bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Excess Atmospheric CO2 on Calcium Carbonate Producers along the Red Sea Coast of Yemen: Its Risk and Socio-economic Impacts.
Authors: Rushdi Ahmed
Published: December 2023

The formation of calcite and aragonite, integral components of marine organisms’ skeletons, is contingent on the degree of saturation (W) of seawater with respect to carbonate minerals. The decrease in W, driven by an excess of atmospheric carbon dioxide, poses challenges for calcifying organisms in their ability to create and maintain their skeletal structures and shells. As a result, we conducted a collection of surface seawater samples from various locations along the Red Sea coast of Yemen to address three key objectives: (1) ascertain the current W values for calcite and aragonite, (2) project alterations in these values attributable to seawater pH reduction (acidification) over the next 50 and 200 years, and (3) assess potential ecological consequences and risks associated with these impeding changes. During both winter and summer, we conducted measurements of various oceanographic parameters, including temperatures (ToC), salinities (S), pH values, and total alkalinities (TA). In winter season, these parameters were ToC = 26.4±0.5oC, S = 36.9±0.5, pH = 8.16±0.3 and TA = 2.409±0.104 meq/Kg, whereas in summer ToC = 34.6±0.6oC, S = 38.5±0.2, pH = 8.11±0.12 and TA = 2.428±0.036 meq/Kg. These measured parameters served as crucial inputs for the assessment of carbonate chemistry, including the determination of seawater’s W values with respect to both calcite and aragonite. The findings indicated that surface seawater was supersaturated with respect to both calcite and aragonite. The percent degree of saturation (%W) for calcite was 553±89% in winter and 607±77% in summer, while for aragonite was 367±58% in winter and 415±53% in summer. Over the course of the next five decades, the surface seawater %W with respect to calcite is projected to decrease approximately 464±111% during winter months and 499±78% during summer. At the same time, it is expected to decline to around 251±60% in winter and 341±53% in summer for aragonite. In the next two centuries, these percentages are anticipated to further decrease to 249±57% in winter and 281±48% in summer for calcite, and to 135±31% in winter and 192±33% in summer for aragonite. Acidification of seawater will have serious environmental consequences on the marine and coastal habitats of the Red Sea of Yemen and the entire region. Further studies are warranted to monitor and investigate the occurrence, distribution, mineralogy of corals, and the effects of physical and chemical parameter variations on their growth in the region.
A pair of Chinese Shang oracle graphs Niu and Yang for certain livestock originate from the Neolithic Fertile Crescent
Authors: Liu Zhihua
Published: December 2023

Utilizing the multiple evidence of genetics, archaeology, iconography, graphemics and philology, this paper discovers two foreign elements Niu and Yang from the Fertile Crescent, in the Shang oracle inscriptions. This discovery provides a clue to investigate the relations of several pictograph type writing systems of the Bronze Age old world. The connection of the Shang graph pair Niu and Yang with the Halaf culture motif pair bucrania and mouflons is disclosed by the shared contents of their meaning: taurine cattle and sheep/goats from the Fertile Crescent. The second prototype of the Halaf motif pair, the back view of the whole body is distinguished from the head view by comparing the motifs with animal images and according to their placement in the evolution. Owing to the same forms, the same degree of abstraction, and the same diagnostic feature, a pair of huge and curved horns, the Shang graph pair falls in the clusters of those abstract variants of the Halaf motif pair, which coincide with that the Shang graph pair stay outside the category of all the other four-legged animals’ Shang oracle graphs, not only because of the different view types, but also the more abstract forms implying their more ancient times.
Insights into Teachers' Funds of Knowledge:
Authors: Levine Sarah , Sigvardsson Anna
Published: December 2023

Over more than a century of formal schooling in literature, generations of students have become acculturated to authoritative school-based discourses that devalue everyday literary practices. However, research indicates that when students draw on their everyday practices in the classroom, they engage in rich literary reading experiences. In the current study, we argue that school-based discourses may limit teachers just as they limit students, and that teachers’ literary funds of knowledge may be another potentially powerful resource for closing the distance between school and everyday reading. Drawing on social and literary metaphors of distance and closeness, we compared the discussions of the same teachers reading the same poems in personal (book club) and professional (lesson planning) settings. Analysis showed that teachers’ literary stances differed across conditions. For instance, in the book club condition, teachers were more than twice as likely to enact a close stance when reading—immersing themselves in the text-world and empathizing with characters. We recommend that researchers and teacher educators attend more closely to and make visible the constraints of school-based discourses and the value of everyday funds of knowledge—not just for students, but for teachers.
Dialogue and defamiliarization
Authors: Tengberg Michael , Johansson Maritha , Sønneland Margrethe
Published: December 2023

To lead discussions about complex literary texts in a classroom of teenagers is no doubt a challenging task for many teachers. It is therefore meaningful to explore how teachers’ management of literature discussions can be supported and improved. Prior research indicates a positive relationship between certain modes of discussion and increased literary awareness. Yet observational studies underscore that open-ended, probing discussions about literature are scarce in today’s classrooms.

