bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between gut microbiota and sarcopenia or its defining parameters in older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Lapauw Laurence , Rutten Aurélie , Dupont Jolan , Amini Nadjia , Vercauteren Laura , Derrien Muriel , Raes Jeroen , Gielen Evelien
Published: August 2024

Altered gut microbiota (GM) potentially contribute to development or worsening of sarcopenia through a gut‐muscle axis. This systematic review aims to compare GM between persons with sarcopenia or low sarcopenia‐defining parameters (muscle mass, strength, and physical performance) to those with preserved muscle status, as well as to clarify possible associations between sarcopenia (‐defining parameters) and relative abundance (RA) of GM‐taxa or GM‐(α‐ or β) diversity indices, in order to clarify whether there is robust evidence of the existence of a GM signature for sarcopenia. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA‐reporting guideline and pre‐registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021259597). PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane library were searched until 20 July 2023. Included studies reported on GM and sarcopenia or its defining parameters. Observational studies were included with populations of mean age ≥50 years. Thirty‐two studies totalling 10 781 persons (58.56% ♀) were included. Thirteen studies defined sarcopenia as a construct. Nineteen studies reported at least one sarcopenia‐defining parameter (muscle mass, strength or physical performance). Studies found different GM‐taxa at multiple levels to be significantly associated with sarcopenia (n = 4/6), muscle mass (n = 13/14), strength (n = 7/9), and physical performance (n = 3/3); however, directions of associations were heterogeneous and also conflicting for specific GM‐taxa. Regarding β‐diversity, studies found GM of persons with sarcopenia, low muscle mass, or low strength to cluster differently compared with persons with preserved muscle status. α‐diversity was low in persons with sarcopenia or low muscle mass as compared with those with preserved muscle status, indicating low richness and diversity. In line with this, α‐diversity was significantly and positively associated with muscle mass (n = 3/4) and muscle strength (n = 2/3). All reported results were significant (P < 0.05). Persons with sarcopenia and low muscle parameters have less rich and diverse GM and can be separated from persons with preserved muscle mass and function based on GM‐composition. Sarcopenia and low muscle parameters are also associated with different GM‐taxa at multiple levels, but results were heterogeneous and no causal conclusions could be made due to the cross‐sectional design of the studies. This emphasizes the need for uniformly designed cross‐sectional and longitudinal trials with appropriate GM confounder control in large samples of persons with sarcopenia and clearly defined core outcome sets in order to further explore changes in GM‐taxa and to determine a sarcopenia‐specific GM‐signature.
Investigation of structural, optical, photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties of ZnO doped GO nanoparticles for environment applications
Authors: Kaviyarasu K.
Published: August 2024

As a result of their unique and novel properties, nanocomposites have found applications in a wide variety of fields. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the ability to synthesize nanoparticles consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO) via sol–gel techniques. An x‐ray diffractometer (XRD) as well as a UV–visible spectrometer were used to determine the crystalline and optical characteristics of the prepared samples. A hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure was observed in both pure ZnO nanoparticles and those that contain GO based on XRD results. It was estimated that the average crystallite size is based on the broadening of x‐ray lines. In comparison with pure ZnO, the antimicrobial properties were enhanced when GO was incorporated with ZnO. In addition, experiments on the absorption edge indicated the presence of a red shift as a result of the incorporation of GO. When GO is incorporated in quantitative amounts, the bandgap value of pure ZnO decreased. FTIR spectra exhibit a band of absorption at 486 cm−1, which confirms Zn‐O stretching in both samples. SEM images reveal a random pattern of structural features on the surface of the prepared samples. According to the EDX spectrum, pure GO nanoparticles and those doped with ZnO contain 61%–64% zinc and 32%–34% oxygen, respectively. When annealed at a higher temperature, ZnO NPs produced more H2 with a narrower bandgap than before annealing. In addition, methyl blue (MB) was used as an example of an organic compound in order to investigate the potential photocatalytic properties of nanoparticles with ZnO doped GO. In addition to DPPH assays, ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO doped GO nanoparticles were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals. Comparing ZnO doped GO NPs with pure ZnO, these nanoparticles showed increased antioxidant activity. Based on the increased zone of inhibition observed for pure ZnO and ZnO doped GO (5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/mL), the antibacterial activity of pure ZnO and ZnO doped GO is concentration dependent. A detailed discussion of the results of the study demonstrated that ZnO doped GO and pure ZnO are toxic in different ways depending on how long they survive in degreased Zebrafish embryos and how fast they decompose.

Research Highlights

The scope of the manuscript was under the results of the study confirmed that both nanoparticles exhibited concentration dependent antioxidative activity.

Determined that 89% of methyl orange dye can be degraded photocatalytically.

ZnO nanoparticles were found to be 74.86% antioxidant at a concentration of 50 g/mL in the present study.

At a concentration of 50 g/mL, ZnO doped GO NPs showed 79.1% antioxidant activity.

Photocatalytic degradation mechanism scheme is implicit in the photoexcited charge carrier transportation path is observed for all the samples.

