bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pien Tze Huang Regulates Phosphorylation of Metabolic Enzymes in Mice of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lin Jinxia , Wang Shicong , Lan Wenliang , Ji Ming , Li Mei
Published: June 2022

The Chinese medicine formula Pien Tze Huang (PZH) has been applied to the treatment of various diseases, the reported anti-tumor mechanisms included regulation of inflammation-associated cytokine secretion and cancer growth pathways. However, the potential influence of PZH on tumor metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the global effect of PZH on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with the anti-tumor agent sorafenib based on proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis in addition to parallel response monitoring (PRM) verification. It was observed that PZH could inhibit tumor weight by 59%-69% in different concentrations. Proteomic studies indicated that fructose/mannose metabolism and glucagon signaling pathway in PZH group, and arachidonic acid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway in sorafenib group, were significantly enriched, while glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was found to be enriched remarkably both in PZH and sorafenib groups in phosphoproteomic study. Expressions of significant proteins/peptides in the enriched pathways were further verified by using PRM method, and the results verified that both PZH and sorafenib could down-regulate phosphorylations of the metabolic enzymes phosphofructokinases 1, fructose-bisphosphate Aldolase A, phosphoglycerate mutase 2 and lactate dehydrogenase A chain in glycolytic pathway, furthermore, phosphorylations of long chain fatty acid CoA ligase in fatty acid activation and acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase in glycolysis were obviously inhibited by PZH and sorafenib, respectively. This study proposed that PZH shared a similar anti-tumor mechanism of metabolic regulation to sorafenib, but differed in the regulation of some metabolic nodes. This is the first time to uncover the relationship between the anti-tumor effect of PZH and metabolic related enzymes, which distinguished from the known mechanisms of PZH. These data provided the potential molecular basis for PZH acting as a therapeutic drug for HCC, and offered cues of manipulation on Warburg effect under the treatment of PZH.
Assessment of Heavy Metals in Children's Blood from the Rural Region of Popokabaka, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study and Spatial Analysis
Authors: Mbunga Branly Kilola , Gjengedal Elin L. F. , Bangelesa Freddy , Langfjord Mina M. , Bosonkie Marc M. , Strand Tor A. , Mapatano Mala Ali , Engebretsen Ingunn M. S.
Published: June 2022

Heavy metals affect cell differentiation, neurocognitive development, and growth during early life, even in low doses. Little is known about heavy metal exposure and its relationship with nutrition outcomes in nonmining rural environments. We carried out a community-based cross-sectional study to describe the distribution of four heavy metal concentrations [arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg)] in the serum of a representative population of children aged 12 to 59 months old from the rural region of Popokabaka, Democratic Republic of Congo. The four metals were measured in 412 samples using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Limits of detection (LoD) and limits of quantification (LoQ) were set. Percentiles were reported. Statistical and geospatial bivariate analyses were performed to identify relationships with other nutrition outcomes. Arsenic was quantified in 59.7%, while Cd, Hg, and Pb were quantified in less than 10%, all without toxicities. The arsenic level was negatively associated with the zinc level, while the Hg level was positively associated with the selenium level. This common detection of As in children of Popokabaka requires attention, and urgent drinking water exploration and intervention for the profit of the Popokabaka community should be considered.
Near field and far field plasmonic enhancements with bilayers of different dimensions AgNPs@DLC for improved current density in silicon solar
Authors: Hekmat Maryam , Shafiekhani Azizollah , Khabir Mehdi
Published: June 2022

The effect of a bilayer of different dimension silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on light trapping in silicon solar cells is investigated. Here, we report on the improved performance of silicon solar cells by integrating two layers of silver nanoparticles of different sizes. We experimentally examine the plasmonic near-field and far-field effects of bilayer Ag NPs embedded within an anti-reflective DLC layer on the optical and electrical characteristics of silicon solar cells. The two-dimensional differences in the size of Ag NPs were driven by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The surface plasmon resonance of the two-dimensional nanoparticles was estimated from the absorption optical spectra. External quantum efficiency measurements showed that near-field or far-field plasmonic effects altered with the Ag NPs size. The effect of far fields was confirmed by measuring the solar cell performance under AM 1.5 G illumination. The effect of the far-field in the cell containing two layers of Ag NPs, which outer layer is larger dimensions NPs, improves the current density up to 38.4 mA/cm2 (by 70% compared to the bare reference cell).
Comparison of Different Methods in Determining the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Size in Adult Patients
Authors: Şişecioğlu Yasemin Dark , Gökel Erol , Hancı Volkan , Ozbilgin Sule
Published: June 2022

