bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global prevalence of functional dyspepsia according to Rome criteria, 1990–2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Kwanjoo , Kwon Chang-il , Yeniova Abdullah Özgür , Koyanagi Ai , Jacob Louis , Smith Lee , Lee Seung Won , Rahmati Masoud , Shin Ju-Young , Shin Jae Il , Cho Wonyoung , Yon Dong Keon
Published: February 2024

Although functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common functional gastroduodenal disorder with a high socioeconomic burden, little is known about its global prevalence. Thus, we performed a comprehensive study to estimate long-term trends in the prevalence of FD. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar from 1990 to 2022 for population-based studies that reported the prevalence of FD in adults (≥ 18 years old) according to Rome I, II, III, or IV criteria. The prevalence of FD was extracted from included studies to obtain pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and 95% prediction intervals. Subgroup analysis was performed according to certain characteristics, including geographic region. A total of 44 studies met the eligibility criteria, including 256,915 participants from 40 countries across six continents. The overall global pooled prevalence of FD was 8.4% (95% CI 7.4–.9.5). The prevalence was the highest in Rome I (11.9%; 95% CI 5.1–25.4) and lowest in Rome IV (6.8%; 95% CI 5.8–7.9). Developing countries showed a higher prevalence than developed countries (9.1% versus 8.0%), and prevalence was higher in women, irrespective of the definition used (9.0% versus 7.0%). The pooled prevalence gradually decreased from 1990 to 2020 (12.4% [8.2–18.3] in 1990–2002 versus 7.3% [6.1–8.7] in 2013–2020). The prevalence of FD differs by country, economic status, geographical region, and sex, and the global prevalence has been gradually declining. Despite the heterogeneity of sample population, our study estimates the current global burden of FD and provides information to heath care policy decisions.
The gephyrin scaffold modulates cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neuron responsiveness to single whisker stimulation
Authors: Tsai Yuan-Chen , Hleihil Mohammad , Otomo Kanako , Abegg Andrin , Cavaccini Anna , Panzanelli Patrizia , Cramer Teresa , Ferrari Kim David , Barrett Matthew J. P. , Bosshard Giovanna , Karayannis Theofanis , Weber Bruno , Tyagarajan Shiva K. , Stobart Jillian L.
Published: February 2024

Gephyrin is the main scaffolding protein at inhibitory postsynaptic sites, and its clusters are the signaling hubs where several molecular pathways converge. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of gephyrin alter GABAA receptor clustering at the synapse, but it is unclear how this affects neuronal activity at the circuit level. We assessed the contribution of gephyrin PTMs to microcircuit activity in the mouse barrel cortex by slice electrophysiology and in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal cells during single-whisker stimulation. Our results suggest that, depending on the type of gephyrin PTM, the neuronal activities of L2/3 pyramidal neurons can be differentially modulated, leading to changes in the size of the neuronal population responding to the single-whisker stimulation. Furthermore, we show that gephyrin PTMs have their preference for selecting synaptic GABAA receptor subunits. Our results identify an important role of gephyrin and GABAergic postsynaptic sites for cortical microcircuit function during sensory stimulation.
Modeling dry eye with an air–liquid interface in corneal epithelium-on-a-chip
Authors: Kado Abdalkader Rodi , Chaleckis Romanas , Fujita Takuya , Kamei Ken-ichiro
Published: February 2024

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a complex ocular condition characterized by an unstable tear film and inadequate tear production, leading to tissue damage. Despite its common occurrence, there is currently no comprehensive in vitro model that accurately reproduce the cellular characteristics of DES. Here we modified a corneal epithelium-on-a-chip (CEpOC) model to recapitulate DES by subjecting HCE-T human corneal epithelial cells to an air–liquid (AL) interface stimulus. We then assessed the effects of AL stimulation both in the presence and absence of diclofenac (DCF), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct gene expression changes in response to AL and AL_DCF, affecting pathways related to development, epithelial structure, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Both treatments upregulated PIEZO2, linked to corneal damage signaling, while downregulating OCLN, involved in cell–cell junctions. They increased the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., IL-6) and reduced mucin production genes (e.g., MUC16), reflecting dry eye characteristics. Metabolomic analysis showed increased secretion of metabolites associated with cell damage and inflammation (e.g., methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, lauroyl-carnitine) in response to AL and even more with AL_DCF, indicating a shift in cellular metabolism. This study showcases the potential use of AL stimulus within the CEpOC to induce cellular characteristics relevant to DES.
Stress-induced stenotic vascular remodeling via reduction of plasma omega-3 fatty acid metabolite 4-oxoDHA by noradrenaline
Authors: Nishimori Makoto , Hayasaka Naomi , Otsui Kazunori , Inoue Nobutaka , Asakura Junko , Nagao Manabu , Toh Ryuji , Ishida Tatsuro , Hirata Ken-ichi , Furuyashiki Tomoyuki , Shinohara Masakazu
Published: February 2024

