bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluctuation mediated spin-orbit torque enhancement in the noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn3Ni0.35Cu0.65N
Authors: Kläui Mathias , Bose Arnab , Shahee Aga , Saunderson Tom , Hajiri Tetsuya , Rajan Adithya , Go Dongwook , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Manchon Aurelien , Mokrousov Yuriy , Asano Hidefumi
Published: August 2023

The role of spin fluctuations near magnetic phase transitions is crucial for generating various exotic phenomena, including anomalies in the extraordinary Hall effect, excess spin-current generation through the spin-Hall effect (SHE), and enhanced spin-pumping, amongst others. In this study, we experimentally
investigate the temperature dependence of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) generated by Mn3Ni0.35Cu0.65N (MNCN), a member of the noncollinear antiferromagnetic family that exhibits unconventional magnetotransport properties. Our work uncovers a strong and nontrivial temperature dependence of SOTs, peaking near the Néel temperature of MNCN, which cannot be explained by conventional intrinsic and extrinsic scattering mechanisms of the SHE. Notably, we measure a maximum SOT efficiency of 30%, which is substantially larger than that of commonly studied nonmagnetic materials such as Pt. Theoretical calculations confirm a negligible SHE and a strong orbital Hall effect which can explain the observed SOTs. We propose a previously unidentified mechanism wherein fluctuating antiferromagneticmoments trigger the generation of substantial
orbital currents near the Néel temperature. Our findings present an approach for enhancing SOTs, which holds promise for magnetic memory applications by leveraging antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations to amplify both orbital and spin currents.
Development of Mg/CaSiO3-MgO Composites Using Metallurgic Slag by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Villarreal-Fuentes Brandon Osvaldo , Reyes Mario Rodríguez , Vázquez-Obregón Dagoberto , Matamoros-Veloza Zully , Pérez-Terrazas Jaime Enrique , Romero Gerardo Daniel Olvera , Mancha-Molinar Héctor
Published: August 2023

The mechanical properties of ceramic reinforced metal matrix composites make them highly attractive for various industrial applications. In this study, magnesium/metallurgic slag (Mg/MS) composites were fabricated using the powder metallurgy (PM) technique with varying MS content up to 15%, followed by sintering at 723K (450°C) for one hour. XRD analysis revealed the presence of magnesium, periclase and pseudowollastonite phases in the composites. Results of Vickers hardness and compressive strength tests showed that the maximum values were achieved in the composites containing 15% MS, with values of 93 HV and 382 MPa, respectively. Generally, as the MS content increased, the density of the composites also increased. The fracture surfaces of the experimental composites displayed cleavage, indicating brittle fracture.
Aneuploidy in facultative parthenogenetic Drosophila
Authors: Sperling Alexis , Glover David M.
Published: August 2023

From concatenated chromosomes to polyploidization, large-scale genome changes are known to occur in parthenogenetic animals. Here, we report mosaic aneuploidy in brains of facultatively parthenogenetic Drosophila. We identified a background of aneuploidy in D. mercatorum strains and found increased levels of aneuploidy in the brain tissue of animals arising parthenogenetically versus those arising from sexual reproduction. There is also variation in germline-derived aneuploidy between individuals within the strain. To determine if this is a general feature of facultative parthenogenesis in drosophilids, we compared sexually reproduced and parthenogenetic offspring from an engineered facultative parthenogenetic strain of D. melanogaster. In addition to germline-derived aneuploidy, this revealed somatic aneuploidy that increased by up to 4-fold in parthenogens compared to sexually reproduced offspring. Therefore, the genetic combination identified in D. mercatorum to cause facultative parthenogenesis in D. melanogaster results in aneuploidy, which indicates that the loss of mitotic control resulting in parthenogenesis causes subsequence genome variation within the parthenogenetic offspring. Our findings challenge the assumption that parthenogenetic offspring are near genetic replicas of their mothers.
Clinical implications of AR alterations in advanced prostate cancer: A multi-institutional collaboration
Authors: Dorff Tanya , Zengin Zeynep , Henderson Nicholas , Park Joseph , Ali Alicia , Nguyen Charles , Hwang Clara , Barata Pedro C. , Bilen Mehmet , graham laura , Mo George , Kilari Deepak , Tripathi Abhishek , Labriola Matthew , Rothstein Shoshana , Garje Rohan , Koshkin Vadim , Patel Vaibhav , Schweizer Michael , Armstrong Andrew , McKay Rana , Alva Ajjai
Published: August 2023

