bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis is modulated by nitrogen supply and reduced water availability in Picea abies
Authors: Ofori-Amanfo Kojo Kwakye , Klem Karel , Veselá Barbora , Holub Petr , Agyei Thomas , Juráň Stanislav , Grace John , Marek Michal V , Urban Otmar
Published: March 2023

It is assumed that the stimulatory effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on photosynthesis and growth may be substantially reduced by co-occurring environmental factors and the length of CO2 treatment. Here, we present the study exploring the interactive effects of three manipulated factors ([CO2], nitrogen supply and water availability) on physiological (gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence), morphological and stoichiometric traits of Norway spruce (Picea abies) saplings after 2 and 3 years of the treatment under natural field conditions. Such multifactorial studies, going beyond two-way interactions, have received only limited attention until now. Our findings imply a significant reduction of [CO2]-enhanced rate of CO2 assimilation under reduced water availability which deepens with the severity of water depletion. Similarly, insufficient nitrogen availability leads to a down-regulation of photosynthesis under elevated [CO2] being particularly associated with reduced carboxylation efficiency of the Rubisco enzyme. Such adjustments in the photosynthesis machinery result in the stimulation of water-use efficiency under elevated [CO2] only when it is combined with a high nitrogen supply and reduced water availability. These findings indicate limited effects of elevated [CO2] on carbon uptake in temperate coniferous forests when combined with naturally low nitrogen availability and intensifying droughts during the summer periods. Such interactions have to be incorporated into the mechanistic models predicting changes in terrestrial carbon sequestration and forest growth in the future.
Dynamic changes of the contents of photoprotective substances and photosynthetic maturation during leaf development of evergreen tree species in subtropical forests
Authors: Yu Zheng-Chao , Lin Wei , He Wei , Yan Guan-Zhao , Zheng Xiao-Ting , Luo Yan-Na , Zhu Hui , Peng Chang-Lian
Published: March 2023

Many studies have investigated the photoprotective and photosynthetic capacity of plant leaves, but few have simultaneously evaluated the dynamic changes of photoprotective capacity and photosynthetic maturation of leaves at different developmental stages. As a result, the process between the decline of photoprotective substances and the onset of photosynthetic maturation during plant leaf development are still poorly understood, and the relationship between them has not been quantitatively described. In this study, the contents of photoprotective substances, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic capacity of leaves at different developmental stages from young leaves to mature leaves were determined by spatio-temporal replacement in eight dominant tree species in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests. The correlation analysis found that the data sets of anthocyanins, flavonoids, total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity were mainly distributed on one side of the symmetry axis (y = x), while the data sets of flavonoids, total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity were mainly distributed on both sides of the symmetry axis (y = x). In addition, the content of photoprotective substances in plant leaves was significantly negatively correlated with photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic capacity but was significantly positively correlated with dark respiration rate (Rd). When chlorophyll accumulated to ~50% of the final value, the photoprotective substance content and Rd of plant leaves reached the lowest level, and anthocyanins disappeared completely; in contrast, the photosynthetic capacity reached the highest level. Our results suggest that anthocyanins mainly play a light-shielding role in the young leaves of most plants in subtropical forests. In addition, 50% chlorophyll accumulation in most plant leaves was the basis for judging leaf photosynthetic maturity. We also believe that 50% chlorophyll accumulation is a critical period in the transition of plant leaves from high photoprotective capacity (high metabolic capacity, low photosynthetic capacity) to low photoprotective capacity (low metabolic capacity, high photosynthetic capacity).
Development of a Greenhouse Method to Evaluate the Peanut Resistance to Athelia rolfsii
Authors: Tsai Yun-Ching , Brenneman Timothy B. , Holbrook Carl C. , Chu Ye , Ozias-Akins Peggy , Bertioli David J. , Leal-Bertioli Soraya C. M.
Published: March 2023

Peanut stem rot (also known as white mold), caused by the fungus Athelia rolfsii, is one of the most damaging soilborne pathogens for U.S. peanut production. The disease is mainly controlled by fungicides and by adopting cultivars with moderate resistance. Field evaluation is the main approach for evaluating plant resistance, but it is costly and labor-intensive. Reliable methods for in vitro or greenhouse evaluations are desirable. Greenhouse, growth chamber, and in vitro methods have been tried to assess resistance, but they generally do not correlate well with field results. In this study, we developed a reliable method to assess resistance to stem rot on peanut under greenhouse conditions. Stem cuttings were taken from 60-day-old plants and placed into a cup filled with potting mix. Cuttings were inoculated with active A. rolfsii mycelial plugs above the soil line, with mycelium directly contacting the stem. Inoculated cuttings were put in a mist chamber to keep humidity high. Highly significant differences in disease resistance among genotypes were found at 7 days after inoculation ( P < 0.05). Moreover, evaluations done at 3, 5, 7, and 9 days after inoculation and the area under the disease progress curve were significantly correlated with field evaluations of the same genotypes. This greenhouse assay is a step forward to screen peanut germplasm more efficiently for stem rot resistance.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Complete Genome Sequence Resource of Pseudomonas koreensis FP1691, a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Isolated from Cowpea
Authors: Gu Yi-Lin , Liao Kai-Ji , Liu Jing , Zhang Yu-Qin , Wei Hai-Lei
Published: March 2023

