bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERMEDIARY ACTIVITIES OF A BANK: LEGAL ISSUES
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Entrepreneurial Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Lauts Elizaveta B.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the areas of intermediary activity of banks. The article examines the issue of whether banks can conclude Agency agreements, including those related to prohibited types of business activities. The author characterizes various types of Agency agreements that can be concluded by a Bank and the risks that arise in this regard, focusing on the recognition of a transaction made under the a significant misconception as invalid. It also analyzes ways to minimize the risks of banks and clients when providing various financial services to the client by the agent Bank.
THE MONETARY SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: DIGITAL NOVELTIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE LEGAL CAPACITY OF PARTIES TO FINANCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Authors:   Head of the Professor N.I. Khimicheva Department of Financial, Banking and Customs Law of the Saratov State Law Academy LL.D., Professor, Pokachalova Elena V. , Gudkova Marina V. ,   Postgraduate Student of the Professor N.I. Khimicheva Department of Financial, Banking and Customs Law of the Saratov State Law Academy
Published: March 2021

The article discusses controversial issues about the structural elements of the monetary system of the Russian Federation and the introduction of digital currency (digital ruble) as a new form of the Russian ruble and an innovative financial instrument. The problems of financial and legal regulation of digital currency and the resulting transformation of the legal personality of participants in financial relations are analyzed, proposals are made to improve domestic financial and related legislation and to determine the financial and legal status of digital currency in the state.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AN INSTRUMENT ENSURING CYBERSECURITY OF THE FINANCIAL SPHERE OR A CYBER THREAT TO BANKS?
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of International and Public Law of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Financial University PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Gorokhova Svetlana S.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the growing risks and security threats faced by the financial sector. This problem is currently most relevant, as the increased demand for security in the banking sector encourages the development and introduction of new technologies (including machine learning and artificial intelligence), while at the same time creating new vulnerable areas and related problems.
Waiver of a Counsel (for the Defense) in a Criminal Procedure
Authors:   Attorney at Postanyuk and Partners Moscow Bar Association, Postanyuk Vladimir D.
Published: March 2021

Provision to the suspect and defendant’s constitutional right to protection is an essential principle of criminal proceedings (article 16 of the code). In the code there are some articles that illuminate the mechanism of participation of the defender in criminal proceedings, this includes: defining the range of persons who can be advocates, fixing specific time, the participation of counsel in the case, an order of protection and other issues. But it is the question of the implementation of the right of the accused (suspect) to refuse to defend and participate in the case of a lawyer that is of fundamental practical and legal importance. There are two possibilities that should be distinguished: on the one hand, complete rejection of the defender in general, and on the other hand, rejection of a specific defender. The refusal of a lawyer in general is provided with a number of restrictions, which are listed in the relevant article of the criminal procedure code. in all other cases, the rule applies that it is possible to refuse to help a lawyer at any time during the criminal proceedings. This article is devoted to the consideration of these issues.
European Standards of Attorney-Client Privilege Protection
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Advocacy of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) Attorney at Osherov, Oniskovets and Partners Moscow Bar Association, Badylo Yulia M.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the approaches of the European Court of Human Rights to ensuring and protecting privileges one of the most important guarantees of legal profession. Author pays attention to four problems: covert surveillance of an advocate, wire tapping of telephone between an advocate and a client, viewing of correspondence of an advocate and a client, searches in an advocate’s premises.
The Advocacy Institution in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the XVI Century
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Studies of the Russian University of Cooperation PhD (History), Belyaev Mikhail P.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the origin and development of the institution of advocacy in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th century. Magdeburg law influenced the formation of the legal profession. The Statute of 1529 devoted only one article to advocacy. She forbade foreigners to be lawyers. In the period 1529–1566 there was a rapprochement of statutory, customary and Magdeburg law. On this basis, the institution of the bar continued to develop. The Statute of 1566 completed the design of the institution of the Bar. It contained more articles on lawyers. The 1566 Statute formulated certain rules of advocacy ethics, and established liability for a lawyer’s violation of his duties. Betrayal by the lawyer of his client was punishable by death. The Statute of 1588 became the most systematic law of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which regulated in detail the procedure for judicial protection. He continued the tradition of regulating the legal profession.
INTERNATIONAL LAW STANDARDS FOR OBTAINING OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE FROM FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS
Authors:   Prosecutor of the Department of International Cooperation on Priority Cases of the Chief Directorate of International Law Cooperation of the Prosecutor General`s Office of the Russian Federation Senior Counsellor of Justice, PhD (Law), Malov Aleksandr A.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the features of the interaction of the competent criminal prosecution authorities with foreign jurisdictions and international legal standards for the execution of letter of request in order to obtain electronic evidence, as well as international initiatives and agreements aimed at combating crimes using computer networks.
THE IDENTIFICATION PARADE PROCEDURE UNDER THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAWS OF RUSSIA AND SOME CIS MEMBER STATES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Procedure Law and Criminalistics of the Bryansk State Academician I.G. Petrovski University PhD (Law), Maevskiy Sergey S. , Dudarev Vitaliy A. ,   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Criminal Procedure Law and Criminalistics of the Bryansk State Academician I.G. Petrovski University
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the production of presentation for identification under the criminal procedure legislation of Russia and individual CIS countries. Within the framework of the study, both the strengths and weaknesses of the procedural regulation of this investigative action were identified. The authors formulate proposals for improving the Russian procedural legislation governing the procedure for carrying out presentation for identification.
CLASSIFICATION OF NON-CRIMINAL ACTS STIPULATED BY CRIMINAL LAW PROVISIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW
Authors:   Deputy Director for Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian State University of Justice (Chelyabinsk) PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Garbatovich Denis A.
Published: March 2021

The article presents a classification of non-criminal criminal acts in international criminal law depending, first, on their social significance, second, on their compliance with the sources of international criminal law, third, on how they affect criminal law relations as legal facts.
RECIDIVISM PREVENTION IN JAPAN
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Foreign Languages of the Academy of the FPS of Russia, Varlamova Olga F.
Published: March 2021

