bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baseline ctDNA gene alterations as a biomarker of survival after panitumumab and chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Shitara Kohei , Muro Kei , Watanabe Jun , Yamazaki Kentaro , Ohori Hisatsugu , Shiozawa Manabu , Takashima Atsuo , Yokota Mitsuru , Makiyama Akitaka , Akazawa Naoya , Ojima Hitoshi , Yuasa Yasuhiro , Miwa Keisuke , Yasui Hirofumi , Oki Eiji , Sato Takeo , Naitoh Takeshi , Komatsu Yoshito , Kato Takeshi , Mori Ikuo , Yamanaka Kazunori , Hihara Masamitsu , Soeda Junpei , Misumi Toshihiro , Yamamoto Kouji , Yamashita Riu , Akagi Kiwamu , Ochiai Atsushi , Uetake Hiroyuki , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Yoshino Takayuki
Published: February 2024

Certain genetic alterations and right-sided primary tumor location are associated with resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor (EGFR) treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The phase 3 PARADIGM trial (n = 802) demonstrated longer overall survival with first-line anti-EGFR (panitumumab) versus antivascular endothelial growth factor (bevacizumab) plus modified FOLFOX6 in patients with RAS wild-type mCRC with left-sided primary tumors. This prespecified exploratory biomarker analysis of PARADIGM (n = 733) evaluated the association between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) gene alterations and efficacy outcomes, focusing on a broad panel of gene alterations associated with resistance to EGFR inhibition, including KRAS, NRAS,PTEN and extracellular domain EGFR mutations, HER2 and MET amplifications, and ALK, RET and NTRK1 fusions. Overall survival was prolonged with panitumumab plus modified FOLFOX6 versus bevacizumab plus modified FOLFOX6 in patients with ctDNA that lacked gene alterations in the panel (that is, negative hyperselected; median in the overall population: 40.7 versus 34.4 months; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.92) but was similar or inferior with panitumumab in patients with ctDNA that contained any gene alteration in the panel (19.2 versus 22.2 months; hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–1.53), regardless of tumor sidedness. Negative hyperselection using ctDNA may guide optimal treatment selection in patients with mCRC. ClinicalTrials.gov registrations: NCT02394834 and NCT02394795.
Protein destabilization underlies pathogenic missense mutations in ARID1B
Authors: Mermet-Meillon Fanny , Mercan Samuele , Bauer-Probst Beatrice , Allard Cyril , Bleu Melusine , Calkins Keith , Knehr Judith , Altorfer Marc , Naumann Ulrike , Sprouffske Kathleen , Barys Louise , Sesterhenn Fabian , Galli Giorgio G.
Published: February 2024

ARID1B is a SWI/SNF subunit frequently mutated in human Coffin–Siris syndrome (CSS) and it is necessary for proliferation of ARID1A mutant cancers. While most CSS ARID1B aberrations introduce frameshifts or stop codons, the functional consequence of missense mutations found in ARID1B is unclear. We here perform saturated mutagenesis screens on ARID1B and demonstrate that protein destabilization is the main mechanism associated with pathogenic missense mutations in patients with Coffin–Siris Syndrome.
Aqueous humor TGFβ and fibrillin-1 in Tsk mice reveal clues to POAG pathogenesis
Authors: Tan James C. , Ko MinHee K. , Woo Jeong-Im , Lu Kenneth L. , Kelber Jonathan A.
Published: February 2024

Aqueous humor (AH) and blood levels of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) are elevated in idiopathic primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) representing a disease biomarker of unclear status and function. Tsk mice display a POAG phenotype and harbor a mutation of fibrillin-1, an important regulator of TGFβ bioavailability. AH TGFβ2 was higher in Tsk than wild-type (WT) mice (by 34%; p = 0.002; ELISA); similarly, AH TGFβ2 was higher in human POAG than controls (2.7-fold; p = 0.00005). As in POAG, TGFβ1 was elevated in Tsk serum (p = 0.01). Fibrillin-1 was detected in AH from POAG subjects and Tsk mice where both had similar levels relative to controls (p = 0.45). 350 kDa immunoblot bands representing WT full-length fibrillin-1 were present in human and mouse AH. A 418 kDa band representing mutant full-length fibrillin-1 was present only in Tsk mice. Lower molecular weight fibrillin-1 antibody-reactive bands were present in similar patterns in humans and mice. Certain bands (130 and 32 kDa) were elevated only in human POAG and Tsk mice (p ≤ 0.04 relative to controls) indicating discrete isoforms relevant to disease. In addition to sharing a phenotype, Tsk mice and human POAG subjects had common TGFβ and fibrillin-1 features in AH and also blood that are pertinent to understanding glaucoma pathogenesis.
Maximizing solar radiations of PV panels using artificial gorilla troops reinforced by experimental investigations
Authors: Abdelaal Ashraf K. , Alhamahmy Amira I. A. , Attia Hossam El Deen , El-Fergany Attia A.
Published: February 2024

