bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extra-Articular Distal Humerus Plate 3D Model Creation by Using the Method of Anatomical Features
Authors: Vitković Nikola , Stojković Jelena R. , Korunović Nikola , Teuţan Emil , Pleşa Alin , Ianoşi-Andreeva-Dimitrova Alexandru , Górski Filip , Păcurar Răzvan
Published: August 2023

Proper fixation techniques are crucial in orthopedic surgery for the treatment of various medical conditions. Fractures of the distal humerus can occur due to either high-energy trauma with skin rupture or low-energy trauma in osteoporotic bone. The recommended surgical approach for treating these extra-articular distal humerus fractures involves performing an open reduction and internal fixation procedure using plate implants. This surgical intervention plays a crucial role in enhancing patient recovery and minimizing soft tissue complications. Dynamic Compression Plates (DCPs) and Locking Compression Plates (LCPs) are commonly used for bone fixation, with LCP extra-articular distal humerus plates being the preferred choice for extra-articular fractures. These fixation systems have anatomically shaped designs that provide angular stability to the bone. However, depending on the shape and position of the bone fracture, additional plate bending may be required during surgery. This can pose challenges such as increased surgery time and the risk of incorrect plate shaping. To enhance the accuracy of plate placement, the study introduces the Method of Anatomical Features (MAF) in conjunction with the Characteristic Product Features methodology (CPF). The utilization of the MAF enables the development of a parametric model for the contact surface between the plate and the humerus. This model is created using specialized Referential Geometrical Entities (RGEs), Constitutive Geometrical Entities (CGEs), and Regions of Interest (ROI) that are specific to the human humerus bone. By utilizing this anatomically tailored contact surface model, the standard plate model can be customized (bent) to precisely conform to the distinct shape of the patient’s humerus bone during the pre-operative planning phase. Alternatively, the newly designed model can be fabricated using a specific manufacturing technology. This approach aims to improve geometrical accuracy of plate fixation, thus optimizing surgical outcomes and patient recovery.
Variable Reactance Criteria to Mitigate Voltage Deviations in Power Transformers in Light- and Over-Load Conditions
Authors: Haro-Larrode Marta
Published: August 2023

In this paper, variable reactance (VR) criteria are proposed to mitigate voltage deviations in power transformers under light-load inductive and capacitive conditions, as well as for over-load conditions. Under capacitive load conditions, power transformers are affected by the Ferranti effect as much as AC lines are and can suffer damage if a large over-voltage is present at the secondary winding. A classical solution for this is the installation of expensive and bulky inductive reactors at different locations of the AC lines to absorb the reactive power. Instead, this paper addresses VR techniques focused on power transformer reactance modification to compensate for the over-voltage. With these techniques, the Ferranti effect on power lines can also be reduced. Another benefit is the cancellation of over-voltages whose cause is different from the Ferranti effect, namely under inductive load conditions. In addition, they can also enhance the parallel operation of power transformers by allowing more flexibility for overload sharing among transformers. The VR techniques are derived from the Kapp phasor-diagram theory and have been validated experimentally at a small scale in the laboratory. When implemented in a big network, they can also improve the load-flow voltage and AC line-loading profiles and even increase the power factor of certain generators.
Capsule Network with Its Limitation, Modification, and Applications—A Survey
Authors: Haq Mahmood Ul , Sethi Muhammad Athar Javed , Rehman Atiq Ur
Published: August 2023

Numerous advancements in various fields, including pattern recognition and image classification, have been made thanks to modern computer vision and machine learning methods. The capsule network is one of the advanced machine learning algorithms that encodes features based on their hierarchical relationships. Basically, a capsule network is a type of neural network that performs inverse graphics to represent the object in different parts and view the existing relationship between these parts, unlike CNNs, which lose most of the evidence related to spatial location and requires lots of training data. So, we present a comparative review of various capsule network architectures used in various applications. The paper’s main contribution is that it summarizes and explains the significant current published capsule network architectures with their advantages, limitations, modifications, and applications.
Deterministic Bi-Criteria Model for Solving Stochastic Mixed Vector Variational Inequality Problems
Authors: Luo Meiju , Du Menghan , Zhang Yue
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we consider stochastic mixed vector variational inequality problems. Firstly, we present an equivalent form for the stochastic mixed vector variational inequality problems. Secondly, we present a deterministic bi-criteria model for giving the reasonable resolution of the stochastic mixed vector variational inequality problems and further propose the approximation problem for solving the given deterministic model by employing the smoothing technique and the sample average approximation method. Thirdly, we obtain the convergence analysis for the proposed approximation problem while the sample space is compact. Finally, we propose a compact approximation method when the sample space is not a compact set and provide the corresponding convergence results.
On Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-Type Inequalities for η-Convex Functions via Quantum Calculus
Authors: Arunrat Nuttapong , Nonlaopon Kamsing , Budak Hüseyin
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we use qa- and qb-integrals to establish some quantum Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequalities for η-convex functions. By taking q→1, our results reduce to classical results on Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequalities for η-convex functions. Moreover, we give some examples for quantum Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequalities for η-convex functions. Some results presented here for η-convex functions provide extensions of others given in earlier works for convex and η-convex functions.
Invariant Finitely Additive Measures for General Markov Chains and the Doeblin Condition
Authors: Zhdanok Alexander
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we consider general Markov chains with discrete time in an arbitrary measurable (phase) space. Markov chains are given by a classical transition function that generates a pair of conjugate linear Markov operators in a Banach space of measurable bounded functions and in a Banach space of bounded finitely additive measures. We study sequences of Cesaro means of powers of Markov operators on the set of finitely additive probability measures. It is proved that the set of all limit measures (points) of such sequences in the weak topology generated by the preconjugate space is non-empty, weakly compact, and all of them are invariant for this operator. We also show that the well-known Doeblin condition (D) for the ergodicity of a Markov chain is equivalent to condition (∗): all invariant finitely additive measures of the Markov chain are countably additive, i.e., there are no invariant purely finitely additive measures. We give all the proofs for the most general case.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Model for Assessing Rupture Risk in Cerebral Arteries with Varying Aneurysm Sizes
Authors: Singla Rohan , Gupta Shubham , Chanda Arnab
Published: August 2023

