bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From offsetting to a publication based business model: The (potential) comeback of selection, individual prices and competition
Authors: Geschuhn Kai , Pieper Dirk
Published: October 2016

Watch the VIDEO of the presentation.In March 2016, the ESAC initiative brought together offsetting users from all over Europe to discuss principles and mechanisms of a new business model, currently referred to as offsetting (http://esac-initiative.org/activities/offsetting-workshop-2016/). Participants agreed upon a “Joint Understanding of Offsetting”. The document most importantly includes the claim for agreements to lead to a “pay as you publish” model, meaning that institutions should be billed only for those articles published by their authors rather than making prepayments or pay lump sums, which still include reading or access fees.Subsequently, offsetting users like the Max Planck Digital Library, JISC, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) or the Netherlands started using the Open APC Initiative to aggregate data from offsetting big deals (http://treemaps.intact-project.org/apcdata/offsetting/). The collection already provides insights on the allocation of offsetting publications over a publisher's journal portfolio, which allows predictions not only on the popularity of journals among researchers in terms of preferred places for publications, but also for a “pay-as-you-publish-model”. Currently the publication data from the Springer offsetting pilot participants (“Springer Compact”) show a distribution of publications over not even the half of Springer’s journal fleet.The conference contribution analyses the data together with bibliometric information and subscription based usage statistics in order to draw conclusions for a truly publication based open access business model in terms of re-implementing individual choices made by authors, price sensitivity, price setting, and market competition. It will be discussed, how offsetting contributes to the desired large-scale open access transformation, as outlined by the Open Access 2020 initiative (http://oa2020.org/).
Transparent and Cost Effective Digital Open Access Publishing. The peer review process: burden or blessing to universities?
Authors: Udatha D.B.R.K. Gupta
Published: October 2016

Watch the VIDEO of the presentation.As per the standard definition, "Peer review is the critical assessment of manuscripts submitted to journals by experts who are not part of the editorial staff". The reviewers generally are the researchers employed in institutions where research is conducted, for example universities and other academic research institutions. Peer review has rarely been a focus of the university's management or administration. Peer review is initiated and managed by the publishers and the researchers employed by the universities are doing the peer reviewing work. A recent study at the University of Tromsø (UiT) showed that its researchers spent as much as 28000 hours each year on peer reviewing for journals or publishers. This shows that if the UiT were to employ and pay researchers in positions as reviewers, this would cost approximately € 1,783,000 per annum for the university. In other words, the invisible costs of peer review are extensive. In this presentation, an overview of the economics involved in the peer review process will be presented. An overview of our new publishing initiative “Open Communications Press” will also be presented, that aims to turn the peer review economic burden into a blessing.
Epitaxially grown crystalline Al2O3 interlayer on β-Ga2O3(010) and its suppressed interface state density
Authors: Kamimura Takafumi , Krishnamurthy Daivasigamani , Kuramata Akito , Yamakoshi Shigenobu , Higashiwaki Masataka
Published: October 2016

Al2O3 films were deposited on β-Ga2O3(010) and β-Ga2O3

substrates by atomic layer deposition at 250 °C, and their interface state densities (D
it) at shallow energies were evaluated using a high–low capacitance–voltage (C–V) method. Al2O3/β-Ga2O3(010) showed lower D
it values (5.9 × 1010 to 9.3 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1) than Al2O3/β-Ga2O3

(2.0 × 1011 to 2.0 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1) in an energy range of −0.8 to −0.1 eV. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated the formation of a uniform amorphous Al2O3 layer on the β-Ga2O3

substrate. In contrast, a crystalline Al2O3 interlayer with a thickness of 3.2 ± 0.7 nm with an amorphous Al2O3 top layer was formed on the β-Ga2O3(010) substrate, which effectively decreased D
it. Moreover, thicker interlayers showing lower D
it values at deep state levels were formed at deposition temperatures higher than 100 °C, which were evaluated by shifts in the C–V curves.
Intranodal signal suppression in pelvic MR lymphography of prostate cancer patients: a quantitative comparison of ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol
Authors: Debats Oscar A. , Fortuin Ansje S. , Meijer Hanneke J.M. , Hambrock Thomas , Litjens Geert J.S. , Barentsz Jelle O. , Huisman Henkjan J.
Published: October 2016

Objectives

The key to MR lymphography is suppression of T2* MR signal in normal lymph nodes, while retaining high signal in metastatic nodes. Our objective is to quantitatively compare the ability of ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol to suppress the MR signal in normal pelvic lymph nodes.

Methods

In 2010, a set of consecutive patients who underwent intravenous MR Lymphography (MRL) were included. Signal suppression in normal lymph nodes in T2*-weighted images due to uptake of USPIO (Ultra-Small Superparamagnetic Particles of Iron Oxide) was quantified. Signal suppression by two USPIO contrast agents, ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol was compared using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.

Results

Forty-four patients were included, of which all 44 had a ferumoxtran-10 MRL and 4 had additionally a ferumoxytol MRL. A total of 684 lymph nodes were identified in the images, of which 174 had been diagnosed as metastatic. USPIO-induced signal suppression in normal lymph nodes was significantly stronger in ferumoxtran-10 MRL than in ferumoxytol MRL (p < 0.005).