Pseudomonas koreensis is a notable colonizer that acts as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and has extensive significance in soil health improvement, sustainable agricultural practices, and maintenance of rhizospheric microbial diversity. Here, we report high-quality genome information of P. koreensis FP1691, isolated from the cowpea rhizosphere. The genome was assembled into a single circular chromosome of 6.30 Mb with a G + C content of 60.23%. FP1691 was predicted to contain 5,548 genes, including 642 genes related to general function prediction only, 535 genes associated with amino acid transport and metabolism, and 119 genes linked to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism. Furthermore, there are 12 secondary metabolite gene clusters in the FP1691 genome, including a potential biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for lokisin synthesis that exhibited more than 95% identity with the known clusters. Therefore, we inferred that the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides is an important mechanism of FP1691 as an invaluable resource for biocontrol agents.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Phosphorylated Upstream Frameshift 1–dependent Nonsense-mediated μ-Opioid Receptor mRNA Decay in the Spinal Cord Contributes to the Development of Neuropathic Allodynia–like Behavior in Rats
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Chun , Lai Cheng-Yuan , Yeh Chou-Ming , Yang Po-Sheng , Cheng Jen-Kun , Wang Hsueh-Hsiao , Lin Kuan-Hung , Nie Siao-Tong , Lin Tzer-Bin , Peng Hsien-Yu
Published: March 2023

Background

Nonsense-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) decay increases targeted mRNA degradation and has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression in neurons. The authors hypothesized that nonsense-mediated μ-opioid receptor mRNA decay in the spinal cord is involved in the development of neuropathic allodynia–like behavior in rats.

Methods

Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes received spinal nerve ligation to induce neuropathic allodynia–like behavior. The mRNA and protein expression contents in the dorsal horn of animals were measured by biochemical analyses. Nociceptive behaviors were evaluated by the von Frey test and the burrow test.

Results

On Day 7, spinal nerve ligation significantly increased phosphorylated upstream frameshift 1 (UPF1) expression in the dorsal horn (mean ± SD; 0.34 ± 0.19 in the sham ipsilateral group vs. 0.88 ± 0.15 in the nerve ligation ipsilateral group; P < 0.001; data in arbitrary units) and drove allodynia-like behaviors in rats (10.58 ± 1.72 g in the sham ipsilateral group vs. 1.19 ± 0.31 g in the nerve ligation ipsilateral group, P < 0.001). No sex-based differences were found in either Western blotting or behavior tests in rats. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3) triggered SMG1 kinase (0.06 ± 0.02 in the sham group vs. 0.20 ± 0.08 in the nerve ligation group, P = 0.005, data in arbitrary units)–mediated UPF1 phosphorylation, leading to increased nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factor SMG7 binding and µ-opioid receptor mRNA degradation (0.87 ± 0.11–fold in the sham group vs. 0.50 ± 0.11–fold in the nerve ligation group, P = 0.002) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of this signaling pathway in vivo ameliorated allodynia-like behaviors after spinal nerve ligation.

Conclusions

This study suggests that phosphorylated UPF1–dependent nonsense-mediated μ-opioid receptor mRNA decay is involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Subsequent Forearm Fractures Following Initial Surgical Fixation
Authors: Lindgren Amelia M. , Sendek Gabriela , Manhard Claire E. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Pennock Andrew T.
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Forearm fractures are a common pediatric injury. Currently, there is no consensus on treatment for fractures that recur following initial surgical fixation. The objective of this study was to investigate the subsequent fracture rate and patterns and describe the treatment of these forearm fractures.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified patients who underwent surgical treatment for an initial forearm fracture at our institution between 2011 and 2019. Patients were included if they sustained a diaphyseal or metadiaphyseal forearm fracture that was initially treated surgically with a plate and screw construct (plate) or elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN), and if they subsequently sustained another fracture that was treated at our institution.

