bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide detection and sequence conservation analysis of long non-coding RNA during hair follicle cycle of yak
Authors: Zhang Xiaolan , Bao Qi , Jia Congjun , Li Chen , Chang Yongfang , Wu Xiaoyun , Liang Chunnian , Bao Pengjia , Yan Ping
Published: March 2020

Background: Long non coding RNA (lncRNA) as important regulator has been demonstrated playing an indispensable role in the biological process of hair follicles (HFs) growth. However, their function and expression profile in hair cycling of yak are yet unknown. It only a few functional lncRNAs have been identified, partly due to the low sequence conservation and lack of identified conserved properties in lncRNAs. Here, lncRNA-seq was employed to detect the expression profile of lncRNAs during HFs cycle of yak, and the sequence conservation between yak and cashmere goat during HFs cycle was analyzed. Result: Totally 2884 lncRNAs were identified in five phases (Jan. Mar. Jun. Aug. and Oct.) during HFs cycle of yak. We then performed differential expression analysis between three phases (Jan. Mar. and Oct.) finding that 198 differently expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were obtained in Oct-vs-Jan, 280 DELs were obtained in Jan-vs-Mar, and 340 DELs were obtained in Mar-vs-Oct. Subsequently, the nearest genes of DELs were used to explore the potential function of lncRNAs by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, several critical pathways involved in HFs development such as Wnt signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway and Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells were enriched. To further screen key lncRNAs influencing in HFs cycle, twenty-four sequence conserved DELs were obained via comparison analysis of partial DELs with previously published lncRNA-seq data of cashmere goat in HFs cycle by NCBI blast-2.9.0+, and the limited degree of sequence conservation of lncRNAs were observed. Conclusion: Our study expanded the knowledge about lncRNAs affecting on hair cycling, and the finding related to sequence conservation properties of lncRNAs between two species at the specific trait- HFs cycle will likely provide valuable insights into the study of lncRNAs functionality and mechanism.
DPDDI: a Deep Predictor for Drug-Drug Interactions
Authors: Yue-Hua Feng , Shao-Wu Zhang , Jian-Yu Shi
Published: March 2020

Background— The treatment of complex diseases taking multiple drugs becomes popular. However, drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may give rise to the risk of unanticipated adverse effects and even unknown toxicity.As DDI detection in the wet lab is expensive and time-consuming, computational DDIs prediction based on machine learning becomes a promising approach due to its low cost and fast running.Generally, most of the existing computational approaches construct drug features from diverse drug properties, which are costly obtained and not available in many cases. Result— To address this issue, by organizing DDIs a network, we propose a novel predicting approach, which can without drug property.It consists of a feature extractor based on graph convolution network(GCN) as well as a predictor based on deep neural network (DNN). The formercharacterizes drugs in a graph embedding space, where each drugwasrepresented as a low-dimensional latent feature vector capturing the topological relationship to its neighborhood drugs by GCN. The latter concatenates latent feature vectors of any two drugsas the feature vector of the corresponding drug pairs and trains a DNN to predict potential interactions. In the experiments, we first demonstrate that our DNN-based predictor greatly outperforms the inner product-based predictor in the original GCN, and our network-derived latent feature greatly outperforms other features derived from chemical, biological or anatomicalproperties of drugs. Then, we indicate the over-optimistic prediction caused by down-sampling unlabeled drug pairs and validate the robustness of our approach to different datasets w.r.t. drug number, DDI number, and network sparsity. Moreover, the comparison with four state-of-the-art approaches using drug properties demonstrates the significant superiority of our approach under 5-fold cross-validation. Finally, a novel prediction validates its potentials in a real predicting scenario with finding 13 verified DDI out of the top 20 unlabeled candidates. Conclusion — We propose a simple but robust method DPDDI to predicting novel DDIs, which canwork without drug property. It can be expected that DPDDI can be helpful in other DDI-related scenarios, such as the detection of unexpected side effects, and the guidance of drug combination.
Inhibition of Notch pathway enhances the anti-tumor effect of docetaxel in prostate cancer stem-like cells
Authors: Wang Lei , Zi Hao , Luo Yi , Liu Tongzu , Zheng Hang , Xie Conghua , Wang Xinghuan , Huang Xing
Published: March 2020

