bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cold Surge Impacts on the Structure, Energy Budget, and Turbulence of the South China Sea Boundary Layer
Authors: Wang Kuan-Yun , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Lu Mong-Ming , Hong Jing-Shan
Published: June 2024

Episodic cold surges in the East Asian winter monsoon can penetrate deep into the South China Sea (SCS), enhance consequent tropical rainfall, and further strengthen the East Asia meridional overturning circulation. These cold surges can promote strong surface fluxes and lead to a deeper marine boundary layer (MBL). However, there is a lack of boundary layer studies over the SCS, unlike many other well-studied regions such as the North Atlantic Ocean and the central-eastern Pacific Ocean. In this study, we use high-resolution radiosonde data of temperature and humidity profiles over Dongsha Island (20.70°N, 116.69°E) to identify the inversion layer, mixed layer, cloud base, cloud top, and factors controlling low cloud cover for the period of December–February from 2010 to 2020. We perform an energy budget analysis with ERA5 meteorological variables and surface fluxes. Here, we show a strong turbulent flux convergence of both heat and moisture within the SCS MBL during cold surges, which leads to a lifting of the mixed layer to ∼1.0 km and the inversion layer to ∼2.0 km and associated cloud development over Dongsha Island. The cold and dry horizontal advection is balanced by this vertical turbulent flux convergence in the energy budget. Overall, cold surges over the SCS enhance a lower branch of winter monsoon meridional overturning circulation with stronger inversion and higher low cloud covers.

Significance Statement

Cold surges in the East Asian winter monsoon bring cold and dry air from Eurasian continent to the South China Sea where strong air–sea fluxes and pronounced shallow clouds are unique climatological features. The convective boundary layer (CBL) over the SCS and upstream northwest Pacific (NWP) is important in maintaining the East Asia (EA) meridional overturning circulation. However, the CBL over the SCS–NWP is poorly understood and the lack of understanding can lead to unrealistic boundary layer turbulence and energy transport such that the tropical convection and the overturning circulation are incorrectly represented. In this study, we use high-quality radiosonde data at Dongsha, reanalysis, and satellite cloud data to show the CBL structure and their evolution during the passage of cold surges in northern SCS. We anticipate that our study will motivate more atmosphere–ocean joint observation and PBL-related studies over the SCS–NWP.
Physiology of Risk-Taking and Risk Management in Realistic Decision-Making Scenarios
Authors: Crivelli Davide , Allegretta Roberta A. , Balconi Michela
Published: June 2024

Decisions under risk are a particular case of decisional skills taking place in complex and mostly unpredictable situations, where affective connotation of deciding is highly relevant. We aimed at investigating decisional processes under risk by outlining individual risk-taking (RT) and risk management (RM) attitudes via realistic decision-making and, in keeping with the risk-as-feeling hypothesis, at exploring implicit physiological correlates of such processes. 35 participants were presented with realistic situations where they had to make decisions by choosing between alternatives connoted by different levels of riskiness. Concurrently, autonomic physiological activation (cardiovascular and electrodermal activity) was recorded. Data analysis highlighted that: (i) participants showed higher propensity towards risk management than risk-taking; (ii) the propensity towards both risk taking and risk management was significantly determined by physiological markers of autonomic activity; and (iii) risk taking and risk management indices showed associations with different autonomic measures, respectively heart rate and skin conductance metrics.
Recent advances of preparing structure-enhanced conductive yarns to control their performance in potential applications
Authors: Saty Malik Yonis Hassan , Abdalla Ibrahim , Sarkodie Bismark , Farooq Amjad , Elhassan Ahmed , Wang Yong , Xu Zhenzhen
Published: June 2024

There has been a recent transition from conventional textiles to smart and electronic textiles, mostly due to the rise of wearable technology. Functional yarns have been created to fulfil the varied application needs in various environments. Conductive yarns have attracted considerable interest because of their exceptional softness, comfort, and diverse capabilities, such as electromagnetic shielding and soft sensors. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of spinning techniques utilized for the production of conductive yarns, incorporating a range of conductive additives, conductive fabrics, and conventional electrical elements. The text emphasizes that the performance of conductive yarns is significantly affected by their structure, which is dictated by the geometrical configurations of their elements, and the spinning geometry, commonly known as the twisted triangle. The performance of conductive yarns is primarily determined by the concentration of conductive components in their structure. Moreover, this paper examines the possible uses of conductive fabrics in several technical domains. The mentioned applications encompass antistatic packaging, heating elements, wearable electronics, smart membrane technology, data storage and transmission, sensors, actuators, and protection against electromagnetic interference and electrostatic discharge. Conductive textiles possess a versatile character that presents a wide range of opportunities for progress in multiple industries. To summarize, this review thoroughly examines the spinning methods used to create conductive yarns, with a particular focus on the significance of yarn structure in influencing their performance. Furthermore, it emphasizes the wide range of technological applications in which conductive textiles can be utilized.
Opportunities to use textile waste for the production of acoustic panels
Authors: Fridrichová Ludmila , Němeček Pavel , Knížek Roman , Buczkowska Katarzyna E
Published: June 2024

