bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Foreign Office Mind
Authors: Otte T. G.
Published: October 2011

With this pioneering approach to the study of international history, T. G. Otte reconstructs the underlying principles, élite perceptions and 'unspoken assumptions' that shaped British foreign policy between the death of Palmerston and the outbreak of the First World War. Grounded in a wide range of public and private archival sources, and drawing on sociological insights, The Foreign Office Mind presents a comprehensive analysis of the foreign service as a 'knowledge-based organization', rooted in the social and educational background of the diplomatic élite and the broader political, social and cultural fabric of Victorian and Edwardian Britain. The book charts how the collective mindset of successive generations of professional diplomats evolved, and reacted to and shaped changes in international relations during the second half of the nineteenth century, including the balance of power and arms races, the origins of appeasement and the causes of the First World War.
Lionel Robbins
Authors: Howson Susan
Published: October 2011

By the time of his death the English economist Lionel Robbins (1898–1984) was celebrated as a 'renaissance man'. He made major contributions to his own academic discipline and applied his skills as an economist not only to practical problems of economic policy – with conspicuous success when he served as head of the economists advising the wartime coalition government of Winston Churchill in 1940–45 – and of higher education – the 'Robbins Report' of 1963 – but also to the administration of the visual and performing arts that he loved deeply. He was devoted to the London School of Economics, from his time as an undergraduate following active service as an artillery officer on the Western Front in 1917–18, through his years as Professor of Economics (1929–62), and his stint as chairman of the governors during the 'troubles' of the late 1960s. This comprehensive biography, based on his personal and professional correspondence and other papers, covers all these many and varied activities.
The Cambridge Photographic Star Atlas
Authors: Mellinger Axel , Stoyan Ronald
Published: October 2011

Using the latest methods in digital photography and image processing, The Cambridge Photographic Star Atlas presents the whole sky through large-scale photographic images with corresponding charts. Each double-page spread shows a section of the night sky and is accompanied by an inverted chart highlighting and naming double stars, variable stars, open clusters, galactic and planetary nebulae, globular clusters and galaxies. The 82 large-scale charts, with a scale of 1° per cm, identify over 1500 deep-sky objects and 2500 stars. Providing a giant mosaic of the entire sky, this unique atlas is unparalleled in detail and completeness, making it indispensable for visual observers and astrophotographers.
Spinoza's Geometry of Power
Authors: Viljanen Valtteri
Published: October 2011

This work examines the unique way in which Benedict de Spinoza (1632–77) combines two significant philosophical principles: that real existence requires causal power and that geometrical objects display exceptionally clearly how things have properties in virtue of their essences. Valtteri Viljanen argues that underlying Spinoza's psychology and ethics is a compelling metaphysical theory according to which each and every genuine thing is an entity of power endowed with an internal structure akin to that of geometrical objects. This allows Spinoza to offer a theory of existence and of action - human and non-human alike - as dynamic striving that takes place with the same kind of necessity and intelligibility that pertain to geometry. Viljanen's fresh and original study will interest a wide range of readers in Spinoza studies and early modern philosophy more generally.
Resolving Controversy in the European Union
Authors: Thomson Robert
Published: October 2011

How does the EU resolve controversy when making laws that affect citizens? How has the EU been affected by the recent enlargements that brought its membership to a diverse group of twenty-seven countries? This book answers these questions with analyses of the EU's legislative system that include the roles played by the European Commission, European Parliament and member states' national governments in the Council of Ministers. Robert Thomson examines more than 300 controversial issues in the EU from the past decade and describes many cases of controversial decision-making as well as rigorous comparative analyses. The analyses test competing expectations regarding key aspects of the political system, including the policy demands made by different institutions and member states, the distributions of power among the institutions and member states, and the contents of decision outcomes. These analyses are also highly relevant to the EU's democratic deficit and various reform proposals.
The Australians
Authors: Adams Francis William Lauderdale
Published: October 2011

Best-known for the scandalous circumstances surrounding his suicide in 1893, Francis Adams (1862–1893) enjoyed a reputation as a proficient, if unpredictable, writer producing a large volume of work in his relatively short life. Adams moved to Australia in the early 1880s, remaining there for several years. Finding the news of Australia in England 'inept', Adams wrote from a desire to educate the English public properly on the Australian people. His work, published in 1893, is divided into two parts. The first describes the geography, culture and society of the 'Pacific slope', the ribbon of settlements along the east coast of Australia. The second half, focused on the eastern interior, deals with the more controversial issues of land ownership and the Aboriginal population in the rural areas in the country. Much of the book draws on Adams' series of articles on Australian life, previously published in the Fortnightly Review.
The History of Tasmania
Authors: West John
Published: October 2011

