bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El periodismo narrativo español y latinoamericano: influencias, temáticas, publicaciones y puntos de vista de una generación de autores
Authors: Palau-Sampio Dolors , Cuartero-Naranjo Antonio
Published: May 2018

El periodismo narrativo ha experimentado un auge importante en Latinoamérica, al calor del llamado boom de la crónica latinoamericana. A nivel más modesto, en el ámbito español, ha logrado un particular impulso de la mano de editoriales especializadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es contrastar puntos de vista, temáticas, influencias y publicaciones entre periodistas españoles y latinoamericanos. Metodología. El estudio parte de entrevistas en profundidad a 22 destacados representantes del periodismo narrativo de España, Argentina y Chile. Resultados y conclusiones. Pese a la diversidad de denominaciones, los periodistas de ambas latitudes coinciden al identificar las claves del género y apuntan las dificultades para su desarrollo, por la falta de espacios en la prensa convencional, que han absorbido el libro y las revistas. A la versatilidad temática se suman algunas diferencias entre autores españoles y latinoamericanos, tanto al abordar la estructura narrativa como en la reciprocidad de las referencias profesionales.
Ciberactivismo y movimientos sociales. El espacio público oposicional en la tecnopolítica contemporánea
Authors: Sierra-Caballero Francisco
Published: May 2018

La revolución digital ha modificado radicalmente el sistema convencional de medios y representación política contribuyendo a mutaciones culturales en la esfera pública que exige una conceptualización distinta del proceso de mediación social. El impulso de la democracia participativa en red con las nuevas tecnologías de la información valida hoy la existencia de un nuevo ecosistema informativo que hace posible el denominado espacio público oposicional (EPO). En la nueva cultura mediática, el proceso de comunicación se ha liberado por completo de las coordenadas y restricciones históricas de la cultura política tradicional, facilitando la acción colectiva de los nuevos movimientos urbanos. Los entornos complejos del ciberespacio y las redes tecnológicas demandan en este marco una investigación crítica capaz de describir y comprender las condiciones sociotécnicas del mundo electrónico posmoderno a partir de las prácticas y representaciones del nuevo imaginario de la tecnopolítica contemporánea. La Teoría de la Comunicación no se ha replanteado sin embargo las nociones al uso de espacio público ante las formas emergentes de intercambio y acción colectiva. El presente trabajo avanza una propuesta conceptual que, desde la escuela crítica, redefina procesos en curso como el 15M o movimientos sociales como Yo Soy 132 desde un análisis estructural y económico-político de la teoría social de la mediación.
Nano-Thick Amorphous Oxide Layer Produced by Plasma on Type 316L Stainless Steel for Improved Corrosion Resistance Under Plastic Deformation
Authors: Dorri Megan Mahrokh , Turgeon Stéphane , Cloutier Maxime , Chevallier Pascale , Mantovani Diego
Published: May 2018

