bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of environmental indicators in the characterization and definition of wetlands in the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Pinto Álvaro José de Almeida , Furtado Leonardo Seabra , Lima Aline Maria Meiguins de
Published: September 2021

Wetlands play a vital role in water quality, in addition to providing coastal stabilization and erosion control, aquifer recharge, they serve as important biological habitats, as nurseries for wildlife. The present study aimed to elaborate, based on environmental indicators, the characterization and classification of an estuarine fluvial plain in a humid area, considering a gradient of water bodies. The areas defined for the present study are located in the municipalities of Abaetetuba and Barcarena in Pará, which have an important and significant role, for the region and for the Amazon as a whole. The indicators used for characterization and classification, were altimetry, rainfall, hydrography and land use and coverage, and such information was processed in a GIS environment. Additionally, the Topographic Index of Wet Areas (ITU) was used, and the method of map reclassification was proposed in order to evaluate (altimetry, vegetation cover and precipitation) generating product through map algebra, defining areas with Potential Formation of Wet Areas ( PFAU). In general the region of the present study predominates low altimetric values ​​less than or equal to 15 meters, the rainfall for the annual accumulated, varied between 3594 mm to 4844 mm, land use and cover, presented configuration where the vegetation represents 56% . Approximately 46.54% of the area has a strong potential for the formation of wetlands, being directly linked to the topographic processes and the main drainages. It is possible to demonstrate that the adoption of vegetation cover, altimetry and rainfall categories, with their respective parameters, proved to be effective for zoning AU's in the region. It is proposed that, based on this work, methodological procedures can be applied, in an expanded way in the region or in other Amazonian areas in order to confirm or indicate the classification as an AU, for different uses.
“Den herligste Tidsfordriv”
Authors: Baunvig Katrine Frøkjær
Published: September 2021

I denne artikel viser jeg mhp. en analyse af H.V. Kaalunds og J.Th. Lundbyes Fabler for Børn (1845), hvorledes dyr i 1800-tallet blev garanter for børns særstatus som naturlige og uskyldige. Jeg viser, hvorledes ‘barnlige’ evner som fantasi blev forudsætningen for tre typer af ‘genfortryllelse’ af de fremvoksende sociale domæner kernefamilien og nationalstaten samt den religiøse sfære. Jeg argumenterer for, at man bør opfatte disse genfortryllelser som systematiske bekræftelser af Philippe Descolas firefoldige ontologitypologi beskrevet i Beyond Nature and Culture (2013).
THE CONTRIBUTION OF MIGRATION TO ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ZAGREB
Authors: Miličević Vinko , Knežević Danijel , Bubaš Zoran
Published: September 2021

The problems in this paper belong to the field of migration and economy. The connection between migration and the economy has been proven on a global level, and as far as the Republic of Croatia is concerned, it is especially important to observe it through the City of Zagreb, which is the most important migration and economic center in the Republic of Croatia. Also, the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union emphasized the observation and research of this connection because it created the preconditions for freer movement and employment of the population of the Republic of Croatia and the City of Zagreb within the European Union. The aim of this paper is to determine the contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The hypothesis presented in the paper is that there is a significant contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The disposition of the paper consists of six parts. The introduction explains the relevance of the topic, states the aim of the paper and hypotheses, explains the empirical part, the contribution of the paper and the disposition. The second part of the paper refers to the theoretical framework of the impact of migration on economic growth. The third part of the paper presents the migration processes of the City of Zagreb in the period from 2011 to 2018. The fourth part deals with economic activity in the City of Zagreb in the period from 2011 to 2017. The observed indicators of economic activity in the City of Zagreb are GDP and GDP per capita, and the graph in this part of the paper shows that GDP and GDP per capita in the observed period are higher at the end of the period than at the beginning. The fifth part of the paper refers to the empirical research of the contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The empirical part of the paper is based on correlations and regression analyses. This paper proves the hypothesis because the results indicate a significant impact of the variables of total and external migration on the GDP of the City of Zagreb and GDP per capita of the City of Zagreb. Decision-makers in the City of Zagreb can use the results of the research as a basis for maximizing the economic benefits they can get from migration. The conclusion provides an overview of the aim of the work, the results of the research, the limitations, the implications and the recommendations for future research.
Micromagnetic studies of influence of interface atomic diffusion on magnetic properties of SmCo/Fe exchange-spring bilayers
Authors: He Xin-Xin , Zhao Qian ,   College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
Published: September 2021

