bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput study of X‐ray‐induced synthesis of flower‐like CuxO
Authors: Hu Qingyun , Zhu Lingyue , Zhuang Genmao , Wang Hong , Ren Yang , Hui Jian
Published: August 2024

CuxO with flower‐like hierarchical structures has attracted significant research interest due to its intriguing morphologies and unique properties. The conventional methods for synthesizing such complex structures are costly and require rigorous experimental conditions. Recently, the X‐ray irradiation has emerged as a promising method for the rapid fabrication of precisely controlled CuxO shapes in large areas under environmentally friendly conditions. Nevertheless, the morphological regulation of the X‐ray‐induced synthesis of the CuxO is a multi‐parameter optimization task. Therefore, it is essential to quantitatively reveal the interplay between these parameters and the resulting morphology. In this work, we employed a high‐throughput experimental data‐driven approach to investigate the kinetics of X‐ray‐induced reactions and the impact of key factors, including sputtering power, film thickness, and annealing of precursor Cu thin films on the morphologies of CuxO. For the first time, the flower‐like CuxO nanostructures were synthesized using X‐ray radiation at ambient condition. This research proposes an eco‐friendly and cost‐effective strategy for producing CuxO with customizable morphologies. Furthermore, it enhances comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of X‐ray‐induced morphological modification, which is essential for optimizing the synthesis process and expanding the potential applications of flower‐like structures.
AAPM Task Group Report 325: MRI static magnetic field homogeneity measurement and evaluation procedures – Guidance and resources
Authors: Brunnquell Christina L , Andrews Trevor J , Fielden Samuel W , Huff Kathryn , Jordan David W , O'Shea Michael T , Ragan Dustin K , Tressler Michael A , Salzillo Travis C , Och Joseph
Published: August 2024

Measurement of static magnetic field (B0) homogeneity is an essential component of routine MRI system evaluation. This report summarizes the work of AAPM Task Group (TG) 325 on vendor‐specific methods of B0 homogeneity measurement and evaluation. TG 325 was charged with producing a set of detailed, step‐by‐step instructions to implement B0 homogeneity measurement methods discussed in the American College of Radiology (ACR) MRI Quality Control Manual using specific makes and models of MRI scanners. The TG produced such instructions for as many approaches as was relevant and practical on six currently available vendor platforms including details of software/tools, settings, phantoms, and other experimental details needed for a reproducible protocol. Because edits to these instructions may need to be made as vendors enter and exit the market and change available tools, interfaces, and access levels over time, the step‐by‐step instructions are published as a living document on the AAPM website. This summary document provides an introduction to B0 homogeneity testing in MRI and several of the common methods for its measurement and evaluation. A living document on the AAPM website provides vendor‐specific step‐by‐step instructions for performing these tests to facilitate accurate and reproducible B0 homogeneity evaluation on a routine basis.
Assessment of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parameters for fabrication of solid and hollow microneedles using polylactic acid (PLA)
Authors: Kouassi Marie‐Carole , Kallel Achraf , Abdallah Abir Ben , Nouira Samia , Ballut Sébastien , Fitoussi Joseph , Shirinbayan Mohammadali
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the limits of a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process for the fabrication of solid and hollow microneedle patches. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, was used as the printing material. For solid microneedles, the effect of 3D printing parameters on the final quality of printed microneedles was studied. In addition, the microneedles dimensions were varied to obtain microneedles with minimal dimensions and then, to highlight the limitations of the printer used. Solid microneedle with a needle tip diameter of 348 ± 13 μm; a needle base diameter of 744 ± 25 μm and a height of 1488 ± 18 μm as minimal dimensions were successfully printed. The FDM technique, when combined with chemical post‐fabrication etching, effectively improved the size and shape of the printed solid microneedles. However, despite efforts to print hollow microneedles, the FDM process proved insufficient for achieving the desired hollow structures, indicating the need for alternative methods or techniques. Hydrolysis treatment has reduced the dimensions of the printed PLA‐based microneedles. On the other hand, printing tests were carried out to make hollow microneedle patches. The drug reservoir is a part of the microneedle patch, located within the base of the patch. The orientation of the printed object and the addition of supports to the drug reservoir were studied to facilitate the printing of hollow parts.
Sirolimus for vascular anomalies associated with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
Authors: Zabeida Alexandra , Brzezinski Jack J. , Wasserman Jonathan D. , Cytrynbaum Cheryl , Weksberg Rosanna , Zwicker Kelley , Zbuk Kevin , Gasparetto Alessandro , Willis Laura , Fantauzzi Michelle , Carcao Manuel
Published: August 2024

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a rare condition associated with vascular anomalies and increased tumor risk. Sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor used for managing vascular anomalies is underexplored in PHTS. A single‐institution retrospective review of children with PHTS and vascular anomalies treated with sirolimus identified seven patients. Median age at sirolimus initiation was 10 years. After a median 2.5‐year follow‐up, six of seven patients (86%) showed significant clinical improvement. No significant adverse effects were observed, except mild buccal ulcers and acne. This study supports sirolimus as an effective and safe treatment for vascular anomalies in a small group of children with PHTS.
Two masked prime arrows simultaneously affect a response to a target: Revealing of an additive unconscious priming effect
Authors: Tu Shen , Yan Jiuhong , Liu Chengzhen , Lv Jieyu , Jou Jerwen , Qiu Jiang
Published: August 2024

