bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Concern to save Langgar Tinggi Heritage Mosque at Kampung Pekojan
Authors: Achmad Gianoora , Kurniawan Kemas Ridwan
Published: November 2021

Located in Tambora, West Jakarta, Kampung Pekojan has an essential role as a part of historical stories back to the colonialism era in Batavia, now known as Jakarta. As the residential area of Muslim for the Arabs, The Indian, and the indigenous people, Pekojan has six cultural heritage mosques, one of them is Langgar Tinggi. However, the yearly flood event eventually become a problem and it endangered Langgar Tinggi and its surrounding. Using descriptive qualitative methods by collecting data which includes literature studies, interviews with the experts, this paper is expected to provide the necessary information and data about how to handle a flood event around Kampung Pekojan and save Langgar Tinggi mosque as an important cultural heritage and a place that holds history.
Privately Managed Green Open Space and Its Ecological Role in Improving Thermal Comfort of Kesiman Kertalangu Area
Authors: Edhy I G , Siwalatri N K A , Yudantini N M , Suartika Gusti Ayu Made
Published: November 2021

The rapid development of urban areas in general has a negative impact on built environmental. The decrease of green open space is cause by increasing the need of space for human activity. The reduced area of green open space in Denpasar City, especially in private green open space in the Kesiman Kertalangu area, causes environmental quality to decline. Reducing the area of green open space can cause urban problems, such as increasing city air temperatures. Therefore, it is important to know the role of private green open space in residential yards for increasing thermal comfort in the Kesiman Kertalangu area. For this study the method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive case study approach. The aim of this study is to determine the role of private green open space in residential yards in term of thermal comfort. The results show that in residential yards that have relatively large areas of land, the existing private green open space conditions are quite optimal. However, in residential yards that have limited land area, the availability of green open space is very minimal. The existence of private green open space in residential yards at the Kesiman Kertalangu area in general is not able to work optimally in reducing temperatures to create a suitable thermal comfort for the environment.
The Existence of Stilt Houses Post-Disaster
Authors: Hildayanti Andi , Wasilah
Published: November 2021

Stilt houses are one of the architectural identities of the archipelago that are still commonly found in Indonesia. Stilt houses have proven to be sustainable products because they still exist today after going through various natural disasters. This is inseparable from the stilts house building techniques, including the process of finding and determining the form and implementation of adat (philosophy). So, this research aims to show the existence of post-disaster stilt houses which include tsunami disasters in Aceh and Palu. This research is a case study that uses a comparativeanalysis method to show the influence factors of the existence of stilts houses after disaster in Aceh dan Palu. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the stilt houses in Aceh and Palu have stilt buildings that are sturdy and stable in accepting the force load when a disaster occurs. The key of building sturdiness lies on building structures such as connection systems, foundation type, material type, and the buildings proportion. These factors caused the stilts houses to not suffer severe damage, and in some cases did not show any damage to the buildings after being affected by natural disasters.
Riverfront Development - A Public Realm, Its Adaptations, and Environmental Impacts
Authors: Dewi Luh Made Ratih Ratna , Suartika Gusti Ayu Made , Saputra Kadek Edi
Published: November 2021

Sidemen Distrct is one of the tourist attractions in Karangasem Regency. One of the prominent tourist attractions in Sidemen District from the past until now is the natural attractions of Iseh and Tebola as well as the sidemen songket weaving craft centre. Then, in 2010 began to expand tourism with the concept of “river tourism” namely tourism by making the Tukad Unda river as the main attraction. The development of tourism in Sidemen District is increasingly felt by the emergence of various tourism supporting facilities in the river border area. Of course, with the development of the construction of these facilities, it has an impact on the environment in the river border area, especially the spatial function seen from land use. The method used in this research is mapping analysis method with overlay technique. The results of the analysis explain that changes in land use that occur are clearly visible from the year of observation, namely in 2010 before the construction of tourism facilities until 2021. Changes in land use that occur lead to incompatibility with the direction of land use that has been determined. There are several land functions that have changed, including the function of plantation land/moor, and the function of agricultural land/rice fields. Of the two land functions, the one that shows the most changes because it is used for tourism facilities is the plantation/moor function of 5.43%. This percentage of land use change area is evidence that an activity such as tourism can have an influence on land function in an area. If this is left unchecked, it can result in arbitrary land use and not in accordance with the direction of the land function designation that has been stipulated in the spatial planning rules.
Carrying Capacity of Land in Bali based on Ecological Footprint
Authors: Bayu Baskhara Hutama A A B , Muktiwibowo A K , Widiastuti  , Saputra K E
Published: November 2021

