bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Virtual Earth Observation Constellations in Archaeological Research
Authors: Agapiou Athos , Alexakis Dimitrios D. , Hadjimitsis Diofantos G.
Published: September 2019

Earth observation sensors continually provide datasets with different spectral and spatial characteristics, while a series of pre- and postprocessing techniques are needed for calibration purposes. Nowadays, a variety of satellite images have become accessible to researchers, while big data cloud platforms allow them to deal with an extensive number of datasets. However, there is still difficulty related to these sensors meeting specific needs and challenges such as those of cultural heritage and supporting archaeological research world-wide. The harmonization and synergistic use of different sensors can be used in order to maximize the impact of earth observation sensors and enhance their benefit to the scientific community. In this direction, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) has proposed the concept of virtual constellations, which is defined as “a coordinated set of space and/or ground segment capabilities from different partners that focuses on observing a particular parameter or set of parameters of the Earth system”. This paper provides an overview of existing and future earth observation sensors, the various levels of interoperability as proposed by Wulder et al., and presents some preliminary results from the Thessalian plain in Greece using integrated optical and radar Sentinel images. The potential for archaeolandscape studies using virtual constellations is discussed here.
Applying OGC Sensor Web Enablement Standards to Develop a TDR Multi-Functional Measurement Model
Authors: Chung Chih-Chung , Huang Chih-Yuan , Guan Chih-Ray , Jian Ji-Hao
Published: September 2019

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is considered as a passive monitoring technique which reveals multi-functions, such as water level, bridge scour, landslide, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC), based on a single TDR device via multiplexing and related algorithms. The current platform for revealing TDR analysis and interpreted observations, however, is complex to access, thus a coherent data model and format for TDR heterogeneous data exchange is useful and necessary. To enhance the interoperability of TDR information, this research aims at standardizing the TDR data based on the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards. To be specific, this study proposes a TDR sensor description model and an observation model based on the Sensor Model Language (SensorML) and Observation and Measurement (O&M) standards. In addition, a middleware was developed to translate existing TDR information to a Sensor Observation Service (SOS) web service. Overall, by standardizing TDR data with the OGC SWE open standards, relevant information for disaster management can be effectively and efficiently integrated in an interoperable manner.
3D Printing of BaTiO3 Piezoelectric Ceramics for a Focused Ultrasonic Array
Authors: Cheng Jian , Chen Yan , Wu Jun-Wei , Ji Xuan-Rong , Wu Shang-Hua
Published: September 2019

BaTiO3 (BTO) ceramics were fabricated based on stereolithography technology. The microstructures and electric properties of the BTO ceramics were studied. X-ray patterns of sintered BTO ceramics indicated that the tetragonal phase had formed, and the grain size increased clearly as BTO weight percentage increased. Moreover, the BTO ceramics exhibited good electric properties, with a piezoelectric constant d33 of 166 pC/N at 80% BTO weight percentage. To evaluate the properties of 3D printed BTO ceramics, a 1.4 MHz focused ultrasonic array was fabricated and characterized. The −6dB bandwidth of the array was 40%, and the insertion loss at the center frequency was 50 dB. The results show that the printed BTO ceramics array have good potential to be used in ultrasonic transducers for various applications.
Virus-Like Particle Systems for Vaccine Development against Viruses in the Flaviviridae Family
Authors: Wong Shu Hui , Jassey Alagie , Wang Jonathan Y. , Wang Wei-Cheng , Liu Ching-Hsuan , Lin Liang-Tzung
Published: September 2019

Viruses in the Flaviviridae family are important human and animal pathogens that impose serious threats to global public health. This family of viruses includes emerging and re-emerging viruses, most of which are transmitted by infected mosquito or tick bites. Currently, there is no protective vaccine or effective antiviral treatment against the majority of these viruses, and due to their growing spread, several strategies have been employed to manufacture prophylactic vaccines against these infectious agents including virus-like particle (VLP) subunit vaccines. VLPs are genomeless viral particles that resemble authentic viruses and contain critical repetitive conformational structures on their surface that can trigger the induction of both humoral and cellular responses, making them safe and ideal vaccine candidates against these viruses. In this review, we focus on the potential of the VLP platform in the current vaccine development against the medically important viruses in the Flaviviridae family.
A Modeling Approach for Assessing Groundwater Resources of a Large Coral Island under Future Climate and Population Conditions: Gan Island, Maldives
Authors: Deng Chenda , Bailey Ryan
Published: September 2019

