bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Artificial Intelligence Be Xenophobic? Conflict and Ethical Challenges of Neural Network Development
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sunami Artem N.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the conflict and ethical challenges associated with the “the trouble with bias” of neural networks. Based on neural networks bias conceptions by Kate Crawford, Ezekiel Dixon-Roman and Luciana Parisi, a complex of natural language research for programming, the theory of cultural violence by Johan Galtung, the works by John Rawls and Will Kymlicka on the problem of justice and inequality, the author suggests that the experience of analysis of digital algorithms based on neural network technology has allowed us to form a corpus of ethical colored problems, the central of which is the “the trouble with bias”. “The trouble with bias” is directly related to the phenomenon of “natural language”, that is, a reflection of linguistic practices of the past and present, an average value of the digitized experience of mankind, which is the main resource for learning neural network algorithms. In this context, the article focuses to the stereotypes, power hierarchies, inequalities and discrimination encoded in natural language, which can be described in terms of “classification politics” and cultural violence. The article shows that that the ethical and conflict consequences of “the trouble with bias” can be reduced only if a particular social group receives the status of discriminated. On the basis of the identified substantial characteristics of the current neural network algorithms, the author concluded that there is a high danger of indoctrination of artificial intelligence algorithms with elements of xenophobia, exclusivity and “call-out culture”.
On the problematic nature of the concept of “Greek shamanism”
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Afonasina Anna S.
Published: January 2025

The notion of "shamanism" began to penetrate into classical studies from the 19th century onwards. Legendary and real-life figures such as Orpheus, Aristeas and Epimenides began to be declared shamans. Gradually it came to philosophers such as Pythagoras, Parmenides, Empedocles and Socrates. Then Odysseus and Jason joined the list, and recently Christ and Mohammed have been added to it. Today the idea of "Greek shamanism" is so firmly rooted in many works that one might get the impression that it has a sound evidential basis. However, a critical examination of the studies in which this idea has been actively disseminated for more than a hundred years has revealed the groundlessness of the concept of "Greek shamanism". Many arguments, due to the authority of their authors, were simply copied from one work to another without being questioned or verified. The present work attempts to look deep into the methodological foundations and intentions of different authors, who liked this concept, and see whether the use of the notion of "Greek shamanism" leads to any positive and productive conclusions. It seems that the transfer of the concept of "shamanism" to the ancient Greek religious substratum does not bring anything useful to the understanding of religious phenomena of the ancient Greek religion, and therefore it should be abandoned. As an alternative approach it is proposed to clearly define the concept of "shamanism" and its cultural, geographical and historical framework, which manages to do with the original ethnographic material.
Russia and Ukraine in the civilizational dimension
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Tsitkilov Petr Ya.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the article is to study the problem of civilizational belonging of the Russian Federation and modern Ukraine. Its author conducted a theoretical understanding of civilizational specificity based on consideration of various scientific concepts. In this article, a scientific analysis of the topic under consideration was carried out using such methodological approaches as normative-value, sociocultural and historical. This made it possible to determine the essential side of the civilizational perception of the world. The work shows that it is the cultural and value originality of the people (peoples), united by historical destiny, spiritual and religious complementarity and a common semantic aspiration. This approach made it possible to justify the belonging of the Russian and Ukrainian peoples to a single Eurasian-all-Russian civilization. It has significant differences compared to Western civilization. If in the West the most important value principles are individualism and the absolutization of the understanding of freedom, then for the Eurasian-all-Russian civilizational world it is the striving for justice, for a collective, solidary and spiritual perception of life. Modern Russia and most of present-day Ukraine have historically developed in a common civilizational field, the core of which is Holy Rus'. In the conditions of modern military confrontation in Ukraine, the need for our peoples to understand their spiritual unity, cultural affinity and common historical destiny is of particular importance. All this has been formed over centuries, enriching Russians and Ukrainians through their mutual linguistic penetration, literary influence, similarity of self-knowledge, revelations of the Holy Fathers of Orthodoxy. The key to overcoming the current military confrontation is our common cultural and spiritual roots, as well as the historical community of the Fatherland.
Polyfunctional Comparatives bigger/more, better, worse: Are They Necessary in the Lexical Minimum of the Elementary Level of the Russian as a Foreign Language?
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Matiishina Irina R.
Published: January 2025

