bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of the solar activity indices in the International Reference Ionosphere IRI and IRI-Plas models due to recent revision of sunspot number time series
Authors: Гуляева Тамара , Gulyaeva Tamara
Published: October 2016

The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) imports global effective ionospheric IG12 index based on ionosonde measurements of the critical frequency foF2 as a proxy of solar activity. Similarly, the global electron content (GEC), smoothed by the sliding 12-months window (GEC12), is used as a solar proxy in the ionospheric and plasmaspheric model IRI-Plas. GEC has been calculated from global ionospheric maps of total electron content (TEC) since 1998 whereas its productions for the preceding years and predictions for the future are made with the empirical model of the linear dependence of GEC on solar activity. At present there is a need to re-evaluate solar and ionospheric indices in the ionospheric models due to the recent revision of sunspot number (SSN2) time series, which has been conducted since 1st July, 2015 [Clette et al., 2014]. Implementation of SSN2 instead of the former SSN1 series with the ionospheric model could increase model prediction errors. A formula is proposed to transform the smoothed SSN212 series to the proxy of the former basic SSN112=R12 index, which is used by IRI and IRI-Plas models for long-term ionospheric predictions. Regression relationships are established between GEC12, the sunspot number R12, and the proxy solar index of 10.7 cm microwave radio flux, F10.712. Comparison of calculations by the IRI-Plas and IRI models with observations and predictions for Moscow during solar cycles 23 and 24 has shown the advantage of implementation of GEC12 index with the IRI-Plas model.
Letters
Authors: Hall Chris , Browne Naima , Burke Jacqui
Published: October 2016

MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB neil.henty@markallengroup.com
Early Years Pupil Premium: evidence and its impact
Authors: Lee Maureen
Published: October 2016

Maureen Lee reflects on the first 18 months of the Early Years Pupil Premium being available to the sector and assesses how it is being used to make a difference to children in early years settings.
Support transitions using an effective key person system
Authors: Kerlsake Amy
Published: October 2016

For many children, starting at an early years setting will be the biggest transition they will experience before starting school, so it is important that we take time to consider how best to support the process.
Fairer funding must be just a start
Authors: Leitch Neil
Published: October 2016

The appointment of a new minister and the long-awaited consultation into early years funding are welcome, but they barely paper over the cracks in the system that need to urgently addressed.
Strategy needs to value workforce
Authors: Blumsom Neil
Published: October 2016

The government has regularly talked about attracting the best graduates to the early years, but its own policies have often proved a barrier to this, which presents our new minister with a great opportunity.
Showing off your garden
Authors: Jefferies Tina
Published: October 2016

Last month, we looked at the many health and wellbeing benefits that having an outdoor space available in which children can try gardening. Now we take it a stage further, by creating something to show off.
Recycling and reinvention
Authors: Rodgers Anne
Published: October 2016

Just as there is no such thing as bad weather, there is no such thing as rubbish, well, within reason, but most of what we recycle has the potential to turn a child's imagination into modelled reality.
Starch / Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends Containing Polyurethane as Plasticizer
Authors: González-Forte Lucía del Sol , Pardini Oscar R. , Amalvy Javier I.
Published: October 2016

Starch-based films containing 70wt% of starch and a combination of poly(vinyl alcohol) and a low glass transition temperature polyurethane as plasticizer were prepared. The effect of PVA/PU ratio content on the morphology and physical properties was investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and measurements of mechanical properties and water vapor permeability. A relative small amount of PU (less than 15 wt%), significantly changes the properties of the blend due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the three components. FTIR and XRD results indicate that blends containing PU are more amorphous than the pure starch/PVA blend and SEM images show a homogeneous matrix due to the good compatibility between starch and PU. Incorporation of PU to the starch/PVA blend shifts the glass transition temperature to lower values and reduce the elastic modulus, indicating a successful plasticization effect. The resulting blends produce films with improved physical properties.
Investigation of the Role of Rubber Particle Cavitation Resistance on the Toughening Mechanisms of Epoxy Resins
Authors: Tahami Hamed Vakili , Ebrahimi Morteza , Yahyaei Hossein , Mafi Ehsan R. , Bagheri Reza
Published: October 2016

