bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A structural and resting‐state functional connectivity investigation of the pulvinar in elderly individuals and Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Velioglu Halil Aziz , Ayyildiz Behcet , Ayyildiz Sevilay , Sutcubasi Bernis , Hanoglu Lutfu , Bayraktaroglu Zubeyir , Yulug Burak
Published: December 2022

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), structural and functional changes in the brain may give rise to disruption of specific cognitive functions. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional connectivity alterations in the pulvinar's subdivisions and total pulvinar voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) changes in individuals with AD and healthy controls. A seed‐based functional connectivity analysis was applied to the anterior, inferior, lateral, and medial pulvinar in each hemisphere. Furthermore, VBM analysis was carried out to compare gray matter (GM) volume differences in the pulvinar and thalamus between the two groups. Connectivity analysis revealed that the pulvinar subdivisions had decreased connectivity in individuals with AD. In addition, the pulvinar and thalamus in each hemisphere were significantly smaller in the AD group. The pulvinar may have a role in AD‐related cognitive impairments and the intrinsic connectivity network changes and GM loss in pulvinar subdivisions suggest the cognitive deterioration occurring in those with AD.

Highlights

The pulvinar may play a role in pathophysiology of cognitive impairments in those with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Decreased structural volume and functional connectivity were found in patients with AD.

The inferior pulvinar is functionally the most affected subdivision by AD compared to the others.
Field systems and later prehistoric land use: New insights into land use detectability and palaeodemography in the Netherlands through LiDAR, automatic detection and traditional field data
Authors: Arnoldussen Stijn , Verschoof‐van der Vaart Wouter B. , Kaptijn Eva , Bourgeois Quentin P. J.
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses how the use of AI (artificial intelligence) detected later prehistoric field systems provides a more reliable base for reconstructing palaeodemographic trends, using the Netherlands as a case study. Despite its long tradition of settlement excavations, models that could be used to reconstruct (changes in) prehistoric land use have been few and often relied on (insufficiently mapped) nodal data points such as settlements and barrows. We argue that prehistoric field systems of field plots beset on all sides by earthen banks—known as Celtic fields—are a more suitable (i.e. less nodal) proxy for reconstructing later prehistoric land use.

For four 32.25 km2 case study areas in different geogenetic regions of the Netherlands, prehistoric land use surface areas are modelled based on conventional methods and the results are compared to the results we obtained by using AI‐assisted detection of prehistoric field systems. The nationally available LiDAR data were used for automated detection. Geotiff DTM images were fed into an object detection algorithm (based on the YOLOv4 framework and trained with known Dutch sites), and resultant geospatial vectors were imported into GIS.

Our analysis shows that AI‐assisted detection of prehistoric embanked field systems on average leads to a factor 1.84 increase in known surface areas of Celtic fields. Modelling the numbers of occupants from this spatial coverage, yields population sizes of 37–135 persons for the case study regions (i.e. 1.15 to 4.19 p/km2). This range aligns well with previous estimates and offers a more robust and representative proxy for palaeodemographic reconstructions. Variations in land use coverage between the regions could be explained by differences in present‐day land use and research intensity. Particularly the regionally different extent of forestlands and heathlands (ideal for the (a) preservation and (b) automated LiDAR detection of embanked field systems) explains minor variations between the four case study regions.
Amelioration of Autoimmunity in a Lupus Mouse Model by Modulation of T‐Bet–Promoted Energy Metabolism in Pathogenic Age/Autoimmune‐Associated B Cells
Authors: Han Xiaxia , Gu Shuangshuang , Hong Soon‐Min , Jiang Yang , Zhang Jinsong , Yao Chao , Yin Zhihua , Ye Zhizhong , Ding Huihua , Chen Sheng , Dai Dai , Shen Nan
Published: December 2022

Objective

Emerging evidence indicates that a distinct CD11c+T‐bet+ B cell subset, termed age/autoimmune‐associated B cells (ABCs), is the major pathogenic autoantibody producer in lupus. Human lupus is associated with significant metabolic alterations, but how ABCs orchestrate their typical transcription factors and metabolic programs to meet specific functional requirements is unclear. We undertook this study to characterize the metabolism of ABCs and to identify the regulators of their metabolic pathways in an effort to develop new therapies for ABC‐mediated autoimmunity.

Methods

We developed a T‐bet–tdTomato reporter mouse strain to trace live T‐bet+ B cells and adoptively transferred CD4+ T cells from bm12 mice to induce lupus. We next sorted CD11c+tdTomato+ B cells and conducted RNA sequencing and an extracellular flux assay. A metabolic restriction to constrain ABC formation was tested in human and mouse B cells. We used a bm12‐induced lupus mouse model to conduct the metabolic intervention.

Results

ABCs exhibited a hypermetabolic state with enhanced glycolytic capacity. The increased glycolytic rate in ABCs was promoted by interferon‐γ (IFNγ) signaling. T‐bet, a downstream transcription factor of IFNγ, regulated the gene program of the glycolysis pathway in ABCs by repressing the expression of Bcl6. Functionally, glycolysis restriction could impair ABC formation. The engagement of glycolysis promoted survival and terminal differentiation of antibody‐secreting cells. Administration of a glycolysis inhibitor ameliorated ABC accumulation and autoantibody production in the lupus‐induced bm12 mouse model.

