bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gintropy: A Fiction on Inequality
Authors: Biró Tamás Sándor
Published: October 2024

This book is an experiment in the genre of textbooks: mathematical formulas related to entropy, distributions, and inequality measures like the Gini index are embedded into a fictious story about seven scientists, meeting, and acting according to their respective characters in an imaginary project. The embedding of formulas inside the story is, however, lifted by putting all formulas into the last chapter, so that the story can be read through. This is done for the sake of those who would not or could not follow university level math. Still, as a novelty, the pdf file contains hypertext jumps to and back from the corresponding formulas. In the printed version, unfortunately, only the page number could have been indicated where to continue (or not) the reading. The story is about (economical, wealth and social) inequality, and about the utopistic and distopic dream of treating equally persons with varying social and economical status. The mathematical models and notions behind are introductory to the area of statistics, statistical pyhsics, econophysics and quantitaive finance. This book, as a novel mixture of a fiction and a theoretical textbook, may prove to be a chimera, but perhaps also a new dynamit for the intellectual considerations about how to measure, model and manipulate inequality in our societies. As said, an experiment.
GESTÃO DO CAPITAL INTELECTUAL PARA TRANSFERÊNCIA DO CONHECIMENTO EM PROGRAMAS DE DESLIGAMENTO VOLUNTÁRIO EM EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Silva Alexandre , Giffoni de Carvalho Dutra Frederico
Published: October 2024

O objetivo do artigo foi investigar as iniciativas para gestão do capital intelectual no processo de transferência de conhecimento em programas de desligamento voluntário e aposentadoria de organizações brasileiras. Do ponto de vista dos procedimentos técnicos, adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada no período de julho a agosto de 2022, no Portal de Periódicos Capes, na Brapci, na base Oasisbr, Anpad Spell e Google Acadêmico. A revisão de literatura permitiu a recuperação de 770 trabalhos. Após a análise dos artigos e aplicação de critérios exclusão, foi possível sintetizar 9 trabalhos, publicados entre 2008 e 2021. Constatou-se que é grande o volume de publicações referentes à transferência do conhecimento, porém ao se tratar do contexto da aposentadoria e desligamento voluntário, o assunto é escasso, com poucas iniciativas propostas pelas empresas brasileiras. Sugere-se como continuidade desta pesquisa uma busca de boas práticas deste tipo de programa em outros países, investigando como as empresas lidam com a perda do capital intelectual.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Authors: Holanda Giovanni
Published: October 2024

Um roteiro para as reflexões propostas no livro “Sentimento da Inteligência Artificial: novas tecnologias, antigos conceitos”.
COMPETÊNCIA EM INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Alves Ana Paula Meneses
Published: October 2024

O texto apresenta uma breve reflexão a respeito da Competência em Informação como um ativo para uma sociedade em constante transformação digital. Para tanto discorreremos sobre seu breve histórico, para destacar sua importância de enfoque com o tempo e a partir de sua conceituação apresentamos o viés no qual consideramos que ela pode ser tida como um ativo para a sociedade contemporânea. Para concretizar esta proposta, metodologicamente, realizamos uma pesquisa aplicada e qualitativa, a partir da sua natureza e abordagem do problema. Do ponto de vista dos objetivos, realizamos uma pesquisa exploratória e, a partir dos seus procedimentos técnicos, empreendemos uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que embasa a discussão que discorremos a seguir. Concluímos ressaltando que ainda temos muito o que fazer relacionado as questões práticas da CoInfo, para que se efetive como um ativo, em especial estudos para vê-la como política pública no país.
GUITARE AUGMENTÉE : ANALYSE DU DÉVELOPPEMENT D’INSTRUMENTS HYBRIDES, APPUYÉE PAR DEUX ÉTUDES DE CAS
Authors: Lähdeoja Otso
Published: October 2024

Partant d’une analyse de la guitare électrique en tant qu’instrument augmenté, nous présentons une suite de recherches sur l’augmentation de la guitare électrique et acoustique, effectuées par l’auteur durant les cinq dernières années. En premier lieu, nous abordons le contrôle des effets de la guitare électrique par une série de travaux sur des capteurs attachés à la guitare et opérables par l’instrumentiste. De nouveaux couplages geste-son sont ainsi créés dans la relation instrumentale, permettant d’introduire le contrôle de traitement du signal dans le vocabulaire gestuel de la guitare. Dans un second temps, nous présentons la stratégie d’extraction de données liées au geste à partir du signal capté sur la guitare en hexaphonie. Des analyses du signal effectuées dans les domaines temporel et spectral offrent un ensemble de descripteurs qui peuvent être employés pour le contrôle de traitements du signal. Le troisième moment de l’exposé traite de l’augmentation de la guitare acoustique (cordes nylon et acier) par l’introduction de l’acoustique active. Par acoustique active, nous entendons des vibrations induites dans le corps de la guitare par des actuateurs acoustiques. Le son acoustique de la guitare peut ainsi être doublé par des sons électroniques, et une boucle de « captation – traitement – actualisation » peut être instaurée sur l’instrument. Une guitare hybride – électroacoustique – est ainsi créée, permettant de travailler sur une esthétique de « musique de chambre électronique » : une musique mixte sans haut-parleurs traditionnels, où les sons électroniques émanent des instruments acoustiques.
O Impacto dos Influencers no Fortalecimento das Marcas no Segmento da Moda
Authors: Sophia Regueira Gama Sophia Regueira Gama
Published: October 2024

