bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the Declining Share of Agricultural Output in GDP Indicate Structural Transformation? The Case of Ethiopia
Authors: Adisu Abebaw Degu  , Admassu Tesso Huluka
Published: January 2020

It is not uncommon that different government officials and practitioners infer the fallingagricultural share in GDP to the underpinning of structural transformation in an economy. By using variousstudies result and a time series of data spanning from 1981 up to 2017, this paper investigated, whetherthe declining share of agricultural output in GDP is indicating structural transformation or not in Ethiopianeconomy. The study showed that the service is the fastest-growing sector in Ethiopia, and it covers morethan 40% of GDP. The share of agriculture sector was 45% of GDP until 2011, while the industry sector hasbeen stagnating. Thus, it shows how the falling share of the agriculture sector in GDP is being supersededby the service sector. Empirical works also reveal that even though the share of the agricultural sector inGDP is falling, it is the primary source for the overall economic growth of Ethiopia. The share of the ruralpopulation has decreased from 89 percent in 1981 to 80% in the year 2017. So the vast population of thecountry is living in rural areas where agricultural-based activities are common. Lack of labor shift from theagricultural sector to the industrial sector can also be attributed to the insufficient expansion of themodern industrial sector to absorb the growing force labor. Furth more, the demographic transition alsoshowed a relative decline. Since structural transformation involves several interrelated processes, thedeclining share of agriculture output to GDP alone cannot explain the prevalence of structural change; theother processes like; industrialization, urbanization, and demographic transition need to be scrutinized
The Output Gap and Potential Output in Namibia
Authors: Emmanuel Ziramba  , Bernie Zaaruka  , Johanna Mumangeni  , Charlotte Tjeriko  , Jaungura Kaune
Published: January 2020

The study analysed the behaviour of potential output and output gap for the Namibian economyusing annual data from 1980 to 2016. The study employed the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter method and theproduction function approaches to estimate potential output before calculating the output gap. The resultssuggest an annual average growth rate of 3.6 percent in potential output. However, it has been noted that theaverage annual growth rate in potential output has been shifting during the period under review. In fact, theresults suggest an annual average growth rate of 1.6 percent between 1980 and 1985 and an increase to 2.5percent per year for the period 1986 to 1990. Potential output estimates obtained using the productionfunction approach was smooth and stable throughout the study period. The potential output estimatesobtained through the two methods follow the same cyclical movements. The output gap estimates from thetwo techniques are not different from each other, and they appear to move together.
The Socio-Political Dynamic Import of Citizens Participation in Public Resource Management in Relation to Good Governance for South Africa
Authors: Andrew Osehi Enaifoghe  , Tafadzwa C. Maramura  , Israel K. Ekanade  , Hannah Muzee
Published: January 2020

This article looks at the social fundamentals in Africa’s political governance in relation to basicleadership and its system of administration regarding public office holders vis-a-vis political leaders. In anattempt to address the research question, it conceptualizes the dynamics of having a transparent government,in the changing pattern in leadership in relation to good administration of governance and the managementof public goods and delivery of services to general public, a system for which the discourse changes in Africa’slegislative issues. This article focuses on the structures of interaction from the national to local level it thenbrings up development of events that seem to be basic to all African politics, which may have been inciting thechanges in the original patterns. It identifies socio-political and economic policies as bedrock that is central toa country’s stability and development. Inevitably, a properly established economic policy is needed to ensurethe sustainability, strength, development, and delivery, of public goods efficiently. This article contributes tothe political discourse in Africa, which may have continued to this day and findings shows the obvious failureson the part of political leaders’ and their inability to manage public resources, thereby making them deviatefrom their campaign manifestos or become detached from people-centred fundamental issues of governance.Qualitatively, this article is conducted and guided by Stewardship and Corporate Governance theory. Itobjectively looks at the keys of good governance as its objective in the post-independence African publicsector in providing an enabling environment and effective regulatory framework.
Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Different Curing Methods
Authors: Daniel Yaw Osei  , Zakari Mustapha  , Mohammed D.H. Zebilila
Published: January 2020

The structural use of concrete depends largely on its strength, especially compressive strength.Various tests were carried out to ascertain the properties of concrete materials, whereas test performances ofthe concrete with different mix ratios at specific ages of curing were undertaken. The study determined thecompressive strength of concrete using different curing methods. Four different methods of curing (ponding,continuous wetting, open-air curing and sprinkling with water) were used. Seventy-two (72) cubes were castusing a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 with 0.5 water cement ratio and with 0.6 waters cement ratio respectively.The compressive strengths were determined after 7 days, 14 days and at 28 days of curing. Findings showthat for 1:2:4 concrete, maximum of 28-day compressive was the highest for concrete cured by ponding andthe least was by sprinkling water. Further findings show that for 1:3:6 concrete, maximum of 28-daycompressive strength was obtained using ponding and the least was open air curing. Despite ponding methodproducing the highest compressive strength of concrete, it is practically impossible to cure cubes aboveground structural elements. Wet-covering method is recommended for structural elements, such as columns,beams and slabs in other to produce concreteof a required compressive strength.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Implementation of Strategic Plan Program Development Village (RESPEK) Increase in Welfare Society in Nabire Regency
Authors: Pesiwarissa Eduard Lodewyk
Published: January 2020