The occurrence of rubber particle cavitation in rubber modified epoxy resins has generated some controversy in the literature and role of cavitation resistance in toughening mechanisms has remained an enigma. In this study, hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and synthesized epoxy terminated polybutadiene (ETPB) have been used to toughen an epoxy resin. FTIR and titration techniques were used to monitor the ETPB synthesis. Mean fracture toughness, KIC, of 0.65 MPa.m0.5 was measured for unmodified epoxy polymer. The measured toughness was increased by the addition of HTPB to 1.23 MPa.m0.5 and ETPB to 1.80 MPa.m0.5. The cavitation zone of the HTPB modified sample was bigger than that of ETPB modified sample which showed the higher cavitation resistance of ETPB particles. SEM studies showed volumetric expansion of rubbery phase in slow crack growth region of both samples which proved the plastic void growth. The results showed that the elevated cavitation resistance of ETPB did not suppress plastic void growth. The optical microscopy of crack tips showed shear banding which was more significant in ETPB modified sample. SEM micrographs of fracture surface of HTPB modified samples showed no tail formation while pinning tails were present in ETPB modified samples. The results showed that higher cavitation resistance activated crack pinning process and induced larger shear banding zone in ETPB modified samples. Deflection and forking of the main crack into secondary cracks was also observed in ETPB modified samples while these phenomena were not present in HTPB modified samples.
O complexo totalizante simbólico: religião popular, xamanismo e psicanálise nos arquivos da Inquisição portuguesa
Authors: Ribeiro António Vitor Sanches Ferreira
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho pretende desenvolver uma hipótese colocada na dissertação de doutoramento intitulada O Auto dos místicos, na qual se evidenciaram os aspectos ligados a uma mitologia astral dualista, de fundo xamânico, existentes no imaginário místico português. Esta cosmovisão assentava num movimento triádico dialéctico, cujo funcionamento é generalizável ao universo físico e metafísico. Assim, todos os aspectos da vida, principalmente os que estão ligados à relação entre mortos e vivos, se materializavam em figuras simbólicas. Estes símbolos, presentes numa área que extravasa o contexto português e europeu, determinaram comportamentos, rituais ou sonhos, presentes na cultura e religiosidade populares, como a licantropia e o transe. A não consideração ou desvalorização dos aspectos referidos levou a que autores ligados à psicanálise e à antropologia, como Lévi-Strauss, Freud ou Jung, tivessem uma visão distorcida ou reduzida dessas manifestações.
INFLUÊNCIA DA VITAMINA D ASSOCIADA AO INTERFERON ALFA PEGUILADO E RIBAVIRINA NA RESPOSTA VIROLOGICA SUSTENTADA NA HEPATITE C CRÔNICA
Authors: Andrighetto Luiza Vitelo , Dos Santos Jacqueline Shaurich , Nicoletti Graziella , Bock Patricia Martins
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a influência da vitamina D no tratamento de hepatite C com interferon alfa peguilado e ribavirina. Foram utilizados artigos científicos relevantes publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2015. Diversos estudos abrangidos observaram que níveis mais elevados de vitamina D estavam associados à rápida resposta ao tratamento e maior taxa de RVS, sugerindo que a deficiência de vitamina D pode estar ligada a uma falta de resposta ao tratamento antiviral. A influência do polimorfismo do gene IL28B em associação com a vitamina D também foi avaliada. Os estudos observaram que a vitamina D e o polimorfismo do gene IL28B são indicadores que agem de forma independente para o alcance da RVS. Quando avaliados, os estudos com suplementação de vitamina D observaram maior taxa de RVS para pacientes que receberam suplementação se comparados com os pacientes que só utilizaram a terapia convencional, demonstrando que a vitamina D pode ter um impacto positivo na eficácia do tratamento tanto em pacientes com genótipo de difícil resposta como nos genótipos de melhor prognóstico. Entretanto, os mecanismos de ação pelos quais a vitamina D e seus metabólitos aumentam a eficácia da terapia anti HCV e a RVS ainda não estão completamente claros. A alta prevalência de deficiência de vitamina D associada à baixa resposta ao tratamento e a alta RVS em pacientes que apresentam níveis séricos mais elevados de vitamina D demonstram que a vitamina D é um indicador independente fortemente associado à RVS.
NÍVEL DE ENTENDIMENTO SOBRE PRESCRIÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA. ESTAMOS PREPARADOS PARA ESSA NOVA REALIDADE?
Authors: Soares Ana Luiza Pelissari Pessanha de Paula , Costa Marco Antonio , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira
Published: October 2016

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar o entendimento sobre prescrição farmacêutica dos farmacêuticos que atuam em Farmácias e Drogarias do município de Maringá, Paraná. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa OpenEpi® e teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultados referentes a 159 farmacêuticos mostraram que 99,4% sabiam o que é prescrição farmacêutica, 70,4% leram as resoluções 585/13 e 586/13 do Conselho Federal de Farmácia e apenas 34,0% estavam prescrevendo. A associação das variáveis preditoras (sexo, faixa etária, universidade onde se formou, tempo de formado, tipo de formação, especialização e função que exerce na farmácia) não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa com o desfecho (ato de realizar ou não a prescrição farmacêutica). Pode-se concluir que a prescrição farmacêutica é bem entendida na sua teoria, entretanto é incipiente na prática por ser um assunto ainda novo em termos de legislação.
ATENDIMENTO AOS SURDOS NOS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE: ACESSIBILIDADE E OBSTÁCULOS
Authors: Neves Dayane Bevilaqua , Felipe Ilana Mirian Almeida , Nunes Serlyjane Penha hermano
Published: October 2016

Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa com o objetivo de avaliar a acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde entre pessoas surdas, diagnosticando problemas e obstáculos que enfrentam. Participaram 9 adultos surdos, que foram entrevistados utilizando-se a Língua Brasileira de Sinais – LIBRAS, com auxílio de um intérprete. As análises foram realizadas com base na técnica de análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática, da qual emergiram cinco categorias: comunicação, sentimentos, percepção do surdo sobre o atendimento em saúde, acessibilidade aos serviços e falta de autonomia. A análise dos dados revelou que há um número reduzido de profissionais aptos a se comunicar usando a LIBRAS, o que dificulta a comunicação com o profissional de saúde que o atende, agravado pelo fato de que raramente encontram intérpretes para auxiliá-los. Muitos serviços e informações de saúde encontram-se inacessíveis aos surdos dada a deficiência em se estabelecer um processo de comunicação eficiente com o profissional de saúde, acrescido do fato de que a própria sociedade ainda vê o surdo como alguém incapaz de tomar suas próprias decisões em relação à sua saúde e terapia, mantendo-lhes na dependência de outras pessoas.
ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE E TÓXICA DE EXTRATOS DE CASCAS DO FRUTO DE NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM L. (SAPINDACEAE), COMERCIALIZADOS EM SALVADOR, BAHIA, BRASIL
Authors: Santos Junior Aníbal de Freitas , Oliveira Leandro Carvalho , Guedes Alessandra da Silva , Mota Milleno Dantas , Magalhaes Hemerson Iury Ferreira
Published: October 2016

