bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapists' Benefits from Conducting Psychotherapy: The Case of Social Workers
Authors: Lazar Amnon , Guttmann Joseph
Published: October 2003

Objective: This study examines social workers' benefits from conducting psychotherapy

Method: The Therapist's Psychological Benefit Questionnaire (TPBQ), which includes six dimensions of benefits, was administered to 114 clinical social workers. Results: Participants were found to benefit most from Vocational Benefits and Self-Improvement, followed by Narcissistic Gains and Improved Relationships. Benefits related to Object Relations were ranked third, and those related to Fulfillment of Needs were ranked last. These results are discussed in light of the various theoretical-qualitative descriptions of therapists' gains from psychotherapy. Also discussed are the rankings of specific items included in the different dimensions. Conclusions: The participants are clearly not “selfless givers,” thereby confirming the claim of many theoreticians that therapists benefit psychologically from their helping role.
Perceptions of the Police by Female Victims of Domestic Partner Violence
Authors: Apsler Robert , Cummins Michele R. , Carl Steven
Published: October 2003

For this study, 95 consecutive female victims who came to the attention of the police for a domestic violence incident involving a partner were interviewed. Victims' helpfulness ratings of police were very positive, and more than 80% would definitely call the police for help in the future. Most victims wanting their offenders arrested or wanting help with a restraining order received the help. However, many victims wanting help finding counseling were not helped. The impact on helpfulness ratings of receiving or not receiving desired assistance was mixed. Police arresting offenders despite victims' objections did not diminish victims' willingness to call the police in the future.
Toward a Radical Understanding of Trauma and Trauma Work
Authors: Burstow Bonnie
Published: October 2003

The purpose of this article is to help pave the way for more radical counseling with traumatized individuals, communities, and nations. The author critiques the post-traumatic stress disorder conceptualization and psychiatry fundamentally, builds on and critiques feminist and other radical contributions to trauma theory, suggests directions for feminists, theorizes trauma from a radical perspective, and draws implications for practice. Conclusions include the following: A deficit trauma model is inappropriate; institutions of the state must be seen as critical in the creation of trauma; there must be a fundamental break with psychiatry; and trauma work should move in the direction of radical adult education.
Political Knowledge and Gender Stereotypes
Authors: Sanbonmatsu Kira
Published: October 2003

This study uses original data to investigate the individual-level determinants of voters' political gender stereotypes. I find that beliefs about men's emotional suitability for politics predict voter stereotypes about the ability of politicians to handle issues, whereas political knowledge predicts voter stereotypes about politicians' issue positions. Therefore, whereas some political gender stereotypes can primarily be explained by beliefs about the traits of men and women in general, other stereotypes are more related to knowledge about politics. This study suggests that whereas some political gender stereotypes may change if differences in the behavior of men and women politicians narrow, other stereotypes may be more enduring and less susceptible to change.
Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review
Authors: Block Keith I. , Mead Mark N.
Published: October 2003

Traditional herbal medicine provides several remedies for strengthening the body's resistance to illness through effects on immune system components. This review article examines 3 popular herbal immune stimulants that are often of interest to cancer patients. Echinacea, a native of North America, is widely used to prevent, or provide early treatment for, colds. Preclinical studies lend biological plausibility to the idea that echinacea works through immune mechanisms. Numerous clinical trials have been carried out on echinacea preparations: it appears that the extracts shorten the duration and severity of colds and other upper respiratory infections (URIs) when given as soon as symptoms become evident. However, trials of long-term use of echinacea as a preventive have not shown positive results. Ginseng has been studied in some depth as an antifatigue agent, but studies of immune mechanisms have not proceeded so far. Preclinical evidence shows some immune-stimulating activity. There have been several clinical trials in a variety of different diseases. Astragalus is the least-studied agent. There are some preclinical trials that show intriguing immune activity. The herbs discussed appear to have satisfactory safety profiles. Cancer patients may wish to use these botanicals to inhibit tumor growth or to boost resistance to infections. However, passive immunotherapy with herbs, with no mechanism to expose tumor antigens, is unlikely to be effective in inhibiting tumor growth. Although the margin of safety for these herbs is large, more research is needed to demonstrate the clear value of using herbs to improve resistance to infections.
Patients’ Perceptions of Quality of Life After Treatment for Early Prostate Cancer
Authors: Clark Jack A. , Inui Thomas S. , Silliman Rebecca A. , Bokhour Barbara G. , Krasnow Steven H. , Robinson Richard A. , Spaulding Monica , Talcott James A.
Published: October 2003

Purpose: Treatment for early prostate cancer produces problematic physical side effects, but prior studies have found little influence on patients’ perceived health status. We examined psychosocial outcomes of treatment for early prostate cancer.

Patients and Methods: Patients with previously treated prostate cancer and a reference group of men with a normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and no history of prostate cancer completed questionnaires. Innovative scales assessed behavioral consequences of urinary dysfunction, sexuality, health worry, PSA concern, perceived cancer control, treatment decision making, decision regret, and cancer-related outlook. Urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction were assessed with symptom indexes; health status was assessed by the Physical and Mental Summaries of the Short Form (SF-12) Health Survey.

