bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and preclinical development of kinetin as a safe error-prone SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy
Authors: Souza Thiago , Pinho Vagner , Setin Cristina , Sacramento Carolina , Macron Rodrigo , Fintelman-Rodrigues Natalia , Heller Melina , Temerozo Jairo , Ferreira André , Mattos Mayara , Momo Patricia , Dias Suelen , Gesto Joao , Perira-Dutra Filipe , Viola João , Bou-Habib Dumith , Bozza Patrícia , Aguillón Anderson , Siqueira-Junior Jarbas , Macedo-Junior Sergio , Andrade Edineia , Fadanni Guilherme , Tolouei Sara , Potrich Francine , Santos Adara , Marques Naiani , Calixto João , Rabi Jaime
Published: April 2022

Orally available antivirals against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are still scarce and the emergence of new variants challenging immunized individuals, suggests that mutant viruses might also emerge because of antiviral pressure. Therefore, beyond the recently alleged positive antiviral clinical results with molnupiravir™ and paxlovid™, the continuous search for drugs against 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is necessary. Because severe COVID-19 is a virus-triggered immune and inflammatory disfunction, molecules endowed with both antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity are highly desirable. We identified here that N6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin, MB-905) inhibits the in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2 at the sub-micromolar range in human hepatic and pulmonary cell lines. On infected monocytes, MB-905 reduced virus replication, IL-6 and TNFα levels. As a pro-drug, MB-905 is converted into its triphosphate nucleotide to inhibit viral RNA synthesis and induce an error-prone virus replication. Consistently, co-inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 exonuclease, a proofreading enzyme that corrects erroneously placed nucleotides during viral RNA replication, potentiated the inhibitory effect of MB-905. SARS-CoV-2-infected transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 were treated with MB-905 and decreased viral replication of the gamma variant was observed, along with reduced lung necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammation, together with increasedmice survival. MB-905 showed good oral absorption, its metabolites were stable and achieved long-lasting plasma concentrations exceeding those required for the in vitro inhibition. Besides, MB-905 was neither mutagenic, toxic during chronic treatment, nor cardiotoxic. Because kinetin has already been clinically investigated for a rare genetic disease at regimens that are beyond the predicted concentrations of antiviral/anti-inflammatory inhibition demonstrated here, our investigation strongly suggests the opportunity for a rapid clinical development of a new and orally available antiviral substance for the treatment of COVID-19.
“When I say I'm depressed, it's like anger.” An Exploration of the Emotional Landscape of Climate Change Concern in Norway and Its Psychological, Social and Political Implications.
Authors: Marczak Michalina , Winkowska Małgorzata , Chaton-Østlie Katia , Rios Roxanna Morote , Klöckner Christian
Published: April 2022

Climate anxiety discourse focuses predominantly on individualised and potentially mentally disturbing aspects of emotional responses to the awareness of climate change which can silence the mobilising charge of climate change emotions. We critically examine this perspective and explore the range, context, and perceived effects of emotions experienced in relation to climate change based on 33 in-depth interviews with people self-identified as highly concerned about this issue in the context of oil-wealthy Norway. Thematic analysis revealed that lived emotional experience of concern about climate change was characterised by a complex palette of co-occurring and dynamically linked emotions reported in relation to 16 evocative themes. We analyse the perceived effects of these emotions focusing on five areas: participants' mood and wellbeing, concerns about existing and hypothetical children, feelings of alienation, the responsibility for the climate situation, and positive experience in the context of climate change. We discuss the psychological, social and political implications of participants' emotional experience, considering the Norwegian context, and we conclude that it goes beyond potentially debilitating and paralysing feelings, and includes politically charged moral anger, and collective guilt, as well as love for nature, and a sense of community around collective climate action.
Whole exome sequencing in patients with ossification of the spinal ligaments
Authors: zhai jiliang , li jiahao , wei xing , Zhao Yu
Published: April 2022

Background: The clinical presentations of ossification of spinal ligament (OSL) are majorly myelopathy and/or radiculopathy, with serious neurological pathology resulting in paralysis of extremities and disturbances of motility (motor function) lowering the quality of life. Currently, studies find that missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a vital role in the susceptibility for complex diseases. Methods: In the present study, we used whole exome sequencing (WES) method to explore variants in exomes and found out novel potential responsible genes for OSL. Genomic DNA was extracted from ligamentum flavum collected from 5 OSL patients and 5 control patients. Whole-exome sequencing was then performed, while variation forecasts and conservation examination were subsequently assessed. Results: 8 common SNP variants were exhibited in all 5 subjects of OSL, presented in the genes of GRHL2, CUL3, WHAMM, IL17RD, POM121L12, SLC26A8 and PTPN23. After screened with numbers of samples and additional screenings with deleterious Polyphen2_HDIV_score, Polyphen2_HVAR_score and SIFT, 4 common SNP variants were displayed in 4 subjects of OSL, presented in the genes of KRT84, KIF1B, NRAP and CETN1. 7 common SNP variants were existed in 3 subjects of OSL, presented in the genes of CCT3, ANLN, ESRRB, SRBD1, ODF3L1, BRAT1 and RBP3. Conclusion: We found out novel potential variants in several genes, especially WHAMM, KIF1B and ESRRB, which represented potentially pathogenic mutations in patients with OSL.
VR-basierte Digital Reusable Learning Objects
Authors: Bartolles Maureen , Kamin Anna-Maria , Meyer Leonard , Pfeiffer Thies
Published: April 2022

