bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient participation in electronic nursing documentation: An interview study among home‐care patients
Authors: De Groot Kim , Douma Judith , Paans Wolter , Francke Anneke L.
Published: April 2022

Background

Patients are increasingly expected to take an active role in their own care. Participation in nursing documentation can support patients to take this active role since it provides opportunities to express care needs and preferences. Yet, patient participation in electronic nursing documentation is not self‐evident.

Objective

To explore how home‐care patients perceive their participation in electronic nursing documentation.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 home‐care patients. Interview transcripts were analysed in an iterative process based on the principles of reflexive inductive thematic analysis.

Results

We identified a typology with four patient types: ‘high need, high ability’, ‘high need, low ability’, ‘low need, high ability’ and ‘low need, low ability’. Several patients felt a need for participation because of their personal interest in health information. Others did not feel such a need since they trusted nurses to document the information that is important. Patients' ability to participate increased when they could read the documentation and when nurses helped them by talking about the documentation. Barriers to patients' ability to participate were having no electronic devices or lacking digital skills, a lack of support from nurses and the poor usability of electronic patient portals.

Conclusion

Patient participation in electronic nursing documentation varies between patients since home‐care patients differ in their need and ability to participate. Nurses should tailor their encouragement of patient participation to individual patients' needs and abilities. Furthermore, they should be aware of their own role and help patients to participate in the documentation.

Patient or Public Contribution

Home‐care patients were involved in the interviews.
Characterization of 1050Al/Al3Ni/ZrO2 hybrid surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing
Authors: Salarpour Meysam , Sharifitabar Mahmood , Amirabadi Hossein
Published: April 2022

Al/Al3Ni and Al/nano‐ZrO2 mono and Al/Al3Ni/ZrO2 hybrid composites were produced by one‐ and four‐pass friction stir processing (FSP). Then, the microstructure, hardness, and wear performance of the surface composites were evaluated. Results showed that the incorporation of Ni particles into the Al surface and their in situ reaction with the substrate resulted in the development of Al3Ni particles in the stir zone. The formation mechanism of these particles was deeply studied from both thermodynamics and kinetics aspects. Similarly, the four‐pass FSP led to the distribution of ZrO2 nanoparticles and the formation of Al/ZrO2 composites. With the addition of both Ni and ZrO2 particles, a hybrid Al/Al3Ni/ZrO2 composite was produced. This caused a 60% improvement in hardness and a 35% improvement in wear resistance of Al substrate. In the case of monolithic composites, both abrasion and adhesion were responsible for the material removal during the wear test, whereas adhesion was specified as the dominant wear mechanism in the hybrid composite.
Prevention of urethral fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 using selective Wnt/β‐catenin signaling inhibitors in a rat model
Authors: Choi Kyung Hwa , Kim Dae Keun , Kim A Ram , Lee Seung‐Ryeol
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To determine the anti‐fibrotic effects of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling inhibitors on urethral stricture.

Methods

Human fibroblasts were exposed to transforming growth factor beta 1 combined with various concentrations of Wnt/β‐catenin inhibitors (ICG‐001, IWR‐1, and PRI‐724), and cell proliferation and migration were evaluated. Urethral fibrosis was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats by urethral injection of transforming growth factor beta 1 and co‐treatement with inhibitors. Urethral tissues were harvested 2 weeks after the injection. The messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression was examined for fibrosis markers Axin‐1, collagen type 1, alpha smooth muscle actin, and β‐catenin. Histological analysis of fibrosis and collagen deposition was also performed.

Results

Cell migration was ameliorated by ICG‐001 and PRI‐724. Protein and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of collagen type 1 and alpha smooth muscle actin in transforming growth factor beta 1‐treated fibroblasts decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner with the ICG‐001 and PRI‐724 treatments (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes with the IWR‐1 treatment. Collagen type I and alpha smooth muscle actin messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression were both significantly increased in the urethral tissues of rats with transforming growth factor beta 1‐induced urethral fibrosis. Rats co‐treated with ICG‐001 or PRI‐724 showed relatively mild fibrosis and significantly reduced collagen type I and alpha smooth muscle actin messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

ICG‐001 and PRI‐724 significantly ameliorated urethral fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 in rats. These results suggest that ICG‐001 and PRI‐724 can be developed as therapeutics for treating urethral stricture.
Purification and characterization of two acetyl xylan esterases from Penicillium purpurogenum
Authors: Egana L. , Gutierrez R. , Caputo V. , Peirano A. , Steiner J. , Eyzaguirre J.
Published: April 2022

