bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐121: Persistent Luminescence of Ce3+/Cr3+ Co‐doped Lu3Al5‐xGaxO12 Phosphors
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Oh Seongkeun , Kim Young Jin
Published: May 2019

Lu3Al5‐xGaxO12:Ce3+,yCr3+ powders exhibited a strong green emission under 450 nm excitation. The photoluminescence spectra varied upon changing x values. Cr3+ ions acted as the electron traps and led to a persistent luminescence, depending ony values.
P‐126: Light conversion and scattering properties of QD films for display applications: Angle‐resolved optical spectroscopy and numerical simulation
Authors: Blülle Balthasar , Altazin Stéphane , Frouin Bérengère , Stepanova Lidia , Jenatsch Sandra , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: May 2019

Quantum dot (QD) enhanced LCDs are among today’s best‐in‐class displays exhibiting high brightness and large color gamut. In this presentation we focus on the underlying key mechanism of the embedded QD films, the down‐conversion of light, and explore the optical characteristics of a state‐of‐the‐art perovskite QD film by measuring its down‐converting properties as a function of the viewing angle. The good agreement of the experimental results with simulations of the QD film indicates that computer aided parameter optimization can be key tool for engineering QD displays.
P‐137: Research of Large‐size Metal Mesh Touch Panel Splicing Exposure Design and its Optical Performance
Authors: Zheng Qitao , Guo Zongjie , Xu Zouming , Xie Xiaodong , Du Zhi
Published: May 2019

This paper proposes a new splicing exposure solution of large‐size metal mesh touch panel using ultra‐fine mesh and alignment mark counterpoint method, and researches its optical performance. In contrast to the traditional splicing exposure solution using thick mesh and mechanical alignment mode, the new splicing exposure solution has better mesh instability performance and stably better moire performance. In addition, as each shot location has an offset compared with its initial design, ultra‐fine mesh results in finer mesh in splicing area, and eventually leads to splicing mura. And this paper has found that the key factor of metal mesh mura is the design of blade space and block. When the blade space is 4mm and the block is widened by 16um each side than the normal mesh, the splicing exposure will have a perfect mura performance.
P‐138: Rollable Multi‐Touch Organic Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Multi‐Directional User Interactions
Authors: Ebisui Akira , Kaneko Hiroki , Tsukamoto Kei , Harada Tomoko , Goto Tetsuro , Sakakura Yoshiaki , Miyawaki Manami , Hasegawa Hayato , Kobayashi Ken , Sato Satoshi , Kamei Takahiro , Nomoto Kazumasa
Published: May 2019

We have developed a rollable multi‐touch pressure sensor that works with a radius down to 5 mm, a high dynamic range of 1–300 kPa, and a spatial resolution down to 3 mm This was achieved using a novel sensor with an organic‐deformation layer. It will enable multi‐directional user interactions.
P‐139: A New Pixel Design for Touch and Display Driver Integration (TDDI)†
Authors: Liu Yanni , Wang Hui , Chen Junsheng , Lee SeungKyu , Zhang Xiaojie , Gu Honggang
Published: May 2019

In this paper, a high quality displays and high transmittance approach for TDDI LCD is proposed by placing the touch signal line in the center of sub‐pixel (where called Tx in dot). The design of Tx in dot can effectively eliminate the inhomogeneity of sub‐pixel parasitic capacitance and achieve the uniformity of color. In this paper four structures about Tx in dot have been proposed and simulated by Techwiz LCD 3D simulator, the result revealed that the structure of removing the com ITO layer directly above Tx signal line would have lower operate voltage (Vop) and smaller transmittance fluctuation. We also made the tx in dot product and confirmed that the product has good touch performance, lower operating voltage, higher transmittance and better picture uniformity at gray 255.
P‐147: The effect of ultraviolet polarization direction and temperature on the retardation dispersion of a self‐organized smectic reactive mesogen film
Authors: Choi Ho-Jin , Jeong Jinyoung , Lee Ji-Hoon
Published: May 2019

In this study, we investigated the effect of ultraviolet (UV) polarization direction and UV curing temperature on the retardation dispersion during photopolymerization of a self‐assembly smectic reactive mesogen (RM) compound. The RM retarder film fabricated with unpolarized UV light showed a positive dispersion (PD) of retardation. Also the film that was photopolymerized with UV light linearly polarized orthogonal to the layer plane showed a non‐uniform negative dispersion (ND). On the other hand, the film photopolymerized with UV light linearly polarized parallel to the layer plane showed a ND of retardation with decreasing UV‐photopolymerization temperatures.
P‐148: Chiral Polymer Network of Polymer‐stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Feng Yifan , Sun Changli , Zha Shenghao , Lu Jiangang
Published: May 2019

The effect of chiral polymer network in polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystals (PS‐BPLCs) was investigated. Compare with the conventional polymer network, the chiral PS‐BPLCs may induce and stabilize the blue phase with less proportion of chiral dopant resulting in a higher Kerr constant. The hysteresis and residual birefringence may be improved by introducing a chiral monomer with more rigid structure. And the response time is little effected by the chiral polymer network.
P‐149: Low‐voltage and High‐optical‐efficiency Blue‐Phase Transflective Liquid Crystal Displays using Step‐shaped Electrode
Authors: Hsieh Jia-Lun , Choi Wing-Kit
Published: May 2019

