bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les étrangers ont-ils des données personnelles ?
Authors: Foegle Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2016

La suspicion permanente à l’égard des étrangers conduit inévitablement à rationaliser et à améliorer l’efficacité des contrôles. Face à l’indispensable efficience gestionnaire de la « lutte contre le risque migratoire », les principes qui président à la protection des données personnelles pèsent de moins en moins.
Un contrat au service de l’identité nationale
Authors: Gourdeau Camille
Published: October 2016

Depuis 2006, les personnes étrangères s’installant en France doivent signer un contrat d’accueil et d’intégration et suivre une formation linguistique et civique lors de laquelle l’histoire de France est mise en récit. La construction de ce roman national et la présentation des valeurs « républicaines » de la France, encore accentuée par la loi de 2016 qui transforme le CAI en contrat d’intégration républicaine, en disent long sur la manière dont les autorités envisagent l’intégration des « primo-arrivants ».
Comment penser l’enfance ici et ailleurs ?
Authors: Bâ Idrissa , Faye Papa Lamine , Habib Thiam Mamadou
Published: October 2016

Les nombreux problèmes sociaux (violence, délinquance, etc.) que connaissent nos villes aujourd’hui ne cessent d’interroger les politiques et les professionnels de l’enfance et de l’adolescence. Les transformations profondes de nos sociétés ont bouleversé les familles africaines, tant dans leurs structures que dans leur fonctionnement. L’auteur, à travers une description de la société traditionnelle africaine, met en évidence la place de l’enfant au sein de la communauté, ainsi que le rôle et les responsabilités de cette dernière auprès de l’enfant dans le but d’en faire l’adulte de demain.
Des rêves aux réalités, pour aujourd’hui... et pour demain
Authors: Rapoport Danielle
Published: October 2016

En 1996, les fées penchées sur le berceau de Spirale , fortes de trois décennies créatives, avaient de bien jolis noms, porteurs de rêves réalisés : le printemps des crèches, l’éveil du tout-petit ou le plaisir partagé, l’intégration du jeune enfant porteur de handicap et l’Action médico-sociale précoce, Lóczy et le maternage insolite, la naissance sans violence, les compétences du nouveau-né et le tissage des liens, l’Opération pouponnières, la Maison verte, l’ afirem et son combat contre la maltraitance, l’humanisation de la pédiatrie hospitalière et Sparadrap... Un néologisme les résumait tous : bien-traitance. Alors, quand Spirale a grandi, quelques Carabosse ont surgi : empêchons-les de nuire pour que nous continuions de « Construire ensemble la politique de l’Enfance » !
La Madone pratiquait-elle l’éducation positive ?
Authors: Sanguet Marcel
Published: October 2016

L’étude d’un tableau de Max Ernst, La Vierge corrigeant Jésus devant trois témoins : André Breton, Paul Éluard et le peintre , est l’occasion d’interroger les idéologies éducatives actuelles comme la parentalité positive. À l’instar d’autres discours, y compris parfois celui se prétendant psychanalytique, la parentalité positive imagine une emprise (bienveillante) de l’adulte sur le développement de l’enfant qui conduira ce dernier à réaliser le désir du parent. Rien n’est moins sûr.
Responsables mais pas coupables, les parents ?
Authors: Neyrand Gérard
Published: October 2016

Il s’agit dans cet article de problématiser la notion de responsabilité parentale, afin de déconstruire les usages indus de celle-ci, par exemple dans le discours sur la démission parentale des parents d’enfants ayant commis des actes délictueux. Sont alors mis en évidence les risques du parentalisme : dénier l’inscription des parents dans les rapports sociaux, naturaliser les rôles de sexe, et réduire le parent à sa fonction éducative, en le déniant comme sujet individuel et acteur social. La réponse n’est-elle pas dans l’élaboration d’une véritable coéducation ?
Culpabilité
Authors: Missonnier Sylvain
Published: October 2016

L’histoire de Mme C., rencontrée dans le cadre d’un suivi d’infertilité et dans le contexte d’un deuil récent d’un bébé de 4 mois, rappelle que forces de vie et de mort sont à l’oeuvre dans toute clinique des origines, qui confronte immanquablement à la passion de la douleur tragique. L’élaboration de la culpabilité inconsciente apparaît comme un défi majeur en périnatalité, tout comme accueillir et contenir ces passions archaïques pour ne pas en éteindre la flamme créatrice individuelle et collective.
Quand parents et professionnels répondent de leur idéal...
Authors: Clerget Joël
Published: October 2016

Toute parentalité, toute professionnalité est à construire. Parmi les empêchements d’une parentalité ou professionnalité prévenante, il y a ce fantasme effronté d’être un parent ou un professionnel idéal... et idéalisé. L’idéalisme fait fi de la parole adressée au bébé et de l’appel de son nom pour l’enfermer dans un culte des idées et des images.
Les bébés sont des sujets politiques
Authors: Giampino Sylviane
Published: October 2016

Spirale a 20 ans, l’Anapsy.pe, 30, et depuis toutes ces années, le travail n’a cessé, fil à fil, lien à lien, pour donner toute sa place au sujet bébé, dans les lieux d’accueil de la petite enfance. Le rapport Giampino témoigne de ce nouvel engagement des professionnels de toutes disciplines, en 2016, pour le développement et l’épanouissement du jeune enfant, de la naissance à 3 ans. Sont ici rappelés historique et cadre de ce rapport, ainsi que les grandes particularités développementales des enfants qui l’ont orienté.
Les bébés ont la vie dure !
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: October 2016