This article's main objective is to maximize solar radiations (SRs) through the use of the gorilla troop algorithm (GTA) for identifying the optimal tilt angle (OTA) for photovoltaic (PV) panels. This is done in conjunction with an experimental work that consists of three 100 W PV panels tilted at three different tilt angles (TAs). The 28°, 30°, and 50° are the three TAs. The experimental data are collected every day for 181-day and revealed that the TA of 28° is superior to those of 50° and 30°. The GTA calculated the OTA to be 28.445°, which agrees with the experimental results, which show a TA of 28°. The SR of the 28o TA is 59.3% greater than that of the 50° TA and 4.5% higher than that of the 30° TA. Recent methods are used to compare the GTA with the other nine metaheuristics (MHTs)—the genetic algorithm, particle swarm, harmony search, ant colony, cuckoo search, bee colony, fire fly, grey wolf, and coronavirus disease optimizers—in order to figure out the optimal OTA. The OTA is calculated by the majority of the nine MHTs to be 28.445°, which is the same as the GTA and confirms the experimental effort. In only 181-day, the by experimentation it may be documented SR difference between the TAs of 28° and 50° TA is 159.3%. Numerous performance metrics are used to demonstrate the GTA's viability, and it is contrasted with other recent optimizers that are in competition.
Research and design of internal meshing gear pump separating crescent plate
Authors: Guo Shanxin , Yu Guangchi
Published: February 2024

The design of the crescent block is a key factor in the high-pressure operation of the internal meshing gear pump. In order to increase the output pressure of the pump, this article designs a new type of separable crescent plate. Then, taking a certain type of high-pressure internal meshing gear pump as the research object, a nonlinear differential equation for the internal flow field of the gear pump was established, and the pressure distribution law in the transition zone of a cycle was derived. A mathematical model of the device was established based on the equilibrium conditions of the internal and external crescent block forces. Finally, experimental research was conducted on the design parameters of the separation crescent plate. The results showed that under the conditions of displacement of 100.5 ml/r, pressure of 20.5 MPa, and rotational speed of 1800 RPM, the compensation chamber angle range was 31.23°, and the pump's volumetric efficiency could reach 94.6%. There were no abnormal phenomena during the entire operation of the pump, and there was no jamming or jamming of the friction pair.
Transitioning solidification mode via electroplated Ni coatings in martensitic stainless steel resistance spot welds: new insights into fabricating tough microstructure
Authors: Aghajani Hamidreza , Balajaddeh Milad Bahrami , Pouranvari Majid
Published: February 2024

The present study addresses the enhancement of fracture toughness of martensitic stainless steel (MSS) spot welds by utilizing through electroplating of Ni on MSS sheets. The equilibrium and non-equilibrium solidification modelling showed that by Ni coating with 50 μm thick on 1.5 mm thick MSSs, the solidification mode changes from δ-ferrite to γ-austenite, leading to a weld nugget (WN) dominated by austenite grains. Moreover, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) showed that the other phases (martensite, δ-ferrite) appeared in band areas of WN owing to incomplete mixing of MSS and the Ni-coating. The tough microstructure in the Ni-coated MSS spot welds provided superior mechanical properties compared to non-coated welds, both in cross-tension (CT) and tensile-shear (TS) tests. Notably, the TS and CT strengths of the Ni-coated MSS spot welds showed a remarkable increase of 57% and 127%, respectively, in comparison to the conventional bare MSS spot welds. Furthermore, in terms of failure energy, the Ni-coated MSS spot welds demonstrated a substantial enhancement of 296% in TS and 520% in CT, when compared to their non-coated counterparts. This research study showcased the effectiveness of Ni electroplating as an industrial method for improving the spot weldability of MSSs.
Detection and isolation of wormhole nodes in wireless ad hoc networks based on post-wormhole actions
Authors: Bhatti David Samuel , Saleem Shahzad , Imran Azhar , Kim Hyeon Jeong , Kim Ki-Il , Lee Kyu-Chul
Published: February 2024

The wormhole attack is one of the most treacherous attacks projected at the routing layer that can bypass cryptographic measures and derail the entire communication network. It is too difficult to prevent a priori; all the possible countermeasures are either too expensive or ineffective. Indeed, literature solutions either require expensive hardware (typically UWB or secure GPS transceivers) or pose specific constraints to the adversarial behavior (doing or not doing a suspicious action). The proposed solution belongs to the second category because the adversary is assumed to have done one or more known suspicious actions. In this solution, we adopt a heuristic approach to detect wormholes in ad hoc networks based on the detection of their illicit behaviors. Wormhole and post wormhole attacks are often confused in literature; that’s why we clearly state that our methodology does not provide a defence against wormholes, but rather against the actions that an adversary does after the wormhole, such as packet dropping, tampering with TTL, replaying and looping, etc. In terms of contributions, the proposed solution addresses the knock-out capability of attackers that is less targeted by the researcher’s community. In addition, it neither requires any additional hardware nor a change in it; instead, it is compatible with the existing network stack. The idea is simulated in ns2.30, and the average detection rate of the proposed solution is found to be 98-99%. The theoretical time to detect a wormhole node lies between 0.07-0.71 seconds. But, from the simulation, the average detection and isolation time is 0.67 seconds. In term of packet loss, the proposed solution has a relatively overhead of$$\approx$$≈22%. It works well in static and mobile scenarios, but the frame losses are higher in mobile scenarios as compared to static ones. The computational complexity of the solution isO(n). Simulation results advocate that the solution is effective in terms of memory, processing, bandwidth, and energy cost. The solution is validated using statistical parameters such as Accuracy, Precision, F1-Score and Matthews correlation coefficient ($$M_{cc}$$Mcc).
Functional coupling between auditory memory and verbal transformations
Authors: Kondo Hirohito M. , Hasegawa Ryuju , Ezaki Takahiro , Sakata Honami , Ho Hao Tam
Published: February 2024

