bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural equation models to disentangle the biological relationship between microbiota and complex traits: Methane production in dairy cattle as a case of study
Authors: Saborío‐Montero Alejandro , Gutiérrez‐Rivas Mónica , García‐Rodríguez Aser , Atxaerandio Raquel , Goiri Idoia , López de Maturana Evangelina , Jiménez‐Montero José Antonio , Alenda Rafael , González‐Recio Oscar
Published: October 2019

The advent of metagenomics in animal breeding poses the challenge of statistically modelling the relationship between the microbiome, the host genetics and relevant complex traits. A set of structural equation models (SEMs) of a recursive type within a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework was proposed here to jointly analyse the host–metagenome–phenotype relationship. A non‐recursive bivariate model was set as benchmark to compare the recursive model. The relative abundance of rumen microbes (RA), methane concentration (CH4) and the host genetics was used as a case of study. Data were from 337 Holstein cows from 12 herds in the north and north‐west of Spain. Microbial composition from each cow was obtained from whole metagenome sequencing of ruminal content samples using a MinION device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Methane concentration was measured with Guardian® NG infrared gas monitor from Edinburgh Sensors during cow's visits to the milking automated system. A quarterly average from the methane eructation peaks for each cow was computed and used as phenotype for CH4. Heritability of CH4 was estimated at 0.12 ± 0.01 in both the recursive and bivariate models. Likewise, heritability estimates for the relative abundance of the taxa overlapped between models and ranged between 0.08 and 0.48. Genetic correlations between the microbial composition and CH4 ranged from −0.76 to 0.65 in the non‐recursive bivariate model and from −0.68 to 0.69 in the recursive model. Regardless of the statistical model used, positive genetic correlations with methane were estimated consistently for the seven genera pertaining to the Ciliophora phylum, as well as for those genera belonging to the Euryarchaeota (Methanobrevibacter sp.), Chytridiomycota (Neocallimastix sp.) and Fibrobacteres (Fibrobacter sp.) phyla. These results suggest that rumen's whole metagenome recursively regulates methane emissions in dairy cows and that both CH4 and the microbiota compositions are partially controlled by the host genotype.
Vitreous hemorrhage in diabetes patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Kameda Yusuke , Hanai Ko , Uchigata Yasuko , Babazono Tetsuya , Kitano Shigehiko
Published: October 2019

Aims/Introduction

For diabetes patients undergoing hemodialysis, vitreous hemorrhage seems to be a hemodialysis‐induced hemorrhagic complication because of the effect of systemic anticoagulation. However, it is unclear whether hemodialysis is associated with vitreous hemorrhage in diabetes patients. We therefore carried out this cohort study to clarify the relationship between hemodialysis and vitreous hemorrhage in diabetes patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Materials and Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective, cohort study. We compared the incidence of vitreous hemorrhage in non‐vitrectomized proliferative diabetic retinopathy eyes between the hemodialysis group (145 eyes) and peritoneal dialysis group (36 eyes), which does not require the use of systemic anticoagulation (parallel‐group study), and in hemodialysis patients in the 12‐month period before and after the start of hemodialysis (before–after study). We also determined the risk factors for vitreous hemorrhage after the start of hemodialysis based on the patients’ systemic and ophthalmic characteristics.

Results

There was no significant difference in the first‐year incidence of vitreous hemorrhage between the hemodialysis (23.4%) and peritoneal dialysis groups (22.2%, P = 1.000). The incidence of vitreous hemorrhage in the dialysis period (23.4%) was significantly lower than that in the predialysis period (35.2%, P = 0.008). Only application of panretinal photocoagulation within the 6 months immediately before hemodialysis was significantly associated with the incidence of vitreous hemorrhage after the start of hemodialysis (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Hemodialysis therapy does not seem to be associated with a higher risk of vitreous hemorrhage in diabetes patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
The use of biologics for childhood psoriasis
Authors: Torrelo A.
Published: October 2019

Linked article: C. Phan et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33: 1984–1992. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15579.
Food protozoa safety assessment and risk in school restaurants in Armenia, Colombia
Authors: Muñoz‐Sánchez Gloria Deicy , Hernández‐Arango Natalia , Buitrago‐Lopez Estefanía , Luna Julio César , Zamora Alejandro , Lora‐Suarez Fabiana , Gómez‐Marín Jorge Enrique
Published: October 2019

This work assessed the risk of protozoa in 10 school restaurants in Armenia (Quindío, Colombia) by analyzing the presence of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis, and Cyclospora cayetanensis DNA in the food, water, and living and inert surfaces of school restaurants and in stools of children who ate at these restaurants. Of the 213 food, water, and surface samples, 6.6% were positive using PCR to test DNA for Blastocystis; 3.8% for Cryptosporidium spp; 0.9% for G. duodenalis; and 0% for C. cayetanensis. In 187 stool samples analyzed via microscopy from children who attended the restaurants, 40 (21.4%) were positive for Blastocystis and 21 (11.2%) were positive for Giardia spp. Via PCR, 20 (10.7%) were positive for Cryptosporidium and 0 (0%) for C. cayetanensis. A higher positivity in children's stools for Blastocystis spp was correlated with lower compliance in property conditions and for higher positivity of Giardia spp in children's stool was related to lower knowledge by food manipulators. Inspection scores can identify restaurants with higher risk for protozoa infection.
Social and Health‐Related Factors Associated with Enrollment in Medicare Advantage Plans in Older Adults
Authors: Kumar Amit , Rivera‐Hernandez Maricruz , Karmarkar Amol M. , Chou Lin‐Na , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Baldwin Julie A. , Panagiotou Orestis A. , Burke Robert E. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J.
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES

We assessed the characteristics of older Mexican American enrollees in traditional fee‐for‐service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage (MA) plans and the factors associated with disenrollment from FFS and enrollment in MA plans.

