bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐cell landscape of the cellular microenvironment in three different colonic polyp subtypes in children
Authors: Deng Yafei , Li Canlin , Huang Lanlan , Xiong Peiwen , Li Yana , Liu Yongjie , Li Songyang , Chen Weijian , Yin Qiang , Li Yong , Yang Qinglan , Peng Hongyan , Wu Shuting , Wang Xiangyu , Tong Qin , Ouyang Hongjuan , Hu Die , Liu Xinjia , Li Liping , You Jieyu , Sun Zhiyi , Lu Xiulan , Xiao Zhenghui , Deng Youcai , Zhao Hongmei
Published: January 2024

Background

The understanding of the heterogeneous cellular microenvironment of colonic polyps in paediatric patients with solitary juvenile polyps (SJPs), polyposis syndrome (PJS) and Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) remains limited.

Methods

We conducted single‐cell RNA sequencing and multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) analyses on both normal colonic tissue and different types of colonic polyps obtained from paediatric patients.

Results

We identified both shared and disease‐specific cell subsets and expression patterns that played important roles in shaping the unique cellular microenvironments observed in each polyp subtype. As such, increased myeloid, endothelial and epithelial cells were the most prominent features of SJP, JPS and PJS polyps, respectively. Noticeably, memory B cells were increased, and a cluster of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like colonocytes existed across all polyp subtypes. Abundant neutrophil infiltration was observed in SJP polyps, while CX3CR1hi CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were predominant in SJP and JPS polyps, while GZMAhi natural killer T cells were predominant in PJS polyps. Compared with normal colonic tissues, myeloid cells exhibited specific induction of genes involved in chemotaxis and interferon‐related pathways in SJP polyps, whereas fibroblasts in JPS polyps had upregulation of myofiber‐associated genes and epithelial cells in PJS polyps exhibited induction of a series of nutrient absorption‐related genes. In addition, the TNF‐α response was uniformly upregulated in most cell subsets across all polyp subtypes, while endothelial cells and fibroblasts separately showed upregulated cell adhesion and EMT signalling in SJP and JPS polyps. Cell–cell interaction network analysis showed markedly enhanced intercellular communication, such as TNF, VEGF, CXCL and collagen signalling networks, among most cell subsets in polyps, especially SJP and JPS polyps.

Conclusion

These findings strengthen our understanding of the heterogeneous cellular microenvironment of polyp subtypes and identify potential therapeutic approaches to reduce the recurrence of polyps in children.
Gross primary production of Mediterranean watersheds: Using isotope mass balance approach to improve estimations
Authors: Mattei Alexandra , Huneau Frédéric , Garel Emilie , Santoni Sébastien , Leydier Thomas , Vystavna Yuliya
Published: January 2024

Global‐scale estimates of carbon fluxes from satellite data‐driven models are constrained by considerable uncertainties regarding Gross Primary Production (GPP) and the lack of the watershed‐scale measurements required for model calibration. Recently conducted global modelling efforts indicate that semiarid ecosystems dominate the increasing trends and inter‐annual variation of net CO2 exchange with the atmosphere, but semi‐arid regions have received little attention with regard to GPP estimation. In this study, we used the distinct isotope effect of transpiration and evaporation to calculate transpiration losses and subsequently CO2 uptake by terrestrial vegetation through the water and carbon cycle using the water use efficiency of plants. By studying two Mediterranean watersheds with contrasted environmental conditions over several hydrological years, we found a strong dependence of GPP on annual and seasonal water availability. The results demonstrated that when compared to GPP values obtained in worldwide biomes using biological methods, our isotope approach was validated, highlighting the limitations of satellite‐data‐driven models like MODIS in capturing the impact of water stress on photosynthesis and GPP estimates. These results encourage investigation of GPP by the isotope mass balance approach where direct carbon flux measurements are rare or absent in order to help to substantiate, modify or shed doubt on interpolated GPP for those regions and achieve consensus on global GPP estimates. Given the relevant role of semi‐arid ecosystems in the global carbon balance as well as the limitation of existing data sets, our improved method based on the isotope mass balance approach helps to obtain rapid and affordable estimates of GPP for semi‐arid ecosystems.
Gender stereotypes may not influence the choice of female leaders: Experimental evidence from a crisis framed as social or economic during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Takizawa Ruri , Iacoviello Vincenzo , Ryan Michelle K. , Kulich Clara
Published: January 2024

This research examined whether female (vs. male) leaders are preferred during a pandemic when stereotypically feminine leadership is deemed useful. We hypothesized that citizens prefer female (vs. male) politicians when the crisis is framed as a social (vs. economic) crisis because they believe it requires feminine (vs. masculine) leadership. In a pilot study and three online experiments with US residents (Ntotal = 1675), we manipulated crisis type or a leadership candidate's gender for a task force. While participants indicated that a crisis framed as social (vs. economic) required more feminine leadership, they did not appoint a woman more or rated her as more suitable for the social crisis (vs. economic crisis or a no‐crisis situation). Furthermore, the female (vs. male) candidate was not perceived to possess more feminine leadership traits. Overall, participants did not rely on gender stereotypes when explicitly evaluating politicians. We discuss potential explanations for these unexpected results.
Determining role of structure in the stability increase of purple sweet potato anthocyanins bound to proteins
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi , Yu Qingqing , Zhao Shuang , Zhao Wenting , Wang Pan , Zhao Xiaoyan , Wang Dan
Published: January 2024

