bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Взаимодействие системы образования и бизнеса
Authors: Шахова Нелли Викторовна , Бакалова Татьяна Васильевна , Бутова Лариса Михайловна
Published: April 2020

Цель : изучение форм участия обучающихся в научной и производственной деятельности, задач общеобразовательных школ в области профориентации учащихся, методов подготовки студентов организациями высшего образования и среднего профессионального образования. Обсуждение : профессиональные стандарты возможно использовать для создания связующего звена между запросами рынка труда и системой образования. Цели образовательной и промышленной политики должны быть взаимосвязаны. Результаты : выявлена роль профильного обучения для соответствия требованиям современного производства. Определены направления сотрудничества образовательных организаций различных уровней и бизнеса, показана необходимость соответствия методов обучения особенностям будущей профессии.
Развитие инновационной инфраструктуры регионов в цифровой экономике: вызовы современного общества
Authors: Новиков Аркадий Геннадьевич , Морозова Наталья Ивановна
Published: April 2020

Цель : на основе анализа зарубежного опыта определить развитие инновационной инфраструктуры регионов РФ в условиях цифровизации экономики. Обсуждение : авторы сравнивают особенности формирования цифровой экономики в России и ведущих мировых странах. Анализируют роль регионов-лидеров в обеспечении инновационного прорыва России. Авторы считают, что развитие инновационной инфраструктуры региона создаст определенный фундамент для дальнейшего развития цифровой экономики. Результаты : в качестве перспективного направления дальнейшего развития цифровой экономики России определена цифровая приватизация, которая уже доказала свою эффективность во многих зарубежных странах. Обосновано, что инновационный прорыв в России невозможен без определенных усилий со стороны государства.
Методические аспекты систематизации и оценки факторов цифровизации российской экономики, воздействующих на модернизацию региональной социально-экономической политики
Authors: Тинякова Виктория Ивановна , Фомин Роман Владимирович
Published: April 2020

Цель : раскрыть методические положения авторского подхода к систематизации и оценки факторов цифровизации российской экономики, воздействующих на модернизацию региональной социальноэкономической политики. Обсуждение : процесс цифровизации российской экономики, происходящий в контексте глубоких технологических сдвигов и соответствующих социально-экономических преобразований, предполагает модернизацию российской социальноэкономической политики. На мезоуровне данной политики вызовы цифровизации предполагают переосмысление существующих представлений о ее содержании, идеях, способе организации, определении ключевых задач ее модернизации. С учетом того, что указанная модернизация обусловлена воздействием факторов цифровизации экономики, необходимы систематизация и оценка таких факторов. Результаты : разработана методика систематизации и оценки факторов цифровизации российской экономики, воздействующих на модернизацию региональной социально-экономической политики. Данный результат обладает следующим научным потенциалом: дает возможность решать расширенный круг задач систематизации и оценки различных факторов, воздействующих на системные образования или процессы.
Efficiency Institution Baitul Maal Tamwill in The Westdistrict Bandung
Authors: Hakim Annisa Nur , Mahri A Jajang W , Nurasyiah Aas
Published: April 2020

Abstract.     Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil has experienced development in recent years. However, based on BMT performance data in West Bandung regency is less optimal. It is known that there are one efficient BMTs in West Bandung Regency and three BMTs that are inefficient. The cause of BMT's less optimal performance is inefficiency in operational activities. This study aims to determine the level of efficiency of BMT in West Bandung 2011-2017 period and find out the causes of inefficiency. This study uses secondary data from four BMTs in West Bandung District which are sampled. The research method used is descriptive method with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) analysis technique which is to measure the level of efficiency of a company. Input variables used are operating expenses, total assets, and TPF. Furthermore, the output variables used are SHU, income, and financing. Based on the results of research conducted, the conditions of the BMT in West Bandung Regency have not been perfectly efficient. There are three BMTs that have experienced inefficiencies including BMT Dana Ukhuwah, BMT Mustama, and BMT Rabbani. Keywords.          Efficiency, Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil, Data Envelopment Analysis
Anisotropic Antiplane Elastoplastic Problem
Authors: Senashov Sergei I. , Savostyanova Irina L. , Cherepanova Olga N.
Published: April 2020

In this work we solve an anisotropic antiplane elastoplastic problem about stress state in a body weakened by a hole bounded by a piecewise-smooth contour. We give the conservation laws which allowed us to reduce calculations of stress components to a contour integral over the contour of the hole. The conservation laws allowed us to find the boundary between the elastic and plastic areas
Asymptotic Analysis of Retrial Queueing System M/M/1 with Impatient Customers, Collisions and Unreliable Server
Authors: Danilyuk Elena Yu. , Moiseeva Svetlana P. , Sztrik Janos
Published: April 2020

