bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Further Exploration of the Vedic Personality Inventory: Validity, Reliability and Generalizability
Authors: Stempel Harvey S. , Cheston Sharon E. , Greer Joanne M. , Gillespie C. Kevin
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study was to explore the validity, reliability, and generalizability of the Vedic Personality Inventory which consists of constructs derived from the Vedic literature of India. There were 57 participants (20 men, 37 women). The mean age was 44.3 yr. ( SD = 15.1). The sample was predominantly older, well-educated women who volunteered to participate as respondees to invitations to participate posted in supermarkets, churches, colleges, and on the internet. Analysis yielded statistically significant correlations for scores on the Vedic Personality Inventory and on the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory, each of which measures domains of interest addressed by the first inventory.
A Discriminant Analysis of Whissell's New Testament Data: On the Statistical Trail of the Author of Hebrews
Authors: Schumm Walter R.
Published: June 2007

Discriminant analyses of data on 6 dimensions from Whissell's analyses of 27 books of an English translation of the New Testament seem to support Clement of Alexandria's contention that Luke was involved in the authorship, but it is difficult after centuries to rule out definitively a few other contenders.
Typicality Index of the Strong Interest Inventory: A Binomial Analysis
Authors: Brophy Alfred L.
Published: June 2007

The Typicality Index of the 2004 Strong Interest Inventory was developed by Donnay, Morris, Schaubhut, and Thompson to identify inconsistent or other atypical responding. Analysis by the binomial distribution shows that the index, with the recommended cut score, correctly classifies 95.1% of randomly completed inventories.
Additional Validation of the Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale
Authors: Hatchett Gregory T.
Published: June 2007

To provide information on the construct validity of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help scale, relationships between prior treatment experiences and scores on the scale were evaluated. Participants were 270 students recruited from undergraduate psychology courses at a medium-sized university in the midwestern USA. 79% were women: their ages ranged from 18 to 53 years ( M = 19.0, SD = 4.4). In addition to completing the scale, the subset of 76 participants who reported prior mental health care treatment also evaluated these experiences using a rating scale anchored by 0: very dissatisfied and 4: very satisfied. For the total sample, prior experience with the mental health care delivery system was associated with higher scores on the scale, denoting more positive attitudes. In the subgroup with prior treatment experience, evaluation ratings were also associated with treatment attitudes, accounting for 17% of the variance in their scale score. These results provide additional support for the construct validity of this scale.
Sources of Motivation, Interpersonal Conflict Management Styles, and Leadership Effectiveness: A Structural Model
Authors: Barbuto John E. , Xu Ye
Published: June 2007

126 leaders and 624 employees were sampled to test the relationship between sources of motivation and conflict management styles of leaders and how these variables influence effectiveness of leadership. Five sources of motivation measured by the Motivation Sources Inventory were tested—intrinsic process, instrumental, self-concept external, self-concept internal, and goal internalization. These sources of work motivation were associated with Rahim's modes of interpersonal conflict management—dominating, avoiding, obliging, complying, and integrating—and to perceived leadership effectiveness. A structural equation model tested leaders' conflict management styles and leadership effectiveness based upon different sources of work motivation. The model explained variance for obliging (65%), dominating (79%), avoiding (76%), and compromising (68%), but explained little variance for integrating (7%). The model explained only 28% of the variance in leader effectiveness.
Psychological Processes and Family Variables as Prosocial Behavior Predictors in a Sample of Spanish Adolescents
Authors: Mestre Vicenta , Samper Paula , Nácher Maria José , Tur Ana , Cortés Maria Teresa
Published: June 2007

A review of personal and family variables that regulate prosocial behavior is based on a sample of 1,433 Spanish adolescents (ages 9 to 13; 743 boys and 690 girls) who were assessed on the Prosocial Reasoning Objective Measure, the Physical and Verbal Aggression Scale, the Emotional Instability Scale, the State-Trait Anger Inventory, the Child's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory, the Prosocial Behavior Scale, and the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents. Discriminant analyses showed that empathy, self-control in anger-provoking situations, and affection in family relationships are the best predictors of prosocial behavior.
Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction and Income: A Study in Neuroeconomics
Authors: Spinella Marcello , Lester David , Yang Bijou
Published: June 2007

In four samples of adults, individual income was negatively associated with a measure of prefrontal cortex dysfunction even after implementing controls for age, sex, and education. The small association was stronger for men than for women. These results provide support for a neuroeconomic approach to the study of micro-economic variables.
Interrater Reliability of Scores Derived from Two Methods for Scoring the Clock Drawing Test
Authors: Adams Jennifer Harned , Gruber Nelson P. , Hays J. Ray
Published: June 2007