The article proves the possibility of adding polyfunctional comparatives bigger/more, better and worse to the “Lexical minimum of the Elementary level of proficiency in Russian as a Foreign language”. This standard document was published in 2014, therefore it is important to improve the list of language units in it. The analysis of such units as bigger/more, better, worse requires an understanding of functioning of polyfunctional words in modern Russian. In this regard, the article outlines the basics of the concept of Elena A. Bryzgunova, who considers the polyfunctionality of a word form as its ability to realize various partial potential in conditions depending on the lexical and grammatical surroundings, intonation, word order and other relevant factors. The identification of specifics of using polyfunctional comparatives was carried out using the functional and communicative method, as well as comparative analysis. Conclusions about the importance of including specific lexico-semantic variants of comparatives bigger/more, better, worse in the “Lexical minimum of the Elementary level” are based on the analysis of the content of a standard test of the designated level. The work includes the research of the representation of comparatives in popular Russian as a foreign language manuals and standards of the specified level. Comparatives bigger/more, better and worse analyzed not in the context of a grammatical topic, but in relation to the acquaintance of foreign students with relevant vocabulary. The article demonstrates communicative situations in which these comparatives can be applied to solve certain communicative tasks. The author draws attention to the need to comply with the rules in translation of each lexico-semantic variant of polyfunctional comparatives into a foreign language.
Pskov State University: Traditions and Innovations of Linguistic Russian Studies
Authors:   Pskov State University, Lukyanova Svetlana V. , Molchanova Natalia S. ,   Pskov State University
Published: January 2025

The article reflects the history of the formation of the main scientific directions and topics in the field of studying and teaching Russian, developed by the philologists of Pskov State University — the leading university in the Pskov region. The work emphasizes the direct influence of the specific border position of the region, with its close scientific connections with colleagues from Saint Petersburg, Belarus, and the Baltic states, on the research interests of Pskov’s russianists. One of the most significant contributions to the development of the linguistic science was the development of the issues related to the comprehensive study of the peculiarities of the Pskov dialect. It was within the framework of this scientific direction that a scientific philological school was formed, which allowed to educate a number of talented russianists who continue to work today. The most significant result of this activity is the participation in the preparation of the Pskov Regional Dictionary with historical data for publication. Тhe Department of the Russian Language (later the Department of Philology, Communications and Russian as a Foreign Language) has always been developing topics aimed at studying the current issues of modern language in various spheres of its use: social dialects, modern conflict texts in the communicative pragmatic aspect, media text and its functioning, Russian speech of the representatives of near and far abroad. The results of these studies are the collective monographs “Text — Discourse — Communication” and “Media Discourse in the Focus of Modern Humanitarian Paradigms”. A special area of activity is associated with the methods of teaching Russian at universities and schools, as well as with teaching Russian to foreigners. Thanks to this work, the university has established itself firmly in the educational space of Russia and abroad. This is confirmed by the major scientific events (forums, conferences) and projects to popularize Russian humanitarian education, supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.
The Doctrine of Salvation in Protestant Theology
Authors:   The Society of Theology and Thought, Park Seounggyu
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the significance and contemporary applicability of Protestant soteriology, focusing on the doctrine of justification. It begins by grounding its theological framework in Martin Luther's thought, examining the commonalities and distinctions between Protestant and Roman Catholic understandings of salvation within the context of ecumenical dialogue. Emphasizing the importance of justification amid contemporary faith and practical challenges, the study advocates for its reinterpretation to address existential, ethical, and societal issues today. The paper argues that the forensic nature of justification, rooted in the restoration of relationships, holds modern relevance, offering a response to humanity's existential inquiries. This work ultimately evaluates whether the doctrine of justification remains a central and valid tenet of Christian faith in the present day.
What Is the Spiritual Philosophy?
Authors:   The Society of Theology and Thought, Lee Hyangman
Published: January 2025

