bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cortical gradient perturbation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder correlates with neurotransmitter-, cell type-specific and chromosome- transcriptomic signatures
Authors: Chen Zhiyi , Xu Ting , Liu Xuerong , Becker Benjamin , Li Wei , Miao Kuan , Gong Zheng , Zhang Rong , Huo ZhenZhen , Hu Bowen , Tang Yancheng , Xiao Zhibin , Feng Zhengzhi , Chen Ji , Feng Tingyong
Published: April 2023

Neurofunctional dysregulations in spatially discrete areas or isolated pathways have been suggested as neural markers for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, multiscale perspectives into the neurobiological underpins of ADHD spanning multiple biological systems remain sparse. This points to the need of multi-levels of analysis encompassing brain functional organization and its correlation with molecular and cell-specific transcriptional signatures are stressed. Here, we capitalized on diffusion mapping embedding model to derive the functional connectome gradient, and deployed multivariate partial least square (PLS) method to uncover the enrichment of neurotransmitomic, cellular and chromosomal connectome-transcriptional signatures of ADHD. Compared to typical control, ADHD children presented connectopic cortical perturbations in lateral orbito-frontal and superior temporal regions, which had also been validated in another independent sample. This gradient-derived variants in ADHD further aligned spatially with distributions of GABAA/BZand 5-HT2Areceptors and co-varied with genetic transcriptional expression. Cognitive decoding and gene-expression annotation showed the correlates of these variants in memory, emotional regulation and spatial attention. Moreover, the gradient-derived transcriptional signatures of ADHD exhibited enriched expression of oligodendrocyte precursors and endothelial cells, and were mainly involved as variants of chromosome 18, 19 and X. In conclusion, our findings bridged in-vivo neuroimging assessed functional brain organization patterns to a multi-level molecular pathway in ADHD, possibly shedding light on the interrelation of biological systems that may coalesce to the emergence of this disorder.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a new copper(II) complex based on 5-ethyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole
Authors: Petrenko Yuliia P. , Khomenko Dmytro M. , Doroshchuk Roman O. , Raspertova Ilona V. , Shova Sergiu , Lampeka Rostyslav D.
Published: April 2023

The title compound, bis[μ-3-ethyl-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ido]bis[acetato(dimethylformamide)copper(II)], [Cu2(C9H9N4)2(C2H3O2)2(C3H7NO)2] or [Cu2(L
Et)2(OAc)2(dmf)2], is a triazolate complex, which contains two 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-ethyl-triazolates (L
Et)− in bidentate-bridged coordination modes. Both copper atoms are involved in the formation of a planar six-membered metallocycle Cu–[N—N]2–Cu. The inversion center of the complex is located at the mid-point of the Cu...Cu vector. Each CuII atom has a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal environment formed by the three nitrogen atoms of the deprotonated bridging 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-ethyl-triazolate unit, oxygen atoms of the OAc− group and dmf molecule. In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains running along the c-axis direction.
Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of tetrakis(4,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)silane and tetrakis(4,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)germane
Authors: Ressel Arnold , Krupp Anna , Strohmann Carsten
Published: April 2023

The title compounds Si(C4H5O)4 (1) and Ge(C4H5O)4 (2) are dihydrofuryl compounds of silicon and germanium and are useful building blocks for the functionalization of these elements. Both structures crystallize in space group P21/n in the monoclinic crystal system with two molecules in the asymmetric unit: the Si and Ge atoms adopt slightly distorted tetrahedral geometries, while the C4H5O moieties exhibit shallow envelope conformations. Through a Hirshfeld surface analysis of the structures, interactions within the crystal packing could be elucidated: compound 1 features a polymeric chain in the (101) plane via C—H...O hydrogen bonds whereas in 2 C—H...O hydrogen bonds create a polymeric chain in the (010) plane.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2,2′-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methanediyl]bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one)
Authors: Khalilov Ali N. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Aleksandrova Larissa V. , Akkurt Mehmet , Rzayev Rovnag M. , Bhattarai Ajaya , Mamedov İbrahim G.
Published: April 2023

In the title compound, C31H44O5, molecules are connected by O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming hydrogen-bonded zigzag chains running along the b axis and parallel to the (001) plane. The molecular packing is stabilized by van der Waals interactions between these chains along the a and c axes. The intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure were quantified and analysed using Hirshfeld surface analysis.
CSR reporting in Arab countries: the emergence of three genres
Authors: Ismaeel Muatasim , Zakaria Zarina
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explain how companies in the region of Arab countries respond to the institutional diffusion of a new communication genre like corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports.

Design/methodology/approach

Analysis of the features, content and language of CSR reports published by listed companies in the region, to classify the genres of these reports and infer results about ways of companies’ interaction with newly institutionalized genre.