Penicillium purpurogenum produces several enzymes active in xylan hydrolysis, of there, the acetyl xylan esterase (AXE) activity secreted by the fungus has now been studied. The amount of activity obtained in the culture is related to the degree of acetylation of the carbon source used, the best being chemically acetylated xylan. AXE was concentrated from culture supernatants by ultrafiltration and (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and fractionated by gel filtration in Bio‐Gel P‐300. Two peaks of activity (AXE I and AXE II) were obtained. These two enzymes were further purified separately to homogeneity by chromatography in CM‐Sephadex C‐50 and chromatofocusing. AXE I (M(r) 48,000) has a pl of 7.5, while AXE II (M(r) 23,000) has a pl of 7.8. Optimal enzyme activity was at pH 5.3 and 50 degrees C for AXE I and pH 6.0 and 60 degrees C for AXE II. Both enzymes are active towards several acetylated substrates. Antisera against the two enzymes do not cross‐react, and the N‐terminal sequences of AXE I and II do not show similarities. These results suggest that AXE I and AXE II are the products of different genes.
Factors affecting reductions in dietary salt consumption in people of Chinese descent: An integrative review
Authors: Chan Alex , Chan Sally Wai‐chi , Khanam Masuma , Kinsman Leigh
Published: April 2022

Aims

To identify and synthesize the evidence on the perceptions of the health effects of dietary salt consumption and barriers to sustaining a salt‐reduced diet for hypertension in Chinese people.

Design

A systematic integrated review integrating quantitative and qualitative studies using the PRISMA guidelines.

Data sources

Three databases, MEDLINE, PubMed and CINAHL, were systematically searched for articles published between January 2001 and July 2020.

Review methods

The quality of the included studies was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools for cross‐sectional and qualitative studies. Descriptive analysis and constant comparison methods were used to analyse the extracted data.

Results

Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The synthesized results identified that (i) adequate salt‐related health education had a positive influence on dietary behaviour modifications, (ii) the level of educational exposure to the health benefits of salt reduction influenced Chinese people's perceptions of the health impact associated with high salt intake, (iii) the complexity of salt measurement was a barrier to salt reduction, (iv) salt reduction is a challenge to Chinese food culture, and (v) Chinese migrants may experience linguistic and cultural challenges when they seek appropriate dietary education and advice for hypertension management in their host countries.

Conclusion

There is room for improvement in recognizing and translating the knowledge of salt‐related health issues and the benefits of that knowledge about salt reduction into action. Future nursing interventions should incorporate individuals' cultural needs and the dietary culture of immediate family members.

Impact

This integrative review reveals that unique Chinese customs and practices reduce the effectiveness of salt reduction campaigns. The effects of education vanish without family support, resulting in suboptimal adherence to dietary salt reduction strategies.
Self‐concept but not prior knowledge moderates effects of different implementations of computer‐assisted inquiry learning activities on students' learning
Authors: Richter Juliane , Lachner Andreas , Jacob Leonie , Bilgenroth Friederike , Scheiter Katharina
Published: April 2022

Background

Engaging students in computer‐assisted guided inquiry learning has great potential to scaffold their scientific understanding: Students are expected to improve their scientific problem‐solving skills, and at the same time gain a deep conceptual understanding of the subject‐matter. Additional generative activities such as creating video explanations subsequent to inquiry learning activities can also further deepen students' knowledge.

Objectives

In this experiment, we therefore compared the effectiveness of computer‐based direct instruction (to mimic traditional classroom teaching) versus computer‐based inquiry learning.

Methods

University students (N = 118) either received video‐based direct instruction (direct instruction), including the demonstration of a virtual experiment, or conducted the virtual experiment themselves supported by prompts (inquiry learning). A third group of students additionally generated a video explanation as consolidation activity subsequent to conducting the virtual experiment (inquiry learning + generative activity).

Results and Conclusions

Contrarily to our hypotheses, the direct instruction condition outperformed the inquiry learning conditions. There were no significant differences between the inquiry learning and the inquiry learning + generative activity condition. Moderation analyses revealed that the effectiveness of direct instruction predominantly held true for students with low levels of domain‐specific self‐concept. All in all, our present study contributes to a better understanding of effects of direct instruction versus guided inquiry learning in computer‐based science education settings. Importantly, our findings show that the effectiveness of instructional approaches may depend on students' domain‐specific self‐concept as a motivational prerequisite. As such it is up for further research in science education to identify motivating instructional strategies to enhance students' learning.
Joint Bodies and the Regularization of Strategic Interaction: A Comparison of the European Union's Strategic Partnerships with Japan and India
Authors: Czechowska Lucyna
Published: April 2022

In recent years, the European Union's strategic partnerships have undergone a new wave of institutionalization. Relations with both India and Japan are a case in point: after a decade or more of under‐institutionalized and situational interaction generally framed by political declarations, a more contractual model of bilateral relations has emerged and with it the proliferation of joint bodies. Such joint bodies and the overall regularization of bilateral contacts play an important but largely overlooked role in sustaining the strategic partnership. This article assesses the rationale and performance of joint institutional frameworks devised for the EU–Japan and EU–India strategic partnerships. Informed by an original conceptual approach, the article assesses the regularization and intensification of strategic interaction in these two partnerships.
Ecological and life‐history correlates of erythrocyte size and shape in Lepidosauria
Authors: Penman Zachary , Deeming D. Charles , Soulsbury Carl D.
Published: April 2022

