bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Structural Equation Modeling of the Wealth and Welfare Components in Iranian Households: Rural and Urban Dichotomies
Authors: Shafiei Sediqe , Shakerian Sareh , Yazdani Shahram , Jadidfard Mohammad-Pooyan , Zafarmand A. Hamid
Published: October 2020

Background: Increasing social welfare and reducing poverty are to ensure the well-being of all classes of a society. Cities and villages are distinguished by cultural and economic disparities. The purpose of this study was to develop and present a comprehensive model on welfare and wealth components and their relationship with each other, as well as determining the contributing factors and variables affecting them by presenting a comprehensive model. Methods: The components of wealth and welfare were determined based on the national data comprising 19261 rural and 18701 urban household participants. Initially, the conceptual model was drawn. Later, observed and latent variables of the model were analyzed and tested using AMOS software, in two exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Finally, the Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data and investigate the causal relationship of latent variables.Results: The findings showed that the factors generating wealth in the urban initiate from education and lead to employment and then into income and ultimately provide wealth and welfare. Plus, there is no separation between the concept of welfare and wealth in urban society. However, land ownership is the prerequisite for wealth and welfare issues in a rural community. Moreover, wealth and welfare are two distinct phenomena in rural areas. Conclusions: The results of this study would provide the clear hints for effective policy making to resolve deprivation and poverty in Iranian rural and urban populations, prioritizing education for urban and land ownership for rural areas.
ENT Manifestations in COVID-19 Positive Patients
Authors: Kuchhal Vaibhav , Ahmad Shahzad , Chaurasia Priyanka , Rawat Pradeep
Published: October 2020

AIM: To study the status of ear, nose and throat in the patients diagnosed with the CoViD-19.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a perspective study in patients admitted in the isolation wards of Dr. Sushila Tiwari Hospital Haldwani between March 2020 and July 2020. There were 465 symptomatic patients out of total 727 patients diagnosed with CoViD-19 .RESULT: Since the CoViD-19 pandemic has begun, many individuals have noted many ENT manifestations along with the other general symptoms like fever(395 pt)>cough (326 pt) >weakness/fatigue (190 pt ) >difficulty in breathing (89 pt ) >muscle ache (58 pt ) >headache (56 pt) & diarrhoea (24 pt). Among ENT manifestations throat symptoms were found most common including loss of taste in 74 pt. It was noticed that most commonly sweet and salt goes first then sour taste vanish and bitter and chilli taste goes in the end, most of them were reversible after 2-3 weeks. Among nasal symptoms nasal congestion was found most common (72 pt) followed by loss of smell (88 pt), nasal blockage (66 pt) & runny nose (47 pt). loss of smell was also reversible in most of the cases after 2-3 weeks. Ear symptoms were not so commonly found. Although itching in bilateral ear, sensation of ear fullness, ear ache and conductive hearing loss were complained by some patients.CONCLUSION: This study represents the initial findings of all individuals with ENT manifestations along with the chemosensory loss in the symptomatic confirmed covid-19 patients. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, changes in smell or taste are not being considered indicative of possible COVID-19 infection—especially in the absence of other high-suspicion symptoms.
Healthcare Workers Preparedness for COVID-19 Pandemic in The Occupied Palestinian Territory: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Alser Osaid , Alghoul Heba , Alkhateeb Zahra , Hamdan Ayah , Albarqouni Loai , Saini Kiran
Published: October 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens to overwhelm the capacity of a vulnerable healthcare system in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). Sufficient training of healthcare workers (HCWs) in managing COVID-19 and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential in allowing oPt to mount a credible response to the crisis.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated online questionnaire between March 30, 2020 and April 12, 2020. Primary outcomes were availability of PPE and HCWs preparedness in oPt for COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary outcome was regional and hospital differences in oPt in terms of availability of PPE and HCWs preparedness.Results: Of 138 respondents, only 38 HCWs (27.5%) always had access to facemasks and 15 (10.9%) for isolation gowns. Most HCWs did not find eye protection (n=128, 92.8%), N95 respirators (n=132, 95.7%), and face shields (n=127, 92%) always available. Compared to HCWs in West Bank, those in the Gaza Strip were significantly less likely to have access to alcohol sanitizers (p=0.03) and gloves (p <0.001). On average, governmental hospitals were significantly less likely to have all appropriate PPE than non-governmental institutions (p = 0.001). Only 16 (11.6%) surveyed felt confident in dealing with a potential COVID-19 case, 57 (41.3%) having received any COVID-19-related training, and 57 (41.3%) not having a local hospital protocol.Conclusion: HCWs in oPt are underprepared and severely lacking adequate PPE provision. The lack of PPE provision will exacerbate spread of COVID-19 and deepen the crisis, whilst putting HCWs at risk.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Features of Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus Infection
Authors: JINSUN YANG , Gan Liu , Tingting HU
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognosis of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) infection. MethodsThe data of 23 patients with SFTSV infection from June 2012 to July 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsAmong the 23 patients, 10 (43.5%) were male and 13 (56.5%) were female. The mean age was 58.9 ±12.1 years old. In total, 19 patients (82.6%) were farmers, and 21 cases (91.3%) occurred during the spring and summer season, especially in May and June. There were 5 cases (21.7%) with a clear history of tick bites and 2 cases (8.7%) with close contact with the patient who was feverish due to thrombocytopenia syndrome. Seventeen (73.9%) patients came from the mountainous area of southern Anhui Province. All patients had fever and thrombocytopenia. Most patients had leukocytopenia; proteinuria; urine occult blood; elevated liver enzymes; increased creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer levels; muscle soreness and clinical haemorrhage. One patient even displayed a local haematoma on the abdominal wall. Some patients had low albumin, elevated serum amylase and increased lipase. After active supportive treatment, 5 patients (21.7%) were cured, 14 patients (60.9%) were improved, 2 patients (8.7%) were discharged without recovery and 2 patients (8.7%) died of multiple organ failure. ConclusionsSFTSV infection has specific epidemiological and clinical characteristics. The disease can involve multiple organs, and its mortality rate is relatively high. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the disease to promote the early detection, timely diagnosis and accurate treatment.
Atopic Dermatitis: A Case Report of a 3-Year-Old Food Allergy Child Sensitive to Multiple Allergens
Authors: Wang Meiyi , Liang Xueqing , Sun Baoqing , Huang Huimin
Published: October 2020

