bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF INTENSITY OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY TO MEASLES AND RUBELLA IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN MOSCOW
Authors: Nozdracheva A. V. , Semenenko T. A. , Mardanly S. G. , Rotanov S. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of humoral immunity regarding causative agents of controllable infections in pregnant women in Moscow. Materials and methods. Sera of 559 pregnant and 201 non-pregnant women were studied for the presence of antibodies against measles and rubella virus by ELISA. Results. A significant proportion of individuals seronegative to measles was detected among pregnant (21.5%) and non-pregnant (29.1%) women aged 18 - 45, that exceeds the level acceptable by regulatory requirements by 3.1 and 4.2 times, respectively. The parameter increased with age and among seropositive individuals a high concentration of IgG against measles was noted. This gives evidence, that older individuals are not covered by measles vaccination enough, and a significant part of them has post-infection immunity that is higher and more robust compared with post-vaccination. Regarding rubella infection, a more favorable situation was established: proportion of seronegative individuals among the examined was 8.9 and 10.5%, respectively. The proportion of seronegative individuals decreased with age, and by age 36 - 45 reached the minimal 4,7%. A maximum amount of rubella seronegative individuals was detected in the 26-30 age group - 12.5%, as well as maximum proportion of individuals who have high concentration of specific IgG. An increase of the amount of seronegative results was observed with the increase of gestation period for both infections. Correlation between intensity of immunity against measles and rubella in the examined women was not present. Conclusion. Means for development of extra vaccination of the adult population and execution of laboratory examination of pregnant and women planning pregnancy are proposed regarding not only rubella, but also measles.
BIODIVERSITY AND ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENIC ENTEROBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SURFACE RESERVOIRS OF ROSTOV-ON-DON
Authors: Trishina A. V. , Bereznyak E. A. , Simonova I. R. , Verkina L. M. , Bereznyak A. Yu. , Poleeva M. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study biodiversity, sensitivity/resistance to antibacterial preparation (ABP) of opportunistic microorganisms of Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from surface reservoirs of Rostov-on-Don in 2014 - 2016. Materials and methods. Determination of genus and species membership of enterobacteria was carried out by the results of a complex of biochemical tests using MALDI Biotyper program-apparatus unit. Sensitivity to ABP was determined by serial dilution method. Results. 468 strains of opportunistic and pathogenic enterobacteria were isolated during the study. 20 genera, 33 species of microorganisms were identified. (37.0%), Klebsiella (13.2%), Citrobacter (8.0%) predominated. 8.5% of the strains isolated in 2014 were sensitive to ABP, 5.2% - in 2015; strains sensitive to ABP were not detected in 2016. The number of polyresistant isolates has increased during the last 3 years: 40.7% strains in 2014,60.1 % in 2015. 80,0% in 2016. Ceftriaxone, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin had high activity against the isolated enterobacteria. The highest resistance was documented against ampicillin, nalidixic acid, nitro-furane, co-trimoxazole. Conclusion. The data obtained allow to evaluate the dynamics of increase of polyresistant strains of enterobacteria isolated from surface reservoirs.
FEATURES OF IMMUNE RESPONSE DURING VARIOUS SCHEMES OF USE OF BACTERIAL THERAPEUTIC VACCINE IMMUNOVAC VP-4
Authors: Krasnoproshina L. I. , Serova T. A. , Foshina E. P. , Bisheva I. V. , Skhodova S. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study the dynamics of immunologic parameters in patients with chronic bacterial infections during various schemes of administration of Immunovac VP-4 vaccine. Materials and methods. Parameters of systemic immunity and levels of specific antibodies of various isotypes in blood sera and saliva against vaccine antigens of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were evaluated in patients (20 individuals, 18 - 50 years of age) distributed into 2 groups by vaccine administration type twice (before and 0,5 - 1,5 months after vaccine therapy course). Results. Local vaccination resulted in an increase of only IgA levels in saliva and both bacterial antigens, whereas parameters of systemic immunity before and after vaccination did not differ. Subcutaneous vaccination increased the level of sera antibodies of A- and G- isotypes against both bacterial antigens, normalized the decreased level of CD8" lymphocytes and an increased value of the immune regulating index; a tendency of increase of the percentage of CD3+ T-cells and reduction of the percentage of CD4+ T-helpers was observed. Conclusion. An optimal scheme of a combined vaccine therapy should be developed to obtain a complex effect, that would allow to simultaneously reach long-term local and systemic antibacterial immunity, as well as show immune modulating effect regarding cell compartment.
ANTIGENS OF SURFACE STRUCTURES OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE AS PERSPECTIVE VACCINE-CANDIDATES
Authors: Ovechko N. N. , Yastrebova N. E.
Published: September 2019

Despite long and successful use of Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccine, production of the vaccine against non-typed strains of Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is only being developed. Difficulties of this work are determined by features of NTHi compared with Hib: lack of polysaccharide capsule, high level of antigenic heterogeneity and specialties of pathogenesis development that includes spread through the organism from mucosa of the respiratory tract. Currently, 15 surface structures of NTHi are being actively studied with the aim of creating the vaccine. PE, P2, P6, PD proteins, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and others are among them. Only PD protein currently has practical application, that was used as a carrier with antigenic function in conjugated polysaccharide vaccines against pneumonia (Prevenar; PHiD-CV). Vaccination with these preparations allowed to reduce the total morbidity with acute rhinitis on children by 33 - 52%. However, this result can not be examined as final, thus, research and approbation of the vaccine-candidates continues.
