bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive modeling for breast cancer classification in the context of Bangladeshi patients by use of machine learning approach with explainable AI
Authors: Islam Taminul , Sheakh Md. Alif , Tahosin Mst. Sazia , Hena Most. Hasna , Akash Shopnil , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , FentahunWondmie Gezahign , Nafidi Hiba-Allah , Bourhia Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer has rapidly increased in prevalence in recent years, making it one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Among all cancers, it is by far the most common. Diagnosing this illness manually requires significant time and expertise. Since detecting breast cancer is a time-consuming process, preventing its further spread can be aided by creating machine-based forecasts. Machine learning and Explainable AI are crucial in classification as they not only provide accurate predictions but also offer insights into how the model arrives at its decisions, aiding in the understanding and trustworthiness of the classification results. In this study, we evaluate and compare the classification accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of five different machine learning methods using a primary dataset (500 patients from Dhaka Medical College Hospital). Five different supervised machine learning techniques, including decision tree, random forest, logistic regression, naive bayes, and XGBoost, have been used to achieve optimal results on our dataset. Additionally, this study applied SHAP analysis to the XGBoost model to interpret the model’s predictions and understand the impact of each feature on the model’s output. We compared the accuracy with which several algorithms classified the data, as well as contrasted with other literature in this field. After final evaluation, this study found that XGBoost achieved the best model accuracy, which is 97%.
On the reproducibility of electron-beam lithographic fabrication of photonic nanostructures
Authors: Sahoo Pankaj K. , Coates Eve , Silver Callum D. , Li Kezheng , Krauss Thomas F.
Published: April 2024

Photonic nanostructures such as gratings and ring resonators have become ubiquitous building blocks in Photonics. For example, they are used in filters, they resonantly enhance signals and act as grating couplers. Much research effort is invested in using such structures to create novel functionalities, which often employs electron-beam lithography. An intrinsic issue in this field is the ability to accurately achieve a specific operating wavelength, especially for resonant systems, because nanometer-scale variations in feature size may easily detune the device. Here, we examine some of the key fabrication steps and show how to improve the reproducibility of fabricating wavelength scale photonic nanostructures. We use guided mode resonance grating sensors as our exemplar and find that the exposure condition and the development process significantly affect the consistency of the resonance wavelength, amplitude, and sensitivity of the sensor. By having careful control over these factors, we can achieve consistent performance for all the sensors studied, with less than 10% variation in their resonance behaviors. These investigations provide useful guidelines for fabricating nanostructures more reliably and to achieve a higher success rate in exploratory experiments.
Spindle component 25 predicts the prognosis and the immunotherapy response of cancers: a pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Xia Fengjuan , Yang Haixia , Wu Huangjian , Zhao Bo
Published: April 2024

Spindle component 25 (SPC25) is one of the four proteins that make up the nuclear division cycle 80 (NDC80) complex, the other three components being Ndc80p, Nuf2p, and spindle component 24. Deregulation of the components of this complex can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and reduced apoptosis. However, the prognostic and immunotherapeutic value of SPC25 in pan-cancer remains unclear. Data from the UCSC Xena, TIMER2.0, and TCGA were analyzed to investigate the overall differential expression of SPC25 across multiple cancer types. The survival prognosis, clinical features, and genetic changes of SPC25 were also evaluated. Finally, the relationship between SPC25 and immunotherapy response was further explored through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, tumor microenvironment, and immune cell infiltration. The transcription and protein expression of SPC25 were significantly increased in most cancer types and had prognostic value for the survival of certain cancer patients such as ACC, CESC, KIRC, KIRP, LIHC, LUAD, MESO, STAD, THYM, and UCEC. In some cancer types, SPC25 expression was also markedly correlated with the TMB, MSI, and clinical characteristics. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that SPC25 was significantly associated with immune-related pathways. In addition, it was also confirmed that the expression level of SPC25 was strongly correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, immune regulatory genes, Ferroptosis-related genes, Cuproptosis-related genes, and lactate metabolism-related genes. This study comprehensively explored the potential value of SPC25 as a prognostic and immunotherapeutic marker for pan-cancer, providing new direction and evidence for cancer therapy.
Unveiling energy security in agriculture through vital indicators extraction and insights
Authors: Haghjoo Reihaneh , Choobchian Shahla , Abbasi Enayat
Published: April 2024

Despite advancements in meeting various human needs, energy supply remains a top priority for all countries worldwide. The escalating energy consumption in the agricultural sector underscores the necessity to scrutinize its energy usage. Presently, there exists an absence of a precise tool for accurately measuring this consumption. Hence, this study aims to identify indicators for measuring energy security in agriculture, conducted in three phases: content analysis, indicator validation, and field investigation. In the content analysis phase, energy security indicators were extracted and grouped into four categories: accessibility, availability, utilization, and sustainability. Following this, a two-stage validation process led to the identification of 18 indicators for assessing energy security in agriculture. In the field phase, a tailored questionnaire was distributed to 160 randomly selected farmers. The findings revealed that the availability component held the highest rank in establishing energy security, with an average score of 3.31. However, the current status of the access component indicates a more unfavorable situation compared to other dimensions. Consequently, to achieve energy security in agriculture, particular emphasis should be placed on enhancing energy access. Key areas to address include reducing transportation costs and minimizing the use of chemical pesticides. This indicates a necessity for focused interventions aimed at improving both energy access and sustainability within the agricultural sector. These efforts would contribute to enhancing economic efficiency and promoting environmental conservation.
Energy big data abnormal cluster detection method based on redundant convolution codec
Authors: Ma Rui , Yan Zhenhua , Liu Jia , Kang Wenni , Zhu Dongge
Published: April 2024

