bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The onset of hazel wood formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stems
Authors: Račko Vladimír , Kačík František , Mišíková Oľga , Hlaváč Pavol , Čunderlík Igor , Ďurkovič Jaroslav
Published: August 2018

Key message

Fungal infection was outlined as a potential reason for the onset of indented annual growth ring formation during the juvenile phase of hazel wood growth. Annual growth ring indentations resulted from the formation of disturbed zones which originated solely in close proximity to leaf traces.

Context

Hazel wood is an abnormal type of woody tissue that is formed as a result of exogenous stimuli that may trigger long-term responses in the cambium. Cambial responses produce anatomical alterations in the surrounding xylem tissue that can be observed as an indentation of annual growth rings. The chemical profiles of lignan hydroxymatairesinol may provide an indication of its possible role in the protection of a living tree against the spread of a fungal or microbial infection at the onset of indentation.

Aims

The objectives of this study were to reveal the anatomical differences in the altered woody tissue of Picea abies hazel wood at both the onset and the later stages of annual growth ring indentation and to determine the chemical profiles for hydroxymatairesinol upon elicitation by a fungal infection in the disturbed zones.

Methods

Light and scanning electron microscopy observations were carried out on radial, tangential, and cross sections of hazel wood zones separated from P. abies stems. Concentrations of hydroxymatairesinol were determined for both the disturbed zones and the non-indented zones using a gradient high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results

The formation of disturbed zones was accompanied by significant changes in both the direction and width of the tracheids which produced an abnormal formation of intertwined and twisted tracheids. Fungal hyphae, radial cell wall cracks, and unusually large cross-field pitting were all found in the tracheids of the disturbed zones.

Conclusion

The content of hydroxymatairesinol in the acetone extract determined from the disturbed zones was 3.4 times greater than that present in the non-disturbed tissues. By means of vascular dysfunction in the leaf traces, host trees responded to the fungal infection by plugging the lumens of conductive leaf trace tissue and filling the vascular pathway with polyphenolic compound deposits.
Exploration of the influence of insecure attachment and parental maltreatment on the incidence and course of adult clinical depression
Authors: Brown George W. , Harris Tirril O. , Craig Thomas K. J.
Published: August 2018

Background

Both childhood maltreatment and insecure attachment are known to be associated with depression in adulthood. The extent insecure attachment increases the risk of adult clinical depression over that of parental maltreatment among women in the general population is explored, using those at high risk because of their selection for parental maltreatment together with an unselected sample.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews and investigator-based measures are employed.

Results

Insecure attachment is highly associated with parental maltreatment with both contributing to the risk of depression, with attachment making a substantial independent contribution. Risk of depression did not vary by type of insecure attachment, but the core pathways of the dismissive and enmeshed involved the whole life course in terms of greater experience of a mother's physical abuse and their own anger as an adult, with both related to adult depression being more often provoked by a severely threatening event involving humiliation rather than loss. By contrast, depression of the insecure fearful and withdrawn was more closely associated with both current low self-esteem and an inadequately supportive core relationship. In terms of depression taking a chronic course, insecure attachment was again a key risk factor, but with this now closely linked with the early experience of a chaotic life style but with this involving only a modest number of women.

Conclusions

Both insecure attachment and parental maltreatment contribute to an increased risk of depression with complex effects involving types of insecure attachment.
Contribution to generic modeling and vision-based control of a broad class of fully parallel robots
Authors: Dallej Tej , Andreff Nicolas , Martinet Philippe
Published: August 2018

This paper deals with a generic modeling and vision-based control approach for a broad class of parallel mechanisms. First, a generic architecture representing several families is proposed. Second, inspired by the geometry of lines, a generic differential inverse kinematic model according to the proposed generic structure is introduced. Finally, based on the image projection of cylindrical legs, a kinematic vision-based control using legs observation is presented. The approach is illustrated and validated on the Gough–Stewart and Par4 parallel robots.
Water intake from foods and beverages and risk of mortality from CVD: the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study
Authors: Cui Renzhe , Iso Hiroyasu , Eshak Ehab S , Maruyama Koutatsu , Tamakoshi Akiko ,   the JACC Study Group
Published: August 2018

Objective

To examine the association of water intake with risk of mortality from CVD.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting/Subjects

A total of 22 939 men and 35 362 women aged 40–79 years enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study with available data regarding water intake from foods and beverages. The underlying causes of death were determined based on the International Classification of Diseases.

Results

During the median 19·1 years of follow-up, 1637 men and 1707 women died from CVD. There was an inverse trend between high water intake and risk of CVD in both sexes. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of water intake, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95 % CI) for mortality from total CVD in the highest quintile of water intake were 0·88 (0·72, 1·07; P for trend=0·03) in men and 0·79 (0·66, 0·95; P for trend=0·10) in women. Those for CHD were 0·81 (0·54, 1·21; P for trend=0·06) in men and 0·60 (0·39, 0·93; P for trend=0·20) in women. Reduced risk of mortality from ischaemic stroke was also observed among women in the highest water intake quintile: 0·70 (0·47, 0·99; P for trend=0·19). There was no association between water intake and mortality from haemorrhagic stroke in either sex.