Background: Prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs) likely participate in tumor progression and recurrence, and demonstrate resistance to chemotherapy. The Notch pathway plays a role in the maintenance of the stemness in PCSCs. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Notch signaling inhibition as an adjuvant to docetaxel (DOX) in PCSCs.Methods: PCSCs derived from PC-3 cell line were examined for Notch-1 expression. The effect of Notch inhibition on response to DOX was evaluated in PCSCs in vitro and in murine models using a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), PF-03084014. Impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and sphere formation were evaluated.Results: PC-3 PCSCs expressed elevated Notch-1 mRNA compared with PC-3 parental cells. The combination of GSI with DOX promoted DOX induced cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and sphere formation in PCSCs. In nude mice bearing PC-3 PCSCs-derived tumors, the combination of GSI and DOX reduced the tumor growth, which was associated with the decreased Notch-1 expression in tumor tissues.Conclusions: These results reveal that inhibition of Notch pathway enhances the anti-tumor effect of DOX in PC-3 PCSCs, and suggest that Notch inhibition may have clinical benefits in targeting PCSCs.
Providing calves different feed source early in life would not affect feed sorting and rumen fermentation for a long term
Authors: Xiao Jianxin , Khan Muhammad Zahoor , Alugongo Gibson Maswayi , Wang Wei , Wang Yajing , Cao Zhijun , Li Shengli
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to investigate the short and long-term effect of early in life exposure to different feed sources on feed sorting and rumen fermentation of calves. Forty newborn female Holstein calves were randomly divided based on supplementation of concentrate (CON) or hay (HAY) only during the milk-feeding stage (d 1 to 56). After that, all calves were offered a total mixed ration (TMR) containing 43% of forage and 57% of concentrate until the end of the experiment (d 57 to 196). Calves were weighed immediately after birth and raised in individual hutches until d 70. The calves were then transferred to a heifer barn, housed within treatment in pairs (2 calves/pen). Rectal temperature, feed intake, body weight, body structural measurement, fecal and cough score were recorded ranges from day 1 to 196. Fresh and orts feed were sampled daily at the first two weeks (d 57-70) once TMR was offered and at the last week of the experiment (d 190 to 196) for analysis of feed sorting. Rumen fluid samples were collected at ranges from d 14-190 for detecting rumen pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations. Our findings showed that early feed exposure did not influence calf health and growth performance but affected feed sorting in a short period. Upon transition to the same mixed diet, differences were found between treatments in the sorting of the different particle fractions. At week 9 and 10, calves early exposed to concentrates began to sort for fine particle fraction (primarily concentrate in this fraction), and against the long particle fraction (solely forage in this fraction), whereas calves early fed hay sorted for the long particle fraction, and against the fine particle fraction. However, no carryover effect was found, the differences between treatments fade away when detecting feed sorting at the last week, all calves sorted for short and fine particle fractions, and sort against long and medium particle fractions. Although the pattern of feed sorting initially differed between treatments, the rumen pH and VFA concentration were not altered once all calves transitioned to a TMR. These results suggested that the feed familiarity established early in life would not affect diet selection and rumen fermentation in heifer later in life, the dietary experience after transition to same TMR would eventually override the effect of early feed experience.
Multidimensional Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Exercises for Cardiovascular Disease: A Protocol for Systemic Review.
Authors: Xu NingYang , Zhang Fan , Li Hang , Liu Yue , Wang Mei , Dang BoYi , Guan XueFeng
Published: March 2020

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the No. 1 leading cause of death worldwide and its mortality is still on the rise. Cumulative studies suggest that Traditional Chinese Exercises (TCEs), such as Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Qi Gong, benefit cardiopulmonary function. In this study, we proposed a meta-analysis protocol to systemically review the benefits of TCEs for CVD using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as the outcome measures. Methods: Randomized controlled studies on TCEs as a rehabilitation strategy for CVD patients and published till Dec. 2019 will be searched from eleven databases. Benefits of TCEs will be further grouped according to the ICF checklist, the subgroups of TCEs are to address heterogeneity. Study selection and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. Data analysis will be performed using Review Manager software, and the risk of bias will be assessed using Cochrane criteria. Results: Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated electronically and in print. Conclusion: Using ICF as the reference, this study will provide novel insights on the value of TCEs as a rehabilitation approach for CVD patients. The results will help clinicians to design rehabilitation programs and select appropriate TCEs optimal for CVD patients. The protocol is applying for registration on PROSPERO. Figure A will prove.
LncRNA DCST1-AS1 downregulates miR-29b through methylation in glioblastoma (GBM) to promote cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Hu Sheng , Yao Yiqun , Hu Xiao , Zhu Yongjian
Published: March 2020

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of brain cancer, owing to the high mortality rate. We in this study analyzed the role of DCST1-AS1 in glioblastoma (GBM).Methods: QuantiTect Reverse Transcription Kit (QIAGEN) was used, with RNA samples as template to synthesize cDNA. Results: It is observed that upregulation of DCST1-AS1 in GBM predicted poor survival. MiR-29b was downregulated in GBM and inversely correlated with the expression of DCST1-AS1. In GBM cells, DCST1-AS1 overexpression led to the downregulation of miR-29b and the increased methylation level of miR-29b gene. Cell proliferation analysis showed that DCST1-AS1 overexpression led to increased cell proliferation rate. Moreover, DCST1-AS1 overexpression significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-29b on cancer cell proliferation. Conclusions: DCST1-AS1 may downregulate miR-29b through methylation in GBM to promote cancer cell proliferation.
Glycerophospholipids as Potential Serum Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injuries
Authors: Li Daniel , Saykin Andrew J. , Li Wei
Published: March 2020

Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have become a significant healthcare issue in the United States of America. Despite the existence of some neuroimaging techniques, a sensitive and reliable serum biomarker is desirable regarding to diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic evaluation of patients with a history of TBI. Methods: Using data collected from participants of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, different analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to determine if glycerophospholipids could be potential serum biomarkers for patients with TBI. Results: Three phosphatidylcholines: PC.aa.C30.0, PC.aa.C38.5, and PC.aa.C40.5 as well as one lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC.a.C18.1) were identified to be potential serum biomarkers for TBI. The PC.aa.C30.0 serum level was higher in the TBI group than the non-TBI group. By contrast, the serum levels of PC.aa.C38.5 and PC.aa.C40.5 were lower in the TBI group than the non-TBI group. The LysoPC.a.C18.1 serum level was mainly determined by the cognitive status at baseline (a worse baseline cognition status associates with a lower level of LysoPC.a.C18.1). In participants with normal cognition, a significantly higher LysoPC.a.C18.1 serum level was seen in participants with than those without a history of TBI. Conclusions: Four glycerophospholipids are suggested to be potential TBI serum biomarkers. Among them, the LysoPC.a.C18.1 could function as a TBI serum biomarker for those without an abnormal cognition.
Complex Interaction of Hb Q-Thailand with α and β Thalassemia in a Hakka Family
Authors: Zheng Lin , Huang Hailong , Wu Xiaoqing , Shen Qingmei , Chen Meihuan , Wang Meiying , Su Linjuan , Xu Liangpu
Published: March 2020

Background HbQ-Thailand is an α-globin chain variant that results from a point mutation at codon 74 of the α1-globin gene on chromosome 16p. It commonly appears with a leftward single α-globin gene deletion (-α 4.2 ). There have been few reports regarding the interaction between HbQ-Thailand and other globin gene disorders. Here we found and diagnosed it in the Hakka population of the Fujian Province, China. The study provides an important reference for the clinic diagnose and genetic counseling of thalassemia and hemoglobin diseases. Methods Fresh peripheral blood samples were collected from the proband and her family members testing hematological parameters, hemoglobin components, thalassemia gene, and hemoglobin variants. Results The proband (II1) and her sister (II5) manifested in the obvious microcytic hypochromic anaemia. The CE electropherogram of II1 showed an abnormal band in the migration time at 185 s, which was confirmed as HbQ-Thailand. Another exception band appeared at 250 s of migration time and was proved to be HbE by sequence analysis method. The CE electropherogram of I1 and II3 showed an anomalous band HbE. The mother of the proband (I2) and the III4 and III5 of the family members showed a HbQ-Thailand. The gene results showed that the father (I1) also carried α- and β-thalassemia genes. His genotype was -- SEA and β codons26 ; -- SEA was inherited to II1, II 3, II5, III 1, and III2, and β codons26 was inherited to II1 and II3. The mother (I2) carries the -α 4.2 gene, which was inherited to II1, II5, III4, and III5. Conclusion It was complex to diagnose when the thalassemia combined with several abnormal haemoglobin disorders, and we may use various methods to mutual confirmation. Here we found and diagnosed a rare hemoglobin disease in the Hakka population of the Fujian Province. The study provides an important reference for the clinic diagnose and genetic counseling.
Morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients with invasive Group A streptococcus infection: an observational study
Authors: Björck Viveka , Påhlman Lisa I , Bodelsson Mikael , Petersson Ann_Cathrine , Kander Thomas
Published: March 2020

Background Group A streptococci (GAS) are known to cause serious invasive infections but little is known about outcomes when patients with these infections are admitted to intensive care. We wanted to describe critically ill patients with severe sepsis or septic shock due to invasive GAS (iGAS) and compare them with other patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Methods Adult patients admitted to a general intensive care unit (ICU) in Sweden (2007-2019) were screened for severe sepsis or septic shock according to Sepsis 2 definition. Individuals with iGAS infection were identified. The outcome variables were mortality, days alive and free of vasopressors and invasive mechanical ventilation, maximum acute kidney injury score for creatinine, use of continuous renal replacement therapy and maximum sequential organ failure assessment score during the ICU stay. Age, simplified acute physiology score (SAPS 3) and iGAS were used as independent, explanatory variables in regression analysis. Cox regression was used for survival analyses. Results iGAS was identified in 53 of 1021 (5.2%) patients. Patients with iGAS presented lower median SAPS 3 score (62 [56–72]) vs 71 [61–81]), p < 0.001), had a higher frequency of cardiovascular cause of admission to the ICU (38 [72%] vs 145 [15%], p < 0.001) and had a higher median creatinine score (173 [100–311] vs 133 [86–208] µmol/L, p < 0.019). Of the GAS isolates, 50% were serotyped emm 1/T1 and this group showed signs of more pronounced circulatory and renal failure than patients with non- emm 1/T1, ( p = 0.036 and p = 0.007, respectively). After correction for severity of illness (SAPS 3) and age, iGAS infection was associated with lower mortality risk; 95% confidence interval (CI) of hazard ratio (HR) 0.204–0.746, p < 0.001. Morbidity analyses demonstrated that iGAS patients were more likely to develop renal failure. Conclusion Critically ill patients with iGAS infection had a lower mortality risk but a higher degree of renal failure compared to similarly ill sepsis patients. emm 1/T1 was found to be the most dominant serotype and patients with emm1 /T1 demonstrated more circulatory and renal failure than patients with other serotypes of iGAS.
Clinical course and progression of severe and critically ill patients with corona virus disease 2019
Authors: Ding Dan , Chen Xueying , Zhang Lei , Zhou Min , Xu Yongjian , Zhao Jianping , Zhou Ying , Wang Yi
Published: March 2020

