bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of plant genotype and soil on the wheat rhizosphere microbiome: evidences for a core microbiome across eight African and European soils
Authors: Simonin Marie , Dasilva Cindy , Terzi Valeria , Ngonkeu Eddy L M , Diouf Diégane , Kane Aboubacry , Béna Gilles , Moulin Lionel
Published: April 2020

Here, we assessed the relative influence of wheat genotype, agricultural practices (conventional vs organic) and soil type on the rhizosphere microbiome. We characterized the prokaryotic (archaea and bacteria) and eukaryotic (fungi and protists) communities in soils from four different countries (Cameroon, France, Italy, Senegal) and determined if a rhizosphere core microbiome existed across these different countries. The wheat genotype had a limited effect on the rhizosphere microbiome (2% of variance) as the majority of the microbial taxa were consistently associated to multiple wheat genotypes grown in the same soil. Large differences in taxa richness and in community structure were observed between the eight soils studied (57% variance) and the two agricultural practices (10% variance). Despite these differences between soils, we observed that 177 taxa (2 archaea, 103 bacteria, 41 fungi and 31 protists) were consistently detected in the rhizosphere, constituting a core microbiome. In addition to being prevalent, these core taxa were highly abundant and collectively represented 50% of the reads in our data set. Based on these results, we identify a list of key taxa as future targets of culturomics, metagenomics and wheat synthetic microbiomes. Additionally, we show that protists are an integral part of the wheat holobiont that is currently overlooked.
Differential Expression of Immune Genes between Two Closely Related Beetle Species with Different Immunocompetence following Attack by Asecodes parviclava
Authors: Yang Xuyue , Fors Lisa , Slotte Tanja , Theopold Ulrich , Binzer-Panchal Mahesh , Wheat Christopher W , Hambäck Peter A
Published: April 2020

Endoparasitoid wasps are important natural enemies of many insect species and are major selective forces on the host immune system. Despite increased interest in insect antiparasitoid immunity, there is sparse information on the evolutionary dynamics of biological pathways and gene regulation involved in host immune defense outside Drosophila species. We de novo assembled transcriptomes from two beetle species and used time-course differential expression analysis to investigate gene expression differences in closely related species Galerucella pusilla and G. calmariensis that are, respectively, resistant and susceptible against parasitoid infection by Asecodes parviclava parasitoids. Approximately 271 million and 224 million paired-ended reads were assembled and filtered to form 52,563 and 59,781 transcripts for G. pusilla and G. calmariensis, respectively. In the whole-transcriptome level, an enrichment of functional categories related to energy production, biosynthetic process, and metabolic process was exhibited in both species. The main difference between species appears to be immune response and wound healing process mounted by G. pusilla larvae. Using reciprocal BLAST against the Drosophila melanogaster proteome, 120 and 121 immune-related genes were identified in G. pusilla and G. calmariensis, respectively. More immune genes were differentially expressed in G. pusilla than in G. calmariensis, in particular genes involved in signaling, hematopoiesis, and melanization. In contrast, only one gene was differentially expressed in G. calmariensis. Our study characterizes important genes and pathways involved in different immune functions after parasitoid infection and supports the role of signaling and hematopoiesis genes as key players in host immunity in Galerucella against parasitoid wasps.
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Adaptations to Maximal Strength Training in Older Adults
Authors: Berg Ole Kristian , Kwon Oh Sung , Hureau Thomas J , Clifton Heather L , Thurston Taylor S , Le Fur Yann , Jeong Eun-Kee , Trinity Joel D , Richardson Russell S , Wang Eivind , Layec Gwenael
Published: April 2020

Maximal strength training (MST) results in robust improvements in skeletal muscle force production, efficiency, and mass. However, the effects of MST on muscle mitochondria are still unknown. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine, from the molecular level to whole-muscle, mitochondrial adaptations induced by 8 weeks of knee-extension MST in the quadriceps of 10 older adults using immunoblotting, spectrophotometry, high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized muscle fibers, in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), and gas exchange. As anticipated, MST resulted in an increased isometric knee-extensor force from 133 ± 36 to 147 ± 49 Nm (p < .05) and quadriceps muscle volume from 1,410 ± 103 to 1,555 ± 455 cm3 (p < .05). Mitochondrial complex (I–V) protein abundance and citrate synthase activity were not significantly altered by MST. Assessed ex vivo, maximal ADP-stimulated respiration (state 3CI+CII, PRE: 23 ± 6 and POST: 14 ± 5 ρM·mg−1·s−1, p < .05), was decreased by MST, predominantly, as a result of a decline in complex I-linked respiration (p < .05). Additionally, state 3 free-fatty acid linked respiration was decreased following MST (PRE: 19 ± 5 and POST: 14 ± 3 ρM·mg−1·s−1, p < .05). Assessed in vivo, MST slowed the PCr recovery time constant (PRE: 49 ± 13 and POST: 57 ± 16 seconds, p < .05) and lowered, by ~20% (p = .055), the quadriceps peak rate of oxidative ATP synthesis, but did not significantly alter the oxidation of lipid. Although these, likely qualitative, mitochondrial adaptations are potentially negative in terms of skeletal muscle energetic capacity, they need to be considered in light of the many improvements in muscle function that MST affords older adults.
Self-Efficacy of Older People Using Technology to Self-Manage COPD, Hypertension, Heart Failure, or Dementia at Home: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Chalfont Garuth , Mateus Céu , Varey Sandra , Milligan Christine
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives

Although telehealth research among the general population is voluminous, the quality of studies is low and results are mixed. Little is known specifically concerning older people and their self-efficacy to engage with and benefit from such technologies. This article reviews the evidence for which self-care telehealth technology supports the self-efficacy of older people with long-term conditions (LTCs) living at home.

