bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feto-maternal outcome of pregnancies diagnosed as hypothyroidism after 28 weeks of gestation, at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Garg Asha , Goyal Sham Sunder , Bedi Mini , . Muskan
Published: October 2021

Background: The most frequent thyroid alteration observed in pregnancy is hypothyroidism with subclinical hypothyroidism being more common than overt hypothyroidism. Women with thyroid dysfunction both overt and subclinical are at increased risk of pregnancy-related complications. In present study we assessed feto-maternal outcome of pregnancies in whom hypothyroidism was diagnosed after 28 weeks of gestation.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Adesh institute of medical sciences and research Medical College, Bathinda. The present study was of prospective, observational design, conducted in pregnant women with more than 28 weeks pregnancy, first time diagnosed as hypothyroid (TSH>3.0 mIU/l).Results: In present study total 37 patients completed study protocol, 6 patients were delivered at other hospital. Most patients were less than 20 years (32%), nulliparous (68%). 19% patients delivered preterm either due to spontaneous labour or labour induction for obstetric reason. 62% patients delivered vaginally, 35% underwent LSCS. In present study maternal complications such as preterm labour (24%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (22%), oligohydramnios (16%), overt/gestational diabetes mellitus (8%) and post-partum haemorrhage (5%) were noted. 2.5-3.4 kg birth weight was most common group (65%). Total 16 % babies required neonatal resuscitation. Babies requiring neonatal resuscitation were admitted in NICU for observation and for any further management. Neonatal jaundice was noted in 30% babies. Total 22% babies needed NICU admission. We noted early neonatal death in one baby. No maternal mortality was noted.Conclusions: Treatment of maternal hypothyroidism is essential, because adverse outcomes for both mother and baby are greatly reduced, if not eliminated, when patients are treated.
Seizure disorders in pregnancy: an insight beyond eclampsia and epilepsy
Authors: Sharma Arti , Gupta Vineeta , Sarda Prashant , Singh Parul , Gupta Nikita , Kohli Swati
Published: October 2021

Background: Seizures in pregnancy contribute to poor maternal and perinatal outcome. Though eclampsia and epilepsy are common causes of seizures in pregnancy but there are several other conditions apart from eclampsia and epilepsy which give rise to convulsions. Objective of this study was to evaluate fetomaternal outcome in patients with seizure disorders as well as to analyze the other causes of seizures in pregnancy apart from eclampsia and epilepsy.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Shri. Guru Ram Rai institute of medical and health sciences, Dehradun, India over a period of 39 months from January 2017to March 2020, in all pregnant women with seizure disorders delivered in this hospital. In all cases demographic characteristics, causes of seizure with special attention on noneclamptic, non-epileptic conditions, maternal complications, mode of delivery and fetal outcome were noted.Results: Total 97 cases with seizure disorders were included in the study. Mostly seizures were due to eclampsia and epilepsy in 91.75% cases. Among other causes neurocysticercosis, cerebral malformation, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, brain tumor, and cerebral infarcts contributed to seizures in pregnancy in 8.25%cases. Maternal complications were premature rupture of membranes, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, anaemia, jaundice and abruption observed in37.11% cases. Live birth rate was 76.28%, prematurity was present in 27.83% cases and fetal growth restriction was seen in 7.21% neonates. There were 5 (5.15 %) neonatal deaths.Conclusions: Seizure disorders in pregnancy are associated with significant increase in maternal and fetal risk. Maternal complications, cesarean section rate and neonatal complications are increased. Several other conditions apart from eclampsia, need to be considered in patients without epilepsy presenting with convulsions in pregnancy.
A study of placental blood drainage in third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Bhongle Jaya Kashinathrao , Agarwal Rashmi
Published: October 2021

Background: PPH is most common cause of maternal mortality accounting for 25-30% incidence and third stage of labour plays most crucial role in preventing postpartum haemorrhage.Methods: A prospective randomized control study in which 100 low risk pregnant women, admitted to labour ward with term gestation were evaluated. They were divided into 2 groups- control group (controlled cord traction) and study group (placental cord blood drainage), 50 pregnant women in each group. Duration of third stage and Amount of blood loss in third stage were evaluated and compared between the 2 groups.Results: Mean duration of third stage of labour in study group was 3.96±1.36 minutes and in control group was 6.00±2.12 minutes. The mean amount of blood loss in third stage of labour in study group was 99.80±56.47 ml in control group was 171.760±96.94 ml. Drop in haemoglobin level after delivery in control group was almost double than study group.Conclusions: Placental cord blood drainage in the management of third stage is non-invasive, easy, safe method which can be used in active management of third stage of labour as it has minimal interference in natural mechanism of placental separation. Placental cord blood drainage should be encouraged for management of third stage of labour universally to all pregnant women specifically in low resource setting areas.
Evaluation of maternal admission to intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital of Kashmir valley
Authors: Rashid Rehana , Galzie Saniyah Khan , Ahmed Javid
Published: October 2021

