bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anxiety and Fear of Falling in Older Adults With Fall-related Orthopedic Surgery
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Age and Community Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Bastani Farideh , Hajaty Saeede ,   Department of Age Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hoseini Raziye Sadat ,   Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Old age is associated with various health threats, including falls which have psychological, physical, and social consequences. One of these consequences is the fear of falling especially after orthopedic surgery. This study aims to evaluate the fear of falling and anxiety in older adults with a history of fall-related orthopedic surgery. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive-correlational study with cross-sectional design, 280 older people with a history of fall-related orthopedic surgery referred to the selected hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic form, the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), the Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), and the subscale of Anxiety from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as independent t-test, Pearson correlation test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression analysis in SPSS v. 20 considering a significance level of P≤ 0.05. Results: The Mean±SD age of participants was 69.50±4.29 years and 65% were female. Most of them (99%) reported a high fear of falling level; 47.9% reported moderate anxiety and 26% reported severe to very severe level of anxiety. Their Mean±SD anxiety score (11.88±4.18) was higher than the cut-off point (10). Anxiety was significantly correlated with gender, educational level, marital status, history of fallinh, and history of chronic diseases (P<0.05). According to the results of Pearson correlation test, There was a statistically significant direct correlation between fear of falling and anxiety (r= -0.254, P=0.001). According to the results of linear regression analysis, being female had the greatest effect on anxiety (β=0.183), while being female and single, having good economic status, and living with spouse had the greatest effect on the fear of falling (β=0.236, 0.545, 0.047, and 0.545, respectively). Conclusion: Fear of falling seems to be high in older adults with a history of fall-related orthopedic surgery. Given the adverse consequences of the fear of falling and the high prevalence of anxiety in these people, it is recommended that counseling programs be provided for them at the time of discharge from the hospital.
Infirm Fitness
Authors: Sharma Aaditya Kumar , Ravi Lakra Aman , Sharma Nishant , Ekka Punit
Published: May 2021

Physically challenged people or the people with disabilities are those section of the society in which the society embarks no decision or gives any judgement about their physical abilities of the working body parts and the other requirements of them according to their physical fitness as well, the present generation has the awareness regarding keeping themselves fit and sportingly active but on the other hand the people who are physically challenged are unable to work on the same. The project hereby tries to implement the solution for the same by giving the various physical exercises that could be done by the physically challenges people according to their working body parts and according to their ability accordingly.
Formación de tutoras y tutores virtuales. Una experiencia educativa desde el punto de vista de los capacitadores
Authors: Balseca Córdova Lorena , Orellana Navarrete Verónica , Rodríguez Ordóñez Isabel Cristina , Salas Bustos David Alejandro
Published: May 2021

La pandemia causada por el brote de la COVID-19 obligó a las instituciones de educación superior a transitar de forma emergente a la enseñanza remota. En este contexto, varias instituciones educativas iniciaron procesos de capacitación para que el profesorado potencie y/o desarrolle habilidades en el uso de las TIC que les permitieran continuar con los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Este trabajo presenta la experiencia de cinco tutores virtuales que tutorizaron un curso intensivo de formación en docencia virtual en el que participaron 520 profesores universitarios. Los resultados evidencian competencias comunicacionales de nivel básico, dificultad en el uso herramientas tecnológicas y en aplicación de normas de netiqueta; y, en cuanto al trabajo con las e-actividades, se identificó que al profesorado le son más complejos los procesos de planificación y evaluación de estas, mientras que su diseño le resulta más sencillo.
Proposta De Implementação Sistema De Bonificação No Grupo Millenium Segurança Patrimonial
Authors: Santos Sjoberg Wilke Oliveira dos , Maquiné Mauro Noronha , Lima Francisco Yury Minguim , Roberto José Carlos Alves
Published: May 2021

As empresas estão vivenciando um ambiente, em que constantemente deparam-se com novos desafios, tecnologias, leis e modelos de gestão, é um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, consequentemente exige das empresas a superação desses desafios, a fim de se tornarem eficientes e eficazes. Dentro de uma organização a gestão se torna importantíssima com intuito obter um crescimento do lucro da empresa é necessário manter seus colaboradores motivados realizando um gerenciamento de pessoas correto faz com que diminua o tempo para realização de tarefas, tempo ocioso por partes dos trabalhadores, e por consequência um grande aumento na produtividade. Porém, essa não é a única perspectiva relevante para essa pesquisa, ela justifica também pelo fato de haver a necessidade de enfatizar que esse tipo de organização deva preocupar-se com o seu principal recurso, o recurso humano, e não o tratar como um mero recurso. O presente artigo tem por objetivo descrever quais as práticas de devem ser empregadas para manter seus colaboradores motivados, a fim de evidenciar os benefícios. O presente trabalho realizou uma pesquisa bibliográfica e posteriormente um estudo de caso com a empresa Millenium. Pode-se identificar pontos preponderantes que foram indispensáveis para o crescimento da empresa, observando os resultados pode-se elencar os tais fatores, destacando-se o emprego da valorização dos funcionários mais antigos na empresa, o incentivo que a empresa promove a seus colaboradores a se qualificarem criando dessa forma um plano de carreira, priorização dos colaboradores a ocupar novas vagas e a valorização dos profissionais mais empenhados.
ІННОВАЦІЙНА ДИФУЗІЯ В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ РЕСТОРАННОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19
Authors: Компанець Катерина , Антонюк Ірина , Медведєва Анжеліка
Published: May 2021

