bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Gehalt an Gallus-und Protocatechusäure in Abhängigkeit vom Entwicklungszustand von Phycomyces blakesleeanus Bgff. / Gallic and Protocatechuic Acid Content during the Development of Phycomyces bla­kesleeanus Bgff.
Authors: Sandmann Gerhard , Hilgenberg Willy
Published: May 2015

A quantitative determination method of gallic and protocatechuic acid in cultures and liquid nutrient of Phycomyces blakesleeanus was described. Both phenolic acids were separated by TLC and the colour reaction with Folin reagent was used for a colorimetric test. This procedure was employed for investigating the formation of gallic and protocatechuic acid in cultures with optimal (10-4 m) and reduced (1.3 × 10-6 ᴍ) zinc supply showing that their production is stimulated by zinc ions.

In addition, the inhibiting effect of light on the accumulation of gallic acid was manifested, however, its excretion into the medium was uneffected by light and protocatechuic acid was not excreted at all. During the development of Phycomyces gallic and protocatechuic acid could be detected in two days old mycelium . With the sporangiophore production both acids are accumulated more rapidly in the sporangiophores. After the end of sporangiophore formation the gallic acid content increases only slightly. In contrast the total content of protocatechuic acid decreases sharply. As no excretion occurs a degradation of at least protocatechuic acid must be taken into consideration.
On the DNA Content of the Bacteroids of Rhizobium japonicum
Authors: Wilcockson John , Werner Dietrich
Published: May 2015

The DNA content of bacteroids from large nodules of soybean plants infected with Rhizobium japonicum strain 61 -A -101 was found to be 1.20 × 10-14 g per cell. Bacteroids from smaller nodules had slightly less DNA as did the stationary phase, free-living cells; both giving a value of 0.92 × 10-14 g per cell. In comparing these data with those of other workers it was found that there is little evidence to support suggestions that bacteroids possess anything less than a full genetic complement of DNA and that some misinterpretation of older published data has occurred.
T2 Phage Sensitization by Linear and Angular Furocoumarins
Authors: Baccichetti F. , Bordin F. , Carlassare F. , Guiotto A.
Published: May 2015

T2 bacteriophage sensitization has been studied using two furocoumarins capable of linking co­valently to DNA to the same extent but producing different damages, psoralen and 4,5′-dimethylangelicin. Psoralen is a well-known linear furocoumarin capable of inducing in DNA both mono-adducts and cross-links; 4,5′-dimethylangelicin is a new angular compound known as a pure mo­nofunctional reagent. In the sensitization of T2 mature virions both drugs proved very active, yielding survival curves practically superimposable; on the contrary, in the experiments with the T2 veg­etative form, i. e. its DNA inside the host, 4,5′-dimethylangelicin resulted much less effective, resembling the picture observed in the inactivation of the host bacteria. This result did not appear related to an enhancement of DNA repair by a Weigle effect. The different killing activity of 4,5′-dimethylangelicin can be explained supposing that this drug is capable of inducing cross-links in T2 DNA inside the virus core, in which it exists in a very folded form, but not in the same DNA after injection into the host bacteria.
The Effect of Analogues of Dibromothymoquinone and of Bromonitrothymol on Photosynthetic Electron Flow
Authors: Trebst A. , Reimer S. , Draber W. , Knops H. J.
Published: May 2015

Alkyl substituted derivatives of halogenated p-benzoquinones, of halogenated p-nitrophenols, and of 2,4-dinitrophenols were tested in the inhibition of photosynthetic electron flow in chloroplasts. The effect of the compounds on photoreductions by photosystem I or II, on a TMPD bypass in NADPH formation and the reversibility of the inhibition by dithiothreitol is used to distinguish between an inhibition site before or after plastoquinone function, i. e. between a DBMIB versus a DCMU inhibition pattern.

It is shown, that different isopropyl and t-butyl substituted halogenated p-benzoquinones are as effective and specific as DBMIB in the inhibition of plastoquinone function.

Alkyl substituted p-nitrophenols, with an additional halogen-or nitro-group at C-2, are shown to be effective electron flow inhibitors. The new potent nitrophenol derivatives inhibit at the site of DCMU action, nevertheless they do not contain the basic chemical element essential for inhibition common to DCMU and its many herbicidal analogues. Small changes in the ring-substitution can alter the inhibition pattern from a DCMU typ to a DBMIB typ inhibition.
Isolation and Characterization of Vacuoles from Cell Suspension Cultures of Daucus carota
Authors: Sasse Florenz , Backs-Hüsemann Dietlinde , Barz Wolfgang
Published: May 2015

A reliable procedure for the isolation of vacuoles from anthocyanin-containing cells of Daucus carota cell suspension cultures has been developed. From cells of the late linear growth phase, protoplasts were prepared and purified in a sucrose/sorbitol gradient. Vacuoles were liberated from these protoplasts by osmotic shock and purified in a Metrizamide step gradient. The vacuolecontaining fractions were analysed for their anthocyanin content as a measure for the yield of vacuoles. The purity of vacuoles was examined by assaying various marker enzymes in both protoplasts and vacuoles. The purest vacuolar fraction had 8% of the total activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (marker for cytosol), 8% of cytochrome oxidase (mitochondria) and 10% of NADPH -cytochrome c reductase (ER). 55% of the acid phosphatase activity of the protoplasts and 35% of the total malate were recovered in the vacuoles. The vacuolar pool of amino acids is quite large. Data for 15 amino acids show that 44 to 73% are being located in the vacuole.
Protoplasts from Oat Primary Leaves as Tools for Experiments on the Compartmentation in Lipid and Flavonoid Metabolism
Authors: Haas R. , Heinz E. , Popovici G. , Weissenböck G.
Published: May 2015

