bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Iodine Deficiency Disorders among School Children (Aged
Authors: Saleem Sheikh Mohd , Khan S. Muhammad Salim , Haq Inaamul , Qurieshi Mariya Amin
Published: May 2022

Objectives of the Study:

The objectives of the present study which was conducted in four districts of Kashmir valley (Anantnag, Baramulla, Budgam, and Srinagar) were to (1) estimate the “total goitre rate” (TGR) among schoolchildren in the age group of 6–12 years, (2) estimate the proportion of households with adequately iodized salt, and (3) to assess the dietary iodine intake by measuring urinary iodine levels.

Study Design:

Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted in the four districts of Kashmir Valley, namely Anantnag, Baramulla, Budgam, and Srinagar in March 2017. This was a school-based study among children in the age group of 6–12 years. For each district, 30 schools were randomly selected using Probability Proportionate to Size sampling. A total of 90 students (45 boys and 45 girls) were randomly selected from each school. Selected children were examined by trained doctors for the presence of goitre. Every 5th child in the school was selected for the collection of the salt sample from the child's house. Every 10th child in the school was selected for the collection of the urine sample for iodine estimation.

Results:

A total of 10,800 children in the age group of 6–12 years were examined in the four districts. The overall TGR for the four districts combined was 14.8%. The TGR was the highest in district Budgam (16.4%) and lowest in district Anantnag (13.8%). Across all districts, ≤1% of the examined children had a goitre of Grade II. In districts Baramulla, Budgam, and Srinagar, an increasing trend in TGR was observed with age. The median urinary iodine ranged from a minimum of 46.14 μg/L in district Baramulla to a maximum of 56.06 μg/L in district Anantnag.

Conclusion:

The TGR was high in all the four districts, way beyond the 10% iodine deficiency disorder control goal that was to be achieved by the year 2012. Moreover, the population level median urinary iodine was less than the recommended ≥100 μg/L in all the four districts. Except for district Anantnag, all three districts had median urinary iodine levels of <50 μg/L indicating moderate iodine deficiency.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Risk Factors for the Presence and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gangtok
Authors: Sharma Divij , Khandelwal Bidita , Kar Sumit
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives:

Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common disorders that not only often coexist but also have a bidirectional association where each condition exacerbates the other. The present study was performed to ascertain the occurrence and predictors of risk factors of OSA in patients with type 2DM.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional hospital-based study recruiting 164 patients for over 2 months was conducted, in which each diabetic patient was assigned to complete a questionnaire on various variables followed by a general physical examination for associated comorbidities diabetic complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy). Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were recorded, following which they were administered and assessed using Berlin Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Score for risk category and daytime sleepiness. Patients with already diagnosed OSA including ones receiving treatment for it were excluded from the study.

Results:

Of the 164 diabetic patients recruited in the study, 64 (39%) were at high risk for OSA in contrast to the 100 (61%) who were at low risk for OSA. Neck circumference, waist circumference, presence of hypertension and more than one comorbidities along with patients who experienced witnessed apnea at least three times a week, excessive daytime sleepiness, and habitual snorers found to be significant risk factors and practices in posing DM patients at a higher risk for OSA. Patients with body mass index ≥25 were more likely to have a high risk of OSA. FBG and HbA1c were not significant risk factors for OSA.

Conclusions:

OSA has a high prevalence in subjects with T2DM which reinforces the clinicians to remain observant for signs and symptoms of OSA in diabetic patients and monitor their compliance in terms of weight management, diet control, and medication adherence.
Evidence-Based Yoga and Ayurveda Lifestyle Practices for the Geriatric Population during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Bhardwaj Praag , Pathania Nitish , Pathania Monika , Rathaur Vyas K
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 has had a devastating impact on global health-care systems and the economy. Scientists and medical professionals worldwide are striving to provide for vaccine cures, while the deadly virus continuously mutates and thrives. Immunity being directly co-related to multiple factors such as diet, sleep, lifestyle, and stress; elderly people are at high risk due to factors such as immunosenescence, weakened metabolism, micro-nutrient deficiency, immobility, chronic stress, and comorbidities. The elderly has had the highest morbidity and mortality rates during the pandemic and is the most neglected in general. Holistic and integrative approaches need to be researched for finding safe and risk-free ways that may help counter immune suppression and prevent the vulnerable from getting infected. Yoga and Ayurveda have shown promising results in this regard, although among populations varying in age and health status. However, good-quality clinical trials are needed to strengthen the evidence of yoga for geriatric immunity as online databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase showed a paucity of studies when searched for related keywords. Similarly, several aspects of Ayurveda, especially Ahara/food, have vast yet unexplored applications in immune strengthening and developing physical and mental resilience. Primary care physicians can utilize these time-tested techniques as lifestyle modifications along with the standard pharmacological treatment for fulfilling the health-care needs of their patients, especially for the vulnerable elderly, which is the pressing need during this pandemic.
Congenital hairy melanocytic nevus over eye
Authors: Gupta Sunil Kumar , Kumari Sushantika
Published: May 2022

