bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The optimization theory of detection angle in polarization measurement using polarization interference imaging spectrometer
Authors: Jian Xiao-Hua  , Zhang Chun-Min  , Zhang Lin  , Zhao Bao-Chang  , Zhu Lan-Yan  ,   (1)西安交通大学理学院，西安  710049; (2)中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所，西安  710119
Published: December 2020

The method of measuring the intensity and state of polarization of optical radiation using polarization interference imaging spectrometer （PIIS） combines the basic theories of polarization interference imaging spectroscopy and polarization measurement technology. In this way, the PIIS can be used to detect not only the interference characteristics but also the polarization parameters. Based on the study of polarization measurement, this paper compares the effect of the degree of polarization errors for the conventional detection angles of 45°and 60°. The optimization of detection angle is then discussed, which will lead to a better angle choice for polarization measurements that enables the interference imaging spectrometers to be adapted to almost every field in which the spectroscopy has ventured and able to some where field which has not touched before.
A cause of energy exchange between light and electron
Authors: Zhang Tao  ,   射线束技术与材料改性教育部重点实验室，北京师范大学核科学与技术学院(低能核物理研究所) 北京市辐射中心，北京  100875
Published: December 2020

According to the electron-cloud-conductor model, there should exist interaction of electromagnetic induction between light and electron when they meet, and this interaction may result in the energy exchange between them. Energy exchange between light and free electron in vacuum is analyzed with the model, and the result consists with that of the existing theory. The model can also be used to explain the experimental result of ionization rate of N2 molecules by short laser pulses and the behavior of ionization of molecules by X-ray. It is concluded that one of the root causes for energy exchange between light and an electron is electromagnetic induction between them.
Theoretical study on radiative recombination and subsequent radiative decay of H-like uranium ions
Authors: Wang Yong-Jun  , Ding Xiao-Bin  , Dong Chen-Zhong  , Ma Xin-Wen  , Wan Jian-Jie  , Wang Jian-Guo  , Wu Yong  ,   (1)北京应用物理与计算数学研究所计算物理重点实验室，北京  100088; (2)西北师范大学物理与电子工程学院，兰州  730070; (3)中国科学院近代物理研究所，兰州  730000
Published: December 2020

Based on multi-configuration Dirac-Fock method, radiative recombination （RR） process of H-like uranium ion and radiative decay process of the resultant ion have been studied systematically using the recently developed program RERR06, which is based on GRASP92 and RATIP packages. In the studies, the RR cross sections from 1s state of H-like uranium ion to 1snl （1≤n≤8, 0≤l≤6） of He-like uranium ion have been calculated in detail. Meanwhile, the relative intensity of the radiative decay spectra of the RR final states have also been studied. It was found that the RR cross sections to different orbitals decrease with the increasing of principal quantum number. Furthermore, an important contribution of the radiative decay of the RR final states to the relative intensity of Kα spectra has also been found in the present work.
Close-coupling calculation of the cross sections for collision between helium atoms and hydrogen iodide molecules
Authors: Yu Chun-Ri  , Jiang Gui-Sheng  , Zhang Jie  ,   安庆师范学院物理与电气工程学院，安庆  246133
Published: December 2020

The intermolecular interaction potential developed in our previous research and close-coupling method are applied to the HI-He system, and the differential cross sections, partial cross sections （PCSs） and integral cross sections （ICSs） at the incident energies from 1 to 140?meV are calculated. The reliability of the interaction potential for He-HI system and the close-coupling calculations have been verified by comparing with the PCSs of He-HX （X=F, Cl, Br） systems. The results show: （1） The probability at small scattering angles is larger than that for large scattering angles. With the increase of collision energy, the scattering probability and the tail effect fall down. （2） Total ICSs mainly come from the elastic collisions. The transitions of 00 → 01and 02 contribute to the total inelastic ICSs predominantly.
An electron momentum spectroscopy investigation on valance orbitals of molecule N2
Authors: Zhang Shu-Feng  , Deng Jing-Kang  , Huang Yan-Ru  , Liu Kun  , Ning Chuan-Gang  ,   清华大学物理系，原子分子纳米科学教育部重点实验室，北京  100084
Published: December 2020

Detailed and accurate EMS measurements of complete valence region of N2 molecule using a high resolution （ΔE=08?eV，Δp≈01 a.u.） high efficiency electron momentum spectrometer have been performed. Several ionization peaks attributed to inner valence orbitals and correlation （satellite） states are resolved for the first time in the binding energy spectroscopy. By comparing the （e，2e） cross sections of valence orbitals and the correlations states，significant insights into the dominant character of the valence and correlation states of N2 are obtained. The EMS momentum distributions show that they provide a sensitive test for orbital wavefunctions from different theoretical models.
The fourth order moment statistical characteristic of the laser pulse scattering on random rough surface
Authors: Wang Ming-Jun  , Li Ying-Le  , Wu Zhen-Sen  , Zhang Hui  , Zhang Xiao-An  ,   (1)西安电子科技大学理学院，西安  710071; (2)咸阳师范学院物理系，咸阳  12000; (3)咸阳师范学院物理系，咸阳  12000；西安电子科技大学理学院，西安  710071
Published: December 2020