The retrial queueing system of M=M=1 type with Poisson flow of arrivals, impatient cus- tomers, collisions and unreliable service device is considered in the paper. The novelty of our contribution is the inclusion of breakdowns and repairs of the service into our previous study to make the problem more realistic and hence more complicated. Retrial time of customers in the orbit, service time, impa- tience time of customers in the orbit, server lifetime (depending on whether it is idle or busy) and server recovery time are supposed to be exponentially distributed. An asymptotic analysis method is used to find the stationary distribution of the number of customers in the orbit. The heavy load of the system and long time patience of customers in the orbit are proposed as asymptotic conditions. Theorem about the Gaussian form of the asymptotic probability distribution of the number of customers in the orbit is formulated and proved. Numerical examples are given to show the accuracy and the area of feasibility of the proposed method
First-Order Methods With Extended Stability Regions for Solving Electric Circuit Problems
Authors: Rybkov Mikhail V. , Knaub Lyudmila V. , Khorov Danil V.
Published: April 2020

Stability control of Runge-Kutta numerical schemes is studied to increase efficiency of in- tegrating stiff problems. The implementation of the algorithm to determine coefficients of stability polynomials with the use of the GMP library is presented. Shape and size of the stability region of a method can be preassigned using proposed algorithm. Sets of first-order methods with extended stability domains are built. The results of electrical circuits simulation show the increase of the efficiency of the constructed first-order methods in comparison with methods of higher order
Ortaokul Öğrencileri İçin Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Becerileri Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ÇİFTCİBAŞI Funda , KORKMAZ Özgen , KARAMUSTAFAOĞLU Sevilay
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul
öğrencilerinin yaşam boyu öğrenme becerilerini ölçmeye yönelik bir ölçek
geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Amasya ili Milli Eğitim
Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı farklı ortaokullarda farklı sınıf seviyelerinden 420 öğrenci
oluşturmaktadır. Ölçek madde havuzu oluşturulurken öncelikle literatür taraması
yapılmıştır. Benzer ölçekler incelenmiş ve yapılan incelemeler sonrasında 42
maddelik ölçek deneme formu oluşturulmuştur. Ölçek madde havuzu, bir alan
eğitimi uzmanı ve bir ölçek geliştirme uzmanı görüşüne sunulmuştur. Düzeltmeler
yapıldıktan sonra ölçek deneme formu öğrencilere cevaplamaları için
verilmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini belirlemek amacıyla açımlayıcı faktör
analizi yapılmıştır. Faktör analizleri sonucunda ölçekten 12 madde
çıkartılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin dört faktörden
oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılarak faktörler
içerisindeki ilişkiyi, değişkenlerin faktörler ile ilişkisini, faktörlerin
birbiri ile ilişkisini ve faktörlerin modeli açıklama düzeyi ortaya
konulmuştur. İç tutarlılık kat sayıları için Cronbach Alfa, Sperman Brown, Eş
yarılar korelasyonu ve Guttman eş yarılar değerlerine bakılmıştır. Bu değerlere
bakıldığında ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of Erdheim–chester disease. A series of clinical observations
Authors: Krylov A. S. , Ryzhkov A. D. , Odzharova A. A. , Shchipakhina Ya. A. , Stanyakina E. E. , Martinovich A. A. , Ilkaev K. D. , Stroganova A. M. , Dranko S. L. , Bliznyukovv O. P. , Kuzin A. V. , Zeynalova P. A. , Semenova A. A. , Dolgushin M. B.
Published: April 2020

Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. The first two cases were reported by Jakob Erdheim and William Chester in 1930. The etiology and disease incidence are unknown. One of the main components of this disorder is a chronic uncontrollable inflammation. In 2016 ECD was classified as histiocytic neoplasm by the World Health Organization and was categorized as “tumors of histiocytes and dendritic cells”. More than half of patients testing positive for the BRAF mutation. The final diagnosis is made on the basis of histological finding. There are radiological markers indicating a possible association with the disease. This is a specific, almost pathognomonic scintigraphic picture of the skeleton, “coated” aorta, “hairy” kidney patterns on computer tomography. There is a Erdheim–Chester Disease Global Alliance (ECDGA), which try to unite and provide with information about diagnostics and treatment of this rare disease both patients and doctors. Today, there are 571 registered patients and only one from Russia. We demonstrate three clinical cases of patients with newly diagnosed ECD and the role of nuclear medicine methods in assessing the prevalence of this disease.
Sleep-related headaches: clinical features and treatment approaches
Authors: Аrtemenkо Аda R. , Shavlovskaya Olga A. , Оsipovа Vera V. , Kovrov Gennadiy V. , Gasanov Rovshan L.
Published: April 2020

Headaches occurring during sleep are one of the most common types of night time pain complaints, along with back pain. Sleep-related headaches can be a manifestation of both primary headaches (migraine, cluster headache, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, hypnic headache) and secondary headaches associated with somatic pathology (anemia, hypoxemia), neurological disorders (brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations), psychiatric (depressive, anxiety) and sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnea). The relationship between headaches and sleep depends on the patients age, frequency and severity of the headaches, provoking factors (excessive sleep, sleep deprivation, overuse of painkillers), the stage of sleep (REM sleep or slow-wave sleep) and possible genetic predisposition (hemiplegic migraine).
The connections between sleep and headaches are complex and interrelated. Sleep can both provoke and relieve headaches. On the other hand, headaches can cause sleep disorders, which are typical for a severe type of cephalgia with the development of chronic daily headache syndrome, medication overuse, and psychiatric comorbidity. General anatomical structures, neurochemical and neurophysiological mechanisms involved in sleep and headache regulation are assumed. According to polysomnography data, objective changes in the structure of night sleep were detected in patients with a sleep-related headache: a reduction in the sleep duration and a decrease in the slow-wave sleep representation. Most nighttime headache attacks are linked with the REM sleep phase.
Management of patients with sleep-related headaches should include the diagnosis and treatment of both headache and sleep disorder, which will significantly improve the results of treatment or even cure headaches in some cases.
Immune Response to Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Kim Su Min , Park Chang Ook
Published: April 2020

