bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Assessment of Endothelial Microparticles in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Men with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Esposito Katherine , Ciotola Miryam , Giugliano Francesco , Sardelli Luigi , Giugliano Francesco , Maiorino Maria Ida , Beneduce Flora , De Sio Marco , Giugliano Dario
Published: April 2008

Introduction

Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) may play a role as biomarkers of vascular injury. EMPs are higher in men with diabetes diabetic men with erectile dysfunction (ED) than in nondiabetic potent men.

Aim

The aim of this study was to quantize different phenotypic circulating EMP levels among diabetic and nondiabetic patients with ED, and to determine whether EMPs are released as a result of activation or apoptosis.

Methods

We studied 30 type 2 diabetic and 24 nondiabetic subjects with symptomatic ED from at least 6 months, and 20 nondiabetic men without ED matched for age and weight with diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Erectile function was assessed by completing the International Index of Erectile Function (IEEF)-5, which consists of Items 5, 15, 4, 2, and 7 from the full-scale IIEF-15. A score of 21 or less indicates the presence of ED.

Main Outcome Measures

EMP levels in plasma were quantified by flow cytometry. Markers for apoptosis (platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1/CD31 antigen) and activation (E-selectin/CD62E antigen) were compared. Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was evaluated in the right brachial artery with a high-resolution ultrasound machine following reactive hyperemia.

Results

Diabetic patients were found to have the highest levels of EMP31+; diabetic and nondiabetic men with ED were found to have significantly higher levels of EMP62+ than nondiabetic men without ED. The EMP62/EMP31 ratio, an index of endothelial activation (high ratio) or apoptosis (low ratio), was lowest in diabetic men with ED (0.20). In the whole group of 54 men with ED (diabetic and nondiabetic), there was an inverse correlation between FMD and the number of circulating EMPs (P <0.05).

Conclusions

The presence of diabetes in subjects with ED is associated with a different pattern of endothelial cell injury. The phenotypic assessment of EMPs in diabetic patients with ED is consistent with increased apoptotic activity.
Genital Responsiveness in Healthy Women With and Without Sexual Arousal Disorder
Authors: Laan Ellen , Van Driel Esther M. , Van Lunsen Rik H.W.
Published: April 2008

Introduction

Most pharmacological treatments that are currently being developed for women with sexual arousal disorder are aimed at remedying a vasculogenic deficit.

Aim

This study investigated whether pre- and postmenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder are less genitally responsive to visual sexual stimuli than pre- and postmenopausal women without sexual problems.

Method

Twenty-nine medically healthy women with sexual arousal disorder (15 premenopausal and 14 postmenopausal), diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) criteria, and 30 age-matched women without sexual problems (16 premenopausal and 14 postmenopausal) were shown sexual stimuli depicting cunnilingus and intercourse.

Main Outcome Measure

Genital arousal was assessed as vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) using vaginal photoplethysmography.

Results

Results showed no significant differences between the two groups in mean and maximum VPA, nor in latency of VPA response.

Conclusion

Women with sexual arousal disorder diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria were not less genitally responsive to visual sexual stimuli than women without such problems. These findings are in line with previous studies. The sexual problems these women report are clearly not related to their potential to become genitally aroused. We argue that the DSM-IV criteria for sexual arousal disorder are in need of revision. In medically healthy women, impaired genital responsiveness is not a valid diagnostic criterion.
Lethal yellowing‐type diseases of palms associated with phytoplasmas newly identified in Florida, USA
Authors: Harrison N.A. , Helmick E.E. , Elliott M.L.
Published: April 2008

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect phytoplasmas in stem tissues from declining silver date (Phoenix sylvestris), Canary Island date (Phoenix canariensis), edible date (Phoenix dactylifera), Queen (Syagrus romanozoffiana) and Mexican fan (Washingtonia robusta) palms, all displaying symptoms similar to lethal yellowing (LY) disease, in a tri‐county region of west central Florida. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis or sequencing of PCR‐amplified rDNA products (1.6 kb) identified three distinct group 16SrIV phytoplasma strains among 38 infected palms. Most palms (86.8%) contained Texas Phoenix decline (TPD) phytoplasma, a subgroup 16SrIV‐D strain, while two P. canariensis harboured palm LY phytoplasma, a subgroup 16SrIV‐A strain. A novel phytoplasma, initially detected in W. robusta and tentatively classified as a subgroup 16SrIV‐F strain, also occurred with LY phytoplasma as mixed infections in two P. dactylifera palms. Collectively, these findings extend the known geographic range of TPD in the USA to include Florida and the listing of TPD‐susceptible palm species to include P. dactylifera, P. sylvestris and S. romanozoffiana. Moreover, discovery of a novel subgroup 16SrIV‐F strain in W. robusta adds to the list of phytoplasma host palm species and complexity of phytoplasma‐vector‐palm pathosystems newly identified in the west central region of the state. The emergence of new lethal disease of palms beyond southern subtropical region of the state is unprecedented but follows similar developments in other regions where LY is known to occur.
The importance of temperature and moisture to the egg‐laying behaviour of a pest slug, Deroceras reticulatum
Authors: Willis J.C. , Bohan D.A. , Powers S.J. , Choi Y.H. , Park J. , Gussin E.
Published: April 2008

