bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Japan's flood control planning and policy in response to climate change risks and social changes
Authors: Koike Toshio
Published: December 2021

Building a sustainable society by strengthening disaster resilience is a common goal in the world. It is crucial to promote cooperation between the general public and the science community by sharing data, information, knowledge, experiences, and ideas. Japan has routinely been beset by catastrophic floods caused mainly by destructive typhoons and critically active seasonal fronts. With the turn of the 21st century, changes in climate and society required additional realignment into the standardized procedures that had evolved over the previous half-century. Japan's new policy, ‘River Basin Disaster Resilience and Sustainability by All,’ takes comprehensive measures, mainly consisting of flood prevention, exposure reduction, and appropriate evacuation, response and recovery, aiming to strengthen disaster resilience and achieve sustainability through concerted efforts among all stakeholders. The policy can play a key role in the achievement of the common global goal.
Water consumption, wastewater generation and characterization of a slaughterhouse for resource conservation and recovery
Authors: Shende Akshay D. , Dhenkula Swati , Waghambare Ashish , Rao Neti Nageswara , Pophali Girish R.
Published: December 2021

This study is an overview of a beef-based slaughterhouse's processes and operations, from animal reception to product dispatch, including water consumption over 105 days. On average, 1,114 L/buffalo is required for slaughter and processing. Corresponding wastewater generation is between 916 and 1,089 L. Water consumption per buffalo decreases with increasing numbers of buffalos slaughtered per day, and in some operations – e.g., plant washing, personal hygiene, canteen, and knife and instrument washing – is independent of the number of buffalo slaughtered. In contrast, refrigeration depends partly on the numbers slaughtered. Wastewater characterization from each slaughterhouse process and operation was carried out over three months, and wastewater physico-chemical characteristics from individual operations are presented.
Aplikacja wskazań "Amoris laetitia" o przygotowaniu do małżeństwa – dylemat prawny i społeczny. Krótki zarys problemu w kontekście aktualnych wyzwań
Authors: Sikorska Emmanuela Elżbieta
Published: December 2021

Ukazany w artykule problem stanowi jedynie próbę odpowiedzi, na ile głos papieża Franciszka o palącej potrzebie odnowionego duszpasterstwa małżeństwa i rodziny znajduje aplikację w decyzjach i działaniach duszpasterzy oraz wspólnot kościelnych. Adhortacja apostolska papieża Franciszka poświęcona miłości w rodzinie podejmuje temat małżeństwa i rodziny. W części zatytułowanej „Prowadzenie narzeczonych na drodze przygotowania do małżeństwa” (pkt. 205-216) mamy wskazania jak pomóc młodym ludziom w odkryciu wartości i bogactwa małżeństwa.Dnia 26 listopada 2019 r. Konferencja Episkopatu Polski opublikowała Dekret ogólny o przeprowadzeniu rozmów kanoniczno-duszpasterskich z narzeczonymi przed zawarciem małżeństwa kanonicznego. Wydany dekret odnosi się do wymogów formalno-kanonicznych i nie reguluje kwestii związanych z przygotowaniem tematyki katechez przedmałżeńskich i innych odnoszących się do duszpasterskiej troski o małżeństwo i rodzinę. Wskazano w dekrecie, że w dziedzinie pastoralnej przygotowania do małżeństwa obowiązują zasady zawarte w Dyrektorium Duszpasterstwa Rodzin z 2003 roku oraz dokumencie z 2009 roku Służyć prawdzie o małżeństwie i rodzinie, wydanych przez KEP. Powstaje pytanie: na ile wskazania duszpasterskie są wystarczające. Dla potwierdzenia zasadności powyższych dylematów warto podać: dane opublikowane przez Instytut Statystyki Kościoła dotyczące udziału wiernych w życiu sakramentalnym oraz skali powoływanych poradni rodzinnych, dane pochodzące z referatów katechetycznych oraz wyniki badań przeprowadzonych przez Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej opublikowane w 2019 w kontekście mentalności rozwodowej.

Nowe wyzwania przyszłości w kontekście obciążeń psychicznych spowodowanych sytuacją ogólnoświatową, już teraz domagają się rewizji programów duszpasterskich w temacie małżeństwa i rodziny. Narastająca w świecie niepewność w obliczu pandemii i szerzących się konfliktów zbrojnych powoduje skutki w relacjach międzyludzkich. Naczelną zasadą prawa jest salus aminarum – zbawienie dusz. Ze względu na tę zasadę Prawodawca poleca, by świadczyć pomoc wiernym, którzy pragną zawrzeć małżeństwo. Zjawisko klerykalizmu, podejmowane dziś w dyskusjach, nie może w żaden sposób blokować wiernym świeckim dostępu do uczestnictwa w kapłańskim, prorockim i królewskim posłannictwie Chrystusa, bowiem są oni powołani do wypełnienia misji, jaką Bóg powierzył pełnić Kościołowi w świecie.
Badanie okoliczności, które pomagają ustalić myślenie i wolę domniemanego symulanta w sprawach o nieważność małżeństwa ob exclusionem indissolubilitatis
Authors: Krajczyński Jan
Published: December 2021