В статті розкриті питання сучасного стану діяльності підприємств ресторанного господарства. Визначені основні критичні зміни в зовнішньому та внутрішньому середовищі підприємств гостинності. Визначені наслідки що були спричинені пандемією COVID-19. Досліджено роботи наукової спільноти, щодо питань діяльності підприємств ресторанного господарства. Саме це стало підставами визначення мети та завдання наукового дослідження. В статті надається оцінювання наукового бачення інноваційних дифузій організаційної діяльності підприємств ресторанного господарства. Визначені передумови застосування кожної гіпотези та встановлено, що в сучасних кризисних умовах підприємства ресторанного господарства знаходиться на першому рівні інноваційної дифузії. На підставі цього була запропонована програма інноваційної дифузної організації ресторанного господарства з елементами фокусування.
ОСНОВНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ НЕМАТЕРІАЛЬНИХ АКТИВІВ В ОБЛІКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Фатенок-Ткачук Алла , Комариця Лілія
Published: May 2021

У статті актуалізовано теоретичні аспекти облікових процедур у контексті нематеріальних активів. Досліджено нормативно-правове регулювання обліку цих активів в Україні. Проведено аналіз останніх досліджень та публікацій вчених стосовно цієї теми. Виявлено недосконалості трактування сутності нематеріальних активів та фактори, що спричиняють диспропорції у розумінні термінології на цю тему. Розглянуто проблеми їх оцінки та ідентифікації на основі досвіду іноземних компаній. Обумовлено вимоги до складових документів, що ідентифікують нематеріальний актив. Виділено неможливість визначення строку корисного використання та розрахунку амортизації деяких нематеріальних активів. Розроблено рекомендації з приводу ідентифікації, оцінювання, визначення строку корисного використання, аспектів нарахування амортизації та усунення розбіжностей відображення реалізації нематеріальних активів у фінансовій звітності.
A Preliminary Study on the Difference in Growth of Brassica chinensis L. var. parachinensis Treated with Different Composted Chicken Manure
Authors: Tan Jiunn Luh , Ang Kok Yu , Chow Min Hui , Lee Eunice Ting Yee , Lee Kuan Hoong , Lee Li Yen , Ooi Soo Wei , Soh Wei Chuen , Sithambaram Raveenderan
Published: May 2021

Chicken manure is one of the popular organic fertilizers used in vegetable farming in Malaysia. Chicken manure is divided into two types, namely broiler chicken manure (BCM) and layer chicken manure (LCM). The effectiveness of these chicken manures is often questionable due to the different method of raising broilers and layers. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the effect of the broiler and layer chicken manures on the growth of choy sum (Brassica chinensis L. var. parachinensis), a common farmed leafy vegetable in the country. This study was carried out in the Agricultural Park of Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Perak Campus), Malaysia from February to May 2019. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) methods were used in this study. The chicken manures were composted for roughly 2 months before the experiment. There was no significant difference in the dry weight, plant height and root length of the choy sum treated with either BCM or LCM. Although the choy sum treated with BCM has a higher fresh weight (177.53 g) as compared to that of LCM (134.64 g), this may be due to the natural fluctuation of water content within the plants. Therefore, the results of the present study show that both the chicken manure has a similar effect on the growth of choy sum. The authors recommend further studies on the chemical composition and optimization of chicken manure application in enhancing the growth and yields of leafy vegetables.
Direct to Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising – Helpful or Harmful?
Authors: Syed soffian Sharifah saffinas , Amir Siti maisara , Daud Faiz
Published: May 2021

While direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) has been legalized in the United States and New Zealand, the prescribed drug marketing has long reached other places in the world including the Asian regions. Behind the successful profit-making pharmaceutical companies, concerns about public health impacts to the patient and physician counterpart have grown. Evidences illustrated that DTCA increases the volume of prescribing amount through patient demand and that the traditional manner of drug prescribing action has changed. However, the quality of health care trade in the relationship between physician and patient often overlooked and compromised. The systematic review analysed eight studies from five identified search engines using PRISMA guidelines. This review findings demonstrate DTCA implication in term of the health literacy, economic impact and relationship between physician and patient. Physician expressed substantial degree of dissatisfying behaviour when challenged with unnecessary need to prescribe drugs demand by patient. The prominent involvement of policymakers in regulating the guideline and controlling delivery of information in any advertisement related to drugs is direly important.
ANALYSIS OF INDIAN AND CANADIAN LAWS REGULATING THE BIOPESTICIDES: A COMPARISON
Authors: Arjjumend Hasra , Koutouki Konstantia
Published: May 2021

