bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Evaluation of Periodontal Parameters and Implant Outcomes in Periodontally Compromised Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zangrando Mariana Schutzer , Damante Carla Andreotti , Sant'Ana Adriana Campos , Rubo de Rezende Maria Lúcia , Greghi Sebastião Luiz , Chambrone Leandro
Published: October 2014

Background: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of patients with periodontitis submitted to periodontal therapy/maintenance and implant placement.

Methods: Studies reporting clinical and/or long‐term implant outcomes from partially edentulous patients with periodontitis who were treated and followed periodontal maintenance for ≥5 years were considered eligible for the review. Screening of the articles, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.

Results: Search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases resulted in 959 papers, and of them 931 were excluded after title/abstract assessment. The full texts of 28 potentially eligible publications were screened, but only 10 studies met inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies (77.8%) presented a medium/high methodologic quality. The results demonstrated that patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis had satisfactory implant outcomes. Implant survival was high (92.1%) within studies reporting 10 years of follow‐up. Parameters related to probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bone loss around teeth increased the occurrence of peri‐implantitis and implant loss. Non‐attendance to periodontal maintenance and smoking habits were also associated with less favorable implant outcomes.

Conclusions: This systematic review confirmed that implant therapy can be successfully used in patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis who underwent proper therapy and regular periodontal maintenance. Residual pockets, non‐attendance to the periodontal maintenance program, and smoking were considered to be negative factors for the long‐term implant outcomes.
Gaps in Medical and Device Therapy for Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: The EchoGap Study
Authors: Dokainish Hisham , Jewett Lauren , Nieuwlaat Robby , Coulson Joshua , Demers Catherine , Lonn Eva , Healey Jeff , Haynes Brian , Connolly Stuart
Published: October 2014

Objectives:

To assess gaps between guidelines and medicine prescription/dosing and referral for defibrillator therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).

Methods:

Outpatient echocardiography reports at an academic hospital centre were screened and outpatients with LVEF<40% were included. A questionnaire was mailed to the patients’ physician, querying prescription/dosing of ACE-inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and beta-blockers (BB). Patients with LVEF<30% had additional questions on implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) referral.

Results:

Mean age was 69.6+/-12.2 years and mean LVEF was 29.7+/-6.5%. ACEi and/or ARB prescription rate was 260/309(84.1%) versus 256/308(83.1%) for BB (p=NS for comparison). Of patients on ACEi, 77/183(42.1%) were on target dose, compared to 7/45(15.5%) for ARB and 9/254(3.5%) for BB (p<0.01). Of 171/309 patients (55.3%) with LVEF<30%, 72/171(42.1%) had an ICD and 16/171(9.4%) were referred for one.

Conclusion:

Prescription rates of evidence-based HF medicines are relatively high in outpatients with LVSD referred for echocardiography at this Canadian academic medical centre; however, the proportion of patients at target doses was modest for ACEi and low for ARB and BB. Approximately half of patients who qualify for ICD by EF alone have one or were referred. Important reasons for patients with LVSD not on evidence-based therapy were identified.
Chronic Neck Pain: Making the Connection Between Capsular Ligament Laxity and Cervical Instability
Authors: Steilen Danielle , Hauser Ross , Woldin Barbara , Sawyer Sarah
Published: October 2014

The use of conventional modalities for chronic neck pain remains debatable, primarily because most treatments have had limited success. We conducted a review of the literature published up to December 2013 on the diagnostic and treatment modalities of disorders related to chronic neck pain and concluded that, despite providing temporary relief of symptoms, these treatments do not address the specific problems of healing and are not likely to offer long-term cures. The objectives of this narrative review are to provide an overview of chronic neck pain as it relates to cervical instability, to describe the anatomical features of the cervical spine and the impact of capsular ligament laxity, to discuss the disorders causing chronic neck pain and their current treatments, and lastly, to present prolotherapy as a viable treatment option that heals injured ligaments, restores stability to the spine, and resolves chronic neck pain.

The capsular ligaments are the main stabilizing structures of the facet joints in the cervical spine and have been implicated as a major source of chronic neck pain. Chronic neck pain often reflects a state of instability in the cervical spine and is a symptom common to a number of conditions described herein, including disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, whiplash injury and whiplash associated disorder, postconcussion syndrome, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, and Barré-Liéou syndrome.

When the capsular ligaments are injured, they become elongated and exhibit laxity, which causes excessive movement of the cervical vertebrae. In the upper cervical spine (C0-C2), this can cause a number of other symptoms including, but not limited to, nerve irritation and vertebrobasilar insufficiency with associated vertigo, tinnitus, dizziness, facial pain, arm pain, and migraine headaches. In the lower cervical spine (C3-C7), this can cause muscle spasms, crepitation, and/or paresthesia in addition to chronic neck pain. In either case, the presence of excessive motion between two adjacent cervical vertebrae and these associated symptoms is described as cervical instability.