Survival rate of zebrafish embryos was shown to decrease with increasing concentrations of ZnO and zinc oxide plus GO nanoparticles.
Profiling biomanufactured extracellular vesicles of human forebrain spheroids in a Vertical‐Wheel Bioreactor
Authors: Liu Chang , Sun Li , Worden Hannah , Ene Justice , Zeng Olivia Z. , Bhagu Jamini , Grant Samuel C. , Bao Xiaoping , Jung Sunghoon , Li Yan
Published: August 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human brain cells have great potential as cell‐free therapies in various diseases, including stroke. However, because of the significant amount of EVs needed in preclinical and clinical trials, EV application is still challenging. Vertical‐Wheel Bioreactors (VWBRs) have designed features that allow for scaling up the generation of human forebrain spheroid EVs under low shear stress.

In this study, EV secretion by human forebrain spheroids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells as 3D aggregates and on Synthemax II microcarriers in VWBRs were investigated with static aggregate culture as a control. The spheroids were characterized by metabolite and transcriptome analysis. The isolated EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, and Western blot. The EV cargo was analyzed using proteomics and miRNA sequencing. The in vitro functional assays of an oxygen and glucose‐deprived stroke model were conducted. Proof of concept in vivo study was performed, too.

Human forebrain spheroid differentiated on microcarriers showed a higher growth rate than 3D aggregates. Microcarrier culture had lower glucose consumption per million cells and lower glycolysis gene expression but higher EV biogenesis genes. EVs from the three culture conditions showed no differences in size, but the yields from high to low were microcarrier cultures, dynamic aggregates, and static aggregates. The cargo is enriched with proteins (proteomics) and miRNAs (miRNA‐seq), promoting axon guidance, reducing apoptosis, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and regulating immune responses. Human forebrain spheroid EVs demonstrated the ability to improve recovery in an in vitro stroke model and in vivo.

Human forebrain spheroid differentiation in VWBR significantly increased the EV yields (up to 240–750 fold) and EV biogenesis compared to static differentiation due to the dynamic microenvironment and metabolism change. The biomanufactured EVs from VWBRs have exosomal characteristics and more therapeutic cargo and are functional in in vitro assays, which paves the way for future in vivo stroke studies.
Enhanced differentiation between 3‐hydroxyglutaric and 2‐hydroxyglutaric acids facilitates diagnostic testing for glutaric aciduria type 1
Authors: Cyr Denis , Boutin Michel , Maranda Bruno , Waters Paula J.
Published: August 2024

Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is an inherited neurometabolic disorder, in which deficiency of glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase leads to accumulation of glutaric acid (GA) and 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid (3‐HG). Some low excretors may exhibit only slight elevation of urinary 3‐HG, with normal urinary GA, yet are at significant risk of severe clinical disease. Accurate quantitation of urinary 3‐HG is crucial in diagnostic workup for GA1, but in this context, current gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) methods have inherent analytical challenges. Co‐elution and spectral similarities of the 3‐HG and 2‐HG structural isomers can cause difficulties in quantitation of slightly elevated 3‐HG. Our laboratory recently acquired a gas chromatography system coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC–MS/MS), and we took advantage of its increased sensitivity and specificity to improve our existing GC–MS method. A stable isotope dilution process is used, with sample treatment consisting of a double liquid–liquid extraction followed by a trimethylsilyl derivatization. The transitions m/z 349 → 333 for 3‐HG and m/z 349 → 321 for 2‐HG were selected to differentiate these two isobaric molecules based on their characteristic fragments, thus minimizing interferences despite co‐elution. Method validation demonstrated satisfactory precision and accuracy. Using GC–MS/MS instead of GC–MS allowed us to decrease the required specimen volume, number of sample processing steps, chromatographic run time, and instrument maintenance. This enhanced assay facilitates clinical laboratory testing for GA1, both in confirmatory protocols following positive newborn screening and in diagnostic investigation of patients with suggestive signs or symptoms.
Treatment switching and associated economic outcomes in patients with plaque psoriasis treated with biologics: A retrospective analysis of German claims data 2016−2021
Authors: Pinter Andreas , Soliman Ahmed M. , Manz Karina C. , Weber Valeria , Ludwig Paul , Mocek Anja , Höer Ariane , Lebwohl Mark G.
Published: August 2024

Background

Biologics are therapeutic options for the management of moderate−severe plaque psoriasis. Some patients need to switch biologic treatment to achieve satisfactory outcomes, which might have a considerable economic impact.

Objectives

We assessed the characteristics and switch rates of patients with plaque psoriasis initiating biologic treatment and compared healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs for switching and non‐switching.

Methods

This study was a retrospective claims‐based analysis comprising a 182‐day baseline period to identify patient characteristics and a 365‐day follow‐up to assess switch rates, HCRU and associated costs. Data covering claims activity from 2016 to 2021 in a representative sample of four million individuals with statutory insurance in Germany was used.