Scores on the Clock Drawing Test have long been considered a useful screening tool for neuropsychological dysfunction, and a number of scoring methods have been developed to evaluate various aspects of performance. This study compared quantitative and qualitative scoring by briefly trained students on 145 clock drawings produced by patients in a geriatric psychiatry outpatient clinic to estimate the interrater reliability of the methods, user's acceptance of the methods, and whether the methods provide differential diagnosis. Both systems showed acceptable interrater reliability. Using the quantitative method, raters scored drawings by patients with organic mental disease as more impaired than those patients diagnosed as depressed or schizophrenic. Results suggest that the Clock Drawing Test is a reliable screening tool for cognitive impairment in a geropsychiatric population, but the scoring methods examined do not yet appear psychometrically sound enough to provide a differential diagnosis.
Religious Identity among Christian Korean-American Adolescents
Authors: Lee Jennifer , Miller Lisa , Chang Esther S.
Published: June 2007

This exploratory study examined religious identity among Christian Korean-American adolescents. Marcia's 1966 model of identity formation, which conceptualizes identity along dimensions of exploration and commitment, provided the framework for the current study. 49 participants, between the ages of 14 and 19 years, completed the Duke Religion Index, the religion items from the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status, the Pan-denominational Measure of Personal Devotion and Personal Conservatism, and six questions assessing perceived parental involvement. Analysis indicated that high scores on Organizational and Intrinsic Religiosity were positively correlated with the commitment statuses of Achievement and Foreclosure and negatively correlated with the noncommitment statuses of Moratorium and Diffusion. Also high scores on perceived parental involvement were positively correlated with the nonexploration status of Foreclosure and negatively correlated with the exploration status of Moratorium. Overall, the study provided a general portrait and initial examination of the formation of religious identity in a sample of Christian Korean-American adolescents.
Comparison of the Books of the New Testament (English Translation) in Terms of Emotion and Word Use
Authors: Whissell Cynthia
Published: June 2007

The 27 books of the New Testament (English Translation) were scored using the Dictionary of Affect in Language. Books were compared with one another in terms of Activation, Pleasantness, and Imagery scores, and in terms of word length, use of the word “love,” and mentions of Jesus. Significant differences among books were evident for all variables. A table of means and standard errors is provided. Measures of the books were related to one another, e.g., Pleasantness score and the use of the word “love” (ρ = .80) and to descriptors of the books, e.g., longer books tended to score lower on Pleasantness (ρ = -.79).
A Revised Emotional Intelligence Scale: Factor Re-Evaluation and Item Reduction
Authors: Sheridan Michael J. , Horgas Sarah , Fukunishi Isao , Wise Thomas N.
Published: June 2007

The original Emotional Intelligence Scale of Fukunishi utilized 65 items measuring 3 basic dimensions: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and situational. 170 psychiatric outpatients (84 men and 86 women) completed the inventory. The mean age of the sample was 41.1 yr. ( SD = 12.4). Compared with the 65-item scale, factor re-analysis yielded a new 34-item solution with significant correlations for the Intrapsychic (.97) and Interpersonal dimensions (.96) of the larger scale, but not with the Situational dimension (.43). The correlation between the total inventory scores was also significant (.94).
Coefficient of Variation Calculated from the Range for Skewed Distributions
Authors: Rhiel G. Steven
Published: June 2007

In this research a coefficient of variation ( CVShigh-low) is developed that is calculated from the highest and lowest values in a set of data for samples from skewed distributions. A correction factor is determined such that CVShigh-low is a close estimate of the population coefficient of variation when sampling from three skewed χ2 distributions and three skewed empirical distributions. The empirical distributions are from “real-world” data sets in psychology and education.
Adolescents' Communication with Parents on Sexual Topics: A Study of Young People in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Hsieh-Hua , Wu Chyi-In
Published: June 2007

Communication between parents and adolescents about adolescents' sexual behavior has been studied. However, the types of issues on which adolescents are willing to communicate with their parents have been scarcely discussed. A survey was conducted among a random sample of 1,204 junior high school students in Taipei. The survey probed into adolescents' communication with their parents as related to sex, including physical development, sexuality, choice of partner, frequency of dating, whom to date, and intimacy during dating. Analysis showed that physical development was the topic most often discussed. Talking about dating was discussed less than the other three topics. Moreover, girls were more likely to communicate with their parents than boys about all six issues.
Exploring Ease in Thinking Aloud
Authors: Schneider Johann F. , Reichl Corinna
Published: June 2007

Thinking aloud seems unnatural and difficult to most subjects. The present study explored the relation between Ease in Thinking Aloud, verbal fluency, Self-talk, and Big Five personality traits for a heterogeneous sample of 101 German-speaking adults (50 women and 51 men). Ease in Thinking Aloud positively correlated with scores on verbal fluency ( r = .31) and Conscientiousness ( r = 38). The discussion considers implications for further research on ease in thinking aloud.
Relationship between Self-Reported Intensity of Headache and Magnitude of Surface EMG
Authors: Levine Reed L. , Levy Lewis A.
Published: June 2007