A step‐shaped electrode design is proposed for Polymer Stabilized Blue Phase (PSBP) Transflective LCD (TR‐LCD). This new electrode design is capable of delivering very high optical efficiency (both T and R) of > 95% with operation voltage of ∼ 13V (or > ∼ 90% with ∼ 9V). The step‐shaped electrode helps generate strong horizontal electric fields across the whole cell and suppress the formation of dead zone.
P‐206: Late‐News Poster: A Grating‐Aligned Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Electro‐Optic Shutter for Fast‐Switching and Shock‐Resistant Applications
Authors: Wyatt Peter J. M. , Bailey James , Nagaraj Mamatha , Jones J. Cliff
Published: May 2019

Sub‐millisecond electro‐optic switching times of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) remain highly desirable for fast switching devices, such as LCoS display applications. Such materials are notoriously susceptible to damage through shock‐induced flow. A simple shock‐stable geometry for FLC electro‐optic shutters is presented, based on homeotropic surface‐relief gratings.
P‐154: Increase of flexoelectric anisotropy of nematic liquid crystal doped with calamitic ferroelectric liquid crystal
Authors: Park Jimin , Kim Jongyoon , Lee Ji-Hoon
Published: May 2019

We report an increase of flexoelectric anisotropy (Δ e) of nematic liquid crystal by doping a calamitic ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC). We tested two kinds of FLC and both nematic liquid crystal mixtures doped with each FLC showed an increase of the flexoelectric anisotropy up to 52%. The reason for the increase in flexoelectric anisotropy is thought to be due to the large transverse dipole moment of the FLC.
P‐155: Study on Fast Response Pixel Model for VR HMD Application with Flexoelectric Effect Comparison
Authors: Huang Kun-Tsai , Hung Yu-Wen , Fang Ri-Xen , Lee Conrad , Lin Sung-Chin , Yu Chia-Hua , Kao Chris
Published: May 2019

Fast response liquid crystal display is needed in recent AR VR application. In this paper, we propose a vase shape slit pixel structure and study the flexoelectric effect in different pixel structure for AR HMD application. LC behavior in positive and negative LC with and without flexoelectric effect was discussed.
P‐156: Distinguished Student Poster: Image Flickering Reduction by Dimer and Polymer Stabilization in ADS Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Jiang Yingfei , Zhou Xiaochen , Qin Guangkui , Xu Xiaoguang , Lee SeungHee , Yang Deng-Ke
Published: May 2019

When a LCD display static images, power consumption can be reduced by employing a low driving frequency. However, when the driving frequency is decreased, there is a problem that the brightness of the display may change with time, a phenomenon known as flickering. One factor responsible for the flickering issue is flexoelectric effect. We show that flickering in ADvanced Super Dimension Switch (ADS) LCD can be significantly reduced by doping a liquid crystal dimer and using polymer stabilization. We demonstrated that 2 Hz driving frequency can be used to display static images.
P‐166: Bistable Operation of a Smectic‐A Liquid Crystal Grating for Low‐power Window Display Application
Authors: Seo Jeong-Ho , Huh Jae-Won , Choi Tae-Hoon , Kim Jin-Hun , Woo Jae-Hyeon , Yoon Tae-Hoon
Published: May 2019

We report a bistable smectic‐A (SmA) liquid crystal (LC) cell with crossed interdigitated electrodes. An SmA‐LC cell with crossed interdigitated electrodes is switchable between haze‐free transparent and high‐haze translucent states. It can be operated with very little power because it consumes power only while the state is being switched. Owing to the high diffraction efficiency, it can provide a high haze value of 92.2% in the translucent state. It has shown a clear transparent state with little haze and excellent optical characteristics in the translucent state. We expect that the device will be used for a window display application.
P‐168: Picture Quality and Uniformity Study on High Resolution Top Emission OLED Display Fabricated by Ink Jet Printing Process
Authors: Chen Peng-Yu , Chen Chien-Chuan , Hsieh Cheng-Chin , Lin Yu-Syuan , Li Chun-Han , Ye Xuan-Chen , Lu Hsueh-Hsing , Lin Kun-Yu
Published: May 2019

To realize a middle size OLED panel (10~20 inch) manufactured by ink jet printing process. A high resolution OLED panel is needed. Because of high resolution, the top emission OLED is requirement to increase the pixel aperture ratio, lifetime and color gamut. The pixel resolution in our study is 167ppi, which meets the requirement for automotive vehicle application. We discuss the film quality and picture quality from ink jet printing process to address which pixel arrangement design can meet the demand of products. Finally, a 12 inch AMOLED panel is realized in our study.
P‐173: Engineering of Linker Unit for Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Do Sik , Lee Kyung Hyung , Hong Wan Pyo , Song Ok Keun , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: May 2019

