bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic and Epigenomic Features of Glioblastoma Multiforme and its Biomarkers
Authors: Jadoon Sarmad Sheraz , Ilyas Umair , Zafar Hajra , Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia , Khan Saifullah , Khan Saeed Ahmad , Ahmed Tanzeel , Rasool Yasir , Altaf Reem , Raza Faisal , Abbas Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Glioblastoma multiforme is a serious and life-threatening tumor of central nervous system, characterized by aggressive behavior, poor prognosis, and low survival rate. Despite of the availability of aggressive antitumor therapeutic regimen for glioblastoma (radiotherapy followed by chemotherapeutic dose), recovery rate, and patients’ survival ratio is attributed to the lack of selectivity of therapeutic drugs and less advancement in cancer therapeutics over last decade. Moreover, tools employed in conventional diagnosis of glioblastoma are more invasive and painful, making the process excruciating for the patients. These challenges urge for the need of novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction purpose with less invasiveness and more patient compliance. This article will explore the genetic biomarkers isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, MGMT mutations, and EGFR that can be deployed as an analytical tool in diagnosis of disease and prognosis of a therapeutic course. The review also highlights the importance of employing novel microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers. Recent clinical advancements to treat GBM and to prevent relapse of the disease are also discussed in this article in the hope of finding a robust and effective method to treat GBM.
Insights into Controlling the Spread of COVID‐19: A Study Inspired by Seven of the Earliest Vaccinated Countries
Authors: Teh Jane K. L. , Bradley David A. , Ang Woo Teck , Teo Kok Lay , Chook Jack Bee , Lai Kee Huong , Peh Suat-Cheng
Published: September 2022

Background. The aim of the study is to derive deeper insights into the control of the spread of COVID‐19 during the second half of 2021, from seven countries that are among the earliest to have accelerated the deployment of COVID‐19 vaccines. Methodology. This study used data from the Global COVID‐19 Index and Google COVID‐19 Community Mobility Reports. Data was extracted on the 5th of each month from July to December 2021. Seven countries were selected—United Kingdom, United States of America, Israel, Canada, France, Italy, and Austria. The sample comprised number of new cases, hospitalisations, ICU admissions and deaths due to COVID‐19, government stringency measures, partial and full vaccination coverage, and changes in human mobility. Principal component analysis was conducted, and the results were interpreted and visualized through 2‐dimensional and 3‐dimensional plots to reveal the systematic patterns of the data. Results. The first three principal components captured around 77.3% of variance in the data. The first component was driven by the spread of COVID‐19 (31.6%), the second by mobility activities (transit, retail, and recreational) (24.3%), whereas the third by vaccination coverage, workplace‐related mobility, and government stringency measures (21.4%). Visualizations showed lower or moderate levels of severity in COVID‐19 during this period for most countries. By contrast, the surge in the USA was more severe especially in September 2021. Human mobility activities peaked in September for most countries and then receded in the following months as more stringent government measures were imposed, and countries began to grapple with a surge in COVID‐19 cases. Conclusion. This study delineated the spread of COVID‐19, human mobility patterns, widespread vaccination coverage, and government stringency measures on the overall control of COVID‐19. While at least moderate levels of stringency measures are needed, high vaccine coverage is particularly important in curbing the spread of this disease.
Machine English Translation Evaluation System Based on BP Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Han Yanlin , Meng Shaoxiu
Published: September 2022

In order to solve the problems of machine translation efficiency and translation quality, this paper proposes an English translation evaluation system based on the BP neural network algorithm. This method provides users with a more intelligent machine translation service experience. With the help of the BP neural network algorithm, taking English online translation as the research object, Google’s translation quality is the best, with an error frequency of only 167, while Baidu translation and iFLYTEK translation in China have a high error rate of 266 and 301, respectively, which is much higher than Google translation. A model of machine translation evaluation based on the neural network algorithm is proposed to better solve the disadvantages of traditional English machine translation. The results show that the machine translation system based on the neural network algorithm can further optimize the problems existing in machine translation, such as insufficient use of information and large scale of model parameters, and further improve the performance of neural network machine translation.
Effect of Ketorolac on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of 5-Fluorouracil: In Vivo and In Vitro Study
Authors: Atefinezhad Motahare , Moghadamnia Ahmadreza , Eftekhar Seyed Parsa , Moghadamnia Ali Akbar , Kazemi Sohrab
Published: September 2022

