bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double-well trap for charged microparticles
Authors: Kokorina Olga , Rybin Vadim , Rudyi Semyon
Published: December 2021

We propose a double-well linear Paul trap for particle’s spatial selection according to the charge-to-mass ratio. To perform spatial selection we implemented an experimental setup that permits to detect particles’ positions in the double-well trap from three different view-points: top, front left, and front right. The setup gives an opportunity to monitor the particles’ axial density distribution in real-time. We have shown a strong correlation between axial position of separated localization areas and the DC voltages applied to the rod and end-cap electrodes. We have experimentally determined the critical localization parameters where double-well mode acquires for all the trapped charged microparticles. According to the experimental data and a numerical simulation a upper value of charge-to-mass ratio of the trapped microparticles was estimated.
Study of color centers in radiation-modified diamonds
Authors: Kozlova M V , Khomich A A , Khmelnitsky R A , Averin A A , Kovalev A I , Poklonskaya O N , Vlasov I I , Khomich A V , Ralchenko V G
Published: December 2021

We report on the optical properties of He-related color centers created by He-ion implantation and subsequent thermal annealing in natural diamonds, including the temperature (300–700 K) and excitation power (1–1800 kW/cm2)-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The prospects for the use of He-implanted diamonds for temperature sensing are discussed. The effect of fast neutron irradiation on the optical properties of Si-V color centers in CVD diamonds were also examined.
Effect of doping atoms in the surface morphology of dense palladium-based diffusion membrane-filters
Authors: Akimova O V , Tereshina I S , Kaminskaya T P
Published: December 2021

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-precision scanning electron microscopy methods were used to study the morphology of the surface of diffusion filter-membranes Pd-Pb. Analysis of the AFM microscopy data and microelectronic photographs showed the individual features of the formation of the membrane alloy’s surface topology. The predisposition of the alloy to cavitation was revealed both in the technological process of manufacturing filter-membranes and under exposure to hydrogen.
Silicon nanowires based adsorption sensors for CO and NH3 detection
Authors: Kondratev V M , Morozov I A , Vyacheslavova E A , Gudovskikh A S , Nalimova S S , Moshnikov V A , Bolshakov A D
Published: December 2021

Carbon monoxide and ammonia are inorganic agents found both in nature and in the human body, which is of great interest for modern sensing. The work is aimed at fabrication and study of precise, technological and relatively cheap multi-environment sensors based on Si nanowires possessing high surface area compatible with a gas and liquid medium for CO and NH3 detection, respectively. We demonstrate the potential of the approach for detection of both ammonia and CO at concentrations as low as 10ppm. The effects of the adsorbates from water and air are discussed.
Work function of polytypic gallium phosphide nanowires
Authors: Sharov V A , Alekseev P A , Fedorov V V , Ankudinov A V , Mukhin I S
Published: December 2021

In this work we investigate the work function of gallium phosphide nanowires by the means of frequency-modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy. Polytypic wurtzite/zinc blende nanowires were synthesized via self-catalytic molecular beam epitaxy. Mixed crystal phase was achieved by controlling the catalytic droplet contact angle and confirmed via transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Kelvin probe study showed a contrast between the work function of (110) zinc blende and (1120) wurtzite gallium phosphide: ϕZB = 4.28 eV and ϕWZ = 4.2 eV. Also, it was shown that sub-monolayer arsenic shell increases the work function up to 4.75 eV. Thus, two mechanisms for work function adjustment in the range 4.2-4.75 eV are shown. The results are important for optimization of Schottky barriers in nanowire-based devices.
Study of adsorption effect on orientational and relaxation properties of finite polymer chains near the solid surface
Authors: Maksimova O G , Maksimov A V , Smirnov V V , Egorov V I , Osipov S V , Menshikov E V
Published: December 2021

To study dynamic properties of a polymer coating, we consider a polymer chain with finite length. We take into account a chain bending rigidity and assume that the chain is located near an adsorbing flat surface of a solid. One part of the chain is fixed on the surface, and the second one remains free. It is supposed that the cause of chain stretching is the internal effective mean (molecular) field formed as a result of intermolecular interactions with free ends of other chains. Kinetic equations based on the Kubo method are obtained to calculate the relaxation time of the segments. The dependences of the long-range orientational order parameter and relaxation time on the adsorption parameter, the mean field coefficient and chain bending rigidity parameters are calculated. It is shown that a first-order phase transition occurs at the critical point, which is associated with a drastic change in the degree of the chain elongation. We discovered the “critical deceleration” effect, which consists in a sharp increase in the relaxation time near the critical point during the formation of surface polymer layers on the surface of a solid.
Simulation of Friction Stir Spot Welding of Copper and Aluminium During Plunging Phase
Authors: Shobri N N S M , Pedapati S R , Awang M
Published: December 2021

