bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O nudge na prática: algumas aplicações do paternalismo libertário às políticas públicas.
Authors: Ramiro Thomas , Fernandez Ramon Garcia
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar e problematizar o paternalismo libertário nos termos de suas características e exemplos recorrentes. Esta visão política, aparentemente contraditória, pois alia aspectos do paternalismo sem limitar a liberdade do indivíduo, surgiu, por sua vez, de acordo com os estudos dos chamados nudges e da arquitetura de escolha, traçados no âmbito da economia comportamental. Dessa maneira, faz-se importante abordar também esta vertente econômica, uma vez que, crítica ao modelo axiomático de indivíduo racional, presente na abordagem econômica neoclássica, reforçou os estudos referentes à racionalidade limitada, algo que também possui consequências no campo de políticas públicas, principalmente perante a formulação e resultados esperados de uma política. Sendo assim, é necessário abordar e investigar estas novas visões e ferramentas, mas também problematizá-las, de modo a indicar seu devido alcance e suas possíveis falhas.
A demanda por previdência privada no Brasil: uma análise empírica
Authors: Costa Patrícia Romualdo , Soares Thiago Costa
Published: December 2017

A expectativa de vida do brasileiro aumentou nos últimos anos e a necessidade de manter o padrão de consumo vem expandindo o número de investimentos em fundos de pensão privados. Com efeito, entender melhor os atributos que impulsionam a demanda por esse produto é condição necessária para planejar o segmento. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os determinantes socioeconômicos da escolha individual em investir na previdência privada no Brasil. Para tanto, ajustou-se uma regressão logística a dados da PNAD 2011. Os resultados revelam, como esperado, que a renda, a escolaridade e a idade influenciam positivamente a probabilidade de aquisição do produto. Além dessas variáveis, constatou-se também que homens e residentes da região sudeste apresentam maiores chances de investir nesse fundo. Evidentemente, concluiu-se que os gestores, públicos e privados, devem planejar o futuro da previdência levando em consideração a tendência de crescimento da renda e escolaridade do brasileiro, bem como o envelhecimento da população.
Desigualdades de esforço fiscal no imposto de renda das Pessoas Físicas
Authors: Catarino João Ricardo , Moraes Soares Ricardo
Published: December 2017