An excessive use of toxic plant protection chemicals has irreversibly damaged the soil biology of agroecosystems, resulting in a substantial decline of productivity. Biocontrol agents, especially microbial biopesticides, are seen as one of the key solutions to overcome toxicity and pest resistance issues. Biopesticides are defined as mass-produced agents manufactured from living microorganisms or natural products used for the control of pests. Laws to regulate biopesticides both in India and Canada need to be analysed from the perspectives of trade facilitation, ease of business, proliferation of green technologies and products, and the sustainability and revitalization of soil biology. Registration of new biopesticides for its manufacturing, trade, import, storage, transport, disposal and safety is discussed from the point of view of the legal barriers imposed on the production process and trade. Having compared laws of both countries, authors offer recommendations for legal reform.
INVESTIGATION OF THE TEMPERATURE FACTORS INFLUENCE ON OPERATING SAFETY THE SUBMERSIBLE ELECTROMECHANICAL CONVERTER
Authors: Tymofieieva O.
Published: May 2021

The article presents a mathematical model of the thermal field for determining the values of temperatures during the submersible electromechanical converter operation. The influence of obtained temperature values on the safety and reliability of the submersible electromechanical converter is analyzed.
In a submersible electromechanical converter the windings temperature has great importance. On the one hand, the windings temperature must be such as to transfer a sufficient amount of heat to the viscous loading environment for its processing (movement, transportation, etc.) to begin. On the other hand, the windings temperature must not exceed the limit values for the corresponding insulation class, since this can cause an emergency (fire, short circuit, etc.)
The obtained results shows, that temperature on the surface of rotor's cylinders reaches 135 ° C, which provides rapid heating of a viscous substance, and therefore high performance of the pumping process.
In this work, the bitumen BND 200/300 was used as the loading and cooling environment. The flash point of this brand of bitumen is 220 ° C and characterizes the degree of flammability of bitumen when it heated. Bitumen does not reach the maximum allowable temperature as a result of heating by means of submersible electromechanical converter that creates a safe temperature corridor in a technological chain at its processing. The temperature of the outer surface of the submersible electromechanical converter, with which the service technical staff may have a contact, does not exceed 20 ° C (Fig. 3), which is completely safe and does not endanger the workers health or life. Also, the obtained temperatures values are within the permissible limits of the heat resistance class of a winding electrical insulating material (H - 180 ° C), which also contributes to the safe submersible electromechanical converter operation.
FORMATION OF THE MODERN PARADIGM OF FORMATION AND USE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES
Authors: Grytskov E.
Published: May 2021

It is proved that the formation of a modern paradigm of formation and use of corporate social responsibility is an important factor influencing the development of construction companies. Corporate social responsibility is defined as a modern toolkit based on a system of structural components, covering various areas of operation of construction companies. It is characterized as a system of targeted actions of stakeholders of construction companies aimed at meeting their material, socio-economic, corporate needs, taking into account investment, innovation, environmental, urban planning, project areas of construction companies to increase social dialogue and social factors and companies.
The aim of the study is to form a modern paradigm of formation and use of corporate social responsibility of construction companies, taking into account the transformational processes occurring in the external and internal environment. The study solves the problem of the purpose: the definition of corporate social responsibility of construction companies as a modern tool for their development; characteristics of structural components of corporate social responsibility of construction companies; identification of modern aspects of the formation and use of corporate social responsibility of construction companies.
The normative-legal provision of formation and use of corporate social responsibility of construction enterprises is characterized. Modern aspects of application of corporate social responsibility of construction enterprises are defined.
As a result of the research the author's definition of corporate social responsibility of construction enterprises is proposed, which is determined through the prism of system characteristics of stakeholders' interaction to meet their material, socio-economic, corporate needs, taking into account investment, innovation, environmental, urban planning, project areas. In the process of forming and using CSR, a social dialogue is provided between all stakeholder groups, which creates conditions for the development of BP.
Elements of formation and use of corporate social responsibility of construction companies are identified, which reflect the directions and features of their activities, social dialogue and interaction with stakeholders.
Entrepreneurial Education and Self-employment: Does Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Matter?
Authors: Kisubi Moses , Korir Michael , Bonuke Ronald
Published: May 2021

Purpose – The study sought to determine the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and self-employment intentions. Design – A cross-sectional and explanatory survey approach was employed using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected from a sample of 458 undergraduate finalists from two Ugandan universities. Results – Results of the study indicate that two predictors significantly influence self-employment intentions. Results also suggest that entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurship education and self-employment intentions. Implications – Curriculum developers should develop entrepreneurship curriculum content geared towards stimulation of self-employment intentions among learners via entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Second, educational and economic policymakers should design policies and programs like startup capital to enable graduates to realize their self-employment intentions. Originality/value – The study provides initial evidence on the mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy between entrepreneurship education and self-employment intentions.
Jute: Solution to Global Challenges and Opportunities of Bangladesh
Authors: Niloy Ahnaf Chowdhury
Published: May 2021

Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to identify possible diversifications of jute to create more sustainable businesses for economic development.
Design/Methodology-The paper is prepared using secondary sources of data including published journals, data from research database, news, periodicals, books and websites. The paper is prepared in an exploratory manner, describes several data through graphical representations, and is focused on Bangladesh only.
Findings- The study finds that jute’s economic and ecological benefit can make it a cash cow for Bangladesh. Its immense ability of diversification makes it a sustainable solution.
Practical Implications- The study shows the feasibility of the project from a government perspective. The study can be practically applicable at economic scale that can be highly beneficial for jute producing countries like Bangladesh.
Kamu Yatırımlarının Kadın İstihdamı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye için Bölgesel Bazda Panel Regresyon Analizi
Authors: TANDOĞAN Dilek
Published: May 2021

Günümüzde beşeri sermaye faktörü içinde yer alan kadınların üretim süreçlerine dahil olması sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme politikalarının önemli bir bileşenini oluşturmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkeler çalışma yaşamında cinsiyet eşitliğinin sağlanmasına yönelik politikalar uygulamaktadırlar. Çalışma yaşamındaki kadın istihdamı artışı gelişmişlik seviyelerine olumlu katkı sunarak ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif etkilemektedir. Dolayısıyla gelişmekte olan ülkeler de kadın istihdamını artırmaya yönelik politikalar oluşturmak ve uygulamak yönünde hareket etmektedirler. Böylelikle sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümeye katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedirler. Kamu yatırımları ekonomik büyüme ve sosyal gelişime katkı sunma amaçları doğrultusunda hareket etmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı Türkiye için bölgesel kamu yatırımlarının bölgesel kadın istihdamı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Bölgesel kamu yatırımlarının bölgesel kadın istihdamı üzerindeki etkisi Türkiye için 26 alt bölge bazında tarım, sanayi ve hizmet sektörlerini içerecek şekilde ele alınmıştır. Panel regresyon 2005-2017 dönemi için yıllık değişkenler kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Panel regresyon tahmininde kullanılan değişkenler tarım, sanayi ve hizmet sektörlerinde çalışan kadın sayısı ve kamu yatırımlarından oluşmaktadır. Bulgular tarım ve sanayi sektörlerindeki kamu yatırımlarının kadın istihdamını etkilemediğini belirlemiştir. Diğer yandan hizmet sektörü kamu yatırımlarının kadın istihdamını pozitif yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonucun önemi kadın istihdamını artırmaya yönelik politikalarda hizmet sektöründe kamu yatırımlarının katkısının açık bir şekilde ortaya konmasıdır.
Mükelleflerin E-Maliye Uygulamaları Tercihinde Etkili Olan Faktörlerin İkili Lojistik Regresyon ile Analizi
Authors: SANDALCI Ulvi
Published: May 2021

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri alanında yaşanan gelişmeler insan hayatının birçok alanını etkisi altına almıştır. Teknolojik gelişme ile birlikte bireylerin istek ve ihtiyaçlarında önemli değişimler meydana gelmiştir. Bu değişimlere cevap vermeyi hedefleyen kurum ve kuruluşlar yapılanmalarını teknolojik temelli olarak yeniden inşa etmeye başlamıştır. Buna uygun olarak birçok hizmet bireyler ile fiziki bir ortamda karşılaşmadan sunulmaktadır. Kamu idareleri de bu yenilikçi teknoloji temelli değişime ayak uydurarak vatandaşlara sunduğu hizmetleri e-devlet olarak elektronik ortama aktarmaya başlamıştır. Vergilemenin taraflarından birini temsil eden ve devlet yapısı içinde önemli bir kamu görevi gören vergi idareleri de hizmetlerini elektronik ortama taşımıştır. Çalışmada mükelleflerin vergi idaresi tarafından elektronik ortamda sunulan hizmetleri tercih etmesinde etkili olan faktörlerin katkısı incelenmiştir. İkili lojistik regresyon analizi ile yapılan çalışmada sosyal etki, uyumluluk, algılanan kullanım kolaylığı ve performans beklentisinin e-maliye hizmetleri tercihinde pozitif, risk algısının ise negatif yönde bir etki ortaya çıkardığına ulaşılmıştır.
AKHAİMENİD DÖNEMİNDE YOL AĞLARI
Authors: AFSHARI Leila , AKARSU Rabia
Published: May 2021