The stability of anthocyanins is poor, seriously affecting their biological activity. The effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the stability of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPA) and its mechanism of action was investigated. Eleven anthocyanins in purple sweet potato were identified, and the stability of PSPAs with different structures combined with BSA was analyzed separately. The results showed an interaction between BSA and PSPA by UV absorption and fluorescence spectra, in which PSPA could cause a fluorescence burst of BSA, and the binding of PSPA to BSA was in the form of 1:1. In addition, the interactions are spontaneous, and hydrophobic interactions dominate. The binding amount study showed that 1 mol/L of BSA binds 3 mol/L of PSPA. The results of zeta potential and particle size showed that the absolute value of the possibility was around 30 mV, and BSA could combine with PSPA to form nanoparticles with high stability. Molecular docking analysis showed that PSPA could be well embedded in the structural cavities of BSA. The binding sites were near sites I and II, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions act as the main drivers of binding. Finally, after binding, BSA could effectively improve the stability of PSPA, especially for different structures of PSPA. The binding of diacylated anthocyanins was more stable than monoacylated ones, peonidin was more stable than cyanidin, and caffeoyl was more stable compared to p‐hydroxybenzoyl and feruloyl.
Blinded by “algo economicus”: Reflecting on the assumptions of algorithmic management research to move forward
Authors: Lamers Laura , Meijerink Jeroen , Rettagliata Giorgio
Published: January 2024

This paper reflects on the paradigmatic assumptions and ideologies that have shaped algorithmic management research. We identify two sets of assumptions: one about the “ontology of algorithms” (which holds that human resource management [HRM] algorithms are non‐human entities with material agency) and one about the “ontology of management” that HRM algorithms afford (which understands algorithmic management as a form of control for maximizing economic/shareholder value). We explain how these core assumptions underpin existing research of HRM algorithms, causing blind spots that hinder new ways of understanding and studying algorithmic management. After identifying and unpacking the assumptions and blind spots, we offer avenues to overcome these blind spots, allowing for future research based on new ideological assumption grounds that will help move algorithmic management scholarship further in significant ways.
Bibliometric analysis of mucosal immunity in IgA nephropathy from 1990 to 2022
Authors: Chen Xian , Yan Zhe , Pan Qing , Zhang Chunxia , Chen Yakun , Liang Xuzhi , Li Shaomei , Wu Gang
Published: January 2024

Objective

The study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of mucosal immunity in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and indicate its current status, hot sopts, and direction of future studies.

Methods

The literature data was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace 6.1.R3 was employed to conduct a visualization bibliometric analysis of mucosal immunity in IgA nephropathy, including authors, countries, journals, keywords, organizations, references, the bursts of keywords and references, and the timeline of keyword clusters and reference clusters.

Results

A total of 315 publications from 1990 to 2022 were included. The number of articles in this field has increased in recent years. Suzuki H, Coppo R, and Feehally J took the first place parallelly with 18 articles. Japan contributes the most articles, accounting for 27.3% of all the publications. The institutions with the most publications were Juntendo University and University of Alabama Birmingham. 453 keywords were concluded in the analysis, which mainly focus on the mucosal pathogenesis and therapy of the IgAN. The top five co‐cited reference cluster are “aberrantly glycosylated IgA,” “corticosteroids,” “animal models,” “o‐glycosylationm” and “microRNA‐630.” The most recently burst of keyword is “tonsillectomy” and “gut.”

Conclusion

This was the first bibliometric analysis to systematically analyze the mucosal immunity in IgAN, which obtained the current status and indicated the future research hotspots and development trends. The gut microbiota and the related therapy‐targeted mucosal immunity might be the future research hotspot.
Exploring the effect of LncRNA DANCR to regulate the Keap1‐Nrf2/ARE pathway on oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cai Shaohong , Sun Yue , Wang Yuan , Lin Zhangying
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) can regulate oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study focused on investigating the effects of LncRNA differentiation antagonizing nonprotein coding RNA (DANCR) regulation of Keap1‐Nrf2/ARE pathway on inflammation and oxidative stress in RA.

Methods

The levels of LncRNA DANCR/miR‐486‐3p/Keap1 in peripheral blood of 30 RA groups and 30 normal subjects were examined, and the association of LncRNA DANCR with inflammatory indicators of RA was investigated. We stimulated fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) from RA patients with tumor necrosis factor α and subsequently performed in vitro cellular assays to construct overexpression plasmids and small interfering RNAs of LncRNA DANCR to investigate the relationship between LncRNA DANCR and FLSs viability and migration in RA, as well as the effects on cellular oxidative stress factors and Keap1‐Nrf2/ARE pathway; molecular biology analysis was used to predict microRNAs that can bind LncRNA DANCR, and luciferase verified the binding sites of LncRNA DANCR with Keap1 and miR‐486‐3p; to further refine the gene and protein expression results, we used reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting assays.