Mesophyll protoplasts were isolated from defined stages of developing primary leaves of Avena sativa by a simple procedure in high and reproducible yield of about 50%. Rates of photosynthesis were measured by different techniques and turned out to be lower by a factor of 2 - 5 with protoplasts as compared to parent tissues, whereas dark respiration rates were about the same. Stability of protoplasts during storage in suspension medium at room temperature was checked by various methods. In contrast to protoplast numbers and accessibility of soluble enzymes, which suggested reasonable stability, photosynthetic oxygen evolution seems to be a more sensitive criterion. This rate dropped to about 50% of its original value during storage for 3 h. The protoplasts from differ­ent developmental stages did not show significant differences with respect to these various param­eters. Mechanical rupture or chemical destruction of the plasma membrane by filipin resulted in release of chloroplasts, which according to activity profiles of soluble marker enzymes after gra­dient centrifugation were intact. Centrifugation in a vertical rotor separated mitochondria from chloroplasts. Irrespective of the developmental stage of the parent tissue each protoplast contained about 200 chloroplasts. In conjunction with chlorophyll determinations it was calculated that about 2 × 109 chloroplasts account for 1 mg of chlorophyll. Lipid mixtures from leaves, protoplasts and chloroplasts were compared. They did not contain compounds which usually indicate enzy­matic alteration due to destruction of cellular compartmentation. Flavonoid profiles obtained from mesophyll protoplasts deviate significantly from epidermal patterns and prove the occurrence of flavonoids in photosynthetically active m esophyll cells.
A Novel C-Methylated Dihydrochalcone from Pityrogramma triangularis var. viscosa
Authors: Wollenweber Eckhard , Dietz Volker H. , Smith Dale M. , Seigler David S.
Published: May 2015

Pityrogramma triangularis var. viscosa is one of the clear­ly defined varieties within the Pityrogramma triangularis complex. The flavonoid constituents of its frond exudate show a pattern characteristic for this taxon. The major component of the exudate could now be isolated. By spectroscopic methods it has been shown to be 2′,6′,4-trihydroxy,4′-m ethoxy,3′-m ethyl dihydrochalcone, a novel natural compound.
3′-O-M thylmyricetin-3-rhamnoglucosid, ein neues Flavonoid aus dem Herbstlaub von Ginkgo biloba L. / 3′-O-Methylmyricetin-3-rhamnoglucoside a New Flavonoid from the Autumnal Leaf of Ginkgo biloba L.
Authors: Geiger Hans
Published: May 2015

Along with the 3-rutinosides of kaempferole, quercetine, and isorhamnetine has been isolated from the autumnal leaf of Ginkgo biloba L. the hitherto unknown 3′-O-methylmyricetin-3-rhamnoglucoside; its structure is prooved.
The Primary Structure of the β-Lactoglobulin of the Waterbuffalo (Bubalus arnee)
Authors: Braunitzer Gerhard , Liberatori Jone , Kolde Hans-Jürgen
Published: May 2015

The complete amino acid sequence of the β-lactoglobuline of the waterbuffalo (Bubalus arnee) was established. The sequence of peptides obtained by cleavage with BNPS-Skatole, CNBr and trypsin were determined automatically by the help of the sequenator. Only two differences were found in the β-lactoglobulin of the waterbuffalo compared with the bovine β-lactoglobulin B.
Antiviral and antitumor activities of the lectin extracted from Aspidistra elatior
Authors: Xu Xiao-Chao , Zhang Zhong-Wei , Chen Yang-Er , Yuan Ming , Yuan Shu , Bao Jin-ku
Published: May 2015

Lectins, a group of highly diverse proteins of non-immune origin and are ubiquitously distributed in plants, animals and fungi, have multiple significant biological functions, such as anti-fungal, anti-viral and, most notably, anti-tumor activities. A lectin was purified from the rhizomes of Aspidistra elatior Blume, named A. elatior lectin (AEL). In vitro experiments showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of AEL against the vesicular stomatitis virus, Coxsackie virus B4, and respiratory syncytial virus were all the same at about 4 μg/mL. However, AEL was ineffective against the Sindbis virus and reovirus-1. AEL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activity towards Bre-04, Lu-04, HepG2, and Pro-01 tumor cell lines by increasing the proportion of their sub-G1 phase. However, AEL failed to restrict the proliferation of the HeLa cell line. Western blotting indicated that AEL induced the upregulation of cell cycle-related proteins p53 and p21. The molecular basis and species-specific effectiveness of the anti-proliferative and anti-viral potential of AEL are discussed.
Combined Autodock and comparative molecular field analysis study on predicting 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of flavonoids isolated from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn
Authors: Jiang Shiyun , Huang Kai , Liu Wen , Fu Fengming , Xu Jie
Published: May 2015

