bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS PERFORMANCES FOR ROAD SEGMENTATION ON VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY AS SUPPORT OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Brkic Ivan , Miler Mario , Sevrovic Marko , Medak Damir
Published: October 2023

Road traffic fatalities are a significant concern worldwide, as highlighted by data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations. One approach to enhancing road safety is through the assessment of specific characteristics or features that contribute to the overall safety condition of roads. The International Road Safety Assessment Program (iRAP) identifies several attributes that have a direct impact on road safety. Some of these attributes can be collected from satellite imagery. One of first steps in using satellite imagery as source for road attributes collection is road extraction. Quality road extraction can provide a quality base for detection of road attributes. In this paper Random forests, Extreme Gradient Boosting and U-net algorithms were analyzed to get insight into which one is most suitable for road extraction. Analysis was performed on very high-resolution satellite imagery with four spectral bands and spatial resolution of 0.3m. Analysis has shown that U-net outperformed Random forests and XGBoost in each of evaluation measures and it is suggested as best option for road extraction as support of road infrastructure assessment process.
DETECTION OF SURFACE SOIL DISTURBANCE AREAS AS A RESULT OF MILITARY ACTIONS IN UKRAINE BY REMOTE SENSING METHODS
Authors: Trofymchuk Oleksandr , Vishnyakov Vyacheslav , Sheviakina Natalia , Klymenko Viktoriia , Zahorodnia Snizhana
Published: October 2023

The special regime of nature reserve complexes allows for the protection and reproduction of local flora and fauna, local Red Data Book species, and the implementation of preventive measures against their extinction from the region. Military operations on the territory of these complexes have an irreversible impact on the further development of the region's natural complexes. The authors of the publication have studied the territory of one of the protected areas affected by military actions in the Kherson and Mykolaiv regions of Ukraine. The research was organized in the period from February 2022 to February 2023. The publication presents the results of research on the use of remote sensing data to determine the zone of disturbance of the surface soil layer as a result of military operations. As a result, more than 2,100 hectares of destroyed surface soil layer as a result of military operations were identified. The presented results of the study allow for ongoing monitoring, which will contribute to a qualitative analysis of the impact of hostilities and prove the facts of fires, the presence of enemy military equipment, the construction of various fortifications (trenches, trenches, shelters for equipment), the presence of firing positions, the location and movement of automobiles and other large vehicles, as well as surface and submerged watercraft. The data obtained is necessary to assess the damage that the Russian army has caused and continues to cause as a result of a full-scale war on the territory of Ukraine.
HARMONICAL ANALYSIS OF SEA LEVEL DATA AT VARNA TIDE GAUGE
Authors: Ivanov Anton
Published: October 2023

This article outlines time series analysis of sea level data from Varna tide gauge stations, to solve for short and long term sea level variations. The period of observations span to 1928 � 2022. Monthly sea level data were processed using a linear regression model includes mean sea level, trend, annual, semiannual and decadal variations. Analysis of monthly sea level data for period 1928-2022 clearly indicates annual and decadal variations of mean sea level. Hourly sea level data of radar tide gauge include the period May 2013 - December 2022. The period is enough for separation the influence of long from short term tidal constituents. To analyzing of hourly sea level data, a harmonic analysis with least squares was used to resolve the amplitudes and phases of the tidal components. Harmonic analysis described observed data like series presented by sum of components whit a previously known frequencies stable in time. More than sixty statistically significant short term tidal constituents are obtained. Observation of the mean sea level is an important not only from an changing climate point of view, it also plays an key role in geodesy and geophysics. The results obtained for the annual and semi-annual tides from the regression analysis of monthly sea level and the harmonic analysis of hourly sea level data are compared.
INTEGRATION THE NEW VELOCITIES RESULTS FROM MONITORING OF GEODYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE AREA OF SOFIA IN THE COMMON FIELD OF HORIZONTAL VELOCITIES
Authors: Dimitrov Nikolay
Published: October 2023

The monitoring of geodynamic processes with modern GNSS technology in the area of Sofia and Southwest Bulgaria has been going on for more than 25 years. To investigate modern crustal motions in the area, GNSS data obtained between 1996 and 2022 are analyzed to obtain the velocity field for southwestern Bulgaria. Every year, measurements are carried out on a part of the points, and the last measurements were carried out in 2022. For the entire period, monitoring covered 28 stations. To evaluate the new result for the obtained horizontal velocities of points from Sofia geodynamic network, they are combined with the results for the point velocities from EPN densification project and with the results from National GPS Network. Thus, the common field of horizontal velocities in the region can be determined. The three networks have reliable solutions for point coordinates and velocities. The combination of the three networks provides reliably determined velocities of more than 85 points in the relatively small region of southwestern Bulgaria. The high density of the points can be used for geodynamic study of the region. The results of the three networks supplement each other and are a base to evaluate the reliability of obtained velocities. From this point of view, the compliance and reliability are very high. The newly acquired velocities field confirms that the general tendency of movement of the points in the region of Southwest Bulgaria is in the south direction with respect to stable Eurasia, as a general tendency the velocities tend to increase from North to South. This pattern is in agreement with the extensive movement of southern Bulgaria and northern Greece. The obtained velocities field can be used for further detailed geodynamic and geological investigations of the fault structures in the region.
DEVELOPMENT OF WATER TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN NEWLY ESTABLISHED BUILT-UP AREAS OF SMALL MUNICIPALITIES (CASE STUDY SOUTH BOHEMIAN REGION)
Authors: Moravcova Vendula , Moravcova Jana , Pekna Denisa
Published: October 2023