To examine and analyze the effect of budget planning, budgeting, budget control and socio-cultural to the success of RESPEK in Nabire Rgency. 2) To examine and analyze the factors that most dominant influence on the success of the program RESPEK in Nabire Regency. Data collection methods used was observation, interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The sampling technique is used "Sample Saturated". The results showed that: in Partial Budget Planning factor (X1), Use of Budget (X2), the Budget Supervision (X3), Social and Cultural Rights (X4) significantly influence the success of the program RESPEK in Nabire Regency. Simultaneous and Budget Planning factor (X1), Use of Budget (X2), the Budget Supervision (X3), Social and Cultural Rights (X4) significantly influence the success of the program RESPEK in Nabire Regency .The most dominant variable that influences the success of the program RESPEK in Nabire Regency among the four variables above are factors Budget Planning.
Rural Poverty in Botswana: A Gendered Analysis
Authors: Lekobane Khaufelo Raymond , Mooketsane Keneilwe S
Published: January 2020

We model the determinants of rural poverty in Botswana by conducting an empirical analysis of household welfare using the 2009/10 Botswana Core Welfare Indicator survey (BCWIS) to identify such factors associated with rural poverty. The paper found that female headed households, especially those residing in rural areas have higher incidences of poverty than male headed households. The study also found male-headed households, education, employment, livestock ownership and access to amenities as factors that positively related with welfare for all rural households and the results were consistent across both FHHs and MHHs models, except for a few factors such as livestock ownership. Household size and dependency ratios negatively related with welfare. However, dependency ratio did not influence welfare amongst MHHs since such households are characterised by fewer dependents unlike the FHHs. characteristics variables and thus public policy should focus on such factors in addressing rural poverty, especially among FHHs. Creation of employment opportunities in rural areas is key in helping the government in its poverty eradication efforts in rural areas. The paper also concludes that FHHs in rural area must be made a special target of poverty eradication programmes, and a well focused gender specific intervention for poverty eradication initiatives is needed. Moreover, rural development strategies should emphasize the provision of agricultural infrastructure, promotion of agricultural productivity growth through improved technology adoption, as well as provision of basic services such as water, sanitation and electricity in rural areas.
Análisis de la competencia lectora en la formación de estudiantes de bachillerato. Un estudio sobre los niveles de desarrollo logrados
Authors: Gómez Bonilla María Yanet
Published: January 2020

El análisis de la competencia lectora en estudiantes de educación media superior se debe relacionar con las concepciones teóricas, las estrategias a implementar para su desarrollo, así como las propuestas de valoración sobre los desempeños que logran los educandos en los niveles de lectura literal, inferencial y crítica-analógica. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue diagnosticar la competencia lectora en alumnos de dicho nivel por ser una de las acciones comunicativas clave en su formación escolar y social. Para ello se hizo una revisión sistemática de la literatura especializada del tema de competencia lectora, con la finalidad de medir los niveles de desempeño de lectura en los educandos.

La investigación se abordó desde el enfoque cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo, porque se buscaron una serie de sucesos educativos para ser interpretados. El diseño fue no experimental transversal, ya que se aplicó una prueba de aptitud para la medición de la competencia lectora a estudiantes de quinto semestre del ciclo escolar 2017-2018 de tres subsistemas: el Centro Escolar Pdte. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, la preparatoria de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) y el Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Puebla (Cobaep). La selección de los sujetos de estudio partió de una muestra no probabilística al elegirse un subgrupo de la población derivado de las características propias de sus contextos escolares. La prueba estuvo constituida por un conjunto de preguntas que otorgaron una serie de resultados sobre el desempeño y manejo de la competencia lectora por los estudiantes de bachillerato.

Como resultado de la investigación, se encontró que los alumnos presentan varios niveles de comprensión como: 1) leer las líneas —la acción literal—; 2) leer entre líneas —la acción implícita—, y 3) leer detrás de las líneas —el punto de vista, los valores y los supuestos—. Por lo que es importante armonizar estos tres niveles de comprensión, los cuales son parte de la competencia lectora, porque cuando el estudiante domina un texto activa sus dimensiones de aprendizaje al hacer estimaciones y actuar en una situación compleja. El educando, desde la lectura, cuenta con la capacidad para generar representaciones mentales que constituyen la base del funcionamiento de esta competencia, como tema de interés en los sistemas educativos regionales, nacionales e internacionales.