COGNITIVE AXIS OF AGING: INFLAMMATION - MICROBIOTA OF SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: Filippova Yu. Yu. , Burnistrova A. L.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Detect connection between cognitive dysfunction in senior people with systemic infection profile and small intestine microbiota structure. Materials and methods. 42 senior individuals were included into the study All the examined have been divided into 2 groups based on the results of psychic status: 20 individuals with moderate cognitive disorders - «active longevity» group and 22 individuals with pronounced cognitive deficiency - «mercy» group. Systemic inflammation status and structure and quantitative composition of microbiota of small intestine was determined in all the senior individuals using gas chromatography mass-spectrometry of microbial markers. Results. Interconnection between systemic level of cytokines and microbiota structure of small intestine in senior people with various cognitive status was determined. Significant correlations between levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in blood plasma and quantity of Propionibacterium jensenii, Moraxella spp., Bacillus cereus and Fusobacterium spp. in small intestine and the degree of cognitive failure were detected for the first time. Conclusion. The parameters obtained could be used as predictive biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction in senior people.
EPSTEIN - BARR VIRAL INFECTION: MODERN SITUATION AND CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES AMONG FERTILE WOMEN AND NEWBORNS
Authors: Asratyan A. A. , Simonova E. G. , Kazaryan S. M. , Orlova O. A. , Ilenkina K. V. , Raichich S. R. , Sipacheva N. B. , Karazhas N. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The investigate the current manifestations of the symptomatic and inapparent epidemic process of Epstein-Barr infection, as well as identification of its features in women of childbearing age and newborns. Materials and methods. We performed an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of infectious mononucleosis and HIV infection in the Russian Federation. The trends of morbidity and its distribution across the territories and age groups was studied. A study was made on the frequency of detection of infection markers in women of childbearing age, incl. HIV-infected pregnant women and newborns. Results. It has been established that despite the complexity of the diagnosis, the incidence of infectious mononucleosis should be considered as an indicator of the epidemic process of the Epstein-Barr infection. Unlike healthy pregnant women, in HIV-infected pregnant women markers of acute infection that occurred without clinical manifestations were observed significantly more frequent. The maximum intensity of the active epidemic process was detected among 15 - 19 years old pregnant women who are in the latent stage of HIV with intravenous drug abuse. In older age groups of pregnant women, reinfection was observed. High incidence in newborns, as well as detection of markers of acute infection indicate the need for further research to obtain strong evidence of vertical transmission of the pathogen. Conclusion. The study showed evidence of high activity of the epidemic process of Epstein-Barr infection in fertile women. The maximum frequency of infection markers was found among HIV-infected pregnant women, which increases the risk of intrauterine infection of the fetus and newborns.
BIOFILMS OF PATHOGENIC BURKHOLDERIA AND THEIR ROLE IN RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Shubnikova E. V. , Merinova L. K. , Senina T. V. , Korol E. V. , Merinova O. A.
Published: September 2019

The review contains the current knowledge on the main issues of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei biofilm formation. The role ofknown structural elements of Burkholderia cells (flagella, type IV pili, LPS), as well as autotransporter adhesin proteins in the attachment of bacteria to surfaces, the formation of microcolonies and biofilm is described. The review also includes information of genetic regulatory mechanisms (QS-systems, RpoE-sigma factor, c-di-GMP, two-component signal transduction system), differentially expressed genes related to the formation of B. pseudomallei biofilm, role ofbiofilms in the virulence and resistance to antibiotics of pathogenic Burkholderia and their significance for the chronic processes and recurrent course of melioidosis and glanders.
CATHETER-ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART AND KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Orlova O. G. , Rybalchenko O. V. , Erman M. V. , Pervunina T. M. , Fonturenko A. Yu.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To detect pathogens that are capable of causing diseases or infections as postoperative complications in children with congenital heart and kidney disease, to be effective at preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Materials and methods. Clinical material served samples of excrement, urine and urinary catheters of Foley (Unomedica) from sixteen children with congenital heart disease, who were being treated at the Almazov Medical Research Center. The isolated strains were classified according to the identification RapID Systems (USA). Antibiotic sensitivity of isolated bacteria was performed by thedisk diffusion method (NICF, Russia). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed several types of bacterial communities on intraluminal surface of urethral catheter. Escherichia coli strains were tested for presence of virulence genes a-hemolysin: hly А, В, C by real-time PCR testing (using the detecting amplifier DTlite (DNA Technology, Russia). Results. The main microbial agents were isolated in urines samples from 3 of 16 patients were Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Gram-positive cocci were found in 56% samples of excrement and Gram-negative in 44% samples. It was found that on intraluminal surface in 10 out of 16 urethral catheter samples mixed microbial cultures were isolated, S. aureus and E. coli were prevailed. Methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus (MRSA) have been reported in 85% cases. E. coli a-hemolysin (Ыу А, В, C) were identified in 60% strains. SEM examination two samples of urinary catheters revealed actinomyces-like forms of bacteria that were not detected in the primary bacteriological study. Conclusion. Early diagnosis of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in children with congenital heart heart and kidney disease requires a comprehensive approach to setting detecting priorities and selecting the most effective microbiological analysis, and is mandatory to use modem diagnostic methods.
