bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shear Strengthening Performance of Hybrid FRP-FRCM
Authors: Jung Kyusan , Hong Kinam , Han Sanghoon , Park Jaekyu , Kim Jaehyun
Published: October 2015

The effectiveness of a hybrid fiber reinforced polymer- (FRP-) fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) for shear strengthening was investigated though an experimental study. FRP materials of FRCM are usually fabricated in the form of a fabric to enhance the bond strength between the FRP material and the cementitious matrix. The hybrid FRP fabric used in this study consisted of carbon FRP (CFRP) and glass FRP (GFRP) in warp and weft directions, respectively. A total of 11 beams were fabricated and 8 beams among them were strengthened in shear with externally bonded hybrid FRP-FRCM. The number of plies, the bond types, and the spacing of the hybrid FRP fabric were considered as experimental variables. Additionally, a shear capacity model for a FRCM shear strengthened beam was proposed. The values predicted by the proposed model were compared with those by the ACI 549 code and test results. It was confirmed from the comparison that the proposed model predicted the shear strengthening performance of the hybrid FRP-FRCM more reliably than the ACI 549 code did.
A Polysomnographic Study of Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Architecture
Authors: Martinez-Ramirez Daniel , De Jesus Sol , Walz Roger , Cervantes-Arriaga Amin , Peng-Chen Zhongxing , Okun Michael S. , Alatriste-Booth Vanessa , Rodríguez-Violante Mayela
Published: October 2015

Sleep disturbance is a common nonmotor phenomenon in Parkinson’s disease (PD) affecting patient’s quality of life. In this study, we examined the association between clinical characteristics with sleep disorders and sleep architecture patterns in a PD cohort. Patients underwent a standardized polysomnography study (PSG) in their “on medication” state. We observed that male gender and disease duration were independently associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Only lower levodopa equivalent dose (LED) was associated with periodic limb movement disorders (PLMD). REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) was more common among older patients, with higher MDS-UPDRS III scores, and LED. None of the investigated variables were associated with the awakenings/arousals (A/A). Sleep efficiency was predicted by amantadine usage and age, while sleep stage 1 was predicted by dopamine agonists and Hoehn & Yahr severity. The use of MAO-B inhibitors and MDS-UPDRS part III were predictors of sleep stages 2 and 3. Age was the only predictor of REM sleep stage and gender for total sleep time. We conclude that sleep disorders and architecture are poorly predictable by clinical PD characteristics and other disease related factors must also be contributing to these sleep disturbances.
Liver Expression of Sulphotransferase 2A1 Enzyme Is Impaired in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Lack of the Response to Enhanced Expression of PXR
Authors: Wunsch Ewa , Klak Marta , Wasik Urszula , Milkiewicz Malgorzata , Blatkiewicz Malgorzata , Urasinska Elzbieta , Barbier Olivier , Bielicki Dariusz , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Elias Elwyn , Milkiewicz Piotr
Published: October 2015

Background/Aim. Sulphotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1) exerts hepatoprotective effects. Transcription ofSULT2A1gene is induced by pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) and can be repressed by miR-378a-5p. We studied the PXR/SULT2A1 axis in chronic cholestatic conditions: primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).Materials/Methods. Western-blot/PCRs for SULT2A1/PXR were performed in PSC (n=11), PBC (n=19), and control liver tissues (n=19).PXRandSULT2A1mRNA was analyzed in intestinal tissues from 22 PSC patients. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood of PSC patients (n=120) and an equal number of healthy volunteers. Liver miRNA expression was evaluated using Affymetrix-Gene-Chip miRNA4.0.Results. Increased PXR protein was observed in both PSC and PBC compared to controls and was accompanied by a significant increase of SULT2A1 in PBC but not in PSC. Decreased expression ofSULT2A1mRNA was also seen in ileum of patients with PSC. Unlike PBC, miRNA analysis in PSC has shown a substantial increase in liver miR-378a-5p.Conclusions.PSC is characterized by disease-specific impairment of SULT2A1 expression following PXR activation, a phenomenon which is not noted in PBC, and may account for the impaired hepatoprotection in PSC. miRNA analysis suggests that SULT2A1 expression in PSC may be regulated by miR-378a-5p, connoting its pathogenic role.
Collagen/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Based Synthetic Bone Grafts via Dehydrothermal Processing
Authors: Sarikaya Burcu , Aydin Halil Murat
Published: October 2015

Millions of patients worldwide remain inadequately treated for bone defects related to factors such as disease or trauma. The drawbacks of metallic implant and autograft/allograft use have steered therapeutic approaches towards tissue engineering solutions involving tissue regeneration scaffolds. This study proposes a composite scaffold with properties tailored to address the macro- and microenvironmental conditions deemed necessary for successful regeneration of bone in defect areas. The biodegradable scaffold composed of porous beta-tricalcium phosphate particles and collagen type I fibers is prepared from a mixture of collagen type-I andβ-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) particles via lyophilization, followed by dehydrothermal (DHT) processing. The effects of both sterilization via gamma radiation and the use of DHT processing to achieve cross-linking were investigated. The impact of the chosen fabrication methods on scaffold microstructure andβ-TCP particle-collagen fiber combinations were analyzed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and microcomputerized tomography (µ-CT). Electron spinning resonance (ESR) analysis was used to investigate free radicals formation following sterilization. Results revealed that the highly porous (65% porosity at an average of 100 µm pore size), mechanically adequate, and biocompatible scaffolds can be utilized for bone defect repairs.
Histological Comparison in Rats between Carbonate Apatite Fabricated from Gypsum and Sintered Hydroxyapatite on Bone Remodeling
Authors: Ayukawa Yasunori , Suzuki Yumiko , Tsuru Kanji , Koyano Kiyoshi , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: October 2015

Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), the form of apatite found in bone, has recently attracted attention. The purpose of the present study was to histologically evaluate the tissue/cellular response toward the low-crystalline CO3Ap fabricated using a dissolution-precipitation reaction with set gypsum as a precursor. When set gypsum was immersed in a 100°C 1 mol/L Na3PO4aqueous solution for 24 h, the set gypsum transformed into CO3Ap. Both CO3Ap and sintered hydroxyapatite (s-HAp), which was used as a control, were implanted into surgically created tibial bone defects of rats for histological evaluation. Two and 4 weeks after the implantation, histological sections were created and observed using light microscopy. The CO3Ap granules revealed both direct apposition of the bone matrix by osteoblasts and osteoclastic resorption. In contrast, the s-HAp granules maintained their contour even after 4 weeks following implantation which implied that there was a lack of replacement into the bone. The s-HAp granules were sometimes encapsulated with fibrous tissue, and macrophage polykaryon was occasionally observed directly apposed to the implanted granules. From the viewpoint of bone remodeling, the CO3Ap granules mimicked the bone matrix, suggesting that CO3Ap may be an appropriate bone substitute.
Magnet-Facilitated Selection of Electrogenic Bacteria from Marine Sediment
Authors: Kiseleva Larisa , Briliute Justina , Khilyas Irina V. , Simpson David J. W. , Fedorovich Viacheslav , Cohen M. , Goryanin Igor
Published: October 2015

Some bacteria can carry out anaerobic respiration by depositing electrons on external materials, such as electrodes, thereby creating an electrical current. Into the anode chamber of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) having abiotic air-cathodes we inoculated microorganisms cultured from a magnetic particle-enriched portion of a marine tidal sediment, reasoning that since some external electron acceptors are ferromagnetic, electrogenic bacteria should be found in their vicinity. Two MFCs, one inoculated with a mixed bacterial culture and the other with an axenic culture of a helical bacterium isolated from the magnetic particle enrichment, termed strain HJ, were operated for 65 d. Both MFCs produced power, with production from the mixed culture MFC exceeding that of strain HJ. Strain HJ was identified as aThalassospirasp. by transmission electron microscopic analysis and 16S rRNA gene comparisons. An MFC inoculated with strain HJ and operated in open circuit produced 47% and 57% of the maximal power produced from MFCs inoculated with the known electrogenGeobacter daltoniiand the magnetotactic bacteriumDesulfamplus magnetomortis, respectively. Further investigation will be needed to determine whether bacterial populations associated with magnetic particles within marine sediments are enriched for electrogens.
Overview of the Diagnostic Methods Used in the Field for Human African Trypanosomiasis: What Could Change in the Next Years?
Authors: Bonnet Julien , Boudot Clotilde , Courtioux Bertrand
Published: October 2015

Sleeping sickness is a parasitic infection caused by two species of trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei gambienseandrhodesiense), transmitted by the tsetse fly. The disease eventually affects the central nervous system, resulting in severe neurological symptoms. Without treatment, death is inevitable. During the first stage of the disease, infected patients are mildly symptomatic and early detection of infection allows safer treatment (administered on an outpatient basis) which can avoid death; routine screening of the exposed population is necessary, especially in areas of high endemicity. The current therapeutic treatment of this disease, especially in stage 2, can cause complications and requires a clinical surveillance for several days. A good stage diagnosis of the disease is the cornerstone for delivering the adequate treatment. The task faced by the medical personnel is further complicated by the lack of support from local health infrastructure, which is at best weak, but often nonexistent. Therefore it is crucial to look for new more efficient technics for the diagnosis of stage which are also best suited to use in the field, in areas not possessing high-level health facilities. This review, after an overview of the disease, summarizes the current diagnosis procedures and presents the advances in the field.
Modeling the Effects of Multiple Intervention Strategies on Controlling Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Authors: Mushayabasa Steady , Tapedzesa Gift
Published: October 2015

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a threat to economic security and infrastructure as well as animal health, in both developed and developing countries. We propose and analyze an optimal control problem where the control system is a mathematical model for FMD that incorporates vaccination and culling of infectious animals. The control functions represent the fraction of animals that are vaccinated during an outbreak, infectious symptomatic animals that are detected and culled, and infectious nonsymptomatic animals that are detected and culled. Our aim was to study how these control measures should be implemented for a certain time period, in order to reduce or eliminate FMD in the community, while minimizing the interventions implementation costs. A cost-effectiveness analysis is carried out, to compare the application of each one of the control measures, separately or in combination.
Composite Scaffolds Based on Silver Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Patrascu Jenel Marian , Nedelcu Ioan Avram , Sonmez Maria , Ficai Denisa , Ficai Anton , Vasile Bogdan Stefan , Ungureanu Camelia , Albu Madalina Georgiana , Andor Bogdan , Andronescu Ecaterina , Rusu Laura Cristina
Published: October 2015