Seit einigen Jahren finden VR-Technologien Einzug in die Gesundheitsberufe. Häufig wird der Einsatz durch Forschungsprojekte begleitet, eine mediendidaktische Einbettung oder lerntheoretische Begründung steht hier jedoch zumeist aus. Hinzu kommt, dass Schulungsmassnahmen zur Nutzung von VR-Technologien bisweilen den Fokus auf die Vermittlung von instrumentell-qualifikatorischen Bedienfähigkeiten legen. Der nachfolgende Artikel zeigt auf, wie das Modell des Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) von Mishra und Koehler (2006) als Grundlage für die Konzeption interdisziplinär entworfener, sowohl fachwissenschaftlich und -didaktisch als auch medienpädagogisch begründeter Fortbildungsmassnahmen für Bildungspersonal in der Pflege genutzt werden kann. Neben der interdisziplinären Entwicklung der Fortbildungsmassnahme wird ein innovativer Ansatz zur niederschwelligen und praxisorientierten Erstellung und Nutzung von 360°-VR-Szenarien in der Pflegeausbildung vorgestellt.
Effect of prepartum dietary-cation anion difference on performance, blood mineral and metabolite concentrations in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: HASSANIEN HAZEM EL-SAYED MOHAMMED , MAHMOUD AWAD MAHMOUD MAHMOUD , ABDEL-ROUF ELSAYED MOHAMMED , EWEEDAH NABIL MOHAMMED
Published: April 2022

Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) initiates a compensatory metabolic acidosis, which improves calcium (Ca) absorption and mobilization before calving and minimizes clinical and subclinical hypocalcaemia after calving. The goal of this study was to evaluate how mineral concentrations, blood metabolites, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and productive performance were affected by prepartum dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD mEq [(Na + K – Cl + S)]/kg of dry matter (DM)) in postpartum dairy cows. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein cows ranging from 2 to 5 lactations with an average body weight of 685 ± 10 kg (mean ± SD) were allocated in a randomized block design with three prepartum diets differing in DCAD (0, –100, and –180 mEq/ kg DM). All cows were fed the same postpartum diet and kept on trial for 66 days. Cows fed –180 and –100 mEq DCAD had greater prepartum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations than cows fed 0 mEq DCAD. Cows fed –180 mEq DCAD had greater serum Ca concentrations than cows fed –100 and 0 mEq DCAD. PTH concentrations were greater in cows fed 0 mEq DCAD than in cows fed –100 or –180 mEq DCAD. Cows fed 0 mEq DCAD had higher milk protein and solid-not-fat (SNF) levels than cows fed –100 or –180 mEq DCAD. Treatment and interaction had no effect on milk yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), milk fat, total solids (TS), lactose, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), potassium (K), beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and liver or kidney functions. We concluded that adding anionic salts to dairy cows’ diets (–100 and –180 mEq DCAD) improved postpartum Ca availability and reduced clinical and subclinical hypocalcaemia while having no effect on milk yield or fat-corrected milk.
A természetes kísérlet alkalmazása a demográfiai és szociológiai kutatásban
Authors: Moksony Ferenc
Published: April 2022

A tanulmány célja annak a kutatástípusnak a bemutatása, amely természetes kísérletként ismert a módszertani szakirodalomban, és amelyet mind gyakrabban használnak a társadalomtudományokban. Míg a valódi kísérletben a kutató maga hozza létre a magyarázó változó különböző értékeit, és ő rendeli hozzá véletlenszerűen ezekhez az értékekhez a megfigyelési egységeket, addig a természetes kísérletben a dolgok szerencsés alakulása hoz létre olyan helyzetet, amelyben a magyarázó változó különböző értékeket vesz fel, a megfigyelések pedig gyakorlatilag – vagy akár ténylegesen is – véletlenszerűen rendelődnek hozzá ezekhez az értékekhez. A cikk első része a természetes kísérlet korai példáit, második része pedig a módszer modern alkalmazásait tekinti át. A harmadik rész azokkal a kutatásokkal foglalkozik, amelyek valamilyen lottósorsoláson alapulnak, s amelyekben ezért a randomizálás követelménye nagyobb eséllyel teljesül. Ez a rész tárgyalja azt a problémát is, amellyel akkor találkozunk, amikor a kutató által összehasonlítani kívánt csoportok bizonyos mértékben nem véletlen szelekció eredményei. A tanulmány befejező része abból a szempontból hasonlítja össze a természetes kísérletet néhány más kutatástípussal, hogy melyik módszer mennyire képes egyidejűleg biztosítani a belső és külső érvényességet.
Bovine serum albumin with gallic acid: Molecular modeling and physicochemical profiling
Authors: Fedortsov Nikita , Budkevich Elena , Evdokimov Ivan , Ryabtseva Svetlana , Budkevich Roman
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Gallic acid is a biologically active natural compound with strong antioxidant properties. Gallic acid is highly soluble and stable. It is known to increase the thermal stability of protein. However, its bioavailability is low, but interaction with proteins can solve this problem. Bovine serum albumin can bind various ligands, including polyphenols. The resulting complex of gallic acid and bovine serum albumin can become a promising functional food additive.

