bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/228
Authors:   Research scholar, Department of Islamic Studies, Federal Urdu University, Karachi., Khan Karim
Published: September 2021

Change and development started with the creation of universe and human being. The society got developed and advanced, depended on the experiences of man in the past, environmental situation, relations with all other species around him etc. The culture and civilization also developed with the passage of time. The man could not decide with justice even with his full understanding of the of problems and situation. On the eve of unsuccessful approach of human being towards such problems and their solutions / decisions, Almighty Allah guided the human being through His messengers. The purpose of their (Prophets-pbut) being was to make favourable and justful approach to the problems faced by the man as an individual as well as in society. The culture and civilization is infact the progressive shape of man made cultures having all the past experiences of social life confronted by him in the past. Islamic civilization considers all the elements essential to effectuate the living of humanbeing. The concept of life, the purpose of life, the beliefs & thoughts, the involvement of man, the collective structure of the society etc are the basic elements of Islamic culture & civilization. Cultures & Civilizations are formulated on three major factors, i.e. Geographical, Biological and Ideological factors. Culture and Civilization also require moral groundings on which the rites and rituals are formulated and performed by all the members of the society. The purpose of Islamic civilization is ‘Peace’ and ‘Tranquility’ for the humans in this world and in the Hereafter. Therefore, the characteristics of Islamic culture & civilization are; the oneness of God, brotherhood, justice & goodwell, respect, cleanliness, moral character and freedom. Islamic culture and civilization guarranttee success for the human being in this material world and in the life after death.
BIO-SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES FOR IMPROVING SOIL HEALTH INDEX
Authors: Malik Suruchi , Kanaujia Anil
Published: September 2021

As the anthropogenic activities are increasing day by day, the environmental pollution has also been rising. The continuous disposal and improper treatment of domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastes is highly toxic and has emerged as a serious pollution threat which is jeopardizing the environment & human health. Soil contamination is referred to as the accumulation in the soil of persistent harmful substances, chemical compounds, radioactive wastes, salts, or pathogens that have a negative impact on biological systems. Bioremediation is a waste management technique that includes the use of living organisms to eradicate or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. Other processes use plants, earthworms and biochar to attenuate the toxicity of contaminants.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION LEVEL OF COMMUNICATION MEDIA IN IMPROVED CULTIVATION PRACTICES OF PULSES BY THE FARMERS OF PURNIA DISTRICT IN BIHAR
Authors: Kumar Satyajeet , Jahanara Jahanara , Bose D.K.
Published: September 2021

The present study is an attempt to assess the socio-economic characteristics and utilization level of communication media in improved cultivation practices of pulses by the farmers of Purnia district in Bihar. Pulse cultivation is not prominent in this area however a large no. of farmers cultivate leguminous crop, due to availability of information or communication channel farmers were receiving proper information about practices. Primary data from 120 farmers were collected through face to face interviews. Descriptive research design had been used for the present study. Random and Purposive sampling had been used for the present study Farmers had a highest utilization in Friend, neighbor and relatives (83.34%), Followed by radio whose utilization percentage by farmers were 75%. 48.33% of farmers had Medium level of utilization Followed by 29.16% of farmers had high level utilization about improved cultivation practices of pulses.
PRESENT STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION: A STUDY ON THREE UPAZILAS OF PANCHAGARH DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Milufarzana Milufarzana , Prianka Hasna Hena , Banu Selina , Fahmida Maisha , Tapu Farha Anjum
Published: September 2021

Nowadays in Bangladesh, farm mechanization is one of the major cause of change in agricultural sector. Due to labor shortage and high wage rate of labor, farmers are compelled to accept farm mechanization. The purpose of the study was to assess the modern agricultural technologies used in Panchagarh district and develop statistical information. The study period was from August 2019 to October 2019. For this study, three places such as Panchagarh Sadar, Boda and Debiganj were selected. Present status was analyzed based on irrigation management system, tillage practices, insect control practices, harvesting and post-harvesting operation, drying and storage facilities for rice production. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the information’s of machinery used in selected places. The study revealed that irrigation, land preparation and crop protection was almost mechanized, but mechanization is still lacking in harvesting operation. There were no transplanter, seed drill and fertilizer applicator found in the study areas used by farmers. Crops were still dried through sun drying storage was done by the traditional storage technologies. It is a fact that mechanization is in progress in these areas but need more extension work with modern machineries. The government should develop proper planning by investigating present status of mechanization and improve the present condition by increasing machinery utilization.
Knowledge of Potato Growers About Improved Potato Production Technology in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya
Authors: Lyngkhoi Aibanroy , Bose Dipak Kumar , Jahanara Jahanara
Published: September 2021