DESIGN

Longitudinal study linked with Medicare claims data.

SETTING

The Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly.

PARTICIPANTS

Community‐dwelling Mexican American older adults (N = 1455).

MEASUREMENTS

We examined insurance status using the Medicare Beneficiary Summary File and estimated the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with insurance plan switching.

RESULTS

Among Mexican American older adults, FFS enrollees were more likely to be born in Mexico, speak Spanish, have lower levels of education, and have more disability than MA enrollees. Older adults with a larger number of limitations of instrumental activities of daily living (odds ratio [OR] = .50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .26‐.98) and more social support (OR = .70; 95% CI = .45‐.98) were less likely to switch from FFS to MA compared with older adults with no limitations and less social support. Additionally, older adults living in counties with a greater number of MA plans were more likely to switch from FFS to MA (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.45‐3.16), compared with counties with a lower number of MA plans. In counties with a higher number of MA plans, older adults with more social support had lower odds of switching from FFS to MA (OR = .48; 95% CI = .28‐.82) compared with older adults with less social support.

CONCLUSION

Compared with those enrolled in MA, older Mexican American adults enrolled in Medicare FFS are more socioeconomically disadvantaged and more likely to demonstrate poor health status. Stronger social support and increased physical limitations were strongly associated with less frequent switching from FFS to MA plans. Additionally, increased availability of MA plans at the county level is a significant driver of enrollment in MA plans. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:313–320, 2020
Establishing links between abnormal eating behaviours and semantic deficits in dementia
Authors: Vignando Miriam , Rumiati Raffaella Ida , Manganotti Paolo , Cattaruzza Tatiana , Aiello Marilena
Published: October 2019

The hypothesis that semantic deficits in dementia may contribute in producing changes in eating preferences has never been experimentally investigated despite this association has been clinically observed. We administered tasks assessing semantic memory and the Appetite and Eating Habits Questionnaire (APEHQ) to 23 patients with dementia (behavioural frontotemporal dementia, primary progressive aphasia, and Alzheimer’s disease) and to 21 healthy controls. We used voxel‐based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging to identify regions and white matter tracts of significant atrophy associated with the performance at the semantic tasks and the pathological scores at the APEHQ. We observed that the lower the patients’ scores at semantic tasks, the higher their changes in eating habits and preferences. Both semantic disorders and eating alterations correlated with atrophy in the temporal lobes and white matter tracts connecting the temporal lobe with frontal regions such as the arcuate fasciculus, the cingulum, and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. These results confirm that semantic deficits underlie specific eating alterations in dementia patients.
Why Don't We Agree? Evidence from a Social Network of Investors
Authors: COOKSON J. ANTHONY , NIESSNER MARINA
Published: October 2019

We study sources of investor disagreement using sentiment of investors from a social media investing platform, combined with information on the users' investment approaches (e.g., technical, fundamental). We examine how much of overall disagreement is driven by different information sets versus differential interpretation of information by studying disagreement within and across investment approaches. Overall disagreement is evenly split between both sources of disagreement, but within‐group disagreement is more tightly related to trading volume than cross‐group disagreement. Although both sources of disagreement are important, our findings suggest that information differences are more important for trading than differences across market approaches.
Nutrient deposition on Arctic fox dens creates atypical tundra plant assemblages at the edge of the Arctic
Authors: Fafard Paul M. , Roth James D. , Markham John H.
Published: October 2019

Questions

In most ecosystems, some organisms can be considered ecosystem engineers because they modify their physical environment in a way that can affect many other organisms. Nutrient deposition may be extremely important as an ecosystem engineering activity in nutrient‐limited environments, but this mechanism remains understudied. In low‐Arctic tundra, a region characterized by continuous permafrost, low‐nutrient soils, and slow nutrient turnover, Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) concentrate nutrients on their dens through faecal deposition and feeding their young. This nutrient concentration enhances productivity in patches on the landscape, likely creating a unique habitat for a variety of plants, and could have cascading effects on the distribution and diversity of vegetation on the tundra.

Location

Low‐Arctic tundra in Wapusk National Park, Manitoba, Canada.

Methods

We quantified differences in vegetation composition between 20 fox dens and adjacent control sites.

Results

Plant growth form differed greatly between dens, which were dominated by deciduous grasses near the coast and erect shrubs farther from the coast, and control sites, which were dominated by evergreen prostrate shrubs. Dens also had more forb cover and less cover of lichens, mosses, and sedges. Species composition also varied greatly between control and den areas, with 17 of the 20 species found in at least 10% of the sampled sites being indicator species for dens or control sites.

