bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation to what end? Exploring the dynamic landscape of Texas teacher preparation pathways
Authors: Castro Andrene J. , Edwards Wesley L.
Published: May 2021

The teacher education and preparation marketplace is a complex mix of traditional and alternative programs. Though prior studies have identified a great deal of variation across these programs, an analysis of innovation has been limited. Drawing on theories of organizational innovation, and specifically, dimensions of innovation related to organizational structure, processes, and outcomes, we conduct an exploratory study of innovation in Texas’ teacher preparation marketplace. This descriptive study of teacher preparation programs includes an analysis of state and national data across three years (2014-2017). Data also include results from a content analysis of 30 sample program websites. Although most programs met accountability requirements, we found few programs signaled innovation related to program, teacher, and workforce characteristics. Rather, we identified organizational assimilation as programs adopted similar features to remain competitive. Our analysis suggests programs should critically unpack what it means to be innovative in a dynamic and competitive teacher preparation marketplace.
Learning Thermodynamically Stable and Galilean Invariant Partial Differential Equations for Non-Equilibrium Flows
Authors: Huang Juntao , Ma Zhiting , Zhou Yizhou , Yong Wen-An
Published: May 2021

In this work, we develop a method for learning interpretable, thermodynamically stable and Galilean invariant partial differential equations (PDEs) based on the conservation-dissipation formalism of irreversible thermodynamics. As governing equations for non-equilibrium flows in one dimension, the learned PDEs are parameterized by fully connected neural networks and satisfy the conservation-dissipation principle automatically. In particular, they are hyperbolic balance laws and Galilean invariant. The training data are generated from a kinetic model with smooth initial data. Numerical results indicate that the learned PDEs can achieve good accuracy in a wide range of Knudsen numbers. Remarkably, the learned dynamics can give satisfactory results with randomly sampled discontinuous initial data and Sod’s shock tube problem although it is trained only with smooth initial data.
Silicon heterojunction-based tandem solar cells: past, status, and future prospects
Authors: Li Xingliang , Xu Qiaojing , Yan Lingling , Ren Chengchao , Shi Biao , Wang Pengyang , Mazumdar Sayantan , Hou Guofu , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: May 2021

Due to stable and high power conversion efficiency (PCE), it is expected that silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells will dominate the photovoltaic market. So far, the highest PCE of the SHJ-interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells has reached 26.7%, approximately approaching the theoretical Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limitation of 29.4%. To break through this limit, multijunction devices consisting of two or three stacked subcells have been developed, which can fully utilize the sunlight by absorbing different parts of the solar spectrum. This article provides a comprehensive overview of current research on SHJ-based tandem solar cells (SHJ-TSCs), including perovskite/SHJ TSCs and III–V/SHJ TSCs. Firstly, we give a brief introduction to the structures of SHJ-TSCs, followed by a discussion of fabrication processes. Afterwards, we focus on various materials and processes that have been explored to optimize the electrical and optical performance. Finally, we highlight the opportunities and challenges of SHJ-TSCs, as well as personal perspectives on the future development directions in this field.
Patterns of dietary diversity in Holocene north-west South America: new insights from Bayesian stable isotope mixing models
Authors: Delgado Miguel
Published: May 2021

For two decades, stable isotope studies have documented palaeodietary transitions in the Sabana de Bogotá region of north-west South America. Using traditional and Bayesian stable isotope mixing models, this article investigates the contribution of different resources to Holocene human diets. Temporal patterns include dietary emphases on plants during the Early and Middle Holocene, on maize horticulture through the initial Late Holocene and on maize/tuber agriculture during the final Late Holocene; animal protein apparently contributed little across all periods. These results suggest that the management and selection of diverse plants occurred early, and the later emphasis on maize raises universal questions about the role of agriculture in cultural change and social differentiation.
Borderline Personality Disorder With Versus Without Alcohol Use Disorder: Comparing Impulsivity and Schema Modes
Authors: Boog Michiel , Dugonjic Helena , Arntz Arnoud , Goudriaan Anna E. , Wetering Ben J. M. v. d. , Franken Ingmar H. A.
Published: May 2021

Substance use disorders (SUDs) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are highly comorbid. In the present study, an attempt was made to understand the differences between BPD and BPD with comorbid SUD (BPD + alcohol use disorder [AUD]), by studying impulsivity and schema modes (i.e., maladaptive moment-to-moment emotional states and coping responses). BPD patients, BPD+AUD patients, and nonpatients (NP) were compared regarding behavioral impulsivity (motor impulsivity, risk taking, delay discounting), and schema modes. The two patient groups displayed greater delay discounting than the NP group. Further, BPD and BPD+AUD groups were different from the NP group regarding all schema modes investigated. However, no differences were found on any of the dependent variables between the two patient groups. It is suggested that although BPD patients are in general more impulsive and have more maladaptive moment-to-moment emotional states and coping responses, BPD patients with and without AUD seem not to be different in this respect.
Elimination of the Cortico-Subthalamic Hyperdirect Pathway Induces Motor Hyperactivity in Mice
Authors: Koketsu Daisuke , Chiken Satomi , Hisatsune Tatsuhiro , Miyachi Shigehiro , Nambu Atsushi
Published: May 2021