Since there are many sources of unconscious information in our minds, there is a possibility that multiple channels of unconscious information can affect a response at the same time. However, this question has been largely ignored by researchers. In the present study, we presented two opposite pointing arrows as the masked primes followed by a target arrow. The results suggested that the two directions in which the two prime arrows are pointing influenced the response to the target simultaneously and additively, that is, the overall priming effect caused by the two opposite pointing prime arrows was equal to the net effect of the individual congruent effect elicited by the same pointing prime arrow and the individual incongruent priming effect induced by the prime arrow poitning in the opposite direction. In addition, in Experiment 1, a biased delayed response to the target was observed when the target arrow and the opposite pointing prime arrow were closely positioned in space due to Gestalt continuity and closure grouping. According to these results, the “independent unconscious influence” and “reverse unconscious selection” hypotheses are proposed.
Stabilization of the open conformation οf insulin‐regulated aminopeptidase by a novel substrate‐selective small‐molecule inhibitor
Authors: Mpakali Anastasia , Georgaki Galateia , Buson Alberto , Findlay Alison D. , Foot Jonathan S. , Mauvais Francois‐Xavier , van Endert Peter , Giastas Petros , Hamprecht Dieter W. , Stratikos Efstratios
Published: August 2024

Insulin‐regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is an enzyme with important biological functions and the target of drug‐discovery efforts. We combined in silico screening with a medicinal chemistry optimization campaign to discover a nanomolar inhibitor of IRAP based on a pyrazolylpyrimidine scaffold. This compound displays an excellent selectivity profile versus homologous aminopeptidases, and kinetic analysis suggests it utilizes an uncompetitive mechanism of action when inhibiting the cleavage of a typical dipeptidic substrate. Surprisingly, the compound is a poor inhibitor of the processing of the physiological cyclic peptide substrate oxytocin and a 10mer antigenic epitope precursor but displays a biphasic inhibition profile for the trimming of a 9mer antigenic peptide. While the compound reduces IRAP‐dependent cross‐presentation of an 8mer epitope in a cellular assay, it fails to block in vitro trimming of select epitope precursors. To gain insight into the mechanism and basis of this unusual selectivity for this inhibitor, we solved the crystal structure of its complex with IRAP. The structure indicated direct zinc(II) engagement by the pyrazolylpyrimidine scaffold and revealed that the compound binds to an open conformation of the enzyme in a pose that should block the conformational transition to the enzymatically active closed conformation previously observed for other low‐molecular‐weight inhibitors. This compound constitutes the first IRAP inhibitor targeting the active site that utilizes a conformation‐specific mechanism of action, provides insight into the intricacies of the IRAP catalytic cycle, and highlights a novel approach to regulating IRAP activity by blocking its conformational rearrangements.
Dual actions of chloroinconazide on pepper blight in Capsicum annuum: disruption of Phytophthora capsici mycelium and activation of CaCNGC9‐mediated SA signaling
Authors: Zhu Xin , Zou Aihong , Liao Rui , Zhang Jianjian , Liu Changyun , Wang Chuanxiang , Hao Chunyan , Cheng Daoquan , Chen Lunfei , Sun Xianchao
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Pepper blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a devastating disease that seriously threatens pepper production worldwide. With the emergence of resistance in P. capsici against conventional fungicides, there is an urgent need to explore novel alternatives for pepper blight management. This study aims to assess the inhibitory effect of chloroinconazide (CHI), a compound synthesized from tryptophan, against pepper blight, and to explore its potential mechanisms of action.

RESULTS

The results demonstrated that CHI effectively targeted P. capsici, disrupting its growth and mycelial structure, which resulted in the release of dissolved intracellular substances. Additionally, CHI significantly inhibited the sporangium formation, zoospores release, and zoospores germination, thereby reducing the re‐infection of P. capsici. In contrast, the commercial pesticide methylaxyl only inhibited mycelial growth and had limited effect on re‐infection, while azoxystrobin inhibited re‐infection but had a weak inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. Furthermore, CHI activated the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway‐mediated immune response to inhibit P. capsici infection in pepper, with this activation being contingent upon cyclic nucleotide‐gated ion channel CaCNGC9.

CONCLUSION

CHI exhibited potent dual inhibitory effects on P. capsici by disrupting mycelial structure and activating the CaCNGC9‐mediated SA signaling pathway. These dual mechanisms of action suggested that CHI could serve as a promising alternative chemical fungicide for the effective management of pepper blight, offering a new approach to control this devastating disease. Our findings highlighted the potential of CHI as a sustainable and efficient solution to combat the increasing resistance of P. capsici to conventional fungicides, ensuring better crop protection and yield. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel structural reliability analysis method combining the improved beluga whale optimization and the arctangent function‐based maximum entropy method
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Li Yonghua , Zhang Dongxu , Zhang Duo , Chai Min
Published: August 2024

