bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol, and 15- and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in cereals by HPLC-UV detection
Authors: Yang D. , Geng Z.M. , Yao J.B. , Zhang X. , Zhang P.P. , Ma H.X.
Published: April 2013

Fusarium head blight is an important cereal crop disease, which not only causes yield losses but also mycotoxin contamination in wheat and other cereal grains. Developing an accurate, rapid and efficient assay is critical to minimise the risk ofFusarium mycotoxins for human and animal health. In this study, HPLC with UV detection was used to separate and quantify deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in cereals. Samples were extracted with water, and the extracting solution was precipitated by adding an equal volume of ethanol followed by solid-phase extraction. The analytes were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column by a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 1 mM H3PO4 with gradient elution. 15- and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol showed effective baseline separation. All analytes were well-resolved from matrix co-extractives and detected at 224 nm. The results showed good linearity of calibration curves (R2 ranged from 0.997 to 0.999) and excellent precision for inter- and intra-day determinations. Average recovery rates for the tested matrices ranged from 71 to 92%. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 16 to 25 ng/g and 48 to 60 ng/g, respectively. The results indicate that the feasibility and practicality of the presented LC-UV method are excellent and that the method is suitable for routine analysis of DON and its acetyl derivatives in cereal grains.
El Quijote filantrópico victoriano: Donna Quixote, de Justin McCarthy
Authors: Pardo Pedro Javier
Published: April 2013

El artículo analiza una novela quijotesca victoriana poco conocida, la Donna Quixote de Justin McCarthy. Para ello la sitúa, en primer lugar, dentro de la concepción del quijotismo distintiva de la época victoriana y, en segundo lugar, dentro de la tradición previa de quijotes femeninos, en particular como respuesta a Middlemarch, de George Eliot. A continuación, el texto estudia la originalidad de la novela dentro de la tradición quijotesca inglesa, que procede de la forma en que relaciona quijotismo tanto con filantropía como con feminismo, a través no solo de la protagonista sino de otras figuras quijotescas secundarias, y muestra la posición conservadora de su autor dentro del debate sobre los derechos de la mujer conocido como woman question. Finalmente, el artículo ilustra tal posición y su contexto ideológico presentando otra “Donna Quixote”, en este caso una viñeta satírica, tanto gráfica como literaria, sobre la llamada new woman.
Las celebraciones del III y IV Centenario del Quijote en Hispanoamérica a través de la prensa española de 1905 y 2005
Authors: Chaparro Domínguez María Ángeles
Published: April 2013

En este artículo se analiza la cobertura que brindó la prensa española a las celebraciones organizadas en Hispanoamérica con motivo del III y el IV Centenario de la publicación de la primera parte del Quijote, efemérides que tuvieron lugar en 1905 y 2005, respectivamente. El estudio de un total de veintiuna cabeceras, entre las que figura El Imparcial, El Liberal o La Correspondencia de España, del primer periodo, y El País, El Mundo o La Vanguardia del segundo, nos permitirá averiguar cómo se vivieron ambos centenarios en Hispanoamérica, qué importancia tuvieron en la prensa estos homenajes y, además, podremos extraer el carácter simbólico concreto que adquirió el hidalgo manchego en uno y otro periodo.
La recreación de los protagonistas del Quijote al servicio de la parodia del modernismo en el libreto de El carro de la muerte de Sinesio Delgado (1907)
Authors: López Navia Santiago
Published: April 2013

En la expresión afectada del personaje Silvio Lilial, antagonista de don Quijote en el libreto de la zarzuela de El carro de la muerte de Sinesio Delgado (1907), observamos una evidente crítica a las exageraciones del estilo modernista que supone una nueva muestra de la intención crítica (estética o ideológica) que anima a un nutrido grupo de recreaciones del Quijote. A través del estudio de los fragmentos más representativos de la intervención de Silvio, se establecen las relaciones de su forma de hablar con el universo estilístico del modernismo y se aducen, en su caso, ejemplos significativos extraídos de otros autores modernistas.
Auristela y Cenotia, personalidades horacianas en el Persiles
Authors: Colahan Clark
Published: April 2013

