bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect Of Taxpayer Awareness, Public Service Accountability, And Tax Sanctions On Motor Vehicle Taxpayer Compliance
Authors: Kuilim Tiara , Blongkod Harun , Mahdalena Mahdalena
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of taxpayer awareness, public service accountability and tax sanctions on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance. The data used is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to motor vehicle taxpayers in SAMSAT Gorontalo City. The determination of samples in this study used the slovin formula so that the number of samples in this study amounted to 139. Data analysis in this study used SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis with the help of the AMOS program.

The results showed that 1) Taxpayer awareness has a significant effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance, 2) Public service accountability has an insignificant effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance, 3) Tax Sanctions have no significant effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance, 4) Taxpayer awareness, public service accountability, and tax sanctions simultaneously affect motor vehicle taxpayer compliance
Using evidence from systematic studies to guide a PhD research in Requirements Engineering: an experience report
Authors: Novo Kudo Taciana , Bulcão-Neto Renato F. , Rizzo Vincenzi Auri Marcelo , Ferreira de Souza Érica , Romero Felizardo Katia
Published: February 2023

Conducting systematic studies during a postgraduate program, such as systematic review, systematic mapping, and tertiary review, can benefit the project’s success. They provide an overview of the literature considering currently available research findings, establish baselines for other research activities, and support decisions made throughout the research project. However, there is a shortage of research that presents systematic studies experiences in supporting academic projects. This paper’s main contribution is reporting our experience on how the evidence found in tertiary and secondary studies positively influenced a PhD project’s decisions. Initially, a tertiary study was conducted, followed by a systematic mapping. The evidence returned by the tertiary study led to the definition of the PhD research proposal in the Requirement Engineering field. Moreover, a systematic mapping contributed to the definition of the PhD research problem. From this experience in undertaking systematic studies to support a PhD project, the paper also presents lessons learned and recommendations to guide PhD students’ decisions.
Spinal Cord Injury Prevalence and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Ara Zeenat , Singh Alka , Raj Saloni , Walliullah Shah , Nath Srivastava Rajeshwar
Published: February 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devasting neurological condition producing physical dependency, morbidity, psychological stress, and financial burden. During the last 30 years, its global prevalence has increased from 236 to 1298 cases per million populations. Two types of spinal cord injury are primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is mechanical damage to the cord itself whereas secondary injury results from one or more biochemical and cellular processes that are triggered by the primary lesion. In 1700 BC, in an Egyptian surgical papyrus, they describe the frustration of health care professionals in treating a severe spinal cord injury, the Papyrus reported spinal fractures as a “disease that should not be treated”. Most of these studies approach a patient with acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in one of four manners: corrective surgery or a physical, biological, or pharmacological treatment method. Science is unraveling the mechanisms of cell protection and neuroregeneration, but clinically, we only provide supportive care for patients with spinal cord injuries. By combining these treatments, researchers attempt to enhance the functional recovery of patients with spinal cord injuries. Advances in the last decade have allowed us to encourage the development of experimental studies in the field of spinal cord regeneration. The combination of several therapeutic strategies should, at a minimum, allow for partial functional recoveries for these patients, which could improve their quality of life. More studies were done on spinalized animals that indicate that most of these pharmacological agents may act on receptors present in the spinal cord, thus facilitate to produce coordinated locomotor movement, whereas some other drugs used to improve the neuropathological changes caused because of spinal cord injury (SCI), such as spasticity or demyelination, to improve walking.
Orthoses in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Management and Improving Quality of Life
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Jadav Vinita
Published: February 2023

Damage to a part of the spinal cord or nerves at the ends of the spinal canal causes spinal cord injuries which affect the individual to perform their normal functioning. The spinal cord injury results in complete or incomplete alteration in strength, sensation, and body function below the level of injury. It impacts the postural balance and confines the affected individual with limitations. The independent or optimal activity of living (ADL) management of spinal cord injury patients is challenging. Orthoses play an important role in the multidisciplinary approach to managing spinal injury patients and successful rehabilitation. Different orthoses are applied to spinal cord injury patients to achieve/regain movement, balance, pain relief, etc. The objective of this chapter is to brief about the orthotic rehabilitation management of spinal cord injury patients and its advancement prospects in future.
Recent Advances and Application of Biotechnology in the Dairy Processing Industry: A Review
Authors: Nurye Gebeyehu Muhammed
Published: February 2023

Worldwide continuous demand for milk and milk products triggers different stakeholders in the dairy sector, which leads to the establishment of modern dairy farms, processing companies, and the invention of artificial intelligence. This dramatic change in the sector boosted milk production and reduce the impact of dairying on the environment. There has been a tremendous improvement in all unit activities such as separation, standardization, pasteurization, homogenization, and packing due to modern innovations in the fluid milk processing business. Advanced technologies in milk processing are applied to extend the shelf life, enhance the nutritional quality and safety of dairy products and health advantages without altering its physicochemical characteristics. Generally, the use of recent technologies in milk production has a significant impact to address the demand for milk and milk products, poverty alleviation, reducing GHG emissions, and other global challenges. The dairy industry can benefit greatly from new advancements and innovations in modern biotechnology, such as rDNA technology, transgenics, probiotics, bio preservatives, recombinant enzymes, starter culture, and improved bioprocess engineering tools by producing novel foods customized for specific consumers. While biotechnology brings incredible benefits, it also persuades a potential impact on health and the environment. Therefore, its application needs great intention.
Trachoma
Authors: Joel James Alada
Published: February 2023

Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide. In children, repeated episodes of infection within cohorts and family with Chlamydia trachomatis would lead to severe conjunctival inflammation, scarring, and potentially blinding trichiasis or entropion in later life. Trachoma is a disease associated with poverty, poor hygiene, and sanitation as well inadequate water supply. Collaborative control programs are implementing the “SAFE” strategy: surgery for trichiasis, mass distribution of antibiotics, promotion of facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement. The SAFE strategy has remained the cornerstone of WHO’s plan to eliminate trachoma as public health problem, and many countries and districts have eliminated trachoma by this means.
Perspective Chapter: Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery through Liposomes - Recent Applications
Authors: Hafeez Abdul , Afzal Usmani Shazia
Published: February 2023

Diseases related to the brain are causing a huge problem worldwide. Different drug formulations are available for the management of brain-related disorders, but due to less drug availability for the brain and non-specificity, it becomes difficult to completely cure life-threatening brain disorders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of drug molecules/drug-loaded carriers because of the presence of various efflux transporters and drug inactivating enzymes. Researchers have identified an intranasal route for direct delivery to the brain, bypassing BBB. Nanotechnology-enabled lipid-based drug carrier systems have shown potential for the management of brain diseases through nose-to-brain delivery. Liposomes are the most extensively investigated carrier systems because of biocompatibility, controlled release characteristics, easy surface modification, and biodegradability. This chapter highlights the important aspects of nose-to-brain delivery and strategies for enhancing the availability of drugs through liposomes in the management of different brain-related diseases.
Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Kumar Samala Rajesh
Published: February 2023

The procedure is to obtain the best solution for the certain parameters in the given network to satisfy every requirement for design by considering the smallest affordable cost will be considered as an optimization. Optimization traditional approach will have some constraints like, outcome of single-based, local optima convergence, problems in unknown search space. To overcome the above constraints, many research organizations have established various metaheuristics to search optimization solutions for unsolved issues. The main intend to explain the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSOA) is to explain the stochastic optimization approach basics. Motivation of this Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSOA) is to develop a strong metaheuristic optimization solution which is inspired natural swarm behavior like schooling of birds and fishes. PSOA is a simplified social network simulation. The final intent of this PSOA is a graphical representation and graphical simulate smoothly but undefined bird or fish flock’s directions. Every bird’s vicinity of observability is restricted to some area. Though having many birds permits every bird in the swarm fitness function to be bigger surface concerned. Mathematically every Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSOA) has associated with fitness value, velocity, and position. Memory of maintaining global fitness, best position, and global fitness value.
Molecular Detection and Identification of Candida
Authors: Mohammed Al-Taee Muataz
Published: February 2023

Human opportunistic yeast infections have become more common in recent years. Many infections are difficult to treat and diagnose due to the large number and diversity of organisms that can cause sickness. In addition, infectious strains eventually develop resistance to one or more antifungal medicines, severely limiting treatment choices and emphasizing the need of early detection of the infective agent and its drug sensitivity profile. Current techniques for detecting species and resistances are insensitive and specific, and they frequently need pre-cultivation of the causal agent, which delays diagnosis. New high-throughput technologies, such as next-generation sequencing or proteomics, make it possible to identify yeast infections more sensitively, accurately, and quickly. Opportunistic yeast pathogens, cause a wide spectrum of superficial and systemic infections, many of which are lethal. In this work, we give an overview of current and newly created approaches. It may be used to determine the presence of yeast infections as well as their medication resistance. Throughout the book, we highlight the following points: Explaining the benefits and drawbacks of each strategy, as well as the most promising advancements on their route to success.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-Ligand1 (PD-1/PD-L1) for Cancer Therapy
Authors: M.M. Bebars Shaimaa
Published: February 2023

Monoclonal antibodies that inhibit “immune checkpoint” through programmed cell death-1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) blockage have proven remarkable therapeutic action toward a range of cancer types. Hence, immunotherapy, binding the immune system to act against malignant tumors, has generated encouraging outcomes in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the robust advantage is not observed in a large number of patients. Recognizing patients that will probably respond and using therapies covering a larger number of patients necessitate an enhanced understanding of the biological action of PD-1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA) at the cell level and reviewing the performed clinical studies and their outcomes to recognize the accumulating proof of its clinical significance. In this chapter, we will discuss and review the clinical and preclinical data regarding Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors PD-1/PD-L1 to recognize the advances and challenges of their implication in clinical practice.
Older Persons, Digital Products, and Standards: The Need for Consumer Protection and Support for Continuous Learning of Older Persons
Authors: Saner Raymond
Published: February 2023

