bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Nitroarenes with Corey–Chaykovsky Reagents
Authors: Barbasiewicz Michał , Antoniak Damian
Published: August 2022

Electrophilic and nucleophilic substitutions of aromatic substrates share common mechanistic pathways. In both scenarios reacting species attack rings at the unsubstituted (C–H) positions, giving cationic Wheland intermediates or anionic Meisenheimer complexes. However, the following step of rearomatization breaks the intrinsic symmetry, due to different leaving group ability of proton and hydride anion, respectively. In effect, electron-deficient arenes are prone to transformations unparalleled in electrophilic chemistry. In our article, we present transformations of anionic σH-adducts, formed between nitroarenes and carbanions of the Corey–Chaykovsky reagents. Depending on structure of the substrates and reaction conditions, the intermediates undergo cyclization to cyclopropanes (norcaradienes) or base-induced elimination to the alkylated products. Mechanistic studies reveal that order of the carbanions controls competition between the processes, due to steric hindrance developing at the β-elimination step.

1 Introduction

2 Cyclopropanation of Nitronaphthalenes

3 Alkylation of Nitropyridines

4 Mechanistic Studies

5 Summary and Outlook
Transventricular Endoscopic Approach for Cystic Craniopharyngioma: Case Series
Authors: Kulkarni Akshay , Konar Subhas , Shukla Dhaval , Sadashiva Nishanth , Devi Bhagavatula Indira
Published: August 2022

Background and Study Aims The treatment of craniopharyngioma is varied. The treatment ranges from radical excision to direct radiotherapy. As the morbidity of excision is high, more conservative approaches are used. Transventricular endoscopy is a minimally invasive treatment for cystic craniopharyngiomas. The objective of this study is to describe a personal experience with this method of treatment.

Material and Methods This is a retrospective review of a series of patients managed with endoscopic catheter and reservoir placement for cystic craniopharyngiomas.

Results Twenty-nine patients presented with clinical features of raised intracranial features. Imaging showed a predominantly cystic craniopharyngioma extending into the third ventricle with hydrocephalus. All patients underwent transcortical transventricular endoscopic biopsy, and catheter placement connected to a reservoir. There was no morbidity ascribed to the endoscopic procedure when fenestration and aspiration or fenestration and reservoir were placed. Twelve patients underwent radiotherapy. The median duration of follow-up was 18 months (3–72 months). Eight (27.5%) cases had recurrences. Five (17.2%) could be managed with only reaspiration, two (6.8%) required craniotomy and resection, and one (3.4%) could be managed only with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Conclusion The neuroendoscopic fenestration, aspiration of cyst, and placement of catheter reservoir followed by radiation is an optional treatment for predominantly cystic craniopharyngiomas arising within or extending into the third ventricle causing hydrocephalus.
Metal–Organic Framework Derived Cobalt Oxide Supported Bimetallic Pd/Cu Nanoparticles for Efficient Catalysis of the Sonogashira Reaction under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Yan Shuo
Published: August 2022

A bimetallic Pd/Cu catalyst supported on a metal-organic-framework-derived cobalt oxide was prepared and characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, and ICP-OES analyses. The catalyst promoted the Sonogashira reaction of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes at a low loading of the palladium (0.032 mol%) and copper species (0.012 mol%) to give the corresponding disubstituted alkynes in moderate to good yields. When the catalyst was recovered by using an external magnetic field, its catalytic activity decreased slightly in a second cycle.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Etiologies, Manifestations, and Treatments
Authors: Quencer Keith B.
Published: August 2022

Superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction, whether from benign or malignant causes, results in a variety of symptoms. It is a potential medical emergency when cerebral or laryngeal edema occurs. Endovascular therapy is the treatment of choice for patients in need of emergent relief of symptoms. This article will provide a review of SVC syndrome with a focus on endovascular treatment techniques.
Fractals and resistors run in parallel in the classroom
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: August 2022

Using fractal design to learn about both resistor networks and fractional dimensions
Effect of Reynolds number and blood viscosity models on the left coronary artery with multiple stenoses
Authors: Pandey Rupali , Yadav Pramod Kumar
Published: August 2022

This study aims to identify the significance of different blood viscosity models along with different Reynolds numbers in the simulation of blood flow in a multi-stenosed Left Coronary Artery (LCA) model. Computational fluid dynamics techniques were implemented to derive the hemodynamic outcomes of the diseased three-dimensional Left Coronary Artery (LCA) models comprising of multiple stenoses. The three-dimensional LCA model was reconstructed using the angiographic images of a healthy person, and three viscosity models, i.e., Carreau, Quemada, and Modified Cross, were considered for carrying out blood flow simulation through it. In this work, the behavior of blood velocity was analyzed by increasing the level of blockage in each of the considered blood viscosity model. It is noticed that the increase in velocity is in proportion with the rise in Reynolds number. This study shows that the Quemada model records the maximum velocity magnitude with the other two rheological models for higher Reynolds numbers. In this work, the area-averaged wall shear stress (AAWSS) along the left anterior descending segment between the areas of double stenoses for different Reynolds numbers was also analyzed. Two peaks of AAWSS were seen for all the Reynolds numbers indicating the two sections of constrictions. The obtained highest peak reflects the primary blockage. Also, an emphasis is laid to prefer the Carreau model over the Quemada and Modified Cross model. This work is purely computational based that might be helpful in providing an insightful understanding of blood flow conduct at the diseased stage in the cardiovascular system.
Wavefunction frozen-density embedding with one-dimensional periodicity: Electronic polarization effects from local perturbations
Authors: Wachter-Lehn Martha Tordis , Fink Karin , Höfener Sebastian
Published: August 2022

