bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome Dynamics in Triticum aestivum Genotypes Associated with Resistance against the Wheat Dwarf Virus
Authors: Sharaf Abdoallah , Nuc Przemysław , Ripl Jan , Alquicer Glenda , Ibrahim Emad , Wang Xifeng , Maruthi Midatharahally N. , Kundu Jiban Kumar
Published: March 2023

Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is one of the most important pathogens of cereal crops worldwide. To understand the molecular mechanism of resistance, here we investigated the comparative transcriptome of wheat genotypes with different levels of resistance (Svitava and Fengyou 3) and susceptibility (Akteur) to WDV. We found a significantly higher number of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in the susceptible genotype than in the resistant one (e.g., Svitava). The number of downregulated transcripts was also higher in the susceptible genotype than in the resistant one (Svitava) and the opposite was true for the upregulated transcripts. Further functional analysis of gene ontology (GO) enrichment identified a total of 114 GO terms for the DETs. Of these, 64 biological processes, 28 cellular components and 22 molecular function GO terms were significantly enriched. A few of these genes appear to have a specific expression pattern related to resistance or susceptibility to WDV infection. Validation of the expression pattern by RT-qPCR showed that glycosyltransferase was significantly downregulated in the susceptible genotype compared to the resistant genotypes after WDV infection, while CYCLIN-T1-3, a regulator of CDK kinases (cyclin-dependent kinase), was upregulated. On the other hand, the expression pattern of the transcription factor (TF) MYB (TraesCS4B02G174600.2; myeloblastosis domain of transcription factor) was downregulated by WDV infection in the resistant genotypes compared to the susceptible genotype, while a large number of TFs belonging to 54 TF families were differentially expressed due to WDV infection. In addition, two transcripts (TraesCS7A02G341400.1 and TraesCS3B02G239900.1) were upregulated with uncharacterised proteins involved in transport and regulation of cell growth, respectively. Altogether, our findings showed a clear gene expression profile associated with resistance or susceptibility of wheat to WDV. In future studies, we will explore the regulatory network within the same experiment context. This knowledge will broaden not only the future for the development of virus-resistant wheat genotypes but also the future of genetic improvement of cereals for resilience and WDV-resistance breeding.
A Chimeric Vaccine against Porcine Circovirus Type 2: Meta-Analysis of Comparative Clinical Trials
Authors: Poulsen Nautrup Barbara , Van Vlaenderen Ilse , Mellencamp Martha A.
Published: March 2023

This meta-analysis compared the efficacy of a chimeric vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) containing the genotypes PCV2a+b (Fostera® Gold PCV MH [FOS-G]), with commonly used vaccines being derived from genotype PCV2a, considering the following parameters: average daily gain (ADG), mortality and market classification as full value and cull. Data from seven hitherto unpublished comparative US field trials with FOS-G (two experimental challenges and five natural environmental studies) were provided by the manufacturer. A complementary literature review revealed a Korean study, which was considered separately in meta-analysis. Competitors were Circumvent® PCV-M (CV) and Ingelvac Circoflex® + Ingelvac Mycoflex® (IC + IM) in the US, and Porcilis® (POR) in Republic of Korea. Heterogeneity between experimental and environmental challenge studies in the US was not significant, justifying a combined analysis. Over the entire feeding period, ADG (11 comparisons), mortality (12 comparisons) and market classification were not significantly different between FOS-G and its competitor in the US setting. In the Korean study, however, ADG was higher in pigs vaccinated with FOS-G compared to POR, whereas mortality was not significantly different.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Usage of Blood for Transfusions: A 2-Year Experience from a Tertiary Center in Korea
Authors: Roh Juhye , Lee Jangwook , Park Jinyoung , Kang Hee Jung , Lee Young Kyung , Kim Han-Sung , Cho Yonggeun
Published: March 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak affected the utilization and management of blood products in hospitals. Blood shortages occurred owing to social distancing policies and reduction in blood donors. However, only a few studies examined whether these changes affected blood usage and transfusion patterns. We retrospectively reviewed blood component usage according to hospital departments and phases of surgery in transfused patients admitted between 1 March 2019 and 28 February 2021, in a single center in Anyang, Korea. We also analyzed the length of hospital stay and mortality to determine prognosis. In 2020, 32,050 blood components were transfused to 2877 patients, corresponding to 15.8% and 11.8% less than the rates in 2019, respectively. Postoperative usage of blood products significantly decreased in 2020 (3.87 ± 6.50) compared to 2019 (7.12 ± 21.71) (p = 0.047). The length of hospital stay of the patients who underwent postoperative transfusion in 2019 (n = 197) was 13.97 ± 11.95 days, which was not significantly different from that in 2020 (n = 167), i.e., 16.44 ± 17.90 days (p = 0.118). Further, 9 of 197 postoperative transfusion patients died in 2019, while 8 of 167 patients died in 2020 (p = 0.920). The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in limited blood supply and reduced postoperative transfusions; however, patient prognosis was not affected.
Knowledge on Parental Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination of Children 5–11 Years Old
Authors: Esposito Susanna , Rosafio Cristiano , Partesotti Simonetta , Fiore Michele , Antodaro Francesco , Bergomi Andrea , Neglia Cosimo , Argentiero Alberto , Principi Nicola , Zona Stefano
Published: March 2023