Oviposition behaviour is important when modelling the population dynamics of many invertebrates. The numbers of eggs laid are frequently used to describe fecundity, but this measure may differ significantly from realised fecundity. Oviposition has been shown to be important when describing the dynamics of slug populations, which are important agricultural pests. The numbers of eggs laid by Deroceras reticulatum and their viability were measured across a range of 16 temperature (4, 10, 15 and 23°C) by moisture (33%, 42%, 53% and 58% by dry soil weight) experimental combinations. A fitted quadratic response surface model was used to estimate how D. reticulatum adjusted its egg laying to the surrounding temperature and moisture conditions, with most eggs being laid at a combination of 53% soil moisture and 18°C. The number and proportion of viable eggs also covaried with temperature and moisture, suggesting that D. reticulatum may alter their investment in reproduction to maximise their fitness. We have shown that the number of viable eggs differs from the total number of eggs laid by D. reticulatum. Changes in egg viability with temperature and moisture may also be seen in other species and should be considered when modelling populations of egg‐laying invertebrates.
A CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE MICTINI (S. STR.) BASED ON ASIATIC TAXA (HETEROPTERA: COREIDAE)
Authors: Li Xinzheng , Zheng Leyi
Published: April 2008

Abstract  A cladistic analysis of the Asiatic genera of Mictini (s. str.) is made in the present paper. The results indicate that this group is monophyletic and their genitalia structrues are very similar, in spite of their variegated external forms. Derepterini Hsiao is proved to be a paraphyletic group and its synonymy with Mictini (s. str.) is supported by the cladograms. The cladograms show that there are some major differences between the mainly African Anoplocnemis and the other Asiatic genera.
BEDNET TREATMENT WITH PYRETHROIDS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL IN CHINA
Authors: Lu Baolin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  BedHnet treatment with pyrethroids, either by impregnation or by spraying, has been considered as an important progress in vector control in antimalarial programmes. Since last decade, the method has been extensively adopted for malarial control in China. The present paper is a review of the results of laboratory studies, experimental evaluations and field trials and applications of bednet treatment in this country. Some comments are also given to the results in this respect. It is concluded that the bednet treatment with pyrethroids, particularly with deltamethrin, is a feasible community based prevention measure. It can be recommanded to replace DDT indoor residual sprays for vector control in most areas of low and moderate malaria endemicity.
DIPTEREX RESISTANCE IN THE HOUSEFLY AND THE SYNERGIC MECHANISM OF SV1 IN RELATION TO PENETRATION THROUGH CUTICLE
Authors: He Fengqin , Feng Guolei , Sun Yunqin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  SV1 was observed to have obvious synergism and could delay housefly (Musca domestica vicina) resistance development to Dipterex. The penetration rates of Dipterex through housefly cuticle were determined in a susceptible and two resistant strains. The results indicated that the penetration in the resistant housefly strains was obviously slower than in the susceptible one. The penetrating rate of SV1+ Dipterex (in mixture) was higher than that of Dipterex. The penetration reduction in resistant houseflies may be an important factor in bringing forth resistance. The increase of the penetrating rate of Dipterex and the decrease of its metabolic rate are regarded as the important mechanisms of SV1 synergism to Dipterex.
THE PROBING AND FEEDING PROCESS OF THE GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY, TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM WESTWOOD
Authors: Xu Rumei , Zhang Yun , Ma Wenru
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The preference of greenhouse whiteflies varies with different species of host plants and leaves of different age. They prefer young leaves of tobacco, cucumber, broadbean and cowpea significantly more than the young leaves of paprika and old leaves of broadbean and cowpea. Behavioural studies indicated that the leaf‐time and total probing time were significantly longer on preferred leaves than on non‐preferred leaves. On non‐preferred leaves, probing may continue about 2 minutes but not longer than 5 minutes. On preferred leaves, there were both frequent probing for short intervals and probing (+feeding) which continued for 10 minutes or more. Morphological studies indicated that, in general, it needed 10 to 15 minutes for the stylet to reach the phloem and feed. The probing process takes no more than 10 to 15 minutes. Probing can be divided into test probing which takes less than 2 minutes to reach depths of 20 to 50 pm, and exploratory probing which surpasses 5 minutes. Test probing is the key process for determining host plant selection, and the chemical composition of the leaf surface wax may play an important role.
TETRAD BASAL BODY‐AXONEME COMPLEXES IN THE PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE OF THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORI
Authors: Wang Zongshun
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Using cell whole mount preparation, tetrad basal boby‐axoneme complexes in the primary spermatocyte from testicular cysts of fourth instar larvae of Bombyx mori are examined by transmission electron microscopy. There exist two paired basal body‐axoneme complexes and the two orthogonally oriented basal bodies are linked together with distal and proximal linking fibers. The growing complex displays voluminous distal swelling. At this stage, the axoneme consists of nine microtubular doublets. A connecting nodule is found at the juncture of basal body's triplet and axoneme's doublet, and the A and B tubules of the former continue through the nodule to become the ones of the latter.
CYTOTAXONOMIC STUDY OF OXYA SPECIES IN CHINA (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDOIDEA)
Authors: Ma Enbo , Guo Yaping , Zheng Zhemin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The chromosomal conventional karyotype and C‐banding karyotype of eight species in the genus Oxya (Catantopidae) are analysed. The result shows that O. chinensis (Thunberg), O. shanghaiensis Willemse and O. adentata Willemse all have similar C‐banding distribution, but the model of chromosomal group, the chiasma localization data and the total heterochromatin content (THC) value are different. O. agavisa Tsai has its own c‐banding feature and is distinguished from other species in the genus. O. bicingula Ma et al. is similar to both the O. chinensis group and O. agavisu in chromosomal marks and morphological characters, indicating that these three species have some relations during the evolutionary process. O. hyla intricata (Stal) is a “sibling species group” as indicated by the variation of the morphological feature and there are also diversiforms in cytotaxonomic marks. It seems that this group has higher differentiational speed and the speciational evolution is more active in modern times. In this group, O. apicocingula sp. nov. and O. flave femura sp. nov. are more specialized than the other populations which have not many terminal C‐bands in genome. As a conclusion, we consider that the evolutionary rate of the species in Oxya genus is unbalanced. This status is due to the actions from both the hereditary basis and the environmental condition of the different species.
STUDIES ON THE TRIBE FENUSINI OF CHINA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Wei Meicai
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The following new taxa from China are proposed in the Fenusini : Profenusa chrysichlorita sp. nov., Nefusa sinica sp. nov., Nefusa brevis sp. nov., Metallus sichuanensis sp. nov. , Metallus wangi sp. nov. , Metallus mai sp. nov., Nefusa sinica sp. nov. Nefusa bratis sp. nov., Metatlus sichuanensis sp. nov., Birmella discoidalisa sp. nov., Okutanius pekingensis sp. nov. All these genera except for Birmella with Fenusa pusilla (Lepel.), Fenella monilicornis Thomson and Profenusa hirashima Togashi are new records from China. New taxa are described and figured. Keys to genera and species of the tribe Fenusini from China are proposed.
AN OVERVIEW OF CHINESE METROCORIS MAYR.WITH DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES (HEMIPTERA: GERRIDAE)
Authors: Chen Pingping
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The systematic research of Chinese Metrocoris Mayr is reviewed. Three new species including Metrocoris cylindricus, M. hubeiensis and M. xiei are described
THE CHINESE SARISOPHORA MEYRICK AND DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: LECITHOCERIDAE)
Authors: Wu Chunsheng
Published: April 2008

