bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoding Social Sustainability in Construction Projects: Analysis of Project Dynamics and Impact
Authors: Akhtar Junaid , Khan Khurram Iqbal Ahmad , Tahir Muhammad Bilal , Ullah Fahim , Waheed Abdul
Published: March 2024

Sustainable development (SD) is of prime importance in the present world, where resources are depleting fast and causing conflicts among nations to control essential resources. Since the construction industry (CI) consumes most of these resources, Construction Sustainability (CS) is a key focus of SD. Among the three pillars of sustainability, i.e., economic, environmental, and social, the first two have been amply addressed by researchers. However, the social aspects have been neglected or under-researched so far. The current research humbly attempts to fill this gap. Accordingly, a System Dynamics Model (SDM) has been developed to address this issue. After a comprehensive literature review, questionnaire survey, content analysis, and gathering the opinions of ten experts from CI, 11 key factors of social CS were identified. Using the system thinking approach, a causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed to assess the intensity and polarity of these factors. The CLD encompassed eight reinforcing loops and one balancing loop. Based on the CLD, an SDM was developed and simulated over 3 years. Primarily, the SDM had two stocks: “Government support for sustainable construction” and “Stakeholder awareness and knowledge”. An additional stock named “Construction Sustainability” was added to observe the combined effect of the system. The results showed that CS increased over time. The CLD and resulting SDM help in understanding the complex interaction of the social CS factors and thereby addressing the associated complexity of the effects of these varied factors on a project. Such knowledge can be valuable for anyone dealing with projects where social factors play a significant role. The proposed SDM provides a structured approach to understanding and visualizing the intricate relationships and feedback loops within a social system, aiding in more effective decision making and problem solving.
Recent Advances in Therapeutic Strategies to Improve Colorectal Cancer Treatment
Authors: Gmeiner William H.
Published: March 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. CRC mortality results almost exclusively from metastatic disease (mCRC) for which systemic chemotherapy is often a preferred therapeutic option. Biomarker-based stratification of mCRC enables the use of precision therapy based on individual tumor mutational profiles. Activating mutations in the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway downstream of EGFR signaling have, until recently, limited the use of EGFR-targeted therapies for mCRC; however, the development of anti-RAS and anti-RAF therapies together with improved strategies to limit compensatory signaling pathways is resulting in improved survival rates in several highly lethal mCRC sub-types (e.g., BRAF-mutant). The use of fluoropyrimidine (FP)-based chemotherapy regimens to treat mCRC continues to evolve contributing to improved long-term survival. Future advances in chemotherapy for mCRC will need to position development relative to the advances made in precision oncology.
A Joint Model Based on Post-Treatment Longitudinal Prognostic Nutritional Index to Predict Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Hsiao Po-Wen , Wang Yu-Ming , Wu Shao-Chun , Chen Wei-Chih , Wu Ching-Nung , Chiu Tai-Jan , Yang Yao-Hsu , Luo Sheng-Dean
Published: March 2024

Background: a low PNI in patients with NPC is linked to poor survival, but prior studies have focused on single-timepoint measurements. Our study aims to employ joint modeling to analyze longitudinal PNI data from each routine visit, exploring its relationship with overall survival. Methods: In this retrospective study using data from the Chang Gung Research Database (2007–2019), we enrolled patients with NPC undergoing curative treatment. We analyzed the correlation between patient characteristics, including the PNI, and overall survival. A joint model combining a longitudinal sub-model with a time-to-event sub-model was used to further evaluate the prognostic value of longitudinal PNI. Results: A total of 2332 patient were enrolled for the analysis. Separate survival analyses showed that longitudinal PNI was an independent indicator of a reduced mortality risk (adjusted HR 0.813; 95% CI, 0.805 to 0.821). Joint modeling confirmed longitudinal PNI as a consistent predictor of survival (HR 0.864; 95% CI, 0.850 to 0.879). An ROC analysis revealed that a PNI below 38.1 significantly increased the risk of 90-day mortality, with 90.0% sensitivity and 89.6% specificity. Conclusions: Longitudinal PNI data independently predicted the overall survival in patients with NPC, significantly forecasting 90-day survival outcomes. We recommend routine PNI assessments during each clinic visit for these patients.
Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Treatment and Management
Authors: Miwa Shinji , Wu Po-Kuei , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: March 2024

Due to the rarity and heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), investigating new treatments for this condition has been challenging [...]
Current Advanced Technologies in Catalysts/Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Sagadevan Suresh , Fatimah Is
Published: March 2024

Currently, catalysis represents an exciting research area [...]
Exploring Extracellular Matrix Crosslinking as a Therapeutic Approach to Fibrosis
Authors: Lloyd Sarah M. , He Yupeng
Published: March 2024