Autor artykułu podejmuje problematykę dowodu szczególnego w sprawach o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa wynikającego z wyłączenia nierozerwalności, czyli okoliczności.Zgodnie z powszechnym i trwałym orzecznictwem Roty Rzymskiej dokładne zbadanie i uwzględnienie wszystkich okoliczności sprawy, tj. okoliczności małżeństwa, osoby, miejsca i czasu, pozwala pośrednio ustalić rozumowanie i wolę rzekomego symulanta zgody małżeńskiej.Na podstawie analizy orzeczeń wydanych przez sędziów Roty Rzymskiej autor porusza następujące kwestie szczegółowe: konieczność zbadania wielu różnych okoliczności obiektywnych i subiektywnych, osobistych i materialnych, które pomagają ustalić, czy rzekomy symulant wykluczył nierozerwalność małżeństwa; okoliczności małżeństwa z przyczyną zawarcia małżeństwa i przyczyną symulacji jako pierwszą; okoliczności osoby, miejsca i czasu. Wreszcie, mając na uwadze orzecznictwo Roty Rzymskiej, o której znaczeniu wspomina kan. 19 Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego odnotowuje się okoliczności, które należy zbadać w konkretnych przypadkach.

W tym przypadku autor odnosi się do okoliczności, które mogą sprzyjać przekształceniu w akt woli usposobienia przeciwstawnego nierozerwalności małżeństwa, o czym mowa w kan. 1101 § 2 Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego oraz okoliczności, które należy zbadać w przypadku hipotetycznego wyłączenia nierozerwalności małżeństwa.
Odpowiedzialność sądownictwa kościelnego za małżeństwo
Authors: Bartczak Adam
Published: December 2021

Sądownictwo kościelne w zdecydowanej większości zajmuje się procesami o nieważność małżeństw. W centrum uwagi staje małżeństwo, czyli nierozerwalny związek mężczyzny i kobiety. Niestety, coraz częściej małżeństwa się rozpadają, a wierni szukają odpowiedzi na pytanie dotyczące nieważności ich małżeństwa. Sądownictwo kościelne i tworzący je ludzie stają przed trudnym zadaniem. Jest nim właśnie odpowiedzialność za instytucję małżeństwa jak i samych małżonków. Niniejszy artykuł wskazuje na poszczególne osoby i ich zadania, które są zaangażowane w proces małżeński. Opracowanie staje się krytycznym spojrzeniem na współczesne problemy w sądach kościelnych. Na koniec autor podsumowuje na czym ma polegać analizowana w tekście odpowiedzialność.
Appraisal on Workforce Performance towards Industrialised Building System in Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Khor Soo-Cheen , Tiang Wai-Yew , Abdullatef Olanrewaju Ashola , Wai Soon-Han
Published: December 2021

The workforce has always been the backbone of the construction industry in the Industrialised Building System (IBS). Previous researchers often obtain data and opinions from the perspective of construction professionals and often neglect the labour workforce opinion. This study aims to investigate various factors that affect the workforce's productivity in IBS performance. The data collection amounts 60 targeted respondents. This study found a strong correlation between motivation, education, and workforce skill level that affects productivity in implementing IBS. The resolution is to propose an improvement of monetary incentive and academic level of the workforce.
Keywords: Workforce; Industrialised Building System (IBS); Construction Industry; Malaysia
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3066
Distributed Autonomous Organization of Learning: Future Structure for Health Professions Education Institutions
Authors: Cabrera Daniel , Nickson Christopher P , Roland Damian , Hall Elissa , Ankel Felix
Published: December 2021

Current health professions education (HPE) institutions are based on an assembly-line hierarchical structure. The last decade has witnessed the advent of sophisticated networks allowing the exchange of information and educational assets. Blockchain provides an ideal data management framework that can support high-order applications such as learning systems and credentialing in an open and a distributed fashion. These system management characteristics enable the creation of a distributed autonomous organization of learning (DAOL). This new type of organization allows for the creation of decentralized adaptive competency curricula, simplification of credentialing and certification, leveling of information asymmetry among educational market stakeholders, assuring alignment with societal priorities, and supporting equity and transparency.
Benefits of Virtual Reality Balance Training for Patients With Parkinson Disease: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-Regression of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Jinlong , Zhang Hui , Chen Ziyan , Fu Ruijia , Yang Hao , Zeng Hongfa , Ren Zhanbing
Published: December 2021

Background

Virtual reality (VR) balance training is increasingly being pursued in biomedical research, specifically with respect to investigating balance ability with VR. However, existing systematic reviews have found inconsistent conclusions about the efficacy of VR in improving balance in Parkinson disease (PD) patients.

Objective

The goal of the research was to evaluate the impact of VR balance training on the balance ability of patients with PD.

Methods

All major databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang, were searched to identify all relevant studies published in English or Chinese since September 15, 2010. Two researchers independently conducted document retrieval, study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality evaluation.

Results

A total of 16 randomized controlled trials were analyzed (n=583 patients with PD), with the methodological quality evaluation score ranging from 5 to 8 points. A random effects model was selected to combine effect sizes. Meta-analysis showed that the balance ability of PD was significantly improved after VR training compared with the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] 2.127, 95% CI 1.202 to 3.052, P<.001, I2=95.1, df=15). It is worth noting that the intervention platform may be the main reason for heterogeneity. Meta regression analysis showed that no training program could predict the impact of VR training (P=.57 to .94) on PD balance ability. Subgroup result showed that a single training time of 0 to 20 minutes (SMD 6.446), 4 to 6 times per week (SMD 4.067), training for 3 to 5 weeks (SMD 62.478), training course reached more than 30 times (SMD 4.405), and 201 to 300 minutes per week (SMD 4.059) maybe have more benefit.