A internet é considerada um marco importante na evolução da tecnologia, visto que aproxima pessoas, culturas e influência diretamente a evolução do mercado de consumo, tendo em vista a facilidade atualmente para o acesso rápido e prático na aquisição de serviços e produtos. As organizações têm-se adequado ao contexto das redes sociais visando se aproximarem do consumidor. Embora a internet disponibilize diversas ferramentas de acesso, nem todos os indivíduos são capazes de promover- se na rede a ponto de influenciar os demais. Considera-se influenciador digital a pessoa que possua alcance, engajamento, e relevância, a fim de manter uma boa audiência a ponto de conquistar seu público para exercer influência sobre ele. As marcas, ao analisarem que as pessoas dedicam parte de seu tempo conectado nas redes, têm investido em formadores de opinião para veicular seus produtos. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como os influenciadores impactam no fortalecimento das marcas de moda. Para o alcance deste objetivo, se fez uso de pesquisas bibliográficas consultando periódicos, livros, além de mídias digitais e pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando pesquisa em profundidade com três principais personagens deste estudo: O lojista de moda, o influencer e a agência de mídia digital. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que os influenciadores possuem impacto direto no fortalecimento das marcas de moda, seja mediante a uma indicação direta, ou até mesmo em uma demonstração de sua vida diária apresentando os produtos e serviços que consomem.
Avaliação de Desempenho da Fibra Óptica na Medição de Massa Depositada de Carbonato de Cálcio
Authors: Erick dos Santos Silva Erick dos Santos Silva
Published: October 2024

O presente estudo busca analisar a tecnologia de sensores de fibra óptica baseada em FBG (Fiber Bragg Gratings), como ferramenta para medição do comprimento de onda central, para verificar se essa tecnologia pode ser usada na medição de incrustação de carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3). Utiliza os métodos de pesquisa bibliográfico e experimental, com abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa experimental utiliza-se de um reservatório para receber as soluções aquosas de bicarbonato de sódio (NaHCO3) e cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2), uma balança de precisão para medir a massa de cristais formados, um interrogador ótico, um computador e uma peça desenvolvida em impressora 3D para receber os cupons de incrustação com os sensores de FBG. Com uma das fibras ópticas sendo utilizada para compensar o efeito da variação de temperatura, a variação do comprimento de onda de Bragg é função apenas da deformação mecânica imposta à fibra óptica. Assim, a deposição da massa do precipitado na região sensível é responsável pela deformação mecânica. Este processo é promissor para prever a massa de carbonato de cálcio depositada no sistema de estudo.
Biodireito em Tempos de Pandemia
Authors: DE SOUSA Maria Gabrielle Fernandes Vieira
Published: October 2024

O biodireito é uma disciplina que aborda os desafios éticos e jurídicos emergentes das interações entre a biotecnologia, a medicina e os direitos fundamentais. Durante a pandemia de Covid-19, questões como políticas de saúde pública, privacidade e direitos individuais tornaram-se centrais, exigindo uma análise crítica dos limites e das responsabilidades do Estado e dos indivíduos. O objetivo geral deste estudo é investigar os principais desafios éticos e jurídicos do biodireito no contexto da pandemia, com foco nas políticas de saúde pública, privacidade e direitos individuais. O estudo busca responder à seguinte pergunta: Como o biodireito pode equilibrar a proteção da saúde pública com a preservação da privacidade e dos direitos individuais durante crises sanitárias? A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, que permitiu a análise de fontes teóricas e normativas relevantes. Os resultados indicam que, embora o biodireito tenha contribuído para a formulação de respostas jurídicas e éticas durante a pandemia, ele enfrenta desafios significativos para equilibrar a proteção da saúde coletiva com o respeito aos direitos individuais.
Esporotricose Óssea: Estudo de Caso e Revisão da Literatura com Ênfase em Exames Radiológicos
Authors: Rodrigo Otávio Mascarenhas Reis Rodrigo Otávio Mascarenhas Reis
Published: October 2024

A esporotricose óssea é uma forma rara e complexa de infecção fúngica causada pelo Sporothrix schenckii, caracterizada por uma apresentação clínica variável e desafios diagnósticos significativos. Este estudo documenta e analisa um caso clínico de esporotricose óssea em um paciente de 80 anos, evidenciando a evolução da doença, métodos diagnósticos utilizados, tratamento administrado e resultados obtidos. A apresentação inicial incluiu uma lesão no calcâneo, que posteriormente se disseminou para os fêmures e outros ossos adjacentes. Ressonâncias magnéticas e tomografias foram cruciais para o diagnóstico e monitoramento das lesões ósseas, revelando características típicas de osteomielite fúngica. O tratamento envolveu terapia antifúngica prolongada com itraconazol e anfotericina B, complementado por intervenções cirúrgicas para remoção de tecido necrótico. A resposta ao tratamento foi positiva, com melhora clínica evidente nas radiografias de acompanhamento. Este estudo contribui para o enriquecimento da literatura médica sobre esporotricose óssea, destacando a importância da abordagem multidisciplinar para o manejo eficaz dessa condição.
Altered thymic niche synergistically drives the massive proliferation of malignant thymocytes
Authors: Tsingos Erika , Dick Advaita M , Bajoghli Baubak
Published: October 2024

