bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of Biologically Active Silver Nanoparticles through a Phyto‐Mediated Approach Using Areca catechu Leaf Extract
Authors: Shruthi Govindaraju , Prasad Kollur Shiva , Vinod T. P. , Balamurugan Vinayagamurthy , Shivamallu Chandan
Published: November 2017

Increasing demand of highly potent non‐toxic drugs in medicine is opening up opportunities for studying the usage of nanoparticles in the treatment of various disease conditions. Proliferation of research works on silver nanoparticles pertinent to this area is driven by the useful electrochemical properties of silver embedded in various host lattices and their versatility in a broad range of applications in biosciences. In this work, we report a method for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Areca catechu leaf extract. The nanoparticles prepared using this method were characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Spherical morphology and crystalline nature of the nanoparticles were evident from these analyses. Oxygen scavenging activity of the AgNPs and its application in the treatment of various multidrug resistant bacterial diseases caused by E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, P. vulgaris and fungal diseases of A. niger and F. oxysporium were studied in detail. The radical scavenging activity of AgNPs were found to be significantly high in 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazylradical (DPPH), and 2,2’Azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays, which were further validated by high reducing capacity observed in phosphomolybdenum and reducing power assays. Furthermore, the AgNPs exhibited significant bactericidal and fungicidal properties against multidrug resistant strains.
Timing of neuronal plasticity in development and aging
Authors: Ivakhnitskaia Evguenia , Lin Ryan Weihsiang , Hamada Kana , Chang Chieh
Published: November 2017

Molecular oscillators are well known for their roles in temporal control of some biological processes like cell proliferation, but molecular mechanisms that provide temporal control of differentiation and postdifferentiation events in cells are less understood. In the nervous system, establishment of neuronal connectivity during development and decline in neuronal plasticity during aging are regulated with temporal precision, but the timing mechanisms are largely unknown. Caenorhabditis elegans has been a preferred model for aging research and recently emerges as a new model for the study of developmental and postdevelopmental plasticity in neurons. In this review we discuss the emerging mechanisms in timing of developmental lineage progression, axon growth and pathfinding, synapse formation, and reorganization, and neuronal plasticity in development and aging. We also provide a current view on the conserved core axon regeneration molecules with the intention to point out potential regulatory points of temporal controls. We highlight recent progress in understanding timing mechanisms that regulate decline in regenerative capacity, including progressive changes of intrinsic timers and co‐opting the aging pathway molecules. WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e305. doi: 10.1002/wdev.305

This article is categorized under:

Invertebrate Organogenesis > Worms

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing

Nervous System Development > Worms

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory RNA
Surgical Treatment of Gastro‐Pulmonary Fistula Following Bariatric Surgery: Possible and Safe
Authors: Ben Nun Alon , Simansky David , Rokah Merav , Zeitlin Nona , Golan Nir , Abu Khalil Ramez , Soudack Michalle
Published: November 2017

Background

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a common surgical management of morbid obesity. Major complication rate is 3–8%. Staple line leak is one of the most serious complications. In a small group of patients, a gastro‐pulmonary fistula is formed. Endoscopic and minimally invasive measures are the first line of treatment with considerable success rate. There are very poor data in the literature what should be done in cases of failure. In this paper, we report our positive experience with definitive surgical repair.

Methods

Retrospective evaluation of 13 consecutive patients referred to the general thoracic surgery department for gastro‐pulmonary fistula following sleeve gastrectomy.

Results

Prior to their referral, all patients underwent surgical or percutaneous drainage and multiple treatment attempts including stent insertion, pyloric dilatation, endo‐clip/ring closure, endoscopic argon ablation and glue injection. Two patients underwent emergency thoracotomy for sepsis and bile empyema. One died in the early postoperative period. Eleven patients underwent semi‐elective definitive surgery. Surgery included left lower lobectomy, partial diaphragmectomy and digestive system reconstruction. There was no mortality or major complications in this group. Complication rate was 45% mostly local wound infection and pneumonia.

Conclusions

Gastro‐pulmonary fistula is a rare devastating complication of sleeve gastrectomy. When minimally invasive measures fail, there is no place for nihilism. Surgical repair is possible and safe. The data presented herein support this treatment policy.
Classifying binge eating‐disordered adolescents based on severity levels
Authors: Dakanalis Antonios , Zanetti Maria Assunta , Colmegna Fabrizia , Riva Giuseppe , Clerici Massimo
Published: November 2017