A cerebral aneurysm is a medical condition where a cerebral artery can burst under adverse pressure conditions. A 20% mortality rate and additional 30 to 40% morbidity rate have been reported for patients suffering from the rupture of aneurysms. In addition to wall shear stress, input jets, induced pressure, and complicated and unstable flow patterns are other important parameters associated with a clinical history of aneurysm ruptures. In this study, the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was modeled using image segmentation and then rebuilt with aneurysms at locations vulnerable to aneurysm growth. To simulate various aneurysm growth stages, five aneurysm sizes and two wall thicknesses were taken into consideration. In order to simulate realistic pressure loading conditions for the anterior cerebral arteries, inlet velocity and outlet pressure were used. The pressure, wall shear stress, and flow velocity distributions were then evaluated in order to predict the risk of rupture. A low-wall shear stress-based rupture scenario was created using a smaller aneurysm and thinner walls, which enhanced pressure, shear stress, and flow velocity. Additionally, aneurysms with a 4 mm diameter and a thin wall had increased rupture risks, particularly at specific boundary conditions. It is believed that the findings of this study will help physicians predict rupture risk according to aneurysm diameters and make early treatment decisions.
Surf Redfish-Based ZnO-NPs and Their Biological Activity with Reference to Their Non-Target Toxicity
Authors: Hasaballah Ahmed I. , El-Naggar Hussein A. , Abd-El Rahman Ibrahim E. , Al-Otibi Fatimah , Alahmadi Reham M. , Abdelzaher Othman F. , Kalaba Mohamed H. , Amin Basma H. , Mabrouk Mohamed M. , Gewida Ahmed G. A. , Abd El-Kader Marwa F. , Elbahnasawy Mostafa A.
Published: August 2023

The marine environment is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, the sea cucumber was isolated from the Red Sea at the Al-Ain Al-Sokhna coast and it was identified as surf redfish (Actinopyga mauritiana). The aqueous extract of the surf redfish was utilized as an ecofriendly, novel and sustainable approach to fabricate zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs were physico-chemically characterized and evaluated for their possible antibacterial and insecticidal activities. Additionally, their safety in the non-target organism model (Nile tilapia fish) was also investigated. ZnO-NPs were spherical with an average size of 24.69 ± 11.61 nm and had a peak at 350 nm as shown by TEM and UV-Vis, respectively. XRD analysis indicated a crystalline phase of ZnO-NPs with an average size of 21.7 nm. The FTIR pattern showed biological residues from the surf redfish extract, highlighting their potential role in the biosynthesis process. DLS indicated a negative zeta potential (−19.2 mV) of the ZnO-NPs which is a good preliminary indicator for their stability. ZnO-NPs showed larvicidal activity against mosquito Culex pipiens (LC50 = 15.412 ppm and LC90 = 52.745 ppm) and a potent adulticidal effect to the housefly Musca domestica (LD50 = 21.132 ppm and LD90 = 84.930 ppm). Tested concentrations of ZnO-NPs showed strong activity against the 3rd larval instar. Topical assays revealed dose-dependent adulticidal activity against M. domestica after 24 h of treatment with ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs presented a wide antibacterial activity against two fish-pathogen bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila. Histopathological and hematological investigations of the non-target organism, Nile tilapia fish exposed to 75–600 ppm ZnO-NPs provide dose-dependent impacts. Overall, data highlighted the potential applications of surf redfish-mediated ZnO-NPs as an effective and safe way to control mosquitoes, houseflies and fish pathogenic bacteria.
Recent Advances in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery
Authors: Wroclawski Catherine , Mediratta Jai Kumar , Fillmore W. Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect a high percentage of children and adults worldwide. Surgery may be indicated in severe or recalcitrant cases. Several recent advancements in TMD and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery have elevated understanding and the ability to treat affected patients. We discuss recent advances in TMD epidemiology, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) of the TMJ, and surgical techniques and technologies. Technical advancements have been identified in TMJ arthroscopy, the treatment of TMJ subluxation and dislocation, and extended prosthetic total TMJ reconstruction (eTMJR). Overall, this review provides valuable insights into significant recent advancements in TMJ disorders and their surgical management.
Effectiveness of Two Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Protocols in Women with Provoked Vestibulodynia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Murina Filippo , Recalcati Dario , Di Francesco Stefania , Cetin Irene
Published: August 2023