Although vaccines are the safest and the most effective measure to prevent disease, disability, and death from various pediatric infectious diseases, parental vaccine hesitancy is a common and increasing phenomenon worldwide. To contribute to improving our knowledge on parental willingness and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccine administration in children aged 5–11 years, an anonymous online questionnaire was disseminated in Italy after the COVID-19 vaccine’s authorization for this age group. An online survey was conducted using the Crowd Signal platform from 15 December 2021 to 15 January 2022 in Italy among parents of children 5–11 years old. A total of 3433 questionnaires were analyzed. Overall, a “Favorable” position was observed in 1459 (42.5%) parents, a “Doubtful” one in 1223 (35.6%) and a “Hesitant/Reluctant” one in 751 (21.9%). The univariate multinomial logistic regression analysis and the multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the Hesitant/Reluctant parents were younger than 40 years of age, mostly female, with a secondary or middle school degree, an annual income below EUR 28,000, more than one child in the age range from 5 to 11 years, an underestimated consideration of the severity of COVID-19’s effects, and concern regarding the COVID-19 vaccines in general. These results show that in Italy, most parents of children aged 5 to 11 were doubtful or hesitant/reluctant to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 virus. Poor trust in health institutions as well as poor consideration of the epidemiological and clinical relevance of COVID-19 in children seem to have played the biggest roles in forming these attitudes. Moreover, the negative attitude of several parents who previously agreed to immunize their children against other childhood illnesses according to the official national pediatric immunization schedule clearly indicates that only the COVID-19 vaccine was put in doubt or rejected. All these findings lead us to conclude that to improve COVID-19 vaccination coverage in children aged 5 to 11, health authorities should increase parental education on the true clinical relevance of COVID-19 and on the importance of its prevention to hinder the evolution of the pandemic in pediatric subjects and the emergence of new variants, and its relative weight in influencing the efficacy of vaccines.
Booster Dose Vaccination and Dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic in the Fifth Wave: An Efficient and Simple Mathematical Model for Disease Progression
Authors: Theparod Thitiya , Kreabkhontho Pannathon , Teparos Watchara
Published: March 2023

Background: Mathematical studies exploring the impact of booster vaccine doses on the recent COVID-19 waves are scarce, leading to ambiguity regarding the significance of booster doses. Methods: A mathematical model with seven compartments was used to determine the basic and effective reproduction numbers and the proportion of infected people during the fifth wave of COVID-19. Using the next-generation matrix, we computed the effective reproduction parameter, Rt. Results: During the fifth COVID-19 wave, the basic reproductive number in Thailand was calculated to be R0= 1.018691. Analytical analysis of the model revealed both local and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the presence of an endemic equilibrium. A dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of infected individuals was observed in the vaccinated population. The simulation results matched the real-world data of the infected patients, establishing the suitability of the model. Furthermore, our analysis suggested that people who had received vaccinations had a better recovery rate and that the death rate was the lowest among those who received the booster dose. The booster dose reduced the effective reproduction number over time, suggesting a vaccine efficacy rate of 0.92. Conclusion: Our study employed a rigorous analytical approach to accurately describe the dynamics of the COVID-19 fifth wave in Thailand. Our findings demonstrated that administering a booster dose can significantly increase the vaccine efficacy rate, resulting in a lower effective reproduction number and a reduction in the number of infected individuals. These results have important implications for public health policymaking, as they provide useful information for the more effective forecasting of the pandemic and improving the efficiency of public health interventions. Moreover, our study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the effectiveness of booster doses in mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Essentially, our study suggests that administering a booster dose can substantially reduce the spread of the virus, supporting the case for widespread booster dose campaigns.
The Renewal of Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Bulgarelli Jenny , Pignatta Sara , Petrini Massimiliano , Ridolfi Laura
Published: March 2023

Cancer immunotherapy embraces many current, promising therapeutic approaches to eradicate tumors by activating host antitumor activity [...]
Immune Control of Avian Influenza Virus Infection and Its Vaccine Development
Authors: Dey Piyush , Ahuja Akanksha , Panwar Jaishal , Choudhary Poonam , Rani Shital , Kaur Mandeep , Sharma Akanksha , Kaur Jatinder , Yadav Ashok Kumar , Sood Vikas , Suresh Babu Adukamparai R. , Bhadada Sanjay K. , Singh Gurpal , Barnwal Ravi Pratap
Published: March 2023