A ten year old boy presented with black hairy nevus over left eyelid since birth.He did not have any complains of vision. The nevus was progressing in size encroaching over upper eyelid with minute papules in eyelid margin. It was diagnosed as congenital hairy melanocytic nevus clinically. His parents were advised laser therapy after he reaches maturity as a management option. The location of the nevus made it worth reporting.
Comparative study of efficacy of intradermal tranexamic acid microinjections versus intradermal glutathione microinjections for treatment of facial melasma
Authors: Kumawat Kanchan , Bhatia Kailash , Bhatia Jushya , Kataria Rajesh , Namdeo Chaitanya , Sarin Ankur
Published: May 2022

Background

Melasma is a hypermelanotic disorder, which poses therapeutic challenge. Tranexamic acid (TA) and glutathione are novel therapies for the treatment of melasma.

Aim

To compare the therapeutic efficacy of localized intradermal microinjections (mesotherapy) of TA versus microinjections of glutathione for the treatment of melasma.

Methods

This prospective, comparative study was carried out to assess the therapeutic efficacy of TA and glutathione in 64 patients with dermal melasma after obtaining written informed consent, over a period of 12 weeks. Face of the patient was divided into two halves (split face); right cheek was injected with TA and the left with glutathione, at baseline (zero), 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. The treatment response was assessed by using visual analog scale (VAS); photographs were taken to ascertain the improvement and its percentage was calculated. A parametric test, Student t test, and Z test were applied wherever applicable. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Out of 64 enrolled, 50 patients completed the study and it was found that the reduction in VAS score from baseline to 8th week and baseline to 12th week was significant in both the groups (P < 0.05). However, the mean difference in improvement percentage between baseline and 8th week and baseline and 12th week with TA was found to be more significant than glutathione.

Conclusion

This study revealed that both TA and glutathione intradermal microinjections are effective in the treatment of melasma but TA is more effective.
Dermoscopy of disorders of hypopigmentation
Authors: Bhat Yasmeen Jabeen , Khare Soumil , Nabi Nahida
Published: May 2022

Dermoscopy has traditionally been used to diagnose neoplasms and, more recently, to evaluate inflammatory conditions. Recent observational studies have suggested a role for dermoscopy in identifying and differentiating various hypopigmentary disorders. This comprehensive review will summarize the growing literature on the use of dermoscopy for hypopigmentary disorders.
Role of oral corticosteroids, methotrexate, and azathioprine in patients with unstable vitiligo
Authors: Mittal Niharika , Kaur Tejinder
Published: May 2022

Background:

There are several medical and surgical interventions for vitiligo but still the search for a definite cure is going on. The first goal of the therapy is to make the disease stable by preventing the appearance of new lesions. Drugs like oral corticosteroids, methotrexate, and azathioprine have been found effective in this phase.

Objective:

To compare the efficacy of oral corticosteroids, methotrexate, and azathioprine in patients with unstable vitiligo.

Materials and Methods:

It was a retrospective data analysis of 319 vitiligo patients, out of which 52 patients with unstable vitiligo who have received treatment in the form of 0.5 mg/kg oral corticosteroids on 2 consecutive days per week, 0.3 mg/kg methotrexate per week, and 1 to 1.5 mg/kg azathioprine daily were selected and were evaluated for the effect of drug for 12weeks.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in the appearance of new lesions in all 3 groups; however, methotrexate showed the early effect which plateaus after a few weeks whereas steroids as well as azathioprine showed a gradual and consistent effect.

Conclusion:

Methotrexate, steroids, and azathioprine all arrest the disease activity in vitiligo. Methotrexate can be used to arrest disease activity in fast-spreading vitiligo. Azathioprine can be used in patients with active vitiligo, wherever steroids are contraindicated.
Vitiligo
Authors: Sinha Preema , Sinha Anwita , Radhakrishnan Subramaniyan , Bhatia Jasvinder Kaur
Published: May 2022

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the most serious complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Skin is the most commonly affected organ, in both acute and chronic GVHD with a variable clinical spectrum of presentation with the typical skin lesions being either lichenoid or sclerodermatous. Antibodies developing in chronic GVHD act as triggering factors in the development of autoimmune diseases and can manifest as vitiligo that is an autoimmune disease resulting in melanocyte destruction. Vitiligo as sequelae and manifestation of GVHD is infrequently reported in the literature. Herein, we report the case of a lady who developed vitiligo post hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
A reawakening of Machine Learning Application in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Future Research Motivation
Authors: Shafik Wasswa , Matinkhah S. Mojtaba , Shokoor Fawad , Sharif Lule
Published: May 2022