This chapter addresses the need to help older persons adjust to the digital age and describes major challenges that aging persons as well as persons of all ages have to face in light of today’s virtual realities. The author proposes how to best facilitate and support older persons coping strategies and how they can obtain and maintain adequate digital literacy and ability to use existing digital resources. The chapter describes the hidden costs of the digital age for older persons and offers six solutions to how these digital challenges could best be overcome from individual, social, and public policy perspectives.
Prospects for Rural Transformation and Socioenvironmental Dilemma in the Production and Uses of Liquid Biofuels in Eastern Africa Countries
Authors: F. Kedir Miftah
Published: February 2023

Liquid biofuels, mainly bioethanol and biodiesel have well developed technology and are highly needed in times of climate change as a transport and cooking fuel. Greenhouse gas emission reduction goals cannot be attained without including liquid biofuels. Accordingly, this review evaluated the prospects for rural transformation and socio-environmental dilemma in liquid biofuel production and uses in Eastern Africa countries of Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda from literatures of Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar, and contacting subject experts. The available large area of land, suitable climate, and diverse feedstocks are some of the rural prospects. Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania planned to make the energy mix 100% renewable by 2050, and Uganda 61% earlier. Sudan has great potential on molasses ethanol. In Tanzania, engines that run on jatropha oil were constructed for light. The main dilemmas were land use, insufficient feed stocks, initial finance, and weak institution. Local ownership of liquid biofuel production by smallholder farmers creates sustainable production through appropriate management of feed stocks, by institution. Therefore, liquid biofuel production should be integrated with rural agricultural practice of both smallholders and large-scale investors to assure its role in transforming Africa by industrializing the agricultural sector jobs.
Threshold Recognition Based on Non-Stationarity of Extreme Rainfall in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Suning , Zhou Zhaoqiang , Shi Haiyun
Published: February 2023

Analyzing the hydrological sequence from the non-stationary characteristics can better understand the responses of changes in extreme rainfall to climate change. Taking the plain area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin (MLRYRB) as the study area, this study adopted a set of extreme rainfall indices and used the Bernaola-Galvan Segmentation Algorithm (BGSA) method to test the non-stationarity of extreme rainfall events. The General Pareto Distribution (GPD) was used to fit extreme rainfall and was calculated to select the optimal threshold of extreme rainfall. In addition, the cross-wavelet technique was used to explore the correlations of extreme rainfall with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) events. The results showed that: (1) extreme rainfall under different thresholds had different non-stationary characteristics; (2) the GPD distribution could well fit the extreme rainfall in the MLRYRB, and 40–60 mm was considered as the suitable optimal threshold by comparing the uncertainty of the return period; and (3) ENSO and WPSH had significant periodic effects on extreme rainfall in the MLRYRB. These findings highlighted the significance of non-stationary assumptions in hydrological frequency analysis, which were of great importance for hydrological forecasting and water conservancy project management.
Hemodynamic Effects of Oxytocin and Carbetocin During Elective Cesarean Section in Preeclamptic Patients Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Study
Authors: Bahr Mahmoud Hussein , Abdelaal Ahmed Mahmoud M Alkhatip Ahmed , Ahmed Ahmed Goda , Elgamel Amira Fouad , Abdelkader Mohamed , Hussein Hazem Abdelwaheb
Published: February 2023

Background: Oxytocin and carbetocin are uterotonic medications that are used to decrease postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). However, there are not enough clinical data about the hemodynamic side effects of carbetocin. Objectives: This study aimed to compare carbetocin and oxytocin hemodynamic effects in preeclamptic patients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, intravenous oxytocin or carbetocin was administered to 80 women (40 per group). The hemodynamic effects, such as blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen (O2) saturation, were measured before the operation and after 1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes of the administration of both drugs. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were conducted during statistical analysis. Results: Based on the intragroup comparison, there was a significant increase in HR and a reduction in BP from baseline to all intervals after the administration of both interventions. Moreover, based on the intergroup comparison, there was a significantly more increase in HR and a decline in BP and O2 saturation in the oxytocin group than in the carbetocin group. There were three and seven cases that required another dose of carbetocin and oxytocin, respectively. Moreover, one case developed PPH in the carbetocin group; nevertheless, two cases developed PPH in the oxytocin group. Conclusions: The minimal effect of carbetocin on patients’ hemodynamics suggests extending the use of this drug instead of oxytocin as a uterotonic drug in patients with preeclampsia, hemorrhagic risk factors, and/or hypertension.
¿Qué actividades proponen los libros de texto elaborados para enseñar Geología?
Authors: Pardo Santano Pablo
Published: February 2023