A novel structural reliability analysis method that combines the improved beluga whale optimization (IBWO) and the arctangent function‐based maximum entropy method (AMEM) is proposed in this paper. It aims to augment the accuracy of failure probability prediction in structural reliability analysis based on the traditional maximum entropy method (MEM). First, the arctangent function is introduced to avoid the effects of truncation error and numerical overflow in the traditional MEM. The arctangent function can nonlinearly transform the structural performance function defined on the infinite interval into a transformed performance function defined on the bounded interval. Subsequently, the undetermined Lagrange multipliers in the maximum entropy probability density function (MEPDF) of the transformed performance function are obtained using IBWO at a swifter convergence speed with heightened convergence accuracy. Finally, the MEPDF of the transformed performance function can be obtained by combining the IBWO and AMEM, and the structural failure probability can be predicted. The analysis of the metro bogie frame as an engineering example reveals that compared with the traditional MEM using the genetic algorithm to solve the Lagrange multipliers, the proposed method diminishes the relative error in failure probability prediction from 20.51% to only 0.09%. This method significantly enhances the prediction accuracy of failure probability.
Inference of multi‐sample stage life testing model under Weibull distribution
Authors: Samanta Debashis , Kundu Debasis
Published: August 2024

In this article we consider the meta‐analysis of stage life testing experiments. We propose a method to combine the data obtained from number of independent stage life testing experiments. We have assumed that there are only two stress levels for each stage life testing experiment and lifetime of the experimental units follows Weibull distribution at each stress level. The distributions under two stress levels are connected through Khamis–Higgings model assumption. We assume that the shape parameters of Weibull distribution are same for all the samples; however, the scale parameters are different. We provide the maximum likelihood estimation and the asymptotic confidence intervals of the model parameters. We also provide the Bayesian inference of the model parameters. The Bayes estimates and the associated credible intervals are obtained using Gibbs sampling technique since the explicit forms of the Bayes estimates do not exist. We have performed an extensive simulation study to see the performances of the different estimators, and the analyses of two data sets for illustrative purpose. The results are quite satisfactory.
Reliability analysis for manufacturing system of drive shaft based on dynamic Bayesian network
Authors: Cheng Taotao , Fan Diqing , Liu Xintian , Wang JinGang
Published: August 2024

Accurately analyzing the reliability of driveshaft systems is crucial in engineering vehicles and mechanical equipment. A complex system reliability modeling and analysis method based on a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is proposed to repair accurately and reduce the cost in time. Considering the logical structure of the drive shaft system, the reliability block diagram (RBD) of the manufacturing system is constructed in a hierarchical and graded manner, and a method of obtaining the Bayesian network (BN) directly from the RBD is adopted based on the conversion relationship between the RBD, fault tree and BN. A variable‐structure DBN model of the system is constructed based on a static BN extended in time series and incorporating dynamic reliability parameters of the components. Reliability analyses based on DBN reasoning, including reliability assessment, significance metrics, and sensitivity analyses, were performed to identify critical subsystems and critical components. This research contributes to enhancing product reliability, equipment utilization, and improving economic efficiency.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of HTO/TiO2 Composites Prepared by Hydrothermal Soft Chemical Synthesis Under UV Irradiation
Authors: Du Yi‐en , Wu Guopeng , Zhou Hang , Li Zhengyang , Li Juan , Zhang Zhenwei
Published: August 2024

White metatitanic acid H2TiO3 (HTO)/TiO2 composites with co‐exposed [111]‐, {010} and {101} facets were successfully synthesized by employing the white suspension of [TMA+]2[TiO3]2− as the precursor via a hydrothermal soft chemical synthesis method in the presence or absence of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([Emim]Br), 4‐bromine imidazole (Bmim) and 1‐methyl‐3‐propylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ([Pmim]BF4) ionic liquids. The structure, morphology, specific surface areas, microstructure, surface properties, and charge migration behaviors of HTO/TiO2 composites vary depending on the selected ionic liquid. The apparent rate constant of the Bmim‐HTO/TiO2 composite was the highest, at 0.0353 min−1, which was approximately 1.35, 1.38, 1.44, 2.67, and 88.25 times higher than that of [Pmim]BF4‐HTO/TiO2 (0.0262 min−1), [Emim]Br‐HTO/TiO2 (0.0256 min−1), No IL‐HTO/TiO2 (0.0245 min−1), CM‐TiO2 (0.0132 min−1) and Blank samples (0.0004 min−1), respectively. Compared with CM‐TiO2 and other HTO/TiO2 samples, the Bmim‐HTO/TiO2 composite featuring cuboid anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with co‐exposed [111]‐facets and {101} facets, exhibited superior photocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light irradiation. This exceptional performance can be attributed to its cooperative effects, including a larger specific surface area, the co‐exposure of [111]‐ and {101} facets, a suitable heterojunction structure, and the most efficient charge carrier separation. This work introduces a hydrothermal soft chemical process for preparing HTO/TiO2 composite with controllable morphology and co‐exposed reactive facets, which holds promise for practical applications in removing organic pollutants from printing and dyeing wastewater.
Development of Modified TiO2 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Ning , Jiang Tuohong , Qi Yihui , Zhang Dongqiang , Zhao Yu
Published: August 2024

