bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVISIBLE DESTINY? BORDERLANDS AND
BORDERLANDERS AS THE TOPIC OF MUSEUM
DISPLAYS AFTER 1989
Authors: Sacha Magdalena Izabella
Published: August 2019

The question of presenting the heritage of the
Borderlands and the life of its inhabitants in Polish museums
after 1989 is tackled. The main focus of interest are displays
perceived as: 1) visual and public form of knowledge transfer;
2) the way of overcoming the trauma of losing one’s native
land; 3) tools for creating collective identity and 4) effects
of the participation of Borderland circles in creating the
display. The goal of the study is an overview of contemporary
exhibitions dedicated to the Eastern Borderlands, and the
experience of their loss as the result of WW II. Since the
residents of the Borderlands were relocated to the ‘former
German’ territories, the overview centres on the displays from the Western and Northern Territories.
Apart from the local and national aspects, what matters
is also the international dimension related to museum
presentations of the ‘lost land’ and the fate of migrants.
Therefore, the activity of Polish institutions is initially
shown in the European context, through recalling the legal
framework and working conditions of so called East German
museums commemorating the ‘German East’ lost by
Germany. The question of the reasons for the disproportion
in the presentation of the topic between Poland and
Germany is posed, while the to-date achievements of Polish
museologists are presented.
Análise da rugosidade do relevo utilizando a ferramenta Focal Statistics no município de Canguçu, RS / Relief roughness analysis using the Focal Statistics tool in the municipality of Canguçu, RS
Authors: Rademann Lucas Krein , Dutra Danilo Da Silva , De Souza Robaina Luís Eduardo , Trentin Romario
Published: August 2019

Nos últimos anos os estudos morfométricos do relevo tem avançado significativamente na obtenção de dados para a análise da paisagem, sendo a automatização através do uso de SIGs um dos principais diferenciais da análise morfométrica, trazendo velocidade de análise e diminuindo a subjetividade do pesquisador. Desta forma, esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a rugosidade do relevo do município de Canguçu – RS.  Para tanto utilizou-se da ferramenta de estatística de vizinhança Focal Statistics estabelecendo padrões do relevo, divididos em quatro classes. No município houve um predomínio da classe de relevo ondulado presente sob o maciço granítico mais resistente ao intemperismo. A classe de relevo levemente ondulado foi a segunda com maior ocorrência, com quase 20% da área total, associado as áreas de topo de divisores de água. De forma geral a metodologia empregada obteve resultados satisfatórios, permitindo uma análise geral do relevo do município, sendo uma importante contribuição para a análise morfométrica.Palavras–chave: Morfometria, Rugosidade do Relevo, Estatística Espacial, Canguçu – RS.Abstract In the last years, morphometric studies of the relief have advanced significantly in obtaining data for the landscape analysis, being the automation using SIGs one of the main differentials of the morphometric analysis, bringing faster analysis and reducing the subjectivity of the researcher. In this way, this work has as objective to analyse the roughness of the relief of the municipality of Canguçu - RS. In order to this, was used the neighbourhood statistics tool called Focal Statistics, establishing relief patterns, divided into four classes. In the municipality, there was a predominance of the class of undulated relief present under the granite massif more resistant to weathering. The slightly waved relief class was the second with the highest occurrence, with almost 20% of the total area, associated with the top areas of water dividers. In general, the methodology used obtained satisfactory results, allowing a general analysis of the relief of the municipality, being an essential contribution to the morphometric analysis.Keywords: Morphometry, Relief Roughness, Spatial Statistics, Canguçu - RS.
Sensoriamento Remoto Aplicado ao Mapeamento do Cerrado no Norte de Minas Gerais e suas Fitofisionomias
Authors: Gonçalves Borges Mariley , Antunes Rodrigues Hérick Lyncon , Esdras Leite Marcos
Published: August 2019

O Cerrado é fragmentado em fitofisionomias associadas às formações florestais, savânicas e campestres que apresentam características particulares e são classificadas de acordo com os estratos vegetais. Inserido nesse contexto, as técnicas de sensoriamento remoto são ferramentas que permitem identificar as características espectrais, espaciais e temporais de cada fitofisionomia, tornando possível constatar as alterações na paisagem dos Cerrados ao longo do tempo. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a ocorrência do Cerrado e suas fitofisionomias na mesorregião Norte de Minas Gerais. Este trabalho justifica-se pela necessidade de monitorar esse ecossistema que apresenta espécies vegetais endêmicas do Cerrado e com o crescimento do desmatamento, há risco de sua extinção. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em uma classificação supervisionada, usando o classificador Máxima Verossimilhança (Maxver), condições de bandas isoladas e vetorização de imagens, ambos realizados em softwares de geoprocessamento, tais como o ARC GIS 10.2 e ENVI 5.3. Como resultado, constata-se que o Cerrado sentido restrito e a Mata Seca são as fitofisionomias dominantes na região. A ocorrência do Cerrado sentido restrito são em áreas aplainadas e elevadas e a Mata Seca ocorre em Fundos de Vale e em áreas de maior declividade. Têm-se também no Norte de Minas Gerais, áreas referentes a Campos Rupestres, Cerradão, Campo Limpo, Campo Sujo, Veredas, Mata Ciliar e Mata de Galeria. Essas fitofisionomias apresentam menores áreas e com exceção do Campo Rupestre, localizam-se em baixas altitudes do semiúmido.
Der FC Bayern München im „Dritten Reich“. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichtspolitik des deutschen Rekordmeisters
Authors: Herzog Markwart
Published: August 2019