This study assesses the future groundwater supply of a large coral island, Gan Island, Republic of Maldives, under influences of rainfall patterns, sea level rise, and population growth. The method described in this paper can be used to estimate the future groundwater supply of other coral islands. Gan is the largest inhabited island (598 ha) of the Republic of Maldives with a population of approximately 4500. An accurate estimate of groundwater supply in the coming decades is important for island water security measures. To quantify future groundwater volumes in Gan, a three-dimensional, density-dependent groundwater and solute transport model was created using the SUTRA (Saturated Unsaturated Transport) modeling code. The Gan model was tested against observed groundwater salinity concentrations and then run for the 2012–2050 period to compare scenarios of future rainfall (from General Circulation Models), varying rates of population growth (i.e., groundwater pumping), and sea level rise. Results indicate that the total fresh groundwater volume increases approximately 20% if only future rainfall patterns are considered. If moderate pumping is included (2% annual population growth rate), the volume increases only by 13%; with aggressive pumping (9% annual population growth rate), the volume decreases by 24%. Sea level rise and associated shoreline recession leads to an additional 15–20% decrease in lens thickness and lens volume. Results can be used to make decisions about water resource management on Gan and other large coral islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Methods used herein can be applied to any coral island to explore future groundwater security.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Different Modeling Approaches in Forested Areas (Sample of Çankırı-Yapraklı)
Authors: BUĞDAY Ender
Published: September 2019

The
effective management of forest resources is very important for the future of
the forest and to meet both ecological and economic needs. In this study, it is
aimed to contribute to the applicability of modeling in practice by identifying
regions that may be landslide in forest areas via different modeling
approaches. A total of six models were created by using four criteria
(elevation, slope, aspect and stream power index) and using Fuzzy Inference
System (FIS) and Modified-Analytic Hierarchy Process (M-AHP) approaches in this
study. The model’s performance was measured using the Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC) curve and Area Under Curve (AUC). According to the results
of study, the most successful model was determined as FIS Model 1 with the AUC
value of 82.1% and M-AHP Model 1 with the AUC value of 80.9%. This study
provides important outputs that indicates the potential benefits of using
landslide susceptibility mapping in the fields of forest harvesting, road
network planning and forest management.
СПРОТИВ ПРИГНІЧЕННЮ: УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: Кириченко В.
Published: September 2019

Досліджуються історичні витоки права на спротив пригніченню, доктринальні концепції цього права, його відображення в позитивному праві. Аналізується український досвід використання jus resistendi.
СУДОВИЙ ЗАХИСТ КОНСТИТУЦІЇ ЯК ОСОБЛИВА ФОРМА ПРАВОЗАХИСНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ СУЧАСНОЇ ДЕРЖАВИ: ГЕНЕЗИС, ОСНОВНІ МОДЕЛІ
Authors: Копча В.
Published: September 2019

У статті досліджено місце судового захисту конституції як особливої форми правозахисної функції сучасної держави. З’ясовано етапи еволюції судового конституційного контролю та зазначено ознаки його основних моделей. Зроблено висновок, що розвиток централізованої системи судового захисту конституції (кельзенівської моделі) є провідною тенденцією в цій сфері і однією з тенденцій розвитку конституціоналізму в ХХІ столітті.
СИСТЕМА АДМІНІСТРАТИВНИХ ЗАХОДІВ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО КОНТРОЛЮ ЗА СУДДЯМИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Нестор Н.
Published: September 2019

У статті характеризується система різноманітних способів здійснення адміністративних процедур контролю суб’єктами громадянського суспільства, зокрема в рамках таких форм, як моніторинг (спостереження, аналіз) та експертиза. Зазначається, що досить часто один і той же спосіб контролю може кореспондуватися з множиною адміністративних процедур його здійснення. Автор доводить, що інші форми (перевірка, оцінювання, корегування персонального складу суддівського корпусу, органів суддівського врядування та суддівського самоврядування, керівництва суду та Державної судової адміністрації України, нормотворчість) адміністративно-правовому статусу суб’єктів громадського контролю не властиві.
ЧИ ПОТРІБНА МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ВИКОНАВЧОГО ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА?
Authors: Денисова Т.
Published: September 2019

У статті визначено проблеми, що вказують на необхідність модернізації кримінально-виконавчого законодавства у зв’язку із запровадженням масштабної правової реформи. Розглянуто питання кримінально-правової та кримінально-виконавчої політики. Указано на розгалужений арсенал наявних заходів кримінально-правового та кримінально-виконавчого впливу на осіб, які вчинили злочин. Визначено проблеми, що впливають на якість кримінально-виконавчого законодавства.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СВЯЩЕННОСЛУЖИТЕЛІВ (КАПЕЛАНІВ) В УСТАНОВАХ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ВИКОНАВЧОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ ТА ОРГАНАХ ПРОБАЦІЇ
Authors: Кирилюк В.
Published: September 2019

У статті розглядаються окремі питання нормативно-правового регулювання права засуджених на свободу віросповідання в умовах відбування покарання в установах виконання покарань та органах пробації, а також діяльності священнослужителів (капеланів) відповідно до міжнародних нормативно-правових актів та вітчизняного законодавства
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ПОГЛЯДІВ НА ПРОЦЕС ВИКОНАННЯ ТА ВІДБУВАННЯ ПОКАРАННЯ У ВИДІ ПОЗБАВЛЕННЯ ВОЛІ
Authors: Крикушенко О.
Published: September 2019

У статті здійснено історико-правовий огляд етапів формування і трансформації інститутів виконання та відбування покарання у виді позбавлення волі, акцентовано увагу на тих видозмінах, що відбулися упродовж XX – початку XXI ст.
ПРО КРИМІНОЛОГІЧНУ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКУ ЗЛОЧИНІВ, ЩО ВЧИНЯЮТЬСЯ У СФЕРІ ВИКОНАННЯ ПОКАРАНЬ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Попельнюк Т.
Published: September 2019

