bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Dever de Colaboração das Partes com o Processo: O Processo Civil Cooperativo
Authors: Schwertner Isadora Minotto Gomes
Published: January 2017

A relação jurídica processual é fortemente marcada pelo debate das partes, as quais ocupam posições antagônicas no processo, cada qual na defesa dos seus interesses, em razão da necessidade de obtenção do objeto disputado em juízo. O presente artigo propõe uma nova visão do processo civil, mais compatível com a ideia do Estado Constitucional, na medida em que apregoa a necessidade de atuação das partes pautada na boa-fé e na necessidade de cooperação, não apenas com a administração da justiça, mas com a concretização dos ideais de justiça. Para tanto, as partes deverão atuar em estado de cooperação, favorecendo o diálogo e a plena realização dos atos processuais. É ainda imperioso que o Juízo conduza o processo de forma a garantir o contraditório pleno, viabilizar a pronta realização dos atos processuais, cientificar as partes acerca dos atos processuais antes de proferir qualquer decisão  que  interfira  fundamentalmente  no  deslinde  da  causa,  bem  como  motivar amplamente suas decisões. O problema reside em delimitar até que ponto a legislação poderá exigir este atuar cooperativo da parte no processo, já que cada qual defende interesses antagônicos. Partindo-se de uma metodologia jurídica baseada no formalismo-valorativo ou, para alguns autores, no neoconstitucionalismo, o processo civil da atualidade se explica como um meio de comunicação democrático que propõe a análise do processo partindo-se de alguns  pressupostos,  quais  sejam,  a  participação  das  partes  no  processo,  a  crítica  ao positivismo excessivo e a preocupação com a segurança jurídica, o devido processo legal e o contraditório. Um dos principais problemas que circundam o tema reside justamente em analisar o papel da parte no processo civil, delimitando até que ponto é viável, sob o ponto de vista jurídico, exigir um atuar cooperativo da parte no sentido de se obter uma solução justa no processo, ainda que desfavorável aos seus próprios interesses. Há que se ressaltar ainda, a atuação do próprio órgão jurisdicional que deverá deixar de ser produto mecânico resultante de atos prévios puramente logísticos. Os juízes contemporâneos deverão se afastar do mero silogismo jurídico, pois incompatível com a vigilância democrática que deverão exercer no processo.
A Eficiência Judicial da Justiça Comum Estadual no Brasil: Uma Análise Jurimétrica pelo Método DEA
Authors: Botelho Martinho Martins
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo trata sobre a utilização de métodos jurimétricos para a avaliação da eficiência da atividade jurisdicional da Justiça Estadual Comum no Brasil, especialmente, sobre a produção de sentenças pelos 27 Tribunais de Justiça (TJs). Procura-se materializar a ideia da eficiência produtiva e alocativa trabalhada na teoria econômica e na Análise Econômica do Direito (AED) por meio do método algébrico da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). A ideia geral é construir indicadores de eficiência para os TJs e rankings de eficiência para 2003 e 2014. Os resultados demonstram que os TJs mais eficientes foram o TJ-PI e o TJ-MG.
Reflexões Sobre o Impacto da Compulsoriedade da Contribuição Sindical
Authors: Oliveira Deborah Delmondes De , Santos Daniela Ramos de Oliveira dos
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo propõe uma discussão sobre a natureza compulsória da Contribuição Sindical prevista no artigo 149 da Constituição da República de 1988 e nos artigos 578 a 591 da Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas. Objetiva-se discorrer de que forma se deu o contexto histórico do surgimento do Sindicalismo no Brasil. Ainda, será abordada a origem da instituição da Contribuição Sindical e a sua natureza compulsória, bem como a sua extensão no serviço público, a partir da Instrução Normativa n. 01 de 2008, editada pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho e do Emprego. Serão analisados os reflexos decorrentes da contribuição sindical obrigatória levando em consideração a diferença entre representação formal e representatividade das entidades sindicais. Parte-se da hipótese de que a obrigatoriedade da Contribuição Sindical constitui-se como fator positivo, já que o tributo em questão é uma das fontes de custeio das atividades dos sindicatos. Entretanto, o crescimento no registro de entidades sindicais pelo Ministério do Trabalho e do Emprego, faz com que o emprego da instituição  da  contribuição  sindical  tenha  uma  finalidade  meramente  arrecadatória, desvirtuando a finalidade para o qual foi criada. Ademais, a obrigatoriedade da cobrança coloca em discussão o livre direito à liberdade sindical previsto no artigo 8º da Constituição da República de 1988. Lado outro, apesar da compulsoriedade da contribuição, é primordial que  o  recurso  arrecadado  seja  destinado  as  entidades  que  efetivamente  possuem representatividade nas relações de trabalho. Foram utilizados vários métodos de pesquisa e estudo, notadamente, bibliográficos, artigos e jurisprudenciais.
Contribuições Sindicais e a Liberdade Sindical do Trabalhador Celetista
Authors: Patruni Filho Rubens
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o verdadeiro significado de liberdade sindical prevista no artigo 8° da constituição federal. A liberdade sindical garantida ao trabalhador é muitas vezes mitigada de modo a ignorar sua vontade de filiação à entidade sindical. Os sindicatos, por meio de convenções coletivas de trabalho ou acordos coletivos, vêm impondo a todos os trabalhadores, filiados ou não, a responsabilidade de arcar com os custos do sistema confederativo e também os demais gastos dos sindicatos, tais como atividades assistenciais e de negociação coletiva. No caso dos trabalhadores regidos pela consolidação das leis trabalhistas (CLT) as contribuições são descontadas diretamente dos salários, mesmo contrariando a vontade do trabalhador.
Colonialidade do Poder, Exclusão Social e Crise: Interseccionalidades e uma Possível Alternativa a Partir da Perspectiva Socioambiental
Authors: Ortigara Rudinei Jose
Published: January 2017