Background: Management of critically ill obstetric women at an ICU is a challenge to both physicians and obstetricians due to physiological adaptations and progress of diseases during pregnancy and puerperium. There has been a striking association between the number of maternal deaths and the accessibility to ICU care. Obstetric patients get admitted to the ICU approximately at 0.1-0.9% times of all deliveries. Objective was to evaluate the occurrence, indication and outcome of patients admitted in the ICU of an obstetric tertiary care hospital.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out from August 2020 to January 2021 at Lalla Ded Hospital, a tertiary care Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Kashmir valley. Data for this study was collected retrospectively from hospital records. The demographic details, indication for ICU admission, co-morbidities, ante natal care records were noted on admission to the ICU.Results: The total ICU admission during this time period was 212 (1.44%) with obstetric patients being 194 (91.5%) and gynaecologic patients 18 (8.5%). Obstetric haemorrhage (38.2) followed by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (24.1%) were the most common indications for ICU admission. 26.9% patients needed mechanical ventilation during ICU admission.Conclusions: Analysing intensive care unit utilization during pregnancy can be an accepted approach to identify severe and near miss maternal morbidity. Development and upliftment of primary health care facilities with involvement of multi-disciplinary teams and referral of high risk pregnancies to higher health centres is the key to decrease maternal mortality and morbidity.
A trend analysis of people living with human immunodeficiency virus attending an anti-retroviral therapy centre in urban Bangalore
Authors: N. R. Ramesh Masthi , Bharathi G. Divya , S. Pruthvi
Published: October 2021

Background: HIV infection in India is a major public health problem. The anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centre is the backbone of the national acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) control program (NACO). To assess the trend of new people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) registered at an ART centre in Bangalore and their treatment status.Methods: All the PLHIV registered at an ART centre from 1st January, 2009 to 31st December, 2018 were included in the study. PLHIV registered but not initiated on treatment, were excluded.Results: Out of 4428 PLHIV registered at an ART centre, 2964 were initiated on treatment. The youngest PLHIV registered was 6 years, oldest was 79 years and the decadal median age was 38 years. Majority (41.4%) were in the age group of 31 to 40 years. Predominant gender was male. A declining trend of new PLHIV, LFU/stopped/missed cases over the past decade was observed. The 1658 are alive, 402 died, 305 cases either missed, stopped or lost to follow up, 32 cases were opted out of the treatment and 567 cases were transferred out.Conclusions: A decline in number of new PLHIV, LFU, missed and stopped over the decade was observed.
Knowledge and consumption of folic acid among teachers in Jammu region: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Choudhary Neha , Manhas Preeti , Narangyal Akash , Manhas Rohan Singh
Published: October 2021

Background: Folic acid reduces the risk of birth defects, including neural tube defects (NTDs). It reduces the risk of miscarriage and fetal death as well as folate-deficiency anemia. Folate status is particularly important before conception and during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Objective was to assess knowledge and consumption of folic acid among teachers in the reproductive age group.Methods: 336 school teachers selected from government and private schools (primary/middle/secondary/higher secondary) by simple random sampling technique. Teacher’s knowledge and consumption of folic acid and associated factors was studied using a pre- tested; self- administered questionnaire.Results: 95% teachers had heard about folic acid, 57% knew about neural tube defects. 53% were aware of the role of folic acid in NTDs. 66% had knowledge about the best timing for its intake. 56% were aware about the sources rich in folic acid. 75% believed that foods are the best source of folic acid, 80% believed that taking foods rich in folic acid and tablets are sufficient to maintain body stores.49% were taking folic acid presently. 66% of the participants were taking folic acid under medical advice, 29% due to the recommendations by their family/friends while self-initiation was reported in only 5% of the individuals.Conclusions: IEC activities needs to be conducted among different strata of population so that the intake of folic acid could be increased and associated factors effecting its intake and absorption could be taken care of.
Complementary and alternative medicine use in the prevention of COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Kerala, India
Authors: Mini G. K. , Grace Chitra A. , Jinbert Lordson
Published: October 2021