Simulation is limited and remains briefly addressed in the literature of friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process in joining dissimilar copper and aluminium. Thus, this study simulated the FSSW process of copper and aluminium to investigate the peak temperature during the plunging phase produced by all possible combinations of levels for tool rotational speed, plunge rate, and plunge depth according to the full factorial design. The modeling was established by Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) model and ‘dynamic, temperature-displacement, explicit’ analysis. The highest peak temperature of 994.4 oC was produced by 2400 rpm rotational speed, 100 mm/min plunge rate, and 1.6 mm plunge depth. The combination was suggested to be the optimum welding parameters in joining copper to aluminium as sufficient heat input was essential to soften the area around the welding tool and adequately plasticize the material. Three sets of confirmation tests presented consistent responses with a mean peak temperature of 994.4 °C, which validated that the response produced by the suggested optimum welding parameters was reliable. The statistical result reported that the variability in the factors could explain 84.12% of the variability in the response. However, only the rotational speed and plunge depth were statistically significant. The residual plots showed that the regression line model was valid.
Utilization of Biomass Flyash in Cementitious Application
Authors: Mohamaed A , KMuduli K
Published: December 2021

The use of biomass fly ash in concrete and composite materials is designed to ensure optimum use of fly ash and the development of the economic process. This report justifies the purpose of this project and why it is important for the environment and human health to use fly ash. The report also suggests how to use fly ash best and how to archive it.
Tensile properties of PolyLactic Acid Composite Foamed via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Nordin N M , Anuar H , Ali F , Buys Y F
Published: December 2021

Tensile properties of foamed PolyLactic Acid (PLA) composite were studied. In this work, PLA were incorporate with Durian Skin Fibre (DSF) and Cinnamon Essential Oil (CEO) to form PLA bio composite and further treat via supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) to form foamed PLA bio composite. The tensile strength value of foamed PLA bio composite slightly drops from foamed PLA. As for stress strain graph, the percentage of strain for foamed PLA and PLA bio composite did not distinct much. Through SEM, the foamed PLA bio composite showing that it did not fully foamed after treated via SCCO2 which due to treatment period and the thickness of the thin films.
Self-Healing Epoxy Coating with Microencapsulation of Linseed Oil for the Corrosion Protection of Magnesium (Mg)
Authors: Alias J , Johari N A , Zanurin A , Alang N A , Zain M Z M
Published: December 2021

The ability to self-heal is an important feature for the long-term durability of protective coatings on metal alloys. Microcapsules in the self-healing coating allowed for automatic recovery of any damages or cracks, extending the life of the coating. In this study, self-healing microcapsules containing linseed oil as the core material and polyurea-formaldehyde (PUF) as the shell material were manufactured to epoxy resin matrix. Coatings were applied to a bare magnesium (Mg) substrate and scratched to test the self-healing ability. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the microcapsules formed by varied stirring rates of 300 and 800 rpm. By using potentiodynamic polarization in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, the corrosion rate of embedded microcapsules and coatings on Mg was evaluated, and the corrosion rate was studied using the Tafel plot. As a consequence, the epoxy coating containing linseed oil and urea formaldehyde, stirred at 800 rpm, significantly resists corrosion attack on the magnesium sheet, with decreased corrosion current density, icorr (1.552 μA/cm2) as compared to the bare magnesium sheet (109.8 μA/cm2). During the microcapsule preparation, increasing the stirring rate from 300 to 800 rpm reduces the icorr value by roughly half. As a result, the self-healing coatings demonstrated adequate self-healing and corrosion resistance recovery on magnesium alloys.
Modelling of Flexible Manipulator System via Ant Colony Optimization for Endpoint Acceleration
Authors: Nazri S S Z , Hadi M S , Yatim H M , Talib M H Ab , Darus I Z M
Published: December 2021

The application of flexible manipulators has increased in recent years especially in the fourth industrial revolution. It plays a significant role in a diverse range of fields, such as construction automation, environmental applications, space engineering and many more. Due to the lightweight, lower inertia and high flexibility of flexible manipulators, undesired vibration may occur and affect the precision of operation. Therefore, development of an accurate model of the flexible manipulator was presented prior to establishing active vibration control to suppress the vibration and increase efficiency of the system. In this study, flexible manipulator system was modelled using the input and output experimental data of the endpoint acceleration. The model was developed by utilizing intelligence algorithm via ant colony optimization (ACO), commonly known as a population-based trail-following behaviour of real ants based on autoregressive with exogenous (ARX) model structure. The performance of the algorithm was validated based on three robustness methods known as lowest mean square error (MSE), correlation test within 95% confidence level and pole zero stability. The simulation results indicated that ACO accomplished superior performance by achieving lowest MSE of 2.5171×10−7 for endpoint acceleration. In addition, ACO portrayed correlation tests within 95% confidence level and great pole-zero stability.
8D Problem Solving Methodology: Continuous Improvement in Automation Organization
Authors: Elangovan S , Jusoh M S , Muhd Yusuf D H , Ismail M S , Hj Din M S
Published: December 2021