Results:

A total of 349 forearm fractures were treated surgically with ESIN or a plate fixation. Of these, 24 sustained another fracture, yielding a subsequent fracture rate of 10.9% for the plate cohort and 5.1% for the ESIN cohort (P=0.056). The majority of plate refractures (90%) occurred at the proximal or distal plate edge, while 79% of the fractures treated previously with ESINs occurred at the initial fracture site (P<0.001). Ninety percent of plate refractures required revision surgery, with 50% underwent plate removal and conversion to ESIN, and 40% underwent revision plating. Within the ESIN cohort, 64% were treated nonsurgically, 21% underwent revision ESINs, and 14% underwent revision plating. Tourniquet time for revision surgeries were shorter for the ESIN cohort (46 vs. 92 min; P=0.012). In both cohorts, all revision surgeries had no complications and healed with evidence of radiographic union. However, 9 patients (37.5%) underwent implant removal (3 plates and 6 ESINs) after subsequent fracture healing.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to characterize subsequent forearm fractures following both ESIN and plate fixation and to describe and compare treatment options. Consistent with the literature, refractures following surgical fixation of pediatric forearm fractures may occur at a rate ranging from 5% to 11%. ESINs are both less invasive at the time of initial surgery and can often be treated nonoperatively if there is a subsequent fracture, while plate refractures are more likely to be treated with a second surgery and have a longer average surgery time.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV—retrospective case series.
Electroacupuncture-induced activation of GABAergic system alleviates airway inflammation in asthma model by suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Gong Ruisong , Liu Xiaowen , Zhao Jing
Published: March 2023

Background:

Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to attenuate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Studies have shown that EA can significantly increase the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in mice, and can also increase the expression level of GABA type A receptor (GABAAR). Furthermore, activating GABAAR may relieve inflammation in asthma by suppressing toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of GABAergic system and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in asthmatic mice treated with EA.

Methods:

A mouse model of asthma was established, and a series of methods including Western blot and histological staining assessment were employed to detect the level of GABA, and expressions of GABAAR and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB in lung tissue. In addition, GABAAR antagonist was used to further validate the role and mechanism of GABAergic system in mediating the therapeutic effect of EA in asthma.

Results:

The mouse model of asthma was established successfully, and EA was verified to alleviate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. The release of GABA and the expression of GABAAR were significantly increased in asthmatic mice treated with EA compared with untreated asthmatic mice (P < 0.01), and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway was down-regulated. Moreover, inhibition of GABAAR attenuated the beneficial effects of EA in asthma, including the regulation of airway resistance and inflammation, as well as the inhibitory effects on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that GABAergic system may be involved in mediating the therapeutic effect of EA in asthma, possibly by suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
The influence of metastatic patterns and tumor load on therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma as determined by quantitative PET-parameters using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography
Authors: Berberich Cornelius , Mustafa Mona , Zhuwu Yize , Gaa Jochen , Krackhardt Angela , Nekolla Stephan G.
Published: March 2023

The introduction of immunotherapy was a revolution in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Nevertheless, there are only few clinical parameters to predict response to immunotherapy. The purpose of this study was to identify metastatic patterns that can predict response by using noninvasive 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. In 93 immunotherapy-treated patients, total metabolic tumor volume (MTV) was measured before and after treatment. The differences were compared to quantify therapy response. Patients were divided into seven subgroups regarding the affected organ systems. The results as well as clinical factors were evaluated in multivariate analyses. No subgroup of metastatic patterns had a significant difference in response rates, but with a trend towards poorer response regarding osseous and hepatic metastases. Osseous metastases presented with significant lower disease-specific survival (DSS) (P = 0.001). Sole lymph node metastases were the only subgroup with MTV reduction and with significant higher DSS (57.6 months; P = 0.033). Patients, who ever developed brain metastases, showed a high progression of MTV of 201 ml (P = 0.583) and poor DSS of 49.7 months (P = 0.077). Lower numbers of affected organs indicated significantly higher DSS (hazard ratio, 1.346; P = 0.006). Osseous metastases represented a negative predictive factor for response to immunotherapy and survival. Cerebral metastases, especially when nonresponsive to immunotherapy, predicted poor survival and high increase of MTV. A high number of affected organ systems was identified as a negative factor for response and survival. Patients with only lymph node metastases showed a better response and survival.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lymphocyte Populations in Acute Skin Rejection: The University Health Network Addition to the Banff Classification
Authors: Haykal Siba , Barone Natasha , Rostami Sara , Moshkelgosha Sajad , Juvet Stephen , Keshavjee Shaf , Ghazarian Danny
Published: March 2023

Background:

Acute rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation has been identified using the Banff 2007 working classification. We propose an addition to this classification based on histological and immunological assessment within the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Methods:

Biopsies from vascularized composite transplant patients were obtained at scheduled visits and whenever skin changes occurred. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed on all samples, looking at infiltrating cells.

