bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of pan trap diameter on sampled bee communities and bycatch weight
Authors: Krahner André , Dietzsch Anke C. , Klaus Felix
Published: February 2025

Although pan traps are an established method for sampling bees across a wide range of habitats and geographical regions, uncertainty persists as to how pan-trap characteristics influence sampling results. We investigated the effect of pan-trap diameter (23 cm versus 12 cm), interacting with trap colour, on sampled bee communities and bycatch in wildflower strips within agricultural landscapes in Germany, using fluorescent blue, white and yellow pan traps. Based on 1147 collected bee individuals identified on a species level (69 species), we observed interacting effects of pan trap colour and size on the number of sampled bee individuals and species. Large pan traps collected significantly more bee individuals (white and yellow pan traps) and species (all colours) than small pan traps. Large pan traps also collected significantly more bycatch biomass than small pan traps, irrespectively of pan trap colour. The estimated number of sampled species based on the same number of sampled individuals (individual-based rarefaction) was higher for larger pan traps than for smaller pan traps at all sampling sites. Implications for insect conservation: using larger pan traps for sampling bees increases trap efficacy (absolute numbers of sampled individuals and species) and efficiency (sampled species per sampled individuals), but larger traps also capture more bycatch biomass. Particularly in long-term monitoring schemes, we encourage a limitation of this potential impact on the non-target insect fauna by employing methodological refinements. The option to use more small traps per site versus fewer large traps remains to be explored.
Berndt-type integrals: unveiling connections with Barnes zeta and Jacobi elliptic functions
Authors: Bradshaw Zachary P. , Vignat Christophe
Published: February 2025

We address a class of definite integrals known as Berndt-type integrals, highlighting their role as specialized instances within the integral representation framework of the Barnes-zeta function. Building upon the foundational insights of Xu and Zhao, who adeptly evaluate these integrals using rational linear combinations of Lambert-type series and derive closed-form expressions involving products of

$$\Gamma ^4(1/4)$$

Γ
4

(
1
/
4
)

and

$$\pi ^{-1}$$

π

-
1

, we uncover direct evaluations of the Barnes-zeta function. Moreover, our inquiry leads us to establish connections between Berndt-type integrals and Jacobi elliptic functions, as well as moment polynomials investigated by Lomont and Brillhart, a relationship elucidated through the seminal contributions of Kuznetsov. In this manner, we extend and integrate these diverse mathematical threads, unveiling deeper insights into the intrinsic connections and broader implications of Berndt-type integrals in special function and integration theory.
Unraveling the link between frailty and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Buscarnera Simona , Canevelli Marco , Bruno Giuseppe , Garibotto Valentina , Frisoni Giovanni Battista , Ribaldi Federica
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be identified through biomarkers of amyloid (A) and tau (T) pathology. Frailty, a measure of biological aging, could impact the association between AD neuropathology and its clinical manifestation. We aimed to investigate the relationship between frailty and AD biomarkers among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) attending a university memory clinic. Data were collected from a cohort of patients with MCI at the Memory Center of Geneva University Hospital (Switzerland). Frailty was assessed using a 35-item Frailty Index (FI). A and T positivity were determined through amyloid and tau PET or CSF analysis. Participants were divided into two subgroups: (i) A + T + (both amyloid and tau positive) and (ii) E/N (either A + or T + , neither A + nor T +), including all other combinations of A/T status. We first explored the correlation between FI, age, and education. Demographics, FI scores, and neuropsychological test results were then compared between these two groups. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and education were used to examine the association between FI and AT positivity. One hundred twenty patients were included. FI was positively correlated with age and inversely with education. A + T + patients exhibited lower FI scores compared to E/N participants (0.13 ± 0.10 vs. 0.15 ± 0.08, p = 0.01). Logistic regressions found a negative association between FI and A + T + (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.32–0.90; p = 0.02). Frailty is associated with a lower likelihood of AD biomarker positivity in patients with MCI. Frailty might reflect alternative pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cognitive impairment.
Reactivity to confidence ratings: evidence of impaired rule-learning
Authors: Double Kit S. , Goldwater Micah B. , Birney Damian P.
Published: February 2025

Recent evidence has shown that eliciting confidence ratings can affect cognitive performance– a so-called reactivity effect. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for reactivity, but currently there is only indirect evidence about why confidence ratings are reactive. Here, we explore the strategic changes in cognitive processes that occur in response to confidence ratings. Using a category learning paradigm that distinguishes between memorization and rule learning, in a large-sample (N = 710) pre-registered study, we show that eliciting confidence ratings caused a reduction in rule-based learning, even when compared to participants who made judgments of learning that asked them to reflect on their learning during the task as a whole. We argue that confidence ratings promote changes in the strategies participants adopt, driven by a more conservative approach that prioritizes performance over mastery and ultimately hinders rule-based learning and knowledge transfer.
Towards Highly Dense Yb-Silicate Microstructures Deposited by Air Plasma Spray for Environmental Barrier Coating Applications II: Plasma Gas Composition, Feedstock, and Anode Orifice Comparisons
Authors: Gildersleeve Edward J. , Bakan Emine , Vaßen Robert
Published: February 2025