Results

We identified 2565 patients with psoriasis initiating biologic treatment with anti‐IL‐17 (n = 1037), anti‐IL‐23 (n = 704), anti‐TNF‐α (n = 583) and anti‐IL‐12/23 (n = 241) agents. A total of 9.2% of patients switched therapy to another biologic during follow‐up, ranging from 4.9% (secukinumab) to 16.5% (etanercept). The probability of treatment switching was significantly lower in patients treated with risankizumab (p < 0.05) than in patients treated with other biologics except guselkumab (p = 0.14). HCRU and associated costs during the follow‐up were generally higher with a therapy switch (all‐cause: 32,263 ± 15,381€) than without (25,041 ± 12,090€). This applied to direct costs (outpatient services, hospitalization, drug treatment) and indirect costs (sickness benefits). Drug treatment accounted for the largest share of costs.

Conclusions

Treatment switching is frequent in patients with moderate−severe plaque psoriasis initiating biologic therapy and is associated with increased HCRU and associated costs. As the probability that a switch occurs within 365 days after treatment initiation widely differs between biologic agents, further research is warranted to determine the underlying reasons for switching to help establish clinically and economically sound therapy sequences.
Multi‐Mode Elastic Full‐Color Fluorescent Patterns for Multi‐Visual Encryption
Authors: Liang Shu‐Yu , Liu Yue‐Feng , Ji Zhi‐Kun , Xia Hong , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: August 2024

The development of multi‐mode fluorescent patterns has attracted widespread attention, particularly for applications in high‐density information storage and highly secure encryption. However, the fabrication process of multi‐mode fluorescent patterns generally involves tedious and expensive steps. Specifically, in the fabrication technology of elastic full‐color fluorescent patterns, there is still a lack of ideal patterning preparation technology that can overcome the solvent orthogonality problem associated with multi‐color fabrication while ensuring both high elasticity and luminescence efficiency of the pattern. Herein, the multi‐mode elastic fluorescent patterns are successfully fabricated by multiple transferring of the quantum dots (QDs) from the carrier substrates to the elastomeric PDMS substrate via femtosecond laser‐induced forward transfer (FsLIFT) technology. Due to its solvent‐free nature, absence of masking requirements, and no need for annealing during FsLIFT processing, the multiple transferred QD films achieve independent patterns and does not interfere with each other, providing a strong promise for the fabrication of multi‐mode elastic full‐color patterns. Based on these stretchable fluorescent patterns, multi‐visual encryption techniques are successfully demonstrated. The proposed FsLIFT technology offers an efficient and straightforward strategy for fabricating multi‐mode fluorescent patterns with potential applications in advanced commercial security information encryption and dynamic camouflage.
Application of Resonant Plasmonic Bowtie Nanoantennas for Optically‐Assisted Diffusiophoretic Trapping of Extracellular Vesicles and Nanoparticles
Authors: Anyika Theodore , Hong Ikjun , Zhu Guodong , Ndukaife Justus C.
Published: August 2024

Plasmonic antennas leveraging localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) hold a significant premise for efficiently trapping nanoscale particles at low power levels. However, their effectiveness is hindered by photothermal effects that arise with metallic nanoparticles, leading to decreased stability of trapped particles. To address this limitation, a hybrid approach that combines depletion attraction and photothermal effects inherent in plasmonic structures is proposed, capitalizing on thermally induced concentration gradients. Through the thermophoretic depletion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules around plasmonic hotspots, sharp concentration gradients are created, enabling precise localization of nanoscopic particles through a synergistic effect with diffusiophoretic forces. Our experiments successfully demonstrate the ability to trap and dynamically manipulate small extracellular vesicles and 100 nm polystyrene beads, showcasing the platform's potential for assembly at the nanoscale. Remarkably, this method maintains stable trapping performance even at a laser power of . The demonstration of stable trapping of small extracellular vesicles showcases the compatibility of this platform with bio species. This study introduces a promising avenue for the precise and efficient manipulation of nanoscale particles, with wide‐ranging implications in nanotechnology, biophysics, and nanomedicine. This research opens new opportunities for advancing nanoscale particle studies and applications, ushering in a new era of nanoscale manipulation techniques.
Origin of Efficient and Tunable Dual‐Band Emission From Zinc Chalcogenide Quantum Dots for Sustainable Photonics
Authors: Shen Hanchen , Yuan Xiaojia , Ren Yinjuan , Huang Zhigao , Zhu Hai , Zhang Shengli , Wang Yue
Published: August 2024

Impurity‐induced optical modulation in quantum‐confined colloidal nanocrystals has attracted intense interest thanks to the unique fundamental photo‐physics and application prospects. However, the present doping strategy is still facing limitations including spectral tunability and impurity controllability. Herein, a new route toward the tunable and efficient dual‐band emission in chlorine‐doped ZnSe (ZnSe:Cl) eco‐friendly quantum dots (QDs) is provided. Corroborated by the comprehensive spectroscopic characterization and first‐principles calculations, the emerging broadband sub‐gap emission is disclosed to originate from the self‐activating center constituted by a fusion of a Cl‐substituted Se point defect and a nearby Zn vacancy (ClSe‐VZn pair). First‐principles calculations confirm that the optically active center state stems from the distorted electron states of Se atoms surrounding the impurity rather than the Cl electron orbitals, which results in robust sub‐gap emission at ambient conditions. A dynamic model involving the transition between the charge and neutral states of the self‐activated center is established. By virtue of the controllable dual‐emission states, the transparent information encryption and the single‐component white light‐emitting diodes are realized, demonstrating the promising potential in sustainable photonic applications.
Patient‐derived ovarian cancer organoid carries immune microenvironment and blood vessel keeping high response to cisplatin
Authors: Zhao Yuqing , Wang Chen , Deng Wei , Li Lanyang , Liu Jiping , Shi Yanghua , Tao Xiang , Zhang Jian , Cao Qi , Cai Chunhui , Han Xinxin
Published: August 2024