The ability to parse sound mixtures into coherent auditory objects is fundamental to cognitive functions, such as speech comprehension and language acquisition. Yet, we still lack a clear understanding of how auditory objects are formed. To address this question, we studied a speech-specific case of perceptual multistability, called verbal transformations (VTs), in which a variety of verbal forms is induced by continuous repetition of a physically unchanging word. Here, we investigated the degree to which auditory memory through sensory adaptation influences VTs. Specifically, we hypothesized that when memory persistence is longer, participants are able to retain the current verbal form longer, resulting in sensory adaptation, which in turn, affects auditory perception. Participants performed VT and auditory memory tasks on different days. In the VT task, Japanese participants continuously reported their perception while listening to a Japanese word (2- or 3-mora in length) played repeatedly for 5 min. In the auditory memory task, a different sequence of three morae, e.g., /ka/, /hi/, and /su/, was presented to each ear simultaneously. After some period (0–4 s), participants were visually cued to recall one of the sequences, i.e., in the left or right ear. We found that delayed recall accuracy was negatively correlated with the number of VTs, particularly under 2-mora conditions. This suggests that memory persistence is important for formation and selection of perceptual objects.
A dynamic visualization clinical tool constructed and validated based on the SEER database for screening the optimal surgical candidates for bone metastasis in primary kidney cancer
Authors: Jiang Liming , Tong Yuexin , Wang Jun , Jiang Jiajia , Gong Yan , Zhu Dejin , Zheng Linyang , Zhao Dongxu
Published: February 2024

The implementation of primary tumor resection (PTR) in the treatment of kidney cancer patients (KC) with bone metastases (BM) has been controversial. This study aims to construct the first tool that can accurately predict the likelihood of PTR benefit in KC patients with BM (KCBM) and select the optimal surgical candidates. This study acquired data on all patients diagnosed with KCBM during 2010–2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to achieve balanced matching of PTR and non-PTR groups to eliminate selection bias and confounding factors. The median overall survival (OS) of the non-PTR group was used as the threshold to categorize the PTR group into PTR-beneficial and PTR-Nonbeneficial subgroups. Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival analysis was used for comparison of survival differences and median OS between groups. Risk factors associated with PTR-beneficial were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to validate the predictive performance and clinical utility of the nomogram. Ultimately, 1963 KCBM patients meeting screening criteria were recruited. Of these, 962 patients received PTR and the remaining 1061 patients did not receive PTR. After 1:1 PSM, there were 308 patients in both PTR and non-PTR groups. The K–M survival analysis results showed noteworthy survival disparities between PTR and non-PTR groups, both before and after PSM (p < 0.001). In the logistic regression results of the PTR group, histological type, T/N stage and lung metastasis were shown to be independent risk factors associated with PTR-beneficial. The web-based nomogram allows clinicians to enter risk variables directly and quickly obtain PTR beneficial probabilities. The validation results showed the excellent predictive performance and clinical utility of the nomograms for accurate screening of optimal surgical candidates for KCBM. This study constructed an easy-to-use nomogram based on conventional clinicopathologic variables to accurately select the optimal surgical candidates for KCBM patients.
Post-extubation dysphagia in pediatric trauma patients: a single-center case-series study
Authors: Yogo Naoki , Abe Takeru , Kano Kyoko , Muto Yuichiro , Kiyonaga Sachi , Hirai Katsuki
Published: February 2024

We aimed to investigate whether ventilator support time influences the occurrence of dysphagia in pediatric trauma patients. This case-series study was conducted in a single pediatric emergency and critical care center from April 2012 to March 2022. Trauma patients aged < 16 years who underwent tracheal intubation were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of dysphagia within 72 h after extubation, and their data were analyzed. Tracheal intubation was performed in 75 pediatric trauma patients, and 53 of them were included in the analysis. A total of 22 patients had post-extubation dysphagia and head trauma. The dysphagia group tended to have more severe head injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 4 [4–5] vs. 4 [0–4]; p < 0.05), a longer ventilator support time (7 days [4–11] vs. 1 day [1–2.5]; p < 0.05), and a longer length of hospital stay (27 days [18.0–40.3] vs. 11 days [10.0–21.0]; p < 0.05). Severe head trauma and a long duration of tracheal intubation may be risk factors for dysphagia in pediatric trauma patients. Therefore, early recognition of these risk factors could assist in treatment planning for speech-language pathologist intervention and nutritional routes of administration.
Avialan-like brain morphology in Sinovenator (Troodontidae, Theropoda)
Authors: Yu Congyu , Watanabe Akinobu , Qin Zichuan , Logan King J. , Witmer Lawrence M. , Ma Qingyu , Xu Xing
Published: February 2024