Conclusion

T‐bet can couple immune signals and metabolic programming to establish pathogenic ABC formation and functional capacities. Modulation of ABCs favored a metabolic program that could be a novel therapeutic approach for lupus.

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Open Loop Recycling – Guanidine Iron(II) Polymerization Catalyst for the Depolymerization of Polylactide
Authors: Burkart Lisa , Eith Alexander , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: December 2022

A previously reported non‐toxic guanidine‐iron catalyst active in the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of polylactide (PLA) under industrially relevant conditions was evaluated for its activity in the alcoholysis and aminolysis of PLA under mild conditions. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined for the methanolysis of PLA with [FeCl2(TMG5NMe2asme)] (C1) using 1H NMR spectroscopy. A comparison with the Zn analog of C1 showed that the metal center has a large impact on the activity for the alcoholysis. Further, the influence of different nucleophiles was tested broadening the scope of products from PLA waste. C1 is the first discrete metal catalyst reported to be active in the selective aminolysis of PLA. Catalyst recycling, scale‐up experiments and solvent‐free alcoholysis were conducted successfully strengthening the industrial relevance and highlighting aspects of green chemistry. Moreover, the selective depolymerization of PLA in polymer blends was successful. C1 is a promising catalyst for a circular (bio)plastics economy.
Collagen‐coated agarose–chitosan scaffold used as a skin substitute
Authors: Sang Shengbo , Zhao Yajing , Shen Zhizhong , Cao Yanyan , Cheng Rong , Yan Yayun , Jian Aoqun , Wang Jianming
Published: December 2022

A single biomaterial is disadvantageous for constructing skin in vitro, so a mixed biomaterial is more conducive to skin research. In this study, agarose–chitosan scaffolds with a final concentration of 4% were constructed by freeze‐drying, in which the concentration ratios of agarose to chitosan were 1:3, 2:2, and 3:1. The scaffolds were coated with a 3 mg/ml collagen solution, and the mechanical properties were evaluated by studying density, porosity, swelling rate, and degradation rate. The results demonstrated that the agarose–chitosan scaffolds were porous, with porosity reaching 93%. Their densities ranged from 0.1 to 0.16 g/cm3. Analysis of Young's modulus showed that the mechanical properties of the agarose–chitosan scaffolds were significantly enhanced when the agarose content in the agarose–chitosan scaffolds was increased. Moreover, the density and Young's modulus of the agarose–chitosan scaffolds of different concentration ratios were significantly different (p < 0.01). These scaffolds can withstand a certain amount of external pressure, such as that of human skin, making them more suitable for further skin replacement research. In addition, the results of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell assay and immunofluorescence staining showed that the collagen‐coated agarose–chitosan scaffolds were conducive to keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. The MTT results revealed significant differences between the agarose–chitosan scaffolds coated with collagen and the agarose–chitosan scaffolds without collagen (p < 0.05). This study provides the potential for in vitro skin research and applications.
Rapid identification of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus by MALDI‐TOF MS: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Chaoqun , Zhou Zheng , Cong Liu , Shan Mingzhu , Zhu Zuobin , Li Ying
Published: December 2022

Invasive infections caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The sooner the pathogen is determined, the better it is beneficial to patient. However, routine laboratory inspections are time‐consuming and laborious. A thorough research was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science (until June 2021) to identify studies evaluating the accuracy of MRSA identification by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). STATA 15.0 software was used to analyze the pooled results of sensitivity, specificity, and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were utilized to show the overall performance of MALDI‐TOF MS. Fifteen studies involving 2471 isolates were included in this study after the final selection in this meta‐analysis. Using the random effects model forest plot to summarize the overall statistics, the sensitivity of MALDI‐TOF MS for identifying MRSA was 92% (95% CI: 81%–97%), and the specificity was 97% (95% CI: 89%–99%). In the SROC curve, the AUC reached 0.99 (95% CI: 97%–99%). Deeks’ test showed no significant publication bias in this meta‐analysis. Compared with clinical reference methods, MALDI‐TOF MS identification of MRSA shows a higher degree of sensitivity and specificity.
Comparison of production of gamma‐decalactone via microbial biotransformation based on different adsorption‐embedding systems
Authors: Chen Julong , Tang Yuxin , Zhang Shuo
Published: December 2022