Study objects and methods. This research featured in silico molecular modeling of gallic acid and bovine serum albumin using the HyperChem program. The methods of infrared spectrometry, potentiometry, and sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) made it possible to describe the physicochemical profile of the complex.

Results and discussion. The molecular modeling confirmed that hydrophobic interactions were responsible for the chemical bond between gallic acid and bovine serum albumin. The SDS-PAGE test showed that the protein molecule remained intact. The reducing properties of the complex grew as the concentration of gallic acid increased. At 100 mg/L of gallic acid, the reducing properties were 7.8 ± 1.3 mg/L equivalent of gallic acid. At 200 and 300 mg/L, the values reached 15.90 ± 2.65 and 23.30 ± 5.05 mg/L, respectively. The IR spectrometry revealed a significant difference between the samples with different concentrations of gallic acid.

Conclusion. The research managed to predict the properties of the complex of bovine serum albumin and gallic acid during its formation. The resulting complex had the highest reducing properties at 0.69 g of bovine serum albumin and 300 mg of gallic acid. The obtained parameters can be used in the food industry to develop new food additives.
Plant biomass and water use efficiency of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under biosolid applications
Authors: Aukour Fakher J. , Bani Hani Nabeel
Published: April 2022

A large quantity of biosolid is produced worldwide from treated wastewater plants, and it is considered a big challenge to eliminate it in proper and environmentally safe ways. On the other hand, a large quantity of forage needed and was imported from outside to overcome the decrease in local forage production. The objective of this study was to increase the water use efficiency for production of barley biomass as forage crops using biosolid.
Marine Cellulases and their Biotechnological Significance from Industrial Perspectives
Authors: Homaei Ahmad , Navvabi Azita , Pletschke Brett I. , Navvabi Nazila , Kim Se-Kwon
Published: April 2022

Marine microorganisms represent virtually unlimited sources of novel biological compounds and can survive extreme conditions. Cellulases, a group of enzymes that are able to degrade cellulosic materials, are in high demand in various industrial and biotechnological applications, such as in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, food, fuel, agriculture, and single-cell protein, and as probiotics in aquaculture. The cellulosic biopolymer is a renewable resource and is a linearly arranged polysaccharide of glucose, with repeating units of disaccharide connected via β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which are broken down by cellulase. A great deal of biodiversity resides in the ocean, and marine systems produce a wide range of distinct, new bioactive compounds that remain available but dormant for many years. The marine environment is filled with biomass from known and unknown vertebrates and invertebrate microorganisms, with much potential for use in medicine and biotechnology. Hence, complex polysaccharides derived from marine sources are a rich resource of microorganisms equipped with enzymes for polysaccharides degradation. Marine cellulases’ extracts from the isolates are tested for their functional role in degrading seaweed and modifying wastes to low molecular fragments. They purify and renew environments by eliminating possible feedstocks of pollution. This review aims to examine the various types of marine cellulase producers and assess the ability of these microorganisms to produce these enzymes and their subsequent biotechnological applications.
Impact of Previous Pulmonary Tuberculosis on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease: Baseline Results from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yide , Li Zheng , Li Fengsen
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a significant risk factor for COPD, and Xinjiang,
China, has a high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The effects of tuberculosis history on
airflow restriction, clinical symptoms, and acute episodes in COPD patients have not been reported
in the local population. Besides, the exact relationship between lung function changes in people
with a history of tuberculosis and COPD risk is not clear.

Methods:

This study is based on the Xinjiang baseline survey data included in the Natural Population
Cohort Study in Northwest China from June to December, 2018. Subjects' questionnaires,
physical examination, and lung function tests were performed through a face-to-face field survey to
analyze the impact of previous pulmonary tuberculosis on local COPD. Furthermore, we clarified
the specific relationship between pulmonary function decline and the probability of developing
COPD in people with a history of tuberculosis.

Results:

A total of 3249 subjects were eventually enrolled in this study, including 87 with a history
of tuberculosis and 3162 non-TB. The prevalence of COPD in the prior TB group was significantly
higher than that in the control group (p-value = 0.005). First, previous pulmonary tuberculosis is an
essential contributor to airflow limitation in the general population and patients with COPD. In all
subjects included, pulmonary function, FEV1% predicted (p-value < 0.001), and FEV1/FVC (%)
(p-value < 0.001) were significantly lower in the prior TB group than in the control group. Compared
to non-TB group, FEV1% prediction (p-value = 0.019) and FEV1/FVC (%) (p-value
= 0.016) were found to be significantly reduced, and airflow restriction (p-value = 0.004) was more
severe in prior TB group among COPD patients. Second, COPD patients in the prior TB group had
more severe clinical symptoms. Compared with no history of tuberculosis, mMRC (p-value
= 0.001) and CAT (p-value = 0.002) scores were higher in the group with a history of tuberculosis
among COPD patients. Third, compared with the non-TB group, the number of acute exacerbations
per year (p-values＝0.008), the duration of each acute exacerbation (p-values＝0.004), and hospitalization/
patient/year (p-values＜0.001) were higher in the group with a history of tuberculosis
among COPD patients. Finally, a dose-response relationship between FEV1/FVC (%) and the
probability of developing COPD in people with previous pulmonary TB was observed; when
FEV1/FVC (%) was < 80.8, the risk of COPD increased by 13.5% per unit decrease in lung function
[0.865(0.805, 0.930)].

