bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling and stability analysis of the nonlinear system
Authors: Vesovic Mitra , Radulovic Radoslav
Published: April 2022

The production industries have repeatedly combated the problem of system modelling. Successful control of a system depends mainly on the exactness of the mathematical model that predicts its dynamic. Different types of studies are very common in the complicated challenges involving the estimations and approximations in describing nonlinear machines are based on a variety of studies. This article examines the behaviour and stability of holonomic mechanical system in the the arbitrary parameter sets and functional configuration of forces. Differential equations of the behaviour are obtained for the proposed system on the ground of general mechanical theorems, kinetic and potential energies of the system. Lagrange?s equations of the first and second kind are introduced, as well as the representation of the system in the generalized coordinates and in Hamilton?s equations. In addition to the numerical calculations applied the system, the theoretical structures and clarifications on which all of the methods rely on are also presented. Furthermore, static equilibriums are found via two different approaches: graphical and numerical. Above all, stability of motion of undisturbed system and, later, the system that works under the action of an external disturbance was inspected. Finally, the stability of motion is reviewed through Lagrange?Dirichlet theorem, and Routh and Hurwitz criteria. Linearized equations are obtained from the nonlinear ones, and previous conclusions for the stability were proved.
The Impact of Benefit Plan Audits on the Financial Statement Audit
Authors: Prentice Jaclyn D. , Bills Kenneth L. , Peters Gary F.
Published: April 2022

SYNOPSIS

Benefit plan audits, a material but less understood public accounting service, represent a nonaudit service that is “audit related.” We explore the implications of benefit plan audits for the financial statement audit and find that performing a benefit plan audit for a company significantly increases the likelihood that the firm will be selected as a company’s financial statement auditor in the future, particularly for smaller audit firms. Further, we find that companies that engage the same audit firm for both their benefit plan and financial statement audits have a significantly lower likelihood of misstatements and shorter audit report lags. Finally, we find evidence consistent with the joint provision of these services creating greater bonding and higher switching costs for the financial statement audit. Our findings speak to the continued debate over effective market expansion of financial statement audit providers, audit quality determinants, and audit efficiencies.

JEL Classifications: M4; M40; M41; M42; M49.
PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP DAYA SUKA SENSORI DAGING BROILER YANG DIBERI EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH SEBAGAI PENGAWET
Authors: Dan Dian Septinova Aprinando, Riyanti,
Published: April 2022

Garlic (Alliumsativum Linn) is one of the herbs that have been shown to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Component of garlic that has been shown to inhibit microbe is allicin or diallyl acid tiosulfinat. This study aims to determine the effect of storage length on preference test sensory color, aroma, flavor chunks of breast meat of broilers fed extracts of garlic, Determine the effect of storage length to the preference test sensory color, aroma, and flavor chunks of breast meat of broilers  fed extracts of garlic.  This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Production and Reproduction Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung and meat samples obtained from RPA Hi. Nasir, Jl. Skin,Langkapura, Kemiling, Bandar Lampung City. Treatment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and twenty replications. The treatments were storage length 0, 3, 6, 9 hoursmeat broiler fed extracts of garlic. The data were analyzed ANOVA(Analysis of Variance) at the 5% significance level.These results indicate that giving garlic extract  10% inmeat storage broiler 0, 3, 6, 9 hours no real effect (P> 0.05) to power the likes sensory (color, aroma, and flavor).

Keywords: meat broiler, garlic, storage length, preference test, sensory.
PENGARUH PENCELUPAN TELUR TETAS ITIK HIBRIDA MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM SEBAGAI DESINFEKTAN ALAMI TERHADAP DAYA TETAS, MORTALITAS EMBRIO, DAN SALEABLE DUCK
Authors: Gunawan Reynaldy , Nova Khaira , Riyanti RR , Septinova Dian
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of immersion of hybrid duck eggs using bay leaf extract with different concentrations on embryo mortality, hatchability, and saleable duck and to determine the best concentration in immersing hybrid duck eggs using bay leaf extract on embryo mortality, hatchability, and saleable duck. The research was carried out in May - June 2020, the manufacture of bay leaf extract was carried out at the Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, and the hatching process was carried out in Gunung Mas Village, Teluk Betung Selatan District, Bandar Lampung City. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments, namely without dyeing the bay leaf extract (P0), dyeing with bay leaf extract with a concentration of 10% (P1), dyeing with bay leaf extract with a concentration of 20% (P2), dyeing with bay leaf extract. with concentration of 30% (P3). Each treatment was repeated 5 times with each experimental unit amounting to 5 hybrid duck eggs so that 100 eggs were used. The variables observed were embryo mortality, hatchability, and saleable duck. The results showed that immersion of hybrid duck eggs using bay leaf extract at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% had no significant effect on embryo mortality, hatchability, and salable duck of hybrid duck and there was no the best bay leaf solution dosage to reduce embryo mortality, and increase hatchability and saleable duck of hybrid duck.