The study was conducted in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya to measure the knowledge level of potato growers about improved production technology. A total number of 120 respondents were selected randomly from ten villages under Mylliem block because productivity, production and area under potato cultivation were found to be maximum. The data were collected by personnel interview method by using pre- tested interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out the meaningful results. The findings of the study revealed that majority (61.67%) of the respondents belonged to the middle- aged group, 67.50 per cent of the respondents mainly depended on agriculture as their main occupation and 47.50 per cent of the respondents had an educational attainment up to primary level. The findings also revealed that majority (50.83%) of the respondents had medium level of knowledge towards improved potato production technology followed by 30% and 19.17% of the respondents with low and high levels of knowledge respectively.
KNOWLEDGE AND ADOPTION BEHAVIOUR OF FARMERS TOWARDS IMPROVED TOMATO PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN SONBHADRA DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH
Authors: Ansari Javed Akhtar , Bose Dipak Kumar , Jahanara Jahanara
Published: September 2021

India being a sub-tropical country, ideal for fruit and vegetable production and stands as second largest producer of vegetable. Tomato is the most cultivating vegetable crop in Uttar Pradesh but to ensure food security and to impart the new technology to farmers, the knowledge, attitude and adoption level of farmers should be studied. Thus, the present study was formulated in Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh. Four villages were selected from Ghorwal taluk, 30 respondents from 4 villages constitutes the respondents. Primary data collected from the respondents were analysed with appropriate statistical tools. It can be inferred that majority of the respondents were middle aged, illiterate, had agriculture as their main occupation, possess below 1 hectare of land holding, had 3-10 years of experience in tomato cultivation and farming with medium level of mass media exposure, risk taking ability and progressiveness; earns medium level of annual income. Meanwhile, most of them had medium level of knowledge, attitude and adoption. Whereas, socio-economic characteristics like age, education, mass media exposure, annual income, farming experience and progressiveness had positive and significant association with the knowledge and attitude level of respondents.
IMPACT OF KVK IN DOUBLING FARMERS INCOME IN SITAPUR DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH
Authors: Yadav Ritesh Kumar , Jahanara Jahanara
Published: September 2021

More than half of Indian population were engaged in agricultural sector but the available technology doesn’t ensure food security of the country. Hence, to diffuse new agricultural invention and innovation in the farming community, there arises a need for effective medium for transfer of technology. Thus, KVK bridges the gap between the technology generation and dissemination. The present study was proposed to understand the impact of KVK in doubling farmers income to formulate suitable programmes. For the study, descriptive research design was adopted. 120 respondents from Biswan taluk of Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh were selected as respondents. Primary data collected from respondents and secondary data from available literatures. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were middle aged, illiterate, upto 5 members in their family, medium level of annual income, possesses their own land, agriculture as their main occupation, medium level of mass media exposure, office bearer in one organization, high level of extension contact. Meanwhile, more than half of the respondents had reported medium level of impact towards the activities carried out by KVK, beneficiary selection is not unbiased is a major constraint suggested that maximum emphasis should be given on learning by doing.
Assessment and Valuation of Commercially Important Bivalves and Gastropods within the Seagrass Beds of Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental and Rizal, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines
Authors:   Mindanao State University at Naawan, Zalsos Joshua , Arriesgado Dan , Arriesgado Elgen , Acuña Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

A study was conducted to assess the abundance and value of commercially important bivalves and gastropods within the seagrass beds of Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental and Rizal, Zamboanga del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines. The line transect method was used to assess the diversity of the bivalves and gastropods within the seagrass beds and coring was used in collecting sediment samples. Laguindingan was categorized as undisturbed site, while Rizal as disturbed site. The results identified three families of gastropods in undisturbed and thirteen families in disturbed, comprising a total of seven bivalves and six gastropods. Cyprea sp. Dominated in undisturbed area, while Anadara inequivalves dominated in disturbed area. The diversity index in disturbed (1.57) was greater than in undisturbed (0.88) probably due to high organic matter (2.56ppm) compared to the undisturbed area (1.92ppm). Ironically, the total volume of bivalves and gastropods production in disturbed area was higher at19.84 kg compared with2.23 kg in undisturbed. In terms of total monetary value, the undisturbed production could yield PHP 22,672.32 (USD 466.48) in an approximated area of 165 ha, while PHP 422,130.50 (USD 8,685.37) in 326 ha in the disturbed area. The study revealed that higher diversity resulted in higher production with greater monetary value derived from bivalves and gastropods in disturbed area contributed by higher organic load. Protection and management of the seagrass beds is likely most needed in both disturbed and undisturbed are as to support not only a robust but also a healthy production of shellfish fit for human consumption.
Protocol Development Toolkit
Authors:   The Global Health Network,   European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP)
Published: September 2021

