bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Quality of Service offered by Doctors of District Hospitals in Murang’a County, Kenya
Authors: Kiarie Maureen Wanjiru , Mbugua Doris
Published: October 2024

There is a growing concern about the poor quality of health services rendered to the population by public hospitals in Kenya. The study sought to investigate factors affecting quality of service in public hospitals in Murang’a county, Kenya. The study was guided by resource-based theory and theory of human motivation. A descriptive research design was adopted. The study population was 84 healthcare providers. Questionnaires were administered and the data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The study findings indicated that management support, employee motivation, and resource allocation had a positive and significant effect on quality of service in public hospitals. The study concluded that management support, employee motivation, and resource allocation contribute significantly to positive change in quality of services in public hospitals. The study recommends that County governments should increase the number of employees working per facility; hospital management, County government, and all relevant stakeholders should ensure availability of resources for easier functioning; hospitals management should be flexible and create a free working environment where staff would freely air their views on services being offered; the use and acceptance of information technology services should be scaled up and an awareness of its benefits should be communicated to the staff so that they can adopt the technology.
Analysis of Succession Planning and Sustainability of Family-Owned Enterprises in Nairobi Metropolitan, Kenya
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Maalim , Bichanga Dr. Julius
Published: October 2024

Family-owned businesses are very important in the world economy. These firms are helping to shape and define economies the world over. Between 50-60% of the workforce in industrialized nations is employed in family-owned businesses. However, in the 21st century, less of family-owned businesses are being formed. This study, therefore, sought to investigate effect of succession planning on sustainability of family-owned enterprises in Nairobi metropolitan, Kenya. The study specifically assessed the influence of identification of successors, successors' capacity development, and leadership commitment on sustainability of family-owned businesses. The study adopted a mixed research methodology where both qualitative and quantitative data were used. The target population comprised 313 family-owned businesses which are registered by the Association of Family Business Enterprises (AFBE). Stratified random sampling was used to select 176 respondents with help of Yamane formula. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Regression results indicated that a unit increase in the identification of successors resulted in a considerable rise in the sustainability of family-owned firms by 0.197. A unit increase in the capability of the successors would result in a considerable rise in the sustainability of family-owned firms by 0.266. A unit increase in leadership commitment resulted in a substantial improvement in the sustainability of family-owned firms by 0.332. The study concluded that family members are engaged in identifying a successor; successors' training provided them with the necessary entrepreneurial and financial abilities to take the company to the next stage of growth, and leadership commitment has a key impact in improving the sustainability of family-owned enterprises was indicated by this study. The study recommends that family companies should utilize independent boards and experts to help them make judgments on who will succeed them throughout the selection process of a successor. Future company owners should provide their employees with enough training and development options, such as a mentorship program and on-the-the-job training. Succession plan should be time-bound and updated to be realistic and relevant to the current situations in business life so that it becomes an invaluable business tool to guide transgenerational business transition while ensuring sustainability.
Service Differentiation Strategy and Performance of Cement Manufacturing Companies in Kenya
Authors: Mung’asia Carolyne Midecha , Rugami Maina
Published: October 2024

Cement companies in Kenya have had a dwindling sales performance between 2016 to 2019 despite the construction sector flourishing. This has caused some companies to go into receivership while others recorded a profit warning.  This study sought to determine the effect of service differentiation strategy on performance of cement manufacturing companies in Kenya. The study was guided by the resource-based theory and adopted a descriptive survey design. Target population comprised 375 employees of cement companies. The respondents’ sample was reached by calculating 30% of the total population to bring a total of 112 employees.  Questionnaires were the data collection instrument.  Data analysis was arrived at through descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Results showed that service differentiation (r=0.682, p=0.000) was positively and significantly correlated with performance of cement companies. The study concluded that service differentiation increases company efficiency as well as company loyalty. The study recommends that the companies’ management should devise steps and directives that will ensure effective implementation of feedback received on service improvement.
Organizational Strategic Change and Performance of NCBA Bank in Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Murithi Joy Rinya , Wainaina Dr. Lawrence
Published: October 2024