PurposeIn this study, we aimed to compare the effects of different LMA size selection methods on successful LMA application, perioperative ventilation parameters and postoperative airway complications in determining the appropriate size of LMA used for elective surgery in adult patients in our operating room.MethodsAll data obtained from records of ASA group I-II patients between ages 18 and 70, who were anesthetized by using LMA and had elective surgery. Cases were classified according to methods used for deciding appropriate LMA size, and retrospectively successful LMA application, perioperative ventilation parameters and postoperative complications were recorded.ResultsA total of 190 patients were included in our study grouped in 5 different ways. For the 51 cases, the LMA size was chosen according to the body weight of the patients in LMA size selection guided weight according to the body weight of the manufacturer. For the thirty-three cases, the size of the LMA, approximately equal to the width of the external auditory canal auricula, was used. The size of the LMA selected for thirty-eight cases was the LMA dimensions corresponding to the language width of the cases. In thirty-six cases, the size of the LMA that corresponds to the width of the fingers, while the thumb, and the small finger were opened to the outside, and the second, third and fourth fingers were adjacent, were preferred. In thirty-two cases, it was found that the appropriate LMA was chosen to correspond to this distance by looking at the thyromental distances of the cases. The best score in terms of LMA insertion score was found out to be in Group Ear. The best group in terms of the number of attempts to place the LMA in the cases was found out as Group Ear. Group Ear was the best group for the complications of sore throat in terms of postoperative complications.ConclusionThe results of our study showed that the ear size measurement method was one of the effective methods to decide the appropriate LMA size. Therefore, it can be said that the ear size can be used as a guide for the selection of the appropriate LMA size. This method may be an addition to the methods currently in use and can save users from remembering formulas and tables based on body weight / gender.
Nonlinear dynamics of traveling beam with longitudinally varying axial tension and variable velocity under parametric and internal resonances
Authors: Raj Sanjay Kumar , Sahoo Bamadev , Nayak Alok Ranjan , Panda L. N
Published: June 2022

In this investigation, the nonlinear dynamics of an axially accelerating viscoelastic beam on a pully mounting system have been analyzed. The axial tension of the beam is modeled as a function of the traveling velocity, support stiffness parameter as well as spatial coordinate. Geometric cubic nonlinearity appeared in the equation of motion due to elongation set in the neutral axis of the beam. The integro-partial differential equation of motion of the axially accelerating beam associated with the simply-supported end conditions is solved analytically by adopting the direct perturbation method of multiple time scales (MMS). As a result, a set of complex variable modulation equations are generated, which governs the modulation of amplitude and phase. This set of modulated equations is numerically solved to explore the influence of the support stiffness parameter upon the stability and bifurcation of the beam which has not been addressed in the existing literature. Apart from this, the impact of fluctuating velocity component, viscoelastic coefficient, longitudinal stiffness parameter, internal and parametric detuning parameters on the stability and bifurcation analysis is studied, revealing significant dynamic characteristics of the traveling system. The Fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is applied is to find the dynamic solution of the system. The system displays stable periodic, quasi-periodic, and mixed-mode dynamic responses along with the unstable chaotic behavior for a specific set of system parameters. The results obtained through an analytical-numerical approach may help the design and operation of an axially moving beam.
An infantile traumatic brain injury with a bright tree appearance detected before the late seizure
Authors: Kaneko Naoki , Nishizawa Hideo , Fujimoto Junichi , Nanao Taikan , Kimura Yasuhiro , Owada Gen
Published: June 2022

Infantile traumatic brain injury (TBI) rarely follows a biphasic clinical course and exhibits a bright tree appearance (BTA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This is termed infantile traumatic brain injury with a biphasic clinical course and late reduced diffusion (TBIRD). TBIRD has clinical features similar to those of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD). It remains to be clarified which patients with infantile TBI will develop TBIRD and the prevention and treatment of TBIRD. We report a case of TBIRD that exhibited BTA 1 day before the late seizure and review 12 cases of TBIRD. All patients developed a subdural hematoma (SDH), were younger than 2 years, and presented with a biphasic phase within 3-6 days. The median interval between BTA and TBI was 5 days. Of the 5 cases examined with MRI before the biphasic phase, only our case was detected with BTA 4 days after TBI. Therefore, predicting the biphasic clinical course may be possible by examining MR images after TBI in patients under 2 years of age who develop SDH with unconsciousness, seizure, or hemiplegia, and these patients should be strictly followed up for 1 week.
Analysis of inguinal hernia in children: Experience of a single institution with 1185 cases
Authors: DURSUN Ahmet , ÖZTAŞ Tülin
Published: June 2022

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to give an overview of inguinal hernia in children, recognize the experiences of our clinic and compare them with the literature.Methods: A total of 1185 patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair between August 2016 and February 2022 were included in this study. Patients' age, gender, inguinal hernia type, hernia side, incarceration, contralateral hernia formation, recurrence and other related complications were evaluated. Results: Of the patients, 71% were male, and 29% were female (2.44:1). Patients’ ages ranged from five days to 17 years (mean 51 ± 42 months). Hernia was on the right side in 58.6% patients, on the left side in 30.3% patients, and bilateral in 11.1% patients. Contralateral hernia developed in 2.6% of the patients and there was no difference between gender regarding incidence (p>0.05). Postoperative complications developed in 5.2% of the patients. All eight patients who developed hernia recurrence were male. The proportion of patients who were operated on for incarcerated hernia was 1.7%. Conclusion: There was no difference between the genders regarding the percentage of sides (p>0.05). The rate of recurrent hernia was higher under the age of one. We found that the rate of incarceration increased with low gestational age. We conclude that routine contralateral inguinal exploration is not indicated. The complication rate is higher in patients with multiple comorbidities in hernia patients.
Genomic landscape of prominent XDR Acinetobacter clonal complexes from Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Aura , Styczynski Ashley , Khaleque Abdul , Hossain Sakib Abrar , Sadique Abdus , Hossain Arman , Jain Mukesh , Tabassum Syeda Naushin , Khan Fahad , Bhuiyan Mohammad Sami Salman , Alam Jahidul , Khandakar Amith , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul , Kashem Saad Bin Abul , Chowdhury Muhammad E. H. , Hossain Maqsud
Published: June 2022