The new severity criterion for binge‐eating disorder (BED), introduced by the most recent (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) as a means of addressing within‐group variability in severity, was tested in 223 Italian (13‐18‐year‐old) adolescents (86.1% females) with (DSM‐5) BED presenting for treatment. Analyses revealed that participants classified with mild (35.9% of the sample), moderate (38.1%) severe (13.4%), and extreme (12.6%) severity of BED, based on their clinician‐rated weekly frequency of binge‐eating (BE) episodes, were statistically distinguishable in physical characteristics (body mass index) and a range of clinical variables regarding eating‐related psychopathology and putative maintenance factors, health‐related quality of life, and mood and anxiety disorder comorbidity (medium‐to‐large effect sizes). Between‐group differences in age‐at‐onset of BED or demographics were not detected. The findings provide support for the utility of BE frequency as a severity criterion for BED in adolescence. Implications for future studies are discussed.
Implementation and Validation of a Numerical Model for Lead-Rubber Seismic Isolation Bearings
Authors: Zhou T. , Wu Y. F. , Li A. Q.
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a numerical model for accurately representing the behaviors of lead-rubber bearings during earthquakes. This model, which is implemented in OpenSees as a user-defined element, accounts for the mechanical characteristics of bearings as follows: firstly, the bi-lateral interaction effect of hysteretic behaviors, as well as the variation in horizontal stiffness due to vertical load, is considered; secondly, the reduced vertical stiffness under large lateral displacement is incorporated by the piecewise linear formulation, and the linear reduction method is employed to determine the stability limit of bearings in the deformed configuration; furthermore, the cavitation and permanent damage effects in bearings are mathematically included. To validate the numerical model, simulation analyses are performed for a series of static and dynamic loading tests, and the numerical results show reasonable agreement with experimental ones, which indicates that the proposed model provides an effective tool for the failure mode analyses of bearings and the dynamic analyses of seismic isolated structures.
Co-factor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase ofLeishmania donovanimodulates macrophage signalling and promotes T-cell repertoires bearing epitopes for both MHC-I and MHC-II
Authors: SINGH MANISH K. , JAMAL FAUZIA , DUBEY AMIT K. , SHIVAM PUSHKAR , KUMARI SARITA , PUSHPANJALI  , AHMED GHUFRAN , DIKHIT MANAS R. , NARAYAN S. , DAS V. N. R. , PANDEY KRISHNA , SINHA K. K. , DAS P. , SINGH SHUBHANKAR K.
Published: November 2017

Immunoactivation depends upon the antigen potential to modulate T-cell repertoires. The present study has enumerated the effect of 61 kDa recombinantLeishmania donovanico-factor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (rLd-iPGAM) on mononuclear cells of healthy and treated visceral leishmaniasis subjects as well as on THP-1 cell line. rLd-iPGAM stimulation induced higher expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in the phagocytic cell, its receptor and CD69 on T-cell subsets. These cellular activations resulted in upregulation of host-protective cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-αand interferon-γ, and downregulation of IL-4, IL-10 and tumour growth factor-β. This immune polarization was also evidenced by upregulation of nuclear factor-κlight-chain enhancer of activated B cells p50 and regulated expression of suppressor of mother against decapentaplegic protein-4. rLd-iPGAM stimulation also promoted lymphocyte proliferation and boosted the leishmaniacidal activity of macrophages by upregulating reactive oxygen species. It also induced 1·8-fold higher release of nitric oxide (NO) by promoting the transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. Besides,in silicoanalysis suggested the presence of major histocompatibility complex class I and II restricted epitopes, which can proficiently trigger CD8+and CD4+cells, respectively. This study reports rLd-iPGAM as an effective immunoprophylactic agent, which can be used in future vaccine design.
Beef in Roman Italy
Authors: Ikeguchi Mamoru
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the production and consumption of meat from domesticated animals in Roman Italy using zooarchaeological and textual evidence. The focus is on the proportions of meat from the three main domesticates (cattle, pig, sheep/goat) and their chronological changes.

The most important livestock meat eaten by Romans is traditionally considered to have been pork. Certainly there is much more literary evidence for pork than for beef or mutton/goat meat. Such apparent Roman preference for pork is typically seen in Apicius' De re coquinaria, where the preference for pork (11 references) over mutton (2), goat meat (1) and beef (2) is obvious; likewise, the number of references to meat from young animals is much larger for suckling pig meat (22 references) than for lamb (10), kid meat (7) or veal (4). K. D. White considered that “meat was not a prime article of diet … and beef was less important within this restricted range than pork …”. J. M. Frayn believed sheep were reared primarily for wool, not for meat or cheese, and that lamb was eaten only exceptionally. Beef and mutton/goat meat are thus considered to have been of much less importance than pork in the Roman diet.
Re-using the gods: a 6th-c. statuary display at Sagalassos and a re-evaluation of pagan mythological statuary in Early Byzantine civic space
Authors: Jacobs Ine , Stirling Lea
Published: November 2017

In 2009, a set of under-lifesized statues was discovered on top of the pavement of the main N–S colonnaded street of Sagalassos. Their particular find contexts suggest that they had been on display along the street on top of statue brackets in its final phase. These statuettes not only survived in the cityscape into the 7th c. A.D., they were part of a large-scale renovation of the lower town datable to the second quarter of the 6th c. This exceptionally late example of displayed pagan mythological statuary provides information on what pieces of statuary were still available and considered suitable for re-use in the Early Byzantine period. In addition, the collection's composition can inform us about the preferred appearance of a bustling urban thoroughfare and something of the values and beliefs of the population at that period, since “whereas the common folk […] did not read Homer and Pindar, everyone — the butcher, the candlemaker, and the lower-class saint — could and did look at these statues”.
Roman peasant habitats and settlement in central Spain (1st c. B.C.–4th c. A.D.)
Authors: Bermejo Jesús
Published: November 2017