En este artículo se analizan las actividades que proponen un número significativo de libros elaborados para enseñar Geología en diferentes cursos de la educación obligatoria. Se establecen diversas categorías de análisis y se realiza un estudio pormenorizado de los materiales obteniéndose algunas conclusiones referentes a las prioridades educativas de los autores, el concepto de ciencia que transmiten en los libros que elaboran o la validez y utilidad que suponen a los libros de texto y a la información que en ellos se incluye.
La motivación en el aula
Authors: López Muñoz Luis
Published: February 2023

La motivación en el aula tiene sus bases, su sentido y sus estrategias. La tensión natural por el aprendizaje que tiene el niño no es evidente que se manifieste en el ámbito de la enseñanza sistemática y reglada a la que se ven sometidos. Ponemos el acento y tratamos de presentar la conexión profunda que se produce entre la consideración que se da al alumno y a su historia personal, con la relación educativa interpersonal que la evidencia y con la actividad propia del aula: los tipos de tareas y las actividades cotidianas, incluso rutinarias que tienen lugar en el recinto físico donde se lleva a cabo el aprendizaje.
Proyecto: respuesta en red. El abuso sexual y otras formas de maltrato infantil. Una visión desde los centros escolares de la ciudad de Alcalá de Henares
Authors: Prieto Jiménez Emilio
Published: February 2023

Esta investigación ha pretendido realizar un diagnóstico, en el ámbito educativo, respecto del conocimiento y afrontamiento por parte del profesorado, del abuso sexual y otras formas de maltrato infantil en la ciudad de Alcalá de Henares.De acuerdo con las conclusiones, resulta tan determinante el conocimiento de casos como otros aspectos que tienen que ver con su comunicación, el conocimiento y uso de los recursos intra e interinstitucionales, la formación del profesorado, la promoción de programas preventivo comunitarios y en general las propuestas que el propio profesorado genera.El estudio trata de promover la complementación de estrategias preventivas comunitarias y de promoción de la salud para evitar la aparición de nuevos casos y aumentar la salud y el bienestar general de la población interviniendo desde los recursos comunitarios.
Enter-Arte: Aprender creando, crear aprendiendo. Proyecto 2004-2005: «SujetObjetoS»
Authors: Abad Molina Javier , Pérez Fernández Alberto
Published: February 2023

Enter-Arte, grupo de trabajo del Movimiento de Renovación Pedagógica «Acción Educativa», está interesado en generar, desarrollar y gestionar proyectos artísticos innovadores que acerquen el arte a la escuela y trasladen el arte infantil al medio socio-cultural. Lugar de encuentro y reflexión entre docentes que, vinculados con otros profesionales, se interesan por la creación y la investigación artística en el ámbito educativo, la búsqueda de nuevos lenguajes visuales y plásticos en la escuela, el desarrollo de metodologías activas y globalizadoras en aula.Desde su fundación en 1998, el grupo Enter-Arte ha llevado a cabo y expuesto diversos proyectos, en los que se valoraban los procesos de trabajo y la participación de toda la comunidad educativa. En este artículo se ofrece un recorrido histórico y justificado de todas estas acciones, con una mayor extensión sobre el último proyecto llevado a cabo en el año 2004.
Claves del patrimonio cultural del presente y desde el presente para abordar su enseñanza
Authors: Fontal Merillas Olaia
Published: February 2023

El presente cultural tiene una singularidad que lo define, y al mismo tiempo tiene el potencial de definir a la sociedad en la que surge. Esto lo convierte en un elemento patrimonial capaz de generar identidades, caracterizar contextos, ser transmitido generacionalmente y ser objeto de protección. Sin embargo, ese patrimonio cultural del presente, no es tratado como tal por ese mismo presente; no al menos desde la óptica de la difusión y la educación. Para desarrollar estos argumentos, partimos de una reflexión acerca de la cultura, su dimensión temporal -que va modificando los valores que sobre ella se proyectan-, hasta ocuparnos de forma específica de la cultura actual -la del presente- arrojando argumentos para justificar su coherencia interna. A partir de estas revisiones, nos referimos a los patrimonios culturales, en plural, manifestando su diversidad y pluralidad. Finalmente, nos ocupamos de las claves culturales del presente para abordar su enseñanza, centrándonos en el ámbito de la educación y de la comunicación cultural mediada. Sólo desde los presupuestos educativos -de la educación patrimonial podremos asegurar la transmisión de una base cultural para el futuro
Las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la didáctica del patrimonio.
Authors: Rascón Marqués Sebastián , Sánchez Montes Ana Lucía
Published: February 2023

Desde la experiencia real de los autores sobre este tipo de trabajos, se presenta la aparición en las dos últimas décadas de nuevas tecnologías que ayudan a comprender los espacios históricos y arqueológicos. Se realiza una valoración crítica de las posibilidades y resultados reales de las mismas, y se propone una metodología para su realización. Finalmente, se repasan algunas de las aplicaciones reales en este campo.
Tejiendo redes de aprendizaje y reflexión: Una propuesta de innovación en la licenciatura de psicopedagogía
Authors: Margalef Leonor , Iborra Alejandro , Pareja Natalie , Castro Benjamin , Domínguez Susana , García Iván , Giménez Salvador
Published: February 2023