In all air plasma sprayed (APS) environmental barrier coating (EBC) applications, the predominant goal is to achieve maximum coating density, gas tightness, and/or hermeticity prior to subjecting it to harsh environments (i.e., high-temperature impingement of high-velocity water vapor). The microstructures of APS coatings are historically understood to be influenced by the input processing parameters. Beyond the local deposition rate (surface speed, feeding rate) explored in Part I, there are further extrinsic processing parameters such as plasma gas composition, feedstock choice, and anode orifice dimensions which can be tuned, but have not been fully explored in the context of EBCs. Screening these ancillary extrinsic inputs in a rigorous and systematic way presents challenges in determining which control variable(s) to select to gain meaningful insights. A constant particle temperature distribution (not average particle temperature) in the spray stream was held as a constraint, and the aforementioned extrinsic parameters were varied. As in Part I, a qualitative microstructural approach toward examining the presence (or absence) of advantageous vertical thin microcracks in the as-deposited coating was taken. For certain conditions, a Dense Vertically Macrocracked structure was achieved. Concurrent synthesis of these results offers further insights into process selection and parameter design can be gained.
AI Ethics beyond Principles: Strengthening the Life-world Perspective
Authors: Heuser Stefan , Steil Jochen , Salloch Sabine
Published: February 2025

The search for ethical guidance in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, especially in healthcare and decision support, remains a crucial effort. So far, principles usually serve as the main reference points to achieve ethically correct implementations. Based on reviewing classical criticism of principle-based ethics and taking into account the severity and potentially life-changing relevance of decisions assisted by AI-driven systems, we argue for strengthening a complementary perspective that focuses on the life-world as ensembles of practices which shape people’s lives. This perspective focuses on the notion of ethical judgment sensitive to life forms, arguing that principles alone do not guarantee ethicality in a moral world that is rather a joint construction of reality than a matter of mere control. We conclude that it is essential to support and supplement the implementation of moral principles in the development of AI systems for decision-making in healthcare by recognizing the normative relevance of life forms and practices in ethical judgment.
Numerical simulation on fracturing fluid flowback from post-fracturing shale gas wells and influencing factors
Authors: Tang Dengji , Wu Jianfa , Zhao Jinzhou , Zeng Bo , Song Yi , Shen Cheng , Ren Lan , Wang Yiting , Wang Zhenhua
Published: February 2025

Fracture network fracturing is a key technology to achieve economic and effective development of shale gas. The flowback data after hydraulic fracturing is crucial to the characterization of hydraulic fracture networks and reservoir evaluation. Based on the flowback characteristics of shale gas fracturing fluid, combined with the crossflow equation and the flow material balance equation, a tree-shaped fractal fracture network two-phase flowback model is established in this paper suitable for inverting the effective fracture network volume of shale gas, which is used to calculate the effective fracture network volume and conduct sensitivity analysis of the main flowback parameters. The reliability of the model is verified by the actual flowback data of field fracturing wells. The research shows that the larger the initial fracture width of the tree-shaped fractal fracture network, the larger the peak value of the water, the larger the double peak value of the gas production curve, and the higher the flowback rate; the larger the ratio of fracture order to fracture length, the lower the flowback rate; the larger the ratio of fracture width to fracture height, the higher the flowback rate. By optimizing the fracture network structure, the flowback rate and test production of shale gas wells with fracture network fracturing can be improved. The flowback law of shale gas can be studied effectively by the tree-shaped fractal fracture network two-phase flowback model. And it has important value for the optimization design of shale gas fracturing.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Training: An Exploration of Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions
Authors: Alsabri Mohamed , Oboli Victor N. , Onyejesi Chibuike Daniel , Aziz Mayam Mohamed , Okaruefe Cynthia Oghenekome , Ram Muskaan Doulat , Abdelbar Sohaila Mohamed , Waseem Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Background

Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) fellowship programs are crucial for training physicians to handle the unique challenges of pediatric emergencies. Despite their importance, these programs face significant obstacles that can hinder the training process and the preparedness of fellows for independent practice.

Purpose of review

To identify the barriers faced by PEM fellows during their training and to propose potential solutions that can enhance their educational experience and clinical competence.

Methods

A comprehensive narrative review of existing literature was conducted to explore the challenges in PEM fellowship training. The literature search included articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and official organizational websites such as the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Key areas of focus included disparities in procedural exposure, administrative burdens, limited high-acuity case encounters, overreliance on consultations, medicolegal concerns, burnout, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Proposed solutions were derived from evidence-based practices and successful interventions implemented in various institutions.

Recent findings

The narrative review revealed several critical challenges, including insufficient exposure to high-acuity cases, disparities in procedural training, the impact of administrative demands, and the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent advancements such as simulation-based training, competency-driven curricula, and wellness initiatives have shown promise in mitigating these barriers.