Conclusions

Higher intake of fluids from foods and beverages was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular mortality in both sexes and reduced risk of ischaemic stroke in women in Japan.
The influence of a community-level breast-feeding promotion intervention programme on breast-feeding practices in Myanmar
Authors: Thet May Me , Aung Tin , Diamond-Smith Nadia , Sudhinaraset May
Published: August 2018

Objective

Breast-feeding in the first 6 months of life is critical for ensuring both child health and well-being. Despite efforts to improve breast-feeding practices, recent studies have reported that Myanmar continues to have low rates of exclusive breast-feeding.

Design/Setting/Subjects

A community-based breast-feeding promotion programme using trained community members was implemented for 1 year in hard-to-reach townships of Myanmar. The present study assessed the breast-feeding practices using a cross-sectional survey of 610 mothers of children under 2 years old: specifically, breast-feeding within 24 h, exclusive breast-feeding up to 6 months and breast-feeding duration.

Results

Using Cox models for breast-feeding duration before 24 months, the hazard of breast-feeding cessation was lower in programme v. non-programme townships (hazard ratio (HR)=0·55; 95 % CI 0·32, 0·95). Mothers who worked as shop owners or ran a family business had lower hazard of breast-feeding cessation (HR=0·13, P<0·05) v. those who worked as supervisors, managers, self-employed and businesswomen. The hazard of breast-feeding cessation was higher in women in higher wealth quintiles v. those in the lowest quintile (lower quintile, HR=3·49, P<0·1; higher quintile, HR=3·50, P<0·1; highest quintile, HR=3·47, P<0·1).

Conclusions

The intervention did not affect exclusive breast-feeding practices or breast-feeding within the first 24 h. Potential reasons include existing high levels of early initiation of breast-feeding due to ongoing government-led maternal and child health activities, and social and traditional practices related to complementary feeding. Community-based breast-feeding programmes should continue to promote exclusive breast-feeding and develop strategies to support working mothers.
Quantitative Relationships Between Basalt Geochemistry, Shear Wave Velocity, and Asthenospheric Temperature Beneath Western North America
Authors: Klöcking M. , White N. J. , Maclennan J. , McKenzie D. , Fitton J. G.
Published: August 2018

Western North America has an average elevation that is ∼2 km higher than cratonic North America. This difference coincides with a westward decrease in average lithospheric thickness from ∼240 to <100 km. Tomographic models show that slow shear wave velocity anomalies lie beneath this region, coinciding with the pattern of basaltic magmatism. To investigate relationships between magmatism, shear wave velocity, and temperature, we analyzed a suite of >260 basaltic samples. Forward and inverse modeling of carefully selected major, trace, and rare earth elements were used to determine melt fraction as a function of depth. Basaltic melt appears to have been generated by adiabatic decompression of dry peridotite with asthenospheric potential temperatures of 1340 ± 20 °C. Potential temperatures as high as 1365 °C were obtained for the Snake River Plain. For the youngest (i.e., <5 Ma) basalts with a subplate geochemical signature, there is a positive correlation between shear wave velocities and trace element ratios such as La/Yb. The significance of this correlation is explored by converting shear wave velocity into temperature using a global empirical parameterization. Calculated temperatures agree with those determined by inverse modeling of rare earth elements. We propose that regional epeirogenic uplift of western North America is principally maintained by widespread asthenospheric temperature anomalies lying beneath a lithospheric plate, which is considerably thinner than it was in Late Cretaceous times. Our proposal accounts for the distribution and composition of basaltic magmatism and is consistent with regional heat flow anomalies.
Time‐Asymmetric FORC Diagrams: A New Protocol for Visualizing Thermal Fluctuations and Distinguishing Magnetic Mineral Mixtures
Authors: Berndt Thomas A. , Chang Liao , Wang Shishun , Badejo Sijibomioluwa
Published: August 2018

First‐order reversal curves (FORCs) are nowadays routinely used to assess domain states and magnetostatic interactions of magnetic minerals. While a huge step forward from bulk magnetic measurements in terms of sample characterization, there is a missing link between the FORC diagrams and remanence behavior: FORC diagrams mainly reveal domain states, while remanence behavior is largely controlled by thermal activations. We present a new tool to visualize thermal fluctuations in so‐called time‐asymmetric (TA) FORC diagrams. TA‐FORCs differ from traditional FORCs in that they maintain the reversal field Ha for a longer time (minutes) than the FORC measurement field Hb (milliseconds). During this extended hold time, thermal activations cause some magnetic grains to change their magnetization, giving rise to an upward shift in the FORC diagram. The magnitude of this shift gives insight into the thermoviscous stability of the mineral and its remanence acquisition behavior. This not only allows to distinguish thermoviscous effects in FORC diagrams from magnetostatic (i.e., interactions/domain state related) effects but also provides a way to separate mixtures of magnetic minerals: two minerals with similar coercivity spectra that would totally overlap in traditional FORC diagrams show different upward shifts in TA‐FORC diagrams, which in some cases enable complete separation of the minerals visually. This effectively provides two independent FORC signatures for two magnetic constituents in a sample such as two grain populations of different grain sizes, grain shapes, and/or mineral.
The Seasonal Cycle of the South Indian Ocean Subtropical Gyre Circulation as Revealed by Argo and Satellite Data
Authors: McMonigal K. , Beal Lisa M. , Willis Josh K.
Published: August 2018

