bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of methodological moderators on prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A meta‐analysis
Authors: Nielsen Morten Birkeland , Matthiesen Stig Berge , Einarsen Ståle
Published: November 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate how different measurement methods and sampling techniques contribute to the observed variation in prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A total of 102 prevalence estimates of bullying from 86 independent samples (N=130,973) were accumulated and compared by means of meta‐analysis. At an average, the statistically independents samples provided an estimate of 14.6%. Yet, the findings show that methodological moderators influence the estimated rates. As for measurement method, a rate of 11.3% was found for studies investigating self‐labelled victimization from bullying based on a given definition of the concept, whereas a rate of 14.8% was found for behavioural measure studies, and 18.1% for self‐labelling studies without a given definition. A difference of 8.7% points was found between randomly sampled and non‐randomly sampled studies. When controlling for geographical differences, the findings show that geographical factors also influence findings on bullying. Hence, findings from different studies on workplace bullying cannot be compared without taking moderator variables into account.
Book Reviews
Authors: Palmer Kimberley
Published: November 2010

I-Muslims: Rewiring the House of Islam Gary Bunt (2009) C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. 360 pp., ISBN 978-1850659501 (pbk), Price: 12.99Islam Dot Com: Contemporary Islamic Discourses in Cyberspace (The Palgrave MacMillan Series in International Political Communication,
Mohammed El-Nawawy, Sahar Khamis (2009) Pallgrave MacMillan, 280 pp., ISBN 978-0230600355 (Hardback), Price: 55.00How Arabic Journalists Translate English-Language Newspaper Headlines: Case Studies in Cross-Cultural Understanding Ghayda A. Ali and Basil Hatim. (2009) Edwin Mellen
Press Ltd. 347pp., ISBN 978-0773438385 (Hardcover), Price: 74.95News from the BBC, CNN and Al-Jazeera: How the Three Broadcasters Cover the Middle East Leon Barkho. (2010) Hampton Press Inc. 185pp., ISBN 978-1572739758 (pbk), Price: 15.53
Considerações teóricas e conceituais acerca do trabalho em vigilância sanitária, campo específico do trabalho em saúde
Authors: Souza Gisélia Santana , Costa Ediná Alves
Published: November 2010

O artigo discute alguns pressupostos teórico-conceituais para a análise do trabalho em vigilância sanitária em uma perspectiva social e histórica. Como trabalho em saúde, apresenta especificidades que são inerentes aos elementos que compõem os seus processos de trabalho e se inserem no espaço das relações de produção-consumo, sob a ação regulatória do Estado. A problematização do trabalho da vigilância ocorre pelas especificidades de seus objetos, que são analisados em sua dupla dimensão, ao mesmo tempo como "meios de vida" e "mercadoria", e considerados produções sociais. Isso confere aos seus processos de trabalho um caráter provisório e histórico, permeado por contradições. A divisão técnica e social do trabalho, no âmbito da sociedade, determina a organização dos processos de trabalho da vigilância sanitária, em sua dimensão "técnico-científica" e da "organização político-administrativa", tendo-se em conta a necessidade da garantia da integralidade nas ações de proteção da saúde. Espera-se que a vigilância sanitária esteja organizada e atuando nos diversos momentos da cadeia produtiva. Identificam-se e discutem-se os conceitos de interdependência e intercomplementaridade como princípios estruturantes das práticas de controle sanitário.
A produção científica e grupos de pesquisa sobre vigilância sanitária no CNPq
Authors: Pepe Vera Lúcia Edais , Noronha Ana Beatriz Marinho de , Figueiredo Tatiana Aragão , Souza Adriana de Alvarenga Linhares de , Oliveira Catia Veronica dos Santos , Pontes Júnior Durval Martins
Published: November 2010

A vigilância sanitária caracteriza-se por ser prática intersetorial e multidisciplinar, utilizando-se, de longa data, do conhecimento científico produzido em diferentes áreas. Esta pesquisa objetivou descrever a produção científica sobre vigilância sanitária registrada por pesquisadores cadastrados na Plataforma Lattes do CNPq e analisar o perfil dos grupos de pesquisa que trabalham com o tema. Utilizaram-se os Censos de 2000, 2002 e 2004 do Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico com o termo "vigilância sanitária". A produção científica foi analisada no período de 1997 a 2003. Encontraram-se 1.194 registros, sendo 913 na categoria de produção bibliográfica e 281 em orientações concluídas, com aumento de 540% no período. A produção foi realizada por 735 grupos de pesquisa, criados principalmente entre 2000 e 2003, e 6.263 pesquisadores, concentrados na região Sudeste e na pequena área da Saúde Coletiva. Conclui-se que, pelo crescimento da produção especialmente na última década, a vigilância sanitária tem se tornado locus de produção de saber e ocupado fóruns importantes de produção científica voltados à Saúde Coletiva no Brasil, sendo ela ainda concentrada, assim como outras áreas na Saúde.
Controle sanitário da propaganda de bebidas alcoólicas no Brasil: estudo dos projetos de lei de 1988 a 2004
Authors: Falcão Isa Cristina Lopes , Rangel-S Maria Ligia
Published: November 2010