Results:

Observations were made specifically related to each component of the skin, including the epidermis, dermis, vessels, and subcutaneous tissue. Our findings led to the establishment of the University Health Network addition of skin rejection.

Conclusions:

The high rate of rejection where the skin is involved requires novel techniques for early detection. The University Health Network skin rejection addition can serve as an adjunct to the Banff classification.
The relationship between dietary patterns and ophthalmic disease
Authors: Mulpuri Lakshman , Sridhar Jayanth , Goyal Himani , Tonk Rahul
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review

There is a rising interest in the impact of diet on the pathogenesis of common ophthalmic conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential preventive and therapeutic power of dietary interventions described in recent basic science and epidemiological literature.

Recent findings

Basic science investigations have elucidated a variety of mechanisms by which diet may impact ophthalmic disease, particularly through its action on chronic oxidative stress, inflammation and macular pigmentation. Epidemiologic investigations have shown the real-world influence of diet on the incidence and progression of a number of ophthalmic diseases, particularly cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. A large observational cohort study found a 20% reduction in the incidence of cataract among vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians. Two recent systematic reviews found that higher adherence to Mediterranean dietary patterns was associated with a decreased risk of progression of AMD to later stages. Finally, large meta-analyses found that patients following plant-based and Mediterranean diets had significant reductions of mean haemoglobin A1c scores and incidence of diabetic retinopathy as compared with controls.

There is a significant and growing body of evidence that Mediterranean diet and plant-based diets – those that maximize fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts; and that minimize animal products and processed foods – help prevent vision loss from cataract, AMD and diabetic retinopathy. These diets may hold benefits for other ophthalmic conditions, as well. Nevertheless, there is a need for further randomized, controlled and longitudinal studies in this area.
Development of a Risk Stratification Model for Pre–liver-Transplant Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Travers Paul M. , Cortés Pedro , Body Ashton E. , Palmer William C. , Pang Maoyin
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:

Colonoscopies are routinely obtained before liver transplantation, although their utility is a highly debated topic in the literature. We aimed to determine the risk factors in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC) for post-colonoscopy complications (PCC).

Materials and Methods:

We performed a single-center retrospective study of patients with DC undergoing colonoscopy as part of their pre–liver-transplant evaluation. The primary composite outcome was defined as a complication occurring within 30 days of the colonoscopy. Complications included acute renal failure, new or worsening ascites or hepatic encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, or any cardiopulmonary or infectious complication. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to derive a risk score in predicting the primary composite outcome.

Results:

The strongest predictors of post-colonoscopy complication were MELD-Na ≥21 [aOR 4.0026 (P=0.0050)] and history of any infection in the 30 days before colonoscopy [aOR 8.4345 (P=0.0093)]. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the final model was 0.78. The predicted risk of any complication at the lowest quartile was 16.2% to 39.4%, and the observed risk was 30.6% (95% CI: 15.5-45.6%), while the predicted risk at the highest quartile was 71.9% to 97.1%, and the observed risk was 81.3% (95% CI: 67.7-95%).

Conclusion:

In this cohort of patients with DC undergoing colonoscopy for pre–liver-transplant evaluation, a history of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and MELD-Na were found to be predictive of PCC. This risk score may help to predict PCC in patients with DC undergoing a pre-transplant colonoscopy. External validation is recommended.
Eosinophilic respiratory disorders and the impact of biologics
Authors: Bernstein Joshua S. , Wechsler Michael E.
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review

Eosinophils are involved in combating parasitic, bacterial, viral infections as well as certain malignancies. However, they are also implicated in an array of upper and lower respiratory disease states. Through a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis, targeted biologic therapies have revolutionized glucocorticoid sparing treatment of eosinophilic respiratory diseases. This review will focus on the impact of novel biologics on the management of asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).

Recent findings

Key immunologic pathways affecting Type 2 inflammation through immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin (IL-4), IL-5, IL-13, and upstream alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), have led to novel drug developments. We explore the mechanism of action for Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Benralizumab, Reslizumab, Dupilumab, and Tezepelumab, their respective Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indications, and biomarkers affecting treatment decisions. We also highlight investigational therapeutics that are likely to impact the future management of eosinophilic respiratory diseases.