The seasonal variability in volume transport of the South Indian Ocean subtropical gyre is characterized for the first time. Only three complete hydrographic crossings of the gyre have been conducted over a 22‐year period, with an upcoming repeat in 2019. Changes to geostrophic transport and thermocline properties imply a strengthening of the gyre from 1987 to 2002. However, some of this strengthening could result from aliasing of seasonal variability. We use data from Argo, satellite altimetry, and an Agulhas Current transport proxy at 34∘S to quantify the seasonal variability of the upper 2,000‐m volume transport. A semiannual cycle is revealed, with peak‐to‐peak amplitude of 6.4 ± 3.1 Sv(1Sv = 106 m3 s−1) and dominated by annual anomalies in quadrature near the eastern and western boundaries. Seasonal aliasing does not account for the observed gyre strengthening.
Calculating Trajectories Associated With Solute Transport in a Heterogeneous Medium
Authors: Vasco D. W. , Pride Steven R. , Zahasky Christopher , Benson Sally M.
Published: August 2018

We present a trajectory‐based technique for calculating solute transport in a porous medium that has several advantages over existing methods. Unlike streamlines, the extended trajectories are influenced by each of the important parameters governing transport, including molecular diffusion and transverse dispersion. The approach is complete and does not require any additional techniques, such as operator splitting or particle tracking, in order to account for the full dispersion tensor. The semianalytic expressions make it clear how the flow field, the concentration distribution, and the dispersion tensor contribute to the velocity field of an injected solute. The equations are valid for an arbitrary porous medium, including those with rapid spatial variations in properties, overcoming limitations faced by previous approaches based upon asymptotic techniques. A test on a layered model with sharp boundaries indicates that the extended trajectories are compatible with the results of a numerical simulator and differ from streamlines. We also describe a new form of the dispersion tensor that incorporates a known asymmetry. The trajectories indicate that the modifications of the dispersion tensor lead to more focused transport within regions of high conductivity. Finally, the trajectories are used to define a semianalytic relationship between solute travel times and variations in solute velocities along a path that may be used for tomographic imaging. In an application to the injection of a radioactive tracer into a Berea sandstone core, monitored using micropositron emission tomographic (micro‐PET) observations, the sensitivities are used to map the spatial variations of permeability within the core.
A simple fluorescent aptamer based assay coupled with fluorescence scanning capillary array for aflatoxin B1
Authors: Sun Linlin , Zhao Qiang
Published: August 2018

AFB1 binding to a fluorescently labeled aptamer causes a fluorescence increase, and AFB1 detection is achieved by fluorescence scanning of a capillary array.
Synthesis of uranium-in-cryptand complexes
Authors: Huh Daniel N. , Windorff Cory J. , Ziller Joseph W. , Evans William J.
Published: August 2018

Uranium-in-cryptand complexes can be readily synthesized by reacting UI3 with 2.2.2-cryptand.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed directed amidation of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds to afford 1,2-amino alcohol derivatives
Authors: Dong Yi , Chen Jiajing , Xu Heng
Published: August 2018

A rhodium-catalyzed directed C(sp3)–H amidation to afford 1,2-amino alcohol oxime derivatives has been developed.
Time modulation of defects in UiO-66 and application in oxidative desulfurization
Authors: Xiao Weiming , Dong Qiaoling , Wang Yao , Li Yuan , Deng Shengjun , Zhang Ning
Published: August 2018

Defective UiO-66 obtained by simply tuning the synthesis time is very active for oxidative desulfurization.
Electrocatalytic performance of different cobalt molybdate structures for water oxidation in alkaline media
Authors: Rodriguez Mariandry , Stolzemburg Matheus C. P. , Bruziquesi Carlos G. O. , Silva Adilson C. , Abreu Cíntia G. , Siqueira Kisla P. F. , Oliveira Luiz C. A. , S. Pires Maíra , Lacerda Lívia C. T. , Ramalho Teodorico C. , Dias Anderson , Pereira Márcio C.
Published: August 2018

Among the CoMoO4polymorphs, the α-phase exhibits the highest performance for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Towards the use of experimental electron densities to estimate reliable lattice energies
Authors: Spackman Mark A.
Published: August 2018

Lattice energies derived from experimental charge densities are critically assessed, with a view to encouraging further research of this nature.
Significance of crystal habit sphericity in the determination of the impact sensitivity of bistetrazole-based energetic salts
Authors: Bondarchuk Sergey V.
Published: August 2018

The effect of crystal habit sphericity (Ψ) on impact sensitivity is described quantitatively. The developed empirical function (Ω), which includes five quantities obtained from first-principles calculations, correlates well with the experimentally measured impact sensitivities of 20 crystalline energetic salts based on 5,5′-bistetrazole derivatives.
Viscous interfacial layer formation causes electroosmotic mobility reversal in monovalent electrolytes
Authors: Rezaei Majid , Azimian Ahmad Reza , Pishevar Ahmad Reza , Bonthuis Douwe Jan
Published: August 2018

