bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the Solvent Extraction Method for Phenolic Compounds, Flavonoids, and Fucoxanthin to the Antioxidative Properties in Extracts of Chaetoceros tenuissimus Meunier
Authors: Rattanachitthawat Napapat , Kanokrung Amornrat , Rattanachitthawat Sirichet , Thumanu Kanjana , Tanthanuch Waraporn , Machana Kwanchayanawish
Published: November 2022

Chaetoceros sp. has been found to possess significant amounts of valuable fucoxanthin, phenolics, and flavonoids, with enormous nutraceutical and antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to employ ultrasound-assisted extraction to determine the antioxidant properties of extracts prepared from Chaetoceros tenuissimus using different solvents: Propylene glycol (PG), acetone (AC), and methanol (ME), with difference ultrasonication times (15 and 30 min). The total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and fucoxanthin (FUC) contents were evaluated. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging assays and lipid peroxidation by TBARS. The FUC content was analyzed by HPLC-DAD. 30-min PG extract (PG-30) exhibited the highest TPC (2.75 ± 0.14 mg GAE.g−1 DW), and FUC (8.76 ± 0.06 mg FUC. g−1). Concerning total antioxidant capacity, PG-30 was the most effective against DPPH• (IC50 = 970.19 ± 7.70 µg. mL−1) and TBARS (IC50 = 717.05 ± 1.45 µg. mL−1), while 15-min PG extract (PG-15) presented the highest inhibitory activity against ABTS+• (IC50 = 150.02 ± 6.95 µg. mL−1). The study findings demonstrate that PG extracts of C. tenuissimus exhibit high potential antioxidant activity, likely associated with their content of FUC and phenolics, and could be used in cosmetic preparations and as phytonutrients.
HIGHLIGHTS

Chaetoceros tenuissimus Meunier from Chonburi province, Thailand
High antioxidant activities of tenuissimus extracts by ultrasound assisted extraction with different solvents
The correlation between chemical substances content and antioxidant activity

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Nurses’ Behaviors, Perceptions and Diagnoses in the Diagnosing Phase of the Nursing Process within the Scope of a Case Study: A Mixed Type Study
Authors: ÇIRLAK Ahu , AKMAN YILMAZ Arzu
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The nursing process is a systematic, dynamic problem-solving process that expresses the way of thinking and acting that nurses use in performing their practices.Aim: It aims to examine nurses' perceptions of nursing diagnoses, their behaviors regarding the diagnosis phase, and their ability to identify appropriate diagnoses within the scope of a case study.Method: 103 nurses working in a private hospital in Ankara participated in the study. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Quantitative data were obtained with questionnaires, the Perceptions of Nursing Diagnosis Survey, and reports created by the nurses. Qualitative data were obtained from the observation notes kept by observing the behaviors of the nurses regarding the diagnosis.Results: Approximately half of the nurses had difficulties in data collection, diagnosis, and planning phases. Nurses had less difficulty obtaining a health history from the patient and determining subjective data after the case analysis. There was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test results regarding the problems experienced during the diagnosis phase, but their perceptions of nursing diagnoses changed positively. In the planning phase, nurses' post-test results increased significantly. As a result of the content analysis, the behaviors related to the diagnosis phase were discussed under three main themes: “data collection”, “using reference book”, and “diagnosing”.Conclusions: The case study contributed to the nurses' experience of how to deal with the diagnosis of the individuals and raising awareness of the problems they experienced in this phase.
Redes sociais no processo de gestão coletiva: o caso dos PA's do PNCF no município de Unaí/MG
Authors: Alves Raquel Aparecida , Pantoja Maria Júlia , Vieira Sérgio Ricardo Franco
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência das redes sociais em três projetos de assentamento de reforma agrária do Programa Nacional do Crédito Fundiário em Unaí/MG no processo de gestão coletiva. A pesquisa integrou as abordagens quantitativa e descritiva e como instrumento para coleta de dados utilizou-se questionários aplicados aos titulares dos lotes a fim de mapear, analisar e comparar as redes de influência, informação e cooperação/ajuda mútua. Dentre os principais resultados, verificou-se que as redes de cooperação/ajuda mútua se revelaram como as mais coesas, as redes de informação se apresentaram como as mais fragmentadas e as redes de influência apareceram em uma posição intermediária.  Ao se comparar as redes sociais mapeadas não se constatou muitas discrepâncias entre elas permitindo concluir que as redes sociais parecem influenciar, em certa medida, os processos de ação coletiva uma vez que são criadas oportunidades relacionais entre seus atores.
Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Maasa Pandemik
Authors: Bayuningsih Ratih , Syakira Hamdi Siti , Casman
Published: November 2022

