bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The hunt for computerized accounting education in the GCC: a structured literature review
Authors: Thottoli Mohammed Muneerali
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The objective of this paper is to review and analyze the existing literature on computerized accounting education (CAE) in educational institutions across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and to suggest a research agenda for the future.

Design/methodology/approach

The author employs a structured literature review (SLR) approach to analyze CAE research published in the GCC between 1981 and 2021.

Findings

The current study has focused mainly on education in the field of computerized accounting (CA); however, very few research studies have focused on CAE. The author recognized two key topics: the broad concept of CA and the identification of software programs used to teach CA courses.

Research limitations/implications

A future study might extend to address the gap in the knowledge of graduate students’ theoretical concept in accounting with CA program across higher-educational institutions (HEIs) in the GCC.

Practical implications

The broad topic analyzed by the author leads to highlight the growing need for students’ practical skills in CA, particularly in the GCC, and to give suggestions for future research. This study also provides a kind of advice to educational institutions to implement an appropriate CA program for CA courses.

Originality/value

Currently, there is a lack of SLR on CAE. Findings on the broad topic analyzed in the current study have been addressed by agreeing on a critical assessment of present research and future research goals.
Food supply chain waste reduction for a circular economy in the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study of New Zealand consumers
Authors: Luo Na , Olsen Tava , Ganguly Subhamoy , Liu Yanping
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Food waste (FW) reduction, of which household wastage comprises a large fraction, has an important role in promoting the circular economy (CE). This study investigates how certain consumer traits impact household FW, particularly in the face of external shocks.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a qualitative and longitudinal study, spanning three periods in New Zealand. A preliminary model is constructed from the outcomes of a survey with 178 participants. Then, the authors carried out 29 semi-structured interviews to refine the preliminary model and adapt it to the analysis of household waste behavior.

Findings

Different segments of consumers have distinct response patterns in successive lockdowns, and these patterns impact household FW reduction and food supply chain (FSC) management. The key findings include (1) for government, quick responses to quash unhelpful rumors help to reduce public concerns around FSC interruption; (2) for retailers, the pandemic has hastened the growth of online shopping; being able to expand the distribution channel in a short time is a critical issue; and (3) for consumers, the experience of lockdown has different impacts on different groups of consumers. This variation of experience may either enhance or exacerbate FW in households.

Originality/value

This paper complements the existing literature on the FSC and contributes to household FW and CE literature by providing a framework that integrates external impacts, consumer segmentation to reflect on waste management, and the possible applications of the proposed framework.
Destination stereotypes: a phenomenon of destination image
Authors: Karri Venkata Rohan Sharma , Dogra Jeet
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Despite years of research on destination image (DI), studies have surprisingly failed to investigate how tourists perceive and approach destinations that they are not cognizant about. While prodigious amount of information is available on the dimensionality and nature of DI, little is known about the construct with reference to cognizance, geographical proximity and units. Understanding such an aspect would help destination management organizations (DMOs) in refining their marketing strategies and in improving their destination's competitiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

Through an extensive review of literature in areas pertinent to the phenomenon being investigated, this article puts forward a series of propositions, which are then used in the framework entailing the proposed construct of destination stereotypes (DS).

Findings

While identifying an overlap in concepts pertaining to the fields of marketing and tourism, this study postulates that DS facilitate the extension of a destination's dominant impressions to that of another based on various parameters. It further discusses several courses through which impressions of a particular destination are extended to that of another, thereby putting forward DS as a missing link in tourists' reception of destinations.

Practical implications

DS as a construct helps in identifying the source of an impression which may not be the destination in question but instead another destination. Upon construct validity, the proposed framework would yield insights into other competing destinations and thereby effectively help in altering the extant DI.

Originality/value

While there have been many studies on tourist stereotypes and DI, it is amongst the first few studies to have discussed stereotypes in the context of destinations and their image, especially with an emphasis on cognizance, geographical proximity and units. Therefore, it acts as a meaningful piece of work towards the progression of the DI literature.
Interplay between lean management and circular production system: implications for zero-waste performance, green value competitiveness, and social reputation
Authors: Afum Ebenezer , Li Yiming , Han Peixiu , Sun Zhuo
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study explores the interplay between lean management and circular production systems and their implications on zero-waste performance, green value competitiveness and social reputation.

Design/methodology/approach

Questionnaire-based survey methodology is used to obtain empirical data from Ghanaian manufacturing SMEs. A multivariate statistical technique, specifically partial least square structural equation modelling is chosen to test the hypothesized relationships.