Ovarian cancer is high recurrence and mortality malignant tumor. The most common ovarian cancer was High‐Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. However, High‐Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer organoid is rare, which organoid with patient immune microenvironment and blood vessels even absence. Here, we report a novel High‐Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer organoid system derived from patient ovarian cancer samples. These organoids recapitulate High‐Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer organoids' histological and molecular heterogeneity while preserving the critical immune microenvironment and blood vessels, as evidenced by the presence of CD34+ endothelial cells. Whole exome sequencing identifies key mutations (CSMD3, TP53, GABRA6). Organoids show promise in testing cisplatin sensitivity for patients resistant to carboplatin and paclitaxel, with notable responses in cancer proteoglycans and p53 (TP53) signaling, like ACTG/ACTB1/AKT2 genes and BBC3/MDM2/PERP. Integration of immune microenvironment and blood vessels enhances potential for novel therapies like immunotherapies and angiogenesis inhibitors. Our work may provide a new detection system and theoretical basis for ovarian cancer research and individual therapy.
Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Large‐Scale Disruptions of the Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Metcalfe‐Roach Avril , Cirstea Mihai S. , Yu Adam C. , Ramay Hena R. , Coker Olabisi , Boroomand Seti , Kharazyan Faezeh , Martino Davide , Sycuro Laura K. , Appel‐Cresswell Silke , Finlay B. Brett
Published: August 2024

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) has been consistently linked to alterations within the gut microbiome.

Objective

Our goal was to identify microbial features associated with PD incidence and progression.

Methods

Metagenomic sequencing was used to characterize taxonomic and functional changes to the PD microbiome and to explore their relation to bacterial metabolites and disease progression. Motor and non‐motor symptoms were tracked using Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) and levodopa equivalent dose across ≤5 yearly study visits. Stool samples were collected at baseline for metagenomic sequencing (176 PD, 100 controls).

Results

PD‐derived stool samples had reduced intermicrobial connectivity and seven differentially abundant species compared to controls. A suite of bacterial functions differed between PD and controls, including depletion of carbohydrate degradation pathways and enrichment of ribosomal genes. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii‐specific reads contributed significantly to more than half of all differentially abundant functional terms. A subset of disease‐associated functional terms correlated with faster progression of MDS‐UPDRS part IV and separated those with slow and fast progression with moderate accuracy within a random forest model (area under curve = 0.70). Most PD‐associated microbial trends were stronger in those with symmetric motor symptoms.

Conclusion

We provide further evidence that the PD microbiome is characterized by reduced intermicrobial communication and a shift to proteolytic metabolism in lieu of short‐chain fatty acid production, and suggest that these microbial alterations may be relevant to disease progression. We also describe how our results support the existence of gut‐first versus brain‐first PD subtypes. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Contraction and expansion of a cylindrical cavity in an elastoplastic medium: A dislocation‐based approach
Authors: Gao Yue , Detournay Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

The contraction or expansion of a cylindrical cavity in an elastoplastic medium is usually analyzed from a continuum based approach with a plasticity constitutive model. However, localized deformations, which are rooted in the post‐failure softening response of geomaterials, are observed in the form of spiral‐shaped fractures in laboratory tests. An alternative approach based on dislocation theory is introduced in this paper for modeling cavity contraction or expansion. In this model, several equally spaced spiral‐shaped shear fractures initiate and propagate away from the cavity within the linearly elastic medium. The Mohr‐Coulomb criterion and a dilatancy rule are imposed on the shear fractures to constrain the stresses and the displacement jumps. The direction of fracture propagation is determined by minimizing plastic dissipation. The displacement discontinuity method is used to discretize the shear and normal displacement jumps along the fracture and solve the problem numerically. The calculated crack path follows a logarithmic‐like spiral, similar to the slip lines predicted by plasticity theory. The relationship between the pressure and radial displacement at the cavity boundary converge towards the classical elastoplastic solution as the number of fracture branches increases.
Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus as a metachronous head and neck cancer
Authors: Shima Kaori , Shimojukkoku Yudai , Hijioka Hiroshi , Ishihata Kiyohide , Sasahira Tomonori
Published: August 2024

Background

Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (SpSCC) is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) showing an unfavorable prognosis. Histologically, SpSCC shows biphasic proliferation of spindle cells and nests of SCC.

Case presentation

An 85‐year‐old Japanese man with a medical history of oral SCC three years ago had SpSCC of the right maxillary sinus. The tumor showed aggressive proliferation of spindle cells with nests of conventional SCC. Subsequent lymph node metastases revealed findings of conventional SCC.

