bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propuesta de una estrategia pedagógica para la educación del talento académico
Authors: Govea Arias Vilma , Guijarro Cruz Yenisleidy , León Arencibia Ariel , Camacho Estrada Sara Nidhya
Published: September 2024

La investigación responde al tema: la educación del talento académico, desde el contexto familiar, en Secundaria Básica. Pertenece al proyecto “La educación del talento académico de los estudiantes del IPVCE “Amistad Cuba Suecia”. Surge por la necesidad mejorar los resultados en Concursos y Olimpiadas, en la provincia Mayabeque. Se ha demostrado que falta preparación en las familias para enfrentar este proceso, principalmente en cuestiones relacionadas con el conocimiento sobre el tema. Dentro de las causas, se encuentra la insuficiente calidad de la acción pedagógica en función de dicha preparación. Pretende como objetivo: Proponer una estrategia pedagógica para la educación del talento académico desde el contexto familiar, en secundaria básica, en Mayabeque. Para dar seguimiento a este propósito, se recurrió al método general dialéctico-materialista y a los métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y matemático-estadísticos. Se propone una estrategia pedagógica que implica a las familias en la actividad académica y científica de los estudiantes con talento académico en la Educación Secundaria Básica. Fue aplicada como preexperimento de acuerdo con sus etapas y objetivos estratégicos. Al finalizar la investigación, se demostró que es posible apoyar el proceso de la educación del talento académico, desde el contexto familiar.
Surgimiento temprano del turismo en el continente americano en el Siglo XIX
Authors: Ayala Castro Héctor Salvador , Velasteguí López Luis Efraín , Camacho Estrada Sara Nidhya
Published: September 2024

Introducción:  En el Siglo XIX se dieron las primeras manifestaciones de significación de turismo en Europa, con las que comenzó la era del turismo tal como se concibe hoy - viajes voluntarios por razones de placer, negocio y otros motivos y no para ejercer una actividad remunerada. En Las Américas en el Siglo XIX igualmente se presentan manifestaciones noveles de actividades turísticas. Objetivo:  El objeto de esta investigación es indagar sobre el surgimiento de un turismo temprano en los países que integran el continente americano durante el Siglo XIX, identificando cuáles países y actividades turísticas fueron desarrolladas durante ese periodo histórico. Metodología:  El trabajo se realizó a partir del análisis bibliográfico de diferentes materiales asociados a esta actividad, así como del método de análisis-síntesis para el arribo a conclusiones.  Resultados: La investigación encontró que en Estados Unidos, México, Perú y Cuba en la primera parte de este Siglo y en Canadá, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay en la segunda parte del XIX, se producen manifestaciones de este turismo incipiente o temprano. Conclusión: No se encontraron evidencias de manifestaciones de algún tipo de turismo en otros países de América en el Siglo XIX. Así, como ocurrió en Europa, se puede afirmar que en el Siglo XIX comienza también en Las Américas directamente la historia del turismo. Área de estudio general: Turismo, Área de estudio específica: Historia del turismo
The Effect of Religiosity on Psychological Well-Being with Intensity of Taklim Assembly Recitation as a Mediator
Authors: Nuruddaroini M. Ahim Sulthan , Amaliati Siti , Kholis Nur , Asrohah Hanun
Published: September 2024

Religiusitas telah lama diakui sebagai faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh tingkat religiusitas terhadap psychological well-being dengan intensitas mengikuti pengajian majelis taklim sebagai variabel intervening. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional, penelitian ini melibatkan 71 jamaah majelis taklim di Kalimantan Selatan yang dipilih melalui teknik cluster random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tiga instrumen: skala religiusitas Huber dan Huber, Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB), dan kuesioner intensitas mengikuti pengajian majelis taklim yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik analisis jalur (path analysis) dengan bantuan software SPSS 25.0 dan Sobel Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Tingkat religiusitas berpengaruh signifikan secara langsung terhadap psychological well-being (β = 0.804, p < 0.001) dan intensitas mengikuti pengajian majelis taklim (β = 0.778, p < 0.001), serta intensitas mengikuti pengajian majelis taklim berpengaruh signifikan terhadap psychological well-being (β = 0.658, p < 0.001). 2) Variabel tingkat religiusitas mampu menjelaskan 43,4% variasi psychological well-being, 41,2% variasi intensitas mengikuti pengajian majelis taklim, dan 42,7% variasi psychological well-being melalui intensitas mengikuti pengajian majelis taklim. 3) Intensitas mengikuti pengajian majelis taklim terbukti menjadi variabel intervening yang memediasi pengaruh tingkat religiusitas terhadap psychological well-being (sobell test statistic = 5.08924301, p = 0.000000036). Temuan ini mendukung teori dan penelitian sebelumnya tentang peran religiusitas dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis, serta menunjukkan pentingnya keterlibatan dalam kegiatan keagamaan, khususnya pengajian majelis taklim, dalam memperkuat hubungan tersebut. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya pengembangan program-program berbasis agama yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan mental dan kualitas hidup masyarakat, dengan melibatkan majelis taklim sebagai mitra strategis. Meskipun demikian, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor lain yang mungkin berperan dalam hubungan antara religiusitas dan psychological well-being, seperti kepribadian, dukungan sosial, dan konteks budaya.
Analysis of Moral Value in Narrative Text of Senior High School English Textbooks
Authors: Putri Anisa Hersa , Maisarah Ira
Published: September 2024