Background: AR gene alterations can develop in response to pressure of testosterone suppression and androgen receptor targeting agents (ARTA). Despite this, the relevance of these gene alterations in the context of ARTA treatment and clinical outcomes remains unclear.
Methods: Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who had undergone genomic testing and received ARTA treatment were identified in the Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine Multi-Institutional Collaborative Effort (PROMISE) database. Patients were stratified according to the timing of genomic testing relative to the first ARTA treatment (pre-/post-ARTA). Clinical outcomes such as time to progression, PSA response, and overall survival were compared based on alteration types.
Results: In total, 540 CRPC patients who received ARTA and had tissue-based (n=321) and/or blood-based (n=244) genomic sequencing were identified. Median age was 62 years (range 39-90) at the time of the diagnosis. Majority were White (72.2%) and had metastatic disease (92.6%) at the time of the first ARTA treatment. Pre-ARTA genomic testing was available in 24.8% of the patients, and AR mutations and amplifications were observed in 8.2% and 13.1% of the patients, respectively. Further, time to progression was longer in patients with AR amplifications (25.7 months) compared to those without an AR alteration (9.6 months; p=0.03). In the post-ARTA group (n=406), AR mutations and AR amplifications were observed in 18.5% and 35.7% of the patients, respectively. The most common mutation in post-ARTA group was L702H (9.9%).
Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the largest real-world clinicogenomics database-driven study exploring the development of ARalterations and their association with ARTA treatment outcomes. Our study showed that AR amplifications are associated with longer time to progression on first ARTA treatment. Further prospective studies are needed to optimize therapeutic strategies for patients with AR alterations.
Overcoming the leptomeningeal seeding of medulloblastoma by targeting HSP70
Authors: Choi Seung Ah , Ha Saehim , Kim Seung-Ki , Hwang Do Won , Youn Hyewon , Heng Sokhoeun , Phi Ji Hoon
Published: August 2023

Purpose The development of leptomeningeal seeding (LMS) through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is common in medulloblastoma (MB) and a major cause of treatment failure. The mechanism of MB LMS remains unclear, and effective treatment options are urgently required. This study aimed to discover molecules that can specifically target seeding cells by making a cellular model of MB LMS and analyzing their specific genetic and functional characteristics.Methods Through repeated transplantation, separation, culture, and characterization, seeding and non-seeding MB cells were isolated. A comprehensive analysis of the cellular characteristics was conducted, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through gene expression profiling. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of selected inhibitors targeting a specific protein.Results We successfully isolated seeding and non-seeding cells through a three-step process. Analysis of DEGs revealed heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) as the most highly expressed gene in the seeding cells, with metabolic pathways being prominently enriched. While seeding cells (S3) exhibited slower proliferation than non-seeding cells (N3), there was no significant difference in viability. Notably, S3 showed delayed wound-healing but increased collagen adhesion ability. HSP70 suppression experiments demonstrated that VER155008, among the six inhibitors tested, efficiently targeted S3 cells and inhibited the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) proteins. Importantly, in vivo treatment with VER155008 resulted in reduced LMS along the spinal cord. Furthermore, a synergistic effect was observed when VER155008 was combined with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide.Conclusion Our findings suggest that targeting HSP70 holds promise as a potential treatment option to suppress LMS in MB.
Optimization of Hot-wire Fraction for Enhance Quality in GMAW
Authors: Suwannatee Nattasak , Yamamoto Motomichi , Shinohara Shinichiro
Published: August 2023

The combination of hot-wire insertion technology and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is proposed to increase deposition rate and reduce power consumption. This study systematically investigated the effect of hot-wire fraction on weld metal properties. The results show that the compensatory deposition rate from hot-wire insertion provides a similar effective height compared with the rate from conventional GMAW, with a lower weld height/width ratio, lower power consumption, and improved mechanical properties. However, an excessive hot-wire fraction can lead to lack of fusion, and this value should be limited to no more than 44% of the total deposition rate. The relative GMAW and hot-wire fractions were optimized to maximize total deposition volume while avoiding lack of fusion and providing sufficient penetration. With the optimized condition, hot-wire GMAW could be efficiently used to obtain similar deposition rates with lower power consumption and without sacrificing toughness properties. This proposed process offers a sustainable alternative development to conventional GMAW.
Sustainable Development Pathways for Energies in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Xie Da , Xu Chao , Gu Chenghong , Zhao Pengfei , Wang Xitian , Wang Yanjia
Published: August 2023

Urban agglomerations consume energy from various sectors，such as transportation sector, industry sector, and building sector. Meanwhile, the exchange and optimization of energy consumption in these sectors contributes to the sustainable development of urban agglomeration energy systems. However, the overall impact of the cross-sector energy optimization and complementarity has not been quantitatively analyzed. Here, we focused on the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration in China and proposed an optimization framework for energy, environment, and economy. The framework considered four perspectives: transportation sector, power sector, industry sector, and building sector, in order to determine the most sustainable development path for the urban agglomeration. We found that this strategy resulted in a 53.1 billion tons increase in CO2 emissions reduction in the region. The results of emission reduction varied across sectors, ranging from 4.5 to 22.2 billion tons CO2 equivalent, and across cities, ranging from 7.1 to 4688.1 Mt. The results suggest that the core cities in the urban agglomeration can take on a leadership role. By promoting cross-sector collaboration and implementing energy recycling, the energy efficiency of surrounding cities can be greatly improved, leading to the sustainable development of the urban agglomeration.
Effect of an Educational Guideline on Nurses' Performance Caring for critically ill Patients with Digital Chest drainage system
Authors: Mahmoud Sara Fathy , Mourad Amira Hedaya , Senosy Ayman Muhammad Kamel
Published: August 2023