Conclusion

This case report contributes to the accumulation of a rare subtype of SCC and multiple cancers of the head and neck region.
Augmented Reality‐Guided Frozen Section Analysis: Bringing the Pathologist From the Laboratory to the Operating Room
Authors: Aweeda Marina , Huang Liyu , Perez Alexander N. , Ely Kim A. , Mehrad Mitra , Lewis James S. , Topf Michael C.
Published: August 2024

Due to the anatomic complexity of the head and neck and variable proximity between laboratory and operating room (OR), effective communication during frozen section analysis (FSA) between surgeons and pathologists is challenging. This proof‐of‐concept study investigates an augmented reality (AR) protocol that allows pathologists to virtually join the OR from the laboratory. Head and neck cancer specimens were scanned ex vivo using a 3‐dimensional scanner and uploaded into an AR platform. Eight head and neck specimens were discussed by surgeons and pathologists in an AR environment. AR‐guided intraoperative consultation was used for specimen orientation and discussion of FSA margin sampling sites. One patient had positive initial margins on FSA and was re‐resected to negative final margins. AR‐guided FSA is possible and allows pathologists to join the operating from any location for intraoperative discussion.
Design of novel electrochemical sensor functionalized with green nanoparticles for tetracycline monitoring
Authors: Elamin Manahil Babiker
Published: August 2024

Increasing the release of antibiotics in particular tetracycline in the environment is become one of the most concerns that threat human and animals' health. Regarding their low cost, sensitivity, portability, electrochemical sensors have received attention for tetracycline monitoring. With a nanostructure, diverse active functional sites, and good conductivity, green nanoparticles are considered now as an attractive material for sensors design. The objective of the present paper is then the design of electrochemical sensor functionalized with green nanoparticles based on gum Arabic for tetracycline detection. The green nanoparticles are synthesized by direct reduction of silver nanoparticle with gum Arabic polymer. The intrinsic properties of the obtained nanoparticles are examined using different techniques namely UV–Vis absorption (UV), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric TGA. To follow up, the sensor modification as well as tetracycline detection, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry are carried out. Correlation between the different results have demonstrated good dispersion and homogeneity of green nanoparticles, with good applicability in electrochemical measurements. In fact, the sensor has demonstrated wide concentrations range from 0.1 to 1250 nM with a limit of detection in the order of 0.056 nM, lower than those reported in the literature. The selectivity test, investigated against a various interfering with similar structure to tetracycline, have proven a good discrimination between all molecules. In addition, the sensor was successfully applied to real samples, and the found recovery rates are ranging from 90.4% to 106.9%. The obtained results confirm that green nanoparticles based on gum Arabic could commercially be viable for next generation of electrochemical sensor for tetracycline detection, and also could be applied for the detection of the variety of pharmaceutical pollutants in the environment.
Carbon tube‐gypsum reinforced polypropylene: Impact resistance, thermal stability
Authors: Li Jiaqian , Wang Hongquan , Shen Xiaojun , Mei Wantian , Chen Gang , Zhou Feng
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the effect of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reclaimed gypsum of varying contents on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) composite materials. The results indicated that the incorporation of reclaimed gypsum and MWCNTs powder into PP composites could enhance the tensile strength, impact strength, and bending modulus of PP to a certain extent. The above properties of AGY/MWCNTs/PP composites were increased by 14.6%, 131.8%, and 36.2%, respectively, with the impact properties being significantly affected. Univariate analysis of variance revealed that MWCNTs powder and recycled gypsum exerted a significant impact on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites. Moreover, the initial weight loss temperature of AGY/MWCNTs/PP demonstrated a notable increase, from 318.71 to 398.48°C, while the maximum weight loss temperature exhibited a comparable rise, from 406.85 to 461.54°C.

Highlights

The impact performance and thermal stability of polypropylene composite materials have been demonstrably augmented.

A synergistic effect between reclaimed gypsum and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in the reinforcement of polypropylene composites was demonstrated.

This provides a theoretical framework and practical guidance for the design and preparation of high‐performance and recyclable polymer composites.
A review of proton pump inhibitor use in cystic fibrosis and considerations for deprescribing
Authors: Omecene Nicole E. , Wilcox Nicole , Cox Alexandra L. , Ham Pearl , Ong Ryan , Barber Andrew T. , Zimmerman Kristin M.
Published: August 2024

Use of proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) is common among people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) both for the management of suspected GERD, as well as pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy augmentation. Despite their use, limited data exist to demonstrate a clinically significant impact of PPIs on key endpoints in pwCF. Furthermore, the advent of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy may modify the need for use. These notions, coupled with the potential for adverse outcomes associated with long‐term PPI use in pwCF, should facilitate re‐evaluation of long‐term PPI use in pwCF and promote potential deprescribing. Despite limited data on PPI deprescribing in pwCF, it intuitively mirrors the existing guidance in adults in the general population, but with added consideration given to tapering strategy, and monitoring for CF‐specific outcomes such as nutritional and respiratory status. The development of a monitoring and re‐initiation plan is key to reducing deprescribing inertia. This review aims to summarize the evidence that details the concern for long‐term use of PPIs and provide CF clinicians with rationale and guidance on how to approach deprescribing in their practice.
Vasodilators for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Luo Keren , Tang Jun , Chen Hongju , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Haoran
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To compare the efficacy and safety of different vasodilators in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) by a Bayesian network meta‐analysis.