Since 1945, FC Bayern Munich has presented its role in the Third Reich as that of a victim of the National Socialist dictatorship. In contrast to many other football clubs, the club claims to have resisted the regime’s numerous expectations. Because of this allegedly courageous behavior, FC Bayern purports to have been “systematically discriminated against”. But since May 2016 have considerable doubts arisen. There is now evidence that FC Bayern’s self-image is a historical football myth that cannot withstand critical scrutiny. What is still missing, however, is a detailed description and critical analysis of the individual components of the historical myth. It is precisely this task that this article undertakes. Beginning with a brief historical overview of the current state of research on football clubs in the Third Reich, it then focuses on the various stages of the emergence of the historical myth from 1945 to the present day. It covers the arguments with which FC Bayern justified its alleged victim role. The most comprehensive section then goes through previously unknown archive sources, which prove that FC Bayern did not play the role of victim or even hero under the dictatorship. The penultimate section classifies FC Bayern’s history policy, insofar as it relates to the Nazi era, in the changing periods of the German culture of remembrance. The final section shows FC Bayern’s self-image in the Third Reich as a historical-political anachronism, and it also identifies future directions for research.
Das Ende der Naivität gegenüber China? Die Reform des europäischen Investitionskontrollregimes
Authors: Gottwald Jörn-Carsten , Schild Joachim , Schmidt Dirk
Published: August 2019

The European Union (EU) has introduced measures to better screen investments from third countries, in particular by enterprises and state actors of the People’s Republic of China. These measures highlight the profound change in bilateral relations which have turned from “strategic partnership” into “systemic rivalry”. Reacting to new Chinese policies of foreign trade and investment, the EU followed a revision of investment screening policies in the US. The EU has overcome deep splits among member states and established a new legal framework at the supranational level that leaves the ultimate screening and decision-making power to the national level. This paper identifies the changes in Chinese investment and investment policies and highlights key contents of the US legislation on investment control before discussing the new EU framework. It interprets the new measures as further examples of an increased reliance on state policies instead of market forces - by all partners involved.
Generationengerechte Haushalts wirtschaft durch nominale oder reale Kapitalerhaltung?
Authors: Fritze Christian
Published: August 2019

Zentrales Systemelement des doppischen öffentlichen Rechnungswesens ist der Haushaltsausgleich, durch den das Eigenkapital betragsmäßig erhalten und anhand dessen beurteilt werden soll, ob generationengerecht gewirtschaftet wurde. Unbeachtet bleiben jedoch die Inflation und der Anstieg der Güterpreise im Zeitablauf. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, ob die Erhaltung des Eigenkapitals auch auf eine generationengerechte Haushaltswirtschaft rückschließen lässt, wenn verbrauchtes Vermögen bei der Wiederbeschaffung teurer ist als bei der letzten Anschaffung. Daher werden zunächst die Schwächen des bisher verfolgten Kapitalerhaltungskonzepts hinsichtlich des Ziels „Generationengerechtigkeit“ identifiziert, stellvertretend anhand des kommunalen Haushaltsrechts NRW. Anschließend wird mit der Realkapitalerhaltung ein alternatives Konzept diskutiert, welches inflationsbedingte Preisänderungen beim wiederzubeschaffenden Vermögen berücksichtigt. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass dieses wegen praktischer Umsetzungs probleme zu kritisieren und bei genauerer Betrachtung der haushaltsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen auch gar nicht notwendig ist, um Generationengerechtigkeit zu gewähren.
Letters
Authors: Link Terry , King Joseph T.
Published: August 2019

Letters
Helping students delve deeper into books
Authors: Fogarty Ellie A. , Evans Nelson H.
Published: August 2019

Helping students delve deeper into books
Conference Circuit: Library fundraising tips and resources
Authors: Hoffman Irene M. , Smith Amy Sherman
Published: August 2019

Conference Circuit: Library fundraising tips and resources
Choosing Our Futures: Join the fun in and around Nashville
Authors: Hallblade Shirley
Published: August 2019

Choosing Our Futures: Join the fun in and around Nashville
Choosing Our Futures: Touring Nashville’s university libraries
Authors: Hallblade Shirley
Published: August 2019

Choosing Our Futures: Touring Nashville’s university libraries
Internet resources for the 1996 election
Authors: Library Instruction Committee ACRL Law and Political Science Section
Published: August 2019

Internet resources for the 1996 election
James Neal receives ACRL’s highest honor
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

James Neal receives ACRL’s highest honor
Choosing Our Futures: ACRL addresses the future, part 2
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Choosing Our Futures: ACRL addresses the future, part 2
COMMUNITY & COLLABORATION: The Community Partnerships Toolkit
Authors: Todaro Julie
Published: August 2019

COMMUNITY & COLLABORATION: The Community Partnerships Toolki
INTERNET RESOURCES: Chemistry sources
Authors: Lawal Ibironke
Published: August 2019

INTERNET RESOURCES: Chemistry sources
ACRL NATIONAL CONFERENCE: Denver preliminary program
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

ACRL NATIONAL CONFERENCE: Denver preliminary program
THE WAY I SEE IT: Digital books: Making e-books work for publishers and libraries
Authors: Dillon Dennis
Published: August 2019

THE WAY I SEE IT: Digital books: Making e-books work for publishers and libraries
COMMUNITY & COLLABORATION The Lone Ranger is dead
Authors: Wilson Betsy
Published: August 2019

COMMUNITY & COLLABORATION The Lone Ranger is dead
CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: LOEX-of-the-West 2000
Authors: Zambella BethAnn
Published: August 2019

CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: LOEX-of-the-West 2000
ACRL NATIONAL CONFERENCE: Denver diversions
Authors: Metter Ellen
Published: August 2019

ACRL NATIONAL CONFERENCE: Denver diversions
CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: ACRL/Harvard Leadership Institute
Authors: Hardesty Larry
Published: August 2019

CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: ACRL/Harvard Leadership Institute
CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: Creating the global library of the future
Authors: Rader Hannelore
Published: August 2019

CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: Creating the global library of the future
Practice Patterns and Outcomes Among Patients With N0M0 Prostate Cancer and a Very High Prostate-Specific Antigen Level
Authors: Muralidhar Vinayak , Nguyen Paul L. , Mahal Brandon A. , Yang David D. , Mouw Kent W. , Rose Brent S. , Beard Clair J. , Efstathiou Jason A. , Martin Neil E. , King Martin T. , Orio Peter F.
Published: August 2019

Background: Management of patients with a very high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (≥98.0 ng/mL) but clinically localized (N0M0) prostate cancer is challenging. This study sought to determine practice patterns and outcomes among these patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 748,825 patients with prostate cancer from 2004 through 2012 were identified using the National Cancer Database. These patients were subdivided by PSA level (0–9.9, 10.0–19.9, 20.0–39.9, 40.0–59.9, 60.0–79.9, 80.0–97.9, and ≥98.0 ng/mL), nodal status (N0 vs N1), and distant metastases (M0 vs M1). Rates of locoregional treatment and 5-year overall survival (OS) in each group were determined. Survival was compared using Cox regression after adjusting for multiple patient-specific factors. Results: The rate of locoregional treatment for patients with N0M0 disease and PSA level ≥98.0 ng/mL was significantly lower than for those with N1M0 disease (52.6% vs 60.4%; P<.001) or N0M0 disease and PSA level <98.0 ng/mL (52.6% vs 86.6%; P<.001). The 5-year OS rate was similar for patients with N1M0 disease and those with N0M0 disease and a very high PSA level (63.2% vs 59.1%; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.91; P=.063). The survival benefit associated with locoregional treatment was higher among those with N0M0 disease and a very high PSA level than among those with N1M0 disease (aHR, 0.28 vs 0.44; P<.001). Conclusions: Patients with clinical N0M0 disease and a very high PSA level (≥98.0 ng/mL) have outcomes similar to those with N1 disease but receive locoregional treatment at a lower rate. Future work is needed to investigate the utility of locoregional treatment in this population.
Impact of Cumulative Chemotherapy Dose on Survival With Adjuvant FEC-D Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Veitch Zachary , Khan Omar F. , Tilley Derek , Tang Patricia A. , Ribnikar Domen , Stewart Douglas A. , Kostaras Xanthoula , King Karen , Lupichuk Sasha
Published: August 2019

Background: Reductions in adjuvant chemotherapy dose <85% for historical regimens (ie, cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil) are known to affect breast cancer survival. This threshold, in addition to early versus late dose reductions, are poorly defined for third-generation anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy. In patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (FEC-D), we evaluated the impact of chemotherapy total cumulative dose (TCD), and early (FEC) versus late (D only) dose reductions, on survival outcomes. Patients and Methods: Women with stage I–III, hormone receptor–positive/negative, HER2-negative breast cancer treated with adjuvant FEC-D chemotherapy from 2007 through 2014 in Alberta, Canada, were included. TCD for cycles 1 to 6 of <85% or ≥85% was calculated. Average cumulative dose was also calculated for early (cycles 1–3) and late (cycles 4–6) chemotherapy. Survival outcomes (disease-free survival [DFS] and overall survival [OS]) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analysis. Cohorts were evaluated for uniformity. Results: Characteristics were reasonably balanced for all cohorts. Overall, 1,302 patients were evaluated for dose reductions, with 16% being reduced <85% (n=202) relative to ≥85% (n=1,100; 84%). Patients who received TCD ≥85% relative to <85% had superior 5-year DFS (P=.025) and OS (P<.001) according to Kaplan-Meier analysis, which remained significant on univariate and multivariate analyses. In stratified late and early dose reduction cohorts, DFS and OS showed a significant inferior survival trend for dose reduction early in treatment administration in 5-year Kaplan-Meier (P=.002 and P<.001, respectively) and multivariate analyses (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; P=.073, and HR, 1.77; P=.011, respectively). Dose delays of <14 or ≥14 days and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use did not affect outcomes. Conclusions: Chemotherapy TCD <85% for adjuvant FEC-D affects breast cancer survival. Late reductions (D only) were not shown to adversely affect DFS or OS. Conversely, early reductions (FEC±D) negatively affected patient outcomes.
Role of Locoregional Treatment in Vulvar Cancer With Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases: Time to Reconsider FIGO Staging?
Authors: Shinde Ashwin , Li Richard , Amini Arya , Chen Yi-Jen , Cristea Mihaela , Wang Wenge , Wakabyashi Mark , Han Ernest , Yashar Catheryn , Albuquerque Kevin , Beriwal Sushil , Glaser Scott
Published: August 2019

