bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity analysis of Capsicum annuum L. cultivars from Bosnia and Herzegovina using EST-SSR markers
Authors: Šutković Jasmin , Glamočlija Petar , Karić Lutvija
Published: July 2023

With a significant economic value, pepper (Capsicum annuum L., Solanaceae) represents a major vegetable crop worldwide. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and expressed sequence tags (EST-SSR) are powerful tools for genetic studies and the breeding of pepper. In this study, the genetic variability among local pepper species was assessed by using 8 EST/SSR markers. The pepper varieties were collected locally, based on old sorts, hybrids, and sorts found in markets, with a total of 14 pepper varieties.  Mean expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from s 0.30 to 0.83 in the populations studied, whereas the mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.62. The average polymorphic number of alleles per primer was 2.5 per locus. The genetic relationships among the populations revealed by Neighbor-Joining dendrogram showed a clear clustering to three sub-populations making distinct clusters.  As expected, all local varieties make up one cluster, together with the hybrid Istra, concluding that this hybrid evolved from the cross-breeding of local varieties.  These results indicate and confirm the regional and physiological differences between the pepper sorts.
RhD detection in transfusion medicine
Authors: Ćutuk Raisa , Hromić- Jahjefendić Altijana
Published: July 2023

Transfusion medicine represents one of the emerging medicine branches of the last century. With the discovery of isoagglutinin, the main proof has been made that blood group inheritance is encoded in genes which established the theory of four blood groups. Moreover, the presence of certain antibodies, later known as Rh factors, directly reflects the ability to accept or reject of blood group.  Several methods of detection of Rh factor have been used in transfusion medicine which helps in diagnostic procedures. This is of great importance, especially during pregnancies or during blood donation processes. Molecular approaches enable the identification and analysis of blood that is negative for specific antigens against which a patient may have generated antibodies, the detection and analysis of antibodies, and the identification of donors who are negative for common antigens.
HER2 positive breast cancer and its treatment with trastuzumab, where are we now?
Authors: Lokvančić Haris
Published: July 2023

HER2-positive breast cancer is one of the most common types of female breast cancer around the world. This review summarizes information and results of HER2 -positive breast cancer trials and compares their results with the standards in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is done based on a literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar. This review analyzed trastuzumab as a golden treatment standard for HER2 -positive cancer treatments. Trastuzumab is a monoclonal anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor antibody and besides its effect in the treatment of breast cancer, suggests the treatment with trastuzumab within 1 year. Bosnia and Herzegovina have also accepted standards and guidelines for the treatment of HER2 -positive breast cancer and they are in step with the latest achievements worldwide.
Force development against irregular and hybrid warfare in Indonesia
Authors: Benyamin Jefferson , Mualim Much , Duarte Editha Praditya
Published: July 2023

The development of national defense is directed to be able to answer various possible threats and actual problems that are adjusted to the geographical conditions and dynamics of the strategic environment. Current and future threats are growing very fast and increasingly complex. Threats to the state can essentially be classified into three types, namely military threats, both armed and unarmed, non-military threats, and hybrid threats. The threats that have emerged during the co-19 pandemic are irregular warfare and hybrid threats. This research will discuss the analysis of force development to face the threat of irregular warfare and hybrid warfare in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that Indonesia as a country that has a strategic location and attractiveness of various spectrums needs to always prepare itself by implementing relevant strategies in accordance with the capital already owned in the Indonesian nation itself, this is needed to avoid national disunity due to irregular warfare that enters the joints of state life.
Implementation of the Use of Village Funds in Improving Welfare Communities in Jailolo District, West Halmahera Regency, Province North Maluku
Authors: SAMSUDDIN Ardian , RUSANDRY Rusandry
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This research aims to determine, implement, and use the village budget to improve the community's welfare in the Jailolo sub-district, West Halmahera Regency. Therefore, planning for the implementation and accountability of the Village Government is needed. Oversight by the West Halmahera Regency Government plays a vital role in improving community welfare through the village budget.Methodology: This research uses qualitative methods, interviews with the Village Government of the Jailolo District, and directly with the community. This research also limits research to choosing which data are relevant and which are irrelevant.Findings: The results of this study indicate that administratively the management of the Village Government is very effective in the planning, implementation, and accountability of ADD. There are still many things that need to be evaluated by the Jailolo Village Government in terms of improving community welfare through the village budget. Especially in terms of reporting, the village government consistently reports village funds to the village head every month.Implication:The government of West Halmahera Regency aims to enhance the management of village funds by implementing better supervision. It will involve obtaining reports from the Village Head, who is responsible for the funds. The objective is to ensure that village development aligns with the RPJMD and RKPD, creating a unified system in the development area.
The 300 pc Resolution Imaging of a z = 8.31 Galaxy: Turbulent Ionized Gas and Potential Stellar Feedback 600 Million Years after the Big Bang
Authors: Tamura Yoichi , C. Bakx Tom J. L. , Inoue Akio K. , Hashimoto Takuya , Tokuoka Tsuyoshi , Imamura Chihiro , Hatsukade Bunyo , Lee Minju M. , Moriwaki Kana , Okamoto Takashi , Ota Kazuaki , Umehata Hideki , Yoshida Naoki , Zackrisson Erik , Hagimoto Masato , Matsuo Hiroshi , Shimizu Ikkoh , Sugahara Yuma , Takeuchi Tsutomu T.
Published: July 2023