The Eight Disciplines (8D) is a problem-solving technique methodology to identify the root cause of a problem, devise a short-term fix and implement a long-term solution to prevent recurring problems. 8D is a remarkable first step to enhancing Quality and Reliability when the product is defective or not satisfying the customer. The study was conducted in a manufacturing company producing and assembly wire harness. The data was collected for a period of Three months from July 2020 to September 2020, to identify defective percentage of wire harness and they were found to be high at the average rate of 51.39%. In this work the objective was set to investigates quality issues and provides a solution to reduce the rejection of wiring harness mainly in crimping process. In order to achieve this, 8D problem solving technique was used to analyze and solve the problem. Then, Pareto analysis was done to identify vital causes contributing defectives. From the Pareto analysis, it was found that functioning contact crimp condition with percentage 66.67% is the major cause for rejection. Further brainstorming sessions was held to identify the root causes. After the brainstorming session, cause and effect diagram was constructed and it was found to be variation in the that the connector near cable chain is moving area. Thus, the wire assembly with too high radius may caused external force to the wires when machine running with speed and the end of wire may break off when the wire stretched. The suggestions to reduce the rejection percentage were to install mounting bracket prevent wires shaking when machine running and use proper crimp tools. After implementing the suggestion, the total rejection for wire harness particularly contact crimp condition was reduced to 0.93% in December 2020, from average rejection of 66.67%. (3 months data).
Response Surface Analysis of DIB Nozzle Geometry on Acoustic Power Level using Central Composite Design of Experiment
Authors: Hidayat Mat Mohamad Nur , Md Basir Md Faisal , Asmuin Nor Zelawati
Published: December 2021

The critical process parameters in manufacturing dry ice blasting nozzle geometry directly related to particle jet velocity. Many studies focused on its performance without considering the noise emission due to high operating pressure. This paper, a numerical simulation study was performed using Ansys Fluent to investigate the effect of nozzle geometry of single-hose dry ice blasting on the acoustic power level. The process of modelling the two-way mass momentum and energy exchange between two phases was successfully solved iteratively in the two-way mass momentum model and the energy exchange between the two phases. It was found that the value of noise emission reaches a maximum level when the shortest convergent angle of 20° with a minimal convergent length of 50 mm and a maximum length of 300 mm is introduced. Besides, the peak value of acoustic power level swell up to 146 dB occurs at a nozzle area ratio of 20 without influencing by convergent angle and extending the divergent length highly influencing noise reduction as less than 143.5 dB for a divergent length of 700 mm.
Quality Improvement in Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPCB) Using DMAIC Methodology: An Investigation in Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Shamsudin S N A , Jusoh M S , Rosli A G M , Ismail M S , Hj Din M S
Published: December 2021

Continuous Process Improvement is methodology to solve the defect problem by increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the business performances. DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analysis-Improve-Control) is a data improvement cycle designed for business process to find flaw or inefficiencies particularly resulting in defect or reject. This study was conducted at Company A and used DMAIC method to reduce the open defect for the circuit on the Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPCB) from 0.6% to 0.3%. Part 13236 which has the highest open defect problem was chosen as the project improvement main focus. Imaging area was the main focus in this project because of its process forming the circuit. DMAIC methodology are initiated by problem identification through the past record of the open defect. The result observed for period of four months. After improvement, Part 13236 that have the highest defect decrease from 0.68% to 0.28% while the overall open defect decreases from 0.6% to 0.3%. The decline on product defect rate helps the company to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of business performances. It also results in cost saving which improves company’s profit margin in the long term.
Deep Learning to Handle Congestion in Vehicle Routing Problem: A Review
Authors: Satyananda D , Abdullah A
Published: December 2021

This paper reviews the implementation design of Deep Learning in Vehicle Routing Problem. Congestion and traffic condition are usually avoided in Vehicle Routing Problem due to its modeling complexity, and even the benchmark datasets only cover essential conditions. In the real situation, the traffic condition is varied, and congestion is the worst part. To model the real life, the delivery route must consider these situations. The vehicle needs information on traffic prediction in future time to avoid congestion. The prediction needs historical traffic data, which is very large. Deep Learning can handle the enormous size and extract data features to infer the prediction.
Design and Analysis of Auto-Plastering Machine
Authors: Zulhazreen M , Goh C H , Tan W J , Law J C , Radhwan H , Dawi M S I M , Farizuan M , Asyahid W A R
Published: December 2021