The success factors in reducing the rate of recidivism in Japan deserve careful study with a view to the possible use of positive experience. The article discusses the main measures applied by the Japanese government in recent years.
Kształcenie integracyjne – atmosfera myślenia życzeniowego?
Authors: Erenc Janusz
Published: March 2021

The changes of the terms of educating the disabled were introduced in Poland in 1993. However, despite more twenty-year experience of integration education, giving equal educational opportunities to disabled children and youth still raises remarkable doubts. It is worth noting that in official discussions, as well as in the professional literature, it is the ideological side of the integration that is emphasized primarily, without much reference to the social conditions of its implementation. You may even notice that the atmosphere of wishful thinking is adopted and it is believed that by sheer change of the approach to the opportunities created for the development of people with disabilities their social integration will be achieved. Without denying the importance of education and educational activities conducted in integrated classes, and above all the need to treat all people in the same way, it is worth considering where to find the possibilities of implementing the accepted assumptions? Are they to be found only in the ideological message and curricula, or also in the attitudes of teachers who implement them? The crucial issue is the approach of teachers to the introduced changes in the education system: do teachers – the practitioners of educational activities – share the way of thinking of the creators of the introduced integration activities?
Parents’ Voices: Virtual Classroom Bridging Homeschooling to Public Schools
Authors: Norman Dennis , Luo Tian , Salim Muljana Pauline
Published: March 2021

This research examined to what extent homeschooling parents believed that virtual classrooms have bridged the home and public-schooling systems via a case study. Data were drawn from an online survey as well as Skype and personal interviews with ten participants who were parents of home-schooled children with an understanding of the virtual learning process. Participants reported both benefits and challenges of virtual homeschooling from parents’ perspectives. Discussion and implications to educational practitioners are included.
Online Learning in Vocational Education of China during COVID-19: Achievements, Challenges, and Future Developments
Authors: Han Xibin , Zhou Qian , Shi Wanruo , Yang Shuyuan
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 has challenged education systems globally. Traditional teaching and learning activities of more than 1,300 vocational colleges and nearly 11,000 vocational high schools in China have had to be paused and transformed into an online mode. A study had been conducted to trace the unprecedented change which would provide reflections on policies and practical experience worthy of reference for the follow-up development of online vocational education in China and other countries in the world. The study used two methods to collect data: (1) delivering questionnaires to 767 schools, 17009 teachers, 270,732 students, and (2) gathering 110 institute cases from 21 provinces and 170 curriculum cases from 14 provinces. The result showed that vocational institutions coped with the pandemic’s outbreak through online learning and achieved the overall goal of “Not Going to School but Classes still Ongoing.” Further, vocational institutions have faced problems and challenges of online learning in practice training and internship, organization, and technical environment. The development of vocational education in the information era requires thinking about the system-driven reform path and online learning strategy and putting it into action.
Bağlanma ve Depresyon Arasındaki İlişkinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi: Teorik Bir Çalışma
Authors: SET Zeynep
Published: March 2021

Heinz Kohut tarafından geliştirilen kendilik psikolojisi yaklaşımı, günümüzde en temel psikanalitik teorilerden biri olarak görülmektedir. Kohut’un kendilik kuramı ve Bowlby’nin bağlanma kuramı, bakım verenler ile kurulan ilişkinin önemi ve bunun sağlıklı bir kendilik duygusunun gelişimi ve yetişkinlik döneminde kurulacak ilişkiler üzerinde etkisi olacağı üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, kendilik psikolojisi içerisinde yer alan kendilik nesnesi kavramı ve bağlanma kuramının detaylı bir şekilde açıklanması hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda kendilik nesnesi ve bağlanma boyutlarının etkilerini incelemek için bağlanma ve kendilik nesnesi ile depresyon, anksiyete ve öznel iyi oluş ilişkisi ve bu ilişkilerde duygu düzenlemenin olası aracı etkisine dair alanyazın incelenmiştir. İleride yapılacak araştırmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
THE BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN ACEH COWS WITH REPEAT BREEDING
Authors: Thasmi Cut Nila , Husnurrizal Husnurrizal , Akmal Muslim , Wahyuni Sri , Siregar Tongku Nizwan
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui profil biokimia darah sapi aceh yang mengalami kawin berulang/repeat breeding (RB). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 16 ekor sapi aceh yang terdiri atas tujuh ekor sapi aceh fertil dan sembilan ekor sapi aceh RB, yang berumur 3-8 tahun dengan skor kondisi tubuh (SKT) 3-4. Koleksi serum dilakukan untuk pemeriksaan profil biokimia darah meliputi kadar kolesterol, protein, dan glukosa. Kadar kolesterol; protein; dan glukosa sapi aceh fertil vs RB masing-masing adalah 185,86±45,34 vs 144,00±40,69 mg/dL; 6,57±1,55 vs 6,96±2,05 g/dL; dan 67,43±13,72 vs 73,78±15,83 mg/dL. Disimpulkan bahwa kadar glukosa sapi aceh RB lebih tinggi dibandingkan sapi fertile, sedangkan kadar kolesterol dan protein relatif sama.
ABÛ ISHÂQ IBRÂHÎM IBN MÛSÂ AL-SYÂTHIBÎ AND HIS OPINION ON THE DICHOTOMY OF ‘IBÂDÂT AND ‘ÂDÂT IN ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Aziz Jamal Abdul
Published: March 2021