Background: It was estimated that about 10% of the population suffer from food allergy. Atopic dermatitis is often associated with food allergy. In this case report, we presented a child with atopic dermatitis who was sensitive to multiple food and inhaled allergens. Case report: A 3-year-old boy was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University due to skin allergy caused by drinking semi-hydrolyzed infant formula milk powder. Allergen test results showed that the boy was sensitive to multiple food and inhaled allergens. we conducted the follow-up interview by phone to completed the questionnaire. Conclusion: Atopic dermatitis children with multiple food allergies must pay attention to diet adjustment to prevent or delay the development of the disease.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides Insight into the Key Proteins as Potential Targets Involved in Malachite Green Inhibiting Reproduction of Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis
Authors: Qu Shenye , Song Chenguang , Tan Xiaoping , Wang Gaoxue , Ling Fei
Published: October 2020

Background: Target identification is important for drug discovery. Unfortunately, no drug targets have been found in I. multifiliis until now and further limited development of the novel drug for Ichthyophthiriasis. Methods: In this study, an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was used to find the target of malachite green (MG), exhibiting greater efficacy than the existing drugs, against I. multifiliis trophonts in situ. We also verified the proteomic results by RT-qPCR, TEM, cell apoptosis assay.Results: Our results showed that major variations in protein abundance were found among many of the ribosome proteins, indicating ribosome might be a candidate target. Furthermore, GO and KEGG pathway analyses of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) revealed that ribosome and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were remarkably enriched. Taken together, the above DEPs were also verified by RT-qPCR and morphological observations. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the key proteins enriched in PI3K-Akt signal pathway and ribosome pathway as potential targets of MG inhibiting reproduction of I. multifiliis, which could be serve as targets for other less toxic drugs and be tested as potential treatments for I. multifiliis.
Long-term Inflammatory Stimulation Caused by Trauma May Lead to Jejunum Intestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Zhou Jun-min , Li Cheng-fang , Wen Kun-ming
Published: October 2020

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common stromal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract and it is considered to be an aggressive tumor with potentially malignant tendency. GIST is a tumor derived from mesenchymal tissue of the gastrointestinal tract or rarely of intraperitoneal soft tissue. Stem cajal cells from the muscular layer of the digestive tract are the precursor cells of GIST, which are pacemaker cells that cause the intestinal peristalsis and contract. The etiology of GIST is mainly caused by mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA oncogene. Although some papers reported that inflammation can cause tumor formation, it has not been reported that inflammation can cause GIST formation.Case presentation: A 64-year-old male patient was evaluated for recurrent dull pain and discomfort in the left upper abdomen. He had a history of abdominal trauma approximately six years prior. During this period, abdominal pain and fever were intermittent recurrent attacked. Intraoperative jejunum tumors were found to have inflammatory packages. Postoperative pathological examinations showed that the tumor envelope was intact and a large amount of inflammatory cells were seen around the tumor cells. Histopathology of the resected masses was positive for CD117 and Dog-1, and the patient was diagnosed as jejunum GIST.Conclusion: We reported a case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor that may be caused by repeated stimulation of chronic inflammation that caused by trauma. Early detection and timely removal of the inducement of repeated chronic inflammation can effectively prevent the occurrence of GIST.
Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Medical Students in Nepal
Authors: Risal Ajay , Shikhrakar Shreeja , Mishra Sachin , Kunwar Dipak , Karki Eliza , Shrestha Barsha , Khadka Shubekshya , Holen Are
Published: October 2020