SEVERE CASES OF SEASONAL INFLUENZA IN RUSSIA IN 2015 - 2016 AND 2016 - 2017
Authors: Svyatchenko S. V. , Durymanov A. G. , Susloparov I. M. , Kolosova N. P. , Goncharova N. I. , Petrova O. V. , Epanchintseva A. V. , Maksyutova A. V. , Kondik K. S. , Slaboda O. K. , Ivanova E. V. , Mikheev V. N. , Ryzhikov A. B. , Ilicheva T. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Evaluation of seroprevalence of antibodies to influenza A and В viruses and analysis of specimens from severe or fatal influenza cases in Russia in 2015 - 2016 and 2016 - 2017 flu seasons. Materials and methods. Determination of antibody titer in human serum samples in hemagglutination inhibition assay with reference antigens. Isolation of influenza viruses from nasopharyngeal swabs and autopsy material in cell culture. Characterization ofisolated strains. Results. In 2016, compared to 2015, the proportion of serum samples, containing antibodies to influenza viruses A(H 1N1 pdm09) and A(H3N2), increased. During the 2015-2016 season, elevated number of severe and fatal cases of influenza were registered. The majority of circulated strains belonged to the new clade 6B.1 of A(HlNippdm09 viruses. 1% of analyzed isolates carried H275Y amino acid substitution in neuraminidase and were resistant to oseltamivir. In the 2016 - 2017 season, there were less severe cases of influenza. The most prevalent were influenza viruses A(H3N2) and B/Victoria. Isolated H3N2 viruses belonged to the 3C.2a subclade and B/Victoria isolates were from the 1A genetic group. All tested strains were susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors. Conclusions. Flu seasons 2015 - 2016 and 2016 - 2017 differed in intensity of influenza activity and in the dominant influenza A virus subtype. Immunization with vaccine, comprising new HlNlpdm09-component, is crucial for prophylaxis of influenza infection with viruses from 6B. 1 subclade in the next season. Neuraminidase inhibitors are recommended for influenza treatment.
EFFECT OF EXOPOLISACCHARIDES OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON THE SYNTHESIS OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES BY MACROPHAGIC MICE IN PHAGOCYTOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Uryadova G. T. , Gorelnikova E. A. , Fokina N. A. , Dolmashkina A. S. , Karpunina L. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of the effect of exopolysaccharides (EPS) of lactic acid cocci on cytokine activity of macrophages of mice with phagocytosis in vitro Staphylococcus aureus 209-P. Materials and methods. The EPS of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis B-1662 was used in the work. At 13, 5 and 7, AMP and PMP were isolated and the phagocytosis process was modeled in vitro. After 30 minutes, 1, 6 and 24 hours, the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1a and TNF-a was determined. Results. EPSs had an ambiguous effect on the production of cytokines. The greatest effect on the synthesis was provided by EPS of S. thermophilus. Conclusion. The results of the study allow us to talk about the possibility of using EPS of S. thermophilus as a preventive immunomodulator for correction of the cytokine status of animals.
IMMUNIZATION WITH PROTEINS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA OprF AND aTox ENHANCES THE PHAGOCYTIC AND BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF LEUKOCYTES IN MICE
Authors: Kalinichenko E. O. , Skhodova S. A. , Akhmatova N. K. , Mikhailova N. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the effect of vaccine preparation against Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of immunocompetent cells in mice. Materials and methods. Preparation: 25 pg of OprF, 50 pg of aTox sorbed by 75 pg of aluminum hydroxide. For immunization, the recombinant protein preparation was mixed in equal weight fractions with an aluminum hydroxide gel, diluted in phosphate buffered saline, and sorbed for 12 hours at 4°C. The vaccine preparation was administered intraperitoneally in 0.5 ml to BALB/с mice. The phagocytic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes was determined from the absorption capacity of heat-killed FITC-labeled Staphylococcus aureus by neutrophils and monocytes of immunized mice by flow cytometry. The bactericidal activity of mice blood leukocytes was assessed for the live culture of S.aureus using flow cytometry Cytomix FC-500 (Beckman Coulter). Results. Administration to mice of recombinant proteins P. aeruginosa OprF and aTox sorbed on aluminum hydroxide led to an increase in the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of monocytes and granulocytes of peripheral blood. The maximum increase in the number of phagocytized monocytes was observed on the 7th, and granulocytes on the 17th day after the first immunization. Booster immunization did not lead to additional stimulation of phagocytic activity, but the number of phagocytic cells was significantly (p
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PATHOGENICITY OF INFLUENZA A(H5N1) AND A(H1N1)pdm09 VIRUSES IN MICE