The avian influenza A virus (AIV) is naturally prevalent in aquatic birds, infecting different avian species and transmitting from birds to humans. Both AIVs, the H5N1 and H7N9 viruses, have the potential to infect humans, causing an acute influenza disease syndrome in humans, and are a possible pandemic threat. AIV H5N1 is highly pathogenic, whereas AIV H7N9 has comparatively low pathogenicity. A clear insight into the disease pathogenesis is significant to understand the host’s immunological response, which in turn facilitates the design of the control and prevention strategies. In this review, we aim to provide comprehensive details on the pathogenesis and clinical features of the disease. Moreover, the innate and adaptive immunological responses to AIV and the recent studies conducted on the CD8+ T cell immunity against AIVs are detailed upon. Further, the current status and advancement in the development of AIV vaccines, along with the challenges, are also discussed. The information provided will be helpful in combating the transmission of AIV from birds to humans and, thus, preventing severe outbreaks leading to pandemics worldwide.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Vaccine Response against Hepatitis B in People Aged 50 Years or Older
Authors: da Cunha Rosa Luana Rocha , Brandão Leyla Gabriela Verner Amaral , Moura Winny Éveny Alves , Campos Lays Rosa , Pessoni Grécia Carolina , de Oliveira Roque e Lima Juliana , de Moraes José Cássio , dos Santos Carneiro Megmar Aparecida , Teles Sheila Araújo , Caetano Karlla Antonieta Amorim
Published: March 2023

Universal immunization against hepatitis B has contributed to reducing incidence of the disease, but older individuals remain susceptible to acquiring the hepatitis B virus worldwide. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of HBV infection in individuals aged 50 years and over in central Brazil and to evaluate the immunogenicity of the monovalent vaccine against hepatitis B in this age group using two vaccine regimens. Method: Initially, a cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B. Then, individuals without proof of vaccination for hepatitis B were recruited for a phase IV randomized and controlled clinical trial using two vaccine regimens: Intervention Regimen (IR) (three doses of 40 μg at months 0, 1 and 6) vs. Comparison Regimen (CR) (three doses of 20 μg at months 0, 1 and 6). Results: The overall prevalence of exposure to HBV was 16.6% (95% CI: 14.0%–9.5%). In the clinical trial, statistical differences in protective titers were observed (p = 0.007; IR 96% vs. CR 86%) and the geometric mean of anti-HBs titers was higher in individuals who received the IR (518.2 mIU/mL vs. 260.2 mIU/mL). In addition, the proportion of high responders was higher among those who received the IR (65.3%). Conclusion: reinforced doses should be used in individuals aged 50 years or older to overcome the lower efficacy of the vaccine against hepatitis B.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Economically Marginalized Hispanic Parents of Children under Five Years in the United States
Authors: Fisher Celia , Bragard Elise , Madhivanan Purnima
Published: March 2023

Hispanic children in the US have high rates of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths. Following FDA emergency approval, COVID-19 vaccination rates for young children under five years have been alarmingly low, especially in border states with significant Hispanic populations. This study identified social and cultural determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among economically marginalized Hispanic parents of children under five. In 2022, following FDA approval, 309 Hispanic female guardians in US border states responded to an online survey assessing parental intent to vaccinate their child, demographic characteristics, COVID-19 health and vaccine beliefs, trust in traditional sources of health information, physician and community support, and acculturation to Anglo American norms. The majority (45.6%) did not intend to vaccinate their child or were unsure (22.0%). Kendall’s tau-b indicated vaccine acceptance was negatively associated with COVID-19 specific and general vaccine distrust, belief the vaccine was unnecessary, time living in the U.S., and language acculturation (range tb = −0.13 to −0.44; p = 0.05–0.001) and positively related to trust in traditional resources, doctor’s recommendation, child’s age, household income and parent education (range tb = 0.11 to 0.37; p = 0.05–0.001). This research highlights the importance of COVID-19 vaccination public health strategies that draw on Hispanic cultural values, community partnerships and enhanced pediatrician communication regarding routine and COVID-19-specific vaccinations.
Bone Healing of Critical-Sized Femoral Defects in Rats Treated with Erythropoietin Alone or in Combination with Xenograft
Authors: Vasileva Radina , Chaprazov Tzvetan
Published: March 2023

Critical-size bone defect models are the standard in studies of the osteogenic potential of biomaterials. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the ability of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) to induce trabecular bone healing either alone or combined with a xenograft in a rat femoral critical-size defect model. Five-mm bone defects were created in the femoral diaphysis of fifty-six skeletally mature male Wistar albino rats. The animals were divided into six groups: one control group and five experimental groups. The defects in the control group were left empty, whereas an absorbable collagen cone soaked either with saline or erythropoietin (alone or in combination with xenograft) was placed in locally treated groups. The systemic treatment group received EPO subcutaneously. Bone formation was objectively evaluated through radiography, osteodensitometry and histological examination on post-operative days 30 and 90. The results demonstrate that EPO, locally applied on a collagen scaffold, was capable of inducing bone healing, whereas the single systemically administered high EPO dose had only an insignificant effect on bone formation. The combination of EPO with a bone substitute under the form of cancellous granules resulted in more rapid integration between the xenograft and host bone.
Perceptions of Veterinarians and Veterinary Students on What Risk Factors Constitute Medical Disputes and Comparisons between 2014 and 2022
Authors: Chen Zih-Fang , Hsu Yi-Hsin Elsa , Lee Jih-Jong , Chou Chung-Hsi
Published: March 2023