In 2000-2010, based on data from the Population Census in Bali, the average population growth rate was 2.15% per year, this value was greater than the average population growth rate at the national level of 1.49% per year. The increasing number of population growth results in increased development. This causes an increase in the need for land to accommodate these development activities. The reduced availability of productive land because it is used for development facilities has resulted in reduced land carrying capacity in Bali. The purpose of this study was to analyze the value of the carrying capacity of land in Bali using the Ecological Footprint analysis approach. The research methodology is quantitative focusing on secondary data analysis, based on the mathematical calculation method developed by the Global Footprint Network, which has the term biocapacity which means supply and ecological footprint which means demand. After comparing biocapacity and ecological footprint, the results show that the carrying capacity of land in Bali is generally in deficit. Things that can be done to increase the carrying capacity of land are to reduce the rate of population growth, increase land productivity by intensifying agricultural land, and be wiser in carrying out land conversion in the future.
Polimorphic Explore of Esr1, Esr2 and Foxl2 Genes and Interaction Effect of Esri and Foxl2 with Productive Traits of Brown Local Iraqi Chickens
Authors: Abu-Rekaiba Raed Ibraheem A. , Razuki W. M. , Al-Anbari E. H.
Published: November 2021

The estrogen receptor 1(ESR1) and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) plays a crucial role in the growth and development of follicles and ovulation in chickens. Fork-head box L2 (FOX L2) gene and its protein is active in several tissues, such as the ovaries, it has a pivotal role in ovarian development and function, like regulation of egg formation in poultry. This study aimed to detect the polymorphism of ESR1, ESR2 and, FOXL2 genes and investigate interaction between ESR1 and FOXL2 in the productive performance of brown local Iraqi chickens (BLIC). A total of 104 BLIC, at 17 weeks of age. Four novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Every polymorphism a number had been given according to its location within gene, one of them in ESR1 (T57198C) intron 3 with three genotypes: Wild(TT), Heterozygous(TC),and Homozygous(CC), and two SNPs within ESR2 were assessed, one of the identified SNPsT39565C transition located within intron 7 with two alleles(T and C)and three genotypes were found: Wild(TT), Heterozygous(TC),and Homozygous(CC), another SNPG40100A transition within (3 prime UTR), with two alleles (G and A)and three genotypes were found: Wild(GG), Heterozygous(GA)and Homozygous(AA) and the SNP in FOXL2 (C919T) gene with two genotypes: Wild(CC) and Heterozygous(CT) within encoding region were identified through PCR-DNA sequencing. An interaction between the ESR1 and FOXL2 genes has been proposed, and six haplotypes (H1=TTCC, H2=TTCT, H3=TCCC, H4=TCCT, H5=CCCC, H6=CCCT) were obtained due to interaction between these two SNPs. Chi-square analysis showed no significant in genotypic and allelic frequencies for each SNP which revealed those genes were agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Association analysis of haplotypes with production traits revealed that individuals have H4 genotype achieved higher body weight at sexual maturity, at 60 weeks of age and egg weight at 45 and 60 weeks of age, whereas, the higher number of eggs were exhibited to individual with H6 from onset egg till 60 weeks of age. The two genotypes; TCCT and CCCT showed better combination than others with respect to production performance. In conclusion, our findings provided new evidence that the two SNPs (ESR1 and FOXLl2) with special interaction may have potential effects on productive traits of chickens and beneficial effects in laying breeding programs.
The Efficiency of The Tree Crown in The Expression of Growth For Pinus Brutia Ten Trees Growing in Atrush Region Northern Iraq
Authors: Al-Ali Mohammad Asim Saeed , Al-Hamdani Mutaz Sharif Omar
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted on Pinus brutia Ten. trees growing in Atrosh region northern Iraq, which are natural forests of different age. We have taken different measurements of (200) trees to estimate the growth efficiency in both basal area and volume depending on crown projection area of the tree as independent variable. Several linear and nonlinear equations have been obtained through which we can estimate growth and know the role of each of these elements in growth efficiency. For Crown efficiency depending on the basal area (CEBg) denoting the crown projection area (CPA) the nonlinear equation {CEBg=-0.9996+(CPA)-000009851} was chosen, as R2 (72.52) and SE (0.00002 ) and D-W (1.87). We also found The efficiency of the crown depending on the growth of base area (CEBg) denoting the of the crown projection area (CPA) and the height of the tree (H). Also the nonlinear equation was chosen depending on the scales used {CEBg=-1.99964+(CPA)-000009904 +(H)000001599} was the value of R2 (75.77), SE (0.00002) and D-W (1.81).For Crown efficiency depending on the growth in volume (CEVg) in terms of Crown projection area (CPA) the nonlinear equation{CEVg=-0.998015+(CPA)-0 0004362} was chosen as R2(70.11) and standard error SE (0.0001) ) and D-W (1.53), we also found Crown efficiency depending on the growth in volume depending on crown projection area and the height of the tree, the nonlinear equation{CEVg=- 1.9992+(CPA)-0 0005513+(H)00007631} was chosen which the value of R2 (69.44), SE (0.0001) and D-W ( 1.55 ).
Estimate of The Dynamical Change of Air TemperAture, Relative Humidity and Dew Point TemperaTure for Some Selected Station in Iraq
Authors: Nassif Wedyan G. , Jaber Sundus H. , Naif Salwa S. , Al-Taai Osama T.
Published: November 2021