The discovery of genetic alterations in patient samples over the last 20 years has promoted a cell-autonomous view of proliferative expansion during T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) development in the thymus. However, the potential contribution of non-cell-autonomous factors, particularly the impact of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) within the thymic niche during the initiation phase, remains unexplored. In this study, we employ a unique combination of a cell-based computational model of the thymus and
in vivo
experiments. We systematically analyze the impact of 12 cell-autonomous and non-autonomous factors, either alone or in combinations, on the proliferation of normal and malignant thymocytes with interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R) gain-of-function mutations or elevated IL7R levels, as observed in T-ALL patients. By simulating over 1500 scenarios, we show that while a dense TEC network favored the proliferation of normal thymocytes, it inhibited the proliferation of malignant lineages, which achieved their maximal proliferative capacity when TECs were sparsely distributed. Our
in silico
model predicts that certain mutations could accelerate proliferative expansion within a few days. This was experimentally validated, revealing rapid onset of thymus lymphoma and infiltration of malignant T-cells into other organs within 8 days of medaka (
Oryzias latipes
) embryonic development, thus revealing that modifications in the thymic niche and oncogenes in thymocytes together accelerate the disease development. Our results also suggest that negative feedback from the proliferative state inhibits differentiation of thymocytes, thereby prolonging the proliferative state and further fueling malignant expansion. Overall, this work reveals the critical impact of TEC-thymocyte interactions in both the initiation and progression of disease.
Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity of Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents in Mouse Cortical Cultures Requires Neuronal Rab3A
Authors: Koesters Andrew G , Rich Mark M , Engisch Kathrin L
Published: October 2024

Following prolonged activity blockade, amplitudes of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) increase, a form of plasticity termed “homeostatic synaptic plasticity.” We previously showed that a presynaptic protein, the small GTPase Rab3A, is required for full expression of the increase in miniature endplate current amplitudes following prolonged blockade of action potential activity at the mouse neuromuscular junction in vivo (Wang et al., 2011), but it is unknown whether this form of Rab3A-dependent homeostatic plasticity shares any characteristics with central synapses. We show here that homeostatic synaptic plasticity of mEPSCs is impaired in mouse cortical neuron cultures prepared from Rab3A
−/−
and mutant mice expressing a single point mutation of Rab3A, Rab3A Earlybird mice. To determine if Rab3A is involved in the well-established homeostatic increase in postsynaptic AMPA-type receptors (AMPARs), we performed a series of experiments in which electrophysiological recordings of mEPSCs and confocal imaging of synaptic AMPAR immunofluorescence were assessed within the same cultures. We found that Rab3A was required for the increase in synaptic AMPARs following prolonged activity blockade, but the increase in mEPSC amplitudes was not always accompanied by an increase in postsynaptic AMPAR levels, suggesting other factors may contribute. Finally, we demonstrate that Rab3A is acting in neurons because only selective loss of Rab3A in neurons, not glia, disrupted the homeostatic increase in mEPSC amplitudes. This is the first demonstration that neuronal Rab3A is required for homeostatic synaptic plasticity and that it does so partially through regulation of the surface expression of AMPA receptors.
Contributions of mirror-image hair cell orientation to mouse otolith organ and zebrafish neuromast function
Authors: Ono Kazuya , Jarysta Amandine , Hughes Natasha C , Jukic Alma , Chang Hui Ho Vanessa , Deans Michael R , Eatock Ruth Anne , Cullen Kathleen E , Kindt Katie , Tarchini Basile
Published: October 2024

Otolith organs in the inner ear and neuromasts in the fish lateral-line harbor two populations of hair cells oriented to detect stimuli in opposing directions. The underlying mechanism is highly conserved: the transcription factor EMX2 is regionally expressed in just one hair cell population and acts through the receptor GPR156 to reverse cell orientation relative to the other population. In mouse and zebrafish, loss of Emx2 results in sensory organs that harbor only one hair cell orientation and are not innervated properly. In zebrafish, Emx2 also confers hair cells with reduced mechanosensory properties. Here, we leverage mouse and zebrafish models lacking GPR156 to determine how detecting stimuli of opposing directions serves vestibular function, and whether GPR156 has other roles besides orienting hair cells. We find that otolith organs in
Gpr156
mouse mutants have normal zonal organization and normal type I-II hair cell distribution and mechano-electrical transduction properties. In contrast,
gpr156
zebrafish mutants lack the smaller mechanically-evoked signals that characterize Emx2-positive hair cells. Loss of GPR156 does not affect orientation-selectivity of afferents in mouse utricle or zebrafish neuromasts. Consistent with normal otolith organ anatomy and afferent selectivity,
Gpr156
mutant mice do not show overt vestibular dysfunction. Instead, performance on two tests that engage otolith organs is significantly altered – swimming and off-vertical-axis rotation. We conclude that GPR156 relays hair cell orientation and transduction information downstream of EMX2, but not selectivity for direction-specific afferents. These results clarify how molecular mechanisms that confer bi-directionality to sensory organs contribute to function, from single hair cell physiology to animal behavior.
Structural basis for molecular assembly of fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins in a diatom photosystem I supercomplex
Authors: Kato Koji , Nakajima Yoshiki , Xing Jian , Kumazawa Minoru , Ogawa Haruya , Shen Jian-Ren , Ifuku Kentaro , Nagao Ryo
Published: October 2024