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for tissues and regulatory signals for resident cells. ECM requires a careful balance between protein accumulation and degradation for homeostasis. Disruption of this balance can lead to pathological processes such as fibrosis in organs across the body. Post-translational crosslinking modifications to ECM proteins such as collagens alter ECM structure and function. Dysregulation of crosslinking enzymes as well as changes in crosslinking composition are prevalent in fibrosis. Because of the crucial roles these ECM crosslinking pathways play in disease, the enzymes that govern crosslinking events are being explored as therapeutic targets for fibrosis. Here, we review in depth the molecular mechanisms underlying ECM crosslinking, how ECM crosslinking contributes to fibrosis, and the therapeutic strategies being explored to target ECM crosslinking in fibrosis to restore normal tissue structure and function.
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Tumorigenesis and Progression
Authors: Li Kexin , Deng Zhangyuzi , Lei Chunran , Ding Xiaoqing , Li Jing , Wang Changshan
Published: March 2024

Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Its involvement in cell senescence, apoptosis, and series diseases has been demonstrated. Advances in carcinogenic research have revealed oxidative stress as a pivotal pathophysiological pathway in tumorigenesis and to be involved in lung cancer, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, and so on. This review combs the effects of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis on each phase and cell fate determination, and three features are discussed. Oxidative stress takes part in the processes ranging from tumorigenesis to tumor death via series pathways and processes like mitochondrial stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ferroptosis. It can affect cell fate by engaging in the complex relationships between senescence, death, and cancer. The influence of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis and progression is a multi-stage interlaced process that includes two aspects of promotion and inhibition, with mitochondria as the core of regulation. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the effects of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis is conducive to exploring more tumor therapies.
Examining the Relationship between Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index and Disease Severity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Nicoară Delia-Maria , Munteanu Andrei-Ioan , Scutca Alexandra-Cristina , Brad Giorgiana-Flavia , Jugănaru Iulius , Bugi Meda-Ada , Asproniu Raluca , Mărginean Otilia
Published: March 2024

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), the leading childhood rheumatic condition, has a chronic course in which persistent disease activity leads to long-term consequences. In the era of biologic therapy and tailored treatment, precise disease activity assessment and aggressive intervention for high disease activity are crucial for improved outcomes. As inflammation is a fundamental aspect of JIA, evaluating it reflects disease severity. Recently, there has been growing interest in investigating cellular immune inflammation indices such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) as measures of disease severity. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the potential of the SII in reflecting both inflammation and disease severity in children with JIA. The study comprised 74 JIA patients and 50 healthy controls. The results reveal a notable increase in median SII values corresponding to disease severity, exhibiting strong correlations with traditional inflammatory markers, including CRP and ESR (ρ = 0.714, ρ = 0.661), as well as the JADAS10 score (ρ = 0.690). Multiple regression analysis revealed the SII to be independently associated with JADAS10. Furthermore, the SII accurately distinguished patients with high disease activity from other severity groups (AUC = 0.827, sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 66%). These findings suggest that integrating the SII as an additional measure holds potential for assessing disease activity in JIA.
Amygdalin Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Restricting Cell Death and Inflammatory Response, Maintaining the Intestinal Barrier, and Modulating Intestinal Flora
Authors: Xu Dianwen , Xie Yachun , Cheng Ji , He Dewei , Liu Juxiong , Fu Shoupeng , Hu Guiqiu
Published: March 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a cluster of intractable gastrointestinal disorders with an undetermined etiology and a lack of effective therapeutic agents. Amygdalin (Amy) is a glycoside extracted from the seeds of apricot and other Rosaceae plants and it exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties. Here, the effects and mechanisms of Amy on colitis were examined via 16S rRNA sequencing, ELISA, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The results showed that Amy administration remarkably attenuated the signs of colitis (reduced body weight, increased disease activity index, and shortened colon length) and histopathological damage in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-challenged mice. Further studies revealed that Amy administration significantly diminished DSS-triggered gut barrier dysfunction by lowering pro-inflammatory mediator levels, inhibiting oxidative stress, and reducing intestinal epithelial apoptosis and ferroptosis. Notably, Amy administration remarkably lowered DSS-triggered TLR4 expression and the phosphorylation of proteins related to the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Furthermore, Amy administration modulated the balance of intestinal flora, including a selective rise in the abundance of S24-7 and a decline in the abundance of Allobaculum, Oscillospira, Bacteroides, Sutterella, and Shigella. In conclusion, Amy can alleviate colitis, which provides data to support the utility of Amy in combating IBD.
Tuning Co/Ni Ratio in Co–Ni Bimetallic Hybrid for Electrochemical Detection of Glucose
Authors: Zeng Junyi , Yang Yanting , Lei Xiaoyu , Deng Jinan , Hu Ning , Yang Jun
Published: March 2024