Background: Medical students’ psychological response to societal lockdown during the covid-19 pandemic has not been studied much. Our aim was to assess levels of anxiety and depression among medical students during the initial stages of the pandemic in Nepal and relate their distress to psychosocial and other relevant situational variables.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with an online questionnaire was conducted among medical students at different colleges in Nepal. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) detected manifestations of anxiety and depression. The covariates were explored by logistic regression analyses.Results: A total 416 medical students [mean age: 22.2 (2.1); males 57.7%, females 42.3%] participated. HADS-anxiety scores [mean: 7.1(4.3)] were significantly and positively correlated with HADS-depression [mean: 5.9 (4.1)] (r=0.695; p<0.001). Point prevalence of total HADS caseness (HADS-T) was 26.7%. Specific HADS-defined caseness were: anxiety (HADS-A) 11.8%, depression (HADS-D) 5.5%, and comorbid anxiety and depression (HADS-cAD) 9.4%. All four types of caseness were significantly more prevalent among students with a history of mental problems (AOR=4.7, 3.2, 2.6, and 3.2 respectively). HADS-T was higher among those with a concurrent physical illness (AOR=2.4). HADS-T, HADS-A and HADS-D scores were higher among the age group >22 years (AOR= 2.2, 2.5 and 4.4 respectively). HADS-cAD was almost three-times higher among those with a possible COVID-19 exposure (AOR=2.8).Conclusion: A significant number of medical students in Nepal suffered from high levels of anxiety and depression during the covid-19 shut-down. The students in the higher (>22 years) age group, those with past mental disorders, a possible covid-19 exposure, and a concurrent physical illness showed elevated levels of anxiety and/or depression.
Identification of a Prognostic Gene Signature Associated with Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Chen Zhixiang , Ye Luya , Wang Xuechun , Tu Fuquan , Li Xuezhen , Wang Shao-Yuan
Published: October 2020

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematologic malignancy with poor prognosis. Accumulating reports have indicated that the tumor microenvironment (TME) performs a critical role in the progress of the disease and the clinical outcomes of patients. To date, the role of TME in AML remains clouded due to the complex regulatory mechanisms in it. In this study, We identified key prognostic genes relate to TME in AML and developed a novel gene signature for individualized prognosis assessment. Methods: The expression profiles of AML samples with clinical information were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to calculate the TME relevant immune and stromal scores. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected based on the immune and stromal scores. Then, the survival analysis was applied to select prognostic DEGs, and these genes were annotated by functional enrichment analysis. A TME relevant gene signature with predictive capability was constructed by a series of regression analyses and performed well in another cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Moreover, we also developed a nomogram with the integration of the gene signature and clinical indicators to establish an individually quantified risk-scoring system. Results: In the AML microenvironment, a total of 181 DEGs with prognostic value were clarified. Then a seven-gene ( IL1R2, MX1, S100A4, GNGT2, ZSCAN23, PLXNB1 and DPY19L2 ) signature with robust prediction was identified, and was validated by an independent cohort of AML samples from the GSE71014. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of genes in the gene signature revealed these genes mainly enriched in the immune and inflammatory related processes. The correlation between the signature-calculated risk scores and the clinical features indicated that patients with high risk scores were accompanied by adverse survival. Finally, a nomogram with clinical utility was constructed. Conclusion: Our study explored and identified a novel TME relevant seven-gene signature, which could serve as a prognostic indicator for AML. Meanwhile, we also establish a nomogram with clinical significance. These findings might provide new insights into the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of AML.
COVID-19 Metabolomic Profile: A Link Between Lung Dysfunction Markers and Altered Amino Acid Metabolism
Authors: Páez-Franco José C. , Torres-Ruíz José J. , Sosa-Hernandez Víctor A. , Cervantes-Díaz Rodrigo , Romero-Ramírez Sandra , Pérez-Fragoso Alfredo , Meza-Sánchez David E. , Germán-Acacio Juan Manuel , Maravillas-Montero José L. , Mejía-Domínguez Nancy R. , Ponce-de-León Alfredo , Ulloa-Aguirre Alfredo , Gómez-Martín Diana , Llorente Luis
Published: October 2020

We identified the main changes in serum metabolites associated with severe (n=46) and mild (n=19) COVID-19 patients by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The modified metabolic profiles were associated to an altered amino acid catabolism in hypoxic conditions. Noteworthy, three 𝛼-hydroxyl acids of amino acid origin increased with disease severity and correlated with altered oxygen saturation levels and clinical markers of lung damage. We hypothesize that the enzymatic conversion of 𝛼-keto-acids to 𝛼- hydroxyl-acids helps to maintain NAD recycling in patients with altered oxygen levels, highlighting the potential relevance of amino acid supplementation during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Endodontic Management of Rarest case report of Vertucci’s Type II Root Canal Configuration in Single-Rooted Mandibular Second Molar.
Authors: Kumar  Pathak Vivek , Saena Tarun , SINGH . KAUSHAL , SINGH ASTHA
Published: October 2020