Findings

The empirical results confirm that lean management is a vital element in moving SMEs towards the implementation of circular production systems. The results also confirm that lean management and circular production systems combine effectively to bring about significant improvement in zero-waste performance, reinforce green value competitiveness and boost social reputation. The results further confirm the mediation role of circular production system between lean management, zero-waste performance, green value competitiveness and social reputation.

Originality/value

Anchored on the tenets of the natural resource-based view theory, resource orchestration theory and stakeholder theory, this study proposes an integrated research model that builds new insights into the relationship between lean management, circular production system, zero-waste performance, green value competitiveness and social reputation. The proposed model directs the actions of SME managers in emerging countries to comprehensively evaluate their production processes to equalize the possible compatibility of lean management and circular production systems to meet their zero-waste performance targets, gain green value competitiveness and stimulate social reputation.
Prosocial messaging during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal examination of email advertisements
Authors: Deutsch Ashley , Mouton Ashton
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate how brands communicate with consumers through the COVID-19 pandemic and how messaging has shifted over time. The authors identify a typology drawn from extant literature and use it to understand how brands shape consumers’ behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a mix of interpretive and thematic analysis, the authors examine 858 US email advertisements and how these messages have evolved throughout the pandemic.

Findings

The authors findings demonstrate brand communication ranges from prosocial to brand messaging and brands employed different strategies at different phases of the pandemic. Specifically, while brands started out emphasizing socially desirable behavior before and directly after a national emergency was declared, COVID-19-related communications shifted to predominantly marketing-related messages later in the pandemic.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable insight into how brands adjust communication strategies through a prolonged cultural trauma and how these messages relate to authenticity, the triple bottom line and a social (versus branded) focus.
Records management practices: are all its factors associated with administrative staff performance in chartered private universities in Uganda?
Authors: Barigye Assumpta , Kasekende Francis , Mwirumubi Richard
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the influence of records management practices on staff performance among administrative staff in private universities in Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

Using surveys, this study took a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical design. Out of a population of 177, the study targeted a sample size of 123 respondents. Using proportionate random sampling, data were obtained from 104 usable questionnaires. The researchers applied Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) to test all the four hypotheses. The results are presented in terms of hierarchical regression analysis models.

Findings

Records creation, records maintenance and records disposal are significant predictors of administrative staff performance in chartered private universities in Uganda.

Practical implications

This study is relevant to heads of private universities, as it will guide them to set up and implement records management policies and practices, which are relevant for improving staff performance at work. They will be able to closely adhere to efforts that imply appropriate management of records to promote decision-making, cost reduction and information processing. Private university owners could appraise university management based on whether they can successfully execute records management-related policies and procedures for staff performance.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates that the application of proper records management practices translates into increased administrative staff performance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness within the workplace.
Differential activation of innate and adaptive lymphocytes during latent or active infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ruiz‐Sánchez Bibiana Patricia , Castañeda‐Casimiro Jessica , Cabrera‐Rivera Graciela L. , Brito‐Arriola Owen Marlon , Cruz‐Zárate David , García‐Paredes Víctor Gabriel , Casillas‐Suárez Catalina , Serafín‐López Jeanet , Chacón‐Salinas Rommel , Estrada‐Parra Sergio , Escobar‐Gutiérrez Alejandro , Estrada‐García Iris , Hernández‐Solis Alejandro , Wong‐Baeza Isabel
Published: July 2022

Most individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have latent tuberculosis (TB), which can be diagnosed with tests (such as the QuantiFERON‐TB Gold test [QFT]) that detect the production of IFN‐γ by memory T cells in response to the Mtb‐specific antigens 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target EsxA (Rv3875) (ESAT‐6), 10 kDa culture filtrate antigen EsxB (Rv3874) (CFP‐10), and Mtb antigen of 7.7 kDa (Rv2654c) (TB7.7). However, the immunological mechanisms that determine if an individual will develop latent or active TB remain incompletely understood. Here we compared the response of innate and adaptive peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals without Mtb infection (QFT negative) and from individuals with latent (QFT positive) or active TB infection, to determine the characteristics of these cells that correlate with each condition. In active TB patients, the levels of IFN‐γ that were produced in response to Mtb‐specific antigens had high positive correlations with IL‐1β, TNF‐α, MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐12p70, and IL‐23, while the proinflammatory cytokines had high positive correlations between themselves and with IL‐12p70 and IL‐23. These correlations were not observed in QFT‐negative or QFT‐positive healthy volunteers. Activation with Mtb‐soluble extract (a mixture of Mtb antigens and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns [PAMPs]) increased the percentage of IFN‐γ–/IL‐17–producing NK cells and of IL‐17–producing innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC3) in the peripheral blood of active TB patients, but not of QFT‐negative or QFT‐positive healthy volunteers. Thus, active TB patients have both adaptive and innate lymphocyte subsets that produce characteristic cytokine profiles in response to Mtb‐specific antigens or PAMPs. These profiles are not observed in uninfected individuals or in individuals with latent TB, suggesting that they are a response to active TB infection.
Predation and parasitism as determinants of animal personalities
Authors: Dubois Frédérique , Binning Sandra A.
Published: July 2022