Los subsistemas de educación media superior en el estado de Puebla deben impulsar estrategias que involucren a docentes y estudiantes para que aprovechen los acervos bibliográficos, así como que generen acciones que promuevan la lectura. Se trata de que los alumnos compartan momentos de estudio, consulta e investigación con propósitos muy diversos, con el fin de favorecer la interacción y el intercambio de ideas.
Assessment of Oxidative Stress Changes in Serum and Follicular Fluid in Relevance to GnRH rival Protocol in Iraqi Infertile Ladies Undergoing ICSI
Authors: Raheem Fatimah Abdulrazaq , Mossa Hayder A. L. , Abdulhamed Wasan A. , Altamimi Liqaa R.
Published: January 2020

Background: Literary works about the role of rival convention in relationship with oxidative pressure are opposing and there is no reasonable agreement in distributed ripeness articles about the role of opponent reproduction convention with this respect. In reality, a few creators support the presence of expanded oxidative initiated oocyte harm in ladies experiencing ART's; regardless, others have denied such a perception. Hence, the present investigation was arranged so as to think about the conceivable oxidative or hostile to oxidative potential controlled by foe convention.

Aim of the study: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the serum and follicular ROS concentration in women undergoing ICSI contrasted between two groups, one receiving conventional antagonist protocol and the other receiving conventional agonist protocol.

Patients and Methods: The current case control study included two groups of subfertile women. The study group included 57 women receiving antagonist protocol, whereas, the control group included 10 subfertile women receiving agonist protocol. The study was carried out at High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies at Al- Nahrain University. The study started on April 2018 and extended to March 2019. Women in both groups were subjected to ICSI procedure according to procedures and techniques adopted in High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies at Al- Nahrain University with a single basic difference concerning the ovarian stimulation protocol.

Results: Overall clinical pregnancy rate was 44.7 % being significantly higher in antagonist group in comparison with agonist group 50.9 % versus 10.01 %, respectively (P = 0.019). There was no significant difference in the concentration of ROS at cycle day 2 between antagonist and agonistgroups (P = 0.561). There was highly significant difference in the serum concentration of ROS at day of ova pickup between antagonist and agonist groups (P = 0.009); being less in antagonistgroup and there was highly significant difference in the follicular fluid concentration of ROS between antagonist and agonist groups (P = 0.003); being less in antagonist group.

Conclusions: Antagonist protocol is associated with significantly higher positive pregnancy outcome in comparison with agonist protocol because of the anti-oxidant effect attributed to antagonist use.
Spigelian Hernia: A Rare Hernia With Peculiar Anatomy. (Case Report And Review Of Literature)
Authors: Vagholkar Ketan Ramesh
Published: January 2020

Background: Spigelian hernia best described as spontaneous lateral ventral hernia is an extremely rare type of hernia. The anatomical peculiarities and diagnostic challenges need to be understood in order to surgically mange this hernia.

Introduction: Spigelian hernia occurs through a defect in the spigelian fascia typically lying in the spigelian zone.

Case report: A case of a large incarcerated spigelian hernia is presented to highlight the diagnostic and anatomical peculiarities of this hernia.

Discussion: The anatomical basis of this hernia along with clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities and treatment options is discussed.

Conclusion: Clinical suspicion confirmed by imaging is necessary for diagnosis. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment.
Awareness And Abuse Of Ototoxic Drugs Among Health Professionals In Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti
Authors: Tobih J. E. , Esan D. O. , Esan T. O. , Ossai L. , Olugbemiga Adedeji Taiwo
Published: January 2020

Background of study—The challenge of hearing loss is global but worse in Africa. It heavily weighs adversely on the national economy, occupational productivity and social integration on the Individual and family affected and on the community and society at large. Injury to the ear which may lead to hearing loss have been attributed to many factors, one of the major factors, being drugs that are injurious to the ear commonly called ototoxic drugs. Other damaging factors are infections, noise, genetics and metabolic systemic diseases. The menace of ototoxic drugs is devastating in Africa because there is no legislation yet against these drugs hence they are still easily purchased without medical prescription. There are over 200 known ototoxic medications (both prescribe drugs and over-the-counter) in the market today. This study was therefore aimed at assessing awareness and abuse of ototoxic drug among health care professionals in a federal teaching hospital in Nigeria as a preliminary study to comprehensive solution to the challenges of hearing loss in Nigeria.

