bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Infant Orthopedics on the Occlusion of the Deciduous Dentition in Children with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (Dutchcleft)
Authors: Bongaarts Catharina A. M. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne M. , van't Hof Martin A. , Prahl-Andersen Birte
Published: October 2004

Objective

Evaluation of the effect of infant orthopedics (IO) on the occlusion of the deciduous dentition in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Design

Prospective, two-arm, randomized, controlled clinical trial with three participating cleft palate centers (Dutchcleft).

Setting

Cleft Palate Centers of the University Medical Center Nijmegen, Academic Center of Dentistry Amsterdam, and Dijkzigt University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Patients

Children with complete UCLP (n = 54) were included.

Interventions

In a concealed allocation procedure, half of the patients was randomized to wear a plate till surgical closure of the soft palate (IO+), and the other half (IO−) did not have a plate.

Mean Outcome Measures

Dental arch relationships were assessed at 4 and 6 years of age with the 5-year-old index; the Huddart-score; and measurements of overjet, overbite, and sagittal occlusion.

Results

There were no significant differences found between the IO+ and IO− groups for the 5-year-old index; the Huddart-score; and overjet, overbite, and sagittal occlusion.

Conclusions

IO had no observable effect on the occlusion in the deciduous dentition at 4 and 6 years of age. Considering the occlusion only, there is no need to perform IO in children with UCLP.
Development of a prototype MSPC software package for on‐line process monitoring and statistical quality control
Authors: Stavropoulos Y. , Kiparissides C.
Published: October 2004

Multivariate statistical process control concepts and methods have become very important for the development of effective quality assurance and statistical process control schemes for process industries. In the present article, the development of a prototype Multivariate Statistical Process Control (MSPC) software package is described and its application to two polymerization processes is demonstrated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 157–170, 2001
Air Products hydrogen liquefaction project: Building a Web‐based simulation of an industrial process
Authors: Kuriyan K. , Muench W. , Reklaitis G.V.
Published: October 2004

In this paper we present a Web‐based simulation drawn from a hydrogen liquefaction process operated by Air Products. We describe the software architecture that connects Web‐based clients to a simulation server and discuss some implementation issues. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 180–191, 2001
Selective antibodies to methadone enantiomers: Synthesis of (R)‐ and (R,S)‐methadone conjugates and determination by an immunoenzymatic method in human serum
Authors: Chikhi‐Chorfi Nassima , Galons Hervé , Pham‐Huy Chuong , Thevenin Marc , Warnet Jean‐Michel , Claude Jean‐Roger
Published: October 2004

Selective antibodies to (R)‐methadone (Mtd) and to its racemate were produced in rabbits by immunization with conjugates of (R)‐ or (R,S)‐hemisuccinyl‐methadol‐bovine serum albumin, respectively. A hapten was first prepared by reduction of (R)‐ or (R,S)‐Mtd with sodium borohydride, followed by esterification with succinic anhydride. The conjugation of hapten with albumin was achieved by the mixed anhydride method. After immunization of rabbits, the titers and specificity of each antibody were determined by ELISA. The antibodies obtained were tested with (R)‐, (S)‐, (R,S)‐Mtd, its major metabolite (EDDP), and some drugs of abuse (morphine, codeine, cocaine). The sensitivities of antibodies to (R)‐ and (R,S)‐Mtd were about 1 and 2 ng/ml, respectively. Selective (R)‐antibodies recognized (R)‐Mtd about 40 times more avidly than the (S)‐isomer, while an antiserum against (R,S)‐Mtd recognized (R)‐ and (S)‐isomers to about the same degree. Both selective antibodies showed little interference (about 0.5%) with EDDP metabolite and no crossreactivity with morphine, codeine, and cocaine. These two selective antibodies were used to develop an immunoenzymatic method (ELISA) for the determination of (R)‐ and (R,S)‐Mtd in serum samples of patients under maintenance treatment for narcotic addiction. Chirality 13:187–192, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular structure of dynein and motility of a giant sperm axoneme provided with only the outer dynein arm
Authors: Mencarelli Caterina , Lupetti Pietro , Rosetto Marco , Mercati David , Heuser John E. , Dallai Romano
Published: October 2004

