bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women in Ethiopian Tax Administration: Evidence on Representation and Performance
Authors: Yimam Seid , Mekonne Yalew
Published: January 2025

In the growing body of research on gender and taxation in low-income countries, the implications of having more women in tax administration have received relatively little attention. Using data from employee records and key informant interviews, we examine the representation of women in the workforce of the Ethiopian tax administration, as well as their performance and their misconduct. The findings show that women dominate the overall workforce in most branch offices. However, women overwhelmingly occupy lower ranked positions and their engagement at the top level of management is quite limited. Our analysis of gender-disaggregated employee performance scores indicates that there is no conclusive evidence to claim women perform better than men employees, though most of the key informants tend to believe otherwise. However, misconduct records present a strong case that women employees are less likely to commit serious disciplinary misconduct, such as corruption and breaching trust, and more likely to serve for a longer number of years compared to men employees. We also present cross-country comparisons with Uganda and other ATAF member countries. Our overall findings underline the significant contributions of employing more women in tax administration and the need to further empower women through continued leadership training and mentoring programmes
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PROYEK PENGUATAN PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA PADA FASE F UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN BUDAYA MEMBATIK PADA PESERTA DIDIK [DEVELOPMENT OF A MODULE FOR PHASE F OF THE PANCASILA STUDENT PROFILE STRENGTHENING PROJECT (P5) TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF BATIK CULTURE]
Authors: Pratomo Laurensia Claudia , Isnawati Dian , Purtri Komalasari Febyana
Published: January 2025

This study aims to develop and evaluate the Project to Strengthen Pancasila Student Profile (P5) module with a local wisdom theme. The P5 activities in this module are designed to enhance students' understanding of batik culture. The Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model was applied in this study. However, the research was limited to the third phase of ADDIE, which is the development phase. Therefore, the ADDIE model in this research consists of the analysis phase, the design phase, and the development phase. The P5 module utilizes the dimensions of collaboration, creativity, and global diversity as indicators of the achievement of the Pancasila Student Profile. The developed module underwent validity testing by expert media validators and expert material validators. The assessment results indicate that the P5 module with the local wisdom theme is highly suitable for use in P5 activities. 
Abstrak bahasa Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi modul Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) dengan tema kearifan lokal. Kegiatan P5 pada modul ini bertujuan meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik tentang budaya batik. Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dibatasi pada tahap ketiga ADDIE yaitu pengembangan, sehingga model pengembangan ADDIE dalam penelitian terdiri atas tahap analisis, tahap perancangan, dan tahap pengembangan. Modul P5 ini menggunakan dimensi gotong royong, kreatif, dan berkebhinekaan global sebagai indikator pencapaian Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Modul yang dikembangkan telah melalui uji validitas oleh validator ahli media dan validator ahli materi. Hasil penilaian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa modul P5 dengan tema kearifan lokal sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan P5.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN SINTAKSIS PADA ARTIKEL JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA [ANALYSIS OF SYNTAX ERRORS IN STUDENT SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ARTICLES]
Authors: Nababan Ernie Bertha , Rianto  , Kusuma Dewi , Rizkina Tiara , Sastromihardjo Andoyo
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze syntactic errors in students' scientific articles, especially in the application of the principles of effective sentences. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with primary data in the form of 18 scientific articles in non-synta journals written by undergraduate or S-1 Indonesian Language and Literature study program students from 12 different universities as author affiliations. Data collection was carried out through documentation techniques, and analysis was carried out using a content analysis approach for three months, namely October to December 2024. The results of the study showed that the most common syntactic errors occurred in the aspects of unity of ideas, coherence, and emphasis. These errors include illogical combinations of ideas, lack of integration between sentences, and inability to emphasize the main idea. In addition, errors were also found in variations in sentence structure, parallelism, and logical reasoning. These findings reflect students' weak understanding of the basic principles of syntax and effective sentences. This study concludes that intensive training and guidance in academic writing are needed to improve the quality of students' scientific articles. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of scientific writing learning strategies in higher education. 
Abstrak bahasa Indonesia 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan sintaksis dalam artikel ilmiah mahasiswa, khususnya dalam penerapan prinsip kalimat efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan data utama berupa 18 artikel ilmiah pada jurnal non sinta yang ditulis mahasiswa program studi Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia jenjang sarjana atau S-1, dari 12 perguruan tinggi yang berbeda sebagai afiliasi penulis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik dokumentasi, dan analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan analisis isi selama tiga bulan, yaitu bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan sintaksis paling umum terjadi pada aspek kesatuan gagasan, koherensi, dan penekanan. Kesalahan ini meliputi penggabungan ide yang tidak logis, kurangnya keterpaduan antar-kalimat, serta ketidakmampuan menekankan gagasan utama. Selain itu, ditemukan pula kesalahan dalam variasi struktur kalimat, paralelisme, dan penalaran logika. Temuan ini mencerminkan lemahnya pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap prinsip-prinsip dasar sintaksis dan kalimat efektif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pelatihan intensif dan bimbingan menulis akademik diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas artikel ilmiah mahasiswa. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan strategi pembelajaran menulis ilmiah di perguruan tinggi.
Sleep disturbances in patients with comorbid coronary heart disease and depression
Authors: Nonka T. G. , Lebedeva E. V. , Repin A. N. , Schastnyy E. D.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To study the presence and severity of insomnia in patients with comorbid coronary heart disease (CHD) and depressive disorder (DD).