Findings

Three distinct genres are identified: “sustainability reports genre,” “professional CSR report genre” and “light CSR report genre.” When companies interact with institutionally diffused genres, they either adopt them and re-enforce their distinctiveness, mix them with elements from other genres so their distinctiveness will be diluted, or produce the old and established genres under the new name so the new genre will lose its distinctiveness.

Originality/value

The proposed classification of CSR report genres and ways of companies’ interaction with new genres are original and open new horizons for research in social and environmental accounting and corporate communication fields.
Applying an extended investment model for enhancing supply chain performance
Authors: Lee Changjoon , Ha Young-Kyou
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to verify whether the relationships between supply chain members can maximize supply chain efficiency by adopting an investment model that has been used in family psychology.

Design/methodology/approach

Information sharing was added as a link between commitment level and the independent variables of the investment model, and their effect on logistics performance in terms of supply chain operation was examined. The authors surveyed workers involved in supply chain-related work in Korea and collected 300 valid survey responses to verify the findings. The hypotheses were verified through structural equation model using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0.

Findings

This study academically revealed the impacts of intangible efficiency on performance. Satisfaction and investment size had a significant effect on information sharing, but not on the quality of alternatives. Information sharing had a positive effect on the commitment level. Finally, commitment level had a positive effect on logistics performance. Because the effects of satisfaction and investment size are proportional to the degree of information sharing, firms in a supply chain must consider their importance.

Originality/value

Owing to the complexity of today’s supply chains, the existing fragmentary method of analysis limits the evaluation of supply chain performance factors. Accordingly, based on an investment model that is rarely discussed in business administration, this study identified the link of antecedent variables in addition to direct variables that affect supply chain performance.
Increasing digital dissemination and online apparel shopping behaviour of Generation Y
Authors: Agrawal Durgesh Kumar
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the online apparel shopping behaviour of Generation Y (Gen Y) in an unprecedented digital dissemination era.

Design/methodology/approach

For this purpose, a “mixed-method approach” was used with an explanatory sequential research design. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the role of various contemporary elements of shopping motives. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted to explain quantitative outputs.

Findings

It finds that Gen Y consumers demonstrate “fashion-hunting”, “variety-seeking”, “status/recognition-seeking” and “deal-hunting” behaviours in online apparel shopping. “Haptic impressions” gained via hands and other “socio-psychological benefits” trigger their apparel shopping behaviour. They make better and more informed purchase decisions based on prior online research and user-generated content shared by friends/relatives on social media portraying the true characteristics of “digital natives”. They do not trust online retailers for premium apparel shopping due to associated “product risk” and lack of transparency in their “exchange/return/refund policy”. Finally, they are increasingly inspired to have an “integrated online and offline shopping experience”.

Practical implications

Online retailers can use the findings of this study to develop more effective marketing strategies to serve Gen Y consumers.

Originality/value

The study measured actual behaviours on a holistic gamut of shopping motives consisting of utilitarian, hedonic, physical product-specific (apparel) and emerging elements of shopping motives in the technology-enabled era of shopping exclusively. Therefore, the results of the study offer significant, realistic and useful theoretical contributions to the existing literature on the subject matter along with valuable inputs to practitioners alike.
Preempting fraud: a financial distress prediction perspective on combating financial crime
Authors: Halteh Khaled , Tiwari Milind
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The prevention of fraudulent activities, particularly within a financial context, is of paramount significance in all spheres, as it not only impacts the sustainability of corporate entities but also has the potential to have a broader economy-wide impact. This paper aims to focus on dual implications associated with financial distress, the first being associated with the temptation to launder funds due to financial distress, and the second being the potential for illicit activities, such as fraud, money laundering or terror financing, to give rise to financial distress.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper examines the literature on financial distress and uses theories of financial crime to establish a link between financial distress and financial crime.

Findings

In recent years, there has been a surge in corporate financial distress, particularly in the aftermath of concurrent crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine war. Through a comprehensive examination of literature pertaining to financial distress and financial crime, this study identifies a proclivity towards fraudulent conduct arising from instances of financial distress. Moreover, the engagement in such illicit activities subsequently exacerbates the financial distress. An analysis of the relationship between financial crime and financial distress reveals the existence of a vicious cycle between the two.