Blood oxygen‐carrying capacity is shaped both by the ambient oxygen availability as well as species‐specific oxygen demand. Erythrocytes are a critical part of oxygen transport and both their size and shape can change in relation to species‐specific life‐history, behavioural or ecological conditions. Here, we test whether components of the environment (altitude), life history (reproductive mode, body temperature) and behaviour (diving, foraging mode) drive erythrocyte size variation in the Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes and rhynchocephalians). We collected data on erythrocyte size (area) and shape (L/W: elongation ratio) from Lepidosauria across the globe (N = 235 species). Our analyses show the importance of oxygen requirements as a driver of erythrocyte size. Smaller erythrocytes were associated with the need for faster delivery (active foragers, high‐altitude species, warmer body temperatures), whereas species with greater oxygen demands (diving species, viviparous species) had larger erythrocytes. Erythrocyte size shows considerable cross‐species variation, with a range of factors linked to the oxygen delivery requirements being major drivers of these differences. A key future aspect for study would include within‐individual plasticity and how changing states, for example, pregnancy, perhaps alter the size and shape of erythrocytes in Lepidosaurs.
Tracking oocyte development and the timing of skipped spawning for north‐east Arctic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
Authors: Tronbøl Frida , Johannesen Edda , Alix Maud , dos Santos Schmidt Thassya C. , Charitonidou Katerina , Folkvord Arild , Kjesbu Olav Sigurd
Published: April 2022

The present study tracked oocyte development over 9 months and noted incidences of ‘skipping’, i.e., adults terminating their upcoming reproductive cycle, in field‐caught north‐east Arctic (NEA) haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), currently the largest stock of this species. Applications of advanced image and histological techniques revealed the presence of cortical alveoli oocytes (CAO), which prevailed as the most advanced oocyte phase for 4–5 months. This new finding of an extended and early appearance of CAOs in this gadoid was supported by that vitellogenesis first started to appear 3 months later. The subsequent oocyte growth trajectories indicated that larger individuals [total length (TL) = 70 cm] typically spawn in the order of 3 weeks earlier than the smaller ones (TL = 40 cm). The spawning season appeared stretched over about 3 months. The majority of skipping females arrested oocyte growth at the CAO phase followed by atretic reabsorption. Compared to those individuals maturing for the spawning season, ‘skippers’ generally exhibited lower body condition, characterized also by relatively lower liver sizes at the time of the main spawning season. This study demonstrated well‐developed skipping dynamics, but also that the CAO period, i.e., when skipping takes place, may be exceedingly long in this commercially valuable gadoid and that its reproductive cycle in many ways deviates from that of the data‐rich, sympatric NEA cod (Gadus morhua).
Haematology, physiological parameters, morphometry and parasitological status of rescued bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)
Authors: Hernández‐Cruz Guillermina , Ferreira Renata G. , Rooney Nicola J. , Guidi Raiane dos Santos , Rego Ronaldo Douglas Pereira do , Costa Tiago Saulo Freire , Klefasz Alberto , Oliveira Walber Feijó , Gaio Fernanda Conceição , Duarte Naylê Francelino Holanda , Viana Victoria De Forte , Mendl Michael
Published: April 2022

Background

There are few studies on the physiology and haematology of rescued bearded capuchin monkeys. These are necessary to better understand the health and welfare status of the animals, including when performing reintroductions, and to avoid zoonoses.

Methods

We aimed to obtain physiological and haematological values, morphometry and parasitological status of 26 bearded capuchins in two rescue centres in Northeast Brazil.

Results

We found sex‐ and age‐related differences in respiratory rate, body weight and body mass index, but not haematology. The haematological values obtained were significantly different from published data but within the reference intervals for the species. Animals infected with Ancylostoma spp. had significantly lower values in the parameters: haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration than non‐infected individuals.

Conclusion

Physiological and haematological values of rescued capuchins were similar to those found in previous studies. Ancylostomiasis appears to cause alterations to haematological values of this species.
Cesarean scar pregnancy with expectant management
Authors: Fu Liye , Luo Yingchun , Huang Jinbai
Published: April 2022

Aim

This study aimed to ascertain whether the lower anterior myometrial thickness (MT) between the bladder and the gestational sac in early pregnancy can be used to predict clinical outcomes in women with cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) after expectant management.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and early pregnancy ultrasound images of 21 patients who received expectant management for CSP. Among them, 11 patients with serious complications during pregnancy, such as intraoperative blood loss ≥1000 mL or with severe forms of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP; placenta increta or placenta percreta), were assigned to group A. The remaining 10 patients without serious complications during pregnancy were assigned to group B. The difference in MT between groups A and B was analyzed using nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in MT between the groups (U = 20.000, p = 0.013). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.818, and the optimal cut‐off value for MT was 3.3 mm.