Nephelium lappaceum L., conhecido como Rambutã, é um fruto tropical atraente, que contém compostos fenólicos (taninos e flavonoides) e alcaloides. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante e a toxicidade das cascas do fruto de Nephelium lappaceum L. (Rambutã), comercializados em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, pelo método do 2,2-difenil-1-picrilidrazil (DPPH), e do teste de toxicidade a larvas de Artemia salina, respectivamente. Para osexperimentos, foram utilizadas as fases orgânicas hexano e acetato de etila, obtidas da partição do extrato metanólico. Foi empregado o método do 2,2– difenil-1-picrilidrazil (DPPH) e o teste de toxicidade frente Artemia salina. A fase acetato de etila apresentou maior poder antioxidante e menor efeito tóxico quando comparada à fase hexânica. Quanto à atividade antioxidante, foram obtidas CE50 de 373,72 μg/mL e 1207,4 μg/mL para as fases acetato de etila e hexânica, respectivamente. Quanto à toxicidade, foram obtidas DL50 de 799,28 μg/mL e de 705,72 μg/mL para as fases acetato de etila e hexânica, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam a potencialidade de uso deste fruto (cascas) como fonte natural de compostos antioxidantes.
The Science and Politics of DNA
Authors: Royle Camilla
Published: October 2016

John Parrington, The Deeper Genome (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 272 pages, $19.95, paperback.John Parrington's book The Deeper Genome breaks new ground in establishing a materialist understanding of how the genome works. Most popular science books on genetics have dealt with the genetic code, focusing on the information contained in our genes and the physical or personality traits this information might "code for." Parrington instead turns his attention to the molecules that form our genomes, uncovering new research and assessing its implications for the way we think about genetics.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
The Benchmarking Practices of the Economically Freest Countries in Europe and the World
Authors: Rožans Edgars
Published: October 2016

In our increasingly globalised economy, global competitiveness of countries and the means to measure it gain increasing significance. One of the ways to measure global competitiveness is by comparing an extent of the economic freedom that a country has, which also can, as surveys show, largely explain differences in living standards across the world. Seeing as how European economy is similar to most of the Western world capitalist economies in the sense that it has, for a number of reasons, very different economic policy traditions than many countries in other parts of the world, we may approach this topic from a European perspective; consequently, we can see that the main hypothesis of the work can be confirmed, and it is possible, for reasons based in economic or national image nature, to discern which is the freest of world economies by adopting the benchmarking practices of the continent. Nevertheless, the other hypothesis of the work does not fulfill itself, meaning that by adopting taxing policies of some of the wealthiest European Union economies it is not possible anymore to reach the result of the freest economy, both in the world and particularly Europe. Looking at the components and scores of the Index of Economic Freedom, it becomes apparent that the inclusion of government share components in its methodology is very controversial, similarly as the labour freedom component and even monetary freedom, albeit in lesser extent.
Lithuanian Exporters in the Financial Crisis
Authors: Jensen Camilla , Rasteniene Aušryte
Published: October 2016

Using Enterprise Survey data covering the period 2001–2011, the paper investigates the export behavior of Lithuanian firms and changes herein before, during and after the financial crisis. The primary objective is to investigate if there are changes in export behavior such as frequency, intensity, value and structure, hence focus lies on the results obtained with the standard enterprise survey data that is annual and collected before and after the crisis. The findings show that in a quantitative perspective the financial crisis has only a marginal impact on the long run exporting behavior of Lithuanian firms. There are no significant changes in number of exporters and exported percentage and only a small but negative effect on exported value when using simple ANOVA (F-test) analysis or more advanced regression analysis for repeated cross sections and panel data. The impact of the crisis falls more on the qualitative aspects of exporters from Lithuania. Generally do exporters, though affected by the crisis, outperform local market oriented firms in and over the crisis on factors such as productivity, sales growth and quality.Complementary evidence from the more ad-hoc and short-term focused financial crisis surveys corroborates the findings from the standard enterprise surveys. In every aspect investigated did exporters perform at least as well and often much better than firms catering solely to the local market. The financial crisis survey data reveals that exporters had higher capacity utilization, lower levels of indebtedness and recovered generally faster than other firms from the crisis.For the methodology, we conclude with this paper that the usage of repeated cross sections from the Standard enterprise surveys is the best way to investigate our research questions. This owes to the large drop in number of observations in the panel dataset published by the World Bank, making those results overtly vulnerable to outliers in the sample and unobservable attrition factors. The financial crisis survey data is mainuly useful towards understanding short run adjustments and financial aspects of the crisis, while structural aspects and exporting behavior is better covered with the standard surveys. The main methodology problem of using less than population data (making it sensitive to survey sampling routines) to investigate exporting behavior in general concerns the enormous skewedness that exists within the population of exporting firms. This owes to the phenomena that in most countries a handful of (multinational and locally owned) firms account for more than 50% of total exports. This is also increasingly true for a country such as Lithuania as the transition towards a market and open economy has progressed.
Determinants of Trade Credit in European Construction Firms: a Preliminary Study
Authors: Barbua-Misu Nicoleta , Deari Fitim
Published: October 2016