Protocol development is an essential first step in turning your research question into a study. This Protocol Development Toolkit has been developed to support researchers in this process, to provide the tools and guidance to produce a high-quality health research Protocol. The 'Protocol Development Steps' provide guidance on all elements of Protocol development in addition to practical advice such as how to navigate regulations and guidelines, the importance of community engagement, and tips on collaborative writing. The 'Concept Protocol Crowd Review Tool' allows users to invite feedback and advice on a concept protocol from the EDCTP Knowledge Hub and The Global Health Network community. The 'Study Walk-through' is a method to help translate a protocol into an accurate and successful study. This toolkit describes the study walkthrough approach, why it might be of benefit to a study, and how it can be used to successfully implement the method using practical examples and 'How to' guidance. The toolkit also included an extensive collection of resources linked to Protocol Development which can be searched and filtered depending on their type.
Treatment options for locally recurrent vulvar cancer
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University Medical Faculty and Hradec Králové University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, Ndukwe Munachiso Onyedikachi , Práznovec Ivan , Štěpán Martin , Sirák Igor , Fibír Aleš , Špaček Jiří
Published: September 2021

Summary: Objective: Summarizing of treatment options for locally recurrent vulvar cancer in patients after previous complex oncological treatment and presenting a case report from our department. Methods: Presenting a case report of a patient after previous complex oncological treatment for spinocellular cancer of the vulva who presented with a locally recurrent tumor. The patient was treated with a wide radical local excision of the tumor followed by a posterior thigh fl ap graft. Conclusion: Surgical intervention is the primary mode of treatment in locally recurrent cancers of the vulva. Wide radical local excision as a mode of treatment can be optimized by the use of grafts aiding in wound healing.
Recurrence of rare malignant Brenner ovarian tumor
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Šumperk Hospital, Šumperk Czech Republic, Feckaninová Beáta , Pilka Radovan , Slobodová Zuzana
Published: September 2021

Summary: Objective: Description of the case of recurrence of a  rare malignant Brenner ovarian tumour. Methods: Author observation and literature resources. Results: Occurrence of a rare malignant Brenner's tumor in a 66-year-old patient. After radical surgery (abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy and appendectomy) and after adjuvant chemotherapy, recurrence of the disease was observed after 30 months. Conclusions: The case report describes rare occurrence of a malignant Brenner tumour and its relapse.
A Simple and Efficient Schiff Base Derived Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Fluoride Ion
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560037,Karnataka, India., Rahaman Fazlur ,   VTU-RC affliated to Visweswaraya Technological University, Belgavi, Karnataka, India – 590 018., Gautam Prabhat ,   Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560037,Karnataka, India.,   VTU-RC affliated to Visweswaraya Technological University, Belgavi, Karnataka, India – 590 018., Gupta Priti ,   Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560037,Karnataka, India.,   VTU-RC affliated to Visweswaraya Technological University, Belgavi, Karnataka, India – 590 018., Mondal Subrata ,   Department of Chemistry, Dinhata College, Cooch Behar-736135, West Bengal, India.
Published: September 2021

A new thiazole substituted chemosensor 1 has been designed and synthesized for selective detection of fluoride ions. The chemosensor 1 was characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The absorption studies of chemosensor in DMF exhibits two peaks at 283 nm and 327 nm. The anion sensing behaviour of chemosensor 1 for various anions (I-, Cl-, Br-, NO3-, HSO4-, PF6-, ClO4-) in DMF were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy. Chemosensor 1 exhibited high degree of selectivity for fluoride ions over other anions. A good linearity in the range of 16-133 μM with 6.12 μM limit of detection value (LOD) was observed.
A narrative self-study : how do I demonstrate my multi-cultural origins in my art of fashion?
Authors:   , Madubela Thandiwe Elsie
Published: September 2021

My study is a qualitative research self-study. The aim of the study is to demonstrate how my multi-cultural origins have created in me my unique South African-ness and how this uniqueness has manifested in my art of fashion design. As a critically reflective practitioner-researcher trying to improve my professional practice, I have used multiple methodologies to answer the question in the title of my introspective study, “A Narrative Self-Study: How do I demonstrate my multi-cultural origins in my art of fashion?” I have used critical reflection, action research, narrative enquiry, and auto-ethnography to account for how my discovery of my amaXhosa and amaMpondo roots has interacted with my Bosotho-ness, and my Born-again Christian awareness. I have thus transformed my understanding of myself, my values, my beliefs about myself and the world around me. I collected the data in a number of different ways: I reflected on the lived experiences of my childhood; I observed and participated in cultural rituals, and reflected on these lived experiences; I used unstructured interviews to talk to many people who provided information which I recorded using a digital camera and took notes. These experiences and reflections enabled me to develop a Mix-and-Match Fusion Fashion design range of outfits. My Mix-and-Match Fusion Fashion design range incorporates a number of elements which identify with all of my cultural origins. I believe that my Mix-and-Match Fusion Fashion range demonstrates my South African-ness in my art of fashion design. It represents and expresses, symbolizes and celebrates the transition of my beliefs and understanding of my journey of self-discovery involving my five personas. I have used visual methodologies to analyse my designs and employed visual analysis to discuss my findings. I believe that Africans are increasingly proudly wearing and accepting their traditional attire as high fashion. I believe that the design of my Mix-and-Match Fusion Fashion range is suitable for the Southern African market, and demonstrates that I have effectively used my multi-cultural origins to improve my art of fashion.
La relación dialógica entre el currículo y modelo pedagógico
Authors: Cruz Picón Pablo Emilio , Hernández Correa Lady Jazmmin
Published: September 2021