                      This article elaborates the theoretical framing of an intervention designed to improve the quality of teacher-led discussions about complex literary texts. We argue that dialogic theory, appropriate for highlighting the processes of classroom interaction, needs to be supplemented by theory that offers an explanation for the role of the literary text and its impact on both readers and their interaction processes. For this purpose, we examine the conceptual matching between theory of dialogic teaching, drawing on Bakhtin’s idea of meaning making as inherently dialogic, and theories of literary reception, specifically Shklovsky’s concept defamiliarization and recent didactical analysis of Derrida’s concept undecidability. The intention of the paper is to suggest a theoretical framing of the intervention, one that allows for both analysis of the aesthetic processes of reading and talking about literature, and specific guidance of teachers’ management of those discussions.
Sustainability as a Component of Speech Culture
of the Modern Ukrainian
Authors: Bondarenko Olena , Sydorenko Olha , Bondarenko Yulia
Published: December 2023

The article reveals the meaning of the concept of "sustainability" as one of the components of speech culture. The importance of cultural ecological speech and the correct use of lexical norms is understood. The application of a complex research methodology, the basis of which is statistical analysis, elements of descriptive and structural methods, which is due to the richness of the material involved in the research, which is designed to serve to achieve a deeper disclosure of the topic, contributed to the clarification of how words and actions affect the work of the brain and the physiological state people, how harmful an aggressive environment and toxic, negatively colored words are for the brain.
The most used words and expressions with a negative meaning by today's youth became the empirical material of the study. Their meaning and origin, appropriateness of use in communication is clarified.
The main principles of avoiding destructive vocabulary in speech are outlined.
Application of cluster analysis for grouping Brassica oleracea var. italica varieties for the difference test
Authors: Dydiv O. Y. , Khareba V. V. , Khareba O.V. , Leshchuk N.V. , Orlenko N. S. , Orlenko O.B.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. To use cluster analysis of morphological cha­racters to simplify the identification of Brassica oleracea var. italica and form groups of similar varieties for the test of difference.
Methods. Analytical, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the work. As input information for the statistical processing of the obtained results, information on the results of the examination for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) from the database of the Automated Information System of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Varieties Examination was used. Cluster modelling was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences”.
Results. A morphological description of broccoli varieties was carried out on the basis of 32 characteristics for the examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability. The morphological code formulae of the latter, composed of the corresponding codes for the manifestation of identifying characteristics of vegetative and generative organs of plants, served as a source of initial data. Out of 41 varieties described by 32 morphological characteristics, only two groups were found to be similar in terms of the identifying characteristics of the varieties. Two types of variables were used as parameters of the model: target – characteristic “Head: anthocyanin colour”, focal – “Head: colour”. The full list of characteristics was as follows “plant: by height (at harvest maturity)”, “leaf: position (at beginning of head formation)”, “leaf blade: wavy edge”, “leaf blade: blistering”, “petiole: by length”, “head: colour”, “head: anthocyanin colour”, “head: by density”, “flower: colour”, “flower: intensity of yellow colour”, “male sterility”. Using computer modelling, clusters of 17 similar broccoli varieties and 9 control objects (varieties) were formed, the identification of which involved eleven morphological characteristics.
Conclusions. In order to search for distinguishing characteristics in the process of testing the difference of cabbage varieties, broccoli was grouped into clusters according to such morphological characteristics as the position of the leaf at the beginning of the formation of the head; waviness of the edge of the leaf blade; blistering of the leaf plate; petiole length; head colour; presence of anthocyanin and intensity of yellow colour.
R&D deductions in the Czech Republic: Is the amount dependent on the size of a company?
Authors: Brabec Zdeněk , Černíková Martina , Hyblerová Šárka
Published: December 2023

