bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug repositioning of tranilast to sensitize a cancer therapy by targeting cancer‐associated fibroblast
Authors: Ochi Kosuke , Suzawa Ken , Thu Yin Min , Takatsu Fumiaki , Tsudaka Shimpei , Zhu Yidan , Nakata Kentaro , Takeda Tatsuaki , Shien Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Okazaki Mikio , Sugimoto Seiichiro , Shien Tadahiko , Okamoto Yoshiharu , Tomida Shuta , Toyooka Shinichi
Published: July 2022

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment that mediate resistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. Tranilast is an antiallergic drug that suppresses the release of cytokines from various inflammatory cells. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of tranilast on the interactions between non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and the CAFs in the tumor microenvironment. Three EGFR‐mutant NSCLC cell lines, two KRAS‐mutant cell lines, and three CAFs derived from NSCLC patients were used. To mimic the tumor microenvironment, the NSCLC cells were cocultured with the CAFs in vitro, and the molecular profiles and sensitivity to molecular targeted therapy were assessed. Crosstalk between NSCLC cells and CAFs induced multiple biological effects on the NSCLC cells both in vivo and in vitro, including activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway, promotion of xenograft tumor growth, induction of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and acquisition of resistance to molecular‐targeted therapy, including EGFR‐mutant NSCLC cells to osimertinib and of KRAS‐mutant NSCLC cells to selumetinib. Treatment with tranilast led to inhibition of IL‐6 secretion from the CAFs, which, in turn, resulted in inhibition of CAF‐induced phospho‐STAT3 upregulation. Tranilast also inhibited CAF‐induced EMT in the NSCLC cells. Finally, combined administration of tranilast with molecular‐targeted therapy reversed the CAF‐mediated resistance of the NSCLC cells to the molecular‐targeted drugs, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that combined administration of tranilast with molecular‐targeted therapy is a possible new treatment strategy to overcome drug resistance caused by cancer‐CAF interaction.
The effectiveness of moral disengagement and social norms as anti‐bullying components: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tolmatcheff Chloé , Galand Benoit , Roskam Isabelle , Veenstra René
Published: July 2022

This three‐armed randomized controlled trial examined how moral disengagement and social norms account for change in bullying behavior and their potential as targets of anti‐bullying components within separate interventions among 1200 French‐speaking Belgian elementary students (48% boys, 9–12 year‐olds, 57 classes, nine schools) during 2018–2019 (no ethnicity data available). Mediation analysis revealed that students' moral disengagement successfully decreased (β = −.46), which, in turn, reduced both bullying (β = .33) and outsider behaviors (β = .20), and increased defending (β = −.10). Intervening on social norms decreased bullying (β = −.18), but not through the perceived injunctive class norm as intended. Guidelines to open the “black box” of anti‐bullying programs and determine the cost‐effectiveness ratio of their components are provided.
Protective role of TLR9‐induced macrophage/microglia phagocytosis after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Wei Jialiang , Dai Shuhui , Pu Chen , Luo Peng , Yang Yuefan , Jiang Xiaofan , Li Xia , Lin Wei , Fei Zhou
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes devastating morbidity and mortality, and studies have shown that the toxic components of hematomas play key roles in brain damage after ICH. Recent studies have found that TLR9 participates in regulating the phagocytosis of peripheral macrophages. The current study examined the role of TLR9 in macrophage/microglial (M/M) function after ICH.

Methods

RAW264.7 (macrophage), BV2 (microglia), and HT22# (neurons) cell lines were transfected with lentivirus for TLR9 overexpression. Whole blood from C57BL/6 or EGFPTg/+ mice was infused for phagocytosis and injury experiments, and brusatol was used for the experiments. Intraperitoneal injection of the TLR9 agonist ODN1826 or control ODN2138 was performed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 28 after ICH to study the effects of TLR9 in mice. In addition, clodronate was coinjected in M/M elimination experiments. The brains were collected for histological and protein experiments at different time points after ICH induction. Cellular and histological methods were used to measure hematoma/iron residual, M/Ms variation, neural injury, and brain tissue loss. Behavioral tests were performed premodeling and on days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post‐ICH.

Results

Overexpression of TLR9 facilitated M/M phagocytosis and protected neurons from blood‐derived hazards in vitro. Furthermore, ODN1826 boosted M/M activation and phagocytic function, facilitated hematoma/iron resolution, reduced brain injury, and improved neurological function recovery in ICH mice, which were abolished by clodronate injection. The experimental results indicated that the Nrf2/CD204 pathway participated in TLR9‐induced M/M phagocytosis after ICH.

