bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der erste Bau des neuen Campus in Arlesheim – ein Kompetenzzentrum für die Industrie 4.0
Authors: Lequime Pascal , Trösch Christoph
Published: May 2020

Auf dem ehemaligen Fabrikareal der Stamm Bau AG, dem Schorenareal in Arlesheim, entwickelt und realisiert die uptown Basel AG in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Wirtschaftszentrum Basel einen modernen Campus. Das Ziel ist, auf dem neuen Campus einen führenden Standort der Schweiz für die Industrie 4.0 zu etablieren. Der erste Bau von mehreren Gebäuden steht aktuell kurz vor Fertigstellung der Rohbauarbeiten. Das zukunftsfähige Gebäude soll für Mieter mit automatisierten Arbeits‐ und Produktionsprozessen zur Verfügung stehen und dafür möglichst flexibel und modular ausbaubar sein. Das Erdgeschoss ist weitgehend stützenfrei – die darüberliegenden drei Geschosse werden mithilfe von Fachwerkträgern abgefangen. Die über alle Seiten überstehenden Teile der zwei oberen Geschosse werden über außen liegende Fachwerke getragen. Ohne den Einsatz von Stahl als maßgeblichen Gestaltungsfaktor des Tragwerks wäre dies alles nicht in der vorliegenden Form möglich.
Evolutionary Origin and Genetic Diversity of Ring‐necked Pheasants in the Upper Midwest United States
Authors: Vázquez‐Miranda Hernán , Olson Magdalena J. , Zink Robert M.
Published: May 2020

We compared mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences of ring‐necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) from Midwestern United States (SD and NE, USA) to a molecular phylogeographic hypothesis of pheasants in the native Eurasian range to understand which subspecies are represented by wild and captive‐released birds. We found that these birds represent 2 Eurasian lineages, which we refer to generally as northern Eurasian (Colchicus group) and eastern China (Torquatus group). These mitochondrial DNA lineages occur in different frequencies in the wild, with the latter being 3 times more common. This suggests that 1) the eastern China lineage is either better suited to surviving in natural environments of the Midwestern United States outside captivity; 2) this group was more highly represented in original or ongoing releases; or 3) this group is more easily harvested. Confirmation of these possibilities could affect the type of pheasants bred for release. We also detected a low level of genetic variability in Midwestern birds relative to those from the native range, suggestive of an inbreeding effect. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Understanding Irregularity
Authors: Triandafyllidou Anna , Bartolini Laura
Published: May 2020

This chapter conceptualises irregular migration status as a continuum of grey areas or of degrees and types of irregularity rather than as a clear black and white distinction. It thus sets the framework for understanding terms such as ‘befallen regularity’ and ‘semi-legality’. We consider irregular migration and irregular stay or work as inter-related phenomena embedded in the labour market dynamics of European countries. We seek to highlight the administrative rules and labour market conditions that can foster irregularity and create these in-between spaces where irregular migrants are positioned, and also seek to provide an estimate of the irregular migrant population in Europe. Last but not least, we discuss why people strive to remain in Europe despite irregular migration status and the challenges of (sustainable) return. The chapter concludes with some critical remarks on the links between irregular migration and employment.
Contradictions in the Moral Economy of Migrant Irregularity
Authors: Chauvin Sébastien , Garcés-Mascareñas Blanca
Published: May 2020

In spite of their rhetorical emphasis on enforcement, European governments have overseen a process of formal semi-inclusion of irregular migrants. That process has been taken further at the regional and municipal levels. This chapter explores the implications of that tension between formal exclusion and formal inclusion in two different ways. First, this apparent paradox allows us to deepen our understanding of the drivers and inherent trade-offs in the development of migration policies. Against unilaterally repressive theories, we argue that, in the area of migration, the state is confronted with contradictory imperatives and, ultimately, its various components have to choose whether to effectively exclude those not recognised as legitimate members or embrace the population as it is. Second, by unveiling the new moral economy of migrant illegality, that is, the contemporary discourse–policy nexus regulating the construction of irregular migrants as more or less illegal, this chapter reconsiders the notion of citizenship beyond dichotomous frameworks based on binary oppositions such as citizens vs non-citizens, formal vs informal, national vs local or legal exclusion vs performative acts of inclusion.
Searching for dark photon dark matter with cosmic ray antideuterons
Authors: Randall Lisa , Xu Weishuang Linda
Published: May 2020

Low energy antideuteron detection presents a unique channel for indirect detection, targeting dark matter that annihilates into hadrons in a relatively background-free way. Since the idea was first proposed, many WIMP-type models have already been disfavored by direct detection experiments, and current constraints indicate that any thermal relic candidates likely annihilate through some hidden sector process. In this paper, we show that cosmic ray antideuteron detection experiments represent one of the best ways to search for hidden sector thermal relic dark matter, and in particular investigate a vector portal dark matter that annihilates via a massive dark photon. We find that the parameter space with thermal relic annihilation and

$$ {m}_{\chi }>{m}_{A\prime}\underset{\sim }{>} $$

m
χ

>

m

A
′

>
~

20 GeV is largely unconstrained, and near future antideuteron experiment GAPS will be able to probe models in this space with m

χ
 ≈ m

A′ up to masses of O (100 GeV). Specifically the dark matter models favored by the Fermi Galactic center excess is expected to be detected or constrained at the 5(3) −σ level assuming a optimistic (conservative) propagation model.
Präklinisches Management bei Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand – extrakorporale kardiopulmonale Reanimation
Authors: Lotz C. , Muellenbach R. M. , Meybohm P. , Rolfes C. , Wulf H. , Reyher C.
Published: May 2020

Hintergrund

Die Überlebenschancen nach präklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand sind weiterhin sehr gering. Trotz intensiver Bemühungen bleibt das Outcome seit vielen Jahren weitestgehend konstant. Neue Technologien wie die extrakorporale kardiopulmonale Reanimation (eCPR) können in bestimmten Situationen möglicherweise das Überleben mit gutem neurologischen Outcome signifikant verbessern.