Using molecular dynamics simulations, the ion density, shear viscosity and electroosmotic mobility of an aqueous monovalent electrolyte at a charged solid surface are studied as a function of the surface charge density.
Coordination of arenes and phosphines by charge separated alkaline earth cations
Authors: Garcia Lucia , Anker Mathew D. , Mahon Mary F. , Maron Laurent , Hill Michael S.
Published: August 2018

Generation of ‘naked’ β-diketiminato magnesium and calcium cations allows the isolation of benzene, toluene, 1,4-difluorobenzene and terminal phosphine adducts.
Development of novel h-BNNS/PVA porous membranesviaPickering emulsion templating
Authors: Gonzalez-Ortiz Danae , Pochat-Bohatier Céline , Gassara Sana , Cambedouzou Julien , Bechelany Mikhael , Miele Philippe
Published: August 2018

Polymer-based membranes play an important role in water filtration, in particular in the removal of particles, microorganisms and organic pollutants.
Valorization of levulinic acid over non-noble metal catalysts: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Xue Zhimin , Liu Qiaoling , Wang Jinfang , Mu Tiancheng
Published: August 2018

This review provides a holistic overview of the valorization of levulinic acid in various non-noble metal catalytic systems.
Multi-energy calibration (MEC) applied to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Babos Diego Victor , Virgilio Alex , Costa Vinícius Câmara , Donati George Luis , Pereira-Filho Edenir Rodrigues
Published: August 2018

The multi-energy calibration (MEC) method is applied to solid sample analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
Investigation on self-absorption reduction in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with spatially selective laser-stimulated absorption
Authors: Tang Yun , Guo Lianbo , Li Jiaming , Tang Shisong , Zhu Zhihao , Ma Shixiang , Li Xiangyou , Zeng Xiaoyan , Duan Jun , Lu Yongfeng
Published: August 2018

We proposed spatially selective laser-stimulated absorption (SS-LSA) to reduce self-absorption in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
Transfer hydrogenation and hydration of aromatic aldehydes and nitriles using heterogeneous NiO nanofibers as a catalyst
Authors: Thenmozhi S. , Kadirvelu K.
Published: August 2018

NiO NFs as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of aromatic alcohols and amides.
Copper(i)-catalysed stereoselective debromoborylation of aliphatic 1,1-dibromo-1-alkenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron
Authors: Pang Yadong , Kojima Ryoto , Ito Hajime
Published: August 2018

The first example of the selective debromoborylation of gem-dibromoalkenes.
Controlling of chaos in a tumour growth cancer model: an experimental study
Authors: Sabarathinam S. , Thamilmaran K.
Published: August 2018

A mathematical model of a tumour growth cancer cell is investigated. A simple analogue circuit for mimicking the tumour growth cancer cell model is constructed for the first time. The stability of the proposed system is studied. The familiar chaos control technique, i.e. the non‐feedback loop is performed to control the chaotic behaviour. The possible application of this study is discussed.
High-speed molecular cloudlets around the Galactic center’s supermassive black hole
Authors: Goicoechea Javier R. , Pety Jerome , Chapillon Edwige , Cernicharo José , Gerin Maryvonne , Herrera Cinthya , Requena-Torres Miguel A. , Santa-Maria Miriam G.
Published: August 2018

We present 1″-resolution ALMA observations of the circumnuclear disk (CND) and the interstellar environment around Sgr A*. The images unveil the presence of small spatial scale 12CO (J = 3–2) molecular “cloudlets” (≲20 000 AU size) within the central parsec of the Milky Way, in other words, inside the cavity of the CND, and moving at high speeds, up to 300 km s−1 along the line-of-sight. The 12CO-emitting structures show intricate morphologies: extended and filamentary at high negative-velocities (vLSR ≲−150 km s−1), more localized and clumpy at extreme positive-velocities (vLSR ≳+200 km s−1). Based on the pencil-beam 12CO absorption spectrum toward Sgr A* synchrotron emission, we also present evidence for a diffuse molecular gas component producing absorption features at more extreme negative-velocities (vLSR < −200 km s−1). The CND shows a clumpy spatial distribution traced by the optically thin H13CN (J = 4–3) emission. Its motion requires a bundle of non-uniformly rotating streams of slightly different inclinations. The inferred gas density peaks, molecular cores of several 105 cm−3, are lower than the local Roche limit. This supports that CND cores are transient. We apply the two standard orbit models, spirals vs. ellipses, invoked to explain the kinematics of the ionized gas streamers around Sgr A*. The location and velocities of the 12CO cloudlets inside the cavity are inconsistent with the spiral model, and only two of them are consistent with the Keplerian ellipse model. Most cloudlets, however, show similar velocities that are incompatible with the motions of the ionized streamers or with gas bounded to the central gravity. We speculate that they are leftovers of more massive molecular clouds that fall into the cavity and are tidally disrupted, or that they originate from instabilities in the inner rim of the CND that lead to fragmentation and infall from there. In either case, we show that molecular cloudlets, all together with a mass of several 10 M⊙, exist around Sgr A*. Most of them must be short-lived, ≲104 yr: photoevaporated by the intense stellar radiation field, G0 ≃ 105.3–104.3, blown away by winds from massive stars in the central cluster, or disrupted by strong gravitational shears.
NuSTAR view of the Seyfert galaxy HE 0436-4717
Authors: Middei R. , Vagnetti F. , Tombesi F. , Bianchi S. , Marinucci A. , Ursini F. , Tortosa A.
Published: August 2018