Due to the scattered distribution and poor clustering of abnormal clusters in energy big data, the ability to detect anomalies is poor. Therefore, a high-energy data anomaly clustering detection method based on redundant convolutional encoding is proposed. Quantitative analysis of the coupling characteristics of electrical thermal gas optical time series for multi energy users based on Copula function, and incorporating quantitative values into multi energy feature indicators to extract the energy consumption behavior characteristics of multi energy users. Utilize redundant convolutional codecs to recombine and structurally encode abnormal features of energy big data, and capture multi energy coupling time features using coupling time capsule layers. Then, coupling time features are synthesized through fully connected linear regression layers to generate anomalous clustering feature components, and the energy time series data is then transformed into feature values of the time series in three-dimensional space. Based on this, a comprehensive energy system and massive multi energy user energy big data anomaly clustering analysis are carried out to determine the optimal number of multi energy users. Then, based on linear layers, the electricity heat gas light load characteristic map of multi energy users is transformed into one-dimensional form, and an energy big data anomaly clustering detection model is constructed to complete anomaly detection. The simulation results show that the proposed method has excellent feature clustering performance, detection accuracy above 98.7%, fast convergence speed, and an error rate below 0.1, which has reliable application value.
Assessment and factors affecting quality of life among patients with Wilson’s disease
Authors: Zhan Tingting , Guan Yuxiang , Sun Caijie , Wang Lili , Wang Yan , Li Xiang
Published: April 2024

Wilson’s disease is caused by abnormal copper metabolism resulting in deposition in various organs, including the brain, liver, and cornea, thus disrupting organ function. It is characterized by encephalopathy, extrapyramidal symptoms, progressive liver failure, and copper ring deposition in the cornea. Management of this disease should include quality of life maintenance; however, relevant studies on this topic are lacking. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) of patients with Wilson’s disease. A cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted between July 2020 and March 2021 at the hospital. Data on patient characteristics, 36-item Short-Form General Health Survey, Uniform Wilson Disease Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores were collected. Associations among quality of life depression, anxiety, and Wilson’s disease progression were examined using Pearson correlation analysis. Factors affecting the quality of life of patients, including depression, anxiety, liver function, clinical symptoms, diet, liver function, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, disease duration, Barthel Index, and Morse scores were examined using multivariate linear regression analysis. This study included 134 patients with Wilson’s disease whose mean age was 29.12 ± 8.59 years. The mean QoL score in the patient group was 71.38 ± 9.55 points and was negatively correlated with anxiety (r = − 0.883, P = 0.000), depression (r = − 0.852 P = 0.000), and clinical symptoms (r = − 0.542, P = 0.000) scores. Anxiety, depression, and clinical symptoms severity are vital factors for the QoL of patients with Wilson’s disease. The study provides foundational evidence to design novel interventions, including symptom management, diet, and self-care ability, which can help in improving the quality of life in patients with Wilson’s disease and decreasing the burden associated with this disease.
Zyxin is important for the stability and function of podocytes, especially during mechanical stretch
Authors: Kliewe Felix , Siegerist Florian , Hammer Elke , Al-Hasani Jaafar , Amling Theodor Rolf Jakob , Hollemann Jonas Zeno Eddy , Schindler Maximilian , Drenic Vedran , Simm Stefan , Amann Kerstin , Daniel Christoph , Lindenmeyer Maja , Hecker Markus , Völker Uwe , Endlich Nicole
Published: April 2024

Podocyte detachment due to mechanical stress is a common issue in hypertension-induced kidney disease. This study highlights the role of zyxin for podocyte stability and function. We have found that zyxin is significantly up-regulated in podocytes after mechanical stretch and relocalizes from focal adhesions to actin filaments. In zyxin knockout podocytes, we found that the loss of zyxin reduced the expression of vinculin and VASP as well as the expression of matrix proteins, such as fibronectin. This suggests that zyxin is a central player in the translation of mechanical forces in podocytes. In vivo, zyxin is highly up-regulated in patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy and in hypertensive DOCA-salt treated mice. Furthermore, zyxin loss in mice resulted in proteinuria and effacement of podocyte foot processes that was measured by super resolution microscopy. This highlights the essential role of zyxin for podocyte maintenance in vitro and in vivo, especially under mechanical stretch.
An abundant bacterial phylum with nitrite-oxidizing potential in oligotrophic marine sediments
Authors: Zhao Rui , Jørgensen Steffen L. , Babbin Andrew R.
Published: April 2024

Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are important nitrifiers whose activity regulates the availability of nitrite and dictates the magnitude of nitrogen loss in ecosystems. In oxic marine sediments, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and NOB together catalyze the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate, but the abundance ratios of AOA to canonical NOB in some cores are significantly higher than the theoretical ratio range predicted from physiological traits of AOA and NOB characterized under realistic ocean conditions, indicating that some NOBs are yet to be discovered. Here we report a bacterial phylum Candidatus Nitrosediminicolota, members of which are more abundant than canonical NOBs and are widespread across global oligotrophic sediments. Ca. Nitrosediminicolota members have the functional potential to oxidize nitrite, in addition to other accessory functions such as urea hydrolysis and thiosulfate reduction. While one recovered species (Ca. Nitrosediminicola aerophilus) is generally confined within the oxic zone, another (Ca. Nitrosediminicola anaerotolerans) additionally appears in anoxic sediments. Counting Ca. Nitrosediminicolota as a nitrite-oxidizer helps to resolve the apparent abundance imbalance between AOA and NOB in oxic marine sediments, and thus its activity may exert controls on the nitrite budget.
Correction: An impedimetric sensor based on molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for the determination of trypsin in artificial matrices – towards point-of-care diagnostics
Authors: Di Masi Sabrina , Costa Marco , Canfarotta Francesco , Guerreiro Antonio , Hartley Alicia , Piletsky Sergey A. , Malitesta Cosimino
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘An impedimetric sensor based on molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for the determination of trypsin in artificial matrices – towards point-of-care diagnostics’ by Sabrina Di Masi et al., Anal. Methods, 2024, 16, 742–750, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AY01762A.
Computational design, synthesis, and assessment of 3-(4-(4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as effective epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: a prospective strategy for anticancer therapy
Authors: Khedkar Nilesh Raghunath , Sindkhedkar Milind , Joseph Alex
Published: April 2024

Herein, we developed innovative EGFR inhibitor using the FBDD approach. Compound 30a emerged as highly potent, selective, capable of arresting the cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis, underscoring its potential as a novel anticancer therapeutic agent.
A high density nanopore 3-triangulene kagome lattice
Authors: Spalenza Pedro Elias Priori , de Souza Fábio Arthur Leão , Amorim Rodrigo G. , Scheicher Ralph H. , Scopel Wanderlã Luis
Published: April 2024

Nanopore-containing two-dimensional (2D) materials have been explored for a wide range of applications including filtration, sensing, catalysis, energy storage and conversion.
Deformation-dependent gel surface topography due to the elastocapillary and osmocapillary effects
Authors: Wang Luochang , Liu Qihan
Published: April 2024

Elastocapillary and osmocapillary effects can roughen a stretched surface although the elastic Poisson’s effect always flattens a stretched surface.
Atomic force microscopy 3D structural reconstruction of individual particles in the study of amyloid protein assemblies
Authors: Chitty Claudia , Kuliga Kinga , Xue Wei-Feng
Published: April 2024

Recent developments in atomic force microscopy (AFM) image analysis have made three-dimensional (3D) structural reconstruction of individual particles observed on 2D AFM height images a reality. Here, we review the emerging contact point reconstruction AFM (CPR-AFM) methodology and its application in 3D reconstruction of individual helical amyloid filaments in the context of the challenges presented by the structural analysis of highly polymorphous and heterogeneous amyloid protein structures. How individual particle-level structural analysis can contribute to resolving the amyloid polymorph structure–function relationships, the environmental triggers leading to protein misfolding and aggregation into amyloid species, the influences by the conditions or minor fluctuations in the initial monomeric protein structure on the speed of amyloid fibril formation, and the extent of the different types of amyloid species that can be formed, are discussed. Future perspectives in the capabilities of AFM-based 3D structural reconstruction methodology exploiting synergies with other recent AFM technology advances are also discussed to highlight the potential of AFM as an emergent general, accessible and multimodal structural biology tool for the analysis of individual biomolecules.
Interactive low delay music and speech communication via network connections (OVBOX)
Authors: Grimm Giso
Published: April 2024

The “OVBOX” is a tool for low-delay network audio communication and generic data transmission between multiple clients. Acoustic end-to-end delays of about 30 ms can be achieved, assuming a good internet connection and a distance between clients of less than about 1500 km. For optimal spatial perception, e.g., when using multiple instruments of similar timbre, an individual 3-dimensional room acoustic simulation based on physical modelling is applied in each client. The system is optimised for headless operation using a dedicated single-board computer (Raspberry Pi 4B), but desktop clients are also available for better integration with other audio software. A client-server system allows remote configuration and automatic traversal of network address translation routers and firewalls. With the low latency that can be achieved, the “OVBOX” is used for music applications such as distributed rehearsals or concerts. Other applications include hearing research to achieve interactive speech communication with low delay transmission of head movements for real-time control of virtual reality, and transmission of other biophysical data for online analysis or central data logging. The tool is fully open source.
Influence of the used starch on the structure, stability and rheological properties of a starch-milk dessert cream
Authors: Dzhivoderova-Zarcheva Mina , Ivanova Stanislava
Published: April 2024