The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is the output station of the basal ganglia and receives cortical inputs by way of the following three basal ganglia pathways: the cortico-subthalamo (STN)-SNr hyperdirect, the cortico-striato-SNr direct, and the cortico-striato-external pallido-STN-SNr indirect pathways. Compared with the classical direct and indirect pathways via the striatum, the functions of the hyperdirect pathway remain to be fully elucidated. Here we used a photodynamic technique to selectively eliminate the cortico-STN projection in male mice and observed neuronal activity and motor behaviors in awake conditions. After cortico-STN elimination, cortically evoked early excitation in the SNr was diminished, while the cortically evoked inhibition and late excitation, which are delivered through the direct and indirect pathways, respectively, were unchanged. In addition, locomotor activity was significantly increased after bilateral cortico-STN elimination, and apomorphine-induced ipsilateral rotations were observed after unilateral cortico-STN elimination, suggesting that cortical activity was increased. These results are compatible with the notion that the cortico-STN-SNr hyperdirect pathway quickly conveys cortical excitation to the output station of the basal ganglia, resets or suppresses the cortical activity related to ongoing movements, and prepares for the forthcoming movement.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe basal ganglia play a pivotal role in the control of voluntary movements, and their malfunctions lead to movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and dystonia. Understanding their functions is important to find better treatments for such diseases. Here we used a photodynamic technique to selectively eliminate the projection from the motor cortex to the subthalamic nucleus, the input station of the basal ganglia, and found greatly reduced early excitatory signals from the cortex to the output station of the basal ganglia and motor hyperactivity. These results suggest that the neuronal signals through the cortico-subthalamic hyperdirect pathway reset or suppress ongoing movements and that blockade of this pathway may be beneficial for Parkinson's disease, which is characterized by oversuppression of movements.
Neurochemical Signaling of Reward and Aversion to Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamate Neurons
Authors: McGovern Dillon J. , Polter Abigail M. , Root David H.
Published: May 2021

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) glutamate neurons signal and participate in reward and aversion-based behaviors. However, the neurochemical mechanisms that underlie how these neurons contribute to motivated behaviors is unknown. We used a combination of optical sensors to identify how distinct neurochemical inputs to VTA glutamate neurons participate in motivated behavior within female and male transgenic mice. Activity of glutamate inputs to VTA glutamate neurons increased for both reward-predicting and aversion-predicting cues and aversive outcomes, but subpopulations of glutamate inputs were increased or decreased by reward. For both reward and aversion-based cues and outcomes, activity of GABA inputs to VTA glutamate neurons mostly decreased. GCaMP recordings showed overall population increases in VTA glutamate neuron intracellular calcium during reward and aversion-based cues and outcomes. Electrophysiological recordings of VTA VGluT2 neurons showed that glutamate receptor activation increases firing while loss of excitation via glutamate receptor blockade decreases firing. GABA-A receptor activation decreased VTA glutamate neuron firing but GABA-A receptor blockade did not significantly change VTA glutamate neuron firing. Electrophysiological recordings in coordination with our sensor data suggest that glutamate inputs strongly regulate VTA glutamate neuron participation in diverse motivated behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGlutamate and GABA are the primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters of the nervous system. However, identifying how these neurotransmitters regulate motivated behavior has remained challenging because of a lack of tools (1) capable of measuring neurotransmission at the temporal scale of motivated behaviors and (2) capable of capturing chemical signaling onto genetically-distinct neuronal populations. We have overcome these obstacles by implementing genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators to monitor both glutamate and GABA input dynamics exclusively to ventral tegmental area (VTA) glutamate neurons during reward and aversion-based behaviors. We identify that glutamate and GABA inputs to VTA glutamate neurons differentially and dynamically signal reward and aversion-based cues and outcomes. This research provides foundational evidence that links distinct neurotransmitters to motivated behaviors regulated by VTA glutamate neurons.
Frontostriatal Projections Regulate Innate Avoidance Behavior
Authors: Loewke Adrienne C. , Minerva Adelaide R. , Nelson Alexandra B. , Kreitzer Anatol C. , Gunaydin Lisa A.
Published: May 2021