Originality/value

The results of this study have the potential to advance understanding of the relationship between financial distress and financial crime, which has been previously underexplored.
Police diversity and crime clearance for Black and Hispanic victims
Authors: Roberts Aki , Smith Hannah R.
Published: April 2023

Research Summary

As a policy response to historically strained police–minority community relations, police diversification is hoped to improve policing outcomes in minority communities. An improved police–community relationship may be expected to lead to increased citizen cooperation in crime investigations and therefore be beneficial for crime clearance, but there are different perspectives on the nature of this link. We examined several measures of Black police representation (Black officer percentage, Black racial congruence between the police force and the jurisdiction's population, and presence of Black police chief or head) and their relationships with arrest clearance of National Incident‐Based Reporting System aggravated assault incidents involving Black victims in 205 agencies. We also explored similar Hispanic police representation measures in a sample of aggravated assault incidents with Hispanic victims in 158 agencies. In multilevel survival analyses with agency/jurisdiction‐ and incident‐level controls, none of the Black representation measures were significantly associated with clearance of Black victims’ incidents. We obtained similar results for the Hispanic representation measures and clearance of Hispanic victims’ incidents.

Policy Implications

Although the findings do not indicate a benefit of diversity for clearance involving minority victims, it is encouraging that neither do results suggest that increasing minority police representation would harm clearance. Responding to the public's strong call for demographic reform, it appears that police agencies can continue to increase their racial and ethnic diversity without sacrificing clearance rates, a main indicator of police performance. At least for clearance, warnings of reduced performance when equitable representation is an agency priority do not seem to be well‐founded. There should be continuing research on policing outcomes and diversity as U.S. agencies increase their minority representation, and agencies should emphasize the recruitment, hiring, and retention of minority officers.
How do co‐shareholding networks affect negative media coverage? Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Hou Wendi , Liu Yupei
Published: April 2023

This paper explores the relationship between the co‐shareholding network and negative media coverage in the context of China. We find that the high degree centrality and structural holes of firm's co‐shareholding networks have negative effects on the amount and severity of negative media coverage but through differentiated mechanisms. Focal firms in high degree centrality positions can decrease negative coverage by information sharing through the network, but focal firms in the position of structural holes reduce negative coverage through information control. Our findings can complement both research on the disparate impacts of co‐shareholding networks and the media spin effect.
A nonparametric mixture approach to density and null proportion estimation in large‐scale multiple comparison problems
Authors: Xue Xiangjie , Wang Yong
Published: April 2023

A new method for estimating the proportion of null effects is proposed for solving large‐scale multiple comparison problems. It utilises maximum likelihood estimation of nonparametric mixtures, which also provides a density estimate of the test statistics. It overcomes the problem of the usual nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator that cannot produce a positive probability at the location of null effects in the process of estimating nonparametrically a mixing distribution. The profile likelihood is further used to help produce a range of null proportion values, corresponding to which the density estimates are all consistent. With a proper choice of a threshold function on the profile likelihood ratio, the upper endpoint of this range can be shown to be a consistent estimator of the null proportion. Numerical studies show that the proposed method has an apparently convergent trend in all cases studied and performs favourably when compared with existing methods in the literature.
Enabling activist resilience: Bystander protection during protest crackdowns in Myanmar
Authors: Tran Mai Van
Published: April 2023

What accounts for the survival and long‐term participation of activists in contentious movements under repression? I argue for the role of an important yet oft‐neglected factor: protective support by civilian bystanders. I propose that, mainly motivated by victim‐oriented sympathy, bystanders engage in high‐risk protection that helps activists to escape crackdowns and bolsters their dedication to the movement. To test my theoretical claims, I examine hard cases for activist survival at the height of state violence during military rule in Myanmar between 1988 and 2010, with an original qualitative data set consisting of oral history interviews and written accounts by more than 100 protest observers and former pro‐democracy activists. The data set presents an unprecedented number of voices from the average, non‐contentious general public, which are mostly missing in existing research on social movements. This approach generates a fresh perspective to better understand opportunities and constraints around movement entrepreneurs in hostile environments.
Health‐related quality of life in asthma measured by the World Health Organization brief questionnaire (WHO‐BREF) and the effect of concomitant allergic rhinitis—A population‐based study
Authors: Ozoh Obianuju B. , Aderibigbe Sunday A. , Ayuk Adaeze C. , Dede Sandra K. , Egbagbe Eruke , Babashani Musa
Published: April 2023

Background and objective

The impact of allergic rhinitis (AR), a common comorbidity in asthma, on global quality of life (QoL) using generic QoL questionnaires has not been extensively evaluated.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional population‐based study among adults ≥18 years old. Generic QoL was measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire (WHOQOL‐BREF), and asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test. Participants were categorized into four groups: Group 1 (No asthma, no AR), Group 2 (Asthma only), Group 3 (AR only) and Group 4 (Concomitant asthma and AR). The student t‐test or the ANOVA was used for comparison between groups and based on the level of asthma control. Linear regression was used to assess the association between the level of asthma control and QoL scores, adjusted for age and sex. A p‐value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for all associations.