Results: Compared with men without prostate cancer, prostate cancer patients reported greater urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction, but similar health status. They reported worse problems of urinary control, sexual intimacy and confidence, and masculinity, and greater PSA concern. Perceptions of cancer control and treatment decisions were positive, but varied by treatment: prostatectomy patients indicated the highest and observation patients indicated the lowest cancer control. Bowel and sexual dysfunction were associated with poorer sexual intimacy, masculinity, and perceived cancer control; masculinity and PSA concern were associated with greater confidence in treatment choice; and diminished sexual intimacy and less interest in PSA were associated with greater regret.

Conclusion: The lack of change in global measures of health status after treatment for early prostate cancer obscures important influences in men’s lives; cancer diagnosis and treatment complications may result in complex outcomes. Aggressive treatment may confer confidence in cancer control, yet be countered by diminished intimate relationships and masculinity, which accompany sexual dysfunction.
The aerodynamics of avian take-off from direct pressure measurements in Canada geese (Branta canadensis)
Authors: Usherwood James R. , Hedrick Tyson L. , Biewener Andrew A.
Published: October 2003

Direct pressure measurements using electronic differential pressure transducers along bird wings provide insight into the aerodynamics of these dynamically varying aerofoils. Acceleration-compensated pressures were measured at five sites distributed proximally to distally from the tertials to the primaries along the wings of Canada geese. During take-off flight,ventral-to-dorsal pressure is maintained at the proximal wing section throughout the wingstroke cycle, whereas pressure sense is reversed at the primaries during upstroke. The distal sites experience double pressure peaks during the downstroke. These observations suggest that tertials provide weight-support throughout the wingbeat, that the wingtip provides thrust during upstroke and that the kinetic energy of the rapidly flapping wings may be dissipated via retarding aerodynamic forces (resulting in aerodynamic work) at the end of downstroke.
Burrow surveillance in fiddler crabs II. The sensory cues
Authors: Hemmi Jan M. , Zeil J.
Published: October 2003

Using crab-like dummies, we have shown previously that fiddler crabs[Uca vomeris (McNeill)] defend their burrows against intruders in a burrow-centred frame of reference. The crabs respond whenever an intruder approaches to within a certain distance of the burrow entrance, and this distance is independent of the approach direction. We show here that the crabs combine information from the path integration system on the location of their invisible burrow and visual information on the retinal position of an intruder to make this allocentric judgement. Excluding all alternative visual cues, we propose that the crabs employ a small set of matched visual filters to determine the relationship between a crab-like object and the invisible burrow. To account for the constantly varying distance between the crabs and their burrows, the state of the path integrator may select the appropriate one of these retinal `warning zones'. We have shown before that burrow-owning fiddler crabs are extremely responsive to potential burrow snatchers, which we simulated with crab-like dummies moving across the substratum towards the burrow of residents. The crab's decision to respond to these dummies depends mainly on the spatial arrangement between itself, its burrow and the approaching dummy. The most important factor predicting response probability is the dummy's distance from the crab's burrow: the crabs are more likely to respond the closer the dummy approaches the burrow. The dummy-burrow distance not only determines the overall response probability but also the timing of burrow defence responses (i.e. when the crabs decide to react). Most interestingly, this response distance is independent of the dummy's direction of approach to the burrow. In addition, the crabs respond earlier to a dummy approaching their burrow if they themselves are further away from it,indicating that knowledge of their own distance from the burrow has an influence on their decision to respond. These results raise a number of interesting issues, which are the focus of this paper, regarding the cues and the information used by the crabs in burrow surveillance.
A fair deal for care in older age? Public attitudes towards the funding of long-term care
Authors: Deeming Chris , Keen Justin
Published: October 2003

English

The government has made nursing care in England and Wales free, while continuing to means-test personal care. This policy contrasts with the recommendation for free personal care made by the Royal Commission on Long-term Care in 1999. This article reports on a survey of attitudes towards financing care in old age from a representative sample of men and women in England aged 25 years and over. The majority of people feel that the state should finance care for older people. The article discusses the extent to which this is consistent with the government’s position and the competing notions of equity that recent debate entails.
The Greater London Authority: problems of strategy integration
Authors: West Karen , Scanlon Kath , Thornley Andy , Rydin Yvonne
Published: October 2003

English

The Act that established the Greater London Authority (GLA) incorporated many of New Labour’s aspirations for modern governance. Among those aspirations was the notion of policy integration, or ‘joining up’. The Mayor of Greater London was required to develop a number of strategies, broadly in the planning and environmental policy domains, and to ensure that those strategies meshed into a coherent overall strategy for promoting London’s economic, social and environmental well-being. How would this work in practice, given the need for coordination between the GLA and a number of related functional bodies, and given the political imperative for the GLA to make an impact quickly? Through our analysis of the strategy development and integration efforts of the GLA in its first nine months, we have gleaned new insights into the highly complex and difficult process of policy integration. We argue that the high aspirations of the Act for policy integration have not been met, policy integration instead being narrowly interpreted as the coordination of strategies to the Mayor’s political agenda. Finally, we reflect on the likelihood of the GLA, as currently constituted, evolving to meet the functional requirement of policy integration.
On being loud and proud: Non‐conformity and counter‐conformity to group norms
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J. , Majkut Louise , Terry Deborah J. , McKimmie Blake M.
Published: October 2003