This paper presents the synthesis, characterisation, and in vitro testing of homogenous and heterogeneous materials containing silver nanoparticles (nanoAg). Three types of antiseptic materials based on collagen (COLL), hydroxyapatite (HA), and collagen/hydroxyapatite (COLL/HA) composite materials were obtained. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was realized by chemical reaction as well as plasma sputtering deposition. The use of chemical reduction allows the synthesis of homogenous materials while the plasma sputtering deposition can be easily used for the synthesis of homogeneous and heterogeneous support. Based on the in vitro assays clear antiseptic activity against Escherichia coli was relieved even at low content of nanoAg (10 ppm).
Coordinated Stability Control of Wind-Thermal Hybrid AC/DC Power System
Authors: Yao Zhiqing , Hao Zhenghang , Chen Zhuo , Yan Zhiguo
Published: October 2015

The wind-thermal hybrid power transmission will someday be the main form of transmitting wind power in China but such transmission mode is poor in system stability. In this paper, a coordinated stability control strategy is proposed to improve the system stability. Firstly, the mathematical model of doubly fed wind farms and DC power transmission system is established. The rapid power controllability of large-scale wind farms is discussed based on DFIG model and wide-field optical fiber delay feature. Secondly, low frequency oscillation and power-angle stability are analyzed and discussed under the hybrid transmission mode of a conventional power plant with wind farms. A coordinated control strategy for the wind-thermal hybrid AC/DC power system is proposed and an experimental prototype is made. Finally, real time simulation modeling is set up through Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), including wind power system and synchronous generator system and DC power transmission system. The experimental prototype is connected with RTDS for joint debugging. Joint debugging result shows that, under the coordinated control strategy, the experimental prototype is conductive to enhance the grid damping and effectively prevents the grid from occurring low frequency oscillation. It can also increase the transient power-angle stability of a power system.
Perovskite Solar Cells: Potentials, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Imran , Habib Amir , Javaid Syed Saad
Published: October 2015

Heralded as a major scientific breakthrough of 2013, organic/inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells have ushered in a new era of renewed efforts at increasing the efficiency and lowering the cost of solar energy. As a potential game changer in the mix of technologies for alternate energy, it has emerged from a modest beginning in 2012 to efficiencies being claimed at 20.1% in a span of just two years. This remarkable progress, encouraging at one end, also points to the possibility that the potential may still be far from being fully realized. With greater insight into the photophysics involved and optimization of materials and methods, this technology stands to match or even exceed the efficiencies for single crystal silicon solar cells. With thin film solution processability, applicability to flexible substrates, and being free of liquid electrolyte, this technology combines the benefits of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs), and thin film solar cells. In this review we present a brief historic perspective to this development, take a cognizance of the current state of the art, and highlight challenges and the opportunities.
Losslessness of Nonlinear Stochastic Discrete-Time Systems
Authors: Liu Xikui , Li Yan , Gao Ning
Published: October 2015

This paper will study stochastic losslessness theory for nonlinear stochastic discrete-time systems, which are expressed by the Itô-type difference equations. A necessary and sufficient condition is developed for a nonlinear stochastic discrete-time system to be lossless. By the stochastic lossless theory, we show that a nonlinear stochastic discrete-time system can be lossless via state feedback if and only if it has relative degree0,…,0and lossless zero dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed results is illustrated by a numerical example.
Priority Based Congestion Control Dynamic Clustering Protocol in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Beulah Jayakumari R. , Jawahar Senthilkumar V.
Published: October 2015

Wireless sensor network is widely used to monitor natural phenomena because natural disaster has globally increased which causes significant loss of life, economic setback, and social development. Saving energy in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is a critical factor to be considered. The sensor nodes are deployed to sense, compute, and communicate alerts in a WSN which are used to prevent natural hazards. Generally communication consumes more energy than sensing and computing; hence cluster based protocol is preferred. Even with clustering, multiclass traffic creates congested hotspots in the cluster, thereby causing packet loss and delay. In order to conserve energy and to avoid congestion during multiclass traffic a novel Priority Based Congestion Control Dynamic Clustering (PCCDC) protocol is developed. PCCDC is designed with mobile nodes which are organized dynamically into clusters to provide complete coverage and connectivity. PCCDC computes congestion at intra‐ and intercluster level using linear and binary feedback method. Each mobile node within the cluster has an appropriate queue model for scheduling prioritized packet during congestion without drop or delay. Simulation results have proven that packet drop, control overhead, and end‐to‐end delay are much lower in PCCDC which in turn significantly increases packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, and residual energy when compared with PASCC protocol.
Synthesis and Properties of Magnetic Carbon Nanocages Particles for Dye Removal
Authors: Qin Hengfei , Huang Yongkui , Liu Siyu , Fang Yao , Li Xi , Kang Shifei
Published: October 2015

