bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso da kinesio taping na dor lombar: revisão sistemática
Authors: Batista Cristiano Vargas , Ruaro João Afonso , Ruaro Marinêz Boeing , Dubiela Angela , Kerppers Ivo Ilvan , Suckow Patricia Pacheco Tyski , Knaut Sibele De Andrade Melo , Fréz Andersom Ricardo
Published: June 2014

Introdução: Diversas modalidades de terapêuticas são propostas como tratamento das dores lombares, entre elas a kinesio taping. Objetivos: Verificar o uso da kinesio taping para tratamento da dor lombar. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, consultando as bases de dados: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro e ACP Journal Club. Utilizaram-se os descritores: kinesiotaping, kinesio taping, kinesio tape ou kinesiotape. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos que versavam sobre o uso da kinesio taping no tratamento da dor lombar. Para avaliação da qualidade metodológica foram utilizadas a escala de qualidade de Jadad e a PEDro. Resultados: Três artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Pela escala PEDro, dois trabalhos foram considerados de alta qualidade, e um destes também o foi pela escala de Jadad. Conclusões: Apesar da boa qualidade de dois estudos, os resultados não evidenciaram a efetividade da kinesio taping na dor lombar.
Aspectos psicológicos em idosas praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico
Authors: Balbé Giovane Pereira , De Medeiros Paulo Adão , Montoro Ana Paula Pietro Nobre , Benedetti Tânia Rosane Bertoldo , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon
Published: June 2014

Introdução: O exercício físico proporciona benefícios ao corpo e vem sendo cada vez mais associado ao bem-estar psicossocial e a resiliência em idosos. Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos psicológicos (felicidade, humor, autoestima e resiliência) entre idosas praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico. Método: Participaram do estudo 164 idosas, destas, 85 formaram o grupo de praticantes de exercício físico (GP), e 79, o de não praticantes (GNP). Utilizaram-se escala de estresse percebido, escala de autoestima de Rosenberg e escala de resiliência. Resultados: As idosas praticantes relataram sentirem-se mais felizes (77,6%) e bem-humoradas (70,6%). Quanto à autoestima e à resiliência, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos. As participantes mais felizes, bem-humoradas e com maior autoestima apresentaram níveis superiores de resiliência. Conclusão: A prática de exercício físico favoreceu ganhos psicológicos ligados à felicidade e ao humor, e a autoestima correlacionou-se positivamente com o nível de resiliência em ambos os grupos.
Comparação da qualidade de vida em mulheres praticantes de Pilates e musculação
Authors: Lara Simone , Wendt Patricia , Da Silva Marilia Luz
Published: June 2014

Objetivo: Comparar o nível de qualidade de vida e a percepção de saúde física e mental de mulheres na meia-idade, praticantes de musculação e do método Pilates, a fim de verificar qual treino associa-se com melhores níveis de qualidade de vida nessa amostra. Métodos: Foram incluídas 50 mulheres na meia-idade divididas em dois grupos com 25 integrantes, sendo um grupo de praticantes do método Pilates (50,53±4,3 anos), e o outro, de musculação (50,4±5,2 anos). Foram aplicados o questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36 e o questionário da saúde da mulher na meia-idade. Resultados: As participantes que treinaram musculação apresentaram um maior nível de qualidade de vida, especialmente relacionado à dor (P=0,01) e à saúde mental (P=0,01), e menos sintomas vasomotores/fogachos (P=0,04), quando comparadas às praticantes de Pilates. Conclusão: A prática da musculação associou-se a uma maior qualidade de vida em mulheres na meia-idade, quando comparada a do método Pilates.
Verificação do efeito hipoglicemiante da planta medicinal Bauhinia forficata em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Pozzobon Adriane , Hoerlle Jairo , Carreno Ioná , Strohschoen Andréia Guimarães , Dal Bosco Simone Morelo , Rempel Claudete
Published: June 2014

Introdução: A planta medicinal Bauhinia forficata tem sido relatada como possível hipoglicemiante. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito hipoglicemiante da B. forficata em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: Na primeira coleta (coleta 1), 49 indivíduos foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica e glicêmica, pelo teste da glicemia capilar (HGT) e hemoglobina glicada (A1C). Para a verificação do efeito da B. forficata, os pacientes receberam o chá após a segunda coleta de dados (coleta 2). Os participantes foram reavaliados 45 dias (coleta 3) e 5 meses (coleta 4) após o consumo do chá. A média de idade da população analisada foi 65,51 ± 8,38 anos, e a média do IMC, de 30,14 ± 4,83 kg/m2. Resultado: Não houve diferença significativa nos valores da glicemia de jejum e na A1C antes e após o uso do chá. Conclusão: Não houve efeito hipoglicemiante com o uso de B. forficata na população em questão.
Efeito de exercícios psicomotores no equilíbrio de idosos
Authors: Rubira Ana Paula Fernandes De Angelis , Silva Maria Gonçalves da , Carvalho Thiago Gois de , Sene Marcos , Harakawa Lucila Suemi Kato , Rubira Lucas De Angelis , Consolim-Colombo Fernanda Marciano , Rubira Marcelo Custódio
Published: June 2014