Localized corrosion constitutes a major concern in medical devices made of stainless steel. The conventional approach to circumvent such a problem is to convert the surface polycrystalline microstructure of the native oxide layer to an amorphous oxide layer, a few micrometers thick. This process cannot, however, be used for devices such as stents that undergo plastic deformation during their implantation, especially those used in vascular surgery for the treatment of cardiac, neurological, and peripheral vessels. This work explores the feasibility of producing a nano-thick plastic-deformation resistant amorphous oxide layer by plasma-based surface modifications. By varying the plasma process parameters, oxide layers with different features were produced and their properties were investigated before and after clinically-relevant plastic deformation. These properties and the related corrosion mechanisms were mainly evaluated using the electrochemical methods of open-circuit potential, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results showed that, under optimal conditions, the resistance to corrosion and to the permeation of ions in a phosphate buffered saline, even after deformation, was significantly enhanced.
Cloud condensation nuclei activity of CaCO3 particles with oleic acid and malonic acid coatings
Authors: Wang Mingjin , Zhu Tong , Zhao Defeng , Rubach Florian , Wahner Andreas , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Mentel Thomas F.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Condensation of carboxylic acids on mineral particles leads to
coatings and impacts the particles' potential to act as cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN). To determine how the CCN activity of
mineral particles is impacted by carboxylic acid coatings, the CCN
activities of CaCO3 particles and CaCO3 particles
with oleic acid and malonic acid coatings were compared in this
study. The results revealed that small amounts of oleic acid coating
(volume fraction (vf) ≤4.3 %) decreased the CCN activity
of CaCO3 particles, while more oleic acid coating (vf ≥16 %) increased the CCN activity of CaCO3
particles. This phenomenon has not been reported before. In contrast, the CCN activity of CaCO3 particles coated with
malonic acid increased with the thickness of the malonic acid
coating (vf =0.4–40 %). Even the smallest amounts of malonic
acid coating (vf =0.4 %) significantly enhanced the CCN
activity of CaCO3 particles from κ=0.0028±0.0001 to κ=0.0123±0.0005. This indicates that a small
amount of water-soluble organic acid coating may significantly
enhance the CCN activity of mineral particles. The presence of water
vapor during the coating process with malonic acid additionally
increased the CCN activity of the coated CaCO3 particles,
probably because more CaCO3 reacts with malonic acid when
sufficient water is available.
A source mechanism for magnetotail current sheet flapping
Authors: Juusola Liisa , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Ganse Urs , Battarbee Markus , Brito Thiago , Grandin Maxime , Turc Lucile , Palmroth Minna
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The origin of the flapping motions of the current sheet in the Earth's magnetotail is one of the most interesting questions of magnetospheric dynamics yet to be solved. We have used a polar plane simulation from the global hybrid-Vlasov model Vlasiator to study the characteristics and source of current sheet flapping in the center of the magnetotail. The characteristics of the simulated signatures agree with observations reported in the literature. The flapping is initiated by a hemispherically asymmetric magnetopause perturbation, created by subsolar magnetopause reconnection, that is capable of displacing the tail current sheet from its nominal position. The current sheet displacement propagates downtail at the same pace as the driving magnetopause perturbation. The initial current sheet displacement launches a standing magnetosonic wave within the tail resonance cavity. The travel time of the wave within the local cavity determines the period of the subsequent flapping signatures. Compression of the tail lobes due to added flux affects the cross-sectional width of the resonance cavity as well as the magnetosonic speed within the cavity. These in turn modify the wave travel time and flapping period. The compression of the resonance cavity may also provide additional energy to the standing wave, which may lead to strengthening of the flapping signature. The suggested mechanism could act as a source for kink-like waves that have been observed to be emitted from the center of the tail and to propagate toward the dawn and dusk flanks.
Landscape analysis of soil methane flux across complex terrain
Authors: Kaiser Kendra E. , McGlynn Brian L. , Dore John E.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Relationships between methane (CH4) fluxes and environmental conditions
have been extensively explored in saturated soils, while
research has been less prevalent in aerated soils because of the relatively
small magnitudes of CH4 fluxes that occur in dry soils.
Our study builds on previous carbon cycle research at Tenderfoot
Creek Experimental Forest, Montana, to identify how environmental conditions
reflected by topographic metrics can be leveraged to estimate watershed scale
CH4 fluxes from point scale measurements. Here, we measured soil
CH4 concentrations and fluxes across a range of landscape positions (7 riparian, 25 upland),
utilizing topographic and seasonal (29 May–12 September) gradients to examine the relationships between
environmental variables, hydrologic dynamics, and CH4 emission and
uptake. Riparian areas emitted small fluxes of CH4 throughout the study
(median: 0.186 µg CH4–C m−2 h−1) and uplands increased
in sink strength with dry-down of the watershed (median: −22.9 µg CH4–C m−2 h−1). Locations with volumetric water content (VWC)
below 38 % were methane sinks, and uptake increased with decreasing VWC.
Above 43 % VWC, net CH4 efflux occurred, and at intermediate VWC net
fluxes were near zero. Riparian sites had near-neutral cumulative seasonal
flux, and cumulative uptake of CH4 in the uplands was significantly
related to topographic indices. These relationships were used to model the
net seasonal CH4 flux of the upper Stringer Creek watershed (−1.75 kg CH4–C ha−1). This spatially distributed estimate was 111 % larger
than that obtained by simply extrapolating the mean CH4 flux to the
entire watershed area. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying
the space–time variability of net CH4 fluxes as predicted by the
frequency distribution of landscape positions when assessing watershed scale
greenhouse gas balances.
Pleistocene glacial history of the New Zealand subantarctic islands
Authors: Rainsley Eleanor , Turney Chris S. M. , Golledge Nicholas R. , Wilmshurst Janet M. , McGlone Matt S. , Hogg Alan G. , Li Bo , Thomas Zoë A. , Roberts Richard , Jones Richard T. , Palmer Jonathan G. , Flett Verity , de Wet Gregory , Hutchinson David K. , Lipson Mathew J. , Fenwick Pavla , Hines Ben R. , Binetti Umberto , Fogwill Christopher J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The New Zealand subantarctic islands of Auckland and Campbell, situated between the Subtropical Front and the Antarctic Convergence in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, provide valuable terrestrial records from a globally-important climatic region. Whilst the islands show clear evidence of past glaciation, the timing and mechanisms behind Pleistocene environmental and climate changes remain uncertain. Here we present a multidisciplinary study of the islands – including marine and terrestrial geomorphological surveys, extensive analyses of sedimentary sequences, a comprehensive dating program, and glacier flowline modelling – to investigate multiple phases of glaciation across the islands. We find evidence that the Auckland Islands hosted a small ice cap at 384,000 ± 26,000 years ago (384 ± 26 ka), most likely during Marine Isotope Stage 10, a period when the Subtropical Front was pushed northwards by seven degrees, and consistent with hemispheric-wide glacial expansion. Despite previous interpretations that suggest the maximum glacial extent occurred in the form of valley glaciation at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~ 21 ka) age, our combined approach suggests minimal LGM glaciation across the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands, and that no glaciers were present during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR; ~ 15–13 ka). Instead, our flowline modelling, constrained by field evidence, implies that despite a regional mean annual air temperature depression of ~ 5 °C during the LGM, a combination of high seasonality and low precipitation left the islands incapable of sustaining significant glaciation. We suggest that northwards expansion of winter sea ice during the LGM and subsequent ACR led to precipitation starvation across the mid to high latitudes of the Southern Ocean, resulting in restricted glaciation of the subantarctic islands.
The Norwegian forecasting and warning service for rainfall- and snowmelt-induced landslides
Authors: Krøgli Ingeborg K. , Devoli Graziella , Colleuille Hervé , Boje Søren , Sund Monica , Engen Inger Karin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) have run a
national flood forecasting and warning service since 1989. In 2009, the
directorate was given the responsibility of also initiating a national
forecasting service for rainfall-induced landslides. Both services are part
of a political effort to improve flood and landslide risk prevention. The
Landslide Forecasting and Warning Service was officially launched in 2013 and
is developed as a joint initiative across public agencies between NVE, the
Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET), the Norwegian Public Road
Administration (NPRA) and the Norwegian Rail Administration (Bane NOR). The
main goal of the service is to reduce economic and human losses caused by
landslides. The service performs daily a national landslide hazard assessment
describing the expected awareness level at a regional level (i.e. for a
county and/or group of municipalities). The service is operative 7 days a
week throughout the year. Assessments and updates are published at the
warning portal http://www.varsom.no/ at least twice a day, for the
three coming days. The service delivers continuous updates on the current
situation and future development to national and regional stakeholders and to
the general public. The service is run in close cooperation with the flood
forecasting service. Both services are based on the five pillars: automatic
hydrological and meteorological stations, landslide and flood historical
database, hydro-meteorological forecasting models, thresholds or return
periods, and a trained group of forecasters. The main components of the
service are herein described. A recent evaluation, conducted on the 4 years
of operation, shows a rate of over 95 % correct daily assessments. In
addition positive feedbacks have been received from users through a
questionnaire. The capability of the service to forecast landslides by
following the hydro-meteorological conditions is illustrated by an example
from autumn 2017. The case shows how the landslide service has developed into
a well-functioning system providing useful information, effectively and on
time.
The Environmental Conditions of Agency: John Dewey and Jane Jacobs on Diversity and the Modern Urban Landscape
Authors: Howell Whitney
Published: May 2018