Gamma‐decalactone (GDL) is an essential flavor additive with peach‐aroma, which can be prepared via microbial biotransformation from ricinoleic acid (RA). The difficulty of RA dispersion in medium limited its utilization, which made the yield of GDL low. In this study, four adsorbent materials (AM) were investigated to increase RA distribution, including halloysite, clay, SUNSIL‐130NP silica (130NP), and SUNSIL‐130H silica (130H). They were compared with respect to their effects on the biotransformation process, and the mechanism of AM on productivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was revealed. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were utilized to reveal the mechanism of AM effect on GDL production. The results showed that AM functioned as an adsorption and slow‐releasing carrier of RA and cell immobilization. RA was crosslinked onto the surface of four AM via hydrogen bonds and the contact area between RA and yeast increased without negative viability effect. The best adsorption‐embedding rate of RA to AM was 70.94% with 130H and the GDL yield improved to 2.79 g L−1. The highest conversion rate was 88.99% with halloysite at 36 h. This study provides a potential strategy to improve GDL yield efficiently via biotransformation on an industrial scale.
Effects of economic regional differences and family on adolescents’ aggressive behaviors: Perspective of ecosystem integration
Authors: Hong Xinwei , Liu Shen , Fan Hang , Xie Hongwei , Fang Shengjie , Zhang Lin
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Based on the ecological systems theory and cumulative risk model, the current study aimed to determine the mediating effects of parenting styles, peer relationship, and psychological capital on family socioeconomic status and adolescents’ aggressive behaviors, as well as the moderating effects of economic regional differences.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional design, 1271 Chinese adolescents were recruited to complete the MacArthur Scale, the short‐form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, the Positive PsyCap Questionnaire, the peer support subscale in the Student Personal Perception of Classroom Climate, and the Aggression Questionnaire.

Results

After controlling for gender and age, parenting style, peer relationship, and psychological capital not only mediated, but also constituted multiple chains mediation between family socioeconomic status and aggressive behaviors. Moreover, economic regional differences moderated the multiple chains mediation model between family socioeconomic status and aggressive behaviors.

Conclusion

The accumulation of multiple adverse factors increases the probability of inducing aggressive behaviors, and the development of psychological capital helps reduce the occurrence of aggressive behaviors in adolescents.
Schwannomas mistaken for metastases of melanoma in PET‐CT: A diagnostic challenge with consequences
Authors: Hirsiger Stefanie , Olariu Radu
Published: December 2022

The incidence of skin cancer and especially cutaneous malignant melanoma is rising, as are indications for staging examinations to detect metastasis. Schwannomas are common benign nerve tumors, which can be mistaken for metastasis even in highly specialized imaging. Risk of nerve lesion is high in inadvertent biopsy.
Treacher Collins syndrome: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kolsi Nadia , Boudaya Fatma , Ben Thabet Afef , Charfi Manel , Regaieg Chiraz , Bouraoui Amira , Regaieg Ridha , Hentati Nedia , Hamed Amel Ben , Gargouri Abdellatif
Published: December 2022

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is one of the rare genetic syndromes which is specified by symmetrical craniofacial dysmorphism without growth abnormalities or neurological disorders. The inheritance is usually autosomal dominant but sometimes it is a sporadic mutation. Prenatal diagnosis could be realized by genetic testing of a chorionic villus sample or amniocentesis if one of the parents is affected. At birth, the most common features are downward‐sloping palpebral clefts, small badly hemmed and folded ears, and mandibular hypoplasia which could lead to respiratory distress. All of these clinical features exist in our case. Goldenhar syndrome shares with TCS some facial features which are not symmetrical and it is also associated with vertebral abnormalities. Some patients with TCS are exposed to many complications and they require multi‐disciplinary medical care. But all of them need psychiatric care to fight social rejection. The aim of our report is to describe the most common features of TCS and similar syndromes. Also, report the involved genetic mutations, some associated complications, and their management.
Cerebral venous thrombosis in a patient with adenomyosis: A case report
Authors: Yadav Jayant Kumar , Thapa Aakar , Bhattarai Anjan , KC Ashmita , Budhathoki Samip Jung , Chandra Avinash , Rajbhandari Reema
Published: December 2022

Cerebral venous thrombosis can be caused by different conditions such as infectious, structural, hypercoagulable states, hematological, hormonal, collagen, vascular diseases, and oral contraceptive pills among other causes. Adenomyosis has been rarely associated with Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Increased CA‐125 and iron deficiency anemia in adenomyosis may predispose to CVT.
Early amiodarone pneumonitis: A case report
Authors: Soleimani Abbas , Bavandpour Karvane Houshang , Mortezazadeh Masoud , Mofidi Abbas , Seyyed Mahmoudi Seyyed Taher , Kashani Mehdi
Published: December 2022

Consider amiodarone pneumonitis as an important differential diagnosis of ARDS, especially in clinically ill patients who recently received Intravenous amiodarone.
Electrochemical Hydrodimerization of Furfural in Organic Media as an Efficient Route to Jet Fuel Precursor
Authors: Temnikova Maria , Medvedev Jury , Medvedeva Xenia , Delva Nyhenflore H. , Khairullina Evgeniia , Krivoshapkina Elena , Klinkova Anna
Published: December 2022