Results

In both groups of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the expression levels of LncRNA DANCR and Keap1 messenger RNA were higher in the RA group than in the normal control group, and the opposite was true for miR‐486‐3p; LncRNA DANCR was positively correlated with total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), IL6, IL17, malondialdehyde (MDA), but not with IL11, rheumatoid factor, cyclic citrullinated peptide, superoxide dismutase (SOD), with 28‐joint disease activity score, reactive oxygen species, C‐reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were negatively correlated; overexpression of LncRNA DANCR stimulated the Keap1‐Nrf2/ARE pathway, decreased the expression of IL10, SOD, TAOC, and increased the expression levels of MDA, IL11, IL‐17, PD‐L1, and silencing of LncRNA DANCR was the opposite, but knockdown of miR‐486‐3p or overexpression of keap1 reversed the expression of the above‐mentioned inflammatory and oxidative factors. In addition, pcDNA‐DANCR clearly showed stronger cell invasion and migration ability and exacerbated its inflammatory response, which may be related to the regulatory role of miR‐486‐3p and Keap1‐Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, and we verified their targeting relationship using dual luciferase, showing that DANCR could regulate Keap1‐Nrf2/ARE through miR‐486‐3p modulates the Keap1‐Nrf2/ARE pathway and affects inflammatory and oxidative responses in RA patients.

Conclusion

The low‐expressed LncRNA DANCR may regulate the Keap1‐Nrf2/ARE pathway and suppress the inflammatory and oxidative responses in RA patients.
Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block for Microlaryngoscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Huaiming , Du Li , Chen Guo , Du Bin , Zhang Weiyi , Zheng Jianqiao
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To assess the safety and efficacy of superior laryngeal nerve block (SLNB) for microlaryngoscopic surgery (MLS).

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, CNKI database, VIP database, Wanfang database, and trial registry databases.

Methods

PICOS principles were performed: adults undergoing MLS receiving SLNB compared with no‐SLNB in randomized controlled trials were included. Primary outcome included the incidence of severe postoperative sore throat (POST). Secondary outcomes included perioperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), incidence of severe postoperative cough, and anesthesia recovery time.

Results

Eleven articles with 728 patients were included. Results indicated that SLNB provides lower incidence of severe POST in post‐extubation 30 min (relative ratio [RR] = 0.13; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.05 ~ 0.34), 2 h (RR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02 ~ 0.36), 4–6 h (RR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03 ~ 0.41), and 24 h (RR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03 ~ 0.83); lower MAP (tracheal intubation: standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.59; 95% CI: −1.69 to −0.42); suspension laryngoscope insertion: (SMD = −0.98; 95% CI: −1.49 to −0.46); tracheal extubation: (SMD = −0.78; 95% CI:−1.24 to −0.31); post‐extubation 5 min: (SMD = −0.95; 95% CI: −1.41 to −0.49); lower HR (tracheal intubation: mean difference [MD] = −9.71; 95% CI: −17.16 to −2.27); suspension laryngoscope insertion: (MD = −8.64; 95% CI: −16.79 to −0.49); tracheal extubation: (MD = −10.13; 95% CI: −17.86 to −2.39); post‐extubation 5 min: (MD = −13.44; 95% CI: −22.53 to −4.35); lower incidence of severe postoperative cough in post‐extubation 30 min (RR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.06 ~ 0.57) and 2 h (RR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.02 ~ 0.69); and shorter anesthesia recovery time (MD = −5.34; 95% CI: −8.81 to −1.86) compared to controls.

Conclusions

SLNB could provide lower incidence of severe POST, more stable perioperative MAP and HR, lower incidence of severe postoperative cough, and shorter anesthesia recovery time for MLS.

Level of Evidence

I Laryngoscope, 134:3437–3446, 2024
Raising philanthropic children: Moving beyond virtuous philanthropy, towards transformative giving and empowered citizenship
Authors: Body Alison
Published: January 2024