Conclusion

Lower anterior MT around the gestational sac was correlated with severe complications, such as massive intraoperative bleeding or severe forms of MAP in patients with CSP.
Prey responses to predation risk under chronic road noise
Authors: Giordano A. , Hunninck L. , Sheriff M. J.
Published: April 2022

Anthropogenic noise has dramatically increased over the past decades with potentially significant impacts on wildlife and their community interactions. Using giving‐up densities (GUDs) paired with camera traps, we examined the concurrent influence of chronic road noise and predation risk on free‐living small mammals. Specifically, we looked for differences in foraging and vigilance behavior during various noise treatments. We found that small mammals significantly reduced food intake when exposed to predation risk; however, concurrent exposure to road noise eliminated this effect; small mammals increased food intake when exposed to road noise and risk compared to risk alone. Furthermore, road noise reduced the number of visits and time spent at foraging trays while it increased vigilance behavior of small mammals in risky situations, meaning they were able to increase their foraging efficiency. Mice also ate less when moon illumination was greater; however, this had no effect on our overall results. This is one of the first studies to concurrently examine the effects of road noise and predation risk on free‐living prey. It shows the complex responses of prey exposed to chronic noise conditions as they attempt to gain reliable information about predation risk and respond appropriately. We highlight the potential consequences road noise may have on the survival of prey as it interferes with their appropriate risk responses.
Misperceiving properties
Authors: Millar Boyd
Published: April 2022

Recently, a number of philosophers have argued that property illusions—cases in which we perceive a property, but that property is not the property it seems to us to be in virtue of our perceptual experience—and veridical illusions—cases in which we veridically perceive an object's properties, but our experience of some specific property is nonetheless unsuccessful or illusory—can occur. I defend the contrary view. First, I maintain that there are compelling reasons to conclude that property illusions and veridical illusions cannot occur; and second, I maintain that the considerations supporting the possibility of such cases are uncompelling.
Coordinated regulation of TORC2 signaling by MCC/eisosome‐associated proteins, Pil1 and tetraspan membrane proteins during the stress response
Authors: Sakata Ken‐taro , Hashii Keisuke , Yoshizawa Koushiro , Tahara Yuhei O. , Yae Kaori , Tsuda Ryohei , Tanaka Naotaka , Maeda Tatsuya , Miyata Makoto , Tabuchi Mitsuaki
Published: April 2022

MCCs are linear invaginations of the yeast plasma membrane that form stable membrane microdomains. Although over 20 proteins are localized in the MCCs, it is not well understood how these proteins coordinately maintain normal MCC function. Pil1 is a core eisosome protein and is responsible for MCC‐invaginated structures. In addition, six‐tetraspan membrane proteins (6‐Tsp) are localized in the MCCs and classified into two families, the Sur7 family and Nce102 family. To understand the coordinated function of these MCC proteins, single and multiple deletion mutants of Pil1 and 6‐Tsp were generated and their MCC structure and growth under various stresses were investigated. Genetic interaction analysis revealed that the Sur7 family and Nce102 function in stress tolerance and normal eisosome assembly, respectively, by cooperating with Pil1. To further understand the role of MCCs/eisosomes in stress tolerance, we screened for suppressor mutants using the SDS‐sensitive phenotype of pil1Δ 6‐tspΔ cells. This revealed that SDS sensitivity is caused by hyperactivation of Tor kinase complex 2 (TORC2)‐Ypk1 signaling. Interestingly, inhibition of sphingolipid metabolism, a well‐known downstream pathway of TORC2‐Ypk1 signaling, did not rescue the SDS‐sensitivity of pil1Δ 6‐tspΔ cells. These results suggest that Pil1 and 6‐Tsp cooperatively regulate TORC2 signaling during the stress response.
Critical care outreach during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An observational study
Authors: Fazzini Brigitta , Nourse Simon , McGinley Ann
Published: April 2022

Background

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak, the Critical Care Outreach Team (CCOT) remained operational to provide critical care support to acutely ill and deteriorating patients on the wards.

Aim

We aimed to evaluate the demand and efficacy of the critical care outreach service during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Method

We prospectively evaluated all patients referred to critical care outreach enrolled during a twelve‐month period. We reported the cumulative number of activities and interventions and baseline characteristics, acuity level and patients' clinical outcome. The rate of ICU admissions, activity plan, patients' acuity and mortality are compared to historical data pre‐pandemic.

Results

Amongst 4849 patients referred, 3913 had a clinical review and of those 895 were COVID‐19 positive. Non‐invasive ventilation was mostly delivered to COVID‐19 patients (COVID‐19 +VE: 853/895, 95% vs. COVID‐19 −VE: 119/3018, 4%) alongside awake prone positioning (COVID‐19 +VE: 232/895, 26% vs. COVID‐19 −VE: 0/3018, 0%). Compared to pre‐pandemic, the cumulative number of patients assessed increased (observed: 3913 vs. historical: 3615; p = 0.204), patients meeting Level 2 acuity were higher (observed: 51% vs. historical: 21%; p = 0.003), but ICU admission rate did not increase significantly (observed: 12% vs. historical: 9%; p = 0.065), and greater mortality rate (observed: 14% vs. historical: 8%; p = 0.046) was observed.

Conclusion

Critical care outreach bridges the gap between the intensive care unit and general wards and supports the concept of ‘critical care without walls’ acting as a valuable resource in optimizing and triaging acutely unwell patients and potentially averting critical care admissions.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The COVID‐19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented surge of deteriorating and critically ill patients with has caused severe and sustained pressures on intensive care units (ICUs) and general wards. Acutely ill patients can deteriorate quickly, and early recognition is vital to commence critical intervention on the wards or transfer timely to ICU.

