bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Multiple-Defect Detection and Evaluation of Rail Wheel Tread Images using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Trilla Alexandre , Bob-Manuel John , Lamoureux Benjamin , Vilasis-Cardona Xavier
Published: May 2021

The wheel-rail interface is regarded as the most important factor for the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle, affecting the safety of the service, the passenger comfort, and the life of the wheelset asset. The degradation of the wheels in contact with the rail is visibly manifest on their treads in the form of defects such as indentations, flats, cavities, etc. To guarantee a reliable rail service and maximise the availability of the rolling-stock assets, these defects need to be constantly and periodically monitored as their severity evolves. This inspection task is usually conducted manually at the fleet level and therefore it takes a lot of human resources. In order to add value to this maintenance activity, this article presents an automatic Deep Learning method to jointly detect and classify wheel tread defects based on smartphone pictures taken by the maintenance team. The architecture of this approach is based on a framework of Convolutional Neural Networks, which is applied to the different tasks of the diagnosis process including the location of the defect area within the image, the prediction of the defect size, and the identification of defect type. With this information determined, the maintenancecriteria rules can ultimately be applied to obtain the actionable results. The presented neural approach has been evaluated with a set of wheel defect pictures collected over the course of nearly two years, concluding that it can reliably automate the condition diagnosis of half the current workload and thus reduce the lead time to take maintenance action, significantly reducing engineering hours for verification and validation. Overall, this creates a platform or significant progress in automated predictive maintenance of rolling stock wheelsets.
Anatomi Zakat Mal (antara Ibadah Mahdhah dan Mu’amalah Maliyyah)
Authors: Rusdan Rusdan
Published: May 2021

There is a general view that is developing among the jurists' that zakat is a mahdhah worship which contains the side of mu'amalh maliyah ijtima'iyyah. As a mahdhah worship, zakat is ta'abbudi. At this point, submission and obedience are put forward so that there is no room for innovation and creation. While in its position as mu'amalh maliyah ijtima'iyyah it is ta'aqquli, so it is possible to make innovations and creations, both regarding the object of zakat, miqdar zakat (nishab and percentage of zakat), or other things that surround the zakat. The data used in this research is secondary data which is collected and obtained from literature studies, documents and other scientific publications. While the data analysis method used is a qualitative descriptive method, which is intended to comprehensively explain and analyze the position of zakat as mahdhah worship which contains mu'amalah maliyyah ijtima'iyyah which cannot be separated from the socio-economic aspects. Although it is understood that zakat mal contains aspects of mu'amalah maliyah ijtima'yyah, in addition to aspects of mahdhah worship which are ritual nuances and are ta'aqquli in nature, in practice the nuances of worship are more dominant, both at the theoretical-normative and practical-policy level. This is evident from the lack of progressive ijtihad to develop zakat miqdar (nishab and zakat percentage), zakat objects, and state policies. So far, the object of zakat has almost no development other than what the jurists have discussed in fiqh books which usually only revolves around a few commodities / business fields, such as zakat on gold and silver, zakat on livestock (usually limited to camels, cows, and goat), zakat on agriculture and certain fruits, zakat on commerce, and zakat for mining goods and hidden assets.
Efektifitas Media Online yang digunakan dalam Proses Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Kurniawan Aziz
Published: May 2021

The covid-19 pandemic era forced teachers and educators to apply learning by applying online models. Many platforms are offered to facilitate learning, of course it confuses what application is suitable to use so that learning continues to run well even with the online system. So the purpose of this study is (1) to know the understanding and interest of students after learning by using online media platform, (2) to know the effectiveness of the platform that is often used during emergencies Covid-19, (3) able to implement a suitable platform for learning during pandemic Covid-19. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. where in research the data obtained is then interpreted by the researcher. Based on the results obtained that the use of WAG as a single medium in learning is less effective, while the use of the classroom can be said to be effective because it is applied to students become more active in learning while the google meet application provides effective results in learning because learners are able to directly understand the material brought but has some constraints faced especially in signals and quotas. So it is necessary to use a combination of teleconference applications such as google meet and applications such as WAG / Classroom as a discussion container
STUDY OF LAPAROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF FEMALE FACTORS IN INFERTILITY AT ANMMCH, GAYA, BIHAR
Authors: Chaudhary Pankaj Kumar , Chaurasia Anupam , Dwivedy Lata Shukla , Jana Debarshi
Published: May 2021

