bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic HJURP is driven by P53/ E2F1/FOXM1-axis regulated enhancer and potentiates TNBC proliferation and invasion
Authors: jia yunlu , Chen Yongxia , Chen Ming , Zhou Jianbiao , Chng Wee-Joo , Xie Mixue , Jiang Qi , Xiong Hanchu , Ruan Jian , Wang Linbo , Shen Peng
Published: January 2023

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor outcomes and lacks effective targeted therapies. We utilized the epigenomic landscape, TCGA database and clinical samples to show the activation of HJURP in TNBC, which is associated with poor prognosis, metastasis, and advanced stage. RNA-seq analysis of HJURP silencing induced malignant phenotypes-related transcriptional signatures of TNBC. Specifically, knock-down of HJURP suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT progress, and induced apoptosis of TNBC. Analysis of publicly available data sets revealed that HJURP is elevated in mutP53 vs. wtP53 breast cancer cells. Inactivation of wild type P53, by loss or mutation of wtP53, increased HJURP expression, whereas accumulation of wild-type P53 reduced HJURP promoter activity and HJURP transcription. We found the activation of HJURP in TNBC was driven by the mutant P53-regulated enhancer instead of genetic alteration. P53 positively regulated the expression of transcription factor FOXM1 and E2F1, and the FOXM1/E2F1/H3K27ac complex preferentially occupied the HJURP-enhancer and regulated HJURP transcription by binding to the active elements. CRISPR interference of enhancer structure or specific disruption of enhancer complex inhibited HJURP transcription and phenocopied HJURP silencing, leading to impaired E2F1, FOXM1 and H3K27ac binding affinity. Consistent with this result, knock-down of FOXM1 or E2F1 reduced HJURP expression in TNBC cells containing mutant alleles of P53 gene. Lastly, we uncovered marked decreases in survival of breast cancer patients expressing high HJURP levels carrying wtP53. Our findings identify enhancer-driven HJURP as a molecular bypass that suppresses the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects exerted by wtP53. Targeting HJURP allows for effective suppression of tumor invasion and attenuating metastasis in P53-mutant TNBC.
Segmentation of Lung Lobes and Lesions in Chest CT for the Classification of COVID-19 Severity
Authors: Khomduean Prachaya , Phuaudomcharoen Pongpat , Boonchu Totsaporn , Taetragool Unchalisa , Chamchoy Kamonwan , Wimolsiri Nat , Jarrusrojwuttikul Tanadul , Chuajak Ammarut , Techavipoo Udomchai , Tweeatsani Numfon
Published: January 2023

To precisely determine the severity of COVID-19-related pneumonia, computed tomography (CT) is an imaging modality beneficial for patient monitoring and therapy planning. Thus, we aimed to develop a deep learning-based image segmentation model to automatically assess lung lesions related to COVID-19 infection and calculate the total severity score (TSS). The entire dataset consists of 100 COVID-19 patients acquired from Chulabhorn Hospital, divided into 25 cases without lung lesions and 75 cases with lung lesions categorized severity by radiologists regarding TSS. The model combines a 3D-UNet with pre-trained DenseNet and ResNet models for lung lobe segmentation and calculation of the percentage of lung involvement related to COVID-19 infection as well as TSS measured by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Our final model, consisting of 3D-UNet integrated with DenseNet169, achieved segmentation of lung lobes and lesions with Dice similarity coefficients of 0.929 and 0.842, respectively. The calculated TSSs are similar to those evaluated by radiologists, with an R2 of 0.833. The correlation between the ground-truth TSS and model prediction was greater than that of the radiologist, which was 0.993 and 0.836, respectively.
Intelligent Assembly Method of The Profiled Thermal Battery Pack Based on Improved DE Algorithm
Authors: He Lin , Zhou Yingyu , Zhong Jiangchuan , Liu Dan
Published: January 2023

An intelligent assembly method was designed to realize the intelligent assembly of the profiled thermal battery pack and improve its assembly accuracy. Firstly, for the number and size of different monomer batteries vary, this paper takes the monomer battery thermal battery assembly as the object, with a common shape circle assembly screw arrangement and an established process model. Then, the assembly also has an improved differential evolution algorithm for assembly arrangement and process, on the number, location, tightening of the screw assembly, torque, and the order of solution. According to this scheme, the assembly and the flatness test were carried out. Results showed that the bottom plate of the assembly frame was “concave in the middle and warped around,” and the flatness error was large. The scheme was optimized by numerical simulation analysis. After optimization, the average offset of the floor plane was 0.04 mm, the offset accounted for 0.028% of the overall height, the maximum offset was 0.094 mm, and the offset was reduced by 0.312%.
Differences in carbon sink capacity and carbon storage of several typical modified tidal wetlands in the Yangtze River Estuary
Authors: Jialu Zhang , Haoyu Dong , Lupei Wang , Liwei Qian , Daming Lv , Weiguo Tao , Xiaofeng Qian , Xiaohua Fu , Lei Wang
Published: January 2023

