bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Old Age and Caring Democracy
Authors: Barnes Marian
Published: September 2019

Old age is an identity that many resists. It contributes to a sense of invisibility and, for some, it leaves them out of both time and place in the world. This chapter reviews examples of older people’s participation from England, Scotland, the Netherlands, Australia and Ireland. As well as ‘ageing activism’ within seniors’ forums and interest organisations, it explores participation in contexts not often regarded as ‘political’, such as within residential homes and in research projects. Such contexts can reflect the most immediate points of contact between older people and state services and policies that impact their lives. They can be a focus for transforming practices and ways in which public officials and service providers think about old age and old people. It is argued that ‘deliberating with care’ with older people not only offers transformative potential in relation to specific services and policies than can benefit us all as we grow older, but it can also counteract damaging inter-generational conflict, and enhance wellbeing and social justice.
Young People and Everyday Democracy
Authors: Sloam James
Published: September 2019

This chapter poses the question of how young people can be engaged politically both during and between elections. It begins with a discussion of the role of contact and interactions between citizens and policymakers in contemporary democracies, which spring from civic republican conceptions of good and active citizens. It asserts that the civic republican models of citizen-to-state relations are unlikely to work without the intensification of policy engagement at a local level. While small-scale, everyday democracy is a promising pathway to political engagement, contact with politicians and public officials has been overwhelmingly the preserve of those who are predominantly middle-aged, college-educated and financially well-off. To raise the involvement of young people, any localized approach to youth engagement must be scaffolded by political and social institutions: primarily, local government, schools and universities. The chapter goes on to consider the performance of a number of local and national initiatives to engage younger citizens in the policy process and reflect upon the lessons from these experiences.
Rethinking Civic Roles
Authors: Roberts Jane
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines not only what politicians can do to narrow the distance between them and their constituents, but how they should carry out their civic roles with suggested principles and practical examples. In addition to the interactions to be developed, attention is also given to the challenge to open civic roles to wider participation. Politicians are generally perceived to be a breed apart, a separate political class far removed from the lives of ordinary people. With the risks and difficulties associated with political exit further dissuading some from standing in the first place, and heightening the reluctance of those in office to leave, it is argued that with more ‘fluidity’ into and out of political office – experimenting with term limits or with some citizens serving a political term by lottery - a wider range of people could have the opportunity to gain experience of the complex demands and pressures of political office.
Promoting the ‘Take Part’ Approach
Authors: Mayo Marjorie , Mendiwelso-Bendek Zoraida , Packham Carol
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the ways in which the ‘Take Part’ approach has been contributing to the promotion of active citizenship and community engagement. The approach was developed through a series of government initiatives under the Together We Can programme, and drew upon the contributions of Paulo Freire, Orlando Fals-Borda, and other international pioneers of learning for social transformation, starting from people’s own experiences and interests, and critically reflecting upon these as the basis for developing strategies for change. The authors look at how the approach has been promoted and applied in the UK, US, and Columbia, to empower individual citizens and their communities to acquire the confidence and competence to set out their concerns, whilst encouraging the relevant structures of governance to learn to listen and respond more effectively, to build a more active and engaged civil society and a more responsive and effective state that can deliver needed public services.
The Renewal of State‒Citizen Cooperation
Authors: Tam Henry
Published: September 2019

The concluding chapter draws from the analyses and findings from the rest of the book and puts forward a set of key recommendations for politicians, officials, advisors, and civic activists to help them steer clear of common pitfalls and adopt reliable practices to reconnect state and citizens. These cover how to focus on making citizen engagement a lever for change, so that citizens are confident that their involvement will make a difference; how to identify and publicise the value of democratic cooperation, especially in quantifying the social, political and economic gains more consistently and explicitly; how to select appropriate and feasible involvement approaches in the light of different circumstances; how to cultivate inclusive community relations on a sustained basis; and invest in the development of civic leadership so that the necessary skills and understanding are in place. The chapter closes by pointing to how policies for strengthening state-citizen cooperation have succeeded and can be replicated on a large scale in different countries.
Introduction: Everyday Life in (Post-)Neoliberal Latin America
Authors: Nehring Daniel , Michel Gerardo Gómez , López Magdalena
Published: September 2019

