bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood pressure measurement and nocturnal dipping patterns are heavily affected by body posture through changes in hydrostatic pressure between the arm and the heart
Authors: Pilz Niklas , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Wolf Jacek , Kario Kazuomi , Visser Tinta , Opatz Oliver S. , Reuter Alma , Dippel Laura J. , Fesseler Leon , Heinz Viktor , Patzak Andreas , Bothe Tomas L.
Published: December 2024

Nocturnal blood pressure (BP) shows the highest predictive power for cardiovascular events. However, there is a poor reproducibility of personalized dipping patterns in single individuals. We hypothesize that changes in body position during sleep cause variations in hydrostatic pressure,leading to incorrect BP values and dipping classifications. 26 subjects aged 18–30 years, as well as 25 participants aged 50 years and older underwent ambulatory BP measurements on the left arm, as well as determination of the hydrostatic pressure difference between the cuff and heart level during BP measurement. We observed that the BP measurement cuff was above the heart level (negative hydrostatic pressure) mostly through the night. Laying on the right side revealed the largest hydrostatic pressure difference and maximum incorrect BP measurement, with a mean of –9.61 mmHg during sleep. Correcting for hydrostatic pressure led to reclassification of nocturnal hypertension in 14 subjects (27.5%). Dipping patterns changed in 19 participants (37.3%). In total, 25 subjects (49.0%) changed either their nocturnal hypertension and/or their dipping classification. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for hydrostatic pressure in ambulatory BP monitoring. Changes in body posture during sleep provide a plausible reason for the variability seen in nocturnal dipping patterns. Further research should focus on incorporating hydrostatic pressure compensation mechanisms in 24-h BP measurement. Limiting the noticeable effect of hydrostatic pressure differences could greatly improve hypertension diagnosis, classification, and treatment monitoring.
Compass-model physics on the hyperhoneycomb lattice in the extreme spin-orbit regime
Authors: Okuma Ryutaro , MacFarquharson Kylie , Johnson Roger D. , Voneshen David , Manuel Pascal , Coldea Radu
Published: December 2024

The physics of spin-orbit entangled magnetic moments of 4d and 5d transition metal ions on a honeycomb lattice has been much explored in the search for unconventional magnetic orders or quantum spin liquids expected for compass spin models, where different bonds in the lattice favour different orientations for the magnetic moments. Realising such physics with rare-earth ions is a promising route to achieve exotic ground states in the extreme spin-orbit limit; however, this regime has remained experimentally largely unexplored due to major challenges in materials synthesis. Here we report the successful synthesis of powders and single crystals of β-Na2PrO3, with 4f1 Pr4+ jeff = 1/2 magnetic moments arranged on a hyperhoneycomb lattice with the same threefold coordination as the planar honeycomb. We find a strongly non-collinear magnetic order with highly dispersive gapped excitations that we argue arise from frustration between bond-dependent, anisotropic off-diagonal exchanges, a compass quantum spin model not explored experimentally so far. Our results show that rare-earth ions on threefold coordinated lattices offer a platform for the exploration of quantum compass spin models in the extreme spin-orbit regime, with qualitatively distinct physics from that of 4d and 5d Kitaev materials.
Coupling cellular drug-target engagement to downstream pharmacology with CeTEAM
Authors: Valerie Nicholas C. K. , Sanjiv Kumar , Mortusewicz Oliver , Zhang Si Min , Alam Seher , Pires Maria J. , Stigsdotter Hannah , Rasti Azita , Langelier Marie-France , Rehling Daniel , Throup Adam , Purewal-Sidhu Oryn , Desroses Matthieu , Onireti Jacob , Wakchaure Prasad , Almlöf Ingrid , Boström Johan , Bevc Luka , Benzi Giorgia , Stenmark Pål , Pascal John M. , Helleday Thomas , Page Brent D. G. , Altun Mikael
Published: December 2024

Cellular target engagement technologies enable quantification of intracellular drug binding; however, simultaneous assessment of drug-associated phenotypes has proven challenging. Here, we present cellular target engagement by accumulation of mutant as a platform that can concomitantly evaluate drug-target interactions and phenotypic responses using conditionally stabilized drug biosensors. We observe that drug-responsive proteotypes are prevalent among reported mutants of known drug targets. Compatible mutants appear to follow structural and biophysical logic that permits intra-protein and paralogous expansion of the biosensor pool. We then apply our method to uncouple target engagement from divergent cellular activities of MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) inhibitors, dissect Nudix hydrolase 15 (NUDT15)-associated thiopurine metabolism with the R139C pharmacogenetic variant, and profile the dynamics of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1/2 (PARP1/2) binding and DNA trapping by PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Further, PARP1-derived biosensors facilitated high-throughput screening for PARP1 binders, as well as multimodal ex vivo analysis and non-invasive tracking of PARPi binding in live animals. This approach can facilitate holistic assessment of drug-target engagement by bridging drug binding events and their biological consequences.
Kalman contrastive unsupervised representation learning
Authors: Jahani Yekta Mohammad Mahdi
Published: December 2024

