bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of frying conditions on moisture loss and oil uptake in yam slices (Dioscorea alata)
Authors: Alvis Bermúdez Armando , Vélez Pasos Carlos Antonio , Arrázola Paternina Guillermo
Published: November 2022

The effect of frying conditions on immersion on moisture loss and oil content were studied at different times in two yam varieties: Diamante 22 and Pico Botella. The experimental data adjusted itself to the first order exponential model for humidity transfer (r > 0.9) for both cultivars. The humidity diffusion coefficient for the two varieties of yam fried at 140°, 160° and 180°C for 1 to 9 minutes were 8.11±0.76, 8.2±0.81, and 8.62 ±0.71*10-9 m2/s for the Diamante 22 variety, respectively, and 8.32±0.82, 8.38±0.78, 8.54±0.84*10-9 m2/s for the Pico de Botella variety. Activation energy was 24.43 kJ/mol for the Diamante 22 variety and 21.27 kJ/mol for the Pico de Botella variety. The results showed that there was higher oil absorption after 180 s and at 140°C while taking into account 0.377 kg water / kg solid moisture loss for Diamond 22 and 0.410 kg water / kg solid Pico de Botella at 180°C for 540 s.
An intelligent web service for classifying digital imagery by using rough sets
Authors: Caicedo Caicedo Julio César , Pérez Castillo José Nelson
Published: November 2022

Integrating recent developments in service-orientated computing, Web technologies and computational intelligence has facilitated the development of applications for solving complex problems in several fields of scientific and technological research. Rough sets theory provides a solid theoretical background within the computational intelligence (CI) field for the qualitative reasoning required for analysing datasets loaded with uncertainties due to the vagueness and lack of precision associated with them. This paper describes the development of an intelligent Web service to process digital imagery, demonstrating the benefits of rough sets theory in dealing with the flexible supervised classification of the pixels associated with them.
State Estimation-based Transmission line parameter identification
Authors: Olarte Dussán Fredy Andrés , Borda Zapata Carlos Eduardo , Díaz Morales Hernando
Published: November 2022

This article presents two state-estimation-based algorithms for identifying transmission line parameters. The identification technique used simultaneous state-parameter estimation on an artificial power system composed of several copies of the same transmission line, using measurements at different points in time. The first algorithm used active and reactive power measurements at both ends of the line. The second method used synchronised phasor voltage and current measurements at both ends. The algorithms were tested in simulated conditions on the 30-node IEEE test system. All line parameters for this system were estimated with errors below 1%.
802.15.4 MAC protocol applied to efficient energy consumption
Authors: Hernández Ontiveros Juan Miguel , Inzunza González Everardo , Olguín Tiznado Jesús Everardo , Soares López Jana Juracy , Rousseau Figueroa Pablo Andrés , Camargo Wilson Claudia
Published: November 2022

This work focused on the problem of finding a suitable medium access control protocol so that the nodes of a given cluster could communicate efficiently within their respective activity window. The nodes thus saved energy by turning off their transceivers during the time that they did not have to exchange information. This works main objective was to ensure that the nodes were mainly focused on energy efficiency and delivering packages, taking quality of service (QoS) requirements into account and comparing their performance to an existing protocol called sensor medium access control (S-MAC). The parameters being compared were the time that the nodes were asleep, energy consumption and average delay. This work was completed by using the OPNET simulator tool (OPNET Modeler, version 11.5.A PL3, OPNET Technologies Company Inc). This approach greatly improved the "PCF + Sleep” performance proposed in this work over the earlier S-MAC.
Preferential orientation in metal nitride deposited by the UBM system
Authors: Olaya Jhon Jairo , Marulanda Diana Maritza , Rodil Sandra
Published: November 2022

This work was aimed at studying the influence of ion bombardment on the preferred orientation (OP) of transition metal nitrides (TMN) produced by the reactive sputtering technique with a variable unbalanced magnetron through permanent magnets. Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings were thus studied by varying two parameters: ion-atom ratio on the substrate (Ji/Ja) and nitrogen flux. Deposition conditions were as follows: 7 mTorr working pressure, ~ 380ºC substrate temperature, 2 and 8.5 sccm nitrogen flux and 245-265 discharge power. The results showed that preferred orientation (111) and the crystalline behaviour of the produced coatings depended more on nitrogen flux than on ion bombardment. Similarly, micro-hardness measured on films deposited on steel AISI-M2 substrates increased from 1600 to 2000 HV0.025 when nitrogen flux was increased.
Optimising a two-echelon capacity-constrained material requirement manufacturing system using a linear programming model
Authors: Delgado Hidalgo Liliana , Toro Díaz Héctor Hernán
Published: November 2022