Most experiments on conformity have been conducted in relation to judgments of physical reality; surprisingly few papers have experimentally examined the influence of group norms on social issues with a moral component. In response to this, participants were told that they were either in a minority or in a majority relative to their university group in terms of their attitudes toward recognition of gay couples in law (Expt 1: N = 205) and a government apology to Aborigines (Expt 2: N = 110). In both experiments, it was found that participants who had a weak moral basis for their attitude conformed to the group norm on private behaviours. In contrast, those who had a strong moral basis for their attitude showed non‐conformity on private behaviours and counter‐conformity on public behaviours. Incidences of non‐conformity and counter‐conformity are discussed with reference to theory and research on normative influence.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Pérez-Chada Lourdes M. , Hopkins Zachary H. , Balak Deepak M. W. , Rashid Sarem , Creadore Andrew , Chu Brian , Villa Camila , Woodbury Michael J. , Armstrong April W. , Strand Vibeke , Gottlieb Alice B. , Merola Joseph F. , Barbieri John S.
Published: January 2024

Importance

Multiple patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for health-related quality of life (HRQL) exist for patients with psoriasis. Evidence for the content validity and other measurement properties of these PROMs is critical to determine which HRQL PROMs could be recommended for use.

Objective

To systematically review the validity of HRQL-focused PROMs used in patients with psoriasis.

Evidence Review

Using PubMed and Embase, full-text articles published in English or Spanish on development or validation studies for psoriasis-specific, dermatology-specific, or generic HRQL PROMs were included. Development studies included original development studies, even if not studied in psoriasis patients per Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) recommendations. If a study included multiple diagnoses, more than 50% of patients had to have psoriasis or psoriasis-specific subgroup analyses available. Data extraction and analysis followed the COSMIN guidelines. Two independent reviewers extracted and analyzed the data, including PROM characteristics, quality of measurement properties (structural validity, internal consistency, cross-cultural validity, reliability, measurement error, criterion validity, construct validity, and responsiveness), and level of evidence. PROMs were classified into 3 levels of recommendations: (1) PROM recommended for use; (2) PROM requires further validation; and (3) PROM not recommended for use.

Findings

Overall, 97 articles were identified for extraction. This included 19 psoriasis-specific, 8 skin-specific, and 6 generic PROMs. According to COSMIN standards, most measures identified received a B recommendation for use, indicating their potential but requiring further validation. Only the Rasch reduced version of the Impact of Psoriasis Questionnaire (IPSO-11 Rasch) received an A recommendation for use given that it had sufficient content validity, structural validity, and internal consistency.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study identified a significant lack of information concerning the quality of HRQL measures in psoriasis. This gap in knowledge can be attributed to the fact that traditional measures were developed using validation criteria that differ from the current standards in use. Consequently, additional validation studies in accordance with contemporary standards will be useful in aiding researchers and clinicians in determining the most suitable measure for assessing HRQL in patients with psoriasis.
Rape-Related Pregnancies in the 14 US States With Total Abortion Bans
Authors: Dickman Samuel L. , White Kari , Himmelstein David U. , Lupez Emily , Schrier Elizabeth , Woolhandler Steffie
Published: January 2024

This cross-sectional study estimates the incidence of rape-related pregnancies in US states with abortion bans.
Assessing the Ambulatory Surgery Center Volume-Outcome Association
Authors: Jain Siddharth , Rosenbaum Paul R. , Reiter Joseph G. , Ramadan Omar I. , Hill Alexander S. , Silber Jeffrey H. , Fleisher Lee A.
Published: January 2024

Importance

In surgical patients, it is well known that higher hospital procedure volume is associated with better outcomes. To our knowledge, this volume-outcome association has not been studied in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) in the US.

Objective

To determine if low-volume ASCs have a higher rate of revisits after surgery, particularly among patients with multimorbidity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This matched case-control study used Medicare claims data and analyzed surgeries performed during 2018 and 2019 at ASCs. The study examined 2328 ASCs performing common ambulatory procedures and analyzed 4751 patients with a revisit within 7 days of surgery (defined to be either 1 of 4735 revisits or 1 of 16 deaths without a revisit). These cases were each closely matched to 5 control patients without revisits (23 755 controls). Data were analyzed from January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2019.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Seven-day revisit in patients (cases) compared with the matched patients without the outcome (controls) in ASCs with low volume (less than 50 procedures over 2 years) vs higher volume (50 or more procedures).