We report an approach to treat polarization effects in a one-dimensional (1D) environment using frozen-density embedding (FDE), suitable to compute response to electron loss or attachment as occurring in organic semiconductors during charge migration. The present work provides two key developments: (a) Local perturbations are computed avoiding an infinite repetition thereof and (b) a first-order equation-of-motion ansatz is used to compute polarization effects due to electron loss and attachment, ensuring an efficient calculation by avoiding open-shell calculations. In a first step, an unperturbed 1D molecular chain is equilibrated using FDE by translation of the center molecule. In a subsequent second step, long-range contributions are frozen and a local perturbation is introduced in the center subsystem. Freeze–thaw iterations are used to relax the electronic wavefunction of both the center subsystem and subsystems in an active region around the center subsystem, avoiding the need to translate the perturbation. The proposed scheme proves to be very efficient and allows for the calculation of charged tetraazaperopyrenes in 1D chains. Due to its efficiency, the new method is capable of providing wavefunction-based reference data relevant for electronic couplings in complex environments.
An experimental study on the influence of airflow temperature on the different silicone oil droplet breakup regimes
Authors: Qian Lijuan , Wang Yeshan , Chen Zhongli , Zhu Chenlin
Published: August 2022

In industrial environments, droplet deformation and breakup in hot airflow are universal. The effect of airflow temperature (293–473 K) on the breakup of silicone oil droplets in continuous airflow was studied. The breakup morphology, deformation stage, and breakup regime map are discussed in detail by varying the airflow temperature and Weber number in this paper. The results show that the breakup regimes of silicone oil droplets are consistent with water droplets in the Weber number (5 < We < 30) considered in this paper. However, airflow temperature has an obvious effect on droplet breakup modes. The number of nodes generated at the toroidal rim of the silicone droplet is verified to be the same as that of the water droplet, following “the combined Rayleigh–Taylor /aerodynamic drag” mechanism. The rising airflow temperature will increase the droplet cross-stream diameter. The maximum cross-stream diameter relationship for droplet breakup at different temperature airflows is proposed. The liquid bag growth time can accurately describe the droplet breakup characteristics in a hot airflow environment. The correlation equation for the time characteristics is proposed. In addition, the droplet breakup angle is used to describe the space range of droplet breakup. Eventually, special attention is paid to sub-droplets. The airflow temperature has a considerable effect on the sub-droplets. The average number of sub-droplets and the average surface area ratio before and after breakup increased as the airflow temperature increased. However, the number of sub-droplets and surface area increase slowly after the airflow temperature increases to a certain level.
Extended-synaptotagmin 1 engages in unconventional protein secretion mediated via SEC22B+vesicle pathway in liver cancer
Authors: Yamada Kohji , Motohashi Saya , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Tago Naoko , Koizumi Rei , Ono Masaya , Tachibana Toshiaki , Yoshida Ayano , Yoshida Saishu , Shimoda Masayuki , Oka Masahiro , Yoneda Yoshihiro , Yoshida Kiyotsugu
Published: August 2022

Protein secretion in cancer cells defines tumor survival and progression by orchestrating the microenvironment. Studies suggest the occurrence of active secretion of cytosolic proteins in liver cancer and their involvement in tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the identification of extended-synaptotagmin 1 (E-Syt1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound protein, as a key mediator for cytosolic protein secretion at the ER–plasma membrane (PM) contact sites. Cytosolic proteins interacted with E-Syt1 on the ER, and then localized spatially inside SEC22B+vesicles of liver cancer cells. Consequently, SEC22B on the vesicle tethered to the PM via Q-SNAREs (SNAP23, SNX3, and SNX4) for their secretion. Furthermore, inhibiting the interaction of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), a liver cancer-specific secretory cytosolic protein, with E-Syt1 by a PKCδ antibody, decreased in both PKCδ secretion and tumorigenicity. Results reveal the role of ER–PM contact sites in cytosolic protein secretion and provide a basis for ER-targeting therapy for liver cancer.
Study on soft hot embossing process for making microstructures in a cyclo-olefin polymeric (COP) film
Authors: Lee Cheng-Je , Hsu Yu-Hsiang
Published: August 2022