According to Kirchhoffs approximation，the fourth order moment statistical characteristic of the pulsed wave scattering by random rough surfaces is investigated numerically. As a special application，the fourth order moment （FOM） is simplified to obtain mutual correlation functions of the the two positions and two frequencies of pulsed wave scattering by random rough surface. It is found that the distributions of FOM vary with the coherence bandwidth frequency difference and scattering angle for different incidence angles. The numerical results show that the mean of fluctuating heights and coherent length of random rough surfaces have also an important influence on FOM. Generally，the largest scattering value and smallest coherence bandwidth of the FOM occur at the specific directions. That is to say，the FOM will have a lower coherent component and its distributions of scattering angles will be broadened in relation to the rugged surface. Meanwhile，the FOM decreases rapidly when there is a bigger coherence bandwidth frequency difference.
Micro-gravity effect in a magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Wen  ,   河北工业大学材料学院，天津  300130
Published: December 2020

The magnetic field microgravity effect is the phenomenon that a secondary microgravity is produced when a magnetic field is introduced into an electricconducting liquid, leading to the decline or extinction of the natural convection driven by buoyancy. The effect level could be described by the formula gm＝（β0/βm）（ν0 /νm）2　g0, according to the change of Grashof number. If neglecting β changes, the formula is simplified to gm＝（ν0/νm）2 g0, by which the effect levels corresponding to different horizontal magnetic field strengths were estimated on the basis of the measurement of the viscosities of silicon melt under different conditions of the magnetic field. The results showed that the estimated results agree with the experimental data.
Single bottle beam generated by a gradient axicon
Authors: Wu Feng-Tie  , Jiang Xin-Guang  , Liu Bin  , Qiu Zhen-Xing  ,   华侨大学信息科学与工程学院，泉州  362021
Published: December 2020

A new model of double-axicon was proposed for the first time. Based on the traditional axicon，a gradient on the vertex of an axicon was designed. When a plane wave illuminates the gradient axicon，two Bessel beams are formed and a Bottle beam generated between the Bessel beams. Bottle beams could be used as optical pipes，optical tweezers，optical spanners, and so on.Because the dark focus is surrounded in all directions by regions of higher intensity，and it shows important application perspective in life science and nanotechnology. The formation mechanism of the single Bottle beam was analyzed by geometrical optics. The transverse and longitudinal intensity distribution were also calculated and simulated using diffraction and interference theory，respectively. The result shows its significance in providing a guidance for the design and application of the gradient axicon.
Influence of turbulence on the spreading of annular beams
Authors: Chen Xiao-Wen  , Ji Xiao-Ling  ,   四川师范大学物理系，成都  610068
Published: December 2020

The closed-form expression for the mean squared beam width of annular beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence is derived by using the integral transform technique. The influence of turbulence on the spreading of annular beams is studied. On the other hand，the range of turbulence-independent propagation is obtained by examining the mean squared beam width，which indicates under what circumstances annular beams will be less affected by turbulence. It is shown that annular beams with larger obscure ratio ε，larger beam order M（N），larger wave length λ，and smaller outer radius w0 are less sensitive to the turbulence than those with smaller ε，M（N），λ，and larger w0. The main results obtained in this paper are explained physically.
The propagation properties of J0-correlated partially coherent beams in the slant atmosphere
Authors: Cang Ji  , Zhang Yi-Xin  ,   江南大学理学院，无锡  214122
Published: December 2020

Based on the principle of crossspectral density of partially coherent beam，we have obtained the analytical expression of longterm intensity distribution，longterm beam width and quality factor on the receiver for J0correlated partially coherent beams propagating in the slant atmosphere，then analyzed the effects of zenith angle，propagation distance，coherence of source and turbulence outer scale on intensity distribution and beam width on the receiver. Results show that when the zenith angle and propagation distance are fixed，we can adjust the coherence of source to obtain the flattened optical intensity distribution or central maximum intensity value on the receiver. When the propagation is fixed，with the increase of zenith angle or the outer scale of turbulence，the intensity distribution varies from central dip to Gaussian distribution. Near the focal plane for short focal length，the centraldip form of intensity distribution becomes deep first，then shallow with the propagation distance increasing. The real position of focal spot for J0correlated partially coherent beam moves toward the emitter with the increase of zenith angle and turbulence outer scale, or with the decrease of the source coherence.
Infrared analysis on hydrogen content and Si—H bonding configuration of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon thin films
Authors: Chen Cheng-Zhao  , Li Ping  , Lin Xuan-Ying  , Liu Cui-Qing  , Qiu Sheng-Hua  , Wu Yan-Dan  , Yu Chu-Ying  ,   (1)韩山师范学院物理与电子工程系,潮州  521041；汕头大学物理系,汕头  515063; (2)汕头大学物理系,汕头  515063
Published: December 2020

Hydrogenated silicon films were prepared by conventional radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor phase deposition technique at a high deposition rate at temperatures from 100 to 350℃, which were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectrum and Raman scattering spectrum. The results showed that the hydrogen content and the silicon-hydrogen bonding configurations of the films were closely related to their crystallization properties. When the films changed from amorphous to nanocrystalline phase, the hydrogen content decreased by over a half, and the Si—H bonding configuration was mainly SiH2. With the increase of substrate temperature and crystallinity, the hydrogen content and the structural factor of the nanocrystalline silicon films was reduced gradually.
Simulation of He behavior in bcc Fe on heating
Authors: Chen Pi-Heng  , Ao Bing-Yun  , Li Ju  , Li Rong  , Shen Liang  ,   表面物理与化学国家重点实验室，绵阳  621907
Published: December 2020