John West (1809–1873) was an English-born minister who received a Colonial Missionary Society post in Tasmania in 1838. West became an outspoken opponent of the ongoing government policy of transporting convicts from Britain to Tasmania. Around 1847 a wealthy supporter approached West to write the colony's history, although it had been a British territory only since 1803. West accepted the task and, amid his campaigning and other responsibilities, completed this two-volume work which was published in 1852. It is divided between a straightforward narrative of events and thematic issues such as the treatment of the Aboriginal peoples and the issue of the convict transport system. In Volume 2, the first ten sections discuss the early encounters with Europeans and the subsequent mistreatment of the native people in Tasmania. The remainder of the volume considers the island's development as a penal colony.
Life and Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker O.M., G.C.S.I.
Authors: Hooker Joseph Dalton
Published: October 2011

Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911) was one of the most eminent botanists of the later nineteenth century. Educated at Glasgow, he developed his studies of plant life by examining specimens all over the world. After several successful scientific expeditions, first to the Antarctic and later to India, he was appointed to succeed his father as Director of the Botanical Gardens at Kew. Hooker was the first to hear of and support Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, and over their long friendship the two scientists exchanged many letters. Another close friend was the scientist T. H. Huxley, and it was the latter's son, Leonard (1860–1933), who published this standard biography in 1918. The second volume details Hooker's management of Kew, his later travels, and the end of his long life.
Multiscale Stochastic Volatility for Equity, Interest Rate, and Credit Derivatives
Authors: Fouque Jean-Pierre , Papanicolaou George , Sircar Ronnie , Sølna Knut
Published: October 2011

Building upon the ideas introduced in their previous book, Derivatives in Financial Markets with Stochastic Volatility, the authors study the pricing and hedging of financial derivatives under stochastic volatility in equity, interest-rate, and credit markets. They present and analyze multiscale stochastic volatility models and asymptotic approximations. These can be used in equity markets, for instance, to link the prices of path-dependent exotic instruments to market implied volatilities. The methods are also used for interest rate and credit derivatives. Other applications considered include variance-reduction techniques, portfolio optimization, forward-looking estimation of CAPM 'beta', and the Heston model and generalizations of it. 'Off-the-shelf' formulas and calibration tools are provided to ease the transition for practitioners who adopt this new method. The attention to detail and explicit presentation make this also an excellent text for a graduate course in financial and applied mathematics.
Irish Culture and Colonial Modernity 1800–2000
Authors: Lloyd David
Published: October 2011

From the Famine to political hunger strikes, from telling tales in the pub to Beckett's tortured utterances, the performance of Irish identity has always been deeply connected to the oral. Exploring how colonial modernity transformed the spaces that sustained Ireland's oral culture, this book explains why Irish culture has been both so creative and so resistant to modernization. David Lloyd brings together manifestations of oral culture in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, showing how the survival of orality was central both to resistance against colonial rule and to Ireland's modern definition as a postcolonial culture. Specific to Ireland as these histories are, they resonate with postcolonial cultures globally. This study is an important and provocative new interpretation of Irish national culture and how it came into being.
A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea
Authors: Bosman William
Published: October 2011

An early example of the travel-writing genre, William Bosman's collection of letters, originally written in Dutch and first published in English in 1705, describes the geography and political and natural history of the coast of Guinea. This 1907 edition is presented as a facsimile of the 1705 version, retaining the original typography. Bosman (born in 1672) went to Africa at the age of sixteen in the service of the Dutch West India Company, and spent fourteen years on the Gold Coast. This collection of twenty letters, written to his uncle in the Netherlands, remains an important source of information about this area of west Africa in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Bosman's accounts are highly descriptive, and his writings cover all aspects of the area, from its flora and fauna to its political, social and legal systems, its enterprising natives and its climate and diseases.
The Lake Regions of Central Africa
Authors: Burton Richard Francis
Published: October 2011

Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821–90) was an explorer who began his career in the Bombay army in 1842. While in India he developed his linguistic talent, mastering more than forty different languages and dialects. He turned to writing books in the 1850s and over the remaining forty years of his life published dozens of works and more than 100 articles. In this two-volume work, published in 1860, Burton discusses geographical and ethnological matters, while also giving space to the 'picturesque points of view which the subject offers' in recounting his journey to Zanzibar and around the lakes in present-day Tanzania. In Volume 1 Burton begins his expedition on the island of Zanzibar before moving inland to explore the Kingani and Mgeta Rivers. He crosses the Usagara mountains and ends the volume in Unyamwezi, 'the far-famed land over the moon'.
The Baganda
Authors: Roscoe John
Published: October 2011