Abû Is­hâq Ibrâhîm ibn Mûsâ al-Syâthibî (d. 790/1388), or who is known as al-Syâthibî, is one of the most famous fuqahâ’ in Maliki sect. When he was living in Granada in the thirteenth century, he faced a wide scale of social, economic, and cultural changes. At the same time, the teaching and practice of tasawwuf influenced the tendency of  thinking of Islamic law. The big change supported him to formulate his philosophy of Islamic law. Mashlahah (mashâlih), as the main purpose of maqâshid al-syarî’ah, is the main concept of philosophy thinking in Islamic law that he built. The dichotomy of ‘ibâdât and ‘âdât contains the representation of fixed aspects which in one side is the teaching of worships (rites), and on the other side is the dynamic aspect from the Islamic law. ‘Ibâdât asked for a pure obedience from a human with the way has been specified by the God, while ‘âdât can receive any possible changes.Copyright (c) 2015 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.714
MENIMBANG KEUMUMAN LAFZH ‘ÂMM DAN MUTHLAQ DALAM MENGUNGKAP MAKNA NASH SYAR’Î
Authors: Jalil Abdul
Published: March 2021

Understanding what is desired by Allah from the texts of the Qur’an that which is essentially many debatable than the immutable have led to a variety of concepts generated by the ushûliyyûn, like ‘âmm and muthlaq. These two concepts are very numerous and often intersect in the texts of the Qur’an, because the sturcture of the words on the legal source are mostly composed of ‘âmm and muthlaq words. Both have the differences and similarities in coverage breadth of its meaning. First, differences can be seen in the ‘âmm word covering the whole meaning of syar'î texts has many forms and varieties. While the muthlaq word consists only of nakirah word both singular and plural form. The other hand, the difference that in generality of ‘âmm is syumûlî and generality of muthlaq is badalî. In addition, the generality of ‘âmm from afrâd side (components), while the generality of muthlaq is from characteristic side. Secondly, the range of ‘âmm word is wider than the muthlaq word, due to the shape and variety of ‘âmm word more than the muthlaq word, ‘âmm word able to spend the amount of units more than the muthlaq word since the generality ‘âmm word on the side of component units, while the generality of the muthlaq word located on the side of characteristic.Copyright (c) 2016 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.731
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CASH WAQF IN THE PESANTREN OF AL-AMIEN PRENDUAN SUMENEP REGENCY OF MADURA
Authors: Wardi Moch. Cholid
Published: March 2021

Abstract:Cash waqf still becomes the frame in the ulama’ debate, especially in Hanafiyah and Syâfi`îyah schools. Therefore, it requires deeper insight either empirically from the field or theoritically in Islamic law analysis through aqwâl al-`ulamâ’, so that the concept and the legal basis of its management and development can be known. This paper discusses about productive waqf and the uniqueness of the application of management of cash waqf  in a pesantren (Islamic boarding school). Besides, the standardisation of the law applied in the implementation of the cash waqf which encompasses: al-Qur'an, Hadits, fiqh rules, and aqwâl al-`ulamâ’ needs to be analyzed fo find out a conclusion of the implementation status. In the implementation, there are many unique things which are interesting to analyze, namely the use of the institution fund which is oriented to develop cash waqf and the exictence of waqf board which becomes the highest decision maker. It means that the highest leader is no longer on the foundation but on the waqf board because all of the pesantren’s assets become waqf   property, even the body and everything valuable to them are made as waqf assets.Abstrak:Cash waqf  atau biasa disebut dengan wakaf tunai ini masih menjadi bingkai dalam perdebatan ulama, lebih-lebih dari golongan Hanafiyah dan Syâfi’îyah. Oleh karenanya, ia perlu digali informasi baik secara empiris di lapangan maupun secara teoritis dalam kajian hukum Islam melalui aqwâl al-`ulamâ’ sehingga dapat diketahui konsep dan dasar hukum yang dipakai dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangannya. Tulisan ini membahas wakaf produktif dan keunikan pelaksanaan manajemen wakaf tunai di pesantren. Di samping itu, standarisasi hukum yang digunakan dalam implementasi perwakafan tunai ini (cash waqf) yang meliputi: al-Qur`ân, Hadits, kaidah fiqhiyah, kaidah ushuliyah, dan aqwâl al-‘ulamâ perlu dikaji untuk menemukan kesimpulan status pelaksanaannya. Dalam implementasinya, beberapa hal unik yang menarik untuk dikaji, yaitu penggunaan dana lembaga yang diorientasikan untuk mengembangkan wakaf tunai. Eksistensi badan wakaf yang menjadi penentu kebijakan tertinggi, artinya pimpinan tertinggi tidak lagi dipegang oleh yayasan, melainkan badan wakaf karena semua aset pesantren dijadikan sebagai harta wakaf, bahkan badan dan sesuatu yang bermanfaat dari diri mereka dijadikan sebagai aset wakaf.
Kajian Filosofis tentang Hukum dan Keadilan dari Pemikiran Klasik Sampai Pemikiran Modern
Authors: Nasution Bahder Johan
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Justice, since the first issue, has been the subject of study both among philosophers and among theologians, politicians and thinkers or legal experts. However, if there are questions about justice, could not be determined what measures are used to determine something is fair or not. Various answers about justice usually never or rarely satisfying so that continues to be debated, so it can be concluded that the various formulations of justice is a relative statement. This issue ultimately encourages many people to take a shortcut by submitting formulation of justice to the legislators and judges who will formulate it based on their own considerations.
PRAGMATISME PERBANKAN SYARIAH DALAM PENYELESAIAN EKSEKUSI OBJEK HAK TANGGUNGAN Studi Putusan Nomor 116/Pdt.Plw/2015/PN.Kpn
Authors: Yasin Mohamad Nur
Published: March 2021