Stress has garnered significant attention as a prominent risk factor for inflammation-related diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the precise mechanisms underlying stress-driven CVDs remain elusive, thereby impeding the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. To explore the correlation between plasma lipid metabolites and human depressive states, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based analysis of plasma and the self-rating depression (SDS) scale questionnaire were employed. We also used a mouse model with restraint stress to study its effects on plasma lipid metabolites and stenotic vascular remodeling following carotid ligation. In vitro functional and mechanistic studies were performed using macrophages, endothelial cells, and neutrophil cells. We revealed a significant association between depressive state and reduced plasma levels of 4-oxoDHA, a specific omega-3 fatty acid metabolite biosynthesized by 5-lipoxygenase (LO), mainly in neutrophils. In mice, restraint stress decreased plasma 4-oxoDHA levels and exacerbated stenotic vascular remodeling, ameliorated by 4-oxoDHA supplementation. 4-oxoDHA enhanced Nrf2-HO-1 pathways, exerting anti-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells and macrophages. One of the stress hormones, noradrenaline, reduced 4-oxoDHA and the degraded 5-LO in neutrophils through the proteasome system, facilitated by dopamine D2-like receptor activation. Our study proposed circulating 4-oxoDHA levels as a stress biomarker and supplementation of 4-oxoDHA as a novel therapeutic approach for controlling stress-related vascular inflammation.
Acoustic emission characteristics and damage evolution of different rocks under uniaxial compression conditions
Authors: Ou Jianchun , Wang Enyuan , Wang Xinyu , Wang Bican , Zhu Guoqing
Published: February 2024

Due to the complexity of the strata, it is difficult to monitor and identify the disasters induced by rock fractures in the process of mining deep coal resources. This will seriously affect the safety and sustainable mining of coal. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the failure mechanisms and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of different rocks. In this paper, uniaxial compression tests as well as simultaneous AE monitoring were carried out on four different rocks. The four rocks include yellow sandstone, white sandstone, marble and limestone. The mechanical properties, energy evolution and AE characteristics of different rocks were analysed. It is found that the AE response of rocks is closely related to the damage and fracture process. The more brittle the rock is, the less energy is dissipated before failure, and the less obvious the AE precursor is, and the RA-AF values can effectively characterise the failure modes of different rocks. Finally, the damage models were developed from the perspectives of AE energy and dissipated energy, respectively. The damage model based on dissipated energy can better reflect the stress and damage state of the rock, and the theoretical curves of stress–strain are in good agreement with the measured curves.
Selpercatinib combination with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ effectively suppresses RET–mutant thyroid cancer
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Dream Sophie , Leung Pui-Yin , Wu Pui-Kei , Wong Stuart , Park Jong-In
Published: February 2024

Genetic alternation of REarranged during Transfection (RET) that leads to constitutive RET activation is a crucial etiological factor for thyroid cancer. RET is known to regulate mitochondrial processes, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We previously showed that the multi-kinase inhibitors vandetanib and cabozantinib increase the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in RET-mutated thyroid tumor cells and that this effect can be exploited to increase mitochondrial enrichment of Δψm-sensitive agents in the tumor cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the RET-selective inhibitor, selpercatinib, can increase Δψm and, subsequently, tumor cell uptake of the mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone (MitoQ) to the level to break the mitochondrial homeostasis and induce lethal responses in RET-mutated thyroid tumor cells. We show that selpercatinib significantly increased Δψm, and its combination with MitoQ synergistically suppressed RET-mutated human thyroid tumor cells, which we validated using RET-targeted genetic approaches. Selpercatinib and MitoQ, in combination, also suppressed CCDC6-RET fusion cell line xenografts in mice and prolonged animal survival more effectively than single treatments of each agent. Moreover, we treated two patients with CCDC6-RET or RETM918T thyroid cancer, who could not take selpercatinib at regular doses due to adverse effects, with a dose-reduced selpercatinib and MitoQ combination. In response to this combination therapy, both patients showed tumor reduction. The quality of life of one patient significantly improved over a year until the tumor relapsed. This combination of selpercatinib with MitoQ may have therapeutic potential for patients with RET-mutated tumors and intolerant to regular selpercatinib doses.
Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth – a cohort study
Authors: Amit Guy , Yanover Chen , Bivas-Benita Maytal , Girshovitz Irena , Helbitz Tal , Sudry Tamar , Bar Vered , Tang Alice S. , Le Brian L. , Roger Jacquelyn , Woldemariam Sarah , Kosti Idit , Oskotsky Tomiko T. , Akiva Pinchas , Sirota Marina
Published: February 2024