Transition metallic binary alloys have attracted enormous attention in regard to the non-enzymatic detection of glucose due to their high electrocatalytic activities induced by the synergistic effect between the individual metallic species. However, the easy aggregation of the bimetallic particles has limited their performance. Herein, a facile metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived strategy is developed to synthesize a hybrid containing binary Co–Ni nanoparticles decorated on an N-doped porous carbon matrix (CoxNiy/N-C) for the non-enzymatic detection of glucose. The Co/Ni ratio in the hybrid is investigated to regulate its electrocatalytic behaviors for glucose sensing. A hybrid with the optimal Co/Ni ratio of 1:1 displays two linear detection ranges (0.5 µM to 1 mM and 1 mM to 10 mM) with a detection limit of 0.11 µM for glucose. The feasibility of using this hybrid-modified SPE for glucose detection in real serum samples has also been validated.
Pediatric Patients with Osteomyelitis and/or Septic Joint Undergoing Surgical Debridement Have Equivalent Short-Term Outcomes with or without Preoperative MRI
Authors: Englert E. Graham , Braithwaite Collin L. , Aguirre-Flores Maria E. , Lam Aaron W. , Sarraj Mohamed , Kumagai Abigail , Bednar E. Dimitra , Gordon Adam M. , Salama Ibrahim , Keeley Jacob , Pathak Indu , Kishta Waleed , Thabet Ahmed M. , Abdelgawad Amr , Saleh Ehab
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine if short-term outcomes differed for pediatric patients with suspected musculoskeletal infection with or without a preoperative MRI. This was a multicenter, retrospective review of patients aged 0–16 years who presented with atraumatic extremity pain, underwent irrigation and debridement (I&D), and received at least one preoperative or postoperative MRI over a 10-year period. Primary outcomes were time to OR, total I&Ds, readmission rate, time from OR to discharge, and total number of MRIs. Secondary outcomes entailed the rate at which concurrent osteomyelitis was identified in patients with septic arthritis and the extent of the resulting surgical debridement. Of the 104 patients, 72.1% had a preoperative MRI. Patients with a preoperative MRI were significantly less likely to have surgery on the day of admission. No difference was found between groups regarding total I&Ds, readmission rate, time from OR to discharge, and total number of MRIs. Of the 57 patients diagnosed with septic arthritis, those with a preoperative MRI were significantly more likely to have concurrent osteomyelitis identified and to undergo bony debridement in addition to arthrotomy of the joint. In conclusion, patient outcomes are not adversely affected by obtaining a preoperative MRI despite the delay in time to OR. Although preoperative MRI can be beneficial in ruling out other pathologies and identifying the extent of concurrent osteomyelitis, the decision to obtain a preoperative MRI and timing of surgery should be left to the discretion of the treating surgeon.
Effects of an Educational Intervention Program on Positional Cranial Deformity in Premature Infants
Authors: Mosca-Hayler Alexandra , López-Schmidt Daniela , Curotto-Noce Romina , Cuevas-Aburto Jorge , Vásquez-Gómez Jaime , Durán-Agüero Samuel , Borja González Juana , Diaz-Martínez Ximena , Zapata-Lamana Rafael , Parra-Rizo María Antonia , Cigarroa Igor
Published: March 2024

Positional cranial deformities are associated with prematurity evolving during the first 2 years of life due to the malleable characteristics of the skull, the first year being the main/primary therapeutic window for intervention. The objectives were (a) to describe health characteristics, peri- and postnatal pathologies, and positional cranial deformities in infants enrolled in an early intervention program and (b) to analyze the effects of a parent education-based intervention program on positional cranial deformity in premature infants. A quantitative, analytical, longitudinal study was conducted. It included 103 premature infants enrolled in an early intervention program (EIP) during the year 2017, all under 4 months of corrected age, to whom a parent education-based intervention program was applied. Cranial circumference, cranial width, diagonals, and anteroposterior diameter were measured, and the cranial asymmetry index (CAI) and cephalic index (CI) were calculated at baseline and during two subsequent evaluations separated by a 3-month period. The main results showed that 75.7% of the infants belonged to a very premature gestational age category, and 57.3% had an adequate weight for gestational age. The most frequent pathologies were premature jaundice, premature anemia, and hyaline membrane disease. The most frequent positional cranial deformity was plagiocephaly. The parent education-based intervention program resulted in (1) a significant decrease in the CAI and a significant increase in the IC, (2) plagiocephalies: an increase in the mild category and a decrease in the moderate + severe categories, (3) brachycephalies: a decrease in the absence category and an increase in the moderate + severe category, and (4) dolichocephalies: an increase in the absence category and a decrease in the mild category. In conclusion, the recommended first line of intervention was not enough for this population, and future studies should support the development of national clinical guidelines, where education is complemented with other therapeutic measures.
Superhydrophobic Materials from Waste: Innovative Approach
Authors: Cannio Maria , Boccaccini Dino Norberto , Caporali Stefano , Taurino Rosa
Published: March 2024