We first propose a Kalman contrastive (KalCo) framework for unsupervised representation learning by dictionary lookup. It builds a dynamic dictionary of encoded representation keys with a queue and a Kalman filter encoder, to which the encoded queries are matched. The large and consistent dictionaries built this way increase the accuracy of KalCo to values much higher than those of the famous momentum contrastive (MoCo) unsupervised learning, which is actually a very simplified version of KalCo with only a fixed scaler momentum coefficient. For a standard pretext task of instance discrimination on the ImageNet-1M (IN-1M) dataset; e.g., KalCo yields an accuracy of 80%, compared to 55% for MoCo. Similar results are obtained also on Instagram-1B (IG–1B). For the same task on a bunch of OpenfMRI datasets, the accuracy is 84%. We then upgrade KalCo to KalCo v2 by using an MLP projection head and more data augmentation, along also with a larger memory bank. The accuracy of KalCo v2 is around the even more impressive amounts of 90% on IN-1M and IG-1B, and 95% on OpenfMRI, the first being about 3% higher than those of three most-cited recent alternatives.
Karma economies for sustainable urban mobility – a fair approach to public good value pricing
Authors: Riehl Kevin , Kouvelas Anastasios , Makridis Michail A.
Published: December 2024

City road infrastructure can be considered a public good, and congestion is the intersection of demand for mobility with the limited available transportation supply. Congestion pricing is effective in reducing demand to sustainable levels below network capacity limits, but also controversial, as it introduces equity issues and systematically discriminates against lower-income groups. Karma is a non-monetary, fair, and efficient resource allocation mechanism that employs an artificial currency different from money, incentivises cooperation amongst selfish individuals, and achieves a balance between giving and taking. Where money does not do its job, Karma achieves socially more desirable allocations by being aligned with consumers’ needs rather than their financial power. This work highlights the value proposition of Karma, provides guidance on Karma mechanism design, and equips the reader with a useful software framework to model Karma economies and predict consumers’ behaviour. A case study of road pricing demonstrates Karma’s potential.
Direct synthesis of PtNi coated with Ni3B for efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution from seawater
Authors: Yang Xiong , Xiao Yu-Xuan , Yu Fei , Zhao Wen-Ying , Shen Ling , Ying Jie , Zhang Song , Ozoemena Kenneth I. , Janiak Christoph , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: December 2024

An electron-rich surface can optimize the hydrogen adsorption/desorption properties of catalysts and resistance to corrosion by negatively charged chloride ions.
Efficient removal of copper ions through photothermal enhanced flow-electrode capacitive deionization
Authors: He Mengyao , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Ziquan , Chen Zengye , Deng Libo
Published: December 2024

A photothermal-enhanced capacitive deionization system is constructed, which exhibits higher removal rate and selectivity towards Cu2+ upon irradiating with sunlight.
Chemoselective homologative preparation of trisubstituted alkenyl halides from carbonyls and carbenoids
Authors: Miele Margherita , Castiglione Davide , Holzer Wolfgang , Castoldi Laura , Pace Vittorio
Published: December 2024

The chemoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenyl halides (Cl, Br, F, I) starting from ketones and aldehydes and lithium halocarbenoids is reported.
Mechanism and optimization of ruthenium-catalyzed oxalamide synthesis using DFT
Authors: Monreal-Corona Roger , Joly Nicolas , Gaillard Sylvain , Renaud Jean-Luc , Valero Marc , Mayolas Enric , Pla-Quintana Anna , Poater Albert
Published: December 2024

A ruthenium pincer-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of ethylene glycol and amines forms oxalamides, a key motif in biologically active compounds. DFT calculations reveal the rate-determining step involves hydrogen release.
Impact of daily avocado consumption on gut microbiota in adults with abdominal obesity: an ancillary study of HAT, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Jieping , Lei On Kei , Bhute Shrikant , Kris-Etherton Penny M. , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Matthan Nirupa R. , Petersen Kristina S. , Sabaté Joan , Reboussin David M. , Lovato Laura , Vitolins Mara Z. , Rajaram Sujatha , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Huang Jianjun , Taw Meileen , Yang Scarlet , Li Zhaoping
Published: December 2024

Avocado consumption significantly increases gut microbiome diversity, with the potential benefits being more pronounced in individuals with a low diet quality score.
Recent advancements in the therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment: current and future perspective
Authors: Sharma Amit , Rudrawar Santosh , Bharate Sandip B. , Jadhav Hemant R.
Published: December 2024

This review collates the recent information related to proposed hypotheses for AD etiology and advances in various therapeutic options, with a particular emphasis on clinical candidates.
Reversal of chirality in solutions and aggregates of chiral tetrachlorinated diperylene diimides towards efficient circularly polarized light detection
Authors: Gao Ke , Lee Sang Hyuk , Zhao Wenkai , Ahn Jaeyong , Kim Tae Woo , Li Zhenping , Zhuo Huagui , Wang Zhiwei , Zheng Xinglong , Yan Yang , Chang Gang , Ma Wei , Zhang Mingming , Long Guankui , Oh Joon Hak , Shang Xiaobo
Published: December 2024

Chiral induction in helicene-based material 4CldiPDI enables highly sensitive circularly polarized light detection in organic phototransistors.
BF3·Et2O controlled selective synthesis of α-substituted propargylamides and β-(N-acylamino) ketones: application to carbon and sulphur nucleophiles
Authors: Ahmed Sajjad , Banday Junaid Shafi , Ahmed Qazi Naveed
Published: December 2024

This study presents a metal-free and selective synthesis of α-substituted propargylamides and β-(N-acylamino) ketones utilizing nitriles, aldehydes, and terminal alkynes, mediated by BF3·Et2O.
Coacervation for biomedical applications: innovations involving nucleic acids
Authors: Mirlohi Kimiasadat , Blocher McTigue Whitney C.
Published: December 2024