Upgrading biomass‐derived compounds to value‐added products, especially fuels, represents a green route alternative to fossil fuels energy sources. Here, we report an efficient electrosynthesis of a jet fuel precursor hydrofuroin from furfural, which is one of the most valuable compounds derived from biomass. Despite the high value of this process, few studies have been focused on the development of synthetic strategies for electrocatalytic hydrodimerization of furfural to hydrofuroin. In this work, we systematically examine how operating parameters, including the electrolyte, applied potential, furfural concentration, and catalyst nature affect the efficiency of hydrofuroin electrosynthesis in organic media. We show that under the optimized conditions, the electrosynthesis can be carried out in a simple undivided cell with a high faradaic efficiency (up to 74 %) and an excellent hydrofuroin yield (up to 100 %).
Probing the Na+/Li+‐ions Insertion Mechanism in an Aqueous Mixed‐Ion Rechargeable Batteries with NASICON‐NaTi2(PO4)3 Anode and Olivine‐LiFePO4 Cathode
Authors: Venkatesha Akshatha , Seth Deepak , Varma Rahul Mahavir , Das Suman , Agarwal Manish , Haider M. Ali , Bhattacharyya Aninda J.
Published: December 2022

Aqueous rechargeable mixed‐ion batteries (ARMBs), where two types of ions shuttle between the cathode and anode, are an important alternative to conventional non‐aqueous electrolyte‐based rechargeable batteries. Herein, we present fundamental insights into the function of an ARMB comprising of NASICON‐based sodium titanium phosphate (NaTi2(PO4)3/NTP) and olivine‐based lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4/LFP) employed as the anode and cathode respectively in combination with mixed‐ion electrolytes, x‐M Li2SO4: y‐M Na2SO4 (x+y=1). Electrochemical and ex situ structural studies interestingly reveal a preferential Na+‐ion insertion into NTP, despite the presence of two different cations in the electrolyte. This is strongly supported by molecular dynamics simulations, which show a 1–2 orders higher diffusion coefficient for Na+‐ion than Li+‐ion in NTP. In contrast, co‐insertion of Li+ and Na+‐ions into LFP takes place when cycled in mixed‐ion electrolytes. We also show that batteries with mixed‐ion electrolytes perform better than electrolytes with individual cations.
Cancer trials as opportunities to serve and learn from individuals with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Henson Christina E. , Morton Daniel J. , Mayadev Jyoti S. , Wong Stuart J. , Zamarin Dmitriy
Published: December 2022

Despite strong recommendations for their inclusion in cancer clinical trials, people living with human immunodeficiency virus continue to be underrepresented or have inadequate data collected. This commentary highlights the deficit and emphasizes the need for active recruitment and data collection.
Mindfulness for the self‐management of negative coping, rumination and fears of compassion in people with cancer: An exploratory study
Authors: Williams Sian , Clarke Seraphine , Edginton Trudi
Published: December 2022

Background

Cancer and its treatments have the potential to significantly impact mental health, provoking feelings of anxiety, depression, and distress, which can last long after treatment is over. One of the most rapidly emerging influences in the healthcare field is mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs), which are designed to cultivate present moment awareness, attentional flexibility, compassion and acceptance, to reduce physical and psychological distress. However, there is limited research into the efficacy of MBIs or disease specific MBIs in shifting negative coping, ruminative thinking and fears of compassion as primary outcomes in individuals with cancer.

Aims

This exploratory study was designed to evaluate inter‐ and intra‐individual change in the management of negative coping, rumination and fears of compassion, following a cancer‐specific mindfulness‐based intervention.

Methods and Results

A single group, non‐experimental, repeated measures study of 22 participants across six cancer care centres explored the efficacy of an 8‐week Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy for Cancer (MBCT‐Ca) course. The Reliable Change Index (RCI) examined reliable clinical improvement, deterioration, or no change in individuals on the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MACS), the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and the Fears of Compassion Scale (FCS). About 82% of participants (n = 18) saw an improvement in at least one measure. A significant decrease in primary outcome scores was observed in negative coping, ruminating and fears of self‐compassion. There were significant correlations between the fear of self‐compassion and depressive ruminating, fear of accepting compassion from others and showing it to others pre and post intervention.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the MBCT‐Ca programme may significantly reduce negative coping, ruminating and fears of self‐compassion improving psychological health and wellbeing in cancer survivors.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Materials Towards Photoproduction of H2O2
Authors: Vuong Hoai‐Thanh , Bui Dai‐Phat , Nguyen Duc‐Viet , Pho Phuong Ly , Duc Minh Phan Pham , Do Dat Tran , Hieu Nguyen Huu
Published: December 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be considered as one of the world's indispensable chemicals. However, the synthetic process can prompt several severe environmental and human health issues. However, solar H2O2 production may provide opportunities to mitigate such issues. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has emerged as one promising material for photocatalytic applications due to its unique properties. Although tremendous efforts in engineering g‐C3N4 have been proposed to improve catalytic results, the materials obtained still have some issues. Additionally, the mechanisms behind the production of H2O2 by using such materials are not yet fully understood. Herein, we conducted a literature survey reviewing the production of H2O2 using g‐C3N4‐based materials. The essential aspects of and current challenges in photocatalytic H2O2 generation are discussed, which may provide insight for researchers to overcome barriers and develop sustainable methods for H2O2 production.
The Implications of Coupling an Electron Transfer Mediated Oxidation with a Proton Coupled Electron Transfer Reduction in Hybrid Water Electrolysis
Authors: Mondal Biswajit , Dinda Soumitra , Karjule Neeta , Mondal Sanjit , Raja Kottaichamy Alagar , Volokh Michael , Shalom Menny
Published: December 2022