Background: Vulvar cancer with pelvic nodal involvement is considered metastatic (M1) disease per AJCC staging. The role of definitive therapy and its resulting impact on survival have not been defined. Patients and Methods: Patients with pelvic lymph node–positive vulvar cancer diagnosed in 2009 through 2015 were evaluated from the National Cancer Database. Patients with known distant metastatic disease were excluded. Logistic regression was used to evaluate use of surgery and radiation therapy (RT). Overall survival (OS) was evaluated with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards modeling (multivariate analysis [MVA]). A 2-month conditional landmark analysis was performed. Results: A total of 1,304 women met the inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 38 months for survivors. Chemotherapy, RT, and surgery were used in 54%, 74%, and 62% of patients, respectively. Surgery was associated with prolonged OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; P<.001) but had multiple significant differences in baseline characteristics compared with nonsurgical patients. In patients managed nonsurgically, RT was associated with prolonged OS (HR, 0.66; P=.019) in MVA. In patients undergoing surgery, RT was associated with better OS (3-year OS, 55% vs 48%; P=.033). Factors predicting use of RT were identified. MVA revealed that RT was associated with prolonged OS (HR, 0.75; P=.004). Conclusions: In this cohort of women with vulvar cancer and positive pelvic lymph nodes, use of RT was associated with prolonged survival in those who did not undergo surgery. Surgery followed by adjuvant RT was associated with prolonged survival compared with surgery alone.
Images de la femme aimée dans le cycle de Marie de Jean-Philippe Toussaint : entre roman et cinéma
Authors: Clamens-Nanni Frédéric
Published: August 2019

Avant de devenir l’une des figures de proue des Éditions de Minuit depuis les années 1980, Jean-Philippe Toussaint avait jeté son dévolu sur le cinéma, comme il l’explique dans L’urgence et la patience (2012). C’est pourtant vers la littérature qu’il s’est tourné, suivant un conseil de François Truffaut qui recommandait « à tous les jeunes gens qui rêvaient de faire du cinéma, mais qui n’en avaient pas les moyens, d’écrire un livre, de transformer leur scénario en livre » (L’urgence et la patience). Si l’écriture de Toussaint est considérée comme cinématographique par la critique, l’auteur refuse ce qualificatif parce que littérature et cinéma sont des arts distincts qui ne répondent pas aux mêmes intentions ni ne produisent les mêmes effets. Les images cinématographiques s’impriment sur une pellicule à partir de la lumière projetée sur des objets tangibles. Les images littéraires, quant à elles, sont « faite[s] de mots » (L’urgence et la patience). Le roman est le lieu où s’expérimente une nouvelle poétique de l’image qui puise ses sources dans la littérature et le cinéma ou, plus précisément, entre littérature et cinéma. En témoignent les images de la femme aimée dans le cycle de Marie. Point de mire du narrateur, l’héroïne n’est paradoxalement jamais décrite. Dans le spectacle Marie Madeleine Marguerite de Montalte que Toussaint a créé avec The Delano Orchestra à la Comédie de Clermont-Ferrand, l’écrivain a intégré des vidéos dans lesquelles l’héroïne n’est jamais visible, alors qu’il avait tourné une scène de Fuir au Louvre avec l’actrice Dolores Chaplin. Marie demeure mouvante, insaisissable. De telles images en creux ne sauraient être captées par l’objectif d’une caméra ; elles participent d’un art de la suggestion sollicitant un imaginaire syncrétique qui, entre roman et cinéma, convoque d’autres arts comme la peinture ou la photographie. Ainsi, l’écriture de Toussaint est plus visuelle que cinématographique.
Ascenseur pour l’échafaud en images fixes, Louis Malle en roman-photo
Authors: Baetens Jan
Published: August 2019

Le cinéma et la culture cinématographique ont suscité un grand nombre de genres nouveaux en littérature, dont certains sont plus renommés et surtout plus vivants que d’autres. Cet article analysera un genre très peu connu et aujourd’hui presque totalement oublié : le ciné-roman-photo, croisement du ciné-roman et du roman-photo et dont l’âge d’or se situe dans les années 1955-1965. Après avoir présenté les grandes caractéristiques de ce genre et les défis qu’il pose à la poétique du cinéma raconté, l’article analyse un exemple représentatif, à savoir deux ciné-romans-photos (l’un très court, de huit pages, l’autre de longueur plus habituelle, soit cinquante pages) tirés d’Ascenseur pour l’échafaud de Louis Malle (adapté du roman éponyme de Noël Calef). L’analyse se propose de mettre en lumière aussi bien les analogies que les différences entre ces deux versions, que tout devrait opposer mais qui se ressemblent aussi de manière assez étrange. Plus concrètement, la lecture tente d’interpréter les conséquences d’un aspect singulier de certains ciné-romans-photos, à savoir l’emploi de photos de plateau et non pas de photogrammes. Les effets de ce choix sont évalués à la lumière de l’esthétique de la contrainte, qui définit assez généralement un genre où très peu, à première vue, semble possible ou autorisé à ceux qui adaptent un film en ciné-roman-photo.
Acute net stress of young adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) is not sufficient to increase anxiety-like behavior and whole-body cortisol
Authors: Aponte Amy , Petrunich-Rutherford Maureen L.
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a popular model to study the mechanisms of physiological and behavioral effects of stress, due to the similarity in neural structures and biochemical pathways between zebrafish and mammals. Previous research in this vertebrate animal model has demonstrated an increase in whole-body cortisol resulting from an acute (30-second) net handling stress, but it remains unclear whether such a stressor will concomitantly increase anxiety-like behavior. In addition, as the previous study examined the effects of this acute stressor in adult zebrafish after a brief period of isolation, it is unclear whether this stressor would be effective in eliciting cortisol increases in younger aged subjects without isolation. In the current study, young adult zebrafish (approximately 90 days post-fertilization) were briefly exposed to a net handling stressor and were subsequently subjected to either the novel tank test or the light/dark preference test. The novel tank test was used to measure exploration and habituation in response to a novel environment, and the light/dark preference test was used to measure locomotor activity and scototaxis behavior. All subjects were sacrificed 15 minutes post-stressor and were analyzed for whole-body levels of cortisol. Contrary to expectations, there was no effect of acute net handling on cortisol levels. Similarly, acute net handling did not significantly induce anxiety-like behavior during the novel tank test or the light/dark preference test. Our findings demonstrate that there are possible developmental differences in response to an acute net handling stress, as we did not observe alterations in hormonal or behavioral measures of anxiety in young adult zebrafish. Alternatively, if zebrafish are not isolated before the stressor, they may be more resilient to a brief acute stressor. These results suggest the need for a different or more intense acute stressor in order further explore neuroendocrine mechanisms and anxiety-like behavior at this developmental stage in the zebrafish animal model.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals Profile in Different Brands of Infant Food Nutrition
Authors: Onuorah Ogochukwu Augustina , Sha'ato Rufus , Okeke Fina , Atanda Adekola Omololu , Elijah Agbele Idowu , Adebimpe Adegoke Abiodun , Kunle Adeniyi Adebayo
Published: August 2019