A moral value study is necessary to be taught to students. One way to teach moral values is through literary works such as narrative texts. In this study, the Senior High School English textbooks published by The Ministry of Education and Culture and PT. Grafindo Media Pratama were evaluated on the moral principles provided in their narrative passages. A content analysis design was used in this investigation. The data was derived from seven narrative passages contained in English textbooks. The data were gathered by using a documentation method. The data collection, interpretation, and conclusion were the steps in the data analysis process. This study concentrated on the five moral values criteria listed by Linda and Eyre (2013): kindness, love and affection, honesty, respect, and courage. The study discovered that the virtue of kindness dominated the story texts, while respect was mentioned the least overtly. Furthermore, more study was needed to determine the efficacy of the school's environment in establishing values of morality.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Level Measurement Using Internet of Things (IoT) Based Drone with NodeMCU ESP32
Authors: Trisnanti Sefrina Putri , Yantidewi Meta , Deta Utama Alan
Published: September 2024

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a dangerous gas with no odor, color, or taste and can easily mix with other air around it. This study aims to design and determine the results of measuring CO levels using a drone integrated with an MQ-7 gas sensor and an IoT-based ESP32 nodeMCU by manipulating the time and height of measuring CO levels. The method used is data acquisition in the form of a data retrieval process from the MQ-7 sensor programmed with the ESP32 nodeMCU via the ThingSpeak web.  The results of measurements of CO levels in Ketintang, Surabaya air quality in the medium category at 07.00-11.00 WIB and good at 15.00 WIB. Measurement at 07.00 WIB CO levels are higher than at 11.00 WIB and 15.00 WIB. This can occur because the use of motorized vehicles and the process of burning waste in households is denser. Most of these activities are carried out close to the ground so that the higher the altitude in measuring CO levels, the lower the CO levels detected. Other factors that affect CO levels are temperature, wind speed, and weather when taking measurements. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that hours and altitude affect the CO levels produced.
Penghitungan Berat Nekromassa dan Cadangan Karbon di Coban Putri dan Hutan Kota Malabar Malang
Authors: Suryani Arie Achsan Wildan , Tito Sama' Iradat , Prasetyo Hamdani Dwi
Published: September 2024

Carbon reserves in necromes can have a positive impact of decomposition processes and a negative impact from the occurrence of deforestation. Therefore, there needs to be a balance between the rate of decomposition and deforestation. The aim of this study was to estimate carbon reserves in necromes and their correlation relationship with abiotic factors in Malabar City Forest and Princess Coban. The methods used are non-desdructive sampling for dead trees and dead wood as well as desdructive sampling for litter. Abiotic factors in the form of air temperature, air humidity, Light intensity, soil ph, and soil moisture are also observed. The forest in Malabar City is 3427.43 kg and in Coban Putri it is 281.34. Carbon reserves were obtained from 47% of the necomass possessed, thus obtaining carbon reserves of 1601.89 kg in Malabar City Forest and 132.23 kg in Coban Putri. Some of the factors that affect the magnitude of carbon reserves in the observation plot include the diameter and height of dead trees, the diameter and length of dead wood, wet weight and dry weight of litter, as well as environmental factors that impact photosynthesis and decomposition processes. Environmental abiotic factors in the form of air temperature, air humidity, light intensity, soil ph, and soil moisture in Malabar City Forest and Coban Putri are in ideal conditions. Keywords: carbon stock, coban putri, malabar city forest, necromass ABSTRAKCadangan karbon pada nekromassa dapat memberikan dampak positif dari proses dekomposisi dan dampak negatif dari terjadinya deforestasi. Maka dari itu perlu adanya keseimbangan antara laju dekomposisi dan deforestasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi cadangan karbon pada nekromassa dan hubungan korelasinya dengan faktor abiotik di Hutan Kota Malabar dan Coban Putri. Metode yang digunakan adalah sampling tanpa pemanenan (non-desdructive sampling) untuk pohon mati dan kayu mati serta desdructive sampling untuk serasah. Diamati juga faktor abiotik berupa suhu udara, kelembaban udara, intensitas Cahaya, ph tanah, dan kelembaban tanah. Hutan Kota Malabar sebanyak 3427,43 kg dan di Coban Putri sebesar 281,34. Cadangan karbon diperoleh dari 47% nekromassa yang dimiliki, sehingga diperoleh cadangan karbon 1601,89 kg di Hutan Kota Malabar dan 132,23 kg di Coban Putri. Beberapa hal yang mempengaruhi besar kecilnya cadangan karbon pada plot pengamatan antara lain diameter dan tinggi pohon mati, diameter dan panjang kayu mati, berat basah dan berat kering serasah, serta faktor lingkungan yang berdampak pada proses fotosintesis dan dekomposisi. Faktor abiotik lingkungan berupa suhu udara, kelembaban udara, intensitas cahaya, ph tanah, dan kelembaban tanah di Hutan Kota Malabar dan Coban Putri berada pada kondisi ideal. Kata kunci: cadangan karbon, coban putri, hutan kota malabar, nekromassa
Perancangan Visual Artwork Dengan Teknik Desain Pop Up Pada Board Game Untuk Media Pembelajaran Pencegahan Malnutrisi Untuk Usia 10 – 11 Tahun
Authors: Sutikno Melinda Rachel , Prestiliano Jasson , Pratiwi Peni , Setiawan Arie
Published: September 2024