Magnetic carbon nanocages (MCNCs) with multiform pore structure have been synthesized by a simple low temperature carbonization process. Biorenewable lignin was used as a cheap and carbon‐rich precursor for the first time. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption‐desorption, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectrum. XRD pattern and Raman spectrum showed that the product has a high degree of graphitization crystallinity. TEM micrograph indicated that the synthesized MCNCs have the hierarchical pore and cage structure. Due to these characteristics, the obtained magnetic carbon nanocages can be used as efficient and recycled adsorbents in the removal of dye staff from textile wastewater.
Experimental Study on Bond Behavior between Plain Reinforcing Bars and Concrete
Authors: Xing Guohua , Zhou Cheng , Wu Tao , Liu Boquan
Published: October 2015

To evaluate the bond behavior between the reinforcing bar and surrounding concrete, a total of six-group pullout specimens with plain steel bars and two-group specimens with deformed steel bars, serving as a reference, are experimentally investigated and presented in this study. The main test parameters of this investigation include embedment length, surface type of reinforcing bars, and bar diameter. In particular, the bond mechanism of plain steel reinforcing bars against the surrounding concrete was analyzed by comparing with six-group pullout specimens with aluminium alloy bars. The results indicated that the bond stress experienced by plain bars is quite lower than that of the deformed bars given equal structural characteristics and details. Averagely, plain bars appeared to develop only 18.3% of the bond stress of deformed bars. Differing from the bond strength of plain steel bars, which is based primarily on chemical adhesion and friction force, the bond stress of aluminium alloy bars is mainly experienced by chemical adhesion and about 0.21~0.56 MPa, which is just one-tenth of that of plain steel bars. Based on the test results, a bond-slip model at the interface between concrete and plain bars is put forward.
Endothelial Expression of Scavenger Receptor Class B, Type I Protects against Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Vaisman Boris L. , Vishnyakova Tatyana G. , Freeman Lita A. , Amar Marcelo J. , Demosky Stephen J. , Liu Chengyu , Stonik John A. , Sampson Maureen L. , Pryor Milton , Bocharov Alexander V. , Eggerman Thomas L. , Patterson Amy P. , Remaley Alan T.
Published: October 2015

The role of scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) in endothelial cells (EC) was examined in several novel transgenic mouse models expressing SR-BI in endothelium of mice with normal C57Bl6/N, apoE-KO, orScarb1-KO backgrounds. Mice were also created expressing SR-BI exclusively in endothelium and liver. Endothelial expression of the Tie2-Scarb1transgene had no significant effect on plasma lipoprotein levels in mice on a normal chow diet but on an atherogenic diet, significantly decreased plasma cholesterol levels, increased plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and protected mice against atherosclerosis. In 8-month-old apoE-KO mice fed a normal chow diet, the Tie2-Scarb1transgene decreased aortic lesions by 24%. Mice expressing SR-BI only in EC and liver had a 1.5 ± 0.1-fold increase in plasma cholesterol compared to mice synthesizing SR-BI only in liver. This elevation was due mostly to increased HDL-C. In EC culture studies, SR-BI was found to be present in both basolateral and apical membranes but greater cellular uptake of cholesterol from HDL was found in the basolateral compartment. In summary, enhanced expression of SR-BI in EC resulted in a less atherogenic lipoprotein profile and decreased atherosclerosis, suggesting a possible role for endothelial SR-BI in the flux of cholesterol across EC.
Interface Bond Characterization between Fiber and Cementitious Matrix
Authors: Choi Won-Chang , Jang Seok-Joon , Yun Hyun-Do
Published: October 2015

The use of high performance composite fibers allows for the improvement of the mechanical properties of cement composites. Previous research results indicate that the mechanical properties of such composites are determined predominantly by the interface properties between the fiber and cementitious matrix. Many researchers have conducted single-fiber pull-out tests using cementitious composites to quantify the interfacial properties between the fiber and cement matrix. This paper aims to establish a design methodology that employs coefficients to represent the design parameters for the interfacial properties for three types of fibers: carbon fiber, polypropylene fiber, and twisted wire strand steel cord. The parameters for each type of fiber include the water-to-binder ratio and fiber embedment length. The adopted equation used for the numerical analysis was calibrated using experimental data, and design coefficients are proposed accordingly. The developed models could be validated successfully, and the pull-out characteristics of each fiber type are presented.
Prediction of Chloride Penetration into Hardening Concrete
Authors: Fan Wei-Jie , Wang Xiao-Yong
Published: October 2015

In marine and coastal environments, penetration of chloride ions is one of the main mechanisms causing concrete reinforcement corrosion. Currently, most of experimental investigations about submerged penetration of chloride ions are started after the four-week standard curing of concrete. The further hydration of cement and reduction of chloride diffusivity during submerged penetration period are ignored. To overcome this weak point, this paper presents a numerical procedure to analyze simultaneously cement hydration reaction and chloride ion penetration process. First, using a cement hydration model, degree of hydration and phase volume fractions of hardening concrete are determined. Second, the dependences of chloride diffusivity and chloride binding capacity on age of concrete are clarified. Third, chloride profiles in hardening concrete are calculated. The proposed numerical procedure is verified by using chloride submerged penetration test results of concrete with different mixing proportions.
Choroidal Thickness in Eyes with Unilateral Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
Authors: Kim Dong Yoon , Joe Soo Geun , Lee Joo Yong , Kim June-Gone , Yang Sung Jae
Published: October 2015

