bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binocular Vision Status in Coal Miners
Authors: Mondal Animesh , Karmakar Sourav , Khan Eram , Bhardwaj Gaurav K. , Ahuja Ayushi
Published: September 2024

Context:

Low light in mines can cause ocular problems such as binocular vision impairment and poor hand–eye coordination. These eye diseases must be monitored.

Aims:

To evaluate the binocular vision status of coal mine workers.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective cross-sectional study of the coal mining industry in Digwadih, Jharkhand.

Methods and Material:

In the present study, 134 coal miners underwent a thorough, comprehensive ocular examination and binocular vision evaluation; seventy were excluded because of ocular disorders. After discussing the goals of the study, the subjects provided signed informed consent. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The normality of the data was then verified using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

Results:

All participants were male and aged between 25 and 35 years. Nonstrabismus binocular vision dysfunctions (NSBVDs) were observed in coal miners. Convergence insufficiency was the most prevalent factor. Apart from the NSBVD, many coal miners have a chalazion with the highest percentile of 11.2.

Conclusions:

Poor mine lighting causes NSBVD, which affects miners’ vision. Binocular vision defects may reduce productivity if not detected or treated.
Analysis of the Relationship between Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile and Occupational Profile to the WHO Cardiovascular Risk Chart 2019 for South-East Asia in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Akbar Freade , Sugiharto Agus , Putra Marsen Isbayu , Kekalih Aria , Soemarko Dewi S. , Firdaus Isman
Published: September 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a new 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction recommendation known as the WHO Cardiovascular Risk Chart 2019 (WHO CRC). However, there is currently no assessment available regarding the relationship between ASCVD classic and occupational profiles to WHO CRC, specifically in occupational settings and in the context of the Indonesian Heart Association’s (IHA) adjusted version of the WHO CRC for South-East Asia (WHO CRC-INA). This study aims to fill this gap by examining the relationship between classic (Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease) ASCVD and occupational profiles within the oil and gas industry, specifically the WHO CRC-INA. This study is analytical cross-sectional research data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression, with a significance level of P < 0.05. The research using total sampling method amounted to 240 workers from January to May 2022 of Medical Check Up (MCU) in a major oil and gas company. The ASCVD risk measurement instrument uses the final score of the WHO CRC-INA, grouped into low- and medium-high risk. Analysis showed that occupational profiles had a relationship with WHO CRC-INA medium-high risk, as seen in the bivariate analysis for shift work and work type (P = 0.018; OR = 2,045) had a relationship with WHO CRC-INA medium-high risk.
Late Onset of Renal Abscess Mimicking Malignancy in a Retransplant Female
Authors: Sundar Divya , Mathew Milly , Ramani Balaji , Abraham Georgi , Kumar Sunil
Published: September 2024

A 67-year-old female, a retransplanted kidney recipient from her daughter in 2012 on triple immunosuppressants with chronic kidney disease Stage IIIb, presented with fever, loss of appetite, right iliac fossa pain, and tiredness for 2 weeks. Her first kidney transplant was done in 1998 with external iliac vessels being used for the anastomosis. She is a diabetic, hypertensive, hypothyroid, and post-COVID status who had previously recurrent urinary tract infections since 2022. She was found to have a right iliac fossa mass at the site of the first kidney transplant, which was tender. Imaging including ultrasound and positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a metabolically active right iliac fossa mass infiltrating the anterior abdominal wall. Surgery revealed a mass and on histopathology revealed a renal abscess which grew Candida ciferrii and tissue culture grew Enterobacter cloacae. She was treated with injection levofloxacin and tablet posaconazole and she recovered. This patient was presented for the interesting finding of coinfection in the late posttransplant period.
Comparative Efficacy of Lorazepam and Risperidone in Hospitalized Cannabis-induced Psychotic Disorder
Authors: Jhalli Arshdeep , Sidana Ajeet , Arora Prinka
Published: September 2024

Background:

There is a lack of a standardized treatment protocol for cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD). Current practice involves using antipsychotics and benzodiazepines concurrently for treating CIPD.

Aim:

The index study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of lorazepam against risperidone in patients with CIPD.

Methods:

Hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of CIPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition were randomized to receive either lorazepam or risperidone orally. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Cannabis Withdrawal Scale, and the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire were administered at baseline and daily to assess the improvement in psychopathology, withdrawal, and craving over a period of 10 days. Monitoring was also done for any adverse effects associated with treatment.