The study was designed to examine the relationship between self-reported intensity of headache and surface EMG. 98 patients, diagnosed by their neurologists with “muscle-contraction headaches” (tension-type headaches) were referred to evaluate their suitability for biofeedback therapy. At the time of examination, they were asked to rate their average headache intensity on a 10-point scale. Surface EMG data were collected to assess actual muscle contraction. Analysis indicated that among patients diagnosed with muscle contraction headache, there is a positive significant correlation between self-reported intensity of headache and actual muscle-contraction. The current data lend support to the hypothesis that the tension in the headaches currently described as “tension-type” may in fact refer to actual muscular tension or contraction.
Sex Differences in Correlations between Personal Incentives and Self-Motivation, and Occurrence of Perceived Positive Changes in Feeling States after Exercise
Authors: Annesi James J.
Published: June 2007

Personal incentives for exercising of weight management and appearance improvement were significantly correlated with percentage of positive exercise-induced feeling changes in women ( n = 23) and men ( n = 20) initiating 12-wk. exercise programs. No significant differences were found by sex. Self-motivation was also significantly related to occurrence of positive feeling changes for men.
Evoking Shame and Guilt: A Comparison of Two Theories
Authors: Fromson Paul M.
Published: June 2007

Self-discrepancy theory associates shame with deviations from ideals that significant others hold for us and guilt with deviations from one's own moral guides. By contrast, Tangney posits that, although transgressions may engender both of these emotions, the nature of focus determines the specific reaction. Focusing upon the action committed engenders guilt, whereas focusing on the self who committed the action engenders shame. Participants recounted one of four types of discrepant actions and responded to measures of shame, guilt, anxiety, and depression. Consistent with Tangney's theorizing, across all types of discrepant actions, guilt was rated significantly higher than shame.
Psychoeducation and Expressed Emotion by Parents of Children with Learning Disorders
Authors: Uslu Runa , Erden Gulsen , Kapci Emine Gul
Published: June 2007

The present study assessed use of a psychoeducation group program on expressed emotion, family functioning, and child behavior by parents of children with learning disorders. 81 parents of children with learning disorders were randomly assigned to a psychoeducation group program ( n = 46) or to a regular treatment group ( n = 35). A semistructured interview for parental expressed emotion, self-reports of family functioning, and child behavior were utilized at baseline and after an 8-session psychoeducation group program. Parents who attended the program differed significantly from parents in the regular treatment group on measures of criticism, warmth, and positive remarks, and overall expressed emotion, but not on measures of perceived family functioning and child behavior. Findings indicate a psychoeducation group program could be effective in helping parents to establish a more positive emotional climate in their relationships with their children who have learning disorders.
Excessive Self-Focused Attention and Defensiveness among Psychiatric Patients: A Vicious Cycle?
Authors: Höping Winfried , de Jong-Meyer Renate , Abrams Dominic
Published: June 2007

The contribution of defensive coping to the phenomenon of excessive self-focused attention was studied in 20 depressed or anxious psychiatric outpatients comprising the negative affect group, 20 patients with psychotic disorders, and a control group of 21 patients of an orthopaedic clinic. Self-focused attention was assessed using the Self-reflectiveness and Internal State Awareness subfactors of the Private Self-consciousness Scale. In accordance with other research on self-focused attention, the negative affect group obtained higher scores on the Self-reflectiveness scale' than the control group ( t39 = 2.40, p <.03). To examine the relationship between self-focus and defensiveness, Weinberger, Schwartz, and Davidson's approach was employed, using median splits of short forms of the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Marlowe-Crowne scale to differentiate among four groups of subjects. The highest self-reflectiveness was found for those participants who were high in both defensiveness and anxiety. This group scored higher than the nondefensive high anxious group ( t30 = −2.31, p <.03). The heightened self-focused attention might result from automatically instigated states of self-focused attention and paradoxical effects of defensive efforts to avoid self-focus.
Locus of Control and Academic Achievement in High School Students
Authors: Shepherd Stephanie , Owen Dean , Fitch Trey J. , Marshall Jennifer L.
Published: June 2007

This study investigated the hypothesized relationship between internal locus of control and academic achievement among a sample of 187 students in Grades 8 through 12 using the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children. Analysis indicated that students in the higher GPA group reported higher scores on internal locus of control.
Suicide after Surgical Treatment in Patients with Epilepsy: A Meta-Analytic Investigation
Authors: Pompili Maurizio , Girardi Paolo , Tatarelli Giulia , Angeletti Gloria , Tatarelli Roberto
Published: June 2007