The area under study comprises the Autonomous Community of Madrid, a highly urbanized modern region which coincides grosso modo with the N part of what used to be Carpetania. During the Early and Later Empire, it fell within the province of Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis, embracing the N part of the conventus Carthaginensis and the SW part of the conventus Caesaraugustanus. From the early days of municipalisation of the Hispanic provinces rural sites in this region belonged to the ager of three Latin municipia: Complutum, Titulcia, and Mantua Carpetanorum (fig. 1). While it is difficult to identify the precise limits of their agri, it seems probable that Complutum, as the most important urban centre in the region, would have had the largest territorium.
Wealth and population growth under dynamic average utilitarianism
Authors: Yamaguchi Rintaro
Published: November 2017

In wealth accounting and sustainability assessments, we characterize the non-declining wealth criterion under dynamic average utilitarianism (DAU) as defined by Dasgupta (2001). Under DAU, the objective function consists of total intergenerational well-being divided by the present discounted sum of population from the present to the future. It is shown that, in order for an economy to be on a sustainable path, inclusive wealth should grow at a rate higher than the difference between the discount rate and the share of current population of the discounted future population. Our application to the inclusive wealth index shows that, among other results, the DAU criterion changes sustainability assessments for some developing countries with future demographic change, implying that wealth does not accumulate sufficiently in light of DAU. We also show empirical estimates of the value of population change under total utilitarianism, average utilitarianism, and DAU.
Das Urethralsyndrom: Infekt, chronischer Schmerz, Funktionsstörung und/oder psychosomatische Erkrankung?
Authors: Doggweiler Regula , Reitz André
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung. Das Urethralsyndrom bei Frauen mit Schmerzen in der Harnröhre und Blasenentleerungsstörungen ist eine Ausschlussdiagnose. Zu den möglichen Ursachen zählen unter anderem Infektionen, Entzündungen der paraurethralen Drüsen, Verspannungen der Sphinkteren und/oder der Beckenbodenmuskulatur, Östrogenmangelerscheinungen, Traumata, Neuropathien, Allergien und psychosomatische Störungen. Patientinnen mit Urethralsyndrom müssen ganzheitlich betrachtet, abgeklärt und behandelt werden. Während der Abklärung und Behandlung benötigen diese Patientinnen viel Zeit und Aufmerksamkeit. Heute gilt als sicher, dass bei vielen somatischen Leiden psychosoziale Faktoren mitspielen, die den Verlauf der Erkrankung entscheidend beeinflussen können und im Behandlungsprozess berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Die distale Radiusfraktur
Authors: Inglin Fabienne , Spycher Jonathan
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung. Mit einfachen Mitteln kann bereits in der Hausarztpraxis entschieden werden, welche Behandlung einer distalen Radiusfraktur angestrebt werden soll. Man soll vor allem keinen Respekt davor haben, sie konservativ zu behandeln. Unsere Empfehlung ist, dass gerade bei Patienten älter als 65 Jahre, die eine nicht bzw. wenig dislozierte oder eine stabil reponierte Fraktur haben, eine Operation oft überflüssig ist. Eine Fraktur, sofern ohne die oben genannte Instabilitätskriterien, soll und darf konservativ in der Hausarztpraxis behandelt werden. Aufgrund meist geringerer funktioneller Ansprüche bei älteren Patienten darf man bei der Beurteilung der Fraktur oft grosszügiger sein in Hinblick auf die anatomischen Verhältnisse sein. Eine solche Fraktur oder Reposition muss nicht in perfekter Stellung ruhiggestellt werden beziehungsweise heilen.
Space Weather Threat to Australian Power Networks Assessed
Authors: Zastrow Mark
Published: November 2017

Power companies should be cautious during severe solar storms to maintain the integrity of Australia’s power grid, a new study finds.
U.S. Weather Alert Systems Must Modernize, Say New Reports
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: November 2017

To reduce risks, including loss of life, national weather alert systems must incorporate social and behavioral sciences and new technology, according to two federally sponsored reports.
Structural basis for the unique ganglioside and cell membrane recognition mechanism of botulinum neurotoxin DC
Authors: Zhang Sicai , Berntsson Ronnie P.-A. , Tepp William H. , Tao Liang , Johnson Eric A. , Stenmark Pål , Dong Min
Published: November 2017

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the most potent toxins known, are potential bioterrorism agents. It is well established that all seven serotypes of BoNTs (BoNT/A–G) require complex gangliosides as co-receptors. Here, we report that BoNT/DC, a presumed mosaic toxin between BoNT/D and BoNT/C1, binds and enters efficiently into neurons lacking complex gangliosides and shows no reduction in toxicity in mice deficient in complex gangliosides. The co-crystal structure of BoNT/DC with sialyl-Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (Sialyl-T) suggests that BoNT/DC recognizes only the sialic acid, but not other moieties in gangliosides. Using liposome flotation assays, we demonstrate that an extended loop in BoNT/DC directly interacts with lipid membranes, and the co-occurring sialic acid binding and loop–membrane interactions mediate the recognition of gangliosides in membranes by BoNT/DC. These findings reveal a unique mechanism for cell membrane recognition and demonstrate that BoNT/DC can use a broad range of sialic acid-containing moieties as co-receptors.
Increased rise time of electron temperature during adiabatic plasmon focusing
Authors: Lozan Olga , Sundararaman Ravishankar , Ea-Kim Buntha , Rampnoux Jean-Michel , Narang Prineha , Dilhaire Stefan , Lalanne Philippe
Published: November 2017