Conclusion

Our study suggests a protective role for TLR9‐enhanced M/M phagocytosis via the Nrf2/CD204 pathway after ICH. Our findings may serve as potential targets for ICH treatment.
The roles of polymer relaxation phenomena, aqueous dye solubility and the physical properties of water in the mechanism of adsorption of a disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres: Part 3 physical properties of water and water‐derived fibre properties
Authors: Burkinshaw Stephen M. , Liu Kangsheng
Published: July 2022

In the absence of published information regarding the temperature dependency of water‐derived poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibre properties, the findings reported for the thermally regulated interactions between water and 100% amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) materials were interpreted from the perspective of the amorphous domains that reside within semi‐crystalline polyester textile fibres. This analysis suggests that the pronounced temperature dependent uptake of a commercial grade disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric achieved during an aqueous dyeing process at temperatures between 30 and 130°C is the likely result of the combination of three separate, but inherently inter‐related, thermally activated phenomena, namely, polymer structural relaxation, in which polymer glass transition assumes a dominant role, dissolution of disperse dye in the aqueous dyebath, as well as various water–fibre interactions, in the guise of water sorption, water molecule diffusivity, water‐induced swelling and water‐induced plasticisation. Although thermally regulated macromolecular relaxation processes adopt the principal role in dye uptake, temperature dependent dye solubility and water‐derived fibre properties nevertheless likely provide crucially important supportive roles.
Separate and combined effect of visit‐to‐visit glycaemic variability and mean fasting blood glucose level on all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Liu Yahang , Xu Huilin , Li Jun , Yang Yating , Zhang Jie , Liu Xiaoqin , Li Jiong , Yu Yongfu , Qin Guoyou
Published: July 2022

Aims

To assess the independent and combined impacts of visit‐to‐visit fasting blood glucose variability (VVV‐FBG) and mean fasting blood glucose level (M‐FBG) on all‐cause mortality.

Materials and methods

This prospective cohort study included 48 843 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association of VVV‐FBG and M‐FBG with all‐cause mortality. The potential nonlinear associations were examined using restricted cubic splines, and additive interaction was evaluated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Cox generalized additive models (CGAMs) and bivariate response surface models were further used to assess the combined effects of VVV‐FBG and M‐FBG.

Results

A total of 4087 deaths were observed during a median follow‐up of 6.99 years. Compared with patients with values at the 5th percentile of average real variability (ARV) and M‐FBG, we observed a 23% and 38% increased risk of premature deaths among those with values at the 95th percentile of ARV (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10, 1.37) and M‐FBG (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.26, 1.51), respectively. The interaction between glycaemic variability (ARV) and M‐FBG was significant on both the additive scale (RERI 0.80 [0.29, 1.32]) and the multiplicative scale (HR 1.90 [1.10, 3.28]). High VVV‐FBG and high M‐FBG conferred the highest risk of all‐cause mortality (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.64, 2.17), compared to low VVV‐FBG and low M‐FBG. The CGAMs showed significant synergistic effects between glycaemic variability and M‐FBG (P < 0.05). Moreover, a bivariate surface plot showed that risk of death increased more rapidly in type 2 diabetes patients with lower M‐FBG combined with lower VVV‐FBG.

Conclusions

The coexistence of high glycaemic variability and high glucose level might exacerbate the independent risk of premature mortality in type 2 diabetes patients, highlighting the importance of achieving normal and stable glucose levels simultaneously in the management of glucose.
Post‐fire recovery of soil microbial functions is promoted by plant growth
Authors: Garcia‐Pausas Jordi , Romanyà Joan , Casals Pere
Published: July 2022

Forest fires can alter the biological properties of soils. There is increasing evidence that fires cause a shift in soil microbial communities, which play a central role in forest carbon and nutrient cycling. In this study, we evaluate the effect of soil heating on soil microbial functions. We hypothesised that fire reduces the catabolic functional diversity of soil, and that post‐fire plant growth enhances its recovery. To test this, we experimentally heated a forest soil at 200°C (T200) or 450°C (T450). Heated and unheated soils were then incubated in tubs with or without live grass (Lolium perenne L.). We determined the functional profiles by measuring the substrate‐induced respiration (SIR) using the Microresp™ technique and analysed nutrient availability at the end of the incubation. At both temperatures, soil heating altered the respiration responses to substrate additions and the catabolic functional diversity of soils. Functional diversity was initially reduced in T200 soils but recovered at the end of the incubation. In contrast, T450 soils initially maintained the catabolic functional diversity, but decreased at the end of the incubation. Heating‐induced nutrient availability stimulated the growth of grass, which in turn increased the response to several substrates and increased the functional diversity to values similar to the unheated controls. Our results suggest that fire‐driven alteration of soil microbial communities has consequences at a functional level, and that the recovery of plant communities enhances the recovery of soil microbial functions.

Highlights

Soil experimental heating altered microbial functions and reduced soil functional diversity.

Soil heating also increased nutrient availability, enhancing plant growth.

Growth of plants promoted the recovery of soil functional diversity.

Post‐fire recovery of functional diversity may be related to the recovery of photosynthetic tissues.
Effects of foliar spraying of selenate at different time points on selenium concentration in wheat grains during grain filling period
Authors: Li Qiannan , Chen Menglin , Li Xinxin , Wang Youkai , Zhu Qing , Gao Songna , Wang Junpei , Wang Ying , Yu Feiyan , Wang Xugang , Huo Ke , Zhang Lianhe
Published: July 2022