Os sistemas tributários endossam a ideia da justiça na repartição do imposto e na diminuição das desigualdades na distribuição da riqueza pelo imposto de renda. Várias pesquisas defendem que a política tributária deve realizar uma redistribuição da renda mais justa, compatível com a ideia de justiça social, a equidade, a igualdade e a progressividade do imposto. Esta pesquisa demonstra que essa repartição do esforço fiscal no imposto de renda português não é justa nem atende aos níveis de renda. E que as desigualdades se têm agravado. As conclusões evidenciam tendências verificáveis eventualmente noutros países, nomeadamente no Brasil.
High-resolution inversion of methane emissions in the Southeast US using SEAC4RS aircraft observations of atmospheric methane:
anthropogenic and wetland sources
Authors: Sheng Jian-Xiong , Jacob Daniel J. , Turner Alexander J. , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Bloom A. Anthony , Andrews Arlyn E. , Wunch Debra
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We use observations of boundary layer methane from the SEAC4RS aircraft campaign over the Southeast US in August–September 2013 to estimate methane emissions in that region through an inverse analysis with up to 0.25 ° x 0.3125 ° (25 x 25 km2) resolution and with full error characterization. The Southeast US accounts for about half of total US anthropogenic emissions according to the gridded EPA national inventory and also has extensive wetlands. Our inversion uses state-of-science emission inventories as prior estimates, including a gridded version of the anthropogenic EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory and the mean of the WetCHARTs ensemble for wetlands. Inversion results are independently verified by comparison with surface (NOAA/ESRL) and column (TCCON) methane observations. Our posterior estimates for the Southeast US are 12.8 ± 0.9 Tg a−1 for anthropogenic sources (no significant change from the gridded EPA inventory) and 9.4 ± 0.8 Tg a−1 for wetlands (27 % decrease from the mean in the WetCHARTs ensemble). The largest source of error in the WetCHARTs wetlands ensemble is the landcover map specification of wetland areal extent. We find no regional bias in the anthropogenic EPA inventory, including for different source sectors, in contrast with previous inverse analyses that found the EPA inventory to be too low at national scales. These previous inversions relied on prior anthropogenic source patterns from the EDGAR v4.2 inventory that have considerable error, and also assumed low wetland emissions. Despite the regional-scale consistency, we find significant local errors in the EPA inventory for oil/gas production fields, suggesting that emission factors are more variable than assumed in the inventory.
Characterization of atmospheric bioaerosols along the transport pathway of Asian dust during the Dust-Bioaerosol 2016 Campaign
Authors: Tang Kai , Huang Zhongwei , Huang Jianping , Maki Teruya , Zhang Shuang , Ma Xiaojun , Shi Jinsen , Bi Jianrong , Zhou Tian , Wang Guoyin , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that bioaerosols are injected into the atmosphere during dust events. These bioaerosols may affect leeward ecosystems, human health and agricultural productivity and may even induce climate change. However, bioaerosol dynamics have rarely been investigated along the transport pathway of Asian dust, especially in China, where dust events affect huge areas and massive numbers of people. Given this situation, the Dust-Bioaerosol (DuBi) Campaign was carried out over northern China, and the effects of dust events on the amount and diversity of bioaerosols were investigated. The results indicate that the number of bacteria showed remarkable increases during the dust events, and the diversity of the bacterial communities also increased significantly, as determined by means of microscopic observations with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and MiSeq sequencing analysis. These results indicate that dust clouds can carry many bacteria of various types into downwind regions and may have potentially important impacts on ecological environments and climate change. The abundances of DAPI-stained bacteria in the dust samples were one to two orders of magnitude greater than those in the non-dust samples and reached 105 ~ 106 particles m−3. Moreover, the charge capacity of yellow fluorescent particles associated with the DAPI-stained bacteria increased from 5.1 % ± 6.3 % (non-dust samples) to 9.8 % ± 6.3 % (dust samples). A beta diversity analysis of the bacterial communities demonstrated the distinct clustering of separate prokaryotic communities in the dust and non-dust samples. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria remained the dominant phyla in all samples. As for Erenhot, the relative amounts of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi have a remarkable rise in dust events. Alphaproteobacteria made the major contribution of the increasing relative amounts of the phylum proteobacteria in all dust samples. In the future, the viability and activity of airborne microbes, the interactions between bioaerosols and other gaseous and solid components in the air, and the effects of bioaerosols on animals and plants, ecological environments and the climate system must be studied in depth to help us understand the behavior of bioaerosols in the air and dust clouds in greater detail.
Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on European tropospheric composition:
an observational and modelling study
Authors: Pope Richard J. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Arnold Stephen R. , Glatthor Norbert , Feng Wuhu , Dhomse Sandip S. , Kerridge Brian J. , Latter Barry G. , Siddans Richard
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We have used satellite observations and a simulation from the TOMCAT chemistry transport model (CTM) to investigate the influence of the well-known winter-time North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on European tropospheric composition. Under the positive phase of the NAO (NAO+), strong westerlies tend to enhance transport of European pollution (e.g. nitrogen oxides, NOx, carbon monoxide, CO) away from anthropogenic source regions. In contrast, during the negative phase of the NAO (NAO−), more stable meteorological conditions lead to a build up of pollutants over these regions, relative to the winter-time average pollution levels. However, the secondary pollutant ozone shows the opposite signal of larger values during NAO+. NAO+ introduces Atlantic ozone-enriched air into Europe while under NAO− westerly transport of ozone is reduced yielding lower values over Europe. Furthermore, ozone concentrations are also decreased by chemical loss through the reaction with accumulated primary pollutants such as nitric oxide (NO) in NAO−. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) peaks over Iceland/Southern Greenland in NAO−, between 200–100 hPa, consistent with the trapping by an anticyclone at this altitude. Model simulations show enhanced PAN over Iceland/Southern Greenland in NAO− is associated with vertical transport of polluted air from the troposphere into the UTLS. Overall, this work shows that NAO circulation patterns are an important governing factor for European winter-time composition and air pollution.