En este artículo se recogen las vivencias y experiencias de un grupo de profesores y alumnos de psicopedagogía de la Universidad de Alcalá implicados en un proceso de innovación educativa fundamentada en los principios de la investigación-acción. El artículo se construye a partir de los aportes de algunos de los profesores y alumnos implicados en este proyecto, en coherencia con su espíritu participativo y compartido. Los objetivos esenciales fueron la construcción de una red de aprendizaje y refl exión que favoreciera las relaciones de interdisciplinariedad, así como la generación de un contexto propicio para el desarrollo de procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje basados en los principios de la colaboración, la autonomía y el pensamiento crítico y reflexivo.
Ángel Ferrant y la Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Viena
Authors: Ortega Cubero Inés
Published: February 2023

En este artículo se describen la organización básica de la Escuela de Artes y Ocios de Viena y las novedades metodológicas que, por influencia del movimiento artístico conocido como Secesión, la convirtieron en una institución revolucionaria de la enseñanza artística en Europa. La influencia de la Institución sobre el escultor y profesor español Ángel Ferrant,becado en Viena por la Junta de Ampliación de Estudios en 1927, condicionó su trayectoria docente posterior, hasta el punto de convertirlo en uno de los principales renovadores de la enseñanza artística en España. En ese proceso de cambio fue trascendental el ejemplo de dos profesores; el reconocido especialista en didáctica artística dirigida a niños Franz Cizek, y el profesor de escultura Eugen Steinhof.
Web-GIS based Dashboard for Real-Time Data Visualization & Analysis using Open Source Technologies
Authors: Lata Kusum , Sood Anil , Kaur Kawaldeep , Benipal Amanpreet Kaur , Pateriya Brijendra
Published: February 2023

Real-time visualization is the requirement for immediacy of decision making, which tends to be role-based. Using maps to visualize data can enable quicker interpretation of complex geographical phenomena, identify patterns, and aid in planning, resource allocations for policy and decision making.  In present study, an interactive Web GIS Dashboard is developed with the objectives to display the work progress of Department of Soil & Water Conservation. The data includes activities and schemes undergoing in the department which was validated and geo-tagged with district & block boundary. For real-time data visualization, the graphs for different year, activities and schemes are developed for number of beneficiaries and area benefitted in ha. Various filters i.e. Year, Scheme and District are provided for viewing map. Different levels of User Authentication are provided for uploading new data and updating data
Analysis of Urban Growth and Its Impact on Agriculture Land around the Chalisgaon City in Jalgaon District of Maharashtra, India: A Remote Sensing and GIS Based Approach
Authors: Patil Nilesh , Patil Vilas , Patil Sanjaykumar , Patil Bhavesh , Suryawanshi Arvind , Jadhav Kavita
Published: February 2023

In India, the agricultural land has tremendously disintegrated which changed the land-use patterns. The agricultural land has declined continuously due to rapid urbanization in the country. In India, nearly 45% of the land cover comes under agriculture area, and 22% is under forest land, whereas this land was drastically decreasing day by day. The main aim of the study is to identify the urban growth along with the land use pattern of Chalisgaon city, situated in the Jalgaon district, of Maharashtra state. This is a comparative study from early 1990 to late 2020. The Landsat images have been used for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 to identify the change in land use and land cover pattern. These images are processed and analyzed under GIS and maximum likelihood classification method. The Chalisgaon city covers a total of 1850 hectares area.  In the last three decades, the total built-up area has increased from 556 hectares to 920 hectares. It is observed that, the urban expansion of the city is a major factor behind the declination the cultivational land area under study. In 1990 the agriculture area was about 1095 hectares that have been reduced to730 hectares in 2020. This study reveals the agricultural land gradually decreased due to encroachment of urban areas i.e., infrastructural, connectivity, population, and other related facilities.
Les prisons sont-elles utiles pour l’avenir de la société? : droits de l’homme et milieu carcéral : le cas du Gabon
Authors: Diangitukwa Fweley , Siadous Ruth Bekoung
Published: February 2023

Dans ce livre, les auteurs démontrent que les prisons sont des lieux où on limite la liberté de l’individu de manière le plus souvent inutile. Il n’est pas absurde de poser la question si le concept même de prison ne devrait pas être reconsidéré comme quelque chose de dépassé pour l’avenir des sociétés. L’institution des prisons africaines pose en particulier problème, par exemple celle du Gabon, qui récupérée et conservée intacte après l’indépendance, n’est plus adaptée aux réalités actuelles du pays. Soixante ans après l’indépendance, les prisons au Gabon ne répondent toujours pas aux exigences internationales en matière des droits de l’homme, et s’éloignent de plus en plus des attentes de la société. En se focalisant sur l’étude du cas de la Prison Centrale de Libreville, les auteurs cherchent à isoler de manière, d’abord descriptive, puis normative, les caractéristiques générales qui reflètent les défis principaux des prisons sur le continent africain. Il est suggéré que les prisons soient réformées afin de redevenir utiles à la société. Des pistes de réflexion et solutions concrètes sont proposées, dont l’idée ambitieuse in fine est de faire des prisons de demain des lieux humains où se prépare la réinsertion sociale.
Analisa Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pembayaran Honor Dosen Berbasis Web Pada Universitas Pramita Indonesia
Authors: Syahril Syahril , R Inka Toto , Nurcahyono Sigit
Published: February 2023