Conclusion:

COPD patients with previous pulmonary tuberculosis have more severe airflow limitations
and clinical symptoms and are at higher risk for acute exacerbations. Furthermore, lung
function changes in people with a history of tuberculosis were associated with a dose-response relationship
with the probability of developing COPD.
Downregulation of CHCHD2 may Contribute to Parkinson’s Disease by
Reducing Expression of NFE2L2 and RQCD1
Authors: Ren Hui , Yang Xinglong , Li Kelu , Ning Pingping , Liu Bin , Yang Hongju , Zhu Yongyun , Yin WeiFang , Zhou Chuanbin
Published: April 2022

Background:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coilhelix
domain containing 2 (CHCHD2) downregulation, which has been linked to reduced cyclocytase
activity and increased levels of oxygen free radicals, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation
and apoptosis. Little is known about how CHCHD2 normally functions in the cell and, therefore,
how its downregulation may contribute to PD.

Objective:

This study aimed to identify such target genes using chromatin immunoprecipitation
sequencing from SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-
phenylpyridinium (MPP+) as a PD model.

Methods:

In this study, we established a MPP+ -related SH-SY5Y cell model and evaluated the
effects of CHCHD2 overexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis. At the same time, we used
high-throughput chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to identify its downstream target gene
in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, we verified the possible downstream target genes and discussed their
mechanisms.

Results:

The expression level of α-synuclein increased in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+, while
the protein expression level of CHCHD2 decreased significantly, especially after 24 h of treatment.
Chip-IP results showed that CHCHD2 might regulate potential target genes such as HDX, ACP1,
RAVER2, C1orf229, RN7SL130, GNPTG, erythroid 2 Like 2 (NFE2L2), required for cell differentiation
1 homologue (RQCD1), solute carrier family 5 member 7 (SLA5A7), and NAcetyltransferase
8 Like (NAT8L). NFE2L2 and RQCD1 were validated as targets using PCR and
western blotting of immunoprecipitates, and these two genes together with SLA5A7 and NAT8L
were upregulated in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing CHCHD2. Downregulation of CHCHD2 may
contribute to PD by leading to inadequate expression of NFE2L2 and RQCD1 as well as, potentially,
SLA5A7 and NAT8L.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that CHCHD2 plays a protective role by maintaining mitochondrial
homeostasis and promoting proliferation in neurons. In this study, the changes of CHCHD2 and
downstream target genes such as NFE2L2/RQCD1 may have potential application prospects in the
future. These findings provide leads to explore PD pathogenesis and potential treatments.
Melatonin Inhibits the Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma via Regulating
miR-16-5p/PIM1
Authors: Huang Lifa , Yan Zhaoxian , Zhang Xin , Hua Lin
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Melatonin (MT) is a pineal hormone with antineoplastic potential. This study
aims to explore the therapeutic potential and mechanism of MT on glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods:

A human GBM cell line, LN229, was used to evaluate the function of MT. Cell viability,
apoptosis, and migration were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively.
The mRNA and protein expressions of specific genes were measured by qRT-PCR and western
blot, respectively. The regulatory relationship between miR-16-5p and PIM1 was validated by dual
luciferase reporter gene assay. A mouse xenograft model was established to prove the anti-tumor
effect and related mechanisms of MT in vivo.

Results:

MT inhibited the viability and migration and promoted the apoptosis of LN229 cells in a
dose-dependent manner. MiR-16-5p was dose-dependently up-regulated by MT in LN229 cells,
negatively regulating its target PIM1. MiR-16-5p inhibitor eliminated the anti-tumor effect of MT in
LN229 cells, while si-PIM1 reversed the effect of miR-16-5p inhibitor in MT-treated cells. MT
inhibited the tumor growth in vivo and MT-induced PIM1 down-regulation was reversed by miR-
16-5p inhibition in tumor tissues.

Conclusions:

MT inhibits the malignant progression of GBM via regulating miR-16-5p-mediated
PIM1.
Keap1 as Target of Genistein on Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Antagonizing Aβ
induced Oxidative Damage of Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Xiao Rong , Xi Yuan-Di , Li Xiao-Ying , Chi Ya-Fei , Han Jing , Li Hong-Rui , Wang Xian-Yun , Wang Xuan , Li Tian-Tian , Yu Hui-Yan
Published: April 2022

Background:

β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) induced oxidative damage contributes to the pathogenesis
of neurodegenerative diseases, and the cerebrovascular system is more vulnerable to oxidative
stress. Our earlier study showed a clue that Genistein (Gen) might activate the Nf-E2 related
factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to protect cerebrovascular cells from oxidative damage induced by Aβ, but
the specific mechanisms and regulation targets are unclear.

Objective:

In this study, the anti-oxidative effects and the possible targets of Gen on regulating the
Nrf2 pathway in bEnd.3 cells were investigated. Cells were divided into control, Aβ25-35, Gen, and
Gen+Aβ25-35 groups.