Decay of plasmons to hot carriers has recently attracted considerable interest for fundamental studies and applications in quantum plasmonics. Although plasmon-assisted hot carriers in metals have already enabled remarkable physical and chemical phenomena, much remains to be understood to engineer devices. Here, we present an analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of hot electrons in an emblematic plasmonic device, the adiabatic nanofocusing surface-plasmon taper. With femtosecond-resolution measurements, we confirm the extraordinary capability of plasmonic tapers to generate hot carriers by slowing down plasmons at the taper apex. The measurements also evidence a substantial increase of the “lifetime” of the electron gas temperature at the apex. This interesting effect is interpreted as resulting from an intricate heat flow at the apex. The ability to harness the “lifetime” of hot-carrier gases with nanoscale circuits may provide a multitude of applications, such as hot-spot management, nonequilibrium hot-carrier generation, sensing, and photovoltaics.
Carbonate-rich dendrolitic cones: insights into a modern analog for incipient microbialite formation, Little Hot Creek, Long Valley Caldera, California
Authors: Bradley James A. , Daille Leslie K. , Trivedi Christopher B. , Bojanowski Caitlin L. , Stamps Blake W. , Stevenson Bradley S. , Nunn Heather S. , Johnson Hope A. , Loyd Sean J. , Berelson William M. , Corsetti Frank A. , Spear John R.
Published: November 2017

Ancient putative microbial structures that appear in the rock record commonly serve as evidence of early life on Earth, but the details of their formation remain unclear. The study of modern microbial mat structures can help inform the properties of their ancient counterparts, but modern mineralizing mat systems with morphological similarity to ancient structures are rare. Here, we characterize partially lithified microbial mats containing cm-scale dendrolitic coniform structures from a geothermal pool (“Cone Pool”) at Little Hot Creek, California, that if fully lithified, would resemble ancient dendrolitic structures known from the rock record. Light and electron microscopy revealed that the cm-scale ‘dendrolitic cones’ were comprised of intertwined microbial filaments and grains of calcium carbonate. The degree of mineralization (carbonate content) increased with depth in the dendrolitic cones. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries revealed that the dendrolitic cone tips were enriched in OTUs most closely related to the genera Phormidium, Leptolyngbya, and Leptospira, whereas mats at the base and adjacent to the dendrolitic cones were enriched in Synechococcus. We hypothesize that the consumption of nutrients during autotrophic and heterotrophic growth may promote movement of microbes along diffusive nutrient gradients, and thus microbialite growth. Hour-glass shaped filamentous structures present in the dendrolitic cones may have formed around photosynthetically-produced oxygen bubbles—suggesting that mineralization occurs rapidly and on timescales of the lifetime of a bubble. The dendrolitic-conical structures in Cone Pool constitute a modern analog of incipient microbialite formation by filamentous microbiota that are morphologically distinct from any structure described previously. Thus, we provide a new model system to address how microbial mats may be preserved over geological timescales.
Author Correction: Radiative recombination of confined electrons at the MgZnO/ZnO heterojunction interface
Authors: Choi Sumin , Rogers David J. , Sandana Eric V. , Bove Philippe , Teherani Ferechteh H. , Nenstiel Christian , Hoffmann Axel , McClintock Ryan , Razeghi Manijeh , Look David , Gentle Angus , Phillips Matthew R. , Ton-That Cuong
Published: November 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Behavioral responses of honey bees (Apis mellifera) to natural and synthetic xenobiotics in food
Authors: Liao Ling-Hsiu , Wu Wen-Yen , Berenbaum May R.
Published: November 2017

While the natural foods of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) contain diverse phytochemicals, in contemporary agroecosystems honey bees also encounter pesticides as floral tissue contaminants. Whereas some ubiquitous phytochemicals in bee foods up-regulate detoxification and immunity genes, thereby benefiting nestmates, many agrochemical pesticides adversely affect bee health even at sublethal levels. How honey bees assess xenobiotic risk to nestmates as they forage is poorly understood. Accordingly, we tested nine phytochemicals ubiquitous in nectar, pollen, or propolis, as well as five synthetic xenobiotics that frequently contaminate hives—two herbicides (atrazine and glyphosate) and three fungicides (boscalid, chlorothalonil, and prochloraz). In semi-field free-flight experiments, bees were offered a choice between paired sugar water feeders amended with either a xenobiotic or solvent only (control). Among the phytochemicals, foragers consistently preferred quercetin at all five concentrations tested, as evidenced by both visitation frequency and consumption rates. This preference may reflect the long evolutionary association between honey bees and floral tissues. Of pesticides eliciting a response, bees displayed a preference at specific concentrations for glyphosate and chlorothalonil. This paradoxical preference may account for the frequency with which these pesticides occur as hive contaminants and suggests that they present a greater risk factor for honey bee health than previously suspected.
The roles of plasticity versus dominance in maintaining polymorphism in mating strategies
Authors: Moulherat Sylvain , Chaine Alexis , Mangin Alain , Aubret Fabien , Sinervo Barry , Clobert Jean
Published: November 2017