An essential part of the development of municipalities is an investment in a properly functioning technical infrastructure. In addition to today's standard connection to the development of electricity, new investments in technical infrastructure related to the aquatic environment are also required concerning the interests of nature and especially the ecological hairline of water components. Many smaller municipalities are still not solved by sewerage of residential houses and other buildings, especially agricultural production, nor in municipalities that can connect to the municipal sewer system, often missing equipment for wastewater treatment (wastewater treatment plant). Regarding human health, the absence of a publicly available drinking water source for all settlements in municipalities is also alarming. As part of this Case Study, 14 municipalities across the South Bohemian Region (Czech Republic) were accidentally chosen, regardless of their size, location, proximity to larger settlements, etc. The study found that a significant percentage of municipalities suffer from severe shortcomings in connection to water infrastructure. The development plans of these municipalities were assessed, which always plan to develop built-up areas for various purposes, especially for housing. The alarming conclusion is that there is a considerable percentage of settlements that, despite the unfavourable situation in the water infrastructure, have no solution to the situation incorporated into the development of the municipality. These municipalities leave all activities only to their citizens.
FORESTRY SPATIAL DATA IN BULGARIA - IMPLEMENTATION AS PART OF EUROPEAN INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Asenova Maria , Danailova Milena
Published: October 2023

Many international, European, regional, and national organizations are active in spatial data collection and analysis. Their activities for spatial data management as well as the implementation of geoportals outline the need for harmonization of the infrastructures with existing data in different areas and in the forestry. The forests spatial data in Bulgaria are part of various information systems, specialized projects, and active national portals. The information process is characterized by rapid technological progress, but there are also duplication of data and efforts, departmental limits of the created data, and unsatisfactory communication between the sectors. A factor for the optimization of information infrastructure for forest areas in Bulgaria is the alignment of the legal framework to the European and international legislation. The transposition of the European INSPIRE Directive is implemented through the Low on Access to the Spatial Data. The requirements for the establishment of such infrastructure and the National Spatial Data Portal are defined from 2015. This has contributed to adapting existing data to the requirements of the Directive, but only under the 34 INSPIRE thematic areas. The present work examines the possibilities for the development of geoportals as a useful means of data exchange, allowing access to a wider range of users, enriching the INSPIRE Directive toolkit and expanding a variety of thematic layers for forestry, agricultural, urban, and other territories.
ANALYSIS AND ASSESMENT OF THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF THE TOWN OF BREGOVO
Authors: Temelkova Maria
Published: October 2023

Bregovo is a small Bulgarian town located on the border with the Republic of Serbia. It is situated 6 kilometers from the mouth of the Timok River, which flows into the Danube River. Despite the proximity of the river, the town experienced some complications in its water supply. The purpose of the research is to to analyze and evaluate the water supply system of the town of Bregovo. The water supply in the municipality of Bregovo is taken care of by the operator "ViK Vidin" EOOD. The separate territory of "ViK Vidin" EOOD consists of a total of six different sized water supply systems (WSS), one of which is WSS Bregovo � for the town of Bregovo. The WSS Bregovo is supplied with water from two underground water sources, which receive water from one shaft well and two drilling wells. The water is pumped by means of two pumping stations through the distribution network to the water tower located above the city with a capacity of 250 m3. Data on water sources and consumption were used for the purpose of the research. The data for the resource of the water sources is based on information from the issued water permits of Danube River Basin Directorate Pleven. The data for the water demand � from the "ViK Vidin" EOOD and the forecast for the demand made in the regional master plans for water and waste water. Then with this data it was calculated The Water Stress Index for water supply of the town of Bregovo, which takes into account the percentage of intake water to the available water resource. In order to avoid water stress, this ratio should be under 20%, and for the town of Bregovo is around 20-22%. The water stress can even be reduced below 20% if measures will be taken to reduce the high water losses and water wastage in the distribution network, which reach up to 70%. The study shows that the quantity of water sources is sufficient for consumption of the population, but there are possible problems with the quality of drinking water. It is also calculated the Water Storage Capacity Index of the water tower, which should be within 50-100% of the average daily water demand in the serviced territory, in order to achieve an acceptable level of security of water supply. The index is insufficient, with values around 31-45%. Some recommendations have been made to improve the storage index values. Conclusions have been made in connection with the improving the performance of the WSS Bregovo.
ANALYSIS OF THE FLOOD RISK IN THE PATLAGEANCA AREA NEAR CEATAL ISMAIL FROM THE DANUBE DELTA
Authors: Banescu A. , Simionov M. , Livanov O. , Pindic P. , Tudor M.
Published: October 2023