Pierre Hadot (1922-2010), a pioneer of practical understanding of ancient philosophy, has argued that ancient philosophy is not a mere intellectual activity but a 'spirituality training' for lifestyle pursuing wisdom for existential choice, the philosophy of spirituality. As we can see in Plato’s Dialect, ancient philosophical discourse has a tendency to form rather than to inform. This tendency was closely related to education. Sophist and Socrates attempted to form human beings and transform souls through philosophy. Their philosophical teachings, above all, were given in a form of dialogue. This is because only the words alive in dialogue can achieve the expected behavior. The discourse of philosophical masters takes the form of exercises spirituels in terms of spiritual development and inner change of the disciples. Philosophical discourse is not a theory that conflicts with practice, but a part of lifestyle. In this regard, ancient philosophy is a discourse and a lifestyle. Furthermore, discourse has a practical aspect in that it influences audiences and readers, so it is more theoretical (théorétique) rather than theorical (théorique). In other words, philosophers need to be trained not only to talk and discuss, but also to know how to live. Therefore, the training of philosophy is spiritual as well as intellectual. So the education and training of philosophy is not merely to develop the intelligence of the disciple, but to transform every aspect of his being. Its purpose is the art of life, and such spiritual training was training in the way of living a philosophical life.
Hadot's insight into the characteristics of ancient philosophy of spiritual discipline as a wisdom lifestyle from the point of view of integration of theory and practice gives a new momentum to overcome the problems of modern philosophy which has a theoretical, analytical and speculative tendency. This view shows the intrinsic integrity that philosophy cannot be separated from education. It also suggests what the science of science and technology should ultimately aim for. It can be expected that understanding human spirituality from the viewpoints of not only philosophical methodology that integrates theory and practice but also the theory of Human Nature is a new way of illuminating the viewpoint of modern philosophy. For this purpose, Chapter 2 deals with the philosophy of spirituality as the essence of philosophy; Chapter 3 deals with the ontological approach to spirituality in natural philosophy: Pythagoras and Democritus; Chapter 4 deals with the philosophical life as recognition and realization of value: Socrates' discourse on spirituality; Chapter 5 deals with the training of spirituality as the ethics of dialogue: Plato's dialectic, and Chapter 6 deals with the philosophy of spirituality as the pursuit of transcendental happiness: Aristotle's contemplative life.
Green Tea's EGCG: Brewing Hope in the Battle against Breast Cancer
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Lal Roop , Sehgal Amit , Rawat Suman , Kumar Ankit , Kumar Santosh , Dhatwalia Sunil Kumar
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer, a pervasive global malignancy, is anticipated to undergo a significant
increase by 2040. Despite the conventional armamentarium of treatments including chemotherapy,
radiation therapy, and surgery, the intricate landscape of breast cancer, characterized by its
multifaceted surface receptors and signalling pathways, presents formidable challenges to treatment
efficacy. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), extracted from Camellia sinensis, has emerged as a
subject of interest due to its robust antioxidative properties stemming from its chemical structure.
EGCG exerts its effects on pivotal stages of tumour growth and proliferation by modulating key
signalling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K, NFkB, and ERK1/2 influencing apoptosis and cell cycle
regulation. Clinical trials have provided insights into EGCG's potential impact on breast cancer such
as mammographic density and pharmacokinetics, indicating its potential as a potent therapeutic
agent. Moreover, when administered with conventional chemotherapy, EGCG demonstrates
synergistic effects, enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to
validate the safety and efficacy of EGCG in breast cancer prevention and treatment.
Antibacterial Activity and Characterization of CaO Nanoparticles Synthesized from Eggshell
Authors: Maji Joyshree , Banerjee Avishek
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

With an average crystallographic size of 8.67 nm, we studied the antibacterial
properties of CaO nanoparticles against microorganisms. The CaO NPs used in this study
were synthesized using a simple soft chemical method.

Methods:

To assess antibacterial activity, three methods were employed: the live count (LC)
method, the agar cup method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) approach. The
CaO nanoparticles used in this study were produced using a simple soft chemical method.

Results:

TEM study revealed that the application of nanoparticles disrupted the cell walls of pathogens.

Conclusion:

We can conclude from this work that the lethal effect rises with CaO nanoparticle
concentration. According to this research, CaO NPs seem like a good option for creating novel
antibacterial drugs that are more effective against infections. The dose amount may be used in therapeutic
settings. Considering this, the application of CaO nanoparticles as antibacterial agents
could result in effective in vivo experiments.
Limiting navigational and hydrographic factors when using 3D electronic navigation charts for ship handling during locks passage
Authors: Karetnikov V. V. , Prokhorenkov A. A. , Andreev Yu. G.
Published: January 2025

A vessel is a qualitatively complex movable object, which motion can easily predicted when proceeding in unchanged navigation conditions. When navigation conditions become more difficult prediction of vessel requires the implementation of a complex set of actions to assess the position and parameters of the vessel’s motion relative to the limits and directions of the waterway. Lock approaches are characterized by significantly congested conditions and variable dimensions, tortuosity of the waterway, and spatial navigational hazards of complex form, to indicate which floating and land marks are used, organized in complex patterns. Thus, the complexity of navigational and hydrographic conditions has a limiting effect on the navigator’s ability to control the vessel. As navigation conditions become more complex, the navigator changes priorities in controlling the vessel motion, gradually shifting from controlling the course of the vessel, to controlling the vessel’s speed vector, and then to controlling the motion of the stem and stern. Navigating a vessel in difficult navigational and hydrographic conditions requires periodic clarification of navigational information, for which the navigator turns to the navigational chart, which is a visual source of navigational information. Notwithstanding use of modern aids to navigation to display navigation information, such as, for example, an electronic chart navigation and information system (ECDIS), approaches to locks usually present difficulties when taking into account navigation and hydrographic factors, due to the variability of navigation conditions and the static nature of the navigation equipment system waterway. The use of ECDIS, which enables displaying 3D electronic navigation charts (ENCs) to solve the navigator’s tasks enroute lock approaches, is new. The effectiveness of their use in the process of ship handling through locks, which is significant for the navigator, is performed by modern methods in this article.
Monte-Carlo analysis model for evaluation of container terminal parameters
Authors: Galin A. V. , Rudny P. S. , Galin K. A.
Published: January 2025