 

Keywords : Bay leaf, Embryo mortality, Extract, Hatchability, Hybrid duck,  Saleable duck
PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TELUR HERBAL AYAM RAS FASE PERTAMA DI REFRIGERATOR TERHADAP PENURUNAN BERAT TELUR, DIAMETER RONGGA UDARA, DAN INDEKS ALBUMEN
Authors: Astuti Diana Widi , Nova Khaira , Sutrisna Rudy , Septinova Dian
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to: (1) determine the effect of storage time of herbal eggs of chicken first phase in refrigerator temperature on egg weight loss, air cavity diameter, and albumen index, (2) determine the best storage time for herbal eggs of chicken first phase in refrigerator temperature (7,2oC) on egg weight loss, air cavity diameter, and albumen index.  This research was conducted on October 7th – November 4th, 2020, at the Animal Production Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung.  The material used were 60 eggs obtained from Sekuntum Herbal Farm with average weight of 56.67±3.21 g of first phase Lohmann strain chicken (30--40 weeks). The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments including storage time for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 week and 4 replications.  The variables observed were egg weight loss, air cavity diameter, and albumen index.  The data obtained were analyzed based on Analysis of Variance at 5% significance level.  The results that had a significant effect were further tested using the Least Significant Difference (LSD).  The results showed that the storage time gave a significant effect (P<0.05) on egg weight loss, air cavity diameter, and albumen index of first phase chicken eggs.  The storage time of herbal eggs for 1 week at refrigerator temperature showed better quality based on egg weight loss which was still low (1.14%), air cavity diameter (1.983cm), and albumen index (0.073).

Key words: Herbal eggs, egg weight loss, air cavity, albumen index, refrigerator
TINGKAT INFESTASI CACING HATI PADA KAMBING DI KELOMPOK TERNAK KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Fatmawati Siti Tika , Siswanto Siswanto , Santosa Purnama Edy , Qisthon Arif , Arfianto Johan
Published: April 2022

Research on liver worm infestation levels in goats was held on 1--30 March 2021 at three livestock groups of Rukun Amrih Sentosa, Mekar 4, and Sido Makmur in Sukoharjo District, Pringsewu Regency. This research aimed to know the infestation level of liver worms in goats. The research method was a survey method with proportional random sampling. The number of samples was 85 goats from the livestock group in Sukoharjo District. Examination of fecal samples was carried out at the Parasitology Laboratory Lampung Veterinary Center using a sedimentation test. The data obtained were presented in tabulation form and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the liver fluke infestation level on goats was found at Rukun Amrih Sentosa at 3.77%, while at Mekar 4 and Sido Makmur, the liver fluke infestation was not found (0%). From the results of the examination of samples in Sukoharjo District, it was known that there were 2 positive samples of Fasciola (2.35%) from 85 samples examined, meaning that the level of liver worm infestation in the livestock group of Sukoharjo District was low.

 

Keywords: Goat, Infestation level, Liver worms
Fire Detection and Water Discharge Activity for Fire Fighting Robots using IoT
Authors: Al Rakib Md Abdullah , Rahman Md Moklesur , Anik Md Shamsul Alam , Masud Fayez Ahmed Jahangir , Rahman Md Ashiqur , Hossain Md Saddam , Abbas Fysol Ibna
Published: April 2022

A fire is a calamity that can result in the loss of life, property damage, and the victim's lasting incapacity. Our obstacle remover and fireman Robot has been declared. In the case of a fire, we are compelled to employ human resources, which are not safe, to rescue people and put out the fire. With the advent of technology, particularly in robotics, it is now possible to respond quickly to fire locations and combat fires. This would increase firefighter efficiency while simultaneously preventing them from putting their lives in danger. In this project, we created a prototype robot using Arduino that detects and extinguishes fires autonomously. When the flame sensor detects a fire, the water pump and servo motor are activated. The capacity to detect fire sites automatically and extinguish fire remotely at a distance of 20 cm from the fire. The robot is designed to locate fires and spray water into them in order to decrease the amount of damage.
AVIFAUNA PRELIMINAR DA SERRA GERAL, REGIÃO CENTRAL DO BRASIL: CONSERVAÇÃO DE AVES CAMPESTRES NO BIOMA CERRADO E A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DAS BRIGADAS DE INCÊNDIO NO CONHECIMENTO DA BIODIVERSIDADE
Authors: Dornas Tulio , Brito de Carvalho Crizanto , Severo dos Anjos Joaz , Severo dos Anjos Hericlei , Joaquim da Costa Demir , Costa Nogueira Lauana
Published: April 2022