The Critical Care Outreach Team can help staff and optimize acutely ill and deteriorating patients by providing timely critical care interventions at the patient bedside.
Rapeseed proteins as fishmeal alternatives: A review
Authors: Kaiser Frederik , Harbach Harvey , Schulz Carsten
Published: April 2022

The aquaculture sector has been the key factor in meeting the growing demand for high‐quality food by contributing significantly to the global fish production. The portion of fishmeal in aqua feeds has been decreased significantly in recent years, however, increased production in aquaculture still led to demands of fishmeal that cannot be covered by sustainably caught small pelagic fish. Hence, alternatives for fishmeal in aqua feeds are an inevitable necessity. Different plant proteins have been evaluated in the past and rapeseed proteins are considered valuable protein sources for fishmeal‐free aqua feeds. Rapeseed is highly available on a global scale and provides one of the most balanced amino acid composition among plant‐based protein sources. Additionally, rapeseed cultivation is characterised by low production costs, ecological and economic benefits in cereal‐dominated agriculture and provision of two highly nutritive products. Subsequently, rapeseed proteins have been intensely investigated over the past decades and knowledge of the application of these proteins in diets for different species of fish has improved dramatically. However, there is no adequate complete review for the application of rapeseed proteins in aqua feeds. This review outlines and discusses the relevant factors influencing the inclusion of rapeseed proteins as fishmeal alternatives in fish diets and highlights provisional thresholds for anti‐nutritive substances as well as future research needs.
Mulch more so than compost improves soil health to reestablish vegetation in a semiarid rangeland
Authors: Leger Ariel M. , Ball Kirsten R. , Rathke Samuel J. , Blankinship Joseph C.
Published: April 2022

Up to half of the world's drylands have degraded, dysfunctional soils that lower success rates of restoration efforts to reestablish lost vegetation. Because soil amendments of organic matter have the potential to improve multiple ecosystem functions and overall soil health, we added a mulch of whole mesquite (Prosopis velutina) branches—both alone and in combination with 3 and 6 cm of compost—to a degraded semiarid rangeland. We then measured effects of these organic amendments on a suite of soil health indicators as well as plant cover and abundance. We found that surface applications of these amendments improved several indicators of soil health after two summer growing seasons. Soil temperature decreased and soil moisture increased in all treatments with organic amendments. However, during drier times of the year and in response to smaller rain events, mulch alone increased soil moisture more so than when combined with compost. As expected, total soil nitrogen was greatest with compost addition. Soil organic carbon, water‐stable aggregate size, and microbial abundance did not respond significantly to any treatment. Mesquite mulch increased native plant cover and abundance when applied without compost and increased plant cover when combined with 3 cm of compost, but it did not increase plant abundance or cover when combined with 6 cm of compost. Collectively, these results suggest that a thin layer of compost—but particularly woody branches used as mulch—can improve success rates of revegetation in dryland ecosystems by moderating the soil microclimate.
Exploring the indirect effects of acute dissociation on capability and suicide risk: A multi‐method investigation with augmented reality
Authors: Caulfield Nicole M. , Karnick Aleksandrs T. , Fergerson Ava K. , Bauer Brian W. , Capron Daniel W.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The current study aimed to explicate the role of dissociation in the capability and suicide relationship by examining how lifetime and state‐based acute dissociation contributes to capability for suicide using a multi‐method approach of self‐report and augmented reality (AR) laboratory tasks.

Method

Participants (N = 145) were students recruited for course credit at a southern university. Participants completed self‐report and laboratory AR dissociative induction tasks. Correlations and mediation analyses were conducted to test hypotheses using SPSS v. 26 and PROCESS Macro.

Results

There was a significant indirect effect on capability and suicidal ideation via acute dissociation (β = 0.035, SE = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.095). Additionally, there was a significant indirect effect on capability and suicide attempt(s) via dissociation (β = 0.19, SE = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.044, 0.449).

Conclusions

As prior theories suggest, dissociation may augment feeling disconnected from the body and may temporarily impact capability to render a suicidal act as more probable. The presence of dissociation after a painful and provocative attempt may increase capability and pain tolerance. Implications of these findings include the consideration of dissociation as a pertinent factor in the assessment and treatment of suicide and the role of AR in aiding the exploration of suicide correlates.
A rural laboratory in the Austrian alm—Tracing the contingent processes fostering social innovation at the local level
Authors: Stoustrup Sune Wiingaard
Published: April 2022

With social innovation being promoted to address the challenge of rural areas, there is a need to understand how processes of social innovation emerge and evolve at the local level. Rather than focusing on singular socially innovative projects, this article argues for an increased focus on how social innovation ecosystems and infrastructures are crucial for fostering and supporting the emergence of new perceptions, aims and practices. Using the metaphor of ‘laboratory’ as a conceptual frame to view rural development, the article outlines the emergence and long‐term evolution of social innovation at the local level with a case study from the Austrian region of Mühlviertel and demonstrates how changes in perceptions and new ideas for local development are institutionalised and linked with intra‐regional governance networks in a temporally contingent process linking incremental and radical social innovations.
Recognition of the HLA‐A*24:516 allele in a Chinese patient and his daughter
Authors: Shi Xiu‐Min , Li Pei‐Tong , Hu Rui‐Ping , Han Wei , Gao Su‐Jun
Published: April 2022