Human being has varieties of facial configuration as similar to that of human dentition. Teeth present in the oral cavity having different types of characteristics with in respect to their external and internal anatomical and morphological configurations. This variability of root canal morphology affects the diagnosis, root canal treatment success rate and prognosis that have been always a challenge for a clinician.  Before starting an endodontic therapy, the dental professional should have a sound knowledge about root canal configuration. Vertucci’s type II root canal configuration in single-rooted mandibular second molar is the rarest case. The aim of this case series is to present the management of case of mandibular second molars with the rarest combination of single root and Vertucci’s type II canal configuration.
Rehabilitation of maxillary arch by immediate implant placement and immediate loading using all on 6 protocol : A case report.
Authors: Sharma Aastha , Sethi Nitin , Gupta Rajan , SINGH  JABBAL RAVUDAI
Published: October 2020

Edentulism is a current and relevant oral-health problem which has a negative social and psychological effect on patients’ quality of life. Implant-supported fixed restoration is a well-established treatment method for edentulous patients. Current concepts and techniques in implant dentistry have developed and changed with time to provide better esthetics and functional outcomes quickly.  Immediate loading offers several advantages over conventional loading without compromising the results. An immediate fixed provisional promotes a high level of patient satisfaction with respect to esthetics, phonetics, mastication and psychological comfort, enabling patients to return to their normal routine and maintain quality of life within a short period of time. Other advantages to extraction with simultaneous replacement include the maintenance of vertical dimension, elimination of interim denture therapy, and potential improvement of soft tissue healing.

The aim of the present case report was to demonstrate step wise oral rehabilitation of maxillary arch using all on 6 immediate placement and loading protocols with successful outcome after 2 years follow up.
C-Shaped canal system - A Case report
Authors: Singh Raju Rajender , Mangat Panna , Azhar Saleem , Sana
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

C-shaped canals are anatomic variants in root canal morphology. This c-shaped configuration should be diagnosed earliest as it influences the management of such cases more efficiently. They pose challenges in shaping, cleaning and obturating protocols. We require a file system which can contact and shape all possible surfaces of the c-shaped canal. Some of these file systems are XP-endo shaper files (FKG), SAF (ReDent NOVA). For cleaning, advocated systems are XP- endo finisher files (FKG), SAF, ultrasonic files like irrisafe, sonic  files (endo-activator), endo-vac system. 3-D obturation should be done wih downpack and backfill technique (warm vertical or continuous wave of compaction)
Microbial Adherence of three different suture materials in patients undergoing periodontal flap surgery. A clinical & microbiological study
Authors: Singh Pranav Kumar , Narayan Sarita Joshi , Narayan TV , Yadalam Umesh , Raghava Vijay , Singh Indu
Published: October 2020

proliferation of microbes to the parts open to the oral cavity. Hence, microbial colonization on various intraoral suture materials from patients undergoing periodontal flap surgery and its impact on healing of gingival tissues was

compared.

Patients and Methods: During periodontal flap surgery, three different suture materials (silk, polyamide, & vicryl) were used in 25 patients. Eight days postoperatively, the sutures were removed, and adhered micro-organisms were counted by culturing on nutrient agar.

Additionally clinical parameters, bleeding on probing and papillary position to assess healing were recorded to baseline, at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks.

Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Mean CFU’s for silk, polyamide and vicryl sutures were 6.239 ±1.476 X 108, 2.425 ± 1.010 X 108, 4.431 ± 1.069 X 108.

There was no inter-group statistical difference in the clinical parameters i.e. bleeding on probing, papillary position at all time periods (p>0.05).

There was a significant statistical improvement in bleeding on probing in all the three groups from base line (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrated that bacteria have different affinity towards different suture materials. Monofilament polyamide suture adhered the least amount of bacteria, followed by multifilament vicryl suture, while silk adhered maximum amount of bacteria.

There was no statistically significant difference in the healing of gingival tissues in between all the three groups.

Keywords: Monofilament sutures, Multifilament sutures, Colony forming units, Periodontal flap surgery
Evaluation of apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using Hand K file, Revo S, Protaper Next and Wave One file system: An in vitro study.
Authors: Akhtar Mohd Salman , Agarwal Ankit , Malick Mohammed Ayaz , Khan Sheeba , Yadav Sachin , Agarwal Sajal
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The key step during the root canal treatment is the biomechanical preparation of the infected root canals. This preparation may result in pushing the apical debris through the apical foramen into the periapical space leading to initiation of immunological response by the host leading to postoperative pain and discomfort. Therefore the aim of the study was to compare the apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using Hand k file, Revo S, Protaper Next and Wave One file system.   

Materials and Method: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars with single canal were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 15) for instrumentation with four different files. Group 1: Hand k file, Group 2: Revo S file, Group 3: ProTaper Next, and Group 4: WaveOne single reciprocating file. Debris extruding during instrumentation were collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. These tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days and were then weighed to obtain the final weight, with the extruded debris. Weight of extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test.

Result: For intergroup comparison, significant differences were found for the debris extruded. Instrumentation with hand K files resulted in significantly more debris extrusion apically as compared to other three NiTi groups. Maximum debris extrusion was seen by Hand K file, followed by group 2(Revo S), then group 4(Wave One) and least by group 3(Protaper Next). However, there was no significant difference in debris extrusion amongst groups prepared with either NiTi rotary or reciprocating file systems.