Fragestellung

Beeinflusst die sofortige Reperfusion und Reoxygenierung des Körpers mittels eCPR das Überleben nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand? Bedarf es einer Erweiterung der „chain of survival“ um die eCPR?

Material und Methoden

Diskussion aktueller Studienergebnisse und Leitlinienempfehlungen.

Ergebnisse

Die Überlebensraten nach präklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand sind weltweit seit vielen Jahren unverändert bei 10–30 %. Trotz geringer Fallzahlen zeigen neuere retrospektive Studien, dass durch die eCPR eine Verbesserung des Outcome erzielt werden kann. In selektionierten Patientenkollektiven ist ein Überleben mit gutem neurologischen Outcome von 38 % möglich.

Schlussfolgerung

Ob und mit welcher Lebensqualität ein Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand überlebt werden kann, ist von vielen unterschiedlichen Faktoren abhängig. Der Faktor Zeit, also die Vermeidung einer „No-flow-Phase“ und die Reduktion der „Low-flow-Phase“, ist von zentraler Bedeutung. Durch die sofortige Wiederherstellung von Zirkulation und Sauerstoffversorgung kann durch die eCPR das Überleben signifikant verbessert werden. Große kontrollierte, randomisierte Studien hierzu fehlen jedoch bisher.
Europäische Leitlinien (S1) für die Verwendung von hoch dosierten intravenösen Immunglobulinen in der Dermatologie
Authors: Hadaschik Eva , Eming Rüdiger , French Lars E. , Girolomoni Giampiero , Hertl Michael , Jolles Stephen , Karpati Sarolta , Steinbrink Kerstin , Stingl Georg , Volc-Platzer Beatrix , Zillikens Detlef , Enk Alexander
Published: May 2020

Hintergrund und Ziele

Die Behandlung schwerer dermatologischer Autoimmunerkrankungen und der toxischen epidermalen Nekrolyse (TEN) mit hoch dosierten intravenösen Immunglobulinen (IVIg) ist ein bewährtes therapeutisches Verfahren in der Dermatologie. Da eine IVIg-Therapie in der Regel nur bei seltenen Erkrankungen oder bei schweren Fällen in Betracht gezogen wird, stützt sich die Anwendung von Immunglobulinen zumeist nicht auf Daten aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien, wie sie in der evidenzbasierten Medizin erforderlich sind. Da Indikationen für die Anwendung von IVIg selten sind, ist es unwahrscheinlich, dass solche Studien in absehbarer Zeit durchgeführt werden. Da der Einsatz von IVIg als Therapie der ersten Wahl aufgrund der hohen Kosten begrenzt ist, wurden erste klinische Leitlinien für die Anwendung von IVIg bei dermatologischen Erkrankungen im Jahr 2008 herausgegeben und im Jahr 2011 überarbeitet.

Patienten und Methoden

Die europäischen Leitlinien wurden von einer Gruppe durch das EDF („European Dermatology Forum“) und die EADV („European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology“) benannter Experten erarbeitet. Die Leitlinien wurden erstellt, um die derzeit als wirksam erachteten Behandlungsindikationen zu aktualisieren und die Evidenz der für die Anwendung von IVIg bei dermatologischen Autoimmunerkrankungen und TEN vorliegenden Daten zusammenzufassen.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Die vorliegenden Leitlinien repräsentieren die einvernehmliche Meinung und Definitionen von Experten zur Anwendung von IVIg, die die aktuell publizierten Daten widerspiegeln, und sollen als Entscheidungshilfe für den Einsatz von IVIg bei dermatologischen Erkrankungen dienen.
Symmetry and Multiplicity of Solutions in a Two-Dimensional Landau–de Gennes Model for Liquid Crystals
Authors: Ignat Radu , Nguyen Luc , Slastikov Valeriy , Zarnescu Arghir
Published: May 2020

We consider a variational two-dimensional Landau–de Gennes model in the theory of nematic liquid crystals in a disk of radius R. We prove that under a symmetric boundary condition carrying a topological defect of degree $$\frac{k}{2}$$k2 for some given even non-zero integer k, there are exactly two minimizers for all large enough R. We show that the minimizers do not inherit the full symmetry structure of the energy functional and the boundary data. We further show that there are at least five symmetric critical points.
Comparison of acute treatment with delayed-onset versus rapid-acting antidepressants on effort-related choice behaviour
Authors: Griesius Simonas , Mellor Jack R , Robinson Emma SJ
Published: May 2020

Rationale

Reward-related impairments are common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and may contribute to the loss of interest in pleasurable activities. A novel approach to studying reward-related decision-making are effort-based tasks; however, direct comparisons between delayed-onset and rapid-acting antidepressants (ADs) have not yet been carried out.

