bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal pollinatIon by Fungus gnats of the colombian endemic species, Pleurothallis marthae (orchidaceae: pleurothallidinae)
Authors: Duque Buitrago Carol Andrea , Alzate Quintero Néstor Fabio , Tupac Otero J
Published: September 2014

Contemporary patterns of plant biodiversity result from the ecological and evolutionary processes generated by species interactions. Understanding these interactions is key for effective biodiversity conservation at the species and the ecosystem level. Orchid species often have highly specialised pollinator interactions, and the preservation of these is critical for in situ orchid conservation. The majority of orchid species occur in tropical regions, and information regarding their interactions is limited. We present data on pollinator identities, pollination mechanisms and flowering phenology of the Colombian endemic orchid, Pleurothallis marthae. We evaluated the mechanisms of attraction, the presence of osmophores, and the reproductive system of the species. Pleurothallis marthae is self-compatible with nocturnal anthesis pollinated by Mycetophila sp. (Mycetophilidae), probably attracted by a string fungus like smell liberated by the flower and Bradysia sp. (Sciaridae) that feed on nectar in the labellum. Osmophores and nectaries were detected in the epidermis of the sepals and petals. We present new evidence that the genus Pleurothallis is adapted to Diptera pollination. Our study indicates that the pollination mechanism of P. marthae is based on the nocturnal attraction of two species of fungus gnats, probably combining food attraction and brood place deception
Taxonomic validation of a well-known Odontoglossum (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) “ghost”
Authors: Dalström Stig
Published: September 2014

The plant that was first called “Odontoglossum wyattianum” by Gurney Wilson was exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on January 3, 1928. No official description was ever published and no type specimen was ever designated, or has surfaced, hence making this distinct species a taxonomic ‘ghost’. The taxonomic validation of Odontoglossum wyattianum is made here through the designation of a holotype, together with a diagnosis, a brief taxonomic history and comparison with similar and closely related species.
Rediscovery of Malaxis nana (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae) in Costa Rica, with an updated description
Authors: Pérez -Escobar Oscar A. , Blanco Mario A.
Published: September 2014

Malaxis nana C. Schweinf. se conoce de dos especímenes recolectados en 1925 en San Ramón, provincia de Alajuela, y tres especímenes adicionales sin datos de localidad detallados y recolectados en los finales de los 1800’s, todos de Costa Rica. Esta especie no había sido registrada desde entonces. Aquí informamos por vez primera sobre la existencia de Malaxis nana en la Estación Biológica Las Cruces, provincia de Puntarenas, en el sur de Costa Rica. Se presenta una descripción actualizada, ilustración, fotografías y mapa de distribución para este taxón.
Contributions to the genus Hetaeria (Orchidaceae: Goodyerinae) in Vietnam
Authors: Ponert Jan , Vuong T. B. , Hanh N. , Thanh T. T. , Vy N. T. , Rybková R. , Tam T. Q.
Published: September 2014

As a result of Hon Ba nature reserve survey, Hetaeria finlaysoniana, previously recorded from Thailand, Myanmar and southern China, is newly recorded from Vietnam. Description of studied plants is presented together with notes on ecology and photographic documentation. These plants were collected in southern Vietnam (Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Khanh Hoa), which is located quite far from other known localities and thus a larger distribution of this possibly overlooked species could be expected. Additionally, H. youngsayei is newly recorded from the same reserve, 540 km from the nearest previously known locality. Distribution of both species is discussed and an updated identification key for all Vietnamese members of the genus Hetaeria is presented.
Significance of hemoglobin A1C in the management of diabetes in dialysis patients
Authors: Mácsai Emília , Rakk Erika , Miléder Margit , Fulcz Ágnes
Published: September 2014

According to latest guidelines hemoglobin A1C plays a central role in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. It is well-known from epidemiologic studies that a high rate of diabetic patients enters into dialysis programs and these patients have an unfavourable mortality outcome. Based on surveys conducted in recent years in this patient group, hemoglobin A1C has an important role in assessing carbohydrate metabolism. However, there are several factors independent of blood glucose may affect hemoglobin A1C values both in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Hemodialysis disturbs hemoglobin A1c assessment because of an accelerated turnover of lost red blood cells. During peritoneal dialysis a considerable amount of glucose may be absorbed from the peritoneal solutions that may influence hemoglobin A1C level. Several alternative markers such as glycated albumin and fructosamine have been evaluated but they failed to have prognostic advantage. It has been concluded that among dialysis patients the hemoglobin A1C range between 6.5 and 8% is associated with the lowest mortality risk. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(36), 1421–1425.
National Cancer Registry. Significance of a reliable database in the implementation of the required structural changes of oncologic care in Hungary
Authors: Kásler Miklós , Ottó Szabolcs , Sólyom Olimpia
Published: September 2014