Photosynthetic organisms exhibit remarkable diversity in their light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). LHCs are associated with photosystem I (PSI), forming a PSI-LHCI supercomplex. The number of LHCI subunits, along with their protein sequences and pigment compositions, has been found to differ greatly among the PSI-LHCI structures. However, the mechanisms by which LHCIs recognize their specific binding sites within the PSI core remain unclear. In this study, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a PSI supercomplex incorporating fucoxanthin chlorophyll
a
/
c
-binding proteins (FCPs), designated as PSI-FCPI, isolated from the diatom
Thalassiosira pseudonana
CCMP1335. Structural analysis of PSI-FCPI revealed five FCPI subunits associated with a PSI monomer; these subunits were identified as RedCAP, Lhcr3, Lhcq10, Lhcf10, and Lhcq8. Through structural and sequence analyses, we identified specific protein-protein interactions at the interfaces between FCPI and PSI subunits, as well as among FCPI subunits themselves. Comparative structural analyses of PSI-FCPI supercomplexes, combined with phylogenetic analysis of FCPs from
T. pseudonana
and the diatom
Chaetoceros gracilis
, underscore the evolutionary conservation of protein motifs crucial for the selective binding of individual FCPI subunits. These findings provide significant insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the assembly and selective binding of FCPIs in diatoms.
Federated learning for millimeter-wave spectrum in 6G networks: applications, challenges, way forward and open research issues
Authors: Qamar Faizan , Kazmi Syed Hussain Ali , Siddiqui Maraj Uddin Ahmed , Hassan Rosilah , Zainol Ariffin Khairul Akram
Published: October 2024

The emergence of 6G networks promises ultra-high data rates and unprecedented connectivity. However, the effective utilization of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) as a critical enabler of foreseen potential in 6G, poses significant challenges due to its unique propagation characteristics and security concerns. Deep learning (DL)/machine learning (ML) based approaches emerged as potential solutions; however, DL/ML contains centralization and data privacy issues. Therefore, federated learning (FL), an innovative decentralized DL/ML paradigm, offers a promising avenue to tackle these challenges by enabling collaborative model training across distributed devices while preserving data privacy. After a comprehensive exploration of FL enabled 6G networks, this review identifies the specific applications of mmWave communications in the context of FL enabled 6G networks. Thereby, this article discusses particular challenges faced in the adaption of FL enabled mmWave communication in 6G; including bandwidth consumption, power consumption and synchronization requirements. In view of the identified challenges, this study proposed a way forward called Federated Energy-Aware Dynamic Synchronization with Bandwidth-Optimization (FEADSBO). Moreover, this review highlights pertinent open research issues by synthesizing current advancements and research efforts. Through this review, we provide a roadmap to harness the synergies between FL and mmWave, offering insights to reshape the landscape of 6G networks.
Ensembles of decision trees and gradient-based learning for employee turnover rate prediction
Authors: Zhang Chunyang , Han Wenjing
Published: October 2024

Employee turnover has a negative impact on business profitability. To tackle this issue, we can utilize computational advancements to forecast attrition and minimize expenses. We employed an HR Analytics dataset to investigate the feasibility of using these predictive models in decision support systems. We developed an ensemble of gradient-based decision trees that accurately predicted employee turnover and performed better than other sophisticated techniques. This approach demonstrates exceptional performance in handling structured and imbalanced data, effectively capturing intricate patterns. Gradient-based decision trees provide scalable solutions that effectively balance predictive accuracy and computational efficiency, making them well-suited for strategic business analysis. The importance of our findings lies in their ability to offer dependable insights for making well-informed decisions in business settings.
Constraints Faced by Rural Women in Changing Livelihoods in Bangladesh: A Study on the Impact of Microcredit through PDBF
Authors: Islam M. S. , Alam M. M. , Ali M. S. , Mazumder M. S. , Rahmatullah N. M.
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of the study is to determine the extent of the constraints faced by the women beneficiaries of Palli Daridro Bimochon Foundation (PDBF) on their socio-economic development and to explore the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the beneficiaries and their constraints. A total of 3436 women beneficiaries of three upazilas under 55 districts of PDBF constituted the population of the study. A face-to-face interview survey was conducted to collect data from the randomly selected 346 respondents. Among the 13 selected problem items, ‘high rate of interest’ was ranked first (70.81%), ‘more savings have to be deposited while taking the loan’ was ranked second (68.69%) and third (68.40%) was ‘various income generating activities and social development training are inadequate’ The findings revealed a significant relationship between training exposures, decision-making ability, savings deposit, income-generating activities, communication & network, and constraints faced by PDBF beneficiaries. Therefore, the PDBF authorities should consider significant factors in reducing the constraints faced by rural women to change their livelihoods.
A Study on the Morphology and Molecular Biology of Tropical Strawberries
Authors: Bhowal R. R. , Hossain M. M. , Kayesh E. , Saikat M. M. H. , Paul G.Paul , Bhowmik S. K. , Proma S. S. , Bhowal S. K.
Published: October 2024