Objetiva-se  analisar  o  conceito  e  desdobramentos  da  “colonialidade  do  poder”,  termo desenvolvido por Anibal Quijano, que se tornou sistema hegemônico de padrão de poder, saber e ser, eurocêntricos. Este sistema desembocou em exclusões sociais, baseadas na ideia de hierarquização de raças, reproduzidas nos sistemas de produção capitalista e nos de controle social, como as estruturas do poder estatal e do direito. Este modelo está em crise, haja vista sua crescente limitação para a inclusão social, encontrando alternativa possível no socioambientalismo.   Para   análise   do   cenário   exposto,   utiliza-se   de   metodologia interdisciplinar, buscando vertentes sociológicas e jurídicas.
Subversive Friendships: Foucault on Homosexuality and Social Experimentation
Authors: Kingston Mark
Published: December 2016

In some of his more obscure works, Michel Foucault characterises homosexual culture as being connected with an interesting practice of friendship. Since homosexual relationships cannot be derived from existing norms, they are inherently underdetermined, and this means that homosexual culture provides a space for the creation of new types of relationship. Inspired by this practice of social experimentation, Foucault puts forward a concept of friendship based on the collaborative creation of new relationships in marginal spaces. I argue that putting this concept of friendship into practice entails social activism in two ways: first, the creation of new relationships in marginal spaces constitutes a form of localised resistance to social normalisation, and second, because experimentation with relationships presents a challenge to the excessive normalisation of relationships on a societal scale. Friendship, for Foucault, is therefore a resource for both local resistance and large-scale social change. I also argue that Foucault's work on gay culture deserves more scholarly attention because it provides a supplement to his interpretation of the Enlightenment and forges a link between friendship and the aesthetics of existence.
The Humanism Effect: Fanon, Foucault, and Ethics without Subjects
Authors: Alessandrini Anthony C.
Published: December 2016

This article addresses a tendency within postcolonial studies to place the work of Michel Foucault and Frantz Fanon in opposition. This has obscured the real, and potentially very productive, similarities between them. The most important of these links has to do with their shared critique of the sovereign subject of humanism: for Fanon and Foucault, this critique of the traditional humanist subject provides a way of opposing what they both see as the dangerous nostalgia for a lost moment of origin. Furthermore, Fanon and Foucault both end in a moment of ethics, but it is an ethics without the sort of stable subjects assumed by humanism. I offer a consideration of some of the links that can be found in several texts by Fanon and Foucault. I then attempt to define the term I will be using to describe their shared strategy of an ethics without subjects: the “humanism effect.” I conclude by trying to suggest some of the strategic possibilities of an ethics without subjects in the postcolonial context.
Dampak Perceraian dan Pemberdayaan Keluarga Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Wonogiri
Authors: Julijanto Muhammad , Masrukhin Masrukhin , Hayatuddin Ahmad Kholis
Published: January 2017

AbstractDivorce cases nationally have increased in recent years; however this phenomenon cannot be generalized because each area has different background and culture. Based on the record of the Ministry Of Religious Affairs (Kemenag) in Wonogiri there are 10000-11000 weddings in a year on average.  From those numbers around 8-9 percent is getting divorces.  The efforts to resolve the divorce rate and family empowerment post-divorce still become the responsibility of their own. However, through Badan Amil Zakat Daerah (Bazda) the destitute family is given a sympathetic care-social assurance to build businesses and even an economic capital to help them, whether it’s a post-divorce family program or just destitute family in general. The government program does not reach on fostering harmonious ‘sakinah’ family; all are pursued by their own, while the government program is not supported by an adequate budget for the sakinah family program.Keywords: Impact of Divorce, Family EmpowermentAbstrak Kasus perceraian secara nasional dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini mengalami peningkatan, namun fenomena ini tidak bisa digeneralisir karena setiap daerah mempunyai latar belakang dan budaya yang berbeda. Berdasarkan catatan Kantor Kemeterian Agama (Kemenag) di Wonogiri dalam setahun rata-rata ada 10.000-11.000 pernikahan. Dari jumlah tersebut angka perceraiannya berkisar 8-9 persen. Upaya mengatasi tingkat perceraian, pemberdayaan keluarga pasca perceraian, sementara masih menjadi tanggung jawab sendiri-sendiri, namun melalui Badan Amil Zakat Daerah (Bazda) keluarga yang fakir miskin diberikan santunan-jaminan sosial untuk usaha, bahkan diberikan modal ekonomi untuk membantu keluarga miskin, apakah itu untuk program keluarga pasca perceraian atau hanya keluarga miskin secara umum. Program pemerintah tidak sampai menyentuh bagaimana pembinaan keluarga sakinah, semuanya diupayakan sendiri, sementara program pemerintah tidak didukung oleh anggaran yang cukup untuk mendukung program keluarga sakinah.Kata Kunci: Dampak Perceraian, Pemberdayaan Keluarga
Pendidikan Keluarga melalui Keterampilan Mendengar: Studi Kasus di Wedung, Demak
Authors: Bastomi Hasan
Published: January 2017