Materials and methods. The study included 132 patients with CHD (class II–III exertional angina after myocardial infarction experienced more than 6 months ago): 58 patients with DD and 74 patients without depression. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to diagnose DD. The diagnosis in all cases was confirmed by a therapist. Sleep disturbances were assessed using the Sheehan Patient-Rated Anxiety Scale (ShAS). The data were presented as M ± SD; n (%); and Me [25%; 75%]. The differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.

Results. Insomnia in the general group of patients was registered as follows: none or clinically not significant – in 62 patients (54.9%), clinically significant – in 51 patients (45.1%). Night awakenings in the general group of patients were detected as follows: none or clinically not significant – in 66 patients (58.4%), clinically significant – in 47 patients (41.6%). Disturbances in falling asleep and night awakenings were significantly pronounced in patients with CHD with identified DD compared to patients without mental disorders: disturbances in falling asleep – 2 [1; 3] vs. 1 [0; 2] (p = 0.0001), night awakenings – 2 [1; 3] vs. 1 [0; 2] (p = 0.00002), respectively. In the group of CHD with DD (n = 58), 2 people (3.4%) did not complete the scale. Among those who did, 12 patients (21.4%) had no difficulty falling asleep, 9 patients (16.1%) had little difficulty, and 35 patients (62.5%) had clinically significant disturbances. In the group of CHD without DD (n = 74), 17 people (23%) did not complete the scale. Among those who did (n = 57), 21 patients (36.8%) had no difficulty falling asleep, 20 patients (35.1%) had little difficulty, and 16 patients (28.1%) had clinically significant problems. In patients with comorbid CHD and DD who completed the ShARS (n = 56), 7 patients (12.5%) had no night awakenings, 17 patients (30.4%) had few night awakenings, and 32 patients (57.1%) had clinically significant disturbances in maintaining sleep. In the group without DD, among those who completed the ShARS (n = 57), 18 patients (31.6%) had no night awakenings, 24 patients (42.1%) had few night awakenings, and 15 patients (26.4%) had clinically significant disturbances in maintaining sleep. Significant differences were noted for all test questions (p < 0.0005).

Conclusion. In patients with comorbid CHD and DD, changes in the circadian rhythm are detected in the form of significant disturbances in falling asleep and awakening, which can aggravate the clinical course of CHD and the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Une saison riche mais sèche : politique(s) et technique(s) du droit pénal européen de l’environnement
Authors: Lagoutte Julien
Published: January 2025

Photo©AdobeStock
Islamic business ethics in Muslim fashion store: A study at 3 Nur Shop, Pattani, Thailand
Authors: U-Mar Nurainee , Andriansyah Yuli , Hattabou Anas
Published: January 2025

Introduction The integration of Islamic business ethics into entrepreneurship is critical in predominantly Muslim societies. This study examines the implementation of these ethics at the 3 Nur Shop, a Muslim-owned convection business in Pattani, Thailand. The study highlights how adherence to ethical principles can influence business performance and community perceptions.Objectives This research aims to analyze the application of Islamic business ethics—based on the principles of Shiddiq (honesty), Amanah (trustworthiness), Fathanah (wisdom), and Tabligh (communication)—in the operations of 3 Nur Shop and to evaluate its social and economic contributions to the local community.Method The study employs a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were gathered from the shop’s employees to assess ethical adherence in daily operations, while qualitative data were collected from customers to understand their perceptions and experiences with the shop.Results Findings indicate that 3 Nur Shop practices Islamic business ethics comprehensively. Honesty is reflected in clear product information, trustworthiness in fulfilling customer expectations, wisdom in business innovation, and effective communication in maintaining customer relationships. These practices foster trust, enhance customer loyalty, and contribute to sustainable business growth.Implications The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating ethical practices in Muslim-owned businesses as a strategy for achieving commercial success while adhering to religious values. It provides a framework for entrepreneurs to integrate moral principles into their operations, fostering both ethical compliance and customer satisfaction.Originality/Novelty This research contributes to the literature by presenting a practical case study of Islamic business ethics implementation. It demonstrates how these principles can create a competitive advantage and build community trust, offering valuable insights for businesses in predominantly Muslim regions.
Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en un campus universitario de Guatemala: bases para una huella de carbono neutral a 2040
Authors: Gálvez-Campos Byron , Sosa Escobar Fabiola , de León Alvarado Andrés , Hernández Sosa Derick , Escalante Cantoral María , Castañeda Gramajo Lucía , González Rivera Fátima
Published: January 2025

