bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico ecológico y fitosanitario de un parque urbano del área metropolitana de Guadalajara, México
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias., Hernández-Álvarez Efrén , Gallegos Rodríguez Agustín , Guzmán Paredes Carlos M. , Rodríguez Ramírez Cynthia G. , Hernández Tovar Mario Alberto
Published: July 2022

Urban parks are open spaces for public use, where we can find human relations of leisure, recreation, sports, community living,among others, activities. They also provide benefits, through ecosystem services. In the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, urban parkshave not received enough attention. Traditionally, it was assumed that the trees that comprise it, must be developed without anyintervention of forest management or at most plantations in which very little is intervened with protection and silvicultural work toachieve their establishment and good development. The park of "La Solidaridad Iberoamericana'' is an ecosystem where treespredominate, it is immersed in a densely populated area and offers facilities for recreation. Hence the importance of this work,which provides lines of action aimed at promoting and managing the park's urban forest. The leading goal of this work was todevelop a comprehensive diagnosis to identify forest management needs. The methodology consisted of making a stand for thepark, establishment of 108 sampling sites of 500 m², survey of dasometric, silvicultural, biodiversity and phytosanitary variablespresent in the trees. The results are: five stands were defined, the main species susceptible to mistletoe were Jacaranda mimosifolia,Bahuinia americana and Casuarina equisetifolia. The main phytosanitary problem is Struthanthus interruptus, a mistletoe speciesthat affects trees, followed to a lesser extent by Psittacanthus calyculatus. The biodiversity and richness of tree species are 20, theybelong to 16 different botanical families, standing out Fabaceae, Bignonaceae, and Salicaceae. The silvicultural management needs detected are pruning and thinning; 18.6% of the trees require pruning to raise the crown, 75.4% require sanitary pruning, 19% of the trees must be felled, since they represent a danger of falling due to rain and strong winds.
Los bosques colindantes a las grandes ciudades como reguladores de los efectos del cambio climático; Caso Bosque La Primavera - Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara
Authors:   Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Frutos-González Karla Vanessa , Curiel Ballesteros Arturo ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: July 2022

Currently, the effects of climate change (CC) are being experienced with big consequences. The regulatoryeffect of the Primavera Forest (BLP) over the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (ZMG) was evaluated. Theclimate change indicator was maximum temperature of the warmest months considered as normal (2004)and with an anomaly >1.5°C (2005). The results were that in a normal year the winds coming from thePrimavera Forest reduce the probability of having heat waves by more than 50%, while in a year withanomaly, the Primavera Forest regulates the presence of high temperatures that trigger fatal diseases inGuadalajara Metropolitan Area.
Efecto de los antioxidantes en la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal
Authors:   Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara., Pardo-Peña Kenia , Martínez-Gallegos Salvador M. , Noriega-Ruiz Marco A.
Published: July 2022

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affects around 70 million people in the world, which represents approximately 1%of the world population. Seizures are transitory episodes produced by excessive neuronal discharges. They are characterized bytransient behavioral changes that are caused by abnormal and excessive neuronal synchronization in the brain. These episodes canbe triggered by genetic or acquired factors that alter normal brain function such as autoimmune diseases, genetic mutations,encephalopathies, head trauma, cerebrovascular accidents, febrile seizures or statusepilepticus. Temporal lobe epilepsy is a seriousneurological disorder, which represents 60% to 70% of drug-resistant epilepsy, and is an important form of epilepsy acquired byany of the factors mentioned. Seizures can generate recurrent cycles of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress that cause neuronaldamage and cell death. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the endogenous antioxidant system and the overproduction ofreactive oxygen species (ROS), consequently, oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids occurs in the brain, resulting inapoptosis, proteopathies, mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell activation and neuroinflammation. ROS are responsible for thegeneration of oxidative stress and could be involved in neuronal damage that contributes to the establishment of epileptogenesis andspontaneous seizures in patients and experimental models. The administration of agents with antioxidant and anti-inflammatoryproperties could represent a therapeutic alternative aimed at reducing oxidative stress during epileptogenesis or seizures to reducethe severity of the pathological processes involved, and thus attenuate the neurobiological consequences that occur in temporal lobeepilepsy.
Evaluación de sustentabilidad del Bosque de Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. et Cham. de la alcaldía La Magdalena Contreras, Ciudad de México, México
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, Cárdenas González Lizbeth , Ordoñez Díaz José Antonio Benjamín ,   Tecnológico de Monterrey, Facultad de Ciencias UNAM.
Published: July 2022

