bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early detection of liver fibrosis with serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation-modified isomer (M2BPGi) during follow-up intestinal failure patients without intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD)
Authors: Ueno Takehisa , Takase Koki , Deguchi Koichi , Masahata Kazunori , Nomura Motonari , Watanabe Miho , Kamiyama Masafumi , Tazuke Yuko , Bessho Kazuhiko , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation-modified isomer (M2BPGi) is a new marker for hepatic fibrosis progression. We examined the relationship between serum M2BPGi levels and liver histological findings in intestinal failure (IF) patients without IF-associated liver disease (IFALD).
Methods
This study included IF patients without IFALD followed at our hospital. All patients underwent routine liver biopsies per protocol every 1–2 years. We examined M2BPGi levels and histological findings in relation to aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4 index, and AST/ALT ratio. Liver fibrosis was evaluated based on the METAVIR score.
Results
Total 18 liver biopsies out of 8 patients were included. The median age was 11.5 years. Mean M2BPGi was 0.44 cutoff index (COI) in patients with F0 fibrosis; 0.78 COI in patients with F1 fibrosis; and 1.63 COI in patients with F2 fibrosis. Mean M2BPGi was significantly higher in patients with F2 versus F1 or F0 fibrosis (P < 0.016 and P < 0.028, respectively). M2BPGi levels were more strongly correlated with fibrosis stage than with other conventional fibrosis markers.
Conclusion
Serum M2BPGi is a novel marker of liver fibrosis in patients with IF. It is useful for follow-up prior to IFALD. Serum M2BPGi levels can support the interpretation of liver status.
Sensor Orientation of the TMD Seismic Network (Thailand)
from P-Wave Particle Motions
Authors: Pornsopin Patinya , Pananont Passakorn , Furlong Kevin , Sandvol Eric
Published: September 2022

The Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) seismic network began development in 2008. Currently there are a total of 71 seismic stations consisting of 26 borehole stations and 45 surface stations currently installed. The three-component data from the TMD seismic network have been widely used in a number of seismological studies. In a recent analysis, we have found that sensor orientation as reported in the site metadata is sometimes significantly incorrect, especially for borehole stations. In this study, we analyze P-wave polarization data from regional and teleseismic earthquakes recorded in the network to estimate the true instrument orientation relative to geographic north and compare that to station metadata. Of the 45 surface stations, we found that ~78% are well oriented (i.e. aligned within 0°-15° of true north). However 10 sites have sensors misoriented by more than 15° , and some stations had a temporal change in sensor orientation during an upgrade to the seismic system with replacement of the sensor. We also evaluated sensor orientations for 26 TMD borehole seismic stations, from 2018 to 2022. For many of the borehole stations, the actual sensor orientation differs significantly from the TMD metadata, especially at short-period stations. Many of those stations have sensor misorientations approaching 180°, due to errors in the ambient noise analysis calibration techniques used during installation. We have also investigated how this sensor misorientation affects previous seismic studies, such as regional moment tensor inversion of earthquakes sources and receiver function stacking. We have found that the large deviations in sensor orientations can result in erroneous results and/or large measurement errors. A cause of the orientation error for borehole sites could be a combination of strong background surface ambient seismic noise coupled with an incorrect reference instrument response.
Coupled analytical solutions for high slopes considering rock creep effects and changes of anchoring force in prestressed cables
Authors: Yang Wendong , Wang Xuepeng , Liu Ning , Wang Qi
Published: September 2022

The unloading effects induced by rock excavation on high slopes are significant, and prestressed anchor cable is an effective reinforcement method for high slope safety. In this work, we consider the interaction between rock creep in high slopes and the changing anchoring force of prestressed cables. We then derive theoretical solutions for the unloading rock creep and anchoring force of prestressed cables considering the coupling effect, and verify the solutions using numerical simulation. First, based on the Boussinesq problem in elastic mechanics, we simplify the problem of slope reinforcement with a single prestressed anchor cable to the problem of concentrated force acting on a boundary of a semi-infinite medium. The concentrated force is affected by the excavation unloading effect from the slope and the anchoring forces from the anchor cables. Based on this simplification, we derive elastic solutions for the slope unloading displacement after excavation and for the anchoring force of prestressed cables. Second, considering rock creep behavior and varying anchoring force, Burgers model is used for rock masses and elastic model is used for anchor cables. According to the coordinated deformation between rock masses and anchor cables, we obtain the analytical solutions for the rock displacement and for the anchoring force of the cables under the coupling action in the Laplace space, based on which the viscoelastic solutions for rock displacement and for anchoring force considering the coupling effect are solved by the Laplace inverse transform. Finally, we validate the analytical solutions by comparing against numerical simulation results with FLAC3D. A good agreement is achieved, suggesting the fidelity of the analytical solutions. The theoretical model provides a reference for studying slope reinforcement, analyzing slope rock creep behavior and the long-term prestress of the reinforcement structure.
The effect of agroforestry farming on wood quality and timber industry and its supportation by Horizon 2020
Authors: Báder Mátyás , Németh Róbert , Vörös Ágnes , Tóth Zsolt , Novotni Adrienn
Published: September 2022

