bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fall Prevention Mobile Clinic: A Novel Fall Prevention Program for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Singh Sonia , Kwon Ashley , Whitehurst David G. T. , Friesen Kathleen , Scott Vicky , Hejazi Samar , Feldman Fabio
Published: September 2018

Chez les personnes âgées, les chutes sont associées à des causes courantes et multifactorielles, et peuvent provoquer des blessures importantes. Cette étude avant-après a évalué les impacts d’une clinique mobile de prévention des chutes (Fall Prevention Mobile Clinic[FPMC]) pour la réduction du risque de chutes chez des personnes âgées de Colombie-Britannique (Canada). Quatre cent soixante-seize participants, dont l’âge moyen était de 83,6 ans, ont pris part à cette étude et ont été suivis pendant 12 mois après leur passage à la FPMC. À leur rendez-vous de suivi de 12 mois, le pourcentage moyen d’adoption des recommandations pour la prévention des chutes était de 48,8 % (ÉT : 25,7 %), la performance au testTimed up and Go(une mesure de mobilité) s’était améliorée, passant d’une médiane de 19,04 s à 17,45 s, et le nombre de participants ayant chuté a diminué, passant de 64,8 % (dans les 12 mois précédant le premier RDV à la clinique) à 55,6 % (au cours des 12 mois suivant le premier RDV à la clinique ; p = 0,012). Le FPMC évalué dans cette étude a fourni des recommandations qui ont été prises en compte par les participants; et qui ont amélioré leur mobilité et diminué leur risque de chutes dans l’année suivante.
No Place Like Home: A Systematic Review of Home Care for Older Adults in Canada
Authors: Johnson Shanthi , Bacsu Juanita , Abeykoon Hasanthi , McIntosh Tom , Jeffery Bonnie , Novik Nuelle
Published: September 2018

Les prévisions liées au vieillissement de la population canadienne impliquent que la demande en soins à domicile augmentera significativement. À ce jour, peu d’études ont été menées au Canada sur les soins à domicile pour les personnes âgées, notamment sur les caractéristiques des bénéficiaires de soins à domicile, les lacunes dans les services, ou les interventions permettant de répondre aux besoins des clients en matière de soins à domicile. Une revue systématique de sept bases de données électroniques a été réalisée pour les années 2000-2016 afin d’examiner les connaissances actuelles dans le domaine des soins à domicile pour les personnes âgées au Canada. Cette synthèse était centrée sur quatre principaux thèmes retrouvés dans la littérature : les prédicteurs au niveau de la personne âgée, les besoins de soins non comblés, les interventions, les enjeux et les défis dans les soins à domicile. Cette revue a mis en évidence plusieurs lacunes dans les connaissances liées aux soins à domicile pour les personnes âgées au Canada, considérant que plus de la moitié des études étaient centrées sur le contexte ontarien. Bien que des stratégies prometteuses aient été mises en évidence, davantage de recherche et d’évaluation des interventions et des résultats sont requises pour appuyer efficacement le système de soins à domicile au Canada, à court et à long terme.
Language Death and Subject Expression: First-person-singular subjects in a declining dialect of Louisiana French
Authors: CARMICHAEL KATIE , GUDMESTAD AARNES
Published: September 2018

Louisiana French is undergoing gradual language death. In such situations, it is common to find increased variability and rapid change, as speakers use the language less often and in fewer domains (Wolfram 2004; Palosaari and Campbell 2011). These processes have been observed in the pronominal system of Louisiana French (Rottet 1996; Girard 2013), with both phonological and morphological sources of variation leading to an exceptionally large inventory of first-person-singular forms in the French of the Pointe-Au-Chien Indians of Pointe-Aux-Chênes, Louisiana. Using data from a translation task, we examine the range of forms used by French speakers from this community varying in age and fluency. We note a sharp distinction in forms used by fluent versus non-fluent speakers, with the latter making use of the non-clitic formmon. To answer the question of whymonis so common amongst non-fluent speakers in this task, we apply insights from the field of second language acquisition, considering the systems of these non-fluent speakers as autonomous and systematic. We ultimately propose a potential interaction between the previously documented phonological and morphological patterns observed in this community, influencing in the forms observed.
On producers of cosmic organic compounds: exploring the boron abundance in lithium-rich K giant stars
Authors: Drake N. A. , de la Reza R. , Smith V. V. , Cunha K.
Published: September 2018

The element boron belongs, together with lithium and beryllium, to a known trio of important elements for the study of evolutionary processes in low mass stars. Because B is the least fragile of this trio to be destroyed in the stellar interiors, it can be used to test if the Li enrichment is of planetary origin. Here, for the first time, boron lines are examined in the UV for four giants with different degrees of large Li enrichment by means of observations with the Hubble telescope. Two main results are found in our study. One is that to first approximation B abundances appear not to be in excess, invalidating the planet engulfment mechanism. The second one is that the two stars with very large Li abundances present emission lines indicating that quite strong active chromospheres are acting in these very Li-rich giants. These new results obtained from the UV complement our recent studies in the mid-IR (de la Rezaet al.2015) where strong emission-line features of organic material were found in the spectra of some Li-rich stars.
SuperMALT: Physical and Chemical Properties of Massive and Dense Clumps
Authors: Neupane Sudeep , Garay Guido , Contreras Yanett ,   SuperMALT Team
Published: September 2018