Background Caring for critically ill patients with chest drain is an essential part of nursing practice, especially for those nurses who care for patients with complicated respiratory problems or undergo cardiothoracic surgery.Aim This study aims to assess the effect of an educational guideline on nurses' performance caring for critically ill patients with digital chest drainage system.Methods A quasi experimental design was utilized. At cardiac intensive care unit & chest intensive care unit which affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospital at Cairo - Egypt. A purposive sample of 50 nurses caring for patients with digital chest drainage system in the previously mentioned units were be recruited in the current study. Two tools were used to collect data related to achieve the aim of the present study as following I-Nurses’ knowledge self-administered questionnaire and II-nurses' practice observational checklist.Results Most of nurses had total unsatisfactory level of performance regarding caring for critically ill patients with digital chest drainage system pre the educational guideline implementation. Meanwhile the majority of the study sample had statistically significant improvement in their performance post the educational guideline implementation. While this improvement lowered slightly post 3 months at follow up.Conclusion The educational guideline for nurses was effective in improving their performance regarding caring for critically ill patients with digital chest drainage system. Recommendations: Conducting periodic in-service training advanced care programs for nurses help in improving their performance and quality of care that provided to critically ill patients with digital chest drainage system.
Nonlinear dynamic modeling and experimental study of full-composite cylindrical shells with a foam-filled cavity lattice core
Authors: Dong Bocheng , Li Hui , Li Kaixiang , Zhang Fei , Qiao Zhou , Yang Yao , Deng Yichen , Wang Shaoming , Bai Hansong , Zhang Haiyang , Cao Hang , Wang Xiangping , Zhou Jin
Published: August 2023

A new full-composite cylindrical shell (FCCS) with a foam-filled cavity lattice core (FFCLC) is developed and prepared, and a nonlinear dynamic model considering the amplitude-dependent property of composite materials is proposed. Compared to traditional linear dynamic models, the lower frequencies and higher resonant responses of structures subjected to base harmonic excitations can be obtained in the proposed nonlinear dynamic model. The nonlinear dynamic behaviors of FFCLC-FCCSs are investigated theoretically and experimentally, in which the fabrication and assembly procedures of FFCLC-FCCS specimens are first provided, and vibration measurements are performed on those specimens subjected to different excitation amplitudes, wherein the soft nonlinear vibration phenomenon characterized by the amplitude-dependent property is discovered. Subsequently, in the framework of the first-order shear deformation theory based on the layerwise principle, the mode superposition approach and the Rayleigh-Ritz method are utilized to obtain the nonlinear frequencies, mode shapes, and resonant responses of the structure subjected to different excitation amplitudes. Therein, the equivalent material parameters of the core part are determined using the modified cross and fill equivalent principle, and the nonlinear elastic modulus with amplitude-dependent fitting coefficients of the skins and core are assumed by the Jones-Nelson nonlinear theory, and those coefficients are determined by using an inverse parameter identification and fitting technique based on experimental test data. Then, the validation work on the developed model is performed by comparing the calculated results of the model with those of the tests. Finally, the impacts of several critical parameters on the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the structure are estimated, with some suggestions in favor of reducing the nonlinear resonant responses of FFCLC-FCCSs being clarified.
The vibration analysis of a high-speed motorized spindle system considering nonsmooth bearing restoring force and unbalanced magnetic pulling force
Authors: Zhang Xiangming , Ma Zhimin , Jiang Yongying
Published: August 2023

As an important equipment in the field of modern machining, high-speed motorized spindle has a broad application prospect and important research significance. This paper focuses on the dynamic behaviour of high-speed motorized spindle systems. By using the lumped mass method to simplify the motorized spindle system, nonlinear factors such as Hertz contact and bearing time-varying stiffness are considered in the model. In addition, the effects of unbalanced magnetic force and unbalanced mass on the whole system are considered.On this basis, a system of 18-degree-of-freedom differential equations is established to describe the motion of the system. The effects of spindle speed, rotor eccentricity, air gap eccentricity and bearing parameters on the vibration behaviour and stability of the spindle are investigated using analytical methods such as bifurcation diagrams, time-domain waveforms, spectra, trajectories and Poincaré sections. The results show that the variation of spindle speed and bearing parameters has a significant effect on the vibration behaviour and stability of the spindle. The study provides a valuable reference for the design and optimisation of motorized spindle systems and bearing selection.
Attention-based generative adversarial networks for aquaponics environment time series data imputation
Authors: Zhong Keyang , Sun Xueqian , Liu Gedi , Jiang Yifeng , Ouyang Yi , Wang Yang
Published: August 2023

Environmental parameter data collected by sensors for monitoring the environment of aquaponics facility operations are usually incomplete due to external environmental disturbances and device failures. And the missing of collected data is completely at random. In practice, missing data could create biased estimations and make multivariate time series predictions of environmental parameters difficult, leading to imprecise environmental control. A multivariate time series imputation model based on generative adversarial networks and multi-head attention (ATTN-GAN) is proposed in this work to reducing the negative consequence of missing data. ATTN-GAN can capture the temporal and spatial correlation of time series, and has a good capacity to learn data distribution. In the downstream experiments, we used ATTN-GAN and baseline models for data imputation, and predicted the imputed data, respectively. Experiments reveal that ATTN-GAN outperforms all baseline models in terms of data imputation accuracy. The data processed by ATTN-GAN is the best for time series prediction.
Criteria for sizing volumes of activated sludge reactors for wastewater from the recycled paper industry: A new approach to projects
Authors: de Mendonça Henrique Vieira
Published: August 2023