This article seeks to explore how children and young people are socialised to give within a western democracy. Drawing on England as a case study example it tracks the political and pedagogical favouring of a virtues approach to teaching children about philanthropic giving, orientated around benevolence and individual character virtues. Whilst accepting virtues have an important role to play within the socialisation of children as philanthropic actors, this article argues that such approaches maintain the status quo and do little to help engage children, both now and in the future, in challenging systems of inequality and inequity. Instead, this article calls for a more justice orientated approach to cultivating children's philanthropic behaviours, orientated around ideas of justice, activism, and system change.
Non‐thermal Plasma for VOCs Abatement: Recent Advance
Authors: Qu Guangfei , Xu Youxiao , Zhao Chenyang , Ning Ping , Li Junyan
Published: January 2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions are a factor in a number of environmental issues. To reduce the associated negative consequences, it is crucial to develop efficient VOCs removal systems. Non‐thermal plasma (NTP) co‐catalytic technology has become a popular research topic in this field as a result of its ability to reduce the activation energy of the reaction while simultaneously improving product selectivity. Despite the huge number of studies synthesising the use of metals and their oxide catalysts in the degradation of VOCs, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF derivatives are the subject of comparatively few studies in this area. This paper reviews the basic principles and technological progress of NTP co‐catalytic VOCs degradation, with a focus on the use of MOFs and their derivatives in plasma VOCs degradation, as well as the use of other non‐metallic carbon materials in plasma VOCs degradation. It highlights the potential future development direction of NTP catalytic synergistic treatment of VOCs by focusing on the optimization of catalytic synergism on the treatment impact. In the end, the challenges faced, the prospects, and our personal perspective on future research directions are also estimated and elucidated.
Three tales of central banking and financial supervision for the ecological transition
Authors: Oman William , Salin Mathilde , Svartzman Romain
Published: January 2024

The academic literature and policy discussions on the role that central banks and financial supervisors (CBFS) should play in the ecological transition, almost nonexistent five years ago, have since grown at an impressive pace. This has resulted in a wide range of proposals that often generate debates and even misunderstandings, for lack of a coherent analytical framework. Against this backdrop, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the different theoretical backgrounds and worldviews that inform existing proposals, and discusses the challenges and debates they generate when assessed from other perspectives. We identify three main approaches, or three “tales” of central banking and financial supervision in the face of ecological threats: (i) one that argues that CBFS should focus on assessing the (so‐called “physical” and “transition”) risks that environmental issues pose to price and/or financial stability; (ii) one that places great emphasis on the ability of CBFS to help trigger systemic change, and thereby promotes proactive actions by CBFS to steer financial markets toward greening their activity beyond a risk‐based approach; (iii) one that sees CBFS transformation as necessary but part of broader institutional change that they cannot deliver on their own, thereby requiring an evolutionary perspective. Through this comprehensive literature review, this article seeks to provide a coherent framework through which future academic contributions and policy proposals can be better understood and assessed.

This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change

Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
Thinking about Cyborg Activism
Authors: Odendaal Nancy
Published: January 2024

One of the qualities of South African cities that surfaced during the Covid-19 pandemic is the inefficient city structure and resultant inequalities that define their everyday functioning. Several civil society organisations have engaged this dilemma directly and poignantly through a host of on- and offline strategies, employed to heighten awareness of the marginalized, assist with resource mobilization, and put pressure on the state to address these issues more effectively. Through examination of two examples, this chapter’s author focuses on the qualities of these mobilization strategies, how they combine technologies, strategies, and stories to enable collective action. What emerges is engagement with public and private spheres, a play between emotion and cool-headed politics, and movement between rational strategy and expressed passion. All these qualities are enabled through a toolkit of digital and analogue techniques, displaying a material-human interface that is dynamic and reflexive. The author explores the term “cyborg activism” as a holding concept for a form of city activism that traverses conceptual and physical spaces.
Non-invertible symmetries, brane dynamics, and tachyon condensation
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Leung Enoch , Waddleton Thomas
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We study the Symmetry Topological Field Theory in holography associated with 4d 𝒩 = 1 Super Yang-Mills theory with gauge algebra 𝔰𝔲(M). From this, all the bulk symmetry operators are computed and matched to various D-brane configurations. The fusion algebra of the operators emerges from brane dynamics. In particular, we show that the symmetry operators are purely determined from the center-of-mass modes of the branes. We identify the TQFT fusion coefficients with the relative motion of the branes. We also establish the origin of condensation defects, arising from fusion of non-invertible operators, as the consequence of tachyon condensation in brane-anti-brane pairs.
Flavor fragmentation function factorization
Authors: Larkoski Andrew J. , Neill Duff
Published: January 2024