En la traducción de 1599 de un poema horaciano se lee, “tu buena yras como estrella de oro {astra} a las estrellas donde estaras colocada y tenida por Diosa”. No sólo apunta al primer empleo literario conocido del nombre de Auristela, si bien en lengua castellana, sino también a la divina apariencia de ésta en la Isla de los Pescadores. Para mayor sorpresa, la mayor parte del mismo poema consiste en una denuncia de la destinataria del elogio, la repugnante hechicera Canidia. Esta, cual la Cenotia cervantina enamorada de Antonio hijo, desea a Horacio a la vez que lo atormenta por medio de hechizos. En ambos casos el narrador se burla de los pretendidos poderes de las hechiceras, pero sin cuestionar la eficacia de su magia en el caso narrado. Cenotia, típicamente enfocada por la crítica como morisca, muestra varios rasgos de la hechicería romana clásica. Entre ellos está su vínculo con el fuego y las cenizas, visto incluso en su nombre, el que emparenta con el de Canidia. Sus encendidos deseos, como los de los seguidores de un antiguo hechicero de la Isla Bárbara, terminan en fuegos devastadores. La juxtaposición de la celestial Auristela y la infernal Cenotia parece manar de la oda horaciana, y comparten ambos autores parecidos motivos al formular su tratamiento ambivalente de la hechicería.
Del discurso narrativo al discurso teatral: selección léxica en Cervantes y Tirso
Authors: Tabernero Cristina
Published: April 2013

En este artículo se analiza el proceso de refacción textual o retextualización de la novela corta cervantina La señora Cornelia que Tirso de Molina llevó a cabo en su comedia Quien da luego, da dos veces. Partiendo del concepto de tradición discursiva como elemento significativo del cambio lingüistico, se estudia el modo en que un mismo contenido se plasma a través de selecciones léxicas diferentes o coincidentes en cada una de las obras mencionadas como consecuencia del proceso que implica el paso de los moldes narrativos a los teatrales. Las preferencias determinadas por el carácter diegético de la novela han de adaptarse en la comedia al discurso mimético.
Tristes tópicos cervantinos: periferia e identidad en algunos acercamientos posmodernos a Cervantes
Authors: Brioso Santos Héctor
Published: April 2013

Desde hace casi dos decadas, un grupo de cerventistas norteamericanas ha especulado con una interpretación americanista de las novelas de Miguel de Cervantes, en especial el Quijote y Persiles y Sigismunda. En el presente artículo, su autor analiza las bases ideológicas de tal hipótesis como una teoría arraigada en un posmodernismo crítico identitario.
Una colección de entremeses inédita y desconocida (con la edición de La cabeza encantada)
Authors: Madroñal Abraham
Published: April 2013

No disponible
Quod aliquando fuit, potest instaurari : parler latin au xvie siècle, une restitution en trompe-l’œil ?
Authors: Furno Martine
Published: April 2013

La Renaissance a souhaité restituer l’Antiquité y compris dans une pratique de la langue orale, dans la vie quotidienne. On peut se demander cependant jusqu’à quel point cet idéal est réalisable à une époque où pour tous l’apprentissage de cette langue latine est celui d’une langue seconde. En effet, la prononciation, que les savants le déplorent ou le cachent, est fortement marquée par les vernaculaires des locuteurs et leurs accents respectifs ; et lorsqu’un pédagogue comme Mathurin Cordier veut restituer une langue quotidienne pour les enfants, force est de constater qu’il s’agit d’une langue scolaire, idiomatique, qui n’a de réalité qu’entre les murs du collège, signe de l’impossibilité de revenir à une pratique de locuteurs natifs.
Traduction et « conversion » des épîtres héroïdes d’Ovide à la Renaissance
Authors: Chiron Pascale
Published: April 2013

Au xvie siècle, les Héroïdes d’Ovide, que ce soit par leurs traductions ou par leurs imitations, permettent de poser les questions qui sont au centre des préoccupations des humanistes et poètes français : la question de l’illustration de la langue française, celle du rapport entre la rhétorique et le lyrisme, celle du rapport entre la poésie et la morale, et enfin, la question du rapport entre le style et l’ethos du poète. En bref, Ovide, et ses « lettres d’amour » sont, à la Renaissance, les révélateurs d’une poésie et d’un champ littéraire en pleine mutation.
L’Antiquité comme miroir inverse des « misères de ce temps » : usages des références antiques dans la pensée politique du xvie siècle en France
Authors: Basset Bérengère
Published: April 2013

Si l’Antiquité est constamment invoquée au xvie siècle dans les textes qui proposent une réflexion politique, elle se prête cependant à des emplois qui varient selon la situation dans laquelle les auteurs écrivent et les options qui sont les leurs. C’est ce que nous mesurerons à travers quelques exemples choisis (Budé, La Boétie, Montaigne). Notre article se focalise sur les « temps troublés » qui engagent une forme de nostalgie à l’égard de l’Antiquité. Pourtant le présent n’est jamais désarrimé de ce passé qui continue, au prix de déformations parfois, à avoir une action fécondante, au niveau collectif ou individuel. Restituer l’Antiquité devient alors le « processus intérieur » qui constitue selon Nietzsche « la vraie culture ».
Henry de Montherlant « entre les deux mondes » : la leçon des manuscrits (II)
Authors: Duroisin Pierre
Published: April 2013