Impact of decadal reversals of the North Ionian circulation on phytoplankton phenology
Authors: Lavigne Héloise , Civitarese Giuseppe , Gacic Miroslav , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In the North Ionian, water circulation is characterized by a decadal alternation of cyclonic and anticyclonic regime driven by the mechanism called BiOS (Bimodal Oscillating System). The circulation regime affects the vertical dynamics and the nutrient distribution. The North Ionian is then a good study area to investigate how changes in circulation can affect phytoplankton dynamics in oligotrophic regions. From in situ observations, for each circulation regime the averaged distribution of isopycnals is provided, and a depth difference of about 80 m is estimated for the nitracline between cyclonic and anticyclonic regime. Based on phytoplankton phenology metrics extracted from annual time-series of satellite ocean color data for the period 1998–2012, the cyclonic and anticyclonic regimes are compared. Results show that the average chlorophyll in March, the date of bloom initiation and the date of maximum chlorophyll were affected by circulation patterns in the North Ionian. In the center of the gyre, bloom initiation occurred in December and chlorophyll was low in March when circulation was anticyclonic, whereas during the cyclonic circulation regime, a late chlorophyll peak, likely resulting from different phytoplankton dynamics, was commonly observed in March. An additional analysis shows that the winter buoyancy losses, which govern the Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) also contribute to explain the interannual variability in bloom initiation and intensity. Two scenarios involving the relative position of the MLD and nitracline are finally developed, discussed and tested with model data to explain the different phenology patterns observed in the North Ionian.
Historical Nitrogen Fertilizer Use in Agricultural Ecosystem of the
Continental United States during 1850–2015: Application rate,
Timing, and Fertilizer Types
Authors: Cao Peiyu , Lu Chaoqun , Yu Zhen
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Tremendous amount of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has been applied to agricultural lands to promote the crop production in the United States since the 1850s. However, inappropriate N management practices caused numerous ecological and environmental problems which are difficult to quantify due to paucity of historically spatially explicit fertilizer use maps. Understanding and assessing N fertilizer management history could provide essential implications for enhancing N use efficiency (NUE) and reducing N loss. In this study, we therefore developed long-term gridded maps depicting crop-specific N fertilizer use rate, timing, and fraction of ammonium N (NH4+-N) and nitrate N (NO3−-N) across the contiguous U.S at a resolution of 5 km × 5 km during 1850–2015. We found that N use rates of the U.S. increased from 0.28 g N m−2 yr−1 in 1940 to 9.54 g N m−2 yr−1 in 2015. Geospatial analysis revealed that the hotspots of N fertilizer use have shifted from the southeastern and eastern U.S. to the Midwest and the Great Plains during the past century. Specifically, corn of the Corn Belt region received the most intensive N input in spring, followed by large N application amount in fall, implying a high N loss risk in this region. Moreover, spatial-temporal fraction of NH4+-N and NO3−-N varied largely among regions. Generally, farmers have increasingly favored NH4+-N form fertilizers over NO3−-N fertilizers since the 1940s. The N fertilizer use data developed in this study could serve as an essential input for modeling communities to fully assess the N addition impacts, and improve N management to alleviate environmental problems. Datasets available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.883585.
Monitoring small reservoirs' storage with satellite remote sensing in inaccessible areas
Authors: Avisse Nicolas , Tilmant Amaury , Müller Marc François , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In river basins with water storage facilities, the availability of regularly updated information on reservoir level and capacity is of paramount importance for the effective management of those systems. However, for the vast majority of reservoirs around the world, storage levels are either not measured or not readily available due to financial, political, or legal considerations. This paper proposes a novel approach using Landsat imagery and digital elevation models (DEMs) to retrieve information on storage variations in any inaccessible region. Unlike existing approaches, the method does not require any in situ measurement and is appropriate for monitoring small, and often undocumented, irrigation reservoirs. It consists of three recovery steps: (i) a 2-D dynamic classification of Landsat spectral band information to quantify the surface area of water, (ii) a statistical correction of DEM data to characterize the topography of each reservoir, and (iii) a 3-D reconstruction algorithm to correct for clouds and Landsat 7 Scan Line Corrector failure. The method is applied to quantify reservoir storage in the Yarmouk basin in southern Syria, where ground monitoring is impeded by the ongoing civil war. It is validated against available in situ measurements in neighbouring Jordanian reservoirs. Coefficients of determination range from 0.69 to 0.84, and the normalized root-mean-square error from 10 to 16 % for storage estimations on six Jordanian reservoirs with maximal water surface areas ranging from 0.59 to 3.79 km2.
Does nonstationarity in rainfall require nonstationary intensity–duration–frequency curves?
Authors: Ganguli Poulomi , Coulibaly Paulin
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In Canada, risk of flooding due to heavy rainfall has risen in recent decades; the most notable recent examples include the July 2013 storm in the Greater Toronto region and the May 2017 flood of the Toronto Islands. We investigate nonstationarity and trends in the short-duration precipitation extremes in selected urbanized locations in Southern Ontario, Canada, and evaluate the potential of nonstationary intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves, which form an input to civil infrastructural design. Despite apparent signals of nonstationarity in precipitation extremes in all locations, the stationary vs. nonstationary models do not exhibit any significant differences in the design storm intensity, especially for short recurrence intervals (up to 10 years). The signatures of nonstationarity in rainfall extremes do not necessarily imply the use of nonstationary IDFs for design considerations. When comparing the proposed IDFs with current design standards, for return periods (10 years or less) typical for urban drainage design, current design standards require an update of up to 7 %, whereas for longer recurrence intervals (50–100 years), ideal for critical civil infrastructural design, updates ranging between  ∼ 2 and 44 % are suggested. We further emphasize that the above findings need re-evaluation in the light of climate change projections since the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation are expected to intensify due to global warming.
What Diplomacy in the Ancient Near East Can Tell Us About Blockchain Technology
Authors: Berg Chris
Published: December 2017