There are many indoor and outdoor areas where one encounters acoustic discomfort. In this study, the design possibilities of a passive acoustic panel with macro-openings are investigated. An acoustic panel which absorbs a defined frequency of sound can be created when a suitable combination of acoustic absorption affecting parameters is found. These optimum parameters for a panel with macro holes were sought by means of experimental research regarding: the type of raw material suitable for the production of the components of the acoustic panel, the optimal hole shapes, their size and positioning on the panel lid, the possibility of using shredded textile from unsorted textile waste. The experiments in which the influence of the hole size and placement on the acoustic absorption was investigated were verified using a theoretical electrical equivalent circuit model created in the MathCad programming environment. The study found that the commonly used perforated panels made of Plexiglas can be fully replaced by panels made of shredded unsorted textile waste. It has also been shown that the shapes of the holes which can act as a design element can have various combinations, i.e. as long as the same percentage of perforation is maintained, the size of the circular holes or the shape of the slotted holes do not matter, as their acoustic absorption is within approximately the same range. The findings published in the study can help in the design of passive panels for both interiors and exterior use.
Enhancing Reliability in Automated Pavement Condition Data with a Data Quality Check Approach for Highway Agencies
Authors: Luo Xiaohua , Tao Jueqiang , Wang Feng , Faieq Ajmain , Gong Haitao , Hong Feng
Published: June 2024

Automated methods have been widely used by highway agencies to collect pavement condition data. However, there are still accuracy and precision issues associated with the reliability of the existing automated data collection methods. Therefore, this research aims to develop data quality check procedures to improve the reliability of automated pavement condition data for highway agencies. The study comprises three main components: identification of data quality check indexes; establishment of data quality thresholds; and implementation of data quality check procedures. Annual pavement rating data collected by a vendor using automated technologies and manual audit data from an independent third party were utilized to develop thresholds and test the procedures. Three districts, including two urban and one rural districts in Texas, were selected for the data quality check implementation. The results indicate that the proposed procedures, along with defined indexes and thresholds, efficiently identify pavements with data quality issues at both the section level and the county level. By pinpointing problematic areas, highway agencies can allocate resources for quick quality checks, enhancing the accuracy and precision of automated pavement condition data. The study can help highway agencies enhance the accuracy and precision of automated pavement condition data, ultimately leading to improvements in their pavement conditions.
Recovery Scheduling of Road Networks Considering Day-to-Day Flow Evolution
Authors: Singh Jaswant , Gehlot Hemant
Published: June 2024

Natural disasters can lead to substantial disruptions in road networks, making many critical links unusable. It is important to timely repair the damaged links as they allow transportation of emergency services, relief materials, and so forth, after disasters. Many existing studies that focus on optimal recovery of damaged links after disasters assume that only a single agency is available for repair. Moreover, most of the existing studies do not consider travel time on links to be a function of traffic flow passing through the links and assume that the traffic flow gets distributed based on user equilibrium each time a link is repaired. However, such a traffic distribution is unrealistic as it assumes that the traffic flow remains the same across all the days for which a link is repaired and the traffic distribution gets suddenly modified whenever a link is fully repaired. The goal of this paper is to address these gaps in the literature of disaster recovery. We study the problem of determining the optimal repair scheduling of damaged links to minimize the sum of the total system travel time over the repair duration given that multiple repair agencies are available for recovery. Also, we consider a day-to-day traffic flow evolution where the route choices of travelers depend on the travel conditions of the previous day. We formulate this problem as a mixed-integer non-linear program. We proposed two solution methodologies to solve the problem: a genetic algorithm and a greedy algorithm. We tested these methodologies under different settings.
Organising Irresponsibility: Pandemic Management, State Transformation and the Diversion of Class Politics in Scotland’s COVID-19 Response
Authors: Foley James , Kerr Ewan
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 lockdowns rank as the most abrupt and consequential transformations in modern state-society relations outside of wartime. One enduring puzzle of this period is the convergence of policy responses during COVID-19, despite the diffusion of power and sovereignty that has accompanied the emergence of multilevel governance paradigms. We investigate this by examining the politics of pandemic management in the context of Scotland’s devolved relationship with the United Kingdom. The paper draws on interview data with governance officials and analysis of devolved policy literature to show that presentational differences between Holyrood and Westminster’s responses to COVID-19 disguised substantive similarities in interventions and outcomes. It argues that these stylistic conflicts served to channel and offset class-based grievances and epitomise the organisation of irresponsibility: the power to disclaim accountability. This reflects the dysfunctional tension between levels of multilevel governance that incentivise superficial conflicts over scale and jurisdiction while dispersing and diffusing responsibility.
Social and Environmental Characteristics Associated With Older Drivers’ Use of Non-driving Transportation Modes
Authors: Hansmann Kellia J. , Gangnon Ronald , McAndrews Carolyn , Robert Stephanie
Published: June 2024