A mixed integer linear programming model representing a two-echelon manufacturing system was implemented. Optimal decisions could be made about raw material/component provisioning by using the model. The model was programmed by using an algebraic modeler which was then integrated into a computational tool from which defining parameters could be managed as well as consulting the results once the model had been executed. The model was validated on a real manufacturing system; besides providing good representation of the system, optimal provisioning decisions were also reached. The article emphasises that such decisions cannot be made by using usual MRP reasoning.
Local quantification and characterisation represents a basic tool for integrated residential solid waste management
Authors: Marmolejo R. Luis F. , Klinger A. Rafael A. , Madera P. Carlos A. , Olaya O. Javier , Marcos B. Carolina , Ordóñez A José A.
Published: November 2022

A sampling and characterisation plan for residential solid waste (SW) produced in the city of Cali in Colombia was developed between January and September 2006; this required designing an undisclosed strategy in the country and the results showed the need for an adjustment to the current SW Colombian classification scheme. The available sampling frame made a two-stage sampling plan necessary, block side (BS) being the first stage and household BS the second. A 0.39 kg/(person-day) solid waste per-capita production (PCP) was found, which increased with socioeconomic status. Food waste was produced most, a large part consisting of cooked food. Waste from personal hygiene items was a third category, although this is not currently a category which is included in Colombian Technical Standard –RAS 2000. Although characterisation techniques are used worldwide, the results showed the relevance of available sampling frame-based local characterisation, using local data for sampling methods and associated sample size selection.
Chemical composition and mass closure for airborne particulate matter in Bogotá
Authors: Vargas Freddy A. , Rojas Néstor Y.
Published: November 2022

Particulate matter, measured as PM10, is the most concerning airborne pollutant in Bogotá. Determining its chemical composition is important for understanding its potential effects and to estimate various sources' contribution to such pollution. This paper gives the results of characterising the ionic species, carbonaceous material, metals and crustal elements present in airborne PM10 in Bogotá. An ion charge balance and mass reconstruction were done for determining consistency between chemical characterisation and gravimetric PM10. The composition was different in each area; however, the fractions contributing most to PM10 were crustal, 37% to 42% was related to fugitive and suspended dust, 12% to 11% was related to carbonaceous fractions, 43% to elemental carbon, 34% for organic matter and 5% to 8% for ionic fractions.
Spatial variability of infiltration and its relationship to some physical properties
Authors: Da Silva Martins Alba Leonor , Gomes de Moura Emanoel , Camacho Tamayo Jesús H.
Published: November 2022

Water infiltration into soil is one of the basic factors for estimating irrigation intensity according to the plants' requirements; this is aimed at avoiding problems of surface run-off and degradation. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the spatial variation of infiltration and its relationship to some physical properties of soil by means of geostatistical techniques in Typic Plinthaquult soils having average texture and flat relief. A 113-point mesh was designed, having a regular distance of 10 m between points, samples being taken from 0 to 0.20 meters depth. Sand, silt and clay content, bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity were determined. Infiltration tests were carried out in the field by means of a 15 cm diameter ring. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used for analysing the data. Infiltration, silt and microporosity data did not fit a normal distribution curve. Infiltration had high variability, having an average 36.03 mm h-1. Total porosity was 56.73%, this being the only property that did not show spatial dependency. The smallest ranges were observed for bulk density, macroporosity and microporosity, having values of less than 40 m. The smallest degrees of spatial dependence were observed for infiltration, silt and clay, evidence also being shown of the influence of silt and clay on infiltration rate. Contour maps were constructed; fitting them to the semivariogram models, together with studying the correlations, led to establishing relationships between the properties.
Two-phase kinetic model for epoxidation of soybean oil
Authors: Beltrán Osuna Ángela Aurora , Boyacá Mendivelso Luis Alejandro
Published: November 2022

A two-phase kinetic model was implemented for analysing conventional epoxidation, using a percarboxylic acid generated in situ through adding hydrogen peroxide in a two-phase system having a homogeneous catalyst. Data was adjusted using the least square method (0.88 correlation coefficient). The simulation closely predicted oxirane oxygen content values, especially during the first stage of reaction and deviation at the end of epoxidation due, possibly, to different degradation reactions.
A new algorithm for detecting and correcting bad pixels in infrared images
Authors: Restrepo Girón Andrés David , Loaiza Correa Humberto
Published: November 2022

An image processing algorithm detects and replaces abnormal pixels individually, highlighting them amongst their neighbours in a sequence of thermal images without affecting overall texture, like classical filtering does. Bad pixels from manufacture or constant use of a CCD device in an IR camera are thus detected and replaced with a very good success rate, thereby reducing the risk of bad interpretation. Some thermal sequences from CFRP plates, taken by a Cincinnati Electronics InSb IR camera, were used for developing and testing this algorithm. The results were compared to a detailed list of bad pixels given by the manufacturer (about 70% coincidence). This work becomes relevant considering that the number of papers on this subject is low; most of them talk about astronomical image pre-processing. Moreover, thermographic non-destructive testing (TNDT) techniques are gaining popularity in Colombia at introductory levels in industrial sectors such as energy generation and transmission, sugar production and military aeronautics.
The Electromagnetic Compatibility Research Group: research questions
Authors: Román Campos Francisco José
Published: November 2022