In this paper, based on three-dimensional micromagnetic numerical simulation, the influences of the interface layer formed by the atomic diffusion at the interface on magnetic properties in parallel SmCo/Fe bilayer and perpendicular SmCo/Fe bilayer are investigated. For the parallel system, whose nucleation occurs in the second quadrant, as the interface layer thickness increases, the nucleation field and the pinning field increase gradually though the remanence decreases gradually, hence the maximum energy product first goes up and then comes down. As a result, in the system there occurs the transition from the exchange-spring to the rigid magnet. For the perpendicular system, with the increase of the interface layer thickness, a gradual transition from the first quadrant to the second quadrant happens to its nucleation. Although the pinning field experiences the changes from decreasing to unchanging and to increasing, the nucleation field and remanence both rise gradually. Therefore, the energy product is enhanced gradually. During the demagnetization, there appears a spin deviation within the film plane: the parallel system shows a progress of generation and disappearance of the flower and C states; however, the perpendicular system shows a progress of generation and disappearance of the vortex state. With the increase of the ratio of the SmCo atomic diffusion in the interface layer of parallel SmCo/Fe bilayers, the nucleation and pinning field go up, but the remanence decreases, and hence the maximum energy product first rises and then drops. For the two easy axis orientations and any interface layer thickness, the nucleation field rises with the increase of interface exchange energy constant, indicating that the existence of an interface layer between the soft layer and hard layer enhances the exchange coupling interaction between them. The model in this paper well simulates the relevant experimental results [ 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 072509].
Deepfake video detection: YOLO-Face convolution recurrent approach
Authors: Ismail Aya , Elpeltagy Marwa , Zaki Mervat , ElDahshan Kamal A.
Published: September 2021

Recently, the deepfake techniques for swapping faces have been spreading, allowing easy creation of hyper-realistic fake videos. Detecting the authenticity of a video has become increasingly critical because of the potential negative impact on the world. Here, a new project is introduced; You Only Look Once Convolution Recurrent Neural Networks (YOLO-CRNNs), to detect deepfake videos. The YOLO-Face detector detects face regions from each frame in the video, whereas a fine-tuned EfficientNet-B5 is used to extract the spatial features of these faces. These features are fed as a batch of input sequences into a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), to extract the temporal features. The new scheme is then evaluated on a new large-scale dataset; CelebDF-FaceForencics++ (c23), based on a combination of two popular datasets; FaceForencies++ (c23) and Celeb-DF. It achieves an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) 89.35% score, 89.38% accuracy, 83.15% recall, 85.55% precision, and 84.33% F1-measure for pasting data approach. The experimental analysis approves the superiority of the proposed method compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Impact of urbanization on functional diversity in macromycete communities along an urban ecosystem in Southwest Mexico
Authors: Gómez-Hernández Marko , Avendaño-Villegas Emily , Toledo-Garibaldi María , Gándara Etelvina
Published: September 2021

Macromycetes are a group of fungi characterized by the production of fruit bodies and are highly relevant in most terrestrial ecosystems as pathogens, mutualists, and organic matter decomposers. Habitat transformation can drastically alter macromycete communities and diminish the contribution of these organisms to ecosystem functioning; however, knowledge on the effect of urbanization on macrofungal communities is scarce. Diversity metrics based on functional traits of macromycete species have shown to be valuable tools to predict how species contribute to ecosystem functionality since traits determine the performance of species in ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess patterns of species richness, functional diversity, and composition of macrofungi in an urban ecosystem in Southwest Mexico, and to identify microclimatic, environmental, and urban factors related to these patterns in order to infer the effect of urbanization on macromycete communities. We selected four oak forests along an urbanization gradient and established a permanent sampling area of 0.1 ha at each site. Macromycete sampling was carried out every week from June to October 2017. The indices used to measure functional diversity were functional richness (FRic), functional divergence (FDig), and functional evenness (FEve). The metric used to assess variation of macrofungal ecological function along the study area was the functional value. We recorded a total of 134 macromycete species and 223 individuals. Our results indicated a decline of species richness with increased urbanization level related mainly to microclimatic variables, and a high turnover of species composition among study sites, which appears to be related to microclimatic and urbanization variables. FRic decreased with urbanization level, indicating that some of the available resources in the niche space within the most urbanized sites are not being utilized. FDig increased with urbanization, which suggests a high degree of niche differentiation among macromycete species within communities in urbanized areas. FEve did not show notable differences along the urbanization gradient, indicating few variations in the distribution of abundances within the occupied sections of the niche space. Similarly, the functional value was markedly higher in the less urbanized site, suggesting greater performance of functional guilds in that area. Our findings suggest that urbanization has led to a loss of macromycete species and a decrease in functional diversity, causing some sections of the niche space to be hardly occupied and available resources to be under-utilized, which could, to a certain extent, affect ecosystem functioning and stability.
Transformaciones y rasgos discursivos del spot electoral en los comicios generales del 26J en España
Authors:   Universitat de València, Villar-Hernández Paz , Pellisser Rossell Nel·lo ,   Universitat de València
Published: September 2021