Thermoplastic polymers are the primary materials for fabricating commercial microfluidic devices. Despite many excellent properties, the low thermal conductivity is a common limiting factor in speeding up temperature-dependent biological processes, particularly for polymerase chain reactions. There is a need to develop a fabrication process to create thin-film microfluidic devices that can have a small thermal mass and a short microchannel-to-surface distance. This type of device requires the depth of micropatterns to be very close to the film thickness, which can encounter serious fractures during the demolding process. To overcome this challenge, we develop a soft hot embossing process to create micropatterns in a 188 µm thick cyclo-olefin polymeric (COP) film with a high embossing-depth to film-thickness ratio. The advantage of using a soft master is it can easily be peeled off from the molded film without causing a fracture from micropatterns. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as the soft silicone master, and four different 110 µm high micropatterns are studied, including ribs, grooves, and circular columns and cavities. PDMS masters for creating a 110 µm deep microchannel with different arrays of 70 µm deep microwells are also investigated. The heights of these one-layer and two-layer PDMS masters are 58.8% and 95.7% of the film thickness. Experimental findings show that less than 3% height variation can be achieved using a single-layer PDMS master with a low aspect ratio. For the two-layer micropatterns, it was found that a dense array with a smaller gap between microwells can have a better pattern transfer. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using a soft master to create deep or tall micropatterns in a COP film. The possibility of using a soft hot embossing process to create micropatterns for thin-film microfluidic devices is verified.
Interval-valued data correlation modeling approach for uncertain nonlinear and non-Gaussian process monitoring
Authors: Qiu Suiqing , Li Shaojun
Published: August 2022

Process monitoring is a crucial part of ensuring the safety and quality of industrial production, and fault detection is a particularly critical step. As a departure from the dimensionality reduction strategy commonly used in fault detection methods, this paper aims to create a statistical model by directly extracting complex correlations among variables with nonlinearity and non-Gaussian properties. Uncertainties in measurement data in an actual process can significantly impact the control decision based on a monitoring model, so interval-valued description strategy is introduced to effectively take the uncertainties into account. Moreover, we improved upon the traditional interval-valued data generation method using moving window technology combine the receiver-operator characteristic curve to construct intervals based on sample mean and standard deviation (SD), which makes full use of the data information. This paper proposes a mean-SD interval vine copula (MSIVC) model for complex industrial process fault detection. The high density region and density quantile theory are introduced to determine the control boundary. The process monitoring performance of the MSIVC method is evaluated by a numerical example and the Tennessee-Eastman process. The results show that the proposed model is stable, sensitive to process faults, and yields effective monitoring results.
Automated phosphor thermometry lifetime calibration of multiple phosphors and emission lines to above 1900 K
Authors: Feuk Henrik , Nilsson Sebastian , Richter Mattias
Published: August 2022

A method is specified which enables lifetime calibration of multiple phosphors and emission lines at the same time to temperatures above 1900 K. The experimental setup and algorithm used for data collection and experimental equipment control are described. The phosphors were coated on an alumina oxide disc and the reference temperature was measured using three type B thermocouples. The algorithm automates the data collection process such that no input from an operator is required during operation. The potential systematic error in calibration temperature was evaluated and was less than 1% around 1400 K.
Ferroelectricity induced double-direction conductance modulation in Hf
x
Zr1−x
O2 capacitors
Authors: Chen Bo , Wu Shuhao , Yu Xiaolin , Tang Mingfeng , Zhao Guoqing , Tai Lu , Zhan Xuepeng , Chen Jiezhi
Published: August 2022

The artificial synapses are basic units in the hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing, whose performances should be gradually modulated under external stimuli. The underlying mechanism of the increasing and decreasing device conductance is still unclear in the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 based synapses. In this study, the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 capacitors with different stack orders are fabricated in atomic layer deposition, whose ferroelectric properties are investigated by analyzing the capacitance–voltage and polarization-voltage curves. The enhanced ferroelectricity is found after the rapid thermal annealing treatment for all the TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN, TiN/HfO2-ZrO2/TiN and TiN/ZrO2-HfO2/TiN devices. In the device with poor ferroelectricity, the conductance gradually decreases under both positive and negative identical pulse schemes, which corresponds to the gradual dissolution process of the conductive filaments established in the initial pulse. For the capacitors with strong ferroelectricity, dual-direction conductance modulation can be observed due to the partial domain switching process, which can emulate the potentiation and depression process of biological synapses.
The role of point defects related with carbon impurity on the kink of log J–V in GaN-on-Si epitaxial layers
Authors: Song Chunyan , Liao Hui , Yang Ningxuan , Wang Rui , Tang Guanghui , Cao Weicheng
Published: August 2022

Carbon impurity as point defects makes key impact on the leakage in GaN-on-Si structures. GaN-based epitaxial layers with different point defects by changing carbon-doped concentration were used to investigate the point defects behavior. It was found that leakage mechanisms correspond with space-charge-limited current models at low voltages, and after 1st kink, electron injection from silicon to GaN and PF conduction play a key role in the leakage of both point defects case with low carbon and high carbon doped. In addition, high carbon in GaN-on-Si epitaxial layers obtained lower leakage and larger breakdown voltage. The slope of log J–V has two kinks and effective energy barrier E
a has two peaks, 0.4247 eV at about 300 V and 0.3485 eV at about 900 V, respectively, which is related to accepted states and donor states related with carbon impurity. While the slope of log J–V has one kink and effective energy barrier E
a has one peak, 0.4794 eV at about 400 V of low carbon in GaN-on-Si epitaxial layers, indicating only field-induced accepted ionized makes impact on leakage. The comparative results of more donor trap density in high carbon indicate point defects related with carbon impurity play a key role in the kinks of log J–V slope.
Collective excitations in jammed states: ultrafast defect propagation and finite-size scaling
Authors: Antonov Alexander P , Voráč David , Ryabov Artem , Maass Philipp
Published: August 2022