In response to the need for obtaining sizing parameters for activated sludge reactors used for treating effluents from the recycled paper industry, batch reactors were tested at 20°C under different hydraulic retention times (HRT) and 3 ranges of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentrations. Kinetic equations for the removal of BOD5 and COD were obtained, along with a model equation for calculating the volume of activated sludge reactors. Removals above 90% for BOD5 and COD were recorded with 72 hours of aeration and MLVSS concentrations above 4 g L− 1.
Diffraction Managed Soliton in Metamaterial
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Jana Soumendu , Mishra Manoj
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the Propagation and generation of the electromagnetic breather like diffraction managed soliton for a large range of parametric space through a periodic array of metamaterials with positive and negative diffraction. The governing nonlinear Schrödinger equation is solved analytically and numerically by using Lagrangian variational method and Split Step Fourier method, respectively. Initial beam energy for diffraction managed soliton formation is determined for various sets of diffraction managed metamaterial. A high energy beam can be produced using diffraction managed metamaterial array. Different classes of stability zones for the diffraction managed soliton has been identified.
First rest-frame infrared spectrum of a z > 7 quasar: MIRI-MRS observations of J1120+0641
Authors: Bosman Sarah , Álvarez-Márquez Javier , Colina Luis , Walter Fabian , Herrero Almudena Alonso , Ward M. , Östlin Göran , Greve Thomas , Wright Gillian , Bik Arjan , Boogaard Leindert , Caputi Karina , Costantin Luca , Eckart Andreas , Marin Macarena Garcia , Gillman Steven , Güdel Manuel , Henning Thomas , Hjorth Jens , Iani Edoardo , Ilbert Olivier , Jermann Iris , Labiano Alvaro , Lagage Pierre-Olivier , Langeroodi Danial , Peißker Florian , Ray Thomas , Rinaldi Pierluigi , Topinka Martin , Dishoeck Ewine van , Werf Paul van der , Vandenbussche Bart
Published: August 2023

We present a JWST/MRS spectrum of the quasar J1120+0641 at z = 7.0848, the first spectroscopic observation of a reionisation-era quasar in the rest-frame infrared wavelengths (0.6 < λ < 3.4μm). In the context of the mysterious fast assembly of the first supermassive black holes at z > 7, our observations enable for the first time the detection of hot torus dust, the Hα emission line, and the Paschen-series broad emission lines in a quasar at z > 7, which we compare to samples at z < 6 for signs of evolution. Hot torus dust is clearly detected as an upturn in the continuum emission at λ rest ≃ 1.3μm, leading to a black-body temperature of T dust = 1413.5 +5.7-7.4 K. Compared to similarly-luminous quasars at 0 < z < 6, the hot dust in J1120+0641 is somewhat elevated in temperature (top 1%). The temperature is more typical among 6 < z < 6.5 quasars (top 25%), leading us to postulate a weak evolution in the hot dust temperature at z > 6 (2σ significance). We measure the black hole mass of J1120+0641 based on the Hα Balmer line, MBH = 1.52 ± 0.17 · 109 M⊙ , which is in good agreement with the previous rest-UV Mg II black hole mass measurement. The black hole mass based on the Paschen-series lines is also consistent within uncertainties, indicating that no significant extinction is biasing the MBH measurement obtained from the rest-frame UV. By comparing the ratios of the Hα, Pa-α and Pa-β emission lines to predictions from a simple one-phase Cloudy model, we find that the hydrogen broad lines are consistent with originating in a common broad-line region (BLR) with density logNH /cm−3 ≥ 12, ionisation parameter −7 < log U < −4, and extinction E(B–V)≲ 0.1 mag. These BLR parameters are fully consistent with similarly-bright quasars at 0 < z < 4. Overall, we find that both J1120+0641’s hot dust torus and hydrogen BLR properties show no significant peculiarity when compared to luminous quasars down to z = 0. The quasar accretion structures must have therefore assembled very quickly, as they appear fully ‘mature’ less than 760 million years after the Big Bang.
A procedure for the experimental identification
of the strain gradient characteristic length
Authors: Rezaei Nasrin , Riesselmann Johannes , Misra Anil , Balzani Daniel , Placidi Luca
Published: August 2023