Nowadays contractors in Malaysia is still using the traditional way in the process of plastering wall. This traditional way not only wastes time, less efficiency and low production but also high in human intensity. Based on the innovation and creativeness, this research is to design an Auto-Plastering Machine. The Auto-Plastering Machine can improve the operation rate is much quicker compared to the traditional method due to less labor with experienced or non-experiences workers able to be used. This machine helps contractors in the construction industry of a building or dwelling in improving the efficiency of time and smoothen plaster finishing. It will perform well compare to the traditional plasterwork process.
Removal of Tartrazine Dye Using Kyllinga Brevifolia Extract And Silver Nanoparticles As Catalysts
Authors: Azhar Azzam Saiful , Wan Kamis Wan Zuraida , Hamid Haslinda Abdul , Abu Kassim Nur Fadzeelah , Isa Norain
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of kyllinga brevifolia (KB) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as catalysts in the removal of tartrazine dye. The experiment was carried out in batch mode. Different parameter such as temperature, initial concentration, contact time and pH were studied. It was found that the equilibrium was achieved in 20 min and the optimum pH was 2. The removal of dye highest at 80 °C, which is 64%. From an initial concentration of 60 ppm and onwards, the removal efficiency of dye was the most (62.34%) when compared to other intial concentrations. The use of a AgNPs as catalyst increases the removal efficiency 20.68% more effective than without a catalyst. Significant of this study is to show the effect of AgNPs as catalyst in tartrazine dye removal from wastewater.
Direct Current (DC) Motor Speed and Direction Controller
Authors: Shaharudin Nurshahirah , Hasan Mohd Zamri , Noor Syatirah Mohd
Published: December 2021

The direct current motor is an important drive configuration for many applications across a wide range of power and speeds. It has variable characteristics and is used extensively in variable-speed drives. The goals of this project are to control the direction and speed of a Direct Current (DC) motor. Due to the advancement of wireless technology, there are several communication devices introduced such as GSM, Wi-Fi, ZIGBEE and Bluetooth. Each of the connections has its own unique specification and application. Among these wireless connections, Bluetooth technology is often implemented and can be sent from the mobile phone at a distance of 10 meters. The speed control was implemented using Bluetooth technology to provide communication access from a smartphone. Instead, the ARDUINO UNO platform can be used to quickly promote electronic systems. And an electronics technique is called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used to achieve speed control, and this technique generates high and low pulses, then these pulses vary the speed in the motor. In order to control this PWM pulse, variable resistors are used and depend on it the speed of the DC motor will increase or decrease. The variable resistor is adjusting to varying the speed of the motor, and the higher the resistance the lower the speed of the motor rotates. The direction of the motor is controlled by the relay by giving and giving a command on the virtual terminal. The speed of the motor is directly proportional to the resistance as the speed increased after the resistance also increased and vice versa. The significance of this study is practical and highly feasible from the economic point of view and has the advantage of running the motor at a higher rating in term of a reliable, durable, accurate and efficient way of controlling speed and direction control.
Non-Destructive Measurement and Evaluation of Surface Cracks Using Ultrasonic Rayleigh Waves – A Review
Authors: Hishamuddin Muhamad Akmal Haziq , Mohd Zin Shahruddin Mahzan , Yusup Eliza M
Published: December 2021

Quality control and inspection methods have become a critical challenge in everyday situations of the engineering profession. This is due to the evolution of the materials used today in industry and also increasingly complex and critical nature of many of the products and structures produced with them. Ultrasonic measurement is widely used especially in oil and gas and aerospace industries. This method is used because it is effective and not involving damaging the original parts. In ultrasonic measurement there are few types of waves emitted and where one of it is Rayleigh wave or mostly known as surface wave. Surface waves are generated when longitudinal waves intersects a surface near to the second critical angle. This review paper will describe about the types of waves emitted and produce and also some of the research that has been done related to the surface wave. This research can contribute to green environment because it reduces waste by suggesting the uses of Perspex.
Substitution of Fly Ash as Mineral Filler in Wearing Course of Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Ab Manaf Mohd Badrul Hisyam , Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al , Razak Rafiza Abdul , Ahmad Muhammad Munsif , Rahim Mustaqqim Abdul , Tuan Muda Sharifah Nurfarhana
Published: December 2021

Fly Ash (FA) is one of the sustainable materials to substitute Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was found commercialized in construction field but the usage in HMA pavement is limited. Thus, this study is important to promote FA as a sustainable filler instead of using OPC to reduce greenhouse gases. The primary aim is to investigate the Marshall Stability of HMA that incorporating of OPC and FA as filler. In addition, Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) determination also conducted in this study. Marshall Stability test was conducted based on ASTM 2006 for both mixtures. The parameters gained from the test are the stability, flow, air void in mix (VIM), void filled bitumen (VFB) and stiffness being used to OBC. The OBC for HMA with OPC filler obtained is 5.06% meanwhile for HMA with FA is 4.79%. All Marshall Parameters was complied with of Malaysia Public Work Department (PWD) Standard for both mixtures. The HMA with FA filler give better results for all parameters. Based on OBC percentage, usage of asphalt binder was reduced at 0.29%. Thus, it was more economical if using FA compared with OPC as a filler. Furthermore, HMA with FA filler have better stability and strength as well as lesser deformation with HMA with OPC filler. For the overall, FA have huge potential in substituting other mineral filler to produce better quality of asphalt pavement.
Model Development in Predicting Academic Performance of Students Based on Self-Efficacy Using K-Means Clustering
Authors: Sabri Mohammad Zahid Mohammad , Majid Nazatul Aini Abd , Hanawi Siti Aishah
Published: December 2021