Results:

A total of 40 patients with a diagnosis of CIPD were included; 20 each in lorazepam and risperidone group. Both groups were comparable with respect to baseline PANSS (P = 0.13) and YMRS (P = 0.92) scores. The baseline withdrawal score was higher in the risperidone group (P = 0.03). There was a significant reduction in PANSS and YMRS scores in both groups by day 5 and day 10 (values of <0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The degree of improvement during the initial 5 days was significantly more (P ≤ 0.001) than that observed from day 5 to day 10 in both groups.

Conclusion:

There was no statistically significant difference between lorazepam and risperidone groups in terms of improvement in PANSS and YMRS scores. The use of antipsychotic did not have any additional benefit in CIPD and was rather associated with more adverse effects.
Insights from Autopsy: Unveiling the Pathological Landscape of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Bhatia Jasvinder Kaur , Singh Navdeep , Sharma Pragya , Mishra Prabha Shankar , Goyal Neeti , Singh Vikram , Singh Shamresh Kumar , Tripathi Preeti , Nagyal Deepti
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammation of the pancreas that can lead to mortality, with the risk increasing according to disease severity. It can also cause sudden unexpected death.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to examine the clinicopathological aspects of death from AP, focusing on common etiology and postmortem histomorphological patterns.

Materials and Methods:

The autopsy files and hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of all cases from January 2017 to August 2023 were studied.

Results:

AP was established as the cause of death in 23 (7.3%) of 315 autopsies conducted during the study period. Most deaths occurred in the age group of 30–39 years. Alcohol was identified as the cause in 9 (39.1%) patients, whereas biliary etiology was found in 3 (13%) patients. Hyperlipidemia was observed in 2 (8.7%) patients, and 5 (21.7%) cases had underlying diabetes mellitus. In 9 (39.1%) patients, no clearly defined etiologic association could be established, and they were considered “idiopathic.” Nineteen patients (82.61%) died in the early phase, primarily due to multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, whereas 4 (17.39%) patients died in the late phase, primarily due to sepsis. Hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis was present in all patients with equal frequency across all etiologic subgroups.

Conclusion:

This study is one of the few in India to examine 23 autopsy cases of AP, providing valuable insights into the diverse manifestations and implications of this condition.
Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell injections for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinguang , Cui Cunbao , Lin Feng
Published: September 2024

Background:

There have not been any clear studies on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee.

Materials and Methods:

This study investigates the effects of different MSC dosages on pain alleviation in individuals with OA in the knee by conducting a meta-analysis of existing randomized controlled trials. Electronic resources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up until June 2023. Treatment effect sizes were computed using the knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Knee Society Score (KSS). Random or fixed effect models were applied to aggregate the data. We performed a subgroup analysis according to dosage level. The heterogeneity of the research was investigated using the Chi-square test and the I2 index.

Results:

The meta-analysis included 26 studies with a total sample size of 739 patients. A significant reduction in pain was observed 1 year and 2 years following the injection of MSCs into the injured joint, as indicated by the Visual Analogue Scale, WOMAC, KOOS, and KSS indexes (P < 0.05). Patients on MSCs reported much reduced pain after 1 and 2 years compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed no statistically significant variations in the effectiveness of MSC dosage (P < 0.05). The studies did not report any adverse effects.

Conclusion:

Different dosages of MSCs had the same pain-relieving effects on patients with OA in the knee. MSC injections were safe and beneficial in such cases.
Factors associated with progression and outcomes of primary biliary cholangitis: A cohort study, 2010-2019
Authors: Sajadi Sayed Mohammad Javad , Tamizifar Babak , Sanei Mohammad Hossein , Babak Anahita
Published: September 2024

Background:

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) can impact both the quality of life and the survival of patients. The study aimed to determine the survival rate and associated variables in patients with PBC.

Materials and Methods:

This cohort research comprised 65 patients diagnosed with PBC who were admitted to the pathology section between January 2010 and December 2019. Survival was determined by reviewing hospital medical data and following up with the patients. The impact of demographic factors, clinical, laboratory, and histopathological aspects on patient survival time was investigated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression.

Results:

The average period of follow-up was 6.25 years with a standard deviation of 3.2 years. In surviving patients, the baseline bilirubin level was 2.83, but in deceased or transplanted patients, it was 8.95 (P = 0.002). The baseline albumin level was 3.99 in surviving patients and 3.66 in deceased or transplanted patients (P = 0.024). The incidence of cirrhosis in those who survived was 1.8%, but in patients who died or underwent a transplant, it was 40%. Out of 65 cases, 3 patients (4.7%) died and 7 (10%) had liver transplants. Survival rates of patients vary based on factors such as jaundice (P = 0.002), weariness (P = 0.03), cirrhosis (P < 0.001), and vitiligo (P = 0.033). There were notable variations in the average Mayo score between the two groups of patients who had liver transplantation and survived, with scores of 7.21 and 5.61, respectively.