Objective:To nd out different causes of female infertility with diagnostic laparoscopy and their comparative frequency in primary and secondary infertility. Study Design:Acase series. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, August 2018 to July 2019. Methodology:All infertile women underwent diagnostic laparoscopy for primary and secondary infertility during the study period were included. Couples who had not lived together for at least 12 months, and those with male factor infertility were excluded. Data were collected on a proforma, and analysed on SPSS package for windows version 10. Frequencies were calculated for laparoscopic ndings regarding primary and secondary infertility. Results: Fifty infertile women underwent laparoscopy during the study period, 32 (64%) had primary infertility while 18 (36%) secondary infertility. Eight (25.0%) patients with primary and 2 (11.1%) patients with secondary infertility had no visible abnormality. The common nding was tubal blockage in 7 (21.9%) and 6 (33.3%) cases of primary and secondary infertility respectively. Five (15.6%) cases of primary infertility were detected as polycystic ovaries (PCO) which was not found in cases of secondary infertility. Endometriosis was found in 4 (12.5%) cases with primary infertility and 2 (11.1%) cases with secondary infertility. Pelvic inammatory disease (PID) was found in 1 (3.1%) and 2 (16.7%) cases of primary and secondary infertility respectively. Peritubal and periovarian adhesions were detected in 2 (6.3%) cases with primary infertility and 4 (22.2%) cases with secondary infertility. Fibriod was found in 2 (6.3%) and 1 (5.6%) cases of primary and secondary infertility respectively. Ovarian cyst detected in 2 (6.3%) cases with primary infertility while none was found in cases of secondary infertility. Conclusion: Most common causes responsible for infertility were tubal occlusion, endometriosis, peritubal and periovarian adhesions. Ovarian causes were seen in primary infertility only
Counterfactual causal analysis on structured data
Authors: paul swarna , Firdausi Tauseef Jamal , Jana Saikat , Das Arunava , Nandi Piyush
Published: May 2021

Data generated in a real-world business environment can be highly
connected with intricate relationships among entities. Studying relationships
and understanding their dynamics can provide deeper understanding of business
events. However, finding important causal relations among entities is a daunting task with heavy dependency on data scientists. Also due to fundamental
problem of causal inference it is impossible to directly observe causal effects.
Thus, a method is proposed to explain predictive causal relations in an arbitrary
linked dataset using counterfactual type causality. The proposed method can
generate counterfactual examples with high fidelity in minimal time. It can explain causal relations among any chosen response variable and an arbitrary set
of independent causal variables to provide explanations in natural language.
The evidence of the explanations is shown in the form of a summarized connected data graph
Deep Learning Based COVID-19 Detection: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Khan Muhammad Khurram , Arshad Qurat-ul-Ain , Azam Faisal , Khan Wazir Zada
Published: May 2021

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an ecumenical pandemic that has affected the whole world drastically by raising a global calamitous situation. Due to this pernicious disease, millions of people have lost their lives. The scientists are still far from knowing how to tackle the coronavirus due to its multiple mutations found around the globe. Standard testing technique called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 is expensive and time consuming. However, to assist specialists and radiologists in COVID-19 detection and diagnosis, deep learning plays an important role. Many research efforts have been done that leverage deep learning techniques and technologies for the identification or categorization of COVID-19 positive patients, and these techniques are proved to be a powerful tool that can automatically detect or diagnose COVID-19 cases. In this paper, we identify significant challenges regarding deep learning-based systems and techniques that use different medical imaging modalities, including Cough and Breadth, Chest X-ray, and Computer Tomography (CT) to combat COVID-19 outbreak. We also pinpoint important research questions for each category of challenges. The challenges highlighted in this paper will call an attention to the noticeable weaknesses and problems in the existing deep learning based COVID-19 detection systems and techniques. Moreover, the research questions for each challenge will guide the researchers to come up with novel solutions in COVID-19 detection.
Calculation of airgap function and inductance using analytical modeling of rotor magnetic characteristics of an IPM motor under loaded condition
Authors: NANDA BINITA , Kumar Praveen
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes an analytical model to calculate the airgap function and inductance, which can be used to get an optimal design during the initial design phase. It investigates the relationship between the design parameters of the rotor and the motor performance.

This paper is under review in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.
Energy Management Scheme in Hierarchical Integrated Energy Systems with Coalition
Authors: Nayana
Published: May 2021

Often, coalitions are formed by the hierarchical integrated energy systems (HIESs) and their evolutionary process which is driven by the benefits of stakeholders and consolidate energy consumers and producers. Several literature have failed to analyze the operation of HIES under the impact of multiple coalitions. At the lower level, multiple users, in the middle level, the multiple distributed energy stations (DESs) and at the upper level, one natural gas and one electricity utility company structure is used for analyzing the HIES operation with a trading scheme. The Lagrange function is used for deriving the optimal operation strategy based analytical function for each probable coalition and each market participant comprising of users and the DESs. It is evident from the results that in a single coalition, the profits linked to other DESs will decrease while increasing the profit of one DES with technological enhancements, users show an aversion towards DESs with high generation coefficient while they are attracted to the ones that enable reduction of heat and electricity price. Maintaining their isolation is preferred by high heat and electricity consuming DESs at the same energy price. Other coalitions and their operations are not affected by the change in parameters of one coalition.
ИЗ ИСТОРИИ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ
Authors: Умарова С.Х.
Published: May 2021

Язык медицины имеет долгую историю, и поэтому до настоящего времени греческий и латинский языки остаются основными международными источниками для создания новых медицинских терминов в современных языках. Знание значений медицинских терминов очень важно для ознакомления с медициной. Освоение профессионального языка медицины для специалистов имеет важное значение. Он содержит специальные термины, специальные выражения, которые могут использоваться иначе, чем в разговорной речи.
ЗДОРОВЫЙ ОБРАЗ ЖИЗНИ КАК ФУНДАМЕНТ КРЕПКОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ И СЧАСТЛИВОГО ДОЛГОЛЕТИЯ
Authors: Умарова С.Х. , Абуев Т.У.
Published: May 2021