TiO2 has advantages such as excellent photocatalytic performance, high chemical stability, low price, and not easy to produce secondary pollution. Therefore, the photocatalytic hydrogen production over TiO2 catalyst was an effective way to achieve hydrogen production from solar energy with low energy consumption and low cost. However, the TiO2 catalyst responds only to UV light due to its wide forbidden band, and the electrons and holes were prone to recombination, resulting in the decrease in photocatalytic activity and quantum efficiency. In recent years, researchers have conducted a series of modifications on TiO2 to improve its visible light response, reduce the rate of carrier recombination, and thereby enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. This paper reviews several main modification methods of TiO2 including morphology regulation, ion doping, semiconductor recombination, noble metal deposition, dye sensitization and their research progress in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Finally, the modification of TiO2 photocatalyst in the future was predicted.
Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)‐Mediated Green Approach for Synthesis of Benzothiazole Tethered Pyrazoles: Antimicrobial Properties and Molecular Docking Insights
Authors: Hussein Essam M. , Moussa Ziad , Obaid Rami J. , Abd‐El‐Aziz Ahmad , Altass Hatem M. , Elbanna Khaled , Abulreesh Hussein H. , Almalki Meshal , Banerjee Amrita , Chattopadhyay Arpita , Kumar Pal Samir , Ahmed Saleh A.
Published: August 2024

The escalating incidence of bacterial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics underscores the urgent need for the rapid development of innovative antibacterial medications. Heterocyclic compounds, particularly nitrogen‐containing heterocycles like pyrazoles and thiazoles, have garnered attention for their diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial properties. Here, we present a green and efficient multicomponent synthesis method for fourteen novel benzothiazole‐tethered pyrazole derivatives. Utilizing the deep eutectic solvent glycerol/K2CO3 as a base‐catalytic reaction medium at 70 °C, this synthesis approach yielded promising compounds exhibiting substantial antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans. Among these, 4‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine emerged as the most promising candidate, showcasing significant inhibitory potentials with CZD values of 24 mm, 21 mm, and 26 mm for S. aureus, B. cereus, and C. albicans, respectively. Molecular docking studies further supported the experimental observations, revealing the high binding affinity of the compound to the nitroreductase enzyme with a binding score of −8.5 kcal/mol. These findings underscore the potential of these synthesized compounds as antimicrobial agents and suggest avenues for future research in exploring their structure‐activity relationships and therapeutic applications in combating bacterial infections.
Introduction, Types, Properties, and Applications of Switchable Solvents: A Review
Authors: Kanawade Sandeep , Kesarwani Sonali , Bajpai Tripathy Divya , Gupta Anjali , Kumar Singh Sandeep , Chhabra Priyanka
Published: August 2024

Switchable solvents (SS) are a class of liquids with the unique ability to significantly alter their physical properties in response to external stimuli such as changes in temperature or the introduction or removal of CO2 gas. This reversible behaviour allows them to return to their original state with minimal changes, making them highly advantageous for various applications. A notable example of a switchable solvent is waste carbon dioxide gas, which is non‐toxic, non‐flammable, and cost‐effective. The versatility of switchable solvents extends to their polarity and physical states, which can be modified through molecular adjustments, opening new pathways for research and industrial applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of switchable solvents, including their classification, history, properties, and applications, with a particular focus on their role in green chemistry. The types of switchable solvents discussed include Switchable‐Polarity Solvents (SPS), Switchable‐Hydrophilicity Solvents (SHS), and Switchable Water. Each type is examined in terms of synthesis, chemical properties, and development. The desirable properties of switchable solvents, such as their efficiency and recyclability, make them suitable alternatives to traditional solvents in various fields. Their applications range from water treatment and oil extraction to cleaning solid particles and recovering residual motor oil. Additionally, switchable solvents have proven effective as reaction media and in recovering polystyrene from foam. This paper also highlights the environmental benefits of switchable solvents, emphasizing their role in reducing the ecological impact of chemical processes. The potential for future developments in this field is significant, with ongoing research aimed at enhancing their performance and expanding their applications. By providing a detailed analysis of switchable solvents, this review aims to support researchers and industry professionals in developing more sustainable and efficient chemical processes.
Investigations of Functional Groups Effect on CO2 Adsorption on Pillar[5]arenes Using Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Duy Ho Quoc , Rauls Eva
Published: August 2024