Although natural selection is expected to reduce variability, polymorphism is common in nature even under strong selective regimes. Discrete polymorphisms in mating strategies are widespread and offer a good opportunity to understand the genetic processes that allow the maintenance of polymorphism in relatively simple systems. Here we explored the genetic mechanism underlying the expression of discrete mating strategies in the rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game. Heterozygotes carry the genetic information for two different strategies, yet little attention has been devoted to the mechanisms underpinning heterozygote phenotype and its consequences for allele frequency dynamics. We explored the maintenance of polymorphism under 1) genetic dominance or 2) plasticity, as mechanisms driving the expression of alternative strategies in males. We developed an alternative mating strategy model and analysed allele frequency dynamics using time series analyses. Our results show that both genetic mechanisms can maintain polymorphism depending on population demographic characteristics but that plasticity can enhance the likelihood that polymorphism is maintained relative to dominance. Time series analysis on simulation outcomes show that the RPS game is mostly driven by a single strategy, but the importance of this strategy on long term dynamics is stronger when gene expression shows dominance rather than plasticity.
Helicobacter pylori targets mitochondrial import and components of mitochondrial DNA replication machinery through an alternative VacA-dependent and a VacA-independent mechanisms
Authors: Chatre Laurent , Fernandes Julien , Michel Valérie , Fiette Laurence , Avé Patrick , Arena Giuseppe , Jain Utkarsh , Haas Rainer , Wang Timothy C. , Ricchetti Miria , Touati Eliette
Published: November 2017

Targeting mitochondria is a powerful strategy for pathogens to subvert cell physiology and establish infection. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial pathogen associated with gastric cancer development that is known to target mitochondria directly and exclusively through its pro-apoptotic and vacuolating cytotoxin VacA. By in vitro infection of gastric epithelial cells with wild-type and VacA-deficient H. pylori strains, treatment of cells with purified VacA proteins and infection of a mouse model, we show that H. pylori deregulates mitochondria by two novel mechanisms, both rather associated with host cell survival. First, early upon infection VacA induces transient increase of mitochondrial translocases and a dramatic accumulation of the mitochondrial DNA replication and maintenance factors POLG and TFAM. These events occur when VacA is not detected intracellularly, therefore do not require the direct interaction of the cytotoxin with the organelle, and are independent of the toxin vacuolating activity. In vivo, these alterations coincide with the evolution of gastric lesions towards severity. Second, H. pylori also induces VacA-independent alteration of mitochondrial replication and import components, suggesting the involvement of additional H. pylori activities in mitochondria-mediated effects. These data unveil two novel mitochondrial effectors in H. pylori-host interaction with links on gastric pathogenesis.
Transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae
Authors: Zhang Yong , Fan Jia , Sun Jingrui , Francis Frédéric , Chen Julian
Published: November 2017

Aphid saliva plays important roles in aphid-host interactions, such as assisting aphid digestion, detoxification, activating or suppressing plant defenses. The grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, is one of the most devastating pests of cereals worldwide. In this study, we performed the transcriptome analysis of salivary glands of S. avenae. A total of 33,079 assembled unigenes were identified in the salivary glands of aphids. Of the all obtained unigenes, 15,833(47.86%) and 10,829(32.73%) unigenes showed high similarity to known proteins in Nr and Swiss-Prot databases respectively. 526 unigenes were predicted to encode secretory proteins, including some digestive and detoxifying enzymes and potential effectors. The RT-PCR and RT-qPCR results showed that all of the 15 most highly expressed putative secretory proteins specifically expressed in salivary glands. Interestingly, 11 of the 15 most highly expressed putative secretory proteins were still not matched to function-known proteins. We also detected the expression of 9 interested putative secretory proteins in aphid different tissues, including some digestive and detoxifying enzymes, effectors and Ca2+ binding proteins. The results showed that only glutathione-S-transferase 1 was specifically expressed in salivary glands. These findings provide a further insight into the identification of potential effectors involving in aphid-cereals interactions.
Extensive gene flow of white-backed planthopper in the Greater Mekong Subregion as revealed by microsatellite markers
Authors: Yin Yanqiong , Li Xiangyong , Chu Dong , Zhao Xueqing , Sathya Khay , Douangboupha Bounneuang , Kyaw Mu Mu , Kongchuensin Manita , Somrith Apirusht , Ngo Vinh Vien , Nguyen Huy Chung , Shen Shicai , Liu Shufang , Chen Aidong
Published: November 2017

