bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility of F1, F2 and BC1 progenies of Iris dichotoma and I. domestica
Authors: Xu Wenji , Luo Gangjun , Lian Xiaoyin , Yu Fengyang , Zheng Yang , Lei Jiajun , Bi Xiaoying
Published: May 2021

Pollen characteristics are very important for Iris interspecific hybridisation. In this study, the pollen viability and male meiosis were studied in yellow-flowered Iris dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrids F1, F2 and BC1 (BC1-Y and BC1-S). The BC1-Y hybrids showed higher pollen viability than that of F1, F2 and BC1-S hybrids, which were between I. dichotoma (26.1%) and I. domestica (35.1%). Two sterile hybrids, F2-1 and BC1-S-1, exhibited more meiotic abnormalities (57.3% and 58.7%) than other individuals. During the first meiotic division, a diffuse diplotene stage was observed for the first time in the genus Iris. The meiotic abnormalities included non-congressed chromosomes, chromosome bridges, lagging chromosomes, unequal division, abnormally oriented spindle fibres, nonsynchronous division and polyad, and resulted in reduced pollen fertility. The relatively high frequency of 2n pollen grains was found in hybrids of BC1-Y-2, BC1-Y-1, BC1-S-2, BC1-S-3 and BC1-S-4. Our research provides a new resource for meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility of the genus Iris.
Построение модели управления с ограничениями в микроэкономических системах
Authors:   Черняев А. П., Сухорукова И. В., Фомин Г. П., Меерсон А. Ю.
Published: May 2021

В микроэкономике практически часто встречаются задачи, в которых имеются ограничения на множество допустимых состояний экономической системы. Особенно это актуально в экономических задачах, где часто накладываются ограничения на неотрицательность фазовых переменных, например, связанных с объёмом выпуска продукции или величины производственной мощности предприятия. Эти ограничения задаются требованием, чтобы рассматриваемые траектории не покидали некоторой заданной области пространства существования управления. Чаще всего эти ограничения для всех моментов времени задают в виде неравенства, и накладываются определённые требования к функции фазовых координат, их значению объекта в заданный момент времени. Данная задача классифицируется как задача оптимального управления со смешанными и фазовыми ограничениями. Несомненно, эта сфера представляет научный интерес и достойна исследования. В данном случае рассматривается микроэкономическая модель экономики домашнего хозяйства как наиболее устойчивого объекта в условиях кризисов. На накопленные сбережения накладывается естественное фазовое ограничение неотрицательности. Это привело к изучению особенностей микроэкономической формулировки проблемы поиска метода оптимального разделения материальных средств на потребляемую и накапливаемую части, поскольку всё значительно усложняется наложением естественного фазового ограничения неотрицательности накопленных сбережений. Так же, как и в макроэкономике оптимизируется потребление, но не в чистом виде, а максимизируется интегральная дисконтированная полезность потребления. Уравнение связи в рассматриваемой работе отличается от аналогичного макроэкономического уравнения, поскольку домашнее хозяйство существует и выживает в кризисных условиях не так, как это делают масштабные социальные организмы и крупные предприятия. Именно поэтому в работе формулируются и доказываются достаточные условия для решения постав-ленной задачи с фазовым ограничением.
Ключевые слова: оптимальное потребление, накопленные сбережения, фазовое ограничение, индикаторная функция, микроэкономическая модель, экономика домашнего хозяйства, интегральная дисконтированная полезность потребления, уравнение связи, минимизирующая последовательность траекторий, балансовое тождество, вариационный метод, задача Коши, штрафная функция, доход, инвестиции, процент по наличным деньгам, функция полезности, коэффициент дисконтирования, приращение функционала, уравнение Эйлера, задача с закрепленными концами, полезность, устойчивость, материальные средства.
ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ ИННОВАЦИЙ
Authors: Сысоева М. С.
Published: May 2021