Foliar spraying of selenium (Se) during the wheat grain filling period can effectively increase grain Se concentration. However, it is unclear when foliar spraying Se can efficiently increase grain Se concentration. In this study, 0, 18.90, 37.80 and 56.70 g/ha of selenate were sprayed on the leaf blades on the 2nd and 9th day after grain filling, respectively, to investigate the effect of different spraying time points on Se concentration in aerial parts, especially the grains. The results indicated that Se concentrations in aerial parts increased with selenate levels at different time points. On the 7th day after spraying Se, Se concentrations in leaf blades, leaf sheaths, nodes, internodes and cobs sprayed with Se on the 2nd day after grain filling were significantly higher than those in corresponding parts sprayed with Se on the 9th day (p < 0.05). However, the Se concentrations of aerial parts on the 14th day after spraying Se and at grain maturity on the 2nd day after grain filling were significantly lower than those on the 7th day after spraying Se on the 9th day (p < 0.05). Furthermore, on the 7th day and 14th day after spraying Se and at grain maturity, grain Se concentrations sprayed with Se on the 2nd day after grain filling were significantly lower than those sprayed with Se on the 9th day (p < 0.05). These results suggested that spraying Se on the 9th day after grain filling was beneficial for increasing the Se concentration in aerial parts, especially grains. This study provides a theoretical basis for efficiently enhancing grain Se concentration and producing Se‐enriched bran and straw, which is of great significance for improving Se intake of livestock, enhancing livestock immunity, and promoting the development of animal husbandry.
Histopathological risk factors for malignancy in dermatomyositis
Authors: Pruessmann Wiebke , Kleinheinz Andreas , Zillikens Detlef , Rose Christian
Published: July 2022

Aims

To identify possible histopathological risk factors for malignancy in skin biopsies of dermatomyositis patients.

Methods and results

We analysed clinical metadata and studied 30 skin biopsies of 11 patients with and 12 patients without associated malignancy, who were treated in one secondary and one tertiary German medical centre between 2009 and 2022 and fulfilling the EULAR/ACR classification criteria for dermatomyositis. Specimens were categorized by malignancy status and evaluated based on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue, and anti‐CD123 immunohistochemistry stains. After correcting for multiple testing, biopsies of patients with cancer exhibited more severe basement membrane thickening (P < 0.05) and pigment incontinence (P < 0.05) compared to patients without tumour burden. Patients with numerous subepidermal melanophages had a more than 5‐times increased odds ratio to suffer from an internal malignancy (odds ratio [OR] 5.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–54.2, P < 0.05). Furthermore, specimens of the malignancy group presented a distinct superficial distribution pattern of CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs, P < 0.01). Extravascular eosinophils were absent in all cases.

Conclusion

Severity of basement membrane thickening, extent of pigment incontinence, and superficial distribution pattern of CD123+ PDCs could serve as useful histopathological indicators of risk for malignancy in dermatomyositis.
Prostatic malakoplakia: clinicopathological assessment of a multi‐institutional series of 49 patients
Authors: Acosta Andres M , Sangoi Ankur R , Maclean Fiona , Trpkov Kiril , Osunkoya Adeboye O , Collins Katrina , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Hirsch Michelle S , Chan Emily , Tretiakova Maria , Mohanty Sambit K , Kaushal Seema , Cornejo Kristine M , Aron Manju , Quiroga‐Garza Gabriela , Arora Kanika , Nguyen Jane K , Williamson Sean R , Epstein Jonathan I , Matoso Andres
Published: July 2022

Prostatic malakoplakia (MP) is rare, with only case reports and small series (< five patients) available in the literature. In this study we analysed an international multi‐institutional series of 49 patients with prostatic MP to more clearly define its clinicopathological features. The median age was 67 years and the median serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was 7.5 ng/ml. MP was clinically manifest in most cases (28 of 45 patients with data available, 62%). Of 43 patients with detailed clinical history available, 21 (49%) had concurrent or metachronous malignancies (including prostate cancer). Diabetes or insulin resistance was present in 11 patients (26%). Additionally, three patients had a history of solid organ transplantation and one had HIV. Of note, six of 34 patients (18%) without concurrent prostate cancer had an abnormal digital rectal examination and/or lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with prostate imaging reporting and data system (PIRADS) scores 4–5. The initial diagnosis was made on core biopsies (25 of 49, 51%), transurethal resection specimens (12 of 49, 24%), radical prostatectomies (10 of 49, 20%), Holmium‐laser enucleation (one of 49, 2%) and cystoprostatectomy (one of 49, 2%). Tissue involvement was more commonly diffuse or multifocal (40 of 49, 82%). Von Kossa and periodic acid‐Schiff stains were positive in 35 of 38 (92%) and 26 of 27 lesions (96%), respectively. Of note, two cases were received in consultation by the authors with a preliminary diagnosis of mesenchymal tumour/tumour of the specialised prostatic stroma. The present study suggests that prostatic MP is often associated with clinical findings that may mimic those of prostate cancer in a subset of patients. Moreover, MP may be found incidentally in patients with concurrent prostate cancer.
Recovery of the phenolic compounds from artificial cultivated Sanghuangporus vaninii using a green method and biological properties of phenolic extract in vitro
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Lv Guoying , Song Tingting , Chen Chun , Zhang Zuofa , Cai Weiming
Published: July 2022