Results

There were 9115 participants; 906 (9.9%) had asthma, and 1998 (21.9%) had AR. The lowest QoL scores were in the environment domain. Mean QoL scores were significantly lower in asthma compared to ‘no asthma’ and in AR compared to ‘no AR’. Either asthma or rhinitis (Group 2 or 3) had significantly lower scores compared to no disease (Group 1) only in the environment domain, but the concomitant disease (Group 4) had lower scores across all categories and domains. Scores were significantly lower for uncontrolled asthma compared to controlled asthma and for ‘concomitant asthma and AR’ compared to ‘asthma only’. Increasing age and uncontrolled asthma predicted worse health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) consistently.

Conclusion

Although asthma and AR negatively impact HRQoL independently, concomitant asthma and AR are worse. Uncontrolled asthma underpins poor QoL in asthma because QoL is not impaired in controlled disease. This underscores the need for recognition and treatment of AR in asthma and reinforces the benefits of achieving asthma control as a priority in asthma treatment.
A matter of time—Efficacy of whitefish stocking in a large pre‐alpine lake
Authors: Baer J. , Kugler M. , Schubert M. , Schotzko N. , Rösch R. , Vonlanthen P. , DeWeber J. T.
Published: April 2023

The tradition of stocking whitefish (Coregonus spec.) is widespread throughout Europe and dates back more than a century in some lakes. Despite its broad acceptance as a management action, stocking success is less often studied and might change with shifts in ecosystems. Similar to many other large lakes in Central Europe, Lake Constance is stocked with millions of larvae each year at great cost. The last evaluation of this management practice took place in 2003, and since then several potential impacts on whitefish increased in magnitude (e.g. stickleback invasion, increasing water temperature). Forty‐two million dye‐marked larvae were stocked in 2016 and 36 million in 2018. Recaptures made 1.5 and 3.5 years after stocking revealed that around 20% of the 2016 and 2018 whitefish cohorts consisted of stocked whitefish. This amount is significantly lower than was found in previous experiments. To identify potential factors controlling recruitment, a Beverton‐Holt stock‐recruitment model showed that stocking did not significantly affect year‐class recruitment. We conclude that stocking is no longer cost‐effective, and we recommend that stocking should be reduced in the short term. Furthermore, our results suggest that explanatory variables that previously described recruitment variation of the whitefish population, such as April water temperature, may no longer apply.
Resolving the Water Crisis: There's a Way, But Is There the Will?
Authors: Kram Mark , Loaiciga Hugo , Widdowson Mark , Mendez Eduardo , Solgi Ryan , Lamar Michael
Published: April 2023

In this issue paper, the authors refine the definition of water sustainability to account for temporal dynamics and spatial variability, identify specific challenges that must be resolved in the very near future to avoid catastrophic outcomes on levels ranging from economic disruption to survival of mankind, discuss related policy changes and potential effectiveness, and describe several technologies available to achieve water security and sustainability. While water quality certainly poses formidable challenges, in this piece we emphasize and address challenges associated with dynamic water supply availability. Our future as a society will depend upon how well and how rapidly we navigate these challenges in the coming years. As such, the main objective is to encourage private and public sector practitioners to consider revising existing programs, and to update current industry business models in a manner that promotes expedited solutions, alignment of beneficial goals, and motivates the biggest consumers of water to adopt modern data collection and decision support technologies.
Preparation of foamed ceramics from steel slag with high calcium and iron content
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Zhang JiaYi , Wu Jianfeng , Chen ZhiChao , Wang YuYing
Published: April 2023

In this paper, steel slag foamed ceramics were fabricated by using steel slag, kaolin, feldspar, and quartz as main raw materials, and adding SiC as high‐temperature foaming agent. The effects of steel slag content and SiC particle size on porosity and mechanical properties of foamed ceramics were researched. Results indicate that when content of steel slag is 40 wt%, and particle size of SiC is 20 µm, foamed ceramics exhibited optimized properties: water absorption rate of 2.59%, total porosity of 55.91%, bulk density of 1.33 g·cm−3, and compressive strength of 1.21 MPa. The results show that with the increase of steel slag content, the phase composition of foamed ceramics changes, and foam process is hindered. The increase of steel slag content contributes to the formation of diopside. Fe3+, Fe2+ in liquid phase enter into diopside by solid solution, the amount of liquid phase decreases. Liquid phase mass transfer slows down, and content of SiC in liquid phase decreases, so that the porosity decreases. At the same steel slag content, different SiC particle size affects the difference between pressure inside the closed pore and surface pressure, thereby the porosity changes.
Consumer neuroscience on branding and packaging: A review and future research agenda
Authors: Rodríguez Víctor José Cerro , Antonovica Arta , Martín Dolores Lucía Sutil
Published: April 2023