Abstract

A definition of partonic jet flavor that is both theoretically well-defined and experimentally robust would have profound implications for measurements and predictions especially for heavy flavor applications. Recently, a definition of jet flavor was introduced as the net flavor flowing along the direction of the Winner-Take-All axis of a jet which is soft safe to all orders, but not collinear safe. Here, we exploit the lack of collinear safety and propose a factorization theorem of perturbative flavor fragmentation functions that resum collinear divergences and describe the evolution of flavor from the short distance of jet production to the long distance at which hadronization occurs. Collinear flavor evolution is governed by a small modification of the DGLAP equations. We present a detailed all-orders analysis and identify exact relations that must hold amongst the various anomalous dimensions by probability conservation and the existence of fixed points of the renormalization group flow. We explicitly validate the factorization theorem at one-loop order, and demonstrate its consistency at two loops in particular flavor channels. Starting at two-loops, constraints on phase space imposed by flavor measurements potentially allow for non-trivial soft contributions, but we demonstrate that they are scaleless and so explicitly vanish, ensuring that soft particles are summed inclusively and all divergences are exclusively collinear in nature. This factorization theorem opens the door to precision calculations with identified flavor in the infrared.
Non-standard axion electrodynamics and the dual Witten effect
Authors: Heidenreich Ben , McNamara Jacob , Reece Matthew
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Standard axion electrodynamics has two closely related features. First, the coupling of a massless axion field to photons is quantized, in units proportional to the electric gauge coupling squared. Second, the equations of motion tell us that a time-dependent axion field in a background magnetic field sources an effective electric current, but a time-dependent axion field in a background electric field has no effect. These properties, which manifestly violate electric-magnetic duality, play a crucial role in experimental searches for axions. Recently, electric-magnetic duality has been used to motivate the possible existence of non-standard axion couplings, which can both violate the usual quantization rule and exchange the roles of electric and magnetic fields in axion electrodynamics. We show that these non-standard couplings can be derived from SL(2,ℤ) duality, but that they come at a substantial cost: in non-standard axion electrodynamics, all electrically charged particles become dyons when the axion traverses its field range, in a dual form of the standard Witten effect monodromy. This implies that there are dyons near the weak scale, leads to a large axion mass induced by Standard Model fermion loops, and dramatically alters Higgs physics. We conclude that non-standard axion electrodynamics, although interesting to consider in abstract quantum field theory, is not phenomenologically viable.
Celestial conformal blocks of massless scalars and analytic continuation of the Appell function F1
Authors: Fan Wei
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In celestial conformal field theory (CCFT), the 4d massless scalars are represented by 2d conformal operators with conformal dimensions h = $$ \overline{h} $$

h
¯

= (1 + iλ)/2. The Mellin transform of 4d massless scalar amplitudes gives the conformal correlators of CCFT. We study the conformal block decomposition of these celestial correlators in CCFT and obtain the explicit blocks. This conformal block decomposition is highly nontrivial, even for the simplest 4d massless scalar amplitude. We use the analytic continuation of the Appell hypergeometric function F1 and the method of monodromy projection of conformal blocks, to achieve this block decomposition. This procedure is consistent with the crossing symmetry, in both the correlator-level and each explicit block-level. We also investigate its behavior in the conformal soft limit and find that the Appell hypergeometric function F1 does not reduce to the Gauss hypergeometric function. This is different from the block decomposition of celestial gluons we studied before, where the Appell hypergeometric function F1 reduces to the Gauss hypergeometric function. This difference comes from the shift of conformal dimensions and is the reason why we adopt the new method here for the block decomposition of celestial massless scalars.
Digitale Kompetenzen im Medizinstudium: Ergebnisse einer interdisziplinären Lehrveranstaltung
Authors: Waibel Anna-Maria , Bischoff Martina
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund

Digitale Medizin erlangt zunehmend an Bedeutung, insbesondere durch den verstärkten Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) und Telemedizin. Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat diesen Trend beschleunigt und die Notwendigkeit digitaler Kompetenzen im Gesundheitswesen betont. Digitale Kompetenzen werden bisher im Medizinstudium jedoch unzureichend vermittelt.

Ziel

Durch die Einführung eines Wahlfachs für digitale Kompetenzen in der Medizin wird eine curriculare Lücke an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Freiburg geschlossen.

Methoden

Das Wahlfach wurde von einer interdisziplinären Arbeitsgemeinschaft entwickelt und umfasst 7 Module zu Themen wie E‑Health, Telemedizin, KI, Krankenhausinformationssystemen und Data Literacy. Jedes Modul besteht aus einer vorbereitenden Selbstlerneinheit, einem theoretischen Teil und einem praktischen Teil. Eine Evaluation wurde durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit des Wahlfachs zu bewerten.

Ergebnisse

Im Sommersemester 2022 nahmen 6 Studierende am Wahlfach teil. Die Evaluation zeigt, dass die Ziele des Wahlfachs erreicht wurden. Die Teilnehmenden konnten theoretisches Wissen erwerben und dieses durch praktische Übungen vertiefen.

Schlussfolgerung

Die interdisziplinäre Gestaltung des Wahlfachs fördert den Austausch zwischen Studierenden und Lehrenden und schafft Synergien. Das modulare Format des Wahlfachs ermöglicht es, auch aktuelle Themen, wie generative KI, aufzugreifen. Um digitale Kompetenzen bei allen Studierenden der Humanmedizin zu fördern, ist eine Integration der Themen ins Pflichtcurriculum notwendig.
The role of patient positioning in surgical fixation of the calcaneus fractures using the lateral extensile approach
Authors: Kayali Hammam , Moghamis Isam , Radi Mohammed , Baroudi Omar , Hantouly Ashraf , Toubasi Ahmad , Foodoul Mazen A. , Alkhayarin Mohammed , Ahmed Ghalib
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone. Open reduction and internal fixation of the displaced intra-articular fractures is considered the gold standard treatment. The lateral extensile approach is the most commonly used approach, and usually, the patients are kept in lateral decubitus position. Recent study has descried calcaneus fracture fixation utilizing the lateral extensile approach with the patient in prone position. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative radiological outcome, reoperation rate, operative and anesthesia time, infection and the wound complications rate between the two groups.

