bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Banal Balkanism?” – Rethinking Banal Nationalism and Regional Identity in the Post-Yugoslav Media Space
Authors:   Andrássy University Budapest, Hungary, Plantak Martina , Paleviq Edina ,   Andrássy University Budapest, Hungary
Published: April 2022

With the collapse of Yugoslavia, the supranational Yugoslav identity disappeared and was replaced by strengthened national identities. While some states of the former Yugoslavia have rediscovered their Europeanness, others have further strengthened their national identity. This paper answers the question of whether, three decades after the dissolution of Yugoslavia, a so-called “regional identity” still exists among the former Yugoslav states (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Kosovo). The authors set the initial hypothesis that belonging to a regional – in this case, Balkan – identity is more pronounced in the five candidate (Serbia, Montenegro and North Macedonia) and potential candidate countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), and Kosovo) for European Union (EU) membership than in Slovenia and Croatia, which have become EU Member States. Hence, this article will provide insight into “regional identity” and the banality of “Balkanism” reproduced in state media. By examining articles on national online news portals, we will examine the linkage between symbols and deixes in media and their role in creating national and regional identity. This analysis will confirm our initial hypothesis that the term “regional identity” is much more prominent in the media of the EU candidate countries, than in those states which are already members of the EU. By analysing everyday nationalism in the media – a gap that exists in academic research – we aim to open up a discussion that can lead to some solutions for overcoming the identity dilemmas of the region.
Investigation of Sunk Cost Fallacy in European Football – Empirical Evidence from English Premier League and German Bundesliga
Authors: ÖZAYDIN Selçuk
Published: April 2022

Sunk cost fallacy is a behavioral decision-making concept that leads to biased decisions and sub-optimal outcomes. Although academics have shown some interest in this phenomenon, only a few studies investigate the presence of sunk cost fallacy in European football. This study investigates whether the sunk cost fallacy exists in Europe’s top two football leagues using transfer fees and playing time. The presence of sunk cost fallacy would indicate a faulty decision-making process. The conducted regression continuity design results suggest that the coaches in the English Premier League make biased decisions due to sunk cost fallacy, whereas the coaches in German Bundesliga do not. The biased decisions of Premier League managers indicate managerial inefficiency, which might lead to undesired outcomes.
An Analysis of price behaviour of Lac at different levels of market in Jharkhand
Authors: Pal Govind , Bhattacharya A.
Published: April 2022

A study was undertaken to analyse the price behaviour of lac in terms of trend, seasonality and cycles in important primary and secondary markets of Jharkhand. The secondary data on monthly average prices of lac at primary and secondary markets were collected for a period of 20 years spanning from 1988-1989 to 2007-2008. A positive trend has been shown in prices of both the strains of lac i.e. rangeeni and kusmi lac during the study period which was statistically significant at 1 % probability level for all three levels of market. Growth rate of rangeeni lac prices at growers, assembling centers and manufacturing centers were found to be 9.94, 10.10 and 10.06 % per annum, respectively while for kusmi lac it was 10.13, 10.11 and 10.48 % per annum, respectively. Only one peak of prices have been observed at growers and assembling centers level while two peaks of prices have been observed in case of manufacturing centers for rangeeni lac. For kusmi lac one peak of prices have been observed at growers and manufacturing centers level while two peaks of prices have been observed in case of assembling centers. No regular cycles have been observed in the rangeeni and kusmi lac prices during the study period. Intra year price variation was more at growers and assembling centers level in comparison to manufacturing centers. The seasonality in prices can be reduced by sustained production, production in diverse agro-climatic condition, primary processing of lac at village level and integration of lac production in various lac growing regions of the country.
Studies on Sprouting behaviour and flowering period in some Mulberry Genotypes in Doon Valley
Authors: Ram Raja , Srivastav P. , Bhatt M. , Khan M.
Published: April 2022

Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is the perennial food plant for mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L). It is distributed throughout India as well as in other countries. Due to open pollination, species and varieties of Morus are normally genetically diverse. The characters of mulberry genotypes are influenced by genetic constitution, climate and their geographical origin. In general, mulberry plant sprouts after pruning. A total of seventy eight genotypes collected from different parts of India and abroad (both temperate and tropical genotypes), have been maintained as trees under rain-fed conditions in the Germplasm Bank of Regional Sericultural Research Station, Sahaspur, Dehra Dun. Observations on sprouting behavior and flowering period of sixty genotypes were recorded during the year 2006-2007. During winter season, genotypes viz, Local, S1635, C1726, S146, L 6 and L1 were found to sprout earlier while genotypes S790, Rakokayaso and Gosheorami were found to sprout later. Flowering period was lower by 9 days in MS2 while higher by 18 days in S741, C763, C1730 and L1. During summer season genotypes S741, Kokaso 27, Local, MS2, S 642, Sujanpur, C776, Tr4, C741 and Ichinose were found to sprout earlier while genotype Gosheorami was found to sprout later. Flowering period was lower by 5 days in MR2 and S523 while higher by 14 days in Ichinose, S1686 and S1608. The information gathered from such studies will facilitate the breeders to identify the potential genotypes suitable for particular condition and also for further utilization in breeding programmes for development of suitable mulberry varieties for Doon Valley.
A Course in Biology and Communication Skills for Master of Biostatistics Students
Authors: Troy Jesse D , Granek Josh , Samsa Gregory P , Pomann Gina-Maria , Updike Sharon , Grambow Steven C , Neely Megan L
Published: April 2022