This study investigates how various functional groups affect the adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) in pillar[5]arenes (P[5]A) at the aim of enhancing CO2 capture in P[5]A for environmental applications. Density functional theory (DFT) and density‐functional‐based tight‐binding (DFTB) methods were employed to investigate the adsorption behavior of CO2 in pillar[5]arenes (P[5]A) with various functional groups including P[5]A with methyl (P[5]A‐OCH3), aldehyde (P[5]A‐OCOH) functional groups and pillar[5]quinone (P[5]Q). Self‐consistent charge DFTB calculations have been performed using the DFTB+ code, with dispersion corrections included for van der Waals interactions, to ensure accurate results at a lower computational cost. Bader charge analysis have been carried out with VASP code to understand the interaction mechanisms and charge transfer between P[5]A and CO2. The study demonstrates that changing the functional groups of P[5]A affects CO2 adsorption behavior. Specifically, CO2 adsorption is more favorable at the cavity site of P[5]A‐OCH3 compared to other functional groups, due to the combined effects of weak hydrogen bonds and π‐π interactions. The calculated results shows that the functionalization is one of the beneficial factors for CO2 capture in pillararenes, the adsorption energy and configuration of adsorbed CO2 at P[5]A are affected by both the polarization and geometry of the functional groups. Furthermore, the density of states (DOS) calculations confirm that CO2 is only physisorbed in P[5]A, ensuring the reusability of pillararenes after desorption. The findings of this study suggest that modifying the functional groups of pillararens is a promising strategy for developing high‐efficiency CO2 capture materials.
Synthesis, Structural, and Optical Properties of Modified Poly(vinyl Chloride) Thin Films by Ethylenediamine Loaded with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Abed Rasheed N. , Rashad Alaa A. , Hayawi Rahman Mokdad , Basem Ali , Al‐Ani Ahmed , Husain Amani , Jumaah Noorhan S. , Hashim Hassan , Bufaroosha Muna S. , Yousif Emad , Hadawey Abas
Published: August 2024

Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films modified with ethylenediamine (en) and doped by nanoparticles (TiO2, ZnO, NiO, and MgO). A mixture of 0.5 g PVC/en dissolved in THF and 0.01 wt % of nanoparticles were used in doping PVC to produce the nanocomposite films. All modified PVC films were characterized by different analysis techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer (NMR), diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DRS was used to analyse the scattered IR energy of the samples at wavelengths between (250–1350 nm). The optical properties and oscillator strength were also studied, the transmittance and reflectance values declined for the PVC films, and the absorption coefficient was observed between (79–89 %). The direct energy gap decreased from 4.6 to 1.9, and the indirect energy gap reduced from 4.3 to 1.9. The XRD exhibited a semi‐crystalline structure and the SEM test exhibited a porous structure of all samples. The Urbach energy was increased from 0.8772 eV to 14.712 eV, single oscillator energy (
) was also increased from 6.38 eV to 13.69 eV and the dispersion energy
increased from 23.40 eV to 70.63 eV. Moreover, the surface roughness parameters Ra and Rq of the PVC films in modified and doping were increased from 3.86 nm to 8.14 nm, and 5.08 nm to 10.10 nm respectively. So, PVC results show increased optical properties after modification with en and doping by NPs are used in the light conversion and aerospace industries.
Recent Advancements of Hyaluronic Acid Nanoscaffolds in Arthritis Management
Authors: Jana Koushik , Ghosh Somnath , Debnath Biplab , Kumar Rout Saroj , Kumar Sarangi Manoj , Halder Jitu , Kanti Rajwar Tushar , Pradhan Deepak , Kumar Rai Vineet , Dash Priyanka , Das Chandan , Kar Biswakanth , Ghosh Goutam , Rath Goutam
Published: August 2024

Arthritis is a significant health concern affecting over 528 million people globally, reducing quality of life. The chronic nature of arthritis, coupled with insufficient therapeutic effectiveness, recurrence, and adverse side effects, complicates its management. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as a promising solution due to its biocompatibility, non‐toxicity, and targeted drug delivery capabilities, being a key component of the cartilage extracellular matrix widely used in managing arthritis. HA's inherent viscoelastic property and ability to target CD44 have spurred interest in developing HA‐based systems for delivering drugs to manage arthritis. Hyaluronic acid nanoscaffolds (HA‐NSCfs) show improved outcomes over treatments, including enhanced drug uptake through receptor‐mediated targeting, prolonged retention in the synovium, reduced proinflammatory mediator expression, enhanced cartilage regeneration, reduced drug toxicity due to sustained release, and more cost‐effective treatments. This review highlights the rationale for using HA‐NSCfs for the management and advanced drug delivery systems in arthritis, emphasizing preclinical and clinical results. It discusses various solid‐lipid nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, polyelectrolyte complexes, liposomes, bilosomes, drug‐polymer conjugates, hydrogels, inorganic nanoparticles, and polymer nanoparticles, etc reported for arthritis management. Additionally, the review identifies key challenges and offers suggestions to address them, ultimately highlighting the potential of HA‐NSCfs as a topical treatment for arthritis.
Co‐Pyrolysis and Pyrolysis of Corn‐Cob Biomass and Waste Plastic: Comprehensive Study Based on Kinetic and Thermodynamic Approach
Authors: Reddy Anil Kumar , Ajay Raj A. , Baburao Upare Vishal , Amala J. , Krishna Prasad M. , Srinath Surananai , Anantharaman Anjana P.
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on the utilization of agro‐residual corn‐cob biomass, waste plastic and the combination of both for pyrolysis reaction using thermal analysis. Circular bioeconomy is assured by closing all the resource materials loops through co‐pyrolysis process. The conversion profiles of corn cob pyrolysis at various heating rates reveal a three‐stage decomposition process, and plastic waste exhibits single stage degradation. Due to the interaction between the blended materials, additional degradation peaks arise during the co‐pyrolysis of waste plastic (PET bottles) and biomass (corn cobs). The apparent activation energy fluctuates in the range of 120–260 kJ/mol with the conversion, according to Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS) kinetic methods. Notably, for co‐pyrolysis the apparent activation energy is lower (168 kJ/mol using FWO) than the individual biomass (179 kJ/mol using FWO) and plastic (175 kJ/mol using FWO), suggesting a positive synergistic effect during charring. The liquid crude and char product analysis from corn cob pyorlysis through FTIR and XRD confirms the application of the products in energy and chemical processes. The results obtained in this study can be utilized for co‐pyrolysis reactor analysis specifically using waste plastic bottles that are accumulating in the environment.
Synthesis of Ag−Cu−MnO Triple‐Metal Composite And Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Activity and Dye Removal Efficacy
Authors: Dhar Sanchari , Bania Trisha , Roy Arindam , Roy Saikatendu Deb , Nath Soumitra , Nath Abhijit , Das Krishna Chandra
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of triple metal oxide nanocomposites has revolutionized materials science due to their unique properties resulting from the interaction of multiple oxide components. This study aimed to synthesize mixed metal oxide nanocomposites using a co‐precipitation method with copper sulfate, silver nitrate, and potassium permanganate as precursor salts and sodium hydroxide as the precipitating agent. The resulting Ag−Cu−MnO triple metal composite was extensively characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR). The composite exhibited effective bactericidal efficacy against various bacterial strains, including Enterobacter bugandensis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the composite demonstrated notable photocatalytic activity, degrading 87.26 % of 50 ppm Eosin Yellow within 140 minutes under sunlight irradiation, as monitored by a UV‐vis spectrophotometer. This study highlights the dual functionality of the synthesized composite as both a photocatalyst and an antibacterial agent. These findings underscore its potential for diverse applications in environmental remediation and healthcare, marking a significant advancement in materials science.
Ligand Enabled Manganese‐Catalyzed Oxidation of 1,2‐Disubstituted Cyclobutanols
Authors: Karotsina Ulada , Pilicheva Margarita , Hurski Alaksiej , Astashko Dmitry
Published: August 2024