Objective: We examined associations between older drivers’ social and environmental characteristics and odds of using non-driving transportation modes. Methods: Using 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study data for community-dwelling drivers ( n = 5102), we estimated logistic regression models of associations between social characteristics, environmental characteristics, and odds of using non-driving transportation modes three years later. Results: Drivers had 20% increase in odds of getting rides three years later for each additional confidante (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.30). Drivers living in more walkable neighborhoods were more likely to walk to get places (National Walkability Index [NWI] score of 18 vs. 2 aOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02–2.90) and take public transit three years later (NWI 18 vs. 2 aOR = 7.47, 95% CI: 1.69–33.0). Discussion: Identifying modifiable social and environmental characteristics can inform future interventions supporting older adults’ health during the transition to non-driving.
Invited Review: “I’ve Just Seen a Face”
Authors: Ardouin Kenny
Published: June 2024

I've Just Seen a Face is a new resource produced by author Amy Mendillo and is designed for parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate to help them to navigate the first year of life. In this invited article, Kenny Ardouin provides an overview of the book, and offers perspective on the content contained within, including potential issues for professionals working with cleft to consider. The review ends with recommendations for likely beneficiaries of the book, as well as considerations for additional future versions of the book.
What makes hospitality and tourism executives adopt information and communication technology: Antecedents and outcomes of ICT adoption
Authors: Song Sujin , Hwang Da Hyun Samantha , Park Sungbeen
Published: June 2024

While previous hospitality and tourism research has concentrated on the benefits of information and communication technology (ICT) adoption from the perspectives of customers and suppliers, less attention has been placed on this stream of research from an upper echelons perspective. Furthermore, a limited number of studies have explored the relationship between ICT adoption and its financial implications. Using various theoretical foundations (i.e., upper echelons theory, industrial organization theory, resource-based view, and organizational learning theory), this study attempts to provide an overarching conceptual framework that can explain the antecedents and consequences of adopting ICT. More specifically, this paper delves into industry- and firm-specific conditions to better understand the relationship between a top management team’s (TMT) attributes and ICT adoption as well as the relationship between ICT adoption and its financial implications.
Estimation of sound absorption coefficient at modal frequencies using decay time measurements and eigenvalue model in a small room
Authors: Čurović Luka , Murovec Jure , Železnik Anže , Prezelj Jurij
Published: June 2024

Measuring the sound absorption coefficient in a small reverberation room below the Schroeder frequency is a challenging task and the results are subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Recent research shows that the low-frequency acoustic properties of the enclosure and the test sample should be characterized by quantities that describe the modal sound field. The aim of this paper is to present a method for estimating the absorption coefficient of a test sample at modal frequencies in the low frequency range and to demonstrate its applicability in a small room. The hybrid inverse approach is based on eigenvalue measurement data coupled with a finite element model to estimate the sound-absorbing properties of a small room and the test sample. The method was tested experimentally and the results were consistent with those of the long impedance tube method. The applicability of the proposed method was further demonstrated by the in-situ characterization of different acoustic samples in the low frequency range.
Combined exhaust gas and optical investigation of methanol DI-engine with focus on the fuel spray-wall interaction
Authors: Stark Michael , Kraus Christoph , Fellner Felix , Jaensch Malte
Published: June 2024