Coacervation emerges as a cutting-edge approach to enhance drug delivery, vaccines, and other therapeutics and offer potential improvements in their efficacy. Figure created in BioRender. Mirlohi, K. (2024) https://BioRender.com/c81q692.
Enhancing CO2-facilitated transport in PVAm membranes through the synergistic effect of porous molybdenum disulfide and mobilizable sulfonic groups
Authors: Wang Yonghong , Hu Fangni , Zhang Xinru , Li Jinping , Yi Shouliang
Published: December 2024

Mobilizable sulfonic groups on MoS2 expanded the hydrophilic area, which synergistically enhanced CO2-facilitated transport through interlayer space. Therefore, as-prepared mixed matrix membranes exhibited excellent gas separation performance.
Linear PDI-based conjugated polymers with directional charge transport driving photocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Chen Jiajie , Lin Wan , Lin Jing , Wang Yaobing
Published: December 2024

A linear conjugated organic polymer based on PDI was designed for directional charge transfer, it exhibits efficient charge separation that move along the chain direction. The above properties enable water oxidation for O2 production by PT-CB.
High quality white light emission from Sb3+, Tb3+ and Mn2+ co-doped Cs2NaScCl6 double perovskites
Authors: Yang Deyuan , Cui Ruirui , Deng Chaoyong
Published: December 2024

The high quality white light was obtained by co-doping Sb3+, Tb3+, Mn2+ in Cs2NaScCl6 double perovskite.
CC bond enables difluorideboron β-diketonate derivatives with high contrast mechanoresponsive luminescence for reversible writing and information encryption
Authors: Xia Yan , Li Geng , Yin Xiangkai , Li Jie , Zhao Juemin , Guo Kunpeng , Tang Yaxing , Wang Hua
Published: December 2024

CC bond cis–trans isomerization and “head-to-head” arrangement induced in high-contrast mechanoresponsive luminescence.
Insights into the regulation of mRNA translation by scaffolding proteins
Authors: Smith Madeleine R. , Costa Guilherme
Published: December 2024

Regionalisation of molecular mechanisms allows cells to fine-tune their responses to dynamic environments. In this context, scaffolds are well-known mediators of localised protein activity. These phenomenal proteins act as docking sites where pathway components are brought together to ensure efficient and reliable flow of information within the cell. Although scaffolds are mostly understood as hubs for signalling communication, some have also been studied as regulators of mRNA translation. Here, we provide a brief overview of the work unravelling how scaffolding proteins facilitate the cross-talk between the two processes. Firstly, we examine the activity of AKAP1 and AKAP12, two signalling proteins that not only have the capacity to anchor mRNAs to membranes but can also regulate protein synthesis. Next, we review the studies that uncovered how the ribosome-associated protein RACK1 orchestrates translation initiation. We also discuss the evidence pointing to the scaffolds Ezrin and LASP1 as regulators of early translation stages. In the end, we conclude with some open questions and propose future directions that will bring new insights into the regulation of mRNA translation by scaffolding proteins.
Cosmic-ray ionization of low-excitation lines in active galactic nuclei and starburst galaxies
Authors: Koutsoumpou E. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , Dasyra K. M. , Spinoglio L.
Published: December 2024

Cosmic rays (CRs) can significantly impact dense molecular clouds in galaxies, heating the interstellar medium (ISM) and altering its chemistry, ionization, and thermal properties. Their influence is particularly relevant in environments with high CR rates, such as starburst galaxies with supernova remnants or jets and outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGN). CRs also transfer substantial energy to the ionized phase of the ISM far from the ionization source, preventing gas cooling and driving large-scale winds. In this work, we use CLOUDY photoionization models to investigate the effect of CRs on nebular gas which is an area of study that remains relatively under-explored, mainly focusing on cold molecular gas. Our models cover a broad range of density (1 to 104 cm−3), ionization parameter (−3.5 ≤ log U ≤ −1.5), and CR ionization rate (10−16 s−1 to 10−12 s−1). These are compared to VLT/MUSE observations of two prototypical AGN, Centaurus A (radio-loud) and NGC 1068 (radio-quiet), and the starburst NGC 253. We find that high CR rates (≳10−13 s−1) typical of AGN and strong starburst galaxies can significantly alter the thermal structure of the ionized gas by forming a deep secondary low-ionization layer beyond the photoionization-dominated region. This enhances emission from low-ionization transitions, such as [N II]λ6584 Å, [S II]λλ6716,6731 Å, and [O I]λ6300 Å, affecting classical line-ratio diagnostics, metallicity, and ionization estimates. Unlike pure photoionization models, AGN simulations with high CR ionization rates reproduce the Seyfert loci in Baldwin, Phillips, and Terlevich (BPT) diagrams without requiring supersolar metallicities for the narrow-line region. Additionally, star-formation simulations with high CR ionization rates can explain line ratios in the LINER domain. We propose new maximum starburst boundaries for BPT diagrams in order to distinguish regions dominated by AGN photoionization from those that could be explained by star formation in conjunction with high CR ionization rates.
Profile of Students’ Scientific Reasoning Skills in Traditional Physics Laboratory Activity
Authors: Sutarja Maria Chandra , Wulandari Ana Yuniasti Retno , Tamam Badrud , Rahmah Fatiratur , Nuryanti Endah
Published: December 2024

