bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovering financial sustainability of debtors: present-day legislative development trends
Authors: Belousov Andrey Leonidovich , Amarsanaa Vandan-Ish
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research is to study the problems rooted in the development of relations in the sphere of bankruptcy in the Russian Federation, connected with the inefficiency of procedures aimed at financial rehabilitation of business entities, as well as to identify the main directions for further changes in the legal regulation of this area. The methodological basis was based on the application of such research methods as logical and structural analysis, systemic-functional approach, formal legalistic method. The research resulted in the disclosure of substance, features and legal regulation of such an important mechanism of market relations as a bankruptcy. As part of the research, the authors present the evaluation of law enforcement practice based on the norms of the current legislation on insolvency. A particular result of its regulatory impact is cumulatively assessed. The key problems of the law enforcement practice that has been formed within the past 20 years, as concerns the sphere of insolvency of business entities, have been formulated. The further directions of changes in legal regulation with regard to the relations in the sphere of bankruptcy in the Russian Federation have been outlined. It was concluded that, in the current situation, a change of approaches to the current bankruptcy system in favour of extending the use of rehabilitation procedures can provide significant support to businesses facing a difficult financial situation. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive study of the problems connected with the inefficiency of rehabilitation procedures, and in the formulation of concrete proposals for improving the legal environment in the sphere of bankruptcy.
Sole will and joint will of spouses: a comparative approach (permissible aspect)
Authors: Ushakov Ruslan Mikhailovich , Gavrilov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: August 2021

The research is aimed at structuring doctrinal developments on the stated topic, comparing them with the related Russian and foreign practices and formulating their own scientific position. The subject of the research is the legal relationship arising in connection with a) the right to make a sole will and b) the determination by the spouses subject to the joint will of the corresponding rights and obligations for a heir. In the course of the study, the dialectical method, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy as well as the systemic method were used; special legal methods were used, in particular, the comparative approach. The problem of civil law regulation of the institution of will, and in particular of the joint will of spouses, with the comparative legal method was analysed. As a result, the authors, on the basis of an analysis of the current domestic and foreign civil legislation, have developed ways to solve the identified problems by making appropriate changes to the civil legislation. In particular, the concept of a classic will has been formulated and substantiated. It was established that the mandatory provision concerning the loss of effect of a joint will in the event of a marriage being declared invalid after the death of one of the spouses violates the legitimate interests of a bona fide spouse, and therefore it was proposed to supplement the civil legislation with provisions that would allow the court to keep such a will in force. It has been substantiated that the Russian legislator needs to supplement the legal structure of the institution under research by allowing to draw up a joint will of spouses in extraordinary circumstances. The novelty of the research lies in the proposal to amend the articles of the current civil legislation in order to secure the possibility of making a sole will with electronic or any other technical aids.
Effekte von hochintensivem Intervalltraining (HIIT) auf Body-Mass-Index (BMI) und Körperfettanteil von übergewichtigen und adipösen Kindern – eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Sitzmann Lennert , Akrama Gaith , Baumann Christian
Published: August 2021

Hintergrund Mehr als 340 Millionen Kinder gelten weltweit als übergewichtig oder adipös, ihre Anzahl nahm in den letzten Jahren – auch durch die Coronapandemie – erheblich zu. Eine alternative Behandlung zur Reduzierung des Übergewichts, die in den Empfehlungen bisher keine große Beachtung findet, stellt das sogenannte hochintensive Intervalltraining (HIIT) dar.

Ziel Darstellung der Wirksamkeit von hochintensivem Intervalltraining auf den BMI und Körperfettanteil übergewichtiger und adipöser Kinder im Alter von 6–13 Jahren.

Methode Die Erstellung der systematischen Übersichtsarbeit orientierte sich an den PRISMA-Guidelines. Für die Literaturrecherche wurden die Datenbanken MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, Sports Medicine & Education Index und Web of Science nach Studien mit hochintensivem Intervalltraining für übergewichtige und adipöse Kinder durchsucht. Die Bewertung der methodischen Studienqualität erfolgte mittels PEDro-Skala, MINORS und Risk of Bias. Die Berichtsqualität wurde anhand von CONSORT und TREND bewertet.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 6 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien und 2 kontrollierte klinische Studien mit 479 HIIT-Teilnehmenden betrachtet. Diese zeigten, dass hochintensives Intervalltraining positive Auswirkungen auf den BMI und Körperfettanteil übergewichtiger und adipöser Kinder hat.

Schlussfolgerung Hochintensives Intervalltraining ist eine kinderfreundliche und zugleich effektive Alternative zur Behandlung von übergewichtigen und adipösen Kindern. Weitere klinische Studien sind erforderlich, um die Ergebnisse zu bekräftigen.
Amendments suggested for zoo medical research strategies with focus on the D-A-CH region
Authors: Sipos Wolfgang , Lutonsky Christiane
Published: August 2021

Objective Scientific exploration of zoo animals is one of the main missions of modern zoos. As scientific achievements are best reflected within scientific literature, we screened appropriate literature search outcomes from the 5 highest ranked zoos in the D-A-CH region (Germany-Austria-Switzerland) in order to deduce suggestions for optimizations of future research strategies.