Missionary and amateur anthropologist John Roscoe (1861–1932) published this account of the Baganda tribe of Buganda in 1911, to preserve a record of a sophisticated people before their cultural traditions were undermined as their territory became part of the British Protectorate of Uganda. He had spent twenty-five years in Africa, during which he interviewed the people in their own languages about their customs and religious beliefs. The Baganda is a straightforward survey of a traditionally organised way of life. Birth, upbringing, marriage, death and burial, clans, kings, government, warfare, and other topics are treated in careful detail. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the longest chapter is on religion, but Roscoe makes non-judgmental observations on customs which did not fit with western morality. More recent anthropological research has amplified Roscoe's findings, but has found little to correct, and this remains a standard work on a culture about to undergo a massive transformation.
The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.
Authors: Johnson Samuel
Published: October 2011

Dr Samuel Johnson (1709–84) is regarded as one of the outstanding figures of English literature, as a poet, essayist, moralist, critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. This collected edition of his works - commissioned by the publisher within hours of Johnson's death, such was his celebrity - was published in 1787 in eleven volumes, edited by his literary executor, the musicologist Sir John Hawkins. Volume 6 contains the second part of The Rambler, the periodical published by Johnson twice a week between 1750 and 1752. Modelled on Addison's Spectator, the essays address a wide range of social, religious, political and literary themes, and are not exclusively by Johnson himself: there are contributions by others, particularly women writers such as Hester Chapone and Elizabeth Carter. The Rambler adopted an 'elevated' style, and topics range from criticism of the emerging novel genre to discussions of humanitarian issues such as prostitution and capital punishment.
The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.
Authors: Johnson Samuel
Published: October 2011

Dr Samuel Johnson (1709–84) is regarded as one of the outstanding figures of English literature, as a poet, essayist, moralist, critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. This collected edition of his works - commissioned by the publisher within hours of Johnson's death, such was his celebrity - was published in 1787 in eleven volumes, edited by his literary executor, the musicologist Sir John Hawkins. Volume 11 contains poetry in English and Latin, prayers, and a variety of literary forms - a fantasy, The Vision of Theodore, Johnson's only play, Irene, Rasselas, which uses an oriental tale and a French form to meditate on the folly of the quest for human happiness, and The Vanity of Human Wishes, based on one of Juvenal's satires. There is also an index to the eleven-volume set.
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
Authors: Jefferson Thomas
Published: October 2011

Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) was the third United States President (1801–9) and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. An advocate of republicanism, he envisioned America as an 'Empire of Liberty' that would strive to promote freedom around the world. First published in 1853–4, this nine-volume edition of Jefferson's writings shows the breadth of his intellectual and political interests. His autobiography, letters, diaries and political memoranda reflect a life lived at the centre of pivotal events, including the French and American Revolutions, and the founding of a new nation. Through them we discover the evolving relationships between the United States and the European powers, and the development of the American constitution and judicial system. Volume 9 contains a selection of documents showing the depth and range of Jefferson's diplomatic, political and scientific activities throughout his career, and an index to all the volumes.
History of the United States of America (1801–1817)
Authors: Adams Henry
Published: October 2011

Henry Adams (1838–1918), journalist, novelist, and historian, was the great-grandson of John Adams and grandson of John Quincy Adams, both presidents of the United States. A professor of medieval history at Harvard whose areas of research were wide-ranging, he was deeply interested in the evolution of democracy in the United States. While Adams is best remembered for his autobiography The Education of Henry Adams (1907), for which he was posthumously awarded a Pulitzer prize, his nine-volume history of the United States during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison (1801–17), which was published 1889–91, has been hailed as one of the greatest historical works in English. Adams was an advocate of scientific history, and this monumental work adheres to its principles, considering social trends and circumstances rather than focusing on particular events. Volume 2 continues the account of the first administration of Thomas Jefferson (1801–5).
History of the United States of America (1801–1817)
Authors: Adams Henry
Published: October 2011

Henry Adams (1838–1918), journalist, novelist, and historian, was the great-grandson of John Adams and grandson of John Quincy Adams, both presidents of the United States. A professor of medieval history at Harvard whose areas of research were wide-ranging, he was deeply interested in the evolution of democracy in the United States. While Adams is best remembered for his autobiography The Education of Henry Adams (1907), for which he was posthumously awarded a Pulitzer prize, his nine-volume history of the United States during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison (1801–17), which was published 1889–91, has been hailed as one of the greatest historical works in English. Adams was an advocate of scientific history, and this monumental work adheres to its principles, considering social trends and circumstances rather than focusing on particular events. Volume 4 continues the account of the second administration of Thomas Jefferson (1805–9).
The Western World; or, Travels in the United States in 1846–47
Authors: Mackay Alexander
Published: October 2011