The peculiar sperm axoneme of the dipteran Asphondylia ruebsaameni is characterized by an extraordinarily high number of microtubule doublets (up to 2,500) arranged in double parallel spirals. Doublets of the inner row of each spiral are tilted, so that their outer arms point towards the B‐tubule of the next doublet in the outer row. Doublets are provided with only the outer arm, and no structure related to the central pair/radial spoke complex is present. When analyzed by quick‐freeze, deep‐etch electron microscopy, the structure of the dynein arms was shown to share the same organization described in other organisms; however, it appears to be somewhat more complex than that previously found in a related dipteran species, Monarthropalpus flavus, since the foot region of the arms displays a globular extra‐domain that is intercalated between adjacent arms. Treatment of demembranated sperm with ATP and vanadate induced conformational changes in the dynein arms. SDS‐page suggested the presence of a single dynein high molecular weight band or, in the gels with the best electrophoretic resolution, of two very closely spaced bands. This polypeptide positively reacted with a polyclonal antibody raised against a specific amino acid sequence located in the phosphate‐binding loop of the dynein catalytic site. Dynein heavy chain‐related DNA sequences corresponding to the catalytic phosphate‐binding region were amplified by RT‐PCR. Two distinct fragments (Asph‐ax1 and Asph‐ax2) encoding axonemal dynein sequences were identified. Southern blot analysis performed on genomic DNA using these sequences as a probe showed that they are part of different genes. An intron was identified in the Asph‐ax1 fragment at a position corresponding to the site of a nucleotide deletion in the putative pseudogene of Monarthropalpus. Asphondylia spermatozoa exhibited in vivo a whirling movement both in the deferent duct and in the spermatheca, but they were unable to undergo processive movement in vitro. They propagated a three‐dimensional wave only when constrained in a bent configuration by some mechanical means. The phylogenetic relationships between the two dipteran species, Monarthopalpus and Asphondylia, based on these biochemical and molecular data are also discussed. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50:129–146, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the 53 kD forked protein rescues F‐actin bundle formation and mutant bristle phenotypes in Drosophila
Authors: Grieshaber S. S. , Lankenau D. H. , Talbot T. , Holland S. , Petersen N. S.
Published: October 2004

forked mutations affect bristle development in Drosophila pupae, resulting in short, thick, gnarled bristles in the adult. The forked proteins are components of 200–300‐μm‐long actin fiber bundles that are present transiently during pupal development [Petersen et al., 1994: Genetics 136:173–182]. These bundles are composed of segments of 3–10 μm long, and forked protein is localized along the actin fiber bundle segments and accumulates at the junctions connecting them longitudinally. In the forked mutants, f36a and fhd, F‐actin bundles are greatly reduced in number and size, and bundle segmentation is absent. The p‐element, P{w+, falter} contains a 5.3‐kb fragment of the forked gene that encodes the 53‐kD forked protein [Lankenau et al., 1996: Mol Cell Biol 16:3535–3544]. Expression of only the 53‐kD forked protein is sufficient to rescue the actin bundle and bristle phenotypes of f36a and fhd mutant flies. The 5.3‐kb forked sequence, although smaller than the 13‐kb region previously shown to rescue forked mutants [Petersen et al., 1994: Genetics 136:173–182], does contain the core forked sequence that encodes actin binding and bundling domains in cultured mammalian cells [Grieshaber and Petersen, 1999: J Cell Sci 112:2203–2211]. These data show that the 53‐kD forked protein is sufficient for normal bristle development and that the domains shown previously to be important for actin bundling in cell culture may be all that are required for normal actin bundle formation in developing Drosophila bristles. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50:198–206, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of cortical oscillations in spreading cells by depolymerization of microtubules
Authors: Pletjushkina Olga J. , Rajfur Zenon , Pomorski Pawel , Oliver Timothy N. , Vasiliev Juri M. , Jacobson Ken A.
Published: October 2004

Actomyosin‐based cortical contractility is a common feature of eukaryotic cells but the capability to produce rhythmic contractions is found in only a few types such as cardiomyocytes. Mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of this capability remain largely unknown. Rhythmic contractility can be induced in non‐muscle cells by microtubule depolymerization. Spreading epithelial cells and fibroblasts in which microtubules were depolymerized with nocodazole or colcemid underwent rhythmic oscillations of the body that lasted for several hours before the cells acquired a stable, flattened shape. By contrast, control cells spread and flattened into discoid shapes in a smooth and regular manner. Quantitative analysis of the oscillations showed that they have a period of about 50 seconds. The kinase inhibitors, HA 1077 and H7, and the more specific rho‐kinase inhibitor, Y 27632, caused the oscillations to immediately cease and the cells to become flat. Transient increases in cytoplasmic calcium preceded the contractile phase of the oscillations. Wrinkle formation by cells plated on elastic substrata indicated that the contractility of colcemid‐treated cells increased in comparison to controls but was drastically decreased after HA 1077 addition. These data suggest that an intact microtubular system normally prevents pulsations by moderating excessive rho‐mediated actin myosin contractility. Possible mechanistic interactions between rho‐mediated and calcium activated contractile pathways that could produce morphological oscillations are discussed. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 48:235–244, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and functional effects of hydrostatic pressure on centrosomes from vertebrate cells
Authors: Rousselet A. , Euteneuer U. , Bordes N. , Ruiz T. , Hui Bon Hua G. , Bornens M.
Published: October 2004

