bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB
Authors: Gochman Aaron , Tan Xiao-Feng , Bae Chanhyung , Chen Helen , Swartz Kenton J , Jara-Oseguera Andres
Published: May 2023

The cation-permeable TRPV2 channel is important for cardiac and immune cell function. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid of clinical relevance, is one of the few molecules known to activate TRPV2. Using the patch-clamp technique, we discover that CBD can sensitize current responses of the rat TRPV2 channel to the synthetic agonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) by over two orders of magnitude, without sensitizing channels to activation by moderate (40°C) heat. Using cryo-EM, we uncover a new small-molecule binding site in the pore domain of rTRPV2 in addition to a nearby CBD site that had already been reported. The TRPV1 and TRPV3 channels are also activated by 2-APB and CBD and share multiple conserved features with TRPV2, but we find that strong sensitization by CBD is only observed in TRPV3, while sensitization for TRPV1 is much weaker. Mutations at non-conserved positions between rTRPV2 and rTRPV1 in either the pore domain or the CBD sites failed to confer strong sensitization by CBD in mutant rTRPV1 channels. Together, our results indicate that CBD-dependent sensitization of rTRPV2 channels engages multiple channel regions, and that the difference in sensitization strength between rTRPV2 and rTRPV1 channels does not originate from amino acid sequence differences at the CBD binding site or the pore domain. The remarkably robust effect of CBD on TRPV2 and TRPV3 channels offers a promising new tool to both understand and overcome one of the major roadblocks in the study of these channels – their resilience to activation.
Effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation vs. conventional therapy in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Panathoop Arachaphon , Saengsuwan Jittima , Vichiansiri Ratana
Published: May 2023

Background

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent entrapment neuropathy resulting in hand pain, numbness and/or weakness, which significantly impairs hand function in daily activities. Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) is a potential therapeutic option for focal peripheral nerve disease and may be beneficial for CTS treatment. We aimed to compare the effects of rPMS and conventional therapy in the management of CTS.

Methods

A blinded assessor randomly assigned 24 participants with electrodiagnostically-confirmed mild or moderate CTS to either rPMS or conventional therapy. Both groups were briefed on disease progression and tendon-gliding exercises. In the intervention group, the rPMS protocol, five sessions of rPMS—with a frequency of 10 Hz, 10 pulses/train, and 100 trains/session—were performed over a period of 2 weeks, with three sessions in the first week and two sessions in the second week. At baseline and the end of the second week, the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, pinch strength, and electrodiagnostic results were evaluated.

Results

The rPMS group demonstrated significantly greater within-group improvement in symptom severity scores (2.3 vs. 1.6, p = 0.009) and pinch strength (10.6 lbs vs. 13.8 lbs, p < 0.001). Regarding electrodiagnostic parameters, sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude was significantly increased (8.7 µV vs. 14.3 µV, p = 0.002) within the group treated with rPMS. With conventional therapy, there were no statistically significant within-group differences. Multiple linear regression models showed that there were no significant differences in other outcomes in between-group comparisons.

Conclusions

Five sessions of rPMS resulted in significant reduction in symptom severity, improvement in pinch strength and increase in SNAP amplitude. Future research should investigate the clinical utility of rPMS using a larger sample and longer treatment and follow-up durations.
ICTs in Smart Agriculture: Paths to Build SDGs of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Mustak
Published: May 2023

This paper analyzes how the farmers of Bangladesh use modern information and communications technology (ICT) for gathering different agricultural data. Farmers of Bangladesh are being encouraged to use smart devices of information and technology such as smartphones, android phones, laptops, desktops, and electronic television for getting updates on different agricultural products, harvesting, and competitive markets. Information and communication technology includes all the devices with inbuilt human-to-human and device-to-human interaction systems. Thus, information and technology have a direct and indirect impact on rising farmers’ productivity and growth for sustainable development. This study shed light on the understanding of the effect of information and communication technology on the agricultural growth of Bangladesh for sustainable development with the help of a conclusive research design and a secondary method of data collection adopted in this research for understanding the importance of using information and technology in smart agriculture.
Analysis of the Technical Efficiency of Rice Production in Radhi Gewog, Trashigang District, Bhutan: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Yoezer Karma , Wangmo Yeshey
Published: May 2023

Rice is the staple cereal crop in Bhutan. This paper analyzes the technical efficiency and its associated factors that influences the rice efficiency in Radhi Gewog, Trashigang District in Eastern Bhutan. Primary data on socio-economic and production function data were collected by employing stratified random sampling from 120 rice producing farmers for the year 2021-2022. The stochastic frontier parametric analysis approach was used for analyzing the objective of the paper. The results showed that rice farmers in the study area are technically efficiency at 76.4 percent. Training, size of the household and extension were found to have significant effect on maize technical efficiency.
Impact of Oil Pipeline Transportation and Vandalization on Economic Development in Ikwerre Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Iheanyi Eberechi Nwagu , Chinedu Ukachukwu, Chukwuma
Published: May 2023

