bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Technology and the US MIC
Authors: Dunne J. Paul , Sköns Elisabeth
Published: October 2021

This article considers what could be a fundamental development in the defence industrial base (DIB) in the US, namely the increased involvement of commercial technology companies in military-related business. After an outline of the dynamics and longer-term post-Cold War developments in the international arms industry, it investigates recent changes in the Pentagon's attitudes and policies to gain access to new technologies from the commercial and academic sectors. It also considers the military, technological and political drivers that have led to these technologies being sought from commercial companies for military use. It then considers the recent engagement of the major commercial technology companies in activities for the military sector and what is driving them to take up military contracts. Finally, it considers what these developments imply for the dynamics of the arms industry and the relationships within the DIB and the military industrial complex (MIC).
FINTECH SYARIAH ALTERNATIF PENDANAAN UMKM PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rasidi Yuddy Slamet , Budi Catur Setio , Hatmoko Prasetyo Arie
Published: October 2021

Paper ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan alternatif pendanaan menggunakan Financial Technology (Fintech) syariah untuk penggiat UMKM yang terkena dampak dari Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif dimana pendekatan ini menjelaskan penelitian pada suatu subjek. Sumber data merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan berupa jurnal, artikel berita, dan buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Data-data yang telah terkumpul akan diklasifikasikan, lalu diverifikasi apakah sesuai dengan penelitian dan selanjutnya dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa selama masa Pandemi Covid-19 omset UMKM mengalami penurunan dan banyak UMKM yang tidak memiliki cadangan modal usaha. Fintech syariah bisa menjadi solusi permodalan masyarakat khususnya UMKM dan Fintech dapat membantu pengefektifan bantuan pembiayaan pemerintah dan sebagai parameter yang  menunjukkan peningkatan literasi keuangan masyarakat, khususnya UMKM dalam mengakses pembiayaan serta transaksi keuangan.
PENGARUH INFLASI DAN BI 7 DAY REPO RATE TERHADAP NILAI AKTIVA BERSIH (NAB) REKSADANA SYARIAH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2016-2020
Authors: Murtadho Taufiq Ridwan , Ponirah Ade , Nurdiani Wilashopa
Published: October 2021

Nilai Aktiva Bersih (NAB) menjadi sorotan utama para investor karena menggambrkan total kekayaan bersih reksadana setiap harinya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Inflasi dan BI 7 Day Repo Rate terhadap Nilai Aktiva Bersih (NAB) Reksadana Syariah. Inflasi menunjukan kenaikan harga suatu komoditas secara keseluruhan dan berlangsung cukup lama atau berkelanjutan. Sedangkan BI 7 Day Repo Rate merupakan tingkat suku bunga dalam kebijakan moneter ditetapkan oleh bank Indonesia dan disampaikan pada publik. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan pendekatan kuantitatif, untuk mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian yang datanya disajikan dalam bentuk angka dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan didukung dengan studi kepustakaan serta dokumentasi, yang diolah secara statistik dan kuantitatif. Pada penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa secara parsial inflasi berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Aktiva Bersih dengan kontribusi pengaruh 61.1 persen, sedangkan BI 7 Day Repo Rate tidak berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Aktiva Bersih, dan secara simulta inflasi dan BI 7 Day Repo Rate berpengaruh terhadap nilai aktiva bersih sebesar 63.1 persen.
PENGARUH EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PROGRAM (ESOP) DAN FIXED ASSET INTENSITY (FAI) TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Nurlela Eel , Nurhasanah Erna , Zahra Fadilah Fatimah
Published: October 2021

Artkel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak Employee Stock Ownership Program (ESOP) dan Fixed Asset Intensity (FAI) terhadap kinerja keuangan PT. Delta Dunia Makmur, Tbk. ESOP merupakan program yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan untuk melibatkan karyawan dalam kepemilikan saham perusahaan. Sedangkan FAI proporsi aset perusahaan terdiri dari aset tetap yang dimilikinya. Artikel ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-verifikatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif, cara menganalisis data dengan asumsi klasik, statistik deskriptif, dan analisis kuantitatif. Data dalam artikel ini merupakan data sekunder yang diambil dari laporan keuangan PT. Delta Dunia Makmur, Tbk. serta didukung oleh penelitian literatur dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial ESOP memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan. Namun untuk FAI tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan. Secara simultan ESOP dan FAI tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan dengan kontribusi sebesar 46,6 persen artinya 53,4 persen kinerja keuangan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
EVALUASI FAKTOR–FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KEUANGAN (STUDI KASUS LIPPO KARAWACI TBK)
Authors: Asbaruna Latifah Wulandari Binti , Gorib Ridwan Ismail , Sobana Dadang Husen
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan di PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus, pengumpulan data, mempelajari literatur, media cetak dan internet untuk diolah, dianalisis dan diambil kesimpulan, dalam rangka memperoleh gambaran secara sistematis akan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Kinerja keuangan perusahaan Lippo Karawaci Tbk hampir keseluruhan mengalami kondisi kurang baik. Tingkat current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on equity dan Perputaran modal kerja pada perusahaan Lippo Karawaci cenderung tidak stabil. Penurunan current ratio disebabkan oleh peningkatan utang lancar lebih besar dibandingkan dengan peningkatan aktiva lancar. Untuk DER pada tahun 2019 kondisi struktur modal pada perusahaan baik hal ini ditunjukkan oleh DER sebesar 60% karena rasio rata – rata debt to equity sebesar 80%. Untuk penurunan return on equity  disebabkan oleh besarnya modal sendiri tanpa disertai kenaikan laba bersih yang tinggi. Begitu juga dengan rasio perputaran modal kerja, untuk dapat lebih meningkatkan tingkat perputaran modal kerja, pihak perusahaan harus dapat lebih meningkatkan tingkat pendapatannya.
Prohibitions As Means of “Smart Regulation” of Compensation for Harm to the Environment
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Sharno Oksana
Published: October 2021