Background: Vestibulodynia (VBD) is the most common form of vulvodynia. Because VBD is a pain disorder, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can be used as treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two-parameter combinations (frequency and pulse duration) of TENS in reducing pain intensity and dyspareunia in VBD. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted to study the effect of two different electrical stimulation treatment regimens on women with VBD receiving domiciliary TENS. Outcomes were the mean change from baseline at 60 and 120 days of burning/pain and dyspareunia (VAS), Vulvar Pain Functional Questionnaire (V-Q), Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) and vaginal electromyography measurements. Results: A total of 78 subjects, 39 in each group, completed the trial. Patients in Groups 1 and 2 received a mean of 46.9 and 48.4 TENS sessions. By day 120, there was a 38.2% reduction in the burning/pain and a 52.1% reduction in the dyspareunia VAS scores in Group 1, as compared to 21.3% (p = 0.003) and 23.1% in Group 2 (p = 0.01), respectively. FSFI, V-Q, and muscle-strength measures also improved but were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our findings showed the potential of TENS in the treatment of VBD.
Internal Elastic Strains of AZ31B Plate during Unloading at Twinning-Active Region
Authors: He Qichang , Zhou Xiangyu , Zhang Xiaodan , Liu Chuhao , Wang Huamiao
Published: August 2023

Magnesium alloys, being the lightest structural metals, have garnered significant attention in various fields. The characterization of inelastic behavior has been extensively investigated by researchers due to its impact on structural component performance. However, the occurrence of twinning in the absence of any applied driving force during unloading has lacked reasonable explanations. Moreover, the influence of deformation mechanisms other than twinning on inelastic behavior remains unclear. In this study, uniaxial tension and compression tests were conducted on hot-rolled magnesium alloy plates, and neutron diffraction experiments were employed to characterize the evolution of macroscopic mechanical response and microscopic mechanisms. Additionally, a twinning and detwinning (TDT) model based on the elastic visco-plastic self-consistent (EVPSC) model has been proposed, incorporating back stress to describe the deformation behavior during stress relaxation. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the inelastic behavior of magnesium alloys from multiple perspectives and captures the influence of microscale mechanisms. A thorough understanding of the inelastic behavior of magnesium alloys and a reasonable explanation for the occurrence of twinning under zero-stress conditions offer valuable insights for the precise design of magnesium alloy structures.
A State-of-the-Art Review on CMOS Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communication Systems
Authors: Hamid Sofiyah Sal , Mariappan Selvakumar , Rajendran Jagadheswaran , Rawat Arvind Singh , Rhaffor Nuha A. , Kumar Narendra , Nathan Arokia , Yarman Binboga S.
Published: August 2023

Wireless communication systems have undergone significant development in recent years, particularly with the transition from fourth generation (4G) to fifth generation (5G). As the number of wireless devices and mobile data usage increase, there is a growing need for enhancements and upgrades to the current wireless communication systems. CMOS transceivers are increasingly being explored to meet the requirements of the latest wireless communication protocols and applications while achieving the goal of system-on-chip (SoC). The radio frequency power amplifier (RFPA) in a CMOS transmitter plays a crucial role in amplifying RF signals and transmitting them from the antenna. This state-of-the-art review paper presents a concise discussion of the performance metrics that are important for designing a CMOS PA, followed by an overview of the trending research on CMOS PA techniques that focuses on efficiency, linearity, and bandwidth enhancement.
An Adaptive Infrared Small-Target-Detection Fusion Algorithm Based on Multiscale Local Gradient Contrast for Remote Sensing
Authors: Chen Juan , Qiu Lin , Zhu Zhencai , Sun Ning , Huang Hao , Ip Wai-Hung , Yung Kai-Leung
Published: August 2023

Space vehicles such as missiles and aircraft have relatively long tracking distances. Infrared (IR) detectors are used for small target detection. The target presents point target characteristics, which lack contour, shape, and texture information. The high-brightness cloud edge and high noise have an impact on the detection of small targets because of the complex background of the sky and ground environment. Traditional template-based filtering and local contrast-based methods do not distinguish between different complex background environments, and their strategy is to unify small-target template detection or to use absolute contrast differences; so, it is easy to have a high false alarm rate. It is necessary to study the detection and tracking methods in complex backgrounds and low signal-to-clutter ratios (SCRs). We use the complexity difference as a prior condition for detection in the background of thick clouds and ground highlight buildings. Then, we use the spatial domain filtering and improved local contrast joint algorithm to obtain a significant area. We also provide a new definition of gradient uniformity through the improvement of the local gradient method, which could further enhance the target contrast. It is important to distinguish between small targets, highlighted background edges, and noise. Furthermore, the method can be used for parallel computing. Compared with the traditional space filtering algorithm or local contrast algorithm, the flexible fusion strategy can achieve the rapid detection of small targets with a higher signal-to-clutter ratio gain (SCRG) and background suppression factor (BSF).
Comparative Longitudinal Serological Study of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Profiles in People with COVID-19
Authors: Barrios Marilou H. , Nicholson Suellen , Bull Rowena A. , Martinello Marianne , Rawlinson William , Mina Michael , Post Jeffrey J. , Hudson Bernard , Gilroy Nicole , Lloyd Andrew R. , Konecny Pamela , Mordant Francesca , Catton Mike , Subbarao Kanta , Caly Leon , Druce Julian , Netter Hans J.
Published: August 2023