Modern research has demonstrated that Sanghuangporus vaninii (S. vaninii) has significant therapeutic value, and phenolic compounds are one of its most active ingredients. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used to extract the phenolic components from S. vaninii using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were obtained with a water content of 20%, a material‐to‐liquid ratio of 1:60 g mL−1, an extraction temperature of 70°C and an extraction time of 34 min. Under these conditions, the total phenolic content reached 9.71 ± 0.69 mg g−1, which was higher than the conventional method (4.23 ± 0.44 mg g−1). The phenolic extract was then purified by HPD‐100, and the purified phenolic extracts exhibited distinct antioxidant, antibacterial and hypoglycaemic activities. Twenty‐five phenolic compounds were identified using UPLC‐Triple‐TOF‐MS/MS. These data implied that the integrated action of the identified phenolic compounds had a decisive influence on the biological activity of the extracts, and this study furnished the basis for the utilisation of S. vaninii.
Nutritional composition and in vitro starch digestibility of Banku flour processed from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root and quality protein maize grains
Authors: Ogundele Gabriel F. , Adebayo Tesleem K. , Adeyanju Adeyemi A. , Bamidele Oluwaseun P.
Published: July 2022

A significant public health problem in developing countries is protein energy malnutrition. The current study looked at the effect of incorporating high‐quality protein maize flour into blends of cassava root flour on nutrient composition, functional properties and sensory attributes of Banku flour. The Banku flour's proximate composition, functional properties, pasting qualities, in vitro starch digestibility, as well as sensory characteristics, were determined. The outcomes demonstrated that the addition of quality protein maize enhanced the protein content (from 5.96% to 13.11%), water absorption capacity (from 98.32% to 164.23%) and swelling capacity from (46.47% to 95.65%) of the flour. Also, peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity and final viscosity increased by 27.6%, 25% and 61.2 respectively. A rise in resistant starch and a decline in rapidly digestible starch were both observed in the in vitro starch digestibility of the Banku flour formulation that contained high‐quality protein maize flour. Overall, the Banku flour produced from a blend of high‐quality protein maize flour and cassava root flour outperformed the control sample. Consequently, Banku's nutritional quality can be enhanced by using high‐quality protein maize.
Reduction of the refining‐conching time of Peruvian dark chocolate: a case study
Authors: Valverde‐Ayllon Maria C. , Chire‐Fajardo Gabriela Cristina , Ureña‐Peralta Milber Oswaldo
Published: July 2022

The refining‐conching stage is crucial in the chocolate manufacturing process for the development of sensory and quality characteristics. However, this stage requires the longest amount of operation time. Thus, the objective of this research was to reduce the refining‐conching time of dark chocolate in a Macintyre refiner/conche in a Peruvian medium‐scale chocolate company. Physical properties of chocolate samples as particle size (by micrometer (PSM) and image analyis (PSIA)), flow behaviour (plastic viscosity (PV) and yield stress (YS)) were determined every 2 h during a total refining‐conching operation time of 20 h. After 12 h, no significant differences were found in those physical properties. Moisture content and a particle size distribution (PSD) percentile DV50 were also measured. Moisture content was measured at the beginning (0 h), at the end of the conventional (20 h) and at the reduced processing time (12 h). Additionally, a sensory evaluation was performed by a trained panel to compare chocolates obtained at a reduced (12 h) and conventional (20 h) refining‐conching times, and no significant differences were found (P < 0.05). These results represented a total reduction time of 8 h for the refining‐conching of dark chocolate.
Falls risk screening tools intended to reduce fall risk among independent community‐dwelling older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Ong Mei Fong , Soh Kim Lam , Saimon Rosalia , Myint Wai Wai , Pawi Saloma , Saidi Hasni Idayu
Published: July 2022

Aims

The aim of this study is to evaluate an evidence‐based fall risk screening tool to predict the risk of falls suitable for independent community‐dwelling older adults guided by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO‐ICF) components, and to examine the reliability and validity of the fall risk screening tool to predict fall risks, and to examine the feasibility of tools among independent community‐dwelling older adults.

Methods

A systematic literature search guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement was performed using the EBSCOHost® platform, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar between July and August 2021. Studies from January 2010 to January 2021 were eligible for review. Nine articles were eligible and included in this systematic review. The risk of bias assessment used the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross‐sectional studies. The WHO‐ICF helped to guide the categorization of fall risk factors.

Results

Seven screening tools adequately predicted fall risk among community‐dwelling older adults. Six screening tools covered most of the components of the WHO‐ICF, and three screening tools omitted the environmental factors. The modified 18‐item Stay Independent Brochure demonstrated most of the predictive values in predicting fall risk. All tools are brief and easy to use in community or outpatient settings.

Conclusion

The review explores the literature evaluating fall risk screening tools for nurses and other healthcare providers to assess fall risk among independent community‐dwelling older adults. A fall risk screening tool consisting of risk factors alone might be able to predict fall risk. However, further refinements and validations of the tools before use are recommended.
Instruments used to measure dating violence: A systematic review of psychometric properties
Authors: Tarriño‐Concejero Lorena , Gil‐García Eugenia , Barrientos‐Trigo Sergio , García‐Carpintero‐Muñoz María de los Ángeles
Published: July 2022

Aims

To identify, synthesize and evaluate the psychometric properties of instruments that measure dating violence (DV).

Design

Psychometric systematic literature review.