Although tidal wetlands in the Yangtze River Estuary are important carbon sinks, some are modified by different engineering measures to protect beaches, prevent corrosion, and promote tidal flat siltation. Nevertheless, some basic characteristics of these modified wetlands are still retained for their ecological service functions. Elucidation of the differences in carbon sink capacity and carbon storage of different types of modified tidal wetlands and the underlying reasons can provide theoretical guidance and a scientific basis for the protection and rational utilization of tidal wetlands, so as to maintain and enhance their carbon sink capacity. In this study, five typical modified tidal wetlands in the Yangtze River Estuary, namely, enclosure coastal wetland with Spartina alterniflora (ECS), enclosure coastal wetland with Phragmites communis (ECP), siltation coastal wetland with S. alterniflora (SCS), rock rip-rap riverside wetland with P. communis (RRP), and reclamation riverside wetland with P. communis (ReRP), were selected as study zones, and their carbon sink capacity and carbon storage were evaluated by analyzing soil organic carbon density, plant carbon fixation, and soil CO2 emissions. The possible reasons for the differences among these modified wetlands were considered based on elevation, average waterlogging time, tidal salt content, and vegetation types. The results showed that all the modified wetlands were net carbon sinks, with SCS exhibiting the highest carbon sink capacity (8.34–8.52 kg CO2 m− 2 year− 1), reaching the level of natural wetland, owing to its higher plant biomass and lower soil respiration intensity, followed by ReRP (2.68–3.15 kg CO2 m− 2 year− 1), ECP (2.56–3.37 kg CO2 m− 2 year− 1), RRP (2.94–3.04 kg CO2 m− 2 year− 1), and ECS (1.24–1.86 kg CO2 m− 2 year− 1). ReRP (26.89–27.82 kg CO2 m− 2) with long carbon accumulation history and SCS (24.57–28.6 kg CO2 m− 2) with high annual carbon sink capacity presented higher carbon storage (< 40 cm), followed by RRP (22.52–24.97 kg CO2 m− 2), ECP (16.14–18.18 kg CO2 m− 2), and ECS (5.74–6.70 kg CO2 m− 2). The difference in waterlogging time caused by diverse elevation, salinity, and vegetation types significantly affected soil respiration and plant carbon fixation, thus impacting CO2 emission and carbon sink capacity of different modified tidal wetlands. `
Robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty is not associated with serious invasiveness
Authors: Ma Mingyang , Zhang Shuai , Cao Zheng , Yi Jiafeng , Kong Xiangpeng , Chai Wei
Published: January 2023

Background: Robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty (R-THA) is increasingly being performed throughout the world. The invasiveness of this operation is unknown.
Methods: Data from patients who received primary R-THA or manual THA (M-THA) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head between January 2020 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 3, we compared the platelet (PLT), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil rate, lymphocyte rate, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), delta hemoglobin drop (delta Hb),creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels between the groups. Age, gender, the pre- and post-operative Harris Hip Score (HHS), operating time, transfusion rate, the post-operative Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and 12-week postoperative complications rate were all recorded.
Results: The PLT count was significantly lower, and the lymphocyte rate was significantly higher on the postoperative day 1, in the R-THA than M-THA group (both p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the other serum markers between the groups on postoperative day 1 and 3 (p > 0.05). The operating time was significantly longer in the R-THA than M-THA group (p < 0.01). The FJS was significantly higher in the R-THA than M-THA group (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the postoperative HHS or complication rate between the groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The R-THA is not associated with a serious invasiveness compared to M-THA, despite with longer operating time. Patients who underwent R-THA had a better early function compared to those who underwent M-THA.
Biochemical and structural characterisation of a family GH5 cellulase from endosymbiont of shipworm P. megotara
Authors: Junghare Madan , Manavalan Tamilvendan , Fredriksen Lasse , Leiros Ingar , Altermark Bjørn , Eijsink Vincent G.H. , Vaaje-Kolstad Gustav
Published: January 2023

Background
Cellulases play a key role in enzymatic conversion of plant cell-wall polysaccharides into simple and economically relevant sugars. The discovery of novel cellulases from exotic biological niches is of interest as they may present properties that are valuable in biorefining of lignocellulose.
Results
We have characterized a glycoside hydrolase 5 (GH5) domain of a bi-catalytic GH5-GH6 multidomain enzyme from the unusual bacterial endosymbiont Teredinibacter waterbury of the wood-digesting shipworm Psiloteredo megotara. The cellulase enzyme, TwCel5, was produced with and without a native C-terminal family 10 carbohydrate-binding module belongs to GH5, subfamily 2. Both variants showed hydrolytic endo-activity on soluble substrates such as, β-glucan, carboxymethylcellulose and konjac glucomannan. However, low activity was observed towards crystalline form of cellulose. Interestingly, when co-incubated with a cellulose active LPMO, a clear synergy was observed that boosted hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose. The crystal structure of the GH5 catalytic domain was solved to 1.0 Å resolution and revealed a substrate binding cleft containing a putative +3 subsite, which is uncommon in this enzyme family. The enzyme TwCel5 was active in a wide range of pH and temperatures and showed high tolerance for NaCl.
Conclusions
This study provides an important advance on discovery new enzymes from shipworm and shed new light on biochemical and structural characterization of cellulolytic cellulase and showed boost in hydrolytic activity of cellulase on crystalline cellulose when co-incubated with cellulose active LPMO. These findings will be relevant for the development of future enzyme cocktail that may be useful for the biotechnological conversion of lignocellulose.
District Nurses’ Experiences with Involuntary Treatment in Dementia Care at Home: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Moermans Vincent R.A. , Hamers Jan P.H. , Verbeek Hilde , de Casterlé Bernadette Dierckx , Milisen Koen , Bleijlevens Michel H.C.
Published: January 2023

