bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Object Transparency Via Charge-Coupled Device Mathematical Modelling Assessment
Authors: Raisin Syarfa Najihah , Jamaludin Juliza , Ismail Irneza , Balakrishnan Sharma Rao , Sahrim Mus’ab , Naeem Bushra , Jamal Mohamad Farah Aina , Mohd Zain Ahmad Syahmi , Mohd Fauzi Abdullah Solihin
Published: April 2024

This research discusses an application of Couple-Charge Device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography (OPT) system. Tomography is a system that could capture a cross-sectional image based on sensor data scattered across the periphery of the examining device in the non-invasive and non-intrusive framework. This project focuses on quantifying the level of object transparency based on CCD and mathematical modelling assessment. The objective of this project is to investigate the light refraction, reflection and absorption effect on object transparency. The study will include a discussion on the light parameters and its mathematical expression. The voltage output measured by CCD defines the degree of intensity of light obtained after penetrating through different object transparency. In conclusion, this research has successfully proved the potential of CCD in OPT configuration to detect different size diameters of a targeted transparent object, which is an air bubble in non-flowing crystal-clear liquid.
The Impact of Microsoft Teams’ App in Enhancing Teaching- Learning English during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) from the English teachers’ perspectives’ in Jenin city
Authors: R. K. Bsharat Tahani , Behak Fariza
Published: April 2024

This study stresses the global impact of Microsoft teams’ app in enhancing teaching-learning English during the Coronavirus (COVID-19). As one of the preventive steps for transmitting coronavirus infection, the introduction of lockdown and social distancing has been implemented, resulting in complete paralysis of global activities. There exists a shift from the usual learning practice to online learning, especially the complete shutdown of the education system to comply with the academic curriculum. This can be cited with more online courses, workshops, meetings, etc. It should be remembered that, during this crisis, the world is fully dependent on information technology. The present research offers, therefore, an insight into the impact of Microsoft teams’ app in enhancing teaching-learning English during Coronavirus (COVID-19). Thus, the sample was chosen conveniently from the population of English language teachers and included (25) teachers, 56% of them were females, 52% ageing 31 to 40 years old, with 48% indicating a teaching experience over ten years questionnaire consisted of (15) items of one dimension developed by the researchers based on their experiences and the available literature, In addition, the teachers indicated that the most significant feature of Ms. Teams is that it enables students to share files and share content and that it includes screen sharing options that allow teachers the freedom to display what they choose during a class, indicating that it creates an interactive atmosphere between students, teachers and the community inside and outside the classroom. Furthermore, the researchers recommended using Microsoft teams’ app and giving the English language teachers, students, and parents online workshops on how to use the app, also for the ministry of education to adopt the app.
Multiple Sclerosis – Challenges in Diagnosis
Authors: Mohammad Kazmin Nur Ezzaty , Tan Hui Jan , Solehan Hana Maizuliana , Fatimah Zanirah  , Tan Wei Ming , A Bakar M Firdaus , Samad Sarah Zulaikha
Published: April 2024

Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system, and is uncommon among the Asian population. It can present with a variety of symptoms, depending on the location of the demyelinating plaques, which could also potentially mimic a range of neurological and non-neurological disorders. We report a 24-year-old woman who presented with recurrent non-specific lower limb numbness, without any other neurological symptoms or signs. The symptoms were presumed to be nonspecific, but they re-occurred eight months later, leading to a more extensive investigation, including whole spine and brain MRI. The MRI showed multiple white matter lesions that are hyperintense on T2W/FLAIR, seen at the right corona radiata, bilateral parietal lobes, right periventricular region and spinal cord, with a simultaneous presence of gadolinium-enhancing and nonenhancing lesions, fulfilling 2017 Mc Donald’s diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis. After the careful exclusion of differential diagnoses, she was given pulsed IV methylprednisolone for 5 days, followed by oral teriflunomide. She improved partially, and at 2 months following discharge, she was tolerating the medication well with no further relapses.
Fabella Syndrome of Bilateral Knee with Common Peroneal Nerve Compression Neuropathy
Authors: Shiraaj Zainul Abiddin  , Mohd Hisham Mohd Isa
Published: April 2024

Fabella syndrome is a rare, often underdiagnosed cause of recurrent posterolateral knee pain. It can disrupt the common peroneal nerve because of its anatomical location at the lateral head of the gastrocnemius at the lateral femoral condyle, where the nerve typically passes. Far East Asians have been shown to have a higher prevalence of fabella syndrome attributed to their genetic predisposition combined with mechanical causes. Failure to adequately identify a common peroneal nerve neuropathy associated with fabella syndrome can lead to recurrent visits, unnecessary examinations, and surgical procedures. Here, we present a case of a patient presenting with recurrent posterolateral knee pain and a slapping gait. Therefore, a high index of suspicion for fabella syndrome is warranted by a physician to diagnose this condition for the best outcome for the patient.
Value-Added Products from Pumpkin Wastes: A Review
Authors: Nor Alia Najihah Md Noh  , Karim Latiffah , Siti Radhiah Omar
Published: April 2024