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has been linked to avoidance and decision-making under conflict, key neural computations altered in anxiety disorders. However, the heterogeneity of prefrontal projections has obscured identification of specific top-down projections involved. While the dmPFC–amygdala circuit has long been implicated in controlling reflexive fear responses, recent work suggests that dmPFC–dorsomedial striatum (DMS) projections may be more important for regulating avoidance. Using fiber photometry recordings in both male and female mice during the elevated zero maze task, we show heightened neural activity in frontostriatal but not frontoamygdalar projection neurons during exploration of the anxiogenic open arms. Additionally, using optogenetics, we demonstrate that this frontostriatal projection preferentially excites postsynaptic D1receptor-expressing neurons in the DMS and causally controls innate avoidance behavior. These results support a model for prefrontal control of defensive behavior in which the dmPFC–amygdala projection controls reflexive fear behavior and the dmPFC–striatum projection controls anxious avoidance behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe medial prefrontal cortex has been extensively linked to several behavioral symptom domains related to anxiety disorders, with much of the work centered around reflexive fear responses. Comparatively little is known at the mechanistic level about anxious avoidance behavior, a core feature across anxiety disorders. Recent work has suggested that the striatum may be an important hub for regulating avoidance behaviors. Our work uses optical circuit dissection techniques to identify a specific corticostriatal circuit involved in encoding and controlling avoidance behavior. Identifying neural circuits for avoidance will enable the development of more targeted symptom-specific treatments for anxiety disorders.
Decreased level of Eomes+dCD8+ T cells with altered function might be associated with miscarriage
Authors: Chen Lanting , Sun Fengrun , Li Mengdie , Qian Jinfeng , Du Meirong , Li Dajin , Wang Songcun
Published: May 2021

The T-box transcription factor protein eomesodermin (Eomes) is known for both homeostasis and function of effector and memory CD8+T cells. However, much less is known about the functional regulation of Eomes on CD8+ T cells during pregnancy. In the present study, we concluded the higher Eomes expression dCD8+T cells during normal early pregnancy. The number of Eomes+dCD8+T cells decreased in miscarriage. This Eomes+dCD8+T cell subset also expressed less growth-promoting factors, shifted toward pro-inflammatory phenotype in miscarriage. Primary Trophoblasts and HTR8/SVneo cell line could increase Eomes expression of dCD8+T cells from both normal early pregnancy and miscarriage, which might provide a new strategy for therapy to promote maternal–fetal tolerance and prevent pregnancy loss. These findings indicated that Eomes might be promising early warming targets of miscarriage. In addition, this study suggested that the reproductive safety must be a criterion considered in modulating the dose and function of Eomes in CD8+T cells to reverse T cell exhaustion.
Use of ionic liquids for improvement of cellulosic ethanol production
Authors: Wang Qijun , Wu Yuanxin , Zhu Shengdong
Published: May 2021

Cellulosic ethanol production has drawn much attention in recent years. However, there remain significant technical challenges before such production can be considered as economically feasible at an industrial scale. Among them, the efficient conversion of carbohydrates in lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is one of the most challenging technical difficulties in cellulosic ethanol production. Use of ionic liquids has opened new avenues to solve this problem by two different pathways. One is pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass using ionic liquids to increase its enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. The other is to transform the hydrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass from a heterogeneous reaction system to a homogeneous one by dissolving it into ionic liquids, thus improving its hydrolysis efficiency.
Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery Patients: Role of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Fat-Free Mass
Authors: Januškevičiūtė Elija , Vicka Vaidas , Krauklytė Justina , Vickienė Alvita , Ringaitienė Donata , Šerpytis Mindaugas , Šipylaitė Jūratė
Published: May 2021

Background: eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) formulas may be inaccurate in overweight cardiac surgery patients, overestimating the kidney reserve. The aim of this study was to modify the eGFR formulas and to determine whether the modified eGFR is a more accurate predictor of acute kidney injury (AKI).Materials and methods: The patients were assigned into 4 BMI groups as follows: normal weight (18.5–25 kg/m2), pre-obesity (25–30 kg/m2), class I obese (30–35 kg/m2), class II and III obese (≥35 kg/m2). Cockcroft–Gault (CG) eGFR formula was modified by using the fat-free mass (FFM) derived from bioelectrical impedance. ROC-AUC curves were analyzed to identify the accuracy of the eGFR formulas (CG, CG modified with FFM, Mayo Clinic Quadratic equation, CKD-EPI, MDRD) to predict the AKI in each group.Results: Although all of the used equations showed similar predictive power in the normal weight and overweight category, Mayo formula had the highest AUC in predicting the occurrence of AKI (ROC-AUC 0.717 and 0.624, p<0.05). However, in the group of patients with class I obesity, only the CG formula modified with a fat-free mass appeared to be predictive of postoperative AKI (ROC-AUC 0.631 p<0.05). None of the equations were accurate in the group of BMI (>35 kg/m2).Conclusions: eGFR is a poor predictor of AKI, especially in the obese patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The only equation with a moderate predictive power for the class I obese patients was the CG formula modified with the fat-free mass.
Botanical Notebooks or Twelve Trips to the Plant World
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sitnik K.M. , Galuzinska V.S. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: May 2021

