bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Program-Aware Fault-Injection Method for Dependability Evaluation Against Soft-Error Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Arasteh Bahman
Published: January 2018

Decreasing the scale of transistors and exponential increase in the transistor counts has made the soft-errors as one of the major causes of software failures. Fault injection is a powerful method for dependability assessment of a computer system against soft-errors. A considerable number of randomly injected faults in the current methods and tools are effect-less or equivalent. To overcome this problem and reduce the cost of fault injection, this study presents a software based fault-injection method that accurately evaluates the dependability of a computer system with a limited number fault-injection. Using a genetic algorithm (GA) the most vulnerable executable paths of an input program is identified; then only the basic blocs (BBs) into the identified vulnerable paths are considered as the target of fault injection. The results of fault injections on the set of 8 traditional benchmark-programs show that the proposed method reduces about 20% of effect-less faults by avoiding the injection of faults in the error-derating blocks of a program. Furthermore, the number of injected faults is reduced to 60% of its original size in the random injection. Also, the proposed method provides more stable and accurate results than the random injection.
Formation of conserved charges and deformed extra space
Authors: Rubin Sergey G. , Troisi Antonio
Published: January 2018

We discuss charge conservation responsible for internal symmetries other than the gauge ones. As a basic ingredient of our study, we consider a compact symmetrical extra space. Excited states of extra space are described in term of the internal momentum. We show that this latter quantity is conserved when an appropriate symmetry of the extra space is considered inducing, as a byproduct, charge conservation at low energies. As a matter of facts, this mechanism could be responsible for baryon asymmetry of our universe. The subsequent symmetrization process, which takes place during first stages of universe evolution, determines the extra space momentum conservation and the observed charge invariance on the four-dimensional subspace.
Tachyon warm inflation with the effects of loop quantum cosmology in the light of Planck 2015
Authors: Kamali Vahid , Basilakos Spyros , Mehrabi Ahmad , Motaharfar Meysam , Massaeli Erfan
Published: January 2018

We investigate the observational signatures of quantum cosmology in the Cosmic Microwave Background data provided by Planck collaboration. We apply the warm inflationary paradigm with a tachyon scalar field to the loop quantum cosmology. In this context, we first provide the basic cosmological functions in terms of the tachyon field. We then obtain the slow-roll parameters and the power spectrum of scalar and tensor fluctuations, respectively. Finally, we study the performance of various warm inflationary scenarios against the latest Planck data and we find a family of models which are in agreement with the observations.
Implementation of the Targets Set in the Paris Agreement Through Transformative Development – Solution to the “Paradox of Al Gore”
Authors: PAN Jiahua
Published: January 2018

There is a long and difficult way ahead of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement. Human society needs to move fast and far on the road. Sustainable development can hardly be achieved by ostensible “reforms” and “transitions”. The only possible way is to upgrade and transform the industrial civilization to ecological civilization, in which man and nature, and man and society are in harmony, in an all-round and in-depth way. To preserve nature and improve the eco-environment is in essence to protect and boost productivity. The value of nature and ecological assets must be reflected in the System of National Accounts in a scientific and objective way. The lifestyle in developed countries and production mode in the developing world must be transformed. So far a global agenda for sustainable development has been in position, and China has obtained remarkable achievements in the construction of ecological civilization and low-carbon transformation. To realize the targets set in the Paris Agreement, institutional innovation and international cooperation prove essential.
Repeated reactivation of clogged permeable pathways in epithermal gold deposits: Kestanelik epithermal vein system, NW Turkey
Authors: Gülyüz Nilay , Shipton Zoe K. , Kuşcu İlkay , Lord Richard A. , Kaymakcı Nuretdin , Gülyüz Erhan , Gladwell David R.
Published: January 2018

This study presents a detailed study of the dimensions, geometry, textures and breccias of a well-exposed epithermal vein system, the Kestanelik gold deposit in the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey, and investigates the permeability enhancement mechanisms in epithermal gold deposits. Here mineralization is associated with quartz veins up to 13.6 m thick. Vein textures and breccia components indicate repeated sealing and subsequent brecciation of wall rock and pre-existing vein infill. Field and petrographic analyses characterize east–west-trending veins as left lateral faults, whereas NE–SW-trending veins are extensional (Mode I) fractures. Cataclasite and tectonic breccia of wall rocks and early quartz, hydrothermal crackle breccias, and matrix-supported chaotic breccias of pre-existing vein infill, all of which are cemented by late iron-oxide-bearing quartz, indicate that co-seismic rupturing and hydraulic fracturing are two major permeability enhancement mechanisms. In addition, transient variations in local stress direction, caused by syn-mineralization dyke intrusion, may have enhanced permeability on misoriented surfaces and at locations where the dip changes. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding structural geology and kinematics as controls on the location of boiling and mineralization mechanisms in epithermal gold deposits.
Collapse Transitions of Proteins and the Interplay Among Backbone, Sidechain, and Solvent Interactions
Authors: Holehouse Alex S. , Pappu Rohit V.
Published: January 2018