Conversion of agricultural residues into valuable products has become an important study in the industry. Generally, they are made up of lignocellulose biomass which requires a particular method such as pretreatment to enhance the desired yield to produce the end product. However, pumpkin is commercialized in very little way in Malaysia, and their processing generates tons of seeds and peels as byproducts. Not to mention the fact that pumpkin wastes have many beneficial nutrients and dry matter that can be utilized in many ways. Pumpkin peel is particularly rich in glucose content and can be converted through several main steps in bioethanol production; pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation which usually uses fungi to obtain fermentable sugar and followed by distillation. Furthermore, bioactive compounds such as carbohydrate, protein, minerals, fatty acid and a significant value on antioxidant compounds like tocopherol, phenols and carotenes are also found in pumpkin seed. On top of that, pumpkin seeds and peels contain quite an amount of pectin that can be extracted through acid hydrolysis and have great potential as gelling agents and thickeners in the food industry as an alternative source from the commercial pectin. These have proven that the usage of pumpkin residuals not only it can provide good benefits to human, in fact, various valuable products can be produced in a cheaper and sustainable way.
Solvent Fractionation of Technical Lignin Materials with Industrially Relevant Solvents
Authors: Romakkaniemi Idamaria , Ahola Juha , Panula-Perälä Johanna , Mikola Marja , Pyörälä Juuso , Tanskanen Juha
Published: April 2024

Lignin fractionation aims at dividing the original lignin material into more uniform fractions that have the qualities desired for further processing of the material. Solvent fractionation is a versatile method that produces a soluble and an insoluble fraction with varying compositions, including molecular weight distribution, polydispersity (PDI), and phenolic hydroxyl (OHph) content. These properties are key factors in the further downstream applicability of lignin. Kraft, organosolv, and hydrolysis lignins were fractionated using multiple solvents and their water solutions with a single-stage fractionation protocol. The produced fractions were analyzed for their molecular size distribution and OHph content. Soluble fractions were discovered with desirable qualities, including a narrow size distribution (lowest PDI 1.4) and accumulation of OHph groups (up to 3.05 mmolOH/glignin). Three fractionation solvents, i.e., pure isopropanol, pure ethanol, and 30% γ-valerolactone, were found to produce solvent-specific soluble fractions that had relatively identical characteristic Mw, Mn, and PDI values regardless of the initial lignin material. This is crucially important new data that is beneficial for robust lignin applicability at industrial scale. Other important observations were made regarding water-alcohol solutions, as the increase in initial solid content resulted in changes in the composition of the fractions produced. Further applicability of the obtained fractions is examined in this paper. Patterns as well as differences between the three lignin materials were observed in their dissolution and the resulting compositions of the soluble fractions. This wide comparable dataset of industrially relevant solvents and lignin materials provides significant insight into the possibilities of lignin downstream processing.
Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la calidad de vida de para-atletas con lesiones cerebrales
Authors: Herrera Felipe , Cornejo Maria Isabel , Henriquez Matías , Bernardes Nathalia , Auricchio Jose Ricardo , Castelli Campos Luis Felipe , Muñoz Hinrichsen Fernando Ignacio
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue describir el impacto del confinamiento causado por la pandemia de COVID-19 en la calidad de vida de para-atletas chilenos con lesiones cerebrales. Método: En este estudio participaron cuarenta futbolistas masculinos pertenecientes a equipos de clubes locales para-deportivos de Chile. Todos los participantes completaron el cuestionario de calidad de vida WHOQOL-BREF en dos momentos diferentes (antes y durante la pandemia). Resultados: Se encontró una reducción significativa en la percepción general de la calidad de vida entre los diferentes periodos. Además, los dominios físico, psicológico, social y ambiental presentaron puntuaciones más bajas durante el periodo de pandemia. Conclusiones Estos resultados sugieren que el impacto del confinamiento redujo la percepción de la calidad de vida en todos los dominios. Se necesitan estrategias diferenciadas con apoyo profesional multidisciplinario para hacer frente a las consecuencias psicosociales de la pandemia COVID-19 en para-atletas con lesiones cerebrales.
Epidemiología de las lesiones del corredor de orientación a pie español de élite
Authors: Sainz Lucia , Lillo Mª Paz
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: La orientación a pie es un deporte de resistencia que difiere de otras modalidades de carrera en el tipo de terreno encontrado. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar las lesiones más frecuentes del corredor de orientación a pie de élite español.

Material y métodos: Se hizo un análisis retrospectivo a partir de los datos registrados en las historias clínicas de 46 corredores de orientación a pie que acudieron a consulta para valoración de una nueva lesión. Se recogieron datos relativos al sexo, edad, mecanismo, localización anatómica y diagnóstico. Se clasificaron las lesiones en función del sexo y el grupo de edad y se estableció su posible relación mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson.

