bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Babies are a massive money spinner’: Data, reproductive labour and the commodification of pre-motherhood in fertility and pregnancy apps
Authors: Hamper Josie
Published: July 2024

This article investigates how users of self-tracking apps evaluate the imperative to share intimate data. Through 42 interviews with 24 women in the United Kingdom who had used fertility and pregnancy tracking apps with the hope of giving birth to a baby in the future, this article empirically examines the lived experiences of sharing, withholding and managing intimate data. Research participants perceived their sharing of data with their apps as a transaction or payment in return for improved access to knowledge and information about fertility, pregnancy and parenthood. By critically examining the intersection of digitised reproductive labour and intensive mothering ideologies, I argue that these evaluations of data sharing as transactional were heavily influenced by a digitally intensified consumer culture of pre-motherhood.
Feel local, post local: An ethnographic investigation of a social media-based local public
Authors: Burai Krisztina , Solti Ábel , Bene Márton
Published: July 2024

Using an ethnographic approach, this study examines the social media-based local public sphere during a by-election campaign in Jászberény, a medium-sized city in Hungary. We conducted online observations and interviews with local actors to explore the construction and functioning of the communication arena on Facebook, the central social media platform of local politics. We show that there is a vibrant local public on Facebook, where local elites and citizens actively discuss local issues. This public is highly centralized, dominated by a few key actors, and polarized along political lines, but it is still integrated through frequent interactions between actors belonging to different political blocs. It is also highly personal and embedded in the offline lifeworld. The issues discussed online can lead to policy actions. The local Facebook public is also characterized by strong negativity and the presence of deceptive techniques acting as a deterrent to participation in online civic activities.
When content moderation is not about content: How Chinese social media platforms moderate content and why it matters
Authors: Li Luzhou , Zhou Kui
Published: July 2024

Content moderation has become an essential part of the business of social media platforms, yet how it works remains largely a mystery in some important cases, particularly with regard to platforms run by Chinese companies. This research examines the latest automated moderation approaches adopted by Chinese short video platforms. Drawing on expert interviews and documentary research, we argue that Chinese platforms are moving away from a semantic approach, one that aims to grasp the meaning of content, and toward regulating the ambient element, which we define as the pervasive information that immediately surrounds content and enacts its overall character and impact. Applying a consequentialist ethics lens to investigate this turn, we argue that the ambient shift represents a more proactive approach to moderation, one intended to create a generally beneficial informational environment for platform users. This contrasts with reactive, individualistic moderation regimes grounded in the principle of informational neutrality.
Development and validation of stability-indicating assay method and identification of force degradation products of glucagon-like peptide-1 synthetic analog Exenatide using liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometer
Authors: Badgujar Devendra , Maskar Tejas , Paritala Sree Teja , Sharma Nitish
Published: July 2024

Exenatide is a synthetic glucagon-like peptide 1 analog, widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The stability of pharmaceutical products is significantly impacted by various environmental stress conditions. The present study reports the development of a validated reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) stability-indicating method for the identification of force degradation products (DPs) of synthetic glucagon-like peptide-1 analog Exenatide using UHPLC-Orbitrap fusionTM mass spectrometer. Force degradation studies were performed by subjecting Exenatide to various stress conditions, such as hydrolytic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal to investigate the stability indicating ability of the method. Significant degradation was observed during acidic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. Exenatide and its major DPs identification and characterization were demonstrated by employing LC-HRMS and MS/MS method. In total, five major stress DPs were characterized, and their fragmentation pathway was proposed using MS/MS studies. Finally, the proposed RP-HPLC method was validated as per ICH guidance.
The role of phone mediation: Social workers’ and vulnerable clients’ role performances in mediated welfare encounters
Authors: Schmidt Alexandrina
Published: July 2024

Welfare encounters are increasingly being conducted using communication devices which comprises mediated encounters. This article contributes to studies on the integration of mediated encounters into social work practice. The study adopts a symbolic interactionist perspective and is based on interviews with 24 social workers and 17 vulnerable clients. It examines the role of phone mediation in social workers’ and clients’ role performances in welfare encounters that lack non-verbal communication. This study argues that phone mediation illustrates the unequal stakes in welfare encounters: A professional work role and organisational goal attainment are at stake for social workers, whereas the livelihoods of vulnerable clients depend on welfare encounters and the social and economic support provided by them. Such stakes are often taken for granted in routine face-to-face welfare encounters; thus, phone mediation alerts the participants to the consequentiality of welfare encounters. Moreover, this article finds that phone mediation may provide confidential distance, which can be used to support hard-to-reach clients and social work practices. However, mediated encounters also run the risk of being insignificant for client trajectories and restrict the roles of social workers and clients. Overall, the study highlights everyday technologies, such as phones, that are important for the social worker-client relationship, welfare delivery, and clients’ welfare trajectories. It argues for further inclusion of everyday technologies in future research agendas that examine the digitalisation of social work and the importance of non-verbal communication.
Running as a catalyst for environmental data inquiry: closing the distance between ‘everyday’ and ‘expert’ knowledges
Authors: Foley Aideen M
Published: July 2024

