bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approaching the fill factor Shockley–Queisser limit in stable, dopant-free triple cation perovskite solar cells
Authors: Stolterfoht Martin , Wolff Christian M. , Amir Yohai , Paulke Andreas , Perdigón-Toro Lorena , Caprioglio Pietro , Neher Dieter
Published: May 2017

High fill factor, large area perovskite solar cells are realized with undoped organic transport layers by optimizing the charge carrier transit through PTAA.
Low temperature aqueous phase hydrogenation of the light oxygenate fraction of bio-oil over supported ruthenium catalysts
Authors: Bergem Håkon , Xu Run , Brown Robert C. , Huber George W.
Published: May 2017

Hydroxyacetone undergoes two routes to 1,2 propanediol: (1) a direct hydrogenation route and (2) an acid catalyzed enolization route.
Incorporation of67Zn and68Zn into carbonic anhydrase: effects on isotope enrichment and enzymatic aspects
Authors: Pessôa G. S. , Arruda M. A. Z.
Published: May 2017

An enrichment of carbonic anhydrase (CA) with zinc isotopes (67Zn and68Zn) is carried out to evaluate protein binding with a specific isotope.
Phosphorescence detection of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in environmental water samples by Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Li Dan , Fan Zhefeng
Published: May 2017

A room-temperature phosphorescence sensor was constructed based on MPA-capped Mn-doped ZnS QDs for the detection of MBT in water samples.
Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on a magnetic chitosan-anchored Schiff base: applications in Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki coupling reactions
Authors: Anuradha Anuradha , Kumari Shweta , Layek Samaresh , Pathak Devendra D.
Published: May 2017

A palladium nanocatalyst Fe3O4@CS-SB-Pd has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, FESEM, EDX, TEM, TGA, and ICP-AES analysis.
Electrodeposition of PANI/MWCNT nanocomposite on stainless steel with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction and electro-Fenton process
Authors: Babaei-Sati Rasoul , Basiri Parsa Jalal
Published: May 2017

A more efficient and cost-effective cathode material for in situ electrogeneration of H2O2 and electro-Fenton process is prepared.
Investigation of the protonation state of the macrocyclic {HnP8W48O184} anion by modeling 183W NMR chemical shifts
Authors: Haouas Mohamed , Diab Manal , Moussawi Mhamad Aly , Cadot Emmanuel , Floquet Sébastien , Henry Marc , Taulelle Francis
Published: May 2017

183W NMR chemical shifts of polyoxotungstates are modeled using the PACHA software: a semiempirical approach based on the partial charge formalism.
Boron modified TiO2 nanotubes supported Rh-nanoparticle catalysts for highly efficient hydroformylation of styrene
Authors: Shi Yukun , Hu Xiaojing , Chen Ling , Lu Yang , Zhu Baolin , Zhang Shoumin , Huang Weiping
Published: May 2017

Boron modified TiO2 nanotubes supported Rh-nanoparticle is created as a highly efficient catalyst for hydroformylation of styrene.
Photo-induced characteristic study of the smallest fullerene fragment, 1,6,7,10-tetramethylfluoranthene as an acceptor
Authors: Kanth P. Chandra , Patel Jessica , Chauhan Mihirsinh , Aatif Md. , Sharma Abhishek , Trivedi Maitrayee U. , Tripathi Brijesh , Tiwari Jai Prakash , Gupta Govind , Kumar Manoj , Pandey Manoj Kumar
Published: May 2017

In this study, the use of the novel 1,6,7,10-tetramethylfluoranthene as an acceptor in the organic solar cell has been demonstrated.
Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides targeting protein synthesis
Authors: Graf Michael , Mardirossian Mario , Nguyen Fabian , Seefeldt A. Carolin , Guichard Gilles , Scocchi Marco , Innis C. Axel , Wilson Daniel N.
Published: May 2017

Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) bind within the exit tunnel of the ribosome and inhibit translation elongation. Structures of ribosome-bound PrAMPs reveal the interactions with ribosomal components and could pave the way for the development of novel peptide-based antimicrobial agents.
Edge control of graphene domains grown on hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Chen Lingxiu , Wang Haomin , Tang Shujie , He Li , Wang Hui Shan , Wang Xiujun , Xie Hong , Wu Tianru , Xia Hui , Li Tianxin , Xie Xiaoming
Published: May 2017

The edge control of graphene domains on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is demonstrated by modifying the ratio of working-gases, demonstrating a potential approach to fabricate smooth-edge graphene ribbons on h-BN.
Enzyme-targeted nanoparticles for delivery to ischemic skeletal muscle
Authors: Ungerleider J. L. , Kammeyer J. K. , Braden R. L. , Christman K. L. , Gianneschi N. C.
Published: May 2017

In this study, we show for the first time enzyme-directed assembly of intravenously (IV) delivered nanoparticles in ischemic skeletal muscle, which has applications for drug delivery to damaged muscle of the type prevalent in peripheral artery disease (PAD).
The study of metal-free and palladium-catalysed synthesis of benzochromenes via direct C–H arylation using unactivated aryl benzyl ethers derived from essential oils as raw materials
Authors: Ortiz Villamizar Marlyn C. , Zubkov Fedor I. , Puerto Galvis Carlos E. , Vargas Méndez Leonor Y. , Kouznetsov Vladimir V.
Published: May 2017

The synthesis of 6H-benzo[c]chromenes, from phenol-rich essential oils, was studied through two approaches, establishing the Pd-approach as the most efficient protocol over the metal-free process.
Nitrogen-doped graphene and titanium carbide nanosheet synergistically reinforced epoxy composites as high-performance microwave absorbers
Authors: Qing Yuchang , Nan Hanyi , Luo Fa , Zhou Wancheng
Published: May 2017

