bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Frameworks to Optimize Public Administration Services
Authors: Popescu Decebal , Popescu Nirvana , Dobre Ciprian
Published: April 2012

Public administration is subject to major changes affecting many countries, such as the need to implement the European Union Services Directive within the entire EU area. This chapter presents theoretical and practical approaches to developing e-Services and e-Government solutions and real experiences in developing two successful projects with great potential to improve complex Government procedures. The Point of Single Contact is an electronic means through which service providers can find information and complete the formalities necessary to doing business there. Each EU member state must have its own PSC, which should be a reliable source of electronic processing of information that should facilitate the interaction of citizens with the public administration. The design and implementation details of an e-Framework for optimizing the relationship between Governments and citizens using eServices will be presented. Evaluation results obtained by integrating a real-life workflow for opening a business in the Romanian environment are shown. Also, in order to optimize automatic data transfers, document workflows, and business reporting of business organizations, an e-Services system is used.
Integrating Social Media into Electronic Commerce Applications
Authors: Stephens R. Todd
Published: April 2012

In this chapter, the author takes a look at how organizations can integrate Social Media technology into their current electronic commerce environment. While electronic commerce technology has been around for many years, social media technology is emerging as the dominating force in commerce itself. Organizations must evolve their online environments in order to progress to the next level of service delivery. Social Media provides the basic technology for creating a network of customers who are passionate about the company’s product offering. The key here is the commitment of the customers throughout the business lifecycle. Social Media includes a variety of technologies and concepts such as social networking, weblogs, wikis, Really Simple Syndication (RSS), social tagging, mashups, information markets, and user defined content. This chapter will review several different examples where organizations have added Social Media to their environment and impact that integration is having to the entire business model.
The State Economical Regulation Practice Modernization in Terms of Business Digitalization
Authors: Ushakov Denis S.
Published: April 2012

In the present conditions of the world economy development, the efficiency of traditional measures of governance is significantly reducing. The globalization, the formation of transnational networks of inputs and finished goods distribution, and the mobilization of capital and labor are limiting the regulatory competences of governments, and are threatening their existence as economical subjects. Under these conditions it requires upgrading to modernize the infrastructure and the principles of government regulation. The study takes a new paradigm of state economic regulation, based on the synchronization of interests of business, state, and society, and on the defining the principles of government participation in the global economic processes. As a tool for business consolidation and improving the efficiency of state regulation, the formation of e-government was considered. The paper characterizes the e-government as a new form of state regulation of economy. The factors of effective e-government implementation strategy were analyzed. The experience of digitalization of governmental functions in modern states, and the rates of asynchrony of development of electronic government in the world as they relate with the economic efficiency of modern states, were considered.
Open Innovation in SMEs of Developing and Transitional Economies
Authors: Rahman Hakikur , Ramos Isabel
Published: April 2012

Despite being accepted by corporate entrepreneurs and large business houses around the globe, the adaptation of strategies and concepts belonging to the newly evolved dimension of entrepreneurships, and the open innovation (OI), countries in the East, West or Southare yet to accommodate open innovation strategies in their business practices - especially in efforts to reach out to the grassroots communities. By far, firms belonging to the small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), irrespective of their numbers and contributions towards their national economies, are far behind in accepting open innovation strategies for their business developments. While talking about this newly emerged business dimension, it comprises of complex and dynamically developed concepts like management of intellectual property aspects, administration of patents and copyright issues, or supervision of market trend for minute details related to knowledge acquisition. All these issues are largely responsible for adding value to the business proposition in terms of economy or knowledge gain, and organizations or entities acting in this aspect deserve comprehensive investigation. As most of the developed countries have already adopted open innovation strategies, finding this as a weak link in terms of entrepreneurships in less developed countries, this chapter intends to seek answers related to the mentioned issues focusing adaption of open innovation strategies in developing and transitional economies. It is a longitudinal study on business houses or national efforts from countries belonging to these categories, deducting from a literature review. The chapter goes on looking into various aspects of business development incorporating OI concepts, synthesizes building a reasonable framework to be applicable in the target economies, points out to some future research aspects, and concludes the finding of this research. This study is supposed to enhance the knowledge of entrepreneurs and researchers by gaining specific knowledge on the trend of open innovation strategies in developing and transitional economies.
Assessing the Role and Function of IT/IS Training and Development and Policy Implementation in a Public Sector Organization
Authors: Ololube Nwachukwu Prince , Ajayi Oluwatosin Akinyede , Kpolovie Peter James , Usoro Abel
Published: April 2012