Akhaimenid İmparatorluğu’nun (MÖ 550-330) kurulmasıyla, farklı halklara ve geleneklere sahip geniş alanlar İran egemenliğine girer. Dolayısıyla, bu çeşitli bölgelerin yönetimini sağlamak ve krallığın tüm bölgelerine erişimi kolaylaştırmak için çok sayıda donanımlı yol ağına ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu yüzden, Akhaimenidler, sınırları içerisinde siyasi durumun istikrara kavuşmasının ardından bu amaca ulaşmak için, eski yolların bakım ve onarımını yaparak ilave olarak yeni yollar da inşa ettiler. Yorgun yolcuların dinlenebilmesi için yollar boyunca yaptıkları istasyonlarda yiyecek, su, at ve diğer imkanları da sağlarlar. Ayrıca bu yollarda sivil halk dışında, güvenliği sağlamak için askeri personel de bulundurmuşlardır. “Kral yolları” olarak da bilinen ana yollar, krallığın tüm başkentlerini (Susa, Persepolis, Pasargad, Hegmataneh, Sardes, Babil) ve önemli merkezlerini birbirine bağlıyordu. Ana yollar dışında, çoğu bölgede diğer alanlar birçok sayıda tali yol vasıtası ile merkezlere bağlanıyordu. Bu çalışmada, Akhaimenid İmparatorluğu tarafından planlanan yollar hakkında yazılı belgeler ve arkeolojik veriler ışığında bilgi verilmeye çalışılacaktır.
The Effect of Exercise Training for Refugee Wheelchair Users
Authors: Hassan Ali , Yılmaz Ramazan Cihad , Tuncer Ayşenur
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on head and shoulder posture, pain, neck disability, functional capacity, fatigue, and quality of life of exercise training applied to the upper extremity, scapular, and trunk muscles of refugees using a wheelchair because of spinal cord injury sustained in the Syrian War. Methods: The study included 24 refugees aged 20-35 years who were using a wheelchair. The subjects were randomly separated into 2 groups as the control group (n:12) who received upper extremity strengthening exercises only, and the study group (n:12) who received additional scapular and trunk strengthening exercises. The exercise program was implemented 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Head and shoulder posture angular values were measured with a goniometer. Evaluations were made using the Wheelchair User’s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life short form (WHO-QoL-Bref). Results: Before treatment, the measurements of the groups were homogenous (p>0.05). In the post-treatment evaluations, the shoulder pain, neck disability, and fatigue severity values were significantly lower in the study group (p<0.05). The functional independence and quality of life scores showed a significant improvement in the study group after the training (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study results demonstrated that the addition of scapular and trunk strengthening exercises to upper extremity exercises in the rehabilitation of wheelchair users is more effective in improving head and shoulder posture, neck disability, fatigue severity, functional independence, and quality of life. Variations in the exercise programs given to wheelchair users in refugee camps will contribute to better health outcomes.
Comparison of clinical features and laboratory findings of coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza A and B infections in children: a single-center study
Authors: Siddiqui Meraj , Gültekingil Ayşe , Bakırcı Oğuz , Uslu Nihal , Baskın Esra
Published: May 2021

Background: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak continues to evolve, it is crucially important for pediatricians to be aware of the differences in demographic and clinical features between COVID-19 and influenza A and B infections.Purpose: This study analyzed and compared the clinical features and laboratory findings of COVID-19 and influenza A and B infections in children.Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the medical data of 206 pediatric COVID-19 and 411 pediatric seasonal influenza A or B patients.Results: COVID-19 patients were older than seasonal influenza patients (median [interquartile range], 7.75 [2–14] years vs. 4 [2–6] years). The frequency of fever and cough in COVID-19 patients was lower than that of seasonal influenza patients (80.6% vs. 94.4%, P<0.001 and 22.8 % vs. 71.5%, P<0.001, respectively). Ageusia (4.9%) and anosmia (3.4%) were present in only COVID-19 patients. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia were encountered more frequently in influenza patients than in COVID-19 patients (22.1% vs. 8.5%, P=0.029; 17.6% vs. 5.6%, P=0.013; and 13.2% vs. 5.6%, P= 0.048, respectively). Both groups showed significantly elevated monocyte levels in the complete blood count (70.4% vs. 69.9%, P=0.511). Major chest x-ray findings in COVID-19 patients included mild diffuse ground-glass opacity and right lower lobe infiltrates. There were no statistically significant intergroup differences in hospitalization or mortality rates; however, the intensive care unit admission rate was higher among COVID-19 patients (2.4% vs. 0.5%, P=0.045).Conclusion: In this study, pediatric COVID-19 patients showed a wide range of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic/mild to severe illness. We found no intergroup differences in hospitalization rates, oxygen requirements, or hospital length of stay; however, the intensive care unit admission rate was higher among COVID-19 patients.
Urbanization as a Social Process: Historical Analysis
Authors: Saidakhmatov Sh.
Published: May 2021

This article analyses the historical and modern, foreign and local research based on a multi-dimensional approach from the point of view of the forms-schemes, main directions and strategies of the “urban society”, formed as a result of the expansion and deepening of urbanization processes.
Phythonyms in Turcology
Authors: Tulegenova D.
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, phytonyms are gaining great importance in scientific linguistics, they are considered as an etymone reflecting the practical life of a person. The article proves that the names of plants preserve the cultural values of peoples, nations and ethnic groups, their history. At the same time, the names of plants occurring as an appellative in the composition of other Turkic languages, prove the definitions of names in the named language. Phytoonyms, as carriers of relics of the past culture of the Kyrgyz people, are of great importance in upbringing, the next generation in the future. Since these language units contain not only the mental characteristics of these peoples, but at the same time the typological forms of the expression of concepts in the Turkic languages are most clearly reflected. From this point of view, first of all, the author emphasizes the general linguistic meanings of phytoonyms in the formation of metaphors.
Conversión y transmisión de capital en un contexto migratorio: etnografía con familias migrantes en Chile
Authors: Landeros Jaime Francisco J
Published: May 2021