This study compared the risk perceptions of medical disputes among veterinarians and veterinary students in Taiwan between 2014 and 2022. Online validity-tested questionnaires were used to collect data, with 106 (73 veterinarians and 33 students) and 157 (126 veterinarians and 31 students) surveys collected in 2014 and 2022, respectively. Respondents would be asked to rate their perceptions on how likely each risk factor constitutes a medical dispute according to their past experiences on a five-point Likert scale from 1 to 5: “Very unlikely, unlikely, neutral, likely, very likely.” The results showed that overall risk perceptions increased significantly in 2022 compared to 2014, with the top risk factors being attitudes during interactions and complaint management among experienced veterinarians. In contrast, students considered medical skills and clients’ perspectives as the top two risk factors, with complaints management ranking as the least significant factor. The findings suggest that effective communication and complaint management are crucial in preventing medical disputes, highlighting the importance of developing these skills in young veterinarians and veterinary students to reduce medical disputes. The study also recommends increasing practical experiences of medical disputes and complaint management in veterinary education to bridge the gap between the perceptions of experienced veterinarians and students.
Spatial Distribution of Pine Pollen Grains Concentrations as a Source of Biologically Active Substances in Surface Waters of the Southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Pawlik Magdalena Maria , Ficek Dariusz
Published: March 2023

Pine pollen is a very important component of the marine environment: it is a valuable source of both carbon and macro- and microelements, and it is also a major food resource for many marine organisms. Its characteristic optical properties distinguish it from other suspended particulate matter (SPM), but it can also distort measurements of the latter. Hence, it affects a range of sea water properties as well as a number of key biogeochemical processes taking place in the marine environment. Pollen concentrations were determined with satisfactory accuracy in samples of sea water taken from selected stations in the southern Baltic Sea in May 2018. This paper aims to highlight the spatial differentiation of pollen levels in southern Baltic surface waters and to show that pollen in May is a significant, hitherto overlooked, source of a great many substances essential for the ecosystem’s functioning. Our measurements indicated that pollen was present over the entire area of the southern Baltic studied. Spatially, its concentrations in surface waters differed very widely. Very high levels were recorded both very close to the shore and a long way from it. Any analysis of the influence on the ecosystem of the various substances that pollen brings to the water must take into account the ratio of the concentration of pollen to that of other SPM in the ecosystem. This study showed that even a small concentration of SPM in the central Baltic means that pollen grains can periodically supply substances key to the ecosystem’s functioning. In many areas, pine pollen can make up as much as ca. 50% of the SPM in the 1.25–250 µm size range.
Analysis of the Effect of Pore Water Pressure on a Small Radius Curve Section of a Fine Sand Layer under Cyclic Metro
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Liu Xu , Lin Yunhong , Tan Fei
Published: March 2023

Small curved metro shield tunnels located in fine sand layers are sensitive to the response of horizontal and vertical cyclic loads from train operations, especially for centrifugal horizontal loads. The majority of Zhengzhou’s strata are dominated by this geological composition. Therefore, the dynamic response of the fine sand layer under the train vibration load will lead to the settlement of the sand layer, which brings great hidden danger to the train operation. Long-term pore water monitoring was carried out in this paper, and the use of MIDAS-GTS (Multi-candidate Iterative Design with Adaptive Selection) finite element calculation platform to establish the metro ballast-lining-soil coupling dynamic model for mutual verification. The variation patterns of pore water pressure and super pore water pressure during train operation and the vibration response pattern of the soil layer around the tunnel were investigated. The results suggest that: (1) The pore and excess pore water pressures generated at the start of vibration are not easily dissipated and transferred, making them larger in the early stages of train operation. In contrast, the fine-grained powdered sandy soil has a small amount of clay particles, giving strength and cohesion to the soil layer. Vibrating hole pressure and excess pore water pressure stabilize with the train at a later stage; (2) The low probability of liquefaction in the silt layer surrounding the tunnel; (3) Under vibrating loads, areas of significant soil settlement are concentrated on the soil surface, on the upper side of the tunnel in the silty sand layer and at the bottom 3 m of the tunnel, however, its low variation in settlement has a low impact on the tunnel.
Comparative Study on the Decontamination Efficacy of Peelable Coatings for Heavy Metals Removal
Authors: Toader Gabriela , Pulpea Daniela , Diacon Aurel , Rusen Edina , Ginghina Raluca Elena , Rotariu Traian , Podaru Alice Ionela , Moldovan Andreea Elena , Gavrilescu Maria , Gavrila Ana-Mihaela , Trica Bogdan
Published: March 2023