Dalam sudut pandang guru bahwa pemberlakuan PJJ di anggap kurang efektif yang disebabkan oleh Sebagian guru kurang dapat memahami penggunaan teknologi, serta kemampuan dan tingkat yang motivasi siswa rendah, bahkan guru mengalami kesulitan pada saat memantau siswa, guru kesulitan mengevaluasi siswa, siswa kurang berpartisipasi aktif, siswa tidak kondusif (melakukan hal lain di luar yang seharusnya), interaksi guru dan siswa kurang terbangun, kompetensi pembelajaran siswa yang tidak tercapai, hasil belajar kurang maksimal, materi pembelajaran tidak tersampaikan, keluarga kurang berpartisipasi dan keterbatasan dalam fasilitas penunjang pembelajaran siswa. Dan di sisi lain, alasan guru yang beranggapan bahwa PJJ dapat dilakukan secara efektif adalah jika guru dapat menggunakan teknologi dalam pembelajaran, guru dapat mengatur waktu, siswa memiliki sifat karakteristik mandiri, guru dapat menyampaikan materi dengan jelaas dan menarik, siswa dapat berpartisipasi aktif, siswa mengerjakan tugas serta ujian yang di berikan, guru dapat membangun interaksi antara orang tua dan siswa, nilai ulangan tercapai, materi pembelajaran tersampaikan dengan maksimal, keluarga berpartisipasi dan fasilitas yang menunjang pembelajaran siswa.
Kata kunci: PJJ, Teknologi, Learning,
PENGAMATAN LANGSUNG TERHADAP KELENGKAPAN PENDOKUMENTASIAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RSUD PASAR MINGGU
Authors: Rahman La Ede Abdul , Hadi Muhammad , Haryanto Rohadi
Published: November 2022

Dokumentasi keperawatan adalah segala sesuatu yang ditulis maupun dicetak yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan status kesehatan pasien. Dokumentasi keperawatan harus komprehensif dan cukup fleksibel untuk dapat diperbaiki, menjaga kualitas dan kesinambungan perawatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengamatan langsung terhadap kelengkapan pendokumentasian ASKEP berbasis IT di ruang rawat inap RSUD Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan, 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 117 responden dengan menggunakan uji beda dua proporsi. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuisioner yang sudah di uji validitas dan reabilitas. Uji bivariat menggunakan Chi-square test dan uji multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian pengamatan langsung p-value 0.005 < 0.05 yang berarti memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap kelengkapan pendokumentasian ASKEP berbasis IT dengan Odd Ratio 10,352. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan kepada RSUD Pasar Minggu dapat mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kelengkapan pendokumentasian asuhan keperawatan yang sudah ada.
LINGKUNGAN MEMENGARUHI KECEMASAN MAHASISWI TERHADAP DISMENORE DI AKPER HERMINA MANGGALA HUSADA
Authors: Anugrahwati Ria , Silitonga Junita
Published: November 2022

Kecemasan adalah ketegangan, rasa tidak aman dan kekawatiran yang timbul karena dirasakan terjadi sesuatu yang tidak menyenangkan tetapi sumbernya sebagian besar tidak diketahui dan berasal dari dalam. Klasifikasi  kecemasan terbagi dalam beberapa tingkat, mulai dari ringan sampai sedang. Disminorea adalah rasa nyeri yang terjadi sebelum, selama dan sesudah menstruasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi diseminore . Penelitian ini menggunakan desain survey cross sectional study pada 77 responden mahasiswi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor psikologi, lingkungan, pendidikan seks, dan pengetahuan dengan kecemasan mahasiswi terhadap dismenore. Lingkungan mahasiswi yang kurang baik memengaruhi terjadi kecemasan mahasiswi terhadap dismenore. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah diharapkan memberikan konseling melalui fasilitas klinik remaja untuk meminimalisir kecemasan mereka terhadap dismenore, dan  memberikan pengetahuan tentang masalah menstruasi, serta cara mengatasi kecemasan saat mengalami dismenore.
POLA ASUH IBU BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA BALITA
Authors: Lali Midu Yunita Anita , Putri Ronasari Mahaji , Adi Wibowo Ragil Catur
Published: November 2022

Banyak ditemukan balita mengalami kekurangan gizi. Pola asuh ibu yang kurang baik menyebabkan terjadinya tumbuhkembang balita yang juga tidak baik. Status gizi menjadi salah satu indicator tumbuh kembang balita .Status gizi balita yang tidak normal dikaitkan dengan pola asuh ibu yang kurang sesuai. Identifikasi pola asuh dengan status gizi balita merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional. Populasi adalah ibu yang memiliki balita sebanyak 34 balita dengan sampel  sejumlah 31 orang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan aplikasi Google Form dan Buku Kartu Menuju Sehat(KMS). Hasil penelitian membuktikan hampir setengah ibu memiliki pola asuh yang kurang dan sebagian besar balita berstatus gizi kurang. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai pvalue = (0,047) < (0,05), pola asuh ibu berhubungan dengan status gizi balita di Kampung Tarung Kota Waikabubak Kabupaten Sumba Barat. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya disarankan dapat menambahkan faktor-faktor determinan dari status gizi yang belum diteliti.
Peran Pemberian Terapi Latihan Pasca Operasi Total Knee Arthroplasty pada Kasus Osteoarthritis : Artikel Review
Authors: Wijaya Saputra Andrew
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Damage to cartilage can be caused by various factors, the most common of which is osteoarthritis. Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical procedure applied to replace the knee joint area using fixed bearing implants. This surgery has a high success rate and can improve knee function and quality of life. Objective: to examine the role of physiotherapy in reducing the risk of TKA complications such as pain, swelling and decreased motor function. Methods: literature review by searching the website of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Results: Exercise therapy interventions that can be used for TKA include ROM exercises, stretching exercises, strengthening exercise, stability exercise, balance exercise, and functional exercises. Conclusion: The role of physiotherapy by providing exercise therapy in post-TKA can be useful to reduce pain and improve function, movement and quality of life.
La Puna como espacio político. Representación indígena, instituciones y conflictos (Jujuy, década de 1820)
Authors: Fandos Cecilia A.
Published: November 2022