Background. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ketorolac on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU and its effect on the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the HT-29 cell line. Methods. Cell culture: the HT-29 cell line was treated with different concentrations of 5-FU, ketorolac, and combination of 5-FU and ketorolac for 24 and 48 hours. The cell viability (%) was calculated by the MTT assay. Animal study: rats were randomly divided into control and pretreatment groups. The control group received physiological saline, whereas the pretreatment group received ketorolac by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections on a daily basis for 14 days. On the 15th day, both groups received 5-FU (i.p.). Blood samples were collected at different times for HPLC analysis, and 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results. At cell culture study, in a certain concentration range, combination therapy showed synergistic effects (<0.05). However, at concentrations above this range, combination therapy showed antagonistic effects on 5-FU efficacy (<0.05). According to the pharmacokinetic analysis, pretreatment with ketorolac resulted in a significant increase in AUC, Cmax, and Tmax of 5-FU (<0.05) and a significant decrease in V/F and Cl/F of 5-FU (<0.05). Conclusions. Combination therapy with ketorolac and 5-FU, depending on time and concentration, has a synergistic effect on reducing the viability of cancer cells. Also, ketorolac is able to alter the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU. Since there is a close relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-FU and its effectiveness/toxicity, it seems that these changes are towards creating a synergistic effect on 5-FU cytotoxicity. These results suggest the need to optimize the dose of these drugs in order to increase clinical efficacy and reduce the toxicity associated with them.
Reorganization Reaction Characteristics between Different Volatile Content and Waste Pyrolysis
Authors: Wang Na , Hu Jinsong , Tan Zhongfu , Li Jingru , Dong Litong , Mei Nian
Published: September 2022

In order to obtain the ideal high-value product and recognize the contribution of various waste components to the final product, each typical single component of domestic waste was pyrolyzed separately, the volatile was reformed with half coke at 600°C, and the yield and components of the reforming gas and liquid were analyzed. The investigation was followed by the results: after reforming, the yield of the gas is the highest, reaching 66.40 wt.% of plastic air-dry weight, 119.74% higher than before reforming, the highest yield, 37.22 wt.% of kitchen waste air-dry weight, only 2.21% lower than before reforming. At the same time, after plastic pyrolysis volatile reforming, H2 production is the highest, 13.14 mol/kg of air-dry-based plastic, and the largest molar fraction in the reforming gas, 37.33 mol%. Compared with the results of single-component pyrolysis-reforming and multicomponent waste copyrolysis-reforming results, the multicomponent copyrolysis-reforming process promotes hydrolysis deoxidation, electrolyte-water vapor reforming and cracking reaction, chain hydrocarbon looping and aromatic dehydrogenation reaction, hydrogenation gasification reaction and methylation reaction, copyrolysis-reforming H2, CO2 production, and less oxygen content in the liquid.
Effect of Hypertonic Saline Solution Combined with Furosemide on Acute Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Zuoqing , Wang ZuanJin , Liu Nanchao , Li Haili
Published: September 2022

Background. The efficacy of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) combined with furosemide in treating acute heart failure is controversial. This meta-analysis explores the efficacy of HSS combined with furosemide for the treatment of acute heart failure. Methods. Literature were searched from databases, including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Central, CMKI, Wanfang, and VIP. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) subjects: patients with acute heart failure; (2) the experimental group and the control group were properly set up; (3) intervention measures: patients in the experimental group were treated with HSS + furosemide, and patients in the control group were treated with furosemide; (4) the outcomes included at least one of the following indicators: readmission rate, mortality, 24 h urine volume, weight loss, and serum creatinine; and (5) randomized controlled trial (RCT). The method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration Network was used to evaluate the risk bias. The heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated through the chi-square test, and the publication bias was assessed by the Egger test. The results were described using risk ratio (RR), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The readmission rate in the HSS + furosemide group was lower than that in the furosemide group (

RR
=
0.53

, 95% CI [0.46, 0.60],

P
<
0.00001

), with no heterogeneity among the literature (

P
=
0.21

,

I

2

=
29
%

). Patients in the HSS + furosemide group had a lower mortality rate than that in the furosemide group (

RR
=
0.55

, 95% CI [0.46, 0.65],

P
<
0.00001

). The chi-square test result indicated no heterogeneity among the literature (

P
=
0.25

,

I

2

=
23
%

). Furthermore, the 24 h urine volume of patients in the HSS + furosemide group was higher than that in the furosemide group (

MD
=
497.29

, 95% CI [457.61, 536.96],

P
<
0.00001

). There was no heterogeneity among the literature (

P
=
0.58

,

I

2

=
0
%

). In contrast, patients in the HSS + furosemide group demonstrated a lower serum creatinine level than those in the furosemide group (

MD
=
−
0.45

, 95% CI [-0.51, -0.39],

P
<
0.00001

). However, heterogeneity was observed among the literature (

P
<
0.00001

,

I

2

=
81
%

). The weight loss in the HSS + furosemide group was higher than that in the furosemide group (

