bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes of Postpartum Depression among Sudanese Women from 2019 to 2021 in Taha Baasher Hospital
Authors: Salih Hussein Reem Ahmed , Ahmed Hamed Reem Gamma , Ahmed Abdelraheem Reem Abdallah , Elmahadi Wafaa Ali , Elgaili Yousif Yousif Omer
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major and common mental health problem complicating maternal status after delivery, mainly associated with maternal suffering and altering the mental status for both herself and her offspring. It is a complex condition results mainly from a mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes happens to women after giving birth. The interactions between chemical, social, and psychological variables factors especially in newly mothers experience are probably responsible for initiation and ranges of postpartum depression. Objectives: To determine the causes of postpartum depression among Sudanese women and other associated factors. Methods: This study will be conducted via Cohort – analytical study design based on retrospective database in the last 3 years from current day, will be conducted from Taha Baasher hospital medical records, a psychiatry department. The process started from October 2021. We used scientifically structured questionnaire as a tool to collect data from registered patient’s data with approval from Alzaiem Alazhari University. Result: Total of 79 cases have been studied in order to analyze the most prominent data they might have role in developing causes or risk factor of postpartum depression. The percentage of different parameters manly young age 62.5%, education of primary school 41.3%, with high percentage of positive family history of mental illness and previous history mental illness, 42.1% and 32.9% respectively. The majority of the cases have Moderate symptoms 53.8%, while 27.5% were Severe. The risk of patients was classified into homicidal 3.8% and suicidal were 7.7%. The final diagnosis of the cases was psychosis 76.5% and only 23.5% was depression. Treatment by drugs only was about 97.5%. Conclusion: The majority of causes and risk factor for postpartum depression manly varied from having history of mental illness or similar condition in the family or in the cases themselves, also having young age, and the lack of proper education and occupations. History of victimization also plays a role.
Habitat use and movement patterns of adult male and juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini throughout the Hawaiian archipelago
Authors: Hutchinson M , Scott M , Bauer R , Anderson J , Coffey DM , Holland K , Meyer C , O’Sullivan J , Royer M
Published: July 2023

Scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini are a circumglobal species found in tropical and subtropical waters. Globally, populations of S. lewini have undergone dramatic declines in recent decades, and 4 of 6 distinct population segments are at risk of extinction and listed under the United States Endangered Species Act. Despite this, limited data exist on movement behavior or habitat use requirements of S. lewini, especially in the Central Pacific region. In this long-term (2009-2020) telemetry study, 27 S. lewini (24 males [22 adults, 2 juveniles], and 3 juvenile females) ranging in size from 106 to 310 cm (total length) were tagged with a combination of acoustic and/or satellite tags in a known nursery area, Kāne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i. Acoustic data revealed repeated movements of adult male S. lewini to Kāne‘ohe Bay between May and September across multiple years. Horizontal movements away from the Bay indicate these individuals are highly associated with the Hawaiian Archipelago (i.e. Northwestern and main Hawaiian Islands), while vertical movements were dynamic, with repeated, nocturnal deep dives to depths beyond 800 m and temperatures as low as 5.0°C. We conclude that adult male and juvenile S. lewini tagged in Kāne‘ohe Bay exhibit fairly restricted movements throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago, and mature males specifically exhibit strong seasonal site fidelity to Kāne‘ohe Bay. These data add crucial baseline information on habitat preferences of S. lewini around the Hawaiian Islands, and can be used to help structure conservation strategies for a portion of the Central Pacific population.
Analisis Audit Energi di Hotel Kota Malang Menggunakan Web-Based Monitoring System
Authors: Ahmad Hermawan  , Rosina Ahda Dini  , Chandra Wiharya
Published: July 2023

Energy audits are evaluation activities carried out to determine the condition of the energy used in a system. Audits are carried out to provide the efficiency of an electrical system. The first energy audit conducted was the initial energy audit. By using the specifications of the installed electrical system and using monitoring data. Followed by a detailed energy audit, to determine the condition of a more specific electrical system. The data used is measurement/monitoring data, and data calculations are then compared with the provision of the electricity standard. In calculating the intensity of energy consumption in the initial energy audit process, the IKE Fave Hotel results were still by the standards with an IKE value of 213.59 kWh/m2. Meanwhile, based on the results of a detailed energy audit, it was found that the lighting system and cooling system were not up to standard because the lux results for several rooms showed results that were less than the lux standard. Thus, it is necessary to provide recommendations for improvements to the lighting and cooling system. Providing lighting recommendations can use dialux as a calculation comparison. In the lighting system, it is necessary to replace some of the lamp specifications installed because they are far from standard values. This also needs to be done on the cooling system, by replacing the installed air conditioner according to existing calculations. This replacement was carried out to save energy for the continuity of the hospitality industry process at Fave Hotel Malang.
Hubungan Kecemasan, Motivasi Dan Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Kunjungan Posyandu Balita Pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Sutinbuk Dedek , Kusmadeni Deri
Published: July 2023