This research aims to reveal students’ Scientific Reasoning Skills (SRS) in traditional physics labs activity. This research used one shot case study. The Lawson’s Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning Skills (LCTSR) instrument was used to explore 115 university students’ SRS after completing traditional physics laboratory activity. The research shown that (1) 0.87% of students were in formal, 1.74% of students were in early transition, 22.61% of students were in late transition, and 74.78% of students were in concrete stage of cognitive development; and (2) students’ conservation of mass and volume skill reached the highest score while students’ proportional reasoning skill reached the lowest score. This results should be used as the database to improve students’ laboratory activity.
Resilience Of Children's Language Acquisition In Intact Families In Bangkalan: A Psycholinguistic Study
Authors: Antono Mixghan Norman , Hani’ah Hani’ah , Faisal Faisal
Published: December 2024

This study aims to describe and elaborate family problems and aspects of resilience reflected in children with an intact family background. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research design of case study type. The location of data collection in this study is located in Bangkalan Regency. The form of data in this study is in the form of verbal utterances regarding resilience or the acceptance process. The data source in this study uses primary data or data obtained directly from participants as children with an intact family background. The analysis of the resilience factors of the three research subjects refers to the theory of resilience by Reivitch and Sahtee, which includes emotion regulation, empathy, reaching out, impulse control, self-efficacy, optimism, and problem cause analysis. The results of this study indicate that of the three research subjects, subjects 1, 2, and 3 have the same family problems, namely victims of parental divorce, and have ways to rise from adversity that are similar at first glance, although there are visible differences. It is hoped that this research can provide additional references and insights into resilience in a person.
The Effect Of Artificial Fish Feed From Organic Waste On Fish Cultivation In The Maritime Region
Authors: Hutajulu Ezra Solafide , Fitriani Putri , Natasha Febiana , Pohan Anggi Amanda
Published: December 2024

The Riau islands preserve the potential for raising large fisheries cultivation in the maritime region. One of the components that support fisheries cultivation is fish feed. In this globalization, feed is increasingly expensive and must be imported. This is what makes the fisheries farmers struggle to produce fish because they can only buy feed in smaller portions than they should. Innovation in place of feed by using the anchovies, coconut dregs and banana husks, which are safely consumed and created with specific formulations based on the nutritional needs of the fish, has the purpose to overcome expensive feed costs and create a clean and healthy environment. This research is a qualitative study with an experiment method. The result would be an increase in fisheries production due to solving the economic problems. Hence, the existence of artificial feed with economic value can provide great opportunities in cultivation and maritime business.
Angeborene Dakryozystozelen bei Säuglingen – Langzeitergebnisse nach minimalinvasiver endoskopischer endonasaler Therapie
Authors: Stähr Kerstin , Eckstein Anja , Neumann Inga , Hussain Timon , Lang Stephan , Mattheis Stefan
Published: December 2024

Einleitung Kongenitale Dakryozystozelen sind selten und werden durch eine Obstruktion des Tränen-Nasen-Ganges bedingt. Symptomatisch zeigen sich Epiphora, Nasenatmungsbehinderung und eine Schwellung des medialen Kanthus. Therapeutisch erfolgt zumeist eine Eröffnung der Hasner-Klappe durch Sondierung und ggf. Intubation der Tränenwege. Wir stellen ein minimalinvasives endoskopisches Vorgehen mit Marsupialisation des endonasalen Zelenanteils vor. Auf eine zusätzliche Manipulation im Bereich des Tränenweges wird zur Vermeidung von iatrogenen Verletzungen verzichtet.

Methoden Insgesamt konnten 19 Kinder (21 Augen) im Alter von 3 Tagen bis 39 Monaten in die retrospektive Auswertung eingeschlossen werden. Zwei der Patienten litten an akuter Atemnot, 7 Kinder unter rezidivierenden Infektionen mit persistierender Epiphora und 12 hatten eine akute Dakryozystitis mit orbitaler Phlegmone.

Ergebnisse In allen Fällen konnte ein endonasaler Zelenanteil detektiert und endoskopisch endonasal reseziert werden. Bei 2 Kindern, die primär im Alter von 22 und 39 Monaten operiert wurden, kam es zu Rezidiven, was jeweils eine Revisionsoperation per Dakryozystorhinostomie erforderlich machte. Alle übrigen 17 Kinder waren rezidivfrei.

Zusammenfassung Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine endoskopische endonasale Marsupialisation ohne zusätzliche Intubation oder Sondierung der Tränenwege ein erfolgreiches Therapieregime für konnatale Dakryozystozelen darstellt. Iatrogen bedingte Vernarbungen, die Anlage einer Via falsa oder eine postoperative Bakteriämie können so vermieden werden. Bei älteren Kindern mit stattgehabten Entzündungen in der Vorgeschichte, sinkt die Erfolgsrate der hier vorgestellten Operationstechnik.
Innovative Option bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: December 2024

Zahlreiche Sitzungen auf dem Kongress der European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) beschäftigten sich
mit neuen Therapiestrategien bei den verschiedenen Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltrakts. Eine kleine
Auswahl wird im Folgenden vorgestellt.
Rückführung in den Wertstoffkreislauf: Mehr Kreislaufwirtschaft durch Rücknahmesysteme
Authors: Wolf Andreas
Published: December 2024