Methods

The data of 49 adult patients with unilateral closed calcaneus fracture underwent open reduction and internal fixation using lateral extensile approach were collected. Postoperative Bohler’s, Gissane angles and complications rate were compared between the two groups.

Results

A total of 49 patients were included. Lateral position was utilized in 26 patients (53.1%), while 23 patients (46.9%) were operated in prone position. Majority of the patients were males 87.8% (43 patients), and the mean age of the patients was 31.12 ± 7.50. The most commonly mechanism of injury was fall from height in (91.8%) of the patients.

The mean preoperative Bohler’s angle was 9.33 ± 13.07 and increased to 22.69 ± 9.15 postoperatively. The mean preoperative angle of Gissane was 130.45 ± 26.98 whereas it was 124.76 ± 17.20 postoperatively. The mean postoperative Bohler’s angle and angle of Gissane were significantly higher among patient who underwent fixation in lateral position (25.88 ± 6.62, 137.15 ± 11.17) when compared to the prone one (19.09 ± 10.35, 110.74 ± 10.81). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the reoperation rate (p 0.947), infection (p 0.659, operative time (p 0.688), anesthesia time (p 0.522) and wound complications (p 0.773).

Conclusion

Surgical restoration of the Bohler’s and Gissane’s angles with the patient placed in the lateral decubitus position remains superior to the prone position with no difference in the complication rate between the two groups.
Examining the roles of meteorological variables in COVID-19 spread in Malaysia
Authors: Ng Khai Yuen , Hasan Md Zobaer , Rahman Azizur
Published: January 2024

There are limited studies that established significant relationships between meteorological variables and COVID-19 spread in Malaysia. Although knowledge from studies conducted in other countries can be utilised as a basis for the policy formulation in general, country-specific studies are necessary as meteorological parameters and COVID-19 spread vary from country to country. This study investigated the potential roles of five meteorological parameters (average relative humidity, maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature, and average wind speed) on COVID-19 spread in each of the 13 states and the entire Malaysia. The state-wise daily COVID-19-confirmed cases and daily meteorological parameters from 1 August 2020 to 31 March 2021 were acquired from Ministry of Health Malaysia and Malaysia Meteorological Department, respectively. The correlations between state-wise daily COVID-19-confirmed cases and daily meteorological parameters were ascertained via Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests at 5% significance level. Overall, significant correlations exist between all meteorological parameters considered in this study and daily COVID-19-confirmed cases throughout Malaysia. Average wind speed was positively correlated with COVID-19-confirmed cases, whereas average relative humidity, maximum temperature, average temperature, and minimum temperature were negatively associated with COVID-19-confirmed cases. These study findings build up knowledge pertaining the association between important meteorological factors and COVID-19 spread in various regions with different climates. The research outcomes could be helpful in understanding, bringing awareness, and educating Malaysian citizens through communication between citizens and governmental as well as non-governmental agencies via official portals to develop a better response mechanism for the Malaysian perspective.
Determination of viable myocardium through delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging combined with 18F-FDG PET myocardial perfusion/metabolic imaging before CABG
Authors: Xu Dongsheng , Zhang Jiwang , Liu Bing , Fu Donghai , Li Jianming , Fan Lijuan
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Study aims to investigate the consistency of delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (DE-CMR) and 18F-FDG PET myocardial imaging in evaluating myocardial viability before CABG. Methods: The study analyzed data from 100 patients who were examined with DE-CMR, PET imaging, and echocardiography before and after CABG. All subjects were followed up for 6–12 month post- CABG. Results: DE-CMR and PET imaging have high consistency (90.1%; Kappa value = 0.71, p < 0.01) in determining myocardial viability. The degree of delayed enhancement was negatively correlated with the improvement in myocardial contractile function in this segment after revascularization (P < 0.001). The ratio of scarred myocardial segments and total DE score was significantly lower in the improvement group than non-improvement group. Multivariate regression identified that hibernating myocardium (OR = 1.229, 95%CI: 1.053–1.433, p = 0.009) was influencing factor of LVEF improvement after CABG. Conclusion: Both imaging techniques are consistent in evaluating myocardial viability. Detecting the number of hibernating myocardium by PET is also important to predict the left heart function improvement after CABG.
Images of territory in the power relations from territorial brand: An intercultural discussion
Authors: de Almeida Giovana Goretti Feijó , Almeida Paulo
Published: January 2024