Objectives

To investigate the effects of conventional delayed-onset ADs versus rapid-acting ADs, ketamine and scopolamine, on effort-related choice behaviour.

Methods

Female Lister hooded rats were trained in an operant effort for reward task (EfRT) where animals choose between working for a high value-high effort reward and consuming low value-low effort chow. Using a within-subject study design, animals were then tested following acute treatment with different monoaminergic ADs, and the rapid-acting ADs ketamine or scopolamine.

Results

Consistent with previous findings, we found choice behaviour was sensitive to dopaminergic manipulations. We observed that pre-feeding altered choice behaviour and that the use of high or low value reward differentially affected behaviour. Monoamine re-uptake inhibitors and rapid-acting ADs resulted in similar, general patterns of reduced motivation without any evidence for specific effects, and we did not observe any clear differences between these classes of antidepressant.

Conclusions

Motivational changes induced by dopaminergic manipulations and pre-feeding differentially affect effort choice behaviour. However, both conventional delayed-onset ADs and ketamine and scopolamine appear to have detrimental effects on motivation in this task at the higher doses tested without any evidence of specificity for effort-related choice behaviour, in contrast to their specificity in tasks which look at more cognitive aspects of reward processing.
‘Sub-Prime’ Water, Low-Security Entitlements and Policy Challenges in Over-Allocated River Basins: the Case of the Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Moore Harriet Elizabeth , Rutherfurd Ian D. , Peel Murray C. , Horne Avril
Published: May 2020

Environmental policy is often implemented using market instruments. In some cases, including carbon taxing, the links between financial products and the environmental objectives, are transparent. In other cases, including water markets, the links are less transparent. In Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), financial water products are known as ‘entitlements’, and are similar to traditional financial products, such as shares. The Australian water market includes ‘Low Security’ entitlements, which are similar to ‘sub-prime’ mortgage bonds because they are unlikely to yield an amount equal to their financial worth. Nearly half the water purchased under the Murray–Darling Basin Plan for environmental purposes is ‘Low Security’. We suggest that the current portfolio of water held by the Australian Government for environmental purposes reflects the mortgage market in the lead-up to the global financial crisis. Banks assumed that the future value of the mortgage market would reflect past trends. Similarly, it is assumed that the future value of water products will reflect past trends, without considering climate change. Historic records of allocations to ‘Low Security’ entitlements in the MDB suggest that, in the context of climate change, the Basin Plan water portfolio may fall short of the target annual average yield of 2075 GL by 511 GL. We recommend adopting finance sector methods including ‘hedging’ ‘Low Security’ entitlements by purchasing an additional 322–2755 GL of ‘Low Security’, or 160–511 GL of ‘High Security’ entitlements. Securing reliable environmental water is a global problem. Finance economics present opportunities for increasing the reliability of environmental flows.
Vertrauenswürdige Kommunikation: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage
Authors: Herrmann Andrea
Published: May 2020

Datenschutz ist Vertrauenssache: Ein Kunde vertraut dem Anbieter einer digitalen Dienstleistung personenbezogene und persönliche Daten an und hofft, dass dieser sie erfolgreich beschützt und der Versuchung widersteht, sie zu unlauteren Zwecken zu missbrauchen. Dieses Vertrauen wird immer wieder enttäuscht. Sammelt eine Firma zentral große Mengen personenbezogener Daten ihrer Kunden, so bilden diese den Schatz der Firma, der ggf. verkauft oder gestohlen werden kann.

Der einzige sichere Schutz gegen solche Versuchungen besteht darin, eine zentrale Datenansammlung zu vermeiden. Technisch gibt es die Möglichkeit dazu, indem man für Kommunikation und Datenhaltung dezentrale, vertrauenswürdige Peer-to-Peer-Software (P2P) verwendet.

Im GI-Radar 249 hat die Gesellschaft für Informatik im Oktober 2019 eine Umfrage zu verschiedenen solchen Technologien durchgeführt. Herzlichen Dank den 148 Teilnehmer*innen, die den Fragebogen vollständig ausgefüllt haben!

In diesem Artikel werden zunächst drei Initiativen, dann einige Technologien und zuletzt die Ergebnisse der Umfrage vorgestellt.
Accreting coral reefs in a highly urbanized environment
Authors: Januchowski-Hartley Fraser A. , Bauman Andrew G. , Morgan Kyle M. , Seah Jovena C. L. , Huang Danwei , Todd Peter A.
Published: May 2020