Data Sources

The databases SCOPUS, PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched up to December 2021.

Review Method

We evaluated the psychometric properties of the instruments included and their methodological quality using the Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist and Terwee's quality criteria. The Modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to rate the best available evidence. The entire process was carried out by three independent reviewers. The review was registered at PROSPERO (registry number CRD42020161137).

Results

A total of 35 studies evaluated 29 instruments measuring DV. Most studies reported data on content validity, structural validity and internal consistency. No studies tested measurement error and responsiveness. Only one instruments tested cross‐cultural validity. It is of interest that the data reported for content validity were the worst evaluated, despite the fact that content validity is one of the key properties in developing and validating the measuring instrument.

Conclusions

There are a significant number of instruments published in this field, and it is important to evaluate and show their psychometric properties to help select evidence‐based instruments. After carrying out the evaluation following the COSMIN guidelines, the authors of this study recommend that the three most suitable instruments are CADRI, WAS/Chinese version and PMWI‐SF/Portuguese version (in that order).

Impact

Identifying and evaluating DV is the first step in designing effective interventions. To achieve this, it is necessary to have validated instruments with suitable psychometric properties. To date, this is the only published systematic review evaluating the psychometric properties of instruments that measure DV which reports on their methodological qualities. The results we found show a growing trend in developing new instruments, with the most suitable approach being to make a cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the instrument that best suits the value to be measured. In this way, data can be compared between different countries and standardized health care plans and policies designed to achieve better health outcomes. This study may help future researchers to choose the most suitable instrument for their research.
Recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor improves root coverage of a collagen matrix for multiple adjacent gingival recessions: A triple‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , Barootchi Shayan , Rodriguez Maria Vera , Mancini Leonardo , Majzoub Jad , Travan Suncica , Sugai Jim , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Kripfgans Oliver , Wang Hom‐Lay , Giannobile William V.
Published: July 2022

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor (rhPDGF)‐BB combined with a cross‐linked collagen matrix (CCM) for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recession type 1 defects (MAGRs) in combination with the coronally advanced flap (CAF).

Materials and Methods

Thirty patients were enrolled in this triple‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial and treated with either CAF + CCM + rhPDGF, or CAF + CCM + saline. The primary outcome was mean root coverage (mRC) at 6 months. Complete root coverage, gain in gingival thickness (GT), keratinized tissue width, volumetric and ultrasonographic changes, and patient‐reported outcome measures were also assessed. Mixed‐modelling regression analyses were used for statistical comparisons.

Results

At 6 months, the mRC of the CCM + rhPDGF and CCM alone groups were 88.25% and 77.72%, respectively (p = .02). A significant gain in GT was consistently observed for both treatment arms, and more so for the patients receiving the matrix containing rhPDGF through time (0.51 vs. 0.80 mm, on average, p = .01). The rhPDGF + CCM treated patients presented greater volume gain, higher soft tissue thickness, and a superior aesthetic score.

Conclusion

rhPDGF enhances the clinical, volumetric, and aesthetic outcomes of MAGRs above the results achieved with CAF + CCM alone (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04462237).
Characteristics and in vitro anti skin aging activity andUVradiation protection of morin loaded in niosomes
Authors: Mohamadi Neda , Soltanian Sara , Raeiszadeh Mahboobeh , moeinzadeh Mahtab , Ohadi Mandana , Sharifi Fatemeh , Pardakhty Abbas , Sharififar Fariba
Published: July 2022

Background

One of the dermatologic problems in elderly people is skin aging, which is a natural and complex biological process. Morin is a flavonoid with high radical scavenging activity as well as antityrosinase effects but its low water solubility has restricted its application.

Aims

This research aimed to develop, characterize, and optimize morin niosomes composed of non‐ionic surfactants, and evaluate the in vitro UV protection and antiaging effectiveness.

Methods

Niosomes were prepared by the film hydration method with sorbitan monostearate (Span® 40), polyoxyethylenesorbitan monopalmitate (Tween® 40), and cholesterol. The niosomes were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, morphology, in vitro release behavior, and drug entrapment efficiency (EE). Afterward, antiaging activity, including antityrosinase, antioxidant, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and sun protection factor (SPF) were evaluated.

Results

The optimized niosomes appeared as unilamellar vesicles with a spherical shape, with size, zeta potential, and EE values of 6.13 ± 0.40 μm, −0.81 ± 0.32 mV, and 89.35% ± 2.80%, respectively. The noisome formulation remained stable at −4°C for 3 months. The release profiles of morin loaded in niosomes revealed the extended release over 8 h and followed zero‐order release kinetics. Morin‐loaded niosomes exhibited no significant toxicity toward the L929 cell line. The niosome loaded with morin showed anti skin aging activity, including antityrosinase effects (IC50 = 13.17 ± 1.58 μg/ml), antioxidant (IC50 = 28.49 ± 2.05 μg/ml), and ROS scavenging activity. For 1% and 5% (w/w) morin niosomes in eucerin base cream, the SPF was 39.03 ± 1.01 and 38.15 ± 0.82, respectively, whereas the noisome‐free morin cream exhibited an SPF of 4.47 ± 0.56.