Within the same population, proactive (i.e. bolder, more exploratory, active and aggressive) and reactive (i.e. more timid, less exploratory, less active and more passive) individuals could be hypothetically maintained due a trade‐off between foraging and vigilance behaviours, provided that both phenotypes differ in their state (e.g. metabolic rates, body condition or energetic needs).

Yet, recent findings indicate that among‐individual variation in intrinsic state can explain only a small proportion of variation in behaviour, meaning that other mechanisms, such as the presence of trophically transmitted parasites, might contribute to maintaining inter‐individual behavioural differences. Empirical evidence, indeed, suggests strong relationships between certain animal personality traits and parasitic load within host populations. However, the direction of causation between these traits remains unclear: are different behaviours in infected hosts in contrast to uninfected ones the result of manipulation by parasites to increase host predation, or are some personalities inherently more susceptible to infection than others?

To better understand the role of parasites in shaping behavioural differences within host populations and examine to what extent parasite manipulation and/or intrinsic differences in parasite susceptibility contribute to maintaining behavioural differences, we used a simulation approach and analysed the change in the frequencies of proactive and reactive individuals over time under different predation and starvation scenarios, when individual phenotype either affected a host's risk of infection or not.

We found that in the absence of parasites, predation pressure strongly affected the expression of host personality, but the trade‐off between foraging and vigilance behaviours alone could not explain the maintenance of inter‐individual behavioural differences without temporal variation in predation pressure. By contrast, in the presence of parasites, the two host phenotypes could coexist within populations even when individuals experienced no temporal variations in predation risk, but only when proactive and reactive hosts were equally susceptible to parasitism.

Our findings, thus, indicate that parasites can play an important role in maintaining genetic diversity in their host populations in addition to generating behavioural differences though manipulation.
Transgressions of innate moral codes – transgressions in service of the Self
Authors: Conforti Michael
Published: July 2022

Beginning with a discussion of transgressions against innate, archetypal moral codes, I also present those transgressions carried out in service of the Self. While both represent an affront to a universal moral code, the latter often furthers an individual's relationship to the Self. These themes are illustrated through the stories of Pontius Pilate, Jephthah, Il Padrino – the Godfather, then coupled with clinical vignettes.

An important theme throughout this paper concerns humanity's ongoing hunger to expiate guilt through the practices of scapegoating, sin‐eating and confession. While these practices promise redemption, each seriously fails through their reluctance to address the unconscious recognition and consequences of transgressions.
Orfeu da Conceição: the political dimension of the carnival chant
Authors: Palomo Victor
Published: July 2022

This paper explores the images related to Carnival in the texts of early Brazilian modernist writers, who wanted to minimize the feeling of inauthenticity due to the systematic emulation of European aesthetic matrices. This critique of Brazilian ‘nationalist’ complexes was manifested in cultural forms which were unlinked from academic approaches, but were instead expressed in the registers of the popular songbook – sung‐poems in which Carnival‐related images abounded. In the analysis of this set of poems, the paper outlines the emerging of a poetry of ‘masking’, raising the hypothesis that these poets had invented a tradition that aimed for a native originality, having the celebration of Carnival and its mythical variants as its literary motivation. During the 1930's, Carnival‐related images became rare in written poetry, establishing the sung poems as their permanent ground. With Orfeu da Conceição, in 1956, Vinicius de Moraes converged these two elements, dissolving the remaining boundaries that set them apart. This paper explores the images of Carnival and the mask, and attempts to unmask the characteristics of a form of Brazilian culture, including, in particular, its racism.
How to build a paranoid in the 21st century? Paranoid psychic policies in turbulent times
Authors: Quintaes Marcus
Published: July 2022

Paranoia is a clinical and cultural phenomenon of the 21st century. From a Jungian lens, paranoia is thought of in two fundamental ways: as a disorder of meaning rooted in the Self, and the insanity of literalism where metaphor is absent. Paranoia, in our current ‘civilization in transition’, takes the form of a ‘tyranny of unification or the curse of the One’ promulgated by waves of fear, panic, horror and exclusion towards everything that differs from the supposedly instituted order. As a single fundamentalist truth, paranoia takes root in the public field of politics where self‐exhibitionism feeds the delusional paranoid logic that degrades both the personal and collective fabrics. Jungian psychology offers an antidote to paranoia by cultivating and respecting democratic spaces both analytically and in the collective.
The analytic methods of Groddeck and Jung in light of the philosophy of nature
Authors: Balenci Marco
Published: July 2022