This paper summarises the Universidad Nacional de Colombia’s Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department’s Electromagnetic Compatibility Research Group (EMC-UNC) activities during the last 30 years. The group was involved in developing experimental tools during the early 1980s, such as constructing high-voltage apparatus, developing high-voltage practical work for students and observing electrical discharges. These tools enabled the group to spend a decade focused on resolving one of the Colombian electrical sector’s main EMC problems: distribution transformer’s failures caused by lightning. For almost a decade this investigation was focused on understanding the causes of the extremely high failure index in Colombian rural areas, especially in the Rionegro basin. The main result of this investigation was a reduction by one order of magnitude in mean 10% distribution transformer failure rate. During this research work a noticeable pattern was observed of several electrically-isolated metallic bodies immersed in an electric field (i.e. floating electrodes). This was led to initiating floating electrode studies and formulating a new scientific question, “How do corona electrical discharges interact with floating electrodes?” This new research question was dealt with during the second half of the 1990s and the first decade of the 2000s. This investigation was related to using electrostatically-accumulated charge on a floating electrode. This question opened up four research areas: gas discharge physics, generating fast current impulses, harvesting energy from the electric field and the possibility of high impedance current sources. This paper has summarised the most relevant work done by the EMC-UNC group on these topics. This floating electrode research work started by formulating four patents. Fresh research questions for the 2010s were related to measuring lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP), intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) studies, measuring picoseconds-rise-time impulses, cleaning water by corona discharge and harvesting, accumulating and using small amounts of energy extracted from electric and electromagnetic fields. The future of the EMC-UNC group is closely related to interaction with other groups.
Sum of squares decomposition: theory and applications in control
Authors: Pantoja Andrés , Mojica Nava Eduardo , Quijano Nicanor
Published: November 2022

The sum of squares (SOS) decomposition technique allows numerical methods such as semidefinite programming to be used for proving the positivity of multivariable polynomial functions. It is well known that it is not an easy task to find Lyapunov functions for stability analysis of nonlinear systems. An algorithmic tool is used in this work for solving this problem. This approach is presented as SOS programming and solutions were obtained with a Matlab toolbox. Simple examples of SOS concepts, stability analysis for nonlinear polynomial and rational systems with uncertainties in parameters are presented to show the use of this tool. Besides these approaches, an alternative stability analysis for switched systems using a polynomial approach is also presented.
System Solver: an open source tool for mathematically modelling dynamical systems
Authors: Domínguez Efraín , Ardila Felipe , Bustamante Santiago
Published: November 2022

The following paper presents a freeware modelling tool simulating dynamic systems that can be represented by either an ordinary differential equation (ODE) or a set of differential equations of different orders. The main idea leading to this software development is related to the fact that many physical, biological, ecological, economical, chemical, social and engineering problems can be expressed in this way. Furthermore, the solution to these problems requires some expertise in numerical methods and programming. Such knowledge is uncommon in some of the experts in such scientific domains. A tool to fill in this knowledge gap, increase productivity within modelling-related research and support the teaching of mathematical modelling topics is thus needed. This paper introduces System Solver, a computer application that facilitates the formulation of initial value problems for ODE systems, numerically solves these problems and provides a user with not only the solution but also debugged Visual Basic source code for the application. The obtained code can be easily shared among researchers, which facilitates the replication of numerical experiments even across different operating systems. This software's introduction is accompanied by examples from different domains, including one example from stochastic modelling.
Estimating marginal external costs for road, rail and river transport in Colombia
Authors: Márquez Díaz Luis Gabriel
Published: November 2022

This report presents the results of research regarding strategic freight transport network modelling in Colombia using external cost. The model uses sequential equilibrium between distribution and traffic assignment phases; it is national and inter-regional, involving strategic decision-making. The Colombian transport network consists of 27,469 km of roads, 11,257 km of navigable rivers, 2,192 km of railway lines and a set of centroid connectors for establishing a link with the zoning system (consisting of 70 internal areas and 8 external areas). Each link in a network involves internal costs: time, operation and external costs, congestion, accidents, air pollution and CO2 emissions. Vehicle ownership costs were excluded from internal cost analysis; costs such as noise, climate change and effects on the landscape were not studied in external costs. Marginal costs regarding the network were estimated by two methods. First, it was assumed that an additional unit of demand did not affect equilibrium in a transport network and then marginal cost was estimated as being the sum of marginal costs regarding links in the shortest path. The other approach assumed that an additional unit of demand changed network equilibrium; marginal costs were then estimated by calculating the difference between the two equilibrium scenarios. The methods were applied to 7 selected routes covering the most important Colombian freight transport corridors. An average 0.014 US$/ton/km rate was estimated for external costs regarding highway transport, 0.000105 US$/ton/km for water transport and 0.001625 US$/ton/km for railroad transport (preponderance of environmental costs exceeding 90%).
Analysing collision detection in a virtual environment for haptic applications in surgery
Authors: Pinto Salamanca María Luisa , Navarro José María , Sofrony Esmeral Jorge
Published: November 2022