Superhydrophobic materials, known for their exceptional water-repellent properties, have found widespread applications in diverse fields such as self-cleaning surfaces, anti-icing coatings, and water-resistant textiles. In recent years, researchers have explored a sustainable approach by repurposing waste materials to create superhydrophobic surfaces. This eco-friendly approach not only reduces environmental impact but also aligns with circular economy principles, contributing to a more sustainable future. Creating superhydrophobic materials from waste involves a combination of surface modification techniques and hierarchical structuring, with rigorous characterization to ensure the desired properties. These materials showcase their potential in various industries, opening doors to more environmentally friendly technologies. This review delves into the concept of superhydrophobic materials derived from waste and the methods used for their synthesis. It begins by defining superhydrophobicity and highlighting its unique characteristics. It emphasizes the pivotal role played by superhydrophobic materials across industries. The review then explores waste materials’ untapped potential, discussing the advantages of harnessing waste for superhydrophobic material development. Concrete examples of promising waste materials are provided, including agricultural residues and industrial byproducts. The review outlines five key sections that will be further developed to offer a comprehensive understanding of this innovative and sustainable approach to superhydrophobic materials.
Reducing Fossil Fuel Dependence and Exploring Just Energy Transition Pathways in Indonesia Using OSeMOSYS (Open-Source Energy Modelling System)
Authors: Hersaputri Laksmita Dwi , Yeganyan Rudolf , Cannone Carla , Plazas-Niño Fernando , Osei-Owusu Simone , Kountouris Yiannis , Howells Mark
Published: March 2024

Indonesia’s commitment to the Paris Agreement and its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is not adequately reflected in the significant CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel-intensive energy sectors, despite the enormous potential of renewable energy sources in the country. The ongoing coal regime has led to electricity oversupply and air pollution problems. Despite the huge challenges for Indonesia, a just energy transition away from fossil fuel is crucial. This study aims to explore the ideal energy mix and key emission reduction pathway in Indonesia in achieving a just energy transition using the least-cost optimisation energy modelling tool OSeMOSYS. Six scenarios are modelled over the period 2015–2050 including coal phase-out, NDC, the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), and carbon tax implementation. The results highlight that solar power, geothermal power, and hydropower are the alternatives for coal decommissioning. Despite the large-scale investment in renewable energy under the NDC and JETP scenarios, emissions could be reduced by 55% and 52%, respectively, by 2050. Moreover, Indonesia’s current carbon tax rate will not lead to a significant emission reduction. Three recommended policies include (1) accelerating CFPP retirement; (2) imposing an aggressive carbon tax rate; (3) prioritising investment in solar technologies.
Enhanced Surface Immunomodification of Engineered Hydrogel Materials through Chondrocyte Modulation for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yao Jiapei , Huo Zhennan , Xu Jie , Shang Jingjing , Weng Yiping , Xu Dongmei , Liu Ting , Huang Yong , Zhou Xindie
Published: March 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation, with chondrocytes playing a pivotal role in this disease. However, inflammatory mediators, mechanical stress, and oxidative stress can compromise functionality. The occurrence and progression of OA are intrinsically linked to the immune response. Current research on the treatment of OA mainly concentrates on the synergistic application of drugs and tissue engineering. The surface of engineered hydrogel materials can be immunomodified to affect the function of chondrocytes in drug therapy, gene therapy, and cell therapy. Prior studies have concentrated on the drug-loading function of hydrogels but overlooked the immunomodulatory role of chondrocytes. These modifications can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, reduce the inflammatory response, and promote cartilage regeneration. The surface immunomodification of engineered hydrogel materials can significantly enhance their efficacy in the treatment of OA. Thus, immunomodulatory tissue engineering has significant potential for treating osteoarthritis.
Boundary Layer Stagnation Point Flow and Heat Transfer over a Nonlinear Stretching/Shrinking Sheet in Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes: Numerical Analysis and Response Surface Methodology under the Influence of Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Samat Nazrul Azlan Abdul , Bachok Norfifah , Arifin Norihan Md
Published: March 2024