Kenya’s banking sector has contributed significantly to the growth and development of the economy. However, there has been a steady decline in banks' financial results as reflected in their profit margins. As a result, the goal of this research is to see how organizational strategic change affects NCBA performance in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive research design targeting 11 branches of NCBA bank in Mombasa County. The unit of observation included managers from the following departments: human resources, marketing, finance, operations, and information technology. Given the small size of the target population, a census of all 11 branches of NCBA bank in Mombasa County was conducted. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results indicated that organizational strategic change had a positive and substantial association with the performance of NCBA banks (r=0.699, p=0.000). The study concluded that strategic changes and the performance of NCBA banks were positively and substantially related. The study recommended that banks implement strategic reforms to improve their performance. Bank managers should adopt proper strategies for implementing change as well as make their employees aware of the changes.
How Instructional Resources Influence the Performance of KCPE English Language in Kalokol Ward, Turkana Central Sub–County in Turkana County
Authors: Ekai Natebele, A. , Kathuri Nephat , Wachira Rebecca
Published: October 2024

The English language has continuously been adopted as the instructional media in most schools in developed and developing countries. The performance of English in the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education is critical because it influences the performance of the other subjects considering that they are written in English with an exception of Kiswahili. However, the performance of the English language in Kalokol ward, Turkana Central Sub County, Turkana County has continued to decline. This study aimed to investigate the school-based factors with a specific interest in instructional resources to determine their influence on KCPE English performance in the Kalokol ward. The study was guided by input-output theory. A descriptive survey research design was employed for the study. A population of 698 respondents from all 23 public primary schools was adopted. Respondents comprised all the head teachers, 73 teachers, and 23 class 7 pupils amounting to 101 respondents. A proportionate simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the English language teachers whereas a simple random sampling technique was used in selecting one learner from each school. The data for the study was gathered through questionnaires, interview schedules, and focused group discussions. The validity and reliability of the tools was checked before being used in the study. Qualitative data was analyzed through the thematic technique whereas quantitative data were analyzed through correlation analysis using SPSS. Results of the study indicated that there was a decline in KCPE English performance in the last 5 years which was attributed to inadequate supplementary instructional resources. The schools lacked purpose-built libraries, multimedia resources storybooks, and digital information resources. The study indicated a statically positive significant relationship between instructional resources and performance of the English language in KCPE. This indicated need for the Ministry of Education to supply adequate books and improve policy regarding budgetary allocation to public schools for the purchase of supplementary books.
Effect of Strategic CSR Communication on the Brand Image of Selected Public Universities in Kenya
Authors: Mutwiri Sarah Gatwiri , Kubaison, Ph.D Dr. Simon Thiaine , Lyria, Ph.D Dr. Rita
Published: October 2024

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of strategic CSR communication on the brand image of selected public universities in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The unit of analysis was five public universities that have been in existence for more than 15 years. The study targeted the 1410 employees in these universities. The sample size was 206 employees in public universities. The study used stratified random sampling to select the sample. Primary data was collected in this research. Sourced data was mainly gathered by administering structured questionnaires. Excel and Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyse data. Data was analysed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Data was presented using means, standard deviation, and distribution tables in tables and figures.   Regression of coefficients showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between strategic CSR communication and brand image. The study further concluded that most Kenyan universities had an interactive form of communication that enhanced their brand image. In addition, the use of media channels during corporate social responsibility activities enhances the brand image of the institution. Further, giving true and honest messages during corporate social responsibility activities enhances the brand image of the institution. The Kenyan government, university partners, and university collaborators should offer support to the universities in their corporate image initiatives. It is also important for the Commission of University Education (CUE) as the regulatory body to ensure that universities in Kenya operate in a favorable learning environment necessary for satisfactory service provision.
Social-Cultural Factors Influencing Female Under-Representation in the Management of Public Primary Schools in Rigoma Sub-County, Nyamira County, Kenya
Authors: Moraa Momanyi Ruth , Thuba Dr. Esther , Kithinji Dr. Winfred K.
Published: October 2024

Various studies around the world show that the majority of public primary schools are headed by male teachers. Despite these observations, no systematic study has been conducted to identify the factors that contribute to this challenge, particularly in the sub-district of Nyamira. The purpose of this study was to investigate social-cultural factors influencing female under-representation in education management among teachers in Rigoma Sub-County. This study employs a descriptive research design. According to the study's findings, gender roles, culture, and conventional views all significantly contribute to the low presence of women in the field of education management. The study concluded that cultural problems led to the underrepresentation of women in education management among teachers. The study recommends increasing teachers' awareness of the impact of cultural factors in education to enable them to advance to leadership positions in schools.
The Impact of Hidden Curriculum in Theological Seminaries: A Case Study of JOS-ECWA Theological Seminary
Authors: Tukurah Haruna A. , Mbogo Prof. Rosemary , Ngala Dr. Francisca
Published: October 2024