Conclusions

T2* signal suppression in normal pelvic lymph nodes is significantly stronger with ferumoxtran-10 than with ferumoxytol, which may affect diagnostic accuracy.
Formal modeling and analysis of ER-αassociated Biological Regulatory Network in breast cancer
Authors: Khalid Samra , Hanif Rumeza , Tareen Samar H.K. , Siddiqa Amnah , Bibi Zurah , Ahmad Jamil
Published: October 2016

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading cause of death among females worldwide. The increasing incidence of BC is due to various genetic and environmental changes which lead to the disruption of cellular signaling network(s). It is a complex disease in which several interlinking signaling cascades play a crucial role in establishing a complex regulatory network. The logical modeling approach of René Thomas has been applied to analyze the behavior of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) associated Biological Regulatory Network (BRN) for a small part of complex events that leads to BC metastasis.

Methods

A discrete model was constructed using the kinetic logic formalism and its set of logical parameters were obtained using the model checking technique implemented in the SMBioNet software which is consistent with biological observations. The discrete model was further enriched with continuous dynamics by converting it into an equivalent Petri Net (PN) to analyze the logical parameters of the involved entities.

Results

In-silicobased discrete and continuous modeling of ER-αassociated signaling network involved in BC provides information about behaviors and gene-gene interaction in detail. The dynamics of discrete model revealed, imperative behaviors represented as cyclic paths and trajectories leading to pathogenic states such as metastasis. Results suggest that the increased expressions of receptors ER-α, IGF-1R and EGFR slow down the activity of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) such as BRCA1, p53 and Mdm2 which can lead to metastasis. Therefore, IGF-1R and EGFR are considered as important inhibitory targets to control the metastasis in BC.

Conclusion

Thein-silicoapproaches allow us to increase our understanding of the functional properties of living organisms. It opens new avenues of investigations of multiple inhibitory targets (ER-α, IGF-1R and EGFR) for wet lab experiments as well as provided valuable insights in the treatment of cancers such as BC.
Effects of 14-day oral low dose selenium nanoparticles and selenite in rat—as determined by metabolite pattern determination
Authors: Hadrup Niels , Loeschner Katrin , Skov Kasper , Ravn-Haren Gitte , Larsen Erik H. , Mortensen Alicja , Lam Henrik R. , Frandsen Henrik L.
Published: October 2016

Selenium (Se) is an essential element with a small difference between physiological and toxic doses. To provide more effective and safe Se dosing regimens, as compared to dosing with ionic selenium, nanoparticle formulations have been developed. However, due to the nano-formulation, unexpected toxic effects may occur. We used metabolite pattern determination in urine to investigate biological and/or toxic effects in rats administered nanoparticles and for comparison included ionic selenium at an equimolar dose in the form of sodium selenite. Low doses of 10 and 100 fold the recommended human high level were employed to study the effects at borderline toxicity. Evaluations of all significantly changed putative metabolites, showed that Se nanoparticles and sodium selenite induced similar dose dependent changes of the metabolite pattern. Putative identified metabolites included increased decenedioic acid and hydroxydecanedioic acid for both Se formulations whereas dipeptides were only increased for selenite. These effects could reflect altered fatty acid and protein metabolism, respectively.
First wind shear observation in PMSE with the tristatic EISCAT VHF radar
Authors: Mann I. , Häggström I. , Tjulin A. , Rostami S. , Anyairo C. C. , Dalin P.
Published: October 2016

The Polar Summer Mesosphere has the lowest temperatures that occur in the entire Earth system. Water ice particles below the optically observable size range participate there in the formation of strong radar echoes (Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes, PMSE). To study PMSE we carried out observations with the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) VHF and EISCAT UHF radar simultaneously from a site near Tromsø (69.58°N, 19.2272°E) and observed VHF backscattering also with the EISCAT receivers in Kiruna (67.86°N, 20.44°E) and Sodankylä (67.36°N, 26.63°E). This is one of the first tristatic measurements with EISCAT VHF, and we therefore describe the observations and geometry in detail. We present observations made on 26 June 2013 from 7:00 to 13:00 h UT where we found similar PMSE patterns with all three VHF receivers and found signs of wind shear in PMSE. The observations suggest that the PMSE contains sublayers that move in different directions horizontally, and this points to Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability possibly playing a role in PMSE formation. We find no signs of PMSE in the UHF data. The electron densities that we derive from observed incoherent scatter at UHF are at PMSE altitudes close to the noise level but possibly indicate reduced electron densities directly above the PMSE.
Sex‐specific linkage scans in opioid dependence
Authors: Yang Bao‐Zhu , Han Shizhong , Kranzler Henry R. , Palmer Abraham A. , Gelernter Joel
Published: October 2016