The aim of this paper is to present a comparative study of trade credit indicators and the possible determinants of trade credit for firms acting in the construction sector, using a sample of 958 medium and large firms for the period 2004-2013. The objective of the study is to identify and examine selected variables that may determine trade credit used and provided by selected firms. The sample is derived from the Amadeus database. The examined firms were ones that have sold and bought on credit. The data was organised as panel-data and quantitative analyses were performed. This study demonstrates results that firms with higher trade receivables are less profitable; a positive correlation was found between trade receivables and liquidity, whereas a negative correlation was detected between trade receivables and gearing; larger firms provide and obtain more trade credit than medium firms; more profitable firms use less gearing; firms with higher profit margin are more liquid and more liquid firms use less gearing; based on an average and overall terms, there is not such a clear distinction between Western and Eastern European countries from viewpoint of net trade credit and net trade period.
Impact of Corporate Governance Reform on the Management Effectiveness of State Owned Enterprises in Lithuania in 2012–2014
Authors: Jurkonis Liudas , Merkliopas Šarūnas , Kyga Karolis
Published: October 2016

Following previous research on the management efficiency of the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Lithuania, this paper extends the discussion via analysis of the broader period of time not only focusing on 1 year caption (2012), but trying to identify the impacts (if any) of the corporate governance reform of the SOEs in Lithuania looking at the data of 2012–2014.To ensure the consistency and comparability of the results, the theoretical background is sought to be maintained as similar as in the previous papers, following the paradigms of (post) new public management, principle-agent theory, corporate governance guidelines established by such international organisations as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, the International Monetary fund and others.In addition to the quantitative part of the analysis (quantitative analysis of the relationship between management of SOEs and results of its operations as measured by Return on Equity (ROE)), case studies representing biggest Lithuanian SOEs and – accordingly – 3 main sectors Lithuanian SOEs are acting in are analysed to understand if and what (i) actual changes of the corporate governance principles are impacting the management effectiveness of SOEs, as well as (ii) what are the limiting factors (if any) reducing the positive effects of the changes being introduced with the new reform.For both parts of the analysis (quantitative and case studies) we focus on (i) the main elements of corporate governance being introduced by the SOE reform and (ii) the relations of the SOEs and the shareholder of theirs (Government and the society). By applying the above described approach, the paper seeks to (i) understand not only the effects of corporate governance on management and performance of SOEs per se, but also include the time dimension with the purpose to understand (confirm) if previous findings (e.g., the fact that board independence and transparency were the key factors influencing SOEs management efficiency in 2012) are sufficiently sustainable outcomes of the reform, which would still be valid in the 3 year period (2012-2014), as well as (ii) explain the most relevant (in terms of impact on management effectiveness) corporate governance principles that should be applied or be promoted stronger in Lithuanian SOEs.
CIVILINIO GINČO ŠALIŲ SUVOKTAS TEISĖJŲ ELGESIO TEISINGUMAS
Authors: Petkevičiūtė-Barysienė Dovilė , Valickas Gintautas
Published: October 2016

Straipsnyje analizuojamas civilinio ginčo šalių suvoktas teisėjų elgesio teisingumas prieš prasidedant teismo procesui ir po teismo proceso, taip pat jo veiksniai: teisingumo lūkesčiai, teismo proceso metu patirtas teisėjo elgesio teisingumas, teismo proceso metu patirti emociniai išgyvenimai ir ginčo šalių demografinės charakteristikos.
EUROPOS AUTONOMIŠKO SUSITARIMO DĖL MINIMALIŲ REIKALAVIMŲ TIPINĖMS PROFESIONALIŲ FUTBOLININKŲ SUTARTIMS ĮGYVENDINIMO EFEKTYVUMAS
Authors: Augutavičiūtė Agnė
Published: October 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas Europos socialiniu dialogu sudaryto Susitarimo dėl minimalių reikalavimų tipinėms profesionalių futbolininkų sutartims įgyvendinimo efektyvumas. Visų pirma straipsnyje atskleidžiama Europos socialinio dialogo, kaip autonomiško reguliavimo instrumento, pranašumai ir trūkumai. Taip pat analizuojama Susitarimo 5 straipsnio reikšmė, profesionalių futbolininkų teisių užtikrinimas nacionaliniu lygmeniu. Galiausiai straipsnyje nagrinėjamas Susitarimo 5 straipsnio įgyvendinimo Lenkijoje, Kroatijoje, Slovėnijoje ir Lietuvoje efektyvumas.
SEBARAN UKURAN PANJANG DAN NISBAH KELAMIN IKAN MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares) DI SAMUDERA HINDIA BAGIAN TIMUR
Authors: Wujdi Arief , Setyadji Bram , Nugraha Budi
Published: October 2016