This study is on the impact of pipeline transportation and vandalization on economic development in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. Pipeline transportation is the preferred means of transportation of petroleum products in Nigeria. Significantly, this mode of transporting petroleum products has also become a major source of concern in that it appears to negatively affect the economic development of communities in the Niger Delta region. The study therefore, explores the impact of pipeline vandalization on economic development of Ikwerre Local Government Area. The methodology is qualitative. Data for the study is sourced from text books, newspapers, magazines, journals, periodicals, and documented materials. The findings highlight that the damage from pipeline operations has become chronic and cumulative and has compromised livelihoods and health of the impoverished communities leading to further economic under-development. The study recommends adoption of effective sustainable reforms to encourage responsible petroleum transportation activities in ways that will discourage vandalization and positively influence economic development of host communities in the near and long term.
Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Abattoir in Obio/Akpor and Eleme Local Government Areas of Rivers State
Authors: Aleruchi Owhonka , Deidei Hope Barine , Lawson Danagogo Stephenson , Nnodim Lasbry Chidi , Ogbonna Solomon Ikechi , Igoni Gote Yirabari
Published: May 2023

Abattoir operation could be very beneficial to man; in that it provides meat for human consumption and other by-products. The study was aimed at isolation of Staphylococcus species from various equipment used in abattoir. A total of 100 samples were collected from five different surfaces; bucket swab, butchers hand swab, table swab, knife swab and meat swab from four abattoirs; two from Obio/Akpor and two from Eleme Local Government of Rivers State. The samples were transported aseptically to laboratory for immediate analysis. The samples were cultured using standard microbial method on Mannitol salt agar. The isolates of Staphylococcus species were identified using biochemical tests. The Staphylococcal counts ranged from 10.64±0.07 to 25.50±0.71×105 CFU/g for bucket. The least count for the bucket sample was observed in Akpajo while the highest count was observed in Rumuokurushi. For the meat samples the counts ranged between 8.40±0.14 to 12.85±0.07 ×105 CFU/g, the least count was observed in Rumuokoro, while the highest was observed in Aleto. For the hand, knife and table samples the least counts of 10.35±0.35 ×105 CFU/g, 12.50±0.14 ×105 CFU/g and 14.80±0.14 ×105CFU/g were observed from Akpajo, and Rumuokoro, respectively, while the highest count was obtained from hand (26.75±0.07 ×105CFU/g), knife (15.30±0.14x105CFU/g) and table (22.50 ± 0.71x105 CFU/g) in Aleto, Rumuokrushi and Akpajo, respectively. A total of 43 isolates of Staphylococcus species was obtained in the study of which least percentage occurrence of 2.33% was record from table in Akpajo while the highest percentage occurrence of 9.3% was recorded from bucket in Akpajor. The results shows that cross-contamination of meat sold in the abattoir could come from the equipment used in the abattoir hence, their hygienic condition should be ensured.
Revisão Sistemática da Literatura sobre Expressividade e Regulação Emocional em Estudantes do Ensino Médi
Authors: Soares Adriana B. , Carreiro Thays F. , Monteiro Amanda S. , Mendes Vinícius S. A. , Uhr Fatima Regina B.
Published: May 2023

Adolescence is a period marked by many biopsychosocial changes in an individual’s life. In this sense, high school brings a strong emotional charge, as the teenager needs to prepare himself to think about his career, in addition to his personal dilemmas. Thus, the present study sought to understand what has been produced on the themes emotional expressiveness and emotional regulation in high school students. For this, it carried out a systematic review in four databases (PubMed, PepSic, SciELO and Lilacs), including articles published between 2011 and 2021. Initially, 3,723 articles were selected, which after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reduced to two. The results obtained here reveal that there are very few investigations into emotional expressiveness and emotional regulation in the country. However, both are clear about the positive effects of interventions with adolescents that included identification, understanding and naming of emotions, which are part of the emotional regulation skill. The first article demonstrates that these procedures were able to replace the violent response through the use of cultural objects of expression such as audiovisual and theater. In the second, the process of emotional regulation helped adolescents to build vital projects and to develop feelings that went beyond personal interests and included the concern and well-being of others. The relevance of the studies confirms the need to carry out national research in order to produce more knowledge in the area and support interventions for the socio-emotional development of adolescents.Keywords: Emotional expressiveness, emotion regulation, adolescents, high school, students
Subretinal Deposits Associated With Type 1 Cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Chen Huan , Zhang Yang , Dai Rongping
Published: May 2023

This case report describes a female patient aged 30 years who presented with subretinal deposits and blurry vision in the setting of type 1 cryoglobulinemia.
A dynamic nomogram for predicting unfavorable prognosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Zhuang Dongzhou , Ren Zhihui , Sheng Jiangtao , Zheng Zenan , Peng Hui , Ou Xurong , Zhong Yuan , Li Tian , Wang Shousen , Li Kangsheng , Chen Weiqiang
Published: May 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of the multiplication of neutrophil and monocyte counts (MNM) in peripheral blood, and develop a new predictive model for the prognosis of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis that included 2 separate cohorts of patients undergoing endovascular coiling for aSAH. The training cohort consisted of 687 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College; the validation cohort consisted of 299 patients from Sun Yat‐sen University's Affiliated Jieyang People's Hospital. The training cohort was used to develop 2 models to predict unfavorable prognosis (modified Rankin scale of 3–6 at 3 months): one was based on traditional factors (e.g., age, modified Fisher grade, NIHSS score, and blood glucose), and another model that included traditional factors as well as MNM on admission.