Many modifications to the skull and brain anatomy occurred along the lineage encompassing non-avialan theropod dinosaurs and modern birds. Anatomical changes to the endocranium include an enlarged endocranial cavity, relatively larger optic lobes that imply elevated visual acuity, and proportionately smaller olfactory bulbs that suggest reduced olfactory capacity. Here, we use micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging to reconstruct the endocranium and its neuroanatomical features from an exceptionally well-preserved skull of Sinovenator changii (Troodontidae, Theropoda). While its overall morphology resembles the typical endocranium of other troodontids, Sinovenator also exhibits unique endocranial features that are similar to other paravian taxa and non-maniraptoran theropods. Landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis on endocranial shape of non-avialan and avialan dinosaurs points to the overall brain morphology of Sinovenator most closely resembling that of Archaeopteryx, thus indicating acquisition of avialan-grade brain morphology in troodontids and wide existence of such architecture in Maniraptora.
Immunogenetic-pathogen networks shrink in Tome’s spiny rat, a generalist rodent inhabiting disturbed landscapes
Authors: Fleischer Ramona , Eibner Georg Joachim , Schwensow Nina Isabell , Pirzer Fabian , Paraskevopoulou Sofia , Mayer Gerd , Corman Victor Max , Drosten Christian , Wilhelm Kerstin , Heni Alexander Christoph , Sommer Simone , Schmid Dominik Werner
Published: February 2024

Anthropogenic disturbance may increase the emergence of zoonoses. Especially generalists that cope with disturbance and live in close contact with humans and livestock may become reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Yet, whether anthropogenic disturbance modifies host-pathogen co-evolutionary relationships in generalists is unknown. We assessed pathogen diversity, neutral genome-wide diversity (SNPs) and adaptive MHC class II diversity in a rodent generalist inhabiting three lowland rainforest landscapes with varying anthropogenic disturbance, and determined which MHC alleles co-occurred more frequently with 13 gastrointestinal nematodes, blood trypanosomes, and four viruses. Pathogen-specific selection pressures varied between landscapes. Genome-wide diversity declined with the degree of disturbance, while MHC diversity was only reduced in the most disturbed landscape. Furthermore, pristine forest landscapes had more functional important MHC–pathogen associations when compared to disturbed forests. We show co-evolutionary links between host and pathogens impoverished in human-disturbed landscapes. This underscores that parasite-mediated selection might change even in generalist species following human disturbance which in turn may facilitate host switching and the emergence of zoonoses.
The complexity of pluralistic ignorance in Republican climate change policy support in the United States
Authors: Dixon Graham , Clarke Christopher , Jacquet Jeffrey , Evensen Darrick T. N. , Hart P. Sol
Published: February 2024

Most Americans fail to recognize widespread public support for climate change action. Here we investigate how this phenomenon differs for Republican supporters versus opponents of several climate change policies. Surveying a representative sample of Republican voters (N = 1000), we find that misperception of in-group support for climate action is primarily restricted to Republicans already opposed to action. Specifically, those in the minority (i.e., Republicans opposed to climate action) were more likely to erroneously perceive other Republicans as holding views on climate change policy similar to their own. While Republican supporters recognize that most Republicans support climate change policy, they may be discouraged from expressing their support due to an information environment disproportionately portraying Republicans as opposed to climate change action.
Activating nickel foam with trace titanium oxide for enhanced water oxidation
Authors: Xie Jia-Fang , Li Ding , Huo Hui-Wen , Huang Yi-Yin , Wu Peng , Zhao Quan-Bao , Zheng Yu-Ming
Published: February 2024

Trace TiO2 deposition enhanced the generation of highly active Ni species on Ni foam for water oxidation of high activity and stability.
Dual space divergence in small molecule quasiracemates: benzoyl leucine and phenylalanine assemblies
Authors: Koch Katelyn N. , Teo Aaron J. , Wheeler Kraig A.
Published: February 2024

Small molecule quasiracemates developed with two points of structural difference were prepared using benzoyl leucine and phenylalanine molecular frameworks and CH3/Cl or H/CF3 pendant groups.
Predictions of delafossite-hosted honeycomb and kagome phases
Authors: Krogel Jaron T. , Ichibha Tomohiro , Saritas Kayahan , Yoon Mina , Reboredo Fernando A.
Published: February 2024

Delafossites (ABO2) are a class of layered materials with triangular A and B sub-lattices. Via high-throughput ab initio calculations over a wide range of delafossites, we identify delafossites that preferentially admit guest species in honeycomb or kagome arrangements to form new ternary compounds.
Noble gas hydrides: theoretical prediction of the first group of anionic species
Authors: Borocci Stefano , Cecchi Patrizio , Grandinetti Felice , Sanna Nico , Zazza Costantino
Published: February 2024

The HNgBeO− species are the first predicted examples of noble-gas anions featuring Ng–H bonds.
Simultaneous improvement of martensitic phase transition and ductility in Cu-doped and/or alloyed all-d-metal Ni2MnTa Heusler compounds
Authors: Li Guijiang , Xu Lei , Cao Zhenhua
Published: February 2024

Ductile all-d-metal Heusler compounds with tunable martensitic phase transition are desirable for solid-state refrigeration applications.
Multifunctional dual-interface layer enables efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Chaofeng , Guo Yi , Liu Shuang , Huang Jiajia , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Jing , Hu Ziyang , Zhu Yuejin , Huang Like
Published: February 2024

Upon PFN-Br&3-PyAI optimization, PTAA-based PSCs achieved an impressive efficiency of 22.07% (1 sun, AM 1.5) with a high photovoltage of ∼1.11 V and fill factor of over 80%.
Stoichiometric reaction and catalytic effect of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in urethane formation
Authors: Waleed Hadeer Q. , Hadjadj Rachid , Viskolcz Béla , Fiser Béla
Published: February 2024