Introdução: Quedas são consequências mais perigosas do desequilíbrio e dificuldade de locomoção em idosos. A psicomotricidade para idosos melhora as atividades de vida diária. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da intervenção psicomotora no equilíbrio de idosos. Trata-se de ensaio clínico simples cego, com 15 idosos, ambos os gêneros, com independência física e social. Método: O equilíbrio foi avaliado pela baropodometria, estabilometria e pela escala de Berg antes e após intervenção psicomotora com exercícios de coordenação motora global e de organização espaço temporal. Resultados: A área de superfície e a velocidade do passo na marcha antes e após intervenção foram estatisticamente significantes no teste “t” pareado (p< 0,001 e p< 0,03, respectivamente). Na análise estabilométrica com olhos fechados, houve diferença estatisticamente significante nos parâmetros de velocidade média oscilatória (p
Análise histológica dos efeitos imediato da microeletrólise percutânea (MEP®) no tecido muscular sadio de ratos Wistar
Authors: Delgado Alexandre Magno , Ronzio Oscar Ariel , Valentim da Silva Rodrigo Marcel , Soares Ingrid Jullyane Pinto , Damasceno Rodrigo Felipe da Silva , Meyer Patrícia Froes
Published: June 2014

Introdução: A Microeletrólise Percutânea (MEP®) consiste na aplicação da corrente galvânica de baixa intensidade com uma agulha de acupuntura. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da MEP® no tecido muscular. Método: Trata-se de um estudo experimental, com 25 ratos Wistar, divididos nos grupos: G1 (grupo controle), G2 (MEP® desligada, sacrifício imediato), G3 (MEP® desligada, sacrifício 24 horas), G4 (MEP® ligada, sacrifício imediato), G5 (MEP® ligada, sacrifício 24 horas). Realizaram-se três aplicações de um minuto, com agulha 0,22x13 mm e 300 uA, no gastrocnêmico. Resultados: O G2 mostrou congestão vascular e hemorragia, decorrente do efeito secundário da agulha. No G3, ocorreu uma pequena inflamação no local em que a agulha foi inserida. No G4, observou-se uma inflamação controlada com presença de neutrófilos, linfócitos, mastócitos e macrófagos. E no G5, ocorreu necrose de liquefação nas células musculares, com presença de macrófagos. Conclusão: A MEP® estimula a inflamação e provoca necroses por meio de liquefação.
Associação entre variáveis antropométricas e o tratamento para o câncer de mama
Authors: Figueiredo Ana Cláudia Dias Sousa , Saço Lívia Fabiana , Damasceno Vinicius Oliveira , Ferreira Roberta Nogueira Furtado , Ferreira Eliana Lúcia
Published: June 2014

Introdução: O tratamento do câncer de mama pode provocar variação da massa corporal e das variáveis antropométricas, que podem estar associadas a pior prognóstico. Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre variáveis antropométricas e tratamento adjuvante para câncer de mama. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal com 65 pacientes diagnosticadas com câncer de mama, em que a avaliação antropométrica no período pós-tratamento foi comparada com medidas do pré-tratamento contidas nos prontuários. Resultados. Constatou-se prevalência de pré-obesas (43,0%) e obesas (37,0%) nas participantes. Não foi observada variação significativa no IMC pré- e pós-tratamento (p=0,328). Na variação individual do peso no pré-/pós-tratamento, 64,62% ganharam peso e, destes, ocorreu variação superior a 10% do peso inicial em 26,15%, e em 16,92% houve um decréscimo acima de 10% do peso inicial. Conclusões. O tratamento não interferiu nas variáveis antropométricas do grupo, mantiveram-se pré-obesas e obesas durante a terapia, situação associada a pior prognóstico e risco para doenças cardiovasculares.
Monitoring Fluoride how Closely do Utilities Match Target Versus Actual Levels?
Authors: Brown Richard , McTigue Nancy , Graf Katherine
Published: June 2014

Traditionally justified on the economics of a 40‐65 percent reduction of tooth decay, water fluoridation treatment has been practiced for more than 50 years. A recent study of historical fluoride data from 40 water systems examined how closely finished water fluoride levels have met targeted goals over time.
Sizing Determines Control Valve Performance
Authors: Malo Jody
Published: June 2014

When purchasing a valve, the more information you can collect from the field, the better your choice will be. The ultimate goal is to purchase the best valve for the job at the most economical price.
Three Steps to Running an Automated Backflow Program
Authors: Eisenhauer Daniel
Published: June 2014

Because of a lack of continuity among states, municipalities, and water authorities, enacting regulations to enforce a truly comprehensive cross‐connection control program can be challenging. However, new technology can help.
How Do We Optimize Chloramine Production and Control?
Authors: Lauer William C.
Published: June 2014

If your distribution system uses chloramines as a secondary disinfectant and you want to improve operation, you aren't alone. During the past decade, many water utilities have switched to chloramination to satisfy US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) secondary disinfection requirements, primarily to meet disinfection by‐product regulations, including trihalomethanes.
Low‐Volume Plumbing Fixtures Achieve Water Savings
Authors: Vickers Amy , Bracciano David
Published: June 2014

This column summarizes the latest findings and consumer responses to water‐efficient plumbing fixtures as reported by water utilities and documented by industry and government research. Low‐volume fixtures have helped the United States increase its water‐use efficiency and led to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) WaterSense program.
Des transformations « extrêmes »
Authors: Baril Alexandre , Trevenen Kathryn
Published: June 2014