The SuperMALT survey is observing 76 MALT90 clumps at different evolutionary stages (from pre-stellar or quiescent to HII) in high excitation molecular lines and key isotopomers using the Apex 12m telescope with an angular resolution of ∼20” and a velocity resolution of ∼0.1 km/s. The aim of this survey is to determine the physical, chemical, and kinematical properties of the gas within clumps as they evolve. Here we report some preliminary results based on observations of the J=3-2 & 4-3 lines of HNC, HCN, HCO+, N2H+ and of the J=3-2 line of the isotopologue H13CO+. We find that the morphologies and line profiles vary with the evolutionary stage of the clumps. The average line width increases from quiescent to HII clumps while line ratios show hint of chemical differences among the various evolutionary stages.
Reinforcement of the link between stellar metallicity and the zero age orbit of gas giant planet
Authors: Pinotti Rafael , Boechat-Roberty Heloisa M. , de Mello Gustavo F. Porto
Published: September 2018

In 2005 we suggested a relation between the optimal locus of gas giant planet formation, prior to migration, and the metallicity of the host star, based on the core accretion model, and radial profiles of dust surface density and gas temperature. At that time, less than 200 extrasolar planets were known, limiting the scope of our analysis. Here, we take into account the expanded statistics allowed by new discoveries, in order to check the validity of some premises. We compare predictions with the present available data and results for different stellar mass ranges. We find that the zero age planetary orbit (ZAPO) hypothesis continues to hold after a two order of magnitude increase in discovered planets, as well as the prediction that planets around metal poor stars would have shorter orbits.
Exploring molecular complexity in the Galactic Center with ALMA
Authors: Belloche Arnaud
Published: September 2018

The search for complex organic molecules (COMs) in the ISM has revealed chemical species of ever greater complexity. This search relies heavily on the progress made in the laboratory to characterize the rotational spectra of these molecules. Observationally, the advent of ALMA with its high angular resolution and sensitivity has allowed to reduce the spectral confusion and detect low-abundance molecules that could not be probed before. We present results of the EMoCA survey conducted with ALMA toward the star-forming region Sgr B2(N). This spectral line survey aims at deciphering the molecular content of Sgr B2(N) in order to test the predictions of astrochemical models and gain insight into the chemical processes at work in the ISM. We report on the tentative detection of N-methylformamide, on deuterated COMs, and on the detection of a branched alkyl molecule. Prospects for probing molecular complexity in the ISM even further are discussed at the end.
CH3NCO detections in observations and the laboratory
Authors: Ligterink N. F. W. ,   the PILS team
Published: September 2018

Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) belongs to a select group of peptide-like prebiotic molecules. In this paper we present its first detection toward the solar type low-mass protostar IRAS16293-2422 (hereafter IRAS16293). CH3NCO is detected towards IRAS16293 as a warm component with Tex > 100 K and HNCO/CH3NCO ∼4-12. Also, its grain surface formation route is investigated in the laboratory. VUV processing of CH4:HNCO mixtures, investigated by IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, revealed that it can be formed by reactions of CH3 and with (H)NCO. Observations and experiments strongly hint that methyl isocyanate is formed on interstellar dust grains.
Unveiling the physical and chemical conditions in the young disk around L1527
Authors: van ’t Hoff M. L. R. , Tobin J. J. , Harsono D. , van Dishoeck E. F.
Published: September 2018

Planets form in disks around young stars. The planet formation process may start when the protostar and disk are still deeply embedded within their infalling envelope. However, unlike more evolved protoplanetary disks, the physical and chemical structure of these young embedded disks are still poorly constrained. We have analyzed ALMA data for 13CO, C18O and N2D+ to constrain the temperature structure, one of the critical unknowns, in the disk around L1527. The spatial distribution of 13CO and C18O, together with the kinetic temperature derived from the optically thick 13CO emission and the non-detection of N2D+, suggest that this disk is warm enough (≳ 20 K) to prevent CO freeze-out.
The cold and warm physico-chemical structure of embedded protostars
Authors: Murillo N. M.
Published: September 2018

The physical evolution of low-mass protostars is relatively well-established, however, there are many open questions on the chemical structure of protostars. The chemical fingerprint generated in the early embedded phase of star formation may be transmitted to the later stages of star, planet and comet formation. The factors that influence the chemical fingerprint are then of interest to study, and determine whether the chemical structure is inherited from the parent cloud or product of the physical processes during star formation. Results of observations and modelling of molecules that trace the cold and warm extended structures of embedded protostars are briefly presented here. Two multiple protostellar systems are studied, IRAS 16293-2422 and VLA 1623-2417, both located in ρ Ophiuchus. We find that the physical structure of the protostars, that is the disk(-like) strucutres, outflow cavity and different luminosities, are important factors in determining the chemical structure of these embedded protostars.
The first detections of the key prebiotic molecule PO in star-forming regions
Authors: Rivilla Víctor M. , Fontani Francesco , Beltrán Maite , Vasyunin Anton , Caselli Paola , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Cesaroni Riccardo
Published: September 2018

