bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Optimized Strategy Based on Conventional Ultrasound for Diagnosing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Feng Xiongcai , Ye Junzhao , Deng Hong , Li Xin , Xu Lishu , Feng Shiting , Dong Zhi , Liao Bing , Dong Zhiyong , Zhong Bihui
Published: November 2023

The inherent drawbacks of the conventional B-mode ultrasound for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the impact factors and optimize the screening performance of ultrasound in MASLD. In a prospective pilot cohort recruited from July 2020 to January 2022, subjects who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF), ultrasound, and laboratory test-based assessments were included in the deprivation cohort. A validation cohort including 426 patients with liver histologic assessments from five medical centers in South China was also recruited. A total of 1489 Chinese subjects were enrolled in the deprivation cohort, and ultrasound misdiagnosed 62.2% of the non-MASLD patients and failed to detect 6.1% of the MASLD patients. The number of metabolic dysfunction components and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level were associated with a missed diagnosis by ultrasound (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.55–0.82 p < 0.001; OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.31–0.79, p = 0.003, respectively). Compared with ultrasound alone, the new strategy based on ultrasound, in combination with measurements of the number of metabolic dysfunction components and ALT and uric acid levels, significantly improved the AUROC both in the research cohort and the validation cohort (0.66 vs. 0.84, 0.83 vs. 0.92, respectively). The number of metabolic dysfunction components and ALT and uric acid levels improved the screening efficacy of ultrasound for MASLD.
The Impact of the Rapid Blood Culture Identification Panel on Antibiotic Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in Bloodstream Infections, Particularly Those Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Micro-Organisms
Authors: Bae Ji-Yun , Bae Jiyeon , So Min-Kyung , Choi Hee-Jung , Lee Miae
Published: November 2023

We evaluated the impact of the FilmArray blood culture identification (BCID) panel on the time taken to administer effective antibiotics and the clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections. We retrospectively screened patients with bloodstream infections who underwent BCID testing and compared them to a historical control group that received conventional culture testing. A total of 144 and 214 patients who underwent BCID and conventional cultures, respectively, were compared. The 30-day mortality (BCID: 9.7% vs. conventional method: 10.7%, p = 0.755), time to effective antibiotic administration (3 h for both BCID and conventional method, p = 0.789), and time to appropriate antibiotic administration did not differ significantly between the groups. BCID was not significantly associated with 30-day mortality after adjusting for the Pitt bacteremia score and the Charlson comorbidity index (adjusted OR = 0.833, CI; 0.398–1.743). Compared with conventional methods, BCID reduced the time to administration of effective antibiotics in cases of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) (39 h vs. 93 h, p = 0.012) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) (50 h vs. 92 h, p < 0.001) bacteremia. BCID did not affect the clinical outcomes of overall bloodstream infections; however, it contributed to the early administration of effective antibiotics in cases of CRE and VRE bacteremia.
Recent Advancements and Perspectives in the Diagnosis of Skin Diseases Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A Review
Authors: Zhang Junpeng , Zhong Fan , He Kaiqiao , Ji Mengqi , Li Shuli , Li Chunying
Published: November 2023

Objective: Skin diseases constitute a widespread health concern, and the application of machine learning and deep learning algorithms has been instrumental in improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment effectiveness. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the existing research on the utilization of machine learning and deep learning in the field of skin disease diagnosis, with a particular focus on recent widely used methods of deep learning. The present challenges and constraints were also analyzed and possible solutions were proposed. Methods: We collected comprehensive works from the literature, sourced from distinguished databases including IEEE, Springer, Web of Science, and PubMed, with a particular emphasis on the most recent 5-year advancements. From the extensive corpus of available research, twenty-nine articles relevant to the segmentation of dermatological images and forty-five articles about the classification of dermatological images were incorporated into this review. These articles were systematically categorized into two classes based on the computational algorithms utilized: traditional machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms. An in-depth comparative analysis was carried out, based on the employed methodologies and their corresponding outcomes. Conclusions: Present outcomes of research highlight the enhanced effectiveness of deep learning methods over traditional machine learning techniques in the field of dermatological diagnosis. Nevertheless, there remains significant scope for improvement, especially in improving the accuracy of algorithms. The challenges associated with the availability of diverse datasets, the generalizability of segmentation and classification models, and the interpretability of models also continue to be pressing issues. Moreover, the focus of future research should be appropriately shifted. A significant amount of existing research is primarily focused on melanoma, and consequently there is a need to broaden the field of pigmented dermatology research in the future. These insights not only emphasize the potential of deep learning in dermatological diagnosis but also highlight directions that should be focused on.
Comparative Evaluation of a Standard M10 Assay with Xpert Xpress for the Rapid Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B Virus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Abdullah Azwani , Sam I-Ching , Ong Yin Jie , Theo Chun Hao , Pukhari Muhammad Harith , Chan Yoke Fun
Published: November 2023

SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B virus (IAV/IBV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are among the common viruses causing acute respiratory infections. Clinical diagnosis to differentiate these viruses is challenging due to similar clinical presentations; thus, laboratory-based real-time RT PCR is the gold standard for diagnosis. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of STANDARD M10 Flu/RSV/SARS-CoV-2 (SD Biosensor Inc., Seoul, Korea) using archived positive and negative respiratory samples for SARS-CoV-2, IAV, IBV, and RSV. A total of 322 respiratory samples were tested, comprising 215 positive samples (49 SARS-CoV-2, 48 IAV, 53 IBV, 65 RSV) and 107 negative samples. All samples were tested with both STANDARD M10 and compared to either Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 or Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value rates of STANDARD M10 were very similar to Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 or Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV ranges for each virus (98–100%). The duration of testing and workflows were similar. The overall agreement was 99.4%, including 99.1% agreement for positive samples and 100% agreement for negative samples. In conclusion, the STANDARD M10 point-of-care test is suitable for rapid simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2, IAV, IBV, and RSV.
An Analysis of Problem-Based Learning vs. Traditional Teaching among Students in Azerbaijan
Authors: Sattarova Ulkar , Arsenijevic Jelena , Groot Wim
Published: November 2023

Objective: Our goal was to analyze the effects of implementing problem-based learning (PBL) at the Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction. Method: We compared students that attended lectures and tutorials using PBL and students that attended lectures and tutorials using traditional teaching methods. In total, 737 students (intervention group) participated in PBL and 2201 in non-PBL (Control group A and Control group B) at the university. Descriptive statistics and a statistical Kruskal–Wallis test were used to analyze the data and determine whether groups could be compared. We used propensity score matching to make groups comparable and analyzed the differences between groups. Results: The results of the statistical analysis and descriptive statistical characteristics for the unmatched samples are presented in this paper. We also present the differences between the PBL group and two non-PBL groups based on the unmatched samples. All calculations were performed on one outcome measure: the final scores of students. The results show that even within a short period of time (one semester or academic year), applying PBL can have promising effects, although these effects are generally not statistically significant. However, after matching, the differences between the PBL and non-PBL groups were significant. Discussion and conclusions: Even a preliminary and limited introduction of PBL appears to have promising impacts on learning outcomes, as demonstrated by students’ final scores on subjects that were taught using the PBL approach. The results suggest that post-Soviet countries with education traditions that differ from Western ones can benefit from PBL. It is advised to prolong the implementation of PBL and advocate for wider dissemination of this method in Azerbaijan and elsewhere in post-Soviet countries.
Are You Ready for a Story? Kindergarten Children’s Emotional Competencies during a Story-Reading Situation Is Associated with Their Readiness for School
Authors: Sofri Inbar , Czik Amanda , Ziv Yair
Published: November 2023

The current study aimed to explore the associations between children’s emotional reactions to stories and their school readiness skills. One hundred and fifty kindergarten children (Mage = 66.98 months; 66 boys) were interviewed to examine their emotional reactions to a story, and the children’s kindergarten teachers reported on the children’s school readiness skills: verbal abilities, approaches toward learning, and social skills. Using bibliotherapeutic terms and methods, the children’s identification with the main character in the story, their insight about the story, and their ability to connect the story to their own experiences were coded. Findings revealed associations between the children’s emotional responses to the story, specifically, the children’s identification and echoing with all three school readiness indicators (verbal abilities, behavior, and approaches toward learning). Additionally, the children’s insight into the story mediated the link between verbal abilities and approaches toward learning and between verbal abilities and hyperactivity. Practically, the current study offers a new approachable method that practitioners can use as a possible emotional tool in early education. Children’s responses to a story can provide a unique opportunity to better understand children’s perceptions of different narratives and socio-emotional situations, which can direct educators in their work. Empirically, the current study can guide further research and training on utilizing stories to understand children’s readiness for school.
Left-Invariant PID Control Almost Globally Stabilizes Rigid-Body Attitudes with Right-Invariant Biases
Authors: Zhang Zhifei , Liu Guowei , Hou Beiping , Li Jinrong
Published: November 2023

This paper studies the robust stabilization of rigid-body attitudes represented by a special orthogonal matrix. A geometric proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is proposed with all the input commands defined in the dual space so*(3) of a Lie algebra for left-invariant systems evolving on a Lie group SO(3). Almost global asymptotic stability (AGAS) of the close system is proved by constructing a gradient-descent Lyapunov function after explicitly performing two stages of variable change. The attitudes are stabilized to the stable equilibrium despite the influence of inertially fixed biases. The convergent behaviors and the robustness to biases are verified by numerical simulations.
A Wideband Low-Profile Dual-Polarized Antenna Based on a Metasurface
Authors: Wu Rui , Cao Shuai , Liu Yuan , Cai Shuting
Published: November 2023