The present study aims to offer new numerical solutions and optimisation strategies for the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviour at a stagnation point through a nonlinear sheet that is expanding or contracting in water-based hybrid nanofluids. Most hybrid nanofluids typically use metallic nanoparticles. However, we deliver a new approach by combining single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-MWCNTs). The flow is presumptively steady, laminar, and surrounded by a constant temperature of the ambient and body walls. By using similarity variables, a model of partial differential equations (PDEs) with the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect on the momentum equation is converted into a model of non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then, the dimensionless first-order ODEs are solved numerically using the MATLAB R2022b bvp4C program. In order to explore the range of computational solutions and physical quantities, several dimensionless variables are manipulated, including the magnetic parameter, the stretching/shrinking parameter, and the volume fraction parameters of hybrid and mono carbon nanotubes. To enhance the originality and effectiveness of this study for practical applications, we optimise the heat transfer coefficient via the response surface methodology (RSM). We apply a face-centred central composite design (CCF) and perform the CCF using Minitab. All of our findings are presented and illustrated in tabular and graphic form. We have made notable contributions in the disciplines of mathematical analysis and fluid dynamics. From our observations, we find that multiple solutions appear when the magnetic parameter is less than 1. We also detect double solutions in the shrinking region. Furthermore, the increase in the magnetic parameter and SWCNTs-MWCNTs volume fraction parameter increases both the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number. To compare the performance of hybrid nanofluids and mono nanofluids, we note that hybrid nanofluids work better than single nanofluids both in skin friction and heat transfer coefficients.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques and Pedigree Charts in Oncogenetics: Towards an Experimental Multioutput Software System for Digitization and Risk Prediction
Authors: Conte Luana , Rizzo Emanuele , Grassi Tiziana , Bagordo Francesco , De Matteis Elisabetta , De Nunzio Giorgio
Published: March 2024

Pedigree charts remain essential in oncological genetic counseling for identifying individuals with an increased risk of developing hereditary tumors. However, this valuable data source often remains confined to paper files, going unused. We propose a computer-aided detection/diagnosis system, based on machine learning and deep learning techniques, capable of the following: (1) assisting genetic oncologists in digitizing paper-based pedigree charts, and in generating new digital ones, and (2) automatically predicting the genetic predisposition risk directly from these digital pedigree charts. To the best of our knowledge, there are no similar studies in the current literature, and consequently, no utilization of software based on artificial intelligence on pedigree charts has been made public yet. By incorporating medical images and other data from omics sciences, there is also a fertile ground for training additional artificial intelligence systems, broadening the software predictive capabilities. We plan to bridge the gap between scientific advancements and practical implementation by modernizing and enhancing existing oncological genetic counseling services. This would mark the pioneering development of an AI-based application designed to enhance various aspects of genetic counseling, leading to improved patient care and advancements in the field of oncogenetics.
Analyzing the MHD Bioconvective Eyring–Powell Fluid Flow over an Upright Cone/Plate Surface in a Porous Medium with Activation Energy and Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Peter Francis , Sambath Paulsamy , Dhanasekaran Seshathiri
Published: March 2024

In the field of heat and mass transfer applications, non-Newtonian fluids are potentially considered to play a very important role. This study examines the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bioconvective Eyring–Powell fluid flow on a permeable cone and plate, considering the viscous dissipation (0.3 ≤ Ec ≤0.7), the uniform heat source/sink (−0.1 ≤ Q0 ≤ 0.1), and the activation energy (−1 ≤ E1 ≤ 1). The primary focus of this study is to examine how MHD and porosity impact heat and mass transfer in a fluid with microorganisms. A similarity transformation (ST) changes the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The Keller Box (KB) finite difference method solves these equations. Our findings demonstrate that adding MHD (0.5 ≤ M ≤ 0.9) and porosity (0.3 ≤ Γ ≤ 0.7) effects improves microbial diffusion, boosting the rates of mass and heat transfer. Our comparison of our findings to prior studies shows that they are reliable.
Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical and Thermal Properties of Crystalline Materials
Authors: Khitouni Mohamed , Suñol Joan-Josep
Published: March 2024

This Special Issue entitled “Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical and Thermal Properties of Crystalline Materials” is devoted to a general overview of the subject of crystalline materials and may extend to the nanocrystalline field [...]
A Set of Ground Penetrating Radar Measures from Quarries
Authors: Bonduà Stefano , Monteiro Klen André , Pilone Massimiliano , Asimopolos Laurentiu , Asimopolos Natalia-Silvia
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a set of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data obtained from in situ measurements conducted in four ornamental stone quarries located in Italy (Botticino quarry) and Romania (Ruschita, Carpinis, and Pietroasa quarries). The GPR is a Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) technique that enables the detection and localization of fractures without damage to the surface, among other capabilities. In this study, two instruments of ground-coupled GPR were used to detect and locate the fractures, discontinuities, or weakened zones. The GPR data contains radargrams for discontinuities and fracture detection, besides the geographic location of the measures. For each measurement site, a set of radargrams has been acquired in two orthogonal directions, allowing for a 3D reconstruction of the investigated site.
Spontaneous Fistula and Abdominal Wall Endometriosis Due to Occult Existence of Unicornuate Right Uterus with Rudimentary Non-Communicating Functioning Left Horn
Authors: Cruciat Gheorghe , Staicu Adelina , Florian Andreea , Nemeti Georgiana , Sachelaru Diana , Andras David , Muresan Daniel
Published: March 2024