Temperature is an important factor for the behavior of He in metals. In this paper, we write a LKMC （lattice kinetic Monte Carlo） program to simulate the behavior of He in bbc Fe under the temperature range of 298—1298 K. The simulation results show that the temperature influence on He behavior can be divided into four different stages: 1）298—598 K；2）598—798 K；3）798—998 K；4）998—1298 K. In the first stage: with the increase of temperature, the concentration of He in the grain has a little decrease, but the average number of He in He bubbles increases greatly; In the second stage, with the increase of temperature, the concentration of He in the grain decrease rapidly, but the average size of He bubbles almost keeps constant. In the third stage, with the increase of temperature, the concentration of He in grains and the average numbers of He in He bubbles both decrease rapidly. In the third stage: with the increase of temperature, the average numbers of He atoms in the grain and the average size of He bubbles both increase. At 1298 K, the average number of He atoms is almost equal to that at room temperature, and almost no He escapes from Fe grains.
The temperature characteristics of stress-induced voiding in Cu interconnects
Authors: Wu Zhen-Yu  , Chai Chang-Chun  , Li Yue-Jin  , Liu Jing  , Wang Jia-You  , Yang Yin-Tang  ,   (1)西安电子科技大学微电子学院,宽禁带半导体材料与器件教育部重点实验室,西安  710071; (2)西安电子科技大学微电子学院,宽禁带半导体材料与器件教育部重点实验室,西安  710071；湘潭大学低维材料及其应用技术教育部重点实验室，湘潭  411105
Published: December 2020

A stressinduced voiding model based on the NabarroHerring mechanism has been proposed. The stressinduced voiding phenomena in Cu interconnects have been studied by the FIB crosssection technique and stress modeling. The driving force for the formation of stressinduced voids has been investigated. The relationship between stressinduced voiding, temperature, stress gradient and the dominant diffusion path are discussed. The results show that stress and stress gradient reach their peak values at the top surfaces of Cu M1 lines underneath the corner of the vials where voids are observed. Stress gradient shows crucial effect on the failure spot and the voiding rate. Stress migration is basically a diffusion and nucleation process of vacancies through the main diffusion path under the force of the stress gradient. The stress gradient and the diffusion terms vary oppositely with temperature and the maximum voiding rate is reached at a medium temperature.
Quantum effect and up-conversion luminescence of ZnO-SiO2 composite films synthesized by sol-gel technique
Authors: Yuan Ning-Yi  , Chen Xiao-Shuang  , Ding Jian-Ning  , He Ze-Jun  , Li Feng  , Lu Wei  ,   (1)江苏工业学院低维材料微纳器件及系统研究中心，常州  213164; (2)江苏工业学院低维材料微纳器件及系统研究中心，常州  213164；中国科学院上海技术物理研究所国家红外重点实验室，上海  200831; (3)中国科学院上海技术物理研究所国家红外重点实验室，上海  200831
Published: December 2020

ZnO thin films and ZnOSiO2 composite films were deposited on glass substrates by solgel method. Atomic force microscope images showed that ZnO nanoparticles havd spherical shape of relativly small size. The ultravioletvisible transmittance spectra showed that the transmittance of ZnOSiO2 composite film is about 85% in visible range and the transmittance begins to drop at about 330 nm and reaches zero around 290 nm. Due to quantum effect, the absorption edge has an obvious blue shift. Photoluminescence spectra measurement indicated that ZnOSiO2 composite film excited by a Xe lamp with different wavelength has a UV emission around 290 nm coming from combination of free excitons, which is in agreement with the ultravioletvisible transmittance measurement result. Meanwhile, two photon and three photon absorption and upconversion luminescence were observed in the ZnOSiO2 composite film.
Study of one-dimensional Holstein polaron in infinite lattice
Authors: Ren Xue-Zao  , Huang Shu-Wen  , Liao Xu  , Wang Ke-Lin  ,   西南科技大学理学院，绵阳  621010
Published: December 2020

Applying the method of coherent state orthogonal expansion, an analytical expression of the ground state energy for one-dimensional Holstein model is obtained. We expand the trial wave function of ground state to third order, and calculate the ground state energy for different lattice sites and different coupling intensities. In the third order approximation, the ground state energy agrees with the numerical solution.
Fabrication and characterization of In-doped zinc oxide nanoarrays
Authors: Li Hui-Feng  , Gao Xiang-Xi  , Huang Yun-Hua  , Wang Jian  , Zhang Yue  , Zhao Jing  ,   (1)北京科技大学材料物理与化学系,北京  100083; (2)北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室,北京  100083; (3)北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室,北京  100083；北京科技大学材料物理与化学系,北京  100083
Published: December 2020

In-doped ZnO nanoarrays were successfully synthesized by the carbon thermal reduction deposition process, at 850℃ using Au catalyst. The length of legs of T-ZnO nanorods is 2—3 μm and the diameter is ～400 nm, dimensionally uniform and the surface smooth. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations show that the In content of nanorods reaches about 08%. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra of the nanoarrays shows that the ultraviolet emission peak red-shifts and becomes broader after doping. Raman scattering study shows that ZnO peaks have different shift, and a new peak appears, which proved a part of In atoms replacing Zn in the crystal lattice.
Effect of oxygen vacancy defect on the magnetic properties of Co-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor
Authors: Chen Jing  , Jin Guo-Jun  , Ma Yu-Qiang  ,   (1)南京大学物理系，南京  210093; (2)南京大学物理系，南京  210093；淮阴师范学院物理系，淮安  223001
Published: December 2020