Conclusion:

The study found that aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, baseline and final bilirubin, albumin, antinuclear antibody, the presence of cirrhosis, and jaundice significantly influenced patient survival with PBC.
Prevalence of Sleep Deprivation and Cognitive Impairment in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Heda Sakshi , Kumar Sanjiv
Published: September 2024

Background:

Sleep deprivation and cognitive impairment represent significant issues among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, significantly impacting their daily activities and treatment journeys. The side effects of chemotherapy frequently contribute to disturbances in sleep and cognitive functions in these individuals. Recognizing the scope of these difficulties is essential for developing tailored interventions that cater to the specific requirements of cancer patients, ultimately improving their quality of life and treatment results.

Materials and Methods:

The research took place at a tertiary cancer care hospital, where 83 eligible chemotherapy patients were enlisted and assessed for sleep quality using the PSQI questionnaire and cognition using MoCA. Each questionnaire was administered only once. A PSQI total score of ≤5 indicated good sleep quality, while a score exceeding 5 indicated poor sleep quality. Similarly, a MoCA score below 26 suggested impaired cognition.

Results:

Among the entire sample, sleep deprivation was observed in 80.7% of chemotherapy patients, while cognitive impairment was identified in 44.6% of chemotherapy patients.

Conclusion:

The study deduces that sleep deprivation and cognitive impairment are exceedingly prevalent among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Unveiling the crucial role of oxidative stress on steroid hormone receptors
Authors: Ghosh Suvendu , Singha Partha Sarathi , Das Sourav , Ghosh Debosree
Published: September 2024

Oxidative stress is widely recognized as a major contributor to male infertility. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can interact with various cellular components, causing irreversible damage to the male reproductive system. This damage results in several adverse effects, including impaired sperm motility, abnormal spermatogenesis, sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and altered steroidogenesis. Furthermore, oxidative damage to steroid hormone receptors contributes to their functional impairment. These factors, individually or collectively, lead to infertility or subfertility in men. ROS can damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, with oxidative DNA damage potentially causing mutations, particularly in germ cells, as studies have shown. Such damage is also observed in steroid hormones and their receptors in men. Understanding the relationship between oxidative stress and its impact on genes is crucial for the accurate diagnosis, recognition, and treatment of male infertility. High-dose antioxidant supplementation, a beacon of hope, may eliminate, scavenge, or neutralize ROS, thereby mitigating ROS-induced genomic damage and oxidative harm to steroid hormones. Consequently, this approach may be considered the primary remedy against oxidative stress-induced male infertility.
Impact of telerehabilitation on the physical, physiological, and psychological parameters in individuals with diabetes
Authors: Khan Huma , Ali Kamran , Singla Deepika , Nasir Ibtasham
Published: September 2024

The primary objective of this critical review is to evaluate the effectiveness of telerehabilitation (TR) in managing physical, physiological, and psychological parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM has become a major global health concern, with complications that significantly impact the well-being and quality of life of affected individuals. The introduction of this review aims to elucidate the complexities of T2DM by discussing its prevalence, cardiovascular implications, and the crucial role of physical activity in its management. The study’s goal is clearly stated, focusing on a comprehensive assessment of electronically provided rehabilitation models to address the multifaceted aspects of T2DM. The methodology section details a systematic review covering reputable databases such as PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE, establishing a solid foundation for this review. Furthermore, recent empirical findings from a specific study provide valuable insights by demonstrating the positive effects of a 6-week TR program on individuals with T2DM. Including various modes of exercise supervision and their noticeable impact on HbA1c levels enhances the analytical depth of this review. In conclusion, this scholarly review acknowledges the evolving role of technology-based rehabilitation in healthcare and recognizes the promising findings from current studies. However, it emphasizes the need for further research, particularly larger, multi-centered randomized controlled trials, to refine the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and long-term interpretability of TR in the complex landscape of T2DM management. The primary aim of this review is to contribute to the academic discussion surrounding the integration of telehealth applications, particularly TR, as an essential component in the holistic care of individuals with T2DM.
An assessment of knowledge and use of family planning methods among married women of reproductive age in the urban field practice area of a medical college
Authors: Rathod Dilip S. , Naik Dhananjay B. , Shelke Ashok D. , Kesari Pallavi M. , Gore Harishchandra D. , Hosdodde Shashikant
Published: September 2024

Background:

The global population is projected to grow by 2.5 billion over the next 43 years, increasing from 6.7 billion to 9.2 billion by 2050. Unchecked population growth is recognized as a major barrier to national development.