Conclusions

A systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that VR balance training is a highly effective means to improve balance performance with large effects in PD. In addition, we preliminarily extracted dose-effect relationships for training volume, informing clinicians and practitioners to design effective VR balance training for balance ability. Further research is needed to reveal optimal dose-response relationships following VR balance training.
Education of a Child in the Ethics of Al-Chazali
Authors: Fayzullaeva M. Sh.
Published: December 2021

This article talks about the rules and requirements of raising a child, which were developed by Al-Ghazali.
RATIONALE OF ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTION IN PATIENTS VISITING A TERTIARY CARE SOUTH INDIAN HOSPITAL
Authors: AHMED MOHAMED , KUMAR PAWAN , DV KISHORE , KUMAR PRABHAT , KAUSER RUBEENA , ALI MOAZAM
Published: December 2021

Objective: Antimicrobials are the class of drugs that are used irrationally in most cases leading to rise in instances of antimicrobial resistance altering the effect of such agents. Antimicrobial resistance has become a critical issue universally nerving the need to monitor the utilization pattern and rationality in prescribing of antibiotics. This helps in selection of most appropriate antibiotic for the specific patient and achieving the goals of the therapy.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study with a sample size of 600 participants was conducted in department of general medicine of a tertiary care hospital. Inpatients prescribed with antibiotics were included in the study and their case sheets were reviewed to analyzing the prescribing pattern. The medication usage pattern was then assessed for rationality in prescribing was evaluated. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS Software.
Results: It is noted that a more number of males participated and the greatest number of the patients were from the age group of 31-45. The diagnosis found in the majority of the patients was respiratory tract infection followed by others. On scrutinizing the prescriptions, it was noted that cephalosporins and penicillins were most often prescribed, and on an average single, antibiotic was frequently used with the preferred route of administration in most of the prescriptions being injection route. Though many of the antibiotics were prescribed empirically, it was observed that 59% of them were most appropriately dosed and maximum patients that are around 57% were cured from their illnesses.
Conclusion: This study provided important baseline information on antimicrobial use within a large tertiary care teaching hospital and identified potential targets for future antimicrobial stewardship programs. The culture and sensitivity testing suggested that the drug resistance was more for most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the hospital. Increased targeted prescribing based on sensitivity tests will bring down the high use of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic use.
THE CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT OF WAJAUL MAFASIL IN UNANI MEDICINE
Authors: ZAIDI ZEHRA
Published: December 2021

More than 54 million Americans suffer from some form of arthritis and 23.7 million are limited in their usual activity, primarily due to pain. The study aims to highlight the concept of Arthralgia and the potential of its management in Unani Medicines. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly progressive condition with a variable prognosis. In general, predicting the prognosis in patients with OA is difficult. However, pharmacological therapy can be associated with serious side effects and high costs. Therefore, alternative therapies have been under investigation. Herbal medications have shown the potential for safe and effective management of arthritis. The Unani Medicine is a rich source of classical knowledge on arthritis. OA has been mentioned as Wajaul Mafasil Balghami/Saudawi, and Unani Physicians has been treating this disease successfully with mostly single herbal drugs and their compound formulations for centuries. It has been revealed through animal, in vitro, and clinical studies that most of the single and compound Unani formulations are safe, without any side effects, and effective in OA, especially gout and rheumatoid arthritis. There is a need to conduct studies at Phase III level after analyzing 2nd Phase clinical studies of Unani medicine, so a promising safe, economic, and effective treatment can be provided to the ailing society for OA.
MEDICINAL PLANTS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS IN PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF LIFE STYLE DISORDERS: PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: SINGH SHALU , JAIN VINEET , JAIN SWATANTRA KUMAR , CHANDRA KAILASH
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of lifestyle disorders such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and overweight/obesity is rising rapidly. Recently the popularity of herbal supplements among patients with lifestyle disorders has been increasing. Consumption of a plant-based diet consisted of appropriate phytochemicals has been accepted as a reliable means for the prevention and management of several disorders. Phytochemicals play a crucial role in disease prevention, especially when lifestyle changes alone are not found effective. Various human and animal trials have established the pharmacological action of phytonutrients present in herbal plants. Several bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and stilbenes. are present in plants such as garlic, Aloe vera, turmeric, tulsi, and drumstick. that have shown a significant beneficial effect on DM, metabolic syndrome, lipid disorders, etc. This review focuses on the therapeutic effect of some of the high potential herbal plants and their phytochemicals in the management of lifestyle disorders and the challenges with the use of herbal medicines.
QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH TO DEVELOP STABILITY INDICATING REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR AMBROXOL
Authors: AHMAD SUFIYAN , KHABIYA PRANIT , AU TATIYA , RAHEMAN BAKHSHI ABDURL
Published: December 2021