Therefore, we propose that in many cases of chronic neck pain, the cause may be underlying joint instability due to capsular ligament laxity. Currently, curative treatment options for this type of cervical instability are inconclusive and inadequate. Based on clinical studies and experience with patients who have visited our chronic pain clinic with complaints of chronic neck pain, we contend that prolotherapy offers a potentially curative treatment option for chronic neck pain related to capsular ligament laxity and underlying cervical instability.
Male Circumcision and HIV Transmission; What Do We Know?
Authors: Jayathunge Parana H.M , McBride William J.H , MacLaren David , Kaldor John , Vallely Andrew , Turville Stuart
Published: October 2014

Male circumcision (MC) has been shown to be protective against heterosexual HIV transmission and is being explored in some parts of the world as a means of combating the epidemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that MC be considered as an important component of HIV prevention in high prevalence settings.

We review evidence that demonstrates that the inner foreskin is likely to be the main portal of entry for the HIV virus in males. Whether removal of the inner foreskin accounts for all the protection afforded by circumcision is yet to be established.

The proposed mechanisms of protection range from inherent immunohistological factors of foreskin such as difference in thickness of keratin layer and density of target cells for HIV between inner and outer foreskin to physiological mechanisms that follow male circumcision such as drying of secretions underneath foreskin after sexual intercourse, loss of microbiome that attract target cells to the genital mucosa and lack of priming the genital mucosa with less abundant sexual transmitted infections among circumcised men.

The aim of this review is to give an updated account on the mechanisms proposed so far on the demonstrated 50-70% protection from HIV transmission through heterosexual intercourse, by male circumcision.
Determinants of Parenting Styles of Japanese Fathers and Mothers with Children Aged 0 to 10: Perceived Parenting During Childhood or
Dysphoric Mood?
Authors: Kitamura Toshinori , Uji Masayo , Chen Zi , Murakami Mikihiko , Goto Yoshitaka
Published: October 2014

Purpose: To study the determinants of current parenting styles in Japan.

Methods: Fathers (n = 312) and mothers (n = 333) of children aged between 0 and 10 attending a paediatric clinic were
evaluated with regards to the following: parental attitudes rated by spouses using the Parental Bonding Instrument, current
dysphoric mood assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, life time history of Major Depressive Episode
(MDE), and perceived parenting styles when the parents themselves were children.

Results: Path models showed that current parenting styles were predicted by parents perception of maternal rearing during
childhood. Moreover, in mothers only, they were predicted by the manner in which the women were raised by their
fathers. This prediction was indirect, occurring via lifetime history of MDE and current dysphoric mood.

Conclusion: This study suggests that the way in which parents themselves were raised was no less important than how
they currently felt in determining how they were raising their child. Current dysphoric mood or lifetime history of MDE
mediated such effects only among mothers.
Probabilistic Thinking and Death Anxiety: A Terror Management based Study
Authors: Hayslip Bert , Schuler Eric R. , Page Kyle S. , Carver Kellye S.
Published: October 2014

Terror Management Theory has been utilized to understand how death can change behavioral outcomes and social dynamics. One area that is not well researched is why individuals willingly engage in risky behavior that could accelerate their mortality. One method of distancing a potential life threatening outcome when engaging in risky behaviors is through stacking probability in favor of the event not occurring, termed probabilistic thinking. The present study examines the creation and psychometric properties of the Probabilistic Thinking scale in a sample of young, middle aged, and older adults ( n = 472). The scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability for each of the four subscales, excellent overall internal consistency, and good construct validity regarding relationships with measures of death anxiety. Reliable age and gender effects in probabilistic thinking were also observed. The relationship of probabilistic thinking as part of a cultural buffer against death anxiety is discussed, as well as its implications for Terror Management research.
Suicide around Anniversary Times
Authors: Barker Emma , O'Gorman John G. , De Leo Diego
Published: October 2014

The anniversary of the loss of a loved one is known to induce negative emotions, which for some can be significant. The present study examined the incidence of suicide around the time of such anniversaries using data from the Queensland Suicide Register for the years 1998 to 2008. There were statistically significant increases in suicide events immediately after the loss of a loved one and around the anniversary of the loss. Limitations of the study are noted.
A comparison of outcomes for early oropharyngeal cancers treated with single-modality surgery versus radiotherapy
Authors: Valakh Vladimir , Miyamoto Curtis , Mazurenka Katsiaryna , Liu Jeffrey C
Published: October 2014

