bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton Impact on Marine Cloud Microphysical Properties Over the Northeast Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Mansour Karam , Rinaldi Matteo , Preißler Jana , Decesari Stefano , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Ceburnis Darius , Paglione Marco , Facchini Maria C. , O'Dowd Colin
Published: May 2022

The current understanding of the impact of natural cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) variability on cloud properties in marine air is low, thus contributing to climate prediction uncertainty. By analyzing cloud remote sensing observations (2009–2015) at Mace Head (west coast of Ireland), we show the oceanic biota impact on the microphysical properties of stratiform clouds over the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. During spring to summer (seasons of enhanced oceanic biological activity), clouds typically host a higher number of smaller droplets resulting from increased aerosol number concentration in the CCN relevant‐size range. The induced increase in cloud droplet number concentration (+100%) and decrease in their radius (−14%) are comparable in magnitude to that generated by the advection of anthropogenically influenced air masses over the background marine boundary layer. Cloud water content and albedo respond to marine CCN perturbations with positive adjustments, making clouds brighter as the number of droplets increases. Cloud susceptibility to marine aerosols overlaps with a large variability of cloud macrophysical and optical properties primarily affected by the meteorological conditions. The above findings suggest the existence of a potential feedback mechanism between marine biota and the marine cloud‐climate system.
FORTE Measurements of Global Optical Lightning Waveforms and Implications for Optical Lightning Detection
Authors: Peterson Michael
Published: May 2022

Lightning processes generate a diverse collection of optical pulses from current traversing the lightning channels. These signals are then broadened spatially and temporally via scattering in the clouds. The resulting waveforms measured from space with instruments like the photodiode detector (PDD) on the Fast On‐orbit Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite have a variety of shapes. In this study, we use coincident optical and Radio‐Frequency measurements to document the properties of optical PDD waveforms associated with different types of lightning, estimate delays from scattering in the clouds, and comment on how pulse shape impacts optical lightning detection. We find that the attributes of optical pulses recorded by the PDD are consistent with prior studies, but vary globally and with event amplitude. The most powerful lightning tends to be single‐peaked with faster rise times (median: ∼100 µs) and shorter effective widths (median: ∼400 µs) than normal lightning. Particularly dim events, meanwhile, include cases of broad optical waveforms with sustained optical emission throughout the PDD record, which the pixelated FORTE Lightning Location System (LLS) instrument has difficulty detecting. We propose that this is due to the optical signal being divided between individual LLS pixels that are each, individually, not bright enough to trigger. We use PDD waveforms and Monte Carlo radiative transfer modeling to demonstrate that increasing the temporal and spatial resolution of a pixelated lightning imager will make it more difficult to detect these broad/dim pulses as their energy becomes divided between additional pixels/integration frames.
Dynamic Steady State in Coastal Aquifers Is Driven by Multi‐Scale Cyclical Processes, Controlled by Aquifer Storativity
Authors: Paldor Anner , Frederiks Ryan S. , Michael Holly A.
Published: May 2022

Coastal aquifers supply freshwater to nearly half the global population, yet they are threatened by salinization. Salinities are typically estimated assuming steady‐state, neglecting the effect of cyclical forcings on average salinity distributions. Here, numerical modeling is used to test this assumption. Multi‐scale fluctuations in sea level (SL) are simulated, from tides to glacial cycles. Results show that high‐frequency fluctuations alter average salinities compared with the steady‐state distribution produced by average SL. Low‐frequency forcing generates discrepancies between present‐day salinities estimated with and without considering the cyclical forcing due to overshoot effects. This implies that salinities in coastal aquifers may be erroneously estimated when assuming steady‐state conditions, since present distributions are likely part of a dynamic steady state that includes forcing on multiple timescales. Further, typically neglected aquifer storage characteristics can strongly control average salinity distributions. This has important implications for managing vulnerable coastal groundwater resources and for calibration of hydrogeological models.
Crustal Shortening and Rheological Behavior Across the Longmen Shan Fault, Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhu Yage , Diao Faqi , Wang Rongjiang , Hao Ming , Shao Zhigang , Xiong Xiong
Published: May 2022

Knowledge of lithospheric rheology can provide fundamental insights into crustal deformation near the Longmen Shan fault (LMSF). Based on viscoelastic deformation models constrained by interseismic geodetic observations, we obtain an optimal crustal shortening rate of 4.8 ± 0.4 mm/a across the LMSF and an upper mantle viscosity of 5.0 × 1020−21 Pa · s beneath eastern Tibet. More importantly, we find a high‐viscosity zone (>1021 Pa · s) in the lower crust beneath the LMSF, where the steady‐state viscosity is significantly higher than the transient viscosity derived from postseismic deformation. Further investigations with a power‐law rheology suggest that, due to the stress loading of the Wenchuan earthquake and the relaxation afterwards, the effective lower crustal viscosity decreases to ∼1018 Pa · s immediately after the earthquake and finally recovers to interseismic level (∼1021 Pa · s). Our results highlight the stress‐dependent behavior and the viscoelastic effect of rheological structure beneath the LMSF during the earthquake cycle.
The interferon-β/STAT1 axis drives the collective invasion of skin squamous cell carcinoma with sealed intercellular spaces
Authors: Kumagai Yuji , Nio-Kobayashi Junko , Ishihara Seiichiro , Enomoto Atsushi , Akiyama Masashi , Ichihara Ryosuke , Haga Hisashi
Published: May 2022