Aim and Objective:

This study is intended to assess the knowledge and practice of family planning methods by women of reproductive age groups in an urban field practice area.

Materials and Methods:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 at a medical college’s urban field practice area. All married women of reproductive age (18–45 years) who attended the outpatient department were included.

Results:

The most widely used contraceptive method among the women studied was female sterilization, chosen by 92 women (79.31%). This was followed by oral contraceptive pills and Cu-T, each used by 61 women (52.58%), and condoms, used by 33 women (28.44%). However, only 67 out of 200 women (33.5%) were actively using contraception, with female sterilization being the most common method among them (35 women, 52.24%). Knowledge about emergency contraception was quite limited, with only 19 women (9.5%) being informed about it. The study found that awareness of contraception was significantly influenced by factors such as age, religion, lower educational background, lower monthly income, early age at marriage, early age at first childbirth, and more number of living children.

Conclusion:

The study shows that knowledge about contraception among the participants was inadequate. There is a critical need for enhanced advocacy and education regarding female reproductive health as well as family planning methods to improve awareness and utilization among reproductive-age women.
The range of endometrial pathologies in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding at a tertiary care center in central India
Authors: Siddiqui Rabia Parveen , Pandey Varsha , Chandrakar Sonal , Bhaskar Vanita
Published: September 2024

Background:

Endometrial disorders are among the most common gynecological conditions globally. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to any irregularity in the timing, volume, or pattern of menstrual blood flow. This study investigates the histopathological spectrum of endometrial changes across various age groups in patients presenting with AUB as their primary symptom.

Materials and Methods:

The study analyzed 226 endometrial biopsies/specimens collected over two years from patients with AUB as the main complaint. These specimens were processed, and slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were examined to determine the endometrial patterns. A chi-square test assessed the relationship between age and specific endometrial pathologies.

Observations and Results:

Most of the 226 cases were from perimenopausal women (40–49 years), representing 57% of the total, with proliferative endometrium being the most common pattern (40.9%). About 20% of the cases were in the reproductive age group (<40 years), where typical hyperplasia was the most prevalent pattern (45.7%). Additionally, 23% of the cases involved postmenopausal women (>49 years), with endometrioid carcinoma being the most frequent pattern observed. Other endometrial patterns included disordered proliferative endometrium, endometritis, endometrial polyps, Arias–Stella reaction, and progesterone effects.

Conclusion:

Patients with AUB present with a wide range of endometrial patterns, from normal cyclic endometrium to malignancies. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosing AUB, showing a significant association between endometrial lesions and age.
A study on histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic disease
Authors: Neral Arvind , Varma Ruchi , Grihi Priyanka , Mangrulkar Kasturi , Pandey Varsha , Bhaskar Vanita
Published: September 2024

Background:

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) represents a diverse group of conditions characterized by abnormal trophoblastic proliferation within the placenta. GTD includes benign and malignant lesions, ranging from complete and partial hydatidiform moles to more severe forms like invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTTs), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors. Given that neoplastic GTD lesions respond remarkably well to chemotherapy, early and accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial as it directly influences treatment and prognosis.

Aim and Objectives:

This study examined the histomorphological features of various types of GTD alongside key clinical factors such as age, parity, and gestational period.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology over the course of10 years, from January 2014 to January 2024. All cases of GTD confirmed through histopathological examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were included in the analysis.

Results:

Out of 60 diagnosed cases of GTD, 34 (56.66%) were complete hydatidiform moles, 22 (36.67%) were partial hydatidiform moles, 1 (1.67%) was an invasive mole, 1 (1.67%) was choriocarcinoma, and 2 (3.33%) were PSTTs. The age of the affected patients ranged from 18 to 45 years, with the highest incidence observed in the 20–25 year age group (30 cases, 50%). Most cases (33, 55%) occurred during the first trimester, with a predominance among primigravida patients (28 cases, 46.66%). The most common clinical presentation was per vaginal bleeding, reported in 56 cases (93.33%).