La educación y su rol actual en la sociedad, es un tema en el que convergen heterogéneas percepciones y posibilidades; en particular, se ha abordado desde múltiples perspectivas inquirir cómo el currículo educativo responde a las necesidades sociales y culturales cada vez más permeables y complejas. Por ende, el objetivo del artículo reside en reflexionar las connotaciones educativas y socioculturales de la relación dialógica del currículo con el modelo pedagógico. Para tal fin, en el ejercicio reflexivo se contextualizó desde un enfoque cualitativo recurriendo a un tipo de investigación exploratorio-descriptivo que asentado en el análisis del registro documental precisó el estado del arte de las nociones currículo y modelo pedagógico, así como las tipologías y teorías que la respaldan, puesto que su trazabilidad emplaza la intencionalidad metodológica. Luego, se relacionó la trascendencia de las variables analizadas con la funcionalidad educativa. Dentro de este espacio metodológico, las temáticas a examinar en el escrito tuvieron correlación directa con la interacción teórico-practica entre el currículo y modelo pedagógico. Así se concluyó que los procesos de enseñanza para el aprendizaje se concretan en el currículo, pero se sustentan en el modelo pedagógico. Además, los dos elementos educativos están asociados a la sociedad y la cultura que proyecta la formación de ciudadanía.
Interferencia lingüística en El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo de José María Arguedas
Authors: Aquino Palacios Ingrid Maritza , Corpus García Lisbeth , De La Cruz Martínez Ruth , Geovanna Egoavil Gutiérrez Yvetgisell , Escobar López Lizbeth , Gabriel Alfaro Milder Yarin , Rodríguez Álvarez Emanuel Roger
Published: September 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo describir las interferencias lingüísticas en la obra literaria El Zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo de José María Arguedas, una de las obras más emblemáticas del autor, el problema fue: ¿Cuáles son las interferencias lingüísticas de la obra literaria El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo de José María Arguedas Altamirano? La investigación es de tipo Sustantiva-descriptiva, con diseño descriptivo simple. El método que utilizó fue el descriptivo y durante el proceso de la investigación se utilizó las, fichas hemerográficas y de análisis lingüístico para detectar las interferencias lingüísticas. La muestra estuvo representada por la obra literaria. La conclusión principal fue: Las principales interferencias lingüísticas que existen en la obra literaria El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo de José María Arguedas son: fonética-fonológica, morfológica, sintáctica y presencia de extranjerismo y semántica, por el predominio del quechua.
The concept and features of the international search for persons seeking or granted asylum
Authors:   Federal Governmental Institution «Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia», TARASOV MAXIM YU.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the features of the international search for persons seeking or granted asylum, provides information on the recommendations and principles in force in this area, as well as on the decisions of the General Assembly of Interpol, the General Secretariat and the Executive Committee of Interpol. The article considers the official statistics, domestic and foreign legislation and scientific literature on the topic of the work. The purpose of the study is to analyze the system of abuse of the possibilities of including persons seeking and receiving refugee status into the international wanted list, or, conversely, unilateral termination of the international search for such persons by units of the Interpol General Secretariat. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the statistical method, analysis, synthesis, induction, system-structural and formal-logical methods. As a result of the work carried out, a sufficiently detailed analysis of Russian and international legislation in this area, as well as the genesis of the latter’s development in different periods, is provided. The problems of legal regulation of the international search for persons seeking or granted asylum, and the stemming from them abuses on the part of the wanted persons and the states of stay, are considered. The article examines the foreign experience in granting asylum to persons wanted by Interpol, as well as the attitude of international organizations to the problem under consideration. These provisions will positively affect the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of victims of criminal encroachments, the implementation of the principle of inevitability of punishment. Conclusions are made about the importance of the Russian Federation’s efforts to overcome the existing problems of finding persons who evade criminal responsibility and punishment, and who have received refugee status in foreign countries.
Issues of organizing and carrying out educational work with convicts registered with the penal inspectorates
Authors:   Academy of the FPS of Russia, BYAKINA SVETLANA I.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the problems of organizing and conducting educational work with convicts who are registered with the penal inspectorates of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, reveals the importance of its proper legal regulation and implementation of an individual approach to offenders in the context of the humanization of penal policy. The article considers the official statistics, domestic legislation and scientific literature and the results of the author’s study on the topic of the work. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to improve the legal regulation of the considered activity area of penal inspectorates, namely, the creation of a normative legal act that discloses the procedure for conducting edu- cational work with convicts registered with penal inspectorates that is taking into account the peculiarities of such work. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the statistical method, analysis, synthesis, induction, system-structural and formal-logical methods. As a result of the work carried out, the main factor influencing the state of educational work with those sentenced to punishments without isolation from society, i.e. the legal support, has been analyzed. It is noted that the legal support is the determining factor for improving the analyzed vector of activity. The necessity of an individual approach to the educational influence on convicts has been substantiated. It has been established that the creation of a normative act on the organization and conducting educational work with convicts will contribute to the coordination of the efforts of interested subjects, as well as to overcoming the negative attitudes of the convicts, will contribute to their desire for correction. These decisions will have a positive effect on the improvement of the current penal legislation.
Development of an effective vaccination protocol to produce Salmonella-free layer fock
Authors: Akter Taslima , Nooruzzaman Mohammed , Mumu Tanjin T. , Ahammed Mustak , Jalal Uddin ABM , Parvin Rokshana , Khan Md. Abu Hadi , Hossain Md. Mokbul
Published: September 2021