Material and methods Literature search was done by entering ”Zoo Vienna”, “Tiergarten Schönbrunn”, “Zoo Berlin”, “Tiergarten Berlin”, “Tierpark Hellabrunn”, “Tierpark Hagenbeck”, and “Zoo Zurich” on PubMed and Scopus for the period 2000–2020. These 5 European zoos were chosen due to their broad public recognition and international importance. Inclusion criterion for the literature list was the description/mentioning of analysed animals or samples with a clear affiliation to the respective zoo in the materials and methods or acknowledgements sections. Search hits were then allocated to the following 7 areas: animal nutrition, biology, ethology, infectiology, reproduction, phylogenetics, and clinical medicine. Also, portions of higher animal taxa (and species, if appropriate) were recorded.

Results and conclusions A total of 142 papers has been published. Mammals, especially large ones, were clearly over-represented in literature with 2 thirds of analysed papers dealing with them. Sauropsids (birds and reptiles) were treated in 28 % and non-amniotic vertebrates (amphibians and fish) as well as invertebrates in only 3 % each. This apportionment is in no relation to the species numbers of the respective higher animal taxa. The predominating research areas (covered by approximately 75 % of papers) were ethological studies, followed by papers on infectious diseases, and finally papers on biology with morphological, physiological, and molecular biological themes. Research on reproductive biology/medicine, which is considered to be of tremendous importance for the establishment of ex-situ populations and thus for the conservation of endangered species, has been covered by only 6 % of papers. Future research should more intensely keep an eye on that discipline, especially in non-mammalian vertebrates.
Long-COVID – Eine Mitochondriopathie?
Authors: Gröber Uwe
Published: August 2021

In Deutschland steigt die Impfquote wöchentlich, so dass ein Ende der kritischen Phase der Coronavirus-Pandemie absehbar scheint. Nach Schätzungen der WHO leidet etwa jeder 10. COVID-19-Patient noch 12 Wochen nach der Infektion unter lang anhaltenden Beschwerden, auch wenn er nicht in der Klinik behandelt werden musste. Das SARS-CoV-2-Virus kann zentrale mitochondriale Funktionen beeinflussen und damit eine Störung der angeborenen Immunität sowie der antiviralen Signalwege und mitochondrialen Dynamik auslösen. Dies spielt aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach eine zentrale Rolle in der Pathogenese von COVID-19 als auch von Long-COVID. Der Beitrag geht auf die spezifische Zellinfektion sowie auf neue antivirale Strategien ein.
Feedback im Athletiktraining
Authors: Kadlec Daniel , Groeger David
Published: August 2021

Sowohl im leistungsorientierten Training als auch in der Rehabilitation nach verschiedenen Verletzungen und Erkrankungen beeinflusst das Feedback das motorische Lernen. Zeitpunkt, Häufigkeit und Inhalt des Feedbacks haben dabei entscheidenden Einfluss darauf, wie sich das Feedback auf das motorische Lernen auswirkt.
Clinical effects of 2 commercially available diets on canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Boehm Teresa M. S. A. , Klinger Christoph J. , Udraite-Vovk Laura , Navarro Christelle , Mueller Ralf S.
Published: August 2021

Objective Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common skin disease in dogs. Prior studies were able to determine beneficial effects of essential fatty acids (EFA) on the clinical signs of CAD. The aim of this study was set to evaluate the effects of a newly designed, EFA-enriched diet on the clinical signs of CAD compared to another EFA-enriched diet.

Materials and methods In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study, 31 privately owned dogs with atopic dermatitis received either the control diet (diet A, Hill’s Prescription Diet™ d/d™ Salmon & Rice, n = 17) or the test diet (diet B, Veterinary HPM™ Dermatology Support D1, Virbac, n = 14) for 12 weeks. At the beginning of the study as well as after 4, 8 and 12 weeks, skin lesions and pruritus were evaluated via validated scores and the administered medication was documented. At the same time, the dogs’ coat quality was evaluated via a distinct scoring system. In both groups, a total of 7 dogs each completed the entire study.

Results After 12 weeks, there was a mild improvement in lesion scores, pruritus and coat quality with both diets.

Clinical relevance In this study, both diets improved the patients’ skin lesions pruritus and coat quality.
Idiopathic Frozen Shoulder in Individuals with Diabetes: Association
with Metabolic Control, Obesity, Antidiabetic Treatment and Demographic
Characteristics in Adults with Type 1 or 2 Diabetes from the DPV
Registry
Authors: Eckert Alexander J. , Plaumann Maike , Pehlke Sigrid , Beck Christof , Mühldorfer Steffen , Weickert Uwe , Laimer Markus , Pfeifer Martin , Stechemesser Lars , Holl ReinhardW.
Published: August 2021

Aims To examine the association of frozen shoulder (FS) with demographic
and diabetes-related outcomes in individuals with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D)
diabetes aged ≥30 years.

Materials and methods Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted
for demographics were used to calculate the proportion of FS in association with
age, gender, diabetes duration, body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)
and diabetes treatment.