Cet article complète celui qui a paru sous le même titre dans le n° 16 d’Anabases. Un ensemble de manuscrits « Sur la religion » où Trajan et Tibère côtoient les érudits de la Renaissance nous aidera d’abord à mieux comprendre ce que recouvre le credo de Montherlant : « Absence de foi ; mais sympathie pour la religion, mêlée à amour pour le grand Pan ». Après quoi on reviendra au manuscrit de 1922 pour son volet Julien l’Apostat. Un volet presque entièrement constitué de notes de lecture relatives à Julien où surgit, comme par accident, le philosophe Peregrinos, en mémoire de qui l’écrivain publiera bientôt un essai intitulé, pour répondre au pamphlet homonyme de Lucien, La Mort de Peregrinos.
Real-Time Fuzzy Logic-based Hybrid Robot Path-Planning Strategies for a Dynamic Environment
Authors: Reyes Napoleon H. , Barczak Andre L.C. , Susnjak Teo , Sincák Peter , Vašcák Ján
Published: April 2013

This chapter sets out to explore the intricacies behind developing a hybrid system for real-time autonomous robot navigation, with target pursuit and obstacle avoidance behaviour, in a dynamic environment. Three complete systems are described, namely, a cascade of four fuzzy systems, a hybrid fuzzy A* system, and a hybrid fuzzy A* with a Voronoi diagram. A highly reconfigurable integration architecture is presented, allowing for the harmonious interplay between the different component algorithms, with the option of engaging or disengaging from the system. The utilization of both global and local information about the environment is examined, as well as an additional optimal global path-planning layer. Moreover, how a fuzzy system design approach could take advantage of the presence of symmetry in the input space, cutting down the number of rules and membership functions, without sacrificing control precision is illustrated. The efficiency of all the algorithms is demonstrated by employing them in a simulation of a real-world system: the robot soccer game. Results indicate that the hybrid system can generate smooth, near-shortest paths, as well as near-shortest-safest paths, when all component algorithms are activated. A systematic approach to calibrating the system is also provided.
Globalization and Human Resources Management
Authors: Bal Yasemin , Bozkurt Serdar
Published: April 2013

As a result of globalization, many firms have begun to compete on a worldwide basis. This situation has led Human Resources Management (HRM) to gain more importance in the global arena and “international HRM” field. Over the past few decades, international HRM has gained considerable attention from both academicians and practitioners. The increasing globalization of business has required organizations to manage their workforces effectively. Managing a foreign workforce can differ drastically from managing a domestic one. HRM in the international context requires managing diverse workforces originating from different nationalities with various cultures. Therefore, workforce diversity has become increasingly important for organizations that plan to expand into global markets and target different consumer groups. Organizations can adopt different approaches for managing their workforces and every function of HRM systems should be designed consistent to the workforce diversity of the organization. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the concept of international HRM and diverse workforce in global organizations. Additionally, the importance of managing diverse workforces effectively in global organizations in the context of HRM functions and the role of HRM in this process will be discussed briefly.
International Diversity Management
Authors: Vassilopoulou Joana , Da Rocha Jose Pascal , Seierstad Cathrine , April Kurt , Ozbilgin Mustafa
Published: April 2013

This chapter develops earlier work in the field by Ozbilgin and Tatli (2008) and uses examples of three countries–the USA, South Africa, and Norway–to illustrate the complexity of managing diversity across national borders. Key challenges of international diversity management are highlighted. These three cases have been selected using a theoretically driven, maximum variation approach. The concept of diversity management initially evolved and was developed in the USA. In contrast, South Africa is of interest due to its specific Apartheid past and its post-Apartheid challenges related to diversity management. Lastly, Norway is ranked among the best and most equal countries in the world. By exploring these different examples, we question the assumption that there can be a one best way to manage diversity in an international context.
Promoting Global Virtual Teams Across the Globe
Authors: Zakaria Norhayati , Al Safi Ghadeer
Published: April 2013

This chapter presents a preliminary understanding of cross-cultural challenges and synergistic experiences of multicultural students engaged in Global Virtual Teams (GVTs). In this case study, we introduce the GVT structure as a novel learning platform which utilizes Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) tools as part of its virtual-based learning. We administer the case study with 30 students (n=30) in the United of Emirates (UAE) who engage in GVTs across the globe—encompassing 26 universities and 22 countries. Qualitative data is collected in the form of documents—reflective reports of the students’ experiential learning over a 10-week period. We content analyse the reports based on the thematic analysis with two distinctive categories—cultural challenges and cultural synergies based on the first seven weeks of the experiential learning process. In this study, we find that students experienced challenges such as managing technical difficulty, language barriers, deteriorating motivations, geographical distance, time differences, and non-committed and unresponsive attitude. However, students also experience synergies from the GVTs such as strong relationships and continued friendships, formation of emergent leadership, learned diverse managerial styles and competencies skills, varied use of varied CMC tools, and international exposure to diverse cultures without the need to travel abroad.
Work-Groups Conflict at PetroTech-Italy, S.R.L.
Authors: Camillo Angelo , Di Pietro Loredana , Di Virgilio Francesca , Franco Massimo
Published: April 2013