The impact of hidden curriculum activity within the formal learning sessions of courses is real among theological school learners. In this paper, the study focused on Jos Evangelical Church Winning All (ECWA) Theological Seminary commonly known as JETS as a case study. The questionnaire was served to lecturers, non-academic staff, students, alumni, and immediate community members of the seminary to uncover what could be viewed as their understanding of hidden curriculum. The findings were presented in a statistical method using descriptive statistics, correlation, t-tests, and chi-square analysis. The findings indicated that the effects of the hidden curriculum on JETS students are obvious with an expected cell frequency of 22.0. There is a recurring hidden curriculum that is observed in classroom sessions by both teachers and students with a cell frequency of 12.0. When it comes to learning content in class, the attitudes of the students signal a cell frequency of 11.5. With the lack of committee members in place, the school will have difficulty spotting clear attitudes that do not agree with their training policy which the test statistics gave an expected cell frequency of 11.3. In the aspect of JETS using her immediate community to assess her hidden curriculum, there is a cell frequency of 10.8. The researcher recommends that JETS as an institution reflect on her hidden curriculum for the benefit of making her training objectives relevant to the society she seeks to serve.
Project Cost Management and Performance of Urban Road Projects in Kenya
Authors: Gitonga James Mureithi , Muchelule (PhD) Dr.Yusuf , Nyang’au (PhD) Dr. Samson
Published: October 2024

The construction industry has complexity in its nature because it contains a large number of parties such as clients, contractors, consultants, stakeholders, shareholders, and regulators. The urban road projects have been experiencing poor performance in form of delays in completion, high cost, and low quality. This paper sought to determine the relationship between project cost management and the performance of urban road projects in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey research, while the target population was 408 construction registered professionals within Kenya urban roads authority projects. A sample size of 202 was used. Primary data was collected through the administration of questionnaires. Findings revealed that project cost management had a positive and statistically significant influence on the performance of urban road projects in Kenya. The study concluded that project cost management significantly contributes to the enhanced performance of urban road projects in Kenya. The study recommended that construction firms’ management needs to strengthen project cost management. In particular, the management should focus on enhancing the following project cost management aspects: resource acquisition, cost estimation, cost budgeting, and cost control.
Effect of Decision-making on Growth of Youth-Owned Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Robert Maina , Ngugi Patrick K. , Kihonge Ephantus
Published: October 2024

Youth enterprises play a key role in poverty alleviation and if they are run based on entrepreneurial management skills. Despite their significance, statistics, however, show that in Kenya, three out of five youth run small enterprises fail within the first three years of operation, and among those that continue 80 percent fail before the fifth year. This study sought to investigate the effect of decision-making on the growth of youth-owned enterprises in Kenya. The research design used followed a cross-sectional survey. The target population included 55,300 youth-led micro and small enterprises in Kenya. A sample size of 397 youth-led micro and small enterprises was used.   Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and linear regression analysis. The findings indicated that decision-making (β=.501, P <.000) had a positive and significant influence on the growth of youth-owned enterprises in Kenya. The study concluded that decision-making contributes positively to the growth of youth-owned enterprises in Kenya.
Stakeholder Capacity Building and Performance of the ARV Supply Chain system by NASCOP in Kenya
Authors: Olwande Cynthia Jennifer , Tumuti Joshua
Published: October 2024

The study aimed at determining the effect of stakeholder capacity building on performance of the ARV supply chain system by NASCOP in Kenya. A combination of descriptive and explanatory research designs was employed in studying a target group comprising 541 pharmacists and pharmaceutical technologists across Kenya. From these, 229 pharmacists and pharmaceutical technologists were selected by use of stratified proportional sampling. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect primary data that was then analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, means, and standard deviation to draw insightful findings. To test the relationship and magnitude of relation between the variables, inferential statistics including correlation was used. The study realized that stakeholder capacity building is important at p=0.000 determined at 0.01 significance level. Of note was that capacity building correlated with project performance at 0.711. The study, therefore, recommended that NASCOP management should prioritize strengthening the capacity of the pharmacy stakeholders in the ART facilities countrywide. In particular, they should provide regular training on DHIS2, strengthen ARV records/ documentation and inventory management, and can conduct periodic supervision initiatives to track and assess the progress of ARV management in the pharmacies and stores across Kenya.
Relationship Between Level of Schooling and Incarceration Among Inmates of Kamiti and Langata Maximum Prisons in Kenya
Authors: Nyabuto Sukuru Clinton , Rugar Dr. Thaddaeus , Ogeta Dr. Norbert
Published: October 2024