The introduction explores the cultural dynamics of neoliberalism and anti-neoliberal resistance in Latin America. While Latin American neoliberalisms and the regions transition – perhaps temporary – to post-neoliberalism have been extensively debated (Dávila 2012, Flores-Macias 2012, Goodale and Postero 2013), extant research has largely focused on relevant political and socio-economic processes. The cultural dynamics of neoliberalism, anti-neoliberalism and post-neoliberalism, in terms of the discursive construction of neoliberal common sense and the organisation of everyday beliefs, norms, values and systems of meaning, have received far less attention. The introductory chapter then sketches the subject matter of the following case studies. Together, the studies in this volume seek to address this gap. They pursue three objectives. First, they seek to explore how neoliberal narratives of self and social relationships have transformed everyday life in contemporary Latin America. Second, they examine how these narratives are being contested and supplanted by a diversity of alternative modes of experience and practices in a diversity of settings, in the context of anti-neoliberal and post-neoliberal socio-political programmes. In this context, the studies in this book address the questions to what extent contemporary Latin America might in fact be described as post-neoliberal, given the crisis of political challenges to neoliberalism in societies such as Venezuela, Argentina or Bolivia. Third, the following chapters interrogate the discourses and cultural practices through which a societal consensus for the pursuit of neoliberal politics may be established, defended and contested.
From Uribe’s “Democratic Security” to Santo’s Peace Accords with the FARC: Hate, Fear, Hope and other Emotions in Contemporary Colombian Politics
Authors: Roche Fabio López de la
Published: September 2019

This article first presents explanatory factors concerning Colombian divergence from the recent tendency in several Latin American countries towards 21st century models of political socialism or in conjunction with post neoliberal development. A second part explores the complex legacy of political culture bequeathed by the governments of Álvaro Uribe Velez (2002-2006 and 2006-2010) which involved an important military effort to combat the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC by its Spanish acronym) but was not able to defeat them, although their debilitation undoubtedly constituted one of the factors that led to the negotiations in Havana. Hatred and fear of the FARC promoted by President Uribe’s discourse supported by the mainstream media and important journalistic sectors are then explored as factors in conjunction with societal ideological homogenization around the policy of "Democratic Security". A third part deals with redefinitions in the political culture and hegemonic communicative regime promoted by President Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2014 and 2014-2017), which favored promoting successful conclusion of the peace process with the FARC and initiation of a new, complex and still uncertain phase of national reconciliation among Colombians, notwithstanding obstinate Uribistic loathing of both the FARC and President Santos and President Uribe’s systematic and ideological delegitimization of the peace process. This section also deals with issues concerning the October 2, 2016 ratificatory plebiscite of the Havana Accords, the triumph of the rejectionists, the renegotiation of the Accords with representatives of the rejectionists by the government’s negotiating team, the mobilization of the citizenry in defense of the Accords, and, the ratification of the revised accord by the Congress at the Colon Theater. Finally, the "Conclusions" outline some of the challenges and possible alternatives for the country’s political development during the post-Accord era.
Cine Bajo Tierra: Ecuador’s Booming Underground Cinema in the Aftermath of the Neoliberal Era
Authors: Ponce-Cordero Rafael
Published: September 2019

In recent years Ecuador has grown a very vital underground cinema industry that relies on three key factors for its current success: First, its strong independence from the traditional and centralized film industry and the exclusiveness of education and means for filmmaking since the production of these underground films is in most of the cases run by non-professional crews (from script writing and direction to acting and post-production). Second, these films have placed their production and reception arena out of the economic and political centers of Quito and Guayaquil, giving space to “lo local” to be represented, but also to be watched on the screen by the same people in their own space of projection. This is due the use of mostly local, legal and pirate, distribution channels. Finally, as we analyze this movement, we propose that what is behind the success of the new “Cine Bajo Tierra” is a vigorous response to, and sometimes a critique of, the disastrous consequences of the application of neoliberal policies in Ecuador. Boasting titles such as Sicarios manabitas [Hitmen from Manabí], Doble trampa [Double trap], El regreso del llanero vengador [The return of the avenging cowboy], Drogas: el comienzo del fin [Drugs: the beginning of the end], Avaricia [Greed], and El ángel de los sicarios [The hitmen’s angel], these films depict scenarios of crude violence, poverty, and merciless surviving behaviors that have found an “appreciation” from their local viewers as a dialectical relationship of self-awareness between filmmakers and audiences who ultimately have suffered the same under the long neoliberal night.
Neoliberalising Humanity: Culture and Popular Participation in the Case of the Street Market of Caruaru, Brazil
Authors: Ferraz Adilson Silva
Published: September 2019

The street fair of Caruaru is one of the most important ones in the world, in terms of culture, extent and commerce. In 2006 received the title of “imaterial cultural brasilian heritage” by Brazil’s Ministry of Culture. The economy of the region relies hardly on its trading. In 2014, the city mayor initiated polemically the process of change of its site. The project includes modify significantly the current structure, turning it into a Shopping Mall. The main goal is to increase profits even if it means the loss of their cultural value. The majority of the merchants and population is against this change, but until now the forces of the market has performed stronger than popular opinion. So that this research aims to verify the practice of democratic mechanisms of popular participation as resistance to the liberal policies in the case of the street fair of Caruaru site change. This research uses mainly the works of David Harvey and Franz Hinkelamert as Theoretical Framework. The methodology includes survey and interviews with traders, politicians, entrepreneurs, mayor and people's representatives.
Fleeing (Post-)Chávez Memories: The 1990s and the Black Friday Generation
Authors: López Magdalena
Published: September 2019