The electromagnetic (EM) properties of both nitrogen-doped graphene (N-GP) and Ti3C2 nanosheets as hybrid absorbers were investigated in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz.
Larger or more? Nanoparticle characterisation methods for recognition of dimers
Authors: Mehn D. , Caputo F. , Rösslein M. , Calzolai L. , Saint-Antonin F. , Courant T. , Wick P. , Gilliland D.
Published: May 2017

Larger or more? Our article dissects the problem of understanding the origin of size heterogeneity in polydispersed nanoparticle samples.
Antifouling activities of pristine and nanocomposite chitosan/TiO2/Ag films against freshwater algae
Authors: Natarajan Saravanan , Lakshmi D. Shanthana , Bhuvaneshwari M. , Iswarya V. , Mrudula P. , Chandrasekaran N. , Mukherjee Amitava
Published: May 2017

Adhesion of microalgae or biofouling on submerged artificial surfaces is a universal problem in freshwater environments.
Facile single-step bioconjugation of the antifungal agent caspofungin onto material surfaces via an epoxide plasma polymer interlayer
Authors: Michl Thomas D. , Giles Carla , Cross Alasdair T. , Griesser Hans J. , Coad Bryan R.
Published: May 2017

We report a facile, one-step, aqueous surface bioconjugation approach for producing an antifungal surface coating that prevents the formation of fungal biofilms.
Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater via a Fenton-like process under the catalysis of HNO3-modified coal fly ash
Authors: Wang Nannan , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Aili
Published: May 2017

Organic wastewater can be treated effectively via a heterogeneous Fenton-like process under the catalysis of HNO3-modified coal fly ash.
Significance of the electron-density of molecular fragments on the properties of manganese(iii) β-diketonato complexes: an XPS and DFT study
Authors: Gostynski Roxanne , Conradie Jeanet , Erasmus Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

The group electronegativity of the R-groups of the ligand influences the XPS binding energies and the amount of charge transferred in the Mn 2p3/2photoelectron lines. DFT studies illustrated different Jahn–Teller elongation bond stretch isomers.
Imaging drug uptake by bioorthogonal stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Tipping William J. , Lee Martin , Serrels Alan , Brunton Valerie G. , Hulme Alison N.
Published: May 2017

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy in tandem with bioorthogonal Raman labelling enables intracellular drug concentrations, distribution and therapeutic response to be measured in living cells.
An acid-stable hexaphosphate ester based metal–organic framework and its polymer composite as proton exchange membrane
Authors: Cai Kun , Sun Fuxing , Liang Xiaoqiang , Liu Cong , Zhao Nian , Zou Xiaoqin , Zhu Guangshan
Published: May 2017

A novel hexaphosphate ester-based MOF JUC-200 is obtained by the reaction of phytic acid and Zn(ii), showing excellent water tolerance and acid resistance, and exhibiting a good proton conductivity as well as its composite membrane.
In situ spectroscopic investigation of a Pd local structure over Pd/CeO2 and Pd/MnOx–CeO2 during CO oxidation
Authors: Sasmaz Erdem , Wang Chao , Lance Michael J. , Lauterbach Jochen
Published: May 2017

In situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments were performed to elucidate the effect of the Pd local structure on low temperature CO oxidation activity of Pd/CeO2 and Pd/MnOx–CeO2.
Morphology transformation of self-assembled organic nanomaterials in aqueous solution induced by stimuli-triggered chemical structure changes
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Gao Changyou
Published: May 2017

Morphology transformation of supramolecular assemblies is implemented under “green” triggers, namely pH, light, and CO2, resulting in novel organic nanomaterials with well-defined structures and functions.
Bimetallic (Au–Cu core)@(ceria shell) nanotubes for photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol: improved reactivity by Cu
Authors: Chen Beibei , Li Xiaomin , Zheng Ruijin , Chen Ruiping , Sun Xuan
Published: May 2017

Supported bimetallic AuCu@CeO2 nanocomposites with high Cu-content demonstrate high catalytic activity, selectivity and stability for photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol.
Hierarchically ordered arrays with platinum coated PANI nanowires for highly efficient fuel cell electrodes
Authors: Sun Ruili , Xia Zhangxun , Shang Lei , Fu Xudong , Li Huanqiao , Wang Suli , Sun Gongquan
Published: May 2017

A hierarchically ordered electrode architecture with crystallographically preferential growth of Pt nanowhisker arrays on PANI nanowire arrays demonstrates outstanding ORR and PEMFC performance.
Healable green hydrogen bonded networks for circuit repair, wearable sensor and flexible electronic devices
Authors: Hou Jue , Liu Minsu , Zhang Huacheng , Song Yanlin , Jiang Xuchuan , Yu Aibing , Jiang Lei , Su Bin
Published: May 2017

Green hydrogen bonded networks, which were conductive, healable, reshapable and eco-friendly, were fabricated for circuit repair, wearable sensor and flexible electronic devices.
Ionic conductivity promotion of polymer electrolyte with ionic liquid grafted oxides for all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Sheng Ouwei , Jin Chengbin , Luo Jianmin , Yuan Huadong , Fang Cong , Huang Hui , Gan Yongping , Zhang Jun , Xia Yang , Liang Chu , Zhang Wenkui , Tao Xinyong
Published: May 2017