Many prediction models have been developed using data mining tools in order to predict the performance of the students at the early stage. The academic performance of higher education students commonly was predicted based on their results in the end of the previous semester or during the semester like test score or mid-term exam. However, there is lack of models that emphasize the use of data related to student’s behaviour for predicting the academic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the use of self-efficacy behaviour data to predict the academic performance of students using principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering (KMC). This study focuses on the first part of the prediction which is model development. In the model development phase, the number of variables were reduced from 20 into two by using PCA. The scores for the first two principal components were clustered by using KMC. The results show that the scores can be clustered into three main clusters to differentiate the student’s self-efficacy behaviour. Next research will investigate the underlying causes of the clusters in order to predict the risky students.
A Review of Breast Cancer Histopathological Image Classification
Authors: Huang Lei , Zain Azlan Mohd , Zhou Kai-Qing , Chen Chang-Feng
Published: December 2021

Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor for women in the world. Histopathological examination serves as basis for breast cancer diagnosis. Due to the low accuracy of histopathological images through manual judgment, the classification of histopathological images of breast cancer has become a research hotspot in the field of medical image processing. Accurate classification of images can help doctors to properly diagnoses and improve the survival rate of patients. This paper reviews the existing works on histopathological image classification of breast cancer and analysis the advantages and disadvantages of related algorithms. Findings of the histopathological image classification of the Breast Cancer study are drawn, and the possible future directions are also discussed.
Distinct Detection of Ganoderma Boninense On Metal Oxides-Gold Nanoparticle Composite Deposited Interdigitated Electrode DNA sensor
Authors: Thivina V , Hashim U , Gopinath S C B , Ayoib A , Nordin N K S , Uda M N A , Afnan Uda M N
Published: December 2021

Oil palms suffer severe losses due toGanoderma boninenseinfection that causes Basal Stem Rot (BSR). The available detection measuring the severity of BSR disease have not proved satisfactory output. Due to the influence of oil palm industry in country’s economy, effective and efficient means of diagnostic measure is mandatory. Among the available diagnostic tools, biosensors were redeemed to yield the most rapid and selective results. To overcome the current issues, herein Interdigitated Electrode (IDE) electrochemical DNA biosensor to detectGanoderma boninensewas successfully designed and fabricated by thermal deposition. Lift-off photolithography fabrication process was applied followed by the surface chemical functionalization via seed deposition. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) were overlaid and the functionalized metal oxides IDE surfaces were used to detect DNA sequence complementation fromGanoderma boninense. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles were doped to increase the surface to volume ratio and enhance biocompatibility. Characterizations were made by validating the sensor’s topology characteristics and electrical characteristics. From the results recorded, it has been justified that IDE with ZnO doped with gold nanoparticles surface serves as an excellent DNA sensor for the detection ofGanoderma boninensewith a remarkable current of 290 nA and 176 nA for immobilization and hybridization respectively.
Electrical Characterisation of Polypyrrole Thin Film Conducting Polymer
Authors: Syamimi N , Yahud S
Published: December 2021

It is known that organic acids doped Polypyrrole (PPy) will conduct electricity, and the electrical characteristics of the polymer is presented in this paper. The PPy is deposited on a glass substrate using a spin coater, resulted in a thin film with of 0.0823 μm thickness. The I/V characteristics of the PPy thin film were measured using two-point and four-point probe at room temperature. The finding shows that the I/V characteristic is nonlinear. Comparison between these two methods is further explored, and statistically it shows that there is no mean difference between the two methods. Hence, it helps in designing future experiment to measure I/V characteristics at elevated temperature.
Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Food Packaging Defect Classification using Local Binary Pattern (LBP)
Authors: Sabri N , Abdull Hamed H N , Isa M A , Ghazali N S , Ibrahim Z
Published: December 2021

The motivation of this research is to automate the current food packaging inspection process by implementing the non-destructive approach. The current practices require human intervention where human vision tends to overlook the faulty on the package resulting in accuracy dilemma. Human also may be exhausted due to repeated activities. This paper provides the primary phase for effective automation of image classification solution implemented using Weka software. An evaluation of the performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Random Forest (RF) classification models for Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) food packaging defect image classification using a small sample of dataset and Linear Binary Pattern (LBP) as feature extraction algorithm is investigated. Four criteria have been used to evaluate the performance of each classification model which is accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision obtained from the confusion matrix table. The results indicate that SVM performs better than RF and KNN with 95% accuracy, 95% sensitivity, 72% specificity and 95% precision in classifying LDPE food packaging defect images.
Multiple Responses Injection Moulding Parameter Optimisation Via Taguchi Method for Polypropylene-Nanoclay-Gigantochloa
Authors: Rosli M S , Othman M H , Amin Sri Yulis M , Azman M A I
Published: December 2021