Background：The emergence of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 is a major public health issue, causing to a large global outbreak. However, the information regarding the clinical characteristic and progression of severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 is scarce.Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study and enrolled 126 severe and critically ill adult patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Tongji hospital, between Feb 1 and Feb 20, 2020.Results: Of 126 patients, 85 patients with the positive of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included. The mean age of 85 patients was 68.3 (SD 10.5) years. More than half were men, 55 (62.4%) had chronic illness. 57 (66.3%) patients had died before Feb 28, 2020. the median duration from onset of illness to death, hospitalization to death and ICU admission to death were 22 (17.0-26.0) days, 9.0 (6.0-13.0) days and 5.0 (2.0-6.0) days, respectively. Compared with survivors, non-survivors were more likely old (69.6 [SD 10.22] vs 65.6 [10.9]). Furthermore, the non-survivors had higher white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil count, neutrophil percentage, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lower lymphocyte and platelet count, lymphocyte percentage and albumin. Notably, arbidol may improve the survival of severe and critically ill patients.Conclusions: Our study reveals the non-survivors had worse blood routine and other clinical monitors. Additionally, arbidol may play useful role in the survival of severe and critically ill patients, which needs further validation.
Evaluation of the liver function by the liver parenchyma, spleen and portal vein signal intensity during the hepatobiliary phase with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhang Yue , Zhao Wenlu , Cheng Wen , Wang Han , Guo Shengren
Published: March 2020

Background: Assessment of liver function is essential for the treatment and prognosis of patients with cirrhosis, previous studies used signal intensity of hepatobiliary phase to reflect liver function on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MR imaging. But none of these studies has conducted a unified study on liver, spleen and portal vein. Thus, the aim of this study is to conduct a unified study, investigate whether they can be used to evaluate the liver function in patients with cirrhosis and find out which one is better.Methods: A total of 120 patients with normal (n = 41), Child–Pugh class A (n = 50), B (n = 21) or C (n = 8) who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced 3 Tesla MR imaging were retrospectively reviewed. Comparison of MRI date (signal intensity of liver parenchyma, portal vein, spleen, and liver-to-portal vein [LPC], liver-to-spleen [LSC], portal vein-to-spleen [PSC] contrast ratio) on hepatobiliary phase 15 min among groups, and liver function parameters was quantitatively analyzed as well.Results: A significantly difference was observed between the SI of liver parenchyma, LPC and LSC among groups (P < 0.001). They all decreased gradually from normal to cirrhotic livers with Child–Pugh class C (P < 0.001). The SI of portal vein constantly and slightly increased from normal to Child–Pugh class C, but there were not differences among the groups (P > 0.05). LPC is more correlated with Child-Pugh score or MELD score than LSC and liver parenchyma SI. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the AUC in order from the large to the small are: LPC, LSC, and the liver parenchyma SI (0.892, 0.889, 0.836), but the differences of AUCs among them were not significant.Conclusion: Liver parenchyma SI, LSC and LPC might be used as alternatives imaging biomarker for assessing liver function. Furthermore, LPC values can more efficaciously indicate the severity between patients with cirrhosis than SI of liver parenchyma and LSC. Although the portal vein signal shows a certain upward trend, it could not be used to reflect liver function.
Population Outflow from Wuhan Determines the Spread and Distribution of the COVID-19 Epidemic in China
Authors: Jia Jayson S. , Lu Xin , Yuan Yun , Xu Ge , Jia Jianmin , Christakis Nicholas A.
Published: March 2020

Sudden, large-scale, and diffuse human migration can amplify localized outbreaks into pandemics. Rapid and accurate tracking of human population mobility using reliable mobile phone data could therefore be helpful for policy responses. Here, we examine mobile phone geolocation data for all 18,514,920 counts of individuals egressing or transiting through the prefecture of Wuhan, China, between January 1 and 24, 2020. First, we document the efficacy of quarantine measures in ceasing population movement.Second, we show that the distribution of population outflow from Wuhan accurately predicts the relative frequency of, and geographical distribution of, COVID-19 infections through February 12, 2020, across all of China, up to two weeks in advance. Third, we present a risk model that not only predicts confirmed cases, but also identifies high- transmission-risk locales at an early stage. Fourth, we develop a mobility-data-driven modeling framework to statistically derive the growth pattern of COVID-19 and its spread; this model can yield a benchmark trend and an index for assessing COVID-19 risk for different geographic locations (290 prefectures). Prefectures above the index’s 90% confidence interval are likely experiencing more local transmissions than imported cases; prefectures below the 90% confidence interval are controlling the spread of the virus more effectively (or, alternatively, are at greater risk of information inaccuracy). This approach can be used by policy makers in developing nations, which typically have mobile phone infrastructure but limited healthcare capabilities, to make rapid and accurate risk assessments ahead of second-wave outbreaks in order to overcome resource and logistics limitations.
Decaying quantum turbulence in a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate at finite temperature
Authors: Groszek Andrew , Davis Matthew , Simula Tapio
Published: March 2020