Salmonella infections are of prime importance in the layer chicken industry and pose a significant public health threat. Production of export quality poultry products requires Salmonella-free certification. We developed and applied a vaccination schedule based on a commercial live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) vaccine in a layer flock. A flock of 1000 ISA Brown chickens has vaccinated with a lyophilized fowl typhoid live vaccine at definite time intervals. Isolation of Salmonella spp. in cloacal swabs and detection of serum antibody responses were performed using serum plate agglutination (SPA) test and ELISA. At the time of vaccination (16 weeks (w) of age), 50% of the tested birds carried Salmonella spp. in feces. Following booster immunization at 18 w, 21 w, and then every 12 weeks interval, the shedding of Salmonella decreased significantly over time with 40% at 21 w, 10% at 30 w, and 5% each at 42 and 54 w, and no shedding was detected at 66 and 78 w. Biochemical analysis of 32 Salmonella isolates revealed 15.6% (n=5) Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum), 37.5% (n=12) Salmonella Gallinarum, and 46.9% (n=15) paratyphoid causing Salmonella. Of note, the Salmonella spp. detected after 21 w of age belonged to the paratyphoid group. The decreased shedding of bacteria paralleled with increased antibody responses. The antibody level at vaccination (20% positive rate at 16 w) increased over time with a 50% positive rate at 18 w, 80% at 42 w, 90% at 54 w, and 100% at 66 w and 78 w by serum plate agglutination (SPA) test. Similarly, the serum antibody levels of chickens were also measured using ELISA and were similar to the SPA test. In conclusion, the vaccine schedule developed in this study confirmed a high seroconversion and prevented Salmonella shedding in feces. Therefore, a three-month interval vaccination protocol from the pre-laying stage to the last stage of laying is recommended to prevent Salmonella infections in laying flocks.
A comprehensive observation-based multiphase chemical model analysis of sulfur dioxide oxidations in both summer and winter
Authors: Song Huan , Lu Keding , Ye Can , Dong Huabin , Li Shule , Chen Shiyi , Wu Zhijun , Zheng Mei , Zeng Limin , Hu Min , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Sulfate is one of the main components of haze fine particles, and its
formation mechanism remains controversial. A lack of detailed and
comprehensive field data hinders the accurate evaluation of relative roles
of prevailing sulfate formation pathways. Here, we analyzed the sulfate
production rates using a state-of-the-art multiphase model constrained to the
observed concentrations of transition metal, nitrogen dioxide, ozone,
hydrogen peroxide and other important parameters in winter and summer in
the North China Plain. Our results showed that aqueous transition metal ion (TMI)-catalyzed
oxidation was the most important pathway followed by the surface oxidation
of Mn in both winter and summer while the hydroxyl and Criegee radical
oxidations contribute significantly in summer. In addition, we also modeled
the published cases for the fog and cloud conditions. It is found that
nitrogen dioxide oxidation is the dominant pathway for the fog in a higher
pH range while hydroperoxide and ozone oxidations dominated for the cloud.
Inter-comparison of ABL height estimates from different profiling sensors and models in the framework of HyMeX-SOP1
Authors: Summa Donato , Madonna Fabio , Franco Noemi , De Rosa Bendetto , Di Girolamo Paolo
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This paper reports results from an inter-comparison effort involving different sensors/techniques used to measure the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) height. The effort took place in the framework of the first Special Observing Period of the Hydrological cycle of the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX-SOP1). Elastic backscatter and rotational Raman signals collected by the Raman lidar system BASIL were used to determine the ABL height and characterize its internal structure. These techniques were compared with co-located measurements from a wind profiler and radiosondes and with ECMWF-ERA5 data. In the effort we consider radiosondes launched in the proximity of the lidar site, as well as radiosondes launched from the closest radiosonde station included in the Integrated Global Radiosonde archive (IGRA). The inter-comparison effort considers data from October 2012. Results reveal a good agreement between the different approaches, with values of the correlation coefficient R2 in the range 0.52 to 0.94. Results clearly reveals that the combined application of different techniques to distinct sensors’ and model datasets allow getting accurate and cross-validated estimates of the ABL height over a variety of weather conditions. Furthermore, correlations between the ABL height and other atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic variables as CAPE, friction velocity and relative humidity are also assessed to infer possible mutual dependences.
Presentation and discussion of the high-resolution atmosphere–land-surface–subsurface simulation dataset of the simulated Neckar catchment for the period 2007–2015
Authors: Schalge Bernd , Baroni Gabriele , Haese Barbara , Erdal Daniel , Geppert Gernot , Saavedra Pablo , Haefliger Vincent , Vereecken Harry , Attinger Sabine , Kunstmann Harald , Cirpka Olaf A. , Ament Felix , Kollet Stefan , Neuweiler Insa , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan , Simmer Clemens
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Coupled numerical models, which simulate water and energy fluxes in the
subsurface–land-surface–atmosphere system in a physically consistent way, are
a prerequisite for the analysis and a better understanding of heat and
matter exchange fluxes at compartmental boundaries and interdependencies of
states across these boundaries. Complete state evolutions generated by such
models may be regarded as a proxy of the real world, provided they are run
at sufficiently high resolution and incorporate the most important
processes. Such a simulated reality can be used to test hypotheses on the
functioning of the coupled terrestrial system. Coupled simulation systems,
however, face severe problems caused by the vastly different scales of the
processes acting in and between the compartments of the terrestrial system,
which also hinders comprehensive tests of their realism. We used the
Terrestrial Systems Modeling Platform (TerrSysMP), which couples the
meteorological Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) model, the land-surface Community Land Model (CLM), and the subsurface
ParFlow model, to generate a simulated catchment for a regional terrestrial
system mimicking the Neckar catchment in southwest Germany, the virtual
Neckar catchment. Simulations for this catchment are made for the period
2007–2015 and at a spatial resolution of 400 m for the land surface and
subsurface and 1.1 km for the atmosphere. Among a discussion of modeling
challenges, the model performance is evaluated based on observations
covering several variables of the water cycle. We find that the simulated
catchment behaves in many aspects quite close to observations of the real
Neckar catchment, e.g., concerning atmospheric boundary-layer height,
precipitation, and runoff. But also discrepancies become apparent, both in
the ability of the model to correctly simulate some processes which still
need improvement, such as overland flow, and in the realism of some