The process by which cancer cells invade as a cell cluster, known as collective invasion, is associated with metastasis and worse prognosis of cancer patients; therefore, inhibition of collective invasion is considered to improve cancer treatment. However, the cellular characteristics responsible for collective invasion remain largely unknown. Here, we successfully established subclones with various invasive potentials derived from human skin squamous carcinoma cells. The cell cluster of the highly invasive subclone had a hermetically sealed and narrow intercellular space. Interferon-β was localized to the sealed intercellular spaces, leading to collective invasion via the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). On the other hand, interferon-β was not localized to non-sealed and wide intercellular spaces of the cell cluster of low-invasive subclone with deficient STAT1 activity. In the mixed cell cluster of high- and low-invasive subclones, the high-invasive sub-clonal cells were located at the invasive front of the invasive protrusion, leading to collective invasion by the low-invasive sub-clonal cells. Tissue microarray analysis of human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) also showed enrichment of STAT1 in the invasive front of SCCs. These findings indicate that the intercellular structure controls the potential for collective invasion via STAT1 regulation in SCC.
Ultra-dense dislocations stabilized in high entropy oxide ceramics
Authors: Han Yi , Liu Xiangyang , Zhang Qiqi , Huang Muzhang , Li Yi , Pan Wei , Zong Peng-an , Li Lieyang , Yang Zesheng , Feng Yingjie , Zhang Peng , Wan Chunlei
Published: May 2022

Dislocations are commonly present and important in metals but their effects have not been fully recognized in oxide ceramics. The large strain energy raised by the rigid ionic/covalent bonding in oxide ceramics leads to dislocations with low density (∼106 mm−2), thermodynamic instability and spatial inhomogeneity. In this paper, we report ultrahigh density (∼109 mm−2) of edge dislocations that are uniformly distributed in oxide ceramics with large compositional complexity. We demonstrate the dislocations are progressively and thermodynamically stabilized with increasing complexity of the composition, in which the entropy gain can compensate the strain energy of dislocations. We also find cracks are deflected and bridged with ∼70% enhancement of fracture toughness in the pyrochlore ceramics with multiple valence cations, due to the interaction with enlarged strain field around the immobile dislocations. This research provides a controllable approach to establish ultra-dense dislocations in oxide ceramics, which may open up another dimension to tune their properties.
Off-season RSV epidemics in Australia after easing of COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Eden John-Sebastian , Sikazwe Chisha , Xie Ruopeng , Deng Yi-Mo , Sullivan Sheena G. , Michie Alice , Levy Avram , Cutmore Elena , Blyth Christopher C. , Britton Philip N. , Crawford Nigel , Dong Xiaomin , Dwyer Dominic E. , Edwards Kimberly M. , Horsburgh Bethany A. , Foley David , Kennedy Karina , Minney-Smith Cara , Speers David , Tulloch Rachel L. , Holmes Edward C. , Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna , Smith David W. , Kok Jen , Barr Ian G. ,   the Australian RSV study group, Alafaci Annette , Carter Ian , Daley Andrew , Francis Michelle , Kesson Alison , Moore Hannah , Ngo Christine , Tran Tyna
Published: May 2022

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infection with the most severe disease in the young and elderly. Non-pharmaceutical interventions and travel restrictions for controlling COVID-19 have impacted the circulation of most respiratory viruses including RSV globally, particularly in Australia, where during 2020 the normal winter epidemics were notably absent. However, in late 2020, unprecedented widespread RSV outbreaks occurred, beginning in spring, and extending into summer across two widely separated regions of the Australian continent, New South Wales (NSW) and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in the east, and Western Australia. Through genomic sequencing we reveal a major reduction in RSV genetic diversity following COVID-19 emergence with two genetically distinct RSV-A clades circulating cryptically, likely localised for several months prior to an epidemic surge in cases upon relaxation of COVID-19 control measures. The NSW/ACT clade subsequently spread to the neighbouring state of Victoria and to cause extensive outbreaks and hospitalisations in early 2021. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and sequencing of RSV and other respiratory viruses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as mitigation measures may disrupt seasonal patterns, causing larger or more severe outbreaks.
MXene based saturation organic vertical photoelectric transistors with low subthreshold swing
Authors: Li Enlong , Gao Changsong , Yu Rengjian , Wang Xiumei , He Lihua , Hu Yuanyuan , Chen Huajie , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang
Published: May 2022