Kurangnya asupan buah dan sayur dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi pada tubuh karena buah dan sayur mengandung banyak vitamin penting untuk kesehatan tubuh. Anak-anak enggan makan buah dan sayur dikarenakan kurangnya kesadaran pola makan yang sehat. Pada masalah tersebut maka anak perlu diberikan edukasi yaitu media pembelajaran boardgame untuk pencegahan malnutrisi yang berjudul “fruitvege missions”. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode gabungan yaitu “mixed method” untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih kuat dan komprehensif. Pada perancangan juga dibutuhkan sisi visual artwork yang menarik dan unik yaitu pop up karena bersifat tiga dimensi dan menarik untuk anak-anak. Hal yang diperoleh pada boardgame ini meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran anak serta membantu anak sadar akan kesehatan sejak dini.
Maturation of the spine and its consequences for conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors:   , Costa Lorenzo
Published: September 2024

Idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex spinal deformity of unknown cause. It often involves lateral curvature, axial rotation and thoracic kyphosis, leading to significant physical, psychological and social challenges. This research examines spinal maturation, non-ionising imaging techniques, bracing treatment and the three-dimensional nature of scoliosis.
Spinal maturation is a critical factor in the development of scoliosis. Studies have shown delays in ossification and fusion of the ring apophysis in AIS patients compared to healthy individuals. In addition, differences in disc height and vertebral body shape have been observed between the sexes, suggesting potential biomechanical factors contributing to spinal instability.
Non-ionising imaging modalities offer promising alternatives to traditional radiography for the assessment of AIS. Ultrasound and MRI-based synthetic CT (sCT) have demonstrated accuracy in measuring spinal curvature, assessing bone mineral density and detecting vertebral wedging. These techniques provide valuable information without the risks associated with ionising radiation.
Braces are a common treatment for scoliosis. While studies have shown the effectiveness of braces in preventing curve progression and reducing the need for surgery, there is a need for more standardised research and larger sample sizes. Understanding the biomechanical principles underlying brace therapy may help to optimise treatment outcomes.
The three-dimensional nature of scoliosis involves a complex interplay between lateral curvature, axial rotation and thoracic kyphosis. Analysis of these components can provide insight into the patterns of spinal deformity and inform future treatment strategies.
In conclusion, this work provides valuable insights into the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. By advancing our understanding of spinal maturation, imaging techniques and bracing therapy, we can improve the management of this complex condition and improve the quality of life of those affected.
The Impact of COVID-19 Third Dose Vaccination on the Magnitude of Antigen Specific T Cells in Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Girmanova E , Duskova J , Mrazova P , Fialova M , Viklicky O , Hruba P
Published: September 2024

Measuring T cell response can add information about antivirus immunity provided by antibody test results. The study evaluates the impact of a third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose on T cell response and antibody production in kidney transplant recipients (25 KTRs) versus healthy controls (26 Hc). Results show a significant rise in S-activated CD4+CD154+IFNγ+TNFα+ double producer cells in both KTRs (p=0.025) and Hc (p=0.009) as well as increased spike antibody response in KTRs (p=0.00019) and Hc (p=3.10-8) third-month post-third dose. Moreover, the study revealed a drop in seronegative KTRs (non-responders) from 9/25 (36%) pre-third dose to 2/25 (7%) at 3 months post-third dose while 5/9 (56%) of non-responders post-second dose showed specific T cell responses. Notably, the third dose significantly improved seroconversion rates in both KTRs and Hc, although Hc individuals exhibited higher antibody levels.
Kinematic effects of unilateral TKA on the contralateral knee in Chinese patients with advanced osteoarthritis: a prospective gait analysis study
Authors: Wang Haibo , Duan Wenhao , Dang Xiaodong , Chen Zhenxian , Peng Yinghu , Yao Shuxin , Zhang Weijie , Ma Jianbing
Published: September 2024

Background

Patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who receive unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often report reduced pain and enhanced function in the untreated knee, yet the kinematic mechanisms are not fully understood. Our study aimed to clarify these effects through a gait analysis of the untreated knee following unilateral TKA.