Research and development (R&D) is considered a critical factor in the long-term performance of companies. Governments are therefore seeking to increase the availability of R&D support for enterprises. This support may include indirect or tax support, often offered as deductions from the tax base or credits on already calculated tax. The paper analyzes the average amount of R&D deductions depending on the size of enterprises in the Czech Republic that use R&D deductions. The research sample includes all companies residing in the Czech Republic that filed tax returns between 2009 and 2021. The methods of descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and trend analysis were used to test the hypotheses. The results suggest a statistically significant difference (α < 0.01) between the average R&D deduction of companies using the R&D deduction and a company’s size. Furthermore, it was found that the average amount of the R&D deduction has changed and is expected to change as well. This trend in the case of micro companies is negative, and by other groups, it is relatively constant or slightly rising and is also expected to increase. Authorities could use these results to adjust tax laws governing R&D deductions in the Czech Republic.
Acknowledgment This article was written as one of the outputs of support from the project of Excellent Research called “The impact of tax optimization of intangible assets on corporate finances and national public budgets,” which is being continuously implemented at the Faculty of Economics of the Technical University in Liberec within the years 2021–2022.
Problematic Issues of Competition in the Outdoor Advertising Market
Authors: Vaksman Rehina
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes problematic issues related to competition and the legal regulation of the outdoor advertising market. This form of advertising remains effective in promoting goods and services, despite the rapid development of new technologies and the widespread popularity of the Internet. Outdoor advertising is one of the most heavily regulated types of advertising, with the current laws outlining several requirements and the necessity of obtaining a placement permit. However, the legislation governing the placement of outdoor advertising is not perfect. Some issues are controversial, and others are not addressed by the legislation at all. Since many matters concerning outdoor advertising placement are left to the discretion of local self-government bodies, there is a risk of creating additional barriers to market entry and negatively impacting competition in the market. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the problematic issues in the outdoor advertising market and find solutions. Based on the conducted research, the author proposes amendments to the current legislation to enhance competition in the placement of outdoor advertising.
The Principle of Guaranteeing Effective Means of Legal Protection: European and National Concept
Authors: Haran Olha
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the research is determined by the novelty of the topic, taking into account the Law of Ukraine "On Administrative Procedure". The purpose of the study is to characterize the category "guaranteeing effective legal remedies" in the national administrative legal doctrine, taking into account the European standards for the protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of the individual, and to determine the directions of research into the problems of challenging administrative acts in public administration. The research uses many methods, including general scientific and special legal ones: comparative legal, systemic structural, analysis, synthesis, and others, which makes it possible to systematically and consistently approach the solution of scientific problems, to investigate different positions of scientists, the provisions of legal acts and formulate appropriate conclusions. An analysis of the essence of the principle of guaranteeing effective legal remedies was carried out. Two components of the principle are distinguished: 1) the right of a person to appeal the decision, actions or inaction of an administrative body; 2) the duty of an administrative body to inform a person about the method, procedure and terms of filing a complaint against an administrative act that negatively affects his rights, freedom or legitimate interest. This opens the way for in-depth scientific understanding of this topic. In the process of analysis, a number of problematic moments related to the incorrect use of the provisions of this principle were revealed. It is emphasized that the implementation of the principle will affect: a) a change in the format of interaction between individuals and administrative bodies in the direction of raising the standards of such communication; b) reducing the burden on administrative courts, etc.On the basis of the conducted research, conclusions were formulated and recommendations were made, namely, that the principle of guaranteeing effective means of legal protection: 1) is based on EU standards, taking into account national specificities; 2) is an additional mechanism for the protection of persons; 3) is implemented mainly at the level of the institute of administrative appeal, which has certain advantages compared to judicial appeal. Therefore, in the context of the transformation of national legislation, there is a need to conduct additional research on the specifics of the implementation of this principle, taking into account the realities of today.
Administrative Procedure in the Field of Public Health
Authors: Zyma Oleksandr