In an attempt to better understand the role of centrioles in vertebrate centrosomes, hydrostatic pressure was applied to isolated centrosomes as a means to disassemble centriole microtubules. Treatments of the centrosomes were monitored by analyzing their protein composition, ultrastructure, their ability to nucleate microtubules from pure tubulin, and their capability to induce parthenogenetic development of Xenopus eggs. Moderate hydrostatic pressure (95 MPa) already affected the organization of centriole microtubules in isolated centrosomes, and also impaired microtubule nucleation. At higher pressure, the protein composition of the peri‐centriolar matrix (PCM) was also altered and the capacity to nucleate microtubules severely impaired. Incubation of the treated centrosomes in Xenopus egg extract could restore their capacity to nucleate microtubules after treatment at 95 MPa, but not after higher pressure treatment. However, the centriole structure was in no case restored. It is noteworthy that centrosomes treated with mild pressure did not allow parthenogenetic development after injection into Xenopus eggs, even if they had recovered their capacity to nucleate microtubules. This suggested that, in agreement with previous results, centrosomes in which centriole architecture is impaired, could not direct the biogenesis of new centrioles in Xenopus eggs. Centriole structure could also be affected by applying mild hydrostatic pressure directly to living cells. Comparison of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on cells at the G1/S border or on the corresponding cytoplasts suggests that pro‐centrioles are very sensitive to pressure. However, cells can regrow a centriole after pressure‐induced disassembly. In that case, centrosomes eventually recover an apparently normal duplication cycle although with some delay. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 48:262–276, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of the force and torque produced in the calcium response of reactivated rat sperm flagella
Authors: Moritz Mark J. , Schmitz Kathleen A. , Lindemann Charles B.
Published: October 2004

Rat sperm that are demembranated with Triton X‐100 and reactivated with Mg‐ATP show a strong mechanical response to the presence of free calcium ion. At pCa < 4, the midpiece region of the flagellum develops a strong and sustained curvature that gives the cell the overall appearance of a fishhook [Lindemann and Goltz, 1988: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 10:420–431]. In the present study, the force and torque that maintain the calcium‐induced hook have been examined quantitatively. In addition, full‐length and shortened flagella were manipulated to evaluate the plasticity of the hooks and determined the critical length necessary for maintaining the curvature. The hooks were found to be highly resilient, returning to their original configuration (>95%) after being straightened and released. The results from manipulating the shortened flagella suggest that the force holding the hook in the curved configuration is generated in the basal 60 μm of the flagellum. The force required to straighten the calcium‐induced hooks was measured with force‐calibrated glass microprobes, and the bending torque was calculated from the measured force. The force and torque required to straighten the flagellum were found to be proportional to the change in curvature of the hooked region of the flagellum, suggesting an elastic‐like behavior. The average torque to open the hooks to a straight position was 2.6 (±1.4) × 10‐7 dyne × cm (2.6 × 10‐14 N × m) and the apparent stiffness was 4.3 (±1.3) × 10‐10 dyne × cm2 (4.3 × 10‐19 N × m2). The stiffness of the hook was determined to be approximately one quarter the rigor stiffness of a rat sperm flagellum measured under comparable conditions. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:33–40, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of the average burst size of Φx174 am3, cs70 for use in mutation assays with transgenic mice†
Authors: Delongchamp Robert R. , Valentine Carrie R. , Malling Heinrich V.
Published: October 2004

In mutation assays using transgenic mice, with recoverable vectors such as ΦX174 am3, cs70, mutations originate from two sources: (1) in vivo mutations, that is, mutations that were fixed in the mouse, or (2) ex vivo mutations, that is, mutations that were fixed during recovery or plating. When a bacteriophage infects a bacterium, it multiplies and bursts the cell, releasing a number of phages referred to as the burst size. Our method for distinguishing between in vivo mutations and ex vivo mutations estimates the average number of bursts, the denominator of in vivo mutant frequencies, by dividing the total plaque‐forming units (PFU) by the average number of phages in a burst. Herein, we outline a probability model relating observed plaque counts to the burst size and present the statistical method used to estimate the burst size. The average size of a single burst from nonrevertant phages was estimated in eight studies under the conditions of our mutation assay. The average burst size was stable across studies at 182.5 plaques per burst (standard error, 14.25). The probability that a burst is a specific size was approximated by a negative binomial distribution, which implies a Poisson–Pascal distribution for the observed plaque counts. The observed plaque counts were adequately fit by this approximation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:356–360, 2001 Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strain‐dependent susceptibility to MPTP and MPP+‐induced Parkinsonism is determined by glia
Authors: Smeyne Michelle , Goloubeva Olga , Smeyne Richard J.
Published: October 2004

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder that strikes approximately 2% of people over age 50. Current hypotheses propose that the cause of PD is multifactorial, involving environmental agents and genetic predisposition. 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces parkinsonism in many species, including humans and shows strain specificity in mice. The mechanism of strain specificity, however, remains unknown. Using novel chimeric murine substantia nigra cultures, we demonstrate that sensitivity to MPTP is conferred by glia and that it does not involve the MAO‐B conversion of MPTP to MPP+. C57Bl/6J dopaminergic neurons exposed to MPP+ demonstrated a 39% loss when cultured on C57Bl/6J glia compared with 17% neuron loss when cultured on resistant SWR/J glia. Similarly, SWR/J neurons exposed to MPP+ demonstrated a 4% loss when cultured on SWR/J glia, but a 14% loss when cultured on sensitive C57Bl/6J glia. The identification of glia as the critical cell type in the genesis of experimental Parkinsonism provides a target for the development of new anti‐parkinsonian therapies. GLIA 34:73–80, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 4D approach to the analysis of functional brain images: Application to FMRI data
Authors: Ledberg Anders , Fransson Peter , Larsson Jonas , Petersson Karl Magnus
Published: October 2004