Fungi rarely cause disease in individuals with normal immunity. However, fungi present in the normal biota of the skin, mucous membranes, intestinal tract, and fungi in the environment that are normally non-pathogenic, can cause life-threatening infections in individuals with suppressed immunity. In the past decades, the prevalence of
opportunistic fungal infections has increased, and these are associated with lowered immunity due to chemotherapy, HIV infection, and aging. The development of traditional antifungal agents has not kept pace with the increasing prevalence of invasive fungal infections, and the resistance to antifungal agents has become a major problem.
Fortunately, study of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the host immune response to fungi is increasing day-by-day. These studies indicate that fungal-specific mechanisms exist in the human body, including maintenance of immunological homeostasis in tissues, destruction of homeostasis by fungal infections, elimination of fungi by the host immune response, and recovery of homeostasis. Research into the mechanisms of fungal infection in humans suggests a new treatment paradigm that goes beyond traditional antifungal agents. Vaccines against fungi and immunotherapy using the host immune mechanism against fungi have recently been developed and are
nearing use in the clinic.
A Multicenter Study of Antifungal Use and Species Distribution and Antifungal usceptibilities of Candida Isolates in South Korea
Authors: Shin Ju Hyeon , Won Eun Jeong , Kim Soo Hyun , Shin Jong Hee , Lee Dain , Lee Dong Hyun , Kim Young Ah , Yi Jongyoun , Shin Jeong Hwan , Shin Kyeong Seob , Jeong Seok Hoon
Published: April 2020

Background: Candidiasis control should include monitoring the epidemiology and resistance to various antifungal agents. In this study, the researchers investigated the Candida species recovered from clinical specimens at particular geographic areas or hospitals.
Objective: The present study is geared toward the evaluation of antifungal drug usage at Korean hospitals in 2016. It is also essential that species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida isolates should be looked into to provide important data that can help devise therapeutic strategies to control the disease.
Methods: Systemic antifungal agent usage over a one-year period was investigated at 10 Korean hospitals. Identification and antifungal susceptibility tests were performed on clinical isolates of the Candida species, which were collected over a three-month period.
Results: The total antifungal usage in each hospital ranged from 7.7 to 158.9 defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1,000 patient days. Fluconazole was most commonly used (37.1%), followed by amphotericin B (30.6%), itraconazole (9.7%), echinocandins (8.8%), voriconazole (7.5%), and posaconazole (6.3%), respectively. Among 274 Candida
isolates, C. albicans was the most frequently recovered (51.1%), followed by C. glabrata (15.7%), C. tropicalis (15.0%), and C. parapsilosis (13.5%), respectively. Through the application of either species-specific clinical breakpoints or epidemiological cutoff values to Candida isolates, the non-susceptibility rates to fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and micafungin were found in 20.7%, 5.6%, 0%, and 0% of isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: This nationwide multicenter study showed that total antifungal use varied considerably according to each hospital. Non-susceptibility to fluconazole should be further monitored, considering the drug's frequent use in Korea.
The Impacts of Cost Sharing in Health Services in Geita Distrct, Tanzania
Authors: Shole Robert Ngelela
Published: April 2020

A study on the impact of cost sharing in health services was carried out in Geita District focussing on health service provision. A sample size of 96 respondents includes 24 health workers and 72 households’ heads. Household heads were chosen to represent the community receiving health services. Health workers were chosen to represent health service providers who are providing health services in the study area. A cross sectional research design was adopted involving administration of structured questionnaires to both primary and secondary partners, complemented by relevant documentation. Statistical Package for Social services (SPSS) software was employed in data coding and analysis. The study revealed that the aim of cost sharing on health service is good. But the nature of the Tanzanians of being poor among the poorer and poor government procedure for sensitizing its policies before implementation impend the target and objectives of cost sharing on health service. More than 67% people earn less than 50,000 per month and more than 10% do not attend hospital services if they become sick. Also, more than 58% of people are not aware about cost sharing on health service. The study makes the following recommendations to improve health service provision under cost sharing policy. The spirit of working very hard in production activities should be done by all Tanzanians to reduce poverty. The government should educate its people at all levels such as villages, wards, division, district, region and national to make them aware on any policy like cost sharing on health service. Capacity building should be done to health workers to follow all the guidelines and conditions of cost sharing on health service provision.
Preparation of CdTe Nuclear Detector Material in Thin Film Form using Thermal Evaporation Method
Authors: Hussain K M A , Faruqe T. , Parvin J. , Ahmed S , Mahmood Z. H. , Syed Ishtiaque M
Published: April 2020