El spot electoral ha encontrado en las redes sociales un marco permanentemente abierto de difusión, que va más allá del espacio y del tiempo electoral regulado. En este artículo se presenta un análisis de los anuncios difundidos por los partidos con mayor representación parlamentaria (PP, PSOE, Unidos Podemos y Ciudadanos) en el Congreso de los Diputados en el período previo a las elecciones que dieron lugar a la XII Legislatura en España. Mediante el análisis descriptivo y el análisis de contenido, se examinaron los spots difundidos en YouTube para las elecciones generales del 26 de junio de 2016 por las formaciones políticas aludidas. Entre los resultados más destacados se observa un aumento en el número de anuncios políticos en los comicios de 2015 y 2016, una clara desintermediación –al dejar de lado la legislación sobre publicidad electoral vigente para otros medios– y la preponderancia de anuncios de temas programáticos sobre los de otro tipo, así como de apelaciones emotivas sobre otras
Retos metodológicos en el estudio del sistema de medios informativos en el Perú
Authors:   Universidad de Arizona, Retis Jessica , Kanashiro Lilian ,   Universidad de Lima, Domenack Wendy ,   Universidad de Lima
Published: September 2021

Un sistema de medios informativos sólido es crucial para enfrentar diversos tipos de crisis. No obstante, caracterizar dichos sistemas en países latinoamericanos plantea dilemas propios de una institucionalización estructuralmente débil, de procesos de modernización acelerados o en curso. Nuestro objetivo es reconocer los desafíos metodológicos en la constitución de una base de datos de medios informativos que permitan análisis consistentes y comparativos sobre las condiciones del ejercicio periodístico en el mundo. Para ello, nos basamos en el caso peruano, que no cuenta con bases de datos, de medios ni de periodistas de alcance nacional y en el que la institucionalización de los medios es precaria. Hemos utilizado como estrategia metodológica la triangulación de fuentes. Entre las principales dificultades está la informalidad dentro de los medios formales, una huella digital precaria y la insuficiencia de categorizaciones basadas en un sistema analógico en una sociedad en proceso de transmedialización.
Productor ejecutivo-creativo de series de ficción em la industria televisiva española
Authors:   Universidad de Granada, Higueras-Ruiz María José , Gómez-Pérez Francisco Javier ,   Universidad de Granada, Alberich-Pascual Jordi ,   Universidad de Granada
Published: September 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el protagonismo que adquiere el productor ejecutivo en el proceso de producción de series de ficción y su implicación en las facetas creativas. Con esta finalidad, se realiza una revisión del concepto de productor ejecutivo-creativo, así como de sus funciones y responsabilidades en cada fase del proceso. El trabajo se complementa con testimonios extraídos de once entrevistas a dieciséis destacados productores ejecutivos de la industria televisiva española realizadas durante el último trimestre del año 2017. A pesar de la variedad de modelos de actuación obtenidos, los resultados evidencian la relevancia activa y creciente de este profesional en los aspectos creativos de la producción televisiva española, así como la proyección internacional de sus trabajos, especialmente gracias a la implantación de las plataformas de streaming en este país.
El campo del periodismo de educación en Chile: visiones y prácticas de periodistas y editores/as
Authors:   Universidad de Cambridge, Ansaldo Sebastián
Published: September 2021

En los últimos años, el periodismo de educación ha emergido como un nuevo tipo de periodismo especializado en Chile. Utilizando la teoría de campos de Bourdieu, junto con elementos de los estudios de mediatización, el artículo busca caracterizar al Periodismo de Educación en Chile explorando sus particularidades, dinámicas internas y relaciones con campos circundantes. Mediante entrevistas a 24 periodistas y editores que cubren temas educativos, realizadas en 2018, se exploran prácticas y visiones de los periodistas, para describir motivaciones, rutinas y percepciones sobre su trabajo e influencia desde y en otros campos. Se concluye que existen diferencias en el nivel de autonomía del campo en función del tipo de contenido, que los periodistas que cubren temas educativo-pedagógicos tienen niveles más altos de capital simbólico, y que los campos del periodismo y educativo tienen cruces e influencias entre ellos.
Sources of differential item functioning between Korean and Japanese examinees on a second language vocabulary test
Authors: Stoeckel Tim , Bennett Phil
Published: September 2021

The use of item response theory in equating or creating computeradaptive tests relies on the assumption of invariance of item parameters across populations. This assumption can be assessed with an analysis of differential item functioning (DIF). The purpose of this study was (a) to ascertain whether DIF between two native language groups was present on a 90-item multiple-choice English vocabulary test and (b) to explore the causes of DIF, should it exist. Participants were 184 Korean and 146 Japanese undergraduate students learning English as a foreign language in their home countries. A separate calibration t-test approach was used to identify DIF, with the criteria set at p B 0.01 and effect size 1 logit, calculated as the difference in Rasch item-difficulty between the two groups. Twenty-one items displayed DIF. The causes of DIF in nine of those items were tentatively identified as relating to their status as loanwords in the L1. When a tested word was a loanword in both Korean and Japanese, differences in both the frequency and range of use of the loanword in the two languages predicted the direction of DIF. Similarly, phonological/orthographic overlap between two separate English loanwords in the L1 was found to be a possible cause of DIF. Implications for test development and further research in this area are discussed.
Comparing regression versus correction formula predictions of passive recall test scores from yes-no test results
Authors: Stubbe Raymond
Published: September 2021