Scottish-born Alexander Mackay (1808–52) spent much of his career as a journalist in North America. He was in Britain working for the Morning Chronicle when, in January 1846, he set sail again for the United States, this time to report on the debates over the Oregon question, relating to British and American claims to territory in the Pacific North-West. He spent several months in Washington, D.C. before travelling around the country as far south as the Mississippi, and west to the Great Lakes. This three-volume work, published in 1849, uses his journey to frame a general account of 'the political system, the social life, and the material progress of the Union'. Mackay observed a vibrant and prosperous country, and his work captures the energy of these boom years. Volume 2 focuses on political parties, slavery and railways, and describes Mackay's travels in Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana.
Visual DSD: a design and analysis tool for DNA strand displacement systems
Authors: Lakin Matthew R. , Youssef Simon , Polo Filippo , Emmott Stephen , Phillips Andrew
Published: October 2011

Summary: The Visual DSD (DNA Strand Displacement) tool allows rapid prototyping and analysis of computational devices implemented using DNA strand displacement, in a convenient web-based graphical interface. It is an implementation of the DSD programming language and compiler described by Lakin et al. (2011) with additional features such as support for polymers of unbounded length. It also supports stochastic and deterministic simulation, construction of continuous-time Markov chains and various export formats which allow models to be analysed using third-party tools.

Availability: Visual DSD is available as a web-based Silverlight application for most major browsers on Windows and Mac OS X at http://research.microsoft.com/dna. It can be installed locally for offline use. Command-line versions for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux are also available from the web page.

Contact:  aphillip@microsoft.com

Supplementary Information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sparse distance-based learning for simultaneous multiclass classification and feature selection of metagenomic data
Authors: Liu Zhenqiu , Hsiao William , Cantarel Brandi L. , Drábek Elliott Franco , Fraser-Liggett Claire
Published: October 2011

Motivation: Direct sequencing of microbes in human ecosystems (the human microbiome) has complemented single genome cultivation and sequencing to understand and explore the impact of commensal microbes on human health. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, the sophistication of data has outgrown available computational methods. While several existing machine learning methods have been adapted for analyzing microbiome data recently, there is not yet an efficient and dedicated algorithm available for multiclass classification of human microbiota.

Results: By combining instance-based and model-based learning, we propose a novel sparse distance-based learning method for simultaneous class prediction and feature (variable or taxa, which is used interchangeably) selection from multiple treatment populations on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence count data. Our proposed method simultaneously minimizes the intraclass distance and maximizes the interclass distance with many fewer estimated parameters than other methods. It is very efficient for problems with small sample sizes and unbalanced classes, which are common in metagenomic studies. We implemented this method in a MATLAB toolbox called MetaDistance. We also propose several approaches for data normalization and variance stabilization transformation in MetaDistance. We validate this method on several real and simulated 16S rRNA datasets to show that it outperforms existing methods for classifying metagenomic data. This article is the first to address simultaneous multifeature selection and class prediction with metagenomic count data.

Availability: The MATLAB toolbox is freely available online at http://metadistance.igs.umaryland.edu/.

Contact:  zliu@umm.edu

Supplementary Information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
miREnvironment Database: providing a bridge for microRNAs, environmental factors and phenotypes
Authors: Yang Qingqing , Qiu Chengxiang , Yang Jie , Wu Qing , Cui Qinghua
Published: October 2011

The interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors has critical roles in determining the phenotype of an organism. In recent years, a number of studies have reported that the dysfunctions on microRNA (miRNAs), environmental factors and their interactions have strong effects on phenotypes and even may result in abnormal phenotypes and diseases, whereas there has been no a database linking miRNAs, environmental factors and phenotypes. Such a resource platform is believed to be of great value in the understanding of miRNAs, environmental factors, especially drugs and diseases. In this study, we constructed the miREnvironment database, which contains a comprehensive collection and curation of experimentally supported interactions among miRNAs, environmental factors and phenotypes. The names of miRNAs, phenotypes, environmental factors, conditions of environmental factors, samples, species, evidence and references were further annotated. miREnvironment represents a biomedical resource for researches on miRNAs, environmental factors and diseases.

Availability:  http://cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn/miren.

Contact:  cuiqinghua@hsc.pku.edu.cn
MyBioNet: interactively visualize, edit and merge biological networks on the Web
Authors: Huang Donglin , Huang Yiling , Bai Youhuang , Chen Dijun , Hofestädt Ralf , Klukas Christian , Chen Ming
Published: October 2011

Summary: MyBioNet is a web-based application for biological network analysis, which provides user-friendly web interfaces to visualize, edit and merge biological networks. In addition, MyBioNet integrated KEGG metabolic network data from 1366 organisms and allows users to search and navigate interesting networks.

Availability and Implementation: All KEGG metabolic network data are organized and stored in the MySQL database. MyBioNet is implemented in Flex/Actionscript and PHP languages and deployed on an Apache web server. MyBioNet is accessible through all the Flash-embedded browsers at http://bis.zju.edu.cn/mybionet/.