We present the multi-epoch spectral analysis of HE 0436-4717, a bright Seyfert 1 galaxy serendipitously observed by the high energy satellite NuSTAR four times between December 2014 and December 2015. The source flux shows modest variability within each pointing and among the four observations. Spectra are well modelled in terms of a weakly variable primary power law with constant photon index (Γ = 2.01 ± 0.08). A constant narrow Fe Kα emission line suggests that this feature has an origin far from the central black hole, while a broad relativistic component is not required by the data. The Compton reflection component is also constant in flux with a corresponding reflection fraction R = 0.7+0.2−0.3. The iron abundance is compatible with solar (AFe = 1.2+1.4−0.4), and a lower limit for the high energy cut-off Ec > 280 keV is obtained. Adopting a self-consistent model accounting for a primary Comptonized continuum, we obtain a lower limit for the hot corona electron temperature kTe > 65 keV and a corresponding upper limit for the coronal optical depth of τe < 1.3. The results of the present analysis are consistent with the locus of local Seyfert galaxies in the kTe − τe and temperature-compactness diagrams.
Molecular survey of coccidian infections of the side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana on San Benito Oeste Island, Mexico
Authors: Quillfeldt Petra , Romeike Tanja , Masello Juan F. , Reiner Gerald , Willems Hermann , Bedolla-Guzmán Yuliana
Published: August 2018

Blood parasites are found in many vertebrates, but the research on blood parasites of lizards is still at its onset. We analyzed blood samples from side-blotched lizards Uta stansburiana from San Benito Oeste Island, Mexico, to test for the presence of hemoparasites. We found a high prevalence (23 out of 27 samples) of a blood parasite of the genus Lankesterella (Coccidia, Eimeriorina, Lankesterellidae) according to phylogenetic analyses of the parasite 18S rRNA gene. Similar parasites (97–99% similarity) have recently been described for Uta stansburiana from California. The parasite 18S rRNA gene showed high variability, both within San Benito and compared to California. The next closest matches of the parasite DNA with 97–98% similarity included a range of different genera (Lankesterella, Schellackia, Eimeria, Isospora and Caryospora). A high uncertainty in the deeper branches of the phylogenetic trees, and many missing links in genetic network analysis, were in line with previous suggestions that the coccidians are an understudied group with large knowledge gaps in terms of their diversity and taxonomy. Further studies are needed to resolve the evolutionary relationships within the Eimeriorina.
Opinions of pre-school pre-service teachers concerning tales: The case of TRNC
Authors: Korkmaz Selma
Published: August 2018

Tales have an important place in the education lives of children. For this reason, attention should be paid to the qualifications of tales read to the children in pre-school period. Pre-school teachers have important roles to play in this regard. The purpose of this study is to obtain the opinions of pre-school pre-service teachers who will serve as preschool teachers in the future concerning tales and explore whether they have adequate knowledge and awareness. For this purpose, our study group consists of 60 pre-service teachers studying at 4th grade of Near East University Atatürk Education Faculty Preschool Teaching Department. Interview forms were used in the collection of data. Frequency, percentage and content analysis were used in the analysis of data. Based on the findings obtained, it is determined that pre-service teachers have a certain accumulation of knowledge concerning tales; however, it became evident that this knowledge is inadequate and that they are under the impact of foreign culture, and that they have little knowledge about Turkish tales although they are senior students. At the same time, pre-service teachers declare that when they become teachers they will teach some tales which they claim that have negative effects on children, which is an indication that they do not have conscious.
Structure and Material Usages Concerning Sustainability in Architectural Design Studio
Authors: Alakavuk Ebru
Published: August 2018

Sustainability is a term that there is no exact definition that is accepted for everyone. But the main acceptance is that goods and services that use resources that can be replaced. As it is clear that climate change is one of the big problems of the world nowadays, sustainability becomes an important subject of the world. Day by day people become more conscious about sustainability and try to live environmentally friendly. In such a condition sustainability in architectural design becomes more important. In this paper applying sustainability concepts on architectural design is discussed. In the third year architectural design studio students are supposed to design a sustainable project that is respectable to the environment and also using renewable energy sources. The aim of this paper is to put forward integration of sustainability with respect to material usage in architectural design. The projects of third year studio students are taken as a case study and integration of sustainable structures and materials to architectural design is discussed.
An Examination of the Relationship between High School Students’ Self-efficacy Perceptions Concerning Electromagnetism and Their Academic Success
Authors: Bezen Sevim , Aykutlu Işıl , Bayrak Celal
Published: August 2018