Aim. To analyze the subfoveal choroid thickness and choroidal volume in unilateral ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS).Methods. A retrospective review was conducted for all patients with unilateral OIS from October 2010 through June 2014. The subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) and choroidal volume of both eyes were compared.Results. 19 unilateral OIS patients were included in this study. The mean SFChT of OIS eyes was significantly lower than that of fellow eyes (OIS eyes: 208.89 ± 82.62 μm and fellow eyes: 265.31 ± 82.77 μm,P<0.001). The choroidal volume of OIS eyes was significantly smaller than that of fellow eyes (OIS eyes: 0.16 ± 0.05 mm3and fellow eyes: 0.21 ± 0.05 mm3,P<0.001).Conclusion. The choroidal thickness and volume of OIS eyes were smaller than those of unaffected fellow eyes. Decreased choroidal circulation caused by carotid artery stenosis might affect the discordance of choroidal thickness and choroidal volume.
Bremsstrahlung from Relativistic Heavy Ions in a Fixed Target Experiment at the LHC
Authors: Mikkelsen Rune E. , Sørensen Allan H. , Uggerhøj Ulrik I.
Published: October 2015

We calculate the emission of bremsstrahlung from lead and argon ions in ultraperipheral collisions in a fixed target experiment (AFTER) that uses the LHC beams. With nuclear charges ofZeequal to 82eand 18e, respectively, these ions are accelerated to energies of 7 Tev ×Z. The bremsstrahlung peaks around ≈100 GeV and the spectrum exposes the nuclear structure of the incoming ion. The peak structure is significantly different from the flat power spectrum pertaining to a point charge. Photons are predominantly emitted within an angle of 1/γto the direction of ion propagation. Our calculations are based on the Weizsäcker-Williams method of virtual quanta with application of existing experimental data on photonuclear interactions.
Single-Fraction Radiotherapy for CD30+Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Gentile Michelle S. , Martinez-Escala Maria Estela , Thomas Tarita O. , Guitart Joan , Rosen Steven , Kuzel Timothy , Mittal Bharat B.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. CD30+lymphoproliferative disorder is a rare variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Sustained complete response following first-line treatments is rare. This retrospective review evaluates the response of refractory or recurrent lesions to palliative radiation therapy.Methods. The records of 6 patients with 12 lesions, treated with radiation therapy, were reviewed. All patients received previous first-line treatments. Patients with clinical and pathological evidence of symptomatic CD30+lymphoproliferative disorder, with no history of other cutaneous T-cell lymphoma variants, and with no prior radiation therapy to the index site were included.Results. The median age of patients was 50.5 years (range, 15–83 years). Median size of the treated lesions was 2.5 cm (range, 2–7 cm). Four sites were treated with a single fraction of 750–800 cGy (n=3) and 8 sites were treated with 4000–4500 cGy in 200–250 cGy fractions (n=3). Radiation therapy was administered with electrons and bolus. Median follow-up was 113 months (range, 16–147 months). For all sites, there was 100% complete response with acute grade 1-2 dermatitis.Conclusions. For recurrent and symptomatic radiation-naïve CD30+lymphoproliferative disorder lesions, palliative radiation therapy shows excellent response. A single fraction of 750–800 cGy is as effective as a multifractionated course and more convenient.
A User Equilibrium Assignment Flow Model for Multiairport Open Network System
Authors: Zhang Honghai , Zhang Qiqian , Yang Lei
Published: October 2015

To reduce flight delays and promote fairness in air traffic management, we study the imbalance problem between supply and demand in airport network system from the view of both the system and the users. First, we establish an open multiairport oriented network flow system with the correlation between the arrival and departure in capacity-constrained airports, as well as the relevance between multiairports united flights. Then, based on the efficiency rationing principle, we propose an optimization model to reassign flow with user equilibrium constraints. These constraints include Gini coefficient, system capacity, and united flights. The model minimizes the total flight delay cost of capacity-constrained airports in the network system. We also introduce some evaluation indexes to quantitatively analyze fairness among airlines. Finally, with an open multiairport network system and its actual flights data in China, the model is verified. Test results show that the model can be used to coordinate and optimize matching the flow and capacity in the multiairport, make full use of the capacity of airports, and minimize the system delays. The findings can provide a powerful reference of developing scientific and rational assignment strategy for air traffic controllers.
Vascular Damage in Resistant Hypertension: TNF-Alpha Inhibition Effects on Endothelial Cells
Authors: Barbaro Natália Ruggeri , de Araújo Thiago Matos , Tanus-Santos José Eduardo , Anhê Gabriel Forato , Fontana Vanessa , Moreno Heitor
Published: October 2015