The stability and rheological properties of starchy dairy dessert creams thickened with corn, potato, wheat, rice, and tapioca starches were compared. A difference in structure was also reported in microscopic imaging. The stability of the creams was assessed by analysing the amount of liquid separated by centrifugation of the samples. Potato starch cream was found to have the least stability after 24, 120, and 240 hours of storage. Wheat starch shows the lowest retrograde properties. Rheological studies were performed at 50 °C in a controlled shear rate mode. The data show that all systems studied are non-Newtonian fluids. The resulting flow curves were analysed using the Herschel-Bulkley model. All creams are pseudoplastic, thinning liquids with time-varying properties. The consistency of creams thickened with rice and wheat starch is significantly more stable than those thickened with corn, potato, and tapioca starch, which was also confirmed by the calculated thixotropic areas.
JavaScript Web Scraping Tool for Extraction Information from Agriculture Websites
Authors: Zhekova Mariya , Yumer Emir
Published: April 2024

Extracting information from an information platform, site or system is possible if the information is structured or annotated in a way that is convenient for subsequent analysis and data processing, decision making and reasoning. The goal of this paper is to review and categorize various techniques, tools, and libraries for extracting information from unstructured web content (platforms, sites, systems), and to develop a JavaScript application that crawls and extracts data from dynamic web pages without the need to browse, read and search the page content. The paper presents an implementation of a particular JavaScript web scraper that retrieves a list of news headlines from the official European Union Agriculture and Rural Development website without the need for the content of the document to be read by users. The web scraper is configured to extract the searched content directly from the source HTML code of the document, regardless of whether the information is explicit or implicit. It also searches all pages related to the document. Finally exports data in a proper format. The benefits of such a tool for extracting web content from source code are related to saving time, manual labour and means of generating quality content in the biotech and agriculture industry.
A short review on graphene derivatives towards photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Abdullah Rashid Albalushi Reem , Mohammed Yussuf Mohd Asmadi
Published: April 2024

Graphene oxide is vital in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, serving as an essential photoanode material. Its semiconducting nature allows for the generation of photocurrents, promoting water oxidation at the anode and contributing to hydrogen production efficiency. Additionally, graphene is a two-dimensional carbon allotrope that has quickly emerged as a highly promising material in PEC water splitting, potentially transforming renewable energy and sustainable hydrogen generation. Graphene improves PEC water-splitting efficiency by facilitating efficient charge transport, rapid electron transfer, and effective redox reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface. It possesses high electrical conductivity, a large specific surface area, and excellent charge carrier mobility. Its unique band structure enables efficient light absorption across a broad spectrum, including visible light, resulting in better light-to-electricity conversion. Furthermore, the inherent catalytic activity of graphene speeds up the oxygen evolution process (OER), increasing water oxidation and aiding hydrogen gas production.
Fibrous silica bismuth sulfide: An advanced material towards promising photoelectrochemical water-splitting
Authors: Nik Lah Nik Muhammad Izzudin , Tuan Abdullah Tuan Amran , Sawal Muhammad Hakimi , Hazril Nur Izzati Hanani , Rashid Reem Abdullah , Mohd Azami Mohammad Saifulddin
Published: April 2024

The emission of greenhouse gaseous to the atmosphere as a consequence of the utilization of fossil fuels has significantly contributed to global warming and sudden climax change which aroused a lot of concerns. This occurrence has indirectly spurred interest in hydrogen energy as a future alternative energy due to its environmentally friendly, high efficiency and long-term energy storage. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting is a top-notch approach that can efficiently produce hydrogen. Moreover, semiconductor materials like bismuth sulfide have often been used as photoanode material in the PEC water-splitting study due to their narrow bandgap, high optical absorption coefficient, appropriate band alignment and low toxicity. Yet, Bi2S3 photoanode suffers from the rapid recombination of charge carriers which ultimately leads to sluggish water oxidation kinetics and poor charge transfer. Interestingly, the fabrication of fibrous silica bismuth sulfide (FSBS) not only demonstrated a low bandgap energy level but also effectively separated the photoproduced charges. In addition, the FSBS photoanode also showed a photocurrent density of 47.9 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE which is 1.78 times greater than the commercial BS photoanode (26.9 mA/cm2). These findings indirectly exposed the potential of FSBS photoanode towards a sustainable PEC water-splitting application.
Effect of biofloc technology at varies biological factors on the growth performance and water quality in cultivation of red hybrid tilapia
Authors: Jong Chung Hiang , Zainul Alam Muhd Nazrul Hisham , Kamaruddin Mohd. Johari
Published: April 2024