The concentrations of five essential metals in six selected (NAN, Cowbell, MY BOY, CERELAC, FRISO GOLD and NUTREND) infant formulae sold in Makurdi metropolis, were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance using SPSS 24 statistical software package. Significant differences in means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. There was significant difference in the levels of the trace metals in the different brands of infant formula milk. The results of the toxic trace metals show that Cr has the highest concentration of 6.175 ±0.001 mg/kg (Cowbell), when compared to other toxic trace metals analyzed. Milk based infant formula showed copper concentration ranged from 2.55±0.001– 6.357±0.001mg/kg, which was higher than the provisional tolerable daily intake of copper that is 3 mg/kg. Chromium, Copper, Manganese and lead were detected in the six brands of infant formula milk but they were below the limits set by World Health Organization (WHO). However, the intake levels of Cd in this study from these concentrations were below the WHO limits. These results validate and in some cases counter earlier reports on the composition of infant formula found in our local markets. Therefore, the concentrations of the studied elements were within the safe limits recommended by National Industrial Standard and the Institute of Medicine for foods but higher concentrations of trace metals in some brands of infant formulae above the recommended limit pose a risk of bioaccumulation.
Performance of Mutual Funds and Mutual Fund Manager in Pakistan
Authors: Aziz Syed Feroz
Published: August 2019

Purpose: This study examined the performance of mutual fund and mutual fund manager in Pakistan during the period of Jul, 2006 to Jun, 2016. The objective is to found the funds’ performance through risk and return and ability to forecast the funds return by mutual fund manager.

Methodology/Design: The data will be used from the authentic source of SBP publication (State Bank of Pakistan) and MUFAP (Mutual fund association of Pakistan) of 54 mutual funds working in Pakistan. The data will be analyzed by using Statistical tests of Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, Treynor measure and Information ratio.

Results: Results indicated that fund returns are found positive and significant against risk free securities but funds return against the market return and fund manager ability to forecast fund returns is found negative and insignificant the rate of return of an investment made in mutual funds.

Originality/Value: Islamic funds and Sortino and Information ratio based on our knowledge have not been studied by the previous researchers.
NiMo Solid Solution Nanowire Array Electrodes for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Nairan Adeela , Zou Peichao , Liang Caiwu , Liu Jiaxing , Wu Dang , Liu Peng , Yang Cheng
Published: August 2019

Developing high‐performance noble metal–free electrodes for efficient water electrolysis for hydrogen production is of paramount importance for future renewable energy resources. However, a grand challenge is to tailor the factors affecting the catalytic electrodes such as morphology, structure, and composition of nonprecious metals. Alloying catalytic metals can lead to a synergistic effect for superior electrocatalytic properties. However, alloy formation in solution at low synthesis temperatures may result in better catalytic properties as compared to those at high temperatures due to the controlled reaction kinetics of nucleation and growth mechanisms. Herein, an aqueous solution–based preparation technology is developed to produce NiMo alloy nanowire arrays. The NiMo alloy shows significantly improved hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity, featured with extremely low overpotentials of 17 and 98 mV at 10 and 400 mA cm−2, respectively, in an alkaline medium, which are better than most state‐of‐the‐art non‐noble metal–based catalysts and even comparable to platinum‐based electrodes. Analyses indicate that the lattice distortions induced by Mo incorporation, increased interfacial activity by alloy formation, and plenty of MoNi4 active sites at nanowires surface collectively contribute to remarkably enhanced catalytic activity. This study provides a powerful toolbox for highly efficient nonprecious metal–based electrodes for practical HER application.
Host–Guest Polypyrrole Nanocomplex for Three‐Stimuli‐Responsive Drug Delivery and Imaging‐Guided Chemo‐Photothermal Synergetic Therapy of Refractory Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ma Xiaotu , Li Xiaoda , Shi Jiyun , Yao Meinan , Zhang Xu , Hou Rui , Shao Nan , Luo Qi , Gao Yu , Du Shuaifan , Liang Xiaolong , Wang Fan
Published: August 2019