The philosophy of nature as Jung's background has been overlooked, despite its relevance for understanding the roots of analytical psychology. The German psychoanalyst Georg Groddeck shared such a background, so that a comparison is possible between his clinical view and Jung's. It is shown that natural philosophers Paracelsus, Johann von Goethe and Carl Gustav Carus had a major impact on Jung and Groddeck. Both of the latter followed Carus's theory of a creative, superindividual, and compensatory unconscious – continuing the Naturphilosophie tradition and rejecting reductionist biophysical medicine. Groddeck and Jung's holistic perspective led them to advocate natural healing, face‐to‐face dialectical analysis, and the uniqueness of each treatment. Thus, they were against using techniques, and instead established general methods for analytic therapy. Groddeck's thinking was closer to Jung's than to Freud's in both theory and practice. Therefore, two alternative strands should be considered within psychoanalysis: Freud's classical drive theory and Groddeck's underground two‐person psychology. Thereby, Jung's analytic descendants and the relational psychoanalysts who stemmed from Groddeck's ideas could be regarded as ‘cousins’ due to the similarities arising from their common origin in the philosophy of nature.
Volunteer community service providers during the COVID‐19 crisis response in China: What are their personal needs and how to respond?
Authors: Li Rui , Lu Yi
Published: July 2022

The needs of volunteer community service providers (VCSPs), who are the main responders to community crises, have received significantly less attention for the contributions they have been making during the COVID‐19 crisis. A mixed‐method research framework was used in this study, which involved semi‐structured interviews with 13 NGOs and questionnaire responses from 430 VCSPs in Hubei, China to assess the VCSPs' personal needs based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It was found that the VCSPs had safety, love, belonging, self‐esteem, and self‐actualization personal needs, all of which were closely related to family, partners, organizations, society and the government. The discussions revealed that the more experienced VCSPs needed special attention and family support was extremely significant for VCSPs in crisis. Several recommendations to meet VCSPs' personal needs are proposed that could have valuable reference value for emergency managers when organizing and supporting VCSPs in contingencies.
Examining associations between personal growth initiative and subjective trajectories of life satisfaction among survivors of ethnopolitical violence in Rwanda and Sri Lanka
Authors: Mousa Almatar Naouras , Jayawickreme Nuwan , Foote William G. , Demaske Alana , Jayawickreme Eranda
Published: July 2022

Does personal growth initiative (PGI)—the tendency to be proactive about one's personal development—impact adaptive beliefs about life quality among survivors of mass violence, such as ethnopolitical warfare or genocidal violence? One‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐three survivors of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and 179 Tamil individuals affected by the civil war in Sri Lanka completed assessments of PGI, satisfaction with one's past life, current life satisfaction, and anticipated future life satisfaction. High levels of PGI were associated with an adaptive inclining trajectory of life satisfaction (Past < Present < Future) in both samples. These results indicate that PGI is associated with adaptive beliefs about one's identity and well‐being among war‐affected populations, and supports future interventions targeting PGI among those communities.
Making space for solidarity: The transformative role of shame in challenging racialised hegemony
Authors: Wolf Otto , Brown Julia , Leddy‐Owen Charles , Martin Diana
Published: July 2022

Using an affective framework, this article explores the role of shame in stimulating non‐migrant citizen solidarity with asylum seekers and refugees across the UK. Combining research on shame with ongoing discussions of solidarity and influential work by Bourdieu, the productive potential of affect is discussed. This paper argues that shame is an affect capable of creating a ‘rupture’ in an individual or organisation's habitus. This rupture is evidenced as resulting in structural change in the organisations as they reckon with actions that fall into structures of racial domination. Findings from 15 research interviews with active individuals in migrant justice organisations are analysed in relation to shame and solidarity. Data is from a wider project, utilising participatory methods alongside in‐depth interviews looking to understand the work of organisations supporting asylum seekers, refugees and migrants. This paper develops the burgeoning theoretical field of affect within Geography and Sociology, arguing for shame as a useful affect in challenging implicit racial hierarchies in the process of creating transformative solidarity. Shame is an affect too often dismissed as unproductive and, as a result, its use within social movements has been significantly under‐researched. This paper argues against this representation of shame and instead explores its power in challenging hegemonic social relations. As an activist researcher, this theoretical development is part of a wider desire to interrogate the nuances of solidarity, to help myself and other activists to understand its importance and formation.
Can Global South perspectives lead to effective Global South solutions?
Authors: Saloojee Gillian , Mwesige Angelina Kakooza , Asige Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