A wideband, low-profile, dual-polarized antenna using a metasurface (MS) is proposed in this paper. This design consists of a pair of crossed dipoles, an MS, a metal cavity and two baluns. The proposed MS acts as an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), which is designed for the ±90° reflection-phase bandwidth of 1.4–2.9 GHz. Compared with the 0.25λ0 profile of the traditional crossed dipoles, the profile is reduced to 0.15λ0 by using the in-phase reflection characteristics of the MS, which realizes the utilization of space. The measured results show that the antenna has a 10 dB return loss of 68.2% with isolation of more than 30 dB (1.45–2.95 GHz). The realized gain is 9 dBi with ±1 dBi variation, especially exceeding 10 dBi from 2.1 to 2.8 GHz.
Technological Alternatives for Electric Propulsion Systems in the Waterway Sector
Authors: Candelo-Beccera John E. , Maldonado Leonardo Bohórquez , Sanabria Edwin Paipa , Pestana Hernán Vergara , García José Jiménez
Published: November 2023

The trend in the development of maritime and river propulsion systems is to make a transition from hydrocarbon to more environmentally friendly solutions. This contributes positively to the solution of the problems identified by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regarding the high emissions of polluting gases emitted by maritime transportation. Currently, there is a wide variety of systems available due to the development of mobility technologies focused on decarbonization. This paper presents an analysis of technological alternatives for boats with electromobility applications and propulsion systems in the waterway field. First, a description of the operation of boats with electric motors, the different energy sources, and the alternative propulsion options is presented. Then, the electromobility technologies are characterized, analyzing the different configurations between the power source and the propulsion system. The results show a comparative table of technologies and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the most environmentally friendly technologies present significant challenges for large-scale implementation due to their recent development. In the short term, hybrid systems technologies present advantages over the others, as current systems are available, with the addition of equipment with higher efficiency and lower environmental impact.
Sensorless Control Strategy for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors in the Full-Speed Section
Authors: Wang Jianping , Ma Jian , Zhao Xuan , Meng Dean , Xu Kejie , Guo Dianxiang
Published: November 2023

Along with the advancement of modern control technology, electric vehicles have gradually become the leading force in the development of the automobile industry. Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) have gradually become a mainstream electric vehicle drive component due to their high power density and excellent controllability. This type of motor can form a high-precision closed-loop control system with position sensors, which improves the overall performance. However, the operating conditions are complicated, and position sensor failure can easily occur, which reduces the stability of the motor system. For the fault-tolerant control problem of position sensor failure, pulse high-frequency voltage injection and an improved sliding mode observer (SMO) are employed to achieve the sensorless control of both the low-speed and medium-high-speed sections of the electric motor. Combining the advantages of high-frequency voltage injection in the low-speed section with a high accuracy of position estimation and the advantages of improved SMO in the high-speed section with low computational volume, the composite sensorless control strategy is proposed for IPMSM in the full-speed section. Secondly, an improved SMO using a segmented composite function as the control function is proposed to improve the robustness of the system. It is proposed to address the issue of the smooth transition between the low-speed section and the medium- and high-speed section by using linear weighting. Finally, in order to validate the accuracy of the sensorless control technology, a rapid control prototype of IPMSMs based on Speedgoat is constructed by using a semi-physical simulation system. The efficacy of the control algorithms in the low-speed section, high-speed section and transition interval is verified.
Effects of Different Channel Geometries of Metallic Bipolar Plates on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Busqué Raquel , Bossio Matias , Brigido Albert , Lara Antoni
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the effects of different channel geometries on the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with thermal and electrochemical simulations to analyze five channel geometries (cases A to E) of bipolar plates. A thorough study on this topic is not found in the literature and aims to identify designs that optimize performance and align with cost-effective production methods. Among the various studied geometries, case D, featuring a trapezoidal cross-section, exhibited the most favorable performance compared to the others, with a current density value of 2.01 A/cm2 and a maximum temperature of 74.89 °C at 0.3 V, leading to an increase in generated power of 4.46%, compared to base case A. The trapezoidal shape enhanced the contact area with the reacting region, resulting in higher reaction rates and an improved overall performance. However, the study also highlights the relevance of velocity and turbulence, with case B demonstrating an enhanced performance due to its higher velocity, and case E benefiting from localized higher velocity regions and turbulence created by baffles. Case B can increase generated power at its peak by around 3.21%, and case E can improve it by 1.29%, with respect to case A. These findings underscore that contact area has a major impact on the PEMFC performance, but velocity and turbulence also play relevant roles. Additionally, trapezoidal channels can be easily manufactured through sheet metal-forming techniques, aligning well with new market trends of weight and cost reduction on bipolar plates. Fuel and oxygen utilization percentages, 38.14% and 62.96% at 0.3 V, respectively, further confirm the superiority of trapezoidal channels, providing insights into optimizing the PEMFC performance. This exhaustive study contributes valuable information for designing efficient metallic bipolar plates and advancing the development of practical fuel cell technologies.
An Innovative Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Circular Economy System for Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Europe via Extensive Reuse of Existing Fluorinated Gases
Authors: Barmparitsas Nikolaos , Karellas Sotirios , Pallis Platon , Thanopoulos Sotirios , Kobelt Daniel
Published: November 2023