Proteins can collapse into compact globules or form expanded, solvent-accessible, coil-like conformations. Additionally, they can fold into well-defined three-dimensional structures or remain partially or entirely disordered. Recent discoveries have shown that the tendency for proteins to collapse or remain expanded is not intrinsically coupled to their ability to fold. These observations suggest that proteins do not have to form compact globules in aqueous solutions. They can be intrinsically disordered, collapsed, or expanded, and even form well-folded, elongated structures. This ability to decouple collapse from folding is determined by the sequence details of proteins. In this review, we highlight insights gleaned from studies over the past decade. Using a polymer physics framework, we explain how the interplay among sidechains, backbone units, and solvent determines the driving forces for collapsed versus expanded states in aqueous solvents.
Pulmonary vascular dysfunction secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights gained through retrograde perfusion
Authors: Zhou Chun , Crockett Edward S. , Batten Lynn , McMurtry Ivan F. , Stevens Troy
Published: January 2018

Here, we tested the hypothesis that severe pulmonary arterial hypertension impairs retrograde perfusion. To test this hypothesis, pulmonary arterial hypertension was induced in Fischer rats using a single injection of Sugen 5416 followed by 3 wk of exposure to 10% hypoxia and then 2 wk of normoxia. This Sugen 5416 and hypoxia regimen caused severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, with a Fulton index of 0.73 ± 0.07, reductions in both the pulmonary arterial acceleration time and pulmonary arterial acceleration to pulmonary arterial ejection times ratio, and extensive medial hypertrophy and occlusive neointimal lesions. Whereas the normotensive circulation accommodated large increases in forward and retrograde flow, the hypertensive circulation did not. During forward flow, pulmonary artery and double occlusion pressures rose sharply at low perfusion rates, resulting in hydrostatic edema. Pulmonary arterial hypertensive lungs possessed an absolute intolerance to retrograde perfusion, and they rapidly developed edema. Retrograde perfusion was not rescued by maximal vasodilation. Retrograde perfusion was preserved in lungs from animals treated with Sugen 5416 and hypoxia for 1 and 3 wk, in lungs from animals with a milder form of hypoxic hypertension, and in normotensive lungs subjected to high outflow pressures. Thus impaired retrograde perfusion coincides with development of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, with advanced structural defects in the microcirculation.
A Double Scale Methodology to Investigate Flow in Karst Fractured Media via Numerical Analysis: The Cassino Plain Case Study (Central Apennine, Italy)
Authors: Lancia M. , Saroli M. , Petitta M.
Published: January 2018

A methodology to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity of the karst media at a regional scale has been proposed, combining pumping tests and the hydrostructural approach, evaluating the hydraulic conductivity of fractured rocks at the block scale. Obtaining hydraulic conductivity values, calibrated at a regional scale, a numerical flow model of the Cassino area has been developed, to validate the methodology and investigate the ambiguity, related to a nonunique hydrogeological conceptual model. The Cassino plain is an intermontane basin with outstanding groundwater resources. The plain is surrounded by karst hydrostructures that feed the Gari Springs and Peccia Springs. Since the 1970s, the study area was the object of detailed investigations with an exceptional density of water-wells and piezometers, representing one of the most important karst study-sites in central-southern Italy. Application of the proposed methodology investigates the hydraulic conductivity tensor at local and regional scales, reawakening geological and hydrogeological issues of a crucial area and tackling the limits of the continuum modelling in karst media.
Feature Selection for Object-Based Classification of High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images Based on the Combination of a Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search
Authors: Shi Lei , Wan Youchuan , Gao Xianjun , Wang Mingwei
Published: January 2018

In object-based image analysis of high-resolution images, the number of features can reach hundreds, so it is necessary to perform feature reduction prior to classification. In this paper, a feature selection method based on the combination of a genetic algorithm (GA) and tabu search (TS) is presented. The proposed GATS method aims to reduce the premature convergence of the GA by the use of TS. A prematurity index is first defined to judge the convergence situation during the search. When premature convergence does take place, an improved mutation operator is executed, in which TS is performed on individuals with higher fitness values. As for the other individuals with lower fitness values, mutation with a higher probability is carried out. Experiments using the proposed GATS feature selection method and three other methods, a standard GA, the multistart TS method, and ReliefF, were conducted on WorldView-2 and QuickBird images. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperforms the other methods in terms of the final classification accuracy.
Speed and Heading Control of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle Based on State Error PCH Principle
Authors: Lv Chengxing , Yu Haisheng , Hua Zhili , Li Lei , Chi Jieru
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes a novel nonlinear control scheme based on energy-shaping (ES) principle and state error port-controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) systems for unmanned surface vehicles (USV) system. The PCH model of three degrees of freedom for USV kinetics system is established. By the ES principle, interconnection assignment and damping injection method is applied to the speed and heading control of the closed-loop USV system to realize an overall stability of control mechanism. Simulation results show that the validity and stability of control algorithm can be satisfied with the performance in speed and heading tracking of which the high simplification and portability make it applicable to the various region.
An Evaluation of the Long-Term Stagnancy of Porewater in the Neogene Sedimentary Rocks in Northern Japan
Authors: Nakata Kotaro , Hasegawa Takuma , Oyama Takahiro , Ishii Eiichi , Miyakawa Kazuya , Sasamoto Hiroshi
Published: January 2018