MD
=
1.83

, 95% CI [1.51, 2.15],

P
<
0.00001

). There was no heterogeneity among the literature (

P
=
0.42

,

I

2

=
2
%

). Egger test showed no publication bias among the literature (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. Despite the heterogeneity and bias in our study, the combination of HSS with furosemide is promising in patients with acute heart failure. However, further research is still needed to confirm.
Ferroptosis in Macrophage Impairment in Sepsis
Authors: Liu Hongxuan , Li Lei
Published: September 2022

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome with high mortality, which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Nonspecific immune dysfunction and immune imbalance are its important pathological features. Macrophages are important immune cells and one of the important components of innate and adaptive immunity. Regulating the function of macrophages may be a potential method for the treatment of sepsis. Up to now, ferroptosis has been proved to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of many diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and renal degeneration. At present, relevant studies have reported that ferroptosis may be involved in the occurrence of sepsis This paper reviews the existing mechanisms of iron ptosis in macrophages in sepsis, with a view to providing si’l for future studies on sepsis.
Blocking REDD1/TXNIP Complex Ameliorates HG-Induced Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and EMT through Repressing Oxidative Stress
Authors: Mu Lin , Chen Nan , Chen Yakun , Yang Zhifen , Zhou Huandi , Song Shan , Shi Yonghong
Published: September 2022

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the most common secondary kidney disease causing end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms responsible for DN remain largely unknown. Regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) is a prooxidative molecule known to contribute to diabetes mellitus and its complications. However, it has not been previously examined whether and how REDD1 can further drive renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in DN. The expression of REDD1 was elevated in the kidneys of DN patients and diabetic mice in this study. By generating the DN model in REDD1 knockout mice, we demonstrated that REDD1 deficiency significantly improved apoptosis and EMT in diabetic mice. In vitro experiments showed that REDD1 generation was induced by high glucose (HG) in HK-2 cells. Similarly, the transfection of REDD1 siRNA plasmid also suppressed HG-induced apoptosis and EMT. Furthermore, we discovered that the inhibition of REDD1 suppressed the expression of Nox4-induced HG and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in HK-2 cells. In addition, HG could induce endogenous REDD1 and TXNIP to form a powerful complex. In summary, our findings demonstrate that blocking the REDD1/TXNIP complex can prevent HG-induced apoptosis and EMT by inhibiting ROS production, highlighting REDD1 as a valuable therapeutic priority site for DN.
Intelligent Reading of English Text Based on the Generative Model Constraint Label Fusion
Authors: Yang Hua , Wei Huiliang
Published: September 2022

The intelligent reading of English text is affected by complex environmental factors, which will result in low reading accuracy and poor reader experience. Based on the artificial intelligence model, this study constructs the artificial intelligence English text reading model by using the generative model constraint label, which helps to improve the intelligence of the English text reading effect. This study also designs a multigraph label fusion algorithm based on generative model constraints. By making full use of the prior knowledge of multiple graphs, the result of fusion graph segmentation is achieved. Moreover, this study also uses the combination of two algorithms, namely, the combination of GMM and MRF, to express the spatial correlation of local statistical features and image pixels in a comprehensive and all-round way. Another model design also includes a series of joint distributions of the learning data for the construction of the image energy function, and the conditional probability distribution is used as the model for prediction. At the end of the study, another variable control experiment is carried out to analyze the performance of the model and the accuracy of the model in English text recognition and classification is studied and counted. The research results show that the intelligent reading model constructed based on this study can meet the needs of the actual situation.
Layout Simulation of Prefabricated Building Construction Based on the Markov Model
Authors: Jiao Xin
Published: September 2022

In order to meet the needs of the simulation function of prefabricated building construction layout, the author proposes a technology based on the Markov model. The main content of this technology is based on Markov model technology and takes Jinzhong Zhaimen as an example to conduct spatial scale research, according to the sensitivity of spatial scale, and finally through analysis, a systematic research method is constructed. Experimental results show that in the cell size range used, 80 m and 400 m can be regarded as the cell size threshold and limit value affecting the simulation accuracy, and when the cell size is below 80 m, the simulation result coefficient values are all more accurate. Conclusion. A technical study demonstrates that the Markov model can meet the needs of prefabricated building construction layout simulation functions.
An Automated Data Desensitisation System Based on the Middle Platform
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhou Haocheng
Published: September 2022

Built on top of a big data platform, the Middle Platform develops data through abstraction, sharing, and reuse capabilities to provide data products and data services for upper-level business development. While fully analysing and mining the intrinsic value of data, privacy and sensitive information in the data must also be protected, so the Middle Platform needs a data desensitisation system to ensure the safe and open use of data. In order to solve the problems of high usage costs, low efficiency, and lack of standardised results of desensitisation that exist in conventional data desensitisation systems, an automated desensitisation system with data assets, access control, and desensitisation strategies as the main modules is established using an adaptive method of generating dynamic desensitisation rules, combined with a security monitoring mechanism of sensitivity classification and two-level permissions. The system optimises the configuration structure to obtain stable and reliable desensitisation results and efficiently respond to diverse business needs. Users are able to get rid of complex rule management and focus on the data usage itself.
Application of Two Delay Differential Equations in the Evolutionary Game of Public Goods Supply
Authors: Sun Simo , Man Wang , Yang Hui
Published: September 2022