La vie des bébés n’est un paradis perdu que dans le cadre de nos reconstructions d’adultes. Les bébés vivent des choses intenses et parfois difficiles, ce que l’auteur essaye d’illustrer ici au fil de différentes problématiques développementales : la vie sensorielle du fœtus, la situation originaire, la mise en place des enveloppes, des liens et des relations, le creusement de l’écart intersubjectif et l’instauration des liens primitifs, le conflit esthétique, l’agressivité de vérification de la solidité de l’objet, les avatars de l’attachement et, enfin, la crise des 2 ans et demi.
S’élever soi-même...
Authors: Rateau Dominique
Published: October 2016

Est-ce vraiment si difficile d’élever les bébés ? Dans le cadre de la réflexion proposée pour fêter les 20 ans de la revue Spirale, la grande aventure de Monsieur bébé , Dominique Rateau  propose de créer des ponts entre éducation des bébés et nécessité de s’élever soi-même... Comment les arts, la culture, la lecture en général, et celle des albums en particulier, contribuent à développer en chacun la capacité d’aiguiser son regard et la possibilité de jouer de soi pour trouver sa juste place...
Est-ce si difficile de faire exister la musique auprès des jeunes enfants ?
Authors: Bouteloup Philippe
Published: October 2016

« Je ne sais pas chanter », « je chante faux... » Combien de fois avons-nous entendu ces phrases et commentaires à propos de la chanson ? Quel peut être le rôle de la musique, des paroles, du chant adressé dans le développement de l’enfant et son rapport au monde ? La musique a besoin de passeurs et de lieux de passage. La chanson jeune public a longtemps souffert de cette vision « mineure ». Or, le concert jeune public n’est pas un sous-concert donné par les artistes d’un sous-genre à de jeunes sous-spectateurs.
Atmosphère, environnement, culture
Authors: Vamos Julianna , Adjedj Pierre-Jérôme
Published: October 2016

La présence d’artistes résidents à la maternité des Bluets contribue à créer un environnement où les parents peuvent ralentir et se détoxiquer du rythme urbain actuel. Les propositions artistiques soutiennent la disponibilité et la présence de tous les protagonistes dans ces moments sacrés autour de la naissance. L’évolution naturelle du projet est d’ancrer plus encore la présence artistique dans l’écosystème de l’hôpital, afin de contribuer à son évolution.
Une autre idée du temps
Authors: Denat Patricia
Published: October 2016

Quelques minutes, une heure, un instant, l’instant présent, ici et maintenant. La vie des tout-petits est ainsi faite, de ces moments tous importants, riches de découvertes, d’émotions. Ils ont tant à faire sur ces premières années, et si peu de temps pour grandir, finalement. Alors il nous incombe de ne pas les inonder d’horaires, d’impératifs et d’objectifs dont ils n’ont que faire. Leur seule mission est de découvrir, nous découvrir et se découvrir, à leur rythme. La nôtre est de les accompagner, de les réaliser plus que de nous réaliser, de leur apporter le bonheur plus que de construire le nôtre. Alors ils seront heureux, nos bébés, et nous rendront heureux.
« Les nuits sont enceintes, et nul ne connaît le jour qui naîtra »
Authors: Fontanges-Darriet Marianne
Published: October 2016

L’émergence de l’échographie fœtale, en instaurant un éclairage médicalisé sur sur deux sujets, la mère et l’enfant, a modifié l’image immémoriale de la représentation de la femme enceinte. L’analyse de ce changement des comportements, des institutions et de l’encadrement législatif est particulière à la France. Les difficultés de l’annonce et quelques solutions pour en réduire l’impact traumatisant sont proposées.
« Viens à la maison, y a le printemps qui chante »
Authors: Im-Coste Virginie
Published: October 2016

Sortir de l’hôpital ne signifie pas être rentré chez soi, et rentrer chez soi pour le bébé et ses parents ne peut correspondre à « être hospitalisé à la maison ». Les soins à l’enfant malade chez lui sont prodigués par des parents métamorphosés en « aidants », et par des soignants de l’hospitalisation à domicile confrontés à une chambre peu hospitalière. Les territoires de l’intime trompent la cartographie du projet de soins à domicile : lieux, temps et logiques vont faire dérailler les bonnes intentions soignantes. Cette clinique incertaine dans un lieu de soin inédit va pourtant conduire chacun à se dégager de l’impératif hospitalier pour reprendre route.
Avant-propos
Authors: Bishop William T. , Burger Léna , Farjat Juliette , Griffe Joëlle , Guillibert Paul , Krickeberg Memphis , Loris Marius , Saint-Saëns Isabelle , Tijou Brigitte
Published: October 2016

Résumé Sous les pavés, la classe et les races
Extension et diffusion du maintien de l’ordre en France
Authors: Jobard Fabien
Published: October 2016

Résumé Métamorphoses et continuité dans la police française
Les 120 jours de Babel
Authors: Gallo Lassere Davide
Published: October 2016

Résumé En tête de cortège
L’hégémonie de la sécurité
Authors: Krickeberg Memphis , Guillibert Paul
Published: October 2016