Ikan madidihang atau tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) merupakan salah satu komoditas penting bagi industri perikanan di Indonesia dengan hasil tangkapan tertinggi dibandingkan jenis tuna lainnya. Sebagai dasar pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan yang berkelanjutan, diperlukan data dan informasi tentang komposisi ukuran layak tangkap yaitu membandingkan proporsi rata-rata ikan tertangkap (Lc) dan matang gonad (Lm), serta nisbah kelamin sebagai indikator pendugaan kemampuan memijah. Pengumpulan data dilakukanmelalui program observasi diatas kapal rawai tuna yang berbasis di Benoa, Pelabuhanratu dan Bungus dari bulan Agustus 2005 hingga November 2013. Penghitungan nisbah kelamin menggunakan uji Chi-Square (X2) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi ukuran panjang cagak ikan madidihang berkisar antara 30-179 cm, modus ukuran 106-110 cm dan rata-rata 101,65 cm. Sebanyak 81,03% madidihang yang tertangkap berukuran lebih besar daripada Lm yang berarti telah layak tangkap. Nisbah kelamin betina:jantan adalah 1:1,45 mengindikasikan dominansi ikan jantan. Hubungan antara nisbah kelamin dengan panjang ikan menunjukkan signifikansi dimana ikan betina semakin berkurang pada ukuran 120-180 cm, serta tidak ditemukan lagi pada ukuran lebih dari 170 cm. Korelasi nisbah kelamin dan panjang cagak dapat dideskripsikan dengan persamaan regresi sebagai berikut: 1,8013 - 0,0099 FL dengan nilai R2=0,8058.Yellowfin tuna or YFT (Thunnus albacares) is one of the important commodity for the fishing industry in Indonesia because it has the highest catches compared with other tunas. In order to fisheries resources management, it was necessary to monitor the size composition compared between proportion average size captured (Lc) and maturity size (Lm) to meets the size eligibility, as well as the sex ratio as an indicator to estimate the ability of spawn. Data collected by scientific observers program which was following tuna longline operation mainly based in Benoa, Palabuhanratu and Bungus Fishing Port, from August 2005 to November 2013. Chi-Square analysis with 95%confidence level also implemented to determine sex ratio between female and male. The result indicated that YFT were caught has size ranged between 30-179 cm, size mode ranged between 106-110 cm and the mean was 101,65 cm.Mostly YFT (81,03%) was greater than its maturity size (Lm) and that’s mean have been worthy to be captured. Sex ratio of (F:M) 1:1,45 was observed which indicates male was dominant. Correlation between sex ratio and length proved to be significant where the female was diminishing in size between 120-180 cm, even female was no longer found in size more than 170 cm. Correlation between sex ratio and length can described as a regression equation=1,8013 - 0,0099 FL; R2=0,8058.
CATCH ESTIMATION AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF BILLFISHES LANDED IN PORT OF BENOA, BALI
Authors: Setyadji Bram , Jumariadi Jumariadi , Nugraha Budi
Published: October 2016

Billfishes are generally considered as by-product in tuna long line fisheries that have high economic value in the market. By far, the information about Indian Ocean billfish biology and fisheries especially in Indonesia is very limited. This research aimed to elucidate the estimation of production and size distribution of billfishes landed in port of Benoa during 2010 (February – December) through daily observation at the processing plants. The result showed that the landings dominated by Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) 54.9%, Blue marlin (Makaira mazara) 17.8% and Black marlin (Makaira indica) 13.0% respectively, followed by small amount of striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax), sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), and shortbil spearfish (Tetrapturus Angustirostris). Generally the individual size of billfishes range between 68 and 206 cm (PFL), and showing negative allometric pattern except on swordfish that was isometric. Most of the billfish landed haven’t reached their first sexual maturity.
IS THERE ANY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY AND REPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT IN GIANT FEATHERBACK (CHITALA LOPIS, NOTOPTERIDAE)
Authors: Wibowo Arif
Published: October 2016

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is often used as an indicator of perturbed development. As organisms placed under greater stress, less energy is available to buffer their development compared to unstressed individuals and increasing levels of asymmetry. Therefore, individual asymmetry scores within a population can be used as a measure of an organism’s ability to buffer its development and can be considered as an indirect measurement of individual fitness. In this study a test was conducted to know any correlation among FA and four fitness traits in giant featherback (Chitala lopis) inhabiting non acidified and acidified region along the Kampar River. Three bilateral meristic characters were counted on each side of the fish: number of gill rakers on the lower first branchial arch, eyes diameter, and number of pectoral-fin rays and four traits related to the fitness were measured: egg diameter, size of first maturity, gonad somatic index, and fecundity. Results show that FA (both number and magnitude) levels are differerent, giant featherback inhabiting more acidic station were slightly more asymmetric than those from less acidic one except to those inhabiting alkali station. However, the reproductive investment of giant featherback in the five sampling stations studied here gave no indication that the populations strongly affected by acidification. In this study it did not find any significant negative correlation between FA and any of the measured fitness traits. Therefore it can be concluded that FA is not a useful measure of fitness in this species.
PERFORMANCE OF A FISHERY HARVESTING DIFFERENT MINIMUM SHRIMP SIZES IN THE ARAFURA SEA
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto
Published: October 2016

Avoiding overfishing and ensuring the sustainability of the shrimp stock in the Arafura Sea are of prime importance for fishery management. Exploited shrimp stock consists of several cohorts, and grows considerably with age. When the shrimps are caught before the cohort has had the opportunity to achieve its optimum biomass level, the fishery will lose much of the potential benefit that could be achieved by catching them in the near future. Therefore, a bio-economic approach was developed, on the basis of the length-based Thompson & Bell model, to evaluate the impact of harvesting different size of shrimps on fishery performance. The result of analysis shows that the fishery achieved the optimal total profit when the shrimp size at first-capture and fishing mortality were 29 mm CL and 0.50, respectively. The total profit to the fishery would be sub-optimal when the shrimp size at-first-capture was smaller or larger than the optimal size. Further, it was more economical to harvest shrimps at the larger size and higher fishing mortality, and resulting in higher total profit, when natural mortality decreased.
STOCK ENHANCEMENT IN INDONESIAN LAKE AND RESERVOIRS FISHERIES
Authors: Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi
Published: October 2016