The solid-state Li–S batteries using N-CNs/S cathode and composite polymer electrolyte added IL@ZrO2can work at the human body temperature of 37 °C.
Templating the 3D structure of conducting polymers with self-assembling peptides
Authors: Blatz T. J. , Fry M. M. , James E. I. , Albin T. J. , Pollard Z. , Kowalczyk T. , Murphy A. R.
Published: May 2017

Polymerization of pre-assembled peptide–thiophene monomers produced electrically conductive gels with fibrous, porous structures.
In situ reduction of silver nanoparticles on hybrid polydopamine–copper phosphate nanoflowers with enhanced antimicrobial activity
Authors: Zhang Mei , Peltier Raoul , Zhang Manman , Lu Haojian , Bian Haidong , Li Yangyang , Xu Zhengtao , Shen Yajing , Sun Hongyan , Wang Zuankai
Published: May 2017

Polydopamine hybrid copper phosphate nanoflowers are synthesized using a biomineralization process. The polydopamine on the nanoflowers can reduce Ag+in situ.
Mechanochromism and electroluminescence in positional isomers of tetraphenylethylene substituted phenanthroimidazoles
Authors: Jadhav Thaksen , Choi Jeong Min , Shinde Jivan , Lee Jun Yeob , Misra Rajneesh
Published: May 2017

Three positional isomers (ortho,meta, andpara) of phenanthroimidazoles3a–3cwere synthesized and positional dependent AIE, mechanochromic and electroluminescence behaviour was explored.
Liquid crystalline phases from polymer functionalized ferri-magnetic Fe3O4nanorods
Authors: Klöckner B. , Daniel P. , Brehmer M. , Tremel W. , Zentel R.
Published: May 2017

LC-phases from ferrimagnetic nanoparticles formed due to their anisotropy of form, and they can be modified using external magnetic fields.
Soluble graphene composite with aggregation-induced emission feature: non-covalent functionalization and application in explosive detection
Authors: Li Peiying , Qu Zhan , Chen Xin , Huo Xiankuan , Zheng Xiucheng , Wang Dingzhong , Yang Weiping , Ji Lingbo , Liu Pu , Xu Xiujuan
Published: May 2017

Herein, a soluble graphene-based material exhibiting the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature was prepared for the first time via wet chemistry by the chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO).
Insight into the effect of ligand-exchange on colloidal CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dot/mesoporous-TiO2 composite-based photodetectors: much faster electron injection
Authors: Zhou Lin , Yu Kai , Yang Fan , Cong Hui , Wang Nan , Zheng Jun , Zuo Yuhua , Li Chuanbo , Cheng Buwen , Wang Qiming
Published: May 2017

Ligand exchange can enhance the rate of electron injection which plays an important role in photoresponse.
Aqueous metal–organic solutions for YSZ thin film inkjet deposition
Authors: Gadea C. , Hanniet Q. , Lesch A. , Marani D. , Jensen S. H. , Esposito V.
Published: May 2017

An aqueous metal–organic solution is designed to deposit YSZ thin films by high precision and reliable inkjet printing.
Vascular endothelial growth factor modified macrophages transdifferentiate into endothelial-like cells and decrease foam cell formation
Authors: Yan Dan , He Yujuan , Dai Jun , Yang Lili , Wang Xiaoyan , Ruan Qiurong
Published: May 2017

Macrophages are largely involved in the whole process of atherosclerosis from an initiation lesion to an advanced lesion. Endothelial disruption is the initial step and macrophage-derived foam cells are the hallmark of atherosclerosis. Promotion of vascular integrity and inhibition of foam cell formation are two important strategies for preventing atherosclerosis. How can we inhibit even the reverse negative role of macrophages in atherosclerosis? The present study was performed to investigate if overexpressing endogenous human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could facilitate transdifferentiation of macrophages into endothelial-like cells (ELCs) and inhibit foam cell formation. We demonstrated that VEGF-modified macrophages which stably overexpressed human VEGF (hVEGF165) displayed a high capability to alter their phenotype and function into ELCs in vitro. Exogenous VEGF could not replace endogenous VEGF to induce the transdifferentiation of macrophages into ELCs in vitro. We further showed that VEGF-modified macrophages significantly decreased cytoplasmic lipid accumulation after treatment with oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). Moreover, down-regulation of CD36 expression in these cells was probably one of the mechanisms of reduction in foam cell formation. Our results provided the in vitro proof of VEGF-modified macrophages as atheroprotective therapeutic cells by both promotion of vascular repair and inhibition of foam cell formation.
The prognostic values of signal transducers activators of transcription family in ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Saisai , Sheng Bo , Zhao Menghuang , Shen Qi , Zhu Haiyan , Zhu Xueqiong
Published: May 2017

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), a family of latent cytoplasmic transcription factors, are composed of seven identified members (STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a, STAT5b, STAT6). STATs are associated with several biological processes such as cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in various cancer types. In addition, the STAT family has been well studied as a prognostic predictor for a considerable number of solid tumors. However, the prognostic value of the STAT family in ovarian cancer patients remains unclear. In our present study, we intend to access the prognostic roles of the STAT family in ovarian carcinoma through the ‘Kaplan–Meier plotter’ (KM plotter) online database, which collected gene expression data and survival information (overall survival (OS)) from a total of 1582 ovarian cancer patients. Our results show that high mRNA expression of STAT1, STAT4, STAT5a, STAT5b, and STAT6, are correlated to a better OS of ovarian cancer patients, especially the high level of STAT1 and STAT4 are significantly related to a favorable OS for serous ovarian cancer patients. We further accessed the prognostic roles of individual STATs in other clinicopathological features, such as pathological grades, clinical stages, and TP53 mutation, and found that these genes indicate a favorable prognosis especially for late stage, poor differentiation, and TP53 mutated ovarian cancer patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that the STAT family plays a significant prognostic role in ovarian carcinoma and individual STATs, except STAT2 and STAT3, may act as favorable prognostic markers in ovarian cancer.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonism attenuates endotoxaemia-induced muscle protein loss and lactate accumulation in rats
Authors: Crossland Hannah , Constantin-Teodosiu Dumitru , Gardiner Sheila M. , Greenhaff Paul L.
Published: May 2017