Reducing emissions from fluorinated gases (F-gases) is considered one of the key conditions for the European Union (EU) to be able to meet the requirements of the European Green Deal, primary objectives of which are the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 and the gradual transition to net climate neutrality by 2050. To this end, a quota system for hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) is already in place, introduced through the updated F-Gas Regulation (517/2014). The aim of this paper is to review an innovative scheme currently under development that strongly promotes the Recovery, Recycling and Reuse (3R) of F-gases extracted from the heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC-R) equipment of the building sector, thus offering a sustainable alternative source for refrigerant supplies. Therefore, the basic operating principles of the so-called “3R ECOSYSTEM” are outlined and especially its three main components, which are: the self-certification/self-declaration platform, the F-gas identification and recycling units (prototypes) and the Retradeables marketplace. In addition, an overview of both the demonstration phase and the scheduled replication phase of the 3R ECOSYSTEM is provided, including the estimated impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) savings due to the progressive uptake of the circular use of existing F-gases across Europe.
Electrification of a Remote Rural Farm with Solar Energy—Contribution to the Development of Smart Farming
Authors: Santos Adriano A. , Pereira Filipe , da Silva António Ferreira , Caetano Nídia , Felgueiras Carlos , Machado José
Published: November 2023

Rural farms constitute a vital component of a country’s agricultural landscape, traditionally reliant on energy installations known for their reliability yet notorious for their energy-intensive and inefficient characteristics. While the smart farm concept, integrating renewable energy sources and resource management technologies, has seen widespread adoption in domestic and industrial sectors, rural farms have been slower to embrace these innovations. This study presents a groundbreaking solution, deployed on a rural farm in Portugal, resulting in an impressive 83.24% reduction in energy consumption sourced from the grid. Notably, this achievement translates to a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions, aligning with the growing need for environmentally sustainable farming practices. The technical intricacies of this pioneering solution are comprehensively described and juxtaposed with other scientific case studies, offering valuable insights for replication. This initiative represents a vital first step towards the integration or combination of conventional farming with photovoltaic energy production, exemplified by agrivoltaic systems. In conclusion, this research showcases the potential for rural farms to significantly enhance energy efficiency and financial viability, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and cost-effective agricultural sector. These findings serve as a model for similar endeavors, paving the way for a greener and more economically viable future for rural farming practices.
Balancing of Low-Voltage Supply Network with a Smart Utility Controller Leveraging Distributed Customer Energy Sources
Authors: Mtolo Dumisani , Dorrell David , Pillay Carpanen Rudiren
Published: November 2023

In South Africa, there has been a rapid adoption of solar power, particularly inverter-based solar sources, in low-voltage (LV) networks due to factors such as load shedding, rising electricity costs and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. In residential LV networks, the alignment between solar supply and energy demand is less precise, necessitating larger battery storage systems to effectively utilize solar energy. Residential areas experience peak energy demand in the morning and evening when solar irradiance is limited. As a result, substantial energy storage is important to fully utilize the potential of solar energy. However, increasing inverter-based, customer-generated power creates an imbalance in the utility supply. This is because utility LV supply transformers have three phases, while individual customers have single-phase connections and no load balancing control mechanism. This supply imbalance adversely affects the overall power quality, causing energy losses, damage to devices and other issues. To address these problems, the paper proposes a smart control approach to minimize power imbalances within utility LV supply transformers. The controller uses customer battery storage in residential areas to balance the utility transformer phases. A laboratory model was built to simulate a three-phase low-voltage network with single-phase customers, both with and without a smart controller. The results show that closely monitoring and controlling individual inverters through a central controller can significantly improve the balance of the supply network.
Monitoring the Geometry of Powered Roof Supports—Determination of Measurement Accuracy
Authors: Jasiulek Dariusz , Skóra Marcin , Jagoda Jerzy , Jura Jerzy , Rogala-Rojek Joanna , Hetmańczyk Mariusz
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a system for measuring the geometry of powered roof support sections (Shield Support Monitoring System, SSMS). The problem of measuring the geometry of powered roof support sections for the purpose of predicting geological hazards during the rock excavation process is presented. Information on the construction and implementation of the SSMS and research at the Budryk Mine is included. The research aimed to evaluate both the precision and accuracy of the measurement apparatus created, as well as to examine how operating conditions affect the system’s usability. An analysis of inclinometer measurement errors in the prototype system was conducted during in situ tests, demonstrating minimal scattering and high sensor accuracy according to the provided data.
Evaluation of Pt-Co Nano-Catalyzed Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Pethaiah Sethu Sundar , Jayakumar Arunkumar , Palanichamy Kalyani
Published: November 2023