Inflammatory cytokines have been associated with the pathophysiology of hypertension and target organ damage (TOD). Resistant hypertensive patients (RHTN) are characterized by poor blood pressure control and higher prevalence of TOD. This study evaluated the relationship between plasma levels of TNF-αand arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity—PWV) in 32 RHTN and 19 normotensive subjects. Moreover, we investigated the effect of TNF-αinhibition on human endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with serum from RHTN and normotensive subjects. HUVECs containing serum obtained from normotensiven=8and hypertensiven=8individuals were treated with TNF-αinhibitor (infliximab). Cell suspensions were used for measurement of DNA fragmentation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. RHTN patients showed higher levels of TNF-αcompared to normotensive subjects, as well as higher PWV. Positive correlation was found between TNF-αlevels and PWV measures in the whole group. HUVECs incubated with serum from RHTN showed increased cell apoptosis and higher ROS content compared to normotensive subjects. Infliximab attenuated the apoptosis of HUVECs incubated with serum from RHTN, but no effect in ROS production was observed. Our findings suggest that TNF-αmight mediate, at least in part, vascular damage in resistant hypertension.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Eosin Yellow Using Poly(pyrrole-co-aniline)-Coated TiO2/Nanocellulose Composite under Solar Light Irradiation
Authors: Anirudhan T. S. , Rejeena S. R.
Published: October 2015

The present study describes the feasibility of a novel adsorbent cum photocatalyst, poly(pyrrole-co-aniline)-coated TiO2/nanocellulose composite (P(Py-co-An)-TiO2/NCC), to remove eosin yellow (EY) from aqueous solutions. The removal of EY was investigated by batch adsorption followed by photocatalysis. The effect of various adsorption parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, initial concentration, and ionic strength has been optimized for treating effluents from the dye industry. Adsorption of EY reached maximum at pH 4.5 and complete removal of dye was achieved using 3.5 g/L of P(Py-co-An)-TiO2/NCC. Adsorption equilibrium data were fitted with Langmuir and Fritz-Schlunder isotherm models and the kinetics of adsorption follows a second-order mechanism. The adsorption capacity of P(Py-co-An)-TiO2/NCC was found to be 3.39 × 10−5 mol/g and reached equilibrium within 90 min. The photocatalytic degradation of adsorbed dye under sunlight was possible and about 92.3% of dye was degraded within 90 min. The reusability of P(Py-co-An)-TiO2/NCC was also investigated. The results indicate that P(Py-co-An)-TiO2/NCC is the best material for the wiping out of EY from aqueous solutions.
Action Selection and Operant Conditioning: A Neurorobotic Implementation
Authors: Cyr André , Thériault Frédéric
Published: October 2015

Action selection (AS) is thought to represent the mechanism involved by natural agents when deciding what should be the next move or action. Is there a functional elementary core sustaining this cognitive process? Could we reproduce the mechanism with an artificial agent and more specifically in a neurorobotic paradigm? Unsupervised autonomous robots may require a decision-making skill to evolve in the real world and the bioinspired approach is the avenue explored through this paper. We propose simulating an AS process by using a small spiking neural network (SNN) as the lower neural organisms, in order to control virtual and physical robots. We base our AS process on a simple central pattern generator (CPG), decision neurons, sensory neurons, and motor neurons as the main circuit components. As novelty, this study targets a specific operant conditioning (OC) context which is relevant in an AS process; choices do influence future sensory feedback. Using a simple adaptive scenario, we show the complementarity interaction of both phenomena. We also suggest that this AS kernel could be a fast track model to efficiently design complex SNN which include a growing number of input stimuli and motor outputs. Our results demonstrate that merging AS and OC brings flexibility to the behavior in generic dynamical situations.
A Survey on Multihop Ad Hoc Networks for Disaster Response Scenarios
Authors: Reina D. G. , Askalani M. , Toral S. L. , Barrero F. , Asimakopoulou E. , Bessis N.
Published: October 2015

Disastrous events are one of the most challenging applications of multihop ad hoc networks due to possible damages of existing telecommunication infrastructure. The deployed cellular communication infrastructure might be partially or completely destroyed after a natural disaster. Multihop ad hoc communication is an interesting alternative to deal with the lack of communications in disaster scenarios. They have evolved since their origin, leading to different ad hoc paradigms such as MANETs, VANETs, DTNs, or WSNs. This paper presents a survey on multihop ad hoc network paradigms for disaster scenarios. It highlights their applicability to important tasks in disaster relief operations. More specifically, the paper reviews the main work found in the literature, which employed ad hoc networks in disaster scenarios. In addition, it discusses the open challenges and the future research directions for each different ad hoc paradigm.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Caused byChromobacterium violaceumin an Immunocompetent Adult
Authors: Pant Narayan Dutt , Sharma Manisha , Khatiwada Saroj
Published: October 2015

Because of increasing antimicrobial resistance, the treatment of the asymptomatic bacteriuria is not considered except in specific circumstances like during pregnancy or before invasive urologic procedures. We are reporting a first case of asymptomatic bacteriuria caused byChromobacterium violaceumin a 16-year-old male. With the reporting of theC. violaceumwhich is notorious for its high propensity for hematogenous dissemination causing fatal sepsis (with reported mortality rate up to 65–80%) if prompt proper treatment is not given, as causative agent of asymptomatic bacteriuria, it is recommended to treat the asymptomatic bacteriuria caused by this organism.
Studies of Backward Particle Production with a Fixed-Target Experiment Using the LHC Beams
Authors: Ceccopieri Federico Alberto
Published: October 2015