A series of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters of TrzCz1 and TrzCz2 are synthesized to study the effect of linker engineering on the TADF properties. Photophysical and electrical properties of TADF emitters were characterized by the electron donating strength of the molecule by integrating biscarbazole and t‐butylcarbazole electron donating units and triazine electron withdrawing unit. Energy bandgap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was tuned by changing the electron donating strength of the molecule. t‐butylcarbazole based molecule TrzCz2 (0.13 eV) showed smaller singlet‐triplet energy gap than TrzCz1 (0.20 eV), and the maximum photoluminescence emission peaks of TrzCz1 and TrzCz2 were 443 and 433nm. TrzCz1 device showed maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.4% with a CIE color coordinate of (0.17, 0.28) and TrzCz2 showed maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.9% with a CIE color coordinate of (0.15, 0.09)
P‐176: Quantitative Analysis of Charge Transport in Single‐Carrier Devices and OLEDs Combining DC and AC Data
Authors: Jenatsch Sandra , Züfle Simon , Will Paul-Anton , Blülle Balthasar , Neukom Martin , Lenk Simone , Reineke Sebastian , Braga Daniele , Domanski Konrad , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: May 2019

Single‐carrier devices are perfect model systems to extract material parameters for more complex multilayer organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and to learn about charge transport and injection properties of the device. By combining simulation and measurements in steady‐state and frequency domain, we obtain a set of reliable material parameters which can be used to model the multilayer OLED structure. Moreover, we can also evaluate the contact behavior and conclude that the OLED operation is limited by electron transport.
P‐181: New type ¼‐Wave Plate Film for OLED Panels
Authors: Takagi Shunsuke , Yoda Kenji , Osato Kazuhiro , Ishihara Jiro , Shibata Yuji
Published: May 2019

We will introduce a new type ¼‐wave plate film (QWP) for OLED displays. This QWP film has two layers with positive and negative intrinsic properties, which result in smaller reflectance and smaller color shift in all directions than other type of conventional QWP. It will be evaluated versus conventional films used in OLED panels.
P‐190: The Development of 403ppi real RGB Printing AMOLED
Authors: Shao Li-Qin , Ting-Dong  , Liang Ji-Sheng , Bi Ze-Tong , Zhe-Li  , Jingyao-Song  , Huo Si-Tao
Published: May 2019

A 403ppi (pixel per inch) real RGB AMOLED was fabricated without using Fine Metal Mask (FMM). Organic light‐emitting layer material was printed on array panel, resulting in a novel process with low cost and high pixel density. The OLED materials printed uniformly and the OLED device performed good property. The profile of the pixel was designed as a hexagonal pattern. Based on this design, it is possible to achieve 403 ppi real AMOLED using pixel printing process. The image quality for this hexagonal pixel arrangement was evaluated by a bmp format Pixel Layout Simulation picture.
P‐209: Late‐News Poster: Influence of Drying and Mixing Condition of the Host Materials on the Lifetime of Solution‐Processed OLEDs
Authors: Lee Ja Yeon , Kim Nam Su , Suh Min Chul
Published: May 2019

In order to investigate the influence of drying condition and host mixing ratio, we fabricated the solution processed OLEDs with two different host materials and Ir(mppy)3 as a green phosphorescent dopant. From this study, we found that the device lifetime of solution‐processed OLEDs was realized by controlling the recombination zone as well as drying temperature.
P‐215: Late‐News Poster: A Study of Lithium Complex Behavior Change Caused by Thermal Stress under High Temperature
Authors: Park Man Jae , Kim Ki-Hyun , Egorova Olga , Lee Change Woo , Rho Kyung Lae , Ahn Nari
Published: May 2019

In the present work we investigated stability and behavior change of lithium complex caused by thermal stress using PL, purity analysis methods, and synchrotron X‐ray. From our results the excimer formation and raw material degradation originated from sublimation purification were observed. Obviously, increased number of sublimation cycles, induces thermal degradation and change of crystalline structure of raw material. Moreover we suggested that highly stressed material containing excimers and thermal degradation products may tend to aggregation which can be a reason of stacking/clogging problems in organic evaporation chamber.
Tribological behavior of the low‐concentration boric acid and ZDDP lubricating oil mixtures
Authors: Özkan Doğuş , Sulukan Egemen
Published: May 2019

Zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP)‐free environmental friendly lubricating oil research studies have gained importance due to the governmental regulations over the last decade. In this study, low concentration boric acid‐base oil and ZDDP‐base oil mixtures were investigated with a ball on flat reciprocating tribometer to evaluate their tribological performances. The tribological performances of 1, 3, and 5% additive and base oil mixtures were evaluated at boundary lubrication condition in three main contexts including wear rates, surface tribochemistry, and friction. Results showed that there was no significant difference between boric acid and ZDDP friction coefficients. However, boric acid showed poor wear resistance when compared with ZDDP and it cannot be an alternative additive alone to ZDDPs.
Distributed inference for degenerate U‐statistics
Authors: Atta‐Asiamah Ernest , Yuan Mingao
Published: May 2019