Authors: Prokopeva E. A. , Sharshov K. A. , Romanovskaya A. A. , Sobolev I. A. , Kurskaya O. G. , Soloveva E. I. , Shestopalova L. V. , Zaykovskaya A. V. , Alekseev A. Yu. , Shestopalov A. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Compare the degree of pathogenicity of newly emerging influenza virus strains with pandemic potential by experimental infection of BALB/c mice with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus and mouse adapted pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Materials and methods. The first group of BALB/c mice (n=24) were infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in a dose of 5 LD50, and the second group (n=24) were infected with mouse adapted pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus at a dose of 5 LD50. Determination of LD50 and TCID50 were performed by virological methods. Morphological changes in internal organs (lung, brain, liver, kidney, spleen) were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Results. Virologic analysis showed that both strains are highly lethal for mice. Microscopic examination revealed the development of interstitial pneumonia in the lungs and generalization of infection in the internal organs. Conclusion. In both groups of BALB/c mice experimentally infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) and mouse adapted pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus were revealed the development of a highly lethal disease in the form of respiratory pneumonia. It is noted, different mechanisms of pathological process: in case of infection with mouse adapted pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus firstly developed bronchitis, which quickly exacerbated by the development of alveolitis, while in case of infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) immediately developed alveolitis. On the 6th day after infection recorded the development of generalized infection in mice of both experimental groups.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY INACTIVATED VACCINE FOR POLYOMIELITIS PREVENTION (NETHERLANDS) AND VACCINE «IMOVAX POLIO» (FRANCE) IN CHILDREN USING TRIPLE IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Feldblyum I. V. , Romanenko V. V. , Menshikova M. G. , Okuneva I. A. , Makarov A. E. , Isaeva N. V. , Radzivi M. G.
Published: September 2019

Aim is comparative evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) «Bilthoven Biologicals B.V.» (Netherlands) and «Imovax Polio» (France) with subcutaneous and intramuscular modes of administration. Materials and methods. In a doubleblind, comparative clinical randomized multicenter study, 120 children at the age of 3 months participated as volunteers. They were divided into 4 groups: 1 and 2 groups were given IPV intramuscular (group 1) and subcutaneous (group 2) mode of administration, children of groups 3 and 4 were given the vaccine «Imovax Polio». Results. IPV is characterized by a high safety profile and immunogenicity both in subcutaneous and intramuscular modes of administration and it is comparable in its characteristics with the vaccine «Imovax Polio». Conclusion. Vaccine IPV (Netherlands) is recommended for registration in the territory of the Russian Federation and its further using in the National Vaccination Schedule.
IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS IN THE TREATMENT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY
Authors: Pakhomov D. V. , Mashilov K. V. , Kostinova A. M.
Published: September 2019

HIV-infection is a widespread and social importance disease. HIV-infection leads to secondary immunodeficiency and lower resistance to infectious diseases, such as influenza and pneumo coccal infection. In this regard, the relevant vaccination against pneumococcal infection and influenza in the risk group. According to research, 91% HIV-infected respond to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PKV23), and duration of immunity is 5 and more years. Vaccination against influenza had effect in 76% patients, it was lower, than in health control. This data suggests, that new vaccines and immunization scheme are needed.
DEPENDENCE OF DETECTION OF MARKERS OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS FROM ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN CHILDREN BORN BY HIV-INFECTED MATTERS
Authors: Rybalkina T. N. , Karazhas N. V. , Savinkov P. A. , Boshyan R. E. , Lysenkova M. Yu. , Kornienko M. N. , Burmistrov E. M. , Veselovsky P. A. , Soldatova I. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the dependence of detection of markers of opportunistic infections from afherence to antiretroviral therapy in children born to HIV-infected mothers on the example of herpesvirus infectionsand pneumocystis. Materials and methods. Samples of biological materials (blood serum and blood cells) of 66 children with HIV infection aged 1 month to 15 years old were treated in Children’s Boxed Department of Children’s Hospital No. 2 with diagnoses «incomplete HIV test» (children from the age of one month to one and a half years) and «HIV infection». To determine IgM and IgG to herpesviruses and pneumocyst, the method of enzyme immunoassay was used; indirect immunofluorescence reaction for the detection of herpesviruses and their antigens in the blood, early antigens and virus reproduction were determined using a rapid culture method. Results. 56.0% of the surveyed children received complete antiretroviral therapy, in 16,7% of cases they were not complete, and 27,3% of children did not fully adhere to ARVT. Despite the fact that 100% of children with an incomplete diagnosis of HIV infection were covered by ARVT due to the use of chemotherapy drugs by their mothers during pregnancy, they still had markers of both active and latent forms of herpesvirus infections and pneumocystis. In children with confirmed HIV infection living both in social institutions and in families, the markers of opportunistic infections were more often diagnosed in patients receiving ARVT in full and not in full volume than in children who did not have it. Conclusion. Identification of markers of active forms of herpesvirus infections and pneumocystis in HIV-positive children not receiving ARV is the basis for its immediate appointment.