Results The unadjusted percentage of FS was higher in T1D compared to T2D
(0.22% vs. 0.06%). In T1D, adjusted regression models revealed
higher prevalence of FS in women than men (0.26 [0.20–0.34] %
vs. 0.15 [0.11–0.21] %, p=0.010). No significant
relationship of age and BMI with FS was found in both diabetes types. Longer
diabetes duration was associated with a higher proportion of FS in T1D
(p<0.001) and T2D (p=0.004). In T1D, HbA1c
>7% was related to a higher proportion of FS compared to HbA1c
≤7% (0.25 [0.19–0.32] vs. 0.12 [0.08–0.20]
%, p=0.007), while an inverse relationship was found in
T2D (HbA1c ≤7%: 0.08 [0.07–0.10] vs. HbA1c
>7%: 0.05 [0.04–0.06] %,
p=0.001).

Conclusions Different associations of FS with gender and HbA1c were
observed for T1D and T2D; however, longer diabetes duration increases the risk
for FS independent of diabetes type. Musculoskeletal diseases are still
underreported in individuals with diabetes and awareness should be raised for FS
as a specific diabetes complication.
Adipositas beim Hund – ein Überblick zu den Ursach
Authors: Ronja Nitsch , Kölle Petra
Published: August 2021

Übergewicht stellt nicht nur bei Menschen, sondern auch bei Haustieren ein schwerwiegendes gesundheitliches Problem dar. Dieses wird jedoch durch den Besitzer häufig nicht als solches erkannt. Aktuelle Studien gehen davon aus, dass bis zu 60 % der Haushunde übergewichtig oder krankhaft adipös sind. Vielseitige Ursachen kommen in Betracht. Nicht nur das Fütterungsmanagement, sondern auch die Genetik, das Alter und Geschlecht, bestimmte Primärerkrankungen, iatrogene Ursachen und die Besitzer-Haustier-Beziehung können zur Erhöhung des Erkrankungsrisikos beitragen. Um Adipositas qualifiziert zu behandeln oder idealerweise die Erkrankung gänzlich zu verhindern, ist das detaillierte Wissen über die verschiedenen Risikofaktoren essenziell. Der Artikel bietet eine Übersicht zu den bisher bekannten Ursachen.
PEG-Supported Hypervalent Iodine Reagent for Sulfonamide Synthesis
Authors: Marques M. Manuel B. , Macara João , Poeira Diogo L. , Coelho Jaime A. S.
Published: August 2021

A reusable and recoverable PEG-supported hypervalent iodine reagent is reported. This hypervalent iodine reagent, immobilized in a soluble polymer support, was easily prepared in six steps from PEG-OH 2000. This reagent was successfully applied in a mild sulfonamide synthesis using a sulfinate salt and an amine in up to 95% yield. The use of the soluble polymer allowed a facile workup procedure and reaction monitoring, by simple precipitation and filtration of the reagent, with an easy recovery and subsequent re-oxidation and reuse. This approach greatly improves the sustainability of this sulfonamide synthesis method, avoiding frequent preparation of reagents and generation of waste during the purification steps.
Donor Site Morbidity after Lumbar Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Opsomer Dries , Vyncke Tom , Ryx Michelle , Van Landuyt Koenraad , Blondeel Phillip , Stillaert Filip
Published: August 2021

Background The lumbar artery perforator flap is a second-choice flap in autologous breast reconstruction whenever a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is not possible. Ideal candidates are pear-shaped women who do not have enough bulk on the abdomen or thighs. Patient-reported “satisfaction with breasts” is excellent but we were curious about the donor site morbidity.

Methods We performed a retrospective study of all lumbar flap breast reconstructions performed between 2010 and 2019. Patients were invited by e-mail and telephone to take part in a BREAST-Q survey.

Results One hundred fifty-four flaps were performed in 110 patients. Sixty-three patients filled out the BREAST-Q questionnaire. The most frequently observed donor site complications are seroma (35.1%), dehiscence (8.4%), and hematoma (3.2%). Correction of the donor site scar was performed in 31.8% of patients, lipofilling of the donor flank in 5.2%, and liposuction of the contralateral flank in 18.3% of patients. Body mass index (BMI) was the only significant risk factor for donor site complications. Patient-reported “satisfaction with donor site appearance” was good but significantly lower for primary reconstructions compared with secondary and tertiary procedures. Flap weight significantly influences patient-reported “physical wellbeing of the donor site.” Ninety-seven percent of patients would recommend the surgery to someone in a similar position and would do it all over.

Conclusion The lumbar artery perforator flap is a good alternative for breast reconstruction in selected patients. The donor site issues consist mainly of seromas, prolonged discomfort, and a scar that might be noticeable to others, but patient-reported satisfaction is very high.
Perforation Due to Biliary Stent: Case Report and Review
Authors: Tirelli Flavio , Mirco Paolo , Fransvea Pietro , Pepe Gilda , Tringali Andrea , Grezia Marta di , Lodoli Claudio , Cozza Valerio , Greca Antonio La , Sganga Gabriele
Published: August 2021