Conclusion

Morin‐loaded niosome has been shown to provide sun protection and antiaging effects, suggesting that it could be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
Role of Salmonella Newport cell surface structures on bacterial attachment and transfer during cucumber peeling
Authors: Jung J. , Schaffner D.W.
Published: July 2022

Fresh cucumbers have been recognized as a vehicle in foodborne disease outbreaks since several multistate outbreaks of salmonellosis linked to fresh cucumbers occurred in the United States. Little is known about how microbial cell surface characteristics that are known to affect adhesion can influence bacterial cross-contamination and transfer. This study investigated the role of S. Newport cell surface components on bacterial attachment and transfer in cucumbers. Wild type Salmonella Newport and its transposon mutants were used to inoculate cucumbers. Attachment strength of S. Newport wild type to cucumber was not significantly different than that of mutants. Log10 percent transfer of mutant strains to edible flesh was not different from the wild type. Significantly less wild type Salmonella remained on the peel and transferred to the peeler than one mutant did, but not the other. Our results suggest that while curli and cellulose enhance Salmonella attachment to surface of cucumbers, there appear to be other mechanisms and factors that govern Salmonella transfer in cucumbers.
An ABA‐serotonin module regulates root suberization and salinity tolerance
Authors: Lu Hai‐Ping , Gao Qing , Han Jian‐Pu , Guo Xiao‐Hao , Wang Qing , Altosaar Illimar , Barberon Marie , Liu Jian‐Xiang , Gatehouse Angharad M. R. , Shu Qing‐Yao
Published: July 2022

Suberin in roots acts as a physical barrier preventing water/mineral losses. In Arabidopsis, root suberization is regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene in response to nutrient stresses. ABA also mediates coordination between microbiota and root endodermis in mineral nutrient homeostasis. However, it is not known whether this regulatory system is common to plants in general, and whether there are other key molecule(s) involved.

We show that serotonin acts downstream of ABA in regulating suberization in rice and Arabidopsis and negatively regulates suberization in rice roots in response to salinity. We show that ABA represses transcription of the key gene (OsT5H) in serotonin biosynthesis, thus promoting root suberization in rice. Conversely, overexpression of OsT5H or supplementation with exogenous serotonin represses suberization and reduces tolerance to salt stress.

These results identify an ABA‐serotonin regulatory module controlling root suberization in rice and Arabidopsis, which is likely to represent a general mechanism as ABA and serotonin are ubiquitous in plants.

These findings are of significant importance to breeding novel crop varieties that are resilient to abiotic stresses and developing strategies for production of suberin‐rich roots to sequestrate more CO2, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Memory modulations through musical pleasure
Authors: Ferreri Laura , Rodriguez‐Fornells Antoni
Published: July 2022

Music, thanks to its strong evocative power, is considered a powerful mnemonic tool for both normal and clinical populations. However, the mechanisms underpinning the music‐driven benefits on memory remain unclear. In memory research, reward dopaminergic signals have been highlighted as a major modulator of memory traces consolidation. Over the last years, via behavioral and pharmacological approaches, we have investigated the hypothesis that dopaminergic‐dependent musical pleasure is a crucial mechanism underpinning music‐driven memory benefits. Our results show that the pleasure felt during music listening, modulated by both the dopaminergic transmission and participants’ sensitivity to music reward, can increase episodic memory performance for the music itself as well as for nonmusical‐associated information. In this commentary paper, we aim to review the main findings obtained from three different studies, in order to discuss current advances and future directions in this research area.
Multiple comparison of different noninvasive brain stimulation and pharmacologic interventions in patients with methamphetamine use disorders: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wu Ming‐Kung , Satogami Kazumi , Liang Chih‐Sung , Stubbs Brendon , Carvalho Andre F. , Brunoni Andre R. , Su Kuan‐Pin , Tu Yu‐Kang , Wu Yi‐Cheng , Chen Tien‐Yu , Li Dian‐Jeng , Lin Pao‐Yen , Hsu Chih‐Wei , Chen Yen‐Wen , Suen Mein‐Woei , Zeng Bing‐Yan , Takahashi Shun , Tseng Ping‐Tao , Li Cheng‐Ta
Published: July 2022

Aim

In recent decades, the prevalence of amphetamine and methamphetamine use disorders has at least doubled in some regions/countries, with accompanying high risks of drug overdose‐associated mortality. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods may be effective treatments. However, the comparative efficacy of the NIBS protocol for amphetamine/methamphetamine use disorder (AUD/MUD) remains unknown to date. The aim of this network meta‐analysis (NMA) was to compare the efficacy and acceptability of various NIBS methods/protocols for AUD/MUD management.

Methods

A frequentist model‐based NMA was conducted. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of NIBS and guideline‐recommended pharmacologic treatments to reduce craving severity in patients with either AUD or MUD.