Pragmatisme ekonomi di berbagai negara telah mendorong pragmatisme di Indonesia dan berimplikasi pada hukum ekonomi syariah. Menurut pragmatisme, sesuatu dianggap ada, baik, dan benar jika bermanfaat. Pola pikir pragmatis ikut mewarnai perbankan syariah, ditandai prinsip mudharabah semakin tidak populer, prinsip murabahah semakin dominan, dan dipilihnya Pengadilan Negeri untuk menetapkan eksekusi objek hak tanggungan. Kajian ini fokus pada tiga pertanyaan. Mengapa pemenang lelang objek hak tanggungan pada perbankan syariah mengajukan eksekusi objek hak tanggungan ke Pengadilan Negeri. Bagaimana legalitas lelang oleh Kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang terhadap objek hak tanggungan pada perbankan syariah. Bagaimana implikasi dan solusi norma eksekusi objek hak tanggungan pada perbankan syariah. Dengan menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif, diperoleh tiga temuan. Pertama, permohonan eksekusi objek hak tanggungan ke Pengadilan Negeri disebabkan mindset pragmatisme perbankan syariah. Kedua, jika lelang objek hak tanggungan didahului poses rescheduling, reconditioning, dan restructuring, maka lelangnya sah. Jika tanpa didahului ketiga proses tersebut, lelangnya tidak sah. Ketiga, jika penetapan eksekusi objek hak tanggungan pada perbankan syariah oleh Pengadilan Negeri, maka tidak sah. Sebagai solusinya, semua norma sengketa ekonomi syariah pra-Putusan MK No 93/PUU-X/2012 harus dilakukan harmonisasi atau rekonstruksi norma.
Kontribusi Pemikiran Jihad Ekonomi Kiai Madura dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Berbasis Syari’ah
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana sebenarnya nilai-nilai islam dapat dituangkan dalam dinamika bisnis yang dikembangkan oleh para kiai sebagai tokoh pengawal agama (Islam). penulis mencoba menganalisis peran kiai madura dalam pengembangan ekonomi berbasis syari’ah (hukum Islam), Islam sebagai agama juga dapat memiliki nilai-nilai atau spirit khas dalam upaya mengembangkan ekonomi umat. Disinilah urgensi peran para kiai madura –sebagai pengawal tegaknya nilai-nilai Islam dalam segala sektor, termasuk sektor di ekonomi dan bisnis. Nilai-nilai spiritual dari aktivitas bisnis yang dilakukan oleh para kiai madura dapat dipandang sebagai sebuah bentuk  jihad di bidang ekonomi, yakni tegaknya nilai syari’ah (hukum islam) dalam bingkai ekonomi dan bisnis yang ditekuni dan kembangkan bersama masyarakat(This Article discusses how the real values of Islam can be poured into the business dynamics developed by Islamic Scholar (Kyai) as a guardian figure of Islam. The author tries to analyze the role of Madurese Kyai in developing Islamic economics, Islam as a religion can also have values  and special spirit in developing public economics. Here is the importance of Kyai in Madura as the guard of Islamic values maintenance in all sectors, including in economics and business sectors. Spiritual values and Islamic business activities carried out by the Kyai can be seen as a form of jihad in economics, namely the establishment of the value of Shariah (Islamic law) in the frame of economics and business applied and developed by the community)
Al-Syaikh Muhammad Mahfûdz Al-Termasî al-Jâwî al-Indûnîsî wa Asânîduhu fî ‘ilmi al-Fiqhi
Authors: Syu'aib Kholil
Published: March 2021

Pembahasan ini mengungkapkan tentang sanad dalam ilmu fiqh Syaikh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi (1285-1338 H./1864-1917 M.), salah seorang ulama Nusantara (Indonesia) asal tanah Jawa, yang namanya sangat harum dan populer di wilayah Timur Tengah, khususnya di Kota Mekkah. Tema ini dibahas dengan tujuan untuk menyingkap sesuatu di balik tabir kebesaran namanya. Kajian ini bersumber dari karya monumentalnya dalam bidang sanad yang berjudul “Hidayah al-Mustafid li Ma ‘Ala min al-Asanid.” Setelah dilakukan penerokaan secara seksama ditemukan bahwa ternyata Syaikh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi memiliki otoritas sanad dalam ilmu fiqh di samping sanad ilmu-ilmu yang lain. Setiap ilmu fiqh ia pelajari dan kitab fiqh yang ia baca kepada guru-gurunya ia diberi ijazah yang disertai dengan sanad yang bersambung kepada ulama fiqh dan pengarang kitab fiqh. Dengan demikian, prediket “fuqaha” yang telah disandangkan  kepadanya, bukan karena hanya penguasaannya yang mendalam terkait materi-materi ilmu fiqh, tetapi juga karena otoritas sanad yang ia pegang dalam ilmu ini, sehingga ia menjadi fuqaha yang referesentatif bagi umat Islam, khususnya di  kalangan mazhab Syafi’i.
 
This discussion reveals about sanad in the fiqh knowledge of Shaykh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi (1285-1338 AH/1864-1917 AD), one of the Nusantara (Indonesia) scholars from Java land, whose name is very fragrant and popular in the Middle East region, especially in the Mecca city. This theme is discussed with the aim to uncover something behind the veil of his name. This study is derived from his monumental work in the field of sanad entitled "Hidayah al-Mustafid li Ma ‘Ala al Asanid." After carefully carried out it was found that Shaykh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi has sanad authority in the fiqh knowledge and the other knowledges. Every fiqh knowledge he studied and fiqh books that he read to his teachers he was given a diploma accompanied by a sanad that continued to fiqh scholars and authors of fiqh books. Thus, the predicate "fuqaha" that has been attributed to him, not because only his profound mastery of the material knowledge of fiqh, but also because sanad authority that he holds in this knowledge, so he became a representative fuqaha for Muslims, especially among Shafi'i school.
Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Islam dalam Peraturan Daerah: Melacak Motivasi dan Efektifitas Perda Bernuansa Syariah di Pamekasan
Authors: Maimun Maimun , Haq Ainul
Published: March 2021