В статье затрагивается тема здорового образа жизни как глобальной социальной проблемы, составной части жизни общества в целом. Насколько важно приучать к здоровому образу жизни еще с раннего детства. Это связано не только с занятием спорта, но и с поведением человека на протяжении всей его жизни.
ЗАРУБЕЖНОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ КАК ОДНО ИЗ ПОЗИТИВНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ УРОВНЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ПЛАНЕ ОБМЕНА ЗНАНИЙ МЕЖДУ СТРАНАМИ
Authors: Умарова С.Х. , Абуев Т.У.
Published: May 2021

В статье раскрываются все аспекты обучения российских студентов в зарубежных странах, а также положительная сторона в притоке иностранных студентов в Россию, в частности в Чеченскую Республику, а также причины, по которым рекомендуется это развивать.
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ПРОБЛЕМЕ САМОРЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЛИЧНОСТИ
Authors: Насурова З.А.
Published: May 2021

В статье анализируются основные теоретические подходы к исследованию проблемы самореализации личности, дается их критический анализ и выделяются формы, виды и специфические черты данного феномена. Рассмотрены основные подходы известных авторов, в том числе и современных ученых, которые успели внести свой вклад в развитие психологической науки; представлены факторы успешной интеграции в социальную жизнь, показывающие, что индивид должен на постоянной основе делать те или иные выборы (индивид выбирает формы того, как проводить досуг, поддерживать здоровый образ жизни, а также делает выборы, затрагивающие профессиональную деятельность, сферу образования, межличностные взаимоотношения и пр.).
Studi Literatur Pengaruh Pirolisis, Jenis Adsorban serta Aktivator dalam Karakterisasi Asap Cair
Authors: Sihombing Rony Pasonang , Keryanti Keryanti , Yulistiani Fitria , Permanasari Ayu Ratna
Published: May 2021

Liquid smoke is a preservative solution that can be used safely. This grade 1 product can be also used as food preservative.  The aim of this article is to discuss and examine the previous experiment’s results  by literature review.  The outcome of this article  is expected to be  regenerated  by other research using the existing variable which is discussed on this article or using new variable.  Based on the result. There are some variables that effect the final quality of liquid smoke. Some of them are pyrolisys temperature, pyrolisys time, adsorbant type and activator type. Pyrolisys temperature used was arround 250 °C – 300 °C with resulted pH 1.41 to 2.25.  While for pyrolisys temperature was arround 4 – 5 hours with phenol content arround 3.04% to 4.08%. The type of adsorbant used was zeoilte and quartz sand, which the acid total having both increment and decrement phenomenon. Activator type used were salt activator such as NaCl , NaHCO, CaCl2, Na2SO4 and base activator (NaOH) which producing the most percent acid total.
A multidimensional comparative analysis of the decline in the number
of passengers transported by air in Germany in 2020
Authors: Kozicki Bartosz
Published: May 2021

W opracowaniu przeprowadzono wielowymiarową analizę porównawczą spadku liczby pasażerów przewiezionych transportem lotniczym w Niemczech w 2020 roku. Zestawiono liczbę pasażerów w 2019 i 2020 roku oraz wykonaną prognozę liczby pasażerów przewiezionych w Niemczech na 2020 rok z faktycznie przewiezionymi pasażerami w tym roku. Do prognozowania wykorzystano metodę wygładzania wykładniczego Holta-Wintersa. Uzyskane wyniki badań są ważne w aspekcie planowania i zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego sektora transportu lotniczego w Niemczech.
FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING OF CERTAIN ACTIVITIES AT THE LEVEL OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: KOVAL Lubov
Published: May 2021

The article examines the features of the formation of accounting policies for certain activities. In particular, the definition of foreign economic activity is outlined and its main types are established. In addition, the article presents statistical data on the dynamics of export-import operations of domestic enterprises in the period from 2013 to 2019. The specific features of the accounting reflection of foreign economic transactions, and their impact on the formation of the accounting policy of the business entity. It is established that the process of organizing the accounting of such activities is important for the formation of the accounting policy of foreign economic transactions. In this regard, the algorithm for generating information of analytical and synthetic accounting of export-import operations was presented. An example of the Working Plan of accounts of foreign economic activity as a part of organizational and technical component of accounting policy is given, and the directions of its formation are outlined: by types of foreign currency; by geographical location of the counterparty; according to the type of the selected Incoterms formula according to the moment of transfer of risks and obligations; by types of exported or imported goods; by types of monetary article; on other grounds. It is established that in today's conditions, the automation of the accounting process at any company helps to reduce the time spent on accounting work by accounting staff and allows you to provide timely management staff of the entity with complete and accurate information. In this regard, in carrying out foreign economic activity, it is proposed to use an automated form of accounting, with subsequent reflection of such information in the Order on the accounting policy of the enterprise. The elements of the accounting policy of foreign economic transactions are outlined, taking into account the peculiarities of imports. On the basis of the conducted research the corresponding conclusions are made and the directions of the further research and the reasons of its necessity are specified.
INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE
Authors: KOVALENKO Olga , НARBAR Zhanna
Published: May 2021

The article summarizes and systematizes the features of innovative activity of food industry enterprises in Ukraine. The dynamics of the volume and structure of expenditures of food industry enterprises on innovations is analyzed. The importance of implementing marketing innovations, which are a priority for EU companies, has been clarified. In Ukraine, preference is given to technological and product innovations that give the fastest results. It is proved that the level of innovative activity of Ukrainian food industry enterprises is insufficient to ensure the development of the industry on the basis of an innovative model and effective modernization. Sources of financing of innovative activity of food industry enterprises in Ukraine are characterized. It is established that the key source of funding for innovative development is the own funds of enterprises, which account for more than 80% of all resources.

