bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community knowledge and attitude in recognizing asthma symptoms and using medication for asthma attacks: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Puspitasari Arina Dery , Prabawati Bindaria Mutmaina , Rosyid Alfian Nur
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Uncontrolled asthma may be life-threatening. Poor understanding of disease process and appropriate medication use appears to influence community attitude in facing asthmatic patients in an emergency, thereby contributing to increasing the risk of mortality. This study aimed to analyze community-level knowledge about asthma and attitude towards asthma management.

Methods

This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among the community in Gresik, Indonesia, from March to July 2019. Participants included in this study were adults, who could read, write, and communicate well. Data were collected through questionnaires to evaluate the level of knowledge and attitude towards asthma.

Results

In total, 100 respondents were selected with 91% of women, with a mean age of 49.11 ± 14.42 years and with various levels of education. The respondents had good knowledge by getting a score of 76%. Knowledge regarding recognition of asthma symptoms was scored the highest (83%). However, knowledge about medication use for asthma was lacking, especially in identifying the medicine choice (21%) and inhaler use (48%). The respondents also showed a ‘positive’ attitude with a score of 89%. Most respondents (72%) agreed that when inhaled drugs were unable to relieve the asthma attack, they need to bring the patient to a hospital.

Conclusions

The level of respondent’s knowledge in recognizing asthma symptoms was good, but there were misconceptions about asthma medication, especially in inhaler use. Overall, the respondents had a positive attitude towards asthma perception and management.
Secondary metabolite and antipyretic effects of Maja (Crescentia cujete L.) in fever-induced mice
Authors: Teodhora  , Sholikha Munawarohthus , Ania Asniatul , Maruya Kusuma Ika
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Fever is a condition when the body experiences an increase in average body temperature above normal level. Maja fruit (Crescentia cujete L.) contains chemical compounds including alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and terpenoid, suspected as potential antipyretics.

Methods

The study aimed to determine the antipyretic activity of ethanol extract of Maja fruit. A total of 25 male white mice of the DDY strain (20–30 g). These treatments divided into three groups with a dose extract of 125, 250, 500 mg/kg BW, standard groups of ibuprofen 400 mg/kg BW, and control groups of CMC-Na 1%. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 cc of DPT vaccine-induced. Observations were made by measuring the rectal temperatures of mice using a digital thermometer before DPT vaccine injected or average temperatures, at 0 min (after DPT vaccine injected), 60, 120, 180, and 240 min after administering the test material. The differences between the positive control group, test group, and the negative control group were compared using statistical analysis using one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). The results were considered statistically when the value is (p<0.05).

Results

The above phytochemical screening results showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins were present in the Maja fruit powder and extract (C. cujete L.). Based on the results of the statistical analysis obtained, i.e., Group II was not significantly different from Group III and Group IV (p≤0.05) and was significantly different from Group I and Group V. Group I was significantly different from Group II, Group III and Group IV and was not significantly different from Group V (p≥0.05).

Conclusions

The study showed that Maja fruit mice’s antipyretic behavior at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW was confirmed as a result in reducing the body temperature of male mice. The 500 mg/kg BW dosage of Maja fruit extract (C. cujete L) effectively reduced fever.
Shallot skin profilling, computational evaluation of physicochemical properties, ADMET, and molecular docking of its components against P2Y12 receptor
Authors: Ekowati Juni , Febriani Kholidah , Yaqin Itsna N. A. , Wulandari Adinda A. , Mulya Indra H. , Nofianti Kholis A. , Syahrani Achmad
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Medicinal plants are a source of many compounds that are useful in the pharmaceutical field for novel drug development. Polyphenols and the flavonoid group in plants are known to have several activities, such as relieving cardio vascular disease (CVD). The outer skin of the shallot which is disposed of as waste is known to have an antiplatelet activity which was tested in vitro assay. To date, there is no study reported on the ADMET profile and physicochemical properties of the active component of the shallot skins.

Methods

The extraction of shallot skins was conducted by ultrasonic irradiation using ethanol. The phytochemical screenings were carried out by TLC and color reaction. The profiling of its active ingredient was presented by GC-MS, HPLC and spectrophotometry UV–vis. Whereas their physicochemical properties were analyzed by ChemDraw 17.00 program and the ADMET predictions were studied using pkCSM online tool. The MVD program was operated in the docking study on protein P2Y12 (PDB ID 4PXZ).

Results

The extract showed the presence of polyphenol, flavonoids, quercetin, natalensine-3,5-dinitrobenzoate; bis[2-(2-fluorophenyl)-6-fluoroquinolin-4-yl]amine, benzo[a]heptalene, N-(trifluoroacetyl) methyl-N-deacethyl-colchicine. The ADMET prediction data displayed that the compounds in the extract have good absorption so that they can be used in the oral and transdermal routes. Some components in the extract have lower MDS than clopidogrel.

Conclusions

The ultrasonicated shallot skin extract can be used as additional resources of the active pharmaceutical ingredients and to have the potency to be developed as an oral or transdermal preparation.
Osteoblast iron genes: real time PCR and microarray hybridization approach under hyperoxia
Authors: Widiyanti Prihartini , Kuehn Hartmut , Soetjipto Soetjipto
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Iron is essential for cell growth, differentiation, electron transfer, and oxygen transport. Hyperoxia may increase the turnover of bone matrix components with a net effect of accelerated bone growth. Although hyperoxia was claimed could increase osteoblast activity, but expression level in possible genes which play role in proliferation is still unclear. This research aims to prove the differences of expression level of transferrin receptor gene and iron regulated transporter and other genes of 7F2 under 24 h normoxia, 24 h hyperoxia, and 48 h hyperoxia and the effect of hyperoxia by using osteoblast cell culture 7F2.

Methods

Reverse transcriptase, real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and microarray is used to qualitatively detect gene expression. The computer softwares such as National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) data base, Software Affymetrix, DNA Strider program, Genomatix – DiAlign program, Oligo 5.0 program (Software primer design) from Wojciech & Piotr Rychlik, and Genetyx-Mac version 8.0 have been used to analyze the PCR result.

Results

Under 24 h hyperoxia, there were 3,884 copies of transferrin receptor mRNA per 1,000,000 copies of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA. After 24 h hyperoxia, 8,325 copies of transferrin receptor mRNA per 1,000,000 GAPDH mRNA copies were found showing 2.1-fold up regulation. After 48 h hyperoxia, there was no significant increase at the level of expression of transferrin receptor mRNA, 8,079 mRNA copies per 1,000,000 copies of mRNA were found (2.0-fold up regulation compared with 24 h normoxia).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that hyperoxia might have an effect on upregulating the expression of some osteoblast genes which might have an impact on osteoblast activity.
Larvicidal toxicity and parasporal inclusion of native Bacillus thuringiensis BK5.2 against Aedes aegypti
Authors: Salamun  , Fatimah  , Fauzi Ahmad , Praduwana Seling N. , Ni’matuzahroh
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Native Bacillus thuringiensis BK5.2, isolated from soil of Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia, has been shown to be toxic against Aedes aegypti larvae. This study aims to determine the strength and the speed of the toxicity of B. thuringiensis BK5.2 against A. aegypti larvae in lethal concentration (LC) and lethal time (LT), as well as detection of toxin structure and parasporal inclusion.

Methods

LC values were determined by the mortality of A. aegypti third instar larvae after 24 and 48 h exposure to five various concentrations of B. thuringiensis BK5.2, while LT values were determined based on the mortality of A. aegypti third instar larvae due to exposure to LC90 concentration at 0; 0.5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 10; 20; 24; and 48 h. Larvicidal toxicity was determined based on value of LC50 and LC90 (CFU/mL), as well as LT50 and LT90 (hours) analysed ​​with Probit analysis. Parasporal inclusion was detected using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Results

Based on bioassay, LC50 and LC90 values ​​were 11.6 × 106 and 22.7 × 106 CFU/mL, respectively, at 24 h exposure, as well as 8.3 × 106 and 15.4 × 106 CFU/mL, respectively, at 48 h exposure, while the value of LT50 and LT90 were 19.0 and 26.6 h, respectively. Morphological observation of the dead larvae showed there was damage on abdomen and thorax region. Detection by TEM and SEM showed there was cuboidal parasporal inclusion.

Conclusions

Native B. thuringiensis BK5.2 has high toxicity against A. aegypti larvae and detected flatcuboidal toxin in parasporal inclusion.
The characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented food as potential probiotics
Authors: Fitriani Victoria Yulita , Suprapti Budi , Amin Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aims to determine the characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri from fermented soursop fruit juice and cow’s milk, respectively as probiotic candidate based on exposure to pH, bile salts, pathogenic bacteria, and antibiotics.

Methods

In vitro studies were conducted to examine the resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri in pH 2, 2.5, 3.2, and 7.2, resistance to bile salts, resistance to pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and antituberculosis antibiotics.

Results

Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri isolates remained unchanged (6.3 × 107 CFU/mL and 5.03 × 107 CFU/mL) at various acidic pH, and had a low survival rate in Ox gall 0.3% (bile salts). These isolates also showed antibacterial properties against pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. Both of these bacteria are quite safe to be used together with ofloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin, antibiotic for tuberculosis therapy.

Conclusions

The results showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri from fermented soursop fruit juice and cow’s milk respectively fulfilled the characteristics of probiotic and could potentially be used as adjunct therapy in tuberculosis drug-resistance.
Correlation of dietary iron intake and serum iron with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in adult hyperthyroid patients
Authors: Harjantini Utami , Retno Dewi Yulia Lanti , Hanim Diffah , Nurwati Ida
Published: July 2021

Objectives

National Baseline Health Research 2013 showed that there were 706,757 (0.4%) hyperthyroid patients in Indonesia. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by abnormal thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) which causes low TSH and high FT4 levels. Hyperthyroid patients have a decrease of serum iron levels due to acute phase reactions of hyperthyroidism. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between dietary iron intake and serum iron with TSH and FT4 levels in adult hyperthyroid patients.

Methods

This study was conducted in February–July 2020 at the Clinic of Magelang Health Research and Development Center. Sampling of this cross sectional study was based on inclusion criteria in order to obtain 50 adult hyperthyroid patients. Dietary iron intake was collected with 2 × 24 h dietary recall, serum iron was measured with colorimetric analysis, the levels of TSH and FT4 were measured by ELISA. The collected data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and multivariate linear regression with 95% confidence level.

Results

Deficiencies of dietary iron intake was found in 20 hyperthyroid patients (40%). Low serum iron levels were found in 10 hyperthyroid patients (20%). Spearman correlation analysis showed that dietary iron intake had a negative correlation with TSH (r=−0.294; p<0.05) but did not correlate with FT4 (r=−0.142; p>0.05), while serum iron didn’t associated with both TSH (r=0.110; p>0.05) and FT4 (r=0.142; p>0.05). Furthermore, regression analysis showed that dietary iron intake, serum iron, phytate, and thyrozol intake correlate with TSH levels (R square=0.193; p<0.05) and FT4 levels (R square=0.341; p<0.05), but there were no independent association between dietary iron intake and serum iron with TSH and FT4 levels (p>0.05).

Conclusions

Intake and serum of iron didn’t correlate with TSH and FT4 levels in adult hyperthyroid patients.
A study of anticoagulant therapy in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Puspitasari Arina D. , Salean Daniel Dwi Christiananta , Hasmono Didik , Hartono Rudy , Ardiana Meity
Published: July 2021

Objectives

One of the methods used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD) is anticoagulant therapy, which involves administering anticoagulants to patients that inhibit the arrangement and actuation of clotting factors. Anticoagulant therapy in patients with CAD must be monitored and evaluated because its greatest side effect is the risk of bleeding. The research aimed to analyze anticoagulants used in therapy for CAD patients and identify potential adverse drug reactions and adverse drug interactions.

Methods

This was an observational study which collected data retrospectively at Bhayangkara Hospital Surabaya. Patient data had to meet the requirements for inclusion, which were patients treated for a diagnosis of CAD with anticoagulant therapy and were in conditions with or without complications and comorbid diseases. Data were obtained from 40 patient medical records. The data were then processed descriptively.

Results

Most patients were male (80%) and aged 61–70 years old (37.5%). Fondaparinux was administered to 18 patients at a dose of 1 × 2.5 mg SC. Furthermore, enoxaparin was administered to 15 patients at a dose of 2 × 60 mg SC, and seven patients received warfarin at a dose of 1 × 2–4 mg per oral.

Conclusions

The anticoagulants used in this study were fondaparinux 1 × 2.5 mg SC (45%), enoxaparin 2 × 60 mg SC (37.5%), and warfarin 1 × 2–4 mg PO (17.5%). Side effects of the anticoagulants were absent. However, drug interactions with aspirin, clopidogrel, and allopurinol increased the risk of bleeding.
Developing pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics model of valproic acid syrup based on prediction of population pharmacokinetics parameter and seizure frequency in Indonesian pediatric epilepsy outpatients
Authors: Prawira Nata Nugraha I Komang , Purnamayanti Anita , Ngurah Made Suwarba I Gusti , Parfati Nani
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Valproic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug with known efficacy profile in pediatric patients, despite of its narrow therapeutic index. There is lack of VPA’s pharmacokinetics profile in Indonesian pediatric subjects, partly due to limited pediatric blood volume taken for conducting therapeutic drug monitoring. This study aimed to determine the correlation between VPA pharmacokinetics parameters based on population data and seizure frequency in pediatric epilepsy outpatients.

Methods

This observational study was conducted at Sanglah General Hospital during June–December 2019. The subjects of this research were 38 pediatric epilepsy patients who adhered to VPA syrup monotherapy for at least 3 weeks. Five subjects randomly selected for blood sample collection. Thus, VPA concentration level in the blood being analysed as a comparison to its concentration predicted from Yukawa’s steady state equation. Monolix2019R2® software was used to identify VPA population pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics (PK–PD) parameters at steady state level.

Results

Population PK–PD of VPA syrup at steady state level were ka_pop = 6.25/h, Vd_pop = 3.36 L, Cl_pop = 3.17·e−11 mL/min, IC50_pop = 1.85·e−6, correlation of Vd_pop and Cl_pop = 0.966. Kendall Tau Correlation of predicted VPA steady state concentration and frequency of seizure was −0.66. Mean prediction error between predicted steady state concentration of five subjects and their related blood levels was ≤25% and considered as within clinically acceptable limit.

Conclusions

It needs further study to develop best matched PK–PD model of VPA syrup at steady state condition in pediatric epilepsy.
Quercetin promotes behavioral recovery and biomolecular changes of melanocortin-4 receptor in mice with ischemic stroke
Authors: Ulya Tuhfatul , Ardianto Chrismawan , Anggreini Putri , Budiatin Aniek Setiya , Setyawan Dwi , Khotib Junaidi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Ischemic stroke is known as a common causes of disability, lower psychological well-being as well as preventable death. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke process becomes worse immediately after oxidative stress occurs. One of the flavonoids with antioxidant abilities is quercetin. This study was aimed to investigate quercetin administration on the behavioral functions (motor and sensory) and expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in mice with ischemic stroke.

Methods

Male ICR mice were divided into sham, stroke, stroke with quercetin 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. The stroke model was performed by blocking the left common carotid artery for 2 h. Quercetin was intraperitoneally administered daily for seven days. Evaluation was conducted during two weeks after induction using ladder rung walking test and narrow beam test for motoric function and adhesive removal tape test for sensory function. On day-14 mice were sacrificed, MC4R expression in the dorsal striatum was determined using RT-PCR.

Results

Stroke decreased the motor, sensory function and MC4R mRNA expression in dorsal striatum. Quercetin improved motor and sensory function, and upregulated expression of MC4R.

Conclusions

Quercetin administration after ischemic stroke improves behavioral function, possibly through the upregulation of MC4R in the brain.
Analytical method for the determination of curcumin entrapped in polymeric micellar powder using HPLC
Authors: Yusuf Helmy , Wijiani Nina , Rahmawati Rizka Arifa , Primaharinastiti Riesta , Rijal M. Agus Syamsur , Isadiartuti Dewi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Curcumin belongs to the family of curcuminoids, natural polyphenolic compounds that possesses neuroprotective properties, anti inflammatory and anticancer. Its entrapment in the developed casein-based micellar powder (CMP) and poloxamer-based micellar powder (PMP) was to enhance the solubility and improve the bioavailability. Henceforth, the present study aimed to acquire an efficient analytical method for the curcumin analysis in polymeric micellar formulations.

Methods

A fast and specific HPLC method was developed for analyzing curcumin in two different micellar matrices using casein and poloxamer. The HPLC was equipped with a C18 column (250 × 4 mm, 5 µm) and diode array detector. A designated isocratic elution of curcumin was employed using mobile phase with a composition of water (1%, v/v acetic acid) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 50:50 v/v. The employed flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the analyte was examined at 421 nm.

Results

An effective analysis in HPLC was successfully achieved by the predetermined HPLC condition. A good resolution of peaks at the employed flow rate was achieved. The linearity was excellent in two different range of concentrations, 2–20 and 10–50 μg/mL. The selectivity, accuracy and precision fulfilled the acceptable requirements.

Conclusions

The developed method was practically effective to qualitatively identified curcumin. In addition, the assay also effectively quantified the amount of curcumin in the polymeric entrapping matrices which demonstrates that it has great potential to be used in natural compound analysis.
Inhibition of Ras and STAT3 activity of 4-(tert-butyl)-N-carbamoylbenzamide as antiproliferative agent in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells
Authors: Kirtishanti Aguslina , Siswodihardjo Siswandono , Sudiana I Ketut , Suprabawati Desak G. A. , Dinaryanti Aristika
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-expressing breast cancer patients indicate poor prognosis in disease progression. HER2 overexpression can increase activities of Ras-mitogen activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK) pathway and Janus Kinase (JAK)-STAT3, increasing breast cancer cell proliferation as demonstrated by marker Ki67. Therapeutic options for HER2-expressing breast cancer are limited and have major side effects, so anticancer development as an antiproliferative is needed. From previous research, synthetic chemical 4-(tert-butyl)-N-carbamoylbenzamide (4TBCB) compound has cytotoxic activity in vitro on HER2-expressing breast cancer cells. This study wanted to determine the mechanism 4TBCB compound in inhibiting HER2 signaling through Rat Sarcoma (Ras) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells.

Methods

Breast cancer cells were isolated from the biopsy tissue of breast cancer patients. The isolated cells were cultured and given 4TBCB test compound with three concentrations (0.305, 0.61, and 1.22 mM) and lapatinib 0.05 mM as a comparison compound. Cancer cell cultures were stained with monoclonal antibodies phosphorylated HER2 (pHER2), phosphorylated Ras (pRas), phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), and Ki67. The expression of pHER2, pRas, pSTAT3, and Ki67 proteins was observed using the immunofluorescence method and the results were compared with control cells, namely cancer cells that were not given 4TBCB and lapatinib but stained with monoclonal antibodies.

Results

4TBCB compounds (0.61 and 1.22 mM) and lapatinib can reduce pHER2, pRas, pSTAT3, and Ki67 expressions compared to control cells.

Conclusions

4TBCB compounds (0.61 and 1.22 mM) can reduce pHER2, pRas, pSTAT3, Ki67 expressions and predicted to inhibit HER2 signaling through the Ras and STAT3 pathways in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells.
Analysis of prophylactic antibiotic use and risk factor of postoperative infection in urological surgery patients
Authors: Rokhani Ratri , Suharjono  , Kuntaman  , Akram Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The widespread use of inappropriate prophylactic antibiotics in urological surgery patients can increase the risk of resistance and development of postoperative infection. This study was aimed to analyze the quality of prophylactic antibiotics use and identify the risk factor of postoperative nosocomial infection in urological surgery patients.

Methods

Observational prospective data were obtained from patients’ medical records. Data were the pattern of prophylactic antibiotic use in surgical patients’ urology in Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Hospital, Pamekasan, for the period of April–June 2020. Inclusion criteria included patients hospitalized with urological surgery and received prophylactic antibiotics before surgery. Exclusion criteria consisted of medical records that were incomplete, and the patient disagreed to participate in the research. Analysis qualitative antibiotic prophylactic used the Gyssens method and risk factor used Chi square.

Results

Seventeen patients were not administered for antibiotic prophylactic and nine patients with skin incision were observed to determine the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) and 55 patients with urethral incision were observed to determine the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) postoperative. There was no incidence of SSI and there were three incidences of UTI. The qualitative analysis of the Gyssens method showed that category-0 was of 51 (79.7%) and category-I was of 13 (20.31%).

Conclusions

The quality of the use of prophylactic antibiotics with the Gyssens method shows that there is an appropriate category (category-0) and a few are in category-I (inappropriate administration time) and no incidence of surgical wound infection.
The Integration of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Prodrug Activation for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Shi Xiao’en , Zhang Xu , Zhang Xinlu , Guo Haizhen , Wang Sheng
Published: July 2021

The combination of chemotherapeutic drugs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can improve cancer treatment outcome. Many ROS-generation strategies can specifically consume tumor-inherent oxygen and generate ROS, resulting in amplified ROS level and aggravated hypoxia. Therefore, the ROS generation strategy can integrate with prodrug activation strategy to realize synergetic therapy. In recent years, stimuli-responsive nanomedicines have been developed to realize the integration of ROS generation and prodrug activation. Triggered by a stimulus, nanomedicines can generate ROS at the tumor site, which can further activate the release of active drugs. In this review, we will summarize the latest progress of these nanomedicines and discuss the perspectives and challenges.
“And I dedicate this win to…”
Authors: Douglas Kitrina
Published: July 2021

Arthur Bochner 1 wrote that even though he’d written about grief, he never really understood it until the death of his father. I suspect many of us recognize a truth in what he said. Often unannounced, death creeps like an unwelcome stain into our lives. I wonder how many of us are ready for it, and what narrative scripts are available to us at these times as we try to make sense and bring meaning to our loss. In sport, the path that I trod for my first occupation, the pervasiveness of the performance narrative means that following the death of a parent, an athlete is expected to continue with their sport, regardless of their pain and grief. “The show,” or that competition you trained so hard for, so the story goes, “must go on.” Within high performance sport the grief and loss experienced by well-known athletes seems also to provide an additional newsworthy opportunity for reporters and journalists to spice up their copy with stories of how “I did it for Dad.” But is winning the only way to represent or honor this relationship? And what of those athletes who never win? How do they honor their dead? Over the past twenty years, I have often drawn on my own experiences in professional sport to challenge the dominant performance narrative that frames winning as the only accepted and valued goal of the athlete. In this performance autoethnography I hope to extend my previous work by turning the spotlight on some of the ways the performance narrative frames how athletes and media alike represent grief and loss and what the father–child relationship means. My aim and purpose in this work is to contribute to the creation of counterstories and alternative narrative maps. Through creating such resources it may provide some athletes whose lives and experiences are currently disenfranchised or silenced, and I include myself in this group, a way to negotiate this difficult terrain in ways that are more authentic. In Mark Freeman’s terms, I seek to “break away” from this powerful monologue and sap its “coercive power.” 2
Suicide, Melancholia, and Manic Defense in Byron’s Manfred
Authors: Lansdown Richard
Published: July 2021

Richard Lansdown, “Suicide, Melancholia, and Manic Defense in Byron's Manfred” (pp. 1–32)

This essay presents a literary-critical account of Lord Byron’s verse drama Manfred (1817) from the perspective of Freudian and Object Relations psychological theories, in particular as regards the distinction between melancholia and mourning and the presence of part-objects within the psyche. It argues that whereas it is important to preserve a distinction between the poet and his works, such a distinction can never be total: like Childe Harold, Manfred is clearly in part a personal projection, given Byron’s state of mind at the time of composition. To provide context for these discussions the essay surveys both Byron’s personal views concerning suicide and the history of self-slaughter in Western culture, with Romanticism as a particular focus. The poet’s attitudes were many and various, depending on which cases he had in mind. Furthermore, the Romantic tradition initiated by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) and continued by Byron’s numerous treatments of suicide mark a complication of the attitudes we find voiced by Enlightenment philosophers and, indeed, by Sigmund Freud himself.
Kontrowersje w poezji Lucyny Skompskiej
Authors:   Instytut Badań Literackich, Polska Akademia Nauk w Warszawie, Misiak Iwona
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the potentiality which regulates or disturbs the flow of events in the poetry of Lucyna Skompska. The accidental character of events as well as the controversies demonstrating themselves in the book of poetry Farby wodne [water colours] resemble, on the one hand, the technique of water colours, and, on the other, point to a characteristic strand of Skompska’s works, which is attempting to show the possibility and impossibility. The most significant background for the reflections is the philosophy of Giorgio Agamben, who analyzes the conduct of Bratleby, a copyist from Melville’s short story. The scribe’s weakness morphs into an ambivalent literary experience, and the poems connote “dead letters” sent out to the world.
Przestrzeń utracona i tożsamość (nie)zbudowana. Świat wspomnień jako forma terapii tożsamościowej w Lidzie Aleksandra Jurewicza
Authors:   Wydział Filologiczny, Uniwersytet Gdański, Zdanowicz Aleksandra
Published: July 2021

The article offers an interpretation of Lida by Aleksander Jurewicz by examining the condition of a post-Yalta migrant, who cannot adjust to the new place. A detailed analysis of Jurewicz’s use of memories allows us to understand Lida as a form which, through literature, heals the relocation trauma and helps one to restore a cohesive sense of self. By referring to the concept of repressed memory of a traumatized melancholic, multiple repetitions and a sense of lost identity, the author demonstrates how important in this process is the ambivalent role of remembering and journaling. Both process place value on childhood as the crucial moment in the author’s life, but they also hinder the adjustment to the new space.
Origin of the European Ombudsman
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Zawadzki Paweł
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to set out the multiannual process for establishing the European Ombudsman's office and the reasons for its establishment. It presents the history of the first European Ombudsmen and the history of the European Communities from a legal perspective. The author goes back to the reasons for setting up the European Ombudsman's body, which were the lack of legitimacy in the European Union. The role of bodies such as the European Ombudsman is to ensure that citizens' rights are actually respected. The European Ombudsman strengthens the rule of law in the European Union and complements the role of the courts by providing a cheap, accessible individual remedy and, on the other hand, complements the representative function of the European Parliament by becoming the centre of independent critical assessment and improvement of the quality of European administration. The rule of law serves to maintain the EU system as a supranational system. It is the construction of the axis of integration. If there is a lack of trust in the community in this respect, it begins to be treated differently. It is therefore important that the European Ombudsman fulfils his Treaty obligations as a body of the European Union effectively.
Teacher Learning Management: Investigating Biology Teachersâ€™ TPACK to Conduct Learning During the Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Juanda A. , Shidiq A. S. , Nasrudin D.
Published: July 2021

Adaptation of new habits in many aspects of life, including education, is required amid the COVID-19 outbreak. Many countries, including Indonesia, suddenly implement online learning as a realization of social distancing policies. This sudden change in the learning system has become a challenge for teachers. They must be able to integrate technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge to conduct online learning well. Therefore, this study investigates the readiness of biology teachers to face online learning based on their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). The purposive survey method was used by distributing questionnaires and conducting online interviews. The questionnaire consists of 30 statements about the TPACK readiness of biology teachers and ten questions about the online learning process during the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 121 biology teachers in West Java, Indonesia, participated in this study. The findings indicate that biology teachers have sufficient TPACK skills in implementing online learning. However, their technological capabilities still need to be improved. The flexibility of place and time, availability of learning resources, and increased independence of teachers and students in using technology are the advantages of online biology learning during the COVID-19 outbreak. Meanwhile, the problems faced by teachers include technical connectivity and student honesty in taking exams in the implementation of online learning. The uncertainty of when the pandemic will end makes this study important to carry out for evaluation and potential improvement of online biology learning systems.
Increasing Creative Thinking of Students by Learning Organization with STEAM Education
Authors: Ahmad D. N. , Astriani M. M. , Alfahnum M. , Setyowati L.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the changes in learning between learning before using the STEAM method and learning after using the STEAM method. Where the researchers analyzed the process of student activities in learning, namely in the course of making learning media to determine the ability of students to think creatively in developing the students' knowledge. In obtaining research data, researchers used an assessment score reference instrument, where the final product assessment was assessed by subject lecturers, learning media expert lecturers, and linguistics (language) lecturers. To find out whether there is a change in the ability to think creatively in each learning process before and after learning, the researcher uses a hypothesis test using the t-test. To find out whether there is a change in ability positively, namely the ability to think creatively in each learning process before and after learning, the researcher uses a hypothesis test using the t-test to find out this. It can be seen from the increase in the average learning outcomes before and after with an increase in the difference of 2.26 from the average before using the STEAM method in learning, which is 78.26. The results of the analysis test explain that the learning method using STEAM in learning has a positive impact on learning where students experience a significant average increase before and after being given learning using the STEAM method by providing hands-on experience through the project work process.
Indonesian Curriculum Reform in Policy and Local Wisdom: Perspectives from Science Education
Authors: Suprapto N. , Prahani B. K. , Cheng T. H.
Published: July 2021

This article summarizes the issue of Indonesian curriculum reform in policy and local wisdom. The perspectives on science education influence the analysis and discussions. This paper is part of a position paper (PP) in which the writers tailored their ideas based on their experiences and literature review. The views regarding curriculum policy, science local wisdom, and ethnoscience were developed based on theoretical and empirical literature regarding these issues. The discussion is divided into five parts: curriculum policy and policy borrowing, philosophy of Indonesian local wisdom, cultural-based learning, science local wisdom and ethnoscience, and policy borrowing versus local wisdom. The significance of the results gives a view to the government, academicians, policymakers, and educational communities.
Determination of Gender Differential Item Functioning in Tegal Students' Scientific Literacy Skills with Integrated Science (SLiSIS) Test Using Rasch Model
Authors: Susongko P. , Arfiani Y. , Kusuma M.
Published: July 2021

The emergence of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) indicates an external bias in an item. This study aims to identify items at scientific literacy skills with integrated science (SLiSIS) test that experience DIF based on gender. Moreover, it is analyzed the emergence of DIF, especially related to the test construct measured, and concluded on how far the validity of the SLiSIS test from the construct validity of consequential type. The study was conducted with a quantitative approach by using a survey or non-experimental methods. The samples of this study were the responses of the SLiSIS test taken from 310 eleventh-grade high school students in the science program from SMA 2 and SMA 3 Tegal. The DIF analysis technique used Wald Test with the Rasch model. From the findings, eight items contained DIF in a 95 % level of trust. In 99 % level of trust, three items contained DIF, items 1, 6, and 38 or 7%. The DIF is caused by differences in test-takers ability following the measured construct, so it is not a test bias. Thus, the emergence of DIF on SLiSIS test items does not threaten the construct validity of the consequential type.
Analysis of Students' Critical Thinking Skills in terms of Gender Using Science Teaching Materials Based on The 5E Learning Cycle Integrated with Local Wisdom
Authors: Ramdani A. , Jufri A. W. , Gunawan G. , Fahrurrozi M. , Yustiqvar M.
Published: July 2021

Critical thinking is an important thing in building learners' knowledge. Students who have these skills will be able to solve problems effectively. This study examines the effect of science teaching materials based on the 5E learning cycle integrated with local wisdom in terms of gender on students' critical thinking skills. This quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test control group design was carried out at Madrasah Tsanawiyah. Purposive sampling was used to select the research sample, including an experiment and a control group of equal ability between male and female students. The data were analyzed using a t-test and N-gain test to determine the improvement of critical thinking skills in both groups. The results showed that this teaching material affected students' critical thinking skills by the results of the t-test. The difference in the improvement of students' critical thinking skills is significant based on the result of N-gain and categorized as high. Students become more critical in solving problems after study using 5E integrated by local wisdom. The result shows an impact of this teaching material on first to fourth indicators of critical thinking skills. The fifth indicator is not affected by this teaching material because of students' weakness in elaborate the solution. There were also significant differences in the improvement of male and female students' critical thinking skills. One of them is that male students have a quicker response and higher self-confidence than female students in solving the problems. Based on this result, we conclude that applying science teaching material with 5E integrated by local wisdom positively affects students' critical thinking skills.
Science Education in the Family Environment with the Experimental Method of Facial Cosmetics Plant Fertilization in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Nursetiawati S. , Josua D. P. , Atmanto D. , Oktaviani F. , Fardani A. L.
Published: July 2021

The physical and non-physical family environment is one of the most critical factors in student learning outcomes. This research was assessed using a mixed-method descriptive qualitative and quantitative method to see how the family environment, both physical and non-physical, with experimental science learning was conducted on 60 Junior High School students. The requirements of the respondents in this study were 30 open school students and 30 non-open school students. The results showed that: (a) family involvement motivates students when conducting experiments; (b) the feasibility of the physical environment of the family allows students to complete the experiment of making simple liquid fertilizers to the application of these fertilizers to cosmetic plants, (c) students can complete the experiment by giving directions to the online method because of the high involvement family in the learning process. Other studies state that the family environment in the form of parents â€˜expectations of studentsâ€™ future careers in science is the main reason for high family participation in the experimental process to provide maximum student experimental results. In conclusion, the familyâ€™s physical and non-physical environment dramatically determines and encourages students to optimize experimental science learning methods so that science education applied during the Covid-19 pandemic by studying at home can be continued and carried out experimentally. The New Normal Education Model through online and non-online methods for science learning can still be done at home, with the involvement of the familyâ€™s physical and non-physical environments that support students to complete experiment-based science learning projects. Independent learning in junior high school students can also be done by providing direct control between educators and the studentsâ€™ non-physical environment, namely parents, to remain motivated.
Perfiles gerontomigratorios
Authors: Durán Muñoz Rafael
Published: July 2021

España no solo ha pasado de ser un país de emigración a serlo de inmigración. También se ha transformado su dimensión gerontomigratoria. En esta comunicación se concretan los perfiles de residentes mayores y extranjeros que ofrece el país en paralelo al de ser lugar europeo de retiro. Tener conocimiento de su existencia y ser conscientes de la evolución cuantitativa que han experimentado en el tiempo contribuye a una mejor previsión en el diseño de políticas públicas, de las sociales en particular.
Primary non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the lacrimal sac: a rare case of aggressive tumor and literature review
Authors: Malzone Maria Gabriella , Di Meglio Marzio , Furgiuele Dario , Galantuomo Nicola , Alfano Sabrina , Mossetti Gennaro
Published: July 2021

Primary malignant lymphomas of the lacrimal sac are rare neoplasms. They are mainly B-cell lymphoma with nonspecific and atypical symptoms, which can lead to misdiagnosis and a delay in the appropriate cure. Early diagnosis made by biopsy and the right choice of treatments can increase the chance of survival. We report a case of a non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the lacrimal sac, involving also the drainage system, in a 77-year-old female. She presented with an epiphora, swelling and a heavy visual impairment at the left eye successfully treated with cycles of polychemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Foreign Consuls in the Ukrainian SSR (1919-1922)
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Matiash Iryna
Published: July 2021

The article describes the basic forms and problems of foreign consuls’ activities in Kyiv and «Soviet capital» Kharkiv in February 1919 – December 1922. We surveyed historiography (works by Hisem O.V., Kiladze S., Kupchyk O.V., Danylenko O.V., Netreba Y.B., Sokyrska V.V. etc.) and a wide range of sources concerning activities of foreign missions in Ukraine. The main forms and methods of foreign consulates’ activities in the Ukrainian SSR were surveyed, peculiarities of their functioning were outlined, personnel of the consular institutions and a role of their management in formation of consular relations with the Ukrainian SSR and an influence on building its foreign relations were determined. We characterized the personalities of the foreign consuls who represented Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Persia and other countries in Soviet Ukraine (Dubynskyi V., Mir-Tagiev J., Tsahareli K., Shumun Bit etc.). Indicated on the nationalization of foreign consulates’ buildings by the Soviet authorities. Nature of the activities of Chinese mission, mission of Assyrian National Delegation in the RSFSR and «a Brazilian consul earl Alberto Pirro» was also highlighted. On the basis of archival information we investigated features of the interaction of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the USSR to the foreign missions and actions of the USSR General Political Governance corcerning registration of foreigners. It has been shown that the foreign missions used the services of the Bureau for Foreign Missions Services concerning providing people with food provision and dwelling. We found differences in the organization of the consular corps in the era of the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Soviet regime. Regulations on the status of foreign nationals in the Ukrainian SSR were considered, and the role of the foreign consuls in ensuring contacts of the citizens of their states with the Soviet authorities was highlighted. It was proved that foreign consuls in the Ukrainian SSR were victims of repressive bodies.
The 1956 Hungarian Revolution in Ukrainian Historiography and Memoirs
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vidnyanskyj Stepan
Published: July 2021

The article deals with Ukrainian historians’ scholarly contributions to investigate the events of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, as well as the reflection of these historical and at the same time tragic events in memoir literature. The influence on the Ukrainian historical science of a new stage in the development of Hungarian and Russian historiographies of the 1956 October Revolution, which began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, is noted. Among the studies of domestic historians, the author highlights the monographs of I.Korol’, V.Luschaj and R.Pyliavets’, publications about echoes of the 1956 Hungarian events in Transcarpathia, as well as memoirs of the Ukrainian public-political and cultural figure, dissident and human rights activist L.Taniuk.
The 1956 Hungarian Revolution and the Ukrainian Protest Movement
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bazhan Oleh
Published: July 2021

On the basis of archival materials, first of all documents of the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine and the Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine, the author analyzed the reaction of the Ukrainian society to events of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. The article emphasizes the intensification of anti-Soviet sentiments among different groups of the Ukrainian population, expressing solidarity with the Hungarian rebels. The author focuses on the dissemination of protest actions in Transcarpathia, as well as among Hungarian students in Kyiv, Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovs’k.