Globally, many coral reefs have fallen into negative carbonate budget states, where biological erosion exceeds carbonate production. The compounding effects of urbanization and climate change have caused reductions in coral cover and shifts in community composition that may limit the ability of reefs to maintain rates of vertical accretion in line with rising sea levels. Here we report on coral reef carbonate budget surveys across seven coral reefs in Singapore, which persist under chronic turbidity and in highly disturbed environmental conditions, with less than 20% light penetration to 2 m depth. Results show that mean net carbonate budgets across Singapore’s reefs were relatively low, at 0.63 ± 0.27 kg CaCO3m−2yr−1(mean ± 1 SE) with a range from − 1.56 to 1.97, compared with the mean carbonate budgets across the Indo-Pacific of 1.4 ± 0.15 kg CaCO3m−2yr−1, and isolated Indian Ocean reefs pre-2016 bleaching (~ 3.7 kg CaCO3m−2yr−1). Of the seven reefs surveyed, only one reef had a net negative, or erosional budget, due to near total loss of coral cover (< 5% remaining coral). Mean gross carbonate production on Singapore’s reefs was dominated by stress-tolerant and generalist species, with low-profile morphologies, and was ~ 3 kg m−2yr−1lower than on reefs with equivalent coral cover elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific. While overall these reefs are maintaining and adding carbonate structure, their mean vertical accretion potential is below both current rates of sea level rise (1993–2010), and future predictions under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. This is likely to result in an increase of 0.2–0.6 m of water above Singapore’s reefs in the next 80 yr, further narrowing the depth range over which these reefs can persist.
Correction to: Caregiver burden and its related factors in advanced Parkinson’s disease: data from the PREDICT study
Authors: Tessitore Alessandro , Marano Pietro , Modugno Nicola , Pontieri Francesco E. , Tambasco Nicola , Canesi Margherita , Latorre Anna , Lopiano Leonardo , Sensi Mariachiara , Quatrale Rocco , Solla Paolo , Defazio Giovanni , Melzi Gabriella , Costanzo Anna Maria , Gualberti Giuliana , di Luzio Paparatti Umberto , Antonini Angelo
Published: May 2020

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. In the Figure
Correction to: Optical coherence tomography shows neuroretinal thinning in myelopathy of adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: van Ballegoij Wouter J. C. , Kuijpers Sander C. , Huffnagel Irene C. , Weinstein Henry C. , Poll‑The Bwee Tien , Engelen Marc , Bennebroek Carlien A. M. , Verbraak Frank D.
Published: May 2020

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake
An update on MSA: premotor and non-motor features open a window of opportunities for early diagnosis and intervention
Authors: Chelban Viorica , Catereniuc Daniela , Aftene Daniela , Gasnas Alexandru , Vichayanrat Ekawat , Iodice Valeria , Groppa Stanislav , Houlden Henry
Published: May 2020

In this review, we describe the wide clinical spectrum of features that can be seen in multiple system atrophy (MSA) with a focus on the premotor phase and the non-motor symptoms providing an up-to-date overview of the current understanding in this fast-growing field. First, we highlight the non-motor features at disease onset when MSA can be indistinguishable from pure autonomic failure or other chronic neurodegenerative conditions. We describe the progression of clinical features to aid the diagnosis of MSA early in the disease course. We go on to describe the levels of diagnostic certainty and we discuss MSA subtypes that do not fit into the current diagnostic criteria, highlighting the complexity of the disease as well as the need for revised diagnostic tools. Second, we describe the pathology, clinical description, and investigations of cardiovascular autonomic failure, urogenital and sexual dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, and respiratory and REM-sleep behavior disorders, which may precede the motor presentation by months or years. Their presence at presentation, even in the absence of ataxia and parkinsonism, should be regarded as highly suggestive of the premotor phase of MSA. Finally, we discuss how the recognition of the broader spectrum of clinical features of MSA and especially the non-motor features at disease onset represent a window of opportunity for disease-modifying interventions.
Physiological responses during simulated 16 km recumbent handcycling time trial and determinants of performance in trained handcyclists
Authors: Stone Benjamin , Mason Barry S. , Stephenson Ben T. , Goosey-Tolfrey Vicky L.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

To characterise the physiological profiles of trained handcyclists, during recumbent handcycling, to describe the physiological responses during a 16 km time trial (TT) and to identify the determinants of this TT performance.

Methods

Eleven male handcyclists performed a sub-maximal and maximal incremental exercise test in their recumbent handbike, attached to a Cyclus II ergometer. A physiological profile, including peak aerobic power output (POPeak), peak rate of oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$V˙O2Peak), aerobic lactate threshold (AeLT) and PO at 4 mmol L−1 (PO4), were determined. Participants also completed a 16 km simulated TT using the same experimental set-up. Determinants of TT performance were identified using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Mean values of POPeak = 252 ± 9 W, $$\dot{V}$$V˙O2Peak = 3.30 ± 0.36 L min−1 (47.0 ± 6.8 mL kg−1 min−1), AeLT = 87 ± 13 W and PO4 = 154 ± 14 W were recorded. The TT was completed in 29:21 ± 0:59 min:s at an intensity equivalent to 69 ± 4% POPeak and 87 ± 5% $$\dot{V}$$V˙O2Peak. POPeak (r = − 0.77, P = 0.006), PO4 (r = − 0.77, P = 0.006) and AeLT (r = − 0.68, P = 0.022) were significantly correlated with TT performance. PO4 and POPeak were identified as the best predictors of TT performance (r = 0.89, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

POPeak, PO4 and AeLT are important physiological TT performance determinants in trained handcyclists, differentiating between superior and inferior performance, whereas $$\dot{V}$$V˙O2peak was not. The TT took place at an intensity corresponding to 69% POPeak and 87% $$\dot{V}$$V˙O2peak.
Direct and indirect surface geochemical methods in petroleum exploration: a case study from eastern part of the Polish Outer Carpathians
Authors: Sechman Henryk , Guzy Piotr , Kaszuba Paulina , Wojas Anna , Machowski Grzegorz , Twaróg Anna , Maślanka Adrianna
Published: May 2020