Background: Globally, there is evidence of increased Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use during epidemics, and pandemics.  Recent studies have shown that there is an increased use of CAM during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of the study was to investigate the pattern of CAM practice in the prevention of COVID-19 pandemic among adults in Kerala state, India.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the first week of June 2021 among adults residing in Kerala state. The study used a pre-tested google form to collect the data. A total of 548 individuals aged 18-84 years answered an online questionnaire for the present study.Results: A higher proportion (52.4%) of participants were aged <30 years, 30.8% were males, 55.3% rural residents, 26.6% health care professionals, and 51.1% had a regular income. CAM use prevalence was 59.3% (95% CI: 55.1 to 63.3). Social media (46.9%) was the most frequently reported source of CAM. The age-adjusted analysis results showed that CAM use was higher among health professionals (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.41-3.27), those who did not believe that vaccine could prevent coronavirus (OR: 1.91 CI: 1.08-3.39), and those who were having no regular income (OR: 1.56, CI: 1.04-2.34), compared to their counterparts.Conclusions: Close to 60% of CAM use in this population is a public health concern since the efficacy of CAM use for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 is not known.  The CAM users will be under a sense of false protection, which is likely to negate vaccination and seeking proper treatment for COVID -19 in Kerala.
Prevalence of internet addiction and its association with quality of sleep among arts and science college students of Puducherry, India
Authors: Razik Mohammed C. A. , Premarajan Kariyarath Cheriyath , Sujiv Akkilgunta , Olickal Jeby Jose
Published: October 2021

Background: College students are found to be heavy users of internet globally. Hence, present study was aimed to find the prevalence of internet addiction and the association of internet addiction with quality of sleep.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among arts and science college students of Puducherry, India. Two arts and science colleges selected and proportionate stratified sampling was used for selecting the students. Young's internet addiction scale and Pittsburgh sleep quality index were used as study tools.Results: A total of 497 students participated in the study. The median age was 19 years, and 56.3% were males. The prevalence of mild internet addiction was 42% (95% CI 37.9-46.6), and moderate addiction was 18.7% (95% CI 15.5-22.3). Prevalence of poor sleep quality was 63% (95% CI 58.8-67.3). After adjusting for the covariates, male gender had high internet addictions (2.24 95% CI 1.84-2.72, p<0.001). Students with internet addiction had 1.67 times poor sleep quality compared to their counterparts (p<0.001). Students from 20 to 24 years had poor sleep quality compared to18-19 years (p=0.040).Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among college students and was associated with internet addiction.
Educative booklet for elders with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: George Nenmanikkara Geoviya , Moosabba M. S. , Sivakumar M. R. , Suvarna Manjula
Published: October 2021

Background: Consistently following and practicing the instructions given in the educational booklets helps in the disease awareness and its management.Methods: The study was developed by formulating the booklet content; content selection and source reference; framing the content; artfully crafting the pictures; booklet layout; approval by the specialist and audience; modifying and proofreading.  For content validation, the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) score and scale level content validity index (S-CVI) score of minimum 0.80 was considered.Results: The booklet was created by focusing on 5 main aspects namely information about the disease and the importance about the lifestyle changes, exercises, advices that needs to be considered while exercising, footcare and fall prevention techniques. The recommendations made by the experts and the participants were accepted and incorporated in the booklet. The mean I-CVI and S-CVI scores are >0.90. The booklet was easy to read, understand and apply by the experts and participants.Conclusions: The results indicated that validated booklet can be considered as a useful educational tool for promoting the wellness among the elders with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Awareness of ergonomics for online teaching in school teachers
Authors: Baheti Radhika S. , Ray Manish M. , Shyam Ashok , Sancheti Parag
Published: October 2021

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have been a well-known health issue in many occupations and its incidence among school teachers is particularly high. The teachers were thrown into a “new normal” of working from home offices because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Online teaching invites its own set of musculoskeletal aches and pains accompanied with eye strain and even hoarseness of voice or discomfort in the throat caused due to speaking for hours at a stretch. Teachers teaching online have to work in a sitting posture for extended periods of time, gaze at the screens of the computer/mobile constantly throughout the task, speak continuously for most hours of their work and make voice modulations for them to be clearly audible over the connection. Hence, this study was conducted to find out the awareness of various ergonomic principles in school teachers conducting online lectures.Methods: The study included 97 participants within the age group of 20-58 years (38.35±10.50) who were sent the Self-made questionnaire via online platform. The questionnaire included several closed ended questions about the ergonomic principles, sitting postures and workstation set ups. The information so obtained was documented and converted into a computer based spread sheet for data analysis. Results: Based on the results obtained, the participants showed reduced levels of ergonomic awareness.Conclusions: The study therefore concluded that the teachers had reduced levels of ergonomic awareness.
Knowledge and practices towards road safety measures among intern and resident doctors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Das Bishnu Ram , Bora Sampurna , Das Arpan Kumar , Kakoti Gitali
Published: October 2021