This paper presents a new approach to functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) data analysis. The main difference lies in the view of what comprises an observation. Here we treat the data from one scanning session (comprising t volumes, say) as one observation. This is contrary to the conventional way of looking at the data where each session is treated as t different observations. Thus instead of viewing the v voxels comprising the 3D volume of the brain as the variables, we suggest the usage of the vt hypervoxels comprising the 4D volume of the brain‐over‐session as the variables. A linear model is fitted to the 4D volumes originating from different sessions. Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in this model can be performed with standard techniques. The hypothesis testing generates 4D statistical images (SIs) to which any relevant test statistic can be applied. In this paper we describe two test statistics, one voxel based and one cluster based, that can be used to test a range of hypotheses. There are several benefits in treating the data from each session as one observation, two of which are: (i) the temporal characteristics of the signal can be investigated without an explicit model for the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast response function, and (ii) the observations (sessions) can be assumed to be independent and hence inference on the 4D SI can be made by nonparametric or Monte Carlo methods. The suggested 4D approach is applied to FMRI data and is shown to accurately detect the expected signal. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:185–198, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digital Age Dilemma: Can You Make Faster, More Accurate Decisions?
Authors: Friedrich Phil
Published: October 2004

Are you having trouble keeping up with the dizzying number of decisions you have to make—in less and
less time? You're not alone. But how can you make decisions faster and more accurately? The
author has some answers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Shopping for E‐Learning
Authors: Hannas Craig
Published: October 2004

Corporate training for employees and executives is vital in today's quickly changing market. However, it
can be very expensive. But a new solution is revolutionizing corporate training and slashing costs: online
training, or e‐learning. The author explains how it works and gives advice on how to shop for an
e‐learning provider. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ethics and Information Technology: Protecting Your Company and Your Employees
Authors: Stanwick Peter A. , Stanwick Sarah D.
Published: October 2004

Companies that rely heavily on electronic information processing cannot afford an ethical slip.
© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Expanding ERP Application Software: Buy, Lease, Outsource, or Write Your Own?
Authors: Harrell Horace W. , Higgins Leslee , Ludwig Stephen E.
Published: October 2004

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is very popular. But it can be complex and expensive.
Some companies develop their own, in‐house. Others buy, lease, or outsource custom‐designed
solutions. Which choice is right for your company? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
“Thin Client” Technology: Should You Bet Your Company's Future on It?
Authors: Harrast Steven A. , Bean LuAnn
Published: October 2004

As e‐business is forcing radical change on business data centers, proponents of “thin
client” computing are touting its benefits. They claim it can solve a wide range of technical and
logistical problems. But, the authors say that it also helps top management with strategic
decisions,value‐added customer service, data security, and more. © 2001 John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
Earnings per Share: A Review of the New Accounting Standard
Authors: Slavin Nathan , Yun J.K.
Published: October 2004

For the past three years, corporations have been reporting earnings per share under the new accounting rule,
SFAS 128. What are the differences between the new and the old standard? And which industries are most
affected by the potential dilution of earnings for a firm? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
Overcoming the Seven Roadblocks to Successful International Business
Authors: Rosener James D.
Published: October 2004

Even the smallest companies can profit from doing business overseas. But as sales grow, they need help in
overcoming some major barriers. The author explains what these roadblocks are and gives critical insight on how to
overcome them. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How Are Digital Signatures Changing International Business?
Authors: Khan Kamal
Published: October 2004

Digital signatures can help you authenticate the identity of a distant business partner over the Internet. The
author explains the basics and provides a useful checklist for developing your own corporate digital signature
policy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Guide to Global Transfer Pricing Strategy
Authors: Feinschreiber Robert , Kent Margaret
Published: October 2004

Global transfer pricing strategy involves an analytical approach that lets a business control its income tax cost
on a worldwide basis. However, global transfer pricing is a complex topic. The author unravels these mysteries and
guides the reader in negotiating the many twists and turns. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
PwC's Opacity Index: A Powerful New Tool for Global Investors
Authors: Lipsey Roger
Published: October 2004

The PricewaterhouseCoopers Opacity Index has created a stir among global investors. For the first time, you
can rate how “transparent” a country's economy is—how easy it will be for a business
venture to succeed, and what each country's problem areas are. The author explains the details of this
powerful new tool, and how to use it. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Trading with Canada: Are Financial Statements the Same?
Authors: Reinstein Alan , Weirich Thomas R.
Published: October 2004