This letter to the editor is on the Invited Review by Bannink Mbazzi and Kawesa on pages 1193–1201 of this issue.
Longitudinal functional assessment of atrial M‐mode in dextro‐ transposition of the great arteries fetus may help to predict the necessity for urgent neonatal Rashkind procedure
Authors: Respondek‐Liberska Maria , Sylwestrzak Oskar
Published: July 2022

Six fetal echocardiographic examinations were analyzed and presented with special emphasis on atrial M‐mode in one case of fetal isolated dextro‐ transposition of the great arteries. The only significant changes were seen based on analysis of the new index of foramen ovale (FO) flap movement. Emergency Rashkind procedure on the first day of postnatal life was predicted based on fetal atrial M‐mode.
The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on fetal right heart growth in late‐term pregnancy: A prospective study
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Liu Hongzhou , Hu Xiaona , Hu Xiaodong , Zhang Jiamei , Zhang Han , Wang Jincheng , Su Shan , Wang Yueheng , Lyu Zhaohui
Published: July 2022

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of pregnancy strongly associated with an increased risk of structural fetal abnormalities. As the fetal heart grows quickly during the late‐term pregnancy period, it is important to understand fetal heart growth before birth. This study explored how GDM affects fetal heart growth by evaluating basic echocardiography indicators during late pregnancy.

Methods

This prospective, longitudinal study included 63 GDM patients (GDM group) and 67 healthy pregnant women (control group). All subjects underwent fetal echocardiography scans at gestational weeks 28–32, 32–36, and 36–40. Twelve echocardiographic indicators were assessed at each observation and analyzed by using a mixed model.

Results

The left atrial diameter (LA) and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LV) similarly increased from the first to the third observation. The right ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (RV) was significantly different between the groups, and a group × time interaction was detected. The tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity (s') increased more rapidly in the GDM than the control group during the first to second observations, and the group × time interaction was significant. The increase in the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) of the GDM group was “slow‐fast”, while that of the control group was “fast‐slow”, during three observations. After adjusting covariates, the group difference and interaction effect of TAPSE and RV remained significant.

Conclusions

The differences in fetal right heart indicators between the GDM and control groups suggest that GDM may affect the structure and functional growth of the fetal right heart during late‐term pregnancy.
Spatial uncertainty in herbarium data: simulated displacement but not error distance alters estimates of phenological sensitivity to climate in a widespread California wildflower
Authors: Gamble Devin E. , Mazer Susan J.
Published: July 2022

Herbarium records provide a broad spatial and temporal range with which to investigate plant responses to environmental change. Research on plant phenology and its sensitivity to climate has advanced with the increasing availability of digitized herbarium specimens, but limitations of specimen‐derived data can undermine the inferences derived from such research. One issue that has received little attention is collection site uncertainty (i.e. error distance), a measure of confidence in the location from which a specimen was collected. We conducted comparative analyses of phenoclimatic models to determine whether spatial deviations of 2, 5, 15 or 25 km between recorded and simulated collection sites, as well as the error distance reported in digitized records, affect estimates of the phenological sensitivity of flowering time to annual temperature and precipitation in a widespread annual California wildflower. In this approach, we considered both spatial and interannual variation in climatic conditions. Simulated site displacements led to increasingly weak estimates of phenological sensitivity to temperature and precipitation anomalies with increasing distances. However, we found no significant effect of reported error distance magnitude on estimates of phenological sensitivity to climate normals or anomalies. These findings suggest that the spatial uncertainty of collection sites among specimens of widely collected plant species may not adversely affect estimates of phenological sensitivity to climate, even though real discrepancies and georeferencing inaccuracy can negatively impact such estimates. Collection site uncertainty merits further attention as a potential source of noise in herbarium data, especially for research on how plant traits respond to spatial and interannual climatic variation.
A critical analysis of Lin et al.'s (2021) failure to observe forward entrainment in pitch discrimination
Authors: Saberi Kourosh , Hickok Gregory
Published: July 2022

Forward entrainment refers to that part of the entrainment process that outlasts the entraining stimulus. Several studies have demonstrated psychophysical forward entrainment in a pitch‐discrimination task. In a recent paper, Lin et al. (2021) challenged these findings by demonstrating that a sequence of 4 entraining pure tones does not affect the ability to determine whether a frequency modulated pulse, presented after termination of the entraining sequence, has swept up or down in frequency. They concluded that rhythmic sequences do not facilitate pitch discrimination. Here, we describe several methodological and stimulus design flaws in Lin et al.'s study that may explain their failure to observe forward entrainment in pitch discrimination.
Molecular epidemiology of the citrus bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. citri from the Arabian Peninsula reveals a complex structure of specialist and generalist strains
Authors: Pruvost Olivier , Ibrahim Yasser Eid , Sharafaddin Anwar Hamoud , Boyer Karine , Widyawan Arya , Al‐Saleh Mohammed Ali
Published: July 2022