BIOMEDICAL POTENTIAL OF ALGO-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSES
Authors: Nemtseva N. V. , Gogoleva O. A. , Ignatenko M. E.
Published: September 2019

The analysis of the latest published works on the interactions between microalgae and bacteria is presented. Microalgae as a result of multimillion evolution can interact with each other and with another microorganisms. Interactions between algae and bacteria demonstrate a variety of communication from mutualism to parasitism. They can significantly affect the maintenance of vital activity, determines the direction vector, ensure the integrity of ecosystems. In modern society the attention of researches to algae-bacterial symbiosis increases as a biomass producer and as biologically active compounds. The development of green biotechnology is aimed at creating new directions for the use of algae-bacterial interactions. The analyzes materials testify to the high fundamental and applied potential of symbiosis microalgae with bacteria for biology and medicine.
DETECTION OF HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN OF THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF LIFE
Authors: Burmistrov E. M. , Rybalkina T. N. , Karazhas N. V. , Boshyan R. E. , Veselovsky P. A. , Lysenkova M. Yu. , Meskina E. R. , Stashko T. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To evaluate a possible role of herpes viruses in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases of children in the first six months of life, including acute gastroenteritis and identify the markers of herpesvirus infections which occur most frequently. Materials and methods. Samples of biological materials (blood serum and blood cells, breast milk, urine, feces) were studied in 35 children aged 14 days to 5 months who are being treated in MRRCI Vladimirsky with diagnoses of «acute infectious gastroenteritis of unspecified etiology» (n=24), «urinary tract infection» (n=6), «intrauterine infection» (n=5) and of their mothers. To determine the antibodies of IgM, IgG in serum, an enzyme immunoassay was used, to detect common antigens of viruses in blood cells, urine, breast milk - an indirect reaction of immunofluorescence, to detect early antigens of viruses and their reproduction - a rapid cultural method. Results. Infection with herpesviruses was found in 85% of children and 91% of mothers, with the most often identified markers of active forms of infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. In children with a diagnosis of acute infectious gastroenteritis of unspecified etiology, no pathogens of viral and bacterial intestinal infections were detected in a large number of active forms of herpesviral infections in both children and their mothers (33% and 91%, respectively). As well as mothers and their children, there have been cases of mixed infections caused by associations of herpesviruses, most often with HSV. Conclusion. Detection of active forms of herpesviral infections in the absence of positive results in studies on viral and bacterial intestinal infections make it possible to assume that herpesviruses can participate in the etiology of these diseases and cause infectious complications in this pathology, as well as often act as a co-infection. An important epidemiological importance has a large number of identified latent forms of herpesvirus infections, because when exposed to adverse factors they can go into active forms.
MICROFLORA OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND CONDITION OF ANTI-INFECTION PROTECTION FACTORS IN PERSONS USING DENTAL ORTHOPEDIC CONSTRUCTIONS (DOC)
Authors: Shishkova Yu. S. , Babikova M. S. , Emelina A. S. , Filimonova O. I. , Tezikov D. A. , Dolgushin I. I.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the qualitative composition, the quantitative content of microorganisms, to assess the viability and functional status of neutrophils in the oral fluid of patients using removable and non-removable DOC. Materials and methods. The present study used a free oral fluid of 100 patients aged 21 to 79 years. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora was determined using the PCR method by means of the Femoflor-16 system (NPO DNA-technology, Russia). Determination of the total number of leukocytes was carried out in Goryaev's chamber, analysis of their viability was carried out with Trypan blue staining. Acridine orange was used to study the indices of lysosomal activity of neutrophils. Oxygendependent metabolism was studied using the Nitro Blue-Tetrazolium (NBT) test, and the phagocytic function was determined by the absorption of latex particles. Results. In persons using dentures, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora of the oral cavity changes. The method of hygienic care of the DOC significantly does not affect the composition of the microflora of the oral fluid of patients. In persons using DOC, a decrease in the total number of leukocytes and their viable forms in the free oral fluid was established. However we registered the stability of functioning of viable neutrophils in patients with removable DOC and a significant decrease in the phagocytic ability and microbicidal oxygen-dependent potential of neutrophils when using non-removable DOC. Conclusion. Foreign body in the form of a removable or non-removable DOC changes the functioning of the factors of congenital anti-infective protection of the oral mucosa, which can lead to the development of infectious complications during dental prosthetics.