The authors summarize the basic objectives and scope of the Hungarian Cancer Registry. They review more than 100-year history of the national cancer database and its effects on current cancer data collection activities, which is outstanding in Europe. The compilation deals with the development of information technology, covers points of principle and practical issues such as parallel display and evaluation of mortality and morbidity statistics and their national and international importance concerning public health. The authors underline that reliable data collection and services of the National Cancer Registry are important for the society because they are public health issues with a critical importance for a better understanding of risk factors, prevention and patient care. Restructuring and European harmonization of the Hungarian cancer system are inevitable using a reliable information exchange and service, taking into account national specificities and international requirements. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(36), 1415–1420.
The Fire is Coming: An HIV Prevention Intervention Contextualized to the Maasai People of Tanzania
Authors: Freitas Holly , Nayak Marcia A
Published: September 2014

“The Fire is Coming” film is an innovative HIV-prevention intervention contextualized to the Maasai people of Tanzania through use of a traditional Maasai story. The intervention was developed and implemented in partnership with Maasai Pastoralists for Education and Development (MAPED). Although there have been numerous Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) surveys conducted among the Maasai, this is the first control-group comparison study designed to measure the effectiveness of an HIV-prevention intervention contextualized specifically to the Maasai people of Tanzania. We will first discuss the background and context in which the intervention was developed and methods used to develop the intervention. We will then discuss the evaluation methods, results, and implications of a retrospective Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices (KAP) two-village comparison survey (n=200) for “The Fire is Coming” HIV-prevention intervention among Maasai people. There was a significant effect for HIV-related attitudes, t(16) = 2.77, p <0.05, regarding willingness to care for an HIV infected person, willingness to be tested for HIV, self-efficacy toward HIV-prevention, married women’s ability to use condoms, unmarried girls’ ability to refuse high-risk sexual behaviors, married men’s ability to use condoms, and married men’s ability to limit sex to their spouses. There was a significant effect for HIV-related behavior changes, t(8) = 2.89, p <0.05, with reported family decisions made, esoto (the ritualized sexual initiation of pre-pubescent girls) stopped, sexual behaviors changed, blade-sharing stopped, and other traditional custom changes reported. Although knowledge rates were often higher in the intervention area than in the comparison area, there was no significant difference in HIV-related knowledge, t(12)=1.85, p >0.05. Implications: Belief in one’s ability to do something is often the pivotal point for behavior change. The results of the survey denote a highly effective intervention in changing HIV-related attitudes and behaviors. It is promising for replication among other Maasai communities and for adaptation with indigenous people groups in other regions.
Beyond “Teach a Man to Fish”: Communal Meta-cognition as the Key to Sustainable Professional Development
Authors: Foster Ken
Published: September 2014

Improvement in the quality of aid and development in a community requires a feedback loop within the community, known as “communal meta-cognition.” This is relevant to medical education in resource-poor countries and is illustrated with the author’s own surgical experience. The usual source of truth is unquestioned allegiance to established wisdom rather than the dynamic state that comes through the feedback loop of asking questions, most importantly of one’s self. Some elements of what this might look like in a medical education context are illustrated.
The Intersection of Home Care and HIV with Health and Faith
Authors: Campbell Ian D
Published: September 2014

This paper describes significant events in the 1980s in Zambia which involved communities and health institutions in change that is still felt today. The Churches Health Association of Zambia leadership wanted this history to be retold by a leader from the past, and remembered as a vision and values framework that is still relevant. It is experienced as indigenous, describing strengths that are not brought from out-side with funding of any kind.
The story still influences an awakening of strength in places far removed from Africa. A recent example is shared from China, where community health and church workers have an intense interest in the development of local initiative in response to HIV.
Sent to Heal! About the Biblical Roots, the History, and the Legacy of Medical Missions
Authors: Grundmann Christoffer H.
Published: September 2014

The article situates medical missions within the broader context of the healing ministry of the Christian Church. In its first part it sketches the biblical tradition of this healing ministry and its meaning in the life of Jesus and his disciples. The second section provides a survey of Christian healing initiatives and care for the sick from the Early Church until the emergence of medical missions in the nineteenth century. The third part focuses on the development of the concept medical missions and its changes up to the present, while the final part briefly reflects on the lasting legacy of medical missions which is seen in that, if Christians ignore and neglect corporeality, they disgrace God the Creator and God's incarnation in Jesus Christ. The article therefore concludes that medical missions remind the Church that at the root of too spiritual a concept of mission and too materialistic a concept of health lies a misconceived, non-biblical anthropology which profoundly distorts the Christian witness to God incarnate in Christ.
Shalom & Eirene: The Full Framework for Health Care
Authors: Landa Apolos
Published: September 2014

Our present world and society longs for meaning and wholeness. A major contributor to this state is the dualistic worldview legacy of modern Western culture. Rich and poor-- male and female-- white and black are asked at every corner to choose between different dimensions of human life as if the lines of these dimensions did not intersect at one point: the person.
Strong Structure Band Gap Relation in Semiconductors: Implications for Computational Band Gap Prediction
Authors: Foster David H. , Schneider Guenter
Published: September 2014