A groundwater dating for very old porewater using 36Cl and 4He was applied to the Koetoi and Wakkanai formations distributed in the northernmost part in Japan. Measured 36Cl/Cl in the Koetoi Formation was 2.6 ± 2.0 × 10−15 and that in the Wakkanai Formation was 8.1 ± 2.5 × 10−15. These values are similar to 36Cl/Cl in situ secular equilibrium calculated from chemical compositions of core suggesting that Cl− ions and porewater have remained in the formations for much longer than half-life of 36Cl . He concentration in porewater ranged from 1.1 × 10−6 to 2.6 × 10−5 (ccSTP gw-1) and it is much higher than water saturated with air indicating that both formations contain very old porewater. However, the possibility of mixing of young water was indicated because He concentration was lower than that calculated by multiplication of in situ He production and time after the uplift. This possibility was also supported by Cl−, δD, and δ18O data. After combining information on 36Cl/Cl, 4He, and δD and δ18O, it was inferred that the porewater in the deep part of the Wakkanai Formation might have been stagnant since the uplift. The porewater in the Koetoi Formation and the shallow part of the Wakkanai Formation were found to be affected by young surface water.
A Novel Simulation Model for Nonstationary Rice Fading Channels
Authors: Jiang Kaili , Chen Xiaomin , Zhu Qiuming , Chen Lele , Xu Dazhuan , Chen Bing
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we propose a new simulator for nonstationary Rice fading channels under nonisotropic scattering scenarios, as well as the improved computation method of simulation parameters. The new simulator can also be applied on generating Rayleigh fading channels by adjusting parameters. The proposed simulator takes into account the smooth transition of fading phases between the adjacent channel states. The time‐variant statistical properties of the proposed simulator, that is, the probability density functions (PDFs) of envelope and phase, autocorrelation function (ACF), and Doppler power spectrum density (DPSD), are also analyzed and derived. Simulation results have demonstrated that our proposed simulator provides good approximation on the statistical properties with the corresponding theoretical ones, which indicates its usefulness for the performance evaluation and validation of the wireless communication systems under nonstationary and nonisotropic scenarios.
Epicardial Fat Thickness in Non-Obese Neurologically Impaired Children: Association with Unfavorable Cardiometabolic Risk Profile
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Cena Hellas , Casali Pietro Mariano , Iacobellis Gianluca , Albertini Riccardo , De Amici Mara , de Silvestri Annalisa , Comparato Calogero , Pelizzo Gloria
Published: January 2018

Background: Cardiovascular risk is reported in disabled children and epicardial fat (EF) is considered an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). No data on the EF thickness (EFT) evaluation in disabled children have been published. Objective: We investigated EFT in neurologically impaired (NI) children; its relationship with their metabolic profile was also considered. Methods: Clinical data, body composition estimation, biochemical profile, and ultrasound-measured EFT were performed in 32 disabled patients (12.4 ± 6.3 years). Pathological parameters were defined using the following criteria: waist circumference >95th percentile, waist to height ratio (WHtR) >0.5, total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) values >95th percentile, high density lipoprotein cholesterol <5th percentile, fasting blood glucose >100 mg/dL, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA) >97.5th percentile, and EFT >3.6 mm. Results: EFT values in NI children were higher compared with control group values (p = 0.02). EFT correlated with gender (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.02), pubertal stage (p = 0.04), as well as WHtR (p = 0.03). A correlation between EFT and leptin was also noted (p = 0.04). EFT levels significantly correlated with pathological TG (p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Higher EFT was observed in NI children compared with controls. EFT values correlated with clinical, metabolic, and endocrinological parameters. Ultrasound-measured EFT could be used to promptly detect subclinical CVD and to prevent adverse outcomes in disabled children.
Social and Behavioural Determinants of the Difference in Survival among Older Adults in Japan and England
Authors: Aida Jun , Cable Noriko , Zaninotto Paola , Tsuboya Toru , Tsakos Georgios , Matsuyama Yusuke , Ito Kanade , Osaka Ken , Kondo Katsunori , Marmot Michael G. , Watt Richard G.
Published: January 2018

Background: A rapidly ageing population presents major challenges to health and social care services. Cross-country comparative studies on survival among older adults are limited. In addition, Japan, the country with the longest life expectancy, is rarely included in these cross-country comparisons. Objective: We examined the relative contributions of social and behavioural factors on the differences in survival among older people in Japan and England. Methods: We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES; n = 13,176) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; n = 5,551) to analyse all-cause mortality up to 9.4 years from the baseline. Applying Laplace regression models, the 15th survival percentile difference was estimated. Results: During the follow-up, 31.3% of women and 38.6% of men in the ELSA died, whereas 19.3% of women and 31.3% of men in the JAGES died. After adjusting for age and baseline health status, JAGES participants had longer survival than ELSA participants by 318.8 days for women and by 131.6 days for men. Family-based social relationships contributed to 105.4 days longer survival in JAGES than ELSA men. Fewer friendship-based social relationships shortened the JAGES men’s survival by 45.4 days compared to ELSA men. Currently not being a smoker contributed to longer survival for JAGES women (197.7 days) and ELSA men (46.6 days), and having lower BMI reduced the survival of JAGES participants by 129.0 days for women and by 212.2 days for men. Conclusion: Compared to participants in England, Japanese older people lived longer mainly because of non-smoking for women and family-based social relationships for men. In contrast, a lower rate of underweight, men’s better friendship-based social relationships, and a lower smoking rate contributed to survival among participants in England.
Changing Trends in Brain Imaging Technique for Pediatric Patients with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts
Authors: Trost Margaret J. , Robison Nathan , Coffey Dean , Mamey Mary Rose , Robison R. Aaron
Published: January 2018