Liquid e-fuels such as methanol represent a possible solution to emission-neutral drivetrains. Reduced emissions from the combustion process increase the influence of cylinder wall interaction of the fuel spray and the influence of the fuel ingress into the lubricating oil. Combining emission analysis methods and optical measurements allows a deeper understanding of the processes around the piston assembly group and cylinder wall. This paper aims to increase the understanding of the processes resulting from fuel spray and cylinder wall interaction. Emission measurements from a single-cylinder SI research engine were gathered across multiple operating parameters. Optical measurements were taken at similar operating points using an optically accessible engine. A laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) setup with dyed fuel was used for the optical measurements. This paper focuses on thermodynamic steady state measurements at 2000 rpm, varying loads between 3 and 11 bar IMEP, and corresponding optical measurements at 11 bar IMEP. The measurements of both engines were correlated, and a more profound understanding of the processes involved and their influence on emission behavior was derived. Measurements showed a lower particle emission behavior with a tendency of a higher PN10 to PN23 ratio and higher formic acid emissions using methanol fuel compared to gasoline. A higher wall film interaction with methanol could be visualized, and possible effects were correlated to the exhaust emission measurements. Tests with two start of injection timings (SOI) of 430° crank angle (CA) after fired top dead center, as used for gasoline operation, and 550°CA as an optimized SOI for methanol operation were compared. A correlation between the results from the thermodynamic engine and the optically accessible engine was demonstrated. The optical measurements showed lower penetration depths for the optimized SOI and lower fuel spray-to-piston interaction. The thermodynamic measurements have shown higher efficiencies and fewer emissions for the optimized SOI.
Qualitative Thematic Analysis in a Mixed Methods Study: Guidelines and Considerations for Integration
Authors: DeJonckheere Melissa , Vaughn Lisa M. , James Tyler G. , Schondelmeyer Amanda C.
Published: June 2024

Qualitative thematic analysis is a commonly used and widely applicable form of qualitative analysis, though it can be challenging to implement. Due to its use across research questions, qualitative traditions, and fields, thematic analysis is also prevalent in mixed methods studies. Despite its widespread use, the term “thematic analysis” is often confused and not always well described in empirical studies. In addition, there is limited guidance on how to use thematic analysis within the context of mixed methods research to ensure rigorous study design and mixed methods integration. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the definitions, use, and variations of thematic analysis and explore how integration and mixed methods validity may be impacted in mixed methods studies.
Physical harms associated with suprascapular nerve block interventions in the non-surgical management of acute and chronic shoulder pain: A systematic review
Authors: Annison David Richard , Smith Neil , Salt Emma , Noblet Tim , Rangan Amar , McDaid Catriona
Published: June 2024

Background

The utility of the suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) in the non-surgical management of shoulder pain continues to be explored, whilst its associated physical harms have not. This systematic review aims to report the physical harms associated with the SSNB in the non-surgical management of shoulder pain.

Methods

A search was undertaken of AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, Pubmed, and Scopus databases. Studies were included if they reported the presence or absence of harm following a SSNB intervention (injection, pulsed radiofrequency, ablation) in the non-surgical management of acute or chronic shoulder pain. Excluded studies were those which utilised SSNB for peri, intra, or post-surgical intervention. The McMaster tool for assessing quality of harms assessment and reporting was utilised.

Results

A total of 111 studies were included in this review of which 168 episodes of harm were reported across 4142 participants. Harm severity ranged from pneumothorax (n = 5) to local pain and bruising (n = 50). The quality of harms assessment and reporting across all studies was poor.

Discussion

Despite heterogeneity in SSNB intervention, and low-quality evidence, SSNB carries a low risk of physical harm. Further work is needed in addressing the poor quality of harms assessment and reporting in SSNB studies.
Focusing on experts: Expectations of healthcare professionals regarding the use of telemedicine in intensive care units
Authors: Eitenberger Magdalena , Gerger Gernot , Klomfar Sophie , Gabriel Marcus Alexander , Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Schaden Eva , Atanasov Atanas G , Maleczek Mathias , Völkl-Kernstock Sabine , Klager Elisabeth
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Telemedical applications are solutions to challenges in the healthcare system. However, it is unclear what intensive care unit healthcare professionals expect from such solutions. This study investigated the expectations and concerns of nurses and physicians when implementing telemedicine tools in intensive care units (tele-ICU).

Methods

The study was conducted in intensive care units in 2020 during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It used a mixed-methods approach targeted at physicians and nurses and involved 14 qualitative interviews and 63 quantitative questionnaires.

Results

The qualitative and quantitative data showed that both nurses and physicians were willing to use tele-ICU. Nurses recognised the advantages of real-time access to expertise offered by tele-ICU, but feared this would reduce physicians’ on-site patient time. Physicians, in turn, were concerned that they would be expected to be continuously on call. The majority in both groups agreed that any tele-ICU solution must be simple to use and integrate easily into existing organisational structures, networks, and work routines. Additionally, COVID-19 significantly influenced expectations: those who reported having more personal health concerns during the pandemic were more predisposed to favour the use of tele-ICU.