Research Design and Methods

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA) guidelines, this overview of systematic reviews focused on four LTCs and the concept of “self-efficacy.” Quality was appraised using R-AMSTAR and study evaluation was guided by the PRISMS taxonomy for reporting of self-management support. Heterogeneous data evidencing technology-enhanced self-efficacy were narratively synthesized.

Results

Five included articles contained 74 primary studies involving 9,004 participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, heart failure, or dementia. Evidence for self-care telehealth technology supporting the self-efficacy of older people with LTCs living at home was limited. Self-efficacy was rarely an outcome, also attrition and dropout rates and mediators of support or education. The pathway from telehealth to self-efficacy depended on telehealth modes and techniques promoting healthy lifestyles. Increased self-care and self-monitoring empowered self-efficacy, patient activation, or mastery.

Discussion and Implications

Future research needs to focus on the process by which the intervention works and the effects of mediating variables and mechanisms through which self-management is achieved. Self-efficacy, patient activation, and motivation are critical components to telehealth’s adoption by the patient and hence to the success of self-care in self-management of LTCs. Their invisibility as outcomes is a limitation.
Community participation and empowerment approaches to Aedes mosquito management in high-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Allen Tammy , Crouch Alan , Topp Stephanie M
Published: April 2020

High-income countries (HICs) in sub-tropical and tropical regions are at an increasing risk of Aedes mosquito-borne disease (MBD) outbreaks such as dengue fever. As the Aedes mosquito predominately lives and breeds in and around people’s homes, community participation in MBD management is an important part of preventing MBD outbreaks. Historically, government-led strategies have dominated community participation efforts as opposed to strategies co-designed or led by the community. A scoping review was conducted to describe the community participation and empowering approaches used in Aedes mosquito management specifically in HICs, and to identify any reported outcomes of these methods. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature using electronic databases Medline (OVID), Web of Science, Scopus and ProQuest—Science and Technology as well as grey literature, found 19 studies that matched the review criteria. The review findings highlight a lack of empirical evidence to inform participatory and empowering approaches to mosquito management in HICs. Moreover, the rationale for using predominantly government-led approaches is not clear. Further research is required to better understand best approaches and barriers to employing empowering approaches in mosquito management in HICs.
Implementation of health education interventions at Dutch music schools
Authors: Baadjou Vera A E , Ackermann Bronwen J , Verbunt Jeanine A M C F , van Eijsden-Besseling Marjon D F , de Bie Rob A , Smeets Rob J E M
Published: April 2020

A randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing the effects of a biopsychosocial course (PRESTO-Play) vs. physical activity promotion (PRESTO-Fit) to reduce disability related to musculoskeletal disorders in music students. The current study provides an external validation and a formative and process evaluation, allowing for a better interpretation of results. First, a group of experts was asked to complete a structured evaluation of design and content of the trial. Second, quantitative and qualitative data were analysed from different stakeholders (students, therapists and conservatory staff) using questionnaires, logs, field notes and emails to evaluate fidelity, dose delivered, dose received, reach and context. Results are presented descriptively. Two authors independently identified key responses that were merged into themes. Although no difference in disability was found between interventions, closer evaluation revealed that participants in PRESTO-Play reported that they learned about prevention of physical complaints and were more satisfied with course contents compared with PRESTO-Fit. Study design and contents of the interventions were found to be valid, with an appropriate dose delivered. Feedback from students and logs suggested that behavioural change and psychosocial principles in PRESTO-Play might have not been implemented optimally. Only moderate fidelity in both groups and too little contrast between interventions could have influenced results. Low attendance rates and a presumed lack of generalization further decreased possible effectiveness. Context greatly influenced implementation. Implementing a future health course with closer collaboration with the institution could optimize accessibility and communication, encourage attendance and enhance motivation for behavioural change.
Mitochondrial transport mediates survival of retinal ganglion cells in affected LHON patients
Authors: Yang Tien-Chun , Yarmishyn Aliaksandr A , Yang Yi-Ping , Lu Pin-Chen , Chou Shih-Jie , Wang Mong-Lien , Lin Tai-Chi , Hwang De-Kuang , Chou Yu-Bai , Chen Shih-Jen , Yu Wei-Kuang , Wang An-Guor , Hsu Chih-Chien , Chiou Shih-Hwa
Published: April 2020