Field experts take numerous approaches to modeling how culture influences groups in dealing with interpersonal conflict and its dynamics. Researchers investigate cultural traits that may predict a range of cultural conflict behaviors. In addition, anecdotal evidence shows that researchers continue to take up a constructivist approach of identifying the centrality of cultural influence that causes work related conflicts. This study attempts to determine the different types and levels of conflicts within a multicultural workforce by considering various factors such as ethnicity and geographic and lingual diversities within the global context. The scope is to find possible solutions to reduce and/or eliminate group related and, to a certain extent, individual conflicts within the work place, which have become a matter of concern for any international organization. The findings reveal systematic conflicts between and within work-groups and suggest that regardless of type, relationship, and process, conflicts are detrimental to the operation and total outcome. Those conflicts have a negative impact on performance in the production, especially when they escalate. Displays of interpersonal hostility (yelling, name-calling, throwing things at people and making derogatory inferences about others’ own cultures) prevent productive work in all groups, which are inefficient and do not seem motivated to complete their tasks. Increased bickering and hostile behaviour inhibits talking about and working on the immediate task. To a certain extent, the situation could be described as a “toxic working environment.” A key finding reveals through interviews and participative and non-intrusive observations demonstrated that members of these work-groups are psychologically distressed when there are frequent arguments about interpersonal issues. Consequently, the intrinsic problems which escalate over a five year period, together with extrinsic economic problems due to the global economic downturn, cause the company to have high cost of labor and material. With less than expected sales and, operational destruction due to distress about going concern, PTI is put to challenge. Hence, PTI faces a serious test in solving the existing group conflicts. Failure to improve the working relationships could jeopardize the strategic going concern of the company.
Culture and Websites Interaction
Authors: Nacar Ramazan , Burnaz Sebnem , Uray Nimet
Published: April 2013

With the increasing globalization of the business world, websites have become ever more important tools in international business. After the invention of websites, researchers have begun to analyze the websites as they have for traditional communication channels. Websites, as the communication medium of global firms, are not culturally neutral mediums. Website components should be analyzed very carefully in terms of their interaction with cultural issues to come up with culturally adapted websites. In this chapter, 114 studies on culture and websites are critically reviewed, and selected papers among them from a variety of areas such as marketing, communications, management, information technologies, and others, are analyzed in detail to consolidate the existing knowledge and approaches. This chapter aims to analyze how scholarly research on the interaction of culture and websites has developed. The studies are categorized according to the framework developed and selected. Forty of them are discussed in detail under some subcategories. A number of conceptual and methodological issues that deserve more attention are discussed to fulfill the high potential of websites. A state-of-the-art review of several innovative advances in culture and websites is provided to stimulate new streams for future research, and future research recommendations are proposed at the end of the chapter.
Managerial Communication in the Global Cross-Cultural Context
Authors: Camillo Angelo , Di Pietro Loredana
Published: April 2013

Managerial Communication today is an integral component of many business related disciplines (strategic management, leadership, strategic marketing, business ethics, etc.). However, within the context of global business management, Managerial Communication follows under the broad umbrella of “Business Communication.” Communication with internal and external stakeholders demands careful consideration regardless of the industry. Having a managerial communication policy in place allows for strategic information dissemination as well as the protection of transmission of confidential data. This chapter discusses the topic of communication in general with emphasis on managerial communication within the cross-cultural context. The result of a qualitative study used in this chapter confirms that efficient communication strategies and effective communications policy implementation can propel a firm to success. Within this framework and that of managerial leadership effectiveness, managerial communication does not refer to media communication or journalism for that matter; instead, it focuses solely on managerial communication within the context of global business management.
Encryption Schemes with Hyper-Complex Number Systems and Their Hardware-Oriented Implementation
Authors: Doukhnitch Evgueni , Chefranov Alexander G. , Mahmoud Ahmed
Published: April 2013

Quaternion Encryption Scheme (QES) is shown to be susceptible to the Known Plaintext-Ciphertext Attack (KPCA) due to improper choice of frame size and the procedure of secret quaternion updating. In this chapter, the authors propose a modification of the QES (M-QES) that is resistant to the KPCA. The M-QES is based on adjusting the frame size and the quaternion update procedure. An approach for effective hardware implementation of the proposed algorithm, HW-QES, is discussed. The HW-QES uses addition and shift operations. Extension of quaternion approach to another hyper-complex number systems, octonions, is used for designing a new hardware-oriented encryption algorithm, HW-OES. Experimental results show that the proposed M-QES and HW-QES are six-eight times more effective in the encryption quality of signals than the original QES. Additionally, M-QES and HW-OES are shown to be significantly more effective in the encryption quality of images than the original QES and well-known AES. The results show that the performance of the HW-QES is only 10% worse than that of QES.
Design Time Engineering of Side Channel Resistant Cipher Implementations
Authors: Barenghi Alessandro , Breveglieri Luca , De Santis Fabrizio , Melzani Filippo , Palomba Andrea , Pelosi Gerardo
Published: April 2013