Conclusions

By providing habitat for plants reliant on higher nutrient availability not typical of tundra heath, Arctic foxes enhance the biodiversity of the region. These erect plants may also help create new habitat by retaining snow on normally windswept beach ridges. Overall, this study illustrates the broader impacts of predators on diversity and community composition through mechanisms other than predation.
Tattoos, Lifestyle, and the Labor Market
Authors: Dillingh Rik , Kooreman Peter , Potters Jan
Published: October 2019

In this study, we look at the factors determining the decision to get a tattoo and relate this to several outcome measures, such as income, employment status, and health. The analyses are based on unique panel data of a representative sample of Dutch individuals. The tattooed population differs significantly from the non‐tattooed population on a wide range of characteristics. We use fixed effects and instrumental variable analysis to explore the effects of tattoos. Our analyses suggest less favorable outcomes for people with (very visible) tattoos, though especially in the case of the labor market, the relationships are relatively weak.
The Late Ordovician (Sandbian) Glasford structure: A marine‐target impact crater with a possible connection to the Ordovician meteorite event
Authors: Monson Charles C. , Sweet Dustin , Segvic Branimir , Zanoni Giovanni , Balling Kyle , Wittmer Jacalyn M. , Ganis G. Robert , Cheng Guo
Published: October 2019

The Glasford structure in Illinois (USA) was recognized as a buried impact crater in the early 1960s but has never been reassessed in light of recent advances in planetary science. Here, we document shatter cones and previously unknown quartz microdeformation features that support an impact origin for the Glasford structure. We identify the 4 km wide structure as a complex buried impact crater and describe syn‐ and postimpact deposits from its annular trough. We have informally designated these deposits as the Kingston Mines unit (KM). The fossils and sedimentology of theKMindicate a marine depositional setting. The various intervals within theKMconstitute a succession of breccia, carbonate, sandstone, and shale similar to marine sedimentary successions preserved in other craters. Graptolite specimens retrieved from theKMplace the time of deposition at approximately 455 ± 2 Ma (Late Ordovician, Sandbian). This age determination suggests a possible link between the Glasford impact and the Ordovician meteorite shower, an increase in the rate of terrestrial meteorite impacts attributed to the breakup of the L‐chondrite parent body in the main asteroid belt.
Bacteriophage MS2 displays unreported capsid variability assembling T = 4 and mixed capsids
Authors: de Martín Garrido Natàlia , Crone Michael A. , Ramlaul Kailash , Simpson Paul A. , Freemont Paul S. , Aylett Christopher H. S.
Published: October 2019

Bacteriophage MS2 is a positive‐sense, single‐stranded RNA virus encapsulated in an asymmetric T = 3 pseudo‐icosahedral capsid. It infects Escherichia coli through the F‐pilus, in which it binds through a maturation protein incorporated into its capsid. Cryogenic electron microscopy has previously shown that its genome is highly ordered within virions, and that it regulates the assembly process of the capsid. In this study, we have assembled recombinant MS2 capsids with non‐genomic RNA containing the capsid incorporation sequence, and investigated the structures formed, revealing that T = 3, T = 4 and mixed capsids between these two triangulation numbers are generated, and resolving structures of T = 3 and T = 4 capsids to 4 Å and 6 Å respectively. We conclude that the basic MS2 capsid can form a mix of T = 3 and T = 4 structures, supporting a role for the ordered genome in favouring the formation of functional T = 3 virions.
The role of non‐glandular emergences in Croton floribundus (Euphorbiaceae) upon elevated ozone exposures
Authors: Dias Márcia Gonçalves , Moura Bárbara Baêsso , Pedrosa Giselle da Silva , de Souza Silvia Ribeiro , Cardoso‐Gustavson Poliana
Published: October 2019

A role of non‐glandular emergences in avoiding ozone (O3) damages by preventing its entrance into leaf tissues has been suggested in the O3‐tolerant species Croton floribundus (Euphorbiaceae). However, this function against O3 damage has been underestimated due to the covering wax layer, mostly composed of saturated hydrocarbon, which has low O3 reactivity. To evaluate the role of these emergences in conferring tolerance to O3, we mechanically removed the non‐glandular emergences from leaf blades of C. floribundus, submitted the plants to acute O3 fumigation, and assessed morphological and microscopic alterations. Plants with intact leaves treated with O3 showed the same phenotype as control samples but showed microscopic indicators of accelerated senescence. These alterations indicated a whole‐plant response to O3. In contrast, plants whose leaves had got their emergences removed exhibited specific morphological symptoms as well as microscopic O3 damage. We thus conclude that the leaf emergences constitute a barrier for volatile contention, preventing O3 damage to leaf tissues in C. floribundus. When these structures have been removed, defense volatiles are possibly quickly dispersed, makes this species vulnerable to O3. This study highlights the relevance of surface structures for plant resistance to O3 damages, complementing biochemical defenses.
Regulatory changes in TaSNAC8‐6A are associated with drought tolerance in wheat seedlings
Authors: Mao Hude , Li Shumin , Wang Zhongxue , Cheng Xinxiu , Li Fangfang , Mei Fangming , Chen Nan , Kang Zhensheng
Published: October 2019