Einige Produkte sind aufgrund ihres Materials oder des festen Verbaus verschiedenartiger Materialien nicht direkt recyclingfähig und werden deshalb im Restmüll entsorgt. Dies können spezialisierte Rücknahmesysteme verhindern und damit Rohstoffe erhalten.
Traumatisch bedingte Subluxation der Halswirbelsäule bei einer
einjährigen Alpakastute
Authors: Hümmelchen Hannah , Petzold Jana , Wagner Henrik
Published: December 2024

Eine einjährige Alpakastute wurde aufgrund einer seit 2 Wochen bestehenden
seitlichen Krümmung der oberen Halswirbelsäule vorstellig. Aufgrund des
Vorberichtes wurde von einer traumatischen Einwirkung ausgegangen. Futter- und
Tränkeaufnahme waren uneingeschränkt, das Gangbild war durch geringgradig
ataktische Bewegungen an allen 4 Gliedmaßen auffällig. Das Tier zeigte bei
Erstvorstellung keine weiteren neurologischen Ausfallserscheinungen.
Röntgenologisch stellte sich eine Verschiebung der Halswirbel nach links im
Rahmen einer Subluxation der Gelenkfortsätze der Halswirbel C4 und C5 dar. Im
Verlauf der konservativen Therapie mittels Schmerzmedikation kamen neurologische
Symptome wie Ataxie und Gleichgewichtsstörung bei uneingeschränkter
Nahrungsaufnahme hinzu. Das Tier verendete unbeobachtet.

In der pathologischen Untersuchung konnten auf Höhe der Achsabweichung der
Halswirbelsäule im Halsmark degenerative und entzündliche Veränderungen sowie
Blutungen festgestellt werden. Im Zusammenhang mit dem Vorbericht sind die
Befunde am ehesten als Folge eines stumpfen Traumas zu sehen und Ursache für die
neurologischen Symptome.

Dies ist der erste weitergehend aufbereitete Fall einer Subluxation der
Halswirbelsäule bei einem Alpaka in Deutschland.
Präputialspülung vor dem Deckakt, sinnvoll oder
nicht?
Authors: Kühn Katharina , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea , Reese Sven , Wolf Georg , Walter Beate , Leykam Christian , Flock Ulrike , Otzdorff Christiane
Published: December 2024

Gegenstand und Ziel Im Präputium des Rüden können verschiedene fakultativ
pathogene Bakterien nachgewiesen werden. Um diese zu reduzieren, spülen einige
Züchter/-innen das Präputium ihrer Deckrüden vor dem Deckakt. Ziel dieser Studie
ist es, herauszufinden, ob Präputialspülungen vor dem Deckakt medizinisch
sinnvoll sind.

Material und Methoden Bei 20 Rüden wurde das Präputium mit physiologischer
Kochsalzlösung und im Abstand von mindestens 4 Wochen mit Caniprevent gespült.
Der Effekt der unterschiedlichen Spüllösungen wurde mittels mikrobiologischer
Untersuchungen von Tupferproben, die vor und nach der Spülung genommen wurden,
verglichen.

Ergebnisse Am häufigsten wurden Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
pseudintermedius, Streptococcus canis und Mykoplasmen identifiziert. Es
konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Anzahl der nachgewiesenen Bakterien
bei Hunden mit und ohne Präputialkatarrh (p=0,878) ermittelt werden. Nach den
Spülungen kam es zu einer signifikanten Abnahme des Bakterienwachstums, wobei
die Bakterienreduktion nach Präputialspülung mit Caniprevent mit 20,8%
(p<0,001) ausgeprägter war als nach einer Spülung mit NaCl (p=0,004).

Schlussfolgerung Obwohl in dieser Studie eine Reduktion von Bakterien
durch Präputialspülungen nachgewiesen wurde, können medizinische Vorteile einer
prophylaktischen Spülung derzeit noch nicht eingeschätzt werden.

Klinische Relevanz Im Hinblick auf den Präputialkatarrh und
Präputialspüllösungen gibt es weiteren Forschungsbedarf, um die
Tierhalter/-innen besser aufklären und beraten zu können.
Vergleich der kurzfristigen und 3-jährigen onkologischen Ergebnisse zwischen roboterassistierter und laparoskopischer Gastrektomie bei Magenkarzinom
Authors: Manekeller Steffen
Published: December 2024

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die kurzfristigen und langfristigen Ergebnisse zwischen roboterassistierter Gastrektomie und laparoskopischer Gastrektomie bei Patienten mit Magenkarzinom zu vergleichen.
Biomarker für die Car-T-Zelltherapie
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2024

CD19-gerichtete CAR-T-Zellen können bei rezidivierten und refraktären großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphomen (R/R LBCL) dauerhafte Remissionen induzieren, aber 60 % der Erkrankten sprechen nicht auf die Behandlung an oder bekommen einen Rückfall. In Anbetracht der Belastung und des Aufwandes sind Prädiktoren für das Therapieansprechen dringend notwendig, so die italienische Studiengruppe. Carniti et al. identifizierten genetische und Apheresekomponenten, die den Therapieerfolg vorhersagten.
A Rare Case of Dual Primary Supratentorial Glioma and Infratentorial Meningioma
Authors: Yip Chi-Man , Jan Chia Ing
Published: December 2024

Introduction Gliomas and meningiomas are two common primary brain tumors, but occurring simultaneously in the same patient is a rare entity. The authors would like to report a case of coexistence of a superior parietal lobule diffuse glioma, IDH-wild type, histologically CNS WHO grade 3 and a left posterior fossa transitional meningioma, WHO grade 1; both the tumors were successfully removed in one-stage operation.