Results

Patients at a low-volume ASC had a higher odds of a 7-day revisit vs patients who had their surgery at a higher-volume ASC (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.36; P = .001). The odds of revisit for patients with multimorbidity were higher at low-volume ASCs when compared with higher-volume ASCs (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.27-1.94; P < .001). Among patients with multimorbidity in low-volume ASCs, for those who underwent orthopedic procedures, the odds of revisit were 84% higher (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.36-2.50; P < .001) vs higher-volume centers, and for those who underwent general surgery or other procedures, the odds of revisit were 36% higher (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.83; P = .05) vs a higher-volume center. The findings were not statistically significant for patients without multimorbidity.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this observational study, the surgical volume of an ASC was an important indicator of patient outcomes. Older patients with multimorbidity should discuss with their surgeon the optimal location of their care.
Systematic evaluation of spatial resolution and gamma criteria for quality assurance with detector arrays in stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Stedem Ann‐Kathrin , Tutty Mark , Chofor Ndimofor , Langhans Marco , Kleefeld Christoph , Schönfeld Andreas A.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To characterize detector array spacing and gamma index for quality assurance (QA) of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) deliveries. Use the Nyquist theorem to determine the required detector spacing in SRS fields, and find optimal gamma indices to detect MLC errors using the SRS MapCHECK, ArcCHECK, and a portal imaging device (EPID).

Methods

The required detector spacing was determined via Fourier analysis of small radiation fields and profiles of typical SRS treatment plans. The clinical impact of MLC errors of 0.5, 1, and 2 mm was evaluated. Global gamma (low‐dose threshold 10%) was evaluated for the three detector systems using various combinations of the distance to agreement and the dose difference.

Results

While MLC errors only slightly affected mean dose to PTV and a 2 mm thick surrounding structure (PTV_2 mm), significant PTV underdose incurred with increase in maximum dose to PTV_2 mm. Gamma indices with highest sensitivity to the introduced errors at 95% tolerance level for plans on target volumes of 3.2 cm3 (plan 3 cc) and 35.02 cm3 (plan 35 cc) were 2%/1 mm for the SRS MapCHECK and 2%/3 mm for the ArcCHECK, with 3%/1 mm (plan 3cc) and 2%/1 mm (plan 35cc) for the EPID. Drops in passing rates for a 2 mm MLC error were (46.2%, 41.6%) for the SRS MapCHECK and (12.2%, 4.2%) for the ArcCHECK for plan 3cc and plan 35cc, respectively. For Portal Dose, values were 4.5% (plan 3cc) and 7% (plan 35cc). The Nyquist frequency of two SRS dose distributions lie between 0.26  and 0.1 mm−1, corresponding to detector spacings of 1.9 and 5 mm. Evaluation of SRS MapCHECK data with doubled detector density indicates that increased detector density may reduce the system's sensitivity to errors, necessitating a tighter gamma index.

Conclusions

The present results give insight on the performance of detector arrays and gamma indices for the investigated detectors during SRS QA.
Solid Electrolyte Bimodal Grain Structures for Improved Cycling Performance
Authors: Jia Zhanhui , Shen Hao , Kou Jiawei , Zhang Tianyi , Wang Zhen , Tang Wei , Doeff Marca , Chiang Ching‐Yu , Chen Kai
Published: January 2024

The application of solid‐state electrolytes in Li batteries is hampered by the occurrence of Li‐dendrite‐caused short circuits. To avoid cell failure, the electrolytes can only be stressed with rather low current densities, severely restricting their performance. As grain size and pore distributions significantly affect dendrite growth in ceramic electrolytes such as Li7La3Zr2O12 and its variants; here, a “detour and buffer” strategy to bring the superiority of both coarse and fine grains into play, is proposed. To validate the mechanism, a coarse/fine bimodal grain microstructure is obtained by seeding unpulverized large particles in the green body. The rearrangement of coarse grains and fine pores is fine‐tuned by changing the ratio of pulverized and unpulverized powders. The optimized bimodal microstructure, obtained when the two powders are equally mixed, allows, without extra interface decoration, cycling for over 2000 h as the current density is increased from 1.0 mA·cm−2, and gradually, up to 2.0 mA·cm−2. The “detour and buffer” effects are confirmed from postmortem analysis. The complex grain boundaries formed by fine grains discourage the direct infiltration of Li. Simultaneously, the coarse grains further increase the tortuosity of the Li path. This study sheds light on the microstructure optimization for the polycrystalline solid‐state electrolytes.
Soft‐Hard Janus Nanoparticles Triggered Hierarchical Conductors with Large Stretchability, High Sensitivity, and Superior Mechanical Properties
Authors: He Hailing , Yang Tiantian , Liu Tianlin , Gao Yeqi , Zhang Zhaoyuan , Yang Zhenzhong , Liang Fuxin
Published: January 2024