У статті здійснено кримінологічний аналіз злочинів, учинених в установах виконання покарань упродовж 1991–2018 років, а також визначено закономірності та тенденції, що склалися в цей період, які варто враховувати при організації запобіжної діяльності з цих питань.
EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF THE IMPLANT PLACEMENT IMMEDIATELY AFTER TOOTH EXTRACTION
Authors: Ngo Vinh Phuc , Tran Tan Tai , Huynh Van Duong
Published: September 2019

Background: The concept of immediate implant loading has recently become popular due to less trauma, reduction in overall treatment time, decrease in hard and soft tissue resorption, increase in patient’s acceptance, along with better function, aesthetics and has a psychological satisfaction to the patient. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of implant placement immediately after tooth extraction.

Materials and method: The study consisted of 32 patients with 43 implants have been placed immediately after tooth extraction in the Odonto-Maxillo-Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City. Evaluation results after dental implants 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months.

Results: Good clinical results after 1 week was 55.8%, after 3 months and 6 months were 100%. After 1 week of implant placement, good healing took 59.4%. After 1 month, 3 months and 6 months, 100% of the patients are well healed. After 3 months, 6 months without any implant has the status of shaky. Most dental implants have good levels of bone graft. The level of good after 3 months of implants was 72.1% and after 6 months all cases are good. The success rate for dental implants was up to 97.7%, failing only 2.3%. After 3 months the implants had a good level of 72.1% and after 6 months, all cases were good. Patients with success in implant placement accounted for a high rate of 97.7%, failure only accounted for 2.3%.

Conclusions: Success rate in immediate implant is high. It is necessary to develop this method to restore lost teeth to achieve optimum results.

Key words: Dental implant, immediate implant after tooth extraction
Effect of year and irrigation on yield and quantity of different potato varieties
Authors: Ábrahám Babett Éva , Sárvári Mihály
Published: September 2019

dramatically in the last few decades. We are lagging behind Western European countries as regards yields. The ecological conditions are not favourable for potato, but the low yields other causes: the use of non-suitable seed, the low level of irrigation and nutrient supply and out of date machinery. The competitiveness of production is further decreased by the great alternation in yields from year to year, unpredictable market conditions, poor consumption habit, and often the lack of quality products.The experiment was carried out at the experimental site of the University of Debrecen, Farm and Regional Research Institute, at Látókép. In our experiment, we examined the yield and selected quality parameters of 9 medium-early varieties in large parcels. Of the examined varieties, 3 are of Dutch, and 6 are of Hungarian breeding.The experiment was set up in 2004 and 2005, on 50 m2 parcels on calcareous chernozem soil after winter wheat (2004) and two rowed barley (2005) as a forecrop. The varieties were examined in 4 repetitions in randomized blocks, of which two repetitions were irrigated, and two were non-irrigated. We examined the yields of the varieties, the distribution of tubers according to size and their percentages and changes, and selected parameters of quality and chemical composition due to irrigation. We studied the dry matter content, the starch content, the underwater mass, the amount of reducing sugars, and the colour index of frying of the tubers.Summary, it can be stated that among the agrotechniques, year effect, variety and irrigation factors have considerable impact on potato yield quality and quantity. However, the impact of irrigation depends on the year effect.
The effect of sowing time on the yield and the variance of the seed moisture content a harvest of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids
Authors: Molnár Zsuzsa , Sárvári Mihály
Published: September 2019

Sowing time is an important crop technology element of maize. We studied the effect of this factor on the growth and production of maize in an experiment carried out near Hajdúböszörmény, in 2003 and 2004, and near Debrecen, in 2005.The soils of the experiments were humic gley soil and chernozem. Weather in both years differed greatly. 2003 was drought. Neither the distribution, nor the quantity of the precipitation were suitable in the growing season for maize. This fact basically determined the results.In 2004 and in 2005, there were favorable and rainy seasons. The distribution and quantity of precipitation were suitable between April and September. The average temperature was also suitable for maize.In 2003, we tested seven hybrids at four sowing times. Hybrids with a shorter vegetation period gave the highest yield at the later sowing time, while the hybrids with a longer vegetation period gave them at the earlier sowing time. The yield of PR34B97, PR36N70, PR36M53 hybrids were the best at every sowing times. The moisture loss of hybrids in the late maturity group was faster in the maturity season, but the seed moisture content was higher than the hybrids with early sowing time. The seed moisture content was very low due to the droughty year. In two hybrid cases, this value was higher than 20% only at the fourth sowing time.In 2004, we examined the yield and seed moisture contents of nine hybrids. In the favorable crop year, the yield of every hybrid was the highest at the second and third sowing times. Yields of PR34H31 and PR38B85 hybrids were significant. The seed moisture content at harvest was higher than the previous year, due to the rainy season. In the case of hybrids sown later, this value was higher by 30%. However, we noticed that this value was lower at the earlier sowing time, than at the later.In 2005, we applied three sowing times. Unfortunately, the results of the third sowing time could not be analyzed, due to the low plant density. The yield of the six hybrids varied from 12 to 14 t/ha at the first sowing time. At the second sowing time, the yields fluctuated and each hybrid had the lowest yield, except the PR37D25 hybrid. At the latest sowing time, the yield of the PR34B97 hybrid was the lowest. However, this low yield was due to damage from the Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera) imago. The moisture content at harvest of the hybrids varied from 16 to 24% at the first sowing time. Yields at the second sowing time were higher. The low yield of the PR34B97 hybrid coupled with a higher seed moisture content. In addition, the maximum value of the LAI was more favourable at the first sowing time, and ranged between 5-5.5 m2/m2.The crop year had a more dynamic effect on maize than the sowing time. First of all, the quantity and distribution of precipitation played an important role in respect to yield safety.
Quality comparison of selected apple cultivars under ULO-storage
Authors: Rakonczás Nándor
Published: September 2019