The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) encompassing the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and catalyst layers are the key components in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The cost of the PEMFC stacks has been limiting its commercialization due to the inflated price of conventional platinum (Pt)-based catalysts. As a consequence, the authors of this paper focus on developing novel bi-metallic (Pt-Co) nano-alloy-catalyzed MEAs using the non-equilibrium impregnation–reduction (NEIR) approach with an aim to reduce the Pt content, and hence, the cost. Herein, the MEAs are fabricated on a Nafion® membrane with a 0.4 mgPtcm−2 Pt:Co electrocatalyst loading at three atomic ratios, viz., 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50. The High Resolution-Scanning Electron Microscopic (HR-SEM) characterization of the MEAs show a favorable surface morphology with a uniform distribution of Pt-Co alloy particles with an average size of about 15–25 µm. Under standard fuel cell test conditions, an MEA with a 50:50 atomic ratio of Pt:Co exhibited a peak power density of 0.879 Wcm−2 for H2/O2 and 0.727 Wcm−2 for H2/air systems. The X-ray diffractometry (XRD), SEM, EDX, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), impedance, and polarization studies validate that Pt:Co can be a potential affordable alternative to high-cost Pt. Additionally, a high degree of stability in the fuel cell performance was also demonstrated with Pt50:Co50.
Energy Efficiency Forecast as an Inverse Stochastic Problem: A Cross-Entropy Econometrics Approach
Authors: Bwanakare Second
Published: November 2023

This paper forecasts the energy efficiency coefficients at the Polish province level (NUT-2), based on imperfect and contradictory knowledge. On the one hand, we have information on the aggregated national energy efficiency coefficients in the industrial, transport, household, and service sectors. On the other hand, we also have information on the energy intensity at the Polish province level. Since the two samples are of different natures and known with uncertainty, we are obviously dealing with an inverse stochastic problem whose solution requires particular statistical devices. The applied technique of non-extensive cross-entropy econometrics generalizes the Shannon-Kullback-Leibler approach based on the Gaussian assumptions. Its justification is explained throughout this paper from both methodological and empirical points of view. The model forecasts lead to the high-value energy efficiency estimates from quasi-unstructured sets of information. This constitutes the main contribution of this research. These outputs should provide energy policy units with valuable new devices for the optimization of the energy management processes on a disaggregated local level where, by contrast, different agents and households act decisively. On a global level, the proposed technique can be applied in different EU countries and elsewhere, in the context of experimental official statistics.
Effect of Pharmaceutical Compounds (Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, and Erythromycin) on the Heterotrophic Behaviors of Biomass of a Membrane Bioreactor to Treat Urban Wastewater
Authors: Antiñolo Bermúdez Laura , Díaz Mendoza Verónica , Poyatos Capilla José Manuel , Muñío Martínez María del Mar , Martín Pascual Jaime
Published: November 2023

The increasing prevalence of pharmaceutical substances in wastewater is emerging as a pressing ecological issue on a global scale. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological influence of pharmaceutical compounds on the heterotrophic biomass residing in a membrane bioreactor. The study examined the way microorganisms react to antibiotic and anti-inflammatory compounds, with the goal of proactively tackling potential issues and developing solutions that may emerge withing wastewater treatment plant bioreactors. Respirometric tests were carried out to determine the kinetic response of the heterotrophic biomass. The same study was carried out in the steady state of the plant under different conditions of hydraulic retention times (6 and 12 h) and biomass concentration (2888 ± 371 mg/L to 7477 ± 869 mg/L). A response surface statistical analysis was applied to determine the effect of the variables on the rate of substrate degradation for organic matter removal and the growth rate of net heterotrophic biomass. The results show that the biological response of the biomass is concerned when exposed to a combination of pharmaceutical substances such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, and erythromycin, in four cycles of operation at 16 varying concentrations of pharmaceuticals in each cycle. This suggests the presence of a synergistic effect among these pharmaceuticals, leading to a noticeable slower kinetic response in the biomass.
Abnormalities in Stamen and Ovary Development Responsible for Low Seed Set of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees et Arn. ex Munro
Authors: Yang Dejia , Li Juan , Wang Shuguang , Yu Lixia , Zhan Hui , Ma Yingchun
Published: November 2023