A novel form of scoring formula for self-report yesno vocabulary tests was presented in Stubbe and Stewart, based on multiple regression models that use both real-word and pseudoword reports to predict subsequent scores on a test of passive recall knowledge (as measured by L2 to L1 translations). The aim of the present study is to determine how well passive recall test scores can be predicted from yes-no test results adjusted using two methods: (1) regression formulas versus (2) the four established correction for guessing formulas outlined in Huibregtse, Admiraal, and Meara: h-f, cfg, Dm and lsdt. After taking a yes-no test followed by a passive recall test of the same 96 real-words, the sample of Japanese university students (N 431) was split into two groups of comparable proficiency (A and B). The original Stubbe and Stewart regression formula was compared to the four correction formulas by analyzing their application with the Group A. Despite having a lower correlation with passive recall test scores than one of the correction formulas, the predicted scores produced were significantly closer. A new regression formula was then created using the Group A’s test results and this was used to predict translation test scores on Group B, along with the four correction formulas. As the resulting predictions were superior to those of any of the correction formulas, and not significantly different from the actual passive recall test scores, plus the correlation with these translation test scores was the highest (0.845), it was concluded that regression formulas produced the best predictions.
A methodology for identification of the formulaic language most representative of high-frequency collocations
Authors: Brizzard Chris , Florescu Cosmin , Daulton Frank , Reid Gordon , MacLean Ian , O'Donoghue John , Mimura Kayo , Okamoto Masaya , Shimada Yoshiaki
Published: September 2021

Researchers have stated that learning formulaic language is key to achieving fluency. It has also been stated that studying vocabulary inthis way is more efficient than isolated vocabulary learning. However, there is a lack of research in regards to which formulaic language should be taught. There is a further lack of research about how such formulaic language can be identified. This study aimed to evaluate a methodologyfor identifying the most common formulaic language. It compared multiword unit identification results from both 500 and 1,000 examplesentences and quantified how often native speakers opt to extend multiword units beyond their core pivot and collocate. This study alsoidentified and quantified colligational issues affecting multi-word unit identification. The results showed no difference in multi-word unitidentification between 500 and 1,000 example sentences, that nativespeakers opted to extend multi-word units more than half of the time, andthat colligational issues only affected approximately 3% of the itemsexamined. This study concluded that 500 example sentences are just asreliable as 1,000 when identifying multi-word units. It also found thatextending multi-word units beyond their core pivot and collocate is anessential step researchers should take. This study also found that acolligational treatment is necessary if the aim is to achieve the most accurate data, however, the percentage of items that were affected weresmall and the methodology time-consuming. This finding indicates thatthere is a need for improved software to better automate the steps taken.
An investigation of different text levels on L2 learners' vocabulary learning rates in an extensive reading program
Authors: Chang Anna C-S.
Published: September 2021

This study investigated whether different text levels would affect L2 learners’ vocabulary learning rates and further examined the correlation between the frequency of word occurrence and learning rates in two different task conditions. A group of 31 year-11 senior high-school students read five level 1 graded readers, a total of 28,796 words, and then moved on to read five level 3 graded readers, 54,676 words, during a 13-week period. One hundred and twenty-five target words were selected from the 10 graded readers, 51 words from level 1, and 74 from level 2 texts. A vocabulary test containing two test methods was administered to students: a 125-item form-meaning matching test and a 42 item contextualized translation test. Twenty-one low-frequency words from each level text were selected to examine the frequency of word occurrence and learning rates. The meaning matching test results demonstrated that the learning rate at level 1 was significantly higher than those of level 3 in the post-test. The attrition rate of level 1 texts was also higher, which led to no significant difference in learning rates in the delayed post-test. A similar learning pattern can be said for the contextualized translation tests. Positive but statistically insignificant correlations between the frequencies of occurrence of 21 target words were found in the post-tests but were stronger in the delayed post-test in both meaning matching and translation tests. Overall, the learning rates for both level 1 and level 3 texts were very high. Four reasons for the higher learning rates were explained. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Second language vocabulary assessment studies: Validity evidence and future directions
Authors: Koizumi Rie
Published: September 2021

In this study, I review four papers by Stoeckel and Bennett, Shin, McDonald and Asaba, and McLean, Kramer, and Stewart. I will then summarize the validation evidence reported in each paper, in order to argue for the validity of the interpretations of the test scores as well as the uses of the tests considered in these four studies. This will help clarify areas of future research and strengthen the need for ties between specialists in the field of second language vocabulary assessment and general language assessment.
Are learners aware of effective ways to learn second language vocabulary from retrieval? Perceived effects of relative spacing, absolute spacing, and feedback timing on vocabulary learning
Authors: Nakata Tatsuya
Published: September 2021