In the study, “Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction” topic, which is part of the unit titled Electricity and Magnetism within the 11th grade Physics program that came into effect in 2013. In this study that aims to examine the relationship between high school students’ self-efficacy perceptions concerning electromagnetism and their academic success, study group consists of students who are enrolled at the 11th grade of Anatolian high schools in Ankara. Selection criterion was that students have completed covering “Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction” topic. Within the scope of the study, answers to following questions were sought: “What is the self-efficacy level of 11th-grade students concerning electromagnetism?”, “What is the academic success levels of 11th grade students concerning electromagnetism?” and “Is there a meaningful relationship between students’ perception of self-efficacy concerning electromagnetism and their academic success?”. At the end of the study, it was revealed that students experience problems with electromagnetism, and thus they do not have a high perception of self-efficacy.
A Qualitative Evaluation on Fiqh Education from İmam Hatip High Schools to Theology Faculties
Authors: Hasanova Samira
Published: August 2018

Fiqh (Islamic law) has a central place in religious education. This paper attempts to attract attention to the central position of fiqh, which is defined as knowing one’s rights and duties; for this purpose the historical background of fiqh education from Ottoman madrasahs to the present is briefly covered, and its relation with basic Islamic sciences and Arabic, which is known as instrumental sciences, is displayed in the context of quality of education. In the paper the negative and positive aspects of the reflection of acquisitions on faculty education of İmam Hatip high school graduates in the case that they enter theology faculty are examined. Fiqh is related to such disciplines as construction, hadith and kalam based on religion; but it is also connected with such disciplines as philosophy, sociology and psychology which are not based on religion. The paper emphasizes the importance of including new fields such as Islamic law sociology and Islamic law philosophy in theology curricula and discussion is made on the necessity to open a space in the curriculum for these fields. The purpose here is to examine the problems in fiqh education in the process from İmam Hatip high schools to university and evaluate them from the perspective of students, lecturers and the curriculum.
Determination of the Communication Skills of University Students by Sociodemographic Features
Authors: Akyurt Nuran
Published: August 2018

As a social being, human life continues in communities with other people. Human being is the only entity that communicates with highly complex learned behaviors that include best use of gestures and mimics, advanced reflex and instinct language as well as language. In our study, we wanted to determine the communication skills of university students with their socio-demographic characteristics. Two separate forms were used in the study. The evaluation of the obtained data was done by SPSS (Version 16.0) Statistical Package Program. The target population of the study is composed of students studying at Marmara University. In the direction of the data obtained within the scope of the research it was observed that the communication skills of the students studying in the departments providing health education are higher. University students are encouraged to develop listening skills and create an environment in which they can express themselves better.
Examples in Design Education: Inspiration or Fixation?
Authors: Hatıpoǧlu Serkan Can , Yıldız Dilek
Published: August 2018

Inspiration has an important role in design education. Searching existing design examples is a widely-used practice for inspiration. There are two different approaches regarding exposure of examples in design process. Some researchers claim that examples can inspire designers and increase the originality of outcomes, while other researchers highlight that examples cause fixedness to their features as a negative effect for creativity. The aim of the study is to analyse different modalities of examples, such as text, photograph, diagram, object as stimulation and to examine the impact of quantity, abstraction, proximity and method on each modality in design education. The paper reviews empirical studies of idea exposure from the existing literature and summarizes results relevant to understanding the effects of the design examples. Overall, to avoid the potential negative effect of using examples in different modalities, designers could pay attention quantity, abstraction, and proximity of examples for each modality.
Research on the Fundamentals of Architectural Restoration Associate Degree Program
Authors: Atalan Ozlem
Published: August 2018

Today, the effects of globalization can be easily seen in many areas in the world. In the changing process, both Architectural education and side branches need various updates. The "Architectural Restoration Program", which is one of these branches of Architectural education, aims to provide to the sector “Technicians” and educates “Architect Candidates”. The "Architectural Restoration Associate Degree Program" is a two year degree. In this context, the importance of this program’s course curriculums is great. The Program is aimed to train qualified technical personnel for cultural assets that are common heritage of mankind which must be transferred to future generations. Program’s graduates work in the laboratories, on the construction site and office, in the archaeological excavation, as a technical staff with architects. In this study, the relationship between “Architectural Education” and the basic objectives of the “Architectural Restoration Program” is examined. In this study, various Turkish and American universities’ "Architectural Restoration Program" module details will be subject for a further examination and evaluation
The Analysis of Pre-service Math Teachers’ Level of Understanding the Derivative Concept within the Context of APOS Theory
Authors: Urhan Selin , Dost Şenol
Published: August 2018

APOS (Action-Process-Object-Schema) learning theory is the result of the studies of a mathematics education research group named Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education Community (RUMEC), whose aim is to examine students’ level of comprehending university mathematics subjects. This study aimed to investigate how secondary mathematics education pre-service teachers in a public university structured the geometric dimension of the concept of derivative in their minds in the context of the components of the APOS theory. As data collection tools, questions developed by Çekmez [1] based on the genetic decomposition of Asiala, Dubinsky, Cottrill and Schwingendorf [2] for the geometric dimension of derivatives were used. The study revealed that secondary mathematics education pre-service teachers did not have the mental structures related to this topic and could not learn it at the desired level.
A research on the basic psychological needs of swimmers in Kocaeli province in terms of any variances (İzmit district case)
Authors: Akdeniz Hakan , Keskin Özlem , Körmükçü Fatma Yeşim , Varol Burak
Published: August 2018