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi) appears to provide protection against organ dysfunction during endotoxaemia. We examined the potential benefits of Rosi on skeletal muscle protein maintenance and carbohydrate metabolism during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxaemia. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either standard chow (control) or standard chow containing Rosi (8.5 ± 0.1 mg·kg−1·day−1) for 2 weeks before and during 24 h continuous intravenous infusion of LPS (15 μg·kg−1·h−1) or saline. Rosi blunted LPS-induced increases in muscle tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA by 70% (P<0.05) and 64% (P<0.01) respectively. Furthermore, Rosi suppressed the LPS-induced reduction in phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated Forkhead box O (FOXO) 1 protein, as well as the up-regulation of muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1; P<0.01) mRNA and the LPS-induced increase in 20S proteasome activity (P<0.05). Accordingly, LPS reduced the muscle protein:DNA ratio (∼30%, P<0.001), which Rosi offset. Increased muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) mRNA (P<0.001) and muscle lactate accumulation (P<0.001) during endotoxaemia were suppressed by Rosi. Thus, pre-treatment with Rosi reduced muscle cytokine accumulation and blunted muscle protein loss and lactate accumulation during endotoxaemia, and at least in part by reducing activation of molecular events known to increase muscle protein breakdown and mitochondrial pyruvate use.
Validation of the Intelligibility in Context Scale for Jamaican Creole-Speaking Preschoolers
Authors: Washington Karla N. , McDonald Megan M. , McLeod Sharynne , Crowe Kathryn , Devonish Hubert
Published: May 2017

Purpose

To describe validation of the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS; McLeod, Harrison, & McCormack, 2012a) and ICS–Jamaican Creole (ICS-JC; McLeod, Harrison, & McCormack, 2012b) in a sample of typically developing 3- to 6-year-old Jamaicans.

Method

One-hundred and forty-five preschooler–parent dyads participated in the study. Parents completed the 7-item ICS (
n
= 145) and ICS-JC (
n
= 98) to rate children's speech intelligibility (5-point scale) across communication partners (parents, immediate family, extended family, friends, acquaintances, strangers). Preschoolers completed the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP; Dodd, Hua, Crosbie, Holm, & Ozanne, 2006) in English and Jamaican Creole to establish speech-sound competency. For this sample, we examined validity and reliability (interrater, test–rest, internal consistency) evidence using measures of speech-sound production: (a) percentage of consonants correct, (b) percentage of vowels correct, and (c) percentage of phonemes correct.

Results

ICS and ICS-JC ratings showed preschoolers were
always
(5) to
usually
(4) understood across communication partners (ICS,
M
= 4.43; ICS-JC,
M
= 4.50). Both tools demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .91), high interrater, and test–retest reliability. Significant correlations between the two tools and between each measure and language-specific percentage of consonants correct, percentage of vowels correct, and percentage of phonemes correct provided criterion-validity evidence. A positive correlation between the ICS and age further strengthened validity evidence for that measure.

Conclusions

Both tools show promising evidence of reliability and validity in describing functional speech intelligibility for this group of typically developing Jamaican preschoolers.
Low‐dispersive FDTD on hexagon revisited
Authors: Ding Jinchao , Yang Yue
Published: May 2017

A new correctional low‐dispersive finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method based on hexagonal lattices (CH‐FDTD) is introduced. The proposed method adopts scaling factor for the permittivity and permeability, which can generate nearly the exact phase velocity for a single frequency. Compared to the conventional FDTD method based on hexagonal lattices (H‐FDTD) and rectangular lattices (Yee‐FDTD), the numerical dispersion of the new method is significantly reduced.
Technique for Huynen–Euler decomposition
Authors: Dallmann T. , Heberling D.
Published: May 2017

We describe a novel approach to extract Huynen–Euler parameters from a polarimetric scattering matrix. In contrast to existing methods, this technique is able to determine the full set of parameters while requiring the handling of only four special cases via case distinction. Results from a Monte‐Carlo simulation show that the maximum error caused by the decomposition is close to floating point accuracy.
Divergent Protein Synthesis of Bowman–Birk Protease Inhibitors, their Hydrodynamic Behavior and Co-crystallization with α-Chymotrypsin
Authors: Tornøe Christian , Johansson Eva , Wahlund Per-Olof
Published: May 2017

A divergent protein synthesis strategy was executed to effectively synthesize Bowman–Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) analogues using native chemical ligation of peptide hydrazides. Grafting selected residues from a potent trypsin inhibitor, sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1, onto the α-chymotrypsin-binding loop of BBI, resulted in a fourfold improvement of α-chymotrypsin inhibition. The crystal structure of a synthetic BBI analogue co-crystallized with α-chymotrypsin confirmed the correct protein fold and showed a similar overall structure to unmodified BBI in complex with α-chymotrypsin. Dynamic light scattering showed that C-terminal truncation of BBI led to increased self-association.
Glycosyl Stille Cross-Coupling with Anomeric Nucleophiles – A General Solution to a Long-Standing Problem of Stereocontrolled Synthesis of C-Glycosides
Authors: Walczak Maciej , Zhu Feng , Yang Tianyi
Published: May 2017

Aryl C-glycosides are common structural motifs found in bioactive natural products and commercially available drugs. Despite their importance, most chemical methods to prepare C-glycosides have relied on the nucleophilic addition/substitution of a glycosyl electrophile, which result in variable anomeric selectivities and yields. Furthermore, these methods are not compatible with saccharides containing free hydroxyl groups. Here, we describe a direct cross-coupling reaction of anomeric nucleophiles (anomeric stannanes) and aryl halides. This method is the first general approach to the synthesis of aryl C-glycosides resulting in exclusive anomeric selectivities for both anomers for a broad range of aryl and carbohydrate coupling partners (including unprotected saccharides).