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between the distributions of direct and indirect, surface geochemical indices in the selected part of the Outer Carpathians. The research included analysis of molecular composition of soil gas samples and calcite contents as well as the measurements of magnetic susceptibility and pH of soil samples. The survey contained 96 soil gas samples collected from 1.2 m depth and 96 soil samples taken from interval 0.7–0.8 m depth. The maximum concentrations of methane, total alkanes C2–C5 and total alkenes C2–C4 were: 2100, 10.43 and 0.772 ppm. The magnetic susceptibility values changed from 3.6 to 21.5 x 10–8 m3/kg. The calcium carbonate contents varied from 0.02 to 29.92 wt% and the pH values measured in soil solutions obtained changed from 4.5 to 8.3. Although the results demonstrate no correlation between the direct soil gas anomalies and the indirect geochemical indicators, the integrated profiles in Fig. 7 suggest possible haloes in the calcite/magnetic data that could be related to hydrocarbons migrating from depth. There are, however, various independent mechanisms that might control the appearance of these mineral anomalies. Secondary changes of mineral composition of soils disclosed by the indirect methods, even if controlled by hydrocarbon migration throughout geological time, might cause some closure of migration pathways, influencing the location of active hydrocarbon migration pathways. Comprehensive interpretation of the results obtained by direct and indirect methods in this paper provides another positive example helping to better understand the complicated mechanism of hydrocarbon migration and the potential usefulness of indirect methods suitable for hydrocarbon exploration.
Cases for the sole effect of the Indian Ocean Dipole in the rapid phase transition of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Yoo Jae-Hwi , Moon Suyeon , Ha Kyung-Ja , Yun Kyung-Sook , Lee June-Yi
Published: May 2020

The role of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) in the rapid phase transition of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has received much attention over the last few decades. However, the distinctive role of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and its underlying dynamics in controlling the rapid transition remains debatable, since it is difficult to isolate the sole effect of the IOD using observation. By conducting model experiments, this study demonstrated that the positive IOD cases could contribute to the rapid phase transition from El Niño to La Niña without the assistance of the Indian Ocean Basin–wide Mode. The westerly wind anomalies over the tropical western Pacific induced not only the El Niño phase via descending Kelvin waves in the equatorial eastern Pacific but also the SST cooling in the off-equatorial western Pacific via ascending Rossby waves. The positive feedback between the upwelling Rossby waves and cool SST maintained the Philippine Sea anticyclone anomalies. The accompanying easterly wind anomalies over the tropical western Pacific triggered upwelling oceanic Kelvin waves, leading to the occurrence of La Niña. This study shows the possible role of the IOD in the rapid phase transition of ENSO.
Tackle your Tics: pilot findings of a brief, intensive group-based exposure therapy program for children with tic disorders
Authors: Heijerman-Holtgrefe A. P. , Verdellen C. W. J. , van de Griendt J. M. T. M. , Beljaars L. P. L. , Kan K. J. , Cath D. , Hoekstra P. J. , Huyser C. , Utens E. M. W. J.
Published: May 2020

Tourette syndrome (TS) and other chronic tic disorders (CTD) are prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, which can have a huge burden on families and society. Behavioral treatment is a first-line intervention for tic disorders. Despite demonstrated efficacy, tic reduction and utilization rates of behavioral treatment remain relatively low. Patient associations point to an urgent need for easy-to-undergo treatments that focus both on tic reduction and improvement of quality of life. To enhance treatment outcome and overcome treatment barriers, this pilot study’s aim was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary results of a brief, intensive group-based treatment. Tackle your Tics is a 4-day intensive and comprehensive group-based program for children and adolescents (9–17 years) with a tic disorder, consisting of exposure and response prevention (ERP) treatment and additional supporting components, such as coping strategies, relaxing activities and parent support. Assessments were performed pre- and post-treatment and at 2 months follow-up, to test outcomes on tic severity and quality of life, and explore premonitory urges, emotional and behavioral functioning and treatment satisfaction (N = 14, of whom 13 completed the treatment). Parents and children rated this treatment positive on a treatment satisfaction questionnaire. On tic severity (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale) and quality of life (Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Quality of Life Scale for children and adolescents), improvements between pre-treatment and follow-up were found. Intensive ERP in group format is promising as a feasible treatment to improve both tic severity as well as quality of life. Larger controlled trials are needed to establish its effectiveness.
Über die WTO hinaus — Eckpunkte einer zukunftsfähigen Handelsordnung nach Corona
Authors:   ZG Überblick
Published: May 2020

Die Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) mit ihren Aufgaben, Handelshemmnisse abzubauen, den internationalen Handel zu liberalisieren und Handelskonflikte zu schlichten, ist stark angeschlagen. In der 25-jährigen Geschichte der Organisation kam es trotz Regelgleichheit zu unterschiedlich erfolgreichen Ländergruppen. Die Schwellen- und Industrieländer zählen zu den Gewinnern, die zudem seit der Finanzkrise 2008 immer stärkere protektionistische Tendenzen aufweisen. Die Corona-Krise verschärft diese Tendenzen noch. Multilaterale Abkommen gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Wichtig ist es, dass Europa seine strukturellen Schwächen abbaut und seine Verhandlungsposition gegenüber China und den USA stärkt.
Negativzinsen, Überschussreserven und Tiering der EZB: Wie stark sind die Banken belastet?
Authors: Klose Jens
Published: May 2020