Resultados: De un total de 118 lesiones, un 67.79% fueron lesiones agudas. La localización anatómica más frecuente fue el tobillo. La patología intraarticular fue el diagnóstico más frecuente.

Conclusiones: La orientación ejerce importantes demandas sobre las articulaciones, en particular el tobillo. Existen aspectos del perfil lesional del corredor de orientación que difieren en relación a los presentados por corredores de media–larga distancia. El esguince de tobillo es una de las lesiones agudas más frecuentes. Es necesario realizar un adecuado tratamiento para evitar secuelas, así como planes de prevención.
Análisis de la composición corporal de los jugadores de la selección española de fútbol para ciegos
Authors: Hernández-Beltrán Víctor , Gámez Calvo Luisa , Castelli Correia de Campos Luis Felipe , Bertu Fabiola , Gamonales Puerto José Martín
Published: April 2024

La Composición Corporal (CC) de los deportistas varía en función de la modalidad deportiva practicada. Además, es un factor determinante en el rendimiento deportivo, y puede influir en la prevención de lesiones. En fútbol practicado por personas sin discapacidad, varios estudios analizan las diferencias en la CC de los jugadores en función de la posición de juego y nivel competitivo. Por el contrario, son escasos los estudios que analizan la CC en modalidades deportivas para personas con discapacidad, en concreto en jugadores profesionales de Fútbol para Ciegos (FpC). El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la CC en función de la Lateralidad y de la Posición de juego de los jugadores de la Selección Española de FpC. El estudio presenta un diseño cuantitativo descriptivo y transversal, de carácter ecológico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 12 jugadores (Edad: 28.76 ± 8.89 años, Peso: 73.89 ± 10.79 kg, y, Altura: 176.82 ± 9.07 cm), pertenecientes a la Selección Española de FpC durante una concentración previa a los Juegos Paralímpicos de Tokio 2020. Para ello, se utilizó un monitor de CC modelo BC-601 (TANITA, Tokio, Japón). Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas en ninguno de los análisis realizados en función la Lateralidad y de la Posición de juego. Sin embargo, la CC es uno de los factores determinantes del rendimiento deportivo y establecer rangos de CC en deportistas profesionales de FpC va a permitir establecer patrones para la seleccionar jugadores. Por otro lado, ante la escasez de investigaciones encontradas, se recomienda llevar a cabo estudios que analicen la CC de los jugadores y su influencia en los procesos y etapas de entrenamiento con la finalidad de determinar la influencia de la CC en el rendimiento deportivo.
The constituent year effect on masters triathlon athletes
Authors: Solon-Junior Luiz José Frota , Oliveira José Klinger da Silva , Silva-Neto Luiz Vieira da
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The study evaluated whether a participation- and performance–related constituent year effect exists among athletes participating in Brazilian Masters Triathlon competitions from 2011 to 2017. Method: Using data from the website of the Brazilian Triathlon Confederation, the frequency of participation was analysed and ranking scores were compared on triathletes as a function of the constituent year. Results: The results showed a participation-related constituent year effect for the total sample and for male (χ24 = 30.778, p < 0.0001), but not for female (χ24 = 5.932, p = 0.20). Also, participation-related constituent year effects existed during the fourth (χ24 = 22.224, p < 0.001) and fifth (χ24 = 10.794, p = 0.029) decade of life, but not for the sixth (χ24 = 5.570, p = 0.234) decade. When comparing the three highest ranking scores as a function to the constituent year within any five-year age category, no significant difference was observed for the total sample, gender and decade of life. Conclusions: The constituent year effect exists only in male triathletes; however, this phenomenon does not seem to influence the performance of the ranking.
Test de descenso del navicular
Authors: Requelo Rodríguez Inmaculada , Castro-Méndez Aurora , Ojeda-Rodríguez Bárbara , Roldán-Fernández Lucía , González-Elena Mª Luisa , Córdoba-Fernández Antonio
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: revisar críticamente la literatura sobre la validez y fiabilidad del test de descenso del navicular como herramienta clínica de evaluación de la pronación del pie.

Método: Se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura existente sobre el tema en las principales bases de datos de ciencias de la salud. Para realizar la búsqueda se emplearon los terminos MeSH (navicular drop, pronation, foot) interconectados con los respectivos conectores booleanos.

Resultados: Se seleccionaron finalmente un total de 38 artículos científicos en castellano e inglés sobre la fiabilidad y validez interna del test.