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Anomeric Stannanes

3 Glycosyl Stille Cross-Coupling

4 Future Outlook

5 Summary
„Buried Penis“: Aktuelle Übersicht über Ätiologie, Klassifikation und plastisch-chirurgische Rekonstruktion
Authors: Mirastschijski Ursula , Schwenke Carla , Melchior Sebastian , Cedidi Can
Published: May 2017

Im Erwachsenenalter tritt der „versteckte“ Penis, auch Buried Penis genannt, vor allem bei bariatrischen und postbariatrischen Patienten auf. Bei hoch adipösen Patienten invaginiert der Penisschaft in die präpubische Fettschürze mit daraus resultierenden Miktions- und hygienischen Problemen. Infektionen, Hautmazeration, Exzeme und Lichen sclerosus sind die Folge. Ohne Mons pubis Straffung und Penisfixierung reicht eine Zirkumzision allein nicht aus, um die Beschwerden zu lindern, und führt zu einem Rezidiv. Beim postbariatrischen Buried Penis retrahiert der Penisschaft nicht oder nur partiell. Bei deutlich erschlaffter Haut wird das Genitale durch den präpubischen Hautweichteilmantel verdeckt, sodass ebenfalls Probleme bei der Hygiene entstehen. Die chirurgische Therapie beschränkt sich in diesen Fällen entweder auf eine Mons pubis Straffung mit bzw. ohne penile Fixierung. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die Ätiologie, eine neue Klassifikation der unterschiedlichen Formen des Buried Penis und die Stadien-gerechte plastisch-chirurgische Intervention umfassend dargestellt.
Cardiac Etiologies of Hydrops Fetalis
Authors: Yuan Shi-Min
Published: May 2017

Cardiac etiologies of hydrops fetalis have been a topic of concern due to challenging perinatal management. The common cardiac etiologies leading to hydrops fetalis include structural cardiac anomalies, cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiac tumors, cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. The mechanisms of cardiogenic hydrops fetalis may be: 1) elevation of atrial pressure and volume overload, 2) decrease of cardiac output, and 3) development of congestive heart failure. The diagnosis of hydrops fetalis was usually made at 19–36 gestational weeks, when ultrasound is a highly effective diagnostic method. Intrauterine interventions for certain congenital heart defects, maternal transplacental or direct fetal medications and fetal pacing placement for cardiac arrhythmias, and fetal or postnatal tumor resections are important progressions of etiologic treatment for hydrops fetalis. Treatment strategies for hydrops fetalis per se are usually ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis and feto-amniotic shunting, whereas reaccumulation may require further interventions in utero or postnatally. Hydrops fetalis often carries a poor prognosis, and mortality remains high. Current developments in the management of hydrops fetalis should encourage physicians to attempt further fetal interventions.
Plastisch-chirurgische Korrektur des „Buried Penis“
Authors: Boliglowa Dominik , Ryu Seung-Min , Ebrahim Tarek , Menke Henrik
Published: May 2017

Der sogenannte „buried Penis“ ist ein funktionell problematischer und beeinträchtigender Zustand. Diese komplexe Erkrankung war bisher bei stark übergewichtigen Menschen und als Folge schwerer Entzündungen bekannt. Nun leiden auch zunehmend postbariatrische Patienten an dieser Problematik. Bei massiver Gewichtsabnahme bildet sich häufig ein Hautüberschuss in der suprapubischen Region, führt zur Abdeckung und einem „Verschwinden“ des Penis. Die dadurch entstehenden Balanitiden führen zur weiteren Einziehung des Gliedes. Eine normale Penisform und Funktion können bei diesem Zustand durch Abdominoplastik nicht mit einfacher Mons pubis Anhebung, sondern nur durch ein spezielles operatives Vorgehen wiederhergestellt werden. Die chirurgische Therapie des Buried Penis hat 3 Bestandteile: Straffung des suprapubischen Bereiches, Decollement des Penis mit folgender Rekonstruktion der korrekten suprapubischen und penoskrotalen Winkel, sowie spannungsfreie Deckung des Penis. Die Problematik der „Buried Penis“ findet in der Literatur noch wenig Beachtung. Die genaue Inzidenz im postbariatrischen Patientengut ist aufgrund von Scham der Betroffenen und fehlender Kenntnis der Behandler nicht bekannt. Die chirurgische Therapie kann durch interdisziplinären Ansatz zwischen Urologen und plastischen Chirurgen eine erfolgreiche Lösung bringen.
Effect of Different Sampling Schedules on Results of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies: Evaluation by Means of Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Kano Eunice , Chiann Chang , Fukuda Kazuo , Porta Valentina
Published: May 2017