Este estudo analisa as propostas de projetos de lei para o controle sanitário da propaganda de bebidas alcoólicas nos meios de comunicação de massa, apresentados ao Congresso Nacional entre 1988 e 2004. Inserido em um debate de natureza ético-política, o controle sanitário dessa propaganda é uma questão controversa, pois os interesses pela proteção da saúde se confrontam com os interesses comerciais mesmo ante as evidências científicas de que o consumo crescente de álcool é um problema social e de saúde no mundo contemporâneo. Realizou-se a análise de conteúdo de 67 documentos, na qual se mostra que as propostas formuladas, majoritariamente, apresentam-se como estratégias de enfrentamento a essa propaganda, procurando desvincular valores associados ao produto que interferem na construção da identidade social de crianças e adolescentes e limitar o conteúdo das mensagens veiculadas nos meios de comunicação de massa, dado que este segmento está mais vulnerável. O estudo evidencia complexos desafios para o controle da propaganda, que implicam repensar a própria atuação do Estado ante esse relevante problema de Saúde Pública.
Assistência Farmacêutica no Sistema Único de Saúde: da Política Nacional de Medicamentos à Atenção Básica à Saúde
Authors: Oliveira Luciane Cristina Feltrin de , Assis Marluce Maria Araújo , Barboni André René
Published: November 2010

Este artigo é um estudo de revisão teórica que discute a Assistência Farmacêutica no Sistema Único de Saúde, resgatando-se brevemente a história da Política Nacional de Medicamentos, os mecanismos de financiamento no processo de descentralização da saúde e a Assistência Farmacêutica na Atenção Básica à Saúde. A ampliação do acesso da população ao sistema de saúde exigiu mudanças na distribuição de medicamentos, de maneira a aumentar a cobertura e ao mesmo tempo minimizar custos. Identificam-se avanços no arcabouço jurídico e institucional: descentralização da gestão das ações da assistência farmacêutica; ampliação do acesso da população aos medicamentos essenciais; e estruturação da assistência farmacêutica nos municípios. No entanto, persistem ações prioritárias em relação ao financiamento e cobertura populacional, em detrimento da qualidade dos processos. Conclui-se que em muitos municípios brasileiros ocorrem baixa disponibilidade e descontinuidade da oferta de medicamentos essenciais; dispensação por trabalhadores sem qualificação; condições inadequadas de armazenamento que comprometem a qualidade dos medicamentos; prescrição de medicamentos que não pertencem à Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais; e problemas relacionados ao acesso dos usuários à farmacoterapia.
Avaliação da referência e contrarreferência no Programa Saúde da Família na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RJ, Brasil)
Authors: Serra Carlos Gonçalves , Rodrigues Paulo Henrique de Almeida
Published: November 2010

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada sobre o sistema de referência e contrarreferência em apoio ao Programa/Estratégia Saúde da Família nos municípios de Duque de Caxias (RJ) e do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa contou com apoio do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e das Secretarias Municipais de Saúde (SMS) de Duque de Caxias e do Rio de Janeiro. Partiu-se da premissa de que o PSF, para ser resolutivo, precisa contar com o apoio do nível secundário em termos de realização de consultas e exames especializados, indispensáveis para a conclusão de diagnósticos, o que depende do funcionamento da referência e contrarreferência. Entre os resultados obtidos que dificultam o acesso dos pacientes e o bom funcionamento dos sistemas de referência e contrarreferência nas áreas pesquisadas, estão: (1) limitada oferta de consultas e exames; (2) inexistência ou precariedade da contrarreferência; (3) má organização das atividades de regulação; (4) baixa utilização de protocolos clínicos para encaminhamentos; (5) precariedade em termos de sistemas de informação e comunicação; (6) significativa influência política na gestão das unidades; (7) grande diversidade na denominação das unidades de saúde e multiplicidade das grades de oferta de serviços.
Acolhimento e (des)medicalização social: um desafio para as equipes de saúde da família
Authors: Tesser Charles Dalcanale , Poli Neto Paulo , Campos Gastão Wagner de Sousa
Published: November 2010

Este artigo discute a relação entre a prática do acolhimento na atenção primária (Programa/Estratégia Saúde da Família) e o processo de medicalização social. Inicia com a síntese de uma revisão sobre medicalização social e a indicação de influências históricas e conceituais sobre a organização da atenção básica brasileira, que prepararam terreno para a emergência da proposta do Acolhimento. Argumenta sobre a possibilidade de se realizar o Acolhimento numa lógica desmedicalizante e interdisciplinar e sobre a forte potencialidade inversa, quando o Acolhimento é restrito a simples pronto-atendimento médico. Sugere mudanças em rotinas, agendas e atividades profissionais individuais e coletivas, terapêuticas e de promoção à saúde, para que cada equipe possa acolher seus usuários minimizando a medicalização. Conclui a favor de experimentações do Acolhimento como estratégia para se lidar com eventos inesperados e com a demanda espontânea, sempre tomando cuidados quanto ao seu potencial medicalizador.
Prices, Promotions, and Supermarket Mergers
Authors: Davis David E.
Published: November 2010

