bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Identification of Culicoides Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand
Authors: Kamyingkird Ketsarin , Choocherd Suchada , Chimnoi Wissanuwat , Klinkaew Nutsuda , Kengradomkij Chanya , Phoosangwalthong Pornkamol , Thammasonthijarern Nipa , Pattanatanang Khampee , Inpankaew Tawin , Phasuk Jumnongjit , Nimsuphan Burin
Published: April 2023

African horse sickness (AHS) was reported as an outbreak in Thailand in 2020. Hematophagous insects from the genus Culicoides are the suspected vector responsible for AHS transmission. Horses in Hua Hin district, Prachuab Khiri Khan province, Thailand, were affected and died from AHS in 2020. However, the potential Culicoides species and its host preference blood meal in the affected areas are unknown. To investigate the potential vectors of AHS, Culicoides were collected using ultraviolet light traps placed near horse stables. Six horse farms, including five farms with AHS history and one farm without AHS history, were included in this study. Morphological and molecular identification of the Culicoides species was performed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the cytochrome b oxidase I (COXI) gene for confirmation of the Culicoides species, identification of the prepronociceptin (PNOC) gene for host preference blood meal, and bidirectional sequencing were conducted. Consequently, 1008 female Culicoides were collected, consisting of 708 and 300 samples captured at positions A and B at a distance of <2 and >5 m from the horse, respectively. Twelve Culicoides species identified by morphology were noted, including C. oxystoma (71.92%), C. imicola (20.44%), C. actoni (2.28%), C. flavipunctatus (1.98%), C. asiana (0.99%), C. peregrinus (0.60%), C. huffi (0.60%), C. brevitarsis (0.40%), C. innoxius (0.30%), C. histrio (0.30%), C. minimus (0.10%), and C. geminus (0.10%). The PCR detection of the Culicoides COXI gene confirmed Culicoides species in 23 DNA samples. PCR targeting the PNOC gene revealed that the Culicoides collected in this study fed on Equus caballus (86.25%), Canis lupus familiaris (6.25%), Sus scrofa (3.75%), and Homo sapiens (3.75%) for their blood meal. Human blood was identified from two samples of C. oxystoma and a sample of C. imicola. Three dominant species including C. oxystoma, C. imicola, and C. actoni that were reported in the Hua Hin area prefer to feed on horse blood. Moreover, C. oxystoma, C. imicola, and C. bravatarsis also feed on canine blood. This study revealed the species of Culicoides in Hua Hin district, Thailand, after the AHS outbreak.
Edge Effects in the Distribution of Coleoptera in the Forests of the Center of the European Part of Russia
Authors: Ruchin Alexander B. , Egorov Leonid V. , Khapugin Anatoliy A.
Published: April 2023

Forest edges, which are ecotones, have a significant impact on the spatial distribution of many Coleoptera species. This research was carried out in 2020–2022 on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia (the center of the European part of Russia). Beer traps (with a bait made of beer with sugar) were used to collect Coleoptera. Four plots were selected for the research, which differed in the composition of plants on the edges, adjacent open ecosystems, and types of forest ecosystems. The forest adjoined closely to this open ecosystem. Inside the forest interior, at 300–350 m, a control inner section of the forest with a closed canopy was selected. There were eight traps on each site: edge–below, edge–above, forest interior–below, and forest interior–above, with two traps in each plot. These traps were located at a height of 1.5 (below) and 7.5 m (above) above the ground on tree branches. In total, more than 13,000 specimens from 35 families were recorded. Cerambycidae, Nitidulidae, Curculionidae, and Elateridae had the greatest species diversity. Nitidulidae (71.6% of all individuals), Curculionidae (8.3%), Scarabaeidae (7.7%), and Cerambycidae (2.4%) predominated in total number. There were 13 species common to all plots. At the same time, only four species were found in all traps (Protaetia marmorata, Cryptarcha strigata, Glischrochilus grandis, and Soronia grisea). The abundance of P. marmorata on all plots at an altitude of 7.5 m on the edges was greater. G. grandis prevailed in the lower traps. The abundance of C. strigata and S. grisea varied depending on the location of the trap on different plots. The general pattern was the greatest species diversity of Coleoptera on the edges in the lower traps. At the same time, the total number of all species on the edges was lower. At the edges, the Shannon index was practically always higher or equal to similar indicators in traps located in the forest interior. According to the average values of all plots, it turned out that the number of species of saproxylic Coleoptera prevails inside forest areas, and the largest number of saproxiles was found in the upper traps. An interesting feature for all plots was a more significant relative number of anthophilic species at the edge in the upper traps.
A Spectroscopic Evaluation of the Generation Process of Semiconductor Nanoparticles (ZnO) by DC Arc Plasma
Authors: Deep Raj , Akazawa Takuma , Yoshida Toshiyuki , Fujita Yasuhisa
Published: April 2023

The fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) was monitored and studied in situ by controlling the plasma parameters of the direct current (DC) arc plasma system, such as the current density and chamber pressure. The optical emission signature of nitrogen was spectroscopically studied using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) techniques, and it showed a dependency on the nitrogen concentration in the ZnO nanoparticles in relation to the output of the ZnO NPs-based homojunction light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The synthesized NPs had a good crystalline quality and hexagonal wurtzite structure, and they were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The photoluminescence properties of the ZnO NPs and the optical and electrical parameters of the LEDs were also analyzed and correlated. The results indicate that the nitrogen dopants act as acceptors in the ZnO NPs and are favored in low plasma temperatures during fabrication. We anticipate that the results can provide an effective way to realize reliable nitrogen-doped p-type ZnO and tremendously encourage the development of low-dimensional ZnO homojunction LEDs.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Parenteral P2Y12 Inhibitors: Rationale, Evidence, and Future Directions
Authors: Alagna Giulia , Mazzone Paolo , Contarini Marco , Andò Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), consisting of the combination of aspirin and an inhibitor of the platelet P2Y12 receptor for ADP, remains among the most investigated treatments in cardiovascular medicine. While a substantial amount of research initially stemmed from the observations of late and very late stent thrombosis events in the first-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) era, DAPT has been recently transitioning from a purely stent-related to a more systemic secondary prevention strategy. Oral and parenteral platelet P2Y12 inhibitors are currently available for clinical use. The latter have been shown to be extremely suitable in drug-naïve patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), mainly because oral P2Y12 inhibitors are associated with delayed efficacy in patients with STEMI and because pre-treatment with P2Y12 inhibitors is discouraged in NSTE-ACS, and in patients with recent DES implantation and in need of urgent cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. More definitive evidence is needed, however, about optimal switching strategies between parenteral and oral P2Y12 inhibitors and about newer potent subcutaneous agents that are being developed for the pre-hospital setting.
Usefulness of the Duke Activity Status Index to Assess Exercise Capacity and Predict Risk Stratification in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Zhou Haofeng , Wang Yu , Li Weiya , Yang Lifang , Liao Yingxue , Xu Mingyu , Zhang Caojin , Ma Huan
Published: April 2023

Exercise capacity is an important component of risk assessment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We investigated the association of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) with peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2) and explored whether the DASI can discriminate the high-risk individuals in patients with PAH, according to peakVO2 < 11 mL/min/kg. A total of 89 patients were evaluated using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and DASI. The correlation between the DASI and peakVO2 was measured by univariate analysis, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted. The DASI was correlated with peakVO2 in the univariate analysis. The ROC curve analysis revealed that the DASI had a discriminative value for identifying the individuals with a high risk in PAH patients (p < 0.001), with an area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67–0.92). Similar results were observed in patients with PAH associated with congenital heart disease (CHD–PAH), (p = 0.001), with an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.658–0.947). Therefore, DASI reflects exercise capacity in patients with PAH and has good ability to discriminate patients with a low risk and a high risk, and it may be included in the risk assessment of PAH.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Interventions for the Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Leong Xin Yi , Gopinath Divya , Syeed Sakil M. , Veettil Sajesh K. , Shetty Naresh Yedthare , Menon Rohit Kunnath
Published: April 2023

Background: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to assess comparative efficacy and safety of interventions to treat symptomatic, biopsy-proven oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: Search was conducted for trials published in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Network meta-analysis was performed on data from randomized controlled trials that assessed efficacy and safety of interventions used in the treatment of OLP. Agents were ranked according to their effectiveness in treatment of OLP based on outcomes using surface under the cumulative ranking [SUCRA]. Results: In total, 37 articles were included in the quantitative analysis. Purslane was clinically significant and ranked first in improving clinical symptoms [RR = 4.53; 95% CI: 1.45, 14.11], followed by aloe vera [RR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.24], topical calcineurin [RR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.81] and topical corticosteroid [RR = 1.35 95% CI: 1.05, 1.73]. Topical calcineurin demonstrated the highest incidence of adverse effects [RR, 3.25 [95% CI: 1.19, 8.86. Topical corticosteroids were significant in achieving clinical improvement of OLP with RR1.37 [95% CI: 1.03, 1.81]. PDT [MD = −5.91 [95% CI: −8.15, –3.68] and showed statistically significant improvement in the clinical score for OLP. Conclusions: Purslane, aloe vera and photodynamic therapy appear promising in treatment of OLP. More high-quality trials are recommended for strengthening the evidence. Although topical calcineurin is significantly efficacious in the treatment of OLP, significant adverse effects are a concern for clinical use. Based on the current evidence, topical corticosteroids are recommended for treatment of OLP owing to their predictable safety and efficacy.
Robot-Assisted Epiretinal Membrane Peeling: A Prospective Assessment of Pre- and Intra-Operative Times and of Surgeons’ Subjective Perceptions
Authors: Turgut Ferhat , Somfai Gábor Márk , Heussen Florian M. , Eberle Alexander , de Smet Marc D. , Becker Matthias D.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The Preceyes Surgical System (PSS) is a robotic assistive device that may enhance surgical precision. This study assessed pre- and intra-operative times and surgeons’ perceptions of robot-assisted epiretinal membrane peeling (RA-MP). Methods: We analyzed the time requirement of three main tasks: the preparation of the PSS (I), patient preparation (II), and surgery (III). Following surgery, the surgeons were asked questions about their experience. Results: RA-MP was performed in nine eyes of nine patients. Task I required an average time of 12.3 min, initially taking 15 min but decreasing to 6 min in the last surgery. Task II showed a mean time of 47.2 (range of 36–65) min. Task III had a mean time of 72.4 (range of 57–100) min. A mean time of 27.9 (range of 9–46) min was necessary for RA-MP. The responses to the questionnaire revealed a trend towards increasing ease and reduced stress as familiarity with the PSS increased. Conclusions: A substantial reduction in pre- and intra-operative times, decreasing to a total of 115 min, was demonstrated. RA-MP was positively anticipated by the surgeons and led to no hand or arm strain while being more complex than manual MP.
Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence II: A Potential Biomarker to Differentiate Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma from Pancreatic Benign Lesions and Predict Vascular Invasion
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Guangbing , Zhang Yu , Cui Yunfeng , Liu Jun
Published: April 2023