This paper presents an analysis of two commercially available haptic interfaces that can be used in surgical training and medical simulation. Integrating development kits with open source software libraries like OpenGL and VCollide led to proposing a solution to problems like loss of tactile ability and detecting collisions between objects in a virtual environment. Haptic applications were based on results regarding capturing, processing and analysing images for building models for interaction with rigid bodies of medical interest. The application included tools for marking points and paths on a virtual surfaces and force reflection algorithms for simulating interactions with surface/volumetric 3D models. Immersion characteristics and the effect of virtual surgical instruments were analysed.
How can metacognition be developed through problem-solving in higher education?
Authors: Paz Penagos Hernán
Published: November 2022

Teacher-guided academic activities undertaken by students emphasise the cognitive strategies and procedures necessary for their successful resolution when problem-solving in electronic engineering´s digital communications area. However, students do not approach knowledge regarding their learning abilities (metacognition) in such a way that self-knowledge, skills development assessment and controlling their own abilities and limitations are favoured when guiding their learning. This article presents some meta-cognitive features which have been identified in students regarding problem-solving strategies in teaching, learning and evaluating engineering.
A comparative study of the combustion properties of normal biogas-air mixture and oxygen enriched biogas-air
Authors: Cacua Karen , Amell Andrés , Olmos Luis
Published: November 2022

Research into renewable energy as energy alternatives and decreasing greenhouse gases from organic waste decomposition make biogas a promising alternative for fossil fuel substitution and an energy source from recovery of organic waste in urban, rural and agroindustrial areas.
This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of oxygen-enriched biogas combustion properties ranging from 22% to 35%. Results showed that properties such as deflagration speed, adiabatic flame temperature, dew temperature and CO2 and H2O percentage increased when oxygen percentage in air was increased. On the other hand, properties such as minimum ignition energy, stoichiometric air volume and dry fume volume decreased when the O2 percentage in air was higher than 21%.
Analysing a method for small and medium sized companies to rate oil quality during immersion frying
Authors: Rojas Uribe Efraín Hisnardo , Narváez Rincón Paulo César
Published: November 2022

This work studied the deterioration of commercial Frytol oil in controlled frying conditions using the anisidine index (AI) as standard evaluation method. The effect of temperature and time was studied at 170°C for up to 10 hours and at 200°C for up to 6 hours in the presence of factors which speeded up oil deterioration: 1% and 8% water based on the mass of oil and non-lipid material, 1% and 6% based on the mass of oil. Air flow rate was kept constant at 25 L h-1. The relationship between AI, colour and viscosity was studied to evaluate the technical viability of measuring these variables as a function of time to be used as a method for rating oil deterioration by small and medium sized enterprises (SME). Oil deterioration was higher and faster at maximum study interval values for each experimental factor, although only the effect of temperature was significant (p<0.05). Red and yellow on the Lovibond scale were weakly related (AI R2=0.558 and R2=0.526, respectively), colour depending on frying temperature. Viscosity measured at 30°C had the highest coefficient of determination (R2=0.809) and was independent of frying temperature. Viscosity is thus a variable which can be used for determining frying oil deterioration in SME as a consequence of a significant change from 10 cP to 45 cP which is closer to frying oil deterioration limit (AI 156). It can facilitate determination and lower associated costs, there-by improving product quality and customer confidence in them.
Neural fuzzy digital filtering: multivariate identifier filters involving multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO)
Authors: García Infante Juan Carlos , Medel Juárez José de J. , Sánchez García Juan Carlos
Published: November 2022

Multivariate identifier filters (multiple inputs and multiple outputs - MIMO) are adaptive digital systems having a loop in accordance with an objective function to adjust matrix parameter convergence to observable reference system dynamics. One way of complying with this condition is to use fuzzy logic inference mechanisms which interpret and select the best matrix parameter from a knowledge base. Such selection mechanisms with neural networks can provide a response from the best operational level for each change in state (Shannon, 1948). This paper considers the MIMO digital filter model using neuro fuzzy digital filtering to find an adaptive parameter matrix which is integrated into the Kalman filter by the transition matrix. The filter uses the neural network as back-propagation into the fuzzy mechanism to do this, interpreting its variables and its respective levels and selecting the best values for automatically adjusting transition matrix values. The Matlab simulation describes the neural fuzzy digital filter giving an approximation of exponential convergence seen in functional error.
Implementing condition-based maintenance using modeling and simulation: a case study of a permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Quiroga Méndez Jabid , Oviedo Castillo Silvia
Published: November 2022