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini sangat pesat dan berdampak pada semua aspek kehidupan yang berhubungan dengan dunia informasi. Salah satunya adalah analisa perancangan sistem informasi pembayaran honor dosen berbasis web pada Univesitas Pramita Indonesia. Adapun saat ini masih menggunakan manual/kovensional dengan Ms Excel dalam proses pengolahan data sistem informasi, perlu dilakukan suatu penelitian untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi pembayaran honor dosen berbasis web. Langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan atau ditempuh dalam proses pengolahan data adalah analisa kebutuhan sistem, perancangan sistem, dan pengujian sistem, akan dapat memberikan kemudahan kepada pengguna untuk mengetahui informasi pembayaran honor dosen dengan akurat dan tepat waktu, tentunya didukung oleh sistem yang terintegrasi, sehingga dapat memperlancar pekerjaan admin dalam melakukan proses pengolahan data pembayaran honor dosen yang tersimpan pada database
BFO Theory with Variable Profit in Case of Advance Payments of Tax on Profit
Authors: Brusov Peter , Filatova Tatiana , Kulik Veniamin
Published: February 2023

The Brusov–Filatova–Orekhova (BFO) theory is generalized for the simultaneous account of variable company profit and advance tax on income payments. The generalized BFO formula for the WACC, has been derived. The dependence of WACC, discount rate, WACC–g (here g is growth rate), company capitalization, V, the equity cost, ke, on leverage L at various values of g, on debt cost, kd, and on age of the company, n, is studied. It is shown, that WACC, is no longer a discount rate. This role passes to WACC–g, which decreases with g, while the company's value increases with g. The tilt of curve k(L) growths with g. It is found that at the growth rate g < g* the tilt of the curve ke(L) is negative. This changes significantly the company's dividend policy principles. WACC(L) as well as the discount rate, WACC–g, decrease with the increase of debt cost kd. V (L) at all values of kd increases with leverage L, as well V(L) increases with kd. This means that tax shield advantages the decrease of the cost of raising capital. Examining the main financial parameters of the company at the positive (g=0.2) and negative (g=–0.2) growth rates, we found a huge difference in their behavior. This allows you to explore companies with growing profits and companies with decreasing profits, as well investigate the financial state of the companies whose profits rise and fall in different periods.
Cryptic Commonalities
Authors: Mannov Adrienne , Oberborbeck Andersen Astrid , Hojer Bruun Maja
Published: February 2023

Based on ongoing interdisciplinary research about advances in a cryptographic technique called Secure Multiparty Computation (MPC), this article explores how research commonalities are carved out among mathematicians, engineers and anthropologists. STS scholars and anthropologists are increasingly engaged in research about and with data scientists and engineers, particularly as this relates to discrimination, surveillance and rights. Cryptography - a sub-genre of mathematics and often-invisible infrastructure enabling secure digital communication has received less attention. The article argues that the ubiquity of digital computing in our lives necessitates the creation of socio-mathematical vocabularies. Such vocabularies have the potential to lead to new situated data security practices based on local perceptions of rights and protection. STS scholars and anthropologists are uniquely situated to do this work. The article follows three anthropologists in their endeavors to find “cryptic commonalities” by “tacking back and forth” (Cf. Helmreich 2009) between mathematicians’, engineers’ and their own scientific vocabularies. Despite these attempts, however, the parties often “talk past each other”. Instead of shying away from the awkwardness that such moments produce, the authors embrace “epistemic disconcertment” (Cf. Verran 2013a), carving out a space in which they can communicate productively with each other. This space does not turn mathematicians into anthropologists or STS scholars into engineers, but it does make space for a shared scientific “pidgin” that enables collaboration (Cf. Galison 2010). With this pidgin, the authors walk the reader through the logics of MPC, and specifically, a cryptographic technique called “Shamir Secret Sharing” (Shamir 1979). In doing so, we join emerging voices in the crypto-community in an effort to develop cryptographic techniques for social good. This requires not just an understanding of the math, but also the social worlds impacted by these techniques.
Le narrateur mort au combat dans le roman de l’extrême contemporain (Ackerman, Meli, Miller)
Authors: Weinmann Frédéric
Published: February 2023