We describe an innovative, semester-long course in biology and communication skills for master’s degree students in biostatistics. The primary goal of the course is to make the connection between biological science and statistics more explicit. The secondary goals are to teach oral and written communication skills in an appropriate context for applied biostatisticians, and to teach a structured approach to thinking that enables students to become lifelong learners in biology, study design, and the application of statistics to biomedical research. Critical evaluation of medical literature is the method used to teach biology and communication. Exercises are constructivist in nature, designed to be hands-on and encourage reflection through writing and oral communication. A single disease area (cancer) provides a motivating example to: 1) introduce students to the most commonly used study designs in medical and public health research, 2) illustrate how study design is used to address questions about human biology and disease, 3) teach basic biological concepts necessary for a successful career in biostatistics, and 4) train students to read and critically evaluate publications in peer-reviewed journals. We describe the design and features of the course, the intended audience, and provide detailed examples for instructors interested in designing similar courses.
Accessible parts of the boundary for domains in metric measure spaces
Authors: Gibara Ryan , Korte Riikka
Published: April 2022

We prove in the setting of \(Q\)-Ahlfors regular PI-spaces the following result: if a domain has uniformly large boundary when measured with respect to the \(s\)-dimensional Hausdorff content, then its visible boundary has large \(t\)-dimensional Hausdorff content for every \(0<t<s\leq Q-1\). The visible boundary is the set of points that can be reached by a John curve from a fixed point \(z_{0}\in \Omega\). This generalizes recent results by Koskela-Nandi-Nicolau (from \(\mathbb R^2\)) and Azzam (\(\mathbb R^n\)). In particular, our approach shows that the phenomenon is independent of the linear structure of the space.
Spectrum, and Pathophysiology of Sepsis
Authors: Kabir Mahvish , Rafi Uzma
Published: April 2022

Infections represents a frequent medical concern in the individuals of all age group. It happened whenpatients’system responses toward any infections which causes a condition called sepsis which further led to the organmalfunctioning. When a dysregulated host reacted toward infection that causes a life-threatening organ dysfunction that can led to the state of critical chronic illness accompanied by catabolism and severe immune dysfunction.It is generally brought about by microbes’ growths, bacterial disease, or infections and at present there is no particular treatment; and lead to 30% mortality rate, causing millions of deaths per year worldwide. It is more common among elder age individuals as compared to young individuals. Recent definitions have been distributed for clinical practices and exploration of sepsis and contributed toward early diagnosis of the disease. Early, and effective antimicrobial treatment is related with endurance from sepsis and increases the survival rate from the disease.
Launch of Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
Authors: Mehboob Riffat
Published: April 2022

Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences (PJHS) is a biannual, peer reviewed, International journal, of Health Sciences. We hereby welcome you to the first issue of PJHS. It will deal with all the articles in medical, health, allied health and related disciplines. Types of studies included will be original articles, review articles, letter to editor, Guest Editorials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, case studies, case series, commentaries and opinion articles. Health and related disciplines have always been important as they are concerned with the health and well-being of populations. This journal aims to provide a platform to the health professionals, scientists, researchers and students to learn, share knowledge and gain information about the studies of other authors.

Looking forward to a welcoming response and scholarly publications from the health professionals across the globe.
Immune system and types of Immune responses
Authors: Khalid Sidra , Saeed Saman , Kausar Humera , Siddiqui Maria Fareed
Published: April 2022

Immunity is an evolutionarily conserved defense strategy, inherent in both plants and animals, for disease tolerance. It confers the host protection against viral, bacterial, protozoan, and fungal infections. Immune system cells emanate from the bone marrow and subsequently move to the peripheral tissues to defend them. They travel through the bloodstream and the lymphatic system, which is a specialized system of channels. They do so after maturation in the bone marrow These pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells give birth to all types of blood cells, earning them the name pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. The monocyte, neutrophil, and natural killer (NK) compartments represent the initial line of defense for innate immunological responses among immune cells Adaptive immune system or (behavioral immune response); The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system, is a part of the immune system that comprises of specialized, systemic cells and processes that kill infections by inhibiting their proliferation. Innate and adaptive immune systems are separated into two categories, each with its own role. Innate immune system or cell-mediated immune response. Adaptive immune system or behavioral immune response. Innate immune system or (cell-mediated immune response); Anti-infection systems in the body's immune response can be engaged swiftly if a pathogen attacks.
Health Benefits of Asparagus
Authors: Rizwan Bahisht
Published: April 2022