Bamboo propagation and seed collection are severely limited by a protracted and unpredictable flowering cycle. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees et Arn. ex Munro was renowned for its delectable, bitter-free bamboo shoots, making it an exceptional choice for culinary purposes, which has significant economic value in China. To date, no fruit has been collected, and there are currently no comprehensive studies available on the floral morphology and embryology of D. hamiltonii. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of floral organs were described, and the developmental process of male and female gametophytes was elucidated, through anatomical observation. It was found that the floret of D. hamiltonii was composed of one lemma, palea, pistil, and six stamens, but lacked lodicules. The single ovule, possessing a parietal placenta, was anatropous and featured a double integument. The floral organs showed normal in external morphology, whereas male and female gametophyte development was abnormal, such as pollen grain shrinkage, hollow anther chambers, and underdeveloped ovules, which might be the important factors of its low seed setting rate. This study provided important information on the developmental stages of D. hamiltonii flowers and offered a theoretical basis for understanding the low seed setting rate of bamboo.
Phenotypic Diversity of Litsea cubeba in Jiangxi China and the Identification of Germplasms with Desirable Characteristics
Authors: Wang Xuefang , Ning Xiaodan , Liao Guoxiang , Fan Guorong , Shi Xiaodeng , Fu Dan , Wang Zongde , Chen Shangxing , Wang Jiawei
Published: November 2023

Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. is an important economic tree. We aimed to explore the phenotypic diversity of wild L. cubeba provenances from Jiangxi province and identify the germplasms with desirable characteristics. Nest variance analysis, multiple comparisons, correlation analysis, path analysis, redundancy analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted to compare the phenotypes of 526 wild L. cubeba trees from 27 provenances. We detected significant differences in the growth traits, fruit traits, and essential oil (EO) content of L. cubeba provenances, as well as significant differences in tree height, thousand seed dry weight, and the proportion of five essential oil components (citral, neral, geranial, D-limonene, and citronellal) within the provenances. The fresh fruit yield (FFY) was mainly determined by the ground diameter and the annual average minimum temperature. The EO content was mainly affected by the water content, annual average temperature, longitude, and latitude. The proportion of citral (CitrP) was negatively affected by extreme low temperatures. Four individual L. cubeba trees had a high FFY of over 10.00 kg·tree−1. Two trees had a high EO content exceeding 5%, with their CitrP over 80%. The provenances with high FFY were Guixi and Yushan (2.65 kg·tree−1; 2.89 kg·tree−1). The provenances with a high EO content of about 4.00% were Dayu, Yudu, Ji’an, Xinfeng, and Yushan. The provenance with the highest CitrP level (80.61%) was Ningdu.
The Ginkgo biloba L. in China: Current Distribution and Possible Future Habitat
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Jinbing , Tian Li , Huang Yaohui , Shao Changliang
Published: November 2023

With the increase in global temperature, the global change situation dominated by climate warming is becoming more and more serious. Climate change will cause differences in the suitable areas of species in different periods. Ginkgo biloba L., a rare and endangered wild plant protected at the national level in China, is the oldest relict plant in the world. Because of severe climate change, only China’s wild Ginkgo biloba has been preserved, yet China’s wild Ginkgo biloba population is facing extinction risk. Ginkgo biloba has rich ornamental value, application value, economic value, medicinal value and ecological value. Not only can it produce economic and ecological benefits, but it can also produce huge social benefits. Based on the data of Ginkgo biloba sample distribution, bioclimatic variables and soil variables, this paper uses the MaxEnt model to simulate Ginkgo biloba suitable area under current and future different climate scenarios, and analyzes the changes in the potential suitable area of Ginkgo biloba in the future through ArcGIS 10.6. The results are as follows: (1) the results simulated by the MaxEnt model are AUC > 0.9, showing that the simulation results have a high accuracy; (2) the min temperature of the coldest month, precipitation of the wettest month, elevation, and temperature seasonality are the main environmental variables affecting the change in the Ginkgo biloba suitable area; (3) under future climate scenarios, the suitable area of Ginkgo biloba is predicted to expand in the future, covering most of the south and some northeast regions, and moderate temperature and precipitation changes under climate change are conducive for the growth of Ginkgo biloba; and (4) in the future, the distribution center of the suitable area will move to the northeast. According to the conclusions in this paper, it is expected to provide theoretical reference for cultivation and management, sustainable utilization and solution of ecological environment problems of Ginkgo biloba.
Early Spring Broadleaved Weed Control during Seedling Dormancy in Regenerated Pedunculate Oak Forests
Authors: Vasic Verica , Djilas Milutin , Kovacevic Branislav , Vasic Sreten , Poljaković-Pajnik Leopold , Pap Predrag , Orlovic Sasa
Published: November 2023