observation operators like the satellite-based soil moisture sensors. The
whole raw dataset is available for interested users. The dataset described
here is available via the CERA database (Schalge et al., 2020):
https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/Neckar_VCS_v1.
NDCmitiQ v1.0.0: a tool to quantify and analyse greenhouse gas mitigation targets
Authors: Günther Annika , Gütschow Johannes , Jeffery Mairi Louise
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Parties to the Paris Agreement (PA, 2015) outline their planned contributions towards achieving the PA temperature goal to “hold […] the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 ∘C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ∘C” (Article 2.1.a, PA) in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Most NDCs include targets to mitigate national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which need quantifications to assess i.a. whether the current NDCs collectively put us on track to reach the PA temperature goals or the gap in ambition to do so. We implemented the new open-source tool “NDCmitiQ” to quantify GHG mitigation targets defined in the NDCs for all countries with quantifiable targets on a disaggregated level and to create corresponding national and global emissions pathways. In light of the 5-year update cycle of NDCs and the global stocktake, the quantification of NDCs is an ongoing task for which NDCmitiQ can be used, as calculations can easily be updated upon submission of new NDCs.
In this paper, we describe the methodologies behind NDCmitiQ and quantification challenges we encountered
by addressing a wide range of aspects, including target types and the input data from within NDCs; external time series of national emissions, population, and GDP; uniform approach vs. country specifics; share of national emissions covered by NDCs; how to deal with the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) component and the conditionality of pledges; and establishing pathways from single-year targets. For use in NDCmitiQ, we furthermore construct an emissions data set from the baseline emissions provided in the NDCs.
Example use cases show how the tool can help to analyse targets on a national, regional, or global scale and to quantify uncertainties caused by a lack of clarity in the NDCs. Results confirm that the conditionality of targets and assumptions about economic growth dominate uncertainty in mitigated emissions on a global scale, which are estimated as 48.9–56.1 Gt CO2 eq. AR4 for 2030 (10th/90th percentiles, median: 51.8 Gt CO2 eq. AR4; excluding LULUCF and bunker fuels; submissions until 17 April 2020 and excluding the USA). We estimate that 77 % of global 2017 emissions were emitted from sectors and gases covered by these NDCs.
Addressing all updated NDCs submitted by 31 December 2020 results in an estimated 45.6–54.1 Gt CO2 eq. AR4 (median: 49.6 Gt CO2 eq. AR4, now including the USA again) and increased coverage.
Description and evaluation of the tropospheric aerosol scheme in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS-AER, cycle 47R1) of ECMWF
Authors: Rémy Samuel , Kipling Zak , Huijnen Vincent , Flemming Johannes , Nabat Pierre , Michou Martine , Ades Melanie , Engelen Richard , Peuch Vincent-Henri
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This article describes the IFS-AER aerosol scheme used operationally in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) cycle 47R1, operated by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in the framework of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services (CAMS). It represents an update of the Rémy et al. (2019) article which focused on cycle 45R1 of IFS-AER. The parameterizations of sources and sinks that have been updated since cycle 45R1 are described, as well as changes in the configuration used operationally within CAMS. As compared to cycle 45R1, a greater integration of aerosol and chemistry has been achieved. Primary aerosol sources have been updated, with the implementation of new dust and seasalt aerosol emission schemes. New dry and wet deposition parameterizations have also been implemented. Sulfate production rates are now provided by the global chemistry component of the IFS. This paper aims to describe most of the updates that have been implemented since cycle 45R1 and not only the ones that are used operationally in cycle 47R1; components that are not used operationally will be clearly flagged. Cycle 47R1 of IFS-AER has been evaluated against a wide range surface and total column observations. The final simulated products such as Particulate Matter (PM) and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) generally show a significant increase in skill as compared to results obtained with cycle 45R1. Similarly, the simulated surface concentration of sulphate, organic matter and sea-salt aerosol is improved by cycle 47R1 as compared to cycle 45R1. Some imbalances persist, such as a too high surface concentration of nitrate and organic matter. The new wet and dry deposition schemes that have been implemented into cycle 47R1 have a mostly positive impact on simulated AOD, PM and speciated aerosol surface concentration.
Mapping high-resolution basal topography of West Antarctica from radar data using non-stationary multiple-point geostatistics (MPS-BedMappingV1)
Authors: Yin Zhen , Zuo Chen , MacKie Emma J. , Caers Jef
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The subglacial bed topography is critical for modeling the evolution of Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE), where rapid ice loss threatens the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. However, mapping of subglacial topography is subject to high uncertainty. This is mainly because the bed topography is measured by airborne ice-penetrating radar along flight lines with large gaps up to tens of kilometers. Deterministic interpolation approaches do not reflect such spatial uncertainty. While traditional geostatistical simulation can model such uncertainty, it may be difficult to apply because of the significant non-stationary spatial variation of topography over such large surface area. In this study, we develop a non-stationary multiple-point geostatistical approach to interpolate large areas with irregular geophysical data and apply it to model the spatial uncertainty of entire ASE basal topography. We collect 166 high-resolution topographic training images (TIs) to train the gap-filling of radar data gaps, thereby simulating realistic topography maps. The TIs are extensively sampled from deglaciated regions in the Arctic as well as Antarctica. To address the non-stationarity in topographic modeling, we introduce a Bayesian framework that models the posterior distribution of non-stationary training images to the local modeling domain. Sampling from this distribution then provide candidate training images for local topographic modeling with uncertainty, constrained to radar flight line data. Compared to traditional MPS approaches without considering TI sampling, our approach demonstrates significant improvement in the topographic modeling quality and efficiency of the simulation algorithm. Finally, we simulate multiple realizations of high-resolution ASE topographic maps. We use the multiple realizations to investigate the impact of basal topography uncertainty on subglacial hydrological flow patterns.
Dealing with deontic modality in a termbase: the case of Dutch and Spanish legal language
Authors: Vanden Bulcke Patricia
Published: September 2021