Medicinal herbs are natural and harmless way to improve health. These herbs have therapeutic potential and pharmacological properties against various diseases of humans and animals. Since ancient times, the herbal remedies or traditional medicines are in use by humans. They contain many effective ingredients such as vitamins and micronutrients which may be useful to cure various illnesses. Asparagus also known as sparrow grass is used as spring vegetable. It contains asparagusic acid. It has many health benefits and we will over view its pharmacological properties as well as its therapeutic potential.
Frequency Of Osteopenia And Its Association With Marital Status And Parity Among Female Population Aged 18-60 Years
Authors: Zahid Sana , Hanif Asif , Faridi Tallat Anwar , Masood Zahid , John Akash , Noor Sofia
Published: April 2022

In Pakistan, Osteoporosis and Osteopenia among women have become one of the most common problems of recent times.Towards the end of puberty, the skeletal mass grows at double the rate. As women age, their bone density decreases and declines even further during menopause. There are limited studies dedicated to the association of osteopenia with marital status and parity. Objectives: The objective of this research study was to find the frequency of osteopenia and its association with marital status and parity among female population aged 18-60 years old Methodology: It was a cross sectional as well as an analytical study which was conducted in Niaz Medicure Clinic Faisalabad. QUS machine was used to measure the BMD. Participants were selected on the basis of non-purposive sampling. Pregnant women and those with disability were excluded from the study.  The ANOVA test was applied to the results and it was analyzed using the SPSS 24 software. Results: Osteopenia was relatively higher among unmarried females with the ratio of 68.4% than the married females with the ratio of 47.6%. About 30% married females had a normal BMD. Data analysis showed positive association of marital status with Osteopenia. The p value was found to be 0.001. High prevalence of Osteopenia was observed among both nulliparous and multiparous women. The results should 68.4% of the women with nullparity had Osteopenia while the ratio for women with 1-2 and 3-6 parity was 48% and 57.1% respectively. Conclusions: the frequency of Osteopenia was fairly high among married females. Osteopenia had a significant association between parity (0.005) and marital status (0.001).
Common risk factors of Oral cancer
Authors: Mehboob Riffat
Published: April 2022

There are several causes of head and neck cancers. These include dietary causes (improper intake of vitamins and nutrients), human paillomavirus, epstien-bar virus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, tobacco smoming, alcohol use and chewing of betal nut, pan and gutka. Among all these, the most prominent causes that develops the tumors of HNSCC are alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking [1]. There are also othe rmany causes including cigar smoking that directly affects the oral cavity and other environmetal  carcinogens consistutes professional disease hazards including exposure of textile fibres, wood working and refining of nickel [2,3]. Use of Marijuana also known as Cannabis, Hashish or Hash oil increases the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma and it is the most common drug which is used legally among the population of United state [4].  

Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in excessive amounts are the major risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma [5]. Epidemiological studies in the world have implicated that there are also other many factors related to diet and nutrition that increases the risk of disease. These factors include low intake of fruits in daily diet [6] and foods rich in animal products such as diary and meat, whereas the diets which includes fruits, vegetables, cereals and olive oil and supplementation with different vitamins  gives the protection against the disease and decreases the risk up to certain level. In a study, it is found that the use of wood stove cooking and intake of chilli powder increases the risk. Generally chemopreventive agents decreases the size of oral leukoplakia or the frequency of secondary oral cancers in the chemoprevention trials [7].
Differentiation and TNM staging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Perveen Shahida , Tanvir Imrana , Ehsan Kashifa , Asif Hina
Published: April 2022

Head and neck carcinoma has great regional distribution in sub sites with distinct anatomical and physiological variation. Alcohol consumption, excessive smoking and hematopoetic stem cell transplantation are common risk factors for head and neck  carcinoma. Alcohol consumption & tobacco chewing has a strong relationship with the development of oral,  larynx, pharynx cancers. A typical HNSCC has a superficial changes such as scaling, crusting, presence of  cutaneous horn and ulceration. The stage of disease is apparent in the form of symptoms of head and neck carcinoma. Genetic alterations accumulation is source of initiation and development of carcinogenic cells. The development of HNSCC is based on many factors. Its underlying mechanism is based on the genetic and molecular changes along with repetitive injury to the epithelial layer by external stimuli. Different types of smoking such as Cigar, Pipe, Huqqa etc exist in sub-continent and smoke from these sources contain toxic agents like tar and carbon monoxide. Mouth cavity and lungs are the places where tar being sticky substance deposits and cause many respiratory and oral diseases.
Etiological factors and Risk stratification of sepsis among septicemia patients – A Review
Authors: Ashfaq Memona , Khalid Sidra , Kausar Humera
Published: April 2022