A study is initiated about cadmium telluride (CdTe) materials deposition and characterization for radiation detector application. The CdTe thin film was grown on glass substrate using thermal evaporation technique in vacuum to avoid the inclusion of impurities in the films. Three different samples were prepared where film thickness were 500, 600 and 700 nm measured by insitu quartz crystal thickness monitoring device during deposition process. The structural studies of the films were carried out using (X-ray diffraction) XRD analytical study and optical measurements were performed in the UV-VIS-NIR region using a spectrophotometer. The films grown at room temperature are polycrystalline as found by X-ray diffraction peaks. The optical transmission spectra of CdTe films showed a high transmission of about 85% to 90% in the visible region with a sharp fall near the fundamental absorption at 880 nm wavelength for the 500 and 600 nm films, and fundamental absorption at 1270 nm wavelength for 700 nm film.
Application of letter of credit in international trade
Authors: Yu Shi
Published: April 2020

In today's world, with the rapid development of economy, many countries have kept up with the pace of economic globalization, and international trade is becoming increasingly important. As a settlement method with banks as guarantors of both parties, L/C (letter of credit) is much safer than commercial credit, and has become the choice of most buyers and sellers in international trade. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the L/C and discuss its advantages and disadvantages in various situations in the application of international trade, and put forward relevant improvement measures.
The analysis of consumer acceptance model and EASI theory model based on perceived value
Authors: Yu Luchan
Published: April 2020

Under the background of economic globalization in the 21st century, consumption's pulling effect on economic growth has been strengthened. The living standard of people is constantly improving and the service industry is developing rapidly. In order to improve the competitiveness of enterprises in China, this paper mainly studies the behavioral characteristics of consumers when they buy products or services. Through the theory of planned behavior and the model of technological acceptance, the perceived value is taken as an important factor to reflect the characteristics of consumers' subjective purchasing behavior. Moreover, the EASI model is used to analyze the influence of service personnel on consumers' purchasing behavior in the service industry. Finally, this paper puts forward reasonable suggestions to enterprises.
Prevention and therapy of acute and chronic wounds using NPWT devices during the COVID-19 pandemic, recommendation from The NPWT Working Group
Authors: Banasiewicz Tomasz , Becker Rolf , Bobkiewicz Adam , Fraccalvieri Marco , Francuzik Wojciech , Hutan Martin , Laukoetter Mike , Malka Marcin , Mańkowski Bartosz , Szentkereszty Zsolt , Toth Csaba , Veverkov Lenka , Karlakki Sudheer , Murphy John , Maciej Zielinski
Published: April 2020

Recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic leading to a rapidly increasing number of hospitalizations enforced reevaluation of wound management strategies.
The optimal treatment strategy for patients with chronic wounds and those recovering from emergency and urgent oncological surgery should aim to minimize the number of hospital admissions, as well as the number of surgical procedures and decrease the length of stay to disburden the hospital staff and to minimize viral infection risk.
One of the potential solutions that could help to achieve these goals may be the extensive and early use of NPWT devices in the prevention of wound healing complications.
Single-use NPWT devices are helpful in outpatient wound treatment and SSI prevention (ciNPWT) allowing to minimize in-person visits to the health care center while still providing the best possible wound-care. Stationary NPWT should be used in deep SSI and perioperative wound healing disorders as soon as possible. Patient’s education and telemedical support with visual wound healing monitoring and video conversations have the potential to minimize the number of unnecessary in-person visits in patients with wounds and therefore substantially increase the level of care.
Los límites del arte
Authors: Gago Silvia
Published: April 2020

La autora propone en este ensayo un camino a seguir, el del arte Latinoamericano y sus límites. Invitando al lector a reflexionar acerca de si existen o no esos límites del arte, traza un recorrido por la historia de la relación entre éste y el resto del mundo pensando que las diferencias que existen en él forman parte de un mecanismo complejo que sirve para intensificar las identidades y particularidades. Se señala que, en un marco internacional, América Latina puede plantear en la actualidad en el arte su propia visión del mundo, de sus problemas, y su particular modo de intentar resolver la realidad.
La inserción de Latinoamérica en el mundo globalizado
Authors: Poderti Alicia
Published: April 2020

A partir de una frase del historiador inglés Eric Hobsbawm se ingresa a un texto polifónico en el que se intenta pensar qué pasa con Latinoamérica en el contexto de la globalización. Esa es tal vez una de las mayores dudas que la autora intenta responder desde diferentes perspectivas en este ensayo. Si lugar a dudas, un tema complejo, un territorio difícil de precisar desde una perspectiva simple y que necesita de una respuesta compleja que atienda a una gran cantidad de aspectos. Por este motivo se analiza la idea de nación desde diferentes perspectivas, la construcción de bloques regionales, las tecnologías de la decisión, cuál es el papel de los investigadores y cómo los habitantes de América Latina son inmigrantes portadores de una compleja identidad.
Narrating Emotions: Towards Deeper Understanding
Authors: Coetzee Jan K.
Published: April 2020

Qualitative research aims at unwrapping the ordinary and the exceptional in order to bring us closer to a complete description and interpretation of life. People’s narratives are particularly effective in revealing deeper dimensions of experience and of meaning. Narratives always need to be read against the background of the empirical reality in which they are embedded. Most of the narratives referred to in this article are situated against the empirical reality of South Africa as a society in transition, still marred by inequality and inequity. One narrative, from a project conducted in the Czech Republic, shares some contextual characteristics with the South African examples—the Czech Republic is also a society in transition, previously employing institutional violence to suppress political dissent.