One of the goals of the European Union’s agroforestry plans is to alleviate the shortage of timber in Europe caused by the growing demand for hardwoods and the declining import of tropical timber. The study shows which tree species can be considered in agroforestry systems in Europe, and which of them can be used as raw material for the wood industry and what quality of wood can be produced in agroforestry systems. Since 2005, the European Union has been officially encouraging farmers to plant the crops in an agroforestry system and parallel try to produce trunks for high quality timber. By analysing the current economic developments of the European Union, especially Horizon2020, our study provides an overview of what can be expected by the participants of the agroforestry sector and the related primary wood industry in the European Union now and in the future. In addition to the distribution analysis, indices describing projects have also been created. Rank correlation was used to examine the relationship between them. Possible decision mechanisms were also outlined using a custom-built expert software system.
Biochemical markers to predict the development of gastrointestinal bleeding and esophageal varices after portoenterostomy in biliary atresia
Authors: Sumida Wataru , Tainaka Takahisa , Shirota Chiyoe , Yokota Kazuki , Makita Satoshi , Okamoto Masamune , Takimoto Aitaro , Yasui Akihiro , Takada Shunya , Nakagawa Yoichi , Kato Daiki , Yokoyama Shinya , Ishizu Yoji , Amano Hizuru , Guo Yaohui , Hinoki Akinari , Uchida Hiroo
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) due to esophageal varices (EV) is one of the factors that negatively impacts native liver survival of patients with biliary atresia (BA). Gastrointestinal fibroscopy (GIF) is usually used to determine the presence of EVs; however, it require general anesthesia. The aim of this study is to search for markers in blood tests obtained during routine check-ups that can predict the development of GIB.
Methods
Data of patients with BA who underwent portoenterostomy at our hospital from 2014 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients’ data were assigned to three groups according to specific time points: Group B, which included data at GIB; Group NB-T, which included data at GIF and EV treatment; and Group NB-NT, which included data at GIF without treatment. The data in Group B were compared to those of other groups.
Results
In our study, GIB occurred in 11 patients, and 12 cases, and 8 cases were classified into Groups NB-NT and NB-T, respectively. Compared with the other groups, only ChE and M2BPGi in Group B showed statistically significant differences.
Conclusions
ChE and M2BPGi are useful for predicting GIB.
Combined Surface Light Scattering and Pendant-Drop Experiments for the Determination of Viscosity and Surface Tension of High-Viscosity Fluids Demonstrated for Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhai Ziwen , Jander Julius H. , Bergen Alexander , Cui Junwei , Meyer Karsten , Koller Thomas M.
Published: September 2022

The present study provides a strategy for the determination of the viscosity and surface tension of high-viscosity fluids in the form of ionic liquids (ILs) at equilibrium conditions by combining surface light scattering (SLS) and the pendant-drop (PD) method within one setup. Through the study of the same sample under identical conditions by both methods inside a closed system, the surface tension determined via the PD method can be directly used to evaluate the dynamics of surface fluctuations of ILs with an overdamped behavior probed by SLS for accessing their viscosity. In connection with the SLS experiments, variations in the applied detection geometries in reflection and transmission direction and in the probed wave vectors down to relatively small values were also addressed. The reliability and self-consistency of SLS and the PD method applied within the same sample cell has been proven by investigating the reference fluids tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) and n-dodecane featuring relatively high and low viscosities. For the two studied model ILs of opaque to non-transparent color, i.e., the hydrophobic 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([OMIM][PF6]) and the hydrophilic 1,3-bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)imidazolium iodide ([(mPEG2)2Im]I), the combination of PD measurements and SLS experiments in reflection direction performed at ambient pressure between (303 and 373) K allowed access to the viscosity and surface tension with typical relative expanded uncertainties of (4 and 2)%. These results agree well with own viscosity data from capillary viscometry and experimental data in the literature, demonstrating the performance of the novel approach for the contactless in-situ measurement of viscosity and surface tension of fluids with relatively high viscosity such as ILs.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities with contrasting life-history traits and trait diversity influence host nutrient acquisition
Authors: Horsch Caitlyn C. A. , Antunes Pedro M. , Kallenbach Cynthia M.
Published: September 2022