Bioavailability and bioequivalence study is one of the most frequently performed investigations in clinical trials. Bioequivalence testing is based on the assumption that 2 drug products will be therapeutically equivalent when they are equivalent in the rate and extent to which the active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety is absorbed and becomes available at the site of drug action. In recent years there has been a significant growth in published papers that use in silico studies based on mathematical simulations to analyze pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, including bioavailability and bioequivalence aspects. The goal of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of in silico studies as a tool in the planning of bioequivalence, bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic assays, e.g., to determine an appropriate sampling schedule. Monte Carlo simulations were used to define adequate blood sampling schedules for a bioequivalence assay comparing 2 different formulations of cefadroxil oral suspensions. In silico bioequivalence studies comparing different formulation of cefadroxil oral suspensions using various sampling schedules were performed using models. An in vivo study was conducted to confirm in silico results. The results of in silico and in vivo bioequivalence studies demonstrated that schedules with fewer sampling times are as efficient as schedules with larger numbers of sampling times in the assessment of bioequivalence, but only if Tmax is included as a sampling time. It was also concluded that in silico studies are useful tools in the planning of bioequivalence, bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic in vivo assays.
Kommentar zum Beitrag von Dagobert Lindlau: Wiedergelesen: Eduard Zeis, Handbuch der plastischen Chirurgie, Berlin 1838
Authors: Haferkamp Horst
Published: May 2017

Dagobert Lindlau berichtet über das „Handbuch der plastischen Chirurgie“ des Chirurgen Eduard Zeis, das ihm vor über 60 Jahren geschenkt wurde und ihm nach so langer Zeit wieder in die Hände gefallen sei
Strahlen-induzierte Angiosarkome der Brust
Authors: Lehnhardt Marcus , Bohm Jens , Hirsch Tobias , Behr Björn , Daigeler Adrien , Harati Kamran
Published: May 2017

Einleitung Strahlen-induzierte Angiosarkome der Brust sind seltene Sekundärmalignome, die nach adjuvanter Bestrahlung eines Mammakarzinoms mit einer Latenz von Jahren auftreten. Sie wachsen multifokal und neigen häufig zu Lokalrezidiven und stellen somit eine chirurgische Herausforderung dar. Aufgrund ihrer Seltenheit ist es weiterhin ungeklärt, ob ein radikales chirurgisches Vorgehen mit einer verbesserten Prognose einhergeht. Das Ziel der Arbeit war es den prognostischen Wert der chirurgischen Radikalität zu bestimmen.

Patienten und Methoden Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Analyse an 18 Patientinnen, die chirurgisch in unserer Klinik behandelt wurden. Der mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 4,4 Jahre. Die zu untersuchenden Faktoren inklusive Bewertung der chirurgischen Resektionsränder wurden mittels univariater Analysen hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf das lokale rezidivfreie Überleben und das Gesamtüberleben untersucht.

Ergebnisse Das mediane Erkrankungsalter lag bei 66,3 Jahren. Die mediane Latenz zwischen der Bestrahlung und der Erstdiagnose des Angiosarkoms betrug 6,9 Jahre. Die 5-Jahresraten für das rezidivfreie Überleben und das Gesamtüberleben betrugen 25,0% (95%-Konfidenzintervall [KI]: 7,8–47,2) und 53,8% (95%-KI: 26,8–74,8). Die R0-Resektion der Primärläsion war mit einem signifikant besseren rezidivfreien Überleben (P=0,017) als auch Gesamtüberleben (P=0,013) assoziiert. Das gleiche galt für die R0-Resektion der letzten Rezidivläsion (P=0,040) hinsichtlich des Gesamtüberlebens.

Diskussion Das aggressive Wachstum und die ausgeprägte Rezidivneigung strahleninduzierter Angiosarkome erfordern und rechtfertigen ein radikales chirurgisches Vorgehen. Wenn immer möglich, sollte eine R0-Resektion angestrebt werden, um die lokale Kontrolle und das Gesamtüberleben zu verbessern.
A novel endoloop system for closure of colonic mucosal defects through a single-channel colonoscope
Authors: Wang Jiankun , Zhao Lili , Wang Xiang , Liu Li , Wang Min , Fan Zhining
Published: May 2017

Background and study aims Successful closure of the postoperative mucosal defect is crucial for endoscopic treatment. The purse-string suture strategy via a double-channel endoscope has been recommended as being both safe and feasible for large gastrointestinal mucosal defects. However, for colonic treatment, use of a single-channel colonoscope is more popular because of its longer length and greater flexibility. A novel pre-detached endoloop system was therefore developed for endoscopic purse-string suture closure via a single-channel endoscope. This study evaluated its feasibility and efficacy, especially for right colonic mucosal defects.

Patients and methods A total of 18 patients with colonic defects post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were treated using the single-channel endoscope method.

Results All mucosal defects were successfully closed using the novel closure technique.
No severe complications, such as massive intraoperative bleeding, delayed bleeding, peritonitis,
or perforation, were recorded. All patients recovered well after ESD and left the hospital
within 7 days.

Conclusions This novel pre-detached endoloop strategy via a
single-channel endoscope was safe and feasible for the closure of colonic mucosal defects using an endoscopic purse-string suture.
Reference Curve for the Mean Uterine Artery Pulsatility Index in Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Weichert Alexander , Hagen Andreas , Tchirikov Michael , Fuchs Ilka , Henrich Wolfgang , Entezami Michael
Published: May 2017

Introduction Doppler sonography of the uterine artery (UA) is done to monitor pregnancies, because the detected flow patterns are useful to draw inferences about possible disorders of trophoblast invasion. Increased resistance in the UA is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and perinatal mortality. In the absence of standardized figures, the normal ranges of the various available reference curves sometimes differ quite substantially from one another. The causes for this are differences in the flow patterns of the UA depending on the position of the pulsed Doppler gates as well as branching of the UA. Because of the discrepancies between the different reference curves and the practical problems this poses for guideline recommendations, we thought it would be useful to create our own reference curves for Doppler measurements of the UA obtained from a singleton cohort under standardized conditions.

