bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
William Kentridge’s Activist Uncertainty During and After Apartheid
Authors: Smith Terry
Published: November 2011

The exhibition William Kentridge: Five Themes is the first full-scale Kentridge survey to tour the United States and Europe. Featuring more than 120 animated films, drawings, prints, theater models, and books, it began in March 2009 and ends at the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, in October 2011. More than any other artist, Kentridge has shaped international perceptions of apartheid in South Africa. This exhibition pays due homage to that achievement but also insists on recognizing the artist’s prodigious visual inventiveness, the worldwide relevance of his work. Recently he has been revisiting the modernist avant-garde and the early years of cinema. These interests are brought together in his designs for Shostakovich’s opera The Nose, at the Metropolitan Opera, New York. Kentridge began in the theater and is now returning to it more often; how is theatricalization changing the nature and impact of his art?
Paul Emmanuel’s Transitions: The White South African Male in Process
Authors: Allara Pamela
Published: November 2011

In the installation of twenty-five drawings on exposed photographic paper made between 2005 and 2008 Paul Emmanuel explores the ritual events that construct masculinity and, in his words, “help to form and perpetuate identities and belief systems throughout history.” Although the rituals are familiar—circumcision, induction into the military, marriage, a birthday toast— their representations are left deliberately open-ended and ambiguous. Through his meticulous technique, Emmanuel rigorously examines these liminal moments of transition and, by extension, the tenuous and unstable status of the white male in postapartheid South Africa.
Beyond Geography: Africa and Colonial Time in Who Knows Tomorrow
Authors: Meier Prita
Published: November 2011

During the summer of 2010 the cityscape of Berlin became an important site for contemplating the role and meaning of “Africa” in current exhibition-and art-making practices. Who Knows Tomorrow, a multivenue exhibition organized by the Nation-algalerie, moved beyond multicultural celebrations of globalism and the overarching geographic and spatial taxonomies that still dominate most African art exhibitions. Instead, the exhibition foregrounded the ambiguous presence of colonial time in the analysis of Africa by emphasizing temporal interconnections and transitional moments. By refusing to emphasize geography or identity as categories of analysis, Who Knows Tomorrow promises an alternative logic for the study of Africa’s relation to the world, suggesting new modes of interpretation that begin to acknowledge the disquiet that the coloniality of modernity continues to reproduce in the study of African cultural production.
A Fateful Journey
Authors: Kawaguchi Yukiya
Published: November 2011

The exhibition A Fateful Journey: Africa in the Works of El Anatsui began at the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, in September 2010. My two main goals as curator were to dedicate a large-scale show to one living black African artist and to represent Anatsui’s artworks through narratives of both art history and cultural anthropology. The second goal would not likely be accepted by art-world professionals in Africa, for contemporary African art and artists have unfortunately been suspended between the ethnological museum and the art gallery and between cultural anthropology and art history. But there might be a positive way to examine this situation and meaningfully represent art from a variety of viewpoints, including cultural anthropology and related fields. This exhibition is designed to develop a new site shared by multiple narratives and to encourage curators and art galleries in Japan to turn their eyes to art worlds outside Euro-America.
A Nomad’s Revolutionary Beauty
Authors: Harney Elizabeth
Published: November 2011

Recent readings of El Anatsui’s metal wall hangings celebrate their sheer beauty and grandiosity, marveling at their clever quotations of modernist tropes. However, these readings tend to miss the spiritual drama and melancholy informing his transformation processes; they overlook the links between quieter, consistent practices of nomadism, the insistence of localism in his choices, and the attention to detail and aesthetic pleasure wrought from human labor and the passing of time. This article examines the propitious union of conceptual and aesthetic choices in Anatsui’s oeuvre and their resonance with current contemporary practice in the globalizing West. The interplay of beauty, nomadism, and participatory aesthetics enhances the appeal of Anatsui’s new works, and the intense linkages they establish between time, space, viewer, and material prompt us to redefine the meaning and relevance of beauty to art.
Yto Barrada
Authors: Powers Holiday
Published: November 2011

This article looks at French-Moroccan artist Yto Barrada’s artwork and her role at the Cinémathèque de Tanger (CdT) in response to the mutating cosmopolitanisms of contemporary Tangier, Morocco. The article focuses on her projects A Life Full of Holes: The Strait Project, Iris Tingitana, and “Palm Project” in relation to the tight border with Spain and the new focus on development in Tangier. The CdT, an artists’ project cofounded and currently directed by Barrada, is read as a response to questions posed by Barrada’s personal work and particularly within the context of the city’s contemporary development.
William Pope. L: Landscape + Object + Animal
Authors: Maxwell Jessica
Published: November 2011

Showcasing works dating from the 1990s to present, Landscape + Object + Animal, William Pope.L’s 2010 solo exhibition at the Mitchell-Inness and Nash Gallery in Chelsea, offers a critical reflection on the social, political, and economic totalities that rule the society in which we live. This review suggests that Pope.L’s heterogeneous practice, which includes painting, collage, performance, video, and text excerpts, employs an allegorical mode of seeing in which fragmentary objects, particularly commodity forms, are depleted of their original meanings and associated with radically political ones. Simultaneously inhabiting the roles of man, animal, and Superman, Pope.L traverses the world of objects, redefining the racial, social, and political categories that organize the landscape they occupy.
Ein neuer Überlieferungszeuge von Frauenlobs ›Marienleich‹ in Klosterneuburg
Authors: Jackel Christina
Published: November 2011