In crowded systems, particle currents can be mediated by propagating collective excitations which are generated as rare events, are localized, and have a finite lifetime. The theoretical description of such excitations is hampered by the problem of identifying complex many-particle transition states, calculation of their free energies, and the evaluation of propagation mechanisms and velocities. Here we show that these problems can be tackled for a highly jammed system of hard spheres in a periodic potential. We derive generation rates of collective excitations, their anomalously high velocities, and explain the occurrence of an apparent jamming transition and its strong dependence on the system size. The particle currents follow a scaling behavior, where for small systems the current is proportional to the generation rate and for large systems given by the geometric mean of the generation rate and velocity. Our theoretical approach is widely applicable to dense nonequilibrium systems in confined geometries. It provides new perspectives for studying dynamics of collective excitations in experiments.
The Analytical Equation of the Three-point Correlation Function of Galaxies: to the Third Order of Density Perturbation
Authors: Wu Shu-Guang , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2022

Applying functional differentiation to the density field with Newtonian gravity, we obtain the static, nonlinear equation of the three-point correlation function ζ of galaxies to the third order density perturbations. We make the equation closed and perform renormalization of the mass and the Jeans wavenumber. Using the boundary condition inferred from observations, we obtain the third order solution ζ(r, u, θ) at fixed u = 2, which is positive, exhibits a U-shape along the angle θ, and decreases monotonously along the radial r up to the range r ≤ 30 h
−1 Mpc in our computation. The corresponding reduced Q(r, u, θ) deviates from 1 of the Gaussian case, has a deeper U-shape along θ, and varies non-monotonously along r. The third order solution agrees with the SDSS data of galaxies, quite close to the previous second order solution, especially at large scales. This indicates that the equations of correlation functions with increasing orders of density perturbation provide a stable description of the nonlinear galaxy system.
An in-silico analysis of retinal electric field distribution induced by different electrode design of trans-corneal electrical stimulation
Authors: Lu Zhuofan , Zhou Meixuan , Guo Tianruo , Liang Junling , Wu Weilei , Gao Qi , Li Liming , Li Heng , Chai Xinyu
Published: August 2022

Objective. Trans-corneal electrical stimulation (TcES) produces therapeutic effects on many ophthalmic diseases non-invasively. Existing clinical TcES devices use largely variable design of electrode distribution and stimulation parameters. Better understanding of how electrode configuration paradigms and stimulation parameters influence the electric field distribution on the retina, will be beneficial to the design of next-generation TcES devices. Approach. In this study, we constructed a realistic finite element human head model with fine eyeball structure. Commonly used DTL-Plus and ERG-Jet electrodes were simulated. We then conducted in silico investigations of retina observation surface (ROS) electric field distributions induced by different return electrode configuration paradigms and different stimulus intensities. Main results. Our results suggested that the ROS electric field distribution could be modulated by re-designing TcES electrode settings and stimulus parameters. Under far return location paradigms, either DTL-Plus or ERG-Jet approach could induce almost identical ROS electric field distribution regardless where the far return was located. However, compared with the ERG-Jet mode, DTL-Plus stimulation induced stronger nasal lateralization. In contrast, ERG-Jet stimulation induced relatively stronger temporal lateralization. The ROS lateralization can be further tweaked by changing the DTL-Plus electrode length. Significance. These results may contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of DTL-Plus and ERG-Jet electrodes based electric field distribution on the retina, providing practical implications for the therapeutic application of TcES.
Vertex finding in neutrino-nucleus interaction: a model architecture comparison
Authors: Akbar F. , Ghosh A. , Young S. , Akhter S. , Ahmad Dar Z. , Ansari V. , Ascencio M.V. , Sajjad Athar M. , Bodek A. , Bonilla J.L. , Bravar A. , Budd H. , Caceres G. , Cai T. , Carneiro M.F. , Díaz G.A. , Felix J. , Fields L. , Filkins A. , Fine R. , Gaur P.K. , Gran R. , Harris D.A. , Jena D. , Jena S. , Kleykamp J. , Klustová A. , Last D. , Lozano A. , Lu X.-G. , Maher E. , Manly S. , Mann W.A. , McFarland K.S. , Messerly B. , Miller J. , Moreno O. , Morfín J.G. , Nelson J.K. , Nguyen C. , Olivier A. , Paolone V. , Perdue G.N. , Plows K.-J. , Ramírez M.A. , Ruterbories D. , Su H. , Syrotenko V.S. , Waldron A.V. , Yaeggy B. , Zazueta L.
Published: August 2022