In an environment of extreme competition, it is essential to have a differentiated brand that adds value to consumer communications through packaging. Neuroscience research techniques have undergone remarkable development, facilitating the understanding of consumer brain mechanisms in the choice and purchase decision‐making process. This article presents the first systematic and specific literature review of the branding and packaging from the consumer neuroscience viewpoint. The main objective is to carry out analysis focused on the study of packaging and branding from the field of consumer neuroscience. We used a hybrid methodology. First, a descriptive bibliometric study is applied based on the Web of Science platform, where results confirm that the study field is in a phase of an exponential growth and with high fragmentation of the literature, consistent with its multidisciplinary origin. Using data mining for nodal network analysis with the VOSviewer programme, four clusters of authors and five thematic areas of interest were identified. Finally, a content review provided a list of more than 50 relevant findings in the study field, which are presented through a novel classification approach based on key mental processes in branding and packaging research (attention and memory, emotions and motivation, and reward and decision‐making systems). Thus, it has been possible to classify, order and discuss them, facilitating a comparative analysis and suggesting a possible future research agenda. This research intents to be a guide for branding and packaging professionals and researchers who are interested in learning about the use of consumer neuroscience techniques and theories.
A dynamic theory of the area of distribution
Authors: Soberón Jorge , Osorio‐Olvera Luis
Published: April 2023

Aims

The aim of this study is to propose and analyse a general, dynamic, process‐oriented theory of the area of distribution.

Location

Mexico, Southern United States and the Caribbean.

Taxon

Pierid butterflies.

Methods

The area of distribution is modelled by combining (by multiplication) three matrices: one matrix represents movements, another niche tolerances and a third, biotic interactions. Results are derived from general properties of this product and from simulation of a cellular automaton defined in terms of the matrix operations. Everything is implemented practically in an R package.

Results

Results are obtained by simulation and mathematical analysis. We show that the mid‐domain effect is a direct consequence of dispersal; that to include movements to Ecological Niche Modelling significantly affect results, but cannot be done without choosing an ancestral area of distribution. We discuss ways of estimating such ancestral areas. We show that, in our approach, movements and niche effects are mixed in ways almost impossible to disentangle, and show this is a consequence of the singularity of a matrix. We introduce a tool (the Connectivity‐Suitability‐Dispersal plot) to extend the results of simple niche modelling to understand the effects of dispersal.

Main conclusions

The conceptually straightforward scheme we present for the area of distribution integrates, in a mathematically sound and computationally feasible way, several key ideas in biogeography: the geographic and environmental matrix, the Grinnellian niche, dispersal capacity and the ancestral area of origin of groups of species. We show that although full simulations are indispensable to obtain the dynamics of an area of distribution, interesting results can be derived simply by analysing the matrices representing the dynamics.
Inhibitory effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis‐derived phosphoethanolamine dihydroceramide on acid ceramidase expression in oral squamous cells
Authors: Yamada Chiaki , Ho Anny , Nusbaum Amilia , Xu Ruijuan , Davey Mary Ellen , Nichols Frank , Mao Cungui , Movila Alexandru
Published: April 2023

The maintenance of diminished acid ceramidase (ASAH1) gene expression leading to the accumulation of antiproliferative intracellular ceramides in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has emerged as a prospective oral cancer therapeutic regimen. Our published study demonstrated that the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis downregulates the expression patterns of ASAH1 mRNA in normal epithelial cells in vitro. Therefore, P. gingivalis may also beneficially diminish the expression of ASAH1 in OSCC. Because a uniquely structured P. gingivalis‐derived phosphoethanolamine dihydroceramide (PEDHC) inhibits the proliferation of normal human fibroblasts, this study aimed to test the effect of PEDHC on the survival of human oral squamous OECM‐1 cells in vitro. We demonstrated that the P. gingivalis dihydroceramide‐null (ΔPG1780) strain upregulates the expression of ASAH1 mRNA and promotes aggressive proliferation and migration of OECM‐1 cells compared to the parent P. gingivalis‐W83 strain. In addition, the intracellular concentration of ceramides was dramatically elevated in OECM‐1 cells exposed to PEDHC in vitro. Furthermore, PEDHC inhibited expression patterns of ASAH1 mRNA as well as some genes associated with degradation of the basement membranes and extracellular matrix, for example, MMP‐2, ADAM‐17 and IL‐6, in OECM‐1 cells. Altogether, these data indicated that PEDHC produced by P. gingivalis inhibits acid ceramidase expression, promotes intracellular ceramide accumulation and suppresses the survival and migration of OSCC cells in vitro. Further studies are needed to determine molecular mechanisms of PEDHC‐mediated inhibitory effect(s) on OSCC using in vivo models of oral cancer.
Cosmetic business mechanics in London: A cross‐sectional analysis and audit of ASA compliance
Authors: Zargaran David , Zargaran Alexander , Sousi Sara , Woollard Alexander , Davies Julie , Weyrich Tim , Mosahebi Afshin
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The proliferation of providers and practitioners of cosmetic botulinum toxin and dermal filler has profound public health implications. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) regulates the use of advertising materials in the United Kingdom and prohibits the promotion of prescription‐only medicines.