Using a unique data set of transaction-level retail food sales, I find that food prices are negatively related to supermarket chains shares of total U.S. food sales. The negative relationship suggests that supermarket chains enjoy economies of scale or benefit from an improved post-merger bargaining position. In contrast, the regressions also show an increase in price after a merger, which is independent from changes in observable control variables. Subsequent fractional logit analysis suggests mergers are associated with decreases in the frequency and depth of price-promotions. These latter effects suggest supermarkets enjoy greater unilateral pricing power post-merger, perhaps due to improved brand identity.
Study on Postharvest Physico-Mechanical and Aerodynamic Properties of Mungbean [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek] Seeds
Authors: Ghasemlou Mehran , Khodaiyan Faramarz , Gharibzahedi Seyed Mohammd Taghi , Moayedi Ali , Keshavarz Behnam
Published: November 2010

Determination of physical and mechanical properties can facilitate the design calculations of harvesting, handling, sorting and processing equipments. In this study, these properties of mungbean have been evaluated as a function of seed moisture content varying from 8.72 to 27.41% (d.b.). In this moisture range, the length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter and surface area increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 4.32 to 5.10 mm, 3.33 to 3.54 mm, 3.30 to 3.59 mm, 3.62 to 4.01 mm and 41.1 to 50.6 mm2, respectively, whereas sphericity, porosity, bulk and true density decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 83.80 to 78.63%, 39 to 36.56%, 841.3 to 730.7 kg/m3 and 1379.1 to 1151.8 kg/m3, respectively. Moreover, thousand seed mass, angle of repose and terminal velocity increased (p < 0.01) from 37.3 to 43.8 g, 31.6 to 40.3° and 4.9 to 5.8 m/s, respectively, by increasing the moisture content. The static coefficient of friction of mungbean seed increased against the surfaces of four structural materials, namely plywood (31.54 %), glass (29.54%), stainless steel (21.56%) and galvanized iron sheet (11.41%) as the moisture content increased from 8.72% to 27.41% d.b. Also, the results showed that the force required for initiating seed rupture decreased from 40.56 to 23.04 N and 59.82 to 19.51 N, and the energy absorbed at seed rupture increased from 7.20 to 27.36 mJ and 9.87 to 31.22 mJ by increasing in moisture content from 8.72% to 27.41% d.b. for vertical and horizontal orientations, respectively (p < 0.01).
Relationships Among Teamwork Behavior, Trust, Perceived Team Support, and Team Commitment
Authors: Sheng Chieh-Wen , Tian Yi-Fang , Chen Ming-Chia
Published: November 2010

Our aim in this study was to probe into the factors of team members' team commitment in order to determine if members' teamwork behaviors significantly influence their trust, and if the members' perception of team support influences their attitude or behavior within a team. A total
of 548 questionnaires were distributed to teams participating in competitions, and 206 valid samples were collected (rate of return = 38%). The results of structural equation modeling showed that teamwork behaviors, trust, and perceived team support significantly influenced team commitment,
teamwork behaviors significantly influenced trust among the members, and perceived team support significantly influenced teamwork behaviors, trust, and team commitment.
Online Intrusion Behaviors: Sequences and Time Intervals
Authors: Chueh Hao-En , Ho Shun-Chuan , Chang Shih-Peng , Hsu Ping-Yu
Published: November 2010

In this study we model the sequences and time intervals of online intrusion behaviors. To maintain network security, intrusion detection systems monitor network environments; however, most existing intrusion detection systems produce too many intrusion alerts, causing network managers
to investigate many potential intrusions individually to determine their validity. To solve this problem, we combined a clustering analysis of the time intervals of online users' behaviors with a sequential pattern analysis to identify genuine intrusion behaviors. Knowledge of the patterns
generated by intruder behaviors can help network managers maintain network security.
Rural Tourism: Perspectives from Social Exchange Theory
Authors: Chuang Shu-Tzu
Published: November 2010

In this study, rural residents' attitudes toward rural tourism were investigated and analyzed factors from a social psychological perspective. It was found that residents who were economically dependent on rural tourism tended to have more positive attitudes towards the industry; this
finding is consistent with social exchange theory. The frequency and quality of the interaction between tourists and residents also played important roles in influencing residents' attitudes.
Helplessness, Depression, and Social Support Among People Being Treated for Tuberculosis in South Africa
Authors: Naidoo Pamela , Mwaba Kelvin
Published: November 2010