Results

In the training cohort, MNM upon admission was independently associated with unfavorable prognosis (odds ratio after adjustment, 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.10). In the validation cohort, the basic model that included only traditional factors had 70.99% sensitivity, 84.36% specificity, and 0.859 (95% CI, 0.817–0.901) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Adding MNM increased model sensitivity (from 70.99% to 76.48%), specificity (from 84.36% to 88.63%), and overall performance (AUC 0.859 [95% CI, 0.817–0.901] to 0.879 [95% CI, 0.841–0.917]).

Interpretation

MNM upon admission is associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients undergoing endovascular embolization for aSAH. The nomogram including MNM is a user‐friendly tool to help clinicians quickly predict the outcome of patients with aSAH.
Hot Sheet Metal Forming Strategies for High‐Strength Aluminum Alloys: A Review—Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Scharifi Emad , Yardley Victoria A. , Weidig Ursula , Szegda Damian , Lin Jianguo , Steinhoff Kurt
Published: May 2023

In the past decade, aluminum alloys have become important structural materials in the automotive industry, thanks to their low density, high strength, high fracture toughness, and good fatigue performance. However, an important limitation of aluminum alloys is their poor formability at room temperature; as a result, numerous studies have been conducted with the aim of developing forming techniques to overcome this and facilitate the forming of more complex‐shaped components. Following an overview on the metallurgical background of aluminum alloys, this article reviews recent developments in forming processes for aluminum alloys. The focus is on process variants at room temperature and at higher temperatures and on a new hot forming technique promising considerable improvements in formability. This review summarizes the influence of different process parameters on microstructures and mechanical properties. Particular emphasis is given to process design and to the underlying microstructural phenomena governing the strengthening mechanisms.
Atomically Dispersed Co2MnN8 Triatomic Sites Anchored in N‐Doped Carbon Enabling Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yan Xiaoxiao , Liu Da , Guo Peifang , He Yufei , Wang Xinqiang , Li Zhenglong , Pan Hongge , Sun Dalin , Fang Fang , Wu Renbing
Published: May 2023

Atomically dispersed transition metal–nitrogen/carbon (M–N/C) catalysts have emerged as the most promising substitutes to the precious platinum counterparts toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the reported M–N/C catalysts are usually in the form of common M–N4 moieties with only a single metal active site, and they suffer from insufficient activity. Herein, an unusual trinuclear active structure is elaborately developed with a nitrogen‐coordinated single Mn atom adjacent to two Co atoms (Co2MnN8) anchored in N‐doped carbon as a highly efficient ORR catalyst via adsorption–pyrolysis of a bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework precursor. Atomic structural investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Co2MnN8 would experience a spontaneous OH binding to form Co2MnN8‐2OH as the real active site, leading to a single electron‐filled state in the orbital and an optimized binding energy of intermediates. Accordingly, the as‐developed Co2MnN8/C exhibits an unprecedented ORR activity with a high half‐wave potential of 0.912 V and outstanding stability, not only surpassing the Pt/C catalyst but also representing a new record for the Co‐based catalyst.
Modulating Zinc Metal Reversibility by Confined Antifluctuator Film for Durable and Dendrite‐Free Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Qiang , Hou Junmin , Liu Yunbo , Li Lei , Ran Qiwen , Mao Jingqin , Liu Xingquan , Zhao Jingxin , Pang Huan
Published: May 2023

Aqueous Zn ion batteries are promising systems due to their intrinsic safety, low cost, and non‐toxicity, and the Zn corrosion and dendrite growth will cause the poor reversibility of Zn anode. Herein, the porous Zn@C solid, hollow, and yolk–shell microsphere films are developed as Zn anode antifluctuator (ZAAF). The prepared yolk–shell microspheres (Zn@C yolk–shell microsphere [ZCYSM]) film with superior buffering can effectively restrict the deposition of Zn metal in its interior and inhibit the volume expansion during plating/stripping process, thus modulating the Zn2+ flux and enabling stable Zn cycling. As a proof of concept, the ZCYSM@Zn symmetric cells achieve the excellent cyclic stability over 4000 h and cumulative plated capacity of 4 Ah cm−2 at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2. Concomitantly, the suppressed corrosion reactions and dendrite‐free ZAAF significantly improve the durability of full cells (coupled to CaV6O16·3H2O). Additionally, durable pouch cell and electrochemical neuromorphic inorganic device (ENIDe) are integrated to simulate neural network, providing a strategy for extreme interconnectivity comparable to the human brain.
Ion Migration as a New Paradigm to Boost Self‐Driven Perovskite Narrowband Photodetectors
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Li Yu , Wang Jian , Zhang Kai , Lin Zedong , Qian Wei , Deng Ziqi , Guo Fumin , Li Mingde , Vayssieres Lionel , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Phillips David Lee , Yang Shihe
Published: May 2023