This study investigates the dramatic changes in the public service in recent years. The paper examines employee Information technology (IT) training and development in Nigerian Immigration services. This chapter fulfils the need for exploring the experiences in employee technological training and development and how these have impacted on their performances. Using a sample of 82 respondents, the research reported here portrays the paths which link the consequences of training and development on effective policy implementation. In this framework, IT training and development consequences in organizations represent a proxy in which employee training, actions, attitudes, and behaviours affect employees’ job effectiveness. Using a multiple statistical analysis, the results indicate a mixed significance. Implications for strategic employee IT training and development policies are reported and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The Influence of National IT Policies, Socio-economic Factors, and National Culture on Network Readiness in Africa
Authors: Ifinedo Airi , Ifinedo Princely
Published: April 2012

This study examines the influence of national IT policies, socio-economic and cultural factors on the network readiness of African countries. The capability and level of preparation of a nation to participate in and benefit from information and communication technologies (ICT) for socio-development is assessed by the network readiness index. Prior studies have shown that such factors have a significant influence on how a country benefits from its use of ICT products for development. Research on this topic with data from the African continent is rare. This study serves to fill this gap. It is based on data from a cross-section of twenty diverse African countries. The data suggested variability in the use of ICT for developmental purposes among the sampled countries. To that end, Africa should not be viewed as monolithic in such respects. The study showed that all the measures used to operationalize national IT policies, socio-economic and some cultural factors are positively related to the network readiness of the sampled African countries. Importantly, the quality of each country’s educational systems, its transparency (corruption) levels, its ICT regulatory framework, and its cross-cultural dimension of power distance (PDI) were found to have significant relevance to its network readiness. The implications of the study’s findings for research and policy making are discussed.
An Empirical Study of Career Orientations and Turnover Intentions of Information Systems Personnel in Botswana
Authors: Mgaya K. V , Uzoka F. M. E. , Kitindi E. G. , Akinnuwesi A.B. , Shemi A. P.
Published: April 2012

A number of studies on career orientations of information systems (IS) personnel have focused on developed countries. This study attempts to examine career anchors of IS personnel from the perspective of a developing country, Botswana. The results of the study show that IS personnel in Botswana exhibit career orientations similar to those identified in literature. However, there are some variations, which are attributed to cultural and socio-economic peculiarities. The study indicates that life style does not feature as a significant career anchor in Botswana. The dominant career anchors include organizational stability (security) and sense of service (service). Gender, age, and educational qualifications tend to moderate the career anchors significantly; thus creating a partition of the anchors across demographic groups. The major contributors to the turnover intentions of IS personnel in developing economies are job satisfaction and growth opportunities. Career satisfaction, supervisor support, organization commitment, length of service, and age did not contribute significantly to turnover intention.
Enhancing Trust in E-Commerce in Developing IT Environments
Authors: Arikpo Iwara , Osofisan Adenike , Eteng Idongesit E.
Published: April 2012

Most research in e-commerce and trust have assumed advanced information technology (IT) infrastructural environments, so results from these studies have little impact on Developing IT environments, where internet infrastructure is still at the developmental stage, and the people are used to traditional commercial methods. This situation affects the level of trust and participation of end-users in e-commerce. This paper presents a unique approach for enhancing trust in e-commerce in less-advanced IT environments, with a perspective on feedback mechanisms in e-commerce websites. Survey results support the importance of feedback in promoting and sustaining end-user trust in online market environments.
Dynamic Competitive of Geographic Clusters (Such as Micro Regional Systems) in the Generation of Innovative Capabilities
Authors: Bas Tomas Gabriel
Published: April 2012

Innovation is understood as an interactive process of learning, and its usefulness in a region is reflected in the social, cultural, institutional, and territorial. From this point of view, the region’s competitive advantages are based on the development and subsequent use of resources and skills generated there. The author of this chapter analyzed the geographic clusters, to support local and regional development, assuming that each variety of these is different, both in its essence, its origins, and functions, to generate knowledge and innovation within a (micro) regional system of innovation.
Organizational and Personal Innovativeness
Authors: Tajeddini Kayhan , Tajeddini Keyvan
Published: April 2012

The main objective of this research is to highlight the need to reconceptualize the theoretical constructs of innovativeness. This chapter examines the existing definitions of innovativeness, and provides a conceptual framework that considers this topic from an organizational to a personal perspective. The similarities and differences of each are reviewed, and a synthesized conceptualization of innovativeness is offered. A literature review examines innovativeness, taking a broad perspective of the topic in terms of research and practice as well as conceptualizing the relevant personal constructs. This study is limited in taking a marketing perspective. Implications for future research in innovativeness in practice are recommended.
Productivity Growth and Efficiency Measurements in Fuzzy Environments with an Application to Health Care
Authors: Hatami-Marbini Adel , Tavana Madjid , Emrouznejad Ali
Published: April 2012