Despite the good prognosis of the low‐risk thyroid cancer, there are no truly effective treatments for radioactive iodine‐refractory thyroid cancer. Herein, a novel theranostic nanoplatform, as well as a smart doxorubucin (DOX) delivery system is fabricated. Gelatin‐stabilized polypyrrole nanoparticles are reported for the first time. The combination of gelatin‐stabilized polypyrrole and cyclodextrin‐DOX complexes enabling three‐stimuli‐controlled drug delivery, including the enzyme‐sensitive, pH‐sensitive and photothermal‐sensitive drug release, exhibiting a new way to equip photothermal agents with precisely controlled drug delivery. Anti‐galectin‐3 antibodies are utilized as the targeting molecules of nanoparticles in the first time, which surprisingly increase intracellular DOX uptake by enhanced clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, showing galectin‐3 can be employed as a highly efficient target of drug delivery systems. The nanoparticles achieve excellent photoacoustic imaging effect, enabled chemo‐photothermal combined therapy with pinpointed drug delivery. Compared to free DOX, these multifunctional nanoparticles decrease the heart damage, but greatly increase the tumor/heart ratio of DOX concentration by 12.9‐fold. The tumors are completely eradicated without any recurrence after the in vivo combined therapy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is also the first report to apply photoacoustic imaging‐guided chemo‐photothermal therapy for thyroid cancer, showing great potential to solve the dilemma in thyroid cancer therapy.
Confinement Catalysis with 2D Materials for Energy Conversion
Authors: Tang Lei , Meng Xianguang , Deng Dehui , Bao Xinhe
Published: August 2019

The unique electronic and structural properties of 2D materials have triggered wide research interest in catalysis. The lattice of 2D materials and the interface between 2D covers and other substrates provide intriguing confinement environments for active sites, which has stimulated a rising area of “confinement catalysis with 2D materials.” Fundamental understanding of confinement catalysis with 2D materials will favor the rational design of high‐performance 2D nanocatalysts. Confinement catalysis with 2D materials has found extensive applications in energy‐related reaction processes, especially in the conversion of small energy‐related molecules such as O2, CH4, CO, CO2, H2O, and CH3OH. Two representative strategies, i.e., 2D lattice‐confined single atoms and 2D cover‐confined metals, have been applied to construct 2D confinement catalytic systems with superior catalytic activity and stability. Herein, the recent advances in the design, applications, and structure–performance analysis of two 2D confinement catalytic systems are summarized. The different routes for tuning the electronic states of 2D confinement catalysts are highlighted and perspectives on confinement catalysis with 2D materials toward energy conversion and utilization in the future are provided.
Simple Approach to Overcome Thickness Tolerance of Interlayer without Sacrificing the Performances of Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Jeong Mijin , Jin Ho Cheol , Moon Doo Kyung , Kim Joo Hyun
Published: August 2019

Small‐molecule electrolyte (C6‐E‐OTs) hybridized ZnO layer is provided as the electron transporting layer. The device based on the blend of PTB7 and PC71BM as the active layer shows an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 7.6% based on ZnO to 8.8% using the C6‐E‐OTs hybridized ZnO layer. The device can be further improved by simultaneously using a C6‐E‐OTs hybridized ZnO layer and a 5 nm thick C6‐E‐OTs as the interlayer. The synergy effect of hybridization and interlayer enhanced the PCE of the device to 8.9%, which is a 17.1% increase in comparison with the device based on ZnO. The presence of C6‐E‐OTs hybridized ZnO and a 5 nm of C6‐E‐OTs as the interlayer in the device with PTB7‐Th as the donor significantly improves the PCE from 8.0% based on ZnO to 9.4%, resulting in a 17.5% enhancement. Main contribution for enhancing the PCE of the device is the improved Jsc, which results from the reduction of energy offset at the cathode interface. Thus, hybridized ZnO layer process can overcome the limitation faced by the thickness tolerance of interlayer.
Hybrid Laser Printing of 3D, Multiscale, Multimaterial Hydrogel Structures
Authors: Kunwar Puskal , Xiong Zheng , Zhu Yin , Li Haiyan , Filip Alex , Soman Pranav
Published: August 2019

Fabrication of multiscale, multimaterial 3D structures at high resolution is difficult using current technologies. This is especially significant when working with mechanically weak hydrogels. Here, a new hybrid laser printing (HLP) technology is reported to print complex, multiscale, multimaterial, 3D hydrogel structures with microscale resolution. This technique utilizes sequential additive and subtractive modes of fabrication, that are typically considered as mutually exclusive due to differences in their material processing conditions. Further, compared to current laser writing systems that enforce stringent processing depth limits, HLP is shown to fabricate structures at any depth inside the material. As a proof‐of‐principle, a Mayan pyramid with embedded cube frame is printed using synthetic polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel. Printing of ready‐to‐use open‐well chips with embedded microchannels is also demonstrated using PEGDA and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels for potential applications in biomedical sciences. Next, HLP is used in additive–additive modes to print multiscale 3D structures spanning in size from centimeter to micrometers within minutes, which is followed by printing of 3D, multimaterial, multiscale structures using this technology. Overall, this work demonstrates that HLP's fabrication versatility can potentially offer a unique opportunity for a range of applications in optics and photonics, biomedical sciences, microfluidics, etc.
Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Styrene Oxide Derivatives Using Halohydrin Dehalogenase for Synthesis of 4‐Aryloxazolidinones
Authors: Wan Nanwei , Tian Jiawei , Zhou Xiaoying , Wang Huihui , Cui Baodong , Han Wenyong , Chen Yongzheng
Published: August 2019

A biocatalytic approach towards a range of 4‐aryloxazolidinones is developed using a halohydrin dehalogenase from Ilumatobacter coccineus (HheG) as biocatalyst. The method is based on the HheG‐catalyzed α‐position regioselective ring‐opening of styrene oxide derivatives with cyanate as a nucleophile, producing the corresponding 4‐aryloxazolidinones in moderate to good yields. Synthesis of enantiopure 4‐aryloxazolidinones is also achievable using chiral epoxide materials.