The problems of innovation development in Ukraine are identified: political instability, lack of rule of law, difficulties in obtaining financial resources, low rates of introduction of information and communication technologies. The advantages of introducing innovations in the food industry are clarified: increase of labor productivity due to automation of production; improving product quality; expansion of product markets; increasing the competitiveness of products. The main results of innovation implementation are clarified: increase of assortment; improving product quality; preservation and expansion of traditional markets; growth of production capacities, reduction of expenses. The priority tasks of the state regulation of innovative development for the near future are determined: stimulation of innovative activity; improving the system of protection of intellectual property rights; development of the state strategy of innovative development of the food industry; preservation and development of human resources.
CURRENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS ROR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN TERMS OF COVID - 19
Authors: KOLESNIK Tatyana
Published: May 2021

Crisis related to distribution of COVID-19 requires significant state involvement in the response, which includes the definition of strategies formation and direct intervention in to the socio-economic processes. Governments of countries are addressing the development of stimulus and recovery packages strategies what have a goal to form in the future necessary potential for society and economy on the whole. In given environment, stable assets are needed, including an inclusive energy system capable of supporting energy development in accordance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Program and the 2016 Paris Agreement, this requires further research of the prospects for innovative development of renewable energy sector in the crisis of COVID-19 in the transition from the use of fossil fuels to the use of renewable energy sources.

Global forecasts from the International Renewable Energy Agency, the International Energy Agency, and the US Energy Information Administration have suggested ways to transform the global energy system. China's hybrid energy market is showing an increase in wind and solar energy production. Reduced costs in the United States have stimulated an increase in renewable energy capacity. In Ukraine, the important role of alternative energy can be identified in the stabilization of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex.

In the article reviews current trends and conditions in the development of the energy sector in the transition from the use of fossil fuels to the use of renewable sources in China, United States and Ukraine in terms of forecasting generation and justification of investment directions. A number of technical challenges and problematic aspects of management in the renewable energy sector in Ukraine are highlighted. Long-term goals are proposed for all stakeholders of the energy system in the transition from the use of traditional fuel to the use of biopropellant. The conceptual principles and prospects of scientific research in the formation of the National Renewable Energy Development Plan until 2030 are also outlined.
ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN THE SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS
Authors: KOVALCHUK Svitlana
Published: May 2021

Climate problems, the state of the environment, the Covid-19 crisis are the main problems of today that directly affect agricultural production and as a consequence the sustainable development of rural areas. The article analyzes the factors of reorientation of agricultural production to organic production. Emphasis is placed on preserving local agricultural traditions and scientifically sound approaches to organic production to ensure sustainable development of rural areas. Using Forsight research, the relationship between balanced rural development and organic production is predicted. The basic strategies of competition have been identified with the help of the five Porter forces, in order to develop a strategy for successful entry into organic markets and maintaining supply chains during the Covid-19 period. Emphasis is placed on high requirements for agricultural products and compliance with environmental standards in their production, which may be an obstacle to further exports of Ukrainian organic products to the EU market. The relationship between the dynamics of organic production and a set of measures and determinants that determine the natural resources and production and technical conditions of rural development is substantiated using the SMART-method. It is argued that organic production is a resource basis for the development of strategies to increase the production of agricultural products, finished food products and sustainable development of rural areas.
The importance of organic production during the COVID-19 crisis is outlined. It is proved that there is practically no alternative to the development of agriculture under the organic scenario in the system of sustainable development of rural areas in the long run.
Cubic differential systems with 2-invariant straight lines
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES TIRASPOL STATE UNIVERSITY 5 GH. IABLOCIKIN , MD2069 CHISINAU, REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA E-mail address: dcozma@gmail.com, COZMA DUMITRU
Published: May 2021

For cubic differential system with a singular point O(0, 0) of a center or a focus type having three invariant straight lines of which one is 2-invariant it is proved that the origin is a center if and only if the first five Lyapunov quantities vanish.
Fixed points for mappings defined on pseudometric spaces
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF ALGEBRA GEOMETRY AND TOPOLOGY TIRASPOL STATE UNIVERSITY 5 GH. IABLOCIKIN, MD2069 CHISINAU, REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA E-mail address: mmchoban@gmail.com, CHOBAN MITROFAN M.
Published: May 2021