Aims

We aim to perform a cross‐sectional analysis of the practitioners in London, UK to evaluate the distribution of clinics within Greater London, prices advertised for interventions, and compliance with the ASA code. We also aim to identify whether there are any differences in cost of botulinum toxin or dermal filler between the boroughs.

Methods

Between December 2021 and January 2022, we performed a systematic search using the internet search engine Google. Five searches were performed (1) [london] botox, (2) [london] botulinum toxin, (3) [london] anti wrinkle injection, (4) [london] filler, (5) [london] dermal filler. One hundred websites per search string were systematically reviewed and those which met the inclusion/exclusion criteria of each search string were included and analyzed. Each clinic's product/service range compliance with the ASA/CAP code was assessed. Any reference to Botulinum Toxin or anti‐wrinkle injections was noted and analyzed. Further analysis would look to calculate price per milliliter (mL) of botulinum toxin and dermal filler per borough and to calculate whether there were any statistical differences between the 32 different London boroughs.

Results

A total of 500 websites were visited and evaluated. After removal of duplicates, a total of 233 independent clinics was identified. A total of 206 out of the 233 clinics sampled (88%) were in direct infringement of the enforcement notice through advertising a prescription medicine. The overall average cost per mL of dermal filler was £330.89 and there was a statistically significant variance across London boroughs (p < 0.05). The overall average cost per mL of Botulinum Toxin was £284.45 and the variance across London boroughs was close to significant (p = 0.058).

Conclusion

This paper demonstrates poor compliance with the ASA/CAP guidelines and further provides an insight into the industry mechanics associated with aesthetic injectables in a major UK city, identifying regional variance in price and clinic density. The advertising of prescription‐only medication may pose a potential risk to patients and will be an important consideration in proposed legislation to introduce licensing to the industry.
BiliaryEnterocytozoon bieneusiinfection in a dog under immunomodulatory therapy
Authors: Wolfer L. A. , Basso W. U. , Frey C. F. , Schuller S. , Amphimaque B. , Jankovic J. , Howard J. , Peters L. M.
Published: April 2023

An 8‐year‐old female spayed Labrador retriever was presented for the evaluation of severe weight loss 10 weeks after starting an immunomodulatory treatment, including prednisolone and cyclosporine, for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. Plasma biochemistry analysis showed mild to moderate increases in liver enzyme activities and a moderate decrease in urea concentration. Abdominal ultrasound revealed mild hepatomegaly and a large gall bladder with unremarkable wall and content. Cholecystocentesis was performed and bile was examined both cytologically and by molecular methods, which revealed the presence ofEnterocytozoon bieneusi. Treatment was initiated with albendazole but was discontinued due to the development of severe neutropenia. The medical management was subsequently changed to fenbendazole and the dog made a complete recovery. This report describes the first case of clinical manifestation and successful treatment of biliaryE. bieneusiinfection in a dog.
Evidence for multiple early impacts on the H chondrite parent body from electron backscatter diffraction analysis
Authors: Goudy Secana P. , Telus Myriam , Chapman Brendan
Published: April 2023

We examined H4 chondrites Beaver Creek, Forest Vale, Quenggouk, Ste. Marguerite, and Sena with the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques of Ruzicka and Hugo (2018) to determine if there is evidence for shock metamorphism consistent with the previously inferred histories of their early impact excavation or lack thereof. We find that all samples have EBSD data consistent with a history of synmetamorphic impact shock (i.e., shock during thermal metamorphism), followed by postshock annealing. Petrographic analysis of Sena, Quenggouk, and Ste. Marguerite found exsolved Cu and irregular troilite within Fe metal, features consistent with shock metamorphism. All samples have a spatial variability in grain deformation consistent with shock processes, though Forest Vale, Quenggouk, and Ste. Marguerite may have relict signatures of accretional deformation as indicated by variability in their olivine deformation metrics. Within the context of previous workers' geochemical observations, a more complex history is inferred for each sample. The “slow‐cooled” samples, Quenggouk and Sena, were subject to synmetamorphic shock without excavation and annealed at depth. The same is true of the “fast‐cooled” samples, Beaver Creek, Forest Vale, and Ste. Marguerite. However, after annealing, these rocks were excavated by a secondary impact or impacts around 5.2–6.5 Ma post‐CAI formation and were left to cool rapidly on the surface of the H chondrite parent body. These interpreted histories are best compatible with a model of an impact‐battered but intact onion shell for the earliest history of the H parent body. However, the EBSD evidence does not preclude a parent body disruption after 7 Ma post‐CAI formation.
China beyond China, establishing a digital order with Chinese characteristics: China's growing discursive power and the Digital Silk Road
Authors: Chang Yung‐Yung
Published: April 2023