Suicide is a major issue in surgically treated epileptic patients. A meta-analysis was performed comparing suicides in a sample of such patients and in the general population. The Index Medicus and the World Health Statistics Annual were searched to ascertain the suicide rates in the age groups indicated in the studies of epileptic patients for specific years and country. 11 studies were selected, comprising 2,425 patients, 24 of whom committed suicide. Data obtained for each study were processed together to calculate the mean number of suicides per 100,000 individuals with surgically treated epilepsy for each year. This meta-analysis shows that suicide in patients with epilepsy after surgical treatment is more frequent than in the general population. Results are discussed with particular attention to possible causative factors.
Preliminary Study of Reminiscence Therapy on Depression and Self-Esteem in Cancer Patients
Authors: Ando Michiyo , Tsuda Akira , Moorey Stirling
Published: June 2007

The present study investigated use of life review, a form of reminiscence, on the depression and self-esteem in cancer patients. 15 cancer patients in the experimental group participated in individual reminiscence therapy. 21 patients in the comparison group received no therapy. All patients were measured on both depression and self-esteem scales during two testing periods. Analysis showed mean depression scores of the cancer patients decreased and mean self-esteem increased significantly after the life-review therapy sessions, while the scores of the comparison group did not change. Furthermore, patients' psychological states were improved, and they thought their problems had been addressed. These results suggest reminiscence therapy can be useful for cancer patients.
Testing the Two-Cycle Model by Different Word Types
Authors: Lee Chang H.
Published: June 2007

The two-cycle model assumes that consonants in words are processed more quickly than vowels. This study tested the two-cycle model with different word types using a priming task which presented consonants or vowels before the target. Analysis showed presenting consonants before the target was beneficial in processing the target for the words with the letter compositions of CWC and CVCV. In contrast, presenting vowels before the target was beneficial for the words with the letter composition of VCVC. The words with the letter composition of VCCV showed no difference between the consonant prime and the vowel prime. The two-cycle model was not supported across all types of words.
Preliminary Comparison of Continuous versus Noncontinuous Programming and Attitude toward and Recall of Advertisements
Authors: Akyamaç Orkide , Öner-Özkan Bengi
Published: June 2007

Need for continuity of a television program was assessed with attitude toward and recall of advertisements. The program continuity was manipulated experimentally by presenting one music video program as Top 10 (continuous) or as Regular (discontinuous) format. General attitude toward commercials and the belief in advertisement-product realism were investigated through the commercials with continuous and discontinuous formats of the same program. Data were gathered from undergraduates (23 men and 68 women) whose mean age was 20.2 yr. ( SD = 2.5). Analyses indicated continuity was not related to their attitude towards embedded commercials but was associated with their recall. Implications were discussed.
Loneliness in Domestically Abused Women
Authors: Rokach Ami
Published: June 2007

The qualitative aspects of loneliness in abused women were explored. 80 women, victims of domestic abuse who were staying in shelters, were compared with 84 women from the general population who had no history of abusive relationships. A 30-item loneliness questionnaire, having five qualitative dimensions of loneliness, namely Emotional Distress, Social Inadequacy and Alienation, Growth and Discovery, Interpersonal Isolation, and Self-alienation, was utilized to compare the loneliness in the two samples. Analysis supported the hypothesis that abused women experience loneliness differently from the general population. These abused women scored significantly higher on Emotional Distress, Interpersonal Isolation, and the Self-alienation subscales.
Pilot Study of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopausal Symptoms, Depression, and Quality of Life in Korean Climacteric Women
Authors: Lim Hyun-Ja , Cho Hye-Jin , Lee Myeong Soo
Published: June 2007

This cross-sectional survey compared scores on the Menopausal Symptoms Index, Depression, and the Quality of Life for 65 Korean climacteric women receiving regular hormone replacement therapy ( M age = 52.8 yr., SD = 63) and 70 Korean climacteric patients not receiving such therapy ( M age = 51.6 yr., SD = 7.1). Depression scores were positively correlated with the Menopausal Symptoms Index in both groups ( r = .58 in the Therapy group and r = .50 in the Control group) and negatively correlated with scores for Quality of Life ( r = −.48 in the Therapy group and r = −.68 in the Control group). Scores on the Menopausal Symptoms Index were negatively correlated with ratings of Quality of Life in both groups ( r = −.53 in the Therapy group and r = −.45 in the Control group). These results suggest that hormone replacement therapy is associated with reduced Depression scores and higher Quality of Life scores in this sample of Korean climacteric women.
A Profile of Adolescent Alcohol Offenders in Two Rural Midwestern Counties
Authors: Nevitt James R. , Lundak Joel , Galardi Greg
Published: June 2007