In this article, the distinct classes of continuous pseudometrics and metrics (perfect, quasi-perfect, sequentially complete pseudometrics and metrics) are defined and studied in depth. The conditions under which the set of fixed points of a given mapping of a space with concrete pseudometric is non-empty are determined. Some examples are proposed. For spaces with pseudometrics there are proved the Bishop-Phelps, Takahashi, Caristy and other theorems.
On a functional Fredholm integral equation, via the technique of nonexpansive operators
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE FACULTY OF SCIENCES NORTH UNIVERSITY CENTER AT BAIA MARE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA VICTORIEI 76, 430122 BAIA MARE, ROMANIA E-mail address: lauranmonica@yahoo.com, LAURAN MONICA
Published: May 2021

In this paper we present one result relative to existence of solutions of the functional Fredholm integral equation with deviating argument by nonexpansive operators technique ... in a subset of a Banach space.
On the boundary of algebraic radicals in topological (n,m)-semirings
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE NORTH UNIVERSITY CENTER AT BAIA MARE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA VICTORIEI 76, 430122 BAIA MARE, ROMANIA E-mail address: adina p 2006@yahoo.com, POP ADINA
Published: May 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate some properties for an ideal radical and an ideal radical boundary in a commutative Hausdorff topological (n, m)−semiring. We are going to give some generalizations of results due to Shum [Shum, K. P, On the boundary of algebraic radicals in topological semigroups, Acta Mathematica Acad. Scient. Hung., 25 (1974), No. (1-2), 15–19], Chow [Chow, H. L., Remarks on boundaries in semigroups , Period. Math. Hungar., 7 (1976), No. 2, 137–139] relative to semigroups and due Maria S. Pop [Pop, M. S., On boundary in topological n-semigroups, Mathematica, 22 (45) (1980), No. 1, 127–130] relative to n-semigroups.
Some remarks on the Krasnoselskij iterative method
Authors:   COLEGIUL NATIONAL IANCU DE HUNEDOARA HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA E-mail address: marinescuds@gmail.com, MARINESCU DAN STEFAN , MONEA MIHAI ,   COLEGIUL NATIONAL DECEBAL DEVA, ROMANIA E-mail address: mihaimonea@yahoo.com
Published: May 2021

In this paper we deal with some convergence results regarding the Krasnoselskij iterative scheme. New proofs for known results like Proposition 3.2 or Theorem 1.1 as well as new results like Proposition 3.4 or Proposition 4.5, are presented.
Testing artificial neural network for hand gesture recognition
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN KASSAI 26, 4010 DEBRECEN, HUNGARY E-mail address: sutojozsef001@gmail.com, SUTO JOZSEF , ONIGA STEFAN ,   DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN KASSAI 26, 4010 DEBRECEN, HUNGARY E-mail address: istvan.oniga@inf.unideb.hu
Published: May 2021

Neural networks are well applicable for gesture recognition. In this article we want to present the result of an artificial feed forward network for a simplified hand gesture recognition problem. In neural networks, the learning algorithm is very important because the performance of neural network depends on it. One of the most known learning algorithm is the backpropagation. There are some mathematical software which provides acceptable result for a given problem by a backpropagation based network, but in some cases a high-level programming language implemented program can provide better solution. The main topics of the article cover the structure of the test environment, the mathematical background of the implemented methods, some programming remarks and the test results.
About the implementation and some applications of the FIXPOINT software minipackage
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE NORTH UNIVERSITY CENTER AT BAIA MARE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA VICTORIEI 76, 430122, BAIA MARE, ROMANIA E-mail address: andrei.bozantan@gmail.com, BOZANTAN ANDREI , BERINDE VASILE ,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE NORTH UNIVERSITY CENTER AT BAIA MARE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA VICTORIEI 76, 430122, BAIA MARE, ROMANIA  E-mail address: vberinde@ubm.ro
Published: May 2021

The main aim of this note is to briefly present the implementation, main features and some current and potential applications of the software minipackage FIXPOINT, designed and implemented by the first author and used by the second author in solving some concrete problems.
Fixed point theorems for multivalued generalized contractions of rational type in complete metric spaces
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS BABES-BOLYAI UNIVERSITY CLUJ-NAPOCA KOGALNICEANU 1, 400084 CLUJ-NAPOCA, ROMANIA E-mail address: anca.oprea@math.ubbcluj.ro, OPREA ANCA M.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present some fixed point theorems for multivalued contractions of rational type. We extend the results of I. Cabrera, J. Harjani and K. Sadarangan, A fixed point theorem for contractions of rational type in partially ordered metric spaces, Annali dellUniversita di Ferrara, DOI 10.1007/s11565-013-0176-x, to the case of multivalued operators.
Fixed point theorems for multivalued generalized contractions with respect to two topologically equivalent metrics
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS BABES-BOLYAI UNIVERSITY CLUJ-NAPOCA KOGALNICEANU 1, 400084 CLUJ-NAPOCA, ROMANIA E-mail address: coroian.iulia@gmail.com, COROIAN IULIA
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we will present some fixed point results for multivalued almost contractions with respects to two topologically equivalent Hausdorff type metrics.
Generalized Pell numbers, balancing numbers and binary quadratic forms
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ULUDAG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE BURSA, TURKIYE E-mail address: tekcan@uludag.edu.tr, TEKCAN AHMET , TAYAT MERVE ,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ULUDAG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE BURSA, TURKIYE E-mail address: mervetayat07@gmail.com
Published: May 2021