We numerically model decaying quantum turbulence in two-dimensional disk-shaped Bose--Einstein condensates, and investigate the effects of finite temperature on the turbulent dynamics. We prepare initial states with a range of condensate temperatures, and imprint equal numbers of vortices and antivortices at randomly chosen positions throughout the fluid. The initial states are then subjected to unitary time-evolution within the c-field methodology. For the lowest condensate temperatures, the results of the zero temperature Gross--Pitaevskii theory are reproduced, whereby vortex evaporative heating leads to the formation of Onsager vortex clusters characterised by a negative absolute vortex temperature. At higher condensate temperatures the dissipative effects due to vortex--phonon interactions tend to drive the vortex gas towards positive vortex temperatures dominated by the presence of vortex dipoles. We associate these two behaviours with the system evolving toward an anomalous non-thermal fixed point, or a Gaussian thermal fixed point, respectively.
Quantum coherence from commensurate driving with laser pulses and decay
Authors: Uhrig Götz
Published: March 2020

Non-equilibrium physics is a particularly fascinating field of
current research. Generically, driven systems are gradually heated up
so that quantum effects die out. In contrast, we show that
a driven central spin model including
controlled dissipation in a highly excited state allows us
to distill quantum coherent states, indicated by a substantial
reduction of entropy; the key resource is the commensurability
between the periodicity of the pump pulses and the internal processes.
The model is experimentally accessible
in purified quantum dots or molecules with unpaired electrons.
The potential of preparing and manipulating coherent states
by designed driving potentials is pointed out.
Könyv
Authors: Leitheiser Fruzsina
Published: March 2020

Johann Fuchs – Alexander Kubis – Lutz Schneider: Zuwanderung und Digitalisierung. Wie viel Migration aus Drittstaaten benötigt der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt künftig? [Bevándorlás és digitalizáció. Mennyi harmadik országból érkező migrációra van szüksége a német munkaerőpiacnak a jövőben?] Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh, 2019.
Microbially-mediated de-watering and consolidation (“Biodensification”) of oil sands mature fine tailings, amended with agri-business by-products
Authors: Cárdenas-Manríquez Marcela , Young Rozlyn F. , Semple Kathleen M. , Li Carmen , Coy Debora , Underwood Eleisha , Siddique Tariq , Guigard Selma , Bressler David C. , Gupta Rajender , Foght Julia M.
Published: March 2020

Oil sands surface mining operations in northeastern, Alberta, Canada produce enormous volumes of fluid fine tailings, an aqueous suspension of fine clays, sand, unrecovered bitumen, and diluent hydrocarbons. The tailings are deposited and retained on-site in large settling basins where the colloidal solids sediment and consolidate very slowly by gravity and pore water collects at the surface for re-use. Tailings ‘biodensification’, mediated by indigenous microbes that produce methane and/or carbon dioxide, is a phenomenon observed in situ and in vitro whereby tailings with active anaerobic microbial communities consolidate and de-water faster than predicted by gravitational (self-weighted) consolidation alone. To exploit this phenomenon, we used organic amendments to stimulate endogenous anaerobic tailings microorganisms. Tailings from three different operators were amended with agri-business by-products, placed in 100-mL microcosms and 1.5-L settling columns, and monitored for methanogenesis, pore water recovery, and solids densification. Several amendments increased methane production and accelerated biodensification compared to unamended and negative controls. Hydrolyzed canola, blood meal, bone meal and glycerol generally accelerated biodensification, stimulated methane production and supported growth of methanogens and fermentative microbes. Amendment altered the chemistry of the tailings, generally decreasing pH, increasing conductivity and magnesium, potassium, sodium, and bicarbonate concentrations. Biodensification is a potential engineered technology for accelerating water recovery and reducing the volume of stored oil sands tailings.
Repurposing Antihypertensive Drugs for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Law Christine Shing Wei , Yeong Keng Yoon
Published: March 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has affected millions of people
worldwide. However, currently, there is no treatment to cure the disease. The AD drugs available in
the market only manage the disease symptomatically and the effects are usually short-term. Thus, there
is a need to look at alternatives AD therapies. This literature review aims to shed some light on the
potential of repurposing antihypertensives to treat AD. Mid-life hypertension has not only been recognised
as a risk factor for AD, but its relation with AD has also been well established. Hence, antihypertensives
were postulated to be beneficial in managing AD. Four classes of antihypertensives, as well as
their potential limitations and prospects in being utilised as AD therapeutics, were discussed in this
review.
Real-World Evidence of Clinical Outcomes in Precision Radionuclide Oncology: The NIGHTCAP Study of 177Lu-PSMA in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Turner J. Harvey
Published: March 2020

:

A novel approach to current radiopharmaceutical study design to document the efficiency of 177Lu-
PSMA-radioligand therapy of metastatic prostate cancer is described in a proposed prospective, real-time, realworld
audit of a large patient population worldwide. The NIGHTCAP (National Investigators Global Harmonisation
Theragnostics of Cancer of Prostate) Study will establish real-world evidence (RWE) of overall survival
(OS) and quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing routine 177Lu-PSMA-radioligand therapy on harmonised
compassionate patient-usage protocols throughout the world. Such long-term efficiency data will be contrasted
with the short-term randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessments of efficacy predicated upon surrogate markers
of survival outcomes, such as progression-free survival (PFS). The shortcomings of RCT evaluation of the clinical
benefit of new anticancer agents are detailed in this review, which advocates RWE to determine efficiency.

