bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and bio‐evaluation of Tc‐99 m‐labeled fatty acid derivatives for myocardial metabolism imaging
Authors: Liu Jianping , Xue Qianqian , Wang Huan , Wang Hang , Wang Dawei , Fang Yu , Zhang Huabei
Published: April 2016

11C, 18F and 123I fatty acids are used for myocardial imaging, and 99mTc‐labeled fatty acids are more desirable substitutes than other radiolabeled fatty acids. In the work reported, [99mTc]‐CpTT‐10‐oxo‐FPA (1c), [99mTc]‐CpTT‐12‐oxo‐FPA (2c), [99mTc]‐CpTT‐14‐oxo‐FPA (3c) and [99mTc]‐CpTT‐16‐oxo‐FPA (4c) were prepared with 60.76–70.92% of radiochemical yield and purity of more than 95%. These radiotracers (1c, 2c, 3c, 4c) were chemically stable when incubated in Sprague Dawley rat serum for 3 h at 37 °C. Tissue distribution studies in female mice indicated that 2c had high initial heart uptake (8.84%ID g−1 at 1 min post‐injection) and 4c had long retention in the heart (1.45%ID g−1 at 30 min post‐injection). Metabolite analysis showed 4c could be metabolized to 5c via β‐oxidation with loss of two CH2 in the myocardium, the radiometabolite being excreted via urine. However, low heart uptake suggested that 4c cannot be used as a diagnostic imaging agent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Receding Horizon Sliding Controller for Automotive Engine Coldstart: Design and Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop Testing With an Echo State Network High‐Fidelity Model
Authors: Mozaffari Ahmad , Azad Nasser L. , Hansen Andreas , Hedrick J. Karl
Published: April 2016

The aim of the current study is to probe the potential of receding horizon sliding control (RHSC) technique for reducing the coldstart hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of automotive spark‐ignited (SI) engines. The RHSC approach incorporates the potentials of sliding control (SC) and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) to employ the future information of the considered engine to keep the system's trajectories close to a stable manifold. To calculate the control commands, the authors adopt an efficient optimization technique, known as the multivariate quadratic fit sectioning algorithm (MQFSA), and also, define three different objective functions, based on l1, l2, and l∞ norms. To demonstrate the efficacy of RHSC controller, its performance is compared with two other well‐known controllers extracted from the literature, namely NMPC and Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP)‐based controllers. Through numerical simulations for three distinctive operating conditions, it is demonstrated that the RHSC controller is very effective for reducing the total tailpipe HC emissions over the coldstart period of the considered engine system. Moreover, by conducting a hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) test using an echo state network high‐fidelity model, it is indicated that the computational speed of calculating control commands is fast enough to enable RHSC to be used for real‐time implementations in practice.
Spectroscopic investigation of water‐soluble alloyed QDs with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Adarsh K. S. , Singh M. K. , Kotresh M. G. , Inamdar Laxmi S. , Shivkumar M. A. , Jagatap B. N. , Mulimani B. G. , Inamdar S. R.
Published: April 2016

We present here a systematic investigation on the interaction between a water‐soluble alloyed semiconductor quantum dot and bovine serum albumin using various spectroscopic techniques i.e. fluorescence quenching, resonance light scattering and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The analysis of fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence intensity indicates that the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) gets quenched by both static and dynamic quenching mechanism. The Stern‐Volmer quenching constants, energy transfer efficiency parameters, binding parameters and corresponding thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔS0 and ΔG0) have been evaluated by using van 't Hoff equation at different temperatures. A positive entropy change with a positive enthalpy change was observed suggesting that the binding process was an entropy‐driven, endothermic process associated with the hydrophobic effect. The intermolecular distance (r) between donor (BSA) and acceptor (CdSeS/ZnS quantum dots) was estimated according to Förster's theory of non‐radiative energy transfer. The synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed a blue shift in the emission maxima of tryptophan which is indicative of increasing hydrophobicity. Negative ΔG0 values implied that the binding process was spontaneous. It was found that hydrophobic forces played a role in the quenching process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized clinical trial comparing self-gripping mesh with a standard polypropylene mesh for open inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Verhagen T , Zwaans W A R , Loos M J A , Charbon J A , Scheltinga M R M , Roumen R M H
Published: April 2016

Background

The introduction of mesh for open inguinal hernia repair has reduced the rate of recurrence, allowing research to focus on prevention of postoperative pain. In an effort to reduce chronic pain, a semiresorbable, lighter and self-gripping mesh was developed.

Methods

A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted comparing the self-gripping mesh with a standard polypropylene mesh repair. Patients over 18 years of age undergoing open primary hernia repair were included. Pain was measured on a six-point verbal rating scale (VRS) and a 150-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Postoperative pain reduction from baseline pain (ΔVAS), complications and return to work/hobbies were studied. Data were collected at baseline, 3 weeks, 3 months and 1 year after surgery (primary outcome).

Results

A total of 363 patients were analysed. Median age was 59 (range 19–88) years. Baseline VRS and VAS scores were similar for the two groups. There was no difference in VRS scores at 1-year follow-up. Duration of surgery was significantly shorter with the self-gripping mesh (mean 40 min versus 49 min for standard mesh repair; P < 0·001). At 3 weeks, ΔVAS in patients receiving the self-gripping mesh was significantly larger (−10·6 versus −5·0 respectively; P = 0·049) and less subjective discomfort was reported (P = 0·016). Complication rates, return to work and recurrence rates were similar, although there were more recurrences in the self-gripping mesh group (5·5 versus 2·2 per cent; P = 0·103).