The aim of this paper is to propose an experimental
procedure for determining the characteristic length of a strain gradient
model. The identification problem is studied through a virtual pull-out
test of a rigid bar along the symmetry axis of a cylindrical strain
gradient elastic domain.
To allow an accurate parameter identification
based on measured data, we investigate the effect of the characteristic
length on the mechanical fields for this problem. We see a significant
sensitivity of the inflection point of the displacement profile evaluated
on the cross-section of the cylinder, with respect to the characteristic
length. By adjusting the characteristic length of strain gradient
such that the theoretical models match best with experimental measurements
of the surface displacement fields, the characteristic length of strain
gradient can be estimated.
In order to allow for more efficient analysis
and an almost real-time parameter identification the initial three-dimensional
(3D) problem is reduced to a one-dimensional (1D) problem by exploiting
the cylindrical symmetry of the problem. As will be shown, an accurate
1D finite element method (FEM) strain gradient solution can be obtained
for this simplified problem. Since the cylindrical symmetry is only
true in an infinitely long cylinder, specific boundary conditions
are constructed on a cylinder of finite length, which are then used
for the comparison of the 1D and 3D problem. Results show, however,
that the structural response at the inflection point is insensitive
to whether the specific boundary conditions are considered or not,
which is why the 1D model can be used for parameter identification.
Since the proposed approach is methodological, it can be applied to
any material. As a prototype problem in this paper, we consider the
case of bar embedded in portland cement concrete.
Experimental investigation of a novel hybrid desalination system using photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector with energy, exergy, environmental and economic (4E) analysis
Authors: S RAJESH , CHIRANJEEVI CHALASANI
Published: August 2023

Freshwater and clean energy are essentially required for comfortable habitats living on the globe. The increasing demand for these can be accomplished with sustainable technologies like photovoltaics, solar desalination and their combinations. The current research focuses on the experimental evaluation of hybrid thermal desalination integrated with a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panel by energy, exergy, environmental and economic analysis. The proposed integrated thermal desalination system is a combination of a stepped solar still (SSS) and a humidification dehumidification (HD) system. A laboratory-level indigenous hybrid desalination unit is designed, developed and tested in the actual outdoor conditions of Vellore, India during the third week of May 2023. A unique novel bi-directional serpentine flow thermal absorber-based PVT panel is used to preheat saline water entering stepped solar still. The rejected brine from SSS is used in the HD system for further extraction of freshwater. Experiments were conducted for a saline water flow range of 1.5 to 3 litres per minute. The experimental results depict that the PVT average electrical efficiency is enhanced by 0.4 % over the reference PV panel. Daily potable water production of the hybrid PVT-SSS-HD unit is observed in the range of 6400 to 7450 ml/m2. Further, the gain output ratio of the hybrid system is observed between 5.99 and 6.35. The overall efficiency and the unit litre freshwater cost in USD of the hybrid system are observed in the range of 61.17 % to 67.71 % and 0.079 to 0.068 respectively.
The Relationship Between HER2 Status Acquired From Pathological Data and Metabolic Parameters From Pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in Gastric Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Tayyar Merve Nur Acar , Tamam Müge Öner , Babacan Gündüzalp Buğrahan , Şahin Mehmet Can , Özçevik Halim , Erhan Selma Şengiz
Published: August 2023

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pathological data with strong importance to Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) status, and pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative metabolic parameters in gastric adenocarcinomas and their impact on survival.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 117 patients with gastric cancer who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. PET/CT results were evaluated for SUVmax, SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), HER2 status, pathological data, and tumor markers.
Results
Of the 117 patients, 17.1% were HER2 + and 82.9% were HER2-. SUVmax was significantly lower in tubular adenocarcinoma (TA) patients with signet ring cell (SRC) component compared to those without SRC component. Tumor size > 5 cm positively correlated with MTV and TLG in patients who underwent total resection. Vascular invasion and local invasion (T3/T4) were associated with higher SUVmax. Patients with distant metastasis had significantly higher SUVmax, SUVmean, and TLG. Stage 3/4 patients showed positive correlations with CEA and CA19-9 values. The tumor's localization in the cardia correlated significantly with HER2 positivity in the TA group. Survival analysis revealed higher 1-year and 3-year survival rates in the HER2 + group compared to the HER2- group.
Conclusion
18F-FDG PET/CT evaluation for staging provides non-invasive guiding findings for treatment and prognosis. The histological components should be performed in tubular adenocarcinomas PET/CT can predict histological components, local invasion, and vascular invasion. Evaluating metabolic parameters in the primary tumor focus using PET/CT can demonstrate the presence of distant metastasis. The relationship between tumor localization in the cardia and HER2 positivity may be useful in predicting anti-HER2 antibody treatment options. Further extensive studies are needed on this topic.
Clinical investigation of a monofocal intraocular lens with enhanced intermediate vision and a rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens with near addition of + 1.5 diopters
Authors: Waki Madoka , Shiba Tomoaki , Usui Tomohiko
Published: August 2023