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopacreatography (ERCP) has a pivotal role for the management of various malignant and benign pancreatico-biliary disorders. Biliary stents migration is reported in 5 to 10% of the cases and can be responsible for bowel perforation. An 80-year-old Caucasian man was referred to our hospital for an attempt at endoscopic extraction of massive intrahepatic lithiasis; during ERCP, complete stone extraction in a single session was not achievable and three plastic biliary stents were inserted to promote stone size reduction and perform a delayed cholangioscopy-assisted lithotripsy. During the next 2 days, the patient developed worsening abdominal pain with no fever, nausea, and vomiting. An emergency computed tomography showed a duodenal perforation due to biliary stent migration. Upon laparotomy, a direct suture of the duodenal lesion was performed. The patient died 3 days later because of a multiorgan failure. ERCP-related complications may occur in 5 to 15% of the cases and biliary stent migration accounts for 5 to 10% of these cases; less than 1% of stents migration determines bowel perforation, most commonly in the duodenum. Stent-related bowel perforation can be clinically misleading and early diagnosis and treatment are sometimes challenging. Whether the duodenal perforation is intra- or retroperitoneal should be taken into account to choose the best therapeutic approach.
Agroforestry, Indigenous Tree Cover and Biodiversity Conservation: A Case Study of Mount Elgon in Uganda
Authors: Graham Stephen , Ihli Hanna Julia , Gassner Anja
Published: August 2021

Addressing interconnected social and environmental issues, including poverty, food security, climate change, and biodiversity loss, requires integrated solutions. Agroforestry is a sustainable land use approach with the potential to address multiple issues. This study examined the tree cultivation behavior of smallholder farmers in the Mt. Elgon region of Uganda. We examined the proportion of indigenous tree species added to or removed from agricultural land and the reasons for farmers’ decisions in this regard. We found that farmers overwhelmingly planted exotic species, limiting the possible benefits for the conservation of biodiversity from a suggested re-greening of the region. Indigenous trees were cultivated in low numbers and dominated by a handful of species. Opportunities to help farmers increase the number and variety of indigenous trees on their land were found among smaller-scale coffee farmers and in the protection of natural forests from which indigenous trees propagate into the wider landscape.
Perspective on single-emissive-layer white-LED based on perovskites
Authors: Xiang Hengyang , Chen Jiawei , Wang Run , Zeng Haibo
Published: August 2021

Perovskite emitters have attracted great attention in recent years owing to their excellent photoelectric performance with low-cost potential. Some very recent studies have revealed that perovskites not only have narrow emitting peak with high purity but also have multi-color or broad spectrum in entire visible light, even some single emissive layer-based white perovskite light-emitting diodes (SEL-WPeLEDs) have been confirmed, showing promise in lighting and display. In this Perspective, we summarized the issues and challenges faced by these perovskite-based SEL-WLEDs and proposed some feasible suggestions in improving their light-emitting performance, hoping to promote their applications in lighting and other optoelectronic devices.
A perspective on superconducting flux qubits
Authors: Dmitriev A. Yu. , Astafiev O. V.
Published: August 2021

Flux qubits are among the first qubits that were ever demonstrated. They have some advantages when compared to capacitively shunted charge qubits, which are now commonly used for building prototypes of quantum processors. Specifically, flux qubits are intrinsically nonlinear systems and they remain so even with low charging energies, which is important for the suppression of large charge noise in solids. In spite of the clear advantages of flux qubits, their applications in multi-qubit devices—prototypes of quantum computers and simulators—are still limited. Flux qubits are also a very powerful tool for fundamental research. In this paper, we discuss the basic properties of flux qubits using the radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device geometry—the most fundamental realization of flux qubits. We also compare and analyze experimental realizations of flux qubits and propose further directions for research.
Transient performance analysis of graphene FET gated via ionic solid by numerical simulations based on tight-binding method and Nernst–Planck–Poisson equations
Authors: Arihori Koki , Ogawa Matsuto , Souma Satofumi , Sato-Iwanaga Junko , Suzuki Masa-aki
Published: August 2021

We investigate the electrical transport characteristics of graphene channel field-effect transistors (FETs) gated via ionic solid (IS), where the conventional gate insulator, such as SiO2, has been replaced by solid electrolytes, such as LiP3O4. In this study, we focus on (i) the gate controllability of the current in comparison to conventional graphene FETs with SiO2 as an insulating material and (ii) the transient characteristics of the drain current and time required to switch on the current. We employ the tight-binding formalism and Boltzmann equation to calculate the electronic band structure and the electronic transport in graphene, while the Nernst–Planck–Poisson equations have been employed to calculate the time-dependent charge distribution in solid electrolytes and the resulting electric double layer formation at the graphene/IS and IS/gate interfaces. Our simulations have shown that graphene FET gated via IS shows superior gate controllability more than SiO2-gated graphene FET with the insulator thickness of 1 nm, and the saturated drain current is insensitive to the IS thickness. Moreover, the time required to switch on the drain current is proportional to the thickness of IS, and the limited number of Li+ ion vacancies in IS is preferable in obtaining faster switching than the case of unlimited vacancy cases while keeping the superior gate controllability.
Entangled two-photon absorption by atoms and molecules: A quantum optics tutorial
Authors: Raymer Michael G. , Landes Tiemo , Marcus Andrew H.
Published: August 2021