Centrado en el contexto de la emergencia de las provincias como nuevas entidades políticas en el espacio rioplatense, a partir de 1820, este artículo trata sobre la participación y representación de la población de la Puna de Jujuy en las comunidades políticas surgentes. Esta región comprende una territorialidad indígena que en ese momento prosiguió el proceso de transformación de súbditos de la República de Indios a ciudadanos de una Nación. El objetivo central es analizar el comportamiento de estos “sujetos políticos indígenas” en ese contexto y responder a las siguientes preguntas: cómo intervinieron, con qué significados, limitaciones y alcances. Para ello se analiza la intervención de estos sujetos en un pleito “jurisdiccional” por el nombramiento del subdelegado con el cabildo de Jujuy (1826-1828), y su participación en las elecciones de 1826. Con base en fuentes oficiales de los Archivos Históricos de Salta y de Jujuy, el estudio reconstruye el funcionamiento político institucional en el que se inserta este espacio político y las prácticas desplegadas en torno a las elecciones de representantes; y se pone en evidencia comportamientos y discursos propios de unos agentes de tradición corporativa en el ámbito público pos- revolucionario de la Independencia.
The Role of Business Analytics for Enhancing Organizational Performance
Authors: Mr. Harshal Patil  , Dr. Abhay Kulkarni
Published: November 2022

Business analytics has turned out as the key factor that is helping companies find new ways to do things. Business Analytics tools can be used to improve a company's services and products. There are many things we don't know about how business analytics affects an organization's ability to come up with new ideas. Business leaders can predict trends, increase performance, see key performance metrics, as well as find business opportunities by running business analytics (BA) projects in their companies. The way the study is done involves business analytics, a culture that is driven by data, innovation, as well as a competitive edge. This inquiry was based on Sciencedirect.com and other open databases. We picked the following databases because they're well-known and used by academics worldwide. Step by step, we finished. This study analyzed BA, BI, and BD studies from 2017 to 2020. Every counted publication had one of three essential words in its abstract, title, or body. Final results were sorted by topic, type of material, discipline, number of times key terms appeared in each publication, and database type. The following sections detail our findings. The paper gives a review of the literature on business analytics depending on the references found in different places. After secondary research data, business analytics is a key part of reengineering and reviving business processes. This paper will help organization to revisit, rethink on their present business processes.
La máquina del tiempo y otras formas de jugar haciendo ciencia
Authors: Garcia Folgado Adrian
Published: November 2022

La siguiente comunicación presenta el proyecto educativo de La Máquina del Tiempo, que se ha realizado en un grupo de niñas y niños de 9 a 12 años del centro de atención diurna El Arca (Asociación). Mediante los viajes en el tiempo a diferentes épocas históricas se han acercado a la revolución industrial, con el descubrimiento del cine, la radio, la energía, la electricidad y la mecánica, adentrándose en las posibilidades que nos puede ofrecer el futuro, con la programación y la robótica.
CoderDojo Valencia: club inclusivo de robótica para jóvenes en la ETSID-UPV
Authors: Sáiz Mauleón Begoña , Llopis Carrasco Bernat , Sales Loli Iborra , Monsoriu Serra Juan Antonio
Published: November 2022

CoderDojo Valencia es el club de programación y robótica de la Asociación ByL Iniciatives Educatives bylinedu.org, que fomenta la cultura Maker y las STEAM (ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería, arte y matemáticas) desde los 7 a los 17 años. Se trata de una iniciativa abierta y gratuita, iniciada en 2013, para dar la oportunidad de aprender tecnología, programar y crear con ordenadores de manera divertida y relajada. Además de aprender a programar, se trabaja la inclusión y la cooperación, siempre potenciando el trabajo en equipo y el espíritu colaborativo. Se trabaja por grupos de interés y se estimula el aprendizaje autónomo y el pensamiento crítico, para que en sus casas tengan la capacidad de continuar con el aprendizaje y el proyecto iniciado en las aulas. Nuestra visión es que todos los niños, niñas y jóvenes deberían tener la oportunidad de aprender y ser personas creativas en un entorno divertido, social y seguro. CoderDojo Valencia cuenta con la colaboración de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño (ETSID) de la Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), que posibilita la realización de los talleres en sus instalaciones y cuenta con personal voluntario para el desarrollo y fomento de estas acciones.
Proyecto de aprendizaje autónomo y creativo basado en el diseño y la experimentación con representaciones de la arquitectura.
Authors: Cazorla Marina Puyuelo , Fuentes-Durá Pedro , Barros da Rocha Hugo
Published: November 2022