Aims:
We retrospectively compared results of surgery alone (SX) or radiotherapy alone (RT) for early stage tonsil and base of tongue cancers.
Materials & methods:
Outcomes for 386 SX and 362 RT patients from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database were analyzed using propensity covariate adjusted and inverse probability weighting models.
Results:
With median follow-up of 71 months, unadjusted overall survival at 5 years was 66.1% for SX versus 50.2% for RT (p < 0.001). Unadjusted cancer-specific survival was 80.9% for SX versus 67.3% for RT (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, treatment modality maintained association with overall survival and cancer-specific survival. Inverse probability weighting-adjusted 5-year overall survival was 75.2% for SX versus 67.4% for RT (p = 0.002). Inverse probability weighting-adjusted cancer-specific survival was 86.0% for SX versus 77.4% for RT (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Explanations for higher survival for SX include comorbidities, superiority of surgery and underascertainment of postoperative radiation in Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results.
Impact of Sativex
®
on quality of life and activities of daily living in patients with multiple sclerosis spasticity
Authors: Arroyo Rafael , Vila Carlos , Dechant Kerry L
Published: October 2014

In individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity, associated symptoms such as spasms, pain, mobility restrictions and sleep disturbances can interfere with the ability to perform activities of daily living and reduce quality of life (QoL). Recent cross-sectional studies from Europe have confirmed that advancing severity of MS spasticity correlates directly with worsening QoL. The treatment effect of Sativex
®
(GW Pharmaceuticals PLC, Porton Down, UK; Laboratorios Almirall, SA, Barcelona, Spain) on QoL has been evaluated in randomized controlled trials, observational studies conducted under everyday clinical practice conditions and a survey in long-term users. Symptomatic relief of MS spasticity in responders to Sativex was associated with quantifiable improvements in QoL and activities of daily living that were maintained over time. Benefits were perceived by both patients and caregivers.
The effects of longitudinal ribs on entropy generation for laminar forced convection in a microchannel
Authors: Pourmahmoud Nader , Soltanipour Hosseinali , Mirzaee Iraj
Published: October 2014

This paper deals with fluid flow, heat transfer and entropy generation in an
internally ribbed microchannel. Mass, momentum and energy equations for
constant heat flux boundary condition are solved using the finite volume
method. Average Nusselt number and Fanning friction factor are reported as a
function of rib height at different Reynolds numbers. The effects of
non-dimensional rib height, wall heat flux and the Reynolds number on the
entropy generation attributed to friction, heat transfer and total entropy
generation are explored. The first law indicates that rib height has the
great effect on the flow filed and heat transfer. The second law analysis
reveals that for any values of Reynolds number and wall heat flux, as rib
height grows; the frictional irreversibility increases while, there is a rib
height which provides the minimum heat transfer irreversibility. It is
found that the optimum rib height with the minimum total entropy generation
rate depends on Reynolds number and wall heat flux.
Interaction of a hot jet with two cold side jets
Authors: Nouali Nassira , Mataoui Amina
Published: October 2014

Spreading of the multijet in terms of both the velocity and temperature field
depends strongly on the flow type related to the velocity and temperature
ratios between the cold side jets to the hot central one. This is the reason
why the present work focuses on numerical investigation of non isothermal
three parallel non-ventilated turbulent plane jets. As well, it seems natural
to pick as reference the available experimental data. The numerical
predictions confirm the three types (A, B, C) of flow patterns given by the
available flow visualization and reveal a fourth that will be called type D.
The purpose of the present study is to explore the effect of the velocity
ratio on the decay rates of the velocity and temperature in the fully
developed region. It is found that the addition of side jets increase the
rate of decrease of the centerline velocity for the flow of type A and
decreases in the other cases. The effect of various types of flow on the rate
of decrease of the velocity and the temperature in the fully developed flow
region are investigated in details: This led to establish several
correlations of the rate of decrease that play an important role in the
diffusion of momentum and temperature.
An experimental investigation of the thermal performance of two-phase closed thermosyphon using zirconia nanofluid
Authors: Tharves Mohideen , Suresh Kumar
Published: October 2014

In this work an avant-garde study is made to find out the thermal performance
of two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) using ZrO2 (5 - 25 nm) nanoparticle
with base fluid water. The TPCT is fabricated from the copper tube with the
outer diameters of 6mm, 8mm and length of 800mm. The concentration of
nanofluid is varied from 3% and 4% by weight. The experimental work is
carried out under different operating conditions. The input parameters such
as effects of input power, fill ratio and nanoparticle concentration on the
thermal efficiency and thermal resistance of the TPCT were investigated,
compared and discussed. From the results, it is observed that the efficiency
of the TPCT increases when ZrO2/water nanofluid was used instead of water.
A realistic EU vision of a lignite-based energy system in transition: Case study of Serbia
Authors: Batas-Bjelic Ilija , Rajakovic Nikola , Cosic Boris , Duic Neven
Published: October 2014