Background: The Lentis® Comfort LS-313 MF15 (Oculentis, Berlin, Germany) is a latest-generation rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a near-addition of +1.5 diopters. The newly developed monofocal lens Tecnis Eyhance™ DIB00V (Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA, USA) provides favorable distance vision as well as an aspherical lens with increased power from the periphery to the center, plus strengthened intermediate vision. The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term postoperative visual functions of patients implanted with an Eyhance IOL with that of patients implanted with a Lentis IOL.
Methods: We retrospectively studied 36 patients who had undergone cataract surgery with implantation of an Eyhance IOL (19 eyes in 19 patients) or a Lentis IOL (17 eyes in 17 patients). The following were evaluated at the 3-month post-operation clinic visit: the monocular uncorrected and corrected distance (5 m) visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA), the uncorrected and corrected intermediate (70 cm) visual acuity (UIVA, CDVA), additional plus diopter for intermediate vision (Add D) and the area under log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) under photopic with glare, photopic without glare, mesopic with glare, and mesopic without glare conditions. A defocus curve was made from each patient’s manifest refraction.
Results: There were no significant post-operative differences in the UDVA, CDVA, UIVA, CIVA, or additional plus Dfor intermediate vision between the Eyhance and Lentis groups. The post-operative AULCSF for the mesopic with glare condition tended to be wider in the Eyhance group than the Lentis group while that for the mesopic without glare condition was significantly wider for the Eyhance group than the Lentis group.
At the defocus level of -0.5D, visual acuity was significantly better maintained in the Eyhance group than the Lentis group, but at the defocus level of -3.0D, visual acuity was significantly better maintained in the Lentis group than the Eyhance group.
Conclusion: Our analyses revealed that at 3 months post-operation the clinical outcomes of distance and intermediate visual acuity without correction were similar for patients with an implanted Eyhance IOL and those with a Lentis IOL.
Fluvoxamine inhibits Th1 and Th17 polarization and function by repressing glycolysis to attenuate autoimmune progression in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Zou Yuan , Zhang Jing , Sun Fei , Chen Longmin , Xu Qianqian , Luo Xi , Zhou Qing , Zhang Shu , Xiong Fei , Kong Wen , Yang Ping , Yu Qilin , Liu Shiwei , Wang Congyi
Published: August 2023

Background
Fluvoxamine is one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that are regarded as the first-line drugs for major depression treatment. It has been also recognized with the potential to treat inflammatory diseases and viral infection. However, the effect of fluvoxamine on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the related cellular and molecular mechanisms are yet to be addressed.
Method
Herein in this report, we treated NOD mice with fluvoxamine for 2 weeks starting from 10-week of age to dissect the impact of fluvoxamine on the prevention type 1 diabetes. We compared the differences of immune cells between 12-week-old control and fluvoxamine-treated mice by flow cytometry analysis. To study the mechanism involved, we extensively examined the characteristics of CD4+ T cells with fluvoxamine stimulation using RNA-seq analysis, real-time PCR, Western blot, and seahorse. Furthermore, we investigated the relevance of our data to human autoimmune diabetes.
Result
Fluvoxamine not only delayed T1D onset, but also decreased T1D incidence. Moreover, fluvoxamine-treated NOD mice showed significantly attenuated insulitis coupled with well-preserved β cell function, and decreased Th1 and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and spleen. Mechanistic studies revealed that fluvoxamine downregulated glycolytic process by inhibiting Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling, by which it restrained effector T (Teff) cell differentiation and production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Conclusion
Collectively, our study supports that fluvoxamine could be a viable therapeutic drug against autoimmunity in T1D setting.
Political Instability and Hiv/aids Response in the South West and North West Region of Cameroon: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Mekolle Julius Enongene , Tshimwanga Katayi Edouard , Ongeh Juste Niba , Agbornkwai Agbor Nyenty , Omeichu Agwenam Amadeus , Esa Ismaela , Mekolle Keshia Ebude , Forbinake Ndung Ako , Nkfusai Claude Ngwayu , Atanga Pascal Nji
Published: August 2023

Background: Politically motivated violence and insecurity continue to be a major threat to HIV progress and a significant contributor to health inequality. Despite a decreasing HIV/AIDS disease burden, the Republic of Cameroon in West Africa is experiencing ongoing political instability in her North and South West Regions. Our study used qualitative methods to better understand key frontline health care providers' (fHCP) perceptions of the effects of political instability on HIV/AIDS response gains in Cameroon since 2018, as well as lessons learned for overcoming them.
Methods: Between July and August 2022, semi-structured, in-depth key informant interviews involving 10 purposively selected participants were conducted in the two regions. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, coded thematically, and analyzed manually.
Results: Six overarching themes emerged from the transcribed key informant interviews. They were as follows: (1) Challenge with access to and availability of health care services (HIV care, commodity supply chain) in the smaller communities; (2) Impact on continuity of treatment; (3) Increased risk of new HIV infections. (4) The socioeconomic impact of the crisis on the quality of life; (5) The impact of the crisis on fHCPs' physical and mental health and the health system'; and (6) Coping mechanisms
Conclusions: Frontline healthcare workers have acknowledged the significant impact the current political instability has had in hindering the development and advancement of a successful local response to HIV/AIDS in the two impacted regions of Cameroon. Coordinated efforts must be made to strengthen the health sector in areas such as HIV healthcare decentralization, supply chain, and protecting frontline healthcare workers from political quagmires in order to lessen the impact of the nation's socio-political crisis on the HIV/AIDS response and, more generally, on the entire health sector.
A Japanese Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of Moderate Hypofractionated Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy with Image-Guided Technique for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nakamura Katsumasa , Nihei Keiji , Saito Yoshihiro , Shikama Naoto , Noda Shin-ei , Hara Ryusuke , Imagumbai Toshiyuki , Mizowaki Takashi , Akiba Takeshi , Kunieda Etsuo , Someya Masanori , Ohga Saiji , Kawamori Jiro , Kozuka Takuyo , Ota Yosuke , Inaba Koji , Kodaira Takeshi , Itoh Yoshiyuki , Funakoshi Kouta , Kagami Yoshikazu
Published: August 2023