Material and Methods This retrospective cohort study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics of the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Department for Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine of the University Hospital Halle (Saale) and the Center for Prenatal Diagnostics and Human Genetics Kurfürstendamm 199. Available datasets from the three study locations were identified and reference curves were generated using the LMS method. Measured values were correlated with age of gestation, and a cubic model and Box-Cox power transformation (L), the median (M) and the coefficient of variation (S) were used to smooth the curves.

Results 103 720 Doppler examinations of the UA carried out in singleton pregnancies from the 11th week of gestation (10 + 1 GW) were analyzed. The mean pulsatility index (Mean PI) showed a continuous decline over the course of pregnancy, dropping to a plateau of around 0.84 between the 23rd and 27th GW, after which it decreased again.

Conclusion Age of gestation, placental position, position of pulsed Doppler gates and branching of the UA can all change the flow pattern. The mean pulsatility index (Mean PI) showed a continuous decrease over time. There were significant differences between our data and alternative reference curves. A system of classifying Doppler studies and a reference curve adapted to the current technology are urgently required to differentiate better between physiological and pathological findings.
Enhancement of Quercetin Oral Bioavailability by Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System and their Quantification Through Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Ahmad Niyaz , Ahmad Rizwan , Naqvi Atta , Alam Md , Abdur Rub Rehan , Ahmad Farhan
Published: May 2017

Background Quercetin (Qur) and its major in vivo bioactive metabolites i. e., 3′-O-methyl quercetin, 4′-O-methyl quercetin and quercetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide, may be used to treat cerebral ischemia however the poor aqueous solubility and less intestinal absorption of Qur results low bioavailability.

Purpose To improve Qur bioavailability through preparation of nanoformulation and to develop and validate a sensitive quantification method for Qur detection in brain homogenate.

Methods Qur-containing self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (Qur-SNEDDS) was developed to form oil-in-water nanoemulsions in situ. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-synapt mass spectrometric method (UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) was developed and validated for quantification whereas for optimal recovery of analyte, a liquid-liquid extraction method (LLE) was used.

Results A droplet size of 94.63±3.17 nm and zeta potential of −17.91±1.02 mV for nanoemuslion, elution time for Qur and internal standard (IS) Rutin as 1.21 and 1.50 min alongwith a transition at m/z 301.04/151.03 and 609.21/299.21, were observed respectively. Similarly, linear dynamic range (1.00 ng/mL–2 000.0 ng/mL), intra and inter-assay i. e., %CV of 0.26–2.04, lower limit of detection (LOD) 0.08 ng/mL as well as lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) as 0.131 ng/mL were also observed.

Conclusion The developed method have advantage over previous all methods i. e., less time consuming (<3.0), low consumption of solvents (flow rate 0.20 mL/min.) via small size column, more accuracy and specificity as well as use of acetonitrile as compared to hazardous solvents. This certainly adds advantages for green chromatography technique and supports application of current developed method for quantification and evaluation of Qur-SNEDDS.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Limitations of time resources in human relationships determine social structures
Authors: Takano Masanori , Fukuda Ichiro
Published: May 2017

Correction to: Palgrave Communications (2017) 3 Article number: 17014 doi:10.1057/palcomms.2017.14; Published 7 Mar 2017; Updated 24 May 2017 The original article did not include a link or reference to the study’s supplementary information file. The following now appears in the PDF version of the paper:
A novel broadband bi-mode active frequency selective surface
Authors: Xu Yang , Gao Jinsong , Xu Nianxi , Shan Dongzhi , Song Naitao
Published: May 2017

A novel broadband bi-mode active frequency selective surface (AFSS) is presented in this paper. The proposed structure is composed of a periodic array of convoluted square patches and Jerusalem Crosses. According to simulation results, the frequency response of AFSS definitely exhibits a mode switch feature between band-pass and band-stop modes when the diodes stay in ON and OFF states. In order to apply a uniform bias to each PIN diode, an ingenious biasing network based on the extension of Wheatstone bridge is adopted in prototype AFSS. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results. A further physical mechanism of the bi-mode AFSS is shown by contrasting the distribution of electric field on the AFSS patterns for the two working states.
Verification of long wavelength electromagnetic modes with a gyrokinetic-fluid hybrid model in the XGC code
Authors: Hager Robert , Lang Jianying , Chang C. S. , Ku S. , Chen Y. , Parker S. E. , Adams M. F.
Published: May 2017

As an alternative option to kinetic electrons, the gyrokinetic total-f particle-in-cell (PIC) code XGC1 has been extended to the MHD/fluid type electromagnetic regime by combining gyrokinetic PIC ions with massless drift-fluid electrons analogous to Chen and Parker [Phys. Plasmas 8, 441 (2001)]. Two representative long wavelength modes, shear Alfvén waves and resistive tearing modes, are verified in cylindrical and toroidal magnetic field geometries.
A simple model for electrical charge in globular macromolecules and linear polyelectrolytes in solution
Authors: Krishnan M.
Published: May 2017