The foreseen capability to cover the far backward region at a Fixed-Target Experiment using the LHC beams allows one to explore the dynamics of the target fragmentation in hadronic collisions. In this report we briefly outline the required theoretical framework and discuss a number of studies of forward and backward particle production. By comparing this knowledge with the one accumulated in Deep Inelastic Scattering on target fragmentation, the basic concept of QCD factorisation could be investigated in detail.
Controlling the Stochastic Sensitivity in Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems with Incomplete Information
Authors: Ryashko Lev , Bashkirtseva Irina
Published: October 2015

For stochastic nonlinear discrete-time system with incomplete information, a problem of the stabilization of equilibrium is considered. Our approach uses a regulator which synthesizes the required stochastic sensitivity. Mathematically, this problem is reduced to the solution of some quadratic matrix equations. A description of attainability sets and algorithms for regulators design is given. The general results are applied to the suppression of unwanted large-amplitude oscillations around the equilibria of the stochastically forced Verhulst model with noisy observations.
A Low Complexity Asynchronous UWB TDOA Localization Method
Authors: Song Liyuan , Zou Hongliang , Zhang Tingting
Published: October 2015

Impulse-radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) is a promising technique for indoor localization due to its high accuracy and robustness against multipath interferences. In this paper, to deal with the synchronization challenges among anchors in traditional time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) localization systems, we propose an asynchronous TDOA (ATDOA) localization method. Based on the ranging error model, we derive the theoretical lower bounds as the performance metrics of localization accuracy. Compared with the ideal TDOA method, ATDOA degrades on localization accuracy for eliminating the high accuracy synchronization requirements, which is pretty much attractive in energy and complexity limited scenarios. Based on the performance analysis, we show that there exists optimal anchor deployment in ATDOA that minimizes the localization errors. We also formulate the relationship between this optimal deployment and the size of the covered area, which is meaningful in both theoretical analysis and practical system designs.
Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network Using a Correntropy Criterion for Nonlinear System Identification
Authors: Linhares Leandro L. S. , Fontes Aluisio I. R. , Martins Allan M. , Araújo Fábio M. U. , Silveira Luiz F. Q.
Published: October 2015

Recent researches have demonstrated that the Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Networks (FWNNs) are an efficient tool to identify nonlinear systems. In these structures, features related to fuzzy logic, wavelet functions, and neural networks are combined in an architecture similar to the Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). In practical applications, the experimental data set used in the identification task often contains unknown noise and outliers, which decrease the FWNN model reliability. In order to reduce the negative effects of these erroneous measurements, this work proposes the direct use of a similarity measure based on information theory in the FWNN learning procedure. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) cost function is replaced by the Maximum Correntropy Criterion (MCC) in the traditional error backpropagation (BP) algorithm. The input-output maps of a real nonlinear system studied in this work are identified from an experimental data set corrupted by different outliers rates and additive white Gaussian noise. The results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed cost function using the MCC as compared to the MSE. This work also investigates the influence of the kernel size on the performance of the MCC in the BP algorithm, since it is the only free parameter of correntropy.
Strain Monitoring of Widening Cement Concrete Pavement Subjected to Differential Settlement of Foundation
Authors: Weng Xiaolin , Nie Yongtao , Lu Junyuan
Published: October 2015

This paper describes the use of a sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which is capable of reducing strain transfer errors, to measure the strain features within the top and bottom layers of a cement concrete pavement subject to different degrees of foundation settlement. Based on measured data, the characteristics of the distribution and the variation in the structure strain were analyzed in detail. By comparing the measured results with those obtained by means of finite element analysis, the proposed FBG-based sensor assembly was found to be capable of effectively monitoring the strain distribution in a cement concrete pavement, thus proving that the improved optical fiber grating strain sensor is a very promising solution for road pavement structural health monitoring.
Increased Risk of Cancer in relation to Gout: A Review of Three Prospective Cohort Studies with 50,358 Subjects
Authors: Wang Weijie , Xu Donghua , Wang Bin , Yan Shushan , Wang Xiaochen , Yin Yin , Wang Xuehao , Sun Beicheng , Sun Xiaoyang
Published: October 2015

Gout is a common inflammatory disease characterized by acute arthritis and hyperuricemia. A number of epidemiological studies have suggested the critical role of gout in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between gout and cancer risk by meta‐analysis of all relevant studies published to date. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Embase databases from their inception up to July 1, 2014, was performed to identify eligible studies. The strength for relationship between gout and the risk of different cancers was evaluated by calculating pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). All analyses were carried out by STATA 12.0 software. Gout patients were at an increased risk of cancer, particularly urological cancers, digestive system cancers, and lung cancer. No such significant association between gout and the risk of breast or brain cancers was observed. Sensitivity analysis did not materially alter the pooled results. Gout is a risk factor of cancer, particularly that of urological cancers, digestive system cancers, and lung cancer. The pooled data further support the hypothesis of a link between gout and carcinogenesis.
Clinical Applications of S53P4 Bioactive Glass in Bone Healing and Osteomyelitic Treatment: A Literature Review
Authors: van Gestel N. A. P. , Geurts J. , Hulsen D. J. W. , van Rietbergen B. , Hofmann S. , Arts J. J.
Published: October 2015