Methods:

Cell viability, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity,
and nitrotyrosine were evaluated. Moreover, mRNA and/or protein expressions of Nrf2 and kelchlike
ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) were measured. Then we transfected Keap1 over-expressed
plasmid into bEnd.3 cells and measured the protein expressions of Nrf2 pathway related factors.

Results:

Data showed that Gen could inhibit the over-production of MDA and nitrotyrosine and
activate SOD activity. Furthermore, we discovered that Gen could up-regulate Nrf2 mRNA and
protein expression while down-regulating Keap1 protein expression. The Keap1 over-expressed
plasmid study revealed that the up-regulation of Nrf2 protein expression induced by Gen pretreatment
could be blocked by transfection of Keap1 over-expressed plasmid, and the same results were
observed in Nrf2 downstream factors.

Conclusion:

Gen could alleviate the cerebrovascular cells' oxidative damage induced by Aβ25-35
by regulating the Nrf2 pathway, and Keap1 might be one of the targets of Gen in activating the Nrf2
pathway.
Association Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Symptomatic
Intracranial Hemorrhage in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing
Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Hu Fayun , Wu Bo , Yang Yuan , Cui Ting , Bai Xueling , Wang Anmo , Zhang Xuening , Wan Jincheng , Wang Changyi , Lu Kun
Published: April 2022

Background/Objective:

Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory
factor, which may be involved in the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after
acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, the association between SII and symptomatic intracranial
hemorrhage (sICH) in AIS patients undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) remains unclear.

Methods:

Patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) who underwent
EVT were consecutively enrolled. Blood samples were collected in the emergency room and
SII was calculated by neutrophils × platelets/lymphocytes. Participants were categorized into tertiles
according to admission SII. The main outcome was defined as the occurrence of sICH, following the
European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III (ECASS-III) criteria.

Results:

A total of 379 AIS-LVO patients with EVT were enrolled (median age = 71 years, 52.5%
males). The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 15 (IQR,
12-18). The median of SII was 820.9 × 109/L (IQR, 473.1-1345.2). Forty-three (11.3%) patients
developed sICH. SII was found to be independently associated with sICH after EVT (adjusted odd
ratio (OR) = 1.005 (per 10 units increase); 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002-1.008; p = 0.002).
Compared to patients in the lowest SII tertile, patients in the highest tertile had a higher risk of sICH
(adj-OR 3.379; 95% CI 1.302-8.768; p = 0.012). The risk of sICH increased with the increase of SII
in a dose-dependent manner (p for trend = 0.004). There was no interaction between potential modifiers
and SII on sICH.

Conclusions:

Admission SII is positively associated with sICH in AIS-LVO patients treated with
EVT. These results need to be confirmed in future studies.
Proteomic Analysis of Tumor-specific Biomarkers in Colon Cancer
Authors: Chan Hong-Lin , Chien Yu-An , Chou Hsiu-Chuan , Yang Chu-Chun , Wang Yi-Shiuan , Wei Yu-Shan
Published: April 2022

Background:

With the development of medicine and technological advancement, the
concept of precision medicine is becoming popular, and the traditional principle of all-in-one therapy
has been gradually fading. Utilizing the detection of genome, transcriptome, proteome, and
metabolome, combined with big data analysis to discover new pathogenic mechanisms, provides
more effective prescriptions with fewer side effects and even shifts the emphasis of medicine from
disease treatment to disease prevention.

Methods:

Proteomics is one of the potential tools for monitoring the alternations of protein expression.
This study analyzed the proteomic alternations between normal colon tissue and cancerous colon
tissue via two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to select the potential
target proteins.

Results:

The experimental results demonstrated that a total of 90 proteins were identified, which
were significantly expressed. These proteins were classified according to their functions. They were
found to be mainly associated with cytoskeleton regulation, glycolysis, and protein folding. Furthermore,
immunoblotting was used to verify the differentially expressed proteins, and the results
were in line with the trends in the proteomic analysis.

Conclusion:

To sum up, these differentially expressed proteins could be used as potential and precise
biomarkers in the diagnosis or treatment of colorectal cancer.
Proteome Profiling of Serum Exosomes from Newborns Delivered by
Mothers with Preeclampsia
Authors: Peng Hui , Wu Youjia , Li Haiying , Zhang Xiaoqun , Hong Xianhui , Zhang Shuxuan , Tang Haijun , Shi Jinlong
Published: April 2022

Background:

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy-specific disease with potential
adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Objective:

We aimed to estimate proteomic profiles of serum-derived exosomes obtained from PE
offspring with bioinformatics methods.

Method:

Serum samples were collected from 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h newborns delivered by
preeclamptic and normal pregnant women. Exosomes were extracted, and the concentration and size
distribution were determined. The exosome surface markers CD9, CD63, CD81, and TSG101, were
assayed by Western blot. The exosome proteins were screened by quantitative proteomics with tandem
mass tag (TMT). All the identified proteins were subjected to the Weighted Gene Co-
Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), GO function, and KEGG pathway analysis. A proteinprotein
interaction network (PPI) was used to extract hub proteins through the Cytohubba plugin of
Cytoscape.