Methods

This study enrolled 118 end-stage OA patients with varus deformity scheduled for TKA, categorized into the contralateral osteoarthritis group (Contra-OA), consisting of patients with end-stage OA in both knees requiring surgical treatment, and the contralateral TKA group (Contra-TKA), which included patients who had undergone TKA on one knee and had end-stage OA in the untreated knee awaiting surgery. Kinematic data of the knee joint during treadmill walking were collected using the Opti_Knee gait analysis system, and a comparative analysis was conducted.

Results

The Contra-TKA group exhibited improvements in step length, anterior-posterior translation, range of motion, vertical translation, and internal-external rotation compared to the Contra-OA group (p-values ranging from 0.0013 to 0.0463). Notable differences in flexion-extension angles and abduction/adduction rotation were also observed (p = 0.0013 and 0.0166, respectively). At the initial contact (IC), obvious differences in internal-external rotation, anterior/posterior translation, and vertical translation were noted. At the opposite toe-off (OT), significant differences in internal-external rotation. At the tibia vertical (TV) moment, significant differences were observed in all three translation indicators of joint translation. At other pivotal gait cycle points, vertical and anterior/posterior translations in Contra-TKA group continued to exhibit more meaningful decrease. Collectively, these findings underscore the protective kinematic effects of TKA on the untreated contralateral knee, indicating an improved biomechanical adaptation following TKA surgery.

Conclusion

In summary, the study’s findings indicate that unilateral TKA imparts kinetic effects on the untreated contralateral knee, as evidenced by significant improvements in key gait parameters. These enhancements, observed at both initial contacts and throughout the gait cycle, suggest a positive biomechanical support post-TKA, might contribute to better gait efficiency and reduced load on the contralateral untreated knee.
Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of the mitral annulus for mitral annuloplasty in 100 cases of robotic mitral valve repair
Authors: Takahashi Yosuke , Morisaki Akimasa , Sakon Yoshito , Nishiya Kenta , Inno Goki , Kawase Takumi , Nishimoto Yukihiro , Nagao Munehide , Kishimoto Noriaki , Noda Kazuki , Shibata Toshihiko
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative computed tomography in assessing mitral annulus anatomy and the posterior annular plication rate in mitral valve repair with annuloplasty.

Methods

From July 2018 to August 2023, we performed robotic mitral valve repair with ring annuloplasty using a semi-rigid ring in 100 patients. Preoperative anatomical assessment of the mitral annulus was conducted by three-dimensional computed tomography. The ring size was selected based on the perioperative commissure-to-commissure length or the anterior leaflet area.

Results

The mean commissure-to-commissure length, posterior mitral annular length, and minimum distance between the left circumflex artery and mitral annulus values were 31, 109, and 3.8 mm, respectively. No postoperative left circumflex artery injury or ring detachment was recorded. The mean plication rate (length of the posterior side of the prosthetic ring/posterior annular length) was 0.68, and it did not differ among each prosthetic ring size. The posterior plication rate (duplicate ring size 19.4) was a factor influencing the postoperative transmitral mean pressure gradient of 5 mmHg or higher. Freedom from moderate or severe mitral regurgitation was not different between the two groups above and below the posterior plication rate × ring size of 19.4 (p = 0.73), with an event-free rate of 97% vs. 96% in 3 years, respectively.

Conclusions

Preoperative evaluation of the mitral annular anatomy is useful for safe mitral valve repair with ring annuloplasty. Determining ring size by focusing on the posterior annular plication rate may be a new method for ring size selection.
Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Jingjin , Ren Li , Hou Qingbin , Jia Xiaodong , Mei Zhu , Xu Jiaxin , Yang Zheming , Li Yiming , Yan Chenghui
Published: September 2024

Background

The effectiveness and safety of a novel class of hypoglycemic medications known as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have not been completely established in relation to acute heart failure (AHF). Consequently, we sought to compare the prognostic and safety outcomes of patients administered SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of AHF.

Methods

An extensive search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE was conducted for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that have evaluated the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in AHF from the inception of these drugs to the present. We compiled data related to cardiovascular safety and prognosis. Aggregated risk ratios (RR), mean differences (MD), or standardized mean differences (SMD) were generated for all outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to evaluate the predictive significance of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with AHF.