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant gastrointestinal tumor with a poor prognosis. Serum biomarker carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was the only well-established biomarker for PDAC with inadequate efficacy. This present study aimed to determine the ability of PIVKA-II to discriminate PDAC from pancreatic benign lesions and predict vascular invasion preoperatively. Methods: Patients who underwent pancreatic surgery from 2017 to 2020 were enrolled. We examined the differential diagnostic ability of protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II), CA19-9, and their combination and 138 with PDAC evaluated the predictive value of PIVKA-II for vascular invasion in PDAC. Methods: A total of 138 patients with PDAC and 90 patients with pancreatic benign lesions who underwent pancreatic surgery from 2017 to 2020 were enrolled. The clinicopathological characteristics were recorded. Results: There was a significant difference in levels of serum PIVKA-II between PDAC patients and patients with pancreatic benign lesions (p < 0.001). When the cut-off value was set to 28.9 mAU/mL according to the ROCs, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of PIVKA-II were 0.787, 68.1%, and 83.3%, respectively. The combined PIVKA-II and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) enhanced the diagnostic accuracy, and the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.945, 87.7%, and 94.4%, respectively. PIVKA-II > 36.4 mAU/mL were independent predictive factors of vascular invasion in PDAC (p < 0.001). Conclusion: PIVKA-II was a potential diagnostic biomarker to differentiate PDAC from pancreatic benign lesions. PIVKA-II was complementary to CA19-9, and the combination enhanced the differential diagnostic performance. PIVKA-II > 36.4 mAU/mL was an independent predictive factor of vascular invasion in PDAC.
Incidence and Clinical Relevance of Incidental Papillary Carcinoma in Thyroidectomy for Multinodular Goiters
Authors: Bove Aldo , Manunzio Roberto , Palone Gino , Di Renzo Raffaella Marina , Calabrese Giulia Valeria , Perpetuini David , Barone Mirko , Chiarini Stella , Mucilli Felice
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Patients undergoing a total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter typically have a long clinical history of the disease. They often come to surgery for compression symptoms, with no suspicion of neoplastic disease. For these patients, the incidence of microcarcinomas is high, even though we know that this does not affect subsequent therapies and long-term survival. On the other hand, when a true incidental carcinoma is present, the patient requires specific therapy and long-term follow-up. The purpose of the study was to identify the incidence of incidental carcinomas in the high prevalence region of goiter, the clinical-pathological characteristics of the tumor, and the therapeutic implications. Method: This is a retrospective study, from January 2010 to December 2020, on a case series of 1435 total thyroidectomies for goiters. All patients had a preoperative diagnosis of a benign disease. Gender, mean age, and mean duration from the initial diagnosis of goiter were evaluated along with the number and frequency of fine needle aspirations carried out. On the basis of the histological examination, the incidence of incidental carcinoma was then assessed (diameter ≥ 10 mm) as well as the incidence of microcarcinoma (diameter < 10 mm), the pathological characteristics (multifocality, capsular invasion), and the subsequent prescribed therapies. Results: Patients with incidental carcinoma numbered 41 (2.8%%), 34 women and 7 men. The mean age was 53.5 years, while the patients diagnosed with microcarcinoma were 88 (6.1%). The mean duration of the disease from initial diagnosis was 7.8 years. On average, these patients underwent 1.8 fine needle aspirations during the course of the disease, almost exclusively in the first four years. The mean diameter of the tumor was 1.35 cm (±0.3). Multifocality was present in six patients, while only one patient presented capsular invasion. The chi-square test delivered a significant dependence on gender in terms of the incidental diagnosis after Yates correction (chi-stat = 5.064; p = 0.024), highlighting a higher incidence in the female population. All patients underwent subsequent metabolic radiotherapy. The mean follow-up was 6.3 years and in the 35 patients examined, none displayed any recurrence of the disease. Conclusions: Incidental carcinoma is not uncommon in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy for goiters. It must be differentiated from microcarcinoma for its therapeutic implications and the follow-up of the patient. Statistical analysis has shown that the only significant variable is gender. In a goiter area, the careful monitoring of patients is required to highlight suspicious clinical–instrumental aspects that may appear even several years after the initial diagnosis.
Timing of Antithrombotic Secondary Prevention in Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage after Stroke Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy
Authors: Reale Giuseppe , Caliandro Pietro , Moreira Tiago T. P. , Almqvist Håkan , Giovannini Silvia , Grannas David , Kotopouli Maria Ioanna , Laurienzo Andrea , Löfberg Harald , Moci Marco , Sköldblom Sebastian , Valente Iacopo , Zauli Aurelia , Holmin Staffan , Mazya Michael V.
Published: April 2023