Conclusion

A self-gripping mesh for hernia repair may result in less pain in the early postoperative phase but chronic postherniorraphy pain is not affected. Recurrence rates may be a potential disadvantage. Registration number: NTR1212 (http://www.trialregister.nl).
Optimization of a Liquid Crystal‐based Sensory Platform for Monitoring Enzymatic Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Wei Yibin , Jang Chang‐Hyun
Published: April 2016

Managing glucose levels in human blood is extremely important for the treatment of diabetes. Here, an innovative sensory strategy has been developed to monitor the enzymatic activities of glucose and glucose oxidase by using confined liquid crystal (LC) birefringent droplet patterns. Acidic products released during the glucose oxidation process lead to a slight decrease in the pH of aqueous systems that can be monitored by pH‐sensitive LC materials. Of the existing pH‐sensitive LC materials, dodecanoic acid‐doped 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl is inexpensive and easily adjusted to satisfy the 7.4 ± 0.05 pH requirement of human blood. Moreover, the orientational alignment of capillary‐confined pH‐responsive LCs can be disrupted at the aqueous/LC interface following a slight decrease in the critical pH of aqueous reaction systems, which results in an optical signal that can be observed with the naked eye by using polarizing optical microscopy. Based on the stable LC droplet patterns generated by the cylindrical confinement system, the functionalized LCs can selectively detect glucose at concentrations as low as 0.1 pM. This study further advances the previously reported LC‐based glucose monitoring systems by reducing production costs and instituting a smarter LC sensory design. This improved system shows potential for the use in clinical bioassay applications.
The Diagnostic Value of Children's Responses to Cross‐Examination Questioning
Authors: Zajac Rachel , Irvine Bridget , Ingram Jacob M. , Jack Fiona
Published: April 2016

In response to a widespread belief within the legal system that cross‐examination is instrumental in uncovering the truth, we examined the effect of cross‐examination questioning on the reports of children who had—and had not—been coached to lie. A group of children, aged 6–11 years (N = 65), played three computer games with one of their parents. For half of the pairs, the parents—who acted as confederates—coached their children to make lies of commission concerning the occurrence of two target activities. For the remaining pairs, these two target activities actually occurred, and there was no coaching. Immediately afterwards, children were interviewed about the two activities. Those who—correctly or incorrectly—reported that both activities occurred were retained for the final sample (n = 56); these children were then interviewed again with both neutral questions and cross‐examination‐style challenges. Neither style of questioning elicited responses that discriminated between liars and truth‐tellers: although the accuracy of children who were lying increased in response to cross‐examination questions, the accuracy of truth‐telling children saw a corresponding decrease. When asked neutral questions, children's responses tended to be consistent with their earlier responses, whether or not those responses were lies. These findings raise important questions about the function that cross‐examination might serve in trials involving child witnesses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation in Acceptable Child Discipline Practices by Child Age: Perceptions of Community Norms by Medical and Legal Professionals
Authors: Block Stephanie D. , Poplin Ashlee Burgess , Wang Eric S. , Widaman Keith F. , Runyan Desmond K.
Published: April 2016

Mandated child abuse reporters may judge specific disciplinary practices as unacceptable for young children, whereas child law professionals arbitrating allegations may be less inclusive. Do the views of these groups diverge, by child age, regarding discipline? Judgments of community norms across a wide range of children's ages were obtained from 380 medical and legal professionals. Because the Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scale (PC‐CTS) can be used to assess the epidemiology of child disciplinary behaviors and as a proxy to examine the incidence or prevalence of child abuse, the disciplinary practices described on the PC‐CTS were presented as triggers for questions. Significant child age effects were found for disciplinary practices classified as “harsh.” The consistencies between legal and medical professionals were striking. Both groups reflected changes in United States norms, as non‐physical approaches were the most approved. We conclude that instruments estimating the prevalence of child maltreatment by parent‐report should consider modifying how specific disciplinary practices are classified. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐world treatment practice in patients with advanced melanoma in the era before ipilimumab: results from the IMAGE study
Authors: Middleton Mark R. , Dalle Stéphane , Claveau Joel , Mut Pilar , Hallmeyer Sigrun , Plantin Patrice , Highley Martin , Kotapati Srividya , Le Trong Kim , Brokaw Jane , Abernethy Amy P.
Published: April 2016

The therapeutic landscape for advanced melanoma has recently been transformed by several novel agents (immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecular‐targeted agents). The prospective, multi‐site, observational study IMAGE (ipilimumab: management of advanced melanoma in real practice) included a retrospective cohort to describe real‐world treatment prior to approval of the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab. This retrospective cohort of patients, who started second‐line/subsequent treatment (index therapy) for advanced melanoma within 3 years before ipilimumab approval, was selected randomly by chart review. Collected data included treatment history, patient outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization. All patients had ≥1 year of follow‐up data. This analysis included 177 patients from Europe (69%) and North America (31%). The most common index therapies (used alone or in combination) were fotemustine (23%), dacarbazine (21%), temozolomide (14%), and platinum‐based chemotherapy (14%). Most patients (89%) discontinued index treatment during the study period; the most common reason was disease progression (59%). Among patients with tumor assessment (153/177; 86%), 2% had complete response, 5% had partial response, and 12% had stable disease on last tumor assessment. At 1‐year study follow‐up, median progression‐free survival was 2.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1–2.9) and median overall survival was 8.8 months (95% CI, 6.5–9.7). During follow‐up, 95% of the patients had healthcare visits for advanced melanoma, 74% of whom were hospitalized or admitted to a hospice facility. These results provide insights into patient care with advanced melanoma in the era before ipilimumab and may serve as a benchmark for new agents in future real‐world studies.
How did we get here? A brief history of competency‐based higher education in the United States
Authors: Nodine T.R.
Published: April 2016

Background

Competency‐based education (CBE) programs have spread briskly in higher education over the past several years and their trajectory continues to rise. In light of the spread of competency‐based models, this article provides a brief history of CBE in the United States.

Methods

This article is based on a review of the literature of competency‐based programs in higher education and an analysis of current trends.

Findings

Competency‐based approaches have been integrated in US higher education programs for half a century, since reforms of teacher training and vocational education first established the early contours of CBE in the 1960s and 1970s. Prior to that, several developments in K‐12 education—regarding outcomes‐based learning and mastery learning—set the stage for CBE implementation in postsecondary education. The current phase of CBE development is characterized by a wide range of colleges and universities planning or implementing CBE programs, many of which are taking advantage of online or hybrid models, advances in adaptive learning technology, or direct assessment.