This paper introduces condition-based maintenance (CBM) architecture regarding an electrical application. Appropriate and efficient fault detection constitutes one of the major challenges associated with CBM and a model-based approach constitutes the way to achieve it. A case study using a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is presented to illustrate implementing CBM using a neural network motor model. CBM may be implemented in real time using Matlab and dSpace. The difference between line currents' negative sequence components, predicted by a multilayer neural network, and the current values acquired from the motor is used as fault indicator. Experimental results have shown the efficiency of the proposed model in detecting several stator winding short faults in differing load conditions and fault severity, obtaining up to 95% reliability.
Evaluating electrolysed oxidising water as a fungicide using two rose varieties (Rosa sp) in greenhouse conditions
Authors: Fernández Belén Rocío , Castillo Bernardo , Díaz Eliana , Camacho Jesús Hernán
Published: November 2022

The aim of evaluating electrolysed oxidising water (EOW) for controlling botrytis (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa) and downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa) using two greenhouse rose varieties was to verify this new technology’s effectiveness by contrast with traditional chemical handling. Two concentrations of hypochlorous acid in EOW were produced during electrolysis in a P1200 cell and applied at three application volumes using stationary hydraulic pressure equipment. The commercial rose varieties (Rosa sp) used here were the Orlando and Versilia varieties. The EOW used was slightly acidic type C, pH 5.0, having high-oxide-reduction potential (ORP) +850 millivolts (mV). Two types of EOW were evaluated for this study: EOW C-50 (50 ppm HOCl) and EOW C-75 (75 ppm HOCl). The test results showed the feasibility of EOW as a fungicide at the volumes tested here, providing significant control of powdery mildew which has high incidence due to climatic conditions. The best disease control was achieved by applying the highest volume; however, some curled leaflets appeared with this application.
Evaluación psicométrica del cuestionario “Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index” (SAQLI) para la valoración de calidad de vida en personas con apnea obstructiva del sueño en Colombia
Authors: Bazurto Zapata Maria Angelica , Bastidas Goyes Alirio Rodrigo , Giraldo Cadavid Luis Fernando , Botero Palacios Monica Paola , Castellanos Caro Gina Lizeth , Matiz Ibarra Tatiana Lorena , Romero Colmenares Wendy Sulena , Garcia Manrrique Juan Gabriel , Granados Moreno Daniela , Perez Vivas Omar Enrique , Gomez Mendoza Olga Cecilia , Tuta Quintero Eduardo
Published: November 2022

Introducción: El cuestionario Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI) es el instrumento específico más completo para evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS); sin embargo, no existe una adaptación cultural en Colombia, ni su validación psicométrica y, por tanto, se desconoce su rendimiento.
Objetivo: Realizar la evaluación psicométrica de la versión en español del cuestionario SAQLI culturalmente adaptada al contexto colombiano.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio de validación de escala realizado en 173 pacientes que, entre junio de 2017 y abril de 2019, asistieron a la Clínica Universidad de la Sabana (Chía, Colombia) y la Fundación Neumológica Colombiana (Bogotá, Colombia) a realizarse una polisomnografía (PSG). La versión del cuestionario SAQLI adaptada culturalmente se administró 3 veces: antes de la PSG; 15 días después, y 3 meses después de iniciar tratamiento con CPAP (esta última en 22 pacientes). La consistencia interna, la fiabilidad y la sensibilidad al cambio fueron evaluadas mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (α), el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y la prueba T de student para muestras pareadas, respectivamente.
Resultados: Se observaron diferencias en las puntuaciones obtenidas en los 4 dominios evaluados (A-D) antes y después de iniciar el tratamiento, siendo estadísticamente significativas en A (4.92 vs. 5.70; p=0.038) y C (4.61 vs. 5.52; p=0.003). Además, se observó una adecuada consistencia interna y fiabilidad en los dominios A, B y C (α=0.884-0.935 y CCI=0.793-0.826, respectivamente).
Conclusión: La versión en español del cuestionario SAQLI adaptada al contexto cultural y lingüístico colombiano es adecuada para la evaluación objetiva de la calidad de vida en pacientes con AOS y es sensible al cambio luego de iniciar el tratamiento con CPAP.
Análisis de concordancia entre la prueba prenatal no invasiva (NIPT) y el cariotipo prenatal para la detección de aneuploidías fetales.
Authors: Grajales-Ospina Diana Carolina , Yunis-Hazbun Luz Karime , Camacho Montaño Andrés Mauricio , Bautista Charry Alejandro Antonio , Niño-Alba Reinaldo , Yunis Londoño Juan José
Published: November 2022