A blockchain is an institutional technology—a protocol—that allows for economic coordination between agents separated by boundaries of possible mistrust. Blockchains are not the only technology in history to have these characteristics. The paper looks at the role of the diplomatic protocol at the very beginning of human civilisation in the ancient near east. These two protocols—diplomatic and blockchain—have significant similarities. They were created to address to similar economic problems using similar mechanisms: a permanent record of past dealings, public and ritualistic verification of transactions, and game-theoretic mechanisms of reciprocity. The development of the diplomatic protocol allowed for the creation of the first international community and facilitated patterns of peaceful trade and exchange. Some questions about a generalised ‘protocol economics’ are drawn.
Percepção de enfermeiros sobre o processo de gestão em um hospital universitário
Authors: Muller Luis Antonio , Soares de Lima Suzinara Beatriz , Eberhardt Thaís Dresch , Portella da Fonseca Graziele , Rabelo Simone Kroll , Fonseca Dienifer Fortes da
Published: December 2017

RESUMOObjetivo: conhecer a percepção de enfermeiros gerentes sobre o processo de gestão na enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um hospital universitário do Sul do Brasil, com seis enfermeiros gerentes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, transcritas e submetidas à Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade Análise Categorial. Resultados: emergiram três categorias << Competências gerenciais e funções do enfermeiro gerente >>, << Gerência compartilhada >> e << Gerenciamento do cuidado >>. Conclusão: os enfermeiros em cargo de gerência de um hospital universitário do Sul do Brasil percebem o processo de gestão sob três principais aspectos: competências gerenciais e funções do enfermeiro gerente, gerência compartilhada e gerenciamento do cuidado. Descritores: Enfermagem; Gestão em Saúde; Supervisão de Enfermagem; Gerenciamento da Prática Profissional; Gerência.ABSTRACT Objective: to know the perception of nurses managers about the management process in nursing. Method: this is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach carried out in a university hospital in the south of Brazil, with six nurses managers. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview, transcribed and then submitted to the Content Analysis Technique in the Categorical Analysis modality. Results: three categories emerged: << Managerial skills and duties of the nurse manager >>, << Shared management >>, << Management of care >>. Conclusion: nurses in the management of a university hospital in the southern Brazil perceive the management process under three main aspects: managerial skills and nursing manager roles, shared management and care management. Descriptors: Nursing; Health Management; Nursing Supervisory; Practice Management; Management.RESUMENObjetivo: conocer la percepción de enfermeros gerentes sobre el proceso de gestión en la enfermería. Método: estudio descriptivo com enfoque cualitativo, realizado en un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil, con seis enfermeros gerentes. Los datos fueron coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, transcritas y a seguir sometidas a la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad Análisis Categorial. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías << Competencias gerenciales y funciones del enfermero gerente >>, << Gerencia compartida >>, << Gerenciamiento de cuidado >>. Conclusión: los enfermeros a cargo de la gerencia de un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil notaron el proceso de gestión sobre tres principales aspectos: competencias gerenciales y funciones del enfermero gerente, gerencia compartida y gerenciamiento del cuidado. Descriptores: Enfermería; Gestión em Salud; Supervisión de Enfermería; Gestión de la Práctica Profesional; Gerencia.
Los foros de la prensa digital dedicados al turismo: organización del texto, unidad argumentativa y dispersión temática
Authors: Ortega Garrido Andrés
Published: December 2017

El uso masivo de los cibermedios en las últimas décadas favorece la transformación de los medios tradicionales de comunicación, incluyendo la creación de nuevas plataformas de expresión, como los foros de la prensa digital, que en muchos casos incluyen secciones dedicadas al turismo. De este modo, el turista digital contribuye mediante su participación en los foros a la configuración de la noticia o reportaje, matizando o enfrentándose a los contenidos ofrecidos por los medios. En este artículo estudiamos las estrategias de organización de los textos que componen los foros, centrándonos en las dificultades que pueden observarse en la coherencia discursiva y en la unidad argumental de los comentarios de un foro.
Hidden premises in an argument by Deng Xi: the action of pragmatics according to the syntactic theories
Authors: López-Astorga Miguel
Published: December 2017

The syntactic theories trying to describe human reasoning, communication, and language often claim that the role played by pragmatics basically consists of providing hidden premises that help one draw conclusions. Obviously, this is a very strong assumption. However, this paper is intended to show that there are arguments used by people that cannot be understood without such premises, and that hence they confirm that assumption. This is done by resorting, as an example, to an argumentation given by the Chinese thinker Deng Xi.
Caracterización clínico y epidemiológica en pacientes con infección por Enterobacteriaceae productoras de B lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), Hospital Escuela Universitario, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, Año 2013
Authors: Pineda-Garcia Lelany , Tzoc Edgardo , Rivera Maria Felix , Herrera Linda , Moncada Marco
Published: December 2017