The mutations in the genes encoding the subunits of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain are the most common cause of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a maternal hereditary disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. The characteristics of incomplete penetrance indicate that nuclear genetic and environmental factors also determine phenotypic expression of LHON. Therefore, further understanding of the role of mutant mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit proteins and nuclear genetic factors/environmental effects in the etiology of LHON is needed. In this study, we generated human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from healthy control, unaffected LHON mutation carrier, and affected LHON patient. hiPSC-derived RGCs were used to study the differences between affected and unaffected carriers of mitochondrial DNA point mutation m.11778G > A in the MT-ND4 gene. We found that both mutated cell lines were characterized by increase in reactive oxygen species production, however, only affected cell line had increased levels of apoptotic cells. We found a significant increase in retrograde mitochondria and a decrease in stationary mitochondria in the affected RGC axons. In addition, the messenger RNA and protein levels of KIF5A in the LHON-affected RGCs were significantly reduced. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine could restore the expression of KIF5A and the normal pattern of mitochondrial movement in the affected RGCs. To conclude, we found essential differences in the mutually dependent processes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial transport and apoptosis between two LHON-specific mutation carrier RGC cell lines, asymptomatic carrier and disease-affected, and identified KIF5A as a central modulator of these differences.
Rapid Versus Laboratory-Based Testing for HIV and Hepatitis C at a Drug Detoxification Treatment Center: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Assoumou Sabrina A , Paniagua Samantha M , Linas Benjamin P , Wang Jianing , Samet Jeffrey H , Hall Jonathan , White Laura F , Beckwith Curt G
Published: April 2020

Background

A health department survey revealed nearly half employ laboratory-based HIV and HCV testing (LBT) over rapid testing (RT) in nonhospital settings such as drug detoxification centers. LBT has higher sensitivity for acute HIV infection compared to RT but LBT is not point of care and may result in fewer diagnoses due to loss to follow-up before result delivery.

Methods

We conducted a randomized trial comparing real-world case notification of RT (Orasure) vs LBT (HIV Combo Ag/Ab EIA, HCV EIA) for HIV and HCV at a drug detoxification center. Primary outcome was receipt of test results within 2 weeks.

Results

Among 341 individuals screened (11/2016–7/2017), 200 met inclusion criteria; 58% injected drugs and 31% shared needles in the previous 6 months. Of the 200 randomized, 98 received RT and 102 LBT. Among all participants, 0.5% were positive for HIV and 48% for HCV; 96% received test results in the RT arm and 42% in the LBT arm (odds ratio, 28.72; 95% confidence interval, 10.27–80.31). Real-world case notification was 95% and 93% for HIV and HCV RT, respectively, compared to 42% for HIV and HCV LBT.

Conclusions

RT has higher real-world case notification than LBT at drug detoxification centers.

Clinical trials registration: NCT02869776.
Biochemical properties of human full-length aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)
Authors: Uemura Seiya , Nakajima Yasutomo , Yoshida Yuhki , Furuya Moeko , Matsutani Shun , Kawate Shinya , Ikeda Shun-ichi , Tsuji Noriko , Grave Ewa , Wakui Hideki , Itoh Hideaki
Published: April 2020

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a very unstable protein. AhR binds to the molecular chaperone complex (HSP90-p23-XAP2) to maintain a stable structure in the cytoplasm. After binding to ligands, such as dioxin, AhR translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus with a molecular chaperone complex. The protein forms a heterodimer with Arnt after nuclear transfer, functions as a transcription factor by binding to a xenobiotic responsive element (XRE), and induces the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). Because of the unstable protein, expression of the full-length AhR in the E. coli expression system is very difficult. Many studies investigated AhR using AhR domains in vitro. We expressed and purified the human full-length AhR in E. coli expression system. Furthermore, specific antibodies were prepared. Purified full-length AhR could bind to ligand. In the presence of ligand, α-helix and random coil of AhR increased and β-sheet decreased on CD spectrum. Full-length AhR could bind to HSP90, XAP2 and p23 in the presence or absence of ligand. We now show the biochemical properties of full-length AhR.
Use of electroencephalogram and long short-term memory networks to recognize design preferences of users toward architectural design alternatives☆
Authors: Chang Sunwoo , Dong Wonhyeok , Jun Hanjong
Published: April 2020

In this study, we propose an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based long short-term memory networks model for recognizing user preferences toward architectural design images. An EEG is an approach that records the electrical activity in the brain, and EEG-based affection recognition is a technique used for quantitatively recognizing human emotion by analysing the recorded signals. Decision-makers’ subjective reactions toward architectural design alternatives may play a key role in the architectural planning and design stage. In this regard, the proposed model enables the quantitative recognition of their preferences and supports architects in the planning and design stages. The suggested model classifies the recorded data using a deep-learning technique. To build the model, an EEG recording experiment was conducted with 18 subjects, who were asked to select their most/least preferred images among eight images of small-housing design. Post recording, a positive and negative affect schedule questionnaire was distributed to the subjects to rate their affection. Google TensorFlow and Keras were used to structure the model. After training, precision, recall, and f1 score metrics were used to evaluate and validate the model. This model can help designers to evaluate design alternatives in terms of decision-making. Moreover, as this model uses biosignal data, which is universal to humans, architectural design processes for children, the elderly, etc., may be supported. Furthermore, a data-driven design database may be proposed in a future research for cross-validating with previous methods such as interviews and observations.
Improved Sentinel Method for Surveillance and Collection of Filth Fly Parasitoids
Authors: Geden Christopher J , Johnson Dana M , Taylor David B
Published: April 2020