On folio 126 of Klosterneuburg's Codex 1128 a short medieval German text can be identified as the first two versicles of Frauenlob's ›Marienleich‹. The article provides a description of the whole manuscript under codicological aspects, followed by a synoptic print of the two versicles from Klosterneuburg and from the ›Göttinger Frauenlob-Ausgabe‹ that outlines the specific characteristics of this discovery – not only regarding formal aspects, but also showing a new formulation that is unique in the transmission of the ›Marienleich‹. The last part of the article focuses on the identification of the text's writing and language.
Vera icon und Schau-Spiel. Zur Medialität der Veronica-Szene im mittelalterlichen Passionsspiel
Authors: Barton Ulrich
Published: November 2011

The vera icon, i. e. the image of the Holy Face which has its origin in Christ pressing his face into a cloth, claims to show Christ in his real historical appearance and thus to allow the believers a quasi-immediate contact with god himself. It has therefore been posited an object holding the capacity to cross the line between presence and representation. The legend of Veronica and her cloth is taken up by nearly all late medieval Passion Plays, which on their part stand between liturgy and theatre. The precarious mediality of both holy image and religious drama is increased as well as reflected on within the framework of the Veronica scenes: One medium mirrors the other, and the Passion Play structurally turns out to be some kind of vera icon itself.
Development of control material for hemoglobin analysis
Authors: Pornprasert Sakorn , Kongthai Kunyakan , Waneesorn Jarurin , Jaiping Kanokwan , Treesuwan Kallayanee
Published: November 2011

There is no certified control material for hemoglobin analysis which has the hemoglobin (Hb)A

Washed and dialysed erythrocytes of normal individuals and patients with β-thalassemia trait, HbE trait, β-thalassemia/HbE disease, homozygous HbE were lysed in 5% sucrose solution. The lyophilized hemoglobin control materials were prepared by using a freeze-drying (lyophilization) method. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of lyophilized hemoglobin was performed after storing at –20°C for 1, 15 and 30 days and for 3 months.

The chromatograms of lyophilized hemoglobin control materials showed similar patterns and similar levels of HbA, HbA

The lyophilized hemoglobin could be developed and used as control materials for hemoglobin analysis.
The multi-cancer marker, rs6983267, located at region 3 of chromosome 8q24, is associated with prostate cancer in Greek patients but does not contribute to the aggressiveness of the disease
Authors: Papanikolopoulou Amalia , Landt Olfert , Ntoumas Konstantinos , Bolomitis Stefanos , Tyritzis Stavros I. , Constantinides Constantinos , Drakoulis Nikolaos
Published: November 2011

Recently, several polymorphisms located on human chromosome 8q24 were found to be associated with prostate cancer risk with different frequency and incidence among the investigated populations. The authors conducted a prostate cancer case-control study in the Greek population to evaluate the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6983267, located at region 3 of chromosome 8q24, with this type of cancer.

Samples of total blood from 86 patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 99 healthy individuals were genotyped using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, Gleason score and levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis were included in the analysis.

A highly significant association (odds ratio=2.84 and p-value=0.002) was found between rs6983267 and prostate cancer in the Greek population. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of the presence of G allele for the discrimination between patients and controls were 81.40%, 39.4%, 53.9% and 70.9%, respectively. A lower proportion of homozygotes was found in patients with PSA level <4 ng/mL compared to those with PSA level more than 4 ng/mL (p=0.019). None of the other clinical factors nor the aggressiveness of the disease were found to be significantly associated with rs6983267 genotype.

The SNP rs6983267 is an established marker for a range of cancers. In prostate cancer, it indicates an enhanced risk for carriers to develop the disease in general. In our study it showed no association with aggressive forms or familial and early-onset prostate cancer families.
Reconstruction of initial Tsunami waveforms by a truncated SVD method
Authors: Voronina Tatyana
Published: November 2011

This paper proposes an approach to reconstructing initial tsunami waveforms in tsunami source areas based on the inversion of remote measurements of water-level data. This inverse problem is treated as an ill-posed problem of hydrodynamic inversion with tsunami tide gauge records. Tsunami wave propagation is considered within the scope of the linear shallow-water theory. The direct problem is approximated by a finite-difference technique. The ill-posed inverse problem of reconstructing initial tsunami waveforms is regularized by means of a least square inversion using the truncated SVD approach. A so-called r-solution is numerically obtained. The algorithm is verified with real bathymetry data of the Peru subduction zone and synthetic records. It is found that the accuracy of tsunami source reconstruction strongly depends on the signal-to-noise ratio, the azimuthal and temporal coverage of tide gauge stations relative to the target area and the bathymetric features along the wave path.
Application of Multi-Directional Flow Consolidometer for a Constant Rate of Strain Consolidation Test Under Various Drainage Conditions
Authors: Yune Chan-Young , Jung Young-Hoon
Published: November 2011