This paper considers using Monte-Carlo analysis method for evaluation some of the parameters of a container terminal. A high amount of scientific work on this topic is noted in domestic literature. International scientific literature concerning usage of Monte-Carlo method for simulating different parameters of container terminals is also analyzed. We note that foreign authors often use Monte-Carlo analysis as an auxiliary method, for example, for checking results of discrete-event simulation model of a complicated logistical system for adequacy, whereas domestic authors often use Monte-Carlo analysis as a method for direct evaluation of container or other cargo terminals parameters. This study proposes a variant of a model for evaluating the necessary container yard capacity, its area and berth utilization of a container terminal, using Monte-Carlo analysis method. We develop a model based on analytical formulas, where some initial parameters take form of probabilistic distributions, rather than determined values. Such parameters are expected cargo turnover, vessel handling equipment productivity and container dwell times. It should be noted that all these parameters can be preliminarily evaluated by port designers, investors or cargo terminal operators. We show an example of model calculations using Monte-Carlo analysis method and some values of initial parameters. Observed results are adequate for a model of such scope as it shows, for example, that most expected value of berth utilization becomes lower as the number of berths becomes larger.
Test results of the shore system for optimizing marine vessel traffic
Authors: Akmaykin D. A.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of research a prototype of a coastal software and hardware complex, which calculate optimal routes. The purpose of the article is to analyze the quality of the calculated routes depending on the effect of meteorological conditions in the navigation area. The routes plotted using the created prototype of the coastal software complex, which use information from ships and satellites allows creating and adjusting the optimal route of the vessel in the process of seaway. The analysis carried out on base of actual voyages of ships from the port of Vladivostok to the port of Magadan and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Geographic, real and meteorological (proposed by the complex) routes were compared in article. An analysis was carried out of the effect of the speed and direction of the surface wind, the speed and direction of surface sea currents and the parameters of sea waves (wave height, direction of propagation and period) on the ship’s motion. In the article, was estimated the calculated and actual speed of the vessel. The presented coastal hardware and software complex calculated meteorological models of the selected in article ships, which point to the change in their speed and course depending on the surrounding hydrometeorological conditions and ship’s parameters. The analysis result showed the inverse dependence of the effect of surface wind and sea waves on the ships speed and the direct dependence on its draft. It is give information that the change in course significantly affects the speed, slowing down it. The complex offers route options with the required track angle, compensating for the ships drift, thereby providing more favorable traffic conditions. The proposed mathematical models allow us to estimate the approximate time of the ship’s routes along alternative routes. The article shows that the complex offers route options that allow saving about 2–3 % of the total route time, which for the routes research in the article, is 2–4 hours.
Materials and technologies for rebuilding ship propellers blades damaged under cavitation attack: history and current state
Authors: Tsvetkov Y. N. , Baranov S. G. , Fiaktistov Ya. O.
Published: January 2025