Posyandu merupakan salah satu bentuk upaya Kesehatan Bersumberdaya Masyarakat (UKBM) yang dikelola dari, oleh, untuk, dan bersama masyarakat dengan dukungan teknis dari petugas kesehatan dalam rangka pencapaian NKKBS (Norma Keluarga Kecil Bahagia Sejahtera), guna memberdayakan masyarakat dan memberikan kemudahan kepada masyarakat dalam memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan dasar bagi ibu, bayi, dan anak balita. Tujuan peneltitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kecemasan ibu, motivasi ibu dan dukungan keluarga terhadap kunjungan posyandu balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan menggunkan uji chi-square test dengan analisa univariat dan bivariat, teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling, serta pengambilan datanya menggunakan teknik wawancara melalui lembar kusioner. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kecemasan ibu (p=0,034), motivasi ibu (p=0,029) dukungan keluarga (p=0,036). Hubungan yang paling dominan dengan kunjungan posyandu balita adalah Motivasi Ibu (p=0,029, POR = 2,569). Diharapkan kepada petugas Kesehatan untuk lebih meningkatkankan penyuluhan dan konseling kepada keluarga dan ibu balita pentingnya melakukan kunjungan balita ke Posyandu.
Panorama da acessibilidade em calçadas e vias públicas em 5 cidades do Paraná por meio da revisão de literatura: um traçado entre os anos de 2014 a 2022
Authors: Moraes Laís Beckhauser de , Denardi Ana Maria
Published: July 2023

O crescimento desenfreado das cidades interfere na mobilidade e acessibilidade da população, principalmente das pessoas com deficiência e limitação de mobilidade. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar as determinações legais de acessibilidade, a classificação das barreiras, abordar sobre a acessibilidade urbanística, acessibilidade arquitetônica e desenho universal, além de analisar as limitações de acessibilidade encontradas no meio urbano das cidades do estado do Paraná. Para isso, realizou-se uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura através da busca na base de dados do Google Acadêmico, SciELO, Repositório Institucional da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (RIUT), Biblioteca Digital: Teses e Dissertações da Universidade Federal do Paraná, com a utilização dos descritores “problemas de acessibilidade”, “vias públicas”, “calçadas”, “paraná”, “cidades”. O recorte temporal utilizado foi artigos publicados entre 2014 a 2022 e sem restrições quanto ao tipo de estudo. Foram selecionados 10 artigos que abordavam sobre as cidades paranaenses sendo elas: Doutor Camargo, Pato Branco, Maringá, Curitiba e Francisco Beltrão. Os principais problemas de acessibilidade encontrados nestes municípios são presença de buracos, vegetação localizada fora da faixa de serviço, falta de sinalização tátil na extensão da calçada, peças soltas, desníveis e presença de entulhos/obras. Registra-se que só um esforço conjunto entre município (como promotor da revitalização destes ambientes para não oferecer riscos a população) e a sociedade (como agentes usuários e coadjuvantes na preservação desses ambientes) é que se constrói cidades mais acessíveis.
Estudo da percepção ambiental dos moradores do entorno do córrego Chibiú no município de Diamante do Norte/PR
Authors: Garcia Natália Pereira , Denardi Ana Maria , Bonifácio Felipe Augusto
Published: July 2023

O crescimento da população humana tem provocado a degradação dos ecossistemas de água doce, principalmente aqueles próximos ou dentro do perímetro urbano. Este estudo investiga o estado de degradação de um pequeno córrego urbano (Chibiú) sob a perspectiva da percepção ambiental da população local que vive próxima a essa área de preservação permanente (APP). Esse córrego está localizado na cidade de Diamante do Norte, no Estado do Paraná. Avaliamos os principais impactos ambientais do córrego por meio da percepção retratada pela população local e da descrição da realidade estampada na região. Para isso, utilizamos também a pesquisa bibliográfica e uma abordagem qualitativa/quantitativa com dados estatísticos e a aplicação de um questionário estruturado. Constatamos que a Área de Preservação Permanente sofreu degradação progressiva de 2017 a 2019 (período da pesquisa). Além disso, detectamos que os moradores envolvidos no problema não identificam o córrego Chibiú como área de preservação permanente. Consequentemente, a população local não percebe os problemas ambientais existentes na área. Nossos resultados ilustram a necessidade de educação ambiental para as populações locais próximas aos córregos urbanos, pois somente assim a sociedade poderá compreender a degradação desses ambientes e exigir dos tomadores de decisão medidas que melhorem a qualidade desses ecossistemas.
Neuronal activity and remyelination: new insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic advancements
Authors: Zhou Yiting , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2023