Conclusion

The recent increases in CBE programs can be traced to both supply‐side and demand‐side dynamics. Most of the models have been in operation less than 5 years and there remains a substantial variety of approaches, suggesting that the current phase of CBE development is transitional.
Accreditation and competency‐based education
Authors: Eaton J.S.
Published: April 2016

Background

Competency‐based education or CBE is, an approach to teaching and learning that awards credit on the basis of mastery of clearly defined competencies or skills (EDUCAUSE, 2014). The current increased emphasis on CBE is resulting in institutions and programs taking fresh approaches to their academic activity. The Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) sought to learn more about how the increased emphasis was affecting institutional and programmatic accreditation.

Method

During September 2015, CHEA conducted an email survey of the 85 institutional and programmatic accreditors that are scrutinized for quality (“recognized”) by either CHEA or the U.S. Department of Education. The accreditors were asked four questions about the role that their organizations play in CBE and their view about the future of CBE.

Results

Of the 85 recognized accrediting organizations, 26 (30.5%) responded to the survey. This included five of the seven regional accreditors, three of the four faith‐related accreditors, three of the seven career‐related accreditors, and 15 of the 67 programmatic accreditors.

Conclusions

Accreditation involvement in CBE is at present very modest and responsive in nature. The institutions and programs that decide to pursue a competency‐based approach turn to their accreditors for needed review and approval. If the accreditor is reviewing CBE that involves access to federal aid for students, the accreditor has a number of federal obligations to meet. Accrediting organizations neither require a CBE approach nor are they framing common expectations at the institutional or programmatic level for such an approach.
Single‐Plasmid‐Based System for Efficient Noncanonical Amino Acid Mutagenesis in Cultured Mammalian Cells
Authors: Cohen Sarit , Arbely Eyal
Published: April 2016

We describe a new expression system for efficient non‐canonical amino acid mutagenesis in cultured mammalian cells by using the pyrrolysine tRNA synthetase/tRNACUAPyl pair. A significant improvement in the incorporation of non‐canonical amino acids into proteins was obtained by combining all the required genetic components into a single and compact vector that can be efficiently delivered to different mammalian cell lines by conventional transfection reagents.
Dual Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click‐Chemistry Labeling to Enable Single‐Molecule FRET Studies of p97 Folding
Authors: Lee Taehyung C. , Kang Minjin , Kim Chan Hyuk , Schultz Peter G. , Chapman Eli , Deniz Ashok A.
Published: April 2016

Many cellular functions are critically dependent on the folding of complex multimeric proteins, such as p97, a hexameric multidomain AAA+ chaperone. Given the complex architecture of p97, single‐molecule (sm) FRET would be a powerful tool for studying folding while avoiding ensemble averaging. However, dual site‐specific labeling of such a large protein for smFRET is a significant challenge. Here, we address this issue by using bioorthogonal azide–alkyne chemistry to attach an smFRET dye pair to site‐specifically incorporated unnatural amino acids, allowing us to generate p97 variants reporting on inter‐ or intradomain structural features. An initial proof‐of‐principle set of smFRET results demonstrated the strengths of this labeling method. Our results highlight this as a powerful tool for structural studies of p97 and other large protein machines.
Wellens' Syndrome with a proximal left anterior descending artery occlusion
Authors: Mai Hongcheng , Lan XianWu , Lu Dan , Zhang Yusheng , Zhang AiDong , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2016

Key Clinical Message

The case is a 52‐year‐old male admitted to cardiology department with chest tightness. Admission ECG showed nontypical T‐wave changes in V2–V4 leads in pain peroids, and increasing severe narrowing of proximal LAD. Cardiac enzymes were abnormal. Emergency coronary angiography showed severe stenosis (99%) in proximal LAD.
Nonlinear Effects in Asymmetric Synthesis: A Practical Tool for the Discrimination between Monomer and Dimer Catalysis
Authors: Noble‐Terán María E. , Buhse Thomas , Cruz José‐Manuel , Coudret Christophe , Micheau Jean‐Claude
Published: April 2016

Nonlinear effects in asymmetric synthesis are identified by a nonlinear relationship between the enantiomeric excess of the product versus that of the chiral catalyst. Such information is not always sufficient to reveal if the active catalyst acts in its monomeric or dimeric form. Numerical simulations of two kinetic models including monomer and dimer catalysis with a Michaelis–Menten‐type reaction mechanism suggest that the nonlinear effects are mainly sensitive to an analogue of the Michaelis–Menten constant as well as to the diastereomeric energy difference between homochiral and heterochiral catalyst dimers. A practical monomer–dimer discrimination table is presented showing that the influence of the initial catalyst enantiomeric excess and the catalytic charge on the product enantiomeric excess and on the reaction half‐time together with the assessment of the kinetic order of the prochiral substrate are sufficient to assess whether the active catalyst acts in its monomeric or dimeric form.
Cr‐Doped La‐Ni‐O Catalysts Derived from Perovskite Precursors for CH4‐CO2 Reforming under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Odedairo Taiwo , Ma Jun , Chen Jiuling , Zhu Zhonghua
Published: April 2016

The nickel catalysts derived from Cr‐doped LaNiO3 perovskite‐like precursors were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, temperature‐programmed oxidation, temperature‐programmed reduction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Their catalytic performance in CO2 reforming of methane under microwave irradiation was investigated. It was found that the structure and morphology of the oxide composites in this research were influenced by the ratio of Ni and Cr, and the mismatch of La3+, Ni3+, and Cr3+ may cause phase segregation. The catalytic performance of the Ni catalysts is dependent on the oxygen mobility of the perovskite oxide matrix, the content of the reduced Ni0, and the content of the remaining perovskite structure. The mobile oxygen in the perovskite matrix in the catalyst may enhance the conversion of CO2 during the reaction.
New Evidence of LiO2 Dismutation in Lithium–Air Battery Cathodes
Authors: del Pozo Maria , Torres Walter R. , Herrera Santiago E. , Calvo Ernesto Julio
Published: April 2016

The dismutation of electrochemically generated soluble lithium superoxide with the formation of a lithium peroxide deposit on Au has been studied by addition of lithium ions and following the mass uptake detected by the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance at the open‐circuit potential and the surface morphology evolution by using atomic force microscopy.
Contrasts between Mild and Harsh Oxidation of Carbon Nanotubes in terms of their Properties and Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Gusmão Rui , Sofer Zdeněk , Nováček Michal , Pumera Martin
Published: April 2016