Conclusions

Overall, tele-ICU supports better care, but a successful implementation depends on its ease of use and context-sensitive approaches. Effectively integrating tele-ICU solutions into daily clinical routines requires input from nurses and physicians and their involvement in the implementation process from the outset, as well as consideration of existing organisational structures. Such measures will vastly increase the chance of acceptance and successful adoption of telemedical solutions in clinical practice.
Autograft Versus Allograft in Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kern Kent , Sanii Ryan , Peterson James C , Menge Travis
Published: June 2024

Background:

Several approaches to surgical techniques and graft types exist in posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction. The literature lacks knowledge regarding outcomes after autograft versus allograft reconstruction for PLC injuries.

Purpose:

To comprehensively review the current literature on PLC reconstruction and compare outcomes between autograft and allograft tissues.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The PubMed and Scopus online databases were searched with the terms “PLC,”“posterolateral knee,”“posterolateral corner,” and “reconstruction” in varying combinations. Patient characteristics, graft type, graft failure, surgical techniques, functional outcome scores, and varus laxity on stress radiographs were reviewed and compared between PLC reconstruction with autografts versus allografts.

Results:

Included were 22 studies comprising 33 cohorts: 16 autografts (n = 280 knees) and 17 allografts (336 knees). There were 69 isolated PLC reconstructions (58 allografts and 11 autografts) and 493 multiligament reconstructions (269 autografts and 224 allografts). There was no difference in the mean patient age (30.5 vs 33.5 years, respectively; P = .11) or mean follow-up (39.5 vs 37.7 months, respectively; P = .68) between the autograft and allograft groups. There was no evidence to suggest a difference in graft failures between graft types (pooled mean autograft vs allograft: 0.44 vs 0.41 failures; P = .95). There was a significant difference in the mean postoperative Lysholm scores for autografts versus allografts (89.6 vs 85.5, respectively; P = .04). There was no difference between the cohorts in preoperative or postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores or postoperative varus laxity.

Conclusion:

Our review and meta-analysis indicated no significant differences in graft failure rates or objective outcomes after PLC reconstruction based on graft type alone. There was a significant difference in postoperative Lysholm scores in favor of the autograft group and no significant difference in IKDC subjective scores.
Modeling the Intelligibility Benefit of Active Noise Cancelation in Hearing Devices That Improve Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Authors: Sabin Andrew T. , McElhone Dale , Gauger Daniel , Rabinowitz Bill
Published: June 2024

The extent to which active noise cancelation (ANC), when combined with hearing assistance, can improve speech intelligibility in noise is not well understood. One possible source of benefit is ANC's ability to reduce the sound level of the direct (i.e., vent-transmitted) path. This reduction lowers the “floor” imposed by the direct path, thereby allowing any increases to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) created in the amplified path to be “realized” at the eardrum. Here we used a modeling approach to estimate this benefit. We compared pairs of simulated hearing aids that differ only in terms of their ability to provide ANC and computed intelligibility metrics on their outputs. The difference in metric scores between simulated devices is termed the “ANC Benefit.” These simulations show that ANC Benefit increases as (1) the environmental sound level increases, (2) the ability of the hearing aid to improve SNR increases, (3) the strength of the ANC increases, and (4) the hearing loss severity decreases. The predicted size of the ANC Benefit can be substantial. For a moderate hearing loss, the model predicts improvement in intelligibility metrics of >30% when environments are moderately loud (>70 dB SPL) and devices are moderately capable of increasing SNR (by >4 dB). It appears that ANC can be a critical ingredient in hearing devices that attempt to improve SNR in loud environments. ANC will become more and more important as advanced SNR-improving algorithms (e.g., artificial intelligence speech enhancement) are included in hearing devices.
Training Health Professional Students as Social Risk Advocates
Authors: Taylor Jennifer D , Bruno Danielle
Published: June 2024

Recognizing the intersection of cultural competency and social determinants of health is a pivotal aspect of enhancing health outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study, we sought to assess the influence of a 2-year leadership program on participants’ knowledge and self-confidence in utilizing social risk-targeted care to advocate for individual health and well-being. From 2018 to 2022, 318 health profession students completed the comprehensive 2-year program, and completed the program evaluation, which gauged the program’s impact on their knowledge and confidence to utilize social risk advocacy for those they serve. The data analysis revealed a statistically significant positive change between the pre-test and post-test phases regarding students’ self-reported comprehension of how an individual’s culture or background can impact their overall health and healthcare choices. There was a notable improvement in self-efficacy related to catering to the unique needs of individuals in rural and underserved settings as well as an increased intent to practice in underserved communities. The findings underscore the affirmative influence of affording students the opportunity to engage in tailored didactic training and community-based learning designed to cultivate the self-confidence necessary to advocate for health equity within their communities.
Power and space in a rentier state: The case of mega mall boom in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Nikbin Asieh , Kazemian Gholamreza , Sharifzadegan Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2024