Antecedentes. La prevalencia de Enterobacteriaceae productoras de B lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) se ha incrementado a nivel mundial aumentado el riesgo de mortalidad en los pacientes infectados con este tipo de bacterias. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínico y epidemiológica en pacientes con infección por Enterobacteriaceae productoras de B lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) en el Hospital Escuela Universitario. Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Año 2013.Metodología: Estudio transversal descriptivo en pacientes con cultivos positivos por Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de BLEE. Los cultivos positivos se identificaron a través de los registros del laboratorio de bacteriología del hospital de junio a agosto del 2013. Las muestras positivas fueron analizadas por medio del método Kirby-Bauer y la prueba comercial E-test para Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (MIC). Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos para obtener la información clínico y epidemiológica. El análisis de la información se realizó en Epi info 7. Resultados: en el periodo se recolectaron 50 muestras de cultivos positivos por E. coli y 49 muestras por K pneumoniae. La media de edad de los pacientes con E. coli fue 33.6 años ± 26.5 1DE y 26.5 años ± 26.4 DE con K. pneumoniae. Las muestras fueron recolectada a los 10.0 días en promedio de hospitalización para los pacientes con E. coli y 21.8 días para los de K. pneumoniae y las diferencias fueron significativas (p=0.02). E. coli presentó resistencia a 9 de los 11 antibióticos, K. pneumoniae a 10 de los 11 antibióticos estudiados y las diferencias fueron significativas (p=0.00002), el tipo de muestra más frecuente donde se aisló E. coli fue de orina (62.0%) y K. pneumoniae solo un 34.7% de orina seguido de hemocultivo (16.3%) y UCI fue donde se aisló el mayor porcentaje de K. pneumoniae en cambio E. coli fue en consulta externa. Conclusiones/ Recomendaciones: los resultados de este estudio muestran la existencia de Enterobacteriaceae BLEE, altamente resistentes, esencialmente a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación y se deben redefinir los esquemas de antibioticoterapia para el mejoramiento de la calidad de atención médica hospitalaria.
Bienestar policial: Una mirada a la salud, a la seguridad ocupacional y a la prevención de los riesgos ocupacionales de los policías en El Salvador
Authors: Coca Muñoz Carlos Alberto , Thomas Argueta María Carolina
Published: December 2017

Poco se escucha y analiza sobre la protección y el cuido del policía en el ámbito laboral. El imaginario colectivo los considera máquinas incansables y les exige una entrega extraordinaria para aniquilar el crimen. Se soslaya la dimensión laboral y personal del policía, se ignora su cansancio y riesgo a perder la vida, sus aspiraciones personales y preocupaciones familiares. Este estudio se ocupa de explorar la labor de la División de Bienestar Policial de la Policía Nacional Civil, específicamente en materia de salud y seguridad ocupacional, para analizar si sus acciones consideran las disposiciones de la Ley General de Prevención de Riesgos en los Lugares de Trabajo y si así se coadyuva a la instauración de entornos laborales sanos. Las premisas son dos: i) el bienestar laboral supone la ejecución de medidas de salud y seguridad ocupacional; ii) la relación directa entre el bienestar laboral de los policías y el desempeño de sus labores.
Tipos de conteúdo e engajamento: um estudo sobre o consumo de fanpages de casas noturnas LGBT
Authors: De Camargo Hertz Wendel , Sabbi Marina De Queiroz , Teixeira Filho Clóvis , Boroski Marcia
Published: December 2017

A conexão ubíqua tem estimulado novas formas de consumo midiático, imersos no contexto de convergência. Soma-se a isso o cenário de consumo direcionado para nichos específicos, como o de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transexuais e Transgêneros (LGBT). O presente artigo, a partir desse panorama, tem como objetivo de analisar como os tipos de conteúdos midiáticos podem influenciar o engajamento em Fanpages das baladas LGBT de Curitiba. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória de casos múltiplos, utilizando também a análise de conteúdo. Como resultados destacam-se a presença de links e metasites como forma de divulgação, acompanhados de imagens e vídeos, que facilitam a compreensão. Além disso, observa-se que a adequação das diferentes mensagens à cultura vivenciada pelo público nas experiências fora da rede estão relacionadas ao engajamento.
O consumo de causas sociais na era da midiatização digital
Authors: Brandini Valéria
Published: December 2017

Este artigo foi desenvolvido a partir dos resultados de pesquisa de pós doutorado realizada na ECA – USP, intitulada “A Era das Causas: O Propósito como Capital de Valor na Publicidade” BRANDINI (2016), onde investigamos pela metodologia de pesquisa em Midiatização desenvolvida por Andreas Hepp (2015), como a internet alterou a relação entre consumidores e marcas e suscitou uma aderência a causas sociais como estratégia de branding. Como resultado, obtivemos os conteúdos trabalhados no presente artigo, abordando como a relação entre marcas e consumidores rearticulou-se sensivelmente a partir do advento da cultura digital e o consumidor passou de receptor passivo da informação (era do broadcast), a produtor ativo na ressignificação dos conteúdos das marcas via internet. Nesse contexto, o protagonismo do consumidor, numa relação onde este também percebe-se como uma marca, fez com que cada vez mais as marcas buscassem novas estratégias de construção de imagem, com uma abordagem mais humanizada, pautada em pressupostos ideológicos e de políticas sociais, para criar formas de engajar este consumidor, cada vez mais critico e exigente, não apenas em termos de produto, mas de idoneidade, transparência e veracidade. Assim, o engajamento em causas – ou a “produção delas” como estratégias de construção de imagem de marca, tornou-se um recurso cada vez mais em voga, contudo, uma estratégia sensível e passível de erros que podem comprometer a imagem da marca que a adota.
Peace, Culture and Communication: “Languaging” Post-conflict Disputes
Authors: Edith Ruth Natukunda-Togboa
Published: December 2017