En los últimos años, los impactos del calentamiento global han aumentado y se han hecho más visibles a través de fenómenos climáticos extremos. Como parte de los compromisos voluntarios ante el Acuerdo de París, Guatemala se comprometió en 2021 a reducir 6.09 millones de tCO2 equivalentes para el año 2030. Entendiéndose como un sector que debe llevar la batuta en materia de diseño de estrategias de mitigación del cambio climático, muchas universidades alrededor del mundo se encuentran en procesos de establecimiento de líneas de base y, desde ahí, planteando escenarios a futuro para alcanzar la neutralidad en emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Es por esa razón que la Universidad Rafael Landívar de Guatemala (URL) plantea este proyecto de investigación para establecer su línea de base de emisiones de GEI. La metodología de cálculo de emisiones sigue las directrices del estándar ISO 14064-1 y el protocolo de GEI del Instituto Mundial de los Recursos y el Consejo Mundial Empresarial para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Los límites espaciales de esta investigación fueron definidos por las llamadas emisiones directas de alcance 1 e indirectas de alcance 2. En el año de base elegido (2019), las emisiones de GEI alcanzaron 2488.16 tCO2 equivalentes. La mayor parte de las emisiones están vinculadas al consumo de energía eléctrica, seguidas en orden descendente por las emisiones debidas al tratamiento de aguas residuales, fuentes móviles, equipos de refrigeración y aire acondicionado y las fuentes estacionarias. A partir de esta investigación, el Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología plantea las primeras orientaciones para que la URL trace estrategias de mitigación del cambio climático en aras de alcanzar la neutralidad en sus operaciones al año 2040.
Origin of the Light
Authors: Liu Shangqing
Published: January 2025

Light is fundamentally essential to the universe. It can be said that light fills and builds the universe. Because of light, energy is transmitted, information is delivered, plants are developed, and the universe is investigated. However, what is the physical origin of light? What is the intrinsic nature of light? These questions have not been clearly comprehended until now. Multiple observed optical phenomena cannot be satisfactorily explained by current theories, such as "photon mass," "light pressure," "light bending," "wavelength redshift," "wave-particle duality," "light speed," and even "photosynthesis." Inspired by the observed phenomena of a photon appearing after electron-positron annihilation, and a photon splitting into an electron and a positron after a collision, the author has realized that the photon is composed of a pair of a positron and an electron, making the photon an extremely tiny electric dipole. Additionally, the well-known facts of strong gamma-ray bursts from nuclear fission, fusion, and black holes reveal that atoms are made of photons, meaning that photons are the basic building blocks of the universe. The gamma-ray bursts are real substances, not just energy, released from the nuclei. The so-called mass-energy conservation is not true. The electric dipole model of the photon can explain the aforementioned confusing phenomena simply and effectively, including why light has its electromagnetic wave properties accurately. Furthermore, the author indicates that there is a difference between light and electromagnetic waves and that, perhaps because of this, photosynthesis can be induced by light, not just electromagnetic waves. Additionally, the crucial concept that "light speed in a vacuum is constant" is questioned. The author is confident in these new understandings and welcomes discussions to help find the natural truth earlier.
A Computational Model of Minimal Phenomenal Experience (MPE)
Authors: Sandved-Smith Lars
Published: January 2025

Minimal phenomenal experience (MPE), or "pure consciousness," represents a fundamental form of conscious experience characterised by reflexive meta-awareness and the absence of many features of regular phenomenology. It has been described as e.g. non-conceptual, atemporal, non-egoic and aperspectival. This paper aims to develop a computational model of MPE using the mathematics of variational free energy minimization derived from the free energy principle (FEP). I employ a computational neurophenomenology approach, formalising key phenomenological features of MPE within the active inference framework. The model incorporates parametric depth, allowing for higher-order inferences about generative model parameters. I relate specific model parameterisations to reported MPE qualities such as meta-awareness, equanimity, effortlessness, and non-conceptuality. The proposed model suggests that MPE arises when an agent achieves very low free energy through self-directed awareness and modulation of their generative model, particularly by emphasising awareness of awareness itself. The model predicts elements of MPE phenomenology including a sense of effortlessness, timelessness, and the potential for a "zero-person perspective”. The implementation details for a simulation of the proposed model are outlined, as well as directions for empirical validation.
Establishment of Expanded Newborn Screening in Rural Area of Developing Country, a Model of Health Region 7 and 8 in Thailand
Authors: Wichajarn Khunton , Sawatjui Nopporn , Prasongdee Prinya , Panklin Amrin , Sornkayasit Kanda , Chungkanchana Natchita , Tessiri Supharada , Wintachai Preawwalee , Dechyotin Sumalai , Pasomboon Chalanda , Ratanapontee Jilawaporn , Thanakitsuwan Sureerat , Rattanathongkom Aree
Published: January 2025