Methods

We searched databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) from January, 1990 up to December, 2023. Randomized controlled trials on the use of vasodilators in the treatment of PPHN. We extracted details of population, intervention, and outcome indicators. R and STATA software were used for data analysis. Sixteen articles were included, encompassing 776 neonates with PPHN. Among them, 12 articles were included in the quantitative analysis. The vasodilators included Sildenafil, Bosentan, Milrinone, Magnesium, Adenosine, and Tadalafil.

Results

The Bayesian network meta‐analysis results suggested that compared to placebo, Milrinone [OR = 0.125, 95% CI (0.0261, 0.562)], Sildenafil [OR = 0.144, 95% CI (0.0428, 0.420)], and Sildenafil_Milrinone [OR = 0.0575, 95% CI (0.00736, 0.364)] reduced the mortality, but the difference among the three was not significant. There was also no significant difference in the incidence of hypotension, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation among the vasodilators. Compared to Bosentan, Adenosine was more effective in reducing the oxygenation index [MD = −12.78, 95% CI (−25.56, −0.03)], and Magnesium was less effective in reducing the oxygenation index than Sildenafil [MD = 5.19, 95% CI (1.23, 9.2)].

Conclusions

Milrinone, Sildenafil, and Sildenafil_Milrinone reduced the mortality of neonates with PPHN. More clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of vasodilators in the treatment of PPHN.
Bioactive peptides inhibit feeding activity in the grey garden slug, Deroceras reticulatum
Authors: Choi Man‐yeon , Price Briana , Hafeez Muhammad , Martin Ruth , Richart Casey , Donnell Rory Mc
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The grey garden slug (Deroceras reticulatum) is considered the most damaging slug pest in global agriculture. Control methods primarily rely on chemical pesticides, which pose environmental risks and potential hazards to human health. There is a need for sustainable management alternatives such as biologically‐based slug control options. However, the efficacy of nonchemical measures for controlling pest slug populations remains limited, particularly in the context of variable outdoor conditions. Neuropeptides and their corresponding receptors have been proposed as promising biological targets for the development of new pest management strategies.

RESULTS

A total of 23 bioactive peptides belonging to the PRX family, previously identified from the grey garden slug, D. reticulatum, were injected into or fed to this species. The detrimental effects of these peptides, including a reduction in body weight and an inhibition of feeding activity, were evaluated in feeding choice tests with D. reticulatum. Furthermore, the bioactive peptide formulated with a lipid particle demonstrated a feeding deterrent effect. One of the myomodulin (MM) peptides, APPLPRY, demonstrated a significant reduction in feeding activity, resulting in a reduction in slug weight or mortality in just 30 min.

CONCLUSION

The results represent the first evidence of a bioactive peptide having detrimental effects on D. reticulatum including causing feeding deterrent for this slug pest. The in vivo results provide insights into the potential development of active ingredients for managing slugs in the field. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Piezoelectric Electromagnetic Composite Energy Harvester for Collecting Pedestrian Walking Energy
Authors: Feng Linqiang , Wang Chensheng , Yang Jingwei , Li Zhenheng , Li Jing , He Lipeng
Published: August 2024

A piezoelectric‐electromagnetic composite energy harvester (PECEH) has been designed, to mainly study the relationship between the length and angle of piezoelectric cantilever beams and their power generation performance, and the analysis of dynamic models in magnetic levitation systems and the impact of magnet size on power generation performance. In this device, piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) and electromagnetic harvester (EMH) are used as powered and sensing, respectively. The PEH collects vibration to generate electricity and supplies energy to the EMH, which then transmits the wireless signal. EMH adopts a magnetic levitation device with higher sensitivity, while PEH uses a direct contact strike piezoelectric plate to increase power generation. The paddles are made of flexible materials, which increase the durability of the device. The prototype was tested at different excitation frequencies. Research has shown that at a frequency of 1.4 Hz, the optimal voltage and power are 126.28, 4.04 V, and 4.9 mW and 0.57 μW. 60 light emitting diode can be lit when pedestrians are walking. Therefore, PECEH can be used to collect the vibration energy of pedestrians while walking, providing power to sensors and microstructure.
Surface Passivation of the Cu2–xSe Electrode During the Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Zanatta Bruno Souza , Silva Silésia de Fátima Curcino da , Zaramella Pedro Henrique Dondori , Bottecchia Otávio Luiz , Guerra José de los Santos , Piovesan Erick , Marletta Alexandre
Published: August 2024