Two-photon absorption (TPA) and other nonlinear interactions of molecules with time–frequency-entangled photon pairs have been predicted to display a variety of fascinating effects. Therefore, their potential use in practical quantum-enhanced molecular spectroscopy requires close examination. This Tutorial presents a detailed theoretical study of one- and two-photon absorption by molecules, focusing on how to treat the quantum nature of light. We review some basic quantum optics theory and then we review the density-matrix (Liouville) derivation of molecular optical response, emphasizing how to incorporate quantum states of light into the treatment. For illustration, we treat in detail the TPA of photon pairs created by spontaneous parametric down conversion, with an emphasis on how quantum light TPA differs from that with classical light. In particular, we treat the question of how much enhancement of the TPA rate can be achieved using entangled states. This Tutorial includes a review of known theoretical methods and results as well as some extensions, especially the comparison of TPA processes that occur via far-off-resonant intermediate states only and those that involve off-resonant intermediate states by virtue of dephasing processes. A brief discussion of the main challenges facing experimental studies of entangled two-photon absorption is also given.
Self-similar Reynolds-averaged mechanical–scalar turbulence models for Rayleigh–Taylor, Richtmyer–Meshkov, and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability-induced mixing in the small Atwood number limit
Authors: Schilling Oleg
Published: August 2021

Analytical self-similar solutions to two-, three-, and four-equation Reynolds-averaged mechanical–scalar turbulence models describing incompressible turbulent Rayleigh–Taylor, Richtmyer–Meshkov, and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability-induced mixing in planar geometry are derived in the small Atwood number (Boussinesq) limit. The models are based on the turbulent kinetic energy K and its dissipation rate ε, together with the scalar (heavy-fluid mass fraction) variance S and its dissipation rate χ modeled either differentially or algebraically. The models allow for a simultaneous description of mechanical and scalar mixing, i.e., mixing layer growth and molecular mixing, respectively. Mixing layer growth parameters and other physical observables relevant to each instability are obtained explicitly as functions of the model coefficients. The turbulent fields are also expressed in terms of the model coefficients, with their temporal power-law scalings obtained by requiring that the self-similar equations are explicitly time-independent. The model calibration methodology is described and discussed. Expressions for a subset of the various physical observables are used to calibrate each of the two-, three-, and four-equation models, such that the self-similar solutions are consistent with experimental and numerical simulation data corresponding to these values of the observables and to specific canonical Rayleigh–Taylor, Richtmyer–Meshkov, and Kelvin–Helmholtz turbulent flows. A calibrated four-equation model is then used to reconstruct the mean and turbulent fields, and late-time turbulent equation budgets for each instability-induced flow across the mixing layer. The reference solutions derived here can provide systematic calibrations and better understanding of mechanical–scalar turbulence models and their predictions for instability-induced turbulent mixing in the very large Reynolds number limit.
Reverse flow phenomenon in duct corners at a low Reynolds number
Authors: Zaripov Dinar , Ivashchenko Vladislav , Mullyadzhanov Rustam , Li Renfu , Markovich Dmitriy , Kähler Christian J.
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the near-wall reverse flow (NWRF) phenomenon taking place in wall-bounded turbulent flows has become the subject of comprehensive theoretical and experimental study. Currently, it is generally accepted that the NWRF events are caused by strong near-wall vortical structures located in the buffer region of the boundary layer, which are either quasi-streamwise vortices tilted with respect to a mean flow direction or transversely oriented hairpin-like vortices. In the present investigations, we demonstrate that there is at least one more mechanism that differs from the existing ones. Considering a fully developed turbulent duct flow studied by direct numerical simulations at a relatively low Reynolds number Reτ = 204, we found the presence of the NWRF events in the corner regions. The frequency of their appearance is three orders of magnitude higher than those appearing in the central area of the wall, and their lifetime is about three times longer. The mechanism of their formation is found to be associated with streamwisely oriented vortical structures located near the corner.
Direct observation of topological charge impacting skyrmion bubble stability in Pt/Ni/Co asymmetric superlattices
Authors: Pandey Nisrit , Li Maxwell , De Graef Marc , Sokalski Vincent
Published: August 2021

We characterize the magnetic properties and domain structure of Pt/Ni/Co asymmetric superlattices in comparison to the more established Pt/Co/Ni structure. This reversal in stacking sequence leads to a marked drop in interfacial magnetic anisotropy and the magnitude of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction as inferred from the domain wall (DW) structure, which we speculate could be related to a degradation of the Pt/Co interface when Pt is deposited on top of the Co layer. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy exclusively reveals Néel-type DWs and, with a perpendicular field, Néel skyrmions in the Pt/Co/Ni films. Conversely, the Pt/Ni/Co samples show only achiral Bloch DWs, which leads to the formation of achiral Bloch and type II bubbles at an increased perpendicular field. Combined with the reduced anisotropy leading to greater bubble densities, the latter case makes for an excellent test bed to examine the benefits of topological charge on stability. Simultaneous observation of Bloch and type II bubbles shows a roughly 50 mT larger annihilation field for the former. An in-plane component to the magnetic field is shown to both impact the structure of the formed bubbles and separately suppress the topological benefit.
Control of electron and electron–hole pair dynamics on nonlinear lattice bilayers by strong solitons
Authors: Chetverikov A. P. , Ebeling W. , Schöll E. , Velarde M. G.
Published: August 2021