The article aims to analyze the different strategies of conversion and transmission of cultural capital that parents use in the family structure to provide immigrant children the tools that allow them to face problems associated with the migration process. Following the capital concept in their different states, this research is oriented to analyze through the families’ daily life how its members transmit cultural capital to the children in the host country. This research uses a qualitative methodology, including interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, to obtain data and information about Latin American migrant families living in Santiago, Chile. The findings show differences not only in capital transmission strategies but also in the conversions that precede them.
Research Methods in Teacher Education: Meaningful Engagement Through Service-Learning
Authors: Froehlich Dominik E. , Hobusch Ulrich , Moeslinger Karoline
Published: May 2021

Competence in research methods is a major contribution to (future) teachers’ professionalism. In the pedagogical approach presented here, which we call the Teaching Clinic, we combine service-learning and design-based research to create meaningful learning engagements. We present two cases to illustrate the objectives, processes, and outcomes of the service-learning projects and reflect about both in terms of learning and service outcomes. This includes discussions of how this pedagogical approach led to motivation and engagement, how principles of transfer of training are obeyed, and what this means quite generally for school-university relationships.
Leptin and Obesity: Role and Clinical Implication
Authors: Obradovic Milan , Sudar-Milovanovic Emina , Soskic Sanja , Essack Magbubah , Arya Swati , Stewart Alan J. , Gojobori Takashi , Isenovic Esma R.
Published: May 2021

The peptide hormone leptin regulates food intake, body mass, and reproductive function and plays a role in fetal growth, proinflammatory immune responses, angiogenesis and lipolysis. Leptin is a product of the obese (ob) gene and, following synthesis and secretion from fat cells in white adipose tissue, binds to and activates its cognate receptor, the leptin receptor (LEP-R). LEP-R distribution facilitates leptin’s pleiotropic effects, playing a crucial role in regulating body mass via a negative feedback mechanism between adipose tissue and the hypothalamus. Leptin resistance is characterized by reduced satiety, over-consumption of nutrients, and increased total body mass. Often this leads to obesity, which reduces the effectiveness of using exogenous leptin as a therapeutic agent. Thus, combining leptin therapies with leptin sensitizers may help overcome such resistance and, consequently, obesity. This review examines recent data obtained from human and animal studies related to leptin, its role in obesity, and its usefulness in obesity treatment.
Radiofrequency Ablation for Cervical Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Children and Adolescents With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Yan Lin , Zhang Ying , Jiang Bo , Luo Yukun
Published: May 2021

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in children and adolescents with papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC).

Materials and Methods

From December 2014 to March 2018, 10 metastatic LNs(mean volume 0.30 ± 0.38 ml, range 0.06-1.23ml) in 5 children and adolescents (3 females, 2 males; mean age 15.60 ± 2.97 years, range 12-19 years) with PTC treated by RFA were evaluated in this study. The mean number of surgical procedures performed before RFA was 1.2 (range 1-2) and the mean number of treated metastatic LNs per patient was 2 (rang 1-3). RFA was performed with an 18–gauge bipolar RF applicator under local anesthesia. Follow-up consisted of US and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level at 1, 3, 6, 12 months and every 12 months thereafter.

Results

All the patients were well tolerant to RFA procedure and no procedure-related complications occurred. During a mean follow-up time of 52.00 ± 21.44 months, the initial volume of LNs was 0.30 ± 0.38 ml, which significantly decreased to 0.01 ± 0.03 ml (P = 0.005) with a mean VRR of 99.28 ± 2.27%. A total of 9 metastatic LNs (90.00%) completely disappeared. After RFA, 2 patients developed newly metastases. One patient had additional RFA. The other one with multiple LN metastases underwent total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection.

Conclusion

As a less invasive and effective technique, RFA may provide another alternative to the existing therapeutic modalities for cervical metastatic LNs in children and adolescents with PTC.
A Comparative Study of Human and Zebrafish Pregnane X Receptor Activities of Pesticides and Steroids Using In Vitro Reporter Gene Assays
Authors: Creusot Nicolas , Garoche Clémentine , Grimaldi Marina , Boulahtouf Abdelhay , Chiavarina Barbara , Bourguet William , Balaguer Patrick
Published: May 2021

The nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism in mammals. Many studies suggest that PXR may play a similar role in fish. The interaction of human PXR (hPXR) with a variety of structurally diverse endogenous and exogenous chemicals is well described. In contrast, little is known about the zebrafish PXR (zfPXR). In order to compare the effects of these chemicals on the PXR of these two species, we established reporter cell lines expressing either hPXR or zfPXR. Using these cellular models, we tested the hPXR and zfPXR activity of various steroids and pesticides. We provide evidence that steroids were generally stronger activators of zfPXR while pesticides were more potent on hPXR. In addition, some chemicals (econazole nitrate, mifepristone, cypermethrin) showed an antagonist effect on zfPXR, whereas no antagonist chemical has been identified for hPXR. These results confirm significant differences in the ability of chemicals to modulate zfPXR in comparison to hPXR and point out that zfPXR assays should be used instead of hPXR assays for evaluating the potential risks of chemicals on aquatic species.
Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Related miRNAs in Tumor Progression
Authors: Xing Yingying , Ruan Guojing , Ni Haiwei , Qin Hai , Chen Simiao , Gu Xinyue , Shang Jiamin , Zhou Yantong , Tao Xi , Zheng Lufeng
Published: May 2021