HLA‐A*24:516 has one nucleotide change from HLA‐A*24:02:01:01 at nucleotide 194 where Alanine (41) is changed to Glycine.
Phytate‐iron molar ratio and bioavailability of iron in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Sabuktagin , Shaheen Nazma
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

Phytate, an important component of plant origin foods, works as a chelator for mineral nutrients such as iron. Estimating the phytate‐iron molar ratio is a traditional method to assess the bioavailability of dietary iron, and a ratio >1 is suggestive of poor absorption of iron through the intestinal mucosa. In Bangladesh, the ratio is considerably higher; nonetheless, the haemoglobin and ferritin status are satisfactory. Hence, we appraised phytate‐iron molar ratios and concomitant haemoglobin and ferritin status.

METHODS

Dietary intake of iron and phytate was estimated in non‐pregnant non‐lactating women and school‐age children from a nationally representative survey. The phytate‐iron molar ratios were estimated. Linear regressions on haemoglobin for the phytate‐iron molar ratios and on molar ratios predicting inflammation‐adjusted ferritin were performed.

RESULTS

The median ratios were 6.12 in women and 5.47 in children, with corresponding haemoglobin concentrations of 12.6 and 12.5 g/dl. Hypothetical lowering of the ratios by ~50% revealed a nominal increment of haemoglobin and ferritin.

CONCLUSION

The standard cut‐off phytate‐iron molar ratio of >1 is inconsistent with the iron and haemoglobin status of the Bangladeshi population. One plausible explanation for the inconsistency is a non‐dietary environmental factor—groundwater iron. Isotope studies incorporating the iron from dietary and the drinking groundwater sources are needed to establish a ratio which might better explain iron bioavailability.
SORTING NEXIN2 proteins mediate stomatal movement and the response to drought stress by modulating trafficking and protein levels of the ABA exporter ABCG25
Authors: Liang Chaochao , Li Chunlong , Wu Jing , Zhao Min , Chen Donghua , Liu Cuimei , Chu Jinfang , Zhang Wei , Hwang Inhwan , Wang Mei
Published: April 2022

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates ion channel activity and stomatal movement in response to drought stress. Cellular ABA levels change depending on cellular and environmental conditions via modulation of its biosynthesis, catabolism and transport. Although factors involved in ABA biosynthesis and degradation have been studied extensively, how ABA transporters are modulated to fine‐tune ABA levels, especially under drought stress, remains elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana SORTING NEXIN 2 (SNX2) proteins play a critical role in endosomal trafficking of the ABA exporter ATP BINDING CASETTE G25 (ABCG25) via direct interaction at endosomes, leading to its degradation in the vacuole. In agreement, snx2a and snx2b mutant plants showed enhanced recycling of GFP‐ABCG25 from early endosomes to the plasma membrane and higher accumulation of GFP‐ABCG25. Phenotypically, snx2a and snx2b plants were highly sensitive to exogenous ABA and displayed enhanced ABA‐mediated inhibition of inward K+ currents and ABA‐mediated activation of slow anion currents in guard cells, resulting in an increased tolerance to drought stress. Based on these results, we propose that SNX2 proteins play a crucial role in stomatal movement and tolerance to drought stress by modulating the endosomal trafficking of ABCG25 and thus cellular ABA levels.
The GATA factor HANABA TARANU promotes runner formation by regulating axillary bud initiation and outgrowth in cultivated strawberry
Authors: Liang Jiahui , Wu Ze , Zheng Jing , Koskela Elli A. , Fan Lingjiao , Fan Guangxun , Gao Dehang , Dong Zhenfei , Hou Shengfan , Feng Zekun , Wang Feng , Hytönen Timo , Wang Hongqing
Published: April 2022

A runner, as an elongated branch, develops from the axillary bud (AXB) in the leaf axil and is crucial for the clonal propagation of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria  ×  ananassa Duch.). Runner formation occurs in at least two steps: AXB initiation and AXB outgrowth. HANABA TARANU (HAN ) encodes a GATA transcription factor that affects AXB initiation in Arabidopsis and promotes branching in grass species, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, the function of a strawberry HAN homolog FaHAN in runner formation was characterized. FaHAN transcripts can be detected in the leaf axils. Overexpression (OE) of FaHAN increased the number of runners, mainly by enhancing AXB outgrowth, in strawberry. The expression of the strawberry homolog of BRANCHED1 , a key inhibitor of AXB outgrowth in many plant species, was significantly downregulated in the AXBs of FaHAN ‐OE lines, whereas the expression of the strawberry homolog of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS, a marker gene for AXB initiation in Arabidopsis, was upregulated. Moreover, several genes of gibberellin biosynthesis and cytokinin signaling pathways were activated, whereas the auxin response pathway genes were repressed. Further assays indicated that FaHAN could be directly activated by FaNAC2, the overexpression of which in strawberry also increased the number of runners. The silencing of FaNAC2 or FaHAN inhibited AXB initiation and led to a higher proportion of dormant AXBs, confirming their roles in the control of runner formation. Taken together, our results revealed a FaNAC2–FaHAN pathway in the control of runner formation and have provided a means to enhance the vegetative propagation of cultivated strawberry.
A robust autonomous method for blood demand forecasting
Authors: Turkulainen Esa V. , Wemelsfelder Merel L. , Janssen Mart P. , Arvas Mikko
Published: April 2022