Fundamental studies and electrochemical applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have impacted a wide range of disciplines. A key issue for CNT electrochemistry is to understand how the physical, chemical, and electronic properties of different CNT materials affect their electrochemical performance. We investigate the differences arising from CNTs undergoing mild (H2O2) or harsh (HNO3) oxidation processes. Morphological assessment and chemical characterization of CNT materials revealed that HNO3 treatment (CNT–HNO3) was effective in removing a large part of the metallic impurities, whereas H2O2 treatment (CNT–H2O2) was more proficient in eliminating carbonaceous imperfections in the starting CNT material (CNTprist). We investigated the electrocatalytic and electron‐transfer properties of CNTprist and oxidized CNTs on a variety of electrochemical probes, which are sensitive to carbon surfaces as well as its oxygen‐containing groups and/or metallic impurities. Electrochemical results show that, for the studied molecules, CNTprist and CNT–H2O2 exhibit mostly indistinguishable performances, whereas CNT–HNO3 yields an improved performance.
Access to Base Adducts of Low‐Valent Organotin‐Hydride Compounds by Controlled, Stepwise Hydrogen Abstraction from a Tetravalent Organotin Trihydride
Authors: Sindlinger Christian P. , Grahneis Wiebke , Aicher Frederik S. W. , Wesemann Lars
Published: April 2016

Hydrogen can be selectively removed from organotin trihydrides to generate the corresponding organohydrostannylene intermediates. Depending on the size of the substituent and the mode of generation, the intermediates undergo further reactions. Herein, we report on the formation of a variety of organotin hydrides with tin in the oxidation states SnII, SnI–SnIII and SnIII–SnIII, all accessed by the controlled removal of hydrogen from the tetravalent Ar′SnIV trihydride (Ar′=2,6‐dimesitylphenyl, mesityl=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl).
Multiple Decay Mechanisms and 2D‐UV Spectroscopic Fingerprints of Singlet Excited Solvated Adenine‐Uracil Monophosphate
Authors: Li Quansong , Giussani Angelo , Segarra‐Martí Javier , Nenov Artur , Rivalta Ivan , Voityuk Alexander A. , Mukamel Shaul , Roca‐Sanjuán Daniel , Garavelli Marco , Blancafort Lluís
Published: April 2016

The decay channels of singlet excited adenine uracil monophosphate (ApU) in water are studied with CASPT2//CASSCF:MM potential energy calculations and simulation of the 2D‐UV spectroscopic fingerprints with the aim of elucidating the role of the different electronic states of the stacked conformer in the excited state dynamics. The adenine 1La state can decay without a barrier to a conical intersection with the ground state. In contrast, the adenine 1Lb and uracil S(U) states have minima that are separated from the intersections by sizeable barriers. Depending on the backbone conformation, the CT state can undergo inter‐base hydrogen transfer and decay to the ground state through a conical intersection, or it can yield a long‐lived minimum stabilized by a hydrogen bond between the two ribose rings. This suggests that the 1Lb, S(U) and CT states of the stacked conformer may all contribute to the experimental lifetimes of 18 and 240 ps. We have also simulated the time evolution of the 2D‐UV spectra and provide the specific fingerprint of each species in a recommended probe window between 25 000 and 38 000 cm−1 in which decongested, clearly distinguishable spectra can be obtained. This is expected to allow the mechanistic scenarios to be discerned in the near future with the help of the corresponding experiments. Our results reveal the complexity of the photophysics of the relatively small ApU system, and the potential of 2D‐UV spectroscopy to disentangle the photophysics of multichromophoric systems.
Host–Guest [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction: Postsynthetic Modulation of CO2 Selectivity and Magnetic Properties in a Bimodal Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Hazra Arpan , Bonakala Satyanarayana , Bejagam Karteek K. , Balasubramanian Sundaram , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: April 2016

Simultaneous tuning of permanent porosity and modulation of magnetic properties by postsynthetic modification (PSM) with light in a metal–organic framework is unprecedented. With the aim of achieving such a photoresponsive porous magnetic material, a 3D photoresponsive biporous framework, MOF1, which has 2D channels occupied by the guest 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (bpee), H2O, and EtOH molecules, has been synthesized. The guest bpee in 1 is aligned parallel to pillared bpee with a distance of 3.9 Å between the ethylenic groups; this allows photoinduced PSM of the pore surface through a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction to yield MOF2. Such photoinduced PSM of the framework structure introduces enhanced CO2 selectivity over that of N2. The higher selectivity in MOF2 than that of MOF1 is studied through theoretical calculations. Moreover, MOF2 unveils reversible changes in Tc with response to dehydration–rehydration. This result demonstrates that photoinduced PSM is a powerful tool for fabricating novel functional materials.
Highly Active Multidentate Ligand‐Based Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Du Ya , Yang Haishen , Zhu Chengpu , Ortiz Michael , Okochi Kenji D. , Shoemaker Richard , Jin Yinghua , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2016

Alkyne metathesis catalysts composed of molybdenum(VI) propylidyne and multidentate tris(2‐hydroxylbenzyl)methane ligands have been developed, which exhibit excellent stability (remains active in solution for months at room temperature), high activity, and broad functional‐group tolerance. The homodimerization and cyclooligomerization of monopropynyl or dipropynyl substrates, including challenging heterocycle substrates (e.g., pyridine), proceed efficiently at 40–55 °C in a closed system. The ligand structure and catalytic activity relationship has been investigated, which shows that the ortho groups of the multidentate phenol ligands are critical to the stability and activity of such a catalyst system.
Multistate Switches: Ruthenium Alkynyl–Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Conjugates
Authors: Vlasceanu Alexandru , Andersen Cecilie L. , Parker Christian R. , Hammerich Ole , Morsing Thorbjørn J. , Jevric Martyn , Lindbæk Broman Søren , Kadziola Anders , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: April 2016