In regenerated oak forests, weeds are present throughout the year, with the ones appearing in early spring representing a major problem. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine herbicides for early spring broadleaved weed control in regenerated oak forests while the seedlings are in a dormant stage. During 2019 and 2020, two experiments were set up in regenerated pedunculate oak forests with 2- and 3-year-old seedlings, and two herbicides were applied in two doses: fluroxypyr at doses of 360 g a.i. ha−1 and 540 g a.i. ha−1 and clopyralid at doses of 100 g a.i. ha−1 and 120 g a.i. ha−1. Fluroxypyr and clopyralid significantly reduced early spring broadleaved weeds in the regenerated pedunculate oak forests, but both doses of fluroxypyr provided greater control of the presented weeds than the applied doses of clopyralid. Manual weeding reduced broadleaved weeds in the experiments, but that method did not have a long-term effect on the reduction in weeds. The applied doses of the herbicides fluroxypyr and clopyralid did not cause phytotoxicity symptoms in the dormant oak seedlings. All investigated treatments significantly reduced fresh broadleaved weed biomass compared to the control. Fluroxypyr and clopyralid can be successfully used for the control of many early spring broadleaved weeds in regenerated pedunculate oak forests, but 2- and 3-year-old oak seedlings must be in the dormant stage.
Impact of Three Chainsaw Lubricants on Forest Soil Bacterial Community, Soil Respiration and Seedling Growth
Authors: Kim Ikhyun , Shin Keumchul , Kim Jeongjae , Ha Eugene , Choi Byoungkoo
Published: November 2023

Lubricants are applied onto chainsaw blades to achieve their optimum cutting performance; however, during logging or timber operations, lubricants may penetrate the forest soil. The persistent organic pollutants in lubricants may cause environmental damage, and different types of lubricants vary in terms of their environmental impact. Hence, selecting appropriate lubricants for timber operations is important for sustainable forest management. In this study, the effects of three lubricant types—biodegradable oil (bio-oil), petroleum-based bar-and-chain oil (mineral oil), and petroleum-based recycled oil (recycled oil)—on soil health were evaluated. The study was conducted in a controlled nursery setting, simulating post-logging reforestation. Sixteen types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the soil samples were analyzed. Bio-oil facilitated faster recovery from soil contamination, whereas mineral oil exhibited slow and incomplete recovery. Recycled lubricants appear to be more environmentally sustainable options, indicating lower long-term soil contamination risks than petroleum-based lubricants. From a productivity perspective, the lubricant that supported the growth of seedlings was bio-oil. The findings of our study contribute to responsible lubricant selection for enhancing the overall health and sustainability of forest ecosystems.
Genetic Diversity in Peripheral Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.) Provenances—Potential Climate Change Mitigators in the Center of Distribution despite Challenges in Natural Populations
Authors: Popović Maja , Katičić Bogdan Ida , Varga Filip , Šatović Zlatko , Bogdan Saša , Ivanković Mladen
Published: November 2023

Croatian pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) populations represent southern range peripheral populations, often viewed as sources of valuable diversity and drought-resistant ecotypes. At the same time, they endure stronger selection pressures as a result of climate change. The leaves of 20 individuals per population (17) were sampled in a field trial and analyzed using 10 nuclear and 9 chloroplast SSRs to determine the level of intrapopulation genetic variability and genetic differentiation. Analysis with nSSRs revealed deviation from HWE in seven populations. AMOVA showed a high intra-population diversity (98.53%) and a small but statistically significant inter-population differentiation. Isolation by distance explained 19.6% of differentiation. Average FST between populations was low (0.013) compared with usual values for peripheral populations. Populations were rich in cpSSR haplotypes, confirming the hotspot of diversity caused by the encounter of recolonization routes. Unbiased haplotype diversity (HE) from 9 chloroplast SSRs and 325 individuals was (HE = 0.440). Sixty-six different haplotypes were grouped in three maternal lineages by both a median-joining network and a neighbor-joining algorithm. AMOVA for cpSSRs showed statistically significant diversity among populations (70.23%), suggesting genetic differentiation, but also a probable anthropogenic effect. AMOVA of nSSRs within and between lineages showed that original recolonization patterns of nuclear diversity were subsequently erased by gene flow.
Improving Shelf Life and Content of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Meat of Lambs Fed a Diet Supplemented with Grape Dregs
Authors: Yao Yali , Wang Hongbo , Lu Zhenzhen , Nian Fang , Zheng Chen , Li Fadi , Tang Defu
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of dietary grape residue levels on the slaughter indicators, meat quality, meat shelf-life, unsaturated fatty acid content, and expression of fatty acid deposition genes in the muscle of lambs. Sixty 30-month-old male Dorper and Small-Tailed Han F1 hybrid lambs were assigned to a single factor complete randomized trial design and fed with four different diets including 0%, 8%, 16%, and 24% grape dregs, respectively. The findings regarding meat production efficacy in the lambs revealed substantial differences. The control group showed notably lower dressing percentage, carcass weight, net meat weight, meat percentage concerning carcass, meat-to-bone ratio, relative visceral and kidney fat mass, and rib eye area compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the meat shearing force of lambs fed a diet with 16% grape pomace (GP) was significantly higher than that of the 24% GP group (p < 0.05), while the 24 h meat color parameter a* value of the control group was notably higher than that of the 8% GP group (p < 0.05). In addition, compared to the control group, lambs fed with a diet containing 16% GP had higher levels of oleic acid (C18:1n-9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6c), behenic acid (C22:0), tricosanoic acid (C23:0), lignoceric acid (C24:0), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), at a ratio of ∑CLA/TFA, ∑n-6, ∑MUFA, and ∑PUFA in the longissimus dorsi muscle (p < 0.05), but the reverse case was applicable for Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N) content (p < 0.05). GP supplementation did not substantially affect the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) genes (p > 0.05). The findings indicated that incorporating grape dregs in the diets of fattening lambs leads to notable enhancements in meat production and the antioxidant capacity of lamb meat, and effectively extends the shelf life of the meat.
Insights into the Mechanisms of Reuterin against Staphylococcus aureus Based on Membrane Damage and Untargeted Metabolomics
Authors: Sun Mao-Cheng , Li Dian-Dian , Chen Yu-Xin , Fan Xiu-Juan , Gao Yu , Ye Haiqing , Zhang Tiehua , Zhao Changhui
Published: November 2023