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the proposed study is due to the parallel significant update of medical legislation and the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine "On Administrative Procedure". The purpose of the proposed research is to assess the quality of legal regulation of certain administrative proceedings in the field of public health, which has undergone significant changes in the last months of 2023. The results of the study, on the one hand, will help to identify shortcomings and legal conflicts that have formed, and on the other hand, to develop and suggest ways to overcome some of them. The research methodology consists of the following methods of scientific cognition: dialectical, theoretical-prognostic, comparative-legal, system-structural, formal-logical, analysis, legal modeling, and others. In the course of the work, the importance of proper legal regulation and effective public administration in the field of public health is emphasized. The place of administrative bodies in the system has been establishedsubjects of relations in the field of public health. A classification of measures used by specialized administrative bodies in their activities has been proposed. The significance of administrative proceedings and administrative acts used in the process of public administration of public health is disclosed and the most significant among them are highlighted: control and supervision, on the application of termination measures, registration. The essence of each of these proceedings has been investigated and the shortcomings of their regulation have been identified, due to the inconsistency of the norms of the Laws of Ukraine "On the Public Health System" and "On the Administrative Procedure". Significant shortcomings in the legal regulation of administrative proceedings  on the application of temporary measures to stop violations of the requirements of sanitary legislation are noted and possible problems in its application are indicated. Attention is also focused on the shortcomings of the terminology used in the Law "On the Public Health System". The results of the study can contribute to the improvement of legislation in the field of public health, as well as to improve the quality of formation law enforcement practice of administrative bodies that are subjects of the public health system.
Planning Acts in Administrative-Procedural Legislation and the Issue of (im)Possibility of Their Settlement
Authors: Karabin Tetyana
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the topic is due to two factors, on the one hand, the new stage of legal regulation of relations between private individuals and administrative bodies, which is connected with the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine "On Administrative Procedure", and on the other hand, the growing importance of planning acts and the need for their proper regulation. Both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used in the research. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the essence, characteristics, signs and requirements of planning acts, as well as proposals for their regulatory regulation. It is noted that it is important to distinguish planning acts based on what/whom the relevant act is aimed at. Part of the acts of planning and planning activities are aimed at internal organizational issues of the body itself or at the system of public administration. Another part of the acts of planning and planning activities is aimed at private individuals, creating legal consequences in the form of the emergence, change or termination of their rights and the creation of obligations. It is substantiated that the given classification has both theoretical and practical significance. The theoretical significance lies in the fact that the separation of planning acts from those aimed at determining the rights of private individuals from those that do not have an external direction will allow to fill the category of administrative law with content, such as "tools of public administration". Instead, the practical side of such a demarcation can contribute to the improvement of regulatory regulation. We are talking about the regulation of both the procedure for the adoption and implementation of acts, and the procedure for their appeal, because the question arises as to the possibility or impossibility of regulating such acts by administrative-procedural legislation, as well as the regulation of the procedural procedure for appealing such acts according to the provisions of the Code of Administrative Justice of Ukraine. On the basis of the conducted research, conclusions regarding administrative-procedural legislation were formulated and proposals were made, in particular, that the procedure for adopting a planning act should be closer to the adoption of an administrative act and be regulated by the Law "On Administrative Procedure". When adopting them, all principles of administrative procedure must be observed, although specifics must be determined by special legislation. Regarding the wording of plans, it is appropriate to call general planning decisions "plan", but when it comes to the second type, then use the term "act" - plan act, planning act.
Educational Activity Licensing Procedure: Administrative and Legal Nature
Authors: Bilous-Osin Tetiana
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the study of the licensing procedure of educational activity is determined primarily by the need to improve the legislation on higher education within the scope of the Law of Ukraine "On Administrative Procedures". Normative acts regulating the licensing of educational activities are classified depending on the subject of regulation and are distinguished: 1) those regulating the static characteristics of licensing of educational activities; 2) those regulating the dynamic characteristics of educational activity licensing. It is substantiated that the procedure for licensing educational activity is a public procedure related to the exercise of the right to educational activity. The features characteristic of the educational activity licensing procedure as a type of administrative procedure are singled out, namely: it is carried out in the manner determined by the legislation on higher education; concerns public-legal relations regarding the provision of rights, freedoms or legitimate interests of individuals in the field of educational activity; is decided with the participation of an administrative body - an executive body, or rather the Ministry of Education and Science; as a result of the administrative procedure, the license is accepted as an administrative act, etc. It was concluded that according to the classification criteria, the licensing procedure of educational activity is a type of: 1) special partial; 2) law enforcement; 3) non-jurisdictional; 4) external; 5) declaratory administrative procedure. It has been established that a license is a decision of an individual nature, which is taken by an executive body authorized to perform the functions of public administration to resolve a specific case for the acquisition, change, termination or realization of rights and/or obligations in the field of education.
Theology and religion-state relations: Theorising on the middle range
Authors:   HSE University, Zolotukhin Vsevolod V. ,   Centre “State and Religion in Asia”, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