Contact:mchen@zju.edu.cn
Salinisphaera orenii sp. nov., isolated from a solar saltern
Authors: Park Soo-Je , Cha In-Tae , Kim So-Jeong , Shin Kee-Sun , Hong YoungSoo , Roh Dong-Hyun , Rhee Sung-Keun
Published: October 2011

A taxonomic study was performed on two isolates, designated strains MK-B5Tand MK-B7, isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond in Gomso Bay, Republic of Korea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains MK-B5Tand MK-B7 belong to theGammaproteobacteriaand are related most closely toSalinisphaera shabanensisJCM 11575T( = E1L3AT) (96.3 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively),Salinisphaera dokdonensisKCCM 90064T( = CL-ES53T) (95.6 and 95.6 %) andSalinisphaera hydrothermalisJCM 115514T( = EPR70T) (95.1 and 95.3 %). The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains MK-B5Tand MK-B7 was 99.8 %. The G+C contents of their genomic DNAs were 63.4 and 63.6 mol%, respectively, and the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. DNA–DNA relatedness between strains MK-B5Tand MK-B7 was 98 %, indicating that the two isolates represent a single species. However, the level of DNA–DNA relatedness between the two isolates andS. shabanensisE1L3AT(26.4–30.8 %) indicates that they represent a novel species. Strains MK-B5Tand MK-B7 possessed C14 : 0, C16 : 0and C19 : 0ω8ccyclo as major fatty acids. The two isolates were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, short rod-shaped and motile. They grew at 10–40 °C (optimum, 35–37 °C), at pH 5.0–8.5 (optimum, 7.0–7.5) and with 5–25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15 % NaCl). On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strains MK-B5Tand MK-B7 are thus considered to represent a novel species of the genusSalinisphaera, for which the nameSalinisphaera oreniisp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MK-B5T( = KCTC 23198T = JCM 17073T).
Sphingobacterium nematocida sp. nov., a nematicidal endophytic bacterium isolated from tobacco
Authors: Liu Jie , Yang Ling-Ling , Xu Chuan-Kun , Xi Jia-Qin , Yang Fa-Xiang , Zhou Feng , Zhou Yu , Mo Ming-He , Li Wen-Jun
Published: October 2011

A novel Gram-negative strain, designated M-SX103T, was isolated from a fresh leaf of Nicotiana tabacum Linn. collected at Yuxi City, Yunnan province, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Growth occurred at 10–40 °C, at pH 6.0–9.0 and with 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids of strain M-SX103T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate belongs to the genus

Sphingobacterium

, sharing 95.4–89.7 % sequence similarity with type strains of members of the genus

Sphingobacterium

; it was most closely related to

Sphingobacterium composti

T5-12T. On the basis of the taxonomic evidence, a novel species, Sphingobacterium nematocida sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is M-SX103T ( = JCM 17339T = CCTCC AB 2010390T).
Psychroflexus halocasei sp. nov., isolated from a microbial consortium on a cheese
Authors: Seiler Herbert , Bleicher Anne , Busse Hans-Jürgen , Hüfner Josef , Scherer Siegfried
Published: October 2011

A novel halophilic, Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterial strain, designated WCC 4520T, was isolated from a semi-hard, Raclette-type cheese. The colonies were yellow–orange; flexirubin-type pigments were not found. The strain hydrolysed gelatin, hippurate, tyrosine and Tweens 20 and 80. Optimal growth was observed with 6–8 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7–8 and at 27–30 °C. The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.6 mol%. In phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain WCC 4520T appeared to be a member of the family

Flavobacteriaceae

and the closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as

Psychroflexus gondwanensis

DSM 5423T (94.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and

Psychroflexus salinarum

CCUG 56752T (94.0 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The only detected quinone was MK-6 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified polar lipid. Minor polar lipids and traces of polyamines were also detected. On the basis of the data presented, strain WCC 4520T represents a novel species of the genus

Psychroflexus

, for which the name Psychroflexus halocasei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WCC 4520T ( = LMG 25857T = CCUG 59705T).
Reclassification of the three species of the genus

Krokinobacter

into the genus

Dokdonia

as Dokdonia genika comb. nov., Dokdonia diaphoros comb. nov. and Dokdonia eikasta comb. nov., and emended description of the genus

Dokdonia

Yoon et al. 2005
Authors: Yoon Jung-Hoon , Kang So-Jung , Park Sooyeon , Oh Tae-Kwang
Published: October 2011

The genera

Dokdonia

and

Krokinobacter

, members of the family

Flavobacteriaceae

in the phylum

Bacteroidetes

, were found to be phylogenetically closely related from the result of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.