Case Presentation A 68-year-old female having hypertension, who presented to us with the chief complaints of involuntary shaking of her left lower limb associated with her left upper limb tingle, dizziness, and neck soreness. She was found to have a lesion in her right parietal region and a tumor in her left cerebellar region. After detailed discussion with the patient and thorough preoperative evaluation, the authors performed a right parietal craniotomy and a left retrosigmoid approach in one-stage operation to remove both the tumors, which were proven to be of two distinct histological identities.

Conclusion The management for two tumors located far apart needs a case-by-case evaluation. An important aspect while dealing with such cases is to decide which tumor needs to be operated first or whether both lesions can be operated at the same time with one-stage operation.
Application of comprehensive nursing combined with ISBAR handover
approach in the nursing of patients with placental abruption
Authors: Yang Qing , Liu Ningning , Xie Wanyang
Published: December 2024

Objective  The research for this paper was conducted to unveil the effect
of comprehensive nursing combined with the
Identification-Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (ISBAR) handover
approach in the nursing of patients with placental abruption.

Methods  The 40 cases of placental abruption patients admitted to the
Women’s Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University from May 2021 to May
2022 were subjected to conventional basic nursing combined with traditional
handover tool intervention, which was recorded as the control group; the 40
cases of placental abruption patients admitted to the Women’s Hospital School of
Medicine Zhejiang University from June 2022 to June 2023 were subjected to
comprehensive nursing combined with ISBAR handover tool intervention, which was
recorded as the observation group. Maternal and infant outcomes, the quality of
nurse handover, and the psychological burden [State Anxiety Inventory (S-AI),
Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-AI), Distress Thermometer (DT), and General
Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)] were observed in the two groups, and the
satisfaction with nursing was also assessed by using a self-administered
satisfaction scale in the two groups.

Results  The rate of normal delivery of patients in the observation group
was higher and the rate of cesarean section and the total incidence of
complications were lower than that of the control group. The 1- and 5-min Apgar
scores of the newborns in the observation group were higher and the total
complication rate was lower than that in the control group. Nurses in the
observation group had higher scores for nursesʼ shift handover quality. S-AI,
T-AI, and DT scores were lower in both groups after the intervention and were
lowest in the observation group; GSES scores were higher and were highest in the
observation group. Satisfaction with nursing was higher in the observation group
than in the control group.

Conclusion  Comprehensive nursing combined with the ISBAR handover
approach applied to the clinical care of patients with placenta abruption can
effectively improve the outcomes of mothers and infants, enhance the quality of
nursesʼ shift handovers, reduce the psychological burden of patients and
increase nursing satisfaction.
Pyramidal Stereogenic Nitrogen Centers (SNCs)
Authors: Köhler Valentin , Zaitseva Snizhana
Published: December 2024

The configuration at a stereogenic nitrogen center (SNC) determines the spatial organization of a molecule as do stereogenic carbon centers or other stereochemical moieties. The contributions of SNCs to molecular function and their consideration in molecular design are rarely prominently presented. Underlying is the configurational lability of SNCs with a free electron pair and the scarcity of methods for the stereoselective synthesis of compounds with SNCs in general. In this review, we discuss methods to access compounds with configurationally stable SNCs and highlight some of the synthetically most relevant applications. We hope to draw attention to the potential of this stereochemical feature that can be present in diverse compounds such as N-oxides, oxaziridines, haloamines, ammonium ions, metal-bound amines, and constrained amines and amides.

1 Introduction

2 Some Historical Notes

3 Factors That Influence The Nitrogen Inversion Barrier

4 Preparation and Isolation of Compounds with Configurationally Stable Stereogenic Nitrogen Centers

5 Selected Applications of Compounds with Stereogenic Nitrogen Centers

6 Final Remarks
Behaviors of microdroplets impinging on supercooled superhydrophobic microgrooves
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqing , Hu Zhifeng , Lv Rongrong , Guo Songyuan , Li Chunyu , Yang Guang , Wu Jingyi
Published: December 2024

Microdroplet impact icing is a common occurrence in high altitudes or cloud environments. There is a lack of in-depth understanding regarding the icing behaviors of microdroplets interacting with anti-icing microstructures. While the impact of microstructure pitch on delaying icing is extensively studied, the microstructure height, as a similarly technology-controllable structural parameter, has received comparatively little attention in research. This study investigates the impact dynamics of microdroplets on supercooled superhydrophobic microgrooves, utilizing the coupled level-set and volume of fluid and enthalpy-porosity technologies for precise simulation. The behaviors of microdroplets impact on supercooled surface manifest distinctive characteristics compared with ambient surface, particularly evident when We < 170 (βmax (maximum spreading diameter)/βMod (predicted spreading diameter) ∼ 0.8). Unlike flat surfaces, microgrooves have been shown to reduce βmax by 52%. Additionally, an increase in H/Do (ratio of microgroove height H and droplet diameter Do) leads to a diminishing trend in βmax, showing a reduction of 13%. The outcomes of microdroplet impact progress from complete bouncing, partial bouncing, bouncing with satellite droplet breakup, to deposition, sequentially as the We and surface supercooling degree escalate. Heightening the microstructure alters the transition point between partial bouncing and bouncing with breakup, thereby expanding the range of droplet bouncing (with thresholds being doubled). This effect is attributed to satellite droplet breakup, supported by simulation results suggesting that droplet breakup reduces interface curvature, thus facilitating bouncing. Moreover, microgroove structures have the potential to decrease the dimensionless contact time of droplets by 33% when comparing H/Do = 0.4 with H/Do = 0.1.
Effect of grain boundaries on thermal transport in bi-layer graphene nano-ribbons
Authors: Boriwaye Temitope , Ma Jihong
Published: December 2024