The studies on the morpho-molecular characteristics of different strawberry genotypes were conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh. BARI Strawberry 1, BARI Strawberry 2, BARI Strawberry 3, FA 005, and Festival were used for this experiment. This study was undertaken to assess five tropical strawberry genotypes at morphological and molecular level. BARI Strawberry 2 was recognised as the preeminent genotype among five strawberry cultivars based on fruit production per plant (594.73 grammes), yield per hectare (19.39 tonnes), and fruit count per plant (32.42). The SSR technique was utilised to assess genetic variation and connections among five strawberry cultivars. Initially, ten primers were evaluated, and finally, three primers—EMFv104, ARSFL-10, and ARSFL-15—were selected for analysis. ARSFL-10 produced the fewest polymorphic alleles (3), while the markers EMFv104 and ARSFL-15 generated the most polymorphism alleles (4). The allele frequency for each location ranged from 0.4 (EMFv104) to 0.6 (ARSFL-10). The PIC values ranged from 0.672 on EMFv104 to 0.4992 on ARSFL-10. EMFv104 and ARSFL-15 demonstrated gene diversity scores of 0.72, whereas ARSFL-10 achieved a value of 0.56. The genotypes demonstrating the minimal genetic dissimilarity were BARI Strawberry 1 and Festival, with a value of 0.16667. Primer EMFv104 and ARSFL-15 are regarded as the most efficacious SSR markers for strawberry genotypes.
Hybrid Sunscreen for Albinistic Skin Types Augmented by Terminalia Sericea Mediated Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Efficacy and Safety Investigation
Authors: Chifamba J , Chifamba C
Published: October 2024

Albinism is a congenital hypopigmentation disorder characterized by errors in melanisation leading to the partial or complete absence of melanin, the skin’s primary defense against actinic damage. Actinic damage in albinism summarizes all solar induced consequences from freckles to fatal skin cancers. Of the 16 sunscreens approved by regulators, 14 chemical sunscreens were stripped of GRASE (Generally Recognizable as Safe and Effective) status in 2020 by the FDA though Over-the-Counter Monograph M020, the remaining 2 physical sunscreens (ZnO and TiO2) are unaesthetic, leaving unpleasant persistent white casts. The hunt for new, effective and safe sunscreen agents is on and photoprotective polyphenolics from tropical plants including Terminalia sericea, maybe the solution. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel sunscreen for albinistic skin, utilizing Terminalia sericea-mediated silver-doped ZnO nanoparticles, so as to leverage the novel sun protection efficacy of aesthetic ZnO-NPs with the antibacterial effects of Ag-NPs as well as the photoprotective effects from T. Sericea polyphenolics.  Our observations from the study confirm that T. Sericea possesses abundant polyphenolic compounds capable of mediating bio-reducing and capping of metallic nanoparticles. UV-Vis identified the nanostructures as Ag-ZnONPs, TEM confirmed their cubic and oblong agglomerated morphology. DLS estimated the nanostructures to be between 30 and 40nm. The sunscreen achieved a high SPF of 30, showed significant photoprotective properties, and demonstrated negligible skin sensitization in safety tests following OECD guidelines. It was therefore concluded that the biosynthesis of multifunctional Ag doped ZnONPs mediated by T. Sericea, was feasible and that the resultant safe multifunctional emulsion was efficacious in retarding biomarkers of actinic damage and is a potential pioneering albinistic skin type actinic damage retarding sunscreen.
Evaluating the Bio-Efficacy of Pesticide Combinations on Natural Enemies in Rice Cultivation
Authors: Tejaswi A  , Jarpla Mounika , Bandhavi H. L. , Prasanna Malireddi
Published: October 2024

Rice cultivation is frequently threatened by pests, leading to the widespread use of chemical pesticides including organophosphates, carbamates, and synthetic pyrethroids. This study evaluates the bio-efficacy of various pesticide combinations in rice fields and their effects on natural enemies like spiders and coccinellids. Pesticides such as chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, Azoxystrobin, Tebuconazole, Difenconazole and cartap hydrochloride used alone or in combination were tested for their compatibility and safety. Results showed that these combinations do not significantly suppress natural enemies, making them suitable for Integrated pest management due to often carefully selected to target pests without affecting beneficial organisms. It supports the development of sustainable pest management strategies that minimize harm to beneficial organisms.
Forecasting Green Chilli Prices: Using Data Analytics to Gain Market Understanding
Authors: Kumar Midathana Anil , Ghosh Arunava , H T Vinay , Poddar Parthendu , Reza Md. Wasim
Published: October 2024

Green chilli is a commercially significant vegetable crop grown year-round due to its high demand for both nutritional and health benefits. India stands as the largest producer and consumer of chilli globally, with West Bengal leading in area under cultivation and ranking sixth in production. This study aims to compare and identify the most accurate model for forecasting green chilli prices in the Haldibari market of Cooch Behar district, West Bengal. Price data from January 2015 to May 2024, sourced from AGMARKNET, was used for model development, with 85% of the data allocated for training and 15% for validation. The models tested include the traditional Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and machine learning models like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). Among these, the ANN model is found to be the most accurate, with a low Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.14. The model is used to forecast prices for the next 12 months, up to May 2025. The study’s findings can aid farmers and policymakers in creating effective crop planning strategies, helping to boost local farm income.
Respiration of new and old carbon in the surface ocean: Implications for estimates of global oceanic gross primary productivity
Authors: Carvalho Matheus C. , Schulz Kai G. , Eyre Bradley D.
Published: June 2017