Résumé Une sécurité à géométrie variable : l’ordre sécuritaire selon une logique de classe et de race.
Klaxons
Authors: Bishop William T.
Published: October 2016

Résumé Balade printanière par gros temps
Anti-sécurité : une déclaration
Authors: Neocleous Mark , Rigakos George S. , Krickeberg Memphis
Published: October 2016

Résumé Parler de sécurité sans créer davantage de savoir sécuritaire
26 h 30 de folie
Authors: Marty Éric
Published: October 2016

Résumé Récit d’une garde à vue
Répressions et résistances
Authors: Rigouste Mathieu , Farjat Juliette , Guillibert Paul , Krickeberg Memphis , Loris Marius
Published: October 2016

Résumé État d’urgence, mode d’emploi.
Révolution, touche replay
Authors: Bortzmeyer Gabriel
Published: October 2016

Résumé Des images pour saisir le mouvement social
Vers une politique ludique de l’inclusion mutuelle
Authors: Massumi Brian , Bordeleau Erik
Published: October 2016

Résumé Trente millions d’amis
À propos de Sébastien Smirou, Un temps pour se séparer (notes sur Robert Capa)
Authors: Scott Diane
Published: October 2016

Résumé Transfert épistolaire
Une politique de la phrase
Authors: Segré Ivan , Guillibert Paul , Izambert Caroline , Martin Jérome
Published: October 2016

Résumé Qui est antisémite ?
Bir-Hakeim, parking occupé
Authors: Mekdjian Sarah , Gladeema Nasruddin
Published: October 2016

Résumé Pour une exposition mémorielle sur un camp à Grenoble
(cosmiques joyeux)
Authors: Lenoir Nicolas
Published: October 2016

Résumé Poèmes
Saboteur, interpole : un programme d’action littéraire
Authors: Rabau Sophie
Published: October 2016

Résumé L’interpolation décomplexée : saboter en douce encore et toujours. Quand on veut arrêter un saboteur, on appelle Interpol. Mais que faire pour devenir soi-même saboteur ou saboteuse ? Il faut interpoler, nous dit Sophie Rabau à la barbe fleurie…
De l’être en retard / 2
Authors: Potte-Bonneville Mathieu
Published: October 2016

Résumé De l’être (toujours) en retard.
Afrique du Sud : Les enjeux du gaz de schiste
Authors: Lafargue  François
Published: October 2016

Les Sud-Africains subissent régulièrement depuis plusieurs années des interruptions de distribution d’électricité, provoquées par la forte hausse de la demande, qui n’a pas été correctement anticipée et par la vétusté des installations. Les pouvoirs publics qui souhaitent réduire l’utilisation du minerai de charbon envisagent l’exploitation des réserves de gaz de schiste, jugées très prometteuses. Cet article rappelle la situation énergétique délicate du pays, puis présente l’intérêt et les limites d’une telle exploitation du gaz non conventionnel en Afrique du Sud. Le gaz de schiste est-il une solution au défi énergétique du pays et à quel prix ?
What Drives Citizens to Engage in ICT-Enabled Citizen Science?
Authors: Gharesifard Mohammad , Wehn Uta
Published: October 2016

In order for citizen science initiatives to pan out well, various actors need to be willing to engage in citizen science activities. The particular interest in this chapter lies with the citizens and their motivations to participate in ICT-enabled citizen science since, arguably, without citizen participation, there is no citizen science activity. The authors examine in detail what determines citizens' interest to share their weather-related data collected with Personal Weather Stations via online amateur networks and how these citizen activities could be up-scaled to address prevalent hydro-meteorological data gaps. A decision making theory is used to guide empirical research in three European countries. The results indicate no regional differences between the main drivers and incentives and raise the question whether weather observation is still a male-dominated activity in the digital age which would have implications for upscaling this citizen science initiative.
Reliability Analysis of Engineering Systems
Authors: Hejazi Taha-Hossein , Poursabbagh Hossein
Published: October 2016

Nowadays, reliability and reliability-based design in any system has become very important. There are some parts in many systems that designing their test process take too much time and money in order to be analyzed for their reliability. Boilers, as the hearts of plants, contain various components. One of the most important components is Super-heater tubes. Creep failure is the most common failure mode in these tubes which grows faster by increasing the temperature. Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) is used to study the performance of a component under high stress in a short period of time and use of the test result in order to assess the performance of the component under design stress in a desired lifetime. In this chapter, the reliability of Super-heater boiler tubes in plants was examined by applying ALTs. The obtained results indicated that considering the life of components at the beginning of the test, reusing them under the same stress did not exhibit desirable reliability. Furthermore, some recommendations have been suggested to improve the reliability.
The Internet of Things and Assistive Technologies for People with Disabilities
Authors: Lee Hwa
Published: October 2016

With the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the past two decades have seen a proliferation of Assistive Technology (AT) and its enabling impact on the lives of people with disabilities in the areas of accessing information, communication, and daily living activities. Due to recent emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), the fields of rehabilitation, healthcare, and education are challenged to incorporate the IoT applications into current AT services. While IoT applications continue to be developed and integrated into AT, they are still at a primitive stage where clear guidelines are yet to be developed and benefits are yet to be substantiated to ensure the quality of lives of people with disabilities. This chapter provides an overview of the IoT and AT integrated applications based on the building blocks of the IoT, along with recent trends and issues relevant to accessing technology for people with disabilities.
Comparative Analysis of Exergy and Efficiency for Stratified Thermal Storage Tank with Solar Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Collectors
Authors: Sukchai Sukruedee , Mensin Yodthong , Wansungnern Wikarn
Published: October 2016