Our examination was carried out in the 103 ha apple orchard of the Kasz-Coop Ltd.. The plantation works with modern varieties standing on M9 root stock, planted in a tree density of 2500 tree/ha and treated with professional integrated technology. The date of harvest is defined by a combination of several ripening analyses methods. The orchard has its own ULO-system warehouse.Used in the experiment were four apple varieties: ’Idared’, ’Golden Reinders’, ’Jonagold’ and ’Braeburn’.While under ULO-storage, we took 20-25 piece samples 6 times regarding the four varieties, from which 5-5 pieces were kept under three weeks’ shelf life, measured on a weekly bases. In our research, we analysed the dynamics of the flesh firmness and the refractometric value under ULO-storage and three weeks’ shelf life, and the standard deviation dynamics of the refractometric value under ULO-storage.Analyses were based on the following measurements: flesh firmness, refractometric value and number of mature seeds.We looked for morphological and morphological-quality correlations.Through these we described the dynamics of the flesh firmness and the refractometric value under ULO-storage and three weeks’ shelf life for each variety. We referred to the stability of these attributes and to the dynamics of their change. Later, with the help of these, and also considering our practical experience related to the measurements, we characterised the four varieties.We found a positive correlation between the seed number and the flesh firmness in the case of the ‘Idared’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Braeburn’ varieties, but no correlation was found in the case of ‘Golden Reinders’ in this concern. We visualized the standard deviation dynamics of the refractometric values under ULO-storage. This allowed us to categorise the varieties.
The effect of different herbicide on the number and activity of living microorganisms in soil
Authors: Sándor Zsolt
Published: September 2019

Sustainable plant growth, considering the difficulties of weed elimination, cannot be effective without the application of herbicides. However, these chemicals have enormous ecological implications, including effects on the microbiological communities of soils. It is advisable to use herbicides that have minimal secondary effects on the environment and soil-living microorganisms. In contrast, herbicides with prolonged growth stimulating or inhibiting effects are not suitable, because both types have strong influences on the number and activity of bacteria, thus causing changes in the ecological equilibrium.Preceding small plot experiments, laboratory tests were carried out to study the effect of herbicides used in maize cultures on the number of bacteria and growth of microscopic fungi.Substances that were observed to have stronger influences were applied in small plot experiments set up in the experimental garden of the Department of Plant Protection of the University of Debrecen. We studied the effects of four herbicides (Acenit A88EC, Frontier 900 EC, Merlin SC and Wing EC) on the microbiological properties of the soil. These herbicides were used in different concentrations in maize culture, and we investigated the effects in different soil layers.In the laboratory experiments, we determined the total number of bacteria and microscopic fungi and examined the growth of Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium oxysporum on peptone-glucose agar containing herbicides.During the small plot experiments, soil samples were collected 3 times a year from 2-20 cm depth. The total numbers of bacteria and microscopic fungi were determined by plate dilution method, while the method of most probable number (Pochon method) was used to determine the numbers of nitrifying bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria. To evaluate the microbiological activity of the soil samples we measured carbon-dioxide release (after 10 days incubation), nitrate production (after 14 days incubation) and the concentration of C and N in the biomass.We can summarize our results as follows:• In laboratory experiments, herbicides caused a decrease in the number of bacteria and inhibited the growth of microscopic fungi.• Frontier 900 EC and Acenit A 880 EC had the strongest inhibiting effect on microorganisms.• In small plot experiments, herbicide treatment decreased the total number of bacteria and microscopic fungi.• Herbicides caused a significant increase in the number of nitrifying and cellulose decomposing bacteria.• Different herbicides containing the same active compound had similar influences on soil microoorganisms.• A significant increase was observed in the physiological processes of tolerant microorganisms surviving the effects of herbicides
Young-making of sour cherry cultivars and examination of their regenerative characteristics
Authors: Szentpéteri Tamás , Király Katalin , Dani Tünde , Gonda István
Published: September 2019