Background: In spite of ongoing commitment and efforts, road traffic accidents continue to be a leading cause of death and disabilities in India. Adequate knowledge on road safety measures among budding doctors can create awareness and provide preventive counselling to their clients. An attempt was made to assess the knowledge and practices about road safety measures among intern and resident doctors working in tertiary care setting.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 young doctors of Jorhat Medical College, Jorhat, Assam.Results: Among the enrolled study participants 54% were intern and 46% were resident doctors. More than half of the participants were male. Knowledge on different, road signs among the young doctors ranges in between 68% to 99%. The dangerous effects of alcohol consumption while driving/riding were known to 93% of the participants.  While riding two wheels, only 58% always use helmet with belt and 33% sometimes use mobile phone. Regarding exceed in speed limit in two wheels, 11 (17%) participants informed that they surpass the speed limit and among them 10 (26%) were males which was found to be statistically significant. Among four-wheelers, 48% always use seat belt and 49% sometimes use mobile phone while driving. During four-wheel driving, 21% participants were involved in occasional drinking/smoking and it was found significantly higher in males.Conclusions: The study revealed that in spite of having adequate knowledge about road safety measures, intern and resident doctors are poor in practicing which warrant motivational and counselling intervention.
Evaluation survey of knowledge, attitude, belief and practices amongst nursing and paramedical students about appropriateness and challenges related to COVID-19 surcease measures
Authors: Kaushal Rituja , Yadav Anand
Published: October 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is harassing human beings for about 2 years from now. We are constantly designing and devising remedial modalities to get over it. A massive vaccination campaign is going on all over the world to achieve desired level of herd immunity. Still the key is preventive strategies including COVID-19 appropriate behaviour at the individual level.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken amongst paramedical students of a university campus to capture their understanding about different aspects of this pandemic by an 18 items based questionnaire.Results: More than 80% of study participants answered correctly about the asked question except aspects related to COVID-19 in children and about spread of infection via asymptomatic cases.Conclusions: Governments of various states should start multiple educational programs at grass root level to bring about a change. Behaviour change communication (BCC) and information, education, communication (IEC) strategies would be ideal to impart health education to meet the desired goals and objectives of bringing awareness amongst lay public.
A study of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding child birth spacing and its methods among the antenatal women of rural Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu
Authors: N. Sabari Raja
Published: October 2021

Background: India is the second highest populated country in the world with 1.32 billion populations and will reach 1.53 billion by next 30 years. The birth spacing is defined as the time interval between two births. While knowledge of birth spacing has reached substantial levels, conversion of this knowledge into a change in attitude and practicing of birth spacing appears lagged and challenged. Our objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of various birth spacing methods among the antenatal women of rural Thoothukudi.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among antenatal women who came for their routine antenatal checkup at the PHCs. Data was collected with a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and analysed. Results were expressed in percentages and proportions.Results: Out of 120 antenatal women participated in the study, majority (82.5%) had knowledge about ideal spacing period of 2 to 3 years. But majority of the women (79.20%) did not practice any of the birth spacing methods and only 20.80% women were actually practicing some of the birth spacing methods and the common method was Copper-T. The common reason for not adopting and discontinuance of contraceptive method is fear of its adverse effects (31%).Conclusions: The study results revealed that most of the women were aware that birth spacing between pregnancies is important and knew only about Cu-T. Also they knew that the ideal spacing interval should be 3 years. Thus Health Education Programmes are a must to enhance the knowledge of antenatal women about birth spacing methods.
Applications for data collection: AppDatCol
Authors: Pandey Anuj , . Surachna , Mishra Sidharth Sekhar
Published: October 2021

Health surveillance or routine health surveys are the main sources of health-related information in developing countries. The need to support the paper process and the recent advanced popularity of mobile devices fortified the development and use of electronic data collection methods in community health and clinical research works. Data collection apps are mobile applications that make it possible to collect data from a smartphone, tablet, or iPad. The main objective of this article is to explore different type of applications easily available for using as a tool for data collection purpose. This article will brief about software’s that are easily available to be customized and can be used for data collection. Mobile data collection apps are becoming integral to secure, reliable, and scalable research. The efficiency and dependability of these mobile survey apps, even in offline settings, open doors to new research possibilities. It begins with the freedom and adaptability of designing research-specific forms that work even in the most challenging environments. Sharing experiences of the barriers and distinct benefits of this technology will help future users to be better informed and allow for the swifter adoption of these and similar technologies. Although any digital form may suffice for the purpose of data gathering, not every data collection system may be used for sensitive, clinical or research data. We believe that Teamscope and CSPro stands out in the mobile data collection landscape and is the best choice for research purposes. No other application combines data encryption, passcode lock, cross-device compatibility with iOS and android, support for both cross sectional and longitudinal studies, like these applications does.
Surgical treatment of oral submucosal fibrosis
Authors: Hifny Sara Ahmed , AlShaikh Lujain Khalil , Alharthi Sana Ghazai , Abushanab Renad Maher , Aldahian Noha Abduallah , Alnamlah Sarah Saleh , Aljohani Sara Mohammed , Alghubairani Haitham Amer , Almalik Alghalia Essam , Neyaz Raghad Yousef , Abdulaziz Amro Mohammed
Published: October 2021