Parmi les modifications corporelles existantes, les pratiques transcapacitaires, qui se définissent par le besoin, chez des personnes en situation de non-handicap, de transformer leur corps en vue d’acquérir un déficit physique/handicap (cécité, amputation, etc.), demeurent méconnues et controversées. Cet article se penche sur les pratiques des femmes transcapacitaires et les réactions négatives qu’elles suscitent, fondées sur des structures capacitistes, sexistes, hétéronormatives et classistes. À partir d’une approche intersectionnelle, nous soutenons que les catégories de sexe/genre, de sexualité et de classes se fondent sur un capacitisme, car leur construction est liée à certains codes (manière de bouger, de parler, etc.) présupposant des corps non handicapés. Sous cet angle, il est possible de penser que les réalités transcapacitaires suscitent des résistances puisqu’elles mettent au défi les normes capacitistes, mais également parce que ces transformations représentent une transgression des normes de sexe/genre, de sexualité et de classes dominantes. En se positionnant dans une situation de handicap, les femmes transcapacitaires et leurs pratiques « extrêmes » risquent davantage d’être dégenrées, désexualisées et marginalisées économiquement et socialement. Ces critiques des systèmes d’oppression sont l’occasion de (re)penser les solidarités entre les études et les mouvements féministes, queers, anticapacitistes et anticlassistes, tout en formulant une réponse respectueuse envers les revendications transcapacitaires.
Le corps en devenir et la machine de guerre : Bérard, Chen, Darrieussecq et Dufour
Authors: Beaulé Sophie
Published: June 2014

Le texte fantastique Truismes (1996) de Marie Darrieussecq, le réalisme magique d’Espèces (2010) de Ying Chen, la science-fiction de Catherine Dufour dans Le goût de l’immortalité (2005) et celle de Sylvie Bérard dans La Saga d’Illyge (2011) présentent des corps féminins correspondant au sujet nomade et au processus de devenir développés par Gilles Deuleuze et Félix Guattari, puis approfondis par Rosi Braidotti. Que ce soit par le devenir-animal ou le devenir-cyborg, le corps féminin remet en question les cristallisations molaires telles que la famille, les machines sociales et les discours relatifs à la femme et au genre.
Le travail de Madeleine Berkhemer, Jemima Stehli et Andrea Fraser
Authors: Lavigne Julie , Maiorano Sabrina
Published: June 2014

Les auteures proposent une analyse comparative de trois oeuvres de trois artistes femmes qui poussent à la limite le projet d’auto-objectivation sexuelle comme oeuvre d’art. Il sera d’abord question d’une photographie de Madeleine Berkhemer, Molly in Blue (2000), où l’artiste se présente harnachée de pièces de bas de nylon dans une pose classique de pin-up. Ensuite, le projet Strip Series (1999-2000) de Jemima Stehli sera à l’étude. Dans ce projet artistique, qui relève à la fois de la photographie et de la performance, l’artiste se déshabille devant différents hommes qui occupent un poste de pouvoir dans le monde de l’art. Enfin, les auteures se pencheront sur Untitled (2003) d’Andrea Fraser, où l’artiste a, en guise d’oeuvre, une relation sexuelle tarifée et filmée avec un collectionneur. Paradoxalement, en endossant de manière extrême le statut d’objet sexuel/objet d’art, ces trois femmes revendiquent aussi une subjectivité sexuelle et créative hautement subversive.
Femmes intersexes
Authors: Charlebois Janik Bastien
Published: June 2014

L’intersexualité est déjà abordée depuis plusieurs années au sein des théories féministes, où elle est généralement présentée comme l’exemple par excellence de la construction des sexes. Cependant, les personnes intersexes y apparaissent peu comme sujets, les analyses militantes et universitaires qu’elles produisent de même que leurs projets politiques demeurant largement ignorés. Serait-ce que les personnes intersexes ne peuvent qu’être objet et non sujet du féminisme? En examinant différentes conceptions du « nous femmes » et en relevant les modes par lesquels les femmes intersexes sont façonnées par l’hétérosexisme, l’auteure envisage une compatibilité d’action politique en s’appuyant sur la lecture qu’offre Young du genre comme structure sérielle.
Mountaineering-Induced Bilateral Plantar Paresthesia
Authors: Henderson Kyle K. , Parker Justine , Heinking Kurt P.
Published: June 2014

Context: Flat feet (pes planus) have been implicated in multiple musculoskeletal complaints, which are often exacerbated by lack of appropriate arch support or intense exercise.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on a patient (K.K.H.) with mountaineering-induced bilateral plantar paresthesia and to assess the association of pes planus with paresthesia in members of the mountaineering expedition party that accompanied the patient.

Methods: A patient history and physical examination of the musculoskeletal system were performed. The hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot, big toe, and distal toes were evaluated for neurologic function, specifically pin, vibration, 10-g weight sensitivity, and 2-point discrimination during the 4-month treatment period. To determine if OMT could augment recovery, the patient volunteered to use the contralateral leg as a control, with no OMT performed on the sacrum or lower back. To determine if pes planus was associated with mountaineering-induced paresthesia, a sit-to-stand navicular drop test was performed on members of the expedition party.

Results: Osteopathic manipulative treatment improved fibular head motion and muscular flexibility and released fascial restrictions of the soleus, hamstring, popliteus, and gastrocnemius. The patient's perception of stiffness, pain, and overall well-being improved with OMT. However, OMT did not shorten the duration of paresthesia. Of the 9 expedition members, 2 experienced paresthesia. Average navicular drop on standing was 5.1 mm for participants with no paresthesia vs 8.9 mm for participants with paresthesia (t test, P<.01; Mann-Whitney rank sum test, P=.06).

Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that weakened arches may contribute to mountaineering-induced plantar paresthesia. Early diagnosis of pes planus and treatment with orthotics (which may prevent neuropathies)—or, less ideally, OMT after extreme exercise—should be sought to relieve tension and discomfort.
Primary Care Evaluation and Treatment of Men With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Hale Nathan , Choi Kellen , Lohri Joshua
Published: June 2014

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affect 50% to 90% of men aged 50 years or older. Primary care physicians should be knowledgeable about the diagnosis and management of this condition. The authors performed detailed PubMed searches using the terms lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia, benign prostatic enlargement, and overactive bladder. The authors then reviewed the relevant literature on the evaluation and treatment of men with LUTS. According to the literature, accurate recognition of LUTS is predicated on a focused history and physical examination, as well as serum prostate-specific antigen measurement and urinalysis. For patients with mild symptoms, watchful waiting with ongoing monitoring and lifestyle modifications may be appropriate. For patients with moderate to severe symptoms, pharmacologic therapy is effective. When substantial LUTS persist despite appropriate pharmacologic therapy, specialty urologic evaluation and treatment is warranted.
Clicktivism: A Systematic Heuristic
Authors: Halupka Max
Published: June 2014

This article argues that clicktivism is a legitimate political act. It emphasizes that such acts, through a recurrent negative discourse, have been marginalized. As a result, new modes of participation that draw upon the simplification of social connectivity have largely been ignored in the mainstream Political Science literature. In addressing this issue, the article develops a heuristic that identifies seven dimensions (or characteristics) of clicktivism. This new heuristic will allow for the analysis of clicktivism as a form of civic engagement separate from digital activism more broadly. Subsequently, the article applies the heuristic to several popular forms of clicktivism, including social buttons and the creation of memes, demonstrating both its utility and flexibility.
Islamophobia and Twitter: A Typology of Online Hate Against Muslims on Social Media
Authors: Awan Imran
Published: June 2014

The Woolwich attack in May 2013 has led to a spate of hate crimes committed against Muslim communities in the United Kindom. These incidents include Muslim women being targeted for wearing the headscarf and mosques being vandalized. While street level Islamophobia remains an important area of investigation, an equally disturbing picture is emerging with the rise in online anti‐Muslim abuse. This article argues that online Islamophobia must be given the same level of attention as street level Islamophobia. It examines 500 tweets from 100 different Twitter users to examine how Muslims are being viewed and targeted by perpetrators of online abuse via the Twitter search engine, and offers a typology of offender characteristics.
Rescuing degrading aquifers in the Central Coastal Plain of North Carolina (USA): Just process, effective groundwater management policy, and sustainable aquifers
Authors: Manda Alex K. , Klein Wendy A.
Published: June 2014

Strategic management of degrading coastal aquifers in eastern North Carolina (USA) became imperative after a severe imbalance occurred between withdrawal and recharge rates. To ameliorate this growing problem, an aggressive water policy was developed through public input by creating the Central Coastal Plain Capacity Use Area (CCPCUA) to maintain beneficial use of groundwater resources. Insights from social psychology, and socio‐legal studies are used to evaluate how procedural justice and public participation played major roles to resolving groundwater resource management problems. A mixed methods approach uses archival data and interviews with various rule‐making participants to assess the process of stakeholder involvement that led to creation of the policy. In addition, data analysis techniques are utilized to evaluate the effects of the policy on aquifer health (through water levels) over a ∼10 year period. Results suggest that not only did a stakeholder group participate in a process that was deemed fair, understandable, and relatively easy to administer for users and regulators, but public participation resulted in an effective plan that ensures the long‐term sustainable use of groundwater. Declining groundwater withdrawals and recovering water levels suggest that the rule is achieving its intended goal of protecting the aquifers from depletion and degradation. This paper touches on global themes that are essential to water demand and consumption, water management techniques, and water resources protection.
The Cobb hot spot: HIMU‐DMM mixing and melting controlled by a progressively thinning lithospheric lid
Authors: Chadwick John , Keller Randall , Kamenov George , Yogodzinski Gene , Lupton John
Published: June 2014

The Cobb Seamount Chain in the northeast Pacific basin records the composition of the Cobb hot spot for the past 33 Myr, as the migrating Juan de Fuca Ridge approached and ultimately overran it ca. 0.5 Myr ago. In this first comprehensive geochemical study of the Cobb chain, major and trace element compositions and Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf isotopic ratios were measured for whole‐rock samples from throughout the chain, and He isotopes were acquired for olivine phenocrysts from one seamount. Trace element modeling indicates increased melting along the chain over time, with progressively more depleted lavas as the ridge approached the hot spot. The isotopic data reveal the first evidence of the high µ (µ = 238U/204Pb) (HIMU) mantle component in the north Pacific basin and are consistent with a progressively decreasing mixing proportion of HIMU melts relative to those from depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalt mantle (DMM) in the chain over time. Decreasing lithospheric thickness over the Cobb hot spot due to the approach of the migrating Juan de Fuca ridge allowed adiabatic melting to continue to shallower depths, leading to increased melt fractions of the refractory DMM component in the hot spot and more depleted and MORB‐like lavas in the younger Cobb seamounts.
Molecular constraints on particle growth during new particle formation
Authors: Bzdek Bryan R. , Lawler Michael J. , Horan Andrew J. , Pennington M. Ross , DePalma Joseph W. , Zhao Jun , Smith James N. , Johnston Murray V.
Published: June 2014

Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) produces large numbers of nanoparticles which can ultimately impact climate. A firm understanding of the identity and contribution of the inorganic and carbonaceous species to nanoparticle growth is required to assess the climatic importance of NPF. Here, we combine elemental and molecular nanoparticle composition measurements to better define the composition and contribution of carbonaceous matter to nanoparticle growth in a rural/coastal environment. We show that carbonaceous matter can account for more than half of the mass growth of nanoparticles and its composition is consistent with that expected for extremely low volatility organic compounds. An important novel finding is that the carbonaceous matter must contain a substantial amount of nitrogen, whose molecular identity is not fully understood. The results advance our quantitative understanding of the composition and contribution of carbonaceous matter to nanoparticle growth, which is essential to more accurately predict the climatic impacts of NPF.
Control of Quaternary sea‐level changes on gas seeps
Authors: Riboulot Vincent , Thomas Yannick , Berné Serge , Jouet Gwénaël , Cattaneo Antonio
Published: June 2014

Gas seeping to the seafloor through structures such as pockmarks may contribute significantly to the enrichment of atmospheric greenhouse gases and global warming. Gas seeps in the Gulf of Lions, Western Mediterranean, are cyclical, and pockmark “life” is governed both by sediment accumulation on the continental margin and Quaternary climate changes. Three‐dimensional seismic data, correlated to multi‐proxy analysis of a deep borehole, have shown that these pockmarks are associated with oblique chimneys. The prograding chimney geometry demonstrates the syn‐sedimentary and long‐lasting functioning of the gas seeps. Gas chimneys have reworked chronologically constrained stratigraphic units and have functioned episodically, with maximum activity around sea level lowstands. Therefore, we argue that one of the main driving mechanisms responsible for their formation is the variation in hydrostatic pressure driven by relative sea level changes.
Rapid subsurface warming and circulation changes of Antarctic coastal waters by poleward shifting winds
Authors: Spence Paul , Griffies Stephen M. , England Matthew H. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Saenko Oleg A. , Jourdain Nicolas C.
Published: June 2014

The southern hemisphere westerly winds have been strengthening and shifting poleward since the 1950s. This wind trend is projected to persist under continued anthropogenic forcing, but the impact of the changing winds on Antarctic coastal heat distribution remains poorly understood. Here we show that a poleward wind shift at the latitudes of the Antarctic Peninsula can produce an intense warming of subsurface coastal waters that exceeds 2°C at 200–700 m depth. The model simulated warming results from a rapid advective heat flux induced by weakened near‐shore Ekman pumping and is associated with weakened coastal currents. This analysis shows that anthropogenically induced wind changes can dramatically increase the temperature of ocean water at ice sheet grounding lines and at the base of floating ice shelves around Antarctica, with potentially significant ramifications for global sea level rise.
A global view of gravity waves in the thermosphere simulated by a general circulation model
Authors: Miyoshi Yasunobu , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Jin Hidekatsu , Shinagawa Hiroyuki
Published: June 2014

In order to study the dynamical role of gravity waves (GWs) propagating upward from the lower atmosphere to the thermosphere, numerical simulation using a high‐resolution general circulation model that contains the region from the ground surface to the exobase (about 500 km height) has been performed. Our results indicate that the zonal momentum drag due to breaking/dissipation of GWs (GW drag) plays an important role not only in the mesosphere but also in the thermosphere. In particular, the GW drag at high latitudes in the150–250 km height region exceeds 200 ms−1 (d)−1 and is important for the zonal momentum balance. The semidiurnal variation of the GW drag is dominant in the 100–200 km height region, while the diurnal variation of the GW drag prevails above a height of 200 km. The GW drag in the thermosphere is mainly directed against the background zonal wind, indicating the filtering effect by the background wind. A global view of the GW activity in the middle and upper atmosphere is also investigated. The global distribution of the GW activity in the thermosphere is not uniform, and there are some enhanced regions of the GW activity. The GW activity in the thermosphere is stronger in high latitudes than in low latitudes. The GW activity in the winter thermosphere is influenced by the mesospheric jet and the planetary wave activity in the mesosphere.
Southern Ocean jets and how to find them: Improving and comparing common jet detection methods
Authors: Chapman Christopher C.
Published: June 2014

This study undertakes a detailed comparison of different methods used for detecting and tracking oceanic jets in the Southern Ocean. The methods under consideration are the gradient thresholding method, the probability density function (PDF) method, and the contour method. Some weaknesses of the gradient thresholding method are discussed and an enhancement (the WHOSE method), based on techniques from signal processing, is proposed. The WHOSE method is then compared to the other three methods. Quantitative comparison is undertaken using synthetic sea‐surface height fields. The WHOSE method and the contour method are found to perform well even in the presence of a strong eddy field. In contrast, the standard gradient thresholding and PDF methods only perform well in high signal‐to‐noise ratio situations. The WHOSE, PDF, and the contour methods are then applied to data from the eddy‐resolving Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator. While the three methods are in broad agreement on the location of the main ACC jets, the nature of the jet fields they produce differ. In particular, the WHOSE method reveals a fine‐scale jet field with complex braiding behavior. It is argued that this fine‐scale jet field may affect the calculation of eddy diffusivities. Finally, recommendations based on this study are made. The WHOSE and gradient thresholding methods are more suitable for the study of jets as localized strong currents, useful for studies of tracer fluxes. The contour and PDF methods are recommended for studies linking jets to hydrographic fronts.
Effects of mangroves and tidal flats on suspended‐sediment dynamics: Observational and numerical study of Darwin Harbour, Australia
Authors: Li Li , Wang Xiao Hua , Andutta Fernando , Williams David
Published: June 2014