In many hypothesis testing problems, the test statistics are degenerate U‐statistics. One of the challenges in practice is the computation of U‐statistics for large dataset. In this paper, we aim to reduce the computation complexity of degenerate U‐statistics by using the divide‐and‐conquer method. Specifically, we partition the full n data points into kn even disjoint groups, compute the U‐statistics on each group, and combine them by averaging. In this way, the running time is reduced to
, where m is the order of the U‐statistics. Besides, we study the optimal test rate of the divide‐and‐conquer methods. For degenerate U‐statistics, the optimal rate is
, the same as the optimal test rate for the nondegenerate case. The simulation and real data confirm that the proposed method has high power and faster running time.
European Constitutionalism and the German Basic Law
Authors: Grimm Dieter , Wendel Mattias , Reinbacher Tobias
Published: May 2019

The German Basic Law of 1949, intended to be the counter-authoritarian answer to the atrocities committed during the National Socialist regime, enshrines a distinctive and widely followed model of constitutionalism, entrenching institutions and procedures for the protection of fundamental rights. The Constitution begins with provisions on human dignity and inalienable human rights. It determines the unamendable substantive core of the constitutional order. A pre-eminent role is held by the German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC), and its judgments are taken into account early in the process of drafting legislation. The report outlines the extensive amendments that have been made to the Constitution to allow for EU and international co-operation. Both the Constitution and the Constitutional Court adhere to a Europe-friendly approach, albeit with limits. The FCC has delivered a considerable number of widely discussed constitutional judgments with regard to a broad range of EU measures, from the early Solange cases regarding fundamental rights to the more recent Data Retention, ESM Treaty and OMT cases, which are all summarised in the report. The extensive constitutional debates regarding the European Arrest Warrant system are also outlined. In the FCC case law on the euro crisis, a key theme is that financial liabilities ought to remain calculable, in order to preserve a link between the people and democratic representation through Parliament. More broadly, the report observes the way in which the constitutionalisation through EU Treaties of wide-ranging areas of regulation which are normally not found in constitutions has reduced democracy (the ‘over-constitutionalisation’ thesis developed by Dieter Grimm); a case is made for a revised approach. Regarding contested aspects of transnational law, there has been a constant concern regarding its effects on the social state.
The Constitution of Greece: EU Membership Perspectives
Authors: Contiades Xenophon , Papacharalambous Charalambos , Papastylianos Christos
Published: May 2019

The Constitution of Greece, adopted in 1975 after the collapse of the military dictatorship, was drafted with provisions providing the constitutional grounds for European integration. Subsequently, two EU related amendments were introduced and, additionally, constitutional interpretation is used to overcome further conflicts. The Constitution is described in the report as detailed and comprehensive, with a legal character and strong normative force. It includes a detailed list of rights, including social rights. The Constitution refers to the concept of ‘welfare state rule of law’. By way of an exception to constitutional systems of this type, Greece does not have a constitutional court, but instead a decentralised system of review of constitutionality. Adhering to the French ‘État de droit’ and the German ‘Rechtsstaat’ traditions, the rule of law works in conjunction with specific constitutional provisions. In particular, nulla poena sine lege is a cornerstone principle of constitutionality and the rule of law, and has prompted extensive scholarly concerns in relation to the European Arrest Warrant system. More widely known are the constitutional and fundamental rights issues raised in the context of the EU and IMF austerity and conditionality programmes, marking, according to the report, a darker side of sovereignty loss. The report summarises a broader concern in Greek academic commentary that constitutional rights and values have been given marginal protection, as the national constitution is no longer the guarantor of popular sovereignty rooted in a political decision made by the people, but rather has become a guarantor of the state’s compliance with EMU obligations.
Hungary: Constitutional (R)evolution or Regression?
Authors: Chronowski Nóra , Varju Márton , Bárd Petra , Sulyok Gábor
Published: May 2019

Since 2010, Hungarian constitutionalism has turned in a direction that has widely been regarded as illiberal and has attracted criticism from European and international organisations and other Member States. Central to the change was the adoption of the new Fundamental Law in 2011. The Hungarian report explores the post-2010 period in the context of EU and international law. Whilst the Hungarian Constitutional Court in 2012 affirmed the ‘constitutional continuity’, in that the interpretations that had been used prior to the new Fundamental Law would be applied, this was overruled by a subsequent constitutional amendment, which has reinforced concern that the governing majority is ignoring the constitutional traditions of the last two decades. Since this amendment, the Constitutional Court adds reasoning if it refers to the former case law. In the rulings related to international law and EU law, the constitutional practice did not change significantly, although it became somewhat ambiguous until 2015. An Editorial Note has been added to the country chapter to explain that before the illiberal turn in 2010 and in the aftermath of the post-communist constitutional reforms, the Hungarian constitutional system had in fact been widely acclaimed in Europe for the particularly extensive safeguards for the rule of law and human dignity established by the Constitutional Court. For instance, the Hungarian Constitutional Court during that period represented a robust approach to the principles of legal certainty and non-retroactivity as part of the doctrine of the rule of law, which was invoked frequently as the basis for annulment of legislation.
The Constitution of Luxembourg in the Context of EU and International Law as ‘Higher Law’
Authors: Gerkrath Jörg
Published: May 2019