Several Contracting Parties to the Treaty establishing the Energy Community
of the South East Europe, currently in energy transition, have electricity
production dominantly based on lignite which contrasts their new reality.
Planning approach to designing a new feasible energy policy is presented in
this paper. This novel approach in using EnergyPLAN tool stems from analysis
of market operation of lignite thermal power plants on hourly basis, and
quantification of the feasibility of the energy policy and its alignment with
EU vision, and is presented in few scenarios. It was found out that the
Serbian energy system is highly sensitive to the electricity market and CO2
tax increase, because the marginal costs for lignite generation will increase
to more than 50?/MWh. Shifting in the merit order will be observed even at
lower CO2 tax levels, because of the intensity of the emission of the
electricity sector (calculated to be higher than 700gCO2/kWhel, according to
current energy policy). Based on the increased use of renewable energy
sources and more efficient energy conversion technologies, socio-economic and
energy policy feasibility would be increased, while long-term marginal costs
would be improved by 2?/MWh and emission intensity by 258 gCO2/kWhel,
compared to the current energy policy. These contributions, shown in the
Serbian case, are of general importance for other lignite dominated
Contracting Parties to Treaty establishing the Energy Community.
Evaluation of selected postural parameters in children who practice kyokushin karate
Authors: Drzał-Grabiec Justyna , Truszczyńska Aleksandra
Published: October 2014

Study aim: martial arts can be traced back thousands of years. Karate is one of the most common martial arts, and both children and adults practice it. The aim of the study was to evaluate selected body posture parameters in children aged 7–10 years who regularly practice karate.

Material and method: the study population (Group I) consisted of 50 children aged 7–10 years, mean age 8.1 ± 1.5 years, who had been practicing karate more than two years. The control group consisted of 50 children of the same age (Group II). Body posture was assessed with photogrammetric method based on the phenomenon of the projective moiré pattern, using CQ Elektronik equipment.

Results: on the basis of analysis of the inclination of the thoracolumbar section of the spine in both the study population and the control group, a statistically significant difference was found. Analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the SIT parameter measurements of the two groups (p < 0.05). There is a similar difference regarding the measurements of depth of thoracic kyphosis and depth of lumbar lordosis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Analysis also revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean shoulder line inclination angle parameter measurements for the two groups of children (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: karate training children had a significant deepening of physiological thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. The body posture in karate training children is characterised by a greater angle of thoracolumbar region and a smaller shoulder asymmetry.
Characterization of Complex Porous Structures for Reusable Thermal Protection Systems: Effective-Permeability Measurements
Authors: Gulli S. , Maddalena L.
Published: October 2014

Reusable thermal protection systems are one of the key technologies that have to be improved to enable long-duration hypersonic flights. Transpiration cooling has been demonstrated to be one of the most promising active cooling techniques in terms of coolant mass requirements and disturbance of the external flow. Previous numerical studies, conducted by the authors on the conjugate boundary-layer/material-response analysis, along with the current manufacturing capability of manipulating the natural properties of porous materials (e.g., porosity, permeability, and thermal conductivity) have demonstrated the cooling potential when variable transpiration is considered. In this work, a methodology for the nonintrusive characterization of the local effective permeability of a complex carbon–carbon porous structure is proposed. The concept of effective permeability, conceived as the local blowing capability of a porous structure with respect to a selected coolant fluid, is also discussed. Specifically, the coolant (air) mass flux blown from a conical porous surface has been measured by a hot-film probe at a distance specified by an appropriate reference elementary area and the Reynolds number based on the channels’ diameter. These measurements have then been related to the pressure gradient across the local material’s thickness by using Darcy’s law. Measurements have revealed a higher effective permeability near the nose of the cone where two longitudinal delaminations have been identified. The asymmetric blowing capability of the cone highlights the importance of characterizing the entire thermal protection system instead of defining the overall properties of the material, which can be drastically different at the full-scale level due to the geometry, the system integration (i.e. structural constraints), and the intrinsic defectology coming from the manufacturing process. Additionally, the mass fluxes measured on the external porous surface will support the numerical aerothermal rebuilding of the wind-tunnel experiment on the transpiration cooling.
Efficacy of the McKenzie Method in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Protocol of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Garcia Alessandra Narciso , Costa Lucíola da Cunha Menezes , Hancock Mark J. , de Almeida Matheus Oliveira , de Souza Fabrício Soares , Costa Leonardo Oliveira Pena
Published: October 2014

Background

The McKenzie method is widely used as an active intervention in the treatment of patients with nonspecific low back pain. Although the McKenzie method has been compared with several other interventions, it is not yet known whether this method is superior to placebo in patients with chronic low back pain.

Objective

The purpose of this trial is to assess the efficacy of the McKenzie method in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Design

An assessor-blinded, 2-arm, randomized placebo-controlled trial will be conducted.

Setting

This study will be conducted in physical therapy clinics in São Paulo, Brazil.

Participants

The participants will be 148 patients seeking care for chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Intervention

Participants will be randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups: (1) McKenzie method or (2) placebo therapy (detuned ultrasound and shortwave therapy). Each group will receive 10 sessions of 30 minutes each (2 sessions per week over 5 weeks).