In this article, I examine the formative relation between individuals and their environment to consider more specifically how urban environments support individual agency. I draw on John Dewey's account, in Individualism, Old and New (1930), of the transformation of American society through rapid industrialization, the rise of corporate culture, and their effects on individual psychology. Dewey's analysis demonstrates the role of environmental conditions in motivating and sustaining individual development and thus draws on his earlier work in Democracy and Education (1916), in which he identifies environmental features of democratic societies—namely, diversity and openness to change—as crucial for individual growth and well-being. Drawing on Jane Jacobs's monumental work The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961), I show how urban environments enact the democratic ideals Dewey identifies. Following Dewey's and Jacobs's accounts, I argue that the psychological health of city inhabitants—and, correspondingly, the vitality of the cities where they live—depends on their dynamic relation to an environment that values diversity and offers opportunities for growth. It is only in the context of such a relation—that is, as embedded in and supported by an environment that reflects their own possibilities—that individuals can realize agency.
Royce on Self and Relationships: Speaking to the Digital and Texting Self of Today
Authors: Kegley Jacquelyn Ann
Published: May 2018

Is Internet and phone technology impacting our understanding of “self” and changing the way we relate to each other? Have we given up a strong self-identity for self-presentation and self-promotion? As anonymous individuals we are losing our inhibitions and also a sense of ethical commitment and responsibility. This essay argues that Josiah Royce's philosophy provides a rich resource for addressing these problems. He understood how technology brings about changes in conceptions of self and of relationships. He experienced firsthand the changes in social relations and self-understanding brought about by the mining technology of his time, and he recognized the dangers that media technology posed, including the leveling of opinions and the loss of individuality. More importantly, his theory of self and self-development is fruitful in addressing the problems posed by interaction in a disembodied Internet world, and his theory of community speaks to the isolation and loneliness promoted by the Internet and the starving of our capacity to communicate face-to-face fostered by the new phone technology.
Radical Holiness Mission Theory in the Church of the Brethren Experience
Authors: Kostlevy William
Published: May 2018

The Radical Holiness movement deeply impacted not only emerging Holiness and Pentecostal denominations but existing churches. This impact was especially felt by the so-called Peace Churches of Friends, Mennonites, and the Church of the Brethren. This essay explores the understudied Brethren experience. It describes Brethren mission theory in the Social Gospel era and its relationship to currents in the broader Protestant world. While denominational mission board members followed a more moderate course, pastors and missionaries nurtured at Bethany Bible School, later Bethany Theological Seminary, drew on Radical Holiness currents. The most important was Anna Beahm Mow, missionary to India, professor, and popular evangelical author. For Mow the essence of the Christian or surrendered life was living a life devoted to and shaped by Christ, not support for programs or institutions.
Of Exterior and Exception: Latin American Rhetoric, Subalternity, and the Politics of Cultural Difference
Authors: Cortez José M.
Published: May 2018