Results

We identified 4,053 patients from 13 studies. Patients experienced a substantial reduction in all-cause mortality (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.96, P = 0.01), readmission rates (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74–0.98, P = 0.02), the number of heart failure exacerbation events (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50–0.95, P = 0.02), and the number of rehospitalization events due to heart failure (RR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.58–0.86, P < 0.05) in the SGLT2 inhibitors-treatment group compared to a placebo or standard care (control group). SGLT2 inhibitors improved patient quality of life (SMD = −0.24, 95% CI: −0.40 to −0.09, P = 0.002). SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with enhanced diuresis in patients with AHF (MD = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.36–4.29, P < 0.05). Overall, treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the level of serum NT-proBNP (MD = −497.62, 95% CI: −762.02 to −233.21, P < 0.05) and did not increase the incidence of adverse events (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.82–1.01, P = 0.06).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis suggests that treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors is associated with a better prognosis in patients with AHF than in patients not treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. It is safe and effective to initiate SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with AHF.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.9.0015, identifier (INPLASY202490015).
Comparison of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists vs. placebo on any cardiovascular events in overweight or obese non-diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kelkar Raveena , Barve Nishad A. , Kelkar Rohan , Kharel Sanjeev , Khanapurkar Shalmi , Yadav Rukesh
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) have been extensively used to treat obesity in recent years. These novel drugs are effective at reducing body weight and also the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, the data of its efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events in individuals without type 2 diabetes is not as robust. We aim to update and conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the same.

Methods

The study was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guideline. Researchers searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Clinicaltrails.gov for English literature from inception to 2024. Randomized Controlled trails enrolling adult participants (age ≥ 18 years) who are overweight or obese (BMI > 25 Kg/m2) with a comparison of all cardiovascular events between patients taking GLP1-RA and placebo were included. The analysis was done by Revman version 5.4.

Results

A total of 17 RCTs among 34,419 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled risk ratio from 17 studies illustrated that patients with GLP-1 RA had a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to patients who had a placebo (RR = 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.64–0.89, p-value = 0.0008). Semaglutide was found to have a statistically significant greatest risk reduction than other drug types.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis found that GLP-1 RA significantly reduced all types of cardiovascular events in overweight and obese patients without diabetes. Semaglutide was found to be superior to others in CV event reductions. But still, the results of ongoing trials are needed.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=553048, PROSPERO (CRD42024553048).
Effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome—the FertIL trial
Authors: Wälchli-Popovic Milica , Monnerat Sophie , Taylor Angela E. , Gilligan Lorna C. , Schiffer Lina , Arlt Wiebke , Vogt Deborah R. , De Geyter Christian , Hutter Nina , Donath Marc Y. , Sartorius Gideon , Christ-Crain Mirjam
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Chronic low-grade inflammation might contribute to hyperandrogenemia and metabolic complications in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 stimulates androgen production from ovarian cells, whereas blockade of the IL-1 pathway improves cardiometabolic health. We aimed to investigate whether blocking the IL-1 pathway ameliorates hyperandrogenemia in patients with PCOS.

Methods

This is a prospective, interventional, single-arm, proof-of-concept trial performed at a tertiary hospital in Switzerland (August 2018 to July 2020) in 18 premenopausal women with a diagnosis of PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria, total testosterone levels ≥ 1.7 nmol/L, and C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 1.0 mg/L. Patients received 100 mg/day of the IL-1-receptor antagonist anakinra for 28 days and underwent weekly blood sampling until 1 week after the end of treatment. The primary endpoint was the change in serum androstenedione levels on day 7 of treatment, assessed with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Seven of these women participated in a subsequent observational sub-study (May 2021 to December 2021).

Results

Median [interquartile range (IQR)] androstenedione increased by 0.5 [−0.1, 1.6] nmol/L (p = 0.048) with anakinra and by 1.3 [0.08, 2.4] nmol/L [p = 0.38] without anakinra between baseline and day 7. Anakinra reduced CRP levels on days 7, 21, and 28 (p < 0.001) but did not lead to an absolute reduction in androgens. However, four of six patients (67%) had smaller areas under the curves for androstenedione and/or testosterone during the 28-day intervention with anakinra as compared to 28 days without treatment.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that anakinra suppresses IL-1-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation in PCOS and might attenuate biochemical hyperandrogenemia.
Alterations in the plasma proteome persist ten months after recovery from mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Huapaya Julio A. , Gairhe Salina , Kanth Shreya , Tian Xin , Demirkale Cumhur Y. , Regenold David , Sun Jian , Lynch Nicolas F. , Luo Renjie , Forsberg Alisa , Dewar Robin , Rehman Tauseef , Li Willy , Krack Janell , Kuruppu Janaki , Aboye Etsubdink A. , Barnett Christopher , Strich Jeffrey R. , Davey Richard , Childs Richard , Chertow Daniel , Kovacs Joseph A. , Torabi-Parizi Parizad , Suffredini Anthony F.
Published: September 2024

Background

Limited data are available describing the effects of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections on the plasma proteome.

Methods

PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 patients, enrolled in a natural history study, underwent analysis of the plasma proteome. A prospective cohort of 66 unvaccinated and 24 vaccinated persons with different degrees of infection severity were evaluated acutely (within 40 days of symptom onset), and at three and ten months. Comparisons based on vaccination status alone and unsupervised hierarchical clustering were performed. A second cohort of vaccinated Omicron patients were evaluated acutely and at ten months.