Health care organizations must continuously improve their productivity to sustain long-term growth and profitability. Sustainable productivity performance is mostly assumed to be a natural outcome of successful health care management. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a popular mathematical programming method for comparing the inputs and outputs of a set of homogenous decision making units (DMUs) by evaluating their relative efficiency. The Malmquist productivity index (MPI) is widely used for productivity analysis by relying on constructing a best practice frontier and calculating the relative performance of a DMU for different time periods. The conventional DEA requires accurate and crisp data to calculate the MPI. However, the real-world data are often imprecise and vague. In this study, the authors propose a novel productivity measurement approach in fuzzy environments with MPI. An application of the proposed approach in health care is presented to demonstrate the simplicity and efficacy of the procedures and algorithms in a hospital efficiency study conducted for a State Office of Inspector General in the United States.
A Self-Organized Neuro-Fuzzy System for Air Cargo and Airline Passenger Dynamics Modeling and Forecasting
Authors: Chen Chuen-Jyh
Published: April 2012

A self-organized, five-layer neuro-fuzzy model is developed to model the dynamics and to forecast air cargo and airline passenger by using the input of previous years’ consumer price index, exchange rate, gross national product, and number of cargo volume/passenger traffic. Simulation results show that the neuro-fuzzy model is more effective than neural network in prediction and accurate in forecasting. The effectiveness in modeling, prediction and forecasting is validated, and the input error from the series-parallel identification method is attenuated by the neuro-fuzzy model to yield better forecasting results.
Potential of WEB Based Learning in Managing for the Sustained Success of a Healthcare Organization Based on IMPROHEALTH® Project
Authors: Zgodavová Kristina , Bourek Aleš
Published: April 2012

This paper discusses managing healthcare organization for sustained success through the use of IMPROHEALTH® project WEB based learning. The paper describes functions and properties of the IMPROHEALTH® portal, as well as services pertaining to integrated e-Learning, e-Implementation of the quality management system, e-Improvement of provided healthcare services, and the way how knowledge accumulated can be glossary-based learning presented in the form of a WEB-log book. Moreover, the purpose of this paper is seen in addressing the obtained experience with regards to the utilization of information and communication technologies among the knowledgeable community. It is intended for professional educators involved in improvement activities of managing healthcare organizations and e-Health management, but also for people interested in digital ways of caring about their health status and improving their sense of well-being, further supported by the so-called e-Laboratory. Several innovative approaches augmenting the possibilities of traditional e-Learning options are presented.
Addressing the Barriers and Political Pressures to Safety
Authors: Barach Paul
Published: April 2012

Numerous high profile inquiries in UK, Australia, and U.S. reveal subtle and overt external pressures that enable and support unsafe care. Understanding these ‘political’ pressures on clinical service executives to execute a government policy regardless of evidence on quality of care is essential to transforming healthcare systems. This article reviews key findings and recommendations from several international inquiries and identifies how to overcome barriers to improvement. Identifying the barriers that contribute to patient harm in national inquiries shows the important influence of external political pressures. Reviewing the commitment across professions represented by specialty boards, royal colleges, academic medical centers, and professional unions to protect patients is key. Understanding that a culture of blame can affect patient safety in healthcare systems and how they manifest depends on the political and healthcare provision characteristics of each country. Transparency the ability to openly discuss and address opportunities for improvement in the healthcare system are a recurring theme in national inquiries. All stakeholders must be involved at all stages and mechanisms for ongoing, effective consultation and communication should be provided at the local and state levels.
ReVisioning the Public Library as an Oasis of Learning
Authors: Cassell Mary A. , Bamdas Jo Ann M. , Bryan Valerie C.
Published: April 2012

Culturally diverse older adult learners are among the fastest growing age groups for which public libraries promote the needs of lifelong learning today. This article explores the past, present, and future of informal and non-formal public learning environments as safe and welcoming, with supportive educational programming provided by librarians and community volunteers. In light of an advancing 21st century learning framework, the aim of this article is to encourage adult learning practitioners to re-examine the public library to recognize a new world of potentiality in library learning for this population.
Characteristics of Teachers Nominated for an Accelerated Principal Preparation Program
Authors: Rios Steve J. , Reyes-Guerra Daniel
Published: April 2012

This article reports the initial evaluation results of a new accelerated, job-embedded principal preparation program funded by a Race to the Top Grant (U.S. Department of Education, 2012a) in Florida. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square analyses were used to describe the characteristics of a group of potential applicants nominated to the program by their principals. Demographic and education-related variables for the group were compared to a group of self-selected students enrolled in an existing educational leadership master’s program at the same public university. Initial statistical analysis revealed that more than two-thirds of the nominated teachers belonged to a minority group and had not majored in education as undergraduates. These findings have immediate implications for this new program and for research related to the identification of potential future educational leaders.
Understanding the Characteristics of Early and Late Adopters of Technology
Authors: Tobbin Peter , Adjei Joseph
Published: April 2012