The paper is devoted to the problem how a theologian would treat religion-state relations field of research. This field is to describe by middle-range theories in comparison to other levels: philosophy of religion (high-range theories) and social anthropology (low-range theories). The middle range deals with religion as actual social practice involved in a regional culture context. In world cultures, there is a lot of original views on religion and theology, it is difficult to generalize them in a correct way. It would be better to understand theology as optics. This optics is an insider view on religious community and its doctrines, including in-depth knowledge of its traditions, practices and worldview. A theologian analyzes correlation between religious reality and normative rules of a tradition as well as seeks to point out probable traits and changes of religion in the future. The optics of theology towards religion-state relations comprises several hermeneutical methods applied to reconstruct meaning of key religious concepts or to compare present-day opinions with heritage of tradition. This focus contributes to understanding of religion as social, historical and political reality. Nevertheless, the optics of theology does not exclude methods of religious studies or philosophy of religion when necessary.
The first ever edition of the Quran Latin translation published in 1543 — Milestone in the history of Christian-Muslim dialogue
Authors:   Moscow Islamic Institute, Mukhetdinov Damir V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2023

The article focuses on a Book that formed the basis of knowledge about Islam and the Quran in Europe in the early modern period. It was the first edition of the Latin translation of the Quran, published in Zurich in 1543. It was prepared by the Swiss theologian and orientalist T. Bibliander. T. Bibliander’s edition is notable for being one of the first in Europe for applying a humanistic methodology of philological analysis to the text of the Quran. Moreover, in his study T. Bibliander stepped out of both the paradigm of radical medieval anti-Islamic polemics and the mainstream of new reformist apologetics, and tried to present Islam and Muslims in a humanistic way, trying not to close the way of salvation in the Christian sense to them. T. Bibliander’s edition of the Quran, accompanied by extensive commentaries and a number of works on Islam and Muslims (including prefaces by the leaders of the Reform movement, M. Luther and F. Melanchthon), had a truly encyclopaedic character and marked a significant step towards the creation of a scientific Islamic studies in Europe, thus paving the way for further Christian-Muslim dialogue.
Marco regulatório para interligação da geração descentralizada no Brasil e avanços no licenciamento ambiental emitidos pelo estado do Ceará
Authors: Correia de Sousa Francisco Ricardo , Nascimento Fontenele Vitor , Silveira Serra Daniel , Carmo de Lima Lutero
Published: December 2023

A construção de usinas hidrelétricas no Brasil tem se tornado cada vez mais complicada nos últimos anos, principalmente devido às grandes distâncias entre os centros de geração e carga, bem como aos grandes impactos ambientais causados por tais empreendimento. Em 2012, a Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) estabeleceu a possibilidade de geração distribuída (GD) de energia por parte dos consumidores das concessionárias a partir de fontes renováveis, e desde então muitas adaptações e atualizações foram feitas no marco regulatório do Net-Metering no Brasil, no que diz respeito o processo de interligação, impostos e licenciamento ambiental onde o estado do Ceará editou uma legislação inovadora. Este estudo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão e avaliação abrangente do quadro regulatório sobre GD no Brasil, e suas consequências nas futuras políticas energéticas e implicações no potencial de mercado de GD neste país.
Newer Technologies in Molecular Biology
Authors: Kharb Simmi , Singh Akshat , Singh Abhyuday , Kharb Deepa
Published: December 2023

Technical advances began with the advent of array comparative genomic hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and are enabling researchers to identify disease-associated genetic variants by virtually scanning the entire genome. With the help of these technologies, it is now possible to screen for common genetic variants and even rare small deletions and duplications i.e., microdeletions and microduplications. This has led to a virtual explosion of gene identifications. This chapter aims to provide an overview of new technologies.
Biocompatibility of Nanomedicines and Relation with Protein Corona
Authors: Kolcuoglu Yakup , Tuncay Fulya Oz , Cakmak Ummuhan
Published: December 2023

When NPs are included in a Biological environment, they associate with a
large number of circulating proteins. As a result, they interact dynamically with each
other. This structure, which is defined as PC, affects the physical parameters of NPs
and causes positive or negative effects on them. PC composition is affected by many
properties of NPs, such as size, shape, and surface charge. Therefore, various surface
modifications on NPs directly affect PC formation and nature. Although many studies
have been carried out to understand the formation and composition of the resulting PC
structure, this area still maintains its popularity as a research topic. This review aims to
briefly give an idea about the effect of proteins in metabolism on NPs designed as
carrier molecules, the determination of these protein structures and the final fate of NPs
after PC formation. 
Role of Nanoparticular/Nanovesicular Systems as Biosensors
Authors: Çoban Özlem , Taşhan Emine
Published: December 2023

Biosensors are analytical apparatus utilized for the qualitative and
quantitative detection of various biological or non-biological analytes. Early diagnosis
of diseases (cancer, infectious disease), monitoring environmental pollution, and
ensuring food safety are very important in terms of individual and public health.
Therefore, it is also crucial to detect these markers sensitively and accurately, with
cheap and simple methods, especially despite limited resources. Nanoparticles, thanks
to their nano size, provide wide areas of biosensing and amplify signals. In most of the
works, it was observed that the limit of detection (LOD) value decreased and the
selectivity improved in biosensors prepared using nanosystems compared to
conventional sensors. In this respect, the results give us hope for the use of
nanosystems in biosensors. In this section, the subject of biosensors is briefly
mentioned and mainly studies on the use of nanoparticular/nanovesicular systems in the
field of biosensors are included.
An Overview of In Vivo Imaging Techniques
Authors: Ostovaneh Aysa , Yildirim Yeliz
Published: December 2023