Although a high portion of domestic orchards is cultivated extensively, quality Hungarian sour cherry is a highly demanded product throughout Europe. Trees are slightly pruned, or not pruned at all. Thanks to the unique character of the species, older wood parts are pilling up. Thus, the interior of the canopy is inactive, fruits and shoots confine the exterior layer of the canopy.We established pruning treatments in the sour cherry plantation in the Horticultural Exhibition Garden of the University of Debrecen, involving two age groups in two spacings. The trees are standing on seedling rootstock. The involved varieties were: Érdi bőtermő, Debreceni bőtermő and Kántorjánosi. We examined how to encourage shoot formation and the regeneration of older, pilling wood of the interior canopy parts.Applying strong rejuvenating cuts, the most shoots were generated on the 3rd and 4th year laterals. Wood parts older than the 3rd year shall be removed by leaving short (2-3cm) stubs. This way, older, passive woodparts can also be made to burst out. From the examined varieties the Kántorjánosi showed the most favourable regenerative ability. Due to summer pruning, more shoots regenerated on the axis of the trees, than on those rejuvenated in the dormant season.
Application of the SDS-PAGE method for the characterisation of winter wheat flour quality
Authors: Tóth Árpád , Sipos Péter , Borbély Mária , Uri Csilla , Győri Zoltán
Published: September 2019

The principle, development and importance of the SDS-PAGE method are presented in this article. The SDS-PAGE method has become one of the basic methods of molecular biological research, because it is widely applicable and its sensitivity is excellent in the separation of wheat storage proteins.We have shown the application of this method with a concrete example. It was also tested whether, it was possible to obtain a better baking quality product from a large amount of poor quality less valuable wheat by fractioning the flour according to particle sizes after grinding. We studied the rheological properties of flours with different particle size fractions from the original flour. The baking quality of the original flour was B2. The 125-90 and 90-63 μm fractions have significantly better baking quality (B1) than the original flour. The protein contents of these flour fractions were also significantly higher than the protein content of the original flour. We had a question: what has influenced the baking quality: the protein content or other factors? We searched for an explanation on these results in the protein composition of the flour samples. We studied the distribution of glutenin-fractions by SDS-PAGE method and evaluated them. We found with correlation analysis that the amount of LMW-Glutenin D-group (52-60 kDa) is in a strong, negative correlation to the baking quality (r = – 0.855*). Therefore, the baking quality of flour samples was influenced by this glutenin fraction.
Advancement of a Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Selection System
Authors: Tóth Szilárd , Kovács Oskolás Henriett
Published: September 2019

All the research in Hungary and other countries in Europe focus on improving the quality of crops and increasing the competitiveness of production.In this respect, we have to advance the conventional technological elements, reduce the application of pesticides and fertilizers, and produce new varieties suitable for environmentally-sound production. In our crop breeding programs, we applied conventional and biotechnological methods (embryo rescue and double haploid methods) in order to get somaclonal and gametoclonal variations.We produced winter wheat lines (HP-31-95, HP-82-96) by traditional way, which have high baking qualities and high nutrient efficiency. Some diseases can limit the quantity and quality of a wheat crop. We examined several wheat diseases in our winter wheat candidates, and we found that our progenies have resistance to leaf rust.With respect to a serious problem was the small quantity of applied fertilizers and the other externals, our research focused onto advance a common wheat selection system, with the help of it, we can handle these problems. We have summarized that our selected progenies can compete with the registered varieties with quality and environmental respect.
N-Phenyl-Phthalamic Acid and Fertilization Effects on Flowering, Fruit Set and Fruit Quality of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Authors: Racskó József
Published: September 2019

On seven apple cultivars (Gala Must, Gloster, Granny Smith, Idared, Jonagold, Jonathan Csány 1, Mutsu), the authors studied the influence of N-phenyl-phthalamic (PPA) acid and fertilization on flowering, fruit set and fruit quality in the years 2003-2004. The research results showed that PPA application extended the flowering time of the most cultivars. Fruit set of apple cultivars increased in many cases when regulator was applied. The additional nutrient supply could increase the fruit set too. The increase of fruit set increased the number of fruit per tree. Quality parameters determined by fertilization and fruit number per tree. For example, when N-phenyl-phthalamic acid was applied without fertilization the fruit number per tree increased considerably however, it caused a considerable frittering away. The reason for this is that fruit set was high and fruit received not enough nutrition for growing up. The skin colour of fruits was decreased in several cases by the treatments. In one respect the enlarged fruit number was shaded the others and the fertilization increased the vegetative shading leaf area.
Crop Load, Fruit Thinning and their Effects on Fruit Quality of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Authors: Racskó József
Published: September 2019