Conclusion:

Although GTD can lead to serious complications, including metastasis, it is treatable. In this study, the complete hydatidiform mole was the most frequently encountered lesion and is associated with a higher risk of severe complications such as persistent GTD, invasive moles, and choriocarcinoma. Thus, early and accurate histopathological diagnosis is vital for the timely initiation of therapy, ultimately reducing the mortality rate. This study highlights the various categories and histomorphological features of GTD, emphasizing the importance of understanding its clinical presentation to mitigate disease burden and complications.
A Simplified Version of the Chinese Tinnitus Disorder Scale and its Psychometric Characteristics
Authors: Jiang Di , Fu Ming , Wang Xianren
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aims to design a Concise and Practical Chinese Tinnitus Disorder Scale (CPCTDS), evaluate its psychometric measurement characteristics, and help doctors in making diagnoses and treatments. Methods: A sample of 482 tinnitus patients completed CPCTDS. The patients also completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI). Results: The eight items of CPCTDS were extracted through its exploratory factor analysis, which had strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.855). The correlations between the total scores of CPCTDS and Tinnitus Disability Inventory (TDI; r = 0.960, P < 0.05) and TFI (r = 0.749, P < 0.05) indicated a good criterion validity. The correlation of the CPCTDS emotional subscale with the TFI emotional subscale (r = 0.650, P < 0.05), CES-D (r = 0.488, P < 0.05), and BAI (r =.384, p< 0.05) showed that the convergent validity of CPCTDS was satisfactory. Conclusions: CPCTDS and the original Chinese version of TDI were highly reliable and valid. This finding shows that the two scales can be reliably used to assess the severity of tinnitus in clinical areas.
Noise is a Risk Factor for Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Anxiety
Authors: Zhu Jiao , Ren Xiaoyang , He Shuixiang , Mi Chen , Zhang Li , Zhou Dan , Luo Miaosha
Published: September 2024

Background: This work aimed to explore anxiety-associated risk factors in patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Clinical data from patients diagnosed with UC and hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between May 2019 and June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 260 patients were included and divided into UC with anxiety (n = 86) and UC without anxiety (n = 174) groups according to the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score. The quality of life and disease activity in patients with UC were assessed using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire and Mayo Score, respectively. Clinical data, disease characteristics, quality of life, disease activity, and noise exposure were compared between the groups, and factors contributing to anxiety in patients with UC were explored through multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of disease duration (P = 0.73), distribution of disease (P = 0.86), or medication use (P = 0.86). However, compared to UC patients without anxiety, those with anxiety were older (P < 0.05), predominantly female (P < 0.05), had lower quality of life (P < 0.05), experienced higher disease activity (P < 0.05), and had greater noise exposure (P < 0.05). The quality of life [odds ratio (OR) = 0.558, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.348–0.895, P = 0.02] was a protective factor for anxiety in patients with UC. Disease activity (OR = 1.680, 95% CI = 1.103–2.561, P = 0.02) and noise exposure (OR = 2.148, 95% CI = 1.084–4.106, P = 0.01) were significant risk factors for anxiety in patients with UC. Conclusion: Noise exposure and disease activity were associated with an increased risk of anxiety in patients with UC, whereas higher quality of life was protective against anxiety in UC patients.
Effects of Five-Element Music Stimulation in Perioperative Period on Sleep Status and Psychological Regulation in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Ren Zhihui , Xue Yanwen
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of five-element music therapy on sleep status during perioperative period and psychological regulation in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent orthopedic surgery from March 2021 to December 2023 in the Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups in accordance with the nursing time period. The control group (88 patients) received routine nursing, and the observation group (78 patients) received five-element music management in the perioperative period based on routine nursing. The management time was from admission to one week after surgery, with 30 min/times, TID. The sleep, physical signs, pain condition, and anxiety status of the two groups were compared on admission, before surgery, and one week after surgery. Results: On admission, no significant difference in the scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the pain rating index (PRI), and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). Before and one week after surgery, the PSQI, PRI, and SAS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) between the two groups on admission and one week after surgery (P > 0.05). Before surgery, the observation group had significantly lower indices of SBP, DBP, and HR than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Five-element music stimulation in the perioperative period can improve the pain and anxiety of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery and enhance their sleep status.
Music May Improve Negative Psychology of Stroke Rehabilitation Patients with Dysphagia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Zhao Li , Su Xiaoying , Zhang Xiangqing , Wang Liping , Li Xinglin , Fu Mei , Ye Fan
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aims to explore the effect of music therapy on improving the negative psychology of stroke rehabilitation patients with dysphagia. Methods: The medical records of 160 stroke rehabilitation patients with dysphagia admitted to Wuwei People’s Hospital from June 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the different clinical management programs, these patients were divided into the control group (n = 77, receiving routine clinical rehabilitation management) and the research group (n = 83, receiving routine clinical rehabilitation management + music therapy). The scores of the Standard Swallowing Assessment Scale (SSA), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the World Health Organization Five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5), as well as the levels of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), of the two groups were compared. Results: After treatment, there was no significant difference in SSA scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the treatment, the PHQ-9 score of the research group was lower than that of the control group, whereas the WHO-5 score was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After the treatment, the levels of DA and 5-HT in the research group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Music therapy for stroke rehabilitation patients with dysphagia can improve their negative emotions and quality of life to a certain extent, which may alleviate the condition of patients.
Clinical, Genetic, Biochemical, Hormonal, and Radiological Profile in Patients with Disorders of Sex Development Presenting at a Tertiary Care Center in Central India
Authors: Sinha Manisha B. , Sharma Charu
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Disorders of sexual differentiation or differences in sex development (DSD) is a congenital anomaly with abnormal differentiation between internal gonads and external genitalia. We present the clinical, genetic, biochemical, hormonal, and radiological profile of DSD patients who presented at a tertiary care institute in Chhattisgarh during 2 years.