Methodology—A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study with purposive sampling technique was used as the research design which is aimed at determining the awareness and abuse of ototoxic drugs among health professionals in a Federal Teaching Hospital A sample size of 365 participants was calculated for the research study but only 191 persons participated in the study comprising of 111 nurses, 47 doctors, 33 pharmacists. Semi- structured questionnaires were administered to the target group; Test-retest method was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS and analysis was done at both univariate and bivariate levels.

Result—The findings from the study revealed that there was a high level of awareness of ototoxic drugs among health professionals (94.8%) but prevalence (66.5%) level of ototoxic drug was also high. Majority of the respondent have high level of awareness about ototoxic drugs, therefore use some of the drugs with precaution but it was found however that the prevalence of ototoxic drug was still high and this is found to be attributed to other compelling factors such as reduced price, readily available and shorter medication regime. Findings from the study also revealed that there is a significant relationship between level of education of respondents and their awareness about ototoxic drugs but there is no significant relationship between the profession of respondents and their awareness of ototoxic drug use.
Atendimento domiciliar da população idosa: potencialidades e desafios desta modalidade
Authors: Feitosa Define Ana Priscila , Francisco Celia Maria , Beatrice Kpoghomou Mayonne
Published: January 2020

O Atendimento Domiciliar é uma tendência mundial que vem sendo implementada como estratégia através do processo de desospitalização. Com o objetivo conhecer as potencialidades e desafios no Atendimento Domiciliar da população idosa, foi feita uma revisão integrativa sobre a temática nas bases de dados LILACS e SCIELO. Os resultados mostram que a população idosa atendida em domicílio é predominantemente do sexo feminino, cujos principais problemas são: Hipertensão Arterial, Acidente Vascular Cerebral e Demência. Como potencialidades, destacam-se a desospitalização, redução de infecções e aumento da autonomia. As estratégias estão voltadas à capacitação dos profissionais, utilização de tecnologias e integração com redes de atenção à saúde. Conclui-se que apesar dos desafios relacionados aos serviços de atendimentos domiciliares, esta modalidade tem muitas potencialidades, como a redução de custos em saúde e infecções, além do cuidado mais centrado no paciente e familiares.
Effect of Temperature on the Structure and Filtration Performance of Polypropylene Melt-Blown Nonwovens
Authors: Cheng Si , Muhaiminul Alam S. M. , Yue Zhonghua , Wang Yan , Xiao Yuanxiang , Militky Jiri , Prasad Mohanapriya , Zhu Guocheng
Published: January 2020

By applying the simultaneous corona-temperature treatment, the effect of electret temperature on the structure and filtration properties of melt-blown nonwovens was investigated. Fiber diameter, pore size, thickness, areal weight, porosity, crystallinity, filtration efficiency, and pressure drop were evaluated. The results demonstrated that some changes occurred in the structure of electret fabrics after treatment under different temperatures. In the range of 20°C~105°C, the filtration efficiency of melt-blown nonwovens has a relationship with the change in crystallinity, and the pressure drop increased because of the change in areal weight and porosity. This work may provide a reference for further improving filtration efficiency of melt-blown nonwovens.
A novel measurement-based procedure for dynamic equivalents of electric power systems for stability studies using improved sine cosine algorithm
Authors: Benmiloud Omar , Arif Salem
Published: January 2020

Dynamic equivalent (DE) is an important process of multi-area interconnected power systems. It allows to perform stability assessment of a specific area (area of interest) at minimum cost. This study is intended to investigate the dynamic equivalent of two relatively large power systems. The fourth-order model of synchronous generators with a simplified excitation system is used as equivalent to the group of generators in the external system. To improve the accuracy of the estimated model, the identification is carried in two stages. First, using the global search Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) to find a starting set values, then this set is used as starting point for the fine-tuning made through the Pattern Search (PS) algorithm. To increase the reliability of the model’s parameters, two disturbances are used to avoid the identification based on a specific event. The developed program is applied on two standard power systems, namely, the New England (NE) system and the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) system. Simulation results confirm the ability of the optimized model to preserve the main dynamic properties of the original system with accuracy.
The Effect of Various Film Packaging, Wax Coating and Storage Conditions on the Shelf Life and Quality of Pomegranate Fruits
Authors: Safizadeh Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2020