The question of non-Western difference has come to feature prominently across the field of comparative rhetoric, where it is often presupposed that an irreducible difference separates Western from non-Western rhetorical and cultural production. It is on the basis of this presupposition that critics have established a politics of comparative inquiry, whereby restituting the pure consciousness of a non-Western subaltern subject is understood to subvert the hegemony of Western thought. But what exactly is the nature of this difference? In this article I examine the recent turn toward Latin America in the field of comparative rhetoric to argue that this presupposition serves as a constitutive topos—that the object of Latin America is invented rhetorically in the very act of comparative inquiry—and that this presupposition yields a political impasse that the field has yet to think through. Drawing on recent work in Latin American studies, I argue for a rearticulated notion of subalternity as a methodological approach for dealing with this impasse.
Rhetorical Action inRektoratsrede: Calling Heidegger'sGefolgschaft
Authors: Sharpe Matthew
Published: May 2018

This article analyzes Heidegger's rhetoric in his most famous political address, the Rektoratsrede, which he delivered at the University of Freiburg on 27 May 1933. After I set out the political and philosophical kairos of the Rektoratsrede by drawing on Heidegger's contemporary lectures, letters, and Ponderings, in part 2 I use classical rhetorical resources and Heidegger's philosophy of temporality in Sein und Zeit (1927) to analyze the arrangement of his speech. In part 3, I examine two key National Socialist terms in the speech's climax. In part 4, I consider Heidegger's elocutio—his artful use of charged figures of speech and thought in the Rektoratsrede—in more detail. Concluding remarks reflect on the value and limits of the analysis in the context of debates about Heidegger's politics and its imbrication with his thought.
Assessing the Status Quo of EHR Accessibility, Usability, and Knowledge
Dissemination
Authors: Khairat Saif , Coleman George Cameron , Russomagno Samantha , Gotz David
Published: May 2018

Aim: This study was performed to better characterize accessibility to electronic
health records (EHRs) among informatics professionals in various roles, settings, and
organizations across the United States and internationally.Background: The EHR landscape
has evolved significantly in recent years, though challenges remain in key areas such as
usability. While patient access to electronic health information has gained more
attention, levels of access among informatics professionals, including those conducting
usability research, have not been well described in the literature. Ironically, many
informatics professionals whose aim is to improve EHR design have restrictions on EHR
access or publication, which interfere with broad dissemination of findings in areas of
usability research.Methods: To quantify the limitations on EHR access and publication
rights, we conducted a survey of informatics professionals from a broad spectrum of
roles including practicing clinicians, researchers, administrators, and members of
industry. Results were analyzed and levels of EHR access were stratified by role,
organizational affiliation, geographic region, EHR type, and restrictions with regard to
publishing results of usability testing, including screenshots.Results: 126 respondents
completed the survey, representing all major geographic regions in the United States.
71.5 percent of participants reported some level of EHR access, while 13 percent
reported no access whatsoever. Rates of no-access were higher among faculty members and
researchers (19 percent). Among faculty members and researchers, 72 percent could access
the EHR for usability and/or research purposes, but, of those, fewer than 1 in 3 could
freely publish screenshots with results of usability testing and half could not publish
such data at all. Across users from all roles, only 21 percent reported the ability to
publish screenshots freely without restrictions.Conclusions: This study offers insight
into current patterns of EHR accessibility among informatics professionals, highlighting
restrictions that limit dissemination of usability research and testing. Further
conversations and shared responsibility among the various stakeholders in industry,
government, health care organizations, and informatics professionals are vital to
continued EHR optimization.
The Impact of Tax Deduction Ratio Reduction on Dividend Payouts Under the Integrated Tax System: Evidence From Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Sue-Tzeng , Chen Ying-Hsiang , Lin Ching-Chieh , Lee Wen-Chih
Published: May 2018

Taiwan passed the Robust Financial Administrative System in 2014. Regarding the imputation tax system, the tax credit of imputation was reduced from 100% to 50%, effective in 2015. In other words, contrary to the year 2014, only the half of tax paid by companies can be used by individuals to offset personal income taxes under the new system. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether dividend payouts are influenced by this tax reform. In addition, whether the companies known for stable dividends have changed their dividend payout ratios. Results show that the dividend payout ratios decreased after the tax reform was reduced, indicating that companies used this tax reform to enact tax planning for stockholders. This study also finds that companies offering stable dividends maintain similar dividend policies in the dividend payout ratios.
Estilística Léxica e o Discurso Jurídico nas Sentenças da Vara Maria da Penha no Combate à Violência Doméstica Contra a Mulher
Authors: Canezin Claudete Carvalho
Published: May 2018