We consider the dynamics of electrons and holes moving in two-dimensional lattice layers and bilayers. As an example, we study triangular lattices with units interacting via anharmonic Morse potentials and investigate the dynamics of excess electrons and electron–hole pairs according to the Schrödinger equation in the tight binding approximation. We show that when single-site lattice solitons or M-solitons are excited in one of the layers, those lattice deformations are capable of trapping excess electrons or electron–hole pairs, thus forming quasiparticle compounds moving approximately with the velocity of the solitons. We study the temporal and spatial nonlinear dynamical evolution of localized excitations on coupled triangular double layers. Furthermore, we find that the motion of electrons or electron–hole pairs on a bilayer is slaved by solitons. By case studies of the dynamics of charges bound to solitons, we demonstrate that the slaving effect may be exploited for controlling the motion of the electrons and holes in lattice layers, including also bosonic electron–hole–soliton compounds in lattice bilayers, which represent a novel form of quasiparticles.
Glass for 5G applications
Authors: Cai Ling , Wu Jingshi , Lamberson Lisa , Streltsova Elena , Daly Colin , Zakharian Aramais , Borrelli Nicholas F.
Published: August 2021

The present drive for higher bandwidth has moved the mobile carrier frequency range to >5 GHz and possibly to >20 GHz in the near future. This has fueled the rapid development of 5 G and mm-wave technologies. The increased bandwidths available in the mm-wave frequency range allow for applications that require high-data-rate communications, which is not possible at lower frequencies due to Shannon's Capacity Theorem. However, the mm-wave frequency also presents a challenge to device performance due to the limitation on material properties. Many incumbent materials, such as silicon, ceramic, and polymer based substrates, suffer from high dielectric loss, rough surface, or poor durability to process chemistry. Silicate glass, on the other hand, has been shown to exhibit low dielectric loss, smooth surface, and high resistance to process chemistry. In addition, modern manufacturing technology has enabled silicate glass to be made with large size and thin form factor, which provides a clear advantage to lowering the cost. While many attributes of glass may be already familiar to the general scientific community, dielectric properties in the mm-wave frequency range have not been extensively reviewed. In this report, we show that mm-wave dielectric property can be changed by glass composition and post-forming processes. We also show examples of mm-wave devices that can be made with glass.
Thermal self-synchronization of nano-objects
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Guo Yangyu , Bescond Marc , Chen Jie , Nomura Masahiro , Volz Sebastian
Published: August 2021

Self-synchronization is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, in which oscillators are collectively locked in frequency and phase through mutual interactions. While self-synchronization requires the forced excitation of at least one of the oscillators, we demonstrate that this mechanism spontaneously appears due to activation from thermal fluctuations. By performing molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate self-synchronization in a platform supporting doped silicon resonator nanopillars having different eigenfrequencies. We find that pillar’s vibrations are spontaneously converging to the same frequency and phase. In addition, the dependencies on the intrinsic frequency difference and the coupling strength agree well with the Kuramoto model predictions. More interestingly, we find that a balance between energy dissipation resulting from phonon–phonon scattering and potential energy between oscillators is reached to maintain synchronization. The balance could be suppressed by increasing the membrane size. While microscopic stochastic motions are known to follow random probability distributions, we finally prove that they can also yield coherent collective motions via self-synchronization.
Diffeomorphical equivalence vs topological equivalence among Sprott systems
Authors: Mendes Eduardo M. A. M. , Lainscsek Claudia , Letellier Christophe
Published: August 2021

In 1994, Sprott [Phys. Rev. E 50, 647–650 (1994)] proposed a set of 19 different simple dynamical systems producing chaotic attractors. Among them, 14 systems have a single nonlinear term. To the best of our knowledge, their diffeomorphical equivalence and the topological equivalence of their chaotic attractors were never systematically investigated. This is the aim of this paper. We here propose to check their diffeomorphical equivalence through the jerk functions, which are obtained when the system is rewritten in terms of one of the variables and its first two derivatives (two systems are thus diffeomorphically equivalent when they have exactly the same jerk function, that is, the same functional form and the same coefficients). The chaotic attractors produced by these systems—for parameter values close to the ones initially proposed by Sprott—are characterized by a branched manifold. Systems B and C produce chaotic attractors, which are observed in the Lorenz system and are also briefly discussed. Those systems are classified according to their diffeomorphical and topological equivalence.
Modification of Ti-doped hematite nanowires with a NiOx buffer layer for improved photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Chen Yubin , Lv Fei , Xia Hongyu , Xu Xiaoya , Su Jinzhan , Shen Shaohua
Published: August 2021

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting due to its appropriate bandgap, good stability, and earth-abundance. However, the poor charge transfer property and sluggish kinetics of water oxidation limit the PEC performance of α-Fe2O3 photoanodes. Herein, a thin NiOx buffer layer was introduced between the Ti doped α-Fe2O3 (Fe2O3-Ti) layer and the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate without affecting the nanowire morphology and light absorption property of Fe2O3-Ti. This buffer layer can apparently suppress the charge recombination by mitigating the lattice mismatching between the Fe2O3-Ti film and the FTO substrate. In addition, the good conductivity of the NiOx film from the non-stoichiometric composition is also beneficial to the charge transfer. As a consequence, the photocurrent density was greatly improved by adding the NiOx layer in the Fe2O3-Ti photoanode, reaching 1.32 mA·cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE without any co-catalyst and sacrificial agent. This work gives a detailed analysis of the back contact in the hematite-based photoanode and provides an effective strategy for underlayer interface optimization.
Role of asymmetric critical current on magnetization loss characteristics of (RE)Ba2Cu3O7−d coated conductors at various temperatures
Authors: Sun Yueming , Fang Jin , Pantoja Andres E. , Badcock Rodney A. , Long Nicholas J. , Jiang Zhenan
Published: August 2021