The Constitution of Luxembourg (1868) is characterised in the report as rather a historic and political document than a truly normative one. Its style and wording are typical of a 19th century document, and thus there is a difference between the written document and the ‘living constitution’. The chapter on fundamental rights is relatively brief and fragmentary, with some widely recognised principles missing; the standards do not go beyond the standards of the ECHR. Luxembourg has embarked on a process of adopting a new Constitution, which is broadly set to continue the evolutionary constitutional tradition. In the Luxembourgish legal order, international law is regarded as ‘higher law’, a doctrine that is expected to be formalised in the new Constitution. The powers and history of the Constitutional Court, which started its work in 1998, are described as rather limited compared to other European constitutional courts; the proposed new Constitution envisages its abolition, to be replaced by the Supreme Court. EU and international measures are immune from constitutional review, and there has never been a challenge to national measures implementing EU law. However, some reservations with regard to the European Arrest Warrant have been expressed by the Conseil d’État. Luxembourg’s approach to extradition for offences of political nature is more protective than elsewhere.
The Constitution of Sweden and European Influences: The Changing Balance Between Democratic and Judicial Power
Authors: Nergelius Joakim
Published: May 2019

The Swedish Constitution is composed of four constitutional acts, some of which date back more than two hundred years. The central document is the Instrument of Government of 1974. The report observes that the fundamental rights chapter had rarely been applied by the Swedish courts until recent years. Traditionally, the national protection of basic rights is described as weak, as there is neither a constitutional court nor a strong tradition of judicial review by the ordinary courts. Judicial restraint is deemed necessary so as not to undermine the Swedish popular democracy. Thus, in general, EU and international law have enhanced rights protection and judicial review. Areas where constitutional concerns have arisen include the following: (a) freedom of speech enjoys a strong protection in the Constitution and this prompted delays regarding the implementation of the Data Retention Directive, which led to a consequent EU fine; (2) the ECJ ruling in Laval clashed with the right for trade unions to initiate collective action; (3) concerns have been expressed by civil society about limitation of the widespread access to documents where their secrecy may be requested by an international organisation. The European Arrest Warrant has not raised rights concerns in Sweden, although the report finds the ECJ’s approach in Melloni to be misguided. The Constitution contains extensive amendments regarding EU and international co-operation, including a fundamental rights based limitation clause that had its origin in the German Constitutional Court’s Solange decisions.
Helicity methods for high multiplicity subleading soft and collinear limits
Authors: Bhattacharya Arindam , Moult Ian , Stewart Iain W. , Vita Gherardo
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The factorization of multi-leg gauge theory amplitudes in the soft and collinear limits provides strong constraints on the structure of amplitudes, and enables efficient calculations of multi-jet observables at the LHC. There is significant interest in extending this understanding to include subleading powers in the soft and collinear limits. While this has been achieved for low point amplitudes, for higher point functions there is a proliferation of variables and more complicated phase space, making the analysis more challenging. By combining the subleading power expansion of spinor-helicity variables in collinear limits with consistency relations derived from the soft collinear effective theory, we show how to efficiently extract the subleading power leading logarithms of N-jet event shape observables directly from known spinor-helicity amplitudes. At subleading power, we observe the presence of power law singularities arising solely from the expansion of the amplitudes, which for hadron collider event shapes lead to the presence of derivatives of parton distributions. The techniques introduced here can be used to efficiently compute the power corrections for N-jettiness subtractions for processes involving jets at the LHC.
Common origin of baryon asymmetry, Dark Matter and neutrino mass
Authors: Biswas Anirban , Choubey Sandhya , Covi Laura , Khan Sarif
Published: May 2019

Abstract

In this work, we explain three beyond standard model (BSM) phenomena, namely neutrino masses, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe and Dark Matter, within a single model and in each explanation the right handed (RH) neutrinos play the prime role. Indeed by just introducing two RH neutrinos we can generate the neutrino masses by the Type-I seesaw mechanism. The baryon asymmetry of the Universe can arise from thermal leptogenesis from the decay of lightest RH neutrino before the decoupling of the electroweak sphaleron transitions, which redistribute the B − L number into a baryon number. At the same time, the decay of the RH neutrino can produce the Dark Matter (DM) as an asymmetric Dark Matter component. The source of CP violation in the two sectors is exactly the same, related to the complex couplings of the neutrinos. By determining the comoving number density for different values of the CP violation in the DM sector, we obtain a particular value of the DM mass after satisfying the relic density bound. We also give prediction for the DM direct detection (DD) in the near future by different ongoing DD experiments.
Embedded Pragmatic Effects and Conversational Implicatures
Authors: Odrowąż-Sypniewska Joanna
Published: May 2019