Conclusion: The Pro Taper Next resulted in least debris extrusion when compared to Hand k file, reciprocating Wave One and rotary Revo S. However there was not a significant difference between all the NiTi rotary and reciprocating file system.

Keywords: Apical extrusion debris; Hand k file, instrumentation; ProTaper Next, RevoS and WaveOne.
Vital tooth bleaching- A case report
Authors: Chauhan Sana , Nagar Rohit , Azhar Saleem , Singh Rajendra
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Nothing could be more desirable than a sparkling white smile. A shining, beautiful smile has been a symbol of health & vitality since the centenary. Discoloration of a tooth is a common esthetic problem caused by either extrinsic or intrinsic factor. The normal color of tooth can be re-established by decolorizing the stain with the powerful oxidizing agent such as 35 percent hydrogen peroxide, which is directly placed on the labial surface of the tooth to be treated. Dental bleaching offers a conservative & simplified approach to change the color of discolored teeth. This case report reflects the remarkable change of tooth color by in-office bleaching.
Formation pathway of norsethite dominated by solution chemistry under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhang Yi-Fan , Yao Qi-Zhi , Qian Fei-Jin , Li Han , Zhou Gen-Tao , Fu Sheng-Quan
Published: October 2020

Recently dolomite analogs, including norsethite, kutnahorite, and PbMg(CO3)2, etc., have attracted much attention due to their dolomite-like crystallographic structure and the resulting potential in solving “dolomite problem.” Previous studies indicate that mechanisms that underlie the formation of norsethite exhibit some similarities to pathways of dolomite crystallization. However, the crystallization behavior of norsethite is still poorly understood, and the physicochemical factors regulating the process are not yet fully established. Herein, to determine the relationships between solution chemistry and formation pathway of norsethite, a series of experiments for the synthesis of norsethite from the solutions with different concentrations of Mg2+ and Ba2+ by a CO2 gas-diffusion method was carried out under ambient conditions. The morphology and phase composition of the products were investigated by a range of techniques, including XRD, FESEM, micro-Raman, and FTIR techniques. ICP-AES was used to monitor the evolution of the concentrations of Mg2+ and Ba2+ in the mineralization solutions. Our observations suggest that the formation pathway of norsethite strongly depends on Mg/Ba ratio in solution, and pure norsethite can directly crystallize from the solutions with Mg/Ba ratio ranging in 20–40. This is the first time to report the direct precipitation of dolomite analogs at ambient temperatures. It suggests that direct precipitation is a feasible pathway for cation ordering structure formation under ambient conditions.
Targeting mixtures of jarosite and clay minerals for Mars exploration
Authors: Hinman Nancy W. , Bishop Janice L. , Gulick Virginia C. , Dettmann J. Michelle Kotler , Morkner Paige , Berlanga Genesis , Henneberger Ruth M. , Bergquist Peter , Richardson Charles Doc , Walter Malcolm R. , MacKenzie Lindsay A. , Anitori Roberto P. , Scott Jill R.
Published: October 2020

Terrestrial thermal environments can serve as analogs for subsurface environments in the search for life because they regularly host microbial communities, which may leave behind biosignatures. This study focused on an acid-sulfate hydrothermal site as an analog for a potentially habitable environment on Mars. A weathered boulder in the thermal area was dissected, revealing an interior marked with disconnected horizons of differently colored materials, very low pH, and increasing temperature. The mineralogy comprised weathering products from andesite (kaolinite, quartz, clinoptilolite) along with sulfate salts (alunite, jarosite, tschermigite, and copiapite) formed by oxidation of sulfide and ferrous iron. Characterization of organic matter in this boulder and several soil samples yielded interesting but surprising results. Both mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy identified organic compounds in portions of the soils and the boulder. Jarosite-associated samples showed more numerous and diverse organic signatures than did Al-bearing silicate samples, despite the lower total organic carbon content of the jarosite-associated soils (0.69 ± 0.07 wt% Corg) compared to the Al-bearing samples (1.28 ± 0.13 wt% Corg). Results from our geochemical, mineralogical, and spectroscopic study of hydrothermal alteration products and salts inform the heterogeneous distribution of inorganic and organic materials that could delineate habitats and demonstrate the limits on organic matter detectability using different analytical techniques. Furthermore, we relate our measurements and results directly to current and upcoming martian missions, and we provide recommendations for detection and characterization of minerals and organics as biosignatures on Mars using instruments on future missions.
The physiological quality of ‘Chilli pepper’ seeds, extracted from fruits harvested at different stages of maturation, with and without post-harvest rest
Authors: Nakda-Freitas Pâmela Gomes , Lanna Natália de Brito Lima , Silva Priscilla Nátaly de Lima , Bardiviesso Estefânia Martins , Tavares Ana Emília Barbosa , Claudio Marina Toledo Rodrigues , Cardoso Antonio Ismael Inácio , Magro Felipe Oliveira , Araújo Humberto Sampaio
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of ‘Chilli pepper’ seeds, extracted from fruits harvested at different stages of maturation, with and without post-harvest rest. Twelve treatments resulted from the 6 x 2 factorial, with six maturation stages (100% green fruits, 90% green and 10% orange fruits, 10% green and 90% orange fruits, 100% orange fruits, 100% red fruits and 100 % matte red fruits, corresponding to 44, 53, 60, 63, 70 and 73 days after anthesis (DAA), respectively), and fruits with and without rest for seven days. Seeds were evaluated two months after extraction as well as after 14 months of storage in a dry chamber (40% relative humidity and 20°C). The characteristics evaluated were: weight of a thousand seeds, germination, first count, electrical conductivity, emergency test and shoot length of seedlings. Fruits of orange chilli pepper 'Malagueta' kept at rest for seven days and bright red fruits and matte without rest produce seeds with physiological quality, which are maintained after a period of 14 months stored in a chamber with 40% relative humidity at 20°C.
Application of phosphate fertilization on banana hybrid ‘FHIA 18’and its impact on production performance
Authors: Bolfarini Ana Carolina Batista , Putti Fernando Ferrari , Souza Jackson Mirellys Azevedo , Silva Marcelo de Souza , Ferreira Rafael Bibiano , Leonel Magali , Tecchio Marco Antonio , Leonel Sarita
Published: October 2020