We compare different neural network architectures for
machine learning algorithms designed to identify the neutrino
interaction vertex position in the MINERvA detector. The
architectures developed and optimized by hand are compared with the
architectures developed in an automated way using the package
“Multi-node Evolutionary Neural Networks for Deep Learning”
(MENNDL), developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. While the
domain-expert hand-tuned network was the best performer, the
differences were negligible and the auto-generated networks
performed as well. There is always a trade-off between human, and
computer resources for network optimization and this work suggests
that automated optimization, assuming resources are available,
provides a compelling way to save significant expert time.
Hydrogel nanosheets confined 2D rhombic ice: a new platform enhancing chondrogenesis
Authors: Majood Misba , Shakeel Adeeba , Agarwal Aakanksha , Jeevanandham Sampathkumar , Bhattacharya Rohan , Kochhar Dakshi , Singh Aarti , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh , Mohanty Sujata , Mukherjee Monalisa
Published: August 2022

Nanoconfinement within flexible interfaces is a key step towards exploiting confinement effects in several biological and technological systems wherein flexible 2D materials are frequently utilized but are arduous to prepare. Hitherto unreported, the synthesis of 2D hydrogel nanosheets (HNSs) using a template- and catalyst-free process is developed representing a fertile ground for fundamental structure-property investigations. In due course of time, nucleating folds propagating along the edges trigger co-operative deformations of HNS generating regions of nanoconfinement within trapped water islands. These severely constricting surfaces force water molecules to pack within the nanoscale regime of HNS almost parallel to the surface bringing about phase transition into puckered rhombic ice with AA and AB Bernal stacking pattern, which was mostly restricted to molecular dynamics studies so far. Interestingly, under high lateral pressure and spatial inhomogeneity within nanoscale confinement, bilayer rhombic ice structures were formed with an in-plane lattice spacing of 0.31 nm. In this work, a systematic exploration of rhombic ice formation within HNS has been delineated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and its ultrathin morphology was examined using atomic force microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed high porosity while mechanical testing presented young’s modulus of 155 kPa with ∼84% deformation, whereas contact angle suggested high hydrophilicity. The combinations of nanosheets, porosity, nanoconfinement, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength, motivated us to explore their application as a scaffold for cartilage regeneration, by inducing chondrogenesis of human Wharton Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells. HNS promoted the formation of cell aggregates giving higher number of spheroid formation and a marked expression of chondrogenic markers (ColI, ColII, ColX, ACAN and S-100), thereby providing some cues for guiding chondrogenic differentiation.
Advances in operational permafrost monitoring on Svalbard and in Norway
Authors: Isaksen Ketil , Lutz Julia , Sørensen Atle Macdonald , Godøy Øystein , Ferrighi Lara , Eastwood Steinar , Aaboe Signe
Published: August 2022

The cryosphere web portal maintained by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), https://cryo.met.no, provides access to the latest operational data and the current state of sea ice, snow, and permafrost in Norway, the Arctic, and the Antarctic. We present the latest addition to this portal: the operational permafrost monitoring at MET Norway and methods for visualising real-time permafrost temperature data. The latest permafrost temperatures are compared to the climatology generated from the station’s data record, including median, confidence intervals, extremes, and trends. There are additional operational weather stations with extended measurement programs at these locations. The collocated monitoring offers daily updated data for studying and monitoring the current state, trends, and the effects of, e.g. extreme climate events on permafrost temperatures. Ground temperature rates obtained from the long-term records in the warmer permafrost found in Norway are typically 0.1 ∘C–0.2 ∘C per decade. In contrast, in the colder permafrost of the High Arctic on Svalbard, a warming of up to 0.7 ∘C per decade is apparent. The operational monitoring provides information faster than ever before, potentially assisting in the early detection of, e.g. record high active layer thickness and pronounced permafrost temperature increases. It may also become an important cornerstone of early warning systems for natural hazards associated with permafrost warming and degradation. Currently, data are submitted manually to the international Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost and are scheduled for integration with World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) operational services through the WMO Global Cryosphere Watch.
Characteristic functions of 𝑝-adic integral operators
Authors: Etingof Pavel , Kazhdan David
Published: August 2022

Let

P
∈

Q

p

[
x
,
y
]

P\in \Bbb Q_p[x,y]

,

s
∈

C

s\in \Bbb C

with sufficiently large real part, and consider the integral operator
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper A Subscript upper P comma s Baseline f right-parenthesis left-parenthesis y right-parenthesis colon-equal StartFraction 1 Over 1 minus p Superscript negative 1 Baseline EndFraction integral Underscript double-struck upper Z Subscript p Baseline Endscripts StartAbsoluteValue upper P left-parenthesis x comma y right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue Superscript s Baseline f left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis StartAbsoluteValue d x EndAbsoluteValue">

(

A

P
,
s

f
)
(
y
)
≔

1

1
−

p

−
1

∫

Z

p

|

P
(
x
,
y
)

|

s

f
(
x
)

|

d
x

|

\begin{equation*} (A_{P,s}f)(y)≔\frac {1}{1-p^{-1}}\int _{\Bbb Z_p}|P(x,y)|^sf(x) |dx| \end{equation*}

on

L
2

(

Z

p

)