Objective: As per requisition of current regulatory requirements, simple, rapid and sensitive method by 33 factorial quality by design approach was established and validated for Ambroxol (AMB) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
Methods: A simple RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated with different parameters such as linearity, precision, repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), accuracy as per International Conference for Harmonisation guidelines (Q2R1). Statistical data analysis was done for data obtained from different aliquots Runs on Agilent Tech. Gradient System with Auto injector, ultraviolet (UV) diode-array detection and Gradient Detector.
Results: Equipped with Reverse Phase (Agilent) C18 column (4.6 mm × 100 mm; 2.5 μm), a 20 μl injection loop and UV730D Absorbance detector at 244 nm wave length and running chemstation 10.1 software and drugs along with degradants were separated via Methanol: (0.1% orthophosphoric acid) Water (75:25) of pH 3 as mobile phase setting flow rate 0.7 ml/min at ambient temperature the retention time of AMB were found to be 4.85 min. The industrialized method was found linear over the concentration range of 10–50 μg/ml for AMB while the LOD and LOQ of AMB was found to be 0.5174–0.2739 μg/ml, analytical method that concluded.
Conclusion: There are no interfering peaks underperformed degradation conditions. Therefore, a sensitive, robust, accurate, and stability indicating method was developed with high degree of practical utility.
A BUCOLIC REMEDY OF FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL HAIR OIL
Authors: U KASHID SNEHAL
Published: December 2021

Objective: The birth of cosmetics forms an incessant narrative throughout the past of man as they developed. The present study aimed to formulate polyherbal hair oil using various efficient herbs.
Methods: Hair oil formulation of Cocos nucifera (oil), Ricinus communis (oil), Brassica juncea (oil), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Seeds), Murraya koenigii (Leaf), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Flowers), Nigella sativa (seeds), and Cinnamomum camphora in the form of polyherbal oil using boiling method. These ingredients are rich in various phytochemicals, vitamins, proteins, antioxidants, and so many other constituents which are important for the growth and rejuvenation of the hair cycle. Evaluation of hair oil carries out by various parameters such as sensitivity test, acid value, saponification value, phytochemical screening, pH, specific gravity, viscosity, and irritation test.
Results: All the values of evaluation are within the acceptable limit. As compared to market formulations, this herbal oil having minimal or zero adverse effects.
Conclusion: It is concluded that formulated hair oil boost hair growth, decrease hair fall, dandruff, gray hair, and gives lustrous and shiny hairs.
STUDY OF DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND COMPLICATIONS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: PAVAN KUMAR M  , REVATHI G  , SUPRAJA K, SECHANA K
Published: December 2021

Objective: To study the demographic analysis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management in covid-19 patients. To assess the complications in covid-19 patients.

Methods: A retrospective observational single centered study is carried out to study the demographic analysis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management, and complications in covid-19 patients.

Results: Among 100 covid-19 patients 58% were male and 42% were female. Percentages of age group between 60-70 years (27%), 50-60 (20%), 40-50 (16%), 70-80 (16%), 30-40 (8%), 20-30 (5%), 80-90 (4%), and 10-20 (4%). Co-morbidities were diabetes (44%), hypertension (28%), CAD (21%), thyroid (19%), COPD (12%), anemia (8%), and renal impairment (4%). Signs and symptoms were fever (88%), cough (80%), SOB (72%), fatigue (68%), myalgia (60%), loss of appetite (52%), cold (24%), loss of smell and taste (20%), diarrhea and vomiting (12%). (97%) of the patients had two or more symptoms. Diagnostic test include RT-PCR (100%), HRCT (100%), O2 saturation (99%), D-dimer (65%), c-reactive (60%), Procalcitonin (60%), and also LDH, IL-6,PT, INR, ferritin, CBP, WBC. Treatment includes antiviral (100%), antibiotics (100%), corticosteroids (73%), immunosuppressant (54%), and antihypertensive, antidiabetic, Antiplatelets, bronchodilators, vitamins, and mineral supplements.

Conclusion: Covid-19 infects the males more and average ages of 65 years are at risk. Hypertension and diabetes were most common co-morbid condition. Fever and cough are major followed by weakness sob and cold. RT- PCR and HRCT are accurate tool to detect covid-19. Although standard treatment is not yet available antibiotics and antiviral are used followed by corticosteroids. Majority of the patients have mild and moderate injection and with the lowest death rate. Older age and co-morbid conditions are major risk factors.
A CONCISE PICTURE OF HERNIA
Authors: ROY ATHIRA , RAVI KRISHNA , T REJI REEJA
Published: December 2021

A hernia is a disease wherein organs or tissues, like the bowel, bulge through the abdominal wall. The etiological, as well as precipitating factors for hernia include abdominal pressure, pre-existing weakness of abdominal muscles, gender, obesity, age, diet, lack of regular exercise, and smoking. Swelling, stiffness, and discomfort seem to be the most prevalent hernia symptoms, particularly while straining, moving, or bending down. Open and laparoscopic techniques are mainly used for hernia repair, both use mesh to counterbalance the abdominal wall flaws and provide a tension-free restoration.
THE PATTERN OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS POISONING AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL COLLEGE IN NORTHERN INDIA
Authors: KANIKA KOHLI  , RANJODH JEET SINGH
Published: December 2021