Zussamenfassung

Die Europäische Zentralbank hat im Juni 2014 ihren Einlagezinssatz erstmals in den negativen Bereich gesenkt. Seitdem ist er in mehreren Stufen bis auf heute −0,5 % gesunken. Banken haben dadurch zunehmend Probleme, ihre Einlagen ohne großes Risiko und nominalen Wertverlust anzulegen. Der negative Einlagezins war aber noch nie die effektive Untergrenze für Einlagen bei der EZB und durch die Entscheidung im September 2019 ist, insbesondere durch das neu eingeführte Tiering-Programm der EZB, der Durchschnittszins sogar gestiegen und nicht etwa gefallen. Durch dieses Programm hat die EZB für Entlastung gesorgt, von der die Banken im Euroraum aber unterschiedlich profitieren.
Adolf Lorenz und sein Mentor Eduard Albert
Authors: Holzer Gerold , Kokešová Helena
Published: May 2020

Am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts ermöglichte die Reichshauptstadt der k.k. Donaumonarchie, Wien, die Begegnung zweier bedeutender Persönlichkeiten der Medizingeschichte: des Chirurgen Eduard Albert (1841–1900) und dessen Schüler Adolf Lorenz (1854–1946). Beide Männer wiesen vergleichbare Züge auf: Sie stammten aus bescheidenen Verhältnissen, waren außergewöhnlich begabt und sehnten sich nach einer Karriere in der medizinischen Königsdisziplin – der Chirurgie. Beide erreichten in ihren Disziplinen die höchsten Ziele, aber das Spektrum ihrer Interessen war sehr viel breiter angelegt. Über das Leben beider und ihre Kontakte zueinander soll hier berichtet werden. Dabei konnte auch das „Gedenkbuch des Hauses Nr. 528“ von Eduard Albert in Senftenberg ausgewertet werden.
ASEAN and the EU Challenged by “Divide and Rule” Strategies of the US and China Evidence and Possible Reactions
Authors: Chirathivat Suthiphand , Langhammer Rolf J.
Published: May 2020

The US and China have launched attacks upon the coherence of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the European Union (EU) by offering individual member states privileges if they depart from common policies of the two integration schemes. The article describes the motivation behind these offers and the ways how they are addressed to the member states. It sees such “divide and rule” policies as serious challenges for the collective bargaining power the ASEAN and the EU and discusses strategies to counter these challenges. For both the US and China, the authors see economic and political targets as the main motivation. Economically, each of the two countries wants to gain superiority in pathing free ways for their suppliers of technology, goods and services to the markets of the two schemes against the competitive pressure of the other country. Politically, the two schemes have become contested areas in geopolitical struggles between the two countries. For the EU as the more advanced scheme of deep integration, the paper recommends a closer convergence between EU policies and the demand of the electorate, to prefer more cooperation projects over deeper integration steps and to motivate the private sector, in particular foreign investors to stand up against “divide and rule “strategies. For ASEAN, it is important to see the Sino-US conflict as a long term challenge, to prevent the region from becoming a Chinese backyard, and to deepen integration by removing non-tariff barriers to trade within ASEAN.
Trust and Social Control: Sources of Cooperation, Performance, and Stability in Informal Value Transfer Systems
Authors: Gräbner Claudius , Elsner Wolfram , Lascaux Alex
Published: May 2020

We study the functioning of informal value transfer systems through the example of Hawala. By complementing the institutional theory with computational experiments that use the first agent-based model of IVTS, we examine the roles of generalized trust and social control for the emergence, stability, and efficiency of Hawala. We show that both trust and control are necessary, but not sufficient to guarantee its functioning, and that their relationship is time-dependent. The success of Hawala also depends on population size, interaction density, and forgiveness of the agents. Finally, we provide a theoretically grounded operationalization of generalized trust and social control that is applicable to informal exchange systems in general.
Optical design of the multi-wavelength imaging coronagraph Metis for the solar orbiter mission
Authors: Fineschi S. , Naletto G. , Romoli M. , Da Deppo V. , Antonucci E. , Moses D. , Malvezzi A.M. , Nicolini G. , Spadaro D. , Teriaca L. , Andretta V. , Capobianco G. , Crescenzio G. , Focardi M. , Frassetto F. , Landini F. , Massone G. , Melich R. , Nicolosi P. , Pancrazzi M. , Pelizzo M.G. , Poletto L. , Schühle U. , Uslenghi M. , Vives S. , Solanki S.K. , Heinzel P. , Berlicki A. , Cesare S. , Morea D. , Mottini S. , Sandri P. , Alvarez-Herrero A. , Castronuovo M.
Published: May 2020

This paper describes the innovative optical design of the Metis coronagraph for the Solar Orbiter ESA-NASA mission. Metis is a multi-wavelength, externally occulted telescope for the imaging of the solar corona in both the visible and ultraviolet wavelength ranges. Metis adopts a novel occultation scheme for the solar disk, that we named “inverse external occulter”, for reducing the extremely high thermal load on the instrument at the spacecraft perihelion. The core of the Metis optical design is an aplanatic Gregorian telescope common to both the visible and ultraviolet channels. A suitable dichroic beam-splitter, optimized for transmitting a narrow-band in the ultraviolet (121.6 nm, HI Lyman-α) and reflecting a broadband in the visible (580–640 nm) spectral range, is used to separate the two optical paths. Along the visible light optical path, a liquid crystal electro-optical modulator, used for the first time in space, allows making polarimetric measurements.
Exploring the contribution of social capital in building resilience for climate change effects in peri-urban areas, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mngumi Lazaro Eliyah
Published: May 2020