Introducción. La prueba prenatal no invasiva (NIPT, por su sigla en inglés) es una prueba de tamización de aneuploidías fetales con una mayor sensibilidad y especificidad que la tamización bioquímica prenatal tradicional.
Objetivo. Evaluar la concordancia entre la NIPT y el cariotipo prenatal para la detección de aneuploidías fetales en embarazos de alto riesgo de dichas anomalías
Materiales y métodos. Estudio piloto prospectivo realizado entre septiembre de 2019 y diciembre de 2020 en 20 pacientes con gestaciones clasificadas como de alto riesgo para aneuploidías fetales con base en los hallazgos ecográficos y atendidas en Bogotá y Medellín, Colombia. A cada paciente se le realizó una NIPT y una prueba invasiva confirmatoria (cariotipo prenatal). La concordancia entre ambos métodos se determinó mediante el coeficiente kappa de Cohen (nivel de significancia p<0.05), donde valores >0.7 se consideraron como un buen nivel de concordancia.
Resultados. En 3 de las 20 gestaciones (15%) se detectaron aneuploidías mediante estudio citogenético invasivo: trisomía 21, trisomía 18 y monosomía X. La NIPT detectó la trisomía 21 y la monosomía X, pero falló en detectar la trisomía 18. Respecto al análisis de concordancia, el coeficiente de kappa de Cohen entre la NIPT y cariotipo prenatal fue 0.77, 1.0 y 0 para trisomía 21, monosomía X, trisomía 18, respectivamente. Además, la NIPT detectó 67% de las aneuploidías.
Conclusión. En el presente estudio, primero en realizarse en Colombia, se observó una buena concordancia entre la NIPT y la prueba invasiva (cariotipo prenatal) para la detección de aneuploidías. Sin embargo, los resultados aquí reportados enfatizan la recomendación de utilizar la NIPT como prueba de tamización y no como prueba diagnóstica.
Strategy for the development of modern higher medical education
Authors:   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine, Gladchuk I.Z. , Аncheva І.А. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: November 2022

Today, the role of information and telecommunications systems in any area of life is growing. Modern medical education involves a combination of conventional education of students with simulation training, distance learning and the use of information technology. This is a difficult period of life for the skin participant in the illuminating sphere. This is a difficult period of life for every participant in the institution of higher education. Nowadays, the use of innovative educational technologies will facilitate the presentation and visualization of materials, contribute to memorization of information and make the educational process easier and more interesting. Digital skills have become a necessary additional component for any scientist, modern educator and practicing physician of almost all specialties. Purpose - to analyze the state of modern problems, opportunities and ways of development in higher medical school during the transformation of society period using digital intelligence. The article presents the experience of medical training at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Odessa National Medical University in modern conditions. Taking into consideration that the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology is a well-equipped clinical department of the university, it has become customary not only to participate in various international conferences, communication platforms, webinars and videoconferences, but also to organize and conduct videoconferences, master classes with demonstration of operations in real-time mode, the so-called «live surgery». Post-graduate studies of specialists are one of the key priority of the university. Improvements in practical skills are provided in high-tech simulation centers. But there is needed to ensure academic mobility, choice of training bases, improved work of internship bases for internship doctors and the organization of training in the practical part of the internship training. However, the transformation of the medical industry requires a reform of the educational process in medical education institutions. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Markers of angiogenesis and their role in prediction of preeclampsy in multiple pregnancy
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Sulimenko O.M. , Romanenko T.G. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: November 2022

Purpose - to identify changes in biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction, preclinical manifestations of preeclampsia in pregnant women with multiple pregnancies after the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Materials and methods. A prospective study of pregnant women with dichorionic diamniotic twins after assisted reproductive technologies was conducted: 35 pregnant women with twins who were offered a developed monitoring algorithm (main (І) group) and 27 pregnant women who were monitored according to generally accepted methods of managing multiple pregnancies (control (ІІ) group). Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using standard programs “Microsoft Excel 5.0” and “Statistica 6.0”. Results. During the analysis of the main and control observation groups, an increase in the pro-angiogenic biomarker PlGF was noted up to 28 weeks (I group 604.9 (83.4-814.5) pg/ml vs. 568.6 (68.1-765.3) pg/ml in the II group). Іn the term of 26-28 weeks, in the main group, we noted a decrease in the level of PlGF below 100 pg/ml in 4 (11.4%) women, and in the II group in 6 (22.2%), however, clinical manifestations of preeclampsia, in patients, it was not noted. In the period of 32-34 weeks, the results of PlGF below the level of 100 pg/ml were obtained in 6 (17.1%) women of the I group against 7 (25.9%) of the women of the II group. In the group I we found 2 cases of moderate preeclampsia at 32 and 33 weeks of pregnancy. In the II group 4 cases of preeclampsia were identified. Two cases of moderate preeclampsia, which clinically manifested at 30 weeks. Conclusions. The anti-angiogenic factor, sFlt-1 and the pro-angiogenic factor PIGF, and their relationship are promising markers in the prediction and early diagnosis of preeclampsia in the multiple pregnancies after assisted reproductive technologies. Based on monitoring the growth dynamics of the sFlt-1/PIGF ratio, it is possible to predict the early development of preeclampsia even without clinical symptoms, and to make a decision about the possibility of extending the pregnancy or the need for urgent delivery. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Handling Cash In And Cash Out On Dimas Mart Supermarket Kampar Regency
Authors: Zaman Delfian , Dina Dina
Published: November 2022