Major depressive disorder and exposure to antidepressants during pregnancy have been previously associated with preterm birth (PTB). However, the reported results are inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to estimate the effects of antidepressants and maternal depression on the risk of PTB using data from electronic health records (EHRs). This is a population-based retrospective cohort study, utilizing data from primary care EHRs. The cohort included 216,070 deliveries of 176,866 patients from the UK between January 1996 and February 2019. We analyzed the effects of antidepressant exposure during pregnancy on the risk of PTB and additional control outcomes in subgroups of patients with a history of depression, and with recent pre-pregnancy treatment. We also assessed the effect of depression alone, in untreated patients. The analysis utilized large-scale propensity score matching that included all demographic and clinical covariates, and effect estimation using a Cox model. The main cohort included 17,615 (8.2%) PTBs. Among patients who were not exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy, a history of depression was associated with an increased risk of PTB (HR 1.10, CI [1.04,1.15], P < 0.01]. Patients exposed to SSRIs during the first 22 weeks of gestation were not at a significantly higher risk of PTB compared to unexposed patients (HR 1.08 CI [0.98,1.18], P = 0.11). Moreover, treatment continuation during pregnancy did not affect the risk of PTB among patients with pre-pregnancy treatment (HR 1.03 CI [0.92,1.15], P = 0.61), and among patients with a history of depression (HR 1.00 CI [0.90,1.11], P = 0.98). Additionally, exposure to antidepressants was associated with a reduced risk of some common medical conditions during the outcome follow-up period. Our findings indicate that the concern of PTB should not affect the clinical decision of medical treatment for pregnant women suffering from depression, since antidepressant treatment by itself does not increase the risk of PTB.
Structural characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharides from barley: a review
Authors: Yao Haoyingye , Yin Junyi , Nie Shaoping
Published: February 2024

Structural characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharides from barley (Hordeum vulgare L).
A frogspawn inspired twin Mo2C/Ni composite with a conductive fibrous network as a robust bifunctional catalyst for advanced anion exchange membrane electrolyzers
Authors: Wan Zhongmin , Wang Linqing , Zhou Yuheng , Xu Siyuan , Zhang Jing , Chen Xi , Li Shi , Ou Changjie , Kong Xiangzhong
Published: February 2024

Inspired by frogspawn, a dual Mo2C/Ni encapsulated nanofiber network was constructed (Mo2C/NCNTs@Ni) and it exhibits good catalytic activity and durability as a bifunctional catalyst for water splitting.
Ring-opening polymerisation of alkyl-substituted ε-caprolactones: kinetic effects of substitution position
Authors: Clamor Cinzia , Beament James , Wright Peter M. , Cattoz Beatrice N. , O'Reilly Rachel K. , Dove Andrew P.
Published: February 2024

Alkyl-functional polycaprolactones were prepared via direct and well-controlled ring-opening polymerisation and the relationship between the substituent position and polymerisation rate was investigated.
Enzyme-accelerated CO2 capture and storage (CCS) using paper and pulp residues as co-sequestrating agents
Authors: De Oliveira Maciel Ayanne , Christakopoulos Paul , Rova Ulrika , Antonopoulou Io
Published: February 2024

Alternative routes for carbon capture and storage are needed. This article evaluates the carbonic anhydrase effect on improving CO2 capture with alkaline residues for application in mineral storage.
Concentration dependence of resistance components in solutions containing dissolved Fe2+/Fe3+
Authors: Inoue Dai , Moritomo Yutaka
Published: February 2024

The concentration (c) dependence of solution (Rs) and diffusion (Rdif) resistances of solutions containing dissolved Fe2+/Fe3+ is well reproduced by their viscosity η(c) at c.
Theoretical insight of reactive oxygen species scavenging mechanism in lignin waste depolymerization products
Authors: Rusdipoetra Rahmanto Aryabraga , Suwito Hery , Puspaningsih Ni Nyoman Tri , Haq Kautsar Ul
Published: February 2024

Syringol derivatives outperform phenolic antioxidants in non-polar solvents. HT mechanism is the favoured mechanism to scavenge hydroperoxyl radical in substituted syringols. Based on ASM analysis, the hydrogen bond is the key factor in increasing both strain and interaction energy.
Hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical properties of Sn-based peanut shell biochar electrode materials
Authors: Wang Yujie , Wang Hui , Ji Jiangtao , You Tianyan , Lu Chang , Liu Cuiyun , Song Yang , Chen Zhi , Zhu Shufa
Published: February 2024

Using activated-carbon-based electrodes derived from waste biomass in super-capacitor energy technologies is an essential future strategy to achieve sustainable energy and environmental protection.
ROS-responsive curcumin-encapsulated nanoparticles for AKI therapy via promoting lipid degradation in renal tubules
Authors: Guo Honglei , Lan Tianyu , Lu Xin , Geng Kedui , Shen Xiangchun , Mao Huijuan , Guo Qianqian
Published: February 2024

A drug delivery system (NPSBG@Cur) has been developed to respond to ROS and deliver the autophagy activator curcumin (Cur) to reduce the severity of AKI. This system works by activating autophagy and promoting the degradation of lipid droplets.
Ribonuclease A–polymer conjugates via in situ growth for cancer treatment
Authors: Jiang Lin , Liang Xiao , Jia Jiaxin , Han Haobo , Tang Jun , Li Quanshun
Published: February 2024

Efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins is a critical aspect for protein-based cancer treatment.
Dynamic kinetic resolution of α-F-β-ketone amides (esters) via Ir/f-diaphos-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Yang Pengtao , Song Dingguo , Chen Lingxin , Zhao Xianghua , Chen Yirui , Shen Feiyang , Ling Fei , Zhong Weihui
Published: February 2024