As a safe first step into global markets, many U.S. firms want to do business with Canadian companies. But
evaluating a Canadian company may require some care. While the two countries are similar, there can be
differences in corporate financial statements, caution the authors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
World Stock Markets: The Battle over Reporting Continues
Authors: Munter Paul
Published: October 2004

Which financial reporting rules should be the norm for the world's stock markets? The politics
around that continue unabated, says the author, who updates us on the convergence of U.S. and international
accounting standards. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Capacity Management: How to Avoid Suboptimal Decisions
Authors: Kren Leslie , Kimmel Paul
Published: October 2004

Managers often calculate fixed costs per unit based on the expected activity for the period. But allocating
fixed costs based on expected activity can result in suboptimal decisions. What is the answer? Focus on
capacity instead. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Perfect Processes
Authors: Pryor Tom
Published: October 2004

Unhappy with the quality of your products or services? Then realize that your processes are perfectly
designed to produce the results you're experiencing today. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
Your Audit Committee: How to Cope with the End of the “Rubber Stamp” Era
Authors: Woodlock Peter , Claypool Gregory
Published: October 2004

Audit committee members at publicly traded firms now have to put their personal seal of approval on annual report financial statements. And this disclosure will appear over the printed name of each committee member. So don't expect your committee to “rubber stamp” top management's figures any more. They may even argue with you. But the way out is to give them confidence that your figures are indeed correct, improving committee oversight. The authors of this article supply a useful series of checklists that will help do that. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Unadjusted Differences: They Won't Just Affect Auditors
Authors: Munter Paul
Published: October 2004

Recent changes mean heavier responsibilities for auditors of public companies' financial statements. But will they also mean new headaches for top management and audit committees? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
What Are the New Guidelines for Auditor Independence?
Authors: Rouse Robert W. , Weirich Thomas R.
Published: October 2004

Can you trust your auditor? Can the public trust your auditor? The SEC was worried enough to issue new guidelines recently. What prompted SEC action? What do the new guidelines say? And what will be their impact? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assurance Services Are a Growth Area
Authors: Hussein Mohamed E.
Published: October 2004

Buckless, Frank A., Mark S. Beasley, Steven M. Glover, and Douglas F. Prawitt. 2000.
Auditing Cases (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice‐Hall); Solomon, Ira, and Mark E. Peecher. 2000.
Assurance Services: An Introduction and Applications, 2nd ed. (Cincinnati, OH: South‐Western College Publishing).
Better product quality: When is it worth the added costs?
Authors: Fink Ross L. , Weinzimmer Laurence G.
Published: October 2004

Doing a cost/benefit analysis? Then you know that it's tough to estimate the value of improvements in product quality. When can you justify the added costs of better processes or materials? The authors have an answer: Use a value function to estimate the value of the improvement. And they show you how to do it. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using the internet for financial reporting
Authors: Hurtt David N. , Kreuze Jerry G. , Langsam Sheldon A.
Published: October 2004

Why are companies using the Internet to distribute financial reports? What kinds of information are they reporting, compared to traditional paper financial statements? How are they doing it? And, finally, what problems and legal obstacles must companies handle? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pooling versus purchase: Let's compromise
Authors: Ketz J. Edward
Published: October 2004

There's a battle over business combination accounting. But why choose between pooling and purchase accounting? The author, who gave written testimony to the Senate Banking Committee, argues that there's a better way. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Constructions for rotational near resolvable block designs
Authors: Abel R. Julian R. , Buratti Marco , Greig Malcolm , Miao Ying
Published: October 2004

A (ν, k, k−1) near resolvable block design (NRBD) is r‐rotational over a group G if it admits G as an automorphism group of order (ν−1)/r fixing exactly one point and acting semiregularly on the others. We give direct and recursive constructions for rotational NRBDs with particular attention to 1‐rotational ones. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 157–181, 2001
Modular sequences and modular Hadamard matrices
Authors: Eliahou Shalom , Kervaire Michel
Published: October 2004

For every n divisible by 4, we construct a square matrix H of size n, with coefficients ± 1, such that H · Ht ≡ nI mod 32. This solves the 32‐modular version of the classical Hadamard conjecture. We also determine the set of lengths of 16‐modular Golay sequences. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 187–214, 2001
Balanced incomplete block designs with block size 8
Authors: Abel R. Julian R. , Bluskov Iliya , Greig Malcolm
Published: October 2004

The necessary conditions for the existence of a balanced incomplete block design on υ ≥ k points, with index λ and block size k, are that:

For k = 8, these conditions are known to be sufficient when λ = 1, with 38 possible exceptions, the largest of which is υ = 3,753. For these 38 values of υ, we show (υ, 8, λ ) BIBDs exist whenever λ > 1 for all but five possible values of υ, the largest of which is υ = 1,177, and these five υ's are the only values for which more than one value of λ is open. For λ>1, we show the necessary conditions are sufficient with the definite exception of two further values of υ, and the possible exception of 7 further values of υ, the largest of which is υ=589. In particular, we show the necessary conditions are sufficient for all λ> 5 and for λ = 4 when υ ≠ 22. We also look at (8, λ) GDDs of type 7m. Our grouplet divisible design construction is also refined, and we construct and exploit α ‐ frames in constructing several other BIBDs. In addition, we give a PBD basis result for {n: n  ≡  0, 1; mod 8, n ≥ 8}, and construct a few new TDs with index > 1. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 233–268, 2001
Existence of (3, 1, 2)‐conjugate orthogonal diagonal latin squares
Authors: Bennett Frank E. , Du Beiliang , Zhang Hantao
Published: October 2004

We shall refer to a diagonal Latin square which is orthogonal to its (3,1,2)‐conjugate, and the latter is also a diagonal Latin square, as a (3,1, 2)‐conjugate orthogonal diagonal Latin square, briefly CODLS. This article investigates the spectrum of CODLS and it is found that it contains all positive integers υ except 2, 3, 6, and possibly 10. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 297–308, 2001
Protein kinase C and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Stariha Rochelle L. , Kim Seung U.
Published: October 2004

Oligodendrocytes (OL) play a significant physiological role in the central nervous system by creating the myelin sheath that allows for the efficient conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, it is important to understand which signalling cascades define the proliferation, differentiation, survival, and myelin formation potential of these cells. Currently, much of the knowledge in this field has focused on two sets of protein kinase signalling molecules: Protein kinase C (PKC) and the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The roles of these kinases in OL are complex, and appear to be highly dependent on the developmental stage of the OL. Even so, some broad conclusions can be drawn from the multitude of experiments conducted on the roles of PKC and MAPKs in OL. For instance, PKC appears to have a proliferative effect on immature OL, while at the same time having an inhibitory effect on OL differentiation. In mature OL, the effects of PKC include increased process extension and myelin formation. The extracellular signal‐regulated (ERK) members of the MAPK family also appear to increase process extensions in mature OL. On the other hand, the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase members of the MAPK family appear to regulate apoptotic events in OL. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:680–688, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axonal degeneration is an early pathological feature in autoimmune‐mediated demyelination in mice
Authors: Onuki Manabu , Ayers Margaret M. , Bernard Claude C.A. , Orian Jacqueline M.
Published: October 2004

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), characterised by focal destruction of myelin. Although it is evident that the immune system contributes to tissue destruction in MS, it is still unclear as to whether this immune response is a cause or a consequence of the disease process. In addition, there is debate over the contribution of axonal damage to clinical progression. We have described a murine model of relapsing‐remitting MS (RR‐MS), the most common form of the disease, following immunisation with the myelin component, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). We showed that a single injection of a MOG peptide (MOG35–55) in NOD/Lt mice induces a paralytic relapsing disease with extensive plaque‐like demyelination. This model also mimics many of the immunological features associated with RR‐MS. To investigate the relationship between clinical episodes, inflammation, and demyelination/remyelination, we analysed lesions during each attack and remission over the course of the disease, using histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopy (EM) techniques. We show that morphological features of lesions in our model resemble those observed in MS. Indeed, severe inflammation and demyelination coincide with the peak of clinical episodes while remissions are characterised by quiescent plaques. Furthermore, axonal damage is evident from the earliest stage of the disease and increases in severity with subsequent relapses. These data establish that in the model of MS‐like disease, the peak of clinical episodes coincides with severe inflammation and demyelination and that axonal pathology correlates with clinical progression. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:731–739, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature quantification using the proton frequency shift technique: In vitro and in vivo validation in an open 0.5 tesla interventional MR scanner during RF ablation
Authors: Botnar René M. , Steiner Paul , Dubno Benjamin , Erhart Peter , von Schulthess Gustav K. , Debatin Jörg F.
Published: October 2004

Open magnetic resonance (MR) scanners allow MR‐guided targeting of tumors, as well as temperature monitoring of radio frequency (RF) ablation. The proton frequency shift (PFS) technique, an accurate and fast imaging method for temperature quantification, was used to synthesize thermal maps after RF ablation in an open 0.5 T MR system under ex vivo and in vivo conditions. Calibration experiments with 1.5% agarose gel yielded a chemical shift factor of 0.011 ± 0.001 ppm/°C (r2 = 0.96). Three gradient echo (GRE) pulse sequences were tested for thermal mapping by comparison with fiberoptic thermometer (Luxtron Model 760) readings. Temperature uncertainty decreased from high to low bandwidths (BW): ±5.9°C at BW = 15.6 kHz, ±1.4°C at BW = 3.9 kHz, and ±0.8°C at BW = 2.5 kHz. In vitro experiments (N = 9) in the paraspinal muscle yielded a chemical shift factor of 0.008 ± 0.001 ppm/°C. Temperature uncertainty was determined as ±2.7°C (BW = 3.9 kHz, TE = 19.3 msec). The same experiments carried out in the paraspinal muscle (N = 9) of a fully anesthetized pig resulted in a temperature uncertainty of ±4.3°C (BW = 3.9 kHz, TE = 19.3 msec), which is higher than it is in vitro conditions (P < 0.15). Quantitative temperature monitoring of RF ablation is feasible in a 0.5 T open‐configured MR scanner under ex vivo and in vivo conditions using the PFS technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:437–444. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal material control in an assembly system with component commonality
Authors: Agrawal Narendra , Cohen Morris A.
Published: October 2004