Background
Research shows that half of the persons living with dementia (PLWD) receive care which they resist and/or have not given consent to, defined as involuntary treatment. District nurses play a key role in providing this care. Knowledge about how district nurses experience involuntary treatment is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the experiences of district nurses who used involuntary treatment to PLWD at home.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews. Sixteen district nurses with experience in involuntary treatment for PLWD were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven.
Results
District nurses’ experience with involuntary treatment were influenced by their involvement in the decision-making process. When they were involved, they considered involuntary treatment use to be appropriate care. However, at the moment that involuntary treatment use was started, district nurses were worried that its use was unjust since they wished to respect the wishes of the PLWD. Eventually district nurses found from a professional perspective that involuntary treatment use was necessary, and that safety outweighed the autonomy of the PLWD. District nurses experienced dealing with this dilemma’s as stressful, due to conflicting values. If district nurses were not involved in the decision-making process regarding the use of involuntary treatment, family caregivers generally decided on the use. Often district nurses perceived this request as inappropriate dementia care and they first tried to create a dialogue with them to reach a compromise. However, in most cases, family caregivers stood by their request and the district nurse still provided involuntary treatment and found this difficult to tolerate.
Conclusions
Our results show that district nurses experience involuntary treatment use as stressful due to dealing with obverse values of safety versus autonomy. To prevent involuntary treatment use and obverse values, we need to increase their ethical awareness, communication skills, knowledge and skills with person-centered care so they can deal with situations that can evolve into involuntary treatment use in a person-centered manner.
Tracking tumor alteration in glioma through serum fibroblast activation protein combined with image
Authors: Yang Xiao-song , zhu Peng , Xie Rong-Xing , Chen Peng-fei , Liu Hong , Cheng Xiao-Man , Zhu Zheng-Quan , Peng Xiao-min , Liu Hai-bin , Yang Qun-Ying , Li Jun-Qi , Zhang Ji
Published: January 2023

Purpose Detecting tumor progression remains difficult in patients with glioma. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in gliomas has been showed to promote tumor progression. Glioma-circulating biomarkers have not yet been used in clinical practice. This study seeks to evaluate the feasibility of glioma detection using a serum FAP marker.
Methods We adopted enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) to determine serum FAP level in 87 gliomas. The relationship between preoperative serum FAP levels and postoperative pathology, as well as molecular pathology was investigated. Serial FAP tests were performed in 33 malignant gliomas to see if they could track the disease when compared to image findings. Immunohistochemistry was performed on four gliomas using a FAP-specific antibody to confirm FAP expression in tumors. Therelationship between tumor burden as determined by volumetric analysis and serum FAP level was investigated.
Results Serum FAP was significantly elevated in a large proportion of gliomas, was closely related to histopathology and molecular pathology, and longitudinally fluctuated and varied with the disease stage. The significant increase in serum FAP was associated with tumor progression and/or worsening symptoms.
Conclusions Serum FAP can be used to detect the disease as a biomarker. Its detection in conjunction with MR imaging may allow for more precise and immediate diagnosis.
Robotic endoscope with double-balloon and double-bend tube for colonoscopy
Authors: Takamatsu Toshihiro , Endo Yuto , Fukushima Ryodai , Yasue Tatsuki , Shinmura Kensuke , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Takemura Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

The insertion of conventional colonoscopes can result in the patient experiencing pain during the procedure owing to the stretching of the mesentery. In this study, a prototype of a robotic colonoscope with a double-balloon and double-bend tube based on the conventional double-balloon endoscope was developed to simplify insertion and prevent the overstretching of the colon. The outer and inner tubes were confirmed to be free from interference owing to wires and sheaths. Additionally, each function such as tip bending, inflation and deflation of the balloons, and pulling and pushing of the inner tube by the actuator could be operated properly. During the insertion test, the device could be reached the cecum of a colon model in approximately 442 s when operated by a non-medical operator. In addition, the device did not overstretch the colon model, thereby suggesting that the insertion mechanism can follow the shape of the colon model. Therefore, the developed mechanism can potentially pass through the highly-bent colon without overstretching.
Improving Efficiency of Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells by Constructing Semitransparent Microcavity
Authors: Milani Elmira Annabi , Piralaee Mina , Asgari Asghar
Published: January 2023