The forest of Abies Religiosa (Kunth) Shcltdl. et Cham. Located in the mayor's office La Magdalena Contreras offers variousecosystem services; it is a green lung for Mexico City (CDMX) and is constantly being threatened by the growth of the urbansprawl. This study was carried out in order to identify the main socioeconomic and environmental indicators that allow evaluatingsustainability. The Natural Resources Management Systems Assessment Framework incorporating Sustainability Indicators(MESMIS) was used. The study was carried out in stages: 1) identification of the critical points of the system, 2) identification ofindicators and assignment of values and 3) non-parametric analysis with generation of indices. In total, 36 indicators were identifiedwith 54 indices, of which 50% (27) were of a social nature, 30% (16) of an environmental nature, and the remaining 20% (11) of aneconomic nature. Based on the indicators, a weighted value was assigned. The sustainability index (IDS) was 0.51, with the idealsustainability value being equal to 1, which means that the Abies religiosa forest of the La Magdalena Contreras is positioned at a"regular" level of sustainability. The aspects that must be addressed to achieve sustainability in the Magdalena Contreras systemare: creating relationships of trust between the owners of the forest, consolidating the community, establishing economicmechanisms that guarantee income and the active participation of the actors involved in the cost effectiveness. Therefore, it isimportant to promote environmental education, offer more employment alternatives, community participation, economicdiversification, promote innovation and transfer of technologies for the conservation and integrated management of the forest.
EFFECT OF FEEDING FREQUENCY ON SOME PERFORMANCE INDICES OF THE AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS, BURCHEL 1822) JUVENILES
Authors: Oboh Angela
Published: July 2022

A nine-weeks feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding frequency on the growth performance of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. C. gariepinus juveniles (12.72±0.45 g) were stocked into 9 tanks at a density of 10 ﬁsh per tank and three different feeding frequencies were tested on triplicate groups for 63 days. Feeding frequency I: fish were fed to apparent satiation only once a day, in the mornings, throughout the experimental period. Feeding frequency II: fish were fed to apparent satiation twice a day, every other day, throughout the experimental period. Feeding frequency III: fish were fed to apparent satiation, twice a day, throughout the experimental period. A commercial catfish diet consisting of 42 % crude protein and 20 Mj Kg-1 gross energy was used. No significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in growth performance or food conversion ratio (FCR) amongst the three different treatments. Similarly, feed intake was not significantly higher in any group as increased feeding was observed when fish in Groups 1 and 2 were fed. This study reveals that feeding strategies such as used in Groups 1 and 2 in this study may neither improve growth performance nor be a good feeding strategy for the reduction of production cost in C. gariepinus farming
Complicações neurológicas da COVID-19 em crianças: revisão de escopo
Authors: Dantas Maria Clara Soares , Queiroz Ana Cláudia de , Silva Maria de Fátima Cabral da , Macêdo Giovanna Gabrielly Custódio , Santos Nathanielly Cristina Carvalho de Brito , Cantalice Anajás da Silva Cardoso
Published: July 2022

Introdução: Na criança, os casos de COVID-19, infecção causada pelo novo Coronavirus ou SARS-CoV-2, são geralmente mais discretos, com taxa de incidência e gravidade bem menores quando comparadas a outras faixas etárias, entretanto há evidências de que possa atingir os sistemas nervoso central e periférico, com possibilidade de resultar em inúmeras deficiências. Objetivo: Identificar as principais complicações neurológicas da COVID-19 em crianças a partir da literatura internacional. Métodos: Revisão de escopo realizada em base de dados eletrônicas. A busca na literatura ocorreu em janeiro de 2021. Para a construção da questão de pesquisa, adotou-se a estratégia PICO. O processo de seleção dos estudos foi realizado por meio das recomendações da Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA). A amostra foi composta por 14 artigos. Resultados: A análise identificou que as complicações neurológicas mais comuns são: infecções e inflamações do sistema nervoso central, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, edema pulmonar neurogênico e crises epilépticas. Conclusão: Observou-se que o SARS-CoV-2 pode acarretar sérias complicações neurológicas em crianças infectadas, sendo as mais descritas nos estudos avaliados: infecções do SNC, inflamações do SNC, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, edema pulmonar neurogênico e crises epilépticas.
Ore-controlling factors as the basis for singling out the prospective areas within the Syrymbet rare-metal deposit, Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Issayeva Lyudmila , Togizov Kuanysh , Duczmal-Czernikiewicz Agata , Kurmangazhina Madina , Muratkhanov Daulet
Published: July 2022