Introduction: an important vector of development of modern society is the formation of an ecological and economic paradigm, in whose context the legal regulation of public relations is carried out with the emphasis on the environmental component. The problems of compensation for environmental damage, without losing their independent relevance, become the leitmotif of the modernization of the legal implementation processes. Given that the specifics of compensation for environmental damage are multi-faceted, reflecting cross-industry trends, this area requires the development of “smart regulation”, whose effective means are legal prohibitions. Purpose: to conduct a theoretical and legal study of prohibitions as means of “smart regulation” of compensation for environmental damage. Methods: the research is carried out using a set of methods of scientific cognition, namely, analysis (the analysis of concepts, identification of their features, traits) and synthesis (the generalization of debatable conclusions, contrasted definitions), the method of analogies, with the help of which the characteristics of the studied theses, definitions were projected on legal relations. The preparation of the paper required the use of special legal research methods, such as formal-legal and comparative law. Results: the study focuses on the analysis of the concepts of “environmental harm”, “environmental communications”, “environmental information”, “mechanism of legal regulation”, “smart regulation”, “prohibitions”, presents their author’s interpretations, reflects that prohibitions as instructions to refrain from certain negative actions under the threat of liability in the matters of compensation for environmental damage are effective means of the legal regulation that ensures the satisfaction of the interests of society and nature. Prohibitions, as criteria for distinguishing between the legality and illegality of behavior in the interests of environmental protection, as means of the legal regulation, form the basis for bringing to justice those who violate them. The paper presents the ways of applying and modernizing prohibitions for “smart regulation” of compensation for environmental damage. Conclusions: prohibitions as means of “smart regulation” serve to ensure transparency and efficiency of compensation for the environmental damage, provide innovative communications of decision-makers and citizens in the implementation of their rights to a favorable environment, to compensation for damage caused to the environment in full, provide suspension, restriction, termination of the activities that cause harm from the creation of a regulatory act to its implementation. The analysis of legal prohibitions demonstrates that in the matters of compensation for environmental harm, the problem of legal prohibitions is effective.
“You can go out 14 miles away with the knowledge that you’ve got the battery to help you back if you need it!” Narratives of ranging behaviour and wellbeing in diaries of e-bike trial participants.
Authors: Jones Tim , Spencer Ben , Beale Nick , Leyland Louise-Ann , van Reekum Carien M.
Published: October 2021

This paper draws on data from a large UK study that aimed to understand cycling among the older population and how this affected independence, health, and wellbeing. Part of the study involved an ‘e-bike trial’ where participants aged 50 and over, who were returning to cycling after a hiatus, were loaned an e-bike for an eight-week trial period. Pre-trial and post-trial cognitive tests of trial participants, reported previously (Leyland et al., 2019), demonstrated how e-bikes provide positive benefits to cognitive function and wellbeing. The paper builds on these findings, drawing specifically on the qualitative component, predominantly biographical interviews, written material, and visual material provided in rider diaries and a focus group discussion, to understand the reasons for this positive impact.The findings demonstrate how power assistance can provide riders with the opportunity to extend the distance and types of area they are willing to cycle from their homes (their ‘ranging behaviour’) and how this can promote health and wellbeing. Our evidence suggests that e-bikes have the potential to support cycling for leisure as well as everyday travel and that consideration should be given to the positive effects of e-cycling on mental wellbeing in addition to physical activity. This is pertinent in the context of an ageing society, the push towards zero-emission cities, and the need to ensure socially inclusive mobility, particularly in the context of the Covid-19 global pandemic.
Using MapMCDA Tool for the Spatial Epidemiology of Animal Rabies in Morocco: How to Improve the Rationality of a Qualitative Risk Assessment
Authors:   National Office of Food Safety (ONSSA), Rabat-Instituts P. O. Box 6472, Rabat, Morocco, Khayli Mounir , Kechna Mehdi ,   Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medecine, School of Geomatics and Surveying Engineering, P. O. Box 6202, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco, Zro Khalil ,   Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Development of Production Sectors, Dbagh Station, Av. Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco, Kichou Faouzi ,   Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medecine, Pathology and Veterinary Public Health Department, P.O. Box 6202, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco, Berradae Jaouad ,   Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medecine, Microbiology Immunology and Contagious Diseases Unit, P. O. Box 6202, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco, Bouslikhane Mohammed ,   Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medecine, Microbiology Immunology and Contagious Diseases Unit, P. O. Box 6202, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
Published: October 2021