Parasitoids are important natural enemies of house flies and other muscoid flies. The two most commonly used methods for collecting fly parasitoids from the field have distinct advantages and disadvantages. Collections of wild puparia depend on the ability to find puparia in sufficient numbers and are prone to localized distortions in relative species abundance because of the overrepresentation of samples from hot spots of fly larval activity. Placement and retrieval of sentinel puparia is convenient and allows consistent sampling over time but is strongly biased in favor of Muscidifurax spp. over Spalangia spp. An improved sentinel method is described that combines some of the advantages of these two methods. Fly medium containing larvae is placed in containers, topped with a screen mesh bag of puparia, and placed in vertebrate-proof wire cages. Cages are placed at sites of actual or potential fly breeding and retrieved 3–7 d later. The modified method collected species profiles that more closely resembled those of collections of wild puparia than those from sentinel pupal bags. A method is also described for isolating puparia individually in 96-well tissue culture plates for parasitoid emergence. Use of the plate method provided a substantial saving of time and labor over the use of individual gelatin capsules for pupal isolation. Puparia from the collections that were housed individually in the wells of tissue culture plates had a higher proportion of emerged Spalangia species than puparia that were held in groups.
Rhetorical strategies of legitimation in the professional field of banking
Authors: Siebert Sabina , Martin Graeme , Simpson Gavin
Published: April 2020

In this study, we analyse the rhetorical strategies of legitimation used by professionals when their conduct is exposed as wrong. Focusing on banking as a professional field and the conduct of bankers during the 2007–8 global financial crisis we ask two questions: what rhetorical strategies did senior bankers use to justify their actions and defend the legitimacy of their profession in the face of widespread public disapproval of banking practices? How did bankers use their professional field to legitimize their behaviour? To answer these questions, we analyse the justificatory rhetoric used by UK banking executives during the Treasury Select Committee hearings following the crisis. Drawing on our analysis we developed a typology of rhetorical strategies of legitimation used by the bankers, based in part on the concept of neutralization techniques. We argue that bankers, with some exceptions, drew largely on intra-field rhetoric, deeply embedded in institutionalized practices, to justify their behaviour and legitimize their profession. The lack of more convincing inter-field rhetoric only accentuated the mismatch between the moral universe of the bank executive and that of the traditional citizen, voter, and taxpayer.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer in octogenarians and older: an alternative treatment
Authors: Bei Yanping , Murakami Naoya , Nakayama Yuko , Okuma Kae , Kashihara Tairo , Raturi Vijay Parshuram , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Takahashi Kana , Inaba Koji , Igaki Hiroshi , Itami Jun
Published: April 2020

Surgery is the standard modality for early-stage I–II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Generally, patients who are >80 years old tend to have more comorbidities and inferior physical status than younger patients. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) may provide an alternative treatment for this group of patients. Here, we report our experience using SBRT to in the management of early-stage NSCLC in patients >80 years old. Patients aged ≥80 years old who were diagnosed with early-stage NSCLC and treated with definitive lung SBRT from January 2000 to January 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related toxicities were analysed for patients >80 years old. A total of 153 patients were included, with a median age of 85 years (range, 80–94). The median follow-up period and OS was 39.8 months (range, 10–101 months) and 76 months, respectively. The 3-year OS, PFS, CSS, RRFS and LRFS were 65.3, 58.0, 75.7, 73.9 and 85.3%, respectively. Radiation pneumonitis grade 0–1, grade 2, grade 3 and grade 4 was observed in 135 (88.2%), 13 (8.5%), 4 (2.61%) and 1 (0.6%) patient(s), respectively. On multivariate analyses, tumor size, pretreatment C-reactive protein (CRP) value, histology and pretreatment physical state were significantly associated with OS. Definitive lung SBRT appears to have high LRFS and OS without causing high-grade radiation-related toxicities in early-stage NSCLC patients who were >80 years old.
Aorto-esophageal fistula: successful open surgical management of two cases
Authors: Pahwa Siddharth , Bhattacharya Susmit , Mukhopadhyay Siddhartha , Verma Ashok
Published: April 2020

An aorto-esophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare yet life-threatening cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We report our experience with open surgical management of two cases of AEF. Both cases presented with almost identical presentations: hematemesis and hemodynamic instability. The aorta in the first patient was normal; the defect was small and was repaired with a Dacron patch. The second patient had an aneurysmal aorta, which was replaced with a Dacron graft. Both cases were performed under partial bypass. The esophageal rent in both patients was debrided, primarily closed and buttressed with a vascularized intercostal pedicle. Nonavailability of endovascular personnel and equipment along with hemodynamic instability of the patient influenced our surgical strategy. Long-term follow-up of these patients is necessary to analyze the outcomes of our surgical repair.
Into another dimension: how streptophyte algae gained morphological complexity
Authors: Buschmann Henrik
Published: April 2020