Expanded newborn screening (NBS) programs are essential for early detection and treatment. This study highlights the implementation of an expanded NBS program for inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in rural Thailand, focusing on Health Regions 7 and 8 as a model for resource-limited settings. Using the KKU-IEM web-based platform, the program streamlined workflows, integrated logistics, real-time sample tracking, and electronic data management. Regular training sessions, continuous feedback, and systematic monitoring improved outcomes. From October 2022, the program covered 98.6% of 123,692 live births, identifying 101 CH cases (1 in 1,208 live births) and 20 IEM cases (1 in 6,100 live births). CH incidence was slightly higher than Thailand’s national average, while IEM incidence was double that of a Bangkok pilot study. Six cases highlighted maternal conditions affecting outcomes. Process improvements reduced average reporting time from 9.13 days in 2023 to 8.4 days in 2024, with a 19% reduction in Bueng Kan province. Efficiencies were driven by electronic ordering, real-time tracking, and stakeholder collaboration. This program demonstrates a scalable model for rural settings, emphasizing technology integration, collaboration, and quality control. Future efforts should refine diagnostics, expand disease coverage, and enhance long-term outcomes.
Topics of Study in Under-18 Padel Categories: A Systematic Review
Authors: Martín-Miguel Iván , Muñoz Diego , Conde-Ripoll Rafael , Bustamante-Sánchez Álvaro , Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino J. , Escudero-Tena Adrián
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on padel among youth players (under 18). After searching through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, 16 articles were analyzed, covering teaching methodologies, psychological factors, physiological demands, physical characteristics, and game parameters. Studies on teaching methodologies highlighted effective approaches for enhancing player learning, such as modifying court size (from 20x10 to 10x6 meters) and using lower pressure balls. Psychological factors showed higher levels of self-confidence and lower cognitive and somatic anxiety, with better values observed in younger players. Understanding physiological demands and physical characteristics based on sex (e.g., maximum oxygen consumption in U14 boys: 47.21±4.49 vs girls: 41.29±4.35 mL/kg/min) and age (e.g., squat jump power in girls; U14: 1565±277 vs U16: 1724±246) helps tailor training sessions to meet these needs, enhancing players' physical condition. Gameplay parameters revealed competition characteristics such as temporal parameters (7-9 seconds for lower-level players and 9-12 seconds for national category), number of strokes (from 4 at initiation level to 6-9 at regional and national levels), and specific technical actions (forehand and backhand for initiation level, volleys for advanced level, and bandeja to finish points). In conclusion, this review offers insights for developing new research and helps coaches plan training sessions by using effective teaching methods and adapting training to the specific physical, physiological, psychological, and game parameters of youth players, optimizing performance by considering age and sex differences.
Crop Yield Time-Series Data Prediction Based on Multiple Hybrid Machine Learning Models
Authors: Yan Yueru , Wang Yue , Li Jialin , Zhang Jingwei , Mo Xingye
Published: January 2025

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the global economy and social stability, and accurate crop yield prediction is essential for rational planting planning and decision-making. This study focuses on crop yield Time-Series Data prediction. Considering the crucial significance of agriculture in the global economy and social stability and the importance of accurate crop yield prediction for rational planting planning and decision-making, this research uses a dataset containing multiple crops, multiple regions, and data over many years to deeply explore the relationships between climatic factors (average rainfall, average temperature) and agricultural inputs (pesticide usage) and crop yield. Multiple hybrid machine learning models such as Linear Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boost, XGBoost, KNN, Decision Tree, and Bagging Regressor are adopted for yield prediction. After evaluation, it is found that the Random Forest and Bagging Regressor models perform excellently in predicting crop yield with high accuracy and low error.As agricultural data becomes increasingly rich and time-series prediction techniques continue to evolve, the results of this study contribute to advancing the practical application of crop yield prediction in agricultural production management. The integration of time-series analysis allows for more dynamic, data-driven decision-making, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of crop yield forecasts over time.
An Overview of Quinolones as Potential Drugs: Synthesis, Reactivity and Biological Activities
Authors: El-mrabet Ayoub , Haoudi Amal , Kandri -Rodi Youssef , Mazzah Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Quinolones represent one of the largest classes of synthetic antibiotics used in both human and veterinary medicine. Subsequent to the discovery of nalidixic acid, a substantial body of research has been carried out on quinolones, resulting in the synthesis of a number of quinolone derivatives with exceptional pharmacology. In addition to their antibacterial action, quinolones have a broad spectrum of diverse biological activities. In this regard, the present review examines the literature of recent years describing synthesis protocols, reactivity and biological properties, with particular emphasis on the antibacterial, antimalarial, antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial, antiviral and anticancer activities of these famous nuclei. Finally, this review highlights the potential of quinolones as preferred pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry. The aim is to highlight the innovative aspects of rationally designing new therapeutic agents with this structural motif, in the face of emerging antibiotic resistance and the urgent need for new active molecules.
Ecological Education—Application of Biofuel Combustion in Oxy-Thermal Processes for Industrial Furnaces
Authors: Ioana Adrian , Paunescu Lucian , Constantin Nicolae , Semenescu Augustin , Canuta (Bucuroiu) Ionela Luminita
Published: January 2025

