PERANAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP POPULASI Helopeltis spp. dan Sanurus indecora PADA JAMBU METE
Authors: KARMAWATI ELNA 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK<br />Untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap tingkat<br />serangan serangga hama utama pada pertanaman jambu mete telah<br />dilakukan penelitian di Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Pengamatan pada<br />tanaman contoh telah dilaksanakan selama musim kemarau dan musim<br />hujan dari bulan Juni 2004 sampai dengan Maret 2005 di dua tempat yang<br />berbeda keadaannya yaitu Desa Tanah Sebang dan Sambik Jengkel.<br />Keduanya terletak di Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat.<br />Dari masing-masing lokasi diamati 40 tanaman contoh secara acak, 20 dari<br />pertanaman monokultur dan 20 dari pola tanam campuran jambu mete<br />dengan tanaman lainnya. Variabel yang diamati adalah (a) populasi<br />Helopeltis spp. per tanaman, (b) populasi Sanurus indecora per tanaman,<br />(c) banyaknya pucuk terserang Helopeltis spp., (d) banyaknya pucuk<br />terserang S. indecora, (e) banyaknya koloni semut per pohon, (f)<br />persentase telur yang terparasit, (g) suhu, kelembaban dan curah hujan<br />harian, (h) jenis tanaman sela yang menjadi tanaman inang alternatif hama,<br />(i) banyaknya musuh/gulma di sekeliling tanaman, (j) jumlah bunga<br />hermaprodit dan buah jadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas<br />serangan dan populasi Helopeltis spp. dan S. indecora jambu mete<br />berbeda antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Pada musim kemarau,<br />hanya sisa-sisa serangan Helopeltis spp. pada pucuk yang kelihatan,<br />populasi tidak ditemukan. Populasi S. indecora selalu ada selama musim<br />kemarau. Pada musim hujan yaitu bulan Januari sampai Maret, pucuk<br />mulai muncul, populasi dan serangan Helopeltis spp. mulai kelihatan.<br />Tingkat serangan kedua hama tersebut berbeda antara lokasi Tanah Sebang<br />dan Sambik Jengkel. Di Tanah Sebang, persentase pucuk yang diserang S.<br />indecora (23,1%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pucuk yang diserang<br />Helopeltis (3,8-7,4%), sedang di Sambik Jengkel persentase pucuk yang<br />diserang Helopeltis spp (43,8-54,6%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan S.<br />indecora (11,5-22,3%). Faktor utama yang memegang peranan adalah<br />tanaman inang alternatif yang berada pada pola tanam campuran, iklim<br />mikro (suhu, kelembaban dan radiasi matahari) serta interaksi antara S.<br />indecora, Helopeltis spp. dan semut predator.<br />Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale, faktor lingkungan,<br />Helopeltis spp., Sanurus indecora, populasi, Nusa Tenggara<br />Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Role of environment factors on the population of<br />Helopeltis Spp. and Sanurus indecora on cashew<br />plantation<br />An experiment to find out the effect of environment factors on the<br />attack of insect pests on cashew plantation was carried out in West<br />Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The experiment was<br />conducted in hot and rainy seasons from June 2004 to March 2005 in two<br />locations : Tanah Sebang and Sambik Jengkel. These were located in the<br />same district (Kecamatan Kayangan, West Lombok District). In 40 sample<br />plants were observed : 20 from monoculture and 20 from polyculture<br />(mixed cropping). The variables observed were (a) Helopeltis population<br />per plant (b) S. indecora population per plant, (c) number of shoots<br />attacked by Helopeltis, (d) number of shoots attacked by. S. indecora, (e)<br />number of ant colonies per plant, (f) percentage of eggs parasitoid, (g)<br />temperature, relative humidity, daily raindrops, (h) type of intercrops as<br />alternative hosts, (i) litters or weeds surrounding the plantation, (j) number<br />of hermaphrodite flowers and fruits. The research result showed that the<br />population and damage intensity were different between hot and rainy<br />seasons. In dry season, only the symptom of Helopeltis damage was seen.<br />The population S. indecora always existed during the dry season. In the<br />rainy season from January to March, shoots started to appear, also the<br />population of Helopeltis. The injury level was different between those two<br />insects. At Tanah Sebang the shoots attacked by S. indecora was 23.1%<br />higher than that of Helopeltis (3.8-7.4%), while in Sambik Jengkel, the<br />shoots attacked by Helopeltis was (43.8-54.6%) higher than that of S.<br />indecora (11.5-22.3%). The main factors played roles in the environment<br />were alternate hosts, micro climate and interaction between S. indecora,<br />Helopeltis spp. and predator ants.<br />Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, environment factors<br />Helopeltis spp., Sanurus indecora, population, West Nusa<br />Tenggara