Commercial high-Tc superconducting (HTS) coated conductors exhibit asymmetric Ic(B,θ) characteristics, where B presents a DC magnetic field and θ is defined as the angle between an applied magnetic field and the normal component of the superconductor plane. The asymmetric Ic(B,θ) characteristics have a non-trivial influence on the dominant loss component, magnetization loss, of various HTS applications where HTS conductors are exposed to an AC magnetic field. Here, we present measurements of Ic(B,θ) and magnetization loss in a 12 mm-wide (Rare Earth)Ba2Cu3O7−d (REBCO) commercial coated conductor at 77, 70, and 65 K. In the Ic(B,θ) measurement, θ was varied around a full 360° revolution and B was varied up to 0.2 T. In terms of the magnetization loss measurement, the applied AC magnetic field amplitude is up to 110 mT and the field angle varied from 0° to 180°. At the three given temperatures, we observed magnetization loss variations among the field-angle range, in particular, for θ and 180°-θ, which are in mirror symmetry relative to the superconducting plane. Furthermore, this asymmetric field-angle dependence of the magnetization loss becomes more apparent at higher applied field amplitudes and lower operating temperatures. A finite element method simulation using H-formulation was carried out by directly interpolating the measured Ic(B,θ) data, and the simulation results reproduce the trend of the experimental results. We also found that the magnetization loss is not equivalent within the positive and negative half field cycles due to the asymmetric Ic(B,θ) characteristics of the conductor. Numerical simulations revealed a clear correlation between the magnetization loss and the asymmetric Ic(B,θ) data for the whole 360° field-angle range in the REBCO conductor. The asymmetry in the Ic(B,θ) data about the ab-peak causes differences in magnetization loss values for the mirror-symmetric field angles. The asymmetry in the Ic(B,θ) data upon field reversal also results in differences between magnetization loss values for the positive and negative cycles.
Topological methods for analysis and design of coordination polymers
Authors: Alexandrov E. V. , Shevchenko A. P. , Nekrasova N. A. , Blatov V. A.
Published: August 2021

A comprehensive review of the methods for topological analysis of crystalline compounds as applied to the structures of coordination polymers is presented for the first time. The basic concepts of reticular chemistry, a new branch of science, which combines methods of synthetic chemistry with methods for topological design of polymer compounds, are considered. Reticular chemistry methods are illustrated with examples of the analysis and design of coordination polymers. The most complete classification of coordination polymers, which are similar in terms of various compositional and topological parameters, is given. This review describes and integrates information on the topological analysis tools, such as computer software and electronic databases. A special attention is paid to the application of topological methods in the machine analysis and the prediction of structures and properties of coordination polymers, in particular to the establishment of chemical composition–structure–property relationships and the development of knowledge bases and artificial intelligence systems. A procedure for the search for the general crystal-chemical features using automatic heuristic analysis of large sets of structural data is discussed. It is shown how this analysis can be used to determine the limits of applicability of reticular chemistry and the possibility of its extension to coordination polymers containing structurally, chemically and topologically complex building units with high conformational flexibility. Approaches of reticular chemistry are considered in detail in relation to the design of proton-conductive coordination polymers, which have received considerable attention in the past decade. The specific features of the topological structures of this class of compounds are described in a systematic way. The relationships between the chemical composition, structure and conductive properties of these compounds and the applicability of targeted design are discussed.
 The bibliography includes 303 references.
Queensland’s multi-year Wet and Dry periods: implications for grazing enterprises and pasture resources
Authors: McKeon G. , Stone G. , Ahrens D. , Carter J. , Cobon D. , Irvine S. , Syktus J.
Published: August 2021

Year-to-year variability in rainfall has long been recognised as a major issue in managing livestock enterprises across Australia’s grazing lands. Extension products documenting rainfall variability have been developed over the last 30 years and have been keenly sought by producers and their advisors. This paper describes multi-year rainfall variability from 1889 to 2020 and provides the basis for classifying the 131 years of rainfall into 18 discrete Wet (7), Average (2) and Dry (9) periods as presented in the ‘Queensland’s Extended Wet and Dry Periods’ poster. The classification was consistent with: analysis of fluctuations and trends in the long-term time series of reported livestock numbers; drought declarations for government assistance; and documented periods of pasture resource degradation and recovery. Rainfall during the nine Wet and Average periods was +18% above the long-term average annual rainfall (LTAAR), in contrast to the Dry periods with −17% below LTAAR. Wet periods (including Average) were on average 7 years in duration, ranging from 5 to 9 years. Dry periods were on average 8 years in duration and ranged from 5 to 13 years. Detailed analysis of the effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon indicated that: (a) the Wet/Dry periods were dominated by different frequencies and amounts of rainfall in La Niña/El Niño years; (b) rainfall in ENSO neutral years was generally above and below average rainfall for the Wet or Dry periods respectively; (c) the frequency of ENSO year-types was less important than the overall rainfall surplus (or deficit) in La Niña (or El Niño) years within the Wet (or Dry) periods respectively; and (d) the timing of Wet and Dry periods was correlated with indices of quasi-decadal and inter-decadal variability in components (sea surface temperatures and atmospheric pressures) of the global climate system. Climatic risk assessment systems for grazing management at multi-year timescales are yet to be developed.
Hearing sensitivity: An underlying mechanism for niche differentiation in gleaning bats
Authors: Geipel Inga , Lattenkamp Ella Z. , Dixon M. May , Wiegrebe Lutz , Page Rachel A.
Published: August 2021