Based on the outcome of a previous qualitative study in the same setting it was hypothesized that assessing the prevalence and severity of helplessness and depression, and the quality of social support among people with tuberculosis (TB) may provide indicators of how to provide interventions
to enhance their quality of life. Building on the results of previous research it was found that among people with TB who were attending a public health clinic in the Cape Metropole area of South Africa the psychosocial factors that had a negative influence on adherence to the Directly Observed
Short Course program were feelings of helplessness (10.9% of the group in the study), depression (64.3%), and inadequate social support. The majority of participants received the most social support from their close relatives. These findings indicate that the assessment and treatment programs
at this health site should also be focused on screening for depression and providing necessary interventions where appropriate. Ultimately, these interventions should reduce the burden of TB as an infectious disease.
The Actor-Observer Effect as a Function of Performance Outcome and Nationality of Other
Authors: Green Thomas D. , McClearn Duane G.
Published: November 2010

The purpose in this study was to compare the reasons that individuals provided for their own academic performance outcomes and the outcomes of others of differing nationalities. For American self, as well as American other, Mexican, Canadian, English, Russian, and Japanese others, participants
rated the influence of internal and external causal factors on both successful and unsuccessful examination outcomes. Predictions drawn from the integration of the actor-observer effect (Jones & Nisbett, 1971) and ego-serving bias theory (Miller & Ross, 1975) were tested. Results provided
support for an extended overall actor-observer effect in that as the nationality of other became more dissimilar, individuals ascribed increasingly greater internal causation for the behavioral outcomes of others (as compared to self). Additionally, results provided support for the operation
of a self-serving, self-other comparison process in that the actor-observer tendency emerged quite differently in successful, as compared to unsuccessful, performance outcome situations.
Explicit and implicit school satisfaction
Authors: Tian Li li , Liu Wang , Gilman Rich
Published: November 2010

A total of 124 high school students reported their explicit and implicit school satisfaction using the School Satisfaction Subscale (SSS) of the Adolescent's School Well-being Scale and the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT). The results showed that gender and grade
significantly influenced explicit – but not implicit – school satisfaction for senior high school students.
The Value of Peace: Subjective Importance and Perceived Self-Efficacy in Promoting Pacific Cohabitation
Authors: Uga Valeria , Zilli Iole
Published: November 2010

We compared the subjective importance of the value of peace and the perceived self-efficacy in promoting pacific cohabitation among members of a Buddhist community named Soka Gakkai. Members of this group assume that peace is a fundamental condition for living together. The role of
the affiliation to the group and the members' seniority have been taken into account. Results highlighted that affiliation to a group which assumes peace as its main concern enhances both the importance of the value of peace and the perceived self-efficacy in promoting pacific cohabitation.
Moreover, modifications to self-efficacy increase with members' seniority.
Customer-Related Social Stressors and Emotional Exhaustion: The Mediating Role of Surface and Deep Acting
Authors: Song Guoping , Liu Haihua
Published: November 2010

The role of surface acting and deep acting in mediating the relationship between customer-related social stressors (CSS) and emotional exhaustion were examined in this study. Employees (N = 310) working in the call-center industry were surveyed. Data were analyzed using structural
equation modeling. Results showed that two CSS components; disproportionate customer expectation and customer verbal aggression, were positively related to emotional exhaustion, and that surface acting fully mediated the relationship between disproportionate customer expectation and emotional
exhaustion. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Leadership and Teamwork Paradigms: Two Models for Baseball Coaches
Authors: Chen Chao-Chien
Published: November 2010

Two popular leadership models were examined: transformational/transactional leadership and leader member exchange (LMX). The aim was to assess which model is the most appropriate to use when coaching a baseball team to build teamwork. While the transformational/transactional model was
found to be sufficient to determine coaching behaviors towards the team as an entity and in inspiring the team, it was not found to address sufficiently the actual workings of the coach-player relationship. For this purpose, the LMX model was considered to be more useful. The LMX model also
included more specific mechanisms for the improvement of teamwork than the transformational/transactional model.
Integrating Experiential Value of Blog Use into the Expectation-Confirmation Theory Model
Authors: Tang Jeung-tai E. , Chiang Chi-hui
Published: November 2010

In this paper the value of including experiential value in expectation-confirmation theory (ECT) when studying continued use of a weblog (blog) site is investigated. Original models examined cognitive beliefs and effects that influence a person's intention to continue to use an information
system. In this study the ECT model was extended to include the relationship between experiential value and satisfaction and the results indicated that experiential value, satisfaction, and perceived usefulness all contributed significantly to the bloggers' intent to reuse a blog site. Thus,
we believe that the extended ECT model is an appropriate tool for the study of blog continuance effects.
Knowledge transfer via personnel mobility: the effect of Knowledge about the distribution of information
Authors: Pan Lushan , Wang Zhong-Ming
Published: November 2010