Esta investigación propone desde el sustrato de la representación gráfica, una plataforma en abierto para mostrar y conocer distintas arquitecturas con rigor y creatividad. La hipótesis del proyecto ha sido la necesidad de aplicar el diseño y las tecnologías actuales de producción, a la creación de contenidos de aprendizaje para ser utilizados libremente por los usuarios, facilitando generar soportes y aplicaciones ad hok, que pueden proporcionar recursos más versátiles de interpretación y accesibilidad. Este prototipo de aprendizaje autónomo e interactivo plantea al usuario el reto de realizar representaciones de distinto tipo, con las que desarrollar y obtener (en función de sus intereses, conocimiento, visión espacial o habilidades tecnológicas) sus propios productos. Desde modelos descriptivos y explicativos, para comprender o enseñar sobre distintos aspectos y detalles de un determinado edificio, a soportes de orientación, recursos táctiles o, sencillamente, pequeños elementos de recuerdo o regalo. El público objetivo de este proyecto es amplio y diverso: público en general, aficionados a las actividades prácticas y la cultura “maker”, o puede ser de orden profesional como la enseñanza y el sector turístico, que precisan adaptar contenidos (modelos tridimensionales, constructivos, táctiles para personas invidentes, etc.) a la diversidad de usuarios.
Nuevos formatos para la educación superior transdisciplinaria y sostenible: aprendizaje transformativo interior y exterior en “laboratorios reales”
Authors: Veciana Stella
Published: November 2022

Aunque hace décadas que se promueven programas de educación y ciencia sostenibles, aún se requieren avances notables en la transformación de los patrones insostenibles de las sociedades actuales. Abordar los fenómenos complejos relacionados con los retos del límite planetario y cambio climático requiere agentes de cambio apoyados por una cultura holística sostenible. Una cultura orientada a enlazar el cambio exterior (sistemas económicos, ecológicos, sociales, etc.) con la transformación interior (mentalidades, valores, creencias, motivaciones, conciencia, etc.). Sin embargo, apenas surgen los primeros cursos en la educación superior para el desarrollo sostenible enfocados a una transformación interior/exterior. Con el objetivo de contribuir a llenar esta laguna, este estudio analiza el diseño de uno de los seminarios de pregrado denominados ‘Laboratorios del Mundo Real en Comunidades Sostenibles’ (SC-RwL) impartidos en la Universidad Leuphana en colaboración con diferentes ecoaldeas alemanas. El análisis refleja, con base en la valoración de los estudiantes, los resultados de este entorno de aprendizaje transformativo y su didáctica transdisciplinaria ‘Research Arts’, que combina métodos científicos con prácticas comunitarias y artísticas. Después el estudio discute críticamente la eficacia y los retos del SC-RwL, especialmente en relación con las competencias para la sostenibilidad adquiridas, y extrae cualidades transformativas de ecoaldeas. Finalmente, propone cómo se pueden abordar en cursos posteriores las lecciones aprendidas y sugiere investigaciones futuras.
Comparison between Efficacy of Human Milk Fortification Using Human Milk Fortifier versus Preterm Formula: A Retrospective Single-institutional Experience
Authors: Al Mandhari Hilal , Suleman Surkhab Khan Mohammad , Al Ghammari Zahra , Al Qutaiti Hajar , Al Hatmi Jawaher , Panchatcharam Sathiya Murthi , Ganesh Aishwarya , Al-Adawi Samir
Published: November 2022

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the relative efficacy of expressed breast milk (EBM) fortified using human milk fortifier (HMF) compared to commercial preterm formula (PF) on preterm and very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in a major tertiary healthcare center in Oman. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included two cohorts of preterm (< 32 weeks gestation) or VLBW infants (birth weight < 1500 g) treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Cohort one included infants who were given PF-fortified EBM between January and December 2016, and cohort two were given newly-introduced HMF-fortified EBM between November 2018 and December 2019. Analysis was performed to compare the cohorts with respect to baseline characteristics, primary outcomes, and secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 103 neonates were included (cohort 1: n = 55, cohort 2: n = 48). There were no significant differences in the growth of the weekly length, the growth of the head circumference, or discharge growth parameters. Compared to PF, HMF was associated with significantly better weight gain velocity (g/kg/day) during the first week (p =0.009) and second week (p =0.050) after starting fortification, lower need for other adjunctive forms of fortification (p =0.035), and lower rates of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants or VLBW (p =0.018). Conclusions: This is likely to be the first study to analyze the relative efficacy of HMF and PF in the Middle East. The results of this study will be helpful in guiding standards of nutritional care in NICUs in Oman.
caminhos de Manarairema: mediação editorial e recepção de José J. Veiga
Authors: Costa Corrêa Rafael Vinicius , Salla Thiago Mio
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo busca analisar a recepção crítica de duas narrativas de José J. Veiga: o conto “A Usina Atrás do Morro”, presente no livro Os Cavalinhos de Platiplanto (1959), e o primeiro romance do escritor, A Hora dos Ruminantes (1966). Ainda que com temáticas semelhantes e publicados em espaços de tempo relativamente próximos, esses escritos recebem leituras marcadamente diversas: enquanto associa-se o primeiro ao “absurdo” e ao “fantástico” de matrizes kafkianas, toma-se o segundo, majoritariamente como uma alegoria política. Com o objetivo de examinar diferentes matizes de tais interpretações divergentes, mobilizam-se dados relativos ao contexto histórico e editorial de ambos os textos, tomando-se como referência, sobretudo, trabalhos de Chartier e Hallewell. Em linhas gerais, os dois pesquisadores corroboram e municiam, cada um à sua maneira, uma perspectiva articulada de estudo da literatura que, para além de investigar elementos intrínsecos às obras, busca compreender os processos que permeiam a composição, circulação e recepção destas enquanto livros.
Oligometastatic Disease in Prostate Cancer. Evolving paradigm: current knowledge, diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies
Authors: Matuszczak Milena , Salagierski Maciej
Published: November 2022