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) plays a key role in the pathway of leukotriene biosynthesis. To predict the inhibitory activity of flavonoid inhibitors against 5-LOX from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, Autodock 4.2 and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) were employed. For the positive inhibitors (n=7), the value of the coefficient of determination (R
2) between the binding free energy, calculated using Autodock 4.2, and the experimental pIC50 is 0.838. In the training set (n=21) of inhibitors against 5-LOX, the R
2 of non-cross-validated partial least squares analysis between the actual and predicted pIC50 values, using the no-validation with the optimum number of components set to 6, is 0.997 (p=0.000). For the model generated by CoMFA, the contribution of electrostatic and steric factors are 0.522 and 0.478, respectively. Among the flavonoids of S. suberectus, liquiritigenin, catechin, butin, 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone, plathymenin, and gallocatechin are the more potent inhibitors of 5-LOX based on the calculated binding free energy and the predicted pIC50 value.
Disney e os contos de fadas: historia dun secuestro
Authors: Míguez López María
Published: May 2015

A historia do estudio Walt Disney Pictures non sería a mesma sen as adaptacións literarias. Dos cincuenta e catro filmes considerados “clásicos Disney”, corenta e catro parten dunha base escrita que a compañía versionou. E dentro destas adaptacións, especial importancia teñen os contos de fadas. Ao longo do tempo, a empresa viviu catro etapas particularmente brillantes: a finais dos anos trinta, a década dos cincuenta, o último decenio do século XX e o momento presente. Todas elas se iniciaron, sen excepción, levando á pantalla grande un conto protagonizado polas que pasaron a converterse en princesas disneysianas. O éxito destas películas foi tal que devoraron as versións anteriores -moitas delas mundialmente coñecidas- e as que prevalecen na actualidade son as que o estudio contou. ¿E como son esas versións? Edulcoradas, dulcificadas, simplistas e americanizadas son algúns dos adxectivos que os críticos empregan para definilas. Blancanieves, Pinocho, Bambi, Cenicienta e La bella durmiente son exemplos nos que podemos atopar estas características.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/elos.2.2379
Accuracy of Predicted Genomic Breeding Values in Purebred and Crossbred Pigs
Authors: Hidalgo André M , Bastiaansen John W M , Lopes Marcos S , Harlizius Barbara , Groenen Martien A M , de Koning Dirk-Jan
Published: May 2015

Genomic selection has been widely implemented in dairy cattle breeding when the aim is to improve performance of purebred animals. In pigs, however, the final product is a crossbred animal. This may affect the efficiency of methods that are currently implemented for dairy cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of predicted breeding values in crossbred pigs using purebred genomic and phenotypic data. A second objective was to compare the predictive ability of SNPs when training is done in either single or multiple populations for four traits: age at first insemination (AFI); total number of piglets born (TNB); litter birth weight (LBW); and litter variation (LVR). We performed marker-based and pedigree-based predictions. Within-population predictions for the four traits ranged from 0.21 to 0.72. Multi-population prediction yielded accuracies ranging from 0.18 to 0.67. Predictions across purebred populations as well as predicting genetic merit of crossbreds from their purebred parental lines for AFI performed poorly (not significantly different from zero). In contrast, accuracies of across-population predictions and accuracies of purebred to crossbred predictions for LBW and LVR ranged from 0.08 to 0.31 and 0.11 to 0.31, respectively. Accuracy for TNB was zero for across-population prediction, whereas for purebred to crossbred prediction it ranged from 0.08 to 0.22. In general, marker-based outperformed pedigree-based prediction across populations and traits. However, in some cases pedigree-based prediction performed similarly or outperformed marker-based prediction. There was predictive ability when purebred populations were used to predict crossbred genetic merit using an additive model in the populations studied. AFI was the only exception, indicating that predictive ability depends largely on the genetic correlation between PB and CB performance, which was 0.31 for AFI. Multi-population prediction was no better than within-population prediction for the purebred validation set. Accuracy of prediction was very trait-dependent.
Dual Color Neural Activation and Behavior Control with Chrimson and CoChR in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Schild Lisa C , Glauser Dominique A
Published: May 2015

By enabling a tight control of cell excitation, optogenetics is a powerful approach to study the function of neurons and neural circuits. With its transparent body, a fully mapped nervous system, easily quantifiable behaviors and many available genetic tools, Caenorhabditis elegans is an extremely well-suited model to decipher the functioning logic of the nervous system with optogenetics. Our goal was to establish an efficient dual color optogenetic system for the independent excitation of different neurons in C. elegans. We combined two recently discovered channelrhodopsins: the red-light sensitive Chrimson from Chlamydomonas noctigama and the blue-light sensitive CoChR from Chloromonas oogama. Codon-optimized versions of Chrimson and CoChR were designed for C. elegans and expressed in different mechanosensory neurons. Freely moving animals produced robust behavioral responses to light stimuli of specific wavelengths. Since CoChR was five times more sensitive to blue light than the commonly used ChR2, we were able to use low blue light intensities producing no cross-activation of Chrimson. Thanks to these optogenetics tools, we revealed asymmetric cross-habituation effects between the gentle and harsh touch sensory motor pathways. Collectively, our results establish the Chrimson/CoChR pair as a potent tool for bimodal neural excitation in C. elegans and equip this genetic model organism for the next generation of in vivo optogenetic analyses.
Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de suplementação de vitamina E
Authors: Pompeu M.A. , Baião N.C. , Lara L.J.C. , Rocha J.S.R. , Cardeal P.C. , Baião R.C. , Pereira L.F.P. , Teixeira M.P.F. , Barbosa V.M. , Cunha C.E.
Published: May 2015