This article examines China's discursive power, placing it in the broader context of China's increasing assertiveness in the global arena. I argue that exporting the China model farther afield is the key for China to exert its discursive power. The mechanism to do this lies in two essential and decisive auxiliaries that “flank” China's soft discursive power: technological development/innovation and the role of the Chinese private sector. Theoretically, the study adopts a tripartite framework to examine China's discursive power: power facts, shared rules, and social practices, with the help of the “affective sticking points” to analyze China's Belt and Road Initiative and Digital Silk Road discourses. Empirically, the article investigates the case of Transsion Holdings, a Chinese giant smart‐device maker in Africa, to study China's discursive influences in Africa. To conclude, I reflect on the role of the private sector and the meaning of “China beyond China.”

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Zeng, Jinghan, Tim Stevens, and Yaru Chen. 2017. “China's Solution to Global Cyber Governance: Unpacking the Domestic Discourse of ‘Internet Sovereignty.” Politics & Policy 45(3): 432–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12202.
Complications and treatment errors in peri‐implant hard tissue management
Authors: Urban Istvan , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Monje Alberto , Montero Eduardo
Published: April 2023

Bone augmentation procedures aim to regenerate the deficient alveolar ridge to properly place dental implants that are completely surrounded by bone. However, these are invasive and technically demanding surgeries that are not free of either complications or treatment errors. Careful patient selection and preparation is a mandatory process to reduce the rate of complications in bone regeneration procedures, irrespective of the technique used. It is important to assess the cost benefit of the intervention and to evaluate the potential impact on the patient's quality of life, especially in the elderly and medically compromised patients. Most common postoperative complications are wound dehiscences, which may be reduced, at least partially, by proper knowledge of the surgical technique and the craniofacial anatomy. Other complications that may appear are postoperative infections or nerve injuries. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the best available scientific evidence on the incidence of complications, as well as the ideal strategies for their prevention and management. Depending on the severity of the complication, treatment approaches may vary and can include drug prescription or even surgical re‐entries to remove exposed barrier membranes or contaminated bone grafts. Adequate prevention and proper management of complications associated with bone augmentation interventions are a requirement for clinicians carrying out these demanding procedures. A series of cases illustrating proper management of complications in different clinical scenarios is presented.
Evaluation of a new complement‐dependent lymphocytotoxicity cross match method using an automated cell counter, the NucleoCounter® NC‐3000™
Authors: Pedini Pascal , Baudey Jean‐Baptiste , Basire Agnès , Chiaroni Jacques , Hubert Lucas , Picard Christophe
Published: April 2023

Complement‐dependent lymphocytotoxicity cross match (CDC‐XM) is the ultimate test of donor/recipient compatibility prior to organ transplantation. This test is based on cell viability, evaluated under fluorescence microscopy by an operator after proper staining. The determination of the positivity threshold may vary depending on the operator. We developed a new method in which the final step of determining cell viability is automated using the NC‐3000™ (Chemometec®), an image cytometer able to precisely determine the percentage of dead/live cells in a suspension. After T and B donor cells isolation by negative selection, complement‐dependent lysis was performed in macrovolumes in a PCR plate. Then, cell viability was measured by the NC‐3000™. The sensitivity and routine CDC‐XM results of this new method were compared to those of CDC‐XM reference method using Terasaki plates. The sensitivity of CDC‐XM expressed in the ASHI scoring system of this method was similar to the reference method results for a dilution range of the positive controls. Similarly, the results of the new method were comparable in a clinical situation to those obtained with the reference method after a study of 10 cross‐matches, of which 5 cross‐matches with DSA were positive and five cross‐matches without DSA were negative. Moreover, ASHI scores were similar to those obtained using the reference method, and the mortality percentage was reproducible (CV < 15%). The assessment of cell viability by the NC‐3000™ is easy to perform and highly reproducible but requires CDC‐XM to be performed by the macrovolume method. The determination of a precise percentage of viability/mortality by the automation excludes operator variability and allows a better understanding of results close to the decision threshold.
Predicting the body core temperature of recreational athletes at the end of a 10 km self‐paced run under environmental heat stress
Authors: Andrade Marcelo T. , Nunes‐Leite Matheus M. S. , Bruzzi Rúbio S. , Souza Carlos H. , Uendeles‐Pinto João P. , Prado Luciano S. , Soares Danusa D. , Gonçalves Dawit A. P. , Coimbra Cândido C. , Wanner Samuel P.
Published: April 2023