Here we report a protocol for the preparation of 1,4‐diketones from 1,2‐disubstituted cyclobutanols based on their ring‐opening oxidation with molecular oxygen. The reaction proceeds under manganese catalysis in the presence of 1,10‐phenanthroline ligand and leads to the target product along with minor 4‐hydroxyketone that can be oxidized with Dess‐Martin periodinane in the same reaction vessel. Substrates with alkyl and aryl substituents including those bearing functional groups were successfully engaged in the reaction.
Analysis of Channel Current Noise in Small Nanoscale Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Jia Xiaofei , Wei Qun , Zhu Yan , Zhang Wenpeng , He Liang
Published: August 2024

The shrinkage of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) to the small size of the nanoscale results in changes in their channel current noise composition. This paper determines the channel current noise composition of 90 nm MOSFET through experiments, and according to the device material and noise characteristics analysis, the channel current noise of 90 nm and below is obtained, which not only contains thermal noise and suppressed channel shot noise, but also adds suppressed gate tunneling shot noise and cross‐correlation noise. Then, Monte Carlo simulation of 10 nm MOSFET noise is further used to determine the channel current composition of small size nanoscale devices. Subsequently, based on the device structure and fundamental characteristics of channel current noise, the channel current noise model is established. Finally, this model is employed to analyze the relationship between thermal noise, suppressed shot noise, cross‐correlation noise, and channel current noise in relation to bias parameters and device characteristics. The theoretical results are basically consistent with the experimental and the simulated results, and the channel noise increases with the increase of bias voltage. This achievement holds promise for enhancing the operational efficiency, reliability, and lifetime of nanoscale small‐sized MOSFET devices.
Metal Coordination Complex Derived Fe7S8 Particles Embedded in N‐doped Carbon Framework with Regulated Porous Structure Enabling High‐Rate and Durable Sodium Storage
Authors: Wen Yi , Li Yaxuan , Wang Shuai , Huang Zhenni , Wang Yuting , Gao Jingyi , Zhang Lu , Qin Xiuqing , Ren Gaoya , Tang Tiantian , Yao Zhujun , Yang Yefeng
Published: August 2024

Iron sulfides with high theoretical capacity confront the challenges of low rate capability and severe capacity fading for sodium storage, which are mainly caused by poor electron/ion transport kinetics and drastic volume fluctuations during cycling. Herein, to mitigate these obstacles, a multi‐step synthetic tactic involving solvothermal, carbonization, and subsequent sulfurization is put forward for the construction of wire‐like structure by confining Fe7S8 particles in porous N‐doped carbon framework (denoted as Fe7S8/PNC) using zinc iron nitrilotriacetate as template. By partially substituting Fe3+ with Zn2+ in the metal coordination complex, the porous structure of coordination complex derived carbon framework can be regulated through pore structure engineering of Zn nanodroplets. The desired porous and robust core/shell structure can not only afford favorable electron/Na+ transport paths and additional active sites for Na+ storage, but also provide reinforced structural integrity of interior Fe7S8 particles by retarding the pulverization and buffering the mechanical stress against volume fluctuations. As anode for sodium‐ion batteries, the optimal Fe7S8/PNC delivers a high reversible capacity (743 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate capability (553 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and long‐term cycling stability (602 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 with 98.5% retention after 1000 cycles).
Deep Reconstruction of Ruthenate Perovskite Oxide Enables Efficient pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Le Fuhe , Jia Wei , Shu Wanting , Lu Zhenjiang , Lv Yan , Wang Tao , Wu Xueyan , Yang Xue , Ma Fengyun , Jia Dianzeng
Published: August 2024