É o presente artigo um estudo acerca da estilística léxica nos discursos jurídicos das sentenças que envolvem a violência contra a mulher na Vara Maria da Penha, na comarca de Londrina-Paraná. Assim como o Direito, a linguagem é uma instituição social reguladora das relações humanas, funcionando, portanto, como mediadora entre a pessoa e a realidade cotidiana que a cerca. Infelizmente, em muitas situações, a linguagem é utilizada de forma nociva, donde é possível vislumbrar itens lexicais e avaliativos utilizados de forma pejorativa, tal como acontece em músicas, propagandas, e até mesmo em piadinhas de mau gosto que circulam nas redes sociais e que acabam camuflando a agressividade contra a mulher, violência esta que não precisa ser especificamente física, mas também moral e psicológica, e, neste contexto, as palavras são armas poderosas. A fim de coibir a violência contra a mulher, foi editada a Lei nº 11.340/2006, conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha. A partir de sua promulgação, todos os processos envolvendo violência de gênero passaram a tramitar nos Juizados Especiais Criminais da Varas Maria da Penha.  Pretende-se, pois, através da análise da estilística léxica, voltar olhares e trazer para a pauta do estudo a análise de itens lexicais e avaliativos comuns no discurso jurídico das sentenças dos processos que tramitam na Vara Maria da Penha, inclusive, com a transcrição de parte dos relatórios, preservando as partes envolvidas por se tratar de segredo de justiça.
Bela, recatada e do lar: uma análise discursiva das posições-sujeito da mulher na revista Veja
Authors: Silva Dalexon Sérgio da , Azevedo Nadia Pereira da Silva Gonçalves de , Figueiras Arthur De Araújo
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho analisa discursivamente um corpus constituído por uma matéria publicada pela revista Veja em 18 de abril de 2016, na qual se apresentam posições-sujeito de Marcela Temer, esposa de Michel Temer, o vice-presidente do Brasil, na época da reportagem. Assim, à luz da perspectiva teórica e dos procedimentos analíticos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa (AD), este trabalho mobiliza o conceito de formação discursiva, sujeito, posições-sujeito e demais elementos constitutivos dessa linha de pesquisa, baseado, principalmente, nos estudos de Pêcheux (1997, 1999, 2014), Pêcheux e Fuchs (1993), Orlandi (1987, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2007), Foucault (2010), Fernandes (2008) e Mussalim e Bentes (2003), para mostrar como os sentidos estão à deriva e sempre escapam ao provocarem deslizamentos, ao serem inscritos noutras condições de produção do discurso.
Leitura crítica de texto multimodal em língua inglesa: uma proposta didática
Authors: Francescon Paula Kracker , Rorato Déborah Caroline Cardoso Pereira
Published: May 2018

Inserido na área da Linguística Aplicada, no campo de ensino e aprendizagem de língua estrangeira, com foco em multiletramentos, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar uma proposta didática de leitura em língua inglesa a partir de conceitos de multimodalidade e letramento crítico. Essa proposta parte de uma cena de filme, considerado como texto multimodal, para desenvolver trabalho que proporcione reflexão sobre questões de preconceito, retratado em sociedade diferente da dos alunos. Com isso, buscamos propor uma atividade de ensino de língua inglesa que contemple as linguagens utilizadas em textos multimodais, assim como reflexão crítica sobre um tema que entendemos necessário de ser debatido em sala de aula.
Relação entre reconhecimento e compreensão de voz: experimento para análise linguística
Authors: Manfio Edio Roberto , Manfio Edio Roberto
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é, avaliando o desempenho de um dispositivo que atende a comandos por voz, demonstrar diferenças existentes entre reconhecimento de voz e compreensão de voz, considerando algumas variantes do Português Brasileiro. Para este estudo, de caráter interdisciplinar, foram consultadas informações sobre o ALiB - Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (CARDOSO, 2014), Fonética e Fonologia (SILVA, 1999) Processamento de Sinais da Fala (YNOGUTI, 1999; HUGO, 1995), o próprio dispositivo (ELECHOUSE, 2014) e resultados de outras pesquisas realizadas pelo autor (MANFIO, 2014; MANFIO; MORENO; BARBOSA, 2014a, 2014b). O procedimento consistiu em gravar três grupos de palavras - comandos - na memória do dispositivo e expô-lo a variantes da cada uma delas, além de outras com grande proximidade fônica. Embora as variantes linguísticas tenham ficado em evidência, o objeto de estudo principal foi o próprio dispositivo. Verificou-se que esse dispositivo realiza apenas o reconhecimento de voz - e nunca a compreensão. Suspeita-se, ademais, que a maioria dos dispositivos similares no mercado pode apresentar a mesma deficiência.
Desafios do livro didático de Língua Portuguesa: o ensino do diminutivo a partir do texto
Authors: Macena Elizabeth Da Silva
Published: May 2018