Abstract  In this paper, 4 new species, Sarisophora cerussata, S. dactylisana, S. neptigota, S, idonea, are described. The genitalia of both sexes are illustrated. Key is provided for all the known 6 Chinese species.
A NEW SIBLING SPECIES OF SPILONOTA ALBICANA (MOTSCHULSKY) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Liu Youqiao , Liu Bing
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Spilonota sp. injurious to pear is described from China for many years but without a species name. Through detailed identification, we come to the conclusion that it is a sibling species of Spilonota albicana Motschulsky. In this paper, it is named Spilonota pyrusicola sp. nov. and described with illustrations of adults, genitalia and immature stages, and the biological notes are also given.
SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN DIAPAUSE LARVAE OF ASIAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA FURNACALIS (LEPIDOPTERA:PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Zhao Zhangwu , Liu Ruilin , Cao Meixun , Fan Yongliang , Wang Xingsheng
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The physiological and biochemical characteristics of the diapause larvae of Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis, were investigated. The molecular weight of diapause associated protein in hemolymph was determined. The development of male reproductive system, the body water content, the tolerance to suffocation and the rates of respiration of the diapause and non‐diapause larvae were compared. The results revealed that the diapause larvae have the following characteristics: 1. There is a diapause associated protein in heamolymoph; its molecular weights of two polypeptide chains are 72,000 and 84,000 Dal. respectively. 2. The male reproductive organ is underdeveloped. 3. The body water content is lowered. 4. A much higher tolerance to suffocation is exhibited after submergence under water at room temperature. 5. A low rate of respiration prevailed.
THE ROLE OF ECDYSTEROIDS IN THE REPRODUCTIVE DIAPAUSE OF DERMACENTOR NIVEUS NEUMANN
Authors: Wu Qing , Jiang Zaijie , Bai Chunling
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The ecdysteroid levels in hemolymph, ovary, synganglion and whole body of diapausing female Dermacentor niveus were detected by HPLC, and compared with the results of nondiapausing female. It is revealed that the ecdysteroid levels in hemolymph and ovary of diapausing female are similar basically to that of nondiapausing female in the first few days after engorgement. From the 10th day after engorgement, the ecdysteroid levels of diapausing female decreased and even became distinctly lower than that of nondiapausing female. The paucity of ecdysteroids in these individuals would influence the normal development of oocytes. In order to explore the effect of ecdyateroids on the diapausing female, we injected 20‐hydroxyecdysone with different dosages at different time into the ticks, and found that after just complete engorgement the injection with large dosages (10000 and 1375 ng/tick) caused death of the ticks. From 10th to 20th day after engorgement the ecdysteroid levels of diapausing female are lower than that of nondiapausing one before oviposition, the injection with certain dosages 50, 70 and 100 ng/tick> of 20E can accelerate vitellogenesis and terminate reproductive diapause, but the amount of eggs produced by them is less than that produced by nondiapausing female. The termination of diapause in female of ixcdid tick by exogenous ecdysteroids is reported for the first time.
THE GENUS PHILHARMONIA GOZMANY FROM CHINA (LEPIDOPTERA: LECITHOCERIDAE)
Authors: Wu Chunsheng
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Philharmonia Gozmány is one of the smallest genera of Lecithoceridae. It contains the only type species, Ph. paratona Gozmány. In this paper, 2 new species, Ph. melona sp. nov. and Ph. calypsa sp. nov., are added from China. They are fully described and illustrated. A key to species is given.
ALTERNATIVE HOSTS OF TRICHOGRAMMA DENDROLIMI MATSUMURA IN DIFFERENT HABITATS (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE)
Authors: Xu Yongxin , Li Boqian
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper deals with alternative hosts of an egg parasitoid. Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura in three habitats: mixed forest, pure stand and sparse wood. The experiment was conducted in Liuyan County which is located in the eastern part of Hunan Province. The results suggested that there are 103 species of alternative Lepidopteran hosts for T. dendrolimi. There were two critical periods throughout the year when there were no eggs of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker and few eggs of alternative hosts available for ovipsition by the parasitoids.
THE VENATION OF THE MATURE NYMPH WING PAD OF EPHEMEROPSIS TRISETALIS EICHWALD (EPHEMEROPTERA: HEXAGENITIDAE)
Authors: Lin Qibin , Su Cuirong
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The complete mature nymph wing pad with distinct venation has been collected from Jiuquan Basin, Northwest China, which is almost without precedent in the fossil history of insect. The venation with large radial and costal fields is considered as archaic feature which very probably represents the primitive stage in the evolution of Ephemeroptera. Furthermore, as compared with the modern adult wing, the stronger articular sclerites in the fossil nymphal wing pad of Ephemeropsis trisetalis probably shows that the reduction of the articulation in modern mayfly wing is a secondarily acquired character.
A STUDY ON THE OVIPOSITION SYNERGISTS FOR IN VITRO REARING TRICHOGRAMMA SPP.*
Authors: Han Shichou , Chen Qiaoxian , Li Liying
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Solutions or suspensions of polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, white latex, agar cassava powder, rice flour and starch were used as synergists to improve the oviposition of Trichogramma dendrolimi, T. confusum and T. evanescens with in vitro rearing method. The ovipositional response of Trichogramma spp. to these synergists was different. All the 7 preparations improved the trichogrammatid oviposition much on the artificial host “eggs”. Specific difference of trichogrammatid ovipositional response to these synergists was observed. So, the most effective and economical synergists can be used for increasing the efficiency of rearing different species of Trichogramma in vitro.
JUVENILE HORMONE BINDING PROTEIN IN THE OVARIES OF HOUSEFLY MUSCA DOMESTICA VACINA
Authors: Zheng Wenhui , Li Qianjun , Gong He
Published: April 2008