After 17 years of Chavism, Venezuelan literature is living a boom confirmed by the Tusquets Novel Award (2015) granted to Patria o muerte by Alberto Barrera Tyzska. Young writers such as Juan Carlos Méndez Guédez, Eduardo Sanchez Rugeles, Ricardo Ramírez Requena, Gustavo Valle, Hector Bujanda and Camilo Pino have problematized the current situation of the country in their narratives. In this essay I propose a comparison of the apocalyptic imaginaries in the novels La última vez (2007) by Bujanda, Bajo tierra (2010) by Valle, and Valle Zamuro (2011) by Pino. Focusing on the period preceding Chavista hegemony, these narratives expose dissolution processes that lead their protagonists to generational strangeness. These processes uproot the principles that sustain the sense of nation. The Chavista political change, then, does not represent a break with the past, but a form of continuity with these historical processes of collapse.
Home-Land: Romanian Roma, Domestic Spaces and the State
Authors: Humphris Rachel
Published: September 2019

In contemporary society, passport checks at nation-state borders are accepted. But what if these checks were happening in our own homes? This book provides an intimate ethnographic study of these governing encounters in the home space for migrants who were identified by local state actors as Romanian Roma. Focusing on how the nation-state is reproduced within the home, the book considers what it is like to have your legal status, your right to ‘belong’, judged from your everyday routines within your own home. It explores how we draw the line around our own private and personal space and what it might be like not to have that privilege. In essence this book is about the divide between public and private space, home-land and home and what it means for the new rules of citizenship.
Interlude | Facebook with Cristina
Authors: Humphris Rachel
Published: September 2019

It is 28 June 2013 and I’m sitting on the bed in my small room in Cristina’s house. There is a chest of drawers in the room that Cristina found in the street, which she cleaned and squeezed into the room next to the bed. Cristina comes in and stands on the small part of the floor between the bed and the wall. She has received a letter from the telephone company and she wants to know whether this means she can use the internet. She wants to use Facebook to try to find her sister. Dan, her husband, had mentioned to me before that Cristina’s sister moved to Italy when she was 15 (Cristina was 6 years old at the time) with an Italian man. Cristina thought that she would be able to find her sister through Facebook and often asked to use my phone, which could access the internet, to search for her sister’s name....
Conclusion
Authors: Humphris Rachel
Published: September 2019

This book has explored what is at stake when negotiations of political belonging occur directly through everyday practices of belonging in homes. It is based on a relational understanding of the state where the state emerges through the contestation and struggle of differentially positioned and socially situated actors. It has linked state reproduction (processes of political belonging) with social reproduction (the discursive ideology and practices of care necessary to maintain and reproduce human life), paying particular attention to the role of space....
A Criminology of Policing and Security Frontiers
Authors: Lippert Randy , Walby Kevin
Published: September 2019

Policing and security provision are subjects central to criminology. Yet there are newer and neglected forms that are currently unscrutinised. By examining the work of community safety officers, ambassador patrols, conservation officers, and private police foundations, who operate on and are animated by a frontier, this book reveals why criminological inquiry must reach beyond traditional conceptual and methodological boundaries in the twenty-first century. Including novel case studies, this multi-disciplinary and international book assembles a rich collection of policing and security frontiers both geographical (e.g. the margins of cities) and conceptual (dispersion and credentialism) not seen or acknowledged previously.
Introduction: Policing and Security Frontiers
Authors: Lippert Randy K. , Walby Kevin
Published: September 2019

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the idea of the ‘next frontier’ in criminology and in studies of policing and security. The book's understanding of the frontier theme has threefold, overlapping meanings. First, frontier means the edge and realms beyond conventional policing and security thinking and practice. Second, frontier refers to how these forms of policing and security are taken up by scholars in ways beyond or across clear-cut disciplinary boundaries. Third, the frontier has a specific meaning in colonial countries such as Canada and Australia, where state formation involved violence and assimilation targeting Indigenous people. Criminology should be pushed to the edge of its current understandings to theorise and examine the shifting landscapes of policing and security practice. When criminology arrives at the edge and adopts the notion of frontier, it reveals previously hidden or less elaborated insights about policing and security provision.
Getting to the Frontiers: Methodologies
Authors: Lippert Randy K. , Walby Kevin
Published: September 2019

This chapter discusses the methodologies developed to accomplish the travel to policing and security frontiers. It considers elements of qualitative research on policing and security agents on frontiers of thinking and practice. This includes freedom of information (FOI) requests, which are a cutting-edge method and thus befitting research on frontiers. The chapter then looks at common barriers encountered on the way to frontiers. While it is often assumed that policing and security agencies and agents, including those working on frontiers, are difficult to access due to their bureaucratic, secretive, or obscure nature, this is not necessarily the case. Yet, getting to the frontiers of policing and security is not without pitfalls. These pitfalls are like falling into risk categories — ironically like those sometimes used by policing and security agents in their own work.
Conservation Officers, Dispersal and Urban Frontiers
Authors: Lippert Randy K. , Walby Kevin
Published: September 2019