Background: Children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) undergoing brain computed tomography (CT) for shunt malfunction evaluation are at risk for later malignancy due to radiation exposure. We aimed to determine if and how hospitals have adopted radiation-avoiding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. Children with VPS presenting to acute wards at 31 PHIS hospitals between January 1, 2007 and January 2, 2015 and receiving noncontrast neuroimaging on day of service 0/1 were included. Outcome measures were (1) incidence of MRI over time and (2) comparison of demographic characteristics between hospitals with MRI representing higher versus lower proportions (>15% or <15%) of total brain imaging. Results: MRIs increased by 18.1% from 2007 to 2015. Hospitals were assigned to high-use (n = 12) or minimal-use (n = 19) MRI groups based on year 2014/2015 MRI percentages. The only identified difference was an older mean age in the high-use group (8.1 vs. 7.5 years; p = 0.03). Conclusions: MRI is increasingly used to evaluate patients with VPS. Hospitals with more MRI use had older patients and no increase in cost or length of stay. Initiating local quality improvement projects may help identify barriers to MRI uptake and increase use.
КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНО-ІНТЕГРАТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ ПРОВІЗОРІВ
Authors: Toziuk O. Yu.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – охарактеризувати сучасні методи викладання дисциплін циклу професійної підготовки студентам фармацевтичного факультету  та розкрити особливості їх впровадження у навчальний процес.Основна частина. У статті наведено аналіз даних наукової та методичної літератури і власний досвід використання компетентнісного та інтегративного підходів у навчальному процесі на кафедрі фармації Вінницького національного медичного університету імені М. І. Пирогова. Використання міждисциплінарної інтеграції в освітній діяльності передбачає побудову логічних узагальнень при послідовному вивченні програмних дисциплін. Таким чином, інтегративний підхід є важливим елементом закріплення умінь і навичок студентів. Наведено шляхи формування найбільш важливих професійних компетентностей майбутніх провізорів: пізнавальної, аналітичної та комунікативної. Представлено види роботи та можливі методичні підходи, використання яких під час навчального процесу дозволяє підготувати висококваліфікованого фахівця. Важливим елементом є робота з ситуаційними задачами та моделювання елементів професійної діяльності. При цьому велике значення приділяється практичній підготовці студентів, що полягає у виготовленні лікарських форм за прописами, веденні документації фінансово-господарської діяльності, складанні матеріальних балансів та технологічних схем.Формуванню фахових компетентностей сприяє також індивідуальна самостійна робота студентів. Виконання наукових робіт під наглядом наукового керівника поглиблює знання з дисципліни, інтенсифікує творчий та дослідницький потенціал.Висновок. Використання інноваційних освітніх методик у навчальному процесі підвищує якісний рівень знань студентів і зацікавленість в обраній професії.
ДОСВІД ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТЕЛЕМЕДИЧНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НА ПЕРВИННОМУ РІВНІ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ
Authors: Korda M. M. , Shulhai A. G. , Zaporozhan S. Y. , Klisch I. M.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – висвітлити досвід використання телемедичних технологій у навчально-практичних центрах первинної медико-­санітарної допомоги Тернопільського державного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського.Основна частина. У статті висвітлено приклади застосування телемедичних технологій у навчально-практичних центрах первинної медико-санітарної допомоги  Тернопільського державного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського. Подано перелік телемедичних послуг, які доцільно впровадити на первинному рівні медичної допомоги.Висновок. Створені Тернопільським державним медичним університетом імені І. Я. Горбачевського навчально-практичні центри засвідчують реальні можливості виконання Закону України “Про підвищення доступності та якості медичного обслуговування у сільській місцевості” шляхом запровадження на рівні закладів первинної медичної допомоги технологій телемедицини.
“The Anti-Bourgeois Democratic Revolution”: A Reading of the Russian Revolution
Authors: Lih Lars T.
Published: January 2018

Proponho uma nova categoria para descrever a Revolução Russa de 1917: “revolução democrática antiburguesa”. O “poder soviético” foi proclamado, de fato, durante a Revolução de Fevereiro, em 1917. A força básica por trás desse novo poder ou autoridade soberana – os trabalhadores, soldados e camponeses que constituíam o eleitorado dos sovietes – era hostil à burjúi tanto em seu sentido estrito de proprietários industriais como em seu sentido mais amplo de tsenzoviki. O objetivo central dessa revolução era realizar o vasto programa de reformas anteriormente denominado pelo termo “revolução democrática” – antes de tudo, terra para os camponeses e liquidação dos pomiéschiki (aristocracia rural) enquanto classe. O comprometimento positivo com as instituições socialistas era muito menos poderoso do que uma atitude negativa em relação à burguesia, não só enquanto indivíduos mas também enquanto valores burgueses.
Passado imprevisível em um tempo imprevisível: O centenário da Revolução de 1917 na Rússia contemporânea
Authors: Kolonitski Boris , Matskevitch Maria
Published: January 2018