Public misunderstanding of environmental data is often framed as a skills deficit on the part of the audience, but in truth, ‘data’ is multifarious and manifold in everyday life. Drawing on my experiences as a runner with a geographer’s appreciation for maps, this essay charts how running has catalysed my own inquiry with environmental data, acting as an embodied methodology for thinking about place-based environmental change and risks, like flooding. I argue that communication of such risks could be enhanced by integrating data into the everyday spaces and activities where people encounter maps, aiding them to make connections between familiar forms of data and new knowledge.
Infrastructure Investment and Finance in the Global South: Private Participation and Its Determinants
Authors: Wu Weiping
Published: July 2024

While the public sector is traditionally the sole provider for much of infrastructure, the pendulum is shifting in light of the enormous investment gap. Across the Global South, public utilities and planning agencies are engaging with the private sector to help bridge the gap. What are the key patterns of private participation in infrastructure (PPI) across countries in the Global South? What macro factors underscore such private participation? These research questions motivate this paper, focusing on five infrastructure sectors across the Global South and its regions. Following a historical synthesis of the changing balance of public and private provision, the paper outlines recent patterns of PPI. Drawing from a World Bank database, a regression analysis includes key macro-level predictors for private sector financing, for both the number of projects and stock of investment. Key results point to the importance of market size and in turn the potential for risk diversification, as well as a set of governance factors underlining investor confidence and stable environment.
What Happened to Rural Community and Regional Development? The Evolution of a Planning Idea
Authors: Hibbard Michael , Frank Kathryn I.
Published: July 2024

At the beginning of the profession in the early 1900s, planning considered uniquely rural places and communities through the lens of regionalism. Yet today it tends to regard all spatiality as part of the urban environment and non-city-dwellers as part of the urban population. To understand this shift, we examine the history of rural regional development planning over the past century up to the Great Recession. We then apply the lessons to consider what a 21st century reinvention of rural planning might entail, particularly the possible recovery of the comprehensive, reformist approach.
Exploring the Experience of Community Participation Among Individuals With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Randolph Samantha B. , Barch Deanna M. , Ben-Zeev Dror , Moran Erin K.
Published: July 2024

People with serious mental illness (SMI) encounter restrictions in the quantity of their community participation. Less is known about the quality of their participation. We aimed to explore the relationship between symptoms of SMI and the daily experience (i.e., loneliness and enjoyment) of community participation. We examined daily community participation among people with SMI using ecological momentary assessment surveys. We built multilevel models to examine the associations between symptoms of SMI and loneliness or enjoyment during community participation. Our analysis included 183 people among four participant groups: bipolar disorder ( n = 44), major depressive disorder ( n = 46), schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder ( n = 40), and control ( n = 53). People with schizophrenia engaged in more unstructured activities (e.g., socializing) than people among other groups. Symptom association varied across diagnostic groups. To support tailored intervention development, researchers and practitioners should consider the context of participation and the clinical characteristics of the client.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Adaptation of the Assessment of Positive Occupation-15 (APO-15) in Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Özkan Esma , Ercan Doğu Selma , Noguchi Takuya , Örsel Sibel
Published: July 2024

The concept of positive occupations that enhance physical, mental, and social well-being is a novel idea that integrates positive psychology and occupational therapy. Valid and reliable scales are required to assess positive occupations for well-being in mental health settings. In this regard, the Assessment of Positive Occupation-15 (APO-15) is unique, as it evaluates positive occupations that promote health and well-being. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of and determine the cutoff value of the Turkish version of the APO-15 in individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). The study was conducted with 106 individuals with SMI. The structural validity of the scale items was determined using confirmatory factor analysis, while the reliability of the scale was analyzed with Cronbach’s alpha (α) and McDonald’s omega (ω) coefficients. The comparative fit index (0.964) and the Tucker–Lewis index (0.955) demonstrated a good fit. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were .826, .814, .707, and .674, and the total scale score was 0.924. McDonald’s ω coefficients for the four scale dimensions were 0.832, 0.818, 0.716, and 0.727. The cutoff point of 49.50 for the APO-15 for point sensitivity (0.727) and specificity (0.766) yielded good results. The Turkish version of the APO-15 is an effective and reliable tool for assessing well-being in mental health settings.
Striking the Balance: Embracing Technology While Upholding Humanistic Principles in Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Ardaillon Hugo , Ribault Shams , Herault Caroline , Pisella Laure , Lechopier Nicolas , Reilly Karen T. , Rode Gilles
Published: July 2024

Background

The rapid advancement of technology-focused strategies in neurorehabilitation has brought optimism to individuals with neurological disorders, caregivers, and physicians while reshaping medical practice and training.