Multimode molecular switches incorporating distinct and independently addressable functional components have potential applications as advanced switches and logic gates for molecular electronics and memory storage devices. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of four switches based on the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) photo/thermoswitch pair functionalized with the ruthenium‐based Cp*(dppe)Ru ([Ru*]) metal complex (dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). The [Ru*]–DHA conjugates can potentially exist in six different states accessible by alternation between DHA/VHF, RuII/RuIII, and alkynyl/vinylidene, which can be individually stimulated by using light/heat, oxidation/reduction, and acid/base. Access to the full range of states was found to be strongly dependent on the electronic communication between the metal center and the organic photoswitch in these [Ru*]–DHA conjugates. Detailed electrochemical, spectroscopic (UV/Vis, IR, NMR), and X‐ray crystallographic studies indeed reveal significant electronic interactions between the two moieties. When in direct conjugation, the ruthenium metal center was found to quench the photochemical ring‐opening of DHA, which in one case could be restored by protonation or oxidation, allowing conversion to the VHF state.
Applying Mechanochemistry for Bottom‐Up Synthesis and Host–Guest Surface Modification of Semiconducting Nanocrystals: A Case of Water‐Soluble β‐Cyclodextrin‐Coated Zinc Oxide
Authors: Krupiński Piotr , Kornowicz Arkadiusz , Sokołowski Kamil , Cieślak Anna M. , Lewiński Janusz
Published: April 2016

Mechanochemistry has recently emerged as an environmentally friendly solventless synthesis method enabling a variety of transformations including those impracticable in solution. However, its application in the synthesis of well‐defined nanomaterials remains very limited. Here, we report a new bottom‐up mechanochemical strategy to rapid mild‐conditions synthesis of organic ligand‐coated ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) and their further host–guest modification with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) leading to water‐soluble amide‐β‐CD‐coated ZnO NCs. The transformations can be achieved by either one‐pot sequential or one‐step three‐component process. The developed bottom‐up methodology is based on employing oxo‐zinc benzamidate, [Zn4(μ4‐O)(NHOCPh)6], as a predesigned molecular precursor undergoing mild solid‐state transformation to ZnO NCs in the presence of water in a rapid, clean and sustainable process.
Hückel's Rule of Aromaticity Categorizes Aromatic closo Boron Hydride Clusters
Authors: Poater Jordi , Solà Miquel , Viñas Clara , Teixidor Francesc
Published: April 2016

A direct connection is established between three‐dimensional aromatic closo boron hydride clusters and planar aromatic [n]annulenes for medium and large boron clusters. In particular, the results prove the existence of a link between the two‐dimensional Hückel rule, as followed by aromatic [n]annulenes, and Wade–Mingos’ rule of three‐dimensional aromaticity, as applied to the aromatic [BnHn]2− closo boron hydride clusters. The closo boron hydride clusters can be categorized into different series, according to the n value of the Hückel (4 n+2) π rule. The distinct categories studied in this work correspond to n=1, 2, and 3. Each category increases in geometrical difficulty but, more importantly, it is possible to associate each category with the number of pentagonal layers in the structure perpendicular to the main axis. Category 1 has one pentagonal layer, category 2 has two, and category 3 has three.
Synthesis of Novel Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐2‐amines from Arylamines and Nitriles via Sequential Addition and I2/KI‐Mediated Oxidative Cyclization
Authors: Tian Xianhai , Song Lina , Wang Manman , Lv Zhigang , Wu Jie , Yu Wenquan , Chang Junbiao
Published: April 2016

A novel and practical strategy for the construction of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐2‐amine frameworks has been developed. The present sequential approach involves addition of arylamines to nitriles and I2/KI‐mediated oxidative C−N bond formation without purification of the intermediate amidines. This operationally simple synthetic process provides a facile access to a variety of new 2‐amino substituted imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and related heterocyclic compounds in an efficient and scalable fashion.
5‐Mercuricytosine: An Organometallic Janus Nucleobase
Authors: Ukale Dattatraya , Shinde Vaishali S. , Lönnberg Tuomas
Published: April 2016

The base‐pairing properties of 5‐mercuricytosine have been explored at the monomer level by NMR titrations and at the oligonucleotide level by melting temperature measurements. The NMR studies revealed a relatively high affinity for guanine, hypoxanthine, and uridine, that is, bases that are deprotonated upon coordination of HgII. Within an oligonucleotide duplex, 5‐mercuricytosine formed HgII‐mediated base pairs with thymine and guanine. In the former case, the duplex formed was as stable as the respective duplex comprising solely Watson–Crick base pairs. Based on detailed thermodynamic analysis of the melting curves, the stabilization by the HgII‐mediated base pairs may be attributed to a comparatively low entropic penalty of hybridization.
ChemInform Abstract: TIME‐RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY OF THE MERCURY 63P1 STATE
Authors: HALSTEAD J. A. , REEVES R. R.
Published: April 2016

Resolved Spectroscopy of the Mercury 63P State.
ChemInform Abstract: HEXAGONAL PEROVSKITES WITH CATIONIC VACANCIES. XXIX. STRUCTURE OF BA4SCREW□O12 ‐ FUNCTION OF OCTAHEDRAL CATIONIC VACANCIES IN PEROVSKITE STACKING POLYTYPES
Authors: KEMMLER‐SACK S. , HERRMANN M.
Published: April 2016

Der hexagonale Titelperowskit kristallisiert in einer rhomboedrischen 12L‐Struktur (R3m; Sequenz(hhcc)3).
ChemInform Abstract: THE NATURE OF THE CHARGED SILVER CLUSTERS IN DEHYDRATED ZEOLITES OF TYPE A
Authors: GELLENS L. R. , MORTIER W. J. , SCHOONHEYDT R. A. , UYTTERHOEVEN J. B.
Published: April 2016

An 4 unterschiedlich vorbehandelten, mit Ag beladenen Zeolithen vom Typ A mit verschiedenen Ag‐Gehalten werden vergleichende röntgenographische und reflexionsspektroskopische Untersuchungen vorgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF NITROAMINE (NH2NO2) BY VANADIUM(II) AND CHROMIUM(II) IN ACID SOLUTION
Authors: HUGHES M. N. , OKOLOW‐ZUBKOWSKA M. , WALLIS H. L.
Published: April 2016