Measurements

The clinical outcomes will be obtained at the completion of treatment (5 weeks) and at 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization. The primary outcomes will be pain intensity (measured with the Pain Numerical Rating Scale) and disability (measured with the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire) at the completion of treatment. The secondary outcomes will be pain intensity; disability and function; kinesiophobia and global perceived effect at 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization; and kinesiophobia and global perceived effect at completion of treatment. The data will be collected by a blinded assessor.

Limitations

Therapists will not be blinded.

Conclusions

This will be the first trial to compare the McKenzie method with placebo therapy in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. The results of this study will contribute to better management of this population.
Location of cation impurities in NGRIP deep ice revealed by cryo-cell UV-laser-ablation ICPMS
Authors: Della Lunga Damiano , Müller Wolfgang , Rasmussen Sune Olander , Svensson Anders
Published: October 2014

In polar ice sheets, the average grain size varies with depth. Ice grain size increases due to several factors including ice temperature and impurity content, which in turn varies with climate. The effect of impurities on grain growth is thought to be crucial but has never been observed experimentally. Using a methodology recently developed at Royal Holloway University of London, in situ chemical analysis of frozen ice at sub-ppm concentrations with unprecedented spatial resolution (~150 μm) is achievable using ultraviolet laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UV-LA-ICPMS) featuring a two-volume cryo-LA-cell. Following surface cleaning with a custom-built vice equipped with a ceramic blade, NGRIP ice slabs (~86 ka before AD 2000) have been analysed using a series of one-dimensional profiles and two-dimensional maps of laser spots at a resolution of 200–300 μm. Results demonstrate that cation impurities are not uniformly distributed in ice layers and show significant variations in concentration on a sub-millimetre scale. Furthermore, a different pattern of elemental distribution between clear ice and layers enriched in impurities (cloudy bands) has been identified: while concentration differences for cloudy bands are not resolvable between boundaries and inner grain domains, within clear ice, grain boundaries and junctions are significantly (up to 100 times) impurity-enriched relative to corresponding grain interiors.
Do Corporate Governance Characteristics Affect Non-Financial Risk Disclosure in Government-owned Companies? The Italian Experience
Authors: Allini Alessandra , Manes Rossi Francesca , Macchioni Riccardo
Published: October 2014

While a considerable amount of research has already been carried out into the corporate governance determinants of non-financial risk disclosure in companies in the private sector, such determinants in the annual reports of listed Governmentowned Companies (LGCs) have yet to be investigated fully. This study attempts to complete the picture. Italian LGCs have been selected for analysis and agency theory has been applied in the public sector under the accountability paradigm. The research investigates whether non-financial risk disclosure provided in the Management Commentary (MC) of Italian LGCs may be affected by ownership concentration, corporate governance mechanisms and company-specific features. The issue is of particular importance in a country where Government intervention has significantly affected its economic development since the nineteenth century. Our findings show that there is a relationship between the level of non-financial risk disclosure and Board diversity, leverage and sector. Our findings also reveal some useful insights concerning policy makers and standard setters.
Business Model Literature Overview
Authors: Novak Ales
Published: October 2014

The term ?business model' has recently attracted increased attention in the context of financial reporting and was formally introduced into the IFRS literature when IFRS 9 Financial Instruments was published in November 2009. However, IFRS 9 did not fully define the term ‘business model'. Furthermore, the literature on business models is quite diverse. It has been conducted in largely isolated fashion; therefore, no generally accepted definition of ?business model' has emerged. Therefore, a better understanding of the notion itself should be developed before further investigating its potential role within financial reporting. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the perceived key themes and to identify other bases for grouping/organizing the literature based on business models. The contributions this paper makes to the literature are twofold: first, it complements previous review papers on business models; second, it contains a clear position on the distinction between the notions of the business model and strategy, which many authors identify as a key element in better explaining and communicating the notion of the business model. In this author's opinion, the term ‘strategy' is a dynamic and forward-looking notion, a sort of directional roadmap for future courses of action, whereas, ‘business model' is a more static notion, reflecting the conceptualisation of the company's underlying core business logic. The conclusion contains the author's thoughts on the role of the business model in financial reporting.
Bracelets are for Hard Times: Economic Hardship, Sentimentality and the Andalusi Hebrew Poetess
Authors: Pearce S. J.
Published: October 2014

Of thousands of poems written in Hebrew between the closure of the canon of the Hebrew Bible and the dawn of modernity, a single exemplar is identified as having been written by a woman, known only as the wife of her husband, Dūnash ben Labrāṭ. Modern scholarship on this poem has primarily been interested in it as a unique and curious artefact of a woman writer working in Hebrew. The present article will reconsider that poem in light of documents in the Cairo Genizah that deal, from a documentary perspective, with the same concerns and activities that the poet treats in verse, specifically the ways in which women supported themselves financially in the absence of their husbands. This study will argue that the work of the supposed Andalusi Hebrew poetess reflects economic and social realities faced by women in Muslim Spain and more broadly in the Mediterranean society documented in the Genizah. The exchange of personal effects between the woman depicted in the poem and her husband stands as a literary comparison for records of similar exchanges and calls for a more historicized reading of Genizah poetry that moves beyond the question of the poet's gender.
Assessing Cultural Impact: Film4, Canon Formation and Forgotten Films
Authors: Mayne Laura
Published: October 2014