Allocation of scarce common components to finished product orders is central to the performance of assembly systems. Analysis of these systems is complex, however, when the product master schedule is subject to uncertainty. In this paper, we analyze the cost—service performance of a component inventory system with correlated finished product demands, where component allocation is based on a fair shares method. Such issuing policies are used commonly in practice. We quantify the impact of component stocking policies on finished product delays due to component shortages and on product order completion rates. These results are used to determine optimal base stock levels for components, subject to constraints on finished product service (order completion rates). Our methodology can help managers of assembly systems to (1) understand the impact of their inventory management decisions on customer service, (2) achieve cost reductions by optimizing their inventory investments, and (3) evaluate supplier performance and negotiate contracts by quantifying the effect of delivery lead times on costs and customer service. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48:409–429, 2001
Bayesian inference based on partial monitoring of components with applications to preventive system maintenance
Authors: Gåsemyr Jørund , Natvig Bent
Published: October 2004

Consider a binary, monotone system ofncomponents. The assessment of the parameter vector, θ, of the joint distribution of the lifetimes of the components and hence of the reliability of the system is often difficult due to scarcity of data. It is therefore important to make use of all information in an efficient way. For instance, prior knowledge is often of importance and can indeed conveniently be incorporated by the Bayesian approach. It may also be important to continuously extract information from a system currently in operation. This may be useful both for decisions concerning the system in operation as well as for decisions improving the components or changing the design of similar new systems. As in Meilijson [12], life‐monitoring of some components and conditional life‐monitoring of some others is considered. In addition to data arising from this monitoring scheme, so‐called autopsy data are observed, if not censored. The probabilistic structure underlying this kind of data is described, and basic likelihood formulae are arrived at. A thorough discussion of an important aspect of this probabilistic structure, the inspection strategy, is given. Based on a version of this strategy a procedure for preventive system maintenance is developed and a detailed application to a network system presented. All the way a Bayesian approach to estimation of θ is applied. For the special case where components are conditionally independent given θ with exponentially distributed lifetimes it is shown that the weighted sum of products of generalized gamma distributions, as introduced in Gåsemyr and Natvig [7], is the conjugate prior for θ. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 551–577, 2001.
Reliability of a 2‐dimensional k‐within‐consecutive‐r × s‐out‐of‐m × n:F system
Authors: Akiba Tomoaki , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: October 2004

A 2‐dimensional rectangular (cylindrical) k‐within‐consecutive‐r × s‐out‐of‐m × n:F system is the rectangular (cylindrical) m × n‐system if the system fails whenever k components in a r × s‐submatrix fail. This paper proposes a recursive algorithm for the reliability of the 2‐dimensional k‐within‐consecutive‐r × s‐out‐m × n:F system, in the rectangular case and the cylindrical case. This algorithm requires min (O(mkr(n−s)), O(nks(m−r))), and O(mkrn) computing time in the rectangular case and the cylindrical case, respectively. The proposed algorithm will be demonstrated and some numerical examples will be shown. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 625–637, 2001.
Applying Lanchester's linear law to model the Ardennes campaign
Authors: Chen Patrick S. , Chu Peter
Published: October 2004

In modern warfare, many believe the decisive factor in winning a battle is seizing the right moment to shift from defense to attack, or vice versa. This paper attempts to bring that perspective to Lanchester's differential equations of warfare, and continues the application of Lanchester's linear law to the analysis of the World War II battle of Ardennes, as reported in earlier issues of Naval Research Logistics by Bracken and by Fricker. A new variable, shift time, accounting for the timing of the shift between defense and attack is explicitly included in our version of the model, and it helps obtain improved goodness of fit to historical data. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48:653–661, 2001
Mini‐Review: Morphological changes in the human epileptogenic hippocampus
Authors: Proper E.A. , Hoogland G. , van Veelen C.W.M. , de Graan P.N.E.
Published: October 2004

The availability of surgical tissue from epilepsy patients and the development of different animal models have increased our knowledge about the morphological changes in the epileptogenic brain. In this review we focus on the main morphopathological changes in the hippocampus from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