Life-history traits differ substantially among arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal families, potentially affecting hyphal nutrient acquisition efficiency, host nutrition, and thereby plant health and ecosystem function. Despite these implications, AM fungal community life-history strategies and community trait diversity effects on host nutrient acquisition are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we grew Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense) with AM fungal communities representing contrasting life-history traits and trait diversity: either 1) five species in the AM family Gigasporaceae, representing competitor traits, 2) five species in the family Glomeraceae, representing ruderal traits, or 3) a mixed-family community combining all ten AM species. After 12 weeks, we measured above and below ground plant biomass and the uptake and concentration of 12 nutrients in aboveground biomass. Overall, AM fungal colonization increased host nutrition, biomass, and foliar 15nitrogen enrichment compared to the uncolonized control. We observed the largest effects between the mixed-family community and the single-family communities for plant tissue quality, especially plant phosphorus (P), and in colonization rates. The mixed community increased plant P 1.2 and 1.3 times more than Glomeraceae and Gigasporaceae communities. However, this higher P did not translate to the greatest gains in plant biomass. Between the single-family communities, the Glomeraceae community generally outperformed the Gigasporaceae community in host nutrition and plant growth, increasing plant P concentrations 1.1 times more than the Gigasporaceae community. These findings demonstrate that AM fungal community trait composition established at the family level affects plant nutrition and that AM family diversity increases colonization and plant tissue quality.
A portrait of the bone mineral density of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Vale Sancha Helena de Lima , Mizumoto Ana Carolina de Melo , Lima Luana da Costa , Cunha Thais Alves , de Araújo Bárbara Gurgel Magalhães , Grilo Evellyn Câmara , Brandão-Neto José
Published: September 2022

Introduction Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients are at risk of developing conditions that can compromise their bone health, such as fractures and walking impairment. We aimed to assess bone mineral density as a function of the age of DMD patients. Materials and Methods The cross-sectional study included 48 participants. Bodyweight and height were collected to determine the height-for-age and BMI-for-age Z-scores. Lumbar spine (LS) and total body (TBLH) bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) of boys under 19 years-old were determined, and the BMD was adjusted for HAZ. Results The DMD patients' HAZ curve is on the left compared to the WHO standard. The older patients had lower LS-BMD (p = 0.012) and TBLH-BMD (p <0.001) Z-score values than younger patients. There was a moderate negative correlation between age and the LS-BMD Z-score (ρ = -0.49, p < 0.001), a strong negative correlation between age and the TBLH-BMD Z-score (ρ = -0.82, p < 0.001), and a moderate positive correlation between age and the TBLH-BMDHAZ (ρ = 0.43, p = 0.007). Conclusion For clinical evaluation DMD population, it is necessary to consider the variables related to height since the delay in linear growth may underestimate the BMD Z-scores. DMD patients have impaired linear growth, and older boys could have more severe bone morbidity.
Factors motivating end-users’ behavioural intention to recommend m-health innovation: multi-group analysis
Authors: Oloveze Ambrose Ogbonna , Ugwu Paschal Anayochukwu , Okeke Victor Chukwuemeka , Chukwuoyims Kelvin , Ahaiwe Emmanuel Onyedikachi
Published: September 2022

mHealth innovation is health innovation that is gaining adoption in developing countries. The COVID-19 impact and the brain drain of health practitioners in Nigeria are indicating higher importance of the innovation. However, while the literatures on adoption are rising there is paucity of literature on intention to recommend mHealth innovation particularly with gender context. The study considered determinants of end-users’ behavioural intention to recommend mHealth innovation by considering multi-group analysis. Theory of reasoned action was modified with variables from health belief model and unified theory of acceptance and use of innovation to structure the intention to recommend mHealth model. Structured questionnaire with adapted items from extant studies were scaled on 7 point likert scale while snowball sampling technique was adopted in data collection. A total of 291 questionnaires were used in the analysis which was done through IBM Statistics version 23 and AMOS 23. The study used descriptive statistics, structural equation model and an invariant analysis to check the difference between the groups. The model showed good fit using a set of fit indices and coefficient of codetermination that indicates high predictive capacity. The SEM analysis show that subjective norm is the most vital factor that influences end-users’ intention to recommend mHealth innovation to others. Generally, it indicates that male users have higher intention to recommend mHealth innovation than female users of mHealth innovation. The result of the analysis also show that the correlations between the exogenous factors are positive and at least moderate across gender thus indicating the direction for adoption of marketing communication strategies to deepen the awareness of the innovation and encourage recommendation to others. The recommendation suggested center on marketing communication strategies that involves use of role models, influencers, celebrities, health practitioners and other referents to encourage the awareness and intention to recommend the innovation. The key limitation of the study is on sample size and the use of cross-sectional survey design which could pose danger in generalisation of the findings. However, it is concluded in the study that male users of mHealth innovation have higher intention to recommend the innovation than the female users of the innovation.
Evaluation of the Transparency of the Medical Insurance System in Ukraine
Authors: Zakharkin Oleksii , Zakharkina Liudmyla , Srovnalikova Paulina , Novikov Volodymyr , Basanets Iryna
Published: September 2022