In this study, ‘Rabbab’ pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) were subjected before storage to single-layered wax coating (SLW), double-layered wax coating (DLW), individual-seal film packaging (ISP), tray wrap film packaging (TWP), and combined treatments of SLW + ISP or SLW + TWP. Treated fruits were then stored at ambient temperature (15–20 °C; 45–50% relative humidity – RH) or in cold conditions (5 °C ± 0.5; 85% RH) for 18 weeks. TWP, ISP, DLW, and SLW extended the shelf life of pomegranates for 18, 18, 12, and 11 weeks at cold (5 °C) condition, and also for 6, 5, 3, and 3 weeks at ambient condition, respectively, whereas the shelf life of control fruits were 10 and 2 weeks at cold and ambient conditions, respectively. After 18 weeks of storage, the weight loss in ISP and TWP fruits was 0.6 and 0.4% at cold condition and 12.4 and 5.4% at ambient condition, respectively. In general, film packaging maintained vitamin C, total titratable acidity, and sensory analysis scores for color, freshness, juiciness, and taste of pomegranates more effectively than wax coating and control. However, the combination of SLW and ISP or TWP did not improve the efficiency of pomegranates packaged as either ISP or TWP.
Influence of Tap and Hot Water Treatment Before Short-Term Storage on Biologically Active Compounds and Sensory Quality of Wild Rocket Leaves (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.)
Authors: Szwejda-Grzybowska Justyna I. , Wrzodak Anna , Grzegorzewska Maria , Gajewski Marek , Kosson Ryszard
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of dipping in tap and hot water (53 or 55 °C) before storage and conditions during short-term storage: 4 days at 18–20 °C temperature or 7 days at 0 or 5 °C, on contents of total polyphenols, ascorbic acid, antiradical activity, and sensory quality of leaves of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.). The highest sensory values, ascorbic acid contents, and antiradical activity were found in fresh leaves. Treatments with tap and hot water before storage reduced ascorbic acid contents and antiradical activity, as well as most sensory parameters regardless of storage conditions. The highest overall quality of wild rocket after storage for 4 days at 18–20 °C was found for leaves not dipped or dipped in tap water. Dipping of the wild rocket in the water at 53 or 55 °C for 3 or 5 s did not improve the overall quality of stored leaves compared with leaves not dipped or dipped in tap water.
Sodium Nitroprusside Stimulates Micropropagation and TDZ Induces Adventitious Shoots Regeneration in Red Flesh Apple Malus niedzwetzkyana Koehne Dieck ex
Authors: Kazemi Nooshin , Jafarkhani Kermani Maryam , Habashi Ali Akbar
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present investigation was to optimize protocols for micropropagation and adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of two wild ecotypes of red flesh apple Malus niedzwetzkyana for future breeding programs. At the proliferation stage, different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and triacontanol (TRIA) were compared. To optimize shoot regeneration from leaf explants, interactive effects of 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl)-urea – thidiazuron (TDZ), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and two explant types were investigated. At rooting stage, the effect of exposure time of microshoots to darkness and exposure time to different concentrations of IBA and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were compared. The results showed that SNP affected the growth rate significantly and the maximum multiplication rates per explant (9.6 in the first ecotype and 8.8 in the second) were produced in the Quoirin and Lepoivre medium containing 17 SNP µM, in addition to 4 µm 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 3 µm gibberellic acid (GA3). IBA and TDZ affected the adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants significantly, the highest number of regenerated shoots (18.3 per explant) was obtained from the basal section of the leaves cultured on the medium containing 2 μM IBA and 15 μM TDZ. At rooting stage, the maximum rooting (88.6%) was obtained in the result of one weak exposure to darkness on medium containing 3 μM IBA.
Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Delays Flower Opening and Petal Wilting of Three Cut Rose Cultivars
Authors: Horibe Takanori , Makita Maho
Published: January 2020

Developing a method for the control of cut flower opening and improvement of cut flower quality is important to meet consumer demand. In this study, we investigated the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on flower opening of three rose cultivars: ‘Red Star,’ ‘Princes Meg,’ and ‘Madrid’. Shoot bases of cut roses were immersed in water solutions containing 100- or 1000-μM MeJA in addition to 2% weight/volume (w/v) sucrose and 0.02% w/v 8-hydroxyquinoline monohydrate. Subsequently, the vase life, flower opening, petal wilting, petal weight, water uptake, and water evaporation were measured. Flower opening of all three cultivars was clearly delayed following the treatment with MeJA, resulting in prolonged vase life compared with control. In addition, flower wilting was suppressed in all cultivars. Moreover, 7 days following treatment, the petal fresh weight was maintained high in the ‘Red Star’ and ‘Princes Meg’ cultivars. However, there was no significant difference in the ‘Madrid’ cultivar versus control. In all three cultivars, there was a minimal difference in the total amount of water uptake and evaporation. Thus, it is suggested that the total amount of water uptake and evaporation have limited relevance to the changes in the relative fresh weight of cut roses and petal fresh weight observed following treatments. Despite the difference in the sensitivity of the rose cultivars to treatment with MeJA, we conclude that MeJA has high potential as a quality retention agent for cut roses.
Influence of the Plastic Cover on the Protection of Sweet Cherry Fruit Against Cracking, on the Microclimate under Cover and Fruit Quality
Authors: Mika Augustyn , Buler Zbigniew , Wójcik Katarzyna , Konopacka Dorota
Published: January 2020