Halide perovskite narrowband photodetectors based on a charge collection narrowing mechanism have emerged as a new class of optoelectronic devices for monochromatic imaging. However, improving the figures‐of‐merit of such narrowband photodetectors remains challenging due to the inability to manipulate the major material players in the elusive photoresponse process. Here, a novel approach of manipulating ion migration to enhance the narrowband photoresponse of self‐driven p‐i‐n type photodetectors is taken by intentionally adding mobile ions into the formamidine and methylamine mixed cation perovskite layer. The excess mobile ions reduce the activation energy of ion migration, and this facilitated migration orchestrates the ions in the perovskite layer to re‐engineer the energy band, and thus modulates the charge separation and collection energetics and kinetics, leading to an unprecedented boost of the narrowband photoresponse. The photodetector based on this approach achieved a peak responsivity of as high as 112.41 mA W−1 at 820 nm at zero bias with a full‐width at half maximum of only 22 nm and an over 3‐fold improvement in the spectral rejection ratio, making it highly promising for the next‐generation color imaging devices.
High Performance Broadband Full Linear Polarimeter based on ReS2 Nanobelts
Authors: Lin Tinghao , Yao Wendian , Liu Zeyi , Li Dehui , Zhang Xinliang
Published: May 2023

Polarization‐sensitive photodetectors can simultaneously sense the polarization states and intensity of light. Traditional polarimeters integrate photodetectors with complex and bulky optical systems such as polarizers and waveplates, which can not meet the current demand of on‐chip polarization photonic devices. This work has demonstrated a full linear polarization polarimeter based on two independent ReS2 nanobelt devices vertically stacked with a designed twist angle. The device achieves a high responsivity (959 A W−1) without applying an external gate voltage. In addition, the ReS2 nanobelt photodetector displays a strong polarization‐sensitive photoresponse with a linear dichroic ratio of 1.72 at 665 nm. By utilizing those two vertically stacked nanobelt devices, the linear polarization states of the incident light can be distinguished in a wide range of wavelengths from 590 to 800 nm. This study provides a simple route for future polarization‐sensitive optoelectronic devices.
Highly Sensitive Long‐Wave Infrared Photodetector Based on Two‐Dimensional Hematite α‐Fe2O3
Authors: Wang Suofu , Liu Hongtao , Cao Zhangyu , Wang Xiuxiu , Zhang Li , Ding Jingzu , Xue Yunzhou , Han Tao , Li Feng , Shan Lei , Long Mingsheng
Published: May 2023

Ambient temperature long‐wavelength infrared (LWIR) photodetection has many critical applications ranging from thermal imaging and optical communications to night vision cameras. Currently, high performance, low cost, air stability, and ultra‐broadband response still constitute challenges. Here, the study demonstrates a high‐performance uncooled LWIR photodetector using 2D hexagonal α‐Fe2O3 single crystal nanoflakes, which are synthesized via chemical vapor deposition. The 2D α‐Fe2O3 photodetector realizes high specific detectivity (D*) of 3.28×109 cmHz1/2 W−1 and very low noise equivalent power of 8.94×10−14 W Hz−1/2 with 10.6 µm laser. The photo bolometer effect is responsible for the photoresponse in the infrared range with a large temperature coefficient resistance of −241.2% K−1. This study shows a new type of potential broadband response material and provides a promising LWIR optoelectrical device with good air stability.
Catalytic Difluoromethylation of Alkenes with Difluoroacetic Anhydride: Reactivity of Fluorinated Diacyl Peroxides and Radicals
Authors: Tagami Takuma , Mitani Yusuke , Kawamura Shintaro , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: May 2023

Given the importance of difluoromethylated molecules for drug and agrochemical development, much attention has been drawn to the establishment of related synthetic protocols, as exemplified by the CF2H radical‐mediated catalytic difluoromethylation of alkenes. However, most of these difluoromethylations proceed under photocatalytic conditions, whereas those requiring thermal conditions are few. Herein, we developed a general and practical method of Cu‐catalyzed alkene difluoromethylation with difluoroacetic anhydride (DFAA) as a CF2H source, showing that the thus realized amino‐, allylic‐, and oxy‐difluoromethylations involve bis(difluoroacetyl) peroxide (BDFAP) in situ generated from DFAA and H2O2 and further demonstrating the occurrence of carbo‐difluoromethylation under catalyst‐free conditions. The obtained results pave the way to the simple and efficient synthesis of a broad range of difluoromethylated species and thus facilitate their practical applications, including those in medicinal and agricultural chemistry. Moreover, we probed the mechanisms of the observed transformations, rationalized the extraordinary fast decomposition of BDFAP compared to that of diacyl peroxides containing CF3 or CF2Cl groups, and performed DFT calculations to shed light on the low stability and decomposition mode of BDFAP. Finally, we examined the influence of fluorinated radical philicity on the reaction outcome.
Cell‐Based Therapies for Degenerative Musculoskeletal Diseases
Authors: Yin Pengbin , Jiang Yuheng , Fang Xuan , Wang Daofeng , Li Yi , Chen Ming , Deng Hao , Tang Peifu , Zhang Licheng
Published: May 2023