Aquaculture is one of the important food-producing sectors. However, the effluent of the aquaculture system consists of pollutants such as nitrogenous compounds and the ample usage of water for traditional aquaculture systems. Therefore, biofloc technology was developed in the aquaculture industry in the 1980s to improve the water quality of the system and increase the fish production. The purpose of this experimental work is to investigate the effect of biological factors on the growth performance of fish and the water quality of the biofloc technology (BFT) aquaculture system for red hybrid tilapia cultivation. In this study, 3 biological factors such as the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, stocking density and the feeding rate were studied under BFT. Parallel experiments in thirteen suspended growth tanks were carried out within (10:1-20:1) C/N ratio, (1%-5%) feeding rate and (20-80 fish m-3) stocking density for 10 weeks. Growth rate of fish and water quality data such as ammonia, nitrite and nitrate concentrations were collected weekly during the study. The results revealed that the 20:1 C/N ratio gave the best water quality. Feeding rate at 4% of body weight produced good growth performance of the tilapia species and the higher stocking densities lead to lower water quality and survival rate.
Heart rate sensor with IoT features
Authors: Amirrudin Nurul Ain , Nazreen Muhammad , Syafiq Mohd Amir , Irwan Muhammad Hafiz , Bolang Fajar Aqhari , Andika Putra Achmad Tegar , Ariffin Aizan , Yusof Khairul Huda , Sapari Norazliani Md.
Published: April 2024

This paper describes the working of a heartbeat sensor project aimed at creating an internet-enabled heart rate monitoring device, combining the ESP32 microcontroller, MAX30102 pulse oximeter sensor, and OLED display. The device transmits real-time data to a webpage, allowing users to monitor their heart rate conveniently. Challenges included securing a stable internet connection and optimizing power consumption. Potential applications range from remote patient monitoring to fitness tracking, promoting healthier lifestyles. The project demonstrated the convergence of IoT and health monitoring technologies. Plans involve refining the device’s capabilities and enhancing user experience.
Formulating Disaster Mitigation Strategies for Surakarta City, Indonesia by Using Risk Matrix and House of Risk Phase 2
Authors: Setiawan Eko , Mahendra Tamim Mujadid
Published: April 2024

Surakarta is a city in Central Java, Indonesia that has the potential to be affected by any type of disaster. This study aims to identify hazards that may cause disasters in the city; to measure the level of damage produced by the disasters; and to provide disaster mitigation strategies for the city over the 2023-2027 period of time. To achieve these aims, this study uses the risk matrix method to determine the level of risk imposed by each of the potential disasters and implements the house of risk (HoR) phase 2 to formulate disaster mitigation strategies. The study reveals that there are 7 potential disasters taking place in the city during the time period of 2023-2027. The use of HoR phase 2 results in 10 mitigation strategies, namely “Carrying out disaster outreach and education”; “Collaborating with other parties in disaster management”, “Strengthening the legal framework for disaster management”, “Mapping disaster-prone areas”, “Providing early warning of disasters to communities”, “Forming disaster-resilient villages”, “Cleaning and developing water drainage channel”, “Controlling illegal settlements”, “Adding water catchment areas”; and “Conducting reforestation”.
Analysis of Tidal Flood Management in the Coastal Region, West Aceh Regency
Authors: Febrianti Dian , Zakia  , Safriani Meylis , Faisi Ikhwali M. , Farizal Teuku , Husein Zaki
Published: April 2024

Tidal flooding in Gampong Pasir Village, West Aceh Regency, reached 100 cm in July 2020, submerging 42 houses. Efforts like buis concrete, sandbags, and tetrapods have been used to address the issue. This study aims to determine the public’s perception of the efforts to overcome tidal floods that have been carried out in Gampong Pasir. This study uses primary data to assess the response efforts and secondary data, including population, research location, and building data. The first questionnaire processes public perception using a Likert scale, while the second processes expert opinions using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study interviewed 81 respondents from a total of 418 residents in the community with three expert opinions. The study results indicate that the efforts made have had a positive impact on mitigating tidal flooding in Gampong Pasir, but they are still not optimal. Using the AHP method, the study prioritizes resilience as the highest criterion with a value of 0.75 and identifies Tetrapod as the top-performing alternative with a value of 0.76. Therefore, Tetrapod has been built as a priority structure to address tidal flooding in Indonesia.
Development of a Sustainable Technology in Reducing Reservoir Evaporation
Authors: Min Teh Hee , Gunasekaran Kirthana , Pudyastuti Purwanti Sri
Published: April 2024

The high volume of water loss due to climate change raises the storage requirement of reservoirs. This study aims to develop a sustainable and economical physical evaporation reduction device for large reservoirs in tropical climates. Two materials (i.e., non-woven geotextiles and polypropylene sheet) were used as covers to limit the evaporation rates. Both materials with a 60% water surface coverage were respectively located in a Class A evaporation pan. A control pan without a cover was prepared to measure the evaporation of the surroundings. The evaporation rates of the three pans were measured daily for a total of 45 days. The results show that the covers adopted have successfully hindered the rise of water temperature, thereby limiting the evaporation rates. The observed average evaporation reduction percentage (relative to the evaporation rate of the control pan) was 40% for geotextile and 60% for polypropylene sheets.
The Implementation of Autocad® Civil 3D for Road Geometric Redesign on Educational Areas: A Case Leumah Neundet Bandung
Authors: Rifai Andri Irfan , Prasetijo Joewono , Pasha Muhamad , Handayani Susanty
Published: April 2024

