bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myeloperoxidase Is an Early Biomarker of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk in Prepubertal Obese Children
Authors: Olza Josune , Aguilera Concepcion M. , Gil-Campos Mercedes , Leis Rosaura , Bueno Gloria , Martínez-Jiménez Maria D. , Valle Miguel , Cañete Ramon , Tojo Rafael , Moreno Luis A. , Gil Angel
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE

Obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objectives of the current study were to evaluate plasma MPO levels in prepubertal obese children and to determine whether MPO could be an early biomarker of inflammation and CVD risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In a prospective multicenter case-control study paired by age and sex of 446 Caucasian prepubertal children ages 6–12 years, 223 normal-weight and 223 obese children were recruited. Blood pressure, waist circumference, weight, and height were measured. In addition to MPO, glucose, insulin, metabolic lipid parameters, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 were determined.

RESULTS

We found that MPO was elevated in prepubertal obese children and that this enzyme was associated with such proinflammatory and cardiovascular risk biomarkers as CRP, MMP-9, and resistin. Insulin resistance calculated by the homeostatic assessment model was the best predictor of MPO.

CONCLUSIONS

MPO is an early biomarker of inflammation associated with CVD risk in obese children at the prepubertal age.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Young Lean Men
Authors: Pamidi Sushmita , Wroblewski Kristen , Broussard Josiane , Day Andrew , Hanlon Erin C. , Abraham Varghese , Tasali Esra
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE

To assess whether the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects glucose metabolism in young, lean individuals who are healthy and free of cardiometabolic disease.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In a prospective design, 52 healthy men (age 18–30 years; BMI 18–25 kg/m2) underwent laboratory polysomnogram followed by a morning oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We stratified all subjects according to the presence or absence of ethnicity-based diabetes risk and family history of diabetes. We then used a frequency-matching approach and randomly selected individuals without OSA, yielding a total of 20 control men without OSA and 12 men with OSA. Indices of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion (early phase and total) were compared between men with OSA and control subjects. The incremental areas under the glucose (incAUCglu) and insulin (incAUCins) curves were calculated using the trapezoidal method from 0 to 120 min during the OGTT.

RESULTS

Men with OSA and control subjects were similar in terms of age, BMI, ethnicity-based diabetes risk, family history of diabetes, and level of exercise. Both groups had normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure and fasting lipid levels. After ingestion of a glucose load, men with OSA had 27% lower insulin sensitivity (estimated by Matsuda index) and 37% higher total insulin secretion (incAUCins) than the control subjects, despite comparable glucose levels (incAUCglu).

CONCLUSIONS

In young, lean, and healthy men who are free of cardiometabolic disease, the presence of OSA is associated with insulin resistance and a compensatory rise in insulin secretion to maintain normal glucose tolerance. Thus, OSA may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes independently of traditional cardiometabolic risk factors.
The stigma of reporting wrongdoing at work: When doing right is perceived as wrong
Authors: Bjørkelo Brita , Macko Maciej
Published: August 2012

The stigma of reporting wrongdoing at work: When doing right is perceived as wrong

The act of reporting unethical, illegal and illegitimate practices at work, whistleblowing, can be associated with a stigma for the individual in question (Banja, 1985). This article presents the stigmatizing position of reporting wrongdoing at work, types of wrongdoing and individual antecedents. Since empirical studies have shown very few systematic results regarding individual differences, one way to decrease societal stigma can be to relate the act of reporting to other known acts that are perceived upon as more positive within society. We therefore also discuss similarities and differences between the idea of whistleblowing and other concepts such as Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB), in-role, and extra-role behaviour before we make some concluding remarks.
Does work engagement burn out? The person-job fit and levels of burnout and engagement in work
Authors: Chirkowska-Smolak Teresa
Published: August 2012

Does work engagement burn out? The person-job fit and levels of burnout and engagement in work

This research (N=943) examines the relationship between burnout, work engagement, and organizational factors that play an important role in the strain process (development of burnout), and in the motivational process (work engagement). The aim of the study is to test the relationships of burnout and work engagement, on the one hand, and organizational factors—job demands (workload) and job resources (control, relations with co-workers and superiors, rewards, fairness, and values)—on the other. The results of the analysis call into doubt whether burnout and work engagement are opposite poles of the same dimension, or whether they are independent, though correlated, constructs. Exhaustion and vigour are not the extremes of the same energy dimension, but in the case of cynicism and dedication, the situation is not so clear. It can be said that we are not dealing with the burnout of engagement, but rather with a change in attitude to work (increasing cynicism) on the part of people not suited to their jobs.
Psychological universals and nomothetic aspirations of social psychology
Authors: Dymkowski Maciej
Published: August 2012

Psychological universals and nomothetic aspirations of social psychology

The experimental social psychology basically rejects idiographism, though its nomothetism is only sometimes similar to the one that dominates in natural traditions. This is illustrated in the paper on instances of the selected theories. They often differ from their equivalents in the natural sciences because they describe the instruments of human psychological functioning which either are non-universal or appear with various frequency in different cultural and/or historical contexts, fulfill diverse functions there, and even sometimes have a different meanings.
The problem of collaboration of Polish priests with Security Service in Lublin's diocese as exemplified by the agent "Bagiński" case
Authors: Kosobudzka Elżbieta
Published: August 2012