Background Although moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy were one of standard regimens for localized prostate cancer, the efficacy of moderated hypofractionated regimens has not been well validated in Asian countries. The aim of this multi-institutional phase II study was to confirm the safety and the potential efficacy of moderately hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with prostate-based image-guidance for Japanese patients.
Methods Patients with low- or intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer were eligible. Patients with a part of high risk (having only one of the following factors, cT3a, 20 < PSA ≤ 30, or GS = 8 or 9) were also included in this trial. Hypofractionated IMRT using daily image-guided technique with prostate matching was performed with a total dose of 70 Gy in 28 fractions. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for 4-8 months was mandatory for patients with intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer.
Results The number of patients with low, intermediate, and high-risk prostate cancer was 20, 80, and 34, respectively. The 5-year overall, biochemical failure-free, and clinical failure-free survival was 94.5%, 96.0%, and 99.2%, respectively. The 5-year biochemical failure-free survival for patients with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease was 94.1%, 97.4%, and 93.9%, respectively. The incidences of grade 2 gastrointestinal and genitourinary late toxicities at 5 years were 5.3% and 5.3%, respectively. There are no acute or late toxicities ≥ grade 3.
Conclusion The safety and efficacy of moderately hypofractionated IMRT was confirmed in this trial among Japanese patients with prostate cancer.
18F-FDG PET/CT-based Deep Learning Radiomics Predicts Five-years Disease-free Survival After Failure to Achieve Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zheng Xingxing , Huang Yuhong , Lin Yingyi , Zhu Teng , Zou Jiachen , Wang Shuxia , Wang Kun
Published: August 2023

Background
This study aimed to assess whether a combined model incorporating radiomic and depth features extracted from PET/CT can predict disease-free survival (DFS) in patients who failed to achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)
Results
This study retrospectively included one hundred and five non-pCR patients. After a median follow-up of 71 months, 15 and 7 patients experienced recurrence and death, respectively. The primary tumor volume underwent feature extraction, yielding a total of 3644 radiomic features and 4096 depth features. The modeling procedure employed Cox regression for feature selection and utilized Cox proportional-hazards models to make predictions on DFS. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were utilized to evaluate and compare the predictive performance of different models. 2 clinical features (RCB, cT), 4 radiomic features, and 7 depth features were significant predictors of DFS and were included to develop models. The integrated model incorporating RCB, cT, and radiomic and depth features extracted from PET/CT images exhibited the highest accuracy for predicting 5-year DFS in the training (AUC 0.943) and the validation cohort (AUC 0.938).
Conclusion
The integrated model combining radiomic and depth features extracted from PET/CT images can accurately predict 5-year DFS in non-pCR patients. It can help identify patients with a high risk of recurrence and strengthen adjuvant therapy to improve survival.
A novel study on the chemical profiling of Okoubaka aubrevillei edible seed oil using GC- MS analysis and evaluation of its corrosion inhibition properties on mild steel using molecular dynamic (MD) studies
Authors: Alisa Edith N. , Terna Augustine D. , Alisa Christopher O. , Oluboyo Michael B. , Anozie Remigius C. , Ezekoye Miracle O. , Kalu Samuel A. , Agwaramgbo Lovell
Published: August 2023

Tropical African parasitic tree species known as Okoubaka aubrevillei has both culinary and medical purposes. The oil in the seeds of this tree is abundant yet little is understood. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used in this work to examine the chemical makeup and physical characteristics of Okoubaka aubrevillei seed oil and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were used to assess the capacity of the oil to inhibit corrosion on mild steel. It was discovered that the oil contains additional components like sterols and phenolic compounds in addition to being high in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid (39.67%). These substances function as antioxidants and may have positive impacts on human health. With a high adsorption energy value of -353.55 Kcal/mol, it was also discovered that the oil could firmly adsorb on mild steel surfaces and offer a degree of protection against corrosion. The energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), the energy gap (ΔE) between LUMO and HOMO, and the Mulliken charges on the backbone atoms were all determined through optimization with HOMO and LUMO energy values of -5.377 and − 0.824 eV, respectively. The findings of this study point to Okoubaka aubrevillei seed oil as a possible edible oil source with great potential for mild steel corrosion inhibition and potential for use in a variety of applications.
Nailfold Capillary Density in 140 Untreated Children With Juvenile Dermatomyositis: An Indicator of Vascular Disease Activity
Authors: Pachman Lauren M. , Morgan Gabrielle , Klein-Gitelman Marisa , Ahsan Najah , Khojah Amer
Published: August 2023