In general, every company, both small and large, must have Cash In and Cash Out. Cash has a central position in maintaining smooth operations. Cash also has the nature that its ownership cannot be proven and is easily transferred, so it is easy to misappropriate or embezzle. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out strict cash supervision, and there must be proper reporting of its use. The company must be careful in carrying out activities related to Cash In and Cash Out, meaning that every cash recipient and cash disbursement transaction must be recorded so that unwanted deviations do not occur. Cash receipts and disbursements must be carried out effectively and efficiently, so there is no budget waste. Therefore, we need an adequate system to be able to monitor cash receipts and cash disbursements. This research aims to explain how to handle cash inflows and outflows and how to handle cash bookkeeping at the Dimas Mart supermarket. So that the supermarket can improve procedures for handling cash inflows, cashouts, and cash bookkeeping so that it can be a reference in conducting similar research at a place and time. Different.
DYNAMICS OF A SWIMMING MICROORGANISM ON NANOPARTICLE-SATURATED BLOOD FLOW UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF INCLINED MAGNETIC FIELD AND HEAT SOURCE
Authors: Akaje T. Wasiu , Olajuwon Bakai Ishola
Published: November 2022

The impact of an inclined magnetic field and a heat source on the dynamics of swimming microorganisms in nanoparticle-saturated blood flow has been explored. We examined the effects of a gyrotactic microorganism on blood flow alongside Brownian and thermophoretic motion. The bioconvection, heat along with mass transport model is set up utilizing partial differential equations (PDEs). This set of PDEs was further solved by employing a spectral collocation method (SCM). SCM is an iterative approach which is rooted in the concept of the Gauss-Seidel approach. SCM is found to converge easily and is simple to compute. The imposed magnetism toward the direction of the blood Casson fluid flow is found to oppose the velocity and thereby declines its motion. The magnetic also has great impact on the Lewis number by decreasing the concentration as well as density motile microorganism profile. The viscous dissipation added to the energy equation is found to produce heat energy which enhances the fluid temperature profile.
Theranostic Approach for the Management of Osteoporosis
Authors: Pant Anjali , Singh Joga , Barnwal Ravi Pratap , Singh Gurpal , Singh Bhupinder
Published: November 2022

Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone-metabolic disorder, causing micro-architecture degeneration and a decrease in bone density. Nutritional deficiency, i.e., calcium, vitamin D, and hormonal imbalances are the primary cause for the occurrence of OP. Although conventional diagnostic techniques and therapies are available and found to be effective only at a later stage, though still lack prevention strategies. Thus, the patients tend to suffer incidence of fractures and many difficulties to manage their day-to-day activities at an elderly stage. Numerous nanomaterial(s) possessing unique physicochemical, optical, and electrical properties are reported nowadays to be employed for both early-stage detections of disease and its treatment. Amongst these nanomaterials, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) possessing strong magnetic susceptibility, less in vivo toxicity, and surface functionalities are extensively employed for MRI contrast imaging agents in the area of disease diagnosis, and drug delivery tools for various therapies. Therefore, this review highlights the pathophysiology of OP, conventional techniques of diagnosis, and the application of SPIONs for diagnostic and treatment purposes of osteoporosis.
These Caps Spilleth Over: Equilibrium Effects of Unemployment Insurance
Authors: Doniger Cynthia L. , Toohey Desmond
Published: November 2022

The design of US unemployment insurance (UI) policy--which features benefits assigned as a percentage of past wages up to a cap--engenders tests for spillovers from policy variation to workers who are not directly treated. We test for and find a pattern of spillovers from state-level UI policy changes that cannot be neatly reconciled with workhorse or cutting-edge models of UI spillovers. Instead, we show that the documented pattern conforms with the predictions of a canonical model of information frictions: wage posting with random search. Taken together, our results provide novel evidence of quantitatively- and policy-relevant information frictions in this market. Moreover, our estimates suggest that aggregate unemployment of insured individuals would decrease if the replacement rate were increased while holding the cap constant.
How Can Asset Prices Value Exchange Rate Wedges?
Authors: Lewis Karen K. , Liu Edith X.
Published: November 2022