Poucos são os estudos ornitológicos realizados na Serra Geral, região central do Brasil e relevante remanescente do bioma Cerrado. Desta forma, apresentamos uma listagem preliminar da avifauna registrada em oito localidades inventariadas no período de setembro 2019 e agosto de 2020 na interface vale, encosta e chapada da Serra Geral, entre os estados de Goiás, Bahia e Tocantins. Além disso, destacamos o potencial papel das brigadas de incêndios na descoberta de registros inéditos da biodiversidade. Foram registradas 117 espécies de aves, sendo 10 endêmicas do bioma Cerrado, quatro ameaçadas de extinção em âmbito nacional e seis ameaçadas globalmente. A listagem apresentada demonstra que a Serra Geral é marcada pelo predomínio de aves típicas das formações campestres do Cerrado. Ademais, as prospecções permitiram a realização de registros extremamente notáveis: o terceiro registro de Knipolegus nigerrimus para estado do Tocantins e os registros inéditos de Synallaxis spixi para Goiás e de Micropygia schomburgkii para Bahia, este último efetuado pela brigada de incêndio durante combate aos incêndios florestais. Este estudo preenche, ainda que preliminarmente, lacuna de conhecimento acerca da avifauna da Serra Geral, demonstrando o papel desta região na conservação de espécies tipicamente campestres e ameaçadas de extinção do Cerrado.
A POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL: análise de orientações oficiais durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Jeffrey Debora , Siqueira Ivan
Published: April 2022

Decorrente da pandemia de covid-19, as escolas públicas brasileiras estiveram fechadas por mais de um ano, com inúmeras dificuldades de oferta de atividades educacionais. A partir de proposições da Coalizão Global de Educação, Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco), este artigo problematiza efeitos da pandemia abordando comparativamente orientações internacionais e nacionais. A discussão acerca da retomada das aulas presenciais e ensino híbrido assinala dificuldades nacionais da reorganização escolar e indica que o contexto ultrapassa as atribuições da escola, exigindo colaboração de outros setores da sociedade. Os resultados sublinham limites das normas educacionais frente ao estado de excepcionalidade.
Ещё 7 шагов вокруг Совершенного Кубоида
Authors: Пехтерев Захар
Published: April 2022

Статья является продолжением статьи "7 шагов вокруг Совершенного Кубоида", рассматривается случай при наличии общего чётного делителя.
Resiprositas Dalam Upacara Mengrumbang Pada Masyarakat Etnis Pakpak Di Kecamatan Sidikalang Kabupaten Dairi
Authors: Berutu Junita , Amal Bakhrul Khair , Hidayat Hidayat
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji resiprositas yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaan upacara mengrumbang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menemukan hal baru yakni ternyata pelaksanaan upacara mengrumbang terjadi sistem pertukaran dan dalam kajian antropologi disebut dengan resiprositas. Adapun hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: pada pelaksanaan upacara mengrumbang terjadi resiprositas umum yaitu resiprositas yang bersifat kekeluargaan dan kekerabatan yang didasarkan oleh adanya keterikatan dan kekompakan antara pihak sukut dengan sulang silima khususnya pihak puang. Oleh sebab itu, dalam pelaksanaan upacara mengrumbang masyarakat tidak melihat dari nilai tukar yang diberikan maupun dari segi untung dan rugi pada pelaksanaan upacara mengrumbang.
Strategi Perempuan Parombou dalam Resistensi Kemiskinan di Desa Dolok Saribu Kecamatan Dolok Pardamean Kabupaten Simalungun
Authors: Girsang Citra , Malau Waston , Baiduri Ratih
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui latar belakang perempuan marombou di Desa Dolok Saribu serta mengetahui strategi perempuan parombou dalam resistensi kemiskinan di Desa Dolok Saribu. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori feminis postmodern. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi, dan untuk memperoleh data serta informasi yang mendalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penelitian lapangan, yaitu melalui observasi partisipasi, wawancara mendalam, serta dokumentasi yang didukung dengan adanya catatan lapangan. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa latar belakang perempuan marombou di Desa Dolok Saribu ialah untuk mengatasi keadaan miskin yang dialaminya sehingga memperoleh hidup yang lebih baik nantinya serta membantu dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, kebutuhan akan tenaga kerja di Desa Dolok Saribu kemudian menjadi jalan untuk perempuan dapat marombou. Adapun strategi perempuan parombou dalam resistensi kemiskinan dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu strategi kemiskinan untuk jangka panjang dan jangka pendek. Strategi untuk jangka panjang yaitu dengan cara memperbaiki pendidikan bagi generasi berikutnya sedangkan jangka pendeknya ialah dengan memilih mengerjakan tanaman yang memiliki harga jual tinggi seperti tanaman jahe yang upahnya didasarkan pada berat yang dipanen
Penanaman Nilai Budaya Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Pada Keluarga Masyarakat Karo Di Desa Narigunung Kabupaten Karo
Authors: Alemisa Endang , Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses penanaman nilai budaya dalam pembentukan karakter masyarakat Karo tepatnya di Desa Narigunung Kabupaten Karo dengan mengkaji cara dan peran orangtua dalam menanamkan nilai budaya, kendala yang dihadapi keluarga, dan solusi yang diberikan keluarga selama proses berlangsung. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil bahwa keluarga merupakan wadah utama dalam pembentukan karakter seorang anak. Nasihat yang diberikan oleh orangtua kepada anaknya adalah salah satu bentuk penanaman nilai budaya. Proses penanaman nilai budaya berawal sejak anak masih kecil sampai dewasa, adapun kendala yang dihadapi yakni: Pengaruh handphone, kesibukan orangtua untuk bekerja, pengaruh lingkungan dan tingkat pengetahuan orangtua. Solusi yang diberikan keluarga dalam mengahadapi kendala yakni: mengenalkan anak tentang adat-istiadat budaya Karo khususnya tentang tutur, ikut serta dalam acara pesta tahunan, mengunjungi kerabat pada saat ada acara perkawinan dan lain sebagainya.
Kajian Antropologi Pendidikan Tentang Permainan Rakyat Marlumbung Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Di Paud Pelangi Sejahtera
Authors: Lumbantoruan Lamroito , Hidayat Hidayat
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang kajian antropologi pendidikan tentang permainan rakyat Marlumbung sebagai media pembelajaran di PAUD Pelangi Sejahtera. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahapan, manfaat, alasan dan kendala permainan rakyat Marlumbung sebagai media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat untuk menginspirasi setiap tenaga pendidik khususnya pendidik PAUD bahwa sebuah permainan rakyat yakni Marlumbung atau congklak (Bahasa Jawa) dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran di kelas. Sehingga guru dapat memanfaatkan biji lumbung sesuai mata pencaharian atau sumber alam tempat tinggalnya masing-masing. Selain menjadi pengetahuan bagi peserta didik, keuntungan lainnya yakni tidak meninggalkan kearifan lokal yang ada di masyarakat salah satunya itu permainan rakyat Marlumbung. Jenis penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yaitu dengan cara melihat dan mengamati secara langsung bagaimana permainan rakyat Marlumbung dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua informan yaitu guru PAUD Pelangi Sejahtera dan beberapa orang tua anak didik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menggambarkan permainan rakyat Marlumbung sebagai media pembelajaran membawa perkembangan dan kemampuan yang sangat besar terhadap peserta didik mulai dari perkembangan motorik halus, belajar kognitif, melatih kesabaran dan ketelitian, melatih jiwa sportifitas, belajar jujur, dan mampu menjalin kontak sosial oleh peserta didik
Development of higher order thinking skill (HOTS) assessment instrument for salt hydrolysis
Authors:   Chemistry Education Study Program, Postgraduate, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Lubis Alfi Rizkina , Sudrajat Ajat ,   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Nugraha Asep Wahyu ,   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the results of the analysis of instrumentation requirements, the feasibility category of the Higher Order Thinking Skills an assessment instrument in terms of an expert validation. The research and the development model applied is 4-D (four-D) model. The trial design consisted of content validation tests by experts and analyzed by Aiken's formula. The assessment instrument obtained 37 items that are suitable for use, which means the assessment instrument has met the content validity by the expert judgment which has been analyzed using Aiken's V of 0.85, which means that all items are valid.
DOPING GLUKOKORTIKOID
Authors: Ginting Alin Anggreni
Published: April 2022