Wheat is a staple crop produced in arid and semi‐arid areas worldwide, and its production is frequently compromised by water scarcity. Thus, increased drought tolerance is a priority objective for wheat breeding programmes, and among their targets, the NAC transcription factors have been demonstrated to contribute to plant drought response. However, natural sequence variations in these genes have been largely unexplored for their potential roles in drought tolerance. Here, we conducted a candidate gene association analysis of the stress‐responsive NAC gene subfamily in a wheat panel consisting of 700 varieties collected worldwide. We identified a drought responsive gene, TaSNAC8‐6A, that is tightly associated with drought tolerance in wheat seedlings. Further analysis found that a favourable allele TaSNAC8‐6AIn‐313, carrying an insertion in the ABRE promoter motif, is targeted by TaABFs and confers enhanced drought‐inducible expression of TaSNAC8‐6A in drought‐tolerant genotypes. Transgenic wheat and Arabidopsis TaSNAC8‐6A overexpression lines exhibited enhanced drought tolerance through induction of auxin‐ and drought‐response pathways, confirmed by transcriptomic analysis, that stimulated lateral root development, subsequently improving water‐use efficiency. Taken together, our findings reveal that natural variation in TaSNAC8‐6A and specifically the TaSNAC8‐6AIn‐313 allele strongly contribute to wheat drought tolerance and thus represent a valuable genetic resource for improvement of drought‐tolerant germplasm for wheat production.
Vulvar lymphangiectasia secondary to gastrointestinal tuberculosis infection in a teenager
Authors: Ho Valerie Pui Yoong , Koh Mark Jean Aan
Published: October 2019

We report a rare presentation of vulvar lymphangiectasia that developed secondary to gastrointestinal tuberculosis in a teenager, and its spontaneous resolution after anti‐tuberculous treatment was completed.
Impact of active antibody‐mediated rejection treatment on donor‐specific antibodies in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kincaide Elisabeth , Hitchman Kelley , Hall Reed , Yamaguchi Ikuyo , Ding Yanli , Crowther Barrett
Published: October 2019

AMR is a major cause of graft loss after kidney transplantation. We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 13 pediatric kidney transplant patients diagnosed with active AMR. All 13 patients were treated with plasmapheresis (PP), IVIg, and rituximab. Anti‐HLA DSAs were measured at the time of transplantation, AMR diagnosis, 30 days post‐rejection treatment, 90 days post‐rejection treatment, and 24 ± 12 months post‐AMR. A total of 68 DSAs were identified from 13 patients at the time of active AMR diagnosis. The primary objective of this study was to differentiate treatment response rates between class I and class II anti‐HLA DSA post‐AMR treatment. Overall, DSAs were significantly reduced at 30 days, and the reduction was sustained at 90 days post‐treatment, even for class II anti‐HLA and strongly positive DSAs. A significant difference between class I and class II anti‐HLA DSA was observed at 30 days; however, between class significance was lost at 90‐day follow‐up due to continued class II anti‐HLA DSA treatment response. Low DSA strength was predictive of treatment response. eGFR demonstrated significant improvement 90 days after AMR diagnosis compared to the initial value at the time of AMR, and the effect was sustained for 12 months. These results suggest that the AMR treatment is effective in pediatric kidney transplant recipients with an early diagnosis of active AMR across both class I and class II anti‐HLA DSAs.
Antibody response to vaccination after haematopoietic cell transplantation in children using a reduced dose schedule—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jensen Lotte , Poulsen Anja , Nygaard Ulrikka , Scheike Thomas , Riis Margit Schilling , Pedersen Freddy Karup , Heilmann Carsten
Published: October 2019

Children receiving HCT loose protective immunity to vaccines received pre‐HCT. Therefore, revaccination post‐HCT is of major importance. In Denmark, a vaccination schedule with fewer doses post‐HCT has been used, including two doses for diphtheria, tetanus, polio, measles, mumps, and rubella, and one dose only for Haemophilus influenzae type B. The background for this was the presumption that post‐HCT immunization constituted booster vaccination of donor immunity. Our objective was to evaluate the proportion of children protected after the scheduled vaccination programme. A nationwide retrospective cohort study of all children who have received an HCT in Denmark during 1994‐2012. Antibody levels were analysed in blood samples drawn before and after vaccination, and the probability of achieving protection after the scheduled immunization programme was estimated. A total of 198 children were included. The protection post‐immunization was as follows: diphtheria 75.3%, tetanus 89.1%, polio 97.7%, and Haemophilus influenzae type B 94.8%. For diphtheria and tetanus, the probability of achieving protection increased to 93.8% and 97.3%, respectively, after a third dose. For measles, mumps, and rubella, the probability of achieving protection was 89.4%, 80.9%, and 94.2%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings support a more extensive vaccination schedule including three doses for diphtheria and tetanus which are in line with current international guidelines.
Comparative evaluation of DNA integrity using sperm chromatin structure assay and Sperm‐Ovis‐Halomax during in vitro capacitation of cryopreserved ram spermatozoa
Authors: Peris‐Frau Patricia , Álvarez‐Rodríguez Manuel , Martín‐Maestro Alicia , Iniesta‐Cuerda María , Sánchez‐Ajofrín Irene , Garde José Julián , Rodriguez‐Martinez Heriberto , Soler Ana Josefa
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to compare the ability of sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA®) and Sperm‐Ovis‐Halomax® to detect DNA fragmentation in frozen‐thawed ram spermatozoa incubated under capacitating conditions in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) supplemented with oestrous sheep serum (SOF‐ESS) at multiple time points (0–240 min). Incubation in SOF‐ESS had no significant effects on SCSA® parameters while the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA measured by Sperm‐Ovis‐Halomax® increased after 180 min of incubation. In addition, no correlation or agreement was found between the techniques, suggesting that SCSA® and Sperm‐Ovis‐Halomax® may quantify different types of DNA damage in ram spermatozoa under these experimental conditions.
Is asthma only an airways disorder?
Authors: Bossé Ynuk , Boulet Louis‐Philippe
Published: October 2019