A computational study of the stoichiometric reaction and catalytic effect of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA) in urethane formation was performed.
Giant dielectric response and relaxation behavior of Bi3+/W6+ co-doped TiO2 ceramics
Authors: Yang Guoyan , Peng Zhanhui , Liu Huan , Wu Di , Liang Pengfei , Wei Linling , Chao Xiaolian , Yang Zupei
Published: February 2024

The schematic diagram for improving dielectric performances and exploring mechanisms.
A dinuclear CdII cluster-based stable luminescent metal–organic framework for the consecutive and visual detection of H2PO4− and OCN−
Authors: Lu Na , Wang Li , Zheng Teng-Fei , Peng Yan , Liu Sui-Jun , Wen He-Rui
Published: February 2024

JXUST-47 with good stability can be used as a dual-response sensor for H2PO4−/OCN− by fluorescence quenching and shift effects. JXUST-47 has certain reference significance for sensing ion concentrations.
Mapping the distribution of electronic states within the 5D4 and 7F6 levels of Tb3+ complexes with optical spectroscopy
Authors: Kofod Nicolaj , Henrichsen Margrete Juel , Sørensen Thomas Just
Published: February 2024

We show that the emitting 5D4 level in Tb(iii) luminescence can be mapped using high resolution optical spectroscopy.
Readily available Ti-based in situ catalytic system for oxo/imido heterometathesis
Authors: Rumyantsev Andrey V. , Bushkov Nikolai S. , Ryzhikova Margarita A. , Zhizhin Anton A. , Takazova Rina U. , Talanova Valeria N. , Gutsul Evgenii I. , Novikov Roman A. , Zhizhko Pavel A. , Zarubin Dmitry N.
Published: February 2024

The activation of silica-supported Ti(NEt2)4 with anilines gives an efficient, versatile and readily accessible oxo/imido heterometathesis catalyst.
Covalent triazine-based frameworks – switching selectivity in HMF photooxidation
Authors: Ditz Daniel , Sackers Nina M. , Müller Felix , Zobel Mirijam , Bergwinkl Sebastian , Nuernberger Patrick , Häser Leonie Sophie , Brettschneider Sarah , Wisser Florian M. , Bannwarth Christoph , Palkovits Regina
Published: February 2024

Switching the HMF photooxidation pathway is possible by tailoring the CTF photocatalyst.
A modeling framework to identify environmentally greener and lower-cost pathways of nanomaterials
Authors: Lan Kai , Wang Hannah Szu-Han , Lee Tessa , de Assis Camilla Abbati , Venditti Richard A. , Zhu Yong , Yao Yuan
Published: February 2024

A framework integrating life cycle assessment, Green Chemistry, and techno-economic analysis to identify cost-effective, greener pathways for nanomaterial production, demonstrated with cellulose nanomaterials.
Electron-rich Pt anchored on covalent triazine frameworks for the selective hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzenes
Authors: Gao Mengmeng , Kou Jinfang , Xu Manhua , Yuan Kun , Li Mengyang , Dong Zhengping
Published: February 2024

Ultrafine Pt nanoparticles were successfully anchored on a polyimide-based covalent triazine framework for the selective hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzenes and tandem hydrogenation-coupling reaction to halogenated secondary amines.
A miniprotein receptor electrochemical biosensor chip based on quantum dots
Authors: Zhao Yunong , Han Juan , Huang Jing , Huang Qing , Tao Yanbing , Gu Ruiqin , Li Hua-Yao , Zhang Yang , Zhang Houjin , Liu Huan
Published: February 2024

We developed an on-chip laboratory for biomolecule interactions and kinetics analysis based on the three-electrode and high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) chip platform.
La/Fe bimetallic MOF-derived p-LaFeO3/n-CdS heterojunction: efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants and adsorption isotherms
Authors: Athar Mohammad Saud , Khan Azam , Ahmad Iftekhar , Muneer Mohammad
Published: February 2024

Designing efficient catalysts with strong redox characteristics and high visible light absorption in the field of photocatalysis.
pH-manipulated large-scale synthesis of Na3(VOPO4)2F at low temperature for practical application in sodium ion batteries
Authors: Li Lianjie , Fan Junjie , Chen Hao , Liu Hui , Li Qiulin , Xian Changpeng , Wu Jin , Qi Yuruo , Xu Maowen
Published: February 2024

Na3(VOPO4)2F (NVOPF) is an ideal cathode for high-energy-density sodium ion batteries (SIBs), due to its impressive output voltage and stable structure.
Stability, biofunctional, and antimicrobial characteristics of cannabidiol isolate for the design of topical formulations
Authors: Kesavan Pillai Sreejarani , Hassan Kera Nazia , Kleyi Phumelele , de Beer Marinda , Magwaza Matin , Ray Suprakas Sinha
Published: February 2024

Cannabidiol's stability and functional properties were investigated. The phytocannabinoid showed excellent antioxidant, anti-collagenase properties along with antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacterial and fungal species which suggest opportunities as an ingredient in topical products.
Pinching dynamics, extensional rheology, and stringiness of saliva substitutes
Authors: Al Zahabi Karim , Hassan Lena , Maldonado Ramiro , Boehm Michael W. , Baier Stefan K. , Sharma Vivek
Published: February 2024