Insight into the biology of eosinophilic respiratory diseases has been critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and has contributed to the development of effective eosinophil-targeted biologic interventions.
The impact of preoperative muscle strength on postoperative walking ability in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Terao Yusuke , Hosaka Naoki , Otobe Yuhei , Suzuki Mizue , Kojima Iwao , Yoshizawa Kazuya , Yamada Minoru , Nakayama Yasuhide , Abo Masahiro
Published: March 2023

Although knee extensor muscle strength is strongly associated with postoperative walking ability (PWA) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), few studies have considered the impact of both knee extensor and flexor muscle strength. This study aimed to determine whether operative side knee flexor and extensor muscle strength before surgery affects the PWA of patients who undergo TKA while accounting for potential covariates. This multicenter retrospective cohort study involved four university hospitals, and patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA were included. The outcome measure was the 5-m maximum walking speed test (MWS), which was completed 12 weeks postoperatively. Muscle strength was measured as the maximum isometric muscle strength required for knee flexor and extensor. Three multiple regression models with a progressively larger number of variables were developed to determine the predictors of 5-m MWS at 12 weeks post-TKA surgery. One hundred thirty-one patients who underwent TKA were enrolled in the study (men, 23.7%; mean age, 73.4 ± 6.9 years). Age, sex, operative side knee flexor muscle strength before surgery, Japanese Orthopaedic Association knee score, and preoperative walking ability were significantly associated with PWA in the final model of the multiple regression analysis (R
2 = 0.35). The current findings suggest that the operative side knee flexor muscle strength before surgery is a robust modifiable predictor of improved PWA. We believe that further validation is needed to determine the causal relationship between preoperative muscle strength and PWA.
The applicability of Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire as a screening tool for carpal tunnel syndrome among potential high-risk female population in the West Bank: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sarhan Fajr M.A. , Al-Jasim Ameer , Abu Al-Halawa Diala , Dukmak Osama N. , Ayyad Rawan , Odeh Maha A.
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is an entrapment neuropathy with a high level of morbidity if neglected. Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) was designed to track patients’ progress after diagnosis. However, few studies showed that this questionnaire might be applicable as a screening tool for CTS.

Objective:

This study aims to identify the ability of BCTQ to detect symptoms and functional limitations of CTS among the potential high-risk population.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a cross-sectional study involving 366 females, aged 30–60 years, residents of the West Bank, Palestine. Data was collected using BCTQ to assess participants’ symptoms severity and functional limitations.

Results:

Symptoms were reported in 72.4% of participants, while functional limitations were reported in 64.2%. Very severe symptoms were found in 1.1% of the study population, and very severe functional limitations were reported in 1.4% only. BCTQ reliability testing via Cronbach alpha showed a score of 0.937 and 0.922 for symptom severity and functional limitations scales, respectively. The most common reported symptom was pain during the daytime, while the ‘household chores’ was the most common functional limitation.

Conclusion:

This study showed that many participants reported symptoms and functional limitations of CTS without a prior diagnosis. The BCTQ can potentially be used as a screening tool for middle-aged females in the West Bank, Palestine, as it showed strong applicability. However, this study could not compute the actual prevalence of CTS due to the lack of access to clinical and electrophysiological confirmation.
Impact of mystical belief and traditional healing on the health-seeking practice of conversion disorder in middle- and low-income countries
Authors: Sumbal Anusha , Baig Mirza M.A. , Sumbal Ramish
Published: March 2023

Conversion disorder is a somatoform condition in which patients present with a range of neurologic deficits and sensorimotor loss with no obvious pathology. There has been a rising trend in the incidence of conversion disease in countries with low socioeconomic backgrounds, accounting to be one-third of ambulatory visits in middle and low-income countries (MLIC). However, even with such a high prevalence health-seeking practice for conversion disorder is low in MLIC. One possible reason for such behavior could be the high prevalence of mystical beliefs and traditional healing in MLIC. Existing economic distress with limited healthcare resources convinces people to opt for traditional and local healers who make use of mystical and superstition beliefs prevalent in those regions to offer prospering and cheaper methods of treatment. In this scenario, addressing and counseling mythological fallacies and the use of an economically friendly ‘holistic model’ of treatment should be adopted in these countries.
Guillain-Barré syndrome following the second dose of COVID AstraZeneca vaccine in a 78-year-old male: a case report from Nepal
Authors: Acharya Bimarsh , KC Sabin , Karki Shailendra , Thapa Pratima , KC Pooja
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy that causes bilateral, symmetrical, and progressive weakness of muscles. AstraZeneca vaccine is a genetically modified spike glycoprotein vaccine of an adenovirus vector. GBS following the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine dose is rare and not frequently noted.

Case Presentation:

A 78-year-old male presented to the hospital with complaints of bilateral weakness of the lower limbs over 4 days following the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. On examination, the power and tone of the limbs were diminished. The sensitivity pinprick test revealed low sensitivity in the right lower limb than in the left lower limb. Nerve conduction studies revealed acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and the patient was diagnosed with GBS. After admission, the patient was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulins along with physiotherapy.

Clinical Discussion:

GBS can be diagnosed clinically with nerve conduction studies and Brighton’s criteria. The robust causal relationships between COVID-19 infections, COVID-19 vaccination, and GBS are still unclear. The evaluation of the potential association and risk of GBS with vaccines warrants the need for precise post-vaccination surveillance measures and results.