Degenerative musculoskeletal diseases (DMDs), including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, degenerative disc disease, and sarcopenia, present major challenges in the aging population. Patients with DMDs present with pain, functional decline, and reduced exercise tolerance, which result in long‐term or permanent deficits in their ability to perform daily activities. Current strategies for dealing with this cluster of diseases focus on relieving pain, but they have a limited capacity to repair function or regenerate tissue. Cell‐based therapies have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their unique mechanisms of action and remarkable effects on regeneration. In this review, current experimental attempts to use cell‐based therapies for DMDs are highlighted, and the modes of action of different cell types and their derivatives, such as exosomes, are generalized. In addition, the latest findings from state‐of‐the‐art clinical trials are reviewed, approaches to improve the efficiency of cell‐based therapies are summarized, and unresolved questions and potential future research directions for the translation of cell‐based therapies are identified.
Surface‐Mediated Spin Locking and Thermal Unlocking in a 2D Molecular Array
Authors: Cojocariu Iulia , Windischbacher Andreas , Baranowski Daniel , Jugovac Matteo , Ferreira Rodrigo Cezar de Campos , Doležal Jiří , Švec Martin , Zamalloa‐Serrano Jorge Manuel , Tormen Massimo , Schio Luca , Floreano Luca , Dreiser Jan , Puschnig Peter , Feyer Vitaliy , Schneider Claus M.
Published: May 2023

Molecule‐based functional devices may take advantage of surface‐mediated spin state bistability. Whereas different spin states in conventional spin crossover complexes are only accessible at temperatures well below room temperature, and the lifetimes of the high‐spin state are relatively short, a different behavior exhibited by prototypical nickel phthalocyanine is shown here. Direct interaction of the organometallic complex with a copper metal electrode mediates the coexistence of a high spin and a low spin state within the 2D molecular array. The spin state bistability is extremely non‐volatile, since no external stimuli are required to preserve it. It originates from the surface‐induced axial displacement of the functional nickel cores, which generates two stable local minima. Spin state unlocking and the full conversion to the low spin state are only possible by a high temperature stimulus. This spin state transition is accompanied by distinct changes in the molecular electronic structure that might facilitate the state readout at room temperature, as evidenced by valence spectroscopy. The non‐volatility of the high spin state up to elevated temperatures and the controllable spin bistability render the system extremely intriguing for applications in molecule‐based information storage devices.
Components of agricultural productivity change: Replication of US evidence and extension to the EU
Authors: Wimmer Stefan , Dakpo K Hervé
Published: May 2023

Increasing agricultural productivity is a policy priority in many countries. O'Donnell (Am. J. Agric. Econ. 94(4): 873–890, 2012) decomposed productivity change in US agriculture using a Lowe total factor productivity (TFP) index. We replicate the original study, assess its robustness to alternative TFP indices, and extend the analysis to EU agriculture. We consistently find that productivity growth in US agriculture is mainly driven by technical progress. In EU agriculture, TFP growth is less pronounced, and both technical change and efficiency change contribute to productivity changes. In both US and EU agriculture, the magnitude of measured productivity change varies across indices, highlighting the need to rely on multiple indices for robust policy recommendations.
Translating critical reflection into collective action: The mediating role of Asian American racial identity ideological values
Authors: Saavedra J. Abigail , Yoo Hyung Chol
Published: May 2023

Throughout U.S. history, Asian Americans engaged in various forms of collective action to challenge systems of oppression. Despite this, few studies challenge the stereotype that Asian Americans are apolitical and uninterested in collective action and focus on psychological correlates of Asian Americans' collective action. Collective action may be motivated by critical reflection on racism and inequality, which may induce shifts in racial identity ideological values that lead Asian Americans to align with minoritized groups. The current study examines whether Asian American racial identity ideological values—specifically, Asian American Unity, Interracial Solidarity, and Transnational Critical Consciousness—help explain why critical reflection is linked to collective action among Asian Americans. Multiple mediation analyses suggested that, among Asian American college students in the Southwest United States (N = 272), beliefs about Interracial Solidarity and Asian American Unity mediated the relationship between critical reflection (i.e., Critical Reflection on Racism and Perceived Inequality) and collective action (i.e., Support for Black Lives Matter and Sociopolitical Participation). Transnational Critical Consciousness did not mediate the relationship between critical reflection and collective action. This study highlights how Asian American unity and interracial solidarity beliefs underlie Asian Americans' critical reflection and collective action.
Making sense of the parenting ‘soft/hard split’
Authors: Brown Jenny
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the common parenting style tension around nurture versus limit‐setting often evident when working with families with a symptomatic child. Firstly it will delve into the parenting ‘soft/hard split’ with an overview of the literature on parenting styles. Next, it summarises the appearance of this phenomenon in the family therapy literature during its formative days, noting how Bowen, Minuchin, Haley, MRI (Bateson), and the Milan associates respond to this parent presentation in their approaches. Next, the paper outlines recent iterations of these family therapy interventions. An expanded discussion follows on Bowen theory's understanding of the parenting tension triangle. The article then outlines elements of the author's qualitative research study of parents' experience of adolescents' mental health treatment where the ‘soft/hard split’ emerged as a repeating theme. Finally, a clinical intervention based on Bowen theory, the Parent Hope Project, is outlined for how it addresses the parenting ‘soft/hard split.’ The goal is to contribute to understanding this phenomenon and its implications for clinical practice.
More than just pain?! A systemic compass for working with people with chronic pain
Authors: Bernaerts Lisa
Published: May 2023