Dependable and trustworthy security solutions have emerged as a crucial requirement in the specification of the applications and protocols employed in modern Information Systems (IS). Threats to the security of embedded devices, such as smart phones and PDAs, have been growing since several techniques exploiting side-channel information leakage have proven successful in recovering secret keys even from complex mobile systems. This chapter summarizes the side-channel techniques based on power consumption and elaborates the issue of the design time engineering of a secure system, through the employment of the current hardware design tools. The results of the analysis show how these tools can be effectively used to understand possible vulnerabilities to power consumption side-channel attacks, thus providing a sound conservative margin on the security level. The possible extension of this methodology to the case of fault attacks is also sketched.
A Survey on Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Korkmaz Ilker , Dagdeviren Orhan , Tekbacak Fatih , Dalkilic Mehmet Emin
Published: April 2013

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising technology that has attracted the interest of research in the last decade. Security is one of the fundamental issues in sensor networks since sensor nodes are very resource constrained. An attacker may modify, insert, and delete new hardware and software components to the system where a single node, a specific part of the sensing area, and the whole network may become inoperable. Thus, the design of early attack detection and defense mechanisms must be carefully considered. In this chapter, the authors survey attacks and their defense mechanisms in WSNs. Attacks are categorized according to the related protocol layer. They also investigate the open research issues and emerging technologies on security in WSNs.
PKI Trust Models
Authors: Jøsang Audun
Published: April 2013

A PKI can be described as a set of technologies, procedures, and policies for propagating trust from where it initially exists to where it is needed for authentication in online environments. How the trust propagation takes place under a specific PKI depends on the PKI’s syntactic trust structure, which is commonly known as a trust model. However, trust is primarily a semantic concept that cannot be expressed in syntactic terms alone. In order to define meaningful trust models for PKIs it is also necessary to consider the semantic assumptions and human cognition of trust relationships, as explicitly or implicitly expressed by certification policies, legal contractual agreements between participants in a PKI, and by how identity information is displayed and represented. Of the many different PKI trust models proposed in the literature, some have been implemented and are currently used in practical settings, from small personal networks to large-scale private and public networks such as the Internet. This chapter takes a closer look at the most prominent and widely used PKI trust models, and discusses related semantic issues.
Entity Authentication and Trust Validation in PKI Using Petname Systems
Authors: Ferdous Md. Sadek , Jøsang Audun
Published: April 2013

Recognition of identities and certainty about identity ownership are crucial factors for secure communication in digital environments. Identity Management Systems have been designed to aid users as well as organisations to manage different user identities. However, traditional Identity Management Systems are primarily designed to facilitate the management of identities from the perspective of the service provider, but provide little support on the user side to manage organisational identities. Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) is the primary tool in aiding users to manage such identities on their sides as well as to establish trust during online transactions. Nevertheless, the complexities and difficulties involved in managing and understanding such certificates from the general public’s point of view are overlooked. This causes vulnerabilities that open up for serious attacks such as identity theft and Phishing. Petname Systems have been proposed for managing organisational identities on the user side in order to improve the user friendliness and to strengthen security. This chapter provides an analysis of the Petname Model by describing its history and background, properties, application domains, and usability issues, and explains how a Petname System can be effectively combined with the PKI to recognise identities and impose certainty by validating the user trust on those identities. The chapter also presents an analysis on two applications that integrate the Public Key Infrastructure with the Petname Model.
Building a Trusted Environment for Security Applications
Authors: Cabiddu Giovanni , Lioy Antonio , Ramunno Gianluca
Published: April 2013

Security controls (such as encryption endpoints, payment gateways, and firewalls) rely on correct program execution and secure storage of critical data (such as cryptographic keys and configuration files). Even when hardware security elements are used (e.g. cryptographic accelerators) software is still—in the form of drivers and libraries—critical for secure operations. This chapter introduces the features and foundations of Trusted Computing, an architecture that exploits the low-cost TPM chip to measure the integrity of a computing platform. This allows the detection of static unauthorized manipulation of binaries (be them OS components or applications) and configuration files, hence quickly detecting software attacks. For this purpose, Trusted Computing provides enhanced security controls, such as sealed keys (that can be accessed only by good applications when the system is in a safe state) and remote attestation (securely demonstrating the software state of a platform to a remote network verifier). Besides the theoretical foundation, the chapter also guides the reader towards creation of applications that enhance their security by using the features provided by the underlying PC-class trusted platform.
Real-Time Scheduling and Control of Single-Arm Cluster Tools with Residency Time Constraint and Activity Time Variation by Using Resource-Oriented Petri Nets
Authors: Qiao Yan , Wu NaiQi , Zhou MengChu
Published: April 2013