The effect of knowledge about the distribution of information on knowledge transfer was examined to understand why some organizations are able to benefit from personnel mobility while others are not. The authors proposed that shared context moderated the effect of knowledge about distributed
information on knowledge transfer, particularly the information pooling process. The hypotheses were tested in an experimental condition (N = 240). As predicted, knowledge of distributed information interacted with shared context to affect knowledge transfer. Two mediated moderation
effects help explain this finding. Shared context moderated the effect of knowledge about distributed information with information pooling, which in turn was positively associated with group performance. Moreover, information sharing partly mediated the interactive effect of knowledge of distributed
information with shared context.
Differentiating Shame and Guilt from a Relational Perspective: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Gao Jun , Wang Aimin , Qian Mingyi
Published: November 2010

In this study we used the self-afflicted versus other-afflicted model to differentiate between shame and guilt among Chinese and American college students. Two scenarios with the same background but a different combination of protagonists were used to test the model. Results showed
that the model was confirmed in the Chinese sample and received certain support in the American sample. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Social Capital, Cooperative Performance, and Future Cooperation Intention Among Recreational Farm Area Owners in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Shu Chun , Tu Chin Jung , Li Ting-Jia , Tsai Bi-Kun
Published: November 2010

In this study we analyzed the relationship between social capital and future cooperation intention of owners of recreational farm areas in Taiwan, and explored whether cooperative performance plays a role as a mediating factor between social capital and future cooperation intention.
We employed structural equation modeling for the research framework, and LISREL was used to analyze the model. The findings indicate that social capital is a crucial factor that affects future cooperation intention, and cooperative performance is a partial mediator between social capital and
future cooperation intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The Mediating Effect of Role Stressors on Market Orientation and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Chang Wei-Lung , Lu Long-Chuan , Su Hung-Jen , Lin Tai An , Chang Kuang-Yu
Published: November 2010

Market orientation, role stressors, and organizational commitment were investigated using a convenience sample of 386 employees of Taiwanese airlines. A questionnaire and structural equation model were used to confirm the hypotheses and provide evidence of reliability and validity is
provided. The test results revealed the influence of customer orientation, competitor orientation, and interfunctional coordination on role ambiguity and role conflict along with organizational commitment. Role ambiguity and role conflict were found to have negative relationships with organizational
commitment and be negative mediators between customer orientation and organizational commitment. These findings give a new perspective on organizational commitment, and provide airline companies with insights into ways to decrease the role stressors of airline employees and increase their
market orientation.
Comments on a Note on Permutation Tests of Significance for Multiple Regression Coefficients by Long, et al.
Authors: Manly Bryan F. J.
Published: November 2010

It is noted that a recent paper in the Journal may give a misleading impression of the robustness of classical regression methods. First, the authors show that p-values based on the randomization distributions of regression coefficients may be quite different from p-values based on t-distributions. However, there is no reason why these two types of p-value should be exactly the same, and p-values based on the randomization distributions of t-statistics are usually similar to p-values obtained from t-distributions. These latter p-values are perfectly valid for the purposes of randomization tests. Second, the authors imply that estimating the standard errors of regression coefficients by randomizing the order of the Y values gives better estimates of standard errors than standard theory. In fact these standard errors based on randomization will tend to be too large unless the regression equation accounts for none of the variation in the Y values.
Correlates, Item-Sequence Invariance, and Test-Retest Reliability of the Beliefs in the Inheritance of Risk Factors for Suicide Scale (BIRFSS)
Authors: Voracek Martin , Loibl Lisa Mariella , Egle Johanna , Schleicher Stefanie , Sonneck Gernot
Published: November 2010

Genetic contributions to suicide are increasingly recognized. This study further validated the novel 22-item Beliefs in the Inheritance of Risk Factors for Suicide Scale (BIRFSS), which assesses individuals' beliefs about the genetics of suicide. Data from 155 mainly Austrian psychology undergraduates (42 men, 113 women) indicated adequate internal scale consistency and 2-mo. test-retest reliability. Scores were temporally stable and factor analysis of items yielded a dominant first factor. Scores were positively related to general beliefs about genetic determinism and to positive attitudes towards psychiatric genetic research (convergent validity), but unrelated to lay theories of suicide, locus of control, self-reported religiosity and political orientation, religious and spiritual beliefs, and social dominance orientation (discriminant validity). Effects of sex, age, and nationality (Austrian vs other) on scores were negligible. Item statistics corresponded strongly to those obtained from administering the item sequence in reverse order. Item statistics were strongly correlated with those observed in two previous validation studies, suggesting cross-sample robustness of the item-performance indicators of this measure. The scale shows potential for basic research and curriculum evaluation.
Orientation Program and Adaptation of University Students
Authors: Dılekmen Mücahıt
Published: November 2010

In this study, the effect of an orientation program on students' adaptation to university life was investigated with 110 students whose ages ranged between 17 and 20 years ( M age = 17.5 yr., SD=.6). 55 students in one group were given a 3-wk. program orienting students about the academic, social, and cultural environment, while 55 students were not. The University Adaptation Scale by Akbalik was given. A significantly higher mean indicated better adaptation by the group in the program but not in the other one. Administration of an orientation program to freshmen may ease their adaptation to university life.
Collegiate Athletic Trainers' Knowledge and Perceptions of Disordered Eating Behaviors in Athletes
Authors: Thompson Amy , Boardley Debra , Yingling Faith , Rocks Joan
Published: November 2010