Defects and grain boundaries (GBs) in graphene often form during its growth and have been extensively characterized experimentally. Moreover, in graphene with two or more layers, distinct defect profiles have been identified in different layers. Although these defects and GBs are known to reduce the thermal transport in monolayer graphene, their impact on the overall thermal transport in graphene with two or more layers remains obscure, especially when unique defect profiles exist in different layers. In this study, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the role of GBs in one of the bi-layer graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), which results in a moiré-like pattern on one side of the GB. We discovered that while the GBs in one of the bi-layer GNR sheets reduce the overall in-plane thermal conductivity, κ, the reduction is mitigated by the pristine layer due to the interlayer van der Waals interaction. By closely examining different phonon modes in individual layers, we elucidate the κ reduction mechanisms in each layer. Our findings offer valuable insights into thermal engineering in graphene-based heterostructures as well as into exotic graphene bi-layer structures, such as those with moiré patterns.
Fact-checking information from large language models can decrease headline discernment
Authors: DeVerna Matthew R. , Yan Harry Yaojun , Yang Kai-Cheng , Menczer Filippo
Published: December 2024

Fact checking can be an effective strategy against misinformation, but its implementation at scale is impeded by the overwhelming volume of information online. Recent AI language models have shown impressive ability in fact-checking tasks, but how humans interact with fact-checking information provided by these models is unclear. Here, we investigate the impact of fact-checking information generated by a popular large language model (LLM) on belief in, and sharing intent of, political news headlines in a preregistered randomized control experiment. Although the LLM accurately identifies most false headlines (90%), we find that this information does not significantly improve participants’ ability to discern headline accuracy or share accurate news. In contrast, viewing human-generated fact checks enhances discernment in both cases. Subsequent analysis reveals that the AI fact-checker is harmful in specific cases: It decreases beliefs in true headlines that it mislabels as false and increases beliefs in false headlines that it is unsure about. On the positive side, AI fact-checking information increases the sharing intent for correctly labeled true headlines. When participants are given the option to view LLM fact checks and choose to do so, they are significantly more likely to share both true and false news but only more likely to believe false headlines. Our findings highlight an important source of potential harm stemming from AI applications and underscore the critical need for policies to prevent or mitigate such unintended consequences.
Shielding the Hägg carbide by a graphene layer for ultrahigh carbon efficiency during syngas conversion
Authors: Zhang Xueqing , Li Zhe , Sun Wei , Zhang Yuhua , Li Jinlin , Wang Li
Published: December 2024

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis represents a key endeavor aimed at converting nonpetroleum carbon resources into clean fuels and valuable chemicals. However, the current state-of-the-art industrial FTS employing Fe-based catalysts is still challenged by the low carbon efficiency (<50%), mainly attributed to the prominent formation of CO
2
and CH
4
resulting from the nonregulated side water gas shift reaction. Herein, we describe a shielding strategy involving the encapsulation of the active Hägg carbide (χ-Fe
5
C
2
) by a graphene layer, exhibiting excellent resilience under reaction conditions and exposure to air, thereby eliminating the need for reduction or activation before the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. The graphene layer helps to stabilize the Hägg carbide active phase, and more importantly, greatly suppresses the side water gas shift reaction. Theoretical calculations suggest that graphene shielding inhibits the water gas shift reaction by reducing the absorption strength of OH
x
species. Remarkably, the optimum χ-Fe
5
C
2
@Graphene catalyst demonstrates a minimized CO
2
and CH
4
formation of only 4.6% and 5.9%, resulting in a high carbon efficiency (ca. 90%) for value-added products. These results are expected to inspire unique designs of Fe-based nanocomposite for highly efficient FTS with regulated carbon transfer pathways.
Spontaneous emergence of straintronics effects and striped stacking domains in untwisted three-layer epitaxial graphene
Authors: Rejhon Martin , Parashar Nitika , Schellack Lorenzo , Shestopalov Mykhailo , Kunc Jan , Riedo Elisa
Published: December 2024

Emergent electronic phenomena, from superconductivity to ferroelectricity, magnetism, and correlated many-body band gaps, have been observed in domains created by stacking and twisting atomic layers of Van der Waals materials. In graphene, emergent properties have been observed in ABC stacking domains obtained by exfoliation followed by expert mechanical twisting and alignment with the desired orientation, a process very challenging and nonscalable. Here, conductive atomic force microscopy shows in untwisted epitaxial graphene grown on SiC the surprising presence of striped domains with dissimilar conductance, a contrast that demonstrates the presence of ABA and ABC domains since it matches exactly the conductivity difference observed in ABA/ABC domains in twisted exfoliated graphene and calculated by density functional theory. The size and geometry of the stacking domains depend on the interplay between strain, solitons crossing, and shape of the three-layer regions. Interestingly, we demonstrate the growth of three-layer regions in which the ABA/ABC stacking domains self-organize in stable stripes of a few tens of nanometers. The growth-controlled production of isolated and stripe-shaped ABA/ABC domains open the path to fabricate quantum devices on these domains. These findings on self-assembly formation of ABA/ABC epitaxial graphene stripes on SiC without the need of time-consuming and nonscalable graphene exfoliation, alignment, and twisting provide different potential applications of graphene in electronic devices.
The essential role of TTC28 in maintaining chromosomal stability via HSPA8 chaperone-mediated autophagy
Authors: Zhang Ge , Xiang Meiyi , Gu Liankun , Zhou Jing , Zhang Baozhen , Tian Wei , Deng Dajun
Published: December 2024