:

The real-time monitoring of QoL in the NIGHTCAP Study is independent of questionnaires, language differences,
or oncologist bias, and relies upon individual patient self-assessment by choice of one of five emoji which
best reflects their mood each day.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum Leaf on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Toxicity Model in Swiss Albino Rats and Its Characterization by GC-MS
Authors: Kopilakkal Remya , Musuvathi Balamurali M.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Clerodendrum paniculatum has ethnomedicinal importance in treatment of disorders like wound, typhoid, jaundice, malaria and anemia.

Objective:

To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced rat model and identification of its bioactive constituents by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC MS).

Methods:

Successive solvent extraction was carried out. Total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and 2-Azino-bis [3-ethyl benzothiazoline- 6-sufonic acid] (ABTS method) were done. Ethyl acetate extract was selected for hepatoprotective study in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated model followed by the measurement of liver function marker enzymes such as SGOT (Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase), SGPT (Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase), and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase). Biochemical parameters like bilirubin and protein were measured. Histopathologic liver sections were carried out. Bioactive constituents were evaluated by GC MS.

Results:

By DPPH and ABTS method, ethyl acetate extract showed IC50 as 70.14±0.92 μg/ml,2958.24±2.460 μg/ml, respectively. The alcoholic extract showed maximum IC50 (197.22 ±7.16 μg/ml) by Nitric oxide radical scavenging method. Hepatoprotective study reveals that intoxicated animal groups have elevated levels of enzymes and bilirubin and suppress the production of protein. The extract pre-treatment showed a significant decrease in enzymes and increased production of total protein in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathologic studies also support the hepatoprotective activity. GC MS analysis revealed the presence of seven major bioactive constituents with ethyl palmitate as the major one.

Conclusion:

The results support the proof for the hepatoprotective potential of the CPLE extract with potent antioxidant activity and enhanced liver enzyme level. The observed activity could be due to the presence of bioactive compounds as identified by GC MS analysis.
Use of Nanoparticles in Medicine
Authors: Utreja Puneet , Verma Shivani , Rahman Mahfoozur , Kumar Lalit
Published: March 2020

Background:

Nanotechnology involves the study of materials having dimensional range 1
to 100 nm. When the concept of nanotechnology is applied in the medical field, the resulting outcome
is known as ‘Nanomedicine’. Nanomedicine generally includes nanoparticles, which are explored for
various therapeutic applications. Various properties of nanoparticles like high reactivity, large surface
area, and ultra small size make them highly efficient compared to conventional therapeutic agents.

Methods:

Present review discloses applications of various nanoparticulate systems in drug delivery
and therapeutics. We searched nanoparticulate systems like liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, lipidic
nanoparticles, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, and gold nanoparticles using search engines like
PubMed and Google Scholar.

Results:

Results of a literature review regarding the use of nanoparticulate systems revealed their high
preclinical efficacy, safety, and reduced toxicity compared to various traditional systems used for the
delivery of various therapeutic agents. Implementation of targeting moieties like peptides, antibodies,
or aptamers in nanoparticulate systems shows a synergistic effect in their efficacy.

Conclusion:

Nanoparticulate systems have shown significant effects on different areas of the medical
field. However, clinical exploration of various nanoparticulate systems is still a challenge and this fact
should be taken into consideration by pharmaceutical scientists. Despite this, nanomedicine is expected
to have a tremendous effect on various areas of the medical field in the future.
Vitamin C Loaded Chemically Modified Nano Carrier for Human Health Care Application
Authors: Sengupta Monalisha , Shaharyar Md. Adil , Rahman Mahfoozur , Anand Kumar , Kundu Anindita
Published: March 2020

Background:

“Health is wealth” and to maintain it 7 essential nutrients are required. Among these, Vitamin is one that has great importance in very low concentration. As per the solubility, it divides into water-soluble and water-insoluble vitamins. This study concentrates on Vitamin C, a water-soluble vitamin which is essential for human growth due to its activity in the synthesis of carnitine, collagen, and neurotransmitter. It possesses antioxidant, antiatherogenic, and immunomodulatory functions, which may lead to the activity of Vitamin C in many diseases. But humans and some other non-human primates are unable to produce Vitamin C from glucose due to the absence of enzyme gulonolactone oxidase. As a result, humans are dependent on various dietary sources of Vc especially citrus fruit. But these dietary supplies also fail to achieve the required level in the body due to its poor bioavailability and storage.

Method:

Vitamin C has already proven its activity in cancer therapy. It is also used as a prodrug of H2O2. But due to the poor bioavailability and storage of Vitamin C in the human body, mankind is unable to avail the benefits of Vitamin C. These problems lead to generating different and suitable nanoformulations to incorporate Vitamin C and its derivatives into it. Different research work shows several ways to develop nanoformulations. Amongst all liposomes, microsphere, nanocarriers are of great importance. For Vitamin C incorporation into the nanoformulation, nanocarriers become the most popular choice for researchers. There were several nanocarrier systems developed using Chitosan- Alginate, Silica-Coated-Au Nanoparticles, Chitosan, Mesoporous-silica NCs for suitable incorporation of Vitamin C into these. The performances were assured by performing different in vitro and in vivo tests which will be discussed here.