Background

Blood supply chain management requires estimates about the demand of blood products. The more accurate these estimates are, the less wastage and fewer shortages occur. While the current literature demonstrates tangible benefits from statistical forecasting approaches, it highlights issues that discourage their use in blood supply chain optimization: there is no single approach that works everywhere, and there are no guarantees that any favorable method performance continues into the future.

Study Design and Methods

We design a novel autonomous forecasting system to solve the aforementioned issues. We show how possible changes in blood demand could affect prediction performance using partly synthetic demand data. We use these data then to investigate the performances of different method selection heuristics. Finally, the performances of the heuristics and single method approaches were compared using historical demand data from Finland and the Netherlands. The development code is publicly accessible.

Results

We find that a shift in the demand signal behavior from stochastic to seasonal would affect the relative performances of the methods. Our autonomous system outperforms all examined individual methods when forecasting the synthetic demand series, exhibiting meaningful robustness. When forecasting with real data, the most accurate methods in Finland and in the Netherlands are the autonomous system and the method average, respectively.

Discussion

Optimal use of method selection heuristics, as with our autonomous system, may overcome the need to constantly supervise forecasts in anticipation of changes in demand while being sufficiently accurate in the absence of such changes.
Shope fibroma of the eyelid margin in a domestic rabbit
Authors: Chan Kore , Schlesener Brittany N. , Peters‐Kennedy Jeanine , Morrisey James K. , Knickelbein Kelly E.
Published: April 2022

Objective

To describe the clinical and histopathologic features as well as response to treatment of a solitary Shope fibroma affecting the eyelid margin of a domestic rabbit.

Animal Studied

A seven‐year‐old female intact domestic rabbit with a progressively enlarging firm, pedunculated, and encrusted inferior eyelid mass of the left eye of 1‐month duration.

Procedures

Under general anesthesia, the crust was removed revealing an ulcerated mass that was excised via a house‐shaped resection and submitted for histopathology. Purulent discharge associated with the mass was swabbed for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture and sensitivity testing. Histopathology revealed intraepithelial, cytoplasmic leporipoxviral inclusion bodies consistent with Shope fibroma virus. There was no growth on aerobic or anaerobic bacterial culture. The lesion was completely excised, and no recurrence was noted during a 3‐month follow‐up period.

Conclusions

The solitary nature and clinical appearance of this eyelid margin Shope fibroma are unique. Shope fibroma should be considered a differential diagnosis for eyelid masses in rabbits even in the absence of other cutaneous masses. Thorough systemic evaluation to attempt to distinguish Shope fibroma from malignant myxomatosis should be performed.
Surgical contraception of free‐ranging female capybaras: Description and comparison of open and minimally invasive techniques
Authors: Yanai Priscila R. , Ferraro Mario Antonio , Lima Andressa F. K. T. , Cortopassi Silvia Renata G. , Silva Luis Claudio L. C.
Published: April 2022

Objective

To develop, describe, and evaluate 2 surgical techniques for contraception of free‐ranging female capybaras.

Study design

Prospective study.

Animals

Cadaveric (n = 3) and free‐ranging female capybaras (n = 21).

Methods

Preliminary studies of surgical anatomy were performed on 3 capybara cadavers. Two different techniques for partial salpingectomy were evaluated in free‐ranging female capybaras: bilateral minilaparotomy (LTG; n = 11) or bilateral laparoscopy (LCG; n = 10). Data concerning body weight, tubal ligation time, total surgical time, incision size, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed, as well as the clinical status and incisional healing 1 week postoperatively.

Results

Body weight (P = .214), ligation time of the left uterine tube (P = .901), and total surgical time (P = .473) were similar between the experimental groups. The ligation time of the right uterine tube was shorter in the LCG group (P = .0463). In the LTG, no differences were observed between the sides regarding the incision size (P = .478). No major intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in either group. One LCG procedure had to be converted to LTG due to technical issues. All skin incisions healed without complication.

Conclusion

Both procedures showed similar and satisfactory outcomes.