There are three distinct forms of autophagy, namely, macroautophagy, microautophagy, and HSPA8 chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). While macroautophagy is widely recognized as a regulator of chromosomal instability (CIN) through various pathways, the contributions of CMA and microautophagy to CIN remain uncertain.
TTC28
, a conserved gene in vertebrates, is frequently mutated and down-regulated in numerous human cancers. This study presents findings demonstrating the interaction between human tetratricopeptide repeat domain 28 (TTC28) and heat shock protein member 8 (HSPA8) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A proteins. The tetratricopeptide repeat domains of TTC28 bind to the C-terminal motif (PTIEEVD) in HSPA8, resulting in the subsequent degradation of TTC28 via CMA/microautophagy. Notably, the baseline frequency of micronuclei (FMN) in human cancer cells with
TTC28
knockout cells was three times greater than that in cells with wild-type
TTC28
(7.7% vs. 2.3%,
P
= 4.86E−09). Furthermore, the overexpression of Ttc28 mitigated the impact of
TTC28
knockout on FMN (11.9% vs. 4.8%,
P
= 2.83E−11). Our findings also demonstrate that CMA has a protective effect on genome stability and that TTC28 plays an essential role in the effect of CMA. These results were further supported by the quantification of γH2AX and comet analyses and the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data via bioinformatics. Mechanistically, TTC28 regulates mitosis and cytokinesis, which are involved in the maintenance of genome integrity by CMA. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that TTC28 is not only an HSPA8-mediated CMA/microautophagy substrate but also essential for maintaining chromosomal stability via CMA. Comprehensive TTC28 downregulation may lead to CIN in cancer cells.
Sequence complexity and monomer rigidity control the morphologies and aging dynamics of protein aggregates
Authors: Takaki Ryota , Thirumalai D.
Published: December 2024

Understanding the biophysical basis of protein aggregation is important in biology because of the potential link to several misfolding diseases. Although experiments have shown that protein aggregates adopt a variety of morphologies, the dynamics of their formation are less well characterized. Here, we introduce a minimal model to explore the dependence of the aggregation dynamics on the structural and sequence features of the monomers. Using simulations, we demonstrate that sequence complexity (codified in terms of word entropy) and monomer rigidity profoundly influence the dynamics and morphology of the aggregates. Flexible monomers with low sequence complexity (corresponding to repeat sequences) form liquid-like droplets that exhibit ergodic behavior. Strikingly, these aggregates abruptly transition to more ordered structures, reminiscent of amyloid fibrils, when the monomer rigidity is increased. In contrast, aggregates resulting from monomers with high sequence complexity are amorphous and display nonergodic glassy dynamics. The heterogeneous dynamics of the low and high-complexity sequences follow stretched exponential kinetics, which is one of the characteristics of glassy dynamics. Importantly, at nonzero values of the bending rigidities, the aggregates age with the relaxation times that increase with the waiting time. Informed by these findings, we provide insights into aging dynamics in protein condensates and contrast the behavior with the dynamics expected in RNA repeat sequences. Our findings underscore the influence of the monomer characteristics in shaping the morphology and dynamics of protein aggregates, thus providing a foundation for deciphering the general rules governing the behavior of protein condensates.
Understanding the superconductivity and charge density wave interaction through quasi-static lattice fluctuations
Authors: Porter Zach , Shen Lingjia , Plumley Rajan , Burdet Nicolas G. , Petsch Alexander N. , Wen Jiajia , Drucker Nathan C. , Peng Cheng , Chen Xiaoqian M. , Fluerasu Andrei , Blackburn Elizabeth , Coslovich Giacomo , Hawthorn David G. , Turner Joshua J.
Published: December 2024

In unconventional superconductors, coupled charge and lattice degrees of freedom can manifest in ordered phases of matter that are intertwined. In the cuprate family, fluctuating short-range charge correlations can coalesce into a longer-range charge density wave (CDW) order which is thought to intertwine with superconductivity, yet the nature of the interaction is still poorly understood. Here, by measuring subtle lattice fluctuations in underdoped YBa
2
Cu
3
O

6+
y

on quasi-static timescales (thousands of seconds) through X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we report sensitivity to both superconductivity and CDW. The atomic lattice shows remarkably faster relaxational dynamics upon approaching the superconducting transition at
T
c
≈ 65 K. By tracking the momentum dependence, we show that the intermediate scattering function almost monotonically scales with the relaxation distance of atoms away from their average positions above
T
c
and in the presence of the CDW state, while this peculiar trend is reversed for other temperatures. These observations are consistent with an incipient CDW stabilized by local strain. This work provides insights into the crucial role of relaxational atomic fluctuations for understanding the electronic physics cuprates, which are inherently disordered due to carrier doping.