The review identified several challenges that negatively impact PEM fellowship training. Fellows often experience insufficient procedural opportunities, excessive administrative tasks, and limited autonomy in clinical decision-making. These factors contribute to decreased confidence, skill gaps, and increased burnout. Proposed solutions include enhanced simulation training, curriculum reform, administrative support, promotion of fellow autonomy, legal education, wellness programs, integration of technology and innovation, and adaptation to external challenges such as pandemics.

Conclusion

Addressing the challenges in PEM fellowship training requires a comprehensive approach that incorporates educational, administrative, technological, and wellness strategies. Implementing these solutions can improve the training experience, ensure procedural competence, and promote the overall well-being of fellows, ultimately leading to better patient care outcomes.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae disease symptom development in young avocado (Persea americana L.) plants depends on the inoculation method
Authors: Rodríguez-Gálvez Edgar , Haro-Diaz Cesar , Maza-Aguirre Samir , Canahuire-Castillo Fátima , Sullón-Saucedo Julio , Deising Holger B.
Published: February 2025

Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a pathogenic fungus of more than 500 plant species, including avocado (Persea americana Mill.). The global production volume of avocado exceeded 911,000 metric tons in 2023. Although detailed quantitative surveys of yield losses caused by L. theobromae are not available for most avocado-producing regions, estimates indicate that this pathogen is associated with stem-end rot disease in 30-35% of plots located in the Department of Antioquia in Colombia (Ramírez-Gil et al. Heliyon 7: e05905, 2021), suggesting an enormous economic impact. As yield losses strongly depend on the virulence of isolates, a reliable method for determining their aggressiveness is indispensable for initiating disease control measures. In this study, we compared progression of external and internal necrosis caused by the aggressive L. theobromae isolate LA-VLCA3 inoculated into wounded middle parts of the stem and onto excised apices. Irrespective of the inoculation method, internal progression of necrosis preceded that of external necrosis. Spreading of external and internal necrosis was significantly more severe in plants inoculated at the apex than in mid-stem inoculated plants. We conclude that apex inoculation causes stronger symptoms and is therefore better suited to compare virulence of isolates than mid-stem inoculation.
Italian firms’ trading behavior in the European carbon market
Authors: Nardone Claudia , Pittiglio Rosanna , Reganati Filippo
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the trading behavior of firms regulated by the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS). Focusing on the first three periods of the EU ETS (2005–2021), our study specifically analyses the factors influencing ETS firms’ decisions to participate in the emission allowances market and the intensity of their trading activities. To conduct this research, we employ a panel double-hurdle model and leverage data from the Italian section of the European Transaction Log, in conjunction with ORBIS Bureau Van Dijk data. Our findings indicate that transaction costs, such as information and search costs, and net position are the primary determinants shaping the trading behavior of Italian firms throughout all phases of the EU ETS. These results hold true even when considering buyers and sellers separately, as well as interfirm and intrafirm trades. In contrast, the ability to reduce emissions decreases the probability of market participation and trade intensity only for purchasing ETS firms, and it reduces both the probability and intensity of trade only for internal exchanges. Energy-producing firms engage more in buying allowances, while carbon leakage sectors firms are more likely to sell excess allowances. Furthermore, belonging to these sectors appears to have no significant effect on intrafirm trade. These findings suggest that policy interventions such as reducing information and search costs, enhancing market transparency, and introducing price management mechanisms could improve market efficiency and the overall effectiveness of the EU ETS.
A State-Level Examination into Structural Racism and Racialized Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Evans Megan , Newmyer Lauren
Published: February 2025

The population health literature recognizes structural racism as a fundamental determinant of racialized health disparities. However, the role of structural racism in the continued persistence of racialized disparities in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has not been investigated despite Black Americans’ disproportionate experience of STIs in comparison to White Americans. Past research has largely investigated individual racial/ethnic identity as an individual-level factor predictive of STIs, failing to engage with the multitude of racially structured contexts which likely shape STI rates. This study combines multiple datasets, including data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Community Survey, and the Current Population Survey, to conduct a state-level analysis investigating the role of structural racism in contributing to Black–White racialized disparities in STIs between 2010 and 2020. Random effects spatial autoregressive models suggest that structural racism contributes to Black–White racialized disparities in STIs. This research contributes to literatures on structural racism and population health by better understanding how racialized state-level institutions shape the contraction of infections. The results have important implications for understanding states as institutional actors relevant for patterns of population health and the geography of racism.
The Poisoning of the Rule of Law
Authors: Coyle Sean
Published: February 2025

Discussions of Nazi law tend to centre upon Fuller’s desiderata of the rule of law. Whilst not disputing this connection, this essay argues that tyranny and oppression are marked by the (ab)use of law to invade the domain proper to individual moral thinking, and to transform citizens into models of conformity to whatever values the tyrant cherishes. Its main consideration is how a community can recover from periods of tyranny, and how the law can recover its dignity having shown itself capable of evil uses. So, it is focused more on ‘substantive’ rather than ‘procedural’ morality.
Hydrogen reaction rate modeling based on convolutional neural network for large eddy simulation
Authors: Malé Quentin , Lapeyre Corentin J. , Noiray Nicolas
Published: February 2025