Zn095Co005O films were prepared under different oxygen partial pressure P by magnetron sputtering. The effect of P on the magnetic and electrical properties was investigated. The effect of oxygen vacancy on the magnetic properties was also calculated by first-principles calculation. The experimental results indicated that Zn095Co005O films showed room-temperature ferromagnetism and high electron concentration when they were deposited under high vacuum. The ferromagnetism disappeared and the electron concentration decreased sharply when P was increased. The calculated results indicated that the energy of ferromagnetic states could be decreased by introducing oxygen vacancy in Co-doped ZnO system. The stability of ferromagnetism was determined by the distance between oxygen vacancy and Co atoms.
Gamma-ray radiation effect on Ni/4H-SiC SBD
Authors: Zhang Lin  , Han Chao  , Ma Yong-Ji  , Zhang Yi-Men  , Zhang Yu-Ming  ,   西安电子科技大学微电子学院，教育部宽禁带半导体材料重点实验室，西安  710071
Published: December 2020

Ni/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes （SBDs） were fabricated, and irradiated with the 60Co gamma-ray source to the accumulated dose of 1 Mrad（Si）. The 0 V and -30 V bias voltage were applied to the SBDs during irradiation. After 1Mrad（Si） radiation, the Schottky barrier height and ideality factor of the Ni/4H-SiC SBDs under different bias voltages basically remain at the same values, and the minority carrier lifetime of the epitaxial layer also has no degradation. The reverse current decreases after radiation, which can be explained by the negative surface charge increase. The results show radiation bias voltage has no obvious influence on the radiation effect of the Ni/4H-SiC SBD.
The thermal and magnetic pre-treatments dependence of the magneto-mechanical behavior of Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal
Authors: Lü Zhao-Cheng  , Li Guang  ,   安徽大学物理与材料科学学院,合肥  230039
Published: December 2020

The effects of thermomagnetic pretreatments on the magnetism and mechanical properties of Ni50.3Mn28.7Ga21 single crystal were studied. Two samples A and B were heated to a temperature above their Curie temperature （TC） and then cooled down to room temperature via different cooling processes. An external magnetic field was applied during cooling of sample A from T>TC to room temperature. For sample B, the same magnetic field was applied at T below its TC but higher than its austenite to martensitic transformation temperature during cooling. The reversible strain and change in magnetization （ΔM） measured at room temperature for sample A are much smaller than those for sample B. It was supposed that with the appearance of the magnetic field during the transformation from austenite to martensitic phase, the field tends to induce a favorable single martensitic domain in sample B, leading to the greater reversible strain and ΔM. However, preferential magnetic domains may develop in sample A by applying the same magnetic field during the transition from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism, leading to the different alignments of martensitic domains from those in sample B. This might be the reason for the smaller reversible strain and ΔM in sample A.
The structural stability and magnetism of Ag atomic chains
Authors: Li Ren-Quan  , Pan Chun-Ling  , Wen Yu-Hua  , Zhu Zi-Zhong  ,   厦门大学物理系，厦门  361005
Published: December 2020

The structural stability and magnetism of Ag atomic chains are studied by the firstprinciples calculations. The chain structures, such as the linear, zigzag, ladder and Tstructure which are formed by three linear chains, are studied. The results show that the linear structure is the most unstable geometry with the lowest cohesive energy. The Tstructure is the most stable geometry, showing the largest cohesive energy. The bond lengths in all the atomic chains studied are shorter than that in the bulk, indicating a stronger bonding strength in the atomic chains as compared with the bulk material. Besides, the study on the magnetism of Ag linear chain reveals that the linear structure could exhibit magnetism when the bond length is compressed by as large as 52%, although the equilibrium linear chain is nonmagnetic. By employing the Stoner criteria and the interaction picture of atomic orbitals, the reason for the possible magnetism of Ag linear chain are explained.
The influence of the cooling field on the exchange bias in ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bilayers system
Authors: Tian Hong-Yu  , Hu Jing-Guo  , Xu Xiao-Yong  ,   扬州大学物理科学与技术学院，扬州  225002
Published: December 2020

The ferromagnetic domainwall model is used to investigate the influence of the cooling field （including its magnitude and orientation） on the exchange bias（hE） in ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bilayers with uncompensated interface. The results show that hE is independent of the magnitude of the cooling field when it is applied parallel to the easy axis of the antiferromagnet. When the cooling field deviates from the easy axis direction, hE changes slowly with increasing field angle, but a sudden change is observed when the angle goes up to a critical angle γc, which γc increases with the cooling field increaseing. Especially, hE has a transition from negative to positive when the field angle is beyond γc, and the transition point also relates to the magnitude of the cooling field. Moreover, the thickness dependence of the exchange bias exhibits a liner dependence on the inverse ferromagnet layer thickness, but yields a crossover from hE∝N-1F to hE∝N-λF at a certain thickness （here λ>1）. This behavior is strongly dependent on the ferromagnet thickness, the magnitude and the angle of the cooling field.
Anisotropy in spectroscopic and laser properties of monoclinic Yb:KLu(WO4)2 crystal
Authors: Wan Yong  , Han Wen-Juan  , Liu Jun-Hai  , Xia Lin-Hua  , Xavier Mateos  , Valentin Petrov  , Zhang Huai-Jin  , Wang Ji-Yang  ,   (1)Física i Cristal·lografia de Materials,Universitat Rovira i Virgili,C/ Marcel.li Domingo,s/n,E-43007 Tarragona,Spain; (2)Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy,2A Max-Born-Str.,D-12489 Berlin,Germany; (3)青岛大学物理科学学院，青岛 266071; (4)山东大学晶体材料国家重点实验室,济南 250100
Published: December 2020

