bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Printed Titanium Scaffolds with Bi‐Directional Gradient QK‐Functionalized Surface
Authors: Sun Xiaoyun , Zhong Ru , Wu Congcong , Ye Silin , Yuan Haipeng , Fang Zhou , Chen Junjian , Cheng Delin , Hao Lijing , Chu Lei , Wang Lin
Published: January 2025

3D printed titanium scaffold has promising applications in orthopedics. However, the bioinert titanium presents challenges for promoting vascularization and tissue growth within the porous scaffold for stable osteointegration. In this study, a modular porous titanium scaffold is created using 3D printing and a gradient‐surface strategy to immobilize QK peptide on the surface with a bi‐directional gradient distribution. This design featured high peptide density in the interior and low peptide density on both ends, aiming to induce cell migration from ends to interior and subsequently enhance vascularization and osteointegration within the scaffold. In vitro results showed that besides the inherent bioactivity, the gradient distribution of QK positively correlated with endothelial cell migration and promoted angiogenesis. In vivo assay was performed by a segmental bone defect model in rabbit and a spine repair model in sheep. Various staining and Micro‐CT results demonstrated that compared to that with uniformly QK‐functionalized surface, the scaffold with bi‐directional gradient QK‐functionalized surface (Ti‐G) significantly encouraged new tissue growth toward the interior of the scaffold, subsequently facilitated angiogenesis and osteointegration. This study provides an effective strategy for enhancing the bioactivity of peptide‐functionalized scaffolds through the concept of bi‐directional gradients, and holds potential for various 3D printed scaffolds.
Overcoming Energy‐Scaling Barriers: Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis on High‐Entropy Alloy Catalysts
Authors: Yin Di , Li Bowen , Gao Boxiang , Chen Mengxue , Chen Dong , Meng You , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Chenxu , Quan Quan , Chen Lijie , Yang Cheng , Wong Chun‐Yuen , Ho Johnny Chung Yin
Published: January 2025

Electrochemically converting nitrate (NO3−) to value‐added ammonia (NH3) is a complex process involving an eight‐electron transfer and numerous intermediates, presenting a significant challenge for optimization. A multi‐elemental synergy strategy to regulate the local electronic structure at the atomic level is proposed, creating a broad adsorption energy landscape in high‐entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts. This approach enables optimal adsorption and desorption of various intermediates, effectively overcoming energy‐scaling limitations for efficient NH3 electrosynthesis. The HEA catalyst achieved a high Faradaic efficiency of 94.5 ± 4.3% and a yield rate of 10.2 ± 0.5 mg h−1 mgcat−1. It also demonstrated remarkable stability over 250 h in an integrated three‐chamber device, coupling electrocatalysis with an ammonia recovery unit for continuous NH3 collection. This work elucidates the catalytic mechanisms of multi‐functional HEA systems and offers new perspectives for optimizing multi‐step reactions by circumventing adsorption‐energy scaling limitations.
Iron‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative and Deconstructive Cross‐Coupling of Acrylic Acids with Ketone‐Derived Dihydroquinazolinones
Authors: Lu Xiao‐Yu , Su Meng‐Xue , Huang Hua‐Yi , Qian Yu‐Jun , Sun Hai‐Lun , Li Xiang , Hu Xin‐Ru , Dong Hao‐Yu
Published: January 2025

Herein, an iron‐catalyzed protocol for the aromatization‐driven deconstruction and decarboxylation of ketone‐derived dihydroquinazolinones in reaction with unsaturated carboxylic acids is reported. A diverse range of fluoroacrylic acids and cinnamic acids reacted effectively with dihydroquinazolinones, yielding essential monofluoroalkenes and alkenes with excellent stereoselectivity. Additionally, spiro‐dihydroquinazolinones served as suitable substrates, facilitating the synthesis of valuable quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones featuring alkene motifs. This protocol is notable for its operational simplicity and versatility, enabling the chemical diversification of active molecules.
SMAD4 Pathogenic Variants in Seven New Brazilian Individuals With Myhre Syndrome Including a New Family
Authors: Spineli‐Silva Samira , Pontes Larissa Bretanha , de Leeuw Nicole , Correia‐Costa Gabriela Roldão , de Wallau Melissa Bittencourt , Versiani Beatriz Ribeiro , Mazzeu Juliana Forte , Boy Raquel , Gil‐da‐Silva‐Lopes Vera Lúcia , Vieira Társis Paiva
Published: January 2025

Myhre syndrome is a rare disorder caused by pathogenic gain‐of‐function variants in the SMAD4 gene. Most of the patients have had de novo variants. There are several instances of autosomal dominant inheritance, and penetrance appears to be complete. We describe seven Brazilian patients, three of whom are siblings carrying the recurrent c.1486C>T p.(Arg496Cys) variant in SMAD4 inherited from the father. The other three patients are unrelated simplex cases. All affected individuals have clinical features commonly found in Myhre syndrome, including typical dysmorphic facial features, with intra‐ and interfamilial clinical heterogeneity. Five of the patients have developmental delay and/or clinical signs of intellectual disability. However, only one had neuropsychological testing. Only one patient had a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. As in previously reported families, this new family has the same c.1486C>T p.(Arg496Cys) variant. This is the first study describing Brazilian patients with Myhre syndrome, highlighting the clinical variability of this rare disease. We reinforce the need to investigate the parents to provide appropriate genetic counseling.
Dendritic Platinum Nanoparticles Shielded by Pt‐S PEGylation as Intracellular Reactors for Bioorthogonal Uncaging Chemistry
Authors: Garcia‐Peiro Jose I. , Ortega‐Liebana M. Carmen , Adam Catherine , Lorente‐Macías Álvaro , Travnickova Jana , Patton E. Elizabeth , Guerrero‐López Paula , Garcia‐Aznar J. Manuel , Hueso Jose L. , Santamaria Jesus , Unciti‐Broceta Asier
Published: January 2025