Highly reactive and highly stereoselective asymmetric hydrogenation of α-F-β-ketone amides (esters) via Ir/f-diaphos-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution is reported.
Conversion of carbon black recovered from waste tires into activated carbon via chemical/microwave methods for efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater
Authors: El-Maadawy M. M. , Elzoghby Amir A. , Masoud Ahmed M. , Eldeeb Alzahraa M. , El Naggar Ahmed M. A. , Taha Mohamed H.
Published: February 2024

In this research study, recovered carbon black (rCB) was obtained via pyrolysis of waste tires.
The latest research progress of conductive hydrogels in the field of electrophysiological signal acquisition
Authors: Ding Hongxin , Gu Yunqing , Ren Yun , Hu Chaoxiang , Qiu Qianfeng , Wu Denghao , Mou Jiegang , Wu Zhenxing , Zhou Huijie
Published: February 2024

Conductive hydrogels have great potential in the field of electrophysiological signal acquisition because of their outstanding properties.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Side-Lying Position in Infant Modified Barium Swallow Studies: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Smith Julian Bergen , O'Donoghue Cynthia , Jones Rebecca
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

This qualitative study explored the practices of hospital-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) conducting modified barium swallow studies (MBS) for infants at risk for dysphagia. Specifically, this research aimed to determine whether or not SLPs use side-lying position during MBS, to examine possible differences in the use of positioning, and to better understand SLPs' perceptions and experiences in this practice. Using a constructivist view, research questions guiding this inquiry were as follows: What is the current practice of hospital-based pediatric SLPs in regard to the use of side-lying position during infant MBS? What is the experience of the hospital-based SLP in their use of side-lying position during MBS? How do SLPs report perceived barriers or benefits to using side-lying position during MBS?

Method:

Employing a purposive-convenience sampling technique, data were collected using semistructured interviews of SLPs serving at-risk infants with dysphagia. All participants were practicing in Level-III or -IV neonatal intensive care units. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, loaded into NVivo, and coded using initial and consensus coding. Themes achieved saturation following six interviews.

Results:

Three themes emerged from the analysis: (a) variations in practice patterns, (b) factors influencing clinical practice, and (c) items that SLPs identified as needs to facilitate change in their clinical practice.

Conclusions:

Although SLPs acknowledged the importance of MBS replicating an infant's typical feeding, some SLPs who consistently use side-lying position during feeding do not assess feeding in side-lying position during MBS. This inconsistency in practice results from SLPs' perceived barriers, including lack of experience, concern over interdisciplinary conflict, need for MBS protocols, and lack of research on the potential impacts of side-lying positioning on swallowing. Participants reported the need for research to determine whether side-lying position alters, possibly improves, swallow functions and safety (e.g., airway protection) for at-risk infants.
The impact of “continuous” deficit irrigation on carrot crop development in the Saïs plain, Morocco
Authors: El Bergui Omnia , Fagroud Mustapha , Bouabid Rachid , Brouziyne Youssef , Bourioug Mohamed , Abouabdillah Aziz
Published: February 2024

In the Maghreb, as in many arid and semi-arid zones, water resources are vulnerable to climatic variations, for which reason various scientific studies are being conducted in an attempt to face these changes while maintaining the yield potential of crops. The aim of the following paper is to evaluate the impact of continuous deficit irrigation (CDI) on the carrot (Daucus Carota L.) crop. A complete randomized block design (CRBD) involving five treatments and four repetitions was adopted for this experimental design. The studied treatments are: T1(125% ETc), T2(100% ETc), T3(85% ETc), T4 (75% ETc) and T5 (66% ETc). Vegetative, biochemical, and yield parameters were measured to identify carrot response and provide optimal water management for deficit irrigation on carrot. Irrigation at 125% ETc achieved the highest yield (59 tons/ha). However, in terms of yield, treatment (T1) was not significantly different from (T2) nor (T3). Meanwhile, the 66% ETc water deficit treatment (T5) showed remarkable decreases in yield. This means that even when providing more water it does not increase the yield meaning that the plant does not use the given water but instead, it is lost and on the other hand a 15% water deficit did not significantly impact the yield.
Assessing Climate Change and Water Resource Management Worldwide with the SWAT Model: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Moumane Ikram , Abouabdillah Aziz , Chikhaoui Mohamed , Brouziyne Youssef , Bouabid Rachid
Published: February 2024

Utilized the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) across different watershed scales, from small to large, under a variety of climate conditions, aiming to quantify and mitigate the impacts of climate change on watershed hydrology and water resources. Additionally, the paper explores the development of conservation strategies for water and soil, aimed at managing both water and sediment yields effectively. By examining research at international, national, and regional levels, with a particular focus on climate change projections for Morocco, this review critically assesses the SWAT model’s operational framework, including its inputs and outputs. The operational intricacies of the SWAT model are dissected to understand its utility in hydrological modeling, emphasizing its role in climate change assessment. Through this examination, the paper highlights the expanding application of SWAT in water resource assessments globally, demonstrating its significance in understanding and addressing the challenges posed by climate change on hydrological systems worldwide.
Gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric neoplasms: a multicenter case series study
Authors: Kimura Hidenori , Yamamoto Yoichi , Yabuuchi Yohei , Shigeta Kohei , Yoshida Masao , Nagao Soichiro , Noguchi Akito , Morita Yukihiro , Shintani Shuhei , Inatomi Osamu , Ono Hiroyuki , Andoh Akira
Published: February 2024