Clinical significance

The proposed techniques may be a suitable alternative to conventional laparotomy for contraception of female capybaras, especially under field conditions.
A Mixed L1/H2 Robust Observer With An Application To Driver Steering Torque Estimation for Autopilot-Human Shared Steering
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Wang Zejiang , Shen Heran , Wang Junmin
Published: April 2022

Driver's steering torque is an essential signal for automated and assistance driving systems to interpret the human driver's intention. In a steer-by-wire (SBW) apparatus, due to the inevitable couplings between the driver steering, electrical motor, and viscous frictional torques, such a vital signal cannot be directly measured via a torque transducer. Instead, model-based estimators are considered a more practicable route. Toward this end, this paper introduces a novel mixed L1/H2 observer to achieve a robust estimation respecting the human driver's steering torque in human-alone and human-automation shared driving. On the one hand, the L1 induced norm from the process disturbance to the estimation error is attenuated. On the other hand, the H2 synthesis seeks to suppress the effects of measurement noises from the steering angle encoder and the motor's current sensor. Driving simulator human subject experiments are effectuated to justify the proposed strategy and manifest its superiorities over a benchmark method.
Research on the Effect of Wind Speed and Angle on Photovoltaic Cell Characteristics
Authors: Wenbo Xiao , Xing Jin , Huaming Wu , Le Huang
Published: April 2022

The effects of wind speed (F) and angle (θ) on the photovoltaic (PV) cells’ (monocrystalline silicon and triple-junction GaAs solar cells) temperature (T) and output characteristics (the short-circuit current (Isc), the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the maximum power (Pmax)) have been studied experimentally and analyzed theoretically. The results first show that T and Isc of both cells decrease, but Voc and Pmax of both cells increase with an increase in F (θ). The reason is that the increase of F (θ) results in the heat exchange between the PV modules and the external environment increasing and tending to be stable. Second, T, Isc, Voc, and Pmax change rate of silicon cell are found to be more affected by F (θ) than that of GaAs cell. The reason is that the temperature coefficient of silicon cell is larger than that of GaAs cell. Finally, T, Isc, Voc, and Pmax of both cells are more sensitive to F than θ. This is because the cell’s temperature changes depend more strongly on F.
Droplet deformation and breakup in shear-thinning viscoelastic fluid under simple shear flow
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Ningning , Liu Haihu
Published: April 2022

A three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method, which couples the color-gradient model for two-phase fluid dynamics with a lattice diffusion-advection scheme for the elastic stress tensor, is developed to study the deformation and breakup of a Newtonian droplet in the Giesekus fluid matrix under simple shear flow. This method is first validated by the simulation of the single-phase Giesekus fluid in a steady shear flow and the droplet deformation in two different viscoelastic fluid systems. It is then used to investigate the effect of Deborah number De, mobility parameter α, and solvent viscosity ratio β on steady-state droplet deformation. We find for 0.025<α<0.5 that as De increases, the steady-state droplet deformation decreases until eventually approaching the one in the pure Newtonian case with the viscosity ratio of 1/β, which is attributed to the strong shear-thinning effect at high De. While for lower α, the droplet deformation exhibits a complex nonmonotonic variation with De. Under constant De, the droplet deformation decreases monotonically with α but increases with β. Force analysis shows that De modifies the droplet deformation by altering the normal viscous and elastic stresses at both poles and equators of the droplet, while α mainly alters the normal stresses at the poles. Finally, we explore the roles of De and α on the critical capillary number Cacr of the droplet breakup. By establishing both Ca–De and Ca–α phase diagrams, we find that the critical capillary number increases with De or α except that a plateau critical capillary number is observed in Ca–De phase diagram.
Dps Is a Universally Conserved Dual-Action DNA-Binding and Ferritin Protein
Authors: Orban Katie , Finkel Steven E.
Published: April 2022

The DNA-binding protein from starved cells, Dps, is a universally conserved prokaryotic ferritin that, in many species, also binds DNA. Dps homologs have been identified in the vast majority of bacterial species and several archaea.
Glby, Encoded by
MAB_3167c
, Is Required for
In Vivo
Growth of Mycobacteroides abscessus and Exhibits Mild β-Lactamase Activity
Authors: Galanis Christos , Maggioncalda Emily C. , Kumar Pankaj , Lamichhane Gyanu
Published: April 2022

Mycobacteroides abscessus
can cause chronic pulmonary infections requiring administration of multiple antibiotics, still resulting in a low cure rate. The incidence of
M. abscessus
disease is increasing in the United States and the developed regions of the world. We show for the first time that a protein, Glby, affects growth of this bacterium. Using a mouse model of lung
M. abscessus
disease, we demonstrate that Glby is required for this bacterium to cause disease.
Why Did Students Report Lower Test Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Ewell Sharday N. , Josefson Chloe C. , Ballen Cissy J.
Published: April 2022

Test anxiety is a common experience shared by college students and is typically investigated in the context of traditional, face-to-face courses. However, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the closure of universities, and many students had to rapidly shift to and balance the challenges of online learning.
Disseminating Science and Education through Social Media: The Experience of a Students’ Editorial Team at the University of Padova
Authors: Balzan Stefania , Di Benedetto Chiara , Cavicchioli Laura , Merlanti Roberta , Gelain Maria Elena , Zanetti Rossella , Cortelazzo Anna , Marinelli Lieta , Cardazzo Barbara
Published: April 2022

“WeSocial: Online Learning Community” is a project aiming to provide students with the basic skills in science communication via social media as a useful tool in their future careers and to disseminate the University Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science activities to the general public. The project is based on two main actions: professional training on science communication and social media strategies, and the establishment of an editorial team composed of students supervised by the teaching staff.