Every year, thousands of new technological ideas are conceived. An ability to innovate these ideas continues to be critical in surviving the current business world. This study identifies and empirically assesses the characteristics of technological innovativeness. A research model based on the existing literature on consumer innovativeness is thus presented. The model is tested via a survey instrument from a population of earlier adopters of mobile money services in Ghana and analyzed using ANOVA and independent sample t-test techniques in SPSS. The results showed that early adopters of technology are younger, novelty seekers, and more likely to have good employment and opinion leadership than late adopters. The study contributes to diffusion literature by providing further empirical evidence on the distinctive characteristics of early and late adopters of technology and posits that contrary to past research, independent judgment making of an individual does not affect innovativeness.
A New Parallel Data Cube Construction Scheme
Authors: Jin Dong , Tsuji Tatsuo
Published: April 2012

The pre-computation of data cubes is critical for improving the response time of OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) systems. To meet the need for improved performance created by growing data sizes, parallel solutions for data cube construction are becoming increasingly important. This paper presents a new parallel data cube construction scheme based on an extendible multidimensional array, which is dynamically extendible along any dimension without relocating any existing data. The authors have implemented and evaluated their parallel data cube construction methods on shared-memory multiprocessors. Given the performance limit, the methods achieve close to linear speedup with load balance. The authors’ experiments also indicate that their parallel methods can be more scalable on higher dimensional data cube construction.
Application Framework for Computational Chemistry (AFCC) Applied to New Drug Discovery
Authors: Tindle J. , Gray M. , Warrender R. L. , Ginty K. , Dawson P.
Published: April 2012

This paper describes the performance of a compute cluster applied to solve three dimensional (3D) molecular modelling problems. The primary goal of this work is to identify new potential drugs. The paper examines the following issues: computational chemistry, computational efficiency, task scheduling, and the analysis of system performance. The philosophy of design for an application framework for computational chemistry (AFCC) is described. Various experiments have been carried out to optimise the performance of a cluster computer, the results analysed and the statistics produced are discussed in the paper.
Multipath Extension of the ZigBee Tree Routing in Cluster-Tree Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bidai Zahia , Maimour Moufida , Haffaf Hafid
Published: April 2012

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are one of the most challenging applications of WSN. They require large amounts of data to be transmitted with high reporting rates which consume an order of magnitude of resources, such as storage, computation, bandwidth, and energy. On the other hand, the ZigBee standard was originally specified for low data rate, low power consumption, and low cost wireless personal area networks (WPANs), making it suitable to WSN. However, handling high data rate applications, such as video surveillance in WPANs, is a challenge. Simultaneous multipath routing is one solution to increase the available bandwidth in a ZigBee network. In this paper, we proposed Z-MHTR (ZigBee Multipath Hierarchical Tree Routing), a node disjoint multipath routing extension of the ZigBee tree routing protocol in cluster-tree WSNs. Extensive simulations were performed and showed that the propsed multipath routing enhances application performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, and network lifetime even under heavy data rates.
Rethinking Human and Society’s Relationship with Technology
Authors: Fathulla Kamaran
Published: April 2012

There are increasing calls emerging from various fields of interest for broadening society’s understanding of technology, moving away from purely technical terms to one that is underpinned in a human context. However, any new ways of understanding are often driven by the specifics of the individual field formulating the new way of understanding, leading to fragmentation. This paper provides an integrated framework for understanding technology in a way that transcends disciplines. The new approach is underpinned in Dooyeweerd’s philosophy. The paper first gives an overview of the philosophy, which is then used to discuss a conceptual framework for a richer and non-reductionist relationship between Society and Technology.
Dynamic Analysis and Design of Compliant Mechanisms Using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Wang Wen Jing , Zhang Li Ge , Bi Shu Sheng
Published: April 2012

Compliant mechanisms gain at least some of their mobility from the deflection of flexible members rather than from movable joints only. Dynamic effects are very important to improving the design of compliant mechanisms. An investigation on the dynamics and synthesis of the compliant mechanisms is presented. The dynamic model of compliant mechanisms is developed at first. The natural frequency and sensitivity are then studied based on the dynamic model. Finally, optimal design of compliant mechanism is investigated. The experimental study of natural frequency is performed. The comparison between the experiment results and the theoretical results verifies the validity of the experiment system and theoretical model.
Revival of 1920s Belt-Driven Machine Tools with Virtual Reality
Authors: Chang Y.S. , Fang J.J.
Published: April 2012

Taking one of the belt-driven machine tools, horizontal milling machine, as the protagonist, the study constructs a virtual environment based on OpenGL and Microsoft Foundation Class without using any well-developed commercial VR software. Belt-driven mechanism was developed in the 1920s, at which time the motor was first invented and rather expensive. Because of difficult preservation and underlying hazards in mechanical antiques, resurgence of the horizontal milling machine in virtual reality is proposed and an exhibition room is permanently settled to memorize the history of mechanical engineering in the 1920s. Aside from the application of exhibition, this developed system also allows users to operate the machine tool in the same manner as in reality.
Assembly Unit Partition Based on Theory of Cut-Set
Authors: Hu Pei Wei , Qiao Li Hong
Published: April 2012