This popular science book reveals to the reader the amazing secrets of the ancient and good science of botany, the ways of its development. The fates and biographies of botanists, their discussions that lasted for centuries, their travels and journeys provide answers to many questions of the existence of the contemporary. There is no sphere in human life today where plants are not involved. The book is intended for engineers and a students, workers and doctors, etc., because its theme is man in the plant world.
The Wonderland of Metals
Authors:   Physics-technological institute of metals and alloys of the National academy of science of Ukraine, Kondratyuk S.Ye. , Geller O.L. ,   Physics-technological institute of metals and alloys of the National academy of science of Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The book introduces the reader to interesting historical facts and legends about the discovery and development of technology for processing metals and alloys and the creators of the science of metals. Metals, the foundation of civilization, are told about popularly, at the modern scientific level. Considerable attention is paid to the achievements and innovations of modern technology and prospects for the use of metallic materials. The publication is designed for a wide range of readers. It will also be useful for teachers and lecturers of technical specialties of secondary and higher educational institutions
Problems in the strength and stability of inhomogeneous structures of rocket and space hardware with account for plasticity and creep
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Hudramovich V.S. , Sirenko V.N. ,   Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Hart E.L. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Klimenko D.V. ,   Yuzhnoye State Design Office
Published: May 2021

Shell structures provide a compromise between strength and mass, which motivates their use in rocket and space hardware (RSH). High and long-term loads cause plastic and creep deformations in structural elements. RSH structures feature inhomogeneity: design inhomogeneity (polythickness, the presence of reinforcements, openings, etc.) and technological inhomogeneity (defects produced in manufacturing, operation, storage. and transportation, defects produced by unforeseen thermomechanical effects, etc.). These factors, which characterize structural inhomogeneity, are stress and strain concentrators and may be responsible for an early failure of structural elements and inadmissible shape imperfections. In inhomogeneous structures, different parts thereof are deformed by a program of their own and exhibit a different stress and strain level. In accounting for a physical nonlinearity, which is governed by plastic and creep deformations, the following approach to the determination of the stress and strain field is efficient: the calculation is divided into stages, and at each stage parameters that characterize the plastic and creep deformations developed are introduced: additional loads in the equilibrium equations or boundary conditions, additional deformations, or variable elasticity parameters (the modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio). Successive approximation schemes are constructed: at each stage, an elasticity problem is solved with the introduction of the above parameters. Special consideration is given to the determination of the launch vehicle and launch complex life. This is due to damages caused by alternate high-intensity thermomechanical loads. The basic approach relies on the theory of low- and high-cycle fatigue. The plasticity and the creep of a material are the basic factors in the consideration of the above problems. This paper considers various aspects of the solution of RSH strength and stability problems with account for the effect of plastic and creep deformations.
Comparison of natural and re-introduced populations of the steppe marmot (Marmota bobak) in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
Authors:   Holy Mountains National Nature Park (Sviatohirsk, Ukraine), Skubak Eugen
Published: May 2021

The paper presents data on distribution and abundance of the steppe marmot in the territory of two northern raions (districts) of Donetsk Oblast — Sloviansk and Lyman. Research was carried out in 2011 to 2020. In total, 284 burrows were recorded belonging to 25 home ranges. The largest marmot settlements in the studied territory comprise up to 29 burrows. The number of burrows on a home range varies from 1 to 29, in average 11.4. The total abundance of the steppe marmot is over 100 animals in Lyman Raion and over 20 individuals in Sloviansk Raion. The marmot population in Sloviansk Raion is re-introduced—370 individuals were released in 1991—, while the population in Lyman Raion is of rather natural origin. The optimal habitats for the steppe marmot are chalk slopes of southern exposure, where its home ranges consist of the highest number of burrows. Permanent inhabited burrows are located in the middle part of the slopes, whereas the vast majority of protective burrows are below the slope and at the bottom of the beams. All settlements are located on the right bank of rivers. The largest marmot settlements are confined to poor Cretaceous and, less frequently, sandy soils with sparse vegetation. The natural marmot population in Lymansky Raion shows a tendency to slow dispersal and population growth, while the abundance of the re-introduced population is much smaller than the number of released animals. The density of the natural population remains low despite the many uninhabited areas suitable for the marmots. Settlements are formed as separate disconnected groups. New marmot settlements are often formed in places of old settlements. Natural populations are more stable compared to re-introduced ones and the density of natural steppe marmot population is also higher. Poaching, especially in Sloviansk Raion, is a major threat to the marmot, as well as the overgrowth of the steppe by shrubs due to decrease in grazing. Marmot settlements on the Cretaceous steppes are almost insensitive to reduced grazing. In Lyman Raion, fires and ploughing of balka slopes, too, negatively affect the species. Development of epizootics is unlikely given the low density of the marmot. The marmot populations can be preserved and can even expand their range in the region if sufficient protection measures are provided.
Extremely Low Birth Weight and Accelerated Biological Aging
Authors: Van Lieshout Ryan J. , McGowan Patrick O. , de Vega Wilfred C. , Savoy Calan D. , Morrison Katherine M. , Saigal Saroj , Mathewson Karen J. , Schmidt Louis A.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (<1000 g) survivors are exposed to elevated levels of physiologic stress during their lives and may be susceptible to accelerated aging. Using the oldest known longitudinally followed cohort of ELBW survivors, we compared biological aging in this group using an epigenetic clock to a sample of matched normal birth weight (NBW) (>2500 g) control participants.