Beyond their classical role as cytotoxics, Platinum (Pt) coordination complexes recently joined the selected group of transition metals capable of performing bioorthogonal reactions in living environments. To minimize their reactivity towards nucleophiles, which limit their catalytic performance, we investigated the use of Pt(0) with different forms, sizes and surface functionalization. We report herein the development of PEGylated Pt nanodendrites with the capacity to activate prodyes and prodrugs in cell culture and in vivo. Their dendritic morphology together with their surface shielding through Pt−S‐bonded PEGylation synergistically contributed to create catalytic nanoreactors compatible with the highly‐crowded and reductive environment of the cell cytoplasm, thereby facilitating in situ bioorthogonal drug uncaging in cancer cells in 2D and 3D culture, including in microfluidic systems, and xenografted in zebrafish.
High protein sunflower‐based edible coating to preserve roasted sunflower seeds
Authors: Valentinuzzi María Cecilia , Camiletti Ornella Francina , Grosso Nelson Rubén
Published: January 2025

The application of edible coatings allows the shelf life of food products to be extended, since they provide physical resistance, reduce the moisture exchange of the product, and also reduce oxygen permeability, avoiding chemical changes such as nutrient oxidation. The objective of this study was to develop an edible coating made from sunflower protein flour and apply it to roasted sunflower seeds as a preservation procedure for this food product. Roasted sunflower seeds were prepared with and without sunflower coating and stored for 60 days at room temperature. Samples were extracted every 15 days to determine the peroxide values (PV), conjugated dienes (CD) and volatile compounds. The uncoated seeds showed the highest PV (83.7 mEqO2/kg at Day 15 and 149.2 mEqO2/kg at Day 60), while the coated seeds presented lower values (39.2 and 69.3 mEqO2/kg at 15 and 60 days, respectively). Regarding the DC values, this parameter also showed the same behavior as PV. Thirteen volatile compounds were identified in analyzed samples (by GC–MS), where hexanal, 2‐octenal and nonanal showed significant variations. The uncoated sunflower seeds showed a greater release of volatile compounds. According to the correlation analysis, hexanal presented the highest correlation value between CD and PV in coated (0.76 and 0.79, respectively) and uncoated seeds (0.70 and 0.91, respectively). The obtained results suggest that, although the oxidative reactions occur in roasted sunflower seeds, the application of the coating delays this deterioration process, slows down the oxidation of lipids and contributes to prolonging the useful life of this product.
Manganese Peroxidase Participates in the Liquid–Solid–Gas Triphase Regulation on Microbial Degradation of Lignocellulose in Solid‐State Fermentation
Authors: Zhu Lei , Ding Juan , Xue Wenjing , Zhou Shu , Wang Longyu , Jiang Ailiang , Zhao Mingwen , He Qin , Ren Ang
Published: January 2025

The three‐phase structure of solid‐state fermentation (SSF) directly affects substrate degradation and fermentation efficiency. However, the mechanism of three‐phase regulation on lignocellulose utilization and microbial metabolism is still unclear. Based on comparative transcriptome analysis, a lignocellulose degrading enzyme, manganese peroxidase (GlMnP), which was significantly affected by water stress meanwhile related to triphase utilization, was screened to reveal the mechanism using Ganoderma lucidum as the reference strain. The results showed that GlMnP directly participates in lignocellulose degradation by positively regulating the activity of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), filter paper (FPAse), and laccase (LACase) enzymes, and indirectly participates in lignocellulose degradation by negatively regulating the redox levels in microorganisms. In addition, GlMnP can also control microbial glycolysis rate to enhance lignocellulose utilization. The results indicated that GlMnP participates in the liquid–solid–gas triphase regulation on lignocellulose degradation by G. lucidum in SSF.
Impact of Financial Toxicity on the Health‐Related Quality of Life and Financial Well‐Being of Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Comparative Study of the United Kingdom and United States
Authors: Ngan Tran Thu , Tonorezos Emily , Donnelly Michael , O'Neill Ciaran
Published: January 2025

Background

This study investigated and compared the impact of financial toxicity (FT) on the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and financial well‐being of cancer patients and survivors in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US).

Methods

UK & US participants (n = 600) completed an online questionnaire that consisted of a validated FT instrument (COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity‐COST), a standardised HRQoL instrument (EQ‐5D‐5L) and questions related to their financial well‐being. Tobit regression models and descriptive statistics plus χ2 tests were used to analyse the association between FT and (i) HRQoL whilst controlling for sociodemographic characteristics; and (ii) financial well‐being.