Infrastructures, especially those directly related to the transportation system and has a crucial role in society is the road. “Jalan Leumah Neundeut” is a road transportation infrastructure in Sukawarna Village, Sukajadi District, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. It has the potential for trip attraction because it very close to the education area and passed by public transportation. This paper’s problem formulation arises based on the need for a well-road transportation infrastructure on “Jalan Leumah Neundeut”. It will be geometrically redesigned in its horizontal alignment to be as ideal as possible to fit the design criteria using AutoCAD® Civil 3D because it does not meet the design criteria, especially regarding the road spaces and lane configuration. The geometric redesign of the “Jalan Leumah Neundeut” horizontal alignment resulted in 450 meters of the total road length, 7 meters of carriageway width with 2/2 UD (undivided with two lanes and two ways) type, 60 km/hour of velocity design, S-C-S type of road curve, 47 meters of LS value, 130 meters of curve design radius, 2% of normal super-elevation, and 8% of maximum super-elevation. With the results obtained, Jalan Leumah Neundeut can maximize its potential.
Industrial Cluster Design using Value Chain Analysis and Diamond Porter’s Model (Case Study in Batik Trusmi Cirebon Center)
Authors: Pratiwi Atikah Aghdhi , Wessiani Naning Aranti , Suwignjo Patdono , Fadli Rihadatul
Published: April 2024

Batik Trusmi is one of Batik industry areas with 164 Batik Industry listed. Batik Trusmi, currently a center for Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), has the high potential to grow into an industrial cluster to give its stakeholders competitive advantage. The government’s plan to develop industrial areas in West Java, includes Trusmi Batik Area as one of industrial areas that will be developed over the next 20 years. This study focus on illustrating and describing the primary and secondary activities of the Industrial cluster and stakeholders function on the system by using Value Chain Analysis and Diamond Porter’s Model, and the Industrial Cluster Component and Condition Assessment of Batik Trusmi as the result. The Diamond Porter Model describes the conditions of Internal and External Aspects of the Industrial Cluster. The industrial cluster design delivered the desired result for Batik Trusmi based on the Industrial Cluster Success Criteria. The Cirebon Industrial and Trading Agency will oversee the integrated system, which will be able to increase the competitive advantage, manage demand distribution, standardize production processes and quality, develop a tourism brand for Cirebon, and put in place a monitoring and evaluation system to gradually develop the industries under the management of industrial cluster.
Green Productivity Approach to Determine the Productivity and Environmental Performance in Batik Industry
Authors: Ramadhani Dinda Safitri , Muslimah Etika , Kurnianto Ikhsan Dwi Cahyo Ryan
Published: April 2024

The batik industry in Kampoeng Batik Laweyan drives entrepreneurs to improve company performance for sustainability and competitiveness. SMEs can boost productivity, assessing overall performance and guiding sustainable improvements. Besides economic benefits, batik production poses environmental challenges through waste disposal. Green productivity aims to enhance productivity and environmental performance simultaneously. Research on SMEs like Batik Anugrah Purnama and Batik Tunaruntum shows productivity gains in January 2019: 172% and 610%. Material management strategies, such as reusing leftover wax and switching to gas for the lorod process, contributed to productivity enhancements. Consequently, productivity rose to 206% and 664%. Post-liquid waste treatment, Environmental Performance Indicator (EPI) indices improved from -1.415, -3.285 to 0.032, -0.77.
Assessments of the Vulnerability and Demand Capacity Ratio of Old Public Buildings Structures
Authors: Nurchasanah Yenny , Rochman Abdul , Ujianto Muhammad , Fauzi Ahmad Syarif , Nugraha Ayub Hendra
Published: April 2024

The collapse of buildings during seismic shocks resulted in many fatalities due to the earthquake. Existing structures constructed under previous regulations with an earthquake intensity value less than the present seismic intensity are the most affected, particularly low-rise buildings. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) releases codes to evaluate the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes to anticipate the possibility of damage to existing structures caused by earthquakes. According to the FEMA P154-2015 code, in the regulation, there are stages consisting of Tier 1 (screening), Tier 2 (evaluation), and Tier 3 (detailed), as well as building evaluation with the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) approach. The vulnerability of twelve existing buildings in Surakarta and Yogyakarta Indonesia has been assessed, those are low-rise buildings (2-3 floors) that were built around 1980 and still stand as public facilities. The evaluation result of existing buildings with the RVS method, eight buildings are declared safe against earthquakes (S≥2) and four buildings are considered vulnerable to earthquakes (S<2). Evaluation for those four buildings should proceed to the Tier 2 evaluation. One of the school buildings in Surakarta was evaluated under Tier 2. The evaluation was conducted with Static Linear Elastic Procedures (LESP) and Linear Elastic Dynamic Procedures (LEDP).
Optimization of Wax Model Printing using a DLP 3D Printer for Castable Wax Resin material
Authors: Prianto Eko , Herianto  , Herliansyah Muhammad Kusumawan
Published: April 2024