В статье представлен отечественный и зарубежный опыт выстраивания эффективной инновационной деятельности. Кризис 2020 г. изменил привычный уклад мироустройства. Кризис, начавшийся в здравоохранении в Китае, привёл к глобальному пересмотру существования всех сфер жизнедеятельности во всех странах мира. Разворачивающийся в настоящее время экономический кризис резко сократил расходы на исследования и инновации в компаниях, в то время как обременённые долгами правительства столкнулись с многочисленными конкурирующими потребностями в финансовой поддержке. Однако, как показывает история, после каждого кризиса начинается новый виток развития, который, как правило, связан с прорывными технологиями и внедрением эффективных инноваций. Рассмотрены основные источники финансирования НИОКР. Внедрение и использование эффективных инноваций в разных странах происходит по-разному и зависит от заинтересованности самого государства в данных инновациях, что выражается в инвестициях в инновационную деятельность. Выделены отличия построения инновационной деятельности в Российской Федерации и развитых странах. В Российской Федерации наблюдается отличие по соотношению источников финансирования. Развитые страны тратят миллиарды долларов на поддержку прорывных технологий, которые в последующем внедряются в их хозяйственную практику. Это позволяет экономикам этих государств оставаться конкурентоспособными. За счёт повышения производительности труда удаётся нивелировать недостатки, такие как отсутствие собственных природных ресурсов, небольшие территориальные размеры и рост числа стареющего населения. Несмотря на то, что в структуре валовых внутренних расходов на НИОКР по источникам финансирования в развитых странах основную часть занимают коммерческие предприятия, роль государства заключается не только в финансировании. Государству для улучшения своих позиций в мировом инновационном пространстве необходимо привести в соответствие статистические показатели к показателям международных организаций; эффективнее использовать государственно-частное партнёрство с целью привлечения частного капитала в финансирование инноваций и снижения оттока научных кадров; расширять налоговые и кредитные льготы для деятельности предприятий в сфере инноваций; формировать эффективную инфраструктуру для осуществления инноваций; развивать человеческий капитал посредством культурного просвещения нации.
Ключевые слова: эффективные инновации, источники финансирования, наукоёмкая продукция, государственно-частное партнёрство, научно-исследовательские и опытно-конструкторские работы (НИОКР), развитые страны, образование, глобальный инновационный индекс, человеческий капитал, инновационная среда.
ОБСТАНОВКА КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ
Authors: Васильева М. А.
Published: May 2021

Статья посвящена анализу одного из элементов криминалистической характеристики экологических преступлений – обстановке преступления. Предложено авторское определение этой категории в широком методологическом смысле, а также в более узком – криминалистическом. Автор, с учётом предложенной им классификации экологических преступлений, раскрывает содержание обстановки экологических преступлений применительно к одной из двух обозначенных им групп таких преступлений. К структуре обстановки экологических преступлений, связанных с изъятием природных ресурсов, отнесена характеристика места и времени добычи природных ресурсов, характеристика других обстоятельств совершения преступления, приводятся особенности обстановки с учётом данных элементов. В статье обращается внимание на то, что по экологическим преступлениям рассматриваемой группы криминалистическое значение может иметь не только обстановка совершения преступления, но и обстановка преступления в целом, включая обстановку, относящуюся к действиям по подготовке к преступлению, сокрытию его следов и следов преступника. Особое внимание уделено роли знаний следователя о типичной обстановке экологического преступления и возможностей реализации этих знаний при раскрытии и расследовании преступлений рассматриваемой категории.
Ключевые слова: экологическое преступление, природные ресурсы, обстановка преступления, расследование преступления, методика расследования преступлений, незаконная добыча природных ресурсов, место преступления, время преступления, погодные условия, криминалистическая характеристика преступления.
The Quality of Farmland Protection in Canada: An Evaluation of the Strength of Provincial Legislative Frameworks
Authors: Connell David J.
Published: May 2021

Continuous efforts by governments to protect agricultural land has resulted in a mix of interests, policies, and outcomes. Through this paper, our aims are to evaluate provincial legislative frameworks across Canada and to improve our understanding of why some provincial legislative frameworks to protect agricultural land are better than others. In our study, we evaluated and compared the strength of ten provincial legislative frameworks for agricultural land use planning. Our results show that Québec, British Columbia, and Ontario have the strongest legislative frameworks to protect agricultural land, while the rest of Canada’s provinces have only a moderate to weak policy focus. This situation leaves most of Canada’s agricultural land highly exposed to more conversion and non-farm uses. The results also illustrate how key elements of a legislative framework interact, serving to either enhance or detract from overall strength of policy focus, thereby informing a strategic approach to policy development.
Structural-semantic analysis of the English metaphors in road, aviation, and maritime terminology
Authors: Grubin Il'ya Valentinovich , Dmitrieva Elizaveta Igorevna , Ishaeva Ol'ga Viktorovna , Petrenko Tamila Vladimirovna
Published: May 2021