Serological diagnostic assays are essential tools for determining an individual’s protection against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, tracking the spread of the virus in the community, and evaluating population immunity. To assess the diversity and quality of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, we have compared the antibody profiles of people with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 using a dot blot assay. The test targeted the four major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely the nucleocapsid (N), spike (S) protein domains S1 and S2, and receptor-binding domain (RBD). Serum samples were collected from 63 participants at various time points for up to 300 days after disease onset. The dot blot assay revealed patient-specific differences in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody profiles. Out of the 63 participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and clinical COVID-19, 35/63 participants exhibited diverse and robust responses against the tested antigens, while 14/63 participants displayed either limited responses to a subset of antigens or no detectable antibody response to any of the antigens. Anti-N-specific antibody levels decreased within 300 days after disease onset, whereas anti-S-specific antibodies persisted. The dynamics of the antibody response did not change during the test period, indicating stable antibody profiles. Among the participants, 28/63 patients with restricted anti-S antibody profiles or undetectable anti-S antibody levels in the dot blot assay also exhibited weak neutralization activity, as measured by a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and a microneutralization test. These results indicate that in some cases, natural infections do not lead to the production of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, the study revealed significant serological variability among patients, regardless of the severity of their COVID-19 illness. These differences need to be carefully considered when evaluating the protective antibody status of individuals who have experienced primary SARS-CoV-2 infections.
The Use of Particulate Systems for Tuberculosis Prophylaxis and Treatment: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Barrera-Rosales Alejandra , Rodríguez-Sanoja Romina , Hernández-Pando Rogelio , Moreno-Mendieta Silvia
Published: August 2023

The use of particles to develop vaccines and treatments for a wide variety of diseases has increased, and their success has been demonstrated in preclinical investigations. Accurately targeting cells and minimizing doses and adverse side effects, while inducing an adequate biological response, are important advantages that particulate systems offer. The most used particulate systems are liposomes and their derivatives, immunostimulatory complexes, virus-like particles, and organic or inorganic nano- and microparticles. Most of these systems have been proven using therapeutic or prophylactic approaches to control tuberculosis, one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. This article reviews the progress and current state of the use of particles for the administration of TB vaccines and treatments in vitro and in vivo, with a special emphasis on polymeric particles. In addition, we discuss the challenges and benefits of using these particulate systems to provide researchers with an overview of the most promising strategies in current preclinical trials, offering a perspective on their progress to clinical trials.
Risk Factors for Bacteremia and Its Clinical Impact on Complicated Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Madrazo Manuel , López-Cruz Ian , Piles Laura , Artero Silvia , Alberola Juan , Aguilera Juan Alberto , Eiros José María , Artero Arturo
Published: August 2023

Bacteremia has been associated with severity in some infections; however, its impact on the prognosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is still disputed. Our goal is to determine the risk factors for bacteremia and its clinical impact on hospitalized patients with complicated community-acquired urinary tract infections. We conducted a prospective observational study of patients admitted to the hospital with complicated community-acquired UTIs. Clinical variables and outcomes of patients with and without bacteremia were compared, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for bacteremia and mortality. Of 279 patients with complicated community-acquired UTIs, 37.6% had positive blood cultures. Risk factors for bacteremia by multivariate analysis were temperature ≥ 38 °C (p = 0.006, OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.7)) and procalcitonin ≥ 0.5 ng/mL (p = 0.005, OR 8.5 (95% CI 2.2–39.4)). In-hospital and 30-day mortality were 9% and 13.6%, respectively. Quick SOFA (p = 0.030, OR 5.4 (95% CI 1.2–24.9)) and Barthel Index <40% (p = 0.020, OR 4.8 (95% CI 1.3–18.2)) were associated with 30-day mortality by multivariate analysis. However, bacteremia was not associated with 30-day mortality (p = 0.154, OR 2.7 (95% CI 0.7–10.3)). Our study found that febrile community-acquired UTIs and elevated procalcitonin were risk factors for bacteremia. The outcomes in patients with bacteremia were slightly worse, but without significant differences in mortality.
A Sustainable Approach for the Valorization of Underutilized Date Fruits
Authors: Hamdi Amel , Viera-Alcaide Isabel , Costa Susana , Lino-Neto Teresa , Guillén-Bejarano Rafael , Rodríguez-Arcos Rocío , Jiménez-Araujo Ana
Published: August 2023