Esta pesquisa investiga como o livro didático de Língua Portuguesa do Projeto Teláris aprovado no PNLD (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático) de 2012, aborda o uso do diminutivo no volume do 6° ano do Ensino Fundamental. Constituem o corpus deste trabalho, portanto, os textos e atividades presentes em duas das unidades do volume 1 do livro didático da referida coleção. Com base nos trabalhos de Antunes (2007, 2012, 2014), Bagno (2013), Cunha e Cintra (2001) e Marcuschi (2010), foram verificadas questões referentes a como ocorre a contextualização das atividades, a importância que se dá à norma gramatical ou ao uso linguístico e o papel do texto nas propostas de atividades voltadas ao léxico e à língua. Conclui-se a partir da análise que o uso do texto como ponto de partida para o estudo da língua é bem contemplado na coleção, no entanto, esta deixa a desejar em relação à abordagem das variedades linguísticas nas atividades analisadas.
Nitrogen fertilization in the contents of secondary compounds in cassava cultivars
Authors: Gazola Diego , Zucareli Claudemir , Ringenberg Rudiney , Graça José Perez da , Hoffmann-Campo Clara Beatriz
Published: May 2018

The production of chemical substances is a strategy of plants to defend against the attack of pest insects. The synthesis of secondary compounds in plants is influenced by genotype and cultural management, such as the use of nitrogen fertilizers. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizer over time on the production of secondary compounds in two industrial cassava cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse (25 ± 5 °C) of Embrapa Soybean in Londrina, Paraná, with the cultivation of potted plants (4l) in a 2 × 4 × 3 factorial scheme, with five replications. Two genotypes of industrial cassava (‘Baianinha’ and ‘Caiuá’) and four different nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1) were used, with sampling at 15, 30, and 45 d after fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization was performed 50 d after sprouting. In the apical leaves, the levels of rutin, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were evaluated in a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Exploratory analyses were performed on the data variables to verify the assumptions for analysis of variance (ANOVA), such as the independence and normality of errors, homogeneity of treatment variances and non-additivity of the model (they were submitted to analysis of homogeneity and normality, respectively. After these tests, ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p ? 0.05) were performed. For the quantitative data concerning the N rates, regression study analyzes were performed. The Caiuá cultivar was found to have a higher ferulic acid content. The caffeic acid content decreased over time after the application of N in both cultivars. The rutin content in both cultivars did not increase with an increase in nitrogen dose. At a dose of 90 kg ha-1, both cultivars presented a lower p-coumaric acid content after 30 d.
Salmonella Heidelberg resistant to ceftiofur and disinfectants routinely used in poultry
Authors: Stefani Lenita Moura , Neves Gabriella Bassi das , Brisola Maiara Cristiane , Crecencio Regiane Boaretto , Pick Eduarda Caroline , Araujo Denise Nunes
Published: May 2018

Bacteria of the genus Salmonella may infect humans and domestic animals, causing a serious public health problem worldwide. Nowadays, Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH) is among the top three serovars isolated from people with salmonellosis and it is present in the poultry production chain. Moreover, it seems to be more invasive than other serotypes that cause enteritis. The overall status of the antimicrobial resistant of Brazilian strains of SH is still unknow. The bacterium may use similar mechanisms of resistance to antibotics, as well as disinfectants such as the efflux system and enzymatic degradation of chemical compounds. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for ceftiofur of SH isolated from different materials of poultry origin, as well as to verify the relation between antibiotic resistance and disinfectant resistance. In addition, the screening efflux system was performed, using ethidium bromide to determine the presence of this mechanism of resistance. MIC results indicated high levels of SH resistance to ceftiofur, indicating the need for alternative drugs to treat salmonellosis. The concentration of ceftiofur needed to eliminate SH resistant isolates were 32 times higher than the therapeutic dose. Regarding disinfectants, most of the disinfectants tested were efficient to eliminate SH, however one isolate was resistant to glutaraldehyde-quaternary ammonia. All isolates were negatives in the screening efflux system, which suggest a different mechanism of resistance. It is possible to conclude that SH shows a real threat to poultry production, and caution should be taken when choosing the right antibiotic and disinfectant against this serovar.
Anatomical distribution and population dynamics of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in cattle in the municipality of Óleo, São Paulo
Authors: Neves Ana Helena Ferrazzini Marvullo , Vidotto Odilon
Published: May 2018