MiRNA is a type of small non-coding RNA, by regulating downstream gene expression that affects the progression of multiple diseases, especially cancer. MiRNA can participate in the biological processes of tumor, including proliferation, invasion and escape, and exhibit tumor enhancement or inhibition. The tumor immune microenvironment contains numerous immune cells. These cells include lymphocytes with tumor suppressor effects such as CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, as well as some tumor-promoting cells with immunosuppressive functions, such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. MiRNA can affect the tumor immune microenvironment by regulating the function of immune cells, which in turn modulates the progression of tumor cells. Investigating the role of miRNA in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment will help elucidate the specific mechanisms of interaction between immune cells and tumor cells, and may facilitate the use of miRNA as a predictor of immune disorders in tumor progression. This review summarizes the multifarious roles of miRNA in tumor progression through regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment, and provides guidance for the development of miRNA drugs to treat tumors and for the use of miRNA as an auxiliary means in tumor immunotherapy.
Acute Alcohol Intoxication Modulates Monocyte Subsets and Their Functions in a Time-Dependent Manner in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Janicova Andrea , Haag Florian , Xu Baolin , Garza Alejandra P. , Dunay Ildiko Rita , Neunaber Claudia , Nowak Aleksander J. , Cavalli Paola , Marzi Ingo , Sturm Ramona , Relja Borna
Published: May 2021

Background

Excessive alcohol intake is associated with adverse immune response-related effects, however, acute and chronic abuse differently modulate monocyte activation. In this study, we have evaluated the phenotypic and functional changes of monocytes in acutely intoxicated healthy volunteers (HV).

Methods

Twenty-two HV consumed individually adjusted amounts of alcoholic beverages until reaching a blood alcohol level of 1‰ after 4h (T4). Peripheral blood was withdrawn before and 2h (T2), 4h (T4), 6h (T6), 24h (T24), and 48h (T48) after starting the experiment and stained for CD14, CD16 and TLR4. CD14brightCD16-, CD14brightCD16+ and CD14dimCD16+ monocyte subsets and their TLR4 expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. Inflammasome activation via caspase-1 in CD14+ monocytes was measured upon an ex vivo in vitro LPS stimulation. Systemic IL-1β and adhesion capacity of isolated CD14+ monocytes upon LPS stimulation were evaluated.

Results

The percentage of CD14+ monocyte did not change following alcohol intoxication, whereas CD14brightCD16- monocyte subset significantly increased at T2 and T24, CD14brightCD16+ at T2, T4 and T6 and CD14dimCD16+ at T4 and T6. The relative fraction of TLR4 expressing CD14+ monocytes as well as the density of TLR4 surface presentation increased at T2 and decreased at T48 significantly. TLR4+CD14+ monocytes were significantly enhanced in all subsets at T2. TLR4 expression significantly decreased in CD14brightCD16- at T48, in CD14brightCD16+ at T24 and T48, increased in CD14dimCD16+ at T2. IL-1β release upon LPS stimulation decreased at T48, correlating with TLR4 receptor expression. Alcohol downregulated inflammasome activation following ex vivo in vitro stimulation with LPS between T2 and T48 vs. T0. The adhesion capacity of CD14+ monocytes decreased from T2 with significance at T4, T6 and T48. Following LPS administration, a significant reduction of adhesion was observed at T4 and T6.

Conclusions

Alcohol intoxication immediately redistributes monocyte subsets toward the pro-inflammatory phenotype with their subsequent differentiation into the anti-inflammatory phenotype. This is paralleled by a significant functional depression, suggesting an alcohol-induced time-dependent hyporesponsiveness of monocytes to pathogenic triggers.
Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 2, a Pleiotropically Linked Receptor for the Multiple Sclerosis Drug, Monomethyl Fumarate. Possible Implications for the Inflammatory Response
Authors: Parodi Benedetta , Sanna Alessia , Cedola Alessia , Uccelli Antonio , Kerlero de Rosbo Nicole
Published: May 2021