Conclusiones: El test de descenso del navicular es una herramienta ampliamente utilizada en estudios de investigación. Sin embargo, con la evidencia disponible, podemos afirmar que la fiabilidad y validez interna del test es cuanto menos cuestionable para que este pueda ser usado con fines de investigación
Perjanjian Perkawinan Perampam Dene Dalam Adat Gayo: Kajian, Praktik, Dan Faktor Keberlangsungan
Authors: Anhar Hanifah Indriyani
Published: April 2024

Customs are considered outdated by the younger generation. However, there are some Gayo customs that are still strong and being maintained. One of them is the marriage agreement of perampam dene in the Gayo custom. Until nowadays, the marriage agreement of perampam dene is still being implemented. Whereas the Indonesian people already have very vital rules regarding marriage agreements. Provisions regarding marriage agreements are contained in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that: first, perampam dene is carried out by the Reje receiving reports and giving advice to the family (temerap mulo). Sarak Opat consults and analyzes the chronology of events. Next, define the actions to solve the problem. Petue and the imem of the village mediate between families to get a reconciliation agreement. If there is a violation, Reje will return to act and deal with it. If it is not completed at the reje level, it continues to the level of mukim, if it is not completed at the mukim level, it can be brought to positive law for customary considerations. Second, the continued implementation of perampam dene is intended to accomplish marital harmony, conformity of perampam dene with Islamic teachings, and create order in society.
Tanggung Gugat Pelaku Usaha Dalam Praktik Jual Beli Myteri Box Yang Cacat Produk Melalui Vending Machine
Authors: Chairani Meirza Aulia , Islami Trinah Asi
Published: April 2024

Abstract-The purpose of this study is to determine the responsibility of business actors who sell defective Mystery Boxes sold at Vending Machines.The type of research used in this legal research is Normative Juridical Research. Statute approach and conceptual approach. Using primary and secondary legal sources. Buying and selling Mystery Boxes through Vending Machines violates Article 4 letters b and c of the PK Law, consumers have the right to choose goods and get services in accordance with the promised exchange rate and guarantee conditions, and provide correct and honest information about the condition and guarantee of the goods. Business actors are obliged to compensate for goods sold Article 7 Letters f and g of the PK Law. Sanctions for business actors for product defects of Mystery Boxes through Vending Machines in accordance with Article 11 letter c of the PK Law are prohibited from deceiving/misleading consumers and not intending to sell the goods offered but with the intention of selling other goods. The consequences of getting sanctions in accordance with Article 62 paragraph (2) of the PK Law are resolved by litigation and non-litigation submitted by consumers in dispute resolution.
ERA BARU POLITIK ANAK MUDA DAN MAHASISWA UNTUK MENENTUKAN PEMIMPIN INDONESIA
Authors: Aziz Yusril Abdul , Ningrum Eka Widya
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran anak muda dan mahasiswa dalam pemilu 2024, anak muda dan mahasiswa memberikan dampak signifkan terhadap proses demokrasi di indonesia, anak muda dan mahasiswa akan menjadi subjek politik yang menentukan masa depan Bangsa Indonesia apalagi Indonesia saat ini sedang menghadapi dua fenomena pergerakan global dan begitu penting untuk masa depan Indoensia, pertama yaitu bonus demografi dimana jumlah penduduk usia produktif atau usia muda lebih banyak daripada usia yang sudah tua. Kedua masuk kedalam era revolusi industri 5.0. dalam upaya kelangsungan kehidupan yang bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara maka kita harus menyiapkan generasi siap mengambil estafet kepemimpinan . Permasalahannya  bagaimanakah membentuk pemimpin muda berkarakter dan peran serta seluruh anak muda berpartisipasi aktif dalam pemilu 2024 untuk menentukan pemimpin yang pantas untuk indonesia emas 2045. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis doktrinal yang bersifat diskriptif, dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode yang digunaka melalui Pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa anak muda dan mahasiswa memiliki peran yang sangat signifikan sehingga sekarang anak muda memang sudah harus berpartisipasi aktif entah itu sebagai seorang pemilih maupun sebagai seorang calon pemimpin.

Kata kunci : Generasi, Demokrasi, Pemimpin
La otra restauración
Authors: Ruiz de Lacanal María Dolores
Published: April 2024

Contribución para el Debate sobre Necesidad, canales y límites de la participación ciudadana en los procesos de restauración, coordinado por Teresa Vicente Rabanaque.
Explaining the Quality of Teacher and Student Communication Based on Cooperation Principles in a Religious Context: A Pragmatic Study
Authors: Novitasari Meisya , Wahyuni Lilik
Published: April 2024

Communication in the classroom has a very important role because there is a process by which a teacher transfers knowledge and other aspects of education to students. If the principle of cooperation is violated, then the communication will be counterproductive and not in accordance with its initial purpose. This research aims to obtain an objective picture of the quality of communication based on the fulfillment and deviation of the principle of cooperation in teacher and student communication in a religious context at Shalahuddin Middle School. This research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were observation and note taking. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are that there is a fulfillment of the principles of cooperation in the form of the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of method, and the maxim of relevance, as well as deviations from the principles of cooperation in the form of the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of method, and the maxim of relevance in the religious context at Shalahuddin Middle School.
Video Strategy as Scaffolding to Foster Students’ Grammar Proficiency and Writing Skills in EFL Learning
Authors: Devi Leona Patria , Abidin M. Zaenal , Yulia Yuyun , Jon Roi Boy , Ariawan Soni , Faresta Rangga Alif , Afuwani Siti Hanum
Published: April 2024