To study possibility of protection of sweet cherry fruit against cracking several rows of ‘Lapins’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees grafted on ‘Colt’ rootstock, spaced 5 × 2.5 m and trained to a central leader were covered with a plastic foil to a height of 5 m. Several rows were left uncovered as a control. In the years 2016 and 2018, sun irradiation, air temperature and fruit quality were evaluated. The plastic cover reduced solar irradiation under the tunnel roof by around 40%. Light distribution within tree canopies was depleted by roughly 50%, but in the lower parts of the tree canopies, it was reduced to 6%, which is below the critical level (20%) estimated for apple trees. These results indicate the necessity to remove the covers as soon as possible after harvesting. Mean daily temperature near the ground was lower under the covers than outside, but at the height of 4.0 m, daily mean temperature was 0.4 °C higher and mean temperature during midday hours was 1.5 °C higher. The plastic covering reduced the fruit cracking from about 20% to 2% in both seasons but did not affect the fruit yield. The plastic covering did not affect the firmness and antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin content, but in the year 2018, it reduced the mean fruit weight, soluble solid, titratable acidity, dry matter and total polyphenols content.
The Vision Technique Concept Support Crane Safety Exploitation Process
Authors: Hyla Paweł , Szpytko Janusz
Published: January 2020

The issue of ensuring safety in the crane operation process is the subject of standards and regulations: the aim is to apply solutions aimed at ensuring the health and safety of users of cranes and the work environment. The subject of the paper is the concept of using vision technology in ensuring the safety of overhead travelling type cranes. Using a camera based vision system in conjunction with dedicated sensors, it is possible to build a system for monitoring the degradation process of selected crane operating parameters and conditions of use in a specific dynamically changing environment, as well as the operator’s characteristics. Using the developed standards of safe use of the crane, it is possible to generate safe behaviors resulting in the device being immobilized or the potential hazard being evaporated.
Research into the Integrity of Galileo Positioning at Dęblin Aerodrome
Authors: Krasuski Kamil , Kobiałka Ewelina , Ćwiklak Janusz , Grzegorzewski Marek , Ciećko Adam
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of the integrity of Galileo satellite positioning for the area of the military aerodrome in Dęblin. The integrity parameters of the Galileo satellite positioning have been determined for en-route navigation and the precision approach. To study the integrity parameter, Galileo satellite measurements from the GNSS reference station located in the area of the Aviation Department of the Polish Air Force University, located near EPDE military aerodrome in Dęblin, were used. In particular, in the research, to determine the integrity parameter, the mean errors of the determined coordinates of GNSS reference station in the BLh ellipsoid frame were used. The research test was carried out on 11 January,2019. The authors of the work studied the parameter of the integrity of Galileo positioning used HPL and VPL protection levels.
Risk Management in Crisis
Authors: Chruzik Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

The hierarchy of human needs published in 1954 by Maslow states that human behavior is determined by the desire to satisfy needs and does not depend on temporary emotional states. The security needs described in it are the needs of the mental and emotional environment. These are the needs of a sense of stability, a lack of sense of chaos, fear and anxiety, a sense of care and support [5]. Satisfying the need for security motivates people to act, leads to the fact that people can look forward to the future while planning a further life. According to the Dictionary of Social Sciences, security is a state of certainty and means no unacceptable threats or protection against it. Lack of sense of security both in relation to the individual and the general public causes anxiety and a sense of danger, which results in the inability to maintain order and order [3]. Maintaining a sense of security among the population is particularly important and difficult in the case of actions in crisis situations.. The publication describes the basic sources of threats in crisis situations and proposes a method of risk assessment for exemplary hazard scenarios.
Cellular Geosynthetics in the Aspect of Application in Airfield Construction
Authors: Wesołowski Mariusz , Pietruszewski Paweł , Kowalewska Agata
Published: January 2020

The natural airport pavement is formed by an adequate preparation of the ground. It should be adapted or constructed in such a way as to minimize the risk to aircraft in the event of an airplane running off the runway. Research indicates that a significant part of natural airport surfaces in Poland do not meet the requirements for load capacity and require reinforcement. The article presents methodology for reinforcing soils, describes the methods of testing the capacity of natural airport pavements and presents the results of research on the natural airport pavement, in reference to the construction with a cellular geosynthetic (geocell).
Analysis of Possibility of Phase Shift Model Usage for Identification of Gas Leakage from Pipeline with Corrective Elements
Authors: Grądzki Rafał , Golak Karol , Lindstedt Paweł
Published: January 2020