Crop load, a quantitative parameter used by industry, is generally defined as the number of fruit per tree. It is often expressed in terms of number of fruit per trunk cross-sectional area (fruit/TCSA). Crop load is the most important of all factors that influence fruit size, and the removing of a part of the crop is the most effective way to improve fruit size.The potential size of a given pome fruit is determined early in the season and growth proceeds at a relatively uniform rate thereafter. This uniform growth rate permits the accurate prediction of the harvest size of the fruit as early as mid-summer. The growth rate, once established, is not easily altered, and fruit numbers, therefore, can affect fruit size only within definite limits and maximum effectiveness requires adjustment in fruit numbers relatively early in the season. It was established, that „thinning does not change a potentially small fruit into a large fruit, but rather insures that a potentially large fruit will size properly.” Emphasis should be on estimating fruit numbers rather than fruit size.Fruit thinning can quickly reach the point of diminishing returns. Rather than a high percentage of large fruits, the objectives of thinning should be the elimination of the smallest fruits, improved fruit quality and annual production. Fruit thinning is accomplished by hand or chemical thinning. Chemical thinners are separated into categories as bloom thinners and post-bloom thinners. Early removal of potential fruit (blossom thinning) is currently used in many apple producing areas to enhance flower initiation for next year’s crop and thus, return bloom. It also results in reduced competition for photosynthates. Blossom thinners usually have a caustic effect on floral parts.The amount of fruit left on a tree should be determined by the vigor and general condition of the tree. Leaf area per fruit affects the number of spurs flowering the following season. It can be difficult to separate timing and fruit number effects in crop loading studies, as abscission rates after hand thinning of retained flowers/fruitlets tend to very with the time of hand thinning.
Comparison of Reproductive Performance of the Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus, L.) Among Different Regions
Authors: Majzinger István
Published: September 2019

The potential and actual number of offspring of roe deer and the difference between these figures (prenatal and postnatal loss) significantly vary in each population yearly. The objective of this study is to examine the potential and actual number of offspring, the number of losses, and to find a link between the most important biological characteristics of does (body weight – BW, condition – KFI) and the number of raised offspring on four territories on the Great Hungarian Plain.Where the number of corpora lutea (CL) is the highest, there the losses are the highest as well, and the number of raised offspring is the lowest (region I.). Here, the rearing loss is double that of the weakest territory (region IV.). Rearing losses can be associated with the fenotype of does (BW, KFI) but environmental factors also have determinative importance. Where the number of twin-calving does was the highest, I found four times more does without a fawn than where the number of twin-calving does was the lowest. The nursing success was the best (the losses were lowest) in the region where the potential offspring (number of CL) was also the lowest, but the coverage of the habitat and the proportion of forests were largest. The food supply for the animals in autumn and winter are not enough, the structure of the habitat has to be improved as well, so that it might become adequate for game protection in extreme weather conditions.The results have to be considered as preliminary ones. It is essential to continue and extend the research to increase the reliability of the results.
Basic Research for the Development of Fertiliser Spreaders
Authors: Csizmazia Zoltán , Nagy Polyák Ilona , Kőkuti Attila
Published: September 2019

The knowledge of the physical characteristics of fertiliser particles is essential for the constructors and operators of fertiliser distributors. Among physical characteristics, the most important are the frictional and aerodynamic properties for the description of particle movement. Adjustable angled slopes, shearing boxes and various rotating disks are used to identify frictional properties. We have developed a high precision shearing box with digital force measuring cells and a distance signaller (incremental transducer) that we use for slide tests efficiently. We measured the frictional characteristics of 6 different fertilisers: the inner coefficient of friction and the coefficient of friction on ten test surfaces most commonly used in machinery, and we specified the relationship between displacement, loading and the coefficient of friction. We can conclude that the material of the frictional surface significantly influences the force of friction.However, our experience tells us that the shearing box is not suitable for the measurement of the inner friction, since the examined particles slide on the metal surface of the shearing box in a growing extent in the course of displacement, so it does not measure the real inner friction. Therefore, in our experiment we have developed rotating shearing equipment with a constant shearing surface to identify the inner friction. We tested the equipment with fertilisers and we identified the inner frictional characteristics of 6 different fertilisers. With the developed rotating shearing apparatus we could measure the real inner friction of the particles.To identify the aerodynamic characteristics of granules, wind tunnels and free-fall tests are used. An elutriator have been developed for our investigation. We have used fertilisers for testing the measuring equipment and we have identified the aerodynamic characteristics of 6 different fertilisers.
Perancangan Board Game Edukatif Untuk Mengenalkan Cita-Cita Bagi Anak Usia 6-9 Tahun
Authors: Nasrulloh Muhammad , Noviadji Benny Rahmawan , Kristalydia Ime
Published: September 2019

Permainan yang baik dan mendidik akan membantu perkembangan otak serta moral anak. Namun, anak-anak lebih terfokus pada permainannya dan mulai kurang memperhatikan pendidikannya. Untuk mengembalikan minat belajarnya, diperlukan motivasi dengan memberikan gambaran tentang masa depannya, guna untuk mengarahkan anak-anak dalam mengeksplorasi cita-cita dan tujuan mereka. Digunakan metode gamifying, yang memasukkan unsur pembelajaran dalam permainan yang menyenangkan sehingga menjadikan anak-anak menikmati proses pembelajaran tanpa terbeban. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan, adalah kuantitatif dengan cara wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion, sedangkan untuk kualitatif dilakukan dengan kuesioner. Anak akan diajak untuk bermain bersama, sambil mencocokan keahlian tiap profesi serta mengenal kesukaan serta kemampuan masing-masing anak Setelah selesai melengkapi kartu profesi beserta kartu keahliannya, anak akan diajak untuk mengenal bangunan tempat profesi itu bekerja serta berlomba-lomba untuk mengumpulkan koin untuk menjadi pemenang. Perancangan ini diharapkan untuk menjadi solusi bagi permasalahan yang ada serta menjadi motivasi dan inspirasi untuk anak dalam mewujudkan citacitanya.
Policy History of Connection Curriculum for Kindergartens and Elementary Schools in Japan
Authors: FURUYA Atsushi
Published: September 2019