L^2(\Bbb Z_p)

. We show that if

P
P

is homogeneous of degree

d
d

then for each character

χ
\chi

of

Z

p
×

\Bbb Z_p^\times

the characteristic function

det
(
1
−
u

A

P
,
s
,
χ

)

\det (1-uA_{P,s,\chi })

of the restriction

A

P
,
s
,
χ

A_{P,s,\chi }

of

A

P
,
s

A_{P,s}

to the eigenspace

L
2

(

Z

p

)
χ

L^2(\Bbb Z_p)_\chi

is the

q
q

-Wronskian of a set of solutions of a (possibly confluent)

q
q

-hypergeometric equation, where

q
=

p

−
1
−
d
s

q=p^{-1-ds}

. In particular, the nonzero eigenvalues of

A

P
,
s
,
χ

A_{P,s,\chi }

are the reciprocals of the zeros of such

q
q

-Wronskian.
Shuffle algebras, lattice paths and the commuting scheme
Authors: Garbali Alexandr , Zinn-Justin Paul
Published: August 2022

The commutative trigonometric shuffle algebra

A

\mathrm {A}

is a space of symmetric rational functions satisfying certain wheel conditions. We describe a ring isomorphism between

A

\mathrm {A}

and the center of the Hecke algebra using a realization of the elements of

A

\mathrm {A}

as partition functions of coloured lattice paths associated to the

R
R

-matrix of

U

t

1

/

2

(

g
l

^

∞

)

\mathcal U_{t^{1/2}}(\widehat {gl}_{\infty })

. As an application, we compute under certain conditions the Hilbert series of the commuting scheme and identify it with a particular element of the shuffle algebra

A

\mathrm {A}

, thus providing a combinatorial formula for it as a “domain wall” type partition function of coloured lattice paths.
Pseudo-symmetric pairs for Kac-Moody algebras
Authors: Regelskis Vidas , Vlaar Bart
Published: August 2022

Lie algebra involutions and their fixed-point subalgebras give rise to symmetric spaces and real forms of complex Lie algebras, and are well-studied in the context of symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras. In this paper we study a generalization. Namely, we introduce the concept of a pseudo-involution, an automorphism which is only required to act involutively on a stable Cartan subalgebra, and the concept of a pseudo-fixed-point subalgebra, a natural substitute for the fixed-point subalgebra. In the symmetrizable Kac-Moody setting, we give a comprehensive discussion of pseudo-involutions of the second kind, the associated pseudo-fixed-point subalgebras, restricted root systems and Weyl groups, in terms of generalizations of Satake diagrams.
Spatiotemporal analysis of axonal autophagosome–lysosome dynamics reveals limited fusion events and slow maturation
Authors: Cason Sydney E. , Mogre Saurabh S. , Holzbaur Erika L. F. , Koslover Elena F.
Published: August 2022

Autophagosome-lysosome fusion is required to clear cellular waste and maintain neuronal homeostasis. Computational modeling and microscopy elucidate the dynamics of autophagosome-lysosome interaction in axons. Each autophagosome fuses with only a few lysosomes, and autophagosomal maturation is limited by slow kinetics of inner membrane breakdown.
Regulation ofBlos1by IRE1 prevents the accumulation of Huntingtin protein aggregates
Authors: Bae Donghwi , Jones Rachel Elizabeth , Piscopo Katherine M. , Tyagi Mitali , Shepherd Jason D. , Hollien Julie
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate that the regulation of Blos1 by the unfolded protein response prevents the excessive accumulation of Huntingtin, the protein that underlies Huntington’s disease. This pathway involves the macroautophagy-independent degradation of Huntingtin prior to its forming large aggregates.
Multiple hospital organisational factors are associated with adverse patient outcomes post-hip fracture in England and Wales: the REDUCE record-linkage cohort study
Authors: Patel Rita , Judge Andrew , Johansen Antony , Marques Elsa M R , Griffin Jill , Bradshaw Marianne , Drew Sarah , Whale Katie , Chesser Tim , Griffin Xavier L , Javaid Muhammad K , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Gregson Celia L
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Despite established standards and guidelines, substantial variation remains in the delivery of hip fracture care across the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine which hospital-level organisational factors predict adverse patient outcomes in the months following hip fracture.

Methods

We examined a national record-linkage cohort of 178,757 patients aged ≥60 years who sustained a hip fracture in England and Wales in 2016–19. Patient-level hospital admissions datasets, National Hip Fracture Database and mortality data were linked to metrics from 18 hospital-level organisational-level audits and reports. Multilevel models identified organisational factors, independent of patient case-mix, associated with three patient outcomes: length of hospital stay (LOS), 30-day all-cause mortality and emergency 30-day readmission.