Objectives

We critically examine the implications of technology in neurorehabilitation, drawing on discussions from the 2021 and 2024 World Congress for NeuroRehabilitation. While acknowledging the value of technology, it highlights inherent limitations and ethical concerns, particularly regarding the potential overshadowing of humanistic approaches. The integration of technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, neuromodulation, and brain-computer interfaces enriches neurorehabilitation by offering interdisciplinary solutions. However, ethical considerations arise regarding the balance between compensation for deficits, accessibility of technologies, and their alignment with fundamental principles of care. Additionally, the pitfalls of relying solely on neuroimaging data are discussed, stressing the necessity for a more comprehensive understanding of individual variability and clinical skills in rehabilitation.

Results

From a clinical perspective, the article advocates for realistic solutions that prioritize individual needs, quality of life, and social inclusion over technological allure. It underscores the importance of modesty and honesty in responding to expectations while emphasizing the uniqueness of each individual’s experience. Moreover, it argues for the preservation of human-centric approaches alongside technological advancements, recognizing the invaluable role of clinical observation and human interaction in rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the article calls for a balanced attitude that integrates both scientific and humanistic perspectives in neurorehabilitation. It highlights the symbiotic relationship between the sciences and humanities, advocating for philosophical questioning to guide the ethical implementation of new technologies and foster interdisciplinary dialogue.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Improves Semen Quality in Men Recovered From COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhao Yuanqi , Wan Yangyang , Hu Xuechun , Tong Xianhong , Xu Bo , Jiang Xiaohua , Bai Shun , Cao Cheng
Published: July 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to decrease semen quality in reproductive-age men. Semen quality in vaccinated men after SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. We recruited reproductive-age Chinese men scheduled for COVID-19 vaccination from December 2022 to March 2023. Among 1,639 vaccinated participants, an upward trend was found in sperm concentration ( p < .001), progressive motility ( p < .001), total motility ( p < .001), total motile sperm count (TMSC) ( p < .001), and normal morphology ( p = .01) over time following COVID-19 recovery. Among men with an SARS-CoV-2 infection that lasted less than 30 days, men who received an inactivated vaccine booster had higher sperm progressive ( p = .006) and total motility ( p = .005) as well as TMSC ( p = .008) than those without a booster vaccine, whereas no difference was found in semen parameters among men who received a recombinant protein vaccine. Similarly, an upward trend in semen quality was found among 122 men who provided semen samples before and after COVID-19. Higher risks of asthenozoospermia (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.23, p < .001) and teratozoospermia (OR = 2.09, p = .03) were found among men who had an SARS-CoV-2 infection that lasted less than 30 days than among those without COVID-19. Collectively, after receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, adverse but reversible semen parameters were observed in men recovering from COVID-19 over time. Recombinant protein vaccines and inactivated vaccine boosters should be recommended to all reproductive-age men.
Nonlinear modeling and torsional vibration analysis of heavy-duty vehicle powertrain system during acceleration
Authors: Qu Junlong , Shi Wenku , Chen Zhiyong , Yuan Renfei , Liu Jian , Zhao Yanyan , Guo Niancheng
Published: July 2024

The vehicle acceleration process is often accompanied by torsional vibration of the powertrain system. Poor torsional vibration performance significantly influences the driving comfort of the vehicle and the reliability of powertrain components. Compared to passenger cars, commercial vehicles, especially the heavy-duty truck, exhibit more complicated vibration behaviors during acceleration due to the multiple power branches, various gears, and different working conditions. This article presents systematic research on the modeling method, vibration characteristics, mechanism, and influence factors of the torsional resonance of the heavy-duty vehicle during acceleration. A 16-DOF powertrain model considering multiple nonlinearities of the system is proposed and experimentally validated reliable. Numerical and experimental studies are carried out to investigate the vibration characteristics and mechanism of the heavy-duty vehicle powertrain, and the modal energies and parameter influences are also discussed. Besides, an optimization example is presented to analyze the potential vibration attenuation performance of optimizing the clutch parameters. The results indicate that the overall powertrain mode of the heavy-duty vehicle tends to be aroused by the engine firing frequency during accelerating, inducing violent speed fluctuations of the powertrain components between the clutch and half-shafts. The clutch parameters have significant impacts on the powertrain resonance, and the vibration amplitude of the powertrain system can be effectively attenuated to acceptable levels by optimally designing the clutch parameters.
Prevalence and risk factors of pelvic organ prolapse among women in Sidama region, Ethiopia: A community-based survey
Authors: Siyoum Melese , Nardos Rahel , Teklesilasie Wondwosen , Astatkie Ayalew
Published: July 2024