Problem agentury wśród księży katolickich w diecezji lubelskiej na przykładzie agenta "Bagińskiego"
The Historical Film as "A Double-Type Genre" Some Methodological Remarks on the "(Dis)Utility" of Genological Theories in Reflections on the Historical Film
Authors: Witek Piotr
Published: August 2012

Film historyczny jako "gatunek dwojakiego rodzaju". Kilka uwag metodologicznych o "(nie)użyteczności" teorii genologicznej w refleksji o filmie historycznym
Le district krasnostawski sous l'occupation autrchienne dans les années 1915-1918 (partie II)
Authors: Maleszyk Ryszard
Published: August 2012

Powiat krasnostawski pod okupacją austriacką w latach 1915-1918 (część II)

L'article démontre les activités économiques et les investissements des autorités autrichiennes pendant l'occupation sur le terrain du district krasnostawski, ainsi que les problèmes de la vie quotidienne de ses habitants. Dans la partie suivante, l'article décrit les institutions de la justice et les questions liées à l'enseignement sur ce terrain. Il décrit aussi, en abrégé, les activités sociales remarquables des habitants des communes, les parties de district qui ont abouti à une action bien organisée de désarmement des Autrichiens et de prise de pouvoir au début du novembre 1918. Par conséquent, cet article peut compléter les connaissances historiques sur la ville de Krasnystaw et le district krasnostawski au temps de la I
Public battles and private takeovers: Academies and the politics of educational governance
Authors: Wilkins Andrew
Published: August 2012

Public battles and private takeovers: Academies and the politics of educational governance

Introduced to the British education system under the Education Act 2002 and later enshrined in the New Labour government White PaperHigher Standards, Better Schools for All(DfES, 2005), the Academies policy was set up to enable designated under-performing schools to ‘opt out’ from the financial and managerial remit of Local Authorities (LAs) and enter into partnerships with outside sponsors. A radical piece of policy legislation, it captured New Labour's commitment to (further) private sector involvement in public sector organisation - what might be termed a neoliberal or advanced liberal approach to education reform. A consequence of this has been the expansion of school-based definitions of ‘public accountability’ to encompass political, business, and other interest groups, together with the enlargement of the language of accountability itself. In this paper I address the importance of rethinking conventional public/private, political/commercial divides in light of these developments and foreground the changing nature of state power in the generation and assembly of different publics.
Network Neutrality and Ownership Unbundling in Telecommunication
Authors: Danis Andrej
Published: August 2012

Neutralita siete a Ownership Unbundling v telekomunikáciách
Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) colonizing lowland floodplain forests in south Moravia (Czech Republic) and cases of its breeding in wooden nestboxes
Authors: Horal David , ŠKorpíková Vlasta
Published: August 2012

Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) colonizing lowland floodplain forests in south Moravia (Czech Republic) and cases of its breeding in wooden nestboxes

This paper presents data on the occurrence and breeding of Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) in south Moravia, Czech Republic (Břeclav and Znojmo districts), in the floodplains of the Morava and Dyje Rivers, since 1994, and the first cases of confirmed breeding from 2009 to 2011. In two cases, eagle owls bred successfully in large, wooden artificial nestboxes originally installed for saker falcon (Falco cherrug).
Adsorption of Chlorophenol from Aqueous Solution on Fluted and Commercial Activated Carbon
Authors: Ekpete O. A. , Horsfall M. , Tarawou T.
Published: August 2012

The adsorption of chlorophenol by an agro-based activated carbon prepared from fluted pumpkin stem waste was investigated to assess its possible use as adsorbent. The effect of pH, initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied to identify adsorption capacity of the fluted activated carbon (FAC). The results were compared to a commercial activated carbon (CAC). Adsorption data were modelled with the Langmuir, Elovich and Dubinin-Radushkevich classical adsorption isotherms. The data fitted the Elovich isotherm model better than Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich. According to the evaluation using Elovich equation showed the sorption capacity obtained for chlorophenol on fluted activated carbon as 47.62 mg/g and chlorophenol for commercial activated carbon as 38.46 mg/g. The data showed that fluted activated carbon derived from fluted pumpkin stem waste, an environmental nuisance in Nigeria could be converted to a useful activated carbon for chlorophenol removal in aqueous solution.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6435 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., vol. 27, 2011 p.1-10Uploaded date: 16 July, 2012
Effects of Antimony and Tin Additions in the Intermediate Ir1-x-y SnxSbyO2+0.5y Layer of Mn–Mo–Sn–O Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Production from Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Bhattarai Jagadeesh
Published: August 2012