Secondary varieties of date fruits are often discarded because they do not have commercial value. However, their phytochemicals are very similar to those of the primary ones and therefore, they can be valorized as a source of compounds of interest, mainly phenols and dietary fiber. Their chemical composition changes with ripening, so their characterization throughout this process is of great significance. Date fruit samples were harvested at Khalal, Rutab, and Tamer stages, and a mixture of fruits from ornamental date trees was also analyzed. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were studied for their phenolic composition. In aqueous extracts, phenols decreased with ripening, while in the ethanolic ones having higher phenolic content. Chelidonic acid, a γ-pyrone, was the major compound found in all extracts, but in the ethanolic ones, flavonoids were also present in similar amounts. After purification by adsorption chromatography, all extracts were assayed for their antimicrobial activity. Those from the Tamer stage showed the highest activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. The fibrous residues after aqueous and ethanolic extractions were also characterized. Their chemical composition suggested that they can be considered as a good source of prebiotic arabinoxylans and antioxidant fiber, whose antiradical activity correlated with their phenolic content. Date fruits from secondary varieties are promising as a worthwhile starting point for obtaining new value-added products.
Mesosphaerum suaveolens Essential Oil Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Regulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Mohanta Omprakash , Ray Asit , Jena Sudipta , Sahoo Ambika , Panda Soumya Swarup , Das Prabhat Kumar , Nayak Sanghamitra , Panda Pratap Chandra
Published: August 2023

Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze (Syn. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.) is a wild essential-oil-bearing plant having multiple uses in traditional medicine, perfumery, food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. The present paper is the first report on the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of the leaf essential oil of M. suaveolens (MSLEO) and unravels its molecular mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil (EO) isolated from the leaves by hydro-distillation led to the identification of 48 constituents, accounting for 90.55% of the total oil, and β-caryophyllene (16.17%), phyllocladene (11.85%), abietatriene (11.46%), and spathulenol (7.89%) were found to be the major components. MSLEO treatment had no effect on the viability of RAW 264.7 cells up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and the EO was responsible for a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, a decrease in intracellular ROS production, and the restoration of oxidative damage by elevating the levels of endogenous antioxidative enzymes like CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that MSLEO reduced the mRNA expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 as compared to the LPS-induced group. In addition, a confocal microscopy analysis showed that MSLEO inhibited the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus. The results of this experiment demonstrate that MSLEO possesses significant anti-inflammatory potential by preventing the activation of NF-κB, which, in turn, inhibits the downstream expression of other inflammatory mediators associated with the activation of the NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, the leaf essential oil of M. suaveolens may prove to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation, and targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway may be considered as an attractive approach for anti-inflammatory therapies.
Phosphodiesterase 5 and Arginase Inhibitory Activities of the Extracts from Some Members of Nelumbonaceae and Nymphaeaceae Families
Authors: Panklai Teerapap , Suphrom Nungruthai , Temkitthawon Prapapan , Totoson Perle , Chootip Krongkarn , Yang Xiao-Liang , Ge Hui-Ming , Yao Zhu-Jun , Chaichamnong Nattiya , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Girard Corine
Published: August 2023

The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the effect of extracts from some plants in the families Nelumbonaceae and Nymphaeaceae on phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and arginase, which have been used in erectile dysfunction treatment, and (2) to isolate and identify the compounds responsible for such activities. The characterization and quantitative analysis of flavonoid constituents in the active extracts were performed by HPLC. Thirty-seven ethanolic extracts from different parts of plants in the genus Nymphaea and Victoria of Nymphaeaceae and genus Nelumbo of Nelumbonaceae were screened for PDE5 and arginase inhibitory activities. The ethanolic extracts of the receptacles and pollens of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., petals of Nymphaea cyanea Roxb. ex G.Don, Nymphaea stellata Willd., and Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) Sowerby and the petals and receptacles of Nymphaea pubescens Willd. showed IC50 values on PDE5 of less than 25 μg/mL while none of the extracts showed effects on arginase. The most active extract, N. pubescens petal extract, was fractionated to isolate and identify the PDE5 inhibitors. The results showed that six flavonoid constituents including quercetin 3’-O-β-xylopyranoside (1), quercetin 3-methyl ether 3’-O-β-xylopyranoside (2), quercetin (3), 3-O-methylquercetin (4), kaempferol (5) and 3-O-methylkaempferol (6) inhibited PDE5 with IC50 values at the micromolar level.
Enhancing Object Detection for VIPs Using YOLOv4_Resnet101 and Text-to-Speech Conversion Model
Authors: Alahmadi Tahani Jaser , Rahman Atta Ur , Alkahtani Hend Khalid , Kholidy Hisham
Published: August 2023