Structure prediction for novel materials requires computationally inexpensive lattice relaxation methods. Prediction of the band gap and excited state properties depends on the accuracy of the relaxations and the sensitivity of the band edges to structural parameters. We examine the relaxation performance of common relaxation methods for several members of the type IB3-V-VI4copper chalcogenide semiconductors, which have become of recent interest for potential photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications. These materials are members of a larger family of materials, composed of type IB and type VI elements and additional elements acting as cations, which contains structures as complex as Cu12Sb4S13(tetrahedrite) and may benefit from materials prediction studies. Examining Cu3PS4, Cu3PSe4, Cu3AsS4, and Cu3AsSe4, we find that relaxation induced structural errors cause subsequently calculated band gap valuesEgto deviate by as much as 0.6 eV from values obtained using experimentally determined structures. Using the HSE06 hybrid functional we find that the complex V/VI* anti-bonding character of the conduction band minimum creates a band gap sensitivity of order 10 eV/Å to the mean V-VI distance 〈V-VI〉. A weaker correlation betweenEgand 〈IB-VI〉 exists due to the Cu-d/Ch-p* character of the valence band maximum (Ch = S, Se). Type IB-III-VI2materials are known to have similar properties and we include CuInSe2, CuAlS2, and CuAlSe2. Regarding structural relaxation accuracy, we find that GGA+Uand meta-GGA functional MS2 typically perform better than GGA (PBE) or PBEsol, but not as well as the much more expensive HSE functional.
Optimization study on hardness of gold film through supercritical electroplating process by response surface methodology
Authors: Wang Jau-Kai , Char Jir-Ming
Published: September 2014

A non-cyanide gold bath has been used to deposit gold film on a brass
substrate through electroplating process using supercritical carbon dioxide
emulsion. The hardness of deposited gold film was considered as a response
variable to optimize the process parameters of electroplating operation by
statistical experimental methods. Effects of current density, pressure
temperature, and chemical composition of the solution were investigated to
select the optimal operation factors. Scanning electron microscopy and
micro-hardness tester were applied to determine the characteristics of
metallic film. The screening of significant variables was examined by a 25-1
fractional factorial design with V resolution method. The experimental result
showed that the significant variables affecting the deposition of gold film
were current density, pressure and temperature. Based on Box-Behnken design
and response surface methodology (RSM), a regression model was built by
fitting the experimental results with a polynomial equation. The optimal
operating variable conditions can be searched at a specified hardness for
industrial hard and soft gold application ranged from 83.8 to 157.7 HV.
Acid leaching of oxide-sulphide copper ore prior the flotation: A way for an increased metal recovery
Authors: Sokic Miroslav , Milosevic Vladan , Stankovic Velizar , Matkovic Vladislav , Markovic Branislav
Published: September 2014

Copper mine "Cerovo"- East Serbia as well as the other ore bodies in its
vicinity contain a significant amount of oxide copper minerals in their uper
layers (>40%). Processing of such mixed ores by the existing concentration
technologies leads to a substantial copper losses (<60%). Reduction of "oxide
copper", by acid leaching prior the flotation concentration, can increase the
overall copper efficiency up to more than 70% in the single-stage leaching,
achieving an efficiency in the flotation concentration stage higher than 75%.
Based on the performed experimental results the flow sheet for processing of
the mixed oxide-sulphide copper ore is proposed.
Atypical case of Wilson's disease with psychotic onset, low 24 hour urine copper and the absence of Kayser-Fleischer rings
Authors: Krstic Dragan , Antonijevic Jadranka , Spiric Zeljko
Published: September 2014

Introduction. Wilson's disease is typically manifested in two clinical forms,
neurological and hepatic and in rare cases it starts with psychiatric
symptoms exclusively. We presented a rare atypical case of Wilson's disease
with psychotic onset. Case report. A 22-year-old male patient was initially
presented with predominant signs and symptoms of psychiatric disorder and
then later with the development of neurological signs and symptoms.
Neuroimaging, detected metal deposits in central nervous system (CNS) but
not in peripheral organs, while serum analysis excluded pantothenate-kinase
associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) and aceruloplasminemia. In favor of the
diagnosis of Wilson's disease there were reduced concentrations of copper
and ceruloplasmin concentrations and metal deposits in CNS, but other
pathognomonic signs and symptoms were absent: in-creased copper in urine,
Kayser-Fleischer rings in Descemet?s corneal membrane and deposits of
copper in liver. Introduction of penicillamine treatment resulted in
improvement in mental and general health of the patient. Molecular genetic
analysis definitely confirmed the diagnosis of Wilson's disease.
Conclusion. Wilson's disease can remain undetected for a long period of
time if masked with dominant or exclusive psychiatric symptoms. If clear
clinical symptoms and signs, and unambiguous laboratory findings are not
present, it is necessary to perform molecular genetic analysis to confirm
the definitive diagnosis.
Clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of melanoma in Serbia: The Melanoma Focus Study
Authors: Kandolf-Sekulovic Lidija , Babovic Nada , Balic Mirjana , Nikolin Borislava , Nikolic Dejan , Janjic Zlata , Jokic Neven , Mijuskovic Zeljko , Rajovic Milica , Novakovic Marijan , Vrbic Svetislav , Pejcic Ivica , Kovacevic Predrag , Mihajlovic Dragan , Roganovic Tatjana , Ferenc Vicko , Nikolic Jelena , Marinkovic Marija , Bizetic Zorana
Published: September 2014