This article establishes a data-driven modeling framework for lean hydrogen (

$ {\mathrm{H}}_2 $

)-air reaction rates for the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of turbulent reactive flows. This is particularly challenging since

$ {\mathrm{H}}_2 $

molecules diffuse much faster than heat, leading to large variations in burning rates, thermodiffusive instabilities at the subfilter scale, and complex turbulence-chemistry interactions. Our data-driven approach leverages a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), trained to approximate filtered burning rates from emulated LES data. First, five different lean premixed turbulent

$ {\mathrm{H}}_2 $

-air flame Direct Numerical Simulations (DNSs) are computed each with a unique global equivalence ratio. Second, DNS snapshots are filtered and downsampled to emulate LES data. Third, a CNN is trained to approximate the filtered burning rates as a function of LES scalar quantities: progress variable, local equivalence ratio, and flame thickening due to filtering. Finally, the performances of the CNN model are assessed on test solutions never seen during training. The model retrieves burning rates with very high accuracy. It is also tested on two filter and downsampling parameters and two global equivalence ratios between those used during training. For these interpolation cases, the model approximates burning rates with low error even though the cases were not included in the training dataset. This a priori study shows that the proposed data-driven machine learning framework is able to address the challenge of modeling lean premixed

$ {\mathrm{H}}_2 $

-air burning rates. It paves the way for a new modeling paradigm for the simulation of carbon-free hydrogen combustion systems.
Building occupancy type classification and uncertainty estimation using machine learning and open data
Authors: Narock Tom , Johnson J. Michael , Singh-Mohudpur Justin , Modaresi Rad Arash
Published: February 2025

Federal and local agencies have identified a need to create building databases to help ensure that critical infrastructure and residential buildings are accounted for in disaster preparedness and to aid the decision-making processes in subsequent recovery efforts. To respond effectively, we need to understand the built environment—where people live, work, and the critical infrastructure they rely on. Yet, a major discrepancy exists in the way data about buildings are collected across the United SStates There is no harmonization in what data are recorded by city, county, or state governments, let alone at the national scale. We demonstrate how existing open-source datasets can be spatially integrated and subsequently used as training for machine learning (ML) models to predict building occupancy type, a major component needed for disaster preparedness and decision -making. Multiple ML algorithms are compared. We address strategies to handle significant class imbalance and introduce Bayesian neural networks to handle prediction uncertainty. The 100-year flood in North Carolina is provided as a practical application in disaster preparedness.
Thermal convection in the internally heated sphere
Authors: Sternberg Tobias , Marti Philippe , Jackson Andrew
Published: February 2025

We present the first nonlinear results on the problem of non-rotating thermal convection in an internally heated full sphere. A nonlinear stability analysis by the energy method yields that, at least for no-slip boundary conditions, the critical Rayleigh numbers for linear stability and nonlinear stability coincide. We then explore different ranges of the parameter regime using direct numerical simulations. We first report on the system behaviour for a fixed Prandtl number of unity and both stress-free and no-slip boundary conditions up to very high forcing, reaching Rayleigh number

$Ra=2\times 10^{12}$

, approximately 250 million times the critical value (

$Ra_c$

) for the onset of convection under no-slip conditions. For both boundary conditions, we observe a scaling for the advective heat transfer measured by the Nusselt number

$Nu$

close to

$Nu \sim Ra^{1/4}$

. This is consistent with a scaling prediction that we formulate analogously to the classical scaling in Rayleigh–Bénard convection. We then investigate the Prandtl number dependence at low to intermediate forcing for stress-free boundary conditions in the ranges

$0.1 \leq Pr \leq 30$

and

$Ra_c=3091\leq Ra \leq 3\times 10^5 \approx 100Ra_c$

. We find five distinct dynamical regimes depending on the Prandtl number, describe each regime individually and issue heuristic interpretations of the system behaviour where possible.
The Early Ordovician bathyurid trilobites Licnocephala and Ibexocephala
Authors: Adrain Jonathan M.
Published: February 2025

Revision of the type species of the Early Ordovician (Tulean, late Tremadocian) bathyurid trilobite Licnocephala Ross, 1951 demonstrates that it has significantly different morphology than that ascribed to it in the earlier literature, which was based largely on species now assigned to a different genus. In addition to the type species, L. bicornuta Ross, 1951, which is fully revised on the basis of new material, four species, all apparently new, have been recovered, two of which, L. ngi n. sp. and L. bradleyi n. sp., are well enough known to formally name. The overall phylogenetic structure of bathyurids is yet to be determined, but several apparent clades can now be recognized and are discussed. Among these is what is termed the “Chapmanopyge group,” including Chapmanopyge Fortey and Bruton, 2013, Punka Fortey, 1979, Uromystrum Whittington, 1953, and Licnocephala. These genera are united in the occurrence of much of the anterior cephalic border on the librigenal anterior projection, with most of the anterior margin of the cranidium representing the suture, the possession of very short (exsag.) strap-like posterior cranidial projections, and extremely narrow visual surfaces. A fifth genus of the group, Ibexocephala n. gen., is represented by two new species, I. lossoae (type species) and I. dekosterae. The taxon features a remarkable cranidial morphology involving a strong deflection of the posteriormost part of the cranidium from the anterior part in sagittal profile.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/ab9a8796-84c7-48b1-b0e5-84a22511a6b4
Was Sor Juana a Sphinx? Monstrosity and the Poetics of Dedication in Her Transoceanic Enigmas
Authors: Sierra Matute Víctor
Published: February 2025