The presence of several Regional Regulations (Perda) with shari'a nuance in Pamekasan is expected to make his community more behave Islam . But the lofty desire has not been fully realized according to the ideals of its formation. This research tries to find out what exactly is behind the (motivation) of the issuing of Regional Regulations with shari'a nuance in Pamekasan, and how is the effectiveness of applying Regional Regulations  with shari'a nuance in Pamekasan . Through a qualitative - phenomenological approach with the type of field research  and descriptive  analysis  of Miles model and Huberman, it produced some findings: First, the motivation behind the establishment of Regional Regulations  with shari'a nuance was not only because of heir philosophical-sociological and juridical elements but also  the existence of motives of  identity politics integrated with  law politics . Second , the implementation of  Regional Regulations  with shari'a nuance has not been maximum  and effective in forming the behavior of  Pamekasanese society more  Islamic. Many factors that made the problem emerge, neither because of many regional regulations that their enforcement were ignored  in the field  nor because of  the  presence of the regional regulations that were contradictory with other regional regulations.Hadirnya beberapa Peraturan Daerah (perda) yang bernuansa syari’ah di Pamekasan diharapkan mampu menjadikan masyarakatnya lebih berperilaku Islâmî. Namun keinginan luhur tersebut belum sepenuhnya terwujud sesuai cita-cita pembentukannya. Penelitian ini mencoba mencari tahu apa sebenarnya yang melatarbelakangi (motivasi) terbitnya perda-perda bernuansa syari’ah di Pamekasan?, dan bagaimana efektivitas penerapan perda-perda bernuansa syari’ah di Pamekasan?. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif-fenomenologis dengan jenis penelitian lapangan, dilakukan langkah analisis deskriptif model Miles dan Huberman, dihasilkan temuan pertama bahwa motivasi di balik pembentukan perda bernuansa syari’ah di Pamekasan di samping karena adanya unsur filosofis-sosiologis dan yuridis, juga adanya motif politik identitas yang berkelindan dengan politik hukum. Kedua penerapan peraturan daerah yang bernuansa syari’ah belum maksimal dan belum efektif membentuk perilaku masyarakat Pamekasan yang lebih Islâmî, banyak factor yang menyebabkan, baik karena banyak peraturan daerah yang terabaikan penegakannya di lapangan, maupun karena kehadiran peraturan daerah tersebut yang kontra produktif dengan peraturan daerah yang lain.
Perkawinan dan Baganyi di Minangkabau: Analisis Sosiologis Kultural dalam Penyelesaian Perselisihan
Authors: Nofiardi Nofiardi
Published: March 2021

Perkawinan menurut adat Minang merupakan masalah bersama, hal ini terlihat ketika proses mencari jodoh, penjajakan pertama, peminangan, dan sampai pelaksanaan pesta. Setelah akad nikah, suami dijemput secara adat untuk tinggal di rumah isterinya, meskipun ia bukan orang Minang. Konsekuensi seperti ini, suami ibarat abu di atas tunggul yang mudah terbang ketika angin kencang datang. Ketika terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran yang sulit dicarikan jalan keluar dengan isterinya, maka kemungkinan ia meninggalkan isterinya yang disebut dengan baganyi, dan bila tidak diselesaikan bisa berujung kepada perceraian. Tidak jelasnya status isteri (digantung tidak bertali), kurangnya perhatian terhadap anak, nikah sirri dan isbat nikah merupakan dampak dari baganyi. Idealnya masalah seperti ini tidak terjadi jika fungsi keluarga besar, khususnya ninik-mamak ikut membantu mencarikan solusi, jangan hanya dalam pelaksanaan perkawinan saja yang menjadi urusan bersama, suami baganyi yang bisa berujung kepada perceraian juga menjadi urusan bersama sehingga perceraian tidak terjadi. (Marriage in Minangkabau traditional culture is a substantial way that involved many family members. It can be shown from the undergoing processes; finding the match mate, first family meeting, proposing, till to having the wedding. After the vow, the groom is picked up officially with cultural way to stay in bride’s house even if he is not a Minang poeple. This consequence makes the bride like “abu di ateh tungku” (“ash on stove”; it means, easy to be removed whenever the air comes). Furthermore, if the house in a clash and hard to be solved, it allows him to leave his wife without any divorce statement, that calls baganyi. This way causes new problems like ignoring the kids and secret marriage. This problem is not supposed to be happened if the family, especially ninik mamak has a role not only in the beginning of marriage, but also in helping to solve the household problems when it comes. Therefore, with the full role of ninik mamak in Minangkabau marriage culture not only to unite, but also to keep it together and drive away the obstacles.)
Al-Ȃtsȃr al-Mutarattibah ‘Ȃla PERPPU (Lawȃih al-Hukûmiyyah al-Badaliyyah) min al-Munazhzhamȃt al-Mujtama’iyyah raqm 2 li ‘ȃm 2017 dlidda wujûd hizb al-Tahrîr Indûnîsiyȃ min Manzhûr saddi al-dzarî’ah
Authors: Jalil Abdul , Taufiq Muhammad
Published: March 2021