Results

In the UK, health utilities of participants with no assessed experience of FT, mild FT, and moderate/severe FT were 0.81, 0.66, and 0.41, respectively, compared to 0.88, 0.71, and 0.53 in the US. Among those with moderate/severe FT, US participants had significantly higher health utilities compared to their peers in the UK (Mann Whitney test, p = 0.0369). In a pooled analysis of UK and US and after controlling for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, mild and moderate/severe FT was negatively associated with health utilities (β coff = −0.13, 95% CI: −0.18, −0.08 and β coff = −0.28, 95% CI: −0.34, −0.21, respectively). Over half (54%) of US participants with FT were in debt with median (IQR) debt at I$11,500 (23,000), compared to 32% in the UK with median (IQR) debt at I$ 7200 (12,960). US participants with FT were 2.48 times more likely to be in debt than UK participants with FT (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.46–4.21).

Conclusions

FT is associated with poorer financial well‐being and HRQoL among cancer patients/survivors in the US and UK. The impact of FT on financial well‐being is larger in the US while the impact on HRQoL is worse in the UK. Further studies using prospective data are required to investigate the nature and extent of these relationships.
‘Why Don't We Get Counselling?’: Comparing NICE Guidelines for Morphological and Genetic Cancer Risk Diagnoses
Authors: Davies Elspeth
Published: January 2025

Background

In the UK's National Health Service (NHS), there is specific psychosocial care offered to people with genetic cancer risk conditions but not morphological cancer risk conditions. As researchers develop new ways to diagnose morphological risk conditions, including precancers and in situ cancers, it is important to consider the psychosocial care that those diagnosed might require.

Objectives

This study compares the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's guidelines for BRCA1/2, which are genetic risk conditions, and Barrett's oesophagus (BO), a morphological risk condition. It then theorises reasons for the similarities and differences made visible by this comparative work.

Methods

The author completed an in‐depth analysis of two sets of NICE guidelines, before carrying out a review of historical and social scientific literature on cancer risk to offer potential explanations for the disparities identified.

Results

The ‘right not to know’ is protected in the case of BRCA1/2 diagnoses, but not BO. Additionally, specialist counselling is required for people receiving diagnoses of genetic risk but not offered for those diagnosed with morphological risk conditions. The paper offers four possible reasons for these disparities, concluding that they appear to be in large part due to historic genetic exceptionalism, rather than differences in patients' needs.

Conclusion

There may be a need to consider offering further psychosocial care to people with morphological risk conditions like BO. Lessons might be learnt from the field of genetic counselling.
Adalimumab‐Induced Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Cases Presenting With Malar Rash and Panniculitis
Authors: Mansouri Parvin , Bidari‐Zerehpoosh Farahnaz , Mozafari Nikoo
Published: January 2025

Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors are commonly used for management of various autoimmune disorders but can rarely cause isolated cutaneous lupus. This report presents two cases of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) in women aged 38 and 61 after adalimumab treatment for psoriasis highlighting the importance of recognizing these paradoxical reactions for timely management.
Bronchoscopic lung lavage and exogenous surfactant successfully reverse respiratory failure after severe chlorine exposure: A pediatric case report
Authors: Papoff Paola , D'Agostino Benedetto , Cicchetti Roberto , Bitti Antonella , Pennetta Valentina , Caresta Elena
Published: January 2025

Key Clinical Message

Although the symptoms of accidental chlorine inhalation are typically mild, severe exposure can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We present a case of pediatric ARDS due to chlorine exposure in which lung lavage and exogenous surfactant were successful in avoiding more invasive and costly treatments.

Chlorine inhalation as a result of swimming pool chlorination accidents is relatively common. Because symptoms are typically mild (cough and bronchospasm), complications such as severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are identified at a late stage, which places the patient's life at risk and necessitates highly invasive interventions. We present a case of severe ARDS in a 14‐year‐old boy following accidental exposure to chlorine powder. Upon arrival in the pediatric emergency department, the patient received oxygen administration, nebulized salbutamol, and intravenous steroids because of dyspnea and cyanosis. Despite this treatment, the patient's respiratory condition deteriorated. Early intubation and lung‐protective ventilation transitorily improved hypoxemia. Given the underlying pathophysiology of chlorine lung injury characterized by surfactant dysfunction, the boy was treated with repeated bronchoscopic lung lavages followed by exogenous surfactant (Curosurf 30 mg/kg total), 1 h after intubation and subsequently after 6 and 12 h, when he achieved a significant and stable reduction in ventilatory requirements. This case study illustrates the beneficial effects of target therapy with bronchoscopic lung lavage followed by exogenous surfactant in chlorine related ARDS to prevent more invasive and costly treatments.
Development of a Genetic Algorithm Tool for the Optimization of the Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Wang Hongxin , Haidn Oskar , Abbasi Mehdi , Nugymanova Aizhan , Shvab Jaroslaw , Slavinskaya Nadezda
Published: January 2025