Methodology:

All patients with DSD and age <18 years who presented in the Outpatient Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery between January 2022 and December 2023 (2 years) in All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, were included in this study. Our aim was to study the clinical, genetic, biochemical, hormonal, and radiological profile of patients with DSD presenting at our institute to outline the management plan in these patients.

Results:

During the study period, there were seven patients with DSD; with age ranging from 1 year to 15 years. Four patients presented in adolescent age. There were two patients with XXDSD – diagnosed to have classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency). There was one patient with XYDSD – androgen insensitivity. Four patients had ovotesticular DSD – two had pure gonadal dysgenesis and two had mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Four patients needed gender reassignment.

Conclusion:

Patients with DSD require a systematic management at a tertiary care center. Assigning the sex of rearing should be done only after proper workup of patients and arriving at a diagnosis. Proper counseling of parents and individualized management as per the Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons guidelines is mandatory.
Potential of AKNA as a Predictive Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer and Its Relationship to Tumor Grading
Authors: Rustamadji P , Wiyarta E , Miftahuzzakiyah M , Sukmawati D , Suryandari DA , Kodariah R
Published: September 2024

Background:

Ovarian cancer exhibits a significant prevalence and incidence on a global scale. Low-grade or high-grade epithelial-type ovarian cancer can be classified by using the dualistic model. Inflammation has been associated with AKNA protein by cancer researchers. The potential of AKNA as a cancer biomarker is supported by its significance and association with ovarian carcinoma. Uninvestigated is this enormous potential.

Aim:

This study examines the correlation between AKNA expression in low-grade and high-grade ovarian tumors and its utility as a predictive biomarker for ovarian cancer.

Methods:

This study examined a total of thirty-one samples, which were classified into three groups: cyst, low-grade, and high-grade ovarian carcinoma. The departmental archive was accessed for the following information: age, tumor size, nuclear grade, mitosis, ovary volume, implant tumor status, lymph vascular invasion status, lymph node metastasis, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte. The expression of AKNA was determined using IHC staining. The information was collected and analyzed via analysis of variance.

Results:

The AKNA H-score shows the mean difference between all three groups (P < 0.001). Cysts had the highest AKNA expression, followed by low-grade and high-grade ovarian carcinoma.

Conclusion:

Higher-grade ovarian cancer expressed less AKNA compared to cysts or low-grade forms of the disease. This considerable difference suggests that AKNA might predict ovarian cancer tumor grade.
Commentary on “Electroacupuncture Inhibited Spinal Glial Activation in Neuropathic Pain via Glucagon-like Peptide 1/Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Signaling”
Authors: Karatas Hulya
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Neuropathic pain represents a significant clinical challenge due to its complex etiology and limited treatment options. Traditional pharmacological approaches, particularly opioid therapy, are associated with significant side effects and risk of abuse, highlighting the urgent need for alternative strategies. In recent years, nonpharmacological interventions such as acupuncture and electroacupuncture have gained attention for their potential efficacy in managing neuropathic pain. Further research combining nonpharmacological interventions with targeting signaling pathways could lead to the development of innovative strategies for the management of neuropathic pain and improve the quality of life for patients suffering from this debilitating condition.
Different Muscles, Lower Cutoff Values: Does it Truly Improve the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Repetitive Nerve Stimulation in Myasthenia Gravis?
Authors: Sayan Saadet , Darol Elif Sarıca , Tunç Abdulkadir
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) compared with single-fiber electromyography (SF-EMG) in generalized myasthenia gravis (MG).

Aims:

The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic sensitivity of RNS in various muscles and assess the effect of varying decrement cutoff values on diagnostic efficacy.

Setting and Design:

This was a prospective study of 34 confirmed generalized MG patients.

Subjects and Methods:

RNS was performed on five muscles. Clinical features, autoantibody presence, and SF-EMG jitter rates recorded from the frontalis muscle were analyzed. Patients were classified according to the MG Foundation of America classification.