A total water surface area of lakes and reservoirs of Indonesia is 2.3 million hectares. To increase fish production in Indonesian lakes and reservoirs, fish stock enhancement were practiced. A review on fish stock enhancement in Indonesian lakes and reservoirs was conducted. Some species used in stock enhancement were reviewed, and the causes of program success or failure were analyzed in an attempt to determine the best approach for future stocking. Since 2000 the success of the project on
fish stock enhancement were supported by basic research on diet, ecological niche, life cycle and behavior of the species stocked. Recent successes in fish stock enhancement are mainly determined by species which can be reproduced naturally in the water bodies. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Siamese cat fish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) and small carp (bilih, Mystacoleucus padangensis), an endemic species are the species have best performances in the increasing fish production
significantly. Milk fish (Chanos chanos) stock enhancement can be used to mitigate the negative impact of cage culture in the reservoir. While grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) has been successful in controlling aquatic weed, Eichhornia crassipes in some lakes. Management of fish stock
enhancement including providing quality and quantity of seeds, regulating of fish catch, developin g of market system, institution and fisheries co-management have supported a steady yearly increase in yield. The governments should take the initiative in protection of genetic diversity, especially in stock enhancement of lakes inhabited by endemic and or threatened species, such as lakes in Sulawesi and Papua Island.
CATCH AND EFFORT INFORMATION FOR ALBACORE TUNA (THUNNUS ALALUNGA) BY INDONESIA’S LONGLINERS OPERATING FROM BENOA
Authors: Sadiyah Lilis , Nugraha Budi , Widodo Agustinus Anung
Published: October 2016

Albacore (Thunnus alalunga - ALB) catch was the second highest tuna landed at Benoa Fishing Port and they are mostly landed as frozen bycatch. This paper attempts to provide information on ALB catch and effort trends by Benoa based longline vessels collected by the Benoa Port-based Catch Monitoring and Scientific Observer Programs. The ALB catch landed at the Benoa Fishing Port in 2010 was estimated by the Research Institute for Tuna Fisheries (RITF) to be about 983.14 tons, whereas based on the Indonesian Tuna Long Line Association (ATLI), ALB catch landed at Benoa Fishing Port in 2010 amounted of 2,715.42 tons. This discrepancy was due to sampling for frozen catch (including ALB) could not be conducted in some companies and also there was one company that sell their catch direct to the collector. The observed longline sets were concentrated within the area between 10° - 20°S and 105° - 120°E. Since 2008, the observed setting positions have never extended to south of 20°S. The higher catch rates of ALB were in area south of 15°S.
DNA BARCODING OF FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES OF MANNA RIVER (BENGKULU) AND SEMANKA RIVER (LAMPUNG)
Authors: Wibowo Arif , Farajalah Achmad , Husnah Husnah
Published: October 2016

The identification of fish species is challenging. DNA barcoding provides new perspective in ecology and systematics of fishes. In this study, we assess intraspecific and interspecific genetic divergence among several freshwater fish species from Manna River of Bengkulu Province and Semanka River of Lampung Province, using data from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The results show that a total of six freshwater fish species identified in this study exhibited high levels of interspecific variation based on 51 analyzed sequences. Almost all species corresponded to a single species, cohesive array of barcode sequences distinct from other species. Based on Kimura Two Parameters (K2P) within species, mean pairwise sequence distances comparisons range from 0.3 to 6.3%, while interspecific comparisons were much higher range between 1.7 to 29.4%, except species Tor macrolepis and Tor putitora showed high levels of genetic similarities and no reciprocal monophyly. Using this method will obviously allow the identification eggs, larvae, fillets and fins of freshwater fish.
BENEFITS OF MANGROVE MANAGEMENT FOR PRAWN FISHING AND TIMBER PRODUCTION
Authors: Sutrisno Bagus Oktori , Prayitno Slamet Budi
Published: October 2016

Integrated fisheries resource management is absolutely needed to achieve optimal result and sustainable utilization. This research aims to analyze the benefit of mangrove forest management for prawn fishing and mangrove timber production in Segara Anakan, southern coast of Central Java. The information concerning mangrove coverage changes was achieved from a satellite imagery (Landsat) from 2002 to 2009, while prawn resources stock assessment was analyzed through production surplus method and economic analysis of prawn fishing. The results show that the condition of mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan since 2002 to 2009 had been decreasing with average decrease rate of 10,28% each year which caused to prawn abundance. Utilization of mangrove wood inwhich aged above 20 years would give more benefit to prawn fishing and timber production. The additional economic value for prawn fishing was approximately 3,964 times of cropped woods. Prawn fisheries resource management in Cilacap coastal waters could be done by management of fishing effort and rehabilitation of mangrove forest in Cilacap region and surrounding areas as well especially in Segara Anakan Lagoon.
THE CHANGE OF MANGROVE COVERAGE IN SEGARAANAKAN LAGOON OF CILACAP – CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Sutrisno Bagus Oktori , Prayitno Slamet Budi
Published: October 2016