Sex influences risk for opioid dependence (OD). We hypothesized that sex might interact with genetic loci that influence the risk for OD. Therefore we performed an analysis to identify sex‐specific genomic susceptibility regions for OD using linkage. Over 6,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were genotyped for 1,758 African‐ and European‐American (AA and EA) individuals from 739 families, ascertained via affected sib‐pairs with OD and/or cocaine dependence. Autosomewide non‐parametric linkage scans, stratified by sex and population, were performed. We identified one significant linkage region, segregating with OD in EA men, at 71.1 cM on chromosome 4 (LOD = 3.29; point‐wise P = 0.00005; empirical autosome‐wide P = 0.042), which significantly differed from the linkage signal at the same location in EA women (empirical P = 0.002). Three suggestive linkage signals were identified at 181.3 cM on chromosome 7 (LOD = 2.18), 104 cM on chromosome 11 (LOD = 1.85), and 60.9 cM on chromosome 16 (LOD = 1.93) in EA women. In AA men, four suggestive linkage signals were detected at 201.1 cM on chromosome 3 (LOD = 2.32), 152.9 cM on chromosome 6 (LOD = 1.86), 16.8 cM on chromosome 7 (LOD = 1.95), and 36.1 cM on chromosome 17 (LOD = 1.99). The significant region, mapping to 4q12‐4q13.1, harbors several OD candidate genes with interconnected functionality, including VEGFR, CLOCK, PDCL2, NMU, NRSF, and IGFBP7. In conclusion, these results provide an evidence for the existence of sex‐specific and population‐specific differences in OD. Furthermore, these results provide positional information that will facilitate the use of targeted next‐generation sequencing to search for genes that contribute to sex‐specific differences in OD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoassisted Oxygen Reduction Reaction in H2–O2 Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang Bingqing , Wang Shengyang , Fan Wenjun , Ma Weiguang , Liang Zhenxing , Shi Jingying , Liao Shijun , Li Can
Published: October 2016

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key step in H2–O2 fuel cells, which, however, suffers from slow kinetics even for state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. In this work, by making use of photocatalysis, the ORR was significantly accelerated with a polymer semiconductor (polyterthiophene). The onset potential underwent a positive shift from 0.66 to 1.34 V, and the current was enhanced by a factor of 44 at 0.6 V. The improvement was further confirmed in a proof‐of‐concept light‐driven H2–O2 fuel cell, in which the open circuit voltage (Voc) increased from 0.64 to 1.18 V, and the short circuit current (Jsc) was doubled. This novel tandem structure combining a polymer solar cell and a fuel cell enables the simultaneous utilization of photo‐ and electrochemical energy, showing promising potential for applications in energy conversion and storage.
Improvement of Ligand Affinity and Thermodynamic Properties by NMR‐Based Evaluation of Local Dynamics and Surface Complementarity in the Receptor‐Bound State
Authors: Mizukoshi Yumiko , Takeuchi Koh , Arutaki Misa , Tokunaga Yuji , Takizawa Takeshi , Hanzawa Hiroyuki , Shimada Ichio
Published: October 2016

The thermodynamic properties of a ligand in the bound state affect its binding specificity. Strict binding specificity can be achieved by introducing multiple spatially defined interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, into the ligand–receptor interface. These introduced interactions are characterized by restricted local dynamics and improved surface complementarity in the bound state. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the local dynamics and the surface complementarity of weak‐affinity ligands in the receptor‐bound state by forbidden coherence transfer analysis in free‐bound exchange systems (Ex‐FCT), using the interaction between a ligand, a myocyte‐enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) docking peptide, and a receptor, p38α, as a model system. The Ex‐FCT analyses successfully provided information for the rational design of a ligand with higher affinity and preferable thermodynamic properties for p38α.
Functionalized graphene oxide supported copper (I) complex as effective and recyclable nanocatalyst for one‐pot three component synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Naeimi Hossein , Shaabani Rahele , Moradian Mohsen
Published: October 2016

Efficient, one pot three‐component reaction of alkyl halides, sodium azide with terminal alkynes can be catalyzed by functionalized graphene oxide with copper(I) under thermal conditions. A series of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles were obtained by this one‐pot strategy. The catalyst was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX). The catalyst can be reused at least five times without significant deactivation.
Side‐of‐onset of Parkinson's disease in relation to neuropsychological measures
Authors: Modestino Edward J. , Amenechi Chioma , Reinhofer AnnaMarie , O'Toole Patrick
Published: October 2016

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) usually emerges with a unilateral side‐of‐onset (left‐onset: LOPD; right‐onset: ROPD; Marinus & van Hilten, 2015) due to an asymmetrical degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons (Donnemiller et al., Brain, 135, 2012, 3348). This has led to a body of research exploring the cognitive, neuropsychological, and clinical differences between LOPD and ROPD (e.g., Verreyt et al., Neuropsychology Review, 21, 2011, 405).

Methods

Thirty ROPD and 14 LOPD cases were drawn from a Boston clinic specializing in PD. Various cognitive and neuropsychological measures were used in an attempt to discover if there were indeed any differences between LOPD and ROPD in this cohort.

Results

For LOPD, duration of illness was found to be significantly greater than that of ROPD. However, further testing was able to confirm that despite this difference, it was not the cause of the other significant differences found. Furthermore, this increased duration was consistent with a previous study (Munhoz et al., Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 19, 2013, 77). Performance on the Digit Span Backward (DSB) was found to be significantly poorer in LOPD than ROPD, suggesting compromised executive function in LOPD. Additionally, LOPD had significantly greater anxiety on the DASS Anxiety scales than ROPD. However, unlike Foster et al (Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 23, 2010, 4), this increased anxiety could not account for the poorer performance on the DSB for LOPD. Finally, ROPD had significantly greater magical ideation than LOPD, which can be explained by the theory put forth by Brugger and Graves (European Archives of Psychiatry, 247, 1997, 55).