Although the effects of retrieval-based learning may be affected by factors such as relative spacing, absolute spacing, and feedback timing, few studies have examined learners’ perceived effects of these factors on second language (L2) vocabulary learning. With this limitation in mind, the present study examined learners’ perceived effects of the above three factors on L2 vocabulary learning. A questionnaire was administered to 226 Japanese college students. The results showed that the participants (1) considered relative spacing not to affect learning, (2) perceived spaced learning to be more effective than massed learning, and (3) considered immediate and delayed feedback to be equally effective, all of which are supported by earlier empirical research. The results suggest that L2 learners are able to make accurate judgments about the effectiveness of retrieval-based vocabulary learning techniques.
Low-confidence responses on the vocabulary size test
Authors: Hutchinson T.P
Published: September 2021

McDonald and Asaba (Vocabulary Learning and Instruction, 2015) reported an administration of the Vocabulary Size Test that was modified to include ”I don’t know” as a fifth response option on all items, and in which participants later responded to the items originally marked as ”I don’t know”. McDonald and Asaba were inclined to favour the score calculated without the later (reluctant or low-confidence) responses. It is argued here that this goes beyond the data. In many educational contexts,strong encouragement is given to respond when unsure, as examinees to have a better-than-chance probability of being correct, and will be disadvantaged if they do not respond.
Impact of COVID-19 Variants on the Second Wave in India and Subsequent Discretion of Possibilities of the Third Wave
Authors: Ramaswamy Sudarshan , Dhuria Meera , M. Joshi Sumedha , Velankar Deepa H
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Epidemiological comprehension of the COVID-19 situation in India can be of great help in early prediction of any such indications in other countries and possibilities of the third wave in India as well. It is essential to understand the impact of variant strains in the perspective of the rise in daily cases during the second wave – Whether the rise in cases witnessed is due to the reinfections or the surge is dominated by emergence of mutants/variants and reasons for the same. Overall objective of this study is to predict early epidemiological indicators which can potentially lead to COVID-19 third wave in India.

Methodology: We analyzed both the first and second waves of COVID-19 in India and using the data of India’s SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing, we segregated the impact of the Older Variant (OV) and the other major variants (VOI / VOC).  Applying Kermack–McKendrick SIR model to the segregated data progression of the epidemic in India was plotted in the form of proportion of people infected. An equation to explain herd immunity thresholds was generated and further analyzed to predict the possibilities of the third wave.

Results: Considerable difference in ate of progression of the first and second wave was seen. The study also ascertains that the rate of infection spread is higher in Delta variant and is expected to have a higher threshold (>2 times) for herd immunity as compared to the OV.

Conclusion: Likelihood of the occurrence of the third wave seems unlikely based on the current analysis of the situation, however the possibilities cannot be ruled out. Understanding the epidemiological details of the first and second wave helped in understanding the focal points responsible for the surge in cases during the second wave and has given further insight into the future.
Effect of Boron on Nutritional Quality of Groundnut Grown in Coastal Sandy Soils
Authors: Haneena K. M. , Subbaiah P. Venkata , Rao Ch. Sujani , Srinivasulu K.
Published: September 2021

Aim: To study the effect of boron on quality parameters and micronutrient uptake of groundnut in coastal sandy soils.

Study Design: The experiment laid out in randomized block design with three replications.

Place of Study: At College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur.

Methodology: After the preliminary layout, the TAG-24 variety of groundnut was used as a test crop, with a spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm in the experimental site. Plant samples were collected at 45, 90 DAS, and harvest. Plant samples were shade dried and kept in hot air oven at 75°C until a constant weight was obtained. Samples were powdered and then analysed for micronutrients using standard chemical procedures.

Results: Protein content, boron content and uptake of micronutrients viz., iron, zinc, manganese, copper and boron were significantly improved with the application of boron in groundnut. Oil content and oil yield were not significantly influenced by the application of boron. The highest value of all these parameters were recorded in T4 (RDF + soil application of Borax @ 12.5 kg/ha).

Conclusion: Application of boron along with RDF improved the nutritional quality of groundnut in coastal sandy soils.
Effect of Gypsum on Rice Growth in Three Salt- affected Agricultural Soils in the Ho-Keta Plain
Authors: Sackey L. , Osei E. , Bennoah E. O. , Tettey A.
Published: September 2021

Aims: To assess the growth attribute of NERRICA- L19 rice in three salt-affected Agricultural soils amended with Gypsum from the Ho- Keta plain in the Volta region, Ghana.

Study Design: Complete Randomized Design.

Place and Duration of Study: Soil Research Institute, Kwadaso, Kumasi between June 2016 and July 2019.

Methodology: Approximately 2.6 kg of the soil samples were taken from three different sites, namely, Anyako, Anyenui and Atiehife and were mixed thoroughly with different rates 0%, 75% and 100% of Gypsum, (CaSO4.2H2O) and filled into thirty six perforated polyvinyl plastic pots. The pots were saturated with water and incubated for 24 h. Twenty-one-day old seedlings of NERRICA- L 19 rice were transplanted into the pots, arranged in a randomized complete design and leached for four weeks. Core sample of the soils from each pot were taken and analyzed at the end of the experiment. Data on growth attributes (plant height, number of leaves and number of tillers) and leave tissue compositions (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P and N) were measured.