The oxygen production anode for seawater electrolysis is composed of two layers on the titanium substrate. The outermost layer is electrocatalysts of ?-MnO2 type Mn1-x-yMoxSnyO2+x triple oxides and the intermediate layer preventing insulating oxide formation on the titanium substrate is generally IrO2. Due to limited amount of iridium, alternative materials to the intermediate IrO2 having sufficient durability and conductivity at high potentials for anodic polarization are required. In this context, decrease in the amount of IrO2 by substitution with SnO2 and increase in the electronic conductivity of the intermediate layer by Sb2O5 addition is performed in this works. The additions of SnO2 with Sb2O5 to the intermediate layer of the Mn-Mo-Sn-O/Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y/Ti anodes was effective to decrease the use of IrO2, maintaining the high electronic conductivity of the intermediate Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y layer and the high activity of oxygen evolution in seawater electrolysis at pH 1 for about 1550 h. The oxygen evolution efficiency of the nanocrystalline ?-MnO2 type Mn-Mo-Sn-O/Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y/Ti anodes with 0.208 M Ir4+, 0.208-0.416 M Sn4+ and 0.104 M Sb5+ in the intermediate layers was about 98.5 % during electrolysis for about 1550 hours without any degradation in 0.5 M NaCl solution of pH 1 at 25°C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6664 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 78-85
Intricate relations between Western anthropologists and Eastern ethnologists
Authors: Buchowski Michał
Published: August 2012

Western representations of the Other are criticized by anthropologists, but similar hegemonic classifications are present in the relationships between anthropologists who are living in the West and working on the (post-socialist) East, and those working and living in the (post-communist) East. In a hierarchical order of scholars and knowledge, post-socialist anthropologists are often perceived as relics of the communist past: folklorists, theoretically backward empiricists, and nationalists. These images replicate Cold War stereotypes, ignore long-lasting paradigm shifts as well as actual practices triggered by the transnationalization of scholarship. Post-socialist academics either approve of such hegemony or contest this pecking order of wisdom, and their reactions range from isolationism to uncritical attempts at “nesting intellectual backwardness“ in the local context (an effect that trickles down and reinforces hierarchies). Deterred communication harms anthropological studies on post-socialism, the prominence of which can hardly be compared to that of post-colonial studies.
Unfolding the crease in liberal republican citizenship
Authors: Krupa Christopher
Published: August 2012

The following article by Andrés Guerrero is an
unedited translation of the sixth and final chapter
of his recent book, Administración de poblaciones,
ventriloquía, y transescritura (Admini
stration of Populations, Ventriloquism, and
Trans-writing, 2010), a remarkable text of political
history and philosophy that has been largely
inaccessible to readers outside the Andean region.
1 Our publication of that chapter in this issue,
with commentaries on it and an interview
with the author, reflects the unusually loud
“echoes” (to use a Guerreroism) we heard in it of
Focaal’s efforts to promote unorthodox ways of
addressing the global and historical composition
of political critique. Extracting a chapter
such as this from its source cannot but leave
scars. Here we aim to fill in some of the missing
pieces to the story that follows.
Echoes arising from two cases of the private administration of populations
Authors: Guerrero Andrés
Published: August 2012

The article simultaneously explores three lines of reflection and analysis woven around the comparative reverberations (in space and time) between citizenship and the administration of populations (states of exception) in the Republic of Ecuador during the nineteenth century and the Kingdom of Spain in the twenty century. The first thread tries to answer the question whether it is possible for concepts generated in a country of the Global South to be used usefully in analyzing a different Northern reality, inverting the usual direction in the flows of transfer and importation of “theory.“ The second theme of comparative reverberation explores a network of concepts concerning the citizenship of common sense and the administration of populations, that is the “back-patio“ aspect of citizenship, particularly its historical formation in the domination of populations in the Republic of Ecuador during the nineteenth century. It is centered on the process of identification in the daily exchanges between interpares citizens and extrapares non-citizens. The last section involves testing concepts forged in the author's studies of Ecuadorian history for their utility in analyzing the current situation of modern sub-Saharan immigrants in Spain (using concrete examples), and their reclusion to the private sphere in spaces of exception and abandonment. Here, the article concentrates on the difference between the public administration of populations and the private administration of citizens. The article uses documentary material relating to nineteenth-century Ecuador and twentieth-century Spain and Senegal.
Iran at the crossroads of democracy and dictatorship
Authors: Rigi Jakob
Published: August 2012

The protest movement that emerged in Iran in the wake of the presidential election of 2009 has seen a subsequent decline due to the combined effects of repression and the timidity of the reformist leadership. The growing conflict between Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad around the upcoming parliamentary election of March 2012 has created a new political crisis. The radical section of the movement tries to use this split to launch a subversive strategy against the Islamic regime. Alternatively, Khamenei tries to rid himself of the last vestiges of the autonomy of any elected institution and establish a full theocratic dictatorship. Iranian society has two choices—either to subvert the Khamenei regime or to be subjugated by it.
Particle Handling Techniques in Microchemical Processes
Authors: Flowers Brian S. , Hartman Ryan L.
Published: August 2012

The manipulation of particulates in microfluidics is a challenge that continues to impact applications ranging from fine chemicals manufacturing to the materials and the life sciences. Heterogeneous operations carried out in microreactors involve high surface-to-volume characteristics that minimize the heat and mass transport resistances, offering precise control of the reaction conditions. Considerable advances have been made towards the engineering of techniques that control particles in microscale laminar flow, yet there remain tremendous opportunities for improvements in the area of chemical processing. Strategies that have been developed to successfully advance systems involving heterogeneous materials are reviewed and an outlook provided in the context of the challenges of continuous flow fine chemical processes.
Characterization of Aptamer-Protein Complexes by X-ray Crystallography and Alternative Approaches
Authors: Ruigrok Vincent J. B. , Levisson Mark , Hekelaar Johan , Smidt Hauke , Dijkstra Bauke W. , Van der Oost John
Published: August 2012