Penggunaan doping dalam olahraga sudah menjadi hal yang umum dikarenakan tingginya tingkat persaingan dan adakalanya dikarenakan kurangnya informasi dan pengetahuan terkait doping itu sendiri. WADA sebagai organisasi anti doping dunia melarang penggunaan glukokortikoid saat pertandingan tanpa adanya pengawasan tim medis. Glukokortikoid merupakan steroid yang memiliki fungsi utama gluconeogenesis.
PENGEMBANGAN VARIASI LATIHAN DRIBBLING KOMBINASI SHOOTING PADA OLAHRAGA FUTSAL
Authors: Syahputra Wahyu Dimas , Hasibuan M. Nustan
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bentuk variasi latihan dribbling kombinasi shooting pada olahraga futsal. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh atlet Futsal Hero Academy, Indo Medan Sportivo dan Tibor FC. Bentuk yang telah dibuat terlebih dahulu divalidasi oleh 3 ahli, 1 pelatih bola futsal, 1 ahli dibidang olahraga dan 1 ahli dibidang bahasa, dimana persentase validitasnya adalah 75%-94% yang diambil dari nilai persentase terkecil hingga terbesar dari hasil keseluruhan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development/ R&D). Hasil uji kelompok kecil melibatkan 18 orang atlet yang terdiri dari Indo Medan Sportivo, dan Tibor FC menunjukkan bahwa 20 bentuk variasi latihan tersebut sudah memenuhi kriteria layak. Persentase validitas dari angket yang telah dibagikan kepada sampel menunjukkan bahwa 75%-100% yang diambil dari nilai persentase terkecil hingga terbesar dari hasil keseluruhan. Hasil uji kelompok besar terhadap 30 orang atlet yang terdiri dari Futsal Hero Academy, Indo Medan Sportivo dan Tibor FC menunjukkan bahwa 20 bentuk variasi latihan tersebut sudah memenuhi kriteria layak digunakan. Persentase validitas dari angket yang telah dibagikan kepada sampel menunjukkan bahwa 75-100% yang diambil dari nilai persentase terkecil hingga terbesar dari hasil keseluruhan. Dapat disimpulkan 20 model variasi latihan tersebut baik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dribbling kombinasi shooting pada olahraga futsal serta latihan menjadi lebih menarik, karena hal tersebut sangat penting dalam latihan agar latihan tersebut tidak membosankan serta jadi bahan masukan buat para pelatih di klub futsal di seluruh Indonesia.
PENGARUH SENAM AEROBIK TERHADAP KADAR TRIGLISERIDA BERAT BADAN BERLEBIH (OVERWEIGHT) DI UNIMED HEALTHY COMMUNITY (UHC) UNIMED
Authors: Simanjuntak Sahata , Hasibuan Rosmaini
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan informasi tentang  pengaruh senam aerobik terhadap kadar trigliserida berat badan berlebih (Overweight) di Unimed Healthy Community (UHC) UNIMED. Penelitian ini dilakukan di stadion Universitas Negeri Medan dan Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara UPT Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah, Kota MedanPenelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan desain penelitian One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design.Populasi dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 30 orang. Jumlah sampel yang sebanyak 13 orang yang ditetapkan dengan menggunakan teknik  purposive sampling. Selama 8 minggu dengan dosis FITT: a) frekuensi 3 kali seminggu, b) intensitas berat: 70-80 % DNM, c) tipe hight impact, d) time 45 menit. Pemeriksaan kadar trigliserida dilakukan di awal dan diakhir perlakuan. Data dianalisis mengunakan uji-t statistic. Hasil data yang di peroleh dimana nilai signifikan ɑ=0,05 dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dan dibandingkan dengan hasil yang didapat dimana thitung> ttabel atau 4,096> 1,77Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis dan pembahasan penelitian dimana Hipotesis statistik Ha: thitung> ttabel dan Ho: thitung<ttabel. Maka dapat menyimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh senam aerobik terhadap kadar trigliserida berat badan berlebih (overweight) di Unimed Healthy Community (UHC) UNIMED.
PENGARUH LATIHAN SMALL-SIDED GAMES TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KONDISI FISIK PEMAIN SEPAKBOLA USIA 12-14 TAHUN SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA PERFECT UNIMED TAHUN 2018
Authors: Capah Doni Alfian , Nusri Ardi
Published: April 2022