Oral submucosal fibrosis is a serious condition that might be associated with serious complications in the affected patient. The disease also represents a major challenge to the healthcare specialists and the patient before achieving proper management of the condition. Different pharmacological and surgical interventions have been validated. However, no single modality has been proved as an adequate management approach for the disease, which is probably due to the limited number of investigations in this concern and the limited knowledge about the pathogenesis of the condition. In the present literature review, we have discussed the different surgical approaches that have been reported in the literature for managing patients with oral submucosal fibrosis. These approaches mainly aimed to remove the fibrous bands in the oral cavity and maintain adequate mouth opening. It should be noted that it would be hard to write a solid conclusion in this concern because most of the current evidence was either lacking or obtained from a limited number of studies with no proper sample sizes or adequate follow up durations. Accordingly, the indication of the surgical intervention should be primarily done by the surgeon based on the degree of involvement of the oral cavity. Finally, we recommended that further comparative investigations be carried out to further demonstrate the most appropriate management modality and to rule out whether pharmacological or surgical modalities are more efficacious in these settings.
The use of e-cigarettes and its risk of respiratory diseases
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Hamed Saeed , Althagafi Nader Ghazi , Alshawaf Meshal Jamal , Allathiqani Osama Mohammed , Almaflehi Reem Abdulsalam , Almuzaini Fahad Abdulrahman , Almohammadi Munirah Salem , Alzahrani Mazen Ibrahim , Alshakhs Fatimah Mohammed , Wafa Asala Mamdouh , Alajmi Saleh Mubarak
Published: October 2021

There are increasing concerns about the impact of using e-cigarettes on the overall health and respiratory complications of users. These modalities were proposed to potentially reduce the harmful events that are associated with cigarette smoking. Nevertheless, the acute and chronic effects secondary to the exposure and use of this modality are still controversial. However, it has been demonstrated that using the modality is associated with remarkable damage to lung injury because it releases significant amounts of reactive oxygen species, furans, volatile carbonyls, furans and metals (chromium, lead, and nickel). We have discussed the impact of e-cigarette using and exposure to its aerosol and the development and progression of the different respiratory diseases at the different clinical and pathological levels. Asthma, chronic bronchitis were the most significant lung conditions, and evidence indicated that exacerbation of symptoms was reported in some patients. Furthermore, acute exposure was also associated with the development of respiratory-related symptoms. Accordingly, studies indicated severe inflammatory reactions and significant lung injury were observed among e-cigarette users concerning vaping or exposure. Therefore, further preventive approaches are required by healthcare authorities to increase public awareness of the different hazards of using these modalities.
Clinico-epidemiological profile of palmoplantar dermatoses in northeast India
Authors: S. Sana , Devi Bijayanti , S. Mrudula
Published: October 2021

Background: Palmoplantar dermatoses are skin diseases affecting palms and soles and are commonly seen in the dermatology practice. It can cause significant discomfort to the patients, affecting their daily activities and also is a diagnostic dilemma to the physician. To determine the clinico-epidemiological profile of palmoplantar dermatoses among patients attending the outpatient department (OPD).

Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study carried out from September 2018 to August 2020 in patients attending outpatient department of dermatology in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) Hospital, Imphal, Manipur.

Results: Of the total 200 patients, nearly half were males (50.5%). Most common age group involved was 26-45 years. Itching was the most common symptom (60%). Multiple lesions with palm alone involvement accounted for higher percentage with 39.5% followed by palmoplantar involvement. Most common palmoplantar dermatosis in the study was eczema with 23% followed by psoriasis (7.5%), dermatophytosis (7%), verruca vulgaris (6.5%), and keratolysis exfoliativa (6%).

Conclusions: Eczema was the most common palmoplantar disorder followed by psoriasis. Diagnosis of palmoplantar dermatoses is important at the earliest for appropriate management which helps in improving the patient’s quality of life.

 
Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review
Authors: Rao Nishitha Gopal , Jing Hai Xia , Kabir Ahmed Raihan , Surthi Rohit
Published: October 2021