Relative humidity can be inferred from the dew point values. When the air temperature and dew point temperatures are very close, the air has high relative humidity. The converse is true when there is a large difference between the air temperature and the dew point temperature, indicating the presence of low humidity air. To understand the expected changes in the climatic elements in the atmosphere, changes in temperature behavior, dew point, and relative humidity have been studied This study used data obtained from the European Center (ECMWF), which includes monthly and annual mean temperatures, dew, and relative humidity during the period (1988-2018) for selected stations in Iraq. The highest values of temperature and dew were recorded in July and August, and they were accompanied by a decrease in relative humidity. The highest value of relative humidity was recorded in December and January, accompanied by a decrease in temperature and dew, as we note through the results that there is an inverse relationship between relative humidity, temperature, and dew point Relative humidity changes when the temperature rises or falls, and the relative humidity may be higher in the morning when the temperature drops. The lowest amount of relative humidity during the day is when the temperature rises, the highest temperature value was recorded on 21July 2017 (12:00 PM) for Basra Station, while the highest relative value is humidity in Basra Governorate. Mosul station on January 21, 2014 (12:00 AM), and the reason is due to meteorological factors and the nature of the geographical area.
GC-MS Analysis of Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica Papaya L.)
Authors: Al-Seadi Hussein Lafta , Sabti Manal Zibari , Taain Dhia Ahmad
Published: November 2021

The current study aimed to determine the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract of two papaya varieties grown in southern Iraq. The phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extract of papaya leaves were identified using the GC-MS detection system. The results showed the presence of more than thirty phytochemicals in the ethanolic extract of papaya leaves. The main phytochemicals present in papaya leaf extract in terms of their relative abundance are Oleic Acid, Tocopherol, Sitosterol, Neophytadiene, Butyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen, Dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester), Campesterol, Squalene, Octadecenoic acid, Stigmasterol and D-Limonene. The present study revealed that the papaya leaf extract was composed of a variety of metabolites and therapeutic active substances, in addition to novel substances. These substances can be isolated and evaluated experimentally to confirm their biological and medicinal activities as well as verify their mechanism of action.
Effect of Some Planting Depths on Wheat Characteristics for Two Varieties (Iba'a 99 and Alnoor)
Authors: Imran Alaamer Shathar A. , Alwan Al Sharifi Salih K.
Published: November 2021

The impact of sowing depth in planting machine (Nordsten type) on wheat varieties (VW-Iba’a 99 and VW-Alnoor ) were tested during planting machine at three sowing depths of SD-5.4, 7, and 8.6 cm. The experiments were conducted in a factorial experiment under a complete randomized design with three replications. The wheat cultivar (VW-Iba’a 99) was meaningfully better than (VW-Alnoor ) in all studied parameters. For (VW-Iba’a 99), the germination ratio, length plant, plant vigor index, root length, root fresh weight, root plant dry, and grain yield, were 90.369%, 68.04cm, 57.14%, 17.09 cm, 1.42 g, 0.54g, and 4.441 tha-1, respectively. The sowing depth (SD -5.4cm) was significantly better than (SD-7 and 8.6cm ) in all studied parameters. The greatest assessments have come from the overlap among the SD -5.4cm, and VW_Iba’a 99.
Effect of Machine Clearance and Maize Moisture Contents on Mechanical Parameters For Local Shelling Machine
Authors: Alwan Alsharifi Salih K. , Ghali Aleawi A , Nayyef Hussein R.
Published: November 2021

The impact of local thresher machine on maize Syn12 cultivar was tested at two CL - 0.5, and 0.7 mm at three ranges of MOI - 16%, 18%, and 21%. The experiments were conducted in a factorial experiment under a complete randomized design with three replications. The CL- 0.7 mm was significantly more than CL -0.5 mm in all studied parameters. While the corn grain moisture content at a range of 16% was significantly superior compared to the other ranges (18 and 21%) in all parameters. For the CL -0.7mm and MOI 16%, the PP,PR,TE,BR,PCG,WG
and GC
were 1.566 t.hr-1and 1.715 t.hr-1, 9.155 Kw and 9.028 Kw, 86.009% and 89.587%; 3.228% and 3.064%;2.184% and 2.013; 81.14% and 81.69%and 90.743% and 91.587%, respectively.
Response of Celosia Argentea (Plumosa) to Spraying With Growth Regulars (ABA and GA3)
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Kareema Abed I. , Al-Bayati Mateen Yilmaz I.
Published: November 2021

The experiment was carried out in lath house, College of Agriculture/University of Kirkuk for the agricultural on 15-3-2021. The concentrations of Abscisic acid (ABA) were (0, 10, 20, 40) mg.l-1, Gibberellin (GA3) were (0, 50, 100, 200) mg.l-1. Results showed that Spraying with a concentration of 40 mg.L-1 of ABA and a concentration of 100 mg.L-1 of GA3 gave a significant increase in most of the vegetative and flowering characteristics, as it was superior in plant height, number of plant branches, leaf area, chlorophyll percentage, wet and dry weight. As for the characteristics of flower growth, it was significantly superior in number of flowers, flower diameter, vase life, number of flowering branches, wet and dry weight of flowers.
Effect of Supplementing Alcoholic and Aqueous Extract of Khalal and Seedless Date and Date Seed Khalal AL-Zahdi Date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) to Drinking Water on Some Physiological and Microbial Traits of Broiler Reared Under High Temperature
Authors: Jasim Mohammed Rasool Mahdi , Ibrahim Dhia Kalil
Published: November 2021