Abstract  By using charcocal binding assay, the juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) was determined in the ovaries of houseflies. This ovarian JHBP possesses high affinity with juvenile hormone III (JH III) and has a Kd of 2.1 III 10‐‐8 M. The binding of 3H‐juvenile hormone III (3H‐JH III) to this protein was inhibited by unlablled JH III, but not by juvenile hormone analog ZR 512 or ZR 515. The level of this ovarian JHBP reached the highest in houseflies 48 h after emergence, and was 6. 5‐fold and 15. 5‐fold higher than that in housefIies 60 h and 72 h after emergence, respectively. No binding activity was detected in the ovaries of houseflies 24 h or 36 h after emergence. The absence of JHBP in the ovaries of houseflies 36 h after emergence could be reversed by applying JH III to newly emerged houseflies. The data suggest that the fluctuation of the JHBP concentration might associate with the action of juvenile hormone (JH) on housefly vitellogenesis.
ADVANCES IN THE RESEARCH OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES STEINERNEMA AND HETERORHABDITIS IN CHINA
Authors: Han Richou
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The current status of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis entornopathogenic nematode research in China was reviewed in the collection and identification, the application in pest control programmes, symbiotic bacteria and mass production.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF CULEX PIPIENS COMPLEX IN CHINA
Authors: Zhao Tongyan , Lu Baolin
Published: April 2008

Abstract The present paper is the results of the biosystematic studies of Culex pipiens complex in China, including hybridization, mathematical analyses of morphological characters and GC analyses of culticular hydrocarbons. On the bases of the results of these studies, in addition to their allopatric distribution, it can be concluded that Cx. pipiens complex in China consists of four subspecies, including Cx. p ipiens molestus recently discovered in Beijing. Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus can not be considered as a spearate species and Cx. pipiens pallens is not an intermediate form as claimed by some western workers.
A STUDY OF PHLEBOTOMINE SANDFLIES IN YUNAN PROVINCE lV. SERGENTOMYIA (NEOPHLEBOTOMVS) WEEH. M SP. NOV. (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE)
Authors: Leng Yanjia , He Mingsheng
Published: April 2008

Abstract In August 5–14, 1989 the authors collected many phlebotomine sandflies in natural lime‐stone caves from Yiwu and Mengyuan, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. Among them 10 species of phle‐botomines were found, i.e., Idiophlebotomus longiforceps, Phlebotomus yunshpis, P. trunmcsis, P. kiangsuensis, P. stantoni, Serptomyia rudnicki, S. barraudi, S. iyngari, S. koloshanensis, and S. bailyi (He and Leng 1991). Additionally a new species of the subgenus Neophlebotomus is described as Sergentomyia (Neophlebotomus) kueichenae in honour of Professor Kueichen Li.
A STUDY OF THE GENUS CEPHALISPA MALLOCH OF CHINA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Cui Yongsheng , Xue Wanqi , Chen Hongwei
Published: April 2008

Abstract This paper deals with the genus Cephalispa Malloch of China. Descriptions are given of nine new species: C. biloba, C. breviabdominis, C. brevilamina, C. cultrata, C. fani, C. fujianensis, C.hamata, C. prominentia and C. spina. A key and catalogue of the species of China in this genus are given.
ECDYSONE 20‐MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE PROTHORACIC GLANDS OF LAST INSTAR LARVAE OF BOMBYX MORI*
Authors: Wang Zongshun , Zheng Wenhui , Yi Shuxia
Published: April 2008

Abstract Using cell free radioassay, activities of ecdysone 20‐monooxygenase (E‐20‐M) were determined in homogenates of prothoracic glands (PGs) and fat bodies at 24 h intervals during last instar larval development of Bombyx mori. It was found that the profile of E‐20‐M activity in PG homogenates was characterized by a basal line from day 0 to day 3 which begins to rise on 4th day and reaches a peak on 5th day. Nevertheless, in comparison with PGs, E‐20‐M activity in fat body was much higher.
FACTORS AFFECTING CORPORA ALLATA ACTIVITY IN THE ADULT LADY BEETLE COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA L.
Authors: Guan Xuechen , Wang Zongshun
Published: April 2008