The goal of this article consists in the analysis of metaphors pertaining to transport in the English language on the example of road, aviation, and maritime terminology. According to the authors, metaphor is the use of words and phrases in a figurative sense based on similarity or analogy. It is established that transport terminology contains a wide variety of terms that are formed with the use of metaphors. The subject of this research is metaphors in the scientific-technical text. The object is metaphors in transport terminology. The relevance of this article is substantiated by the fact that despite sufficient coverage of private terminological systems of specific types of transport, there are very few comprehensive and comparative works. In the course of research, the author determines a new statistical indicator – the index of metaphoricity of terminological system, as well as describes the key semantic and structural peculiarities of the terms-metaphors of different branches of transport. The analysis of language material allows determining that most of the terms formed with the use of metaphors are attributed to metaphors based on associations with the elements of human body and animal kingdom. From structural perspective, it is established that terminological combinations are widely represented among the terms-metaphors of all terminological systems that were subjected to analysis, while simple terms – in the terminological systems of road and aviation transport.
Influence of Business on State Policy within the Framework of Constitutional Economics
Authors: Prykhodko Olena
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, one of the key issues is the problem of interaction between the state and non-state actors in the context of constitutional economics. The 2020 Coronacrisis has not only revealed the need for a more in-depth analysis of the whole spectrum of this problem – conflict and overlap of interests, competition and partnership of the parties – but also raised the importance of the scientific debate to a new level. The purpose of this article is to study the importance of how enterprises can influence a government’s economic policy, including the limits of state interference in the implementation of its current activities in the light of the fundamental constitutional and legal provisions. The role of entrepreneurship and the influence that non-state economic actors exert on the economic policy of the state is increasing in contemporary conditions. The creation of a mutually beneficial format of interaction between the state and business, which is necessary to maintain the competitiveness of both, necessitates a rethinking of the basic constitutional principles upon which the economic model of the state is based. Under such circumstances, constitutional economics acts not only as a scientific study of existing models, but also assumes the important mission of implementing the objectively formed request to review the basic constitutional economic principles, which were established almost 100 years ago and do not always correspond to the current reality and challenges.
O conceito de “letramento” como fonte de equívocos e erros conceituais em alfabetização
Authors: Oliveira João Batista Araujo e , Caldeira Pedro Zany
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, os autores exploram os equívocos e os erros conceituais que sistematicamente baseiam o discurso e as narrativas das políticas públicas e das propostas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no Brasil relacionadas à alfabetização com base no conceito de letramento. São identificadas duas fontes de equívocos e erros conceituais em alfabetização no Brasil e no mundo. A primeira é a “Whole Language”, desenvolvida por Kenneth Goodman e explorada para efeitos de alfabetização por Frank Smith, e a segunda é a abordagem socioconstrutivista proposta por Emília Ferreiro para a aprendizagem da linguagem escrita. Essas fontes de equívocos e erros conceituais foram identificadas com especial vigor por Marilyn Adams em 1990 e definitivamente desmontadas pelo National Reading Panel em 2000. Contudo, a formação de professores alfabetizadores continuou a privilegiar essas abordagens, com profundas consequências nos níveis de alfabetização dos alunos. A situação é mais séria no Brasil, pois os documentos oficiais durante décadas propuseram processos de alfabetização sem base em qualquer evidência científica, abusando claramente da linguagem. No Brasil, os conceitos equivocados sobre o que é Aprender a Ler e Ler para Aprender, o impacto da aprendizagem mecânica nos processos de aprender a ler e escrever e a quase completa ausência de consideração das estruturas neuro-anatômicas nos processos de alfabetização impuseram metodologias de alfabetização também elas equivocadas que dificultam a aprendizagem das “primeiras letras”. Estudos em neurociências esclarecem que os métodos fônicos são os únicos que proporcionam bons processos de alfabetização, ao estimularem as áreas cerebrais especializadas no processamento da linguagem lida e escrita.
Determinantes prosódicos em mudança sintática
Authors: Kato Mary Aizawa , Duarte Maria Eugenia Lammoglia
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho relata uma trajetória de estudos das presentes autoras sobre a mudança no Português Brasileiro (PB), no que diz respeito ao Parâmetro do Sujeito Nulo. Na fase em que esse Parâmetro incluía a inversão livre como uma de suas propriedades, verificou-se que a inversão românica, ou inversão do predicado no PB, era uma regra prosódica,  aparentemente independente da perda parcial do sujeito nulo. Verificou-se que, embora a inversão tenha passado a ser restrita no PB, um elemento dêitico ou locativo pré-verbal favorecia a inversão. Além disso, assumindo o sujeito nulo referencial como resultante de elipse do pronome, verificou-se que o apagamento era favorecido quando o verbo era precedido de algum elemento leve. Propomos aqui, então, que a ocorrência parcial do sujeito nulo no PB pode ter a ver com uma demanda prosódica parcial, de rejeição a um padrão prosódico sentencial V1, demanda essa não existente no século XIX. Nossa proposta é que, na interface com PF, as línguas têm filtros em relação ao seu ritmo. Para dar conta da preferência de certas formas nesse estágio da mudança, em curso no PB, uma condição do tipo “Evite V1” está sendo proposta.
A gramática no corpo
Authors: Freitag Raquel Meister Ko. , Cruz Regina Célia Fernandes , Nascimento Thiago da Cunha
Published: May 2021