In semiconductor manufacturing, when a wafer is processed, it requires unloading from its process module in a given time interval, otherwise it is scraped. This requirement is called wafer residency time constraints. Thus, it is crucial to schedule a cluster tool such that the wafer sojourn time in a process module is within a given time window to satisfy the wafer residency time constraints. Besides wafer residency time constraints, in a cluster tool, the activity time is subject to variation. The activity time variation can make a feasible schedule obtained under the assumption of deterministic activity times become infeasible. To solve this problem, it is important to reveal the wafer sojourn time fluctuations with bounded activity time variation. Such an issue is addressed in this chapter for single-arm cluster tools. A single-arm cluster tool is modeled by a resource-oriented Petri net to describe the wafer fabrication processes. Based on it, a real-time control policy is proposed such that it offsets the effect of the activity time variation as much as possible. Then, the wafer sojourn time delay in a process module is analyzed and analytical expressions are derived to calculate the upper bound. With the help of the real-time control policy and wafer sojourn time delay analysis results, schedulability conditions and scheduling algorithms for an off-line schedule are presented in this chapter. The schedulability conditions can be analytically checked. If schedulable, an off-line schedule can be analytically found. The off-line schedule together with the real-time control policy forms the real-time schedule for the system. It is optimal in terms of cycle time minimization. Examples are given to show the application of the proposed approach.
e-Society and Children’s Participation
Authors: O’Neill Brian
Published: April 2013

Children constitute an important group within policy discussion on information society issues, particularly in the context of digital learning opportunities and e-inclusion. However, their participation in e-society is also a cause for some public and policy concern. With ever-earlier adoption of new internet technologies and services by children, questions arise as to how to best ensure their protection whilst seeking to encourage positive online opportunities. A delicate balancing act is required to manage risks they may encounter while promoting greater participation online. To better inform this policy field, EU Kids Online conducted a pan-European survey of children’s use of the internet, resulting in the first fully comparable evidence base of children’s use of the internet in 25 European countries. Drawing on its findings, this chapter examines children’s participation in e-society and addresses the nature of online opportunities, the kinds of digital skills required and evidence of the risks young people may face on the internet. The chapter argues that greater attention to children’s perspectives on e-society is needed to foster greater online trust and participation.
A Guide to Online Applications for User Involvement in Living Lab Innovation
Authors: Følstad Asbjørn , Karahasanovic Amela
Published: April 2013

The use of Living Labs is gaining importance as an approach to involve users in innovation and development, serving to make users active participants in the development of the networked society. However, Living Labs are currently not taking full advantage of online applications to support user involvement, even though such applications are gaining impact in other fields of innovation. The purpose of this chapter is to: (i) present a framework to classify and relate online applications for user involvement to the Living Lab context and (ii) present a set of guidelines for the usage of such applications within Living Labs. The framework and the guidelines are the results of a collaborative process involving seven Living Lab researchers from four Nordic Living Labs and are meant to guide Living Lab administrators on whether or how to use online applications for user involvement. The framework and the guidelines might also be useful for the designers of online applications.
An Investigation of the Critical Factors for Evaluating the Public Value of e-Government
Authors: Karunasena Kanishka , Deng Hepu , Harasgama Kushanthi Sajeewani
Published: April 2013

This chapter aims to investigate the critical factors for evaluating the public value of e-government in Sri Lanka. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature on the scope of e-government, the sources of public value creation, and the kinds of public value is conducted for developing the theoretical framework of the study. Using the qualitative data collected from Sri Lanka, a thematic analysis is performed for identifying the critical factors for evaluating the public value of e-government. The analysis reveals that the quality of public information online, functionalities of electronic services, provision of information and services through e-enabled counters, user orientation of public service delivery, improving organisational efficiency, openness and responsiveness, enhancing trust, ensuring confidentiality of citizens’ information, achieving social equity, and environmental sustainability are critical for evaluating the public value of e-government.
Creating Educational Resources for Medical Education in the Web2.0/Web3.0 Era
Authors: Teodor Stefanut , Gorgan Dorian , Kaldoudi Eleni , Dovrolis Nikolas , Dietze Stefan
Published: April 2013