Objetivou-se a avaliação dos efeitos dos níveis de suplementação de vitamina E na ração para frangos de corte sobre o desempenho na fase inicial (um a 21 dias de idade) e de crescimento (21 a 39 dias de idade). Os tratamentos foram definidos pelos níveis de suplementação de vitamina E (DL-α tocoferol). As quantidades adicionadas às rações foram: 10; 30; 50; 75 e 100mg de vitamina E para cada kg de ração. Na fase inicial (experimento I), o menor nível de suplementação de vitamina E mostrou-se superior aos demais, apresentando efeito significativo (P≤0,05) sobre o peso médio aos 21 dias de idade e ganho de peso de um a 21 dias de idade. Na fase de crescimento (experimento II), não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) dos níveis de suplementação de vitamina E sobre as variáveis estudadas. O nível mínimo de suplementação de vitamina E testado (10mg/kg) é suficiente para atender às exigências dos frangos de corte machos sobre o desempenho.
Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine in the cartilage and subchondral bone repair of dogs - Histological findings
Authors: Eleotério R.B. , Pontes K.C.S. , Machado J.P. , Reis E.C.C. , Ferreira P.S. , Silva M.B. , Martins N.J.S. , Fernandes N.A. , Borges A.P.B.
Published: May 2015

Chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate nutraceuticals are commonly used in the management of degenerative articular disease in veterinary routine. However, there are controversies on the contribution of these substances to articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate-based veterinary nutraceutical on the repair of an induced osteochondral defect in a dog femoral condyle, by macroscopic, histological and histomorphometric analyses. The nutraceutical was orally administered the day following injury induction, every 24 hours (treated group, TG, n=24), compared with animals that did not receive the product (control group, CG, n=24). Six animals per group were anaesthetized for sample collection at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery. At 15 days, defects were macroscopically filled with red-pinkish tissue. After 30 days, whitish color tissue was observed, both in TG and CG animals, with firmer consistency to touch at 60 and 90 postoperative days. Histological analysis demonstrated that, in both groups, there was initial blood clot formation, which was subsequently substituted by a fibrin net, with capillary proliferation from the adjacent bone marrow and infiltration of mesenchymal cells in clot periphery. As cellular differentiation developed, repair tissue presented a fibrocartilage aspect most of the time, and new subchondral bone formation occurred in the deepest area corresponding to the defect. Histomorphometry suggested that the nutraceutical did not favor the articular cartilage repair process. It was concluded that nutraceutical did not significantly influence chondrocytes proliferation or hyaline architecture restoration.
Seminars in the process of studying the discipline «Organization and methods of improving physical culture»
Authors: Марченко С. І.
Published: May 2015

The purpose of research — to develop a program of seminars course «Organization and methods of improving physical training» for the educational qualification of 6.01020101 — bachelor. Methods of research — the study of literature, software and normative documents, theoretical analysis and synthesis of the literature data, a systematic approach.The main results of the study. The concept of classes of the course «Organization and methods of Physical Culture» is in the system presenting the material, which allows to form students’ knowledge, skills and practical skills necessary physical education teachers to organize and conduct various forms of fitness training.
Features functional, coordination and power training boys 8—9 grades
Authors: Іващенко О. В. , Худолій О. М.
Published: May 2015

Purpose — to determine patterns of functional and motor preparedness Junior classes.Material and methods. To achieve the objectives adopted the following methods: analysis of scientific literature, teacher testing and treatment methods of mathematical statistics research results. In the study involved 17 boys 8th grade, 9th grade 17 boys.Conclusions. Statistically significant differences between students of classes 8 and 9 are observed in the sample Schtange. Students in grade 9 to 11.69 s performed better than Grade 8 students (p < 0,04). For the functional state of the respiratory and circulatory students of classes 8 and 9 are rated as healthy untrained.Statistically significant differences between students of classes 8 and 9 are observed in test 8 "Height in folded hands" and test 9 "Long jump from place" (p < 0,001; p < 0,002 respectively). Students in grade 9 to 19.69 s performed better than students in the 8th grade test 8 "Height in folded hands» (p < 0,001) and 18.44 inches in test 9 "Long jump from place» (p < 0,002) . According to the results of other tests differences between mean values not statistically significant (p > 0,05).On 8 and 9 pupils most informative class (20.155%, 21.987%) has functional preparedness respiratory and cardiovascular systems.In the factorial structure takes priority functional coordination and strength training of boys 8—9 grades.
“Other Than a Thank-You, There's Nothing I Can Give”: Managing Health and Illness among Working-Class Pensioners in Post-Socialist Moldavia, Romania
Authors: Weber Gerard A.
Published: May 2015