Results

Acutely, unvaccinated patients manifested overexpression of proteins involved in immune and inflammatory responses, while vaccinated patients exhibited adaptive immune responses without significant inflammation. At three and ten months, only unvaccinated patients had diminished but sustained inflammatory (C3b, CCL15, IL17RE) and immune responses (DEFA5,TREM1). Both groups had underexpression of pathways essential for cellular function, signaling, and angiogenesis (AKT1, MAPK14, HSPB1) across phases. Unsupervised clustering, based on protein expression, identified four groups of patients with variable vaccination rates demonstrating that additional clinical factors influence the plasma proteome. The proteome of vaccinated Omicron patients did not differ from vaccinated pre-Omicron patients.

Conclusions

Vaccination attenuates the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection across phases. However, at ten months after symptom onset, changes in the plasma proteome persist in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, which may be relevant to post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections associated with post-acute infection syndromes.
Establishment and characterization of an immortalized red river hog blood-derived macrophage cell line
Authors: Takenouchi Takato , Masujin Kentaro , Ikeda Rina , Haraguchi Seiki , Suzuki Shunichi , Uenishi Hirohide , Onda Eiji , Kokuho Takehiro
Published: September 2024

Red river hogs (RRHs) (Potamochoerus porcus), a wild species of Suidae living in Africa with a major distribution in the Guinean and Congolian forests, are natural reservoirs of African swine fever virus (ASFV) and typically are asymptomatic. Since blood and tissue macrophages of suid animals are target cell lineages of ASFV, RRH-derived macrophages are expected to play an important role in suppressing disease development in infected individuals. In the present study, we successfully isolated RRH-derived blood macrophages using co-culture techniques of RRH blood cells with porcine kidney-derived feeder cells and immortalized them by transferring SV40 large T antigen and porcine telomerase reverse transcriptase genes. The newly established macrophage cell line of the RRH-derived blood cell origin (RZJ/IBM) exhibited an Iba1-, CD172a-, and CD203a-positive typical macrophage-like phenotype and up-regulated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB p65 subunit and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in response to the bacterial cell wall components, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and muramyl dipeptide. In addition, RZJ/IBM cells produced the precursor form of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 upon a stimulation with LPS, leading to the conversion of IL-18, but not IL-1β, into the mature form. Time-lapse live cell imaging with pHrodo dye-conjugated Escherichia coli BioParticles demonstrated the phagocytotic activity of RZJ/IBM cells. It is important to note that RZJ/IBM cells are clearly susceptible to ASFV infection and support viral replication in vitro. Therefore, the RZJ/IBM cell line provides a unique model for investigating the pathogenesis of ASFV.
Metagenomic insights into traditional fermentation of rice-based beverages among ethnic tribes in southern Assam, Northeast India
Authors: Yumnam Hanna , Hazarika Parijat , Sharma Indu
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Traditional fermented foods have long been recognized for their numerous health benefits along with their potential to aid in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. These fermented foods have been shown to promote gut health and contribute to a longer, healthier life.

Methods

The high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform was employed to investigate the microbiome communities of rice-based fermented beverages consumed by ethnic tribes in Southern Assam, namely Zeme Naga, Dimasa Kachari, Hmar, Karbi and Tea tribes.

Results

The fermented rice-based beverages were highly predominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria exhibiting the highest relative abundance across all tribes. At genus level, significant abundance of pediococcus, lactobacillus, bacillus, leuconostoc, acetobacter, staphylococcus, delftia, erwinia, klebsiella and chrysebacterium were found amongst these ethnic tribes.

Discussion

Understanding the fermented food microbiome will help to know the relationships between microbial communities and their effect on health of humans amongst the tribes. Furthermore, the use of these fermented products could provide enhanced health benefits to southern Assam region of India.
Effects of wheat germ diet on intestinal antioxidant capacity, immunological function and gut microbiota of Sichuan white geese
Authors: Wang Xin , Jiang Dongmei , An Xiaoguang , Li Shuo , Qi Yuxin , Yang Yujie , Wang Zelong , Sun Qian , Ling Weikang , Ji Chengweng , Qi Yuxuan , Xu Hengyong , Han Chunchun , Zhao Hua , Kang Bo
Published: September 2024

Background

Wheat germ is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and disease resistance properties in animals. However, its effect on the gut of Sichuan white geese remains unclear.

Method

In this study, thirty 250-day-old geese were divided into three equal groups, the control group, LWG group (21.8% wheat germ) and HWG group (43.6% wheat germ), the experiment lasted 12 weeks. We assessed various aspects of geese intestinal health, including barrier function, digestibility, antioxidant capacity, immunity, microbiota, and metabolism.