See related Article
Provenance discrimination of fine sediments by mid‐infrared spectroscopy: Calibration and application to fluvial palaeo‐environmental reconstruction
Authors: Chapkanski Stoil , Ertlen Damien , Rambeau Claire , Schmitt Laurent
Published: October 2019

Determining sediment provenance allows a better understanding of fluvial palaeo‐dynamics, and identifying involved watersheds, at broad spatio‐temporal scales. Conventional approaches for source identification are usually based on the physical, mineralogical, geochemical, magnetic or isotopic properties of sediments. Rapid, non‐destructive and, in well‐established contexts, highly accurate, mid‐infrared spectroscopy is an alternative method for investigating sediment sources. The present research objectives are: (i) to use the mid‐infrared spectroscopy method to discriminate the provenance of fine sediments, by applying discriminant analysis on a large set of reference samples from three different watersheds in the Upper Rhine area (associated with the Rhine, Ill and Vosges tributaries); (ii) to clarify whether the provenance spectra signatures are influenced by riverine depositional contexts (bars versus banks) and, to some extent, by grain size and/or high organic matter content; and (iii) to apply the mid‐infrared spectroscopy – discriminant analysis method to a study of fluvial palaeo‐dynamics and determine the provenance of palaeo‐channel infillings. Three main sedimentary sources, divided into eight sub‐categories, have been characterized by 196 modern reference samples from 78 collecting sites. Discriminant analysis displayed a strong separating power by classifying correctly the origin of samples without any inter‐group overlap, independently from the geomorphological context (bar or bank) and associated slight changes in organic matter contents or grain size. Mid‐infrared spectroscopy – discriminant analysis investigations of the palaeo‐channel infill, complemented by radiocarbon dates and mineralogical data, allowed reconstructing general trends for the local morpho‐sedimentary dynamics over the last ca 12 millennia.
Thawing times and hemostatic assessment of fresh frozen plasma thawed at 37°C and 45°C using water‐bath methods
Authors: Platton Sean , Elegbe Oluwatola , Bower Lucy , Cardigan Rebecca , Lancut Julia , McCullagh Josephine , Green Laura
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

The Barkey Plasmatherm (BP; Barkey GmbH & Co. KG) can thaw plasma at 37°C and 45°C. No studies have assessed thawing times or hemostatic qualities of plasma thawed at 45°C with BP. This study assessed fresh frozen plasma (FFP) thawing times with use of BP at 37°C and 45°C and Thermogenesis ThermoLine (TT; Helmer Scientific) at 37°C and compared the hemostatic quality of LG‐Octaplas (Octapharma) with use of BP at 37°C and 45°C with TT at 37°C.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

The thawing time of FFP (pairs or fours) was assessed using BP at 37°C and 45°C (not prewarmed and prewarmed) and TT at 37°C. Hemostasis was assessed in LG‐Octaplas at 5 minutes, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 120 hours after thawing with use of the three methods.

RESULTS

Thawing time for two units was 13.44 minutes using TT, the same as using BP at 37°C (12.94 min not prewarmed; 12.20 min prewarmed) or 45°C (12.38 min not prewarmed), but longer than using BP prewarmed to 45°C (11.31 min, p < 0.001). Thawing time for four units was 13.41 minutes using TT, shorter than using BP at 37°C (17.19 min not prewarmed, 18.47 min prewarmed; both p < 0.001) or 45°C (15.03 min not prewarmed, p = 0.012; 15.22 min prewarmed, p = 0.004). There was no reduction in hemostatic markers in LG‐Octaplas with use of BP at 37°C or 45°C compared to TT.

CONCLUSION

BP is quicker than TT by 2 minutes when thawing two units of FFP if it is prewarmed to 45°C. BP is slower than TT by at least 2 minutes when thawing four units of FFP at 37oC. There was no significant difference in the hemostatic qualities of plasma whether thawed at 37°C or 45°C.
Trade law and trade flows
Authors: Gil‐Pareja Salvador , Llorca‐Vivero Rafael , Paniagua Jordi
Published: October 2019