Conclusion:

Only a few cases of GBS following the second dose of AstraZeneca are reported so far and there is a need for strong and accurate diagnosis of the disease and proper post-vaccination surveillance for the evaluation of risk associated with COVID vaccines.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: a case report
Authors: Albeik Muhammad T. M. N. , Abdullah Lava , Almatroud Muhammad M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction and importance:

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare heterogeneous genetic congenital disorder affecting at least 1 in 5000–10,000 newborns. This disorder has a wide range of clinical manifestations; it affects organs originating from the embryonic ectoderm.

Case presentation:

We present a case of a 2-year-old boy diagnosed with HED, the boy was suffering from absence of sweating since birth, dry skin, recurrent episodes of hyperpyrexia, sparse and light-colored hair on the scalp, absent eyebrows, and delayed eruption of abnormally shaped teeth.

Clinical discussion:

The are no diagnostic criteria guidelines for HED, we diagnosed the disorder by the clinical manifestations and the family history. The management of patients with HED is palliative.

Conclusion:

This disorder needs multidisciplinary contribution to improve the general health of those patients, quality of life, and decrease morbidity and mortality.
Clinicodemographic profile of chronic liver disease patients at a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Shrestha Anish K. , Shrestha Anisha , Shah Sangam , Bhandari Aashna
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

With the global burden of chronic liver disease (CLD) on the rise, especially due to the rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome, a third-world country like Nepal faces a different problem. With alcohol intake being rooted in Nepalese culture, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common cause of CLD in our society.

Methods:

This is a retrospective observational study conducted in the inpatient ward of the Department of Gastroenterology at the University in Nepal. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee, and a structured questionnaire format was used to record the data retrospectively using admission log books and admission sheets. Demographic data regarding age, sex, and address were collected, while the form of decompensation during presentation was used as a source of clinical data. For statistical analysis, see SPSS 21 (IBM Corp., Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0; IBM Corp.) was used.

Results:

A male-to-female ratio of 2:1 was found, with ALD the most common cause of CLD in admitted patients. Similarly, the majority of patients were admitted due to ascites, which was compounded by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. 93.60% of patients admitted with CLD had a deranged prothrombin time, while only about a third of patients had elevated aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase.

Conclusion:

The large burden of ALD highlights the importance of awareness programs at the community level, which have been neglected till date.
Correlations Among Perceived Symptoms and Interferences, Barriers to Symptom Management, and Comfort Care in Nurses Caring for Chemotherapy and Transarterial Chemoembolization Patients
Authors: Kim Myoung Soo , Yoo Seonghyun
Published: March 2023

Background

Nursing care, encompassing the physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental aspects of care, should ensure patients’ comfort in both chemotherapy and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the canonical correlations between perceived symptoms and interferences, barriers to symptom management, and comfort care in nurses caring for chemotherapy and TACE patients.

Methods

This cross-sectional study surveyed 259 nurses caring for patients undergoing chemotherapy (n = 109) and TACE (n = 150). Fisher exact test, t tests, χ
2 tests, Pearson correlations, and canonical correlations were performed.

Results

In the chemotherapy nurse group, higher perceived symptoms (R values = 0.74), higher perceived interference (R values = 0.84), and higher barriers to pain management (R values = 0.61) were associated with higher physical (R values = 0.58) and psychological (R values = 0.88) comfort care. In the TACE nurse group, the higher the perceived symptoms and perceived interference, the lower the perceived barriers to pain management, and lower barriers to nausea/vomiting management were associated with higher physical, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental care.

Conclusions

Nurses caring for TACE patients reported lower perceived symptom interference and comfort care, including physical, psychological, and environmental aspects, than those caring for chemotherapy patients. In addition, there was a canonical correlation among perceived symptoms, symptom interferences, barriers to pain management, and comfort care, including physical and psychological care of nurses caring for chemotherapy and TACE patients.

Implication for practice

Nurses caring for TACE patients need to provide physical, psychological, and environmental comfort care for their patients. Oncology nurses caring for chemotherapy and TACE patients should coordinate treatment for co-occurring symptom clusters to enhance comfort care.
Spiritual Care Expectations Among Cancer and Noncancer Patients With Life-Threatening Illnesses
Authors: Kang Kyung-Ah , Kim Shin-Jeong
Published: March 2023

Background

Spirituality is a core element in holistic nursing care. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the spiritual care expectations of cancer and noncancer patients with life-threatening illnesses.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the spiritual care expectations of vulnerable patients with life-threatening illnesses.