HIV PREVALENCE AMONG VULNERABLE GROUPS IN RUSSIA - RESULTS OF AN INTEGRATED BIO-BEHAVIORAL SURVEY
Authors: Plavinskiy S. L. , Ladnaya N. N. , Zaytseva E. E. , Barinova A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Of the study is to assess HIV prevalence in the vulnerable groups namely injecting drug users (IDU), sex workers (SW), and men who have sex with men (MSM) in some of the largest Russian regiоnal capitals mostly affected by HIV infection. Materials and methods. The study involved 3744 persons from vulnerable groups enrolled by respondent-driven sampling (RDS) or time-location sampling (TLS). The study was undertaken in seven regions of the Russian Federation: Moscow, St.-Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk and Perm. All participants were interviewed using specially designed questionnaire and then tested for HIV. The retrospective cohort method was applied to evaluate the number of new HIV cases among respondents. Results. HIV prevalence in IDUs ranged from 48.10% [95% confidence interval (CI)=42.20.54.10%] in Krasnoyarsk and 75.20% [95%CI=69.90.80.60%] in Kemerovo. HIV prevalence among sex workers varied from 2.32% [95%CI=0.49.4.17%] in St. Petersburg to 15.01% [95%CI=11.46.18.56%] in Perm. HIV prevalence among MSM ranged from 7.10% [95%CI=4.10.10.10%] in Moscow to 22.80% [95%CI=17.90.27.70%] in St.-Petersburg. Conclusion. The number of new HIV infections estimated by the retrospective cohort method indicated rapid spread of HIV infection among IDUs in all cities except St.-Petersburg, relatively high HIV growth rates among MSM ranging from 1.6% per year [95%CI=0.1... 3.1%] to 4.6% per year [95%CI=0.0... 11%] and 12.3% annual HIV growth rate [95%CI=0.0... 28.3%] among sex workers. Generally, the situation in the studied groups remained adverse and called for more intensive prevention activities in vulnerable populations.
INVESTIGATION OF PREBIOTIC, IMMUNOSTIMULATING PROPERTIES OF FUCOSE AND ITS EFFECT ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION
Authors: Anokhina E. P. , Isuva M. M. , Startseva S. V. , Motina E. A. , Mihailova N. A. , Korneeva O. S.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Investigation of the effect of fucose in the diet on the gastrointestinal microflora of experimental animals with experimental dysbiosis, the humoral factors of nonspecific immunity, as well as the degree of fucosylation of oocytes and the proportion of oocytes that can be fertilized. Materials and methods. Prebiotic properties of fucose were studied by analyzing the luminal microflora of experimental mice against the background of experimental dysbiosis. Investigation of factors of nonspecific immunity was carried out after immunization of mice according to the level of antibody formation in blood serum by the method of enzyme immunoassay. The degree of fucosylation of oocytes was assessed by the intensity of their luminescence upon microscopy of oocytes of experimental mice on a fluorescent microscope. Results. The use of fucose in all tested doses led to the restoration of the composition and quantity of the gastrointestinal microflora. For the correction of dysbiosis, the optimal concentration of fucose was 0.02% of the body weight of the experimental animals. Inclusion of fucose in a diet of experimental animals in the amount of 0.008% to the body weight provided the highest level of immune response. The degree of fucosylation of oocytes, the proportion of oocytes capable of fertilization was increased when fucose were introduced in the amount of 0.008% to the body weight of the mice. Conclusion. Bifidogenic and lactogenic activity of fucose is established. The ability of fucose to stimulate an increase in the level of antibodies in in blood serum is shown. The tendency of positive effect of fucose in the diet of mice on the degree of fucosylation of oocytes was revealed.
MLVA-TYPING OF CLINICAL STAMPS OF GENETICALLY CHANGED VIBRIO CHOLERAE BIOTYPE EL TOR INSULATED IN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE IN THE PERIOD OF SEVENTH PANDEMIC CHOLERA
Authors: Savelieva I. V. , Kulichenko A. N. , Saveliev V. N. , Kovalev D. A. , Vasilieva O. V. , Zhirov A. M. , Eremenko E. I. , Podoprigora E. I. , Babenyshev B. V. , Kuznetsova I. V. , Guseva L. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Conduct in a comparative aspect MLVA-typing of genetically altered cholera vibrio biovar El Tor, isolated from patients during the epidemic (1994) and outbreaks (1993, 1998) in Dagestan with isolates in Mariupol (Ukraine) in 1994-2011 in Moscow (2010, 2012), India (1964, 2006, 2007), Bangladesh 1991, 1994, 2001, 2004) and to establish Phylogenetic connections between strains of cholera vibrios isolated in different years in these territories, to ascertain the source of their drift. Materials and methods. MLVA-tyP-ing was carried out in PCR at 5 variable loci of 35 clinical strains of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor. The obtained amPlicon was studied in the system of automatic caPillary electroPhoresis ExPerion («Bio Rad Laboratories», USA). For Phylogenetic analysis, along with MLVA-genotyPes, 35 strains of Vibrio cholerae from the Institute's collection used Published genotyPes of strains isolated in India, Bangladesh, Haiti. Results. The investigated strains of cholera vibrio are referred to 21 MLVA-tyPes, divided into 2 main clades and 1 seParate branch with clonal clusters and subclusters, each of which contains closely related strains of cholera vibrio genovariants having a different degree of Phylogenetic relationshiP - full or Partial identity of allelic Profiles of five variable loci. The sources of drift of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor to Russia and Ukraine from disadvantaged cholera of India, Bangladesh, Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East have been established. Conclusion. The obtained data testify to the PolymorPhism of MLVA-tyPes of genetically altered strains of cholera vibrio of the biologist El Tor, evolved in different years and caused ePidemics or outbreaks of cholera in different territories during different time Periods of the course of the seventh cholera Pandemic, and also suggest the Polyclonal origin of the Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor and the source of their drift to the territory of the Russian Federation and Ukraine.