Objective: A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital collaborated with a medical college, to analyze the drug therapy including antidotes administered and pattern of Organophosphorous compounds poisoning. 
Material and methods: The data are analytically drawn from record sheets of Organophosphorous poisoning patients. The collected tabulated data were statistically analyzed with SPSS version for the pattern of Organophosphorous compounds poisoning.
Results: The demographic data of 122 Organophosphorous poisoning clinical cases documented 84.42 % suicidal tendency and 15.57 % accidental exposure of patients, 66.39 % in the age of 15-24 years, and 70.49 % were females and 70.49 % from a rural background, and 29.50 % from an urban background. Before pharmacotherapy, all patients were subjected to general supportive measures including stomach wash, and patients were administered pharmacotherapy consisting of Pralidoxime (23.77 %) and Atropine (41.80 %). 
Conclusion: This present concluded that patients diagnosed with Organophosphorous poisoning can be managed by alone administration of atropine as an antidote which is available as a cost-effective drug as compared to Pralidoxime. Thus cost-effectiveness can be significantly reduced by the rational drug use and strict implementation of the pesticide act to further strengthen the proper maintenance of procurement of Organophosphorous compounds for exclusive agricultural purpose.
COMPUTATIONAL SCREENING AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF LICHEN SECONDARY METABOLITES AGAINST SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-COV-2 MAIN PROTEASE AND SPIKE PROTEIN
Authors: S SENTHIL PRABHU , R SATHISHKUMAR , B KIRUTHIKA
Published: December 2021

Objective: At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic is increasing global health concerns. This coronavirus outbreak is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2. Since, no specific antiviral for treatment against COVID-19, so identification of new therapeutics is an urgent need. The objective of this study is to the analysis of lichen compounds against main protease and spike protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 using in silico approach.
Methods: A total of 108 lichen compounds were subjected to ADMET analysis and 14 compounds were selected based on the ADMET properties and Lipinski’s rule of five. Molecular docking was performed for screening of selected individual lichen metabolites against the main protease and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 by Schrodinger Glide module software.
Results: Among the lead compounds, fallacinol showed the highest binding energy value of −11.83 kcal/mol against spike protein, 4-O-Demethylbarbatic acid exhibited the highest dock score of −11.67 kcal/mol against main protease.
Conclusion: This study finding suggests that lichen substances may be potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2.
Role of Serum creatinine in forecasting the outcome after cardiac surgery beyond acute kidney injury-A Cross sectional Study
Authors: DIVYA DHARSHINI B  , SMITA PADHY  , GIRIJAVANI D S S  , PAYALA VIJAYA LAKSHMI
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Acute kidney damage (Acute kidney injury [AKI]) is defined by elevations in serum creatinine levels that occur after surgery. In cardiac surgery, creatinine is a critical determinant. This study highlights the detection of serum creatinine as an early diagnostic and predictive marker of AKI following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to estimate the serum creatinine concentrations before and at 24 and 48 h after CABG.
Methods: It is a single center, Cross-sectional study. Patients from Cardiothoracic and Vascular surgery undergoing CABG in Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute were included in the study. A total of 80 cases were included in the study. The method used for measurement of serum creatinine is by modification of kinetic Jaffe reaction. Data were analyzed using Stata/SE version 16.0 and represented in terms of means, standard deviation at 95% confidence level and t’ test was performed as statistical analysis and p<0.05 indicates significance. Sigma plot software version 10.0 was used to draw the standard error mean graphs.
Results: The serum creatinine values at 24 h after the surgery was statistically higher than the preoperative values at 5% significance level (p=0.04). The serum creatinine values 48 h after the surgery was also statistically higher than the preoperative values at 1% significance level (p=0.001). The serum creatinine values 48 h after surgery are highly significant (p=0.001) when compared to the serum creatinine values 24 h after surgery.
Conclusion: Before an increase in serum creatinine level is detected, over 50% of renal function must be lost. It was concluded that serum creatinine is an inadequate and delayed marker of AKI.
A REVIEW ON TRANSDERMAL PATCHES USED AS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT
Authors: CHOUDHURY DEIJY , DUTTA KOUSHIK NANDAN , KALITA RAMEN
Published: December 2021

The transdermal drug delivery system is widely accepted due to its numerous advantages as it is a non-invasive drug administration process with prolonged therapeutic effect, reduced side effects, improved bioavailability, better patient compliance, and easy termination of drug therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Diclofenac sodium, Lornoxicam, Aceclofenac, Ibuprofen, antihypertensive drugs, for example, Repaglinide, Atenolol, and Antiviral agents such as Stavudine, zidovudine represents the most commonly used medications for the treatment of pain and inflammatory reaction but various side effects can limit their use. Therefore, transdermal delivery of these drugs has advantages of avoiding hepatic first-pass effect, gastric irritation and delivering the drug for an extended period of time at a sustained level. The present article mainly focuses on the work been done on these drugs by formulated and delivered as transdermal patches to decrease the side effects related to the oral delivery.
PATTERN OF MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSIES CONDUCTED AT TIRUPATI, ANDHRA PRADESH: A 3-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: PRASAD K. JYOTI , VENKATESULU B. , KHALID M. ABDUL
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Death of an individual is a grave loss to the family and community at large. Death may be natural or unnatural. Analysis of unnatural deaths helps in understanding the causes, manner, and modes of deaths, thereby formulate and implement a proper policy to reduce incidence.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of autopsies conducted over 3 years (2018–2020) in the mortuary of Sri Venkateshwara Medical College, Tirupati. During this period, 2579 autopsies were performed. Required data were collected from the requisitions of police, inquest reports, case sheets, medicolegal register, and postmortem reports in a preformed pro forma.
Results: Out of the 2579 cases, majority were in the age group of 21–30 years (34.62%) followed by 41–50 years (18.06%). Male-to-female ratio was 2.5:1. Majority were Hindus (83.52%) and most of the subjects belonged to the rural areas (62.89%). Majority were married (78.40%). The most common cause of death was road traffic accident (48.04%) followed by poisoning (15.82%). Accidental deaths were the most common manner of death (60.56%) followed by suicides (33.96%).
Conclusion: The present study reveals that the most cases were in 21–30 years age group. Males outnumbered females and the subjects were mostly married and were from rural areas. Road traffic accidents were common cause of death in males and poisoning was the common cause of death in females.
Determinantes de la migración en Centroamérica y República Dominicana
Authors: Benzán Benzán Yulisa M.
Published: December 2021