Conclusion

Clear and significant differences between LOPD and ROPD were found within our cohort. LOPD showed greater impairment of working memory, greater anxiety, and greater duration of illness—all independent of one another; whereas, those with ROPD had greater magical ideation, also independent of any other variables.
The Effect of Moisture on the Hydrolysis of Basic Salts
Authors: Shi Xiaoyang , Xiao Hang , Chen Xi , Lackner Klaus S.
Published: October 2016

A great deal of information exists concerning the hydration of ions in bulk water. Much less noticeable, but equally ubiquitous is the hydration of ions holding on to several water molecules in nanoscopic pores or in natural air at low relative humidity. Such hydration of ions with a high ratio of ions to water molecules (up to 1:1) are essential in determining the energetics of many physical and chemical systems. Herein, we present a quantitative analysis of the energetics of ion hydration in nanopores based on molecular modeling of a series of basic salts associated with different numbers of water molecules. The results show that the degree of hydrolysis of basic salts in the presence of a few water molecules is significantly different from that in bulk water. The reduced availability of water molecules promotes the hydrolysis of divalent and trivalent basic ions (S2−, CO32−, SO32−, HPO42−, SO42−, PO43−), which produces lower valent ions (HS−, HCO3−, HSO3−, H2PO4−, HSO4−, HPO42−) and OH−ions. However, reducing the availability of water inhibits the hydrolysis of monovalent basic ions (CN−, HS−). This finding sheds some light on a vast number of chemical processes in the atmosphere and on solid porous surfaces. The discovery has wide potential applications including designing efficient absorbents for acidic gases.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Electron Transmetalation: Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalytic Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Alkyl β‐Trifluoroboratoketones and ‐esters with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Tellis John C. , Amani Javad , Molander Gary A.
Published: October 2016

For the first time, a cross‐coupling of secondary alkyl β‐trifluoroboratoketones and ‐esters with aryl bromides under photoredox/nickel dual catalysis is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of exo‐Peroxyacetals: An Organocatalyzed Peroxyhemiacetalization/Oxa‐Michael Addition Cascade.
Authors: Maity Sanjay , Parhi Biswajit , Ghorai Prasanta
Published: October 2016

An unprecedented peroxyhemiacetalization/oxa‐Michael addition cascade of ortho‐formyl homochalcones is conducted using cinchona‐alkaloid‐based chiral bifunctional catalysts to provide cis‐configured exo‐peroxyacetals, a new class of organic peroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Enol Ethers as Carbonyl Surrogates in a Modification of the Povarov Synthesis of 3‐Aryl Quinolines and Their anti‐Toxoplasma Activity.
Authors: Brown Carla E. , McNulty James , Bordon Claudia , Yolken Robert , Jones‐Brando Lorraine
Published: October 2016

The three‐component reaction between ethyl glyoxylate, aryl substituted enol ethers and aryl amines offers access to various 3‐aryl quinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Which Metals are Green for Catalysis? Comparison of the Toxicities of Ni, Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Au Salts
Authors: Egorova Ksenia S. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: October 2016

Review: [127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox Chemistry of Cobalamin and Its Derivatives
Authors: Dereven'kov I. A. , Salnikov D. S. , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu R. , Makarov S. V. , Koifman O. I.
Published: October 2016

Review: 209 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Larock Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Herraiz‐Cobo Jesus , Albericio Fernando , Alvarez Mercedes
Published: October 2016

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemical Properties of Thiochromone and Its 3‐Substituted Derivatives
Authors: Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya.
Published: October 2016

Review: [61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of Peptide Hydrolysis by Aspartyl and Metalloproteases
Authors: Paul Thomas J. , Barman Arghya , Ozbil Mehmet , Bora Ram Prasad , Zhang Tingting , Sharma Gaurav , Hoffmann Zachary , Prabhakar Rajeev
Published: October 2016

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Hybrid Architectures Built from Functionalized Fullerenes and Metal Ions or Clusters
Authors: Kraft Andreas , Beuerle Florian
Published: October 2016

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: π‐Conjugated Phospholes and Their Incorporation into Devices: Components with a Great Deal of Potential
Authors: Duffy M. P. , Delaunay W. , Bouit P.‐A. , Hissler M.
Published: October 2016

Review: [75 refs.
Physikalische Verfahren zur Entalkoholisierung verschiedener Getränkematrizes und deren Einfluss auf qualitätsrelevante Merkmale
Authors: Müller Magdalena , Bellut Konstantin , Tippmann Johannes , Becker Thomas
Published: October 2016

Membranbasierte und thermische Verfahren werden seit vielen Jahren zur Herstellung alkoholfreier Getränke genutzt, um Ethanol aus Bier oder anderen alkoholhaltigen, fermentierten Matrizes zu entfernen. Ziel ist, Ethanol möglichst selektiv und unter Berücksichtigung der Verluste wertgebender Aromastoffe zu entziehen. Neben gesetzlichen Grundlagen und gesundheitsrelevanten Aspekten werden verschiedene Technologien sowie deren Auswirkungen auf die Aromastoffzusammensetzung von Zwischen‐ und Endprodukten erläutert. Auch auf die Möglichkeiten zur verfahrenstechnischen Beurteilung thermischer Verfahren wird eingegangen.
Ni−Cu Hydrotalcite‐Derived Mixed Oxides as Highly Selective and Stable Catalysts for the Synthesis of β‐Branched Bioalcohols by the Guerbet Reaction
Authors: Hernández Willinton Y. , De Vlieger Kevin , Van Der Voort Pascal , Verberckmoes An
Published: October 2016

