis. A total of 76 unique descriptors were identified. These were classified into demographics (11 descriptors), vital signs (9 descriptors), disease-specific characteristics (10 descriptors), presentation and pathway factors (4 descriptors), risk factors (8 descriptors), laboratory tests (14 descriptors) and baseline health (28 descriptors). The number of descriptors in a single study ranged from three to 31. All studies reported at least one demographic descriptor. Laboratory tests was the least frequently described domain.

Conclusion

Study participants are described inconsistently in studies of a single example surgical condition.
HaloTag‐Targeted Sirtuin‐Rearranging Ligand (SirReal) for the Development of Proteolysis‐Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) against the Lysine Deacetylase Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2)**
Authors: Schiedel Matthias , Lehotzky Attila , Szunyogh Sandor , Oláh Judit , Hammelmann Sören , Wössner Nathalie , Robaa Dina , Einsle Oliver , Sippl Wolfgang , Ovádi Judit , Jung Manfred
Published: July 2020

We have discovered the sirtuin‐rearranging ligands (SirReals) as a novel class of highly potent and selective inhibitors of the NAD+‐dependent lysine deacetylase sirtuin 2 (Sirt2). In previous studies, conjugation of a SirReal with a ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase cereblon to form a so‐called proteolysis‐targeting chimera (PROTAC) enabled small‐molecule‐induced degradation of Sirt2. Herein, we report the structure‐based development of a chloroalkylated SirReal that induces the degradation of Sirt2 mediated by Halo‐tagged E3 ubiquitin ligases. Using this orthogonal approach for Sirt2 degradation, we show that other E3 ligases than cereblon, such as the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin, can also be harnessed for small‐molecule‐induced Sirt2 degradation, thereby emphasizing the great potential of parkin to be used as an E3 ligase for new PROTACs approaches. Thus, our study provides new insights into targeted protein degradation in general and Sirt2 degradation in particular.
COVID‐19 complicated by ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction in a 29‐year‐old patient
Authors: Ong Emily , Castro‐Dominguez Yulanka , Brennan Joseph , Oen‐Hsiao Joyce
Published: July 2020

We describe a case in which a 29‐year‐old male with no medical history presented with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction as his presentation of coronavirus disease. During cardiac catheterization, he was found to have total occlusion of his left anterior descending artery by thrombus. Laboratory testing revealed markedly elevated inflammatory markers as well as evidence of a hypercoagulable state in the setting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, which was suspected to be the inciting factor for his acute coronary event.
Identifying the optimal donor for natural killer cell adoptive therapy to treat paediatric B‐ and T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Foley Bree , Ta Clara , Barnes Samantha , de Jong Emma , Nguyen Michelle , Cheung Laurence C , Buzzai Anthony , Wagner Teagan , Wylie Ben , Fernandez Sonia , Cruickshank Mark , Endersby Raelene , Kees Ursula , Waithman Jason
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Natural killer (NK) cells are an attractive source of cells for an ‘off the shelf’ cellular therapy because of their innate capacity to target malignant cells, and ability to be transferred between donors and patients. However, since not all NK cells are equally effective at targeting cancer, selecting the right donor for cellular therapy is critical for the success of the treatment. Recently, cellular therapies utilising NK cells from cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐seropositive donors have been explored. However, whether these NK cells are the best source to treat paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remains unclear.

Methods

Using a panel of patient‐derived paediatric B‐ and T‐ALL, we assessed the ability of NK cells from 49 healthy donors to mount an effective functional response against these two major subtypes of ALL.

Results

From this cohort, we have identified a pool of donors with superior activity against multiple ALL cells. While these donors were more likely to be CMV+, we identified multiple CMVneg donors within this group. Furthermore, NK cells from these donors recognised B‐ and T‐ALL through different activating receptors. Dividing functional NK cells into 29 unique subsets, we observed that within each individual the same NK cell subsets dominated across all ALL cells. Intriguingly, this occurred despite the ALL cells in our panel expressing different combinations of NK cell ligands. Finally, we can demonstrate that cellular therapy products derived from these superior donors significantly delayed leukaemia progression in preclinical models of ALL.