L’article est consacré à trois romans revenant sur un conflit historique (l’invasion de la Sicile lors de l’unification italienne, les tensions sociales en Jamaïque au xxe siècle et la deuxième guerre d’Irak) dans la perspective d’un narrateur mort. Par-delà la parenté thématique, il s’agit surtout de mettre en évidence leurs similitudes dans le traitement du narrateur qui n’est plus, comme dans le roman réaliste, moderniste et postmoderne, conçu à l’image de l’homme, mais qu’on peut interpréter comme un « être de l’esprit » habitant une conscience individuelle ou collective. Ces trois exemples illustrent le tournant épistémologique et narratif qui s’est produit à l’aube du xxie siècle et qu’on est tenté de qualifier, en suivant la proposition d’Allan Kirby, de digimoderniste.
Digitalización del sector agroproductor: intercooperación y tecnologías disruptivas
Authors: Vañó Vañó María José
Published: February 2023

La digitalización del sector agroproductor es un hecho, aunque todavía sigue siendo lenta y necesita de herramientas que le resulten de fácil implementación en sus organizaciones y además les permitan interactuar con otros agroproductores sin alterar las reglas de la libre competencia. En este trabajo ofrecemos las claves para la aplicación de las tecnologías disruptivas en el sector de las cooperativas agroalimentarias, formulando propuestas concretas de implantación de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en sus respectivas organizaciones. Las TICs han llegado para mejorar las funciones de las organizaciones y de sus actividades, pero además, para proveer a las entidades de las herramientas necesarias para interactuar en la trazabilidad de productos o de servicios, lo que favorecerá la difusión de la marca, la comercialización de productos o servicios, mayor creatividad e innovación y como consecuencia de todo ello, se logrará un mejor acceso a los canales de financiación.
Barreras al uso de fórmulas de emprendimiento social en el spin-off y start-up. El caso de las cooperativas y sociedades laborales en España
Authors: Juliá Igual Juan Francisco , Palau Ramírez Felipe , Meliá Martí Elena , Corberá Martínez José
Published: February 2023

En 2021 se presentó el Plan de Acción Europeo para la Economía Social en el que la Comisión viene trabajando junto a los representantes del sector y otros agentes sociales. Asimismo, la Unión Europea está desarrollando diferentes acciones que apuestan por el uso intensivo del conocimiento en las actividades económicas sin descuidar valores sociales como la sostenibilidad e igualdad de oportunidades, lo que aconseja aunar cambio tecnológico con progreso social, incrementando los procesos de emprendimiento basados en la economía social como soporte organizativo. Por otro lado, hay que ampliar la orientación que suele acompañar a las llamadas de las spin-off, start-up y EBT’s basadas en la generación, transferencia y explotación de conocimiento, hacia fórmulas que no se basen exclusivamente en el capital. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta contribución es identificar las barreras específicas que, además de las genéricas que suelen afectar a todo proceso de emprendimiento, también se presentan en el emprendimiento mediante spin-off o start-up con figuras propias de la economía social, como son las cooperativas y sociedades laborales.
La nueva Economía Social del Dato (ESD)
Authors: Pastor Sempere Carmen
Published: February 2023

El plan de acción europeo para la Economía Social (Building an economy that works for people: an action plan for the social economy), es una oportunidad única para construir la economía social del “Dato”. Ello será clave en las estrategias para hacer frente a los retos que suponen la economía del Dato y los cambios sociales que desencadenarán, así como ayudar a abordar los problemas ambientales y transformar la forma en que administramos nuestras plataformas. La economía social digital podría cambiar fundamentalmente la forma en que los datos, los activos y los recursos laborales se valoran y comercializan, empoderando e incentivando a individuos, empresas y gobiernos a cooperar liberando valor financiero de cosas que actualmente se desperdician, descartan o tratan como económicamente invaluables. Next Generation Internet (NGI) podría impulsar un cambio generalizado de comportamiento y ayudar a realizar una economía del Dato verdaderamente democrática y sostenible.
Las empresas sociales como entidades de la economía social en el Plan de Acción Europeo. Propuestas lege ferenda para su reconocimiento en España en la Ley 5/2011 de Economía Social
Authors: Vargas Vasserot Carlos
Published: February 2023

El presente artículo trata de las empresas sociales como una categoría societaria especial que el Plan de Acción para la Economía Social (PAES), presentado por la Comisión Europea a finales de 2021, ha incluido dentro de su ámbito. El PAES rompe así con la técnica usada por la mayoría de leyes de la economía social del mundo, incluida las españolas, que sólo reconocen como entidades de la economía social a las que se constituyan como una de las formas jurídicas tipificadas como tales, como son las cooperativas, mutualidades, fundaciones y las asociaciones. El trabajo comienza analizando el concepto de economía social que contiene el PAES, para después exponer los argumentos para defender que no todas las empresas de la economía social son empresas sociales. Posteriormente se realiza una breve recopilación de varios conceptos de empresa social desarrollados por la doctrina económica que revelan una gran diversidad de enfoques. A continuación, se analizan varios documentos publicados por la Unión Europea, desde de la Iniciativa en favor del emprendimiento social de 2011 hasta el reciente PAES, que señalan las notas que caracterizan a las empresas sociales independientemente de la forma jurídica que tengan. También se exponen los resultados obtenidos del análisis de diferentes ordenamientos jurídicos europeos, donde se distinguen tres modelos principales de regulación jurídica de las empresas sociales. El artículo concluye explorando las distintas vías que tiene el legislador español para regular las empresas sociales, señalando la oportunidad de reformar la Ley 5/2011 a través de la anunciada Ley Integral de Impulso de la Economía Social.
Sacral Neuromodulation Therapy for Urinary and Fecal Incontinence in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Report of 6 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Thys Erika , Sasse Kent
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Urinary incontinence (UI) and fecal incontinence (FI) are challenging manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS) that have historically been treated with limited success. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has provided successful resolution of UI and FI in the general population and in patients with neurologic conditions, including MS. We report on 6 patients with MS-related incontinence treated successfully with SNM and review the literature.