Background/Aim. Treatment options for metastatic melanoma in Serbia are
limited due to the lack of newly approved biologic agents and the lack of
clinical studies. Also, there is a paucity of data regarding the treatment
approaches in different tertiary centers and efficacy of available
chemotherapy protocols. The aim of this study was to obtain more detailed
data about treatment protocols in Serbia based on structured survey in
tertiary oncology centers. Methods. Data about the melanoma patients treated
in 2011 were analyzed from hospital databases in 6 referent oncology centers
in Serbia, based on the structured survey, with the focus on metastatic
melanoma patients (unresectable stage IIIC and IV). Results. A total of 986
(79-315 in different centers) patients were treated, with 320 (32.45%) newly
diagnosed patients. There were 317 patients in stage IIIC/IV, 77/317 aged <
50 years. At the time of diagnosis 47.3% of patients were < 60 years of age
(24.2% < 40 years, 23% 50-59 years, 52.6% > 60 years). At initial diagnosis
12.5% of patients were in stage III and 4.5% in stage IV. The most common
type was superficial spreading melanoma (50-66%), followed by nodular
melanoma (23.5-50%). Apart from the regional and distant lymph node
metastases, the most frequent organs involved in stage IV disease were
distant skin and soft tissues (12-55%), lungs (19-55.5%), liver (10-60%),
and bones (3-10%). The first line therapy in stage IV metastatic melanoma
was dacarbazine (DTIC) dimethyl-triazeno-imidozole-carboxamide in 61-93% of
the patients, while the second line varied between the centers. Disease
control (complete response + partial response + stable disease) was achieved
in 25.7% of the patients treated with the first line chemotherapy and 23.1%
of the patients treated with the second line therapy, but the duration of
response was short, in first-line therapy 6.66 ? 3.36 months (median 6.75
months). More than 90% of patients were treated outside the clinical trials.
Conclusion. Based on this survey, there is a large unmet need for the new
treatment options for metastatic melanoma in Serbia. The development of
national guidelines, and greater involvement in international clinical
studies could lead to widening of treatment options for this chemotherapy
resistant disease.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kostic Dejan , Brkic-Georgievski Biljana , Jovanovski Aleksandar , Kostic Smiljana , Ivetic Drazen , Sekulovic Leposava
Published: September 2014

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by the
following symptoms: seizures, impaired consciousness and/or vision,
vomiting, nausea, and focal neurological signs. Diagnostic imaging includes
examination by magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT), where
brain edema is visualized bi-laterally and symmetrically, predominantly
posteriorly, parietally, and occipitally. Case report. We presented a
73-year-old patient with the years-long medical history of hipertension and
renal insufficiency, who developed PRES with the symptomatology of the rear
cranium. CT and MR verified changes in the white matter involving all lobes
on both sides of the brain. After a two-week treatment (antihypertensive,
hypolipemic and rehydration therapy) clinical improvement with no
complications occurred, with complete resolution of changes in the white
matter observed on CT and MR. Conclusion. PRES is a reversible syndrome in
which the symptoms withdraw after several days to several weeks if early
diagnosis is made and appropriate treatment started without delay.
Synchronous gastric and colonic cancer: A case report
Authors: Trifunovic Bratislav , Neskovic Branimir , Bezmarevic Mihailo , Krsic Jovan , Veljovic Milic , Zeljkovic Dejan
Published: September 2014

Introduction. Synchronous gastric and colorectal cancer is present in 4% of
cases, commonly as additional finding. This is the case of invasive,
synchronous gastric and sigmoid colon cancer. Case report. A 63-years-old
male patient admitted to our institution complaining on pains in
epigastrium, vomiting, rapid weight loss and occasional constipation. Using
the method of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) the presence of
ulcero-infiltrative tumor of gastric fundus was verified, and colonoscopy
revealed stenosing tumor of sigmoid colon. Undergoing a multislice computed
tomography (MSCT) of the thorax and the abdomen the changes on the patient?s
right lung appeared, while video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) and biopsy of
the right lung excluded malignant dissemination. A total gastrectomy with
omentectomy, splenectomy, D2 lymphadenectomy and typical left hemicolectomy
were also performed. Histopathological examination verified invasive,
diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma and invasive, tubular colon adenocarcinoma.
The patient underwent systemic postoperative chemotherapy. Two years after
the surgical procedure, the patient is alive, with no signs of recidivism.
Conclusion. In patients with symptomatology which does not correspond to
primary malignancy, just like in the presented case, additional diagnostics
is required. Combined resection is adequate surgical procedure for
synchronous gastric and colonic cancer.
Magneto-Hydro Dynamic Flow and Heat Transfer of Nonnewtonian Power-Law Fluid Over a Non-Linear Stretching Surface with Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Kishan N. , Kavitha P.
Published: September 2014