This work presents an automatic optimization tool using the genetic algorithm (GA) for the chemical kinetic model of methanol (CH3OH) oxidation. A total of 54 parameters of 40 important reactions of the reaction model have been optimized. Ignition delay times measured in shock tubes, concentration profiles measured in plug flow reactors, and laminar flame speeds were used for the model validation. Compared to the results of the initial model, the optimized model exhibits a significantly improved predictive capability for the experimental targets. The GA tool developed in this study has been proven effective for optimizing detailed chemical kinetics models.
Controllable Self‐Assembly Morphologies of PPV‐Based Block Copolymers
Authors: Han Liang , He Feng
Published: January 2025

Poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV) is a classic semiconducting π‐conjugated polymer with outstanding optical and electronic properties, which shows important applications in the fields of optoelectronic, such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). In the working process of the device, the microstate of PPV decides its property. Therefore, it is significant to achieve ordered morphologies based on PPV at micro scale. Due to the long rigid backbone and large area of delocalized electron, PPV has a strong tendency towards ordered aggregation through intermolecular π‐π interaction, and “rod‐coil” type block copolymer (BCP) based on PPV with a corona chain to improve the solubility is always built for self‐assembly in situ solution. However, obtaining regular PPV based micro‐/nano‐structures in a controllable and uniform form remains challenging. In this review, we summarize the progresses in constructing multi‐dimensional regular self‐assembly morphologies based on PPV BCPs and exploring the application potential of these delicate functional nanomaterials. The molecular design strategy and growth mechanism can be extended to regulate the aggregation state of functional semiconducting conjugated polymers, which is beneficial to improving their performance in application of microelectronics, optoelectronics, biology and so on.
New design of two‐dimensional LQ control for batch processes with iterative learning error compensation
Authors: Hu Chonggao , Bai Jianjun , Zou Hongbo
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a two‐dimensional infinite horizon linear quadratic iterative learning control (2D‐IHLQILC) strategy based on error compensation. The strategy aims to address the shortcomings of one‐dimensional infinite horizon linear quadratic control (1D‐IHLQC), which is unable to utilize historical batch information. Firstly, a novel extended state space model is established to describe the batch process, which provides more degrees of freedom for the controller design and enables additional adjustment of the batch process input increment and output increment. Secondly, an error compensation strategy is introduced using historical batch information, which extends the novel extended state‐space model from one to two dimensions and can effectively deal with the time delay problem. Finally, a novel 2D‐IHLQILC controller is designed, which empowers the controller to learn iteratively from historical batch information to improve the control performance batch by batch and to achieve full tracking of the setpoint trajectory. The effectiveness of the 2D‐IHLQILC is tested on the holding pressure control in the injection moulding process as an example.
How to create learning opportunities for sustainable learning success in the context of education for sustainable development
Authors: Bommersheim Stefanie , Heuper Wolfgang , Schütz Tobias
Published: January 2025

Angesichts der globalen Herausforderungen ist eine Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) im Sinne der Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) der Vereinten Nationen unverzichtbarer Teil des Chemieunterrichts. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie Schülerinnen und Schüler zur Teilnahme am Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurs angeleitet werden.

Der Blick wird auf die Prozessqualität des Lehrens und Lernens und damit auf die Tiefenstruktur des Unterrichts gerichtet. Sie zeigt sich in der Qualität der Interaktionen der Lernenden mit dem Lerngegenstand sowie der Interaktionen zwischen den Beteiligten. Eine Konkretisierung erfolgt anhand der Merkmale kognitive Aktivierung, diskursfördernde Moderation, Verständnisorientierung und konstruktive Unterstützung.

Dazu wird ein BNE‐Unterrichtsbeispiel vorgestellt, in dem es um den Vergleich der Effizienz eines mit E‐Fuels betriebenen Verbrennungsmotors mit der eines batterieelektrischen Antriebes geht.
How (Not) to Measure Companies' Climate Transition Risk: A Framework and Categorized Literature Review
Authors: Fliegel Philip
Published: January 2025

The climate transition is increasingly acknowledged as a major risk driver for companies, financial institutions, and investors. At the same time, there is widespread confusion about how to best measure climate transition risk, since different measurements lead to significantly different risk profiles. I show empirically that, to date, the two most common proxies for climate transition risk are CO2 and E(SG) score data. I further contribute to the transition risk literature by proposing a comprehensive 10‐category framework, specifically tailored toward assessing climate transition risk proxies. I apply the framework by executing the first category‐led literature review on the quality of both CO2 data and E‐scores as proxies for climate transition risk. I find that both data types are dynamic and strong in terms of granularity as well as usability; but have shortcomings across a multitude of categories: bias, availability, comparability, the backward‐looking nature of the metrics, and transition risk specificity being the most severe issues. I urge scholars to reflect on these shortcomings as they could significantly distort results. As a minimum, scholars should test for the robustness of their results when relying solely on ESG or CO2 data to classify transition risk. Therefore, I propose both within and between transition risk metric robustness tests, which are not yet commonly used in the literature. I close by introducing and discussing alternative proxies for climate transition risk, such as EU taxonomy alignment, sector/technology classifications, or innovative combinations of risk metrics. I argue that scholars should consider these alternatives since they are potentially less biased, more specific to transition risk, comparable, and available. I thereby contribute to a better measurement of companies' transition risk, which is a key prerequisite for accurately managing and correctly pricing climate transition risk.
The Impact of Ligand Structure and Reaction Temperature on Ethenolysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Catalyzed by Spirocyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene Ru Complexes
Authors: Afanaseva Anna V. , Vinogradov Alexander A. , Vinogradov Alexey A. , Minyaev Mikhail E. , Pyatakov Dmitry A. , Tavtorkin Alexander N. , Bagrov Vladimir V. , Ivchenko Pavel V. , Nifant'ev Ilya E.
Published: January 2025