This paper develops and estimates a model to study the effect of improving the quality of commercial trade law on trade flows. We focus on improvements aimed to privately resolve disputes among trading partners: international commercial arbitration and conciliation. The main novelty of the model is to explicit the balance between the contractual quality of importer and exporter (contractual distance) in an environment with informational frictions (contractual noise). Using a structural gravity estimation with high‐dimensional fixed effects, the main contribution of the empirical exercise is to confirm previous results and unravel new traits that align with our theoretical results. Arbitration has a moderate and positive effect on exports that increases (decreases) with the contractual quality of the exporter (importer) and the remoteness of markets. The effects of conciliation are similarly positive, but only for similar trading partners with high levels of income. Results also suggest both domestic trade law reform and international treaties have a positive effect on trade, with a stronger effect of the latter.
Pevonedistat targeted therapy inhibits canine melanoma cell growth through induction of DNA re‐replication and senescence
Authors: Wood Elizabeth A. , Lu Zhanping , Jia Shuai , Assumpção Anna L. F. V. , Van Hesteren Matthew A. , Huelsmeyer Mike K. , Vail David M. , Pan Xuan
Published: October 2019

MLN4924 (pevonedistat) is a potent and selective NEDD8‐activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor. The NEDD8‐regulated neddylation system is responsible for the regulated degradation of intracellular proteins with important cellular functions in cancer cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. In human melanoma, inhibition of NAE results in induction of DNA re‐replication, S phase cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis. The study aimed to assess the anti‐cancer effect of MLN4924 on canine malignant melanoma cell lines and patient samples and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Canine melanoma cell lines and primary patient samples were evaluated for cell viability after incubation with varying concentrations of MLN4924 or dimethyl sulfoxide. Apoptosis, cell proliferation and senescence assays were performed to address underlying mechanisms of MLN4924‐mediated anti‐tumour effects. Gene expression of seven previously identified deregulated genes in human melanoma was compared in sensitive vs resistant samples. MLN4924 treatment significantly reduced the viability of canine melanoma cell lines and primary samples in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manners. MLN4924 promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell growth through induction of DNA re‐replication and cell senescence. While the majority of canine melanoma samples demonstrated sensitivity at nanomolar ranges, some samples were resistant to the treatment. Modulation of P21 levels correlated with canine melanoma cell sensitivity. These results provided justification for further exploration of MLN4924 as a treatment of canine melanoma.
The potential of the combined use of targeted type I interferon pathway inhibitors and oncolytic viruses to treat sarcomas
Authors: MacNeill Amy L.
Published: October 2019

Replicating oncolytic viruses (OVs) are appealing, new, FDA‐approved, therapeutic options for humans with head and neck cancers and melanomas. These treatments are not yet available for veterinary patients, but recent clinical trials have shown several OVs to be safe in dogs and cats. Specific viruses being used to treat sarcomas in dogs include modified canine adenovirus 2, myxoma virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and reovirus. In cats with vaccine‐associated sarcomas, poxviruses have been injected postoperatively and a reduced rate of tumour recurrence was documented. To date, the response rates of canine and feline patients to OV therapy have been variable (as they are in people). Optimal methods of OV administration and dosing schedules continue to be evaluated. One way to improve outcomes of OV therapy in veterinary patients may be to use OVs in combination with other immunomodulatory therapies. This review discusses the potential utility of concurrent therapy with an OV and an inhibitor of the type I interferon pathway.
The usefulness of short‐course prednisolone during the initial phase of an elimination diet trial in dogs with food‐induced atopic dermatitis
Authors: Favrot Claude , Bizikova Petra , Fischer Nina , Rostaher Ana , Olivry Thierry
Published: October 2019

Background

Food allergy is a possible cause of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs; it is typically diagnosed following an eight‐week elimination diet trial (EDT) and a provocation with the original diet. This lengthy procedure is difficult for owners and its interpretation may be unclear.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To test the effect of prednisolone used in the first weeks of anEDTin order to reduce the total time period for diagnosis. The goal was to perform food challenges earlier than after the traditionally recommended eight weeks.

Animals

Fifty‐three dogs withADwere included in the study.

Methods and materials

All dogs were fed a commercially available extensively hydrolyzed protein‐based commercial pet food and treated with prednisolone for at least two weeks to control pruritus and inflammation. Dogs were challenged two weeks after prednisolone finished, provided that no flare had occurred. Dogs with relapsing signs were fed the hydrolyzate for at least eight weeks with or without further prednisolone treatment.

Results

Ten of 53 dogs (19%) had no relapse after two weeks off prednisolone: they were subsequently challenged with their regular food, had a relapse of signs and were diagnosed with a food‐inducedADwithin four to six weeks of starting theEDT. In the other dogs, signs remained uncontrolled without prednisolone or relapsed rapidly after its discontinuation: they were considered nonfood‐allergic after an eight weekEDT.

Conclusion and clinical importance

This study demonstrates that a shorterEDTis possible if the allergic pruritus and inflammation are initially controlled with a short course of glucocorticoids. This shortened trial is likely to improve owner adherence and facilitate the diagnosis of food allergy.
Treatment of microfiber alkali weight‐reduction wastewater with high salt concentration by Fenton oxidation and bacterial degradation
Authors: Bai Ling , Fan Haojun , Guo Xuefang , Yan Jun , Chen Yi
Published: October 2019