Neste ensaio defendemos que recursos corporificados apresentam propriedades que são características da gramática da língua, tais como a regularidade sistemática, a variação e a apreciação social. Apresentamos resultados de estudos recentes no português brasileiro que e evidenciam o funcionamento gramatical dos recursos corporificados: como as informações corporais em ações metacomunicativas instanciadas em conceptualizações culturais em uma conversa intercultural atuam na construção dos sentidos (NASCIMENTO, 2020), a sistematicidade e a variabilidade de gestos emblemáticos no português brasileiro (OLIVEIRA, 2020) e as pistas de processamento da variação linguística advindas de expressões faciais (FREITAG et al., 2020). Destacamos a necessidade de mudança nos procedimentos metodológicos tradicionalmente adotados na descrição linguística assumindo uma concepção de funções da língua mais próximas da proposta pioneira de Bühler (2011[1934]), que incorpora as expressões humanas no domínio da expressão linguística.
Manejo de resíduos da insulinoterapia produzidos no domicílio por indivíduos com diabetes mellitus no contexto da atenção básica à saúde
Authors: Freitas Taysa Cristina Cardoso , Nascimento Mariana Stefany Cardoso , Almeida Sibelle Gonçalves de , Costa Brunna Thaís , Carvalho Thamires Dias de , Correia Andreia , Quadros Joice Fernanda Costa , Silva Helio Alves da , Rodrigues Gizele Freitas , Barbosa Richard Rennan Soares
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer como ocorre o manejo de resíduos da insulinoterapia produzidos no domicílio de indivíduos com diabetes mellitus no contexto da atenção básica à saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura a partir das bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), foram utilizados os descritores “diabetes mellitus”, “insulina” e “gerenciamento de resíduos” para guiar a busca. Resultados: Não foram encontradas iniciativas e programas instituídos de educação em saúde para o gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos gerados pelos usuários insulinodependentes, sendo também a temática pouco explorada na literatura. Considerações finais: Os resultados obtidos na presente investigação evidenciam que não há manejo correto de resíduos da insulinoterapia produzidos pelos indivíduos com diabetes mellitus no contexto dos serviços de atenção básica à saúde de forma geral, sendo as ações realizadas de forma pontual e assistemática.
O brincar como recurso terapêutico ocupacional no tratamento de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral
Authors: Ferreira Ana Clara Fragallo , Sales Emilly Oliveira , Ribeiro Ana Paula Corrêa , Tavares Flávio Roberto Pereira , Montenegro Karina Saunders
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica dos terapeutas ocupacionais no Brasil sobre os benefícios do brincar como recurso no tratamento de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral (PC). Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica integrativa, de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, do tipo descritivo e exploratório, para adquirir conhecimento a respeito da ludicidade como recurso terapêutico para crianças com PC. Resultados: Observa-se que todos os artigos encontrados foram estudos de caso, nos quais foram identificados benefícios do brincar para crianças com PC, dentre eles o aperfeiçoamento de capacidades motoras, a possibilidade de relações sociais e de uma forma de expressão. Considerações finais: Compreende-se o brincar como um vantajoso objetivo terapêutico e recurso para a minimização dos efeitos da PC, o qual apresenta efeitos positivos no processo de aprendizagem e no aperfeiçoamento de habilidades motoras, de raciocínio e informações sensoriais. Também destaca-se um baixo número de artigos sobre esta temática, tendo em vista sua importância, e logo, a necessidade de novos estudos.
COVID-19 Associated Onychomadesis
Authors: Liu Jesse , Veenstra Jesse
Published: May 2021

Abstract not available.
Rare Presentation of Concomitant Alopecia Areata and Vitiligo in a Teenager
Authors: Jimenez Antonio Roberto , Hoyer Paige , Ross Lindy
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo are two chronic, autoimmune skin diseases. While these two conditions are common, their co-existence is rare.

Case Presentation: A 13-year-old Caucasian female presented to the dermatology clinic with a 1-2-month history of hair loss on her occipital scalp. The patient was diagnosed with AA and prescribed topical mometasone 1% lotion twice daily and pulse-dose prednisolone solution 12 mL 1 day per month for 3 months. At her 3-month follow-up, the patient reported new-onset hair depigmentation. On physical examination, the patient’s occipital scalp and right eyelash demonstrated a depigmented patch of hair, concerning for vitiligo. The patient was diagnosed with concomitant disease and topical tofacitinib was added to her treatment regimen.

Discussion/Conclusion: The colocalization of AA and vitiligo is rare, and the presentation suggests an underlying pathogenic link between the two skin diseases. While the definitive immunologic pathway remains unknown, researchers have narrowed down inflammatory markers involved in the development of both conditions, including CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, interferon gamma (IFN-ɣ), and IFN-ɣ-induced chemokines. We present a 13-year-old female patient who presented to the clinic with scalp alopecia and later developed overlying scalp and eyelash vitiligo. The rare nature of the patient’s presentation makes concomitant disease a therapeutic challenge and can impose significant psychological distress to a pediatric patient.
Apremilast as an Off-Label Therapeutic Agent
Authors: Marson Justin , Lebwohl Mark
Published: May 2021