Wax material can be used to make craft items as models that are printed using 3D printing. Custom and mass production processes for craft items can be carried out according to customer needs. This research aims to find the best process parameters in optimising the wax printing process as a printed model using 3D Printing DLP technology to have the best dimensional accuracy, geometric accuracy, and surface roughness. The method used is a design of experiment with factors in the form of exposure time and layer thickness, each of which has three levels to produce the best response: dimensional accuracy, geometry, and surface roughness. The research results show that print parameters with an exposure time value of 16 seconds and a layer thickness of 0.06 are the best experiments in producing dimensional accuracy of the print results. This is indicated by the smallest shrinkage percentage value of 0.41%. Meanwhile, to obtain smooth print results with minimal defects, printing is carried out with an exposure time parameter of 14 seconds with a layer thickness of 0.06 mm.
Forecasting fluidity: A green predictive approach to water risk management in supply chains
Authors: Lumintu Ida
Published: April 2024

This research utilizes the 2016 Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) dataset and predictive analytics to explore water risk management in global supply chains within the landscape of ecological imperatives intersecting with economic realities. Employing a Random Forest (RF) model, the study investigates water risks from local to global scales, emphasizing the strategic importance of understanding and managing these risks. The findings reveal the RF model’s efficacy in predicting the financial impacts of water risks, highlighting the necessity for proactive risk management strategies in supply chains. This research not only demonstrates the application of machine learning in green supply chain management but also paves the way for future studies on comprehensive and adaptive environmental risk mitigation approaches.
The Influence of Coconut Coir and Snake Fruit Fronds Mass on the Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites
Authors: Budiyati Eni , Saputri Fauzia Zeinandi , Prasasti Radeva Intan Kurnia , Elwin Muhammad Rishad
Published: April 2024

Coconut coir and snake fruit fronds are currently underutilized, which drives research to expand the benefits of these natural fibers. Both materials were alkalinized for 30 and 45 minutes in 1.25% KMnO4 immersion. The fiber mass was varied by 3 grams, 4 grams, and 5 grams. The goal of this study was to obtain tensile strength, strain, and Young's modulus using the ASTM D-630 test. The results showed that the highest tensile strength results in coconut fiber of 5.75 MPa for 5 grams and 30-min immersion. The strain of 14.8% for 45 minutes and 4 grams of fiber immersion, and a Young’s modulus of 0.47 MPa for 30 minutes and 5 grams of soaked fiber. Furthermore, the snake fruit fronds fiber demonstrated tensile strength of 18.26 MPa for 45 minutes and 5 grams of soaking fiber, strain of 16.5% for 30 minutes and 3 grams of soaking fiber, and Young’s modulus of 1.48 MPa for 30 minutes of soaking fiber.
Enhancing Supercapacitor Performance with Cassava Tuber- Bamboo Stem Blended Porous Activated Carbon: An Environmentally Friendly Approach
Authors: Muthi Aturroifah Nuviya Illa , Diantoro Markus , Meevasana Worawat , Maensiri Santi
Published: April 2024

Supercapacitor electrodes based on porous activated carbon from a blend of cassava tubers and bamboo stems were successfully synthesized using a chemical activation method with a 4M KOH activator. In this study, we characterized the morphological structure of porous activated carbon blended from cassava tubers and bamboo stems using SEM, while the electrochemical performance was tested using GCD, CV, and EIS. The porous activated carbon blend derived from cassava tubers and bamboo stems exhibits a micro-meso pore morphology, resulting in superior electrolyte ion storage capacity when compared to the carbon precursors of cassava tubers and bamboo stems. The porous activated carbon blend from cassava tubers and bamboo stems, serving as a supercapacitor electrode, demonstrates specific capacitance, energy density, and power density values of 43.44 F/g, 4.81 Wh/kg, and 178.64 W/kg, respectively. The CV curve results show that the supercapacitor electrode has EDLC properties, with Rs and Rct of 15.52 Ω and 7.40 Ω. The results of the research provide a valuable contribution to the development of efficient and sustainable electrochemical materials, with potential broad applications in energy storage technologies.
The Effect of Silica Filler Source on the Mechanical Properties of Composite Rubber
Authors: Suci Isrenna Ratu Rezky , Rahmah Anisa Ur , Budiyati Eni , Purnama Herry
Published: April 2024