Alkali weight‐reduction is a necessary process to remove the sea component (polyesters) by alkali for ‘sea‐island’ microfiber manufacture, in which large amounts of wastewater with high content of Na2SO4, ethylene glycol (EG) and terephthalic acid (TPA) were produced, thus making the traditional activated sludge method being invalid for wastewater treatment. To address this issue, a combination method was employed to treat the wastewater, i.e. the wastewater was treated by Fenton oxidation then followed by bioaugmentation process, simultaneously, the degradation characteristics of combined method were investigated in detail. In the first stage, the wastewater was treated by optimised Fenton's reagent, some stable compounds were found to degrade into metastable molecules; In the second stage, a new halotolerant bacteria, which could efficiently degrade EG,  was isolated from the soil and added into the activated sludge to further degrade the oxidized wastewater. The results indicated that wastewater was treated by this combination method, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) decreased from 9070 and 4656.9 mgO2/L to 150 and 13.05 mgO2/L, showing an obvious positive effect. Moreover, the two‐dimensional fractal dimension (D2f) of activated sludge was also found to be enhanced, again demonstrating the positive effect among bacteria, activated sludge and chemical reaction.
First report of alien Drosera rotundifolia in a high conservation value Patagonian peat bog
Authors: Vidal‐Russell R , Fernández Cánepa G , Nuñez C I , Ezcurra C
Published: October 2019

Drosera L. (Droseraceae) is a genus of insectivorous plants distributed worldwide with 240 species, 40 of which are found in South America. In the temperate forests of Chile and Argentina the only species present is D. uniflora. In a peat bog in Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina, a new species of Drosera was found in February 2018. To identify the species, we used morphological characters, and in addition, we sequenced two individuals for the nuclear region ITS and the chloroplast gene rbcL. Other Drosera sequences for these molecular regions were downloaded from GenBank, and a phylogenetic analysis was done to confirm the morphological identification of the Patagonian individuals. Morphologically and genetically, the species found in Nahuel Huapi is D. rotundifolia, a mostly Northern Hemisphere species. This is an alien species to the region and is thought to have been transported to the bog by tourists that visit the area. The presence of an exotic species represents a threat to this particular ecosystem with high conservation value. Currently, the National Park is taking control actions order to remove all individuals of the recently detected species. This study represents the first report of an alien species of Drosera in southern South America growing in the wild. This potentially invasive species may not only have negative impacts on the natural peat bog habitats in southern Argentina and Chile, but may also reach bogs in other temperate parts of the world.
Gaging the Neural Path of the Universal Grammar by the Logos Heuristics
Authors: Cassella Antonio
Published: October 2019

The logos heuristics (“Λ”) derived from the fix of autistics—e.g., the strain to tap infinity—can help us gage the Universal Grammar that Charles Sanders Peirce implied in his “Semeiotics” since 1868. Knowledge of that Grammar equates the return of “Quetzal-coatl” in Mesoamerican legends. If that “bird-serpent/sky-land” returned with the Common Sense in Peirce’s “Pragmaticism,” social science would befit Dharma. In the Third Attention of Dharma, the 2nd restores the 1st attention; infinity, finiteness; quantum, classical computing; doubt, certainty; hyperspace, spacetime; flail, crook; yin, yang; mother, father; water, stones; moon, sun; urim, thummim; nagual, tonal; Shiva, Vishnu; novelty, sameness; mindfullness, focused attention; learning, memory; fantasy, reality; unknown, known; simultaneity, sequence; lying, candor; patience, anger; fluidity, bluntness; less-than-perfection, perfection; witch, muggle; imaginary, real numbers; wine, bread; jury, law; flexibility, rigidity; hope, faith; arch, column; bow, arrow; quantum physics, gravity; and pragmatics in cerebellar microcomplexes, grammar in the neocortex. If the return of Common Sense distanced us from the desire to overwin and replace other species, our young will regain the Earth that hosted saber-toothed cats.
Desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural a través del trabajo con una obra literaria
Authors: Ramírez Espinosa Alexander , Colmenares Rodríguez Sol , Castellanos Marcela
Published: October 2019

Este artículo reporta una experiencia de creación de materiales para el abordaje de una obra literaria en un curso de inglés avanzado, y propone una reflexión sobre los elementos que se pueden tener en cuenta para la promoción y desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural (CCI) a partir de la literatura. Para tal fin se analizó un material compuesto por 84 actividades diseñado para guiar la lectura de la novela Americanah, de Chimamanda Adichie (2014). Las reflexiones a partir de tal análisis ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de que los docentes estudien con detenimiento sus prácticas de creación de materiales, de manera que identifiquen propósitos, posturas ideológicas implícitas y oportunidades pedagógicas  para la promoción de la CCI.
Las estrategias de profesionalización de las campañas presidenciales en Colombia desde 1994-2014
Authors: Restrepo Echavarría Néstor Julián , Gómez Restrepo Ángela María
Published: October 2019

El propósito de este artículo es analizar una creciente modernización y adaptación del modelo norteamericano en las campañas presidenciales en Colombia desde 1994 hasta la campaña presidencial de 2014.

Todo proceso electoral tiene unas características particulares en las que se evidencia el impacto que tiene el sistema político de cada país sobre la organización interna y externa de las campañas electorales, las cuales se estructuran a partir del aprovechamiento de factores o técnicas de profesionalización, con el objetivo de lograr el mayor número de votantes.