Se realiza un análisis integral de las causas y determinantes de la migración internacional en Belice, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá y la República Dominicana, países miembros del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA). Específicamente, se emplea un modelo de datos de panel estimado por efectos aleatorios, que abarca el período 1990-2015, en el cual se plantea la verificación de las principales hipótesis sugeridas en la literatura relacionadas a factores económicos, geográficos, sociales, comerciales, políticos y culturales asociados a la migración. Los resultados sugieren que la percepción de ingresos promedios más altos, aproximado por las diferencias salariales entre ambos países, por sí sola no resulta suficiente para explicar la emigración de la región, sin embargo, constituye el determinante estructural más importante cuando se toman en consideración variables del tipo social, político y cultural. Asimismo, la población tiende a emigrar a países que garanticen una vida más longeva, pero también a sociedades más desiguales en términos económicos. La inseguridad o percepción de riesgo en el país de destino y un mayor flujo de inversión extranjera directa (IED) reducen la tasa de emigración de los países de la región.
Comparative study on Conventional and Smart Building Material in terms of TQC
Authors: Gaikwad Siddhesh
Published: December 2021

Abstract: There are several new-age „smart‟ building materials which are cost effective and long lasting and which would help to build or rebuild smart buildings, as a more eco- friendly and sustainable habitat. In India since ancient time construction is done by using conventional building materials. But now a days concept of smart building materials is introduced. These are durable, eco-friendly, cost effective. Still use of conventional materials is more than smart building materials. Due to lack of knowledge about smart building materials we don't use such materials. Control over quality and sustainability of finished building. Justification of the environmental cost of manufactures. So with the help of project i.e. Comparative study between smart and conventional building, there is comparison as per cost, strength, durability. In this, how both buildings are different in their features like long lasting life, implementation of materials, speed of construction, sustainability of materials is shown. For this project there is use of software for developing, analyzing and designing the reinforced concrete building. Keywords: smart material, conventional material, cost
A Review Article on Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Minimizing Energy Consumption
Authors: Kori Prachi
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Recent developments in the area of micro-sensor devices have accelerated advances in the sensor networks field leading to many new protocols specifically designed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Wireless sensor networks with hundreds to thousands of sensor nodes can gather information from an unattended location and transmit the gathered data to a particular user, depending on the application. These sensor nodes have some constraints due to their limited energy, storage capacity and computing power. Data are routed from one node to other using different routing protocols. There are a number of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. In this review article, we discuss the architecture of wireless sensor networks. Further, we categorize the routing protocols according to some key factors and summarize their mode of operation. Finally, we provide a comparative study on these various protocols. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, TEEN protocol, isolated node
Hipokalemia de grandiente transtubular alto: Presentación de caso y una propuesta práctica para su enfoque
Authors: Torres S. Rodolfo , Rosselli Carlos , Olivares Carlos , Olivares Orlando , Rumpf Paola M. , Pulido Medina Cristian
Published: December 2021

El potasio es un ion de predominio intracelular involucrado en múltiples funciones esenciales para mantener la homeostasis celular. Por lo anterior, sus concentraciones a nivel plasmático se encuentran estrechamente reguladas mediante el sistema renal y endocrino; además de estar afectado ante situciones como la acidosis, cambios en la osmolaridad plasmática y concentración de otros electrolitios. La hipokalemia es un trastorno electrolitico común en la plráctica clínica causado por aporte inadecuado o pérdidas excesivas. Su enfoque diagnóstico requiere de una apropiada historia clínica que incluya antecedentes personales patológicos, farmacológicos, examen físico detallado con determinación del estado de volemia e hidratación del paciente así como la medición de otros electrolitos a nivel plasmático y ocasionalmente en orina. El gradiente transtubular de potasio es una herramienta útil para direccionar posibles causas. Dentro de las causas de hipokalemia de gradiente transtubular elevado se encuentra el sindrome de Bartter.
On a general degenerate/singular parabolic equation with a nonlocal space term
Authors: Allal Brahim , Fragnelli Genni , Salhi Jawad
Published: December 2021

In this paper we study the null controllability for the problems
associated to the operators y_t-Ay - \lambda/b(x)
y+\int_0^1 K(t,x,\tau)y(t,
\tau) d\tau, (t,x) \in
(0,T)\times (0,1) where Ay := ay_{xx} or Ay :=
(ay_x)_x and the functions a and b degenerate at an interior point x0
Ë .0; 1/. To this aim, as a first step we study the well posedness, the
Carleman estimates and the null controllability for the associated
nonhomogeneous degenerate and singular heat equations. Then,using the
Kakutani’s fixed point Theorem, we deduce the null controllability
property for the initial nonlocal problems.
Antioxidant Activity of Amino Acid Sodium and Potassium Salts in Vegetable Oils at Frying Temperatures
Authors: Hwang Hong-Sik , Winkler-Moser Jill , Liu Sean
Published: December 2021