Abstract Corpora allata are the defined site of juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis in reproductive adult insects and their activity is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In the adult lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata, it has been well established that the development of ovaries is controlled by JH (Guan 1987). The present study aims at the elucidation of the influence of some factors regulating reproduction of the lady beetle. They include topical application of JH analogues, presence of neuropeptides in the extract from the brain, as well as the development of ovary and type of food on CA activity. JH synthesis in CA is monitored with radiochemical assay and immunoelectrophoresis.
TOXICITY AND GROWTH‐REGULATING ACTIVITY OF A NEEM SEED KERNEL EXTRACT (AZAL‐S) TO THE LARVAE OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS
Authors: Jin Ping , Pan Xiaojun , Chiu) Shanhuan Zhao (Shin‐foon
Published: April 2008

Abstract Toxicity of a neem seed kernel extract (AZAL‐S) was assessed under laboratory conditions against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. The LC50 value for AZAL‐S was 0.78× 10–6. Exposure of 4th instar larvae to 0. 3× 10–6 and 0. 5× 10–6 AZAL‐S for 120 hours caused 46. 2% and 67. 5% mortality respectively, with various types of morphogenetic aberration. AZAL‐S induced an obvious prologation of the larval period when 1st instar larvae were treated with 0. 4–1. 0× 10–6 AZAL‐S for 7 days. The insect growth regulating effect of AZAL‐S on mosquito larvae was similar to those reported for certain insect growth regulators.
INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS FROM THE FRUITS OF PHELUlDENDRON CHINENSE AGAINST HOUSEFLY
Authors: Su Ronghui , Kim Mujo , Nakajima Shuhei , Takahashi Shozo , Liu Mengying
Published: April 2008

Abstract Three N‐isobutylamides were isolated from the fruits of Phellodendron chinense. (2E, 4E)‐N‐isobutyl tetradecadienamide and (2E, 4E1‐N‐isobutyl pentadecadienamide were responsible for the in‐secticidal activity against Musca domestica. However, (2E, 4E, 82)‐N‐isobutyl tetradecatrienamide was not active.
A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF CATANTOPIDAE FROM HUNAN PROVINCE, CHINA (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDOIDEA)
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Li Baoping
Published: April 2008

Abstract Two new species of the grasshopper family Catantopidae were discovered from the Mangshan National Natural Reserve at the southern tip of Hunan Province. One of them constitutes a new genus, Yiniu, which is close to Oxya Audinet‐Serville. They are described as below.
A NEW SPECIES OF CERACRIS WALKER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDOIDEA)
Authors: Ou Xiaohong , Zheng Zhemin , Chen Jun
Published: April 2008

Abstract A new species, namely Ceracris chuannanensis from Sichuan Province in the Southwest of China, is described in this paper. Type specimens are kept in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an.
A NEW SPECIES OF ASCOGASTER WESMAEL FROM JILIN (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Chen Jiahua , Wu Zhishan , Huang Juchang
Published: April 2008

Abstract This paper deals with a new species of the genus Ascogaster Wesmael 1835. The type specimen is deposited in the Laboratory of Beneficial Insects, Fujian Agricultural University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
A COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL OF POPULATION DYNAMICS OF BROWN PLANTHOPPER, NILAPARVATA WGENS STÅL
Authors: You Minsheng , Pang Xiongfei
Published: April 2008

Abstract A comprehensive computer model, based on the concept and analysis of the population life system, was developed to simulate effects of major environmental variables on the population dynamics of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Still. The basic frame of the model consists of a multiple column matrix, which was used to describe the stage overlapping phenomenon and the age‐stage‐structure of the BPH population, and a set of difference equations, which was employed to calculate the growth of individuals from one age‐class and stage to the next in the BPH population. The life cycle of BPH was incremented in the model into 10 degree‐days age classes and simulations were run with daily time steps. The model incorporates 1) temperature‐dependent developmental rates or eggs, nymphs, and adults; 2) stage‐specific survival rates obtained from the life table data of BPH; 3) immigration patterns and rates of macropterous adults; and 4) female fecundity. General validation of the model was established by comparisons between simulated and observed population densities for five years at three locations, which represent plain, hilly, and mountainous aresa in Fujian Province, using actual daily weather data and immigration patterns of macropterous adults for each year as model inputs. Simulation results from the model output were also compared by varying the model inputs within realistic limits in order to analyze the model behavior. We think that this model may serve as the framework for further studies on biology and ecology of BPH, and used to study various integrated BPH management strategies. Moreover, this model could be adapted to describe the population life systems of other insects with minor modification.
A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE QUANTITY OF HONEYDEW AND THE rmOF GREEN PEACH APHID
Authors: Yang Xiaowen , Ma Shujian , Jiang Jinwei , Su Yongsi
Published: April 2008

Abstract Experiments were carried out to study the relationship between the quantity of honeydew and rmof green peach aphid infesting 50 tobacco varieties in the field from 1990 to 1992. The results showed that the range for rm is from 0.102 to 0.498, for honeydew secreted during 24 hours is 3.862 mm2/aphid to 29. 356 mm2/aphid. It also showed that the resistance of tobacco varieties to green peach aphid manifested in the reduction of net reproductive rate. Both rm and honeydew had significant relations to the population of green peach aphid in the field, and therefore the quantity of honeydew can be used as an index in determination of tobacco resistance to green peach aphid.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON GENUS COMPSIDOLON REUTER 1899 FROM NORTH CHINA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE: PHYLINAE)
Authors: Qi Baoying , Nonnaizab
Published: April 2008