Designing highly efficient, stable, and pH‐universal perovskites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is urgently needed yet remains a grand challenge. Herein, a titanium‐containing strontium ruthenate (SrTi0.5Ru0.5O3, STRO) is developed as an excellent HER electrocatalyst in a wide pH range. The introduction of Ti into SrRuO3 significantly reduces the size of STRO, endowing with a high reactivity that facilitates a deep surface‐reconstruction during HER. Furthermore, Sr2+ leaching triggered reconstruction leads to STRO breaking into tiny nanoparticles accompanied by high‐valence ruthenium (Ru) species reducing to metallic Ru. The generated active species, increased accessible sites, and improved electrical conductivity greatly boost HER. The reconstructed STRO displays remarkable HER activities with exceptional low overpotentials of 18, 24, and 55 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, 0.5 m H2SO4, and 1 m PBS, respectively, surpassing most perovskites reported previously and comparable to or even outperforming that of commercial Pt/C. Moreover, the STRO exhibits excellent stabilities over 200 h in alkaline and acidic media, superior to that of Pt/C. This work not only provides insights into structure reconstruction of perovskites during HER, but also opens new perspectives for developing high‐efficiency and pH‐universal electrocatalysts for future energy applications.
Robust Imidazopyridinium Covalent Organic Framework as Efficient Iodine Capturing Materials in Gaseous and Aqueous Environment
Authors: Matthys Gilles , Laemont Andreas , De Geyter Nathalie , Morent Rino , Lavendomme Roy , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: August 2024

The development of a high‐performing adsorbent that can capture both iodine vapor from volatile nuclear waste and traces of iodine species from water is an important challenge, especially in industrially relevant process conditions. This study introduces novel imidazopyridinium‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) through post‐modification of a picolinaldehyde‐based imine COF. These COFs demonstrate excellent iodine adsorption capacity, adsorption kinetics, and a high stability/recyclability in both vapor and water phases. Notably, one imidazopyridinium COF exhibits gaseous iodine uptake of 21 wt.% under dynamic adsorption conditions at 150 °C and a relative humidity of 50%, surpassing the performance of the currently used silver‐based zeolite adsorbents (Ag@MOR (17wt.%)). Additionally, the same imidazopyridinium COFs can efficiently remove iodine species at a low concentration from aqueous solution. Seawater containing triiodide ions treated under dynamic flow‐through conditions resulted in decreased concentrations down to the ppb level. The adsorption mechanisms for iodine and polyiodide species are elucidated for the imine COF and imidazopyridinium COFs; involving halogen bonding, hydrogen bonding, and charge‐transfer complexes.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon and Metal‐Nitrogen–Carbon Materials as Cathode Hosts for Li–S Batteries: Experimental Study and Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Huang Xingrun , Tang Yizhen , Wu Ying , Lin Zhan , Chen Chao
Published: August 2024

Both nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) and metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (MNC) materials have been extensively investigated in lithium‐sulfur batteries to alleviate the “shuttle effect”. MNC are generally synthesized using NC as the parent material, wherein nitrogen atoms in NC serve as the “bridge” to coordinate with metal atoms. So far, an important scientific issue has not been settled: does the introduction of metal sites into NC certainly enhance the Li–S battery performance? In this work, NC and MNC materials derived from the same precursor, a nitrogen‐rich porous polymer, are systematically compared as cathode hosts for Li–S battery through theoretical calculations and experimental investigation. Li–S cell with NC as the cathode sulfur host exhibits better cycle performance at low current densities (0.1 and 0.2C), whereas MNC materials predominate at higher current densities (such as 1C and 2C). Based on theoretical calculation and experimental results, it is concluded that the introduction of metal sites into NC through nitrogen bonding promoted the catalytic capability for faster sulfur redox reaction kinetics, whereas the adsorption energy toward polysulfides decreased. This work provides important guidance for more targeted design of advanced materials for lithium–sulfur battery application in the future.
Advanced 3D‐Printed Potassium Ammonium Vanadate/rGO Aerogel Cathodes for Durable and High‐Capacity Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Duan Zhixia , Zhang Xiaoling , Xu Junmin , Chu Ningning , Zhang Jinwei , Ji Mengfan , Wang Xinchang , Kong Dezhi , Wang Ye , Chu Paul K.
Published: August 2024