Mangrove ecosystem play san important role in coastal area. In several region mangrove coverage had decreased caused by various factors such as landuse change, erosion and sedimentation. Mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan Lagoon had decreased and damaged as well. The current work aimed to analyze the change of mangrove coverage in Segara Anakan Lagoon. A remote sensing analysis was conducted to deployeight years of satellite imagery data from 2002 to 2009. Analysis method included NDVI algorythm map processing which was associated with vegetation coverage in the area of interest. The results show that mangrove coverage in Segara Anakan Lagoon had decreased from 9,163.19 ha in 2002 to 8,433 ha in 2003, 7,764 ha in 2004, 7,252.72 ha in 2005 and 6,213.80 ha in 2006 respectvely. Further decrease occured in 2007 to 5,767.16 ha, 4,987 ha in 2008 and finally to 4,267.13 ha in 2009. Mangrove coverage is decreased approximately 677 ha each year. This decrease might be caused by several factors such as conversion of mangrove coverage to other utilization such as farming, housing and ponds, and high sedimentation rate from Citanduy river. These results suggest that management of mangrove area is needed to support coastal resources sustainability in Cilacap. Therefore, replantation and
conservation of mangrove area could be applied for management purposes.
INITIATION ON ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT (EAFM): CASE STUDY ON TARAKAN FISHERIES
Authors: Prasetyo Andhika Prima , Nugroho Duto , Wudianto Wudianto , Irianto Hari Eko , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: October 2016

An EAFM from a global perspective is still moving towards on implementation. EAFM is based on conventional fisheries management but broadens the perspective beyond seeing a fishery as simply “fish in the sea, people in boats,” beyond consideration only of commercially important species, and beyond management efforts directed solely at the harvesting process. This research aims to initiate implementing EAFM in Indonesia: case in Tarakan Fisheries, North Kalimantan Province. From the initiate implementation of EAFM, we found that the possibility to improve the performance on arrange fisheries management based on ecosystem approach. EAFM could be used as tools to confirm scientific findings and gathering initial information on fisheries. In the case, fisheries community in Tarakan was put human well-being as important point to determine fisheries management, rather than ecological well-being. To secure the fisheries the possible options would arrange accepted and adaptable policy on controlling fisheries i.e. temporary fishing closure in term of area and season.
FISHING ACTIVITIES AND FISHERMEN INCOME IN RANAU LAKE, SOUTH SUMATRA
Authors: Muthmainah Dina , Subagdja Subagdja , Makri Makri , Atminarso Dwi , Makmur Safran
Published: October 2016

Fish resources contribute to the socio-economic development for people who live surrounding the waters. The fishermen of Ranau Lake, South Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra Province and West Lampung Regency, Lampung Province are the prime stakeholder and direct interest in fish resources, because they depend on it for their livelihoods or they are directly involved in its exploitation in some ways. However, to well manage these resources, it needs data and information about fish utilization and fishing activity. The objectives of this work are to assess fishing activities such as the fishing craft and gears, catch composition, fish yield, catch per unit of effort (CPUE) and to estimate the fihermen income with economical parameter such as cost and price. Field surveys were conducted from February to November 2014. Fishing activities data were collected from field survey and interview. The results showed that fish resources utilization in Ranau Lake was categorized as traditional and small scale fisheries using different selective fishing gears such gillnet, harpoon, net trap and basket trap with the fish catch in average of 696.66 g/day; 205.03 g/day; 1.584.06 g/day and 123.67 g/day, respectively. Fisherman income (IDR 2,163,300) means the fishermen in Ranau Lake reach standard Indonesian welfare.
PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA IKAN BANGGAI CARDINAL (Pterapogon kauderni) DI PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN BANGGAI
Authors: Hartati Sri Turni , Wudianto Wudianto , Sadiyah Lilis
Published: October 2016

Ikan banggai cardinal atau disingkat BCF adalah jenis ikan hias tropis endemik yang hanya hidup secara alami di perairan sekitar Kepulauan Banggai. Dampak tekanan penangkapan terhadap populasi BCF dewasa ini cukup signifikan, yaitu terjadinya gejala overfishing telah nampak pada hampir semua lokasi penangkapan. Status BCF pada saat ini dalam Red List IUCN tergolong Threatened Species. Tulisan ini menyajikan pengelolaan sumber daya BCF dengan mengkaji status pemanfaatan, dinamika populasi, biologi dan habitatnya. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil penelitian pada tahun 2011, melalui validasi data di lapangan dan telaah dari hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil tangkapan BCF relatif tinggi pada kisaran tahun 1999 – 2007, mencapai 1,4 juta ekor pada tahun 2000, kemudian menurun drastis pada tahun 2008 – 2010, hanya berkisar 250.000 – 350.000 ekor/tahun. Upaya pengelolaan BCF telah dilakukan sejak tahun 2005, baik oleh pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, maupun melalui kearifan lokal yang ada. Implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan BCF di perairan Kepulauan Banggai berdasarkan kajian hasil penelitian adalah jumlah kuota BCF yang boleh ditangkap sebanyak 220.615 ekor/tahun dengan ukuran minimal 4,8 cm (FL) dan tidak dalam kondisi mengerami telurnya. Mengingat umur dari BCF berkisar antara 2-4 tahun, maka kuota dapat diberlakukan selama jangka waktu 3 tahun. Monitoring data hasil tangkapan BCF melalui kegiatan enumerasi harus tetap dilanjutkan sebagai bahan evalusi status stok sumberdaya tersebut.