Since ancient times, mankind has tried to establish a causality of the phenomena that occur in the surrounding world, to find solutions and answers. Floods are widespread in the Danube Delta they cause great material damage and loss of human life and important consequences. The production of floods in the Danube Delta is due to the entry into the Danube of large amounts of water from rains, from the sudden melting of snow and mountain glaciers, as well as from underground water sheets. Deforestation favors the rapid runoff of water on the slopes and the production of heavy floods. Risks can be classified either according to the mode of manifestation (slow or fast) or according to the cause (naturales au anthropique). They produce smaller or larger damages depending on their amplitude and the favorable factors in the place or region where they manifest. In order to identify the risk, the emerging risks must first be identified, there are a number of risk identification and evaluation methodologies. In the present work, several flood scenarios will be analyzed for the Patlageanca locality in the Danube Delta using two flood risk analysis methods. Flood risk analysis methods will be applied using two specialized programs that perform flood scenarios at different water levels. The main database is represented by the digital land model for the town of Patlageanca. The digital model together with the data collected in the field such as bathymetric information, flows and water levels are the starting source for the flood risk analysis of the target locality. The results provide information on the depth of water on flooded portions and the extent of flooded areas. The results presented in this paper can provide concrete support to the authorities who have decision-making power to establish action measures to intervene in the reduction of flood risk. Therefore, the present work represents a sum of several engineering methods that, applied, can contribute to the creation of flood maps for a locality located in an area at risk of flooding. Flooding can cause particularly significant damage in the Danube Delta, especially on the main arms where there are human settlements. For this reason, multiple points of view, methods, hypotheses and future possibilities adapted to new trends (social, economic, natural) and determined by different factors, play an important role in flood risk management and in establishing flood vulnerable areas.
IDENTIFICATION OF TYPE-SPECIFIC REFERENCE HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF BULGARIAN COASTAL WATERS IN SUPPORT TO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Valchev Nikolay , Prodanov Bogdan , Dimitrov Lyubomir , Andreeva Nataliya , Lambev Todor , Eftimova Petya
Published: October 2023

Water and sediments in coastal areas interact at different scales, thus shaping the marine environment and providing physical habitat for ecosystems. Hence, the hydromorphological conditions represent a key aspect of aquatic ecosystems considered in the Water Framework Directive as supporting quality elements (alongside the physicochemical), which are expected to provide the boundary conditions for the biological quality elements. Any alteration in those can reshape the corresponding biological conditions at various spatial and time scales. The Directive states that coastal waters might be subdivided considering significant changes in bathymetry, substrate, or exposure. Typologies established by the Directive should reflect the natural variability in hydromorphological characteristics and processes. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to establish the type-specific hydromorphological reference conditions by identifying areas within water bodies that are relatively homogeneous from a hydromorphological point of view in order to better serve both determination and management of environmental state and designation of highly modified coastal waters based on a set of clear quantitative criteria. The data employed comprise remote bathymetry measurements, sediment mapping and wave exposure type. These layers were geospatially analysed to differentiate aquatic areas of similar hydromorphological conditions. About 100 such areas were delineated, in which conditions could be considered reference. At the same time, analysis revealed eighteen modified smaller scale areas, within the above-mentioned ones, which are considered hotspots of hydromorphological change in anthropogenically modified environment; hence, an object of future monitoring and specific management actions.
LIMITING FACTORS AND MEASURES TO RESTORE SOIL FERTILITY IN THE TOWN OF BILED, TIMI? COUNTY
Authors: MIHUT Casiana , DUMA COPCEA Anisoara , COZMA Antoanela , MIRCOV Vlad Dragoslav , SCEDEI Daniela
Published: October 2023