A series of Ni−Cu hydrotalcite‐derived mixed oxides have been synthesized and evaluated as heterogeneous catalysts for the dimerization of linear aliphatic alcohols to afford β‐branched Guerbet alcohols. The use of the hydrotalcite‐structured catalyst precursor highly favors the catalyst stability. This Cu/Ni catalyst has an enhanced reducibility of Ni2+ species under reaction conditions, favoring the hydrogen transfer and hydrogenation capacity of the catalyst system. Catalytic results are reported for C8, mixed C8/C10, and C18 alcohol feeds, with full conversions and Guerbet product purities of 72.5–96 %.
Epigenetic Treatment of Persistent Viral Infections
Authors: Moos Walter H. , Pinkert Carl A. , Irwin Michael H. , Faller Douglas V. , Kodukula Krishna , Glavas Ioannis P. , Steliou Kosta
Published: October 2016

Preclinical Research

Approximately 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates used the word herpes as a medical term to describe lesions that appeared to creep or crawl on the skin, advocating heat as a possible treatment. During the last 50 years, pharmaceutical research has made great strides, and therapeutic options have expanded to include small molecule antiviral agents, protease inhibitors, preventive vaccines for a handful of the papillomaviruses, and even cures for hepatitis C virus infections. However, effective treatments for persistent and recurrent viral infections, particularly the highly prevalent herpesviruses, continue to represent a significant unmet medical need, affecting the majority of the world's population. Exploring the population diversity of the human microbiome and the effects its compositional variances have on the immune system, health, and disease are the subjects of intense investigational research and study. Among the collection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and single‐cell eukaryotes that comprise the human microbiome, the virome has been grossly understudied relative to the influence it exerts on human pathophysiology, much as mitochondria have until recently failed to receive the attention they deserve, given their critical biomedical importance. Fortunately, cellular epigenetic machinery offers a wealth of druggable targets for therapeutic intervention in numerous disease indications, including those outlined above. With advances in synthetic biology, engineering our body's commensal microorganisms to seek out and destroy pathogenic species is clearly on the horizon. This is especially the case given recent breakthroughs in genetic manipulation with tools such as the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated) gene‐editing platforms. Tying these concepts together with our previous work on the microbiome and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, we suggest that, because mammalian cells respond to a viral infection by triggering a cascade of antiviral innate immune responses governed substantially by the cell's mitochondria, small molecule carnitinoids represent a new class of therapeutics with potential widespread utility against many infectious insults. Drug Dev Res 78 : 24–36, 2017.   © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative evaluation of chemical profiles of three representative 'snow lotus' herbs by UPLC‐DAD‐QTOF‐MS combined with principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses
Authors: Chen Qi‐Lei , Zhu Lin , Tang Yi‐Na , Kwan Hiu‐Yee , Zhao Zhong‐Zhen , Chen Hu‐Biao , Yi Tao
Published: October 2016

Herbal healthcare products are used worldwide as relatively safe and effective alternatives to allopathic drugs. Saussurea laniceps Hand.‐Mazz. (SL), S. medusa Maxim. (SM) and S. involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.Bip. (SI) are three sources of the renowned 'snow lotus', Chinese materia medica for treating inflammatory diseases. The three species have different therapeutic effects, among which SL has been proved to be the most potent, but they are frequently confused on the market and in the academic community. An ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector‐quadrupole time of flight‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐DAD‐QTOF‐MS) method was developed and used to analyze 49 herbal samples for species analysis and overall quality evaluation. With 25 simultaneously identified constituents, of which 12 were quantified, the three herbs showed different chemical profiles. Four‐dimensional principle component analysis (4D‐PCA) and orthogonal hierarchical cluster analysis (2D‐HCA) results illustrated that SL should be grouped away from SM and SI, contradicting the botanical record in Flora of China. The present chemical determination and pattern recognition results directly explain the therapeutic potency of SL and distinguish the three confused snow lotus herbs. Furthermore, the findings suggest a possible extensive quality evaluation model for multi‐origin medicinal plants and help monitor falsification of snow lotus herbal products on the market, contributing to a more regulated pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a retrospective single‐center study
Authors: Kamranzadeh Fumani Hosein , Zokaasadi Mohammad , Kasaeian Amir , Alimoghaddam Kamran , Mousavi Seyed Asadollah , Bahar Babak , Vaezi Mohammad , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir
Published: October 2016