Spirocyclic alkyl amino carbene (SCAAC) Ru complexes demonstrate outstanding activity and selectivity in ethenolysis of methyl oleate (MO) or fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and 5,6‐dimethoxyindane derivative was the most active catalyst to date. For the further catalyst design, we proposed modifying the spirocyclic fragment by fusion of saturated carbo‐ or heterocycle, linked to the 5,6‐positions of indane or 6,7‐ positions of tetralin. Another suggested way of the modification of SCAAC complex was the insertion of chromane fragment to the carbene ligand. Using an alternative approach to SCAAC ligand precursors, based on hydroformylation of indenes, dihydronaphthalenes and their analogs, new SCAAC complexes were synthesized, their cis‐configuration was confirmed by XRD. Comparative study of new and known selected complexes in ethenolysis of FAMEs (84 wt% MO) revealed that each of SCAAC catalysts has a temperature optimum of activity. At 60 °C 0.5 ppm of the complex containing 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroanthracene spirocyclic fragment provided 56 % conversion of FAMEs with TON=1.1⋅106; 0.25 ppm of this complex in ethenolysis of high‐purity MO demonstrated the TON ~2⋅106, leading among the catalysts under study. In ethenolysis of FAMEs chromane derivative showed TON of 4–6⋅105 and unprecedented temperature‐independent 99.7–99.9 % selectivity at 15–60 °C.
Kin Competition Drives the Evolution of Earlier Metamorphosis
Authors: Dong Bing , Gardner Andy
Published: January 2025

Metamorphosis, the discrete morphological change between postembryonic life stages, is widespread across the animal kingdom. The suggested advantages of metamorphosis have usually been framed in terms of population benefits, i.e., ecological explanations. In contrast, evolutionary explanations concern whether and how metamorphosis spreads through a population owing to individual‐fitness benefits. However, how kin selection modulates evolution of metamorphosis remains to be investigated formally. Here we develop a mathematical model to investigate how kin selection shapes the optimal timing of metamorphosis from foraging, non‐reproductive larva to reproductive adult, when larvae tend to cluster with their genetic relatives. We consider the full range of larval competition intensities—from no competition to full competition—and the full range of relatedness coefficients—from unrelated to clonality. We provide testable predictions as to how kin selection modulates the timing of metamorphosis, as well as a conceptual framework within which empirical observations may be understood.
Precision microbial regulation: Strategies for modulating GIT microbiota for host health
Authors: Zhong Pei , Li Qin , Zhang Yanmei , Guo Cheng , Abdelsattar Mahmoud M. , Bi Yanliang
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in analytical techniques have unveiled the spatiotemporal diversity of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota and their associations with host well‐being. Despite these insights, the precise regulation of GIT microbiota remains a significant challenge. Currently, microbial regulatory strategies, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), synthetic microbial communities (SynComs), genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs), phages, and nanomaterials, are increasingly utilized for their precise influence on GIT microbiota. This review emphasizes the necessity for developing targeted regulatory strategies in GIT and provides a comprehensive summary and comparison of these approaches to explore their regulatory potential. We discuss recent advancements in these strategies, focusing on their mechanisms, efficacy, safety considerations, clinical trials, and optimization at the application level. Finally, we highlight support methods for optimizing modulation strategies, including the timing of microbial regulation, the selection of microbial targets, and the importance of monitoring the gastrointestinal environment to guide effective microbial interventions.
Characterization of PuO2 With Visible and UV Raman Spectroscopy: Discrimination Between the Bulk, Surface, and an Intermediate Disordered Layer
Authors: Villa‐Aleman Eliel , Darvin Jason R. , Dick Don D. , Shehee Thomas C. , Foley Bryan J.
Published: January 2025

Raman spectroscopy is an ideal tool in the characterization of materials including PuO2. The wavelength‐dependent absorptivity of the material defines the light penetration depth and the relative Raman scattering contribution from the bulk and the surface. The surface contribution to the total Raman scattering was investigated for PuO2 calcined at various temperatures and recorded with laser wavelengths of 355, 325, and 244 nm. These experiments provided the first glimpse of the wavelength‐dependent disappearance and emergence of new phonons and electronic bands from the PuO2 surface layers. The first indication of the wavelength transition in the Raman spectra was the loss of the 2LO2 (overtone, ~1155 cm−1) band and the weakening intensity of the Г1 → Γ5 electronic band (~2135 cm−1) with the 355‐nm excitation laser. The Γ5 electronic band was barely visible with the 244‐nm excitation. The electronic band located at ~1050 cm−1, corresponding to the Г1 → Γ4 electronic transition was observed to dramatically increase in intensity while the Г1 → Γ3 electronic band (2640 cm−1) sharpened as the UV wavelength was increased in energy from the near‐ to deep‐UV (355–325–244 nm). The FWHM of the T2g band was found to vary with calcination temperature (450°C and 900°C) with the 325‐nm laser and the 244‐nm laser. The T2g band attributes, the strong emergence of the Г1 → Γ4 electronic band, and the disappearance of the 2LO2 overtone acquired with the 244‐nm excitation for the different calcination temperatures suggest a shallow penetration depth.
Open Partial Horizontal Laryngectomy in the Elderly: Oncological and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Bertolin Andy , Succo Giovanni , Crosetti Erika , Varago Chiara , Laura Elisa , Franz Leonardo , Nguyen Thi K.H. , Di Chicco Alessandra , Battistuzzi Veronica , Grassetto Alberto , Lionello Marco
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to investigate the oncological and functional prognostic implication of perioperative risk factors in the elderly patient who underwent open partial horizontal laryngectomy (OPHL).