There is a long‐standing conflict between the large stretchability and high sensitivity for strain sensors, a strategy of decoupling the mechanical/electrical module by constructing the hierarchical conductor has been developed in this study. The hierarchical conductor, consisting of a mechanically stretchable layer, a conductive network layer, and a strongly bonded interface, can be produced in a simple one‐step process with the aid of soft‐hard Janus nanoparticles (JNPs). The introduction of JNPs in the stretchable layer can evenly distribute stress and dissipate energy due to forming the rigid‐flexible homogeneous networks. Specifically, JNPs can drive graphene nanosheets (GNS) to fold or curl, creating the unique JNPs‐GNS building block that can further construct the conductive network. Due to its excellent deformability to hinder crack propagation, the flexible conductive network could be stretched continuously and the local conductive pathways could be reconstructed. Consequently, the hierarchical conductor could detect both subtle strain of 0−2% and large strain of up to 370%, with a gauge factor (GF) from 66.37 to 971.70, demonstrating outstanding stretchability and sensitivity. And it also owns large tensile strength (5.28 MPa) and high deformation stability. This hierarchical design will give graphene‐based sensors a major boost in emerging applications.
Injectable Microgels with Hybrid Exosomes of Chondrocyte‐Targeted FGF18 Gene‐Editing and Self‐Renewable Lubrication for Osteoarthritis Therapy
Authors: Chen Manyu , Lu Yan , Liu Yuhan , Liu Quanying , Deng Siyan , Liu Yuan , Cui Xiaolin , Liang Jie , Zhang Xingdong , Fan Yujiang , Wang Qiguang
Published: January 2024

Abnormal silencing of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling significantly contributes to joint dysplasia and osteoarthritis (OA); However, the clinical translation of FGF18‐based protein drugs is hindered by their short half‐life, low delivery efficiency and the need for repeated articular injections. This study proposes a CRISPR/Cas9‐based approach to effectively activate the FGF18 gene of OA chondrocytes at the genome level in vivo, using chondrocyte‐affinity peptide (CAP) incorporated hybrid exosomes (CAP/FGF18‐hyEXO) loaded with an FGF18‐targeted gene‐editing tool. Furthermore, CAP/FGF18‐hyEXO are encapsulated in methacrylic anhydride‐modified hyaluronic (HAMA) hydrogel microspheres via microfluidics and photopolymerization to create an injectable microgel system (CAP/FGF18‐hyEXO@HMs) with self‐renewable hydration layers to provide persistent lubrication in response to frictional wear. Together, the injectable CAP/FGF18‐hyEXO@HMs, combined with in vivo FGF18 gene editing and continuous lubrication, have demonstrated their capacity to synergistically promote cartilage regeneration, decrease inflammation, and prevent ECM degradation both in vitro and in vivo, holding great potential for clinical translation.
Biomaterial‐Facilitated Local Delivery of Stem Cell‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: Perspectives in Surgical Therapy
Authors: Tan Fei , Xu Maoxiang , Li Xuran , Wang Zhao , Li Jiaojiao , Shahzad Khawar Ali
Published: January 2024

Stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have shown tremendous potential in regenerative medicine in recent years. These sEVs exert multiple therapeutic effects comparable or superior to their parental stem cells while avoiding the limitations of stem cell‐based therapy. The two routine modalities of sEV administration are systemic injection and local delivery. Various biomaterials are developed to assist their local delivery to improve the targeting of organs, minimize nonspecific accumulation in vital organs, and ensure the protection and release of sEVs. This comprehensive, up‐to‐date, specialty‐specific, disease‐oriented, and preclinical review is presented to expound on the surgical application and potential of stem cell‐derived sEVs. The local delivery of stem cell‐derived sEVscan treat numerous diseases encountered in orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, general surgery, urology, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, obstetrics and gynecology, and dental surgery. In addition, the biomaterials utilized encompass a wide range of sources (e.g., natural, synthetic, and hybrid polymers), format (e.g., scaffold, patch, spray, microneedle), and responsiveness (e.g., temperature, pH, and protein), which enables customized sEV therapy tailored to specific diseases. This review demonstrates biomaterial‐facilitated local delivery of stem cell‐derived sEVs as a viable alternative or even a superior option to systemic sEV therapy.
Intelligent Modeling and Optimization of Solar Plant Production Integration in the Smart Grid Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Abubakar Muhammad , Che Yanbo , Faheem Muhammad , Bhutta Muhammad Shoaib , Mudasar Abdul Qadeer
Published: January 2024

To address the rising energy demands in industrial and public sectors, integrating zero‐carbon emission energy sources into the power grid is crucial. Smart grids, equipped with advanced sensing, computing, and communication technologies, offer an efficient way to incorporate renewable energy resources and manage power systems effectively. However, improving solar energy efficiency, which currently contributes around 3.6% to global electricity, is a challenge in smart grid infrastructures. This research tackles this issue by deploying machine learning models, specifically recurrent neural network (RNN), long short‐term memory (LSTM), and gate recurrent unit (GRU), to predict measurements that could enhance solar power generation in smart grids. The objective is to boost both performance and accuracy of solar power generation in the smart grid. The study conducts experimental analyses and performance evaluations of these models in smart grid environments, considering factors like power output, irradiance, and performance ratio. The results, presented through graphical visualizations, show notable improvements, particularly with the LSTM model, which achieves a 97% accuracy, outperforming the RNN and GRU models. This outcome highlights the LSTM model's effectiveness in accurately predicting measurements, thereby advancing solar power generation efficiency in the smart grid framework.
Lead exposure and its relationship with fecal cortisol levels in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra)
Authors: Alvarez‐Velazquez María Fernanda , González‐Jáuregui Mauricio , Miranda Sergio Albino , Rosano‐Ortega Genoveva , Chapman Colin A. , Serio‐Silva Juan Carlos
Published: January 2024