The use of vertical drains in the field demands sophisticated laboratory consolidation testing under various drainage conditions. In this study, a multi-directional flow consolidometer was developed for the constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation test. This device provides variability in controlling the drainage direction (e.g., vertical, radially inward, radially outward) during K0 consolidation. For each drainage condition, relevant theories for interpreting the CRS testing data have been derived. Reconstituted kaolinite specimens were consolidated at a constant rate of 2.9%/h using the developed device with various drainage directions. The results showed consistent compression behavior, and the anisotropic coefficient of consolidation confirmed the applicability of the device in experiments involving in situ consolidation.
A Method for Path Planning Strategy and Navigation of Service Robot
Authors: Budiharto Widodo , Santoso Ari , Purwanto Djoko , Jazidie Achmad
Published: November 2011

This paper presents our work on the development of Path Planning Strategy and Navigation by using ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)controller for a vision-based service robot. The robot will deliver a cup to a recognized customer and a black line as the guiding track for navigating a robot with a single camera. The contribution of this research includes a proposed architecture of ANFIS controller for vision-based service robot integrated with improved face recognition system using PCA, and the algorithm for moving obstacle avoidance. We also propose a path planning algorithm based on Dijkstra's algorithm to obtain the shortest path for robot to move from the starting point to the destination. In order to avoid moving obstacles, we have proposed an algorithm using binaural ultrasonic sensors. The service robot called Srikandi is also equipped with 4 DOF arm and a framework of face recognition system. The proposed path planning strategy and navigation was tested empirically and proved effective.
An Overview to the Exchange Rate Stability as A Criterion of the Accession to the Euro Zone
Authors: Michalczyk Wawrzyniec
Published: November 2011

An Overview to the Exchange Rate Stability as A Criterion of the Accession to the Euro Zone

The paper's objective is to present the results of an analysis of the exchange rate convergence criterion fulfilment by the European Union member states which still use their national currencies and the indication of the fundamental determinants that affect their ability to meet it. There is essential legislation on this criterion indicated, as well as on the ERM2 system which is directly related to it, and the stability of the currencies of EU countries is also briefly examined. The major conclusions include the statement that the interpretation of legal provisions on the exchange rate convergence crite rion allows large subjectivity in assessing its fulfilment by each country. On the other hand, significant fluctuations in exchange rates during recent years, can impede considerably their stabilisation prior to the accession to the euro area and extend the necessary stay in ERM2 system, which in turn will in crease the risk of speculation connected with it. Therefore, justified to a certain extent may seem pro posed abolition of the obligation to formal accession to ERM2 and replacing it with a quantitative criterion related solely to exchange rate fluctuations.
Evolution and Quantitative Comparison of Genome-Wide Protein Domain Distributions
Authors: Parikesit Arli A. , Stadler Peter F. , Prohaska Sonja J.
Published: November 2011

The metabolic and regulatory capabilities of an organism are implicit in its protein content. This is often hard to estimate, however, due to ascertainment biases inherent in the available genome annotations. Its complement of recognizable functional protein domains and their combinations convey essentially the same information and at the same time are much more readily accessible, although protein domain models trained for one phylogenetic group frequently fail on distantly related sequences. Pooling related domain models based on their GO-annotation in combination with de novo gene prediction methods provides estimates that seem to be less affected by phylogenetic biases. We show here for 18 diverse representatives from all eukaryotic kingdoms that a pooled analysis of the tendencies for co-occurrence or avoidance of protein domains is indeed feasible. This type of analysis can reveal general large-scale patterns in the domain co-occurrence and helps to identify lineage-specific variations in the evolution of protein domains. Somewhat surprisingly, we do not find strong ubiquitous patterns governing the evolutionary behavior of specific functional classes. Instead, there are strong variations between the major groups of Eukaryotes, pointing at systematic differences in their evolutionary constraints.
Indatraline: Synthesis and Effect on the Motor Activity of Wistar Rats
Authors: Kameyama Márcia , Siqueira Fernanda A. , Garcia-Mijares Miriam , F. Silva, Jr. Luiz , Silva Maria T. A.
Published: November 2011

A new approach for the synthesis of indatraline was developed using as the key step an iodine(III)-mediated ring contraction of a 1,2-dihydronaphthalene derivative. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of indatraline and of its precursor indanamide on the motor activity of Wistar rats. Specific indexes for ambulation, raising and stereotypy were computed one, two and three hours after i.p. drug administration. Indatraline effects on motor activity lasted for at least three hours. On the other hand, no significant differences in motor activity were observed using indanamide. The results suggest that indatraline has a long lasting effect on motor activity and add evidence in favor of the potential use of that compound as a substitute in cocaine addiction.
Activité et travail, approche comparative hommes/femmes
Authors: Langevin Annette
Published: November 2011