This article reviews the role of neuronal activity in myelin regeneration and the related neural signaling pathways. The article points out that neuronal activity can stimulate the formation and regeneration of myelin, significantly improve its conduction speed and neural signal processing ability, maintain axonal integrity, and support axonal nutrition. However, myelin damage is common in various clinical diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, dementia, and schizophrenia. Although myelin regeneration exists in these diseases, it is often incomplete and cannot promote functional recovery. Therefore, seeking other ways to improve myelin regeneration in clinical trials in recent years is of great significance. Research has shown that controlling neuronal excitability may become a new intervention method for the clinical treatment of demyelinating diseases. The article discusses the latest research progress of neuronal activity on myelin regeneration, including direct or indirect stimulation methods, and the related neural signaling pathways, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, purinergic and voltage-gated ion channel signaling pathways, revealing that seeking treatment strategies to promote myelin regeneration through precise regulation of neuronal activity has broad prospects.
An adaptive ensemble learning by opposite multiverse optimizer and its application in fluid identification for unconventional oil reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Yongan , Zhang Xingyu , Sun Youzhuang , Gong An , Li Mengyan
Published: July 2023

Unconventional reservoirs are rich in petroleum resources. Reservoir fluid property identification for these reservoirs is an essential process in unconventional oil reservoir evaluation methods, which is significant for enhancing the reservoir recovery ratio and economic efficiency. However, due to the mutual interference of several factors, identifying the properties of oil and water using traditional reservoir fluid identification methods or a single predictive model for unconventional oil reservoirs is inadequate in accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new ensemble learning model that combines 12 base learners using the multiverse optimizer to improve the accuracy of reservoir fluid identification for unconventional reservoirs. The experimental results show that the overall classification accuracy of the adaptive ensemble learning by opposite multiverse optimizer (AIL-OMO) is 0.85. Compared with six conventional reservoir fluid identification models, AIL-OMO achieved high accuracy on classifying dry layers, oil–water layers, and oil layers, with accuracy rates of 94.33%, 90.46%, and 90.66%. For each model, the identification of the water layer is not accurate enough, which may be due to the classification confusion caused by noise interference in the logging curves of the water layer in unconventional reservoirs.
Subsurface structural control of geothermal resources in a magmatic rift: gravity and magnetic study of the Tulu Moye geothermal prospect, Main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Nigussie Wubamlak , Alemu Abera , Mickus Kevin , Keir Derek , Demissie Zelalem , Muhabaw Yoseph , Muluneh Ameha A. , Corti Giacomo , Yehualaw Esubalew
Published: July 2023

Since the Quaternary, extension and magmatism in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) have been mainly focused into narrow magmatic segments that have numerous volcanic centers and caldera collapses that offer favorable conditions for the occurrence of geothermal resources. However, the subsurface structure of the volcanic systems (0–10 km) and their link to the distribution of shallow geothermal resources remain unclear. To investigate the role of subsurface structures on the occurrence of these resources, we conducted gravity and magnetic studies combined with geological constraints within the Tulu Moye Geothermal Prospect (TMGP), one of the current geothermal prospects in the central MER associated with caldera collapses. Gravity data from the Global Gravity Model plus (GGMplus 2013) and ground magnetic data transformed into residual and derivative maps reveal that shallow magmatic intrusions occur under the volcanic centers (Tulu Moye, Bora, and Bericha). Our interpretation along with recent magnetotelluric model suggests that only the intrusion beneath Tulu Moye is currently magmatically active and includes partial melt, consistent with it being a primary heat source for the geothermal system. A new caldera formation model is proposed where the TMGP hosts an older large caldera (about 25 km diameter) within which there are several smaller nested caldera systems associated with the Bora, Bericha, and Tulu Moye volcanoes. Along with existing geologic, seismic, and magnetotelluric studies, our gravity and magnetic analysis indicate the interaction between NNE-SSW (rift-parallel) and NW-SE (cross-rift) trending faults, along with shallow magmatic intrusions and caldera systems, suggesting that such a large geothermal system is possible under these conditions.
Uncovering spatiotemporal pattern of floods with Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar in major rice-growing river basins of Tanzania
Authors: Michael Paulo Sulle , Sanga Hilda G. , Shitindi Mawazo J. , Herzog Max , Meliyo Joel L. , Massawe Boniface H. J.
Published: July 2023