Background:

Pelvic organ prolapse is a descent of the vaginal compartments and the surrounding organ due to loss of support of the vaginal tissue. It has a significant psychological, physical, and social impact that affects women’s quality of life. However, its true prevalence is unknown due to the variability in the methods used to diagnose the disorder.

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse and its associated risk factors among women in Sidama region, Ethiopia.

Study design:

A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Dale–Wonsho Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Sidama region, from March to October 2023.

Methods:

A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to select a sample of 816 women. Anatomical prolapse was diagnosed based on the standardized pelvic organ prolapse quantification method, and symptomatic prolapse was assessed by patient-reported symptoms. A complex survey-based modified Poisson regression was used to assess the risk factors associated with prolapse.

Results:

A total of 815 participated in the interview, and 779 (95.6%) underwent pelvic examination to assess for prolapse status. Anatomical prolapse (Stages II–IV) was observed in 241 (30.9%; 95% confidence interval = 24–38.7) of the participants. The prevalence of symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse was 78.5% (95% confidence interval = 69.1–85.7) among women with anatomical prolapse (189/241). This prevalence falls to 24.27% (95% confidence interval = 19.98–29.16) for the total sample population. Higher frequency of childbirth, prolonged heavy lifting activities, and prolonged labor increased the likelihood of developing anatomical prolapse. Childbirth at an early age and prolonged heavy lifting activities were significantly associated with symptomatic prolapse.

Conclusion:

Anatomical prolapse and symptomatic prolapse are high in the study area. Parity, prolonged heavy lifting, prolonged labor, and early age childbirth were associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Community-based education and interventions that focus on the modification of risk factors are needed.
A novel low-cost bearing fault diagnosis method based on convolutional neural network with full stage optimization in strong noise environment
Authors: Jiang Li , Yu Zhipeng , Zhuang Kejia , Li Yibing
Published: July 2024

In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN) has been successfully applied in the field of bearing fault diagnosis. So as to improve the diagnosis performance in harsh environment with strong noise, the structure of CNN-based feature extractor becomes deeper and more complex. However, with the increase of depth, the model may lose shallow features and the training parameters will surge. Moreover, if the sample size is not large, it tends to over fit. It deviates from the concept of network lightweight. On the other hand, little attention will be paid to the optimization of model classifiers which can significantly improve the classification performance. Therefore, we proposed a CNN with full stage optimization (FSOCNN) model for bearing fault diagnosis in strong noise environment. In the feature extraction stage, the model is optimized with a novel multi-feature output structure connected with global average pooling to improve the feature extraction ability without any extra trainable parameters. In the classification stage, the traditional softmax layer will only participate in the parameter optimization of CNN model through gradient descent algorithm, and the diagnosis results will be output by support vector machine. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the two bearing datasets under different levels of noise. Compared with the existing five fault diagnosis models, the results prove that the proposed method possesses higher accuracy, less computing time, and better stability.
The term “abnormal psychology” cues mental illness stigma: A study in China
Authors: Ge Xiaoyu
Published: July 2024

The usage of the term “abnormal psychology” has been criticized for being pejorative, which may encourage mental illness stigma and impede seeking help. Although researchers generally endorse the advocacy of dignity-respecting terminology, “abnormal psychology” is still widely used due to the trade-off between the cost of making changes and the potential harm of keeping it. However, the risk of keeping the term has rarely been tested, leaving room for the mind of wishing a fluke that this inaccurate term may lead to few real-world consequences; this belief is challenged by this article. Five experiments were conducted in China ( N = 1,283) to test the hypothesis that the term “abnormal psychology” encourages mental illness stigma through the mediation of moral attribution, reducing help-seeking intentions. Results revealed that, despite the identical detailed descriptions of mental illnesses, labeling mental illnesses as “abnormal psychology” (versus “psychopathology”; i.e., 变态心理学 versus 心理病理学) leads to a stronger emphasis on moral causes when explaining etiology and thus to more stigmatizing attitudes (Studies 1A, 1B, and 2). For external validity, the participants freely expressed their impressions and attributions (Study 3). Those cued by “abnormal psychology” were likelier to infer that people experiencing mental illness had twisted, inhibited, narrow-minded, dark, violent, antisocial, and split traits, as well as problematic values/morality. In an imaginary scenario (Study 4), “abnormal psychology” reduced the intention of seeking professional help through the serial mediation of moral attribution and self-stigma. A subtle difference in language can considerably affect people's attitudes and intentions, which suggests reconsideration of the terminology.
Investigating Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Zuo Jin Pill in Ulcerative Colitis: A Combined Approach of Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Wu Lihong , Zhan Chuanyu , Xiao Zenghua , Ge Wei , Liao Wu , Zhang Leichang
Published: July 2024