This study presents the formulation and application of strippable coatings for the entrapment and removal of heavy metals (HMs) and radio nuclides (RNs). The “green” formulations involve the use of a water-based solution consisting of a synthetic biodegradable polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), together with a natural polymer (sodium alginate) as the polymer matrix and bentonite as the reinforcing agent with cation exchange capacity. Four chelating agents comprising two classical chelating agents (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DPTA)) and two “green” chelating agents (iminodisuccinic acid (IDS), 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC)) were used to evaluate the capacity to remove Cu, Sb, Zn, Sr, Pb, Co, and Hg from the contaminated surfaces. This decontamination method leads to the formation of a solid waste, thus eliminating the need for wastewater treatment. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy were used to comparatively evaluate the decontamination efficacy. EDX elemental mapping confirmed the entrapment of the contaminants inside the polymeric matrix.
Circular Economy-Based Alternatives beyond Second-Life Applications: Maximizing the Electric Vehicle Battery First Life
Authors: Etxandi-Santolaya Maite , Canals Casals Lluc , Amante García Beatriz , Corchero Cristina
Published: March 2023

Electric vehicle battery second-life applications are gaining attention as a way to minimize the environmental impact and increase economic profits. However, the demand for stationary energy storage is expected to be saturated in the near future with these second-life batteries. This fact, in addition to the several technical and economic challenges of second-life batteries, promotes exploring other alternatives. This work analyses and compares these possible approaches in terms of battery degradation and economic profit. The results show that for large batteries, intensive Vehicle to Grid does not cause an early retirement of the battery and allows reducing the underuse of the battery. In addition, for the same battery size, Vehicle to Grid provides more economic profit than second-life applications. Nevertheless, only in a few cases does this appear to be more profitable than simply utilizing the battery for driving. Importantly, this study has shown how the assessment of the second-life tends to be too optimistic as a consequence of assuming a fixed End of Life threshold for the batteries.
Determinants of Antenatal Care Access and Utilization in Haiti
Authors: Obioha Chinedu U. , Martin Maria-Pilar , Obioha Ogochukwu A. , Villalba Karina , Del Pino Espejo Maria-Jose , Curtis Denice , Padron-Monedero Alicia
Published: March 2023

Several pregnancy-related complications resulting in maternal mortality in low-income countries may be due to inaccessible or under-utilized antenatal healthcare services. This study aims to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of Haitian women and how these may affect their access to and use of antenatal care services (ANC) during pregnancy. Multi-logistic regression was used to analyze sociodemographic factors associated with ANC access and use among a cross-section of Haitian women (N = 4890) from the Demographic and Health Survey Haiti (2016–2017). Approximately 18.2% of the women had no education, 40.2% had secondary education, and 4.0% had higher education. About 45.6% of women with no education, 95% with higher education, and 76% of urban dwellers made four or more ANC visits. Only 3% of those who used public sector ANC had a higher education, and over 64.2% of those who used private sector ANC lived in urban areas. Rich women (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 2.02–3.08) vs. poor women and mature mothers (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.42–2.73) vs. teenage mothers both had higher odds of using ANC services four or more times. Women with higher education (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.12–0.30) and those who were rich (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.5–0.89) had lower odds of using public sector ANC vs. private sector ANC. Wealth and education are protective of ANC access and use by Haitian women. As over half the population has home births, public health education interventions targeting traditional birth attendants are recommended. Interventions training traditional birth attendants to provide better ANC during pregnancy and at the time of birth and to access skilled help during emergency deliveries is recommended.
Una aproximación a las fuentes documentales escritas de la frontera norte santafesina (1855-1865): interrogantes y aportes metodológicos
Authors: Mora Francisco
Published: March 2023

Este artículo aborda las fuentes documentales escritas producidas por militares y exploradores que transitaron la frontera norte de la provincia de Santa Fe durante el decenio de 1855-1865;el objetivo es identificar y analizar la forma en la que fueron construidos los datos sobre las poblaciones indígenas mocovíes, abipones y tobas. En este periodo los gobiernos provincial y nacional planificaron y ejecutaron políticas de avance sobre el territorio austral de la región del Chaco. La exploración de las vías fluviales de comunicación fue acompañada de la reorganización de los enclaves militares y la fundación de nuevas misiones. Estas iniciativas produjeron documentación sobre los movimientos, localizaciones y nombres de diferentes grupos indígenas que habitaban un amplio territorio que se extendía desde la banda occidental del río Paraná, hacia el oeste por la Provincia de Santa Fe, noreste de la Provincia de Córdoba y sudeste de la Provincia de Santiago del Estero.
EFL Teachers’ Preference Teaching Styles: An Interpretative Study
Authors: Safithri Armin Diah
Published: March 2023