Akhir-akhir ini sering dibicarakan tentang metode latihan Small-Sided Games. Menurut Sam Snow (2011:5), small-sided  games adalah  permainan yang dimainkan di lapangan yang lebih kecil dan pemain yang lebih sedikit dari  pada  permainan  yang  sesungguhnya  yaitu  11  lawan  11.  Permainan dengan 3 lawan 3, 4 lawan 3 dan 4 lawan 4 adalah contoh permainan small sided games. Berkaitan dengan sedang maraknya penggunaan matode latihan Small-Sided Games, maka peneliti ingin mengetahui manfaat metode latihan Small-Sided Games yang  kaitannya dengan kondisi fisik pemain sepakbola. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh  Latihan Small-Sided Games terhadap peningkatan kondisi fisik pemain sepakbola usia 12-14 tahun sekolah sepakbola Perfect Unimed. Penelitian ini  merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan teknik tes untuk pengambilan datanya.  Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one pretest-posttest group. Dari hasil penelitian didapat ada peningkatan kondisi fisik bermain sepakbola pada siswa SSB Perfect Unimed sesudah diberikan latihan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh latihan small side game terhadap peningkatan kondisi fisik pada siswa SSB Perfect Unimed.
MOTIVASI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN KEPELATIHAN OLAHRAGA UNTUK MENJADI PERSONAL TRAINER
Authors: Jauhari Mhd. Ishak , Hasibuan Rosmaini
Published: April 2022