Annette Langevin s'appuie sur les travaux du groupe « Articulation système productif et structures familiales : approches comparatives hommes/ femmes » pour proposer quelques réflexions méthodologiques et théoriques pour l'étude du travail féminin : dynamique des cursus économico-professionnel et socio-matrimonial, partition sexuée du monde du travail, articulation entre production et reproduction, mécanismes de reconduction de la dichotomie sexuée des statuts sociaux des hommes et des femmes...
Le vieillissement de la campagne française : phénomène démographique géographique et social
Authors: Paillat Paul
Published: November 2011

L'augmentation considérable du nombre de ruraux âgés et surtout très âgés est un indicateur inquiétant pour l'avenir de nombreuses petites communes et même de cantons. Paul Paillat constate l'extension géographique des phénomènes de dépeuplement et de vieillissement de la campagne française et s'inquiète des cantons très vieillis où, socialement, le vieillissement est devenu un phénomène en soi et un problème auquel il faut trouver des solutions adaptées aux particularités régionales.
La mobilité spatiale : un processus social fondamental
Authors: Bassand Michel , Brulhardt Marie-Claude
Published: November 2011

Spatial mobility: a fundamental social process.

Society could neither function nor evolve without people's movements in space. The urban world of contemporary industrialized societies particularly requires a fluid and multiform mobility, Michel Bassand and Marie-Claude Brulhardt advocate a general scheme of analysis which combines the five necessary conditions to global apprehension and comprehension of spatial mobility: interdisciplinarity, recognition of the irreductibility of the macro social level (society, space ...) and of agents' level, examination of the factors and consequencies of the flows, systematic approach to spatial mobility, recognition of the interdependance between mobility and spatial organization gnition of the irreductibility of the macro social level (society, space ...) and of agents' level, examination of the factors and consequencies of the flows, systematic approach to spatial mobility, recognition of the interdependance between mobility and spatial organization
L'intégration des étrangers dans les grandes villes allemandes : bases théoriques, observations empiriques et évaluation d'une situation
Authors: Ruile Arno
Published: November 2011

L'immigration en R.F.A., primitivement temporaire, est devenue peu à peu définitive. Cette situation n'a jamais été prise en compte dans la politique de traitement de l'immigration. Malgré l'étroitesse des contacts sociaux entre communautés et malgré le rejet croissant des immigrés par les autochtones, la revendication d'assimilation des 2e et 3e générations va s'accroître. Si on ne parvient pas à utiliser les chances d'intégration sociale et spatiale qui existent au niveau communal, la ségrégation et les conflits vont se développer.
Identité de groupe - identité de territoire [Sur les rapports entre population et espace]
Authors: George Pierre
Published: November 2011

Le rapport le plus simple des populations à l'espace est l'appropriation, qui s'exprime par des limites, une désignation et une organisation. Mais le rôle des conquêtes, des subordinations et des migrations a multiplié les formes de relations entre populations se partageant un même espace. L'auteur analyse plus particulièrement le cas de la superposition d'une grille à une autre et celui de l'éviction d'une population de son espace et de sa projection dans l'espace des autres.
La naissance de la démocartographie. Analyse historique et sémiologique
Authors: Palsky Gilles
Published: November 2011

The birth of demogeography. Historical and semiological analysis.

The cartography of demographic phenomena has been hindered for a long time by the difficulty in finding a symbolism which integrated the spatial variations of quantitative data. The first attempts were made by statisticians or technicians and remained quite formalist. The graphic language of demogeography was progressively constituted with the first works of geographers of population.
La population comme objet de connaissance scientifique. Quelques remarques et hypothèses sur la constitution de la géographie humaine et de la morphologie sociale
Authors: Rhein Catherine
Published: November 2011

Un grand nombre de problèmes soulevés à l'heure actuelle en géographie humaine l'avaient été aussi par la morphologie sociale. Le refus évident du débat de la part des géographes vidaliens fait donc problème dans l'histoire de la discipline. Le modèle positif a continué à dominer en géographie tandis que les autres sciences sociales se constituaient en disciplines critiques. Ne faut-il pas exposer la géographie humaine aux critiques des autres sciences sociales pour qu'elle parvienne enfin au statut de science sociale à part entière ?
L'enseignement de la géographie de la population dans les universités françaises
Authors: Damais Jean-Philippe , Guillon Michelle , Sztokmann Nicole
Published: November 2011

Les auteurs dressent un tableau de l'enseignement universitaire de la géographie de la population en France à partir d'une enquête à laquelle ont répondu 39 unités d'enseignement et de recherche ou de départements de géographie. La géographie de la population est enseignée à peu près partout en 1er cycle où elle est considérée comme un enseignement de base, souvent assez étroitement associé à une formation en démographie. La poursuite de cet enseignement en 2e et 3e cycles ne concerne que quelques centres peu nombreux.
Géographie du travail et de la santé : le cas de la mortalité par cancers par secteurs d'activité selon les bassins d'emploi au Québec
Authors: Thouez Jean-Pierre , Godon D.
Published: November 2011

Les auteurs partent de l'axiome selon lequel le cancer est pratiquement dû à l'exposition à des agents chimiques ou physiques cancérigènes et ils testent l'influence du milieu de travail sur la mortalité par cancer. Pour cela, la population québécoise âgée de 35 à 64 ans est répartie par bassins d'emploi.