Results: The study revealed that Gypsum rates at (75 and 100%) increased the growth attributes and tissue concentrations of NERRICA- L 19 rice compared to the control. Growth parameters, such as plant height, number of leaves and tiller for Anyako, Anyenui and Atiehife soils, increased as Gypsum levels increased with significant differences in the height of the plants and the number of plant leaves recorded (P = 0.05).  However there was no significant difference in tillers growth recorded for Atiehife soil, compared to Anyako and Anyenui soils (P = 0.05). The chemical constituents of the leave tissue, showed high composition of calcium and potassium than magnesium, while the composition of sodium decreased. The concentration of calcium, magnesium and potassium increased significantly at (P = 0.05) in Anyako and Atiehife soils with no-significant level in Anyenui soil. The trend was the same for the concentration of sodium.

The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus increased as the level of treatment increased. In respect to P accumulation, the differences were not significant in Atiehife soils, but was significant in Anyako and Anyenui soils.

Conclusion: Gypsum application significantly enhanced nutrient uptake and increased the growth attributes of NERRICA - L19 rice compared to the control. Atiehife soil responded better to the reclamation process than the remaining soils, showing high growth performance. Gypsum applied at the rate of 16.92 kg/ha was recommended for adoption.
Formulation and Evaluation of Miconazole Nitrate Loaded Novel Nanoparticle Gel for Topical Delivery
Authors: Jadhav Khanderao , Jadhav Shivraj , Sonawane Deepak , Somvanshi Deepak , Shah Hina , Patil Pratik
Published: September 2021

The aim of the present research work is to design miconazole-loaded chitosan nanoparticles that could potentially assemble in wrinkle and hair follicles to provide prolong release to the skin tissue. The amount of drugs required for the preparation of nanoparticles was determined by studying the entrapment efficiency of preliminary batches. The emulsification/Solvent evaporation method was used for the preparation of nanoparticles. Different proportions of Miconazole Nitrate and Chitosan were dissolved in DCM. The size of the globules in the emulsion was reduced by a high energy shearing using a probe Sonicator at 50 % amplitude for 10 Minutes, followed by the addition of 10 ml 2% PVA. After overnight evaporation of DCM, for isolation of dried NPs, the NPs dispersion was centrifuged at 15,000 RCF for 30 minutes. The obtained particles were dispersed in de-ionized water and freeze-dried. 32 full factorial design was selected for optimization purposes. Prepared batches were evaluated for various parameters such as entrapment efficiency, production yield, particle size, zeta potential, and SEM. F5 batch was found to be optimized which was then used for the preparation of gel. Three levels of Carbopol934 and propylene glycol were used for the optimization of gel. The prepared gel was also evaluated for pH, drug content, viscosity, and spreadability. From the study, it was concluded that nanoparticle gel can be used for the treatment of various skin infections over the conventional gel.
Case Report on Pott’s Spine
Authors: Raut Arati , Shiwarkar Vaishnavi , Ankar Ruchira , Wagh Pranali
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Extra spinal infection causes Pott's illness, which is a spine infection. This condition is extremely rare. It is also called as tuberculosis spondylitis. Due to haematogenous spread over sites, it often involves the lungs and multiple vertebrae. It causes a kind of tuberculous arthritis of the invertebral disc space. The vertebral body's front part, near to the plate underneath the chondral i.e. subchondral plate, is the most prevalent location of involvement in the lower thoracic vertebrae. If anyone vertebra gets affected the disc is normal and if both it cannot receives nutrients, and collapses and spinal damage that results in kypotic spine deformity. 45 years old male patient admitted to AVBRH with the chief complaints of weakness of bilateral lower limb since 1 month, back pain, loss of weight, and loss of appetite.

Clinical Findings: Weakness of bilateral lower limb since 1 month, back pain, loss of weight, loss of appetite.

Diagnostic Evaluation: Generally, we examine medical history, symptoms, and physical examination of a patient. The patient has been undergone with the investigation like x-ray, MRI, CT scan, CBC, ESR and mantox test. Patient has elevated haemoglobin level i.e. 8.9%. RBCs – normocytic mildly hypochromic platelets. Patient also has elevated sodium and potassium level.