METHODS:

Buccal cells were collected from 45 ELBW survivors and 49 NBW control participants at 30 to 35 years of age. Epigenetic age was calculated from the weighted average of DNA methylation at 353 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sequence within DNA sites, by using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation EPIC 850k BeadChip array.

RESULTS:

Before and after statistically adjusting for neurosensory impairment and the presence of chronic health conditions, a significant sex by birth weight group interaction was observed in the 353-site epigenetic-clock assay (P = .03), whereby ELBW men had a significantly older epigenetic age than NBW men (4.6 years; P = .01). Women born at ELBW were not found to be epigenetically older than their NBW peers.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this study suggest that prenatal exposures may play an important role in aging, and that men born preterm may experience accelerated aging relative to their peers. We further highlight the need to monitor and promote the health of preterm survivors, with a particular focus on healthy aging across the life span.
Meilensteine der journalistischen Karriere von Theodor Herzl vor der Neuen Freien Presse •
Authors: Ujvári Hedvig
Published: May 2021

Theodor Herzls Name ist in erster Linie mit dem Zionismus und der Grundlegung dessen, was als Judenstaat bezeichnet wurde, verknüpft. Der gebürtige Ungar, der später in Wien studierte und sesshaft wurde, war allerdings in seiner Jugend weit davon entfernt und hegte noch ganz andere Pläne. Er wünschte sich anstelle einer juristischen Karriere vielmehr eine Laufbahn als erfolgreicher Bühnenautor des Burgtheaters und/oder als Feuilletonist der Neuen Freien Presse. Seine Anstrengungen blieben nicht erfolglos. Während er als Dramatiker eher als gutes Mittelmaß galt, etablierte er sich zuerst als Paris-Korrespondent, letztlich als gefeierter Feuilleton-Autor der angesehensten Zeitung Wiens, der Neuen Freien Presse. Dort anzukommen war aber ein Weg, der fast eine ganze Dekade in Anspruch nahm. Die vorliegende Studie hat sich als Ziel gesetzt, diesen bislang unerforschten, langen und oft nervenzermürbenden Prozess mit all den Versuchen, Ablehnungen, seelischen Tiefen, Hoffnungen und erneuten Anläufen darzustellen.
The use of virtual reality in education
Authors:   Prof. Asociado, University of Zaragoza, Spain, Mauri Medrano Marta
Published: May 2021

Recent technological developments in the field of teaching have brought significant changes in the daily practice of teaching. Due to the great development of computer resources, we must adapt the old and traditional teaching methods to the new technological conditions existing in our social environment. One of the latest developments in the field of education are the virtual reality techniques, which will change the course of our educational systems in few years. This transformation is currently present in the technologically advanced countries.
Motywacja młodzieży w zakresie wyboru kierunku studiów w świetle zmiennej – płeć
Authors:   Dr, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Chodkowski Zbigniew
Published: May 2021

Motivation is a factor influencing human activity from an early age through entire adulthood. It manifests itself in the three most important areas: play, education and work. These areas combine with each other in different proportions and they depend on many factors related to the living environment and the interests of the individual. The most important ones include care, upbringing, education, family environment, family atmosphere, social and economic conditions, health, and others. These factors shape the child's perception of the world, and also affect the individual in making important decisions, which include, among others, the choice of the field of study. The environment of people, objects, and place of living imply motives in creating human behaviour, which translates into his life aspirations.
Próba ujęcia modelu pracy pedagoga w kontekście środowiska szkolnego
Authors:   Dr, Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska, Bobik Bogumiła
Published: May 2021

The article is an attempt to present the model of work of a school counselor. It reviews the approaches to the styles and concepts of school counselors work described so far in the literature. It was assumed that the model is a certain image of reality, its possible shape. In the case of the school counselors, the model refers to the process of educational interactions. It always results from the existing school situation, tasks assigned to the educational psychologist and school counselor, the needs of students, parents and teachers, and the educational environment. Six models of the pedagogue's work were distinguished and described: a tutor and social activist, therapist, creative educator, mentor of children and youth, a pragmatist and coordinator of educational work at school, and an interventionist pedagogue. The presented models of work may constitute a proposal for effective planning of activities undertaken as part of psychological and pedagogical support.
Development of a digital image classification system to support technical assistance for Black Sigatoka detection
Authors: Escudero Cristian Andrés , Calvo Andrés Felipe , Martinez Arley Bejarano , López Ana María , Molina Alexander
Published: May 2021