Results

The study revealed a significant increase in villus height (VH), villus height-to-crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio, amylase, and lipase activities in the duodenum and ileum, increased putrescine levels in the duodenum and jejunum, as well as spermidine levels in the jejunum (P < 0.05). LWG increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the duodenum, while decreasing levels of intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA), serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LWG increased the relative abundance of Oscillospiraceae_unclassified, Ligilactobacillus, and Roseburia, as well as increased levels of acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid, while decreasing the relative abundance of Subdoligranulum, Flavonifractor, and Klebsiella. Additionally, we observed 17 up-regulated genes and 25 down-regulated genes in the jejunum, which are associated with the cell cycle and immunity. These genes play roles in pathways such as the p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle regulation, and pathways associated with immune modulation. On the other hand, HWG increased intestinal VH and spermidine levels, as well as amylase and lipase activities in the duodenum (P < 0.05). It also elevated ileal T-AOC and sIgA levels (P < 0.05), while reducing intestinal MDA content, serum LPS levels, DAO activity, and propionic acid in cecum contents (P < 0.05). Moreover, HWG increased the relative abundance of Ligilactobacillus, Oscillospiraceae_unclassified, and Roseburia (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Overall, wheat germ diets, particularly the LWG diet demonstrated the ability to enhance antioxidant capacity, digestibility, immunity, and barrier properties of the intestinal tract, while modulating the gut microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, wheat germ diets hold promise in improving intestinal health by preserving barrier function and regulating flora structure.
Targeting non-coding RNAs to overcome osimertinib resistance in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zeng Beilei , Gan Kelun , Yu Yuanhang , Hu Jianping , Deng Qiao , Yin Chong , Gao Xi
Published: September 2024

Osimertinib, a third-generation inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, exhibits remarkable efficacy in prolonging the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying EGFR mutations, surpassing the efficacy of first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinases. Nevertheless, the emergence of osimertinib resistance is inevitable, necessitating an investigation into the underlying mechanisms. Increasing evidence has revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, play a significant role in the development and progression of lung cancer. These ncRNAs regulate essential signaling pathways, offering a novel avenue for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of osimertinib resistance. Recent studies have reported the significant impact of ncRNAs on osimertinib resistance, achieved through various mechanisms that modulate treatment sensitivity. We provide a concise overview of the functions and underlying mechanisms of extensively researched ncRNAs in the development of osimertinib resistance and emphasize their potential clinical application in EGFR-mutated NSCLC resistant to osimertinib. Finally, we discuss the obstacles that must be addressed to effectively translate ncRNA-based approaches into clinical practice.
Genomic alterations in the stepwise progression from normal mucosa to metastasizing oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jensen Jakob Myllerup , Sjöstedt Sannia Mia Svenningsen , Carmona Javiera Laing , Ahlborn Lise Barlebo , Vieira Filipe Garrett , Nielsen Finn Cilius , Kiss Katalin , Grønhøj Christian , von Buchwald Christian
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic changes that occur in the development from dysplasia, cancer and to regional metastases in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Material and methods

We included OSCC patients with lymph node metastases at diagnosis, treated with primary surgery at Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen in the period 2007-2014. The resected tumor specimens were evaluated by a pathologist, who marked areas of morphologically normal tissue and dysplasia surrounding the cancer, two areas from the cancer tissue, and one area within the lymph node metastases. From these areas a punch biopsy was taken, and DNA from each sample was extracted and sequenced using Illumina’s TSO500 HT cancer panel.

Results

From 51 OSCC patients, 255 samples were included, comprising a wide variety of genomic alterations. Substantial intratumor heterogeneity was found. The most commonly mutated gene was TP53, mutated in 65% of all samples. Only two patients had no TP53 mutation in any samples. We found that morphologically normal appearing mucosa as well as surrounding dysplasia also contained malignant mutations, supporting the theory of field cancerization. There was a significant lower average tumor mutational burden (TMB) in the lymph node metastases compared to the primary tumors, supporting the theory of clonal selection.

Conclusion

Substantial inter- and intratumor genomic heterogeneity was found. Mutation of TP53 was the most common and was present in all but two patients. Our data strongly supports the theory of clonal selection and the theory of field cancerization.
Case Report: Reflection on a case of splenic abscess in a child
Authors: Zhou Tao , Liu Yongfang
Published: September 2024

Splenic abscesses (SA), especially in children, are rare in clinical practice. The missed diagnosis rate of SA is high and the probability of rapidly diagnosing it is relatively low due to its low incidence rate and the presence of non-specific clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations. Antibiotics are the primary treatment for SA; however, ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture suction or drainage, and splenectomy are other effective treatment strategies. In this study, we report one case of SA in a 16-year-old male patient who presented with abdominal pain, fever, and cough, and the therapeutic effect was unsatisfactory (recurrent fever). After admission, the patient was diagnosed with a solitary SA by abdominal CT with contrast and upper abdominal MRI; fever and abdominal pain were relieved and the SA gradually disappeared after antibiotic treatment.
Kaempferol activates chloride secretion via the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and expression of CFTR in T84 cells
Authors: Thaweewattanodom Janjira , Deachapunya Chatsri , Poonyachoti Sutthasinee
Published: September 2024