Materials used for manufacturing ship propellers were listed, and classification of technologies of repairing ship propellers with cavitation wear spots was cited. The characteristics of materials used in the technologies were given. The advantages and disadvantages of the repair through deposition by welding as main technology at present time were listed. Alloys most resistant to cavitation wear were considered: dispersion-hardening alloys and alloys, in which the phase transformation occurs in cavitation impacts. The low manufacturability of mentioned alloys was pointed to, that is the principal cause of the fact that these alloys did not have a wide distribution in ship propellers repair. In modern practice of deposition by welding, the filler materials close by composition to the propeller alloys are used, and priority is given to regular recovery of surface quality and not to the rise in the surface wear-resistance. Improvement of the welding technology is now directed at the development of technological methods to raise the wear resistance, that is the methods, not based on the using the filler materials different from ship propellers materials. The advantage of the use of polymeric materials to repair the cavitation wear spots on the blades is noted. All the repair compounds are made of thermosetеtting resins, the most widespread of which are epoxy compounds. The peculiarities of cavitation attack on the blade surface in service are analyzed. It was mentioned that polymeric compounds being used nowadays are developed without taking into account these peculiarities. One has to draw attention to that the longevity of polymeric compound under propeller cavitation is determined in many respects by the adhesion of polymer to propeller material. A solution for the problem of the low adhesion of the polymer compounds to the propellers alloys will displace the repair technology based on the deposition by welding in future.
IN VITRO INDUCTION OF CALLUS ON AGLAONEMA "BUTTERFLY" LEAVES WITH A COMBINATION OF 2,4-D AND BAP
Authors: Ardhika Ratri Jessie , Ratnawati
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the effect of variations and the concentration level of 2,4-D in a medium containing BAP which gives the best for callus formation on Aglaonema Butterfly in vitro. This research is an experimental study using 2,4-D (ppm; 0.5 ppm; 1 ppm; 2 ppm; 4 ppm) and 1.2 ppm BAP. Explants were taken from young leaves of the 2nd and 3rd Aglaonema Butterfly from the shoots, with the size of the explants being 1 x 2 cm. The parameters observed were callus emergence time, the percentage of explants forming callus, the average callus size, the rate of surviving explants, and the level of explant browning. The variation of 2,4-D in a medium containing BAP affected the callus emergence time, the percentage of explants forming callus, and the average of Aglaonema Butterfly callus size. The best treatment was at a concentration 2 ppm 2,4-D + 1.2 ppm BAP concentration at 4 weeks after planting, with 50% of explants forming callus, the average callus size was 0.82 mm, live explants were 87.5%, and the lowest browning rates.
INHIBITION OF MANGKOKAN LEAF (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr.) ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH OF Salmonella typhimurium BACTERIA
Authors: Sari Herninda Dhama , Octavia Bernadetta
Published: January 2025

Typhoid fever is an infectious disease of the digestive tract caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. Mangkukan leaf (Nothopanax scutellarin Merr.) can be an alternative treatment because it contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. This study aimed to determine the ability of Mangkukan leaf extract as an antibacterial in inhibiting the growth of S. Typhimurium bacteria. This study used a factorial completely randomized design consisting of two factors, namely the concentration of the extract and the age of the inoculum with 4 repetitions. The concentration of the extract used was 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%, equipped with the positive control (chloramphenicol), and negative control (aqua dest), while the age of the inoculum was based on the growth phase of the test bacteria, namely 3 hours, 6 hours, 18 hours. hours, and 24 hours. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the Disc Diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer Test). The test concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% test concentrations resulted in inhibition zone diameters of 3.41 mm, 5.4 mm, 6.04 mm, 7.43 mm, and 9.48 mm, respectively. The 80% concentration of ethanol extract from the kukukan leaf was effective in inhibiting the growth of S. typhimurium bacteria with an antibacterial effectiveness value of 60.81%.
Current state of grain production in the Russian Federation and promising areas of development
Authors: Suslov S. A. , Filippova O. N.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. The Russian Federation is one of the largest grain producers in the world, demonstrating stable growth in yields, gross production and exports of grain crops in the last decade.

The purpose is to analyze the current state of grain production both in the Russian Federation as a whole and in the context of its federal districts. Individual indicators are presented by the leading regions in grain production.

Objectives: to study the factors that have determined the current situation in the grain sector of the country, as well as to consider the most pressing challenges and promising directions for the development of the grain industry in the country; to explore the directions of development of the grain industry, the introduction of new technologies and increasing the competitiveness of Russian grain on the world market. An important feature of the article is the study of the dynamics of grain yields and production volumes not only in recent years, but also in dynamics since 1950, which made it possible to compare the results of the current state of the industry with the pre-reform period.

Methodology. The methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, monographic and retrospective analysis, methods of comparing economic phenomena and processes, methods of abstraction, generalization of analyzed economic information are used.

Results: the results of the impact of government programs to support and attract investment in the grain industry are summarized; special attention is paid to the urgent challenges of the future facing the Russian grain sector, in particular, the renewal of the material and technical base, improvement of the grain storage system and its logistics.

Conclusions. The final part of the article explains the necessary directions in the development of grain production in the country, aimed at improving the production performance of the grain industry, improving the quality of grain produced and increasing export potential.
Socio-philosophical analysis of the concept of youth policy in the study of I. M. Ilyinsky "Youth and youth policy"
Authors: Ikromov U. K.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Modern political realities require new approaches to the political activity of young people in Russia. Igor Mikhailovich Ilyinsky in his work "Youth and Youth Policy" offers a rethinking of traditional ideas about the political activity of young people, which is of interest for research and evaluation of its effectiveness and social impact on society.