METHODS

Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with MS seeking treatment for incontinence. Six patients were identified, and each is presented with follow-up assessment of the severity of UI or FI.

RESULTS

All 6 individuals with MS had severe incontinence that had been refractory to therapies that included medications and pelvic floor physical therapy. Five patients reported severe UI and 2 patients reported severe FI. Each patient was successfully treated with SNM, with large reductions of incontinence scores and improved quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS

In this case series, SNM was effective as a treatment for UI and FI among patients with MS. These findings confirm other published series that have reported the success of SNM in patients with MS with incontinence. Sacral neuromodulation should be considered as a potential treatment option for patients with MS and UI and/or FI.
Sediment microbial community structure associated to different ecological types of mangroves in Celestún, a coastal lagoon in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Gómez-Acata Elizabeth Selene , Teutli Claudia , Falcón Luisa I. , García-Maldonado José Q. , Prieto-Davó Alejandra , Yanez-Montalvo Alfredo , Cadena Santiago , Chiappa-Carrara Xavier , Herrera-Silveira Jorge A.
Published: February 2023

Mangroves are unique coastal ecosystems, which have many important ecological functions, as they are a reservoir of many marine species well adapted to saline conditions and are fundamental as sites of carbon storage. Although the microbial contribution to nutrient cycling in these ecosystems has been well recognized, there is a lack of information regarding the microbial composition and structure of different ecological types of mangrove forests. In this study, we characterized the microbial community (Bacteria and Archaea) in sediments associated with five ecological types of mangrove forests in a coastal lagoon dominated by Avicennia germinans and Rhizophora mangle, through 16S rRNA-V4 gene sequencing. Overall, Proteobacteria (51%), Chloroflexi (12%), Gemmatimonadetes (5%) and Planctomycetes (6%) were the most abundant bacterial phyla, while Thaumarchaeota (30%), Bathyarchaeota (21%) and Nanoarchaeaeota (18%) were the dominant archaeal phyla. The microbial composition associated with basin mangroves dominated by Avicennia germinans was significantly different from the other ecological types, which becomes relevant for restoration strategies.
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveal the effect of mechanical stress on sugar metabolism in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) post-harvest
Authors: Hao Zhilong , Tan Yanping , Feng Jiao , Lin Hongzheng , Sun Zhilin , Zhuang Jia Yun , Chen Qianlian , Jin Xinyi , Sun Yun
Published: February 2023

Sugar metabolites not only act as the key compounds in tea plant response to stress but are also critical for tea quality formation during the post-harvest processing of tea leaves. However, the mechanisms by which sugar metabolites in post-harvest tea leaves respond to mechanical stress are unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical stress on saccharide metabolites and related post-harvest tea genes. Withered (C15) and mechanically-stressed (V15) for 15 min Oolong tea leaves were used for metabolome and transcriptome sequencing analyses. We identified a total of 19 sugar metabolites, most of which increased in C15 and V15. A total of 69 genes related to sugar metabolism were identified using transcriptome analysis, most of which were down-regulated in C15 and V15. To further understand the relationship between the down-regulated genes and sugar metabolites, we analyzed the sucrose and starch, galactose, and glycolysis metabolic pathways, and found that several key genes of invertase (INV), α-amylase (AMY), β-amylase (BMY), aldose 1-epimerase (AEP), and α-galactosidase (AGAL) were down-regulated. This inhibited the hydrolysis of sugars and might have contributed to the enrichment of galactose and D-mannose in V15. Additionally, galactinol synthase (Gols), raffinose synthase (RS), hexokinase (HXK), 6-phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1), and pyruvate kinase (PK) genes were significantly upregulated in V15, promoting the accumulation of D-fructose-6-phosphate (D-Fru-6P), D-glucose-6-phosphate (D-glu-6P), and D-glucose. Transcriptome and metabolome association analysis showed that the glycolysis pathway was enhanced and the hydrolysis rate of sugars related to hemicellulose synthesis slowed in response to mechanical stress. In this study, we explored the role of sugar in the response of post-harvest tea leaves to mechanical stress by analyzing differences in the expression of sugar metabolites and related genes. Our results improve the understanding of post-harvest tea’s resistance to mechanical stress and the associated mechanism of sugar metabolism. The resulting treatment may be used to control the quality of Oolong tea.