Objective The objective behind this article is to better characterize spatial distribution of animal rabies in Morocco through qualitative risk assessment framework. In Morocco, the occurrence of the disease is neither clearly distributed nor complete. Therefore, risk assessment methods become strongly recommended to cope with distorted geographic patterns. Methods Based on data collection set from 168 counties, qualitative changes on spatial epidemiology of rabies were analysed by mapMCDA tool covering a period from 2004 to 2017 and including information on determinants of the geographic distribution of animal rabies in Morocco defined in previous work. Results To validate the risk assessment model, the results were compared to rabies cases reported during the study period. The clustering of the rabies risk estimates is decisive and highly reliable. A significant alignment was shown between the very high and high-risk estimates. Conclusion This study is the first attempt that has been made for using MapMCDA for rabies. For a normative process aiming to avoid subjectivity related to expert-opinions, authors suggest conducting initially a statistical multiple component analysis that will provide quantified estimates of risk factors. It would be an advisable decision-making tool that helps to design oriented surveillance and allows better referral of actions to control the disease.
Treasures of Knowledge: An Inventory of the Ottoman Palace Library (1502/03-1503/04), Vol. I, Essays, Vol. II, Transliteration and Facsimile „Register of Books” (Kitāb al-kutub, MTA Könyvtára, Keleti Gyűjtemény, MS Török F. 59), ed. by Gülru Necipoğlu, Cemal Kafadar, Corell H. Fleischer, Leiden-Boston, Brill, 2019 (Studies and Sources in Islamic Art and Architecture, Supplements to Muqarnas, XIV/I-II.), 1080, 242. 368 p.
Authors: Monok István
Published: October 2021

Bizonyára több diszciplína tudja elmondani ennek a könyvnek a megjelenése kapcsán, hogy „történelmi pillanat”. A török művelődéstörténet, különféle keleti nyelvi filológiák, és persze a könyv- és könyvtártörténész közösség is. A közel 1700 oldalas ’opus magnum’ ismertetése tehát sokrétű feladat, jelen sorok írója is csak könyvtáros művelődéstörténészként ünnepli a kiadást. Ezen kívül, mint a most kiadott kézirat eredetijét őrző könyvtár vezetője is elégedett lehetek, hiszen a közgyűjtemények számára a legfontosabb, hogy az általuk megőrzött dokumentumok minél többször, minél több szakember által elemezve kerüljenek napvilágra, értékelve és felértékelve gyűjteményük egyes darabjait.
Amplification of DNA v1
Authors: Ikagawa Yuichiroh
Published: October 2021

Our project aims to quantify human fatigue through the quantification of the biomarker human herpesvirus6 using Cas12a, a protein that is fundamental and essential to our project. We ordered the synthesis of composite parts with affinity tags attached to Cas12a, but the sequence was too long to be synthesized as a single of dsDNA. To overcome this problem, we split the parts into three fragments and synthesized them. Here, an adaptor sequence was added to the 5' end by PCR to allow for later assembly.
S. elongatus stock revival v1
Authors: not provided Akashdutta
Published: October 2021

Stocks are more permanent methods of storing bacteria than plates. These stocks can be recovered by pouring them into small volumes of BG-11 and growing under low light levels. As the culture grows, it can be passaged into higher volumes and appropriate antibiotics can be added.
“A Real Man Cries”: A Scoping of Filipino Masculinities Construction in Tweets
Authors: Bañez John Erwin
Published: October 2021

Online content can be a rich source of information on current constructions of masculinities and much can be explored on the digital’s role in masculinities construction (Light, 2013). This study compares and contrasts our current literature on masculinities with empirical qualitative data – that is, Filipino tweets. To do this, I analyzed tweets containing the phrase “ang tunay na lalake” (the real man) and the hashtag “#angtunaynalalake”. Using qualitative content analysis, the following themes were generated: 1) Romance and Masculinities which highlights heteronormativity of romantic context and the concept of “more deserving real man” – a construct produced through networked masculinity and within the context of fandom and bigotry; 2) Masculine Capital – highlights how rites of passage, specifically circumcision, can be overshadowed by masculine capital to the point that failing to meet the required masculine capital would render one as ‘de-circumcised’; and lastly, 3) Online Resistance to Hegemonic Masculinity – shows the use of jokes, sarcasm, and confrontation in questioning hegemonic masculinity. The results show both concern and hope for gender advocacy.
Impact of Digitalization on the Assessment of Liquidity and Solvency of an Enterprise
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Albrant D.V.
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the issues of improving the assessment of liquidity and solvency indicators. Liquidity and solvency are one of the main signs of the stability of the financial condition of the enterprise. The relevance of the scientific discussion is confirmed by a review of modern publications in which domestic and foreign authors express their opinions on the interpretation, calculation and application of these indicators. This study analyzes the application of liquidity and solvency indicators in the new conditions of the digitalization of the economy. The author puts forward a hypothesis: under the influence of digitalization, the assessment of these indicators may be distorted, and, as a result, external users may receive incorrect information. As a specific example, the annual and quarterly data of the enterprise of PJSC «Aeroflot» for 2017–2020 are considered. As a result of the analysis, the assumptions about the distortion of conclusions based on traditionally calculated indicators are confirmed. The author proposes an improved method for assessing liquidity and solvency indicators in the context of digitalization.
Smartwatch Innovation Landscape
Authors:   ITMO University, Prokudina A.I. , Kirillov N.N. ,   ITMO University, Nikolaev A.S. ,   ITMO University
Published: October 2021