Puis en ayant recours à l'analyse de régression, les différentes causes de décès sont mises en parallèle avec les secteurs d'activité. On note, de façon significative une surmortalité par cancer des voies respiratoires dans les bassins où prédominent les industries de première transformation et les mines.
Le cancer en Europe
Authors: Duchene Josianne , Van Houte-Minet Michèle
Published: November 2011

L'évolution de la mortalité par cancer en Europe au cours des deux décennies allant de 1955 à 1975, est analysée pour les seize pays dont les statistiques semblaient les plus fiables. L'étude menée pour chacun des sexes a montré au sein de ces seize pays des évolutions semblables à la hausse ou à la baisse : la régression générale des cancers des voies digestives, la progression des tumeurs des voies respiratoires et des tissus lymphatiques et hématopoïétiques sont bien des phénomènes européens de même que la diminution des tumeurs du sein et des organes génito-urinaires féminins ou le mouvement inverse au niveau des organes génito-urinaires masculins. Cependant, il n'a pas été possible de dresser une typologie de la mortalité européenne. Pour chaque type de cancer étudié le groupe des pays à mortalité supérieure ou inférieure à la moyenne n'est pas toujours composé des mêmes unités. Tout au plus observe-t-on une tendance des pays nordiques à se situer sous la moyenne européenne pour les tumeurs des voies respiratoires et digestives. Les schémas sont plus flous encore lorsque l'on travaille à partir des données de morbidité fournies par les registres européens en raison de la qualité très diverse de l'enregistrement réalisé par ceux-ci. Pour chaque forme de tumeur, les évolutions observées ont été reliées aux divers facteurs explicatifs possibles liés à l'environnement, aux modes de vie et habitudes alimentaires et à l'appartenance à certaines générations.
La mortalité par maladies cardio-vasculaires dans les pays industrialisés
Authors: Maffenini W.
Published: November 2011

L'analyse de l'évolution de la mortalité par causes dans les pays industrialisés a fait apparaître qu'à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle il y a eu un changement radical dans la typologie des causes de décès. On voit ainsi qu'aujourd'hui les maladies cardio-vasculaires (m.c.v.) sont depuis quelques décennies la première cause de décès. La démarche adoptée dans cet article pour approfondir cette évolution a été la suivante : on a considéré d'abord les lignes générales de l'évolution de la mortalité par m.c.v. pendant la première moitié du XXe siècle ; on a ensuite fait une étude plus analytique de cette mortalité pour la période récente. On a ainsi étudié l'évolution de la mortalité par m.c.v. depuis 1950 soit dans son ensemble soit selon trois groupes de causes de décès : cardiopathies, maladies cérébro-vasculaires et maladies des vaisseaux.
Households in the reduction phase, residential mobility ans housing consumption
Authors: Dieleman Frans M. , Clark W. A. V. , Deurloo M. C.
Published: November 2011

Les ménages dans la phase de réduction : mobilité résidentielle et consommation de logement.

La littérature sur la mobilité résidentielle nous montre que les familles qui déménagent cherchent un logement en « équilibre » avec la structure de la famille et du revenu familial. Ce sont surtout les jeunes familles, qui pendant leur quinze premières années, la phase de croissance, connaissent une mobilité élevée. La phase suivante a une mobilité considérablement plus basse. Les raisons pour déménager ne s'imposent plus. La réduction du nombre de personnes dans la famille n'entraîne pas nécessairement un déménagement vers un logement « approprié ». Les développements démographiques aux Pays-Bas produiront une augmentation du nombre de familles dans la phase ultérieure de réduction pour la période 1990 à 2010. Ce développement se traduira par une diminution de la mobilité résidentielle moyenne et du taux d'occupation des logements. Ceci entraînera des conséquences considérables pour la politique de logement social.
The geography of unemployment: the case of Denmark
Authors: Illeris Sven
Published: November 2011

The geography of unemployment or non-occupied populations shows in Denmark the same pattern as elsewhere in capitalist Europe: total unemployment rates are weaker in the capital region; since the early 1970's, unemployment has increased more in core regions than in outlying areas; female and youth unemployment rates are particularly high in peripherical regions; male unemployment rates are relatively higher in core regions. Danish data allow a precise geographical analysis of segmentations on the labour market, considering both supply and demand. So, S. Illeris studies, for the whole of Denmark, unemployment among young women with a clerical or sales education, among both sexes people with academic education and, inside the Copenhagen area only, among unskilled, middle-aged men. There is no simple pattern for those three labour markets. This conception of the geography of unemployment fits well into those general models which believe that there is no one simple explanation of unemployment in advanced capitalist countries.
Vivre et chômer au village : crise, chômage et adaptations en milieu rural
Authors: Wuillaume R. , Vandewattyne J. , Vandewattyne P.
Published: November 2011

Les études sur le vécu du chômage doivent prendre en compte les réalités spatiales : le chômage est vécu différemment en zones urbaines ou rurales. Dans celles-ci, le chômage de longue durée s'accompagne d'un retrait partiel de l'économie marchande et de l'extension d'activités de substitution. Ceci peut contribuer à expliquer le meilleur comportement migratoire des zones rurales enregistré en Belgique depuis quelques années.
Aspects de l'évolution démographique récente dans les pays du Moyen-Orient arabe
Authors: Samman Mouna Liliane
Published: November 2011