Recently, the reinforcement of natural fibres into the polymer has been the main topic due to ecological which can sustain the life of our earth. Natural plant fibre composite has advantages in production in manufacturing product due to biodegradability and environmental protection. The injection moulding process is a major interest within the field of manufacturing technology because of the issue of archive the good quality of the product while minimizing the defect of the product that has been produced. Therefore, this research purpose describes the effects of gigantochloa scortechinii (natural fibre) mix with the polypropylene-nanoclay by using multiple objective optimisations for instance Taguchi Orthogonal Array method for injection moulding processing condition towards multiple responses such as melt flow index, flexural strength, warpage, and shrinkage. The compounding material used in this research is polypropylene, nanoclay, the compatibilizer which is polypropylene graft maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA), and gigantochloa scortechinii which known as bamboo fibre. For comparison purpose, the contents of natural fibre selected are 0wt.%, 3wt.% and 6wt.% towards the processing condition which are packing pressure, melt temperature, screw speed and filling time. Based on the signal to noise ratio analysis results, the highest value of S/NQP is at 6wt.% which is 160.6451 dBi followed by 3wt.% (158.1919 dBi) and 0wt.% (134.8150 dBi). Furthermore, the most influential parameter changed with the existence of Gigantochloa Scortechinii from melt temperature into packing pressure. In conclusion, the optimum values for multiple responses have been affected by the present of Gigantochloa Scortechinii.
Effect of Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) as Reinforcement in Polyvinyl Alcohol/CNF Biocomposite
Authors: Ulaganathan Rathesh Kumaran , Senusi Nur Aiman Mohamad , Noor An’Amt Mohamed , Abdullah Wan Nazwanie Wan , Amin Mohamad Asyraf Mohd , Razab Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul , Ismardi Abrar , Abdullah Nor Hakimin
Published: December 2021

This research was targeted to use the planetary ball milling method to extract cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from commercial microcrystalline cellulose and also to utilize the obtained extracted cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as reinforcement in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin film. The effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) on the mechanical and physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin films was investigated. As a result of the study, we found that the thin film’s tensile strength is good, and the surface morphology of the CNFs suspension enhances the bonding between the PVA and the reinforcement. Tyndall effect was accurate with the visible light scattering through CNF suspension, and the CNF/PVA thin film exhibited transparent thin film. In contrast, the CNF/PVA composite’s mechanical and physical properties are good due to the excellent dispersion and absence of agglomeration of CNFs. The prepared PVA/CNF biocomposite would be a suitable candidate to be implemented as biodegradable food packaging material.
Relationship between Density and Early Compressive Strength of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SIFCON)
Authors: Rahim Mustaqqim Abdul , Jonq Lim Jiann , Ayob Afizah , Anuar Shamilah Anudai , Bawadi Nor Faizah , Ibrahim Norlia Muhamad , Shahidan Shahiron , Ahmad Ahmad Nur Aizat , Wahab Roshasmawi Abdul
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to study the physical and mechanical characteristics of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Reinforced Concrete with fiber percentage volume of 5% and lower. For the testing of physical characteristics of the concrete, density test been conducted. For the testing of mechanical characteristics, compression test used to determine strength of concrete sample. The density of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Reinforced Concrete increased when the usage of steel fiber percentage volume increases from 1% to 5%, nevertheless when compared to density of ordinary concrete, ordinary concrete is denser. For the significant of study, the mechanical properties of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Reinforced Concrete, compressive strength increased when the fiber content increases from 1% to 5% percentage volume.
High Gain Transformer-less DC/AC Inverter for PV System
Authors: Zunnurain I A , Hariz M F , Ilham S M , Kimpol N , Anuar M N K , Yumi K M
Published: December 2021

Investigation interests on many scientific aspects of photovoltaic (PV) trans-former-less inverter system has improved over the past decade. Using step-up transformer or high frequency transformer in electrical system has made the entire system expensive and voluminous. There is alternative topology to replace the transformer by implementing DC/DC quadratic boost converter to expand the voltage from 12VDC
to 325VDC
from the photovoltaic (PV) solar and convert it to AC applying H-bridge inverter circuit. This method will replace the conventional method of bulky transformer into a lighter converter with the same performance. The circuit is simulated using Power Sim (PSIM) software to initiate the design and study the circuit capability. The experimental result will project the exact voltage in the range of 230VACrms
. The harmonic profile of the inverter is studies and compared with the normal inverter configuration.
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Iron by Nitrate Reducing Bacillus Sp
Authors: Mohd Zaidi Muhammad Aiman Faiz , Masri Mohammad Najmi , Kew Wee Seng
Published: December 2021