Vertical transistors have attracted enormous attention in the next-generation electronic devices due to their high working frequency, low operation voltage and large current density, while a major scientific and technological challenge for high performance vertical transistor is to find suitable source electrode. Herein, an MXene material, Ti3C2Tx, is introduced as source electrode of organic vertical transistors. The porous MXene films take the advantage of both partially shielding effect of graphene and the direct modulation of the Schottky barrier at the mesh electrode, which significantly enhances the ability of gate modulation and reduces the subthreshold swing to 73 mV/dec. More importantly, the saturation of output current which is essential for all transistor-based applications but remains a great challenge for vertical transistors, is easily achieved in our device due to the ultra-thin thickness and native oxidation of MXene, as verified by finite-element simulations. Finally, our device also possesses great potential for being used as wide-spectrum photodetector with fast response speed without complex material and structure design. This work demonstrates that MXene as source electrode offers plenty of opportunities for high performance vertical transistors and photoelectric devices.
Robust temporal map of human in vitro myelopoiesis using single-cell genomics
Authors: Alsinet Clara , Primo Maria Nascimento , Lorenzi Valentina , Bello Erica , Kelava Iva , Jones Carla P. , Vilarrasa-Blasi Roser , Sancho-Serra Carmen , Knights Andrew J. , Park Jong-Eun , Wyspianska Beata S. , Trynka Gosia , Tough David F. , Bassett Andrew , Gaffney Daniel J. , Alvarez-Errico Damiana , Vento-Tormo Roser
Published: May 2022

Myeloid cells are central to homeostasis and immunity. Characterising in vitro myelopoiesis protocols is imperative for their use in research, immunotherapies, and understanding human myelopoiesis. Here, we generate a >470K cells molecular map of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) differentiation into macrophages. Integration with in vivo single-cell atlases shows in vitro differentiation recapitulates features of yolk sac hematopoiesis, before definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) emerge. The diversity of myeloid cells generated, including mast cells and monocytes, suggests that HSC-independent hematopoiesis can produce multiple myeloid lineages. We uncover poorly described myeloid progenitors and conservation between in vivo and in vitro regulatory programs. Additionally, we develop a protocol to produce iPSC-derived dendritic cells (DC) resembling cDC2. Using CRISPR/Cas9 knock-outs, we validate the effects of key transcription factors in macrophage and DC ontogeny. This roadmap of myeloid differentiation is an important resource for investigating human fetal hematopoiesis and new therapeutic opportunities.
Anoctamin 1 controls bone resorption by coupling Cl− channel activation with RANKL-RANK signaling transduction
Authors: Sun Weijia , Guo Shuai , Li Yuheng , Li JianWei , Liu Caizhi , Chen Yafei , Wang Xuzhao , Tan Yingjun , Tian Hua , Wang Cheng , Du Ruikai , Zhong Guohui , Shi Sai , Ma Biao , Qu Chang , Fu Jingxuan , Jin Xiaoyan , Zhao Dingsheng , Zhan Yong , Ling Shukuan , An Hailong , Li Yingxian
Published: May 2022

Osteoclast over-activation leads to bone loss and chloride homeostasis is fundamental importance for osteoclast function. The calcium-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1 (also known as TMEM16A) is an important chloride channel involved in many physiological processes. However, its role in osteoclast remains unresolved. Here, we identified the existence of Anoctamin 1 in osteoclast and show that its expression positively correlates with osteoclast activity. Osteoclast-specific Anoctamin 1 knockout mice exhibit increased bone mass and decreased bone resorption. Mechanistically, Anoctamin 1 deletion increases intracellular Cl− concentration, decreases H+ secretion and reduces bone resorption. Notably, Anoctamin 1 physically interacts with RANK and this interaction is dependent upon Anoctamin 1 channel activity, jointly promoting RANKL-induced downstream signaling pathways. Anoctamin 1 protein levels are substantially increased in osteoporosis patients and this closely correlates with osteoclast activity. Finally, Anoctamin 1 deletion significantly alleviates ovariectomy induced osteoporosis. These results collectively establish Anoctamin 1 as an essential regulator in osteoclast function and suggest a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
The regulatory mechanism of LncRNA-mediated ceRNA network in osteosarcoma
Authors: Lin Chengsen , Miao Jifeng , He Juliang , Feng Wenyu , Chen Xianxiang , Jiang Xiaohong , Liu Jianhong , Li Boxiang , Huang Qian , Liao Shijie , Liu Yun
Published: May 2022

Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs have been reported to be closely related to the oncogenesis and development of osteosarcoma. However, the role of a dysregulated lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in osteosarcoma in the same individual needs to be further investigated. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on the tumour tissues and matched paratumour tissues of three patients with confirmed osteosarcoma. Two divergent lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were constructed in accordance with their biological significance. The GO and KEGG analysis results of the mRNAs in the two networks revealed that the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs were involved in regulating bone growth and development, epithelial cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and the N-terminal acetylation of proteins. The survival analysis results of the two networks showed that patients with high expression ofGALNT3,FAM91A1,STC2andSLC7A1end in poorer prognosis. Likewise, patients with low expression ofIGF2,BLCAP,ZBTB47,THRB,PKIAandMITFalso had poor prognosis. A subnetwork was then constructed to demonstrate the key genes regulated by aberrantly expressed lncRNAs at the posttranscriptional level via the ceRNA network. Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in osteosarcoma tissues regulate genes involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and the cell cycle via the ceRNA network.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A novel, bioactive and
antibacterial scaffold based on functionalized graphene oxide with lignin, silk fibroin and
ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Eivazzadeh-Keihan Reza , Zare-Bakheir Ensiye , Aliabadi Hooman Aghamirza Moghim , Gorab Mostafa Ghafori , Ghafuri Hossein , Maleki Ali , Madanchi Hamid , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: May 2022