Several cases have been reported that suggest the efficacy of gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection (GI-EMR) for gastric neoplasms. However, no study has evaluated treatment outcomes of GI-EMR for gastric neoplasms. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of GI-EMR for early gastric neoplasms. Nine patients (17 lesions) undergoing gastric GI-EMR were included, with a median lesion size of 10 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 5–13 mm). All lesions were protruding or flat elevated. The median procedure time was 3 minutes (IQR 2–5) and en bloc resection was achieved in all cases. Among 15 neoplastic lesions, the R0 resection rate was 86.7% (13/15 lesions). Adverse events included immediate bleeding requiring hemostasis in two cases, which was controlled endoscopically. No delayed bleeding or perforation occurred. In conclusion, GI-EMR may be a safe and effective treatment for early, small gastric neoplasms. However, due to the small sample in the present study, further investigation is required regarding the indication for this technique.
Spontaneous Extradural Hematoma in a Sickle Cell Anemia Patient with Hyperinflammation and Thrombotic Microangiopathy Successfully Treated with Eculizumab: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ita Michael Itak , Olesen Pia , Rosing Maria , Mørk Morten , Einarsson Halldór Bjarki , Riis Jens Jakob
Published: February 2024

Background The event of extradural hematoma in the absence of head trauma is a rare central nervous system complication of sickle cell disease. We report here a case of spontaneous extradural hematoma in a patient being treated for sickle cell vasoocclusive crisis complicated by hyperinflammation and thrombotic microangiopathy. The significance of inflammation as an integral component of the pathomechanism of vasoocclusive crisis in patients with sickle cell disease and the role of heme in activating the complement system's alternative pathway are highlighted in this case report.

Case Presentation A teenage patient with sickle cell disease developed a spontaneous right parietal extradural hematoma while receiving treatment for sickle cell vasoocclusive crisis. The concurrent events of hyperinflammation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hyperhemolysis syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy, and refractory postoperative bleeding complicated this patient's clinical course after surgical evacuation of extradural hematoma. This patient was subsequently treated with eculizumab and improved in the days following.

Conclusion Treatment with the anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab, which targets and inhibits terminal complement system activation, reversed the deleterious cascade of events in this patient with sickle cell disease.
Paradigm Shift in Rhinoplasty with Virtual 3D Surgery Software and 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Suh Man Koon , Won Joo-Yun , Baek Jung-Hwan
Published: February 2024

Most Asians have a nose with a short columella and a low dorsum; augmentation rhinoplasty using implants is commonly performed in Asian countries to achieve a taller and more well-defined nasal dorsum. However, the current knowledge is insufficient to fully understand the various subjective desires of patients, reflect on them during surgery, or to objectively analyze the results after surgery. Advances in digital imaging technologies, such as 3D printing and 3D scanning, have transformed the medical system from hospital-centric to patient-centric throughout the medical field. In this study, we applied these techniques to rhinoplasty. First, we used virtual 3D plastic surgery software to enable surgical planning through objectified numerical calculations based on the visualized data of the patient's medical images rather than simple virtual plastic surgery. Second, the customized nasal implant was manufactured by reflecting the patient's anatomical shape and virtual 3D plastic surgery data. Taken together, we describe the surgical results of applying these rhinoplasty solutions in four patients. Our experience indicates that high fidelity and patient satisfaction can be achieved by applying these techniques.
Effectiveness of Mandibular Advancement Devices in Positional OSA Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Predictive Variables in a Sample of Adult Patients
Authors: Pintucci Floriana , Cremonini Francesca , Romagnolo Giulia , Marrano Gianluca Giorgio , Barbanti Francesca , Spedicato Giorgio Alfredo , Vicini Claudio , Lombardo Luca
Published: February 2024

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in improving apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA), compared with a control group of nonpositional OSA (NPOSA) patients, from mild to very severe degree, in order to to find the main variables characterizing the examined group as potential predictors of treatment success.

Materials and Methods In the present observational study, we retrospectively collected polysomnographic records of 39 positional adult patients, divided into 30 supine isolated OSA (siOSA) and 9 supine predominant OSA (spOSA) undergoing MADs from 2003 to 2019, and compared with those of a control group of 47 NPOSA patients. Demographics and anthropometrical data, home sleep apnea test (HSAT) records, drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) results, and dental casts evaluation were analyzed pre- and post-treatment with MADs.

Results A prevalence of the male sex (86%), mean age of 49,4 ± 14.98 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.74 ± 4.29 kg/m2 were found among the OSA patients with significant differences between the three groups for sex and BMI. After MADs, the HSAT revealed significant reduction of AHI in all of the groups, with greater reduction of the supine AHI in POSA and significant reduction of the snore index for NPOSA. The hypopharynx section (H) of the NOHL Index, a fourth degree of hypopharyngeal collapse and an anteroposterior pattern was the most frequent to occur (19.9%) from DISE exam. No significant correlation between the initial total AHI and the dental variables was found, except for a reduced maxillary intermolar distance.