Teaching style refers to teacher-student interaction, teachers' quality and behavior, classroom management, teaching media, planning subject matter, and teacher's action that affect the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process. Since there is still little research discussing EFL teaching styles in higher education, this study aims to find the EFL teachers' preferred teaching styles in one of Indonesia's universities. This study implemented a basic interpretative study with four EFL teachers as participants who have different teaching experiences. The study results showed that the participants act six out of ten teaching styles provided in the research instrument. Then, the participants prefer the facilitator style in their daily teaching activities. In brief, the participants did some teaching styles, but most of the time, the facilitator style was their typical teaching style.
Capturing Secondary English Teachers' Teaching Style in the 21st Century: A Case Study at one Secondary School
Authors: Mardiani Ridha , Prasasti Sifa
Published: March 2023

The demand of teaching in the 21st century has centered on the four Cs, critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and communication. How English teachers become aware of these characteristics and adapt their teaching styles to this demand needs to be researched. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) investigate the types of two English teachers teaching styles and (2) find out whether the teaching styles are still relevant to the 21st century teaching. This study employed a qualitative case study with descriptive data analysis. The study was conducted in one secondary school in Cimahi with two English teachers as participants. Two techniques were used in obtaining the data: 1) classroom observation, and 2) teachers’ interviews. Data were analysed in the lense of teaching style types from Grasha (1996), then juxtapose with the characteristics of learning in 21st century. The findings showed that T1 applied formal authority teaching style, while T2 implemented personal model category. T2 is more adaptable to the challenges of English teaching in 21st century by facilitating the students to be more critical in thinking, discussing current learning issues, helping the students using learning media proficiently and solving learning problems by collaborating and co-creating in real and virtual world
Delay-Optimistic Multiplier Design using Parallel Prefix Adder with Compressors
Authors:   Principal and Professor, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad (Telangana), India., Ravindra Dr. J.V.R. , Chaitanya Chava ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad (Telangana), India., Pranya Kasam ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad (Telangana), India., Sahiti Vaddem ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
Published: March 2023

This article provides an illustration of the design process for 5-2 and 7-2 compressors operating at extremely high speeds. When compared to the prior designs, the new approach significantly reduced the gate-level delay while maintaining an appropriate overall transistor and gate count. With the help of 7:2 and 5:2 compressor infusion, when compared to earlier designs, the gate-level latency has been significantly decreased while the overall transistor and gate counts have remained within acceptable bounds. The technique was created for the 5-2 compressor and expanded for the 7-2 design, which exhibits higher speed performance enhancement for these architectures. To increase performance in terms of latency, we can switch out the ripple carry adder at the last addition for a parallel prefix adder. In addition, careful design considerations were taken to keep other factors, such as power and activity, within reasonable bounds. The best-reported circuits have also undergone redesigns, and the parasitic components of those circuits have been eliminated using the same method to produce a fair comparison. Using a common 16 × 16-bit multiplier, the performance of the built compressor blocks has also been assessed.
EFFECT OF DIETARY HABITS ON MENSTRUAL DISTRESS IN EUMENORRHEIC YOUNG ADULTS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Sunil A Neenu , N R Hemalatha
Published: March 2023

Menstruation is a periodic and cyclical shedding of pro-gestational
endometrium accompanied by loss of blood and which involves many
hormonal changes. It is a normal physiological process that begins
during adolescence and may be associated with the various symptoms
occurring before or during the menstrual ow.1 This monthly
experience by females adds a powerful tool to the assessment of
normal development and the exclusion of pathological conditions
among them, and it is one of the determinants of a woman's
reproductive health. The problems related to menstruation impose
high costs to the societies and affect not only the women's health but
also their quality of life, body image, pregnancy, mood, as well as social economy and efciency
CORRELATIONS OF ENDOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE AND DHEA-S IN PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE
Authors: Kumar  Singh Rohit , Shilpi Shilpi , Khanna Soumya , K. Tiwary S. , Puneet Puneet , K. Singh S. , K. Khanna A.
Published: March 2023