A family is the smallest comunity in society. It is the first environment (milleu) for the children in having interaction. This correlation pattern is embodied by the attitude and behavior of parents towards their children, one of them is through listening culture. This research employed a field research method with descriptive qualitative analisys technique. The research data collected subsequently analyzed by using deductive and inductive approaches related with listening skill of parents in Desa Mutih Wetan Wedung Demak. The result of the research shows that listening skill is important in the family especially the awareness for parents in entrusting their children to express any idea or opinion.Keluarga merupakan komunitas terkecil dalam masyarakat. Ia merupakan lingkungan pertama bagi anak dalam berinteraksi. Pola hubungan ini diwujudkan dengan sikap dan perilaku orang tua terhadap anak, salah satunya dengan budaya mendengar. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode riset lapangan dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan deduktif dan pendekatan induktif yang berkenaan dengan ketrampilan mendengar orang tua di Desa Mutih Wetan Wedung Demak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketrampilan mendengar penting dalam keluarga terutama kesadaran bagi orang tua dalam memberikan kepercayaan kepada anak untuk mengeluarkan segala ide ataupun gagasan yang dimilikinya.
Revitalisasi Peran Keluarga dalam Mengatasi Mental Hectic pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Harahap Lukman
Published: January 2017

Children character and personality building is conducted by their closest person. They have a meaningful contribution towards the children development. Children growth and development includes physical growth and psichological development. The right guidance and direction is necessary in every stage of children development. Children growth can be conducted by the school environment or educational institution as well. The lack of understanding from the parents or teachers in school and also the burden they feel generates children personality problems. They becomes a less-directional, ill-tempered, and rebellious person. These personality is called Mental Hectic. The emergence of Mental Hectic contains some factors. It consists of the learning method or technique which is less in take sides on the children growth and development especially at their early age. The consequence is learning becomes a heavy task, not a fun and delighted area for children who still keen on their own world, that is, playing. Therefore, this role can be played especially the family as the closest person who could guide and direct them to be a healthy and independent personality.Pembentukan karakter dan kepribadian anak dilakukan oleh orang terdekatnya, mereka memiliki kontribusi yang berarti bagi perkembangan anak itu sendiri. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak meliputi pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan psikis. Bimbingan dan arahan yang tepat diperlukan pada setiap  tahapan perkembangan anak. Pertumbuhan anak juga dapat dilakukan dari lingkungan sekolah ataupun lembaga pendidikan. Kurangnya pemahaman orang tua maupun guru di sekolah ditambah beban berat yang dirasakan oleh anak menjadikan problem pada kepribadiannya. Kepribadian anak menjadi pribadi yang kurang terarah, pemarah dan pembangkang. Kepribadian inilah yang disebut Mental Hectic. Tumbuhnya Mental Hectic ini diantaranya beberapa factor, diataranya berasal dari metode atau teknik belajar yang kurang berpihak pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak terlebih pada anak usia dini. Akibatnya pembelajaran menjadi beban berat, bukan merupakan area yang menyenangkan dan mengasyikkan bagi anak yang masih senang dengan dunia mereka yaitu bermain. Oleh karena itu peran ini bisa dilakukan terutama keluarga sebagai orang terdekat yang dapat mengarahkan serta membimbing anak supaya nantinya anak memiliki pribadi yang sehat dan mandiri.
Toward Defining the Threshold Between Low and High Glucose Variability in Diabetes
Authors: Monnier Louis , Colette Claude , Wojtusciszyn Anne , Dejager Sylvie , Renard Eric , Molinari Nicolas , Owens David R.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

To define the threshold for excess glucose variability (GV), one of the main features of dysglycemia in diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 376 persons with diabetes investigated at the University Hospital of Montpellier (Montpellier, France) underwent continuous glucose monitoring. Participants with type 2 diabetes were divided into several groups—groups 1, 2a, 2b, and 3 (n = 82, 28, 65, and 79, respectively)—according to treatment: 1) diet and/or insulin sensitizers alone; 2) oral therapy including an insulinotropic agent, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (group 2a) or sulfonylureas (group 2b); or 3) insulin. Group 4 included 122 persons with type 1 diabetes. Percentage coefficient of variation for glucose (%CV = [(SD of glucose)/(mean glucose)] × 100) and frequencies of hypoglycemia (interstitial glucose <56 mg/dL [3.1 mmol/L]) were computed.