Conclusion: Patient has undergone surgical management i.e. spinal fixation. Patient showed minor signs of progress and thus he was asked to undergo the medical management and was kept under observation.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN MUTUAL STOCK FUNDS USING SHARPE, TREYNOR, JENSEN AND M2 METHOD PERIOD 2010 – 2019
Authors: Andreas Andreas , Basana Sautma Ronni
Published: September 2021

This study examines the performance of equity mutual funds using Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen, and M2. The sample used in this study is 57 stock mutual funds in 2015 – 2019 and 29 stock mutual funds in 2010 – 2019. The performance of stock mutual funds will be compared with LQ – 45 and IHSG to find out whether they underperform or outperform on market performance. The results showed that when seen in years 2015 - 2019 with the benchmark LQ - 45, 11 equity funds outperformed by using Sharpe, Treynor, and M2, and 12 mutual funds stocks outperformed by using a Jensen. Using the Composite Index as the benchmark, it is found that four equity funds outperformed by using Sharpe, M2, and 5 equity funds outperformed by using Treynor and Jensen from 57 samples of mutual fund shares. From the performance of the year 2010 - 2019, it is found that the 10 equity funds outperformed by using Sharpe and M2, and 15 equity funds outperformed by using Treynor and Jensen with LQ – 45 as the benchmark. The Composite Index found that 0 of stock mutual funds outperformed by using Sharpe and M2, while 3 mutual funds outperformed using Treynor and 2 mutual funds outperformed using Jensen from 29 stock mutual funds samples.
SPENDING PATTERNS ON MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN SURABAYA
Authors: Malelak Mariana Ing , Halim Nathania Mirabel
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine spending patterns in the millennial generation in Surabaya. Respondents of this study were the millennial generation who were divided into two age groups, namely 21-28 years old, who were referred to as junior millennials, and those aged 29-36 years who were referred to as senior millennials. The analysis technique used is a crosstab to examine the relationship between age and spending pattern of the millennial generation and an independent-sample t-test to test the difference between the spending pattern of the junior millennials and senior millennials. This study showed a significant relationship between age and spending pattern on the millennial generation, and there is a significant difference between the spending pattern of the junior millennials and senior millennials.
THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION ON TRADING BEHAVIOR WITH PERSONALITY TRAITS AS MODERATION VARIABLE FOR STOCK TRADERS
Authors: Susanto Ronaldo , Malelak Mariana Ing
Published: September 2021

The development of investment in Indonesia has increased rapidly over the past few years. One of the key factors affecting stock traders' trading behavior is information. Information that was previously difficult to obtain by investors became easily obtained due to technological developments. In addition to information, the characteristics of traders also influence their trading behavior. The population used in this study is the entire citizen of Surabaya, and the sample of this study is stock traders who have a minimum of 1-year trading experience. Data analysis is done by using Partial Least Square with Smart PLS 3.0. The result of this study is that information has a significant effect on trading behavior, while neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness do not moderate the effect of information on trading behavior significantly.
Effect of Material Properties in the Direct and Inverse Thermomechanical Analyses of Multilayer Functionally Graded Solids
Authors: Kushnir Roman M. , Yasinskyy Anatoliy V. , Tokovyy Yuriy V.
Published: September 2021

Herein, the effect of material inhomogeneity on the temperature and stress distributions in functionally graded solids is analyzed. Assuming the inaccessibility of the inner surface of a multilayer functionally graded hollow sphere for the direct monitoring of the temperature in real time, the problem on identifying the temperature on this surface is formulated by implementing the temperature and circumferential strain given on the outer surface. The material properties within each sphere layer are assumed to be arbitrary functions of the radial coordinate. By representing the material properties of the sphere in the form of stepwise‐variable functions and implementing the generalized derivative technique, a method for the reduction of the formulated problem to an inverse thermoelasticity problem is developed. Using the finite difference method, a numerical algorithm for solving the inverse problem is suggested. The stability of the proposed numerical algorithm concerning the input perturbation is verified.
High Throughput Blood Analysis Based on Deep Learning Algorithm and Self‐Positioning Super‐Hydrophobic SERS Platform for Non‐Invasive Multi‐Disease Screening
Authors: Lin Xueliang , Lin Duo , Chen Yang , Lin Jincheng , Weng Shuyun , Song Jibin , Feng Shangyuan
Published: September 2021

Blood analysis is crucial for early cancer screening and improving patient survival rates. However, developing an effective strategy for early cancer detection using high‐throughput blood analysis is still challenging. Herein, a novel automatic super‐hydrophobic platform is developed together with a deep learning (DL)‐based label‐free serum and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), along with an automatic high‐throughput Raman spectrometer to build an effective point‐of‐care diagnosis system. A total of 695 high‐quality serum SERS spectra are obtained from 203 healthy volunteers, 77 leukemia M5, 94 hepatitis B virus, and 321 breast cancer patients. Serum SERS signals from the normal (n = 183) and patient (n = 443) groups are used to assess the DL model, which classify them with a maximum accuracy of 100%. Furthermore, when SERS is combined with DL, it exhibits excellent diagnostic accuracy (98.6%) for the external held‐out test set, indicating that this method can be used to develop a high throughput, rapid, and label‐free tool for screening diseases.
Electrochemical Overview: A Summary of ACoxMnyNizO2 and Metal Oxides as Versatile Cathode Materials for Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pimlott Jessica L. , Street Ryan J. , Down Michael P. , Banks Craig E.
Published: September 2021