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cell characterized by complement mediated intravascular hemolysis. There are different treatment modalities available for PNH, such as supportive care, eculizumab, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); only the last one has a potential curative role. This study reported the outcome of HSCT transplanted PNH patients. Thirteen PNH patients between 2002 and 2014 participated in this study. All had full‐matched sibling donors, and the conditioning regimen was Bu/Cy (busulfan plus cyclophosphamide), and the source of stem cells was peripheral blood of the donors. Mean age at transplant was 27.46 years, and mean time to transplant was 41.30 months. Three were female and 10 were male. Three patients died at the end of follow‐up time, and the cause of death was graft versus host disease (GVHD) for all 3 cases. Survival analysis showed a 5‐year and a 13‐year survival rate of 74.07% and a significant relationship between a positive history of thrombosis and a higher mortality rate. HSCT has curative role in management of PNH with an acceptable survival rate and therefore can be considered as an acceptable choice for selected cases.
Properties of chaotic vibration energy harvester: comparison of numerical results with experiments
Authors: Sugisawa Takeshi , Igarashi Hajime
Published: October 2016

Energy‐harvesting devices have been developed for the use of voltage sources in low‐powered wireless sensors. Vibration energy harvesters generate electric power from ambient vibration of constructions such as bridges, tunnel walls, and power pylons. Vibration energy harvesters are required to have high power generation efficiency over a wide vibration frequency. This paper presents a vibration energy harvester in which closed magnetic circuits are formed aiming at high efficiency and double‐well potential is formed to have chaotic vibration to realize wide frequency‐range power generation. In particular, the conditions for emergence of chaotic vibration are clarified based on numerical analysis and experiments.
Activities of daily living and quality of life during treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and after surgery in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Haj Mohammad Nadia , De Rooij Sophia , Hulshof Maarten , Ruurda Jelle , Wijnhoven Bas , Erdkamp Frans , Sosef Meindert , Gisbertz Suzanne , van Berge Henegouwen Mark , Sprangers Mirjam , van Laarhoven Hanneke
Published: October 2016

Background and Objectives

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) followed by esophagectomy is a treatment with curative intent for resectable esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to measure activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QoL), and to examine correlates of changes in ADL and QoL.

Methods

A prospective study was performed with three time points (baseline, 1 week after the end of nCRT, 3‐months post‐surgery) together with a cross‐sectional post‐treatment study. ADL was measured with the Amsterdam Linear Disability Score (ALDS), and QoL with the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and the OES‐18. Regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with changes in ADL and QoL.

Results

Seventy‐six patients were included in the prospective study, 79 in the cross‐sectional study. After nCRT, ALDS decreased from 90 to 88 (P < 0.01) and remained stable after surgery. Global QoL decreased from 75 to 61 (P < 0.01); no significant changes were observed after surgery. Only timing of the measurement of ALDS was negatively associated with non‐maximum ALDS (n = 155, based on both studies) and QoL (n = 76) (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Patients who undergo nCRT plus surgery should be prepared to experience a short‐term decline in ADL and QoL. The findings of this study can support patients and healthcare workers to guide expectations. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:684–690. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel computer algorithm for modeling and treating mandibular fractures: A pilot study
Authors: Rizzi Christopher J. , Ortlip Timothy , Greywoode Jewel D. , Vakharia Kavita T. , Vakharia Kalpesh T.
Published: October 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To describe a novel computer algorithm that can model mandibular fracture repair. To evaluate the algorithm as a tool to model mandibular fracture reduction and hardware selection.

Study Design

Retrospective pilot study combined with cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

A computer algorithm utilizing Aquarius Net (TeraRecon, Inc, Foster City, CA) and Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe Systems, Inc, San Jose, CA) was developed to model mandibular fracture repair. Ten different fracture patterns were selected from nine patients who had already undergone mandibular fracture repair. The preoperative computed tomography (CT) images were processed with the computer algorithm to create virtual images that matched the actual postoperative three‐dimensional CT images. A survey comparing the true postoperative image with the virtual postoperative images was created and administered to otolaryngology resident and attending physicians. They were asked to rate on a scale from 0 to 10 (0 = completely different; 10 = identical) the similarity between the two images in terms of the fracture reduction and fixation hardware.

Results

Ten mandible fracture cases were analyzed and processed. There were 15 survey respondents. The mean score for overall similarity between the images was 8.41 ± 0.91; the mean score for similarity of fracture reduction was 8.61 ± 0.98; and the mean score for hardware appearance was 8.27 ± 0.97. There were no significant differences between attending and resident responses. There were no significant differences based on fracture location.

Conclusion

This computer algorithm can accurately model mandibular fracture repair. Images created by the algorithm are highly similar to true postoperative images. The algorithm can potentially assist a surgeon planning mandibular fracture repair.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:331–336, 2017
The Rhodococcus equi virulence protein VapA disrupts endolysosome function and stimulates lysosome biogenesis
Authors: Rofe Adam P. , Davis Luther J. , Whittingham Jean L. , Latimer‐Bowman Elizabeth C. , Wilkinson Anthony J. , Pryor Paul R.
Published: October 2016

Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) is an important pulmonary pathogen in foals that often leads to the death of the horse. The bacterium harbors a virulence plasmid that encodes numerous virulence‐associated proteins (Vaps) including VapA that is essential for intracellular survival inside macrophages. However, little is known about the precise function of VapA. Here, we demonstrate that VapA causes perturbation to late endocytic organelles with swollen endolysosome organelles having reduced Cathepsin B activity and an accumulation of LBPA, LC3 and Rab7. The data are indicative of a loss of endolysosomal function, which leads cells to upregulate lysosome biogenesis to compensate for the loss of functional endolysosomes. Although there is a high degree of homology of the core region of VapA to other Vap proteins, only the highly conserved core region of VapA, and not VapD of VapG, gives the observed effects on endolysosomes. This is the first demonstration of how VapA works and implies that VapA aids R. equi survival by reducing the impact of lysosomes on phagocytosed bacteria.
A nonlinear least‐squares‐based ensemble method with a penalty strategy for computing the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations
Authors: Tian Xiangjun , Feng Xiaobing
Published: October 2016