Results:

The extracted exosomes were round or oval vesicular structures at a 100-200 nm concentration,
and the size distribution was standard and uniform. Exosome surface markers CD9, CD63,
and CD81 were detected, and TSG101 was not detected. A total of 450 expressed proteins were selected,
and 444 proteins were mapped with gene names. A blue module with 66 proteins highly correlated
with phenotype at 12 h. Functional analyses revealed that module proteins were mainly enriched
in the extracellular matrix. The top 10 selected hub proteins were identified as hub proteins,
including COL6A2, HSPG2, COL4A1, COL3A1, etc.

Conclusion:

Our study provides important information for exploring molecular mechanisms of
preeclampsia and potential biomarkers for future diagnosis and treatment in the clinic.
Co-infections of Schistosoma spp. and Malaria with Hepatitis Viruses from Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Taghipour Ali , Bahadory Saeed , Olfatifar Meysam , Norouzi Mojtaba , Majidiani Hamidreza , Foroutan Masoud
Published: April 2022

Background:

Co-infection of schistosomiasis and malaria with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and
hepatitis C virus (HCV) are common in countries where schistosomiasis and malaria are endemic.

Objective:

The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence of
malaria/hepatitis viruses and Schistosoma/hepatitis viruses’ co-infections.

Materials and Methods:

Relevant published studies on the co-infection of malaria and Schistosoma
spp. with HBV and HCV were retrieved via international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science,
and Google Scholar). Regarding meta-analysis, the random‐effect model was employed by forest plot
with a 95% of confidence interval (CI).

Results:

A total of 22 studies, including 15 studies with malaria/hepatitis viruses’ co-infection and 7
studies with Schistosoma/hepatitis viruses’ co-infection met the eligibility criteria. The co-infection of
malaria/HCV and malaria/HBV in different populations were 15% (95% CI, 0-77%) and 5% (95% CI,
1-10%), respectively. Moreover, Schistosoma/H CV and Schistosoma/HBV co infection were detected
in 7% (95% CI, 0-54%) and 2% (95% CI, 0-7%), respectively.

Conclusion:

The overlaps between Schistosoma spp. and malaria with hepatitis B and C viruses in
endemic countries with lower income levels were high, which deserve further attention.
Evaluating the Potential of Adathoda vasica against Respiratory Infection
caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Kumar Sharly Elgal Nirmal , Jayaraj John Marshal , Muthusamy Karthikeyan , Samuel Jasmine Ranjan , Krishnasamy Gopinath
Published: April 2022

Background:

Adathoda vasica is the most well-known medicinal herb to treat respiratory
conditions. The leaves of Adathoda vasica have been found to exert a stimulant effect on the respiratory
system. Adathoda vasica leaves contain rich content of alkaloids that contribute to most of
the pharmacological activity.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Adathoda vasica extract against the
respiratory pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae in vivo and an animal model.

Methods:

The effectiveness of the A. vasica extracts to inhibit the chief respiratory pathogen, K.
pneumoniae, in vivo using CFU assay was carried out in animal models. The bioactive compounds
were screened through GC-MS and were docked with FIMG protein and COVID-19 proteins to assess
the efficacy of the compounds against respiratory infection.

Results:

The result revealed A. vasica as an effective herb against respiratory infection. The ethanol
extract of A. vasica was subjected to GC-MS analysis. Based on the percentage of peak area, three
compounds were chosen for docking analysis for FIMG and SARS-CoV-2 proteins, which revealed
higher binding affinity and interacted with the residues. The greater ZOI by disc diffusion assay and
reduced CFU in plant-treated rat lung tissues confirmed the antibacterial potential of A. vasica
against K. pneumoniae

Conclusion:

The bioactive compounds of A. vasica leaves could be promising candidates to treat
respiratory infections caused by K. pneumoniae.
Люминесценцентные исследования растворов бисфенола A под действием электронного пучка
Authors: Чайковская О.Н. , Бочарникова Е.Н. , Майер Г.В. , Соломонов В.И. , Макарова А.С. , Орлов А.Н. , Осипов В.В. , Чайковский С.А.
Published: April 2022

The results of measuring the luminescence of ambient air and solutions of an organic compound during their irradiation with a high-current pulsed electron beam with an average energy of Ee=170 keV and a duration of 2 ns, generated by the RADAN-303 accelerator, are presented. It is shown that, under such exposure, the transformation of dissolved bisphenol A occurs, which is accompanied by an increase in the absorption coefficient of the solution in the wavelength range of more than 300 nm and, as a consequence, a decrease in the intensity of air luminescence bands with an increase in the number of irradiation pulses. The results showed the degradation of the BPA solution to complete decomposition under the action of an electron beam treatment.
What Injured Workers With Complex Claims Look For in Online Communities: Netnographic Analysis
Authors: Manning Hutson Michelle , Hosking Sarah M , Mantalvanos Soula , Berk Michael , Pasco Julie , Dunning Trisha
Published: April 2022

Background

Improved understanding of social constructs around injury may help insurance case managers to understand how best to support people after injury.

Objective

This study sought to explore what people who sustain work-related injuries may seek from online communities. The study highlights potential opportunities for improved engagement with insurance case management practice.