Aptamers are oligonucleotide ligands, either RNA or ssDNA, selected for high-affinity binding to molecular targets, such as small organic molecules, proteins or whole microorganisms. While reports of new aptamers are numerous, characterization of their specific interaction is often restricted to the affinity of binding (KD). Over the years, crystal structures of aptamer-protein complexes have only scarcely become available. Here we describe some relevant technical issues about the process of crystallizing aptamer-protein complexes and highlight some biochemical details on the molecular basis of selected aptamer-protein interactions. In addition, alternative experimental and computational approaches are discussed to study aptamer-protein interactions.
Induction of Apoptosis by 11-Dehydrosinulariolide via Mitochondrial Dysregulation and ER Stress Pathways in Human Melanoma Cells
Authors: Su Tzu-Rong , Tsai Feng-Jen , Lin Jen-Jie , Huang Han Hsiang , Chiu Chien-Chih , Su Jui-Hsin , Yang Ya-Ting , Chen Jeff Yi-Fu , Wong Bing-Sang , Wu Yu-Jen
Published: August 2012

In this study the isolated compound 11-dehydrosinulariolide from soft coral Sinularia leptoclados possessed anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptosis-inducing activities against A2058 melanoma cells. Anti-tumor effects of 11-dehydrosinulariolide were determined by MTT assay, cell migration assay and flow cytometry. Growth and migration of melanoma cells were dose-dependently inhibited by 2–8 μg/mL 11-dehydrosinulariolide. Flow cytometric data indicated that 11-dehydrosinulariolide induces both early and late apoptosis in melanoma cells. It was found that the apoptosis induced by 11-dehydrosinulariolide is relevant to mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways, elucidated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ym), release of cytochrome C, activation of caspase-3/-9 and Bax as well as suppression of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. The cleavage of PARP-1 suggested partial involvement of caspase-independent pathways. Immunoblotting data displayed up-regulations of PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP and ATF6/CHOP coupling with elevation of ER stress chaperones GRP78, GRP94, calnexin, calreticulin and PDI, implicating the involvement of these factors in ER stress-mediated apoptosis induced by 11-dehydrosinulariolide. The abolishment of apoptotic events after pre-treatment with salubrinal indicated that ER stress-mediated apoptosis is also induced by 11-dehydrosinulariolide against melanoma cells. The data in this study suggest that 11-dehydrosinulariolide potentially induces apoptosis against melanoma cells via mitochondrial dysregulation and ER stress pathways.
Fructose Rich Diet-Induced High Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Production in the Adult Female Rat: Protective Effect of Progesterone
Authors: Castrogiovanni Daniel , Alzamendi Ana , Ongaro Luisina , Giovambattista Andrés , Gaillard Rolf C. , Spinedi Eduardo
Published: August 2012

The effect of progesterone (P4) on fructose rich diet (FRD) intake-induced metabolic, endocrine and parametrial adipose tissue (PMAT) dysfunctions was studied in the adult female rat. Sixty day-old rats were i.m. treated with oil alone (control, CT) or containing P4 (12 mg/kg). Rats ate Purina chow-diet ad libitum throughout the entire experiment and, between 100 and 120 days of age drank ad libitum tap water alone (normal diet; CT-ND and P4-ND) or containing fructose (10% w/v; CT-FRD and P4-FRD). At age 120 days, animals were subjected to a glucose tolerance test or decapitated. Plasma concentrations of various biomarkers and PMAT gene abundance were monitored. P4-ND (vs. CT-ND) rats showed elevated circulating levels of lipids. CT-FRD rats displayed high (vs. CT-ND) plasma concentrations of lipids, leptin, adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Lipidemia and adiponectinemia were high (vs. P4-ND) in P4-FRD rats. Although P4 failed to prevent FRD-induced hyperleptinemia, it was fully protective on FRD-enhanced plasma PAI-1 levels. PMAT leptin and adiponectin mRNAs were high in CT-FRD and P4-FRD rats. While FRD enhanced PMAT PAI-1 mRNA abundance in CT rats, this effect was absent in P4 rats. Our study supports that a preceding P4-enriched milieu prevented the enhanced prothrombotic risk induced by FRD-elicited high PAI-1 production.
Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Climate Change in Caribbean Small Island Developing States: Integrating Local and External Knowledge
Authors: Mercer Jessica , Kelman Ilan , Alfthan Björn , Kurvits Tiina
Published: August 2012

Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are vulnerable to climate change impacts including sea level rise, invasive species, ocean acidification, changes in rainfall patterns, increased temperatures, and changing hazard regimes including hurricanes, floods and drought. Given high dependencies in Caribbean SIDS on natural resources for livelihoods, a focus on ecosystems and their interaction with people is essential for climate change adaptation. Increasingly, ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) approaches are being highlighted as an approach to address climate change impacts. Specifically, EbA encourages the use of local and external knowledge about ecosystems to identify climate change adaptation approaches. This paper critically reviews EbA in Caribbean SIDS, focusing on the need to integrate local and external knowledge. An analysis of current EbA in the Caribbean is undertaken alongside a review of methodologies used to integrate local and external expertise for EbA. Finally key gaps, lessons learnt and suggested ways forward for EbA in Caribbean SIDS and potentially further afield are identified.
Phenological patterns in a natural population of a tropical timber tree species, Milicia excelsa (Moraceae): Evidence of isolation by time and its interaction with feeding strategies of dispersers
Authors: Daïnou Kasso , Laurenty Eric , Mahy Grégory , Hardy Olivier J. , Brostaux Yves , Tagg Nikki , Doucet Jean‐Louis
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Population genetic structuring over limited timescales is commonly viewed as a consequence of spatial constraints. Indirect approaches have recently revealed reproductive isolation resulting from flowering time (so‐called isolation by time, IBT). Since phenological processes can be subject to selection, the persistence of flowering asynchrony may be due to opposing selective pressures during mating, dispersal, and regeneration phases. Our study aimed to investigate phenology, fruit handling by animals, and their interaction in a timber tree species, Milicia excelsa.

• Methods: We analyzed phenological data collected over 6 years on 69 genotyped trees in a Cameroonian natural rainforest complemented by data from germination trials and field observations of dispersers.

• Key results: Initiation of flowering was correlated with variation in temperature and relative humidity, but was also affected by genetic factors: pairwise differences in flowering time between nearby individuals correlated with kinship coefficient, and earliness of flowering remained stable over time. A decrease in mean seed production per fruit with increasing flowering time suggests selection against late bloomers. However, germination rate was not affected by seed collection date, and the main seed disperser, the bat Eidolon helvum, seemed to increase in abundance at the end of the reproductive season and preferred trees in open habitats where early and late bloomers are expected.

• Conclusions: The pairwise approach performs well in detecting IBT. The persistence of different mating pools in such a case may result from a trade off between selective forces during the mating and seed dispersal processes.
Le polar africain
Authors: Ferreira-Meyers Karen
Published: August 2012

Le polar africain est un phénomène nouveau. Il se divise en deux catégories : d’une part, les romans qui font une représentation de la réalité et, d’autre part, ceux qui reproduisent les aspirations du continent. Selon la critique littéraire, la littérature africaine est un miroir à travers lequel se reflète la vie en Afrique dans ses différentes composantes et sa diversité. Il ne s’agit pas uniquement de dire, mais de dire vrai, de situer dans le registre du vraisemblable une thématique qui relève de l’abject. Dans ce jeu des représentations, le roman policier affiche sa singularité au détriment des autres genres, notamment à travers un intertexte explicite avec divers discours sociaux. Le présent article trace l’historique de l’apparition et de la divulgation du roman policier africain de langue européenne, francophone, anglophone et lusophone, afin de pouvoir analyser la production contemporaine.
Mineral resource assessment of the Pacific Margin sponge reef areas of interest
Authors: Barrie J V
Published: August 2012

Glass sponge reefs (Hexactinellida, Hexactinosida) off the Pacific Margin of Canada are both geologically and ecologically unique and represent the only global occurrence. In order to provide protection to these unique living cold-water reefs, the Department of
Fisheries and Oceans under the Oceans Act have made the four large reefs within the Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area (PNCIMA) designates for protection as Marine Protected Areas (MPA). The federal government's process for evaluation of a MPA of Interest requires an assessment of the
non-renewable resource potential, including marine minerals. Based on the limited knowledge of the offshore British Columbia surficial mineral potential, two settings that may contain mineral placers of gold and titanium include drowned beach and reworked shelf deposits at water depths of 150 m to
the modern beach. In addition, extensive areas of construction aggregate and calcium carbonate occur on the shelf. The deep water sponge reefs within the Areas of Interest occur in depths below 150 m within glacial sediments and, therefore, outside the potential setting for mineral placers or
industrial minerals. Consequently, the enactment of the sponge reef Marine Protected Areas will not include any surficial mineral deposits of economic potential.
Modular Abelian Varieties Over Number Fields
Authors: Guitart Xavier , Quer Jordi
Published: August 2012

The main result of this paper is a characterization of the abelian varieties B/K defined over Galois number fields with the property that the L-function L(B/K; s) is a product of L-functions of non-CM newforms over ℚ for congruence subgroups of the form Γ1(N). The characterization involves the structure of End(B), isogenies between the Galois conjugates of B, and a Galois cohomology class attached to B/K.