A fluid flow and heat transfer analysis of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian power law fluid flowing over a non-linear stretching surface in the presence of a transverse magnetic field taking into consideration viscous dissipation effects is investigated. The stretching velocity, the temperature and the transverse magnetic field are assumed to vary in a power-law with the distance from the origin. The flow is induced due to an infinite elastic sheet which is stretched in its own plane. The governing equations are reduced to non-linear ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformations. By using quasi-linearization techniques first linearize the non linear momentum equation is linearized and then the coupled ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite difference scheme. The numerical solution is found to be dependent on several governing parameters, including the magnetic field parameter, power-law index, Eckert number, velocity exponent parameter, temperature exponent parameter, modified Prandtl number and heat source/sink parameter. A systematic study is carried out to illustrate the effects of these parameters on the fluid velocity and the temperature distribution in the boundary layer. The results for the local skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are tabulated and discussed.
The Matlab Toolbox for Modeling Complex Mechanisms
Authors: Pająk I.
Published: September 2014

In the paper, a new version of the Matlab toolbox for modeling and simulation of any mechanisms consisting of open kinematic chains is presented. This tool renders it possible to define any manipulator described by Denavit-Hartenberg parameters and then connect the mechanisms created in this way into one complex mechanism. The package can be used for a realistic visualization of robot motion necessary in research, didactic process or during design of a production cell. Available functions render it possible to show a realistic model of a mechanism based on both default and user defined appearance. The toolbox also provides a set of tools for performing simultaneous simulations of many robots and other objects in their workspace. An example illustrating new features of the toolbox, presenting modeling and motion simulating of human upper limb is also attached.
Effects of Thermal Diffusion and Viscous Dissipation on Unsteady MHD Free Convection Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate Under Oscillatory Suction Velocity with Heat Sink
Authors: Prabhakar Reddy B.
Published: September 2014

The thermal diffusion and viscous dissipation effects on an unsteady MHD free convection heat and mass transfer flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting, fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium of time dependent permeability under oscillatory suction velocity in the presence of a heat absorbing sink have been studied. It is considered that the influence of a uniform magnetic field acts normal to the flow and the permeability of the porous medium fluctuates with time. The dimensionless governing equations for this investigation have been solved numerically by using the efficient Galerkin finite element method. The numerical results obtained have been presented through graphs and tables for the thermal Grashof number (Gr > 0) corresponding to the cooling of the porous plate and (Gr < 0) corresponding to heating of the porous plate to observe the effects of various material parameters encountered in the problem under investigation. Numerical data for skin-friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are tabulated and then discussed.
The Evolution of Linearized Perturbations in a Magnetohydrodynamic Boundary Layer
Authors: Vijayalakshmi A.R. , Balagondar P.M.
Published: September 2014

The evolution of linearized perturbations in a magnetohydrodynamic shear flow is studied using the initial value problem approach. Here the resulting equation in time posed by using the Fourier transform is solved for the Fourier amplitudes for modeled boundary layer for different initial disturbances. The shear flow prototype here is a piecewise linear approximation of a magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer. The initial disturbances that are considered are a point source of the field of transverse velocity and magnetic field. Solutions are obtained for small values of Alfve’n velocity. The velocity plots are drawn for different values of Alfve’n velocity.
Chemical Reaction Effects on MHD Flow Past an Impulsively Started Isothermal Vertical Plate with Uniform Mass Diffusion
Authors: Chandrakala P. , Narayana Bhaskar P.
Published: September 2014

A numerical technique is employed to derive a solution to the transient natural convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past an impulsively started infinite isothermal vertical plate with uniform mass diffusion in the presence of a magnetic field and homogeneous chemical reaction of first order. The governing equations are solved using implicit finite-difference method. The effects of velocity, temperature and concentration for different parameters such as the magnetic field parameter, chemical reaction parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, thermal Grashof number and mass Grashof number are studied. It is observed that the fluid velocity decreases with increasing the chemical reaction parameter and the magnetic field parameter.
Influence of Heat Sources and Relaxation Time on Temperature Distribution in Tissues
Authors: Sharma S. , Sharma K.
Published: September 2014