Land plants with elaborated three-dimensional (3D) body plans have evolved from streptophyte algae. The streptophyte algae are known to exhibit varying degrees of morphological complexity, ranging from single-celled flagellates to branched macrophytic forms exhibiting tissue-like organization. In this review, I discuss mechanisms by which, during evolution, filamentous algae may have gained 2D and eventually 3D body plans. There are, in principle, two mechanisms by which an additional dimension may be added to an existing algal filament or cell layer: first, by tip growth-mediated branching. An example of this mechanism is the emergence and polar expansion of root hairs from land plants. The second possibility is the rotation of the cell division plane. In this case, the plane of the forthcoming cell division is rotated within the parental cell wall. This type of mechanism corresponds to the formative cell division seen in meristems of land plants. This literature review shows that of the extant streptophyte algae, the Charophyceae and Coleochaetophyceae are capable of performing both mechanisms, while the Zygnematophyceae (the actual sister to land plants) show tip growth-based branching only. I finally discuss how apical cells with two or three cutting faces, as found in mosses, may have evolved from algal ancestors.
Mutagenesis mechanism of the major oxidative adenine lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine
Authors: Koag Myong-Chul , Jung Hunmin , Lee Seongmin
Published: April 2020

Reactive oxygen species generate the genotoxic 8-oxoguanine (oxoG) and 8-oxoadenine (oxoA) as major oxidative lesions. The mutagenicity of oxoG is attributed to the lesion's ability to evade the geometric discrimination of DNA polymerases by adopting Hoogsteen base pairing with adenine in a Watson–Crick-like geometry. Compared with oxoG, the mutagenesis mechanism of oxoA, which preferentially induces A-to-C mutations, is poorly understood. In the absence of protein contacts, oxoA:G forms a wobble conformation, the formation of which is suppressed in the catalytic site of most DNA polymerases. Interestingly, human DNA polymerase η (polη) proficiently incorporates dGTP opposite oxoA, suggesting the nascent oxoA:dGTP overcomes the geometric discrimination of polη. To gain insights into oxoA-mediated mutagenesis, we determined crystal structures of polη bypassing oxoA. When paired with dGTP, oxoA adopted a syn-conformation and formed Hoogsteen pairing while in a wobble geometry, which was stabilized by Gln38-mediated minor groove contacts to oxoA:dGTP. Gln38Ala mutation reduced misinsertion efficiency ∼55-fold, indicating oxoA:dGTP misincorporation was promoted by minor groove interactions. Also, the efficiency of oxoA:dGTP insertion by the X-family polβ decreased ∼380-fold when Asn279-mediated minor groove contact to dGTP was abolished. Overall, these results suggest that, unlike oxoG, oxoA-mediated mutagenesis is greatly induced by minor groove interactions.
A distinct role for recombination repair factors in an early cellular response to transcription–replication conflicts
Authors: Shao Xin , Joergensen Amalie M , Howlett Niall G , Lisby Michael , Oestergaard Vibe H
Published: April 2020

Transcription–replication (T–R) conflicts are profound threats to genome integrity. However, whilst much is known about the existence of T–R conflicts, our understanding of the genetic and temporal nature of how cells respond to them is poorly established. Here, we address this by characterizing the early cellular response to transient T–R conflicts (TRe). This response specifically requires the DNA recombination repair proteins BLM and BRCA2 as well as a non-canonical monoubiquitylation-independent function of FANCD2. A hallmark of the TRe response is the rapid co-localization of these three DNA repair factors at sites of T–R collisions. We find that the TRe response relies on basal activity of the ATR kinase, yet it does not lead to hyperactivation of this key checkpoint protein. Furthermore, specific abrogation of the TRe response leads to DNA damage in mitosis, and promotes chromosome instability and cell death. Collectively our findings identify a new role for these well-established tumor suppressor proteins at an early stage of the cellular response to conflicts between DNA transcription and replication.
Exceptional band touching for strongly correlated systems in equilibrium
Authors: Yoshida Tsuneya , Peters Robert , Kawakami Norio , Hatsugai Yasuhiro
Published: April 2020

Quasi-particles described by Green‘s functions of equilibrium systems exhibit non-Hermitian topological phenomena because of their finite lifetime. This non-Hermitian perspective on equilibrium systems provides new insights into correlated systems and attracts much interest because of its potential to solve open questions in correlated compounds. We provide a concise review of the non-Hermitian topological band structures for quantum many-body systems in equilibrium, as well as their classification.
Mineralized collagen scaffolds fabricated with amniotic membrane matrix increase osteogenesis under inflammatory conditions
Authors: Dewey Marley J , Johnson Eileen M , Slater Simona T , Milner Derek J , Wheeler Matthew B , Harley Brendan A C
Published: April 2020