In patients with acute ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of infarcted tissue frequently occurs after reperfusion treatment. We aimed to assess whether HT and its severity influences the start of secondary prevention therapy and increases the risk of stroke recurrence. In this retrospective dual-center study, we recruited ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombolysis, thrombectomy or both. Our primary outcome was the time between revascularization and the start of any secondary prevention therapy. The secondary outcome was ischemic stroke recurrence within three months. We compared patients with vs. without HT and no (n = 653), minor (n = 158) and major (n = 51) HT patients using propensity score matching. The delay in the start of antithrombotics or anticoagulants was median 24 h in no HT, 26 h in minor HT and 39 h in major HT. No and minor HT patients had similar rates of any stroke recurrence (3.4% (all ischemic) vs. 2.5% (1.6% ischemic plus 0.9% hemorrhagic)). Major HT patients had a higher stroke recurrence at 7.8% (3.9% ischemic, 3.9% hemorrhagic), but this difference did not reach significance. A total of 22% of major HT patients did not start any antithrombotic treatment during the three-month follow-up. In conclusion, the presence of HT influences the timing of secondary prevention in ischemic stroke patients undergoing reperfusion treatments. Minor HT did not delay the start of antithrombotics or anticoagulants compared to no HT, with no significant difference in safety outcomes. Major HT patients remain a clinical challenge with both a delayed or lacking start of treatment. In this group, we did not see a higher rate of ischemic recurrence; however, this may have been censored by elevated early mortality. While not reaching statistical significance, hemorrhagic recurrence was somewhat more common in this group, warranting further study using larger datasets.
In Vivo Foot Segmental Motion and Coupling Analysis during Midterm Follow-Up after the Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Trimalleolar Fractures
Authors: Hoekstra Harm , Vinckier Olivier , Staes Filip , Berckmans Lisa , Coninx Jolien , Matricali Giovanni , Wuite Sander , Vanstraelen Eline , Deschamps Kevin
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Trimalleolar ankle fractures (TAFs) are common traumatic injuries. Studies have described postoperative clinical outcomes in relation to fracture morphology, but less is known about foot biomechanics, especially in patients treated for TAFs. The aim of this study was to analyze segmental foot mobility and joint coupling during the gait of patients after TAF treatment. Methods: Fifteen patients, surgically treated for TAFs, were recruited. The affected side was compared to their non-affected side, as well as to a healthy control subject. The Rizzoli foot model was used to quantify inter-segment joint angles and joint coupling. The stance phase was observed and divided into sub-phases. Patient-reported outcome measures were evaluated. Results: Patients treated for TAFs showed a reduced range of motion in the affected ankle during the loading response (3.8 ± 0.9) and pre-swing phase (12.7 ± 3.5) as compared to their non-affected sides (4.7 ± 1.1 and 16.1 ± 3.1) and the control subject. The dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint during the pre-swing phase was reduced (19.0 ± 6.5) when compared to the non-affected side (23.3 ± 8.7). The affected side’s Chopart joint showed an increased range of motion during the mid-stance (1.3 ± 0.5 vs. 1.1 ± 0.6). Smaller joint coupling was observed on both the patient-affected and non-affected sides compared to the controls. Conclusion: This study indicates that the Chopart joint compensates for changes in the ankle segment after TAF osteosynthesis. Furthermore, reduced joint-coupling was observed. However, the minimal case numbers and study power limited the effect size of this study. Nevertheless, these new insights could help to elucidate foot biomechanics in these patients, adjusting rehabilitation programs, thereby lowering the risk of postoperative long-term complications.
The Assessment of the Rank of Torque Control during Incisor Retraction and Its Impact on the Resorption of Maxillary Central Incisor Roots According to Incisive Canal Anatomy—Systematic Review
Authors: Kuc Anna Ewa , Kotuła Jacek , Nawrocki Jakub , Babczyńska Alicja , Lis Joanna , Kawala Beata , Sarul Michał
Published: April 2023