Previous studies reported that several amino acids had strong
antioxidant activity in vegetable oils under frying conditions. In this
study, the carboxylic acid group of amino acids was converted to a
carboxylate group (-COO-Na+ or -COO-K+), a heating study was conducted
with amino acid salts in soybean oil at 180 ºC. Sodium salts of amino
acids including alanine, phenylalanine, and proline and disodium
glutamate had significantly stronger antioxidant activity than the
corresponding amino acids, and potassium salts had stronger antioxidant
activity than sodium salts. Potassium salts of alanine and phenylalanine
more effectively retained tocopherols in soybean oil than the
corresponding amino acids during heating. Phenylalanine potassium salt
had stronger antioxidant activity than phenylalanine in other vegetable
oils including olive, high oleic soybean, canola, avocado, and corn
oils. Phenylalanine potassium salt at 5.5. mM more effectively prevented
oil oxidation than tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), a synthetic
antioxidant, at its legal concentration limit (0.02%) indicating its
feasibility as a new antioxidant for frying.
LER É CIVILIZADO, ESCREVER É BÁRBARO: CONSTRUÇÕES TEXTUAIS COM ADOLESCENTES APRENDENTES EM TEMPOS PANDÊMICOS
Authors: Gomes Evangelista Edson
Published: December 2021

De repente, não mais que de repente, fez-se necessário o ensino emergencial virtual, de noite para um dia, não mais presença pessoalizada nas interações face a face, corporificadas em sala de aula. Ante a conjuntura ensejada pelo pandêmico, como mobilizar discentes adolescentes para produzirem textos, excogitarem e se apropriarem do próprio processo de escrita? Da necessária e urgente resposta a esta indagação erigiu-se a experiência narrada aqui. Buscou-se, por meio de uma sequência didática, co-construir com estudantes do Ensino Médio integrado a Cursos Técnicos, artigos de opinião de modo que com a edição, reescrita, apropriação metalinguística e publicitação, ensejaram a produção de vídeos compartilhados em diferentes redes sociais. A produção enunciada foi factível porque as relações docente/discentes se ampliaram e adquiriram o propósito político, converteu-se em ato político com vistas a alcançar outros adolescentes aprendentes em contextos de escolas públicas.
The Realization of the Organic Integration of Ideology Education in University Classroom
Authors:   School of Economics & Management, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223001, China, Zhao Wen-Xuan , Fang Liu ,   School of Foreign Languages, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, China
Published: December 2021

The opening of Ideology course has a certain significance for the ideology education of college students, and the strengthening of Ideology education is also the requirement of the comprehensive development of socialism with characteristics in China. This paper points out the problems existing in the integration of Ideology education by analyzing the realization path of the organic integration of Ideology education in university classroom. The combination of Ideology education and innovation and entrepreneurship education is not only the internal demand for the development of innovation and entrepreneurship education, but also the practical need for the current ideology education reform and development. Colleges and universities should play a leading role in the value of ideology education, build a carrier of practical activities, integrate the educational curriculum system, improve the collaborative education system, and promote the organic integration of ideology education and innovation and entrepreneurship education. The integration of ideology course and student work in ideology education of college students is not only the objective requirement of social environment development, but also the realistic way out of the dilemma of ideology education and the realization of comprehensive expansion effect.
Agradecimentos
Authors: Executiva Editoria
Published: December 2021

Os números 260, 261 e 262 da Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos, correspondentes ao volume 102, não teriam sido publicados sem a relevante colaboração dos seguintes pareceristas ad hoc (01/08/2020 a 31/07/2021):
PENGARUH BAHAN ORGANIK BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KAKAO BELUM MENGHASILKAN
Authors: Rosniawaty Santi
Published: December 2021

Tanaman kakao merupakan tanaman perkebunan dengan ciri khas bunga dan buah muncul dari batang atau cabang.  Produksi kakao dipengaruhi oleh keadaan saat tanam. Peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman pada awal tanam kakao dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian bahan organik.  Saat ini terdapat bahan organik berbentuk cair, namun pengaruhnya terhadap kakao belum menghasilkan belum diketahui, karena pada umumnya bahan organik yang digunakan pada tanaman kakao berbentuk padat.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh bahan organik berbeda (asam humat dan pupuk kotoran sapi) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kakao belum menghasilkan. Percobaan dilakukan  pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2017 di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan dan 3 (tiga) ulangan.  Perlakuan yang diaplikasikan adalah dosis asam humat per tanaman (0ml, 5ml, 10ml,15ml, dan 20ml) dan dosis pupuk kotoran sapi per tanaman (0kg, 5kg, 10kg, 15kg dan 20kg). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan. bahan organik berbeda tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan indeks klorofil tanaman kakao belum menghasilkan. Namun demikian terlihat bahwa aplikasi bahan organik berbeda berpengaruh  terhadap  pertambahan jumlah daun pada tanaman kakao  berumur 1 bulan, 8 bulan dan 10 bulan setelah tanam.  Pupuk kotoran sapi 10kg per tanaman yang diberikan pada awal pertumbuhan tanaman memberikan pertambahan jumlah daun terbaik.
Pengaturan Lingkungan Inkubasi Suhu dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Daya Tumbuh Benih Carica
Authors: Ahadiyat Yugi R
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penghilangan lapisan sarcotesta terhadap viabilitas benih carica dan menentukan suhu optimum untuk mematahkan dormansi benih dan mempertahankan viabilitas benih carica. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu penghilangan lapisan sarcotesta terdiri atas benih tanpa sarcotesta dan bersarcotesta, dan inkubasi suhu yang terdiri atas inkubasi 15ºC, 25ºC, 35ºC, dan 450C. Variabel yang diamati antara lain kadar air (%), daya hantar listrik (mS/m), laju respirasi benih (mol/g/jam) dan jumlah benih rusak (%) dan uji lapangan antara lain daya kecambah (%), kecepatan pematahan dormansi (hari), potensi tumbuh maksimum (%), dan indeks vigor benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penghilangan lapisan sarcotesta mampu mempertahankan viabilitas benih carica. Namun demikian, belum ditemukan suhu optimum yang mampu mematahkan dormansi benih dan mempertahankan viabilitas benih.
Pengaruh Cara Pemberian Pupuk NPK dan Frekuensi Pemberian Paclobutrazol terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Benih Kentang Go di Dataran Medium
Authors: Hamdani Jajang Sauman , Sumadi Sumadi , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Mubarok Syariful , Harisy Marrisa Putri
Published: December 2021