Screening tools specifically developed for use with adolescents may be more sensitive predictors of relapse or recidivism than self-report inventories typically used to screen adults. 70 adolescents in a program for drunk drivers in two counties in southeastern Nebraska were given both the CRAFFT and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test questionnaires during routine alcohol-dependency evaluations. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test was also given to 28 subjects selected at random. 11 boys and 6 girls did not successfully complete the program. Significant correlations obtained for AUDIT scores for both the CRAFFT ( r69 = .65, p <.01) and failure to complete diversion ( r69 = .23, p <.05). Subjects were grouped by age (18 and younger and over 18 years) and by sex. A 2 × 2 analysis of variance for scores on the AUDIT indicated significant main effects for both age ( F1,66 = 4.86, p <.05) and sex ( F1,66 = 5.96, p <.01). MAST and CRAFFT scores showed no age or sex differences. The AUDIT might be included in drug and alcohol assessments with similar samples of adolescents.
British and American Attitudes toward Credit Cards
Authors: Yang Bijou , James Simon , Lester David
Published: June 2007

American university students owned more than twice as many credit cards as British university students. However, scores on a credit card attitude scale predicted the number of cards owned by respondents in both countries.
Sex and Sport-Related Differences in Satisfaction among Greek Swimmers
Authors: Papadopoulou Areti , Tsigilis Nikolaos , Theodorakis Nicholas D. , Tsalis George
Published: June 2007

The purpose was to test the applicability of the Scale of Athlete Satisfaction for Greek swimmers and to assess sex and sport-related differences for swimmers' mean satisfaction. The sample of 351 Greek swimmers comprised 186 males and 165 females competing in five categories of the National Swimming Championship in Greece. Their mean age was 16 yr. ( SD = 2; range 13 to 28 years). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the factorial validity of the scale. Analysis indicated that sex, weekly practice schedule, and sport experience differentiated facets of satisfaction among these swimmers. This scale is reliable and valid for measuring athletes' satisfaction with individual sports.
Two Cognitions Observed in Taijin-Kyofusho and Social Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Sasaki Jun , Tanno Yoshihiko
Published: June 2007

The offensive type is most characteristic in four types of social fear or anxiety in Japan, Taijin-kyofusho. This type is characterized by cognitions of other-offending and avoidance-by-others. The present purpose was to investigate which cognition is more important in the pathogenesis of the Offensive type. 220 undergraduates completed the Other-offending Cognition and the Avoidance-by-others Cognition Scale, the Interaction Anxiety Scale, and Audience Anxiety Scale. Partial correlations, controlling for each cognition in turn, showed a significant association only between scores on Social Anxiety Disorder and the other-offending cognition. Change in the other-offending cognition may have therapeutic importance.
Positive Illusions: Positively Correlated with Subjective Well-Being, Negatively Correlated with a Measure of Personal Growth
Authors: Brookings Jeffrey B. , Serratelli Andrew J.
Published: June 2007

Psychologists have long debated the benefits and costs of self-deceptive enhancement or positive illusions. Accurate perception of reality is central to the definitions of mental health proposed by many personality and clinical psychologists, but Taylor and Brown have suggested that having positive illusions is associated with increased happiness and satisfaction with life. One explanation for the conflicting assertions is that mental health, broadly defined, includes both subjective well-being and personal growth, distinguishable factors which are differentially related to positive illusions. For this study, 81 college students completed measures of positive illusions (Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Self-deceptive Positivity and How I See Myself Questionnaire), subjective well-being (Satisfaction With Life Scale and Existential Anxiety Scale), and moral reasoning (Defining Issues Test) as an index of personal growth. As predicted, positive illusion composite scores were positively correlated with scores on the subjective well-being composite ( r = .40) but negatively correlated with Defining Issues Test scores ( r = −.25). The quadratic relationship between these measures of positive illusion and subjective well-being composites was not significant, indicating no support for an “optimal margin of illusion.”
Relations of Parental Status with Alcohol Use Patterns and Attitudes about Underage Drinking
Authors: Pritchard Mary E. , McDonald Theodore W.
Published: June 2007

In a sample of 143 adults from a population of households in Idaho, significant differences in patterns of alcohol use and attitudes about underage drinking were related to parental status. Nonparents reported drinking alcohol more frequently than parents. Parents were significantly more likely than nonparents to report that it is never acceptable for minors to drink alcohol, that minors should not be allowed to drink alcohol at parties with no parents present, and that “sting” operations by police are warranted. Surprisingly, nonparents were significantly more likely than parents to report stores and bars are not careful enough about selling alcohol to minors.
Subthreshold Bipolar Traits and Suicide Risk among Undergraduates
Authors: Pompili Maurizio , Girardi Paolo , Tatarelli Roberto , Lester David
Published: June 2007

Data from a sample of 500 undergraduate students showed that depression scores were more strongly correlated with suicide risk than were mania scores, suggesting that such traits should be routinely screened to evaluate suicide risk.
Repeated Questioning for Order of Events: Disparate Effects following Logical versus Random Presentation
Authors: Kelley Matthew R. , Lehman Melissa S.
Published: June 2007