Abstract The present paper deals with genus Compsidolon Reuter 1899 from North China. A new species Compsidolon punctulatus sp. nov. is described. C. absinthii (Scott, 1870) is here recorded as new to China, and C; gobicus Nonnaizab 1994 is considered to be a new synonym of Solenoxyphus lepidus (Puton, 1874). Type specimens of the new species will be deposited in the Biological Faculty of Inner Mongolia Teachers' University.
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF CHLAMISUS RAFINESQUE FROM FUJIAN PROVINCE, CHINA (CHLAMISINAE: EUMOLPIDAE: COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Zhou Hongzhang , T'an) Juanjie Tan (Juanjie
Published: April 2008

Abstract Four new leaf beetle species of Chlamisus Rafinesque, all collected from Fujian Province, China, are described. They are Chlamisus rugosus Zhou et T'an, sp. nov., C. wuyiensis Zhou et T'an, sp. nov., C. flavomaculatus T'an et Zhou, sp. nov. andC. s peciosus T'anet Zhou, sp. nov. For each of the new species, illustrations of dorsal view of body, pygidium and the patterns of tubercles and ridges on elytra are given. All the type specimens are kept in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHREMISTICA FROM CHINA (HOMOPTERA: CICADIDAE)
Authors: Lei Zhongren , Chou) Yao Zhou(Io , Li Li
Published: April 2008

Abstract The present paper describes a new species Chremistica longa of the genus Chremistica, and gives a detailed comparison between this new species and its related species.
CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF CryIVD GENE OF INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEIN OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS IN THE ACRYSTALLIFEROUS STRAIN
Authors: Song Dunlun , Shen Zuorui , Chen Yahua , Liu Ziduo , Yu Ziniu
Published: April 2008

Abstract The plasmid pGEMl, carrying CryIV D, CytA and 20‐kDa protein genes, was extracted and digested with Hind II /BamH I. A 5.4 kb fragment containing Cry IV D and 20‐kDa protein gene was purified and ligated to an E. coli TG1. The recombinant plasmid was analyzed by restriction map and Southern blotting to determine the correct insert. Then the recombinant was transferred into Bacillus thuringiensis acrystalliferous mutant Bti. IPS. 78/11 by electroporation. The clones with strong expressiveness were obtained. The engineered strains express 72‐kDa and 20‐kDa proteins and form irregular hexagon paras‐pore crystal. One strain bioassayed is very toxic to Culex fatigans larvae with LC50 of 0. 53 μg/ml.
A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF SHORT‐HORNED FLIES OF UPPER JURASSIC FROM NORTHEAST CHINA: (DIPTERA: EREMOCHAETIDAE)*
Authors: Ren Dong , Guo Ziguang
Published: April 2008

Abstract A new genus and two new species of short‐horned flies are described: Alleremonomus xingi gen. etsp. nov., Allwemononus liaoningensis gen. etsp. nov. They are assigned to the extinct family Ere‐mochaetidae within the suborder Brachycera of Diptera. They were extracted from the Late Jurassic sediments of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province.
STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF OEDMEUS ASIATICUS ENTOMOPOXVIRUS PROPAGATED IN OEDALEUS INFERNALIS*
Authors: Wang Liying , Ren Gang , Wang Sifang , Zhu Qinghong
Published: April 2008