Background: Peripheral arterial disease is Occlusive disease of the arteries of the extremity. Common causes are
Atherosclerosis (most common), Buerger's disease, vasculitis and other arteritis, thromboembolism etc. Peripheral
arterial disease (PAD) is a treacherous disease as it remains asymptomatic for so long. As PAD progresses, it may lead to classical intermittent
claudication and critical limb ischemia. DHEAS has been demonstrated to have an antiatherosclerotic effect by prevention of platelet
aggregation, uptake of cholesterol and a decrease in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Testosterone causes vasodilation of the
peripheral arteries by acting on the endothelium of the vessels and in turn results in release of nitric oxide (NO) which is a vasodilator and helps in
vasodilation. Testosterone suppresses expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (proinammatory cytokines), anti-inammatory factors
by its derivative 5-dihydrotestosterone which is the earliest step in atherosclerosis. Interestingly Testosterone and DHEAS also has benecial
effects on cardiac ischemia, angina and chronic heart failure. The aim of this study is to look for any relationship of Testosterone and DHEAS in
Peripheral Arterial Disease. Total 50 patients both inpatients and out Methods: patients were studied. The period of study was from September
2016 to June 2018. Patients who were proven to have peripheral arterial disease on colour doppler were taken for study. The study was done to
look if any relationship is present between serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in a peripheral arterial disease
patients. Data were documented and stored in a proper database format. At the end of data collection from the samples, data analysis was done
using SPSS 16 software and appropriate tests of signicance were applied. For categorical variables Chi-square test and Fischer's Exact test was
used. For comparing two groups of mean student's t-test was used. To correlate more than two continuous data Pearson and Spearman
Correlation Coefcient was used. P value <0.05 considered as statistically signicant. Our results showed that total serum testosterone Results:
and DHEA-S were not signicantly decreased in PAD patients in comparison to the control group. We could not observe any signicant
correlation. These results express that there is no signicant correlation Conclusion: of Serum Testosterone and Dehydroepiandosterone with
Peripheral arterial Disease. In our study there are signicant correlations with inammatory markers (C reactive protein, Interleukin6,
Homocysteine) Lipid prole (cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, VLDL) and HbA1C with serum Testosterone and Dehydroepiandosterone in
Peripheral Arterial Disease
A PRECLINICAL STUDY ON EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SNUHI KSHARA IN HUMAN COLON CANCER CELL LINE HCT-15
Authors: Geeta  Govindrao Asolkar , Ashwin  Vithalrao Nikam , Uday  Venkatrao Pawade , Meghsham  Pramodrao Anjankar
Published: March 2023

Snuhi (Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.) is a conventional herb used broadly in several disease conditions as indicated in
classical texts of Ayurveda. As per literature review ascertained, no literature was accessible regarding anticancer activity
of Snuhi Kshara. Thus, present work was designed to evaluate the anticancer activity of Snuhi Kshara in HCT-15 (Human Colon Cancer cell line).
Anticancer activity was evaluated using MTT assay by % cell viability and IC50. Anticancer activity was compared with standard drug
capecitabine. A positive correlation between Concentration and % cell viability was noticed. Lowest cell viability was noted at 5000 µg
concentration. Results obtained through the study indicates towards anticancer activity of Snuhi Kshara
Blockchain-based Route Selection with Allocation of Radio and Computing Resources for Connected Vehicles
Authors: Volosin Marcel , Slapak Eugen , Becvar Zdenek , Maksymyuk Taras , Petik Adam , Liyanage Madhusanka , Gazda Juraj
Published: March 2023

Most of the existing solutions for communication of connected vehicles (CVs) are focused on the optimization of resource allocation, however, not taking the driving routes of the CVs into account. In addition, no existing work considers the offloading of computing tasks from CVs to edge computing servers. In this paper, we introduce joint vehicular route selection and radio and computing resource allocation for CVs. The proposed algorithm minimizes the ratio of failed tasks along the entire vehicular route considering the availability of both radio and computing resources. To manage the allocation of resources among multiple CVs for each vehicular route, we develop a blockchain-based framework allowing resource reservation by means of nonfungible tokens (NFTs). Each NFT represents an exclusive right to the required amount of radio and computing resources for the given road segment and defined time interval. Simulation results show that the proposed vehicular route selection algorithm reduces the ratio of tasks not completed before deadline by up to 69% compared to the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
AI-Powered Smart Contracts: The Dawn of Web 4. O
Authors: Reshi Iraq , Khan Muneeb , shafi Sadaf , Sholla Sahil , Assad Assif , Shafi Huzaib
Published: March 2023

Smart contracts backed by artificial intelligence hold the key to a better tomorrow. As smart contracts begin to incorporate artificial intelligence, many previously steady marketplaces might instantly turn unpredictable. A smart contract is a program that operates autonomously on a blockchain. The program's decentralization ensures its safety, openness, and credibility. However, since they are static in essence and cannot adapt to new circumstances due to their immutable nature, these programs are limited in the tasks they perform. As a remedy for this shortcoming, we propose a few novel use cases where we solve some of the huge problems in a wide array of domains by incorporating Artificial Intelligence in these programs called Smart Contract. With consideration of hardware and new frameworks, this manuscript also discusses the potential of utilizing AI in such contracts. We describe the usage of AI to monitor the activity of these smart contracts in real- time and to provide an alert if an attack seems imminent. We also offer a new approach for marketing businesses and organizations on the blockchain (DAO) that is likewise decentralized and makes use of AI in the smart contract to enable incentivization. The use of AI in Smart Contracts also opens the door to the possibility of other applications, such as Fashion Design in Gaming.
The Relationship between Antisocial Personality Disorder and Addiction in AL-Diwanyia Governorate Case-control
Authors: Jabor Haider A.
Published: March 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between antisocial personality disorder and addiction.
Methodology: A descriptive Case-control study was conducted in AL-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital, Psychiatric Department of 6 May 2015 to 30 of June 2015 on a non-probability (purposive sample) of 20 addicted patients and 20 of healthy person were matched with them of general population. The data were collected through the use of semi-structured interview, the questionnaire prepared by Robert Harry and translation of AL-Saadani, Data was analysis through descriptive and inferential statistic.
Results: The findings of the present study indicate there is relationship between antisocial personality disorder and addiction.
Conclusion: The study conclude that the antisocial personality disorder was more frequent in cases than in the control group.
Recommendations: Use psychotherapy specially social skills through treating of addiction.
The Relation between Life Quality and Angina Pectoris Patients in Hospitals in Kirkuk City
Authors: Mohammed Hussein Ali
Published: March 2023