Dokdonia donghaensis

DSW-1T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 99.3, 98.1 and 98.1 % to

Krokinobacter genikus

Cos-13T,

Krokinobacter diaphorus

MSKK-32T and

Krokinobacter eikastus

PMA-26T, respectively. A taxonomic study of

D. donghaensis

DSW-1T,

K. genikus

CIP 108744T,

K. diaphorus

CIP 108745T and

K. eikastus

CIP 108743T was conducted using a polyphasic approach. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) in the four strains were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and their overall fatty acid profiles were essentially similar. The predominant menaquinone found in the type strains of the three species of the genus

Krokinobacter

was MK-6, in line with the genus

Dokdonia

. The polar lipid profiles of the type strains of the three species of the genus

Krokinobacter

were similar to that of

D. donghaensis

DSW-1T in that phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid were the major polar lipids. In addition, one unidentified aminophospholipid was also present as a major polar lipid in

K. diaphorus

CIP 108745T and

K. eikastus

CIP 108743T.

D. donghaensis

DSW-1T was distinguishable from

K. genikus

CIP 108744T,

K. diaphorus

CIP 108745T and

K. eikastus

CIP 108743T by genetic relatedness and differential phenotypic properties. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that

K. genikus

,

K. diaphorus

and

K. eikastus

be reclassified into the genus

Dokdonia

as Dokdonia
genika comb. nov. (type strain is Cos-13T = NBRC 100811T = CIP 108744T), Dokdonia
diaphoros comb. nov. (type strain is MSKK-32T = NBRC 100817T = CIP 108745T), and Dokdonia
eikasta comb. nov. (type strain is PMA-26T = NBRC 100814T = CIP 108743T), respectively. An emended description of the genus

Dokdonia

is also presented.
Streptomyces herbaceus sp. nov., Streptomyces incanus sp. nov. and Streptomyces pratens sp. nov., isolated from the soil of a hay meadow
Authors: Kim Byung-Yong , Rong Xiaoying , Zucchi Tiago D. , Bonda Avinash N. V. , Huang Ying , Goodfellow Michael
Published: October 2011

The taxonomic positions of three streptomycetes isolated from a soil sample from a hay meadow were determined using a polyphasic approach. The isolates had chemical and morphological properties typical of the genus

Streptomyces

and, in phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, formed a distinct subclade that was most closely related to the

Streptomyces prasinus

subclade. DNA–DNA relatedness studies showed that the novel strains belonged to three different genomic species. The novel strains could be distinguished from one another and from the type strains of the species classified in the

S. prasinus

subclade using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic properties. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that the novel strains be assigned to the genus

Streptomyces

as Streptomyces herbaceus sp. nov., Streptomyces incanus sp. nov. and Streptomyces pratens sp. nov., with BK119T ( = KACC 21001T  = CGMCC 4.5797T), BK128T ( = KACC 21002T  = CGMCC 4.5799T) and BK138T ( = KACC 20904T  = CGMCC 4.5800T) as the respective type strains.
Roseivivax sediminis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from salt mine sediment
Authors: Xiao Wei , Wang Yong-Xia , Liu Ji-Hui , Wang Zhi-Gang , Zhang Xiao-Xia , Ji Kai-Yan , Lai Yong-Hong , Wen Meng-Liang , Cui Xiao-Long
Published: October 2011

A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, short rod-shaped, heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain YIM D21T, was isolated from a salt mine in Yunnan province, south-west China. Strain YIM D21T formed cream–yellow colonies, was non-motile and moderately halophilic, and tolerated NaCl concentrations of 1–15 % (w/v), with optimum growth at 5–10 % (w/v). Growth occurred at 15–42 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at pH 6.5–8.5 (optimum 7.5–8.0). The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, three unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c and cyclo C19 : 0ω8c and the DNA G+C content was 67.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain YIM D21T belongs to the genus

Roseivivax

. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of YIM D21T were 95.7, 95.0 and 94.8 % with the type strains of

Roseivivax halodurans

,

Roseivivax lentus

and

Roseivivax halotolerans

, respectively. Physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain YIM D21T from closely related species with validly published names. We therefore propose that this isolate represents a novel species, Roseivivax sediminis sp. nov.; the type strain is YIM D21T ( = KCTC 23444T = ACCC 10710T).
The Chloroplast-Localized Phospholipases D α4 and α5 Regulate Herbivore-Induced Direct and Indirect Defenses in Rice
Authors: Qi Jinfeng , Zhou Guoxin , Yang Lijuan , Erb Matthias , Lu Yanhua , Sun Xiaoling , Cheng Jiaan , Lou Yonggen
Published: October 2011