تتوافق منظور القانون الدستوري الإسلامي للّدولة الموحّدة بجمهورية إندونيسيا مع مبادئ الدستور الإسلامي، لأن نظام الحكم الذي يتم إدارته قد تضمن مبادئ الدستور الإسلامي مثل المساواة والعدالة والمشاورة والحرية. ويرد المبدأ في المبادئ الخمسة ل لبنجاسيلا (Pancasila). يمكن جهود حزب التحرير اندونيسيا لتشكيل حكومة الخلافة وفقًا لنسختها في الدولة الموحدة لجمهورية إندونيسيا أن تعطل نظام الدولة وأساسها وفلسفتها، ويمكن أن تؤدي إلى تفكك الوطني، ويمكن أن تقضي على التسامح الديني الذي يعد أساسًا في إدارة الدولة الإسلامية. إن ولادة بيربو رقم 2 لعام 2017 لها آثار على إغلاق الفرص (سدّ الذريعة) لمنظمات المجتمعية التي لها تعاليم أو تفاهمات تتعارض مع بنجاسيلا تنمو في الدولة الموحّدة لجمهورية إندونيسيا، و حزب التحرير اندونيسيا هي منظمة محظورة في إندونيسيا. وفقًا للنهج اللاحق، فإن وجود حزب التحرير اندونيسيا يهدد سيادة الدولة، بحيث يقع في فئة مستوى سد الذريعة الذي ينتج عنه بعض التهديدات والمخاطر. لذلك، لتجنب الضرر، فإن البديل عن حل حزب التحرير إندونيسيا هو الخيار الصحيح الذي يجب طرحه.The perspective of Islamic constitutional law, The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is in harmony with the principles of Islamic state administration, because the system of government implemented has embraced the principles of Islamic constitution such as; al-Musâwah (equality), al-‘Adâlah (justice), al-Syûrâ (democration), al-Hurriyyah (freedom). The principle is contained in the five precepts of the Panacaila. HTI's efforts to establish a khilafah government according to its version in the Unitary Republic of Indonesia can disrupt the system, basis and philosophy of the State, can result in national disintegration, can eliminate religious tolerance which is substantially the principle in Islamic state administration. The birth of Perppu Number 2 of 2107 has implications for the closure of opportunities (Sadd al-Dzarîah) Community Organizations that have teachings or understandings contrary to Pancasila grow within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and HTI becomes a prohibited organization living in Indonesia. According to the consequentialist approach, the existence of HTI threatens the sovereignty of the State, so that being included in the category of levels of sadd al-dzarîah which has the effect of causing harm and danger therefore, to avoid alternative declarations dissolving HTI is the right choice that must be put forward.
DISKURSUS AGAMA DAN POLITIK (Menelaah Relasi Keduanya dalam Bingkai Historis Perkembangan Pemikiran Islam)
Authors: Jailani Imam Amrusi
Published: March 2021

Tarik ulur perbincangan mengenai persepsi tentang Islam apakah sebagai serangkaian ajaran-ajaran agama saja atau juga sekaligus sebagai sistem negara yang mengatur kekuasaan politik negara sebenarnya sudah mencuat ke permukaan sebagai sebuah isu sentral sejak akhir abad XIX dan awal abad XX. Persepsi tentang Islam ini amat signifikan bagi perkembangan wacana agama dan politik yang hinggi detik ini masih aktual didiskusikan. Dari perbincangan topik ini pula dilahirkan sederetan tokoh intelektual yang sempat mengisi lembaran sejarah dan menorehkan tinta emas melalui ide-ide atau konsep-konsepnya tentang agama dan negara yang sampai pada processor otak kita sekarang ini. Mereka adalah al-Mawdudi dengan konsep teo-demokrasi-nya, Imam al-Khomayni dengan konsep wilayat al-Faqih-nya, dan ‘Ali ‘Abd al-Raziq dengan konsep negara sekularnya. Pembahasan yang berorientasi pada pemikiran para intelektual muslim ini amat bermanfaat bagi kita dalam rangka reformulasi persepsi kita tentang agama dan politik agar bisa lebih aplicable dalam berwawasan keislaman dan kenegaraan.
Madzhab Fiqh dan Kedaulatan Ummat (Memahami Ikhtilâf dalam Bingkai Syarî’ah)
Authors: Tabrani Mukthi
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini berupaya memotret perbedaan pendapat (ikhtilâf) yang sarat dengan pertentangan (khilâf) dan mendudukkan keduanya dalam porsi dan proporsi yang sebenarnya, selaras dengan nafas Syarî’ah Islâm yang memandang ikhtilâf sebagai sebuah keniscayaan sejarah dan kebutuhan mendasar bagi dinamika internal sebuah ajaran yang penuh “rahmat” dan “fitrah”. Ijtihâd fuqahâ’ yang mengejawantah dalam aliran-aliran dan madzhab-madzhab fiqh, adalah tuntutan zaman yang dikukuhkan kewajibannya oleh Islâm sebagai sebuah produk persemaian ‘aqlî dan naqlî demi kemaslahatan ummat Islâm sepanjang masa.
KEWENANGAN PERADILAN AGAMA DALAM MENANGANI PERKARA WARIS SETELAH BERLAKUNYA UU NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2006
Authors: Susylawati Eka
Published: March 2021

Walaupun Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agama sudah berlaku selama hampir 17 tahun (sampai tahun 2006) pada masyarakat Muslim di Indonesia, tetapi ternyata fungsi peradilan agama dalam menangani perkara waris belumlah maksimal. Dengan berlakunya undang-undang tersebut masyarakat belum dapat mengubah perilaku dari kebiasaan berperkara di pengadilan negeri kemudian beralih ke pengadilan agama. Hal ini oleh sebagian orang dianggap lumrah karena hukum waris merupakan bagian dari hukum perdata, di mana di dalam hukum perdata terdapat azas kebebasan memilih hukum. Namun apabila hal tersebut dikaitkan dengan personalitas keislaman, maka perilaku tersebut masih jauh dari harapan. Namun hak opsi dalam waris tersebut saat ini akan sulit untuk dilakukan karena Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 mengisyaratkan pemberlakuan hukum waris Islâm dalam sengketa waris antar orang yang beragama Islâm, sehingga tidak dimungkinkan lagi pemilihan hukum waris. Hanya saja pertanyaannya sekarang, akan effektifkah berlakunya Undang-Undang tersebut nantinya.
Menerjemah Teks Ambigu Dalam Al-Qur’ân (Sebuah Upaya Memahami Konsep Ambiguitas dalam Istinbâth Hukum)
Authors: Adriana Iswah
Published: March 2021