We conducted an investigation into the polarized absorption and emission spectra, the absorption for unpolarized pump light, and the continuous-wave (cw) laser properties of the Yb:KLu(WO4)2 crystal. The low symmetry of the crystal leads to strong anisotropy in the crystal spectroscopy; the strongest absorption and emission occur in the polarization direction parallel to the Nm principal axis. The Ng-cut crystal has highest absorption efficiency for unpolarized pump light and largest potential for generating laser output power. With 11 W of cw output power produced by using a 2 mm thick crystal, the optical-to-optical conversion and slope efficiencies amount to 68% and 80%, respectively, with respect to the absorbed pump power.
Stimulated emission properties of an organic salt-doped polymer film in microcavity
Authors: Xu Deng  ,   常州机电职业技术学院，常州 213164
Published: December 2020

An organic vertical cavity surface emitting laser has been fabricated, using a Forster energy transfer system of organic pyridium salt dye ASPI and Alq3 doped in PMMA film as the gain medium, which was sandwiched between a high-reflectance distributed Bragg reflector and a silver reflector. The stimulated emission properties were investigated by nanosecond-pulsed laser pumping. The lasing phenomenon was observed with a full width at half maximum of 243 nm at the lasing wavelength of 600 nm, and the threshold energy for lasing was estimated to be about 8?J per pulse.
Femtosecond laser pulse control of ground state of PTCDA
Authors: Wang Lu-Xia  , Fan Fei  ,   北京科技大学应用科学学院，北京  100083
Published: December 2020

With the combination of optimal control theory and multi\|configuration time-dependent Hartree（MCTDH） method, the vibrational quantum model for describing the multidimensional planar structural PTCDA molecule is constructed. Within the frame of MCTDH, the dynamics of PTCDA ground state via pump-dump process under an excitation of femtosecond laser pulse is considered. The relation of reduced control yield of target state to the shape of excitation pulses, the propagation time and the effective energy of optimal field are analyzed theoretically. The wavepacket distributions in the involved vibrational coordinates are compared with the vibrational parameters. It is found that with longer propagation time, higher control yield of target state at lower strength of optimal pulse is realized, which provides an effective method to realize the control with low energy laser pulses in experiment.
Influence of barrier height of the front contact on the amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Zhang Yong  , Liu Yan  , Lü Bin  , Tang Nai-Yun  , Wang Ji-Qing  , Zhang Hong-Ying  ,   (1)华东师范大学电子科学与工程系，上海  200062; (2)上海电力学院计算机与信息工程学院，上海  200090
Published: December 2020

Indium tin oxide （ITO） compound is widely used as the front contact of silicon solar cells. Its work function ΦITO is one of the most important factors related to the performance of solar cells. In this paper, we use the AMPS-1D （Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures） program developed by Pennsylvania State University to analyze the dependence of physical parameters of solar cells on the ΦITO. Our results show that ΦITO has greater effect on amorphous silicon solar cells than on the microcrystalline ones. Physical performance of amorphous silicon （the efficiency, filling factor etc.） improves with increasing ΦITO, which is more obvious than that for microcrystalline silicon. These results provide a useful guide in selecting appropriate p-type silicon materials based on the performance of front contacts.
Monte Carlo simulation of the record-breaking high temperature events of climate changes
Authors: Xiong Kai-Guo  , Feng Guo-Lin  , Hu Jing-Guo  , Wan Shi-Quan  , Yang Jie  ,   (1)扬州大学物理科学与技术学院，扬州  225002; (2)扬州市气象局，扬州  225009
Published: December 2020

Using MonteCarlo method, the law of statistics of recordbreaking high temperature events has been investigated based on the statistical characteristics of the temperature data registered in 40 years from 1961 to 2000 in Nanjing area, and the influence on the law of statistics of the global warming （ｖ=0.006?℃/a） during 20th century and Nanjing regional warming （ｖ=0.017?℃/a） in last 40 years has also been compared. Both the theoretic analysis and Monte Carlo simulation results show that the most likely probability of its occurrence intensity of the kth recordbreaking high temperature events takes the form of linear increase with k （k=1,2,3,\:）, and the frequency of the occurrence of recordbreaking high temperature events in a year tends to 1/（t+1）, decreasing with time t, and in years when the average temperature is high, the probability of the occurrence of recordbreaking high temperature events is also high, otherwise, the probability is low. The result also indicates that the velocity of global warming （ｖ=0.006?℃/a） in 20th century and the rate of regional warming （ｖ=0.017?℃/a） of Nanjing area in last 40 years are yet insufficient to alter meaningfully the intensity and frequency of record high temperature events. However, such velocity of warming will ultimately make the frequency of the occurrence of recordbreaking high temperature events decrease gradually towards a constant, being approximately equal to the warming velocities. In addition, we have also studied the effect of variances and autocorrelation between temperatures in two successive days on recordbreaking high temperature events，finding that the effect of different variance and weak autocorrelation on the intensity and probability of occurrence of the recordbreaking high temperature events in a year can be neglected.
Pancharatnam phase in interaction model of light and phonon
Authors: Zheng Li-Ming  , Wang Fa-Qiang  , Liu Song-Hao  ,   (1)华南师范大学信息光电子科技学院，广州  510006; (2)暨南大学信息科学技术学院电子工程系，广州  510632
Published: December 2020

The Pancharatnam phase in simple polariton model is investigated, and the influences of temperature, coupling strength, frequency difference of photon and phonon and average photon number on the evolution dynamics of Pancharatnam phase are also discussed. The results show that the Pancharatnam phase oscillates with time, the oscillating frequency and wave-form vary with time, and the variation increases with the enhancement of temperature, coupling strength and frequency difference of photon and phonon. The system Pancharatnam phase evolutes regularly when the average photon number of coherent light is small, while it becomes more chaotic as the average photon number increases.
Repeatedly dressed four-wave mixing in N5B five-level atomic system
Authors: Yang Yong-Ming  , Xu Qi-Ming  , Zhang Yan-Peng  ,   (1)西安建筑科技大学材料学院，西安  710055; (2)西安建筑科技大学理学院,西安  710055；西安建筑科技大学材料学院，西安  710055; (3)西安交通大学电信学院,西安  710049
Published: December 2020