STUDY OF CXCL12, CCR4, EGFR GENE EXPRESSION IN MIGRATING MYELOMONOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA CELLS BEFORE AND AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Filina A. B. , Svitich O. A. , Ammur Yu. I. , Golenkov A. K. , Klinushkina E. F. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Аim. A study of CXCL12 effect on the migration of mononuclear cells isolated from healthy patients, from patients with myelomonoblastic leukemia before and after chemotherapy and the study of CCR4, EGFR and CXCL12 genes expression after exposure to CXCL12. Materials and methods. The chemotaxis of mononuclear cells (MNCs) of healthy donors and patients with myelomonoblastic leukemia was studied in a Boyden chamber, followed by isolation of RNA, reverse transcription and PCR-RV. Results. A significant increase in myelomonoblasic cell chemotaxis towards CXCL12 after chemotherapy was demonstrated, as well as a decrease in the expression of this chemokine in tumor cells before chemotherapy after exposure to CXCL12. Сonclusion. Presumably, the tumor cells themselves produce CXCL12 in large amounts, which is necessary for the disturbance of intercellular interactions and further intravasation, whose production may decrease with external stimulation by the same chemokine. CXCL12 also helps to increase the expression level of EGFR and CCR4, which leads to increased tumor proliferation and migration of tumor cells.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMUNOVAC VP-4 FOR IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN FREQUENTLY AND LONG-TERM ILL CHILDREN
Authors: Foshina E. P. , Serova T. A. , Bisheva I. B. , Slatinova O. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the level of specific antibodies of different isotypes to the antigens of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella рneumoniae in the serum, saliva and nazal secret and the concentration of IgA,sIgA,IgG in saliva from frequently and long-term ill children in nasal-oral administration of Immunovac VP-4. Materials and methods. Specific antibodies to S. aureus and K.pneumoniae, contained in saliva, nasal, and serum were determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay. Concentrations of immunoglobulins of classes G, A and sА in saliva were determined by radial immunodiffusion using a commercial kit produced by the NPC «Medical immunology». Results. The high level of specific antibodies contained in the serum and nasal secretions, the level of antibodies in saliva is negligible. The serum is dominated by IgG-isotype antibodies, saliva and nasal secret — antibodies of IgA-isotope. After the introduction of Immunovac VP-4 there was a statistically significant increase in the level of specific antibacterial antibodies in serum, saliva and nasal secret, and increasing levels of IgG and sIgA in saliva. Conclusion. Obtained data demonstratet that the nasal-oral scheme of administration of Immunovac VP-4 frequently and long-term ill children allowed to increase the level of specific antibodies in serum, saliva and nasal secret to bacterial antigens that are part of the vaccine and to normalize the local synthesis of IgG and sIgA, which play a major role in the protection of the respiratory tract and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION WITH FLUORESCENT DETECTION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PARVOVIRUS ENTERITIS IN CARNIVORES
Authors: Petrusha O. A. , Chernichenko T. L. , Kofiadi I. A. , Zverev V. V. , Faizuloev E. B.
Published: September 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA with real-time fluorescent detection (real-time LAMP, or RT-LAMP) on the model of carnivore parvoviruses. Materials and methods. Samples of feces, blood and swabs from the rectum of different species of predatory animals with parvovirus enteritis (n = 39) and healthy animals (n = 31), as well as laboratory strains of mink enteritis virus, were analyzed by RT-LAMP using SYTO-9 and SYTO-82 dyes. Real-time PCR was used as a reference method. Results. In our study, the LAMP method with real-time fluorescence detection (RT-LAMP) in the carnivore parvovirus enteritis model provides high analytical sensitivity (1.5×103 copies of DNA/ml), diagnostic sensitivity and specificity (up to 100% under optimal conditions). Comparison of the two intercalating dyes showed that the SYTO-82 dye provides a higher signal-to-background ratio (22.6 ± 2.1) than the SYTO-9 dye (6.3 ± 1.5) (p 0.0000001 ). At the same time, SYTO-9 dye at the sensitivity limit (10 copies of DNA) provides an increase in fluorescence in the reaction mixture 13 minutes earlier than for SYTO-82 (23 and 36 minutes, respectively). Conclusion. RT-LAMP is a promising method for rapid and highly sensitive «point-of-care» diagnosis of infectious diseases, as well as in conditions of livestock farms or in field conditions.