We present the results of 300 pc resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array imaging of the [O iii] 88 μm line and dust continuum emission from a z = 8.312 Lyman-break galaxy MACS0416_Y1. The velocity-integrated [O iii] emission has three peaks that are likely associated with three young stellar clumps of MACS0416_Y1, while the channel map shows a complicated velocity structure with little indication of a global velocity gradient unlike what was found in [C ii] 158 μm at a larger scale, suggesting random bulk motion of ionized gas clouds inside the galaxy. In contrast, dust emission appears as two individual clumps apparently separating or bridging the [O iii]/stellar clumps. The cross-correlation coefficient between dust and ultraviolet-related emission (i.e., [O iii] and ultraviolet continuum) is unity on a galactic scale, while it drops at <1 kpc, suggesting well-mixed geometry of multiphase interstellar media on subkiloparsec scales. If the cutoff scale characterizes different stages of star formation, the cutoff scale can be explained by gravitational instability of turbulent gas. We also report on a kiloparsec-scale off-center cavity embedded in the dust continuum image. This could be a superbubble producing galactic-scale outflows, since the energy injection from the 4 Myr starburst suggested by a spectral energy distribution analysis is large enough to push the surrounding media creating a kiloparsec-scale cavity.
The Core Starbursts of the Galaxy NGC 3628: Radio Very Long Baseline Interferometry and X-Ray Studies
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Ou Ziwei
Published: July 2023

We present radio very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) and X-ray studies of the starburst galaxy NGC 3628. The VLBI observation at 1.5 GHz reveals seven compact (0.7−7 pc) radio sources in the central ∼250 pc region of NGC 3628. Based on their morphology, high radio-brightness temperatures (105–107 K), and steep radio spectra, none of these seven sources can be associated with active galactic nuclei (AGNs); instead, they can be identified as supernova remnants (SNRs), with three of them appearing consistent with partial shells. Notably, one of them (W2) is likely a nascent radio supernova (SN) and appears to be consistent with the star formation rate of NGC 3628 when assuming a canonical initial mass function. The VLBI observation provides the first precise measurement of the diameter of the radio sources in NGC 3628, which allow us to fit a well-constrained radio surface brightness—diameter (Σ–D) correlation by including the detected SNRs. Furthermore, future VLBI observations can be conducted to measure the expansion velocity of the detected SNRs. In addition to our radio VLBI study, we analyze Chandra and XMM-Newton spectra of NGC 3628. The spectral fitting indicates that the SNR activities could well account for the observed X-ray emissions. Along with the Chandra X-ray image, it further reveals that the X-ray emission is likely maintained by the galactic-scale outflow triggered by SN activities. These results provide strong evidence that SN-triggered activities play a critical role in generating both radio and X-ray emissions in NGC 3628.
The Chemodynamics of the Stellar Populations in M31 from APOGEE Integrated-light Spectroscopy
Authors: Gibson Benjamin J. , Zasowski Gail , Seth Anil , Ashok Aishwarya , Goold Kameron , Wainer Tobin , Hasselquist Sten , Holtzman Jon , Imig Julie , Bizyaev Dmitry , Majewski Steven R.
Published: July 2023

We present an analysis of nearly 1000 near-infrared, integrated-light spectra from APOGEE in the inner ∼7 kpc of M31. We utilize full-spectrum fitting with A-LIST simple stellar population spectral templates that represent a population of stars with the same age, [M/H], and [α/M]. With this, we determine the mean kinematics, metallicities, α abundances, and ages of the stellar populations of M31's bar, bulge, and inner disk (∼4–7 kpc). We find a nonaxisymmetric velocity field in M31 resulting from the presence of a bar. The bulge of M31 is less metal-rich (mean [M/H] =

−

0.149

−
0.081

+
0.067

dex) than the disk, features minima in metallicity on either side of the bar ([M/H] ∼ −0.2), and is enhanced in α abundance (mean [α/M] =

0.281

−
0.038

+
0.035

). The disk of M31 within ∼7 kpc is enhanced in both metallicity ([M/H] =

−

0.023

−
0.052

+
0.050

) and α abundance ([α/M] =

0.274

−
0.025

+
0.020

). Both of these structural components are uniformly old at ≃12 Gyr. We find the mean metallicity increases with distance from the center of M31, with the steepest gradient along the disk major axis (0.043 ± 0.021 dex kpc−1). This gradient is the result of changing light contributions from the bulge and disk. The chemodynamics of stellar populations encodes information about a galaxy’s chemical enrichment, star formation history, and merger history, allowing us to discuss new constraints on M31's formation. Our results provide a stepping stone between our understanding of the Milky Way and other external galaxies.
Ion-driven Instabilities in the Inner Heliosphere. II. Classification and Multidimensional Mapping
Authors: Martinović Mihailo M. , Klein Kristopher G.
Published: July 2023