Saliva's response to extensional flows determine bolus cohesion during swallowing, growth of spit bubbles, stringiness observed during drooling or licking, and the size of drops released by coughing, singing, sneezing, or speaking.
Surfactant-induced alterations in optoelectronic properties of perylene diimide dyes: modulating sensing responses in the aqueous environment
Authors: Pal Animesh , Dey Nilanjan
Published: February 2024

The compartmentalization effect of microheterogeneous systems, like surfactant aggregates, showcases altered optoelectronic properties of a perylene diimide-based chromogenic dye (PDI-Ala) compared to bulk water.
Directional actuation and phase transition-like behavior in anisotropic networks of responsive microfibers
Authors: Ziv Sharabani Shiran , Livnat Elad , Abuchalja Maia , Haphiloni Noa , Edelstein-Pardo Nicole , Reuveni Tomer , Molco Maya , Sitt Amit
Published: February 2024

Anisotropic shape-morphing networks of thermoresponsive polymeric microfibers can be designed for directional actuation. Upon swelling, the fibers either extend or buckle, leading to a Landau-like phase transition in the morphing behavior.
Understanding the modulation mechanism of B-site doping on the thermochemical properties of CaMnO3−δ: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Ning Zeyu , Gan Shengchi , Xu Haoran , Gu Changdong , Zhu Peiwang , Zhou Jinsong , Xiao Gang
Published: February 2024

Cr and Fe doping disrupts the electronegativity and bond energy balance of CaMnO3, creating different active sites and enhancing the reactivity. Bond energy calculations allow the prediction of reaction temperature and reaction enthalpy.
Bacterial pseudaminic acid binding to Siglec-10 induces a macrophage interleukin-10 response and suppresses phagocytosis
Authors: Lee I-Ming , Wu Hsing-Yu , Angata Takashi , Wu Shih-Hsiung
Published: February 2024

The interaction between pseudaminic acid (Pse) on pathogenic bacteria exopolysaccharide and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (Siglec)-10 receptor on macrophages induces interleukin 10 (IL-10) release to suppress phagocytosis.
Visible-light-driven EDA complex-promoted cascade cyclization to construct 4-cyanoalkyl isoquinoline-1,3-diones
Authors: Zhang Dong-Liang , Le Zhang-Gao , Li Qing , Xie Zong-Bo , Yang Wen-Wen , Zhu Zhi-Qiang
Published: February 2024

Visible-light-driven EDA complex-promoted ring-opening of cycloketone oxime esters to synthesise various 4-cyanoalkylated isoquinoline-1,3-diones with acryloylbenzamides was developed.
Odd–even effects in aryl-substituted alkanethiolate SAMs: nonsymmetrical attachment of aryl unit and its impact on the SAM structure
Authors: Azzam Waleed , Subaihi Abdu , Rohwerder Michael , Bashir Asif , Terfort Andreas , Zharnikov Michael
Published: February 2024

Due to non-symmetric attachment of the anthracene unit to the alkanethiolate linker, the respective monolayers on Au(111) exhibit low extent of the odd–even effects and distinct polymorphism, showing, at the same time, high structural order.
Adventures in interdisciplinary science: a half century at the nexus between chemistry, physics and biology
Authors: Herzfeld Judith
Published: February 2024

A look back over five decades of research.
Dial-a-base mechanochemical synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene copper complexes
Authors: Babula Dawid J. , Charman Rex S. C. , Hobson Josie A. , Mahon Mary F. , Liptrot David J.
Published: February 2024

Ball milling of 5-, 6-, and 7-membered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) salts, copper(i) chloride and alkali metal bases including alkoxides, amides, and organolithium produces to 12 NHC-copper complexes in moderate to good yields.
Nitrogen-doped carbon dots as acid–base bifunctional and efficient catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides
Authors: Yu Jinfa , Sun Xiangying
Published: February 2024

The developed new catalytic system NCDs-3/KI showed outstanding transformation (99%) of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one for styrene oxide at 100 °C and 0.1 MPa in 3 h and solvent-free conditions.
Foaming photothermal inks for direct-ink writing: hierarchical design and enhanced solar-powered interfacial evaporation
Authors: Gao Jie , Shao Ke , Li Jingjing , Li Na , Wang Shuxue , Wu Xiaochun , Murto Petri , Wang Zhihang , Zhou Yingtang , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: February 2024

Monolithic and robust 3D matrices are constructed through the direct-ink writing technique employing “foaming” photothermal inks, and demonstrate for efficient and economical solar evaporation and desalination.
Cubic and hexagonal boron nitride phases and phase boundaries
Authors: Biswas Abhijit , Alvarez Gustavo A. , Tripathi Manoj , Lee Jonghoon , Pieshkov Tymofii S. , Li Chenxi , Gao Bin , Puthirath Anand B. , Zhang Xiang , Gray Tia , Elkins Jacob , Vajtai Robert , Dai Pengcheng , Birdwell A. Glen , Neupane Mahesh R. , Ivanov Tony , Garratt Elias J. , Pate Bradford B. , Roy Ajit K. , Dalton Alan , Tian Zhiting , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: February 2024

We used temperature-dependent spark plasma sintering to induce phase transformations of metastable 3D c-BN to mixed-phase 3D/2D c-BN/h-BN and ultimately to the stable 2D h-BN phase at high temperature, useful for extreme-temperature technology.
Effects of physical conditions on the stellar initial mass function: The low-metallicity star-forming region Sh 2-209
Authors: Zinnkann Marie , Wirth Henriette , Kroupa Pavel
Published: February 2024