The authors analyzed the smartwatch market and identified the prospects for its further innovative development. The purpose of the study was to build an innovative landscape of the smart watch market to determine the investment attractiveness of this industry.The relevance of the research topic is due to the growing number of buyers of devices that combine the functionality of a cell phone in a relatively small size and convenient form of operation. In this regard, the success of smart watches is justified by a combination of these factors. The process of improving the func-tionality launched by large manufacturing companies will continue in the current perspective, and the projected pace of technological updates will only grow.To understand the prospects for the development of the smartwatch market, this study used methods for analyzing patent and non-patent. Information and reviewed the latest patented technologies from two leading manufacturers: Samsung and Apple. The authors also analyzed user queries in the Google search engine using Google Trends Analytics. After analyzing patent and non-patent sources of information, conclusions were drawn, and recommendations were made for the development of the smartwatch market. The technological landscape was chosen as the final form of presentation of the research results.
Media Control and Citizen-Critical Publics in Russia: Are Some “Pigs” More Equal Than Others?
Authors: Gabdulhakov Rashid
Published: October 2021

Amid the intensification of state control over the digital domain in Russia, what types of online activism are tolerated or even endorsed by the government and why? While entities such as the Anti-Corruption Foundation exposing the state are silenced through various tactics such as content blocking and removal, labelling the foundation a “foreign agent,” and deeming it “extremist,” other formations of citizens using digital media to expose “offences” performed by fellow citizens are operating freely. This article focuses on a vigilante group targeting “unscrupulous” merchants (often ethnic minorities and labour migrants) for the alleged sale of expired produce—the Hrushi Protiv. Supported by the government, Hrushi Protiv participants survey grocery chain stores and open-air markets for expired produce, a practice that often escalates into violence, while the process is filmed and edited to be uploaded to YouTube. These videos constitute unique media products that entertain the audience, ensuring the longevity of punitive measures via public exposure and shaming. Relying on Litvinenko and Toepfl’s (2019) application of Toepfl’s (2020) “leadership-critical,” “policy-critical,” and “uncritical” publics theory in the context of Russia, this article proposes a new category to describe state-approved digital vigilantes—citizen-critical publics. A collaboration with such publics allows the state to demonstrate a façade of civil society activism amid its silencing; while state-approved participants gain financial rewards and fame. Through Foucauldian discourse analysis, the article reveals that vulnerable groups such as labour migrants and ethnic minorities could fall victim to the side effects of this collaboration.
Understanding Media Control in the Digital Age
Authors: Dovbysh Olga , Somfalvy Esther
Published: October 2021

Media control comprises multifaceted and amorphous phenomena, combining a variety of forms, tools, and practices. Today media control takes place in a sphere where national politics meet global technology, resulting in practices that bear features of both the (global) platforms and the affordances of national politics. At the intersection of these fields, we try to understand current practices of media control and the ways in which it may be resisted. This thematic issue is an endeavour to bring together conceptual, methodological, and empirical contributions to revise the scholarly discussion on media control. First, authors of this thematic issue re-assemble the notion of media control itself, as not being holistic and discrete (control vs freedom) but by considering it from a more critical perspective as having various modes and regimes. Second, this thematic issue brings a “micro” perspective into understanding and theorising media control. In comparison to structural and institutional perspectives on control, this perspective focuses on the agency of various actors (objects and subjects of media pressure) and their practices, motivations, and the resources with which they exert or resist control. Featuring cases from a broad range of countries with political systems ranging from democracy to electoral authoritarian regime, this issue also draws attention to the question of how media control relates to regime type.
Implementation and Performance Analysis of Remote Inclination Monitoring System
Authors: GURKAN Koray , AKPINAR Burak , DİNDAR Ahmet Anıl
Published: October 2021

This paper presents design, implementation, and test stages of internet based inclinometer system. MEMS based two-axis inclinometer sensor, isolated data acquisition board, Raspberry Pi based microcomputer, and remote FTP server are the main parts of the system. Verification, noise characterization with Allan deviation, and temperature dependency measurements are conducted. Compensation and signal processing algorithms are performed in Google Colab. Long-term test on a high-rise building have revealed that the inclinometer system is suitable for structural health monitoring applications.
Molecular genetic approaches in the diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Khodyrev Dmitriy A. , Nikitin Alexey S. , Kulagina Natalia S. , Averyanov Alexander V.
Published: October 2021