Proposed method of leakage identification uses a parametric model in the form of signals phase shift (φ). Signals from the test stand will be used: r1, r2 - signals from the corrective elements connected to the tested pipeline, pressure signals x, mass flow y and simulated mass flow yw. For these signals, their auto and cross power spectral densities are determined: Sxx, Syy, Srr, Sxy, Sxr, Syr, which are the basis to determine spectral transfer functions described as the relations between these signals and next the phase shifts (φ). Thanks that, we get a large set of transfer functions, hence a large set of phase shifts between the measured.
Correlation between Strength, Hardness and the Share of Welding Imperfections in an AW 5754 Aluminium Alloy Weld Executed with the TIG Method
Authors: Woźny Piotr , Błachnio Józef , Dragan Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

The article presents the impact of welding imperfections on the strength and microhardness of AW 5754 aluminium alloy welded joints executed with the TIG method. It presents the results of tomographic tests of welds. The results of strength and microhardness tests involving welds executed under various welding process parameters were shown. The impact of welding imperfections on the strength and microhardness of a welded joint was analysed. Based on analysing the relations between the r Pearson coefficient values and multiple correlation, significant relationships between strength, hardness and weld defects were evidenced. Furthermore, a very strong relation between the welding process parameters, welding imperfections, and weld strength and microhardness was shown.
Sliding Wear Examination of New Protecting Coatings on Railway Buffer Heads
Authors: Gamon Wojciech
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of tests of sliding wear of bronze coatings made on the surface of specimen made of S355J2 steel by laser cladding method. On the basis of the conducted tests it was found that the wear of the specimens with CuAl9Fe3 bronze coating is characterized by average values which are close to lubricated specimens. In addition, the registration of friction coefficients of particular couples showed very similar characteristics of these two friction couples and friction coefficient values at a very similar level. This allows to assume that the currently used method of protecting railway buffer heads, consisting of periodically covering their surface with lubricant, can be replaced with another, more durable, based on bronze protection coatings.
Exhaust Emissions from a EURO 6c Compliant PC Vehicle in Real Operating Conditions
Authors: Fuć Paweł , Siedlecki Maciej , Szymlet Natalia , Sokolnicka Barbara , Rymaniak Łukasz , Dobrzyński Michał
Published: January 2020

The current EURO 6c standard has introduced a limit on the number of solid particles for spark ignition engines equal to that for compression ignition engines (6x10e11). To meet the requirements, manufacturers install particulate filters in the exhaust systems of most new engines. The article presents the results of vehicle testing with this solution during the drive carried out in accordance with the RDE procedure. The measurement results, after taking into account the Conformity Factor in relation to the approval limits, confirmed the efficiency of aftertreatment system in terms of both gas and solid components.
Is the Greek debt sustainable? Analyzing three different scenarios for the forthcoming period 2018–2022
Authors: Economou Emmanouil M.L. , Kyriazis Nicholas
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we attempt to estimate the development of the Greek public debt for the period 2018–2022. In order to achieve this, we analyze three different fiscal scenarios that are based on the official data available, together with our estimations that are based on a specific conceptual framework that we develop. The three scenarios are based on a different mixture of Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates and budgetary surpluses of GDP. The analysis concludes that the numerical outcome is almost the same in all three case scenarios. However, the third scenario is the best since it leads to higher growth, GDP, and less austerity measures, and thus making public debt sustainable in the long run. The third scenario also provides the best combination of the trade-off between austerity and growth. We conclude by discussing some policy measures.
Colour in Online Advertising: Going for Trust, Which Blue is a Must?
Authors: Broeder Peter , Snijder Hessel
Published: January 2020

In an online environment the customer relies heavily on cues that indicate that an electronic vendor (e-vendor), can be trusted (especially in comparison with an offline shopping environment). Several studies investigated the factors that reduce mistrust in an online environment. However, little is known about the effects of colour on the process of establishing trust between e-vendor and consumer, and purchase intention. The current body of studies on the effects of, specifically, the colour blue on trust in an online environment also show contrasting results. Further, the literature review revealed that (value) variations of colours have different effects on human behaviour, or perception. It was also argued that the effect of blue on trust and behaviour would be greater for people from cultures that are generally more risk averse. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of two different values of blue (i.e. lighter and darker valued) on trust and the intention to book an accommodation, differentiated by culture. In an online experiment 91 Chinese and 125 Dutch respondents (average age 27 years) were presented with an accommodation offer displayed within either a predominantly darker, or lighter valued blue environment. The results showed an indirect (mediating) effect of trust on the relationship between the predominantly darker coloured blue environment and booking intention. There was no evidence for the hypothesized moderating effect of culture. To conclude, this study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of (value) variations of colour in an online environment on human behaviour, and perception. The use of dark blue colour schemes in an online environment can be recommended to e-vendors. Especially in online environments in which the customer is more involved (e.g. financially) or vulnerable in the (purchasing) process, and thus more cues are needed to win a visitor’s trust.
It’s a Relationship Business! An Embedded Network’s Internationalization as a Process of Sense-Giving and Sensemaking: The Case of Japan, Shipping Industry
Authors: Járfás Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2020