Imaging is developing very quickly in various study bases. Nowadays, due
to the desire for the technology coming to imaging, it is widely used to detect
molecular and structural targets in in vivo studies. The aim of developing new non-invasive imaging methods is to provide affordable, high-resolution images with
minimal known side effects for studying the biological processes of living organisms.
For this purpose, X-ray-based computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI), ultrasound (UI), Nuclear imaging methods (positron emission
tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)), and
optical imaging, are techniques widely used in imaging. Each of these has unique
advantages and drawbacks. The background of imaging techniques and their
developments have been shown in this chapter and we discuss in detail the use of
optical imaging through bioluminescence, fluorescence, and Cerenkov luminescence
techniques in various diseases for preclinical applications, early clinical diagnosis,
treatment, and clinical studies. 
The Representation of Objecting to Violence Against Women: A Semiotic Analysis
Authors: Aydın Mustafa , Gülerarslan Özdengül Aşina
Published: December 2023

Representing the objection to violence against women in public service announcements is a significant effort to raise concern and social awareness about this important social problem. Public spots aim to inspire women by emphasizing strong and resilient characteristics of women who have been subjected to violence. The persuasive effect of public service announcements in the fight against violence towards women can lead to behavioral changes by activating the emotional reactions of the audience. Thanks to the impressive stories of public service announcements, viewers may be more willing to stand by and support women subjected to violence. Furthermore, public spots emphasize the importance of a collective effort by conveying the message that all parts of society must take responsibility to prevent violence against women. This study examines the public spots titled “Don’t Hide-Don’t Ignore” prepared by Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye Directorate of Communications, by means of semiotic analysis and discusses the representation of violence against women in public communication. Instead of imperious discourses referring to women’s passivity, and contrary to the general view, the spots revealing that women can be subjected to violence regardless of their socioeconomic status include realistic persuasive arguments by encouraging social awareness, empathy, and solidarity.
Gilbert Badia nın Sınırsız Feminist Clara Zetkin Adlı Eserinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Köse Kizir Elanur
Published: December 2023

Clara Zetkin'in hayatına odaklanan bu eser, politik ve sosyal aktivizm, feminizm ve kadın hakları, kişisel kararlılık ve mücadele, uluslararası politik rol gibi temel temaları belirleyerek okuyucuya zengin ve geniş bir perspektif sunmayı amaçlar. Clara Zetkin’in hayatına dair detayları açıklamak ve derinlemesine bir anlayış kazandırmak için etkili ve açık bir dil kullanımı benimseyerek geniş bir okuyucu kitlesine hitap etmeyi hedefler. Clara Zetkin'in politik, sosyal ve feminist mücadelesini vurgulayan temalar aracılığıyla okuyucuya güçlü bir mesaj iletilir. Clara Zetkin'in kişisel kararlılığı ve politik liderliği kitap boyunca vurgulanarak, bireyin kararlılığının toplumsal değişimde nasıl etkili olabileceği konusunda bir ilham kaynağı sunar. Eseri diğer biyografilerden ayıran belirgin bir özellik, yazarın önsözde vurguladığı Clara Zetkin'in 1918 sonrası yaşamına odaklanan kritik döneme dair eksik veya yanlış bilinenleri ortaya çıkarmaya yönelik özenli çabasıdır. Bu çaba, araştırmaya açılan arşivlerin sunduğu imkanlarla bu döneme dair daha fazla ışık tutma gayretiyle desteklenmektedir. Bu nedenle eser, Clara Zetkin’in yaşamını anlamak isteyen okuyuculara, feminist hareketin evrimini ve Zetkin'in politik mirasını daha geniş bir bağlamda kavrama fırsatı sunmaktadır.
Developing a Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict the Probability of Medical Staff Work Mode Using Human-Smartphone Interaction Patterns: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Chen Hung-Hsun , Lu Henry Horng-Shing , Weng Wei-Hung , Lin Yu-Hsuan
Published: December 2023

Background

Traditional methods for investigating work hours rely on an employee’s physical presence at the worksite. However, accurately identifying break times at the worksite and distinguishing remote work outside the worksite poses challenges in work hour estimations. Machine learning has the potential to differentiate between human-smartphone interactions at work and off work.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to develop a novel approach called “probability in work mode,” which leverages human-smartphone interaction patterns and corresponding GPS location data to estimate work hours.