This article aims to contribute to the literature on the quest for resilient cities by focusing on the climate change resilience building discourse in peri-urban areas, and specifically by exploring the role of social capital-an under-researched topic. The article examines bonding social capital and bridging social capital, with a focus on how they can potentially contribute to, or inhibit, the socio-ecological system resilience building processes in the context of climate change reality in peri-urban areas. Theoretically, the author draws on the existing social capital and resilience related literatures; empirically, the article presents findings from a study conducted in the peri-urban areas of Pugu and Kazimzumbwi forest reserves on the outskirts of Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania. The study deployed a household survey and key informant interviews. It found that both bonding and bridging social capital were strong in the research area, suggesting the feasibility of building resilience to climate change effects. Examples are given of a number of resilience building interventions that were established through synergies between social capital actors and local communities, although some doubt is cast over the sustainability of these initiatives. Overall, both theoretical and empirical evidence suggests the importance of including a focus on social capital in exploring the building of climate change resilience pathways in peri-urban areas, and especially in the context of the global south.
Is jugular bulb oximetry monitoring associated with outcome in out of hospital cardiac arrest patients?
Authors: Richter Jaromir , Sklienka Peter , Setra Adarsh Eshappa , Zahorec Roman , Das Samaresh , Chatterjee Nilay
Published: May 2020

Cerebral protection against secondary hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a key priority area in post-resuscitation intensive care management in survivors of cardiac arrest. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the incidence, diagnosis and its’ impact on neurological outcome remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to evaluate jugular bulb oximetry as a potential monitoring modality to detect the incidences of desaturation episodes during post-cardiac arrest intensive care management and to evaluate their subsequent impact on neurological outcome. We conducted a prospective, observational study in unconscious adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit who had successful resuscitation following out of hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac causes. All the patients were treated as per European Resuscitation Council 2015 guidelines and they received jugular bulb catheter. Jugular bulb oximetry measurements were performed at six hourly intervals. The neurological outcomes were evaluated on 90th day after the cardiac arrest by cerebral performance categories scale. Forty patients met the eligibility criteria. Measurements of jugular venous oxygen saturation were performed for 438 times. Altogether, we found 2 incidences of jugular bulb oxygen saturation less than 50% (2/438; 0.46%), and 4 incidences when it was less than 55% (4/438; 0.91%). The study detected an association between SjVO2 and CO2 (r = 0.26), each 1 kPa increase in CO2 led to an increase in SjvO2 by 3.4% + / − 0.67 (p < 0.0001). There was no association between SjvO2 and PaO2 or SjvO2 and MAP. We observed a statistically significant higher mean SjvO2 (8.82% + / − 2.05, p < 0.0001) in unfavorable outcome group. The episodes of brain hypoxia detected by jugular bulb oxygen saturation were rare during post-resuscitation intensive care management in out of hospital cardiac arrest patients. Therefore, this modality of monitoring may not yield any additional information towards prevention of secondary hypoxic ischemic brain injury in post cardiac arrest survivors. Other factors contributing towards high jugular venous saturation needs to be considered.
Is it really chaos? The complexity of transient dynamics of double pendula
Authors: Dudkowski Dawid , Wojewoda Jerzy , Czołczyński Krzysztof , Kapitaniak Tomasz
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we re-examine the dynamics of double pendulum in numerical simulations and experimental observations. Typical types of behaviors of the parametrically excited double pendula are presented, including chaos, rotations and periodic oscillations, and the bifurcation analysis is performed, exhibiting complex transitions from one type of motion into another. The character of the observed dynamics is analyzed using Lyapunov exponents, which confirms the hyperchaotic nature of the system. Particular attention is paid to the transient behaviors, showing that the length of the irregular motion can be extremely sensitive to both parameters and initial conditions. Apart from the single double pendulum, we consider also the case of two coupled double pendula, connected by a typical linear scheme. Our results show that depending on the network’s parameters, one can observe the phenomenon of a transient chaotic synchronization, during which the units spontaneously synchronize and desynchronize. The loss of coherence is strictly related to the motion of the pendula around the unstable equilibrium of the system, which has been confirmed in the scenario of pure chaotic oscillations. We determine the regions of the occurrence of transient synchronization in the coupling parameters’ plane, as well as study the statistical properties of the observed patterns. We show that the problem of determining the final dynamical attractor of the system is not straightforward.
Automated crop plant counting from very high-resolution aerial imagery
Authors: Valente João , Sari Bilal , Kooistra Lammert , Kramer Henk , Mücher Sander
Published: May 2020

Knowing before harvesting how many plants have emerged and how they are growing is key in optimizing labour and efficient use of resources. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are a useful tool for fast and cost efficient data acquisition. However, imagery need to be converted into operational spatial products that can be further used by crop producers to have insight in the spatial distribution of the number of plants in the field. In this research, an automated method for counting plants from very high-resolution UAV imagery is addressed. The proposed method uses machine vision—Excess Green Index and Otsu’s method—and transfer learning using convolutional neural networks to identify and count plants. The integrated methods have been implemented to count 10 weeks old spinach plants in an experimental field with a surface area of 3.2 ha. Validation data of plant counts were available for 1/8 of the surface area. The results showed that the proposed methodology can count plants with an accuracy of 95% for a spatial resolution of 8 mm/pixel in an area up to 172 m2. Moreover, when the spatial resolution decreases with 50%, the maximum additional counting error achieved is 0.7%. Finally, a total amount of 170 000 plants in an area of 3.5 ha with an error of 42.5% was computed. The study shows that it is feasible to count individual plants using UAV-based off-the-shelf products and that via machine vision/learning algorithms it is possible to translate image data in non-expert practical information.
The Low Dimensionality of Development
Authors: Kraemer Guido , Reichstein Markus , Camps-Valls Gustau , Smits Jeroen , Mahecha Miguel D.
Published: May 2020