In the manufacture process of many large-scaled and complex products assembly, due to large number of parts or components, assemblies are often divided into several small assembly units in order to organize production and increase assembly efficiency. To obtain fine-grained rapid assembly unit partition, this paper presents a method of assembly unit partition based on cut-set theory with consideration of the assembly constraints and assembly complexity. The paper also discusses the method of establishing the assembly relationship graph of a product as the basis of unit partition. The relationship graph is extracted from the CAD model of the product and is used to describe the relationship of its component assembly. Using the proposed unit partition method, assembly constraints such as precedence relationship can be considered so that invalid assembly unit partition will be avoided. Furthermore, by defining assembly complexity, optimal selection of assembly unit partition can be achieved. The procedures of assembly unit partition including establishing of assembly relationship from CAD model, approach to cut-set, optimal selection and validation are addressed with an assembly example and a flow chart.
The Research about Energy Consumption and Using Motion Function of Mass Center for Four-Legged Walking Robot
Authors: Wang Xin Jie , Wang Liang Wen , Li An Sheng , Wang Chuan Peng
Published: April 2012

In order to reducing motors energy consumption, the problem about motion function, which has torque feature (AV) m small, is discussed in this paper. Conventional functions and small torque moment function are used to control mass center motion of robot ZQROT-I respectively. In the process of robot running the straight gait , motion performance of the robot is analyzed by ADAMS. Analysis result indicates that function controlling mass motion of robot with small torque feature has significant meaning for saving working energy of robot.
Teaching Assistants Role in the Project-Based Learning Model for Electromechanical Control Engineering
Authors: Chen Dian Sheng , Wang Tian Miao , Zheng Wan Jun
Published: April 2012

For project-based learning model in course of electromechanical Control Engineering, the method of using graduate students as teaching assistants is proposed to resolve the problem of shortage of teachers. In mechanical engineering institution, graduate students undertake all kinds of teaching works after strict selection and comprehensive training and the advantages of graduate assistants are fully taken. This system makes great contributions to the teaching of the Electromechanical Control Engineering and achieves positive evaluations from teachers and students. For the problems in teaching system, corresponding solutions are proposed and good teaching effects are achieved in actual teaching process.
Research on Application of NC Polish-Grinding of Valve Stem and Instantaneous Compensation of Grinding Wheel
Authors: Yu Ying Liang , Huang Zhan Li , Yang De Qing , Miao Zhi Yi
Published: April 2012

According to the example of using a common grinding and composition of parts processing movement and achievement elements, the design of construction of special NC technologies in ordinary grinding machine was formulated. . The grinding and polish-grinding were performed by using two NC systems in series to achieve multi-axis movement. The function and application scope of NC technology were expanded because the instantaneous compensation of the grinding wheel and the polish-grinding wheel were performed under a rectangular coordinate system and a polar coordinate system by using an open loop NC system. The application of surface recovery of grinding wheel by NC reconstruction and extension applications of processing the track of involute curve were referred.
The Application of Modal Synthesis Method in the Processing Center Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Liu Peng , Wang Chun Jie , Sun Ru
Published: April 2012

Modal synthesis method is a method which can reduce structural degrees of freedom, it is applicable for analysis and calculations of Machining centers and other large-scale structure. In this paper, the dynamical performance of Five-axis boring and milling processing center was studied with component mode synthesis technology . Compared with full model FEM, component mode synthesis technology could meet the accuracy requirements and have higher computational efficiency. Modal characteristics of processing center in different positions was studied, the result showed that each frequency of processing center in different position was different while the vibration mode remained unchanged.
Supporting Structure Optimization of Emulsion Pump Crankshaft
Authors: Han Xiao Ming , Guo Yong Feng , Qian Zhi Ke
Published: April 2012

Taking the crankshaft of the emulsion pump with high pressure and large discharge typed of BRW550/31.5 as the research object, we established the 3D solid model for integral crankshaft under Pro/E environment and made the finite element analyses of the crankshaft with two bearing and three bearing supporting structures. The stress and deformation situations of integral crankshaft under two different supporting structures were obtained and the superiority of the latter was verified. The results provide the theoretical basis for the optimization design of the crankshaft and the development of the emulsion pump with high pressure and large discharge.
Research on the Formation of Dimensional Chain for Thread Hob of Double-Roller Machine Rolling Thread by Axial Feed
Authors: Li Wen Xing , Tang Jun , Zhang Xian Hua
Published: April 2012