Mahasiswa Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga sudah memiliki kemampuan untuk menjadi seorang Personal Trainer. Kompetensi tersebut diperoleh dari mata kuliah yang telah dipelajari seperti. Menurut mereka motivasi menjadi personal trainer disebabkan karena motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Adapun faktor intrinsik dikarenakan mereka ingin menyalurkan kemampuan yang mereka peroleh dalam perkuliahan untuk menjadi seorang Personal Trainer. Selain itu faktor ekstrinsik menurut mereka, gaji seorang Personal trainer termasuk besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Motivasi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga untuk menjadi Personal Trainer. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Deskriptif dengan menggunakan angket. Berdasarkan hasil penyebaran angket menunjukkan bahwa motivasi mahasiswa Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga untuk menjadi Personal trainer untuk indikator daya pendorong, diperoleh persentase sebesar 60,67% yang termasuk dalam kategori “baik”. Dari indikator kemauan, diperoleh persentase 65,19% yang termasuk dalam kategori “baik”. Indikator kerelaan, diperoleh persentase 64,37% yang termasuk kategori “baik”. Indikator keahlian, diperoleh persentase 61,47% yang termasuk kategori “baik”. Indikator keterampilan, diperoleh persentase sebesar 73,06% dengan kategori “baik”. Indikator tanggung jawab, diperoleh persentase sebesar 69,05% dengan kategori “baik”. Dari indikator kewajiban, diperoleh persentase sebesar 66,55% dengan kategori “baik”. Indikator tujuan, diperoleh persentase sebesar 70,15% dengan kategori “baik”. Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Motivasi Mahasiswa pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga menjadi Personal Trainer termasuk dalam kategori baik
PERBEDAAN AKTIVITAS FISIK INTENSITAS SEDANG DAN INTENSITAS BERAT TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) PADA TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)
Authors: Situmorang Anjelius Setiawan
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas fisik intensitas sedang dan intensitas berat terhadap kadar kolesterol low density lipoprotein (LDL) pada tikus putih (rattus norvegicus). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi Fakultas Farmasi USU pada bulan juni sampai dengan bulan juli 2021. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian ekperimental dengan desain post test and control grup desain. Sampel penelitian adalah tikus putih jantan berjumlah 30 ekor dengan umur 3-4 bulan dan berat badan 180-200 gram. Sampel di bagi menjadi 3 kelompok secara acak dengan kelompok terdiri dari 10 ekor tikus. Kelompok kontrol : tidak diberi aktivitas fisik, kelompok p1 : diberi aktivitas fisik berat berenang selama 50 menit, kelompok p2 : diberi aktivitas fisik sedang berupa renang selama 40 menit. Pemberian aktifitas fisik pada tikus diberikan dengan frekuensi 3 x seminggu selama 2 minggu. Sebelum tikus diberikan perlakuan terlebih dahulu tikus diberikan makan diet tinggi lemak (hiperkolestrolemia) berupa (lemak kambing, telur puyuh dan minyak jelanta) sebanyak 2 kali sehari selama 2 minggu. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengambilan darah langsung dari jantung. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar Ldl dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometri dengan metode colorimetri. Teknik analis data menggunakan uji anova dengan SPSS versi 22.  Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada ketiga kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok aktivitas fisik sedang, aktivitas fisik berat ( p = 0.222 ; p>0.05). Aktivitas fisik sedang dan berat tidak dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol ldl pada tikus yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Akan tetapi rata-rata kadar ldl pada kelompok aktivitas sedang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok aktivitas berat.  Kesimpulan penelitian adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan aktivitas fisik intensitas sedang dan intensitas berat terhadap kadar kolesterol low density lipoprotein (LDL) pada tikus yang di-induksi diet tinggi lemak.
Book Review: Peter Cleave, Data Wars: The Algorithmic State
Authors: Paul Moon
Published: April 2022

In recent years, literature on indigenous issues has come to be dominated by two connected themes: the challenges arising from the experiences of colonisation; and the means of (re-) asserting indigenous culture, political influence, and identity. To some degree, the focus on these areas has come at the expense of other developments affecting indigenous groups (among others), particularly the rise of commercial and political forces that subvert the significance of the binary Western-indigenous model of analysis, and that present both material and conceptual challenges to notions of indigeneity. Among much else, the cultural and political ramifications of emerging virtual states on indigenous peoples is a topic of Professor Peter Cleave’s new book, Data Wars: The Algorithmic State.
European landmarks for health care reform in Ukraine compared to Germany
Authors: Shlapko T. , Starynskyi M. , Myrhorod-Karpova V.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to improving the legal regulation of health care in Ukraine in the light of European integration processes, using the experience of Germany. This issue is relevant both in Ukraine and abroad, as the health care systems of many countries are currently in need of improvement and indepth research, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

As a country with a vector to join the European Union, Ukraine must meet precise criteria for membership in this economic and political union and continue to reform the health care system. This article discusses the main German regulations concerning the health care system. The main problems that arise during medical services and their financing are summarized. The newest aspects of health care development are considered; in particular, the influence of digitalization on the development of health care, in general, is studied. The emergence, development, and further prospects of digitalization in Germany and Ukraine are analyzed in detail. The latest information and electronic technologies are mentioned, based on which there is a direct connection between patients, healthcare professionals and other participants in relations in healthcare field.

Initiatives for digitalization in European countries, including Germany, which are gradually improving the functioning of the electronic health care system in Germany, are considered because the Federal Ministry of Health receives feedback from consumers of innovative technologies, namely ePa, eHealth, and others. The introduction of new technologies is not unilateral but rather bilateral because citizens can express their views on the functioning of the new electronic system. Ukraine, in turn, is adopting the experience of Germany and implementing it in our electronic healthcare system.

The conclusion is made about perspective directions of state regulation in the sphere of reforming the health care system in Ukraine, taking into account the European experience. Particular attention is paid to highlighting what Ukraine can borrow from Germany to improve its health care system and ensure and improve the quality of medical services.
The state of legal regulation of home care by police in Ukraine
Authors: Boyko O.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the problematic issues of the quality of the police’s statutory tasks of protecting human life and ensuring their own safety.

The article clarifies the normative origins of the police officer’s duty to provide home care to the victim at the scene, identifies some shortcomings in the legal regulation of police activities related to health care. Although a police officer is a person who does not usually have a medical education, the law requires him or her to acquire and use some kind of medical knowledge at work at the scene of the accident. There is a need to ensure the quality of relevant educational services to the subjects of relevant relations.