The role of education as a human capital investment cannot be underpinned since it increases future legitimate work opportunities. Individuals optimally choose how much time to allocate each period to investment in human capital, legitimate work, and crime to maximize their expected lifetime outcome. Despite the educational attainment of Kenyans, the incarceration rate is as high as 60-80% above Africa’s average of 37%. The objective of the study was to: Determine the relationship between schooling and incarceration among inmates of Kamiti and Langata Maximum Prisons. The target population comprised 1,440 male and female inmates. The study employed a correlational survey research design. The sample comprised 313 inmates. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants. The data collection tool used was the questionnaire. To ascertain the reliability of instrument, the test re-test technique was used and a correlation coefficient value of 0.7 or more was acceptable. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. ANOVA was used to determine the variance of the responses of the levels of schooling. There was a strong negative relationship between schooling and incarceration among inmates of Kamiti and Langata Maximum Prisons (r= -0.701). The results were presented in the form of tables and figures. The study concluded that the primary school level has a higher predictive power of committing multiple crimes. The study recommended addressing inequities in the schooling of inmates. Components of technical education within the primary school curriculum need to be strengthened to reap optimal returns of skills acquired among inmates and thus in the long run individuals would avoid committing crimes or repeating crimes.
Factors Influencing the Conversion of Ngiturkana People in Turkana County to Islam
Authors: Charles Lochodo Malcom , Priest Chinyere Felicia , Mutua Henry
Published: October 2024

This study investigated factors that contributed to Christian conversion to Islam among Ngiturkana people. Islam has been on record as the religion that is spreading at a faster rate in the world and attracting a lot of people from other religious backgrounds and cultures. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the conversion of Ngiturkana people. The question this research intended to answer was what reason Ngiturkana Christians give for their conversion to Islam? The findings of this research reveal that there exists no single cohesive pattern that describes converts of Islam from Christianity. The study also reveals that there is denominational pluralism where some are from Catholic Church and others were Protestants. This appears to create a huge dissonance among young people due to different practices such as the place of Mary and the additional Books of the Bible. This research gives credence to Wayne Gruden’s conclusion that religious conversion involves adopting a new sort of belief. It is critical to notice that the converts recounted adopted a new set of beliefs and abandoned the religious beliefs they previously clung to. All the converts in this study neglected their fidelity Christianity and its related practices and chose to adopt Islam. The findings of this research also conclude that the experiences of converts are not specific to Christianity. The experiences are not the exclusive sphere of Christian conversion. Christians should have awareness and come up with alternative explanations of conversion. Also, Christians converting to Islam reported felt needs as leading to their conversion. This is also not a preserve of Christianity since it goes both ways. The converts in this study reveal an individualistic mindset even though they came from a collectivist society. Collectivist and individualistic personalities or cultures play a role in religious motives. In view of these findings there is a need for the church to develop the knowledge and skills of pastors. From the interviews, it is evident that pastors could not convince those who attended debates between Christians and Muslims. Pastors and church leaders therefore need training through introducing theological studies to teach them on church doctrines. Churches should conduct workshops and seminars to sensitize members on the significance of spreading the gospel to the Muslims and defend their faith. There is need for return and revival of biblical theology through Bible studies in the church and the Sunday schools for discipleship.
Influence of Permissive Parenting on the Management of Students’ Discipline in Public Secondary Schools in Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Mutunga Bernard , Guantai Hellen , Mbirirhi Daniel Mange
Published: October 2024

Discipline management in Kenyan secondary schools has becomes increasingly complex, partly due to the lack of parental guidelines and enforcement of rules and regulations. This study investigates the influence of permissive parenting style on the management of students' discipline in public secondary schools in Meru County. A descriptive survey design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches was utilized. Data were collected through questionnaires and interview schedules from a sample of 552 respondents, including students, principals/deputy principals, guidance and counselling masters, and parents' representatives. The analysis revealed that permissive parenting style did not have a significant impact on students' discipline management (X2=.000, df=1 and p-value =1.000>0.05; X2=.676, df=1 and p-value =0.411>0.05). These findings indicate that a permissive parenting style may not effectively contribute to effective discipline management in schools. Recommendations include encouraging parents to adopt a more structured approach that balances freedom and responsibility, and promotes responsible behaviour while maintaining authority. Implementing these recommendations is likely to improve discipline management in schools and contribute to a better society. The findings of this study can inform the Ministry of Education and Secondary School Management in formulating effective policies to address indiscipline associated with permissive parenting style, while also holding parents accountable for their role in discipline management.
Impact of Strategic Agility on Performance of Medical Employees in County Referral Hospitals in Central Region Economic Bloc, Kenya
Authors: Karatu Eunice Nkatha , Mutunga Stephen Laititi , Rintari Nancy
Published: October 2024