Despite its significance particularly when it comes to writing competence, numerous studies have revealed that grammar is still considered complicated to grasp and used by students. The purpose of this study was to determine how video-based instruction affects students' understanding of grammar in writing assignments. This sequential explanatory mixed-method study aimed to investigate how students' grammatical skills especially in degree of comparison might be improved. Quantitative evaluations such as creating written test materials for the students and qualitative interviews with both teachers and students were employed. The findings showed that students' comprehension of grammatical rules for statistical tests had improved. Descriptive data evidenced that the students were clearly excited, enthralled, and actively involved with the tactics; served as a scaffold to lower obstacles; enhanced language learners' understanding; and increased students' vocabulary. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches evidenced the significance of implementing English videos to promote students’ grammatical competence in writing skills. The study's implications and suggestions are discussed.
The Correlation Between Students’ Vocabulary Mastery and the Ability to Translate English Descriptive Text into Indonesian
Authors: Pratama Adimas Jaka , Karim Sayit Abdul , Matas Gordan , Sudiro Suryo
Published: April 2024

Vocabulary and translation are two aspects that have a close relationship in learning English as  to be able to translate a text student should have adequate vocabulary mastery. The presented study aims to figure out the correlation between students’ vocabulary mastery and their translation ability, and to explore their problems in translating English descriptive text into Indonesian. This study applied quantitative research by using the correlational method, and the respondents were 32 students of grade X C at SMAN 1 Purwanegara, Central Java. Furthermore, in order to gather the data, researchers used tests and semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using Pearson-Product Moment correlation using SPSS 26.0. The findings revealed that the mean score of students’ vocabulary mastery was 66.72, and the mean score of translation ability was 63.72. Meanwhile, the correlation value (r) between the vocabulary mastery and English-Indonesian translation ability score is 0.786. Thus, based on the interpretation score of correlation proposed by Sugiyono (2018), the correlation between vocabulary mastery and the ability to translate the descriptive text was in the high category (0.786), Furthermore, the result of hypothesis testing revealed that the comparison of the “rcount” and the “rtable” shows that rcount as much as 0,786 is clearly higher than “rtable” value which is 5% or 0,338 and 1% or 0,435. Therefore, there is a high correlation between students' vocabulary mastery and their ability to translate descriptive text into Indonesian.
Philippine and South African Experiences on Folk Literature Research: Relevance, Gains, and Challenges
Authors: Makgabo Connie , Quintero Genevieve J
Published: April 2024

Folkloric studies have accelerated in the Philippines and South Africa because the Academe acknowledged the urgency to collect, preserve, and publish the oral traditions of indigenous communities. Oral traditions embody the history, values, and world views of these indigenous cultures, which need to be preserved for posterity. This paper discusses the relevance, gains, and challenges in conducting folklore research in the Philippines and South Africa, which share similarities, including their colonial pasts and number of indigenous communities. The paper contemplates the relevance of folklore research outputs in different fields thereby contributing to the discourse on the value of folklore research. This qualitative study uses textual analysis to focus on insights related to folklore research, using secondary data including journal articles, book publications, and textual references. The study reveals that although there is extensive research in the field of folklore in both countries, there remain gaps that need to be filled, such as the collection, preservation, and recognition of representative folklore from other regions and cultural communities. South Africa, for instance, has 12 official languages, and the Philippines has 110 ethnolinguistic groups. There are still languages and indigenous oral traditions that are developing, and folk literature that needs to be recorded, preserved, and published. These oral traditions/folk literature play an important role in revealing people’s cultural identities and preserving heritage, which is imperative in nation-building. The findings highlight the importance of continuing research about folklore and the need to preserve indigenous knowledge systems When written down and published, folklore becomes tangible and preserved for posterity, providing present and future generations the opportunity to learn, understand, and appreciate their cultural legacy.
Unveiling Language Prejudice: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Racial Slurs Across Genres
Authors: Rahman Fadhlur , Yuzar Ella , Kholid Mohammad
Published: April 2024

Discrimination and racism have been obvious for decades. This encompasses derogatory racial epithets such as "nigger, niggers, n-words". The objective of this study was to employ corpus-based analysis in order to examine the frequency of racial derogatory expressions across various genres of literature. The COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) data were employed to perform a corpus-based linguistic analysis of the terms 'nigger', 'niggers', and 'n-word' over a span of 20 years (1990 to 2019).  Although the words "niggers" and "n-word" have similar meanings, the occurrence of the word "niggers" and "n-word" in the corpora was significantly less frequent compared to the word "nigger." Primarily, the term "niggers" was used as a plural indicator for the derogatory term "nigger". The frequency with which individuals who use derogatory language, such as the term "niggers," associate themselves with pronouns like "they," "us," "those," "all of you," etc., suggests the existence of these patterns. The sole term that displays a notably diverse frequency distribution across genres is the n-word (in comparison to these two terms).
Utilizing Wordwall.Net on the Improvement of Students’ Vocabulary Mastery: An ICT-Based Lesson
Authors: Wandari Titin , Unsiah Frida , Sahar Rafidah
Published: April 2024

The utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) holds an important role in language learning, as it stimulates students’ enthusiasm for studying, encourages lifelong learning, enhances critical thinking skills, grants learners more autonomy, confidence, and motivation. In the EFL classroom, vocabulary mastery is one of the most important yet difficult language components especially for young learners to master. This study aimed to examine how vocabulary mastery of 7th grade students in one of public junior high schools in east Java, Indonesia were affected by ICT-based learning through wordwall.net. The study employed a one-group pre-test-post-test experimental design, with the numbers of 32 students. The participants were chosen through the purposive sampling technique. Pre-test and post-test were used to measure a student's vocabulary mastery before and after the treatment using wordwall.net. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis to find out whether the students’ vocabulary mastery get improved or not. The findings indicated that after using wordwall.net as the ICT based learning media, students' vocabulary mastery significantly improved. The improvement can be proven through the average pre-test score of 57.03 to the average post-test score of 77.34. In terms of the implementation, the usage of appropriate learning media, and student enthusiasm during the learning process are the reasons for the improvement of their vocabulary mastery.
The Influential Principles in Problem-Based Learning: A Systematic Review on English Language Learning
Authors: Aryanti Nurul , Anggaira Aria Septi , Ardiansyah Welly , Suhono Suhono
Published: April 2024

Since the beginning of its application, the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has been recognized for its success in improving the quality of learning in various disciplines from different countries. Then, it has been recommended to be applied in all levels of education, especially in higher education. Therefore, this review is aimed at exploring the most influential principles of PBL which give contribution to the success of the learning outcome in English language learning. This review was compiled based on the guideline from PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis). Data was searched and collected from studies published from electronic data bases of reputable international journals issued from 2012 to 2020. From 105 articles in the same area of English language learning, 7 articles were chosen to match the purpose of this review. The 7 articles have the same research methodology (experimental study), in which the discussions of the articles are analyzed to find the most influential principles supporting the success of PBL for all level of education in English language learning. It was found that PBL has proven to be effective in English language learning for all levels of education. In addition, the review shows that all discussions of the articles state that there are five most influential principles of the PBL that give contribution to the success of the language learning,  the incorporation of  ill structured/real life problems, a student-centered approach,  collaborative learning, problem solving, and critical thinking.
Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, and Emotional Intelligence: Do They Contribute to Speaking Performance?
Authors: Afifah Masrifatul , Ningrum Ary Setya Budhi , Wahyuni Sri , Syaifulloh Burhanudin
Published: April 2024

Speaking demands self-confidence and composure when dealing with other people. Furthermore, communicating in English is a big barrier for many students due to self-efficacy, anxiety, and emotional intelligence. This study examined direct and indirect variable contributions. This path analysis study used multiple regression and mediated model. This study involved 128 of the tenth graders students at SMA Senopati, Sidoarjo. To collect the data, the instruments used a closed-ended questionnaire about self-efficacy, anxiety, emotional intelligence and speaking test. This study yielded seven conclusions. First, self-efficacy had a weak effect on speaking performance (estimate =.128, p-value.000). The estimate value of.506, p-value.001, showed that self-efficacy contributes significantly to emotional intelligence. Anxiety's contribution to emotional intelligence was minimal (estimate value -.397, p-value.005). The fourth finding showed that anxiety directly affects speaking performance (estimate value -.069), p-value.000. The fifth finding showed that emotional intelligence had a weak effect on speaking performance (estimate value.034, p-value.004). Significant indirect influence of self-efficacy through emotional intelligence on speaking performance (Sobel test=2.1220>1.96, p-value 0.033<.05). Anxiety indirectly affects speaking performance through emotional intelligence (Sobel test=-.2.0043>1.96, p-value 0.045<.05).
The Development of Computer Assisted Vocabulary Learning (CAVL) to Improve English Lexical Retention of Nursing Students
Authors: Kristanto Barlian , Putri Diannike , Dung Le Huang , Flores Michael John V. , Glomjai Thanee , Suryani Roro Lintang
Published: April 2024