Results

Across hospitals mean LOS ranged from 12 to 41.9 days, mean 30-day mortality from 3.7 to 10.4% and mean readmission rates from 3.7 to 30.3%, overall means were 21.4 days, 7.3% and 15.3%, respectively. In all, 22 organisational factors were independently associated with LOS; e.g. a hospital’s ability to mobilise >90% of patients promptly after surgery predicted a 2-day shorter LOS (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.6). Ten organisational factors were independently associated with 30-day mortality; e.g. discussion of patient experience feedback at clinical governance meetings and provision of prompt surgery to >80% of patients were each associated with 10% lower mortality (95%CI: 5–15%). Nine organisational factors were independently associated with readmissions; e.g. readmissions were 17% lower if hospitals reported how soon community therapy would start after discharge (95%CI: 9–24%).

Conclusions

Receipt of hip fracture care should be reliable and equitable across the country. We have identified multiple, potentially modifiable, organisational factors associated with important patient outcomes following hip fracture.
NDUFS4 promotes tumor progression and predicts prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Cheng Tong , Jiang Boxuan , Xu Manyu , Yuan Chengzhe , Tai Mingliang , Wu Han , Lu Bing , Sun Pingping , Jiang Xiaohui , Zhang Xiaojing
Published: August 2022

Gastric cancer ranked third worldwide in terms of mortality. The immediate priority is to search for new prognosticative or therapeutic targets. This research aims to examine the function of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 (NDUFS4) in the malignant phenotype of gastric carcinoma. We analyzed the correlation between NDUFS4 expression and gastric cancer via bioinformatics analysis and cancer tissue microarray via immunohistochemistry. Also, we detected the phenotype change in gastric cancer cells after NDUFS4 was downregulated. NDUFS4's high expression in gastric cancer tissues showed an association with terminal TNM stage and unfavorable survival. Furthermore, downregulation of NDUFS4 decreased gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Nude mouse models revealed that NDUFS4 promotes tumor growth. This investigation highlights the prognostic role of NDUFS4 in gastric cancer. Our results also creatively ascertained NDUFS4 as a candidate for gastric cancer therapeutic targets.
Favipiravir in Patients With Early Mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Golan Yoav , Campos Jesus Abraham Simon , Woolson Rob , Cilla Donald , Hanabergh Rodolfo , Gonzales-Rojas Yaneicy , Lopez Reynaldo , Finberg Robert , Balboni Armand
Published: August 2022

Background

Despite vaccination, many remain vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications. Oral antivirals to prevent COVID-19 progression are vital. Based on perceived potency and clinical efficacy, favipiravir is widely used to treat COVID-19. Evidence from large randomized controlled trials (RCT) is lacking.

Methods

In this multicenter double-blinded placebo-controlled RCT, adults with early mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were 1:1 randomized to favipiravir or placebo. The study evaluated time to sustained clinical recovery (TT-SCR), COVID-19 progression, and cessation of viral shedding.

Results

Of 1187 analyzed patients across 40 centers, 83.3% were Hispanic, 89.0% unvaccinated, 70.3% severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seronegative, and 77.8% had risk factors for COVID-19 progression. The median time from symptom presentation and from positive test to randomization was 3 and 2 days, respectively. There was no difference in TT-SCR (median of 7 days for both groups; P = .80), COVID-19 progression [11 patients each (1.9% vs 1.8%); P = .96], time to undetectable virus (median = 6 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] [6–8] vs 7 days, 95% CI [6-9]), or in undetectable virus by end of therapy (73.4% vs 72.3%; P = .94). Outcomes were consistent across the analyzed sub-groups. Adverse events were observed in 13.8% and 14.8% of favipiravir-treated and placebo-treated subjects, respectively. Uric acid elevation was more frequent among favipiravir-treated subjects (19.9% vs 2.8%).

Conclusions

Favipiravir was well tolerated but lacked efficacy in TT-SCR, progression to severe COVID-19, or cessation of viral shedding and should not be used to treat patients with COVID-19. (Supported by Appili Therapeutics)

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT04600895
A Systematic Review of Quality Dementia Clinical Guidelines for the Development of WHO’s Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation
Authors: Jeon Yun-Hee , Krein Luisa , O’Connor Claire M C , Mowszowski Loren , Duffy Shantel , Seeher Katrin , Rauch Alexandra
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives

As part of the WHO Rehabilitation 2030 call for action, the WHO Rehabilitation Programme is developing its Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation (PIR) to support ministries of health around the globe in integrating rehabilitation services into health systems. As a vital step for this PIR development, we conducted a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for dementia to identify interventions for rehabilitation and related evidence.

Research Design and Methods

Following WHO Rehabilitation Programme and Cochrane Rehabilitation’s methodology, quality CPGs published in English between January 2010 and March 2020 were identified using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, Google Scholar, guideline databases, and professional society websites. Guideline quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (II).

Results

Of the 22 CPGs that met the selection criteria, 6 satisfied the quality evaluation. Three hundred and thirty rehabilitation-related recommendations were identified, mostly concentrated in the areas of cognition, emotion, and carer support. There were many strong interventions, with moderate- to high-quality evidence that could be easily introduced in routine practice. However, major limitations were found both in the quality of evidence and scope, especially in areas such as education and vocation, community and social life, and lifestyle modifications.