Monomethyl fumarate (MMF), metabolite of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an immunosuppressive drug approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), is a potent agonist for hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2), eliciting signals that dampen cell activation or lead to inflammation such as the skin flushing reaction that is one of the main side effects of the treatment, together with gastrointestinal inflammation. Our aim is to further understand the molecular basis underlying these differential effects of the drug. We have used wild-type and HCAR2 knock-out mice to investigate, in vitro and ex vivo under steady-state and pathological conditions, the HCAR2-mediated signaling pathways activated by MMF in dendritic cells (DC), which promote differentiation of T cells, and in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) where activation of a pro-inflammatory pathway, such as the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway involved in skin flushing, could underlie gastrointestinal side effects of the drug. To understand how DMF treatment might impact on gut inflammation induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for MS, we have used 3D X-ray phase contrast tomography and flow cytometry to monitor possible intestinal alterations at morphological and immunological levels, respectively. We show that HCAR2 is a pleiotropically linked receptor for MMF, mediating activation of different pathways leading to different outcomes in different cell types, depending on experimental in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. In the small intestine of EAE-affected mice, DMF treatment affected migration of tolerogenic DC from lamina propria to mesenteric lymph nodes, and/or reverted their profile to pro-inflammatory, probably as a result of reduced expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase and transforming growth factor beta as well as the inflammatory environment. Nevertheless, DMF treatment did not amplify the morphological alterations induced by EAE. On the basis of our further understanding of MMF signaling through HCAR2, we suggest that the pleiotropic signaling of fumarate via HCAR2 should be addressed for its pharmaceutical relevance in devising new lead compounds with reduced inflammatory side effects.
Endothelial Focal Adhesions Are Functional Obstacles for Leukocytes During Basolateral Crawling
Authors: Arts Janine J. G. , Mahlandt Eike K. , Schimmel Lilian , Grönloh Max L. B. , van der Niet Sanne , Klein Bart J. A. M. , Fernandez-Borja Mar , van Geemen Daphne , Huveneers Stephan , van Rijssel Jos , Goedhart Joachim , van Buul Jaap D.
Published: May 2021

An inflammatory response requires leukocytes to migrate from the circulation across the vascular lining into the tissue to clear the invading pathogen. Whereas a lot of attention is focused on how leukocytes make their way through the endothelial monolayer, it is less clear how leukocytes migrate underneath the endothelium before they enter the tissue. Upon finalization of the diapedesis step, leukocytes reside in the subendothelial space and encounter endothelial focal adhesions. Using TIRF microscopy, we show that neutrophils navigate around these focal adhesions. Neutrophils recognize focal adhesions as physical obstacles and deform to get around them. Increasing the number of focal adhesions by silencing the small GTPase RhoJ slows down basolateral crawling of neutrophils. However, apical crawling and diapedesis itself are not affected by RhoJ depletion. Increasing the number of focal adhesions drastically by expressing the Rac1 GEF Tiam1 make neutrophils to avoid migrating underneath these Tiam1-expressing endothelial cells. Together, our results show that focal adhesions mark the basolateral migration path of neutrophils.
Vaccine-Induced Protection in Two Murine Models of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Rayens Emily , Rabacal Whitney , Kang S. Earl , Celia Brandi N. , Momany Michelle , Norris Karen A.
Published: May 2021

Life-threatening, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) cause over 1.5 million deaths worldwide and are a major public health concern with high mortality rates even with medical treatment. Infections with the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus are among the most common. Despite the growing clinical need, there are no licensed vaccines for IFIs. Here we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an A. fumigatus recombinant protein vaccine candidate, AF.KEX1, in experimental murine models of drug-induced immunosuppression. Immunization of healthy mice with AF.KEX1 and adjuvant induced a robust immune response. Following AF.KEX1 or sham immunization, mice were immunosuppressed by treatment with either cortisone acetate or hydrocortisone and the calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus. To test vaccine efficacy, immunosuppressed mice were intranasally challenged with A. fumigatus conidia (Af293) and weight and body temperature were monitored for 10 days. At study termination, organism burden in the lungs was evaluated by quantitative PCR and Gomori’s methanamine silver staining. In both models of immunosuppression, AF.KEX1 vaccinated mice experienced decreased rates of mortality and significantly lower lung organism burden compared to non-vaccinated controls. The lung fungal burden was inversely correlated with the peak anti-AF.KEX1 IgG titer achieved following vaccination. These studies provide the basis for further evaluation of a novel vaccine strategy to protect individuals at risk of invasive aspergillosis due to immunosuppressive treatments.
Pressure and Temperature Combined With Microbial Supernatant Effectively Inactivate Bacillus subtilis Spores
Authors: Li Jingyu , Sun Yaxin , Chen Fang , Hu Xiaosong , Dong Li
Published: May 2021

Spores from the Bacillus species pose a challenge to the food industry because of their ubiquitous nature and extreme resistance. Accumulated evidence indicates that it is effective to induce spore germination homogenously before killing them. However, it is difficult to obtain and apply exogenous germination factors, which will affect food composition. Therefore, this study screened endogenous germinants from microorganisms by assessing the effect of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Streptococcus thermophilus cultures (cell-free) on B. subtilis spore germination. The results showed that the supernatants from these five microorganisms induced spore germination instead of sediments. Moreover, the supernatants of E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. cerevisiae exhibited higher germination rates than L. plantarum and S. thermophilus, and the induction effects were concentration-dependent. Furthermore, plate counting confirmed that the microbial supernatants induced the lowest spore germination ratio on strains B. subtilis FB85 [germination receptors (GRs) mutant] but not strains B. subtilis PB705 (PrkC mutant). In addition, B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae supernatants, combined with pressure and temperature, were effective in spore inactivation. The findings suggested that microbial supernatants may include agents that induce spore germination and may be used for spore inactivation.