It is an acute problem for the 21st century to find effective and inexpensive methods for early detection of lung cancer. Patients, suspected of having a malignant disease of lungs, generally undergo clinical studies such as CT scans of the chest and bronchoscopy. The latter is mainly used to confirm the diagnosis. However, even when the signs, symptoms and radiological findings indicate that clinical diagnosis of malignant lung disease is evident, additional invasive procedures for obtaining the biological material suitable for the final confirmation of the presence of malignant cells are required. Currently, there is a clear understanding of the need to find biomarkers able to detect pre-clinical stage of cancer cells using minimally invasive procedures.
Benjadjwýr Nirex: categorias de liderança das Nirex Mebengokré
Authors: Oliveira Maria Alice
Published: October 2021

O artigo apresenta as categorias de lideranças ocupadas pelas mulheres Mebengokré/Kayapó em seus processos de atuação política dentro e fora das aldeias. As características de cada perfil, os elementos que perpassam a performance política destas mulheres, além de um esboço comparativo com relação aos homens e os desafios dessas lideranças em atuação são questões centrais que contribuem para a compreensão de como estas mulheres se constituem como representantes políticas e, para além, acionam agências - sempre políticas - para garantirem espaço nos processos políticos tanto em suas aldeias como na relação com o Estado e a sociedade nacional.Palavras-chave: mulheres indígenas; lideranças; Mebengokré/Kayapó.
Walden Três: Uma sociedade sem o uso de controle aversivo?
Authors: Martins Tatiana Evandro Monteiro , Monteiro Nayany Carmem Pinheiro , Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes De
Published: October 2021

B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) publica em 1948 a obra Walden Two, na qual descreve uma comunidade fictícia desenvolvida a partir de princípios analítico-comportamentais supostamente sem o uso de controle aversivo. Martins et al. (2017) analisaram a referida obra e identificaram pelo menos três momentos em que há o uso de controle aversivo. Em 1979, Rubén Ardila, ao publicar Walden Tres deu continuidade e ampliou o uso dos princípios comportamentais de uma pequena comunidade para um país inteiro, em um contexto sociocultural latino-americano. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise sistemática da obra Walden Tres (Ardila, 1979), a partir da sua leitura na íntegra em idioma original, investigou-se se a sociedade proposta por Ardila foi planejada com ou sem o uso de contingências aversivas. Em três momentos foi possível identificar contingências de controle aversivo em vigor: (1) na educação: desde o ambiente familiar até a inserção na sociedade; (2) sistema escolar; e (3) controle da ordem social. Discutem-se os contextos nos quais foi detectada a aplicação e/ou prescrição de controle aversivo em Walden Tres, traçando-se ao mesmo tempo paralelos com uso de controle aversivo em Walden Two e sua utilização na sociedade atual.Palavras-chave: Walden Três, controle aversivo, Ardila, planejamento cultural, Análise do Comportamento.
Notas Sobre o Uso do Controle Aversivo e o Conceito de Punição no Behaviorismo de John B. Watson
Authors: Strapasson Bruno Angelo , Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes De
Published: October 2021

John B. Watson é conhecido principalmente por ter formalizado uma proposta geral e alternativa de psicologia: o behaviorismo. Suas contribuições específicas (empíricas, teóricas, metodológicas, conceituais) para uma ciência do comportamento raramente são mencionadas. Uma dessas contribuições diz respeito ao conceito de punição e sua inserção no debate sobre o uso ou não do controle aversivo. O presente ensaio apresenta o tratamento dado por Watson ao tema da punição. Argumenta-se que os estudos empíricos realizados ou analisados pelo autor, suas interpretações a respeito do uso da punição como estratégica de intervenção comportamental (uso científico vs. tradição cultural; ausência de parâmetros adequados; etc.) e de seus subprodutos (respostas emocionais, pareamento do punidor com a punição, supressão do responder; etc.), bem como o papel da punição no estabelecimento de comportamentos encobertos, antecipam, em alguma medida, muitas das discussões atuais sobre o uso da punição. Considerações sobre influência intelectual e sobre a importância da história são apresentadas.Palavras-chave: John B. Watson, Behaviorismo Clássico, punição, controle aversivo.
Tropical fruits and by-products as a potential source of bioactive polysaccharides
Authors: López-Martínez Leticia Xochitl , Enríquez-Valencia Salma Alejandra , González Aguilar Gustavo
Published: October 2021