To assess athletic trainers' perceptions and knowledge regarding disordered eating behaviors and to estimate their confidence in response to a test of knowledge, a cross-sectional mail survey was distributed to a national random sample of 500 athletic trainers from the National Collegiate Athletic Association and National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. 408 collegiate certified athletic trainers responded (rate of 81.6%). A 30-item questionnaire assessed perceptions of disordered eating behaviors within 5 domains. Opinions regarding the prevalence of disordered eating, athletic injury and nutritional status, and their role in recognizing disordered eating were assessed. Most respondents reported perceiving disordered eating to be a significant problem. Also, athletic trainers needed knowledge in all domains of disordered eating.
South Africa (2009) – Salient Contemporary Features in Facts and Figures
Authors: Badenhorst Marthinus S.
Published: November 2010

South Africa is a demographically diverse country where many divisions (still) tend to coincide with racial boundaries, beset by a wide range of socio-economic problems typical of developing countries and otherwise stemming from its colonial past and a discriminatory past policy of apartheid. The paper describes the country's salient features in facts and figures in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of society in terms of demography, education, employment, public health care, poverty, housing, crime and the economy. The picture presented tends to be on the dark side, but also hopeful for the future thanks to inter alia a strong globalised economy.
An Overview of South Africa's Metropolitan Areas – Dualistic, Dynamic and under Threat…
Authors: Huyssteen Elsona van , Meiklejohn Cathy , Coetzee Maria , Goss Helga , Oranje Mark
Published: November 2010

The article explores the threats posed to metropolitan viability and resilience in South Africa which is faced by continued spatial and economic concentration and duality – a trend also evident in a number of Central European countries. Examples are provided of trends and challenges impacting the resilience of South Africa's metropolitan regions, as identified in recent empirical studies conducted by the authors. The paper argues that the agglomeration challenges facing South Africa's metropolitan regions and complications brought about by intra-metropolitan inequality are key aspects underlying the resilience of these regions. The article also suggests that there might be value in greater collaboration in research and knowledge-production and sharing in metropolitan planning, development and governance, between South African metropolitan regions and those in Central European countries.
Telling Stories – A History of Growth Management in the Gauteng Province (South Africa)
Authors: Horn Anele
Published: November 2010

The sprawled nature of major South African cities can be attributed to a variety of reasons. The 1994 (post-apartheid) political shift, however, prompted cities and regions to plan for more equitable and accessible cities. Together with its three metropolitan municipalities, the Gauteng Province proved to be a pioneer in adopting an urban growth management approach (the Gauteng Urban Edge). Against the backdrop of a Provincial Spatial Development Framework, a Provincial Urban Edge was delineated within which local authorities were awarded the opportunity to refine a custom-made growth management strategy. In the absence of clear provincial direction, these strategies achieved various levels of success. This paper explores the urban growth management movement, its approaches and its expressions as witnessed in the case of Gauteng.
Post-Apartheid National Spatial Development Planning in South Africa – A Brief History
Authors: Oranje Mark
Published: November 2010

Since coming to power in 1994 successive ANC-governments have engaged in a series of attempts at national spatial development planning in South Africa. These engagements have received scant treatment in the planning literature. In this paper a broad overview of these initiatives is provided, with an emphasis on the different instruments; the context in which they were developed; the institutions that were proposed and/or created in support of the instruments; and the extent to which the instruments were implemented and what their levels of success were. The paper concludes with a call for comparative research, including South Africa, in this arena.
Poland in the Period of Economic Transition and Germany After Reunification an Attempt at Assessing Σ-Convergence
Authors: Götz Marta
Published: November 2010

In 2009 and 2010 Poland and Germany are celebrating some important anniversaries – 20 years of the first free elections and the fall of the Berlin Wall. These jubilees inspire research aiming at taking stock of developments having unfolded over this time. Since the economic cohesion is high on the EU agenda, examining international and interregional differences seems an important research task. This article aims at evaluating and comparing σ-convergence (diminishing discrepancies of GDP p.c.) in Poland (1995–2005) and Germany (1992–2006) on three NUTS levels. Preliminary results point to inequalities regularly diminishing in Germany, however, growing in Poland. A tentative reasoning suggests that increasing values of regional differences observed in Poland might be a temporary phenomenon.
Adoption of Technology and Regional Convergence in Europe
Authors: Alexiadis Stilianos , Korres George M.
Published: November 2010