We present a model for calculating the net and effective electrical charge of globular macromolecules and linear polyelectrolytes such as proteins and DNA, given the concentration of monovalent salt and pH in solution. The calculation is based on a numerical solution of the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation using a finite element discretized continuum approach. The model simultaneously addresses the phenomena of charge regulation and renormalization, both of which underpin the electrostatics of biomolecules in solution. We show that while charge regulation addresses the true electrical charge of a molecule arising from the acid-base equilibria of its ionizable groups, charge renormalization finds relevance in the context of a molecule’s interaction with another charged entity. Writing this electrostatic interaction free energy in terms of a local electrical potential, we obtain an “interaction charge” for the molecule which we demonstrate agrees closely with the “effective charge” discussed in charge renormalization and counterion-condensation theories. The predictions of this model agree well with direct high-precision measurements of effective electrical charge of polyelectrolytes such as nucleic acids and disordered proteins in solution, without tunable parameters. Including the effective interior dielectric constant for compactly folded molecules as a tunable parameter, the model captures measurements of effective charge as well as published trends of pKa shifts in globular proteins. Our results suggest a straightforward general framework to model electrostatics in biomolecules in solution. In offering a platform that directly links theory and experiment, these calculations could foster a systematic understanding of the interrelationship between molecular 3D structure and conformation, electrical charge and electrostatic interactions in solution. The model could find particular relevance in situations where molecular crystal structures are not available or rapid, reliable predictions are desired.
On the error in the nucleus-centered multipolar expansion of molecular electron density and its topology: A direct-space computational study
Authors: Michael J. Robert , Koritsanszky Tibor
Published: May 2017

The convergence of nucleus-centered multipolar expansion of the quantum-chemical electron density (QC-ED), gradient, and Laplacian is investigated in terms of numerical radial functions derived by projecting stockholder atoms onto real spherical harmonics at each center. The partial sums of this exact one-center expansion are compared with the corresponding Hansen-Coppens pseudoatom (HC-PA) formalism [Hansen, N. K. and Coppens, P., “Testing aspherical atom refinements on small-molecule data sets,” Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A 34, 909–921 (1978)] commonly utilized in experimental electron density studies. It is found that the latter model, due to its inadequate radial part, lacks pointwise convergence and fails to reproduce the local topology of the target QC-ED even at a high-order expansion. The significance of the quantitative agreement often found between HC-PA-based (quadrupolar-level) experimental and extended-basis QC-EDs can thus be challenged.
Electrical conduction at domain walls in lead titanate (PbTiO3) single crystals
Authors: Faraji N. , Yan Z. , Seidel J.
Published: May 2017

The nanoscale electrical conduction behaviour of single crystal lead titanate (PbTiO3) is investigated. Piezoresponse force microscopy measurements show 180° ferroelectric domains on the surface of the mm-sized crystals that are electrically switchable with tip voltages of the order of ∼10 V. Electrical conductivity at domain walls in these crystals was observed using conductive atomic force microscopy. Naturally occurring 180° domains exhibit current flow along the delineating domain wall. The domain wall current flow shows Schottky-like rectifying behaviour.
Acoustic spectrometer with minimized background dissipation
Authors: Driaev D. , Iashvili A. , Kankadze L. , Tsakadze S.
Published: May 2017

Apparatus for measurements of internal friction from Q−1∼10−6 and elastic moduli in the kilohertz frequency range in which external friction losses were minimized using a new-type of three-reed tuning fork as a sample under study is described. High sensitivity of the apparatus made it possible to observe a resonance plasticization of diamagnetic LiF crystals under the action of crossed magnetic fields (≈100 μT) in the EPR conditions.
Excited state gradients for a state-specific continuum solvation approach: The vertical excitation model within a Lagrangian TDDFT formulation
Authors: Guido Ciro Achille , Scalmani Giovanni , Mennucci Benedetta , Jacquemin Denis
Published: May 2017

The accurate modeling of the environment response is a fundamental challenge for accurately describing the photophysics and photochemistry of molecules both in solution and in more complex embeddings. When large rearrangements of the electron density occur after an electronic transition, state-specific formulations, such as the vertical excitation model, are necessary to achieve a proper modeling of the processes. Such a state-specific model is fundamental not only to obtain accurate energies, but also to follow the geometrical relaxation accompanying the evolution of the excited-states. This study presents the analytical expression of the gradients of the vertical excitation model approach by a Lagrangian formulation in the time dependent density functional theory framework. Representative organic chromophores in solution are used to test the reliability of the implementation and provide comparisons with the linear response description.
The boomerang effect in electron-hydrogen molecule scattering as determined by time-dependent calculations
Authors: Ben-Asher Anael , Moiseyev Nimrod
Published: May 2017

The appearance of oscillations in the energy-dependent cross sections of the vibrational excitation ν=0→ν≥3 of the hydrogen molecule in its electronic ground state as predicted by Mündel, Berman, and Domcke [Phys. Rev. A 32, 181 (1985)] was confirmed in the electron scattering experiments by Allan [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 18, L451 (1985)]. These unusual structures were obtained in spite of the extremely short lifetime of H2− in its ro-vibrational states. Based on the standard (Hermitian) time-independent scattering calculations, Horáček et al. [Phys. Rev. A 73, 022701 (2006)] associated these oscillations with the boomerang effect. Here, we show the boomerang effect as developed in time, based on our time-dependent nuclear wavepacket (WP) calculations. The nuclear WP dynamics of H2− is determined using the non-Hermitian quantum mechanics (NH-QM) which enables the use of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation with complex potential energy surfaces. This NH-QM approach, which enables us the association of the nuclear WP dynamics as obtained from the complex potential energy curve of H2− with the evolution of cross section in time, can enlighten the dynamics in other scattering experiments.