Study Design

A single institution, retrospective case–cohort study.

Methods

The present study retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of a cohort of 100 elderly laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients who underwent OPHL at our institution. Oncological and functional results were evaluated through univariate analysis.

Results

The overall recurrence rate was 19%. The 2 years overall and disease‐specific survivals were 72% and 90%, respectively. No perioperative deaths were reported. A postoperative complication was reported in 20 cases (20%). Fifty‐four patients (54%) were decannulated during the hospitalization. A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy procedure was performed in 12 patients (12%) due to persistent dysphagia. Twenty‐six patients experienced postoperative late sequelae (26%), in terms of postoperative laryngeal obstruction (POLO) in 17 cases. A total of 80 patients (80%) were finally successfully decannulated. A functional total laryngectomy was performed in 6 cases.

Conclusions

The indication to OPHL should be carefully evaluated in the elderly. In appropriately selected patient, OPHL represents a safe and effective therapeutic option. Cervical positive nodes and an incomplete resection of the tumor with positive surgical margins remain in such population the main prognostic factors for the oncological outcome, these factors have a negative impact on the functional outcome too, due to the need for adjuvant treatment. Hence, OPHL should be offered as a single‐modality treatment especially in the elderly.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2025
Firm Performance on Artificial Intelligence Implementation
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Kui , Lin Jheng‐Siang
Published: January 2025

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a focal point in academic and business research. With breakthroughs in learning algorithms, AI applications in business operations are increasingly practical and impactful. AI offers tools for market analysis, decision‐making support, and innovations in business models and processes, presenting a significant turning point for firms. Despite this, questions remain about whether AI implementation yields measurable business value or is merely a trend, challenging enterprises and managers. This study provides a significant contribution by empirically examining AI impact on firm‐level performance through three key indicators: financial performance, productivity, and market value. Drawing on internal financial perspectives, this research reveals that while AI adoption enhances financial performance and market value, the advantages for AI first movers and better performers are not uniformly positive across all indicators. This nuanced analysis offers managers and stakeholders a deeper understanding of the tangible value of AI, guiding more informed implementation strategies.
Two‐Grid Finite Element Method for the Time‐Fractional Allen–Cahn Equation With the Logarithmic Potential
Authors: Zhang Jiyu , Li Xiaocui , Ma Wenyan
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a two‐grid finite element method for solving the time‐fractional Allen–Cahn equation with the logarithmic potential. Firstly, with the L1 method to approximate Caputo fractional derivative, we solve the fully discrete time‐fractional Allen–Cahn equation on a coarse grid with mesh size and time step size . Then, we solve the linearized system with the nonlinear term replaced by the value of the first step on a fine grid with mesh size and the same time step size . We obtain the energy stability of the two‐grid finite element method and the optimal order of convergence of the two‐grid finite element method in the L2 norm when the mesh size satisfies . The theoretical results are confirmed by arithmetic examples, which indicate that the two‐grid finite element method can keep the same convergence rate and save the CPU time.
Association Between Healthful Plant‐Based Dietary Pattern and Obesity Trajectories and Future Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle‐Aged and Elderly: A Prospective and Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Fan Zhixing , Yang Chaojun , Zhao Chenyu , Wu Hui , Wang Huibo , Yang Ying , Li Qi , Yang Jian
Published: January 2025

We aimed to explore the association between plant‐based dietary (PBD) patterns and obesity trajectories in middle‐aged and elderly, as well as obesity trajectories linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A total of 7108 middle‐aged and elderly UK Biobank participants with at least three physical measurements were included. Dietary information collected at enrolment was used to calculate the healthful plant‐based diet index (hPDI). Group‐based trajectory modeling identified two trajectories for each adiposity measure: BMI Low‐Smooth and High‐Growth‐Decline; FMI Low‐Smooth and High‐Growth‐Decline; WHR Low‐Growth and High‐Growth. Logistic regression showed that participants in the medium and high hPDI groups were less likely to follow the BMI High‐Growth‐Decline (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60–0.87; OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.39–0.61), FMI High‐Growth‐Decline (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.60–0.84; OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.46–0.66), and WHR High‐Growth (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.61–0.87; OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.43–0.63) trajectories. After a median follow‐up time of 3.88 years, Cox regression showed higher CVD risk for participants in these trajectories (HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.37–2.11; HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.37–2.06; HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04–1.63). A healthy PBD pattern was associated with the maintenance of a healthy BMI classification. Furthermore, the long‐term stabilization of a healthy BMI classification may be linked to a reduced risk of CVD.
Novel Machine‐Learning Modeling of Facial Trauma Volume With Regional Event and Weather Data
Authors: Sharma Rahul K. , Papazian Michael R. , Lubner Rory J. , Barna Alexander J. , Yang Shiayin F. , Stephan Scott J. , Patel Priyesh N.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Facial trauma volume is difficult to predict accurately. We aim to understand the capacity of climate and regional events to predict daily facial trauma volume. This can provide epidemiologic understanding and subsequently tailor workforce distribution and scheduling.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single Tertiary Academic Medical Center.