Produksi benih kentang di dataran medium dapat menjadi pilihan lain sekaligus dapat menghindari kerusakan lingkungan dan terbatasnya areal per tanaman di dataran tinggi. Sedangkan, benih merupakan kunci sukses budidaya kentang. Salah satu upaya untuk peningkatan produksi benih kentang generasi ke-0 (Go) adalah  pemberian pupuk NPK dan zat pengatur tumbuh. Sehubungan hal tersebut maka perlu dilakukan kajian  cara pemberian pupuk NPK dan frekuensi pemberian paclobutrazol yang tepat untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil benih kentang Go Kultivar Median di dataran medium. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara  cara pemeberian pupuk NPK dan frekuensi pemberian paclobutrazol yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil benih kentang G0 di dataran medium. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kampus Jatinangor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok  Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah cara pemberian pupuk NPK (butiran, cair, butiran+cair) dan Faktor kedua frekuensi pemberian  (1 kali (50 Hst), 2 kali (50, 60 Hst)  dan 3  kali (50,60,70 Hst)) Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat  interaksi antara cara pemberian pupuk NPK  dan frekuensi pemberian paclobutrazol  terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil benih kentang Go. Cara pemberian pupuk NPK dicairkan   dapat meningkatkan  tinggi tanaman, luas daun, indek luas daun , bobot kering tanaman, jumlah ubi  (7.61butir/tanaman) dan bobot ubi per tanaman  yaitu 98.75 g/tanaman ubi benih kentang G0. Frekuensi pemberian pupuk NPK 3 kali yang diberikan pada umur 50,60 dan 70 hari setelah tanam mampu meningkatkan kandungan klorofil, jumlah  ubi (7,50 butir/tanaman)  dan bobot ubi tertinggi yaitu  104.40 g/tanaman ubi benih kentang G0.Kata Kunci: kentang Go, cara pemberian pupuk NPK, frekuensi pemberian paclobutrazol,  dataran medium
Stabilitas Hidrogel dalam Penghantaran Obat
Authors: Saputro M. Ramadhan , Windhu Wardhana Yoga , Wathoni Nasrul
Published: December 2021

Produk obat yang diproduksi harus dilakukan pengujian stabilitas guna untuk mengetahui umur simpan dan jalur degradasi suatu obat. Produk obat seperti hidrogel sangat rentan terjadi penurunan mutu kualitas. Sehingga pengujian stabilitas penting dilakukan terutama terkait dalam proses pengajuan izin edar suatu produk. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari review artikel untuk mengetahui parameter pengujian stabilitas hidrogel, jalur degradasi dan bahan yang dapat meningkatkan stabilitas sediaan hidrogel. Parameter pengujian yang dilakukan beberapa literatur seperti fisika (organoleptis, titik leleh), kimia (kandungan obat, pH) dan mikrobiologi. Sediaan hidrogel umumnya terdegradasi melalui jalur kimiawi seperti oksidasi dan hidrolisis, oleh karena itu, perlu menanggulanggi dari kekurangan tersebut, yang diantaranya yaitu dengan penambahan polimer alami maupun sintesis serta modifikasi sediaan hidrogel guna meningkatkan stabilitas sebagai sistem penghantaran obat.
Enfoque Híbrido para la Clasificación de Muestras Histológicas para la Detección de Tumores Cerebrales: Descomposición lineal y Redes Neuronales
Authors:   , Cruz-Guerrero I. A.
Published: December 2021

Hyperspectral imaging has demonstrated its potential to provide information of the chemical composition of tissue and also of its morphological characteristics. However, discerning the presence of a pathology through this information is not a simple task. Because of this, a hybrid methodology is proposed in this work, which combines the identification of characteristic components present in a hyperspectral image from linear unmixing methods, and the ability to distinguish patterns from a neural network. The results of this research show that the proposed method can distinguish a tumor condition from histological brain samples with an average accuracy of 86%. The study demonstrates the potential of hybrid classification methodologies in the analysis of spectral information for the identification of histological samples affected by tumor tissue.