Purpose is prediction of the prospective areas within the Syrymbet deposit basing on the systematization and complementing of the ore-controlling factors of ore localization and predictive-prospecting criteria. Methods. The methodology of carrying out the research in terms of the indicated problem involves complex application of empiric, theoretical, and logical techniques of a general-purpose method of scientific knowledge. To model the ore bodies and distribution of ore content in them in the 3D format, the computer modelling (GIS-Micromine) methods were used; 2D modelling of a temperature field of the ore-bearing Syrymbet mass involved methods of mathematical modelling (Maple 10). The main conclusions were drawn by means of analysis and synthesis of the results obtained by the indicated methods. Findings.. The ore-controlling factors of the localization of rare metal ores were systematized and complemented by synthesizing the results of the analysis of 3D models of the deposit under consideration with the visualization of ore component contents within the ore bodies and their 2D sections in terms of the survey profiles where spatial distribution of tin content in the vertical section of this deposit was obtained. The factors were also updated by analyzing the thermodynamic conditions of the formation of ore stockworks where temperature conditions of the enclosing media in the area of ore formation were considered along with the intervals of the ore deposition temperatures. Originality. The results of scientific studies (computer and mathematical modelling) based on the empiric geological data helped solve not only the problems of ore formation theory but also the practical tasks concerning the improvement of methods for predicting the prospective areas within the deposit. Practical implications. The methodology of scientific study dealing with systematization of ore-controlling factors can be also used for other endogenous ore objects.
Stress-strain state index of the Imex quarry rock mass, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Nguema Alfonso Alogo , González Isnel Rodríguez , Pire Maday Cartaya
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The purpose of this research is to determine the index of the rock mass stress-strain state in the Imex quarry, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Methods. To determine the number of required samples by the method of stratified random sampling, the t-Student principle is used. The physical-mechanical properties of rocks have been determined by tests and methods of saturation, pycnometry, hydrostatic weighing, axial loads and clock-type indicators. The classification of the degree of weathering has been carried out to assess its impact on the physical-mechanical properties of rocks and rock mass on the basis of direct observation in different areas of the studied rock mass. To determine the rock mass stress-strain state, the Hoek-Brown failure criterion is used, including laboratory tests to determine the models, dimensions and shapes of ruptures. Findings. Significant changes in rocks, high values of stress and weathering, which generate distributions of new forces in the rock mass and originate instability and large deformations, as well as a high porosity index, average values of compressive strength and a high value of elasticity modulus, have been revealed. Significant differences in the degree of weathering in the prevailing zones, from insignificant values of weathering in the northern areas to moderate values of weathering in the south, have been confirmed. Originality. Information is presented on the physical-mechanical properties, the degree of weathering and the stress-strain state index of the rock mass in the Imex quarry, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Practical implications. Knowledge about the rock quality, management and implementation of technological processes during operation can be used as a useful material for the construction industry.
Determining the regional tectonic stress field by remote sensing in the Bou Azzer inlier, Central Anti-Atlas, Morocco
Authors: Driouch Anas , Ouadif Latifa , Benjmel Khalid , Bhilisse Mohamed , Ilmen Said
Published: July 2022

Purpose. This paper deals with the determination of the regional stress field direction of the Bou Azzer inlier using the remote sensing tool. Methods. CIn this study, we use an approach to digital mapping by remote sensing, including the steps of pre-processing and processing of Landsat-8 OLI images. Then, an automatic extraction of lineaments based on directional filtering has been performed. To determine the main directions of major mean fractures, these results have been supplemented and confirmed by an integrated model, including a synthesis of bibliographic works and field studies. Findings. The directional rosette analysis results show four systems of major directions namely, N0°, N45°, N90° and N135°. The regional stress field in the study area, according to tectonic history, is characterized by a horizontal compression tectonic regime, as indicated by several systems of strike-slip faults with a high tendency to deformation. Thus, the abundance of brittle and ductile microtectonic indicators confirms the direction of the main compressive stress N°30. The direction of the three-dimensional stress field: σ1: N°30, σ2: N°120, σ3: Vertical component. Originality. The present study allows to determine the regional stress field direction of the Bou Azzer inlier, in particular, in areas affected by complex tectonics of various scales, as well as in hard-to-reach areas. Practical implications. In mining practice, the study of stability using 2D and 3D geotechnical numerical modeling of underground mine workings is essential. The stress field direction is an important input parameter to develop more realistic decision support models, as well as to ensure the safety of people and materials at the Bou Azzer mine.
Substantiation of mining systems for steeply dipping low-thickness ore bodies with controlled continuous stope extraction
Authors: Rysbekov Kanay , Bitimbayev Marat , Akhmetkanov Dalelkhan , Yelemessov Kassym , Barmenshinova Madina , Toktarov Ayan , Baskanbayeva Dinara
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The solution to one of the important problems of the underground mining method is to substantiate cost-effective, technologically feasible and safe variants for mining steeply dipping low-thickness ore bodies. Methods. Mining systems are substantiated on the basis of a detailed analysis of the developed and existing experiential variants for mining steeply dipping ore bodies, identifying production and economic disadvantages, as well as their causes. Findings.As a result of the research, the pillar raise performance in the mining system with ore shrinkage has been substantiated. The main parameters of the proposed variants for mining systems with ore shrinkage, intended for expansion-type supports and borehole breaking, have been substantiated. A design has been developed of fastening the material-running raises (MRR) and ventilating raises (VR) on the working and ventilation horizons to ensure their performance in the mining system with ore shrinkage. Originality. For the first time, dependences of dilution and labour productivity on the ore body thickness and the type of ore breaking for blast-hole stoping and borehole breaking for a single and “twinned block” have been obtained. In addition, a certain dependence of the loading and delivery performance on the average fractional composition, as well as on the delivery distance, has been obtained. Practical implications. The research is characterized by scientific innovations created for the first time, which are able to ensure the efficiency and safety of mining operations, while creating the ability to manage the loss of minerals and dilution in the block, as well as reaching their calculated optimal ratio in order to achieve the most cost-effective production rate.
Effectiveness of ventilation regulation in a simple diagonal system of underground mines
Authors: Zeqiri Izet , Gashi Jahir , Brahimaj Frasher , Zeqiri Rafet
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Each ventilation system has its own important elements, such as the various branches of the system, which can be connected in a normal and diagonal pattern, ventilation regulators and fans. Based on a professional approach to the analysis of this aeration system, a comparison of reliability results has been conducted, which indicates the real state of the microclimate in underground mines, affecting the increase in the prospects for the development of mining activity. Methods. This paper deals with the problem of ventilation in underground mines, especially in diagonal systems, and the importance of regulating ventilation to provide the required amount of air (Q, m3/min) through the entire system, taking into account the determination of the main fan depression. Findings. To ensure the required (designed) amount of air through the system branches, various methods of effective regulation are used in mining engineering. Therefore, based on research and measurements in different mine workings, our findings provide complete safety and comfort of microclimate during mining activity. Originality. The measurements performed and the database created according to the values and results obtained from the analytical calculations present the best possible estimate, which is substantiated in the paper. Practical implications. The problem of calculating and regulating aeration for a simple diagonal system has been solved, taking into account the determination of the main mine fan depression before and after the use of aeration regulators.
Operation complexity as one of the injury factors of coal miners
Authors: Nehrii Serhii , Nehrii Tetiana , Volkov Serhii , Zbykovskyy Yevgen , Shvets Iryna
Published: July 2022