Iron has played a crucial role in the human ecosystem currently in transportation, manufacturing, and infrastructure. Iron oxide is known as rust, usually the reddish-brown oxide formed by iron and oxygen reactions in moisture from water or air. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a significant problem to the economic damage, especially in industrial sectors and its direct presence with nitrate/iron-reducing bacteria. This paper aims to explore the MIC of iron by nitrate-reducing Bacillus sp. including the redox reaction occurs, microbiologically influenced corrosion, iron/nitrate-reducing and mechanisms of microbial iron/nitrate reduction.
Exploring Pupil Position as An Eye-Tracking Feature for Four-Class Emotion Classification In VR
Authors: Lim Jia Zheng , Mountstephens James , Teo Jason
Published: December 2021

This paper presented a preliminary investigation of a novel approach on emotion recognition using pupil position in Virtual Reality (VR). We explore pupil position as an eye-tracking feature for four-class emotion classification according to the four-quadrant model of emotions via a presentation of 360° videos in VR. A total of ten subjects participated in this emotional experiment. A 360° video with four sessions of stimulation of emotions will be presented in VR to evoke the user’s emotions. The eye data were recorded and collected using Pupil Labs eye-tracker and the emotion classification was done by using pupil position solely. The classifier used in this investigation is the Support Vector Machine (SVM) machine learning algorithm. The results showed that the best accuracy achieved from this four-class random classification was 59.19%.
Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Water Absorption Properties of Coconut Shell Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites
Authors: Abdullah A , Abu Bakar M B , Mohd S H , Masri M N
Published: December 2021

Coconut shell (CS) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites have been prepared by using hand lay-up and compression molding techniques. To improve fiber-matrix adhesion, the CS was chemically treated by two chemical treatments, which are alkali (NaOH) and alkali-silane with concentration NaOH (6%) and silane (2%). To enhance the performance of CS-UPE composites, graphene nano platelets (GNP) was also added as nanofiller. The water absorption tests were conducted to characterize the physical properties of the composites. The result shows that water absorption increases with the increasing GNP. The more adding of GNP fillers’ weight percentages, the higher the water absorption will be getting.
Influence of Preparation Method on Properties of Natural Rubber/Sepiolite Composites
Authors: Jitsopin Patiwarada , Masa Abdulhakim , Hayeemasae Nabil , Mohamad Rasidi Mohamad Syahmie
Published: December 2021

Natural rubber (NR) composites filled with various sepiolite loadings were prepared and optimized by two different mixing methods, namely, melt mixing and latex mixing methods. The properties were evaluated through viscosity, stress relaxation, curing behaviors and tensile properties of rubber composites. The viscosity was influenced by sepiolite content and mixing methods. The greater interaction between rubber and sepiolite was obtained from melt mixing method. This reflected to the greater tensile strength found in this method. Considering the content of sepiolite, similar trend was observed for the curing properties and elongation at break. The greatest tensile strength was observed when the sepiloite content was at 1 phr.
Evaluation of 20 kV Distribution Network Losses In Radial Distribution Systems Due to Distributed Generation Penetration
Authors: Arnawan H , Muzamir I , Mohd I Y , Siti R A R , Hadi S
Published: December 2021

The installation of distributed generation with renewable energy becomes a solution when the demand for electricity is increasing and electricity generation with fossil energy is increasingly limited. There has been a change in power flow before and after the installation of distributed generation. However there can be a negative impact on the distribution network losses applicable to reactive power flows. There are cases where the distributed generation capacity is greater than the supplied load, resulting in distributed generation operating as a system voltage regulator and requiring reactive power, so that DG will absorb the reactive power from the system. The increasing demand for reactive power in DG also causes an increase in the current flowing in the network, and causes an increase in losses in the network, especially for the losses in reactive power.
Integration of Aluminium Interdigitated Electrodes with Zinc Oxide as Nanocomposite for Selectively Detect Alpha-Synuclein for Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Adam Hussaini , Gopinath Subash C. B , Hashim Uda
Published: December 2021