New respiration (Rnew, of freshly fixated carbon) and old respiration (Rold, of storage carbon) were estimated for different regions of the global surface ocean using published data on simultaneous measurements of the following: (1) primary productivity using 14C (14PP); (2) gross primary productivity (GPP) based on 18O or O2; and (3) net community productivity (NCP) using O2. The ratio Rnew/GPP in 24 h incubations was typically between 0.1 and 0.3 regardless of depth and geographical area, demonstrating that values were almost constant regardless of large variations in temperature (0 to 27°C), irradiance (surface to ~100 m deep), nutrients (nutrient‐rich and nutrient‐poor waters), and community composition (diatoms, flagellates, etc,). As such, between 10 and 30% of primary production in the surface ocean is respired in less than 24 h, and most respiration (between 55 and 75%) was of older carbon. Rnew was most likely associated with autotrophs, with minor contribution from heterotrophic bacteria. Patterns were less clear for Rold. Short 14C incubations are less affected by respiratory losses. Global oceanic GPP is estimated to be between 70 and 145 Gt C yr−1.
How much runoff originates as snow in the western United States, and how will that change in the future?
Authors: Li Dongyue , Wrzesien Melissa L. , Durand Michael , Adam Jennifer , Lettenmaier Dennis P.
Published: June 2017

In the western United States, the seasonal phase of snow storage bridges between winter‐dominant precipitation and summer‐dominant water demand. The critical role of snow in water supply has been frequently quantified using the ratio of snowmelt‐derived runoff to total runoff. However, current estimates of the fraction of annual runoff generated by snowmelt are not based on systematic analyses. Here based on hydrological model simulations and a new snowmelt tracking algorithm, we show that 53% of the total runoff in the western United States originates as snowmelt, despite only 37% of the precipitation falling as snow. In mountainous areas, snowmelt is responsible for 70% of the total runoff. By 2100, the contribution of snowmelt to runoff will decrease by one third for the western U.S. in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Snowmelt‐derived runoff currently makes up two thirds of the inflow to the region's major reservoirs. We argue that substantial impacts on water supply are likely in a warmer climate.
Decadal changes in Southern Ocean ventilation inferred from deconvolutions of repeat hydrographies
Authors: Ting Yu‐Heng , Holzer Mark
Published: June 2017

Changes in Southern Ocean ventilation imprint on dissolved gases, nutrients, radiocarbon, temperature, and salinity. We deconvolve tracer measurements for the distribution,
, of times and locations of last ventilation using a maximum‐entropy approach. Decadal changes of
are quantified by deconvolving hydrographies measured during the early 1990s and again some 15 years later. Our analysis reveals coherent changes across the five meridional sections analyzed: The fraction of water younger than 30 years decreased by ∼20% per decade south of 40°S in circumpolar deep water (CDW) and increased by ∼10% per decade north of ∼40°S in subantarctic mode water (SAMW). Ventilation locations shifted, with more water south of 40°S being ventilated north of the subantarctic front. These ventilation changes impacted CFC uptake, with concentrations south of 40°S less than (and north of 40°S higher than) expected for steady flow. The inferred changes imply increased SAMW formation and CDW upwelling consistent with strengthened westerly winds.
Hydraulic fracturing and permeability enhancement in granite from subcritical/brittle to supercritical/ductile conditions
Authors: Watanabe Noriaki , Egawa Motoki , Sakaguchi Kiyotoshi , Ishibashi Takuya , Tsuchiya Noriyoshi
Published: June 2017

Hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted at 200–450°C by injecting water into cylindrical granite samples containing a borehole at an initial effective confining pressure of 40 MPa. Intensive fracturing was observed at all temperatures, but the fracturing characteristics varied with temperature, perhaps due to differences in the water viscosity. At the lowest considered temperature (200°C), fewer fractures propagated linearly from the borehole, and the breakdown pressure was twice the confining pressure. However, these characteristics disappeared with increasing temperature; the fracture pattern shifted toward the formation of a greater number of shorter fractures over the entire body of the sample, and the breakdown pressure decreased greatly. Hydraulic fracturing significantly increased the permeability at all temperatures, and this permeability enhancement was likely to form a productive geothermal reservoir even at the highest considered temperature, which exceeded both the brittle‐ductile transition temperature of granite and the critical temperature of water.
3‐Alkenyltyrosines Accessed by Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling: A Key Intermediate in the Synthesis and Mechanistic Study of Povarov Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Vasconcelos Stanley N. S. , Menezes da Silva Vitor H. , Braga Ataualpa A. C. , Shamim Anwar , Souza Frederico B. , Pimenta Daniel C. , Stefani Hélio A.
Published: June 2017