This research aims to effect of supplementing alcoholic and aqueous extract of khalal and seedless date and date seed khalal AL-Zahdi date(Phoenix dactylifera L.)to drinking water on some of the physiological, histological and microbial traits of broilers reared under high temperature, As the study included the use of 300 chicks of one day age and with an average weight of 41 g, the unsexed rose strain, and it was distributed to five treatments, where one treatment contained 60 chicks, with three replicates for each treatment (20 chicks/replicates ) for a period of 6 weeks, the birds were exposed to temperatures at an average of (28-36 -30 ± 2 ° C) and the degree of humidity at an average of (40-60-50 ± 2%) for the times (700-1200-1900). The chicks were distributed randomly into five treatments as follows: - The first treatment (T1), the control treatment, without any addition to drinking water, the second treatment (T2) and the third (T3), adding 300 mg/liter of water from the aqueous and alcoholic extract for Al-Zahdi khalal, respectively and the fourth treatment (T4) and the fifth (T5) adding 300 mg/liter of water from aqueous and alcoholic extract for the Al-Zahdi khalal seed, respectively. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant improvement in the weekly body temperature, a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes and a significant decrease in the number of heterophill cells and the percentage of heterophill cells to lymphocytes (H/L) for all addition factors compared to With control treatment, As well as a significant increase in the concentration of total protein in blood serum and all oxidative enzymes in blood serum, noting that a significant decrease occurred in the concentration of both glucose and cholesterol at the age of 21 days and the AST enzyme and ALT enzyme at the age of 42 days. The preference was in favor of T3 and T5, as was the significant increase in all the studied histological traits. Also, there was a significant decrease in the number of E. Coli bacteria in the ileum area only, and a significant increase in the number of Lactobacilli bacteria in the jejunum and ileum regions. We conclude from the study that the use of these extracts contributed to the improvement of the studied physiological, histological and microbial characteristics of broilers reared at high temperatures, noting that T3 and T5 recorded the best results for all the studied traits.
Recovery of Cold Impacted Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Bacteria in Ground Beef
Authors: Ahmaed Asmaa Sabah , Mohammed Zinah Basim , Mousa Ebtisam F. , Allawi Saeed Sahib
Published: November 2021

Escherichia coli in fresh minced meat was injured by cooling at 4 °C. A bacterial population has three different physiology which are uninjured or normal cells, sublethally injured cells (or injured cells ), and lethally injured cells (or dead cells). Cell injury is defined as any damage to the components of cells themselves by any stresses which weaken the ability of cells to survive or multiply. This will increase the sensitivity of cells to any harmful factors. The cells can repair their injury which can be extended 48hour depending on the nature of stress and degree of injury. The purpose of this study was to: supplemented some cultural media and preparation new cultural media to isolated E.coli with compounds that supplemented the bacterial growth such as yeast extract, sodium pyruvate, n-propyl gallate, catalase, and Tween. Various concentrations of the compound were tested minced beef meat with mixed it and compared with traditional media. The rest of the compound had variable effects on the recovery of cold stressed cells but they weren’t as efficient as needed. It is, therefore recommended that 0.5% of both catalase and tween 80 be used to supplement tryptic soy agar (TSA) in the repair detection procedure.
Effect of Polyphenolic Compounds of Rosa Canina (L.) Against The Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Rhopalosiphum Padi (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Benslama O , Mansouri N , Arhab R
Published: November 2021

Rhopalosiphum padi(L.) is among the most aggressive cereal pests worldwide. The pest causes economically heavy crop loss. Chemical insecticides were used for the control of multiple insects. However, the harmful consequences of these chemical products are well known. Seeking more ecological alternatives, respect to the environment is, therefore, a necessity. The phytochemicals are known for their various biological activities of pharmaceutical and agri-food interest. Several plant species have been found to have effective bioinsecticide properties against a variety of insects. In this study, the plantRosa canina(L.) has made the objective of an in-silico research using molecular docking by screening the inhibitory potential of its polyphenolic compounds against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ofR. padi(L.). The enzyme 3D structure was first modeled, then its stereochemical quality was validated. The result of molecular docking allowed the selection of seven phytocompounds (Ellagic acid, Dihydroquercetin, Bilobalide A, Luteolin 5-methyl ether, Rosmarinic acid, Kaempferol, and Quercetin) with binding energy lower than that of the commercial insecticide Malathion. These components showed intense links with the catalytic site key residues of the enzyme, indicating their high inhibitor potential. The environmental and health safety of these components and their bio-availability were also validated by the verification of several pharmacokinetic and ADMET criteria, suggesting the interest of the plantR. canina(L.) as promising bioinsecticide material against the pestR. padi(L.).
Heterosis and Genetic Diversity of Yield and Its Some Components in F1of Sunflower Inbred Lines
Authors: Musa Zainab Mofak , Abbas Saddam Hussein , Kadhim Hamzah Mohsin
Published: November 2021