This paper examines the pattern of convergence in labour productivity across regions due to their ability to adopt technology. Whether regions exhibit a pattern of convergence depends on the degree to which infrastructure conditions are appropriate for the adoption of technological improvements. The ability of a region to adopt or create technology is reflected in the percentage of its labour force employed in technologically dynamic sectors or, more generally, in the resources devoted to science and technology. A high percentage of labour employed in technologically advanced sectors leads a region to a pattern of convergence. This hypothesis is tested using data for the NUTS-2 regions of the EU-27 during the time period 1995-2006. The results suggest that adoption of technology has a significant and positive effect on regional convergence in Europe. The analysis is also shown to have important implications for the direction of regional policy in Europe. To be more specific, regional policies, in order to enhance regional growth and convergence, should encourage employment in advanced technological sectors.
Closedness type regularity conditions for surjectivity results involving the sum of two maximal monotone operators
Authors: Ioan Boţ Radu , Grad Sorin-Mihai
Published: November 2010

In this note we provide regularity conditions of closedness type which guarantee some surjectivity results concerning the sum of two maximal monotone operators by using representative functions. The first regularity condition we give guarantees the surjectivity of the monotone operator S(· + p) + T(·), where p ɛ X and S and T are maximal monotone operators on the reflexive Banach space X. Then, this is used to obtain sufficient conditions for the surjectivity of S + T and for the situation when 0 belongs to the range of S + T. Several special cases are discussed, some of them delivering interesting byproducts.
Growing occult synchronous adrenal metastasis from rectal cancer after surgery and during adjuvant chemotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Ryu Woo-Sang , Lee Hye-Yoon , Ryu Je-Seock , Um Jun-Won , Min Byung-Wook
Published: November 2010

We report a case of an occult synchronous adrenal metastasis of rectal cancer. A left adrenal mass was found by computed tomography (CT) 6 months after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. This lesion was growing during adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. The level of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and that of adrenal hormones were within the normal range. Radical left adrenalectomy was performed, and histopathological examination revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma compatible with rectal cancer. Adrenal metastasis is not rare in autopsy series. The possibility of adrenal metastasis should be considered in the follow-up of rectal cancer patients. Surgery may be the treatment of choice in occult synchronous metastasis of adrenal gland in rectal cancer.
Determination of Service Areas of Urban Transformer Substations and Distribution Using Geometrical Templates
Authors: Guseva S. , Skobeleva N. , Breners N. , Borscevskis O.
Published: November 2010

Determination of Service Areas of Urban Transformer Substations and Distribution Using Geometrical Templates

In the work, a general and theoretically substantiated approach is proposed for the arrangement and determination of service areas for the future transformer substations (TSs). The modelling of TS service area has been performed, with geometrical templates designed to arrange TSs in the city building territory. The sizes of templates have been obtained depending on the TS capacity and load density in TS service area. The geometrical templates are to help in TS arrangement in view of rational use of the city territory and to re-arrange the existing stations for the reconstruction time. As a result, the urban power supply system will develop not chaotically but in a purposeful manner.
Jiko-Shisen-Kyofu (Fear of One's Own Glance), but not Taijin-Kyofusho (Fear of Interpersonal Relations), is an East Asian Culture-Related Specific Syndrome
Authors: Iwata Yasuhide , Suzuki Katsuaki , Takei Nori , Toulopoulou Timothea , Tsuchiya Kenji J. , Matsumoto Kaori , Takagai Shu , Oshiro Masaya , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Mori Norio
Published: November 2010

Objective: According to the DSM-IV-TR, the concept of taijin-kyofusho (fear of interpersonal relations) is both unique to East Asia and a culture-bound syndrome. In the indigenous diagnostic classification system in Japan, taijin-kyofusho consists of four subtypes, i.e. sekimen-kyofu (phobia of blushing), shubo-kyofu (phobia of a deformed face/body), jiko-shu-kyofu (phobia of one's own foul body odour), and jiko-shisen-kyofu (phobia of one's own glance). Each subtype except for phobia of one's own glance can be adequately assigned to a respective existing category in the DSM-IV-TR. The aim of the study was to introduce clinical features of phobia of one's own glance to western psychiatrists.

Methods: Description of a series of cases with jiko-shisen-kyofu (phobia of one's own glance).

Results: All of our cases shared the unique feature that they suffered from the preoccupation that their own glance was offensive to others, and as a result were socially withdrawn themselves.

Conclusions: To our best knowledge, no cases with a clear picture of phobia of one's own glance have been reported in the West to date. The controversial issue of the classification of phobia of one's own glance as an east Asian culture-related specific syndrome was addressed.
The Art of Writing Good Research Proposals
Authors: Van Ekelenburg Henk
Published: November 2010

Whilst scientists are by default motivated by intellectual challenges linked to the area of their interest rather than have an interest in the financial component related to their work, the reality of today is that funding for their work does not come automatically. More and more governments provide project-related funding rather than multipurpose funding that covers the total annual costs of a research performing entity (such as a university department). So, like it or not, researchers have to present their research ideas and convince funding bodies about the usefulness and importance of their intended research work.