Abstract The morphological characteristics and development of Oedaleus asiaticus entomopoxvirus propagated in Oeddeus infernalis are reported. This virus mainly infected host's fat bodies and hemocytes. Three kinds of spheroids were observed during propagation: big spheroid (30. 41 μm × 25. 40 μm), ellipsoid (6. 58 μm × 4. 78 μm) and small spheroid (3. 35 μm × 2. 60 μm). The virions embeded in them were oval, measuring 230 nm × 176 nm. The typical characteristic of poxviruses as spherical units with the mulberry‐like surface could be seen under transmission electron microscope. The lateral body was cylinder‐shaped. The rope‐like substances in the core folded back only once; therefore two spots in transverse sections were seen. The development of the virions included four stages: the appearance of viro‐plasm, the formation of spherical particles, the differentiation of core and capsid. The grasshoppers only in the same genus could be infected by this virus.
THREE NEW GENERA AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF DRAGONFLIES FROM THE LATE JURASSIC OF NORTHEAST CHINA (ANISOPTERA: AESHNIDAE, GOMPHIDAE, CORDULIIDAE)*
Authors: Ren Dong , Guo Ziguang
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Rudiaeschna limnobia gen. et sp. nov. (Aeshnidae), Liogomphus yixianensis gen. et sp. nov. (Gomphidae) and Mesocordulia boreala gen. et. sp. nov. (Corduliidae) are described and figured. All the specimens are recovered from the Upper Jurassic deposits of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China, and now housed in the Geological Museum of China, Beijing.
A NEW SPECIES OF GENUS HABROPHLEBIODES ULMER (EPHEMEROPTERA: LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE)
Authors: Gui Hong , Zhang Jun , Wu Tian
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The present paper deals with a new species Habrophlebiodes zijinensis sp. nov. collected in Nanjing, Jiangsu Povince, China.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF NEW PHAONIA MINUTIUNGULA‐GROUP FROM CHINA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Zhang Chuntian , Xue Wanqi , Cui Changyuan
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper describes two new species of Phaonia from Northerneast China, P. minutiungula sp. nov., P. heilongshanensis sp. nov., belonging to a new P. minutiungula‐group. The type specimens are kept in Shenyang Normal College.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITO LARVAE WITH MESOCYCLOPS LEUKARTI1)
Authors: Zhen Tianmin , Wang Huaiwei , Liu Fengmei , Li Xiuxian , Zhao Yuqiang , Sun Chuanhong , Wang Zhonglei , Wang Xinguo , Huang Xiqi
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The control efficacy of a predatory copepod, Mesocyclops leukarti, collected in Jining, and its compatibility with Bacillus sphaericus (B.s.) and B. thuringiensis var. csraefensis H‐14 (B. t. i.) against mosquito larvae were evaluated in the laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, M. leukarti showed higher predatory activity toward first instar larvae of Aedes albopictus than toward that of Anopheles sinensis and Culex pipiens pallens. Cage simulation test showed that larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens, An. sinensis and Ae. albopictus could be eliminated within 9, 10 and 7 weeks after interaction with the copepods respectively. M. leukarti population can grow quickly, and its mass production is easy and economic. However, pilot field trials indicated that M. leukarti alone could not eradicate mosquito larvae of the three species rapidly and completely as by chemical insecticides, although they could persist in mosquito breeding habitats longer than the mosquito season. When Mesocyclops was used in combination with B. s. and B. t. i., higher and sustainable control effects were achieved. So this combination, which achieved the rapid larvicidal and sustainable control effect, was presumed to be practical and could be integrated into mosquito control program.
MALE ORIENTATION INHIBITOR OF COTTON BOLLWORM: IDENTIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY MALE HAIRPENCIL GLANDS1)
Authors: Huang Yongping , Xu Shaofu , Tang Xianhan , Zhao Zhangwu , Du Jiawei
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Extracts of hairpencils ffom male cotton bollworm moth were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, acid methanolysis, and GC‐MS. Ten components have been identified as: 14; OH,14: Ac,14: COOH, 211–16: OH,16: OH,16: Ac,16: COOH,18: OH,18: Ac, and18: COOH. Based on the statistics of titer of each chemical, the total amount of three saturated alcohols is over 75%. The amounts of the chemicals in the hairpencils are related to the age of males. There are no chemicals identified in the extracts from males less than 10 h after eclosion, then the quantity of compounds increased rapidly during 48 h after adult eclosion. After 5 days, the quantity decreased.
MORPHOGENESIS OF THE AXONEME IN THE SPERMATOCYTE OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA LINNAEUS
Authors: Wang Zongshun
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Using cell whole mount preparation, early morphogenesis and ultrastructure of the axoneme of Coccinella septempunctata L. spermatocyte were investigated by transmission electron microscope. During spermatogenesis two pairs of basal body‐axoneme complexes originated from centrioles are found in the spermatocyte and they are separated completely from each other at interkinesis. The centriolar adjunct begins to generate while a basal body‐axoneme complex is attached to the nuclear envelope of a spermatid nucleus, and it, on the proximal end of a growing axoneme, reaches a maximum before chromatin condensation. The growing axoneme is accompanied by the condensable nucleus elongation. The early axoneme of a basal body‐axoneme complex consists nine doublets with only inner and outer dynein arms, no central microtubules.
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF COENOSIA FROM NORTHEASTERN CHINA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Cui Yongsheng , Li Lianzhi
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Four new species of the genus Coenosia Meigen from Northeastern China, namely, C. xuei, C. cunica, C. nigrifrons and C. carinata, are described. The type specimens are kept in the Department of Biology, Shenyang Normal College.
CLADISTIC ANALYSIS AND HIGHER CLASSIFICATION OF COREOIDEA (HETEROPTERA)
Authors: Li Xinzheng
Published: April 2008

Abstract  A cladistic analysis of tribes and subfamilies included in Coreidae, Rhopalidae and Alydidae of the superfamily Coreoidea, based on 60 apomorphies, has been made in the present paper. The results indicate that both the Pseudophloeinae and Hydarinae of Coreidae are monophyletic and occupy the two lowest positions in the cladogram in comparison with the other coreid groups; the tribe Chariesterini of Coreinae is a sister group with Meropachydinae; Serinethini (the only tribe of “Serinethinae”, Rhopalidae) is a sister group with Harmostini of Rhopalinae in the rhopalid offset of the cladogram. These mean the traditional Coreidae, Coreinae, and Rhopalinae are paraphyletic groups. According to the results of the snalysis and their characteristics, the “Pseudophloeinae” and “Hydarinae” are raised to family category respectively, the tribe Chariesterini is raised to subfamily category in family Coreidae; the traditional Serinethinae is suppressed to tribe category (no subfamilial ranks will be set up in Rhopalidae), so that all the groups are natural and the paraphyletic groups are avoided in the superfamily, and no this basis a new higher classification system of Coreoidea is suggested.
POPULATION SEASONALITY AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF LAGRIA HIRTA L. (COLEOPTERA: LAGRIIDAE)*
Authors: Zhou Hongzhang
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The seasonality of the field population of Lagria hirta L. is remarkable: adults occur only from the end of June to the beginning of August, whereas larvae exist in the whole year except June. Based on the data of field observations and larval head‐width measuring, the author demonstrated that L. hirta would reproduce in a very short interval in June to August; eggs hatch and develop (molt) into the 3rd, 4th or 5th (sometimes 6th) instar before winter; after larval overwintering, the beetles complete the larval development after total 8–10 times of molts and pupate in June. The larval development rate is decreased but not completely stopped during winter (the nonparametric median test, P<0. 01). This result changes the hitherto opinion of 4 or 5‐instar larval development of L. hirta and will stimulate the studies on its life history.
SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN COTTON BOLLWORM*
Authors: Gao Xiwu , Zheng Bingzong , Zhang Fan , Sun Tong , Zhong Haimei , Li Haitao
Published: April 2008