Over one in four people in Belgium experience severe physical pain. One in 10 people develop chronic pain every year worldwide. Treatment of chronic pain is based on the biopsychosocial model. Scientific views state, among other things, that pain is a threat to the social self, which is an interesting point of entry for (mental) health‐care providers. Conversations with people with chronic pain are always about more than just their pain; they are interesting and cover a lot of ground. Talking about feelings of being hard done‐by, clarifying the complexity of the situation, examining the body as an autonomous entity, offering psychoeducation as a hypothesis, and a general attitude of not‐knowing form a compass that allows us to attune to the patient and not take up an advisory position. Living with chronic pain requires negotiating with the outside world, being allowed to care for and consider the body, and being allowed to differ from the norm and still fit in enough in a world where the body is just a background figure. An identity transformation and the effects of trauma are described. We meet Eddy and Anne, both dealing with chronic pain, who bring theory alive. The author gives an insight into her personal search and struggles as a psychotherapist introducing systemic psychotherapy in chronic pain patients.
Goethite (α‐FeOOH) photocatalytic activity at natural concentrations by the addition of H2O2 at neutral pH and the simultaneous presence of fluoride and bicarbonate
Authors: Alvear‐Daza John J. , Sanabria Janeth , Castaño‐Rodriguez Victor A. , Correa‐Betancourt Alejandra , Binet Silvia , Sánchez Francisco H. , Muñoz‐Medina Guillermo A. , Gutiérrez‐Zapata Héctor M. , Pizzio Luis R. , Rengifo‐Herrera Julián A.
Published: May 2023

The effect of the simultaneous presence of fluoride (0.15–1.2 mg L−1), bicarbonates (83.6–596 mg L−1), and synthesized goethite (0.3 mg L−1) at typical concentrations often found in groundwater samples was evaluated on the degradation of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) at pH 6.9 under simulated sunlight irradiation (300 W m−2) and H2O2 concentrations of 10 mg L−1. The 2,4‐D removal was strongly enhanced by the presence of fluoride. F− could modify the surface of iron (hydr)oxide, leading to the formation of surface Fe–F bonds benefiting the formation of free •OH, producing upward band bending, reducing the electron‐hole recombination, and enhancing the electron transfer to H2O2. On the other hand, bicarbonate may react with •OH generating CO3−• species that could participate in pollutant oxidation, while solar light‐induced H2O2 photolysis also played an important role in removing 2,4‐D. These findings suggest that tuning of iron (hydr)oxides by fluoride could take place in real groundwater, generating photocatalysts with a high activity that could participate, by adding H2O2, in the enhancement of sunlight photoinduced natural abiotic processes for pollutant abatement.
New Zealand's media and the crisis in the ocean: News norms and scientific urgency
Authors: Armoudian Maria , Stevens Grace , Stephenson Fabrice , Ellis Joanne
Published: May 2023

To date, no studies have analysed New Zealand's media coverage of ocean‐related threats, potential harms, or sources used for their coverage. This is concerning given that marine media coverage is linked to public support, awareness of conservation issues, and policymaking.

This research helps fill this gap, examining all ocean‐related articles 2 weeks before and after the 2019 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report's release on the oceans and cryosphere.

It first analyses the media's reporting of threats, potential harms arising from the threats, and the sources on whom journalists relied and gave voice, then it tests a report of global significance for influence on reportage.

Second, it examines whether the threats covered by media align with scientists' main concerns (from the IPCC report and a survey of New Zealand scientists).

In contrast to previous studies on media sources for environmental conservation, this study found that journalists in New Zealand relied considerably on scientists as key sources. However, it found that coverage of ocean‐related threats did not match scientists' main concerns.

Finally, the research found that the IPCC report appeared to influence coverage in two areas: reporting on threats to island nations, and multiple potential harms. Otherwise, New Zealand's media covered the IPCC report as any other news item, reporting on it and then shifting to other matters.

The lack of coverage on primary scientific concerns and that a globally significant momentous report did not dramatically impact the marine media landscape is problematic for conservation of ocean habitats, species, and broader environmental and societal outcomes owing to poor understandings by policymakers and the public, which can lead to inaction and policy failures.

The potential reasons and solutions to advance communication of marine conservation issues for a more educated and mobilized public are explored.
Sign‐indefinite static output feedback Nash strategy for mean‐field stochastic systems
Authors: Mukaidani Hiroaki , Sagara Muneomi , Xu Hua
Published: May 2023

We study static output feedback (SOF) Nash strategies for mean‐field stochastic systems. The study assumes a linear‐quadratic form of the cost functional, but the sign of the weighting matrix is indefinite. Moreover, the worst‐case disturbances are assumed to be of unconventional SOF form leading to a saddle‐point equilibrium. First, after defining the problem for the single‐player case, the necessary conditions for the existence of saddle‐point equilibrium are established. Then, we consider Nash games for mean‐field stochastic systems. Note that the cost functional associated with the mean‐field term is assumed to be of SOF form. We establish the necessary conditions for the Nash equilibrium using the cross‐coupled stochastic algebraic matrix equations (CCSAME). A new decomposition algorithm is proposed to avoid the challenges of solving high‐dimensional CCSAMEs. We also apply weakly coupled systems theory to propose a decentralized approximated reduced‐order Nash strategy. The degree of cost degradation of the decentralized strategy compared with the centralized strategy is derived more accurately than existing results. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed strategy set through numerical examples.
GalvAnalyze: Streamlining Data Analysis of Galvanostatic Battery Cycling
Authors: McNulty Rory C. , Rier Lukas
Published: May 2023