The paper presents the main limiting factors of the soils in the town of Biled, Timi? county, factors that affect the production potential of the soil cover in the area. The studied territory is located in the central part of Timi? county. The following limiting factors were reported: compactness of the soil, by 8.77%; excess phreatic moisture manifested by 12.74%, soil alkalinity manifested by 1.65%; soil acidity manifested on 0.24% and the low level of humus content signaled on 0.57% of the surface.
As a result of these restrictions, to restore soil fertility, the following measures must be taken: compliance with agrotechnical and pedoameliorative requirements in order to achieve and maintain an optimal aerohydric regime in the soil; measures to improve the physical condition of soils affected by degradation processes in the first 20 cm; scarification works, water drainage; organic fertilization etc. The knowledge of these limiting factors and the intervention by applying some measures to restore the fertility of the soils in this area will contribute in the future to a better distribution of crops, obtaining higher and good quality productions and therefore a superior qualitative restoration of these lands.
STRATEGIES FOR MONITORING PLANT WATER STRESS
Authors: Barek Viliam , Horak Jan , Igaz Dusan , Obrocnik Oliver , Kiss Vladimir
Published: October 2023

One of the main lines of research on the impact of climate change is the study of drought and its effects on agricultural production. The aim of this study is to determine the key parameter of plant expression in relation to water stress and soil hydrophysical properties, thereby more accurately determining the need for real-time soil profile water enhancement. The research was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at the Nove Zamky experimental site, with research on royal walnut (Juglans regia L.) During the study, we closely monitored changes in branch and stem diameters of the plants using DD-S dendrometers (Ecomatic), sap flow rate was monitored using the Dynagage Trunk Gages system (Dynamax), and leaf spectral response was measured using the ASD system (FieldSpec). The values obtained were then compared with soil moisture, rainfall and air temperature data for the two irrigation treatments. The effect of water stress in the nonirrigated variants is not only to change the intensity of biomass growth in stems and branches, but also to reduce the volume of existing tissue. This change is also closely linked to changes in sap flow rate, which was also statistically confirmed in this study. Water stress reduces water uptake by the roots and decreases the sap flow rate; the tissue in the stems and branches becomes insufficiently hydrated, leading to less diameter growth than in the case of irrigated plants.
BROAD-LEAF FOREST HABITAT SUITABILITY FOR WOODPECKERS AND EVALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, LATVIA
Authors: Beinarovica Karina , Straupe Inga
Published: October 2023

It is well known that woodpeckers and their distribution is mostly affected by deadwood. However, in Latvia there have not been any studies about how other forest structural components like growing trees and vegetation can affect distribution of woodpeckers and their choice of habitats. In recent years estimation of ecosystem services has become popular in Latvia and it is used in nature conservation matters. The aim of the research was to analyse structures characterizing the habitats of broadleaf forests and identify for which woodpecker species broad-leaf forests are suitable habitat. An assessment of ecosystem services has also been applied to determine value of woodpeckers and their habitats. The amount of dead wood in the habitat is on average 71.2 m3 ha-1, of which majority or 87% is made by logs, while the smaller par tor 13% - by snags. It is possible to determine suitability of the habitat for various woodpecker species by analysing different structures that characterizes habitats � they are suitable for almost all species of woodpeckers. The study also shows that residents of Jelgava municipality would be willing to pay 11.00 EUR a year from a person to protect woodpecker species and to conserve their habitats.
THE IMPORTANCE OF POPLAR SPECIES IN THE ECOLOGICAL PROCESS OF STRONGLY POLLUTED INDUSTRIAL WATERS
Authors: Moatar Maria Mihaela , Camen Dorin Dumitru , Dragomir Petru Ioan , Stefan Carolina , Panici Petre Alexandru
Published: October 2023

From a lithological point of view, the studied territory - Central Heating System of Rovinari is made up of deposits and in the depression quaternary deposits are found, belonging to the holocene (gravel and sand). In the Jiu - Motru River the deposits contain 4-6 layers of lignite, of low thickness, so the area was affected by coal extraction. From the point of view of the hydrographic network, except those of the lower order, the waters passing through the region belong to the basin of Jiu and Tismana. These waters are heavily polluted with coal dust and material from mining areas. The sterile dumps, arising as a result of the mining activity in the area, are heterogeneous deposits with very different lithology, with the participation in different proportions of the fractions of sand, clay and gravel to which are added fragments of dispersed coal. Under the influence of various natural modeling factors (rain, wind, frost, thaw, etc.), the dumps tend to form their own hydrographic, morphodynamical systems, which, depending on the characteristics of the dump, evolve toward habitats, more or less favorable to the installation of woody vegetation.
ADVANCEMENTS IN WEARABLE THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS: MATERIALS, DESIGNS, AND MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY HARVESTING
Authors: Stroe Cristina Elena , Sarbu Teodor
Published: October 2023