In this article, a theoretical study was carried out related to the analysis of the health insurance system in Ukraine regarding the level of its information transparency and transparency in interaction with private, cooperative clients and the state, which represents the controlling and regulatory authorities. The main goal of this study is an analytical assessment of insurance companies that provide services for voluntary health insurance in terms of openness to users of information about their economic activities, features of the offered insurance policies, their cost, etc. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific debate regarding the concept of «transparency» and the benefit received by subjects of economic relations from following the principles of openness and integrity. The urgency of solving this scientific problem lies in the fact that the level of medical protection and the quality of services provided to the population on the basis of the existing state health insurance is at a low level and does not contribute to improving the health, working capacity and quality of life of society. The study of the transparency of the health insurance system was carried out in the following logical sequence: the relevance and problematic of the researched question are determined, as well as the position of scientists regarding this is summarized; a general analysis of the dynamics of net insurance premiums and net insurance payments for 2019-2021 was carried out, for various types of insurance, including medical insurance; the activity of the most rated insurance companies in health insurance was analyzed by the level of insurance premiums and payments as of the end of 2021; a comparative analysis of the insurance products of the companies was carried out and, based on transparency indicators and a scoring system, a conditional division of the analyzed commercial institutions according to the level of information transparency into high, medium and low levels was performed, based on the obtained points with the selection of the most attractive and informationally open institutions; the final stage of the article provides conclusions and own recommendations for solving problematic aspects of the research. Informational data from the official websites of the analyzed insurance companies, open data of the National Bank of Ukraine, and statistical information on the functioning of the insurance market from the Internet became the factual basis for this study. The results of the conducted research can be helpful for individuals who are interested in choosing an insurance company for personal health insurance.
Hematolymphoid Neoplasms of Breast – A Case Series with Review of Lymphoid Cell Rich Lesions of Breast
Authors: Thakur Abha , Goel Ruchika K , Sharma Rashi
Published: September 2022

Objective: Hematolymphoid neoplasms involving breast (HLNB) are rare with majority of lesions in breast being epithelial in nature. There are no characteristic clinical and radiologic features to distinguish breast carcinomas from HLNB. However, it is essential to recognise lesion as hematolymphoid in nature for appropriate patient management. This case series highlights clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of HLNB of breast.

Methods: Clinical data (age, sex, laterality, site and size of breast tumor, interval of secondary breast involvement, stage, treatment and clinical follow up), radiologic and pathologic features of patients with HLNB over a period of 6 years (2014-20) were recorded. Pathologic differential diagnosis of lymphoid cell rich lesions of breast are also discussed.

Results: Six cases of HLNB were identified during this period. This constitutes 0.22 % of malignancies of breast, 0.4% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 1.2% of extra nodal NHL and one case each of myeloid sarcoma and plasmacytoma.

Conclusion: HLNB are extremely rare and histologically mimics numerous other entities, which may be misdiagnosed without immunohistochemical evaluation. Thus, it is critical for a pathologist to be aware of the diagnostic features and pitfalls to avoid misinterpretation.
Diagnostic Utility of Galectin-3 in Papillary Lesions of Thyroid
Authors: Dwarampudi Raga Sruthi , B.R. Yelikar , Vallabha Tejaswini , D Rodrigues Lynda
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the neck. Most cases of PTC are diagnosed based on pathologic criteria. However, few thyroid lesions that mimic nuclear features or the architecture of PTC pose diagnostic problems. Papillary projections may be encountered in benign papillary hyperplasia of multinodular goiter, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and Graves’ disease. For this reason, the approach to these challenging lesions should include immunohistochemistry. Galectin-3(Gal-3) is an immunohistochemical marker that shows positivity in PTC. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether strong galectin-3 expression is an essential hallmark of PTC or papillary thyroid hyperplasia.

Material and Methods: Gal-3 expression was sought by immunohistochemistry in 33 cases of papillary patterns (on microscopy) of thyroid specimens received at our institution. The results obtained were statistically analysed.