The affecting factor of thread precision was found out through the analysis of the formation of dimension chain when thread hob (cutlery) of double-roller machine rolls thread by axial feed, methods and measures of settlement was presented, which improve the precision of rolling thread, the grade of product and economic benefit of enterprise.
Challenge of Model Based Definition Technology to Engineering Graphics Education
Authors: Wang Yun Qiao , Mei Zhong Yi , Fan Yu Qing
Published: April 2012

MBD (Model Based Definition) technology is a digital method of product definition which combines all information required for manufacturing into the 3D design model including annotation, processing description, attributes and management information. This advancement is a not only a change in media used in the design, manufacturing, inspection and management cycles of the product but also a disruptive reform in engineering-thinking. MBD technology defines a product completely without traditional engineering drawing which is challenging the engineering graphics education. Though MBD technology has not been fully tested or fully developed in all field, change and revolution in relative engineering education must be taken into consideration simultaneously. By comparing the traditional 2D and 3D representation methods with the MBD technology including geometric and non-geometric information of product, some suggestions are presented in contemporary engineering graphics education.
Effect of Filling with Adhesive on Solder Alloys Subjected to Random Vibration
Authors: Bao Nuo , Wang Chun Jie , Zhu Lin , Song Shun Guang
Published: April 2012

In order to obtain a better filling way with suitable adhesive to enhance the reliability of 3D PLUS solder joints. Finite element analysis of random vibration method was carried out. By means of the method, the effect of filling way on the stress distribution in solder joints was investigated under the condition of two types adhesives 55/9 and GD414. Stress distribution and its maximum value of 3D PLUS solder joint at peak time were acquired. Comparative analysis of the maximum stress between under filled adhesive and side filled adhesive with 55/9 or GD414 respectively. The results showed that under filled adhesive 55/9 can effectively improve the solder joint stress.
Research Trends of Mechanism and Machine Theory Using Bibliometrics
Authors: Dong Huei Ru , Su Shiao Yu , Chen Dar Zen
Published: April 2012

Technology has evolved through the dynamic process of knowledge transfer. The exploration of technological evolution from a quantitative perspective has often been mentioned in the intellectual pursuit. The study applies bibliometric method to the articles published in the field of mechanism and machine theory (MMT). Afterward we analyzed the trends of MMT articles during the 30 years. We found that the ratios of the MMT papers in each journal have a trend of growth and have been centered on the certain two magazines. The articles of MMT exhibit a trend of growth. The USA, China and Canada are the major countries which frequently published the papers in the field of MMT and have significant performance in citations. China has rapidly grown in the quantity and the ratios of papers. In addition, the top 10 researchers with the highest h-index in the field of MMT are primarily affiliated with institutions in English-spoken countries, trumping the other countries.
New Measurement Concept of Nanometer-Level Defects on Si Wafer Surface by Using Micro Contact Sensor
Authors: Lu Wen Jian , Shimizu Yuki , Gao Wei
Published: April 2012

A thermal-type contact sensor was proposed to detect small defects, the heights of which are less than 16 nm, on the wafer surface. The feasibility of the contact sensor, which detects frictional heat generated at the contact, was theoretically investigated focusing on the temperature rise of the sensor element. Simulation results with both the simple model of heat transfer and the FEM model showed that the expected temperature rise of the contact sensor is enough to be detected by the conventional electric circuit.
Absolutely Testing of Off-Axis Aspherical Mirror Using Dichotomy Computer-Generated Holograms
Authors: Xie Chao , Li Sheng Yi , Chen Shan Yong
Published: April 2012

A method for absolutely testing off-axis aspherical mirror is presented. A dichotomy CGH including two zones on one substrate is designed. One sub aperture generates the spherical wave front that is used for calibrating the pattern errors of the hologram; the other sub aperture reconstructs the aspherical wave front to test the off-axis aspherical mirror. By means of known absolute interferometric methods, the aberrations of the calibration wave front can be obtained. These aberrations can be transferred to the null testing wave front. The testing method is explained and the dichotomy CGH is designed. Finally, a simulation result supports this absolutely testing method.
XTEM Observation of 4H-SiC (0001) Surfaces Processed by Plasma Assisted Polishing
Authors: Deng Hui , Yamamura Kazuya
Published: April 2012

We proposed a novel polishing technique named plasma assisted polishing (PAP) which combined atmospheric pressure water vapor plasma irradiation and soft abrasive polishing. Plasma irradiation oxidized the surface of workpiece and made it easier to be polished. PAP was applied to 4H-SiC, and an automatic flat surface without any scratches was obtained. In this study, we observed the processed surfaces using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). The XTEM images showed us that an oxide layer with a thickness of about 20 nm was generated after plasma irradiation for 1 h, which proved the strong oxidation potential of OH radical in water vapor plasma. The surfaces processed by PAP were next observed, oxide layer was completely removed and no surface damages were introduced as the crystal structure of 4H-SiC was clearly observed and well ordered.
Simulation of Large Scale KDP Crystal Polishing by Computer Controlled Micro-Nano Deliquescence
Authors: Zhang He Ping , Guo Dong Ming , Wang Xu , Gao Hang
Published: April 2012