Background:
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (ACB) complex pathogens are known for their prevalence in nosocomial infections and extensive antimicrobial resistance (AMR) capabilities. While genomic studies worldwide have elucidated the genetic context of antibiotic resistance in major international clones (ICs) of clinical Acinetobacter spp., not much information is available from Bangladesh. In this study, we analysed the AMR profiles of 63 ACB complex strains collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Following this, we generated draft genomes of 15 of these strains to understand the prevalence and genomic environments of AMR, virulence and mobilization associated genes in different Acinetobacter clones.
Results:
Around 84% (n = 53) of the strains were extensively drug resistant (XDR) with two showing pan-drug resistance. Draft genomes generated for 15 strains confirmed 14 to be A. baumannii while one was A. nosocomialis. Most A. baumannii genomes fell under three clonal complexes (CCs): the globally dominant CC1 and CC2, and CC10; one strain had a novel sequence type (ST). AMR phenotype-genotype agreement was observed and the genomes contained various beta-lactamase genes including blaADC-25 (n = 14), blaOXA-23 (n = 12) and blaNDM-1 (n = 3). All genomes displayed roughly similar virulomes, however some virulence genes such as the Acinetobactin bauA and the type IV pilus gene pilA displayed high genetic variability. CC2 strains carried highest levels of plasmidic gene content and possessed conjugative elements carrying AMR genes, virulence factors and insertion sequences.
Conclusion:
This study presents the first comparative genomic analysis of XDR clinical Acinetobacter spp. from Bangladesh. It highlights the prevalence of different classes of beta-lactamases, mobilome-derived heterogeneity in genetic architecture and virulence gene variability in prominent Acinetobacter clonal complexes in the country. The findings of this study would be valuable in understanding the genomic epidemiology of A. baumannii clones and their association with closely related pathogenic species like A. nosocomialis in Bangladesh.
Changes in nutritional and bio-functional compounds and antioxidant capacity after mixed whole grain fermentation By
Authors: Wang Chih-Feng , Huang Cui-Rou , Lu Ying Chen
Published: June 2022

Whole grains are rich in nutrients. Microbial fermentation of grains increases their nutritional content and their antioxidant capacity. This study uses a mixed grain fermentation broth as a starter to ferment a mixture of eight grains: millet, wheat, sorghum, black rice, buckwheat, pear rice, black glutinous rice, and red quinoa. The fermentation was done for 13 weeks, to discern the quantitative changes in the concentration of amino acids, antioxidant capacity, GABA, glucuronic acid, ACE inhibition, total flavonoids and total phenols. After fermentation, the results indicated that the total phenols concentration increased by 2605%, total flavonoids increased by 1707%, ABTS radical scavenging capacity increased by 239%, DPPH radical scavenging capacity increased by 325%, GABA increased by 4810%, glucuronic acid increased by 4278%, and ACE inhibition activity increased by 69.28%.
Predictors of Morbidity in Revisional Bariatric Surgery and Bariatric Emergencies at an MBSAQIP-Accredited Community Hospital
Authors: Oviedo Rodolfo J. , Tomey Daniel , Martinino Alessandro , Nguyen-Lee Joseph , Lopez Alfred , Shenwai Priya , Nayak Tapan , Chai Jichong , Long Zhuoxin , Wiseman James
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery revisions and emergencies are associated with higher morbidity and mortality compared to primary bariatric surgery. No formal outcome benchmarks exist that distinguish MBSAQIP-accredited centers in the community from unaccredited institutions. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted on 53 bariatric surgery revisions and 61 bariatric surgical emergencies by a single surgeon at a high-volume community hospital accredited program from 2018 to 2020. Primary outcomes were complications or deaths occurring within 30-days of the index procedure. Secondary outcomes included operative time, leaks, surgical site occurrences (SSOs), and deep surgical site infections. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics of the study groups. Mean operative time was significantly longer for revisions as compared to emergency operations (149.5 vs 89.4 minutes). Emergencies had higher surgical site infection (SSI) (5.7% vs 21.3%, p<0.05) and surgical site occurrence (SSO) (1.9% vs 29.5%, p<0.05) rates compared to revisions. Logistic regression analysis identified several factors to be predictive of increased risk of morbidity: pre-operative albumin <3.5 g/dL (p<0.05), recent bariatric procedure within the last 30 days (p<0.05), prior revisional bariatric surgery (p<0.05), prior duodenal switch (p<0.05), and pre-operative COPD (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery revisions and emergencies have similar morbidity and mortality, far exceeding that of the primary operation. Outcomes comparable to those reported by urban academic centers can be achieved in community hospital MBSAQIP-accredited centers. Keywords: Revisional bariatric surgery, bariatric emergencies, community hospital, MBSAQIP
Spatial variation in fish assemblages is explained by hydrological connectivity
Authors: O’Mara Kaitlyn , Venarsky Michael , Stewart-Koster Ben , McGregor Glenn B. , Schulz Cameron , Marshall Jonathan , Bunn Stuart E.
Published: June 2022