In recent years, solar water heating technology has got the major importance in water heating applications. For the efficient and effective working of solar water heaters, storage of the hot water is the main issue in this water heating technologies. This paper mainly presents the exergy and efficiency comparison between the solar flat plate water heater and evacuated tube water heater. A five level stratified thermal storage tank is designed and developed for this analysis. At each level of the tank, temperature of the water is collected for each one hour interval from 9:00 to 16:00 hours in both cases and the overall exergy and efficiency of the two water heaters were calculated. The average efficiency of all the levels for flat plate and evacuated tube collectors are 7.91% and 8.20% respectively. The overall system efficiency is obtained as 39.54% for flat plate and 41.00% for evacuated tube solar collector. At each level exergy is calculate for both systems and the average exergy of all the levels for flat plate collector is 4.243 kW and for evacuated tube solar collector is 4.371 kW.
Production of Activated Carbon from Moldy Damaged Tamarind-Pod
Authors: Moonsri Piyarut , Pongpian Wilaiporn , Moonsri Kristiya
Published: October 2016

This research studied production of activated carbon (AC) derived from tamarind pods damaged by mold. Folk wisdom kiln which manufactured from an oil tank size of 200 L was used for pyrolysis and carbonization of tamarind pod derived from sweet and sour tamarinds. The AC was produced by using chemical activation and thermal activation at the optimal condition. Then the physical and chemical properties of the AC were investigated. From the study, it was found that optimal condition for charcoal carbonization of the tamarind pod was 400 °C for 4 hrs. The optimal condition for thermal activation was 600 °C for 1-2 hrs. The phosphoric acid (H3PO4) showed higher effectiveness for activation than distillation water (H2O), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The produced AC has specific surface area of 851.58-910.31 m2/g (BET Theory), a pore volume of 2.24-2.32 cm3/g with an average pore radius of 50.90 to 52.53 Å, iodine number of 613.9-654.8 mg/g, phenols adsorption of 61.7-83.1% and apparent density 0.4528 g/cm3. The results from proximate analysis shown that the AC has the moisture content of 6.81-7.54% (wt), the ash content of 6.58-7.31% (wt), the volatile matter of 38.26-40.12% (wt) and the fixed carbon of 52.57-55.16% (wt). The performance of the AC for acetic acid adsorption according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm exhibited a monolayer adsorption isotherm and the AC adsorbed the acetic acid well and strength. Therefore the produced AC can be further used for filter material in small water treatment.
Synthesis and Study of Naphthoquinones Derivatives
Authors: Klinchan Chayada , Namngam Rattiya , Sitsongkham Anek , Chuawong Pitak
Published: October 2016

In this research, we reported the study and synthesis of naphthoquinones intermediate compounds lead to the target naphthoquinones derivatives product. Naphthoquinones derivatives have long been known to display anticancer and antimalarial activity in addition to a wide variety of other bioactivities. Moreover, it has been reported to possess antimalarial disease against Plasmodium falciparum. The naphthoquinones derivatives product (5) were synthesized by coupling with 2-(3-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1-methoxynaphthalene (4) and methyl ketone fatty acid (3). The 2-(3-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1-methoxynaphthalene (4) was constructed by 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1) in 5 steps with good to excellent yield. The synthetic pathway was started with the methylation provided the methyl ester naphthoquinones compound in 93% yields. Then, the reduction of methyl ketone by using LiAlH4 gave the alcohol compound in 90% yields. Methyl alcohol was changed to the alkyl bromide using PBr3 in 75% yield. The alkylation reaction between compound and methyl isobutyl ketone by LDA as a catalyst provided the methyl ester compound followed by reduction using LiAlH4 obtained the alcohol compound in 44% yield. The bromo-product core structure (2) was produced by using PBr3 in82%. Most of intermediate compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy technique. The substitution reaction will be carried out by methyl ketone (3) as an efficient condensing agent leading to gem-dimethyl fatty acid naphthoquinones product (5) in Figures 1. Finally, the synthetic route utilizing hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinones in 3 steps is being explored.
NKT Cell Hyporesponsiveness Leads to Unrestrained Accumulation of Marginal Zone B Cells in Hypercholesterolemic Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Soh Serena Ying , Faveeuw Christelle , Thiam Chung Hwee , Khoo Lawrence Han Boon , Yeo Kim Pin , Lim Sheau Yng , Lim Hwee Ying , Ng Jun Xiang , Angeli Veronique
Published: October 2016