Vision impairment affects an individual’s quality of life, posing challenges for visually impaired people (VIPs) in various aspects such as object recognition and daily tasks. Previous research has focused on developing visual navigation systems to assist VIPs, but there is a need for further improvements in accuracy, speed, and inclusion of a wider range of object categories that may obstruct VIPs’ daily lives. This study presents a modified version of YOLOv4_Resnet101 as backbone networks trained on multiple object classes to assist VIPs in navigating their surroundings. In comparison to the Darknet, with a backbone utilized in YOLOv4, the ResNet-101 backbone in YOLOv4_Resnet101 offers a deeper and more powerful feature extraction network. The ResNet-101’s greater capacity enables better representation of complex visual patterns, which increases the accuracy of object detection. The proposed model is validated using the Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MS COCO) dataset. Image pre-processing techniques are employed to enhance the training process, and manual annotation ensures accurate labeling of all images. The module incorporates text-to-speech conversion, providing VIPs with auditory information to assist in obstacle recognition. The model achieves an accuracy of 96.34% on the test images obtained from the dataset after 4000 iterations of training, with a loss error rate of 0.073%.
Biomolecular Adsorprion at ZnS Nanomaterials: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Adsorption Preferences, Effects of the Surface Curvature and Coating
Authors: Rahmani Roja , Lyubartsev Alexander P.
Published: August 2023

The understanding of interactions between nanomaterials and biological molecules is of primary importance for biomedical applications of nanomaterials, as well as for the evaluation of their possible toxic effects. Here, we carried out extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the adsorption properties of about 30 small molecules representing biomolecular fragments at ZnS surfaces in aqueous media. We computed adsorption free energies and potentials of mean force of amino acid side chain analogs, lipids, and sugar fragments to ZnS (110) crystal surface and to a spherical ZnS nanoparticle. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) coating on the adsorption preferences of biomolecules to ZnS. We found that only a few anionic molecules: aspartic and glutamic acids side chains, as well as the anionic form of cysteine show significant binding to pristine ZnS surface, while other molecules show weak or no binding. Spherical ZnS nanoparticles show stronger binding of these molecules due to binding at the edges between different surface facets. Coating of ZnS by PMMA changes binding preferences drastically: the molecules that adsorb to a pristine ZnS surface do not adsorb on PMMA-coated surfaces, while some others, particularly hydrophobic or aromatic amino-acids, show high binding affinity due to binding to the coating. We investigate further the hydration properties of the ZnS surface and relate them to the binding preferences of biomolecules.
An Examination of the Associations between Nutritional Composition, Social Jet Lag and Temporal Sleep Variability in Young Adults
Authors: Hepsomali Piril , Zandstra Elizabeth , Wanders Anne , O’Neill Barry , Alfonso-Miller Pamela , Ellis Jason
Published: August 2023

While dietary intake has previously been related to various indices of poor sleep (e.g., short sleep duration, poor sleep quality), to date, few studies have examined chrononutrition from the perspectives of the relationship between dietary intake and social jet lag and temporal sleep variability. Moreover, recently it has been suggested that previous methods of measuring social jet lag have the potential to lead to large overestimations. Together, this precludes a clear understanding of the role of nutritional composition in the pathophysiology of poor sleep, via social jet lag and temporal sleep variability, or vice versa. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationships between nutrient intake and social jet lag (using a revised index, taking account of intention to sleep and sleep onset and offset difficulties), and temporal sleep variability. Using a cross-sectional survey, 657 healthy participants (mean age 26.7 ± 6.1 years), without sleep disorders, were recruited via an online platform and completed measures of weekly dietary intake, social jet lag, temporal sleep variability, stress/sleep reactivity and mood. Results showed limited associations between nutritional composition and social jet lag. However, levels of temporal sleep variability were predicted by consumption of polyunsaturated fats, sodium, chloride and total energy intake. The results suggest further examinations of specific nutrients are warranted in a first step to tailoring interventions to manage diet and temporal variabilities in sleep patterns.
Correlates of Iron, Cobalamin, Folate, and Vitamin A Status among Stunted Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Uganda
Authors: Mutumba Rolland , Pesu Hannah , Mbabazi Joseph , Greibe Eva , Olsen Mette F. , Briend André , Mølgaard Christian , Ritz Christian , Nabukeera-Barungi Nicolette , Mupere Ezekiel , Filteau Suzanne , Friis Henrik , Grenov Benedikte
Published: August 2023

Micronutrient deficiencies and stunting are prevalent. We assessed correlates of iron, cobalamin, folate, and vitamin A biomarkers in a cross-sectional study of stunted children aged 12–59 months in eastern Uganda. The biomarkers measured were serum ferritin (S-FE), soluble transferrin receptor (S-TfR), retinol binding protein (S-RBP), plasma cobalamin (P-Cob), methylmalonic acid (P-MMA), and folate (P-Fol). Using linear regression, we assessed socio-demography, stunting severity, malaria rapid test, and inflammation as correlates of micronutrient biomarkers. Of the 750 children, the mean (SD) age was 32.0 (11.7) months, and 45% were girls. Iron stores were depleted (inflammation-corrected S-FE < 12 µg/L) in 43%, and 62% had tissue iron deficiency (S-TfR > 8.3 mg/L). P-Cob was low (<148 pmol/L) and marginal (148–221 pmol/L) in 3% and 20%, and 16% had high P-MMA (>0.75 µmol/L). Inflammation-corrected S-RBP was low (<0.7 µmol/L) in 21% and P-Fol (<14 nmol/L) in 1%. Age 24–59 months was associated with higher S-FE and P-Fol and lower S-TfR. Breastfeeding beyond infancy was associated with lower iron status and cobalamin status, and malaria was associated with lower cobalamin status and tissue iron deficiency (higher S-TfR) despite iron sequestration in stores (higher S-FE). In conclusion, stunted children have iron, cobalamin, and vitamin A deficiencies. Interventions addressing stunting should target co-existing micronutrient deficiencies.
Therapeutic Potential of Engineered Virus-like Particles of Parvovirus B19
Authors: Sánchez-Moguel Ignacio , Montiel Carmina , Bustos-Jaimes Ismael
Published: August 2023