Methods

Facial trauma consults between 2017 and 2023 were extracted from a single Level I Trauma Center. Publicly accessible data on local concerts, National Hockey League games, National Football League games, and weather data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data were merged with trauma data. Machine‐learning random‐forest (RF) plot feature identification was used to identify variables to model high‐volume facial trauma days (greater than 75th percentile).

Results

For analysis, 2342 days were included. The median number of facial trauma consults was 3.0 (interquartile range: 2.0‐5.0). The month of May exhibited the highest rate of high‐volume trauma days (13% of days, P < .001). On RF feature identification, the strongest predictive factors included weekend day status, average temperature, precipitation, hail, high/damaging winds, and holidays. Regional events were not included in the final models. On stepwise logistic regression modeling with pertinent variables, weekend day (odds ratio [OR]: 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.80‐2.69, P < .001), average temperature (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.02, P < .001), and wind speed (0.97, 0.93‐1.00, P = .049) were the only statistically significant variables.

Conclusion

Climate data were the primary factor that had predictive capacity for high‐volume facial trauma days, more so than regional events. Testing models prospectively will help validate such models and help inform staffing for facial trauma coverage.
Barriers to Research Faced by High‐Income Versus Low‐ and Middle‐Income Country Otolaryngologists and Otolaryngology Residents
Authors: Zalaquett Nader G. , Mir Mohamad Al , Jalkh Rita Maria , Nuss Sarah , Pandey Akansha , Patterson Rolvix H. , Hosri Jad , Barazi Randa Al
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to compare research productivity and barriers to research between high‐income countries (HICs) and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) otolaryngologists.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

International survey.

Methods

A survey developed by members of the Lebanese Otolaryngology Research and Awareness Group was disseminated globally to otolaryngologists and otolaryngology residents. The survey assessed research efficiency, funding, and perceived barriers. Data were analyzed using t tests and χ2 tests.

Results

A total of 82 responses from 21 countries were recorded, with 33 from HICs (40.2%) and 49 from LMICs (59.8%). LMIC respondents reported significantly less research funding (84.4% vs 60.6%, P = .013) and fewer publications (24.4% vs 3.1%, P = .001) compared to HIC respondents. LMICs faced unique individual barriers like elderly care responsibilities (17.8% vs 0%, P = .035). Organizational challenges in LMICs included limited access to information sources (35.7% vs 15.6%, P = .017) and financial resources (85.7% vs 40.6%, P < .001). Institutional challenges such as lack of funding (83.3% vs 34.4%, P < .001) and protected research time (71.4% vs 56.3%, P = .047) were more prominent in LMICs. Governmental barriers were also greater in LMICs, including demotivating government policies (59.0% vs 9.4%, P < .001). Additionally, covering article processing charges was a significant challenge for 76.2% of LMIC respondents compared to 31.3% in HICs (P = .001).

Conclusion

Otolaryngologists in LMICs encounter substantial barriers to research productivity compared to those in HICs, primarily due to funding gaps, lack of institutional support, and unfavorable governmental policies. Addressing these disparities is essential for fostering equitable global research contributions.
Riemannian Shape Optimization of Thin Shells Using Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Rosandi Rozan , Simeon Bernd
Published: January 2025

In this contribution, we consider the optimal shape design of thin elastic shell structures based on a linearized shell model of Koiter's type, whose shape can be described by a surface immersed in three‐dimensional Euclidean space. We regard the set of unparametrized immersions of the surface as an infinite‐dimensional Riemannian shape space and perform optimization in this setting using the Riemannian shape gradient. Nonuniform rational basis splines (NURBS) are employed to discretize the shell and numerically solve the underlying equations that govern its mechanical behavior via isogeometric analysis. By representing NURBS patches as B‐spline patches in real projective space, NURBS weights can also be incorporated into the optimization routine. We discuss the practical implementation of the method and demonstrate our approach on the compliance minimization of a half‐cylindrical shell under static load and fixed area constraint.
Achieving Language Justice in Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology: A Multinational Perspective for Language‐Concordant Equitable Patient‐ and Family‐Centered Care and Research Inclusion
Authors: Ruiz Jenny , Robles Joanna M. , Sánchez Luisanna M. , Khan Alisa , Lu Amy D. , Marjerrison Stacey , Morales La Madrid Andres , Aristizabal Paula
Published: January 2025