Recently, the role of B cells in atherosclerosis has gained more attention but studies have mainly focused on B1 and follicular B cell subsets. Therefore, the contribution of marginal zone (MZ) B cells in experimental atherosclerosis remains elusive. In the current study, we examined the MZ B cell compartment in atherosclerotic apoE-deficient (apoE−/−) mice and found that hypercholesterolemia in these mice was associated with an increased number and percentage of MZ B cells. This aberrant accumulation of MZ B cells was not associated with alterations in their development or increased proliferation but was due to decreased apoptotic cell death. This decrease in MZ B cell death in apoE−/− mice was associated with the reduced capacity of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells to produce IFN-γ and IL-4 after activation. Lowering cholesterol plasma levels with ezetimibe in apoE−/− mice reversed iNKT function and MZ B cell accumulation. To elucidate the mechanism whereby iNKT cells control MZ B cell accumulation in apoE−/− mice, we performed an adoptive transfer of iNKT cells and found that only wild-type iNKT cells but not IFN-γ−/− iNKT cells reversed MZ B cell accumulation in apoE−/− recipient mice. Our findings reveal that lipid changes associated with atherosclerotic disease induce decreased production of IFN-γ by iNKT, which in turn leads to aberrant accumulation of MZ B cells. This study further extends the importance of iNKT cells in regulating MZ B cell compartment.
TLR8 Couples SOCS-1 and Restrains TLR7-Mediated Antiviral Immunity, Exacerbating West Nile Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Paul Amber M. , Acharya Dhiraj , Le Linda , Wang Penghua , Stokic Dobrivoje S. , Leis A. Arturo , Alexopoulou Lena , Town Terrence , Flavell Richard A. , Fikrig Erol , Bai Fengwei
Published: October 2016

West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic ssRNA flavivirus that can cause encephalitis, meningitis, and death in humans and mice. Human TLR7 and TLR8 and mouse TLR7 recognize viral ssRNA motifs and induce antiviral immunity. However, the role of mouse TLR8 in antiviral immunity is poorly understood. In this article, we report that TLR8-deficient (Tlr8−/−) mice were resistant to WNV infection compared with wild-type controls. Efficient WNV clearance and moderate susceptibility to WNV-mediated neuronal death in Tlr8−/− mice were attributed to overexpression of Tlr7 and IFN-stimulated gene-56 expression, whereas reduced expression of the proapoptotic gene coding Bcl2-associated X protein was observed. Interestingly, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 directly associated with TLR8, but not with TLR7, indicating a novel role for TLR8 regulation of SOCS-1 function, whereas selective small interfering RNA knockdown of Socs-1 resulted in induced IFN-stimulated gene-56 and Tlr7 expression following WNV infection. Collectively, we report that TLR8 coupling with SOCS-1 inhibits TLR7-mediated antiviral immunity during WNV infection in mice.
Eomeshi NK Cells in Human Liver Are Long-Lived and Do Not Recirculate but Can Be Replenished from the Circulation
Authors: Cuff Antonia O. , Robertson Francis P. , Stegmann Kerstin A. , Pallett Laura J. , Maini Mala K. , Davidson Brian R. , Male Victoria
Published: October 2016

Human liver contains an Eomeshi population of NK cells that is not present in the blood. In this study, we show that these cells are characterized by a molecular signature that mediates their retention in the liver. By examining liver transplants where donors and recipients are HLA mismatched, we distinguish between donor liver–derived and recipient-derived leukocytes to show that Eomeslo NK cells circulate freely whereas Eomeshi NK cells are unable to leave the liver. Furthermore, Eomeshi NK cells are retained in the liver for up to 13 y. Therefore, Eomeshi NK cells are long-lived liver-resident cells. We go on to show that Eomeshi NK cells can be recruited from the circulation during adult life and that circulating Eomeslo NK cells are able to upregulate Eomes and molecules mediating liver retention under cytokine conditions similar to those in the liver. This suggests that circulating NK cells are a precursor of their liver-resident counterparts.
Mark the Evangelist: His African memory
Authors: Oliver Willem
Published: October 2016

Mark is the author of the oldest gospel in the Christian Bible. Not much is known about him or his family except for a few references in the Bible. The general assumption, originating in the West, is that Mark was born and bred in Palestine. One of the main proponents of the Western view is Walter Bauer, a German theologian of the first half of the 20th century. His views rely heavily on the argument from silence, as Africa had – and to a great extent still has – an oral culture. Contrary to the Western view, Thomas Oden, an American theologian, did research on the oral culture and investigated the African memory of Mark. This article presents a critical discussion and a review of the book written by Oden in 2011 titled The African memory of Mark. Oden seems to be very subjective in his remarks in favour of Africa, as is also clear from his book titled How Africa shaped the Christian mind, written in 2007, and the question is if he really has enough grounds for his postulations.
Investigating Factors Affecting the Export of Pistachio, Saffron and Solutions to Improve Exports
Authors: Nazemi Arash
Published: October 2016

Today, the development of non-oil exports considered a necessity, because goods export increases exchange earnings and thus guaranteeing the implementation of economic development programs is made possible foreign exchange costs and increase employment in the country for the purpose of this study is an applied research. Its aim is to investigate the factors affecting export of pistachios and saffron, field study method through questionnaires used, to determine the validity of questionnaires the expert’s opinions of (Delphi), and for determination of reliability Cronbach's Alpha method is used. Population consisted of exporters of pistachios and saffron of the country. According to the test results identified factors such as laws and regulations, export of unprocessed bulk was not asked to book factories have been identified factors affecting the export of these goods.
A computational interactome and functional annotation for the human proteome
Authors: Garzón José Ignacio , Deng Lei , Murray Diana , Shapira Sagi , Petrey Donald , Honig Barry
Published: October 2016