Language, which is rarely neutral, shapes perception and behavior. Consequently, it plays an important role in relation to conflict and peace. The language of conflict usually functions on the basis of using differences to promote violence. Interviews conducted on land disputes in the post-conflict context of Northern Uganda, showed that language can be used to reduce these differences and affirm dignity thus diffusing tensions. Our preceding studies of conflict discourse within returnee communities have endeavored to show how language use, by imposing certain misrepresentations as legitimate, undermines efforts of social reintegration, perpetuates conditions of negative peace and can pose a threat of returning to conflict.In this study of Gulu elders dealing with post-conflict disputes, language is perceived as a tool of positive peace. Borrowing from the sociocultural theory of mind and its application to concepts of language, the paper shows how language can foster open and inclusive communication and support the pursuit of peaceful cohabitation within returnee communities. It goes on to demonstrate how language, within the cultural institutions of returnee communities, constitutes power that can be used in “languaging” conflict resolution. According to the study, language has embedded within it actual relations of power, so much so that those who control it exercise an enormous influence on how the communities perceive conflict and peace-building and what behaviors they accept in relation to resolving post-conflict disputes.Consequently, the quick revitalization of traditional arrangements of dispute settlement has been possible in the area of Gulu because language is a strong social institution which has enhanced the efforts of peace maintenance in the Acholi post conflict context. Languaging or talking through disputes as an alternative discourse to conflict should be embraced as a strategy of empowering the voiceless. It is an effective and sustainable cost effective strategy for dealing with cyclic disputes especially when applied as complementary to other dispute settlement approaches.
Mobilizing pre-heart-transplant patients with a percutaneously placed axillary-subclavian intraaortic balloon pump: A retrospective study
Authors: Macapagal Frederick R. , Green Lisa , McClellan Emma , Bridges Carrie
Published: December 2017

The intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) is a treatment for end-stage heart failure patients not responsive to pharmacological therapy pre heart transplantation. An alternative approach--the percutaneously placed axillary-subclavian intraaortic balloon pump (PAxIABP) developed by cardiologists in our hospital enable patients to be mobilized while awaiting transplant versus the traditional bedrest in the femoral approach. Our objective is to determine if PAxIABP therapy enable pre-heart-transplant patients to safely mobilize. A retrospective study of pre-heart-transplant PAxIABP patients in the Coronary Intensive Care Unit (CICU) from 2007 to 2013 (n = 45; 35 men, 10 women) was conducted to determine mobility. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables and number (percentage) for categorical variables. Patients were mobilized at 1.39 (± 1.41) days after PAxIABP insertion. The number of times mobilized per day was 1.79 ± 2). Transplant waiting time was 24.98 ± 25.03) days. Thirty-seven patients (82%) were transplanted. Two patients had a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) inserted and later transplanted. Six patients died before receiving a heart transplant, patients were 100% mobile. Complication rates: 4% bleeding; 7% ischemic complications; 2% IABP-related infection. Pre-heart-transplant patients receiving PAxIABP therapy can be safely mobilized. Nursing care protocols were developed to safely take care of this patient population. PAxIABP can be utilized for other procedures requiring long IABP therapy.
A Study of Nurses' Internal, External, and Social Images as Perceived by College Students in South Korea
Authors: Yoon Heun-Keung
Published: December 2017

PURPOSE: This study is a descriptive survey study aiming to examine the internal, external, and social images of nurses as perceived by Korean college students and clarifying the relationship between these images.METHODS: This study was performed using a structured questionnaire from May 2 to 14, 2016. Data were collected from 221 college students and were statistically interpreted using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.RESULTS: The study results are as follows: First, the internal image of nurses was scored at 3.46 points, the external image at 2.78, and the social image at 2.76. Second, a significant positive correlation was found between the internal, external, and social images as well as between the external and social images, implying the importance of both internal and external images of nurses.CONCLUSION: The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference base for devising strategies and measures for the enhancement of internal, external, and social images of nurses for future healthcare consumers.
Transformational Leadership and Innovation: An Empirical Study of Direct and Indirect Effects in HR Consulting Companies
Authors: Akay Esin , Demirel Ayse Gonul
Published: December 2017

This study aims to examine the influence of transformational leadership on organizational innovation through the mediating effect of organizational learning and knowledge management in Turkish HR consulting companies. Sample is selected from small, medium size and large HR consulting companies located in Istanbul. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping is used for data analysis. The research findings indicated that transformational leadership did not directly affect organizational innovation; transformational leadership directly affected organizational learning and knowledge management, and organizational learning directly impacted knowledge management. Besides, knowledge management directly affected organizational innovation, yet organizational learning indirectly influenced organizational innovation. Finally, transformational leadership indirectly influenced organizational innovation through the intervening effect of organizational learning and knowledge management. The results indicated that if managers in Turkish HR consulting companies practice a transformational leadership style by taking into account organizational learning and knowledge management, the chance for successful organizational innovation will highly improve.
STEREOLOGY: A HISTORICAL SURVEY
Authors: Cruz-Orive Luis Manuel
Published: December 2017