RESULTS

Percentages of CV (median [interquartile range]; %) increased significantly (P < 0.0001) from group 1 (18.1 [15.2–23.9]) to group 4 (37.2 [31.0–42.3]). In group 1, the upper limit of %CV, which served as reference for defining excess GV, was 36%. Percentages of patients with %CVs above this threshold in groups 2a, 2b, 3, and 4 were 0, 12.3, 19.0, and 55.7%, respectively. Hypoglycemia was more frequent in group 2b (P < 0.01) and groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.0001) when subjects with a %CV >36% were compared with those with %CV ≤36%.

CONCLUSIONS

A %CV of 36% appears to be a suitable threshold to distinguish between stable and unstable glycemia in diabetes because beyond this limit, the frequency of hypoglycemia is significantly increased, especially in insulin-treated subjects.
Paediatric Constipation;Think Beyond Thyroid Causes
Authors: Debnath Ekta Malik , Datta Rashmi Rasi , Debnath Pinaki Ranjan , Jain Anju
Published: December 2016

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the importance of proper detailed history and examination of the patient as well as to determine the prevalence of unrecognized hypothyroidism among the paediatric patients with constipation attending the outpatient paediatric units in our hospital.Material and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of paediatric patients ordered for thyroid function tests between July 2014 and June 2015 was performed. Total of 2210 paediatric patients were included in the study. A complete review of the medical records of these patients were performed which included indications for ordering thyroid tests, medical history, drug history, radiologic evaluation, other laboratory tests and subspeciality consultation.The samples were analyzed in the hormone unit of the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory by a fully automated analyzer (Cobas e411, Roche). Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software. Clinical diagnosis was made according to the paediatric reference ranges used in our clinical laboratory. Results: Out of all patients, 149 had history of constipation and 11 patients out of 149 had abnormal thyroid function. Repeat measurements after three months showed normal results for nine, while only two patients had results suggestive of hypothyroidism.Conclusion: Functional constipation is a condition which is to be diagnosed only by history or clinical examination. Thyroid profile where necessary is to be done after proper examination, to reduce the burden of cost to laboratory and society as well as exposing the pediatric patient to trauma.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):143-146
Developmental Outcome in Children with Malnutrition
Authors: Chattopadhyay Nandita , Saumitra Masani
Published: December 2016

Background: Developmental challenges and malnutrition are two major childhood health problems in the developing world and malnutrition is a major risk factor for poor development, which can, ultimately, lead to developmental challenges with life-long implications, affecting the individual, the family and the society at-large.Materials and Methods: We searched PUBMED & COCHRANE REVIEW databases, published documents from WHO, UNICEF, UNDP and the World Bank and citations thereof, for relevant literature on brain development and malnutrition, dietary supplementation and brain development.Results: Effect of nutrition on the developing brain has been thoroughly studied and established. Undernutrition, particularly during fetal and 1st two years of postnatal life, is a major risk factor for poor neuro-development, leading to motor, cognitive and speech delay, as well as behavioral problems and learning disabilities. Macro and micro-nutrients, like proteins, Iron, Iodine, Zinc, vitamins-B, C and D, choline and essential fatty acids are essential for proper brain development. Supplementation of pregnant and lactating mothers, infants and toddlers with multiple micronutrient, specially Iron, Iodine, Vitamins B12 and Folate and choline has been found beneficial, particularly among the vulnerable population.Conclusion: Dietary supplementation for pregnant and lactating mothers, infants and toddlers along with a congenial socio-emotional environment and cognitive stimulation from an early age can go a long way to help the child at-risk attain his developmental potential.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):170-177.
Feeding Performance in Preterm Infants and Full Term Infants at 40 Weeks Postmenstrual Age
Authors: Gupta Gunjan , Vijay Kumar Kaniyanoor Venkatesan , Anitha R. , Ninan Binu
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Feeding problems are commonly reported among preterm infants. As premature infants are born before adequate maturation, inadequate feeding capabilities are common among preterm infants. Feeding is an innate behaviour in a new born. Swallowing is evident in a foetus by 16th week of gestation (Tuchman, 1994). By 40th week of gestation, neural processes are expected to mature completely. Feeding is an innate behaviour in a new born. Swallowing is evident in a foetus by 16th week of gestation. By 40th week of gestation, neural processes are expected to mature completely. Since the premature infants are born before adequate maturation of the systems, it is not unusual for them to have inadequate feeding capabilities.Material and Methods: This study aimed to compare feeding performance in preterm (between 30 and 34 weeks GA) and full term infants at 40 weeks Post menstrual age. Seventy infants and their mothers served as participants. A close ended questionnaire documented the oral reflexes, oro-motor skills, oro-sensory skills and feeding history in infants.Results: Results were tabulated under feeding history, (viz; history of use of nasogastric feeding, duration of feeding, episodes of coughing/ choking and vomiting, fussing during feeding, noisy breathing) and oral skills. Significant difference in feeding behaviour was observed between the term and preterm infants at 40 weeks post menstrual age. Conclusion: Hence the need for Speech Language Pathologist to evaluate feeding behaviour at 40 weeks post menstrual age becomes necessary.
Comparative Study of Widal and Typhidot Test in the Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever in Children
Authors: Sreenivasa B. , Kumar G.V.
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Typhoid fever is a life threatening systemic infection that is usually presented with non- specific symptoms and signs. Its diagnosis is usually confirmed by blood culture and Widal test. The delayed results of microbiologic examination and the unreliable results of Widal test makes the search for a rapid and reliable method for diagnosis of typhoid fever. An early and accurate diagnosis is necessary for a prompt and effective treatment. The objectives were to compare the sensitivity and specificity of Widal test and typhidot with the blood culture in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in children.Material and Methods: A total of 200 hundred clinically suspected typhoid fever cases of 2-12 year age groups from both sexes attending Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital Chitradurga were studied. The blood collected aseptically was used for blood culture and clotted blood was used for Widal test and typhidot test.Results: Of 200 blood samples studied, 28 cases were positive by blood culture. Widal test showed sensitivity and specificity of 53% and 83% on blood culture proven cases. Typhidot test showed sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 83%, respectively on blood culture proven cases.Conclusion: Using blood culture as the gold standard, typhidot showed a higher sensitivity compared to Widal test. The specificity of both Widal and typhidot remained the same. Typhidot could be a practical alternative to Widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever even in the resource poor laboratories.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):131-135.
Ectopia Cordis
Authors: Rahman Md Hamidur , Hassan Mahmuda , Chowdhury Kona , Quddus Abdul
Published: December 2016