Based on the analysis of relevant legislation, scientific and theoretical framework and educational practice on the research topic, a number of problematic aspects were identified, including: debatable application of the term “medical care” to non-medical education, internal inconsistency of legislation and regulations. The article focuses on some shortcomings of the normative content of police training programs under the First on the Event Program, which lead to irrational calculation of students’ training and instructor workload, and thus reduce its quality and efficiency, as well as inadequate organization of training. Critical assessment concerns the lack of a departmental police training program for home care, taking into account service needs and internationally recognized TESS standards. There are a number of recommendations and proposals to address these shortcomings that can be used in legislative activities.
The Subject of Persistent Failure to Perform Duties Related to the Care of a Child or a Person under Guardianship or in the Custody (Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine)
Authors: Filipenko V.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the subject of the crime under Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The subject of this crime has been identified as special. Its general (obligatory) and special (additional) features are found out. The general (obligatory) features include the following: a natural person, a sane person who has reached the age of sixteen. It is substantiated that special (additional) features of the subject of this crime characterize his social role and relationship with the victim. The social role is to take care of the child or the person under guardian- ship or custody. The subject has a family relationship with the child, and a custody or guardianship relationship with the incapacitated person. Scientific approaches to determining the range of subjects of this crime have been studied and their differences have been identified. The article clarifies and analyzes the types of special subject of the crime under Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Depending on the person in need of care, they are divided into two groups. The first group includes subjects with responsibilities for the care of the child and the family nature of

the relationship between them. These are parents, adoptive parents, guardians, trustees, foster carers, foster parents, foster parents or actual caregivers. The second group includes entities that have responsibilities for the care of a person with limited capacity (incapacity) and are in a relationship with them in custody (guardianship) - guardians, trustees, officials of guardianship and trusteeship, heads of health care facilities or social protection.

The case law on the application of Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (2010-2021). Based on this, it was concluded that the perpetrators of the crime are mostly parents of the child, only in isolated cases - adoptive parents and guardians.
Restrictions on the rights to liberty and security of person in the conditions of COVID -19
Authors: Bukhta Yu.
Published: April 2022

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical provisions and legal basis for establishing restrictions on the rights to liberty and security of person in terms of preventing the spread of acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Ukraine.The study argues that the implementation of human rights restrictions in the context of preventing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic should be based on criteria of quality of law, justification of purpose and public necessity.Based on the analysis of certain provisions of the current legislation, which establish restrictions on human rights during a pandemic, it was found that most often in a pandemic are a restriction of the right to respect for private life; the right to liberty and the right to security of person; the right to freedom of movement; the right to freedom of peaceful assembly; the right to freedom of religion; the right to access medical care and some others.The article analyzes the various restrictions on human rights to liberty and security of person in the context of the spread of the disease. Among them, considerable attention is paid to the study of the legality of compulsory hospitalization of patients to observers, the use of the service “Action. Home” in the context of interference in the privacy of a person and restricts his personal rights and freedoms; appropriate measures to prevent the spread of acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in pre-trial detention facilities and penitentiary institutions.It is proved that today the legislation of Ukraine does not develop a unified approach to the establishment and regulation of quarantine restrictions in the field of human rights. There are many cases of contradictions between the current legislation in this area and acts designed to establish certain restrictions on the exercise of their rights to liberty and security of person.
Human rights as a tool limiting state power
Authors: Tsololo V. , Filipskyi D.
Published: April 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the limitation of state power through the concept of human rights. Numerous scientific researches and publications are devoted to the question of the balance of interests of the state and the person, the main purpose of which is to try to find and establish parity and balance between private and public. Speaking about human rights as an instrument of limiting state power, based on the idea that in today's world there are almost no absolute, unlimited rights, the authors emphasize the importance of restrictions imposed by the state, which must be commensurate and established by law. The article discusses the need to establish and have clear criteria for restricting human rights at the legislative and constitutional levels. This will be a guarantee against arbitrary actions of the state to reduce the scope of law enforcement of the individual and will act as a safeguard (factor) of limiting state power. In their work, the authors highlight the elements that form the basis and underlying the concept of restricting human rights and emphasize the positive and negative obligations of the state, as those that set the boundaries of public authority. Considering this issue, the authors explore the priority of human rights and refer to the rule of recognizing each individual as a full participant in legal relations, along with the inadmissibility of the individual as the object of such interaction, obliging public authorities to respect self-realization. The relevance of this publication indicates the need to find a balance and clearly delineate and distinguish the boundaries, elements, criteria and relations between man and the state, which is the guarantor of the realization and inviolability of rights, and in case of such violation - the guarantor of their protection. Nowadays, this topic is especially relevant for modern democratic societies, given the constant expansion of human rights, the practice of international (European) and national courts. Thus, the best possible understanding of the content of the concept of human rights as an instrument of limiting state power will promote their proper implementation and act as a guarantor of their security.
The axiomatic nature of legal knowledge
Authors: Vovk V. , Voluiko O.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the axiomatic nature of legal knowledge. The author argues that in the coordinates of modern methodological guidelines, the classical division of scientific knowledge into natural and humanitarian is not correct due to the presence of interdisciplinary and butt scientific knowledge. The thesis that the goal and purpose of scientific knowledge are unidirectional is substantiated. Scientific knowledge is one by nature, and therefore there is no need to differentiate the foundations of scientific theories into axioms and postulates.