Para entender este fenómeno se medirá el nivel de profesionalización de las campañas presidenciales en Colombia a partir de establecer unas categorías de análisis que permitan describir y comparar el desarrollo y evolución de las técnicas que incorpora cada campaña, lo que posibilitará establecer una comparación del nivel de profesionalización.
La movilidad de las músicas populares en América Latina en los años 30 del siglo XX
Authors: Buitrago Trujillo Hugo Andrei
Published: October 2019

Articulando estudios recientes de la música popular en diversos países de América Latina con las indagaciones hechas en publicaciones como cancioneros y revistas de farándula, se hace una pesquisa sobre la movilidad de las músicas populares por varios países de la región, identificando el incremento, presencia y diálogo de las músicas viajantes con las consideradas nacionales, en la década de los años 30 del siglo XX, momento en el que la industria cultural de la radio, el disco y el cine, en un proceso intermedial, se consolidan como los espacios de entretenimiento y difusión que, con excepción del cine, trascienden los espacios públicos, para instalarse, también, en los escenarios privados.
Subjetividad, cotidianidad y memoria: la propuesta de documental colaborativo de José Balado
Authors: Leetoy Salvador , Zavala Scherer Diego
Published: October 2019

Este texto analiza el caso de DocuPeru, una organización de creación de contenidos audiovisuales, para reflexionar sobre el uso del documental colaborativo para la promoción de una cultura incluyente y de ciudadanía activa. Se establece que los productos diseñados por José Balado y su equipo son resultado de acciones colectivas que permiten a comunidades marginales acceder a formas de autorrepresentación, (re)construir su memoria y hablar de su cotidianidad. Primero, presentamos un marco general sobre agencia cultural; después explicamos cómo estas formas de producción de amateurs han dado lugar a un nuevo impulso del documental colaborativo. Finalmente, presentamos una entrevista con el propio Balado en la que explica los fundamentos que permiten crear esta vivencia colectiva.
Conditions for Rigid and Flat Foldability of Degree-n Vertices in Origami
Authors: Zimmermann Luca , Shea Kristina , Stanković Tino
Published: October 2019

In rigid origami, the complex folding motion arises from the rotation of strictly rigid faces around crease lines that represent perfect revolute joints. The rigid folding motion of an origami crease pattern is collectively determined by the kinematics of its individual vertices. Establishing a kinematic model and determining the conditions for the rigid foldability of a single vertex is thus important to exploit rigid origami in engineering design tasks. Today, there exists neither an efficient kinematic model to determine the unknown dihedral angles nor an intrinsic condition for the rigid foldability of arbitrarily complex vertices of degree n. In this paper, we present the principle of three units (PTU) that provides an efficient approach to modeling the kinematics of single degree-n vertices. The PTU is based on the notion that the kinematics of a vertex is determined by the behavior of a single underlying spherical triangle. The condition for the existence of this triangle leads to the condition for the rigid and flat foldability of degree-n vertices. These findings are transferred from single vertices to crease patterns, resulting in a simple rule to generate kinematically determinate crease patterns that can be designed to fold rigidly. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the PTU with respect to the global rigid foldability of a crease pattern.
Roadmap of ellipsometric characterization of plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Battie Yann , En Naciri Aotmane
Published: October 2019

This paper reports recent advances in ellipsometric characterization of silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs). Three systems are investigated: films composed of Au NPs distributed in shape, films with a gradient of concentration of Ag NPs, and colloidal suspensions composed of Au NP chains. The authors show that ellipsometry is highly sensitive to the plasmon resonance of NPs. This later can be used as an efficient probe of the NP morphology. The ellipsometric results are systematically compared to those that are obtained by transmission electron microscopy. The authors demonstrate that quantitative insights such as the shape distribution, the concentration, and the organization of NPs can be extracted from ellipsometric spectra.
Increasing Oxygen Uptake in Well-Trained Cross-Country Skiers During Work Intervals With a Fast Start
Authors: Rønnestad Bent R. , Rømer Tue , Hansen Joar
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Accumulated time at a high percentage of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) is important for improving performance in endurance athletes. The present study compared the acute effect of a roller-ski skating session containing work intervals with a fast start followed by decreasing speed (DEC) with a traditional session where the work intervals had a constant speed (similar to the mean speed of DEC; TRAD) on physiological responses, rating of perceived exertion, and leg press peak power. Methods: A total of 11 well-trained cross-country skiers performed DEC and TRAD in a randomized order (5 × 5-min work intervals, 3-min relief). Each 5-minute work interval in the DEC protocol started with 1.5 minutes at 100% of maximal aerobic speed followed by 3.5 minutes at 85% of maximal aerobic speed, whereas the TRAD protocol had a constant speed at 90% of maximal aerobic speed. Results: DEC induced a higher VO2 than TRAD, measured as both peak and average of all work intervals during the session (98.2% [2.1%] vs 95.4% [3.1%] VO2peak, respectively, and 87.6% [1.9%] vs 86.1% [3.2%] VO2peak, respectively) with a lower mean rating of perceived exertion after DEC than TRAD (16.1 [1.0] vs 16.5 [0.7], respectively) (all P < .05). There were no differences between sessions for mean heart rate, blood lactate concentration, or leg press peak power. Conclusion: DEC induced a higher mean VO2 and a lower rating of perceived exertion than TRAD, despite similar mean speed, indicating that DEC can be a good strategy for interval sessions aiming to accumulate more time at a high percentage of VO2peak.