Linear theory is a well-developed framework for characterizing instabilities in weakly collisional plasmas, such as the solar wind. In the previous installment of this series, we analyzed ∼1.5M proton and α particle velocity distribution functions (VDFs) observed by Helios I and II to determine the statistical properties of the standard instability parameters such as the growth rate, frequency, the direction of wave propagation, and the power emitted or absorbed by each component, as well as to characterize their behavior with respect to the distance from the Sun and collisional processing. In this work, we use this comprehensive set of instability calculations to train a machine-learning algorithm consisting of three interlaced components that: (1) predict if an interval is unstable from observed VDF parameters; (2) predict the instability properties for a given unstable VDF; and (3) classify the type of the unstable mode. We use these methods to map the properties in multidimensional phase space to find that the parallel-propagating, proton-core-induced ion cyclotron mode dominates the young solar wind, while the oblique fast magnetosonic mode regulates the proton beam drift in the collisionally old plasma.
The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf
Authors: Beiler Samuel A. , Cushing Michael C. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Schneider Adam C. , Mukherjee Sagnick , Marley Mark S.
Published: July 2023

We present the first JWST spectral energy distribution of a Y dwarf. This spectral energy distribution of the Y0 dwarf WISE J035934.06−540154.6 consists of low-resolution (λ/Δλ ∼100) spectroscopy from 1–12 μm and three photometric points at 15, 18, and 21 μm. The spectrum exhibits numerous fundamental, overtone, and combination rotational–vibrational bands of H2O, CH4, CO, CO2, and NH3, including the previously unidentified ν
3 band of NH3 at 3 μm. Using a Rayleigh–Jeans tail to account for the flux emerging at wavelengths greater than 21 μm, we measure a bolometric luminosity of 1.523 ± 0.090 × 1020 W. We determine a semiempirical effective temperature estimate of

467

−
18

+
16

K using the bolometric luminosity and evolutionary models to estimate a radius. Finally, we compare the spectrum and photometry to a grid of atmospheric models and find reasonably good agreement with a model having T
eff = 450 K, log g = 3.25 [cm s−2], and [M/H] = −0.3. However, the low surface gravity implies an extremely low mass of 1 M
Jup and a very young age of 20 Myr, the latter of which is inconsistent with simulations of volume-limited samples of cool brown dwarfs.
Evaluation of the Performance of Two Nomograms and Four Vault Prediction Formulas for Implantable Collamer Lens Size Selection
Authors: Tang Chuhao , Sun Tong , Duan Hongyu , Liu Yilin , Qi Hong
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate the performance of different nomograms and vault prediction formulas in predicting the optimal Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL; STAAR Surgical) size and vault.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 108 participants (214 eyes) who underwent ICL implantation. The efficacy of the manufacturer's nomogram, Parkhurst nomogram, NK formula, KS formula, Zhu formula, and ZZ formula was assessed by comparing the indicated ICL sizes to the postoperative vault measurements. Additionally, Bland-Altman plots and the Friedman test were used to assess the agreement and absolute error between the actual vault and predicted vault.

Results:

The proportions of the ideal ICL category recommended by the manufacturer's nomogram, Parkhurst nomogram, NK formula, KS formula, Zhu formula, and ZZ formula were 50.5%, 45.3%, 46.7%, 42.5%, 50.0%, and 28.5%, respectively. The mean differences between the actual vault and the predicted vault using the NK, KS, Zhu, and ZZ formulas were 144.1 ± 261.1, −19.3 ± 179.6, 70.8 ± 284.2, and 182.6 ± 361.5 μm, respectively. The predicted ICL vault tended to overestimate the actual ICL vault, particularly when choosing a larger ICL size. The KS formula shows the smallest deviation in prediction error and is least affected by variation in ICL size.

Conclusions:

White-to-white distance from the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) coupled with the manufacturer's nomogram performed well for ICL size selection. Four vault prediction formulas tended to overestimate the actual ICL vault, particularly when selecting a larger ICL size. The KS formula appeared to have the least bias of the formulas. Simultaneously, vault prediction formulas need to be modified according to the ICL size.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(7):456–461.]
Impact of Corneal Toricity on the Distribution of Corneal Epithelial Thickness
Authors: Zhang Jiafan , Liu Sai , Shao Ting , Li Hua , Wang Huifeng , Long Keli
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To investigate the impact of corneal toricity on the distribution characteristics of corneal epithelial thickness (CET).

Methods:

A total of 330 eyes in 330 healthy participants were included in this study. They were divided into two groups based on the median of the corneal toricity value: low-toricity group (corneal toricity < 1.50 diopters) and high-toricity group (corneal toricity ≥ 1.50 diopters). The CET within a 9-mm–diameter area of the central cornea was obtained using optical coherence tomography. The difference of CET value between flat and steep meridians (F-S CET) was defined to evaluate the CET distribution. The F-S CET between the two groups was compared, and the correlations between F-S CET and the corneal toricity were analyzed.