Although Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT) can do pretty well in optical surfacing of large scale KDP crystal, both the surface accuracy and integrity are considerably high; meanwhile as the defects of micro-waveness and stress are inevitable, the laser-induced damage threshold of KDP optical elements after SPDT still cannot be satisfied. Because of the characters of deliquescent and water-soluble, the process of computer controlled Micro-nano deliquescence is attempted to remove the residual micro-waveness on KDP surface after SPDT. Based on the assumption of Preston and the characters of Micro-nano deliquescence, the model of material removal ratio is suggested, the dwell time for ascertained KDP surface is solved, the processing of computer controlled Micro-nano deliquescence is simulated and the processed surface condition on theory is obtained. Besides, the influences of different parameters on the surfacing efficiency and accuracy are analyzed. Finally, three polishing tracks are comparatively analyzed. The simulation results are quite important in guiding the experimental polishing of large scale KDP by computer controlled Micro-nano deliquescence
Analyze and Verify Cutting Depth Distribution of Different Grits Size SFAP
Authors: Lv Xun , Li Zhi Xin , Deng Qian Fa
Published: April 2012

Semi-fixed abrasive plate (SFAP) lapping is an effective ultra-precision lapping method. It can efficiently obtain good surface quality in ductile regime machining. Probability density function of abrasive grains cutting depth is the key factor to control removing mode. This paper verified the function by analyzing and comparing simulation results and detection results. It showed the simulation results were consistent with the detection results. The more fine grits SFAP could result in the more consistent cutting depth on workpiece surface, and standard deviation of cutting depth distribution of 4000# SFAP was only 0.0754, compared with 1000# SFAP (0.1527).
CVD Diamond Film Polishing Based on Accelerant Theory
Authors: Zhang Li , Ding Shao Jie , Wen Dong Hui , Xu Zhen Hao , Ji Shi Ming
Published: April 2012

CVD diamond has become the mainstream trend for the development of diamond. Its ultra precision machining is one of the key technologies for expanding the application of CVD diamond film. The efficient polishing method is studied, called accelerant polishing technology, which can lower the activation energy needed in diamond graphitization by the accelerant action of transition metal. It accelerates reaction rates of graphitization and promotes the implementation of diamond’s removal mechanism. Experimentation results indicate that the polishing method is one new type of precision polishing technology with low cost and high efficiency.
A New Method for Free Surface Polishing Based on Soft-Consolidation Abrasive Pneumatic Wheel
Authors: Ji Shi Ming , Zeng Xi , Jing Ming Sheng
Published: April 2012

in order to improve the polishing efficiency to high hardness and high resistance free-form surface of mold, the paper present a new method based on soft-consolidation abrasive pneumatic wheel. The abrasive group is bond to the rubber matrix by the polymer binder. In this way, a flexible pneumatic wheel is formed to get copying contact with the free-form surface for efficient cutting. Combined with the elastic system theory, mechanics model of polishing is found. Scidic silicone sealant is used as the polymer binder, because of its excellent effect of adhesion. The result of experiment shows its wild prospects in the process of polishing.
Fabrication of Polycrystalline Diamond Tools by Micro Electrodischarge Machining
Authors: Zhang Zhi Yu , Peng Huan Ming , Yan Ji Wang , Kuriyagawa Tsunemoto
Published: April 2012

There is an increasingly growing demand for fabrication of micro-structured surfaces such as micro lens arrays and micro prism arrays. Micro end milling is one of the most efficient machining technologies for fabricating these microstructures. In this paper, micro electrodischarge machining (EDM) was applied to fabricate single flute micro end mills on polycrystalline diamond (PCD). Using the fabricated end mills, micro end milling tests of dimple arrays were performed on tungsten carbide (WC) molds and the machining characteristics were investigated.
Application of Orthogonal Test in Numerical Simulation of Glass Lens Molding
Authors: Zhang Dao Cheng , Zhu Ke Jun , Zhu Yong Jian , Yin Shao Hui , Yu Jian Wu
Published: April 2012

Glass lens molding is a high-volume fabrication method for producing optical components. In this paper, combined with the orthogonal test method and finite element method (FEM) simulation, the coupled thermo-mechanical analysis was carried out to analyze the key process factors. In order to reduce the testing time, an orthogonal test with three sets of level factors and three parameters is conducted to obtain the optimal molding process parameters. The result shows that the most significant parameter is molding velocity, the other effect parameters are molding temperature and friction coefficient. According to the previous analysis of orthogonal experiment, it is shown that the best optimal finishing process parameters were A2B1C1.
Wear Mechanism of High-Speed Turning Ti-6Al-4V with TiAlN and AlTiN Coated Tools in Dry and MQL Conditions
Authors: Xu Jin Yang , Liu Zhi Qiang , An Qing Long , Chen Ming
Published: April 2012