FHIA 18 is a hybrid banana that could replace cultivar Prata, which is highly affected by Black Sigatoka and Panama disease. Still, there is a paucity of literature on FHIA 18 nutrient requirements, especially phosphorus. Nevertheless, we aimed to estimate the best phosphorus levels and its effect on the productive characteristics of FHIA 18 during three crop cycles in the city of São Manuel, state of São Paulo. Triple superphosphate has been given at recommended rates of 0, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 year-1 for three crop cycles that occurred in January 2014 (first cycle), August 2014 (second cycle) and June 2015 (third cycle). Results indicated that maximum fruit number per bunch was achieved at 30 and 26 kg P2O5 ha-1, corresponding to second and third cycle, respectively. Moreover, there was an increase in bunch mass, fruit mass, number of hands per bunch, mass and length of the fruit in the second hand, when P2O5 reached its maximum values from 20 to 34 kg P2O5 ha-1 year-1, but fruits diameter decreased. Results also showed that FHIA 18 required lower level of P2O5 to achieve maximum yield than the recommended doses for other banana cultivars in the state of São Paulo. Therefore, this current study recommends a rate of 22 kg P2O5 ha-1 year-1 for FHIA 18 to reach its maximum production.
Factors influencing the germination and emergence of tall windmill grass (Chloris polydactyla) and swollen fingergrass (Chloris barbata)
Authors: Albrecht Alfredo Junior Paiola , Barroso Arthur Arrobas Martins , Placido Henrique Fabrício , Silva André Felipe Moreira , Albrecht Leandro Paiola , Krenchinski Fábio Henrique , Filho Ricardo Victoria , Baccin Luisa Carolina
Published: October 2020

This study characterized the germination of seeds of Chloris polydactyla (synonymy Chloris elata) and Chloris barbata at varying temperature, luminosity, soil texture and cover. The first experiment WAS conducted in laboratory to determine the temperature and light effects on germination of these species. The experimental design was a 2x7 factorial, where 2 represents the absence/presence of light and 7 temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C. The second experiment was conducted in greenhouse to determine effect of edaphic factors on seedling emergence, in a 3x6 factorial arrangement, consisting of 3 soil textures (sandy, medium and clayey) and 6 sowing depths (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm). The third experiment was conducted in greenhouse to determine soil cover effects and to evaluate the percentage reduction of dry matter of weeds, where the treatments were mulching with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1 sugarcane straw. All experiments were conducted in completely randomized design, analyzed separately for each species. No seed was germinated under absence of light. Both species achieved better germination in medium textured soil. It was observed that the emergence of the species was low even without straw. Chloris showed better germination under higher temperatures of 30ºC and 35ºC, although exhibited a drastic decline in the emergence with the increase in soil depth or mulching with sugarcane straw. Greater germination of these weeds occurs in medium textured soils.
Cotton is a promising crop for soil sustainability
Authors: Alves Emanoel Costa , Souza Mayara Andrade , Andrade Alberício Pereira , Arriel Nair Helena de Castro , Albuquerque Fábio Aquino , Bruno Riselane Lucena de Alcântara
Published: October 2020