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Fully Printed, Wireless, Stretchable Implantable Biosystem toward Batteryless, Real‐Time Monitoring of Cerebral Aneurysm Hemodynamics
Authors: Herbert Robert , Mishra Saswat , Lim Hyo‐Ryoung , Yoo Hyoungsuk , Yeo Woon‐Hong
Published: August 2019

This study introduces a high‐throughput, large‐scale manufacturing method that uses aerosol jet 3D printing for a fully printed stretchable, wireless electronics. A comprehensive study of nanoink preparation and parameter optimization enables a low‐profile, multilayer printing of a high‐performance, capacitance flow sensor. The core printing process involves direct, microstructured patterning of biocompatible silver nanoparticles and polyimide. The optimized fabrication approach allows for transfer of highly conductive, patterned silver nanoparticle films to a soft elastomeric substrate. Stretchable mechanics modeling and seamless integration with an implantable stent display a highly stretchable and flexible sensor, deployable by a catheter for extremely low‐profile, conformal insertion in a blood vessel. Optimization of a transient, wireless inductive coupling method allows for wireless detection of biomimetic cerebral aneurysm hemodynamics with the maximum readout distance of 6 cm through meat. In vitro demonstrations include wireless monitoring of flow rates (0.05–1 m s−1) in highly contoured and narrow human neurovascular models. Collectively, this work shows the potential of the printed biosystem to offer a high throughput, additive manufacturing of stretchable electronics with advances toward batteryless, real‐time wireless monitoring of cerebral aneurysm hemodynamics.
Intermolecular 1,4‐Carboamination of Conjugated Dienes Enabled by Cp*RhIII‐Catalyzed C−H Activation
Authors: Pinkert Tobias , Wegner Tristan , Mondal Shobhan , Glorius Frank
Published: August 2019

A protocol for the three‐component 1,4‐carboamination of dienes is described. Synthetically versatile Weinreb amides were coupled with 1,3‐dienes and readily available dioxazolones as the nitrogen source using [Cp*RhCl2]2‐catalyzed C−H activation to deliver the 1,4‐carboaminated products. This transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and affords the products with high levels of regio‐ andE‐selectivity. Mechanistic investigations suggest an intermediate RhIII–allyl species is trapped by an electrophilic amidation reagent in a redox‐neutral fashion.
Using water‐miscible nonionic hydrophobic monomer associating HPAM as drag reducing agent
Authors: Jing Xianwu , Liu Youquan , Li Wei , Xu Yuan , Huang Zhiyu
Published: August 2019

A water‐miscible nonionic surfmer (AC‐TX100) was synthesized based on Triton X‐100 and acryloyl chloride. Then, a terpolymer P(AM/AA/AC‐TX100) was synthesized by free radical polymerization in aqueous solution and intended to be used as drag reducing agent (DRA). The DRA was defined to be P(AM87.32/AA12.46/AC‐TX1000.22) according to 1H NMR and elemental analysis, the molecular weight was 2.12 × 106 g/mol according to scattering method. DRA shows excellent performance in drag reduction (DR). The highest DR rate of 76% can be obtained when DRA concentration is 0.023% in fresh water; while in brine containing 3% NaCl, DR rate decreases, and it is necessary to increase the concentration to 0.05% to ensure that DR rate is higher than 70%. SEM and cryo‐TEM show that DRA forms a network structure in aqueous solution, and the tightness of this structure has a direct influence on DR performance. Specifically, DRA molecules stretch into the whirlpools generated by water at high flow rates, reducing the quantity and intensity of whirlpools, thereby lowering the energy loss and the friction. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48362.
Peripheral Nervous System Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results From an International Inception Cohort Study
Authors: Hanly John G. , Li Qiuju , Su Li , Urowitz Murray B. , Gordon Caroline , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Romero‐Diaz Juanita , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Bernatsky Sasha , Clarke Ann E. , Wallace Daniel J. , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur , Merrill Joan T. , Fortin Paul R. , Gladman Dafna D. , Bruce Ian N. , Petri Michelle , Ginzler Ellen M. , Dooley M. A. , Steinsson Kristjan , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Zoma Asad A. , Manzi Susan , Nived Ola , Jonsen Andreas , Khamashta Munther A. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Svenungsson Elisabet , van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Aranow Cynthia , Mackay Meggan , Ruiz‐Irastorza Guillermo , Ramos‐Casals Manuel , Lim S. Sam , Inanc Murat , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Jacobsen Soren , Peschken Christine A. , Kamen Diane L. , Askanase Anca , Theriault Chris , Farewell Vernon
Published: August 2019

Objective

To determine the frequency, clinical characteristics, associations, and outcomes of different types of peripheral nervous system (PNS) disease in a multiethnic/multiracial, prospective inception cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Methods

Patients were evaluated annually for 19 neuropsychiatric (NP) events including 7 types of PNS disease. SLE disease activity, organ damage, autoantibodies, and patient and physician assessment of outcome were measured. Time to event and linear regressions were used as appropriate.