In this article, we analyse, on the basis of comparable corpora (Dutch - Spanish) of the same legal genre, i.e. the Articles of Association, an aspect of cross-linguistic variation, namely the expression of deontic modality. We also examine the ways in which the findings of the study can be processed into a bilingual, translator-friendly legal termbase (JuriGenT). In doing so, we map out the asymmetry, which is mainly attributable to the use of tenses, and duly process this in the relevant term records, taking the view that the translator should be aware of the similarities and differences of their usage so as to be able to make well-considered translation decisions.
Investigating legal information in commercial websites: the Terms and conditions of use in different varieties of English
Authors: Scarpa Federica
Published: September 2021

The Terms and conditions of use which are embedded in commercial websites provide a standardised legal model based in common law which exemplifies the increasingly influential role that English plays in international and intercultural commercial and legal settings, but also how deeply rooted legal knowledge is in socio-cultural values and national cultures. Using a small monolingual corpus of Terms and conditions of use drafted in English and embedded in the commercial websites from different countries of origin and legislations based both on common law and civil law, the paper investigates the extent to which different layout/content and language features are displayed by: (1) ELF Terms and conditions translated from different languages/legislations, and (2) ENL non-translated Terms and conditions drafted in different ‘core’ varieties of English. The aim is to show that the English intralingual variation of this highly structured and conventionalised legal format reflects in fact the existing disparities in legal practice among various national legislations, even among systems belonging to the common law family. International legal models such as the one investigated should consequently be considered as “globally-relevant STs” (Adab, 1998, p. 224), i.e. flexible text formats that have been adopted by most countries but at the same time allow for local socio-cultural aspects to influence the construction of legal discourse.
Cross-linguistic Semantics of International Law. A corpus-informed translation of A. Cassese’s International Law into Greek
Authors: Saridakis Ioannis E
Published: September 2021