In the present study, the temperature fluctuations in tissues based on Penne’s bio-heat transfer equation is investigated by applying the Laplace and Hankel transforms. To get the solution in a physical form, a numerical inversion technique has been applied. The temporal and spatial distribution of temperature is investigated with the effect of relaxation time and is presented graphically.
Analytical Solution of the Time Fractional Fokker-Planck Equation
Authors: Sutradhar T. , Datta B.K. , Bera R.K.
Published: September 2014

A nonperturbative approximate analytic solution is derived for the time fractional Fokker-Planck (F-P) equation by using Adomian’s Decomposition Method (ADM). The solution is expressed in terms of Mittag- Leffler function. The present method performs extremely well in terms of accuracy, efficiency and simplicity.
Laminin- and basement membranepolycaprolactone blend nanofibers as a scaffold for regenerative medicine
Authors: Neal Rebekah A. , Lenz Steven M. , Wang Tiffany , Abebayehu Daniel , Brooks Benjamin P.C. , Ogle Roy C. , Botchwey Edward A.
Published: September 2014

Mimicking one or more components of the basement membrane (BM) holds great promise for overcoming insufficiencies in tissue engineering therapies. We have electrospun laminin nanofibers (NFs) isolated from the murine Engelbreth-Holm Swarm (EHS) tumor and evaluated them as a scaffold for embryonic stem cell culture. Seeded human embryonic stem cells were found to better maintain their undifferentiated, colony environment when cultured on laminin NFs compared to laminin mats, with 75% remaining undifferentiated on NFs. Mouse embryonic stem cells cultured on 10% laminin-polycaprolactone (PCL) NFs maintained their colony formation for twice as long without passage compared to those on PCL or gelatin substrates. In addition, we have established a protocol for electrospinning reconstituted basement membrane aligned (RBM)-PCL NFs within 10° of angular deviation. Neuron-like PC12 cells show significantly greater attachment (p < 0.001) and percentage of neuriteextending cells
Ternary approximating non-stationary subdivision schemes for curve design
Authors: Siddiqi Shahid , Younis Muhammad
Published: September 2014

In this paper, an algorithm has been introduced to produce ternary 2m-point (for any integer m ≥ 1) approximating non-stationary subdivision schemes which can generate the linear spaces spanned by {1; cos(α.); sin(α.)}. The theory of asymptotic equivalence is being used to analyze the convergence and smoothness of the schemes. The proposed algorithm can be consider as the non-stationary counter part of the 2-point and 4-point existing ternary stationary approximating schemes, for different values of m. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has the ability to reproduce or regenerate the conic sections, trigonometric polynomials and trigonometric splines.
Analytical accuracy of the one dimensional heat transfer in geometry with logarithmic various surfaces
Authors: Vahabzadeh A. , Fakour M. , Ganji D. , Rahimipetroudi I.
Published: September 2014

In this study, heat transfer and temperature distribution equations for logarithmic surface are investigated analytically and numerically. Employing the similarity variables, the governing differential equations have been reduced to ordinary ones and solved via Homotopy perturbation method (HPM), Variational iteration method (VIM), Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The influence of the some physical parameters such as rate of effectiveness of temperature on non-dimensional temperature profiles is considered. Also the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method (NUM) is used for the validity of these analytical methods and excellent agreement are observed between the solutions obtained from HPM, VIM, ADM and numerical results.
City sewer collectors biocorrosion
Authors: Ksia̧żek Mariusz
Published: September 2014

This paper presents the biocorrosion of city sewer collectors impregnated with special polymer sulphur binders, polymerized sulphur, which is applied as the industrial waste material. The city sewer collectors are settled with a colony of soil bacteria which have corrosive effects on its structure. Chemoautotrophic nitrifying bacteria utilize the residues of halites (carbamide) which migrate in the city sewer collectors, due to the damaged dampproofing of the roadway and produce nitrogen salts. Chemoorganotrophic bacteria utilize the traces of organic substrates and produce a number of organic acids (formic, acetic, propionic, citric, oxalic and other). The activity of microorganisms so enables the origination of primary and secondary salts which affect physical properties of concretes in city sewer collectors unfavourably.
Low temperature impact toughness of the main gas pipeline steel after long-term degradation
Authors: Maruschak Pavlo , Danyliuk Iryna , Bishchak Roman , Vuherer Tomaž
Published: September 2014

The correlation of microstructure, temperature and Charpy V-notch impact properties of a steel 17G1S pipeline steel was investigated in this study. Within the concept of physical mesomechanics, the dynamic failure of specimens is represented as a successive process of the loss of shear stability, which takes place at different structural/scale levels of the material. Characteristic stages are analyzed for various modes of failure, moreover, typical levels of loading and oscillation periods, etc. are determined. Relations between low temperature derived through this test, microstructures and Charpy (V-notch) toughness test results are also discussed in this paper.
Erratum to Central European Journal of Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 2
Authors: Bere Paul , Neamtu Calin
Published: September 2014