Electrolysis of water is a sustainable route to produce clean hydrogen. Full water‐splitting requires a high applied potential, in part because of the pH‐dependency of the H2 and O2 evolution reactions (HER and OER), which are proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions. Therefore, the minimum required potential will not change at different pHs. TEMPO [(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl], a stable free‐radical that undergoes fast electro‐oxidation by a single‐electron transfer (ET) process, is pH‐independent. Here, we show that the combination of PCET and ET processes enables hydrogen production from water at low cell potentials below the theoretical value for full water‐splitting by simple pH adjustment. As a case study, we combined the HER with the oxidation of benzylamine by anodically oxidized TEMPO. The pH‐independent electrocatalytic oxidation of TEMPO permits the operation of a hybrid water‐splitting cell that shows promise to perform at a low cell potential (≈1 V) and neutral pH conditions.
Spatial scale selection for informing species conservation in a changing landscape
Authors: Monroe Adrian P. , Heinrichs Julie A. , Whipple Ashley L. , O'Donnell Michael S. , Edmunds David R. , Aldridge Cameron L.
Published: December 2022

Identifying the relevant spatial scale at which species respond to features in a landscape (scale of effect) is a pressing research need as managers work to reduce biodiversity loss amid a variety of environmental challenges. Until recently, researchers often evaluated a subset of potential scales of effect inferred from previous studies in other locations, often based on different biological responses and environmental variables. These approaches, however, can create uncertainty as to whether relevant spatial scales were identified, and whether the effects of environmental variables at scale were accurately estimated. Identifying scales of effect is particularly relevant for the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a sagebrush‐obligate species of conservation concern requiring large areas of intact sagebrush cover (Artemisia spp.) for habitat. We demonstrate the application of a scale selection approach that jointly estimates the scale of effect and the effect of sagebrush cover on trends in population size using counts from 584 sage‐grouse leks in southwestern Wyoming (2003–2019) and annual estimates of sagebrush cover from a remote sensing product. From this approach, we estimated a positive effect of mean sagebrush cover with a 95% probability that the scale of effect occurred within 5.02 km of leks. In an average year, we found that lower levels of sagebrush cover within these estimated scales could support increasing trends in sage‐grouse population size when populations were small, but higher levels of sagebrush cover were needed to sustain growing populations when populations were larger. With standardized monitoring and annual estimates of vegetation from remote sensing, this scale selection approach can be applied to identify relevant scales for other populations, species, and biological responses such as demography and movement.
Electrolyte Solvation Structure Design for High Voltage Zinc‐Based Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Jaumaux Pauline , Wang Shijian , Zhao Shuoqing , Sun Bing , Wang Guoxiu
Published: December 2022

Zinc (Zn) metal anodes have enticed substantial curiosity for large‐scale energy storage owing to inherent safety, high specific and volumetric energy capacities of Zn metal anodes. However, the aqueous electrolyte traditionally employed in Zn batteries suffers severe decomposition due to the narrow voltage stability window. Herein, we introduce N‐methylformamide (NMF) as an organic solvent and modulate the solvation structure to obtain a stable organic/aqueous hybrid electrolyte for high‐voltage Zn batteries. NMF is not only extremely stable against Zn metal anodes but also reduces the free water molecule availability by creating numerous hydrogen bonds, thereby accommodating high‐voltage Zn‖LiMn2O4 batteries. The introduction of NMF prevented hydrogen evolution reaction and promoted the creation of an F‐rich solid electrolyte interphase, which in turn hampered dendrite growth on Zn anodes. The Zn‖LiMn2O4 full cells delivered a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% over 400 cycles.
Expecting exclusion: Does bracing for the worst buffer the pain of social exclusion?
Authors: Jauch Melissa , Büttner Christiane M. , Rudert Selma C. , Greifeneder Rainer
Published: December 2022

Evidence from different research areas suggests that expecting negative outcomes can buffer their adverse psychological effects. In the context of social exclusion, however, evidence for buffering effects of expectations on individuals’ immediate need threat is mixed and has not been examined in terms of cognitive bracing. We present four studies (N = 1159) that test two competing hypotheses (no buffering vs. buffering effects) and focus on three explanations that may account for the previous mixed findings. Study 1 provides support for buffering effects. However, Studies 2, 3 and 4 do not replicate these effects. An integrative data analysis across the four studies using equivalence tests suggests no meaningful differences in need threat after exclusion. These results suggest that expectations alone may not suffice to buffer immediate need threat or negative affect after exclusion, and illuminate how prior seemingly contradictory evidence may align well. Conceptual and practical implications are discussed.
Valorization of waste biaxially‐oriented polypropylene plastic films by its co‐carbonization with almond leaves
Authors: Adeniyi Adewale George , Amusa Victor Temitope , Iwuozor Kingsley O. , Emenike Ebuka Chizitere
Published: December 2022