Results:

The CET was thinner in the superior-peripheral area than in other areas. A slight intergroup difference was noted in terms of the F-S CET at the paracentral (0.11 ± 0.93 vs 0.32 ± 0.92,
P
= .038), midperipheral (0.45 ± 0.78 vs 0.77 ± 0.89,
P
= .001), and peripheral (3.11 ± 2.18 vs 4.10 ± 2.38,
P
< .001) zone. In each zone, the difference in F-S CET between the two groups was less than 1 μm. As the area expanded, the F-S CET continued to increase (
F
= 850.303,
P
< .001). A weak correlation was observed between F-S CET and corneal toricity (
r
= 0.103 to 0.240); however, this correlation was not significant in the paracentral zone. Covariance analysis demonstrated that F-S CET was slightly correlated with age, refractive state, and intraocular pressure.

Conclusions:

The corneal toricity did not significantly affect the distribution of the corneal epithelium in normal corneas.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(7):482–490.]
Mealybug vectors: A review of their transmission of plant viruses and their management strategies
Authors: Ahmed Abdul Razak , Apori Samuel Obeng , Karim Abdul Aziz
Published: July 2023

Mealybugs cause mechanical damage and diseases to plants. Through their feeding activities, they reduce the yield, quality and productivity of crops. This review discusses mealybug vectors of plant viruses, the economic losses they cause, mealybug species and their hosts. Among the numerous mealybug species, Planococcus species are the most effective vector of plant viruses, transmitting many Ampeloviruses. Diverse methods for the control and regulation of mealybugs are also discussed. Physical, cultural and biological control methods are labor-intensive but environmentally friendly compared to chemical methods. However, chlorpyrifos are one the active ingredients of insecticides effective against several mealybug species. Using plant products such as neem oil as a biocontrol method has been effective, similar to other insecticides. Notwithstanding, the biological method of controlling mealybugs is effectively slow but safe and highly recommended. The Anagyrus species have the highest success rate amongst other natural parasites of mealybugs. Also, farm sanitation and pruning as cultural methods help reduce mealybug populations.
Speech recognition of south China languages based on federated learning and mathematical construction
Authors: Lai Weiwei , Zheng Yinglong
Published: July 2023

As speech recognition technology continues to advance in sophistication and computer processing power, more and more recognition technologies are being integrated into a variety of software platforms, enabling intelligent speech processing. We create a comprehensive processing platform for multilingual resources used in business and security fields based on speech recognition and distributed processing technology. Based on the federated learning model, this study develops speech recognition and its mathematical model for languages in South China. It also creates a speech dataset for dialects in South China, which at present includes three dialects of Mandarin and Cantonese, Chaoshan and Hakka that are widely spoken in the Guangdong region. Additionally, it uses two data enhancement techniques—audio enhancement and spectrogram enhancement—for speech signal characteristics in order to address the issue of unequal label distribution in the dataset. With a macro-average F-value of 91.54% and when compared to earlier work in the field, experimental results show that this structure is combined with hyperbolic tangent activation function and spatial domain attention to propose a dialect classification model based on hybrid domain attention.
Boundary distribution estimation for precise object detection
Authors: Zhi Peng , Zhou Haoran , Huang Hang , Zhao Rui , Zhou Rui , Zhou Qingguo
Published: July 2023

In the field of state-of-the-art object detection, the task of object localization is typically accomplished through a dedicated subnet that emphasizes bounding box regression. This subnet traditionally predicts the object's position by regressing the box's center position and scaling factors. Despite the widespread adoption of this approach, we have observed that the localization results often suffer from defects, leading to unsatisfactory detector performance. In this paper, we address the shortcomings of previous methods through theoretical analysis and experimental verification and present an innovative solution for precise object detection. Instead of solely focusing on the object's center and size, our approach enhances the accuracy of bounding box localization by refining the box edges based on the estimated distribution at the object's boundary. Experimental results demonstrate the potential and generalizability of our proposed method.
On the Significance of Divje babe I Cave for the Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Chronology of Palaeolithic Cave Sites in Slovenia
Authors: Turk Matija , Turk Janez
Published: July 2023

The article reviews the development and interpretation of procedures used in the study of the sedimentary sequence of the Divje babe I Palaeolithic cave site. The data were obtained from publications, archives, and personal information provided by Ivan Turk, who directed the excavations and directed the laboratory investigations. The profile of Divje babe I is currently the best researched and chronologically defined Late Pleistocene cave profile in Slovenia. For the first time, various sedimentological and other data from the standard profile were upgraded with the same data obtained on standardized ground plan surfaces and depths. A large spatial (lateral) variability was discovered, associated with generally contemporaneous but different cave microenvironments, which were crucially influenced by different amounts of water in all aggregate states. Without taking into account temporal and spatial dimensions, it would not be possible to combine all statistical sets of collected data on sediments, their contents, and climatic parameters into a unified system.
Železnodobni gomili na Godeško-Reteških dobravah pri Škofji Loki
Authors: Brezigar Barbara
Published: July 2023