Semitransparent organic solar cells have become attractive recently because of their photon harvesting in the near-infrared and ultraviolet range and passing in the visible light region. Semitransparent organic solar cells with Glass/MoO3/Ag/MoO3/PBDB-T:ITIC/TiO2/Ag/PML/1DPCs structure have been studied in this work and the effects microcavity with 1-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) on the solar cell performance such as the power conversion efficiency, the average visible transmittance, and the color coordinates in the CIE color space are investigated. The drift-diffusion model, including the density of exactions, and their displacement is used to model the devices. The model shows that the presence of microcavity can improve the power conversion efficiency by about %17 in comparison with the absence of microcavity. Although the transmission is decreasing slightly using microcavity does not change the color coordinates much and the device can transmit high-quality light with near-white sensation to the human eye.
Elastic white radish-based cellulose aerogel for efficient oil-water separation
Authors: Fan Yuzhe , Lu Bingyao , Chen Weiliang , Zhang Xutao , Li Xiangqi
Published: January 2023

The selective adsorption materials are critical for solving the pollution problem caused by oil spills. In this study, a novel white radish-based cellulose aerogel is developed for efficient oil-water separation via a two-step hydrothermal treatment combined with subsequent freeze-drying and hydrophobic modification. The effects of different hydrothermal process on the adsorption capacity and recyclability of aerogels are studied. The results show that the aerogel prepared from white radish has high adsorption capacity (40–101 g/g) for various organic solvents and oil. Owing to the fact that the original parallel structure of cellulose fibers in white radish was inherited, the aerogel exhibits excellent elasticity and can be reused by squeezing-absorbing cycle. In addition, the high hydrophobicity (water contact angle of 142 °) endows the aerogel with a high separation efficiency of 96% to chloroform -water mixture. This environmentally friendly low-cost biomass aerogel is promising for efficient oil-water separation.
Managed music improves the behavior and leukocyte population of dairy cattle.
Authors: Contreras Geraldine , Molina-Barrios Ramón , Hernández-Chavez Juan F. , Quiroz Carlos Abraham Diaz
Published: January 2023

Objective
To evaluate the effects of music in dairy cattle as a function of leukocyte population and voluntary entry into the milking parlor to reduce animal stress.
Methods
The hypothesis to be tested is that the application of music to dairy cattle produces a significant change in the leukocyte counts and voluntary entry into the milking room and trap. An experimental design ABAB was employed, consisting of sessions with and without music within the milking system and management traps of 15 Holstein cattle over a 14-day period. At the end of each period, blood samples were taken for leukocyte analysis. To evaluate the behavior, their voluntary progress to the management traps and milking system was timed. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for related samples with a 95% confidence interval.
Results
When music was played, dairy cattle voluntarily approached the milking system and traps (A1B1 and A2B2, p = 0.000). At the same time, the leukogram showed a significant difference in total leukocyte (P < 0.05) due to increase in lymphocyte concentration.
Conclusion
The hypothesis was verified: the use of music in dairy cattle produces a significant effect on the tested variables.
Faecalibacterium duncaniae A2-165 regulates the expression of butyrate synthesis, ferrous iron uptake, and stress-response genes based on acetate level in early-stationary cultures.
Authors: Verstraeten Sophie , Layec Séverine , Auger Sandrine , Juste Catherine , Henry Céline , Charif Sawiya , Jaszczyszyn Yan , Sokol Harry , Beney Laurent , Langella Philippe , Thomas Muriel , Huillet Eugénie
Published: January 2023

Background

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a promising next-generation probiotic, is one of the most abundant acetate-consuming, butyrate-producing bacteria in the healthy human gut. However, little is known about the gene expression strategies used by this bacterium to adapt to the availability of acetate in the human gut.

Result

We first established a growth model of F. duncaniae A2-165 (previously known as F. prausnitzii A2-165) using batch cultures, under high- and low-acetate conditions. Over late exponential and early stationary phases, the bacteria displayed a growth deficiency and a low butyrate production in low- compared with high-acetate conditions. Using RNA-seq, we compared expression patterns between early stationary and late exponential phases in high- and low-acetate conditions and between high- and low-acetate conditions in the early stationary phase. Functional classification of the low-acetate transcriptome revealed the specific activation of a general stress response, including upregulation of chaperones, toxin-antitoxin type II systems and downregulation of numerous protein synthesis genes. We observed two distinct import system transcriptomes, under low and high-acetate conditions, suggesting major adaptation responses to nutrient-deprived conditions of the early-stationary growth phase. Specifically, in high-acetate conditions, the feoAABC operon encoding one FeoB ferrous iron transporter was strongly activated but not the feoAB gene encoding the second FeoB transporter of F. duncaniae A2-165. This strong activation in early-stationary phase under high-acetate conditions suggested that (i) the level of extracellular ferrous iron is low (ii) FeoAABC system is required for ferrous iron uptake, in this iron-poor environment. Using RT-PCR, we demonstrated that excess ferrous iron represses feoB expression (i.e feoAABC operon) but not feoAB expression in high-acetate conditions. Finally, we conducted an integrated analysis of a healthy human fecal metaproteome, in which we were able to detect FeoB peptides from both genus Faecalibacterium and strain A2-165.