Vocabulary mastery is crucial for nursing students to effectively communicate in English. This study aimed to develop and validate a tailored computer-assisted vocabulary learning (CAVL) intervention to improve nursing students' retention of English lexicon, which is essential for healthcare communications. The CAVL program was designed using the Moodle platform and focused on four thematic units that targeted essential nursing vocabulary. The learning process followed research-based principles of vocabulary instruction, including multimodal introduction, reinforced retrieval, and contextual repetition. This study utilized a research and development methodology to conduct iterative needs analyses, design refinement, and rigorous evaluation protocols. Expert reviews, prototype testing, post-intervention vocabulary tests, and delayed assessments were used to gather data and make data-driven improvements. Quantitative analysis evaluated the effectiveness of this approach for 100 Indonesian nursing students. Vocabulary assessments were administered before, immediately after, and two weeks after the intervention, revealing significant improvements in terminology knowledge following the implementation of CAVL. Importantly, scores remained stable during the delayed assessment, demonstrating durable retention. These results are consistent with previous literature on the benefits of contextual and multimodal vocabulary learning. The CAVL prototype facilitated learning and effectively improved vocabulary retention outside of the classroom. This research provides an adaptable framework for technologically-assisted language mastery, which is essential for the next generation of nursing education. Further studies can explore the application of this framework in allied healthcare fields and the transition to practice in nursing education.
Gender Representation in Directive Speech Acts of Teachers: A Study on Indonesian Language Learning in Automotive Vocational High Schools in Pasaman District
Authors: Putra Ade Darma , Tressyalina Tressyalina
Published: April 2024

This study aims to examine gender representation in directive speech acts of Indonesian language teachers in Pasaman Regency Automotive Department Vocational Schools. Included in the type of qualitative research, this research applies descriptive analysis method. The research data is in the form of directive speech of male teachers and female teachers in Indonesian language learning at SMK Department of Automotive Pasaman Regency. It can be concluded that Indonesian teachers use various forms of directive speech acts, such as directions, orders, and instructions to students. Variants of the use of directive speech acts also show variations between male and female teachers, with three dominant variants commonly used by male teachers and five variants commonly used by female teachers. The results also reveal that female teachers tend to use the speech act of ordering or commanding as the dominant form, although they also show a sense of solidarity by using the speech acts of suggesting and advising. On the other hand, male teachers are more inclined to the direct approach and commanding without preamble. This difference reflects the complexity of the relationship between men's and women's language and thinking in the learning context.
OPTIMIZATION OF SHOPPING STRATEGY IN CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKETS BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: SAVOSTYANOV A.V. , GRINEVA N. V.
Published: April 2024

This study is relevant in the context of modern finance, where neural networks play a key role in the analysis and forecasting of price dynamics. The research focuses on identifying buy signals for the BTCUSDT and ETHUSDT trading pairs in the cryptocurrency market. To construct a neural network model that can automate the identification of moments beneficial for purchasing selected assets, various technical analysis indicators and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were used. The research includes an analysis of scientific literature, data collection, indicator selection, signal algorithm development, and the construction of neural network models. The main contribution of this work lies in the development and testing of models capable of predicting buy signals with a high accuracy, confirmed by accuracy indicators of over 92%. The findings of this study can be useful for private investors and financial institutions in forming investment strategies based on machine learning.
Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity may be Targeted for the Prevention of Post-Stroke Epilepsy
Authors: Adhikari Yadav , Jin Xiaoming
Published: April 2024

Stroke is the most common cause of acquired epilepsy, with up to 30 percent of stroke survivors developing epilepsy over time. However, the mechanisms leading to neuronal hyperexcitability and epilepsy in stroke survivors are not fully understood. In a recently published work, we demonstrate that ischemic stroke induces homeostatic plasticity regulation in the surviving neurons in the peri-stroke area. Furthermore, activity enhancement through optogenetic stimulation of excitatory pyramidal neurons in the peri-stroke area or systemic administration of D-cycloserine, a partial N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist, reduces seizure susceptibility in mice. Here, we briefly review current understanding on the role of homeostatic plasticity in post-stroke epileptogenesis and discuss how homeostatic plasticity could be targeted to prevent post-stroke epilepsy. We comment on our activity enhancement findings and close by discussing implications for clinical treatment.
Quantum dark energy in a seven-dimensional universe
Authors: Kesanasetty Sasidhar
Published: April 2024

This paper explains the dark energy and acceleration of the universe by quantizing the space in hidden dimensions, which provides the basis and background for the gravitational force. Space-time is considered to be made of a four-dimensional elastic grid in a seven-dimensional universe in which matter also expands along with the universe. Each cube of the grid is considered a quantum of hidden three-dimensional space of Planck volume containing Planck charge, which makes the universe seven dimensional. The dark energy is explained by the electrostatic repulsion between Planck charges in each quantum of the hidden space. Mathematically, this electrostatic repulsion is related to the Hubble parameter H(z) to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe, dark energy, and the increase in the cosmological potential energy/inertial mass. Expansion of space-time is considered not due to the creation of the new space but due to the stretching of the existing space-time itself like an elastic ruler where the proper length and volume remain constant. The relative values of the Planck constant, gravitational constant, permittivity of free space, and Boltzmann constant are shown to vary owing to the expansion or contraction of space-time in the cosmological, gravitational, and relativistic frameworks, but are compensated for by the proportional change in inertial mass. This theory also builds a preliminary framework for the relativistic Newtonian theory of gravity and relativistic MONDian gravity, identifies a valid reason for the transition of Newtonian gravity to MOND at a0, and explains the dynamics of galaxy clusters without dark matter.
Hilbert mathematics versus (or rather “without”) Gödel mathematics: V. Ontomathematics!
Authors: Penchev Vasil
Published: April 2024