Recent work suggested that the variation of the initial mass function (IMF) of stars depends on the physical conditions, notably, the metallicity and gas density. We investigated the properties of two clusters, namely the main cluster (MC) and the subcluster (SC), in the low-metallicity HII region Sh 2-209 (S209) based on recently derived IMFs. We tested three previously published correlations using previous observations: the top-heaviness of the IMF in dependence on metallicity, the half-mass radius, and the most massive star in dependence on the stellar mass of the embedded clusters. For this region, two different galactocentric distances, namely 10.5 kpc and 18 kpc, were considered, where an age-distance-degeneracy was found for the previously determined IMF to be consistent with other formulated metallicity and density dependent IMFs. The determined half-mass radius rh ≈ (0.080 ± 0.005) pc and the embedded cluster density ρecl ≈ (0.2 ± 0.1)×106 M⊙ pc−3 for the MC with an age of 0.5 Myr in S209 assuming a galactocentric distance of 18 kpc support the assumption that a low-metallicity environment results in a denser cluster, which leads to a top-heavy IMF. Thus, all three tests are consistent with the previously published correlations. The results for S209 are placed in the context with the IMF determination within the metal-poor cluster in the star-forming region NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud.
VLBI position variability of AGNs is inversely correlated with their photometric variability
Authors: Lambert S. , Secrest N. J.
Published: February 2024

Aims. The stability of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF), realized through geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) positions of thousands of extragalactic objects, is dependent on the individual positional stability of these objects. It has been recently shown that the prevalence of offsets between the VLBI positions of ICRF objects and their Gaia optical positions, which limit the optical-radio reference frame tie, is inversely correlated with optical photometric variability, suggesting that photometrically variable objects may be more positionally stable. In this work, we determine the relationship between VLBI position stability of ICRF objects and optical-radio position offsets as well as optical photometric variability.

Methods. We created multi-epoch geodetic VLBI solutions for a sample of 520 ICRF sources that have sufficient data to determine the variability in their VLBI positions over time. We compared this position variability with the fractional photometric variability provided by the Gaia extragalactic source catalog, the Gaia-ICRF optical-radio position offsets, the uncertainty-normalized position offsets, and optical BP-RP color as well as with possible confounders such as optical magnitude, VLBI/Gaia position error, and redshift. We determined the relationship between VLBI position stability and γ-ray detection by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), and we determined how the VLBI position and optical flux variabilities correlate with the spectral classification of our sample, considering flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), quasi-stellar objects, BL Lacs, Seyfert, and gigahertz-peaked spectrum radio sources or compact-steep-spectrum radio sources.

Results. We found that VLBI astrometric variability is (i) negatively correlated with optical flux variability, (ii) positively correlated with optical-radio offsets, (iii) negatively correlated with optical color index BP-RP, and (iv) negatively correlated with γ-ray detection. We also found that the most positionally stable sources are among the FSRQ and BL Lac classes. In other words, redder, photometrically variable sources have the most stable VLBI positions, the smallest optical-radio position offsets, and the highest rate of γ-ray detection, and these sources tend to be spectrally classified as blazars.

Conclusions. Our results are consistent with the most positionally stable sources being blazars, a class of object in which the jet is oriented close to the line of sight and where relativistic beaming increases photometric variability and minimizes the projected offset between the optical and radio positions. Our study should therefore orient future geodetic VLBI observing programs preferentially toward sources with high photometric variability because these sources are predicted to have better VLBI position stabilities and smaller optical-radio position offsets, improving the stability of the celestial reference frame axes.
Numerical implications of including drifts in SOLPS-ITER simulations of EAST
Authors: Boeyaert D. , Carli S. , Dekeyser W. , Wiesen S. , Baelmans M.
Published: February 2024

The inclusion of drifts in plasma edge codes like SOLPS-ITER is required to match simulation data with experimental profiles. However, this remains numerically challenging. In this paper, the effect of some numerical factors on the final plasma solution is investigated. This study is performed on three EAST simulations in the upper single null configuration: an attached purely deuterium case, an attached case with limited Ne-seeding, and a detached Ne-seeded case. The effects of the anomalous conductivity and anomalous thermo-electric coefficient on the plasma potential are investigated. Next, the effect of the employed grids is shown. In order to investigate these effects, accurate drift simulations are needed. Therefore, the employed time step and numerical parameters are discussed for the three studied simulations. For all presented simulations, it is verified that the restriction of the grid to the first flux surface tangent to the main chamber wall is sufficient within the context of non-extended simulations. This means that the main power dissipation takes place inside the simulated domain, and only a small fraction of the power is leaving the B2.5 grid through the grid boundary closest to the first wall. Finally, the effect of drifts on the asymmetry between the inner and outer target for EAST simulations is demonstrated.
Perspectives on phononic waveguides for on-chip classical and quantum transduction
Authors: Wang Yanan , Lee Jaesung , Feng Philip X.-L.
Published: February 2024