Defects in craniofacial bones occur congenitally, after high-energy impacts, and during the course of treatment for stroke and cancer. These injuries are difficult to heal due to the overwhelming size of the injury area and the inflammatory environment surrounding the injury. Significant inflammatory response after injury may greatly inhibit regenerative healing. We have developed mineralized collagen scaffolds that can induce osteogenic differentiation and matrix biosynthesis in the absence of osteogenic media or supplemental proteins. The amniotic membrane is derived from placentas and has been recently investigated as an extracellular matrix to prevent chronic inflammation. Herein, we hypothesized that a mineralized collagen–amnion composite scaffold could increase osteogenic activity in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. We report mechanical properties of a mineralized collagen–amnion scaffold and investigated osteogenic differentiation and mineral deposition of porcine adipose-derived stem cells within these scaffolds as a function of inflammatory challenge. Incorporation of amniotic membrane matrix promotes osteogenesis similarly to un-modified mineralized collagen scaffolds, and increases in mineralized collagen–amnion scaffolds under inflammatory challenge. Together, these findings suggest that a mineralized collagen–amnion scaffold may provide a beneficial environment to aid craniomaxillofacial bone repair, especially in the course of defects presenting significant inflammatory complications.
Arthritis autoantibodies in individuals without rheumatoid arthritis: follow-up data from a Dutch population-based cohort (Lifelines)
Authors: Westra Johanna , Brouwer Elisabeth , Raveling-Eelsing Elisabeth , Arends Suzanne , Eman Abdulle Amaal , Roozendaal Caroline , van Delft Myrthe A M , Toes Rene E M , Trouw Leendert A , Vissink Arjan , de Smit Menke J
Published: April 2020

Objectives

To assess whether the presence of arthritis autoantibodies alongside IgG ACPA predicts clinically suspect arthralgia in ACPA-positive subjects without RA.

Methods

In the population-based Lifelines cohort (n = 40 136), 308 IgG ACPA-positive individuals without RA were present. Serum levels of IgA ACPA, IgA and IgM RF, and IgG anti-carbamylated antibodies were measured at baseline. Individuals were divided based on the Connective tissue disease Screening Questionnaire after 2 years follow-up. Antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis were determined at baseline and related to presence of periodontitis and joint complaints at 2 years follow-up.

Results

Of 308 subjects 53.6% were also seropositive for IgA ACPA, 42.2% for IgM RF, 23.7% for IgA RF and 13.6% for anti-carbamylated antibodies. We defined 75 persons with clinically suspect arthralgia at risk for RA based on CTD Screening Questionnaire at follow-up. Significantly more seropositivity for IgM RF and higher levels of IgG ACPA, IgA ACPA and IgM RF were found in clinically suspect arthralgia compared with no-clinically suspect arthralgia. In multivariate logistic regression correcting for age, gender and never smoking, positivity for three or more extra autoantibodies was significantly associated with clinically suspect arthralgia. Although levels of anti-P. gingivalis were not different between groups, they were significantly correlated to levels of both RFs, and both ACPAs in clinically suspect arthralgia.

Conclusions

ACPA-positive individuals without RA who develop clinically suspect arthralgia have more and higher levels of other arthritis autoantibodies at baseline. Levels of anti-P. gingivalis are not related to self-reported periodontitis or clinically suspect arthralgia, but are correlated to arthritis autoantibodies in clinically suspect arthralgia.
Correlation of serostatus and viraemia levels among Indian dengue patients at the time of first diagnosis
Authors: Kulkarni Ruta , Shrivastava Shubham , Patil Harshad P , Tiraki Divya , Mishra Akhilesh Chandra , Arankalle Vidya A
Published: April 2020

Background

Dengue is a public health problem worldwide. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against dengue virus (DENV) are likely to be available soon. In view of the feasibility issues pertaining to pretreatment viraemia quantitation for therapy decisions, we conducted this study for investigation of a correlation between patient serostatus (NS1/immunoglobulin M [IgM]/IgG) and viraemia levels among Indian dengue patients at the time of first diagnosis.

Methods

The study included 297 serum samples from dengue patients in Pune, India. The samples were tested for NS1, IgM and IgG (capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] for identifying secondary dengue) using Panbio ELISAs. Quantitation of viraemia was conducted using an NS1 ELISA-based 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) test in Vero cells.

Results

Viraemia was detectable only among NS1-positive patients (n = 229, range 0.5–8.3 logTCID50/ml) with a mean titre of 1.9 logTCID50/ml. Among the NS1-positive patients, DENV titres were higher in IgM-negative than IgM-positive patients (p < 0.0001) and in primary (IgG < 18 Panbio units) versus secondary (IgG > 22 Panbio units) dengue patients (p = 0.002). Virus titres were higher during the first 3 days of illness and decreased later (p = 0.005).