The suspended‐sediment dynamics in Darwin Harbour, Australia were investigated using field measurements and numerical modeling. The model suspended‐sediment concentration (SSC) agreed well with observation; the root‐mean‐square error was less than 0.02 kg m−3 and the anomaly correlation coefficient greater than 0.6. Model results indicate that the tide is the dominant forcing for suspended‐sediment transport: total sediment transport was seaward in the channel and landward at the East and Middle Arm entrances, dominated by the Eulerian residual current. Further numerical experiments indicate that mangroves and tidal flats play key roles in redistributing suspended sediment and affecting total sediment transport by modulating the tides and the tidal asymmetry. In Darwin Harbour, if these areas were reclaimed, there would be a significant transport of sediment into the inner harbor. However, the water in East Arm would be less turbid, with about 70% lower bottom SSC during spring tides. The landward sediment flux at its entrance would decrease by 99%, because of reduced currents in the Arm due to a weakened tidal choking effect. Tidal pumping would then dominate sediment transport in the channel and at the entrances of East and Middle Arms. Dredging for the East Arm Wharf affected the SSC upstream in East Arm. According to the model, material from dredging disposed of at a location outside the harbor will be transported back into the outer harbor, generating higher SSC values there. Although this study is site‐specific, the findings may be applicable to suspended‐sediment dynamics in other harbors and estuaries with extensive tidal flats and mangroves.
Heightened hurricane surge risk in northwest Florida revealed from climatological‐hydrodynamic modeling and paleorecord reconstruction
Authors: Lin Ning , Lane Philip , Emanuel Kerry A. , Sullivan Richard M. , Donnelly Jeffrey P.
Published: June 2014

Historical tropical cyclone (TC) and storm surge records are often too limited to quantify the risk to local populations. Paleohurricane sediment records uncover long‐term TC activity, but interpreting these records can be difficult and can introduce significant uncertainties. Here we compare and combine climatological‐hydrodynamic modeling (including a method to account for storm size uncertainty), historical observations, and paleohurricane records to investigate local surge risk, using Apalachee Bay in northwest Florida as an example. The modeling reveals relatively high risk, with 100 year, 500 year, and “worst case” surges estimated to be about 6.3 m, 8.3 m, and 11.3 m, respectively, at Bald Point (a paleorecord site) and about 7.4 m, 9.7 m, and 13.3 m, respectively, at St. Marks (the head of the Bay), supporting the inference from paleorecords that Apalachee Bay has frequently suffered severe inundation for thousands of years. Both the synthetic database and paleorecords contain a much higher frequency of extreme events than the historical record; the mean return period of surges greater than 5 m is about 40 years based on synthetic modeling and paleoreconstruction, whereas it is about 400 years based on historical storm analysis. Apalachee Bay surge risk is determined by storms of broad characteristics, varies spatially over the area, and is affected by coastally trapped Kelvin waves, all of which are important features to consider when accessing the risk and interpreting paleohurricane records. In particular, neglecting size uncertainty may induce great underestimation in surge risk, as the size distribution is positively skewed. While the most extreme surges were generated by the uppermost storm intensities, medium intensity storms (categories 1–3) can produce large to extreme surges, due to their larger inner core sizes. For Apalachee Bay, the storms that induced localized barrier breaching and limited sediment transport (overwash regime; surge between 3 and 5 m) are most likely to be category 2 or 3 storms, and the storms that inundated the entire barrier and deposited significantly more coarse materials (inundation regime; surge > 5 m) are most likely to be category 3 or 4 storms.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Gold–Olefin Complexes
Authors: Dash Chandrakanta , Rasika Dias H. V.
Published: June 2014

Gold catalysts have been used at an increasing frequency to facilitate a wide variety of organic transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. Among these, the functionalization of CC multiple bonds (alkenes or alkynes) in the presence of gold catalysts are some of the most important strategies utilized for the construction of CC, CO and CN bonds. A majority of these reactions are believed to proceed
via
gold‐bound alkene (olefin) or alkyne intermediates. This chapter highlights some of the recent developments on the syntheses of gold‐olefin complexes and their spectroscopic data and structural features. In addition, gold mediated inter‐ and intra‐molecular nucleophilic addition reactions of nitrogen, oxygen or carbon nucleophiles to olefins are discussed. Reaction mechanisms of these nucleophilic addition reactions, in which goldolefin adducts have been proposed as intermediates, are also presented.
From an Organometallic Monolayer to an Organic Monolayer Covered by Metal Nanoislands: A Simple Thermal Protocol for the Fabrication of the Top Contact Electrode in Molecular Electronic Devices
Authors: Ballesteros Luz M. , Martín Santiago , Cortés Javier , Marqués‐González Santiago , Pérez‐Murano Francesc , Nichols Richard J. , Low Paul J. , Cea Pilar
Published: June 2014