Purpose is to identify regularities of miners’ injuries in the process of manufacturing operations based upon assessment of labour conditions in terms of energy intensity of a body. Methods. Analysis of the basic manufacturing operations, monitoring of a working process and functional conditions of bodies of miners, involving methods of mathematical statistics, determined the probability of injury of miners according to the value of their energy losses. Findings. It has been proved that to avoid potentially hazardous situation it is required to take into consideration energy cost of the performed operations which should correspond to psychophysical potential of miners. Conditional boundary of difficult continuous restless activities has been identified. It is 290 W being the upper boundary of energy losses. If the difficulty index is more than 290 W then the probability of injury of miners is 74%. If the index is 290 up to 464 W then the probability is 60%. Originality. A relationship between injury level of miners and difficulty of the performed operations has been identified; the relationship is assessed with the help of energy losses by their bodies. Methods to analyze accidents in terms of their situational patterns have been proposed. The methods rely upon a workplace analysis as well as activities before an adverse event and labour conditions in terms of energy losses by victims. Practical implications. Methods to identify difficulty of labour of miners and duration of compensatory breaks during work performance have been developed. The methods may be quite useful while investigating accidents, assessing labour conditions of miners, and technical documenting. Moreover, they are necessary for the development of measures making labour of miners safe.
The Effect of Temperature and Solvents on the Thermodynamical and Electronic Properties of N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP): A Computational Study
Authors: Alauddin Md
Published: July 2022

Effects of temperature and solvents on the thermodynamical and electronic properties of N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP) have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Calculated results shows that thermodynamic properties such as enthalpy (H), entropy (S) and specific heat capacity (Cv) are increased by the raising of temperature (100 K-1200 K) because of enhancing the intensities of molecular vibration. On the contrary, change of Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) has been decreased with the increase of temperature. FMO energy gap is enlarged by solvation and therefore APAP becomes more stable in solution especially in polar solvents. Moreover, solvation increases the magnitude of ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, chemical potential and global hardness. Two UV absorption maxima (λmax1 and λmax2) are found at 243.08 nm and 193.85 nm which are originated from phenyl and amide chromophore, respectively. The calculated λmax1 and λmax2 agree quite well with the available experimental data. On the other hand, calculated results reveal that solvation blueshifts the electronic absorption spectraas well as enhances the absorption intensity significantly.
Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 69(3): 125-132, 2022 (June)
Pemberdayaan Ibu-Ibu PKK melalui Budidaya Sayuran untuk Pemenuhan Pangan Keluarga dan Mewujudkan Program P2L pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Ammar Muhammad , Sulaiman Firdaus , Harun Muhammad Umar , Irmawati Irmawati
Published: July 2022

Masyarakat Desa Tanjung Utara sebagian besar tidak memanfaatkan lahan atau pekarangan karena sering terjadi banjir secara periodik setiap tahun. Saat ini, Indonesia bahkan dunia sedang mengalami covid-19 yang tidak hanya membawa masalah kesehatan masyarakat, tetapi juga berimplikasi luas, seperti kelancaran distribusi pangan. Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pertanian telah membentuk program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari. Program ini sangat tepat untuk diwujudkan di masa covid-19. Kegiatan ini bertujuan 1) Memberdayakan masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan pekarangan dengan menanam berbagai tanaman sayuran untuk pemenuhan gizi keluarga dan memberi penyuluhan tentang manfaat tanaman sayuran, 2) Mensosialisasikan program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L).  Melalui berbagai teknik budidaya yang dapat diterapkan dengan membuat demonstrasi plot (demplot) baik langsung lahan pekarangan maupun menggunakan metode-metode lain seperti small garden, hidroponik, vertikultur dan microgreens. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian telah meningkatkan pemahaman ibu-ibu  mengenai budidaya sayuran di pekarangan dan program pekarangan pangan lestari.
Wnt signaling in liver regeneration, disease, and cancer
Authors: Zou Gengyi , Park Jae-Il
Published: July 2022