V prispevku so predstavljeni rezultati izkopavanja dveh starejšeželeznodobnih gomil G 21 in G 22, ki pripadata gomilnemu grobišču na Godeško-Reteških dobravah pri Škofji Loki. Gomili sta bili raziskani leta 2020 v okviru zaščitnih arheoloških izkopavanj, ki so potekala zaradi širitve industrijske cone Trata. V gomili G 21 so bili odkriti trije žgani grobovi, od tega eden s pridatkom železne sulične osti, železne plavutaste sekire, fibulo in posodo. Na podlagi najdb so grobovi datirani v prvo polovico ali sredino 5. st. pr. n. št. V obeh gomilah so bili v nasutjih odkriti odlomki različnih keramičnih posod z rdeče-črnim premazom, drobci sežganih kosti ter posamezne najdbe železnih nožev in delov noše; gre za ostanke uničenih grobov in nakazujejo nekoliko širši časovni razpon gomil že od konca 7. ali 6. st. pr. n. št. naprej.
Grobišča iz starejše železne dobe v Ljubljani. Različni načini pokopa kot kazalci heterogenih prazgodovinskih družbenih identitet
Authors: Škvor Jernejčič Brina , Vojaković Petra
Published: July 2023

Grobišče na Dvorišču SAZU v Ljubljani z več kot 300 žganimi grobovi iz mlajše bronaste in starejše železne dobe je še vedno eno ključnih najdišč za razumevanje gorenjsko-ljubljanske skupine. Nove raziskave na Kongresnem trgu so razkrile grobišče, ki se v mnogo vidikih razlikuje od tistega na Dvorišču SAZU. Prvič so bile v Ljubljani izpričane manjše gomile s prodnatim jedrom, zemljenim plaščem in zunanjim obodnim jarkom iz zgodnje železne dobe. Po večini gre za žarne grobove v središču gomile, izstopa gomila 3 s centralnim grobom in sedmimi pokopi okrog njega. Po načinu pokopa izstopajo trije skeletni grobovi iz 8. st. pr. n. št., ti so v članku tudi podrobneje predstavljeni. Podana sta kratek oris pojava skeletnih grobov v drugih sočasnih železnodobnih skupinah in poskus razlage teh skeletnih pokopov v Ljubljani. Na podlagi analize grobnih najdb in novih radiokarbonskih datacij iz Ljubljane so na kratko predstavljene dopolnitve Gabrovčeve kronološke sheme ljubljanskega grobišča in posledično gorenjsko-ljubljanske skupine, predvsem stopenj Ljubljana II in IIIa. Dopolnitve stopnje Ljubljana II tako v relativnem kot absolutnem kronološkem smislu so ključne za razumevanje začetka pokopavanja na Kongresnem trgu ter razdelitev stopenj Podzemelj 1 in 2.
Sledovi obljudenosti v visokogorju Bohinja v starejši železni dobi – nove raziskave
Authors: Ogrin Marija
Published: July 2023

Bohinj je alpska kotlina na jugovzhodnem delu Julijskih Alp. Stalno je poseljena od starejše železne dobe, kolonizirali pa so jo ljudje iz Posočja zaradi bogatih nahajališč železove rude. Nastale so prve vasi v dolini z gospodarskim zaledjem v visokogorju, kot kažejo najdbe z Dolge planje na Prvem Voglu in Bošinke nad Dednim poljem. Keramika in ostanki temeljev koč nakazujejo možnost, da se je v tem času v visokogorju, poleg rudarjenja, začelo alpsko kmetovanje s sto- penjsko pašo iz vasi na visoka naravna travnata območja – planine, ki se je ohranilo vse do danes.
Juger les violences sexuelles à l’université : le pari du droit disciplinaire
Authors: Deruelle Farah , Jarty Julie
Published: July 2023

Cet article porte sur la mutation en cours des prérogatives du droit disciplinaire universitaire, désormais tenu de considérer les infractions sexuelles. Par une étude de cas qui croise entretiens et archives, cet article analyse la cécité de ce droit aux violences faites aux femmes. En raison de sa matrice inégalitaire et de sa dépendance au droit pénal, il continue de prémunir les auteurs de harcèlement de tout stigmate délinquant. Ces procédures résistent ainsi, malgré un contexte propice à la reconnaissance des manquements déontologiques, à une transformation (pro-féministe) des institutions universitaires.
S’engager dans la délinquance juvénile : une expérience genrée
Authors: Weil Armelle
Published: July 2023

Par l’analyse de trois étapes – les prémices, l’apprentissage et le maintien – cette contribution étudie la structuration différenciée des carrières délinquantes pour les adolescentes et les adolescents. Elle met en lumière que c’est au travers d’un processus genré d’acquisition (de savoirs, de techniques, de réseaux) que les jeunes s’engagent dans les pratiques illicites. D’une part, les jeunes hommes accèdent à des groupes organisés, reposant sur la transmission de savoirs et de techniques entre pairs, selon une logique « professionnalisante ». D’autre part, les jeunes femmes sont exclues de l’apprentissage et sont ainsi « sous-équipées », tout en faisant l’expérience d’un fort contrôle pénal.
Beyond the Learning Poverty and Labels
Authors: Ianniello Annalisa , De Giuseppe Tonia , Corona Felice
Published: July 2023