Some aspects of the recent demographic evolution in the countries of the Middle East

Over the past 25 or 30 years great progress has been made in the collection of demographic data in the Middle East. This has brought to light the fact that there has been a substantial decline in mortality which, coupled with the continuing high level of fertility in all the countries of the region, has resulted in an increased natural growth rate of 2.9 % per year, one of the highest growth rates in the world. The total population in the area has multiplied by 2.7 in the last thirty years, from 22 millions in 1955 to 59 millions in 1985. Some countries have experienced more rapid urbanization than others, resulting in an uneven distribution of population and with the greatest concentrations being in the major cities and more especially in the capitals. Since 1973 there has been an increase in intra-regional and international migration towards the oil-rich Gulf States, as well as an intensification of family grouping. The socio-economic impact of these changes and the resulting problems does not seem to have compromised the development in the region, partly due to the importance of the revenue from the oil producing countries.
Population in growth in Kenya
Authors: O'Connor Anthony
Published: November 2011

The population of Kenya is increasing more rapidly than in any other country of the world. The annual growth rate is estimated to be around 4% by the early 1980s. The fertility level is exceptionally high and the age structure is extremely young. Nevertheless, there are marked regional variations of demographic indicators within the country.
La baisse récente de la fécondité au Brésil
Authors: Rossini Rosa Ester
Published: November 2011

La baisse de la fécondité au Brésil a eu une intensité accrue au cours des deux dernières décennies. L'introduction de la pilule à partir de 1965 a joué un rôle significatif à ce point de vue. Les données issues des recensements révèlent des différences importantes de fécondité selon les catégories socio-économiques. La chute accentuée aussi bien de la mortalité que de la fécondité a provoqué des changements substantiels dans la croissance totale de la population brésilienne ; l'accroissement de l'immigration a été par contre insignifiant. Une autre conséquence à mettre en relief est l'augmentation de l'espérance de vie du Brésilien. De même que les caractéristiques de la mortalité générale et infantile, de la natalité, de l'espérance de vie et des migrations sont le reflet des disparités de revenus dans les divers secteurs de la société, de même la distribution elle-même de la population dans l'espace détermine la position qu'occupent les individus par rapport au pouvoir.
Contribution à la réflexion théorique sur la mobilité spatiale des populations
Authors: Thumerelle Pierre-Jean
Published: November 2011

Theoretical reflections on migrations and the spatial mobility of populations.

Only a theoretical reflection allows us to conceptualize and to survey the interrelationships, the covariations, and the retroactions in their social, temporal and spatial links. It becomes more and more necessary to formulate a theory which would convey the complexity of our field of investigation.

The splitting of systems into sub-systems allows us to solve the problems we face when working on different geographic and demographic scales (e.g. social and temporal scales) and to establish some kind of correlation between micro and macro-scale studies, which otherwise remain incompatible.

Demogeographers are partial to the field concerning the spatial mobility of individuals, whereas demographers do not find any satisfactory theoretical model for it. This field of study can provide us with the means to define many a system. Spatial mobility is already in itself a very complex system of moves (commuting links, intra-urban migrations, out-migrations etc.) seperately organized into no hierarchy (flux, migratory spheres), intricate sub-systems within the management system of society. The demographic components, the individual behaviours, the spatial distribution and the social structures are some of these sub-systems. The different structures and internal dynamics of each subsystem as well as their retro-active effects determine the spatial mobility of populations which creates new balances but also new tensions and pertubations.

One should not substitute an intellectual speculation to the understanding and description of reality. The internal consistency of the system and its apparent logic should be preferred to the probing into empirical studies.
Une famille de modèles spatiaux et leur application à la matrice des migrants interdépartementaux français pour la période 1968-1975
Authors: Pumain Denise , Poulain Michel
Published: November 2011

A family of spatial models applied to the 1968-75 migration matrix of the french "departements".

A family of models is proposed for the analysis of tables showing migration flows between geographical subdivisions. The aim is to use them as a filter, in order to remove, in observed migration flows, the part which is due to variations in size of populations and in geographical configurations (distance, compactness, contiguity) of every couple of zones being considered. The example of migrants having been exchanged between 94 french departments from 1968 to 1975 is given to show the efficiency of those models. The quality of adjustement is very good and the residuals can easily be interpreted in terms of regional variations in mobility behaviours.
Urban Change and Policy responses in Britain
Authors: Robson Brian
Published: November 2011

L'évolution des villes et la politique urbaine en Grande-Bretagne.

Les grandes villes britanniques ont connu un déclin important en termes de population, d'emplois et de revenus depuis les années cinquante. Face à cette évolution, l'article cherche à répondre à trois questions.