In a recent paper Mandy Simons has argued that in a Gricean framework there is room for embedded pragmatic effects. One of her goals has been to demonstrate that an argument put forward by François Recanati to the effect that it is not possible to apply Gricean reasoning to generation of local pragmatic effects is mistaken. In his commentary Recanati maintains that the view suggested by Simons can be called Gricean only in a very broad sense and insists that the process responsible for local effects is essentially different from the one which generates conversational implicatures. In my view their exchange highlights important issues concerning the way in which local pragmatic effects are generated and is worthy of a careful analysis. In what follows I critically examine Simons’s and Recanati’s views and then suggest the view that in the light of this analysis seems to me the most adequate. In particular, I argue—against Recanati—that during the interpretation process interpreters construct literal propositional nuclei, which usually fell short of being truth-evaluable but which play an important role in the interpretation. I claim that the view that assumes that such literal propositions are constructed in the process of interpretation is more universal and may be used to analyse a wider range of examples than the view that does not postulate such constructions. Nevertheless, I maintain—against Simons—that the global and local pragmatic inferences are importantly different.
Incidence and outcome of group B streptococcal invasive disease in Omani infants
Authors: Masroori Eman AL. , Uraba Wafa Bani , Hashami Hilal Al
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection is a serious disease that continues to cause high morbidity and mortality. It is one of the leading cause of sepsis; particularly meningitis, in infants and young children all around the world. In this study, we aim to identify the incidence of GBS sepsis in Omani infants less than 3 months of age who were born at Royal Hospital and who presented with clinical sepsis and positive culture. In addition, we aim to describe the clinical presentation and complications noted on admission and then on follow-up visit.

Methods:

This is an observational retrospective chart review study. It included all Omani infants (0–3 months) who were diagnosed to have GBS sepsis/meningitis from 2006 to 2016 at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

Results:

There were 83,000 live births in the Royal Hospital over a period of 10 years. Thirty-eight babies had culture proven GBS infection, with an overall incidence rate of neonatal GBS of 0.46 per 1000 live births with 95% confidence intervals. There were no significant variations in the annual rates of infection during the study period, ranging from around 1–7 cases per year. Additional 5 cases of GBS sepsis presented to Royal Hospital are either through Emergency Department or as referrals from other hospitals, giving us a total of 43 cases of proven GBS infections. Out of the 43 cases, 8 were born prematurely (19%), either before (<34 weeks, n = 2) or during (34–36 weeks, n = 6). Term babies were 35 out of 43 with percentage of 81% of the total. Three died, resulting in a case mortality of 7.0%.

Conclusion:

Our GBS incidence is comparable to that of screened population internationally. At the time being, with the best available results, maternal screening might not seem cost effective in our current settings. A cost effective study is required before implemented a national screening programme in the Country. However, this research will definitely help in the process of any future plans of implantation of new guidelines, as it can be used as leading point for future prospective studies.
Sudanese Women’s Groups on Facebook and #Civil_Disobedience:Nairat or Thairat?(Radiant or Revolutionary?)
Authors: Ali Nada Mustafa
Published: May 2019

The first two decades of the twenty-first century witnessed expanded digital connectivity, with important political implications, evident in the way activists used Facebook and Twitter to mobilize for political change in North Africa and beyond in 2010/2011, and in Sudan, including in 2018 and 2019. These platforms are also often sites where women may articulate narratives on the body and the body politic. Through digital ethnographic research, this study explores social and cultural narratives on everyday body aesthetics that Sudanese women articulate in selected groups on Facebook. I argue that the role some of these groups played in organizing civil disobedience in Sudan in November 2016 disrupts the binary inherent in the question:Nairat or Thairat?
Survival physiology and sex ratio of the Chinese white pine beetleDendroctonus armandi(Coleoptera: Scolytinae) during host colonization and overwintering
Authors: Dai L. , Zheng J. , Wang Y. , Sun Y. , Chen H.
Published: May 2019

The Chinese white pine beetleDendroctonus armandi(Coleoptera: Scolytinae) typically displays bivoltinism at altitudes below 1700 m in the Qinling Mountains, China. The periods of host colonization and larval overwintering are two important phases in the life cycle of bark beetles, as it is during these periods that they have to contend with host plant defences and periods of intense cold, respectively. Although during different seasons, the females and males of Chinese white pine beetles show varying tolerances to host plant terpenoids, the sex ratio and survival physiology condition of the two beetle generations are unknown. We investigated the sex ratio of individuals, and also examined the body mass, energy stores, and detoxication enzymes of males and females in each of the two generations in order to determine the overall population stability of each generation. We identified a female-biased sex ratio among adults in both generations. Furthermore, patterns of body mass, energy stores, and detoxication enzymes were found to differ between the two sexes and two seasons. Compared with the males, the females have a larger body mass and higher amounts of stored lipids, which are assumed to be adaptations designed to overcome host resistance and facilitate subsequent oviposition.
“Holy Name”: A Reading of Paradise Lost
Authors: Lieb Michael
Published: May 2019