Starting from the leading role of public goods suppliers’ supply strategies, the government’s incentives and support to suppliers, and consumers’ influence on public opinion and other factors, the matrix game models between public goods suppliers and between the suppliers and the government are established, respectively. Considering the delay of government and supplier strategies, establish two delay differential equations between the two suppliers and between the supplier and the government, obtain the evolutionary game model of public goods supply, and solve the equilibrium point of the evolutionary game model with or without delay and its stability. Then, through model parameter analysis, verify the rationality of public goods supplier’s supply and government incentive strategy. Finally, through numerical simulation, it is verified that the delay does not affect the stability of the equilibrium point of the game party but changes the rate at which the game party’s strategy reaches a steady state, conducive to rapid, scientific, and reasonable decision-making between the suppliers of public goods and between the government and suppliers.
Design and Analysis of Machine Learning Based Technique for Malware Identification and Classification of Portable Document Format Files
Authors: Alshamrani Sultan S.
Published: September 2022

Modern day antivirus software, which is available commercially, is incapable of providing the protection from the malicious portable document format (PDF) files and thus considered as a threat to system security. In order to mitigate the same to some extent, a new PDF malware classification system based on machine learning (ML) is introduced in this paper. The novelty of this system is that it will be inspecting the given PDF file both statistically and dynamically, which in turn will increase the accuracy of finding the correct nature of the document. This method is nonsignature-based and hence can possibly distinguish obscure and zero-day malware. The experiment is carried out for this system by deploying five different classifier algorithms to find out the best fit for the system. The best fit approach is analyzed by calculating the true positive rate (TPR), precision, false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and F1-score for each of these classifier algorithms. Comparison of this work is carried out with previously existing PDF classification systems. A malicious attack on to the proposed system is also implemented, which will in turn obfuscate the malicious code inside the PDF file by making it hidden during the parsing phase by the PDF parser. It has been inferred that the proposed approach achieved F1-measure of 0.986 by using the random forest (RF) classifier in comparison to state-of-the-art where F1-measure was 0.978. Thus, our approach is quite effective in the identification of the malwares when embedded in the PDF file in comparison to the existing systems.
Active Compliance Control System for Intelligent Inspection Robot in Power Room
Authors: Guan Ning , Zhang Pei
Published: September 2022

In order to solve the problems of blind spot and time-consuming and laborious monitoring in manual inspection of power information and communication rooms, a kind of active compliant control system for intelligent inspection robots of power information and communication rooms is proposed. This research includes the noncontact detection method of the inspection robot in the power room based on machine vision; the optimization environment of the power room; the control of the inspection robot through the monitoring system terminal; the automatic visual inspection of the machine through the monitoring network transmission; the display of the monitoring terminal and the use of the calibration of the machine; and the edge detection method of the inspection image. The motion model of the inspection robot in the power room is constructed and the compliant control method of the inspection robot is designed. The experimental results show that the ineffective fluctuation range of torque of each joint is the smallest when the inspection robot is disturbed by obstacles in the process of executing signal change instructions, and the average fluctuation range of robot limbs is 0.65%. Conclusion. Based on the research results of this essay, it is proved that the controllability of power signal lamp change can be optimized separately in the future, and the safety of circuit operation can be improved.
Optimization of Child Literature Curriculum Settings for Preschool Education Based on Numerical Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi
Published: September 2022

With the progress of society and economy, the optimization setting of child literature courses in preschool education major has become increasingly popular. Curriculum optimization setting provides support for the effective inheritance of child literature. Numerical analysis is used to optimize the setting of child literature courses for preschool education majors, mainly by using the obtained data for the input of numerical analysis, collecting data from the “similar dataset” according to children’s daily language, and calculating the adjacent data in the dataset and evaluating child literature in preschool education while predicting the accuracy of curriculum optimization settings and making personalized recommendations for children’s interests according to the children’s numerical analysis results that are modified with the change of children’s interest over time. Finally, the results of the experiment indicate that the proposed algorithm for numerical analysis requires less time than other algorithms in the process of optimization for setting of child literature courses for preschool education majors, thereby ensuring more effective optimization of curriculum settings. Finally, the case study results suggest that the proposed method is effective in enhancing students’ interdisciplinary teacher skills, cultivating interdisciplinary teacher talents, improving students’ application and innovation capabilities, driving the development of disciplines, and serving the national cultural development strategy.
Secure Internet of Things Gateway Technology Based on Multicommunication Methods
Authors: Zhang Qiangshan
Published: September 2022