Result:

As a result, Vitamin C is now in use for many purposes. It includes not only the above mentioned functions but also other functions too. Due to an antioxidant property, Vitamin C is able to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting ROS-mediated Nitric Oxide (NO) inactivation. Vitamin C helps to elevate the level of absorption of iron within the cell from dietary iron sources. It also prevents the oxidation of drugs. To achieve all these functions, NCs or nanoformulation plays a great role.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that depending on the biocompatibility, loading capacity, protection of the loading molecule, efficiency of cellular uptake, controllable rate of release to achieve the desired effect, and many more factors, the choice of different Nanocarriers (NCs) will be done which ultimately help the human to use it for different purposes. This paper tries to gather some information in one place with respect to different experimental studies.
EFFECTIVENESS OF AMINOPHENYLBUTIRIC ACID IN THE TRATMENT OF POST-STROKE FATIGUE
Authors: Delva I. I.
Published: March 2020

Up to now, a few studies were devoted to pharmacological correction of post-stroke fatigue (PSF) with rather disappointing results. PSF etiopathogenetic features in some extent depend on the time of PSF occurrence after acute cerebrovascular event (ACE). On this basis, it can be assumed that PSF management should be based on the time of PSF onset. Aim: to assess effectiveness of psychostimulant and nootropic drug – aminophenylbutiric acid in the treatment of PSF. Material and methods. The study included 29 patients who had global fatigue according to global fatigue subscale of multidimensional fatigue inventory-20 scale. 14 patients had persistent PSF (when PSF was firstly diagnosed within 1 month after ACE and was still present at 3 months after ACE), 15 patients had late PSF (when PSF was firstly diagnosed at 3 months after ACE or later). Aminophenylbutiric acid was taken orally 250 mg three times a day for 6 weeks. Rates and intensities of global PSF as well as rates and intensities of certain PSF aspects (physical, mental, motivational, activity-related) were evaluated and compared before and after 6 weeks treatment period. Results and discussion. In the cases of persistent PSF there were no significant changes in rate and severity of global PSF as well as no significant changes in rate and severity of all PSF components. On the other hand, 6 weeks aminophenylbutiric acid intake was associated with some statistically significant changes in characteristics of late PSF: decreasing of global PSF rate (from 100% to 64%), reduction of global PSF intensity (from 13,0 (12,3-14,8) to 12,0 (12,0-12,0)), reduction of mental PSF intensity (from 14,0 (13,0-14,0) to 12,0 (12,0-12,0)) and reduction of motivational PSF intensity (from 14,0 (13,5-16,5) to 12,0 (12,0-12,0)). Conclusions. 1. In cases of PSF onset at 3 months after ACE or later, aminophenylbutiric acid use for 6 weeks was associated with significant decreasing of global PSF rate, significant reduction of global, mental and motivational PSF intensities. 2. In cases of PSF onset within the first month after ACE, aminophenylbutiric acid use for 6 weeks was not associated with any PSF characteristics.
PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES IN THE PRACTICE OF A NEUROLOGIST (CLINICAL CASES)
Authors: Bozhenko N. L. , Bozhenko M. I. , Кyrylyuk S. Y. , Bozhenko I. M. , Tyutko A. O.
Published: March 2020

Paraneoplastic syndromes are the rare states caused by a change in the immune system's response to neoplasms. These include non-metastatic systemic effects that accompaniy malignant diseases. Diagnosis of these syndromes has some difficulties. In this article clinical cases of patients with paraneoplastic syndromes are analyzed and differential diagnosis is performed. Careful analysis of each clinical case is extremely important for the accumulation of experience, improvement of diagnostics and avoiding mistakes in the future.
EXACERBATION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A CLINICAL PARACLINICAL PARADOX
Authors: Zheshko O. M. , Shulga O. D. , Dubinets M. I. , Yurko O. A. , Lopachak O. R.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of our work was to find out the factors that determine the treatment tactics in the presence of signs of clinical and / or radiological exacerbation in patients with remitting multiple sclerosis. 104 patients were examined, 36.25 ± 9.81 years old. It has been established that in patients with shorter duration of the disease, the incidence of clinical (p <0.001) and radiological exacerbations (p <0.001) is higher. In patients who do not receive immunomodulatory therapy (p <0.05), there are signs of both clinical and radiological exacerbation. Patients with clinical exacerbations, regardless of the presence of active foci, receive treatment with methylprednisolone in almost 95% of cases. At the same time, in the case of radiological exacerbation, treatment with methylprednisolone is prescribed in only one third of the cases.
FEATURES OF PAIN SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors: Maksymchuk L. T. , Gryb V. A. , Doroshenko O. O. , Genyk S. I. , Gerasymchuk V. R. , Sorokhman A. V.
Published: March 2020