Objective: The Zuo Jin pill (ZJP), a classic formula for treating gastrointestinal diseases, has demonstrated good efficacy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of action of ZJP in UC through network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods: Bioactive compounds and targets of ZJP, along with UC-related targets, were retrieved from public databases. The intersecting targets of ZJP and UC were visualized using a Venn diagram. Protein–protein interactions and complex target networks were established using Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to enrich the biological functions and pathways of potential targets and to establish a biological process-target-pathway network. Relevant pathways were screened based on literature review and node size, and the interactions between ZJP and UC as well as hub target proteins were verified through animal experiments. Results: The findings suggested that STAT3, AKT1, EGFR, PIK3R1, and various cancer pathways exhibited potential as pivotal targets and biological processes contributing to the therapeutic efficacy of ZJP in UC. These targets were intricately associated with molecular functions, drug response, protein autophosphorylation, and protein kinase binding. Subsequent experimental intervention using ZJP on dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC mice revealed that its mode of action may involve inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, mitigating intestinal mucosal inflammation, and modulating apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. Conclusions: The findings suggested that STAT3, AKT1, EGFR, PIK3R1, and various cancer pathways exhibited potential as pivotal targets and biological processes contributing to the therapeutic efficacy of ZJP in UC. These targets were associated with drug response, protein autophosphorylation, and protein kinase binding. Further experiments revealed that its mode of action may involve inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, mitigating intestinal mucosal inflammation, and modulating apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells.
Possible cannabinoid-induced lactic acidosis requiring emergent dialysis
Authors: Cummins Marcus H , Croft Brandon J
Published: July 2024

Lactic acidosis is a common finding in the intensive care unit and is associated with increased mortality. We present the case of a 42-year-old male with alcohol use disorder and cirrhosis who developed sudden onset shortness of breath while smoking marijuana. He was found to have a lactic acid level of 25.6 mmol/L with a significant anion gap metabolic acidosis requiring emergent dialysis. He was hypertensive without evidence of tissue hypoperfusion. His profound type B lactic acidosis was primarily attributed to a rare manifestation of cannabinoid toxicity. At a clinic visit 3 months later, he was doing well and had not smoked marijuana since his discharge.
A child with sickle cell disease admitted with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and acute chest syndrome in pediatric intensive care unit: A case report
Authors: Raza Mohammad , Alshehri Saleh Saad , Pasha Mohsina Reshma
Published: July 2024

Management of sickle cell disease complications in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is complicated with little published pediatric data. We report the first documented case of a 9-year-old boy with sickle cell disease, presenting with fever, cough, and shortness of breath, diagnosed to have acute chest syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia with inflammatory storm requiring ventilation, exchange blood transfusion, immunomodulatory agents, and prophylactic anticoagulation. The patient responded satisfactorily to the management of the acute illness and was found to be well at the next visit to the pediatric hematology outpatient department following hospital discharge.
A novel case report of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis-associated USP53 genetic mutation in a Pakistani girl
Authors: Kamran Tafiya Erum , Faisal Seyreen , Khalid Rimsha , Haider Zaira , Inam Rida , Siddiqui Yusra , Iqbal Munir , Khan Sabeen Abid
Published: July 2024

Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis is an autosomal recessive disorder presenting with intermittent episodes of cholestatic jaundice. The initial episode of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis tends to occur within the first two decades of a patient’s life. Episodes can occur unprompted but can often be precipitated by infections or pregnancy. We report an interesting case of a 13-year-old girl presented with recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. The patient has a unique homozygous USP53 genetic mutation, the first patient to present with this mutation within the South Asian region. The patient was initially misdiagnosed as a case of autoimmune hepatitis, and when presenting to our set-up was diagnosed as a case of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. The patient has since been managed on medication and remains regular in follow-up, responding well to treatment.
Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates Admitted to a Low-Resource Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Chishala Mavis , Machona-Muyunda Sylvia , Mwaba Chisambo
Published: July 2024

Background:

Neonatal acute kidney injury (nAKI) has been reported to be common among neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and is associated with increased mortality and prolonged duration of hospital stay. However, data on this entity from sub-Saharan Africa are scanty.