Efficiently detecting early environmental threats to wildlife is vital for conservation. Beyond obvious dangers like habitat loss or deforestation, our study focuses on one of the most hazardous toxic metals for wildlife: lead (Pb). Pb is a widespread, cumulative, and insidious environmental pollutant that can trigger a wide range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioral disorders. In fact, Pb can cause permanent dysfunction of the major stress system, the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. We analyzed Pb and cortisol concentrations in fecal samples from Alouatta pigra in southern Mexico. Fecal samples were collected across six sites categorized as free‐ranging (n = 65; conserved and disturbed) and from captive animals (n = 58). Additionally, we collected soil samples (n = 35). We found that Pb was present in 28% of fecal samples and 83% of soil samples. There was a positive relation between fecal and soil Pb levels, and fecal Pb concentration was negatively associated with cortisol levels. However, the claim of Pb being a direct interference with HPA axis requires further investigation. Given our findings, assessing wildlife exposure can be a valuable tool for understanding potential Pb exposure levels in the environment and its possible implications for human health. It can also serve as an early warning system of these consequences.
Cyano‐Functionalized Pyrazine: A Structurally Simple and Easily Accessible Electron‐Deficient Building Block for n‐Type Organic Thermoelectric Polymers
Authors: Tu Lijun , Wang Junwei , Wu Ziang , Li Jianfeng , Yang Wanli , Liu Bin , Wu Siqi , Xia Xiaomin , Wang Yimei , Woo Han Young , Shi Yongqiang
Published: January 2024

Developing low‐cost and high‐performance n‐type polymer semiconductors is essential to accelerate the application of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). To achieve this objective, it is critical to design strong electron‐deficient building blocks with simple structure and easy synthesis, which are essential for the development of n‐type polymer semiconductors. Herein, we synthesized two cyano‐functionalized highly electron‐deficient building blocks, namely 3,6‐dibromopyrazine‐2‐carbonitrile (CNPz) and 3,6‐Dibromopyrazine‐2,5‐dicarbonitrile (DCNPz), which feature simple structures and facile synthesis. CNPz and DCNPz can be obtained via only one‐step reaction and three‐step reactions from cheap raw materials, respectively. Based on CNPz and DCNPz, two acceptor–acceptor (A–A) polymers, P(DPP‐CNPz) and P(DPP‐DCNPz) are successfully developed, featuring deep‐positioned lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, which are beneficial to n‐type organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) and OTEs performance. An optimal unipolar electron mobility of 0.85 and 1.85 cm2 V−1 s−1 is obtained for P(DPP‐CNPz) and P(DPP‐DCNPz), respectively. When doped with N‐DMBI, P(DPP‐CNPz) and P(DPP‐DCNPz) show high n‐type electrical conductivities/power factors of 25.3 S cm−1/41.4 μW m−1 K−2, and 33.9 S cm−1/30.4 μW m−1 K−2, respectively. Hence, the cyano‐functionalized pyrazine CNPz and DCNPz represent a new class of structurally simple, low‐cost and readily accessible electron‐deficient building block for constructing n‐type polymer semiconductors.
Optical properties of Cu, Ag, and Au nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes
Authors: Michos Fotios I. , Chronis Alexandros G. , Garoufalis Christos S. , Sigalas Michael M.
Published: January 2024

The absorption spectra of various sizes of nanoparticles of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) are theoretically investigated. The density functional theory (DFT), time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT), and real‐time TDDFT are used to demonstrate how size and shape affect their optical properties and how these are evolved as the number of atoms increases. For this reason, the focus was turned on almost spherical nanoparticles cut out from the corresponding crystal structure (called 0D), elongated ones (1D), and flattened ones (2D). The nature of the observed absorption peaks is further analyzed with the help of transition contribution maps and induced density plots which help us identify the emergence of probable plasmonic resonances as the size of the nanoparticles increases.
Research progress of oxygen redox in sodium‐layered oxides
Authors: Gu Mubao , Xu Junling , Shi Xiaoyan , Shao Lianyi , Sun Zhipeng
Published: January 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries are emerging as promising alternative energy sources compared to lithium‐ion batteries, due to the abundant sodium resources in Earth's crust and their low cost. Nevertheless, the larger ionic radius of sodium ions leads to minor energy density in sodium‐layered oxide cathodes. To address this, anionic redox has attracted significant attention as it provides additional capacity beyond cationic redox. In this comprehensive review, the history and fundamental mechanisms of anionic redox are systematically summarized, and the recent advancements in sodium‐layered oxides with anionic redox is categorized and discussed according to deficient sodium‐layered oxides, stoichiometric sodium‐layered oxides, and sodium‐rich layered oxides. Finally, several prospects and challenges for anionic redox‐layered oxide cathodes have also been proposed. This review sheds light on the potential trajectory of sodium‐ion battery technology and highlights the pathways to harness the full capabilities of anionic redox for energy storage applications.
Neuroinflammation and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potentials of a Spiroketal‐Enol Ether Polyyne Isolated from Artemisia pallens Wall. ex DC
Authors: Singh Swati , Bhatt Divya , Kumar Singh Munmun , Bisht Surbhi , Sundaresan Velusamy , Chandra Padalia Rajendra , Umrao Bawankule Dnyaneshwar , Swaroop Verma Ram
Published: January 2024