The oxylipin pathway is of central importance for plant defensive responses. Yet, the first step of the pathway, the liberation of linolenic acid following induction, is poorly understood. Phospholipases D (PLDs) have been hypothesized to mediate this process, but data from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) regarding the role of PLDs in plant resistance have remained controversial. Here, we cloned two chloroplast-localized PLD genes from rice (Oryza sativa), OsPLDα4 and OsPLDα5, both of which were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis, mechanical wounding, and treatment with jasmonic acid (JA). Antisense expression of OsPLDα4 and -α5 (as-pld), which resulted in a 50% reduction of the expression of the two genes, reduced elicited levels of linolenic acid, JA, green leaf volatiles, and ethylene and attenuated the SSB-induced expression of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (OsMPK3), a lipoxygenase (OsHI-LOX), a hydroperoxide lyase (OsHPL3), as well as a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (OsACS2). The impaired oxylipin and ethylene signaling in as-pld plants decreased the levels of herbivore-induced trypsin protease inhibitors and volatiles, improved the performance of SSB and the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, and reduced the attractiveness of plants to a larval parasitoid of SSB, Apanteles chilonis. The production of trypsin protease inhibitors in as-pld plants could be partially restored by JA, while the resistance to rice brown planthopper and SSB was restored by green leaf volatile application. Our results show that phospholipases function as important components of herbivore-induced direct and indirect defenses in rice.
The ArabidopsisRETARDED ROOT GROWTHGene Encodes a Mitochondria-Localized Protein That Is Required for Cell Division in the Root Meristem
Authors: Zhou Xiaojing , Li Qiang , Chen Xun , Liu Jianping , Zhang Qinghua , Liu Yajie , Liu Kede , Xu Jian
Published: October 2011

To develop a growing root, cell division in the root meristem has to be properly regulated in order to generate or propagate new cells. How cell division is regulated in the root meristem remains largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) RETARDED ROOT GROWTH (RRG) gene that plays a role in the regulation of root meristem cell division. In the root, RRG is predominantly expressed in the root meristem. Disruption of RRG function reduced numbers of dividing cells, the rate of cell production, and endoreduplication, and thus affected meristem size and root growth. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and marker-assisted analyses revealed that expression levels of several cell cycle genes were decreased in the mutant roots, indicating a defect in cell cycle progression. Mutations in RRG, however, did not affect the expression of key root-patterning genes and an auxin-responsive marker, suggesting that RRG is not essential for root patterning and auxin signaling. RRG is a mitochondria-localized protein conserved in plants and shares a DUF155 domain with proteins related to cell division in yeast, and rrg mutants displayed extensive vacuolization in mitochondria. We propose that Arabidopsis RRG is a conserved mitochondrial protein required for cell division in the root meristem.
Actin in Mung Bean Mitochondria and Implications for Its Function
Authors: Lo Yih-Shan , Cheng Ning , Hsiao Lin-June , Annamalai Arunachalam , Jauh Guang-Yuh , Wen Tuan-Nan , Dai Hwa , Chiang Kwen-Sheng
Published: October 2011

Here, a large fraction of plant mitochondrial actin was found to be resistant to protease and high-salt treatments, suggesting it was protected by mitochondrial membranes. A portion of this actin became sensitive to protease or high-salt treatment after removal of the mitochondrial outer membrane, indicating that some actin is located inside the mitochondrial outer membrane. The import of an actin–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein into the mitochondria in a transgenic plant, actin:GFP, was visualized in living cells and demonstrated by flow cytometry and immunoblot analyses. Polymerized actin was found in mitochondria of actin:GFP plants and in mung bean (Vigna radiata). Notably, actin associated with mitochondria purified from early-developing cotyledons during seed germination was sensitive to high-salt and protease treatments. With cotyledon ageing, mitochondrial actin became more resistant to both treatments. The progressive import of actin into cotyledon mitochondria appeared to occur in concert with the conversion of quiescent mitochondria into active forms during seed germination. The binding of actin to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was demonstrated by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Porin and ADP/ATP carrier proteins were also found in mtDNA-protein complexes. Treatment with an actin depolymerization reagent reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and triggered the release of cytochrome C. The potential function of mitochondrial actin and a possible actin import pathway are discussed.
Leadership behavior‐in‐context: an antidote to leadership hype
Authors: Walton Michael
Published: October 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to outline three ways in which a leader's behavior‐in‐context can be examined. As such it moves away from an emphasis on a leader's “performance and personality” and focuses on underlying contextual features which can lead to success or failure.

Design/method/approach

The paper examines some of the possible bases for dysfunctional leadership and concludes that such counter‐productive behavior may be contextually determined. Three ways of looking at executive behavior‐in‐context are used to highlight the need to look beyond a leader's style in order to assess their organizational achievements.

Findings

Any assessment of a leader's performance should be based on their behavior‐in‐context.

Practical implications

The paper offers ways in which executive appointments, succession decisions and performance appraisal can be enhanced by taking a closer and more nuanced assessment of the behavior of leaders.

Originality/value

The paper brings together three ways of re‐viewing leadership misbehavior and offers an alternative to an over focus on the personality of the leader as the core basis for success or failure.
Engagement and talent management of Gen Y
Authors: Weyland Anita
Published: October 2011

Purpose

This article aims to underline that Generation Y have specific traits, needs and expectations and that it is vital that organizations understand these when looking to engage and support them and support in their development.