Objective: To review the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of off-label use of apremilast in combination therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and for other currently off-label inflammatory dermatoses.
Methods: The Medline database was queried for all relevant articles published between 2014 and 2021 using exploded MeSH terms and keywords pertaining to the following themes: off-label, combination therapy, biologics, biologic therapy, methotrexate, and systemic psoriasis therapy. The Boolean term “AND” was used to find the intersection of these themes with the term “apremilast.”
Results: 8 case series and 6 case reports investigated the use of apremilast in combination therapy for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Addition of apremilast improved PASI scores by 31.8-77.4% among case series and 80-100% among case reports with adverse effects primarily consisting of gastrointestinal symptoms. 5 randomized-control trials (RCT), 9 open-label trials, 18 case series, and 30 case reports investigated the use of apremilast for off-label dermatoses. In RCTs, apremilast showed potential efficacy for atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Open-label trials found apremilast efficacious for atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, chronic pruritus, cutaneous sarcoidosis, discoid lupus erythematosus, hidradenitis suppurativa, lichen planus, prurigo nodularis, rosacea, and vitiligo.
Limitations: Small sample size and short follow duration up for available randomized-control and open-label trials. Current data from case series/reports potentially limits generalizability of findings.
Conclusion: Apremilast's safety profile makes it a potential efficacious, non-biologic systemic agent for monotherapy and combination therapy for a wide range of inflammatory dermatoses.
Utility of the spinal instability neoplastic score to identify patients with Gorham-Stout disease requiring spine surgery
Authors: Gui Chloe , Rocos Brett , Lohkamp Laura-Nanna , Cheung Angela , Bleakney Robert , Massicotte Eric
Published: May 2021

Background:

Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare syndrome presenting with progressive osteolysis which in the spine can lead to cord injury, instability, and deformity. Here, the early spine surgery may prevent catastrophic outcomes.

Case Description:

A 25-year-old male with GSD involving the T2 to T6 levels presented with acute traumatic kyphoscoliosis at T3 and T4 and left lower extremity paraparesis. The CT scan 4 weeks before this showed progressing osteolysis versus the CT 5 years ago. Unfortunately, the patient underwent delayed treatment resulting in permanent neurological sequelae. Surgery included a laminectomy and vertebrectomy of T3/T4 with instrumented fusion from T1-10. The use of the spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) is a useful tool to prompt early referral to spine surgeons.

Conclusion:

We recommend using the SINS score in GSD patients who develop spinal lesions to prompt early referral for consideration of surgery.
Mutfak Çalışanlarının Yaratıcılık Algı Düzeyleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: OĞAN Yener
Published: May 2021

Düşünce ve hayal gücünden yararlanarak yeni bir ürün ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan yaratıcılık kavramı, çalışma ortamında yenilikçi bir anlayışın gelişmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu yenilikçi anlayışın gelişmesinde yiyecek içecek hizmetleri alanındaki mutfak çalışanlarının yaratıcılık düzeyleri, sunulan mal ve hizmetlerin özelliklerinden kaynaklanan bir gereklilik olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu sebeple araştırmanın amacını yiyecek içecek hizmetleri alanında görevli mutfak çalışanlarının yaratıcılık algı düzeylerinin demografik faktörler açısından incelenmek oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye'de yiyecek ve içecek hizmetleri alanında çalışan mutfak çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında çeşitli pozisyonlarda görevli 400 mutfak çalışanına anket formu yardımıyla elde edilen veriler ile ilgili yüzde, frekans, standart sapma, ortalama değerlere yer verilmektedir. Daha sonra çalışanlarının cinsiyet, yaş aralığı, eğitim seviyesi, mesleki deneyim, yiyecek içecek işletmesi türü, çalıştığı pozisyon ve pozisyondaki çalışma süresi değişkenleri ile ilgili bağımsız örneklem t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova) sonuçları yer almaktadır. Araştırmada mutfak çalışanlarının yaratıcılık algı düzeyinin yüksek seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mutfak çalışanlarında yaratıcılık algı düzeyinin cinsiyet, yaş aralığı, eğitim seviyesi, mesleki deneyim, yiyecek içecek işletmesi türü, çalıştığı pozisyon ve çalışma süresi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırma kapsamında bazı önerilere yer verilmekte olup, araştırmanın hem alan yazına hem de diğer araştırmacılara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of a Novel Pan-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonist, MBT1805, in db/db Mices
Authors:   Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, C Wang , X Jin ,   International Center for Liver Disease Treatment, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, Q Jin ,   Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, Y Shi ,   Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, J Niu ,   Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, B Zhong ,   Beijing JK HuaYuan Med Tech Company LTD, Beijing, China
Published: May 2021

Background: MBT1805 is a novel pan-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonist. Materials and Methods: In vitro, transfection and luciferase assays tested EC50 values of MBT1805. In vivo, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of MBT1805 were observed in db/db mice compared with Rosiglitazone. Results: In vitro, MBT1805 activates human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ with EC50 values of 8.46μM, 11.94μM, 11.15μM, respectively. Results showed that the bodyweight of db/db mice treated with MBT1805 was not changed. By contrast, Rosiglitazone-treated mice showed significant weight gain (p<0.05). MTB1805 decreased blood glucose level without causing noticeable hepatocytes damage. Conclusion: The novel balanced pan-PPAR agonist, MBT1805 has moderate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, and does not cause weight gain, hepatocyte damage and hepatic lipid deposition. These experimental results indicate that MBT1805 is safe in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Exchange Functionals and Basis Set Comparisons for Theoretical Studies of ZnO Nonoclusters
Authors: Perera Duwage , Rasaiah jayendran
Published: May 2021