Territorial brands are present in several discussions, place branding and tourism being one of them. The aim is to analyze territorial brands and their materiality’s from the category "territorial brands by representation", contained in the TRbrand classification model proposed by Almeida & Cardoso (Sustainability, 14, 6669, 2022). Using the cultural studies approach method, the study resorts to critical research analysis in the discussion of territorial brands by representation (material / immaterial). In all, eleven territorial brands were analyzed, regardless of their geographical scale. The results found led to the brands that use the materiality of the territory in their logos being aligned, mainly, with the tourism development of cities, regions, and countries, exposing symbolic power relations. At the same time, there is a cut in the territory, being chosen a fragment of this cut to be present in the territorial brand. It is concluded that the materiality of the territory influences the construction of the graphic representation (logo) of the territorial brand, being this representation a form of symbolic power. Simultaneously, the graphically displayed fragment creates a visual storytelling that aims to foster tourism and local development.
Nutrient release dynamics in relation to stages of Lagarosiphon major decay following treatment with diquat herbicide
Authors: Woodward K. Benjamin , Rendle Denise , David Svenja , Hofstra Deborah
Published: January 2024

Herbicide treated weed beds release nutrients into the water column and have been implicated in providing ‘fuel’ for algal blooms. Here we assess the timing and magnitude of nutrient releases in relation to the visual signs of plant damage post-herbicide treatment. Lagarosiphon major shoots were exposed to one of eleven different diquat concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 mg l−1 for 1, 10 or 100 min. Visual symptom of decay and total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) concentration were monitored for 21 days after treatment. The largest rate and amount of TN and TP were released prior to and with shoot discolouration, suggesting a mechanism of diquat mediated cell lysis. Proportionally more P than N was released initially, and P releases became negative as the lagarosiphon decayed. N releases peaked with shoot discolouration, declining for the remainder of the assessment period, becoming negative when the shoot was deemed dead. The relationship between visual stage of decay and TN and TP release identified in this study could be used by lake managers to help assess the role of herbicide treated weed beds in fuelling algal blooms but will need to be put into a lake specific framework.
Science and technology parks and their effects on the quality of tenants’ patents
Authors: Anton-Tejon Marcos , Martinez Catalina , Albahari Alberto , Barge-Gil Andrés
Published: January 2024

Science and technology parks (STPs) have proliferated in many countries as an innovation policy tool. Several studies have used patent counts to assess their impact on innovation performance rather than the quality of patents, leading to mixed results. The aim of this paper is to explore whether STPs contribute to increasing the quality of patents filed by tenants since patent counts alone do not capture the technological or economic value of the patented inventions. Using a novel database of Spanish patents generated on- and off-park together with firms’ characteristics, we compare the quality of patents filed by firms located inside and outside STPs and find that STPs have a positive effect on the quality of the tenants’ innovative performance. We apply a novel econometric technique to confirm that our results are robust to omitted variable bias and explore possible channels through which STPs produce an effect on patent quality, such as by facilitating collaboration, increasing collaboration with universities, and fostering the internationalisation of inventions.
Niedrigschwellige onlinebasierte Suchtberatung in Fußballfanszenen
Authors: Deimel Daniel , Arasteh-Roodsary Laura
Published: January 2024

Im Rahmen des Projektes SubFAN („Substanzkonsum in Fußballfanszenen“) wird ein niedrigschwelliges onlinebasiertes Beratungsportal entwickelt, das sich an jugendliche und junge erwachsene Fußballfans richtet. Das Projekt integriert Aspekte der Sucht- und Gewaltprävention und orientiert sich an der spezifischen Lebensrealität der Zielgruppe. Durch die Kooperation mit zehn sozialpädagogischen Fanprojekten wird eine Schnittstelle zwischen Jugend- und Suchthilfe geschaffen. Im Rahmen der Begleitforschung werden zudem die Hintergründe und Dynamiken von Substanzkonsum und Gewalterfahrungen im Fußballkontext analysiert.
The thermophysical properties of a promising composite adsorbent based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes for heat storage
Authors: Grekova Alexandra , Strelova Svetlana , Solovyeva Marina , Tokarev Mikhail
Published: January 2024

The use of energy from alternative energy sources as well as the use of waste heat are key elements of an efficient energetics. Adsorption heat storage is a technology that allows solving such problems. For the successful operation of an adsorption heat accumulator, it is necessary to analyze the thermophysical characteristics of the system under the conditions of the operating cycle: heat transfer coefficient adsorbent-metal (α2), overall (U) and global (UA) heat transfer coefficients of heat exchanger. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites are very promising for adsorption-based renewable energy storage and conversion technologies. In this work at the stage of heat release, α2 was measured by the large pressure jump (LPJ) method, at the stage of heat storage by large temperature jump method (LTJ), which made it possible to obtain thermophysical characteristics that corresponded to the implementation of the real working cycle as much as possible. The heat transfer coefficients for a pair of adsorbent LiCl/MWCNT—methanol are measured for the first time under the conditions of a daily heat storage cycle both at the sorption stage (α2 = 190 W/m2K) and at the desorption stage (α2 = 170 W/m2K).
A Dynamic Analysis of Arrears and Income Poverty in Italy
Authors: Mussida Chiara , Sciulli Dario
Published: January 2024