We call the varieties having this property strongly modular. The last section is devoted to the study of a family of abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication. As an illustration of the ways in which the general results of the paper can be applied, we prove the strong modularity of some particular abelian surfaces belonging to that family, and we show how to find nontrivial examples of strongly modular varieties by twisting.
Hemispheric transport and influence of meteorology on global aerosol climatology
Authors: Zhao T. L. , Gong S. L. , Huang P. , Lavoué D.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Based on a 10-yr simulation with the global air quality modeling system GEM-AQ/EC, the northern hemispheric aerosol transport with the inter-annual and seasonal variability as well as the mean climate was investigated. The intercontinental aerosol transport is predominant in the zonal direction from west to east with the ranges of inter-annual variability between 14% and 63%, and is 0.5–2 orders of magnitude weaker in the meridional direction but with larger inter-annual variability. The aerosol transport is found to fluctuate seasonally with a factor of 5–8 between the maximum in late winter and spring and the minimum in late summer and fall. Three meteorological factors controlling the intercontinental aerosol transport and its inter-annual variations are identified from the modeling results: (1) Anomalies in the mid-latitude westerlies in the troposphere. (2) Variations of precipitation over the intercontinental transport pathways and (3) Changes of meteorological conditions within the boundary layer. Changed only by the meteorology, the aerosol column loadings in the free troposphere over the source regions of Europe, North America, South and East Asia vary inter-annually with the highest magnitudes of 30–37% in January and December and the lowest magnitudes of 16–20% in August and September, and the inter-annual aerosol variability within the boundary layer influencing the surface concentrations with the magnitudes from 6% to 20% is more region-dependent. As the strongest climatic signal, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can lead the anomalies in the intercontinental aerosols in El Niño- and La Niña-years respectively with the strong and weak transport of the mid-latitude westerlies and the low latitude easterlies in the Northern Hemisphere (NH).
Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)
Authors: Young P. J. , Archibald A. T. , Bowman K. W. , Lamarque J.-F. , Naik V. , Stevenson D. S. , Tilmes S. , Voulgarakis A. , Wild O. , Bergmann D. , Cameron-Smith P. , Cionni I. , Collins W. J. , Dalsøren S. B. , Doherty R. M. , Eyring V. , Faluvegi G. , Horowitz L. W. , Josse B. , Lee Y. H. , MacKenzie I. A. , Nagashima T. , Plummer D. A. , Righi M. , Rumbold S. T. , Skeie R. B. , Shindell D. T. , Strode S. A. , Sudo K. , Szopa S. , Zeng G.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Present day tropospheric ozone and its changes between 1850 and 2100 are considered, analysing 15 global models that participated in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). The multi-model mean compares well against present day observations. The seasonal cycle correlates well, except for some locations in the tropical upper troposphere. Most (75%) of the models are encompassed with a range of global mean tropospheric ozone column estimates from satellite data, although there is a suggestion of a high bias in the Northern Hemisphere and a low bias in the Southern Hemisphere. Compared to the present day multi-model mean tropospheric ozone burden of 337 Tg, the multi-model mean burden for 1850 time slice is ~ 30% lower. Future changes were modelled using emissions and climate projections from four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Compared to 2000, the relative changes for the tropospheric ozone burden in 2030 (2100) for the different RCPs are: −5% (−22%) for RCP2.6, 3% (−8%) for RCP4.5, 0% (−9%) for RCP6.0, and 5% (15%) for RCP8.5. Model agreement on the magnitude of the change is greatest for larger changes. Reductions in precursor emissions are common across the RCPs and drive ozone decreases in all but RCP8.5, where doubled methane and a larger stratospheric influx increase ozone. Models with high ozone abundances for the present day also have high ozone levels for the other time slices, but there are no models consistently predicting large or small changes. Spatial patterns of ozone changes are well correlated across most models, but are notably different for models without time evolving stratospheric ozone concentrations. A unified approach to ozone budget specifications is recommended to help future studies attribute ozone changes and inter-model differences more clearly.
Warming increases carbon-nutrient fluxes from sediments in streams across land use
Authors: Duan S.-W. , Kaushal S. S.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Rising water temperatures due to climate and land-use change can accelerate biogeochemical fluxes from sediments to streams. We investigated impacts of increased streamwater temperatures on sediment fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and sulfate. Experiments were conducted at 8 long-term monitoring sites across land use (forest, agricultural, suburban, and urban) at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Over 20 yr of routine water temperature data showed substantial variation across seasons and years, and lab incubations were conducted at 4 temperatures (4 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C) for 48 h. Results indicated: (1) warming consistently increased sediment DOC fluxes to overlying water across land use but decreased DOC quality via increases in the humic-like to protein-like fractions (2) warming consistently increased SRP fluxes from sediments to overlying water across land use (3) warming increased sulfate fluxes from sediments to overlying water at rural/suburban sites but decreased sulfate fluxes at urban sites likely due to sulfate reduction (4) nitrate fluxes showed an increasing trend with temperature but with larger variability than SRP. Sediment fluxes of nitrate, SRP and sulfate were strongly related to watershed urbanization and organic matter content. Using relationships of sediment fluxes with temperature, we estimate a 5 °C warming would increase the annual sediment release by 1.0–3.9 times. In addition to hydrologic variability, understanding warming impacts on coupled biogeochemical cycles in streams (e.g., organic matter mineralization, P sorption, nitrification, denitrification, and sulfate reduction) is critical for forecasting changes in carbon and nutrient exports across watershed land use.
A lightning climatology of the South-West Indian Ocean
Authors: Bovalo C. , Barthe C. , Bègue N.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. The World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) data have been used to perform a lightning climatology in the South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO) region from 2005 to 2011. Maxima of lightning activity were found in the Maritime Continent and southwest of Sri Lanka (>50 fl km−2 yr−1) but also over Madagascar and above the Great Lakes of East Africa (>10–20 fl km−2 yr−1). Lightning flashes within tropical storms and tropical cyclones represent 50 % to 100 % of the total lightning activity in some oceanic areas of the SWIO (between 10° S and 20° S). The SWIO is characterized by a wet season (November to April) and a dry season (May to October). As one could expect, lightning activity is more intense during the wet season as the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is present over all the basin. Flash density is higher over land in November–December–January with values reaching 3–4 fl km−2 yr−1 over Madagascar. During the dry season, lightning activity is quite rare between 10° S and 25° S. The Mascarene anticyclone has more influence on the SWIO resulting in shallower convection. Lightning activity is concentrated over ocean, east of South Africa and Madagascar. A statistical analysis has shown that El Niño–Southern Oscillation mainly modulates the lightning activity up to 56.8% in the SWIO. The Indian Ocean Dipole has a significant contribution since ~49% of the variability is explained by this forcing in some regions. The Madden–Julian Oscillation did not show significative impact on the lightning activity in our study.
IMPACTO DE LA PREPARACIÓN DEL SUELO SOBRE LAS CARACTERISTICAS FISICAS DEL SUELO, CALIDAD Y RENDIMIENTO DE LAS RAICES DE YUCA (Manihot Crantz), VARIEDAD ALGODÓN, NUEVA GUINEA - RAAS
Authors: Duarte-Centeno Nubia , Figueroa-Martínez Manuel , Hernández Luis , Aguilar-Bustamante Víctor
Published: August 2012