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the burden, risk factors, and short-term outcomes of nAKI in neonates admitted to a low-resource NICU in Zambia.

Design:

The design of the study is a prospective cohort study.

Setting:

The setting of this study was the NICU at the Women and Newborn Hospital of the University Teaching Hospitals (WNBH-UTHs).

Patients:

In total, 322 neonates who were admitted to the NICU between November 2021 and December 2022.

Methods:

A serum creatinine was determined on all patients at admission (within 24 hours), at 72 hours and day 7. The modified neonatal Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) Criteria were used to define nAKI. Data were extracted using a predesigned form and analyzed using SPSS. A P-value less than .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The prevalence of nAKI was 13.7% (44/322). On multivariable regression analysis, antepartum hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.62-19.13], P = .007), vomiting in the neonate (AOR 5.76; 95% CI: [1.10-30.32], P = .04), history of use of unit second-line antibiotics, meropenem (AOR 4.37; 95% CI: [1.97-9.69], P < .001), and ciprofloxacin (AOR 4.53; 95% CI: [1.22-16.84], P = .02) were associated with increased risk of nAKI. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was significantly associated with longer length of hospital stay and higher mortality ( P < .05).

Limitations:

The study did not use the urine output criteria to define nAKI and this may have led to an underestimation of nAKI prevalence. Additionally, kidney, ureter, and bladder ultrasound was not performed on any of the study participants.

Conclusion:

AKI is common in neonates admitted to the NICU at WNBH-UTHs, and it is associated with a higher risk of mortality and prolonged length of hospital stay. Further studies among the various NICU sub-populations are needed to better characterize risks and outcomes.
Does Early Elementary Dual Language Instruction Deliver as Promised?
Authors: Palacios Natalia , Bohlmann Natalie L. , Bell Bethany A. , Oh Min Hyun , Yue Yitong
Published: July 2024

Utilizing Utah state data, the aim of this study is to examine the association between language program types programs (dual language programs [DLI], sheltered instruction [SEI], and English as a second language [ESL]) since first grade and third-grade basic literacy skills of Spanish-speaking English learners (ELs) in the United States. We employ propensity score matching (PSM) to generate matched samples using child and family factors known to be associated with children’s early literacy: child sex, immigrant status, unhoused status, special education status, child met Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) benchmark at start of first grade, as well as family income and parental language (DLI & ESL, n = 380; DLI & SEI, n = 380; SEI & ESL, n = 550). Regression models comparing early literacy outcomes for each matched group indicate small trends, based on effect sizes, in favor of DLI programs when compared to other program types, although differences were not statistically significant. Implications for policy and practice related bilingual education are addressed.
Feeling rules and emotion work in geomorphology fieldwork
Authors: Couper Pauline
Published: July 2024

Geography’s fieldwork culture has been subject to much scrutiny in recent decades. With roots in colonial exploration and shaped by Enlightenment ideals of reason and rationality, the presence of emotion in physical geography fieldwork has remained invisible, unspoken. This article draws on geomorphologists’ fieldwork stories, accessed via questionnaire and interviews, to provide insight into the emotion work involved in collaborative fieldwork, depicted here through a career/life-course chronology. This in turn enables articulation of the ‘feeling rules’ of geomorphology fieldwork; implicit, unwritten expectations of ‘how to be’ a field geomorphologist. Acknowledging that fieldwork is a positive aspect of the discipline for many, the article provides insight into the ways that the burdens of fieldwork may shift throughout a career and considers the implications for creating more inclusive field environments.
The Utility of 3D-printed Cutting Guides in Genioglossus Advancement
Authors: Kaplan Nicolas , Guillen Brenda , Choudhary Akriti , Purnell Chad A.
Published: July 2024