The last decades have offered new challenges to researchers worldwide through the problems our planet is facing both in the environment protection field and the need to replace fossil fuels with new environmentally friendly alternatives. Bioenergy as a form of renewable energy is an acceptable option from all points of view and biofuels due to their biological origin have the ability to satisfy the new needs of humanity. By releasing some non-polluting combustion products into the atmosphere, biofuels have already been adopted as additives in traditional liquid fuels, being intended mainly for internal combustion engines of automobiles. The current work proposes an extension of biofuels application in combustion processes specific to industrial furnaces. This technical concern is not found in the literature, except for achievements of the research team involved in this work, which has performed previous investigations. A 51.5 kW-burner was designed to operate with glycerine originating from triglycerides of plants and animals, mixed with ethanol, an alcohol produced by the chemical industry recently used as an additive in gasoline for automobile engines. Industrial oxygen was chosen as the oxidizing agent necessary for the liquid mixture combustion, allowing to obtain much higher flame temperatures compared to the usual combustion processes using air. Mixing glycerine with ethanol in 8.8 ratio allowed growing flame stability, accentuated also by creating swirl currents in the flame through the speed regime of fluids at the exit from the burner body. Results were excellent both through the flame stability and low level of polluting emissions.
Functional Brain Responses to Short-Duration Light Physical Activity in Children: Insights from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Petrušič Tanja
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a crucial role in cognitive functions such as attention, working memory and executive functions. Physical activity (PA), even at light-intensity, has been shown to increase PFC activity. However, most studies have focused on moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercises or on adults, while little data is available for children engaging in light-intensity PA (LPA). The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the hemodynamics of the PFC during short-term, light-intensity exercises in children using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The secondary aim was to compare the responses between two exercise patterns differing in duration (10 vs. 20 seconds).Methods: Thirty-eight healthy children aged 10 to 14 years from private schools in Barcelona participated in this study. Seven light-intensity exercises were performed in randomized order according to two patterns: Pattern 1 (10 seconds per exercise) and Pattern 2 (20 seconds per exercise). Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) were measured by fNIRS in three PFC regions: right (R-PFC), middle (M-PFC) and left (L-PFC). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine significant differences, with gender, age and resting oxy-Hb Z-scores as covariates.Results: Significant increases in oxy-Hb Z-scores were observed in the M-PFC during event A (Upward Stretch) and in all PFC regions during event D (Trunk Twist) in pattern 1. Events related to coordination and balance, such as balancing on one leg, also elicited significant activation of the PFC. However, simpler movements, such as hand washing and elbow circles, showed no significant changes. Comparisons between patterns 1 and 2 showed no significant differences, suggesting that duration alone has no effect on PFC activation.Conclusions: Light-intensity coordination and balance exercises stimulate PFC activity, even for short durations. These results emphasize the potential for integrating such exercises in school or rehabilitation settings to promote cognitive and motor development in children.
Antibiotic Use, Misconceptions, and Knowledge Gaps Among the Sri Lankan Public: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Sutharsan Mathanki , Mohamed Fahim , Damayanthi Hdwt , Sakeena M.H.F.
Published: January 2025

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health challenge globally, driven in part by inappropriate antibiotic use and limited public awareness. In Sri Lanka, understanding the public’s knowledge and practices regarding antibiotics and AMR is essential to inform public health interventions aimed at curbing resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate antibiotic use, knowledge of appropriate antibiotic use and AMR among the Sri Lankan public. Methods: A descriptive multi-center cross-sectional study of 1,520 participants from four Sri Lankan hospitals used a validated questionnaire to assess demographics, antibiotic use, and AMR knowledge. Chi-squared tests examined associations between knowledge and demographic variables. Results: Over half of the participants (56.2%) reported antibiotic use within the past year, with many showing misconceptions about proper antibiotic use. Key misunderstandings include the appropriateness of antibiotics for viral infections (51%) and discontinuing antibiotics upon feeling better (58.4%). Only 41.1% reported being aware that antibiotics prescribed for others should not be shared. Individuals who had attained a college or university-level education demonstrated significantly greater knowledge about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and appropriate antibiotic use compared to those with lower levels of education(p=0.000). Conclusion: This study highlights critical gaps in public understanding of antibiotics and AMR in Sri Lanka, particularly among those with lower education levels. These gaps underscore the need for targeted educational initiatives and strengthened antimicrobial stewardship programs to promote rationale antibiotic use. Addressing these misconceptions through accessible public health campaigns could significantly contribute to the reduction of AMR in Sri Lanka.
The Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States: A Reliable and Valid Measure of Emotional Functioning for Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: López-Jiménez Celia María , Cano-García Francisco Javier , Sanduvete-Chaves Susana , Chacón-Moscoso Salvador
Published: January 2025