Results

Twenty‐two RCTs including 1888 participants met the eligibility criteria. Compared with the sham/placebo group (study = 19, subjects = 891), a combination of intermittent theta burst stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and continuous TBS over the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (study = 1, subjects = 19) was associated with the largest decreases in craving severity [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −1.50; 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) = −2.70 to −0.31]. High‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left DLPFC was associated with the largest improvements in depression and quality of sleep (study = 3, subjects = 86) (SMD = −2.48; 95%CIs = −3.25 to −1.71 and SMD = −2.43; 95%CIs = −3.38 to −1.48, respectively). The drop‐out rate of most investigated treatments did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusion

The combined TBS protocol over the prefrontal cortex was associated with the greatest improvement in craving severity. Since few studies were available for inclusion, additional large‐scale randomized controlled trials are warranted.
The effect of the 2009 WIC revision on maternal and child health: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Pulvera Richard , Collin Daniel F. , Hamad Rita
Published: July 2022

Background

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the largest U.S. nutrition program for low‐income pregnant women. It was revised in 2009, with the goal of improving nutritional content of food packages, enhancing nutrition education, and strengthening breast feeding support. Few studies have assessed the effects of this revision on perinatal health.

Objectives

To investigate the impact of the revised WIC program on maternal and child health in a large, multi‐state data set.

Methods

We conducted a quasi‐experimental difference‐in‐differences analysis, comparing the pre/post changes among WIC recipients to changes among non‐recipients. We adjusted for key sociodemographic covariates in multivariable linear models. We used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) for 18 states from 2004 to 2017.

Results

The main analysis included 331,946 mother‐infant dyads. WIC recipients were more likely to be younger, Black or Hispanic/Latina, unmarried, and of greater parity. The revised WIC program was associated with reduced likelihood of more‐than‐recommended GWG (−1.29% points, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.03, −0.56) and increased likelihood of ever breast fed (1.18% points, 95% CI 0.28, 2.08). We also identified heterogeneous effects on GWG, with more pronounced associations among women 35 and older. There were no associations with foetal growth.

Conclusions

The revised WIC program was associated with improvements in women's gestational weight gain and infant breast feeding.
Avian translocations restore dual interaction networks in an island ecosystem
Authors: Lim Ganges , Burns Kevin C.
Published: July 2022

Many island bird species have been driven to extinction by introduced predators. Although poorly understood, these extinctions could have a 2‐fold impact on bird–plant mutualisms, because island bird species can serve as both pollinators and seed dispersers. We investigated how avian translocations into a mammal‐free reserve in New Zealand affected the structure of bird–flower and bird–fruit interactions. We observed bird–fruit and bird–flower interactions over a 9‐year period to establish (1) the extent to which native birds are both nectivorous and frugivorous (i.e. “dual mutualists”) and (2) how avian translocations and conservation reestablished nectivory and frugivory networks. Results showed that all but one native bird species were dual mutualists. Pairwise species interaction frequencies were positively correlated between networks. However, overall levels of nectivory by each bird species were unrelated to levels of frugivory. Interaction specialization and species strength also did not differ between networks. The reintroduction of threatened and endangered bird species appeared to have restored both interaction networks, and the sequence of species recovery accelerated restorative changes. Overall results indicate that not only does the extinction of dual mutualists have a 2‐fold, negative effect on mutualistic interactions with plants, they can also accelerate the recovery of ecosystem services following restoration efforts.
Seismic roulette: Hazards and risks
Authors: Kossobokov Vladimir , Panza Giuliano
Published: July 2022

The Neo Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (NDSHA) is the innovative multi‐disciplinary scenario‐physics‐based approach for the evaluation of seismic hazard and risks. When an earthquake occurs, the ground shaking does not depend on its likelihood according to the widespread Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA), which estimates are too often wrong. An “unlikely” earthquake can occur at any time and, sooner or later, with 100% probability. Therefore, from a perspective of safety, it is essential that infrastructure and public installations are designed so as to resist future strong earthquakes. NDSHA has proven to both reliably and realistically simulate comprehensive sets of hazardous ground motions in many regions worldwide. Today NDSHA is gaining momentum in spreading worldwide an innovative Paradigm of Reliable Seismic Hazard Assessment (RSHA) that should ultimately change mind‐sets of scientific and engineering communities from disbelief in probabilistic forecasting to optimistic challenging issues of neo‐deterministic predictability of Natural Hazards and Risks.
Evolution of mitochondrial RNA editing in extant gymnosperms
Authors: Wu Chung‐Shien , Chaw Shu‐Miaw
Published: July 2022

To unveil the evolution of mitochondrial RNA editing in gymnosperms, we characterized mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), plastid genomes, RNA editing sites, and pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins from 10 key taxa representing four of the five extant gymnosperm clades. The assembled mitogenomes vary in gene content due to massive gene losses in Gnetum and Conifer II clades. Mitochondrial gene expression levels also vary according to protein function, with the most highly expressed genes involved in the respiratory complex. We identified 9132 mitochondrial C‐to‐U editing sites, as well as 2846 P‐class and 8530 PLS‐class PPR proteins. Regains of editing sites were demonstrated in Conifer II rps3 transcripts whose corresponding mitogenomic sequences lack introns due to retroprocessing. Our analyses reveal that non‐synonymous editing is efficient and results in more codons encoding hydrophobic amino acids. In contrast, synonymous editing, although performed with variable efficiency, can increase the number of U‐ending codons that are preferentially utilized in gymnosperm mitochondria. The inferred loss‐to‐gain ratio of mitochondrial editing sites in gymnosperms is 2.1:1, of which losses of non‐synonymous editing are mainly due to genomic C‐to‐T substitutions. However, such substitutions only explain a small fraction of synonymous editing site losses, indicating distinct evolutionary mechanisms. We show that gymnosperms have experienced multiple lineage‐specific duplications in PLS‐class PPR proteins. These duplications likely contribute to accumulated RNA editing sites, as a mechanistic correlation between RNA editing and PLS‐class PPR proteins is statistically supported.
Prevención del daño en el seguro de responsabilidad civil
Authors:   , López Villamarín Oscar Alirio
Published: July 2022