El estudio se realizó en el Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico (CDT) del Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) en Nueva Guinea, RAAS desde Octubre de 2005 a Agosto de 2006. El objetivo general fue evaluar cuatro sistemas de labranza sobre las propiedades físicas del suelo, el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de la yuca variedad Algodón, así como la calidad de las raíces. Los tratamientos estudiados fueron: subsoleo más encamado (SE), grada más encamado (GE), cero labranza (CL) y tracción animal (TA). El diseño utilizado fue un arreglo de bloques completos al azar (BCA) con tres repeticiones. Las variables de suelo evaluadas fueron: densidad aparente, densidad real, porosidad total y capacidad de campo. Las variables agronómicas estudiadas fueron altura de planta, diámetro del tallo, peso fresco de la planta, número de raíces totales por planta, número de raíces exportables, longitud de raíces exportables, diámetro de raíces exportables, peso de raíces exportables, rendimiento de raíces exportables, rendimiento de raíces no exportables y rendimiento total de raíces. Para el análisis de los datos se usó el paquete estadístico SAS Institute V 8 a base de Análisis de Varianza (ANDEVA) y comparación de rangos múltiples de medias por TUKEY al 5% de margen de error. El suelo preparado con tracción animal (TA), presentó los menores valores de densidad aparente y mayor porcentaje de porosidad del suelo. Las plantas de yuca alcanzaron la mayor altura, el mayor diámetro y mayor peso fresco con cero labranza (CL) y tracción animal (TA). El mayor número de raíces totales por planta fue alcanzado con tracción animal (TA) seguido de cero labranza (CL). El mayor número de raíces exportables, el mayor diámetro de raíces exportables y peso de las raíces exportables fue alcanzado con el método cero labranza (CL) seguido de tracción animal (TA). El mayor rendimiento de raíces totales fue alcanzado en el suelo con Cero labranza (CL), así como el mayor rendimiento de raíces exportables y no exportables con una relación de 76% de raíces exportables DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v11i17.774 La Calera Vol.11 No.17, p.26-32
GERMOPLASMA DE TOMATE SILVESTRE (Lycopersicum spp.) EN LA RESERVA DE RECURSO GENÉTICOS DE APACUNCA (RRGA), CHINANDEGA
Authors: González Benavides Alvaro , Cisne José Contreras , Querol Daniel Lipcovich , Centeno Juan Carlos Morán
Published: August 2012