Virus-like particles (VLPs) comprise one or many structural components of virions, except their genetic material. Thus, VLPs keep their structural properties of cellular recognition while being non-infectious. VLPs of Parvovirus B19 (B19V) can be produced by the heterologous expression of their structural proteins VP1 and VP2 in bacteria. These proteins are purified under denaturing conditions, refolded, and assembled into VLPs. Moreover, chimeric forms of VP2 have been constructed to harbor peptides or functional proteins on the surface of the particles without dropping their competence to form VLPs, serving as presenting nanoparticles. The in-vitro assembly approach offers exciting possibilities for the composition of VLPs, as more than one chimeric form of VP2 can be included in the assembly stage, producing multifunctional VLPs. Here, the heterologous expression and in-vitro assembly of B19V structural proteins and their chimeras are reviewed. Considerations for the engineering of the structural proteins of B19V are also discussed. Finally, the construction of multifunctional VLPs and their future potential as innovative medical tools are examined.
Factors Associated with Carriage of Enteropathogenic and Non-Enteropathogenic Viruses: A Reanalysis of Matched Case-Control Data from the AFRIBIOTA Site in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Razanajatovo Iony Manitra , Andrianomiadana Lova , Habib Azimdine , Randrianarisoa Mirella Malala , Razafimanjato Helisoa , Rakotondrainipiana Maheninasy , Andriantsalama Prisca , Randriamparany Ravaka , Andriamandimby Soa Fy , Vonaesch Pascale , Sansonetti Philippe Jean , Lacoste Vincent , Randremanana Rindra Vatosoa , Collard Jean-Marc , Heraud Jean-Michel ,   on behalf of the Afribiota Investigators
Published: August 2023

Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) is an associate driver of stunting in poor settings, and intestinal infections indirectly contribute to the pathophysiology underlying EED. Our work aimed at assessing whether enteric viral carriage is determinant to stunting. A total of 464 healthy and asymptomatic children, aged 2 to 5 years, were recruited, and classified as non-stunted, moderately stunted, or severely stunted. Among the recruited children, 329 stool samples were obtained and screened for enteric and non-enteric viruses by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We statistically tested for the associations between enteric viral and potential risk factors. Approximately 51.7% of the stool samples were positive for at least one virus and 40.7% were positive for non-enteric adenoviruses. No statistical difference was observed between virus prevalence and the growth status of the children. We did not find any statistically significant association between viral infection and most of the socio-demographic risk factors studied, except for having an inadequate food quality score or an over-nourished mother. In addition, being positive for Ascaris lumbricoides was identified as a protective factor against viral infection. In conclusion, we did not find evidence of a direct link between stunting and enteropathogenic viral carriage in our population.
Myc beyond Cancer: Regulation of Mammalian Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Illi Barbara , Nasi Sergio
Published: August 2023

Myc is one of the most well-known oncogenes driving tumorigenesis in a wide variety of tissues. From the brain to blood, its deregulation derails physiological pathways that grant the correct functioning of the cell. Its action is carried out at the gene expression level, where Myc governs basically every aspect of transcription. Indeed, in addition to its role as a canonical, chromatin-bound transcription factor, Myc rules RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcriptional pause–release, elongation and termination and mRNA capping. For this reason, it is evident that minimal perturbations of Myc function mirror malignant cell behavior and, consistently, a large body of literature mainly focuses on Myc malfunctioning. In healthy cells, Myc controls molecular mechanisms involved in pivotal functions, such as cell cycle (and proliferation thereof), apoptosis, metabolism and cell size, angiogenesis, differentiation and stem cell self-renewal. In this latter regard, Myc has been found to also regulate tissue regeneration, a hot topic in the research fields of aging and regenerative medicine. Indeed, Myc appears to have a role in wound healing, in peripheral nerves and in liver, pancreas and even heart recovery. Herein, we discuss the state of the art of Myc’s role in tissue regeneration, giving an overview of its potent action beyond cancer.
New Scaffolds of Proteasome Inhibitors: Boosting Anticancer Potential by Exploiting the Synergy of In Silico and In Vitro Methodologies
Authors: Guedes Romina A. , Grilo Jorge H. , Carvalho Andreia N. , Fernandes Pedro M. P. , Ressurreição Ana S. , Brito Vanessa , Santos Adriana O. , Silvestre Samuel , Gallerani Eleonora , Gama Maria João , Gavioli Riccardo , Salvador Jorge A. R. , Guedes Rita C.
Published: August 2023