This chapter addresses National Capital Commission (NCC) conservation officers' regulation of homeless people, many of them Indigenous people, in Canada's capital city, Ottawa. The policing of NCC parks is organised by a logic of dispersal. Such policing aims to preserve an aesthetic for public consumption and ceremonial nationalism, entails specific temporalities, and is made possible through a policing and security network. Dispersal more accurately conceptualises the spatial regulation here compared with alternative concepts like banishment, and therefore supplements existing typologies of spatial regulation. The chapter then looks at these typologies for future research on urban policing and regulation and the notion of frontiers. There is a sense in which they reproduce the colonial dimension of the frontier in how they approach these peoples.
Ambassadors on City Centre Frontiers
Authors: Lippert Randy K. , Walby Kevin
Published: September 2019

This chapter investigates uniformed patrols called ‘ambassadors’, who are increasingly providing security in the nooks and crannies of city centre cores across many countries. These programmes migrated from US cities like Baltimore and Philadelphia to cities in Canada, then to the UK cities, and far beyond, and are intimately connected with urban ‘revitalisation’ and mostly class-based gentrification strategies. Interviews with public police and ambassadors in three Canadian cities reveal that ambassador operations and practices are shaped and made possible by relations with police that entail exchanging knowledge for limited training and tacit tolerance. Ambassadors act as police ‘eyes and ears’ and govern ‘nuisance’, using indirect and unauthorised strategies. In these arrangements, ambassadors are not so much ‘steered’ by police as ‘anchored’, suggesting notions of ‘networked governance’.
Conclusion: Policing and Security Frontiers
Authors: Lippert Randy K. , Walby Kevin
Published: September 2019

This concluding chapter identifies seven subthemes, derived from exploring policing and security frontiers, for future research and for criminology as a field of study. These include nuisance, aesthetics, public policy relations, the role of law, moving resources, oversight, and contestation. The chapter then advocates the adoption of this book's themes for future research and thinking in criminology and suggests that greater attention be paid to forms of policing and security neglected due to methodological myopia and stagnation as well as to fixed disciplinary boundaries. If policing and security provision can usefully be conceived in terms of frontiers, then so too can criminological inquiry. Indeed, criminologists can open doors to new concepts, venture beyond disciplinary boundaries, and avoid methodological pitfalls on the way to discerning what is happening on these frontiers, discovering and advocating what forms of security, politics, and life are possible.
Disrupting Rape Culture
Authors: Fanghanel Alexandra
Published: September 2019

Issues of social and spatial gendered justice have never been more pertinent in contemporary post-industrialist societies. This book which marks an intervention in contemporary debates about women’s bodies, public space and rape culture, in order to think through ways in which the normalization of violence against women might be contested. It brings together a rich web of thought about politics, embodiment and public space to examine social and spatial justice in the context of the female body in public. Transforming rape culture is not easy; the problems outlined in this book are not things that can be fixed by policy changes or legal reform (alone). They necessitate an overhaul in the ethics of the way in which we think and act in public spaces, including attending to the exclusions that everyone, in part, is complicit in enacting. Through analyses of three provocative case studies (pregnancy in public space, the female body as protest, and BDSM in public spaces), this book opens up generative ideas about transgression and revolt and advances a transformative politics of the possibilities of living without rape culture.
Social order in a network society
Authors: Boutellier Hans
Published: September 2019

This chapter first looks at the information age and its networking mindset. It then examines three tenets from the study of complex systems: structure, synchrony, and stability. It describes the concept of ‘improvising society’, which refers to new social forms of processing alignment and fine-tuning. In both tightly structured and more fluid compositions, arrangements and spontaneous play produce a kaleidoscopic image of networks, clusters and subcultures. The improvising society reflects the new institutional relations. Institutions develop on the basis of tradition and renewal, and give society stability. The alignment of one actor (person, organization) with another actor, and vice versa, ad infinitum, is the ordering process of the current network society.
Sexual offences and mutual consent
Authors: Boutellier Hans
Published: September 2019

Central to the morality of any culture are its norms and values on gender, especially on sexual affairs and personal relations. In most Western societies over the last half-century, there has emerged, for example, a wide acceptance of homosexual relations. There is also agreement on the absolute right of self-determination for women. Although there might be a discrepancy between values and reality, this constitutional equality is absent in other parts of the world. Nor has it always been the case in the West. This chapter focuses on the changing views on sexual violence and harassment and the consequences for sexual violence. Studying historical development in sexuality reveals a lot about the morality of a culture. Central to these analyses is the shift from external norms to the idea of mutual consent. It is the only criterion that fits in a secular and liberal context, in which people are autonomous and self-determining.
Epilogue
Authors: Boutellier Hans
Published: September 2019