Catalysts made of nano-scaled metal oxide clusters can push the limits of chemical reactions in the manufacture of paints, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The ZnO clusters can also act as semiconductors with a wide band gap of 3.4 eV at 300 K, and are prospective phoocatalysts in many reactions including H2 production in water splitting reactions. In this project, we studied the structural (geometry) and electronic properties (vertical detachment energy and electron affinity) of ZnO monomers and dimers that form model ZnO clusters, using density functional theory (DFT) with many different exchange functionals and 29 basis sets to optimize their choice. We compared the singlet-triplet energy gaps of small ZnO clusters to find the optimal ZnO cluster size and the best theoretical method to investigate their photocatalytic water splitting activity. Our results show that B3LYP/DGDZVP2 level of exchange functional/basis set theory is the most efficient and fastest of the ones considered. Comparison of the singlet-triplet energy gaps shows that the trimer (ZnO)3, with an energy gap of 58.66 k cal/mol, is approximately equal to the energy of a visible photon at 555 nm and a HOMO-LUMO gap of 4.4 eV, and is the best choice amongst the (ZnO)n clusters of different sizes when the number of monomers n in the clusters ranges from 1 to 6. We used the Gaussian16 software package for all the calculations.
Software similarity measurements using UML diagrams: A systematic literature review
Authors: Triandini Evi , Fauzan Reza , Siahaan Daniel O. , Rochimah Siti , Suardika I Gede , Karolita Devi
Published: May 2021

Every piece of software uses a model to derive its operational, auxiliary, and functional procedures. Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard displaying language for determining, recording, and building a software product. Several algorithms have been used by researchers to measure similarities between UML artifacts. However, there no literature studies have considered measurements of UML diagram similarities. This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review concerning similarity measurements between the UML diagrams of different software products. The study reviews and identifies similarity measurements of UML artifacts, with class diagram, sequence diagram, statechart diagram, and use case diagram being UML diagrams that are widely used as research objects for measuring similarity. Measuring similarity enables resolution of the problem domains of software reuse, similarity measurement, and clone detection. The instruments used to measure similarity are semantic and structural similarity. The findings indicate opportunities for future research regarding calculating other UML diagrams, compiling calculation information for each diagram, adapting semantic and structural similarity calculation methods, determining the best weight for each item in the diagram, testing novel proposed methods, and building or finding good datasets for use as testing material.
Distributed Data-intensive Web Service Composition
Authors:   , Sadeghiram Soheila
Published: May 2021

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) encourages the creation of modular applications involving Web services as the reusable components. Data-intensive Web services have emerged to manipulate and deal with the massive data emerged from technological advances and their various applications. Distributed Data-intensive Web Service Composition (DWSC) is a core of SOA, which includes the selection of data-intensive Web services from diverse locations on the network and composes them to accomplish a complicated task. As a fundamental challenge for service developers, service compositions must fulfil functional requirements and optimise Quality of Service (QoS), simultaneously. The QoS of a distributed DWSC is not only impacted by the QoS of component services and how the compositions are generated, but also by the locations of services and data transformation between services. However, existing works often neglect the impact of locations and data on service composition. The distributed DWSC has not been sufficiently studied in the literature. In this thesis, we first define the single-objective distributed DWSC that includes communication (e.g. bandwidth), Web service (execution time) and data (data cost) attributes. To this aim, we consider bandwidth information of communication links obtained using the location information of services. Based on the problem formulation, we then address the distributed DWSC problem by developing EC-based approaches. Those EC-based approaches are designed to incorporate domain-knowledge for effectively solving the distributed DWSC problem. Afterwards, we study the multi-objective distributed DWSC to satisfy different QoS requirements. In particular, the QoS-constrained distributed DWSC problem and user preferences are considered. For finding trade-off solutions for those problems, new Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) are proposed based on the current Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Furthermore, a new problem formulation for the dynamic distributed DWSC (D2−DWSC) problem with bandwidth fluctuations is proposed. An EC-based approach is developed to solve the D2-DWSC. Finally, extensive empirical evaluations are conducted that demonstrate the high performance of our proposed methods in finding composite services with good QoS.
Distributed Data-intensive Web Service Composition
Authors: Sadeghiram Soheila
Published: May 2021