For over 30 years Channel 4 has supported more than 400 feature films through its production arm, Film4. However, despite the scale and variety of this contribution to British cinema, only a handful of these productions are regularly cited in print media and academic texts as being representative of the Film4 catalogue and/or influential in British film culture generally. This article will look at the creation of top films lists as a case of canon formation, and the ways in which the Film4 canon in particular continues to be shaped and contested, not only by critics, academics and cultural institutions, but by Channel 4 itself. It draws upon the work of Janet Staiger (1985) on canon formation and of Joseph Lampel and Shivasharan Nadavulakere (2009) on retrospective consecration in order to consider the processes by which certain films are more likely to appear in critics' best films lists. Bearing in mind that the brand identity of Film4 depends also on Channel 4's own promotional activities, the article will go on to examine two case studies of Film4 anniversary seasons in order to assess the part that scheduling plays in constructing the channel's own representations of its contribution to British cinema. Finally, after exploring some of the reasons why certain films are remembered (and why others are forgotten), attention will turn to the ways in which certain forgotten films can be re-presented in DVD and video-on-demand markets. This reveals the extent to which commercial factors are also determinants in the processes of canon formation and can impinge upon the attribution of cultural value.
Film4, Freeview and Public Service Broadcasting: Screening Films on British Television in the Multi-channel Era
Authors: Keene Rachael
Published: October 2014

This article analyses the shift in programming policy that took place when Channel 4's specialist subscription channel FilmFour was relaunched as Film4 on the Freeview digital terrestrial television platform in 2006. Adopting a similar survey approach to Hannah Andrews (2012), this article examines new data sources tracking patterns in programming and scheduling practices in order to interrogate the nationality, age and genre of films screened on both channels between 1998 and 2011. The changing character of film programming during this period is shown to relate, in part, to increased commercial pressures brought about by the rapidly evolving multi-channel landscape. But while commercial imperatives were indeed a key factor in this evolution, Film4's scheduling strategies are also shown to be a product of the broadcaster's desire to reassert its public service identity in the Freeview era.

Bibliographical addition: Andrews, H. (2012), ‘Public Service Broadcasters and British Cinema, 1990–2010’. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Warwick.
Situational Awareness: Regulation of the Myb Transcription Factor in Differentiation, the Cell Cycle and Oncogenesis
Authors: George Olivia , Ness Scott
Published: October 2014

This review summarizes the mechanisms that control the activity of the c-Myb transcription factor in normal cells and tumors, and discusses how c-Myb plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle. Oncogenic versions of c-Myb contribute to the development of leukemias and solid tumors such as adenoid cystic carcinoma, breast cancer and colon cancer. The activity and specificity of the c-Myb protein seems to be controlled through changes in protein-protein interactions, so understanding how it is regulated could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
No Lords A-Leaping: Fanon, C.L.R. James, and the Politics of Invention
Authors: Marriott David
Published: October 2014

What happens to Fanonism when, instead of resistance or liberation, it becomes a discourse of invention? What happens to Fanon’s critique of colonialism and his imagining of a decolonial future, when that critique and imagining are staked not on the refusal of racial humanity itself (in the sense of an appeal to a “new humanism”…), but in the sense that Fanonism itself, as such, would be a discourse and reading of invention? In this essay I compare Fanon’s reading of invention with that of C.L.R. James’s reading of spontaneity in Notes on Dialectics.
Acoustic Emission Behavior of Early Age Concrete Monitored by Embedded Sensors
Authors: Qin Lei , Ren Hong-Wei , Dong Bi-Qin , Xing Feng
Published: October 2014

Acoustic emission (AE) is capable of monitoring the cracking activities inside materials. In this study, embedded sensors were employed to monitor the AE behavior of early age concrete. Type 1–3 cement-based piezoelectric composites, which had lower mechanical quality factor and acoustic impedance, were fabricated and used to make sensors. Sensors made of the composites illustrated broadband frequency response. In a laboratory, the cracking of early age concrete was monitored to recognize different hydration stages. The sensors were also embedded in a mass concrete foundation to localize the temperature gradient cracks.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Cytoselective Toxicity of Monoterpene-Fused 2-Imino-1,3-thiazines
Authors: Szakonyi Zsolt , Zupkó István , Sillanpää Reijo , Fülöp Ferenc
Published: October 2014