Result and Conclusion: Of the 33 cases studied, 17 were PTC, and 16 were papillary hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical stain with Galectin -3 revealed a statistically significant P – value, which proves the tendency for Galectin -3 expression is higher in PTC than in papillary hyperplasia.
The relationship between debt securities issuance, profit efficiency, and Jordanian commercial banks’ operational performance
Authors: Akram AL-Qudah Laith , Mohammad Salem Alrjoub Ashraf
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not the issuing of debt securities and the effectiveness of profit management affect Jordanian banks’ operational performance. The assessments are carried out with the help of data obtained from the financial statements of commercial banks that are listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) from 2016 to 2020. Estimation of the regression equation is performed with the help of the non-linear analysis. The study’s findings showed that the issuance of debt securities has a significant (0.02) influence on banks’ operational performance. Furthermore, profit efficiency has an insignificant (0.363) influence on banks’ operational performance. Overall, the findings of the study are consistent with those of earlier empirical research. The most important contribution of this paper is that the determination of debt security issuers’ prospects associated with the Jordanian economy can be improved, and financial institutions and commercial banks can take corrective measures to reduce variation and increase development.
Rapid Recognition of Different Sources of Heroin Drugs by Using a Hand-Held Near-Infrared Spectrometer Based on a Multi-Layer Extreme Learning Machine Algorithm
Authors: Jianqiang Zhang , Chunming Ni , Chengyun Peng , Junxun Hu , Sheng Gao , Jin Chen
Published: September 2022

Rapid recognition of the sources of drugs can provide some valuable clues and the basis for determining the nature of the case. A novel recognition method was put forward to identify the sources of heroin drugs rapidly and non-destructively by using a hand-held near infrared (NIR) spectrometer and a multi-layer-extreme learning machine (ML-ELM) algorithm. In contrast to traditional linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM) and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithms, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were the highest for the proposed ML-ELM algorithm. The prediction accuracy of the ML-ELM algorithm was 25.33, 20.00, 17.33% higher than that of LDA, SVM and ELM algorithm, respectively, for 4 cases. The ML-ELM models for recognizing the different sources of heroin drugs had the best generalization ability and prediction results. The experimental results indicated that the combination of the hand‑held NIR technology and ML-ELM algorithm can recognize the different sources of heroin drugs rapidly, accurately, and non-destructively on the spot.
Are the Menstrual Characteristics Similar in Adolescent and Adult Women with Cerebral Palsy?
Authors: Dogan Hanife , Turker Duygu , Coban Ozge , Basol Goksuluk Merve , Ozengin Nuriye , Un Yildirim Necmiye
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the menstrual-health characteristics of adult and adolescent women with cerebral palsy.
STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study included 74 women who were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Among 74 women with cerebral palsy, women between the ages of 10-18 formed the adolescent cerebral palsy group (n= 36), and women between the ages of 19-30 formed the adult cerebral palsy group (n=38). Gross motor function levels of women with cerebral palsy were determined by gross motor function classification system expanded and revised. Menstrual-health characteristics were evaluated with a self-report questionnaire.
RESULTS: The median age in the adult cerebral palsy group (23.5 (19-29) years)) was higher than the adolescent cerebral palsy group (16.5 (11-18) years)) (p<0.001). The median age of menarche in the adult cerebral palsy group (14 (7-18) years) was higher than in the adolescent cerebral palsy group (13 (9-17) years)) (p=0.017). The presence of dysmenorrhea in the adolescent cerebral palsy group (35 women with dysmenorrhea) was more common than in the adult group (30 women with dysmenorrhea (p=0.016). The menstrual suppression treatment, length of menstruation, pain onset time, pain duration, pain medicine usage during menstruation, the highest intensity of pain experienced during the menstrual period, number of drugs, use of pain relief methods, number of days absent from school or work, type and the number of menstruation products, presence and the reason of discomfort scores of questions and gross motor function classification system expanded and revised levels were similar in both groups (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Dysmenorrhea was more prevalent in adolescent women with cerebral palsy than in adults with cerebral palsy. Providing training that raises awareness and behavior-changing education for women with cerebral palsy and their caregivers can help to improve gynecological health.
The Grain Market in India and the Creation of the BRICS Grain Union
Authors: Ivanov  A. , Molodyko K. , Kalimullina M.
Published: September 2022

The article examines the current situation in the wheat market in India and its potential within the global food security dynamic. In particular, it analyzes a number of instruments and programs of national policy in the grain sector: minimum support prices, public procurement, public distribution systems, storage facilities and their management, market regulation, trading mechanisms and platforms. In the aspect of the development of Indian grain trade and infrastructure, the Electronic Platform for National Agriculture Market (eNAM) and food commodities exchanges are considered. The article provides explanation on why India’s ambitious plans announced several years ago to expand wheat exports to the world market can hardly be fully realized in the near future due to such reasons as climate risks, phytosanitary problems and quality controls, lack of storage and logistics infrastructure, as well as the huge social and political importance of wheat supplies in the local market. Through the continuation of the current reforms in an efficient manner, India can resume the position of one of the leading wheat exporters. It is proposed that Russia, India and South Africa (as well as the potential new members – Iran and Argentina) create anew BRICS Grain Union.
Patentability of Computer Program Algorithms in the G20 States
Authors: Matveev A. , Martyanova E.
Published: September 2022