Conclusion MADs are effective in reducing AHI in POSA and NPOSA patients from mild to very severe degree. Supine AHI decreased after treatment with MADs mainly in siOSA and spOSA patients compared with the NPOSA group. The snore index decreased significantly after treatment with MADs in all groups, showing the greater reduction in the NPOSA group. The tongue base (H) represented the most frequent anatomic area of collapse and there was a high prevalence of upper maxillary constriction.
Home-Based Aerobic Interval Training Combined with Resistance Training Improved Daytime Dysfunction in Adults with Obesity and Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Authors: Longlalerng Khomkrip , Watanasiripakdee Siripan , Jeenduang Nutjaree , Habuddha Valainipha , Piya-amornphan Nitita , Damchuai Tipwamol
Published: February 2024

Introduction There have been many barriers to exercising at a gym due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Home-based aerobic interval training (AIT) combined with resistance training (RT) may be helpful for obese adults with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) to overcome those barriers and improve their subjective sleep disorders. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the effects of home-based AIT combined with RT on subjective sleep disorders in obese adults with SDB.

Material and Methods This study has a one-group pretest-posttest design. Twenty-one adults with obesity and SDB were assigned to perform 8 weeks of AIT combined with RT. Subjective sleep disorder variables including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin Questionnaire, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were defined as primary outcomes. Anthropometric variables, physical fitness components, and blood biomarkers were assigned as secondary outcomes. All outcome measurements were examined at baseline and after 8 weeks of training.

Results Daytime dysfunction of PSQI was significantly improved after 8 weeks of the exercise program (p < 0.05). Upper and lower chest expansion and estimated maximum oxygen consumption were significantly increased after 8 weeks of the exercise program (all p < 0.05). None of the blood biomarkers changed after 8 weeks of training.

Conclusion This study suggests that home-based AIT combined with RT effectively alleviates daytime dysfunction and seems to be more helpful in improving global PSQI in adults with obesity. Future studies with a larger sample size, under a controlled trial are recommended to prove the benefits of the exercise program.
Toe Walking in a Formerly Preterm Child: Is it Just Cerebral Palsy?
Authors: Kumar Nankee K. , Bach Ashley M. , Zarnow Deborah M. , Desai Kavita , Kennedy Benjamin C. , Agarwal Sonika
Published: February 2024

Spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) is common among children born preterm and is a known cause of toe walking. By contrast, pediatric tumors of the conus medullaris are rare. We report the case of a 28-month-old formerly extremely preterm male with global developmental delay who presented with toe walking, constipation, and asymmetric hypertonia of the lower extremities. Brain imaging revealed periventricular leukomalacia, ex-vacuo ventricular dilation, and cerebellar dysplasia consistent with a diagnosis of CP secondary to perinatal injury. Lumbar spine imaging obtained due to his worsening constipation and pain while walking demonstrated an intramedullary, well-circumscribed, contrast-enhancing lesion in the conus medullaris. Postresection pathology revealed a pilocytic astrocytoma. Following surgery, the patient had improved constipation and lower extremity tone, allowing him to walk with bilateral heel strike. His symptomatic improvement supported the contribution of the tumor to his bowel dysfunction and gait abnormality.

This case of comorbid CP and conus pilocytic astrocytoma in a child with toe walking supports careful consideration of possible concurrent neurologic pathologies in the setting of atypical history and physical exam findings, such as pain while walking and bowel/bladder dysfunction. A higher degree of suspicion and consideration of parental report of pain while walking is especially important in cases in which the patient's ability to report subjective symptoms, such as pain, subtle bowel/bladder dysfunction, and sensory changes, is limited.
A Single Staged Reconstruction of Upper Eyelid and Eyelashes
Authors: Singh Taruna , Vathulya Madhubari , Agrawal Anand , Behl Ridima , Singh Anupam
Published: February 2024

The upper eyelid is a complex structural part of the face that plays an important role in protecting the cornea from drying and damage to preserve vision. The eyelashes are an essential part of the upper eyelid and help in protecting the eyes from dust, foreign bodies, and sweat. Being a part of the face, which is the most noticeable part of the body, both structures hold an important role in reconstructive procedures. Reconstruction of both structures simultaneously is tricky but helps reduce the number of procedures required in achieving an aesthetically acceptable eye. Our techniques describe the use of the paramedian forehead flap with an anterior hairline to reconstruct the upper eyelid and eyelashes in a single stage in a posttraumatic near-total upper eyelid defect with a favorable outcome. Depending on the parting of the patient's hair, the anterior hairline of one side can be included in the distal edge of the flap while raising, which can be inset so that the direction and orientation of the eyelashes perfectly match. Our technique refurbishes an established technique for eyelid reconstruction to include eyelash reconstruction at the same time, thus saving time and resources without any inconvenience to the patient.
Temporal CT Evaluation of the Relationships between Basic Anatomical Structures and the Round Window: Importance for the Cochlear Implant Surgery
Authors: Asal Neşe , Bayar Muluk Nuray , Bekin Sarikaya Pelin Zeynep
Published: February 2024

Objectives In the present study, we investigated the round window (RW) and neighboring anatomical structures using temporal computed tomography (CT) which are important for cochlear implant (CI) electrodes.