In Tanzania, 71% of rice is grown in a rainfed lowland rice production ecosystem, primarily in river basins where extreme weather events like floods are frequent. For a six-year period (2017–2022), flood mapping was conducted using Sentinel-1 data in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, utilizing change detection and thresholding methodology. In addition to flood mapping, land use and land cover (LULC) were also analyzed using Sentinel-2 data in GEE, employing the Random Forest (RF) algorithm for classification. The aim was to understand the spatiotemporal extent of floods in two study locations. The resulting flood maps achieved an overall accuracy (OA) greater than 90% for all sites and study years. The findings revealed that agricultural land was the predominant land use/cover in both sub-basins, and floods were widespread in both regions. The study highlighted the interannual variability in flood extent, both spatially and temporally. Specifically, at the Ikwiriri site, floods were more extensive in 2020, covering 54.95% of the cultivated area, while in 2017, the minimum flood extent occurred, affecting 14% of the cultivated area. Similarly, at the Mngeta site, extensive floods were observed in 2020, with floods impacting 5.53% of the cultivated areas, while lower flood extents were observed in 2017, affecting 1.49% of the cultivated areas. Furthermore, the study demonstrated distinct spatiotemporal patterns of floods in both locations, with areas in proximity to rivers and wetlands experiencing more frequent floods. The research showcased the capabilities of the GEE cloud computation platform for flood inundation mapping, emphasizing its potential for enhancing our understanding of rice-producing environments. The generated flood maps can be utilized to guide the selection of areas for trials of flood-tolerant rice varieties and the dissemination of technologies such as flood-tolerant rice varieties, contributing to the resilience of rice farmers in these two floodplains.
How do parasitic worms prevent diabetes? An exploration of their influence on macrophage and β-cell crosstalk
Authors: Camaya Inah , O’Brien Bronwyn , Donnelly Sheila
Published: July 2023

Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease globally, with prevalence increasing at a faster rate than heart disease and cancer. While the disease presents clinically as chronic hyperglycaemia, two distinct subtypes have been recognised. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised as an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are destroyed, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) arises due to metabolic insufficiency, in which inadequate amounts of insulin are produced, and/or the actions of insulin are diminished. It is now apparent that pro-inflammatory responses cause a loss of functional β-cell mass, and this is the common underlying mechanism of both T1D and T2D. Macrophages are the central immune cells in the pathogenesis of both diseases and play a major role in the initiation and perpetuation of the proinflammatory responses that compromise β-cell function. Furthermore, it is the crosstalk between macrophages and β-cells that orchestrates the inflammatory response and ensuing β-cell dysfunction/destruction. Conversely, this crosstalk can induce immune tolerance and preservation of β-cell mass and function. Thus, specifically targeting the intercellular communication between macrophages and β-cells offers a unique strategy to prevent/halt the islet inflammatory events underpinning T1D and T2D. Due to their potent ability to regulate mammalian immune responses, parasitic worms (helminths), and their excretory/secretory products, have been examined for their potential as therapeutic agents for both T1D and T2D. This research has yielded positive results in disease prevention, both clinically and in animal models. However, the focus of research has been on the modulation of immune cells and their effectors. This approach has ignored the direct effects of helminths and their products on β-cells, and the modulation of signal exchange between macrophages and β-cells. This review explores how the alterations to macrophages induced by helminths, and their products, influence the crosstalk with β-cells to promote their function and survival. In addition, the evidence that parasite-derived products interact directly with endocrine cells to influence their communication with macrophages to prevent β-cell death and enhance function is discussed. This new paradigm of two-way metabolic conversations between endocrine cells and macrophages opens new avenues for the treatment of immune-mediated metabolic disease.
Investigation on the impact of low carbon packaging design on water resource protection
Authors: Yang Haojie , Hong Kyungmin , Yu Runze
Published: July 2023

Conservation and efficient use of water resources are key to combating global climate change. The development of low-carbon industries plays an important role in promoting the protection of water resources. Based on this, this paper combines the measures of green production and consumption, and uses the concept of low-carbon packaging design to study the impact of water resource protection. First of all, this paper studies the impact of the packaging industry on the ecological environment, and combines the concept of global low-carbon development to implement a low-carbon packaging industry structure. Secondly, adhering to the concept of sustainable development, from green packaging design to green packaging consumption, this paper uses the water resources protection analysis impact model to empirically analyze the impact of the low-carbon packaging industry on water resources protection. The experimental results showed that after the implementation of the low-carbon packaging industry structure model in Zhejiang Province, China, the impact efficiency of the region on water resources was as high as 90%, and the sewage discharge showed a decreasing and stable trend, sewage discharge in the light industrial zone was reduced from 120,000 to 80,000 cubic meters, and two water pollutants, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), were reduced by 4,600 and 2,200 tons respectively. Studies have shown that low-carbon packaging design can reduce carbon emissions from packaging production to a certain extent and reduce pollutant emissions, thereby improving the efficiency of water resource protection and management.
Success of passive and active restoration of lowland hay meadows with regard to current and historical references
Authors: Dellicour Maïké , Goret Thibaut , Piqueray Julien , Fayolle Adeline , Bindelle Jérôme , Mahy Grégory
Published: July 2023