The paper is the final part of a series introducing the new conceptions of “Hilbert mathematics” and “ontomathematics”. The specific subject of the present investigation is the proper philosophical sense of both, including philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of physics not less than the traditional “first philosophy” (as far as ontomathematics is a conservative generalization of ontology as well as of Heidegger’s “fundamental ontology” though in a sense) and history of philosophy (deepening Heidegger’s destruction of it from the pre-Socratics to the Pythagoreans). Husserl’s phenomenology and Heidegger’s derivative “fundamental ontology” as well as his later doctrine after the “turn” are the starting point of the research as established and well known approaches relative to the newly introduced conception of ontomathematics, even more so that Husserl himself started criticizing his “Philosophy of arithmetic” as too naturalistic and psychological turning to “Logical investigations” and the foundations of phenomenology. Heidegger’s “Aletheia” is also interpreted ontomathematically: as a relation of locality and nonlocality, respectively as a motion from nonlocality to locality if both are physically considered. Aristotle’s ontological revision of Plato’s doctrine is “destructed” further from the pre-Socratics' “Logos” or Heidegger’s “Language” (after the “turn”) to the Pythagoreans “Numbers” or “Arithmetics” as an inherent and fundamental philosophical doctrine. Then, a leap to contemporary physics elucidates the essence of ontomathematics overcoming the Cartesian abyss inherited from Plato’s opposition of “ideas” versus “things”, and now unifying physics and mathematics, particularly allowing for the “creation from nothing” instead of the quasi-scientific myth of the “Big Bang”
Note for the Mersenne Primes
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: April 2024

This paper tackles a longstanding problem in number theory: the existence of odd perfect numbers. A perfect number is defined as a positive integer whose sum of all its proper divisors (excluding itself) is equal to twice the number itself. While Euclid demonstrated a method to construct even perfect numbers using Mersenne primes (primes of the form $2^{n} - 1$), the existence of odd perfect numbers remained an open question. In this note, under the assumption that there are infinitely many Mersenne primes, we provide an intuitive answer by proving the non-existence of odd perfect numbers. The proof utilizes elementary techniques and relies on properties of the divisor sum function (sigma function) and the inherent structure of odd perfect numbers.
OPTIMASI SENSOR KOMPAS DENGAN METODE CIRCLE EQUATION PADA ROBOT SEPAK BOLA BERODA GERHANA DEWARUCI
Authors: Wajdi Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The Indonesian Robot Contest (IRC) is an annual activity carried out by the National Achievement Center in the year of the change of government cabinet which was previously carried out by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education. IRC has several competition categories, one of which is the Indonesian Wheeled Soccer Robot Contest. Most robots have accuracy problems in the navigation system during the game due to an error in the compass that is used to compare the gyroscope. As a result, many robots are inaccurate and even misdirected, both when attacking or defending. With these problems, one solution is to use the circle equation as a compass sensor filter, so that the robot can have an accurate navigation system, deviations from readings on the CMPS12 sensor can be reduced through the filtering process and have a large enough impact on the normalization process of CMPS12 sensor readings evenly. average error of 10° (degrees). With the addition of the circle equation method, the CMPS12 sensor reading data becomes more accurate with an average error of 1.08° (degrees). Compared with the kalman fillter method with CMPS12 sensor reading data which has an average error of 4 ° (degrees). In this research, the compass sensor is used to compare the gyroscope sensor by changing the gyroscope value using the reference reading of the CMPS12 value as a correction for gyroscope readings that are not in accordance with the set points and an average angle error of 0.6 ° (degrees) and 0.88 ° ( degrees) after the addition of the circle equation method. This method is better than the kalman fillter method with an average error of 3.1° (degrees) and 4.4° (degrees) but is better than that without the method with an average error of 3.6° (degrees) and 5 ,72° (degrees). The resulting error is smaller and can still be tolerated. CMPS12 as a gyroscope comparison can work well in this test because the wheeled KRSBI robot is designed so that the direction of the robot faces is appropriate, with a minimum error in each direction of motion.
Saberes (d)eficientes: uma ontologia a partir da experiência da deficiência
Authors: Gustavo Martins Piccolo
Published: April 2024

Este texto, originado mediante um processo de revisão literária integrativa, objetiva destacar o potencial criativo dos saberes produzidos a partir da experiência gestada pela deficiência como apoio fundamental ao enriquecimento da cultura humana, representando, adicionalmente, um mecanismo descolonizador de pensamentos que tomam esta condição sob a métrica da tragédia pessoal. Para tanto, situamos os movimentos sociais de pessoas com deficiência no bojo de outras lutas identitárias, apresentando uma contestação radical à ideia de institucionalização. Ademais, o texto aponta inúmeras contribuições projetadas pela humanidade as quais somente puderam existir mediante problemáticas manifestas a partir da experiência da deficiência e cuja consecução incrementou as formas pelas quais o ser humano se relaciona perante o meio que o circunscreve.