Infections represents a frequent medical concern in the individuals of all age group. Typically, the initial treatment given is adequate thus little treatment if required further. However, in some cases inadequate initial treatment is given to patients as response toward the infections which lead to the organ failure, this condition led to the sepsis. Sepsis happened when a dysregulated host reacted toward infection that causes a life-threatening organ dysfunction.It is generally brought about by microbes’growths,bacterial disease, or infections and at present there is no particular treatment; and lead to 30% mortality rate, causing millions of deaths per year worldwide. Recent definitions have been distributed for clinical practices and exploration. Efficacious administration requires a brief acknowledgment, rapid clinical assessment, antimicrobial treatment, source control and steady treatment. Early, and effective antimicrobial treatment is related with endurance from sepsis and increases the survival rate from the disease. Early diagnosis and management of source of infection (e.g., puss removal) plays a vital role in lowering the incidence rate of disease in many individuals. The early management of risk factors associated with sepsis can be managed by “sepsis six” heap of care among septicemia patients.This article audits key components of sepsis the board, zeroing in on finding, biomarkers and treatment. The super late development in treatment is the procedure of customized medication, in light of an exact methodology utilizing biomarkers to recognize explicit people who are probably going to profit from more customized consideration.
Study of Heavy Metals and Persistant Pollutants Concentrations in serum of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Riaz Ayesha , Haider Masooma , Ashfaq Usman Ali , Riaz Muhammad Ahsan , Rafi Uzma , Siddiqui Maria Fareed , Asif Hina
Published: April 2022

Cancer is a lethal disorder originates from the uncontrolled cell division in human body. Breast cancer is most dreadful especially in women but also reported in male. Human is facing a lot of issues caused by rapid industrialization also causing the life-threatening hazards. Objective: It is designed to estimate the level of heavy metals (HMs) Ni, Cd and Pb in serum samples of breast cancer patients in Faisalabad district. Method: All serum samples were examined by Spectrophotometer for Atomic Absorption (AAS). Heavy metal concentrations were found in the results such as Ni, Cd and Pb in serum of breast cancer pateints higher  than control. Results:The levels of heavy metals concentration in breast cancer patients serum were trends in Pb>Ni>Cd compared with control group. Heavy metal toxicity has proven associated with several health risks. Conclusion: Our results evaluated statistically significantly high concentration of Pb, Ni and Cd heavy metals.
Chronic Renal Disease and Related Factor in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at Public Hospital, Lahore City
Authors: Ali Mahrukh , Khalid Sidra
Published: April 2022

To identify association of sociodemographic, clinical, anxiety and medication adherence factors with health related factors of patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods:It was a cross-sectional study including 100 patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. A pre-tested questionnaire having sociodemographic and kidney disease related questions was used to assess the patients. They were asked regarding the duration of disease, complications arising before and after hemodialysis or any comorbidity. Data was analysis using SPSS latest version Results: It was observed that there is high associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors with improved health related quality of life.Complications that may arise were depression, repetitive infections, pain, anemia, weakness after the dialysis session Conclusions: It is very important to manage the health related factors that are associated with chronic kidney disease. It will help the suffering patients and improve their quality of life and ailment.
Association between potential risk factors and the occurrence of coronary artery disease
Authors: Zaidi Nasir Raza , Asif Hina , Kabir Mahvish , Khalid Sidra
Published: April 2022

Coronary artery disease is the major reason for high death rates in the United States and other European countries. In Pakistan, men are at greater risk of developing (CAD) in early ages as compared to women. A good deal of people suffering from CAD in Pakistan, belongs to the lower middle socioeconomic level. Aims of the present study were to observe risk factors associated with coronary artery disease e.g. smoking, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Methods: It was a case control study carried out in Mayo hospital, a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. The study sample was 200, from which 100 were cases and other 100 were controls. In cases 77 were   males and 23 were females and in controls 52 were males and 48 females were enrolled by using non-probability sampling. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and for finding out the association between different risk factors and CAD. Results: CAD was 4 times more in hypertensive cases as compared to non hypertensive cases; there is statistically significant association of hypertension with coronary artery disease. 42 were diabetics and 58 were non diabetic, and in controls 16 were diabetics and 84 were non-diabetic. There is statistically significant association of diabetes with coronary artery disease. In CAD patients 49 were smokers and 52 were non smokers. In controls 22 were smokers and 78 were non smokers. There is statistically significant association of smoking with coronary artery disease. In coronary artery disease patients 48 were obese and 52 were non-obese. In controls 27 were obese and 73 were non obese. There is statistically significant association of obesity with CAD. Conclusion: The present research has highlighted the increasing prevalence of CAD and its risk factors e.g. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and obesity. Development of focused strategies to improve awareness regarding coronary artery disease and its potential risk factors along with stressing on lifestyle modification is need of the hour.
Demographic characterization of patients suffering from tuberculosis visiting tertiary care hospital’ Lahore
Authors: Arshad Misbah , Tariq Muniba , Ashfaq Maimoona , Khalid Sidra , Kamran Hafsa , Aslam Maria , Sharmeen Zainab
Published: April 2022