Hydrological connectivity in river systems facilitates the movement of animals, nutrients, and energy across riverine landscapes but is threatened by climate change and water resource developments. These anthropogenic disturbances are expected to alter connectivity patterns in wet-dry tropical river systems that are driven by a highly variable seasonal flow regime. We studied the composition and functional diversity of fish assemblages across a large wet-dry tropical river system in northern Australia that is under consideration for new agricultural and water resource developments. We explored changes in the environment, species turnover, and relationships between environmental characteristics and fish species composition, quantifying how they were influenced by hydrological connectivity, to identify species and habitats at risk of impacts of reduced connectivity. Characteristics of the aquatic environment were significantly different between low connectivity, high connectivity, and off-channel sites, and these environmental characteristics were associated with changes in fish community composition. Fish species turnover occurred across the catchment, with unique assemblages in headwater sites. High turnover between adjacent sites of low connectivity suggested that reduced movement opportunity creates localized populations, and these differences in species presence/absence are likely to be exacerbated by reduced connectivity from water resource developments. Species turnover was also related to functional diversity, which itself varied across connectivity levels. Habitat specialists and species with functional traits that depend on hydrological connectivity, such as diadromous species, are most at risk from anthropogenic change. Protection of the flow regime and environmental characteristics that support these species is important for maintaining biodiversity.
Hippocampal neurons code individual episodic memories in humans
Authors: Kolibius Luca , Roux Frédéric , Parish George , Wal Marije Ter , Plas Mircea Van Der , Chelvarajah Ramesh , Sawlani Vijay , Rollings David , Lang Johannes , Gollwitzer Stephanie , Walther Katrin , Hopfengärtner Rüdiger , Kreiselmeyer Gernot , Hamer Hajo , Staresina Bernhard , Wimber Maria , Bowman Howard , Hanslmayr Simon
Published: June 2022

The hippocampus is an essential hub for episodic memory processing. However, how human hippocampal single neurons code multi-element associations remains unknown. Some argue that each hippocampal neuron codes for an invariant element within an episode. Instead, others have proposed that hippocampal neurons bind together all elements present in a discrete episodic memory. Here, we provide evidence for the latter. We show that individual neurons, which we term Episode Specific Neurons (ESNs), code discrete memory episodes. These ESNs do not reflect the coding of a particular element in the episode (i.e., concept or time). Instead, they code for the conjunction of the different elements that make up the episode.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in the African timber tree species Cylicodiscus gabunensis (Fabaceae)
Authors: Bhasin Oriana Bili , Sargeant Saskia , Hardy Olivier J.
Published: June 2022

I. Background: Cylicodiscus gabunensis (Fabaceae) or ‘Okan’ is a Central African multipurpose timber species that is used for heavy construction and traditional medicine. Despite being currently heavily exploited, the species shows a low population density and a natural regeneration deficit in dense forest. II. Methods and Results: We aimed to characterize polymorphic microsatellite markers that can be used to study patterns of genetic structure and gene flow (mating system, pollen and seed dispersal and inbreeding depression) and ultimately, help to develop sustainable forest management practices. We developed 24 polymorphic markers that can be amplified in three PCR multiplexes that were tested in 647 individuals of C. gabunensis from three populations. The number of alleles ranged from 4 to 27 and the average observed and expected heterozygosity across loci and populations were Ho = 0.585 (0.081-0.936) and He = 0.510 (0.076-0.914), respectively. III. Conclusions: This set of markers is a useful tool for exploring intra-specific diversity, genetic structure and gene flow of C. gabunensis.
Spindle cell melanoma masquerading as a lipoma: an interesting presentation of a rare cancer
Authors: Lamm Ryan , Lyons Walker , Gargano Stacey M , Willis Alliric I
Published: June 2022