In recent years, “learner-centered” is required as that is remarkable in the new guidelines for teaching announced in 2017. But the current situation surrounding education still does not throw off the competition and confusion based on the old-fashioned paradigm of “visualized” academic ability. Under such circumstances, "the figures that it is desirable to grow by the end of early childhood" was shown. In this article, I tried to examine the value of “the Context of Each Child” in the connection period from early childhood education to elementary school education through the overview of the policy history of the history of "the collaboration between kindergarten and elementary school".
Brazilian Language Sciences: Discourse Theories
Authors: Leiser Baronas Roberto , Ponsoni Samuel , Bonani Tamires
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we discuss the positive heuristic potential of two Brazilian discourse theories: the first one is Semiotics of the song, by the Brazilian researcher Luiz Tatit; the second one is the Theory of basic stereotypes and opposed stereotypes, by the Brazilian researcher Sírio Possenti. The first theory, on one hand, is based on the preparation of a complete concept for a systematic study of Brazilian songs considering the meeting of melody and lyrics. The Semiotics of the Song Theory presents an isotopic analysis of elements of content and expression, in which melody and lyrics are taken as equivalent structural elements. The researcher Tatit, in his studies, relates aspects of expression to aspects of content in various Brazilian popular songs. He comprehends that Brazilian songs may be assigned to three major types: thematized, passionalized and figuretivized.
Aerodynamic coefficients of railway vehicles in cross-wind – introduction and
preliminary research
Authors: Lalewicz Piotr , Bryja Danuta
Published: September 2019

In recent years, dynamic development of high-speed railways is observed in
Europe and in the world. Due to the train speeds increase, aerodynamics of railway vehicles
becomes more and more important issue. In the paper, the cross-wind stability problem of a
railway vehicle and the influence of the train speed on this phenomenon is discussed. As a
derailment risk analysis requires to determine in total six cross-wind aerodynamic forces and
moments acting on a given vehicle, a knowledge of six associated with them aerodynamic
coefficients is a groundwork for train stability analysis. Two most common methods of
analysis of air flow around trains are pointed out – wind tunnel testing and CFD method
(Computational Fluid Dynamics method). Both methods are described in the paper, in
reference to PN-EN 14067-6:2018-10 and TSI requirements, and later a CFD method is
applied to examine a basic train model. The main aim of this preliminary research was to
recognize CFD method as a tool for a further research on cross-wind-induced vibrations of a
train - bridge system.
Analysis of the occurrence of headchecks in rails
Authors: Stencel Grzegorz , Podsiadło Rafał
Published: September 2019

The article concerns the problems of the headcheck defects occurring in the outer rail on curves. Basic features of these defects are presented, as well as detection and diagnosis methods. Based on the measurements made by the author, conclusions regarding the possible causes of defects have been formulated.
The perspectives of development of high-speed rail network in the European Union till
the year 2050
Authors: Engelhardt Juliusz
Published: September 2019

The aim of the article is indication of basic development projects of high-speed rail
network in the European Union. Beginning with the analysis of the length of high sped
railways exploited in the 9 countries of the UE in the years 1985-2017, further there were
presented the current projects of building and modernization of high-speed raiways within the
2014-2020 budget perspective. Therefore there were pointed out the projects of building and
moderniation of hgh speed rail in the EU declared by the particular member states for the
years 2021-2030 within TEN-T network, established in 2013. Further, the projects of buliding
high-speed railways planned for the years 2030-2050 within the complex TEN-T network. As
an outcome of the analyses presented in the article there emerged a complete vision of
planned development of high-speed rail network in the European Union, which length in
2030 could be estimated for approximetaly 16,5 thousand kilometers.
Research project BRIK: development of an innovative method for determining
the precise trajectory of a railway vehicle
Authors: Wilk Andrzej , Specht Cezary , Koc Władysław , Karwowski Krzysztof , Chrostowski Piotr , Szmagliński Jacek , Dąbrowski Paweł , Specht Mariusz , Judek Sławomir , Skibicki Jacek , Skóra Marcin , Grulkowski Sławomir
Published: September 2019