Conclusion

We characterized two early-stationary lifestyles of F. duncaniae A2-165 at the transcriptional level, related to acetate consumption and butyrate production. We characterized the regulation of feoAABC operon encoding an high-affinity ferrous iron transporter that may play a major role in iron homeostasis and butyrate synthesis in iron-poor and acetate-rich conditions in F. duncaniae A2-165.
Lights Should Support Circadian Rhythms: Evidence-Based Scientific Consensus
Authors: Moore-Ede Martin , Blask David E. , Cain Sean W. , Heitmann Anneke , Nelson Randy J.
Published: January 2023

For over a hundred years, the lighting industry has primarily been driven by illumination aesthetics, energy efficiency and product cost with little consideration of the effects of light on health. The recent widespread replacement of traditional light sources by blue-enriched LED lights has heightened concerns about the disruption of the blue-sensitive human circadian system by these LED lights and their impact on the multiple health disorders linked to circadian disruption. Despite these health concerns, less than 0.5% of the lighting sold today modifies spectral content and intensity between day and night. We report that 248 scientists, with a total of 2,697 peer-reviewed publications on light and circadian clocks since 2008, reached consensus on 24 statements about the impact of light on circadian rhythms and health based on accumulated scientific evidence, including support for the widespread introduction of circadian lighting and warning labels on blue-enriched LED lights indicating that they “maybe harmful if used at night”.
Determination of acrylamide in commercial baby foods by LC-QqQ-MS/MS: a simple method for routine analyses
Authors: Prata Rafaela , Pérez Marta Vargas , Petrarca Mateus Henrique , Godoy Helena Teixeira , Frenich Antonia Garrido , Romero-González Roberto
Published: January 2023

A liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the analysis of acrylamide in baby foods. Sample preparation involves a simple acidified aqueous acetonitrile extraction (acetonitrile:water:formic acid, 69/30/1, v/v/v) in combination with dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) using alumina as sorbent. Sufficient linearity (range 20–250 µg kg− 1) in matrix-matched and solvent calibrations, were obtained. The recovery rates for acrylamide ranged from 100 to 108% with coefficients of variation below 10%, under repeatability and reproducibility conditions (within-laboratory). The obtained limit of quantification (20 µg kg− 1) is in accordance with the value set by the European Union (EU) for the method of acrylamide analysis in baby foods. The fitness for purpose of the developed method was demonstrated by analyzing 50 ready-to-eat baby foods available in the Brazilian market. Acrylamide was detected in 13% of samples composed mainly of fruits, whereas it was detected in approximately 37% of baby food composed of meat and/or vegetables. Furthermore, in 2 samples, the detected levels are above the maximum reference value established by the EU (40 µg kg− 1). The study demonstrates that this method can be used for acrylamide detection in routine analysis.
An ethnographic study of Gujjar-Bakarwal Tribe resource management with reference to their local practices and traditional institutions
Authors: Ahmed Arshad , Kheraj  , Ali Amjed , Rani Kiran , Meenaxy
Published: January 2023

Seasonal migration of humans and livestock between different agroecological zones is the oldest pastoralist practice in many mountain regions worldwide, significantly impacting their sustenance and resource management. Gujjar-Bakarwal Tribe, which predominantly lives in the Pir-Panjal range of the Himalayan Mountains in India, also practices seasonal migration for the optimization of its resources within the framework of local practices and traditional institutions. This study explores the role of their local traditions and traditional institutions, such as Jirga (Panchayats Institutions), in managing natural resources accounting for the interdependence of seasons and social life. In addition, it aims at understanding the deterministic role of seasons on the socio-economic life of the Gujjar Bakarwal tribe. It analyses how the practice of transhumance has been sustained in the context of the socio-economic and cultural landscape, seasonality, and climate change. The informal interactions and conversations with local people were crucial sources for understanding sociality according to seasonality. Focus group discussions, individual interviews, and participant observation were used to identify the current local institutions that fit this ethnographic study's nature. The findings indicate that the local practices and traditional institutions (Jirga) in the target area play a significant role in determining and sustaining each socio-economic practice with its distinctive objective and level of importance. It also suggests the measures policy-makers can take to strengthen or supplement these institutions and practices in the present scenario. Present research gives insights into the importance of local practices and traditional institutions amongst the Gujjar-Bakarwal Tribe for sustainable, social, and economic development by effectively managing their natural resources.
Negative feedback regulation of MAPK signaling is an important driver of CLL progression
Authors: Ecker Veronika , Brandmeier Lisa , Stumpf Martina , Giansanti Piero , Moreira Aida Varela , Pfeuffer Lisa , Fens Marcel , Lu Junyan , Küster Bernhard , Engleitner Thomas , Heidegger Simon , Ringshausen Ingo , Zenz Thorsten , Wendtner Clemens , Müschen Markus , Ruland Jürgen , Buchner Maike
Published: January 2023