This study utilized the top‐lit updraft technology for the co‐carbonization of waste biaxially‐oriented polypropylene (BOPP) and almond leaves (Terminalia catappa) for the production of hybrid biochar, which was then further characterized. Biochar was also synthesized and characterized using the almond leaves alone, as it served as control for the study. The carbonization process, which ran for 100 min, gave a yield of 39.4% and 33.9% for biochar and hybrid biochar, respectively. FTIR spectra showed the presence of functional groups such as amine and carbonyl groups in the hybrid biochar. EDX results showed that the hybrid biochar contained about 57.3% carbon, in combination with other elements. SEM micrographs confirmed the presence of the plastic in the hybrid biochar. In addition, the hybrid biochar had a BET surface area of 366.8 m2/g and a pore diameter of 2.093 nm. DTA/TGA analysis showed that the presence of the plastics decreased the thermal stability of the hybrid biochar. This study supports the use of Terminalia catappa leaves as a reliable precursor for the synthesis of biochar and hybrid biochar.
Modeling frictional heating effects in triple friction pendulum isolators
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Myung , Constantinou Michael C.
Published: December 2022

This paper augments the series spring model for Triple Friction Pendulum (TFP) isolators to predict the relative displacement and velocity at each of its four sliding interfaces. This enables the prediction of the rise in temperature at each sliding interface that results from frictional heating and the introduction of temperature‐dependent friction coefficient. Moreover, the model directly accounts for the velocity‐dependence of the friction coefficient as it can predict the actual velocities at each sliding interface, whereas the original series model only approximately accounted for the velocity effects. It also accounts for the effects of instantaneous bearing pressure on the friction coefficient. The model has been implemented in program OpenSees and has been verified by comparison to results obtained using a much more advanced and complex model that is unsuitable for computations with a large number of isolators.
Performance evaluation of various phosphorus compounds on the flammability properties of short carbon fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Aydogan Yavuz , Atabek Savas Lemiye , Erdem Aysegul , Hacioglu Firat , Dogan Mehmet
Published: December 2022

The properties including combustibility, rigidity, thermal conductivity, and the color of the fiber sample influence the flammability characteristics of composite materials. Although the influence of phosphorus‐based fire retardants on the flammability characteristics of glass fiber‐based composite materials has been well studied, there is a need to better understand the effects of these fire retardants on the flammability characteristics of carbon fiber‐based composites. In the current study, four different commercially available phosphorus compounds (melamine polyphosphate (MPP), 9, 10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene10‐oxide (DOPO), aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi), and zinc diethyl phosphinate (ZnPi)) are used. The flammability test results indicate that UL‐94 V rating maintains to burn to clamp with the addition of MPP, DOPO, and ZnPi in all concentrations. The highest UL94 V rating of V0 is obtained with the addition 10 wt% AlPi. An increase in LOI value is observed in samples containing MPP, AlPi, and DOPO. The highest LOI value of 41.5% is observed with the addition of 20 wt% AlPi. According to the MLC results, the lower peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat evolved (THE) values are obtained with the addition of all studied phosphorus compounds. The lowest pHRR (157 ± 10 kW/m2) and THE (44 ± 5 MJ/m2) values are obtained with the use of 20 wt% MPP and DOPO, respectively. The highest fire performance index (FPI) is achieved with the use of AlPi. Apart from DOPO which shows its effect predominantly in the gas phase, the studied phosphorus compounds exert flame retardant action both in the condensed and gas phases.
The cost–benefit trade‐off in young children's overimitation behaviour
Authors: Nielsen Mark , Grant Julie , Tomaselli Keyan
Published: December 2022

In overimitation, an observer reproduces a model's visually causally redundant actions in pursuit of an object‐directed outcome. There remains an assumption that costs involved in adopting redundant actions renders them maladaptive in the immediate context. Here, we report on an experiment designed to evaluate whether or not overimitating is costly in this way. One hundred and eight children from two contrasting cultural groups (Australian Western vs. South African Bushman) observed an adult open an apparatus using a process that locked one side and opened another. Two toys were then inserted in the locked side and one in the open side. Copying the model meant access only to the lower quantity reward would be possible. This process was repeated for a second trial. Contrary to expectation, children retrieved similar numbers of toys regardless of whether they reproduced the model's actions or not, suggesting that in contexts like that presented here, overimitation is not costly in the ways commonly assumed.
Licorice protects against ulcerative colitis via the Nrf2/PINK1‐mediated mitochondrial autophagy
Authors: Kong Jinrong , Xiang Qingzhen , Shi Gaoxiang , Xu Zaiping , Ma Xiaowen , Wang Yunlai , Xuan Zihua , Xu Fan
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Study of the effects and mechanisms of licorice in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) from the perspective of mitochondrial autophagy.

Methods

BALB/C mice were induced with 3% dextran sodium sulfate to build an animal model of UC. After 7 days of modeling, different doses of licorice were administered for 7 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining is used to detect pathological changes in the colon. Mitochondrial membrane potentials and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were detected by flow cytometry, and autophagy of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Determination of inflammatory cytokines by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The oxidizing factors are detected by the kits. Western blot analysis was used to detect expressions for nuclear factor called erythropoietin (Nrf2), pten‐induced protein kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, HO‐1, P62, and LC3.