Stereology is the science of geometric sampling, with applications to the statistical analysis of microstructures in biology and materials science. Subsidiary disciplines are image analysis, quantitative microscopy, and radiology. This survey is organized chronologically within a series of topics which cover most aspects of stereology. Each topic is described informally to make it accessible to scientists of different disciplines.
HISTORY OF STEREOLOGY
Authors: Gądek-Moszczak Aneta
Published: December 2017

Nowadays it is difficult to list all disciplines where stereology is applied, starting from biology and medicine, through materials science, geology and agriculture, up to military systems, biometry, meteorology, geography, physics, astronomy, sophisticated vision systems and even history or art sciences. The strength of the stereology as a scientific discipline lies in its multidisciplinary character and even now, in the century of the digital revolution, doesn’t become obsolete. Over the last five decades stereology has responded to the challenges of the times. Its creators and enthusiasts have adapted this field of science to the current challenges existing practically everywhere if only an image (formally: section or projection) is a source of information.
It is worth checking old data – validation of Asplenium onopteris L. presence in the most northeastern sites in Europe (Sudetes, SW Poland)
Authors: Szczęśniak Ewa , Gola Edyta M. , Jędrzejczyk Iwona
Published: December 2017

In Poland, isolated serpentine rocks are exclusive habitats of some Asplenium species, reaching here their north or northeastern border range. One of them was Asplenium onopteris, a diploid European species native to Mediterranean and Atlantic areas. Since the nineteenth century, Polish out-of-range sites of A. onopteris have been quoted in literature without critical verification. Thus, to verify occurrence of this species in Poland, we analyzed the nuclear DNA content and micromorphological features as well as critically reviewed the literature data. We proved that all individuals from Polish populations resembling A. onopteris were tetraploids and should be classified as A. adiantum-nigrum. In addition, we validated a taxon silesiacum reported as co-occurring with A. onopteris. The proposed diagnostic features are insufficient to indisputably delimit this taxon, and distinguishing it as a separate unit is not justified. Analyses of the DNA content revealed also the presence of a triploid A. ×centovallense, a new hybrid for Polish flora.
Work Safety and the Duration of Munition Testing
Authors: TERENOWSKI Henryk , KRYSIŃSKI Bogdan
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the aspects of work safety and the standardization of time (duration) that relate to the diagnostic testing of munitions. This paper identifies the sources of hazards during munition disassembly, caused by the physical and chemical processes occurring during the years of service, and the hazards of non-conformities with the standard processing procedures used during the manufacture of the munitions. Munitions, given their intended use, are not usually designed for disassembly. With the manufacturing processes of munitions being monitored at every stage, and the application of proper grades or quality of the materials and components, munitions may retain their combat performance for a very long time following the expiry of their original warranty period. The extended shelf life of munitions (past the original warranty period/shelf life) can be determined with certain tests. The tests, however, require tampering with the internal structure of a munition by disassembling the munition into its component parts in order to allow assessment of the current technical condition and to project the technical fitness for extended service. Disassembly activities are hazardous and require the prior preparation of safe processes, workstations, procedures, and a comprehensive health and safety assurance system. Health and safety assurance in munition testing requires high capital expenditure to acquire sufficient engineering facilities and proper monitoring of all the disassembly activities attempted on munitions. Operator safety has the highest priority in munition disassembly; it is then pointless to regulate the time required for completing the individual disassembly operations.
Zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa informacji oraz rozwiązania IT w zakresie wsparcia produkcji i logistyki w przedsiębiorstwie
Authors: BIELAWSKI Krzysztof , CHMIELIŃSKI Mirosław , PABICH Michał
Published: December 2017

W artykule zaprezentowano zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa informacji w przykładowym przedsiębiorstwie. Rozwój teleinformatyki i globalnego rynku automatyzuje procesy produkcyjne i finansowo-księgowe, umożliwia globalną i szybką komunikację, a nawet pozwala na zawieranie umów między kontrahentami na odległość. Prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej w oparciu o teleinformatyzację oprócz korzyści jednakże niesie za sobą różnego typu zagrożenia. Systemy informatyczne umożliwiają gromadzenie, przetwarzanie i szybkie udostępnianie danych w ramach przedsiębiorstwa, ale dane te mogą też być interesujące dla osób nieuprawnionych, w tym dla konkurencji.
Majoritní ústavní přezkum – dvojitá kontroverze v běhu amerických ústavních dějin?
Authors: Píša Radek
Published: December 2017

Článek se zabývá nejvýznamnějšími představiteli zastávajícími teze majoritního ústavního přezkumu. Tento termín představuje koncepci, podle které ústavní přezkum nepůsobí proti konsolidované demokratické většině a neplní tak úlohu, která je mu vyčleněna v klasické ústavní teorii. Cílem článku je přispět k lepšímu porozumění tohoto pojetí v českém právnickém prostředí.
Operational momentum during ordering operations for size and number in 4-month-old infants
Authors: Macchi Cassia Viola , Bulf Hermann , McCrink Koleen , de Hevia Maria Dolores
Published: December 2017