Ectopia Cordis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by partial or complete displacement of the heart outside the thoracic cavity. Usually ectopiacordis is associated with other multiple anomalies and intra cardiac defects. The five main ectopic positions are adjacent to the thorax approximately 60%, abdominal is 15-30%, thoraco-abdominal is 7-18%, cervical is about 3% and least is the cervicothoracic. We are reporting a case of ectopiacordis of abdominal type. This is the first reported abdominal ectopia cordis case in Bangladesh.
Behavioral Responses to Multisensory Stimulation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Kanagasabai Parimala S. , Mohan Divya , Lewis Leslie E , Rao Bhamini K.
Published: December 2016

Background: Behavioral responses of preterm infant to sensory stimulation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are important to understand. This would enable NICU professionals to be cautious of overloading stimulations and ensure stability in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to describe the range of behavioral responses associated with multisensory (auditory, visual, tactile and vestibular) stimulation in preterm infants.Material and Methods: We recruited twenty-five preterm infants born at 28 to 36 weeks and birth weight of 1000 to 2000 grams for the study using convenience sampling. In the NICU, preterm infants from 32 weeks gestational age received multisensory stimulation session for duration of 12 minutes per day until discharge along with routine NICU care. During the stimulation, the behavioral responses of the preterm infants were observed and documented.Results: Limb activity and yawning were the most frequently observed behaviors. Sixty-five percent of the behavioral responses were observed during tactile stimulation. The frequency of observed behavioral responses decreased with successive stimulation sessions, which could indicate habituation responses in preterm infants to multisensory stimulation.Conclusions: Preterm infants showed behavioral responses indicating improved alertness and ability to integrate sensory stimulus. However, interpretation of preterm behaviors is a challenge because these behavioral responses could also indicate stress in preterm infants when coupled with other physiological and behavioral cues. Further studies are required to provide a detailed evidence for better clarity of infant’s responses to environmental stimuli.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):110-114
Prevalence of Wasting, Thinness, Stunting and Under-weight among Paediatric AIDS Patients in a Tertiary Centre
Authors: Anyanwu Onyinye Uchenna , Onyire Benson Nnamdi , Daniyan Faith W.
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Malnutrition is a common occurrence in HIV positive children. Its presence reflects the level of care the child receives as well as affects the outcome of their infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of various forms of malnutrition among HIV positive children. This was a Hospital based Cross-sectional study in HIV-positive children receiving care in FETHA.Material and Methods: using the WHO reference standards, we determined the prevalence of wasting, thinness, stunting and underweight in HIV-positive children receiving care in FETHA. Height and weight measurements of 89 HIV-positive children aged 0-18year old were taken. Socioeconomic stratification was done by Olusanya’s criteria.Results: The prevalence of wasting, thinness, stunting and underweight in HIV- positive children were 31(34.8%), 22(24.7%), 30(33.7%), and 33(37.1%) respectively. Age group and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with the various forms of malnutrition while gender and clinical stage of disease were not.Conclusion: There is still a high prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition amongst paediatric-AIDS patients which is significantly more amongst adolescents and the lower socioeconomic class.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):156-159.
A Study on Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Poisoning in Children in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sil Archan , Ghosh Tarak Nath , Bhattacharya Sudipta , Konar Mithun Chandra , Soren Baisakhi , Nayek Kaustav
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in paediatric age group. Objective of this study was to determine the pattern of poisoning in paediatric age group in respect to epidemiological characteristics, aetiology, clinical features and mortality in a major part of South Bengal.Material and Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study conducted in the paediatric medicine ward and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Burdwan Medical College from January, 2015 to December, 2015.All children in the age group of less than or equal to 12 years who visited the paediatric emergency with history of exposure to toxic substances were included in the study. Poisoning due to insect or animal bite was excluded from the study. Data was obtained from hospital records and the admission register of paediatric emergency, entered in the Microsoft excel sheet and analysed by using statistical software SPSS version 17.Results: During the study period, 393 patients with poisoning were reported, which was 1.9% of all pediatric admissions. Majority were in the 1-3 year age group (59.6%). Volatile hydrocarbons accounted for the highest proportion of poisonings (153 cases, 38.9%).. GI system involvement (36.5 %) was most common. The total mortality of poisoning patients was 8.Conclusion: Number of children, presenting with poisoning was higher in our study in comparison to other studies. Volatile hydrocarbons were common source of poisoning in our study. More epidemiological studies are required to identify socio-demographic risk factors of poisoning.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):105-109.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis with Perforation in an Extreme Preterm, Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonate
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Shridhar , Singh Shailendra , Sodhi Kirandeep , Arora Manu
Published: December 2016