Molecular epidemiology studies are essential to refine our understanding of migrations of phytopathogenic bacteria, the major determining factor in their emergence, and to understand the factors that shape their population structure. Microsatellite and minisatellite typing are useful techniques for deciphering the population structure of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker. This paper presents a molecular epidemiology study, which has improved our understanding of the history of the pathogen's introductions into the Arabian Peninsula, since it was first reported in the 1980s. An unexpectedly high genetic diversity of the pathogen was revealed. The four distinct genetic lineages within X. citri pv. citri, which have been reported throughout the world, were identified in the Arabian Peninsula, most likely as the result of multiple introductions. No copper‐resistant X. citri pv. citri strains were identified. The pathogen's population structure on Mexican lime (their shared host species) was closely examined in two countries, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. We highlighted the marked prevalence of specialist pathotype A* strains in both countries, which suggests that specialist strains of X. citri pv. citri may perform better than generalist strains when they occur concomitantly in this environment. Subclade 4.2 was the prevailing lineage identified. Several analyses (genetic structure deciphered by discriminant analysis of principal components, RST‐based genetic differentiation, geographic structure) congruently suggested the role of human activities in the pathogen's spread. We discuss the implications of these results on the management of Asiatic citrus canker in the region.
Hot spot stress and fatigue strength assessment of marine 5059 aluminum alloy reinforced structure considering welding effect
Authors: Xu Shuangxi , Lei Qiheng , Cao Junwei , Shen Wei
Published: July 2022

With the increasing demand for lightweight ships, marine alloy materials such as aluminum alloy and titanium alloy are widely used; 5059 aluminum alloy is considered as an ideal steel for hull structure because of its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The influence of welding residual stress and welding deformation must be considered in fatigue evaluation of thin‐plate welded structures. However, due to the more complex welding deformation and residual stress distribution of thin‐plate welded structures, the fatigue evaluation of thin‐plate welded structures is challenged. In this paper, a series of fatigue tests of actual reinforced T‐shaped welded joints are carried out, and the accurate welding deformation and residual stress are obtained by numerical simulation. Finally, taking welding deformation and residual stress as initial conditions, the hot spot stress S‐N curves of typical joints are modified by hot spot stress method.
Strong phylogenetic signals in global plant bioclimatic envelopes
Authors: Harris Claire , Brummitt Neil , Cobbold Christina A. , Reeve Richard
Published: July 2022

Aim

The environmental preferences of species are an important facet of their response to changing conditions, and these have long been thought to exhibit phylogenetic conservatism. However, these bioclimatic envelopes have not previously been imputed from climate records at the date and location of occurrence, and the strength of their phylogenetic signal has not been studied at a broad scale. Here, we combine records from global climate reconstructions with contemporaneous plant occurrences for all available terrestrial plant species and test for phylogenetic niche conservatism in plant climatic traits.

Location

Global.

Time period

1901–2018.

Major taxa studied

Terrestrial plants.

Methods

We used >100 million plant records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to produce distributions of bioclimatic envelopes for >200,000 species, using a range of climate variables. We matched species observations to historical climate reconstructions from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) and compared this with WorldClim climate averages. We tested for phylogenetic signal in a supertree of plants using Pagel's λ. Finally, to investigate how well bioclimatic envelopes could be inferred for poorly known and rare species, we performed cross‐validation by removing occurrence records for some common species to test how accurately their bioclimatic envelopes were estimated.

Results

We found extremely strong phylogenetic signals (λ > 0.9 in some cases) for climate variables from both climate datasets, including temperature, soil temperature, solar radiation and precipitation. We were also able to impute missing bioclimatic envelopes for artificially removed species, having a correlation with observed data of .7.