In the present study, 72 college-age participants from an introductory psychology course viewed a series of 20 pictures depicting events surrounding a routine activity, i.e., eating at a cafeteria; these pictures were presented either in a logical order, e.g., enter cafeteria, pick up tray, stand in line, and select food, or in a random order. Three successive tests of free reconstruction of order indicated disparate effects of these conditions; random presentation produced significant forgetting of order information across tests, whereas logical presentation produced no change in performance across tests. Whereas randomly presented stimuli produced both reliable intertest recovery (reminiscence) and forgetting, neither result was observed following logical presentation. The implications of these data for eyewitness testimony for general theories of hypermnesia are discussed.
Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
Authors: Dussault Marc
Published: June 2007

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' instructional efficacy and their organizational citizenship behavior. Questionnaires were sent to a sample of 1,100 French Canadian high school teachers. A response rate of 44.36% was obtained (279 women and 208 men whose mean age was 40.4 yr.) Teachers' instructional efficacy was assessed with a French Canadian version of the Teacher Efficacy Scale and organizational citizenship behavior was assessed with a questionnaire constructed for the study. Analysis yielded positive and significant correlations ( rs ranging from .19 and .34, p <.01) between teachers' personal teaching efficacy and organizational citizenship behaviors such as altruism, courtesy, conscientiousness, and civic virtue. General teaching efficacy was only related to sportsmanship ( r = .15, p <.01). So the predictions were partially supported by the results.
Evidence of Computerphobia in Nigerian Education Majors
Authors: Arigbabu Abayomi A.
Published: June 2007

The 20-item Computer Anxiety Scale was administered to a Nigerian sample of 162 undergraduates in education (53 men and 109 women). Analysis indicated that the construct of computer anxiety appears to be invariant with respect to sex, year of study, or group (science/nonscience). In addition, a high prevalence of computer anxiety was observed as about two-thirds of the participants had computer anxiety scores exceeding 60 with a mean score of 65.3 ( SD = 16.6).
Validity of Self-Efficacy Scale Scores for a Spanish Sample
Authors: López-Torrecillas Francisca , García Juan , Cañadas Guillermo A. , Uclés Isabel Ramírez , de la Fuente Emilia I.
Published: June 2007

This study analyzed the validity of the Sherer, et al. Self-efficacy Scale for a Spanish sample of 555 subjects, 257 men and 298 women. 415 were from the general population; 34 schizophrenics and 45 with eating disorders were from a clinic, plus 61 drug addicts from two centers. All met DSM-IV-R criteria. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Assertiveness Inventory, and the Self-control Questionnaire were administered. The reliability for total scores, general factor were high even when social self-efficacy was low. A bidimensional factor structure seemed more acceptable. The Self-efficacy scale scores correlated with those on the Self-control Questionnaire and the Assertiveness Inventory. Extraversion scores on the Sincerity dimension of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire correlated with scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Eysenck's Neuroticism and Psychoticism scales. Significant mean differences appeared between the general population group and the three clinical groups. These analyses support the usefulness of the scale for clinical practice and research with Spanish samples.
Associations of Students' Self-Reports of Their Teachers' Verbal Aggression, Intrinsic Motivation, and Perceptions of Reasons for Discipline in Greek Physical Education Classes
Authors: Bekiari Alexandra , Kokaridas Dimitrios , Sakellariou Kimon
Published: June 2007

In this study were examined associations among physical education teachers' verbal aggressiveness as perceived by students and students' intrinsic motivation and reasons for discipline. The sample consisted of 265 Greek adolescent students who completed four questionnaires, the Verbal Aggressiveness Scale, the Lesson Satisfaction Scale, the Reasons for Discipline Scale, and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory during physical education classes. Analysis indicated significant positive correlations among students' perceptions of teachers' verbal aggressiveness with pressure/ tension, external reasons, introjected reasons, no reasons, and self-responsibility. Significant negative correlations were noted for students' perceptions of teachers' verbal aggression with lesson satisfaction, enjoyment/interest, competence, effort/importance, intrinsic reasons, and caring. Differences between the two sexes were observed in their perceptions of teachers' verbal aggressiveness, intrinsic motivation, and reasons for discipline. Findings and implications for teachers' type of communication were also discussed and suggestions for research made.
Digital Access and National Character
Authors: Yang Bijou , Lester David
Published: June 2007

A digital access index was associated with measures of national character (such as extraversion and individualism) for 18 industrialized nations, but statistical controls for gross domestic product per capita eliminated these associations.
Need for Closure and Youths' Leisure Time Preferences
Authors: Vermeir Iris , Geuens Maggie
Published: June 2007