In the paper the essential assumptions regarding a research project implemented by a
consortium of Gdansk University of Technology and Gdynia Maritime University are presented. The
project has been commissioned by National Center of Research and Development with cooperation
with Polish Railways (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.).
The project is focused in implementation of modern measurement techniques using Global Navigation
Positioning System GNSS, Inertial Navigation System INS and Mobile Laser Scanning MLS in a
railway network management process. The precise aim of the research is both determine geometric
parameters of a railway geometric layout as well as a railway vehicle movement trajectory. For this
reason the innovative technique of mobile satellite measurements will be used. In the paper a synthetic
description of the project together with the particular stages are presented. Also, a part of research
which was realized in 2018 is shown. In the first stage, Gdansk University of Technology made a
research of existing common methods for determining and assessing a track alignment, presented an
idea of mobile investigation of track axis by the use of satellite measurements, took into consideration
an issue of influence of dynamic behavior of the measurement vehicle on the accuracy of determined
track positions by the use of GNSS/INS techniques and finally presented a technical project of
measurement platform. Gdynia Maritime University made a query of GNSS/INS/MLS in
measurements of track alignment, elaborated a scheme of measurement devices placement on the
mobile measurement platform and studied possibilities of increasing accuracy for estimation a railway
vehicle localization in relation to common techniques used by polish train operators.
La maloclusión y su relación con los hábitos bucales no fisiológicos
Authors: Arteaga Espinoza Shirley Ximena , Chusino Alarcón Eric Dionisio , Carrasco Sierra Miguel , Bravo Cevallos Doris María
Published: September 2019

Recibido: 15 de mayo de 2019Aprobado: 10 de junio de 2019 Los hábitos no fisiológicos son uno de los factores etiológicos causantes de maloclusiones o deformaciones dentoesqueléticas. En atención a ello el objetivo del presente artículo se centró en evaluar la maloclusión relacionada con  los hábitos bucales no fisiológicos. La metodologia utilizada fue de tipo exploratorio a través de la  técnica de la observación. La población la constituyeron  65 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 10 años que asisten a las clínicas privadas del Cantón de Manta. Durante la  valoración clínica se realizaron un examen extrabucal  e intrabucal. Entre los resultados se pudo constatar  un dominio de la maloclusión de Angle bilateral de  clase I en el 73% de la población atendida y un 20% en la  clase III y bel menor porcentaje en la clase  II con el 7% de los casos. En cuanto a sus conclusiones, se destaca el hecho en la cual existe mayor frecuencia de la  clase I canina, ya sea en caninos permanentes o temporales, seguida por la clase III y la clase II respectivamente y en relación a la  clase I molar y la clase I canina fueron las más frecuentes, tanto en niñas y niños.
Fairness of the Teacher Work Sample
Authors: Yuknis Christina
Published: September 2019

This article presents the results of an evaluation of the fairness of the Teacher Work Sample (TWS), a performance assessment for preservice teachers as used at one university, for candidates in a general education or a deaf education teacher preparation program. The TWS is a high-stakes assessment, and as such, issues of fairness and reliability are critical, particularly when trying to promote increased diversity in the teacher workforce. Dimensions of ethnicity, gender, and hearing status are reviewed as part of this study. A brief overview of the TWS will be provided, followed by a discussion of the study and a discussion of the implications for practice and further research. Results indicated that all of the components of the TWS were fair along lines of hearing status, race, and gender, although the disparate impact assessment revealed that there is an overall impact for program completion based on candidates’ race. Possible reasons for this impact as well as suggestions for improvement are provided.
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY BY TNCS
Authors: Vovk Svitlana
Published: September 2019

The article analyses main stages in the internationalization of innovation activity undertaken by transnational companies and offers a generalization of approaches to its various forms.

The analysis of the process of R&D internationalization was carried out based on the roles of subsidiaries in the general structure (network) of TNCs. The study of the evolution of innovation processes was performed in the context of behavioral types and roles of subsidiaries within the TNC networks and the host country environments. The analysis was focused on the main types of local and global linkages in the context of scientific and technical cooperation, with particular attention paid to TNC subsidiaries with a global role in research and development. The findings exposed the impact of TNCs’ internationalization of innovations upon host countries, revealed major tendencies in global knowledge spillovers, and corroborated the significance of linkages between structural units of TNCs and their partners in the host countries.
Makna Pragmatis pada Judul Artikel Surat Kabar MALUT POST dan POSKO MALUT
Authors: Abdullah Suhardi
Published: September 2019

Study which used in this research is Malut Post and Posko Malut as mass media of jurnalistic aims to (1) To identify and classify the type of pragmatic meanings titles in a newspaper of Malut Post and Posko Malut. (2) To identify and analyze the pragmatic meaning in the newspaper article. (3) To explain why the pragmatic meanings used in the title of both newspaper. This research use descriptive qualitative method. Procedure data collected by using observation, technical note and interview techniques to identify the types of pragmatic meanings used the theory of pragmatics (implicature, presupposition, and speech acts). Based on the analysis conclussion are implicature, speech acts, presuppositions, illocutionary and perlocution speech acts. Article titles contain the news about politics and government, crime, moral issues, economic and development activities, health and prosperity of society, welfare, education, technology, sports, human interest, and war and diplomacy. Conclusions on this research that some factors caused by pragmatic meanings should be use with briefly, concise, effective, and interesting. Other while the message of information delivered with through, concise, clear, easy to understand and interesting. With the hope of pragmatic meanings uses in language learning needs in schools from primary to university level. Key words: pragmatics meaning, title, newspaper articles