NHzNOz reagiert mit V(II) unter 2‐Elektronenreduktion zu N2 und H2O. NH2′5NO2 liefert "N‐′SN.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC STUDIES AND THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (ENH2)(V(HEDTA‐H))2.CNTDOT.2H2O: A NOVEL DI‐μ‐ALCOXY‐BRIDGED DIMER OF SEVEN‐COORDINATE VANADIUM(III)
Authors: SHEPHERD R. E. , HATFIELD W. E. , GHOSH D. , STOUT C. D. , KRISTINE F. J. , RUBLE J. R.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Pna21 mit Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON DEFICIENT HETEROAROMATIC AMMONIOAMIDATES. PART 21. N‐(3‐QUINAZOLINIO)AMIDATES. PART 9. ADDITION REACTIONS OF SOME N‐(3‐QUINAZOLINIO)AMIDATES WITH ACETONE
Authors: BARTA‐SZALAI G. , CSOEREGH I. + , CZUGLER M. , FETTTER J. , LEMPERT K. , MOELLER J.
Published: April 2016

Die Amidate (I) bilden mit Aceton in Gegenwart von n‐Butylamin die Addukte (II) und (III) [mit Ausnahme von (IId) und (IIIc); Hauptprodukt der Reaktion von (Id) ist (IV)] in einem von der Substitution abhängigen Verhältnis, in Gegenwart von SiO2 (in zwei untersuchten Fällen) dagegen ausschließlich Addukte des Typs (II).
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIZATION WITH IMINIUM CHLORIDES. PART 3. SYNTHESIS OF 3,4‐DIHYDRO‐(1H)‐1,3,4‐BENZOTRIAZEPINE‐2,5‐DIONES
Authors: BITTER I. , SZOECS L. , TOEKE L.
Published: April 2016

Während die Behandlung des AmmoniobenzoxaZiIIOHS (IDmit Hydrazin bzw. Phenylhydrazin zu den Ureidobenzhydraziden (III) führt, die thermisch zu den Chinazolindionen (IV) bzw. (V) cyclisiert werden, gelingt die Darstellung des gewünschten Dihydrobenzotriazepindions (VI) aus (II) und Methylhydrazin.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMOLYTIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF POLYFLUORO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. XXIV. HIGH‐TEMPERATURE REACTIONS OF PENTAFLUOROTOLUENE AND ITS α‐HALOGENATED ANALOGS WITH DIHALOCARBENE SOURCES
Authors: DVORNIKOVA K. V. , SAVCHENKO T. I. , KOLESNIKOVA I. V. , PETROVA T. D. , PLATONOV V. E.
Published: April 2016

Bei Copyrolysereaktionen (Quarzrohr; N2‐Strom) der Toluole (II) mit Chlordifluormethan entstehen hauptsächlich die Indane (I).
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUOROALLYL FLUOROSULFATE, A REACTIVE NEW PERFLUOROALLYLATING AGENT
Authors: KRESPAN C. G. , ENGLAND D. C.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion von SO3 mit einem 1.5‐2fachen Überschuß Perfluorpropen (I) gibt neben dem Sulton (II) das Titelreagenz (III), das beim Behandeln mit SO3 /B(O‐Me)3 in (I) übergeht; unter gleichen Bedingungen erweist sich das Sulton (II) als stabil.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND TAUTOMERIC STRUCTURES OF ACYLCYCLOPENTANE‐1,2,4‐TRIONES
Authors: FRANKLIN R. W. , WARD R. S. , ROBERTS D. W.
Published: April 2016

Die 1H‐ und 13C‐NMR‐Daten der alkoxycarbonylsubstituierten Cyclopentantrione (II) weisen darauf hin, daß diese überwiegend in einer Dienol‐Form, wahrscheinlich (III), vorliegen.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐METHYLENECYCLOHEXANONE‐2,4‐DICARBOXYLATES FROM THE ANIONS OF SECONDARY AMIDES AND ACRYLATES
Authors: GALT R. H. B. , MATUSIAK Z. S.
Published: April 2016

Acrylsäureester (II) reagieren in Gegenwart der Amide (I) in Form der mit NaH hergestellten Anionen über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zu den Trimerisierungsprodukten (III) neben geringen Anteilen an den Cyclohexenolen (IV) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SPHERANDS, THE FIRST LIGAND SYSTEMS FULLY ORGANIZED DURING SYNTHESIS RATHER THAN DURING COMPLEXATION
Authors: TRUEBLOOD K. N. , KNOBLER C. B. , MAVERICK E. , HELGESON R. C. , BROWN S. B. , CRAM D. J.
Published: April 2016

Durch Kupplung von 6 monomeren Einheiten der Verbindung (I) wird das Titelsystem (II) gewonnen, das direkt ‐ nach bekannter Methode ‐ in den Komplex (IIIa) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF OXAZOLES WITH ACETYLENE DERIVATIVES. PART III. REACTIONS OF TRISUBSTITUTED OXAZOLE DERIVATIVES WITH ETHYL PROPIOLATE
Authors: JAWORSKI T. , MIZERSKI T.
Published: April 2016

Die Dienreaktion der zum Teil bisher unbekannten Oxazole (I) mit Elektronenakzeptorgruppen in Position 2 oder5 wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATION IN TETRONIC ACID KETOXIME DERIVATIVES. STRUCTURE AND BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT. SYNTHESIS OF 3‐ACETAMIDOTETRONIC ACIDS
Authors: GELIN S.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Tetronsäuren (I) werden die Oxime (II) hergestellt und mit Alkali und Benzolsulfonsäurechlorid zu den Amiden (III) umgelagert.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY ON SUBSTANCES OF ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY. PART XVIII. BISAMIDINOHYDRAZONES OF N‐HETEROCYCLIC AROMATIC DIALDEHYDES
Authors: GARUTI L. , FERRANTI A. , GIOVANNINETTI G. , BASERGA M. , MANNINI PALENZONA A.
Published: April 2016

Durch Umsetzung entsprechender Dialdehyde mit Aminoguanidin erhält man die Amidinohydrazone (I)‐(VI), von denen lediglich die Indol‐Derivate (III) und (IV) eine geringe Wirkung gegen Herpes Simplex Virus‐1(MP) besitzen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS OF AZA‐COPE REARRANGEMENTS. STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CIS‐3A‐ARYLOCTAHYDROINDOLES AND A NEW SHORT ENTRY TO AMARYLLIDACEAE ALKALOIDS
Authors: OVERMAN L. E. , MENDELSON L. T.
Published: April 2016