The restoration of hay meadows is one of the major challenges in temperate Europe, to overcome the drastic loss and degradation of these semi-natural habitats. Evaluation of restoration success requires the definition of a relevant reference ecosystem. Historical phytosociological relevés dating from the 1960s–1970s, before large scale agriculture intensification, may be used as the reference framework for such purposes. However, this reference framework may no longer be pertinent in our present-day ecological and socio-economic context. In this study, we assessed the success of three restoration techniques for lowland hay meadows, based on plant species richness and composition and functional traits, by comparing the restoration trajectories to historical and current references. The three restoration techniques, passive restoration mowing, active fresh hay transfer and active sowing of threshing material, were implemented depending on the initial level of degradation and the proximity to well-preserved meadows. The species composition of restored meadows clearly differed from historical references but converged toward current references, for both passive and active restoration techniques. Historical references are characterized by short, stress-tolerant dicotyledonous plant species with small specific leaf area, indicators of nutrient-poor environments. The gap observed between plant communities of historical and current meadows suggests that the historical data are an over-ambitious target for restoration purposes and can hardly be considered relevant to our present-day context. Therefore, creation of a new reference framework of lowland hay meadows is needed for the adequate implementation of restoration projects. Successful outcomes of active and passive techniques must encourage practitioners to adapt the choice of the restoration method depending on the local ecological context, i.e., level of degradation and proximity to well-preserved habitats.
Visualizing temporal dynamics and research trends of macrophage-related diabetes studies between 2000 and 2022: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Sicheng , Zhang Lili , Jin Zishan , Wang Yayun , Zhang Boxun , Zhao Linhua
Published: July 2023

Background

Macrophages are considered an essential source of inflammatory cytokines, which play a pivotal role in the development of diabetes and its sequent complications. Therefore, a better understanding of the intersection between the development of diabetes and macrophage is of massive importance.

Objectives

In this study, we performed an informative bibliometric analysis to enlighten relevant research directions, provide valuable metrics for financing decisions, and help academics to gain a quick understanding of the current macrophage-related diabetes studies knowledge domain.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection database was used for literature retrieval and dataset export. Bibliometrix R-package was performed to conduct raw data screening, calculating, and visualizing.

Results

Between 2000 and 2022, the annual publication and citation trends steadily increased. Wu Yonggui was the scholar with the most published papers in this field. The institute with the highest number of published papers was the University of Michigan. The most robust academic collaboration was observed between China and the United States of America. Diabetologia was the journal that published the most relevant publications. The author’s keywords with the highest occurrences were “inflammation”, “diabetic nephropathy”, and “obesity”. In addition, “Macrophage polarization” was the current motor topic with potential research prospects.

Conclusions

These comprehensive and visualized bibliometric results summarized the significant findings in macrophage-related diabetes studies over the past 20 years. It would enlighten subsequent studies from a macro viewpoint and is also expected to strengthen investment policies in future macrophage-related diabetes studies.
Specific attributes of the VL domain influence both the structure and structural variability of CDR-H3 through steric effects
Authors: Guloglu Bora , Deane Charlotte M.
Published: July 2023

Antibodies, through their ability to target virtually any epitope, play a key role in driving the adaptive immune response in jawed vertebrates. The binding domains of standard antibodies are their variable light (VL) and heavy (VH) domains, both of which present analogous complementarity-determining region (CDR) loops. It has long been known that the VH CDRs contribute more heavily to the antigen-binding surface (paratope), with the CDR-H3 loop providing a major modality for the generation of diverse paratopes. Here, we provide evidence for an additional role of the VL domain as a modulator of CDR-H3 structure, using a diverse set of antibody crystal structures and a large set of molecular dynamics simulations. We show that specific attributes of the VL domain such as subtypes, CDR canonical forms and genes can influence the structural diversity of the CDR-H3 loop, and provide a physical model for how this effect occurs through inter-loop contacts and packing of CDRs against each other. Our results indicate that the rigid minor loops fine-tune the structure of CDR-H3, thereby contributing to the generation of surfaces complementary to the vast number of possible epitope topologies, and provide insights into the interdependent nature of CDR conformations, an understanding of which is important for the rational antibody design process.
C-reactive protein: a target for therapy to reduce inflammation
Authors: Rizo-Téllez Salma A. , Sekheri Meriem , Filep János G.
Published: July 2023