Rubber composite is a high molecular weight polymer, produced from natural or synthetic rubber with sulfur as its common crosslinking agent. To improve the mechanical properties of rubber, filler with high silica content was usually added. Hence in this experiment, due to their high silica content, Risk husk ash (RHA), along with chemizil and zeosil were used as the composite filler. Sulfur was chosen as the crosslinking agent of a rubber mixture that consists of polyisoprene rubber (IR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (KNB), and polybutadiene rubber (BR). The composition of the other component was fixed at Per Hundred Rubber (PHR) of 51.43. During mixing, the temperature and mixing time were kept constant at 60-70oC and 6 minutes. The properties of rubber composite were characterized based on their physical and mechanical properties. Based on the rheological test, RHA has a faster vulcanization time compared to chemisil and zeosil. Improvement of the mechanical properties of the RHA rubber mixture was also observed, with 300% modulus, elongation, and tear at 42 kg/cm2, 867%, and 51 kg/cm2. Meanwhile, insignificance differences in tensile strength, hardness, and specific gravity of RHA compared to chemisil and zeosil, were observed.
Analysis of Polyurethane Foam Machining Parameter Influence: Current Status and Perspective
Authors: Utomo Archi Kun Cahyo , Ubaidillah  , Raharjo Wijang Wisnu , Harwijayanti Widyanita
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, polyurethane (PU) foam has successfully replaced various engineering materials in many applications due to its many advantages in mechanical and thermal properties. In various applications, PU foam must be formed into various 3-dimensional models according to user requirements by utilizing CAM software and CNC milling machining to manufacture a product. Thus, the selection of cutting parameters in the milling machining process in terms of the nature and character of the material and cutting tools is essential and significantly influences the geometric structure and surface roughness of the PU foam products produced. Based on the review of this article, several machining parameters must be appropriately considered, including spindle rotation speed, depth of cut, cutting tool selection, and feed rate. Vibration will increase as the spindle rotation speed increases, which brings cutting tools but results in better surface quality. Continuous chip formation can be achieved by selecting the proper cut depth and producing low surface roughness values. Selecting suitable cutting tools and geometries that match the material characteristics can reduce the risk of material damage during the machining process, thereby reducing the surface roughness value. Finally, a low cutting rate will minimize surface roughness but increase the risk of cutting-edge wear.
The Joint Decision of Cost Reduction Effort and Product Rollover Strategy for Fashion Items in the Presence of Strategic Consumers
Authors: Putera Rizki Revianto , Savitri Niken Anggraini , Kusumawardhani Rindi , Shalihah Maratus
Published: April 2024

The trend in the fashion industry forces them to change their collection more frequently than ever. Product rollover strategy refers to the retailer’s decision how to manage the old product when the new one enters the market. They can either withdraw the old product to avoid cannibalization between two products (called a single rollover strategy) or sell both to maximize total sales (called a dual rollover strategy). This study considers a supplier who sells an innovative product through a retailer, which the latter subject to decides the rollover strategy. Through analytical approaches, we investigate the interaction between a supplier's cost-reduction and a retailer's rollover strategy when strategic consumers are present in the market. We found that the supplier's capability in R&D plays a crucial role in equilibrium results. When the firm is highly efficient in cost reduction, the introductory product price can be increased regardless of the rollover strategy being chosen. Our study demonstrates a counterintuitive result where a dual rollover strategy might have a lower introductory price compared to the single rollover strategy when the investment in production cost takes place. This finding shows how a supplier’s cost reduction effort mitigates the cannibalization effect while delivering a better profit.
Utilizing Lean Six Sigma and Waste Assessment Model to Reduce Waste in the Hot Rolled Coil Production
Authors: Kusumawardani Rindi , Supriyanto Hari , Suryanto Muhammad Rinaldi
Published: April 2024

The global steel industry is pivotal, driven by substantial demand. In Indonesia, a leading steel manufacturing company, boasting significant production capacities for Hot Rolled Coil (HRC) and Cold Rolled Coil (CRC) products, with capacities of 2,400,000 and 850,000 tons per year. However, current production lags at 1,500,000 and 500,000 tons annually for HRC and CRC. Notably, the production process recorded defect ratios of 15.85%, 15.65%, and 15.56% from 2020 to 2022, with waste waiting accounting for a breakdown time and operating time ratio of ±40%. The study employs Lean Six Sigma to analyze and mitigate waste during HRC production, aiming to augment product value, production efficiency, and cost reduction. Through Value Stream Mapping and Process Activity Mapping, 44.93% of Necessary Not Value- Added Activities (NNVA). In the next stage, critical wastes including waste defects, overproduction, and waiting are selected using the Waste Assessment Model. The Analysis stage employs fishbone diagrams and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis to determine root causes and assess risk. Proposed improvements include toolbox meetings, maintenance scheduling, check sheets, a work roll replacement algorithm, and sensor adjustments, projected to raise sigma values significantly for waste defects, overproduction, and waiting.
Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Cost Plan Construction on The Project “Preservasi Jalan dan Jembatan Surabaya – Sidoarjo”
Authors: Kunaifi Ravniar , Wisnumurti  , Zacoeb Achfas
Published: April 2024

Indonesia is one of the developing countries which currently has a lot of development underway. Problems related to occupational health and safety are still often ignored, especially in East Java province, this is demonstrated by the still high number of construction work accidents in 2021 in East Java province, namely 26% of the total construction work accident cases in Indonesia. This research was carried out on the project “Preservasi Jalan dan Jembatan Surabaya – Sidoarjo”. The method of this research is hazard identification risk assessment and risk control (HIRARC) and quantitative descriptive method. The results of this research show that the amount of occupational health and safety costs is based on the owner's estimate which is guided by the Minister for Public Works and Housing Regulation Number 10 of 2021 concerning Construction Safety Management Systems is IDR. 664,667,000.00 where The value of 4,04 % of occupational safety and health costs has met the ideal standard from circular letter number 10/SE/M/2018 of the Minister for Public Works and Housing that is between 1.5% - 2.5% of the total project value.