In this study, a novel nanobiocomposite was synthesized using graphene
oxide, lignin, silk fibroin and ZnO and used in biological fields. To synthesize this
structure, after preparing graphene oxide by the Hummer method, lignin, silk fibroin,
and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were added to it, respectively. Also, ZnO NPs with a
particle size of about 18 nm to 33 nm was synthesized via Camellia sinensis extract by green methodology. The synthesized structure
was examined as anti-biofilm agent and it was observed that the Graphene
oxide-lignin/silk fibroin/ZnO nanobiocomposite has a significant ability to prevent the
formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm. In addition, due
to the importance of the possibility of using this structure in biological environments,
its toxicity and blood compatibility were also evaluated. According to the obtained
results from MTT assay, the viability percentages of Hu02 cells treated with Graphene
oxide-lignin/silk fibroin/ZnO nanobiocomposite after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation were
89.96%, 89.32%, and 91.28%. On the other hand, the hemolysis percentage of the
synthesized structure after 24 h and 72 h of extraction was 9.5% and 11.76%
respectively. As a result, the synthesized structure has a hemolysis percentage below
12% and its toxicity effect on Hu02 cells is below 9%.
Evidence against the “anomalous-is-bad” stereotype in Hadza hunter gatherers
Authors: Workman Clifford I. , Smith Kristopher M. , Apicella Coren L. , Chatterjee Anjan
Published: May 2022

People have an “anomalous-is-bad” stereotype whereby they make negative inferences about the moral character of people with craniofacial anomalies like scars. This stereotype is hypothesized to be a byproduct of adaptations for avoiding pathogens. However, evidence for the anomalous-is-bad stereotype comes from studies of European and North American populations; the byproduct hypothesis would predict universality of the stereotype. We presented 123 Hadza across ten camps pairs of morphed Hadza faces—each with one face altered to include a scar—and asked who they expected to be more moral and a better forager. Hadza with minimal exposure to other cultures chose at chance for both questions. Hadza with greater exposure to other cultures, however, expected the scarred face to be less moral and a better forager. These results suggest the anomalous-is-bad stereotype may be culturally shared or learned erroneously through associations with population-level differences, providing evidence against a universal pathogen avoidance byproduct hypothesis.
Surrogate models provide new insights on metrics based on blood flow for the assessment of left ventricular function
Authors: Collia Dario , Libero Giulia , Pedrizzetti Gianni , Ciriello Valentina
Published: May 2022

Recent developments on the grading of cardiac pathologies suggest flow-related metrics for a deeper evaluation of cardiac function. Blood flow evaluation employs space-time resolved cardiovascular imaging tools, possibly integrated with direct numerical simulation (DNS) of intraventricular fluid dynamics in individual patients. If a patient-specific analysis is a promising method to reproduce flow details or to assist virtual therapeutic solutions, it becomes impracticable in nearly-real-time during a routine clinical activity. At the same time, the need to determine the existence of relationships between advanced flow-related quantities of interest (QoIs) and the diagnostic metrics used in the standard clinical practice requires the adoption of techniques able to generalize evidences emerging from a finite number of single cases. In this study, we focus on the left ventricular function and use a class of reduced-order models, relying on the Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) technique to learn the dynamics of selected QoIs based on a set of synthetic cases analyzed with a high-fidelity model (DNS). The selected QoIs describe the left ventricle blood transit and the kinetic energy and vorticity at the peak of diastolic filling. The PCE-based surrogate models provide straightforward approximations of these QoIs in the space of widely used diagnostic metrics embedding relevant information on left ventricle geometry and function. These surrogates are directly employable in the clinical analysis as we demonstrate by assessing their robustness against independent patient-specific cases ranging from healthy to diseased conditions. The surrogate models are used to perform global sensitivity analysis at a negligible computational cost and provide insights on the impact of each diagnostic metric on the QoIs. Results also suggest how common flow transit parameters are principally dictated by ejection fraction.
Sub-second temporal magnetic field microscopy using quantum defects in diamond
Authors: Parashar Madhur , Bathla Anuj , Shishir Dasika , Gokhale Alok , Bandyopadhyay Sharba , Saha Kasturi
Published: May 2022

Wide field-of-view magnetic field microscopy has been realised by probing shifts in optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum of Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) defect centers in diamond. However, these widefield diamond NV magnetometers require few to several minutes of acquisition to get a single magnetic field image, rendering the technique temporally static in it’s current form. This limitation prevents application of diamond NV magnetometers to novel imaging of dynamically varying microscale magnetic field processes. Here, we show that the magnetic field imaging frame rate can be significantly enhanced by performing lock-in detection of NV photo-luminescence (PL), simultaneously over multiple pixels of a lock-in camera. A detailed protocol for synchronization of frequency modulated PL of NV centers with fast camera frame demodulation, at few kilohertz frequencies, has been experimentally demonstrated. This experimental technique allows magnetic field imaging of sub-second varying microscale currents in planar microcoils with imaging frame rates in the range of 50–200 frames per s (fps). Our work demonstrates that widefield per-pixel lock-in detection of frequency modulated NV ODMR enables dynamic magnetic field microscopy.
Economic appraisal of using genetics to control Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia under cage and pond farming system in Malaysia
Authors: Delphino Marina , Joshi Rajesh , Alvarez Alejandro Tola
Published: May 2022