An important aspect when dealing with intense political and social transformation is the presence of highly charged feelings and emotions. As part of the contextualization for this article I briefly argue that the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1996-1998) in many ways did the groundwork for a new appreciation of the sharing of emotional accounts and revelations pertaining to atrocities, injustices, and suffering. This Commission’s work prepared the way for recognition of the potential of such sharing to create a better understanding of the experience of life in a deeply divided context.

In the article, I argue for the establishment of a social encounter—a concept frequently used in the micro-sociological writings of Randall Collins—between researcher and research participant in an attempt to come to deeper levels of understanding. During episodes of emotional sharing of experiences and feelings a research participant often reveals deeper levels of social interaction—these revelations have the potential to open the way for a hermeneutical process towards understanding. Dramatic recall can lead to reconstructing a story that contains all the elements of what was originally heard, seen, and felt.

The article uses five examples of narratives containing moments of high levels of emotion—each example opening the way for better understanding of the experiences of the research participants.
La resolución de problemas: una mirada desde el constructivismo, el aprendizaje significativo y el conectivismo
Authors: Polo Aronés Lincoln Eddy
Published: April 2020

El aprendizaje fue y continúa siendo objeto de estudio en el campo educativo. En las últimas décadas hasta la actualidad, se han discutido distintos enfoques que explican su naturaleza en las aulas de clase. En este artículo se plantea un acercamiento a la concepción constructivista, al aprendizaje significativo y al conectivismo en el marco del estudio de las matemáticas. Asimismo, se revisan las repercusiones de la aplicación del método de resolución de problemas en el aprendizaje y en el rendimiento académico de las matemáticas en el entorno universitario
Baterías que están cambiando el mundo. Premio Nobel de Química 2019
Authors: Guerra Giráldez Daniel
Published: April 2020

El Premio Nobel de Química 2019 fue otorgado a John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham y Akira Yoshino por sus aportes al desarrollo de las baterías de litio. Con sus investigaciones, ellos han creado las condiciones para una sociedad futura inalámbrica y libre de combustible fósil. Así, se producirán grandes cambios en lo social, ambiental, económico y geopolítico cuando las baterías de litio alimenten la mayoría de los automóviles, fábricas y casas.
Discurso sobre el Premio Southern Perú 2019 al Dr. Abraham Vaisberg Wolach
Authors: Gallo López-Aliaga Carla
Published: April 2020

.
Manual para olvidarlo todo
Authors: Valenzuela Rodríguez Germán
Published: April 2020

.
Pratiques d’élevages et performances des génisses laitières : état des connaissances et perspectives
Authors: LE COZLER Y. , PECCATTE J.R. , PORHIEL J.Y. , BRUNSCHWIG P. , DISENHAUS C.
Published: April 2020

En élevage laitier, l’éleveur doit réussir à amener ses génisses de renouvellement à être de bonnes femelles laitières (notamment des points de vue de la production, de la reproduction et de la longévité), adaptées aux conditions d’élevage et au système de production, et ce, au moindre coût de production. Ceci reste une gageure, mais des solutions existent. Le présent article se propose de faire le point sur celles-ci, en s’intéressant particulièrement aux conditions d’élevage et aux différentes étapes clés de l’élevage de la génisse laitière, de sa naissance jusqu’au premier vêlage. Certaines informations allant au-delà (réforme par exemple) complètent cette approche. L’article reprend et réactualise les données existantes depuis plusieurs décennies, notamment en ce qui concerne l’alimentation de la future vache laitière. La maîtrise de l’âge au 1er vêlage (24, 30 ou 36 mois dans le cas des vêlages groupés), selon le système de fourrage considéré ou en place dans les élevages, s’avère cruciale. Dans le cas d’un vêlage à 24 mois d’âge, une puberté acquise précocement, une cyclicité maintenue, un bon état d’engraissement et un bon développement aux différents stades sont des objectifs à atteindre dans les meilleures conditions possibles pour le succès de cette pratique. Ceux-ci dépendent grandement des programmes alimentaires et des races, mais il est important d’éviter un engraissement excessif qui pourrait être pénalisant pour la suite de la carrière. Dans le cas d’un vêlage à 30 ou 36 mois des rythmes de croissance plus modérés, notamment en période de stabulation, sont possibles, à condition de ne pas descendre trop bas en terme de croissance journalière (400 g/j ou moins), pour ne pas affecter la reproduction et la carrière des vaches. Les régimes alimentaires à base d’herbe et exploitant les capacités de croissance compensatrice des animaux permettent de réduire significativement et efficacement les coûts d’élevage. Dans le cas de vêlages groupés ou lors de la conduite en lots, la pratique alimentaire peut être accompagnée de traitements hormonaux (PGF2a ou analogues, progestagènes). Réduire encore plus l’âge au vêlage vers 20 mois d’âge, avec une réduction des coûts, des rejets, du travail… est sans doute possible et cette possibilité nécessitera d’être testée dans les années à venir.
La maîtrise de la tendreté de la viande bovine : identification de marqueurs biologiques
Authors: GUILLEMIN N. , CASSAR-MALEK I. , HOCQUETTE J.F. , JURIE C. , MICOL D. , LISTRAT A. , LEVEZIEL H. , RENAND G. , PICARD B.
Published: April 2020