Results

Licorice improved the pathological condition of UC mice, increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreasing the ROS content. Promotes the emergence of autophagosomes and autophagosomes. The contents of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha were downregulated, the contents of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were upregulated and the contents of malondialdehyde were downregulated. In addition, licorice promotes the expression of Nrf2, PINK1, Parkin, HO‐1, P62, and LC3.

Conclusion

Licorice was shown to reduce levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in mice with UC, possibly by promoting mitochondrial autophagy through the activation of the Nrf2/PINK1 pathway.
Investor trading behavior and asset prices: Evidence from quantile regression analysis
Authors: Zhou Liyun , Lin Weinan , Yang Chunpeng
Published: December 2022

Considering the behavior anomaly under both rising and falling market conditions, this paper aims to address whether the investor trading behavior is sensitive to a different quantile of stock return dispersions by using quantile regression model. Results show that investor trading behavior has significant impacts on different quantiles of stock return dispersions, and reveal the smile slope of investor trading behavior effect which is stronger at the extreme quantile distributions than the median distribution. Moreover, results evidence that the investor trading behavior effect with optimistic investor sentiment should be stronger than the investor trading behavior effect with pessimistic investor sentiment. Finally, this paper sheds light on the anchoring effect of investor trading behavior, and demonstrates that the anchor of investor trading behavior has a positive and significant impact on stock returns. These patterns hold when accounting for stock specific characteristics, various factors and market conditions.
Electronic properties of 3dtransition metal dihalide monolayers predicted byDFTmethods: Is there a pattern or are the results random?
Authors: Chiu Cheng‐chau , Wang Chung‐Yu , Huang Bo‐Jie , Kuo Jer‐Lai
Published: December 2022

We use periodic DFT calculations at LDA and PBE level to investigate 3dtransition metal dihalide (TMDH) monolayers in H‐ and T‐phase. By analyzing the phonon dispersion, we have obtained a rough overview which combinations may form stable structures. We have focused on identifying and explaining trends in the predicted electronic properties. Although their geometric structures are simple, the associated electronic and magnetic properties are not as easy to understand. At first glance, it seems that there is no clear trend, as even isovalence‐electronic TMDH monolayers formed from the same metal but different halides can feature different magnetic moments. The identification of potential trends is further complicated by the fact that for a significant number of species, LDA results and PBE results predict different ground‐state electronic structures. By rigorously analyzing the potential energy surfaces associated with different magnetic moments, we could show that the apparent inconsistencies can be easily understood as a result of the differences in the relative energy between electronic states of different magnetic moments. We further show that the trends in the band gaps can be easily rationalized by an electron counting rule based on simple symmetry arguments.
A comparison of academic and clinical assessments between endodontic residents receiving in‐person versus virtual instruction
Authors: Chatha Nauman R. , Qayyum Zheala
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, all modes of instruction were moved to virtual teaching for the matriculating endodontic residents at Boston University (BU) School of Dental Medicine (2020–2021). As dentistry is a very hands‐on profession, the switch to virtual teaching comes with its own issues of concept retention, zoom fatigue, and limited interaction/lack of engagement between residents and faculty. There has already been a steady decline in the attendance of live lectures by medical and dental students, with students underscoring the ease of watching online lectures/recorded lectures and learning at their own pace.

Methods

This study took a mixed method observational research approach, with one group receiving the standard in‐person (IP) teaching the previous year, and the other group receiving the new intervention of virtual teaching the subsequent year via the zoom platform. The two groups received the same curriculum in its entirety. End‐of‐semester written and oral exams were compared between the two cohorts along with their clinical assessment forms. One focus group was conducted individually with each class for the qualitative portion of this study.

Results

The class of residents receiving IP instruction scored higher in both written and oral components of the end‐of‐semester exam. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in their clinical performance and both groups improved in their exams and clinical performance over time. Focus groups highlighted themes emphasizing the importance of social connectedness and interactions, engagement, individual learning styles and motivating factors, zoom fatigue, and the need for a hybrid model of education.

Conclusions

Although there was a difference in an exam performance of residents receiving IP versus virtual instruction, there was no impact on their clinical performance. However, subjectively, the lack of social connectedness impacted the overall learning experience.
Elective genetic testing: Genetics professionals’ perspectives and practices
Authors: Miura Madison S. , Suckiel Sabrina A. , Naik Hetanshi , Soper Emily R. , Abul‐Husn Noura S.
Published: December 2022