This is an exploratory study, it seeks to understand internationalization of a business group as a process of sense-making on the individual level. The focus of the enquiry is a Japanese shipping group, bulk cargo segment and seeks to answer the question how a network’s administrative heritage enables and/or inhibits the performance of relationship management processes in the context of multiple embeddedness and internationalization. The study finds, that the industry at large and the Japanese Business Group (JBG) as institutions act as enablers for the effective management of existing relationships worldwide by delegating action to the field through standardized processes and shared understandings. As for identifying and developing new relational opportunities, JBG as an institution inhibits coordination and sensemaking capabilities by its strict vertical power hierarchy and a concentration of authority and resources in headquarters.
The Integration of Behavioural Change Models in Social Marketing Programs in Public Health
Authors: Savciuc Oxana , Timotin Alina
Published: January 2020

The aim of the paper is to provide a conceptual theoretical framework of the integration of the theories and models of behavioural change in the marketing mix of the social marketing programs applied in public health. A second purpose is to highlight the benefits of social marketing over alternative techniques used in programs that are designed to influence health behaviour. The research is a conceptual one, that uses both theoretical (through examination of theories and concepts) and applied approaches (through examination of particular cases and examples). In the specialized literature there are presented multiple models/theories of behavioural change, but their specific application in the marketing mix of the social marketing programs is insufficiently described. The need to use these theories in the public health sector arises from the extended application of social marketing in this field and the specificity of the domain. Eight main theories of behaviour change were studied according to their purpose, variables (possibility of segmentation) and limits. Accordingly, the study presents how these theories can be integrated in the process of social marketing implementation in defining the marketing mix strategy. In this regard, it is important to underline the advantages of using social marketing (in contrast to alternative techniques like PRECEDE/PROCEED or the ecological models), namely: it is based on consumer orientation, uses marketing research, creates attractive exchanges, considers competition, uses the marketing mix, ensures management of the processes. In addition, some elements of the alternative techniques can be taken over in the application of social marketing. Social marketing is a very useful practical tool, but it needs a well-grounded theoretical support in order to gain ground in front of other similar theories. This paper tends to enhance the theoretical tools available for researchers and practitioners.
Correlation of Recruitment and Selection of Human Resources and the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Klepić Iva
Published: January 2020

Human resources are the most significant resource of a company; this is especially true for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in which they create the company’s competitive advantage because of their uniqueness. Human resources manage other resources and are responsible for the efficiency and success of the organization. The main goal of this research is to determine whether and to what extent the recruitment and selection of human resources are in correlation with the performance of SMEs. The research was conducted in SMEs in the Herzegovina Region in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in April 2019. An original questionnaire was created for the survey, within which top managers views on recruitment and selection of human resources were collected as well as the four-perspective performance of the business based on the Balanced Scorecard model. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis. Descriptive measurements used for data analysis include mean, standard deviation, and mode. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test distribution normality. To test the correlation of variables and to determine the significance of differences, the Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test for independent samples were used. The level of significance was set to p = 0.05. The research results showed the correlation between the studied variables and the correlation of recruitment and selection of human resources and the performance of SMEs viewed from all four perspectives. A limitation of the research is the sample size and the sampling method. The results can be applied in the human resource management of SMEs.
What You Post is What You Get: The Mediator Role of Reached Individuals in the Causal Relationship among Posted Content Types and Follower Counts on Facebook
Authors: Poecze Flora
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the causal relationships among posted content types, the number of reached individuals and follower counts of a Facebook brand page by investigating the communication forms of a Hungarian Twitch.tv live streamer. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the analyses’ distributional properties is followed by the Kruskal-Wallis H test, which determines significant differences in content types in terms of their total reach, reaction, comment and share counts. The Kendall’s tau-b tests are performed for the examination of interrelationships among the retrieved Facebook metrics. Furthermore, mediation analysis is conducted, wherein the antecedent role is taken by post type, the follower count appears as a consequent variable and the total reach count takes the mediator role in the proposed model. The results of the analysis conclude that the analysed Facebook metrics display statistically significant, strong and positive correlations with one another; additionally, post type has a strong, significant and direct influence on reached individuals and although they do not show a significant, direct influence on follower count, they display a significant, total effect on it. The paper thereby contributes to the existing online brand personality and gaming research, offering value to the research domain of online marketing and communication as well.