Disease outbreaks have been seen as the major threat to sustainable aquaculture worldwide. Injectable vaccines have been one of the few strategies available to control the diseases, however, the adoption of this technology globally is limited. Genetic selection for disease resistance has been proposed as the alternative strategy in livestock and aquaculture. Economic analysis for such strategies is lacking and this study assesses the economic worth of using tilapia fingerlings resistant to Streptococcosis in both cage and pond production systems. The paper also assesses the profitability of paying the higher price for such fingerlings. Partial-budgeting was used to develop a stochastic simulation model that considers the benefits and costs associated with the adoption of tilapia fingerlings resistant to Streptococcosis at the farm level, in one production cycle. In both ponds and cage production systems, the use of genetically selected Streptococcus resistant tilapia fingerlings was found to be profitable where Streptococcus infection is prevalent. In the cages and ponds where Streptococcus related mortality was ≥ 10%, the Nile tilapia aquaculture was found to be profitable even if the amount paid for genetically selected Streptococcus resistant tilapia fingerlings was 100% higher than the amount paid for standard fingerlings.
Detection of 13C labeling of glutamate and glutamine in human brain by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: An Li , Li Shizhe , Ferraris Araneta Maria , Johnson Christopher S. , Shen Jun
Published: May 2022

A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique was used to measure 13C enrichments of glutamate and glutamine in a 3.5 × 1.8 × 2 cm3 voxel placed in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of five healthy participants after oral administration of [U-13C]glucose. Strong pseudo singlets of glutamate and glutamine were induced to enhance the signal strength of glutamate and glutamine. This study demonstrated that 13C labeling of glutamate and glutamine can be measured with the high sensitivity and spatial resolution of 1H MRS using a proton-only MRS technique with standard commercial hardware. Furthermore, it is feasible to measure 13C labeling of glutamate and glutamine in limbic structures, which play major roles in behavioral and emotional responses and whose abnormalities are involved in many neuropsychiatric disorders.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of phase I cancer patients with CCNE1 amplification: MD Anderson experiences
Authors: Yao Shuyang , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Hong David , Janku Filip , Naing Aung , Piha-Paul Sarina Anne , Tsimberidou Apostolia Maria , Karp Daniel , Subbiah Vivek , Yap Timothy Anthony , Ahnert Jordi Rodon , Pant Shubham , Dumbrava Ecaterina E Ileana , Wathoo Chetna , Campbell Erick , Yu Lihou , Yamamura Yuko , Fu Siqing
Published: May 2022

Cyclin E is frequently encoded by CCNE1 gene amplification in various malignancies. We reviewed the medical records of patients with solid tumors displaying CCNE1 amplification to determine the effect of this amplification for future therapeutic development. We reviewed the medical records of patients with advanced solid tumors harboring CCNE1 amplification who were seen at the phase I clinic between September 1, 2012, and December 31, 2019. Among 79 patients with solid tumors harboring CCNE1 amplification, 56 (71%) received phase 1 clinical trial therapy, 39 (49%) had 3 or more concurrent genomic aberrances, and 52 (66%) had a concurrent TP53 mutation. The median overall survival (OS) after patients’ initial phase I visit was 8.9 months and after their initial metastasis diagnosis was 41.4 months. We identified four factors associated with poor risk: age < 45 years, body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2, presence of the TP53 mutation, and elevated LDH > upper limit of normal. In patients treated with gene aberration-related therapy, anti-angiogenic therapy led to significantly longer OS after their initial phase I trial therapy than those who did not: 26 months versus 7.4 months, respectively (P = 0.04). This study provided preliminary evidence that CCNE1 amplification was associated with frequent TP53 mutation and aggressive clinical outcomes. Survival benefit was observed in patients who received antiangiogenic therapy and gene aberration-related treatment, supporting the future development of a personalized approach to combine gene aberration-related therapy with antiangiogenesis for the treatment of advanced malignancies harboring CCNE1 amplification.
Effects of physical activity intervention on 24-h movement behaviors: a compositional data analysis
Authors: Pasanen Jesse , Leskinen Tuija , Suorsa Kristin , Pulakka Anna , Virta Joni , Auranen Kari , Stenholm Sari
Published: May 2022

We utilized compositional data analysis (CoDA) to study changes in the composition of the 24-h movement behaviors during an activity tracker based physical activity intervention. A total of 231 recently retired Finnish retirees were randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention participants were requested to use a commercial activity tracker bracelet with daily activity goal and inactivity alerts for 12 months. The controls received no intervention. The 24-h movement behaviors, i.e., sleep, sedentary time (SED), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were estimated from wrist-worn ActiGraph data using the GGIR R-package. Three balance coordinates describing the composition of movement behaviors were applied: ratio of active vs. passive behaviors, LPA vs. MVPA, and sleep vs. SED. A linear mixed model was used to study changes between the baseline and 6-month time point. Overall, the changes in the 24-h movement behaviors were small and did not differ between the groups. Only the ratio of LPA to MVPA tended to change differently between the groups (group*time interaction p = 0.08) as the intervention group increased LPA similarly to controls but decreased their MVPA. In conclusion, the use of a commercial activity tracker may not be enough to induce changes in the 24-h movement behaviors among retirees.
Diversity of the virome associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest
Authors: Nemchinov Lev G. , Irish Brian M. , Grinstead Samuel , Shao Jonathan , Vieira Paulo
Published: May 2022