Banggai cardinal fish (BCF) is an endemic tropical ornamental fish that only inhabits naturally in the Banggai Islands. The impact of fishing pressure on the BCF population is quite significant, i.e. overfishing is occurring in almost all fishing areas. BCF is listed in the IUCN Red List as Threatened Species group. This paper presents the fisheries management for BCF by assessing the status of its utilization, population dynamic, biology and habitat. The data analyzed in this paper were conducted in 2011, through data validation in the field and review on some previous studies. The catch production of BCF was relatively high between 1999 and 2007, reached 1.4 million fish in 2000, followed by a significant decrease from 250.000 in 2008 to 350.000 in 2010. Fisheries management measures for BCF have been initiated since 2005, either by central or local governments, or the available local wisdom. The results of study recommend catch quota for BCF, that maintain the sustainability of the fish stock, is 220.615 fish/year, with the minimum size is 4.8 cm FL and not in the condition of incubating eggs. Since the age of BCF is between 2-4 years old, the recommendation could be implemented for 3 years, and data monitoring through enumeration could be continued for evaluation of its stock status.
Editorial: Teaching Social and Behavioural Sciences in Medical Education
Authors: Harden Jeni , Kendall Kathleen , MacBride-Stewart Sara
Published: October 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Not applicable.
Twelve Tips for ‘Clinical Tweeting’ – Teaching and learning a concise way of presenting clinical information
Authors: Patel Lopa , Jaffe Wayne
Published: October 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Tweeting is a social media concept familiar to most surgical trainees; succinct communication through limited characters. Most clinicians find presenting clinical information this way difficult however it helps develop prioritisation of information and key viva skills for examinations. Aims: We aim to teach trainees to use the tweet model to flourish in clinical communication and to aid in exam success. Methods: Our article highlights our experience of this method. Results: Our 12 tips help the clinician to prioritise, summate and efficiently verbally communicate key information in the context of discussing a referral or presenting examination findings. The first six steps explain how to 'tweet' and the last six steps outline how to teach the skill. Conclusions: By using the tips provided clinicians will develop good communication skills. Furthermore these tips can be used as a good teaching tool for the development of undergraduate and postgraduate skills.
Espectro polínico de mel de tiúba (Melipona fasciculata Smith, 1854, Hymenoptera, Apidae)
Authors: Martins Adriana Cecília Lima , Rêgo Márcia Maria Corrêa , Carreira Léa Maria Medeiros , Albuquerque Patricia Maia Correia de
Published: October 2016

O espectro polínico do mel de Melipona fasciculata Smith foi analisado com o objetivo de identificar os recursos nectaríferos utilizados por essa espécie. A identificação das plantas visitadas foi realizada com base na análise dos tipos polínicos encontrados em 12 amostras de mel coletadas, mensalmente, em uma colônia localizada no município de Palmeirândia, na área da Baixada Ocidental Maranhense (02º40'47,6S, 44º52'39,8"W), Brasil. As análises quantitativas e qualitativas foram realizadas com o objetivo de determinar as porcentagens e classes de frequência dos tipos polínicos presentes nas amostras de mel. Foram encontrados 45 tipos polínicos, sendo Pontederia parviflora Alexander (Pontederiaceae), espécie mais frequente em todo o período de amostragem (38,6%), pólen dominante em Outubro (86%), Junho (85%), Julho (76%), Agosto (49%) e Setembro (51%) e pólen acessório em Dezembro, Janeiro e Março. Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth (Mimosaceae) foi a segunda espécie mais frequente (22,8%) sendo pólen dominante em Novembro (46%), Abril (74%) e Maio (72%). Myrcia eximia DC (Myrtaceae) foi considerada pólen isolado importante. As famílias mais representativas no espectro polínico das amostras de mel foram Pontederiaceae e Mimosaceae. 50% dos méis foram biflorais, havendo também méis monoflorais (41,7%) e heteroflorais (8,3%).
FRENECTOMIA LINGUAL EM BEBÊ: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Silva Palloma Inácio , Vilela Joana Estela Rezende , Rank Rise C. Iuata Costa , Rank Marcos Sampaio
Published: October 2016

INTRODUÇÃO: O freio lingual é composto por tecido conjuntivo rico em fi bras colágenas, elásticas e musculares, vasos sanguíneos e células gordurosas, coberto por epitélio pavimentoso estratifi cado, mas quando este se insere na parte anteroposterior do rebordo gengival ou no assoalho da boca e ponta da língua, esta anomalia é chamada de anquiloglossia. Este ponto de inserção é um fator determinante para a elasticidade e mobilidade da língua, que pode limitar as funções de sucção, mastigação, deglutição e até a produção dos sons. OBJETIVO: Descrever um relato de caso de frenectomia em bebê com 4 meses de idade com difi culdade de amamentação, atendida na Clínica Odontológica Universitária, diagnosticada com o “Teste da linguinha” no Projeto de extensão de Atendimento Odontológico Precoce. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: A criança apresentava freio lingual curto e espesso, optando-se pela realização da frenectomia lingual. CONCLUSÃO: A frenectomia reduziu a dor da mãe no aleitamento materno, melhorou a amamentação e a deglutição da criança, o que promoveu uma importante medida preventiva para evitar intercorrências futuras devido às disfunções da língua.