The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is a destructive pest of rice in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries including Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and China’s Yunnan Province. Our previous study not only confirmed the immigration sources of the WBPH in China’s Yunnan Province were from Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos, but also indicated that Cambodia was likely an additional migration source. To further clarify the migration sources and patterns of the WBPH in the GMS, we investigated the genetic structure of 42 WBPH populations using microsatellite loci markers. The analysis of genetic diversity, heterozygosity deficit, and heterozygosity excess based on the nuclear markers suggest that there is extensive gene flow between the 42 sampled populations from the GMS. The genetic structure confirmed the immigration sources of WBPH as revealed by mitochondrial markers and trajectory analyses methods in previous studies. These findings will aid in the sustainable regional management of this insect pest in the GMS.
Coulomb-like elastic interaction induced by symmetry breaking in nematic liquid crystal colloids
Authors: Lee Beom-Kyu , Kim Sung-Jo , Kim Jong-Hyun , Lev Bohdan
Published: November 2017

It is generally thought that colloidal particles in a nematic liquid crystal do not generate the first multipole term called deformation elastic charge as it violates the mechanical equilibrium. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that this is not the case, and deformation elastic charges, as well as dipoles and quadrupoles, can be induced through anisotropic boundary conditions. We report the first direct observation of Coulomb-like elastic interactions between colloidal particles in a nematic liquid crystal. The behaviour of two spherical colloidal particles with asymmetric anchoring conditions induced by asymmetric alignment is investigated experimentally; the interaction of two particles located at the boundary of twist and parallel aligned regions is observed. We demonstrate that such particles produce deformation elastic charges and interact by Coulomb-like interactions.
Silencing of OsGRXS17 in rice improves drought stress tolerance by modulating ROS accumulation and stomatal closure
Authors: Hu Ying , Wu Qingyu , Peng Zhao , Sprague Stuart A. , Wang Wei , Park Jungeun , Akhunov Eduard , Jagadish Krishna S. V. , Nakata Paul A. , Cheng Ninghui , Hirschi Kendal D. , White Frank F. , Park Sunghun
Published: November 2017

Glutaredoxins (GRXs) modulate redox-dependent signaling pathways and have emerged as key mediators in plant responses to environmental stimuli. Here we report that RNAi-mediated suppression of Oryza sativa GRXS17 (OsGRXS17) improved drought tolerance in rice. Gene expression studies showed that OsGRXS17 was present throughout the plant and that transcript abundance increased in response to drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Localization studies, utilizing GFP-OsGRXS17 fusion proteins, indicated that OsGRXS17 resides in both the cytoplasm and the nuclear envelope. Under drought stress conditions, rice plants with reduced OsGRXS17 expression showed lower rates of water loss and stomatal conductance, higher relative water content, and enhanced survival compared to wild-type controls. Further characterization of the OsGRXS17 down-regulated plants revealed an elevation in H2O2 production within the guard cells, increased sensitivity to ABA, and a reduction in stomatal apertures. The findings demonstrate a critical link between OsGRXS17, the modulation of guard cell H2O2 concentrations, and stomatal closure, expanding our understanding of the mechanisms governing plant responses to drought.
An increased chloride level in hypochloremia is associated with decreased mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock
Authors: Oh Hyung Jung , Kim Seung Jun , Kim Yong Chan , Kim Eun Jin , Jung In Young , Oh Dong Hyun , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Han Sang Hoon , Choi Jun Yong , Song Young Goo , Ryu Dong-Ryeol , Kim June Myung
Published: November 2017

Only a few observational studies investigated the association between hypochloremia and mortality in critically ill patients, and these studies included small number of septic patients. Also, no study has evaluated the effect of an increase in chloride (Cl−) concentration in hypochloremia on the mortality. A total of 843 Korean septic patients were divided into three groups based on their baseline Cl− level, and Cox analyses were performed to evaluate the 28-day mortality. Moreover, the change in Cl− level (ΔCl) from baseline to 24, 48, or 72 hour was determined, and Cox analyses were also conducted to evaluate the relationship of ΔCl with mortality. 301 (35.7%) patients were hypochloremic (Cl− < 97 mEq/L), and 38 (4.5%) patients were hyperchloremic (Cl− > 110 mEq/L). During the follow-up period, 119 (14.1%) patients died. Hypochloremia was significantly associated with an increased mortality after adjusting for several variables, but an 1 mEq/L increase of ΔCl within 24 hour in patients with hypochloremia was significantly related to a decreased mortality. Caution might be required in severe septic patients with hypochloremia considering their increased mortality rate. However, an increased Cl− concentration might decrease the mortality rate of such patients.
Whole Y-chromosome sequences reveal an extremely recent origin of the most common North African paternal lineage E-M183 (M81)
Authors: Solé-Morata Neus , García-Fernández Carla , Urasin Vadim , Bekada Asmahan , Fadhlaoui-Zid Karima , Zalloua Pierre , Comas David , Calafell Francesc
Published: November 2017