Conclusions

The study provides a range of infectious DENV titres in relation to serologic status among dengue patients in India. The data suggest the possibility of using serological markers (NS1/IgM) as a basis for treatment decisions.
Trends in the Management of Inpatients With Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Gupta Neera , Emerman Charles L.
Published: April 2020

It is estimated that about 8% of patients with alcohol use disorder develop withdrawal symptoms when admitted to the hospital. There are a variety of medications typically used for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and the purpose of this study was to assess patterns of medication use for inpatients with an AWS. We searched the Explorys IBM Watson Health Database for patients coded with AWS and an inpatient encounter from the years 2016 to 2019. We then searched for medication use associated with the admission focusing on benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antiepileptics, haloperidol, clonidine, and baclofen. During the 4-year study analysis, we identified 96,050 inpatients. Benzodiazepines were used in a number greater than the number of inpatients suggesting the use of multiple agents. The antiepileptics were used sparingly varying from 2% to 14% by an agent. Clonidine was used in 42% of patients and haloperidol in 44% of patients. Phenobarbital was rarely used. Baclofen was used in the same frequency as some of the antiepileptics. In summary, adjunctive agents with literature support such as carbamazepine were used sparingly. Many patients receive clonidine and haloperidol. Opportunities seem to exist to expand the use of adjunctive agents.
Predictors of Mother's Own Milk Feeding at Discharge in Preterm Infants
Authors: Lussier Mary M. , Tosi Lauren , Brownell Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2020

Background:

The dose–response benefits of human milk for preterm infants are well documented. Understanding factors that influence duration of mother's own milk (MOM) receipt may have important clinical implications.

Purpose:

To identify variables that significantly affect whether or not preterm infants receive their own mother's milk at discharge.

Methods:

Maternal–infant dyads were eligible for inclusion if the infant was born between August 1, 2010, and July 31, 2015, was born at 32 weeks' gestation or less, or was 1800 g or less (institutional donor milk receipt criteria). Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed.

Results:

Of 428 observations, 258 (60.3%) received MOM at discharge and 170 (39.7%) did not. Maternal characteristics that were protective for MOM receipt at discharge were non-Hispanic race, married, partner support, more educated, and private insurance. Protective infant characteristics were higher gestational age at birth, higher percentage of MOM feedings, fewer ventilator days, and more days of direct lactation. In multivariable logistic regression, the odds of receiving MOM at discharge significantly (odds ratio = 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.72-2.16;P< .001) increased with the increasing proportion of MOM. Regression analysis showed that gestational age and increased maternal age increased the likelihood of MOM receipt at discharge.

Implications for Practice:

Clinicians will understand the significant effects even small increases in milk volume have on duration of MOM receipt at discharge, informing them of the importance of strategies to encourage and improve milk expression.

Implications for Research:

Future research studying critical time periods when mothers are most likely to reduce milk expression may have significant clinical importance.
Cannulated Screw Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures: An Intraoperative Pearl to Avoid a Common Mistake
Authors: Paziuk Taylor , Chang Gerard , Krieg James
Published: April 2020

Percutaneous cannulated screw fixation is a well-described and relatively successful technique aimed at addressing femoral neck fractures. The advantages of this technique are limited primarily to its small surgical footprint and ability to preserve native femoral neck bone stock. Although the “3-point principle” described by Bout and colleagues aims at minimizing the potential complications and modes of mechanical failure of this fixation technique, the new literature suggests that our intraoperative radiographs may not be as reliable at detecting erroneous screw position as we may think. Hoffmann and colleagues recently demonstrated through a cadaveric study that 70% of the cranial-posterior screw in the “inverted triangle” construct, which were deemed cortically contained on fluoroscopy, actually breached the cortex. Although the clinical ramifications of this technical error are not fully understood, there is undoubtedly concern surrounding the biomechanical impact of altering the femoral neck’s ability to resist tension while upright and compression while seated because of the location of this breach. This article aims to provide a technical pearl for accurately placing screws to abut the femoral neck cortex while avoiding cortical breach in the “inverted triangle” fixation construct.
Effects of Guarding on the Outcomes of the 6-Minute Walk Test
Authors: Lefebvre Kristin , Wellmon Robert , Bartlo Pamela , Bednarek Melissa , Hoffman Julie , Karnes James , Vandenberg Lyndsey
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

The American Thoracic Society recommends not walking with the client during the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). This recommendation raises safety concerns for individuals at increased risk of falls. To date, the effects of guarding during the 6MWT have not been investigated.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether guarding during the 6MWT affected gait velocity and distance walked.

Methods:

This multicenter study collected data from healthy younger (n = 103, 24.2 ± 3.4 yr) and older adults (n = 102, 71.1 ± 11.3 yr) who performed 2 consecutive 6MWT trials. Participants were randomized into a “guarded first” versus “guarded second” condition. Data were analyzed using a one-sample t test, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland–Altman plots.

Results:

Guarding significantly decreased (P < .001) the distance walked (mean difference = 13.5 ± 40.3 m, 95% limits of agreement [LOA] = 65.5 and −92.4 m) and gait velocity (mean difference = 0.04 ± 0.11 m/sec, 95% LOA = 0.26 and −0.18 m/sec). Guarding decreased distance walked and velocity when divided into an older and younger group as well but had a more significant impact in the younger grouping.