This article explores Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz’s (1648–1695) strategic poetic approach, aimed at democratizing writing and knowledge among women during her period. It examines her engagement with the literary academy, Casa del Placer, believed to have included nuns from Portuguese convents and women of the nobility. Specifically, the study analyzes Sor Juana’s final poetic work, the Enigmas ofrecidos a la Casa del Placer (1695), comprising twenty unanswerable poetic enigmas. In this collection, Sor Juana departs from individual lyric expression, a shift I call a “poetics of dedication,” advocating for a communal cultural identity centered on her persona’s fame. Through this gesture, Sor Juana appropriates and challenges patriarchal narratives that labeled her as a “monster” due to her perceived exceptionalism. My article shows how, toward the end of her life, Sor Juana embraces and subverts discussions about her exceptional status and transatlantic identity, fostering a sense of transoceanic sorority among women writers of the colonial period.
The Revolution Must Be Published: Toward a Radically Inclusive Publishing Ecology
Authors: Fisher-Livne Daniel , Burton Kath , Cocks Catherine
Published: February 2025

The humanities cannot go public without publishing. In this contribution to the Manifesto issue of Public Humanities, Daniel Fisher-Livne, Kath Burton, and Catherine Cocks highlight the radically inclusive publishing practices necessary to support the Public Humanities ecosystem. The authors explain how Publishing and the Publicly Engaged Humanities Working Group activities have prepared the ground for future growth, directing attention to the inherently collaborative, multimodal and values-based publishing practices of engaged scholars. This paper builds on the central thesis of the Working Group, calling for the implementation of a radically inclusive ecology of publishing practices that embody and nurture the unique facets, connections and aims of publicly engaged publications.
Can Schistosoma japonicum infection cause liver cancer?
Authors: Jain S.
Published: February 2025

A co-relation between Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) and liver cancer (LC) in humans has been reported in the literature; however, this association is circumstantial. Due to the inconclusive nature of this association, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has placed Sj in Group 2B for LC, signifying it to be a ‘possible carcinogen’. Many epidemiological, pathological and clinical studies have identified multiple factors, linked with Sj infection, which can lead to liver carcinogenesis. These factors include chronic inflammation in response to deposited eggs (which leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis and chromosomal instability at cellular level), hepatotoxic effects of egg-antigens, co-infection with hepatitis viruses, and up-regulation of glycolysis linked genes among others which predisposes hepatic tissue towards malignant transformation. The objective of this work is to present the current understanding on the association of Sj infection with LC. Mechanisms and factors linked with Sj infection that can lead to LC are emphasized, along with measures to diagnose and treat it. A comparison of liver carcinogenesis is also provided for cases linked with and independent of Sj infection. It appears that Sj, alone or with another carcinogen, is an important factor in liver carcinogenesis, but further studies are warranted to conclusively label ‘infection with Sj alone’ as a liver carcinogen.
Synthetic camphor derivative (E)-2-((1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylidene)amino)phenol: A novel anthelmintic drug candidate for visceral toxocariasis
Authors: Rodrigues D.C. , de Oliveira da Cunha C.N. , Faria A.M. , Panassolo V.P. , Martins L.H.R. , de Souza M.V.N. , de Souza M.C.F.D. , Munhoz L.S. , da Costa de Avila L.F. , Ramos D.F. , Scaini C.J.
Published: February 2025