Fall season 2020, six inbred lines of sunflower were crossed by half-diallel crosses to obtain 15 single hybrids. The genotypes (parents and first-generation hybrids -F1) were planted in randomized comlete block design (RCBD) with three replications in a field/Babylon Governorate during the spring season 2021. The study aimed to estimate Heterosis of the first generation hybrids from the mean of the parents for the traits; stem diameter, head diameter, number of seeds per head, weight of 100 seeds, seed yield and oil yield per plant. Furthermore, estimation of genetic distance among genotypes using cluster analysis. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences at the probability level (0.01) for all the studied traits of the parents and the first generation hybrids. The two hybrids (I×Q) and (Q×C) were distinguished a high significant positive heterosis for most of the traits measured. The cluster analysis showed that the two genotypes that include hybrids (Q×C) and (Q×F) had the highest Euclidean distance (175.92 and 183.66) respectively. This indicated to high degree of genetic diversity between the two hybrids and the rest of the studied hybrids, which it positively reflected on the performance of the hybrids for the studied traits. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Dendrogram showed that (Q) genotype was far from the rest of the genotypes and isolated to a single group, whereas the remaining genotypes separated into groups to two separed branches, especially the two genotypes (C( and )Q). The reason may be due to the distinguish genetic difference of these interested genotypes which have the ablility to transfer from parents to the its progenies, which resulted from a presence of the clear genetic distance between them, while, other genotypes lacks the of this genetic variation case.
Efficacy of Two Predatory Coccinellid Specie Feeding on Different Desities of Bemisia Tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) Nymphs in The Laboratory
Authors: Jawad Dhurgham Sahib , Rashid Yousif Dakheel , Hamzah Abbas Ghanim
Published: November 2021

Aseries of experiments were conducted laborators of biollogical control in the postgraduate laboratory at the Al-Mussaib Technical College, AL-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University-Iraq in 2020, The larval and adult phase ofHippodamia variegateandCoccinella Septempunctata.Lwere reard on different densities ofBemisia tabacinymphs to reveae theis predation and the effect on this longevity too: The average number of predation whitefly nymphs per day from each age larvae and adults of the thirteen-spoted ladybird H. variegate and the seven- spoted ladybirdC. Septempunctata.L was in direct proportion to the increase in the density of the whitefly nymphs supplied for it daily, The highest average of thirteen point ladybird larvae was (48.60) at density (64) nymphs/whitefly at the first larval phase. While the lowest rate of first-stage larvae was (6.40) at density (2) nymphs/whitefly for the same larval phase, while the highest average of fourth-stage larvae was (131.20) at density (64) nymphs/whitefly. While the lowest average of the fourth larvae phase was (39.20) at density (8) nymphs/whitefly, As for the seven- spoted ladybird, the highest average of first-phase larvae reached (53.80) at density (64) nymphs/whitefly, while the lowest average of first-phase larvae reached (5.40) at density (2) nymphs/whitefly for the same larval phase. While the highest average of fourth phase larvae was (160.40) at density (64) nymph/whitefly, while the lowest average of fourth phase larvae was (46.00) at density (4) nymph/whitefly. The number of whitefly nymphs preyed by the thirteen- spoted ladybirdH. variegateis less than the number of whitefly nymphs preyed by the seven- spoted ladybirdC. Septempunctata. L. The daily average of predation for male predation ladybirds understudy for whitefly nymphs is less than the daily average for females with significant differences.
Effects of Crude Protein Degradability on Some Blood Parameters of Ruminants
Authors: Ani Jamal Abdul Rahman Tawfeeq Al , Al-Wazeer Anmar A , Kareem Ali Noori , Shaker Rasha Mohamed
Published: November 2021

The experiment was investigated the effects of degradability crude protein on some blood parameters of ruminants, two experiments were conducted for three sources dietary crude protein: Soya, whey protein and urea. First experiment, soya was replaced with whey protein, while second experiment, soya was replaced with urea. Fifteen male lambs were used for each experiment and randomly distributed to five treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Concentrated was fed at 3% of body weight as DM basis, while alfalfa was fed ad-libitum. Jugular blood was sampled from lambs after 90 days of experiment before feeding morning. Results of replacing soya with whey protein showed decreased blood protein and cholesterol, while, blood urea was increased and blood glucose had a linear increase with increasing whey protein intake, 45.75, 48.5, 52.5, 66.0 and 89.75 mg/dl for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. In second experiment, the results of replacing soya with urea showed decreased blood glucose and cholesterol for 2% urea in contrast with control, while blood urea was increased for 2% urea 36.11 mg/dl in contrast with 22.73mg/dl for control. In concluded, feeding high soluble crude proteins, decreased cholesterol and increased blood urea nitrogen.
Effect of Planting Distance and Humic Acid on Growth, Yield and Antioxidant Activity of Safflower Petals and Seeds
Authors: Al-Nafei Hanan A.k. , Al-Mohammad Maher H.S.
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was carried out at winter season of 2020-2021 in Babylon Governorate, region of Bernon, at 8 km north-east of Hilla town between 44.27 ° north and 36.32 ° east latitude, to study the effect of planting distance and Humic acid on growth, yield and antioxidant activity of petals and seeds of the safflower, the treatments were distributed in a factorial experiment with randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replicates, the first factor was the distance between plants (10, 15 and 20 cm) and second was spraying Humic acid at concentrations (0, 125, 250 and 500 mg.l-1), data were collected and means were tested according to least significant difference test (LSD) at probability level 0.05.