Although the oligometastatic type of prostate cancer (PCa) is the subject of much research, it still has no clear biological and clinical specification. It is a condition between localized and extensive PCa, in which early diagnosis and treatment are favorable prognostic factors. Not so long ago, just the presence of metastases was considered a poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Such patients were treated as if they had advanced cancer and received hormonal treatment. However, clinical trials have shown that Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) can be delayed in patients with an oligometastatic PCa (OMPCa). New therapeutic methods are being developed thanks to the advanced research and various concepts to understand the underlying biology of this type of cancer. In this review, the intention is to bring together the latest information in this domain.
Optimization growth and yield of cabbage plant by foliar application of vitamin B12 and GSH
Authors: Al-Ameri Nabeel J. K. , Al-Khafaji Aseel M. H. H. , Al-Dulaimi Najah H. A.
Published: November 2022

This research was carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall season 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement with two factors and three replicates (3X3). Spraying with vitamin B12 represented the first factor (0, 50, 100 mg.L-1), which symbolized (C0 , C1 , C2 ). GSH (0, 50, 100 mg.L-1), which symbolized (G0 , G1 , G2 ) represented the second factor. The research objectives are assessing the impact of the mentioned factors and their interaction on cabbage vegetative, quality, and yield traits. Results showed the effectiveness of two ways interaction treatment C2G2 in producing significant increases in plant height (38.03 cm) leaves number (15.33), Head hardness (26.83 kg.cm2 ) Head TSS (8.41%). However, C1G2 produced the heighest stem diameter (21.67 mm) Head periphery (57.17 cm) and total yield (21.64 ton.ha-1).
The protective effect of alfa lipoic acid against methotrexate induced acute liver injury in mice
Authors: Hasan Raghad Raheem Abd , Al-Gareeb Ali Ismail
Published: November 2022

Methotrexate induced liver injury is one of major problem resulted from it is use Previous study found that one of mechanism responsible for liver injury caused by methotrexate is oxidative stress, Alfa lipoic acid is an antioxidant and antiinflammatory dietary supplement. Aim of study is to investigate the protective effect of low and high dose of Alfa lipoic acid on methotrexate induced acute liver injury. Twenty eight male adult albino mice were divided into 4 group and in each group 7 mice, group 1 were administered distilled water and sodium bicarbonate orally by oral gavage for ten days and injected intrperitoneally normal saline on the tenth day only, group 2 were injected MTX intraperitoneally on the tenth day only, group 3 were administered orally 60 mg/kg Alfa lipoic acid orally for ten days and injected methotrexate intraperitoneally on the tenth day ,group 4 were administered orally 120mg/kg Alfa lipoic acid for ten days and injected methotrexate on the tenth day , after two days of the last treatment , the mice were anesthesized and blood was withdrawn for biochemical assessment of liver function , then sacrifing the mice and the liver was dissected out for liver tissue oxidative stress biomarker determination and histopathological study. The results show that serum level of liver enzyme and lipid peroxidation was increase ,reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase was decrease in methotrexate group, group pretreated with 60mg/kg alfa lipoic acid was showed an improvement of liver enzyme elevation and decrease level of MDA , group pretreated with 120 mg/kg alfa lipoic acid was showed more improvement in liver enzyme elevation and induce more reduction of malondialdehyde and increase level of reduced glutathione. Conclusion: pretreatment by utilizing high dose of alfa lipoic acid lead to produce more significant protection against methotrexate induced liver injury.
Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis for fluorosis using simple blood parameter neutrophil lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Gupta S. , Poddar A. N. , Kumar C. , Pervez S.
Published: November 2022

The study aims to assess the preclinical stage of fluorosis i.e. Non skeletal fluorosis in human populations using a simple blood parameter, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio as a predictive tool and includes different fluorosis categories (Dental, Skeletal & Non skeletal) surveyed out in the endemic villages and compared with the control population of non endemic area. Study Populations belonging to endemic villages Kowataal, Fulsar, Mahuapaani, Korbi and Amatikra within the block Podi uproda, distt. Korba situated in Chhattisgarh state of central India were cross sectionally studied. Segregation was done on the basis of Suspect (non-symptomatic) and Confirmed (Dental and Skeletal) cases of fluorosis and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio calculated. A total 180 individuals were included in the study, out of which 67.33 % were confirmed cases of fluorosis. A significant decline in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was observed upon chronic fluoride ingestion. In the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis of obtained NL ratios, the overall cut off value for fluorosis was obtained as ≤ 2.379 in the selected endemic region irrespective of symptoms of fluorosis i.e. dental or skeletal. The results concluding that The NL ratio can be used as a simple parameter for preclinical identification of fluorosis in fluoride exposed populations. However, urine and blood fluoride analyses of the subjects are also needed for further confirmation.
The effect of bio-fertilizers and bio-stimulants on the growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium
Authors: Mahjoub Doaa R. , Allawi Mohammed M.
Published: November 2022