Human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic disease with a global distribution, treated with current anthelmintics that have low to moderate efficacy, and requires the discovery of novel drugs. Camphor derivatives have antimicrobial properties against various pathogens such as fungi and bacteria. This study aimed to identify a camphor derivative with activity against Toxocara canis larvae and evaluate its cytotoxicity, in silico bioavailability, and in vivo activity in Swiss mice infected with this parasite. Three compounds were tested in vitro in duplicate at a concentration of 1.0 to 0.05 mg/mL in a microplate containing 100 T. canis larvae in RPMI-1640 medium incubated for 48 h at 37°C and 5% CO2. The compound (E)-2-((1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ylidene)amino)phenol (C2) presented a minimum larvicidal concentration (MLC) of 0.25 mg/mL and was selected for the subsequent steps. This compound showed 100% cell viability in MLC and adequate bioavailability in computational models. Two subsequent in vivo tests were performed on Swiss mice inoculated with 500 T. canis infective eggs through intragastric (IG) intubation, one at 10 days post-inoculation (n=5) and the other at 30 days post-inoculation (n=10). The selected compound (10 mg/kg, via IG) and two controls (albendazole, 40 mg/kg, IG and phosphate buffered saline 0,15M, pH 7,2, via IG) were used for this evaluation. The compound reduced the intensity of infection by 75.7% and 54.8% at 10 and 30 days post inoculation, respectively (p<0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that this compound has potential as an anthelmintic candidate for visceral toxocariasis treatment.
New origins to vowel tensing in Tangut: internal and comparative evidence
Authors: Zhang Shuya , Lai Yunfan
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes new origins for tense vowels in Tangut by integrating textual analysis of Tangut texts with comparative data from both Gyalrongic and other Sino-Tibetan languages. It uncovers two previously unreported sources of vowel tensing in compounding: the collective prefix (*S-) and the compound linker (*-S-). Both morphemes left only a few traces, indicating their antiquity and productivity in earlier stages. The collective *S- could be an inherited morpheme which finds parallels in Tibetan, whereas the compound linker *-S- emerged as a stage of morphological merging in West Gyalrongic with (an) obscure origin(s). These findings not only advance our understanding of the origins of Tangut tense vowels but also offer insights into Sino-Tibetan nominal morphology.
A large compact, 2-D expandable RFID reader antenna for near-field applications
Authors: Niu Yaohui , Li Xiuping , Zhao Wenyu , Qi Zihang
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a large, compact array antenna that can be expanded in the 2-D plane is proposed for near-field radio frequency identification applications. By the introduction of the fractal structure and corner joint method, the array is easy to expand in the 2-D plane. An antenna element can be divided into a dozen or so loops, and traveling wave distribution makes sure that every loop is excited in a time period. So that a strong and uniform magnetic field could be generated in a large area. As a proof of concept, array antennas with

$1 \times 8$

,

$2 \times 4$

, and

$3 \times 3$

elements are designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured bandwidth of the antennas covers the entire Chinese standard. Reading distances of the proposed large array antennas achieved up to 57 mm. Results show that the proposed antenna could realize flexibility and extendibility in a large area with stable and uniform magnetic field distribution.
Frontier molecular orbital weighted model based networks for revealing organic delayed fluorescence efficiency
Authors: He Zhaoming , Bi Hai , Liang Baoyan , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Heming , Wang Yue
Published: February 2025

Free of noble-metal and high in unit internal quantum efficiency of electroluminescence, organic molecules with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) features pose the potential to substitute metal-based phosphorescence materials and serve as the new-generation emitters for the mass production of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) display. Predicting the function of TADF emitters beyond classic chemical synthesis and material characterization experiments remains a great challenge. The advances in deep learning (DL) based artificial intelligence (AI) offer an exciting opportunity for screening high-performance TADF materials through efficiency evaluation. However, data-driven material screening approaches with the capacity to access the excited state properties of TADF emitters remain extremely difficult and largely unaddressed. Inspired by the fundamental principle that the excited state properties of TADF molecules are strongly dependent on their D-A geometric and electronic structures, we developed the Electronic Structure-Infused Network (ESIN) for TADF emitter screening. Designed with capacities of accurate prediction of the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of TADF molecules based on elemental molecular geometry and orbital information and integrated with frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) weight-based representation and modeling features, ESIN is a promising interpretable tool for emission efficiency evaluation and molecular design of TADF emitters.
Imaging flow cytometry with a real-time throughput beyond 1,000,000 events per second
Authors: Zhou Jiehua , Mei Liye , Yu Mingjie , Ma Xiao , Hou Dan , Yin Zhuo , Liu Xun , Ding Yan , Yang Kaining , Xiao Ruidong , Yuan Xiandan , Weng Yueyun , Long Mengping , Hu Taobo , Hou Jinxuan , Xu Yu , Tao Liang , Mei Sisi , Shen Hui , Yalikun Yaxiaer , Zhou Fuling , Wang Liang , Wang Du , Liu Sheng , Lei Cheng
Published: February 2025

Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) combines the imaging capabilities of microscopy with the high throughput of flow cytometry, offering a promising solution for high-precision and high-throughput cell analysis in fields such as biomedicine, green energy, and environmental monitoring. However, due to limitations in imaging framerate and real-time data processing, the real-time throughput of existing IFC systems has been restricted to approximately 1000-10,000 events per second (eps), which is insufficient for large-scale cell analysis. In this work, we demonstrate IFC with real-time throughput exceeding 1,000,000 eps by integrating optical time-stretch (OTS) imaging, microfluidic-based cell manipulation, and online image processing. Cells flowing at speeds up to 15 m/s are clearly imaged with a spatial resolution of 780 nm, and images of each individual cell are captured, stored, and analyzed. The capabilities and performance of our system are validated through the identification of malignancies in clinical colorectal samples. This work sets a new record for throughput in imaging flow cytometry, and we believe it has the potential to revolutionize cell analysis by enabling highly efficient, accurate, and intelligent measurement.
Polarization-controlled chiral transport
Authors: Zhu Hang , Wang Jian , Alù Andrea , Chen Lin
Published: February 2025