The pandemic emergency has had a strong impact on many aspects of life, including education and training. Covid-19 has caused an increase in the risk of learning poverty, which contributes to generating deviance and juvenile crime. In this sense, the contribution aims to analyse these social constructs through a punctual analysis of the national and international scientific literature, the main theories, and current statistics. Subsequently, this study aims to deepen the inclusive value of laboratory teaching, in digital learning environments, as a useful methodology for the prevention and management of acts or behaviours that violate community norms.
Online Learning in the Age of Digital Transformation
Authors: Al Husseiny Fatima
Published: July 2023

Online education is already superior to the traditional educational system due to the growing online adoption post-pandemic era. From 2012, when the concept of the MOOC generated its initial wave of excitement, to the present, online teaching methodologies are still in their prime and have significant room for expansion. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the idea of the digital world has become an emergent trend in online education. The digital age has become a potent and vital opportunity for higher education. By replacing traditional pedagogy with online models, e-learning has gained popularity in many countries. It is the process that equips teachers and students with the ability to develop digital skills and prepare them for the global digital economy. In this chapter, an overview of online learning in the age of digital transformation is provided. The chapter concludes with several recommendations for future research.
Exploring Educational Practices for Non-Standard Didactic Situations in Small Schools
Authors: Mangione Giuseppina R. J. , Fante Chiara , Dalla Mutta Edoardo , Benigno Vincenza
Published: July 2023

The small school, non-standard didactic situations (SDiNS) located in geographically and telematically disconnected territories, sees digital technology as a tool by which to “build or rebuild ties” and to enhance the relational dimension among the actors involved in the homebound education (HE) process which takes place in alternative (digital) environments from the traditional classroom. The work presents the results of the research aimed at identifying didactic situations that were implemented in the case of HE students for health problems (HESsHP) and / or for environmental obstacles (HESsEO). The teaching, organizational, and management strategies adopted by small schools and tracked the main criticalities emerged will be reported and discussed.
What Have We Learnt From the Pandemic?
Authors: Florjančič Viktorija
Published: July 2023

Almost all countries responded to COVID-19 with the school lockdown which happened overnight. As the lockdown continued, some students' distress became more evident. To know how to deal with such cases in the future, the authors conducted qualitative research among second-year business students who finished their secondary education at the time of the first epidemic wave and came to university in the second epidemic wave. For some students, the transition from secondary to tertiary education is a severe challenge even without the lockdown; not all students responded to the lockdown similarly. Some of them found remote teaching even more interesting; they were more motivated and concentrated on schoolwork when they studied in a quiet, safe home environment. During the epidemic, students developed some new skills that they found valuable skills for them. They appreciate socialising in person but recognise that university studies must be updated to recent trends, more digitalized, and flexible.
Metacognitive Interaction Between Videogames and E-Learning
Authors: Barra Vincenza , Annarumma Maria
Published: July 2023

Video games require reflective and interpretive skills to be generated in the player, developing complex metacognitive skills that can be transferred to other contexts, such as teaching. The goal is to investigate how thinking is processed. In this context, the teacher becomes a “builder of worlds” and intervenes by providing students with the tools to participate in the interdisciplinary co-construction of worlds, in a collaboration that concerns not only the immateriality of information, but also the skills of handling and using multimedia interfaces. The click or touch thus becomes the action that, par excellence, enables each individual to participate synergistically in the creation of the virtual habitat. In this essay, the authors aim to explore the transformative potential of video games by analyzing the cognitive processes involved in thought processing, promoting critical reflection, and creativity. In addition, it aims to explore how these experiences can be applied to the educational setting to improve teaching practices and provide students with more learning opportunities.
Perceptions of Distance Learning Among Slovenian University Professors and Students
Authors: Podovšovnik Eva , Smajla Tilen
Published: July 2023

Research into the perceptions of distance learning has gained considerable attention in the last two decades and has increased significantly due to the outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research focused on the perceptions of distance learning among the university students and university professors in the Republic of Slovenia. The sample consisted of 992 students and 179 professors who have been contacted online to fill in an anonymous online questionnaire. Eighteen items have been drawn up and by applying statistical analyses such as a T-test for independent samples, distribution of frequencies, determination of skewness and kurtosis coefficients, and the Spearman's rho coefficient, and the following results have been obtained: 15 items were put to a T-test which has come up with statistically significant differences in perceptions between university students and professors with regard to three items.
An Analytical Analysis of the Present-Day Procedures for Disposing of Waste
Authors: Pandey Binay Kumar , Nassa Vinay Kumar , Pandey Digvijay , George A. Shaji , Gupta Monika , Dadheech Pankaj , George A. S. Hovan
Published: July 2023