The World Bank routinely publishes over 1500 “World Development Indicators” to track the socioeconomic development at the country level. A range of indices has been proposed to interpret this information. For instance, the “Human Development Index” was designed to specifically capture development in terms of life expectancy, education, and standard of living. However, the general question which independent dimensions are essential to capture all aspects of development still remains open. Using a nonlinear dimensionality reduction approach we aim to extract the core dimensions of development in a highly efficient way. We find that more than 90% of variance in the WDIs can be represented by solely five uncorrelated dimensions. The first dimension, explaining 74% of variance, represents the state of education, health, income, infrastructure, trade, population, and pollution. Although this dimension resembles the HDI, it explains much more variance. The second dimension (explaining 10% of variance) differentiates countries by gender ratios, labor market, and energy production patterns. Here, we differentiate societal structures when comparing e.g. countries from the Middle-East to the Post-Soviet area. Our analysis confirms that most countries show rather consistent temporal trends towards wealthier and aging societies. We can also find deviations from the long-term trajectories during warfare, environmental disasters, or fundamental political changes. The data-driven nature of the extracted dimensions complements classical indicator approaches, allowing a broader exploration of global development space. The extracted independent dimensions represent different aspects of development that need to be considered when proposing new metric indices.
Selection of culture conditions for callus induction and proliferation by somatic embryogenesis of Pinus koraiensis
Authors: Gao Fang , Peng Chunxue , Wang Hao , Shen Hailong , Yang Ling
Published: May 2020

The induction and proliferation of embryogenic callus are key steps for large-scale propagation of somatic embryogenesis pathway and long-term preservation of coniferous germplasm. Callus can be induced from immature embryos of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.; Pinaceae) as explants, but there are problems, such as low proliferation efficiency, loss of embryogenicity, poor vigor; thus, best conditions for proliferation and culture of immature embryos of Korean pine are not yet clear. To solve the problems with somatic embryogenesis of Korean pine and determine the best culture conditions for callus induction and proliferation, we varied hormone concentration, subculture cycle of proliferation and other plant growth regulators combinations in media to induce callus formation by megagametophytes of three Korean pine families at different developmental stages, then analyzed the effects on embryogenic callus retention and cell proliferation using a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation design. The results showed that the family origin and collection date of explants significantly affected callus induction (induction rate reached 1.67%). Embryogenic maintenance and callus proliferation were best on DCR medium supplemented with 0.25 mg L−1 6-benzyl adenine, 1 mg L−1 naphthaleneacetic acid, 30 g L−1 sucrose, 500 mg L−1, l-glutamine, 500 mg L−1 casein hydrolysis and 6.5 g L−1 agar. In addition, the combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 6-benzyl adenine also had a better proliferative effect on callus. The effects of different combinations of growth regulators on callus proliferation efficiency were significantly different. Transfer to new medium every 13–15 days not only maintained robust callus vigor, but also yielded a larger proliferation coefficient. The techniques and conditions for embryogenic callus induction and proliferation of Korean determined here will serve as a foundation for establishing a large-scale system for somatic embryogenesis and propagation of Korean pine.
New systemic treatment options in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Authors: Seidl-Philipp Magdalena , Nguyen Van Anh
Published: May 2020

Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The most common type of CTCL is Mycosis fungoides (MF). Much less common but clinically and histopathologically related to MF is Sézary syndrome (SS). CTCL are incurable and associated with a reduced quality of life. While early stage MF has a good prognosis and is usually treated with skin directed therapies, advanced-stages require systemic therapies, including retinoids, interferon, cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs, low-dose methotrexate, histone deacetylase inhibitors and alemtuzumab. However, relapses are frequent and long-term remissions are achieved only in few cases, e.g. with allogenic stem cell transplantation. In recent years, new therapeutic options have evolved by the approval of brentuximab vedotin and mogamulizumab. Both recently approved therapies demonstrated superiority with regard to overall response rate and progression free survival over traditional systemic therapies. Other promising treatments such as lacutamab and PD-1/L-1 inhibitors are in the pipeline, and more therapeutic agents are currently investigated in clinical trials.
How do business model tools facilitate business model exploration? Evidence from action research
Authors: Athanasopoulou Alexia , De Reuver Mark
Published: May 2020

Business model tools are commonly used to describe and communicate business model ideas. However, studies do not sufficiently address whether and how business model tools support the early, exploratory phase in which new business models are initiated, conceptualized, assessed and planned. In this exploratory phase, offerings and addressable markets are highly uncertain, which requires extensive idea generation, reframing, comparison and evaluation. This paper examines whether and how business model tools facilitate the process of business model exploration. Through action research, we find three ways in which business model tools can better facilitate the process of exploring, reframing and comparing alternative business models. The paper contributes to business model literature and managerial practice by providing empirical evidence on how tooling facilitates business model exploration.