Methods

To capture human-smartphone interactions and GPS locations, we used the “Staff Hours” app, developed by our team, to passively and continuously record participants’ screen events, including timestamps of notifications, screen on or off occurrences, and app usage patterns. Extreme gradient boosted trees were used to transform these interaction patterns into a probability, while 1-dimensional convolutional neural networks generated successive probabilities based on previous sequence probabilities. The resulting probability in work mode allowed us to discern periods of office work, off-work, breaks at the worksite, and remote work.

Results

Our study included 121 participants, contributing to a total of 5503 person-days (person-days represent the cumulative number of days across all participants on which data were collected and analyzed). The developed machine learning model exhibited an average prediction performance, measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, of 0.915 (SD 0.064). Work hours estimated using the probability in work mode (higher than 0.5) were significantly longer (mean 11.2, SD 2.8 hours per day) than the GPS-defined counterparts (mean 10.2, SD 2.3 hours per day; P<.001). This discrepancy was attributed to the higher remote work time of 111.6 (SD 106.4) minutes compared to the break time of 54.7 (SD 74.5) minutes.

Conclusions

Our novel approach, the probability in work mode, harnessed human-smartphone interaction patterns and machine learning models to enhance the precision and accuracy of work hour investigation. By integrating human-smartphone interactions and GPS data, our method provides valuable insights into work patterns, including remote work and breaks, offering potential applications in optimizing work productivity and well-being.
Implementation Considerations for Family-Based Telehealth Interventions for Youth in Foster Care: Focus Group Study With Child Welfare System Professionals (Preprint)
Authors: Leo Hannah P , Folk Johanna B , Rodriguez Christopher , Tolou-Shams Marina
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Between 2016 and 2020, over 600,000 youth were served annually by the foster care system. Despite approximately half of foster youth struggling with emotional or behavioral challenges, few receive much-needed services to address their mental health concerns. Family-based interventions are efficacious in addressing both youth and caregiver mental health needs; however, foster youth participation in these family-based interventions is limited by many barriers, including out-of-home placement far from their family of origin. Telehealth is a promising tool for mitigating barriers to access to treatment interventions for foster youth and their families.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to understand child welfare system professionals’ perspectives on enabling factors and barriers to providing family-based interventions via telehealth to youth in out-of-county foster care placement.

METHODS

This qualitative study derived themes from 3 semistructured focus groups with child welfare system professionals. Participants were asked to discuss how family-based interventions are delivered to foster youth and their caregivers in their jurisdictions, as well as to share their thoughts about how to use telehealth to improve access to family-based interventions for families with youth in out-of-home placement. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis and inductive thematic analysis, with the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations as the theoretical framework.

RESULTS

Participants were 19 child welfare system professionals (eg, social workers, residential treatment staff, and supervisors) who participated in 1 of the 3 focus groups (6-7/group). Most participants were women (n=13, 68%), White individuals (n=10, 53%), and social workers (n=8, 42%). On average, participants worked in the child welfare system for 16.6 (SD 8.3) years. Participants identified multilevel factors impacting family-based intervention delivery including environmental factors (eg, Medicare billing and presumptive transfer), predisposing characteristics (eg, psychological resources), enabling factors (eg, transportation and team-based youth-centered care), and need factors (eg, motivation to engage). Participants expressed optimism that telehealth could increase access to needed mental health care, diverse providers, and longevity of care while also expressing some concerns regarding telehealth access and literacy.

CONCLUSIONS

Child welfare system professionals highlight the need to develop policies and telehealth interventions that are youth versus placement centered, include resources that limit barriers and bolster motivation for engagement, and follow a team-based care model. Findings from this study inform how telehealth can be used to increase access to and engagement with family-based interventions for youth in out-of-home placements and their caregivers of origin.
Trends and Projection of the Incidence of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Southwestern China: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Jinou , Qiu Yubing , Wu Wei , Yang Rui , Li Ling , Yang Yunbin , Yang Xing , Xu Lin
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The control of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is critical for achieving the vision of World Health Organization’s End TB goal.

OBJECTIVE

This study analyzes the temporal trends in PTB incidence associated with age, period, and birth cohorts from 2006 to 2020 in Yunnan, China; projects the PTB burden till 2030; and explores the drivers of PTB incidence.

METHODS

The aggregated PTB incidence rates between 2005 and 2020 were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. We used the age-period-cohort model to evaluate the age, period, and cohort effects on PTB incidence. We applied the Bayesian age-period-cohort model to project future PTB incidence from 2021 to 2030. We applied the decomposition algorithm to attribute the incidence trends to population aging, population growth, and age-specific changes from 2006 to 2030.