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the basic psychological requirements of swimmers who perform individual sports in Kocaeli province with respect to certain variables. The sample of the study consisted of 80 swimmers who perform individual sports in Kocaeli province, İzmit district between the years of 2016 – 2017, 32 of whom were male and 42 of whom were female. In collecting data, the Basic Psychological Needs Scale which was developed by [4] was used in order to determine the psychological needs of individuals. Basic Psychological Needs Scale was adapted into Turkish by [9] A personal information form that was developed by the researcher was used. No significant difference was observed when basic psychological need scores were compared according to gender (P<0,05). In consequence of comparing the results of basic psychological need scale by means of age variable, a significant difference was observed by means of the need for relatedness between the 14 – 16 and 20 – 22 age groups (P<0,05). When basic psychological need scores were compared with respect to educational background, a significant difference was found in terms of the need for autonomy, need for competence and need for relatedness while a significant difference was observed by means of all scores (p<0,05). With respect to need for autonomy and need for competence; a significant difference was observed between Secondary Education and High School while the need for relatedness and total scores created a significant difference between Secondary Education and University (p<0,05). As a consequence of the comparison between the results of basic psychological need scale according to family attitudes, a significant difference was only observed by means of the need for competence between the variables (p<0,05). With respect to the sub-dimension of the need for competence, a significant difference was found between democratic family structure and authoritarian family structure (P<0,05). As a result of a comparison between basic psychological needs considering the educational background of female parents, there was a significant difference between the variants by means of the need for competence and the need for relatedness. With respect to need for competence and relatedness, a significant difference was observed for both, between the educational levels of primary school and high school (P<0,05).
Structures and magnetic properties of iron silicide from adaptive genetic algorithm and first-principles calculations
Authors: Yang Zejin , Wu Shunqing , Zhao Xin , Nguyen Manh Cuong , Yu Shu , Wen Tongqi , Tang Ling , Li Fuxiang , Ho Kai-Ming , Wang Cai-Zhuang
Published: August 2018

We performed a systematic search for low-energy structures of binary iron silicide over a wide range of compositions using the crystal structure prediction method based on adaptive genetic algorithm. 36 structures with formation energies within 50 meV/atom (11 of them are within 20 meV) above the convex hull formed by experimentally known stable structures are predicted. Magnetic properties of these low-energy structures are investigated. Some of these structures can be promising candidates for rare-earth-free permanent magnet.
Rev7 dimerization is important for assembly and function of the Rev1/Polζ translesion synthesis complex
Authors: Rizzo Alessandro A. , Vassel Faye-Marie , Chatterjee Nimrat , D’Souza Sanjay , Li Yunfeng , Hao Bing , Hemann Michael T. , Walker Graham C. , Korzhnev Dmitry M.
Published: August 2018

Significance

We describe a class of protein–protein interactions mediated by the HORMA (Hop1, Rev7, Mad2) dimerization interface of Rev7, a multitasking scaffolding protein involved in translesion synthesis (TLS), repair of double-strand breaks, and mitosis. Biochemical and structural analyses of Rev7 dimerization reveal an unexpected architecture of the Rev1/Polζ TLS complex, which plays a central role in replication of damaged DNA, and describe the mechanism of Rev7 interactions with HORMA proteins from other pathways. Assays in Rev7
−/−
cells complemented with mutant Rev7 provide evidence that protein–protein interactions mediated by the Rev7 HORMA interface are important for the DNA damage response. These results contribute to the structural biology of DNA replication and repair and to understanding of the important class of HORMA proteins.
Self-organized criticality and pattern emergence through the lens of tropical geometry
Authors: Kalinin N. , Guzmán-Sáenz A. , Prieto Y. , Shkolnikov M. , Kalinina V. , Lupercio E.
Published: August 2018

Significance

A simple geometric continuous model of self-organized criticality (SOC) is proposed. This model belongs to the field of tropical geometry and appears as a scaling limit of the classical sandpile model. We expect that our observation will connect the study of SOC and pattern formation to other fields (such as algebraic geometry, topology, string theory, and many practical applications) where tropical geometry has already been successfully used.
In search of New Sweden: discovering the ‘American curiosities’ of Samuel Hesselius
Authors: Manhag Andreas , Wittrock Hanna
Published: August 2018