Interventions/Methods

This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches, and data were collected from 232 patients. For quantitative data, we used the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale (NSTS), which comprises 20 items. Qualitative data were collected using an open-ended question. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t tests, 1-way analysis of variance, and item and factor analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results

The mean score of spiritual care expectations ranged from 2.27 to 3.07. There was a significant difference in NSTS mean score between cancer and noncancer patients. In exploratory factor analysis, NSTS was extracted into 3 factors and items belonging to the 3 factors showed similarity between cancer and noncancer patients. Qualitative data using content analysis revealed the following 3 themes: “treat with respect,” “religious support,” and “comfort with presence.” The 3 factors corresponded with 3 themes: factor I versus “treat with respect,” factor II versus “religious ritual,” and factor III versus “comfort with presence.”

Conclusions

Spiritual care expectations of cancer and non-cancer patients with life-threatening illnesses were identified and the findings provide valuable data regarding the expectations of patients’ spiritual care.

Implications for Practice

Our findings emphasize integrating patient-reported outcomes with spiritual care to stimulate patient-centered care, thus promoting holistic palliative or end-of-life care.
Peer Supporters’ Experience of Supporting Cancer Patients
Authors: Que Wen-qian , Zhao Jing-yi , Tang Jue , Su Xiao-qin , Li Jia-mei , Gu Chen-hao , Guo Yu-jie
Published: March 2023

Background

With the widespread use of peer support in the cancer field, more and more cancer survivors are becoming supporters. However, they may bear a huge psychological burden in the peer support project. There has been little effort to analyze supporters’ experiences from a meta-perspective.

Objective

The aims of this study were to review the literature on the experience of patients serving as peer supporters, integrate qualitative data to explore the experiences of supporters participating in peer support programs, and provide suggestions for future researchers.

Interventions/Methods

China Knowledge Network, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened. Included articles (n = 10) underwent data extraction, the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative researches (2016) quality evaluation, and thematic synthesis.

Results

The literature ultimately included 10 studies from which 29 themes were distilled and grouped into 2 main categories: benefits and challenges of peer support for supporters.

Conclusions

Peer supporters will not only gain social support, growth, and recovery but also experience various challenges when providing peer support. Both supporters’ and patients’ experiences of participating in peer support programs deserve the attention of researchers. Researchers need to be rigorous in controlling the implementation of peer support programs to help supporters gain and overcome challenges.

Implications for Practice

Future researchers can use study findings to better develop peer support programs. More peer support projects are needed to explore a standardized peer support training guide.
Expression of Cav-1, MCT1, and MCT4 in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast and Their Associations With Clinicopathologic Features
Authors: Kim Nah Ihm , Park Min Ho , Lee Ji Shin
Published: March 2023

Loss of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and upregulation of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs, especially MCT1 and MCT4) in respectively tumor-associated stromal cells and malignant epithelial cells of invasive carcinoma have been found to play an important role in the metabolic coupling. However, this phenomenon has only been scarcely described in pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast. mRNA and protein expression levels of Cav-1, MCT1, and MCT4 in nine pairs of DCIS tissues and matched normal tissues were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, RNAscope in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical staining of Cav-1, MCT1, and MCT4 in 79 DCIS samples was also done using tissue microarray. Cav-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in DCIS tissues than in their corresponding normal tissues. In contrast, MCT1 and MCT4 mRNA expression levels were higher in DCIS tissues than in corresponding normal tissues. Low stromal Cav-1 expression was significantly associated with high nuclear grade. High epithelial MCT4 expression was associated with larger tumor size and human epidermal growth factor 2 positivity. At a mean follow-up of 10 years, patients with high epithelial MCT1/high epithelial MCT4 expression showed shorter disease-free survival than those with other expressions. No significant association was observed between stromal Cav-1 expression and epithelial MCT 1 or MCT4 expression. Changes in Cav-1, MCT1, and MCT4 are associated with carcinogenesis of DCIS. A high epithelial MCT1/high epithelial MCT4 expression might be associated with a more aggressive phenotype.
SEPT9 Expression in Hepatic Nodules: An Immunohistochemical Study of Hepatocellular Neoplasm and Metastasis
Authors: Kmeid Michel , Park Young Nyun , Chung Taek , Pacheco Richard R. , Arslan Mustafa Erdem , Lee Hwajeong
Published: March 2023