In this work, we derive some algebraic identities on generalized Pell numbers and their relationship with balancing numbers. Also we deduce some results on binary quadratic forms involving Pell and balancing numbers.
Integrability of trigonometric series with coefficients from the class K
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS UNIVERSITY OF PRISHTINA FACULTY OF EDUCATION AVENUE MOTHER THERESA 5, 10000 PRISHTINE, KOSOVE E-mail address: xhevat.krasniqi@uni-pr.edu, KRASNIQI XHEVAT Z.
Published: May 2021

In this paper we deal with a class of sine and cosine trigonometric series. We have imposed some conditions on their coefficients so that their sums will be integrable with the exception of two points. In fact, some estimates of the integrals of the absolute values of their sums, expressed in terms of the coefficients, are obtain extending some results of a paper Telyakovski˘ı, S. A., Localizing the conditions of integrability of trigonometric series, Trudy Mat. Inst. Steklov., 210 (1995), 264–273 (Russian).
Investigating the effectiveness of advertising on declining social networks
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN 26 KASSAI UT, DEBRECEN, HUNGARY E-mail address: kocsis.gergely@inf.unideb.hu, KOCSIS GERGELY , VARGA IMRE ,   DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN 26 KASSAI UT, DEBRECEN, HUNGARY E-mail address: varga.imre@inf.unideb.hu
Published: May 2021

In this paper we aim to investigate the question if it’s worth it to advertise on declining social networks or not. Our investigations are based on computer simulations using a previously defined and here simplified model of information spreading. To make our results as close to the real life as possible we run simulations both on a real network sample and on several generated networks representing as well classical scale-free-like social topologies as declining social networks. As a result we found how the continuous destruction of the network affects the spreading, changing also the effectiveness of the advertising.
Properties and inequalities for the h- and (h, m)-logarithmically convex functions
Authors:   COLLEGE OF MATHEMATICS INNER MONGOLIA UNIVERSITY FOR NATIONALITIES TONGLIAO CITY, INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION, 028043, CHINA E-mail address: baoyintu78@imun.edu.cn, baoyintu78@qq.com, baoyintu68@sohu.com, XI BO-YAN , WANG SHU-HONG ,   COLLEGE OF MATHEMATICS INNER MONGOLIA UNIVERSITY FOR NATIONALITIES TONGLIAO CITY, INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION, 028043, CHINA E-mail address: shuhong7682@163.com, QI FENG ,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, CLOLLEGE OF SCIENCE TIANJIN POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY TIANJIN CITY, 300387, CHINA E-mail address: qifeng618@gmail.com, qifeng618@hotmail.com, qifeng618@qq.com URL: http://qifeng618.wordpress.com
Published: May 2021

In the paper, the authors introduce definitions of h-logarithmically convex functions and (h, m)-logarithmically convex functions respectively, discuss some properties of these kinds of functions, and establish some integral inequalities for these kinds of functions.
Effectiveness, safety, and economic impact of the bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide regimen in real clinical practice cohort of HIV-1 infected adult patients
Authors: Gutiérrez-Lorenzo Marta , Rubio-Calvo Daniel , Urda-Romacho Joaquín ,   Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Agencia Pública Sanitaria Hospital de Poniente. El Ejido, Almería. Spain
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Among the new antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens, bictegravir (BIC) stands out, a recently incorporated integrase inhibitor. BIC conjugated with emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has been shown to be non-inferior in efficacy as initiation therapy in a single daily dose regimen compared to other initiation ART. The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of the inclusion of this new ART scheme in real clinical practice. Material and methods. Observational, retrospective and descriptive study that included all adult HIV patients (age ≥18 years) who had been treated with BIC/FTC/TAF for at least 24 consecutive weeks for 1.5 year to evaluate effectiveness, safety and economic impact. Results. A total of 115 patients were included. There were 28 patients without previous treatment, naive, (24.3%). The pretreated patients had a mean of 42±9 months of prior ART. The percentage of patients at week 24 after switching to BIC/FTC/TAF with suppressed plasma viral load was 88% in the naive group and 94.1% in the pretreated group. Adverse events were reported in 8 (7%) patients. The economic impact of the change to BIC/FTC/TAF for these patients was €1,202.63/patient/year, representing an increase of 9.3%. Conclusions. Our results correlate with the results of two phase 3 non-inferiority clinical trials in naive patients (88% and 84%) and those of a phase 3 non-inferiority clinical trial in pretreated patients (86%). However, we found a large difference between the high percentages of patients reporting an adverse event in three phase 3 clinical trials and our results.
Predicting college students' future intentions to engage in public-sphere water conservation behaviors
Authors: Wise Austin , Johnson Donald , Wardlow George , Jogan Kathi
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe selected college students’ (N = 252) perceptions of and future intentions (FI) to engage in public-sphere water conservation behaviors, and to determine if FI could be predicted by a single or linear combination of student demographic characteristics  and latent variables. A majority of respondents agreed a growing population will negatively affect water quantity (90.5%) and there is a need for water resource management (85.6%). A majority disagreed or strongly disagreed that they (53.4%), their family (57.1%), or their friends (67.5%) practiced water conservation, or that people in their hometowns were concerned about local water availability (78.1%). A majority agreed they would engage in four of five public-sphere water conservation behaviors in the future: support water conservation programs (86.4%), care more deeply about water conservation (81.2%), join a water conservation organization (79.2%), and vote for stricter water use laws (55.0%). Fewer than one-half agreed or strongly agreed they would donate money to support water conservation (45.8%). Responses to statements concerning water conservation were factor analyzed and two factors were extracted: lack of agency (LA) and subjective norms (SN). A linear combination of gender, LA, and SN explained 36.7% of the variance in FI.
Some features of tourism development on the left bank of the Charvak reservoir
Authors:   Phd, Associate Professor, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami,, Hatamovich Abdullaev Ilhom , Ravshan Kizi Ubaydullaeva Shodiya ,   Student Of Geography And Economics, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami
Published: May 2021