In its celebration of the Name of God, the Zohar offers a significant way of coming to terms with the apostrophe to Light that opens Book III of Paradise Lost. The Ineffable Name, states the Zohar, “is the source and beginning of supreme mysteries indeed; it is the sphere whence emanate all the burning lights, and where the whole mystery of Faith is centred; this Name dominates all.” Similarly, Milton celebrates “holy Light,” but his “Hail” is immediately qualified by his unwillingness to penetrate too far into the mystery. Whether that “Light” is the “ofspring of Heav'n first-born,/ Or of th' Eternal Coeternal beam” (III, 1–2), Milton will not say. However his words suggest the nature of godhead in its association with the Muse, Milton's stance is clear enough. He intends to “keep off with a sacred reverence” the naming of that which might incur blame. Thus, the first two lines of the apostrophe culminate with the all-important question: “May I express thee unblam'd?” (III, 3). Representing a fitting tribute to one who dwells “in unapproached light” (III, 4), this question strikes at the heart of Milton's attitude toward the Name of God. As Milton states in Christian Doctrine (I. 2), if the Divine Name is to be pronounced at all, it had better be “with due reverence” (“modo reverenter”) (Works, XIV, 38, 39).
The Israel Ombudsman: An Appraisal
Authors: Elman Peter
Published: May 2019

Very soon after the establishment of the State (and as an important part of its constitutional structure) the office of State Comptroller, responsible to the Knesset alone and independent of the Government, was established under statute—the State Comptroller Law of 1949. After undergoing a number of amendments, the Law was eventually replaced in 1958 by a Consolidated Version but without any substantive change being made in the functions and powers of the Comptroller, a fact which goes far to demonstrate the proven worth of the office.

Briefly, the functions of the Comptroller are to carry out “inspection of the finances and the management of the finances and the property and administration of the State and of the bodies subject to the inspection of the Comptroller, and to perform the other functions assigned to the Comptroller by this Law”.

The bodies subject to inspection include, in addition to every government department, state enterprises and institutions and local authorities, persons or bodies holding, otherwise than under contract, or managing or controlling any state property or funds in the management of which the Government has a share or which are made subject to inspection by the Knesset or by agreement with the Government.
Nathan Feinberg: A Tribute
Authors:   The Editorial Board
Published: May 2019

It is a great pleasure and honour for us to present to Professor Nathan Feinberg on his 80th birthday, as a token of admiration and affection, this issue of the Israel Law Review, which marks the conclusion of the first ten years of publication.

As teachers and students of the Law Faculty of the Hebrew University, we are grateful to him for the leading role he played in the creation of that Faculty. As jurists we admire his undisputed mastery of international law, and as Jews and Israelis we are indebted to him for the service he has rendered to the entire Jewish people, to the Zionist cause and to the State of Israel.

Nathan Feinberg was born in Kovno on June 6, 1895. His aptitude for learning was such that the severe numerus clausus did not prevent his admission to the Russian high school, from which he graduated with distinction in 1914. At the same time he was given a Jewish and Hebrew education privately. He then proceeded to the Faculty of Law of the University of Zurich, from which he graduatedmagna cum laudein 1918.
Persistence of coagulase negative staphylococcal intramammary infections in dairy goats
Authors: Bernier Gosselin Véronique , Dufour Simon , Adkins Pamela R. F. , Middleton John R.
Published: May 2019

The objectives of the research described here were to describe the persistence of intramammary infections (IMI) caused by coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) in goats using strain-typing, and to evaluate the relationship between species-specific CNS IMI and somatic cell score (SCS) at the udder-half level. Udder-half milk samples were collected from all 909 lactating goats (1817 halves; 1 blind half) in a single herd. Milk samples were cultured on Columbia blood agar, and 220 goats with at least one half yielding a single colony type CNS were enrolled for two additional half-level samplings at approximately 1-month intervals. Isolates were identified to the species level by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry or PCR amplification and partial sequencing of tuf or rpoB. An IMI was defined as persistent when ≥1 follow-up sample yielded the same species and strain as on Day 0 based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A generalised mixed linear model was used to evaluate the odds of persistence as a function of CNS species. A mixed linear model was used to evaluate the relationship between IMI status on a given day and SCS. Among 192 IMI, 69.8% were persistent based on species and strain-type. Staphylococcus simulans IMI had higher odds of persistence than Staphylococcus arlettae IMI. In primiparous goats, Staphylococcus epidermidis IMI was associated with higher SCS than S. arlettae, Staphylococcus xylosus and ‘other CNS’ IMI. The differences detected in the present study between CNS species, with regard to persistence of IMI and association with SCS, highlight the need to study CNS at the species and strain level to understand the pathogenicity and epidemiology of CNS in goats.
The effects of fish skin mucus on hatching in the monogenean parasite Entobdella soleae from the skin of the common sole, Solea solea
Authors: Kearn Graham C.
Published: May 2019

Previously it has been shown that eggs of the skin-parasitic monogenean Entobdella soleae, maintained free of host contamination at constant temperature (12 °C) and exposed to alternating 12 h periods of light and darkness, hatch during the first few hours of each period of illumination as a result of endogenous processes in the larva in conjunction with the illumination cycle. Washings, prepared by immersing the parasite's host (the common sole, Solea solea) for 1 h in seawater (just sufficient to cover the body), enhance this ‘morning’ hatching. Furthermore, the application of host washings during the latter half of the period of illumination or during the dark period also stimulates hatching. Experiments have shown that the hatching factor is present in sole skin mucus, is not destroyed by boiling for 5 min or by freezing and is produced by small soles measuring 4–5 cm in length as well as by larger soles (15–21 cm long).