Bahasa Arab dan al-Qur’ân merupakan dua pokok kajian yang tidak bisa terpisahkan. Jika kita mengaji teks-teks Al-Qur’ân, mau tidak mau kita akan juga berhadapan dengan bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa al-Qur’ân. Bahasa Arab dengan berbagai macam keunikan yang menjadi ciri khasnya merupakan sAllâh satu faktor kemu’jizatan al-Qur’ân. Bentuk-bentuk mufradat yang memiliki variasi makna, uslûb, dan gaya bahasanya yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan seluruh bahasa yang ada di dunia merupakan keistimewaan tersendiri yang dimilikinya. Sebagai kitab suci bagi umat Muslim, tak pelak al-Qur’ân selalu menjadi bahan kajian bagi umatnya, dalam mana dilakukan dengan cara mentransfer bahasa Arab ke dalam beragam bahasa lainnya dengan berbagai macam metode. Dalam kaitan ini, seorang penerjemah akan berhadapan dengan berbagai macam keunikan yang dimiliki bahasa Arab, di antaranya banyaknya teks-teks yang ‘bersayap’atau dalam kajian semantik disebut dengan teks-teks yang ambigu. Karenanya, pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang konsep ambiguitas merupakan modal utama dalam menerjemah teks-teks al-Qur’ân sebagai dasar  dalam melakukan istinbâth hukum.
PERSELISIHAN DAN PERTENGKARAN SEBAGAI ALASAN PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA
Authors: Susylawati Eka
Published: March 2021

Salah satu alasan yang sering dijadikan dalil oleh suami dan/atau isteri ketika mengajukan perceraian adalah bahwa antara keduanya terus menerus terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran serta tidak ada harapan untuk hidup rukun lagi dalam rumah tangga. Hal ini disebabkan ketika suami dan/atau isteri berkeinginan untuk bercerai, tetapi tidak memiliki dalil yang cukup, maka alasan perselisihan dan pertengkaran selalu dapat dipergunakan. Di pengadilan agama, alasan tersebut lazim disebut dengan syiqâq. Dalam Pasal 76 ayat 1 Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 dinyatakan bahwa dalam perkara syiqâq sebelum hakim memutuskan perkara perceraian, haruslah terlebih dahulu mendengar keterangan dari keluarga atau orang-orang terdekat dan dapat pula mengangkat hakam yang bertindak sebagai arbitrator. Praktik di pengadilan agama, pengangkatan hakam jarang dilakukan, karena pengadilan lebih sering  mencukupkan pada kesaksian dari keluarga atau kerabat terdekat. Alasan lain adalah  bahwa dengan kehadiran hakam, biasanya akan membuat proses penyelesaian perkara memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama, jika dibandingkan dengan tidak adanya hakam.
PERLINDUNGAN PASIEN (Meneropong Perjanjian Pelayanan Medik menurut Undang-undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen)
Authors: Wahyuni Elvie
Published: March 2021

Dalam hubungan antara pasien dan dokter, terdapat hubungan yang bersifat perdata dan pidana yang biasa diawali oleh perjanjian atau kontrak untuk mendapat palayanan medik. Dalam hubungan tersebut masing-masing pihak mempunyai hak dan kewajiban. Namun, hingga saat ini belum adanya undang-undang yang memberikan perlindungan atas hak-hak pasien, sehingga masih sering terjadi malpraktik di Indonesia. Karenanya, tulisan ini mengkaji sejauhmana Undang-undang No. 9 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak pasien yang juga merupakan konsumen dalam perjanjian medik yang diberikan oleh dokter. Menurut UU tersebut, pelayanan medik bisa dikategorikan sebagai pelayanan jasa, beberapa pasal dalam UU tersebut dapat dijadikan acuan, khususnya yang mengatur masalah hak dan kewajiban para pihak, yakni pasien, yang kedudukannya seperti konsumen jasa, dan dokter, yang kedudukannya seperti produsen dalam hal pelayanan jasa
HADÎTS DLA’ÎF DAN KEHUJJAHANNYA (Telaah terhadap Kontroversi Penerapan Ulama’ sebagai Sumber Hukum)
Authors: Rokhim Abdul
Published: March 2021

Hadits is the second argumentation (hujjah) source after al-Qur’ân. However, there are many hadits refused becoming as anargumentation. According to the perspective of a Hadîts whetherit is accepted or refused, it has three stages, namely shahîh,hasan, and dla’îf This article focuses on the discussion of Hadîtsdla’îf, its argumentation and also its telling. In this relationship,there are three arguments of ulama’ Hadîts related to theargument of Hadîts dla’îf . Firtsly, the argument states that Hadîtsdla’îf cannot be applied absolutely. Secondly, Hadîts dla’îf can beapplied absolutely. Thirdly, Hadîts dla’îf can be used in fadla’il alamah.In its telling, ulama hadits reminded people who tolddla’if Hadîts without sanad not to tell by redacting whichshowed full stability that it was a Hadîts.
EPISTEMOLOGI KEILMUAN HUKUM ISLAM (Sebuah Tawaran Konsep Alternatif)
Authors: Shaffat Idri
Published: March 2021

This article tries to explain about the study ofepistemological approach to the science of Islamic law,describing the definition of Islamic law, the analyticalmethods of Islamic law science, and the procedures toanalyze the study of Islamic law science. The analyticalmethods of Islamic law science elucidated in this article arein accordance with deductive-coherence method, inductivecorrespondencemethod, phenomenological method, as wellas functional-structural method. While the procedures toanalyze the study of Islamic law science conducted withthree approach that are taxonomy analysis, competencyanalysis, and information processing. Through the analyticalmethods and the procedures of the study of Islamic lawscience, it is expected that the science of Islamic lawepistemologically can be developed as long as the growth ofscience and technology.
RAGAM KONTROVERSI DALAM KAJIAN HISAB-RU’YAH
Authors: Achmad Mulyadi Achmad Mulyadi
Published: March 2021