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestation is responsible for significant economic losses in cattle industry. The use of acaricides at strategic times and selection of resistant animals can minimize economic losses. This study aimed to determine the anatomical distribution and population dynamics of R. microplus in the municipality of Óleo, state of São Paulo. This study was conducted using eight male cattle, crossbred zebu-taurine (in accordance with the regional herd). Female R. (B.) microplus, greater than 4 mm, present in the right side of the animals were counted between April 2012 and March 2013. The highest tick number per animal was noted in October (128.25), and the lowest in April (35.5), with three infestation peaks during the study, in May, October, and December, which were influenced by the minimum and maximum mean temperature and rainfall. Among the cranio-caudal regions (anterior, median, and posterior), the posterior had the highest mean tick number, and the anterior had the lowest. The minimum temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation interfered with infestation of dorsoventral regions: in cold months, the lowest infestations were found in the mixed area (ear and tail); in the warm months, in the high region (head, neck, upper ribs, flank, and rump). The lower region (dewlap, cranial limb, lower ribs, abdomen, prepuce, scrotum, and lower limb) always had the highest mean tick number. The tick numbers of the caudal limb and crotch showed strong correlation with the total tick number (+0.88 and +0.70, respectively). These data, grouped according to median, posterior, and crotch regions, showed a stronger correlation with the total tick number (+0.96, +0.90, and +0.70, respectively).
Cattle tick infestation in Brangus cattle raised with Nellore in central Brazil
Authors: Andreotti Renato , Barros Jacqueline Cavalcante , Garcia Marcos Valerio , Rodrigues Vinicius Da Silva , Higa Leandro De Oliveira Souza , Duarte Pamella Oliveira , Blecha Isabella Mauimi Zaidan , Bonatte-Junior Paulino
Published: May 2018

The present study evaluated the behavior of Rhipicephalus microplus naturally infesting Brangus cattle raised with Nellore animals in the municipality of Água Clara, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. For the field experiment composed of a group with 15 Brangus animals and 15 Nellore animals and a control group with 30 Brangus cattle, all at the post-weaning stage. The 2 groups were kept for 6 months in 2 adjacent paddocks, naturally infested with ticks, at a stocking rate of approximately 0.6 of an animal unit per hectare (AU/ha). Every 18 days, the animals were weighed, and ticks on both sides of each bovine were counted. Every 36 days, blood was collected for hematocrit measurement and molecular diagnosis of the 3 pathogens that cause tick fever. The Brangus animals had 6.8 times more ticks than the Nellore cattle. No significant difference was observed in the weight gain of the Brangus and Nellore animals, and no correlation between the number of ticks and weight was observed in either group. During the 6 months of the study, all animals presented normal hematocrit, were positive for Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale, and were negative for Babesia bovis. Animals in Group 1 produced 27% fewer ticks than the animals in Group 2. The production rate of engorged female ticks in Nellore and Brangus cattle was 0.83% and 2.01%, respectively. Considering the infestation pattern required to produce 10 engorged females/day/animal, the Nellore and Brangus animals required 1,204 and 497 larvae/day, respectively. Our estimates showed that Brangus cattle need only 11.3% of the larvae in the pastures with Nellore cattle to maintain the infestation level observed in the present study. Brangus animals raised with Nellore cattle do not have a lower parasitic load and continue to suffer from tick infestation. Finally, Nellore cattle raised with Brangus cattle do not act as a cleaner because this grouping does not contribute to a reduced infestation in the Brangus animals.
Serological diagnosis and molecular characterization of Leptospira spp. in the blood and urine of bovine females from refrigerated slaughterhouses
Authors: Oliveira Aliny Fernanda de , Chiderolli Roberta Torres , Gasques Luciano Seraphim , Gonçalves Arianne Peruzo Pires , Neves Érica Dourado , Ferreira Bruna Paula Martins , Giordano Lucienne Garcia Pretto , Freitas Julio Cesar de , Pereira Ulisses De Pádua , Gonçalves Daniela Dib
Published: May 2018

Leptospirosis is an important socioeconomic disease in humans, as well as in domestic and wild animals, being caused by Leptospira spp. Bovine animals are considered reservoirs of this disease, because they intermittently disseminate the bacteria into the environment through their urine. In this way, the cattle an important source of Leptospira infection. The objective of this study was to detect Leptospira spp. antibodies and DNA in bovine females from two refrigerated slaughterhouses in the microregion of Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil. In particular, blood and urine samples from 52 crossbred bovine females older than 36 months from the two slaughterhouses were used. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to detect leptospiral antibodies, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing were used to detect Leptospira DNA. The MAT yielded 22 (42.3%) serum samples considered reagent, while the nested PCR test resulted in one amplified sample (1.9%) of 289 bp. This single sample was then amplified again using primers for the SecY gene (549 bp). Sequencing of this gene characterized the bacteria as L. borgpetersenii that were similar to the serovar Hardjo of the genotype Hardjobovis. This is the first molecular confirmation of Hardjobovis-like L. borgpetersenii in the urine of crossbred bovine females older than 36 months from slaughterhouses in the microregion of Umuarama. This study’s results show that it is important to combine serological and molecular diagnosis in the detection of Leptospira spp. Therefore, both methods were used to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of this disease in bovine animals from the microregion of Umuarama. In addition, the analysis informed the subsequent adoption of preventive measures and educational One Health actions to prevent economic losses related to the herd, as well as social losses related to workers and the environment.
Application of hormonal subdoses at acupoint Hou Hai in estrus synchronization protocols of goats
Authors: Cardoso Reuber De Carvalho , Barbosa Larissa Pires , Souza Rosiléia Silva , França Caline Santana da , Ribeiro Junior Manoel Diran Maia , Santana Ana Lúcia Almeida , Jesus Ronival Dias Lima de , Santos Rosimere Santana dos
Published: May 2018