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a mast cell-driven skin disease characterized by the recurrence of transient wheals, angioedema or both lasting for more than 6 weeks duration. Omalizumab is a newer humanized anti IgE immunoglobulin along with many new antibody treatments has shown beneficial effect in treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Although many randomized clinical trials have been conducted, as of now, the effectiveness of omalizumab in the real world management of CSU is largely unknown. A systematic review of all studies should be done. The objective was to study the efficacy and safety of different doses of omalizumab in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria which was refractory to treatment with H1 antihistamines. Suitable studies were recognized after searching Wiley online library, PubMed, Google scholar, NEJM/NEJ dermatology, JAAD, JACI, clinicaltrials.gov. Only randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials with omalizumab versus antihistamine or leukotriene antagonists as placebo were involved in this study. 10 randomized, placebo-controlled studies were involved with 1692 patients with CSU. Patients treated with omalizumab (75-600 mg every 4 weeks) had reduced UAS7 score, improved QoL (quality of life), reduced WISS, when compared to the placebo group. The effects of omalizumab were found to be dose dependent, with maximum reduction in UAS7 at a dose of 300 mg when given at an interval of 4 weeks’ duration. The incidences of adverse events were almost similar in both control and placebo groups and across various dose ranges. The best effect in reduction of clinical symptoms and QoL in CSU patients was found at a dose of 300 mg subcutaneous injection once a month of omalizumab for 12 to 24 weeks. Omalizumab was found to reduce the clinical symptoms and signs in patients with CSU who were symptomatic despite treatment with upscaling dose of H1 antihistamines.
Contribuições da plataforma foco aprendizagem no ensino de Língua Portuguesa
Authors: Silva Dayane Martin , Aparício Ana Sílvia Moço
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho investigou contribuições da Plataforma Foco Aprendizagem ao trabalho do professor de Língua Portuguesa e ao melhor desempenho dos alunos nas habilidades previstas pela Matriz de Avaliação Processual, implantada em 2016. O estudo é intervencionista, conduzido na própria prática do pesquisador/professor. O referencial teórico baseia-se na concepção dialógica da língua, de Bakhtin, e nas abordagens de ensino de gêneros textuais do Grupo de Didática de Línguas de Genebra. Os dados foram obtidos em turmas de 6º ano de uma escola da Grande São Paulo. Os resultados evidenciam que o uso da plataforma contribuiu para o melhor desempenho dos alunos em todas as habilidades previstas, bem como para o trabalho do professor na realização de diagnósticos e intervenções mais individualizadas.
A glimpse of dietary recommendations for undernutrition children below five years of age in West Bengal
Authors: Banerjee Swapan
Published: October 2021

Undernutrition is one of the significant public health issues for developing countries like India. Although a decreasing rate still needs to concentrate more on the stunting and waste cases of under-five children living in every district in India. This short review study has mainly focused on West Bengal’s children under five years of age residing in rural and urban areas with various undernutrition issues. The study’s aim and objective are to assess the current status of undernutrition among children in India, precisely West Bengal. The open-access data from Unicef on stunting estimation and National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5) data on key indicators for West Bengal were computed and analyzed as per available information. In addition, the nutrients data from Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were also selected as per the requirements of 0-5 years of Indian children. Apart from basic level analysis, the dietary recommendations were also emphasized for the parents and stakeholders related to government and private community nutrition works. Moreover, the study shows a glimpse of undernutrition status and dietary recommendations for the below five years of children in rural and urban settings to make children nutritious.
Effects of aquatic therapy on the physiological knee varus deformity and osteoarthritis through radiographic findings in post menopausal obese women- A case report
Authors: Kamble Pooja , Mange Yojana Navneet , Dave Binal
Published: October 2021

Obesity is strongly linked to osteoarthritis (OA) at the knee. Varus malalignment intensifies the effect of excess body weight on the medial tibio femoral compartment. Aquatic therapies are beneficial in the management of patients with musculoskeletal problems, however management specific of osteoarthritis has shown to be effective in reducing Pain, Stiffness and has a high compliance of the patient to the Therapy. Aquatic exercises seems to offer the safest and most protective environment for obese individuals due to the buoyancy effects of immersion, which minimizes the risk of joint injury. Although Aquatic therapy is widely used all over the world, literature on the correcting Physiological knee Varus in Indian population is lacking. This case report is first from India (Mumbai) which shows the beneficial effects of Aquatic therapy on Obese female with OA knee, correction of the physiological Varus and its evidence on a Visual radiographic increased in joint space in knee varus deformity with reduction in Pain and improving her gait pattern & her quality of life.
How Digitalization can Transform Health, Education and Work as Latin America and the Caribbean Emerge from the Pandemic
Authors: Cabrol Marcelo , Pombo Cristina
Published: October 2021

Like other historic disruptions, the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered chain-reactions in innovation, adaptation, and rapid behavioral change. The Latin American and Caribbean Region is no exception. The COVID-19 crisis has exposed a vast, pent-up demand for improvements in the quality, convenience, and cost of basic public services. While the ongoing human and economic toll of the pandemic has overshadowed the potential for dramatic and lasting gains in areas such as health, education, and remote work, it is not too early to ask how these gains might be retained and reinforced. This report highlights opportunities in telemedicine, tele-education, and telework the three areas we think are best positioned to achieve a profound digital transformation in the near-term. For each area, we offer a summary of the status quo, examples of early movers and innovators, and key questions regarding policy actions that can accelerate current trends.
TGF-β2-induced NEAT1 regulates lens epithelial cell proliferation, migration and EMT by the miR-26a-5p/FANCE axis
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China, Yu Xiao-Hui , Li Cheng-Fang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
Published: October 2021