Language‐discordant healthcare encounters—when the patient/caregiver and clinician are not able to communicate directly in the patient's/caregiver's preferred language—are associated with worse quality of care, increased adverse events, and research exclusion. Here, we describe the current state of language justice in clinical practice and research in the United States, Canada, and Spain, discuss the role of social determinants of health and language in patient safety and health outcomes, and review an example of culturally and linguistically concordant interventions to increase research participation. We close with practical and global strategies to increase multilingual research participation and to provide equitable patient‐ and family‐centered care in pediatric hematology‐oncology.
Design magneto‐dielectric elastomer composites for flexible electric/magnetic field response multi‐mode sensors
Authors: Zhang Luodan , Wang Yue , Ren Jiakai , Liu Xiayu , Abdallaha Duaa , Wang Hongyu , Song Xiaoli , Sun Hui , Zhang Lifeng , Liu Junliang
Published: January 2025

With the increasing complexity of flexible sensor application scenarios, in order to achieve their use in electric and magnetic fields, this paper introduces a core‐shell structure with Ni‐doped cobalt ferrites as the magnetic core and barium titanate as the dielectric layer, filling it into a polymer matrix to prepare flexible magneto‐dielectric elastomer composites. Taking advantages of this design, the targets including the establishment of multi‐functionalization and the retention of fine mechanical properties have been simultaneously achieved. The synthesized elastomer composites exhibit fine flexibility and excellent magneto‐electric response. An optimum magnetic‐induced deformation angle achieves to 55° under an external magnetic field of 8000 Oe, and a maximum electric‐induced deformation approaches to about 8.29% under an applied electric field of 5 kV/mm. Besides that, with Ni‐doping, the magnetization behaviors of composite fillings could be tuned, resulting a controllable magnetic field response of the synthesized magneto‐dielectric rubber composites. This work provides a novel way to design multi‐functionalized flexible composites, which is significant for exploring multi‐mode flexible sensors.

Highlights

Magneto‐dielectric elastomers were prepared with using core‐shell filling.

The elastomer composites exhibit fine magnetic and electric field response.

The composites maintained good flexible mechanical properties.
Effect of video‐based trauma‐informed care training for psychiatric nurses: A nonrandomized controlled trial
Authors: Kotake Risa , Otsu Emiko , Asaoka Hiroki , Sawada Utako , Miyamoto Yuki , Nishi Daisuke
Published: January 2025

Aim

To examine the effect of short‐time video‐based trauma‐informed care (TIC) training in improving attitudes related to TIC and mental health among psychiatric nurses.

Methods

A nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a 60‐min TIC training video. The primary outcome measure was the Attitudes Related to Trauma‐Informed Care Scale 35 (ARTIC‐35). The secondary outcome measures were the TIC Provider Survey, Kessler 6 (K6) scale, the Japanese Burnout Scale, and the Japanese Psychological Safety Scale.

Results

The main analysis included 100 psychiatric nurses (58 in the intervention group and 42 in the control group). The intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis showed that the increase in scores on ARTIC‐35 was not statistically significant due to calculating the sample size based on an overestimated effect, but the effect size (ES) was moderate (ES = 0.39) at the 4–6‐week follow‐up. Although there were no significant differences in the TIC Provider Survey, K6, or Japanese Burnout Scale, a significant effect of the intervention was observed in the Japanese Psychological Safety Scale. A per‐protocol analysis, which compared the 30 intervention group participants who had watched all four videos to the control group, showed that the ES (= 0.48) was larger for the ARTIC‐35 than for the ITT.

Conclusion

The intervention led to moderate improvement in attitudes related to TIC, psychological safety, and burnout.
Masking in Active Comparator Designs in Pharmacovigilance: A Retrospective Bias Analysis on the Spontaneous Reporting of Thiazolidinediones and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Bai William , Douros Antonios , Gravel Christopher A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Masking is a reporting bias where drug safety signals are muffled by elevated reporting of other medications in spontaneous reporting databases. While the impact of masking is often limited, its effect when using restricted designs, such as active comparators, can be consequential.

Methods

We used data from the US Food and Drugs Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (1999Q3‐2013Q3) to study masking in a real‐world example. Rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione with elevated reporting after safety concerns over cardiovascular risks, was the masking candidate. We hypothesized that stimulated reporting masked signals for another thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone. We computed estimates of proportional reporting ratios and information components, using the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, for pioglitazone‐myocardial infarction and pioglitazone‐cardiac failure under unrestricted and active comparator designs, with and without the mask, before (1999Q3‐2007Q1) and after (2007Q2‐2013Q3) safety concerns. Relative change‐in‐estimates were computed to compare results with and without rosiglitazone.

Results

From 1999Q3‐2007Q1, relative change‐in‐estimates of proportional reporting ratio for pioglitazone‐myocardial infarction was 0.00 in unrestricted design and 0.10 in active comparator, and for pioglitazone‐cardiac failure, the change was 0.01 and 0.62, respectively. From 2007Q2‐2013Q3, relative change‐in‐estimates for pioglitazone‐myocardial infarction was 0.41 in unrestricted design and 18.00 in active comparator; the change for pioglitazone‐cardiac failure was 0.04 and 1.03, respectively. Relative changes in estimates of information component mirrored these trends.

Conclusions

Masking can influence signal detection in active comparator designs where external events impact reporting rates in reference sets. Evaluating masking in related contexts is essential for drug safety monitoring and resource allocation for follow‐up studies.