The purpose is to review and analyze the main ideas and concepts presented in the work "Youth and Youth Policy" by Igor Ilyinsky for the study and understanding of youth policy in modern Russia.

Objectives: to determine the relevance and significance of I. Ilyinsky's themes and ideas about youth policy in modern society; identify the key issues investigated in the monograph and assess their significance and relevance; to determine the novelty and originality of the research presented in I. Ilnsky's monograph "Youth and youth Policy"; to offer recommendations and conclusions based on the analysis of the monograph to improve the understanding and practice of youth policy.

Methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of a systematic approach, such as analysis, synthesis and generalization.

Results. The presented manuscript contains a socio-philosophical analysis of the concept of youth policy in the work "Youth and Youth Policy" by I. M. Ilyinsky. In the course of this study, a critical analysis of expert opinion on the state and development of youth in modern Russia was carried out.

Conclusions. The conducted socio-philosophical analysis allows us to argue that in his work "Youth and youth Policy" Professor Igor Ilyinsky often focuses on traditional values and norms, attaches special importance to them in the context of youth policy, but does not take into account its needs for innovation and change, which in the future may limit the diversity of opinions and ideas among modern youth. At the same time, it should be emphasized that young people are a dynamic and active part of society, and their role in political life should be interactive and progressive, and not limited to conservative frameworks. Youth, like any other social strata, should have freedom of choice, the right to their own opinion and self-determination. The restriction of this freedom by the State or the imposition of certain standards and expectations on young people can lead to violation of individual rights and restriction of its development.
Factors, causes and ways of resolving ethnic conflicts in the Russian Federation
Authors: Vetrova O. A. , Krasilnikovа T. D.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. In history, many countries have faced the challenge of managing a multinational community. Russia shows that diversity in itself can be both a wealth and a challenge. Ethnic conflicts in Russia have a long history and remain an urgent problem in our time.

The purpose is to identify the main trends and patterns of the development of ethnic conflicts in Russia, as well as to consider various approaches to their resolution.

Objectives: to analyze the main theoretical approaches to the study of ethnic conflicts; to consider the history of ethnic conflicts in Russia; to characterize the main types of ethnic conflicts in Russia; to analyze various ways of resolving ethnic conflicts in Russia.

Methodology. Typological analysis was used as the methodological basis of the study (to classify ethnic conflicts in Russia) and a comprehensive analysis (to consider various ways to resolve ethnic conflicts in Russia).

Results. The main results are defined as follows: within the framework of this work, an analysis of scientific sources was carried out, on the basis of which the main types of ethnic conflicts in Russia and various ways of resolving ethnic conflicts in Russia were determined.

Conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis of scientific sources, the following conclusions can be drawn. Ethnic conflicts in Russia are a serious problem that needs to be addressed. The main causes of conflicts were identified as socio-economic factors (inequality in living standards, unemployment, discrimination); cultural and religious factors (differences in languages, traditions, customs); political factors (power struggle, infringement of the rights of national minorities). To prevent and resolve ethnic conflicts in Russia, it is necessary to take into account various historical, social, political and psychological factors.
Possibilities of applying the matching concept in regional economic policy in the Kursk region
Authors: Okorokov V. M. , Shleenko A. V. , Klikunov N. D.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Matching is one of the most effective ways to allocate resources in the absence of a pricing mechanism. The article analyzes the pros and cons of matching in comparison with administrative and market methods. The concept of using matching as a tool of regional economic policy is substantiated. The Kursk region is taken as the object of the study. The statistical base is used to understand the complexity of the problem being solved in the information and digital space when using the Gale-Shapley algorithm and its varieties.

The purpose is to substantiate the conditions for the use of matching and, in particular, the Gale‒Shapley algorithm for isomorphism of natural resources, physical and human capital at the regional level.

Objectives: adaptation of the concept of "matching" to regional economic policy; assessment of the comparative effectiveness of the application of the concept of "matching" to regional economic problems; identification of industries and areas of activity at the level of the Kursk region with a positive expected net benefit from the introduction of matching.

Methodology. The article was prepared within the framework of the methodology developed by Nobel laureates in economics Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley.

Results. The most promising areas of digitalization, informatization and the introduction of matching mechanisms in the Kursk region are the fields of education and healthcare.