Methods

An observational netnographic analysis was undertaken on anonymous, publicly available messages posted on Australian message boards. All research data were drawn from anonymous, online communities. A person (author SM) with experience of making a claim through an Australian workers’ compensation system and online engagement was involved in study conception, design, and analysis. Data were analyzed using NVivo12 in an iterative, multistage process including coding, journaling, and member checking. A total of 141 people were engaged in discussion across 47 threads housed on 4 Australian forums.

Results

In this qualitative study, themes emerged from the data, describing how injured workers use online communities to help make decisions, get support, and solve problems. The key motivators for action and engagement were seeking information, connection, or justice. Establishment of relationships was a key mediator of each of these parameters.

Conclusions

Some work-related injuries may involve medical and medicolegal complexity as well as changed lifestyle and routine during convalescence and recovery. The mechanism used by some injured workers to seek information and problem solve suggests a capacity for self-management and self-care after work-related injury. Netnography provides information on a community that may not regularly engage with research because of the complexity of their situation and their vulnerability.
Using Video Games to Improve the Sexual Health of Young People Aged 15 to 25 Years: Rapid Review
Authors: Franco Vega Ignacio , Eleftheriou Anastasia , Graham Cynthia
Published: April 2022

Background

Sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies among young people remain public health concerns in many countries. To date, interventions that address these concerns have had limited success. Serious games are increasingly being used as educational tools in health and professional public education. Although acknowledged as having great potential, few studies have evaluated the use of serious games in sexual health education among young people, and to date, there have been no published reviews of these studies.

Objective

This study aims to assess the effects of video game–based sexual health interventions for risky sexual behavior in young people aged between 15 and 25 years.

Methods

A rapid review of randomized controlled trials and quasi–randomized controlled trials was performed. The search included the following bibliographic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus. A total of 2 reviewers independently screened 50% (35/70) of the retrieved articles during the full-text screening phase.

Results

From a total of 459 identified citations, after removing duplicates, 327 (71.2%) articles were deemed eligible for title and abstract screening. Of the 327 articles, 70 (21.4%) full texts were screened, from which 10 (3.1%) articles (evaluating 11 different games) were included in the review. The findings highlighted the considerable diversity in video game–based interventions and assessed sexual health outcomes. Although there were some promising findings in outcome studies using game-based interventions, the results across studies were mixed.

Conclusions

Although game interventions for sexual health have been in existence for almost three decades, relatively few studies have evaluated them, and the results of previous outcome studies have been mixed. Moreover, there is little clarity regarding which specific elements of a game facilitate positive outcomes. We provide recommendations for future researchers developing video game–based interventions to improve sexual health in young people.
Using Mixed Reality Headsets to Deliver Remote Bedside Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Feasibility Trial of HoloLens 2
Authors: Sivananthan Arun , Gueroult Aurelien , Zijlstra Geiske , Martin Guy , Baheerathan Aravindhan , Pratt Philip , Darzi Ara , Patel Nisha , Kinross James
Published: April 2022

Background

COVID-19 has had a catastrophic impact in terms of human lives lost. Medical education has also been impacted as appropriately stringent infection control policies precluded medical trainees from attending clinical teaching. Lecture-based education has been easily transferred to a digital platform, but bedside teaching has not.

Objective

This study aims to assess the feasibility of using a mixed reality (MR) headset to deliver remote bedside teaching.

Methods

Two MR sessions were led by senior doctors wearing the HoloLens headset. The trainers selected patients requiring their specialist input. The headset allowed bidirectional audiovisual communication between the trainer and trainee doctors. Trainee doctor conceptions of bedside teaching, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bedside teaching, and the MR sessions were evaluated using pre- and postround questionnaires, using Likert scales. Data related to clinician exposure to at-risk patients and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) were collected.

Results

Prequestionnaire respondents (n=24) strongly agreed that bedside teaching is key to educating clinicians (median 7, IQR 6-7). Postsession questionnaires showed that, overall, users subjectively agreed the MR session was helpful to their learning (median 6, IQR 5.25-7) and that it was worthwhile (median 6, IQR 5.25-7). Mixed reality versus in-person teaching led to a 79.5% reduction in cumulative clinician exposure time and 83.3% reduction in PPE use.

Conclusions

This study is proof of principle that HoloLens can be used effectively to deliver clinical bedside teaching. This novel format confers significant advantages in terms of minimizing exposure of trainees to COVID-19, reducing PPE use, enabling larger attendance, and delivering convenient and accessible real-time clinical training.
Utility Metrics for Evaluating Synthetic Health Data Generation Methods: Validation Study
Authors: El Emam Khaled , Mosquera Lucy , Fang Xi , El-Hussuna Alaa
Published: April 2022

Background

A regular task by developers and users of synthetic data generation (SDG) methods is to evaluate and compare the utility of these methods. Multiple utility metrics have been proposed and used to evaluate synthetic data. However, they have not been validated in general or for comparing SDG methods.

Objective

This study evaluates the ability of common utility metrics to rank SDG methods according to performance on a specific analytic workload. The workload of interest is the use of synthetic data for logistic regression prediction models, which is a very frequent workload in health research.

Methods

We evaluated 6 utility metrics on 30 different health data sets and 3 different SDG methods (a Bayesian network, a Generative Adversarial Network, and sequential tree synthesis). These metrics were computed by averaging across 20 synthetic data sets from the same generative model. The metrics were then tested on their ability to rank the SDG methods based on prediction performance. Prediction performance was defined as the difference between each of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the precision-recall curve values on synthetic data logistic regression prediction models versus real data models.