The Need for Closure is an individual characteristic which may help explain individual differences in engagement in leisure activities. Both a leisure engagement inventory and a validated Dutch version of the Need for Closure Scale were administered to a convenient sample of 1,035 young adults ages 15 to 24 years of whom 552 were female. Leisure engagement was hypothesized to differ for groups differing in Need for Closure. More specifically, youngsters who score high (versus low) on Need for Closure engaged more in structured, cognitively effortless, and predictable leisure activities like shopping for fun and going to the cinema, while young adults scoring low (versus high) on Need for Closure more often participated in unstructured, unpredictable, cognitively effortful or challenging leisure activities like going to a party, a pub, or a pop concert, idly lazing away, visiting or hosting friends, attending an evening class and playing computer games.
Children and Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: Emotional Reactions, Coping Mechanisms, and Self-Esteem
Authors: Beka Anastasia , Dermitzaki Irini , Christodoulou Anastasios , Kapetanos George , Markovitis Marios , Pournaras John
Published: June 2007

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship among emotional responses of children and adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis towards their physical state, the coping mechanisms they used, and their self-esteem and the treatment condition of their disorder, i.e., the use of a brace or not. 82 children and adolescents ages 7 to 17 years who were attending an outpatient scoliosis clinic were administered two questionnaires; one evaluated emotional and behavioral factors linked to coping with stressful situations, and the second assessed self-esteem. Analysis showed that, after adjusting for emotion-focused coping, general self-esteem, and age, the effect of the use of brace as a treatment technique on the participants' emotional reactions was not significant.
Role Function and Job Satisfaction of School Psychologists Practicing in an Expanded Role Model
Authors: Brown Michael B. , Holcombe Debra C. , Bolen Larry M. , Thomson W. Scott
Published: June 2007

School psychologists are typically itinerant among multiple schools and often spend up to two-thirds of their time on assessment activities related to students with disabilities and special education programs. School psychologists in delivery of an expanded role service model are assigned to a single school and provide more consultation and intervention services. 97 school psychologists assigned to an expanded role in a single southeastern urban school district were surveyed on their job roles and job satisfaction. The majority were satisfied or very satisfied with their jobs, particularly with engaging in activities that were of service to others and staying involved in a variety of job activities. School psychologists wanted to spend less time in assessment, multidisciplinary team meetings, and administrative duties. The discrepancy between the desired and actual amount of time spent in multidisciplinary meetings was negatively related to job satisfaction. Psychologists wanted to spend more time in direct and indirect intervention, professional development, and networking.
Fragment Difficulty in Priming on Word-Completion Tests
Authors: Soler María José , Dasí Carmen , Ruiz Juan Carlos
Published: June 2007

Word-fragment completion is a frequently used test in implicit memory research. In this test priming is the relevant variable. Priming is obtained by subtracting the proportion of nonstudied word fragments correctly completed (called “completion difficulty baseline”) from the studied word fragments correctly completed. Since completion difficulty can spuriously vary greatly between experimental conditions, its effect on magnitude of priming is studied. Normative frequency of occurrence of target words was considered because their influence over performance is known. In an experiment using a word-fragment completion test, participants' completion of fragments at three levels of completion difficulty and two levels of frequency was tested. Analysis showed that completion difficulty had a significant effect on global priming. The priming magnitude was higher for Difficult and Moderately Difficult fragments than for Easy ones. An interaction between fragment difficulty and normative word frequency was observed. When the fragments were easy to complete, the expected effect of higher priming for low-frequency words than for high-frequency words was not observed.
Toward Measurement of Social Exchange Resources: Reciprocal Contributions and Receipts
Authors: Seers Anson , Wilkerson James M. , Grubb W. Lee
Published: June 2007

This study investigates development of measures for the social resources which may be exchanged in working relationships, such as between supervisors and subordinates or between employees and work group peers. Items designed to measure social resource categories were administered to a heterogeneous sample of 260 employees from diverse organizations. This sample was fairly evenly divided by sex, age, job type, and employment tenure. Analysis showed both contribution and receipt of social resources can be distinctly measured for four different categories (information, respect, liking, and effort).
Construct and Concurrent Validity of the Korean Career Indecision Inventory
Authors: Tak Jinkook
Published: June 2007

Construct and concurrent validity of the Korean Career Indecision Inventory were examined. Data were collected from 238 South Korean college students. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the original five-factor model. As hypothesized, scores were significantly correlated with various variables such as scores on the Korean versions of the Career Decision Scale ( r = .49), the Vocational Identity Scale in My Vocational Situation ( r = −.63), the Career Decision-making Self-efficacy Scale ( r = −.47), and Negative Affectivity ( r = .37). These results support construct validity of the inventory. Students who indicated they were undecided about their careers had significantly higher scores than those who indicated they had decided on a career, supporting concurrent validity. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Career Pathfinders: A Qualitative Study of Career Development
Authors: Beutell Nicholas J. , O'Hare Marianne M.
Published: June 2007