Space is intertwined with the exercise of power. While exertion of power in the production of space has been frequently studied in democratic political systems, little attention has been paid to non-democratic systems. This study aims to address this gap by focusing on the mega mall development process in Tehran. The study applies a four-dimensional view of power, including over, covert, latent, and disciplinary power, to investigate the exercise of power in the development of mega malls in Tehran. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach; data is collected through 48 semi-structured in-depth interviews and nine documents. The process of mega mall development in Tehran illustrates two levels of power dynamics. Firstly, powerful institutions emerge as winners while citizens lose out. This overt conflict involves monopolized decision-making and the rationalization and legitimization of ‘exceptions’, representing the covert and latent dimensions of power respectively. Secondly, the mega mall itself functions as a Panopticon by exerting disciplinary power. While power dynamics may share similarities across different systems, the distinctive aspect of mega mall development in Tehran lies in the monopolized process and pervasive perception manipulation as the key means of power exertion.
Gender differences in spatio-temporal dynamics: Visualizing bike-sharing mobility patterns in New York City
Authors: Chen Guiyu , Li Chaosu
Published: June 2024

Urban spaces distinctly modulate the mobility patterns of men and women, with new mobility modes manifesting gender differences. In this study, by visualizing bike-sharing mobility patterns in New York City, we reveal significant disparities in cycling usage between males and females. During weekdays, the findings highlight a pattern of male dominance in most areas, particularly in business districts. In some recreational and residential areas, routes with higher proportions of female cyclists are observed. Additionally, weekends experience a surge in the proportion of female cyclists, predominantly in leisure-oriented locations. These findings highlighted the need for urban planning to account for gender differences across space and time to meet diverse mobility needs.
Artificial Intelligence as a Dynamic Copilot in Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Fox Joseph D. , Pittaway Luke , Uzuegbunam Ikenna
Published: June 2024

How will instructors effectively manage the use of artificial intelligence (AI) with generative capabilities in entrepreneurship education? This paper introduces a framework to help instructors understand the different roles played by AI and learners as they move through different phases of a learning task. We describe the Artificial Intelligence in Entrepreneurship Education (AIEE) framework to outline the roles and relationships that instructors, students, and AI systems may play as part of a learning task in the classroom. We articulate key takeaways for instructors to recognize the responsibilities that are associated with different roles at different phases of a learning task.
Entrepreneurial Mindset and Intentions for Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship in Engineering and Business Students
Authors: Kwapisz Agnieszka , Aytes Kregg , Bryant Scott , LaMeres Brock J.
Published: June 2024

With the shifting dynamics of the modern workforce, there is a growing recognition of the essential role that an entrepreneurial mindset (EM) plays in shaping future innovators, notably within engineering disciplines. Despite the acknowledged significance of EM, there remains a gap in understanding how it relates to entrepreneurial or intrapreneurial intentions (E/II). This research investigates the link between EM and E/II among business and engineering students. We also analyze how EM changes over time. Our findings indicate that in both domains, ideation correlated with entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and intrapreneurial intentions (II). In both domains, altruism was associated with II. Empathy and interest were related to EI in engineering students, distinct from their business counterparts, whereas open-mindedness and interest correlated with II. These differences emphasize the need for distinct educational strategies to prepare both business and engineering students for their entrepreneurial paths.
Demystifying the Research Trend of Content Marketing Research: A Co-authorship and Co-occurrence Analysis
Authors: Barkha Mrs , Deepa Mrs
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, content marketing is a marketing strategy used by marketers to organize, produce, and share information in order to draw in certain audiences and persuade them to make purchases. As a result, marketers are devoting a significant amount of time in producing quality content that raises awareness of their brand and piques the interest of their target audience. Consequently, the purpose of the research is to examine various published articles in content marketing to identify key themes and the extent to which research has influenced content marketing utilizing bibliometric analysis of 414 papers published in Scopus database between 1999 and 2023. The result of the study depicts that content marketing is growing at fast pace with the growing use of digital and social media marketing. The top three nations contributing to the field of content marketing are the “United States,” the “United Kingdom,” and “Germany.” Five themes have been identified as follows: Integrated digital marketing ecosystem, strategic B2B digital branding, AI-driven consumer-centric marketing, crafting a data-infused digital narrative: unveiling the intricate dance between big data, consumer behavior, and digital content marketing, and exploring the dynamic landscape of modern commerce. In accordance to the results, the primary authors and contributions in the field have been recognized, facilitating the formulation of guidelines and directions for potential research.
3D Tortuosity computation as a shape descriptor and its application to brain structure analysis
Authors: Mateos Maria-Julieta , Bribiesca Ernesto , Guzmán-Arenas Adolfo , Aguilar Wendy , Marquez-Flores Jorge A.
Published: June 2024