The liver exhibits the highest recovery rate from acute injuries. However, in chronic liver disease, the long-term loss of hepatocytes often leads to adverse consequences such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The Wnt signaling plays a pivotal role in both liver regeneration and tumorigenesis. Therefore, manipulating the Wnt signaling has become an attractive approach to treating liver disease, including cancer. Nonetheless, given the crucial roles of Wnt signaling in physiological processes, blocking Wnt signaling can also cause several adverse effects. Recent studies have identified cancer-specific regulators of Wnt signaling, which would overcome the limitation of Wnt signaling target approaches. In this review, we discussed the role of Wnt signaling in liver regeneration, precancerous lesion, and liver cancer. Furthermore, we summarized the basic and clinical approaches of Wnt signaling blockade and proposed the therapeutic prospects of cancer-specific Wnt signaling blockade for liver cancer treatment.
THE IMPACT OF 4 th INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (4IR) ON NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHODS
Authors:   University of West Attica, Misokefalou Dr. Eleni , Papoutsidakis Prof.Michail , Priniotakis Prof.Georgios ,   University of West Attica
Published: July 2022

The 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) is developing, leading the transition to the post-industrial era. Both the industry and the business world as well as the civil society, have already realized that the world as it exists is about to change due to the 4th Industrial Revolution. Many countries and stakeholders, realizing (4IR)’s importance, have already incorporated it into official policies while the companies at the forefront are called upon to integrate a variety of new technologies. Among other technologies, in this context, the evolution of non-destructive testing is of significant importance, having a positive impact not only on productivity but also on numerous technical, managerial, and economical aspects of the final product. The present work attempts to highlight this issue and form the basis for relevant future research.
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN MODAL DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP KEUNTUNGAN PERBANKAN NASIONAL DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)
Authors: Sih Kusumawardhany Susi
Published: July 2022

The capital market is one of the alternative sources of long-term funding for companies. These include companies in the banking sector. The Banking Industry plays an important role in economic development as a Financial Intermediary or intermediary for over-funding parties with parties in need of funds. One element that is very noticed by the bank is the performance of the bank, in other words, the problem of its health level. The level of health of a bank can be assessed in terms of its finances. A bank can be said to be healthy if it can meet the provisions stipulated by the regulations issued by the Central Bank. In conducting this research, the object that the author of the analysis is the banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as many as 10 banks, ten banks registered by the author took 4 state-owned banks yatu Bank Mandiri, Bank BNI 1946, Bank BRI, Bank BTPN while private banks include Bank BCA, Bank CIMB Niaga, Bank OCBC NISP, Bank Maybank, Bank Danamon and Bank Permata where the data used is secondary data for the period 2014-2019 obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange , which relates to this research. Based on calculations and analysis using car, LDR and ROA ratios that have been done by the author, it can be concluded that the banks taken as samples can be said to be healthy banks. Although the ten banks are classified as healthy banks, the banking sector has great potential and opportunities in its role as a source of financing for the community and business sector. Since the number of banks liquidated during the monetary crisis, Bank Indonesia has been more eager to restructure the banking sector, which is expected to create a strong, effective, efficient, and sound banking structure. The health of a bank can be assessed through qualitative approach to management factors and quantitative approach to capital factors, asset quality, management, rentability, and liquidity. This study aims to analyze the influence of capital and liquidity capabilities on profits in the National Banking System. The financial ratio analysis used consists of CAR, which represents capital capability, LDR representing liquidity and ROA representing profit. From the results of the study, CAR and LDR variables simultaneously affect roa variables, this is indicated by the P-value test calculation value of 0.017 is less than 5%, meaning there is a positive and significant influence between the two free variables (CAR and LDR) on bound variables (ROA)
ShapoGraphy: A User-Friendly Web Application for Creating Bespoke and Intuitive Visualisation of Biomedical Data
Authors: Khawatmi Muhammed , Steux Yoann , Zourob Saddam , Sailem Heba Z.
Published: July 2022

Effective visualisation of quantitative microscopy data is crucial for interpreting and discovering new patterns from complex bioimage data. Existing visualisation approaches, such as bar charts, scatter plots and heat maps, do not accommodate the complexity of visual information present in microscopy data. Here we develop ShapoGraphy, a first of its kind method accompanied by an interactive web-based application for creating customisable quantitative pictorial representations to facilitate the understanding and analysis of image datasets (www.shapography.com). ShapoGraphy enables the user to create a structure of interest as a set of shapes. Each shape can encode different variables that are mapped to the shape dimensions, colours, symbols, or outline. We illustrate the utility of ShapoGraphy using various image data, including high dimensional multiplexed data. Our results show that ShapoGraphy allows a better understanding of cellular phenotypes and relationships between variables. In conclusion, ShapoGraphy supports scientific discovery and communication by providing a rich vocabulary to create engaging and intuitive representations of diverse data types.
Advances in Hyaluronic Acid for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yasin Aqeela , Ren Ying , Li Jingan , Sheng Yulong , Cao Chang , Zhang Kun
Published: July 2022