Phosphorus is a crucial element in prebiotic chemistry, especially the P−O bond, which is key for the formation of the backbone of the deoxyribonucleic acid. So far, PO had only been detected towards the envelope of evolved stars, and never towards star-forming regions. We report the first detection of PO towards two massive star-forming regions, W51 e1/e2 and W3(OH), using data from the IRAM 30m telescope. PN has also been detected towards the two regions. The abundance ratio PO/PN is 1.8 and 3 for W51 and W3(OH), respectively. Our chemical model indicates that the two molecules are chemically related and are formed via gas-phase ion-molecule and neutral-neutral reactions during the cold collapse. The molecules freeze out onto grains at the end of the collapse and desorb during the warm-up phase once the temperature reaches ~35 K. The observed molecular abundances of 10−10 are predicted by the model if a relatively high initial abundance of 5× 10−9 of initial phosphorus is assumed.
Astrochemistry: overview and challenges
Authors: van Dishoeck Ewine F.
Published: September 2018

This paper provides a brief overview of the journey of molecules through the Cosmos, from local diffuse interstellar clouds and PDRs to distant galaxies, and from cold dark clouds to hot star-forming cores, protoplanetary disks, planetesimals and exoplanets. Recent developments in each area are sketched and the importance of connecting astronomy with chemistry and other disciplines is emphasized. Fourteen challenges for the field of Astrochemistry in the coming decades are formulated.
Dawnward Drifting Interchange Heads in the Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Panov E. V. , Pritchett P. L.
Published: September 2018

A fortuitous configuration of five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes indicated that on 15 February 2008 between 04:00 and 11:00 UT a BZ dip with radial size of about 2.5 Earth radii (RE) and azimuthal size that could be as large as 10 RE was present for over 3 hr in the plasma sheet at XGSM ≈ −11 RE. Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads were observed at the tailward side of the dip with ∂BZ/∂X≈ −10 nT/RE. The Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads appeared to drift azimuthally toward dawn, in accord with particle‐in‐cell simulations of a charged current sheet. The signatures of the latter, for example, a finite average EZ directed toward the center of the plasma sheet, are verified by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms data.
MJO Affects the Monsoon Onset Timing Over the Indian Region
Authors: Taraphdar Sourav , Zhang Fuqing , Leung L. Ruby , Chen Xingchao , Pauluis Olivier M.
Published: September 2018

This study examines the linkage between the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) and the South Asian summer monsoon onset through spatiotemporal wave‐filtering and composite analyses of observational data sets during 1979–2016. We identify two major factors in determining the summer monsoon onset timing: the background conditions associated with seasonal transitions and the intraseasonal variations associated with an active MJO. The background conditions undergo sharp seasonal transition over the western Indian Ocean two to three pentads before the onset dates, while a typical monsoon onset is often associated with the arrival of the wet phase of the tropical MJO over the Indian Ocean, likely due to the promotion by the MJO‐initiated eastward propagating westerly wind anomaly. Conversely, the atmospheric circulation associated with the leading dry phase of a strong MJO during the climatological mean onset dates may lead to a delayed monsoon onset.
Warming From Recent Marine Heatwave Lingers in Deep British Columbia Fjord
Authors: Jackson Jennifer M. , Johnson Gregory C. , Dosser Hayley V. , Ross Tetjana
Published: September 2018

While satellite data indicate that the surface expression of the North Pacific marine heatwave, nicknamed “The Blob,” disappeared in late 2016, Argo float and ship‐based conductivity‐temperature‐depth data show that warm conditions persisted below the surface mixed layer through at least March 2018. We trace this anomalously warm subsurface water from the open ocean through Queen Charlotte Sound to Rivers Inlet, on British Columbia's central coast. In Rivers Inlet, deep water below the sill depth continues to be 0.3° to 0.6 °C warmer than the monthly average, suggesting that impacts of this marine heatwave have persisted in coastal waters at least 4 years after its onset, with potentially substantial effects on coastal ecosystems.
Evolution of Eastern Equatorial Pacific Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Response to Orbital Forcing During the Holocene and Eemian From Model Simulations
Authors: Khon V. C. , Schneider B. , Latif M. , Park W. , Wengel C.
Published: September 2018

Characteristics of the seasonal and interannual sea surface temperature variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) over last two interglacials, the Holocene and Eemian, are analyzed using transient climate simulations with the Kiel Climate Model. There is a tendency toward a strengthening of the seasonal as well as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related variability from the early to the late interglacials. The weaker EEP sea surface temperature annual cycle during the early interglacials is mainly a result of insolation‐forced cooling during its warm phase and dynamically induced warming during its cold phase. Enhanced convection over northern South America weakens northeasterlies in the EEP leading to weaker equatorial upwelling, deeper thermocline and subsequent warming in this region. We show that a negative ENSO modulation of the annual cycle operates only on short timescales and does not affect their evolutions on orbital time scales where both ENSO and annual cycle show similar tendencies to increase.
Rupture in the 4 May 2018 MW 6.9 Earthquake Seaward of the Kilauea East Rift Zone Fissure Eruption in Hawaii
Authors: Liu Chengli , Lay Thorne , Xiong Xiong
Published: September 2018