Herein, p‐type flexible and transparent electrodes of Cu2–xSe are produced at different conversion times at 20, 25, and 30 s of polyester/Cu thin films via chemical bath deposition. To study the charge transport properties across the Cu2–xSe layer, the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are produced according to the following configuration: polyester/Cu2–xSe/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene]/aluminum (polyester/Cu2–xSe/PEDOT:PSS/MEH‐PPV/Al), resulting in a direct tunneling in the transport of holes. The control of the barrier's energy between the Cu2–xSe electrode and the MEH‐PPV polymer allows it to tune selectively of the OLED’ charge transport mechanism. The morphological analysis of the Cu2–xSe electrode, carried out using atomic force microscopy, as well as the temperature dependence of the current–voltage measurements in the OLED (50–300 K) shows the ideal deposition time in the chemical bath. In contrast, impedance spectroscopy results confirm the inexistence of the Cu2–xSe/PEDOT:PSS interface using 30 s to Cu2–xSe synthesis. As a result, the control of the injection mechanism of charges can be obtained by reducing the barrier energy to hole transport during the synthesis process of the Cu2–xSe layer via chemical bath deposition, thus simplifying and reducing the costs of the device's processing.
Emergence of Superconductivity in Indium Triphosphate via Pressure‐Tuned Interlayer Bond Formation
Authors: Ding Hao , Hou Jingyu , Zhai Kun , Gao Xin , Shen Zhiwei , Huang Junquan , Yang Bingchao , Ke Feng , Mu Congpu , Wen Fusheng , Xiang Jianyong , Wang Bochong , Xue Tianyu , Nie Anmin , Liu Xiaobing , Wang Lin , Zhou Xiang‐Feng , Liu Zhongyuan
Published: August 2024

Tuning interlayer interactions offer an alternative approach to access novel electronic structure and intriguing physical properties in layered materials. Here, the emergence of a new form of superconductivity in two‐dimensional (2D) binary phosphides by strengthening the interlayer coupling with lattice compression is reported. Electrical transport measurements show strong evidence of superconductivity in InP3 with the highest critical temperature (Tc) of 9.5 K at 45.1 GPa. Raman and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that the interlayer interactions are dramatically modulated under compression, along with the deformation of local In–P bipyramid structure and reduction of the interlayer distances, which eventually results in the formation of In–P bonds between neighboring In–P bipyramids and a Rm to Cmcm structural transition. First‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that pressure enhances the interlayer interactions, which increases the density of states (DOS) near the Fermi surface (N(EF)) and strengthens the electron–phonon coupling. Consequently, this favors the occurrence of superconductivity in compressed InP3. This study not only introduces a new superconductivity phase with enhanced electron–phonon coupling in binary phosphides, but also provides a platform for exploring the pressure effect on interlayer interactions in material systems with corrugated layered structure.
Combined improved tuna swarm optimization with graph convolutional neural network for remaining useful life of engine
Authors: Yuan Yongliang , Yang Qingkang , Wang Guohu , Ren Jianji , Wang Zhenxi , Qiu Feng , Li Kunpeng , Liu Haiqing
Published: August 2024

Accurate prediction of the engine's remaining useful life (RUL) is essential to ensure the safe operation of the aircraft because. However, traditional deep‐learning based methods for RUL prediction has been limited by interpretability and adjustment for hyperparameters in practical applications due to the intricate potential relations during the degradation process. To address these dilemmas, an improved multi‐strategy tuna swarm optimization‐assisted graph convolutional neural network (IMTSO‐GCN) is developed to achieve RUL prediction in this work. Specifically, mutual information is used to describe potential relationships among measured parameters so that they could be utilized in building edges for these parameters. Besides, considering that not all relational nodes will positively affect the RUL prediction and the inherent hyperparameters of the GCN are high‐dimensional. Inspired by “No Free Lunch (NFL)”, IMTSO is proposed to reduce the optimization cost of hyperparameters, in which cycle chaotic mapping is employed to achieve initialization of the population for improving the uniformity of the initial population distribution. Besides, a novel adaptive approach is proposed to enhance the exploration and exploitation of tuna swarm optimization (TSO). The CMAPSS dataset was used to validate the effectiveness and advancedness of IMTSO‐GCN, and the experimental results show that the R2 of the IMTSO‐GCN is greater than 0.99, RMSE is less than 3, the Score error is within 1.
Computationally Effective Approach for Studies of Mechanism and Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes on Metal Oxides
Authors: Ragoyja Ekaterina G. , Matulis Vitaly E. , Ivashkevich Oleg A. , Lyakhov Dmitry A. , Michels Dominik
Published: August 2024

To understand the nature of heterogeneous catalytic processes and improve their efficiency, it is necessary to conduct both experimental and theoretical studies. At the same time, there is no unified approach to obtaining the necessary data using quantum chemistry methods. In this work, problems of the existing calculational approaches are analyzed. The obtained information is used to develop the original three‐layer embedded cluster model approach, which is shown to be the most effective. The general algorithm for obtaining such models for various oxides is formulated. The sufficient accuracy of the proposed models in predicting geometric and energy characteristics, vibrational frequencies, activation barriers, and thermodynamic characteristics is verified. The specifics of calculating the thermodynamic characteristics of heterogeneous processes using the proposed cluster models is studied in detail. The developed approach is an effective tool for studying the mechanism of heterogeneous catalytic processes both by itself and in combination with experiment.
Artificial intelligence and sustainable development during urbanization: Perspectives on AI R&D innovation, AI infrastructure, and AI market advantage
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Fuyu , Li Rongrong
Published: August 2024