In order to explore how the Internet of Things implements a secure Internet of Things gateway technology, the author proposes a research on a secure Internet of Things gateway technology based on multicommunication methods. This method recommends key technical problems and solutions based on information represented by multiple communication methods and explores how the Internet of Things can realize the research of Internet of Things gateway technology. Research has shown that the security IoT gateway based on multiple communication methods is about 40% more efficient than the traditional method. By studying some exploratory guidance and suggestions for the development of the Internet of Things, it is found that there are still many problems to be solved before realizing the real Internet of Things environment.
Antibodies Recognizing Yersinia enterocolitica Lipopolysaccharides of Various Chemotypes in Synovial Fluids From Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Kasperkiewicz Katarzyna , Świerzko Anna S. , Michalski Mateusz , Eppa Łukasz , Skurnik Mikael , Żuber Zbigniew , Cedzyński Maciej
Published: September 2022

Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 (YeO3) is considered to be associated with reactive arthritis (ReA), and its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been detected in synovial fluids from patients. Interestingly, YeO3 wild-type LPS was processed by host cells, resulting in truncated LPS molecules presenting the core region. Previously, we reported the immunogenicity but not adjuvanticity of YeO3 LPSs of wild (S) type, Ra, Rd, or Re chemotypes in mice. Here, we demonstrate the presence of YeO3 LPS chemotype-specific antibodies in all analyzed synovial fluids (SF) from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Interestingly, the high titer of antibodies specific for the Kdo-lipid A region was found in most tested SF. In contrast, only a few were positive for antibodies recognizing O-specific polysaccharides. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of antibodies reacting with fast-migrating LPS fractions and enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) in synovial fluid samples. Our data also suggest the importance of LPS-associated ECA for the antigenicity of endotoxin. Furthermore, we confirmed in vitro that Yersinia LPS processing leads to the exposure of its core region and enhanced potency of complement lectin pathway activation.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Is Associated with Altered Immune Cell Infiltration and an Anti-Tumorigenic Microenvironment in Resected Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dias Costa Andressa , Väyrynen Sara A. , Chawla Akhil , Zhang Jinming , Väyrynen Juha P. , Lau Mai Chan , Williams Hannah L. , Yuan Chen , Morales-Oyarvide Vicente , Elganainy Dalia , Singh Harshabad , Cleary James M. , Perez Kimberly , Ng Kimmie , Freed-Pastor William , Mancias Joseph D. , Dougan Stephanie K. , Wang Jiping , Rubinson Douglas A. , Dunne Richard F. , Kozak Margaret M. , Brais Lauren , Reilly Emma , Clancy Thomas , Linehan David C. , Chang Daniel T. , Hezel Aram F. , Koong Albert C. , Aguirre Andrew J. , Wolpin Brian M. , Nowak Jonathan A.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly administered to patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment is incompletely understood.

Experimental

Design:

We employed quantitative, spatially resolved multiplex immunofluorescence and digital image analysis to identify T-cell subpopulations, macrophage polarization states, and myeloid cell subpopulations in a multi-institution cohort of up-front resected primary tumors (n = 299) and in a comparative set of resected tumors after FOLFIRINOX-based neoadjuvant therapy (n = 36) or up-front surgery (n = 30). Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between the immune microenvironment and patient outcomes.

Results:

In the multi-institutional resection cohort, immune cells exhibited substantial heterogeneity across patient tumors and were located predominantly in stromal regions. Unsupervised clustering using immune cell densities identified four main patterns of immune cell infiltration. One pattern, seen in 20% of tumors and characterized by abundant T cells (T cell–rich) and a paucity of immunosuppressive granulocytes and macrophages, was associated with improved patient survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a higher CD8:CD4 ratio, greater M1:M2–polarized macrophage ratio, and reduced CD15+ARG1+ immunosuppressive granulocyte density. Within neoadjuvant-treated tumors, 72% showed a T cell–rich pattern with low immunosuppressive granulocytes and macrophages. M1-polarized macrophages were located closer to tumor cells after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and colocalization of M1-polarized macrophages and tumor cells was associated with greater tumor pathologic response and improved patient survival.

Conclusions:

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX shifts the PDAC immune microenvironment toward an anti-tumorigenic state associated with improved patient survival.
Preclinical Evaluation of 225Ac-Labeled Single-Domain Antibody for the Treatment of HER2pos Cancer
Authors: Rodak Magdalena , Dekempeneer Yana , Wojewódzka Maria , Caveliers Vicky , Covens Peter , Miller Brian W. , Sevenois Matthijs B. , Bruchertseifer Frank , Morgenstern Alfred , Lahoutte Tony , D'Huyvetter Matthias , Pruszyński Marek
Published: September 2022

Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in various cancers; thus, HER2-targeting single-domain antibodies (sdAb) could offer a useful platform for radioimmunotherapy. In this study, we optimized the labeling of an anti-HER2-sdAb with the α-particle-emitter 225Ac through a DOTA-derivative. The formed radioconjugate was tested for binding affinity, specificity and internalization properties, whereas cytotoxicity was evaluated by clonogenic and DNA double-strand-breaks assays. Biodistribution studies were performed in mice bearing subcutaneous HER2pos tumors to estimate absorbed doses delivered to organs and tissues. Therapeutic efficacy and potential toxicity were assessed in HER2pos intraperitoneal ovarian cancer model and in healthy C57Bl/6 mice. [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-2Rs15d exhibited specific cell uptake and cell-killing capacity in HER2pos cells (EC50 = 3.9 ± 1.1 kBq/mL). Uptake in HER2pos lesions peaked at 3 hours (9.64 ± 1.69% IA/g), with very low accumulation in other organs (<1% IA/g) except for kidneys (11.69 ± 1.10% IA/g). α-camera imaging presented homogeneous uptake of radioactivity in tumors, although heterogeneous in kidneys, with a higher signal density in cortex versus medulla. In mice with HER2pos disseminated tumors, repeated administration of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-2Rs15d significantly prolonged survival (143 days) compared to control groups (56 and 61 days) and to the group treated with HER2-targeting mAb trastuzumab (100 days). Histopathologic evaluation revealed signs of kidney toxicity after repeated administration of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-2Rs15d. [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-2Rs15d efficiently targeted HER2pos cells and was effective in treatment of intraperitoneal disseminated tumors, both alone and as an add-on combination with trastuzumab, albeit with substantial signs of inflammation in kidneys. This study warrants further development of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-2Rs15d.
Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Confer De Novo Resistance to PD-L1 Blockade through EMT–Stromal and Tgfβ-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Yu Haocheng , Sfakianos John P. , Wang Li , Hu Yang , Daza Jorge , Galsky Matthew D. , Sandhu Harkirat S. , Elemento Olivier , Faltas Bishoy M. , Farkas Adam M. , Bhardwaj Nina , Zhu Jun , Mulholland David J.
Published: September 2022

Most bladder cancers are poorly responsive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). With the need to define mechanisms of de novo resistance, including contributions from the tumor microenvironment (TME), we used single-cell transcriptional profiling to map tumor-infiltrating lymphocytic and myeloid cells in 10 human bladder tumors obtained from patients with a history of smoking either with or without previous ICB. Human datasets were qualitatively compared with single cell datasets from the BBN carcinogen-induced mouse model of bladder cancer, which was poorly responsive to PD-L1 blockade. We applied an established signature of acquired ICB resistance to these human and murine datasets to reveal conservation in EMT and TGFβ ICB resistance signatures between human–mouse stromal and myeloid cells. Using TCGA transcriptional datasets and deconvolution analysis, we showed that patients with a history of smoking and bladder tumors high in M2 macrophage tumor content had a significantly worse survival outcome compared with nonsmokers who were M2 high. Similarly, BBN-induced tumors were high in M2 macrophage content and contained exhausted T–NK cells, thereby modeling the identified TCGA patient subpopulation. The combined targeting of TGFβ + PD-L1 reverted immune cell exclusion and resulted in increased survival and delayed BBN-induced tumor progression. Together, these data support a coordinated role for stromal and myeloid cell populations in promoting de novo resistance to PD-L1 blockade, particularly in patients with a history of smoking.

Significance:

Most patients with bladder cancer do not respond to ICB targeting of the PD-L1 signaling axis. Our modeling applied a de novo resistance signature to show that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells promote poor treatment response in a TGFβ-dependent mechanism.
The rs9939609 Variant in FTO Increases the Risk of Hypercholesterolemia in Metabolically Healthy Subjects with Excess Weight
Authors: Sierra-Ruelas Erika , Campos-Pérez Wendy , Torres-Castillo Nathaly , García-Solís Pablo , Vizmanos Barbara , Martínez-López Erika
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is largely/primarily expressed in the hypothalamus. It plays a role in energy balance, regulation of food intake, and adipogenesis. According to metabolic phenotypes, studies have associated the FTO rs9939609 variant with body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, and dietary intake but not with serum lipids. This study aimed to analyze the association of the FTO rs9939609 variant with serum lipids in Mexican adults with different metabolic phenotypes. Methods: We included 306 subjects aged 18–65 years, classified as normal weight or excess weight (EW) according to their BMI. EW included BMI from 25 to 39.9 kg/m2. Participants were classified into two metabolic phenotypes: metabolically healthy/metabolically unhealthy (MH/MUH). We use the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and NCEP-ATP III cutoffs for glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and blood pressure. Subjects with ≥2 altered parameters were classified as MUH. The variant was determined by allelic discrimination with TaqMan® probes. Results: In subjects with the A allele, significantly higher total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were found (p < 0.05). Furthermore, subjects with EW-MH and the AA or AT genotype had a significantly higher odds ratio for hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio 4.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.48–13.59, p = 0.008). Conclusion: The FTO rs9939609 variant may influence serum lipid concentrations, increasing the risk of hypercholesterolemia.
Kelulut honey-filled pots detection using image processing based techniques
Authors: Nur Azhani W. Samsudin Wan , Harizan Zul Mohd , Zamri Ibrahim Mohd , Abdul Karim Rohana
Published: September 2022