This chapter presents some final thoughts from the author. It suggests that morality is at the heart of every interaction, and crime is a disturbance of how a society wants to understand, define, and regulate these interactions. That goes for every society in every era, including our diversified, network society without any obvious general philosophies of life. The current challenge is to formulate and reformulate our sentiments, ideas, and beliefs to keep each other on the right track. This requires norms and values, including habits, traditions, and the law. Criminal law can even be understood as a canon of morality. It shifted to the middle of the moral space, and became a centre of gravity in organizing our ‘postmodern’ social relations. However, it falls short, because it is too little too late in relation to the big moral space it has to regulate.
The Border Crossing Narrative and the Disruption of Southern Borders
Authors: Weaks-Baxter Mary
Published: September 2019

With the view that crossing a border is a transformative experience, this chapter provides groundwork for the rest of the study and focuses on collective narratives of movement, specifically at ways they create new communities, break down borders, and upset Southern identities. This chapter is the most expansive in examining various types of texts. Looking at personal narratives, visual arts including work by Jacob Lawrence, Aaron Douglas, and Dorothea Lange, literary texts by writers including Frances E.W. Harper, Wilma Mankiller, William Attaway, and Harriette Arnow, and articles and advertising from newspapers such as the Chicago Defender, the chapter focuses on the hybrid identities created in and by Southern Border Crossing Narratives and examines the Border Crossing Narrative as a site of confrontation and struggle, as not only a narrative that can be created and maintained, but also one that others can attempt to control.
Securing the Border as a Creative Site: Southern Masculinities and the Urge to Tell
Authors: Weaks-Baxter Mary
Published: September 2019

This chapter looks at the American success story of the self-made man and how it was reinterpreted in the context of 20th Century Southern masculinity. Focusing on novels by Wolfe, Ellison, Styron, Capote, and Warren, the chapter builds on earlier scholarship that identifies a shift from idealized images of planter and slave to new models of masculinity for blacks and whites. The central claim is that new narrative patterns were embraced that set male characters on journeys outside the South to encounter that world and find success. A mania of sorts evolved around this narrative as portrayed by Wolfe who represented wandering as opportunity for introspection, movement as a means to remake one’s self, and liminal space as a site of creativity for the neophyte writer but also a distinctly masculine zone. The chapter ends with reflections on how this journey is altered when males encounter racial or sexual prejudice.
And Then They Drown?: Faulkner’s Quentin Compson Lost in the Borderlands
Authors: Weaks-Baxter Mary
Published: September 2019

This chapter looks at the consequences of the inability to negotiate borders because of deeply entrenched narrative patterns that circle back upon themselves, perpetuating communal values that stoke division. The chapter examines the quintessential victim of the Southern Lost Cause—Faulkner’s Quentin Compson—who is a divided self because he left the South. He is even before he leaves Mississippi for Boston, “two separate Quentins,” one “preparing for Harvard in the South” and the other “still too young to deserve yet to be a ghost.” Through Quentin, Faulkner makes clear the dangers of divisions between black and white, between North and South, and the inability of Southerners to successfully navigate the psychological borderlands and leave behind the crushing past of the South. Faulkner’s Quentin is the most indelibly inked reminder of the consequences of border narratives gone awry and a warning of the harm of building walls and not bridges.
Race and the Visions of John Lafayette Girardeau
Authors: Pickett Otis W.
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on John Lafayette Girardeau, a Presbyterian leader who, after the Civil War, simultaneously worked to shape churchly reform and Lost Cause religiosity. Girardeau's postbellum ecclesiastical reform in ordaining African Americans and pushing for their ecclesiastical equality places him among emancipationists. However, his work on the battlefield as a Confederate chaplain, his aid to the public in coping with death and destruction after the Civil War, and his service as pastor of an integrated church places him in the reconciliationist camp. Meanwhile, his work as a defender of the Lost Cause, which helped justify the racial violence perpetuated by Lost Cause adherents, places him within the emerging norms of a white supremacist vision. Ultimately, Girardeau's life and world presents a much more complex picture than his missionary activity, representative Calvinism, efforts toward ecclesiastical reform, or Lost Cause ideology reveal.
Spirit in the Air
Authors: Stephens Randall
Published: September 2019

This chapter traces out the long and complex relationship between Holiness-Pentecostals and technology, innovation, and mass media. One of the most significant religious phenomena of the 1980s was the emergence, or at least widespread public awareness, of the electronic church. Indeed, in 1987, four of the most-watched religious programs on television were hosted by southern Pentecostals. In coming years, African American Word of Faith and Pentecostal ministers like T. D. Jakes and Creflo Dollar would join the ranks of these highly visible religious stars. The link between Holiness and Pentecostal faith and tech savviness was not accidental. Pentecostals have used these resources to spread the movement. While media-driven Pentecostalism made enormous headway in the Global South, it also gained ground in other unlikely places as well. Pentecostal ministers outside the states proved just as adept at using radio, TV, and, later, social media to champion the cause.
“The Pure of Body Are Pure of Soul”
Authors: Remillard Arthur
Published: September 2019