Results

Of 1,827 SLE patients, 88.8% were female, and 48.8% were white. The mean ± SD age was 35.1 ± 13.3 years, disease duration at enrollment was 5.6 ± 4.2 months, and follow‐up was 7.6 ± 4.6 years. There were 161 PNS events in 139 (7.6%) of 1,827 patients. The predominant events were peripheral neuropathy (66 of 161 [41.0%]), mononeuropathy (44 of 161 [27.3%]), and cranial neuropathy (39 of 161 [24.2%]), and the majority were attributed to SLE. Multivariate Cox regressions suggested longer time to resolution in patients with a history of neuropathy, older age at SLE diagnosis, higher SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 scores, and for peripheral neuropathy versus other neuropathies. Neuropathy was associated with significantly lower Short Form 36 (SF‐36) physical and mental component summary scores versus no NP events. According to physician assessment, the majority of neuropathies resolved or improved over time, which was associated with improvements in SF‐36 summary scores for peripheral neuropathy and mononeuropathy.

Conclusion

PNS disease is an important component of total NPSLE and has a significant negative impact on health‐related quality of life. The outcome is favorable for most patients, but our findings indicate that several factors are associated with longer time to resolution.
Diagnostic accuracy of dynamic contrast‐enhanced perfusion MRI in stratifying gliomas: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Okuchi Sachi , Rojas‐Garcia Antonio , Ulyte Agne , Lopez Ingeborg , Ušinskienė Jurgita , Lewis Martin , Hassanein Sara M , Sanverdi Eser , Golay Xavier , Thust Stefanie , Panovska‐Griffiths Jasmina , Bisdas Sotirios
Published: August 2019

Background

T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been broadly utilized in the evaluation of brain tumors. We aimed at assessing the diagnostic accuracy of DCE‐MRI in discriminating between low‐grade gliomas (LGGs) and high‐grade gliomas (HGGs), between tumor recurrence and treatment‐related changes, and between primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and HGGs.

Methods

We performed this study based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies criteria. We systematically surveyed studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of DCE‐MRI for the aforementioned entities. Meta‐analysis was conducted with the use of a random effects model.

Results

Twenty‐seven studies were included after screening of 2945 possible entries. We categorized the eligible studies into three groups: those utilizing DCE‐MRI to differentiate between HGGs and LGGs (14 studies, 546 patients), between recurrence and treatment‐related changes (9 studies, 298 patients) and between PCNSLs and HGGs (5 studies, 224 patients). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for differentiating HGGs from LGGs were 0.93, 0.90, and 0.96, for differentiating tumor relapse from treatment‐related changes were 0.88, 0.86, and 0.89, and for differentiating PCNSLs from HGGs were 0.78, 0.81, and 0.86, respectively.

Conclusions

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced‐Magnetic resonance imaging is a promising noninvasive imaging method that has moderate or high accuracy in stratifying gliomas. DCE‐MRI shows high diagnostic accuracy in discriminating between HGGs and their low‐grade counterparts, and moderate diagnostic accuracy in discriminating recurrent lesions and treatment‐related changes as well as PCNSLs and HGGs.
Profiles of the Essential Oils and Headspace Analysis of Volatiles from Mandragora autumnalis Growing Wild in Tunisia
Authors: Arbia Feten , Ayari‐Gribaa Olfa , Souilem Fedia , Chiboub Wiem , Zardi‐Berguaoui Afifa , Jannet Hichem Ben , Ascrizzi Roberta , Flamini Guido , Harzallah‐Skhiri Fethia
Published: August 2019

Mandragora autumnalis Bertol. (Solanaceae family), synonym of M. officinalis Mill., occurs in North Africa and grows natively in Northern and Central Tunisia, in humid to sub‐arid climates. The ripe fruits of mandrake are odiferous with a particular, indescribable, specific odor, shared, to a lesser extent, by the leaves and roots. We carried out an investigation of the essential oils (EOs) and of the aromatic volatiles emitted by fresh leaves, roots and ripe fruits of M. autumnalis growing wild in Central Tunisia. The EOs were obtained from freshly collected plant material by hydrodistillation, while the volatile emissions from the powdered M. autumnalis tissues were sampled by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME); both types of samples were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fifty‐one compounds representing 96.2–98.6 % of the total oil compositions were identified in the three tissues and belonged to different chemical classes specifically in 16 esters, 12 alcohols, 12 hydrocarbons, 6 ketones, 3 aldehydes and 3 acids. The main constituents were pentadecanoic acid (34.2 %) and hexadecanol (26.3 %). A total of 78 volatile compounds emanating from M. autumnalis tissues, representing 94.1–96.4 % of the total volatile compositions, were identified: 22 esters, 11 alcohols, 9 aldehydes, 14 ketones, 7 nitrogen, 10 hydrocarbons, 2 lactones, 1 sulfur and 2 ethers. Ethyl hexanoate (12.3 %) and 1,3‐butanediol (12.3 %) were at the highest relative percentages. This study characterizes and distinguishes M. autumnalis from Tunisia and attributes the compounds responsible for the intoxicating and particular odor of fruits. Chemosystematic of Mandragora autumnalis based on the identification of essential oils and headspace volatiles of each of its organ can be used to characterize this species according to its geographic distribution.
Endovascular coil embolization of a complex aortic arch pseudoaneurysm following arch stenting
Authors: Meijs Timion A. , Krings Gregor J. , Molenschot Mirella M. C. , Voskuil Michiel
Published: August 2019

Pseudoaneurysm formation is a life‐threatening complication of thoracic aortic stenting due to the high risk of rupture. When located in the aortic arch, anatomic features may pose difficulties in choosing the optimal treatment strategy. Here, we describe the first poststenting aortic arch pseudoaneurysm treated by endovascular coil embolization. This approach, which we performed in a multidisciplinary setting, may be a feasible alternative in patients not considered suitable for open repair or stent‐grafting. As an acute pseudoaneurysm may develop and rapidly expand during the first days after aortic stenting, early follow‐up imaging is preferable.