Background: Root resorption is one of the complications of orthodontic treatment, and has a varied and unclear aetiology. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between upper incisor resorption and contact with the incisive canal and the risk of resorption during orthodontic treatment associated with upper incisor retraction and torque control. Search methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, the main research question was defined in PICO. Scientific databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for linking keywords: Resorption of roots incisive canal, Resorption of roots nasopalatine canal, Incisive canal retraction and Nasopalatine canal retraction. Selection criteria: No time filters were applied due to the significantly limited number of studies. Publications in the English language were selected. Based on the information provided in the abstracts, articles were selected according to the following criteria: controlled clinical prospective trials and case reports. No randomised clinical trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical prospective trials (CCTs) were found. Articles unrelated to the topic of the planned study were excluded. The literature was reviewed, and the following journals were searched: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, International Orthodontics, Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, Angle Orthodontist, Progress in Orthodontics, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research, Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, European Journal of Orthodontics and Korean Journal of Orthodontics. Data collection and analysis: The articles were subjected to risk of bias and quality assessment using the ROBINS-I tool. Results: Four articles with a total of 164 participants were selected. In all studies, differences in root length were observed after contact with the incisive canal, which was statistically significant. Conclusions and implications: The contact of incisor roots with the incisive canal increases the risk of resorption of these roots. IC anatomy should be considered in orthodontic diagnosis using 3D imaging. The risk of resorption complications can be reduced by appropriate planning of the movement and extent of the incisor roots (torque control) and the possible use of incisor brackets with built-in greater angulation. Registration CRD42022354125.
Visual Disturbances Spectrum in Pediatric Migraine
Authors: Frattale Ilaria , Papetti Laura , Ursitti Fabiana , Sforza Giorgia , Monte Gabriele , Voci Alessandra , Proietti Checchi Martina , Mazzone Luigi , Valeriani Massimiliano
Published: April 2023

Migraine is a complex neurological disorder with partially unknown pathophysiological mechanisms. The prevalence in childhood ranges from 7.7% to 17.8%, thus representing the most frequent primary headache. In half of the cases, migraine is accompanied or preceded by various neurological disturbances, among which the visual aura is the best known. In literature, other conditions, such as Alice in Wonderland Syndrome and Visual Snow syndrome, are characterized by visual manifestations and are often associated with migraine. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the spectrum of visual disturbances in pediatric migraine and their pathophysiological mechanisms.
Immediate Implant and Customized Healing Abutment for a Periodontally Compromised Socket: 1-Year Follow-Up Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Menchini-Fabris Giovanni-Battista , Cosola Saverio , Toti Paolo , Hwan Hwang Myoung , Crespi Roberto , Covani Ugo
Published: April 2023

Immediate dental implant placement with or without immediate loading is reported in daily dentistry and implantology, but these procedures are not common in the case of periradicular and periapical lesions around the tooth needed to be replaced. In the following retrospective evaluation, 10 cases with a 1-year follow-up were selected to propose the technique of an immediate provisional non-loading prosthesis being delivered on the same day of the post-extraction implant placement in multiradicular teeth affected by chronic periradicular and periapical lesions. Post-extractive sockets underwent immediate dental implant placement by filling the empty space with sterile, re-absorbable gelatin sponges. The widths of the alveolar ridge were measured on three-dimensional radiographs before and after the operation, 4 and 12 months later. Non-parametric statistics were performed to compare the outcomes over time with a level of significance of 0.05. Comparing the preoperative cross-sectional images of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans to the postoperative ones, it was noted that changes in the crestal ridge width, ΔCW, (compared to baseline) were negligible and not clinically appreciable. However, while ΔCW at 4 months appeared to be negative (−0.17 ± 045 mm), crestal width at 12 months was at the same level as the baseline (ΔCW = 0.02 ± 0.48 mm), with a significant difference between 4 and 12 months (p-value = 0.0494). Immediate implant placement with an immediate non-loading provisional customized healing abutment of polyether-ether-ketone placed into the post-extractive sockets with asymptomatic and large chronic periapical and periradicular lesions could represent a further treatment strategy for patients’ rehabilitation and soft tissue preservation to replace a hopeless tooth.
Cranial Shape Measurements Obtained Using a Caliper and Elastic Bands Are Useful for Brachycephaly and Deformational Plagiocephaly Screening
Authors: Maedomari Taishin , Miyabayashi Hiroshi , Tanaka Yukari , Mukai Chihiro , Nakanomori Aya , Saito Katsuya , Kato Risa , Noto Takanori , Nagano Nobuhiko , Morioka Ichiro
Published: April 2023

We assessed a method for screening the cranial shape of 1-month-old infants using a simple measuring instrument instead of a three-dimensional scanner. The Mimos craniometer was used to measure cranial length, cranial width, and two diagonal lengths to calculate the cranial index (CI) and cranial asymmetry (CA). We defined a CI > 90% as brachycephaly and CA > 5 mm as deformational plagiocephaly (DP). Intra- and inter-examiner accuracy analyses were performed on a dummy doll and 1-month-old infants. The measurements of healthy 1-month-old infants were compared with previously reported three-dimensional scanner measurements. Intra- and inter-rater measurements showed good accuracy; diagnostic accuracy comparisons of brachycephaly and DP using a three-dimensional scanner showed kappa values of 1.0 and 0.8, respectively. Comparisons were made among 113 infants matched for day-age at the date of measurement; there were no significant differences in the CI (85.0% vs. 85.2%, p = 0.98) and CA (5.9 mm vs. 6.0 mm, p = 0.48) between the scanner and caliper measurements, nor in the prevalence of brachycephaly (12.4% vs. 17.7%, p = 0.35) or DP (58.4% vs. 56.6%, p = 0.89). This simple measurement method using calipers and bands was useful in screening for brachycephaly and DP in 1-month-old infants.
Oral Sequelae after Head and Neck Radiotherapy: RCT Comparing 3D-Printed Tissue Retraction Devices with Conventional Dental Splints
Authors: Herpel Christopher , Held Thomas , Labis Christos , Christ Leo , Lang Kristin , Regnery Sebastian , Eichkorn Tanja , Lentz-Hommertgen Adriane , Jaekel Cornelia , Moratin Julius , Semmelmayer Karl , Moutsis Tracy Thecla , Plath Karim , Ristow Oliver , Freudlsperger Christian , Adeberg Sebastian , Debus Jürgen , Rammelsberg Peter , Schwindling Franz Sebastian
Published: April 2023