The 4 May 2018, MW 6.9 thrust‐faulting earthquake occurred a day after the first fissure eruption in Leilani Estates along the East Rift Zone of Kilauea, Hawaii, relatively early in the 2018 eruptive sequence. The earthquake's location and geodetic deformation pattern are similar to those of the larger 1975 Kalapana earthquake (MW 7.7), which is thought to have occurred on the décollement between the island volcanics and the former Pacific seafloor. The 2018 event has a shallow‐dipping thrust plane and shallow epicenter located just offshore. A finite‐fault kinematic slip model is determined by inversion of teleseismic body waves, strong‐ground motion recordings, and coseismic Global Positioning System offsets along the southeastern coast of Hawaii. Inversions indicate a preferred dip of 7°, slip of up to 3.0 m near 5‐km deep offshore of the coast, and low average rupture speed of ~1 km/s. These are consistent with rupture of a weak décollement.
Can Climate Models Reproduce the Decadal Change of Dust Aerosol in East Asia?
Authors: Wu Chenglai , Lin Zhaohui , Liu Xiaohong , Li Ying , Lu Zheng , Wu Mingxuan
Published: September 2018

Dust aerosol plays an important role in the Earth System. As a natural aerosol, dust aerosol is often calculated interactively in global climate models and temporal variations of dust emission in the past century are far less constrained compared to those of anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Here we evaluate dust emission in East Asia simulated by 15 climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. The results show that none of the models can reproduce the observed decline of dust event frequency during 1961–2005 over East Asia. The models tend to simulate either much less decline or even increase of dust emission. The discrepancy is mainly ascribed to weaker or opposite trends of surface wind speeds and precipitation in the models. These results cast a doubt on the interpretation of long‐term variations of dust‐affected fields in climate models and highlight the need for further improvements of the models.
Spatiotemporal Correlation Between Seasonal Variations in Seismicity and Horizontal Dilatational Strain in California
Authors: Kreemer Corné , Zaliapin Ilya
Published: September 2018

We extract significant spatially coherent strain variations from horizontal seasonal Global Positioning System (GPS) displacements in the American Southwest. The dilatational strain is largest in northern California with maximum margin‐normal contraction and extension in spring and fall, respectively, consistent with the Earth's surface going down and up at those times. The northern California signal has a phase shift with respect to that in southern California and the Great Basin. For northern and southern California the proportion of larger earthquakes are in‐phase and the aftershock productivity out of phase with the inferred Coulomb stress on the San Andreas fault system. The intensity of mainshocks is in‐phase in the north as well but not in the south. This suggests that a seasonal increase in fault‐normal extension may or may not trigger mainshocks, but when an earthquake happens at those times, they grow larger than they otherwise would, which would cause a larger stress reduction and result in fewer aftershocks.
A New Perspective for Assessing Water Transport and Associated Retention Effects in a Large Reservoir
Authors: Xu Bochao , Yang Disong , Yao Peng , Burnett William C. , Ran Xiangbin , Charette Matthew , Huang Xinying , Liu Sumei , Yu Zhigang
Published: September 2018

Radioactive tracer techniques may be useful for assessing water transport and the overall effects of concurrent biogeochemical processes in river‐reservoir systems. In this study, we show that radium isotopes can assess the hydrodynamics and sediment/nutrient retention in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the largest impoundment along the Yellow River, China. Activity ratios of 224Ra/226Ra and 223Ra/226Ra were used for water mass age calculations in the riverine, transition, and lentic reaches of the reservoir. Water ages were combined with the length scale of three river‐reservoir zones to determine water transport rates of 3.6 ± 1.2, 1.3 ± 0.3, and 0.16 ± 0.14 km/day, respectively. Radium ages were also used to quantify the net retention of sediment and nutrients in different parts of the river‐reservoir system. Suspended sediment was removed at a rate of 1.4 ± 0.6 g/m3/day, mainly in the riverine zone. Nutrient dynamics were more complicated, with addition or removal at different rates within the three zones.
Substorm‐Associated Ionospheric Flow Fluctuations During the 27 March 2017 Magnetic Storm: SuperDARN‐Arase Conjunction
Authors: Hori T. , Nishitani N. , Shepherd S. G. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Connors M. , Teramoto M. , Nakano S. , Seki K. , Takahashi N. , Kasahara S. , Yokota S. , Mitani T. , Takashima T. , Higashio N. , Matsuoka A. , Asamura K. , Kazama Y. , Wang S.‐Y. , Tam S. W. Y. , Chang T.‐F. , Wang B.‐J. , Miyoshi Y. , Shinohara I.
Published: September 2018

Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) observations show that ionospheric flow fluctuations of millihertz or lower‐frequency range with horizontal velocities of a few hundred meters per second appeared in the subauroral to midlatitude region during a magnetic storm on 27 March 2017. A set of the radars have provided the first ever observations that the fluctuations propagate azimuthally both westward and eastward simultaneously, showing bifurcated phase propagation associated with substorm expansion. Concurrent observations near the conjugate site in the inner magnetosphere made by the Arase satellite provide evidence that multiple drifting clouds of electrons in the near‐Earth equatorial plane were associated with the electric field fluctuations propagating eastward in the ionosphere. We interpret this event in terms of mesoscale pressure gradients carried by drifting ring current electrons that distort field lines one after another as they drift through the inner magnetosphere, causing eastward propagating ionospheric electric field fluctuations.
Suprathermal Electron Acceleration in a Reconnecting Magnetotail: Large‐Scale Kinetic Simulation
Authors: Zhou Meng , El‐Alaoui Mostafa , Lapenta Giovanni , Berchem Jean , Richard Robert L. , Schriver David , Walker Raymond J.
Published: September 2018