Kondensation der Aminocyclopentanone (Ia) bzw. (Ib) mit den Li‐Styrolen (IIa) bzw. (IIb) gibt die diastereomeren Aminoalkohole (IIIa)/(IVa) bzw. (IIIb)/(IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE LEFT‐HAND SEGMENT OF THE ANTITUMOR AGENT CC‐1065
Authors: WIERENGA W.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese des Cyclopropanopyrroloindol‐Segmentes (XI) der Antitumor‐Substanz CC‐1065 (XII) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐OXATHIOLAN. GAS‐PHASE THERMOLYSES
Authors: CARLSEN L. , ESGAARD H. , WHITHAM G. H. , HARPP D. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Vakuumpyrolyse des Hydroxypropylthio‐phthalimids (I) ergibt das Oxathiolan (II), bei dessen Vakuum‐Blitzpyrolyse der Allylalkohol (III) und Acrolein (IV) entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION OF SALTS OF DITHIOCARBAMIC ACIDS WITH 4‐SUBSTITUTED 2‐THIOLENE‐ AND 3,4‐DISUBSTITUTED THIOLANE 1,1‐DIOXIDES. STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF N‐PHENYLTHIOLANO(3,4‐D)THIAZOLIDINE‐2‐THIONE 5,5‐DIOXIDE
Authors: BEZMENOVA T. E. , KHASKIN G. I. , SLUTSKII V. I. , DUL'NEV P. G. , ZAKHAROV L. N. , KULISHOV V. I. , STRUCHKOV YU. T.
Published: April 2016

3,4‐Disubstituierte′ Thiolandioxide (I)′öder 4‐substituierte Thiolendioxide (II) reagieren mit Dithiocarbaminaten (III) über die Zwischenstufe (IV) zu Thiolano‐thiazolidin‐thion‐dioxiden (V).
ChemInform Abstract: MICHAEL‐REACTION WITH 7‐HYDROXY‐3‐CARBETHOXYCOUMARIN
Authors: HASSAN M. A. , AL‐DEEK M. , EL‐BORAI M.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung des Cumarinderivats (III) mit Ketonen unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen liefert die Michael‐Addukte (I), (V)‐(X).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF SOME AMINOPIPERIDINECARBOXYLIC ACIDS RELATED TO NIPECOTIC ACID
Authors: JACOBSEN P. , SCHAUMBURG K. , LARSEN J.‐J. , KROGSGAARD‐LARSEN P.
Published: April 2016

Hydrierung der Aminonicotinsäure (I) liefert je nach Reaktionsbedingungen 1. [nach Umsetzung mit dem Chlorameisensäureester (II)] die Produkte (III) (isoliert als Acetat) + (IVa) + (IVb) + (IVc) bzw. 2. als ausschließliches Produkt die Verbindung (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐TRIFLUOROMETHYLQUINOLINES
Authors: MONTI D. , GRAMATICA P. , MANITTO P.
Published: April 2016

Das Brom‐chinolin (I) reagiert mit Butyl‐Lithium/Dimethylformamid zum Aldehyd (II), der mit Nitro‐ethan zum Nitropropylen‐chjnolin (III) kondensiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE 2‐PHENYL‐PYRAZOLO(1,5‐A)PYRIMIDINES
Authors: PECORI VETTORI L. , CECCHI L. , COSTANZO A. , AUZZI G. , BRUNI F.
Published: April 2016

Phenyl‐aminopyrazol (II) wird mit Estern bzw. Acetalen zu den Pyrazolo‐pyrimidinen (I), (III), (IV) und (VI) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION OF THE BENZO(4,5)CYCLOHEPTA(1,2‐B)PYRAZINE AND BENZO(4,5)CYCLOHEPTA(1,2‐B)QUINOXALINE SYSTEMS
Authors: EBERLE M. K. , KAHLE G. G.
Published: April 2016

4,5‐Benzotropolon (I) reagiert mit o‐Phenylen‐ diamin (II) zum Kondensationsprodukt (III); in gleicher Weise reagieren 1,2‐Diaminocyclohexan (IV) und Ethylendiamin (VI) zu Kondensationsprodukten (V) bzw. (VIIa); letzteres kann alkalisch zu (VIIb) methyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF “STRETCHED‐OUT” ANALOGS OF LUMAZINE, 6,7‐DIMETHYLLUMAZINE AND 2‐AMINO‐5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDRO‐6,7‐DIMETHYL‐4‐PTERIDINONE
Authors: SCHNELLER S. W. , CHRIST W. J.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Kondensation des o‐Phenylendiamins (I) mit Glyoxal bzw. Diacetyl entstehen die Verbindungen (IIa) bzw. (IIb) die mit Harnstoff (III) zu den Pyrazinochinazolindionen (IV) kondensiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF SOME 2‐HYDROXYPYRAZINE 1‐OXIDES
Authors: OHTA A. , MASANO S. , TSUTSUI M. , YAMAMOTO F. , SUZUKI S. , MAKITA H. , TAMAMURA H. , AKITA Y.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Pyrazinen (I) bzw. (IV) erhält man bei der Oxidation die entsprechenden N‐Oxide (II) bzw. (V), die mit Alkali zu den N‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐Verbindungen (III) bzw. (VI) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: RESEARCH ON TUMOR INHIBITING COMPOUNDS. PART LXV. SYNTHESES OF NITRO‐10,11‐DIHYDRO‐5H‐DIBENZ(B,F)AZEPINES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
Authors: HOROWSKA B. , LEDOCHOWSKI A.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese der 10,11‐Dihydro‐5H‐ dibenz[b,f]azepine (II),(III) und (V)‐(XI) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THREE ISOMERIC MACROBICYCLIC POLYETHERS HAVING SIMILAR MELTING POINTS AND DIFFERENT COMPLEXING POWER FOR ALKALI METAL CATIONS
Authors: BANDY J. A. , PARSONS D. G. , TRUTER M. R.
Published: April 2016