This study explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on sustainable development across 51 countries during urbanization. Using panel data, the study examines AI's effects on sustainable development through three dimensions: R&D innovation, infrastructure, and market advantage. The results demonstrate that AI promotes sustainable development, with AI R&D innovation exerting the strongest influence, followed by AI infrastructure, whereas AI market advantage has the smallest impact. Additionally, the study uncovers regional heterogeneity in AI's impacts. In countries with upper middle sustainable development levels (60%–70% quantiles), AI's promoting effect is the strongest. Moreover, urbanization plays a threshold role in the relationship between AI and sustainable development. When urbanization is below the threshold, AI infrastructure and R&D innovation promote sustainable development, whereas AI market advantage inhibit it. Conversely, when urbanization exceeds this threshold, AI infrastructure inhibits sustainable development, the impact of AI R&D innovation becomes insignificant, and AI market advantage begin to promote sustainable development. This study recommends governments should consider the level of urbanization and sustainable development when crafting sustainable development policies utilizing AI.
The role of green finance to achieve sustainability through green supply chain management and innovative technologies
Authors: Kholaif Moustafa Mohamed Nazief Haggag Kotb , Tang Xinmeng
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of green finance (GF) on sustainable development and green supply chains, particularly in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. It explores how GF influences firms' economic, environmental, and social sustainability, with a focus on the moderating effects of modern technologies like big data analytics (BDA) and blockchain. The research is based on data collected from 562 managers in Egypt's industrial and manufacturing sectors through a survey conducted between November 18th, 2023, and January 12th, 2024. The survey, which used a five‐point Likert scale, was distributed via both traditional and electronic methods, and its reliability was ensured through a pilot phase involving seven academics and five SC practitioners. The data was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling, chosen for its effectiveness with non‐normal data distributions. The Bootstrapping method with 5000 iterations was employed to validate the model. The findings reveal that GF significantly enhances green supply chain management (GSCM), particularly when moderated by BDA, though blockchain technology does not have a significant moderating effect. Additionally, GSCM is found to positively influence the environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development, mediating the relationship between GF and these sustainability outcomes. This study provides valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers, emphasizing the critical role of GF and BDA in fostering sustainable development, especially within the Egyptian industrial and manufacturing sectors.
Application Properties of Gemini Quaternary Ammonium Salt with Quadra‐cationic Sites and Sodium Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Carboxylate Mixed Systems
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Yakui , Zhao Yongjie , Wang Zhifei , Ju Hongbin , Zhang Lu , Yue Danwei , Yoong Junhao , Jiang Yajie
Published: August 2024

The application properties such as foam property, electrolyte tolerance, antibacterial activity and antistatic performance of the mixed systems of a novel Gemini quaternary ammonium salt with quadra‐cationic sites (TC‐GS) and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate (AE9CNa) at various molar fraction of TC‐GS (αTC‐GS), were investigated systematically. Results show that TC‐GS/AE9CNa mixed systems with different ratios form a homogeneous and transparent solution, which exhibits excellent foam stability and antibacterial activity. The foam volume of the mixed system remains nearly constant from 400 s to 1000 s, and even when TC‐GS is 10 mg/L in the mixed systems, the antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) for 2 min. are all exceeded 99 %. The mixed systems of TC‐GS/AE9CNa at various αTC‐GS also demonstrate the superior electrolyte tolerance, their maximum tolerance of NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 is severally beyond 270 g/L, 180 g/L and 180 g/L. In addition, both TC‐GS solution and the mixed systems have good antistatic properties, which can reduce the surface resistance of polyester fabric to ≤1010 Ω.
Electrochemical Determination of Carbofuran Residues using WS2 Modified Electrodes
Authors: Haritha V. S. , Sarath Kumar S. R. , Rakhi R. B.
Published: August 2024

To meet the increasing demands for food production, the utilization of cost‐effective pesticides like carbofuran (CB) becomes essential. CB poses a significant risk to human health due to its high toxicity. Therefore, accurate quantification of CB residue is essential for environmental safety and human health. Electrochemical sensors have proven to be an outstanding choice for the accurate detection and quantification of carbofuran residues. CB is electrochemically inactive and was first hydrolyzed in an alkaline medium to yield an anodically active phenolic derivative carbofuran phenol (CP). This report details the development of a voltammetric sensor for the accurate detection of CB residues utilizing the cyclic voltammetry technique and the electrochemical reactions of CP at WS2 nanosheet‐modified electrodes in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The constructed sensor has displayed a linear range of carbofuran detection from 10–90 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.38 μM and sensitivity of 0.303 μA μM−1 cm−2. Additionally, the developed sensor has been employed to monitor CB residues in real soil and water samples and it shows a recovery greater than 95 %. The developed sensor enables the cost‐effective monitoring of carbofuran in real samples.