This article examines chronic stress among impoverished, working-class retirees in post-socialist Romania. The central argument is that stress has become endemic among older people as a result of the transformation from socialism to neoliberal capitalism beginning in 1989. One chief source of stress is managing health and illness within the underfunded public health care system. Pensioners become stressed because of their inability to pay for medical services, pressure they place on indigent kin to help them with health care expenses, concern they will not be treated well even in emergency situations, and other reasons. The article argues in conclusion that policy changes are needed to lessen the potential risk stress poses to public health.
Immigrant et témoin : figure de la diversité culturelle à l’ONF
Authors: Barada Nina
Published: May 2015

RésuméLe site internet de l’ONF D’une culture à l’autre, devant documenter la diversité culturelle canadienne, est ici examiné par le biais de la figure de l’immigrant, telle que représentée dans les textes et les films du site. Il apparaît que cette figure est aussi celle du témoin, à travers la valorisation du témoignage des immigrants dans les discours et les films de la diversité culturelle. La fonction de cette mise en valeur est questionnée dans le rapport qu’elle entretient aux politiques mémorielles et multiculturelles canadiennes. Abstract This article considers the NFB website Across Cultures—a site that documents Canada’s cultural diversity—from the perspective of “the immigrant” as characterized in the website’s texts and films. Part of this characterization places “the immigrant” in the role of “the witness,” as can be seen through the emphasis placed on immigrant testimonies in the films and discourses on cultural diversity. The article questions the goal of this emphasis in relation to Canadian memory and multicultural policies.
Medical and sanitary unit of ISC «Tatneft» and the city of Almetyevsk developmental milestones
Authors: Zakirzyanov M Kh , Rizatdinov L K , Yagafarov I R
Published: May 2015

Since the beginning of oil industry rapid development in our region in 1952-1957, oil industry specialists from many republics of the Soviet Union arrived. So, a problem of providing the health care services for oil industry workers aroused. Ten prefabricated panel buildings for the district hospital were built in a short time. In 1955, the city had 60 doctors and 172 nurses, 400 beds were available in hospitals. In 2002, medical and diagnostic building was built and set to work, in 2005 office building was renovated, a new surgical building of 7 floors was built in 2007. Since 2008, the medical unit has the status of a regional medical diagnostic center for the residents of the south-east of the Republic of Tatarstan. The effectiveness of the Medical and sanitary unit of JSC «Tatneft» and the city of Almetyevsk is confirmed by the annual increase in the number of treated patients, a decrease in the incidence of temporary disability among industrial workers, increased number of diagnostic manipulations and surgeries. History of the medical unit is intimately linked with the activity of JSC «Tatneft». In a historically short period of 60 years a district hospital of 10 shanty houses has turned into a largest modern medical and diagnostic center in the southeast of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Six-year results of the regional medical center department of cardiac surgery
Authors: Sibagatullin N G , Zakirzyanov M Kh , Yagafarov I R , Zakirov I R , Tenin E V , Khatypov M G , Ishmuratova Z Sh , Faskhutdinov N G
Published: May 2015

Aim. To summarize the experience of the first years of activity in the department of cardiac surgery of the regional medical center.Methods. 5549 patients with cardiovascular diseases were treated from December 2008 to December 2014, including 3041 patients who underwent surgeries, among them - 1585 vascular interventions, 1128 hearts surgeries. The study included patients operated on the heart and aortic arch, 238 of them had surgeries in 2014 [854 male (75.7%), 274 female (24.3%), aged 22 to 81 years (57.8±8.9)].Results. Number of performed surgeries was assessed to find out whether it matches with the population needs. For coronary heart disease, 880 patients underwent surgeries, 10 were operated for coronary heart disease complications, 132 - for heart valve disease, 16 - for congenital heart disease, 56 - for combined heart disease, 18 - for aortic aneurysms, 16 - for cardiac tumors, 3 for pulmonary embolism and aortic dissection (type 1). The number of heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass in recalculation per 1 million inhabitants in 2014 was 317. Thanks to the active work of the regional medical-diagnostic center, significant progress was made in timely identification and providing specialized care to patients with cardiovascular diseases to meet the population needs in high-tech medical care in the region.Conclusion. Evaluation of the study results reveals that the introduction of cardiac surgeries for cardiovascular diseases in the regional center promotes approximation of high-tech medical care to the population of remote regions, improves the quality of treatment in patients with cardiovascular conditions.
Creating an arteriovenous fistula in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5
Authors: Zakieva I V , Timerbulatov M V , Galimov T R , Tuysin S R
Published: May 2015