Population growth, urbanisation, industry, modernization, and digitalization increase residential, industrial, commercial, mining, radioactive, agricultural, hospital, and electronic wastes in the 21st century. Waste management is becoming the biggest global challenge. Waste management includes collecting, transporting, sorting, destroying, processing, recycling, controlling, monitoring, and regulating garbage, sewage, and other waste. Waste management preserves the environment, prevents pollution, and protects health. Global waste management is modern. Biological reprocessing, recycling, composting, waste-to-energy, bioremediation, incineration, pyrolysis, plasma gasification, ocean/sea disposal, etc. Waste management enhances life. This ensures future peace and wellness. Global health depends on waste management. This optimises waste management. This document discusses worldwide garbage management. It also offers the best waste management approach by critically reviewing previous researchers' findings.
Situation and Impact of Solid Waste Mismanagement Perception of Households in Rajshahi City of Bangladesh
Authors: Sharmin Renuka , Osmani Md Ataul Gani , Malik Firdous Ahmad , Janjua Laeeq , Raja Maryum Sajid
Published: July 2023

The study empirically investigates the situation and effect of household solid waste mismanagement in Rajshahi city of Bangladesh. For this purpose, the study collects data from 120 households in Rajshahi city through personal in-depth interviews to investigate the situation and impacts of household waste management. The present study reveals that the city produces mostly food waste, collected by the scavengers employed through city corporations but poorly managed due to a lack of categorization and recycling technologies. According to the perception and responses of the households, waste odor and disease infections are the most common impacts of household waste mismanagement in Rajshahi city in Bangladesh. The conclusion reveals that lack of proper knowledge and use of technology with regards to waste management and its recycling is one of the significant reasons for bad impacts through unplanned open dumping and burning system practiced by the city authority. It is recommended to reorganize the waste management system in the City by installing proper dustbins.
Globalization and Emerging Opportunities and Challenges in Sustainable Environment in Industry 4.0
Authors: Swapna H. R. , Singh Sanjeet , Madaan Geetika , Mishra Sonali , Pandey Digvijay , Kanike Uday Kumar
Published: July 2023

The rapid technological advancement of the manufacturing sector over the past few decades inevitably led to the rise of Industry 4.0. It has the potential to significantly alter how globalisation is practiced in the production and consumption of products and services across international markets. In this chapter, the authors take a closer look at the rise of Industry 4.0 and the new technical architecture that underpins it, as well as the benefits it's expected to bring. In addition, how technology can be used to fortify a company's competitiveness and shield it from the perils of this transformation. The new global division of labour, the worldwide supply chain, and the global value chain will all be profoundly affected by this multifaceted technology, as evidenced by a thorough examination of the relevant literature. It will alter the competitive landscape by shifting the advantage away from large corporations and toward small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging marketsand developed markets. As human and technological skills advance quickly, businesses may be able to profit.
Biomining Method to Extract Metal Components Using Computer-Printed Circuit Board E-Waste
Authors: Hanumanthakari Sudheer , Gift M. D. Mohan , Kanimozhi K. V. , Bhavani Murapaka Dhanalakshmi , Bamane Kalyan Devappa , Boopathi Sampath
Published: July 2023

In the present scenario, the e-waste from the various electronic sectors has been increasing due to increased utilization of electric components. In this chapter, the bioleaching(biomining) process of a computer printed circuit board (CPCB) is illustrated to extract the metal components. Basic concepts for e-waste management, their impacts, and various e-waste treatment methods have been explained. The various existing conventional metal extraction methods for the wasted CPCB have also been explored. Definitions, types, cryogenic bioleaching (biomining), influencing factors, and procedures of the bioleaching process have been illustrated. The microbiological methods for the processing of e-waste, the selection of process parameters, and the optimization or maximization of metal extraction processes were demonstrated to promote the e-waste management processes.
Natural Gas
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi , Kumar Rana Mukul
Published: July 2023

According to current estimations, natural gas can be found in many parts of the world in sufficient amounts to provide energy for human activities for about 250 years. Natural gas accounted for around 21 percent of the total revenue generated by the global energy sector in 2011, trailing only coal and oil in terms of importance. That corresponds to hundreds of billions of dollars in financial terms each year. The purpose of this essay is to compare the utilization of various fuels to that of natural gas. The results would aid the government, business leaders, and decision-makers in deciding whether to switch from gasoline and diesel to natural gas. There is a need for more research to be done in this field by academics and scholars.
Smart Vehicle-Emissions Monitoring System Using Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Maguluri Lakshmana Phaneendra , Ananth J. , Hariram S. , Geetha C. , Bhaskar Archana , Boopathi S.
Published: July 2023

Eco-friendly environment concern contributes to the survival of life on earth. Monitoring chemicals produced by growth requires a multidisciplinary scientific approach. Climate change is a result of pollution and overuse, particularly in the air. Although government and industry have taken initiatives to limit air pollution, it is still necessary to check the quality of the air at ground level. The goal of this endeavour is to build intercommunication-based individual vehicle air pollution monitoring and identification by internet of things (IoT). Idling and accelerating conditions were recorded using tailpipe emission sensing. Authorities can act and assure upkeep if they are able to identify a car at a busy intersection; mobile connectivity enabled route and vehicle identification. In India, fewer people will die from air pollution because to data gathered in the cloud.
E-Waste Management
Authors: Swapna H. R. , Madaan Geetika , Singh Sanjeet , Mandake Manoj B. , Walke Santosh , Pandey Digvijay
Published: July 2023