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated forage legumes in the world. It is currently the third most valuable field crop in the United States with an estimated value of over $9.3 billion. Alfalfa productivity is limited by various infectious diseases that can reduce forage yield and quality and shorten stand life. The crop can frequently be infected with a diverse array of pathogens and other organisms that have distinct life cycles, biology, and mode of action. Among them are many coinfecting viruses, that greatly contribute to the heterogeneity of within-host pathogenic communities, representing a ubiquitous and abundant background for all other host–pathogen interactions. Regrettably, the impact of viral diseases, their role in alfalfa health and involvement in the severity of multi-pathogen infections are often underestimated and not well understood. As high-throughput sequencing approaches have been developed, opportunities to delve into these complex interactions can be realized. In this work, we have characterized a diversity of viral populations in several commercial alfalfa production fields located in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. At least 45 distinct viruses have been identified in all alfalfa samples. Among them some were known to infect the crop prior to this study, and others were designated as emerging, novel and viruses integrated into the alfalfa genome. Known viruses included alfalfa mosaic virus, pea streak virus and bean leafroll virus, while among emerging and novel agents were alfalfa virus S, cherry virus Trakiya, several rhabdoviruses and others. Additional biological and impact studies will be needed to determine if newly identified viruses, especially those that have not been reported from alfalfa before, should be considered pathogens of this crop.
Constructing rapid water vapor transport channels within mixed matrix membranes based on two-dimensional mesoporous nanosheets
Authors: Wang Fengkai , Han Shurui , Zhang Yanli , Gao Lei , Li Xu , Zhao Lizhi , Ye Hui , Li Hong , Xin Qingping , Zhang Yuzhong
Published: May 2022

Membrane technology is an effective strategy for gas dehumidification and fuel cell humidification. In this study, cerium fluoride oxide (F-Ce) two-dimensional (2D) mesoporous nanosheets and their composite with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Emim][DCA]) ionic liquids (ILs) (IL@F-Ce) are introduced as fillers into polyether block amide (PEBAX® 1074) to fabricate mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The slit-shaped mesoporous structure of the nanosheets facilitates the construction of water vapor rapid transport channels in MMMs. The permeability and selectivity of water vapor for MMMs loaded with F-Ce nanosheets are greatly improved, and the performance of MMMs loaded with IL@F-Ce nanosheets are much better than the former. Particularly, the MMM with IL@F-Ce content of 4 wt.% achieves the highest H2O permeability of 4.53 × 105 Barrer, which is more than twice that of the pure PEBAX membrane, and the selectivity is increased by 83%. Thus, the MMMs based on 2D mesoporous nanosheets have considerable potential application in industrial-scale dehydration and humidification processes.
E Se tea alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Jinke , Li Mengcheng , Zhao Tianrui , Cao Jianxin , Liu Yaping , Wang Yongpeng , Wang Yifen , Cheng Guiguang
Published: May 2022

Phlorizin and phloretin are the major chemical components of E Se tea. E Se tea extract promoted the expression of Keap1, Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 proteins in the liver tissues. E Se tea extract inhibited APAP-induced acute liver injury.
A novel solid phase extraction sample preparation method for sensitively determining doxepin and N-nordoxepin in human plasma and its application in a bioequivalence study in healthy Chinese volunteers
Authors: Zheng Binjie , Chen Lulu , Zheng Tiandong , Hou Liping , Huang Xinyi , Li Chao , Wang Xintong , Fang Qing , Chen Jie , Tang Zhi , Li Zhenyu , Ouyang Dongsheng
Published: May 2022

The proposed method not only greatly reduced the complexity of the extraction section, but it was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 3 mg of doxepin tablet formulation in 28 healthy Chinese volunteers under fasting and fed conditions.
Co-crystallization of red emitting (NH4)3Sc(SO4)3:Eu3+ microfibers: structure–luminescence relationship for promising application in optical thermometry
Authors: Pasechnik Liliya A. , Peshehonova Alena O. , Lipina Olga A. , Medyankina Irina S. , Enyashin Andrey N. , Chufarov Alexander Yu. , Tyutyunnik Alexander P.
Published: May 2022

Eu-doped (NH4)3Sc(SO4)3 microfibers may become a prominent phosphor for highly sensitive luminescent thermometry in the range 313–373 K.
Low recombination rates and improving charge transfer as decisive conditions for high current densities and fill factors in ZnS complex systems
Authors: Dias Fernandes Cristian , Meneghetti Ferrer Mateus , Wienke Raubach Cristiane , Ceretta Moreira Eduardo , Timm Gularte Luciano , da Silva Cava Sérgio , Lovato Gomes Jardim Pedro , Dadalto Carvalho Ramon , Longo Elson , Moreira Mario Lucio
Published: May 2022