In this study, we propose a novel method for quantifying tortuosity in 3D voxelized objects. As a shape characteristic, tortuosity has been widely recognized as a valuable feature in image analysis, particularly in the field of medical imaging. Our proposed method extends the two-dimensional approach of the Slope Chain Code (SCC) which creates a one-dimensional representation of curves. The utility of 3D tortuosity ($$\tau _{3D}$$

τ

3
D

) as a shape descriptor was investigated by characterizing brain structures. The results of the $$\tau _{3D}$$

τ

3
D

computation on the central sulcus and the main lobes revealed significant differences between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and control subjects, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for AD. We found a $$p<0.05$$

p
<
0.05

for the left central sulcus and the four brain lobes.
The role of internet addiction and academic resilience in predicting the mental health of high school students in Tehran
Authors: Latifian Maryam , Aarabi Mahta Alsadat , Esmaeili Sahar , Abdi Kianoush , Raheb Ghoncheh
Published: June 2024

Background

The World Health Organization defines mental health as a combination of two dimensions: the negative dimension, or negative mental health, which indicates the presence of mental disorders, symptoms, and problems, and the positive dimension, or positive mental health, which includes emotions and positive personal characteristics such as self-esteem, resilience against environmental challenges, a sense of integrity, and self-efficacy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of internet addiction and academic resilience in predicting the mental health of high school students in Tehran, Iran.

Method

The research method employed was a survey. 758 people participated in the study, and the samples consisted of high school students in Tehran during the academic year 2022–2023. The process of collecting information was carried out by distributing the questionnaire link through virtual networks and schools. The research utilized Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Samuels’ Academic Resilience Inventory, and Goldberg’s Mental Health Questionnaire as the research tools. Statistical tests, including Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis, were employed to investigate the relationships between variables.

Result

The effect of internet addiction on mental health (ß=0.39) is negative and significant at the 0.001 level, while the effect of academic resilience on mental health (ß=0.66) is positive and significant at the 0.001 level. These two variables collectively predict 53% of the variance in students’ mental health. This indicates that as internet addiction increases among students, their mental health significantly decreases, whereas higher levels of academic resilience correspond to higher mental health.

Conclusions

This study has elucidated the role of internet addiction and academic resilience in predicting the mental health of high school students in Tehran. Given the significance of adolescent mental health, it is imperative for healthcare professionals and other stakeholders to develop intervention and prevention models to address mental health crises and plan for the enhancement of adolescent mental health.
Association between childhood trauma and Internet gaming disorder: a moderated mediation analysis with depression as a mediator and psychological resilience as a moderator
Authors: Liu Qian , Ouyang Lijun , Fan Lejia , Liao Aijun , Li Zongchang , Chen Xiaogang , Yuan Liu , He Ying
Published: June 2024

Background

The effect of childhood trauma on Internet gaming disorder remains unclear. In this study, we examined this association in Chinese students and explored the possible associated roles of psychological resilience and depression.

Methods

In total, 8,579 students from Hunan Province, China, provided information regarding their sociodemographic factors, history of childhood trauma, any symptoms of depression, psychological resilience, and characteristics of Internet gaming disorder for this cross-sectional study. The impact of childhood trauma on Internet gaming disorder, as well as the extent to which it was mediated by depression and moderated by psychological resilience was evaluated.

Results

The influence of childhood trauma on Internet gaming disorder was partially mediated by depression (B = 0.07, 95% CI [0.04, 0.05], p < 0.001), with psychological resilience acting as a mitigating factor (B = -0.002, 95% CI [13.74, 21.72], p < 0.001). Psychological resilience also moderated the association between childhood trauma and depression (B = − 0.003, 95% CI [22.17, 28.10], p < 0.001). Our moderated mediation model elucidated psychosocial mechanisms, revealing the underlying link between childhood trauma and Internet gaming disorder. It also demonstrated the partial mediating role of depression and modulating role of psychological resilience among Chinese students.

Conclusions

Education and interventions, along with effective social support, should be provided to enhance students’ psychological resilience and prevent childhood trauma and depression.
Association between exposure to metalworking fluid aerosols, occupational noise and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Zhou Li , Wu Beining , Tang Minzhu , Li Geyang , Chan Weiling , Song Lin , Wang Jin , Zhu Lejia , Lin Lan , Lian Yulong
Published: June 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) carries a high public health burden yet little is known about the relationship between metalworking fluid (MWF) aerosols, occupational noise and CKD. We aimed to explore the relationship between occupational MWF aerosols, occupational noise and CKD.