Phononic waveguides (PnWGs) are devices with rationally designed periodic structures to manipulate mechanical oscillations and to engineer and control the propagation of acoustic waves, thus allowing for frequency and band selection of wave transmission and routing, promising for both classical and quantum transduction on chip-scale platforms with various constituent materials of interest. They can be incorporated into both electromechanical and optomechanical signal transduction schemes. Here, we present an overview of emerging micro/nanoscale PnWGs and offer perspectives for future. We evaluate the typical structural designs, frequency scaling, and phononic band structures of the PnWGs. Material choices, fabrication techniques, and characterization schemes are discussed based on different PnWG designs. For classical transduction schemes, an all-phononic integrated circuit perspective is proposed. Toward emerging quantum applications, the potential of utilizing PnWGs as universal interfaces and transduction channels has been examined. We envision PnWGs with extraordinary propagation properties, such as nonreciprocity and active tunability, can be realized with unconventional design strategies (e.g., inverse design) and advanced materials (e.g., van der Waals layered crystals), opening opportunities in both classical and quantum signal transduction schemes.
Theory and modeling of molecular modes in the NMR relaxation of fluids
Authors: Pinheiro dos Santos Thiago J. , Orcan-Ekmekci Betul , Chapman Walter G. , Singer Philip M. , Asthagiri Dilipkumar N.
Published: February 2024

Traditional theories of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) autocorrelation function for intra-molecular dipole pairs assume a single-exponential decay, yet the calculated autocorrelation of realistic systems displays a rich, multi-exponential behavior, resulting in anomalous NMR relaxation dispersion (i.e., frequency dependence). We develop an approach to model and interpret the multi-exponential intra-molecular autocorrelation using simple, physical models within a rigorous statistical mechanical development that encompasses both rotational diffusion and translational diffusion in the same framework. We recast the problem of evaluating the autocorrelation in terms of averaging over a diffusion propagator whose evolution is described by a Fokker–Planck equation. The time-independent part admits an eigenfunction expansion, allowing us to write the propagator as a sum over modes. Each mode has a spatial part that depends on the specified eigenfunction and a temporal part that depends on the corresponding eigenvalue (i.e., correlation time) with a simple, exponential decay. The spatial part is a probability distribution of the dipole pair, analogous to the stationary states of a quantum harmonic oscillator. Drawing inspiration from the idea of inherent structures in liquids, we interpret each of the spatial contributions as a specific molecular mode. These modes can be used to model and predict the NMR dipole–dipole relaxation dispersion of fluids by incorporating phenomena on the molecular level. We validate our statistical mechanical description of the distribution in molecular modes with molecular dynamics simulations interpreted without any relaxation models or adjustable parameters: the most important poles in the Padé–Laplace transform of the simulated autocorrelation agree with the eigenvalues predicted by the theory.
Leveraging the depolarization of scattered light for holography with the Stokes correlation
Authors: Sarkar Tushar , Chandra Sourav , Sheoran Gyanendra , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: February 2024

A correlation holography technique for quantitative phase imaging from scattered depolarized light is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. To implement this technique, we exploit the depolarization of scattered light with the higher-order Stokes correlation. The higher-order Stokes correlation along with the two-step phase-shifting method is utilized to retrieve the complex Fourier coefficient, this subsequently supports the recovery of the phase in the correlation holography with the fourth-order correlation. A detailed theoretical framework is developed and is also supported by numerical simulation and experimental tests. The applicability of the proposed technique is experimentally demonstrated by quantitatively reconstructing different phase objects from the scattered depolarized light.
Electrical manipulation of dissipation in microwave photon–magnon hybrid system through the spin Hall effect
Authors: Hou Justin T. , Chou Chung-Tao , Han Jiahao , Fan Yabin , Liu Luqiao
Published: February 2024

Hybrid dynamic systems combine advantages from different subsystems for realizing information processing tasks in both classical and quantum domains. However, the lack of controlling knobs in tuning system parameters becomes a severe challenge in developing scalable, versatile hybrid systems for useful applications. Here, we report an on-chip microwave photon–magnon hybrid system where the dissipation rates and the coupling cooperativity can be electrically influenced by the spin Hall effect. Through magnon–photon coupling, the linewidths of the resonator photon mode and the hybridized magnon polariton modes are effectively changed by the spin injection into the magnetic wires from an applied direct current, which exhibit different trends in samples with low and high coupling strengths. Moreover, the linewidth modification by the spin Hall effect shows strong dependence on the detuning of the two subsystems, in contrast to the classical behavior of a standalone magnonic device. Our results point to a direction of realizing tunable, on-chip, scalable magnon-based hybrid dynamic systems, where spintronic effects provide useful control mechanisms.
Introducing the Rankine vortex method for drag reduction in wall-bounded turbulent flows at low Reynolds number through streamwise vortex manipulation
Authors: Altıntaş Atilla
Published: February 2024

It is well known that the near-wall streamwise vortices, together with the streaks, are the most important turbulent structures closely associated with drag reduction. Weakening or modifying the streamwise vortices are, thus, general approaches in near-wall turbulent control studies. In this study, a novel approach to manipulate the flow is introduced and applied to a turbulent channel flow in order to achieve drag reduction. The idea behind the “Rankine vortex method” is to generate a force based on the statistical and geometrical information of streamwise vortices. Direct numerical simulations of a turbulent channel flow at a frictional Reynolds number, Reτ, of 180 (based on the driving pressure gradient and channel half-width) are performed. The force is applied in the vicinity of the lower wall of the channel, and the results are comparatively analyzed for the cases with and without force implemented. A drag reduction of 10% is achieved. The theoretical flow control approach presented, along with the associated analysis, has the potential to enhance our current understanding of flow control mechanisms through the manipulation of near-wall turbulence.