Na Rússia, a política da memória adquire um papel de destaque em decorrência da limitação da política pública. Nas altas esferas oficiais, o centenário da revolução de 1917 é praticamente ignorado, embora sejam permitidas discussões científicas e realizem-se projetos expositivos e educativos. Os atores políticos quase não usam a memória da revolução, e no espaço público estão ausentes eventos relevantes ligados ao centenário. A história da revolução é considerada “passado não-utilizável”. A memória cultural influencia a política da memória. A avaliação sobre as consequências da revolução por parte dos cidadãos russos é contraditória e pouco mudou desde 1990. Junto com isso, a maioria nega a possibilidade de uma nova revolução. A tendência dos últimos anos é o distanciamento no nível de conhecimento histórico e percepção do passado entre a geração mais velha e a mais nova.
Literatura afro-brasileira: um processo de afirmação identitária e de resistência negra na poesia de Cuti
Authors: Cavalcante Francys Carla Arraiz Lindoso
Published: January 2018

As discussões teóricas a respeito da literatura e da identidade negra brasileira tem crescido nas últimas décadas. Estudiosos discutem a existência de uma vertente afro na Literatura brasileira. Definida como um projeto de expressão de amplo encadeamento discursivo, essa literatura é constituída por obras e autores identificados à afro descendência, transitando, ao mesmo tempo, dentro e fora da literatura brasileira (Ianni, 1988; Duarte, 2008). Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral discutir o processo de construção da literatura afro-brasileira e apontar a sua pertinência nos estudos literários a partir da poesia de Cuti, destacando as categorias de identidade e resistência negra. Assim, procuramos interpretar os diferentes enfoques de resistência do ponto de vista afro-brasileiro, considerando a perspectiva de ressignificação dos estereótipos e de outros símbolos cristalizados e negativos sobre o negro, como parte relevante ao processo de afirmação identitária negra no Brasil.
Agô!
Authors: Grillo Angela Teodoro , Araújo Giovanna Gobbi Alves , Araujo Manuella Miki Souza
Published: January 2018

A décima edição da Opiniães: revista dos alunos de literatura brasileira convida o leitor a refletir sobre as relações estéticas, sociais e políticas que envolvem a literatura negra e/ou afro-brasileira. Os sete artigos acadêmicos que compõem o dossiê temático – assinados por Luciana Marquesini Mongim, Luciana Alves Santos, Fernanda Rodrigues Miranda, Fabiana Carneiro da Silva, Luciana Martins Diogo e Ana Paula Simioni, Francys Lindoso Cavalcanti e Fabiane Cristine Rodrigues – abordam, de maneira plural e instigante, aspectos variados da presença negra na literatura brasileira. Além dos artigos científicos, este número conta com uma coletânea que reúne poemas, contos, crônicas e dramaturgia de escritoras e escritores negros contemporâneos - Allan da Rosa, Cidinha da Silva, Cuti, Fábio Mandingo, Jeferson Tenório, Lia Vieira e Le Tícia Conde, Akins Kintê, Cristiane Sobral, Dinha, Elizandra Souza, Le Tícia Conde, Lívia Natália, luz ribeiro e Tula Pilar Ferreira; uma seção de entrevistas com as importantes participações de Esmeralda Ribeiro, Eduardo de Assis Ribeiro, Cuti e Elena Pajaro Peres; uma seção de resenhas com os trabalhos de Larissa Souza e Lígia Balista; e, por fim, uma seção de tradução poética, com a apresentação de três poemas de Langston Hughes traduzidos para o português por Giovanna Gobbi Alves Araújo. O tema da presença negra na literatura brasileira conjuga de forma privilegiada diferentes performatividades, vozes científicas-femininas-periféricas-plásticas-poéticas-musicais nascidas de um universo vasto, desafiador, movediço –, território cultural, social e simbólico, diante do qual dizemos: “Agô!”
Monteiro Lobato publica Godofredo Rangel
Authors: Spagnoli Camila Russo de Almeida
Published: January 2018

Além de escritor, Monteiro Lobato (1882-1948) destacou-se como editor e revolucionou o mercado editorial brasileiro. Ele começou a publicar livros em 1918, mesmo ano em que comprou a Revista do Brasil. Godofredo Rangel (1884-1951), escritor mineiro e amigo de Lobato, foi também colaborador na Revista do Brasil, no período de janeiro de 1917 a abril de 1924. Ambos trocaram cartas por mais de 40 anos, posteriormente reunidas em A barca de Gleyre. Partilhavam o interesse pela literatura. A correspondência testemunha o constante incentivo de Monteiro Lobato para que Rangel publicasse seus textos na Revista do Brasil. O presente trabalho busca resgatar, através das cartas, momentos dessa mediação de Lobato, inclusive a relação entre o amigo-editor que auxilia seu interlocutor a preparar a narrativa Vida ociosa para a publicação em volume.
CONTAR! CONTAR! CONTAR! – A apresentação transcultural da vida norte-americana em A volta do gato preto, de Erico Verissimo
Authors: Redu Iarima Nunes
Published: January 2018