Starting from pinane-, apopinane- and carane-based 1,3-amino alcohols obtained from monoterpene-based β-amino acids, a library of monoterpene-fused 2-imino-1,3-thiazines as main products and 2-thioxo-1,3-oxazines as side-products were prepared via two- or three-step syntheses. When thiourea adducts prepared from 1,3-amino alcohols and aryl isothiocyanates were reacted with CDI under mild conditions, O-imidazolylcarbonyl intermediates were isolated which could be transformed to the desired 1,3-thiazines under microwave conditions. 1,3-Thiazines and 2-thioxo-1,3-oxazine side-products could also be prepared in one-step reactions through the application of CDI and microwave irradiation. The ring-closure process was extended to cycloalkane-based γ-hydroxythioureas. The carane- and apopinane-based derivatives exhibited marked antiproliferative activity against a panel of human adherent cancer cell lines (HeLa, A2780, MCF7 and A431).
Transforming Image-Objects into Multiscale Fields: A GEOBIA Approach to Mitigate Urban Microclimatic Variability within H-Res Thermal Infrared Airborne Flight-Lines
Authors: Rahman Mir , Hay Geoffrey , Couloigner Isabelle , Hemachandran Bharanidharan
Published: October 2014

In an effort to minimize complex urban microclimatic variability within high-resolution (H-Res) airborne thermal infrared (TIR) flight-lines, we describe the Thermal Urban Road Normalization (TURN) algorithm, which is based on the idea of pseudo invariant features. By assuming a homogeneous road temperature within a TIR scene, we hypothesize that any variation observed in road temperature is the effect of local microclimatic variability. To model microclimatic variability, we define a road-object class (Road), compute the within-Road temperature variability, sample it at different spatial intervals (i.e., 10, 20, 50, and 100 m) then interpolate samples over each flight-line to create an object-weighted variable temperature field (a TURN-surface). The optimal TURN-surface is then subtracted from the original TIR image, essentially creating a microclimate-free scene. Results at different sampling intervals are assessed based on their: (i) ability to visually and statistically reduce overall scene variability and (ii) computation speed. TURN is evaluated on three non-adjacent TABI-1800 flight-lines (~182 km2) that were acquired in 2012 at night over The City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. TURN also meets a recent GEOBIA (Geospatial Object Based Image Analysis) challenge by incorporating existing GIS vector objects within the GEOBIA workflow, rather than relying exclusively on segmentation methods.
Molecular Modeling of Prion Transmission to Humans
Authors: Levavasseur Etienne , Privat Nicolas , Martin Juan-Carlos , Simoneau Steve , Baron Thierry , Flan Benoit , Torres Juan-Maria , Haïk Stéphane
Published: October 2014

Using different prion strains, such as the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent and the atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy agents, and using transgenic mice expressing human or bovine prion protein, we assessed the reliability of protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to model interspecies and genetic barriers to prion transmission. We compared our PMCA results with in vivo transmission data characterized by attack rates, i.e., the percentage of inoculated mice that developed the disease. Using 19 seed/substrate combinations, we observed that a significant PMCA amplification was only obtained when the mouse line used as substrate is susceptible to the corresponding strain. Our results suggest that PMCA provides a useful tool to study genetic barriers to transmission and to study the zoonotic potential of emerging prion strains.
Paramagnetic cellulose DNA isolation improves DNA yield and quality among diverse plant taxa
Authors: Moeller Jackson R. , Moehn Nicholas R. , Waller Donald M. , Givnish Thomas J.
Published: October 2014

• Premise of the study: The chemical diversity of land plants ensures that no single DNA isolation method results in high yield and purity with little effort for all species. Here we evaluate a new technique originally developed for forensic science, based on MagnaCel paramagnetic cellulose particles (PMC), to determine its efficacy in extracting DNA from 25 plant species representing 21 families and 15 orders.

• Methods and Results: Yield and purity of DNA isolated by PMC, DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (silica column), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) methods were compared among four individuals for each of 25 plant species. PMC gave a twofold advantage in average yield, and the relative advantage of the PMC method was greatest for samples with the lowest DNA yields. PMC also produced more consistent sample purity based on absorbance ratios at 260:280 and 260:230 nm.

• Conclusions: PMC technology is a promising alternative for plant DNA isolation.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FLIGHT CONDITIONS AT THE ALTA AIRPORT, NORWAY
Authors: Rasheed Adil , Mushtaq Asif
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the results from a numerical study of the atmospheric flow characteristics at the Alta airport, Norway are presented. Experiences of the pilots operating in the region have been used to validate the findings. Further analysis has resulted in the identification of dangerous zones for aviation activities for a particular wind direction. Towards the end an effort has been made to relate the experience of the pilots with the mountain waves generated due to the presence of a small hill close to the airport.
Naproxen Effects on Brain Response to Painful Pressure Stimulation in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Single-dose Study
Authors: Giménez Mónica , Pujol Jesús , Ali Zahid , López-Solà Marina , Contreras-Rodríguez Oren , Deus Joan , Ortiz Héctor , Soriano-Mas Carles , Llorente-Onaindia Jone , Monfort Jordi
Published: October 2014

Objective.