This chapter assesses how religion worked through sports in the years between the Civil War and the 1920s. The standard narrative starts by noting that in the North at this time, progressive reformers embraced the “muscular Christian” movement, as they promoted sports as means of “toning” both body and spirit. In the South, however, evangelicals were wary. The story of southern white evangelicals denouncing sports connects to broader national and international discourses over questions of athletics, race, and public morality. Put another way, southern white evangelicals were not entirely distinct in their mobilized opposition to sports like prizefighting. Meanwhile, on the fields, among the fans, and in the print culture, athletes and athletics continued to develop a mythic stature. They too deployed not only evangelical language in the elevation of physical activity, but also a generalized discourse of the sacred.
The Land of Misfit Relics
Authors: Seales Chad
Published: September 2019

This chapter addresses the fascinations of Protestants with certain “relics” of racial, political, and communal violence. In contrast to Catholicism, blatant Protestant relics are rare. While the ones they have are significant, there are not enough of them to comprise a Protestant tradition of devotional use of relics. However, there are southern Protestants who have had two major sources of relics as understood as the sacred remains of the dead: those produced by death in the Civil War and those made through the lynching deaths of African Americans. There are three possible options for the presence and persistence of religious relics in popular culture. The first is the importance of religious relics to subcultural memory. The second is the significance of religious relics to the cultural production and ritual construction of racial difference. The third is the power of those relics to resurface and strain against historical amnesia.
Educación histórica con perspectiva de género: Resultados de aprendizaje y competencia docente
Authors: Díez Bedmar M.ª del Consuelo
Published: September 2019

El presente trabajo parte de las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿La educación histórica con perspectiva de género en la formación inicial de profesorado es clave en la construcción de un futuro más crítico e igualitario? ¿Cómo se percibe, por parte del alumnado, el desarrollo de esta competencia? ¿Cómo expresan lo que esta perspectiva de género aportará a su futura labor docente? La investigación, de corte cualitativo y longitudinal (2013-2017) toma como muestra alumnado de tercer curso del Grado en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Jaén en la asignatura «Educación Histórica y ciudadanía: una perspectiva de género». Se utiliza como instrumento un cuestionario que supone la reflexión sobre los resultados de aprendizaje previstos en la asignatura y se analiza el discurso del alumnado con respecto a 6 ítems. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran no solo la toma de conciencia crítica por parte del alumnado, sino que además consideran que es una parte fundamental de su formación a fin de realizar una futura función docente que, incluyendo esta perspectiva de género, suponga una verdadera educación histórica que lleve a la participación democrática y a la toma de decisiones discentes en la construcción de su futuro.
Ideas de los jóvenes españoles acerca del pasado reciente: el caso de la Transición a la democracia
Authors: Sánchez-Agustí María , Martínez-Rodríguez Rosendo , Miguel-Revilla Diego , López-Torres Esther
Published: September 2019

La condición de pasado vivo de la Historia reciente, en la que están presentes memorias enfrentadas, confiere un extraordinario valor formativo a los procesos históricos más próximos, como la Transición española a la democracia. No obstante, estudios previos en España evidencian que los profesores no suelen conceder demasiado tiempo ni atención a esta parcela de la Historia. De ahí el interés del presente estudio, cuyo objetivo consiste en analizar las teorías implícitas de los adolescentes acerca del establecimiento de la democracia en España, al finalizar la educación obligatoria. Para ello se ha diseñado una investigación de carácter mixto cuali-cuantitativo, interrogando a 913 estudiantes de ocho ciudades españolas a través de un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas y cerradas, donde el alumnado tuvo que seleccionar una opción de entre varias y, a continuación, justificar o explicar su elección. Los datos han sido procesados cuantitativamente con el software SPSS, y cualitativamente con ATLAS.ti. Los resultados demuestran que los jóvenes entienden la necesidad de un periodo de tiempo para adecuar las estructuras políticas al nuevo sistema democrático a través de la negociación entre fuerzas políticas, con el objetivo de llegar a pactos y acuerdos, aunque no siempre apliquen estas ideas al contexto actual. Llama la atención que una parte importante de ellos perciban el proceso como violento, una idea alejada de la visión historiográfica mayoritariamente presente en los libros de texto, que interpreta la Transición como un periodo histórico modélico, exportable a otros contextos.
La visibilidad de lo cotidiano. Didáctica, Historia y fuentes documentales para el estudio de la vida universitaria en la Salamanca moderna
Authors: Rubio-Muñoz Francisco Javier
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el empleo de las fuentes primarias como recurso didáctico en la enseñanza de la Historia. Hasta hace pocos años la importancia de los archivos históricos para la investigación teórica en el ámbito de las Humanidades había eclipsado su potencial didáctico. Una de las causas ha sido la existencia de ideas preconcebidas en el tratamiento y el uso de las fuentes documentales, si bien se han producido cambios. Actualmente, en el proceso de construcción del pasado se trasciende de los espacios y usos tradicionales de las fuentes generando, con ello, una nueva cultura histórica. Teniendo en cuenta este contexto, se propone acercar y utilizar el patrimonio histórico documental en las aulas con una finalidad didáctica. La metodología se basa en el itinerario didáctico por un archivo histórico aprovechando las múltiples opciones que ofrecen estos espacios para el aprendizaje constructivo de la Historia. El contexto educativo que promueve el aprendizaje deja de ser el aula y el centro para pasar a ocupar un espacio distinto, el archivo, a través de un contacto directo con las fuentes históricas en el que se prescinde de filtros como el libro de texto. Este hecho constituye uno de sus atractivos principales, unido al componente esencialmente práctico, un aspecto que, en el caso de la enseñanza de la Historia, resulta difícil de lograr.
Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
Authors: Nedyalkova Miroslava , Simeonov Vasil
Published: September 2019