The demand for high-quality health care from patients and other stakeholders has grown over time while hospitals have failed in delivery of quality healthcare services. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of strategic agility on medical employees’ performance in county referral hospitals in the central region economic bloc, Kenya. Explanatory research design was used to collect data from a target population of 10 referral hospitals in Tharaka Nithi, Embu, Nyeri, Meru, Kiambu, Murang’a, Nakuru, Nyandarua, Laikipia, and Kirinyaga. The respondents were 1,804 medical employees including medical officers, doctors, nurses, pharmacists, specialists, and therapists. A sample size of 327 medical staff was selected using a simple random method, who were issued with closed. Piloting was conducted at Machakos County referral hospital whereby 33 medical officers took part in answering the questionnaires. In relation to reliability, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to determine the suitability of the research instruments. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistic like Pearson Correlation was determined and the results presented using tables and explanations. The study established that the management fostered a culture of innovation by rewarding employees and investing in promising opportunities, demonstrating sensitivity to change, and easily adapting current plans. Therefore, the conclusion was that there was a need for hospital leadership to prioritize strategic agility and support a culture of innovation. The study recommends that hospitals could prioritize strategic agility by fostering flexibility in decision-making and sharing goals with employees.
Examining the Impact of Resource Mobilization on the Performance of NHIF in Machakos County Kenya
Authors: Munyao Anne Ngina , Maina Samuel
Published: October 2024

Health insurance programs are frequently regarded as noteworthy social advances and significant avenues for industrial expansion. Nevertheless, the task of improving NHIF coverage and performance continues to present challenges, despite the existence of several motivating considerations. Presently, the NHIF provides coverage to around 15.8% of the population in Kenya; or almost 80% of individuals who own some type of health insurance. The performance of the NHIF has been a subject of criticism, despite its extensive coverage. The1main objective1of this1paper is1to1 examine the effects of resource mobilization on the functioning of the NHIF in Machakos County. The study used a descriptive design. The target population consisted of 93 staff of the NHIF from two of its branches and three satellite offices located in Machakos County.  The researchers employed the random stratified sampling procedure to acquire a sample size of 76 participants. Primary data was gathered through the utilization of questionaries. A preliminary investigation was undertaken to evaluate the dependability and accuracy of the research tool. This pilot study involved the participation of nine employees from Machakos County. Moreover, the application of descriptive statistics was employed to calculate the mean deviation.  The findings of the assessment were systematically arranged, succinctly précised, effectively offered, and comprehensively comprehended through the utilization of tables that distinctly illustrate the percentages and frequency. The study established that financing of NHIF in Kenya was majorly based on premium collection, Government budget allocation, tax financing, employer contributions, public-private partnerships, donor funding, and the development of an efficient administration framework. The study concludes that resource mobilization has a positive significant impact on the performance of the NHIF in Machakos County. NHIF should develop a long-term resource mobilization strategy that aligns with the NHIF's strategic goals and objectives.
Organizational Performance as an Outcome of Strategic Leadership in the Context of Selected Churches Affiliated with Evangelical Alliance of Kenya
Authors: Ouma Emmanuel Otieno , Muthimi Janet
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine how strategic leadership affects the performance of churches affiliated with the Evangelical Alliance of Kenya (EAK) by establishing the relationship between balanced organizational controls as an aspect of strategic leadership and the performance of churches affiliated with the EAK in Nairobi City County. The research design that was considered entailed a mixed-method approach that utilized a descriptive survey research design to investigate a sample size of 153 participants to help with the study. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered using semi-structured questionnaires administered by respondents, including leaders, pastors, administrators, and personnel in churches affiliated with EAK. A pilot study that involved 16 respondents from Agape Fellowship Church was considered to establish the reliability using the Cronbach alpha value of above 0.7 as the acceptable threshold. The study determined validity of the data collection instrument. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics techniques and presented in tables and figures, whereas qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis.  The findings of this study revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between organizational performance and balanced organizational controls. Regression analysis indicates that balanced organizational controls collectively explain 52.8 percent of the variance in organizational performance. The study concludes that strategic leadership significantly influences the performance of churches affiliated with EAK.  Therefore, drawing from the findings, recommendations have been fronted for strategic management to leverage this study's findings to comprehend balanced organizational controls, involving long-term focus, alignment of processes with goals, and continuous monitoring significantly contribute to improved performance in EAK-affiliated churches.
THE ELDERLY PEOPLES’ PERCEPTION REGARDING THEIR PSYCHOSOCIAL WELLBEING IN SELECTED MAINSTREAM CHURCHES IN AFFLUENT KAREN-LANGATA, KENYA
Authors: Gachuri Esther Wangari , Wambugu Ann
Published: October 2024