Consumption of tropical fruits is growing around the world, not only due to their flavor and appearance but also for their nutritional value. In addition to the content in macro and micronutrients, tropical fruits contain substantial amounts of bioactive compounds in peels, and seeds which constitute an underexploited source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acid, polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamin C and polysaccharides. Polysaccharides have attracted growing interest, particularly for their bioactive characteristics such as antioxidants as well as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, obtaining functional ingredients from tropical fruits and by-products is feasible and could be used to develop functional and nutraceutical foods to elaborate products of the pharmaceutical industry and food preservation. The present review provides the most relevant information published during the last ten years (2010-2020) on bioactive polysaccharides extracted with hot water reported in tropical fruits and by-products and their relationship with potential beneficial health effects.
Assessment of Morphological and Molecular Genetic Diversity in Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]
Authors: Naing Tuntun , Verma S.K. , Yadav Harikant , Chauhan Charupriya , Gautam Ashish , Karn Anandi , Gaur A.K.
Published: October 2021

Background: The estimation of genetic diversity in pigeonpea is crucial for desiging breeding programmes and germplasm conservation. Morphological studies alone do not provide sufficient information to understand genetic diversity. Molecular analysis using SSRs can provide additional information on genetic diversity that can be used for selection of diverse parents. Methods: The experimental material for present study consisted of 50 diverse genotypes of pigeonpea. The fifty genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design consisted of three replications during the kharif 2020-21. The estimation of morphological genetic diversity was done by Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The molecular genetic diversity analysis was done by using 30 molecular markers in same genotypes. Result: The assessment of morphological diversity revealed that the fifty pigeonpea genotypes were grouped into four different clusters with cluster I as the largest cluster (33 genotypes). The molecular markers differentiated the 50 genotypes in five major clusters with cluster II as the largest cluster (24 genotypes). The results of present study suggested that morphological and molecular diversity in pigeonpea is different. On the basis of genetic distance, the genotypes RVSA 2014-1 and PA 406 were found most genetically distant and may be used in hybridization programme to create diverse progenies.
Diurnal Cortisol Slope and Nighttime Blood Pressure: A Study in European Americans and African Americans
Authors: Ernst Brooke , Su Shaoyong , Treiber Frank , Snieder Harold , Wang Xiaoling
Published: October 2021

Objectives: African Americans (AAs) have higher nighttime blood pressure (BP) than European Americans (EAs). Stress has been suggested to play a role in this difference, but the mechanism is not well-understood. Flatter diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) is a well-known biological marker of stress. The objectives of this study were to: 1) examine ethnic differences in DCS; 2) evaluate the association between DCS and nighttime BP; and 3) determine the extent to which ethnic differences in nighttime BP can be explained by ethnic differences in DCS.Methods: A total of 510 participants (age range: 14-35 years; 49.6% AAs, 54.5% females) provided four salivary cortisol samples at bedtime, wakeup, 30-minutes post-wakeup, and 60-minutes post-wakeup. Additionally, participants wore an ambula­tory BP monitor for 24 hours. DCS was cal­culated as the average of the three morning samples minus the bedtime measurement.Results: After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and smoking, AAs had blunted DCS (P=.018) and higher nighttime systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) (Ps<.001) compared with EAs. The DCS was inversely related to nighttime SBP and this relation­ship did not depend on ethnicity. The ethnic difference of nighttime SBP was significantly attenuated upon addition of DCS to the model. Mediation test showed that 9.5% of ethnic difference in nighttime SBP could be explained by DCS (P=.039).Conclusion: This study confirms ethnic differences in DCS and nighttime BP and further demonstrates that the ethnic differ­ences in DCS can, at least partially, explain the ethnic differences found in night­time BP. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(4):481-488; doi:10.18865/ed.31.4.481
Associations Between Performance on the Entrance Exam and Subsequent Academic Performance at the Federal University of Minas Gerais
Authors: Golgher André Braz
Published: October 2021

This paper analyses associations between performance on the entrance exams and subsequent academic performance at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). Results clearly indicate that minority students catch up with other students while attending the university. For those who entered this institution in 2009, when the first stage of the selection process was UFMG´s own exam, the Portuguese, Mathematics, and Science exams had a larger predictive power, while the humanities and foreign language exams showed non-significant results or played smaller roles in predicting GPA outcomes. For those who were selected in the entrance exam of 2012, when the National Exam of the Secondary Level (ENEM) was used as the first stage of the selection process, all four exams (Language, Mathematics, Humanities, and Science) showed positive and significant results. In addition, the second stage of UFMG´s exam had a greater predictive power when ENEM was used as the first stage of the selection process.
Automatic Detection of Display Defects for Smart Meters based on Deep Learning
Authors: Chen Ye , Hong Zhihu , Liao Yaohua , Zhu Mengmeng , Han Tong , Shen Quan
Published: October 2021

The smart meter is an essential part of an intelligent grid system. Defects in the LCD screen the smart meters affect their use. Therefore, detection of LCD screen defects of smart meters is of great significance for management and use of smart electricity meters. At present, detection methods are mainly realized by manual detection and automatic detection based on machine vision. However, performance of these two methods is not satisfactory. The fault detection task of a smart meter LCD screen can be divided into two parts: smart meter LCD localization and LCD fault detection. Therefore, this paper proposes a twostage system based on deep learning, which combines YOLOv5 with ResNet34. YOLOv5 is used for smart meter LCD localization and the classification network based on ResNet34 for LCD fault detection. We have constructed an LCD screen localization dataset and an LCD screen defect detection dataset to train and test our model. As a result, our model achieves a defect detection accuracy of 98.9% on the dataset proposed in this paper and can accurately detect the common defects of an LCD screen.
E-learning in the Lebanese Higher Education Institutions: An Assessment of Factors Leading to Students’ Satisfaction
Authors: Younis Joumana A. , Hejase Hussin J. , Abdallah Mohamad Ali , Haddad Salim M.I. , Hejase Ale J.
Published: October 2021

The Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Lebanon have been heavily impacted since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The majority of the institutions had to react to the sudden decision to go online. In fact, they had to develop unplanned E-learning programs to assure the academic year’s survival. In Lebanon, the Ministry of Education & Higher Education (MEHE) has ordered all educational institutions, public and private, to stop physical learning and start implementing E-learning through various online platforms. Because of Lebanon’s unprepared infrastructure, students in universities struggled to continue their studies and to keep pace with others who have better situations. The purpose of this study is to assess the factors that may impact the success of E-learning in Lebanese universities and that affect students’ satisfaction in adapting to this unplanned phase. The study is quantitative, explorative, descriptive and causal. A questionnaire was designed to collect primary data from 380 university students belonging to ten universities. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS version 25 software. Several statistical techniques were performed including descriptive statistics and carrying out relational analysis via Factor Analysis (FA) and linear regression. Five constructs were defined namely, (1) Infrastructure, (2) Computer Skills, (3) E-Learning Content & Autonomy, (4) Support from others, and (5) Satisfaction. Results show that students’ satisfaction is strongly influenced by the other four internal (2) and external (2) factors. Findings will support a set of recommendation directed to decision makers in HEI and the MEHE officials.
The Implementasi Akad Isthisna’ Tanpa Bank Dalam Memenangkan Persaingan Bisnis Property (Studi Kasus di PT Samawa Proper
Authors: Fathony Alvan , Bustomi Ahmad Nur
Published: October 2021

The house is one of the needs that must be fulfilled by humans, the need for housing in Indonesia is increasing every year in line with the high population growth. Based on a letter issued by the finance minister regarding the home ownership loan program, many residential property business developers offer home services in an effort to meet the need for housing. Then came the conventional mortgages and sharia mortgages. Sharia mortgages are schemes that continue to develop and attract public interest with their sharia transaction systems, either with a Murabaha or Isthisna 'contract. This study aims to find out how the practice of istishna contract is applied by the developer of PT Samawa Property Group. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with exposure related to solving existing problems. The results of this study indicate that the contract used is the istishna contract which is able to meet the needs of the community for houses without riba transactions, clear price transparency, no fines or confiscation so that it is mutually beneficial and able to improve the welfare of the community.
Integrated silicon photonic filters based on nanowire cascaded Sagnac loop resonators
Authors: Moss David
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate advanced integrated photonic filters in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowires implemented by cascaded Sagnac loop reflector (CSLR) resonators. We investigate mode splitting in these standing-wave (SW) resonators and demonstrate its use for engineering the spectral profile of on-chip photonic filters. By changing the reflectivity of the Sagnac loop reflectors (SLRs) and the phase shifts along the connecting waveguides, we tailor mode splitting in the CSLR resonators to achieve a wide range of filter shapes for diverse applications including enhanced light trapping, flat-top filtering, Q factor enhancement, and signal reshaping. We present the theoretical designs and compare the CSLR resonators with three, four, and eight SLRs fabricated in SOI. We achieve versatile filter shapes in the measured transmission spectra via diverse mode splitting that agree well with theory. This work confirms the effectiveness of using CSLR resonators as integrated multi-functional SW filters for flexible spectral engineering.
Frequency characteristics of dissipative and generative fractional RLC circuits
Authors: Haška Kristian , Zorica Dušan , Cvetićanin Stevan
Published: October 2021

Equations governing the transient and steady-state regimes of the fractional series RLC circuits containing dissipative and/or generative capacitor and inductor are posed by considering the electric current as a response to electromotive force. Further, fractional RLC circuits are analyzed in the steady-state regime and their energy consumption/production properties are established depending on the angular frequency of electromotive force. Frequency characteristics of the modulus and argument of transfer function, i.e., of circuit's equivalent admittance, are analyzed through the Bode diagrams for the whole frequency range, as well as for low and high frequencies as the asymptotic expansions of transfer function modulus and argument.
Comparative sequencing and SNP marker validation for oat stem rust resistance gene Pg6 in a diverse collection of Avena accessions
Authors: Gordon USDA-ARS , Jin Yue , Tinker Nicholas , Bekele Wubishet , Gale Samuel , Bockelman Harold , Bonman John Michael
Published: October 2021