Kaempferol is a flavonol identified as the most potent activator of chloride (Cl−) secretion among other flavonoids in airway epithelial cells. This study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which kaempferol stimulates Cl− secretion in the T84 human colon carcinoma cell line by Ussing chambers and voltage clamp technique. Bilateral addition of kaempferol (1–100 µM) increased short-circuit current (Isc) in a concentration-dependent manner. Ion substitution of Cl− or CFTR inhibitors NPPB and glibenclamide or a Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter inhibitor bumetanide attenuated kaempferol-induced Isc response. In permeabilized monolayers, selective channel inhibitors CFTRinh-172 and CaCCinh-A01 inhibited kaempferol-induced apical Cl− current (ICl), and K+ blockers BaCl2 and clotrimazole inhibited basolateral K+ current (IKb). The kaempferol-induced ICl showed no additive effects with forskolin or 8cpt-cAMP. The kaempferol-induced ICl was mostly abolished by protein kinase A inhibitor H89, but not by tyrosine kinase inhibitors, AG490 and tyrphostin A23, or tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate. Treatment with kaempferol for 24 h increased the expression of CFTR protein as determined by the Western blot analysis. These results demonstrated that kaempferol activates Cl− secretion across T84 cells by activating the apical Cl− current and basolateral K+ current. The mechanisms may involve the cAMP/PKA pathway and CFTR expression. Taken together, these findings reveal the beneficial effects of kaempferol to increase fluid secretion which can be used to treat constipation.
Automated size-specific dosimetry for chest posterior–anterior projection radiography
Authors: Dedulle An , Fitousi Niki , Marshall Nicholas , Bosmans Hilde
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Chest radiography is a frequently performed examination, and therefore, accurate patient dosimetry is important. One means of increasing dosimetric accuracy is through the use of size-specific dosimetry, and the aim of this work was to determine which patients would benefit from such a methodology applied in chest posterior–anterior (PA) projection radiography.

Methods

A database of 44 voxel models was created from CT scans, representing adults with BMI from underweight, normal, overweight, and obese classes. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to generate dose conversion factors for each model. Correlation curves of the dose conversion factors with water equivalent diameter (WED) of the 44 voxel phantoms were obtained. A total of 8,536 chest PA examinations acquired between 2015 and 2019 using three X-ray systems were then retrospectively collected; 4,748 men (median age: 61 ± 21 years) and 3,788 women (median age: 60 ± 23 years). The WED of the patients was estimated from the ratio of detector air-kerma to incident air-kerma, using parameters in the DICOM header of the images. For all patients, a size-specific conversion factor was selected automatically using the relation between WED and dose conversion factor determined for the phantoms. The size-specific organ doses and effective doses were calculated based on these conversion factors, and then compared to the standard effective dose calculation with a paired test.

Results

The lung doses ranged from 7 μGy to 96 μGy and had a good correlation with patient size in terms of WED (p < 0.01, R² between 0.52 and 0.77). The doses for thyroid ranged from 2 μGy to 42 μGy and correlated strongly with the patient size (p < 0.01, R² between 0.65 and 0.85). Breast doses ranged from 2 μGy to 13 μGy, and the correlation with the patient size was weak (p < 0.01, R2 between 0.01 and 0.28). The size-specific effective dose ranged from 4 μSv to 42 μSv. The difference between the size-specific and standard effective dose ranged from −35% to 69% (p < 0.01), with differences exceeding ± 20% for 37% of the cases.

Discussion

In conclusion, the method presented in this study enables automated size-specific dosimetry, within the proposed maximum deviation of ± 20%, and should be considered for routine application.
The impact of simulated 3x3 tournament on vertical jump force-time metrics in national team male basketball players
Authors: Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Aleksic Jelena , Krsman Darko , Cabarkapa Damjana V. , Philipp Nicolas M. , Fry Andrew C.
Published: September 2024

With innovative portable force plate systems being widely implemented for lower-body neuromuscular performance assessment in an applied sports setting and the existing gap in the scientific literature regarding player performance during in-game competitive scenarios, the purpose of the present study was to compare changes in countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) performance pre-post a simulated 3×3 basketball tournament. Seven current or former members of a 3×3 national basketball team volunteered to participate in the present investigation. Upon completing standardized warm-up procedures, athletes stepped on a uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1,000 Hz and performed three maximal-effort CVJs with no arm swing. Then, the athletes proceeded to play a simulated 3×3 basketball tournament composed of two consecutive games, separated by a 15-min rest interval. Immediately following the completion of the second game, the identical CVJ testing procedures were repeated. Paired sample t-tests were used to examine pre-post-tournament differences in nineteen CVJ performance metrics (p < 0.05). The results reveal that force-time metrics during both eccentric and concentric phases of the CVJ remain relatively unchanged pre-post simulated 3×3 basketball tournament. However, multiple force-time metrics within the eccentric phase of the CVJ changed by 12.1%–19.1% (e.g., eccentric peak power and peak velocity, eccentric duration), suggesting that the eccentric phase of CVJ might be responsive to performance stimulus to a greater extent than the concentric phase. Overall, these findings further support the importance of comprehensive CVJ analysis when intending to measure changes in neuromuscular performance.