Tuberculosis is a contagious disease, primarily caused by bacteria specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bwis, or M. africanum. TB is a communicable disease involving impoverishment, mal-nutrition and poor immune system. Morbidity and mortality of TB are measured very high in developing countries Objective: To assess the demographic characterization of tuberculosis patients visiting Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the chest department of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during November-2018 to January-2019. A sample of 100 tuberculosis patients was selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique. Patients were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis Results: Among 100 participants, 55 patients were female and 45 patients were male. The prevalence of tuberculosis is more in female than male. 24% male and 22% female were suffering from pulmonary TB. The mean age of the patients was 35 years. Geographically 59% were from urban areas; 42% patients belonged to lower class. BMI of 47% patients were normal; 39% patients were underweight; 10% patients were overweight and 4%patients were obese. 60% patients were living joint family and 59% were from urban areas Conclusion: It was concluded that the prevalence of tuberculosis is more common in urban or congested areas. Socioeconomic status also has a significant impact on the development of disease.
Health Related Quality of Life in HIV Positive Individuals
Authors: Noreen Sana , Rehman Abdul , Kanwal Rabia
Published: April 2022

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients require social assistance which has a substantial influence on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). Physical, emotional and awareness aid are the three key building blocks of societal support system. It is critical to distinguish between these types of societal support because they are so interrelated yet their roles are so diverse and substitutable. For individuals suffering from AIDS/HIV it’s difficult to do day to day chores, engage in simple to severe physical activity. They also usually lack the potency to indulge in any social life actively. In these individuals, lack of energy or fatigue has resulted in psychological and physical morbidity, along with poor QOL.
Communication, Resources, and Dispositional of Implementation Minister of Health Regulations
Authors: Pudentiana Rr. R. E.  , Karmawati Ita Astit , Yulita Ita , Eka A.
Published: April 2022

From the perspective of George C. Edward III's research in Policy Implementation Research, this study examines how the Permenkes (Factor Communications, Resources, and Disposition) and related theories are implemented from the perspective of a researcher. The Executive Officer of the Department of Dental Health in 18 polytechnics in Indonesia was interviewed using primary data in a cross-sectional descriptive study. The Head of the Department/KAJUR and the Secretary of the Department/JKG were present for each data gathering. Sample data is collected using a nonprobability sampling approach. SPSS version 17 Complex Sample was used to analyze the data. Chi-square and multiple linear regression are used to analyze the data. The statistical tests revealed that none of the factors gathered throughout the communication process had a statistically significant relationship with the implementation. 1192/MENKES/PER/X/2004 is also a consideration in terms of resources and disposition. Lester and Stewart Jr. say that implementation is both a process and a result (output). Regardless of whether or not the aims are reached, the implementation of a policy can be judged or observed by the process and its outcomes (results). This is not dissimilar to what Merrile Grindle expresses. In addition, the results of the correlation test show that the three independent variables have a strong link and a favorable pattern of interaction. Communication requires gaining essential resources, creating strong relationships, and discovering positive patterned variables that have the disposition of a stand/disposition correctly, and it will increasingly be achieved through policy implementation.
HYBRID VERRUCUS CARCINOMA OF THE ORAL CAVITY: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Goutzanis Lampros , Tsami Christina , Diamantatou Theodora , Kolomvos Nikolaos
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Verrucous carcinoma (VC) of the oral mucosa is a rare type of non-metastatic, low-grade and well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The neoplasm is typically presented with a slow and superficial growth in elderly males. Various factors are known to implicate in its pathogenesis and affect the progression and prognosis of the neoplasm. When invasive atypical areas are present, VC is then described as hybrid verrucous carcinoma (HVC). Case Report: A 55-year-old woman was referred with an elevated leukoplakic verrucous lesion on the dorsal surface of the tongue, measuring 2 cm at its maximum diameter. The patient had been a smoker for ten years with no pertinent past medical history. An incisional biopsy had already been performed a month before referral with the histopathology report of an atypical verrucous papillary lesion. An excisional biopsy was performed at the referral and the lesion was resected with a spindle-shaped surgical incision circumcising the neoplasm within safety margins. The final histopathology report made the diagnosis of VC with multiple foci of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (verrucous carcinoma – hybrid type). Conclusion: Differential diagnosis of VC still remains a challenge and various clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters should be considered. The treatment of choice for VC is surgical excision within safety margins. A clinical follow-up should then be scheduled for these patients and they must remain alert for any changes of the oral mucosa for the future.
A COMPARISON OF GBR MEMBRANES
Authors: Tsichlaki Maria , Xintara Chrysoula , Petsinis Vassilis
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Guided bone regeneration has become common practice among surgeons because it gives them the opportunity to place implants in bone defects or absorbed alveolar ridges. This fact raises the question which membrane should one use to achieve the best results. Purpose and Methods: The aim of this study is to present the most recent data around GBR membranes. The existing types of membranes will be compared for their ability to facilitate bone regeneration, their biocompatibility, and their clinical complications. Research for this study was done by evaluating papers of the last decade from the following online databases: PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. Finally, selected clinical cases will be presented. Results: Membranes are divided in two main categories resorbable (collagen, synthetic) and non-resorbable (ePTFE, Ti reinforced). It is quite challenging to compare clinical trials because they use different parameters for comparison such as selection criteria of the patients, the type of defect to be treated, the way of executing the treatment, the duration, the materials used and the evaluation criteria. As far as bone regeneration is concerned there seem to be no significant differences in bone level and density of newly formed bone between different types of membranes when used in combination with bone grafts. However, non-resorbable membranes are more likely to cause tissue dehiscence, become exposed to the oral environment and subsequently become infected. Also, there are new types of membranes being studied which aim to play an active role in bone regeneration with embedded active ingredients, but more research needs to be done. Conclusions: According to the most recent protocols the combination of bone grafts and collagen membranes is selected in most cases because it has less clinical complications.
ΟSSEODENSIFICATION. A PROMISING NEW TECHNIQUE.
Authors: Charisis Efstratios , Giasimakopoulos Panagiotis , Kavakloglou Stefania , Mylona Danae
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION: The technique of Οsseodensification has recently appeared in clinical practice by Salah Huwais for the placement of dental implants. This technique relies on the use of special burs (Versah), which in contrast to the conventional drilling techniques these burs do not excavate bone. PURPOSE: To highlight the importance of Οsseodensification in clinical practice. METHOD: A literature review for the last five years was performed, with keywords such as: Implant stability, osseodensification, osteotomy. RESULTS: During osteotomy, unlike conventional implant drills, the bone is advanced into the implant shaft instead of being removed. Versah burs allow for more accurate osteotomy preparation and reduce any potential drilling vibrations. With these special burs we have the ability to push the bone towards the base of the implant lumen. Finally, a closed sinus lift can be achieved by lifting the sinus membrane up to 3 mm without the use of a foreign graft. CONCLUSIONS: Οsseodensification has helped the clinician to achieve the maximum possible primary stability during the placement of the implant. The fact is, however, that there is a lack of sufficient documentation. It is therefore necessary to carry out more clinical studies, so as to lead to safer conclusions about the long-term results of the above technique.
Nasal reconstruction after skin cancer surgery; presentation of treatment modalities for medically compromised patients.
Authors: Antoniou Asterios , Louizakis Alexandros , Tatsis Dimitris , Chrysostomidis Anestis , Kyrgidis Athanassios , Vahtsevanos Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