Aim. Comparative assessment of microsurgical and traditional methods for creating an arteriovenous fistula for long-term hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods. Results of arteriovenous fistula surgeries for creating arteriovenous fistula for long-term hemodialysis in 169 patients with chronic renal failure in the period from 2008 to 2013 were analyzed. The main group included 87 patients in whom arteriovenous fistula was formed by microsurgery. For fistula thrombosis prophylaxis, 40 mg of nadroparin calcium (fraxiparine) was used in this group after surgery as a postoperative bolus, followed by 7 days subcutaneous administration. Arteriovenous fistula in patients of the main group underwent anti-thrombogenic treatment: paravasal tissues and vessel outside were irrigated by 1% sodium chloride methylthioninium (methylene blue) after the main phase of the operation, followed by lysine acetylsalicylate standard solution after 2 minutes. The control group included 82 patients in whom fistula was created conventionally without using microsurgical techniques. For arteriovenous fistula thrombosis prevention, 5000 IU of sodium heparin was used 4 times a day in patients of the control group.Results. In the main group, five cases of fistula thrombosis were observed in patients with diabetes mellitus and two in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. In the control group, arteriovenous fistula thrombosis in the early postoperative period was recorded in 13 patients with diabetes mellitus, in four - with chronic glomerulonephritis, and in one - with polycystic kidney disease. In one (1.15%) patient of the main group and in three (3.66%) in the control group, wound infection associated with inflammatory processes development at the surgical wound was noted.Conclusion. Microsurgical formation of arteriovenous fistula in patients with terminal stage of chronic kidney disease is the method of choice (especially with concomitant diabetes mellitus), allowing to significantly reduce the risk for arteriovenous fistula thrombosis and therefore reduce the number of unsatisfactory results.
Regional experience of acute coronary syndrome surgical treatment
Authors: Yagafarov I R , Sibagatullin N G , Zakirov I R , Tenin E V , Ishmuratova Z Sh , Faskhutdinov N G , Sayfullin R R , Bikchantaev A A
Published: May 2015

Aim. To summarize the experience of surgical myocardial revascularization in acute coronary syndrome.Methods. The study included 72 patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in the department of cardiac surgery. All patients were allocated to 3 groups depending on the urgency and the risk of intervention: first group - emergency coronary artery bypass grafting; second group - urgent coronary artery bypass grafting in patients at high risk of adverse events; third group - delayed coronary artery bypass grafting in patients at low risk of adverse events.Results. On-pump coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 2 (25%) patients, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting - in 6 (75%) patients, including 3 patients who were operated using parallel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting technique. Positive clinical results were achieved in all patients. Patients with high risk for adverse events (n=55) underwent surgery in a period of 1 to 10 days from onset of disease (average delay was 4.3±2.6 days). Surgeries using extracorporeal circulation were performed in 39 (71%), including off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting - in 16 (29%), of whom 9 patients underwent parallel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Intra-aortic balloon pump was used in 4 patients. Unfavorable outcome in this group was registered in 10 (13.8%) cases. Patients with a low risk of adverse events (n=9) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting after 10 days from the onset of the disease. All patients were operated using extracorporeal circulation. Unfavorable outcomes were not registered in that group.Conclusions. A decision to perform coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with acute coronary syndrome with ST elevation is made when it is impossible to perform coronary angioplasty due to the isolated and combined stenosis of left main coronary artery and other arteries of the heart. Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with acute coronary syndrome associated with a high risk for adverse events should be performed as an emergency intervention using intra-aortic balloon pump. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with a lower risk of adverse events, require little or no blood transfusion, and reduce hospital stay.
Optimizing cardioplegia in cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries
Authors: Yagafarov I R , Tenin E V , Sibagatullin N G , Zakirov I R , Yagafarova L F , Khatypov M G , Bikchantaev A A
Published: May 2015

Aim. To investigate the influence of intentional cardiac arrest before cardioplegic solution infusion on cardioplegia quality and myocardial protection. Methods. We propose a method for optimizing cardioplegia, allowing to achieve asystole and pharmacologically prepare the myocardium to aortic clamping. The developed method uses systemic and intracoronary administration of adenosine triphosphate and lidocaine to cause asystole, which gives rapid and effective cardioplegic effect without threatening hypertension in coronary arteries. The described method was used in 724 patients who underwent surgery in the period from 2008 to 2013. Normothermic perfusion mode - without myocardial cooling with ice-slush - was used in all cases. Results. Cardiac activity restored spontaneously in 89.7% of cases, manifestations of reperfusion syndrome were negated, frequency and duration of inotropic support were significantly reduced, no serious arrhythmias, like AV block, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and extrasystoles were registered. The described method creates the conditions for sinus rhythm reversion in patients with atrial fibrillation, given the favorable anatomical and physiological conditions (heart chambers volume, duration and type of atrial fibrillation). Conclusion. The described method allows optimizing the surgical stage after standard pharmacological cardioplegia, provides more efficient cardioplegic solution delivery to the myocardium, which is especially important in patients with coronary artery disease, as well as parmacological preconditioning of myocardium before a long period of ischemia and thus to improve the clinical course of post-ischemic period
Long-term results of eversion surgeries for internal carotid artery stenosis due to atherosclerosis
Authors: Zakirov I R , Yagafarov I R , Khatypov M G , Sibagatullin N G , Zakirzyanov M Kh , Faskhutdinov N G , Gaysin R F , Bikchantaev A A , Nadyrova M N , Matveeva D V
Published: May 2015