La tendreté de la viande bovine présente une forte variabilité non maîtrisée qui est à l’origine d’une insatisfaction des consommateurs. De plus, il n’existe pas d’outils fiables et utilisables par la filière bovine pour prédire ce critère de qualité. Depuis de nombreuses années, l’implication des caractéristiques musculaires (collagène, lipides, systèmes protéolytiques, fibres) dans la tendreté a été bien étudiée. Toutefois, lorsque ces caractéristiques sont maîtrisées, il demeure encore une variabilité élevée et non expliquée. Afin d’approfondir les connaissances sur l’origine de cette variabilité, des études de génomique fonctionnelle ont été conduites durant les 10 dernières années. Ces approches permettent de rechercher sans a priori des gènes ou des protéines dont l’expression varie en fonction de la tendreté de la viande. Ces études ont permis d’établir une liste de marqueurs biologiques de la tendreté dont l’analyse phénotypique pourra venir compléter les analyses génétiques de recherche de polymorphismes.
Pratiques d’élevage dans les exploitations bovines allaitantes conduites sur pâturage dans les Hauts de la Réunion
Authors: CHOISIS J.P. , GRIMAUD P. , LASSALLE C.
Published: April 2020

Dans les Hauts de la Réunion, l’élevage bovin constitue la principale activité agricole. L’élevage naisseur « professionnel » représente 8828 vaches mères pour 497 exploitations. Ce sont des exploitations de taille modeste (18 vaches mères en moyenne) dont les performances animales sont en-deçà de leurs homologues métropolitaines. L’objectif de l’étude est d’analyser les pratiques des éleveurs naisseurs et d’en faire le lien avec les performances obtenues afin d’identifier des voies d’amélioration potentielles. Pour cela, 10 éleveurs ont fait l’objet d’un suivi de 1999 à 2002, qui était fondé sur l’évaluation des performances des animaux et sur l’enregistrement des pratiques des éleveurs en particularisant l’allotement, la gestion du pâturage et la complémentation alimentaire. Cet article montre que les pratiques sont variées et conditionnées par des objectifs de production différents : stratégies de maximisation des performances ou du chargement, simplification de la conduite.
Perspectives offertes par les approches en « omique » pour l’amélioration de la durabilité de l’élevage des herbivores
Authors: HOCQUETTE J.F. , BOUDRA H. , CASSAR-MALEK I. , LEROUX C. , PICARD I. , SAVARY-AUZELOUX I. , BERNARD L. , CORNU A. , DURAND D. , FERLAY A. , GRUFFAT D. , MORGAVI D.P. , TERLOUW C.
Published: April 2020

Les mécanismes moléculaires à l’origine des processus biologiques sont gouvernés par les produits de l’expression d’une multitude de gènes dont les stratégies d’étude ont bénéficié d’avances technologiques considérables ces dernières années. En effet, alors que la biologie moléculaire était ciblée sur quelques gènes choisis selon leur fonction biologique dans les processus étudiés, les approches en «omique» permettent aujourd’hui d’étudier simultanément un grand nombre de gènes, protéines ou métabolites sans a priori sur leur fonction biologique. Ces nouvelles technologies peuvent contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la biologie des herbivores dans une perspective d’élevage durable. Dans les exemples présentés dans cette courte synthèse, il apparaît en effet que ces approches à haut débit peuvent contribuer à améliorer l’efficacité économique des productions notamment par la détection de marqueurs de l’exposition aux mycotoxines et par une meilleure efficacité métabolique et physiologique des herbivores (partage des nutriments entre tissus et organes, différenciation du muscle pour la production de viande, régulation de l’expression des gènes par les nutriments). Les approches en «omique» peuvent aussi contribuer aux autres piliers du développement durable : bien-être animal (par la mise en évidence de marqueurs de stress), protection de l’environnement (par la maîtrise des rejets azotés par les animaux), qualité des produits (par une maîtrise de la composition en acides gras et de la qualité sensorielle des produits laitiers et carnés, et par la recherche biologique de prédicteurs de la tendreté de la viande).
Utilisation du glycérol en alimentation porcine
Authors: MOUROT J.
Published: April 2020