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) encourages the creation of modular applications involving Web services as the reusable components. Data-intensive Web services have emerged to manipulate and deal with the massive data emerged from technological advances and their various applications. Distributed Data-intensive Web Service Composition (DWSC) is a core of SOA, which includes the selection of data-intensive Web services from diverse locations on the network and composes them to accomplish a complicated task. As a fundamental challenge for service developers, service compositions must fulfil functional requirements and optimise Quality of Service (QoS), simultaneously. The QoS of a distributed DWSC is not only impacted by the QoS of component services and how the compositions are generated, but also by the locations of services and data transformation between services. However, existing works often neglect the impact of locations and data on service composition. The distributed DWSC has not been sufficiently studied in the literature. In this thesis, we first define the single-objective distributed DWSC that includes communication (e.g. bandwidth), Web service (execution time) and data (data cost) attributes. To this aim, we consider bandwidth information of communication links obtained using the location information of services. Based on the problem formulation, we then address the distributed DWSC problem by developing EC-based approaches. Those EC-based approaches are designed to incorporate domain-knowledge for effectively solving the distributed DWSC problem. Afterwards, we study the multi-objective distributed DWSC to satisfy different QoS requirements. In particular, the QoS-constrained distributed DWSC problem and user preferences are considered. For finding trade-off solutions for those problems, new Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) are proposed based on the current Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Furthermore, a new problem formulation for the dynamic distributed DWSC (D2−DWSC) problem with bandwidth fluctuations is proposed. An EC-based approach is developed to solve the D2-DWSC. Finally, extensive empirical evaluations are conducted that demonstrate the high performance of our proposed methods in finding composite services with good QoS.
Understanding Early Fire Learning and Experiences in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors:   , Rhodes Amelia Jane
Published: May 2021

The current study presents exploratory research on how people in Aotearoa New Zealand learn about fire growing up, and how they think and feel about fire as adults. The research aims to fill the empirical gap in research on fire and fire learning. An anonymous qualitative survey was conducted with 40 community participants through the crowd sharing platform Prolific Academic. Participants also answered the Fire Setting Scale, used as a descriptive measure to determine the range of fire interest scores among the sample; scores were well spread and the sample slightly negatively skewed. Thematic analysis was used and six themes comprising 13 subthemes were developed to answer the two research questions; 1. How do adults in Aotearoa NZ learn about fire growing up? and 2. How do adults in Aotearoa NZ think and feel about fire now? The first question was answered with four themes comprising ten subthemes. The first theme discussed participants’ descriptions of their notable reactions to fire memories, the second described the development of norms about fire and fire use, the third learning how and where fire can be used through direct experiences, and the fourth discussed participants descriptions of learning about fire mechanisms and safety. Research question two was answered with two themes and three subthemes, the first theme discussed the idea that in regard to fire, knowledge is power. The second theme looked at participants’ emotional congruence with fire and identified these emotions as existing on somewhat of a continuum. The findings determined that the current emphasis on social learning theory among the fire literature is not without basis, and that parental modelling and reinforcement, as well as sensory reinforcements, play a large role in the way individuals experience and learn about fire. It is also clear from this study that there is a wide variety in the levels of fire safety education delivered to young people in Aotearoa New Zealand. Further research is needed with comparative groups to determine how different learning and perceptions may influence an individuals’ fire use in adulthood.
Understanding Early Fire Learning and Experiences in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Rhodes Amelia Jane
Published: May 2021

The current study presents exploratory research on how people in Aotearoa New Zealand learn about fire growing up, and how they think and feel about fire as adults. The research aims to fill the empirical gap in research on fire and fire learning. An anonymous qualitative survey was conducted with 40 community participants through the crowd sharing platform Prolific Academic. Participants also answered the Fire Setting Scale, used as a descriptive measure to determine the range of fire interest scores among the sample; scores were well spread and the sample slightly negatively skewed. Thematic analysis was used and six themes comprising 13 subthemes were developed to answer the two research questions; 1. How do adults in Aotearoa NZ learn about fire growing up? and 2. How do adults in Aotearoa NZ think and feel about fire now? The first question was answered with four themes comprising ten subthemes. The first theme discussed participants’ descriptions of their notable reactions to fire memories, the second described the development of norms about fire and fire use, the third learning how and where fire can be used through direct experiences, and the fourth discussed participants descriptions of learning about fire mechanisms and safety. Research question two was answered with two themes and three subthemes, the first theme discussed the idea that in regard to fire, knowledge is power. The second theme looked at participants’ emotional congruence with fire and identified these emotions as existing on somewhat of a continuum. The findings determined that the current emphasis on social learning theory among the fire literature is not without basis, and that parental modelling and reinforcement, as well as sensory reinforcements, play a large role in the way individuals experience and learn about fire. It is also clear from this study that there is a wide variety in the levels of fire safety education delivered to young people in Aotearoa New Zealand. Further research is needed with comparative groups to determine how different learning and perceptions may influence an individuals’ fire use in adulthood.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO ENSINO DE FILOSOFIA EM RELAÇÃO COM O PODER DISCIPLINAR: APONTES DO PENSAMENTO DE MICHEL FOUCAULT
Authors: Silva Tales Macêdo da , Freitas José Gabriel Rolim
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem como ponto central analisar, com base nos trabalhos de Michel Foucault, a respeito do Poder Disciplinar em sua atuação na área educacional, especificamente, no Ensino de Filosofia, cujo objetivo é especular sobre o referido poder, presente nas instituições de ensino. Para tratar dessa questão, que envolve o Poder Disciplinador no desenvolvimento no Ensino de Filosofia, será utilizada a metodologia da pesquisa direta bibliográfica. Nossa trabalho será desenvolvido em dois momento singulares (i) a ideia geral sobre o poder no filósofo Michel Foucault e, posteriormente, (ii) pensar o desenvolvimento do Poder Disciplinar em relação com a Educação e, consequentemente, o Ensino de Filosofia. Esse caminho acredita-se que chegará a uma compreensão do Poder Disciplinar dentro do Ensino de Filosofia, trazendo elementos e questões que contribuam na construção do sujeito pensante, seja em sua vida individual ou uma vida social, e que esse indivíduo possa transformar a sociedade.
Turizm Alanında Yer Alan Liderlik Araştırmalarının Bibliyometrik Analizi
Authors: KIRPIK Gülşen , DÖNBAK Eda Rukiye
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı turizm literatüründe yer alan liderlik ile ilgili çalışmaların betimsel içerik analizi çerçevesinde bibliyometri tekniği ile incelenmesidir. İnceleme sonucunda öne çıkan liderlik temaları ifade edilmekte ve temaların genel eğilimleri belirlenmektedir. Araştırmanın diğer bir amacı da liderlik konusundaki sınıflandırmaları dönemlere göre elde etmek ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için önemli kavram ve temaları ana hatları ile oluşturarak geleceğe yönelik bir araştırma önerisi sunmaktır. Bu bağlamda, Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection veri tabanından indirilen, 1991-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanan, 723 bilimsel yayın bu çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Turizm ve liderlik konusunun birlikte ele alındığı yayınlar, üç dönemde SciMAT programı aracılığı ile bilimsel haritalama analizine alınmıştır. Analizlerdeki temel araştırma birimi anahtar kelimelerdir. Son beş yılda liderlik ile ilgili en önemli tespit yeşil insan kaynakları uygulamaları temasıdır. Bu temanın "management practices", "ethical leadership", "mediating role", "citizenship behavior for the environment", "environmentally specific servant leadership" ile ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
International students and their accessibility to on-campus healthcare services
Authors: Lee Dillon , Guirguis Lisa
Published: May 2021