Background: Although the Profile of Mood States has been proposed by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) to measure emotional functioning in chronic pain, it has not yet been validated in these patients. Objective: To confirm the factor structure and internal consistency of the Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States (37 items) in patients with chronic pain. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the theoretical structure of six factors that result in a Total Mood Disturbance episode: Tension-Anxiety (6 items), Depression-Dejection (8 items), Anger-Hostility (7 items), Vigor-Activity (6 items), Fatigue-Inertia (5 items), and Confusion-Bewilderment (5 items). Participants: A total of 588 patients with chronic pain from Spanish primary care health and community centers completed the questionnaire. Results: The factors presented adequate reliability coefficients, McDonald’s Omega (ω) between .77 and .91; and appropriate average discrimination indexes (D), ranging from .35 to .67. The Total Mood Disturbance yielded excellent results, ω = .95, D = .61. The original structure was confirmed, ECVI = 4.361 (saturated ECVI = 2.395; independent ECVI = 21.855); RMSEA = .070, 90% CI [.067, .072]; GFI = .974; AGFI = .971; CFI = .853; NFI = .812; and NNFI = .843. Conclusions: The Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States has proven a valid and reliable measure of emotional functioning in chronic pain patients.
Hearing Loss in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Audiometric Findings and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Faye Lindiwe Modest , Hosu Mojisola Clara , Dlatu Ntandazo , Henge-Daweti Vathiswa , Apalata Teke
Published: January 2025

Background: Hearing loss is a significant global health issue, affecting around 1.5 billion people worldwide. Certain drugs used to treat conditions such as cancer, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and various infections can have ototoxic effects, potentially leading to hearing damage. In South Africa, where rates of HIV and tuberculosis are among the highest in the world, a larger portion of the population may be impacted by hearing loss resulting from the medications used to treat these illnesses. The study aimed to examine how demographic factors (age, gender), lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol use, occupational noise exposure), and clinical variables (DR-TB classification, treatment outcomes, comorbidities like HIV, hypertension, and diabetes) affect hearing outcomes. Methods: Retrospective studies were conducted between 2018 and 2020; data was collected from 456 drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients at four TB clinics and one referral hospital in the Oliver Reginald Tambo (O.R.) District, Eastern Cape. The study included patients who completed treatment and audiometric assessments. Demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic health records, identifying risk factors influencing hearing outcomes. Interaction terms were analysed to explore the combined effect of variables on hearing outcomes. This study was conducted in a referral hospital and four TB clinics in the O.R. Tambo District Municipality. Clinics located in rural and underprivileged areas with high disease burdens were chosen because they are essential primary care facilities for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB), particularly drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). Results: A final cohort of 438 individuals was selected from a study that examined 456 patients diagnosed with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). However, 18 participants were disqualified due to insufficient audiometry data. Notably, 37.2% of these individuals experienced some form of hearing loss, raising concerns about treatment approaches for DR-TB. The mean age of the participants was 36 years. Conclusion: This study illustrates the intricate interactions between age, therapy, DR-TB type, HIV status, and lifestyle variables on HL risk. Despite the successful treatment being associated with improved hearing outcomes, audiometric monitoring may be necessary for patients with severe DR-TB, ineffective or partial therapies, and certain socioeconomic comorbidities.
Oral Implications of Herbst Device Modification
Authors: Macrì Monica , Di Carmine Mariastella , Scarano Antonio , Festa Felice
Published: January 2025

Many studies analyze the effectiveness of Herbst's device in the treatment of dento-skeletal class II due to mandibular retrusion. This fixed device was devised by Emil Herbst for class II treatment bite jumping, a device that holds the jaw in a forced anterior position. Comparison of the results obtained in numerous studies is difficult because they are often not diriment and not congruent due to a number of variables that prevent standardization. The purpose of the present study is to report some clinical-level considerations that may be important in obtaining the therapeutic outcome. The simplified design of the device offers the advantage of better patient comfort, better cleanability but offers as disadvantages, less anchorage and other risks that will be described below. The device is evaluated in conjunction with the multi-brackets phase that precedes Herbst therapy and concludes it, after the device has been removed. The therapy was performed in the absence of skeletal anchorage. In our opinion, standardization of therapy according to precise protocols can positively affect the therapeutic outcome through achieving rapid occlusal stabilization, neuro-muscular balance, less stress on anchor units and shorter treatment time.
Review of a Case: Neurobrucellosis with Occupational Exposure
Authors: Sanchez Jose Daniel , Figueroa Paola Andrea Salazar , Figueroa Maria Paula Salazar
Published: January 2025