In this contribution, a novel method for practical uses in the fabrication of the top contact electrode in a metal/organic monolayer/metal device is presented. The procedure involves the thermally induced decomposition of an organometallic compound, abbreviated as the TIDOC method. Monolayers incorporating the metal organic compounds (MOCs) [[4‐{(4‐carboxy)ethynyl}phenyl]ethynyl]‐(triphenylphosphine)‐gold, 1, or [1‐isocyano‐4‐methoxybenzene]‐[4‐amino‐phenylethynyl]‐gold, 2, were annealed at moderate temperatures (1: 150 °C for 2h and 2: 100 °C for 2 h), resulting in cleavage of the Au‐P or Au‐C bond and reduction of Au(I) to Au(0) as metallic gold nanoparticles (GNPs). These particles are distributed on the surface of the film resulting in formation of metal/molecule/GNP sandwich structures. Electrical properties of these nascent devices were determined by recording I–V curves with a conductive‐AFM. The I–V curves collected from these metal/organic monolayer/GNPs sandwich structures are typical of metal‐molecule‐metal junctions, with no low resistance traces characteristic of metallic short circuits observed over a wide range of set‐point forces. The TIDOC method is therefore an effective procedure for the fabrication of molecular junctions for the emerging area of molecular electronics.
A 2‐D observer to estimate the reaction rate in a stopped flow fixed bed reactor for gas phase olefin polymerization
Authors: Browning Barbara , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , Pitault Isabelle , McKenna Timothy F. L.
Published: June 2014

A two‐dimensional high gain observer has been constructed to estimate the reaction rate parameters in a laboratory scale stopped flow fixed bed reactor for gas phase ethylene polymerization. The observer is based on the heat balances of a validated model of the reactor and the measured variable is the outlet temperature of the fixed bed. To create an observable system of equations, the polymerization rate is considered in two parts, an activation energy term and a lumped parameter. The effective radial conductivity in the fixed bed and the heat‐transfer coefficient at the wall are considered separately. The polymerization rate is calculated from the observer results and is in good agreement with the measured data and calculated values. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3511–3523, 2014
Mathematical modeling of the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oil in a monolithic stirrer reactor
Authors: Boldrini Diego E. , Damiani Daniel E. , Tonetto Gabriela M.
Published: June 2014

Experimental and theoretical studies on the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oil in a monolithic stirrer reactor are reported. A complete mathematical model of the reactor was developed, including hydrogenation and isomerization kinetics, catalyst deactivation, external gas–liquid and liquid–solid as well as internal mass transfer. The experimental studies were carried out in a Pd/Al2O3/Al monolithic stirrer reactor, at a wide range of temperatures (353–373 K), pressures (414–552 kPa), and catalyst loadings (0.00084–0.00527 kgPd,exp m−3). Based on this model, simulated data can be used to evaluate the catalyst (Pd/Al2O3/Al) and the hydrogenation process in consecutive catalytic tests under different operating conditions. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3524–3533, 2014
Further observations on associations between the ADA gene and past malaria morbidity in Sardinia
Authors: Gloria‐Bottini Fulvia , Saccucci Patrizia , Meloni Gianfranco , Bottini Egidio
Published: June 2014

Objectives

Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) contributes to the regulation of adenosine concentration and in turn to T cell activation. Genetic variability of ADA activity may have, therefore, an important role in resistance to malaria. Indeed, previous studies in Sardinia have shown a lower frequency of ADA1*2 allele (associated with low ADA activity) in areas, where malaria was heavily endemic compared to areas where malaria was not endemic. We have now studied the ADA2 locus, another polymorphic site with two alleles ADA2 *1 and ADA2 *2 within the ADA gene.

Methods

In the area of Oristano (where malaria was endemic in the past) 51 consecutive newborns and in the area of Nuoro (where malaria was not as endemic) 48 consecutive newborns were examined.

ADA1 and ADA2 genotypes were determined by DNA analysis.

Results

The low frequency of the ADA1*2 allele in the area where malaria was endemic is confirmed. The frequency of the ADA2*2 allele is higher in Oristano than in Nuoro resulting in a higher frequency of the ADA1*1/ADA2*2 haplotype in Oristano as compared to Nuoro. This suggests a selective advantage of this haplotype in a malarial environment.

Conclusions

The ADA gene shows other polymorphic sites further studies on their role in human adaptation to malaria could be rewarding. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:716–718, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cono‐spondylar dysplasia: Clinical, radiographic, and molecular findings of a previously unreported disorder
Authors: Ben‐Omran Tawfeg , Lakhani Shenela , Almureikhi Mariam , Ali Rehab , Takahashi Atsushi , Miyake Noriko , Matsumoto Naomichi , Ikegawa Shiro , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Unger Sheila
Published: June 2014

We report on a consanguineous Arab family in which three sibs had an unusual skeletal dysplasia characterized by anterior defects of the spine leading to severe lumbar kyphosis and marked brachydactyly with cone epiphyses. The clinical phenotype also included dysmorphic facial features, epilepsy, and developmental delay. This constellation likely represents a previously undescribed skeletal dysplasia, most probably inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. A homozygosity mapping approach has thus far failed to unearth the responsible gene as the region shared by these three sibs is 27.7 Mb in size and contains over 200 genes with no obvious candidate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activating PIK3CA somatic mutation in congenital unilateral isolated muscle overgrowth of the upper extremity
Authors: Castiglioni Claudia , Bertini Enrico , Orellana Paulina , Villarroel Cynthia , Las Heras Facundo , Hinzpeter Daniel , Paolinelli Paola , Bevilacqua Jorge A. , Alvarez Karin
Published: June 2014