Methods

A total of 2,738 machinists were sampled from three machining companies in Wuxi, China, in 2022. We used the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method 5524 to collect individual samples for MWF aerosols exposure, and the Chinese national standard (GBZ/T 189.8–2007) method to test individual occupational noise exposure. The diagnostic criteria for CKD were urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) of ≥ 30 mg/g and reduced renal function (eGFR < 60 mL.min− 1. 1.73 m− 2) lasting longer than 3 months. Smooth curve fitting was conducted to analyze the associations of MWF aerosols and occupational noise with CKD. A segmented regression model was used to analyze the threshold effects.

Results

Workers exposed to MWF aerosols (odds ratio [OR] = 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–3.41) and occupational noise (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.06–2.96) had higher prevalence of CKD than nonexposed workers. A nonlinear and positive association was found between increasing MWF aerosols and occupational noise dose and the risk of CKD. When daily cumulative exposure dose of MWF aerosols exceeded 8.03 mg/m3, the OR was 1.24 (95%CI: 1.03–1.58), and when occupational noise exceeded 87.22 dB(A), the OR was 1.16 (95%CI: 1.04–1.20). In the interactive analysis between MWF aerosols and occupational noise, the workers exposed to both MWF aerosols (cumulative exposure ≥ 8.03 mg/m3-day) and occupational noise (LEX,8 h ≥ 87.22 dB(A)) had an increased prevalence of CKD (OR = 2.71, 95%CI: 1.48–4.96). MWF aerosols and occupational noise had a positive interaction in prevalence of CKD.

Conclusions

Occupational MWF aerosols and noise were positively and nonlinearly associated with CKD, and cumulative MWF aerosols and noise exposure showed a positive interaction with CKD. These findings emphasize the importance of assessing kidney function of workers exposed to MWF aerosols and occupational noise. Prospective and longitudinal cohort studies are necessary to elucidate the causality of these associations.
Oral health knowledge, literacy and behavior of pregnant women: a qualitative study in a northeastern province of Thailand
Authors: Phoosuwan Nitikorn , Bunnatee Pimchanok , Lundberg Pranee C.
Published: June 2024

Background

Pregnancy is a unique period of women’s lives, and oral health is an important public health indicator during this period. Pregnant women have increased vulnerability to oral health problems. The study aimed to describe oral health knowledge, literacy and behavior of pregnant women in a northeastern province of Thailand.

Methods

A descriptive study was used. Twenty pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics of eight public hospitals in the province were recruited by use of purposive sampling. They participated voluntarily in individual interview. The Health Belief Model was used as conception framework. All data were transcribed and subjected to content analysis.

Results

Five categories emerged: Misbelief and lack of knowledge, Oral health problems and dental care seeking, Oral health information from different persons, Self-care management of oral health, and Fear of and anxiety towards dental treatment. The findings showed that low knowledge of need for treatment, little importance to oral health and low priority of dental needs affect the demand for dental care. Fear of and anxiety towards dental treatment were the results of negative past experiences of neglecting dental care. Some women perceived health benefits of practicing self-care of oral health during pregnancy.

Conclusion

The findings help to better understand the oral health issues of pregnant women and provide baseline information for oral health promotion. Such promotion and culturally appropriate care should be integrated in maternal health education classes.
DREAMER: a computational framework to evaluate readiness of datasets for machine learning
Authors: Ahangaran Meysam , Zhu Hanzhi , Li Ruihui , Yin Lingkai , Jang Joseph , Chaudhry Arnav P. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Au Rhoda , Kolachalama Vijaya B.
Published: June 2024

Background

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as the predominant computational paradigm for analyzing large-scale datasets across diverse domains. The assessment of dataset quality stands as a pivotal precursor to the successful deployment of ML models. In this study, we introduce DREAMER (Data REAdiness for MachinE learning Research), an algorithmic framework leveraging supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques to autonomously evaluate the suitability of tabular datasets for ML model development. DREAMER is openly accessible as a tool on GitHub and Docker, facilitating its adoption and further refinement within the research community..

Results

The proposed model in this study was applied to three distinct tabular datasets, resulting in notable enhancements in their quality with respect to readiness for ML tasks, as assessed through established data quality metrics. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of the framework in substantially augmenting the original dataset quality, achieved through the elimination of extraneous features and rows. This refinement yielded improved accuracy across both supervised and unsupervised learning methodologies.

Conclusion

Our software presents an automated framework for data readiness, aimed at enhancing the integrity of raw datasets to facilitate robust utilization within ML pipelines. Through our proposed framework, we streamline the original dataset, resulting in enhanced accuracy and efficiency within the associated ML algorithms.