Background: Overall survival is directly correlated to melanoma thickness and definitive surgical excision. Spindle cell melanoma is a rare subtype of malignant melanoma and particularly difficult to diagnose. Identification of histopathological features and referral to specialists are essential. Case presentation: We describe the case of an 86-year-old male who presented to his family medicine physician with complaints of a large 40 mm mass on his right posterior trunk which was clinically diagnosed as a lipoma. This mass was subsequently removed in his family physician’s office as an office procedure. Less than eight months post-excision, the tumor had erupted through the incision site. At time of surgical oncologist evaluation, the tumor was pedunculated and measured 92 mm at its greatest diameter. This tumor was subsequently biopsied to reveal spindle cell melanoma with thickness of at least 22 mm. Wide local excision was performed with complete removal of the tumor with negative margins.Conclusion: Our report supports the importance of early and correct diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma which can often be mistaken for other cutaneous lesions, both benign and malignant. In these situations, it is important to obtain a tissue biopsy and consult with specialists in pathology and surgical oncology/dermatology to ensure timely, appropriate treatment.
Anemia and It's Risk Factors among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Alkhair Medical Center, Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan (2020)
Authors: Mohamedahmed Khalid Abdelsamea , Mohammed Rumisa Mobashar , Talha Albadawi Abdebagi
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAnemia is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus, and their risk in diabetic patients is estimated to be 2–3 times higher than that of patients without diabetes. Therefore, having a major impact on the overall health and survival of diabetes patients. Globally, the prevalence of concurrent anemia and diabetes mellitus ranges from 14–45% in various ethnic populations worldwide.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia among type II diabetic patients.MethodologyThis is a cross-sectional laboratory-based study conducted in Alkhair Medical Center, Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan during March to December 2020 among 100 type II diabetic patients ((32 males and 68 females) their ages ranged between 30 and 90 years with mean (52.26 ± 13.58 years). Three ml of venous blood samples were collected from all participants in K3EDTA containers. A thin blood film was prepared and stained immediately. The RBCs parameters were performed using Sysmex XP-300 Automated Hematology Analyzer. SPSS computer program (v 25.0) was used for data analysis.ResultsThe study results showed that the prevalence of anemia among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were 7 (7%). 6 (85.7%) patients had mild anemia, and one (14.3%) had moderate anemia according to clinical degree of anemia based on hemoglobin level. 4 (57.14%) patients had microcytic hypochromic anemia, and 2 (28.57%) patients had normocytic normochromic anemia and one (14.29%) patients had macrocytic anemia based on RBCs indices and morphology. The prevalence of anemia is more in female (7.35%) than male (6.25%).ConclusionThe study concluded that anemia among patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus was 7%, mostly mild and microcytic hypochromic anemia; so improve their nutrition status among diabetic patients may help in reducing the anima during diabetes.
Bacterial composition analysis of colorectal tissue is affected by the degree of mucus adhesion
Authors: Tajima Yosuke , Okuda Shujiro , Hanai Tsunekazu , Hiro Junichiro , Masumori Koji , Koide Yoshikazu , Kamiya Tadahiro , Cheong Yeongcheol , Inaguma Gaku , Shimada Yoshifumi , Wakai Toshifumi , Akimoto Shingo , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Uyama Ichiro , Suda Koichi
Published: June 2022

The outer mucus layer of the colorectal epithelium is easily removable and colonized by commensal microbiota, while the inner mucus layer is firmly attached to the epithelium and devoid of bacteria. Although the specific bacteria penetrating the inner mucus layer can contact epithelial cells and trigger cancer development, most studies ignore the degree of mucus adhesion at sampling. Therefore, we evaluated whether bacteria adhering to tissues could be identified by removing the outer mucus layer. Our 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of 18 surgical specimens of human colorectal cancer revealed that Sutterella (P = 0.045) and Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.045) were significantly enriched in the mucus covering the mucosa relative to the mucosa. Rikenellaceae (P = 0.026) was significantly enriched in the mucus covering cancer tissues compared with those same cancer tissues. Ruminococcaceae (P = 0.015), Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.030), and Erysipelotrichaceae (P = 0.028) were significantly enriched in the mucus covering the mucosa compared with the mucus covering cancers. Fusobacterium (P = 0.038) was significantly enriched in the mucus covering cancers compared with the mucus covering the mucosa. Comparing the microbiomes of mucus and tissues with mucus removed may facilitate identifying bacteria that genuinely invade tissues and affect tumorigenesis.
Investigation of genes involved in lung cancer and their targeting by microRNAs
Authors: Arabameri Hossein , Salimi Alireza , Shademan Behrouz , Karami Behzad , Masjedi Sepideh , Nourazarian Alireza
Published: June 2022

Lung cancer is known as one of the most common cancers worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is found in 85% of cases of lung cancer. In this study, we tried to identify genes that can be used to prevent cancer from progressing with inhibiting their expression by microRNAs. In fact, these gels can be targeted as a treatment. In this study, using the data obtained from the article, 37 genes were finally reached with the Venny 2.1 database. We then analyzed the genes involved in lung cancer, using databases such as DAVID, PANTHR, ENRICHER. Our work provides insight into PDGFRA, LAMC1, and MAP3K8 have critical roles in important pathways and biological process which can developed cancer such as; angiogenesis, integrin signalling pathway, and development process. for the first time, that mir-554 and mir-313 plays a critical role by inhibiting the proto- oncogene genes map3k8, PDGFR and lamc1.
Clinicopathological Characteristics of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: Experience From an Indian Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Prasad Pallavi , Verma Ritu , Gupta Neelima
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNETs) are among the most frequent neuroendocrine tumours. Although considered rare tumours, they have shown an increase in incidence and frequency over the last several years. We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features, and determine whether the location of the tumour has some impact on the difference in survival. Methods: The present study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of pNETs operated on between January 2007 to December 2019.Results: 12 patients (46.2%) presented with non-functional symptoms, and 14 (53.8%) had functional symptoms. The most frequent location of the tumour was the head (10) followed by the tail (9). No correlation was found between the primary location of the tumour with age or tumour grade. Metastatic disease was present in six patients, and liver was the commonest site. No correlation was observed between the primary location of the tumour and metastasis at presentation. 16 (61.5%) belonged to grade 1, 8 (30.8%) to grade 2 and 2 (7.7%) to grade 3. Metastasis at presentation was most common with grade-I tumours. Localised metastasis was more common in the body/tail group (9/13). There was no statistical significance between tumour grade or stage and the location of the tumour. The mainstay of treatment was surgical resection with or without adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion: pNETs are a diverse group of tumors that exhibit heterogeneity in their pathologic, functional and clinical features. These tumours require a multimodality diagnostic approach and surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. Histological grade was found to be the only independent prognostic factor affecting long-term survival.
The MCP2 and the wrist plus two tendons are the most affected and responsive joints/tendons out of the US7 score in patients with rheumatoid arthritis – an observational study
Authors: Podewski Annika Franziska , Glimm Anne-Marie , Fischer Imma , Bruyn George Arthur Willem , Hanova Petra , Hammer Hilde Berner , Aga Anna-Birgitte , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Ramiro Sofia , Burmester Gerd-Rüdiger , Backhaus Marina , Ohrndorf Sarah
Published: June 2022