Conclusions. The Gale-Shapley algorithm in the conditions of digitalization allows stable equilibria in the process of paired interaction of economic agents. Matching leads to a more effective correspondence between the factors of the first (land, natural resources), second (capital, infrastructure) and third (human capital, people) nature. An optimal economic policy should combine matching tools with traditional mechanisms of state regional regulation – administrative and market mechanisms.
Exploring the Impact of Work Stress on Emotional Exhaustion Among Nursing Staff： The Moderating Effect of Listening to Podcasts (Preprint)
Authors: Li Jung Lu , WU, YU-HUA
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

he COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems worldwide, significantly impacting frontline healthcare workers, especially nurses. These professionals have faced considerable psychological stress from caring for COVID-19 patients and the fear of spreading the virus to their families. Studies report that over 60% of nurses experience anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which adversely affects their mental health and the quality of care they provide

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the impact of work-related stress on emotional exhaustion among nurses and to assess whether listening to podcasts can mitigate these effects.

METHODS

A sample of 271 clinical nurses aged 20 to 65 was divided into two groups: an experimental group (nurses who regularly listen to podcasts) and a control group (nurses who do not listen to podcasts). Data were collected via an online survey conducted between March 1 and March 31, 2023. Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee (IRB No. YGHIRB20230421B). The primary outcomes—work stress and emotional exhaustion—were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and structural equation modeling (SEM).

RESULTS

The analysis showed no significant differences in work stress or emotional exhaustion between the two groups. However, emotional dissonance was identified as a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion in both groups. Nurses who regularly listened to podcasts exhibited slightly lower levels of emotional exhaustion, indicating a potential, albeit limited, moderating effect of podcasts on emotional well-being.

CONCLUSIONS

While podcasts alone may not significantly reduce work stress or emotional exhaustion among nurses, they could serve as a supplementary tool for emotional support. However, broader and more comprehensive interventions are required to address the underlying causes of stress and emotional exhaustion in this population. Further research is needed to examine the long-term benefits of integrating podcasts with other digital tools for holistic stress management in healthcare settings
The Anti-drug Campaign and its Successes in Gannan during the Early Period of the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Han Jingzi , Yang Rui , Wei Bin
Published: January 2025

The anti-drug campaign in Gannan in the early period of the People’s Republic of China is the object of study. Using archives, local chronicles, and other materials, we analyze the reasons for the success of drug prohibition in Gannan in the early period of the People’s Republic of China in a complex situation from the perspective of the relationship between the country and the society. It can be seen that the government is the leading force in the anti-drug campaign, the social elite and grassroots social organizations are the backbone simultaneously, and the people are the main force in fighting against opium and drugs. The positive interaction between the country and society is the key to the success of the anti-drug campaign in Gannan.
The Realistic Dilemma and Practical Way Forward in the Construction of Preschool Inclusive Education Curriculum in Colleges and Universities
Authors: YU Xiao
Published: January 2025

One of the main approaches to enhancing the students' inclusive education competencies in preschool education programs is through the development of the curriculum for inclusive education. The following sections identify various challenges in the curriculum for preschool inclusive education offered at universities, through a critical literature review. They include incomprehensive unified and standardized curriculum guidelines, mismatched course content with practical demands, incomplete practical components, and assessment criteria that focused more on theory rather than skills. In the future, refinement in policy framework, optimization of curriculum content, innovation in teaching methodology, and improvement in the evaluation mechanism should be stressed. The training and support measures could enhance the preschool teacher trainees' competencies in inclusive education to improve the practice of preschool inclusive education in China.
THE IMPACT OF THE MILITARY POWER FACTOR IN CHANGES ON POLITICAL AND TERRITORIAL SPACE IN THE PROCESS OF THE POST-GLOBAL TRANSIT
Authors: Lobanov Konstantin , Selin Boris
Published: January 2025

The phase of civilization evolution known as the era of globalization, as well as its precursor, the period of the bipolar world order, are now becoming part of history. The current system is being replaced by a world order whose contours have not yet been finally realized and are still vague. Nonetheless, the fundamental components of the post-global composition of the world are beginning to take shape. At the level of national and international relations, some of the most prominent trends include: economic egotism, a tendency toward autarkic practices, the revival of the “closed society” paradigm, the dramatic increase of religious nationalism, the reincarnation of alliance politics in the vein of the “warring kingdoms” period. The role of military power remains a crucial element in the transition from the global to the post-global system, both in terms of ideological perspectives and in the realm of real politics. The events of recent years underscore the growing significance of power elements in the instruments of politics and statesmen. Countries and their leaders are increasingly resorting to the use of military industrial capabilities to bolster their status in world politics or address political and territorial issues. It would not be an exaggeration to suggest that following the period of relative stability after the collapse of the USSR, the world is now entering a phase of upsurge in warfare and military clashes. In the current publication, the authors will endeavor to trace the trajectory of escalating armed violence, examining a series of military conflicts and their impact on the political and territorial configurations of the Eurasian geopolitical landscape. The authors are inclined to consider this problem within the framework of the evolving transition of the global community towards a novel paradigm of interrelations.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A NANOBEAM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR AND A MECHANICAL IMPACT
Authors: Marinca Bogdan , Herisanu Nicolae , Marinca Vasile
Published: January 2025