Despite several potent targeted treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the clinical challenge of treating drug-resistant disease is emerging. In this study, we discovered that the dual-specific phosphatases DUSP1 and DUSP6 are required to negatively regulate Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and thus counterbalance excessive MAPK activity to prevent apoptosis in CLL. We show that DUSP1 and DUSP6 are widely expressed in CLL and high expression of DUSP6 in CLL correlates with a poor clinical prognosis, which may reflect high levels of MAPK activity. Importantly, genetic deletion of the inhibitory phosphatase DUSP1 or DUSP6 and blocking DUSP1/6 function using a small molecule are toxic for CLL cells in vitro and in vivo. Analyzing downstream effects using global phospho-proteome approaches, we observed that acute activation of MAPK signaling by DUSP1/6 inhibition induces DNA damage response and thereby apoptotic cell death in CLL cells. This cell death is mediated by CHK kinases and can function independent of p53 and ATM, both effectors of DNA damage response, which are frequently deleted in CLL. Finally, we observed that DUSP1/6 inhibition is particularly effective against treatment-resistant CLL and therefore suggest transient DUSP1/6 inhibition as a promising novel treatment concept to eliminate drug-resistant CLL cells.
Clinical Impact of Transanal Drainage Tube on Anastomosis Leakage following Minimally Invasive Anterior Resection without Diverting Stoma in Patients with Rectal Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Sueda Toshinori , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Mori Soichiro , Nishida Kenataro , Yasuyama Akinobu , Nomura Masanori , Yoshikawa Yukihiro , Koga Chikato , Miyagaki Hiromichi , Tsujie Masanori , Akamaru Yusuke
Published: January 2023

Purpose
As one of the most serious complications of rectal cancer (RC) surgery, preventing anastomotic leakage (AL) is crucial. Several studies have suggested a positive role of the transanal drainage tube (TaDT) in AL prevention. However, whether TaDT is beneficial for AL after anterior resection (AR) for RC remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of TaDT on AL following minimally invasive AR without diverting stoma (DS) in patients with RC.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 392 consecutive patients with RC who had undergone minimally invasive AR without DS between 2010 and 2021. Propensity score-matching (PSM) was performed to reduce selection bias.
Results
A TaDT was used in 214 patients overall. After PSM, we enrolled 316 patients. Before PSM, significant group-dependent differences were observed in terms of age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, and use of anti-platelet/anti-coagulant agents. The frequency of AL was 7.3% in the overall cohort, and was significantly lower in the TaDT group (3.7%) than in the Non-TaDT group (11.8%). The rate of Grade B AL was significantly lower in the TaDT group than in the Non-TaDT group. However, no significant differences between groups were found for Grade C AL. Moreover, multivariate analysis identified lack of a TaDT as an independent risk factor for AL in the overall and matched cohorts.
Conclusions
These results indicated that TaDT may play a beneficial role in preventing AL, particularly of Grade B, for patients with RC undergoing minimally invasive AR without DS.
Clinical Performance Study of a Fecal Bacterial Signature Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Malagón Marta , Alwers Elizabeth , Oliver Lia , Ramió-Pujol Sara , Sánchez-Vizcaino Mireia , Amoedo Joan , de Cambra Salomé , Serra-Pagès Mariona , Castells Antoni , Aldeguer Xavier , Garcia-Gil Jesús , Brenner Hermann
Published: January 2023

Background.
The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is the most widely used test for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. RAID-CRC Screen is a new non-invasive test based on fecal bacterial markers, developed to complement FIT by increasing its specificity. The test was previously clinically evaluated in FIT-positive patients (> 20 µg of hemoglobin/g of feces, “FIT20”), in which it reduced the proportion of false positive results by 16.3% while maintaining most of FIT20’s sensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of a CRC screening program using RAID-CRC Screen in addition to FIT20 as a triage test in a European screening population undergoing screening colonoscopy with a CRC screening program with FIT20 alone in the same cohort.
Results.
A cohort of 2481 subjects aged > 55 years from the German screening colonoscopy program was included. The colonoscopy findings were used as the gold standard in calculating the diagnostic capacity of the tests and included 15 CRC and 257 advanced neoplasia cases. RAID-CRC Screen added to FIT20 provided the same sensitivity as FIT20 alone (66.7%) in detecting CRC and a significantly higher specificity (97.0% vs. 96.1%, p < 0.0001). The positive predictive value was 11.9% when using RAID-CRC Screen and 9.5% with FIT20 alone, and the negative predictive value was 99.8% in the two scenarios. For advanced neoplasia detection, the use of RAID-CRC Screen yielded significantly lower sensitivity than with FIT20 alone (17.5% vs. 21.8%, p = 0.0009), and the overall specificity was significantly higher when using RAID-CRC Screen compared with FIT20 alone (98.2% vs. 97.8%, p = 0.0039).
Conclusions.
Our findings confirm the results obtained in previous clinical studies in a CRC screening setting, showing the potential of RAID-CRC Screen to increase the overall specificity of FIT-based screening.
Design and experiments with a single spiral fixed depth ditching and fertilizing machine
Authors: Zhan Caixue , Ding Wenqin , Han Yu , Jiang Qinghai , Zhao Ying , Song Zhiyu , Zhao Liang
Published: January 2023