Improving the photo-current in DSSCs with ZnO/ZnS photoelectrodes, by use of different zinc and sulfur precursors.
Formation mechanisms of CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 microscale composites assisted with imidazolium cations and their device applications
Authors: Zhao Yifei , Cheng Fangrui , Zhang Shuai , Yang Ruirui , Li Man , Ming Hong , Ye Shi
Published: May 2022

A schematic diagram of synthesizing highly luminescent CsPbBr3 NC embedded Cs4PbBr6 microcrystals (MCs), with the inset photos showing the products under natural light and UV light.
Surface modification of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for bone regeneration by controlling their surface hydration and protein adsorption states
Authors: Liu Zizhen , Yamada Shota , Otsuka Yuichi , Peñaflor Galindo Tania Guadalupe , Tagaya Motohiro
Published: May 2022

The control of the hydration and protein adsorption states on hydroxyapatite surface was systematically discussed, which is very important for the proper understanding of the controllable interfacial interactions between cells and bioceramics.
Radiative cooling in silver and palladium doped gold clusters
Authors: Ferrari Piero , Kaw Kevin Anthony , Lievens Peter , Janssens Ewald
Published: May 2022

The size-dependent influence of silver and palladium doping on the recurrent fluorescence of laser excited gold clusters, is investigated by a combination of mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations.
Glyceryl butyrate attenuates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced intestinal inflammation in piglets by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK pathways and modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Tian Min , Li Lilang , Tian Zhezhe , Zhao Hao , Chen Fang , Guan Wutai , Zhang Shihai
Published: May 2022

Glyceryl butyrate attenuated the immune-inflammatory response in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK pathways and modulating the gut microbiota, and thus improved piglet intestinal health.
Water-soluble diphosphine ligands for rhodium-catalyzed branch-selective hydroaminomethylation of vinyl arenes with anilines in water
Authors: Zhang Luyun , Ning Yingtang , Ye Baijun , Ru Tong , Chen Fen-Er
Published: May 2022

Rhodium-catalyzed hydroaminomethylation of various vinyl arenes with anilines has been accomplished using water as an environmentally benign reaction media.
Using the site-knockout strategy to understand the low activity of the nitrate electro-reduction reaction on Pt(111)
Authors: da Silva Kaline Nascimento , Soffiati Gabriela , da Silva Edison Z. , San-Miguel Miguel Angel , Sitta Elton
Published: May 2022

While nitrite reduction proceeds on surfaces with less than three contiguous Pt(111)-sites, the nitrate reduction is inhibited on these conditions.
Facile and green synthesis of carbon nanodots from environmental pollutants for cell imaging and Fe3+ detection
Authors: Shen Jialu , Xu Yanyi , Wang Zuo , Chen Weifeng , Zhao Haiyu , Liu Xiang
Published: May 2022

An economical and green approach has been provided to turn environmental pollutants into carbon nanodots for their potential applications in both bioimaging and Fe3+ detection.
Research progress of meliaceous limonoids from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Luo Jun , Sun Yunpeng , Li Qiurong , Kong Lingyi
Published: May 2022

In this review, the recent progress in the discovery of new structures, bioactivities, and synthesis of limonoids from plants of the Meliaceae family have been summarized.
Bifunctional conjugated microporous polymer based filters for highly efficient PM and gaseous iodine capture
Authors: Tian Zhuoyue , Ye Xingyun , Zhou Peilei , Zhu Zhaoqi , Li Jiyan , Sun Hanxue , Liang Weidong , Liu Yin , Li An
Published: May 2022

Cross-linked conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) based air filters obtained by a one-step cross-coupling reaction for effective capture of particulate matter and gaseous iodine from dusty air.
Forecasting molecular dynamics energetics of polymers in solution from supervised machine learning
Authors: Andrews James , Gkountouna Olga , Blaisten-Barojas Estela
Published: May 2022

Recurrent neural networks as a machine learning tools are gaining popularity in chemical, physical and materials applications searching for viable methods in the structure and energetics analyses of systems ranging from crystals to soft matter.
Critical analysis of self-doping and water-soluble n-type organic semiconductors: structures and mechanisms
Authors: Cowen Lewis M. , Gilhooly-Finn Peter A. , Giovannitti Alexander , LeCroy Garrett , Demetriou Harry , Neal William , Dong Yifan , Westwood Megan , Luong Sally , Fenwick Oliver , Salleo Alberto , Heutz Sandrine , Nielsen Christian B. , Schroeder Bob C.
Published: May 2022

The structure of a self-doping naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide was found to be the product of unexpected chemical reactions. The effect a mixed chemical composition has on the doped film morphology and electronic performance is also reported.
Autophagy in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Barnes Peter J. , Baker Jonathan , Donnelly Louise E.
Published: May 2022

Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a key cellular process that removes damaged molecules (particularly proteins) and subcellular organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. There is growing evidence that abnormalities in autophagy may contribute to the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In asthma, increased autophagy plays a role in promoting type 2 immune responses and eosinophilic inflammation, whereas decreased autophagy may be important in neutrophilic asthma. Acute exposure to cigarette smoke may activate autophagy, resulting in ciliary dysfunction and death of airway epithelial cells, whereas in stable COPD most studies have demonstrated an impairment in autophagy, with reduced autophagic flux and accumulation of abnormal mitochondria (defective mitophagy) and linked to cellular senescence. Autophagy may be increased or decreased in different cell types and depending on the cellular environment, making it difficult to target autophagy therapeutically. Several existing drugs may activate autophagy, including rapamycin, metformin, carbamazepine, cardiac glycosides and statins, whereas others, such as chloroquine, inhibit this process. However, these drugs are nonspecific and more selective drugs are now in development, which may prove useful as novel agents to treat asthma and COPD in the future.
Generalised predictive controller (GPC) design on single‐phase full‐bridge inverter with a novel identification method
Authors: Memeghani Mehran Jelodari , Ghamari Seyyed Morteza , Jouybari Taha Yousefi , Mollaee Hasan , Wheeler Patrick
Published: May 2022

The design of an on‐line generalised predictive control (GPC) technique with a novel identification method is presented in this paper for a single‐phase full‐bridge inverter in the presence of different disturbances. The controller uses system discrete‐time model to reach the control variables with a prediction over these values, followed by computing a cost function for control aims. However, in this controller, the need for the mathematical model of the system is removed since the black‐box identification strategy is used. Moreover, GPC structure has many advantages including low computational complexity, systematic design procedure, and fixed switching frequency that makes it a good alternative for practical applications. Various disturbances can have a negative impact on a DC–AC inverter; thus, considering robust dynamics and ease of implantation, the GPC scheme is used along with an improved exponential regressive least square identification algorithm as an adaptive strategy in the controller. Moreover, the prediction horizons of this controller have been increased, resulting in its low steady‐state error and better performance. Furthermore, harmonics in the sinusoidal signal can decrease the total efficiency of the system; thus, an LC filter is used to reduce the level of total harmonic distortion. However, the stability of the filter is the most challenging issue in designing a suitable controller. Finally, the strength of the current controller is verified using experimental and simulations results.
Current interruption tests of HVDC circuit‐breakers: Requirements, methods and a testing case
Authors: Jia Shenli , Tang Qiang , Xiu Shixin , Long Zhisong , Qin Ke , Shi Zongqian , Mo Yongpeng
Published: May 2022

Development towards HVDC grids is drawing intense development of HVDC circuit‐breakers (CBs). The increasing rated voltage and capacity requires HVDC CBs with excellent performance to be installed and comprehensive tests on HVDC CBs are indispensable. This paper contributes to clarifying clearer test requirements on the current interruption test, which is the most challenging one and proposing a novel applicable test method. It is the toughest test because when an HVDC CB interrupts fault current, a high transient interruption voltage (TIV) is produced by the operation of metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA), and a large current continues flowing through MOSA simultaneously, which means considerable energy is demanded for the test. To verify an HVDC CB's current interruption ability, voltage withstand ability and energy dissipation ability in single test can be costly and even impractical in extra high voltage classes. Alternatively, a multi‐part test method is reasonable and valuable, in which the HVDC CB can be tested with large current and high voltage one after another, while the energy dissipation ability will be verified separately. At last, a proposed synthetic test circuit is validated by a simulation and a low voltage experiment, creating high equivalence between the simulation and the validation test.
Top-down formation of ethylene from fragmentation of superhydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Tang Zeyuan , Simonsen Frederik Doktor S. , Jaganathan Rijutha , Palotás Julianna , Oomens Jos , Hornekær Liv , Hammer Bjørk
Published: May 2022

Context. Fragmentation is an important decay mechanism for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under harsh interstellar conditions and represents a possible formation pathway for small molecules such as H2, C2H2, and C2H4.

Aims. Our aim is to investigate the dissociation mechanism of superhydrogenated PAHs that undergo energetic processing and the formation pathway of small hydrocarbons.

Methods. We obtain, experimentally, the mass distribution of protonated tetrahydropyrene (C16H15+, [py + 5H]+) and protonated hex-ahydropyrene (C16H17+, [py + 7H]+) upon collision-induced dissociation (CID). The infrared (IR) spectra of their main fragments are recorded by infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD). Extended tight-binding (GFN2-xTB) based molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed in order to provide the missing structure information for this experiment and to identify fragmentation path ways. The pathways for fragmentation were further investigated at a hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and dispersion-corrected level.

Results. A strong signal for loss of 28 mass units of [py + 7H]+ is observed both in the CID experiment and the MD simulation, while [py + 5H]+ shows a negligible signal for the product corresponding to a mass loss of 28. The 28 mass loss from [py + 7H]+ is assigned to the loss of ethylene (C2H4) and a good fit between the calculated and experimental IR spectrum of the resulting fragment species is obtained. Further DFT calculations show favorable kinetic pathways for loss of C2H4 from hydrogenated PAH configurations involving three consecutive CH2 molecular entities.

Conclusions. This joint experimental and theoretical investigation proposes a chemical pathway of ethylene formation from fragmentation of superhydrogenated PAHs. This pathway is sensitive to hydrogenated edges (e.g., the degree of hydrogenation and the hydrogenated positions). The inclusion of this pathway in astrochemical models may improve the estimated abundance of ethylene.