AIM: To explore the regulatory mechanism of nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) in the pathogenesis of posterior capsule opacification (PCO).
METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was executed to analyze NEAT1 and microRNA (miR)-26a-5p expression in transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2)-disposed lens epithelial cells (LECs). The proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and migration of TGF-β2-disposed LECs were evaluated. The relationship between NEAT1 or fanconi anemia (FA) complementation group E (FANCE) and miR-26a-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay.
RESULTS: TGF-β2 induced NEAT1 expression in LECs. NEAT1 inhibition accelerated apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, decreased proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and migration of TGF-β2-disposed LECs. NEAT1 sponged miR-26a-5p to further regulate FANCE expression. Rescue experiments presented that miR-26a-5p downregulation overturned NEAT1 silencing-mediated impacts on TGF-β2-disposed LEC biological behaviors. Additionally, FANCE overexpression reversed miR-26a-5p mimic-mediated impacts on TGF-β2-disposed LEC biological behaviors.
CONCLUSION: TGF-β2-induced NEAT1 facilitates LEC proliferation, migration, and EMT by upregulating FANCE via sequestering miR-26a-5p.
Introduction of longstanding complicated sulcus intraocular lens into the intact capsular bag
Authors:   Watany Research and Development Center, Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo 11799, Egypt, Morkos Fathy Fawzy , Bahrawy Mohamed El ,   Watany Research and Development Center, Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo 11799, Egypt, Elkitkat Rania Serag ,   Watany Research and Development Center, Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo 11799, Egypt; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11799, Egypt
Published: October 2021

AIM: To propose a surgical technique that successfully reopened the empty and intact capsular bag after long periods of closure, with repositioning of the intraocular lens (IOL) from the ciliary sulcus into its preferred habitat inside the capsular bag.
METHODS: This is a case series, prospective, and interventional study. The technique was first performed on an aphakic high myope with a closed posterior capsule for 18y. Afterwards, five patients with recurrently displaced sulcus IOLs for a range of 1mo to 7y were performed for the same technique. During surgery, identifying a “telltale white line” was an important landmark for detecting the site of major adhesions between the edge of the capsulorhexis and the posterior capsule. These adhesions were freed using combined manual and viscoelastic dissection, followed by an easier freeing of adhesions along the whole capsular bag. The IOL was safely implanted, exchanged, or introduced from the sulcus into the fibrotic and closed capsular bag. Patients were followed up for a period ranging from 6 to 17mo postoperatively.
RESULTS: All the patients experienced a remarkable improvement in their subjective refraction. Slit lamp examination showed a postoperative centralized IOL in the bag. The follow up visits confirmed visual and IOL stability.
CONCLUSION: This newly-introduced surgical technique facilitates the reopening of the empty yet intact capsular bag that has been closed by fibrotic proliferations, with secured implantation of the IOL inside the capsular bag. Patients with inadvertent implantation of IOLs into the ciliary sulcus, yet having an intact capsular bag, can benefit from this technique.
Divorcio incausado: una urgente actualización normativa
Authors: Núñez Dávila Sergio
Published: October 2021

Desde sus orígenes en el Ecuador, la figura civil del divorcio se rige por un sistema causalista. Para que el juez pueda declarar la disolución del vínculo matrimonial, es preciso que se verifiquen —y se prueben— una serie de elementos fácticos prescritos en la ley. Como es lógico, estos requisitos legales dificultan la libre terminación del vínculo y reducen el problema a uno de carácter probatorio. Sin embargo, este sistema fue introducido en el Ecuador hace ya más de cien años. Actualmente, el divorcio por causales resulta incompatible con un Estado en el que prima la libertad y la autonomía de la voluntad de sus ciudadanos. La libertad para decidir quién ser. El presente trabajo propone la mejor vía de escape para este anticuado régimen: un divorcio incausado y unilateral. No se requiere más que la voluntad de uno de los cónyuges, independientemente de las razones personales que lo motivaron a tomar esa decisión. Nada tendrá que ser probado ni justificado, pues el Estado no es acreedor de explicaciones tan íntimas. Su rol no consiste en decidir sobre la vida privada de las personas. Por el contrario, el Estado debe protegerlas para que, por sí mismas, tengan la libertad para decidir qué es lo que mejor les conviene. El divorcio incausado, por lo tanto, es respetuoso con el derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad, a la intimidad y armonía familiar, además de valorar, por sobre todo, la autonomía de las personas. Es necesario introducirlo en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano para, por fin, dotar del elemento libertad a su régimen matrimonial.
Historyczność i normatywność sfery publicznej Habermasa
Authors: Hułas Maciej
Published: October 2021