Results

The utility metric best able to rank SDG methods was the multivariate Hellinger distance based on a Gaussian copula representation of real and synthetic joint distributions.

Conclusions

This study has validated a generative model utility metric, the multivariate Hellinger distance, which can be used to reliably rank competing SDG methods on the same data set. The Hellinger distance metric can be used to evaluate and compare alternate SDG methods.
Desarrollo de cama de simulación 3D para RIS en zona urbana de México
Authors: Galicia Reyes Jorge Iván , Gómez Ramírez Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

Trabajar con Redes Inalámbricas de Sensores (RIS) en zonas urbanas es una tarea complicada de realizar, en donde diversos factores se deben tomar en cuenta, debido a la naturaleza propia del entorno. Es aquí en donde herramientas analíticas como los simuladores juegan un papel importante para el éxito de las redes. El objetivo de este trabajo es contar con un entorno virtual 3D para el simulado de RIS que sea confiable, escalable, modular y robusto que permita dar certidumbre durante el diseño de redes. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un entorno 3D de la ciudad de Torreón, haciendo uso del simulador de eventos discretos OMNeT++, con herramientas de INET framework. La cama de simulación 3D comprende una sección de 1 km2 de objetos físicos como edificaciones y vegetación, el mapa de la ciudad de Torreón y datos de elevación de la SRTM. Se presentan dos casos comparativos entre simulaciones y datos de RIS desplegadas en la ciudad, obteniendo la eficiencia de la red y el RSSI, a diferentes distancias entre nodos. El primer caso de estudio corresponde al estándar IEEE 802.15.4 en distancias de 25, 50 y 100m, y el segundo caso al modo TI Legacy Long Range a 90, 135 y 200m. Los resultados muestran una coincidencia del 92% y el 95% en promedio respectivamente en paquetes recibidos entre datos simulados y los recolectados con las RIS. En cuanto al RSSI se muestra un comportamiento acorde a lo esperado, debilitándose a mayores distancias. La cama de simulación 3D es una herramienta confiable para simular redes con diferentes niveles de complejidad y escala, facilita tener referencias visuales y permite entender el comportamiento de las RIS que se busquen diseñar, sirviendo de apoyo en los esfuerzos para el monitoreo de calidad de aire que existen en la región.
Characteristics and calibration of the mexican boundary layer wind tunnel at UNAM
Authors: Amaya Gallardo Edmundo , Pozos Estrada Adrián , Gómez Martínez Roberto
Published: April 2022

With the aim to improve and promote Mexican Wind Engineering research, a low-speed closed return wind tunnel for atmospheric environment and structural wind-loading simulations was built at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). The testing calibration procedure was developed based on many recommendations specified by several authors on the literature to assure compliance with full-scale measurements, laboratory results and international coding. The calibration procedure consists of four stages: the first stage is to represent adequately the atmospheric boundary layer; the second, to obtain adequate pressure coefficients for rigid models; the third, to perform tests to obtain the aerodynamic forces and some dynamic properties from structural models; and the fourth is to develop aeroelastic models. This paper focuses on the first two stages. Therefore, during the first stage, various tasks were developed to perform adequate representation on the lower-portion of the atmospheric boundary layer to characterize mean velocity profiles and turbulence fluctuations. On the second stage, the main task was to replicate external mean pressure coefficients of a typical cubic low-rise building as many other laboratories have done before. During the first stage it was possible to adequately replicate an urban atmospheric boundary layer artificially. During the second stage, some results reveal the need to update the current Mexican regulations for wind design, since some pressure coefficients considerably exceeds the threshold values. Finally, although other types of tests are in progress, it is considered that the new boundary layer wind tunnel of the UNAM can be used with confidence to test different type of structures and contribute to the development of Mexican Wind Engineering.
ABOUT THE NATIONAL SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Akimov Pavel , Belostotsky Alexander , Kabantsev Oleg , Sidorov Vladimir , Tusnin Alexander
Published: April 2022

As is known, design solutions for the load-bearing systems of buildings and structures, as well as individual structural elements, are based on the results of a design analysis, which is usually performed by numerical methods using software systems. The same is true for structural analysis of construction objects at the stages of construction, operation, reconstruction. The distinctive paper is devoted to the current task of developing the Russian national software system for adequate determination of loads and impacts, stress-strain state, strength, stability, reliability and safety of buildings, structures and complexes at significant stages of their life cycle.
Risk and return of heterogenous farmland locations and qualities
Authors: Noumir Ashraf , Langemeier Michael
Published: April 2022

Using data on farmland values in Indiana and Iowa, this study examines the risk and return characteristics surrounding top, medium, and poor farmland qualities in different locations in these two states. We find that systematic risks of locations/qualities are very low (indistinguishable from 0). In terms of risk-adjusted return, our results show that Indiana farmland has more excess return and higher reward-to-risk ratios than Iowa. Also, adding the quality dimension to the geographic dimension in portfolio selection strategies improved the portfolio reward-to-risk ratio for Indiana but not for Iowa. Interestingly, we found that the average quality farmland has more weight in portfolios relative to top- and poor-quality farmland.