The data of 61 medical cards of patients with multiple sclerosis has been analyzed. 47,54% of patients reported pain as a symptom of multiple sclerosis, following types of pain were observed: neuropathic pain (оngoing extremity pain, Lhermitte's phenomenon), nociceptive pain (headache, back pain) and mixed pain (painful tonic spasms, spasticity pain). Only 17,24% of patients received therapy to treat pain.
THE RISK OF DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Poiansk І. М. , Gryb V. A. , Titov I. I.
Published: March 2020

A clinical and psychopathological examination of 120 COPD patients undergoing in-patient treatment was conducted on the basis of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital. The aim of the work was to detect the prevalence and adequacy of diagnosis of systemic effects and concomitant diseases in patients with COPD. The article deals with the issue of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The results of clinical and psychopathological examination of 120 patients with stage II-IV COPD with the help of Hamilton's depression scale and Spilberger-Hanin anxiety scale are presented. Based on the analysis of the results of the study, anxiety and depression disorders were observed in patients with COPD: in patients with COPD II-III stage - severe mild depression was diagnosed, and in patients with COPD IV stage - moderate severity. In addition, the study suggests the need for appropriate medical or psychotherapeutic treatment.
THE STATE OF CHANGES IN THE BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY USING GENERAL ANESTHESIA WITH STANDART MANAGEMENT OF THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors: Tovazhyanskaya O. L. , Dubivska S. S. , Grigorov Yu. B. , Solovyova E. T.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this work is to determine the functional state of the brain of patients on the basis of the electroencephalogram, which were operated under general anesthesia against the background of the standard management of the postoperative period.

The study was conducted in the surgical departments of various profiles on the basis of the Kharkov City Clinical Hospital of Emergency and Emergency Medical Care. prof. A.I. Meshchaninov.

The study was conducted with the total number of patients in 86 young, middle-aged and elderly patients with surgical pathology who underwent surgery under general anesthesia.

The study of the functional state of the brain by determining the bioelectrical activity of the brain, by conducting an electroencephalogram, was determined in two stages: before surgery and 3-5 days after surgery with general anesthesia.

Based on the data obtained, it is possible to recommend an electroencephalogram to assess the functional state of the brain of patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Marked electroencephalographic changes in the period after the operation indicate a deterioration in the functional state of the brain, which are a consequence of the effects of anesthesia, surgical stress, and effects on cognitive function.
THE PHENOMEN DIGNITARY OF THE NATION IAKOV MAKOGІN
Authors: Henyk S. M.
Published: March 2020

Galichanin from Lviv region in the search of better fate it turns out abroad ocean gets american citizenship and passes military units elite units american army.

To meate with pure american girl Syusann wihich fall in love handsome, healthy, clever and well-bread Ukrainian boy. Girl is the only one daughter one the richest one of the most rich american. Demobilization after 15 years service in the marine corps – there lound wedding. Get’s direct ucces to father’s money, new part of family throught many years uses then not for future enrichment or comfort but for solution of the older "Ukrainian question" in the most dramatic period stays Ukrainian AVG consisting of Soviet imperia. That which is done abroad to the call of the heart this ukrainian boy can outmatch a work complex embassy a big country.
ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK IN THE VERTEBRAL-BASILAR SYSTEM
Authors: Henyk S. I. , Gryb V. A. , Maksymchuk L. T. , Doroshenko O. O. , Henyk Ya. I.
Published: March 2020

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) in the vertebral-basilar system (VBS) is characterized by an acute onset of focal neurological symptoms due to short-term local ischemia of the brain. According to various authors, temporary neurological manifestations of circulatory insufficiency in VBS can progress to complete stroke within 2-5 years in 30-50% of patients, leading to disability of about 80% of patients. Its diagnosis is associated with some difficulties due to the variability of clinical manifestations, clinical similarity with other diseases and, as a consequence, incorrect therapeutic tactics.

The aim of the study was to investigate changes of endothelial function in TIA in VBS by determining the levels of homocysteine (HC) and vascular endothelial growth factor (WEGF) at different stages of neurological deficiency (ND). 78 patients with TIA in VBS were examined. The questionnaire developed by us was used to determine the stage of ND in TIA. The level of HC was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. WEGF was determined using the "sandwich" method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the group of patients with stage I ND, a tendency to HC increase in 1.1 times was detected compared with almost healthy persons (AHP), stage II - HC increased in 1.5 times (p <0.05), and stage III - in 1.9 times (p <0.05). Also significant difference (1.8 times) was revealed at stage III compared to the index of stage I (p <0.05). WEGF at the 1st stage of ND significantly increased in 1,7 times in comparison with AHP (p <0.05), at the 2nd stage there was a tendency to increase (in 1.2 times), at the 3d stage there was a significant increase in WEGF in comparison with AHP (in 2.9 times) (p <0.05), and compared with indicators of I (in 1.8 times) (p <0.05) and II stages (2.6 times) (p <0 , 05).

We have shown that TIA in VBS is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction (increase in HC and WEGF), which is more pronounced with aggravation of the ND. To evaluate the prognosis of the disease, we recommend using a questionnaire for determination the stage of ND in TIA in VBS and to identify markers of endothelial function such as HC and WEGF.