The study was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the binafsaj nursery belonging to the Municipality of the Capital, Department of Parks and Afforestation / Karkh / Al-Mansour to study the effect of bio-fertilizers, foliar application with Gibberellin acid and a flower stimulator on the growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium.The study was carried out according to (4x3x2) factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates, the first factor was biofertilizer treatments were represented at four levels, they are without fertilizer M0), fungal fertilizer (Mycorrhizae) M1, bacterial fertilizer (a mixture of Azotobacter chrococcum and Azospirillum barasilense bacteria) M2 and fertilized with a mixture of (fungal fertilizer + bacterial fertilizer) M3. In addition to second factor, a three levels of folair application with Gibberellin acid 0 mg L-1 G0, 125 mg L-1 G1, and 250 mg L-1 G2. The third factor was a flower stimulator at 0 g L-1 D0 and 2 g L -1 D1. The results showed the superiority of the mixture fertilizing treatment in most of the vegetative and flowering growth characteristics, which included percentage of N, P, K, in the leaves, diameter of the flowering inflorescence and vase life, where the values were recorded (3.57%, 0.38%, 3.71%, 13.31 cm and 21.44 days), respectively. While, the M3G2D1 treatment was superior in the characteristics of inflorescence diameter (14.89 cm). The treatment M3G1D1 was superior in the traits of N%, P% and K% and vase life, as the values were (3.98%, 0.49%, 4.01%, 23.67 days), respectively
An unexpected cause of constipation and abdominal distension in COPD
Authors: De Smet M , Derom E , Joos G
Published: November 2022

Question: A 62-year old man presented to our tertiary care hospital for a second opinion regarding end stage COPD GOLD 4D. He had a medical history of former alcohol use complicated by liver steatosis and former smoking. Upon admission the patient complained of constipation and abdominal distension. Physical examination showed diffuse hypertympanic percussion and diffuse abdominal pain upon palpation without signs of peritoneal irrita- tion. CRP, hemoglobin, lactate, liver enzymes, and serum creatinine were within limits of normal. Abdominal radiography showed dilatation of the colon transversum with intramural and intra-abdominal free air (Figure 1). Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT showed extensive intramural air in the right hemicolon (Figure 2).

Answer: The findings are consistent with pneumatosis intestinalis (PI). Conservative management with oxygen, triple bronchodilator therapy, fasting, laxation and antibiotic therapy resulted in resolution of the clinical symptoms.
Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerative stenosing enteritis (CMUSE) diagnosed by retrograde motorized spiral enteroscopy
Authors: Belhassine M , Dragean C , Dano H , Moreels T.G.
Published: November 2022

We present the case of a 59-years-old woman with a history of abdominal pain and iron-deficiency anemia. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy turned out negative and further investigation with wireless videocapsule showed an inflammatory stricture in the middle of the small bowel with retention of the videocapsule. Treatment with budesonide was initiated and allowed the spontaneous evacuation of the videocapsule. Retrograde motorized spiral enteroscopy was performed and confirmed an ulcerative stricture 60 cm proximal to the ileocaecal valve. Clinical, iconographic, endoscopic and histological results were compatible with a rare entity described as cryptogenic multifocal ulcerative stenosing enteritis (CMUSE). After the diagnosis budesonide was replaced by azathioprine 100 mg/d as an immunosuppressor. However, azathioprine induced mild pancreatitis and a second course of
The impact of rifaximin on the hospital burden and infections in patients with hepatic encephalopathy: a retrospective observational study
Authors: De Graeve J , Vanderstraeten E , Delvaeye T , De Lepeleere S , De Somer T , Van Steenkiste C
Published: November 2022

Background and study aims: Advanced liver disease frequently culminates in hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which can be classified as covert or overt HE, with subtle or clinically obvious changes respectively. 30-40% of patients with cirrhosis develop overt HE, which negatively affects the patients’ quality of life. Next to lactulose, rifaximin-a has been prescribed as a second line therapy to treat and reduce the risk of recurrence of overt HE. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of rifaximin-a therapy, both on the number of occurring infections and on the evolution in hospital admissions of patients with overt HE.

Patients and methods: A total of 66 cirrhotic patients, treated for at least 6 months with rifaximin-a at AZ Maria Middelares, between October 1st 2014 and January 1st 2020, were included in the study analysis. Medical records of all patients were evaluated over a period of 6 months prior and after initiation of rifaximin-a therapy.

Results: Data analysis revealed that the included cirrhotic patients were severely ill, with a mean model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of 21, and a median Child Pugh score of 11. Among these patients, rifaximin-a treatment significantly downgraded the total number of infections, with a main effect on respiratory infections. Furthermore, rifaximin-a therapy led to a significant decrease in HE-related, as well as in other liver-related hospital admissions.