This paper elaborates and exemplifies systemic hypotheses on the emergence and evolution of international legal language semantics, focusing in particular on the analysis of international law concepts and the study of their representation and translation into Greek. Non-exhaustive examples are taken from the translation of A. Cassese's International Law into Greek, an effort aimed to illustrate the process of translation in the domain of international law, as being primarily a venture of discoursal decoding.
Chevrel, Y., D’hulst, L. & Lombez, Ch. (Eds.). Histoire des traductions en langue française. XIXe siècle, 1815-1894.
Authors: Lafarga Francisco
Published: September 2021

Chevrel, Y., D’hulst, L. & Lombez, Ch. (Eds.) (2012). Histoire des traductions en langue française. XIXe siècle, 1815-1894. Lagrasse: Verdier. 1369 p.
La parole aux images, ou Multilinguisme et traduction dans les films de John McTiernan
Authors: Agiboust Sylvain
Published: September 2021

Most of modern Hollywood action movies are Manichean and ethnocentric but John McTiernan’s films are surprisingly scrupulous in the depiction of other cultures and the use of foreign languages. The director first uses theses languages for their musicality and exotic feeling. The ability to speak is depicted as the main characteristic of humanity. The understanding of the other one is based on the knowledge of its language, so the interpreter became a very important role in McTiernan’s movies. The interpreter’s character appears as a link between the individuals, wrangled over their own language and culture. The interpreter is also standing for the spectator and leads him into unknown worlds. John McTiernan does not only make movies about interpreters. The act of translation appears to be the one of the most important aspects of his cinematographic style. McTiernan considers spoken words mostly as noises and thinks that the real meaning of the movie is delivered by the pictures themselves: the expressivity of cinema is the one of framing and camera moves. The audience may not understand the language spoken by the characters but he can always rely on the pictures, which are meaningful. McTiernan’s mise en scene becomes a substitute for spoken language.
The reasons for and implications of multilingualism in Une bouteille à la mer
Authors: Buckley Thomas
Published: September 2021

It is sometimes said that the only way to fully understand others is to learn their native language, suggesting that translation and interpretation are ultimately doomed to failure. Applying this principle to the conflict between the Israelis and the Palestinians, one would advise each of the two peoples to learn the other’s language in order to arrive at a mutual understanding. A film which explores this very situation, however, Une bouteille à la mer (Binisti, 2011), takes another tack, using first English, then French to overcome the misunderstanding, at least on an individual level. As a result, the spectator’s impression is that those who remain in their unilingual worlds of Hebrew and Arabic are stuck in ideological compartments that are reinforced by the walls of their respective languages. Instead of suggesting that in order to perceive and understand the Other’s real self one must learn his or her mother tongue, the film portrays foreign languages as rescue vehicles that can enable us to escape from intolerant, obscurantist worlds.
The power of the treacherous interpreter: Multilingualism in Jacques Audiard’s Un prophète
Authors: King Gemma
Published: September 2021

Representations of multilingualism as power are steadily increasing in prevalence in the French cinema of the twenty-first century. In contemporary multilingual French cinema, language functions not only as a vessel of meaning, but as a socially loaded and complex tool which is far from neutral. In films such as Welcome (Lioret, 2009), Polisse (Maïwenn, 2011), London River (Bouchareb, 2010) and De battre mon coeur s’est arrêté (Audiard, 2005), characters often exploit their multilingualism in order to exercise authority. Consequently, language can constitute a narrative device in itself, and a weapon to be harnessed and deployed in the pursuit of power. This article examines Jacques Audiard’s Un Prophète (2009), a film which contains dialogue in languages other than French and whose characters consistently employ code switching as a strategy for exerting dominance over one another. Significantly, the protagonist Malik’s multilingual power play comes to a head in his adoption of the role of what we shall label the treacherous interpreter, exploiting the measure of trust ritually assigned to the translator in order to manipulate his adversaries and wrest himself a unique position of power. The film thus calls into question not only the shifting status of marginalised languages in French society, but also the delicate and crucial role of translation in a social landscape marked by linguistic hybridity and intercultural conflict.