C-reactive protein (CRP) is well-recognized as a sensitive biomarker of inflammation. Association of elevations in plasma/serum CRP level with disease state has received considerable attention, even though CRP is not a specific indicator of a single disease state. Circulating CRP levels have been monitored with a varying degree of success to gauge disease severity or to predict disease progression and outcome. Elevations in CRP level have been implicated as a useful marker to identify patients at risk for cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, and to guide therapy in a context-dependent manner. Since even strong associations do not establish causality, the pathogenic role of CRP has often been over-interpreted. CRP functions as an important modulator of host defense against bacterial infection, tissue injury and autoimmunity. CRP exists in conformationally distinct forms, which exhibit distinct functional properties and help explaining the diverse, often contradictory effects attributed to CRP. In particular, dissociation of native pentameric CRP into its subunits, monomeric CRP, unmasks “hidden” pro-inflammatory activities in pentameric CRP. Here, we review recent advances in CRP targeting strategies, therapeutic lowering of circulating CRP level and development of CRP antagonists, and a conformation change inhibitor in particular. We will also discuss their therapeutic potential in mitigating the deleterious actions attributed to CRP under various pathologies, including cardiovascular, pulmonary and autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Flow and heat transfer in a meandering channel
Authors: Ibrahim Syed , Khan Marwat Dil Nawaz , Ullah Naeem , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Kamran
Published: July 2023

Fluid flows occur due to internal or external forces such as wind, gravity, pressure gradients, side-wall motion, MHD, and free convection. This study examines how meanders impact heat transfer by studying the behavior of viscous fluid flow with streamwise vortices in a sinusoidal wavy meandering channel of non-uniform radius. The study simplifies the motion and energy equations governing the fluid flow using novel transformations and a regular perturbation method. By plotting graphs for different parameter values, such as Pr, Re, and Ec, it reveals that decreasing the wavelength leads to flow separation near the channel surface. However, the stream moves forward with a sudden meander disturbance, causing the flow to become rectilinear and independent of vertex-generating centrifugal forces. The study identifies a stream function using standard and established relations. The fluid flow patterns and temperature distribution behavior are shown in various plots, highlighting the significant impact of meanders on fluid flow.
Comparison of different surgical techniques for chronic subdural hematoma: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Qiu Youjia , Xie Minjia , Duan Aojie , Yin Ziqian , Wang Menghan , Chen Xi , Chen Zhouqing , Gao Wei , Wang Zhong
Published: July 2023

Background

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a neurosurgical condition with high prevalence. Many surgical approaches are recommended for treating CSDH, but there needs to be a consensus on the optimal technique. This network meta-analysis (NMA) compared the efficacy and safety of different surgical treatments for CSDH.

Methods

Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were searched for relevant studies up to February 2023. An NMA was performed to compare the outcomes of patients with CSDH treated by single-hole or double-hole craniotomy (SBHC and DBHC, respectively), twist-drill craniotomy (TDC), mini-craniotomy, and craniotomy. The NMA protocol was registered at INPLASY (registration no. 202320114).

Results

The NMA included 38 studies with 7,337 patients. For efficacy outcomes, DBHC showed the highest surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) values for recurrence (96.3%) and reoperation (87.4%) rates. DBHC differed significantly from mini-craniotomy in recurrence rate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35, 0.97) and from SBHC (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.91) and TDC (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.82) in reoperation rate. For operative time, TDC was superior to SBHC (mean difference [MD] = −2.32, 95% CI: −3.78 to −0.86), DBHC (MD = −3.61, 95% CI: −5.55, −1.67), and mini-craniotomy (MD = −3.39, 95% CI: −5.70, −1.08). Patients treated by TDC had a shorter hospital stay than those treated by SBHC (MD = −0.82, 95% CI: −1.51, −0.12). For safety outcomes, there were no significant differences between groups in mortality and complication rates; however, mini-craniotomy (79.8%) and TDC (78.1%) had the highest SUCRAs.

Conclusion

DBHC may be the most effective surgical treatment for CSDH based on the low recurrence and reoperation rates, although all examined techniques were relatively safe.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-2-0114/
Adult-onset leukodystrophies: a practical guide, recent treatment updates, and future directions
Authors: Muthusamy Karthik , Sivadasan Ajith , Dixon Luke , Sudhakar Sniya , Thomas Maya , Danda Sumita , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Wierenga Klaas , Dhamija Radhika , Gavrilova Ralitza
Published: July 2023

Adult-onset leukodystrophies though individually rare are not uncommon. This group includes several disorders with isolated adult presentations, as well as several childhood leukodystrophies with attenuated phenotypes that present at a later age. Misdiagnoses often occur due to the clinical and radiological overlap with common acquired disorders such as infectious, immune, inflammatory, vascular, metabolic, and toxic etiologies. Increased prevalence of non-specific white matter changes in adult population poses challenges during diagnostic considerations. Clinico-radiological spectrum and molecular landscape of adult-onset leukodystrophies have not been completely elucidated at this time. Diagnostic approach is less well-standardized when compared to the childhood counterpart. Absence of family history and reduced penetrance in certain disorders frequently create a dilemma. Comprehensive evaluation and molecular confirmation when available helps in prognostication, early initiation of treatment in certain disorders, enrollment in clinical trials, and provides valuable information for the family for reproductive counseling. In this review article, we aimed to formulate an approach to adult-onset leukodystrophies that will be useful in routine practice, discuss common adult-onset leukodystrophies with usual and unusual presentations, neuroimaging findings, recent advances in treatment, acquired mimics, and provide an algorithm for comprehensive clinical, radiological, and genetic evaluation that will facilitate early diagnosis and consider active treatment options when available. A high index of suspicion, awareness of the clinico-radiological presentations, and comprehensive genetic evaluation are paramount because treatment options are available for several disorders when diagnosed early in the disease course.
Cognitive neuroscience perspective on memory: overview and summary
Authors: Sridhar Sruthi , Khamaj Abdulrahman , Asthana Manish Kumar
Published: July 2023