Abstract A large percentage of Colombia’s economic activity corresponds to the agricultural sector. In this sector, plantains rank second in production and planted area. However this crop is affected by different diseases, among which The Black Sigatoka stands out, caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis. The disease highly reduces the production level of the crop and although there are prevention measures that allow reducing the incidence of the disease, there’s a lack of support for small producers in Colombia, who do not have technological tools to support the disease detection processes. This article outlines the development of a support system for the detection of black sigatoka using digital images. For this, a characterization process of the agricultural user is carried out, then, a machine learning methodology is implemented to classify the disease on a mobile device. The support system is validated through laboratory tests, field tests and the feedback from the agricultural user.
Root development and productivity of ‘Pérola’ pineapple as a function of fertigation management
Authors: Silva Fábio Oseias dos Reis , Zucoloto Moises , Ribeiro Ana Maria Alves de Souza , Bonomo Robson , Partelli Fábio Luiz , Nascimento Maria Laura Urbano
Published: May 2021

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate root development and productivity of ‘Pérola’ pineapple as a function of split N and K fertilization and fertigation management. Four different split nitrogen and potassium fertilizations were evaluated in combination, as well as four different fertigation managements. Root samples were analyzed using the Safira software and surface area, length, root volume per soil volume, root diameter, dry mass, specific surface and specific length were quantified. Average fruit mass and average productivity were also quantified. The different split fertilizations and fertigation management alternatives caused changes in the root system of ‘Pérola’ pineapple. Regarding dry root mass per cm3 of soil, irrigated and fertigated plants split in twenty-seven N applications and four K applications, was 0.106 g.cm3, while irrigated and fertigated plants split in fifty-four N applications and four K applications was 0.523 g.cm3. Regarding productivity and average fruit mass, monthly applications and in four K applications until the ninth month of plant age promote greater increments, while split nitrogen fertilization showed no influence.
Precision agriculture trends in fruit growing from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Lara Lucas Molz , Gebler Luciano , Leite Júnior Mirabor José , Soares Alencar Lucas
Published: May 2021

Abstract Brazilian fruit culture has a great influence on the social and economic sector in the most diverse regions of the country, generating employment and income in the exercise of its activities. As it is an activity carried out most often in a manual and conventional manner, fruit culture has a great potential for technological growth, especially when adopting the concepts applied by precision agriculture on the crops of grains, fibers and energy, creating a new segment, Precision Fruit Farming. The present work aims to carry out a bibliographic review on the main trends that have emerged in the last five years on Precision Fruit growing, highlighting its future perspectives and the history of technological evolution. 83 articles were analyzed, classified in different perennial cultures and applications, such as machine learning, remote sensing, robotics, using UAV to obtain different vegetation indexes, among others.
Anticipating the formation of guava seedlings using mini-grafting onto smaller-diameter clonal rootstocks
Authors: Arantes Mariana Barreto de Souza , Marinho Cláudia Sales , Santos Raudielle Ferreira dos , Galvão Sydney Pereira , Vaz Giuliana Pulitini , Viana Alexandre Pio
Published: May 2021

Abstract The production of grafted seedlings requires longer periods of time. The technique of mini-grafting onto rootstocks previously obtained from herbaceous cuttings can guarantee the genetic fidelity of scion and rootstock and allows grafting onto smaller-diameter stems, accelerating the time required to obtain seedlings. The aim of this study was to anticipate the formation of ‘Paluma’ guava seedlings grafted onto clonal rootstocks with smaller-diameter stems. Treatments consisted of grafting onto rootstocks with five stem diameter classes. The experimental design was randomised blocks with three replicates and five seedlings per plot. Rootstocks were produced from cuttings of herbaceous branches of mother plants originating from crossing between P. guineense and P. cattleianum. Mini-grafts were obtained from a clonal ‘Paluma’ guava mini-garden . Seedlings grafted onto rootstocks with stem diameters from 3.7 to 10.3 mm presented the same success rate however the greatest seedling vigour was observed when grafted onto larger-diameter rootstocks. Grafting success and seedling height show that mini-grafting onto clonal rootstocks with diameters from 3.7 to 5.5 mm allows producing seedlings suitable for transplanting 300 days after cutting.
Cytological aspects of compatible and incompatible interactions between cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) seedlings and isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) complex
Authors: Lopez Ana Maria Queijeiro , Lucas John Alexander
Published: May 2021