With the increasing interest of people to be informed at every step, to progress and overcome their limits, rapid developments have occurred in the field of IoT (Internet of Things) and miniaturized electronics. Thus, wearable power sources with high reliability and long duty cycles are required to power wearable electronic devices to meet people's needs and smart miniaturized electronics requirements. In addition, to make them truly wearable, these must be light, flexible, silent, low power consumption and adaptable to the human body. Textile materials can meet these requirements, and thermoelectric generators assembled from fibers, filaments, yarns, or fabrics (T-TEG) that allow the generation of thermoelectric energy (TE) from body heat represents a research topic of great interest today. Recent studies have demonstrated that T-TEGs have the potential to provide a sustainable and renewable energy source for a wide range of applications through the use of innovative materials and advanced yet simple manufacturing technologies. The choice of material is an important step in the manufacturing process, and it is essential to consider several factors such as thermoelectric efficiency, cost, processability and scalability. Thus, this paper outlines which methods, designs and materials have been chosen in recent years by researchers for the development and optimization of wearable thermoelectric generators (wTEG).
ANALYSIS OF AVAILABILITY OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE ADRIATIC SEA AND THEIR APPLICABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY FISHING VESSELS
Authors: Korican Marija , Haramina Tatjana , Vuckovic Kresimir , Aluejvic Neven , Vladimir Nikola
Published: October 2023

Environmental problems in shipping belong to the most important research topics in the marine sector, where a number of technical and operational measures to improve environmental friendliness of ships can be found in the literature. Most of the fishing vessels are powered by diesel engines and alternative fuels or full electrification of the ship power system as the ultimate game changer are regularly considered in the literature as technical measures that offer both environmental and economic benefits. It is clear that emerging of alternative powering options is affected by the relevant infrastructure and their availability at the location of use. This paper investigates the availability of alternative energy sources in Croatia and their perspective to improve the environmental friendliness of fishing vessels in the Adriatic Sea. In this sense, trends in prices of diesel fuel, alternative fuels such as for instance hydrogen, LNG, biodiesel, as well as renewable energy sources for electricity production are considered. Potential benefits of their use in the fishing sector are quantified based on the energy demand of a typical purse seiner in the Adriatic Sea.
PROCESSING OF MANGANESE-CONTAINING WASTES TO PRODUCE MANGANESE PELLETS FOR FERROALLOY PRODUCTION
Authors: Tastanova Aisha , Kuldeyev Yerzhan , Abdykirova Gulnar , Biryukova Alla , Temirova Saniya
Published: October 2023

At various stages of processing manganese ores, significant volumes of finely dispersed manganese-containing raw materials are formed. Development of technological solutions is required for their use in metallurgical processes.
The aim of the study was to develop technologies intended to beneficiate manganesecontaining sludge with the fraction of less than 5 mm and to obtain pellets suitable to be melted into ferromanganese on their basis.
The developed beneficiation process flow for manganese sludge includes the screening processes into size classes: - 2.5+1.25; - 1.25 +0.071 and -0.071 + 0 mm, beneficiation in jigging machines of - 2.5+1.25; - 1.25 +0.071 mm classes and concentration on the table of -0.071 + 0 mm to get manganese concentrate containing 29.17 % Mn. The combined manganese concentrate was further subjected to dry magnetic separation that increased the Mn content to 35.2 %.
Manganese-containing pellets were obtained using a high-speed mixer-granulator manufactured by Eirich. Technological parameters were determined for the pellet production based on the composition consisting of manganese concentrate, small fractions of special coke, ferrous forms of diatomite and lime. It was found that manganese was present in the composition of pellets burned at 1170oC in the form of jacobsite MnFe2O4 and hausmannite Mn3O4. The ferrobustamite (Ca0.79Fe0.21)SiO3 phase was also formed, which contributes to an increase the strength of the products. Compressive strength of the obtained pellets was 33.7 kg/pellet. Melting temperature of annealed pellets was 1200��. The obtained pellets were suitable to melt ferromanganese alloys.
RECYCLING OF PLASTICS AND POSSIBLE USES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Zyder Vaclav , Hubacek Jaroslav , Grycz Ondrej , Piecha Marian , Sikyr Petr
Published: October 2023

Plastic materials are one of the main technological discoveries of modern civilization. Thanks to their variable properties and relatively low production costs, they have become an integral part of almost all human activities. The global production of plastics is constantly increasing. They are most often used as packaging materials and also play a vital role in construction and healthcare. In the presented article, the authors examine the methods of handling plastic waste in the Czech Republic and describe individual methods of processing plastic waste, including landfilling, energy use and recycling. The article focuses on the situation in the Czech Republic and describes the relevant legislation. The objectives of the European Union in this area are also listed. The authors also managed to collect statistical data on plastic waste management in individual countries and try to analyze and compare the causes of different results between countries.
ASSESSMENT OF DROUGHT IN BULGARIA IN RECENT YEARS THROUGH THE STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX
Authors: Evgeniev Radoslav , Malcheva Krastina , Marinova Tania , Chervenkov Hristo , Bocheva Lilia
Published: October 2023