Conclusions: This study confirms the potential value of rifaximin-a in reducing the number of developing infections and hospital admissions in a severely ill cirrhotic patient population.
Characteristic endoscopic findings of gastrointestinal malignant lymphomas other than mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Kanno T , Katano T , Shimura T , Nishigaki R , Kojima Y , Sasaki M , Okuda Y , Sugimura N , Fukusada S , Mizuno Y , Iwasaki H , Nishie H , Tanaka M , Ozeki K , Kubota E , Tanida S , Kataoka H
Published: November 2022

Background and study aims: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common site of extra-nodal involvement for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). The features of GI NHLs remain unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify endoscopic characteristics of GI NHLs.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the morphological characteristics of 63 GI malignant lymphomas other than mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Lesions were diagnosed between 2005 and 2020. Macroscopic findings were classified into five subtypes: superficial (S); protruding without ulcer (P); protruding with ulcer (PU); fungating (F); and multiple nodules (MN).

Results: Thirty-one lesions in the stomach were classified as S type in 3 cases (9.6%), P type in 6 (19%), PU type in 13 (42%), and F type in 9 (29%). In the stomach, the ulcerated phenotype was more frequent for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (89.5%) than for other histological types (41.7%; P = 0.01). In the intestine, 23 tumors were classified as S type in 4 cases (17%), P type in 1 (4%), PU type in 6 (26%), F type in 1 (4%), and MN in 11 (48%). Eleven of the 14 cases (78.6%) of intestinal follicular lymphoma lesions showed MN type. In the colon, eight tumors were classified as S type in 2 cases (25%), P type in 2 (25%), PU type in 1 (13%), and F type in 3 (38%).

Conclusion: We have clarified the endoscopic features of GI NHL using macroscopic classifications. The ulcerated phenotype was the most frequent endoscopic finding for DLBCL.
EL RÉGIMEN IMPOSITIVO PARA MICROEMPRESAS Y SU IMPACTO FINANCIERO Y ECONÓMICO EN EMPRESAS DEL ECUADOR
Authors: Guayama Villegas Katherine Estefanía
Published: November 2022

El presente proyecto de investigación tiene como finalidad presentar el análisis del impacto financiero y económico que presentan las microempresas farmacéuticas en el Ecuador, referente al nuevo régimen microempresas, por lo cual se emplearon métodos de investigación cualitativa, utilizando técnicas como entrevista a expertos tributarios y a microempresarios que cancelaron el impuesto a la renta con este nuevo régimen, considerando como unidad de investigación a 15 microempresas en las Provincias del Guayas y Pichincha realizando el análisis de datos de Estados Financieros mediante razones financieras para obtener información para la aplicación y cálculo del nuevo impuesto. Mediante el análisis estos casos del periodo fiscal 2020, se descubrieron que existen ventajas y desventajas de este régimen tributario, habiendo aceptación en parte y desacuerdos en otros microempresarios.
ESTRATEGIAS DE MANEJO DEL TALENTO HUMANO PARA LA PREVENCIÓN DE FACTORES DE RIESGO POR COVID-19
Authors: Alcívar González Martha Andreina , Faustos Vanegas Andrea Elizabeth , Malatay González Karina Ecilda
Published: November 2022