The article examines the features of the development of tourism, in particular in Uzbekistan, its natural and socio-economic prerequisites, types of tourism in the region. The issues of the emergence of certain types of tourism in the Bostanlyk district of the Tashkent region are considered. Religious tourism, which is widely developed in this region, plays a special role in the development of tourism, especially for local tourism. Specifically, materials on the development of thеsе species are given on a specific example in the village of Bogistan, the natural and social conditions of its formation.
Icilio Guareschi and his amazing “1897 reaction”
Authors: Tron Gian Cesare , Minassi Alberto , Sorba Giovanni , Fausone Mara , Appendino Giovanni
Published: May 2021

Organic chemistry honors Icilio Guareschi (1847–1918) with three eponymic reactions, the best known ones being the Guareschi synthesis of pyridones and the Guareschi–Lustgarten reaction. A third Guareschi reaction, the so-called “Guareschi 1897 reaction”, is one of the most unusual reactions in organic chemistry, involving the radical-mediated paradoxical aerobic generation of hydrocarbons in near-neutral water solution. A discussion of the mechanism of this amazing reaction, the only metal-free process that generates hydrocarbons, and the implications of the approach in biology and geosciences mirrors the multifaceted scientific personality of the discoverer. Thus, Guareschi’s eclectic range of activities spans a surprising variety of topics, overcoming the boundaries of the traditional partition of chemistry into organic, inorganic, and analytical branches and systematically crosses the divide between pure and applied science as well as between the history of chemistry and the personal contributions to its development.
Anomi Kavramını İnternet Ortamlarındaki Kullanım Pratikleri Üzerinden Yeniden Düşünmek: Dijitanomi
Authors: KAYA Sertaç , KILIÇ Burhan
Published: May 2021

Bireylerin yaşam sürerken gerçekleştirdiği neredeyse tüm etkinlikler artık dijital araçlar dolayımıyla sanal bir ortamda gerçekleşebilmektedir. Bu durum, dijital bir toplumun varlığından söz edebilmeyi de mümkün hâle getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Durkheim ve Merton’un “anomi” kavramı ile ilgili tanımlamaları ve açıklamaları ışığında, dijital-sanal alanlarda varlık gösteren bireylerin gerçekleştirdiği etkinliklerin, teknolojinin hızına ulaşamayan yasal düzenlemelerin eksikliği nedeniyle dijital bir anomi durumuna yol açıp açmadığı incelenmektedir. İnternet kullanıcılarının gerçekleştirdiği kimi etkinliklerde yasal durum hakkında bilgi sahibi olmadıkları veya kendi amaçlarına erişmek adına yasal durumu çok fazla umursamadıkları düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca internet dolayımı ile dijital ortamda etkinlik gerçekleştiren kullanıcılar, maddi bir karşılık verilerek sahip olunabilecek eserlere ve içeriklere ücretsiz bir şekilde ulaşabilmekte (internet erişim ücreti hariç tutulduğunda), aslında yasal olmayan faaliyetler gerçekleştirebilmektedir (yasa dışı bahis oynamak, yasaklı cinsel içeriklere ulaşmak, film-dizi-müzik-pdf kitap indirmek vb.). Çalışmada bu etkinliklerin durumunun saptanması adına TÜİK’in (2018) yaptığı araştırmada interneti en yoğun olarak kullandığı tespit edilen 18-24 yaş aralığında bulunan, İstanbul'da ikamet eden, üniversite öğrencisi olan internet kullanıcılarına bir anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma deseni olan betimsel tarama içerisinde yer alan ve önemli bir veri toplama kaynağı olarak görüldüğünden dolayı anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Hazırlanan anket, internet ortamında dağıtılmış ve kolayda örnekleme yoluyla veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda yasal düzenlemelerdeki yetersizlik ve yaptırımların caydırıcılığının az olması nedeniyle kullanıcıların telifli ürünlere ve içeriklere bedelsiz olarak ulaşmasının dijital anomiyi ortaya çıkardığı görülmüş ve bu durumu tanımlamak için “Dijitanomi-Digitanomie” kavramının kullanılması önerilmiştir.
Panorama da diversidade produtiva e de renda na agropecuária brasileira: uma breve incursão nos dados do censo de 2017
Authors: Santos Gesmar Rosa dos , Santana Adrielli Santos de
Published: May 2021