The TiAlN and AlTiN coated carbide cutting tools were adopted for high-speed turning of α+β phase titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Both the wear pattern and wear mechanism were investigated in this research. Results show that: MQL condition can greatly prolong the tool life of AlTiN coated carbide tool but has minor influence on improving the tool life of TiAlN carbide tool. AlTiN coated carbide tool was found to be qualified to obtain better cutting performance and longer tool life and is more suitable for processing titanium alloy TC4 compared with TiAlN coated tool under the same cutting parameters. In dry cutting condition, both adhesive and oxidation wear were observed to be the main wear types in these two coated carbide tools. However, in MQL condition, TiAlN coated tool may only suffer adhesive wear while the AlTiN coated carbide tool suffer adhesive, diffusion and oxidation wear.
Development of Electric Rust Preventive Machining Method - Correspond to Difference of Water in World: Use of Adjusted Synthesized Water
Authors: Nishikawa Naohiro , Sato Y. , Kudo K. , Murase T. , Sawa T. , Kato H. , Yoshihara N. , Okawai H. , Karita K. , Iyama T. , Mizuno M. , Tsukamoto S.
Published: April 2012

For low environmental load and decreasing waste fluid disposal cost, the electric rust preventive machining method that uses only water as machining fluid has been developed. However, there are several problems for this practical use. In this investigation, for using this method in various regions of the world, reset and synthesis of water quality that is different in regions for containing impurity ingredient and water hardness is examined. At first, water is deionized and purified with water refine recycle system. Afterward, synthesized water is reproduced. Hardness and conductivity is adjusted in water by addition of very small amount of natural hardness ingredient CaSO4. Consequently, even if water is different, constant quality of the water can be always secured anywhere in world. Furthermore, electric rust prevention is achieved 3hours with adjusted 100S/cm synthesized water. However, adhesion derived from anode is appeared in workpiece 2hours. It is possible that the electric rust preventive machining can be carried out stability anywhere in world.
New Approach for Noncircular Following Grinding of Crankshaft Pin
Authors: Yu Hong Xiang , Zhang Yu , Pan Xu Hua , Xu Meng Chen
Published: April 2012

A new approach for the precise grinding of crankshaft pin is presented. In which, noncircular following strategy is investigated based on the motion model consists of horizontal feeding axis, additional lifting axis for wheel frame, and the active rotary axis for workpiece. The straight line relationship of wheel center, pin center and grinding point is ensured by the synchronism between standard arc interpolation motion of wheel frame and eccentric circular motion of pin section. Comparing with traditional tangential point tracing scheme, both constant grinding line-speed and simple control algorithm are fulfilled simultaneously. The negative effect of perpendicular deviation introduced by lifting axis is kinematically analyzed as well as the dynamic response error of servo system, and solving methods are carried out accordingly. By computer simulation and experimental test, the reported noncircular following strategy emerges good characteristics in the manufacturing of crankshaft, such as a strong adaptability for wheel wearing, simple motion control and high roundness precision.
A Novel Orderly Arrangement Method Controlled by Magnetic Field for Diamond Abrasives of Grinding Wheel
Authors: Yin Shao Hui , Chen Feng Jun , Yu Jian Wu , Wang Ming
Published: April 2012

In traditional manufacture of grinding wheel, a key problem is the randomly arrangement of the diamond abrasives, which results in randomly distribution of surface roughness. In this paper, through controlling the magnetic field during the forming process of the grinding wheel, arrangement of diamond abrasives is orderly to obtain a more orderly surface roughness. The forming process of diamond fine grinding wheel is studied under magnetic field controlling. The grinding experiment for aspherical mold was carried out on the tungsten carbide YG8 and the surface quality after grinding was also analyzed
Research on the Surface Roughness Predictive Model of Austempered Ductile Iron Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chen Ting Ting , Guo Xu Hong , Yang Hao Jin
Published: April 2012

As a search algorithm for optimization based on the mechanics of natural selection and genetics, Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been widely used for solving optimization problems in various fields. According to the present manufacture situation of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI), three samples with different quenching temperature were prepared and their mechanical properties were tested. The ceramic cutter CC6050 were used in the precise dry cutting experiment and 2205 profilometer was used to measure the surface roughness of the workpieces. The predictive models of the surface roughness during the dry finishing process were established based on Genetic Algorithm, then the results were compared with those gotten by multiple regressions, and the relationship between the surface roughness and the quenching temperature was analyzed. the cutting speed and the feed rate has greater impact on the surface roughness among the three cutting parameters, and the obtained surface roughness was larger as the quenching temperature increased.