Neurobrucellosis is a rare but serious complication of brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The most common clinical manifestations of neurobrucellosis include meningitis, encephalitis, and seizures. The diagnosis of neurobrucellosis should be considered when patients present with undulant fever, lethargy, seizures, or other features of meningitis/encephalitis. Occupational exposure to Brucella bacteria, particularly through contact with infected animals or their products, is a significant risk factor for developing neurobrucellosis. Certain occupations, such as farmers, veterinarians, and slaughterhouse workers, are at a higher risk of exposure. Recent research has suggested a potential link between neurobrucellosis and Parkinson's disease, although further investigation is needed to fully understand this association. Prevention and control of neurobrucellosis involve measures such as occupational hygiene, vaccination of livestock, and public education campaigns.
Möbius Transformations in the Second Symmetric Product of ℂ
Authors: Valdez Rogelio , Hinojosa Gabriela , Morales-Fuentes Ulises
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we defined as an extension, the Möbius transformations in the space F2(ℂ), the second symmetric product of the complex plane ℂ with its natural topology induced by the Hausdorff metric. That is, consider T a Möbius transformation of ℂ and define the map T({z, w}) = {T(z), T(w)} in F2(ℂ). We prove general properties for these maps in F2(ℂ), with focus in the structure of the generators, the properties of transitivity, and the geometry of the conjugacy classes.
CBCT‐Guided Analysis of the Accessory Foramina of the Canalis Sinuosus: Morphological Variants and Their Significance for Implant Surgery
Authors: Schnutenhaus Sigmar , Heckemann Christian , Götz Werner , Olms Constanze
Published: January 2025

The canalis sinuosus in the premaxillary region often has accessory canals palatal to the central and lateral incisors. These small anatomical structures are of increasing interest due to numerous case reports of postoperative complications following surgery in the upper anterior region.
On the one hand, this study examined the number, position and extent of the accessory foramina of the canalis sinuosus in 210 patients. Furthermore, the study looked at the distances to neighboring teeth and to the buccal cortical bone in edentulous patients. The three-dimensional tomographic images (CBCT) were created with a resolution of 0.2 voxels and evaluated using the Osirix MD program.
Results showed a prevalence of 97% for accessory foramina, confirming it as a clear anatomical structure. Males had significantly more terminal openings of the canalis sinuosus than females, with a clustering in the fourth to sixth decade of life. The foramina had a mean extension of 0.9 mm and a mean distance of 4.6 mm to adjacent teeth. This narrow position is particularly relevant for surgical procedures.
Greater attention should be paid to larger foramina in implant planning, as postoperative complications are increasingly being described. Foramina and accessory canals should be detected in three-dimensional, navigated implant planning in order to minimize the risk of injury during oral surgery.
Cheese Whey Characterization for Its Co-Composting with Solid Organic Wastes and the Agronomic Value of the Compost Obtained
Authors: Ramos-Romero Steven , Gavilanes-Terán Irene , Idrovo-Novillo Julio , Idrovo-Gavilanes Alessandro , Valverde-Orozco Víctor , Paredes Concepción
Published: January 2025

Cheese production generates a large amount of liquid waste called cheese whey (CW). The management of CW is not optimized in Ecuador since a large proportion of it is discharged into the soil or effluents, causing significant environmental impacts. For this reason, the co-composting of whey with solid organic wastes can be a suitable method for its treatment for small companies generating this liquid waste due to its effectiveness and low cost. In this study, we analyzed 10 CW samples from different small companies in the Mocha canton (Tungurahua-Ecuador) to determine specific physicochemical and chemical parameters. Subsequently, a waste pile was formed with crop residues (corn and beans) and cow manure, which was composted using the turned pile composting system. Throughout the composting process, the temperature of the pile was controlled, its moisture was maintained between 40-60% by adding whey, and several physicochemical, chemical, and biological properties were determined. The results showed that the CW presented a high organic load, notable macronutrient content, and low heavy metal concentrations, all of which are beneficial for its co-composting with other organic solid wastes. The only limiting factors involved in using large amounts of whey in the composting process were the low pH values of the acid CW and the high concentrations of salts. It was also observed that co-composting CW with agro-livestock wastes was a viable strategy to treat these wastes and produce compost with stabilized and humified organic matter and remarkable agricultural value.
Analysis of the Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (Tens) in Patients with Xerostomia
Authors: Ros-Madrid Jose  Fidel , Lopez-Jornet Pia
Published: January 2025