The global accumulation of electronic waste is a growing concern in terms of the health and safety of our planet. Electronic waste has a greater potential to create environmental contamination and human health problems due to the way it is often disposed of, making it a worldwide problem. 'Sustainable consumption and production' may help nations solve the problem of electronic waste management by forcing them to make fundamental changes in the way their communities manufacture and use commodities. Governments, NGOs, businesses, and citizens all work together to change unsustainable consumption and production habits. The effects of e-waste on human health and the natural environment will be discussed, as will various situations involving this kind of garbage. Developed and developing nations' (namely India's) approaches to managing discarded electrical and electronic equipment will be examined, as will appropriate pathways concerning recyclable components using extended producer responsibility that led to the creation of a circular economy.
A Holistic Study on E-Waste Management for Ensuring Sustainability of the Environment
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Sharma Sneha
Published: July 2023

Globalization and industrialization have led to drastic increase in the degree of solid waste generation; moreover, due to the migration of people, it is expected that in coming years demand of water and energy will increase manifold. This has led to the requirement of an efficient waste management mechanism. Though the ministry of environment and forest (MoEF) are continuously working for formulating conducive policies to curb the menace of waste disposal, still there is a need to have a central functionary to work at a wider level on this issue. There is a need to spread awareness among the masses so as to set accountability for each and every individual towards the environment. The present chapter is an attempt to provide a holistic approach towards e-waste management, which includes a systematic approach of collection, recycling, and minimization of e-waste resulting in bringing out sustainability in the environment. Finally, some suggestions and recommendations are provided which can be implemented for ensuring efficient e-waste management.
Implementation and Validation of SAFEPORT System at Sines Harbour
Authors: Pinheiro Liliana Vieira , Gomes Andreia H. , Fortes Conceição Juana , Santos João Alfredo
Published: July 2023

SAFEPORT safety system aims to daily reports to the Sines harbor administration, potential emergency situations regarding ships’ operation in port areas caused by extreme weather-oceanographic conditions, that may occur in the next three days. It consists of a set of numerical models and a qualitative risk assessment and forecasting. It uses forecasts provided offshore of the area under the study of sea agitation, wind and tide. The characterization of the response of the free and moored ships at a berth is performed using numerical models which deal with formulations in the frequency and time domain. The system issue alerts, through danger levels associated with risk levels of exceedance of recommended values for movements and forces imposed on ship mooring systems. SAFEPORT can be adapted to any port. So far, it has been developed and adapted to three terminals of the port of Sines, where three different ships were simulated. This paper presents the developments made to date of the safety system, in terms of its implementation and validation. The numerical models run every day, in real-time mode, in a computer cluster. The results are disseminated on a web page and a mobile application in a variety of formats.
Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling Using a Stochastic Wind Model
Authors: Albani Roseane A.S. , Gomes Luiz Eduardo , Migon Hélio S. , da Silva Neto Antônio José
Published: July 2023

In this work, we propose a stochastic wind field based on the Bayesian dynamic linear model to account for the wind flow field in the transient advection-diffusion partial differential equation (PDE). The resulting dispersion model accounts for the time variation in the wind field and meteorological variables, allowing the simulation of a transient regime. The main advantage of using such a wind field model over a Fourier series to fit wind time series is its potential to make predictions. In addition, a suitable methodology is necessary to solve the resulting dispersion model. In this work, we use a finite element formulation appropriate to solve transient advection-diffusion PDEs. We verify the accuracy of the proposed methodology by reproducing a case study considering a field tracer experiment. The model evaluation against experimental data shows the good performance of the proposed dispersion model.
Mathematical Modeling of Atmospheric Dispersion from Accidental Release of Ammonia (NH3) during Road Transport
Authors: Pinz Medronha Carolina , Gomes Ana Paula Rozado , Weymar Guilherme Jahnecke , de Escobar Cícero Coelho , Buske Daniela
Published: July 2023

This work aimed to analyze the atmospheric dispersion of ammonia gas (NH3) caused by a hypothetical leak in a tanker truck due to an accident during its transport. These accidents with dangerous products in road transport are unpredictable and can generate severe impacts on communities' borders and the environment close to the accident site. With the use of mathematical models, it is possible to estimate, assuming that there was an accidental release, how far, from the point of leakage to the cloud formed in the atmosphere will move until it is diluted in a way that does not pose a danger of toxicity. In this work, the ALOHA software and Google Earth will be used to estimate the dispersion of this toxic gas in different scenarios, varying the stability class and the height of the leak orifice. Among the proposed and analyzed scenarios, the results show that the plume with the greatest reach was 948 m in the red zone (AEGL 3 - 1100 ppm or 769 mg/m3), 1900 meters in the orange zone (AEGL 2 - 160 ppm or 112 mg /m3) and 3600 meters in the yellow zone (AEGL 1 - 30 ppm or 21 mg/m3).