Genioglossus advancement is a surgical technique performed to treat obstructive sleep apnea. The genial tubercle, where the genioglossus muscle attaches, is not visible during dissection due to its location on the posterior mandible. Computer-aided design, particularly for the production of cutting guides, has arisen as a modern modification in the procedure to support accurate location of the tubercle. This study aims to demonstrate the utility of cutting guides designed by virtual surgical planning in a series of 7 genioglossus advancement cases. Computed Tomography (CT) data were preoperatively collected and rendered in three-dimension. The surgeon designed patient-specific cutting guides, registered to the occlusion, to ensure the genial tubercle was included in the osteotomy and stayed below the incisor tooth roots. These surgical guides were then 3D-printed. All the virtual surgical planning-designed guides fit appropriately, the genial tubercle was successfully included in the osteotomy in all cases, and no tooth roots were injured. We conclude that occlusal-based 3D printed cutting guides are a useful adjunct to help guide a genioglossus advancement procedure by accurately incorporating the genial tubercle. This provides a safe way to concurrently address correction of obstructive sleep apnea in patients undergoing other procedures.
A scoping review of out-of-hospital research in Ireland from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Bowles Kelly-Ann , Cummins Niamh M , O’Toole Michelle , Knox Shane , Hemingway Liam , Williams Julia , Uzoukwu Emilia Ozioma , Williams Brett , Batt Alan M
Published: July 2024

A key component to the continued development of any profession is a strong research culture. For paramedicine, a research culture that acknowledges the uniqueness of the out-of-hospital setting allows clinical practice to develop. Recent international publications investigating paramedicine research outputs demonstrated that Ireland was not strongly represented in the production of paramedicine-based research. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and evaluate the quantity and quality of the research published to date in the Irish out-of-hospital literature, and to identify research gaps that may need to be addressed. A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. All studies that reported on out-of-hospital care in the Republic of Ireland were included. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and grey literature sources were searched from 2000 until 2022 for relevant articles in March 2023. Key authors were contacted to identify missing articles and data were extracted to present the final publication yield. Scientific quality was assessed using Clarivate Average Journal Impact Factor Percentiles. Over 3200 research outputs were identified from the databases with a final yield of 294 research outputs included in this review. Research outputs were identified for most years included in the review period, with outputs published in a large range of journals. Research heavily focused on areas linked to the Clinical Practice Guidelines, and predominantly used quantitative data collection methods. Most authors identified in this review were named on only one output. However, diversification in research topics and methodologies, a concerted effort to ensure practitioners are leading research and support to ensure that conference presentations are continued to peer-reviewed publication would strengthen this resolve.
AI for Management and Organization Research: Examples and Reflections from Project Studies
Authors: Geraldi Joana , Locatelli Giorgio , Dei Giacomo , Söderlund Jonas , Clegg Stewart
Published: July 2024

We reflect on AI's implications for management and organization research. Advanced language models like ChatGPT can analyze large datasets and generate human-like text, potentially disrupting academic research and knowledge production. While potentially helpful, the technology evokes concerns about, for example, inaccuracies and accountability, inadvertent plagiarism, and confidentiality breaches. We also reflect on potential systemic consequences such as the erosion of creativity, analytical thinking, and the human voice. Overall, our stance is cautious optimism. We require full disclosure regarding AI's role in research, and advocate for maintaining human oversight and critical engagement with AI to preserve the integrity and originality of academic work.
Retinal primary cilia and their dysfunction in retinal neurodegenerative diseases: beyond ciliopathies
Authors: Liu Xiaonan , Pacwa Anna , Bresciani Giorgia , Swierczynska Marta , Dorecka Mariola , Smedowski Adrian
Published: July 2024

Primary cilia are sensory organelles that extend from the cellular membrane and are found in a wide range of cell types. Cilia possess a plethora of vital components that enable the detection and transmission of several signaling pathways, including Wnt and Shh. In turn, the regulation of ciliogenesis and cilium length is influenced by various factors, including autophagy, organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and signaling inside the cilium. Irregularities in the development, maintenance, and function of this cellular component lead to a range of clinical manifestations known as ciliopathies. The majority of people with ciliopathies have a high prevalence of retinal degeneration. The most common theory is that retinal degeneration is primarily caused by functional and developmental problems within retinal photoreceptors. The contribution of other ciliated retinal cell types to retinal degeneration has not been explored to date. In this review, we examine the occurrence of primary cilia in various retinal cell types and their significance in pathology. Additionally, we explore potential therapeutic approaches targeting ciliopathies. By engaging in this endeavor, we present new ideas that elucidate innovative concepts for the future investigation and treatment of retinal ciliopathies.
Detection and evaluation of parameters influencing the identification of heterozygous-enriched regions in Holstein cattle based on SNP chip or whole-genome sequence data
Authors: Mulim Henrique A. , Pedrosa Victor B. , Pinto Luis Fernando Batista , Tiezzi Francesco , Maltecca Christian , Schenkel Flavio S. , Brito Luiz F.
Published: July 2024

Background

A heterozygous-enriched region (HER) is a genomic region with high variability generated by factors such as balancing selection, introgression, and admixture processes. In this study, we evaluated the genomic background of HERs and the impact of different parameters (i.e., minimum number of SNPs in a HER, maximum distance between two consecutive SNPs, minimum length of a HER, maximum number of homozygous allowed in a HER) and scenarios [i.e., different SNP panel densities and whole-genome sequence (WGS)] on the detection of HERs. We also compared HERs characterized in Holstein cattle with those identified in Angus, Jersey, and Norwegian Red cattle using WGS data.