Non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor, isolated in the territory of Russia: molecular-genetic peculiarities and pathogenic properties
Authors: Agafonova E. Yu. , Smirnova N. I. , Alkhova Zh. V. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Livanova L. F. , Lozovsky Yu. V. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Comparative  analysis of the sequenced on our own effort genomes of non-toxigenic strains with different set of pathogenicity genes and assessment of their virulence on the model of intestinal inoculation of newborn rabbits. Materials and methods. Whole-genome DNA sequencing of 26 strains was carried out using semiconductor sequencing technology. Haemolysin and hemagglutinin-protease production was evaluated applying conventional methods. Virulence of the strains for newborn rabbits was determined  through intraluminal inoculation at the dose of 107 CFU/ml. Results. On the basis of whole genome analysis of ctxA-tcpA+ and ctxA-tcpA-  non-toxigenic strains, differences in composition  and structure stability of mobile elements associated with pathogenicity have been identified. Significant differences in nucleotide sequences of hlyA, hapA, and rtxA genes, encoding  production of additional  pathogenicity  factors, have also been detected. The paper provides the results of assessment of their phylogenetic relations. Experiments on animal models have confirmed the inability of non-toxigenic ctxA-tcpA+ and ctxA-tcpA- strains to cause the development of typical cholera infection. Conclusion. New data on the genome structure of different non-toxigenic strains and their phylogenetic relations have been obtained. Based on the results of inoculation  of animal models with cells of non-toxigenic strains with the studied genome the inference is drawn on their inability to cause the development of typical cholera infection.
Influence of bacteriophages on sensitivity of conditionally pathogenic bacteria to antibacterial prepar ations
Authors: Vakarina A. A. , Kataeva L. V. , Stepanova T. F.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of the influence of bacteriophages on the formation  of resistance of opportunistic bacteria to antibacterial  drugs. Materials and methods. The sensitivity of 108 strains of Staphylococcus aureus to the staphylococcus  bacteriophage,  97 strains of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella to the bacteriophage Klebsiella polyvalent, and also to antibacterial  preparations  before and after interaction  with a specific bacteriophage has been studied. Results. The sensitivity of S. aureus bacteria to the staphylococcus bacteriophage was 66.7%, the lytic activity of the Klebsiella bacteriophage was polyvalent for strains of the Klebsiella genus, 83.5%. A decrease in the number of sensitive and moderately resistant strains of S. aureus to antibacterial  drugs after interaction  with a specific bacteriophage has been reported. The number of bacteria sensitive to antibiotics of the genus Klebsiella increased under the influence of the Klebsiella bacteriophage. Conclusion. The results of the study testify to the multidirectional influence of bacteriophages  on the antibiotic  susceptibility of opportunistic cultures and the need for additional  study of this issue with the help of modern  molecular genetic methods of research.
Comparative study of anti-measles immunity in adult population of Sochi and laboratory primates of Adler primate center
Authors: Korzaya L. I. , Dogadov D. I. , Goncharenko A. M. , Lapin B. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Comparative  study of the level of anti-measles  immunity  in monkeys of the Primate  Center  , colony service staff and in some groups of the population  of the Adler region. Materials and methods. In this study 1077 sera have been investigated : 354-from humans  and 723-from monkeys. Commercial  test systems were used to determine IgG and IgM antibodies to measles virus by IEA (immune enzyme analysis). Results. An extremely low degree of anti-measles immunity among monkeys of different species of the Adler Primate Center (10,2±1,4%) at the expense of the individuals born before 1993 was revealed. In cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) imported from Vietnam and the Republic of Mauritius in 2015-2017 the rate of detection of anti-IgG varied from 2.3% to 57.5%. Anti-IgM was no detected. The rate of anti — measles immunity in the adult population  was generally below normal (86.4±1.8%), but varied in different groups (57.8-100%). A significant difference was found (p≤0.05) not only in the percentage of individuals with the immunity to measles virus among persons aged 18-35 compared with persons aged 36-75 years (73.6±3.5% and 96.9±1.2%, respectively), but also in the average antibody titers (1.34±0.26 IU/ml and 2.92±0.24 IU/ml, respectively). The lowest percentage of seropositive individuals (57.8±6.2%) and antibody levels (0.97±0.21 IU/ml) were observed in a group of students  (18-25 years old). Conclusion. The presence  of individuals (26.4%) seronegative to the measles virus among young people aged 18-35 years supports the necessity of vaccination against measles. The emergence of a source of infection among nonimmune monkeys (89.8%) born after 1992 may lead to an outbreak of measles.
New forms of home dust mite allergoid
Authors: Berzhets V. M. , Babakhin A. A. , Petrova N. S. , Vasileva A. V. , Khlgatyan S. V. , Emelyanova O. Yu.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The purpose of this study is to create the technology of preparation of the polymeric allergoid received by chemical modification of Dermatophagoides farinae extract by a formaldehyde and a monomeric allergoid of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus received by succinilation and studying of their physical, chemical and immunologic properties.Materials and methods. In the modification species determined the protein content, isoelectric points of protein components by a method of isoelectrofocusing (IEF), esterase activity. Antigenic properties of allergoid studied by methods of an immunodiffusion and an immunoelectrophoresis. Applied microdot immunoenzyme assay to characterize the specific activity of a resulting allergoid. Received by a succinilation allergoid was also studied on physical and chemical indicators.Results. It is established That the formalinization is resulted by the expressed depression of allergenic activity of an allergoid. It is also shown that succinilation leads to essential depression of allergenicity of a monomeric allergoid due to blockade of B-cellular epitopes and to conservation of an adjuvanticity helps to T-cellular epitopes.Conclusion. Thanks to the proved depression of allergenicity and rising of an adjuvanticity monomeric and polymeric allergoid can be recommended for carrying out allergenspecific immunotherapy (ASIT).