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the most common and serious surgical condition among preterm, very low birth weight neonates with a mortality of 40% to 50% in those requiring surgery. We report perforation secondary to NEC in an extreme preterm, extremely low birth weight neonate with a good outcome due to aggressive surgical management and intensive care.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):201-203.
Birth Order, Father's Occupation and Family Size are Strongly Associated with Thinness Among Bengalee Adolescent Girls of Darjeeling District, West Bengal (India)
Authors: Debnath Mampi , Tigga Pushpa Lata , Mondal Nitish , Sen Jaydip
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Undernutrition is a major issue in the developing countries such as India. The country has the largest adolescent population in the world and one of the primary focuses of nutritional assessment among them is undernutrition. The present cross-sectional study tries to determine the prevalence of thinness among adolescent girls of Darjeeling district using thinness (BMI-for-age) and to ascertain the effects of different socio-economic and demographic variables on the same.Material and methods: The study was carried out among 387 school-going adolescent girls aged 9-14 years belonging to the Bengalee Hindu caste populations (BHCP). The prevalence of thinness was assessed using recently proposed international BMI-for-age cut-offs of Cole et al.Results: The prevalence of overall thinness was 23.77%. The distribution of mild (Grade I), moderate (Grade II), and severe (Grade III) thinness were 17.31%, 4.39% and 2.07%, respectively. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that birth order, family size and father’s occupation were significantly associated with overall prevalence of thinness (p<0.05).Conclusion: The proper dissemination of awareness related to nutritional requirement, food habit, and appropriate dietary habit would be helpful to reduce the prevalence of thinness.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):115-120
Incomplete Kawasaki Disease: A Rising Trend
Authors: Zainab Madiha , Guha Suparna
Published: December 2016

Kawasaki Disease is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in the developed countries. The diagnosis of typical Kawasaki Disease (KD)is not much of a problem. However incomplete Kawasaki Disease where only two to three clinical features are present, poses a diagnostic dilemma. Here we report our experience with the disease in the paediatric department of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS). In one year retrospective study from Jan 2015 to Jan 2016, 20 cases were diagnosed as KD, of which five were complete and 15 incomplete. Fifty percent of cases were less than one year’s age and there was male preponderance. More than 90% showed echo changes and all except one responded to IVIG and aspirin who succumbed due to aneurysm rupture. So we conclude that high index of suspicion for diagnosing KD must be there and early treatment to prevent echocardiographic changes.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):208-212
Hemophagocytic Syndrome in a Four Year Old Male Child with Plasmodium Vivax Infection
Authors: Bhatia Ravi , Bhatia Gunjan
Published: December 2016

In Hyper endemic zones Malaria is known to present with unusual complications. Haemophagocytic syndrome is a disorder of mononuclear phagocytic syndrome. There are many published reports of haemophagocytic syndrome due to P. falciparum infection but haemophagocytic syndrome due to P. vivax infection is quite rare.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):193-195.
Mild to Severe Anemia of Undiagnosed Etiology Diagnosed by Genetic Study
Authors: Bose Kalliol , Siddique Md Abu Bakkar , Ghorai Sudipta , Kundu Chanchal , Saha Sudip
Published: December 2016

We report a case of a child with beta thalassemia major, whose mother is a carrier of beta thalassemia and father is having hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Gene study revealed compound heterozygous for codon 8/9+G and IVS-1-5 G>C point mutation. Another four cases of anemia not responding to iron diagnosed to have alpha thalassemia carrier are also reported here.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):213-215.
Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis: A Rare but Lethal Mimicker of Necrotising Enterocolitis
Authors: Radhakrishna Veerbhadra , Govindarajan Krishna Kumar , Balachandar Bharathi , Plakkal Nishad , Jinkala Sree Rekha
Published: December 2016

Neonatal Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection carrying high morbidity and mortality. Clinically, it is not easily distinguishable from the more common necrotizing enterocolitis. Diagnosis is made by histopathology of the involved bowel. We report a neonate with gastrointestinal mucormycosis, bringing to notice the fatality of this infection.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):198-200.
Evaluation of the XpertMTB/RIF for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among the Patients Attending DOTS Center Parsa District of Nepal
Authors: Kurmi Roshan , Rauniyar Ramanuj , Manandhar Krishna Das , Gupta Birendra Prasad
Published: December 2016