Ubiquitous computerization and digitalization are contributing to the unprecedented growth of the software market. Computer programs are protected as subject of copyright law in international law and domestic legal systems. However, copyright law does not protect the interests of the copyright holder from borrowing ideas and algorithms which often have agreat commercial value. This circumstance has prompted the legal science and law enforcement practice of the most developed states to justify the possibility of protecting computer programs and their algorithms. The leading states chosen for in this paper are the G20 states. The relevance of this choice is due to the following: 1) The G20 states account for 86% of global GDP; 2) All world leaders in computer software development are G20 members; 3) All BRICS states are G20 members; 4) The law-and-orders of the G20 states are relevant to all existing traditions of the legal protection of intellectual property in the world. The legal systems of the G20 states follow one of three approaches according to the criterion of patentability of computer programs and their algorithms. We call the first approach “neutral.” It includes States which legislation does not explicitly prohibit the patenting of computer programs, but computer programs themselves are not mentioned among the subject matters of inventions. The second (“positive”) approach includes those states which legislation explicitly classifies computer programs as patentable inventions. On the contrary, the third (“negating”) approach includes states where it is legally established that computer programs as such are unpatentable. The results of the research demonstrate that there is no direct correlation between the way of solving the issue of patentability of computer program algorithms in different legal systems and the state’s place in the global IT market. For example, the United States and China take aneutral approach, Japan takes apositive approach, the EU Member States and India take anegating approach. We believe that the most flexible approach is aneutral approach from the point of view of patent law policy. The most liberal and consistent approach is the positive approach presented by the Japanese legal system. Finally, the negating approach is the most controversial and at the same time widespread among the G20 and BRICS states.
Territories with a Special Regime for Business Activities: Legal Frameworks of Social Policy
Authors: Mikheeva I. , Sarnakova  A.
Published: September 2022

The article focuses on the social dimension of territorial development and investments in Russian regions. The conducted research is devoted to territories with a special regime for business activities in Russia, their investment and innovation background and policy aiming at improving social environment and population well-being. Based on legal analysis and regulatory practices, the authors reveal drivers for strategic management of social and economic development, recommend some rules and underline possible benefits for territories’ residents. The paper discusses the advantages and perspectives of developing territories with aspecial regime for business activities in Russia, alongside with constraining factors discouraging their development. Theoretical issues are exemplified by some priority social and economic development areas created in the Far East. Most attention is paid to the infrastructural development of priority social and economic development areas, while special emphasis is placed on the cluster approach to the development of such territories, a comparison is made with technoparks and industrial parks.
A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Regulation of International Commercial Arbitration in Russia and Mainland China
Authors: Berzin O. , Shliagina E. , Ying L.
Published: September 2022

This article examines international commercial arbitration, one of the most popular methods for the resolution of disputes that arise in the context of international commercial relations. The volume of trade between Russia and China has been gradually increasing in recent years, which testifies to the fact that the study of international commercial arbitration legal regulation in both nations is extremely relevant. The authors examine the concept of international commercial arbitration entities, as well as the sources of legal regulation that govern their establishment and operation in Russia and Mainland China. In addition, the procedures for case consideration, the elaboration of arbitration agreements, the rules for the creation of an arbitration commission, the requirements for arbitral awards and other aspects are investigated. The authors come to the conclusion that the regulations governing international commercial arbitration are similar in the two countries and are based on international law and national legal acts. Both Russia and China have adopted the norms outlined in the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law into their legal systems although to different degrees. Both countries provide similar arbitration agreement norms and support the arbitration clause autonomy principle. The difference lies in the fact that China does not follow the competence-competence principle (the arbitrators’ power to determine their own competence to consider a certain dispute). Instead, the issue is referred either to the arbitration commission or to the state court for resolution. On the other hand, arbitrators in Russia have the right to determine their competence by themselves. According to Chinese law, a party requires arbitration court mediation in order to be able to submit a request for provisional protection measures to the state court, while under Russian law adirect request is allowed. In China, the norms for the recognition and enforcement of aforeign arbitration award by the court do not provide for the court’s ruling to be challenged; the refusal of the recognition and enforcement shall be possible only after the award has been considered by the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China. In Russia, the legislation allows for both challenging and refusing the decision to recognize and enforce the award.
A Sociedade da Desinformação
Authors: Silva Fabiano Couto Corrêa da
Published: September 2022