It is also pointed out that even today the problems of axiomatics of scientific knowledge are traditionally presented in the field of mathematics and other exact sciences, but it does not take into account that all scientific concepts (regardless of scientific affiliation) are based on axiomatic foundations. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of obtaining information by K. Shannon, the essence of which is to recognize the fact of obtaining new information about reality by observing it (a posteriori information) is possible based on pre-experimental, initial (a priori) information. This a priori information in scientific research is represented by a system of axioms and hypotheses.

The article shows that the legal concepts of the origin of law are based on axioms, as provisions that are perceived as faith. The author identifies four axioms, which are often the basis of ontological legal concepts: the law is a social phenomenon and it arises in society (law is a social phenomenon); the right arises together with the state; law arises later than human society, but earlier than the state; law arises simultaneously with religion and morality as a result of the disintegration of mythology as a syncretic regulatory system. The results of the study can be used in further philosophical and theoretical and legal scientific research, preparation of special courses.
Gap of intellectual property regulation in the field of generic registration
Authors: Kostenko I. , Ogyewuch S.
Published: April 2022

The work is devoted to the analysis of problems related to intellectual property rights in the field of pharmaceuticals. In particular, the indicators of low effectiveness of Ukrainian legislation and the practice of its implementation were noted on the basis of the analysis of the annual report of the European Commission on the situation with protection of intellectual property in third countries, which was conducted in 2020. In the course of scientific work the problem of registration of generic drugs before the expiration of the patent for the original drug is covered and the ineffectiveness of the system of protection of the rights of persons-owners of original drugs is noted. In this context, the experience of the United States is considered, in particular in the functioning of the patent linkage system and the Orange Book, as well as their main features are analyzed and the feasibility of such experience for Ukraine is substantiated. The situation with the registration of generics before the expiration of the patent for the original drug, where the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Inventions and Utility Models" noted the vagueness of legislation on the legality or, conversely, the illegality of patent for the original drug. For the practical value of the work and detailed coverage of the problem, the case law in disputes between manufacturers of originals and manufacturers of generics was reviewed and summarized, based on which the negative aspects that are characteristic of the practice of resolving such disputes were identified. In addition, it was noted what is the main economic interest of the parties to the dispute in resolving the case in their favor, including the possibility for the manufacturer of the original drug to hold a monopoly position in the market for some time, and for manufacturers of generic drugs - to accelerate market entry. and cover the costs of creating and distributing a generic drug. In conclusion, the main results of the study are described and the proposed measures necessary for reforming the system of intellectual property rights in the field of pharmaceuticals and achieving a result that does not differ from developed countries and would ensure a high level of protection of life and health countries.
Prerequisites for the formation of the concept of the rule of law in civil proceedings: historical and legal context
Authors: Sopianenko O.
Published: April 2022

The article considers the historical preconditions for the formation and development of the concept of the rule of law in civil proceedings. It is determined that the implementation of civil procedural activities is due to the special importance of the right to a fair trial as an eternal value of any legal and democratic state. However, civil litigation as a system of consideration and resolution of legal disputes in its continuous development has gone from the oldest procedures of protection of law, repeated attempts to regulate certain rules of litigation to large-scale codifications of legislation, which determined at different stages and in different countries process and its main elements. Thus, reforms in the field of civil justice have always been associated with the search for and approval of new fundamental ideas, paradigms for the administration of justice in cases.

This study considered the formation of forms of consideration and resolution of civil cases during the Kyiv Rus, during the stay of Ukrainian lands in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Hetmanate, the period of Russian autocracy and legislation in the Left Bank Ukraine, the influence of Austrian law in Western Ukraine. Soviet period, as well as the current stage of development of justice in civil are also discovered. Normative legal acts are analysed, in particular, Rus Pravda, Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Decisive Points, "Rights of the Little Russian People", "Summary of Trials or Litigation", "On Forms of Court", Statute of Civil Procedure of 1864 , Austrian Civil Procedure Code of 1895; CPC of the USSR in 1924, CPC of the USSR in 1929 and 1963.

Specific attention is paid to the Concept of Improving the Judiciary to Establish a Fair Court in Ukraine in Accordance with European Standards in 2006 and the Strategy for the Development of the Justice and Constitutional Judiciary for 2021-2023, which sets priorities for improving the judiciary, as well as the implementation of urgent measures to ensure positive changes in the functioning of relevant legal institutions.

The list of measures that need to be taken to eliminate defects and thus increase the efficiency of civil proceedings is identified. In particular, the real guarantee of the rule of law, and ultimately, the fairness of the trial and resolution of civil cases.