Background: There is no international consensus on an optimal ultrasound score for monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on patient-level yet. Our aim was to reassess the US7 score for the identification of the most frequently pathologic and responsive joint/tendon regions to optimize it and contribute to an international consensus. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of disease duration on the performance of the score.Methods: RA patients were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of starting/changing DMARD therapy by the US7 score in greyscale (GS) and power Doppler (PD). The frequency of pathologic joint/tendon regions and their responsiveness to therapy were analyzed by Friedman test including the comparison of palmar vs. dorsal regions (Chi-square test). The responsiveness of different reduced scores and the amount of information retained from the original US7 score were assessed by standardized response mean/linear regression. Analyses were also performed separately for early and established RA.Results: A total of 435 patients (N=138 early RA) were included (56.5 (SD 13.1) years old, 8.2 (9.1) years disease duration, 80% female). The dorsal wrist, palmar MCP2, extensor digitorum communis (EDC) and carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendons were most frequently affected by GS/PD synovitis/tenosynovitis (wrist: 45%/43%; MCP2: 35%/28%; EDC: 30%/11% and ECU: 25%/11%) and significantly changed within 6 months of therapy (all p≤0.003 by GS/PD). The dorsal vs. palmar side of the wrist by GS/PD (p<0.001) and the palmar of the finger joints by PD (p<0.001) were more frequently pathologic. The reduced US7 score (GS/PD: dorsal MCP2, dorsal wrist, EDC and ECU, only GS: palmar MCP2) showed therapy response (SRM 0.433) after 6 months and retained 76% of the full US7 score’s information. No major differences between the groups of early and established RA could be detected.Conclusions: The wrist, MCP2, EDC and ECU tendons were most frequently pathologic and responsive to therapy in both early and established RA and should therefore be included in a comprehensive score for monitoring RA patients on patient-level.
Genome- scale metabolic model based engineering of Escherichia coli enhances recombinant single chain antibody fragment production
Authors: Behravan Aidin , hashemi atieh , Marashi Sayed-Amir , Fouladiha Hamideh
Published: June 2022

Escherichia coli is an attractive and cost-effective cell factory for producing recombinant proteins such as single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). AntiEpEX-scFv is a small antibody fragment that has received considerable attention for its ability to target the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a cancer-associated biomarker of solid tumors. Due to its metabolic burden, scFv recombinant expression causes a remarkable decrease in the maximum specific growth rate of the scFv-producing strain. In the present study, a genome-scale metabolic model (GEM)-guided engineering strategy is proposed to identify gene targets for improved antiEpEX-scFv production in E. coli. For improving scFv production, flux balance analysis (FBA) and FVSEOF methods identified a number of potential genetic engineering targets localized in the glucose uptake system and pentose phosphate pathway. From the predicted targets, glk gene encoding glucokinase was chosen to be overexpressed in the parent strain Escherichia coli BW25113 (DE3). By overexpressing glk, the growth capacity of the recombinant E. coli strain was recovered. Moreover, the engineered strain with glk overexpression successfully lead to increased scFv production. This approach can be considered for the improvement of other recombinant proteins production.
A new groundwater depth prediction model based on EMD-LSTM
Authors: Zhang Xianqi , Chen Haiyang , Zhu Guoyu , Zhao Dong , Duan Bingsen
Published: June 2022

Groundwater resources play an important role in life, but the lack of effective management of groundwater resources has led to a regional decline in groundwater levels. How to curb the over-exploitation of groundwater and realize the sustainable use of groundwater resources has become an important issue for ecological environmental protection. Therefore, accurate prediction of groundwater depth is an important foundation for the rational use of groundwater resources. Based on the significant advantages of empirical model decomposition (EMD) in dealing with non-smooth and nonlinear data and the long-term memory function of long and short-term memory (LSTM) network, a coupled EMD-LSTM-based groundwater prediction model is constructed and apply to groundwater depth prediction of three professional observation wells. The results show that the maximum relative error of the prediction results of the EMD-LSTM model for the three professional observation wells is 5.00% and the minimum is 0.07%. The prediction passing rate is 100% and the prediction accuracy of the coupled model for groundwater depth is higher than that of the single LSTM model and back-propagation (BP) model. In conclusion, the model has high prediction accuracy and provides an effective method for the prediction of groundwater depth.