Aim. Analysis of long-term results of eversion carotid endarterectomy in patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis.Methods. 272 eversion carotid endarterectomy surgeries was performed from June 2008 to December 2014 in the department of cardiac surgery. Long-term results were studied in 198 (73%) patients, with follow-up term ranging from 6 to 48 months. The method of operation serves as a criterion separating Patients were allocated into two groups by the surgery method: in the first group, eversion endarterectomy was performed by Kieny, in the second - by DeBakey.Results. Reconstructed ipsilateral internal carotid artery was passable during the follow-up period in 100% of cases, as confirmed by ultrasonography. In the late period, the mortality in the first group was 2.3% (myocardial infarction and cancer), compared to 1.5% in the second group (myocardial infarction). Acute ischemic stroke occurred in 0.8% of the first group patients and in 1.5% of the second group patients. Restenosis of 50 to 69% were discovered in 3.7% of cases in first group and in 3% in the second group. Restenosis ≥70% were found in 1.5% in both groups of patients.Conclusion. The obtained data confirm that both methods of eversion carotid endarterectomy are safe and reliable in treatment of carotid arteries atherosclerosis and, thus, preventing stroke.
Changes in gepatopancreatobiliary system organs and quality of life in patients after cholecystectomy
Authors: Mitusheva E I , Sayfutdinov R G , Shaymardanov R S , Badretdinova A R
Published: May 2015

Aim. To assess the condition of hepatopancreatobiliary system and quality of life in patients in the remote period after cholecystectomy.Methods. 88 patients with cholelithiasis who undergone cholecystectomy in 2008-2010 were examined 5 years after the surgery. Common blood count, blood biochemistry test were performed, fasting blood glucose level was measured, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, ultrasonic examination of abdominal organs, fractional duodenal intubation, fecal elastase test (ELISA, «BioServ Diagnostics», Germany) were performed. Patients filled out questionnaires to assess the quality of life: MOS SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form), GIQLI (Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index) before, 1 and 5 years after cholecystectomy.Results. According to the esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 56 (63.6%) patients had duodenal reflux, 21 (23.8%) - duodenal diverticula, 9 (10.2%) - reflux esophagitis. Reduced fecal pancreatic elastase-1 was detected in 37 (42%) of patients. According to the fractional duodenal intubation, hypersecretory type was the most prevalent, 40 (45.5%) patients had hypotonic sphincter of Oddi, 48 (54.5%) - hypertonic sphincter of Oddi. All patients had crystals of calcium bilirubinate, leukocytes and bacteria in bile, microliths were identified in 76 (86%) of patients. After emergency surgery, quality of life increased by all indicators, after planned cholecystectomy for asymptomatic cholelithiasis the quality of life decreased 1 and 5 years after cholecystectomy. After planned cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis, the surgery improved quality of life, but after 5 years indicators for quality of life returned to preoperative levels.Conclusion. Various changes in hepatopancreatobiliary system organs are detected in patients after cholecystectomy, like disorders of bile formation and biliary excretion, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, decreased function of the pancreas, which reduce the quality of life.
Bile acids serum levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Minnullina Z Sh , Kiyashko S V , Ryzhkova O V , Sayfutdinov R G
Published: May 2015

Aim. To estimate the blood levels of primary, secondary, tertiary and unconjugated bile acids in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods. The study included 74 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (males - 30, females - 44) and 51 healthy individuals (males - 14, females - 37). All patients underwent anthropometry and complete clinical, biochemical and instrumental examination (measuring the subcutaneous fat layer). 64 patients had hepatic steatosis, 10 - steatohepatitis. Serum levels of bile acids (primary: cholic, chenodeoxycholic; secondary: lithocholic, deoxycholic and tertiary: ursodeoxycholic) were measured by gas-liquid chromatography on «Chromos GC-1000» (Russia) scanner.Results. Unconjugated primary, secondary and tertiary bile acids were detected in the blood of healthy individuals and patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In healthy individuals, there were no gender differences found in the bile acids levels. Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease had higher level of bile acids compared to healthy controls. There was a significant difference in the concentrations of secondary and tertiary bile acids in patients with hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis.Conclusion. Blood bile acids levels were significantly higher in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than in healthy individuals. At steatohepatitis, females had higher levels of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids and lower levels of lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids compared to males. Significant difference in patients with hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis was revealed only in levels of secondary and tertiary bile acids.
Evaluation of the level of glycoproteins in the vitreous body in degenerative diseases of the retina
Authors: Altynbaev U R
Published: May 2015

Aim. A comparative assessment of fibronectin and laminin levels in the vitreous body in patients with idiopathic macular hole, epimacular fibrosis and age-related macular degeneration.Methods. Glycoprotein levels were measured in the vitreous body of 63 patients aged 56 to 81 years (65±2.8 years). The first group included 24 patients with idiopathic macular hole, second group - 14 patients with epimacular fibrosis, third group - 15 patients with the wet form of age-related macular degeneration. The control group included 10 patients with contusion dislocation of the lens into the vitreous body without signs of retinal pathology.Results. Laminin level in the vitreous body in patients of the control group was 0.71±0.03 mg/ml, fibronectin level - 34±5.5 mg/ml, no association of these parameters with patients’ age and sex was revealed. Laminin and fibronectin levels in vitreous body of patients with idiopathic macular hole were 0.8±0.23 and 32.8±2.1 mg/ml, respectively, in patients with epimacular fibrosis - 0.8±0.23 and 32.0±0.53 mg/ml, respectively, and in patients with wet form of age-related macular degeneration - 0.9±0.25 and 33.0±1.65 mg/ml, respectively. Strong direct association between laminin level in the vitreous body and retinal thickness was revealed in patients with idiopathic macular hole and epimacular fibrosis.Conclusion. The link between the retinal thickness and laminin level might indicate the involvement of laminin in degenerative changes of the retina on the level of vitreoretinal interface and inner retinal layers.
Morphological features of choroidal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration complicated by high pigment epithelial detachment
Authors: Altynbaev U R , Lebedeva O I
Published: May 2015

Aim. To study the morphological features of choroidal neovascular membranes in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration, complicated by high pigment epithelial detachment. Methods. The study enrolled 10 patients with wet age-related macular degeneration, who underwent vitrectomy with choroidal neovascular membranes removal, including 4 patients with occult choroidal neovascularization and 6 patients with classic choroidal neovascular membrane. Results. Histologic pattern consisting of pigmented epithelium cells layer with Bruch’s membrane, fibrovascular membrane, photoreceptors segments layer and, in some of the cases, choroid fragments, was discovered in tissue specimens of patients with classic choroidal neovascular membrane. Histologic pattern of choroidal neovascular membrane in patients with occult choroidal neovascularization also consisted of pigment epithelium cells layer with Bruch’s membrane, fibrotic neovascular membrane itself and photoreceptors segments layer. Pigment epithelium cell layer, in contrast to the control group, had apparent signs of hyperplasia. Average thickness of pigment layer of the retina was 16.08±4.64 μm in patients with high pigment epithelial detachment, by 30% higher compared to the control group (11.22±3.38 μm, р 0.05). Mean Bruch’s membrane thickness was 6.7±0.19 μm in the main group, which also exceeded the similar values in the control group (5.7±3.8 μm, р 0.05). Histochemical studies revealed qualitative differences between the study groups in the levels of collagen types I and III. Glycosaminoglycans, in contrast, were detected only in the group with classic choroidal neovascular membrane. Conclusion. In patients with occult choroidal neovascular membrane complicated by high pigment epithelial detachment, Bruch’s membrane thickening was found due to collagen type 1 deposits on the outer surface, which caused a local hydrodynamics alterations and influences the bioavailability of medications.
Treating the patient with acute rupture of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the thoracic aorta
Authors: Yagafarov I R , Sayfullin R R , Iskhakov M M , Gazizov N V , Khatypov M G , Zakirov I R , Sibagatullin N G , Sayfutdinov R G
Published: May 2015

Spontaneous rupture of the aorta - a violation of the integrity of the aortic wall which is not caused by an aneurysm, trauma, dissection or disintegrating tumor process, and is an acute life-threatening condition. According to some authors, the main cause of spontaneous rupture of the aorta is a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the aorta, which is an ulceration of aortic atherosclerotic plaque leading to penetration of the internal elastic plate in media. We present a case of successful hybrid surgical treatment of patient with spontaneous rupture of the descending thoracic aorta with the formation of para-aortic hematoma and left-sided hemothorax. The patient underwent a hybrid operation - aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta prosthetic repair, subclavian bypass with left subclavian artery ligation, left-sided thoracotomy, and pleural cavity sanitation. No intraoperative complications were observed, the patient was taken off the ventilator on day 2. The control computed tomography performed on day 10, revealed correct and stable stent graft position with no signs of continued bleeding, endoleak. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition on day 14. Due to the high hospital mortality of open surgery on the thoracic aorta in case of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers, as well as the predominance of elderly patients with severe comorbidities that contraindicate open surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, endovascular and hybrid technologies, which are minimally invasive and traumatic, come to the fore. Endovascular prosthetic repair in case of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta is an effective and safe procedure in patients at high risk, showing encouraging long-term results.
Modern approaches to abdominal drainage in diffuse peritonitis
Authors: Salakhov E K , Salakhov K K
Published: May 2015

An overview of domestic and foreign literature reflecting modern approaches to abdominal drainage in diffuse peritonitis is presented. Materials and methods of drainage are described, the results of some randomized clinical trials exploring the effectiveness of abdominal drainage are analyzed. This medical manipulation is one of the first methods of debridement, which does not lose importance to this day, despite a long history. Drains reduce and inhibit the antibacterial and absorbent function of the peritoneum. At this stage, silicone drains, known for flexibility, durability and the possibility of long-term use are widespread. Use of drainages is limited in time, as they are not biologically inert and become bounded from the abdominal by adhesions and fibrin deposits. So far, there are heated debates about how to drainage, drainage installation method, frequency of use and indications. Good performance of the drainages can be achieved only if they function constantly, like in abdominal dialysis. Of course, this does not mean that drains should not be used in treatment of peritonitis, but they should be placed under strict indications. Thus, despite the large experience, the question of the abdominal drainage utility at peritonitis remains open, as currently applied improved methods for drainage have several disadvantages and the use of any method is often controversial. The development of new, highly effective methods of abdominal cavity debridement in peritonitis is an actual task, especially at the present stage of medical technologies development.