The coloured cotton crop is the best agroecological alternatives for farmers in semi-arid of Northeasthern region. Cultivation of BRS Verde cotton has been a success on productivity in this region. The practice of monoculture in cotton crop has caused loss of soil quality over the years. The organisms present in the soil are sensitive to changes of land use and management. They are excellent environmental bio indicators, representing important tool to evaluate impacts on ecosystems. In this context, the aim of this research was to evaluate the abundance and diversity of edaphic macrofauna under different management systems in the cotton crop. The design was a randomized complete block design with four replicates with five treatments in 5 collection seasons. The plots consisted of 8 lines spaced 1.0 x 0.30 m for all crops. Three PROVID traps were distributed to capture soil organisms, totally 12 samples/treatments. We identified taxonomic groups, density of organisms, ecological indexes of diversity and wealth of groups. In view of the results, we concluded that the cotton + maize consortium favoured increase of individual’s abundance and richness of faunistic groups. This cotton + maize consortium showed to be a promising alternative for better management and sustainability of the system. We also showed that soil macrofauna is a good indicator of soil quality in different cotton growing systems.
Optimization of the tetrazolium test in three species of orchids of the Andean forest
Authors: Mercado Seir Antonio Salazar , Caleño Jesús David Quintero , Suárez Jhan Piero Rojas
Published: October 2020

In order to improve the cultivation and conservation of orchid species, it is important to assess the physiological quality of orchid seeds. One of the most traditional tests for analysing seed quality is the tetrazolium test, whose effectiveness is known to improve with pre-treatment of the seeds. As a result, this study compared various pre-treatments to determine how efficient they were at optimising the tetrazolium test in seeds belonging to Cyrtochilum aemulun, Elleanthus aurantiacus and Lephantes sp. The experiment was based on five different pre-treatment solutions, after which the seeds were exposed to tetrazolium at two different concentrations and for three different exposure times. First, the seeds were soaked for ten minutes in one of five pre-treatment solutions: chlorine 0.5%, chlorine 1%, deionised water, sucrose solution 10% (w/v) or a control in which no pre-treatment was applied. After pre-treatment, the seeds were soaked in the dark in a tetrazolium solution, either at 0.25% concentration or at 1.0% concentration, and for either 6, 24 or 48 hours. The control seeds exposed to no pre-treatment showed an increase in the viability of Lephantes sp. at significant difference from the pre-treated seeds. Similarly, pre-treatment with 10% sucrose produced an increase in the tetrazolium test’s effectiveness in E.aurantiacus seeds, with significant differences from the control in most treatments. Therefore, the use of sucrose as a pre-treatment is recommended, in addition to increasing the concentration and exposure time of the seeds.
In vitro response of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) inflorescence explants to high 2iP and 2,4-D concentrations
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana Martins , Teixeira Silvio Lopes , Souza Joselita Cardoso de , Ribeiro Brenda Lima , Oliveira Antônio Bruno Nunes , Neto Thiago Francisco de Souza Carneiro , Rios Lucas Silva , Vieira e Reivandson dos Santos
Published: October 2020

One of the major problems related to the implementation of date palm crops in Brazil is propagation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using tissue culture technique for the in vitro propagation of this species. Hence, the effect of 2iP and 2,4-D on the in vitro response of date palm inflorescence tissues, related to floral bud swelling, callusing, and rhizogenesis, was evaluated. The absence of 2,4-D was more detrimental to the in vitro response of inflorescence bud explants than absence of 2iP. In treatments without addition of 2,4-D to the culture medium, explants did not have swelling, callus or root formation. The treatment containing 150 mg/L 2,4-D in the presence of 1.5 mg/L 2iP initiated explant swelling, and treatments with either 100 mg/L or 150 mg/L 2,4-D, combined with 3.0 mg/L 2iP, were also efficient in stimulating in vitro swelling of inflorescence buds. Rhizogenesis was induced at the highest concentrations of 2,4-D (100 and 150 mg/L), combined with 4.5 mg/L 2iP, and was visually more evident in the treatment containing 150 mg/L 2,4-D + 4.5 mg/L 2iP. These results suggest that even higher concentrations of these two reagents might be efficient in the micropropagation of new existing date palm genotypes in the Submedium São Francisco River Valley.
Nitrogen fertilization management in common bean and castor bean intercropping systems
Authors: Silva Gisele C. , Araujo Marcos Eduardo V. , Almeida Veridiana F.R. , Araújo Rodrigo S.L. , Lourenço Amanda Cristina E. , Lisboa Cristiane F. , Teixeira Itamar R. , Silva Maryelle B. , Sousa Westefann S. , Silva Alessandro G.
Published: October 2020

The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutrition and agronomic characteristics of common bean and castor bean under intercropping subject of nitrogen fertilization in top dressing. A randomized block design in a 2×2×4 + 4 factorial scheme was used, and there were three replicates. The treatments consisted of two common bean cultivars (Pontal and Pérola), which were intercropped with two castor bean cultivars (Energia and Paraguaçu), and combined with four nitrogen treatments (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1). Four additional treatments involved bean and castor bean cultivars at a single dosage of 40 kg ha-1 nitrogen. The nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur contents in castor bean intercropped with common bean leaves were influenced by nitrogen treatments. For common bean applied as top dressing, the maximum grain yields were 1,122 and 1,024 kg ha-1 for cultivars (cvs.) Pontal and Pérola, respectively, with a dose of 100 kg ha-1 nitrogen. Similar results were observed for castor bean, for whom 100 kg ha-1nitrogen provided the largest number of bunches and number of berries per bunch and the highest grain yield. The maximum values observed were 38 and 27 bunches per plant, 27.6 and 35.4 berries per bunch and 1,474 and 1,286 kg ha-1 grain yield for cvs. Paraguaçu and Energia, respectively.
Phenology of Croton blachetianus Baill in a dry tropical forest associated with the dynamics of temporal variability of rainfall
Authors: Andrade Alberício Pereira de , Junior João Luciano de Andrade Melo , Bruno Riselane de Lucena Alcântara , Magalhães André Luiz Rodrigues , Melo Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade , Silva Divan Soares da , Valença Roberta de Lima
Published: October 2020