We present a theoretical treatment for the repeatedly dressed FWM processes in N5B five-level atomic system. Based on our previous work, the evolution of Autler-Townes splitting in a multi-dressed FWM spectrum is expounded using the characteristic method of Independence effect. Under condition that the coupling and probe fields which induced the FWM are strong, we further demonstrate the suppression and enhancement of FWM signal intensity. The results indicate that one cpupling field can dresse the atom twice and produce the donbly dressed state and triply dressed states. Many applications of multi-dressed FWM spectrum can benefit from the investigation on the atomic energy level and the nonlinear processes of mutiwave mixing(MWM).
Anomalous scaling of the growth equations with spatially and temporally correlated noise
Authors: Zhang Li-Ping  ,   中国矿业大学物理系，徐州  221008
Published: December 2020

A dynamic renormalization-group method is generalized to explore the anomalously dynamic scaling property of kinetic roughening growth equation and the general conclusion on the anomalous exponents of the growth equation with spatially and temporally correlated noise is drawn. The results of the anomalous exponents are employed in several typical local growth equations，which include the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang（KPZ）equation，linear equation and Lai-Das Sarma-Villain（LDV） equation, to judge the condition of anomalous scaling behaviors. Analysis shows that within the long wavelength limit the dynamic scaling property of a growth equation is related to the most relevant term, the dimension of the system and noise; and if the anomalous scaling of the equation exists, super_roughening instead of intrinsic anomalous roughening will be displayed in local growth models.
Bifurcation of Boost converter with two boundaries and its stability control by ramp compensation
Authors: Bao Bo-Cheng  , Xu Jian-Ping  , Liu Zhong  ,   (1)南京理工大学电子工程系，南京  210094; (2)南京理工大学电子工程系，南京  210094；江苏技术师范学院电气信息工程学院，常州  213001; (3)西南交通大学电气工程学院，成都  610031
Published: December 2020

Current mode controlled Boost converter has two boundaries in a wide range of circuit parameters. This paper establishes the piecewise smooth iterative map of the converter by utilizing ramp compensation current and derives borderline equations of the orbit state shifting. The reverse bifurcation diagrams and dynamic behavior distribution diagrams with input voltage and compensation slope as parameters are obtained by numerical simulation. The results indicate that with the input voltage reduction, Boost converter enters into robust chaos under continuous conduction mode （CCM） through a border-collision bifurcation on border 1 from stable period-one, and enters into weak chaos and strong intermittency under discontinuous conduction mode （DCM） via a border-collision bifurcation on border 2 By using ramp compensation, the Boost converter can shift from DCM to CCM, and can effectively be controlled to operate at stable period-one region.
Chaos in the fractional-order conjugate Chen system and its circuit emulation
Authors: Zhang Ruo-Xun  , Yang Shi-Ping  ,   (1)河北师范大学物理科学与信息工程学院，石家庄  050016; (2)邢台学院初等教育学院，邢台  054001
Published: December 2020

This paper studies the chaotic behaviors of the fractional-order conjugate Chen system. The necessary condition for the existence of chaotic attractors in the fractional-order conjugate Chen chaotic system is obtained. Furthermore, a new circuit unit is proposed to realize the fractional-order chaotic system. The results between numerical emulation and circuit experimental simulation are in agreement with each other and prove that chaos actually exits in the fractional-order conjugate Chen system.
Investigation of phase equilibria and nucleation for supercritical carbon dioxide and model copolymer mixtures
Authors: Fu Dong  , Wang Xue-Min  , Liu Jian-Min  ,   华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院，保定  071003
Published: December 2020

In this work, an equation of state based on the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen （WCA） perturbation theory was established for the mixture of SC-CO2 and model copolymer. The influences of temperature, pressure and chain length of model copolymer molecules on phase equilibria and critical micelle concentration （CMC） were investigated.
Effect of external electric field on the optical excitation of silicon dioxide
Authors: Xu Guo-Liang  , Lü Wen-Jing  , Liu Yu-Fang  , Zhu Zun-Lüe  , Zhang Xian-Zhou  , Sun Jin-Feng  ,   河南师范大学物理与信息工程学院，新乡  453007
Published: December 2020

The transition wavelengths, oscillator strength, Einstein An0 and B0n coefficients of excitation of silicon dioxide molecule from ground state to the first five different excited states are calculated by employing density function theory B3P86 and single substitute configuration interaction approach with basis set 6-311G**. The excited states of silicon dioxide molecule under different external electric fields are investigated. It is shown that the HOMO-LUMO gaps become smaller and the electrons of the occupied orbital are more apt be exited to the virtual orbital as the external electric field intensity becomes stronger. Thus the application of the external electric field facilitates the exitation of the SiO2 molecules.
Investigation of odd-parity excited states of europium atoms by resonant photoionization spectroscopy
Authors: Xiao Ying  , Dai Chang-Jian  , Zhao Hong-Ying  , Qin Wen-Jie  ,   显示材料与光电器件教育部重点实验室，天津  300191；天津理工大学理学院，天津  300384
Published: December 2020