E-M183 (E-M81) is the most frequent paternal lineage in North Africa and thus it must be considered to explore past historical and demographical processes. Here, by using whole Y chromosome sequences from 32 North African individuals, we have identified five new branches within E-M183. The validation of these variants in more than 200 North African samples, from which we also have information of 13 Y-STRs, has revealed a strong resemblance among E-M183 Y-STR haplotypes that pointed to a rapid expansion of this haplogroup. Moreover, for the first time, by using both SNP and STR data, we have provided updated estimates of the times-to-the-most-recent-common-ancestor (TMRCA) for E-M183, which evidenced an extremely recent origin of this haplogroup (2,000–3,000 ya). Our results also showed a lack of population structure within the E-M183 branch, which could be explained by the recent and rapid expansion of this haplogroup. In spite of a reduction in STR heterozygosity towards the West, which would point to an origin in the Near East, ancient DNA evidence together with our TMRCA estimates point to a local origin of E-M183 in NW Africa.
Predictive value of thrombus volume for recanalization in stent retriever thrombectomy
Authors: Baek Jang-Hyun , Yoo Joonsang , Song Dongbeom , Kim Young Dae , Nam Hyo Suk , Kim Byung Moon , Kim Dong Joon , Lee Hye Sun , Heo Ji Hoe
Published: November 2017

This retrospective study investigated whether the volume or density of the thrombus is predictive of recanalization in stent retriever (SR) treatment. Consecutive patients treated with SR thrombectomy as the first endovascular modality were enrolled. The thrombus volume and density were measured on thin-section noncontrast computed tomography using 3-dimensional software. The patients were grouped by recanalization status and the number of SR passes. Among 165 patients, recanalization was achieved with the first pass in 68 (50.0%), 2–3 passes in 43 (31.6%), and ≥4 passes in 25 (18.4%) patients. The thrombus volume was smaller in patients with (107.5 mm3) than without (173.7 mm3, p = 0.025) recanalization, and tended to be larger with increasing number of passes (p for trend = 0.001). The thrombus volume was an independent predictor of first-pass recanalization (odds ratio 0.93 per 10 mm3, 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.97). However, the thrombus density was not associated with recanalization success. Recanalization within 3 passes was associated with a favorable outcome. In conclusion, the thrombus volume was significantly related to recanalization in SR thrombectomy. Measuring the thrombus volume was particularly predictive of first-pass recanalization, which was associated with a higher likelihood of a favorable outcome.
Aerobic performance in tinamous is limited by their small heart. A novel hypothesis in the evolution of avian flight
Authors: Altimiras Jordi , Lindgren Isa , Giraldo-Deck Lina María , Matthei Alberto , Garitano-Zavala Álvaro
Published: November 2017

Some biomechanical studies from fossil specimens suggest that sustained flapping flight of birds could have appeared in their Mesozoic ancestors. We challenge this idea because a suitable musculoskeletal anatomy is not the only requirement for sustained flapping flight. We propose the “heart to fly” hypothesis that states that sustained flapping flight in modern birds required an enlargement of the heart for the aerobic performance of the flight muscles and test it experimentally by studying tinamous, the living birds with the smallest hearts. The small ventricular size of tinamous reduces cardiac output without limiting perfusion pressures, but when challenged to fly, the heart is unable to support aerobic metabolism (quick exhaustion, larger lactates and post-exercise oxygen consumption and compromised thermoregulation). At the same time, cardiac growth shows a crocodilian-like pattern and is correlated with differential gene expression in MAPK kinases. We integrate this physiological evidence in a new evolutionary scenario in which the ground-up, short and not sustained flapping flight displayed by tinamous represents an intermediate step in the evolution of the aerobic sustained flapping flight of modern birds.
Motor actions influence subsequent sensorimotor decisions
Authors: Pape Anna-Antonia , Noury Nima , Siegel Markus
Published: November 2017

Sensorimotor decisions are influenced by factors beyond the current sensory input, but little is known about the effect of preceding motor actions. Here, we show that choice-unrelated motor actions influence subsequent sensorimotor decisions. By instructing participants to perform choice-unrelated motor responses before visuomotor decisions, we could manipulate upcoming decisions in a directed fashion. Subjects tended not to repeat the instructed motor response. Our results show that simple motor behaviors can influence subsequent sensorimotor decision.
Minocycline hydrochloride loaded on titanium by graphene oxide: an excellent antibacterial platform with the synergistic effect of contact-killing and release-killing
Authors: Qian Wenhao , Qiu Jiajun , Su Jiansheng , Liu Xuanyong
Published: November 2017

Graphene oxide loaded with minocycline hydrochloride as an excellent antibacterial platform with the synergistic effect of contact-killing and release-killing.
The role of phase separation and related topography in the exceptional ice-nucleating ability of alkali feldspars
Authors: Whale Thomas F. , Holden Mark A. , Kulak Alexander N. , Kim Yi-Yeoun , Meldrum Fiona C. , Christenson Hugo K. , Murray Benjamin J.
Published: November 2017

Alkali feldspars which are phase separated into K- and Na-rich regions nucleate ice far better than those without phase separation.
Conformational behaviour, photochemistry and flash vacuum pyrolysis of a 2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)thiophene
Authors: Soares Maria I. L. , Nunes Cláudio M. , Gomes Clara S. B. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. , Fausto Rui
Published: November 2017

The conformational and photochemical behaviour of a 2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)thiophene was studied using low-temperature matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. FVP of 2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)thiophene afforded new thieno-fused heterocycles.
Slow relaxation of magnetization and luminescence properties of a novel dysprosium and pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonate based MOF
Authors: García-García Amalia , Oyarzabal Itziar , Cepeda Javier , Seco José M. , García-Valdivia Antonio A. , Gómez-Ruiz Santiago , Salinas-Castillo Alfonso , Choquesillo-Lazarte Duane , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio
Published: November 2017