Measurement of body core temperature (Tcore) is paramount to determining the thermoregulatory strain of athletes. However, standard measurement procedures of Tcore are not practical for extended use outside the laboratory environment. Therefore, determining the factors that predict Tcore during a self‐paced run is crucial for creating more effective strategies to minimize the heat‐induced impairment of endurance performance and reduce the occurrence of exertional heatstroke. The aim of this study was to identify the factors predicting Tcore values attained at the end of a 10 km time trial (end‐Tcore) under environmental heat stress. Initially, we extracted data obtained from 75 recordings of recreationally trained men and women. Next, we ran hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses to understand the predictive power of the following variables: wet‐bulb globe temperature, average running speed, initial Tcore, body mass, differences between Tcore and skin temperature (Tskin), sweat rate, maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate and change in body mass. Our data indicated that Tcore increased continuously during exercise, attaining 39.6 ± 0.5°C (mean ± SD) after 53.9 ± 7.5 min of treadmill running. This end‐Tcore value was primarily predicted by heart rate, sweat rate, differences between Tcore and Tskin, wet‐bulb globe temperature, initial Tcore, running speed and maximal oxygen uptake, in this order of importance (β power values corresponded to 0.462, −0.395, 0.393, 0.327, 0.277, 0.244 and 0.228, respectively). In conclusion, several factors predict Tcore in athletes subjected to self‐paced running under environmental heat stress. Moreover, considering the conditions investigated, heart rate and sweat rate, two practical (non‐invasive) variables, have the highest predictive power.
Numerical Investigation Into the Influence of Alloy Type and Thermo-Mechanics on Void Formation in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Ali , Agiwal Hemant , Franke Daniel , Zinn Michael , Pfefferkorn Frank E. , Rudraraju Shiva
Published: April 2023

This study employs a high-fidelity numerical framework to determine the plastic material flow patterns and temperature distributions that lead to void formation during friction stir welding (FSW), and to relate the void morphologies to the underlying alloy material properties and process conditions. Three aluminum alloys, viz., 6061-T6, 7075-T6, and 5053-H18, were investigated under varying traverse speeds. The choice of aluminum alloys enables the investigation of a wide range of thermal and mechanical properties. The numerical simulations were validated using experimental observations of void morphologies in these three alloys. Temperatures, plastic strain rates, and material flow patterns are considered. The key results from this study are as follows: (1) the predicted stir zone and void morphology are in good agreement with the experimental observations, (2) the temperature and plastic strain rate maps in the steady-state process conditions show a strong dependency on the alloy type and traverse speeds, (3) the material velocity contours provide a good insight into the material flow in the stir zone for the FSW process conditions that result in voids as well as those that do not result in voids. The numerical model and the ensuing parametric studies presented in this study provide a framework for understanding material flow under different process conditions in aluminum alloys and potentially in other alloys. Furthermore, the utility of the numerical model for making quantitative predictions and investigating different process parameters to reduce void formation is demonstrated.
Chemogenetics identifies separate area 25 brain circuits involved in anhedonia and anxiety in marmosets
Authors: Wood Christian M. , Alexander Laith , Alsiö Johan , Santangelo Andrea M. , McIver Lauren , Cockcroft Gemma J. , Roberts Angela C.
Published: April 2023

Poor outcomes are common in individuals with anxiety and depression, and the brain circuits underlying symptoms and treatment responses remain elusive. To elucidate these neural circuits, experimental studies must specifically manipulate them, which is only possible in animals. Here, we used a chemogenetics strategy involving engineered designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to activate a region of the marmoset brain that is dysfunctional in human patients with major depressive disorder, called the subcallosal anterior cingulate cortex area 25 (scACC-25). Using this DREADDs system, we identified separate scACC-25 neural circuits that underlie specific components of anhedonia and anxiety in marmosets. Activation of the neural pathway connecting the scACC-25 to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) caused blunting of anticipatory arousal (a form of anhedonia) in marmosets in response to a reward-associated conditioned stimulus in an appetitive Pavlovian discrimination test. Separately, activation of the circuit between the scACC-25 and the amygdala increased a measure of anxiety (the threat response score) when marmosets were presented with an uncertain threat (human intruder test). Using the anhedonia data, we then showed that the fast-acting antidepressant ketamine when infused into the NAc of marmosets prevented anhedonia after scACC-25 activation for more than 1 week. These neurobiological findings provide targets that could contribute to the development of new treatment strategies.