The accelerated development of the networked society throughout the last few years had a strong impact on the teaching and learning activities from the medical related domains. E-learning applications have become very popular and encouraged the shift from traditional training activities – having the teacher as a mediator, towards self-guided ones where the teacher is rather a supervisor. These changes imposed the creation of new, more complex and more interactive teaching resources, with high quality standards, that could fulfill the requirements of the new approach. At present, the lack of specialized development tools requires the involvement of both medical and IT specialists in the resources creation process, consequently, generating higher production costs. In this chapter, the authors present two specialized tools – MetaMorphosis+ and eGLE – together with a new resources development methodology based on the repurposing approach and the blend of social networks activities with semantic web functionalities. In addition, the authors describe the user evaluation activities performed over the MetaMorphosis+ application and the results obtained.
Current Situation in Irrigation in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Kljajic Nataša , Vukovic Predrag , Arsic Slavica
Published: April 2013

The current situation in irrigation in Serbia, observed through total number of irrigation systems, in other words through areas where those systems were constructed, is not satisfactory—neither according to range, nor according to technical equipment and the level of their use. The level of development that has been reached does not satisfy the requirements of stable and efficient agricultural production. Irrigation has not been applied properly in our agriculture because every time when a bumper crop year happens, irrigation is delayed. Irrigation is applied to less than 1% of cultivable soil in the Republic of Serbia. A few very successful results in agricultural production where irrigation was applied point out the perspective on irrigation in Serbia. In the development of irrigation, the priority should be given to renovation of old and construction of new small and big systems, to making changes in structures of production in agriculture, to modernization of mechanization and creation of economic conditions necessary for the use of old and construction of new production capacity aiming to increase employment. Because of the fact that Serbia is poor in water resources of its own, as well as that transit water becomes more and more uncertain in the future regarding its quality and quantity, planned rationalization of water consumption must be one of strategic points for future development in Serbia, as well as obligatory reduction in specific water consumption in all spheres of its use.
The Social Responsibility
Authors: Matei Mirela , Done Ioan
Published: April 2013

This chapter focuses on the topic of social responsibility and the interference with other concepts like business ethics, cause related marketing, or corporate governance. In addition, the study presents the motivations of companies that are implicated in different Social Responsible programmes. The main objective of this chapter is to delimitate the concept of social responsibility from other concepts and to present the main motivations for companies that run different SR programs.
Sustainable Transport and Quality of Life Analysis of Cycling Impact in Italy
Authors: Privitera Donatella
Published: April 2013

In the last 20 years cities have undergone considerable changes. The current phase of expansion, which took place in the absence of demographic pressures, has diluted urban space into functional areas, scattered randomly throughout the area. The authors therefore identify new mobility needs, met mainly by private means, with implications in terms of congestion and air pollution. Sustainable mobility is a priority intervention for the EU. This chapter studies, after a discussion of the importance of sustainable mobility, cycling in Italy from an economic and strategic perspective. Promoting cycling is important for individual health, environmental sustainability, and transport demand management. In Italy, very few people use a bicycle on a regular basis. The analysis relies on national aggregate data as well as case studies of large and small cities in an Italian region.
Multifunctional Agriculture and the Green Economy
Authors: Jean-Vasile Andrei
Published: April 2013

Multifunctional agriculture represents a proactive approach of the role and effects of agriculture both on rural communities and traditions. The multifunctional agriculture passes beyond the classical functions of the agriculture bringing new gainful activities for the rural farmers. Understanding properly the multifunctional agriculture and farm diversity can offer all those involved new trends in valuing agricultural potential. This chapter presents a short but very comprehensive analysis regarding the multifunctional agricultural concept and farm diversity, in the context of the massive changes that have marked the actual evolution agrarian economy. It presents the evolution of multifunctional agriculture concept in the international approach and also analyzes the agriculture functions. In addition, it presents a short study case regarding the evolution of farm structure development in the Romanian agrarian sector.
A Quantitative Approach to Identify the Arguments that Support Decisions in E-Cognocracy
Authors: Toncovich Adrián , Turón Alberto , Escobar Maria Teresa , Moreno-Jiménez José Maria
Published: April 2013

E-cognocracy (Moreno-Jiménez, 2003, 2004, 2006; Moreno-Jiménez & Polasek, 2003, 2005) is a new democratic system that adjusts traditional or representative democracy to meet the needs and challenges of the Knowledge Society. If e-democracy is understood as the government of the people by means of information and communication technology (ICT), e-cognocracy is the government of knowledge and wisdom by means of ICT. This “social wisdom” is created in a cognitive constructivist way through the network by all citizens interested in the resolution of the considered problem (García Lizana & Moreno-Jiménez, 2008). To extract and share the knowledge associated with the scientific resolution of public decision-making problems, e-cognocracy must identify the arguments that support decisions by analyzing the messages and comments provided by the actors involved in the decision-making process through the collaborative tools used in the discussion phase. Therefore, this paper presents different decisional tools based on the quantitative values corresponding to the decision makers’ preferences, which are oriented to the identification of the outstanding comments. The arguments supporting the decisions made by the different actors are obtained, in a further step, from these comments by using text-mining techniques.
Instructional Design and Quality
Authors: Busquets Anna , Gómez Muriel
Published: April 2013