Objectives: To evaluate oral sequelae after head and neck radiotherapy (RT) when using two different types of intraoral appliances. Thermoplastic dental splints (active control) protect against backscattered radiation from dental structures. Semi-individualized, 3D-printed tissue retraction devices (TRDs, study group) additionally spare healthy tissue from irradiation. Materials and Methods: A total of 29 patients with head and neck cancer were enrolled in a randomized controlled pilot trial and allocated to receive TRDs (n = 15) or conventional splints (n = 14). Saliva quality and quantity (Saliva-Check, GC), taste perception (Taste strips, Burghart-Messtechnik), and oral disability (JFLS-8, OHIP-14, maximum mouth opening) were recorded before and 3 months after RT start. Radiotherapy target volume, modality, total dose, fractionation, and imaging guidance were case-dependent. To evaluate intra-group developments between baseline and follow-up, nonparametric Wilcoxon tests were performed. Mann-Whitney-U tests were applied for inter-group comparisons. Results: At follow-up, taste perception was unimpaired (median difference in the total score; TRDs: 0, control: 0). No significant changes were found regarding oral disability. Saliva quantity (stimulated flow) was significantly reduced with conventional splints (median −4 mL, p = 0.016), while it decreased insignificantly with TRDs (median −2 mL, p = 0.07). Follow-up was attended by 9/15 study group participants (control 13/14). Inter-group comparisons showed no significant differences but a tendency towards a better outcome for disability and saliva quality in the intervention group. Conclusion: Due to the small cohort size and the heterogeneity of the sample, the results must be interpreted with reservation. Further research must confirm the positive trends of TRD application. Negative side-effects of TRD application seem improbable.
Mediation Effect of Kinesiophobia on the Relationship between Cervical Joint Position Sense and Limits of Stability in Individuals with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Mediation Analysis
Authors: Alshahrani Mastour Saeed , Reddy Ravi Shankar
Published: April 2023

(1) Background: Individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) may experience proprioceptive and balance impairments. Kinesiophobia is a factor that can mediate the relationship between cervical joint position sense (JPS) and limits of stability. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the cervical JPS and limits of stability between FMS and asymptomatic individuals, (2) assess the relationship between cervical JPS and limits of stability, and (3) assess the mediation effect of kinesiophobia on the relationship between cervical JPS and limits of stability in FMS individuals. (2) Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 100 individuals with FMS and 100 asymptomatic individuals were recruited. Cervical JPS was assessed using a cervical range of motion device, limits of stability (reaction time, maximum excursion, and direction control) were assessed using dynamic posturography, and FMS individuals’ kinesiophobia was assessed using the Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK). Comparison, correlation, and mediation analyses were performed. (3) Results: The magnitude of the mean cervical joint position error (JPE) was significantly larger in FMS individuals (p < 0.001) compared to the asymptomatic individuals. The limits of the stability test showed that FMS individuals had a longer reaction time (F = 128.74) and reduced maximum excursion (F = 976.75) and direction control (F = 396.49) compared to the asymptomatic individuals. Cervical JPE showed statistically significant moderate-to-strong correlations with reaction time (r = 0.56 to 0.64, p < 0.001), maximum excursion (r = −0.71 to −0.74, p < 0.001), and direction control (r = −0.66 to −0.68, p < 0.001) parameters of the limits of the stability test. (4) Conclusions: Cervical JPS and limits of stability were impaired in FMS individuals, and the cervical JPS showed a strong relationship with limits of stability variables. Moreover, kinesiophobia mediated the relationship between JPS and limits of stability. These factors may be taken into consideration when evaluating and developing treatment strategies for FMS patients.
Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Palatini Paolo , Mos Lucio , Saladini Francesca , Vriz Olga , Fania Claudio , Ermolao Andrea , Battista Francesca , Canevari Mattia , Rattazzi Marcello
Published: April 2023