Tuberculosis diagnosis and monitoring rely in Sputum microscopy of National Tuberculosis Programme, Nepal because of its low cost and easier to perform. Direct sputum microscopy is popular worldwide. Currently, there are 533 microscopy centres catering for sputum microscopy examination throughout the country. Most of the microscopy centres are established within government jurisdiction and remaining are established as non-governmental organization as well as private sectors.A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2013 to January 2015. A total of 2091 patients were enrolled in the study who were attending the DOTS Centre in Parsa District of Public Health Office, Nepal. Smears stained with ZN stain methods were examined microscopically followed by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay.Out of 2091 suspected pulmonary TB patients enrolled for sputum microscopy and GeneXpert MTB/RIF for the confirmation of TB, the 1301(62.21%) were male and 790 (37.78%) were female. The maximum TB cases were from Parsa district (555, 26.5%). The comparative study of different diagnostic tools reveals the sensitivity of MTB/RIF was 95.50% (91.87, 97.82) and significantly higher than smear microscopy performed on the same fluid, which had a sensitivity of 61.97% (55.41, 68.21). Five of 127 smear-negative cases had MTB/RIF-positive un-centrifuged sputum, resulting in a specificity of 81.23% (75.95, 85.78), which was similar to smear microscopy 98.29 % (97.34, 98.97; p=0.121). The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of MTB/RIF were 96.85% (93.61, 98.72) and 94.95 % (93.52, 96.14), respectively. HIV co-infection did not impact sensitivity, specificity or liquid culture time to positivity (TTP). When MTB/RIF accuracy was evaluated using composite reference standard culture positivity from sputum, the sensitivity and specificity were similar to those obtained in the primary analysis using either definite TB versus possible and non-TB combined; definite and possible TB combined versus non-TB.
Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification Based Mutation Analysis of Dystrophin Gene in Nepalese Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Shrestha Kushal , Shrestha Smita , Khatiwada Saroj , Acharya Bishu , Manandhar Sulochana , Pokharel Rohit Kumar
Published: December 2016

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorders caused due to mutation in dystrophin gene, leading to progressive muscle weakness. This study was done to identify mutation in dystrophin gene in Nepalese patients with DMD using Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assay in Nepal. Twenty one patients from different regions of Nepal, who were clinically diagnosed as DMD were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood samples were collected in EDTA vials, gDNA was extracted, and deletion mutation in the dystrophin gene was analysed using Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assay.Exon deletion mutation in the dystrophin gene was observed in 14 (66.6%) out of 21 DMD cases. The most common exon deletion was observed and confined in exon 7-14 and 45-53 of dystrophin gene. The location of deletion in dystrophin gene is apparently non-random with a preponderance found in the hot spot regions. Use of MLPA is useful in detecting copy number changes in DMD proband and suspected carriers in Nepal.
Prevalence of Non-Albicans Candida Among the Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Pant Narayan Dutt , Pandey Pratikshya
Published: December 2016

The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-albicans Candida among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Candida spp. isolated from different clinical samples (sputum, urine, vaginal swab, blood, endotracheal (ET) secretion, pus) from 250 patients between the period of February 2013 and December 2015 were included in the study. Of those 250 patients, 20% were immunocompromised. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used for the isolation of Candida spp. and the identification was performed on the basis of colony morphology, Gram’s stain, India ink preparation, germ tube test, temperature tolerance test, characteristic color change in CHROMagar, chlamydospore production, sugar fermentation test and sugar assimilation test.Out of total 300 Candida spp., majority were isolated from sputum (43.33%) followed by urine (40%) and vaginal swab (6.67%). Of total 151 (50.33%) non-albicans Candida, the most common species isolated were C. tropicalis (62.25%) followed by C. glabrata (23.84%). High prevalence of non-albicans Candida among the patients attending a hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal was noted.
Pattern of Cancer in Nepal from 2003 to 2011
Authors: Sah Sunil Kumar , Yadav Naval Kishor , Kurmi Roshan , Rauniyar Ramanuj , Manandhar Krishan Das , Gupta Birendra Prasad
Published: December 2016

Correction: On 15th January 2017, the authors Sunil Kumar Sah and Naval Kishor Yadav were added to the author list.Cancer is global burden of disease in developed and developing countries. It is one of the main causes of death. The environmental factor and life styles are major causes of cancer.This hospital based retrospective study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained at seven cancer centers. The most common basis of diagnosis were microscopic (histopathological and cytopathological examination). The diagnosis was also based on clinical examination, radiological examination, endoscopy, biochemical and immunological tests.Most of the cancer cases were diagnosed at BPKMCH (23908) followed by BPKIHS (9668) and BH (5959) and few cases from KCH (518) in 2003 to 2011. The total number of cancer cases were increasing from 2003 to 2011 and it become double in 2011. Out of 75 district of Nepal, more number of cancer cases was found in Kathmandu, Sunsari, Morang, Chitwan, Lalitpur, Jhapa, Kaski, Nawalparasi, Rupendehi and Kavrepalchowk in 2010. Similarly, in 2011 more number of cancer cases was found in Kathmandu, Morang, Jhapa, Sunsari, Chitwan, Lalitpur, Rupendehi, Kaski, Saptari, Bhaktapur. Lung cancer was the common cancer and similarly, other prevalent cancers were cervical, breast, stomach, ovarian and colo-rectum cancer in 2003 to 2011. The common cancers were lung, cervical, breast, stomach, ovarian and colo-rectum. The number of patients is increasing, which may be due to change in life style and lack of education.
Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide by Inhibiting the p-Benzenediboronic Acid-Triggered Assembly of Citrate-Capped Au/Ag Nanoparticles on Electrode Surface
Authors: Liu Lin , Sun Ting , Ren Huizhu
Published: January 2017