Congenital unilateral overgrowth of the upper extremity affecting only the muscle tissue is rare. We describe on the clinical, histopathological, and neuroimaging findings in a 6‐year‐old girl with a congenital, non‐progressive muscle enlargement of the entire left upper limb with an ipsilateral hand deformity. No cutaneous stigmata or additional features were detected. Sanger sequencing for the AKT1, PIK3CA, and PTEN genes identified an activating c.3140A>G, p.H1047R mutation in the PIK3CA gene from the affected muscle DNA. We demonstrate that isolated congenital muscular upper limb overgrowth with aberrant hand muscles is another condition related genetically to the PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inversion duplication deletions involving the long arm of chromosome 13: Phenotypic description of additional three fetuses and genotype–phenotype correlation
Authors: Quelin Chloe , Spaggiari Emmanuel , Khung‐Savatovsky Suonavy , Dupont Celine , Pasquier Laurent , Loeuillet Laurence , Jaillard Sylvie , Lucas Josette , Marcorelles Pascale , Journel Hubert , Pluquailec‐Bilavarn Khantaby , Bazin Anne , Verloes Alain , Delezoide Anne‐Lise , Aboura Azzedine , Guimiot Fabien
Published: June 2014

Inversion duplication and terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13 (inv dup del 13q) is a rare chromosomal rearrangement: only five patients have been reported, mostly involving a ring chromosome 13. We report on additional three fetuses with pure inv dup del 13q: Patient 1 had macrosomia, enlarged kidneys, hypersegmented lungs, unilateral moderate ventriculomegaly, and a mild form of hand and feet preaxial polydactyly; Patient 2 had intrauterine growth retardation, widely spaced eyes, left microphthalmia, right anophthalmia, short nose, bilateral absent thumbs, cutaneous syndactyly of toes 4 and 5, bifid third metacarpal, a small left kidney, hyposegmented lungs, and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum; Patient 3 had widely spaced eyes, long and smooth philtrum, low‐set ears, median notch in the upper alveolar ridge, bifid tongue, cutaneous syndactyly of toes 2 and 3, enlarged kidneys and pancreas, arhinencephaly, and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. We compared the phenotypes of these patients to those previously reported for ring chromosome 13, pure 13q deletions and duplications. We narrowed some critical regions previously reported for lung, kidney and fetal growth, and for thumb, cerebral, and eye anomalies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe sex differentiation disorder in a boy with a 3.8 Mb 10q25.3–q26.12 microdeletion encompassing EMX2
Authors: Piard Juliette , Mignot Brigitte , Arbez‐Gindre Francine , Aubert Didier , Morel Yves , Roze Virginie , McElreavey Kenneth , Jonveaux Philippe , Valduga Mylène , Van Maldergem Lionel
Published: June 2014

The molecular basis of male disorders of sex development (DSD) remains unexplained in a large number of cases. EMX2 has been proposed to play a role in the masculinization process for the past two decades, but formal evidence for this causal role is scarce. The aim of this study is to yield additional support to this hypothesis by reporting on a male patient who presented with 46,XY DSD, a single kidney, intellectual disability, and the smallest microdeletion including EMX2 reported to date. EMX2 haploinsufficiency is likely to explain the masculinization defect observed in our patient, similar to what has been described in the mouse. In the case of cytogenetically diagnosed cases, deletions of EMX2 have been associated with a wide range of DSD, ranging from hypospadias to complete sex reversal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MnxOy/NC and CoxOy/NC Nanoparticles Embedded in a Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Matrix for High‐Performance Bifunctional Oxygen Electrodes
Authors: Masa Justus , Xia Wei , Sinev Ilya , Zhao Anqi , Sun Zhenyu , Grützke Stefanie , Weide Philipp , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: June 2014

Reversible interconversion of water into H2 and O2, and the recombination of H2 and O2 to H2O thereby harnessing the energy of the reaction provides a completely green cycle for sustainable energy conversion and storage. The realization of this goal is however hampered by the lack of efficient catalysts for water splitting and oxygen reduction. We report exceptionally active bifunctional catalysts for oxygen electrodes comprising Mn3O4 and Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen‐doped carbon, obtained by selective pyrolysis and subsequent mild calcination of manganese and cobalt N4 macrocyclic complexes. Intimate interaction was observed between the metals and nitrogen suggesting residual M–Nx coordination in the catalysts. The catalysts afford remarkably lower reversible overpotentials in KOH (0.1 M) than those for RuO2, IrO2, Pt, NiO, Mn3O4, and Co3O4, thus placing them among the best non‐precious‐metal catalysts for reversible oxygen electrodes reported to date.
Electrospinning of highly aligned and covalently cross‐linked hydrogel microfibers
Authors: Bassil Maria , AL Moussawel Judy , Ibrahim Michael , Azzi Georges , El Tahchi Mario
Published: June 2014

Smart polyelectrolyte hydrogels are increasingly studied toward the realization of soft microactuators. This study focuses on the fabrication of highly aligned and covalently cross‐linked polyacrylamide hydrogel microfibers by electrospinning technique following two‐stage polymerization. The engineering of the reaction timescale of the precursor, such that the material gels shortly after spinning, is described and the design of the electrospinning setup, to generate highly aligned fibers, is presented. In addition the effect of the operating parameters on the fibers average diameter is investigated. The generated fibers are 15 cm long with average diameter ranging between 100 nm and 1.10 μm. The fibers diameter is controlled by adjusting the thickener type and concentration in the precursor and the electrospinning processing parameters. Thinner fibers are generated at lower thickener molecular weights and concentrations as well at lower flow rate and higher voltage. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41092.