Background
We lack a reliable indicator of vascular disease activity in Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM), a rare disease. The goal of this study is to identify the association of nailfold capillary End Row Loop (ERL) loss with vascular damage in children with newly diagnosed, untreated JDM.
Findings
: We enrolled 140 untreated JDM and matched healthy controls, ages 2–17. We selected items from the Juvenile Myositis Registry for analysis. Variables include average ERL density of 8 fingers, average capillary pattern, hemorrhages, and clinical and laboratory correlates. Laboratory data includes Myositis Specific Antibodies (MSA), disease activity scores (DAS), Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS), and standard clinical serologic data. The reduced mean ERL density is 5.1 ± 1.5/mm for untreated JDM vs 7.9 ± 0.9/mm for healthy controls, p < 0.0001, and is associated with DAS-skin, r=-0.27 p = 0.014, which did not change within the age range tested. Untreated JDM with MSA Tif-1-γ had the lowest ERL density, (p = 0.037); their ERL patterns were primarily “open”. In addition, we found that hemorrhages in the nailfold were associated with dysphagia (p = 0.004).
Conclusions
Nailfold data reflects vascular disease in untreated children with JDM. Decreased JDM ERL density is associated with increased vascular damage. We speculate ERL density appears to be an useful indicator of vascular disease activity in untreated children with JDM.
Co-digestion and mono-digestion of sewage sludge and steam-pretreated wheat straw in continuous stirred tank reactors – nutrient composition and process performance
Authors: Kreuger Emma , Tosi Virginia , Lindblad Maja , Davidsson Åsa , Group Biorefinery
Published: August 2023

Background
Wheat straw (WS) constitutes a large biomass resource and can be used for the production of advanced biofuels, for example in the form of methane through anaerobic digestion (AD). Due to the low contents of several nutrient elements and water in harvested WS, the use of sewage sludge (SS), consisting of primary sludge and waste activated sludge, as a nutrient source in co-digestion with pretreated wheat straw (PWS) was investigated theoretically and practically.
Results
Process stability and specific methane yield were studied in mono-digestion and co-digestion of PWS and SS in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for 208 days. The hydraulic retention time was 22 days and the organic loading rate (OLR) 2.1 ± 0.1 gVS L-1 d-1. In co-digestion, the OLR was increased to 2.8 gVS L-1 d-1 for one week. WS soaked in acetic acid solution was steam-pretreatment at 190 °C for 10 minutes, ending with an explosive reduction in pressure. Nutrient elements were added to PWS mono-digestion at two different concentration levels. Co-digestion was stable, with a total concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) at a secure level below 0.35 g L-1 at both OLRs. This higher OLR would require an increase in reactor volume of 14%, compared to mono-digestion of SS, but would increase the annual production of methane by 26 %. A longer HRT than applied would increase the specific methane yield of all substrates, based on residual methane yields. SCFAs accumulated in the mono-digestion of PWS when using the lower levels of nutrient supplements, concentrations fluctuated with the higher levels.
Conclusions
PWS and SS can be co-digested with long-term process-stability, without addition of other chemicals than acetic acid as catalyst in steam-pretreatment and of steam. The specific methane yield from PWS was relatively low, 170 mL gVS-1, but could likely be increased by optimisation of the steam-pretreatment conditions. The effects of higher concentrations of micro-nutrients in mono-digestion of PWS should be evaluated in future trials.
Clinically-available and laboratory-derived predictors of biomechanical response to standalone and supported lateral wedge insoles in people with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Hunt Michael , Tse Calvin , Ryan Michael , Scott Alexander , Sayre Eric
Published: August 2023

Background: Lateral wedge insoles (both standalone and those incorporating individualized arch support) have been frequently studied for the effects on knee joint loading and pain in people with knee osteoarthritis. It has been shown that many people who use these insoles do not obtain the intended biomechanical effect, and thus may not experience a clinical benefit. The ability to identify biomechanical responders to lateral wedge insoles before research or clinical intervention is an important objective for efficient resource use and optimizing patient outcomes.
Methods: We collected a number of demographic (age, sex, body mass index, foot posture), clinical (knee pain, foot pain, radiographic disease severity), and walking-related (speed, knee alignment, frontal plane subtalar movement, and foot rotation) outcomes from 53 individuals with painful, radiographically-confirmed knee osteoarthritis. The walking-related outcomes were obtained using equipment both from research laboratory and clinical setting. We used logistic regression to generate predictive models to determine candidate variables associated with a reduction in the knee adduction moment during walking – a surrogate for tibiofemoral load distribution, and a known biomechanical risk factor for osteoarthritis progression – with the use of standalone and arch-supported lateral wedge insoles. Three different response thresholds (2%, 6%, and 10% reductions in the knee adduction moment) were used.
Results: In general, those who were biomechanical responders were those who walked faster, were female, had less varus alignment, and had less severe radiographic severity. Findings were similar between the standalone and arch-supported lateral wedge insoles, as well as between models using the laboratory-derived or clinically-available measures of walking performance.
Conclusions: Our hypothesis-generating study provides valuable information that will inform future research into the efficient and effective use of lateral wedge insoles in the conservative management of knee osteoarthritis.