Artemisia pallens Wall. ex DC (Asteraceae) is cultivated for the production of high‐value essential oil from its aerial biomass. In this study, the chemical composition of the root (crop‐residue) essential oil was investigated for the first time, using column‐chromatography, GC−FID, GC−MS, LC−QTOF, and NMR techniques, which led to the identification of twenty constituents, with isolation of (E)‐2‐(2′,4′‐hexadiynylidene)‐1,6‐dioxaspiro [4.5]dec‐3‐ene (D6). The D6 was evaluated in vitro for neuroinflammation and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential. It showed inhibition of neuroinflammation in a concentration‐dependent manner with significant inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6) in LPS‐stimulated BV2 microglial cells. D6 did not have any significant effect on the viability of the cells at the therapeutic concentrations. D6 also has shown acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential (51.90±1.19 %) at the concentration of log 106 nM. The results showed that D6 has a potential role in the resolution of neuroinflammation, and its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential directs further investigation of its role in the management of Alzheimer's disease‐related pathogenesis.
HPLC‐MS/MS Profiles, Antioxidant, Neuroprotective, Antidiabetic and Skin Protective Effects of Different Extracts of Vicia peregrina L. Collected from the Eastern Region of Turkey
Authors: Yagi Sakina , Ulusan Musa Denizhan , Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Caprioli Giovanni , Mustafa Ahmed M. , Angeloni Simone , Ahıskalı Mihriban , Zengin Gokhan
Published: January 2024

Many Vicia species (Fabaceae) were proven to possess bioactive compounds with potential health beneficial properties. The present study was designed to determine the phenolic constituents, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of aerial parts and seed of V. peregrina. Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were prepared by maceration and aqueous extract by infusion. The chemical compositions of the extracts were determined using HPLC‐MS/MS technology. The antioxidant activities were examined using various assays including free radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH), reducing ability (CUPRAC and FRAP), metal chelation, and phosphomolybdenum. The enzyme inhibitory effects were investigated against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase. The highest total phenolics and flavonoids contents were recorded in the methanol extracts of the seed (45.42 mg GAE/g) and aerial parts (40.33 mg RE/g) respectively. The aerial parts were characterized by higher accumulation of chlorogenic acid (9893.86 μg g−1), isoquercitrin (9400.33 μg g−1), delphindin 3,5 diglucoside (9113.28 μg g−1), hyperoside (6337.09 μg g−1), rutin (3489.83 μg g−1) and kaempferol‐3‐glucoside (2872.84 μg g−1). Generally, the methanol and aqueous extracts of the two studied parts exerted the best antioxidant activity with highest anti‐DPPH (61.99 mg TE/g), anti‐ABTS (101.80 mg TE/g) and Cu++ (16169 mg TE/g) and Fe+++ (172,36 mg TE/g) reducing capacity were recorded from the seed methanol extract. Methanol extract of the seed showed the best anti‐tyrosinase activity (75.86 mg KAE/g). These results indicated that V. peregrina is rich with bioactive phenolics suggesting their use in different health promoting applications.
SGLT2 inhibitors and AMPK: The road to cellular housekeeping?
Authors: Safaie Nasser , Masoumi Shahab , Alizadeh Shaban , Mirzajanzadeh Pourya , Nejabati Hamid Reza , Hajiabbasi Mobasher , Alivirdiloo Vahid , Basmenji Neda Chobdari , Derakhshi Radvar Aysan , Majidi Ziba , Faridvand Yousef
Published: January 2024

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, known as Gliflozins, are a class of Glucose‐lowering drugs in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that induce glucosuria by blocking SGLT2 co‐transporters in the proximal tubules. Several lines of evidence suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors regulate multiple mechanisms associated with the regulation of varying cellular pathways. The 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis by influencing cellular processes. Recently, it has been shown that SGLT2 inhibitors can affect the AMPK pathway in differing physiological and pathological ways, resulting in kidney, intestinal, cardiovascular, and liver protective effects. Additionally, they have therapeutic effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus‐associated complications. In this review, we summarize the results of studies of AMPK‐associated therapeutic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in different organelle functions.
Menu labeling and portion size control to improve the out‐of‐home food environment: A scoping review
Authors: Jeyashree Kathiresan , Abdulkader Rizwan S. , Haridoss Madhumitha , Govindaraju Ranjithkumar , Brand Amanda , Visser Marianne , Gordon Sarah , Tiwari Hemant , Sumitha T. S. , Chandran Krupa , Mabetha Denny , Durão Solange
Published: January 2024