Aim: To evaluate the association of alcohol and smoking combined with cardiovascular and renal events and investigate whether moderate and heavy alcohol consumption have a different impact on this association. Methods: The study was conducted in 1208 young-to-middle-age stage 1 hypertensive patients. Subjects were classified into three categories of cigarette smoking and alcohol use, and the risk of adverse outcomes was assessed over a 17.4-year follow-up. Results: In multivariable Cox models, smoking showed a different prognostic impact on alcohol drinkers and abstainers. In the former, an increase in the risk of cardiovascular and renal events was observed compared to nonsmokers (hazard ratio, 2.6, 95% CI, 1.5–4.3, p < 0.001), whereas in the latter, the risk did not achieve the level of statistical significance (p = 0.27) with a significant interaction between smoking and alcohol use (p < 0.001). Among the heavy smokers who also drank alcoholic beverages, the hazard ratio from the fully adjusted model was 4.3 (95% CI, 2.3–8.0, p < 0.0001). In the subjects with moderate alcohol consumption, the risk of smoking and alcohol combined was similar to that found in the whole population (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5–3.9, p < 0.001). Among the subjects with heavy alcohol consumption, the hazard ratio was 3.4 (95% CI, 1.3–8.6, p = 0.011). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the detrimental cardiovascular effects of smoking can be worsened by concomitant alcohol use. This synergistic effect occurs not only for heavy alcohol consumption but also for moderate use. Smokers should be aware of the increased risk associated with concomitant alcohol consumption.
Longitudinal Radiographic Bone Density Measurement in Revision Hip Arthroplasty and Its Correlation with Clinical Outcome
Authors: Roessler Philip P. , Eich Jakob , Wirtz Dieter C. , Schildberg Frank A.
Published: April 2023

The subjective analysis of conventional radiography represents the principal method for bone diagnostics in endoprosthetics. Alternative objective quantitative methods are described but not commonly used. Therefore, semi-quantitative methods are tested using digital computation and artificial intelligence to standardize, simplify, and ultimately improve the assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between relative density progressions and clinical outcomes. Radiographs and clinical examinations before and 24 and 48 weeks after surgery were obtained from sixty-eight patients with a modular hip stem. For the calculation of the relative bone density, the modal gray values of the Gruen zones were measured using ImageJ and were normalized by gray values of the highest and lowest ROI. The clinical outcomes were measured according to the Harris hip score before evaluating them for correlations. Analyses were performed separately for subgroups and bone regions. The Harris hip score increased from 44.15 ± 15.00 pre-operatively to 66.20 ± 13.87 at the latest follow-up. The relative bone density adjustment of Gruen zone 7 showed a significant correlation to its clinical outcome. Other bone adaptations could be realistically reproduced and differences by regional zones and patients’ histories visualized. Next to the simplicity and that no additional examination is required, the method provides good semi-quantitative results and visualizes adaptations, which make it suitable for use.
Dental Manifestations and Celiac Disease—An Overview
Authors: Wieser Herbert , Amato Massimo , Caggiano Mario , Ciacci Carolina
Published: April 2023

This review summarizes recent investigations on dental manifestations in celiac disease. Particular attention is paid to delayed dental eruption and maturity, dental enamel defects, molar incisor hypomineralization, dental caries, dental plaque, and periodontitis. Most studies confirmed a higher frequency of delayed dental eruption and maturation in children and dental enamel defects in children and adults with celiac disease compared to healthy individuals. The malabsorption of various micronutrients, especially calcium and vitamin D, as well as immunity, is considered the main cause of these conditions. An early diagnosis of celiac disease and introducing a gluten-free diet might prevent the development of these conditions. Otherwise, the damage has already been established, and it is irreversible. Dentists can play an important role in identifying people who may have unrecognized celiac disease and may help prevent its progress and long-term complications. Investigations on dental caries, plaque, and periodontitis in celiac disease are rare and inconsistent; these complaints need further examination.
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Property and Wear Behaviour of T6 Treated A356 Alloy with Minor Addition of Copper and Zinc
Authors: Kashimat Nithesh , Sharma Sathyashankara , Nayak Rajesh , Manjunathaiah Karthik Birur , Shettar Manjunath , Chennegowda Gowrishankar Mandya
Published: April 2023

The present study examines the effect of trace additions of copper (up to 1 wt.%) and zinc (0.5 wt.%) as the alloying elements on the microstructure, hardness, and wear behaviour of T6 treated A356 (Al-7Si) alloy. Wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer under a constant sliding speed of 200 RPM, varying applied load (20–40 N), and sliding distance (0–3000 m) to determine the wear rate and the coefficient of friction. The results indicated a minimum of 1 wt.% of copper was required to form the Al2Cu intermetallic phase, resulting in a finer grain structure and improved hardness. However, the role of zinc as a trace element was not observed on the microstructure; the observed changes may be the combined effect of copper and zinc as a whole. The highest hardness of 107 VHN (98% increase) was achieved with 1 wt.% copper addition during peak aging at 100 °C. Also, wear tests showed that adding 1 wt.% copper to the A356 alloy and a 100 °C precipitation hardening (T6) treatment improved the wear resistance by 150–182% with a reduced coefficient of friction.
Enhancing Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed PLAs via Optimization Process and Statistical Modeling
Authors: Shahrjerdi Ali , Karamimoghadam Mojtaba , Bodaghi Mahdi
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the optimization of 3D printing by 1.75 mm filaments of poly-lactic acid (PLA) materials. The samples are printed separately and glued together to join the tensile device for the failure load and checking the surface roughness. The printing method in this research is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), in which the parameters of Infill Percentage (IP), Extruder Temperature (ET), and Layer Thickness (LT) are considered variable parameters for the 3D printer, and according to the Design of Experiments (DOE), a total of 20 experiments are designed. The parametric range is considered to be 15–55% for IP, 190–250 °C for ET, and 0.15–0.35 mm for LT. The optimization model is conducted according to the Response Surface Method (RSM), in which the ANOVA and plot tables are examined. Moreover, the samples’ maximum failure load, weight, fabrication time, and surface roughness are considered output responses. Statistical modeling shows that by increasing the IP and setting the ET at 220 °C, the failure load of the samples increases, and the maximum failure load reaches 1218 N. The weight and fabrication time of the specimen are optimized at the same time to achieve maximum failure load with less surface roughness. By comparing the predicted and actual output for the optimum samples, the percentage error for all results is less than 5%. The developed optimization method is revealed to be accurate and reliable for FDM 3D printing of PLAs.
High-Pressure FDM 3D Printing in Nitrogen [Inert Gas] and Improved Mechanical Performance of Printed Components
Authors: Shaik Yousuf Pasha , Schuster Jens , Naidu Naresh Kumar
Published: April 2023