Conclusions

We have identified a pool of superior donors that are effective against a range of ALL cells, representing a potential pool of donors that can be used as an adoptive NK cell therapy to treat paediatric ALL.
An accumulation of climatic stress events has led to years of reduced growth for sugar maple in southern Quebec, Canada
Authors: Moreau Guillaume , Achim Alexis , Pothier David
Published: July 2020

Understanding the influence of climatic variation on forest dynamics is of great ecological and economic interest, and is essential to prescribe silvicultural interventions that will facilitate ecosystem acclimation to global change. However, the retrospective identification of climatic events responsible for the inter‐annual variation of tree growth is challenging, notably because both their duration and their subsequent effects can be highly variable in time. In this study, we aimed to (1) quantify empirically the effect of climatic stress events on the short‐ and long‐term growth dynamics of sugar maple trees; (2) compare the effects of different types of climatic events, that is, drought and thaw–freeze; and (3) compare the effects of climatic stress events to those of traditional monthly level climate metrics. To achieve this, we paired cross‐dated tree‐ring series to monthly and daily‐level climate metrics over more than 50 yr in two distinct regions of southern Quebec. While the analysis from monthly level metrics first suggested a weak and non‐stationary relationship between climatic conditions and tree growth, the analysis from daily‐level metrics showed that climatic stress events, and more particularly thaw–freeze events, were strongly related to the growth of sugar maple trees. Our results suggest that the synergic influence of cumulative climatic stress events, which was exacerbated by insect outbreaks during the early 1980s, induced an important shift in the growth dynamics of sugar maple and in its response to variation in climatic conditions. These results highlight the potential negative impact of global climate change on our capacity to predict stand productivity accurately, especially if climate‐sensitive growth models are based on projections of future monthly metrics. Because adverse climatic events are expected to increase both in frequency and in severity over the next decades, a general decrease in the growth rate of sugar maple is apprehended in southern Quebec.
Successive Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Couplings for the Modular Synthesis of Non‐Symmetric Di‐Aryl‐Substituted Thiophenes
Authors: Messina Cynthia , Douglas Liam Z. , Liu Jiang Tian , Forgione Pat
Published: July 2020

Oligothiophenes are important organic molecules in a number of burgeoning industries as semi‐conducting materials due to their extensive π‐conjugation and charge transport properties. Typically, non‐symmetric, di‐aryl‐substituted thiophenes are prepared by the successive formation of Grignards, organotin, and/or boronic acid intermediates that can be subsequently employed in cross‐coupling reactions. While reliable, these approaches present synthetic difficulties due to the reactivity of organo‐metallic/pseudo‐metallic species, and produce considerable amounts of waste due to necessary pre‐functionalization. We have developed a decarboxylative cross‐coupling route as an effective strategy for the modular and less wasteful synthesis of a wide range of non‐symmetric, di‐arylthiophenes. This method uses a thiophene ester building block for successive decarboxylative palladium‐catalyzed couplings that allows for the efficient synthesis and evaluation of the opto‐electronic properties of a library of candidate semi‐conductors with functional groups that could be challenging to access using previous routes.
Experimental and numerical studies on buckling restrained braces with posttensioned carbon fiber composite cables
Authors: Atasever Kurtulus , Inanaga Shogo , Takeuchi Toru , Terazawa Yuki , Celik Oguz C.
Published: July 2020