Handedness-selective chiral transport is an intriguing phenomenon that not only holds significant importance for fundamental research but also carries application prospects in fields such as optical communications and sensing. Currently, on-chip chiral transport devices are static, unable to modulate the output modes based on the input modes. This limits both device functionality reconfiguration and information transmission capacity. Here, we propose to use the incident polarization diversity to control the Hamiltonian evolution path, achieving polarization-dependent chiral transport. By mapping the evolution path of TE and TM polarizations onto elaborately engineered double-coupled waveguides, we experimentally demonstrate that different polarizations yield controllable modal outputs. This work combines Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output, and polarization diversity concepts with chiral transport and challenges the prevailing notion that the modal outputs are fixed to specific modes in chiral transport, thereby opening pathways for the development of on-chip reconfigurable and high-capacity handedness-selective devices.
Rare earth stibolyl and bismolyl sandwich complexes
Authors: Schwarz Noah , Bruder Florian , Bayer Valentin , Moreno-Pineda Eufemio , Gillhuber Sebastian , Sun Xiaofei , van Slageren Joris , Weigend Florian , Roesky Peter W.
Published: February 2025

The design of molecular rare earth complexes to achieve unique magnetic and bonding properties is a growing area of research with possible applications in advanced materials and molecular magnetics. Recent efforts focus on developing ligand frameworks that can enhance magnetic characteristics. Here we show the synthesis and characterization of a class of rare earth complexes, [(η5-C4R4Sb)Ln(η8-C8H8)] and [(η5-C4R4Bi)Ln(η8-C8H8)], featuring η5-coordinated stibolyl and bismolyl ligands. The ligand aromaticity and bonding situation within these complexes are investigated by quantum chemical calculations. Magnetic studies of the ErIII analogues reveal large barriers and intriguing properties, including waist-restricted hysteresis and slow relaxation of the magnetization, making them single-molecule magnets. Comparison between the experimental barrier and CASSCF-SO calculations indicates that relaxation in all systems occurs through high-energy excited states. These findings suggest that stibolyl and bismolyl ligands can be promising candidates for achieving high-energy barriers in Er-based SMMs, offering a pathway to molecular designs with enhanced magnetic properties.
Spin density wave in the bilayered nickelate La3Ni2O7−δ at ambient pressure
Authors: Ni Xiao-Sheng , Ji Yuyang , He Lixin , Xie Tao , Yao Dao-Xin , Wang Meng , Cao Kun
Published: February 2025

The recent discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in high-pressurized La3Ni2O7−δ
has garnered significant attention. Using density functional theory, we investigate the magnetic properties of La3Ni2O7−δ
at ambient pressure. Our calculations suggest that with δ = 0, the double spin stripe phase is favored as the magnetic ground state. Oxygen vacancies may effectively turn nearest Ni spins into charge sites. Consequently, with moderate δ values, our theoretical magnetic ground state exhibits characteristics of both double spin stripe and spin-charge stripe configurations, providing a natural explanation to reconcile the seemingly contradictory experimental findings that suggest both the configurations as candidates for the spin-density-wave phase. With higher δ values, we anticipate the ground state to become a spin-glass-like noncollinear magnetic phase with only short-range order. The oxygen vacancies are expected to significantly impact the magnetic excitations and the transition temperatures T

S
D
W
. Notably, the magnetic ordering also induces concomitant charge ordering and orbital ordering, driven by spin-lattice coupling under the low symmetry magnetic order. We further offer a plausible explanation for the experimental observations that the measured T

S
D
W
appears insensitive to the variation of samples and the lack of direct evidence for long-range magnetic ordering.
Mechanisms of NLRP3 activation and inhibition elucidated by functional analysis of disease-associated variants
Authors: Feng Shouya , Wierzbowski Matthew C. , Hrovat-Schaale Katja , Dumortier Andreas , Zhang Yaoyuan , Zyulina Maria , Baker Paul J. , Reygaerts Thomas , Steiner Annemarie , De Nardo Dominic , Narayanan Dhanya Lakshmi , Milhavet Florian , Pinzon-Charry Alberto , Arostegui Juan Ignacio , Khubchandani Raju P. , Geyer Matthias , Boursier Guilaine , Masters Seth L.
Published: February 2025

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that mediates caspase-1 activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Gain-of-function variants in the gene encoding NLRP3 (also called cryopyrin) lead to constitutive inflammasome activation and excessive IL-1β production in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). Here we present functional screening and automated analysis of 534 NLRP3 variants from the international INFEVERS registry and the ClinVar database. This resource captures the effect of NLRP3 variants on ASC speck formation spontaneously, at low temperature, after inflammasome stimulation and with the specific NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Most notably, our analysis facilitated the updated classification of NLRP3 variants in INFEVERS. Structural analysis suggested multiple mechanisms by which CAPS variants activate NLRP3, including enhanced ATP binding, stabilizing the active NLRP3 conformation, destabilizing the inactive NLRP3 complex and promoting oligomerization of the pyrin domain. Furthermore, we identified pathogenic variants that can hypersensitize the activation of NLRP3 in response to nigericin and cold temperature exposure. We also found that most CAPS-related NLRP3 variants can be inhibited by MCC950; however, NLRP3 variants with changes to proline affecting helices near the inhibitor binding site are resistant to MCC950, as are variants in the pyrin domain, which likely trigger activation directly with the pyrin domain of ASC. Our findings could help stratify the CAPS population for NLRP3 inhibitor clinical trials and our automated methodologies can be implemented for molecules with a different mechanism of activation and in laboratories worldwide that are interested in adding new functionally validated NLRP3 variants to the resource. Overall, our study provides improved diagnosis for patients with CAPS, mechanistic insight into the activation of NLRP3 and stratification of patients for the future application of targeted therapeutics.
Recent increase in surface melting of West Antarctic ice shelves linked to Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Deb Pranab , Bromwich David , Orr Andrew , Sen Arnab , Clem Kyle R.
Published: February 2025