Nasal reconstruction after surgical excision of non-melanoma skin cancer defects can be a challenging condition for every head and neck surgeon. There are certain technical difficulties that arise from the tissue deficit and the area that a locoregional flap can cover. What is more, patients with a compromised medical history cannot always receive a surgical management under general anaesthesia, limitating even more the defect reconstruction. The aim of the present study is to present two patients that were treated under local anaesthesia for advanced basal cell carcinomas of the nose, with modifications of paramedian and hemi-nasal flaps that provided excellent surgical and aesthetic outcomes, despite the limits of the surgical modality.
“STICKY TOOTH”. SOCKET PRESERVATION BY USING AN AUTOLOGOUS DENTINE GRAFT IN COMBINATION WITH PLASMA RICH FIBRIN. CASE REPORT AND A TWO YEARS FOLLOW UP.
Authors: Zacharopoulos Georgios
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The present report describes the preservation of two post extraction sockets in the same 75 years old female patient by using an autologous dentin graft of the two extracted teeth and the clinical-radiographic evaluation after two years. Case presentation: the extracted teeth (33,43) were properly processed due to the protocol and device of Smart Dentin Grinder of KometaBio company as an autologous dentin graft and mixed with the S-PRF (platelet rich fibrin) as a “sticky tooth” and filled the post extraction sockets for preservation. The sockets covered by PRF membranes and simple sutures were placed. The clinical and radiographic evaluation of the patient one and two years after the placement of the autologous dentin graft showed the stability and the complete osseointegration of the graft without any complication. Results: although the “sticky tooth” method is new, its efficiency in the socket preservation and the quality of the new bone formation is documented by the literature. The advantages of this method are: financial cost reduce, patient’s acceptance, storage feasibility for future use of the dentin graft and better quality of new formed bone. The disadvantages compared to the usual method of placing other grafting materials are probably the purchasing cost of the device and the needed time for the preparation and production of the graft. Compared to the autologous bone graft it seems to have the same osseo-inductive and osseo-compatible features, without the trauma of the donor site, resulting as a promising grafting material.
Immunomodulatory effects of Nd:YAG (1064 nm) and diode laser (810 nm) wavelengths to LPS-challenged human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Papadelli Anastasia , Kyriakidou Kyriaki , Kotsakis Georgios A. , Pepelassi EudoXia , Kallis Antonis , Vrotsos Ioannis A. , Karoussis Ioannis K.
Published: April 2022