In this study, an interpretation and modeling of the soil quality by monitoring data using an intelligent data analysis is presented. On an annual average, values of 12 soil surface chemical parameters as input variables were determined at 35 sampling sites as objects of the study in the region of Burgas, Bulgaria are used as input data set. Cluster analysis (hierarchical and non hierarchical methods abbreviated as HCA and K-means, respectively) and the principal components analysis (PCA) are used as chemometric tools for data interpretation, classification and modeling. Additionally, principal components regression analysis (APCS approach) is introduced to determine the contribution of each identified by PCA latent factor to the total concentration of the chemical parameters. The formation of different patterns of similarity between the variables or the objects of the study by cluster analysis is interpreted with respect to the risk of pollution or spatial conditions. The input data set structure is analyzed by PCA in order to determine the most significant factors responsible for the data structure. Four major patterns of similarity between the chemical parameters measured are found to define soil quality in the region related to industrial and agricultural activity in the region since the objects are separated into two patterns corresponding to each geographical location of the sampling sites. Analogous results were obtained by the use of PCA where the level of explanation of the data set structure is quantitatively assessed by the total explained variance of the system. The apportionment model indicated that the contribution of latent factors (sources of pollution) to the total chemical concentration of the species tested – pH, soil nutrition components, total and organic carbon content and toxic metals.
Almost isotropic Kähler manifolds
Authors: Schmidt Benjamin , Shankar Krishnan , Spatzier Ralf
Published: September 2019

Let M be a complete Riemannian manifold and suppose

p
∈
M

{p\in M}

. For each unit vector

v
∈

T
p

⁢
M

{v\in T_{p}M}

, the Jacobi operator,

𝒥
v

:

v
⊥

→

v
⊥

{\mathcal{J}_{v}:v^{\perp}\rightarrow v^{\perp}}

is the symmetric endomorphism,

𝒥
v

⁢

(
w
)

=

R
⁢

(
w
,
v
)

⁢
v

{\mathcal{J}_{v}(w)=R(w,v)v}

. Then p is an isotropic point if there exists a constant

κ
p

∈
ℝ

{\kappa_{p}\in{\mathbb{R}}}

such that

𝒥
v

=

κ
p

⁢

Id

v
⊥

{\mathcal{J}_{v}=\kappa_{p}\operatorname{Id}_{v^{\perp}}}

for each unit vector

v
∈

T
p

⁢
M

{v\in T_{p}M}

. If all points are isotropic, then M is said to be isotropic; it is a classical result of Schur that isotropic manifolds of dimension at least 3 have constant sectional curvatures.
In this paper we consider almost isotropic manifolds, i.e. manifolds having the property that for each

p
∈
M

{p\in M}

, there exists a constant

κ
p

∈
ℝ

{\kappa_{p}\in\mathbb{R}}

such that the Jacobi operators

𝒥
v

{\mathcal{J}_{v}}

satisfy

rank
⁡

(

𝒥
v

-

κ
p

⁢

Id

v
⊥

)

≤
1

{\operatorname{rank}({\mathcal{J}_{v}-\kappa_{p}\operatorname{Id}_{v^{\perp}}}%
)\leq 1}

for each unit vector

v
∈

T
p

⁢
M

{v\in T_{p}M}

. Our main theorem classifies the almost isotropic simply connected Kähler manifolds, proving that those of dimension

d
=

2
⁢
n

⩾
4

{d=2n\geqslant 4}

are either isometric to complex projective space or complex hyperbolic space or are totally geodesically foliated by leaves isometric to

ℂ

n
-
1

{{\mathbb{C}}^{n-1}}

.
Evaluation of the possible hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials of theAverrhoa carambolajuice extract in female albino rats
Authors: Aba Patrick E. , Amadi Augustus U.
Published: September 2019

Background

Averrhoa carambolafruit is consumed by many people because of its sweetness and medicinal values. However, there is a dearth of researched information on its complete toxicity profile. This study investigated the possible toxicity potentials of star fruit juice in female albino rats.