Electron acceleration in the magnetotail has been investigated intensively. A major location for this process is the reconnection region. How electrons are accelerated to suprathermal energy in a realistic three‐dimensional reconnection geometry, as opposed to an idealized configuration, is not fully understood. In this study, we employed a three‐dimensional implicit particle‐in‐cell (iPIC3D) simulation and a large‐scale kinetic simulation to address this problem. We simulated a near‐Earth reconnection event observed by THEMIS spacecraft using an iPIC3D simulation with initial and boundary conditions set by a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of Earth's magnetosphere. The simulated near‐Earth reconnection was characterized by a primary X line and a nearby ion‐scale flux rope. Using large‐scale kinetic, we then followed millions of test electrons using the electromagnetic fields from the iPIC3D simulation. We found that magnetotail reconnection can substantially heat the electrons and generate a large number of suprathermal electrons. The small‐scale flux rope played an essential role in energizing these suprathermal electrons, which were predominantly produced inside the flux rope. We identified several acceleration mechanisms that were responsible for energizing these electrons: parallel electric fields, betatron and Fermi acceleration, and nonadiabatic acceleration by the perpendicular electric field. It is found that the parallel electric field was the dominant cause of electron acceleration to suprathermal energy. We suggest that three‐dimensional and time‐dependent structures must be taken into account to understand electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection.
Seasonal Cycle and Annual Reversal of the Somali Current in an Eddy‐Resolving Global Ocean Model
Authors: Wang He , McClean Julie L. , Talley Lynne D. , Yeager Stephen
Published: September 2018

The annual cycle of the Somali Current is studied using a forced strongly eddy‐active global ocean general circulation model. The annual cycle and timing of the reversal of the Somali Current differ depending on the location along the coast of northeastern Africa. A momentum budget analysis calculated from the model output shows that both annual Rossby waves and the life cycle of the Great Whirl impact the northern part of the Somali Current (roughly 5°N to 10°N). In particular, the nonlinear term is of leading order importance when the Great Whirl is present. This is in contrast to the leading‐order geostrophic balance between 2°N and 5°N. South of 2°N, equatorial dynamics prevail, and the nonlinear term is again important, and its reversal is strongly affected by the northward flowing East African Coastal Current. Alongshore wind forcing is influential at all latitudes, but only the transition in flow direction during boreal spring between 2°N and 5°N directly follows that of the wind.
A Hybrid Regression‐Neural Network (HR‐NN) Method for Forecasting the Solar Activity
Authors: Okoh D. I. , Seemala G. K. , Rabiu A. B. , Uwamahoro J. , Habarulema J. B. , Aggarwal M.
Published: September 2018

The Sun is the major driver of space weather events, and as a result, most applications requiring modeling/forecasting of space weather phenomena depend largely on the activities of Sun. Accurate modeling of solar activity parameters like the sunspot number (SSN) is therefore considered significant for the quantitative modeling of space weather phenomena. Sunspot number forecasts are applied in ionospheric models like the International Reference Ionosphere model and in several other projects requiring prediction of space weather phenomena. A method called Hybrid Regression‐Neural Network that combines regression analysis and neural network learning is used for forecasting the SSN. Considering the geomagnetic Ap index during the end of the previous cycle (known as the precursor Ap index) as a reliable measurement, we predict the end of solar cycle 24 to be in March 2020 (±7 months), with monthly SSN 5.4 (±5.5). Using an estimated value of precursor Ap index as 5.6 nT for solar cycle 25, we predict the maximum SSN to be 122.1 (±18.2) in January 2025 (±6 months) and the minimum to be 6.0 (±5.5) in April 2031 (±5 months). We found from the model that on changing the assumed value of precursor Ap index (5.6 nT) by ±1 nT, the predicted peak of solar cycle 25 changes by about 11 sunspots for every 1‐nT change in the assumed precursor Ap index.
A Ranking of Hydrological Signatures Based on Their Predictability in Space
Authors: Addor N. , Nearing G. , Prieto C. , Newman A. J. , Le Vine N. , Clark M. P.
Published: September 2018

Hydrological signatures are now used for a wide range of purposes, including catchment classification, process exploration, and hydrological model calibration. The recent boost in the popularity and number of signatures has however not been accompanied by the development of clear guidance on signature selection. Here we propose that exploring the predictability of signatures in space provides important insights into their drivers and their sensitivity to data uncertainties and is hence useful for signature selection. We use three complementary approaches to compare and rank 15 commonly used signatures, which we evaluate in 600+ U.S. catchments from the Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large‐sample Studies (CAMELS) data set. First, we employ machine learning (random forests) to explore how attributes characterizing the climatic conditions, topography, land cover, soil, and geology influence (or not) the signatures. Second, we use simulations of the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model to benchmark the random forest predictions. Third, we take advantage of the large sample of CAMELS catchments to characterize the spatial autocorrelation (using Moran's I) of the signature field. These three approaches lead to remarkably similar rankings of the signatures. We show (i) that signatures with the noisiest spatial pattern tend to be poorly captured by hydrological simulations, (ii) that their relationship to catchments attributes are elusive (in particular they are not well explained by climatic indices), and (iii) that they are particularly sensitive to discharge uncertainties. We suggest that a better understanding of the drivers of hydrological signatures and a better characterization of their uncertainties would increase their value in hydrological studies.
ER-associated ubiquitin ligase HRD1 programs liver metabolism by targeting multiple metabolic enzymes
Authors: Wei Juncheng , Yuan Yanzhi , Chen Lu , Xu Yuanming , Zhang Yuehui , Wang Yajun , Yang Yanjie , Peek Clara Bien , Diebold Lauren , Yang Yi , Gao Beixue , Jin Chaozhi , Melo-Cardenas Johanna , Chandel Navdeep S. , Zhang Donna D. , Pan Hui , Zhang Kezhong , Wang Jian , He Fuchu , Fang Deyu
Published: September 2018

The HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (HRD1) has been identified as a key enzyme for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of misfolded proteins, but its organ-specific physiological functions remain largely undefined. Here we show that mice with HRD1 deletion specifically in the liver display increased energy expenditure and are resistant to HFD-induced obesity and liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Proteomic analysis identifies a HRD1 interactome, a large portion of which includes metabolic regulators. Loss of HRD1 results in elevated ENTPD5, CPT2, RMND1, and HSD17B4 protein levels and a consequent hyperactivation of both AMPK and AKT pathways. Genome-wide mRNA sequencing revealed that HRD1-deficiency reprograms liver metabolic gene expression profiles, including suppressing genes involved in glycogenesis and lipogenesis and upregulating genes involved in glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation. We propose HRD1 as a liver metabolic regulator and a potential drug target for obesity, fatty liver disease, and insulin resistance associated with the metabolic syndrome.
Data-driven approach for the prediction and interpretation of core-electron loss spectroscopy
Authors: Kiyohara Shin , Miyata Tomohiro , Tsuda Koji , Mizoguchi Teruyasu
Published: September 2018

Spectroscopy is indispensable for determining atomic configurations, chemical bondings, and vibrational behaviours, which are crucial information for materials development. Despite their importance, the interpretation of spectra using “human-driven” methods, such as the manual comparison of experimental spectra with reference/simulated spectra, is difficult due to the explosive increase in the number of experimental spectra to be observed. To overcome the limitations of the “human-driven” approach, we develop a new “data-driven” approach based on machine learning techniques by combining the layer clustering and decision tree methods. The proposed method is applied to the 46 oxygen-K edges of the ELNES/XANES spectra of oxide compounds. With this method, the spectra can be interpreted in accordance with the material information. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our method can predict spectral features from the material information. Our approach has the potential to provide information about a material that cannot be determined manually as well as predict a plausible spectrum from the geometric information alone.
Rotations of macromolecules affect nonspecific biological responses to magnetic fields
Authors: Binhi Vladimir N. , Prato Frank S.
Published: September 2018

We have previously proposed that there are at least two initial molecular transduction mechanisms needed to explain specific and nonspecific biological effects of weak magnetic fields. For the specific effect associated with animal magnetic navigation, the radical pair mechanism is the leading hypothesis; it associates the specialised magnetic sense with the radical pairs located in the eye retina. In contrast to the magnetic sense, nonspecific effects occur through the interaction of magnetic fields with magnetic moments dispersed over the organism. However, it is unlikely that the radical pair mechanism can explain such nonspecific phenomena. In order to explain these, we further develop our physical model for the case of magnetic moments residing in rotating molecules. It is shown that, in some conditions, the precession of the magnetic moments that reside on rotating molecules can be slowed relative to the immediate biophysical structures. In terms of quantum mechanics this corresponds to the mixing of the quantum levels of magnetic moments. Hence this mechanism is called the Level Mixing Mechanism, or the LMM. The results obtained are magnetic field-dependences that are in good agreement with known experiments where biological effects arise in response to the reversal of the magnetic field vector.
Platelet activation and prothrombotic properties in a mouse model of peritoneal sepsis
Authors: Vardon Bounes Fanny , Mémier Vincent , Marcaud Marina , Jacquemin Aemilia , Hamzeh-Cognasse Hind , Garcia Cédric , Series Jennifer , Sié Pierre , Minville Vincent , Gratacap Marie-Pierre , Payrastre Bernard
Published: September 2018

Sepsis is associated with thrombocytopenia and microvascular thrombosis. Studies have described platelets implication in this pathology but their kinetics of activation and behavior remain poorly known. We show in a mouse model of peritonitis, the appearance of platelet-rich thrombi in organ microvessels and organ damage. Complementary methods are necessary to characterize platelet activation during sepsis as circulating soluble markers and platelet-monocyte aggregates revealed early platelet activation, while surface activation markers were detected at later stage. A microfluidic based ex-vivo thrombosis assay demonstrated that platelets from septic mice have a prothrombotic behavior at shear rate encountered in microvessels. Interestingly, we found that even though phosphoinositide-3-kinase β−deficient platelet mice formed less thrombi in liver microcirculation, peritoneal sepsis activates a platelet alternative pathway to compensate the otherwise mandatory role of this lipid-kinase to form stable thrombi at high shear rate. Platelets are rapidly activated during sepsis. Thrombocytopenia can be attributed in part to platelet-rich thrombi formation in capillaries and platelet-leukocytes interactions. Platelets from septic mice have a prothrombotic phenotype at a shear rate encountered in arterioles. Further studies are necessary to unravel molecular mechanisms leading to this prothrombotic state of platelets in order to guide the development of future treatments of polymicrobial sepsis.
Effects of Vaspin on Insulin Resistance in Rats and Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Duan Ruixue , Wu Yaru , Du Fang , Zhang Jiaxin , Li Xin , Guo Shenghui , Wang Meimei , Zhang Qi , Li Yuanbin , Li Naishi
Published: September 2018