Objective: Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) are involved in inflammatory responses to bacteria by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In search of host modulation strategies to increase LPS tolerance, Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been suggested as an alternative treatment that reduces periodontal tissue inflammation. In this study, we investigate whether 810 nm (diode) and 1064 nm (Nd:YAG) laser wavelengths, modulate pro-inflammatory responses to LPS challenges in hGFs. Design: Primary hGFs were challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS and irradiated with either Diode (810 nm) or with Nd:YAG (1064 nm) lasers. Cell cultures were examined for cell proliferation by MTT assay and IL-6 and IL-8 expression by qPCR at 24, 48 and 72 h. IL-6 and IL-8 protein levels were detected via ELISA. Results: Naïve hGF populations irradiated with both Diode 810 nm and Nd:YAG 1064 nm lasers demonstrated cellular proliferation (p < 0.05), but LLLT did not affect cellular viability in LPS-challenged cells. IL-6 and IL-8 gene expression levels revealed significant anti-inflammatory effects of irradiation with both examined wave- lengths on hGFs challenged with P. gingivalis LPS. Protein levels of these cytokines were increased by LPS challenge. Treatment with LLLT inhibited this increase for both wavelengths evaluated in the study at a statistically significant level particularly for the first 48 h. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates a modulatory effect of LLLT using both 810 nm diode and Nd:YAG 1064 nm lasers in gingival fibroblasts by decreasing the production of IL-6, IL-8 in response to LPS.
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF SAFESCRAPER® IN MAXILLARY SINUS FLOOR ELEVATION AND RIDGE AUGMENTATION
Authors: Evangelia Nanou , George Vilos A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Although there is a wide variety of bone grafting materials for the augmentation of the deficient alveolar ridge, autogenous bone is still considered to be the gold standard. There are various methods for harvesting autologous bone grafts. Among these, Safescraper® is conveniently used as a harvesting device of autogenous cortical bone in oral Implantology and reconstructive surgery, ensuring high volumes of grafting material with a minimally invasive and predictable procedure. Purpose. The purpose of this presentation is to showcase the clinical applications of Safescraper® in various augmentation procedures and to review the existing literature for the evidence supporting its application in clinical practice. Materials and Methods. In the presented cases, Safescraper® provided surface-derived autogenous bone graft deriving from the maxillary tuberosity, the zygomatic buttress, the lateral sinus wall, the pyriform aperture of the nose, the external oblique ridge and the mandibular symphysis. The collected autogenous bone has been mixed either with xenograft, or autologous venous blood, or platelet-rich fibrin and used in procedures such as: Maxillary sinus floor elevation, Reconstruction of periimplant defects, Reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects with onlay autogenous blocks, or bone rings, Ridge augmentations using resorbable collagen membranes, titanium-reinforced non-resorbable membranes or titanium meshes, Ridge augmentations using the Khoury technique. Results. Satisfactory amounts of autogenous bone have been harvested in all cases. The bone harvesting procedure was swift, reliable and devoid of any complications. Conclusion. Safescraper® is an extremely useful, cost-effective and minimally invasive device for collecting bone to adequately cover the needs in autogenous grafts everyday clinical practice.
A novel crestal protocol for the application of denatured Albumin in minimally invasive Implantology and Sinus Piezosurgery - Preliminary Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Ntontoulos Vasileios , Ntamparakis Nikolaos
Published: April 2022