In the semi-arid environment, the synchronism and the magnitude of the precipitation pulses are indispensable for the ecological processes, mainly due to the availability of water in the soil for the plants and to the microbiological activity of the soil. The present study aimed to determine the vegetative and reproductive phenological behavior of Croton blachetianus Baill in areas of Caatinga. The hypothesis was that the occurrence of the phenophases is synchronized with the spatial and temporal distribution of the precipitation pulses, under semi-arid conditions. For the phenological study, 50 tree individuals were selected, marked and monitored weekly, recording the presence and absence of the phenophases of sprouting, appearance of flower buds, flowering (anthesis), fruiting and senescence, whose data were related to the water pulses and inter-pulses. The method proposed by Fournier was used to estimate the percentage of the intensity of the phenophases in each individual. The phenological data of intensity of each phenophase (sprouting, flower-bud, flowering, fruiting and senescence) were related to the distribution of rain pulses and through Spearman’s correlation coefficient, using the number of individuals under each phenophase and the daily climate data. The vegetative and reproductive phenological behavior of C. blachetianus reflected the seasonal pattern of precipitation. The intensity and duration of the phenophases depended on the extent and frequency of the rain pulses during the rainy season. Total leaf senescence happened when the precipitation inter-pulses intensified as the dry season progressed, characterizing deciduousness.
Cadmium toxicity and phytoremediation in trees - A review
Authors: Conceição Susana Silva , Cruz Flávio José Rodrigues , Lima Edson Ugulino , Lima Vittorio Ugulino , Teixeira Jéssica Suellen Silva , Sousa Diana Jhulia Palheta de , Yakuwa Tiago Kesajiro Moraes , Barbosa Antônio Vinícius Correa , Neto Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

Over time, the anthropic activity has contributed to alter biogeochemical cycle of heavy metals by releasing contaminants into water, soil and air. Due to contamination of environments with heavy metals, plants and animals consumed by population have presented some level of contamination, which has caused worries and also attempts to minimize these problem. Among heavy metals, cadmium is one of the most toxic to living creatures, occupying seventh position in toxic substances ranking, even with very low concentrations. One of measures adopted to reduce negative impact of soil contamination by heavy metals is phytoremediation. It consists of use of plants that tolerate presence of heavy metals in soil, absorbing, translocating and compartmentalizing them in aerial part, with little or no negative impact on plant growth. Among plants, trees are the most suitable for phytoremediation due to their considerable production of air biomass, which is associated with higher accumulation and consequently higher extraction of heavy metals. In this review, we address main nutritional, biochemical, physiological and molecular aspects of cadmium toxicity in plants, emphasizing role of trees in phytoremediation studies, especially recent studies on Khaya ivorensis or african mahogany and its cadmium phytoremediation potential.
Genetic and nutritional diversity of Bacillus subtilis isolates demonstrating different aspects related to plant growth promotion
Authors: Santos Bianca de Melo Silveira dos , Silva Maura Santos dos Reis de Andrade , Chávez Davy William Hidalgo , Rigobelo Everlon Cid
Published: October 2020

Currently, agricultural practices have been undergoing intense transformations, imposing major challenges such as maintaining productivity with lower production costs and environmental impacts. One of the alternatives to meet these requirements is the use of plant growth promoting bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis. However, different isolates may express different aspects and levels of plant growth promotion. The present study aimed to verify the genetic and nutritional diversity of eight B. subtilis isolates, demonstrating different aspects and levels of plant growth promotion. Eight B. subtilis isolates were analyzed as to their nutritional diversity by BiologEcoPlate TM kit, genetic diversity by Box-PCR, and a trial in greenhouse conditions. The experimental design in greenhouse trial was completely randomized with 9 treatments and five replicates, resulting in 45 pots. Treatments were eight Bacillus subtilis strains, and a control treatment using plants without bacterial inoculation. Isolates 290 and 287 are genetically similar, while isolates 248 and 263 also showed similarity. Genetic and substrate consumption (carbon) analyses showed differences and similarities among isolates, allowing the distribution of isolates into different groups. It was observed that the isolate with the highest ability to promote plant growth was the only isolate that consumed glycyl-L- glutamic acid. These results open the way for further investigations in an attempt to clarify what are the conditions and / or characteristics required by isolates for the plant growth promotion to be more effective.