Desinformação enquanto um fenômeno social criou uma nova desordem global, onde as novas condições de produção, circulação e consumo de informação fizeram das notícias falsas um importante instrumento geoestratégico que, associado às técnicas híbridas, coloca as ações das mídias comunicacionais em sintonia na geração de notícias falsas. Analisamos a maneira como os meios de comunicação disseminam informações tomando como base cinco filtros indicados por Chomsky e Herman (2003): Filtro 1: Importância, propriedade e orientação dos benefícios dos meios de comunicação; Filtro 2: A publicidade como principal fonte de renda; Filtro 3: O fornecimento de notícias para a mídia; Filtro 4: As medidas corretivas como método para disciplinar a mídia; Filtro 5: Anticomunismo como mecanismo de controle. A análise realizada demonstra que, além de notícias falsas, as notícias reais são manipuladas e orientadas para polarizar ideologicamente, requerendo uma adaptação da sociedade na construção de marcos regulatórios, ao passo que as empresas (desenvolvedoras das redes sociais, por exemplo) e seus logaritmos não conseguem contrariar as redes globais da desinformação que atravessam países, continentes e línguas.
Questões filosóficas em torno dos estudos informacionais
Authors: Souza da Silva Carlos Robson
Published: September 2022

Trata das questões filosóficas relacionadas ao estudo da informação. Tem como problema: que questões filosóficas podem ser consideradas necessárias para a reflexão e a fundamentação em torno dos estudos informacionais? É objetivo geral do trabalho: identificar as questões filosóficas que cercam os estudos de informação. Possui como objetivos específicos: a) interseccionar Filosofia e Ciência da Informação; e b) discutir possibilidades filosóficas para o estudo da informação baseado em autores da área. Trata-se de uma pesquisa básica, de caráter qualitativo, que utilizou do levantamento bibliográfico como instrumento de coleta de dados. Os termos “Ciência da Informação”, “Filosofia da Informação”, “Filosofia”, “Filosofia da Ciência da Informação” foram pesquisados em sites acadêmicos, como a Base de Dados em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI) e o Google Acadêmico. Discute o desenvolvimento da Ciência da Informação. Relaciona Filosofia e Filosofia da Informação. Apresenta questionamentos filosóficos sobre a informação trazidos por Floridi (2010), Ilharco (2005), Capurro (2003) e Frohman (2012).
questão da democracia na África
Authors: Vasconcelos Francisco Antonio de , Araújo Lílian Lopes de
Published: September 2022

Com a saída do colonizador do controle político, nos países do continente africano, abriu-se um espaço de poder que passou a ser disputado. É neste contexto que consideramos aqui os processos voltados a implantar regimes democráticos, em solo africano. Assim, a pesquisa de PIBIC que deu origem a este escrito investigou o seguinte problema: Como definir a questão da democracia em África? Dito de outro modo: Quais são as características principais presentes nesta discussão? Utilizando como metodologia de trabalho a pesquisa teórica, constatou-se que a história do engendramento da democracia em terras africanas (no recorte temporal utilizados por nós, nesta pesquisa, isto é, o período pós-colonial) liga-se a três modelos distintos de democracia: o liberal, o monopartidário e o consensual. O artigo orienta a discussão, destacando os seguintes pontos: a democracia proposta à África é um projeto elaborado pelo Ocidente; as resistências enfrentadas por ela, em solo africano, desde o início do período pós-colonial; a tarefa reservada à filosofia, nos esforços de democratização do referido continente.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Matriks terhadap Karakter Tablet Metformin HCl Lepas Lambat Sistem Floating Effervescent
Authors:   Departemen Farmasetika, Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Indonesia, Permata Hati Melati , Syukri Yandi ,   Departemen Farmasetika, Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam  Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Hernawan Nugroho Bambang ,   Departemen Farmasetika, Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam  Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: September 2022

The research aimed to prepare and evaluate of sustained release metformin HCl tablet with floating system. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation using HPMC K4M and chitosan as matrixes with proportions (w/w) 17.78%:4.44%; 14.44%:7.78%; 11.11%:11.11% ;7.78%;14.44%; 4.44%:17.78%. The tablets were evaluated of weight variation, drug content, hardness, friability, and in vitro floating and drug release studies. The dissolution study had been carried out for 6 hours using USP dissolution apparatus II (paddle) in 900 ml HCl pH 3.0 media at 37±0.50C. All tablet formulas showed closed similarity with the requirement physical tablet of United State Pharmacopea (USP) and Farmakope Indonesia reference. The matrixes containing higher HPMC K4M, and lower chitosan showed floating lag time decreased and duration time increased. Meanwhile, tablet disintegration was the lowest. The release test showed that all formulas did not meet the requirements dissolution metformin HCl sustained release tablet. The result of this study is sustained release tablet metformin HCl with matrixes HPMC K4M and chitosan able to float, but it did not form sustained release.
Christian values in portuguese children's and youth literature
Authors: Gomes José António
Published: September 2022