Results

The parameters used for the identification of HERs significantly impact their detection. The maximum distance between two consecutive SNPs did not impact HERs detection as the same average of HERs (269.31 ± 787.00) was observed across scenarios. However, the minimum number of markers, maximum homozygous markers allowed inside a HER, and the minimum length size impacted HERs detection. For the minimum length size, the 10 Kb scenario showed the highest average number of HERs (1,364.69 ± 1,483.64). The number of HERs decreased as the minimum number of markers increased (621.31 ± 1,271.83 to 6.08 ± 21.94), and an opposite pattern was observed for the maximum homozygous markers allowed inside a HER (54.47 ± 195.51 to 494.89 ± 1,169.35). Forty-five HER islands located in 23 chromosomes with high Tajima’s D values and differential among the observed and estimated heterozygosity were detected in all evaluated scenarios, indicating their ability to potentially detect regions under balancing selection. In total, 3,440 markers and 28 genes previously related to fertility (e.g., TP63, ZSCAN23, NEK5, ARHGAP44), immunity (e.g., TP63, IGC, ARHGAP44), residual feed intake (e.g., MAYO9A), stress sensitivity (e.g., SERPINA6), and milk fat percentage (e.g., NOL4) were identified. When comparing HER islands among breeds, there were substantial overlaps between Holstein with Angus (95.3%), Jersey (94.3%), and Norwegian Red cattle (97.1%), indicating conserved HER across taurine breeds.

Conclusions

The detection of HERs varied according to the parameters used, but some HERs were consistently identified across all scenarios. Heterozygous genotypes observed across generations and breeds appear to be conserved in HERs. The results presented could serve as a guide for defining HERs detection parameters and further investigating their biological roles in future studies.
Variations in photoperiods and their impact on yield, photosynthesis and secondary metabolite production in basil microgreens
Authors: Fayezizadeh Mohammad Reza , Ansari Naser Alemzadeh , Sourestani Mohammad Mahmoodi , Hasanuzzaman Mirza
Published: July 2024

Background

The effects of different photoperiods on plant phytochemical synthesis can be improved by adjusting the daily light integral. Photoperiod is one of the most important environmental factors that control growth, plant’s internal rhythm and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Information about the appropriate standard in terms of photoperiod for growing basil microgreens as one of the most important medicinal plants is limited. In this study, the effects of five different photoperiods, 6 (6 h × 3 cycles), 8 (8 h × 2 cycles), 16, 18, and 24 h day− 1 on the yield, photosynthesis and synthesis of secondary metabolites of three cultivars and one genotype of basil microgreens in floating system were evaluated. The purpose of this research was to determine the feasibility of using permanent light in growing basil microgreens and to create the best balance between beneficial secondary metabolites and performance.

Results

The results showed that the effects of photoperiod and cultivar on all investigated traits and their interaction on photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, proline content and net photosynthesis rate were significantly different at the 1% level. The highest levels of vitamin C, flavonoids, anthocyanins, yield and antioxidant potential composite index (APCI) were obtained under the 24-h photoperiod. The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained for the Kapoor cultivar, and the highest total phenolic compound and proline contents were measured for the Ablagh genotype under a 24-h photoperiod. The highest yield (4.36 kg m− 2) and APCI (70.44) were obtained for the Ablagh genotype. The highest nitrate content was obtained with a photoperiod of 18 h for the Kapoor cultivar. The highest net photosynthesis rate was related to the Violeto cultivar under a 24-hour photoperiod (7.89 μmol CO2 m− 2 s− 1). Antioxidant capacity and flavonoids had a positive correlation with phenolic compounds and vitamin C. Yield had a positive correlation with antioxidant capacity, flavonoids, vitamin C, APCI, and proline.

Conclusions

Under continuous light conditions, basil microgreens resistance to light stress by increasing the synthesis of secondary metabolites and the increase of these biochemical compounds made basil microgreens increase their performance along with the increase of these health-promoting compounds. The best balance between antioxidant compounds and performance was achieved in continuous red + blue light. Based on these results, the use of continuous artificial LED lighting, due to the increase in plant biochemical with antioxidant properties and yield, can be a suitable strategy for growing basil microgreens in floating systems.