Accurate diagnosis of Müllerian duct anomalies (MDA) remains a clinical challenge even by direct surgical inspection. Although obstetrical complications are more frequent in women with MDA, some subtypes allow normal reproduction, further delaying the diagnosis. Unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary non-communicating functioning horn is a rare form of MDA, susceptible to many gynecologic and obstetric complications such as miscarriages, premature birth, hematosalpinx, endometriosis, and chronic pelvic pain. We present an entire case pictorial assay including preoperative imaging as well as the surgical correction of the uterine anomaly and the associated complication of an occult unicornuate right uterus with rudimentary non-communicating functioning left horn (Class U4aC0V0/ European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology/European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Classification) and its natural evolution following a previous incomplete surgical treatment. The patient had an emergency left adnexectomy for hematosalpinx and ovarian endometrioma at her local county hospital. After five years, the patient presented with severe dysmenorrhea and abdominal endometriosis due to blocked retrograde menstruation from a rudimentary, non-communicating functioning horn. Surgical treatment with the resection of the rudimentary uterine horn, together with the abdominal wall endometriosis lesions, was carried out with good outcomes.
Dynamic Perviousness Predicts Revascularization Success in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bertalan Gergely , Duparc Roxane , Krepuska Miklos , Toth Daniel , Madjidyar Jawid , Thurner Patrick , Schubert Tilman , Kulcsar Zsolt
Published: March 2024

Background: The predictive value of thrombus perviousness in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as measured by computed tomography (CT), has been intensively studied with conflicting results. In this study, we investigate the predictive potential of the novel concept of dynamic perviousness using three-dimensional (3D) volumetric evaluation of occlusive thrombi. Methods: The full thrombus volume in 65 patients with a hyperdense artery sign on non-contrast CT (NCCT), who underwent mechanical thrombectomy (MT), was segmented. Perviousness maps were computed voxel-wise for the entire thrombus volume as thrombus attenuation increase (TAI) between NCCT and CT angiography (CTA) as well as between CTA and late venous phase CT (CTV). Perviousness was analyzed for its association with NIHSS at admission, Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score, and number of MT passes. Results: The mean late-uptake TAI of thrombi with NIHSS scores greater than 21 at admission was approximately 100% higher than for lower scored NIHSS (p between 0.05 and 0.005). Concerning revascularization results, thrombi requiring less than four MT passes had ca. 80% higher group mean late-uptake TAI than clots requiring four or more passes (p = 0.03), and thrombi with TICI score III had ca. 95% higher group mean late-uptake TAI than thrombi with TICI II (p = 0.03). Standard perviousness showed no significant correlation with MT results. Conclusion: Standard thrombus perviousness of 3D clot volume is not associated with revascularization results in AIS. In contrast, dynamic perviousness assessed with a voxel-wise characterization of 3D thrombi volume may be a better predictor of MT outcomes than standard perviousness.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Gastric Underwater Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Park Seon Young , Kim Jin Won , Kim Hyun Soo
Published: March 2024

Gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, necessitates effective and early detection and treatment strategies. Endoscopic resection techniques, particularly endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), have evolved significantly, enhancing the treatment of gastric neoplasms. Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is a widely used technique for the resection of duodenal and colorectal neoplasms. However, the feasibility and efficacy of UEMR in the stomach are not well established. This retrospective observational study, conducted at a tertiary medical center, evaluated the efficacy and safety of UEMR in 81 patients with gastric neoplasms. Thus, it indicates that UEMR is a highly effective and safe technique for managing small to medium-sized gastric neoplasms, achieving 100% en bloc and 93.8% R0 resection rates with a low incidence of complications. Moreover, the procedure time was found to be significantly shorter for UEMR compared to ESD, thus highlighting its efficiency. While UEMR demonstrates high safety and efficacy, it is not suitable for all patients, with some requiring conversion to ESD as a treatment option. Despite the promising results, broader validation through extensive and randomized trials is recommended to establish UEMR as a standard approach in gastric cancer management.
Bilateral Renal Ectopia—Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Gică Nicolae , Apostol Livia Mihaela , Huluță Iulia , Gică Corina , Vayna Ana Maria , Panaitescu Anca Maria , Gana Nicoleta
Published: March 2024