We explore the effects of income poverty on the probability of being in arrears in Italy. We account for endogeneity by using a bivariate discrete response model, which allows considering feedback effects from arrears to future poverty status and selection issues. We also offer an analysis by macro-region. We use longitudinal 2016–2019 EU-SILC data. Our results suggest that being in arrears is characterized by a significant trap effect, which, however, tends to decline over time. We also find the presence of feedback effects from arrears condition to future poverty status. Notably, current poverty status is negatively associated with current arrears status, but the correlation is positive in the medium term. This may suggest that income conditions need time to exert their effects on the probability of being in arrears. In the medium term, being in arrears increases the probability of being poor. We also note heterogeneity at the regional level.
High-Pressure Die Casting of Al–Ce–La–Ni–Fe Alloys
Authors: MacDonald Benjamin E. , Wiesner Stuart , Holdsworth Ryan , Söderhjelm Carl , Apelian Diran
Published: January 2024

The effects on phase equilibria of La and Fe additions to the Al–Ce–Ni-based alloy system are explored under high-pressure die casting conditions. The addition of La to Al–Ce–Ni-based alloy system only reacts with Ce synergistically to promote the formation of the Al11(Ce,La)3 intermetallic phase as predicted by CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) and verified experimentally. High Fe additions react with Ni to form the Al9FeNi intermetallic phase, which is an additional eutectic former. The targeted co-precipitation type eutectic morphology is achieved in the alloys studied. Additional coarse particles of Al11(Ce,La)3, present in the alloys studied and not predicted by CALPHAD, are attributed to possible inclusions of Ce and La oxide, present in the mischmetal feedstock used. Both alloys exhibit exceptional mechanical stability after 10 hours at 400 °C due to the stability of the phases formed during solidification. The alloy with high Fe additions possessed better mechanical properties after heat treatment based on the higher eutectic content and more substantial improvement to the morphology of secondary phases after treatment.
Laser powder bed fusion in situ alloying of AISI 316L-2.5%Cu alloy: microstructure and mechanical properties evolution
Authors: Behjat Amir , Shamanian Morteza , Iuliano Luca , Saboori Abdollah
Published: January 2024

This work investigates the effects of copper addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel fabricated by the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) method. The outcomes reveal that the copper atom dissolves into iron and forms a complete austenitic structure under the condition of the L-PBF process. Microstructural observations demonstrate that the microstructure of the new alloy is characterised by columnar grains consisting of finer cellular structures, as compared to the as-built AISI 316L. The appearance of such a finer sub-structure could be originated from the effect of copper on the cooling rate during the L-PBF process. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy maps indicate that the distribution of copper in the AISI 316L matrix is homogeneous, and no significant segregation of elements in the matrix is revealed. The results of the tensile tests show that the ultimate tensile strength of AISI 316L-Cu alloy is 558 MPa, whereas the yield strength value and the tensile elongation are 510 MPa and 30.4%, respectively. Two mechanisms of solid solution strengthening, and refinement of cell sizes improve the mechanical properties of AISI316L-Cu alloy compared with AISI 316L one. The microscale fractography of the fracture surface shows ductile fracture with massive dimple networks and brittle fracture with a quasi-cleavage plane, which may indicate the melt pool boundary. All these results confirm that the development of new alloys following the in situ alloying approach is economical and reliable.
The Limits of Philology: Antonio Agustín and Textual Criticism of Canon Law in Tridentine Europe
Authors: Falkowski Mateusz
Published: January 2024

This article examines Antonio Agustín's (1517–86) philological and historical treatise “De Emendatione Gratiani” (1587). Canon law became a key controversial issue in Catholic-Protestant confessional arguments in the sixteenth century, but its convoluted history also posed a challenge within Catholic orthodoxy itself. This essay discusses how Agustín, working to improve the text of Gratian's “Decretum” (ca. 1140), navigated between his own scholarly integrity and the requirements of Tridentine reforms. The focus on canon law uncovers rarely acknowledged connections between Renaissance philology and ecclesiastical scholarship, and opens a new perspective on the entanglement of humanism and religion, confessional conflicts, and erudition.
Fixed Effects and Post-Treatment Bias in Legacy Studies
Authors: HOMOLA JONATHAN , PEREIRA MIGUEL M. , TAVITS MARGIT
Published: January 2024

Pepinsky, Goodman, and Ziller (2024, American Political Science Review, PGZ) reassess a recent study on the long-term consequences of concentration camps in Germany. The authors conclude that accounting for contemporary (i.e., post-treatment) state heterogeneity in the models provides unbiased estimates of the effects of camps on current-day outgroup intolerance. In this note, we show that PGZ’s empirical strategy rests on (a) a mischaracterization of what regional fixed effects capture and (b) two unrealistic assumptions that can be avoided with pre-treatment state fixed effects. We further demonstrate that results from the original article remain substantively the same when we incorporate regional fixed effects correctly. Finally, simulations reveal that camp proximity consistently outperforms spatially correlated noise in this specific study. The note contributes to the growing literature on legacy studies by advancing the discussion about the correct modeling choices in this challenging field.