Since the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) are formulated mathematically as a constrained minimization problem, the existing numerical methods for computing the CNOPs were designed to solve the original constrained optimization problems by directly adapting some (constrained) optimization algorithms. Although such an approach is natural and convenient, it often results in inefficient and expensive numerical methods for computing the CNOPs. In this article we propose an alternative approach which is based on the idea of first transforming the original CNOP problem into a special unconstrained optimization problem (known as a nonlinear least‐squares problem) using a penalty strategy and then utilizing a more efficient Gauss–Newton iterative method, to solve the transformed (unconstrained) nonlinear least‐squares problem. Compared with the existing numerical methods, the proposed Gauss–Newton iterative method has some desired advantages: it is easy to implement and portable because it does not rely on any existing constrained optimization package; it is also fast, and highly efficient. These advantages and potential merits of the proposed method are demonstrated by several sets of evaluation experiments based on the viscous Burgers equation, the T21L3 quasi‐geostrophic model and the shallow‐water equation model, respectively.
Double EWMA‐Based Polynomial Quality Profiles Monitoring
Authors: Abdella Galal M. , Kim Jinho , Al‐Khalifa Khalifa N. , Hamouda Abdel Magid
Published: October 2016

Profile monitoring is useful whenever the quality is described by a relationship between a response and one or more of explanatory variables. It is conventional to refer to this relationship as Quality Profile. Despite the fact that there are numerous examples of the polynomial quality profiles in industrial practice, only few Phase II techniques are available in literature for monitoring these profiles. However, to promote this research context, we extend the applications of the double exponentially weighted moving average (dEWMA) statistic to include phase II of the Mth polynomial quality profiles. Some of existing methods have been modified in order to capture the nature of the dEWMA statistic under the polynomial profile monitoring. Their detection accuracy measured by the average run length performance is evaluated. To expand our comparison, the average run length performance of the multivariate cumulative sum and T2 are also subjected to evaluation as well. The comparative simulations showed the superior performance of the dEWMA‐based charting techniques in detecting changes in the parameters of the polynomial quality profiles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value or Volume?
Authors: Heeg Robert
Published: October 2016

Whilst the economic and social landscape in Europe is changing rapidly, growth in some of the major research markets seems to be stalling.
Translocation Pathway‐Dependent Assembly of Streptavidin‐ and Antibody‐Binding Filamentous Virus‐Like Particles
Authors: Kim Eun Joong , Jeon Chang Su , Hwang Inseong , Chung Taek Dong
Published: October 2016

Compared to well‐tolerated p3 fusion, the display of fast‐folding proteins fused to the minor capsid p7 and the major capsid p8, as well as in vivo biotinylation of biotin acceptor peptide (AP) fused to p7, are found to be markedly inefficient using the filamentous phage. Here, to overcome such limitations, the effect of translocation pathways, amber mutation, and phage and phagemid display systems on p7 and p8 display of antibody‐binding domains are examined, while comparing the level of in vivo biotinylation of AP fused to p7 or p3. Interestingly, the in vivo biotinylation of AP occurs only in p3 fusion and the fast‐folding antibody‐binding scaffolds fused to p7 and p8 are best displayed via a twin‐arginine translocation pathway in TG1 cells. The lower the expression level of the wild‐type p8 and the smaller the size of the guest protein, the better the display of Z‐domain fused to the recombinant p8. The in vivo biotinylated multifunctional filamentous virus‐like particles can be vertically immobilized on streptavidin (SAV)‐coated microspheres to resemble cellular microvilli‐like structures, which reportedly enhance protein–protein interactions due to dramatically expanded flexible surface area.
Enhanced Recovery Program in High‐Risk Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery: Results from the PeriOperative Italian Society Registry
Authors: Braga Marco , Pecorelli Nicolò , Scatizzi Marco , Borghi Felice , Missana Giancarlo , Radrizzani Danilo ,   PeriOperative Italian Society, Azzola Marco , Beretta Luigi , Bima Carlo , Bona Stefano , Bouzari Hedayat , Casiraghi Umberto , Ceretti Andrea Pisani , Crespi Michele , Ficari Ferdinando , Iuliani Riccardo , Maspero Marianna , Monzani Roberta , Muratore Andrea , Pellegrino Luca
Published: October 2016

Background

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways represent the optimal approach for patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Elderly or low physical status patients have been often excluded from ERAS pathways because considered at high risk. The aim of this study is to assess the adherence to ERAS protocol and its impact on short‐term postoperative outcome in patients with different surgical risk undergoing elective colorectal resection.

Methods

Prospectively collected data entered in an electronic Italian registry specifically designed for ERAS were reviewed. Patients were divided into four groups according to age (70‐year‐old cutoff) and preoperative physical status as measured by the ASA grade (I–II vs. III–IV). Adherence to 18 ERAS elements and postoperative outcomes were compared between groups. Regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with improved outcomes.