Abstract A strategy in the control anthracnose of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is the management of crop phenology and defense mechanisms of this host. In previous studies, under controlled conditions, the seedling reactions of 5 cashew clones (CAP-14, CCP-06, CCP-09, CCP-76 and CCP-1001) to 36 isolates of Colletorichum gloeosporioides Penz. complex (LARS- 905 to 940) was evaluated. However, good field management requires information about the infection process. This research aimed to clarify cytophysiological aspects of three compatible interactions of this pathosystem (isolates LARS-905 and 910 × CCP-76; LARS-910 × CCP-1001) and an incompatible one (LARS-905 × CCP-1001), using infected leaves/stems and microscopy (light, scanning and transmission electron). No significant differences were found prior to penetration. In the susceptible combinations, 36-66 h after inoculation, a thin primary hypha (TPH) formed in the invaded epidermal cell, widening as a large primary hypha (LPH), which filled the cell lumen simultaneously with accumulation of of yellow-brown lignopolysaccharides. Then, a thin secondary hypha (TSH) developed from the LPH, penetrating adjacent cells before the first became necrotic. In the incompatible interaction, the response of the first invaded cell was faster and more intense, with formation of papilla and lignopolysaccharide-protein-silicon complex usually blocking the pathogen.
Molecular characterization of a species in the genus Rubus in Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Moreno–Medina Brigitte Liliana , Casierra–Posada Fánor
Published: May 2021

Abstract Colombia is home to blackberry genetic resources which present a morphological diversity. The relevant characteristics related to its diversity are the presence of prickles, the shape of its leaves, the number and color of its fruits, and its enormous agro-industrial potential due bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. These plants can grow between 1,700 and 3,400 m asl and are cultivated in the central region of the country. The study evaluated 13 wild and cultivated plants from the genus Rubus. A molecular characterization was carried out using 16 SSR microsatellite markers, all of which produced positive amplification generating 23 loci and 26 alleles. The AMOVA indicated a molecular genetic differentiation of 23% between the groups which corresponded to the geographic location of the sample. The greatest contribution to variance is found within the groups (76%), possibly because each of them is composed of different cultivated species and wild relatives of the genus Rubus. This suggests that the grouping of the genotypes studied doesn’t necessarily correspond to geographical origin. However, the findings show high genetic variation, with an Fst value of 0.27. This may be useful in breeding programs where genetic diversity, morphological characteristics of the fruits, and the molecular identification of the fruits are taken into account.
Robotic thoracic surgery for inflammatory and infectious lung disease: initial experience in Brazil
Authors: LEITE PEDRO HENRIQUE CUNHA , MARIANI ALESSANDRO WASUM , ARAUJO PEDRO HENRIQUE XAVIER NABUCO DE , LIMA CARLOS EDUARDO TEIXEIRA , BRAGA FELIPE , HADDAD RUI , CAMPOS JOSÉ RIBAS MILANEZ DE , PEGO-FERNANDES PAULO MANUEL , TERRA RICARDO MINGARINI
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: in Latin America, especially Brazil, the use of a robotic platform for thoracic surgery is gradually increasing in recent years. However, despite tuberculosis and inflammatory pulmonary diseases are endemic in our country, there is a lack of studies describing the results of robotic surgical treatment of bronchiectasis. This study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes of robotic surgery for inflammatory and infective diseases by determining the extent of resection, postoperative complications, operative time, and length of hospital stay. Methods: retrospective study from a database involving patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis and undergoing robotic thoracic surgery at three hospitals in Brazil between January of 2017 and January of 2020. Results: a total of 7 patients were included. The mean age was 47 + 18.3 years (range, 18-70 years). Most patients had non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (n=5), followed by tuberculosis bronchiectasis (n=1) and lung abscess (n=1). The performed surgeries were lobectomy (n=3), anatomic segmentectomy (n=3), and bilobectomy (n=1). The median console time was 147 minutes (range 61-288 min.) and there was no need for conversion to open thoracotomy. There were no major complications. Postoperative complications occurred in one patient and it was a case of constipation with the need for an intestinal lavage. The median for chest tube time and hospital stay, in days, was 1 (range, 1-6 days) and 5 (range, 2-14 days) respectively. Conclusions: robotic thoracic surgery for inflammatory and infective diseases is a feasible and safe procedure, with a low risk of complications and morbidity.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by general surgery residents. Is it safe? How much does it cost?
Authors: SOUSA JORGE HENRIQUE BENTO DE , TUSTUMI FRANCISCO , STEINMAN MILTON , SANTOS OSCAR FERNANDO PAVÃO DOS
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed by residents of the first and second-year of a general surgery residency program. We studied the primary total cost of treatment and complication rates as primary outcomes, comparing the groups operated by senior and resident surgeons. Methods: this was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in a training hospital of large surgical volume in Brazil, in the period between June 1, 2018 and May 31, 2019. The study population comprised patients who underwent elective cholecystectomy due to uncomplicated chronic calculous cholecystitis or to the presence of gallbladder polyps with surgical indication. We divided the cases into three groups, based on the graduation of the main surgeon at the time of the procedure: first-year residents (R1), second-year residents (R2), and trained general surgeons (GS). Results: during the study period, 1,052 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed, of which 1,035 procedures met the inclusion criteria, with 78 (7.5%) patients operated on with the participation of first-year residents (R1), 500 (48.3%) patients with the participation of second-year residents (R2), and 457 (44.2%) with the participation of senior surgeons only. There was no difference in conversion rates, complications, and reporting of adverse events between groups. We observed a significant difference regarding hospitalization costs (p = 0.003), with a higher mean for the patients operated with the participation of R1, of US$ 2,671.13, versus US$ 2,414.60 and US$ 2,396.24 for the procedures performed by senior surgeons and R2, respectively. Conclusions: laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the participation of residents is safe, even in their first years of training. There is an additional cost of about 10% in the treatment of patient operated with the participation of first-year residents. There was no significant difference in the cost of the group operated by second-year residents.
Desfamiliarização e ficção científica: Uma abordagem de base schrödingeriana à construção do objeto literário
Authors: Murr Caroline Elisa
Published: May 2021