Discussion and Implications

Further rigorous research is needed to build quality evidence in dementia rehabilitation in general, and especially in neglected areas for rehabilitation. Future work should also focus on the development of CPGs for dementia rehabilitation. A multipronged approach is needed to achieve Universal Health Coverage for dementia rehabilitation.
The Role of Contextual Factors in the Health Care Utilization of Aging LGBT Adults
Authors: Kittle Krystal R , Boerner Kathrin , Kim Kyungmin , Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen I
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives

Research suggests lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations have unique health care challenges. The purpose of this study was to understand contextual factors, including minority stress and social resources, associated with the health care utilization of LGBT middle-aged and older adults.

Research Design and Methods

Using data from the Caring and Aging With Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (N = 2,560), multiple logistic regression investigated associations between minority stress (i.e., internalized stigma and LGBT identity disclosure) and health care utilization (i.e., health screenings, emergency room use, routine checkups, and regular provider). We also examined the moderating effect of social resources (i.e., social network size, social support, and LGBT community belonging) in these associations.

Results

Internalized stigma was negatively associated with having a routine checkup in the previous year. LGBT identity disclosure was positively associated with having a health screening within the past 3 years. Social support moderated the association between LGBT identity disclosure and health screenings.

Discussion and Implications

Health and human service professionals and their clients should be educated about the ways that LGBT identity disclosure can affect health care utilization. Providers should consistently assess the social support of their aging LGBT clients and inform them about the potential risk of low social support in health care utilization.
Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Foster the Adoption of a New Dementia Education Game During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hung Lillian , Mann Jim , Upreti Mona
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 challenged educators to move staff education online and explore innovative ways to motivate learning to support dementia care for patients in geriatric settings. This article presents how the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to support the adoption of an online dementia education game in Canadian hospitals and long-term care homes (LTC). The dementia education was codeveloped with local staff and patient partners to teach practical person-centered care communication techniques.

Research Design and Methods

CFIR guided our strategy development for overcoming barriers to implementation. Research meetings were conducted with practice leaders, frontline health care workers, and a patient partner. Our analysis examined 4 interactive domains: intervention, inner context, outer settings, and individuals involved and implementation process.

Results

Our analysis identified 5 effective strategies: Easy access, Give extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, Apply implementation science theory, Multiple tools, and Engagement of champion. The CFIR provided a systematic process, a comprehensive understanding of barriers, and possible enabling strategies to implement gamified dementia education. Interdisciplinary staff (n = 3,025) in 10 hospitals and 10 LTC played online games. The evaluation showed positive outcomes in knowledge improvement in person-centered dementia care.

Discussion and Implications

Gamified education in dementia care offers a social experience and a component of fun to promote adoption. In addition, CFIR is useful for engaging stakeholders to conduct project planning and team reflection for implementation. The real-time discussion and adjustment helped overcome challenges and timely meet the needs of multiple organizations.
Analysis of CF patient survival confirms STAT3 as a CF-modifying gene with changing impact over time
Authors: Dunsche Inga , Raddatz Ellen L , Ismer Haide , Hedtfeld Silke , Tamm Stephanie , Moser Saskia , Kontsendorn Julia , Tümmler Burkhard , Janciauskiene Sabina , Dittrich Anna-Maria , Stanke Frauke
Published: August 2022

Introduction and aim

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been identified as one of the cystic fibrosis (CF) modifying genes. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between STAT3 genotype and CF patient survival over several decades and to investigate the effect of STAT3 inhibition on epithelial CFTR expression.

Methods

We analyzed the informative genetic marker STAT3Sat for its association with survival in 174 p.Phe508del-CFTR homozygous CF patients treated at the CF center in Hannover spanning birth cohorts from >3 decades (1959–1994). Furthermore, we treated two epithelial cell lines with STAT3 inhibitors and monitored changes of CFTR protein expression by western blot.

Results

Only for p.Phe508del-CFTR homozygous patients born prior to 1975, survival was significantly influenced by STAT3sat genotype (P = 0.023). The expression levels of STAT3 and CFTR positively correlated in epithelial cell lines (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Our results in different birth cohorts identified a time-dependent impact of STAT3 genotype on CF patients’ survival and found that improved symptomatic treatment of later-born CF patients obviates STAT3’s modifying influence. Consistent with our previous results, STAT3-specific inhibition resulted in increased CFTR expression in the epithelial cell line 16HBE14o-. Thus, care should be taken when CF-modifying genes are studied in cross-sectional cohorts as the impact of modifying genes might not be invariant in the light of changing therapeutic regimens.
On the Composition of Two Spherical Twists
Authors: Barbacovi Federico
Published: August 2022

Segal [17] proved that any autoequivalence of an enhanced triangulated category can be realised as a spherical twist. However, when exhibiting an autoequivalence as a spherical twist one has various choices for the source category of the spherical functor. We describe a construction that realises the composition of two spherical twists as the twist around a single spherical functor whose source category semi-orthogonally decomposes into the source categories for the spherical functors we started with. We give a description of the cotwist for this spherical functor and prove, in the special case when our starting twists are around spherical objects, that the cotwist is the Serre functor (up to a shift). We finish with an explicit treatment for the case of $\mathbb {P}$-objects.