Quality in e-learning should be measured from three perspectives: technology, pedagogy, and management and administration. This paper examines the pedagogical and methodological perspective, specifically in the work developed by the professors of the course “East Asian Geography”, a compulsory course of the Programme of East Asian Studies. The authors consider that the teaching and learning methodology applied to the UOC model has reached the proper level of quality when students are satisfied, follow the courses and not drop out, and perform appropriately. In that sense, satisfaction, permanence, and academic performance are the three levels of measurement of the quality of the each course and program, as well as the UOC model in general. On the basis of the data obtained and results of the first two years 2003-2004 and 2004-2005, in terms of performance and satisfaction of the students in the course “East Asian Geography”, is considered for revision and improvement. This process has two phases. In the first one, during 2005-2008, the authors focus on the instructional design process and the conceptualization of the course plan with new activities; in the second, from 2009 to present, the authors examine the design and diversification of course materials and e-learning activities.
Using COTS-Widgets Architectures for Describing User Interfaces of Web-Based Information Systems
Authors: Iribarne Luis , Criado Javier , Padilla Nicolás , Asensio José-Andrés
Published: April 2013

Modern Web-based Information Systems (WIS) must be flexible and prepared to be easily accessible and manageable in real-time. WIS user interfaces (UI) are still being constructed on the basis of traditional software development paradigms, without taking into account in their construction (or in the knowledge managed by the systems) the main criterion of globalization, that they must be distributed, open and changing. WIS-UI must be able to be constructed depending on the type of interaction (individual or collective) and the purpose of the interaction (management, technical, etc.). In this paper, the authors present a component-based development perspective to build user interfaces of WIS by means of the composition of widgets-components architectures and MDD approaches.
Towards Next Generation Provenance Systems for E-Science
Authors: Khan Fakhri Alam , Hussain Sardar , Janciak Ivan , Brezany Peter
Published: April 2013

e-Science helps scientists to automate scientific discovery processes and experiments, and promote collaboration across organizational boundaries and disciplines. These experiments involve data discovery, knowledge discovery, integration, linking, and analysis through different software tools and activities. Scientific workflow is one technique through which such activities and processes can be interlinked, automated, and ultimately shared amongst the collaborating scientists. Workflows are realized by the workflow enactment engine, which interprets the process definition and interacts with the workflow participants. Since workflows are typically executed on a shared and distributed infrastructure, the information on the workflow activities, data processed, and results generated (also known as provenance), needs to be recorded in order to be reproduced and reused. A range of solutions and techniques have been suggested for the provenance of data collection and analysis; however, these are predominantly workflow enactment engine and domain dependent. This paper includes taxonomy of existing provenance techniques and a novel solution named VePS (The Vienna e-Science Provenance System) for e-Science provenance collection.
Modelling Information Demand in an Enterprise Context
Authors: Lundqvist Magnus , Sandkuhl Kurt , Seigerroth Ulf
Published: April 2013

Information overload is perceived as a common problem in organisations and enterprises, which calls for new organisational and technological approaches for more pertinent and accurate information supply. The paper contributes to addressing this problem by proposing a method for information demand modelling, which contributes to capturing and understanding the information demand of roles in organisations. This method consists to a large extent of an application of enterprise modelling techniques. Illustrated by a case from automotive industries, lessons learned from information demand modelling are presented and discussed. This includes the specific perspective taken in the method for information demand analysis, common challenges experienced in demand modelling, and the validity of recommendations from participative enterprise modelling for information demand modelling. Furthermore, the paper introduces the notation applied for information demand models and discusses refinement process of this notation.
Modeling Approach for Integration and Evolution of Information System Conceptualizations
Authors: Gustas Remigijus
Published: April 2013

Most information systems development methodologies are based on conceptual modeling of static and dynamic views, which are represented by totally different types of diagrams. Understanding of the interplay among interactive, behavioral and structural aspects of specifications is necessary for identification of semantic integrity problems between business process and business data. Typically, semantic inconsistencies and discontinuities between collections of conceptual representations are not easy to detect and to comprehend for information system designers due to static and dynamic aspects of models being visualized in isolation. The goal of this paper is to present a modeling approach for semantic integration and evolution of static and dynamic aspects of conceptual models. Visualization of interplay among structural, interactive and behavioral aspects of computation-neutral representations helps to understand crosscutting concerns and integrity problems of information system conceptualizations. The main advantage of the presented conceptual modeling approach is stability and flexibility of diagrams in dealing with the evolutionary changes of requirements. Therefore, the developed modeling foundation is targeted to both business managers and information system designers for the purpose of computation-neutral integration and evolution of information systems specifications.