In this paper, two different detection methods, photoionization and autoionization, are combined to study the spectrum of highly excited states of Eu atom. On the one hand, the bound Eu spectrum with odd-parity in the region of 43927—45010 cm-1 has been measured. The spectral information, such as position and intensity, of 32 transitions can be deduced from the spectra with calibration and the error estimation. The information of excitation process and the selection rules enables us to determine their total angular momenta. Comparison with the related literature show that 12 of the states are newly discovered. On the other hand, we design an effective method to identify different types of highly excited states. The spectra of odd-parity states in the same region are measured by both photoionization and autoionization methods, from which we may separate the Rydberg states from the valence states. of the 32 transitions only 14 can be identified as Rydberg states, and the others are valence states. Furthermore, the effective quantum numbers of the Rydberg states are also discussed in detail with the quantum theory.
Numerical study of the enhancement of efficiency of high-order harmonic generation in two-color laser field
Authors: Zhang Chun-Li  , Qi Yue-Ying  , Liu Xue-Shen  , Ding Pei-Zhu  ,   (1)吉林大学原子与分子物理研究所，长春  130012; (2)嘉兴学院机电学院，嘉兴  314000; (3)许昌学院电信学院，许昌  461000
Published: December 2020

The time-dependent Schrdinger equations （TDSE） of the interaction of two-color laser pulse with Pschl-Teller potential and He+ are solved by using the asymptotic boundary condition and symplectic algorithm. The population of ionization, average distance, high-order harmonic generation （HHG） and population of transition are calculated. The numerical results show that the conversion efficiency of HHG is enhanced in the two-color laser fields, then the qualitative and quantitative analysis for the enhancement of conversion efficiency of HHG are given.
Statistics of the instantaneous polarization in Weibull——distributed fields-the same shape parameter case
Authors: Liu Tao  , Huang Gao-Ming  , Wang Xue-Song  , Xiao Shun-Ping  ,   (1)国防科学技术大学电子科学与工程学院，长沙  410073; (2)海军工程大学电子工程学院，武汉  430033; (3)海军工程大学电子工程学院，武汉  430033；国防科学技术大学电子科学与工程学院，长沙  410073
Published: December 2020

The statistical properties of partially polarized light in Gaussian stochastic plane wave fields have been studied. In this paper, the statistics of the stochastic plane electromagnetic （EM） wave fields with Weibull distributed is examined. The polarimetric Weibull_distributed wave is characterized by three parameters: the sum of the amplitudes of the two electric vector components, the angle which the major axis makes with the reference coordinate system, and the ratio of the minor to the major axis. The joint and marginal probability densities of these random variables are determined as a function of the covariance matrix. The main properties of this important distribution are shown. Then the statistical properties of the normalized Stokes parameters are described in detail in Weibull_distributed stochastic fields. The joint and marginal probability density functions （PDF） of the three components of the normalized Stokes parameters are presented. Results of some numerical calculation are obtained. The description of the Weibull polarimetric wave field may be useful to random medium scattering and speckle filtering.
Threshold characteristics of evanescent-wave pumped whispering-gallery-mode fiber laser
Authors: Zhang Yuan-Xian  , Pu Xiao-Yun  , Zhu Kun  , Han De-Yu  , Jiang Nan  ,   云南大学物理系，昆明  650091
Published: December 2020

The lasing threshold of evanescent-wave pumped whispering_gallery_mode （WGM） fiber lasers has been studied. Quartz fibers of different diameters were immersed in a mixed solution of ethanol and ethylene glycol doped by rhodamine 6G dye molecules, the refractive index of the solution was variable and lower than that of quartz fiber. We find that the dependence of lasing threshold on the refractive index of the mixed solution differs for different diameter of quartz fiber. With the increase of refractive index of the mixed solution from 1362 to 1432, the threshold energy decreases slowly and monotonicly for fibers of diameters larger than 296 μm, but increases for fibers of diameters smaller than 93 μm; for a fiber of diameter 197 μm, the threshold energy decreases slowly at first, and then increases sharply, there is an optimum refractive index of the mixed solution which matches a minimum threshold energy. Based on the theory of evanescent-wave pumped WGM fiber laser, we deduce a formula of lasing threshold, the calculated curves of lasing threshold are well consistent with the experimental data.
Study of acousto-optic Q-switched green laser with high efficiency，high stability and high-quality coherent beam generation
Authors: Zhang Yu-Ping  , Zhang Hui-Yun  , Zhong Kai  , Wang Peng  , Li Xi-Fu  , Yao Jian-Quan  ,   (1)山东科技大学理学院，青岛  266510；天津大学精仪学院激光与光电子研究所，天津  300072; (2)天津大学精仪学院激光与光电子研究所，天津  300072
Published: December 2020

High-power and high efficient coherent beam generation with good green-beam quality has been achieved by optimizing the diode-side-pumped linear cavity geometry with two modules in tandem, acousto-optic Q-switching and with S-KTP of Ⅱ-type phase-matching for intracavity frequency doubling of a Nd：YAG laser. When the pump current is 45A, the maximum average green output power of 132 W is obtained with pulse width of 120 ns at pulse repetition rate of 15 kHz, corresponding to the conversion efficiency of 132% from diode pump power to green output power. The M2 beam quality factor is 67 at output power of 130 W, and the output power instability is less than 05% at the same output power during an hour measurement time. The thermo-lensing effect of the laser medium and the stable region of the laser cavity under high power pumping are also theoretically analyzed and experimentally researched.
Photoinduced refractive index change effect of amorphous Sn-doped As2S8 film and its application in stripe waveguide fabrication
Authors: Sun Bei  , Chen Bao-Xue  , Sui Guo-Rong  , Wang Guan-De  , Zou Lin-Er  , Hiromi Hamanaka  , Mamoru Iso  ,   (1)南昌大学物理系，南昌  330031; (2)日本东京农工大学工学院应用化学系，日本  184-8588; (3)日本法政大学工学院物质化学系，日本  184-8584; (4)上海理工大学光电学院，上海  200093
Published: December 2020