Cancer is a complex multifactorial disease whose pathophysiology involves multiple metabolic pathways, including the ubiquitin–proteasome system, for which several proteasome inhibitors have already been approved for clinical use. However, the resistance to existing therapies and the occurrence of severe adverse effects is still a concern. The purpose of this study was the discovery of novel scaffolds of proteasome inhibitors with anticancer activity, aiming to overcome the limitations of the existing proteasome inhibitors. Thus, a structure-based virtual screening protocol was developed using the structure of the human 20S proteasome, and 246 compounds from virtual databases were selected for in vitro evaluation, namely proteasome inhibition assays and cell viability assays. Compound 4 (JHG58) was shortlisted as the best hit compound based on its potential in terms of proteasome inhibitory activity and its ability to induce cell death (both with IC50 values in the low micromolar range). Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 4 interacts with key residues, namely with the catalytic Thr1, Ala20, Thr21, Lys33, and Asp125 at the chymotrypsin-like catalytic active site. The hit compound is a good candidate for additional optimization through a hit-to-lead campaign.
Formulation and Evaluation of a Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Raloxifene with Improved Solubility and Oral Bioavailability
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Mohsin , Vo Dang-Khoa , Choi Ho-Ik , Ryu Jeong-Su , Bae Yumi , Bukhari Nadeem Irfan , Zeb Alam , Kim Jin-Ki , Maeng Han-Joo
Published: August 2023

Poor aqueous solubility and dissolution limit the oral bioavailability of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drugs. In this study, we aimed to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX), a BCS class II drug, using a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). Based on the solubilities of RLX, Capryol 90, Tween 80/Labrasol ALF, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) were selected as the oil, surfactant mixture, and cosurfactant, respectively. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine the optimal composition (Capryol 90/Tween 80/Labrasol ALF/PEG-400 in 150/478.1/159.4/212.5 volume ratio) for RLX-SMEDDS with a small droplet size (147.1 nm) and stable microemulsification (PDI: 0.227). Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction of lyophilized RLX-SMEDDS revealed the loss of crystallinity, suggesting a molecularly dissolved or amorphous state of RLX in the SMEDDS formulation. Moreover, RLX-SMEDDS exhibited significantly higher saturation solubility and dissolution rate in water, simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) than RLX powder. Additionally, oral administration of RLX-SMEDDS to female rats resulted in 1.94- and 1.80-fold higher area under the curve and maximum plasma concentration, respectively, than the RLX dispersion. Collectively, our findings suggest SMEDDS is a promising oral formulation to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of RLX.
SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease Responsive ZnO/Daclatasvir-Loaded Chitosan/Gelatin Nanofibers as Smart Antimicrobial Medical Textiles: In Silico, In Vitro and Cell Studies
Authors: Hamdi Mohamed , Elkashlan Akram M. , Hammad Mohamed A. , Ali Isra H.
Published: August 2023

A significant number of deaths are reported annually worldwide due to microbial and viral infections. The development of protective medical textiles for patients and healthcare professionals has attracted many researchers’ attention. Therefore, this study aims to develop smart drug-eluting nanofibrous matrices to be used as a basic material for medical textile fabrication. First, chitosan/gelatin nanofibers were selected as the basic material owing to the wide antimicrobial activity of chitosan and the capability of gelatin to be hydrolyzed in the abundance of the papain-like protease (PLpro) enzyme secreted by SARS-CoV-2. Daclatasvir (DAC), an NS5A inhibitor, was selected as the model drug based on in silico studies where it showed high anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential compared to FDA-approved references. Due to their reported antimicrobial and antiviral activities, ZnO NPs were successfully prepared and incorporated with daclatasvir in chitosan/gelatin nanofibrous matrices through electrospinning. Afterward, an in vitro release study in a simulated buffer revealed the controlled release of DAC over 21 days from the nanofibers compared to only 6 h for free DAC. On the other hand, the abundance of PLpro induced the complete release of DAC from the nanofibers in only 4–8 h. Finally, the nanofibers demonstrated a wide antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans.
A Generic and Effective System Dispersion Compensation Method: Development and Validation in Visible-Light OCT
Authors: Wang Jiarui , Xu Chao , Zhu Shaodi , Chen Defu , Qiu Haixia , Lam Alexander K. N. , Leung Christopher K. S. , Yuan Wu
Published: August 2023

Compared with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the near-infrared domain, the visible-light OCT (vis-OCT) system affords a higher axial resolution for discerning subtle pathological changes associated with early diseases. However, the significant material dispersion at the visible-light range leads to a severe problem for dispersion management in vis-OCT systems, which results in a compromised axial resolution. While dispersion compensators (such as prism pairs) are commonly used, a digital method is still highly desirable and has been widely used to compensate for the residual dispersion imbalance between the reference and sample arms in an OCT system. In this paper, we develop a generic approach to effectively compensate for the system dispersion, especially the higher-order dispersion in the vis-OCT system, by using a single arbitrary measurement of the mirror-reflection (SAMMR) method and its resulting phase information. Compared with the previous methods, including the method based on the Taylor series iterative fitting and differential method, the proposed method does not need to extract the dispersion coefficients or use the metric functions and affords a better performance for axial resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio in vis-OCT systems. Its effectiveness is further validated in an OCT system operating in the near-infrared domain.