bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İki Farklı Döner Eğe Sisteminin Daimi Mandibuler Molar Dişlerde Preparasyon Etkinliklerinin Kantitatif Olarak Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Eren İrem , Sezer Berkant
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Daimi dişlerde, kanal tedavisi preparasyon aşamasında farklı döner eğe sistemlerinin kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Preparasyon sonrası, kalan dentin miktarı tedavinin prognozu açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, resiprokasyon hareketiyle çalışan WaveOne Gold ve rotasyon hareketiyle çalışan TruNatomy eğe sistemlerinin mandibuler molar dişlerin kök-kanal tedavisinde kullanımından sonra kalan dentin ağırlığını ve preparasyon etkinliğini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırma çeşitli nedenlerle çekimi endike olan 30 adet daimi mandibuler molar diş üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öncelikle dişlere giriş kaviteleri açılmış ve preparasyon öncesi tüm dişlerin, virgülden sonra 5 basamak gösterebilen hassas terazi ile ağırlıkları kaydedilmiştir. Her gruptaki (n=15) kök kanalları, WaveOne Gold ve TruNatomy eğe sistemleri ile prepare edilmiştir. Preparasyon sonrası tüm dişlerin ağırlıkları yeniden ölçülmüş ve kaydedilmiştir.
Bulgular: Her iki grupta preparasyon öncesi ve preparasyon sonrası ortalama ağırlıklar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür. Gruplar arasında ortalama ağırlıklardaki azalma miktarları karşılaştırıldığında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde WaveOne Gold grubundaki ortalama ağırlık azalma miktarının TruNatomy grubuna göre daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur (p < 0,05).
Sonuç: Bu sonuç WaveOne Gold döner eğe sisteminin TruNatomy döner eğe sistemine göre daha fazla miktarda dentin ve pulpa dokusu uzaklaştırabildiğini göstermektedir.
Impact of Sample Type on D-Dimer Screening
Authors:   Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Faculty Health Science, University Muhammadiyah of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia, Maulidyanti Ellies Tunjung Sari , Purwaningsih Nur Vita ,   Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Faculty Health Science, University Muhammadiyah of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia, Ainutajriani Ainutajriani ,   Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Faculty Health Science, University Muhammadiyah of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia, Widyastuti Rahma ,   Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Faculty Health Science, University Muhammadiyah of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

Background: The quality of laboratory test results depends on various factors, including sample type selection. Blood samples, such as whole blood, plasma and serum are commonly used for most clinical laboratory examinations. D-dimer parameters are frequently analysed in haematology laboratories and serve as biomarkers for coagulation activation and fibrinolysis. This study aimed to assess the impact of using different sample types on the quality of D-dimer test results. Method: An observational analytical method was used. D-dimer examination was performed using the fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay method. The study sample consisted of 26 participants aged between 18 years old and 22 years old who had no blood disorders. Whole blood and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma samples were used for the examination of D-dimer levels. Results: D-dimer levels in 26 participants using whole blood samples had a mean value of 0.23 mg/L (230 ng/mL), while plasma samples yielded a mean value of 0.14 mg/L (140 ng/mL). D-dimer levels obtained from whole blood samples were higher than plasma samples but remained within the normal range of 0 mg/L–0.5 mg/L (0 ng/mL–500 ng/mL). Conclusion: The results showed that whole blood samples were more practical than plasma samples. Nevertheless, plasma samples gave results within the normal range of D-dimer values.
Impact of Education and Experience on Radiographers’ Ability to Diagnose Acute Appendicitis: A Survey in Private Malaysian Hospitals
Authors:   Department of Medical Imaging, KPJ Healthcare University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Dinesh M. L. , Mohd Mohd Imran ,   Department of Medical Imaging, KPJ Healthcare University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Shasindrau B. R. ,   Department of Medical Imaging, KPJ Healthcare University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Jeyaraman Daniel ,   Department of Medical Imaging, KPJ Healthcare University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

Background: Acute appendicitis is a global surgical emergency. Radiographic modalities usually identify acute appendicitis, although radiographers’ competence is questionable. This study examines how clinical radiographers’ education and experience affect their ability to identify acute appendicitis using computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (USG) characteristics. The study also aimed to determine which variable strongly influences their knowledge level. Methods: The study surveyed radiographers with a four-part self-administered questionnaire containing demographic information and eight knowledge-based questions about the appearance of acute appendicitis in MRI, CT and USG, separately. Before distribution, the questionnaire was validated and checked the reliability. Results: Clinical radiographers’ knowledge about using MRI to diagnose acute appendicitis was strongly affected by education and experience (η2 = 0.13 and 0.14; P < 0.05), with bachelor’s degree holders scoring higher regardless of experience. Radiographers with more than 5 years of experience knew more about CT and USG features to identify acute appendicitis (η2 = 0.40 and 0.27; P < 0.05). Radiographers with a bachelor’s degree and greater experience had higher overall knowledge of MRI, CT and USG to diagnose acute appendicitis (η2 = 0.51 and 0.11; P < 0.05). With adjusted R2 = 54% (F [2, 44] = 27.94; P < 0.001), education and experience highly predicted the overall knowledge level. Conclusion: The study found gaps in radiographers’ knowledge of the radiographic appearance of acute appendicitis. Clinical radiographers’ education level and years of experience substantially affect their knowledge level. In addition, experience is a good predictor than education level for overall knowledge level. Therefore, the study emphasises the importance of continuing education and training for radiographers to diagnose acute appendicitis quickly and accurately.
Development and Validation of USM-Insulin Adherence Module for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Zainudin Aida Maziha ,   Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ghulam Rasool Aida Hanum ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mat Nor Mohd Zarawi ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Hassan Norul Badriah ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Muhamad Rosediani ,   Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Wan Mohamed Wan Mohd Izani ,   Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

Background: Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not achieve the desired glycaemic control despite being treated with insulin. Studies found this due to an improper understanding of insulin function, its intensification process and patients’ negative perspective on insulin. We developed an education module to enhance adherence to insulin therapy. Methods: This study applied a mixed design. It was conducted in three phases: i) Phase I: literature search and focus group discussions (FGDs), ii) