bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity enhancement of a single-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer by sensitizing its interference length
Authors: Subhashree Ojha N. N. , Kumar Ashish , Kumar Naveen
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a simple and novel, to the best of our knowledge, methodology towards enhancement of the refractive index sensitivity of the single-fiber (SF) Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration, post-fabrication, over a relatively large range from 1.3344 RIU to 1.4532 RIU. A SF-MZI configuration, fabricated indigenously by non-adiabatic tapering of the silica fiber at two places separated by a distance of

∼

3.6

c
m

, is sensitized with induced birefringence by keeping weights on its interference region. By sensitizing the configuration, its refractive index (RI) sensitivity is enhanced from 20.24 nm/RIU to 84.68 nm/RIU, post-fabrication, validating the theoretical predictions. The proposed process for enhancing the RI sensitivity of the SF-MZI, presented for the first time, shall be useful for many applications.
Accelerating multicolor spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy using deep learning
Authors: Kumar Gaire Sunil , Zhang Yang , Li Hongyu , Yu Ray , Zhang Hao F. , Ying Leslie
Published: April 2020

Spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (sSMLM) simultaneously provides spatial localization and spectral information of individual single-molecules emission, offering multicolor super-resolution imaging of multiple molecules in a single sample with the nanoscopic resolution. However, this technique is limited by the requirements of acquiring a large number of frames to reconstruct a super-resolution image. In addition, multicolor sSMLM imaging suffers from spectral cross-talk while using multiple dyes with relatively broad spectral bands that produce cross-color contamination. Here, we present a computational strategy to accelerate multicolor sSMLM imaging. Our method uses deep convolution neural networks to reconstruct high-density multicolor super-resolution images from low-density, contaminated multicolor images rendered using sSMLM datasets with much fewer frames, without compromising spatial resolution. High-quality, super-resolution images are reconstructed using up to 8-fold fewer frames than usually needed. Thus, our technique generates multicolor super-resolution images within a much shorter time, without any changes in the existing sSMLM hardware system. Two-color and three-color sSMLM experimental results demonstrate superior reconstructions of tubulin/mitochondria, peroxisome/mitochondria, and tubulin/mitochondria/peroxisome in fixed COS-7 and U2-OS cells with a significant reduction in acquisition time.
Wavelength attack recognition based on machine learning optical spectrum analysis for the practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution system
Authors: He Zhe , Wang Yijun , Huang Duan
Published: April 2020

The imperfect devices in the practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) system leave security loopholes that an eavesdropper may exploit. For example, the wavelength attacks can be implemented successfully by utilizing the wavelength-dependent properties of beam splitters (BSs). Eliminating the potential and existing security loopholes is essential for the practical CVQKD system. In this paper, an intelligent monitoring technology based on optical spectrum analysis is proposed for the practical CVQKD system. Through the machine learning-based optical spectrum analysis technique, an abnormal optical spectrum signal can be detected automatically by using the linear discriminant analysis support vector machine (LDA-SVM) algorithm, so as to realize attack detection and intelligent monitoring of the system. Simulation and experimental results show that the original spectral data and the abnormal spectral data after the attack can be accurately identified by the LDA-SVM algorithm, and the trained model can well resist the wavelength attacks.
Enhanced measurement of microwave electric fields with collective Rabi splitting
Authors: Yang Aihong , Zhou Wenpeng , Zhao Shucai , Xu Yan , Jelezko Fedor , Li Yuxia , Peng Yandong
Published: April 2020

The collective effects of intracavity Rydberg atoms are investigated and proposed to detect microwave (MW) electric (E) fields with collective Rabi splitting (CRS). When a cavity field drives atoms from ground states to their excited states and a control field further drives them to Rydberg states where a MW field couples Rydberg states, the cavity transmission exhibits a four-peak characteristic, and two side peaks represent the CRS. It is interesting to find that the frequency splitting of CRS changes linearly with the MW-field strength, which can be used to probe MW E-field strength. In the strong coupling regime, the collective effect of Rydberg atoms broadens the CRS peak distance and could improve the detection sensitivity by about 7 times under the given conditions, compared with the common electromagnetically induced transparency scheme. The effects of atomic density and control-field strength on the CRS spectrum are also discussed.
560 nm InGaN micro-LEDs on low-defect-density and scalable (20-21) semipolar GaN on patterned sapphire substrates
Authors: Khoury Michel , Li Hongjian , Bonef Bastien , Mates Tom , Wu Feng , Li Panpan , Wong Matthew S. , Zhang Haojun , Song Jie , Choi Joown , Speck James S. , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven P.
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate InGaN-based semipolar 560 nm micro-light-emitting diodes with 2.5% EQE on high-quality and low-defect-density (20-21) GaN templates grown on scalable and low-cost sapphire substrates. Through transmission electron microscopy observations, we discuss how the management of misfit dislocations and their confinement in areas away from the active light-emitting region is necessary for improving device performance. We also discuss how the patterning of semipolar GaN on sapphire influences material properties in terms of surface roughness and undesired faceting in addition to indium segregation at the proximity of defected areas.
Heterogeneous photodiodes on silicon nitride waveguides
Authors: Yu Qianhuan , Gao Junyi , Ye Nan , Chen Baiheng , Sun Keye , Xie Linli , Srinivasan Kartik , Zervas Michael , Navickaite Gabriele , Geiselmann Michael , Beling Andreas
Published: April 2020

Heterogeneous integration through low-temperature die bonding is a promising technique to enable high-performance III-V photodetectors on the silicon nitride (Si3N4) photonic platform. Here we demonstrate InGaAs/InP modified uni-traveling carrier photodiodes on Si3N4 waveguides with 20 nA dark current, 20 GHz bandwidth, and record-high external (internal) responsivities of 0.8 A/W (0.94 A/W) and 0.33 A/W (0.83 A/W) at 1550 nm and 1064 nm, respectively. Open eye diagrams at 40 Gbit/s are demonstrated. Balanced photodiodes of this type reach 10 GHz bandwidth with over 40 dB common mode rejection ratio.
Single-pulse, Kerr-effect Mueller matrix LiDAR polarimeter
Authors: Keyser Christian K. , Martin Richard K. , Lopez-Aviles Helena , Nguyen Khanh , Adams Arielle M. , Christodoulides Demetrios
Published: April 2020

We present a novel light detection and ranging (LiDAR) polarimeter that enables measurement of 12 of 16 sample Mueller matrix elements in a single, 10 ns pulse. The new polarization state generator (PSG) leverages Kerr phase modulation in a birefringent optical fiber, creating a probe pulse characterized by temporally varying polarization. Theoretical expressions for the Polarization State Generator (PSG) Stokes vector are derived for birefringent walk-off and no walk-off and incorporated into a time-dependent polarimeter signal model employing multiple polarization state analyzers (PSA). Polarimeter modeling compares the Kerr effect and electro-optic phase modulator–based PSG using a single Polarization State Analyzer (PSA) and a scattering sample yielding similarly good performance for both. We include results from an experimental demonstration of the Kerr effect PSG.
Passively synchronized mode-locked fiber lasers for coherent anti-Stokes Raman imaging
Authors: Yang Kangwen , Shen Yue , Ao Jianpeng , Zheng Shikai , Hao Qiang , Huang Kun , Ji Minbiao , Zeng Heping
Published: April 2020

We have proposed and implemented a polarization-maintaining passively synchronized fiber laser system, which could deliver tunable dual-color picosecond pulses by including a frequency-doubling module and a spectral broadening module. Specifically, the output from the involved Er-doped fiber laser were used to generate second-harmonic pulses at 790 nm with a quadratic nonlinear crystal. In parallel, the amplified pulses from the synchronized Yb-doped fiber laser were launched into a 150-m single mode fiber, which resulted in not only substantial spectral bandwidth broadening from 0.1 to 20.1 nm, but also a significant Raman-induced signal around 1080 nm. Consequently, narrow spectra from 1018-1051 nm and 1070-1095 nm could be continuously tuned via a tunable bandpass filter, corresponding to Raman bonds from 2835-3143 cm−1 and 3312-3525 cm−1. Finally, the achieved tunable synchronized pulses enabled us to microscopically examine mouse ear samples based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman and second harmonic generation imaging. Therefore, our tunable passively-synchronized fiber laser system would be promising to provide a simple and compact laser source for subsequent coherent Raman microscopy.
Fast calculation method with saccade suppression for a computer-generated hologram based on Fresnel zone plate limitation
Authors: Wei Lingjie , Okuyama Fumio , Sakamoto Yuji
Published: April 2020

The computer-generated hologram (CGH) is an ideal 3D technology that can satisfy all the physiological factors of the human eye (such as binocular parallax, focus adjustment and convergence etc.) by simulating the recording part of traditional optical holography with a computer. CGH has a lot of advantages such as being able to be used for animation. However, it also has many disadvantages, and one of them is the large amount of calculation. A saccade is one of a very rapid movement of human eye, and also, it is an ability of the eye to quickly and accurately move from one target to another. This is very critical for reading and involves very precise and specific eye movements. Saccades normally happen at a frequency of 2 - 8 times per second in daily life without our being conscious, and their peak angular speed can reach 900 degrees/second. However, saccades can also be initiated by an expected stimulus such as looking from one object to another, and they last from 20 - 200 ms depending on their amplitude. In addition, our visual information is suppressed while saccade occurs. In this paper, to realize the fast calculation of CGHs, a new method is proposed that uses saccades to reduce the amount of CGH calculation without any negative effects on observers viewing CGH reconstruction images. We increased high-speed calculation by at least 4 times through Fresnel zone plate limitation and 4.64 times through saccade suppression.
Degenerated look-up table–based perturbative fiber nonlinearity compensation algorithm for probabilistically shaped signals
Authors: Wu Yiwen , Lun Huazhi , Fu Mengfan , Zeng Xiaobo , Liu Xiaomin , Liu Qiaoya , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng , Zhuge Qunbi
Published: April 2020

A degenerated look-up table–based perturbative nonlinearity compensation (DLUT-PNC) algorithm is proposed to compensate for intra-channel fiber nonlinearity. It can flexibly optimize the implementation complexity for probabilistically shaped (PS) signals with different shaping rates. In addition, we propose a homomorphic DLUT-PNC (HDLUT-PNC) scheme to further reduce the complexity. In simulations with a transmission distance of 1200-km for 70-GBaud PS-16QAM signals, both the performances of the DLUT-PNC and HDLUT-PNC are investigated and compared. The HDLUT-PNC scheme significantly reduces the table’s input size, number of look-up operations and number of complex multipliers compared to the DLUT-PNC. Moreover, we also numerically investigate 56-Gbaud PS-32QAM signals with a transmission distance of 800-km, and the results are similar. Finally, the performance is verified in experiments for PS-16QAM signals with a transmission distance of 432-km.
Spear Phishing 2.0: Wie automatisierte Angriffe Organisationen vor neue Herausforderungen stellen
Authors: Franz Anjuli , Benlian Alexander
Published: April 2020

Vom ursprünglichen „Phishing = Passwort + Fishing“ wandelt sich das Angriffsmuster durch neue Technologien zum boomenden Geschäftsmodell der cyberkriminellen Szene. Schadsoftware wie „Emotet“ zeigt, dass automatisierte Spear Phishing-Angriffe Realität geworden sind und immense Schäden verursachen. Der Mitarbeiter rückt damit in den Fokus von IT-Sicherheitsmaßnahmen. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, einen Rundumblick zur aktuellen und zukünftigen Bedrohungslage durch Spear Phishing zu geben und konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen abzuleiten. Zur Messung der Security Awareness im organisatorischen Umfeld wird die Kennzahl „Employee Security Index“ vorgestellt, welche das Sicherheitsbewusstsein von Mitarbeitern gegenüber Phishing-Angriffen standardisiert messbar macht. Es wurde ein Feldexperiment in einer deutschen Organisation durchgeführt, um die Verwundbarkeit der Belegschaft gegenüber Spear Phishing und die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Trainingsmaßnahmen zu untersuchen. Die erhobenen Daten werden mithilfe des „Employee Security Index“ bewertet. Insgesamt verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse, dass neben technischen und organisatorischen Schutzmaßnahmen sowohl eine Schulung der Mitarbeiter als auch ein Umdenken nutzerverbundener Prozesse unabdingbar ist.
Closed doors, empty desks: The declining material conditions of the Czech local print newsroom
Authors: Metyková Monika , Císařová Lenka Waschková
Published: April 2020

The crisis of journalism has been the subject of extensive scholarly and public debate. We argue that this debate needs to focus on actual developments on the ground that may be specific for a given society and that have serious consequences for the material conditions of journalists' work. We focus specifically on local print newsrooms in the Czech Republic, one of the 'new democracies' of Eastern Europe. We interviewed local journalists in middle-management positions at key stages of the transformation of the local newspaper publishing group Vltava Labe Press (VLP). We first approached journalists in 2015 when VLP's German owners – the publishing house Verlagsgruppe Passau – sold the company to the Slovak investment group Penta and followed up a year later when the 're-structuralization' of the local newspaper publisher was completed. It is not surprising that our case study demonstrates that commercial pressures impact directly on the material conditions and the locations and spaces of journalists' work, with the latter ones representing areas that form a crucial part of workplace autonomy, but have thus far been under-researched.
Notas sobre la Edad del Bronce en El Andévalo (Huelva, España)
Authors: Macías Juan Aurelio Pérez , Forte Rubén Macías , Vázquez Manuel Rabadán
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se dan a conocer una serie de nuevos hábitats fortificados de la Edad del Bronce en la comarca onubense de El Andévalo. Se concluye haciendo una diferenciación en la delimitación de este territorio, las zonas que se encuentran dentro de la Zona Geológica Surportuguesa, donde son abundantes los recursos minerales (Faja Pirítica Ibérica) y aquéllas otras que pertenecen a la Unidad Pulo do Lobo (Formación Pulo do Lobo), donde no existen recursos mineros. En la primera zona predomina un poblamiento que se concentra asentamientos fortificados que están acompañados de grandes recintos fortificados sin evidencias de asentamiento, en sectores donde abundan las mineralizaciones ricas en carbonatos de cobre. En la segunda, sin ninguna vocación minera, el hábitat sigue siendo en altura, pero no se encuentran señales de fortificaciones, y por su cultura material se relacionan con los poblados del Bronce Final del Alentejo (Portugal).
Vestígios de ocupação histórica num sítio pré-histórico. Materiais romanos e tardo-antigos do Castelo Velho de Freixo de Numão
Authors: Silva António Manuel S. P.
Published: April 2020

Durante as escavações arqueológicas realizadas no recinto monumental de Castelo Velho (Freixo de Numão, Vila Nova de Foz Côa), utilizado durante o terceiro e segundo milénios a.C., identificaram-se alguns objetos arqueológicos de cronologia histórica. O artigo apresenta e estuda uma parte desse conjunto, constituída por itens metálicos e fragmentos de cerâmica doméstica e de construção, discutindo a sua cronologia, que pode variar entre a época da ocupação romana e a Idade Média, e relação com os contextos arqueológicos de onde provêm.
SOME REFLEXIONS ABOUT THE FRENCH AND “FRENCH-STYLE” IN ARCHITECTURE IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA IN THE TRANSITION FROM THE MEDIAEVAL TO THE MODERN ERA
Authors: Vaz Ana Margarida , Fernández Javier Ibáñez
Published: April 2020

The uninterrupted circulation of artists, works and models from one side to the other of the Pyrenees throughout the Middle Ages and most part of the Modern Age, and the dynamic and dialectic relationships generated by these flows both in their places of origin and in the receiving places finally allowed the appearance of extremely rich and interesting phenomena. These episodes, result of multiple contributions, interactions and transfers, not only don’t reflect the geography of the nations of modern Europe, but also don’t seem to follow the usual stylistic taxonomies and periodizations. Trying to transcend all these coordinates, we aim to analyse the phenomenon whose protagonists were the stonemasons and cravers who crossed the Pyrenees in order to work in the Iberian Peninsula throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, paying special attention to how it was perceived by the ones who witnessed its genesis and evolution.
LA APORTACIÓN DE LOS ENTALLADORES SEPTENTRIONALES A LOS COROS ESPAÑOLES DE FINALES DEL GÓTICO Y COMIENZOS DEL RENACIMIENTO
Authors: Vaz Ana Margarida , Bote María Teresa Rodríguez
Published: April 2020

Una ingente cantidad de coros españoles, fechables entre las últimas décadas del siglo XV y a lo largo del XVI, fueron ejecutados por artistas foráneos o, al menos, contaron con una amplia participación de artistas exógenos. Todas estas obras talladas por maestros extranjeros del norte de Europa demuestran el papel crucial que desempeñaron en el desarrollo de novedades estilísticas, difusión de modelos, comunicación e intercambios entre talleres y artistas a lo largo y ancho del continente europeo, a la vez que contribuían a la vanguardia escultórica española. Por tanto, es nuestro interés examinar estas sillerías hechas a finales de la Edad Media y albores de la Edad Moderna, enmarcadas dentro de un contexto de movilidad internacional.
Age-related functional changes of total thyroid hormones and glycosaminoglycans in growing calves
Authors: Medica Pietro , Cravana Cristina , Ferlazzo Alida Maria , Fazio Esterina
Published: April 2020

Background and Aim: During the physiological growing, thyroid and proteoglycan glycosaminoglycan (GAG) changes dynamically occur, according to genetic and non-genetic factors. The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of early postnatal development (10 days) until 210 days of life on the triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), the relative T4:T3 ratio, and GAGs profile, and to define the different reference intervals of the calf's development through the various growing phases.

Materials and Methods: The effect of growing on total thyroid hormones and GAG profiles was studied from 10 days to 210 days of age in 64 clinically healthy Brown calves, 30 males and 34 females. Blood samples were collected at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 days of age.

Results: The results showed a significant effect of a calf's growth on T3, T4, and GAG values (p<0.0001). Significant correlations between T3 and T4 were observed. Compared to the previous time point, T3 showed a significant decrease at 20 days and at 60 days (p<0.01), while a significant increase was observed at 90 days and 210 days (p<0.05); T4 showed a significant decrease at 20 days (p<0.01), while significant increases were observed at both 180 days and 210 days (p<0.05); GAGs showed a significant increase at 120 days and 210 days (p<0.05). Positive and significant correlations between BW and GAGs in both males (p<0.0057) and females (p<0.0059) were observed.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the highest T3 and T4 concentrations have been associated with the early growing process (10 days), with an increasing trend also at 210 days, it is possible to hypothesize a probable metabolic effect of thyroid function in anabolic and/or catabolic directions during the calves' development. Likewise, it can be reasonably inferred that the highest plasma GAGs at 210 days may be due to their metabolic role during the development of growing calves. Taken together, these findings suggest the potential and relative contribution made by thyroid and GAGs effects on the dynamics of growing calves.
Digestive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients With Mild Disease Severity: Clinical Presentation, Stool Viral RNA Testing, and Outcomes
Authors: Han Chaoqun , Duan Caihan , Zhang Shengyan , Spiegel Brennan , Shi Huiying , Wang Weijun , Zhang Lei , Lin Rong , Liu Jun , Ding Zhen , Hou Xiaohua
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) most commonly presents with respiratory symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, and sore throat. However, digestive symptoms also occur in patients with COVID-19 and are often described in outpatients with less severe disease. In this study, we sought to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms and mild disease severity.

METHODS:

We identified COVID-19 patients with mild disease and one or more digestive symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting), with or without respiratory symptoms, and compared them with a group presenting solely with respiratory symptoms. We followed up patients clinically until they tested negative for COVID-19 on at least 2 sequential respiratory tract specimens collected ≥24 hours apart. We then compared the clinical features between those with digestive symptoms and those with respiratory symptoms.

RESULTS:

There were 206 patients with low severity COVID-19, including 48 presenting with a digestive symptom alone, 69 with both digestive and respiratory symptoms, and 89 with respiratory symptoms alone. Between the 2 groups with digestive symptoms, 67 presented with diarrhea, of whom 19.4% experienced diarrhea as the first symptom in their illness course. The diarrhea lasted from 1 to 14 days, with an average duration of 5.4 ± 3.1 days and a frequency of 4.3 ± 2.2 bowel movements per day. Concurrent fever was found in 62.4% of patients with a digestive symptom. Patients with digestive symptoms presented for care later than those with respiratory symptoms (16.0 ± 7.7 vs 11.6 ± 5.1 days, P < 0.001). Nevertheless, patients with digestive symptoms had a longer duration between symptom onset and viral clearance (P < 0.001) and were more likely to be fecal virus positive (73.3% vs 14.3%, P = 0.033) than those with respiratory symptoms.

DISCUSSION:

We describe a unique subgroup of COVID-19 patients with mild disease severity marked by the presence of digestive symptoms. These patients are more likely to test positive for viral RNA in stool, to have a longer delay before viral clearance, and to experience delayed diagnosis compared with patients with only respiratory symptoms.
Técnica y tratamiento en psicoanálisis. Una postura epistemológica
Authors: Bareiro Julieta
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo parte de nuestra reflexión acerca de la tesis que Paul Ricoeur expone en su libro Freud. Una interpretación de la cultura, reflexión que se centra sólo en un aspecto del estatuto del psicoanálisis, a saber, en la caracterización que Ricoeur hace de la especificidad del mismo y su distinción radical de la fenomenología. A partir de allí, intentaremos mostrar que la recepción del psicoanálisis de Freud en Winnicott produjo un desplazamiento epistemológico cuando dejó de lado el concepto de técnica y lo reemplazó por la noción de tratamiento. Por ello, a nuestro juicio, desde el interior del pensamiento de Winnicott se torna necesario pensar nuevamente las relaciones epistemológicas entre fenomenología y psicoanálisis.
Gramática del ethos y comunidad ética en Julio de Zan
Authors: Crelier Andrés
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo realiza una reconstrucción de la filosofía práctica de Julio De Zan poniendo de relieve su filiación kantiana y deteniéndose en cuatro momentos teóricos. En primer lugar, se presenta la noción de una “gramática del ethos”, mediante la cual De Zan presenta –siguiendo a Kant– los aspectos formales de su perspectiva. En segundo lugar, se discute el modo en que De Zan toma en cuenta las críticas a Kant desde la filosofía hegeliana, y el modo en que propone superar esas críticas. En tercer lugar, se examina a la ética discursiva como una actualización válida –según este autor– del pensamiento kantiano. Finalmente, se aborda la idea de comunidad ética como un antecedente kantiano de la sociedad civil.
Política democrática y cosmopolitismo en el pensamiento último de Julio De Zan
Authors: De Miguel Jorge
Published: April 2020

El artículo trata acerca de la contribución del pensamiento último de Julio De Zan a la filosofía de la democracia y el cosmopolitismo. Las perspectivas abordadas se refieren al rol de la sociedad civil, a la legitimación del poder político y al cosmopolitismo democrático. Todas ellas son interpretadas en torno a la concepción de la sociedad civil contemporánea como el espacio público de construcción del poder democrático. Se destaca la defensa de De Zan de un orden político global no centrado en el Estado tradicional y sustentado en el progreso hacia una comunidad ética de tipo kantiano, como así también su vigorosa invocación de la soberanía como idea desustancializada.
Praxis investigativa descolonizadora. Hacia otras maneras de razonar y emocionar
Authors: Valiente Bertello Silvia Carina
Published: April 2020

Este artículo pretende ser un ejercicio de autorreflexividad crítica, entendida esta no como un ejercicio de reflexión personal, sino como una acción que se realiza de manera colectiva –en este caso, con los integrantes del equipo de investigación del cual era su directora–, y en el cual, de manera conjunta, interpelamos nuestra praxis investigativa a partir de reconocernos como sujetos sociales y singulares. En este sentido, más que dar cuenta de los resultados de una investigación, expondremos la manera en que algunos de nosotros nos formamos como investigadores, incentivando así la incorporación en la escritura académica de la manera en que razonamos y nos emocionamos como una instancia ineludible de la investigación que, en nuestra práctica, tiende a ser el gran ausente. De esta manera, se libra el lector de realizar asociaciones y deducciones acerca del posicionamiento del autor, posicionamiento que excede ampliamente el marco teórico, el cual, por lo general, está explicitado y desarrollado. Dicho esto, aspiramos a que nuestro aporte pueda entenderse como una práctica descolonizadora, en la medida en que nos sentimos convocados a comunicar también la manera en que razonamos y nos emocionamos en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento.
Las tutorías académicas en el fortalecimiento del álgebra en estudiantes de octavo grado en una escuela distrital de Barranquilla
Authors: Padilla Escorcia Iván Andrés , Mayoral Viñas Vanessa Del Carmen
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las incidencias que tienen las tutorías académicas en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de octavo grado, en el aprendizaje del álgebra, en una escuela distrital de Barranquilla. Para esto se utilizó una metodología de enfoque cualitativo con diseño de tipo descriptivo e interpretativo. La información se recolectó a través de entrevistas a los siguientes actores: docente de álgebra, padres de familia, estudiantes y tutor académico; asimismo, observaciones no participantes al docente de álgebra y una prueba diagnóstica a los educandos. Así, se evidenció a través de la aplicación de estos instrumentos que los estudiantes no solo presentan necesidades de tipo académico, sino también de tipo afectivo y emocional, las cuales afectan el desarrollo de sus conocimientos en la asignatura mencionada. Al ser las tutorías académicas un elemento que permitió fortalecer estas necesidades, especialmente el afecto de los participantes hacía el aprendizaje del álgebra, se concluyó que este tipo de espacios deben ser asumidos y atendidos por la institución para que, de esta manera, los docentes que dicten las cátedras sean licenciados en matemáticas y contribuyan a mejorar las competencias en las que los estudiantes más necesidades presentan.
Estimating China’s Future Life Insurance Market
Authors: Ma Jiyue , Huang Fei , Bruhn Aaron
Published: April 2020

After decades of economic expansion, China is transitioning to meet the insurance needs of its aging and increasingly affluent population. Of particular interest to insurers and reinsurers is China’s life insurance industry, which is likely to be globally significant due to its size and scale of opportunity. The long term nature of life insurance will also see it play a key role in China’s financial and capital markets. By uniquely accounting for demographic, economic and insurance-specific factors, we estimate the long term size of China’s life insurance market, giving an important indication of the scale of its future influence.
Precision medicine in medical oncology: hope, disappointment and reality
Authors: Bartoušková Marie , Melichar Bohuslav
Published: April 2020

During the past 20 years, targeted therapy based on the understanding of tumor biology has been complementing or even replacing cytotoxic agents that have dominated pharmacotherapy of cancer since the conception of medical oncology. Unfortunately, the fact that targeted therapies with potential to induce cure or at least substantially prolong survival are still not available for many common solid tumors results in skepticism or even nihilism. On the one hand, biomarker research is not keeping pace with the introduction of new agents, while on the other hand, effective drugs are still not available for many potential molecular targets associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression. However, targeted therapies have already transformed the natural history and clinical outcomes not only in patients with rare malignancies like gastrointestinal stromal tumor but also with many common tumors, e.g. breast cancer, malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer or renal cell carcinoma. For further advances, a multidisciplinary effort is indispensible that should, above all, involve the collaboration of medical oncology and laboratory medicine.
10-gingerol induces oxidative stress through HTR1A in cumulus cells: in-vitro and in-silico studies
Authors: Kiptiyah Kiptiyah , Widodo Widodo , Ciptadi Gatot , Aulanni’Am Aulanni’am , Widodo Mohammad A. , Sumitro Sutiman B.
Published: April 2020

Background

We investigated whether 10-gingerol is able to induce oxidative stress in cumulus cells.

Methods

For the in-vitro research, we used a cumulus cell culture in M199, containing 10-gingerol in various concentrations (0, 12, 16, and 20 µM), and detected oxidative stress through superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, with incubation periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The obtained results were confirmed by in-silico studies.

Results

The in-vitro data revealed that SOD activity and MDA concentration increased with increasing incubation periods: SOD activity at 0 µM (1.39 ± 0.24i), 12 µM (16.42 ± 0.35ab), 16 µM (17.28 ± 0.55ab), 20 µM (17.81 ± 0.12a), with a contribution of 71.1%. MDA concentration at 0 µM (17.82 ± 1.39 l), 12 µM (72.99 ± 0.31c), 16 µM (79.77 ± 4.19b), 20 µM (85.07 ± 2.57a), with a contribution of 73.1%. Based on this, the in-silico data uncovered that 10˗gingerol induces oxidative stress in cumulus cells by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT˗1.

Conclusions

10-gingerol induces oxidative stress in cumulus cells through enhancing SOD activity and MDA concentration by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT˗1.
Presence of neonatal intensive care services at birth hospital and early intervention enrollment in infants ≤1500 g
Authors: Gogcu Semsa , Aboudi David , Kase Jordan , LaGamma Edmund , Brumberg Heather Lynn
Published: April 2020

Objective

To determine whether the receipt of therapeutic services of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; ≤1500 g) neonates inadvertently delivered at community Level 2 and 3 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) compared with those born at a well-baby nursery (WBN; Level 1) differed.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of neonates who were born at Level 1 (WBN), 2, 3, and 4 NICUs and discharged from a Level 4 hospital (n = 529). All infants were evaluated at the Regional Neonatal Follow-up Program at 12 ± 1 months corrected gestational age (CA) and assessed for use of therapeutic services including: early intervention (EI), occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT), speech therapy (ST), and special education (SE).

Results

Compared to infants born at community Level 2 and 3 NICU hospitals, those outborn at a community Level 1 WBN had significantly higher utilization of EI (90% vs. 62%) and PT (83% vs. 61%) at 12 months CA. This association persisted when controlling for covariates. Infants who required EI had significantly lower Bayley-III cognitive scores at 3 years of age.

Conclusion

VLBW infants outborn at WBN (Level 1) hospitals required more outpatient therapeutic services than those born at hospitals with NICU facilities. These results suggest that delivering at the appropriate community hospital level of care might be advantageous for long-term outcomes.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[di-μ2-chlorido-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′-cadmium(II)], C12H8Cl2CdN2
Authors: Li Ling-Chuan , Zhou Xiao-Li , Liu Yan-Li , Wang Li-Ping
Published: April 2020

C12H8Cl2CdN2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 16.969(5) Å, b = 10.515(3) Å, c = 7.238(2) Å, β = 110.710(10)°, V = 1208.0(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0245, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0806, T = 298(2) K.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of catena-poly[aqua-(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)-(μ2-tetraoxidomolybdato(VI)-κ2
O:O′)manganese(II) monohydrate, C12H12N2O6MoMn
Authors: Wu-Hua Chen , Ji Zhou , Yu-Fan Wang
Published: April 2020

C12H12N2O6MoMn, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.0427(3) Å, b = 10.4459(7) Å, c = 10.5778(6) Å, α = 73.233(6)°, β = 83.372(4)°, γ = 77.340(4)°, V = 725.85(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0386, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0916, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of 5-bromopicolinic acid monohydrate, C6H6BrNO3
Authors: Cai Bin , Zhu Meng-En , Bai Xin , Lin Yan-Ru , Guo Qian-Qian , Meng Yu-Ning
Published: April 2020

C6H6BrNO3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.0407(5) Å, b = 7.1597(6) Å, c = 8.3808(7) Å, α = 75.844(4)°, β = 94.562(4)°, γ = 76.306(4)°, V = 373.61(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0205, wR
ref(F2
) = 0.0527, T = 150(2) K.
The crystal structure of 2-(3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-8H-indeno[1,2-d]thiazole, C25H17BrFN3S
Authors: Alotaibi Abdullah A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A.
Published: April 2020

C25H17BrFN3S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.2926(6) Å, b = 11.5832(4) Å, c = 16.9974(9) Å, α = 109.211(4)°, β = 90.211(4)°, γ = 95.290(4))°, V = 2089.21(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0580, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1797, T = 296 K.
The crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-2-((3-bromo-2-oxidobenzylidene)amino)acetato-κ4
O,N,O′:O′′)-(dimethylformamide-κ1
O)]zinc(II), C12H13N2O4BrZn
Authors: Xi-Shi Tai , Xiao-Jing Zhou , Li-Li Liu , Shu-Hua Cao , Li-Hua Wang
Published: April 2020

C12H13N2O4BrZn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.0182(12) Å, b = 6.9735(7) Å, c = 16.2510(14) Å, β = 93.572(9)°, V = 1359.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0279, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0613, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of tris(1-ethylimidazole-κ1
N)-(sulfato-κ2
O,O′)vanadium(IV), C15H24N6O5SV
Authors: Fu Yi-Ru , Luan Jian , Wang Xiao-Jie
Published: April 2020

C15H24N6O5SV, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.0059 Å, b = 9.1008 Å, c = 14.2686 Å, β = 100.352°, V = 2044.6(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0400, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0852, T = 173(2) K.
What do Firefighting Ability Tests Tell Us About Firefighter Physical Fitness? A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Fyock-Martin Marcie B. , Erickson Eric K. , Hautz Allan H. , Sell Katie M. , Turnbaugh Bradley L. , Caswell Shane V. , Martin Joel R.
Published: April 2020

Fyock-Martin, MB, Erickson, EK, Hautz, AH, Sell, KM, Turnbaugh, BL, Caswell, SV, and Martin, JR. What do firefighting ability tests tell us about firefighter physical fitness? A systematic review of the current evidence. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 2093–2103, 2020—The firefighting profession is a physiologically demanding occupation. Currently, sudden cardiac deaths account for 40–50% of firefighter job-related deaths, for which, inadequate aerobic fitness (AF) and obesity are established as risk factors. Departments have instituted firefighting physical ability tests (FPATs) as a method of quantifying readiness for occupational-related demands. A systematic review of the current literature examining the correlation between field fitness test performance and FPAT completion times was performed. The search identified 5 studies that met the eligibility criteria. The total number of subjects in the 5 studies was 265 (259 men and 6 women), including 200 professional firefighters (75.5%), 40 volunteer (15.1%), 20 officers (7.5%), and 5 recruits (1.9%). Upper-body strength (UBs) and upper-body endurance (UBe) had the strongest correlation to FPATs (r = −0.31 to −0.66; R
2 = 0.10 to 0.44 and r = −0.27 to −0.61; R
2 = 0.07 to 0.37; p < 0.05, respectively). Two studies suggested that AF has a weak-to-moderate relationship with FPATs (r = 0.38 and r = −0.62). Two studies showed that anaerobic capacity had weak-to-strong correlations with FPATs (r = −0.40 and r = 0.79; R
2 = 0.16 to 0.62; p < 0.05). No studies found a statistically significant correlation between lower-body strength and FPAT performance. Further research is needed to better understand the role of field-based fitness test results on FPAT performance. An annual department-driven multicomponent fitness assessment measuring UBs, UBe, anaerobic capacity, and AF is recommended based on the evidence reviewed.
Running Demands of Provincial Women's Rugby Union Matches in New Zealand
Authors: Busbridge Alice R. , Hamlin Michael J. , Jowsey James A. , Vanner Mark H. , Olsen Peter D.
Published: April 2020

Busbridge, AR, Hamlin, MJ, Jowsey, JA, Vanner, MH, and Olsen, PD. Running demands of provincial women's rugby union matches in New Zealand. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1059–1063, 2022—There has been rapid growth in participation in women's rugby but there is minimal research on the sport. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge of the running demands of high-level female players in the New Zealand Provincial Rugby Competition. Players (n = 20) wore 10-Hz Global Positioning System units during 7 matches to measure total distance covered, all running distance (≥6.4 km·h−1), high-intensity (HI) running (≥16.1 km·h−1), meters per minute (m·min−1), and maximum speed (km·h−1). Mean ± SD were calculated for forwards and backs. Forwards and backs covered a similar total distance (5,616 ± 809 m and 5,852 ± 1,022 m, respectively) and running distance (3,181 ± 583 m and 3,095 ± 805 m, respectively). However, when separated into specific playing positions, the half back recorded significantly higher running distances (4,292 ± 171 m), greater HI running distances (1,003 ± 58 m), and more distance overall (6,812 ± 277 m) than other positions (p ≤ 0.05). By contrast, outside backs did less running (2,456 ± 114 m) than other positions (p ≤ 0.05), and had the lowest distance for HI running (528 ± 39 m) in the backs. Running demands were similar for forwards and backs; however, within positions there was considerable variation, and the lower running measurements for outside backs maybe unique to women's rugby. Due to these findings and possible different tactical approaches, the development of training and speed zone bands specific to female players is advised because male research findings may lack transferability to women's rugby.
Validity of Load–Velocity Relationship to Predict 1 Repetition Maximum During Deadlifts Performed With and Without Lifting Straps: The Accuracy of Six Prediction Models
Authors: Jukic Ivan , García-Ramos Amador , Malecek Jan , Omcirk Dan , Tufano James J.
Published: April 2020

Jukic, I, García-Ramos, A, Malecek, J, Omcirk, D, and Tufano, JJ. Validity of load–velocity relationship to predict 1 repetition maximum during deadlifts performed with and without lifting straps: The accuracy of six prediction models. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 902–910, 2022—This study aimed to compare the accuracy of six 1 repetition maximum (1RM) prediction models during deadlifts performed with (DLw) and without (DLn) lifting straps. In a counterbalanced order, 18 resistance-trained men performed 2 sessions that consisted of an incremental loading test (20-40-60-80-90% of 1RM) followed by 1RM attempts during the DLn (1RM = 162.0 ± 26.9 kg) and DLw (1RM = 179.0 ± 29.9 kg). Predicted 1RMs were calculated by entering both group and individualized mean concentric velocity of the 1RM (V1RM) into an individualized linear and polynomial regression equations, which were derived from the load–velocity relationship of 5 ([20-40-60-80-90% of 1RM], i.e., multiple-point method) or 2 ([40 and 90% of 1RM] i.e., 2-point method) incremental warm-up sets. The predicted 1RMs were deemed highly valid if the following criteria were met: trivial to small effect size, practically perfect r, and low absolute errors (<5 kg). The main findings revealed that although prediction models were more accurate during the DLn than DLw, none of the models provided an accurate estimation of the 1RM during both DLn (r = 0.92–0.98; absolute errors: 6.6–8.1 kg) and DLw (r = 0.80–0.93; absolute errors: 12.4–16.3 kg) according to our criteria. Therefore, these results suggest that the 1RM for both DLn and DLw should not be estimated through the recording of movement velocity if sport professionals are not willing to accept more than 5 kg of absolute errors.
Low-Pass Filter Effects on Metrics of Countermovement Vertical Jump Performance
Authors: Harry John R. , Blinch Jarrod , Barker Leland A. , Krzyszkowski John , Chowning Luke
Published: April 2020

Harry, JR, Blinch, J, Barker, LA, Krzyszkowski, J, and Chowning, L. Low-pass filter effects on metrics of countermovement vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1459–1467, 2022—Countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) studies using ground reaction force (GRF) data analyze either unfiltered (i.e., raw) or filtered data while providing little-to-no justification for the selected filtering process. Inappropriate filter choices can lead to inaccurate study results and erroneous interpretations. We examined the effects of not filtering GRF data in comparison with filtering data with various objectively and subjectively selected cutoff frequencies. Twenty-one collegiate male basketball players completed 3 maximal-effort CMVJ trials while GRF data were obtained from 2 force platforms. Countermovement vertical jump performance, explosiveness, power output, and neuromuscular function variables were compared among the following methods using one-way repeated-measures analyses of variance (α = 0.05): no filtering (raw data), a standard 50-Hz cutoff (50 Hz), a visually determined cutoff frequency describing the frequency band containing the majority of the summed (visual inspection 1) or not-summed (visual inspection 2) GRF signal's frequency content, filtering the summed (99% signal power 1) or not-summed (99% signal power 2) GRF using a cutoff frequency retaining 99% of the signal power. The raw data method produced significantly shorter concentric phase times and significantly greater center of mass flight heights (∼3%), modified reactive strength indices (RSIMOD; ∼4%), power outputs (∼6%), and push-off distances (∼4%) than 99% signal power 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Discrete GRF and phase-specific yank magnitudes were not different among methods (p ≥ 0.05). Importantly, no differences were detected between the raw data and 50 Hz methods for any variable (p > 0.05). Low-pass filtering is not necessary when analyzing GRF data from the CMVJ. However, a low-pass filter with a 50-Hz cutoff can remove noise without altering results when compared with raw data. Explicit methodological descriptions of filtering processes should always be provided to improve the integrity of future CMVJ analyses, comparisons among various studies' results, or both.
Design and Development of an In-Flight Actuator for Modeling Dynamic Compaction in a Geotechnical Centrifuge
Authors: Kundu Saptarshi , Viswanadham B. V. S.
Published: April 2020

The objective of this article is to present the design details and performance of an in-flight actuator for simulating dynamic compaction (DC) at enhanced gravities in a geotechnical centrifuge. The developed actuator is equipped with an automatized lifting and dropping mechanism to induce repeated impacts on the soil surface at high gravities, with prototype energies varying from 50 to 400 t-m. In addition, the developed actuator encompasses a wide range of tamper shapes, tamper diameter, and mass coupled with variable drop heights during centrifuge testing, thereby simulating both low-energy impacts and high-energy DC processes adopted in the field. The various components and working mechanism of the developed actuator are discussed, with particular emphasis on measures taken for ensuring vertical alignment of tamper and for minimizing Coriolis acceleration generated during flight. In this article, the results of four calibration tests and four centrifuge model tests of DC on a typical loose granular deposit are discussed, conducted in a 4.5-m radius large beam centrifuge facility available at IIT Bombay, India. The calibration results indicate that the impact frequency can be regulated remotely by controlling the motor voltage to enable monitoring of pore water pressure build-up in saturated soils during impact and its subsequent dissipation. The average time interval between successive impacts, in this case, is observed to be uniform and approximately 1.4–2.3 min in prototype dimensions. Further, the analysis of data captured by pore water pressure transducers and accelerometers, coupled with GeoPIV-based image analysis, was employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of DC in granular soils using the developed actuator for various tamper energies and saturation levels. The results are interpreted in terms of pore water pressure variations during impacts, crater formations, surface settlements, induced ground velocities and peak accelerations, and increases in relative density of the soil after DC.