Kelulut bee is one of the stingless bee species in Malaysia, which is not dangerous to human. Honey from Kelulut bee can be used for the treatment of a variety of illness. The awareness of honey nutrition in our health makes it received high demands from the consumers. Traditionally, beekeepers did the manual inspection to check the honey-filled pots by using the straw or needle. The high demand from the consumers and the greater size of Kelulut beehive make it impractical to check manually all the honeypots which are time-consuming. The hygiene of the collected honey is also important to produce a good quality of honey. Hence, an automated honey-filled pots detection system is proposed to overcome these limitations. The proposed system will reduce the time consuming and less prone to error of the wrong estimation of honey-filled pots. MATLAB software is used to process the image of the Kelulut beehive which is challenging due to the overlapped honeypots in the image. Using the proposed algorithm, it can detect whether the pots filled with honey or not by using image processing techniques and it will analyse the image which represents the percentage amount of honey in the beehives.
Virtual tools in distance education: university satisfaction regarding its application as part of teaching strategies
Authors: Morales-Romero Guillermo , Arévalo-Tuesta José Antonio , Rodas-Camacho Lilia , Auqui-Ramos Elizabeth , Palacios-Huaraca Carlos , Trujillo-Hinojosa César , Caceres-Cayllahua Elvira
Published: September 2022

When virtual education was implemented in Peru, the limitations of teachers in technological management were evident. For this reason, the research seeks to analyze the perception of university satisfaction regarding the use of virtual teacher tools as part of teaching strategies, in order to improve virtual teaching-learning, achieving student motivation and facilitating this meaningful learning through the use of virtual tools. The method used according to the investigative approach is qualitative, according to its scope it is descriptive and correlational. During the development of the research, it was identified that the satisfaction regarding the use of virtual tools by the teacher is focused on the critical, constructive and positive attitude towards virtual tools and in the acquittal of students' questions regarding the use of virtual tools. On the other hand, the indicator that is related to low student satisfaction focuses on the low diversity of methodological strategies used for the development of virtual learning sessions. Likewise, the Chi-square test shows the significant relationship between the perception of the teacher's competences regarding the use of virtual tools and the perception of the quality of the teaching offered to students during distance education.
Asynchronous learning: evaluation of virtual classroom metrics according to the perception of university students
Authors: Morales-Romero Guillermo , Quispe-Andía Adrián , León-Velarde César , Aybar-Bellido Irma , Auqui-Ramos Elizabeth , Quispe-Guía Shirley , Palacios-Huaraca Carlos
Published: September 2022

The process and means that the university offers its students must be efficient and of quality, even more so considering the influence of the quality of educational services on student satisfaction. The objective of this article is to analyze the perception of asynchronous learning according to the evaluation of the virtual classroom metrics, carried out by business administration students, the results will allow to continue improving the teaching-learning process in the virtual context of education higher. The methodology of this study is qualitative at the descriptive level, the validation of the data by Cronbach's Alpha, gave a reliability value of 0.985. The results show us that 73.8% of the students perceive that the virtual classroom improved communication and helped the exchange of information between students and 71.4% indicated that the use of the virtual classroom made them more efficient and secure asynchronous learning activities. According to these results, there is a higher percentage of students who consider that the use of the virtual classroom positively influences their asynchronous learning, therefore, it is proposed to continue improving the skills in the use and appropriation of Technologies of information and communication technology (ICT) in virtual students.
An efficient hybrid technique for message encryption using caesar cipher and deoxyribonucleic acid steganography
Authors: Aldeen Taher Yalmaz Najm , Ameen Kameran Ali , Fakhrudeen Ahmed M.
Published: September 2022

Due to security threats on data transmission, a combination of cryptography and steganography techniques are becoming increasingly popular and widely adopted. Correspondingly we have also witnessed most of the literature uses steganography systems development that depends on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). However, they are not sufficient to accommodate data security needs nowadays. Therefore, we propose a new cryptographic technique that combines Caesar cipher and DNA cryptography without affecting its functionality or type. In the beginning, a cryptography method encodes the original message and then conceals it into any cover medium by steganography methods. Comparison experiments have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of our proposal. The results demonstrate that our technique outperforms its counterpart in terms of time and complexity.
Graphical-based password for user authentication in internet of things
Authors: Saif Alshahrani Fatimah , Abdullah Manal
Published: September 2022