Statistical Analysis:

SPSS version 23 was used for descriptive statistics, comparisons of categorical and quantitative data, and correlation analysis, with the significance level set at P < 0.05.

Results:

Among the patients (58.8% males and mean age = 59.47 ± 13.37 years), SF-EMG detected increased jitter in 91.2%, whereas RNS identified a significant decrease of 50% across at least one muscle. The decremental response was >10% in the abductor digiti minimi (ADM), trapezius, nasalis, abductor pollicis brevis, and extensor indicis proprius muscles in 5.9%, 26.5%, 29.4%, 11.8%, and 29.4% of patients, respectively. A sensitivity improvement at lower decrement values was observed only in the ADM muscle. A significant correlation was found between decreases in the trapezius muscle and seropositivity.

Conclusions:

Optimal muscle selection improves RNS diagnostic accuracy in MGs. The study recommends incorporating the spinal accessory and radial nerves in RNS due to their high sensitivity, although modifying the decrement cutoff value has a limited overall effect.
Seizure Outcome and Predicting Factors in Adult Patients with Phenylketonuria: Single-center Experience
Authors: Yildiz Meryem Senem , Dericioglu Nese
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide. If left untreated, it causes neuropsychiatric sequelae, with seizures being a common occurrence. There is little information about the clinical features of epilepsy, electroencephalography (EEG) findings, and factors related to seizure outcomes in adult patients. We aimed to investigate these variables in adult PKU patients.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective search in our database using the keywords “PKU and epilepsy” for the period between 2008 and 2022. Demographic, clinical, EEG, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the patients were extracted from the electronic health records. Scalp EEG and MRI findings were reassessed. Phenylalanine (Phe) levels of the cases were retrieved. The potential correlation between seizure outcome and laboratory findings was analyzed.

Results:

Ten patients (4 females; aged: 19–55 years) were included. Seizure onset was various. The most common seizure type was bilateral tonic-clonic. Nine patients were on antiseizure medications (ASMs); seven were seizure-free. EEG background activity was slow in four patients, with paroxysmal discharges in eight individuals. The most frequent MRI finding was periventricular white matter hyperintensity. No correlation existed between seizure outcome and clinical, EEG, MRI results, or Phe levels. Seizure freedom was more common in patients with good dietary compliance.

Conclusion:

Bilateral tonic–clonic seizures were the most common type of seizure, accompanied by frequent paroxysmal activity in EEG. MRI scans revealed periventricular white matter hyperintensity. Seizure freedom was commonly achieved with ASMs, irrespective of blood Phe levels. Nevertheless, dietary compliance may play a role in seizure control.
Unlocking vitiligo’s metal code: an analytical cross-sectional study of serum levels of trace elements in vitiligo patients
Authors: Singh Sonal , Singh Shivani , Tiwari Vandana , Agarwal Soumya , Singh Chhaya , Singh Vikram
Published: September 2024

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder often associated with social stigma and having a significant psychological impact on patients. The study aimed to determine the correlation between serum levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and Cu/Pb, Cu/Hg, Cu/Cd, Se/Hg, Se/Pb, Se/Cd, Zn/Hg, Zn/Pb, and Zn/Cd ratios in vitiligo patients. Materials and methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, we enrolled 110 vitiligo patients as cases and 110 normal adults as controls. VIDA (Vitiligo Disease Activity Score) and VASI (Vitiligo Area Severity Index) were used to assess the activity and severity of vitiligo in patients. Venous blood samples of all study participants (aged >12 years) were examined for serum levels of Zn, Cu, Se, Pb, Hg, and Cd using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. SPSS.21 version software was used for the analysis of the data. Results: We noted a statistically significant (p-value < 0.05, student’s t-test) difference in mean serum levels of Cu, Zn, and Se (microgram/liter) between cases and controls, denoted as 1370.67 ± 484.36 versus 2887.30 ± 3744.15, 1324.50 ± 555.02 versus 1603.81 ± 551.03, 248.95 ± 120.06 versus 287.15 ± 117.37, respectively. A significantly low serum level of Se was observed in female vitiligo patients, unlike controls. Vegetarian patients had low levels of Pb (p-value <0.05) in comparison to non-vegetarian patients. Significantly low Zn/Hg and Cu/Hg ratios were observed in cases compared to controls. Limitations: Our study was limited by a small sample size. Being an observational study done from a single center, chances of inclusion of patients from a limited geographical area cannot be ruled out. Conclusion: Low levels of Zn, Cu, and Se could play a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo, which can vary based on the gender and diet pattern of the patient.
The Greatest Challenges of Pediatric Critical Care Pulmonology in the After-COVID Era: A Narrative Review
Authors: Oberender Felix
Published: September 2024