Methods In this retrospective study, the temporal CT images of 112 adult patients (45 males and 67 females) were evaluated. We classified mastoid pneumatization, and measured RW diameter, RW–carotid canal (CC) distance, RW–facial nerve mastoid segment (FNMS) distance, RW–pyramidal eminence distance, RW–jugular bulb (JB) distance, and RW–internal acoustic canal (IAC) distance. Additionally, RW–cochlea angle and RW–facial nerve angle were also measured.

Results RW diameters in males were significantly higher than those in females bilaterally (p < 0.05). RW–CC distance and RW–JB distance were both smaller than 10 mm. RW–IAC distance was 2.54 to 2.68 mm, and RW–FNMS distance was 4.20 to 4.40 mm. RW–cochlea angle ranged from 39.62 to 41.91 degrees and RW–FN angle ranged from 17.28 to 18.40 degrees. Males showed better mastoid pneumatization values (p < 0.05). In higher RW diameters, RW–JB distance decreased, and in pneumatized mastoids, RW–JB distance increased. RW–JB distance and RW–CC distance were detected to increase together (p < 0.05).

Conclusion RW is crucial anatomic structure for CI surgeries. RW diameters are between 1.21 and 1.35 mm and lower in the females. Males exhibited better mastoid pneumatization values than the females, and CC and JB distances from RW were farther in well-pneumatized mastoids. Future studies should include comprehensive clinical and surgical findings.
An integrated model exploring the relationship between self-efficacy, technology integration via Blackboard, English proficiency, and Saudi EFL students’ academic achievement
Authors: Al-khresheh Mohammad H. , Alkursheh Taha O.
Published: February 2024

The proliferation of technology in educational settings and its impact on learning outcomes has become a focal point in educational research. In language education, the interplay among technological tools, learner self-efficacy, and language proficiency is critical for academic success. This study aims to shed light on these dynamics by presenting a comprehensive structural model that elucidates the relationships and causal effects among students’ academic achievement, English proficiency, self-efficacy, and the utilization of instructional technology while focusing on the Blackboard learning management system. Employing a quantitative correlational design, this study used three questionnaires to measure the primary variables. The study sample included 590 university students from two universities purposively selected using random stratified sampling to ensure representativeness. Statistical analyses—including descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and structural equation modeling (path analysis)—were employed to investigate the data. The emergent model demonstrated a perfect fit to the sample data, exhibiting robust goodness-of-fit indicators. The findings highlight the direct positive influence of self-efficacy on academic achievement and the beneficial effects of Blackboard integration on English proficiency and academic success. These insights emphasize the importance of self-efficacy in educational achievement and the pivotal role of e-learning platforms in enhancing students’ motivation and linguistic skills. The implications of these results are profound, suggesting avenues for future research to examine the applicability of the structural model across diverse educational contexts and incorporate additional variables for a more granular understanding of the factors driving academic achievement in technology-enhanced learning environments.
Advancements in neural network techniques for electric and magnetic field reconstruction: Application to ion radiography
Authors: Jao C.-S. , Chen Y.-C. , Nikaido F. , Liu Y.-L. , Sakai K. , Minami T. , Isayama S. , Abe Y. , Kuramitsu Y.
Published: February 2024

In the realm of high-energy-density laboratory plasma experiments, ion radiography is a vital tool for measuring electromagnetic fields. Leveraging the deflection of injected protons, ion imaging can reveal the intricate patterns of electromagnetic fields within the plasma. However, the complex task of reconstructing electromagnetic fields within the plasma system from ion images presents a formidable challenge. In response, we propose the application of neural network techniques to facilitate electromagnetic field reconstructions. For the training data, we generate corresponding particle data on ion radiography with diverse field profiles in the plasma system, drawing from analytical solutions of charged particle motions and test-particle simulations. With these training data, our expectation is that the developed neural network can assimilate information from ion radiography and accurately predict the corresponding field profiles. In this study, our primary emphasis is on developing these techniques within the context of the simplest setups, specifically uniform (single-layer) or two-layer systems. We begin by examining systems with only electric or magnetic fields and subsequently extend our exploration to systems with combined electromagnetic fields. Our findings demonstrate the viability of employing neural networks for electromagnetic field reconstructions. In all the presented scenarios, the correlation coefficients between the actual and neural network-predicted values consistently reach 0.99. We have also learned that physics concepts can help us understand the weaknesses in neural network performance and identify directions for improvement.
GPU parallel computing based on PF-LBM method for simulating dendrites growth under natural convection conditions
Authors: Li Tianyu , Zhu Changsheng , Gao Zihao , Lei Peng , Liu Shuo
Published: February 2024