Background

Menu labeling and portion size control interventions may be effective strategies to mitigate the health risks posed by the out‐of‐home food environment. We conducted this scoping review to map the body of evidence (BoE) addressing the effects of menu labeling and portion size control interventions in the out‐of‐home food environment and to summarize the research gaps in this evidence base.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, and PROSPERO in phase 1 for systematic reviews (SRs) and PubMed and Embase in phase 2 for primary studies in areas with insufficient SR evidence. We used a comprehensive search strategy without any restrictions on publication date, language, study population characteristics or outcomes. We screened all titles independently and in duplicate. We mapped the number of systematic reviews providing evidence per intervention‐setting combination in a matrix. The gaps in the matrix informed the searches for primary studies in phase 2. For the included SR protocols and primary studies, we charted the population, intervention, comparator, outcome, period, and study design to facilitate their evaluation and inclusion in future evidence syntheses.

Results

We included 69 completed SRs; 37 on menu labeling, 9 on portion size control, and 23 on both. The types of menu labeling interventions studied were quantitative nutrient information (74%), interpretational guidance (48%), or contextual guidance (13%). Most reviews were from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. Most SRs included studies in establishments like cafeterias (51%) or restaurants (39%) and measured change in the quantity of food offered/ordered/consumed (96%). Phase 2 search yielded 24 primary studies; 16 experimental, 6 quasi‐experimental, and 2 observational studies.

Conclusion

The BoE on the effectiveness of menu labeling and portion size control is predominantly from the developed world, on nutrient information labeling and reporting impact on consumer food choice. There is a need for studies in the online environment and reporting distal health outcomes.
Human capital and pandemic‐related stimulus usage
Authors: Pandey Sabina , Guillemette Michael A. , Asebedo Sarah D.
Published: January 2024

Using nationally representative data from the 2021 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS), this study investigates the association between human capital, as proxied through education and objective financial knowledge, and stimulus payment usage for spending, debt repayment, savings, and investments during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The results from a sample of 23,344 observations suggest that human capital relates to differences in how people used their COVID‐19 stimulus payments. In particular, the study found that human capital is associated positively with using stimulus payments to add to savings or invest in the stock market.
Nanomaterials‐Based Targeting of Long Non‐Coding RNAs in Cancer: A Cutting‐Edge Review of Current Trends
Authors: Davodabadi Fatemeh , Farasati Far Bahareh , Sargazi Saman , Fatemeh Sajjadi Seyedeh , Fathi‐karkan Sonia , Mirinejad Shekoufeh , Ghotekar Suresh , Sargazi Sara , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: January 2024

This review article spotlights the burgeoning potential of using nanotherapeutic strategies to target long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer cells. This updated discourse underlines the prominent role of lncRNAs in instigating cancer, facilitating its progression, and metastasis, validating lncRNAs′ potential for being effective diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The manuscript offers an in‐depth examination of different strategies presently employed to modulate lncRNA expression and function for therapeutic purposes. Among these strategies, Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs), RNA interference (RNAi) technologies, and the innovative clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based gene editing tools garner noteworthy mention. A significant section of the review is dedicated to nanocarriers and their crucial role in drug delivery. These nanocarriers′ efficiency in targeting lncRNAs in varied types of cancers is elaborated upon, validating the importance of targeted therapy. The manuscript culminates by reaffirming the promising prospects of targeting lncRNAs to enhance the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and improve treatment efficacy. Consequently, new paths are opened to more research and innovation in employing nanotherapeutic approaches against lncRNAs in cancer cells. Thus, this comprehensive manuscript serves as a valuable resource that underscores the vital role of lncRNAs and the various nano‐strategies for targeting them in cancer treatment. Future research should also focus on unraveling the complex regulatory networks involving lncRNAs and identifying fundamental functional interactions to refine therapeutic strategies targeting lncRNAs in cancer.
Estimate of the C−Cl photoionization cross section and absolute photoionization cross sections of chlorinated organic compounds
Authors: Chen Yilan Lori , Taatjes Craig A. , Meloni Giovanni
Published: January 2024

Chlorinated organic compounds are prominently used for industrial production, but their vapors and emission byproducts can cause detrimental effects to human health and the environment. To accurately quantify organochlorine compounds, the absolute photoionization cross section of tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2‐dichlorobenzene, and chloroacetone are measured using multiplexed synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. These measurements allow for the estimation of the C−Cl photoionization cross section, increasing quantification accuracy of chlorinated emissions for kinetic modeling and pollutant mitigation. CBS‐QB3 calculations of adiabatic ionization energies and thermochemical appearance energies are also presented and agree well with the experimental results.