We present a database, PrePPI (Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions), of more than 1.35 million predicted protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Of these at least 127,000 are expected to constitute direct physical interactions although the actual number may be much larger (~500,000). The current PrePPI, which contains predicted interactions for about 85% of the human proteome, is related to an earlier version but is based on additional sources of interaction evidence and is far larger in scope. The use of structural relationships allows PrePPI to infer numerous previously unreported interactions. PrePPI has been subjected to a series of validation tests including reproducing known interactions, recapitulating multi-protein complexes, analysis of disease associated SNPs, and identifying functional relationships between interacting proteins. We show, using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), that predicted interaction partners can be used to annotate a protein’s function. We provide annotations for most human proteins, including many annotated as having unknown function.
Characterization of human translesion DNA synthesis across a UV-induced DNA lesion
Authors: Hedglin Mark , Pandey Binod , Benkovic Stephen J
Published: October 2016

Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) during S-phase uses specialized TLS DNA polymerases to replicate a DNA lesion, allowing stringent DNA synthesis to resume beyond the offending damage. Human TLS involves the conjugation of ubiquitin to PCNA clamps encircling damaged DNA and the role of this post-translational modification is under scrutiny. A widely-accepted model purports that ubiquitinated PCNA recruits TLS polymerases such as pol η to sites of DNA damage where they may also displace a blocked replicative polymerase. We provide extensive quantitative evidence that the binding of pol η to PCNA and the ensuing TLS are both independent of PCNA ubiquitination. Rather, the unique properties of pols η and δ are attuned to promote an efficient and passive exchange of polymerases during TLS on the lagging strand.
Internal states drive nutrient homeostasis by modulating exploration-exploitation trade-off
Authors: Corrales-Carvajal Verónica María , Faisal Aldo A , Ribeiro Carlos
Published: October 2016

Internal states can profoundly alter the behavior of animals. A quantitative understanding of the behavioral changes upon metabolic challenges is key to a mechanistic dissection of how animals maintain nutritional homeostasis. We used an automated video tracking setup to characterize how amino acid and reproductive states interact to shape exploitation and exploration decisions taken by adult Drosophila melanogaster. We find that these two states have specific effects on the decisions to stop at and leave proteinaceous food patches. Furthermore, the internal nutrient state defines the exploration-exploitation trade-off: nutrient-deprived flies focus on specific patches while satiated flies explore more globally. Finally, we show that olfaction mediates the efficient recognition of yeast as an appropriate protein source in mated females and that octopamine is specifically required to mediate homeostatic postmating responses without affecting internal nutrient sensing. Internal states therefore modulate specific aspects of exploitation and exploration to change nutrient selection.
Sub-synaptic, multiplexed analysis of proteins reveals Fragile X related protein 2 is mislocalized in Fmr1 KO synapses
Authors: Wang Gordon X , Smith Stephen J , Mourrain Philippe
Published: October 2016

The distribution of proteins within sub-synaptic compartments is an essential aspect of their neurological function. Current methodologies, such as electron microscopy (EM) and super-resolution imaging techniques, can provide the precise localization of proteins, but are often limited to a small number of one-time observations with narrow spatial and molecular coverage. The diversity of synaptic proteins and synapse types demands synapse analysis on a scale that is prohibitive with current methods. Here, we demonstrate SubSynMAP, a fast, multiplexed sub-synaptic protein analysis method using wide-field data from deconvolution array tomography (ATD). SubSynMAP generates probability distributions for that reveal the functional range of proteins within the averaged synapse of a particular class. This enables the differentiation of closely juxtaposed proteins. Using this method, we analyzed 15 synaptic proteins in normal and Fragile X mental retardation syndrome (FXS) model mouse cortex, and revealed disease-specific modifications of sub-synaptic protein distributions across synapse classes and cortical layers.
Seeing is believing
Authors: Amaya Enrique
Published: October 2016

A small transparent crustacean called Parhyale hawaiensis has become a powerful model system for the study of limb and appendage regeneration.
Precessional control on ocean productivity in the Western Pacific Warm Pool for the last 400 kyr: Insight from biogenic magnetite
Authors: Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Horiuchi Kazuho
Published: October 2016

Abstracts

The Western Pacific Warm Pool plays a significant role in large‐scale atmospheric circulation and global hydrology. We conducted an environmental magnetic study of two late Pleistocene sediment cores from the western equatorial Pacific Ocean offshore of New Guinea in order to better constrain climatic and oceanographic variability, particularly spatiotemporal ocean productivity variations. Magnetic property measurements and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the magnetic mineral assemblages in the studied sediments are a mixture of biogenic and terrigenous magnetite. Variations in the acid soluble sediment component, interpreted as carbonate content, and the proportion of biogenic to terrigenous magnetite estimated from the ratio of anhysteretic to saturation remanent magnetizations are in‐phase with northern hemisphere summer insolation variations. We interpret that ocean productivity increased during insolation maxima, which induced higher populations of magnetotactic bacteria through a larger nutrient supply to the seafloor. This interpretation assumes that magnetotactic bacterial populations are greatest in sediments just below the seafloor. Precessional frequencies in magnetic mineral concentration variations are suppressed after correction for carbonate dilution, whereas cyclic changes with a ∼100 kyr periodicity remain in carbonate‐free magnetic concentration variations. Glacial/interglacial changes in bottom water currents may have influenced transportation and deposition of magnetic minerals. We demonstrate the usefulness of magnetic proxies for paleoceanographic studies, particularly of biogenic magnetite proxies for estimating paleoproductivity variations.
Narrowing of the ITCZ in a warming climate: Physical mechanisms
Authors: Byrne Michael P. , Schneider Tapio
Published: October 2016