There has been an increasing interest in using residual deformation as a seismic performance indicator for earthquake resistant building design. Self‐centering braced structural systems are viable candidates for minimizing residual deformations following a major earthquake. Hence, this study proposes an alternative type of buckling restrained brace (BRB) with externally attached posttensioned (PT‐BRB) carbon fiber composite cables (CFCCs). The steel core of the brace is used as an energy dissipator, whereas the CFCCs provide the self‐centering force for minimizing residual story drifts. Three proof‐of‐concept specimens are designed, fabricated, and cyclically tested at different posttensioning force levels. The CFCC behavior to obtain cyclic response, including the anchorage system, is examined closely. A parametric study is also conducted to show the effect of the different configurations of PT‐BRBs on the inelastic response. Furthermore, optimal brace parameters are discussed to realize design recommendations. The results indicated that the implementation of partially self‐centering BRBs in building frames can lead to the target residual displacements. A stable behavior is obtained for the proposed PT‐BRBs when subjected to the loading protocol specified in the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 2016 Seismic Provisions.
Quantitative analysis of SmearOFF and different irrigation activation techniques on removal of smear layer: A scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Mobaraki Babak , Yeşildal Yeter Kübra
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SmearOFF solution on smear layer removal by using different irrigation activation techniques. One hundred and twenty mandibular premolars were decoronated, and instrumented with Reciproc up to size 50. Then, the specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the final irrigation activation technique: Group 1: SmearOFF + Conventional syringe irrigation (CSI); Group 2: SmearOFF + Sonic activation (SA); Group 3: SmearOFF + Passive ultrasonic activation (PUA); Group 4:17% EDTA + CSI; Group 5:17% EDTA + SA, and Group 6:17% EDTA + PUA. Teeth were split longitudinally, and specimens were observed under scanning electron microscope. Images were taken from the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the teeth with 1,000× magnification and analyzed using ImageJ program to calculate total open dentinal tubule areas. Three‐way ANOVA test was applied to reveal any significant differences among solutions, activation techniques and root thirds. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of irrigation solutions (p > .05). There was a statistically significant difference between PUA and CSI groups (p < .05). However, no significant difference was observed between PUA and SA, or between SA and CSI (p > .05). All experimental procedures were most effective in the middle region of the root, followed by cervical and apical thirds (p < .05). PUA showed higher efficacy in smear layer removal compared with CSI. SmearOFF and 17% EDTA showed similar results. The best results in removing smear layer were obtained in the middle region of the root.
Clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality in African‐Americans with COVID‐19 from an inner‐city community teaching hospital in New York
Authors: Gayam Vijay , Chobufo Muchi Ditah , Merghani Mohamed A. , Lamichhane Shristi , Garlapati Pavani Reddy , Adler Mark K.
Published: July 2020

There is limited data on the clinical presentation and predictors of mortality in the African‐American (AA) patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) despite the disproportionately higher burden and mortality. The aim of this study is to report on the clinical characteristics and the predictors of mortality in hospitalized AA patients with COVID‐19 infection. In this retrospective cohort review, we included all AA patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection admitted to an inner‐city teaching community hospital in New York city. Demographics, clinical presentation, baseline co‐morbidities, and laboratory data were compared between survivors and non‐survivors. The predictors of mortality were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Of the 408 (median age, 67 years) patients included, 276 (66.65%, median age 63 years) survived while 132 (33.35%, median age 71 years) died. The most common presenting symptoms were cough, myalgia, fever/chills, shortness of breath, and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain), with a prevalence of 62.50%, 43.87%, 53.68%, and 27.21%, respectively. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; confidence interval [CI], 1.04‐1.08; P < .001), body mass index (OR, 1.07; CI, 1.04‐1.11; P < .001), elevated serum ferritin (OR, 1.99; CI, 1.08‐3.66; P < .02), C‐reactive protein (OR, 2.42; CI, 1.36‐4.33; P < .01), and D‐dimers (OR, 3.79; CI, 2.21‐6.50; P < .001) at the time of presentation were identified as the independent predictors of mortality. Cough, shortness of breath, fever/chills, gastrointestinal symptoms, and myalgia were the predominant presentation among AAs hospitalized with COVID‐19 infection. Advanced age, higher body mass index, elevated serum ferritin, C‐reactive protein, and D‐dimers are independent predictors of mortality among hospitalized AAs with COVID‐19 infection.