Abstract: In falak study, hisab and ru’yah seems the two key terms that must be keyed to each other. Hilâl observation relies on the basis of astronomy computation. In fact, the accuracy of hisab method should be approved through the use of hilâl observation. However, the study arises various controvercy that cannot be denied. The controvercy of hisab inter-study results the application criteria. Furthermore, the the controvercy of ru’yah argues its effective if it is based on global ru’yah or the local one. The artical is about deeply to eleborate that various controvercies and its today’s existency.   Key Words: ru’yah, hisab, wujûd al-hilâl, imkân al-ru’yah dan matla’
PERBANDINGAN AKUNTANSI MUDLÂRABAH MUTHLAQAH DAN MUSYTARAKAH DALAM PERBANKAN SYARI’AH
Authors: Sri Handayani Sri Handayani
Published: March 2021

Abstract: In business, transaction records is very important. An accurate accounting record displays the true description of a business, nevertheless, it must anticipate a public norm. It has been stated on the Holy Quran at verse of al-Baqarah (2): 282 that the command of adminstration order, and transparancy, have been repeated for about five times. This is about to clarify how the accounting treatment of mudlârabah muthlaqah and mudlârabah musytarakah must be written. The both have a distinctive caharacters that must be separated to each other to figure out the correct portion of devidend based on the applied agreement. Mudlârabah muthlaqah is a mudlârabah-base management, the investor gives an authority in financial management. Meanwhile, mudlârabah musyatarakah has been the combination of mudlârabah and musyarakah   Key Words: Akuntansi, mudlârabah, mudlârabah mutlaqah, dan mudlârabah musytarakah
MENYOAL KONSEP MURÂBAHAH DAN BAY’ BI TSAMAN ‘AJIL DALAM PERBANKAN ISLÂM
Authors: Holis Rahbini Holis Rahbini
Published: March 2021

Abstract: In Indonesia,  Syarî’ah banking is not genuinely born from the “womb” of Islam. However, it is the result of the interference of western system and converted from conventional bank. This article is to describe the terms of Murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ’ajil conceptually and substantially. In fiqh, the term of murabahah and  bay’ bi tsaman ‘ajil are derived from the word bay’ (purchase and sale), yet the term seems ambiguous from the perspective of product of banking. Consequently, it turns up a doubtful concept if it matches conceptual and substantial term. Theoretical concept of murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ‘ajil is not as simple as the practical one. The practical apllication of murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ‘ajil is in a dilemma: firstly, in Islamic banking murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ‘ajil function as financial facilitator not a finacial vendor. This is alike to conventional banking. Secondly, in the transaction of murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ‘ajil, the credit system appears, unfortunately, it refers to the rate of interest. Key Words: Murâbahah, bay’ bi tsanam ’ajil, bunga, dan bank konvensional
REKONSTRUKSI MAQÂSHID AL-SYARÎ’AH (Sebuah Gagasan Hasan Hanafi tentang Revitalisasi Turâts)
Authors: Moh. Hefni Moh. Hefni
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Dalam pergulatan wacana keagamaan kontemporer, isu maqâshid al-syarî'ah banyak dihembuskan oleh kalangan liberal sebagai sebuah simbol perlawanan atas kian teguhnya keberpihakan pada dominasi fiqih klasik yang dalam banyak hal telah gagal melampaui jamannya. Salah seorang pemikir kontemporer yang mengusung program rekonstruksi kebudayaan yang membebaskan adalah Hasan Hanafi. Ia ingin mereformasi pemikiran Islam dengan melakukan revitalisasi terhadap turâts (tradisi) klasik dan mere-konstruksinya sehingga tidak usang dan menjadi ramah terhadap kondisi kontemporer. Di bidang hukum Islam, Hanafi melakukan rekonstruksi atas maqâshid al-syarî'ah melalui reformasi linguistik. Hasilnya, hifzh al-nafs dimaknai sebagai menjaga kelestarian umat dari ancaman yang  datang baik dari dalam negeri ataupun luar negeri, hifzh al-’aql diaritikan menggalakkan rasioanalitas, pendidikan, dan memerangi kebodohan, hifzh al-dîn dimaknai sebagai memberi kebebasan beragama kepada pemeluk agama untuk meyakini dan melaksanan ajaran agamanya, hifzh al-’irdl berarti menjaga harga diri umat dan negara baik dari  penjajahan maupun tekanan pihak luar, dan kelima hifzh al-mâl adalah melindungi sumber daya alam negara dan memanfaatkannya demi kepentingan rakyat. Implementasi maqâshid al-syarî’ah tersebut menjadi kewajiban negara.   Kata Kunci: Hasan Hanafi, maqâshid al-syarî’ah, turâts, rekonstruksi, negara
PERGESERAN RELASI ORANG TUA DAN ANAK DALAM PERKARA HUKUM WALI ADLAL
Authors: Musawwamah Siti
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang problemarelasional orangtua dan anak dalam perkara-hukum wali adlal.Problema yang bernuansa kekeluargaan ini menjadi dilematikkarena kedua pihak saling bersikukuh untuk memertahankankehendaknya masing-masing yang diklaim sebagai hakasasinya. Orangtua “merasa” memiliki otoritas dalammenentukan jodoh untuk anaknya karena diyakini hak ijbar adapadanya. Sedangkan anak juga merasa memiki hak pilihdan/atau hak menentukan jodoh untuk dirinya yang diyakinisebagai hak dasarnya. Persoalan itu seringkali berlanjut menjadiperkara-hukum yang kemudian harus diselesaikan melaluipengadilan agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengeksplorasi dan mengeksplanasi latar belakang pengajuanperkara-hukum wali adlal, pelaksanaan persidangan perkarahukumwali adlal, dan putusan majelis hakim tentang perkarahukumwali adlal di pengadilan agama. Dengan menggunakanpendekatan hukum normatif dan teknik evaluative ex-post facto,penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan berupa proposisi empiriksebagai dasar perumusan teori substantif, yaitu pengajuanperkara-hukum wali adlal merupakan problema yuridis formalpergeseran relasional orangtua dan anak.