HIGHLIGHTS Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a relatively novel data preprocessing method that can effectively reduce the non-smoothness of time series. LSTM is considered to be superior in terms of learning rate and generalization ability. The EMD-LSTM coupled model has better nonlinear and complex process learning ability in groundwater forecasting.
Retratos de San Félix
Authors: Yunes Virginia
Published: June 2022

Neste ensaio, procuro pôr em evidência imagens e memórias de alguns moradores de San Félix, pequeno vilarejo localizado na província de Santiago del Estero, ao norte da Argentina. Atualmente, a localidade tem uma população com cerca de 200 habitantes, distribuídos em 45 famílias e se caracteriza por ser o único povoado onde todos, homens e mulheres, são afrodescendentes. Existem muitas lacunas quando se conta a história desse lugarejo. De fato, se contava pouco e se ocultava muito, era parte do processo do branqueamento, cujo discurso era de negação e invisibilidade. Resta como testemunho depoimentos da história oral, um velho registro e as lápides no cemitério. Em 2020, San Félix foi declarado Patrimônio Histórico, Cultural, Educativo e Turístico da Nação, pela UNESCO, após uma longa luta em busca do reconhecimento. Este pequeno ensaio, longe de mostrar a riqueza cultural, procura construir narrativas distintas ao relato hegemônico da identidade euro branca argentina ao tornar visíveis alguns habitantes e sua comunidade.
Agradecimentos a Ana Moura e Rianna de Carvalho
Authors: Equatorial Revista
Published: June 2022

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Avaliação da estrutura óssea mandibular em indivíduos com diferentes padrões mastigatórios: um estudo piloto
Authors: Felipe de Almeida Pinheiro  , Débora Carraro Tavares Monteiro  , Paula Liparini Caetano  , Livia Salgado  , Robert Willer Farinazzo Vitral  , Marcio José da Silva Campos
Published: June 2022

A ação da musculatura mastigatória caracteriza diferentes padrões mastigatórios que influenciam o desenvolvimento craniofacial. À medida que a mandíbula é submetida a diferentes cargas mecânicas, alterações morfológicas no osso podem ocorrer. Objetivo: Avaliar, por meio de exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), a estrutura óssea da região posterior do corpo mandibular em indivíduos com diferentes padrões mastigatórios. A hipótese do estudo foi que as assimetrias ósseas mandibulares estão associadas a padrões assimétricos de mastigação. Material e métodos: Selecionaram-se para o estudo 23 indivíduos com idade superior a 18 anos. O padrão mastigatório foi determinado por intermédio do método visual, no qual os indivíduos foram instruídos a mastigar de forma habitual um pedaço de pão francês; 17 indivíduos (73,9%) apresentaram mastigação unilateral preferencial e seis (26,1%) apresentaram mastigação bilateral. Nos exames de TCFC, dez cortes transversais do corpo mandibular foram realizados na distal de cada dente, de canino até segundo molar, onde as dimensões do processo alveolar e a espessura do osso cortical foram medidas. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os lados preferencial e não preferencial de mastigação de indivíduos com padrão mastigatório unilateral preferencial. Em indivíduos com padrão mastigatório bilateral, ao comparar os lados direito e esquerdo, houve diferença significativa na espessura do processo alveolar no primeiro pré-molar, primeiro molar e segundo molar e na espessura cortical inferior do segundo pré-molar. Conclusão: Não foi possível estabelecer uma relação entre a função mastigatória e a estrutura óssea. Sendo assim, a hipótese de que as assimetrias ósseas mandibulares estão associadas a padrões assimétricos de mastigação não foi confirmada.
Métodos de agitação das soluções irrigadoras: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Giovanna Pimentel  , André Luiz da Costa Michelotto  , Antônio Batista  , Gustavo D. Carvalho  , Maria Carolina Lucato Budziak
Published: June 2022

O sucesso no tratamento endodôntico de dentes com periodontite apical depende de uma eficaz desinfecção dos canais radiculares, que é obtida por meio do preparo químico-mecânico e da medicação intracanal entre sessões. No entanto sabe-se que a anatomia do sistema de canais radiculares é complexa e a instrumentação do canal principal deixa áreas intocadas, de forma que os canais laterais, istmos e ramificações dependem principalmente dos efeitos químicos dos irrigantes e medicações intracanais, como o hidróxido de cálcio. Objetivo: Avaliar os métodos de irrigação final presentes na literatura, a fim de sugerir um protocolo que melhore a desinfecção e aumente a taxa de sucesso da terapia endodôntica. Revisão de literatura: Realizou-se levantamento nas bases de dados Science Direct, PubMed e a literatura cinzenta, Google Acadêmico. Foram selecionados 39 artigos na língua inglesa. A adoção de protocolos de limpeza resulta em um potencial de desinfecção estatisticamente significante. A técnica da ativação ultrassônica do irrigante (UAI) é considerada hoje padrão ouro, mas outros sistemas, como o XP-Endo Finisher e similares, são amplamente recomendados. Conclusão: É essencial valer-se de sistemas e estratégias que otimizem a desinfecção, especialmente em casos de periodontite apical e canais com anatomia irregular, achatados e/ou ovalados. No entanto o impacto da solução irrigante relacionada a diferentes tipos de ativação necessita de mais estudos clínicos que comprovem sua ação.
Changing the Substrate Preference of the Hydrophobic S4 Binding Pocket of Subtilisin 309 from Bacillus Lentus
Authors: Schiodt Jakob , Sorensen Steen Bech , del Osten Claus von , Breddam Klaus
Published: June 2022