The present article outlines a non-exhaustive overview of the presence of Christian values, and other aspects related to Christianism, in contemporary Portuguese writing for childhood and youth. Different modalities/genres (narrative, poetry, drama) are considered and some of the most relevant voices in this domain, such as Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, Luísa Dacosta, Nuno Higino, Alice Vieira and others, are highlighted. The author acknowledges the strong presence, and recurrence, in this literature, of values and themes of Christian inspiration, regardless of the confession of faith and the Christian conviction of the authors in appreciation.
Practices, Perceived Benefits, and Barriers Among Medical Students and Health Care Professionals Regarding the Adoption of eHealth in Clinical Settings: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Nguyen Long Hoang , Nguyen Lien Thi Khanh , Nguyen Tham Thi , Trong Dam Vu Anh , Vu Thuc Minh Thi , Nguyen Hao Anh Si , Vu Giang Thu , Latkin Carl A , Ho Roger C M , Ho Cyrus S H
Published: September 2022

Background

eHealth is increasingly becoming an indispensable part of health practice and policy-making strategies. However, the use of eHealth tools in clinical practice and the perceptions of eHealth among medical students and health care professionals in Vietnam are not well understood.

Objective

This study aims to investigate perceptions and practices regarding eHealth and their associated factors among medical students and health care professionals.

Methods

A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 523 medical students and health care professionals. Information about the practices for, perceived barriers to, and benefits of eHealth application in clinical practices was collected. Multivariate Tobit and logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with perceptions and practices.

Results

In total, 61.6% (322/523) of participants used eHealth tools in clinical practices, with moderate levels of eHealth literacy. The score for the perceived benefits of eHealth tools was low. The most common barrier for eHealth utilization was human resources for IT (240/523, 45.9%), followed by security and risk control capacity (226/523, 43.2%) and no training in eHealth application (223/523, 42.6%). Age, eHealth literacy, and the use of the internet for updating medical knowledge were positively associated with using eHealth tools in clinical practices.

Conclusions

eHealth tools were moderately used in clinical practices, and the benefits of eHealth were underestimated among health care professionals and medical students in Vietnam. Renovating the current medical education curriculum to integrate eHealth principles should be required to equip health care professionals and medical students with essential skills for rapid digital transformation.
Motive-Oriented, Personalized, Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: Nonclinical Experimental Study
Authors: Bücker Lara , Berger Thomas , Bruhns Alina , Westermann Stefan
Published: September 2022

Background

The low level of adherence in internet-based self-help interventions for depression suggests that in many existing programs, the motivational fit between the program and the user is unsatisfactory (eg, the user seeks autonomy, but the program provides directive guidance). Personalized, motive-oriented, self-help interventions could enable participants who interact with a program and its contents to have more engaging and less aversive experiences and thus increase adherence.

Objective

In an experimental study with a nonclinical analogue sample, we aimed to test the hypotheses that a better motivational person-program fit is linked with higher anticipated adherence, working alliance, and satisfaction with the program.

Methods

Motivational person-program fit was examined with respect to the 2 contrasting motives being autonomous and being supported. The hypotheses were tested by specifically varying the motivational person-program fit in a nonclinical sample (N=55), where participants were asked to work on, and subsequently evaluate, a limited set of individual pages of a self-help program with guidance (in the form of text messages) for depression. The sections of the self-help program were redesigned to either particularly address the autonomy motive or the support motive. For the quasi-experimental variation of the motivational person-program characteristics, we divided the 55 participants into 2 groups (autonomy group: n=27, 49%; support group: n=28, 51%) by screening method (using the Inventory of Approach and Avoidance Motivation), corresponding to the 2 motives. Both groups evaluated (in randomized order) 2 excerpts of the program—one that matched their motive (fit) and one that was contrary to it (no fit). Immediately after the evaluation of each excerpt, anticipated adherence, working alliance, and treatment satisfaction were assessed.

Results

Regarding being supported, the satisfaction with or violation of this motive had an impact on (optimal) anticipated adherence as well as working alliance and satisfaction with the intervention; a congruent person-program fit resulted in significantly higher anticipated adherence (t27=3.00; P=.006), working alliance (t27=3.20; P=.003), and satisfaction (t27=2.86; P=.008) than a noncongruent fit. However, a similar impact could not be found for the motive being autonomous. Several correlations were found that supported our hypotheses (eg, for the congruent person-program fit autonomy motive and autonomy group, support satisfaction negatively correlated with optimal anticipated adherence).

Conclusions

This first experimental study gives reason to assume that motive orientation may have a positive influence on adherence, working alliance, and satisfaction in internet-based self-help interventions for depression and other mental disorders. Future studies should conduct randomized controlled trials with clinical samples and assess clinical outcomes.