Fundamentally, the mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed polymeric objects are determined by their fabrication circumstances. In contrast to traditional polymer processing processes, additive manufacturing requires no pressure during layer consolidation. This study looks at how a high-pressure autoclave chamber without oxygen affects layer consolidation throughout the fused deposition modelling process, as well as the mechanical qualities of the products. To attain high strength qualities for 3D-printed components such as injection-molded specimens, an experimental setup consisting of a 3D printer incorporated within a bespoke autoclave was designed. The autoclave can withstand pressures of up to 135 bar and temperatures of up to 185 °C. PLA 3D printing was carried out in the autoclave at two different pressures in compressed air and nitrogen atmospheres: 0 bar and 5 bar. Furthermore, injection molding was done using the same PLA material. Tensile, flexural, and Charpy tests were carried out on samples that were 3D printed and injection molded. In nitrogen, oxidation of the environment was prevented by autoclave preheating before printing, and autoclave pressure during printing considerably promotes layer consolidation. This imprinted mechanical strength on the 3D-printed items, which are virtually as strong as injection-molded components.
A Silicon-Based PDMS-PEG Copolymer Microfluidic Chip for Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Diagnosis
Authors: Yang Siyu , Xian Qingyue , Liu Yiteng , Zhang Ziyi , Song Qi , Gao Yibo , Wen Weijia
Published: April 2023

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been widely used to make lab-on-a-chip devices, such as reactors and sensors, for biological research. Real-time nucleic acid testing is one of the main applications of PDMS microfluidic chips due to their high biocompatibility and transparency. However, the inherent hydrophobicity and excessive gas permeability of PDMS hinder its applications in many fields. This study developed a silicon-based polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene-glycol (PDMS-PEG) copolymer microfluidic chip, the PDMS-PEG copolymer silicon chip (PPc-Si chip), for biomolecular diagnosis. By adjusting the modifier formula for PDMS, the hydrophilic switch occurred within 15 s after contact with water, resulting in only a 0.8% reduction in transmittance after modification. In addition, we evaluated the transmittance at a wide range of wavelengths from 200 nm to 1000 nm to provide a reference for its optical property study and application in optical-related devices. The improved hydrophilicity was achieved by introducing a large number of hydroxyl groups, which also resulted in excellent bonding strength of PPc-Si chips. The bonding condition was easy to achieve and time-saving. Real-time PCR tests were successfully conducted with higher efficiency and lower non-specific absorption. This chip has a high potential for a wide range of applications in point-of-care tests (POCT) and rapid disease diagnosis.
Potential of Secondary Metabolites of Diaporthe Species Associated with Terrestrial and Marine Origins
Authors: Wei Wei , Khan Babar , Dai Qun , Lin Jie , Kang Liqin , Rajput Nasir Ahmed , Yan Wei , Liu Guiyou
Published: April 2023

Diaporthe species produce versatile secondary metabolites (SMs), including terpenoids, fatty acids, polyketides, steroids, and alkaloids. These structurally diverse SMs exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and phytotoxic activities, which could be exploited in the medical, agricultural, and other modern industries. This review comprehensively covers the production and biological potencies of isolated natural products from the genus Diaporthe associated with terrestrial and marine origins. A total of 275 SMs have been summarized from terrestrial (153; 55%) and marine (110; 41%) origins during the last twelve years, and 12 (4%) compounds are common to both environments. All secondary metabolites are categorized predominantly on the basis of their bioactivities (cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, and miscellaneous activity). Overall, 134 bioactive compounds were isolated from terrestrial (92; 55%) and marine (42; 34%) origins, but about half the compounds did not report any kind of activity. The antiSMASH results suggested that Diaporthe strains are capable of encoding a wide range of SMs and have tremendous biosynthetic potential for new SMs. This study will be useful for future research on drug discovery from terrestrial and marine natural products.