Parkinson’s disease is associated with motor and non-motor symptoms, mostly a motor symptom such as tremor is said to be an early indication for Parkinson’s disease development. Because of higher demands for faster and more precise diagnostic methods, it has sparked trends in the development of a biosensor for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, this study has fabricated a biosensor that is capable of detecting a specific Parkinson’s disease biomarker such as aggregation of alpha synuclein and this is crucial in reducing the burden of Parkinson’s disease and to be able to detect the disease at the earlier stage. Finding the inconsistent aggregation of alpha-synuclein is a promising method for the early detection of Parkinson’s disease. Using conventional photographic process, aluminium interdigitated electrodes (ALIDEs) have been fabricated and employed with sensitive electrochemical strategy for the specific detection of the Parkinson’s disease antigen (alpha synuclein). The microelectrode was developed based on aluminium electrode sputtered on silicon substrate. Further, zinc oxide (ZnO) was deposited by sputtering on the working electrode of the ALIDEs using a spin-coating method. The ZnO nanocomposite onto aluminium microelectrode surface provides a favourable platform for efficient loading of antibody via binding with antigen alpha synuclein. The effective loading of the biomolecules (antibody and antigen) on the ZnO nanocomposite surface modified aluminium microelectrode was observed by SEM, AFM and 3D Profilometer. The current flow for each concentration of alpha synuclein was observed at 7.5×10−6 A (10 fM), 8.8×10−6 A (100 fM), and 8.5×10−6 A (1 pM) respectively.
Temperature measurement methods in an experimental setup during bone drilling: A brief review on the comparison of thermocouple and infrared thermography
Authors: Islam Md Ashequl , Kamarrudin Nur Saifullah , Daud Ruslizam , Ibrahim Ishak , Rahman Anas , Mat Fauziah
Published: December 2021

Predicting thermal response in orthopedic surgery or dental implantation remains a significant challenge. This study aims to find an effective approach for measuring temperature elevation during a bone drilling experiment by analyzing the existing methods. Traditionally thermocouple has frequently been used to predict the bone temperature in the drilling process. However, several experimental studies demonstrate that the invasive method using thermocouple is impractical in medical conditions and preferred the thermal infrared (IR) camera as a non-invasive method. This work proposes a simplified experimental model that uses the thermocouple to determine temperature rise coupled with the thermal image source approach. Furthermore, our new method provides a significant opportunity to calibrate the thermal IR camera by finding out the undetected heat elevation in a workpiece depth.
Morphological Analysis of Fabricated 5.0 μM Interdigitated Electrode (IDE)
Authors: Uda M N A , Gopinath Subash C B , Hashim Uda , Uda M N Afnan , Parmin N A , Halim N H , Hashim M K R , Anbu Periasamy
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research is to study the morphological analysis of fabricated Interdigitated Electrode (IDE). This device electrode was physically characterized using 3D nano profiler, scanning electrode microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Based on this analysis, IDE pattern was analyzed thoroughly based on the IDE pattern specifications with 5 μM finger gap and this research significantly will stand as a platform quantify the biomolecules in further analysis.
Processing and analysis of botanical micro-and macroobjects using computer vision technologies
Authors: Vaganov A V , Krotova O S , Khvorova L A
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the problems of automation of processing and analysis of botanical micro-and macroobjects. The problem is a comprehensive interdisciplinary research aimed at recognizing and searching for botanical micro-and macroobjects using computer vision technologies. Computer vision is an area of artificial intelligence that deals with the analysis and extraction of information from images (in this case, the fern dispute). The purpose of this study is to solve a number of applied and fundamental problems in the biosystematics of botanical objects and the study of microevolutionary processes. The results of the research are stored in a specially developed database “Spore morphology of ferns of the Pteridaceae family”. The database implements a set of queries relevant to biometrics tasks. The database is based on images and biometric data on the morphology of fern spores obtained in the form of measurements of systematically important signs of spores, as well as data on the shape and surface of the studied objects. The diagnostic characters of taxa of the Pteridaceae family have been standardized for solving the research problems. In the course of the study, fundamentally new knowledge was obtained that will supplement the natural classification of the Pteridaceae family, as well as test hypotheses about the relationship of a number of taxa represented on the continents of Eurasia and Africa, for an objective reconstruction of events of past geological periods. Processing and analysis of botanical micro-and macro-objects and the development of specialized software are carried out in the Python programming language using an integrated development environment for Python - PyCharm. When developing the graphical interface of the program, we used the sets of Python libraries PyQt5 and a visual tool for designing and creating graphical user interfaces (GUI) from Qt components - Qt Designer.
A new approach to identifying the local structure of multidimensional chaotic time series
Authors: Makshanov A V , Zhuravlev A E , Tyndykar L N
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the solution of the problems of mathematical supply of decision making during multichannel monitoring of large-scaled systems. The work also deals with space-time dynamics of multidimensional time series of different origins. Highly dynamical chaotic processes whose fine structure cannot be revealed by standard spectral methods are regarded. Technologies for dimension reduction based on data matrix representation on the first singular basis and multiple regression in projections’ space are developed.
Neural networks for classification problem on tabular data
Authors: Nazdryukhin A S , Fedrak A M , Radeev N A
Published: December 2021

This work presents the results of using self-normalizing neural networks with automatic selection of hyperparameters, TabNet and NODE to solve the problem of tabular data classification. The method of automatic selection of hyperparameters was realised. Testing was carried out with the open source framework OpenML AutoML Benchmark. As part of the work, a comparative analysis was carried out with seven classification methods, experiments were carried out for 39 datasets with 5 methods. NODE shows the best results among the following methods and overperformed standard methods for four datasets.