Conclusions:

Guarding during the 6MWT influenced walking distance. Findings suggest that the measurements under the 2 walking conditions are not interchangeable.
Anakinra in Recurrent Pericarditis: Current Evidence on Clinical Use, Effectiveness, and Safety
Authors: Correia Eduardo Thadeu de Oliveira , dos Santos Barbetta Letícia Mara , de Almeida João Paulo Chevrand Latini , Mesquita Evandro Tinoco
Published: April 2020

Anakinra is a recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist that competes and blocks the biologic effects of interleukin 1, reducing systemic inflammatory responses. In the 2015 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases of the European Society of Cardiology, anakinra was established as a third-line therapy option for refractory recurrent pericarditis (RP). Recently, important studies that investigates the effect and safety of anakinra in RP were published, such as the AIRTRIP trial and the International Registry of Anakinra for Pericarditis. This article presents the current evidence about the effectiveness and safety of anakinra in RP and discusses its clinical application and mechanisms.
An Individualized Patient-centric Approach and Evolution towards Total Autologous Free Flap Breast Reconstruction in an Academic Setting
Authors: Haddock Nicholas Till , Suszynski Thomas Mark , Teotia Sumeet Sorel
Published: April 2020

Advances with newer perforator flaps and complex microsurgical techniques have enabled creative solutions in autologous breast reconstruction. For patients seeking total autologous breast reconstruction without the use of implants, body regions other than the abdomen have emerged to provide a substitute or additional donor tissue. In cases where abdominal perforator flaps are not possible (as with prior abdominoplasty), flaps taken from the lower back or thigh can be used. In situations of inadequate donor tissue in 1 body area, stacked multiple flap reconstruction is possible using donor tissue from multiple areas. In this article, we present our approach for individualizing treatment for breast reconstructive patients seeking to avoid permanent implants. We highlight how free perforator flap selection can not only serve to provide adequate tissue for body-appropriate breast reconstruction but may also be secondarily tailored to provide patient-specific aesthetic body contouring. Our preoperative patient counseling has evolved to involve flap selection based on clinical examination as well as advanced computed tomographic imaging of abdomen, thighs, and lower back. Decision to use 1 or more flaps is based on an assessment of whether the targeted body region(s) provide enough skin and fat for breast reconstruction, if the requisite perforator anatomy is available, and whether the effect of tissue procurement on their individualized aesthetic body contour is optimal.
Clinical Pathway for Management of Suspected or Positive Novel Coronavirus-19 Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ranard Lauren S. , Ahmad Yousif , Masoumi Amirali , Chuich Taylor , Romney Marie-Laure S. , Gavin Nicholas , Sayan Osman R. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Rabbani LeRoy E.
Published: April 2020

Novel coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is an escalating, highly infectious global pandemic that is quickly overwhelming healthcare systems. This has implications on standard cardiac care for ST-elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMIs). In the setting of anticipated resource scarcity in the future, we are forced to reconsider fibrinolytic therapy in our management algorithms. We encourage clinicians to maintain a high level of suspicion for STEMI mimics, such as myopericarditis which is a known, not infrequent, complication of COVID-19 disease. Herein, we present a pathway developed by a multidisciplinary panel of stakeholders at NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center for the management of STEMI in suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients.
8.5/8.6-mm Excimer Laser–Assisted Penetrating Keratoplasties in a Tertiary Corneal Subspecialty Referral Center: Indications and Outcomes in 107 Eyes
Authors: Alfaro Rangel Raul , Szentmáry Nóra , Lepper Sabine , Daas Loay , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To report the indications and outcomes of 8.5/8.6-mm excimer laser–assisted penetrating keratoplasties (PKPs) at a tertiary corneal subspecialty referral center.

Methods:

This retrospective, descriptive, observational study included 107 PKPs performed in 96 patients (mean age, 53 ± 12 years). The patients' indications for surgery, best-corrected visual acuity, surface regularity index, surface asymmetry index, topographic astigmatism, central endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness, and graft status were recorded preoperatively, 6 weeks postoperatively, and before (12 ± 2 months) and after (19 ± 4 months) the suture removal.

Results:

The surgeries included 48 primary PKPs and 59 repeat PKPs. The main indications were corneal ectatic disorders (50%), severe corneal keratitis (21%), and corneal scars (16%) in the primary PKP group and highly irregular astigmatism after PKP (51%) and previous graft decompensation (37%) in the repeat PKP group. From preoperative measurements to the last follow-up visit without sutures, we found significant improvements (P < 0.001 for all) in visual acuity (0.7 ± 0.3 LogMAR to 0.3 ± 0.2 LogMAR), surface regularity index (1.5–1.0), and surface asymmetry index (2.59–1.1). At the last follow-up, the mean outcome measurements did not significantly differ between the primary and repeat PKP groups. Overall, 89 grafts (83%) remained clear at the last follow-up.

Conclusions:

In cases of ectatic disorders and highly irregular astigmatism after keratoplasty, 8.5/8.6-mm excimer laser–assisted PKP seems to be an excellent treatment option, achieving a significant improvement in visual acuity.