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Because of its strong and diversified functions applied in broad fields, HA has been widely studied and reported previously. The molecular properties of HA and its derivatives, including a wide range of molecular weights but distinct effects on cells, moisture retention and anti-aging, and CD44 targeting, promised its role as a popular participant in tissue engineering, wound healing, cancer treatment, ophthalmology, and cosmetics. In recent years, HA and its derivatives have played an increasingly important role in the aforementioned biomedical fields in the formulation of coatings, nanoparticles, and hydrogels. This article highlights recent efforts in converting HA to smart formulation, such as multifunctional coatings, targeted nanoparticles, or injectable hydrogels, which are used in advanced biomedical application.
Distinct Cell-specific Roles of NOX2 and MyD88 in Epileptogenesis
Authors: Almeida Cayo , Pongilio Renan Paschoalino , Móvio Marília Inês , Higa Guilherme Shigueto Vilar , Resende Rodrigo Ribeiro , Jiang Jianxiong , Kinjo Erika Reime , Kihara Alexandre Hiroaki
Published: July 2022

It is well established that temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often related to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Both processes subserve alterations observed in epileptogenesis and ultimately involve distinct classes of cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and specific neural subtypes. For this reason, molecules associated with oxidative stress response and neuroinflammation have been proposed as potential targets for therapeutic strategies. However, these molecules can participate in distinct intracellular pathways depending on the cell type. To illustrate this, we reviewed the potential role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) in astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in epileptogenesis. Furthermore, we presented approaches to study genes in different cells, employing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) transcriptomic analyses, transgenic technologies and viral serotypes carrying vectors with specific promoters. We discussed the importance of identifying particular roles of molecules depending on the cell type, endowing more effective therapeutic strategies to treat TLE.
Recent Advances in Histidine Kinase-Targeted Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Chen Hongtong , Yu Chengqi , Wu Han , Li Guoqing , Li Congran , Hong Wei , Yang Xinyi , Wang Hao , You Xuefu
Published: July 2022

The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens significantly limited the number of effective antibiotics available clinically, which urgently requires new drug targets to screen, design, and develop novel antibacterial drugs. Two-component system (TCS), which is comprised of a histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR), is a common mechanism whereby bacteria can sense a range of stimuli and make an appropriate adaptive response. HKs as the sensor part of the bacterial TCS can regulate various processes such as growth, vitality, antibiotic resistance, and virulence, and have been considered as a promising target for antibacterial drugs. In the current review, we highlighted the structural basis and functional importance of bacterial TCS especially HKs as a target in the discovery of new antimicrobials, and summarize the latest research progress of small-molecule HK-inhibitors as potential novel antimicrobial drugs reported in the past decade.
Self-Masked Aldehyde Inhibitors of Human Cathepsin L Are Potent Anti-CoV-2 Agents
Authors: Zhu Jiyun , Li Linfeng , Drelich Aleksandra , Chenna Bala C. , Mellott Drake M. , Taylor Zane W. , Tat Vivian , Garcia Christopher Z. , Katzfuss Ardala , Tseng Chien-Te K. , Meek Thomas D.
Published: July 2022

Cysteine proteases comprise an important class of drug targets, especially for infectious diseases such as Chagas disease (cruzain) and COVID-19 (3CL protease, cathepsin L). Peptide aldehydes have proven to be potent inhibitors for all of these proteases. However, the intrinsic, high electrophilicity of the aldehyde group is associated with safety concerns and metabolic instability, limiting the use of aldehyde inhibitors as drugs. We have developed a novel class of compounds, self-masked aldehyde inhibitors (SMAIs) which are based on the dipeptide aldehyde inhibitor (Cbz-Phe-Phe-CHO, 1), for which the P1 Phe group contains a 1′-hydroxy group, effectively, an o-tyrosinyl aldehyde (Cbz-Phe-o-Tyr-CHO, 2; (Li et al. (2021) J. Med. Chem. 64, 11,267–11,287)). Compound 2 and other SMAIs exist in aqueous mixtures as stable δ-lactols, and apparent catalysis by the cysteine protease cruzain, the major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi, results in the opening of the lactol ring to afford the aldehydes which then form reversible thiohemiacetals with the enzyme. These SMAIs are also potent, time-dependent inhibitors of human cathepsin L (Ki = 11–60 nM), an enzyme which shares 36% amino acid identity with cruzain. As inactivators of cathepsin L have recently been shown to be potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in infected mammalian cells (Mellott et al. (2021) ACS Chem. Biol. 16, 642–650), we evaluated SMAIs in VeroE6 and A549/ACE2 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. These SMAIs demonstrated potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with values of EC50 = 2–8 μM. We also synthesized pro-drug forms of the SMAIs in which the hydroxyl groups of the lactols were O-acylated. Such pro-drug SMAIs resulted in significantly enhanced anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (EC50 = 0.3–0.6 μM), demonstrating that the O-acylated-SMAIs afforded a level of stability within infected cells, and are likely converted to SMAIs by the action of cellular esterases. Lastly, we prepared and characterized an SMAI in which the sidechain adjacent to the terminal aldehyde is a 2-pyridonyl-alanine group, a mimic of both phenylalanine and glutamine. This compound (9) inhibited both cathepsin L and 3CL protease at low nanomolar concentrations, and also exerted anti-CoV-2 activity in an infected human cell line.
ADSCs Promote Tenocyte Proliferation by Reducing the Methylation Level of lncRNA Morf4l1 in Tendon Injury
Authors: Zhao Haibo , Chen Wei , Chen Jinli , Qi Chao , Wang Tianrui , Zhang Jing , Qu Di , Yu Tengbo , Zhang Yingze
Published: July 2022