The results showed superiority significant of planting distance at 20 cm and spraying humic acid at concentration 500 mg.L-1 on growth and yield parameters, while plants distance at 10 cm excelled on plant height and content of petals and seeds of antioxidant activities. The results showed superiority significant at interaction treat 20 cm × 500 mg.L-1, it produced the highest rates in most considered qualities and yield of dry petals and seed yields were 79.658 and 2197.5 kg. ha-1, while interference treat 10 cm x 500 mg.L-1 produced the highest means on total phenolic compounds and total oxidative activity and scavenging free radicals reached 41.47, 212.7, 58.07, 38.72 and 33.59 mg.g-1 DW, 67.7 and 47.0% in petals and seeds respectively.
Genotoxic Effects of Lead and Cadmium on DNA of Some Fuel Stations Workers Blood in Hilla City
Authors: Khadairi Maher Mohammed , Almamoori Anas M. , Al-Janabi Amerah I. H. , Al-amari M. j. y.
Published: November 2021

The study included the genotoxic effects of lead and cadmium on DNA damage of 60 workers of some fuel stations in Hilla city. The results revealed a significant differences (P<0.05) of lead and cadmium, the concentrations of Pb+2 in blood of control (mean ±SD) was 6.3±0.41 μg/dl while in blood of workers who exposed to fuel for one year, three years and five years were significantly increased and reached (15.5±2.46, 27.4±11.6 and 44.5±17.8) μg/dl respectively. Cadmium concentrations in blood of control was nil while in workers were significantly increased (5±0.72, 12.2±2.6 and 15.3±4.21) μg/dl respectively. Damage criteria was increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) with time of exposure to fuel in comparison with control.
Nutritional Value and Quality Standard of Popcorn Cooked by Microwave and Conventional Heating
Authors: Abdullah Seerwan A.
Published: November 2021

The objectives of this study were to examine microwave oven (MO) and entails conventional heating (CH) under normal condition and difference times to produce popped of popcorn in some parameters of expansion popping volume, un-popped kernels and flake size, as well as the preservation of nutritional value and sensory tests of two types of popcorn (A and B), which were bought from local market and used. The results obtained that the size/shape of samples A and B were 6.31 mm3 (Medium Round (MR)) and 5.95 mm3 (Medium Flat (MF)), respectively. The highest significant of expansion volume was recorded in sample (A) under cooked by (MO) after 4 min (16.55 cm3/g) whereas, sample (B) under cooked by (CH) after six minutes (7.19 cm/g) was recorded lowest expansion volume. The flake size values of both samples (A) and (B) after (MO) were ranged between 1.88-2.18 and 1.72-1.98. The percentage of un-popped kernel was dramatically decreased from 30.67 to 1.67% and 38.67 to 1.66 % by (MO) and 10 to 1% and 7 to 1% by (CH) with increased time from 4 to 6 min of popping in both samples. Otherwise, the highest variation value of carbohydrate, oil and protein were observed (2.72, 1.51 and 0.33) respectively, in sample (A) under (CH) after 6 min, while the lowest variation value of carbohydrate was recorded (0.12,) in sample B under cooked by (MO) after four minutes, as well as the lowest variation values of oil and proteins were investigated (0.15 and 0.03) in sample (A) under cooked by (MO) after 4 min. Regarding the minerals (Fe and Zn) were slightly decreased with increased time of popping. Hence the highest values for each parameters of tenderness, crispiness, adhesives and overall acceptance were observed (8.33, 8.33, 9.0 and 8.55), respectively, in sample (A) by used (MO) for 5 min.
The Tomato Borer Tuta Absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gelechidae) Invading The Region of Ouargla (Desert of Algeria): Biology and Damage
Authors: Rekia CHENNOUF , Hayat SAGGOU , Keltoum BENBRAHIM , Cherifa LAMRANI , Karima BRAHMI
Published: November 2021

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is an invasive pest of tomato native to South America, where it is responsible for extensive damage. The study of this bioaggressor under greenhouse tomato in the region of Ouargla by pheromone traps showed that the global dynamics of populations T. absoluta 5 shows the difference in successive generations of six months is the growth cycle of tomato. There were a maximum of 1922 individuals in the three greenhouses studied. The life cycle of T. absoluta in tomato plants (T: 34 ° C H%: 50 - 60%) lasts 23.85 days. This pest has caused losses of up to 100% in leaves and fruits of tomato in February. Observation and direct capture to identify the natural enemies of T. absoluta as Chrysoperla carnea Coccinella algerica. and the parasitoid Trichogramma sp. Damage is directly related to the reduction of plants photosynthetic capacity and of production levels in tomato crops; indirect damage can be also caused by secondary infections, with pathogens developing on the infested plant and fruit tissues.
Effect of Spraying With Cal-Boron and Potassium Humate and Maturity Stage on Fruit Quantity, Quality Characteristics of Apricot Prunus Armeniaca L. cv. "Royal"
Authors: Lateef Mohammed Abdul Aziz , Fadhil Nameer N. , Mohammed Bahram Kh.
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted on apricot trees Royal cultivar 9 years old in a private field located northern Kirkuk city - Iraq during The period 2020-2021, to study the spraying whit Cal-boron and potassium humate on fruit quantity, quality characteristics of apricot with three levels of Cal-boron (0, 1and 2) ml.L-1and three levels of potassium Humate (0, 3 and 6) g.L-1. In addition to the control treatment (untreated plants). Combination of 2 ml.L-1Cal-boron and 3 g.L-1of Potassium humate excelled on leaf area Leaves content of chlorophyll, Vitamin C, and T.S.S. parameter compared with treatment with distilled water (control). A Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used to implement the experiment, with three replications.
Effect of Humic and Salicylic Acids Foliar Application in The Chemical Content of Papaya Seedlings
Authors: Al-Abadi Muhammad Hadi Ali , Al-hayany Ali Muhammad Abd
Published: November 2021