This paper explores memory from a cognitive neuroscience perspective and examines associated neural mechanisms. It examines the different types of memory: working, declarative, and non-declarative, and the brain regions involved in each type. The paper highlights the role of different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex in working memory and the hippocampus in declarative memory. The paper also examines the mechanisms that underlie the formation and consolidation of memory, including the importance of sleep in the consolidation of memory and the role of the hippocampus in linking new memories to existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights two types of memory consolidation processes: cellular consolidation and system consolidation. Cellular consolidation is the process of stabilizing information by strengthening synaptic connections. System consolidation models suggest that memories are initially stored in the hippocampus and are gradually consolidated into the neocortex over time. The consolidation process involves a hippocampal-neocortical binding process incorporating newly acquired information into existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights the role of the medial temporal lobe and its involvement in autobiographical memory. Further, the paper discusses the relationship between episodic and semantic memory and the role of the hippocampus. Finally, the paper underscores the need for further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying non-declarative memory, particularly conditioning. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview from a cognitive neuroscience perspective of the different processes involved in memory consolidation of different types of memory.
Clinical utility and diagnostic value of tumor-educated platelets in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wiyarta Elvan , Nugraha Darrin Ananda , Ramadani Muhammad Indera , Gustya Gita Fajri , Ammar Muhammad Farrasy , Edwar Hana Dzakira , Kheirizzad Nildza , Mukhlisah Mutiah Nurul , Burhan Erlina , Syahruddin Elisna
Published: July 2023

Background

The review addresses the knowledge gap concerning the diagnostic value and clinical utility of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) in adult patients with lung cancer.

Methods

We searched twelve databases: PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, SSRN, Clinicaltrials.gov, and CNKI up to 24 March 2023, to include any diagnostic study regarding TEPs and LC. TEPs diagnostic value was evaluated from pooled sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the curve (AUC). QUADAS 2 was used to assess the risk of bias. Heterogeneity analysis was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plane, Galbraith plot, bivariate boxplot, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. TEPs clinical utility was evaluated from Fagan’s nomogram.

Results

44 reports from 10 studies, including 7,858 events and 6,632 controls, were analyzed. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.80 (95% CI 0.79–0.80), 0.69 (95% CI 0.69–0.70), 2.92 (95% CI 2.50–3.41), 0.26 (95% CI 0.21–0.32), and 12.1 (95% CI 8.61–16.76), respectively. In addition, the AUC of the Summary ROC curve was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.88). The overall risk of bias was low. Heterogeneity may result from cancer stage, cancer control, measuring equipment, and RNA types across studies. There was no apparent publication bias (p=0.29) with significant positive (79%) and negative (22%) post-test probability, according to Deeks funnel plot asymmetry test and Fagan’s nomogram.

Conclusion

TEPs could be a moderately effective candidate biomarker for LC diagnosis.
Scleral flaps, pars plana vitrectomy and gore-tex sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens placement: a case series and review of literature
Authors: Napolitano Pasquale , Filippelli Mariaelena , Carosielli Marianna , Costagliola Ciro , Dell’Omo Roberto
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. Intraocular lens (IOL) implants are placed routinely in the capsular bag after successful cataract extraction. However, in the absence of adequate capsular support, IOL may be placed in the anterior chamber, fixated to the iris or fixated to the sclera. The purpose of this study is to report the clinical outcomes and safety profile of a trans-scleral sutured intraocular lens (IOL) technique using scleral flaps, vitrectomy, and Gore-Tex suture to place posterior chamber IOL.

Methods

Retrospective, interventional case series of eyes undergoing scleral fixation of an IOL using Gore-Tex suture with concurrent vitrectomy. Ocular examination with the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (logMAR BCVA), tonometry, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed on all patients at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation. All post-operative complications were recorded.