Le développement de l’agrochimie va mettre sur le marché des matières premières des coproduits qui pourront être utilisés en alimentation animale. Afin de pouvoir les valoriser en production animale, il est nécessaire de montrer la bonne efficacité des ces coproduits en terme de performances de croissance, de qualité de la viande et aussi d’économie de production.
Le développement de la production de diester à partir de la transestérification de l’huile de colza pourra permettre de disposer de glycérol. Son utilisation semble possible en alimentation animale. Les différentes données expérimentales montrent que, chez le porc, le glycérol alimentaire, à la dose de 5% d’introduction dans l’alimentation ne modifie pas l’appétence de l’aliment et n’a pas d’action négative sur les performances de croissance, sur la conversion énergétique des aliments et sur la composition tissulaire de la carcasse. Certains paramètres de la qualité de la viande sont améliorés comme la rétention d’eau et la teneur en lipides des muscles ce qui peut être bénéfique pour le rendement de transformation et la qualité organoleptique de la viande.
Overview of Trans-National Recommendations for COVID-19 Transmission Control in Dental Care Settings
Authors: Jamal Mohamed , Shah Maanas , Almarzooqi Sameeha Husain , Aber Hend , Khawaja Summayah , El Abed Rashid , Alkhatib Zuhair , Samaranayake Lakshman Perera
Published: April 2020

On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) as a pandemic. Until an effective treatment or a vaccine is developed, the current recommendations are to contain the disease, and control its transmission. It is now clear that the primary mode of SARS-CoV2 transmission is aerosol/droplet spread, and by contacting virus contaminated surfaces acting as fomites (inanimate vectors). Furthermore, recent data indicate that the live virus particles are present in saliva, and, more alarmingly, asymptomatic individuals may transmit the infection. By virtue of the nature of the practice of dentistry where intrinsically, a high volume of aerosols are produced, as well as the close proximity of dentists and patients during treatment, dentists and allied dental staff are considered the highest risk health professional group for acquiring SARS-CoV2 during patient management. Therefore, several organizations and specialty associations have proposed guidelines and recommendations for limiting the transmission of SARS-COV2 from carriers to dentists and vice versa. This paper aims to provide a review of these guidelines, and concludes with a brief look at how the practice of dentistry may be impacted by COVID-19, in the post-pandemic era.
Численная модель инжекции потока плазмы в магнитное поле соленоида
Authors: Козлов Андрей Николаевич , Kozlov Andrey Nikolaevich
Published: April 2020

Рассмотрена инжекция потока плазмы, генерируемой с помощью квазистационарного плазменного ускорителя, в область с магнитным полем, создаваемым рядом кольцевых токонесущих проводников, образующих соленоид. Численные исследования проведены на основе системы МГД уравнений, представленных в терминах векторного потенциала магнитного поля, с учетом электропроводности, теплопроводности и переноса излучения при условии, что плазменный ускоритель и кольцевые проводники расположены на одной оси. Показано, что небольшие по величине токи в кольцевых проводниках создают магнитное поле внутри соленоида, которое не оказывает значительного влияния на основной поток, одновременно изолируя его от катушек с током в результате образования слоя разреженной плазмы, отделяющего высокоскоростной поток плотной плазмы. Расчеты МГД задачи показали также, что течение плазмы в пределах соленоида не сопровождается увеличением температуры среды.
Математическая модель движения вращающегося снаряда
Authors: Козлитин Иван Алексеевич , Kozlitin Ivan Alekseevich
Published: April 2020

Предложена полуэмпирическая математическая модель движения центра масс
вращающегося снаряда в атмосфере, учитывающая эффекты деривации и изменения лобового сечения сопротивления вследствие изменения угла атаки. Эти эффекты учитываются в модели без детального описания вращения, что позволяет использовать крупный шаг интегрирования и обеспечивает возможность расчета баллистических поправок в реальном масштабе времени. Подробно описан процесс
подбора параметров модели для реальных оружейных систем.
Fabrication of Microneedle from Stretched Biodegradable Polymer Sheet by 3D Laser Machining
Authors: Aoyagi Seiji , Sato Junya , Takahashi Tomokazu , Suzuki Masato , Matsumoto Shinichi ,   Kansai University 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan,   Murata Machinery Ltd. 2 Nakajima, Hashizume, Inuyama-shi, Aichi 484-8502, Japan,   Sanei Seiki Co., Ltd. 2-30-16 Yaguchi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 146-0093, Japan
Published: April 2020

Polylactic acid (PLA) microneedles have been usually fabricated by injection molding. Herein, we consider microneedles that mimic the maxillae of mosquito proboscises, which have sharp tips with jagged harpoon-like protrusions. In case of such microneedles, filling the melting PLA resin up to the tip of the mold trough without burrs is challenging. To address this issue, we have proposed a new microneedle fabrication method in this paper. In this method, the needle with the desired shape was obtained from a PLA sheet by femtosecond laser machining. The needle was turned by 90°, and its tip further cut obliquely with the laser for three-dimensional (3D) sharpening. Tensile and buckling tests were conducted by using a test piece cut out from the PLA sheet. It was experimentally established that the strength and Young’s modulus along the sheet’s stretch direction are higher than those along its perpendicular direction. The 3D sharpened PLA microneedle successfully penetrated an artificial skin made of polydimethylsiloxane. A pair of microneedles were alternately vibrated against each other, mimicking the motion of mosquito two maxillae. With this alternate vibration, the resistance force during insertion was found to be lower compared to that without vibration.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Biodegradable Hollow Microneedle from Chitosan
Authors: Suzuki Masato ,   Kansai University 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan, Takahashi Tomokazu , Aoyagi Seiji
Published: April 2020