Insulin resistance (IR) is the main pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and a shared pathophysiological change in conditions such as diabetes mellitus, adiposity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (Vaspin) is a newly discovered adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects. To examine if vaspin can improve insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fat diet via the insulin receptor substrate/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B/glucose transport (IRS/PI3K/Akt/Glut) and inhibitory κB alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B (IκBα/NF-κB) signalling pathways, thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the normal control group (NC group, n = 10), high-fat diet group (HFD group, n = 10) and vaspin intervention group (HFD + vaspin group, n = 10). Results showed that intervention with vaspin significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) concentrations in HFD − fed rats without significantly affecting body weight or triglyceride (TG) or total cholesterol (TC) levels. The areas under the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and the insulin tolerance test (ITT) curves were significantly decreased in HFD + vaspin group compared with the HFD group, and the glucose infusion rate (GIR) showed the same trends. Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining showed that vaspin could improve insulin resistance in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by activating the IRS/PI3K/Akt/Glut signalling pathway and inhibiting the IκBα/NF-κB signalling pathway.
Deciphering the Odorant Binding, Activation, and Discrimination Mechanism of Dhelobp21 from Dastarus Helophoroides
Authors: Yu Guang-Qiang , Li Dong-Zhen , Lu Yu-Lin , Wang Ya-Qi , Kong De-Xin , Wang Man-Qun
Published: September 2018

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play a pivotal role in transporting odorants through the sensillar lymph of insect chemosensory sensilla and increasing the sensitivity of the olfactory system. To address the ligand binding, activation, and release mechanisms of OBPs, we performed a set of conventional molecular dynamics simulations for binding of the odorant-binding protein DhelOBP21 fromDastarcus helophoroideswith 18 ligands (1-NPN and 17 volatiles), as well as four constant-pH molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the open pocket DhelOBP21 at pH 5.0 could bind volatiles and form a closed pocket complex via transformation of its N-terminus into regular Helix at pH 7.0 and vice versa. Moreover, the discrimination of volatiles (selectivity and promiscuity) was determined by the characteristics of both the volatiles and the ‘essential’ and ‘selective’ amino acid residues in OBP binding pockets, rather than the binding affinity of the volatiles. This study put forward a new hypothesis that during the binding of volatiles there are two transitions for the DhelOBP21 amino-terminus: pH- and odorant binding-dependent random-coil-to-helix. Another important finding is providing a framework for the exploration of the complete coil-to-helix transition process and theoretically analyzing its underlying causes at molecular level.
In vivo functional characterisation of pheromone binding protein-1 in the silkmoth, Bombyx mori
Authors: Shiota Yusuke , Sakurai Takeshi , Daimon Takaaki , Mitsuno Hidefumi , Fujii Takeshi , Matsuyama Shigeru , Sezutsu Hideki , Ishikawa Yukio , Kanzaki Ryohei
Published: September 2018

Male moths detect sex pheromones emitted by conspecific females with high sensitivity and specificity by the olfactory sensilla on their antennae. Pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) are highly enriched in the sensillum lymph of pheromone sensitive olfactory sensilla and are supposed to contribute to the sensitivity and selectivity of pheromone detection in moths. However, the functional role of PBPs in moth sex pheromone detection in vivo remains obscure. In the silkmoth, Bombyx mori, female moths emit bombykol as a single attractive sex pheromone component along with a small amount of bombykal that negatively modulates the behavioural responses to bombykol. A pair of olfactory receptor neurons, specifically tuned to bombykol or bombykal, co-localise in the trichodeum sensilla, the sensillum lymph of which contains a single PBP, namely, BmPBP1. We analysed the roles of BmPBP1 using BmPBP1-knockout silkmoth lines generated by transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated gene targeting. Electroantennogram analysis revealed that the peak response amplitudes of BmPBP1-knockout male antennae to bombykol and bombykal were significantly reduced by a similar percentage when compared with those of the wild-type males. Our results indicate that BmPBP1 plays a crucial role in enhancing the sensitivity, but not the selectivity, of sex pheromone detection in silkmoths.
Sex-specific patterns of gene expression following influenza vaccination
Authors: Wen Feng , Guo Jinyue , Li Zhili , Huang Shujian
Published: September 2018

Sex-based variations in the immune response to the influenza vaccines was reported, however, the genetic basis responsible for the sex variations in the immune response toward the influenza vaccines remains unclear. Here, the genes responsible for sex-specific responses after vaccination with trivalent inactivated influenza virus were identified. These genes were enriched in virus response pathways, especially interferon signaling. A list of genes showing different responses to the vaccine between females and males were obtained next. Our results demonstrated that females generate stronger immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccines within 24 hours than males. However, most of these genes with variability between sexes had the opposite expression levels after three days, suggesting that males retained the immune responses longer than female. To summary, our study identified genes responsible for the sex variations toward influenza vaccination. Our findings might provide insights into the development of the sex-dependent influenza vaccines.
Background-deflection Brillouin microscopy reveals altered biomechanics of intracellular stress granules by ALS protein FUS
Authors: Antonacci Giuseppe , de Turris Valeria , Rosa Alessandro , Ruocco Giancarlo
Published: September 2018