Machine learning (ML) entails artificial procedures that improve robotically through experience and using data. Supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are the main types of ML. This study mainly focuses on RL and Deep learning, since necessitates mainly sequential and consecutive decision-making context. This is a comparison to supervised and non-supervised learning due to the interactive nature of the environment. Exploiting a forthcoming accumulative compensation and its stimulus of machines, complex policy decisions. The study further analyses and presents ML perspectives depicting state-of-the-art developments with advancement, relatively depicting the future trend of RL based on its applicability in technology. It's a challenge to an Internet of Things (IoT) and demonstrates what possibly can be adopted as a solution. This study presented a summarized perspective on identified arenas on the analysis of RL. The study scrutinized that a reasonable number of the techniques engrossed in alternating policy values instead of modifying other gears in an exact state of intellectual. The study presented a strong foundation for the current studies to be adopted by the researchers from different research backgrounds to develop models, and architectures that are relevant.
The Internet of things technology in the rehabilitation for the disabled in China: A survey
Authors: Lei Juan , Huang Xi , Huang Huibao , Chu Huiwen , Wang Junfu , Jiang Xianwei
Published: May 2022

According to the WORLD Disabled Persons federation (WPF), there are a large number of disabled people in the world, accounting for over 400 million in the Asia-Pacific region alone. This paper discusses the application of the Internet of Things technology in the rehabilitation of special populations, aiming at achieving high allocation of resources without changing personnel allocation, realizing innovation to improve economic benefits without changing personnel allocation, and rationally optimizing resource allocation to achieve maximum. Firstly, we give an overview of the Internet of Things technology and its application, and introduce the sensor, RFID, embedded system and other technologies. Then, we discuss the application of Internet of Things technology in the rehabilitation of disabled people, from the rehabilitation needs of disabled people and the application of Internet of Things technology in the field of rehabilitation. Then, from the statistical analysis of the application of Internet of Things technology in the rehabilitation field in the past 10 years, we obtained the shortcomings of the application of Internet of Things technology in the rehabilitation field and some space for further exploration. Finally, we believe that the application of Internet of Things technology to the rehabilitation management of persons with disabilities will be a breakthrough in the rehabilitation management of persons with disabilities, and have important reference value for the rehabilitation management of persons with disabilities worldwide. We also hope that understanding, respecting, caring and helping people with disabilities will increasingly become a global consensus and action.
Genome Size Variation of Chagas Disease Vectors of the Rhodniini Tribe
Authors: Merle Marie , Filée Jonathan , de Oliveira Jader , Almeida Carlos Eduardo , Mougel Florence , Bastide Héloïse , Girondot Marc , da Rosa João Aristeu , Harry Myriam
Published: May 2022

The genome size of five Rhodnius species (R. milesi, R. nasutus, R. neivai, R. prolixus, and R. robustus) and two Psammolestes species (P. coroedes and P. tertius) were estimated using flow cytometry and/or k-mer distributions in genome sequences. Phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models highlighted significant genome size variations among species and between sexes, with R. prolixus showing the largest genome. In this study we provide the first data on female genome size in Triatominae. For five species, female genome size did not differ from males, except for R. robustus, where females had smaller genomes. Genome size estimations based on the k-mer distribution method were less than those estimated from flow cytometry, but both methods exhibited the same pattern of sexual differences. Further genomic studies are needed to infer whether genome size variation could be an adaptive trait in Rhodnius.
Design of an NPK fertilizer pelletizer
Authors: Ezewu K.
Published: May 2022

Fertilizer application to boost crop yield has become inevitable and can be a source of environmental concern. In this study, the design of simple pelletizing equipment was considered to process fertilizer powder into pellets. This equipment was designed to convey, compact and extrude the NPK compound via a screw conveyor, through a die and into pellets. On the basis of the size of this home-made system and the bulk density of inorganic NPK compounds, a 1492 watts (2hp) motor and a 25mm diameter shaft of screw conveyor was used to convey the NPK compound at a rate of 3.0m3/h, and then compacted and extruded it into pellets. The octahedral shear stress failure criterion helped to determine how well the pelleting pressure chamber designed with mild steel, holds up against the radial (σr), hoop (σh) and axial (σz) stresses generated which amounted to an octahedral shear stress (σoct) of 1.5N/mm2, which is well below the yield stress of mild steel. The use of this equipment to produce inorganic NPK compounds into pellets helps improve fertilizer use efficiency and also militates against the environmental challenges posed by NPK fertilizer usage
Design of a mobile smartphone anti-theft system
Authors: Agbonifo O.C. , Afolayan A.H. , Akinola O.H.
Published: May 2022

This research proposed an android-based-approach for the design of a mobile smartphone anti-theft system that is fit for performing Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card discovery, location and mobility information fetching through Global Positioning System (GPS), sending the fetched location using Short Message Service (SMS), passing culprit’s mobility information to the corresponding mobile operator to provide the mobile number, capturing culprit pictures using either the camera of the stolen phone or the culprit image captured by the mobile operator and transferring the information to the alternate email id and police/appropriate authority to capture the smartphone theft culprit. The system was developed using Android Studio IDE, Java programming language, and SQLite database. The system evaluation was carried out using a survey form integrated into the developed anti-theft system. On average, more than 80% of the participants found the framework to be simple and easy to use.
Response of sheep fed urea-treated corncob and supplemented with cassava leaf meal
Authors: Yulistiani D. , Puastuti W. , Wina E.
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding untreated or urea-treated ground corncob and supplementing with cassava leaf meal (CLM) in a total mixed ration on growth, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) utilization and rumen fermentation of sheep. Five diet treatments with five replications consisted of untreated corncob + concentrate (CC); urea-treated corncob + concentrate (UCC); and CC and UCC supplemented with CLM and designated as CC+CLM and UCC+CLM, respectively. A diet formulated with a mixture of elephant grass and concentrate was used as control (EG). There were no significant differences in dry matter intake (DMI) between treatments. The average DMI was 4.17% bodyweight. Average daily gain (ADG) of sheep fed the treatment diets was between 146.3 and 176.2 g/h/day, and was higher than EG (89.1 g/head/day). Thus, the treatments improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). Nitrogen retention was lowest for EG and highest for UCC and UCC+CLM. The addition of CLM had no effect on growth, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation characteristics. It was concluded that corncob could be used as a replacement for elephant grass in postweaning diets for sheep.
Oxidative stress and effects of dill (Anethum graveolens dhi) powder on the performance and health status of broilers
Authors: Jangali A. , Hedayati M. , Khalaji S. , Manafi M.
Published: May 2022

Effects of dill powder (Anethum graveolens dhi) on performance and biochemical traits, immune response, blood cells and microbial population of cecum broilers after stress induced with dexamethasone were investigated. Two hundred and forty broilers were arrayed in completely randomized design with six experimental groups, five replications and eight broilers per replication. The experimental groups consisted of G1: control diet without additives, G2: control diet supplemented with 1.5% dill powder, G3: control diet supplemented with 1.5% dill powder under dexamethasone stress, G4: control diet supplemented with 3% dill powder, G5: control diet supplemented with 3% dill powder under dexamethasone stress, and G6: control diet under dexamethasone stress. After 31, 33, 38 and, 40 days, 2 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) dexamethasone was injected in right chest muscle in groups 3, 5, 6, and samples were taken after 35 and 42 days. Use of 3% dill powder reduced cecum microbial population significantly. Under dexamethasone oxidative stress conditions dill powder improved biochemical traits and the number of white blood cells significantly. Without stress induced by dexamethasone injection, use of 3% dill powder improved internal organs, increased the length of the digestive tract, improved weight gain, reduced FCR and improved antibody titers to Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) viruses. All levels of dill powder prevented negative impacts of dexamethasone on functional and biochemical traits. Thus, 3% dill powder has beneficial effects on performance, immune response, blood cell and microbial population, and could be used as a growth promoter and to prevent oxidative stress.
Gene-set enrichment analysis of selective sweeps reveals phenotypic traits in Nguni cattle
Authors: Zwane A.A. , Nxumalo K.S. , Makgahlela M.L. , Van Marle-Koster E. , Maiwashe N.
Published: May 2022

Adaptation of animals to different environments is typically associated with structural and functional genomic variations. High throughput SNP genotyping and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have made it possible to study positive selection footprints and adaptation traits. Nguni is a small frame-size breed, mostly horned, and well known for being adapted to diverse South African environmental conditions. This study used previously identified selective sweeps to perform functional analysis of genes related to phenotypic characteristics in Nguni. Two hundred and sixty-four candidate selective sweeps were used for gene-set enrichment analysis in molecular functional categories (KEGG pathways) using the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID). In total, 107 genes were identified across all the chromosomes with 74 genes associated with eight phenotype queries, including fat content, milk production, walking ability, heat tolerance, meat production, reproduction, and bone and muscle development. Gene CRHR2 was associated with meat quality (juiciness and flavour). The IRAK3 gene was associated with decreased body size, feed intake and fatness in cattle, and CARD15 with disease resistance. Gene annotation using phenotype queries identified four genes (SPI, YWHAZ, RGS4, and RGS5) that were associated with myometrial relaxation in cattle. Genes such as NOD2 and IL21R were associated with inflammatory bowel diseases in cattle, whereas CPLS gene was associated with fat content. These genes are important to the phenotypic and adaptive characteristics present in South African Nguni cattle and hold potential for selection for traits of economic importance.
Qualitative analysis of facilitators and barriers to centre- and home-based exercise training in breast cancer patients - a Swiss tertiary centre experience
Authors: Schneider Caroline , Reimann Sina , Schmid Julia , Bernhard Jürg , Rabaglio Manuela , Campbell Kristin L. , Wilhelm Matthias , Eser Prisca
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Exercise is an effective therapy for breast cancer patients to reduce fatigue and to improve health-related quality of life and physical function. Yet breast cancer patients often do not meet the recommended physical activity guidelines. To better understand why recommendations are not met and to improve long-term physical activity maintenance, this study aimed at identifying facilitators and barriers of breast cancer survivors to supervised, centre-based exercise within a cardio-oncological rehabilitation programme and to unsupervised, home-based exercise both during and after the completion of the programme, as well as strategies used to manage these barriers.
METHODS: Breast cancer patients who had previously completed a structured centre-based exercise programme at a Swiss tertiary centre were recruited by mailed invitation letter. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with consenting patients and subsequent thematic analysis was performed to identify common themes.
RESULTS: Of the 37 eligible breast cancer patients, 19 patients (51%, mean age 48.9 ± 9.7 years) responded to our invitation. Baseline characteristics did not differ from the total eligible population. General facilitators for exercise were anticipated and experienced benefits on physical and mental health and enjoyment of exercise. Facilitators specific for supervised centre-based exercise were social support, accountability and the provision of structured exercise by the programme. Centre-based exercise barriers included physical, psychological and environmental barriers, whereby psychological barriers were reported predominantly in the context of home-based exercise. Strategies to manage these barriers were diverse and included the adaptation of training circumstances, behaviour change strategies and strategies to deal with side effects.
CONCLUSIONS: This first study on facilitators of and barriers to exercise in breast cancer patients in Switzerland identified more barriers, particularly psychological barriers, for unsupervised home-based exercise than for supervised centre-based exercise. These findings support the importance of providing structured supervised exercise programmes for breast cancer patients and suggest that a special focus should be directed at the transition from supervised to self-organized exercise in order to enhance and maintain long-term exercise participation.
Wind and PV Hybrid Micro Grid Power Generation System
Authors: Sarswat Meenakshi , Varshney Lokesh
Published: May 2022

Demand for renewable energy (RES) systems is increasing, and research into wind and PV System has reached a pace in current years. Currently, the world is highly dependent on fossil fuels for energy needs, and these fossil fuels are on the brink of extinction. Demand for renewable energy will increase sharply in the coming years. Our work presents a hybrid system of energy generation with photovoltaic and wind system. Wind and PV system is connected to the grid as well as with each other. A control strategy is designed to maximize the benefits of such network interface system. The inverter is programmed to work as a multi-functional device with active power filtering capabilities. As a result the inverter is employed to power the RES energy in the network as a power converter. All analysis is performed and validated by the MATLAB / Simulink simulation, placing the system under dynamic load conditions.
Apologie des peines alternatives en droit pénal camerounais
Authors: BAMBÉ Djorbélé
Published: May 2022

L’histoire du droit pénal camerounais est celle d’une imitation aveugle et sans ancrage social. Or, pour être effectives et efficaces, les normes doivent être ancrées dans la culture de leurs sujets. Dès lors, en plaidant la cause des peines alternatives, la présente étude a pour ambition de contribuer à repenser les sanctions pénales et à forger une certaine « camerounisation » du droit pénal. Elle vante les mérites de ces peines qui constituent, sans doute, un retour aux sources de la justice pénale à la camerounaise. Parce qu’elle oblige à faire des cavalcades entre la philosophie, la sociologie et le droit, l’étude implique le recours au syncrétisme juridique, alliant la dogmatique classique et la dogmatique éthique. C’est cette méthode singulière qui a permis de démontrer qu’a minima, les peines alternatives contribuent à une réalisation du droit pénal et qu’a maxima, elles participent à une rationalisation de celui-ci. Aussi s’agit-il de remettre en cause la rationalité pénale actuelle fondée sur le « tout carcéral ».
À propos de grands oublié·e·s du nouveau Code pénal camerounais
Authors: KAMGAING Pierre-Claver
Published: May 2022

Loi et société entretiennent une relation symbiotique dans laquelle la première régit les rapports sociaux tandis que la seconde doit inspirer l’édiction des règles selon la formule latine « Ubi societas, ibi jus ». La loi étant le reflet des aspirations, elle doit embrasser tous les aspects de la vie sociale, car le vide juridique laisse libre cours à l’injustice. Ceci est d’autant plus retentissant en matière pénale quand on sait qu’il n’y a d’infraction que celle prévue par le législateur ou la législatrice et que l’interprétation en la matière est stricte. Le Code pénal de 2016, cinquante ans après, charrie des nouveautés différemment appréciées par la doctrine. Mais aussi, il semble briller par des oublis criards qui peuvent remettre en question sa nature réformiste au sens strict du terme. Ces oublis peuvent être appréhendés selon une double trajectoire : d’une part, l’oubli de toiletter des infractions anachroniques ou mal libellées; d’autre part, l’oubli d’incriminer certains agissements sociaux pouvant être considérés comme de véritables infractions. Quoi qu’il en soit, la norme pénale de forme suivant toujours la loi de fond, l’irruption de nouvelles incriminations appelle inéluctablement à une réadaptation du Code de procédure pénale.
La protection internationale du patrimoine culturel : les leçons tirées du procès de Tombouctou devant la Cour pénale internationale et son rayonnement en droit pénal camerounais
Authors: MBOUMEGNE DZESSEU Serges Frédéric , DJOMO TAMEN Valéry Blériot
Published: May 2022

Le procès de Tombouctou a marqué une étape décisive dans la protection du patrimoine culturel. Des éléments l’attestent : la qualification de l’atteinte au patrimoine culturel en crime de guerre pendant les conflits armés non internationaux et sa répression par la Cour pénale internationale. L’effet de ce procès réside dans son impact sur la protection effective du patrimoine culturel au Cameroun. La législation pénale, dans le code du 12 juillet 2016, procède par une internalisation des biens culturels consacrés par l’UNESCO, en y accordant un régime de répression souple. Non seulement, il a fait le choix de correctionnaliser l’atteinte au patrimoine culturel, mais aussi, et ce à la différence de la Cour pénale internationale dans l’affaire Procureur contre Al Mahdi, le quantum de la peine prévue est doux. La législation sanctionne ces agissements des peines allant de 06 mois à 02 ans d’emprisonnement ferme et une amende allant de 100 000 F CFA à 3 000 000 de F CFA (article 187 du Code pénal). Cette option est critiquable eu égard au développement des foyers de conflits dans les régions anglophones et septentrionales du Cameroun qui ne sont pas sans conséquences sur le patrimoine culturel dans ces régions. Le présent article interpelle l’autorité législatrice afin qu’il criminalise l’atteinte au patrimoine culturel.
Périurbanisation spontanée et développement des modes de transports dits « artisanaux » dans la métropole de Yaoundé
Authors: MENDOUGA Yannick , ELONG NGANDO EPOSSY Marthe Aime , NGUIDJOI Cyrille Gabriel
Published: May 2022

Depuis les années 1990, les métropoles camerounaises connaissent une extension spontanée sans précédent de leurs périphéries urbaines. Ces dernières proposent des facilités d’installation, notamment d’accès au foncier et du coût du loyer relativement abordable. La crise économique de 1987 et ses impacts ont mis en mal le système de transport urbain étant donné que la périphérie urbaine spontané ne relève pas d’une initiative institutionnelle. Nonobstant cet état de choses, le besoin de mobilité centre-périphérie reste réel pour les populations des quartiers périphériques populeux dont la majeure partie des activités sociaux économiques et administratives se concentre au centre urbain. L’incapacité de l’Etat à satisfaire les besoins accrus de mobilité du centre-périphérie et vice-versa due à l’inadéquation entre les infrastructures et moyens de transport en place et la surface à couvrir laisse entrevoir le développement du mode de transport dit « artisanal » dans la métropole de Yaoundé depuis les années 1990. Ce mode de transport du centre vers les périphéries spontanées offre des avantages importants en terme de disponibilité, de densité de couverture, de coût, de rapidité de service et de transport des marchandises. Bien qu’il soit dit « artisanal », il est une manne tombée du ciel pour la population de la périphérie urbaine. Il nécessite toutefois un appui matériel voire financier de l’État afin de satisfaire tout au mieux les demandes incessamment croissantes de mobilité urbaine.
Les transports artisanaux en Afrique urbaine à l’heure de la technologie digitale et de la durabilité
Authors: FAYE Evariste Massamba
Published: May 2022

En Afrique, les transports artisanaux occupent une place prépondérante dans la mobilité urbaine à grande distance. De Tunis au Cap, en l’absence de réseaux de transport public officiel de qualité et en nombre suffisant, ils se développent. Ces transports présentent indéniablement des avantages. Malheureusement, les problèmes de développement qu’ils cautionnent les décréditent : laxisme des acteurs, vétusté et mauvaise qualité des véhicules, insécurité routière, pollutions atmosphérique et sonore importantes, médiocrité des services, désorganisation généralisée du secteur et gestion chaotique basées sur l’illégalité, la débrouillardise et l’improvisation, etc. Ces inconvénients obligent à reconsidérer leurs modes de fonctionnement et d’évolution actuels très souvent aux antipodes de la ville durable. Leur réinvention s’impose pour répondre aux exigences de ce paradigme vitrine, clef de voûte de la fabrication ou de la restructuration des cités d’aujourd’hui et de demain. Le paradigme de la ville durable intelligente s’invite en Afrique et est un véritable enjeu pour ses villes. Ainsi seront-elles amenées à pallier la situation catastrophique qui gangrène leurs transports artisanaux et se doter de transports durables. C’est un grand défi auquel l’Afrique urbaine doit faire face dans sa quête de cités afro-smart agréables à vivre et durables.
X’MOS-IOT: IOT BASED MOSQUITO SPRAY DISPENSER SYSTEM
Authors: MAN MUSTAFA , WAN ABU BAKAR WAN AEZWANI , HWA LIM CHEE , MD. NOOR MUHAMMAD IRFAN HAKIM , YUSOF MOHD KAMIR
Published: May 2022

Dengue remains among the major causes of mortality worldwide. Manyresearch and medical institutions are still investigating a treatment or vaccineand vector control that would be a key strategy for dengue fever prevention.We introduce Intelligent Mosquito Spray Dispenser system X’MOS-IOT, aninnovative concept that includes IR4.0 for the cloud storage automation as wellas data analytics and exchange across cyber-physical systems and cognitivecomputing. The X’MOS-IOT provides a solution for spray interval automationusing sensor and battery optimizations with direct Wifi module technology. Thedevice is equipped with X’MOS spray mini aerosol repellent, offering effectiveenvironmentally friendly Aedes mosquito control. This all-in-one systemensures a mosquito-free environment in your home. The implementation showsthe X’MOS-IOT system is able to update the level of each X’MOS in X’MOSIOTdevices, reducing the cost of manual human checking for X’Mos refill.
APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL STUDY OF UNSTEADY FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES NANOFLUID OVER STRETCHING SHEET
Authors: REHMAN ALI , SALLEH ZABIDIN , ZEB MUHAMMAD
Published: May 2022

The aim of this paper is to study approximate analytical unsteady flow and heat transfer analysis of CNTs nanofluid over stretching sheet for the improvement of heat assignment ratio. The present work has some important application in industry and engineering because the heat transfer ratio of nanofluid is larger compared to other fluid. With the help of defined similarity transformation, the nonlinear partial differential equations is converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The model of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are then solved by Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method. The impact of different parameters are then interpreted using graphs in the form of velocity and temperature profiles. The influence of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number is presented in the table form.
PERSONAL SHARING IN SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS – A CASE STUDY IN UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
Authors: HASNI ROSLAN , MOHD RADZI NURUL ATIQAH , HUSIN MOHAMAD NAZRI
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we discuss a case-study of personal sharing of information among students of two undergraduate programme, i.e., Computational Mathematics and Software Engineering (in short, CM and SE respectively) at UniversitiMalaysia Terengganu, Malaysia. The data collected is represented as a directed graph with edges between vertices representing information sharing between the focused-group of students. An analysis is carried out to identify reciprocity,binfluential individuals and community formation to understand the dynamics of these two groups. Even though the density of CM and SE students’ network are somewhat similar, but higher number of reciprocities and communities exists in CM network which indicates resource sharing can be limited in a particularnetwork. However, two isolated vertices also exist for CM which indicates these students prefer to work alone thus in need of extra attention. It is expected that with the community information derived, we can use it to sustain the dynamics of the network and further boost teaching and learning using various divide-andconquer strategies.
Measuring Opportunities and Challenges in Dispute Resolution of Fintech Sharia Business Through LAPS
Authors: Nurhayati Siti , Nurjamil Nurjamil , Fadhillah Muhammad Haris
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted to outline the opportunities and challenges of resolving fintech business disputes through the Alternative Dispute Resolution Institute (LAPS) in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is a legal reasearch approach and qualitative approach that is to review primary and secondary data sources related to regulations on business dispute resolution in Indonesia. The results show that fintech plays a role in encouraging the economic development of the community, especially as an alternative to financing. LAPS serves as a solution to dispute resolution of business people in Indonesia this institution was chosen because it is more effective and efficient, the verdict is final and binding that is contrary to litigation lines that seem time-consuming and expensive costs. LAPS opportunities are very large for the rise of digital-based businesses and payments that still leave many legal problems while LAPS khsusus fintech is not yet available where LAPS provides services that are in line with digital business; the settlement is a win-win solution, which is in accordance with the character of the business world, which is obliged to manage risks, including reputational risk, operational risk and legal risk. While the challenges faced by LAPS in fintech include: Dualism alternative fintech dispute resolution can be through LAPS and can also through the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK); Limited Legal Infrastructure The number of fintech transactions that continue to increase in line with the potential for disputes that will occur; Availability of Mediators and Arbitrators of LAPS Financial Services Sector.
Efeito das variações de temperatura na expressão gênica no intestino médio de Aedes aegypti e suas implicações para a interação com Zika virus
Authors:   , Ferreira Priscila Gonçalves
Published: May 2022

The continuous discovery of new pathogens and the emergence of new transmission forms reveal a constant threat to public health. Added to that, climate change can to be an aggravating factor on pathogen transmission. Vector-borne infections represent a major public health challenge and however, we are only just beginning to understand the complexity underlying mosquito–pathogen interactions and how abiotic factors, as temperature affect these interactions. To understand better the temperature effects on vector physiology and its effects on mosquito-pathogen, we compared the transcriptome of mosquito midgut samples from mosquitoes exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) and non-exposed mosquitoes housed at three different temperatures (20, 28, and 36°C) during 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Initially, the quantification of viral RNA copy number does not show difference between 24 and 48 h post-exposure at 20°C, suggesting that ZIKV replication is limited by cold-induced changes to the mosquito midgut environment. Genes encoding proteins involved in blood digestion, ROS metabolism and mosquito immunity were the ones that showed the greatest change in expression at 20ºC. From these results, we hypothesize that temperature variation affects the blood digestion process, modulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the midgut. We show that temperature variation affects both the expression of genes involved in blood digestion and the rate of digestion. Additionally, due to temperature effects on ROS levels and the expression of antioxidant proteins in the midgut, lower temperatures (20°C) result in a longer state of oxidative stress when compared to other temperatures (28 and 36°C). Finally, alternative splicing events were investigate under different temperatures. Interestingly, among listed genes, we found Trypsin (TRY), Ferritin (FER), Thioredoxin (TRX) and Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC (PGRP-LC), genes previously shown to have their expression modulated by temperature. Our results reveal the physiological processes that are impacted by temperature variation and suggest how the immune response is modulated against Zika virus infection.Keywords: Aedes aegypti. Temperature. Zika virus. Transcriptome. Alternative Splicing.
Interleukin 18 in Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases and COVID-19
Authors: Nasonov E. L. , Avdeeva A. S.
Published: May 2022

Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs), based on the leading mechanisms of pathogenesis, are conditionally classified into autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and «mixed pattern». In the spectrum of cytokines involved in the development of the immunopathological process in IMRDs, the “pro-inflammatory” cytokine interleukin (IL) 18, a member of the IL-1 family, plays an important role in the regulation of T-helper (Th) 1-, Th2- and Th17- types of immune response that induces the synthesis of interferon (IFN) γ, other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The possibility of determining the concentration of IL-18 in IMRDs is discussed to improve diagnosis, identify subtypes of diseases, and predict the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. IL-18 is a promising target for anticytokine therapy, primarily in patients with high activity of inflammation associated with hyperactivation of innate immunity.
Phosphopenic form of osteomalacia in a patient with FGF23 producing tumor
Authors: Pushkareva A. S. , Bibik E. E. , Eremkina A. K. , Degtyarev M. V. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: May 2022

Oncogenic osteomalacia is an orphan disease caused by the overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in tumors, which leads to impaired bone matrix mineralization. Typical laboratory changes are hypophosphatemia, increased alkaline phosphatase, hyperphosphaturia, and decreased tubular phosphate reabsorption index. Surgery is the treatment of choice to eliminate an excessive production of FGF23. If surgical intervention is ineffective or impossible, preparations of phosphorus, calcium, vitamin D are prescribed. We present a clinical case of the stage-bystage diagnosis and treatment of the patient with chronic pain syndrome in the bones and multiple fractures.
Kazahsztán krízis után 2. : A kazah New Deal
Authors: Vasa László
Published: May 2022

A 2022. év eleji kazahsztáni erőszakos megmozdulások nem csupán az eliten belüli konfliktusra világítottak rá, hanem felszínre hozták a társadalom jelentős csoportjainak frusztráltságát, amely rövid távon a Covid alatt kialakult gazdasági helyzetre (csökkenő életszínvonal, áremelkedés, árfolyamgyengülés), hosszabb távon a politikai állapotokkal való elégedetlenségre, a bejelentett reformok elmaradására vezethető vissza. Tokajev elnök felismerte, hogy az események külső segítséggel történt pacifikálása már rövid távon sem elegendő a béke fenntartásához, ezért új nemzeti reformprogramot jelentett be, amely a politikai intézményeken kívül kiterjed a gazdaságra és egyes átláthatósági és összeférhetetlenségi kérdésekre is.
ÉTICA E EDUCAÇÃO NA VIDA COTIDIANA
Authors: Firme de Oliveira Carlos Alexandre , Oliveira Luana Pricila Vieira
Published: May 2022

A ética, por ser o conjunto de normas de conduta moral, comportamental, figura-se entre os pressupostos de grande circulação e amplamente salutar às convivências em sociedade, por estipular em linhas gerais de comportamentos morais, de valores, crenças, respeito, justiça, atitudes, conceitos, culturas, costumes, procedimentos desejados em todos os setores da organização sistemática civilizatória que vivemos, com a finalidade de normatizar e padronizar a conduta moral como certa e a imoral passiva de punições. Este estudo objetivou mostrar a importância dos preceitos éticos na educação e sua funcionalidade nas relações interpessoais para um melhor convívio social. Utilizou-se de revisão bibliográfica qualitativa para analisar referências de autores que abordam o assunto em foco. Foi apontado que, mesmo estudando autores clássicos a.c. versando sobre problemáticas de sua época, ainda hoje encontramos problemas referentes à ética e conduta moral comportamental das pessoas, ficando inviável, muitas vezes, proferir opiniões devido a interpretações alheias, julgando injustamente ou observando o caráter puramente sensacionalista de criar um clima de ódio, perseguição, punição e confusão no que se refere aos meios midiáticos, deixando as pessoas envolvidas em situação vulneráveis, moralmente prejudicadas, sendo portanto essencial usar ética em todos os campos humanos.
C1 Cubic Trigonometric Spline with a Shape Parameter for Positive Shape Preservation
Authors: Munir N. A. A. A , Hadi N. A. , Nasir M. A. S.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a new construction of C1 cubic trigonometric spline interpolation. Instead of repositioning control points, a shape parameter is introduced in the spline to control the shape and behaviour of the curves. The built basis functions fulfil all the geometric properties of the standard cubic Bezier curve, and the proof is included in this paper. Then, the interpolation of the spline is illustrated using suitable parameter values. Every curve segment comprises four successive control points with a cubic trigonometric spline that carries out all the curve properties. The result showed effective approximation since the developed C1 cubic trigonometric spline produced a smooth and pleasant interpolating curve while preserving the positive data features. The flexibility of the developed spline is compared with the other two existing works: b-spline and bezier-like curves. The analysis shows that the proposed spline gives greater flexibility since it has a broader parameter value range. Therefore, this helps the spline interpolation build opened and closed curves, as incorporated in the paper.Munir, N. A. A. A