Early LiCoO2 research provided the basis for the tremendous commercial success of Li+ batteries since their invention in the early 1990s. Today, LiNiMnCoO2 (Li‐NMC) is one of the most widely used batteries in the rapidly evolving electronic vehicle industry. Li‐NMC batteries continue to receive significant interest as research efforts aim to partially, or entirely, replace the use of scarcely available and toxic Co with elemental doping to form binary, ternary, and quaternary layered oxides. Furthermore, safety concerns and rising uncertainty for the future of Li supplies have resulted in growing curiosity toward non‐Li+ rechargeable batteries such as Na+ and K+. Unfortunately, the success of Li+ host materials does not always directly transfer to Na+ and K+ batteries due to the difficulty of reversibly intercalating larger ions without irreparably distorting the host structure. Consequently, this report provides an overview of the Li‐based materials surrounding the success of commercial Li‐NMC and the subsequent progress of their lesser studied Na and K counterparts. The challenges for current cathode materials are highlighted, and the opportunities for progression are suggested. The summary presented in this review can be consulted to steer new and unique research avenues for layered oxide materials as metal‐ion battery cathodes.
Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with EQE Exceeding 28% through a Synergetic Dual‐Additive Strategy for Defect Passivation and Nanostructure Regulation
Authors: Liu Zhe , Qiu Weidong , Peng Xiaomei , Sun Guanwei , Liu Xinyan , Liu Denghui , Li Zhenchao , He Fangru , Shen Chenyang , Gu Qing , Ma Fulong , Yip Hin‐Lap , Hou Lintao , Qi Zhengjian , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: September 2021

Quasi‐2D perovskites have long been considered to have favorable “energy funnel/cascade” structures and excellent optical properties compared with their 3D counterparts. However, most quasi‐2D perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) exhibit high external quantum efficiency (EQE) but unsatisfactory operating stability due to Auger recombination induced by high current density. Herein, a synergetic dual‐additive strategy is adopted to prepare perovskite films with low defect density and high environmental stability by using 18‐crown‐6 and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (MPEG‐MAA) as the additives. The dual additives containing COC bonds can not only effectively reduce the perovskite defects but also destroy the self‐aggregation of organic ligands, inducing the formation of perovskite nanocrystals with quasi‐core/shell structure. After thermal annealing, the MPEG‐MAA with its CC bond can be polymerized to obtain a comb‐like polymer, further protecting the passivated perovskite nanocrystals against water and oxygen. Finally, state‐of‐the‐art green PeLEDs with a normal EQE of 25.2% and a maximum EQE of 28.1% are achieved, and the operating lifetime (T50) of the device in air environment is over ten times increased, providing a novel and effective strategy to make high efficiency and long operating lifetime PeLEDs.
Lattice‐Confined Ir Clusters on Pd Nanosheets with Charge Redistribution for the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Zhang Baohua , Zhao Guoqiang , Zhang Bingxing , Xia Lixue , Jiang Yinzhu , Ma Tianyi , Gao Mingxia , Sun Wenping , Pan Hongge
Published: September 2021

Electrocatalysts with high activity and long‐term stability for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) under alkaline conditions is still a major challenge for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Herein, a heterostructured Ir@Pd electrocatalyst with ultrasmall Ir nanoclusters (NCs) epitaxially confined on Pd nanosheets (NSs) for catalyzing the sluggish alkaline HOR is reported. Apparent charge redistribution occurs across the heterointerface, and both experimental and theoretical results suggest that the electrons transfer from Pd to Ir, which consequently greatly weakens the hydrogen binding on Pd. More interestingly, the interfacial epitaxy results in the formation of Ir/IrO2 Janus nanostructures, where the partially oxidized Ir species away from the interface further optimize the hydroxyl adsorption behavior. The unique Ir@Pd heterostructure eventually shows an optimal balance between hydrogen and hydroxyl adsorption, and hence exhibits impressive HOR activity with an exchange current density of up to 7.18 mA cm–2 in 0.1 m KOH solution. In addition, the Ir@Pd electrocatalyst exhibits negligible activity degradation owing to the confinement effect of the unique epitaxial interface.
Recent Aspects in Membrane Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion
Authors: Shalaby Marwa. S. , Sołowski Gaweł , Abbas Wael
Published: September 2021

Oily wastewater is generated by various industries in extraordinary growing volumes, such as oil refineries, petrochemicals, metallurgical, food & beverages, and dairy industries, which need oil removal for safe discharge to the environment. Lower cost of production with high oil removal and efficient performance compared to classical methods for treating oil‐water emulsions attributed to the alleviation of operation. That emphasizes membrane modification to enhance wettability, hydrophilicity with the antifouling property such as membranes dealing with tiny oil emulsions to be the key parameters to improve its performance. These challenges associated with membrane filtration are highlighted to quantify and how to mitigate membrane fouling. This review underlines the current and future status of commercial ultrafiltration membranes. These membranes seem to be the most cost‐effective, applied technology for oil‐water emulsion; moreover, different strategies and pathways for research areas to be covered are discussed.