Altered cellular biomechanics have been implicated as key photogenic triggers in age-related diseases. An aberrant liquid-to-solid phase transition, observed in in vitro reconstituted droplets of FUS protein, has been recently proposed as a possible pathogenic mechanism for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Whether such transition occurs in cell environments is currently unknown as a consequence of the limited measuring capability of the existing techniques, which are invasive or lack of subcellular resolution. Here we developed a non-contact and label-free imaging method, named background-deflection Brillouin microscopy, to investigate the three-dimensional intracellular biomechanics at a sub-micron resolution. Our method exploits diffraction to achieve an unprecedented 10,000-fold enhancement in the spectral contrast of single-stage spectrometers, enabling, to the best of our knowledge, the first direct biomechanical analysis on intracellular stress granules containing ALS mutant FUS protein in fixed cells. Our findings provide fundamental insights on the critical aggregation step underlying the neurodegenerative ALS disease.
Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals produced by tidal capture of binary black holes
Authors: Chen Xian , Han Wen-Biao
Published: September 2018

Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are important gravitational-wave (GW) sources for future space-based detectors. The standard model consists of one stellar-mass black hole spiraling into a supermassive one, and such a process emits low-frequency (~10−3 Hz) GWs, which contain rich information about the space–time geometry around the central massive body. Here we show that the small bodies in EMRIs, in fact, could be binary black holes, which are captured by the massive black holes during earlier close encounters. About 30% of the captured binaries coalesce due to the perturbation by the massive bodies, resulting in a merger rate of 0.03 Gpc3 yr−1 in the most optimistic scenario. The coalescence generates also high-frequency (~102 Hz) GWs detectable by ground-based observatories, making these binary-EMRIs ideal targets for future multi-band GW observations.
Electrochemical sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers on Fe3O4/graphene modified by gold nanoparticles for highly selective and sensitive detection of trace ractopamine in water
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Wenkai , Zhao Xueru , Huang Yanfeng , Kang Junjun , Qi Qi , Zhong Chongli
Published: September 2018

Gold-modified molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for selectively monitoring ractopamine in water.
Gold-catalyzed annulations of N-aryl ynamides with benzisoxazoles to construct 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline cores
Authors: Tsai Meng-Han , Wang Cheng-Yu , Kulandai Raj Antony Sekar , Liu Rai-Shung
Published: September 2018

This work reports new annulations of N-aryl ynamides with benzisoxazoles to form 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline derivatives.
Rational design of new cyclic analogues of the antimicrobial lipopeptide tridecaptin A1
Authors: Ballantine Ross D. , Li Yong-Xin , Qian Pei-Yuan , Cochrane Stephen A.
Published: September 2018

Cyclization of tridecaptin A1 imparts stability to the d-peptidase TriF.
Is the formation of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) a feasible mechanism for the distillation of imidazolium ionic liquids?
Authors: Diniz Júlia R. , de Lima Tatiani B. , Galaverna Renan , de Oliveira Aline L. , Ferreira Davi A. C. , Gozzo Fabio C. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Dupont Jairton , Neto Brenno A. D.
Published: September 2018

We describe the use tetrachloroindate ionic liquids to probe whether or not N-heterocyclic carbenes are involved in the distillation of these ionic fluids.
Pre-melting and the adsorption of formic acid at the air–ice interface at 253 K as seen by NEXAFS and XPS
Authors: Waldner Astrid , Artiglia Luca , Kong Xiangrui , Orlando Fabrizio , Huthwelker Thomas , Ammann Markus , Bartels-Rausch Thorsten
Published: September 2018

X-ray excitation electron spectroscopy reveals how hydrophilicity impacts the depth to which solutes enter the interfacial region of ice.
Macrocycles and cages based on tetraphenylethylene with aggregation-induced emission effect
Authors: Feng Hai-Tao , Yuan Ying-Xue , Xiong Jia-Bin , Zheng Yan-Song , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2018

Syntheses, photophysical properties and applications of macrocycles and cages based on tetraphenylethylene with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect.
Parametric study on the production of the GAGG:Ce and LSO:Ce multicomponent oxide scintillator materials through use of a planetary ball mill
Authors: McDonald Kaitlyn A. , McDonald Matthew R. , Bailey Melissa N. , Schweitzer George K.
Published: September 2018

Planetary ball mill parameters were explored theoretically and experimentally for the production of two multicomponent oxide materials.
A solvent- and temperature-dependent intramolecular equilibrium of diamagnetic and paramagnetic states in Co complexes bearing triaryl amines
Authors: Schnaubelt Linda , Petzold Holm , Dmitrieva Evgenia , Rosenkranz Marco , Lang Heinrich
Published: September 2018

Synthesis of Co2+ complexes bearing redox-active triaryl amines, exhibiting thermochromic redox equilibrium after one-electron oxidation.