The experiment was carried out on Papaya seedlings (2 months old) to determine the effect of humic acid (HA) and Salicylic acid (SA) on seedlings growth under local environmental conditions of in a private orchard in Diyala governorate. Humic acid (HA) sprayed at 4 concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 3%), whereas Salicylic acid (SA) was used at three concentrations (0, 200 and 400 mg.L-1). The results showed that spraying with the high concentrations of both acids gave the best results in most studied traits, in addition these treatments decreased significantly leaves proline content.
Improving Low-Fat Soft Cheese Quality Properties Made From Reconstituted Skim Milk By Using Whey Protein Concentrate as A fat Replacer
Authors: Ai-Bedrani Dhia Ibrahim Jerro , Hasan Sakena Taha , Altaee Abdali Alwan , Alqotbi Ali Ahmed
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of using whey protein concentrate (WPC) as a fat replacer and its role in improving the physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties of low-fat soft cheese by adding four different ratios of (WPC) as (1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5) % to reconstituted bovine skim milk in four treatments (W2, W3, W4, W5)respectively, besides control cheese treatment (W1)which was made of whole bovine milk. The chemical tests included the percentage of moisture, protein, fat, lactose, and ash. The physical tests included the percentage of total acidity, pH, springiness, and compression ability besides cheese yield percentage, total energy, and sensory evaluation after cheese making and throughout the 14 days of storage time at (5±1)°C. Results showed that all (WPC) treatments have high moisture percentage compared to the control treatment, though all the treatments had a decrease in moisture values with storage. Results also showed a decrease in fat content for all the skim milk treatments with (WPC) addition. Lactose percentages were converged in all treatments. The results also showed an increase in total acidity and a decrease in pH for the (WPC) addition treatments. Microbiological results showed increased total count for the (WPC) addition treatments compared with the control. Furthermore, the results showed that adding (WPC) led to improving the springiness and compression ability and increased the cheese yield. On the other hand, it decreased the cheese energy compared to control. Sensory properties were improved by added WPC.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Energy and Protein in The Production Performance of Quail
Authors: Hijab Othman Najh , Albaddy Maad A.K.
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted in one of the research farms belong to Department of Animal Production/Faculty of Agriculture at Tikrit University for the period from 11/9/2020 to 16/10/2020 to determine the appropriate diets from energy and protein and impact on the production performance of the developing quail bird. Two Hundred – Forty eight quail chicks with age of 7-35 days. The birds were divided into two treatments, each treatment contained four replicates with 31 birds per replicate. The first treatment was fed on a diet containing 20% protein, energy ( 2800 Kcal/kg). the second treatment was fed on a diet containing 22% protein, energy ( 2900 Kcal/kg).The results showed no significant differences in body weight during first, second and fifth weeks, while there were significant differences during the third and fourth weeks while the second treatment recorded an increase as comparison with the first treatment in this descripton. And the presence of significant differences during the period 2 to 3 sevenths in the rate of weight gain and the absence of significant differences during the remaining periods and there are no significant differences between the treatments in the rate of consumption of feed during the second and third week and the presence of significant differences during the fourth week where the second treatment recorded an increase as comparison with the first treatment and the absence of significant differences during the fifth week and the total period there are no significant differences between the treatments in feed conversion efficiency during the first week and the presence of significant differences during the second week where they recorded an increase as comparison with The first treatment is on the second treatment. There were significant differences between the treatments during the third week, where the second treatment recorded an increase as comparison with the first treatment. There are no significant differences between treatments during the fifth week and total conversion efficiency.
Effect of Using Different Levels of Spirulina Algae (Spirulina Platensis) in The Diet on Concentration, Types of Fatty Acids, Oxidation Indicators, and Sensory Characteristics of Broiler Carcasses
Authors: Abbas Mahdi Saadoon , Bandar Luma K. , Alkhilani Firas M. H.
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted at the Poultry Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department/Ministry of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib for the period from 25/2/2019 to 7/4/2019 (42 days) with the aim of using several levels of Spirulina (SP)Spirulina platensisin broiler diets. And their effect in the concentration and types of fatty acids, oxidation indices and sensory characteristics of the broiler carcass, 400 birds were used in this experiment One day old broiler birds of the Ross 308 strain are un sexed, with an average starting weight of 40 g/bird, and the birds were randomly distributed into five treatments with four replications per treatment (20 birds/duplicate). The following treatments included: the first (T1) control treatment (the basic diet without additives), the second (T2), third (T3), fourth (T4) and fifth treatments (T5) were used in the basic ration algae SP by 1%, 2% and 3% And 4%, respectively. The two treatments T4 and T5 showed significant superiority (P<0.05) compared to the control group in the concentration of oleic acid, palmitic acid, and the concentration of docosahexaenoic acid and linoleic acid for the treatments T3, T4 and T5 compared to the control treatment. The value of peroxide (PV) was significantly decreased (P <0.05) in the 30-day storage period for treatment T5 birds compared with the two treatments T1 and T2 and the value of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) for all treatments compared to the control treatment, and for the storage period of 60 One day, all oxidation indexes (PV, TBA, TVN) were significantly decreased (P <0.05) for all treatments using Spirulina. No significant effect of spirulina was shown on sensory evaluation scores for the chest and thigh cuts compared to the control treatment.
Using of Different Kinds of Aromatic Oils with Feeding on Some Productive Traits in Awassi Lambs
Authors: Adhab Ahmed A. , Aldoori Ziyad T. , Ahmed Bashar A.
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted in the animal farm of the College of Veterinary Medicine/Tikrit University for the period from 01/10/2019 to 31/12/2019 to investigate the effect of using different kinds of aromatic oils on some productive traits in Awassi lambs. Twenty Awassi lambs aged between 5-6 month and divided according to weight into four group and hens in an individual cages, the study lasted for 90 day. concentrate diet provided to the lambs at 3% of their body weight. the treatment were as follows : T1 was a control group without drenching, T2 drenched with sage oil, T3 drenched with clove oil and T4 drenched with laurel oil. drenching process was done manually by using water-soluble capsules each one contain 500 mg of oil, each lambs was given one capsule/day. which is pushed by using a plastic tube in to the beginning of esophagus. to study the effect of these oils on weight characteristics, body dimensions and wool characteristics. The results showed that there was no significant effect of the treatments on body weight characteristics. As for the measurements of the body dimensions after a month of the experiment, laurel oil, clove oil and sage oil had a significant effect on the chest circumference, the width of the body at the front, the width of the body at the back and BCS, and also the parameters had a significant effect on the measurements of body dimensions At the end of the experiment, the characteristics of the height of the body at the front, the height of the body at the back, the circumference of the chest, and the length of the body. As for the characteristics of the wool, the oils used led to a decrease in the percentage of clean wool and an increase in the length of the fiber compared to the control.
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Three Species of Stored Product Insects
Authors: Qader Fadel , Mohammed Burhan , Ameen Husham
Published: November 2021