This paper explores historicity and normativity of J. Habermas’s conception of the public sphere. Historicity refers to empirical circumstances in which the public sphere came into being; normativity makes it an organizational and regulative principle of modern political order. In Habermas’s theory historicity intertwines with normativity, and in this combination are to be found references to both: (1) empirical facts and (2) emancipative aspirations and moral obligations. Due to its function to mobilize the strivings of ordinary people who seek to escape the colonizing effects authoritarian powers (absolutist state and the world of systems) produce, the public sphere (Öffentlichkeit) is regarded as a synonym for morally justified claims. Its historicity is related to the semi-institutional structures of an early European bourgeoisie; its normativity is rooted in universal morality: individual freedoms (Menschenrechte) and popular sovereignty (Volkssouveränität). Since both dispositions are represented in a model fashion in the bourgeois ethos, Habermas finds in it a repository of that universal sound reason whose new forms he strives to reinstate as a remedy for political inertia in developed capitalism. His notion of the public sphere meticulously underpinned by universal morality retains its normative sense in the modern world of systems and in the democratic state. By organizing the arena for civic communication, the public sphere serves as an indispensable instrument in a democratic legislation crafting process.
Sikap dan Tingkat Kepuasan Petani akan Introduksi Varietas Unggul Baru Padi Gogo
Authors: Chanifah Chanifah , Sahara Dewi , Hartoyo Budi
Published: October 2021

The development of rice irrigated farming is constrained by the conversion of land agricultural to non-agricultural. Therefore, policy to develop upland rice production in dryland and rainfed lowland is increasingly being implemented. Efforts to expand the application of technological innovations as a lever of upland rice production have intensified by introducing new superior varieties of upland rice. This research aims to analyze farmers' attitudes and satisfaction levels with introducing upland rice to attributes based. The location of this research is in Tegalgiri Village, Nogosari District, Boyolali Regency. Primary data were obtained through a survey method of 35 farmers who planted the Rindang 1, Rindang 2, Inpago 10, and Inpago 12 varieties. Farmer attitudes were analyzed using the Fishbein Multi-attribute Model, while farmer satisfaction level was analyzed using the customer satisfaction index (CSI). The results are the attributes "production" and "resistance to pests and diseases" were agronomic performance which was the most essential and primary consideration for farmers in choosing varieties. Farmers have a positive attitude towards the four new superior varieties. The meaning is that farmers want to adopt and plant the new superior varieties of upland rice. Farmers' satisfaction levels are in the "satisfied" to "very satisfied" category of the four new superior varieties. Hopefully, the new superior upland rice varieties that were introduced can be a choice of varieties by farmers.

 

Keywords: atributtes, farmer’s attitude, satisfaction level, upland rice, superior varieties
The 16S rRNA Analysis and Enzyme Screening of Bacillus from Rhizosphere Soil of Lombok Island
Authors: Sulistiyani Tri Ratna , Kusmiati Mia , Putri Gita Azizah
Published: October 2021

Bacillus are commonly found in nature, especially in soil and food. It has the ability to produce bioactive compounds as well as the enzyme. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, and screen their enzyme activities. Four soil samples from Mandalika, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), were used for isolation. Bacillus was isolated using the heat-shock method and characterized through Gram staining, endospore staining, and morphological phenotype. Bacillus identification was conducted based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The hydrolytic enzyme activities were checked qualitatively using selective media, and the enzyme tested including amylase, galactosidase, lipase, protease, and cellulase. As many as twenty-two bacteria isolates were obtained from four soil samples and represented 15 distinct species. The member of bacteria genera successfully identified, consisted of Bacillus sp., Brevibacillus sp., and Fictibacillus sp. Bacillus sp. was the most isolated. Some of the isolated bacteria have the ability to produce lipase, protease, and cellulase that potential to be used in biotechnology processes.

 

Keywords: Bacillus, hydrolytic enzymes, identification, screening
Health Programs as Social Programs: Navigating Difficult Healthcare Policy Decisions
Authors: Seshadri Samuel Kris Case
Published: October 2021

Apart from public health and preventive medicine campaigns, a health authority funds healthcare programs primarily for the purpose of immediately improving clinical patient out­ comes. For individual health treatments, funding decisions by Canadian provincial govern­ ments incorporate some equivalent of a cost­benefit calculation,such as the cost­effectiveness analysis (CEA). This research is important to health policy makers because it considers the effects of expanding a CEA to analyze societal impacts that are already of importance to the government when the appropriateness or accuracy of the cost­benefit calculation is unclear. I use the example of in vitro fertilization funding programs to demonstrate the argument that health programs may also address other relevant issues related to the social determinants of health.