We present GalvAnalyze, a software tool developed in Python, that processes data collected using a variety of battery cyclers and creates a set of outputs that greatly reduce the inefficiencies associated with manual or semi‐manual analysis of galvanostatic cycling data. An experiment is carried out by 10 participants with varying degrees of experience processing galvanostatic cycling data, enabling quantitative analysis of the processing time benefit that GalvAnalyze provides. The functionality of GalvAnalyze includes handling data where the applied current density varies, separating the data into individual charge‐discharge cycle pairs, and producing hysteresis plots using a simple graphical user interface. The executable can be downloaded at http://www.thenamilab.com/ and is built to be accessible, with no prior coding expertise required. In the interest of transparency, and to allow future contributions to the functionality of GalvAnalyze by the wider community, the source code can be found on GitHub (https://github.com/LukasRier/GalvAnalyze).
Comparison of likelihood penalization and variance decomposition approaches for clinical prediction models: A simulation study
Authors: Lohmann Anna , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , van Smeden Maarten
Published: May 2023

Logistic regression is one of the most commonly used approaches to develop clinical risk prediction models. Developers of such models often rely on approaches that aim to minimize the risk of overfitting and improve predictive performance of the logistic model, such as through likelihood penalization and variance decomposition techniques. We present an extensive simulation study that compares the out‐of‐sample predictive performance of risk prediction models derived using the elastic net, with Lasso and ridge as special cases, and variance decomposition techniques, namely, incomplete principal component regression and incomplete partial least squares regression. We varied the expected events per variable, event fraction, number of candidate predictors, presence of noise predictors, and the presence of sparse predictors in a full‐factorial design. Predictive performance was compared on measures of discrimination, calibration, and prediction error. Simulation metamodels were derived to explain the performance differences within model derivation approaches. Our results indicate that, on average, prediction models developed using penalization and variance decomposition approaches outperform models developed using ordinary maximum likelihood estimation, with penalization approaches being consistently superior over the variance decomposition approaches. Differences in performance were most pronounced on the calibration of the model. Performance differences regarding prediction error and concordance statistic outcomes were often small between approaches. The use of likelihood penalization and variance decomposition techniques methods was illustrated in the context of peripheral arterial disease.
Pan‐cancer analysis of oncogenic role of insulin‐like growth factor‐binding proteins and validation in ovarian cancer
Authors: Tan Wei , Zhang Jie , Deng Zhimin , Dai Fangfang , Tang Lujia , Hu Wei , Liu Hua
Published: May 2023

Background

Numerous studies have shown that the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) pathway is highly associated with tumor initial and progression in several tumors. However, compared with IGF1/1R and IGF2/2R, insufficient studies have focused on IGF‐binding proteins (IGFBPs).

Methods

The GDC TCGA and GTEx data of 33 cancers, TCGA pan‐cancer immune phenotypes, tumor mutation burdens, and the copy number alterations of IGFBPs were extracted. Next, the prognostic value of IGFBPs was analyzed based on a univariate Cox analysis. Additionally, the ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate stromal and immune scores and tumor purity, and the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate tumor‐infiltrating immunocyte levels. Ultimately, the correlation between IGFBP expression and cancer hallmark pathways was estimated with a Spearman analysis.

Results

The expression of IGFBPs was differentially expressed and correlated with prognosis in specific cancers. IGFBPs may operate as biological markers for carcinogenesis and progression and as prognostic biomarkers. Additionally, IGFBP5 has been proved that promotes the invasion and migration of ovarian cancer.

Conclusions

In general, IGFBPs can serve as predictable biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for specific tumors. Our results could provide underlying targets for the design of laboratory experiments to elucidate the mechanism of IGFBPs in cancers and identify IGFBP5 as a prognostic factor in ovarian cancers.
Patient‐reported quality of life in adolescents and young adults with cancer who received radiation therapy
Authors: Corrigan Kelsey L. , Reeve Bryce B. , Salsman John M. , Siembida Elizabeth J. , Smith Grace L. , Swartz Maria C. , Lee Kamaria L. , Afridi Faraz , Andring Lauren M. , Bishop Andrew J. , Gunther Jillian R. , Livingston J. Andrew , Peterson Susan K. , Roth Michael
Published: May 2023

Background

Radiation therapy (RT) is a common treatment for adolescents and young adults (AYAs, 15–39 years old) with cancer; however, it may cause toxicities that affect health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQOL). Thus, we assessed HRQOL in AYAs before, during, and after RT.

Methods

We identified 265 AYAs who completed HRQOL PROMIS® surveys before (n = 87), during (n = 84), or after (n = 94) RT. Higher PROMIS® score represents more of the concept. Mean scores were compared to the general US population and minimally important differences (MIDs) were used to evaluate the impact of cancer on HRQOL. Linear regression modeling was used to evaluate the effect of clinical and demographic factors on PROMIS scores.