La responsabilidad civil y el seguro de responsabilidad civil son instituciones que históricamente se han influenciado en forma recíproca. Particularmente, la evolución normativa de la responsabilidad civil se hace notoria en la bifurcación que plantea el moderno derecho de daños, que en uno de sus ramales ubica a la tutela resarcitoria que no es otra cosa que la tradicional responsabilidad civil orientada eminentemente a la reparación de un daño ya irrogado, y en el otro, la tutela inhibitoria del daño que concibe un escenario más favorable en tanto que su accionar apunta a la prevención o evitación del daño. En este orden de ideas, el trabajo analiza la procedencia de admitir en el seguro de responsabilidad civil, coberturas orientadas al reembolso de gastos de prevención, -desde luego, que no refiere a cualquier clase de daño- sino a uno de carácter inminente. Esto es, que de no actuarse en forma oportuna y efectiva, indefectiblemente sobrevendría la realización del riesgo asegurado, pues, se habría materializado el hecho dañino imputable al asegurado donde consecuencialmente nace la fuente de obligación del asegurador de reparar a las víctimas de consolidarse jurídicamente la responsabilidad de su asegurado. La tesis examina temas como: el derecho de daños, la tutela inhibitoria y la resarcitoria, la evolución de la responsabilidad civil y del seguro de responsabilidad civil, la administración de riesgos y finalmente el reembolso de gastos de prevención en el seguro de responsabilidad civil.
Aspectos clínicos asociados a fisuras orofaciales sindrómicas en una población colombiana
Authors:   , Arias Urueña Liliana Andrea
Published: July 2022

Determinar la asociación entre Fisuras Orofaciales (FOF) forma sindrómica y condiciones de alto riesgo antenatal, prematuridad y comorbilidades, en un grupo de pacientes evaluados en la Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia. Comprobar mediante secuenciación exómica algunos casos de FOF sindrómica y/o múltiple familiar.
Etiología de la infección respiratoria aguda (IRA) en adultos mayores de 60 años de un centro de atención geriátrica en Bogotá
Authors:   , Beltrán Suárez Karent Julieth
Published: July 2022

La infección respiratoria aguda está dentro de las cinco primeras causas de consultas médicas y de morbilidad en Colombia. Los adultos mayores presentan algunas características fisiológicas e inmunológicas que los hacen más susceptibles a las enfermedades respiratorias. El propósito de este estudio fue conocer la etiología de las infecciones respiratorias en adultos mayores de 60 años de un centro geriátrico. Se estudiaron 71 pacientes que presentaban infección respiratoria aguda. La neumonía y el resfriado común fueron las infecciones respiratorias más frecuentes en el centro geriátrico. La etiología bacteriana representó el 57,1% de los casos siendo K. pneumoniae y S. aureus los microorganismos bacterianos más frecuentes.
Enfoque del diseño y operación de la acción intersectorial en salud en Bogotá (2012-2016)
Authors:   , Duque Sandoval María Juliana , Miranda Ochoa Marcela Judith
Published: July 2022

El interés de esta investigación fue conocer a fondo la AIS en la capital de Colombia desde las dos administraciones anteriores, los resultados obtenidos por estas y lo que propone la nueva gerencia. El objetivo general de esta investigación fue analizar el enfoque del diseño y la operación de la AIS establecida por el gobierno de Bogotá para el período 2012-2016, tomando como referencia las acciones realizadas por las dos alcaldías precedentes con la estrategia de APS y la reforma al sistema de SGSSS de Colombia según la ley 1438/2011. Se realizó un análisis de enfoque cualitativo, retrospectivo, comparativo y transversal, haciendo uso del estudio de casos de tipo único proyecto piloto Nuevo modelo de atención en salud desarrollado en la localidad de Bosa . El análisis de la información se apoyó en la metodología de la teoría fundamentada con la pretensión de construir un cuerpo argumentativo sobre la AIS desarrollada. El texto se encuentra estructurado por capítulos, en los cuales se presentan de manera sintética los objetivos, planteamiento del problema, justificación, marco teórico, metodología, resultados, discusión y conclusiones.
Política fiscal y producto interno bruto (1998-2005) caso Venezuela
Authors:   , Reyes Marcano Alberto Enrique
Published: July 2022

Este trabajo de grado busca determinar si la política fiscal de expansión del gasto público en Venezuela, en el período comprendido entre 1998 y 2005, generó un crecimiento en el Producto Interno Bruto. Para ello se utilizaron los datos financieros de la Administración Publica Central, debido al alto grado de centralización de las finanzas públicas en ese país. Se realiza un paseo por el marco institucional, y se aplican los métodos de impulso respuesta y fiscal, y de acuerdo a los resultados arrojados se desarrolla una inferencia sobre los mismos.