Objective: Tendons are the special connective tissue that connects bones to muscles and governs joint movement in response to loads passed by muscles. The healing of tendon injuries is still a challenge. In recent years, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have been increasingly used for tissue regeneration, but the underlying mechanism of tendon injury still remains unclear.

Methods: High-throughput sequencing was used to identify a novel lncRNA, whose expression was significantly decreased in injured tendon compared with normal tendon. Furthermore, pyrosequencing, nuclear-cytoplasmic separation, FISH assay and qRT-PCR analysis were used to verify the level of lncRNA methylation in the injured tenocytes. lncRNA was confirmed to promote the proliferation of tenocytes by flow cytometry, wound healing assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot, and the target gene of lncRNA was predicted and verified. To confirm that ADSCs could repair injured tendons, ADSCs and injured tenocytes were co-cultured in vitro, and ADSCs were injected into injured tendons in vitro, respectively.

Results: The lncRNA Morf4l1 promoter methylation in injured tendons led to down-regulation of its expression and inhibition of tenocyte proliferation. LncRNA Morf4l1 promoted the expression of TGF-β2 by targeting 3′U of miR-145-5p. After co-cultured ADSCs and injured tenocytes, the expression of lncRNA Morf4l1 was up-regulated, and the proliferation of injured tenocytes in vitro was promoted. The ADSCs were injected into the injured tendon to repair the injured tendon in vivo.

Conclusion: This study confirmed that ADSCs promoted tendon wound healing by reducing the methylation level of lncRNA Morf4l1.
Sandwich-Structured h-BN/PVDF/h-BN Film With High Dielectric Strength and Energy Storage Density
Authors: Meng Guodong , She Junyi , Wang Changling , Wang Wenke , Pan Cheng , Cheng Yonghong
Published: July 2022

Energy storage film is one of the most important energy storage materials, while the performance of commercial energy storage films currently cannot meet the growing industrial requirements. Hence, this work presents a h-BN/PVDF/h-BN sandwich composite structure film prepared by laminating a large area of ultrathin hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the existence of which was confirmed by using an optical microscope and elemental composition analysis based on scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. This film has an ultrahigh dielectric strength of 464.7 kV/mm and a discharged energy density of up to 19.256 J/cm3, which is much larger than the commercial energy storage film biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) (<2.5 J/cm3). Although the thickness of the h-BN film is only 70 nm compared with that of PVDF (about 12 μm), the dielectric strength of the sandwich-structured film presents a great increase. It is because of the excellent insulation performance of the h-BN film that helps to resist the electron injection and migration under high electric field, and then suppress the formation and growth of the breakdown path, leading to an improvement of the charge–discharge efficiency.
Different Swine Production Systems Can Shape Slurry Resistome at Mechanism and Class Levels Based on Swine Manure Evaluation
Authors: Beltrame Lucas Cafferati , Zamparette Caetana Paes , Feltrin Clarissa , da Cunha Caroline Ribeiro , Coltro Elisa Pires , Athayde Gabriel Saldanha da Silva , Filho Vilmar Benetti , Tápparo Deisi Cristina , Monteiro Jamir , Kich Jalusa Deon , Palmeiro Jussara Kasuko , Wagner Glauber , Fongaro Gislaine , Zárate-Bladés Carlos Rodrigo , Sincero Thaís Cristine Marques
Published: July 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to public health. Antimicrobial use in animal husbandry is a major concern since it can favor an increase in antimicrobial resistance among farms. Herein, we aim to better understand and characterize the main resistome profiles in microbial communities found in pig farms. Sampling of swine manure was performed in two different timepoints (October 2019 and January 2020) in each of the 14 different swine farms, located in the mesoregion of Western Santa Catarina state in Brazil, a pole of swine product production of worldwide importance. Samples were divided into three groups: farms with the opened regimen and no usage of antimicrobials (F1; n = 10), farms with the closed regimen and usage of antimicrobials (F2; n = 16), and farms with the closed regimen and no usage of antimicrobials (F3; n = 2). The metagenomic evaluation was performed to obtain and identify genetic elements related to antimicrobial resistance using nanopore sequencing. We used ResistoXplorer software to perform composition, alpha and beta diversity, and clustering analysis. In addition, PCR reactions were performed to confirm the presence or absence of seven different beta-lactamase family genes and five phosphoethanolamine transferase gene variants clinically relevant. Our findings based on the identification of resistance genes at the mechanism level showed a prevalence of alteration of the drug target (72.3%) profile, followed by drug inactivation (17.5%) and drug efflux (10.1%). We identified predominantly aminoglycosides (45.3%), tetracyclines (15.9%), and multiclass (11,2%) resistance genes. PCoA analysis indicates differences between F1 and F2 profiles. F2 samples showed increased diversity when compared to the F1 group. In addition, herein we first report the identification of mcr-4 in a slurry sample (C1F1.1) in Santa Catarina State. In general, our findings reinforce that many factors on the practices of animal husbandry are involved in the resistome profile at the mechanism and class levels. Further studies to better understand microbiome and mobilome aspects of these elements are necessary to elucidate transmission pathways between different bacteria and environments.
Vegetation Formation in Staphylococcus Aureus Endocarditis Inversely Correlates With RNAIII and sarA Expression in Invasive Clonal Complex 5 Isolates
Authors: Kinney Kyle J. , Stach Jessica M. , Kulhankova Katarina , Brown Matthew , Salgado-Pabón Wilmara
Published: July 2022