Paper by Paul Bere, Calin Neamtu. “Methodology for evaluate the form deviations for formula one nose car” in Volume 4, Issue 2, 148–154/June 2014 doi: 10.2478/s13531-013-0158-x contains an error in the author’s affiliation and descriptions of figures. The correct affiliation and descriptions of figures are presented below.
Vertical Fracture Through the Body of the Talus
Authors: Parks Kyle E. , Rowe Todd M.
Published: September 2014

The patient was a 35-year-old man who was evaluated by a physical therapist in a direct-access capacity for a chief complaint of right ankle pain and an inability to bear weight. Because the patient was unable to bear weight on his right lower extremity, the physical therapist ordered radiographs of the right ankle, which demonstrated a vertical fracture through the body of the talus.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(9):722. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0410
Utility of perioperative B-type natriuretic peptide in off-pump bypass surgery
Authors: Joshi Dikshya , Guo Zhi Gang
Published: September 2014

Background and Aims: This study was performed to determine clinical relevance of perioperative B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: 145 consecutive patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting during 8-month period were enrolled in this study. The relationship between the plasma BNP and various clinical parameters was examined. Postoperatively their main clinical endpoints including requirement of mechanical ventilator support, length of intensive care unit stay and hospital stay was closely monitored. Results: Mean preoperative BNP levels were significantly higher in patients whose left ventricular ejection fraction was less than 0.50 (P<0.00083), and New York Heart Association class (III, IV) (P<0.02). The determinants of preoperative higher level of BNP can be related to the advanced age of the patients, r=0.387 (P<0.01) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter, r=0.200 (P<0.05). Postoperative 12-hour BNP correlated significantly with the duration of mechanical ventilation, rho=0.84 (P<0.05), and postoperative hospital stay for 10 days or more, rho=0.202 (P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed a significant association between 12-hour BNP and the requirement of mechanical ventilation, Wald=3.956 (P<0.049, 95% CI_1.023- 20.476). Conclusion: Plasma BNP concentration is a valuable biochemical marker, is easy to measure and can effectively predict postoperative outcome in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Baseline BNP had strong correlation with the age and ventricular function of the patient. Postoperatively, elevated 12-hour BNP indicated prolonged ventilation and longer duration of hospital stay. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v11i1.10977   Nepalese Heart Journal 2014;11(1): 19-25
Prevalence of other associated risk factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Hypertensive patients in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Buna , Bhattarai Mahesh , Bhandari Manjul , Ghimire Anup , Pokharel Paras Kumar
Published: September 2014

Background and Aims : Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for Cardiovascular Diseases which cause 45% of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension, along with other risk factors such as smoking, diabetes and obesity, is an emerging epidemic in many developing countries. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of other associated conventional risk factors of cardiovascular disease among hypertensive patients. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted among 154 hypertensive patients over age 35yrs in Dharan Municipality. Data were collected by face to face interview method using structured questionnaire then analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Around 29% hypertensive patients were between the age of 45 – 55 yrs and above 65 years. Prevalence of obesity was significantly higher 70.8%. Similarly, 46.8% had habit of taking high salt diet and 58.4% were taking high fat diet. Likewise, less physically active people were 58.4% and 64.9% were consuming alcohol regularly. Whereas 42.9% were smoker and 48.7% had stressful life. Moreover, this study also showed 46.1% had uncontrolled blood pressure in this hypertensive group. Conclusion: Cardiovascular Disease risk factors are highly prevalent among the hypertensive patients in this study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v11i1.10978 Nepalese Heart Journal 2014;11(1): 27-31
Coronary Artery Thrombosis: Is High Serum Homocysteine Level a Culprit?
Authors: Dubey Laxman , Guruprasad Sogunuru , Bhattacharya Rabindra , Subramanyam Gangapatnam
Published: September 2014

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor of coronary artery disease associated to arterial thrombosis. We report a case in which coronary angiography showed full of thrombus causing total obstruction of the left anterior descending artery. Patient was managed successfully with intravenous thrombolysis. Biochemical analysis revealed a high serum homocysteine level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v11i1.10982   Nepalese Heart Journal 2014;11(1): 49-52
Volume-staged versus dose-staged radiosurgery outcomes for large intracranial arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Moosa Shayan , Chen Ching-Jen , Ding Dale , Lee Cheng-Chia , Chivukula Srinivas , Starke Robert M. , Yen Chun-Po , Xu Zhiyuan , Sheehan Jason P.
Published: September 2014

Object

The aim in this paper was to compare the outcomes of dose-staged and volume-staged stereotactic radio-surgery (SRS) in the treatment of large (> 10 cm3) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed. Studies written in the English language with at least 5 patients harboring large (> 10 cm3) AVMs treated with dose- or volume-staged SRS that reported post-treatment outcomes data were selected for review. Demographic information, radiosurgical treatment parameters, and post-SRS outcomes and complications were analyzed for each of these studies.