Drought is a complex weather and climate-related phenomenon with significant ecological and socioeconomic consequences. In light of the increasing severity and frequency of droughts in Europe in recent years, this study focuses on assessing the spatiotemporal evolution of drought in Bulgaria during the period 2014-2022. To achieve this, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is calculated at different time scales (1, 3, and 6 months) for both the country's territory and individual municipalities using software recommended by the World Meteorological Organization. The spatiotemporal analysis is performed in the QGIS environment, utilizing the Ordinary Kriging method for spatial interpolation and the Zonal Statistics tool to calculate selected statistical features at the municipality level. Additionally, area-averaged values are extracted from all raster layers, forming time series spanning the period 2014-2022, which are used for further statistical analysis. The study reveals several drought events, with the most significant occurrence in 2019-2020, affecting 60-80% of the country's territory during certain months. However, the considered period is characterized by normal and wet conditions. The results also show that several municipalities in the western and southeastern regions of the country are particularly vulnerable to severe and extreme droughts. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of integrating different spatial and time scales in drought monitoring and analysis.
ASPECTS REGARDING THE RISK OF EXPLOSION IN DEDUSTING SYSTEMS
Authors: RADU Mirela , PARAIAN Mihaela , Matei Dan , Jurca Adrian , Gabor Dan
Published: October 2023

The removal and collection of dust particles from the air discharged into the atmosphere by industrial plants processing, transporting and storing dusty materials is an important objective for employers to prevent air pollution according to environmental legislation and employee safety regulations.
Where the dust in question is flammable and may generate an explosive atmosphere, measures must be taken to prevent explosion and/or limit the effects of explosion. To this end, proper assessment of the risk of explosions is essential in order to determine the effectiveness of the measures implemented and/or the need to take additional measures.
As there is no specific assessment method for the risk of explosions in dust/air explosive atmospheres, various bodies/persons have developed their own more or less comprehensive assessment methods. In the paper are presented some important aspects included in the assessment procedure applied by us for the evaluation of the risk of explosions in dust removal systems with emphasis on the development of laboratory tests to determine the explosive characteristics of explosive air/flammable dust mixtures as well as on the constructive solutions to limit the effects of possible explosions.
It highlights the importance of the competence of persons involved in the design, installation, maintenance and inspection of installations regarding the application of standards, guidelines and legislation in the field.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF FISH AND MEAT CANNERIES
Authors: Radulescu Victorita
Published: October 2023

This paper analyses the environmental impact produced by fish and meat canneries. The TULCO SA factory in Tulcea County is presented as a case study. Located on the Danube banks, it has a guaranteed and permanent source of fish and meat; fish from the Danube and fish farmers and pork and beef meat from a nearby breeding complex. Some specific analyzes of the impact on wastewater, air, and soils are illustrated. Impact on wastewater is detailed for the production of canned fish and pork and cattle meat, at different manufacturing stages, starting from unloading, removing scales, section of cutting and cleaning, until washing and degreasing the cans in which the fish and meat will be packed. Some results obtained based on local measurements are presented. Wastewater is cleaned in a treatment plant. Depending on the water temperature and charge with organic matter, the minimum hydraulic retention time is estimated to ensure the water quality that will be discharged into the Danube. The impact on the air is determined by the plants that operate continuously 20 h/day. Emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur are analyzed. The impact on the soil is estimated by analyzing the waste or different substances resulting from the cans manufacturing process that can infiltrate into the soil. Finally, an environmental impact diagram is presented, considering all these aspects so that the overall effect remains negligible for the environment.
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS NEAR THE EQUILIBRIUM POSITION
Authors: Babadzanjanz L. K. , Pototskaya I.Yu. , Pupysheva Yu.Yu. , Korolev V. S.
Published: October 2023

The problem of the ecological system long-term keeping near the equilibrium position with minimization of control resources is considered. A mathematical formulation of this problem and a method for optimal expenditure control constructing are presented. While deviations from the equilibrium point are very small, its controlled dynamics can be described by linear differential equations with constant coefficients. The control actions are modeled by piecewise-constant unidirectional functions with a finite number of switching points. The choice of this control class is due to the characteristic features of environmental tasks: control actions on living systems are unidirectional and often have a periodic character [3], [5-11]. It can be individuals catching from the population, feeding, watering, thinning, etc. Therefore, the chosen control class takes into account both the unidirectionality and the periodicity of the control actions. Two types of regulation are discussed: adding to the system any substances promoting the population growth (substrates, fertilizers, etc.), and removal of any volumes (catching individuals from the population, thinning, etc.). As a minimizable functional, the expenditure criterion is used, that is proportional in practice to the consumption of resources used for controlling [1], [4]: pesticides, fertilizers, medicines, etc. In some cases, this criterion minimizing, in addition to the economic one, also gives a direct environmental effect. For example, the constructed optimal control allows the pest population to be destroyed with the minimum quantity of toxic chemicals that adversely affect the environment. The method for solving the problem is based on the mechanical systems optimal control problems methods of solution developed by the authors (e.g. [2]). In this paper, taking into account the ecological specifics of the problem, the system of transcendental equations is obtained. Numerical solution of this system allows us to find the control switching points that satisfy the necessary conditions of the expenditure criterion extremum. To find an adequate initial approximation for the standard numerical methods for solving the equations system an original algorithm is presented.
THE 3D GRAPHIC DESIGN OF THE DRILLING AND BLASTING WORKS IN THE ROSIA POIENI OPEN PIT
Authors: Gusat Dorel , Bud Ioan
Published: October 2023