Internet of Things has become a significant and evolving technology that cannot be avoidable in most of the sectors. However, the Internet of Things security became a concern due to the huge amount of the sensitive data that transferring through IoT resources. Secure the users' authentication process of the IoT is the first line of defense to protect the users' data from violation. Typically, the alphanumeric-based password is the popular method to authenticate the users of the IoT. But it is a vulnerable mechanism that can be violated easily. For that, this research aims to develop a graphical-based password scheme to support the traditional text password in the IoT technology. The proposed scheme is a hybrid (Two-factor) approach, based on two types of Knowledge-based Authentication method (alphanumeric-based password and graphical-based password) naming as IoT-GP. IoT-GP aims to improve the users' authentication security considering the usability enhancement. The results obtain from the conducted field study indicated that IoT-GP significantly improved the security and the usability. The results of the password entropy and password space indicated that IoT-GP obtained a high rate comparing to another schemes, which reflected on the IoT-GP ability to resist the guessing and brute force attacks.
An overview of number theory research unit variant development security
Authors: Alaa Abdulwahhab Saba , Mohammed Hussein Qasim , Fakhri Al-Shaikhli Imad
Published: September 2022

Number theory research unit (NTRU) become the most important of securi-ty in recent, with its modification of their variant, this paper search of the literature and A number of studies have examined the in public key variant development and security. In general, prior work is limited to a subset of public key increasing complexity but the benefits of speed up encryption/ decryption have not been fully established. So this paper will be the basis for those who want to develop and find proposed solutions for new studies of the NTRU algorithm. This paper aims to develop a framework to investigate the NTRU development, had been discovered that despite its development over the years and even its acceptance in round three of post quantum cryptograph, then found that limit study in the new scope of quantum facility and the ability of hybrid of new study.
Photovoltaic system DC series arc fault: a case study
Authors: Omran Alaa Hamza , Said Dalila Mat , Hussin Siti Maherah , Abdulhussain Sadiq H.
Published: September 2022

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming increasingly popular; however, arc faults on the direct current (DC) side are becoming more widespread as a result of the effects of aging as well as the trend toward higher DC voltage levels, posing severe risk to human safety and system stability. The parallel arc faults present higher level of current as compared with the series arc faults, making it more difficult to spot the series arc. In this paper and for the aim of condition monitoring, the features of a DC series arc fault are analyzed by analysing the arc features, performing model’s simulation in PSCAD, and carrying out experimental studies. Various arc models are simulated and investigated; for low current arcs, the heuristic model is used where a set of parameters established. Moreover, the heuristic model’s simulated arc has been shown to be compatible with the experimental data. The features of arc noise in the electrode separation region and steady-arcing states with varied gap widths are investigated. It has been discovered that after an arc fault occurs, arc noise increases, notably in the frequency range below 50 kHz; where this property is useful for detecting DC series arc faults. Besides that, variations in air gap width are more sensitive to frequencies under 5 kHz.
Single current sensor based fault tolerant control of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine for drive applications
Authors: Saha Sankhadip , Kar Urmila
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an integrated method for current sensor fault detection and fault tolerant control (FTC) for traction interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed current sensor fault detection method is based on detecting changes in the d-q axis current. The FTC is based on d-q axis current estimation from the reference d-q axis current and the phase current measured by the surviving current sensor. The current estimation process is independent of machine parameters. Hence the estimation is robust and requires less computational cost. The effectiveness of the FTC method is verified by the transient analysis. Such FTC is suitable for electric vehicle traction applications to ensure non-stop control operation of the drive in the entire range of speed. The efficacy of the proposed FTC method is tested through extensive simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The real-time applicability of the proposed FTC method using the cost-effective digital signal processor (DSP) is verified on Texas Instruments© TMSF28379D through the processor in loop (PIL) simulation model.
Cadmium sulfide doped with silver as CO2 gas sensor using pyrolysis technique
Authors: Sabeeh Al-Jarah Uday Ali , Jawad Mohamad Haidar , Mustafa Abdul-Hussein Yahya
Published: September 2022

The monitoring of CO2 in our life safety, industrial, and chemical laboratory
applications make it an inspiring task. The chemical spray pyrolysis technique
was used to prepare CdS/Ag thin films. The nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide
thin films were doped with Silver at different doping concentrations (0%, 2%,
and 4%). The morphologies, structures, and gas sensing properties of CdS/Ag
films are presented. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The XRD results show that the
films are a polycrystalline composition and hexagonal type with a favoured
orientation along (111) direction. The average grain size (nm) of AFM is
between 75 and 55 nm. As a result, Ag doping changes the sensitivity of the
samples respectively with the percentage of doping with time. The synthesis
samples show controlling sensitivity and the small response of sensitivity are
the key point in this study.