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) narrows in response to global warming in both observations and climate models. However, a physical understanding of this narrowing is lacking. Here we show that the narrowing of the ITCZ in simulations of future climate is related to changes in the moist static energy (MSE) budget. MSE advection by the mean circulation and MSE divergence by transient eddies tend to narrow the ITCZ, while changes in net energy input to the atmosphere and the gross moist stability tend to widen the ITCZ. The narrowing tendency arises because the meridional MSE gradient strengthens with warming, whereas the largest widening tendency is due to increasing shortwave heating of the atmosphere. The magnitude of the ITCZ narrowing depends strongly on the gross moist stability and clouds, emphasizing the need to better understand these fundamental processes in the tropical atmosphere.
Did the Orientale impact melt sheet undergo large‐scale igneous differentiation by crystal settling?
Authors: Cassanelli James P. , Head James W.
Published: October 2016

Significant quantities of shock‐induced melt are predicted to form during basin‐scale impact events and may contribute substantially to compositional variation in the lunar crust through differentiation processes. Knowledge of the evolution of impact melt sheets and the cooling and crystallization processes involved is therefore important to understanding the geology and petrology of the Moon. Here we perform a case study on the Orientale basin and investigate the possibility of differentiation of the impact melt sheet by assessing the thermal and physical processes that drive cooling and crystallization, focusing on crystal settling. Results predict that convective processes within the impact melt sheet enhance cooling and solidification and inhibit settling of crystals ~1.5 mm in diameter and smaller, preventing differentiation at or below this size. Impact melt sheet thickness is predicted to have minimal influence on crystallization history, suggesting that crystal size is the primary factor controlling lunar impact melt sheet differentiation.
Magnetic field modification to the relativistic runaway electron avalanche length
Authors: Cramer E. S. , Dwyer J. R. , Rassoul H. K.
Published: October 2016

This paper explores the impact of the geomagnetic field on the relativistic runaway electron avalanche length,
. Coleman and Dwyer (2006) developed an analytical fit to Monte Carlo simulations using the Runaway Electron Avalanche Model. In this work, we repeat this process but with the addition of the geomagnetic field in the range of [100,900]/n μT, where n is the ratio of the density of air at altitude to the sea level density. As the ambient electric field approaches the runaway threshold field (Eth≈284 kV/m sea level equivalent), it is shown that the magnetic field has an impact on the orientation of the resulting electron beam. The runaway electrons initially follow the vertically oriented electric field but then are deflected in the v × B direction, and as such, the electrons experience more dynamic friction due to the increase in path length. This will be shown to result in a difference in the avalanche length from the case where B = 0. It will also be shown that the average energy of the runaway electrons will decrease while the required electric field to produce runaway electrons increases. This study is also important in understanding the physics of terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs). Not only will this work impact relativistic feedback rates determined from simulations, it may also be useful in studying spectroscopy of TGFs observed from balloon and aircraft measurements. These models may also be used in determining beaming properties of TGFs originating in the tropical regions seen from orbiting spacecraft.
Accurate laboratory determination of the near‐infrared water vapor self‐continuum: A test of the MT_CKD model
Authors: Campargue A. , Kassi S. , Mondelain D. , Vasilchenko S. , Romanini D.
Published: October 2016

The semi‐empirical MT_CKD model of the absorption continuum of water vapor is widely used in atmospheric radiative transfer codes of the atmosphere of Earth and, recently, of exoplanets but lacks of experimental validation in the atmospheric windows. Recent laboratory measurements by Fourier transform Spectroscopy led to self‐continuum cross sections much larger than the MT_CKD values in the near‐infrared transparency windows. We report on accurate measurements by Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) and Optical Feedback‐Cavity‐Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (OF‐CEAS) at selected spectral points of the transparency windows centered around 4.0, 2.1, and 1.25 µm. The temperature dependence of the absorption continuum at 4.38 µm is measured in the 23–39°C range. The self‐continuum water vapor absorption is derived either from the baseline variation of water vapor spectra recorded for a series of pressure values over a small spectral interval or from baseline monitoring at fixed laser frequency during pressure ramps. After subtraction of the local water monomer lines contribution, self‐continuum cross sections, Cs, are determined with an accuracy better than 10% from the pressure squared dependence of the continuum absorption measured up to about 15 Torr. Together with our previous measurements in the 2.1 and 1.6 µm windows, the present results provide a unique set of water vapor cross sections for testing the MT_CKD model in four transparency windows. Although showing some important deviations of the absolute values (up to about a factor 4), our accurate measurements validate the overall frequency dependence of the most recent version (V2.8) of the MT_CKD model.
Gravity wave momentum flux in the mesosphere measured by VHF radar at Davis, Antarctica
Authors: Love Peter T. , Murphy Damian J.
Published: October 2016