Writing the research proposal is not simply typing words and punctuation. It requires succinctly and clearly chronicling the facts, as well as crafting a convincing line of reasoning for funding the project. For the best result, both the logical, verbal left side of the brain and the intuitive, creative right side of the brain need to work as a team.

This article covers the process of writing a proposal, from research idea to submission to the funding body. The key to good writing is linking the text into a logical project flow. Therefore, in the early stage of writing an RTD proposal, developing the chain of reasoning and creating a flow chart is recommended to get a clear overview of the entire project and to visualise how the many work packages are connected.
State of the Art of Photovoltaic Technologies
Authors: McIntyre Robin A.
Published: November 2010

Our sun is the only sustainable energy source large enough to supply carbonneutral energy to meet humanity's entire energy demand. However, there is a large gap between Europe's solar energy use (less than 1% of the total) and the enormous, untapped potential of the sun. There could be several reasons listed why it is so–social, political, technological–but the fundamental reason is insufficient efficiency of sunlight-to-energy conversion devices manufactured from inexpensive materials thus preventing large scale uptake. Along with thermal and photoelectrochemical sunlight-to-energy conversion, photovoltaics-an approach of converting sunlight directly into electricity–is probably most mature for contributing to the increasing renewable energy use.

This review details the general operating principles of the main types of photovoltaic devices, device efficiencies and the limitations of each technology with due consideration of the commercial requirements and uptake within the global renewable energy sector. There is also a section dedicated to emerging research, particularly within the European academic research base, focussing on overcoming some of the limitations associated with current photovoltaic technology.
The Human Mind: Origin in Geometry
Authors: Abler William L.
Published: November 2010

Within 53 years after the public acceptance of Mendel's laws (in 1900 a , b ), the genetic material was identified and described (by Watson and Crick b , c ). Today, 53 years after the modern era began in the scientific study of language (with Chomsky's Syntactic structures d ), there is no agreement as to whether universal grammar exists, or whether language as such exists at all e , that is, there is no agreement as to which square is square-one. Under the circumstances, a new approach is justified. It is the goal of this paper to place the scientific study of mind, language and brain onto a theoretical basis, beginning with naturally-occurring human language. The human mind has two major components, one with its antecedents in biology and behaviour, the other with its antecedents in geometry. It is the geometric component, consisting of language, tool-use, the mathematical sense, and the sense of truth and falsity, that distinguishes and defines the human being. Thus the constructions of language conform to the commutative, associative and distributive laws, and have their ultimate source in geometry. Equations have a symmetrical deep-structure based on the fact that one side is “equal” to the other: The “equals” symbol represents the axis of symmetry, and functions as a kind of main verb. The deep structure of the ordinary sentence is derived by moving the attachment for the “equals” to one of the branches, generating the asymmetrical Subject–Verb–Object relationship. Tool-use, with its Subject (the tool), Verb (movement of the tool), and Object (the workpiece), and manipulation of mental images, is an extension of the sentence. The sense of truth and falsity shares a common source with the right and wrong answers of arithmetic.

a Iltis, H. (1932) Life of Mendel. G. Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London. 336pp.

b Portugal, F.H. and Cohen, J.S. (1977) A century of DNA. The M.I.T. Press. Cambridge. xii+382 pp.

c Watson, J.D. and Crick, F.H.C. (1953) A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature, 171 (4356), 737–738.

d Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. Mouton and Co., The Hague, 116 pp.

e Evans, N. and Levinson, S.C. (2009) The myth of langage universals: language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(5), 429–492.
The Overlooked Link between Non-Virus Microbes and Cancer
Authors: Wainwright Milton
Published: November 2010

For more than a hundred years every generation of microbiologists has isolated so called “cancer germs” from animal and human tumours and some cancer researchers have claimed that these organisms cause cancer and also that in some cases, vaccines could be developed from them to treat this dreaded disease. Despite this longstanding evidence linking microbes and cancer, today's cancer experts believe that, except in the case of a limited number of virus-cancers, microbes do not play an important causative role in cancer. Here, the evidence linking non-virus microorganisms with cancer is discussed and a plea is made that more research interest and funding be directed towards the cancer germ hypothesis.
Critical Forces: True Critique or Mere Criticism of Deleuze contra Hegel?
Authors: Faucher Kane X.
Published: November 2010

The principal concern of this paper is to track the first wave of criticism directed against Deleuze's relation to Hegelianism as it has appeared in the English-speaking world. To this end, we assess the criticisms offered by Stephen Houlgate, Judith Butler, and Catherine Malabou, each of whom, in their respective ways, accuse Deleuze of misreading Hegel, claiming that his rejection of Hegelianism merely reinforces a secret or unacknowledged Hegelianism inherent in his own critique. Despite the brisk treatment Houlgate grants Deleuze, his charges are by far the most serious, and hence it is to these that much of the discussion is dedicated; but the aim is to show how each of these claims concerning Deleuze's misreading of Hegel themselves involve a misreading of Deleuze.