El presente estudio se basa en un estudio se basa en la problemita existente actualmente en las empresas debido a la llegada al mundo del COVID-19, en especial cuando se tratan de empresas dedicadas al cultivo de algún producto. En este caso el enfoque del proyecto se basa en una empresa dedicada al cultivo y comercialización de banano, puesto que, a diferencia de otras entidades, estas a pesar del confinamiento ocasionado por la crisis sanitaria del coronavirus siguieron con la realización de sus actividades de manera normal y cotidiana. Por esta razón, el talento humano ha sido la parte más afectada puesto que se encuentra enfrentándose a los riesgos del contacto físico con sus compañeros de trabajo y a la reducción de las defensas corporales causada por la exposición a químicos y fertilizantes necesarios dentro de esta actividad económica. El objetivo primordial del trabajo es diseñar estrategias de prevención de factores de riesgo ocasionadas por coronavirus. La propuesta se basa en nueve estrategias destinadas a prevenir y evitar que los colaboradores de la empresa se contagien del virus, que disminuyan su desempeño y se trata de motivarlos de alguna manera para hacerle frente a la pandemia dentro y fuera de la empresa, a través del conocimiento de medidas y protocolos para aprender a vivir con el virus. Para finalizar, se realiza un análisis del costo de las estrategias para luego determinar el costo/beneficio de la de la investigación.
Impacts of land cover changes on biogenic emission and its contribution to ozone and secondary organic aerosol in China
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Zhu Shengqiang , Wang Siyu , Wang Peng , Chen Jianmin , Zhang Hongliang
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The greening impacts in China led to an increase in natural emissions, which may further aggravate the local burden of secondary organic aerosol and ozone. Thus, a robust natural emissions inventory is crucial for assessing the contribution of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) to air quality. However, using different satellites will introduce uncertainties in BVOC estimations. Quantitative analysis is needed for evaluating the accuracy of BVOC estimations and their impacts on air quality. In this study, Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) v2.1 was used to investigate the impact of different LAI and LC datasets on BVOC emissions in China in 2016 and impacts on O3 and SOA were evaluated based on the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modelling System (CMAQ). Three LAI satellite datasets of the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD15A2H version 6 (MOD15), and the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS), as well as three LC satellite datasets of the MODIS MCD12Q1 LC products, the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) LC products, and the CGLS LC products were used in five parallel experiments (cases: C1-C5). Results show that BVOC emissions in China range from 25.42 to 37.39 Tg in 2016 and are mainly concentrated in central and south-eastern China, with the highest in C5 (using GLASS and CGLS LC) and the least in C4 (using GLASS and C3S LC). According to model validations, C4 is the better choice for estimating BVOC emissions in China compared to other scenarios. In addition, the use of different LAI and LC inputs has a further impact on the concentrations of O3 and SOA, especially in central and eastern China, where the differences are up to 4.8–6.9 ppb and 5.3–8.4 μg m-3 in O3 and biogenic SOA (BSOA), respectively. Due to the summer monsoon, a large amount of O3 is also transported from southern China to the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and North China Plain (NCP), resulting in a large difference in O3 concentrations between different cases. For example, the O3 in C1 (using GLASS and MCD12Q1) is 3.6 ppb higher than in C4 in the YRD. Furthermore, isoprene contributes most to BSOA concentrations in China, which is 1-fold higher than monoterpenes and 1.5-fold higher than sesquiterpenes. The BSOA formed by isoprene is the main reason resulting in the difference between C1 and C5.
Modelling the Point Mass Balance for the Glaciers of Central European Alps using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Anilkumar Ritu , Bharti Rishikesh , Chutia Dibyajyoti , Aggarwal Shiv Prasad
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Glacier mass balance is typically estimated using a range of in-situ measurements, remote sensing measurements, and physical and temperature index modelling techniques. With improved data collection and access to large datasets, data-driven techniques have recently gained prominence in modelling natural processes. The most common data-driven techniques used today are linear regression models and, to some extent, non-linear machine learning models such as artificial neural networks. However, the entire host of capabilities of machine learning modelling has not been applied to glacier mass balance modelling. This study used monthly meteorological data from ERA5-Land to drive four machine learning models: random forest (ensemble tree type), gradient-boosted regressor (ensemble tree type), support vector machine (kernel type) and artificial neural networks (neural type). We also use ordinary least squares linear regression as a baseline model against which to compare the performance of the machine learning models. Further, we assess the requirement of data for each of the models and the requirement for hyperparameter tuning. Finally, the importance of each meteorological variable in the mass balance estimation for each of the models is estimated using permutation importance. All machine learning models outperform the linear regression model. The neural network model depicted a low bias, suggesting the possibility of enhanced results in the event of biased input data. However, the ensemble tree-based models, random forest and gradient-boosted regressor outperformed all other models in terms of the evaluation metrics and interpretability of the meteorological variables. The gradient-boosted regression model depicted the best coefficient of determination value of 0.713. The feature importance values associated with all machine learning models suggested high importance to meteorological variables associated with ablation. This is in line with predominantly negative mass balance observations. We conclude that machine learning techniques are promising in estimating glacier mass balance and can incorporate information from more significant meteorological variables as opposed to a simplified set of variables used in temperature index models.
Mammals in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone’s Red Forest: a motion activated camera trap study
Authors: Beresford Nicholas A. , Gashchak Sergii , Wood Michael D. , Barnett Catherine L.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Since the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 there have been few studies published on medium/large mammals inhabiting the area from which the human population was removed (now referred to as the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone). The dataset presented in this paper describes a motion activated camera trap study (n=21 cameras) conducted from September 2016–September 2017 in the Red Forest located within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. The Red Forest, which is likely the most anthropogenically contaminated radioactive terrestrial ecosystem on earth, suffered a severe wildfire in July 2016. The motion activated trap cameras were therefore in place as the Red Forest recovered from the wildfire. A total of 45859 images were captured and of these 19391 contained identifiable species or organism types (e.g. insects). A total of 14 mammal species were positively identified together with 23 species of birds (though birds were not a focus of the study). Weighted absorbed radiation dose rate rates were estimated for mammals across the different camera trap locations; the number of species observed did not vary with estimated dose rate. We also observed no relationship between estimated weighted absorbed radiation dose rates and the number of triggering events for the four main species observed during the study (Brown hare, Eurasian elk, Red deer, Roe deer). The data presented will be of value to those studying wildlife within the CEZ both from the perspectives of the potential effects of radiation on wildlife and also rewilding in this large, abandoned area. They may also have value in any future studies investigating the impacts of the recent Russian military action in the CEZ. The data and supporting documentation are freely available from the Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) under the terms and conditions of a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence: https://doi.org/10.5285/bf82cec2-5f8a-407c-bf74-f8689ca35e83 (Barnett et al. 2022a).
Prácticas trasnacionales y asociacionismo migrante: el caso colombiano en la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: García Burgos Jorge
Published: November 2022

En este artículo, se analizan las practicas transnacionales realizadas por las asociaciones de migrantes colombianos establecidas en la Comunidad de Madrid. Los estudios sobre asociacionismo migrante dan cuenta de las dificultades que tienen estas organizaciones para realizar este tipo de acciones y, especialmente, acceder a su financiación a través de proyectos de codesarrollo. Frente a esta realidad, se constata como las asociaciones combinan este tipo de prácticas institucionales con otras de carácter informal o espontáneo, autogestionadas desde las propias organizaciones. La lógica detrás de ambos tipos de acciones es la misma: la obtención de recursos para ampliar el alcance de las organizaciones y permitir su continuidad en el tiempo.