The pathological substrate most frequently found in patients, suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy is hippocampal sclerosis. The sclerotic hippocampus is characterized by neuronal degeneration, astrogliosis, and granule cell dispersion. Even temporal lobe epilepsy patients with a non‐sclerotic hippocampus suffer from neuronal cell loss. Another important hallmark of the sclerotic hippocampus is the presence of mossy fibre sprouts in the supragranular region of the dentate gyrus. This so called “mossy fibre” sprouting was only observed in the sclerotic hippocampus, and corresponded to the degree of hippocampal sclerosis. Moreover, the demonstration of actively sprouting mossy fibres in the sclerotic hippocampus, indicates that the process of mossy fibre sprouting is still an active, on‐going process in the sclerotic hippocampus, even though these patients have suffered from seizures for many years. This active mossy fibre sprouting could potentially further aggravate the process of neuronal degeneration and astrogliosis. Therefore, it seems important to surgically remove the sclerotic hippocampal tissue in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy as early as possible.
Alkoxyamine‐mediated “living” radical polymerization: MS investigation of the early stages of styrene polymerization initiated by cumyl‐TEISO
Authors: Cresidio Salvacion P. , Aldabbagh Fawaz , Busfield W. Ken , Jenkins Ian D. , Thang San H. , Zayas‐Holdsworth Clovia , Zetterlund Per B.
Published: October 2004

A new series of 1,1,3,3‐tetraethylisoindoline‐2‐oxyl (TEISO)‐based alkoxyamines was prepared. The half‐lives for thermal dissociation indicated that the most sterically congested cumyl‐TEISO alkoxymine had the greatest potential as an initiator for the polymerization of monomers at lower temperatures. The polymerization of styrene at 110 °C gave a linear evolution of Mn with conversion in the early stages. Further evidence for the “living” nature was given by the polydispersities of the polymers that remained low (Mw/Mn = 1.13–1.27) throughout the polymerization (up to 80% conversion). No polymer was formed for the styrene system in a reasonable time below 100 °C. High‐performance liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric investigations of the distribution of trapped oligomers containing one to nine monomer units formed at 60 °C revealed that the trapping of oligomeric cumyl–styryl radicals by TEISO is irreversible at this temperature. Methyl methacrylate polymerized with cumyl‐TEISO at 60–70 °C, although the initial high rates of polymerization soon decreased to zero at low conversions (10–15%), and the high polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.42–1.73) indicated significant side reactions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1232–1241, 2001
Light harvesting and energy transfer within coumarin‐labeled polymers
Authors: Adronov Alex , Robello Douglas R. , Fréchet Jean M. J.
Published: October 2004

Linear copolymers that have pendant coumarin‐2 and coumarin‐343 chromophores were prepared as analogues to previously synthesized light‐harvesting dendrimers. The chromophore ratios within these polymers were maintained similar to those of the various generation dendrimers to investigate the effect of polymer architecture on the energy‐transfer efficiency between the coumarin‐2 donors and coumarin‐343 acceptors. Both physical and photophysical properties of these polymers were analyzed and compared to those of the analogous dendrimers. Energy‐transfer efficiencies were relatively high in the polymers; however, deleterious excimer formation between the coumarin‐343 chromophores diminished the quantum yield of fluorescence of the polymers when compared to the analogous dendrimers. Overall, it was found that the ultimate performance of the dendritic light‐harvesting antennae was superior to that of the polymeric analogues, but the polymers were more practical in terms of synthetic accessibility. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1366–1373, 2001
Block copolymerization of tert‐butyl methacrylate with α,ω‐difunctionalized polystyrene macroiniferter and hydrolysis to amphiphilic block copolymer
Authors: Qin Shu‐Hui , Qiu Kun‐Yuan
Published: October 2004

The block copolymerization of tert‐butyl methacrylate (tBMA) with a difunctionalized polystyrene (PS) macroinitiator was investigated. The polymerizations were performed under UV light irradiation using PS bearing α‐ and ω‐functionalized end groups containing diethyldithiocarbamyl groups as a macroiniferter. Kinetic studies indicate the molecular weights of triblock copolymers increased linearly with the conversion. Block copolymers with different lengths of PtBMA segments were easily prepared by varying the ratio of tBMA and PS macroiniferter or by controlling the monomer conversion. The formations of block copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatographic, 1H NMR, and DSC analyses. PtBMA segments of the triblock copolymer were subsequently hydrolyzed quantitatively to poly(methacrylic acid) segments using concentrated HCl as a catalyst in a refluxing solution of dioxane, and then an amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymer was produced. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1450–1455, 2001
Synthesis and polymerization mechanism of bisacetoacetamides
Authors: Chang Ji Young , Kim Bum Jin , Park Chong Rae , Han Man Jung , Kim Tae Ja , Yun Hoseop
Published: October 2004

Bisacetoacetamides were prepared, and their polymerization was investigated. The acetoacetyl groups were introduced to diamines by the reaction with diketene to give bisacetoacetamides. They were polymerized under high pressure (34.5 MPa) at 200 °C for 30 min to create the crosslinked films. The polymerization mechanism was studied by a model reaction of acetoacetanilide. The model‐reaction results indicated that the polymerization of bisacetoacetamides proceeded by addition reactions of the isocyanates formed as intermediates and in part by condensation reactions between the acetoacetamido groups. The isocyanates also reacted with the urea groups on the polymer chains to form biurets, which would cause crosslinking. In the presence of a diamine, the reaction produced a soluble oligourea. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1456–1462, 2001