Background: There is limited information on international students’ experiences and access to the Canadian healthcare system at the University of Alberta.
Objective: The main objective of this research project is to characterize the experiences of international students navigating on-campus healthcare resources at the University of Alberta from multiple perspectives (e.g., international students, healthcare providers, student advisors) and determine factors that influence it, including knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers.
Methods: This exploratory, descriptive study employed a mixed-method approach to produce qualitative and quantitative data. Through snowball sampling, starting with targeted contacts from the International Student Centre (ISC), interviews were held using a semi-structured interview guide. Interview data was explored using thematic analysis. A 44-item survey was developed to measure the University of Alberta specific experiences including: help-seeking preferences, perceived cultural barriers, and attitudes towards using on-campus health resources. A descriptive analysis was used to characterize the data.
Results: Results draw from nine interviews with international students, on-campus healthcare providers, and ISC advisors in addition to 59 survey responses from international students. The study determined three categories associated with international students: the Gatekeeper healthcare system, insurance imperatives, and the unique challenges with medications. Quantitative findings support the categories. For example, more than 50% of students were not knowledgeable about the Canadian healthcare system.
Conclusions: Explaining the values and the structure of Canada’s healthcare system is a crucial step in ensuring international students’ access to healthcare services, as well as reconciling their expectations and realities of publicly funded healthcare of Canada. The University of Alberta should support initiatives that better help international students to explore the Canadian healthcare system.
Support: University of Alberta Undergraduate Research Initiative (URI) and Social Sustainability Research Award.
Toxicity Test of Roots, Stems and Leaves of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus)
Authors: Nurcholis Waras , Weni Mustika , Fitria Rizki , Najmah  , Manek Kornelia Rosvita , Habibie Baharuddin Yusuf
Published: May 2021

Lemongrass traditionally can be used as a mixture of water bath for rheumatic patients, antiseptic medicine, headache reducer, unbend the leech bite and overcome insect bite, but, the bioactivity potential of citronella lemongrass still remains unknown. The content of citronella lemongrass is known to have secondary metabolites such as flavanoid, phenolic, and terpenoid. The aim of this study is to determine the LC50 value (Lethality Concentration 50) in the root, stem, and leaves part of citronella lemongrass. Citronella lemongrass is extracted with maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Rendement value of leaf extract is greater than the value of stem and root extract, which is equal to 8.69% for stem extract, 3.73% for root extract and 9.70% for leaves extract. A toxicity test was performed by using the BSLT method, shrimp larvae were inserted into the test solution with each different solution concentration. LC50  values were obtained based on the calculation of percent mortality of shrimp larvae by using probit analysis. LC50 ethanol extract 96% of citronella lemongrass leaf is 67.841 μg/ml, citronella lemongrass stem is 31.604 μg/ml and citronella lemongrass root is 10.489 μg/ml. LC50 value shows that ethanol extract 96% of root, stem, and leaf of citronella lemongrass have no bioactivity potential due to the value of LC50 is greater than 1000 μg/ml.

Keywords: BSLT, Cymbopogon nardus, cytotoxicity, LC50