Ce processus de déclin urbain est-il naturel dans le cadre de l'économie de marché, ou est-ce-que les politiques urbaines y ont joué un rôle - que celui-ci soit conscient ou non ? Les secteurs publics et privés sont-ils capables de transformer cette évolution, plus particulièrement dans le domaine du marché du logement, étant donné le contexte de crise économique ? Ces différentes stratégies urbaines ont-elles renforcé les disparités sociales et spatiales dans les grandes villes ? Pour répondre à la dernière question, des données détaillées des recensements de 1971 et 1981 pour le Grand Manchester sont analysées.
Madrid : devenir du logement social construit sous le franquisme
Authors: Coudroy de Lille Laurent
Published: November 2011

Madrid: the influence of public housing built under Franco on the present social structure.

During Francoism, essentially from 1955 to 1965, public authorities tried to solve the Madrid urban growth problem by building social housing. They are very different in nature and localization. One can study their influence on the present-day social structure of the city, well known with recent factorial studies. They have a secundary role in the centre, but important in the peripheral districts, especially in the transformation of the traditional suburbs and in the formation of the great working-class crescent in the southeast. In other zones, this role is difficult to interpret, at least at the scale of the neighbourhood.
Les étrangers dans les grandes agglomérations françaises 1962-1982
Authors: Guillon Michelle , Le Fur Anne
Published: November 2011

Foreigners in French urban agglomerations. 1962-1982.

The increasing percentages of foreigners among the French population (foreigners' rates) is due to a faster increase of the foreign population than that of the French population, as analysed from census to census for the last twenty years. These facts do not account for local differences: the paper examines, for each of the 57 agglomerations of more than 100000 inhabitants in 1982, the evolutions not only of foreigners rates but also of the variations of French and foreign populations. Types of evolution are described focusing on the part played by foreign migrations in urban growth.
Population Changes in Rural Britain: a Review
Authors: Clout Hugh
Published: November 2011

Long-established urban concentration and rural depopulation were overtaken during the past twenty years by widespread increase of population in areas that were still dominated by rural land uses. Dispersion of suburbia (rurbanization), decentralization of job opportunities, counter-urbanization in remote areas, and retirement migration each played a role in the complex trend of repopulation. These processes gave rise to social, economic and cultural dilemmas. The British countryside is an arena of unequal opportunity whith regard to access to housing and to services of all kinds.
Accroissement de la population et migrations intérieures dans les régions péri-urbaines et extra-urbaines des Pays-Bas.
Authors: Atzema O. A. L .C , Bargeman C. A.
Published: November 2011

Population growth and internal migration in the peri-urban and extra-urban areas of the Netherlands

The differences in regional growth in the Netherlands are increasingly linked with internal migrations. Since the seventies, a slackening of counter-urbanization is observed while flows of young migrants are increasing towards the urban areas. A result of this change is the ageing of the non-urban population.
Rural Demography in Spain Today
Authors: Vidal T. , Renaco J.
Published: November 2011

Until the late fifties, Spain was, to a high degree, an agro-rural country. The economic boom, mainly monopolized by Barcelona, Madrid and Bilbao, involved a great rural exodus, a genuine and large rural depopulation in these areas, normally densely populated, and the ageing of the population. In the sixties, a great deal had been written about the large inner migratory movements, but the real influence of these migrations on the remaining rural population is rather unknown. Since 1965, precise demographic measurements give definitive answers to the present differences between rural and urban demography, and emphasize the part played by marriage-rate and fecundity in the deruralisation phenomena of population of districts in the outskirts of the main cities. The decrease of gross birth-rates is not an exclusive consequence of the young people migration, but also the average age for marrying and of the permanent celibacy age increase and of the fecundity decrease. The typical over fecundity has completely disappeared and today these populations appear to be the most malthusian ones in Spain.
How many old people will there be in the United Kingdom and where will they live?
Authors: Rees Philip
Published: November 2011

La population âgée du Royaume-Uni à l'avenir.

Cette étude commence par considérer les résultats des calculs perspectifs de la population âgée du Royaume-Uni par le Government Actuary, l'Office of Population Censuses and Surveys et par les universités, au niveau national et au niveau régional. L'étude examine l'importance de deux hypothèses fondamentales : l'augmentation continue de la durée de vie et les directions futures des migrations internes (avant et après la retraite). Quelques nouveaux calculs sont présentés pour vingt régions en employant des perspectives à l'échelle régionale et quelques modèles alternatifs pour la mortalité et les migrations. Les conséquences de ces calculs pour la population âgée du Royaume- Uni sont analysées.
Le vieillissement démographique des quartiers des grandes villes françaises
Authors: Gaymu Joëlle
Published: November 2011

En 20 ans (1962-1982), la population étudiée (12 métropoles régionales découpées en 430 quartiers) a subi un vieillissement considérable. L'analyse de l'évolution des quartiers, à partir de leur degré de vieillissement initial, conduit à constater la reproduction en 1982 de la hiérarchie des situations observées en 1962 : les quartiers les plus vieillis initialement le sont toujours 20 ans après. Un quartier à la structure par âge déjà vieillie n'arrive pas à renouveler sa population et finit par se dépeupler. La localisation des âges dans l'espace n'est pas le fruit du hasard. L'analyse de trois exemples de villes (Amiens, Nancy, Nice), aux caractéristiques démographiques contrastées, conduit à constater que si des poches de concentration de personnes âgées existent partout, elles sont avant tout le propre des centres historiques, à l'espace saturé et au parc de logements vieillis et vétustés.
Aperçu général du vieillissement des populations de la communauté des pays de l'Est
Authors: Kostrubiec Benjamin
Published: November 2011

A general view on populations' ageing in the Eastern states community.