The methylated SEPT9 DNA (mSEPT9) in plasma is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved screening biomarker in colorectal cancer and is emerging as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the SEPT9 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in various hepatic tumors from 164 hepatectomies and explants. Cases diagnosed as HCC (n=68), hepatocellular adenoma (n=31), dysplastic nodule (n=24), and metastasis (n=41) were retrieved. SEPT9 stain was performed on representative tissue blocks showing tumor/liver interface. For HCC, archived IHC (SATB2, CK19, CDX2, CK20, and CDH17) slides were also reviewed. The findings were correlated with demographics, risk factors, tumor size, alpha fetoprotein levels at diagnosis, T stage and oncologic outcomes, with significance defined as P<0.05. Percentage of SEPT9 positivity differed significantly among hepatocellular adenoma (3%), dysplastic nodule (0%), HCC (32%), and metastasis (83%, P<0.001). Compared with patients with SEPT9– HCC, those with SEPT9+ HCC were older (70 vs. 63 y, P=0.01). The extent of SEPT9 staining correlated with age (r

s
=0.31, P=0.01), tumor grade (r

s
=0.30, P=0.01), and extent of SATB2 staining (r

s
=0.28, P=0.02). No associations were found between SEPT9 staining and tumor size, T stage, risk factors, CK19, CDX2, CK20, or CDH17 expression, alpha fetoprotein levels at diagnosis, METAVIR fibrosis stage, and oncologic outcome in the HCC cohort. SEPT9 is likely implicated in liver carcinogenesis in a HCC subset. Similar to mSEPT9 DNA measurement in liquid biopsies, SEPT9 staining by IHC may prove helpful as an adjunct diagnostic biomarker with potential prognostic ramifications.
Study of the Utility of Myeloid Cell Nuclear Differentiation Antigen (MNDA) in the Diagnosis of Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Authors: Gupta Neha , Roychoudry Sudarhana , Sticco Kristin L. , Hsu Peihong , Zhang Xinmin , Sheikh-Fayyaz Silvat
Published: March 2023

Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is normally expressed on myelomonocytic cells and a subset of B lymphocytes. It was found to be differentially expressed between nodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). However, MNDA has not been widely used as a diagnostic marker in clinical practice. To validate its utility, we studied the expression of MNDA by immunohistochemistry in 313 cases of small B-cell lymphomas. Our results showed that MNDA was positive in 77.9% of MZL, 21.9% of mantle cell lymphoma, 28.9% of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 2.6% of FL, and 25% of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. MNDA positivity varied from 68.0% to 84.0% among the 3 MZL subtypes, with extranodal MZL having the highest percentage. There was a statistically significant difference in MNDA expression between MZL and FL, mantle cell lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. CD43 expression was slightly more frequent in MNDA-negative MZL than in MNDA-positive MZL. Combined use of CD43 and MNDA improved the diagnostic sensitivity for MZL from 77.9% to 87.8%. There was a trend of positive correlation between MNDA and p53 in MZL. In conclusion, MNDA is preferentially expressed in MZL among small B-cell lymphomas and it is a useful marker for the differentiation of MZL and FL.
Effects of Hippotherapy on Postural Control in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Peia Fernanda , Veiga Nathalie Caroline , Gomes Ana Paula , Santos Bruna Neves dos , Marques Nívia Maria Silva , Glória Igor Phillip dos Santos , Goulardins Juliana Barbosa
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

To summarize and update the current knowledge on the effectiveness of hippotherapy on postural control in children with cerebral palsy.

Methods:

Using a systematic review methodology, the electronic databases PubMed, Virtual Health Library, PEDro, Scielo, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for eligible articles from 2011 up to September 2021. Quality assessment of eligible studies was performed using the PEDro scale.

Results:

There were 239 identified studies. Eight clinical trials were selected. The total sample consisted of 264 individuals, with 134 allocated to the experimental group (hippotherapy) and 130 individuals to the control group (conventional therapy). Most studies had moderate to high methodological quality.

Conclusions:

Hippotherapy can be an effective intervention to improve several aspects related to postural control, such as static balance (especially in the sitting posture), dynamic balance, and alignment (body posture) in children aged 3 to 16 years, particularly with spastic hemiplegia or diplegia.

What This Adds to the Evidence:

This review summarizes studies that explore potential effects of hippotherapy on postural control in children with cerebral palsy.
Ovarian Immature Teratoma With Nodal Gliomatosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alna’irat Marwa , McCluggage W. Glenn , Al-Hussaini Maysa
Published: March 2023

Gliomatosis involving lymph nodes (nodal gliomatosis) is rarely encountered in association with an ovarian teratoma, with 12 cases previously reported. We report this rare occurrence in a 23-yr-old female with an ovarian immature teratoma. The ovary contained a grade 3 immature teratoma, with immature neuroepithelium. A subcapsular liver mass contained metastatic immature teratoma with neuroepithelium. The omentum and peritoneum contained mature glial tissue, consistent with gliomatosis peritonei with no evidence of immature elements. One pelvic lymph node contained multiple nodules of mature glial tissue, diffusely positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, in keeping with nodal gliomatosis. In reporting this case, we review prior reports of nodal gliomatosis.