Nowadays, S53P4 bioactive glass is indicated as a bone graft substitute in various clinical applications. This review provides an overview of the current published clinical results on indications such as craniofacial procedures, grafting of benign bone tumour defects, instrumental spondylodesis, and the treatment of osteomyelitis. Given the reported results that are based on examinations, such as clinical examinations by the surgeons, radiographs, CT, and MRI images, S53P4 bioactive glass may be beneficial in the various reported applications. Especially in craniofacial reconstructions like mastoid obliteration and orbital floor reconstructions, in grafting bone tumour defects, and in the treatment of osteomyelitis very promising results are obtained. Randomized clinical trials need to be performed in order to determine whether bioactive glass would be able to replace the current golden standard of autologous bone usage or with the use of antibiotic containing PMMA beads (in the case of osteomyelitis).
A Novel Approach to Building a Heterogeneous Emergency Response Communication System
Authors: Sterle Janez , Rugelj Miha , Sedlar Urban , Koršič Luka , Kos Andrej , Zidar Peter , Volk Mojca
Published: October 2015

We present a specification and a nationwide pilot implementation of a future public safety communication system. We propose a novel approach to survivable heterogeneous emergency communication systems, merging professional and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment, communicating over state-of-the-art mobile and satellite links. We explain the architecture and functional outline of an Advanced Emergency Response Communications System (A-ERCS), which was developed and integrated with professional, commercial, and ad hoc networks to provide survivable communications services and sensor-based applications to support public safety agencies in their day-to-day operation and disaster relief missions. Further, we present the results of a real-world pilot implementation, customized for fire fighter services in Slovenia, and discuss the outcomes of performance tests, showing how the proposed solution can be applied in public safety practice and how COTS technologies can be efficiently and reliably reused in this specific domain.
Effects of Soothing Liver and Invigorating Spleen Recipes on the IKKβ-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Kupffer Cells of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Rats
Authors: Gong Xiang-Wen , Xu Yong-Jian , Yang Qin-He , Liang Yin-Ji , Zhang Yu-Pei , Wang Guan-Long , Li Yuan-Yuan
Published: October 2015

This study investigates the effect of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes on steatohepatitis examining the IKKβ-NF-κB signaling pathway in KCs of NASH rats. SD male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups, and the NASH model was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). After 26 weeks, liver tissue was examined in H&E stained sections and liver function was monitored biochemically. KCs were isolated by Seglen’s method, with some modifications. The mRNA and protein expression of the IKKβ-NF-κB signaling pathway components was examined by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The results show that the high-fat diet induced NASH in the rats, and the soothing liver recipe and invigorating spleen recipe decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in KCs, as well as inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of the IKKβ-NF-κB signaling pathway components. In conclusion, the experiment indicated the importance of the IKKβ-NF-κB signaling pathway in KCs for the anti-inflammatory effects of the soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes.
Competitive and Noncompetitive Batch Sorption Studies of Aqueous Cd(II) and Pb(II) Uptake ontoCoffea canephoraHusks,Cyperus papyrusStems, andMusaspp. Peels
Authors: Bakyayita G. K. , Norrström A. C. , Kulabako R. N.
Published: October 2015

Coffea canephora,Cyperus papyrus,andMusaspp. were studied for competitive and noncompetitive removal of aqueous Cd2+and Pb2+. The optimal conditions were pH 4.5 and agitation time 3.0 hours. Biomass constituent ions showed no interference effects whereas cation exchange capacity values corresponded to the sorption efficiencies. XRD spectroscopy revealed surface oxygen and nitrogen groups that provide binding sites for metal ions. The maximum sorption efficiency ranges for metal ions in noncompetitive media were 95.2–98.7% forC. canephora, 42.0–91.3% forC. papyrus,and 79.9–92.2% forMusaspp. and in competitive sorption 90.8–98.0% forC. canephora, 19.5–90.4% forC. papyrus,and 56.4–89.3% forMusaspp. The Pb2+ions uptake was superior to that of Cd2+ions in competitive and noncompetitive media. In competitive sorption synergistic effects were higher for Cd2+than Pb2+ions. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted experimental data with0.917≤R2≥1.000for Pb2+ions and0.711≤R2≥0.999for Cd2+ions. The Langmuir model fitted noncompetitive sorption data with0.769≤R2≥0.999; moreover the Freundlich model fitted competitive sorption data with0.867≤R2≥0.989. Noncompetitive sorption was monolayer chemisorption whereas competitive sorption exhibited heterogeneous sorption mechanisms.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Complicating Dengue andPlasmodium vivaxCoinfection
Authors: Khurram Muhammad , Faheem Muhammad , Umar Muhammad , Yasin Asif , Qayyum Wajeeha , Ashraf Amna , Zahid Khan Javeria , Hasnain Yasir Ali , Ansari Yusra , Asad Muhammad , Khan Iram , Abbas Shuja , Rasheed Irum , Rasool Natasha , Bushra Khar Hamama Tul
Published: October 2015

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disorder. Dysfunction of cytotoxic T and natural killer (NK) cells causes uncontrolled activity of lymphocytes and histiocytes which leads to HLH. Infections, malignancies, and autoimmune disorders are associated with development of HLH. Dengue andPlasmodium vivaxare rare causes of HLH. We report the first ever case of a young man who developed fatal HLH that complicated Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) andPlasmodium vivaxinfection.