This report explores the diverse spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), ranging from asymptomatic presentations to the most severe form characterized by bilateral renal agenesis. Genitourinary anomalies, a prevalent subset within this domain, account for a significant proportion, constituting 15–20% of anomalies identified during prenatal screening. An ectopic kidney is defined by the presence of an empty renal fossa and the displacement of the kidney from the lumbar region to alternative locations, with the pelvic region emerging as the most prevalent site. The reported case involves bilateral renal ectopia with unilateral duplex kidney. Initial suspicions of a renal anomaly arose during the first trimester, leading to a definitive diagnosis in the second trimester. The patient underwent regular monitoring every four weeks, ultimately delivering a healthy baby at term. This case underscores the frequency of renal anomalies, emphasizing that a considerable proportion remains asymptomatic. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of congenital renal anomalies, their varied manifestations, and the importance of vigilant prenatal screening for early detection and management.
Insights into the Relationship between Periodontitis and Systemic Sclerosis Based on the New Periodontitis Classification (2018): A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ciurea Andreea , Stanomir Alina , Șurlin Petra , Micu Iulia , Pamfil Cristina , Leucuța Daniel , Rednic Simona , Rasperini Giulio , Soancă Andrada , Țigu Adrian , Roman Alexandra , Picoș Andrei , Delean Ada
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: This study aimed to assess the periodontitis burden in systemic sclerosis patients and the possible association between them, and the degree to which some potential risk factors and two potential diagnostic biomarkers may account for this association. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study included a test group (systemic sclerosis patients) and a control group (non-systemic sclerosis patients). Both groups benefited from medical, periodontal examination and saliva sampling to determine the salivary flow rate and two inflammatory biomarkers (calprotectin, psoriasin). A systemic sclerosis severity scale was established. (3) Results: In the studied groups, comparable periodontitis rates of 88.68% and 85.85%, respectively, were identified. There were no significant differences in the severity of periodontitis among different systemic sclerosis severity, or in the positivity for anti-centromere and anti-SCL70 antibodies. Musculoskeletal lesions were significantly more common in stage III/IV periodontitis (n = 33, 86.84%) than in those in stage I/II (n = 1, 100%, and n = 3, 37.5%, respectively) (p = 0.007). Comparable levels of the inflammatory mediators were displayed by the two groups. There were no significant differences in calprotectin and psoriasin levels between diffuse and limited forms of systemic sclerosis. (4) Conclusions: Within the limitations of the current study, no associations between systemic sclerosis and periodontitis, or between their risk factors, could be proven.
A Comparative Study of Shade-Matching Reproducibility Using an Intraoral Scanner and a Spectrophotometer
Authors: Floriani Franciele , Jurado Carlos A. , Abuhammoud Salahaldeen , Vargas Marcos , Fischer Nicholas G. , Rojas-Rueda Silvia , Lopes Guilherme Carpena
Published: March 2024

Background: We compared the repeatability of the shade determination of resin composite restorations and acrylic teeth in light and darker shades at baseline and after an aging process through two digital tooth color-matching methods: using a Trios 3Shape intraoral scanner and using a Vita Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer. Material and Methods: Forty upper central incisor acrylic teeth in the shade A1 (n = 10) and A3 (n = 10) were randomly assigned to be restored with Filtek Bulk Fill in the shade A1 (n = 10) or A3 (n = 10). Subsequently, 20 Class V cavities were prepared in a standardized manner (mesio-distal = 3.0 mm, cervical–occlusal = 2.0 mm, depth = 1.5 mm). Cavities were restored using an universal adhesive system and resin composite in two increments and were light-cured. The shade difference between the resin composite Class V restorations in acrylic teeth of the A1 and A3 shades was evaluated at baseline and after aging. Aging was simulated using ultraviolet light for 120 h. An Easyshade device and an intraoral scanner were used under D65 illumination. Measurements were taken five times, on top of the restoration and on the acrylic teeth, in a randomized manner. Results: Data analysis was on the calculation of the arithmetic mean for the percentage of repeatability conducted by the Trios scanner and the Easyshade device. There was no statistically significant comparison between the shade measurement devices (p > 0.05). At baseline, the repeatability for both the Trios intraoral scanner and the Vita Easyshade Compact device for artificial teeth in the shades A1 and A3 was 100%. After aging, the trueness recorded by the intraoral scanner and the Easyshade device for artificial teeth in the shade A1 was 80%. For Class V restoration with shade A1, the intraoral scanner recorded 80% trueness and the Easyshade device recorded 60% trueness at baseline. For shade A3, the intraoral scanner recorded 60% trueness and the Easyshade device recorded 60% trueness. Conclusions: The intraoral scanner and Easyshade device are reliable for baseline shade selection, but their accuracy decreases after aging, particularly for darker shades.
Mobile Application-Based Support for Periodontal Treatment Improves Clinical, Cognitive, and Psychomotor Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Hartono Valdy , Setiadharma Yoga , Rizany Aurelle Khadeeja , Sulijaya Benso , Lessang Robert , Haerani Natalina , Tadjoedin Ette S. , Masulili Sri Lelyati C. , Tadjoedin Fatimah Maria , Soeroso Yuniarti , Lachica Marie Rossini Carmela T.
Published: March 2024