The COVID pandemic has had a profound effect on pediatric intensive care and especially on pediatric critical care pulmonology. The indirect impacts caused by the most profound global healthcare challenge in a generation continue to define the current post-COVID era. This era is characterized by postpandemic surges in acute pediatric respiratory illness, disruption of seasonal disease patterns, and an apparent increase in disease severity with a rise in complicated pneumonia as well as associated severe sepsis and septic shock. The consequent demand is met by pediatric intensive care units that are recovering from the strain of the pandemic but also building on progress made during a time of great challenges.
Investigation of natural radioactivity and its associated radiological parameters in different tiles used in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Mary Karolin , George Shanthi
Published: September 2024

Radiological parameters resulting from different tiles commonly used in homes and offices in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India were assessed in this study by carrying out radioactivity measurement of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) in them using a NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The tiles’ respective mean activity concentrations were about 49.2 Bqkg−1 for 226Ra, 49.3 Bqkg−1 for 232Th, and 479 Bqkg−1 for 40K. Radiological parameters such as radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and gamma index were evaluated. The calculated mean absorbed dose rate is slightly higher than the world average values. The geometric mean of radium equivalent activity, annual effective dose, and gamma index are well within the recommended limit and hence do not pose any risk when used as building materials. The findings will be helpful for creating guidelines and standards for the proper utilization of these materials.
Optimizing radiation exposure in dynamic radioactive environments: Dynamic ACO-RRT* path planning algorithm
Authors: Hong Kwon Ryong , Kim Hyok , Kim Tae Song , Pak Jae Yon
Published: September 2024

Radioactive environments are often dynamic for various reasons, such as the dismantling of nuclear facilities, leakage of radiation sources, and nuclear accidents. Path planning in a dynamic radioactive environment is one of the important issues in radiation protection for nuclear facility workers. In traditional dynamic optimal path planning, there are phenomena, in which the optimal path is not found within the allowable time or the quality of the path searched within the allowable time is low. To solve this problem, we propose a hybrid algorithm that combines meta-heuristic and sample-based algorithms, called dynamic ant colony optimization-rapidly exploring random tree star (ACO-RRT*). A low-level grid optimal path consisting of grid vertices is obtained by the ACO algorithm, and then it is further refined by the RRT* algorithm. At every instant of environmental change, the vertices of the grid optimal path are divided into vertices with and without samples, and new samples are generated only around vertices without samples. Sampling optimization is performed only around the grid optimal path using new samples and already existing samples. Simulations in a virtual radioactive environment showed that the proposed algorithm reduces computational costs and improves the quality of the optimal path compared to traditional algorithms.
A concise literature survey on the toxic effects of beryllium on aquatic organisms and plants – Notion behind establishing beryllium-based (waste) effluent’s discharge criteria and its adequacy
Authors: Kumar Munish , Chauhan Ankur , Srivastava Alok
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a concise review of the literature on the effects of beryllium (Be) on aquatic animals, as well as the effect of uptake of Be on the growth of some of the aquatic organisms and plants is compiled when studies are performed in water-based nutrient solutions containing Be. After referring to various important international reports published by different agencies such as the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Environmental Protection Agency, and World Health Organization (WHO), as well as other literature papers available on the topic over last (70–80) years, a compilation of different studies on the effect of toxicity of Be on aquatic animals, organisms, and some plants is reported. Furthermore, information on different limits/levels for the protection of marine and aquatic organisms, as recommended by various international agencies, is included. Based on the studies available in the literature, the reasons behind the establishment of discharge criteria for Be-based effluents are included in the paper. Information on the limits of Be in drinking water, as recommended by various international agencies, are also reported. It is hoped that the compiled information will provide comprehensive details about the effects of Be toxicity on plants, aquatic organisms, etc., and will be useful to researchers worldwide in understanding the toxicology of Be as well as in understanding the reasons behind the selection of 0.10 ppm as the discharge criteria for Be-based effluents adopted previously by countries such as USA, UK, and India. Based on the literature information, it has been argued that the discharge criteria of 0.10 ppm for Be-based waste effluents adopted almost 60 years earlier is still adequate and relevant as adverse effects of Be on aquatic animals, plants, etc., are reported to be at Be concentrations >0.10 ppm or so even for highly sensitive organisms. Be enters the environment mainly through industrial pollution; waste management of Be contaminants is a challenge. The present review also includes the recently reported information on the effective management of Be prevalent in liquid/aqueous media and various studies on behavior of Be in soils, techniques for sorption, and related chemical and physical processes associated.