During the European GoldenEye Project Type H2020 Number 869398, three drilling and blasting methods were analyzed in terms of the impact of the works on the environment, the choice of the most optimal scheme from the point of view of rock strength, the reduction of costs and the reduction of the impact of the environment. Here, the environmental footprint of the operation was significantly reduced. Analogous and graphic calculation methods were used using the programs Rhinoceros 3D combined with RhinoTerrain and O- Pitblast, but also topographical elevations with the drone necessary for the realization of the 3D geometrization of the open pit itself. The geomechanical parameters of the rock, geological and structural maps were used for the most accurate planning of the drilling and blasting site. A significant reduction in design times (77%) could be implemented in the design of the works. Optimizing rock mass removal was an important objective in the exploitation of mineral resources due to costs, risks regarding personnel protection. The method of extraction by using the drilling and blasting has been continuously improved by combining practical experience with the theory of explosions and the formation of explosive substances, statistical processing of the data obtained from the blasting, development of analytical, numerical, and graphic models. In the last period, the design activity of the grilling/blasting monograph has been perfected through numerical and graphic methods, facilitating the work of engineers in this field. This design is based on the data provided by the engineers detailing the geological structure of the rock mass to be extracted and the use of the mining product (crushing or grinding needs, use as rough stone, rock deposits, crushed stone, blasting rocks for slope stabilization). This paper analyzes the monograph for geomining and crushing/grinding conditions from Rosia Poieni.
THE APPROACH OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SELECTED COUNTRIES TO SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF THE INTERACTION OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM AND SMOKE AND HEAT EXHAUST VENTILATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Kardosova Alexandra , Kubricka Katerina , Pokorny Jiri , Brumarova Lenka
Published: October 2023

Building fires threaten not only human lives, property and animals, but also the environment. Their safety can be ensured by installing smoke and heat exhaust ventilation system and sprinkler stable fire extinguishing system. However, these devices can negatively affect each other. The procedure for avoiding this negative interaction is different in countries around the world. The aim of this research was to compare the approaches of selected foreign countries to solving the problem of the negative interaction of smoke ventilation and sprinkler system. Firstly, informations from relevant legal regulations, technical standards and professional articles were collected by a research. Then the analysis and comparison of the obtained data were carried out. Based on the synthesis of the findings, the hypothesis that the countries' approach to solving the given problem is not globally uniform was confirmed. Countries' approaches are similar but not identical. The results of the research pointed to the need for changes in national and international standards that would clarify the procedure for designing the cooperation of smoke and heat exhaust ventilation system and sprinkler stable fire extinguishing system.
THE SAFETY CULTURE AWARD - A WAY TO ENCOURAGE CULTURAL CHANGE FOR A SAFER ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Slovackova Ivana
Published: October 2023

Safety culture and the environment are closely linked. In companies, they are very often managed together within the HSE department. In most major industrial accidents that have had a catastrophic impact on the environment one of the causes has been a poor safety culture.
The very definition of safety culture originated in the investigation of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986. Another example of an accident caused by a poor safety culture was the Deepwater Horizon oil rig disaster in 2010, which is one of the largest environmental disasters.
Orders and regulations do not have the power to change safety culture. Changing the culture is much more difficult and cannot be done with conventional techniques. Management has a key role to play in this process. It is important that its members realise that promoting a safety culture positively impacts productivity and efficiency. It is useful to reward companies that are among the best in this area, to raise awareness of the importance of safety culture and to encourage sharing best practices. This was the aim of the Safety Culture Award project. The results showed that companies in the Czech Republic have very different levels of safety culture. It also showed that some companies have invested a lot of energy in developing safety and environmental protection because they consider it an important part of their business and a way to prevent accidents and incidents.
ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF CULTIVATING THE OYSTER MUSHROOM PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS (JACQ.,) P. KUMM. IN A COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION IN SOUTHWEST UGANDA
Authors: Pavlik Martin , Dzurenko Marek , Kiiza Allen , Akanyijuka James , Byandusya Peace
Published: October 2023