3‐Vinyl and 3‐stilbenyl tyrosine derivatives, accessed by the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in good yields, are presented. These synthetic olefins then provided a fast and effective synthesis of functionalized quinolines by a silver‐catalyzed, microwave‐mediated Povarov reaction in just 40 min. In addition, we demonstrate a tandem one‐pot microwave‐mediated Povarov–CuAAC (copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition) synthesis to provide a 1,2,3‐triazole ring with 35 % overall yield. We propose a Povarov/aromatization mechanism, based on high‐resolution mass spectrometry experiments, combined with computational studies based on density functional theory (DFT) methods.
Katalytische asymmetrische konjugierte Addition von Indolizinen an α,β‐ungesättigte Ketone
Authors: Correia José Tiago Menezes , List Benjamin , Coelho Fernando
Published: June 2017

Beschrieben wird eine katalytische asymmetrische konjugierte Addition von Indolizinen an Enone. Die chirale Phosphorsäure (S)‐TRIP aktiviert dabei α,β‐ungesättigte Ketone und ermöglicht die enantioselektive Addition. Unter Verwendung der beschriebenen Methode wurden verschiedene alkylierte Indolizine in guten Ausbeuten und Enantiomerenverhältnissen von bis zu 98:2 synthetisiert.
Switchable Access to Different Spirocyclopentane Oxindoles by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reactions of Isatin‐Derived Enals and N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Sun , Blümel Marcus , Puttreddy Rakesh , Peuronen Anssi , Rissanen Kari , Enders Dieter
Published: June 2017

A novel NHC‐catalyzed annulation protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of biologically important β‐lactam fused spirocyclopentane oxindoles with four contiguous stereocenters, including two quaternary carbon centers, was developed. Alternatively, spirocyclopentane oxindoles containing an enaminone moiety can be achieved using the same starting materials, isatin‐derived enals, and N‐sulfonyl ketimines, in the presence of a slightly different NHC catalytic system. This switchable annulation strategy enables the selective assembly of both heterocyclic scaffolds with good yields and excellent enantioselectivities for a broad range of substrates.
Mucoadhesive chitosan/OA nanoparticles charged with celecoxib inhibit prostaglandin E2 LPS‐induced in U937 cell line
Authors: Méndez Paula A. , Ortiz Blanca L. , Vásquez Gloria M. , López Betty L.
Published: June 2017

The present study shows the potential of new carriers of celecocib (CEL) for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibition in U937 cell line. Self‐assembled nanoparticles based on oleic acid‐modified chitosan were covered with hyaluronic acid (HA) obtaining systems with spherical shape and particle size close to 300 nm. CEL was encapsulated and the encapsulation efficiency (%EE) was dependent of the drug solubility in acid media, reaching %EE of 75.5% and 58.2% to strong and weak acid, respectively. The covering with HA increased the mucoadhesive properties and, the cellular binding and cellular uptake in U937 cells. Nanoparticles prepared in strong acid presented zeta potential (ζ) of 43.8 ± 0.4 mV, which become toxic and stimulate the PGE2 production in U937 cells, at the concentration 1 mg/mL. However, nanoparticles prepared in weaker acid presented ζ of 36.5 ± 1.21 mV, showing nontoxic effect and inhibitory effect of PGE2 from 80.8 pg/mL until 43.4 pg/mL. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45288.
Sex differences in parent‐reported executive functioning and adaptive behavior in children and young adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: White Emily I. , Wallace Gregory L. , Bascom Julia , Armour Anna C. , Register‐Brown Kelly , Popal Haroon S. , Ratto Allison B. , Martin Alex , Kenworthy Lauren
Published: June 2017

This study is the largest to date examining executive function and adaptive skills in females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Its primary aim was to utilize parent ratings of real‐world executive functioning and adaptive behavior to better understand whether females with ASD differ from males with ASD in these areas of everyday functioning. We compared 79 females with ASD to 158 males with ASD (ages 7–18) who were statistically matched on age, IQ, and level of ADHD or ASD traits. All participants were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and a subset (56 females and 130 males) also received the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). Females were rated by parents as having greater problems with executive function on the BRIEF. Parents also rated females as exhibiting more difficulties than males on the Daily Living Skills domain of the VABS. There was a correlation between increased global EF difficulty and decreased adaptive ability in both males and females. Our results indicate relative weaknesses for females compared to males diagnosed with ASD on executive function and daily living skills. These differences occur in the absence of sex differences in our sample in age, IQ, clinician ratings of core ASD symptomatology, parent ratings of ADHD symptoms, and parent‐reported social and communication adaptive skills on the VABS. These findings indicate specific liabilities in real world EF and daily living skills for females with ASD and have important implications for targeting their treatments. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1653–1662. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Guide for the Design of Functional Polyaromatic Organophosphorus Materials
Authors: Hindenberg Philip , López‐Andarias Alicia , Rominger Frank , de Cózar Abel , Romero‐Nieto Carlos
Published: June 2017