O escritor brasileiro Erico Verissimo viveu nos Estados Unidos em diferentes oportunidades, tendo transformado reflexões e observações sobre tais períodos em narrativas de viagens posteriormente publicadas. Entre setembro de 1943 e setembro de 1944, Verissimo e sua família viveram em San Francisco e Los Angeles, período no qual o escritor atuou como professor e conferencista a fim de estreitar as relações culturais entre os Estados Unidos e o Brasil – sua viagem, financiada pelo governo norte-americano, deu origem à narrativa A volta do gato preto. No presente artigo, pretendeu-se analisar a narrativa de viagem A volta do gato preto à luz da teorização apresentada por Mary Louise Pratt em Imperial eyes: travel writing and transculturation, empreendendo uma leitura norteada principalmente pelos conceitos de transculturação, anti-conquista, autoetnografia, zona de contato e seeing-man.
Autor, editor e editado: Erico Verissimo sob o crivo norte-americano
Authors: Minchillo Carlos Cortez
Published: January 2018

Este artigo trata de alguns aspectos do complexo trânsito intercultural de livros e da política de tradução. Baseado em pesquisa de arquivo e focalizando a carreira internacional de Erico Verissimo, este trabalho sintetiza o processo de publicação nos Estados Unidos das obras de Verissimo e revela várias reações que elas provocaram em editores, tradutores e pareceristas. Proponho que a trajetória das edições norte-americanas de Erico Verissimo ilumina procedimentos de publicação, expectativas editoriais e filtros culturais que impactam a análise de literatura estrangeira e a seleção de títulos para tradução.
Macrophage Transitions in Heart Valve Development and Myxomatous Valve Disease
Authors: Hulin Alexia , Anstine Lindsey J. , Kim Andrew J. , Potter Sarah J. , DeFalco Tony , Lincoln Joy , Yutzey Katherine E.
Published: January 2018

Objective—

Hematopoietic-derived cells have been reported in heart valves but remain poorly characterized. Interestingly, recent studies reveal infiltration of leukocytes and increased macrophages in human myxomatous mitral valves. Nevertheless, timing and contribution of macrophages in normal valves and myxomatous valve disease are still unknown. The objective is to characterize leukocytes during postnatal heart valve maturation and identify macrophage subsets in myxomatous valve disease.

Approach and Results—

Leukocytes are detected in heart valves after birth, and their numbers increase during postnatal valve development. Flow cytometry and immunostaining analysis indicate that almost all valve leukocytes are myeloid cells, consisting of at least 2 differentially localized macrophage subsets and dendritic cells. Beginning a week after birth, increased numbers of CCR2+ (C-C chemokine receptor type 2) macrophages are present, consistent with infiltrating populations of monocytes, and macrophages are localized in regions of biomechanical stress in the valve leaflets. Valve leukocytes maintain expression of CD (cluster of differentiation) 45 and do not contribute to significant numbers of endothelial or interstitial cells. Macrophage lineages were examined in aortic and mitral valves of
Axin2
KO (knockout) mice that exhibit myxomatous features. Infiltrating CCR2+ monocytes and expansion of CD206-expressing macrophages are localized in regions where modified heavy chain hyaluronan is observed in myxomatous valve leaflets. Similar colocalization of modified hyaluronan and increased numbers of macrophages were observed in human myxomatous valve disease.

Conclusions—

Our study demonstrates the heterogeneity of myeloid cells in heart valves and highlights an alteration of macrophage subpopulations, notably an increased presence of infiltrating CCR2+ monocytes and CD206+ macrophages, in myxomatous valve disease.
Larval morphology of Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), H. longiporus Thor, 1898 and H. trigonicus Koenike, 1895 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)
Authors: TUZOVSKIJ PETR V.
Published: January 2018

This study presents a detailed taxonomic review of water mite larvae and females of three species of the genus Hygrobates Koch, 1837 found in the Fauna of Russia: Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), H. longiporus Thor, 1898 and H. trigonicus Koenike, 1895. The larvae described by Wainstein (1980) under the name H. longiporus and H. foreli were probably misidentified and belong to other species.
A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile
Authors: GONZÁLEZ CHRISTIAN R. , ELGUETA MARIO , RAMIREZ FRANCISCO
Published: January 2018

A catalog of the Acroceridae from Chile is provided. All valid names and synonyms are presented, totaling 33 species and nine genera for the country. All references known to us from the taxonomic and biological literature, including information about name, author, year of publication, page number, type species, type locality and references are given. Type material of different authors was revised. The species Lasia cuprea is revalidated. The geographical distribution of the different species is recorded from the revised collections and bibliographic data. Holops cyaneus Philippi, 1865 is designated as type species of Holops Philippi, 1865.
Genetic variation of GRIA3 gene is associated with vulnerability to methamphetamine dependence and its associated psychosis
Authors: Iamjan Sri-arun , Thanoi Samur , Watiktinkorn Paritat , Reynolds Gavin P , Nudmamud-Thanoi Sutisa
Published: January 2018

Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive psychostimulant drug commonly leading to schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms. Disturbances in glutamatergic neurotransmission have been proposed as neurobiological mechanisms and the α-amino-3 hydroxy-5 methyl-4 isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor has been implicated in these processes. Moreover, genetic variants in GRIAs, genes encoding AMPA receptor subunits, have been observed in association with both drug dependence and psychosis. We hypothesized that variation of GRIA genes may be associated with METH dependence and METH-induced psychosis. Genotyping of GRIA1 rs1428920, GRIA2 rs3813296, GRIA3 rs3761554, rs502434 and rs989638 was performed in 102 male Thai controls and 100 METH-dependent subjects (53 with METH-dependent psychosis). We observed no evidence of association with METH dependence and METH-dependent psychosis in the GRIA1 and GRIA2 polymorphisms, nor with single polymorphisms rs3761554 and rs989638 in GRIA3. An association of GRIA3 rs502434 was identified with both METH dependence and METH-dependent psychosis, although this did not withstand correction for multiple testing. Combining the analysis of this site with the previously-demonstrated association with BDNF rs6265 resulted in a highly significant effect. These preliminary findings indicate that genetic variability in GRIA3 may interact with a functional BDNF polymorphism to provide a strong risk factor for the development of METH dependence in the Thai population.
Venture Capital Research: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Fried Vance H. , Hisrich Robert D.
Published: January 2018

The period since 1980 has seen the emergence of venture capital as an area of academic interest and research activity. This interest is merited given the importance of venture capital to economic development and new venture creation. This paper surveys venture capital research since 1981. Based upon that research, a descriptive model of the venture capital process is proposed. The model is then used to develop suggestions for future research topics. Suggestions for improving research methodology are also included.
Role Model Performance Effects on Development of Entrepreneurial Career Preference
Authors: Scherer Robert F. , Adams Janet S. , Carley Susan S. , Wiebe Frank A.
Published: January 2018

Critics of the trait approach to the study of entrepreneurship have called for adaptation of theory from other disciplines to explain entrepreneurial behavior. This study responds by focusing on the first step in the process by which entrepreneurial career preference is developed. Social Learning Theory was used to investigate the link between a parent role model and development of preference for an entrepreneurial career. Results indicated that presence of a parent entrepreneurial role model was associated with increased education and training aspirations, task self-efficacy, and expectancy for an entrepreneurial career. Two dimensions of entrepreneurial career preference, entrepreneurial preparedness and expectancy, were identified.
Some Suggestions for Research on Entrepreneurial Traits and Characteristics
Authors: Gartner William B.
Published: January 2018

This article suggests that researchers submitting manuscripts on entrepreneurial traits and characteristics should: ground their studies in the context of previous research, articulate a specific theory about the nature of entrepreneurship and its relationship to the entrepreneur, define key ideas and variables, conscientiously identify and select samples, and use current social psychology and personality theory-based measurement instruments or provide construct validity evidence for newly constructed measures.
Toward a Multidimensional Model of Entrepreneurship: The Case of Achievement Motivation and the Entrepreneur
Authors: Johnson Bradley R.
Published: January 2018

The results of studies attempting to link achievement motivation and entrepreneurship are reviewed. Despite variability among the studies regarding samples, operationalization of achievement motivation, and its measurement, a fairly consistent relationship between achievement motivation and entrepreneurship was found. This review of the research suggests that the study of psychological traits and motives should be continued, but that these variables should be more precisely operationalized, measured with valid instruments, and included as one dimension in theory-driven, multidimensional research models of entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Formation: A Brief Perspective on the Infrastructure in Europe
Authors: Carsrud Alan L.
Published: January 2018

This essay provides one perception of the infrastructure of academic entrepreneurship in Europe from the perspective of an American academic working there. It is not intended to provide a comprehensive picture of the status of academic entrepreneurship in the various nations of Europe. That is best left to the Europeans themselves. Its fundamental aim, however, is to provide some information and insight on unique European approaches to the study of small/medium enterprises and entrepreneurship. The paper attempts to reflect the diversity of the European investigation of entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises.
Entrepreneurship Education and Research outside North America
Authors: Brockhaus Robert H.
Published: January 2018

Many developing countries have been forced by growing budget deficits and mounting foreign debt burdens to find ways to reduce the size of the public sector or at least to arrest further growth. Thus the public sector can no longer be expected to provide employment for a large portion of new graduates as has traditionally been the case. Privatization of inefficient and over-staffed public enterprises is often one element of many countries’ efforts to reduce public spending, and in the process substantial retrenchment must occur. This adds to the unemployment problem, at least in the short and medium term.

In their efforts to restructure and reduce the public sector, many governments are turning to the private sector to generate increasing employment and to provide many of the services previously provided by government. The private sector is recognized as the main engine of growth. The capacity of modern, large-scale industry to employ the growing number of labor force entrants is restricted, however, because of limited size and capital-intensive production methods. Thus, the private small enterprise sector is seen both as having the greatest potential for creating substantial employment at lower levels of investment and as providing a seedbed for enterpreneurial talent and a testing place for new industries.