Abstract The substrate specificity and developmental changes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, were investigated during 1991 to 1994. The insects were collected from Handan suburbs of Hebei Province and Guan County of Shandong Province. The results show that the specific activity and Michaelis constants (km) of AChE toward acetylthiocholine (ATCH) and acetyl‐β‐methyl‐thiocholine (MeTCh) regularly varied with the developmental stage of cotton bollworm. The two peaks of the specific activity were observed respectively in the third instar and sixth instar of larvae. The specific activity of AChE in pupae was the lowest and that in heads of four‐days moth was the highest in various developmental stages of cotton bollworms. The tendency of Km and maximum velocity (Vmax) was identical with the change of specific activity in the AChEs of cotton bollworm. The activation energy (Ea) of AChE toward MeTCh in pupae and adults was 3. 9–4. 3 times as much as that of, larvae in cotton bollworms from Handan of Hebei Province. It suggests that the spending energies of AChE for hydrolysing substrate are different in larva, pupa and adult. The optimum conditions of AChE reaction with ATCh in larvae were 50–100 mg of tissue weights for the amount of enzyme, 10–20 minutes for the reaction time, 35°C for the reaction temperature and 8. 0 for the reaction pH value.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SENSILIUM OF THREE FLEA SPECIES
Authors: Qi Yiming
Published: April 2008

Abstract The result of a study on the internal structures during the development of sensilium and anal segment from first instar larva to adult of Leptopsylla segnis (Schinherr 1811), Monopsyllus anisus (Rothschild 1907) and Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche 1835) is reported and summarized as follows: (1) The development of the sensilium and anal segment of these fleas is essentially the same. (2) The first sensilium rudiment appears in the early third instar larva on the anterior one‐second part of the tergite of the tenth abdominal segment, and in prepupa the eleventh abdominal segment which is composed of the dorsal and ventral anal lobes is formed, and in the pupa the sensilium and its frame are fully developed. (3) The differenced of opinions on the terminal segments of the flea are discussed.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS IREPACMA FROM SHAANXI PROVINCE (LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHORIDAE)
Authors: Wang Shuxia , Zheng Zhemin
Published: April 2008

Abstract In this paper, the genus Zrepacma is reported for the first time from China; three new species from Shaanxi Province are described: Irepacm grandis sp. nov., Irepacma furuimacularis sp. nov. and Irepacma pallidia sp. nov., The genitalia of both sexes are illustrated.
STUDIES ON THE TRIBE ALLANTINI (HYM: TENTHREDINIDAE) —NEW TAXA AND RECORDS OF ALLANTINI FROM CHINA*
Authors: Wei Meicai
Published: April 2008

Abstract Filixungulia gen. nov. belonging to Allantini and three new species, Filixungulia dbo‐clypea sp. nov., F. crassitarsata sp. nov., and Macremphytus crasskornis sp. nov. are described from China. A synoptic key to the genera with three cubital cells in front wing of Allantini is proposed. The genera Tritobrachia Enderlein, Macremphytus MacGillivray and Linomorpha Malaise with Tritobrachia tenuicornis Enderlein are new records from China. Linamorpha flava (Takeuchi) is a new combination transferred from Emphytus Klug.
A STUDY ON THE GENUS DONACIOLAGRIA PIC (COLEOPTERA: LA‐GRIIDAE) FROM CHINA*
Authors: Chen Bin , Yang Xingke
Published: April 2008

Abstract The genus Donaciolagria Pic is transferred from the subfamily Lagriinae to the subfamily Statirinae. The species Donaciolagria femoralis (brchmann) is redescribed. Two new species, D. viridimetallica sp. nov. and D. flavitibialis sp. nov. are described. A key to Chinese species of the genus is given. With 22 original pictures.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PHYTOCORIS FALLEN (HE‐TEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) FROM CHINA
Authors: Xu Binghong , Zheng Leyi
Published: April 2008

Abstract In this paper, two new species of the genus Phytocoris Fallen (Ph. nitrariae sp. nov., Ph. macer sp. nov.) are described from China. Both of these two species belong to the subgenus Sooso‐capsus Wagner when Wagner's system (1970) is used.
A NEW SPECIES OF PHYSARAIA (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) FROM CHINA
Authors: Quicke Donald L. J. , You Lanshao , Kruft Rachel A.
Published: April 2008

Abstract Physaraia sinensis sp. nov. from Fujian and Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated, and it is distinguished from P. sumatrana (Enderlein). Type specimens are deposited in Hunan Agricultural University, China and Natural History Museum, London separately.
OLFACTORY RESPONSES OF COTTON BOLLWORM, HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA TO SEX PHEROMONE AND PLANT VOLATILE COMPONENTS*
Authors: Chen Xiong , Hou Zhaoyuan , Zhang Ying , Yan Fushun , Zhang Guangxue
Published: April 2008

Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) were recorded from unmated, laboratory‐reared male and female Helicover pa armigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) adults to two sex pheromone components and a range of plant volatile components, some of which are known volatiles from leaves and fruits. The female‐produced sex pheromone was not detected by other female moths. The sex pheromone components to which male moths responded previously show to possess biological activity. As for plant volatile components, a large degree of EAG response uniformity between male and female moth was observed. The greatest EAG responses of all plant volatiles tested were elicited by monoenic C‐6 alcohol and aldehyde. They are constituents of the “general green‐leaf odor” that emanates from most plants. The potential adaptive benefit of selective perception to sex pheromone and green‐leaf volatile components is discussed.