A 3D‐printed oxygen‐vacancy‐rich potassium ammonium vanadate/reduced graphene oxide (KNVOv/rGO) microlattice aerogel is designed for the cathode in high‐performance K‐ion batteries (KIBs). The 3D‐printed KNVOv/rGO electrode with periodic submillimeter microchannels and interconnected printed filaments is composed of highly dispersed KNVOv nanobelts, wrinkled graphene nanoflakes, and abundant micropores. The well‐defined 3D porous microlattice structure of the rGO backbone not only provides the interconnected conductive 3D network and the required mechanical robustness but also facilitates the penetration of the liquid electrolyte into inner active sites, consequently ensuring a stable electrochemical environment for K‐ion intercalation/deintercalation within the KNVOv nanobelts. The 3D‐printed KNVOv/rGO microlattice aerogel electrode has a high discharge capacity of 109.3 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 92.6% after 200 cycles at 50 mA g−1 and maintains a discharge capacity of 75.8 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 500 mA g−1. The flexible pouch‐type KIB battery consisting of the 3D‐printed KNVOv/rGO has good mechanical durability and retains a high specific capacity under different forms of deformation such as bending and folding. The results provide valuable insights into the integration of advanced 3D‐printed electrode materials into K‐ion batteries and the design of flexible and wearable energy storage devices.
High‐Strength and High‐Toughness Supramolecular Materials for Self‐Healing Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Yu Ning , Cheng Bingxu , Liu Yang , Wu Wei , Li Robert K. Y. , Liang Zihui , Cheng Fangchao , Zhao Hui
Published: August 2024

The development of self‐healing materials provides a new opportunity and challenge for advancing triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, the low strength and low toughness of self‐healing triboelectric materials often result in the deformation or breakage of TENG under high mechanical loads, thereby limiting their potential applications. Herein, a new strategy for fabricating self‐healing triboelectric materials is reported, which introduces cross‐linking networks with hydrogen bonds and metal coordination bonds. The desired high performance can be achieved by simply adjusting the molar ratio of the metal to the ligand. When the molar ratio is 1:2, the tensile strength, toughness, and elongation at break of the material reached 13.7 MPa, 76.9 MJ m−3, and 1321%, respectively. Furthermore, its self‐healing efficiency can reach 74% at 70 °C in 6 h. Working in contact‐separation mode, the electrical output can reach 164 V, 18.2 µA, 57.5 nC, with a maximum power density of 2.54 W m−2. Notably, even if it is sheared, the electrical output performances of TENG can be completely recovered to the original state. In addition, the developed TENG exhibits excellent output stability over 10 000 contact separation cycles. This study presents a promising approach for the development of stretchable smart generators.
Impacts of Dislocations and Residual Thermal Tension on Monolithically Integrated InGaP/GaAs/Si Triple‐Junction Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Yeonhwa , Shin Hyun‐Beom , Ju Eunkyo , Madarang May Angelu , Chu Rafael Jumar , Laryn Tsimafei , Kim Taehee , Lee In‐Hwan , Kang Ho Kwan , Choi Won Jun , Jung Daehwan
Published: August 2024

Direct epitaxy of III−V materials on Si is a promising approach for highly stable, scalable, and efficient Si‐based multijunction solar cells. However, challenges lie in overcoming epitaxial dislocations and residual thermal strain generated by lattice constant and thermal‐expansion‐coefficient mismatches, respectively. Herein, a 15.2% efficient InGaP/GaAs/Si triple‐junction solar cell with an open‐circuit voltage of 2.36 V by using In0.10Al0.16Ga0.74As digital‐alloy dislocation filter layers is first demonstrated. The filter layers are utilized in the n‐GaAs buffer on Si to reduce threading dislocation density to 4 × 107 cm−2 while maintaining optical transparency to Si bottom cell. Then, the impacts of threading dislocations and residual tension on InGaP/GaAs/Si cells are systematically investigated by comparing them to the co‐grown InGaP/GaAs tandem cells on a native GaAs substrate. Based on the comparative analysis, a strategy to suppress material deformation and defect formation toward 30% efficient InGaP/GaAs/Si triple‐junction solar cells is proposed.
Assessing the Performance, Reliability, Economic, and Environmental Impact of Photovoltaic Systems Installation Parameters in Harsh Climates: Case Study Iraq
Authors: Hameed Mohammed Adnan , Kaaya Ismail , Kyranaki Nikoleta , de Jong Richard , Daenen Michaël , Morlier Arnaud , Alias Qais Matti , Scheer Roland , Gottschalg Ralph
Published: August 2024

This study examines how photovoltaic (PV) installation parameters—such as tilt angle, azimuth angle, row pitch, height above ground, and albedo impact PV module operating conditions in harsh climates, focusing on irradiance levels and module temperature. It evaluates how these parameters influence degradation rates and the overall lifetime of PV modules. The study correlates variations in module lifetime to lifetime energy generation, economic factors, and environmental impacts. A novel PV optimization strategy is proposed, incorporating lifetime energy yield, levelized cost of electricity, and greenhouse gas emissions, rather than focusing solely on economic metrics. Findings show that installation parameters significantly affect climate stressors and PV module lifetime, making their consideration crucial. For instance, higher tilt angles are recommended to reduce stressor levels and extend the module's lifetime, optimizing energy yield while mitigating losses due to soiling. Height and albedo are identified as particularly sensitive, especially for bifacial modules, where small changes lead to significant differences in lifetime and energy yield. The study highlights an optimal albedo of ≈0.5, aligned with desert sand, suggesting that albedo boosters may not be necessary in desert climates. This approach offers valuable insights for balancing long‐term performance, environmental impact, and economic factors in PV system design.