Eastern European countries appeal to the same political system. Obvious analogies of their demographic behaviours composition of nations and proximity make easy a com- parative study. Every country has its own factors of diversity, in relation with history, culture, wealth and demographic past. Nevertheless, the evolution of demographic structures shows many similarities.
L'explosion de l'offre artisanale à Abidjan et ses relations avec la récession économique (1980-1985)
Authors: Haeringer Philippe
Published: November 2011

En l'espace de quelques années, les banlieues d'Abidjan ont vu se multiplier et se formaliser une offre artisanale de production, de services et de distribution à la faveur d'une crise économique. Entre un secteur de subsistance stricto sensu et un secteur de transition réelle, il est proposé de reconnaître l'existence d'un secteur artisanal disposé à innover et à améliorer un patrimoine sans pour autant entrer dans la spirale de l'accumulation. D'où la notion de reproduction améliorée. Les liens entre l'épanouissement du fait artisanal et une conjoncture de récession économique, permettent de souligner les rapports de l'économique au culturel. En l'occurence, il est possible de raisonner en termes de citadinité. Au bénéfice de celle-ci on peut notamment inscrire le développement d'un artisanat de proximité, ainsi que l'apparition de services comme l'infirmerie du coin de la rue, la cabine téléphonique ou le conseiller juridique et fiscal.
Mutations de l'emploi en région parisienne
Authors: Cohen Jeanine
Published: November 2011

Changes in employment in the Paris region

In the Paris Region (Ile-de-France), firms of a certain size (more than 10 workers) provide most of the employments. A lot of these firms are dealing with Upper- stream services for industries, Automobile or High technologies. They set in Ile-de- France their directional jobs, more skilled than anywhere else in France, and especially in the surrounding "ZPIU" (industrial and urban zones). They also give its shape to the inner metropolitan spatial organization.
Ouvriers étrangers et français des usines Renault. Pratiques de mobilisation de la main-d'œuvre.
Authors: Guillon Michelle
Published: November 2011

Renault, à Billancourt comme à Flins, emploie des effectifs comparables d'ouvriers français et immigrés. A lieu de travail égal, à qualification égale, la localisation résidentielle varie fortement selon les nationalités. Le bassin d'emploi de chacune des deux usines juxtapose des zones de résidence induites par la présence de l'usine et des zones de résidence des ouvriers de diverses nationalités, constituées indépendamment de l'entreprise.
Péri-urbanisation et migrations de population active en Ile-de-France
Authors: Boyer Jean-Claude
Published: November 2011

En Ile-de-France, la périurbanisation se poursuit, à un rythme plus rapide pour l'habitat que pour l'emploi. Ces migrations, qui obéissent pour la plupart à des logiques purement résidentielles (sans changement du lieu d'activité), entraînent le développement et l'allongement des mouvements pendulaires, avec pour conséquence un engorgement critique du système de transport.
Mesure territoriale de la fluidité du chômage.
Authors: Minni Claude , Poinat François
Published: November 2011

La mesure instantanée du chômage est réductrice et donc d'interprétation un peu fragile. Pourtant, la tentation est grande de mobiliser, au fur et à mesure de leur disponibilité, les fichiers successifs de l'ANPE pour émettre un diagnostic et mesurer des évolutions sur diverses formes de chômage (fréquences, durées...) à un niveau géographique fin (ici la zone d'emploi). Mais on verra qu'une analyse discontinue, même sur longue période, n'est pas toujours suffisante, notamment pour mesurer la fluidité du marché du travail. La deuxième partie expose une méthode permettant de répondre à cette question.
Apporter du nouveau sur les migrations internationales ?
Authors: Rochefort Renée
Published: November 2011

L'auteur pense que le « nouveau » dans la recherche sur les migrations internationales est plus que largement esquissé tant sur le plan conceptuel que sur celui des sources d'information. Parmi les thèmes porteurs il en retient surtout cinq : le développement de la méthode comparative à l'échelon européen, l'étude des familles complètes et plus seulement des individus, l'analyse de la gestion du temps de leur vie par les migrants internationaux, l'attention portée à l'étude des réseaux, l'importance apportée aux représentations.
Femmes et activités agricoles en Espagne
Authors: Garcia-Ramon Dolores
Published: November 2011

Le but de cet article est d'analyser le rôle des hommes et des femmes dans le secteur agricole en Espagne, en particulier dans l'exploitation familiale. Le concept de travail agricole féminin, en rapport avec l'utilisation des catégories statistiques est d'abord analysé. Le rôle des femmes dans l'agriculture est ensuite étudié à partir des données du recencement de 1982. Mais celui-ci rend compte de façon partielle et imparfaite de la réalité du travail des femmes dans les exploitations familiales. En particulier, la catégorie d'« aide familiale » contribue beaucoup à gonfler la catégorie de celles travaillant à temps partiel et ne possédant pas le statut d'activé.