There is a global concern about the exponential growth of the aging population, which must be put into perspective. By 2019, there were one billion people who were 60 years of age or older. This study investigated the elderly peoples’ perception of their subjective wellbeing in selected mainstream churches in affluent Karen-Langata, Nairobi, Kenya. The study used a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach. Purposeful sampling method was used to select 11 respondents in the in-depth interviews and 12 respondents in the focus group discussions (FGDs). The population of the study was the category of the young-old who were 60-75 years old. Verbatim data was transcribed, and descriptive themes were generated to show individual perspectives. The study established those changes in family relationships, elderly autonomy, and environmental mastery impacted the elderly perception of their psychosocial wellbeing.  Some older children who lived with their parents supported them financially and with daily tasks, this had a positive effect on their psychosocial wellbeing. The National government should spearhead policies that ensure workers are given financial education to help them set goals while in employment to prepare for old age. To help the elderly improve their psychosocial wellbeing, mental health professionals like psychologists, counsellors, and marriage and family therapists should be availed to them. The church can organize talks and forums on healthy aging, healthy grieving mechanisms, and setting up structures and programmes for better support to the elderly.
Integration of the Principles of Social Cohesion and Peaceful Coexistence in TVET Institutions: A Case of Kenya School of TVET
Authors: Kariuki Dr. Samson Ikinya , Kiende Dr. Hellen
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper was to review TVET teachers’ employability and transferable skills, Occupational Standards and Curriculum to integrate principles of Social Cohesion and Peaceful coexistence in TVET institutions. This was in the context of the realization that social cohesion is an integral component of a stable TVET institution. The objective that guided the study was to tease out aspects of social cohesion and integrate them into the employability module to be used in TVET institutions in Kenya. The study adopted a participatory approach that engaged Kenya Technical trainers who were involved in the whole process in a bid to enhance their capacity in the curriculum development process. The target population was the KTTC trainers who taught the employability module. This study established that  inclusion of social cohesion aspects into the curriculum  had potential to produce a stable workforce that will bring about positive change into the society.The study also found that digitization of the employability curriculum  assisted the Kenya School of TVET to deliver the course online thus  attaining flexibility in the trainees learning.This study recommends that Kenya School of TVET  retools all Technical and Vocational trainers  in Kenya with a view to sensitize them on  critical aspects of social cohesion among them inclusion which has the potential to transform the mindset of the trainers  when dealing with trainees in their respective institutions.
Relationship Between Interactional Styles and Marital Satisfaction Among Christian Married Couples in two Selected Churches in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Aseka Edna Oyiela , Ireri Niceta Wanja , Menecha Jared Bravin
Published: October 2024

There exists a high rate of marital dissatisfaction due to marital conflicts, even among church couples. This study sought to examine the relationship between interactional styles and marital satisfaction in Christian married couples in two selected churches in Nairobi County. The study adopted a quantitative research method and used a descriptive study research design. The findings indicated a statistically significant strong positive correlation between marital satisfaction and interactional styles. The study concluded that communication was critical to the quality of a marriage. This implies that the greater the qualities of communication in a marriage, the greater the quality of marital satisfaction. The research recommended that the church should create greater awareness of the importance and significance of constructive conflict resolution as a vehicle for enhancing marital satisfaction among Christian couples.
Green Procurement Practices and Supply Chain Performance of Food and Beverage Processing Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Mary Wambui Sinaida , Chege, PhD Dr. Perris
Published: October 2024