Elective genetic testing (EGT) to identify disease risk in individuals who may or may not meet clinical criteria for testing is increasingly being offered in clinical practice. However, little is known about how EGT is currently implemented and how genetics professionals perceive this type of testing. We conducted a mixed‐methods survey study to evaluate genetics professionals' perspectives and attitudes about EGT and describe the current landscape of EGT practices in the United States (U.S.) and Canada. Six clinical geneticists and 131 genetic counselors responded to the online survey, among whom 44% reported offering EGT in their practice. Over 84% of survey respondents agreed that EGT may improve health outcomes and understanding of genotype–phenotype correlations, and 85% agreed that potential risks include result misinterpretation and contribution to economic health disparities. Though most respondents felt comfortable providing pretest (77%) and post‐test (86%) counseling for EGT, lack of provider resources (such as time and personnel) and prioritization of diagnostic testing were cited most frequently in free‐text responses as reasons for not offering EGT. Of those offering EGT, 88% reported positive overall experiences. Qualitative analysis of open‐ended questions identified benefits of EGT as expanding access to genetic testing, providing potential health benefits, and providing psychological benefits for patients. Disadvantages included prohibitive costs, limited clinical utility, and strain on resources. Overall, we found that genetics providers perceive both potential benefits and harms of EGT and that those offering this testing had generally positive experiences, although ethical reservations and practical limitations exist.
Regulation of denitrification/ammonia volatilization by periphyton in paddy fields and its promise in rice yield promotion
Authors: Abulaiti Alimu , She Dongli , Zhang Wenjuan , Xia Yongqiu
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient in rice production. N loss via denitrification and ammonia (NH3) volatilization decreases N utilization efficiency. The effect of periphyton (a widespread soil surface microbial aggregate in paddy soil) on N‐cycling processes and rice growth in paddy soils remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to reveal the interactions of periphyton with the overlying water and sediment in paddy soils on denitrification/NH3 emissions and rice yield by combining pot experiments and path analysis modeling.

RESULTS

The sediment exerted significant direct and positive effects on denitrification. The periphyton both directly and indirectly enhanced denitrification, mainly by regulating the ammonium (NH4+)‐N content in the sediment. The total contribution of periphyton to denitrification was stronger than that of the overlying water but smaller than that of the sediment. The pH in the overlying water and the NH4+‐N content in the sediment had a strong positive effect on NH3 volatilization. Although the periphyton biomass and chlorophyll a directly prohibited NH3 emissions, this was counterbalanced by the indirect stimulation effects of the periphyton due to its positive alteration of the pH. Moreover, periphyton facilitated rice yield by 10.2% by releasing N.

CONCLUSION

Although the periphyton may have driven N loss by regulating the NH4+‐N content in the sediment and the pH in the overlying water, our study also found that the periphyton was considered a temporary N sink and provided a sustained release of N for rice, thus increasing the rice yield. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topical Adenosine Inhibits Inflammation and Mucus Production in Viral Acute Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Waldstein Kody A. , Ganama Maria , Varga Steven M. , Tilley Stephen , Hua Xiaoyang
Published: December 2022

Objective

Viral acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is the leading cause of work and school absence and antibiotic over‐prescription. There are limited treatment options available to ameliorate the symptoms caused by viral ARS. We have previously demonstrated that topical adenosine treatment enhances mucociliary clearance in the sino‐nasal tract. Here, we assessed the therapeutic potential of topical adenosine in a mouse model of viral ARS.

Methods

The effect of topical adenosine on inflammatory response and mucin gene expression was examined in a mouse model of viral ARS induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) nasal‐only infection. We also investigated the inflammatory effect of both endogenous and exogenous adenosine in the sino‐nasal tract.

Results

Topical adenosine significantly inhibited the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, goblet hyperplasia, mucin expression, and cell damage in the nose of mice with viral ARS. This treatment did not prolong virus clearance. This inhibitory effect was primarily mediated by the A2A adenosine receptor (AR). Although previous studies have shown that adenosine induces a robust inflammatory response in the lungs, neither endogenous nor exogenous adenosine produced inflammation in the sino‐nasal tract. Instead, exogenous adenosine inhibited the baseline expression of TNF and IL‐1β in the nose. Additionally, baseline expression of ARs was lower in the nose than that in the trachea and lungs.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that intranasal adenosine administration effectively decreased inflammation and mucus production in a mouse model of viral ARS.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 133:2095–2103, 2023
Chemically functionalized graphene oxide with N‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine as efficient tribo‐ and rheological modifier for lubricating oil
Authors: Agarwal Priyanka , Porwal Suheel K. , Porwal Jyoti , Singh Raj K. , Singhal Naveen
Published: December 2022

Nanoadditive with multifunctional properties holds commercial importance in the lubricant industry. Herein, GO‐N‐PPDA was synthesised as nanoadditive by functionalizing graphene oxide (GO) using N‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine and characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The antioxidant behaviour of GO‐N‐PPDA was analysed by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate. The nanoparticles dispersed mineral base oil (N‐250) in 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% (w/v) concentrations were evaluated for tribological, rheological and thermophysical analysis by ASTM methods. The flow behaviour of the nanolubricant shows shear thickening behaviour with an increase in shear rate. In contrast, tribological results indicate a significant reduction in wear scar diameter and coefficient of friction to the base oil. Furthermore, GO‐N‐PPDA shows improved thermophysical properties compared with the mineral base oil. Thus, GO‐N‐PPDA shows multifunctional behaviour in terms of viscosity index, pour point, antioxidant activity, rheology and tribological properties.