Two specis of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema riobravi, symbolized by Sr, and Heterorabditisbacterophora, symbolized by Hb,were tested by using five concentrations: 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 an infectiousphase, ml of the type Sr and four concentrations of 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000infectious phase/mlof the type Hb against Cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculates,Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, and Rust red flour beetle Triboliumcastaneum, using three exposure times of 24, 48, and 72 h. The mortalityrate increased withincreasing in concentrations and the exposure period. The results showed that the highest mortality rate was 16.67 whole insects recorded for the 2000 infectious phase/ml with Sr nematodes after 72 hours post- treatment ofC. maculatus. The results showed that the highest rate mortality,which is 20 larvae, was recorded for the infectious phase dose of the genus nematode (Hb), all of which are 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 gastricphase/ml, and for all exposure periods used between 24 hours and up to 72 hours against the larvae of the T. granarium. The results showed that the highest rate of mortality 10.00 whole insects was recorded for the dose of 3000 Infectious stage/ml and at the exposure time 72 hours, while the lowest rate for this mortality of 1.33 adult insects for rusty flour beetle was recorded for the dose of 500 infectious stage/ml and for the exposure time only 24 hours. The resultsindicated that mortality rate was increasing against any increase in both the exposure time and the dose of nematodes of the genus Hb.
The Effect of Adding Chitosan and Oxytetracycline to Wheat-Soybean Diet on The Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Jasim Huda H. , Nafea Husam H.
Published: November 2021

This experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Animal Production Department/College of Agriculture/Anbar University, for the period from 8/12/2019 until 23/3/2019 for (42 days). The experiment aims to compare the addition of two different levels of Chitosan and one level of antibiotic to the wheat-soybean diet and their effect on the productive performance of broiler chickens from the age of 7-42 days. The experimental treatments were T1: control (without any addition), T2: addition of 0.2 g Oxytetracycline/kg feed, T3: addition of 1 g Chitosan/kg feed and T4: addition of 2 g Chitosan/kg feed. The birds were randomly distributed to four treatments, with 3 replicates per treatment, and 12 birds for each replicate, where 144 chicks, 7 days old of Ross broiler chickens with an average weight of 168.7g were used in the experiment. The results showed that there were no significant differences in live body weight, weight increase and the relative growth rate of broiler, while significant differences occurred between treatments in the feed consumption rate during the first and fifth week and the duration from 7-21 days The T4 decreased significantly from T2 and T3, after which there was a significant decrease in the treatment of T3 from the T1 and T2 treatments in the fifth week. As for the feed conversion factor, there was no significant difference, as well as the percentage of mortality during the 7-42 days.