Results

The mean complete obliteration rates for the dose- and volume-staged groups were 22.8% and 47.5%, respectively. Complete obliteration was demonstrated in 30 of 161 (18.6%) and 59 of 120 (49.2%) patients in the dose- and volume-staged groups, respectively. The mean rates of symptomatic radiation-induced changes were 13.5% and 13.6% in dose- and volume-staged groups, respectively. The mean rates of cumulative post-SRS latency period hemorrhage were 12.3% and 17.8% in the dose- and volume-staged groups, respectively. The mean rates of post-SRS mortality were 3.2% and 4.6% in dose- and volume-staged groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Volume-staged SRS affords higher obliteration rates and similar complication rates compared with dose-staged SRS. Thus, volume-staged SRS may be a superior approach for large AVMs that are not amenable to single-session SRS. Staged radiosurgery should be considered as an efficacious component of multimodality AVM management.
Intraoperative arteriovenous malformation rupture: causes, management techniques, outcomes, and the effect of neurosurgeon experience
Authors: Torné Ramon , Rodríguez-Hernández Ana , Lawton Michael T.
Published: September 2014

Object

Intraoperative rupture can transform an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) resection. Blood suffuses the field and visualization is lost; suction must clear the field and the hand holding the suction device is immobilized; the resection stalls while hemostasis is being reestablished; the cause and site of the bleeding may be unclear; bleeding may force technical errors and morbidity from chasing the source into eloquent white matter; and AVM bleeding can be so brisk that it overwhelms the neurosurgeon. The authors reviewed their experience with this dangerous complication to examine its causes, management, and outcomes.

Methods

From a cohort of 591 patients with AVMs treated surgically during a 15-year period, 32 patients (5%) experienced intraoperative AVM rupture. Their prospective data and medical records were reviewed.

Results

Intraoperative AVM rupture was not correlated with presenting hemorrhage, but had a slightly higher incidence infratentorially (7%) than supratentorially (5%). Rupture was due to arterial bleeding in 18 patients (56%), premature occlusion of a major draining vein in 10 (31%), and nidal penetration in 4 (13%). In 14 cases (44%), bleeding control was abandoned and the AVM was removed immediately (“commando resection”). The incidence of intraoperative rupture was highest during the initial 5-year period (9%) and dropped to 3% and 4% in the second and third 5-year periods, respectively. Ruptures due to premature venous occlusion and nidal penetration diminished with experience, whereas those due to arterial bleeding remained steady. Despite intraoperative rupture, 90% of AVMs were completely resected initially and all of them ultimately. Intraoperative rupture negatively impacted outcome, with significantly higher final modified Rankin Scale scores (mean 2.8) than in the overall cohort (mean 1.5; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Intraoperative AVM rupture is an uncommon complication caused by pathological arterial anatomy and by technical mistakes in judging the dissection distance from the AVM margin and in mishandling or misinterpreting the draining veins. The decrease in intraoperative rupture rate over time suggests the existence of a learning curve. In contrast, intraoperative rupture due to arterial bleeding reflects the difficulty with dysplastic feeding vessels and deep perforator anatomy rather than neurosurgeon experience. The results demonstrate that intraoperative AVM rupture negatively impacts patient outcome, and that skills in managing this catastrophe are critical.
Microsurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: postoperative outcomes and predictors of complications in 264 cases
Authors: Theofanis Thana , Chalouhi Nohra , Dalyai Richard , Starke Robert M. , Jabbour Pascal , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula
Published: September 2014

Object

The authors conducted a study to assess the safety and efficacy of microsurgical resection of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and determine predictors of complications.

Methods

A total of 264 patients with cerebral AVMs were treated with microsurgical resection between 1994 and 2010 at the Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience. A review of patient data was performed, including initial hemorrhage, clinical presentation, Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade, treatment modalities, clinical outcomes, and obliteration rates. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine predictors of operative complications.

Results

Of the 264 patients treated with microsurgery, 120 (45%) patients initially presented with hemorrhage. There were 27 SM Grade I lesions (10.2%), 101 Grade II lesions (38.3%), 96 Grade III lesions (36.4%), 31 Grade IV lesions (11.7%), and 9 Grade V lesions (3.4%). Among these patients, 102 (38.6%) had undergone prior endovascular embolization. In all patients, resection resulted in complete obliteration of the AVM. Complications occurred in 19 (7.2%) patients and resulted in permanent neurological deficits in 5 (1.9%). In multivariate analysis, predictors of complications were increasing AVM size (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5–6.6; p = 0.001), increasing number of embolizations (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.2; p = 0.01), and unruptured AVMs (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1–7.2; p = 0.05).

Conclusions

Microsurgical resection of AVMs is highly efficient and can be undertaken with low rates of morbidity at high-volume neurovascular centers. Unruptured and larger AVMs were associated with higher complication rates.