Significance

While numerous studies have focused on the ecological factors allowing for niche differentiation and thus species coexistence, the role of differentiation in species’ sensory abilities has received less attention. We measured auditory brainstem responses from 12 bat species that make their living gleaning prey off surfaces in the rainforest understory. In the lower-frequency ranges, auditory sensitivity reflected the foraging demands of each species, many of which find prey by attending to prey-produced noises such as prey mating calls and prey locomotion sounds. Our results suggest that interspecific differences in hearing abilities and thus the differential ability to hear prey-produced sounds could be an important mechanism contributing to niche differentiation.
Pericentromeric noncoding RNA changes DNA binding of CTCF and inflammatory gene expression in senescence and cancer
Authors: Miyata Kenichi , Imai Yoshinori , Hori Satoshi , Nishio Mika , Loo Tze Mun , Okada Ryo , Yang Liying , Nakadai Tomoyoshi , Maruyama Reo , Fujii Risa , Ueda Koji , Jiang Li , Zheng Hao , Toyokuni Shinya , Sakata Toyonori , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Kojima Ryosuke , Nakayama Mizuho , Oshima Masanobu , Nagayama Satoshi , Seimiya Hiroyuki , Hirota Toru , Saya Hideyuki , Hara Eiji , Takahashi Akiko
Published: August 2021

Significance

During the aging process, senescent cells secrete inflammatory factors, causing various age-related pathologies. Thus, controlling the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can tremendously benefit human health. Although SASP seems to be induced by the alteration of chromosomal organization, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, it has been revealed that noncoding RNA (ncRNA) transcribed from pericentromeric repetitive elements impairs the DNA binding of CCCTC-binding factor, resulting in the alteration of chromosomal accessibility and the activation of SASP-like inflammatory genes. Notably, the ncRNA was transferred into surrounding cells via small extracellular vesicles, acting as a tumorigenic SASP factor. Our study highlights a novel mechanism regulating chromatin interaction and inflammatory gene expression in senescence and cancer.
Intensity and frequency of extreme novel epidemics
Authors: Marani Marco , Katul Gabriel G. , Pan William K. , Parolari Anthony J.
Published: August 2021

Observational knowledge of the epidemic intensity, defined as the number of deaths divided by global population and epidemic duration, and of the rate of emergence of infectious disease outbreaks is necessary to test theory and models and to inform public health risk assessment by quantifying the probability of extreme pandemics such as COVID-19. Despite its significance, assembling and analyzing a comprehensive global historical record spanning a variety of diseases remains an unexplored task. A global dataset of historical epidemics from 1600 to present is here compiled and examined using novel statistical methods to estimate the yearly probability of occurrence of extreme epidemics. Historical observations covering four orders of magnitude of epidemic intensity follow a common probability distribution with a slowly decaying power-law tail (generalized Pareto distribution, asymptotic exponent = −0.71). The yearly number of epidemics varies ninefold and shows systematic trends. Yearly occurrence probabilities of extreme epidemics, P
y
, vary widely: P
y
of an event with the intensity of the “Spanish influenza” (1918 to 1920) varies between 0.11 and 0.89% from 1600 to present, while its mean recurrence time today is 879 y (95% CI: 730 to 1081 y). The slow decay of probability with epidemic intensity implies that extreme epidemics are relatively likely, a property previously undetected due to short observational records and stationary analysis methods. Using recent estimates of the rate of increase in disease emergence from zoonotic reservoirs associated with environmental change, we estimate that the yearly probability of occurrence of extreme epidemics can increase up to threefold in the coming decades.
Unnuclear physics: Conformal symmetry in nuclear reactions
Authors: Hammer Hans-Werner , Son Dam Thanh
Published: August 2021

Significance

Symmetry plays a key role in modern physics as a guiding principle for fundamental theories of nature. We use the nonrelativistic conformal symmetry to predict universal energy spectra of final states in reactions of quantum particles at vastly different length scales. Our work extends Georgi’s “unparticle” proposal to nonrelativistic spin-1/2 fermions in the unitary regime of strong interactions. These systems form so-called unparticles, which behave characteristically different from normal particles. They can be engineered with ultracold atoms and occur naturally in nuclear reactions with multiple neutrons—a situation we dub “unnuclear physics.” We present the general scenario of unnuclear physics, apply it to identify unnuclei in nuclear reactions, and highlight the opportunity to measure unnuclei at radioactive beam facilities.