The impact of integrating six‐membered phosphorus heterocycles into a poly(hetero)aromatic materials is investigated. Mechanistic studies reveal the key synthetic requirements to embed the latter phosphorus heterocycles in polyaromatic molecules. DFT calculations indicate that introducing six‐membered phosphorus rings into π‐extended molecules induces a particular electron distribution over the π‐extended system. Electrochemical investigations confirm that inserting six‐membered phosphacycles into polyaromatics triggers ambipolar redox behavior. Steady‐state spectroscopy reveals that fusing pyrroles with phosphorus‐containing polyaromatic molecules induces fluorescence quantum yields as high as 0.8, whereas transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that fusing thiophenes promote the formation of non‐emissive triplet‐excited states. As a whole, the optoelectronic properties of fused phosphorus‐containing materials give rise to promising performances in photoelectrochemical cells. Moreover, X‐ray analyses confirm that the 3D arrangement in the solid state of polyaromatic systems containing six‐membered phosphorus rings can be tailored through post‐functionalization of the phosphorus center. Altogether, this investigation sets the bedrock for the design of a new generation of highly functional polyaromatic organophosphorus materials, keeping control over their electrochemical properties, fluorescence features, photo‐induced excited states, and 3D molecular arrangement.
Ambient Precursor Gaseous Pollutants and Meteorological Conditions Controlling Variations of Particulate Matter Concentrations
Authors: Kuo Yi‐Ming , Zhao Enmin , Li Min‐Jing , Yu Hui , Qin Jun
Published: June 2017

In many areas of China, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and transportation development have resulted in PM2.5 concentrations higher than the WHO‐recommended level. The precursor gaseous pollutants, which will be finally transformed to PM2.5, should be identified and controlled in the early stage. Dynamic factor analysis (DFA) was performed to investigate how precursor gaseous pollutants and meteorological factors associate with the temporal dynamics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Wuhan in 2013. The optimal DFA model satisfactorily accounted for the fluctuations in PM2.5 (coefficient of efficiency was 0.88). The results showed that the temporal dynamics of PM2.5 in Wuhan were primarily associated with sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed. PM2.5 concentrations were also slightly affected by three common trends mainly representing soil dust and urbanization process. Temperature contributed more to the long‐term dynamics of PM2.5 than wind speed and relative humidity did. High temperature favors the formation of PM2.5. However, relative humidity was negatively contributed to PM2.5. NO2 and CO were the two major precursor gaseous pollutants contributing to the compositions of PM2.5. In Wuhan, NO2 and CO mainly emitted from motor vehicles and industrial processes should be restricted, because these precursor emissions will finally format particulate matter.
The effect of antioxidants on the long‐term stability of THC and related cannabinoids in sampled whole blood
Authors: Sørensen Lambert K. , Hasselstrøm Jørgen B.
Published: June 2017

The stability of cannabinoids is complex and crucial for the assessment of impaired driving caused by cannabis. Therefore, the effect of antioxidants on the long‐term stability of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11‐hydroxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐OH), and 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) in whole blood samples preserved with fluoride citrate (FC) and fluoride oxalate (FX) mixtures was investigated at different temperatures. The measured concentrations of the cannabinoids in authentic whole blood preserved solely with FC or FX mixtures decreased significantly during prolonged storage at −20°C. On average, less than 5% of the initial concentrations of THC and CBD were recovered after 19 weeks of storage interrupted by 5 thawing/freezing cycles. The rate of decrease was greatest in FC‐preserved blood. The repeated thawing/freezing of the samples accelerated the instability progression. At 5°C approximately 60% of the initial concentrations of THC and CBD were recovered after 19 weeks of storage. No significant decrease was observed in samples stored at −80°C during the test period of 5 months. The instability at −20°C was to a great extend avoided by adding 30 mM ascorbic acid (ASC) to the samples before storage. Samples preserved with a combination of the FX mixture and ASC showed no significant decrease in the recovered concentrations during a 5‐month storage period interrupted by 6 thawing/freezing cycles. Samples preserved with a combination of the FC mixture and ASC showed almost similar improvements in cannabinoid stability. Other reducing agents such as sodium metabisulfite and glutathione also improved the stability in FX‐preserved blood stored at −20°C.
Synthesis of Quinolino[3′,4′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2‐f]phenanthridines by Regioselective Sonogashira Reaction Followed by Domino C–N Coupling/Hydroamination/C–H Arylation
Authors: Pham Ngo Nghia , Salman Ghazwan Ali , Ponce Marian Blanco , Dang Tuan Thanh , Spannenberg Anke , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter
Published: June 2017

An effective and atom‐economic synthesis of quinolino[3′,4′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2‐f]phenanthridines has been developed. The protocol involves a site‐selective Sonogashira reaction of 3,4‐dihaloquinoline, followed by a domino C–N coupling/hydroamination/C–H arylation reaction. Quinolino[3′,4′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2‐f]phenanthridines represent a hitherto unknown class of heterocyclic compounds.
α‐Keto Acids as Acylating Agents in the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles and Benzoselenazoles
Authors: Lima David B. , Penteado Filipe , Vieira Marcelo M. , Alves Diego , Perin Gelson , Santi Claudio , Lenardão Eder J.
Published: June 2017

Herein, we report the first decarboxylative oxidation of α‐keto acids that is promoted by sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) to obtain 2‐substituted benzothiazoles and benzoselenazoles. Diaryl disulfides and diselenides were used as chalcogen sources, and the desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. This protocol does not require an inert gas, transition metals, or harsh reaction conditions, and CO2 is released as an environmentally benign coproduct. The presence of Na2S2O5 was essential to guarantee that the reaction reached completion and afforded maximum product yields.