This study introduces a GPU-based parallel computing approach that combines the phase-field model (PF) and the lattice Boltzmann model (LBM). By establishing a coupled multiphase field model incorporating physical external fields such as flow field, temperature field, and solute field, the research simulates the growth of single grains and multiple grains under the influence of natural convection. The variations in dendritic morphology, flow field, and solute field during dendritic solidification processes are observed. Initially, the study analyzes the morphology of equiaxed dendrites and the growth patterns of primary dendrites arms under natural convection conditions. The evolution of equiaxed dendrites in single grains and multiple grains under various conditions is investigated. Furthermore, the study explores the impact of different anisotropy strengths on the growth of single grains and multiple grains under natural convection. Notably, a distinct “necking” phenomenon is observed when the anisotropy strength of a single grain is 0.05. In the case of multiple grains, where competition between dendrites is present in addition to the influence of natural convection, a pronounced “necking” phenomenon is evident at an anisotropy strength of 0.03. Moreover, OpenCL parallel technology is designed on the GPU platform to accelerate the solution of the model. The parallelization of the phase-field model coupled with the LBM model on the GPU demonstrates a clear advantage. The parallel computation based on GPU not only exhibits absolute superiority but also shows more significant acceleration effects as the computational domain increases.
Instant tough adhesion of polymer networks
Authors: Freedman Benjamin R. , Cintron Cruz Juan A. , Kwon Phoebe , Lee Matthew , Jeffers Haley M. , Kent Daniel , Wu Kyle C. , Weaver James C. , Mooney David J.
Published: February 2024

Generating strong rapid adhesion between hydrogels has the potential to advance the capabilities of modern medicine and surgery. Current hydrogel adhesion technologies rely primarily on liquid-based diffusion mechanisms and the formation of covalent bonds, requiring prolonged time to generate adhesion. Here, we present a simple and versatile strategy using dry chitosan polymer films to generate instant adhesion between hydrogel–hydrogel and hydrogel–elastomer surfaces. Using this approach we can achieve extremely high adhesive energies (>3,000 J/m
2
), which are governed by pH change and non-covalent interactions including H-bonding, Van der Waals forces, and bridging polymer entanglement. Potential examples of biomedical applications are presented, including local tissue cooling, vascular sealing, prevention of surgical adhesions, and prevention of hydrogel dehydration. We expect these findings and the simplicity of this approach to have broad implications for adhesion strategies and hydrogel design.
Homologous mutations in human β, embryonic, and perinatal muscle myosins have divergent effects on molecular power generation
Authors: Liu Chao , Karabina Anastasia , Meller Artur , Bhattacharjee Ayan , Agostino Colby J. , Bowman Greg R. , Ruppel Kathleen M. , Spudich James A. , Leinwand Leslie A.
Published: February 2024

Mutations at a highly conserved homologous residue in three closely related muscle myosins cause three distinct diseases involving muscle defects: R671C in β-cardiac myosin causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, R672C and R672H in embryonic skeletal myosin cause Freeman–Sheldon syndrome, and R674Q in perinatal skeletal myosin causes trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome. It is not known whether their effects at the molecular level are similar to one another or correlate with disease phenotype and severity. To this end, we investigated the effects of the homologous mutations on key factors of molecular power production using recombinantly expressed human β, embryonic, and perinatal myosin subfragment-1. We found large effects in the developmental myosins but minimal effects in β myosin, and magnitude of changes correlated partially with clinical severity. The mutations in the developmental myosins dramatically decreased the step size and load-sensitive actin-detachment rate of single molecules measured by optical tweezers, in addition to decreasing overall enzymatic (ATPase) cycle rate. In contrast, the only measured effect of R671C in β myosin was a larger step size. Our measurements of step size and bound times predicted velocities consistent with those measured in an in vitro motility assay. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations predicted that the arginine to cysteine mutation in embryonic, but not β, myosin may reduce pre-powerstroke lever arm priming and ADP pocket opening, providing a possible structural mechanism consistent with the experimental observations. This paper presents direct comparisons of homologous mutations in several different myosin isoforms, whose divergent functional effects are a testament to myosin’s highly allosteric nature.
Fabrication of gradient hydrogels using a thermophoretic approach in microfluidics
Authors: Kosmidis Papadimitriou Alexandros , Chong Shin Wei , Shen Yi , Lee Oisin Stefan , Knowles Tuomas P J , Grover Liam M , Vigolo Daniele
Published: February 2024

The extracellular matrix presents spatially varying physical cues that can influence cell behavior in many processes. Physical gradients within hydrogels that mimic the heterogenous mechanical microenvironment are useful to study the impact of these cues on cellular responses. Therefore, simple and reliable techniques to create such gradient hydrogels are highly desirable. This work demonstrates the fabrication of stiffness gradient Gellan gum (GG) hydrogels by applying a temperature gradient across a microchannel containing hydrogel precursor solution. Thermophoretic migration of components within the precursor solution generates a concentration gradient that mirrors the temperature gradient profile, which translates into mechanical gradients upon crosslinking. Using this technique, GG hydrogels with stiffness gradients ranging from 20 to 90 kPa over 600 µm are created, covering the elastic moduli typical of moderately hard to hard tissues. MC3T3 osteoblast cells are then cultured on these gradient substrates, which exhibit preferential migration and enhanced osteogenic potential toward the stiffest region on the gradient. Overall, the thermophoretic approach provides a non-toxic and effective method to create hydrogels with defined mechanical gradients at the micron scale suitable for in vitro biological studies and potentially tissue engineering applications.