Results

Eleven Italian hospitals reported data on 706 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery within an ERAS protocol. Patients with low physical status had reduced adherence to preoperative carbohydrate loading, epidural analgesia, PONV prophylaxis, and early urinary catheter removal. No difference was found between groups for adherence to other perioperative elements. Major complications occurred in 37 (5.2 %) patients without significant differences among groups (p = 0.384). Median (IQR) time to readiness for discharge (TRD) was 4 (3–6) days, length of hospital stay (LOS) was 6 (4–7) days, and both were significantly shorter by only 1 day in the groups of younger patients (p < 0.001). At multivariate analysis, laparoscopy increased adherence to ERAS items and reduced TRD, LOS, and morbidity. A high ASA grade was significantly associated with lower adherence, whereas older age significantly prolonged TRD and LOS.

Conclusion

ERAS pathway can be safely applied in elderly and low physical status patients yielding slight differences in postoperative morbidity and time to recover. Laparoscopy was independently associated with increased adherence to ERAS protocol and improved short‐term postoperative outcome.
Veinte años de pensar el género
Authors: Palomar Verea Cristina
Published: October 2016

Se presentan los aprendizajes teórico-conceptuales obtenidos como resultado de 20 anos ˜ de trabajar en el campo de los estudios de género, a partir de la revisión de la evolución de este término y de la experiencia en dos ámbitos: la investigación empírica y la coordinación de un centro de estudios de género, que tuvo implicadas cuestiones teóricas, éticas y políticas. El punto de partida de este ejercicio reflexivo es la revisión de lo que significa o quiere significar el término género, para luego explicar lo que ha llegado a ser en nuestros días; de su utilidad, sus abusos, su potencial explicativo, sus límites y sus efectos perversos. Se concluye con el planteamiento de algunas cuestiones teóricas que abren nuevas líneas de reflexión sobre el campo de trabajo.
invitación al viaje y/o los archivos expiatorios. Reseña de la colección Escritos de mujeres siglos xvi al xviii
Authors: Priego María Teresa
Published: October 2016

La invitación al viaje y/o los archivos expiatorios. Reseña de la colección Escritos de mujeres siglos xvi al xviii
Impact of selective anti‐BMP9 treatment on tumor cells and tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Brand Verena , Lehmann Christian , Umkehrer Christian , Bissinger Stefan , Thier Martina , de Wouters Mariana , Raemsch Romi , Jucknischke Ute , Haas Alexander , Breuer Sebastian , Birzele Fabian , Racek Tomas , Reis Marco , Lorenzon Erica , Herting Frank , Stürzl Michael , Lorenz Stefan , Kienast Yvonne
Published: October 2016

The role of bone morphogenic protein 9 (BMP9) signaling in angiogenesis has been controversial, with a number of studies showing that it acts either as a pro‐angiogenic or, conversely, as an anti‐angiogenic factor in a context‐dependent manner. Notably, BMP9 was also reported to function in both pro‐ or anti‐tumorigenic roles during tumor progression. It has therefore remained unclear, whether selective BMP9 inhibition is a useful target for antibody therapy of cancer. To shed light on these questions, we characterized BMP9 expression in plasma of patients with different cancer indications and found elevated levels of pro‐domains and precursor BMP9 with a strong response in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These studies prompted us to evaluate the potential of selective anti‐BMP9 cancer therapy in RCC. We generated a novel monoclonal therapeutic antibody candidate, mAb BMP9‐0093, that selectively targets all different BMP9 variants but does not bind to the closest homolog BMP10. In vitro, mAb BMP9‐0093 treatment inhibited signaling, endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) production and spreading of endothelial cells and restored BMP9‐induced decrease in pericyte migration and attachment. Furthermore, BMP9‐mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of renal cell carcinoma cells was reversed by mAb BMP9‐0093 treatment in vitro. In vivo, mAb BMP9‐0093 showed significant anti‐tumor activity that was associated with an increase in apoptosis as well as a decrease in tumor cell proliferation and ET‐1 release. Furthermore, mAb BMP9‐0093 induced mural cell coverage of endothelial cells, which was corroborated by a reduction in vascular permeability, demonstrated by a diminished penetration of omalizumab‐Alexa 647 into tumor tissue. Our findings provide new evidence for a better understanding of BMP9 contribution in tumor progression and angiogenesis that may result in the development of effective targeted therapeutic interventions.
Meniscus growth during the wiping stage of intaglio (gravure) printing
Authors: Ceyhan Umut , Morris S. J. S.
Published: October 2016

During intaglio (gravure) printing, a blade wipes excess ink from the engraved plate with the object of leaving ink-filled cells defining the image to be printed. That objective is not completely attained. Capillarity draws some ink from the cell into a meniscus connecting the blade to the substrate, and the continuing motion of the engraved plate smears that ink over its surface. By examining the limit of vanishing capillary number ($Ca$, based on substrate speed), we reduce the problem of determining smear volume to one of hydrostatics. Using numerical solutions of the corresponding free-boundary problem for the Stokes equations of motion, we show that the hydrostatic theory provides an upper bound to smear volume for finite $Ca$. The theory explains why polishing to reduce the tip radius of the blade is an effective way to control smearing.