Este artigo destaca dados do censo agropecuário que mostram a complexidade do ambiente de atuação da política agrícola e de seus instrumentos, tendo em vista a heterogeneidade da agricultura. Destacam-se, também, os aspectos regionais e de grupos de produtores a partir de variáveis que mostram suas dificuldades e desafios, ilustrando aspectos da pluriatividade e da multifuncionalidade dos estabelecimentos.
TD 2648 - Empréstimos com Amortizações Condicionadas à Renda: cenários de financiamento de estudantes de ensino superior no Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Paulo Meyer
Published: May 2021

Empréstimos com amortizações condicionadas à renda (ECRs) são um financiamento que otimiza as eficiências transacionais envolvidas no monopólio governamental de tributação da renda pessoal. Protege o devedor contra períodos de baixa renda, pois as amortizações variam de acordo com as flutuações no seu rendimento ao longo da vida. Há décadas conjugam proteção social com sustentabilidade fiscal no financiamento de estudantes de ensino superior em número crescente de países. Este trabalho simula desenhos alternativos de ECR para financiamento estudantil no Brasil. Funções de cópula são aplicadas para captar padrões de mobilidade na distribuição de rendimentos das pessoas com nível superior encontradas na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio Contínua (PNAD Contínua) nos anos 2014 e 2015. Daí padrões de amortização são simulados para hipotéticos desenhos de ECR. Os resultados permitem avaliar implicações fiscais e distributivas relacionadas a alguns parâmetros, como taxas de juros, alíquotas e faixas de pagamento. Trata-se de uma avaliação ex ante de uma alternativa para o financiamento estudantil no Brasil perante as restrições fiscais por que passam os orçamentos públicos. Os melhores desenhos, em termos de acessibilidade para graduados e tamanho dos subsídios do contribuinte, envolvem ECRs com sobretaxas de 25% adicionadas aos montantes iniciais dos empréstimos, taxas de juros no nível do custo de financiamento do governo cobradas depois de finalizado o curso, juro real zero durante a fase de estudos e para egressos com renda dentro da faixa de isenção do Imposto de Renda Pessoa Física (IRPF) e taxas progressivas de pagamento alinhadas com as faixas de tributação da renda pessoal e equivalentes à metade das respectivas alíquotas para fins de IRPF.
TD 2655 - Educação Superior e Sobre-Educação no Brasil entre 1980 e 2010
Authors: Reis Mauricio Cortez
Published: May 2021

Este estudo procura investigar o comportamento observado no Brasil entre 1980 e 2010 para a proporção de trabalhadores com ensino superior em ocupações com menor exigência ocupacional. Utilizando informações de quatro edições do Censo Demográfico, os resultados indicam que alterações no perfil dos trabalhadores brasileiros com formação superior (incluindo características demográficas e por área de formação) representam em torno de 30% do aumento de 10 pontos percentuais (p.p.) verificado no período. A composição dos trabalhadores por área de estudo se destaca como o fator mais importante. De acordo com as estimativas, o aumento da sobre-educação no Brasil teria sido expressivo mesmo que as características individuais observáveis dos trabalhadores tivessem permanecido as mesmas de 1980, quando uma parcela muito pequena da população possuía esse nível educacional.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Giresun Şehir Algısı
Authors: CİNEL Mehmet Ozan , KARADENİZ Cemile
Published: May 2021

Kent çalışmaları mimarlık, coğrafya, sosyoloji ve turizm gibi birçok disiplinin kendine özgü yaklaşımları ile ele alınmaktadır. Günümüz şehirlerinin gelişiminde üniversiteler önemli bir lokomotif güç olarak görülmektedir. Bu nedenle üniversite öğrencilerinin öğrenim gördüğü şehre yönelik görüş ve değerlendirmeleri önemlidir. Bir şehrin engellerini görmek, eksik yönlerini tamamlamak, olumsuz yönlerini düzeltmek ve problemlerini çözmek, her açıdan gelişmesine dolayısıyla kalkınmasına katkıda bulunmak için şehirsel mekânın anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın konusunu Giresun şehrindeki üniversite öğrencilerinin şehre yönelik algıları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Giresun Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin Giresun şehri ve halkına yönelik algılarının ne yönde ve düzeyde olduğunu tespit etmek, açıklamak, değerlendirmek ve olası ilişkileri ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Genel tarama modelinde yapılan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 1110 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada Giresun Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin algıları 2019 yılı Eylül-Aralık dönemleri arasında cinsiyet, gelir durumu, geldikleri şehir gibi değişkenlere göre incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin Giresun şehrine yönelik genel algıları orta düzeyde olumlu bulunmuştur. Giresunlu olma, sınıf, öğrencinin yaşadığı yerleşme türü, aylık harcama miktarı gibi değişkenlere göre şehre yönelik algılarda anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Belirlenen algılara yönelik Giresun şehrinin avantaj ve dezavantajları kentin planlayıcılarının ve karar vericilerinin dikkatine sunulmaktadır.