Infective endocarditis (IE) is one of the most feared and lethal diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Once established, the infection is fast-progressing and tissue destructive. S. aureus of the clonal complex 5 (CC5) commonly cause IE yet are severely understudied. IE results from bacterial colonization and formation of tissue biofilms (known as vegetations) on injured or inflamed cardiac endothelium. S. aureus IE is promoted by adhesins, coagulases, and superantigens, with the exotoxins and exoenzymes likely contributing to tissue destruction and dissemination. Expression of the large repertoire of virulence factors required for IE and sequelae is controlled by complex regulatory networks. We investigated the temporal expression of the global regulators agr (RNAIII), rot, sarS, sarA, sigB, and mgrA in 8 invasive CC5 isolates and established intrinsic expression patterns associated with IE outcomes. We show that vegetation formation, as tested in the rabbit model of IE, inversely correlates with RNAIII and sarA expression during growth in Todd-Hewitt broth (TH). Large vegetations with severe sequelae arise from strains with high-level expression of colonization factors but slower transition towards expression of the exotoxins. Overall, strains proficient in vegetation formation, a hallmark of IE, exhibit lower expression of RNAIII and sarA. Simultaneous high expression of RNAIII, sarA, sigB, and mgrA is the one phenotype assessed in this study that fails to promote IE. Thus, RNAIII and sarA expression that provides for rheostat control of colonization and virulence genes, rather than an on and off switch, promote both vegetation formation and lethal sepsis.
Clustering of Unhealthy Lifestyle and the Risk of Adverse Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lee So-Ryoung , Choi Eue-Keun , Park Sang-Hyeon , Lee Seung-Woo , Han Kyung-Do , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: July 2022

Background

Little is known regarding the risk of clinical outcomes depending on the clustering of lifestyle behaviors after atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis. This study evaluated the association between a cluster of healthy lifestyle behaviors and the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with AF.

Methods

Using the Korean National Insurance Service database, patients who were newly diagnosed with AF between 2009 and 2016 were included. A healthy lifestyle behavior score (HLS) was calculated by assigning 1 point each for non-current smoking, for non-drinking, and for performing regular exercise from the self-reported questionnaire in health examinations. The primary outcome was defined as major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), including ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for heart failure.

Results

A total of 208,662 patients were included; 7.1% in HLS 0, 22.7% in HLS 1, 58.6% in HLS 2, and 11.6% in HLS 3 groups. Patients with HLS 1, 2, and 3 were associated with a lower risk of MACE than those with HLS 0 (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.788 [0.762–0.855], 0.654 [0.604–0.708], and 0.579 [0.527–0.636], respectively). After propensity score weighting, consistent results were observed. The risk reduction of healthy lifestyle combinations was consistently observed in various subgroups, regardless of the CHA2DS2-VASc score and oral anticoagulant use.

Conclusion

Increased number of healthy lifestyle behaviors was significantly associated with lower MACE risk in patients with new-onset AF. These findings support the promotion of a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of adverse events in patients with AF.
Visualization and Analysis of Multidimensional Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Axel Leon , Phan Timothy S. , Metaxas Dimitris N.
Published: July 2022

Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging are enabling the efficient creation of high-dimensional, multiparametric images, containing a wealth of potential information about the structure and function of many organs, including the cardiovascular system. However, the sizes of these rich data sets are so large that they are outstripping our ability to adequately visualize and analyze them, thus limiting their clinical impact. While there are some intrinsic limitations of human perception and of conventional display devices which hamper our ability to effectively use these data, newer computational methods for handling the data may aid our ability to extract and visualize the salient components of these high-dimensional data sets.