The Mushroom Training and Resource Centre (MTRC) is an organization aimed at helping to improve the standard of living for current and future generations of rural residents in Uganda through mushroom cultivation and sales. This community organization was established in 2007 with the primary objective of teaching people from marginalized rural areas how to cultivate the oyster mushroom in a simple and sustainable manner. The fungi are grown on agricultural plant waste, which is transformed into valuable food. The production cycle, including the formation of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies, lasts a total of 4 months, achieving up to 100% biological efficiency. The sale of the fruiting bodies generates significant financial income, while the waste used for mushroom cultivation is converted into "mushroom compost", a valuable natural and organic fertilizer. The aim of current article is to present examples of successful oyster mushroom cultivation in the conditions of Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in the southern part of equatorial Uganda, along with examples of actual economic evaluation of the entire production process. Mushroom cultivation does not require a specialized environment or significant expenses for modifying growth conditions. It does not necessitate fertile agricultural land for food production, ultimately making the mushroom cultivation process beneficial for the environment. The economic impact of the entire production process is directly linked to its environmental and social effects. Evaluating production efficiency, i.e., cost-to-income ratios, is a fundamental component of the current study. The presented data are the result of an accurate evaluation conducted over several years of MTRC's real activities. Using the example of the oyster mushroom, it is possible to showcase that cultivating various wood-decaying fungi can yield a variety of high-quality, tasty, and healthy mushroom fruiting bodies, leading to financial gains.
STRATEGIC PROSPECTS FOR GREEN TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES: A CASE STUDY IN LATVIA
Authors: Auzina Anita , Lamberga Eliza Liga
Published: October 2023

The fourth industrial revolution is currently underway in the global economy. It affects any company, including those applying green technologies whose main purpose is to reduce climate change, the loss of biodiversity and pollution when performing economic activity. Strategic management of the processes is essential for companies to achieve their main goal in parallel with the efficient use of resources when transitioning to a circular economy. Strategic management improves the company�s ability to solve both environmental and climate change impact problems and to achieve the company's economic activity efficiency. Strategic management provides the company with a vision of the future to make strategic decisions that are aligned with the overall development of the company. A carefully and accurately designed strategy is a basis for effective decision-making. The present research aims to identify strategic prospects for green technology companies in Latvia. The following methods were used to achieve the research aim: monographic, analysis and synthesis, induction and strategic management methods (VRIO, SWOT, M. Fishbein�s model). The research results revealed that the implementation of strategic management and strategic priorities is necessary for the long-term development of any company. It is also essential for the long-term operation and development of green technology companies for climate change solutions and environmental protection.
CURRENT METHODS AND TOOLS FOR TEACHING THE GEOGRAPHY OF INDUSTRIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX)
Authors: Khusnutdinova Svetlana R. , Kasimov Denis I. , Khusnutdinov Rustem R. , Valiev Marat R.
Published: October 2023

The article considers the possibilities of using modern methods and tools in teaching the industry section of economic geography, in particular the geography of the fuel and energy complex. The authors propose to use methods and approaches that take into account the significant changes that occurred at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries during the transition from industrial to post-industrial society and the formation of modern information technologies. The article proposes to increase the involvement of schoolchildren and students in the study of industry geographical sections by combining the classical cartographic method using atlases and traditional maps and the daily use of GIS-technology in smartphones. It is proposed to use real-life cases of modern use of electricity, including those that constitute an urban way of life and create an attractive urban environment. Educational tourism can provide an up-to-date look at the changing geography, the history of the development of energy enterprises. An approach that demonstrates the commitment of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex to the ideas of sustainable development and the use of ESG in their practice is mandatory. It is shown how through effective coordination and cooperation in the cross-educational space between universities, formed a unified educational space to achieve learning outcomes in the field of fuel and energy complex. Thus, the current priorities and approaches in the study of geography at school and university to strengthen the practice-oriented effect of learning are identified.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF APPLICATION OF GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Beketova Svetlana , Khayaleeva Albina , Ulengov Ruslan , Gubeeva Svetlana , Kubyshkina Elena
Published: October 2023

This article deals with the development of intellectual abilities of students in the process of using geoinformation technology. Digital technologies, in particular geographic information technologies, are increasingly introduced in the educational process of modern schools. They contribute to the learning of mapping skills, the formation of skills to compare, specify, abstract, summarize, establish cause-effect relationships, draw conclusions, develop critical thinking, contributing to the formation of key competencies aimed at self-development and continuing education, the scientific sophistication and geographic culture. The paper reveals such concepts as thinking, intelligence, functions, qualities of intelligence. It covers the psychological and age-specific features of development, the criteria of age periodization, mechanisms of thought, different ways of theoretical description of the children�s development, evaluation of intelligence, types of thinking. Examples of the use of geoinformation technology in geography classes are given.