The U.S. and Europe are not the only places in the world where entrepreneurship is recognized as playing a major role in economic development. Even former communist countries are focusing a great amount of effort on fostering entrepreneurship. Following the government initiatives, universities are not only offering courses, but are also conducting a growing amount of both practical and theoretical research on entrepreneurship issues. As entrepreneurs and small business research conferences become even more “international” in attendance and issues, there will be fewer differences between different regions of the world from an academic perspective.
Contributing Editor's Feature
Authors: Birley Sue
Published: January 2018

There is an increasing, but as yet small, body of literature which questions the validity of assuming universal truths in the field of entrepreneurship. Cross cultural studies are beginning to highlight national differences in the motivations of entrepreneurs and to identify the extent to which these are due to the very different environments in which they operate. Despite this, there continues to be an assumption that, whilst the people and the context may vary, the models of economic regeneration are universal. Nowhere is this dichotomy clearer than in the “third world.”

In the spirit of bringing this debate into the “mainstream literature,” I asked Malcolm Harper to write a piece on his view of Enterprise Development in Poorer Nations. Although based at Cranfield, Malcolm has spent the last 20 years working in developing countries helping to develop and implement new enterprise strategies. In his work he considers his general focus “[expost rationalised] is empowerment for disadvantaged through enterprise.” I hope that you find his views illuminating. If you do you can explore the issues further in a new journal he has recently launched, “Small Enterprise Development,” which concentrates upon this field.
A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior
Authors: Covin Jeffrey G. , Slevin Dennis P.
Published: January 2018

This article outlines a conceptual model of entrepreneurship as an organizational-level phenomenon. The model is intended to depict the organizational system elements that relate to entrepreneurial behavior among larger, established firms, but may also be applicable in varying degrees to many smaller firms. Entrepreneurship is described as a dimension of strategic posture represented by a firm's risk-taking propensity, tendency to act in competitively aggressive, proactive manners, and reliance on frequent and extensive product innovation. The proposed model delineates the antecedents and consequences of an entrepreneurial posture as well as the variables that moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial posture and firm performance. The advantages of a firm-behavior perspective on entrepreneurship are discussed, as are the theoretical and managerial implications of such a perspective.
A Bayesian two-stage regression approach of analysing longitudinal outcomes with endogeneity and incompleteness
Authors: Bhuyan Prajamitra , Biswas Jayabrata , Ghosh Pulak , Das Kiranmoy
Published: January 2018

Abstract:

Two-stage regression methods are typically used for handling endogeneity in the simultaneous equations models in economics and other social sciences. However, the problem is challenging in the presence of incomplete response and/or incomplete endogenous covariate(s). We propose a Bayesian approach for the joint modelling of incomplete longitudinal continuous response and an incomplete count endogenous covariate, where the incompleteness is caused by the censorship through a selection mechanism. We define latent continuous variables which are left-censored at zero and develop a Gibbs sampling algorithm for the simultaneous estimation of the model parameters. We consider partially varying coefficients regression models containing covariates with fixed and time-varying effects on the response. Our work is motivated by a sample dataset from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) for modelling the out-of-pocket medical cost, where the number of hospital admissions is considered as an endogenous covariate. Our analysis addresses some of the previously unanswered questions on the physical and financial health of the older population based on HRS data. Simulation studies are performed for assessing the usefulness of the proposed method compared to its competitors.
Genomic CDKN2A/2B deletions in adult Ph+ ALL are adverse despite allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Pfeifer Heike , Raum Katharina , Markovic Sandra , Nowak Verena , Fey Stephanie , Obländer Julia , Pressler Jovita , Böhm Verena , Brüggemann Monika , Wunderle Lydia , Hüttmann Andreas , Wäsch Ralph , Beck Joachim , Stelljes Matthias , Viardot Andreas , Lang Fabian , Hoelzer Dieter , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Serve Hubert , Weiss Christel , Goekbuget Nicola , Ottmann Oliver G. , Nowak Daniel
Published: January 2018

Key Points

Genomic deletions of CDKN2A/2B are a new independent prognostic risk factor in adult Ph+ ALL.
Psychosurgery and the Mental Health Act Commission
Authors: Bridges Paul K.
Published: January 2018

It was fully anticipated that the Mental Health Act Commission would take special interest in psychosurgery, and Section 57 is clearly intended to supervise this form of therapy. The Chairman of the Commission, Lord Colville, considerately arranged a visit to our Unit shortly after the implementation of the Act, and this proved to be a most useful meeting. Obviously we were ready to give any help or advice needed, based on our experience of over 1,100 operations carried out over about 20 years. Our world-unique unit has eight beds specifically for the assessment and treatment of patients referred for psychosurgery, although intensive antidepressant medication is sometimes used successfully in order to avoid psychosurgery.
Academic Psychiatry versus Patient Care—A Personal View
Authors: Nehama Victor S.
Published: January 2018

Teaching and research and Membership Examination orientation, this is the new religion and the major preoccupation now of every ‘good’ psychiatrist. There is a growing attitude that day-to-day patient care, unless there is a new experiment or innovation, is too familiar and therefore contemptible, and consultants have better things to do. Is it not time to reserve some credit to old-fashioned good patient care, to which all medical people, even the most academic, pay lip service. After all, to win resources doctors have usually to prove to the public the benefits to patient care and not to teaching and research.