Results

Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients were included. Mean logMAR BCVA improved from 0.43 ± 0.36 (20\40 Snellen equivalent) preoperatively to 0.13 ± 0.18 (20\25 Snellen equivalent) postoperatively at 12 months (p<0.01). Indications included surgical aphakia (16) and dislocated lens implant (9). No cases of IOL opacification, suprachoroidal haemorrhage, post-operative endophthalmitis, IOL dislocation, Gore-Tex exposure, or retinal detachment were observed during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

Ab externo scleral fixation of IOLs with Gore-Tex suture plus scleral flap is well tolerated and associated with a very low rate of suture exposition. Moreover, our study confirms excellent refractive outcomes after surgery.
Association between maternal postpartum depression and children's physical growth in early childhood: a birth cohort study
Authors: He Qiong , Cheng Gang , He Simin , Tian Gang , Xie Xiaowei , Jiang Ni , Min Xianying , Li Chao , Li Rui , Shi Yan , Zhou Tong , Yan Yan
Published: July 2023

Background

Untreated maternal postpartum depression (PPD) has consequences for children's physical growth, but no published study has evaluated changes in this effect over time. Here we therefore aimed to evaluate the dynamic effects of PPD on the physical growth of children in a prospective birth cohort.

Methods

Between 2015 and 2019, 960 mother-child pairs in Changsha, China were followed up when the child was aged 1–48 months. Data were obtained through household surveys. The mothers' depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at 1 month postpartum. Linear mixed models were used to examine the changes in the association of PPD and EPDS scores with physical growth in six different age groups of children between 1 and 48 months.

Results

A total of 604 mother-child pairs completed the follow-up, and 3.3% of mothers reported PPD. No associations were found between PPD and weight or height growth at any age. While EPDS scores were associated with weight gain (β = −0.014, 95% CI (−0.025, −0.002), P = 0.024) and height growth (β = −0.044, 95% CI (−0.084, −0.004), P = 0.030) rates at 1–3 months, no associations were found in older children.

Limitations

The number of mothers who reported PPD was relatively small, and the measurement of PPD was not continuously taken.

Conclusions

After adjustments for confounders, no dynamic association was found between PPD and children's weight and height growth. EPDS scores, in contrast, did negatively affect children's weight and height growth at age 1–3 months, but this effect was not long-lasting.
Effect of catch-up sleep on obesity in Korean adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Choi Youngha , Kim Sujin , Lee Myeongseob , Lee Hae In , Song Kyungchul , Suh Junghwan , Chae Hyun Wook , Kim Ho-Seong , Kwon Ahreum
Published: July 2023

Background

Adolescents have weekday/weekend sleep discrepancies and may compensate for weekday sleep debt through sleep extension on weekends.

Objective

We investigated the effects of total sleep duration on weekdays/weekends on obesity and determined if weekend catch-up sleep has an ameliorating effect on obesity in Korean adolescents.

Methods

Using data from the KNHANES VII, 1,306 middle and high school students were assessed for total sleep duration on weekdays, weekends, and the entire week, as well as weekend sleep extension. Participants were classified into four groups according to weekend sleep extension.

Results

Total sleep duration and weekend sleep duration were negatively associated with body mass index z-score. Increased weekend sleep duration and sleep extension on weekends decreased the relative risk of overweight/obesity with each 30 min increment, reducing the risk by a factor of 0.39 and 0.93, respectively. The risk of overweight/obesity in adolescents who slept less than 6 h on weekdays increased by a factor of 1.93 when they slept for less than 3 h on weekends.

Conclusion

Weekend catch-up sleep had a negative dose-dependent association with obesity in Korean adolescents. Sleeping longer on weekends may be associated with a decreased risk of obesity, even if the adolescent obtains less sleep during weekdays. However, further prospective studies are needed to establish the causality between extended weekend sleep and obesity.
Assessing of executive functions in daily life in preterm children aged 3–4 years old from the “Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Preschool version” questionnaire
Authors: Reynold de Seresin Magali , Roy Arnaud , Theveniaut Camille , Le Goff Justine , Chopin Coline , Rouger Valérie , Roze Jean-Christophe , Flamant Cyril , Muller Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2023

Background

Executive functions (EFs) are a set of neuropsychological skills permitting solving problems in a new situation by regulating action, behavior, and emotional response. As cerebral maturation remains vulnerable in preterm children, a higher risk of developing cognitive disorders including EFs exist compared to term children.

Aims

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of preschool EF impairments through proxy reports in children born preterm before 34 weeks of gestational age using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Preschool (BRIEF-P) version. Secondary aims were to report neonatal, child, or socioeconomic factors associated with EF disorders.

Results

Parents of 357 children born preterm aged 3–4 years old completed the BRIEF-P version. Impairment in EFs was clinically significant for 13.5% of preterm children (n = 47; 95% CI = 0.10–0.18) compared to 5.1% in term children. A low parental socioeconomic level was significantly associated with impaired parent-rated EF (19.1% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Proxy reports of EF impairment are about twice as frequent as in term children. EF difficulties are not related to neonatal or child severity factors in contrast with the parental socioeconomic level. Using a parent-rated questionnaire may be a useful and easy tool to identify early the daily life impact of EF disorders on clinical follow-up of preterm children.

This study was recorded in the Clinical Trials Register under identifier NCT03700463.