This study aims to evaluate the clinical, cognitive, and psychomotor changes that emerged among patients with gingivitis and patients with periodontitis via mobile application assistance. Forty subjects were randomly and evenly distributed into test and control groups and were administered a professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) procedure. The clinical parameters examined were bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and the oral hygiene index (OHI-S). The test group was administered a mobile application intervention, namely PerioUICare, which provided users with continuous education and motivation and served as a daily dental hygiene reminder. The comparative results of the mean values of all parameters between the groups (inter-group) and within the groups (intra-group) after one- and three-month evaluations were analyzed. A one-month inter-group evaluation uncovered significant differences in the BoP, PPD, cognitive, and psychomotor scores of subjects with gingivitis and the BoP, OHI-S, cognitive, and psychomotor scores of subjects with periodontitis. A three-month inter-group evaluation revealed significant differences across all parameters except for PPD in subjects with periodontitis. The results of the intra-group comparison demonstrated statistically significant differences in all parameters in the test group but no significant differences in the cognitive and psychomotor scores of the control group. This study revealed that mobile application-based support for periodontal treatment can be considered effective.
Prevention of Dental Caries: A Review on the Improvements of Toothpaste Formulations from 1900 to 2023
Authors: Unterbrink Patrick , Schulze zur Wiesche Erik , Meyer Frederic , Fandrich Pascal , Amaechi Bennett T. , Enax Joachim
Published: March 2024

Modern toothpastes are complex formulations with various ingredients. The aim of this study was to analyze the improvement of toothpaste formulations from 1900 to 2023 focusing on active ingredients with remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, and to discuss their influence on caries prevention. For this, worldwide patent applications were searched using the international database Espacenet from the European Patent Office. Additionally, toothpaste products were searched using the Mintel product database from 1996 to 2023. The searched ingredients were (in alphabetical order): calcium carbonate, calcium phosphates, hydrated silica, sodium fluoride, sodium lauryl sulfate, triclosan, xylitol, and zinc salts as they are known from the scientific literature to be remineralizing or antibacterial/antiplaque agents. It was shown that the number of patent applications containing these ingredients significantly increased since the 1970s. As these ingredients have remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, they all can contribute to caries prevention. In conclusion, and within the limitations of this approach, this study shows that toothpaste formulations have greatly improved over the past decades by using various active anticaries ingredients.
Special Issue on Intelligent Image Processing and Sensing for Drones
Authors: Yeom Seokwon
Published: March 2024

Recently, the use of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for various purposes has been increasing [...]
Dynamical Analysis of an Improved Bidirectional Immunization SIR Model in Complex Network
Authors: Han Shixiang , Yan Guanghui , Pei Huayan , Chang Wenwen
Published: March 2024

In order to investigate the impact of two immunization strategies—vaccination targeting susceptible individuals to reduce their infection rate and clinical medical interventions targeting infected individuals to enhance their recovery rate—on the spread of infectious diseases in complex networks, this study proposes a bilinear SIR infectious disease model that considers bidirectional immunization. By analyzing the conditions for the existence of endemic equilibrium points, we derive the basic reproduction numbers and outbreak thresholds for both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. The epidemic model is then reconstructed and extensively analyzed using continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) methods. This analysis includes the investigation of transition probabilities, transition rate matrices, steady-state distributions, and the transition probability matrix based on the embedded chain. In numerical simulations, a notable concordance exists between the outcomes of CTMC and mean-field (MF) simulations, thereby substantiating the efficacy of the CTMC model. Moreover, the CTMC-based model adeptly captures the inherent stochastic fluctuation in the disease transmission, which is consistent with the mathematical properties of Markov chains. We further analyze the relationship between the system’s steady-state infection density and the immunization rate through MCS. The results suggest that the infection density decreases with an increase in the immunization rate among susceptible individuals. The current research results will enhance our understanding of infectious disease transmission patterns in real-world scenarios, providing valuable theoretical insights for the development of epidemic prevention and control strategies.
Approaches to a New Regional Energy Security Model in the Perspective of the European Transition to Green Energy
Authors: Man Otilia Rica , Radu Riana Iren , Mihai Iuliana Oana , Enache Cristina Maria , David Sofia , Moisescu Florentina , Ibinceanu Mihaela Cristina Onica , Zlati Monica Laura
Published: March 2024

The EU energy sector became a very important one as a result of the war in Ukraine. On the other hand, the EU started in defining and implementing new strategies regarding green economy and sustainability. Even though these strategies cover short and medium periods, they have as a main goal the decrease in the EU’s dependence of energy imports. This research is focused on present challenges, risks, and uncertainties related to energy production and consumption in all EU member states. In order to achieve the research objectives, a huge statistical database, which covered 2012–2021, was used. The analysis is based on specific indicators regarding primary energy production; imports and exports; gross available energy; final energy consumption; non-energy consumption; energy dependency; and energy intensity. There are at least three research procedures used in this paper: a meta-analysis, a statistical analysis, and an econometric analysis, as well. Finally, the analysis points out the disparities between member states regarding energetic resources and energy dependency using a new model for quantifying risk factors in the European energy system. Moreover, new public policies are proposed by the authors under a cluster approach of the EU’s regions.