The primary aim of this study was to establish the relationship between green procurement practices and food and beverage processing firms’ supply chain performance in Nairobi City County, Kenya. This research employed cross-sectional descriptive research designs. A total of 217 food and beverage processing businesses in Nairobi City County, Kenya, was the target. Stratified random sampling was used to choose a representative sample of 108 companies. Using a drop and pick-later approach, a structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. 15 processing companies from nearby Kiambu County participated in a pilot study that the researcher used to evaluate the validity and dependability of the research tool. An internal consistency method with a coefficient of 0.7 or above was considered reliable using Cronbach's Alpha. A diagnostic examination was conducted. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to the data analysis. The mean, percentage, and standard deviations of the data were displayed. To analyze the data, inferential statistics were employed. There is a strong and positive correlation between green procurement methods and supply chain performance. The results confirmed that the variable's P-value was 0.000, R2 = 0.446, β = 0.152, and t = 2.503. According to the study's findings, the majority of Nairobi City County's food and beverage processing companies have embraced green procurement strategies. The research indicates that the processing industry used green procurement extensively in a number of ways, including green specification, cost-cutting, eco-friendly products, environmental policy, green-designed products, environmental impacts, environmental awareness seminars, and the purchase of hard-to-dispose-of items. Therefore, the study concluded that processing firms must heavily invest in green procurement methods with regard to sustainable procurement practices to improve supply chain performance. Organizations should implement rules that prioritize the best green procurement practices. These include procuring products with green specifications and are eco-friendly, the firm to develop an environmental policy, the firm to reduce its environmental impacts in terms of energy conservation and conduct environmental awareness seminars.
Effect of Training and Development on Organizational Commitment in Insurance Companies in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Mandago Dr. Rael , Tarus Johnstone Kipcumba
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To assess the effect of training and development on organizational commitment in insurance companies in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Research Methodology: In a bid to effectively achieve these objectives, the study adopted a descriptive research design based on samples drawn from across the insurance companies in Uasin Gishu County. The target population was 754 insurance companies’ employees.  A two-stage sampling technique was adopted where stratified random sampling was used to select the insurance companies after which simple random sampling was used to select respondents within the insurance companies. The study used the Krejcie and Morgan table (1970) to calculate the sample size which was 260 respondents from the target population of 754 respondents. The sample size was distributed proportionally to the insurance companies according to Neyman’s allocation formula to maximize survey precision. Data was collected by use of self-administered questionnaires which was tested for validity and reliability after piloting 26 questionnaires at Kisumu city insurance companies.  Data was analyzed by use of both inferential and descriptive statistics using SPSS version 25.
Results: There is a significant effect of training and development on organizational commitment in insurance companies in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya.
Conclusion and Recommendations: The availability, accessibility, and relevance of training programs in an organization is critical for organizational commitment. The insurance companies should therefore ensure that employees working in the organization are highly skilled and motivated by developing training and development programs that are accessible, relevant, frequently provided, and improved on to meet the dynamic requirements of the organization for organizational commitment. The organization should provide training on new work methods and regularly conduct a training needs assessment for relevant and satisfying training. In this regard, the insurance companies should invest in this HIWS as information sharing, team-based support, incentives and training for maximal organizational commitment.
Effect of E-Recruitment on Employee Performance: A Case of Kajiado County Government
Authors: Ronkoine Pauline Sopilal , Nzioki Susan , Kiama Michael
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The widespread use of information systems in a variety of activities and departments for organizational competitive advantage and success has been aided by businesses' widespread acceptance of technology. Despite this, the Kajiado county government has been facing inadequate service delivery, which is exacerbated by personnel performance that falls short of deadlines or timeframes in reaching targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of e-recruitment on employee performance in Kenya's Kajiado County Government. The technological acceptability model supported the study.
Methodology: This study utilized a descriptive research design. A total of 1689 employees, including supervisors and unionized workers, were part of the study's target demographic. A sample size of 313 was chosen by stratified random sampling. Questionnaires were used to compile data. Quantitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis, while qualitative data was analyzed using statistical analysis. The data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Regression of coefficients showed that e-recruitment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance in Kajiado county (β=0.287, p=0.000). 
Conclusion: The study concluded that e-recruitment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance in Kajiado County. The government of Kenya should encourage all the counties to embrace the e-recruitment process. This is because e-recruitment minimizes paperwork recruitment and also minimizes costs. Counties should also use digital databases for their employees to minimize forgery and also for easier tracking of the applicants.
Influence of Strategic Leadership Styles on Performance of 3-star Hotels in Mount Kenya East Region
Authors: Ng’olua Annjoy Mukiri , Rintari Dr. Nancy , Kanyaru Ruth
Published: October 2024