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on parotid glands in patients with xerostomia. Material and methods: A simple, blinded, randomized, longitudinal, and prospective study was performed with 50 patients with xerostomia, divided into two groups: 25 patients received TENS and 25 received a sham treatment. The treatment group took part in three sessions with TENS that lasted 15 minutes each for three weeks. The production of saliva was measured through sialometry at the start and end of the treatment. The perception of xerostomia was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS-X) and the Xerostomia Inventory (XI), also at the beginning and the end. The impact on oral health (OHIP-14) was assessed in the first and third sessions. Results: A progressive improvement was observed after three treatment sessions. With respect to the initial VAS scores, these significantly decreased from the start 7.52 ± 1.92 to the end 6.84 ± 1.84 (p < 0.001). The sialometry values significantly increased, showing an increase in the salivary fluid from the start to the end of the treatment (p<0.001). With respect to the Xerostomia Inventory (XI) (Thomson), it was reduced from the initial 36.88 ± 7.78 to 35.60 ± 7.42 after the sessions (p = 0.01). No significant changes were observed in the OHIP-14 in patients treated with TENS. Conclusion: The TENS therapy is presented as a promising and non-invasive alternative for the management of xerostomia, as it is able to objectively increase the salivary flow and improve the subjective perception of mouth dryness.
The Common Concept of Anticooperativity Among Molecules is Fundamentally Flawed. Conclusion Arrived at from the Novel and Unified Molecular-Wide and Electron Density (MOWeD)-Based All-Body Concept of Chemical Bonding
Authors: Cukrowski Ignacy , Zaaiman Stefan , Hussain Shahnawaz
Published: January 2025

A non-linear (non-additive) increase in stability of hexamers follows an increase in the total number of (i) aad (a double proton acceptor) plus add (a double proton donor) waters commonly linked with anticooperativity and (ii) the total number of intermolecularly delocalized electrons (intermolNdeloc) in the 3D space occupied by a hexamer. Subsequently, we obtained nearly a perfect linear correlation between increase in the cluster stability and intermolNdeloc. Individual water molecules that act as either aad or add: (i) delocalize the largest number of electrons throughout a cluster; (ii) are involved in the strongest attractive, hence energy-stabilizing intermolecular interaction with the remaining five waters; (iii) have the most significant quantum component of the intermolecular interaction energy and (iv) relative to six non-interacting water molecules, stabilize a hexamer the most, as quantified by a purposely derived mol-FAMSEC energy term. Clearly, the all-body approach used in the unified, molecular-wide and electron density (MOWeD)-based concept of chemical bonding contradicts the commonly accepted view that aad and add water molecules are involved in anticooperativity in 3D water hexamers. Consequently, we propose here a general definition of cooperativity that should be applicable to any n-membered molecular clusters, namely: the quantifiable, physics- and quantum-based cooperativity phenomenon is synonymous with the intermolecular all-body delocalization of electrons leading to the increase in stability of individual molecules on an n-membered cluster formation.
Mini Review: Gut Microbiome & Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Desai Rahul , Jandu Narveen
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common diagnosed cancer in Canada, and the third and fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and women respectively. However, survival is often dependent on the stage of the cancer with stage I having 5-year survival rates as high as 92% while stage IV having a 5-year survival rate of only 11%. Hence, early detection has been key in improving colorectal cancer prognosis. Currently, colonoscopies, fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) are used in current clinical settings as early detection and screening tools. There has been a growing interest in the gut microbiome, and the role of gut dysbiosis in the development of colorectal cancer. This includes Fusobacterium Nucleatum, Clostridium Symbiosum, and Bacteroides Fragilis. Recent studies have shown that identification of certain changes in the gut microbiota can be used to identify high-risk patients for developing colorectal cancer. Therefore, this mini review focuses on current evidence surrounding the role of gut microbiota and key microorganisms identified in colorectal cancer development. The review also discusses the limitations and gaps in the literature regarding the efficacy of using the gut microbiome as a screening tool for colorectal cancer.
Assessing Family Satisfaction with Breastfeeding Care in Maternity Wards: A Survey from Italy
Authors: Davanzo Riccardo , Lanfranchi Emanuela , Perugi Silvia , Giordano Giuseppe , Gianni' Maria Lorella , Baldassarre Maria Elisabetta , Agosti Massimo
Published: January 2025

Aim. This study explores the satisfaction of the breastfeeding support received by women in Maternity Wards within the context of postnatal care. Methods. Between November 15th and December 15th, 2023, a 23 items questionnaire was administered to 20 mothers consecutively discharged form Maternity Wards, in each of 26 Italian Hospitals, participating to a national project on the promotion of breastfeeding. Results. A total of 520 questionnaires were collected. Overall, the evaluation provided by parents regarding the care they received was positive. The health team was perceived as welcoming, communicating clear information, practically and emotionally supporting, helpful in teaching how to take care of their baby and respectful of the mother-baby relationship. Moreover, the team was considered attentive to preventing and treating pain experienced by new mothers. Nevertheless, in 19.9% of cases information provided to families about the support resources after hospital discharge was reported as lacking. Conclusions. According to the present study, postpartum care and breastfeeding support provided in a sample of 26 Hospitals have been assessed positively by most families. Nevertheless, a critical issue was still represented by incomplete information at hospital discharge for eventual support.