Aiming at the problems of low fertilization efficiency, mostly single process operation and inconsistent fertilization depth of domestic tea garden fertilizing machine, a single spiral fixed depth ditching and fertilizing machine was designed. The machine can complete the integrated operation of ditching, fertilization and covering soil at one time through the operation mode of single spiral ditching and fertilization. The theoretical analysis and structure design of its key core components are carried out. The depth of fertilization can be consistent through the established depth control system. The performance test shows that the single spiral ditching and fertilizing machine has a maximum stability coefficient of 96.17% and a minimum of 94.29% in terms of trenching depth, and a maximum of 94.23% and a minimum of 93.58% in terms of fertilization uniformity, meeting the requirements of tea plantation production.
Vanet FDIA Solutions using Blockchain Based IPFS-Trust Management System with ML SVR Model
Authors: Grover Preeti , Prasad Sanjeev Kumar
Published: January 2023

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is the next phase in the evolution of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs).Multiple types of Smart Networks exists in our surrounding.i.e., Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Crowd Sensing Networks (CSNs), and Internet of Vehicles, etc A VANET is a collection of mobile nodes (vehicles) that share data through ad hoc on-demand connections. Vehicle Tracking is one of the uses of IOV(Internet of Vehicles) and Vehicle Security is one of the major issues for all vehicle owners. On a vehicle, there are various on-board sensors that sense a vehicle’s motion and the surrounding environment. On-board sensors can also warn drivers about approaching vehicles, speeding, and slippery road conditions. The main aim of the paper is to provide solutions for False Data Injection Attack by Integration of Blockchain Based IPFS-Trust Management System with ML SVR Regression Model. Due to Network Assaults and Threats under Vanet System, the safety of the drivers is under stake and Critical. A rogue node can send out erroneous messages, causing unavoidable scenarios. We first filter the received data from Vehicles creating false traffic jam warning messages using the Machine learning SVR Regression Model where data is created and split into train and test data. We used Machine learning supervised algorithm to find whether the vehicle is a legitimate vehicle or an attacker vehicle and the result is validated using the parameters like Accuracy, Loss Rate, Precision, Recall, and F-Test Score. Algorithm Implementation results show that the FDIA attack strategy achieves a better performance than the without using ML algorithm of SVR Regression Model based attack strategy in Predicting the Vanet Security. Also, we studied the various ways to mitigate the impact of false data injection into the network through a compromised node. Users can access the system through DApp, an Ethereum-distributed application, and manage their vehicle data.
Chemical Fractionation of Manganese in Commercial Coffee Samples Originating from Conventional and Organic Growing Systems
Authors: Junior J. B. S. Espinelli , Wesz I. S. , Santos I. A. , Badiale-Furlong E. , Carapelli R.
Published: January 2023

Coffee can be considered an important source of mineral nutrients. Since coffee is normally consumed through infusion, the availability of nutrients is related to the solubility, that is strongly influenced by the cultivation system applied to its production, which can influence the form of minerals are storage in the coffee bean. Coffee development is influenced by nutrient absorption, metabolism and storage. This study investigated the influence of cultivation on these characteristics of conventional and organic commercial coffee. The average concentration for conventional and organic cultivation determined in this study was 45.5 ± 11.2 and 64.7 ± 9.2 mg kg− 1 respectively. This result may be related to soil characteristics, such as acidic pH and reducing environment, favored by organic cultivation and favoring Mn solubilization in the soil solution, leading to greater Mn uptake. Principal component analysis shows differences between organic and conventional samples in the fractionation study. The characterizing fraction of the organic samples was the lipid and all other fractions characterized the conventional samples. This behavior suggests an influence of cultivation on Mn metabolism and storage by coffee. However, despite these observed differences, the average levels of Mn extracted from coffee infusions did not differ significantly between cultivation.
3D modelling and characterisation of ferralitic basement aquifers by combining resistivity, chargeability and remote sensing data in the Messondo area (SW- Cameroon)
Authors: Ngoumou Paul Claude , Yandjimain Justine , Meli’i Jorelle Larissa , Sofo Cheryl Dowel Ameli , Nzeuga Alain Rodrigue , AMOUGOU Olivier Ulrich Igor OWONO , Assembe Stéphane Patrick
Published: January 2023