Main conclusions

We reconstructed plant climatic tolerances for >200,000 plant species historically recorded on GBIF using a technique that could be applied to any comparable biodiversity dataset. Although global information on most species is sparse, we explored methods for bias correction and data imputation, with positive results for both.
Thermal effects of plumage coloration
Authors: Rogalla Svana , Shawkey Matthew D. , D'Alba Liliana
Published: July 2022

Plumage coloration can have substantial effects on a bird's energy budget. This is because different colours reflect and absorb light differently, affecting the heat loads acquired from solar radiation. We examine the thermal effects of feather coloration on solar heat gain and flight performance and discuss the potential role of plumage colour on a bird's energy budget. Early investigations of the effects of plumage colour on thermoregulation revealed complex interactions between environmental conditions and physical properties of the plumage that may have led to diverse behavioural and physiological adaptations of birds to their thermal environment. While darker feather surfaces absorb more light, and heat more, than light‐coloured surfaces under exposure to the sun, this relationship is not always straightforward when considering heat transfer to the skin. Heat transfer through plumage varies depending on multiple factors, such as feather density and transmission of light. For instance, higher transmissivity of light‐coloured plumage can increase heat loads reaching skin level, while conduction and convection transfer heat from the surface of dark feathers to the skin. Solar heating can affect the metabolic costs of maintaining a constant body temperature, and depending on environmental conditions, colours can have either a positive or negative effect on a bird's energy budget. More specifically, solar heating can be advantageous in the cold but may increase the energetic costs associated with thermoregulation when ambient temperature is high. More recent studies have further suggested that the thermal properties of feather coloration might reduce the energetic costs of flight. This is because surface heating can affect the ratio between lift and drag on a wing. As concluding remarks, we provide future directions for new lines of research that will aid in improving our understanding of the thermal effects of feather coloration on a bird's energy budget, which can potentially explain factors driving colour evolution and distribution patterns in birds.
The positive gain spiral of job resources, work engagement, opportunity and motivation on training transfer
Authors: Salamon Janos , Blume Brian D. , Tóth‐Király István , Nagy Tamás , Orosz Gábor
Published: July 2022

According to previous studies, general environmental characteristics and job‐related factors influence employees' transfer of learned skills to the job. However, among job‐related variables, the role of work engagement in connection with transfer motivation, opportunity and training transfer has not received much research attention. Building upon the theoretical background of the Job Demands‐Resources Model, the present study investigated the relationship between job resources/demands and training transfer through work engagement, transfer motivation and opportunity to transfer. Based on data from 311 working adults who participated in soft skill training programmes, job resources were associated with higher levels of training transfer through increased work engagement, motivation and opportunity to transfer. In contrast, job demands had negative relationships with transfer via work engagement and opportunity to transfer. The findings supported the assumption of the positive gain spiral in the transfer context. We conclude that companies should prioritize the development of job resources to provide a better environment for training transfer.
Domestic violence: A cross‐sectional study among pregnant and postpartum women
Authors: Sánchez Odette del Risco , Tanaka Zambrano Erika , Dantas‐Silva Amanda , Bonás Mariana Kerche , Grieger Isabella , Machado Helymar Costa , Surita Fernanda Garanhani
Published: July 2022

Aim

To assess the prevalence of domestic violence/intimate partner violence, aggressors, types of violence and associated factors in women who attend an antenatal and postnatal care service in a public hospital in Brazil.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

We interviewed women attending antenatal and postpartum care services in a Brazilian public tertiary woman's hospital in Campinas, São Paulo, between July 2019 and September 2021. Data were collected through interviewer‐administered questionnaires previously used in healthcare settings: Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS); Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST); Hurt, Insulted, Threatened with Harm and Screamed (HITS). We evaluated the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of women and domestic/intimate violence using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results

Of the 600 pregnant and postpartum women interviewed, 138 (23%) had suffered any abuse. Some participants disclosed physical violence during pregnancy (2.3%) and during the last 12 months (5.3%). The partner was identified as the main aggressor in most of the cases (60%). When women had a partner, 3.5% reported domestic violence and 6.7% disclosed intimate partner violence during pregnancy or postpartum period. Women with non‐white skin colour (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.01–2.34; p = .048), gestational age ≤ 13 weeks (OR = 3.41; 95% CI 1.03–11.25; p = .044) and in postpartum period (OR = 2.81; 95% CI 1.32–5.99; p = .008) were more likely to experience domestic violence at some time in their lives. Women interviewed before the COVID‐19 pandemic were more likely to disclose that they had suffered any abuse.

Conclusion

Experience of violence during pregnancy and postpartum period was more frequent in women with non‐white skin colour, in their first gestational trimester and in the postpartum period, and was more reported before the COVID‐19 pandemic. Antenatal and postpartum care services could be safe places to support violence survivors.