Polar mesospheric summer echoes observed in VHF MST radar measurements at Davis, Antarctica 68.5°S, 78.0°E, are used to measure high‐frequency gravity wave momentum flux in the vicinity of the mesopause during the Southern Hemisphere summer of 2014–2015. The momentum flux spectrum is generally isotropic with a slight bias in the seasonal mean toward the southeast. Zonal and meridional components of the seasonal mean momentum flux are an order of magnitude smaller than the absolute momentum flux. Diurnal and semidiurnal modulation of the momentum flux correspond to perturbations of the seasonal mean winds by atmospheric tides. Quantitative measures of gravity wave intermittency yield high values and increase with altitude through the mesopause region. These intermittency characteristics are attributed to the increase with altitude of wind variability through the mesopause region as a result of the tides.
Actor‐Network Theory
Authors: Couldry Nick
Published: October 2016

This entry summarizes the main features of actor‐network theory's account of the role of technologies in social life and its potential contribution to the understanding of media institutions. The limitations of actor‐network theory (ANT) as a total theory of media are also discussed, alongside a short history of how ANT has been drawn upon (or at times ignored) in media and communications research since the late 1980s. The particular importance of ANT‐based perspectives to understanding media practices in the digital age is explained.
Copyright
Authors: Burk Dan L.
Published: October 2016

Copyright offers legal exclusivity to the authors of creative works. This entry defines several basic principles of copyright, discussing the benefits generally advanced as justifications for such legal exclusivity, and contrasts such benefits with the detriment advanced by copyright critics. The entry particularly examines several of the practical and doctrinal difficulties posed by copyright in digital media, including the addition of software to the canon of creative works traditionally associated with copyright.
A
siacentricity
Authors: Miike Yoshitaka
Published: October 2016

This entry defines Asiacentricity as a new paradigmatic idea in communication studies and delineates the historical context in which the idea emerged and has been evolving. The essay also outlines the dimensions and applications of the Asiacentric metatheory as an alternative paradigm for the study of Asian cultures and communication.
C
onfucianism
Authors: Jia Wenshan
Published: October 2016

Confucianism as a philosophy of communication views communication as a social process consistent with the constant harmonious interplay of vital forces of masculinity and femininity in the cosmos. To know about the social world is also to participate in it and establish oneself via harmonious communication in order to better humanity. Confucianism has the potential for bringing about harmony in the global village.
Cybernetics
Authors: Geoghegan Bernard , Peters Benjamin
Published: October 2016

Cybernetics, a science of “communication and control” devised in the years after World War II, is often identified with communication engineering and computing. In fact, it sprang from a wide array of intellectual sources and in the 1950s and 1960s it impacted an even wider array of disciplinary quarters. This entry reviews a few of its multiple engagements, with particular emphasis on the afterlife of cybernetic concepts in the human sciences. Strangely, this fracturing (some would say collapse) of its conceptual program, and its failure to ever consolidate around a unified definition of key methods and concerns, was then, and remains today, the greatest source for its enduring influence.
Avatar
Authors: Juul Jesper , Klevjer Rune
Published: October 2016

This entry gives an introduction to the study of avatars and player–avatar relations in video games and virtual communities. It presents a short history of avatars, distinguishing between different aspects of the concept and its uses, and then highlighting key debates and research efforts in the field. Drawing on the emerging interdisciplinary field of the philosophy of computer games, the entry provides a brief phenomenological account of avatar‐based play in contemporary 3D games, and addresses the question of player/avatar identity.
Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gunkel David J.
Published: October 2016

This entry addresses artificial intelligence (AI) from the perspective of communication theory. In particular, it demonstrates, on the one hand, how and why the activity of communication has been considered a defining condition for AI and, on the other hand, how the theory of AI and the development of AI applications complicate the subject of communication, requiring significant modifications in its conceptual apparatus and philosophical framework.
Christianity
Authors: Horsfield Peter
Published: October 2016

Christianity is a diverse phenomenon and is more accurately understood not just as a religion that uses communication, but as a mediated phenomenon in which communication is integral to and constitutive of its character. One of the distinctive aspects of Christian communication theory is the proposition that there is a divine being who communicates its character and purposes with humans, and whom humans can in turn communicate to and exercise some influence on. Within this context, the variety of hermeneutical processes discerning the presence and meanings of divine–human and human–divine communication in speech, text, and visual and material media are explored.
Computer‐Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)
Authors: Schmidt Kjeld
Published: October 2016

Computer‐supported cooperative work (CSCW) is an interdisciplinary research field devoted to understanding cooperative work practices with the aim of contributing, both conceptually and technically, to the development of collaborative computing, that is, computing technologies that facilitate, mediate, or regulate workers' interdependent activities. The disciplinary span of CSCW as an interdisciplinary field is exceptional in that it bridges from ethnographic field work, to the experimental development of advanced technical solutions, to evaluation studies in situ.
Constructivism
Authors: Grant Colin B.
Published: October 2016

This article provides an overview of constructivism. It presents the key philosophical precursors identified by the eminent radical constructivist Ernst von Glasersfeld before considering the high tide of constructivist thinking and the controversies it unleashed. The article distinguishes constructivism from constructionism before surveying the receding tide of this interesting movement.
Cyberspace
Authors: Giddings Seth
Published: October 2016

This entry traces the origins, development, and decline of the use of the term
cyberspace
as applied to computer‐network communication since the 1980s. It pays particular attention to the blurring, in critical studies of cyberspace, of fictional visions and futures from science‐fiction literature and film with actual technological and cultural applications and practices.