Background: Angina pectoris is disease for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. Angina is a symptom of myocardial ischemia. It occurs when the heart muscle (myocardium) doesn't get as much blood as it needs. This usually happens because one or more of the heart's arteries (blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle) is narrowed or blocked.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life in angina pectoris patients
Methodology : Quantitative design (Purposive study) was used in this study, the study was conducted at Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk general hospital in Kirkuk city to assess quality of life toward Angina pectoris patients. The period of the study was carried out of 20th of October in 2015 to 15th of august in 2016. A non probability (purposive) sample was selected. It consisted of (100) patients (72) sample was collected in Azadi teaching hospital and (28) Kirkuk general hospital at the units of critical care. In order to collect the data required a questionnaire was constructed depending on the criteria of WHO scale. It consists of two parts; part one included (8) items which focused on the client demographic characteristics which include (age, gender, residence, marital status, occupation, educational level, duration of the angina and Concomitant chronic diseases). Part two is composed of (5) domains that covered physical, social, psychological, level of independence and spiritual domains. The overall questions included (90) items. 3-likert scale options was used in the rating scale as: ( Always = 3 ) , ( Sometimes = 2 ), ( Never = 1 ) .
Result: The result of present study revealed that high percent (26%) the study sample at age (40-49 and Ëƒ`70 ) years old. In relation to gender, the majority of the patients are male and account (60%). The data analysis show that some demographic data include (age, occupation and duration of angina) are more common significant (effected) on the physical , social, psychological, independence and spiritual domains.
Conclusion: Age, married, chronic disease and monthly income variables are the most socio-demographic variables that were associated with direct effect on quality of life among angina pectoris patients. Physical domain are the most aspects of life among angina pectoris patients that were associated with many socio-demographic variables.
Recommendation: Exercise training results in improvement of symptoms, increase in the threshold of ischemia, and improvement of patients' sense of well-being. However, before enrolling a patient in an exercise-training program, perform an exercise tolerance test to establish the safety of such a program. Promoting best health practices and early optimal nursing management of angina pectoris to minimize damage and prevent complications.
Barriers that Preventing the Nursing Staff from Reporting Medication Errors in Kirkuk City Hospitals
Authors: Sameen Faisal Younus , Abdullah Dhiaa Alrahman H.
Published: March 2023

Background: reporting medication administering errors (MAEs) among nursing staff can improve patient's safety and quality of nursing care.
Objectives: to assess the causes of medication errors as well as barriers to report (MAEs).
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at Kirkuk city hospitals. From the period August 1st 2016 until of February 1st, 2017. A non-probability (convenience) sample of (150) nurses working at Kirkuk city hospitals was used. The tool used in the study called Medication Administration Errors (MAEs) Reporting Questionnaire was developed by Wakefield et al. It consisted of three parts. The data was collected by self-reporting technique. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis.
Conclusions: the study concluded that most of nurses report that pharmacy reasons and medication packaging reasons leading to medication errors. Also the result of the study revealed that the most common barriers to report medication errors were fear reason and administrative reason.
Recommendation: Administrative systems should support nurses, pharmacists, or physicians to report medication errors the when errors occurs
Nurses' Knowledge Regarding Ebola Virus Disease in Erbil City Hospitals
Authors: Kareem Mosleh Saber , Ibrahim Sarhang Qadir , Al-Banna Dara Abdulla
Published: March 2023

Objective: The study aimed to assess the nurses' knowledge concerning Ebola Virus Disease at governmental hospitals.
Methodology: Quantitative, A cross-sectional study was conducted with all nurses (40 nurses) in hospitals of Erbil City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from November 2014 to April 2015. A questionnaire contained of two parts, part one include socio-demographic characteristics of nurses, and part two including questions about knowledge of nurses concerning Ebola Virus Disease. The data were analyzed through the SPSS software V.20 application, descriptive data analysis was done through frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.
Results: The study results show that most of the study samples were at age group between 24-34 years old, male, married, graduated from nursing institutes from rural area. The highest percentage of the level of experience was between 3-8 years.
Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the study sample had middle level of knowledge concerning Ebola Virus Disease.
Recommendations: The study recommends preparation of educational programs for all nurses in Erbil City Hospitals.