Results

Median [IQR] age was 26 [20–31] years. Cancer types varied; most had sarcoma (26%) or CNS malignancy (23%). Compared to the general US population, the before RT cohort had worse anxiety (mean score 55.2 vs. 50, MID 3, p < 0.001) and the during RT cohort had worse global physical health (mean score 44.9 vs. 50, MID 5, p < 0.001). In the during RT cohort, patients with regional/distant disease had significantly worse pain (B = 15.94, p < 0.01) and fatigue (B = 14.20, p = 0.01) than patients with localized disease. In the after RT cohort, adolescents (15–18 years) and young adults (26–39 years) had worse global physical health (B = ‐6.87, p < 0.01, and B = ‐7.87, p < 0.01, respectively) and global mental health (B = ‐6.74, p < 0.01, and B = ‐5.67, p = 0.01, respectively) than emerging adults (19–25 years).

Conclusions

AYAs with cancer receiving RT experience impairments in various domains of HRQOL. Advanced cancer stage may contribute to poorer short‐term HRQOL and developmental stage may contribute to differing long‐term HRQOL.
Adherence and contamination in a 1‐year physical activity program in childhood cancer survivors: A report from the SURfit study
Authors: Jung Ruedi , Zürcher Simeon J. , Schindera Christina , Braun Julia , Deng Wei Hai , von der Weid Nicolas X. , Rueegg Corina S. , Kriemler Susi
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Meeting intervention requirements is crucial in behavioral trials. We examined patterns and predictors of physical activity (PA) adherence and contamination in a 1‐year individualized randomized controlled PA behavioral intervention in childhood cancer survivors (CCS).

Methods

CCS aged ≥16 at enrolment, <16 at diagnosis, and ≥5 years in remission were identified from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry. We asked participants randomized to the intervention group to perform an additional ≥2.5 h of intense PA/week and controls to continue as usual. Adherence to the intervention was assessed by online diary (adherent if ≥2/3 of individual PA goal reached) and contamination for the control group by pre‐ and post‐questionnaire including PA levels (contaminated if >60 min increase/week in PA). Predictors of adherence/contamination including quality of life (36‐Item Short Form Survey) were assessed by questionnaire. We used logistic (control group) and mixed logistic regression models (exercise group) to estimate predictors of study adherence and contamination.

Results

One hundred and forty‐four survivors (30.4 ± 8.7 years old, 43% females) were included. Adherence was 48% (35/73) in the intervention group, while 17% (12/71) of controls contaminated group allocation. Predictors for PA adherence were female sex (OR 2.35, p = 0.03), higher physical (OR 1.34, p = 0.01) and mental quality of life (OR 1.37, p = 0.001), and week into the intervention (OR 0.98, p < 0.001). Clear differences in PA behavior of adherent and non‐adherent participants were seen from week four. No significant predictors for contamination were found for controls.

Conclusion

Adherence to PA behavior interventions remain challenging in both groups. Further long‐term trials should consider intense motivational support within the first month, more detailed data collection for the control group, adjustments to power calculations and other study designs to minimize non‐adherence and contamination.
Diagnostic value of high‐risk HPV other than type 16/18 in high‐grade cervical neoplasia among cytology‐negative women: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Bai Anying , Xue Peng , Li Qing , Jiang Yu , Qiao Youlin
Published: May 2023

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer, and a tool more sensitive than cytology for the early screening of cervical precancers. The two most carcinogenic genotypes HPV 16/18 have been reported in the majority of studies. High‐risk HPVs other than HPV 16/18 (non‐16/18‐hrHPVs) cause approximately a quarter of cervical cancers, and we aimed to analyze the genotype‐specific prevalence, risk and diagnostic efficiency of non‐16/18‐hrHPVs in cervical carcinogenesis among Chinese cytology‐negative women.

Methods

A total of 7043 females who had abnormal cervical testing results from January 2018 to October 2021 were enrolled, among them 3091 were cytology‐negative. Descriptive statistics was used to estimate the HPV genotype‐specific prevalence, and multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the genotype‐specific non‐16/18 hrHPVs risk of cervical carcinogenesis. The evaluation of diagnostic value among HPV genotypes included the possibility of predicting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 or worse (CIN2+/CIN3+) and the diagnostic efficiency measured by increased referral rate and referral numbers of colposcopies per additional CIN2+/CIN3+ detected.

Results

Among HPV‐positive cytology‐negative women, the five dominant genotypes for CIN2+/CIN3+ were HPV 31/33/35/52/58. HPV 52/58/33 had comparatively high sensitivity and specificity in predicting CIN2+/CIN3+, while the referral strategy of multiple HPV58 required 26 colposcopies to detect 1 CIN3+, compared with 14, 12, and 8 required by multiple HPV52, 31, and 33, respectively.

Conclusions

HPV31/33/35/52/58 infections are significant risk factors for cervical lesions, and multiple HPV 31/33/52 infections should be included in the previously recommended HPV16/18 genotyping triage for colposcopy in China, as the benefits of disease prevention may outweigh the disadvantages of increasing requirements for colposcopy services.