The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of naproxen, an antiinflammatory analgesic drug, on brain response to painful stimulation on the affected knee in chronic osteoarthritis (OA) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Methods.

A sample of 25 patients with knee OA received naproxen (500 mg), placebo, or no treatment in 3 separate sessions in a randomized manner. Pressure stimulation was applied to the medial articular interline of the knee during the fMRI pain sequence. We evaluated subjective pain ratings at every session and their association with brain responses to pain. An fMRI control paradigm was included to discard global brain vascular effects of naproxen.

Results.

We found brain activation reductions under naproxen compared to no treatment in different cortical and subcortical core pain processing regions (p ≤ 0.001). Compared to placebo, naproxen triggered an attenuation of amygdala activation (p = 0.001). Placebo extended its attenuation effects beyond the classical pain processing network (p ≤ 0.001). Subjective pain scores during the fMRI painful task differed between naproxen and no treatment (p = 0.037). Activation attenuation under naproxen in different regions (i.e., ventral brain, cingulate gyrus) was accompanied by an improvement in the subjective pain complaints (p ≤ 0.002).

Conclusion.

Naproxen effectively reduces pain-related brain responses involving different regions and the attenuation is related to subjective pain changes. Our current work yields further support to the utility of fMRI to objectify the acute analgesic effects of a single naproxen dose in patients affected by knee OA. The trial was registered at the EuropeanClinicalTrials Database, “EudraCT Number 2008-004501-33”.
Genome wide Gene Expression Analysis of the Posterior Capsule in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Knee Flexion Contracture
Authors: Campbell Thomas Mark , Trudel Guy , Wong Kayleigh Kristin , Laneuville Odette
Published: October 2014

Objective.

Knee flexion contractures (KFC) are limitations in the ability to fully extend the knee joint. In people with knee osteoarthritis (OA), KFC are common, impair function, and worsen outcomes after arthroplasty. In KFC, the posterior knee capsule is believed to play a key role, but the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We sought to identify gene expression differences in the posterior knee capsule of patients with OA with and without KFC.

Methods.

Capsule tissue was obtained from the knees of 12 subjects diagnosed with advanced-stage OA at the time of knee arthroplasty surgery. The presence or absence of KFC allocated patients into 2 groups using a case-control design. Genomewide capsular gene expression was compared between the 2 patient groups. Confirmation of differential expression of the corresponding proteins was performed by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections.

Results.

There were no significant demographic differences between the patients with OA with KFC and without KFC save for reduced extension in their surgical knee (p < 0.01). KFC patients showed a 6.4-fold decrease inCSN1S1(p = 0.017) gene expression and a 3.7-, 2.0-, and 2.6-fold increase inCHAD,Sox9, andCyr61gene expression, respectively (p = 0.001, 0.004, 0.001, respectively). There were corresponding increases in protein levels for chondroadherin, sex determining region Y-box 9, and casein alphaS1(all p < 0.05). Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated a strong association with pathways related to the extracellular matrix and to tissue fibrosis.

Conclusion.

Posterior capsules in endstage OA knees with KFC exhibited differential expression of 4 genes all previously documented to be associated with tissue fibrosis.
Serum S100A12 May Be a Useful Biomarker of Disease Activity in Adult-onset Still’s Disease
Authors: Bae Chang-Bum , Suh Chang-Hee , An Jeong-Mi , Jung Ju-Yang , Jeon Ja-Young , Nam Jin-Young , Kim Hyoun-Ah
Published: October 2014

Objective.

S100A12 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) have been suggested as biomarkers of disease activity in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We investigated the clinical significance of these markers in adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD).

Methods.

Blood samples were collected from 37 patients with active AOSD and 38 healthy controls (HC). Of the patients with AOSD, followup samples were collected from 19 patients after resolution of disease activity.

Results.

Serum S100A12 (547.9 ± 148.4 ng/ml) in patients with AOSD was higher than those of HC (272.3 ± 133 ng/ml, p < 0.001). The sRAGE levels of AOSD (514.1 ± 273.6 pg/ml) were lower than those of HC (850.3 ± 405.8 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Serum S100A12 correlated with serum sRAGE (r = −0.228, p = 0.049). Serum S100A12 correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and systemic score, whereas sRAGE did not correlate with any disease activity markers. In addition, the level of S100A12 was decreased after disease activity was resolved in followed-up patients with AOSD (505.7 ± 161.3 ng/ml vs 361.3 ± 162.5 ng/ml, p = 0.01). Further, the change of S100A12 was well correlated with that of ESR, CRP, and systemic score.

Conclusion.

S100A12 levels showed strong correlations with known disease activity markers such as ESR, CRP, ferritin, and systemic score. In the followup patients with AOSD, most patients showed decreased S100A12 levels after resolution of disease activity. These results suggest that serum S100A12 can be a reliable clinical marker for monitoring disease activity and treatment response.