This paper examined the perceptions of career path and issues of MBA students in response to Lore's The Pathfinder, a comprehensive career-planning model. Using internet discussion boards, an interactive dialogue was mentioned by participants in response to the components of Lore's model. The sample consisted of 50 fully employed MBA students enrolled in a course on self-assessment and career planning. A total of 1,781 separate postings were made and analyzed, using inductive analysis derived from discussion threads based on Lore's categories: comments on Lore's Pathfinder model, living a life you love (what's the holdup, career fantasies, work and family issues, and career selection), how to get there from here (commitment and future from the present), and designing your future career. Findings indicated several interesting trends in the career planning of current MBA students, particularly the importance of self or self-reflective observations in real time as students who are also fully employed formulate career plans. Implications for psychologists and career counselors, career development models, and suggestions for research are presented.
Emotional and Sexual Jealousy as a Function of Sex and Sexual Orientation in a Brazilian Sample
Authors: de Souza Altay Alves Lino , Verderane Michele Pereira , Taira Juliana Tieme , Otta Emma
Published: June 2007

The goal of the present study was to compare the relative distress of homosexual and heterosexual Brazilian men and women on scenarios in which they imagined their partners sexually or emotionally involved with another person, using a forced-choice paradigm and continuous measures. Participants were 68 heterosexual men, 72 heterosexual women, 42 homosexual men, and 35 homosexual women. On the forced-choice questions heterosexual men (39 on one question and 37 on the other) were more upset than their female counterparts (21 on one question and 15 on the other) by scenarios of sexual infidelity than those of emotional infidelity. On questions using continuous measures no significant difference was found between pleasurable sex and attachment scenarios for heterosexual women or heterosexual men. On the highly upsetting scenarios heterosexual men discriminated between flirting and both pleasurable sex and attachment scenarios, being less disturbed by the former. In contrast, heterosexual women were equally distressed by the three scenarios. Scores for the homosexual men and homosexual women fell in between those of the heterosexual men and heterosexual women and did not show a clear cut preference for the sexual infidelity or the emotional alternative on the forced-choice paradigm. However, on the continuous measures of jealousy homosexuals resembled heterosexuals of the opposite sex. There was no evidence that jealousy would be less intense among homosexuals although reproductive outcomes were not at risk.
Relationship between Duration of HIV Disease and Diagnostic History
Authors: Vance David
Published: June 2007

The duration of being infected with HIV, i.e., chronicity, is a unique factor that can affect coping and psychological outcomes. In a secondary data analysis, 50 HIV-positive adults between 30 and 57 years were administered the Centers for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale-Revised, and the HIV Stigma Scale, along with questions about their diagnostic history. Analysis indicated that those diagnosed longer with HIV reported ruminating less on the events leading up to their diagnosis ( r = −.36), reported less trauma by their diagnosis initially ( r = −.31), and reported fewer depressive symptoms ( r = −.30). Implications for addressing chronicity in research are posited.
Reliability and Validity of a Measure of Emotional Intelligence in an Iranian Sample
Authors: Yousefi Farideh
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, Version 2.0, in the Iranian culture. The sample included 353 students (168 male, 185 female) from senior high schools in Shiraz, ranging in age between 16 and 18 years ( M = 17.1), SD = 5), and 394 students (113 male, 281 female) from Shiraz University, ranging in age between 19 and 25 years ( M = 21.3, SD = 1.7). The subscale-total score correlations were in the upper fifties. Cronbach coefficient alpha was .86 for the full score and ranged from .58 to .86 for the 4 subscales of the test. The factor analysis supported 1- and 2-factor solutions of the emotional intelligence domain. The results generally supported the reliability of the test at the total score level for research in the Iranian culture.
Can Business and Economics Students Perform Elementary Arithmetic?
Authors: Standing Lionel G. , Sproule Robert A. , Leung Ambrose
Published: June 2007

Business and economics majors ( N = 146) were tested on the D'Amore Test of Elementary Arithmetic, which employs third-grade test items from 1932. Only 40% of the subjects passed the test by answering 10 out of 10 items correctly. Self-predicted scores were a good predictor of actual scores, but performance was not associated with demographic variables, grades in calculus courses, liking for science or computers, or mathematics anxiety. Scores decreased over the subjects' initial years on campus. The hardest test item, with an error rate of 23%, required the subject to evaluate (36 × 7) + (33 × 7). The results are similar to those of Standing in 2006, despite methodological changes intended to maximize performance.
Achievement Goals and Engagement in Individual and Collective Learning Activities
Authors: Navarro Claude , Escribe Christian , Dupeyrat Caroline
Published: June 2007

The relationship between achievement goals and individual and collective learning activities was examined for 290 university students who completed two questionnaires. One assessed three achievement goals—a mastery goal and two performance goals, namely, approval seeking and advancing. The other questionnaire measured how actively students report engaging in individual and collective learning activities. Regression analyses showed that the adoption of mastery goals was associated with active engagement in both individual and collective learning, while adoption of a performance goal of approval seeking was associated with passive engagement in individual learning activities. These results are discussed in relation to their theoretical implications and in regard to the possible moderating effect of protecting self-worth.