An Operational Momentum (OM) effect is shown by 9-month-old infants during non-symbolic arithmetic, whereby they overestimate the outcomes to addition problems, and underestimate the outcomes to subtraction problems. Recent evidence has shown that this effect extends to ordering operations for size-based sequences in 12-month-olds. Here we provide evidence that OM occurs for ordering operations involving numerical sequences containing multiple quantity cues, but not size-based sequences, already at 4 months of age. Infants were tested in an ordinal task in which they detected and represented increasing or decreasing variations in physical and/or numerical size, and then responded to ordinal sequences that exhibited greater or lesser sizes/numerosities, thus following or violating the OM generated during habituation. Results showed that OM was absent during size ordering (Experiment 1), but was present when infants ordered arrays of discrete elements varying on numerical and non-numerical dimensions, if both number and continuous magnitudes were available cues to discriminate between with-OM and against-OM sequences during test trials (Experiments 2 vs. 3). The presence of momentum for ordering number only when provided with multiple cues of magnitude changes suggests that OM is a complex phenomenon that blends multiple representations of magnitude early in infancy.
Errors d’edició: dels manuscrits als diccionaris. Exemples de textos mèdics medievals (Hipòcrates, Arnau de Vilanova, Bernat de Gordon, misser Joan)
Authors: Carré Antònia
Published: December 2017

The commonly used Catalan lexicons (DCVB, DECLC, the vocabulary of Lluís Faraudo de Saint-Germain) collect words and give them meaning from ancient editions of texts. Lexicographers’ performance had its own logic: they used the documentary sources they had at their disposal when they set up to write their works. The advances in philological research (new critical editions, new sources of information) allow us to refine results and detect errors that occurred in old editions and went into dictionaries. Wrong lexemes were included, as well as incorrect or insufficient definitions. This article offers examples of it, out of four medical works. On the one hand, the Catalan translations of the Regiment de sanitat (1305-1310) by Arnau de Vilanova, and of misser Joan’s Llibre de receptes (1466), both widely used by lexical repertoires. On the other hand, the Catalan translations of Hippocrates’s Aphorismata and of a fragment of Bernard of Gordon’s Lilium Medicinae, both of which our lexicographers ignored, as they have been first published only recently.
El arte de poesía castellana. Desde el pensamiento poético de Encina hacia una colección digital de tratados poéticos
Authors: Martínez Cantón Clara Isabel
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the project Poetriae, focusing on the steps already taken and on the ongoing work, as well as on its methods and future steps. Mainly, Poetriae aims at building a digital library of Medieval and Golden Age Castilian poetry treatises. It will create digital editions for them, by philologically marking up each metrical and poetic concept in an unambiguous way, in order to allow treatises to be retrievable not just by bibliographic metadata, but also by key concepts, such as poetic genre, stanza types, rhyme, etc. The project also intends to enable automatic analysis and visualizations of such data. Design and application of specific vocabularies for poetry and metrics are the basis for the whole project. Metadata standards for thesaurus and markup (XML-TEI) will be applied. This platform will be fed on previous highly recognized critical editions, enriched with metrical concepts from a controlled vocabulary or thesaurus, with categorised and unambiguous metrical concepts. Advantages: data visualisation, same-concept collation across various texts; even metric theory comparison for Medieval and Golden Age poems. We also introduce the first working edition in this series, Arte de poesía castellana by Juan del Encina.
Visualizing nationwide variation in Medicare Part D prescribing patterns
Authors: Rosenberg Alexander , Fucile Christopher , White Robert J , Trayhan Melissa , Farooq Samir , Nelson Lisa A , Quill Caroline M , Weisenthal Samuel J , Bush Kristen , Zand Martin S.
Published: December 2017

Objective: To characterize the regional and national variation in prescribing patterns in the Medicare Part D program using machine learning and dimensional reduction visualization methods.

Methods: Using publicly available Medicare Part D claims data, we identified regional and national provider prescribing profile variation with unsupervised clustering and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) dimensional reduction techniques. Additionally, we examined differences between regionally representative prescribing patterns for major metropolitan areas.

Results: Distributions of prescribing volume and medication diversity were highly skewed among over 800,000 Medicare Part D providers, and medical specialties had characteristic prescribing patterns. Although the number of Medicare providers in each state was highly correlated with the number of Medicare Part D enrollees, some states were enriched for providers with >10,000 prescription claims annually. Hierarchical clustering and t-SNE dimension-reduction visualization of drug- or drug-class prescribing patterns revealed that providers cluster strongly based on specialty and sub-specialty, with large regional variations in prescribing patterns. Major metropolitan areas had distinct prescribing patterns that tended to group by major geographical divisions.

Conclusions: There is substantial prescribing variation among providers in Medicare Part D both between and within specialties. Large regional variations in prescribing patterns, particularly among major metropolitan areas, were also seen. Unsupervised clustering and t-SNE dimension-reduction are an effective means to examine variation in provider prescribing patterns, including substantial regional and medical specialty variation.