The serine endopeptidase subtilisin 309 (Savinase® ) has a preference for substrates containing hydrophobic amino acids in the P4 position. Substitution of Leul35, situated in the hydrophobic S4 binding pocket, for the charged amino acid Glu alters the substrate specificity approximately 500-fold when comparing the ratios of
kcat/Km for substrates with Phe and Arg as the P4 residue. This factor can be further increased to 1700-fold by additional replacement of Ilel07 with Val.
The Therapeutic Benefits of Intravenously Administrated Nanoparticles in Stroke
and Age-related Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Farhoudi Mehdi , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed , Mahmoudi Javad , Farjami Afsaneh , Mahmoudian Mohammad , Salatin Sara
Published: June 2022

The mean global lifetime risk of neurological disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease (AD),
and Parkinson’s disease (PD) has shown a large effect on economy and society. Researchers are still struggling
to find effective drugs to treat neurological disorders and drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is
a major challenge to be overcome. The BBB is a specialized multicellular barrier between peripheral blood circulation
and neural tissue. Unique and selective features of the BBB allow it to tightly control brain homeostasis
as well as the movement of ions and molecules. Failure in maintaining any of these substances causes BBB
breakdown and subsequently enhances neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. BBB disruption is evident in
many neurological conditions. Nevertheless, the majority of currently available therapies have tremendous
problems with drug delivery into the impaired brain. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered
a profound substitute to solve this problem. NPs are colloidal systems with a size range of 1-1000 nm
which can encapsulate therapeutic payloads, improve drug passage across the BBB, and target specific brain
areas in neurodegenerative/ischemic diseases. A wide variety of NPs has been displayed for the efficient brain
delivery of therapeutics via intravenous administration, especially when their surfaces are coated with targeting
moieties. Here, we discuss recent advances in the development of NP-based therapeutics for the treatment of
stroke, PD, and AD, as well as the factors affecting their efficacy after systemic administration.
New Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl Derivatives as AChE, BChE, and LOX
Inhibitors; Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Esfandiari Roghayeh , Moghimi-Rad Parsa , Bule Mohammed Hussen , Souri Effat , Nadri Hamid , Mahdavi Mohammad , Ghobadian Roshanak , Amini Mohsen
Published: June 2022

Background:

Inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme has been recognized as an important target
in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Objective:

In the current work, a series of new N-(4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)cinnamamide
derivatives were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against acetyl cholinesterase, butrylcholines terase, and Lipoxygenase were evaluated.

Methods:

The target compounds were synthesized as the literature reported with some modifications. The
AChE, BChE, and LOX inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated using in vitro
methods. The docking and kinetic studies were performed for the most potent compounds to evaluate the
inhibition mechanism.

Results:

The structural elucidation of the synthesized imidazo-pyridine derivatives was performed by
different spectroscopic techniques including IR, NMR, and Mass. Most of the synthesized compounds
demonstrated good AChE, BChE, and LOX inhibitory activities. The most active AChE, BChE, and
sLOX-1 inhibitors were found for compounds 4a, 4g, and 4l, respectively. The docking study also revealed that the three compounds, 4a, 4g, and 4l, have important binding interactions with the AChE,
BChE, and sLOX-1 enzyme active sites, respectively.

Conclusion:

The results of current study shows imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives have potential for
development of novel drug candidate for AD as AChE, BChE and sLOX-1 inhibitors.
Exploring Therapeutic Potential of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Nucleus as Anticancer
Agents: A Mini-review
Authors: Bukhari Asma , Nadeem Humaira , Sarwar Sadia , Abbasi Inzamam , Khan Muhammad Tariq , Hamid Iqra , Bukhari Uzma
Published: June 2022

Cancer is an uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells and the second cause of death after
cardiovascular disease. At present, chemotherapy and related drugs have three major categories.
All three have characteristic action and toxicity levels of antitumor activity. Due to indications of
unwanted side effects, the exploration of novel and selective anticancer agents is crucially required.
Heterocyclic compounds have always played a major role in research for new drug discovery
and development. 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives are heterocyclic isomers having pharmacological
properties and play an important role as antiproliferative agents. The present review summarizes
anticancer activities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives against different cell lines, such as
HCT-116, MCF-7, HeLa, SMMC-7721, and A549. The results showed that 1,3,4-oxadiazole and
its derivatives have the potential to play a major role as an anticancer agent with fewer side effects.
FAMILIA PAPAVERACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., centro regional del Bajío, Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela
Published: June 2022

Unos 30 a 45 géneros con 400 (más de 600 según algunos autores) especies distribuidas principalmente en zonas templadas del Hemisferio Norte. A esta familia pertenecen Papaver somniferum L., la “adormidera”, de la cual se extraen el opio y drogas como la morfina y la heroina, al igual que otras especies de Papaver (“amapolas”) y Eschscholzia californica Cham., ampliamente cultivadas como ornamentales. Algunos autores consideran a los géneros Corydalis y Fumaria dentro de una familia separada: Fumariaceae