New races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae (Pga) threaten global oat production. An A. strigosa accession known to carry the broadly effective oat stem rust resistance gene, Pg6, was crossed with two susceptible A. strigosa accessions to generate 198 F2:3 families and 190 F5:6 RILs. The RIL population was used to determine that Pg6 was a single dominant gene located between 475 and 491 Mbp on diploid chromosome AA2 of the A. atlantica genome. This region was further refined by identifying SNPs associated with Pg6 resistance in a panel of previously sequenced A-genome accessions. Twenty-four markers were developed from SNPs that showed perfect association between the Pg6 phenotype and 11 sequenced Avena diploid accessions. These markers were validated in the RILs and F2:3 families and the markers most closely linked with resistance were tested in a diverse panel of 253 accessions consisting of oat stem rust differentials, all available diploid Avena spp. accessions, and 41 A. vaviloviana accessions from the National Small Grains Collection. One SNP marker located at 483,439,497 bp on AA2, designated as AA2_483439497, was perfectly associated with the Pg6 phenotype in Avena strigosa diploids and was within several Kb of a resistance gene analog, RPP13. The marker results and seedling testing against Pga races DBD, KBD, TJS, and TQL enabled the postulation of Pg6 and potential new sources of resistance in the Avena panel. These results will be used to infer Pg6 presence in other germplasm collections and breeding programs and can assist with introgression, gene pyramiding, and cloning of Pg6.
Propagation of Inflowing Urban Stormwater Pulses Through Reservoir Embayments
Authors: Fork Megan , McManamay Ryan , Heffernan James
Published: October 2021

Flashy hydrology and high solute loads in stormflow are well-studied effects of the built environment on urban streams. The physical and chemical interactions between inflowing stormwater of urban streams and their termination in large impoundments, however, is poorly understood. Determining the spatial distribution of urban stormwater in reservoirs is an important step in understanding the effects of the heat and contaminant loads in these systems, which provide multiple services for adjacent cities. Here, we show that signals of stormwater from a small urban stream can propagate more than 800 m from the stream mouth. Stormflow can also break down the thermal stratification that exists during non-storm periods. Because the relative volume of inflowing water relative to stored water in a reservoir embayment determines the distance stormwater propagates, management of both the urban landscape (which affects runoff volumes) and of reservoir water levels affects the spatial footprint of urban stormwater. These physical and chemical effects of stormwater may have significant implications for nutrient and pollutant transport through and biogeochemical reactions in reservoirs, as well as habitat for organisms and processing of organic matter and greenhouse gases in these dynamic ecosystems.
Responding To Vulnerable Patients With Multimorbidity: An Interprofessional Team Approach
Authors: Brown Judith B. , Reichert Sonja M. , Boeckxstaens Pauline , Stewart Moira , Fortin Martin
Published: October 2021

Background
People with multimorbidity, who may be more vulnerable, often require care by an interprofessional primary healthcare (PHC) team that can tailor their approach to address the multiple and complex needs of this population. This study explored how the needs of vulnerable patients experiencing multimorbidity receive care by innovative interprofessional PHC teams during a one-hour consultation, outside of usual care.
Methods
This was a descriptive qualitative study. Forty-eight interviews were conducted with 20 allied healthcare professionals: (e.g., social work, pharmacy); 19 physicians (e.g., psychiatry, internal medicine, family medicine); and 9 decision makers. The thematic analysis was both iterative and interpretative using an individual and team approach to identify the main themes and exemplar quotations for illustration.
Results
Participants described patients with multimorbidity who were vulnerable as those experiencing major challenges accessing and navigating the healthcare system. Mental health issues were a major contributor to being vulnerable and often linked to common social determinants of health. Cultural factors were identified as potentially causing patients to be vulnerable. Participants articulated how the collaborative nature of the team generated new ideas and facilitated creative recommendations designed to meet the specific needs of each patient.
Conclusions
This one-time consultation went beyond the assessment of a patient’s multimorbidity by including a psycho-social-contextual understanding of vulnerability within the healthcare system. Findings may have important clinical and policy implications in the adoption and implementation of this approach and further assist vulnerable patients with multimorbidity.
Simulation-Optimization Approach for the Production and Distribution Planning Problem in the Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain
Authors: Kabiri Niloofar Nadim , Emami Saeed , Safaei Abdul Sattar
Published: October 2021

With the growth of multinational companies, increasing international and domestic competition between companies, upgrading information technology, and increasing customer expectations, accurate supply chain (SC) planning is essential. In such an environment, pollution has become more severe in recent decades, and with the weakening of the environment and global warming, green SC management (GSCM) strategies have become more attention in recent decades. In this research, we consider the integrated production and distribution (PD) planning problem of a multi-level green closed-loop SC (GCLSC) system, which includes multiple recycling, manufacturing/ remanufacturing, and distribution centers. We present a three-level bi-objective programming model to maximize profit and minimize the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. A hierarchical iterative approach utilizing the LP-metric method and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is introduced to solve the proposed model. Also, the Taguchi approach is applied to find optimum control parameters of NSGA-II. Moreover, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is applied to tackle uncertainty in demand, and the NSGA-II algorithm is fusioned with MC simulation (MCNSGA-II). The results obtained show that the simulation-optimization approach presented better results than the deterministic approach.