When eggs are incubated at about 12°C in the absence of fish washings, hatching begins about 30 days after laying, but there is evidence that some of the larvae inside their shells are fully developed and capable of hatching in response to host hatching factor 1–3 days earlier.

When fish washings are added to eggs which range in age from 25 to more than 30 days (at 12 °C) many eggs are stimulated to hatch (in addition to ‘morning’ hatching as a result of endogenous rhythmical processes and the illumination cycle) and others fail to hatch. These remaining unhatched eggs, in the absence of further treatment with host hatching factor, will complete their development and subsequently will hatch during the ‘morning’ hours in response to the illumination cycle. Further contact with host hatching factor is likely to stimulate the hatching of some of these remaining eggs.

The host hatching factor is not specific to S. solea; washings from plaice, dab, halibut, whiting and ray induce hatching in E. soleae. In experiments in which oncomiracidia were offered scales from dab and sole, most of the attached larvae were found on sole skin, irrespective of whether the hatching stimulant had been provided by dab or by sole.

The relationship between the behaviour of the common sole and hatching phenomena in the skin parasite is discussed; hatching rhythms and the use of host hatching factors adapt the parasite to take advantage of most opportunities to infect the host.
Humoral encapsulation in Diptera (Insecta): defence reactions ofChironomuslarvae against fungi
Authors: Götz P. , Vey A.
Published: May 2019

Humoral encapsulation is an effective defence reaction against fungal pathogens. The development of injected spores in the haemocoele ofChironomuslarvae may be completely (Aspergillus niger) or partially (Mucor hiemalis) prevented by this reaction. The encapsulation proceeds very rapidly; within 5 min of injection most of the spores are enclosed in a solid capsule. Disintegrating blood cells may participate in the formation of capsule substance, but this is not usually the case. Encapsulation also occurs within the cuticle against invading hyphae ofBeauveria bassiana. Histochemical tests show that the capsule substance does not consist of polysaccharides; some tests for proteins and all tests for melanin were positive. The significance of melanin formation and the biochemistry of the phenoloxidase system in insects is discussed in detail. The data presented lead to the conclusion that humoral encapsulation is based upon an activation of phenoloxidases and that the capsule substance represents a polyphenol—protein complex. In contrast to current opinion, the formation of melanin in cellular as well as in humoral encapsulation is not considered to be a secondary process, independent of the actual encapsulation procedure. Instead, the authors interpret the presence of melanin as an indication of the activity of phenoloxidases which cause the formation of a capsule substance on the surface of the parasites.
The functional significance of scolex retraction and subsequent cyst formation in the cysticercoid larva of Hymenolepis microstoma
Authors: Caley Jennifer
Published: May 2019

The cysticercoid type of larval development, involving the retraction of the scolex and the associated development of a cyst, is of widespread occurrence within cyclophyllidean cestodes, but previously its possible adaptive value has been unexplained. Scolex retraction in Hymenolepis microstoma is an active, muscular process which takes only about a minute to complete. Following its retraction the scolex develops adult structures. The cyst enclosing the scolex also differentiates further, involving the secretion of three layers of collagen fibres and the development of a myelin-like layer adjacent to the retracted scolex. The cells within the cyst, including the muscle, become condensed or are autolysed causing a decrease in thickness of the cyst and an increase in the proportion of fibrous tissue. The collagenous part of the cyst provides mechanical protection for the scolex during grinding by the teeth on entry into the mouse host. The myelin-like layer insulates the scolex from the low pH conditions of the stomach. Values of lower than pH 3·0 are lethal to newly excysted worms. The myelin-like layer loses its insulatory capacity following exposure to bile salts.
Crownvetch Establishment by Herbicides
Authors: Linscott D. L. , Hagin R. D.
Published: May 2019

Two methods of controlling weeds during the establishment of crownvetch (Coronilla varia L. ‘Chemung’) were studied. The first involved broadcast-incorporated spray treatments with either EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) or benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) before planting. At planting, simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] or bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) was applied in bands between seeded rows of crownvetch. Excellent weed control and good crownvetch establishment were obtained consistently, but in some years bromacil damaged seedling crownvetch excessively. In the second, weed control and subsequent crownvetch establishment were successful for 4 consecutive years after broadcastpreplanting treatments of EPTC or benefin, followed by a postemergence spraying with dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol).
Dormancy Changes and Fate of Some Annual Weed Seeds in the Soil
Authors: Stoller E. W. , Wax L. M.
Published: May 2019

Seeds of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.), ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.), yellow foxtail[Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) were buried in the soil at depths down to 15.2 cm in November 1966. Seeds of jimsonweed, ivyleaf morningglory, giant ragweed, yellow foxtail, velvetleaf, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) were buried 2.5 and 10.2 cm below the surface in October 1968. Seeds were exhumed for periodic laboratory analyses of dormancy changes. All species except ivyleaf morningglory and common cocklebur germinated better in light than in darkness after at least one winter of burial in the soil. Seeds decayed faster at 2.5 cm below the soil surface than at 10.2 cm, but some viable seeds of all species were recovered from both depths after 3 years. The development or maintenance of hard seeds was considered the principle mechanism for seed survival for 3 years in these species.