In 1736 Samuel Hesselius, former pastor for the Swedish parishes in Pennsylvania, donated a collection of ‘American curiosities’ to Lund University in Sweden. Within less than twenty years, however, the collection had apparently disappeared. In the course of the past three decades the lost ethnographic artefacts have received increasing attention, but for a variety of reasons the collection has remained undetected – despite its importance having been highlighted by scholars from several academic fields since 1871 and despite the fact that the majority of the ethnographic artefacts ultimately turned out to have been on public display throughout this period (albeit with erroneous provenances) at the Historical Museum. Through examination of the archives and collections of Lund University, we have now been able to trace Hesselius’s ethnographic material – one of the oldest and largest collections of its kind – so that it now provides an invaluable snapshot of early eighteenth-century America.
Special delivery: scavengers direct seed dispersal towards ungulate carcasses
Authors: Steyaert S. M. J. G. , Frank S. C. , Puliti S. , Badia R. , Arnberg M. P. , Beardsley J. , Økelsrud A. , Blaalid R.
Published: August 2018

Cadaver decomposition islands around animal carcasses can facilitate establishment of various plant life. Facultative scavengers have great potential for endozoochory, and often aggregate around carcasses. Hence, they may disperse plant seeds that they ingest across the landscape towards cadaver decomposition islands. Here, we demonstrate this novel mechanism along a gradient of wild tundra reindeer carcasses. First, we show that the spatial distribution of scavenger faeces (birds and foxes) was concentrated around carcasses. Second, faeces of the predominant scavengers (corvids) commonly contained viable seeds of crowberry, a keystone species of the alpine tundra with predominantly vegetative reproduction. We suggest that cadaver decomposition islands function as endpoints for directed endozoochory by scavengers. Such a mechanism could be especially beneficial for species that rely on small-scale disturbances in soil and vegetation, such as several Nordic berry-producing species with cryptic generative reproduction.
Fluorimetric detection of reserpine in mouse serum through online post-column electrochemical derivatization
Authors: Chen Ning , Li Weixia , Wu Shuchao , Zhu Yan
Published: August 2018

A novel method combining high-performance liquid chromatography with online post-column electrochemical derivatization and fluorescence detection was established for the detection of reserpine in mouse serum. Reserpine separation was conducted using a C18 column with 5 mM H3PO4and acetonitrile (55/45, v/v) as eluent. Reserpine was then electro-oxidized into a strongly fluorescent compound using an electrolytic cell device. Detection parameters, such as potential and fluorescence wavelength, were optimized. The linearity of the proposed method ranged from 0.01 to 5.0 mg l−1with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The limit of qualification (S/N = 10) and limit of detection (S/N = 3) were 9.7 and 2.9 µg l−1, respectively. Resperine recoveries from spiked blank and drug-treated mouse serum samples ranged from 92.0 to 115%.
Preparation and characterization of fast-curing powder epoxy adhesive at middle temperature
Authors: Xu Jie , Yang Jiayao , Liu Xiaohuan , Wang Hengxu , Zhang Jingjie , Fu Shenyuan
Published: August 2018

At present, the disadvantage of powder epoxy adhesive is the limited application area. In order to widen the application range of powder epoxy adhesive from heat-resistant substrates (such as metals) to heat-sensitive substrates (such as plastic products, cardboard and wood), it is necessary to decrease the curing temperature. In this article, a series of fast-curing powder epoxy adhesives were prepared by the melt blending method with bisphenol A epoxy resin (E-20), hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as a curing agent and 2-methylimidazole (2-MI) as an accelerant. The structure and properties of the E-20/HMTA/2-MI systems were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analyser and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 2-MI added into the E-20/HMTA systems can simultaneously enhance toughness, tensile strength, glass transition temperature (
T
g
) and thermal stability in comparison with the E-20/HMTA systems. The best mechanical properties were obtained at 100/8/0.6 weight ratio of the E-20/HMTA/2-MI systems. DSC experiments revealed that the exothermic peak of the E-20/HMTA/2-MI system was about 55°C lower than that of the E-20/HMTA system. The activation energy of the cure reaction was determined by both Kissinger's and Ozawa's methods at any heating rates. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor were about 100.3 kJ mol
−1
and 3.57 × 10
11
s
−1
, respectively. According to the KAS method, the curing time of the E-20/HMTA/2-MI systems was predicted by evaluating the relationship between temperature and curing time.
Development of coating formulation with silica–titania core–shell nanoparticles against pathogenic fungus
Authors: Verma Jaya , Bhattacharya Arpita
Published: August 2018

In the present study, we developed an antifungal coating formulation using silica, titania and silica–titania core–shell nanoparticles individually. The idea behind the synthesis of core–shell nanoparticles was to use the mechanical strength of silica and the antimicrobial property of TiO
2
together. These nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, EDX, FTIR and X-ray diffraction. Silica nanoparticles of 92 nm were prepared by the sol–gel process, while TiO
2
nanoparticles and nano-core–shells were prepared through the peptization process with a size of 77 and 144 nm separately. The antifungal effect of the prepared nanoparticles was observed in potato dextrose agar media using the concentration of nanoparticles at 1 wt%. These nanoparticles were incorporated in two types of binder, polyurethane and polyacrylic, with the same concentration of nanoparticles. Coatings were applied on tiles, dried and tested against pathogenic fungus, and fungus growth reduction was observed up to 7–10 days. Coatings developed with TiO
2
nanoparticles have shown good growth reduction of pathogenic fungus, but coatings formulated with silica–titania core–shell nanoparticles killed the fungus fusarium completely and have shown around 90% growth reduction for acremonium species also.