Impact

Pregnant and postpartum women are a vulnerable group to experiencing domestic violence/intimate partner violence. Violence can negatively affect women's and children's health and well‐being. Antenatal and postpartum care should be considered as a moment to routinely inquiry women about past and current violence experiences. Regular contact among healthcare professionals and women during this period offers a window of opportunities for implementing psychosocial interventions among women at risk of violence. Healthcare providers (i.e., physicians, psychologists, social workers, nurses and midwives) have an important role in identifying survivors, offering support and providing quality information to women.
MgIG exerts therapeutic effects on crizotinib‐induced hepatotoxicity by limiting ROS‐mediated autophagy and pyroptosis
Authors: Li Min , Wang Chenxiang , Yu Zheng , Lan Qin , Xu Shaolin , Ye Zhongjiang , Li Rongqi , Ying Lili , Zhang Xiuhua , Zhou Ziye
Published: July 2022

Crizotinib (CRIZO) has been widely employed to treat non‐small‐cell lung cancer. However, hepatic inflammatory injury is the major toxicity of CRIZO, which limits its clinical application, and the underlying mechanism of CRIZO‐induced hepatotoxicity has not been fully explored. Herein, we used cell counting kit‐8 assay and flow cytometry to detect CRIZO‐induced cytotoxicity on human hepatocytes (HL‐7702). CRIZO significantly reduced the survival rate of hepatocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit showed that CRIZO treatment strongly increased the level of ROS. In addition, CRIZO treatment caused the appearance of balloon‐like bubbles and autophagosomes in HL‐7702 cells. Subsequently, Western blotting, quantitative real‐time PCR and ELISA assays revealed that ROS‐mediated pyroptosis and autophagy contributed to CRIZO‐induced hepatic injury. Based on the role of ROS in CRIZO‐induced hepatotoxicity, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) was used as an intervention drug. MgIG activated the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway and reduced ROS level. Additionally, MgIG suppressed hepatic inflammation by inhibiting NF‐κB activity, thereby reducing CRIZO‐induced hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, CRIZO promoted autophagy activation and pyroptosis via the accumulation of ROS in HL‐7702 cells. MgIG exerts therapeutic effects on CRIZO‐induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the level of ROS.
A review of nevus‐associated melanoma: What is the evidence?
Authors: Dessinioti C. , Geller A. C. , Stratigos A. J.
Published: July 2022

Cutaneous melanoma may have an adjacent nevus remnant on histological examination in 30% of cases (nevus‐associated melanoma, NAM), while it may appear de novo, without a precursor lesion, in the remaining 70% of cases. Nevus‐associated melanoma and the concept of acquired melanocytic nevi serving as precursors of melanoma has long been considered as a controversial topic. This controversy is, in part, due to their overall low rate of transformation to melanoma and scarce data on the natural history of progression. Another matter of debate regarded the possibility that the reported differences in NAM vs. de novo melanoma were due to an underestimation of NAM in thicker lesions due to obliteration of the nevus component by the tumour. During the last few years, several evidence has accumulated in order to address these controversies. In this review, we present a comprehensive synthesis of the epidemiological, clinical, dermoscopic and genetic findings in NAM, including thin NAM, compared to de novo melanoma. Answering the questions on nevus‐associated melanoma may provide further insight into the classification of these tumours and disentangle their biology and route of development from that of de novo melanoma.
Fatigue resistance and fracture strength of narrow‐diameter one‐piece zirconia implants with angled abutments
Authors: Atalay Pelin , Öztaş Doğan Derya
Published: July 2022

Objective

Zirconia implants are assumed to satisfy the esthetic requirements that titanium implants cannot meet, however, there are not enough studies in the literature about narrow‐diameter and angled zirconia implants that can be preferred especially in the anterior region. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the fatigue resistance and fracture strength of narrow‐diameter zirconia implants with angled abutments.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐eight one‐piece experimental zirconia implants and monolithic zirconia crowns were produced from 3‐YTZP blanks. The implant diameters (3.0 or 3.7 mm) and the restoration types were determined according to three intraoral regions (upper central incisors, lower central incisors, and upper canine), and abutments were designed as straight or 15° angled. The samples were subjected to chewing simulation corresponding to 5 years of clinical performance and then the static loading test. The survival rates of groups were measured by the Kaplan–Meier log‐rank test, and the fracture load values were estimated by using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (p < 0.05).

Results

All 3.0 mm diameter implants failed the fatigue test. The fatigue resistance of the implants with angled abutments was significantly lower than the straight abutments, and different crown designs were found to affect survival rates significantly. The fracture strengths of the surviving groups were above the maximum physiological chewing forces, and the differences were not significant.

Conclusions

The implant diameter, abutment angle, and restoration type have a significant effect on the fatigue behavior of zirconia implants.

Clinical Significance

The fracture strengths of the one‐piece zirconia implants with a 3.7 mm diameter and a 15° abutment angle are above the chewing forces for the anterior intraoral region.