Methods

Thirty-five rats assigned into seven groups of five rats each and administered with varying doses (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg) of the juice were used for acute toxicity studies. Another 20 rats assigned to four groups (A–D) of five rats each were administered the juice at 0, 600, 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight orally for 28 days. On the 29th day, whole blood, sera and vital organs were collected for hematological, serum biochemical and histopathological analyses, respectively.

Results

Acute study results indicate that the juice was safe even at 5000 mg/kg after 48 h. In the subacute studies, there were no significant (p < 0.05) differences in all hematological parameters, total protein, albumin and globulin values of the treated groups compared with those of the control group. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde values of the rats treated with the juice were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the control rats in a dose-dependent manner. The liver and kidney histomorphologies of the rats treated with the juice showed lesions of degeneration and necrosis when compared with those of the control.

Conclusion

The juice ofA. carambolais both nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic but had no deleterious effects on the hematology.
Precariousness and Philosophical Critique: Towards an Open-Field Combat with Harman’s OOO
Authors: Arnaut André
Published: September 2019

Philosophical critiques are prone to relapse into a sort of entrenchment in which the basic elements of a philosophy are kept from exposure, so that instead of advancing, philosophy easily becomes compartmentalized into specific trends. This article thus seeks the conditions of a non-entrenched, open-field philosophical critique in general and, in particular, of an open-field critique of Harman’s OOO (object-oriented ontology). For that purpose, the idea of precariousness is introduced, which is then confronted with some ideas concerning philosophical critique and practice, in particular those of François Laruelle. Since we can find in Harman’s OOO an outline of what we call here an open-field critique, the field of combat against Harman will be the one concerning the idea of an open field itself.
Nikolai Berdyaev’s Dialectics of Freedom: In Search for Spiritual Freedom
Authors: Bodea Raul-Ovidiu
Published: September 2019

In Berdyaev’s notion of freedom the borders between theology and philosophy seem to fall down. The same existential concern for spiritual freedom is at the heart of both theology and philosophy. From the point of view of existential philosophy as Berdyaev understands it, only a theologically informed account of freedom, could do justice to the concept of freedom. But a freedom determined by God is not what Berdyaev had in mind as representing authentic freedom. It was necessary for him to reinterpret Jakob Boehme’s concept of Ungrund to arrive at a notion of uncreated freedom that both God and man share. But the articulation of this freedom, and an account of it within our fallen world could only be done as a philosophical pursuit. To arrive at the authentic understanding of spiritual freedom, that is theologically informed, Berdyaev believes that a philosophical rejection of erroneous views of freedom should take place. The articulation of the notion of freedom that does justice to the complexity of the existential situation of both God and man is not for Berdyaev a purpose in itself. The purpose is the arrival at a non-objectified knowledge of freedom that would inform a theologically committed existential attitude.
Could electrical coupling contribute to the formation of cell assemblies?
Authors: Traub Roger D. , Whittington Miles A. , Maier Nikolaus , Schmitz Dietmar , Nagy James I.
Published: September 2019

Cell assemblies and central pattern generators (CPGs) are related types of neuronal networks: both consist of interacting groups of neurons whose collective activities lead to defined functional outputs. In the case of a cell assembly, the functional output may be interpreted as a representation of something in the world, external or internal; for a CPG, the output ‘drives’ an observable (i.e. motor) behavior. Electrical coupling, via gap junctions, is critical for the development of CPGs, as well as for their actual operation in the adult animal. Electrical coupling is also known to be important in the development of hippocampal and neocortical principal cell networks. We here argue that electrical coupling – in addition to chemical synapses – may therefore contribute to the formation of at least some cell assemblies in adult animals.
Mobilitätsbedingte Klimawirkung einer alpinen Tourismusdestination
Authors: Mailer Markus , Abegg Bruno , Jänicke Leandra , Bursa Bartosz
Published: September 2019

Anhand von Befragungen in der Tiroler Gemeinde Alpbach wird untersucht, in wie weit sich das Bewusstsein für die Zusammenhänge zwischen Tourismus und Klimawandel bei Bewohnern, Beschäftigten und Gästen unterscheidet. Zudem wird eine Gesamtjahresbilanz der Mobilität von Gästen, Bewohnern und Beschäftigten und des damit verbundenen CO2-Ausstoßes dieser Gemeinde abgeschätzt. Zwar ist bei allen Gruppen ein grundsätzliches Problembewusstsein festzustellen und eine gewisse Bereitschaft für Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Energieverbrauch und CO2-Emissionen auf Reisen, soweit diese keine wesentlichen Einschränkungen im Urlaubsverhalten betreffen. Im Detail zeigen sich jedoch signifikante Unterschiede. Da die Gesamtbilanz der Mobilität die hohe Bedeutung der An- und Abreise für die CO2-Jahresbilanz untermauert, sind mit dem Wissen über das vorhandene Bewusstsein Maßnahmen abzuleiten.