An investigation combining remote sensing (Landsat 8) images and ground geoelectricity was carried out in order to remedy deficit in water resources in the Messondo area located in the Nyong and Kelle division, Centre Region, Cameroon.in this region, an . The remote sensing results presented respectively as fractures, fracture density and land use maps, allowed the delineation of densely fractured zones of the basement, which are favourable areas for infiltration and hydraulic capture. These zones are used to guide the geophysical work. The ground geoelectricity combined a 4-line DC and IP tomography survey-oriented SE-NW, boreholes and electrical Schlumberger profiling. After data acquisition, the study identified several conductive anomalies mainly due to the iron bearing gneisses of the basement that would be discriminated between zones of water accumulation and zones of mineralogical concentration. . . The 2D inverse modelling of the geoelectric data depicted the vertical and lateral variations of resistivity and chargeability. The joint analysis of the of these two parameters, combined with the geological observations from the area, allowed the discrimination between the aquifers and the mineralised zones. The 3D models obtained by combining the 2D models then interpolating, permitted to visualise and quantify the aquifers identified in the investigated area. . These models make it possible to distinguish two levels of water accumulation : the first level, spreading over the entire surface, is contained in the porous alterites and forms the surface aquifers that extend to a depth of 39 m, thus defining the thickness of the altered layer. The second level exclusively located to the east of the area, is contained in the fissured gneissic formations.
Degradation of 1,1,2 trichloroethane by photocatalysis using Fe2O3/SPS photocatalyst
Authors: Farouq Rania , Ullah Najeeb
Published: January 2023

Once released into the environmenOnce released into the environment, engineered nanomaterials can significantly influence the fate of organic contaminants. So far, nothing is known about the capability of composite nanomaterials to accelerate the abiotic transformation processes of organic pollutants that are relevant to the environment. Under benign conditions, it is possible to successfully sulphonate recycled commercial polystyrene to boost its surface functionalities and enable the manufacturing of composites through interactions between the surface functional groups and nanoparticles. The porous R-Fe2O3 nanorods were successfully obtained by calcining the R-FeOOH precursors at 300°C for 2 h. In this study, a photocatalytic system composed of α-Fe2O3 and SPS was applied in 1, 1, 2 trichloroethane degradation. Hence, the α-Fe2O3/SPS composite has great potential for sustainable and efficient photocatalytic disinfection applications. The structural and magnetic properties of R- Fe2O3 nanoparticles were confirmed using the results of morphology tests including Fourier-transform infrared spectra, particle size analysis, and transmission electron microscope.
Impact of long-term floods on spatial dynamics of Myrmica scabrinodis, a host ant of a highly threatened Scarce large blue (Phengaris teleius)
Authors: Močilar Mitja , Jerina Klemen , Verovnik Rudi
Published: January 2023

Extensively used humid meadows, with high biodiversity are under threat in Europe due to anthropogenic pressure. Increasing frequency of prolonged floods is emerging as an additional threat to this fragile environment. In our study, we explored how prolonged floods impact the spatial distribution and its dynamic over time (caused by mortality and recolonization process) of the host ant species Myrmica scabrinodis, essential for the survivor of the threatened Scarce large blue (Phengaris teleius). The study was conducted on flood prone area Ljubljansko Barje at the southern edge of the P. teleius global range. Long-lasting floods in the study area, potentially affecting the past and recent distribution of the host ant M. scabrinodis, were recorded in 2010, 2013, and 2017. In 2020, we set up 160 ant traps to estimate host ant distribution in a system of meadows covering entire gradient of history of floods. Our results indicate that M. scabrinodis survive the flooding for up to three days and start to disappear if flooding persists longer. After the flood withdrawal, the ants gradually recolonize empty habitats from the surrounding upland refuge areas. Our spatial analyses predict that the average recolonization speed was about 29 meters per year, and that in one year of recolonization ants compensate the mortality effects of 1.8 days of flooding. These findings elucidate that flooding should be considered as an additional (in some areas a major) threat to the endangered Scarce large blue through its detrimental effects on the host ant species.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Positive T1 Contrast Agents for Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 64 mT
Authors: Oberdick Samuel , Jordanova Kalina , Lundstrom John , Parigi Giacomo , Poorman Megan , Zabow Gary , Keenan Kathryn
Published: January 2023

We have investigated the efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as positive T1 contrast agents for low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 64 millitesla (mT). Iron-oxide based agents, such as the FDA-approved ferumoxytol, were measured using a variety of techniques to evaluate T1 contrast at 64 mT. Additionally, we characterized monodispersed carboxylic acid-coated SPIONs with a range of diameters (4.9 nm to 15.7 nm) in order to understand size-dependent properties of T1 contrast at low-field. MRI contrast properties were measured using 64 mT MRI, magnetometry and nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion (NMRD). We also measured MRI contrast at 3 T to provide comparison to a standard clinical field strength. SPIONs have the capacity to perform well as T1 contrast agents at 64 mT, with measured longitudinal relaxivity (r1) values of up to 67 L mmol− 1 s− 1, more than an order of magnitude higher than corresponding r1 values at 3 T. The particles exhibit size-dependent longitudinal relaxivities and outperform a commercial Gd-based agent (gadobenate dimeglumine) by more than eight-fold at physiological temperatures. Additionally, we characterize the ratio of transverse to longitudinal relaxivity, r2/r1 and find that it is ~ 1 for the SPION based agents at 64 mT, indicating a favorable balance of relaxivities for T1-weighted contrast imaging. We also correlate the magnetic and structural properties of the particles with models of nanoparticle relaxivity to understand generation of T1 contrast. These experiments show that SPIONs, at low fields being targeted for point-of-care low-field MRI systems, have a unique combination of a large moment plus water-diffusion correlation times close to the proton precession period, that provide very large T1 relaxivities.