Photoinduced changes in refractive index and film thickness of amorphous Sn1As20S79 semiconductor film are studied experimentally. The emperical rules in as-evaporated，annealed and well-illuminated states are obtained respectively. An ultraviolet irradiation technique is presented and employed successfully to fabricate a Sn1As20S79 stripe waveguide, which shaws good characteristics of a waveguide under the 632.8nm guided mode excitation.
High temperature annealing treatment on Co doped ZnO bulks
Authors: Peng Xian-De  , Zhu Tao  , Wang Fang-Wei  ,   北京凝聚态物理国家实验室，中国科学院物理研究所，北京  100190
Published: December 2020

Zn0.95Co0.05O Bulk samples were synthesized by solid state reaction method and annealed by different processes. The Zn treated samples show ferromagnetism，whereas the vacuum annealed samples do not show ferromagnetism. The XRD patterns show that there is Co impurity phase in the sample after Zn treatment at 1100℃，which is the reason of the ferromagnetism observed. At low temperature，both the positive and negative magnetoresistance （MR） effect can be observed for all the samples. We conclude that the s-d exchange_interaction_induced spin-splitting gives rise to positive MR， while the formation of bound magnetic polarons and the magnetic field suppressed spin-disorder scattering are responsible for the negative MR behavior under high field.
Suppression of sidelobe levels using two cascaded single-stage acousto-optic tunable filters
Authors: Yang Wei  , Liu Ying  , Xiao Li-Feng  , Gao Shu-Li  ,   天津大学理学院物理系，光电信息技术科学教育部重点实验室，天津  300072
Published: December 2020

Transfer function of single-stage acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) has sidelobes higher than -9 dB, and this large sidelobes level limits AOTF application. In this paper, the sidelobes of two single-stage AOTF's, which are polarization-dependent collinear and polarization-independent quasi-collinear respectively, are investigated, and the transfer function of double-stage filter is obtained. The calculations on single- and double-stage AOTF's have shown that the double-stage device can provide significant improvement in sidelobe suppression. In experiment, two single-stage AOTF's are cascaded, and filtering property of this double-stage device is measured. The experimental results show that the sidelobes of this cascaded AOTF is suppressed to -19dB，and the 3-dB bandwidth is narrowed to some outent.
Electrical properties of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors in applied axial magnetic field
Authors: Liu Hong  , Yin Hai-Jian  ,   南京师范大学物理科学与技术学院，南京  210097
Published: December 2020

On the basis of the tight-binding theory，we derived the band structure formula of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with/without a magnetic field. The results show that the band gap becomes zero periodically with increasing strength of the magnetic field，which indicates that the magnetic field can change the nature of the conductivity of carbon between the metal-type and semiconductor-type with 0.50 for the period. Furthermore，by using Natori theory on the field-effect transistor, we studied the influence of applied magnetic field on the current-voltage characteristics of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. The results show that in the two types of zigzag and armchair carbon tubes the conductivity oscillates with the voltage and the magnetic field and the oscillation behaviors are obviously different for these two types of carbon nanotubes.
Theoretical prediction of the ability for bulk materials to form single crystals
Authors: Ye Xiang-Xi  , Ming Chen  , Hu Yun-Cheng  , Ning Xi-Jing  ,   (1)东方汽轮机有限公司，德阳  618000; (2)复旦大学现代物理研究所，教育部应用离子束物理重点实验室，上海  200433
Published: December 2020

In the present paper，two concepts，“defect degree" and “crystallization potential"，are introduced for evaluating the defects in crystal and describing the potential field near the crystal surfaces，respectively. Based on vast MD simulations of Ni，Cu，Al and Ar crystal growth from different faces at various temperatures，it is shown that the defect degree decreases with increasing of the crystallization potential，indicating that the crystallization ability is determined uniquely by the crystallization potential，which can be obtained easily even with ab initio calculations. This result suggests a convenient way to evaluate the ability of materials to form perfect single crystals.
Magnatic field induced phase transition and transport properties in phase separated Eu0.5Sr0.5MnO3 system
Authors: Shu Miao-Miao  , Cao Shi-Xun  , Gao Tian  , Yuan Shu-Juan  , Kang Bao-Juan  , Yu Li-Ming  , Zhang Jin-Cang  ,   上海大学理学院物理系，上海  200444
Published: December 2020

The structure，electrical and magnetic properties of the half doping phase separated Eu0.5Sr0.5MnO3 manganite have been systematically studied. The results show that Eu0.5Sr0.5MnO3 compound has the O′ orthorhombic structure and shows typical Jahn-Teller distortion. It is found that ferromagnetic phase turn up near 75 K and evident split of field cooling （FC） and zero field cooling （ZFC） under 4000 A/m is observed around 42 K. The ac susceptibility curve shows also a sharp peak around 42 K，indicating cluster-glass state rather than a spin glass state at 42 K. Meanwhile，throughout the measuring temperature range，the electric transport shows insulating behavior and there is no insulator-metal （I-M） transition. However，an applied magnetic field of 1.6×105 A/m can induce I-M transition. The conducting behavior of Eu0.5Sr0.5MnO3 is well fitted by the Mott variable range hopping （VRH） model. All these phenomena indicate that for the ground state of Eu0.5Sr0.5MnO3，there exists the competition mechanism of several complex magnetic interactions. The study provides abundant experimental information to underdtand the mechanism of the strongly electron correlated system.