When available financial securities allow investors to optimally diversify risk across countries, standard theory implies that exchange rates should reflect this behavior. However, exchange rates observed in the data deviate from these predictions. In this paper, we develop a framework to value the welfare costs of these exchange rate wedges, as disciplined by asset returns. This framework applies to a general class of asset pricing and exchange rate models. We further decompose the value of these wedges into components, showing that the ability of goods markets to respond to financial markets through exchange rate adjustment has significant implications for welfare.
Self-Synthesis of Programs Based on Artificial Chemistry Model
Authors:   Penza State University, Penza, 440026, Russian Federation, Kolchugina E. A.
Published: November 2022

Fully automatic software synthesis will become possible when simpler programs or program components become able to spontaneously and inevitably attract each other and connect with each other. To achieve this, it is necessary to construct special means to provide spontaneous interactions between programs, since currently there are no such means. In this article, using the principles of artificial chemistry, we propose an algebra of "sinks-and-sources", a concept of artificial atom and a model called H2O. We also describe experiments with this model, in which the formation of a model molecule of "water" is reproduced. We represent artificial atoms of simple substances, such as oxygen and hydrogen, as independent processes corresponding to two types of programs. We construct connections between individual atoms using sockets, which are necessary to simulate shared particles from outer orbitals. During the experiments, we registered the emergence of artificial molecules of "water" and other complex substances. The experimental results prove that simple software units implementing the proposed principles are capable of sponta­neously forming complex software structures without directed external influence. The achieved results are useful to software engineering, artificial life and artificial intelligence to provide self-development of software and complex logical structures capable of further evolution and self-improvement.
Motives of Transcarpathian architecture in Zoltan Sholtes creativity
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Melnyk Oksana , Shtets Viktor ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: November 2022

The article reveals the peculiarities of Zoltan Sholtes' work in the open air. The typological characteristics of the artist's landscapes by thematic and semantic aspects are determined. Landscape with architectural motifs is one of the dominant plots, along with a lyrical chamber sketch, a rural landscape and a panoramic landscape-picture. Some landscapes with motifs of Transcarpathian architecture, in addition to artistic value, have ethnographic value, as they show architectural monuments that have not been preserved to this day. Art analysis of landscapes with motifs of the fortifications of Uzhgorod and Mukachevo, as well as wooden bell towers and churches showed the peculiarities of the creative method. This is work in the open air, solving pictorial and figurative tasks, the use of realistic-impressionist means of artistic expression. The plein air experience contributed to the formation of a recognizable author's handwriting of the artist. This is a special approach to the interpretation of planning and spatial relationships; compositional division of the canvas into plans with a high horizon line and a blank foreground; use of vibrating expressive writing technique a la Prima; combination of active modeling smear with transparent generalized planes; color experiments, a special ratio of warm and cold shades in particular. The main means of emotional expression of the works are defined by color means; means of author's equipment; composite means; figurative means, expressed through the peculiarities of the interpretation of the planes of the foreground and the sky, which enhance the emotional component of the landscape. Detailed reproduction of a visible plot with an architectural object and the search for a unique image inspired by this plot, the formation of the appropriate mood, and the manifestation of philosophical, symbolic subtext determine the peculiarity of the artist's creative method.
‘Nothing New‘: once again about the impossibility of a global history of art (comments on Dana Arnold's ‘A Short Book About Art’)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Levchenko Illia
Published: November 2022

I started this text as a review of another ‘short history of art’ that I came across. ‘A Short Book About Art’, written by the British art historian Dana Arnold, is a great example of the popularization and practical application of new approaches to art history. Among them are sociology, psychology of art, political iconology, gender art history and more. The researcher set an ambitious goal. The work is dedicated to finding common threads that connect the art of different geographical areas and demonstrate that the art of any period works in a similar way. We are talking, as we see, about the global history of the arts. This story should cover all regions and give a balanced representation of the cultures/arts of the different regions. However, the noble goal, as a careful reading of the work showed, not only did not solve the problem but also exacerbated it. Non-European art is almost ignored. In addition, the researcher builds a typical pro-Western narrative, where, however, the progressive approach is replaced by values. If progressivism was the ‘dark side of modernity’, the ‘value approach’ involves the consideration of non-European art exclusively from the perspective of Occidental values. Non-European art enters the narrative of global art history through hybridization due to glocalization. At the same time, the glocalization of art occurs in two ways. The first of them is passive. The projective vision of the researcher formed by Western values ​​simply does not notice and does not anticipate any difference between the ‘other’. Because of this, neither the ‘other nor its differences fall into the field of study. The second way of glocalization is active. It involves the relocation and recontextualization of culture. It is about moving culture in a familiar, acceptable to the researcher context (most often it is the morphology of art, topic or phenomenology). Both options for glocalization involve the implementation of an exclusion strategy, which makes it impossible to talk about global art history. Global art history is possible only as a result of non-trivial decolonial optics. However, decolonization as a postmodern project contradicts the modern idea of ​‘short history’ and centrifugal narrative.