Sinus-Floor-Elevation surgical procedure has been considered the dominant treatment protocol towards posterior maxillary atrophy and implant rehabilitation. Nevertheless, the high incidence of postoperative sinusitis and intra- and post-operative complications, such as Schneider’s membrane perforation in 10-55% of patients, constitute it an invasive approach of high morbidity (mainly adopted for open-lateral-window version). The innovative crestal approach termed PAC-Protocol (Piezo-Alb-CGF) comprises: a) Minimally invasive transcrestal-flapped or flapless-approach, b) Piezosurgery preparation by Sinus Intralift™ Technique (Satelec–France), c) Schneiderian membrane cavitation by hydrodynamic membrane detachment-elevation, d) CGF-matrix into the sinus, e) Denatured Albumin, mixed together with Autologous Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF), an Autologous-Osseoinductive-Slow-Absorption-Graft (of 6 to 8 weeks) placed (within the interspace between membrane & sinus bone floor) as a scaffold, f) Bone grafting (optional), (g) Implantation, (h) Wound closure, evaluation for next 4-6 months postop. The clinical sample comprises five (5) patients (2 women – 3 men) with an average age of 55.6 years and an average residual-bone-height of 3.9 mm. A total of eight (8) implants were placed, showing sufficient to high primary stability without any complications. CBCT and panoramic x-rays also showed new bone formation and complete osseointegration. The Albumin-CGF regenerative properties promote new bone formation, eliminate sinus surgery's high-risk and postoperative patient morbidity, and reduce the healing period (4-6 months) compared to the current surgical procedures. PAC-Protocol provides uniform-safe-hydraulic membrane lift and bi-cortical implant fixation due to piezo-surgery under-preparation of only 2.8mm in diameter, even in cases with a residual bone height below 6mm to avoid an open lateral-window approach.
BONE REGENERATION FOR DENTAL IMPLANT PLACEMENT: A 5-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 358 CASES
Authors: Goutzanis Lampros , Chatzichalepli Chara , Goutzanis Panagiotis , Mastrogeorgiou Michail , Avgoustidis Dimitrios
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Bone regeneration techniques are essential prior to dental implant placement in cases of mandibular or maxillary bone deficit. Depending on the area and the extent of bone loss, as well as the type of prosthetic rehabilitation to be applied, different bone regeneration techniques can be used. Aim: The scope of this study is to analyze a series of patients that underwent mandibular or maxillary bone regeneration, in effort to highlight the most widely used techniques and their outcome. Materials and Methods: 358 cases that underwent maxillary or mandibular bone regeneration in an oral and maxillofacial private clinic within the last 5 years are thoroughly analyzed retrospectively in terms of various parameters from their demographic and medical records, the type of bone regeneration technique that was applied and the final bone augmentation and implant osseointegration outcome. Results: The most widely used technique for bone regeneration was GBR (n=184, 51.3%), followed by sinus floor elevation (n=162, 45.3%) and autologous bone block grafts (n=12, 3.4%). In 1 case of GBR with a non-resorbable membrane, membrane exposure was noted. In 5 cases of sinus lift, inflammation occurred. In one case with bone block grafts from the iliac crest, inflammation was presented a few weeks after surgery and one of the bone blocks was partially resorbed. Conclusions: GBR with a resorbable membrane barrier and sinus lift appeared to have the most predictable outcomes in terms of mandibular or maxillary bone augmentation.
Thyroglossal duct cysts, a case series in Oral Maxillofacial surgery Department of G. Papanikolaou Hospital of Thessaloniki.
Authors: Grivas Thedodoros , Tatsis Dimitris , Astreidis Ioannis , Paraskeuopoulos Konstantinos , Vahtsevanos Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

Introduction A thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most frequent embryonic-origin cervical mass situated in the anterior of the neck. This anomaly occurs in approximately in 7% of people, usually in children. Mainly it presents as a mobile, non-tender, usually inferior to the hyoid bone (~75% of patients) painless swelling but it can be painful when accompanied by local inflammation. The recommended management for TGDC is the Sistrunk procedure, ensuring removal of the full length of the duct remnants by including the midportion of the hyoid bone. Case series presentation The aim of this paper is to present a case series of five patients who were operated in the OMFS department of Papanikolaou Hospital of Thessaloniki within 2.5 years (9/2019-2/2022). The patients were four males (80%) (mean age 50.5 years, outliers 36 and 71years) and one (20%) 63 years old female. All of them presented with a mobile painless neck swelling and they had normal thyroid function. All patients underwent a surgical excision of thyroglossal cyst including the midportion of hyoid bone (Sistrunk procedure). None of them presented a recurrence. Conclusion A TGDC, although it is rare in adults as it is typically diagnosed and treated surgically in childhood, it can be complicated with inflammation. In any case, surgical resection and histological confirmation are required as cases of malignant lesion have been reported.
PTERYGOID PLATE IMPLANTS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF THE ATROPHIC POSTERIOR MAXILLA: SURGICAL TECHNIQUE AND REPORT OF CASES.
Authors: Tsami Christina , Alexandridis Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior maxilla with dental implants is a challenging procedure due to various limitations. Low bone quality and quantity, the anatomy of the maxillary sinus and inaccessibility to the area, are the most frequent obstacles that surgeons have to overcome. Several surgical techniques have been used as a solution to this problem, such as sinus lift augmentation procedures with bone graft, guided bone regeneration, tilted implants, short implants, zygomatic implants and pterygoid plate implants. This case report presents the placement of implants in the pterygomaxillary region, aiming to restore the partially edentulous posterior maxilla in two patients, without any additional surgical procedures. The aim was to place a fixed dental prosthesis using a minimum invasive surgical protocol. The usual surgical technique had to be modified because of the anatomical limits encountered in that region, as the quality of bone and the extent of the maxillary sinus. A 30 years follow up is presented. Conclusion: In view of the clinical case follow up and the literature review that only minor surgical complications have been reported, it is concluded that pterygoid implants are a valid and safe solution for the rehabilitation of the edentulous posterior maxilla avoiding more invasive surgical procedures.
Melanoma Cancer Detection using Deep Learning
Authors:   Thakur College of Engineering and Technology Mumbai, India, Gupta Mukul
Published: April 2022

this paper addresses the deep learning- based classification model that is used for classifying melanoma cancer. Skin cancer has been a wide concern of medical disease and having an efficient and robust self-learned model for helping detect them in early stages will be very useful. The model in this paper is trained on a very extensive dataset and was validated to have high accuracy for prediction. The model has also used the concept of transfer learning along with other models like VGG16, AlexNet and ResNet. Keywords— deep learning, transfer learning, melanoma Cancer ResNet, AlexNet, VGG16.