Considerando la importancia del tomate como cultivo hortícola, el presente estudio se realizó con el fin de aportar información in situ y ex situ usando seis muestras de poblaciones d tomate silvestre (Lycopersicum spp.), endémicas de la Reserva de Recursos Genéticos de Apacunca (RRGA). Se implementaron normas de riego (0.4, 0.7 y 1.1 litros/planta/día) y niveles de biofertilizante (0, 100, 200 y 300 cc por bombada de 20 litros). Los experimentos establecidos ex situ fueron arreglados en diseños en franjas con tres réplicas y se utilizaron análisis univariados y multivariados en datos morfológicos. Los estudios in situ y ex situ indican que las poblaciones difieren en algunas variables, en donde variables de frutos y de planta fueron afectadas de manera significativa por las normas de riego y los niveles de biofertilizante, respectivamente. La mayor cantidad de frutos se obtuvieron con la dosis intermedia de riego, y los mayores niveles de biofertilizante. Los primeros tres componentes principales aislaron el 73.2 % de la variación total, y las dimensiones del fruto, longitud de tallo y entrenudos en la planta fueron las variables discriminantes entre los tratamiento conformados. Las poblaciones evaluadas in situ, con normas de riego y niveles de biofertilizante conformaron tres núcleos bien diferenciados. Las mediciones realizadas en las poblaciones en su hábitat natural (in situ) fueron menos variantes, en comparación con las poblaciones ex situ y expuestas a tratamientos. Las características encontradas en el tomate silvestre de la Reserva, sugieren que puede ser utilizado en la alimentación de las familias rurales, por lo tanto, se debe asegurar su conservación in situ y ex situ. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v11i17.775 La Calera Vol.11 No.17, p.33-40
ARBOLES DE SOMBRA E INTENSIDAD DEL CULTIVO AFECTAN EL RENDIMIENTO DE CAFÉ (Coffea arabica L.) Y LA VALORACIÓN ECOLÓGICA EN MASATEPE, NICARAGUA
Authors: Moraga Pedro Quezada , Bolaños Ilich Roger Taleno , Pilz Mario , Munguía Rodolfo Hernández , Jürgen Alfred Hermann Pohlan , Barios Mirna , Haggar Jeremy , Gamboa William Moya
Published: August 2012

En el año 2000 se establecieron dos repeticiones de un ensayo de café, en el Centro de Capacitación y Servicios Regionales del Café del Pacífico Sur – UNICAFE; una tercera repetición fue establecida en el año 2001 en el Centro Experimental Campos Azules (CECA) del INTA, en el Municipio de Masatepe, departamento de Masaya, Nicaragua. El propósito general del ensayo fue evaluar la influencia de diferentes tipos de sombra: Simaruba glauca + Tabebuia rosea (SGTR), Simaruba glauca + Inga laurina (SGIL), Samanea Saman + Tabebuia Rosea (SSTR), Inga laurina + Samanea saman (ILSG) y un cafetal a Pleno sol (PS), con dos niveles de insumo Convencional intensivo (CI) y Convencional moderado (CM), sobre la producción y rendimiento de café oro y la valoraron de los servicios ambientales como Biodiversidad, Captura de carbono, Conservación de suelo y de agua. Además, se incluyeron los tratamientos orgánico intensivo (OI) y Orgánico moderado (OM). Se determinó que la sombra afectó la producción de café oro, pero mejoró el rendimiento en comparación al cultivo a pleno sol. La combinación de sombra de SGTR interactuando con las aplicaciones de insumos orgánicos intensivos, registró mejor producción promedio (2674 kg oro ha-1) de la cosecha 5, superando al tratamiento a pleno sol con uso de insumos convencionales intensivo. Cafetales bajo especies arbóreas y nivel de sombra adecuada con un manejo orgánico intensivo pueden llegar a la misma producción que el cultivo a pleno sol con un tratamiento intensivo convencional. Adicional a esto, los sistemas con sombra mejoran la calidad y las condiciones ecológicas, también agregan valor por la madera, leña y frutos producidos y/o el pago por los servicios ambientales. El tratamiento SGTR brindó las mejores condiciones de hábitat y conservación de suelo, sin embargo, respecto a la fijación de carbono la combinación SSIL fue superior (24.41 SGTR vs 92.64 SSIL). Futuras investigaciones deberán evaluar más detalles sobre el efecto, uso y valor ecológico de especies de sombra y su influencia particular en la calidad en taza a diversas altitudes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v11i17.776 La Calera Vol.11 No.17, p.41-47
MONITOREO APLICADO A LA ELABORACIÓN DE UN PLAN DE CONSERVACIÓN DE Calycophyllum candidissimum EN FRAGMENTOS DE BOSQUE SECO DEL SUROESTE DE NICARAGUA
Authors: Noguera-Talavera Álvaro , Gonzalez-Rivas Benigno , Castro-Marín Guillermo
Published: August 2012

La fragmentación de bosques por actividades antropogenicas ha generado cambios drásticos en las características poblacionales de algunas especies, hasta el punto de presentar altos niveles de amenaza en ciertas localidades. A partir de la elaboración y análisis de una línea base de monitoreo se propone la implementación en la zona Sur de un plan de conservación de la especie Calycophyllum candidissimum. La línea base está constituida por información de parámetros poblacionales de la especie; elementos que forman parte de tres criterios y 12 indicadores definidos para la ejecución de un monitoreo efectivo y a largo plazo que enriquezca los elementos del plan de conservación. Los resultados del monitoreo sugieren baja densidad de la especie en fragmentos de 0.5 a 10 hectáreas. La relación entre mortalidad y reclutamiento muestra pérdida progresiva de los individuos en las poblaciones monitoreadas; aun cuando datos de regeneración natural indican un cambio positivo en la densidad en un periodo de tres años. La propuesta de plan de conservación está constituida por cuatro estrategias que reflejan la necesidad de completar monitoreo, la protección del hábitat, y el restablecimiento de la población de Calycophyllum candidissimum; además de un modelo que define buenas prácticas de manejo y conservación de la especie; y establece actividades puntuales para operativizar la estrategia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v11i17.777 La Calera Vol.11 No.17, p.48-54