Design/methodology/approach

The article deals with defining who Generation Y are – how they behave and what motivates them. Based on these insights, it then explores what this means for an organization's culture, its working environment, the learning and development methods it deploys plus its overall management and especially its leadership.

Findings

The paper explains how understanding what motivates Generation Y and accommodating this does not require huge amounts of extra effort, just a different way of thinking and will increase their performance within companies and ultimately corporate success.

Originality/value

Engaging and developing Generation Y employees may seem like an onerous task. The paper shows that it is not about pandering to them but about eliminating blocks so that they can deliver the business of the future.
Value of blended learning in university and the workplace: some experiences of university students
Authors: Fearon Colm , Starr Simon , McLaughlin Heather
Published: October 2011

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to explore student views of blended learning in a university setting based on the use of audio lectures, seminars, discussion boards and wikis.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 14 seminar (focus) groups consisting of approximately 20 students each, over a two year period, provided qualitative views of how students believed blended learning would be useful for their degree and future careers.

Findings

Students found the blended learning approach very flexible and preferable in many cases to traditional face‐to‐face learning. Key themes in terms of emerging benefit themes included: flexibility and support; motivation and sharing ideas; class interaction and explanation of ideas; better than pure eLearning; communicating and teamwork; developing project leadership skills.

Research implications/limitations

This exploratory study of university students is important because they are aware of the value of blended learning and transferable skills for the workplace. The research is limited because it is qualitative, yet it still provides a useful insight into the benefits and value of blended learning from the student perspective.

Originality/value

There is a paucity of qualitative research on the benefits of blended learning and this paper examines the value of the overall approach for university students and the workplace.
Redundancy and workplace occupation: the case of the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Cullinane Niall , Dundon Tony
Published: October 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the antecedent influences and merits of workplace occupations as a tactical response to employer redundancy initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach

The data are based on analysis of secondary documentary material reporting on three workplace occupations in the Republic of Ireland during 2009.

Findings

Perceptions of both procedural (e.g. employer unilateral action) and substantive (e.g. pay and entitlements) justice appear pivotal influences. Spillover effects from other known occupations may also be influential. Workplace occupations were found to produce some modest substantive gains, such as enhancing redundancy payments. The tactic of workplace occupation was also found to transform unilateral employer action into scenarios based upon negotiated settlement supported by third‐party mediation. However the tactic of workplace occupation in response to redundancy runs the risks of potential judicial injunction and sanction.

Research limitations/implications

Although operationally difficult, future studies should strive to collect primary data workplace occupations as they occur.

Originality/value

The paper identifies conditions conducive to the genesis of workplace occupations and the extent to which the tactic may be of benefit in particular circumstances to workers facing redundancy. It also contextualises the tactic in relation to both collective mobilisation and bargaining theories in employment relations.
Financial system stress and unemployment in industrial countries
Authors: Feldmann Horst
Published: October 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze how financial system turmoil affected unemployment in industrial countries during the period 1982 to 2003.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses annual data on 17 industrial countries. It employs the International Monetary Fund's financial stress index and a large number of controls.

Findings

The paper finds that, during the sample period, financial market turmoil had only moderate adverse effects on unemployment. Stress in the banking sector and stress in foreign exchange markets were particularly likely to increase unemployment, although the relevant effects were modest too. Turmoil in securities markets affected unemployment only slightly. The results are robust to variations in specification.

Originality/value

While previous papers only look at a small number of banking crises, this paper's sample includes crises in all major areas of the financial sector. Furthermore, whereas previous papers cover only major crises, it additionally takes both minor crises and periods of relative calm into account. Finally, this paper is the first to statistically control for the impact of all major determinants of labor market performance.
Relative price variability and the Phillips Curve: evidence from Turkey
Authors: Nazif Çatik A. , Martin Christopher , Özlem Onder A.
Published: October 2011

Purpose

Using data from Turkey, this paper seeks to investigate whether relative price changes can help to explain the Phillips Curve relationship between inflation and output.

Design/methodology/approach

Building on work by Ball and Mankiw, the paper includes measures of the variance and skews of relative price adjustment in an otherwise standard model of the Phillips Curve. It employs a bounds‐testing approach based on an ARDL model to establish long‐run relationships. It then uses error correction models to analyze short‐run dynamics.

Findings

No evidence was found for a long‐run relationship between inflation and output. However, a long‐run relationship is in fact found, once the variance and skew of relative price changes are included as regressors. The error correction model implies plausible short‐term dynamics in this case.

Originality/value

This paper combines two distinct literatures, on the Phillips Curve and on the distribution of relative price changes, showing that insights from the latter can be essential in constructing coherent models of the Philips Curve.