The study sought to evaluate the influence of strategic leadership styles on performance of 3-star hotels in Mount Kenya East Region. This study adopted a descriptive survey design on a target population of 21 hotels with a 3-star ranking. Census method was used to include 21 general managers, 21 supervisors, and 84 section heads. Quantitative data inform of questionnaires were used to get information from respondents. A pilot study at the Izaak Walton Hotel Embu County was conducted to establish validity and reliability. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and mean were used to analyze linear regression. Inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation, model summary, ANOVA, and regression coefficients approaches were also employed. Data was presented using tables, figures, and explanations. The questionnaire findings revealed that 48(50%) of the respondents indicated that most of the management and control of the strategic implementation process of 3-star hotels occurred at top-level management. This was followed by 27(28%) of the respondents who indicated that management and control of strategic implementation process occurred at middle level. Additionally, majority of the respondents 47(50%) indicated very high and 35(36%) indicated that a democratic type of leadership leads to the most effective formulation of the business plan. However, 52(54%) and 30(32%) of the respondents indicated that bureaucratic leadership style was lowly and moderately used. The correlation coefficient of leadership styles r=0.910 at α < 0.024 and 99% significance level. It was concluded that the management has ensured that the leadership provided enabled the hotels to improve performance in regards to quality of services and utilization of shareholder’s resources. That notwithstanding, it was noted that most hotels practiced mostly bureaucratic leadership style that did not take into consideration the opinion of the workers on how formulated strategies could be improved. The study recommends that the management should attend leadership courses to learn about other critical leadership styles that can be applied to include junior staff in decision-making. The staff should also show interest in understanding how various strategies are formulated through close interaction with the managers. This would enable them to acquire invaluable knowledge and skills on the reasoning behind specific formulated strategies. The management should also develop institutional policies that encourage a staff representative into the board meetings to enable the opinion of the staff to be heard in an organized and respectful manner.
Women’s Empowerment as a Christian Strategy for Poverty Alleviation in Africa
Authors: Methode Rukundo Jean Pierre
Published: October 2024

This article argues that women’s empowerment and gender promotion are among the key strategies for poverty alleviation in Africa. This paper uses Rwanda as a case study to demonstrate the role women can play in poverty alleviation. The main argument made is that the church in Africa has embraced and condoned the African patriarchal systems and has taken part in women’s oppression which contribute to poverty in African societies. The failure to empower women limits their contribution to leadership and economic transformation in church and society. The methodology used in this paper is a hybrid between Critical correlation and Pastoral circle through consultative meetings, focus group discussions, and structured interviews. The research approach used is qualitative. The findings of the investigation show that the church has some theological principles and practices that mar the image and the dignity of women and hinder their complete emancipation and their full participation in poverty alleviation. The paper advocates for churches’ review of its theology and patriarchal church leadership and biblical reading which undermine women and to opt for intentional empowerment of women and gender promotion as strategies for poverty alleviation.
Relationship Between Risk-Taking and the Growth of Youth Owned Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Robert Maina , Ngugi Patrick K. , Kihonge Ephantus
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Youth businesses play a key role in poverty alleviation when run based on entrepreneurial orientation. However, these micro and small enterprises face a mix of achievement and frustration, with previous findings showing that three out of five companies fail within the first few long periods of activity, despite government efforts to improve the sector. This study aimed to examine the relationship between risk-taking and the growth of youth-owned enterprises in Kenya.
Methodology: The study is supported by expected utility theory. A cross-sectional survey methodology was utilized which incorporated qualitative and quantitative research methods.  A stratified sampling technique was employed to obtain 397 SMEs from 55,300 SMEs registered by the seven selected counties in Kenya namely; Nairobi, Murang’a, Nakuru, Machakos, Mombasa, Kisii, and Isiolo counties. Data was analyzed using descriptive and regression analysis.
Results: The study findings demonstrate that risk-taking had a positive association with the growth of youth-owned enterprises in Kenya.
Conclusion: The study concluded that risk-taking helps youth-owned businesses in Kenya to expand. The study suggested that owners of youth businesses should focus on how to carry out a thorough risk assessment and oppose any risk related to financial, social, and psychological risk respectively.