Durch Hydrierung des Dibenzo[14]krone‐4‐cis‐diols (I) in Gegenwart eines Ruthenium‐Katalysators erhält man ein Gemisch der isomeren Diole (II)‐(IV), die mit dem Ditosylat (V) in die entsprechenden überbrückten makrocyclischen Polyether übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: RING ENLARGEMENT BY (2,3)SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENT OF CYCLIC SULFONIUM YLIDES. 2. CONFORMATIONAL CONTROL OF PRODUCT STEREOCHEMISTRY
Authors: CERE V. , PAOLUCCI C. , POLLICINO S. , SANDRI E. , FAVA A.
Published: April 2016

Aus den cyclischen Sulfonium‐Salzen (I) bzw. (IV), deren Herstellung beschrieben ist, erhält man bei der Behandlung mit tert.‐Butylat unter Ringerweiterung die makrocyclischen Thiaalkene (II) und (III) bzw. (V) und (VI), deren Bildung in Relation zur Struktur ausführlich untersucht und diskutiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: N21,N22 CIS‐BRIDGED TETRAARYLPORPHYRINS FROM OXIDATION OF TETRAARYLPORPHINATOIRON(II)‐CARBENE COMPLEXES
Authors: WISNIEFF T. J. , GOLD A. , EVANS S. A. JUN.
Published: April 2016

Der nach bekannter Methode aus 1,1,1‐Trichlor‐2,2‐ bis‐(p‐chlorphenyl)‐ethan und Tetraanisylporphinatoeisen(II)‐chlorid in Gegenwart von Fe‐Pulver erhaltene Carbenkomplex (I) liefert bei Oxidation mit F eC13 im Überschuß das Titelbrückenporphyrin (III).
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATIVE ADDITION OF ALLYL ACETATE TO PALLADIUM(0) COMPLEXES
Authors: YAMAMOTO T. , SAITO O. , YAMAMOTO A.
Published: April 2016

Die Allyl‐O‐Bindung von Allylacetaten wird durch Pd(0)‐Verbindungen unter Bildung von n3 ‐Al1ylacetato‐Pd(II)‐ Intermediärkomplexen aktiviert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE ISOBACTERIOCHLORIN MACROCYCLE: A PHOTOCHEMICAL APPROACH
Authors: HARRISON P. J. , FOOKES C. J. R. , BATTERSBY A. R.
Published: April 2016

Die Verbindungen (I) und (II) reagieren zu den seco‐Verbindungen (III), die photolytisch zu den Isobacteriochlorinen (IV) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: AROMATIZATION OF 3β‐CHLORO‐5,7β‐DIBROMO‐5α‐CHOLESTAN‐6‐ONE
Authors: SHAFIULLAH SHAFIULLAH , ALI H. , SHAMSUZZAMAN SHAMSUZZAMAN
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) aromatisiert beim Behandeln mit NaN3 /konz.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBOHYDRATE METHYL ETHERS. X. HYDROGENOLYSIS OF BENZYLIDENE ACETALS. SYNTHESIS OF MONO‐ AND DI‐O‐METHYL ETHERS OF L‐ARABINOSE
Authors: SZURMAI Z. , LIPTAK A. , HARANGI J. , NANASI P.
Published: April 2016

Die Methylierungsprodukte (Ic), (Id) der bekannten Benzylidenderivate (Ia), (Ib) liefern durch reduktive Ringspaltung jeweils ein Gemisch der β‐L‐Arabinopyranoside (IIa)+(IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: RESEARCHERS SUCCEED IN MAKING AKLAVINONE
Authors: FOX J. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese von Aklavinon (I) ist gleichzeitig von drei Gruppen beschrieben worden (J. Am.
ChemInform Abstract: INFLUENCE OF PH ON THE POTENTIAL DEPENDENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER PHOTOOXIDATION AT TITANIUM DIOXIDE ELECTRODES
Authors: SALVADOR P.
Published: April 2016

Wie Messungen des Photostroms in Abhängigkeit vom Elektrodenpotential bei verschiedenen Elektrolyt‐pH‐Werten zeigen, hängt die Quantenausb.
ChemInform Abstract: THIN FILM CADMIUM SELENIDE ELECTRODES FOR BACKWALL PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
Authors: RUSSAK M. A. , REICHMAN J.
Published: April 2016

Es wird eine photoelektrochemische Zelle vorgestellt, bei der die Belichtung der Grenzfläche Halbleiter‐Elektrode nicht durch den Elektrolyten hindurch erfolgt (starke Absorptionsverluste), sondern durch eine halbtransparente photoaktive CdSe‐Dünnsc‐hichtelektrode.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY OF β‐ALUMINA
Authors: DUBREUIL A. , MALENFANT M. , PELTON A. D.
Published: April 2016

Die Freie Bildungsenthalpie des Supraionenleiters β‐AlzO3 im Gleichgewicht mit α‐Al2O3 wird im Temperaturbereich 320‐800°C mit Hilfe zweier verschiedener EMK‐Methoden zu ΔG° = ‐22.0·104‐0.57 T·103 J bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: ADSORPTION OF NITROGEN‐CONTAINING COMPOUNDS ON SILICA‐SUPPORTED NICKEL; ADSORPTION OF AMMONIA ON SILICA‐SUPPORTED NICKEL, SILICA‐SUPPORTED NICKEL OXIDE AND SILICA
Authors: BALDAMUS G. , HOBERT H. , KLOSTERMANN K. , RUDAKOFF G.
Published: April 2016

Mit Hilfe der IR‐Transmissionsspektroskopie wird gezeigt, daß NH3 bei 300 K an NiO/SiO2′ und Ni/siOz‐Präparaten als intaktes Molekül adsorbiert und koordinativ an Ni‐Oberflächenionen bzw. ‐atome gebunden ist.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF RATE CONSTANTS FOR THE REACTION OF ATOMIC OXYGEN WITH HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
Authors: SINGLETON D. L. , CVETANOVIC R. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Reaktion von O‐Atomen im Grundzustand mit HCl werden mit Hilfe einer Phasenverschiebungsmethode im Temp.‐Bereich 330‐600 K bestimmt und lassen sich durch den Arrhenius‐Ausdruck k1 = 3.06·1012 exp(‐3160/T) cm3mol‐1s‐1 darstellen.