The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of hormonal subdoses at acupoint Hou Hai in estrus synchronization of goats. Sixty-nine females goats received intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate for seven days and were randomly distributed among three treatments: T1 (n = 23): application of 125 ?g of PGF2? on the sixth day (D6) and 300 UI of eCG on the seventh day (D7), both intramuscularly (IM); T2 (n = 23) and T3 (n = 23): application 37.5 ?g of PGF2? at D6 and 90 UI of eCG at D7, applied by Hou Hai acupuncture and false acupuncture (IM), respectively. The goats were subjected to hormonal protocol and monitored for the coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters. The data were subjected to normality analysis, followed by appropriate statistical tests for each variable. Greater numbers of estrus goats were obtained in treatments one (T1 = 100%) and three (T3 = 91.3%) (p < 0.05). No difference was observed (p > 0.05) for sponge removal intervals at the beginning (35.9 h) and end (59.8 h) of estrus, and for the duration of estrus (24.7 h), gestation rate at 30 (77%) and 60 (76.7%) days, and prolificacy (1.9). The use of PGF2? and eCG in subdoses applied to the Hou Hai acupoint or false acupoint was efficient in synchronizing estrus in goats, based on the rate of gestation and prolificity of the animals.
Do fibrolytic, proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes influence the in vitro fermentation characteristics of forage?
Authors: Freiria Lucien Bissi da , Zervoudakis Joanis Tilemahos , Paula Nelcino Franciso de , Cabral Luciano Da Silva , Tedeschi Luis Orlindo , Silva Pedro Ivo José Lopes da Rosa e , Melo Alan Carlos Barboza , Possamai Adriano Jorge
Published: May 2018

The effects of increasing doses of three exogenous enzymes preparations with fibrolytic activity (FIB - 0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mg mL-1liquid volume incubated), amylolytic activity (AMZ - 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg mL-1liquid volume incubated), and proteolytic activity (PRO - 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg mL-1 liquid volume incubated ) on gas production (GP), kinetic parameters, and fermentation profile of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu were evaluated using the in vitro gas production technique. Ruminal liquid was obtained from two rumen-cannulated Santa Inês sheep maintained on pasture. Accumulated gas production was measured during 96 hours of incubation, measured at 18 different time points. The determined parameters were pH, asymptotic gas production (mL g-1), rate of gas production (h-1), lag time (h), organic matter digestibility (OMD, g g-1 DM), metabolizable energy (ME, MJ kg-1 DM), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, mg g-1 DM). Increasing the FIB dose linearly increased (P < 0.05) the asymptotic gas production. However, the rate of gas production and the lag time showed linear decreases (P < 0.05). Addition of FIB also linearly increased (P < 0.05) the GP at all incubation times, as well as the OMD, NDFD and ME. Addition of AMZ linearly increased (P < 0.05) the asymptotic gas production, but GP linear increased (P < 0.05) only at the 6-hour and 12-hour time points. The rate of gas production and the lag time decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to increasing AMZ addition. Inclusion of PRO did not affect (P > 0.05) asymptotic gas production, but there was quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the rate of gas production, the lag time, and the GP at the 6-hour and 12-hour time points. The OMD, NDFD and ME were not affected by PRO addition. Thus, fibrolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes are effective in reducing the lag time and increasing the in vitro gas production from Brachiaria Brizantha cv. Marandu forage, and fibrolytic enzymes improve the in vitro fermentation profile.
Technical and economic efficiency of bovine weighing methods
Authors: Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Vieira Juliana Aparecida , Lima Francisco Helton Sá de , Demeu Fabiana Alves , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , Pereira Adriano , Vicente Fabio Henrique , Casas Pedro Salermo
Published: May 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical and economic efficiency of different methods of cattle weighing, and to develop mathematical equations to estimate the breakeven point for the adoption of electronic weighing, i.e., to estimate how many animals are required for the acquisition and use of an electronic scale to be economically viable. The survey was conducted in confined beef cattle, from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology in the south of Minas Gerais, IFSUL DE MINAS, Muzambinho Campus, from July to December 2014. Two methods of weighing cattle were evaluated: an electronic scale and a tape measure, using a barimetric tape for dairy cattle and a barimetric tape for beef cattle, and a conventional tape measure involving the conversion of centimeters into body weight using a specific table. Thirty-three animals identified with plastic ear tags were weighed using each method. Animals of the Nellore, Senepol, Girolando, and Red-angus breeds, aged 0–1, 1–2, and 2–3 years, were weighed 402 times in total. The time taken to weigh animals with the electronic scale was the lowest, followed by that with the barimetric tape, and that with conventional tape measure with conversion. The electronic scale exhibited the greatest technical efficiency, owing to the lack of error and the lowest time required to weigh animals. However, the costs associated with the use of this equipment were the highest, which depended on the purchasing cost. The mathematical equations developed will help technicians and cattle farmers to rapidly and precisely estimate the minimum number of animals that should compose a production system to ensure economic viability for the adoption of an electronic method to weigh cattle.