A novel multifunctional Dy(iii) and pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonate based MOF displays intense PL/ SIM behaviour.
Rhodium(i)-catalysed decarbonylative direct C–H vinylation and dienylation of arenes
Authors: Xu Jianbin , Chen Changjun , Zhao Haoqiang , Xu Conghui , Pan Yixiao , Xu Xin , Li Huanrong , Xu Lijin , Fan Baomin
Published: November 2017

Rh(i)-Catalyzed decarbonylative direct C–H bond vinylation and dienylation of arenes with acrylic acid and (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid have been developed.
Monitoring the mechanism of formation of [Ce(1,10-phenanthroline)2(NO3)3] by in situ luminescence analysis of 5d–4f electronic transitions
Authors: Arana L. Ruiz , Lindenberg P. , Said H. , Radke M. , Heidenreich N. , Cunha C. S. , Leubner S. , Terraschke H.
Published: November 2017

The mechanism of formation of emitting complexes is efficiently elucidated by in situ luminescence measurements of 5d–4f electronic transitions from the early stages of the reaction until the final product crystallization.
Changes in degrading ability, populations and metabolism of microbes in activated sludge in the treatment of phenol wastewater
Authors: Chen Rui , Ren Long-Fei , Shao Jiahui , He Yiliang , Zhang Xiaofan
Published: November 2017

With an increase in phenol concentration, biodegradable soluble microbial by-product-like matter in sludge EPS is gradually replaced by non-biodegradable tryptophan protein-like matter.
Ammonium based stabilizers effectively counteract urea-induced denaturation in a small protein: insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Sarkar Soham , Ghosh Soumadwip , Chakrabarti Rajarshi
Published: November 2017

Room temperature ionic liquids (IL) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) are known to aid the conformational stability and activity of proteins and enzymes in aqueous solutions.
Fischer indole synthesis applied to the total synthesis of natural products
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Rohani Sahar , Zadsirjan Vahideh , Zahedi Nazli
Published: November 2017

In this review, we are trying to underscore the application of FIS in one of the crucial step of indole construction in the total synthesis of biologically active natural products.
Brachyantheraoside A8, a new natural nor-oleanane triterpenoid as a kidney-type glutaminase inhibitor fromStauntonia brachyanthera
Authors: Li Rong , Wei Peifeng , Wang Yue , Liu Ying , Liu Xuanli , Meng Dali
Published: November 2017

With the aim of finding a better kidney-type glutaminase (KGA) inhibitor with potential anti-cancer properties, 18 nor-oleanane triterpenoids fromStauntonia brachyanthera, including 2 new ones, were screened against KGA.
Design and testing of an operando-Raman annular reactor for kinetic studies in heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Maghsoumi Ali , Ravanelli Andrea , Consonni Federico , Nanni Fabio , Lucotti Andrea , Tommasini Matteo , Donazzi Alessandro , Maestri Matteo
Published: November 2017

A novel experimental tool that integrates in situ Raman spectroscopy and an annular reactor for the operando-Raman kinetic analysis of heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
Metal phosphides as potential thermoelectric materials
Authors: Pöhls Jan-Hendrik , Faghaninia Alireza , Petretto Guido , Aydemir Umut , Ricci Francesco , Li Guodong , Wood Max , Ohno Saneyuki , Hautier Geoffroy , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Rignanese Gian-Marco , Jain Anubhav , White Mary Anne
Published: November 2017

Metal phosphides are predicted to have high thermoelectric performance due to enhanced electronic band structures and low thermal conductivities.
The Origins of Verb Learning: Preverbal and Postverbal Infants' Learning of Word–Action Relations
Authors: Gogate Lakshmi , Maganti Madhavilatha
Published: November 2017

Purpose

This experiment examined English- or Spanish-learning preverbal (8–9 months,
n
=
32
) and postverbal (12–14 months,
n
=
40
) infants' learning of word–action pairings prior to and after the transition to verb comprehension and its relation to naturally learned vocabulary.

Method

Infants of both verbal levels were first habituated to 2 dynamic video displays of novel word–action pairings, the words /wem/ or /bæf/, spoken synchronously with an adult shaking or looming an object, and tested with interchanged (switched) versus same word–action pairings. Mothers of the postverbal infants were asked to report on their infants' vocabulary on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (Fenson et al., 1994).

Results

The preverbal infants looked longer to the switched relative to same pairings, suggesting word–action mapping, but not the postverbal infants. Mothers of the postverbal infants reported a noun bias on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories; infants learned more nouns than verbs in the natural environment. Further analyses revealed marginal word–action mapping in postverbal infants who learned fewer nouns and only comprehended verbs (post–verb comprehension), but not in those who learned more nouns and also produced verbs (post–verb production).

Conclusions

These findings on verb learning from inside and outside the laboratory suggest a developmental shift from domain-general to language-specific mechanisms. Long before they talk, infants learning a noun-dominant language learn synchronous word–action relations. As a postverbal language-specific noun bias develops, this learning temporarily diminishes.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5592637