Since the late 1990s, summer surface melt across ice shelves in the Ross-Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica increased significantly, as demonstrated by satellite measurements and MetUM simulations. This contrasts with the period from 1979 to the late 1990s, which witnessed a decreasing summer melt trend driven by the positive trend in Southern Annular Mode. The increase in summer melt since the late 1990s is linked to an increase in geopotential height and intensified anticyclonic blocking along coastal West Antarctica, which strengthened northerly winds over the Ross-Amundsen Sea sector, leading to enhanced advection of warm, marine air. Our analysis reveals a strong connection between summer melt indices and sea surface temperatures in the South Pacific Convergence Zone during this period. Moreover, increased summer precipitation in South Pacific Convergence Zone since the late 1990s strengthened the Rossby wave teleconnection toward West Antarctica, contributing to enhanced blocking along the coastal region. This is consistent with the transition of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation to its negative phase.
Proteogenomic analysis reveals adaptive strategies for alleviating the consequences of aneuploidy in cancer
Authors: Bökenkamp Jan-Eric , Keuper Kristina , Redel Stefan , Barthel Karen , Johnson Leah , Becker Amelie , Wieland Angela , Räschle Markus , Storchová Zuzana
Published: February 2025

Aneuploidy is prevalent in cancer and associates with fitness advantage and poor patient prognosis. Yet, experimentally induced aneuploidy initially leads to adverse effects and impaired proliferation, suggesting that cancer cells must adapt to aneuploidy. We performed in vitro evolution of cells with extra chromosomes and obtained cell lines with improved proliferation and gene expression changes congruent with changes in aneuploid cancers. Integrated analysis of cancer multi-omics data and model cells revealed increased expression of DNA replicative and repair factors, reduced genomic instability, and reduced lysosomal degradation. We identified E2F4 and FOXM1 as transcription factors strongly associated with adaptation to aneuploidy in vitro and in cancers and validated this finding. The adaptation to aneuploidy also coincided with specific copy number aberrations that correlate with poor patient prognosis. Chromosomal engineering mimicking these aberrations improved aneuploid cell proliferation, while loss of previously present extra chromosomes impaired it. The identified common adaptation strategies suggest replication stress, genomic instability, and lysosomal stress as common liabilities of aneuploid cancers.
A CRISPR-Cas9 screen reveals genetic determinants of the cellular response to decitabine
Authors: Zhang Pinqi , Zhang Zhuqiang , Wang Yiyi , Du Wenlong , Song Xingrui , Lai Weiyi , Wang Hailin , Zhu Bing , Xiong Jun
Published: February 2025

Decitabine (DAC), a well-recognized DNA hypomethylating agent, has been applied to treat acute myeloid leukemia. However, clinic investigations revealed that DNA methylation reduction does not correlate with a clinical response, and relapse is prevalent. To gain a better understanding of its anti-tumor mechanism, we perform a temporally resolved CRISPR-Cas9 screen to identify factors governing the DAC response. We show that DNA damage generated by DNMT-DNA adducts and 5-aza-dUTP misincorporation through the dCMP deaminase DCTD act as drivers of DAC-induced acute cytotoxicity. The DNA damage that arises during the next S phase is dependent on DNA replication, unveiling a trans-cell cycle effect of DAC on genome stability. By exploring candidates for synthetic lethality, we unexpectedly uncover that KDM1A promotes survival after DAC treatment through interactions with ZMYM3 and CoREST, independent of its demethylase activity or regulation of viral mimicry. These findings emphasize the importance of DNA repair pathways in DAC response and provide potential biomarkers.
Pentablock thermoresponsive hydrogels for chemotherapeutic delivery in a pancreatic cancer model
Authors: Elsherbeny Amr , Bayraktutan Hulya , Gumus Nurcan , McCrorie Phoebe , Garcia-Sampedro Andres , Parmar Shreeya , Ritchie Alison A. , Meakin Marian , Oz Umut Can , Rahman Ruman , Ashworth Jennifer C. , Grabowska Anna M. , Moloney Cara , Alexander Cameron
Published: February 2025

A thermoresponsive hydrogel is synthesised with biodegradability, in situ swelling, and drug release appropriate for anti-cancer agents. We demonstrate retention of the new hydrogel in vivo enabling local drug release in a pancreatic cancer model.