The Optimal Auxiliary Functions Method (OAFM) is applied in the study of nonlinear vibration of a nanobeam, considering the curvature of the beam, the presence of an electromagnetic actuator and a mechanical impact. Our procedure is based on the existence of some auxiliary functions which assure a fast convergence of the approximate solution. The convergence-control parameters present in the auxiliary functions are evaluated by rigorous mathematical procedures.
VIBRATION MITIGATION-BASED MACHINE LEARNING-DRIVEN DESIGN OF METASTRUCTURES
Authors: Kovačić Ivana , Kanović Željko , Teofanov Ljiljana , Rajs Vladimir
Published: January 2025

This research is concerned with the development of a longitudinally excited metastructure, featuring periodically distributed external units, each equipped with internal oscillators functioning as vibration absorbers. Initially, the metastructure designed for vibration attenuation around the first structural resonance, is characterized by uniformity, with all absorbers being identical and consisting of cantilevers integrated into the external components, each cantilever terminating in a concentrated mass block. This study employs a machine learning approach to maximize vibration attenuation efficiency around the second resonance, as well as concurrently at the first and second resonant frequencies in two associated optimality criteria related to the width of the attenuation region and the amplitude reduction, respectively. The new metastructures redesigned based on these criteria are fabricated by 3D printing, and their enhanced vibration mitigation capabilities are verified experimentally.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VECTOR SENSORS COMPARED TO CLASSICAL ACOUSTIC SENSORS AND ACOUSTIC ANTENNAS
Authors: Trifonov Tihomir , Boychev Yavor , Ivanov Ivan
Published: January 2025

The report examines the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of vector acoustic sensors used in recent years in civil and military information systems for the detection, localization and classification of various types of targets and noise sources with high dynamics of emitted signals. A comparison with classical acoustic sensors and discrete acoustic antennas is given. Conclusions and recommendations are made. They are based on a review of publications and experiments.
VIBRATION PHENOMENA INDUCED BY PULSED LASER HEATING OF MICROMECHANICAL CANTILEVER: INFLUENCE OF LASER-PULSE TEMPORAL SHAPE
Authors: Galović Slobodanka , Đorđević Katarina , Lukić Mladena , Chevizovich Dalibor
Published: January 2025

Illumination-induced vibrational phenomena can significantly affect the mechanical behavior of micro-mechanical sensors (MEMS) and, consequently, the noise performance of detectors based on these sensors. In this paper, we study thermoelastic deflection induced by photothermal heating of a solid micro-mechanical cantilever illuminated by a short square laser pulse. An analytical-numerical technique based on the Laplace transform is employed to calculate the spectral function of lateral deflection. The results indicate that the profile of laser-induced vibrations depends on the temporal shape of the excitation optical pulse. The square pulse enhances the increasing trend of the high-frequency lateral vibration amplitude peak if cantilever thickness increases suggesting the possibility of size-dependent engineering of the properties of detectors utilizing micro-mechanical cantilevers.
Pengaruh Akuntabilitas Dan Transparansi Terhadap Kepercayaan Muzakki Dalam Membayar Zakat Pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kota Balikpapan
Authors: Ghifarulloh Muhammad , Mahdi Fadilla Muhammad , Hakim Arif Luqman
Published: January 2025

Zakat is a mandatory asset issued by Muzakki (a Muslim who has an obligation to pay zakat) in accordance with sharia provisions which will then be given to Mustahiq (a person who is entitled to receive zakat). Accountability and Transparency are several factors that can influence Muzakki's trust in paying zakat. With these factors, it is important for a Zakat collection agency to be able to pay attention to Muzakki's trust, one of which is the Balikpapan City National Zakat Collection Agency. This study aims to determine the effect of accountability and transparency on Muzakki's trust in paying zakat at the Balikpapan City National Zakat Collection Agency. The type of data in this study is primary data obtained from the results of the questionnaire that has been distributed by the researcher. The technique used is Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. The results of this study indicate that accountability and transparency have a significant effect on Muzakki's trust in paying zakat.