A biodegradable chitosan-acetate microneedle is developed based on the proboscis of a mosquito, which consists of chitin and protein. The formability of chitosan, which is a deacetylated compound of chitin, is improved by dissolving it in dilute acetic acid. Thereafter, the dissolved chitosan is coated around an Al wire by a dip-coating method, followed by drying. Afterward, the Al wire is removed by etching using an alkaline solution to form the chitosan micropipe. Subsequently, the micropipe is baked at 200°C for 0.20 min. The optimum baking time was found to be 17 min. Finally, the micropipe is cut and its tip sharpened to transform it into a microneedle with a length, an outer diameter, and an inner diameter of 4 mm, 150 μm, and 100 μm, respectively. The Young’s modulus of the fabricated chitosan microneedle is approximately 10 GPa. This microneedle could be inserted into an artificial skin made of silicone rubber without buckling, and it could aspirate blood from a frog at a rate of 2.5 μL/s.
Generating a Visual Map of the Crane Workspace Using Top-View Cameras for Assisting Operation
Authors: Wang Yu , Suzuki Hiromasa , Ohtake Yutaka , Kosaka Takayuki , Noguchi Shinji ,   Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan,   Tadano Ltd. 2217-13 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0301, Japan
Published: April 2020

All terrain cranes often work in construction sites. Blind spots, limited information, and high mental workload are problems encountered by crane operators. A top-view camera mounted on the boom head offers a valuable perspective on the workspace that can help eliminate blind spots and provide the basis for assisting operation. In this study, a visual 2D map of a crane workspace is generated from images captured by a top-view camera. Various types of information can be overlaid on this visual 2D map to assist the operator, such as recording the operation and projecting the boom head’s expected path through the workspace. Herein, the process of generating a visual map by stitching and locating the boom head trajectory in that visual map is described. Preliminary proof-of-concept tests show that a precise map and projected trajectories can be generated via image-processing techniques that discriminate foreground objects from the scene below the crane. The location error is analyzed and verified to confirm its applicability. These results show a way to help the operator make more precise operation easily and reduce the operator’s mental workload.
System Integration for Component-Based Manzai Robots with Improved Scalability
Authors: Umetani Tomohiro , Aoki Satoshi , Kitamura Tatsuya , Nadamoto Akiyo ,   Department of Intelligence and Informatics, Konan University 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan,   Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
Published: April 2020

This paper describes system developments for integrating control systems of Manzai robot duos that automatically generate Manzai scripts from Internet articles based on given keywords, as well as improvements in the scalability of the integrated control system. Component-based Manzai robots controlled by RT-Middleware have been developed. However, conventional Manzai robot systems, the control systems of which are individually developed, experience some difficulties in interface integration and system maintenance as well as in scalability. In this study, we built a Manzai robot system excellent in reusability, maintainability and scalability by separating the common part from the hardware-dependent part by using the RT components of RT-Middleware. We also verify the reusability and scalability of the hardware-constrained component groups by implementing the Manzai robot control system into ready-made robots with different types of mechanism. We proved the effectiveness of the developed Manzai robot control system on its implementation results.
Peran Lingkungan Sosial terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Anak Usia Dini di Jogja Green School
Authors: Zahroh Shofiyatuz , Na'imah Na'imah
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine the role of the environment on the formation of children's character in Jogja Green School. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used interviews with school principals and class teachers, observations of children in Caterpillar A and Caterpillar classes as well as documentation studies such as daily plain activity, weekly plain activity, daily notes, and children's work documented in the classroom. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, then all data are presented with perfect and good exposure, and make conclusions and verify data. The results showed that the social environment significantly influenced the formation of children's character through learning strategies and methods. Jogja Green School together with parents and the community creates a conducive environment in forming good character of children. The school always communicates with the family through diary or meet directly related to the child's development, so parents understand that the education provided at home must be in accordance with the education available at the school, besides that the school or family has the task of providing stimulus to the community. The community does not teach children with negative words, does not scold the child when the child accidentally destroys neighboring plants but rather gives an understanding to the child, so the child must apologize when making a mistake.
Manajemen Strategi Pembelajaran dalam Membentuk 9 Pilar Karakter di Playgroup MILAS
Authors: Yuliana Anaas Ridlo , Wurinta Aflaha Rara
Published: April 2020

This study aims to analyze the learning strategies management in forming the 9 Pillars of character in the MILAS Playgroup Yogyakarta. The subjects of this study were the principal and educators. Data collection has done by observation and interview methods. After that, the data validity test was carrying out by means of triangulation. Then the data analysis technique has done by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions or verification. The results showed that the 9 pillars of character through the learning strategies management learning strategies departing from vision and mission to evaluation. The learning strategies applied to create the 9 pillars of character in the MILAS playgroup are: (1) Love of God and the universe and its contents, (2) Responsibility, Discipline, and Independence, (3) Honesty, (4) Respect and Courtesy, (5) ) Compassion, Concern, and Cooperation, (6) Confidence, Creative, Hard Work, and Never Give Up, (7) Justice and Leadership, (8) Good and Humility, and (9) Tolerance, Peace Love, and Unity.