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique physicochemical attributes for creating effective recognition and transduction processes in chem/bio-sensing. In this work, we suggested that citrate-capped Au/Ag NPs could be used as the reporters for the design of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensors with a simple manipulation principle and an easy detection procedure. Specifically, p-benzenediboronic acid (BDBA) induced the aggregation of citrate-capped Au NPs through the cross-linking reaction between citrate and boronic acid of BDBA in solution. By modifying the electrode with a boronic acid derivative, the BDBA-induced assembly of Au NPs was achieved on the electrode surface. This led to a significant decrease in the electron transfer resistance due to the unique conductive ability of Au NPs. However, when the boronate group on the electrode surface was oxidized into its phenol format, the assembly of Au NPs on the electrode surface was not achieved. As a result, a higher electron transfer resistance was observed. The process could be monitored by electrochemical impedance technique. Furthermore, when Ag NPs were used instead of Au NPs in this design, the H2O2 concentration could be determined by measuring the linear-sweep voltammetry (LSV) current through the solid-state Ag/AgCl reaction of Ag NPs. The results indicated that NP-based colorimetric assays could be developed into more sensitive electrochemical analysis.
A Study of Dip-Coatable, High-Capacitance Ion Gel Dielectrics for 3D EWOD Device Fabrication
Authors: Clement Carlos , Jiang Dongyue , Thio Si , Park Sung-Yong
Published: January 2017

We present a dip-coatable, high-capacitance ion gel dielectric for scalable fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) devices such as an n × n liquid prism array. Due to the formation of a nanometer-thick electric double layer (EDL) capacitor, an ion gel dielectric offers two to three orders higher specific capacitance (c ≈ 10 μF/cm2) than that of conventional dielectrics such as SiO2. However, the previous spin-coating method used for gel layer deposition poses several issues for 3D EWOD device fabrication, particularly when assembling multiple modules. Not only does the spin-coating process require multiple repetitions per module, but the ion gel layer also comes in risks of damage or contamination due to handling errors caused during assembly. In addition, it was observed that the chemical formulation previously used for the spin-coating method causes the surface defects on the dip-coated gel layers and thus leads to poor EWOD performance. In this paper, we alternatively propose a dip-coating method with modified gel solutions to obtain defect-free, functional ion gel layers without the issues arising from the spin-coating method for 3D device fabrication. A dip-coating approach offers a single-step coating solution with the benefits of simplicity, scalability, and high throughput for deposition of high-capacitance gel layers on non-planar EWOD devices. An ion gel solution was prepared by combining the [EMIM][TFSI] ionic liquid and the [P(VDF-HFP)] copolymer at various wt % ratios in acetone solvent. Experimental studies were conducted to fully understand the effects of chemical composition ratios in the gel solution and how varying thicknesses of ion gel and Teflon layers affects EWOD performance. The effectiveness and potentiality of dip-coatable gel layers for 3D EWOD devices have been demonstrated through fabricating 5 × 1 arrayed liquid prisms using a single-step dip-coating method. Each prism module has been individually controlled to achieve spatial beam steering without the need for bulky mechanical moving parts.
Associations between sex‐organ deployment and morph bias in related heterostylous taxa with different stylar polymorphisms
Authors: Ferrero Victoria , Barrett Spencer C. H. , Rojas Danny , Arroyo Juan , Navarro Luis
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Populations of heterostylous species are characterized by two or three floral morphs with reciprocal positioning of stigmas and anthers. Theoretical models predict equal morph frequencies (isoplethy) when disassortative mating is prevalent in populations, but biased morph ratios may occur when variation in the expression of heterostyly causes deviations from intermorph mating.

METHODS:

We explore the role of sex‐organ deployment in governing morph ratios in two closely related genera of Boraginaceae, exhibiting striking variation in floral traits associated with the heterostylous syndrome. We sampled 66 populations of six species of Glandora and 39 populations of three species of Lithodora across their distributional range in the Mediterranean. In each population we estimated morph ratios and measured several floral traits. We used phylogenetically corrected and noncorrected regressions to test the hypothesis that differences in sex‐organ reciprocity and herkogamy are associated with deviations from isoplethy.

KEY RESULTS:

Biased morph ratios occurred in 24% of populations, particularly in Lithodora. Populations biased for the long‐styled morph (L‐morph) were more frequent than the short‐styled morph (S‐morph). Distylous species were less likely to exhibit biased ratios than species with stigma‐height dimorphism. In Lithodora fruticosa, a species lacking reciprocity, decreased herkogamy in the S‐morph was associated with increasing L‐morph bias, perhaps resulting from self‐interference.

CONCLUSION:

Striking variation in the expression of heterostyly in Glandora and Lithodora is associated with biased morph ratios, which probably result from pollinator‐mediated mating asymmetries within populations.