Resumo O presente artigo aborda a construção dos objetos literários na experiência humana, com base nas ideias de Schrödinger sobre a construção da realidade, publicadas entre 1928 e 1964. Sugere-se relacionar a construção de tais objetos aos processos de resgate de invariantes e de construção de objetos científicos, na abordagem schrödingeriana. No entanto, nota-se que essa abordagem não é suficiente para explicar certos casos. Assim, propõe-se adicionar a conceituação de desfamiliarização, concebida por Shklovsky, em 1917, e revisitada por Banes, em 2003. Essa concepção consiste basicamente em tornar estranho o que é familiar, provocando a atenção na sua direção e despertando a consciência, através de uma experiência marcante. A desfamiliarização mostra-se adequada para descrever momentos em que há quebra de expectativas e resgate de sensações. Este trabalho explora, ainda, exemplos que ilustram esses processos, examinando trechos de obras de H. G. Wells e enfatizando os objetos científicos que são resgatados na ficção. Esta análise evidencia que tais objetos passam por desfamiliarização, embora de forma distinta dos objetos cotidianos. Além disso, alguns dos trechos ressaltados sugerem que a desfamiliarização é acentuada na leitura de ficção científica.
A tese da mente estendida à luz do externismo ativo: como tornar Otto responsivo a razões?
Authors: Carvalho Eros Moreira de
Published: May 2021

Resumo A tese da mente estendida sustenta que alguns estados mentais e processos cognitivos se estendem para além do cérebro e do corpo do indivíduo. Itens externos ao organismo ou ações envolvendo a exploração ou manipulação do ambiente externo podem constituir, em parte, alguns estados mentais ou processos cognitivos. No artigo inaugural de Clark e Chalmers, “The Extended Mind”, essa tese recebe apoio do princípio da paridade e do externismo ativo. No artigo dos filósofos, é dada maior ênfase ao princípio da paridade, o qual é apresentado como neutro em relação à natureza da cognição. Seria uma vantagem que as extensões propostas não envolvessem uma reforma da nossa concepção pré-teórica de cognição. Neste texto, propõe-se que maior ênfase seja dada ao externismo ativo, o qual não é neutro em relação à natureza da cognição. A cognição é elaborada como adaptação bem-sucedida a uma tarefa específica. Embora esse movimento possa parecer desvantajoso, ele é necessário para a correta compreensão e defesa do caso Otto. Além disso, o princípio da paridade não dá conta da crítica de Weiskopf de que os registros no caderno de notas de Otto não são responsivos a razões. Para responder a essa crítica, é necessário mobilizar o externismo ativo e a consequente compreensão da cognição que ele envolve.
El iusnaturalismo frente a la ley de Hume: El caso de la New Natural Law Theory y sus críticos.
Authors: Lira Felipe Widow
Published: May 2021

Resumen Según autores como Grisez y Finnis, la teoría clásica de la ley natural es inmune a la crítica contenida en el argumento de la ley de Hume, porque aquella teoría no aspira a derivar la ética de la metafísica, ni los enunciados prácticos de enunciados fácticos. La autonomía de la razón práctica, sostienen estos autores, permite una explicación de la teoría de la ley natural que no exige ningún recurso a la metafísica o a cualquier otro conocimiento teórico de la naturaleza. Esta tesis ha sido fuertemente discutida por autores vinculados al neo-tomismo que niegan la validez de la regla lógica expresada en la ley de Hume y, a la vez, afirman que la teoría tomista de la ley natural sólo se sostiene sobre sus fundamentos metafísicos. Esta discusión, sin embargo, es manifestativa de la equivocidad con que unos y otros han recibido la ley de Hume, y de la falta de análisis sobre sus supuestos y sobre el modo en que tales supuestos dialogan con la tradición clásica del iusnaturalismo.
Esclarecimento e dominação masculina
Authors: Santos Patrícia da Silva
Published: May 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é interpretar o livro Dialética do esclarecimento e seus principais argumentos, considerando a dominação masculina que perpassa a racionalidade moderna. Para isso, sugere-se uma interpretação acerca do entrelaçamento entre mito e esclarecimento, durante o processo de civilização ocidental, indicando que os argumentos de Adorno e Horkheimer tomam a modernidade como um projeto fundamentalmente masculino.