Reuterin is a dynamic small-molecule complex produced through glycerol fermentation by Limosilactobacillus reuteri and has potential as a food biopreservative. Despite its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, the underlying mechanism of action of reuterin is still elusive. The present paper aimed to explore the antibacterial mechanism of reuterin and its effects on membrane damage and the intracellular metabolome of S. aureus. Our results showed that reuterin has a minimum inhibitory concentration of 18.25 mM against S. aureus, based on the 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde level. Key indicators such as extracellular electrical conductivity, membrane potential and permeability were significantly increased, while intracellular pH, ATP and DNA were markedly decreased, implying that reuterin causes a disruption to the structure of the cell membrane. The morphological damage to the cells was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Subsequent metabolomic analysis identified significant alterations in metabolites primarily involved in lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate metabolism and phosphotransferase system, which is crucial for cell membrane regulation and energy supply. Consequently, these findings indicated that the antibacterial mechanism of reuterin initially targets lipid and amino acid metabolism, leading to cell membrane damage, which subsequently results in energy metabolism disorder and, ultimately, cell death. This paper offers innovative perspectives on the antibacterial mechanism of reuterin, contributing to its potential application as a food preservative.
Assessing the Foodshed and Food Self-Sufficiency of the Pearl River Delta Megacity Region in China
Authors: Wang Yankai , Shi Haochen , Zhang Yuyang , Li Xinjian , Zhao Miaoxi , Sun Binbin
Published: November 2023

Food self-sufficiency has long been regarded as essential for understanding and managing urban and regional food systems; however, few studies have examined the food self-sufficiency of megacity regions within a comprehensive framework that distinguishes different types of agricultural land (i.e., arable land, horticultural landscapes, and waters). To fill these gaps, we took the Pearl River Delta as a case study and quantified the foodsheds of different types of agricultural land by calculating the land footprint of food consumption. On this basis, food self-sufficiency is defined as the ratio of available and required agricultural area for regional food demand. The results indicated that the self-sufficiency level provided by the arable land in the Pearl River Delta is low and cannot realize self-sufficiency at the regional and urban levels. The horticultural landscapes can provide self-sufficiency at the regional level, whereas the regions with water cannot, as their foodsheds extend over the boundary of the Pearl River Delta. For arable land, establishing a localized regional food system requires expanding the foodshed size. These findings provide evidence that megacity regions may face increasing difficulties in achieving self-sufficiency in the near future. This research can improve policymakers’ understanding of the sustainability and resilience of regional food systems in megacity regions.
Untargeted Lipidomics Reveal Quality Changes in High-Moisture Japonica Brown Rice at Different Storage Temperatures
Authors: Qu Lingyu , Zhao Yan , Xu Xiangdong , Li Yanfei , Lv Haoxin
Published: November 2023

Low temperatures are an effective way of delaying grain rancidity and deterioration. However, little is known about the difference in quality changes in high-moisture japonica brown rice at different storage temperatures. In this study, the storage quality changes in japonica brown rice with a 15.50% moisture content stored at 15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C were investigated. In addition, an untargeted lipidomics analysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to analyze the volatile compounds and metabolite changes in the high-moisture japonica brown rice. The results showed that storage at 15 °C could well maintain the color and aroma stability of the brown rice and delay the increase in fatty acid value (FAV). The lipidomics results showed that storage at 15 °C delayed glycerolipid and sphingolipid metabolism and reduced glycerophospholipid catabolism in the brown rice. The low-temperature environment regulated these three metabolic pathways to maintain higher contents of triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylserine (PS), abd phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and lower contents of diglycerides (DG), OAcyl-(gamma-hydroxy) FA (OAHFA), ceramides (Cer), and glycosylceramides (Hex1Cer) in the high-moisture japonica brown rice, which maintained the storage stability of the brown rice. Our results proposed the cryoprotection mechanism of postharvest brown rice from the perspective of volatile compounds and metabolite changes, providing a foothold for the further exploration of low-temperature storage as a safe and efficient cryoprotectant in the grain storage field.