RESULTS

From 2006 to 2020, the PTB incidence in Yunnan was relatively stable, although the absolute number showed an increase. The net drift was –1.56% (95% CI –2.41% to –0.70%). An M-shaped bimodal local drift and a longitudinal age curve were observed. The overall local drift was below zero for most age groups except for the age groups of 15-19 years (2.37%, 95% CI –0.28% to 5.09%) and 50-54 years (0.41%, 95% CI –1.78% to 2.64%). The highest risk of PTB incidence was observed in the age group of 65-69 years, and another peak was observed in the age group of 20-24 years. Downward trends were observed for both period and cohort effects, but the cohort effect trends were uneven. A higher risk was observed for the birth cohorts of 1961-1970 (rate ratio [RR]1961-1965=1.10, 95% CI 0.88-1.38; RR1966-1970=1.11, 95% CI 0.92-1.37) and 2001-2010 (RR2001-2005=0.92, 95% CI 0.63-1.34; RR2006-2010=0.84, 95% CI 0.45-1.58) than for the adjacent cohorts. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model projected that PTB incidence will continually increase from 2021 to 2030 and that PTB incidence in 2030 will be 2.28 times higher than that in 2006. The age-specific change was the leading cause for the growing PTB disease burden.

CONCLUSIONS

Although there are several levels and measures for PTB control, the disease burden is likely to increase in the future. To bridge the gap of TB-free vision, our study suggests that public health policies be put in place soon, including large-scale active case-finding, priority prevention policies for high-risk older adult and young adult populations, and reduction of possible grandparent-grandchildren transmission patterns.
Social Media, Public Health Research, and Vulnerability: Considerations to Advance Ethical Guidelines and Strengthen Future Research (Preprint)
Authors: Massey Philip M , Murray Regan M , Chiang Shawn C , Russell Alex M , Yudell Michael A
Published: December 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

The purpose of this article is to build upon prior work in social media research and ethics by highlighting an important and as yet underdeveloped research consideration: how should we consider vulnerability when conducting public health research in the social media environment? The use of social media in public health, both platforms and their data, has advanced the field dramatically over the past 2 decades. Applied public health research in the social media space has led to more robust surveillance tools and analytic strategies, more targeted recruitment activities, and more tailored health education. Ethical guidelines when using social media for public health research must also expand alongside these increasing capabilities and uses. Privacy, consent, and confidentiality have been hallmarks for ethical frameworks both in public health and social media research. To date, public health ethics scholarship has focused largely on practical guidelines and considerations for writing and reviewing social media research protocols. Such ethical guidelines have included collecting public data, reporting anonymized or aggregate results, and obtaining informed consent virtually. Our pursuit of the question related to vulnerability and public health research in the social media environment extends this foundational work in ethical guidelines and seeks to advance research in this field and to provide a solid ethical footing on which future research can thrive.
Acceptability of Telelactation Services for Breastfeeding Support Among Black Parents: Semistructured Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Howell Khadesia , Alvarado Gabriela , Waymouth Molly , Demirci Jill , Rogers Rhianna , Ray Kristin , Uscher-Pines Lori
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

While breastfeeding rates have increased in the United States in recent years, racial and ethnic disparities persist. Telelactation may help reduce disparities by increasing access to lactation consultants, but there is limited research on acceptability among minoritized individuals.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to explore experiences with telelactation among Black parents and identify strategies to make services more culturally appropriate.

METHODS

We selected 20 Black parents who were given access to telelactation services from an ongoing National Institutes of Health–funded randomized controlled trial (the Tele-MILC trial) to participate in semistructured interviews. Interviews addressed birth experiences, use and opinions about telelactation, comparison of telelactation to in-person lactation support, and recommendations to improve telelactation services. The thematic analysis was informed by a previously reported theoretical framework of acceptability and RAND Corporation’s equity-centered model.

RESULTS

Users appreciated the convenience of telelactation and reported that lactation consultants were knowledgeable and helpful. Participants wanted more options to engage with lactation consultants outside of video visits (eg, SMS text messaging and asynchronous resources). Users who had a lactation consultant of color mentioned that racial concordance improved the experience; however, few felt that racial concordance was needed for high-quality telelactation support.

CONCLUSIONS

While Black parents in our sample found telelactation services to be acceptable, telelactation could not, in isolation, address the myriad barriers to long-duration breastfeeding. Several changes could be made to telelactation services to increase their use by minoritized populations.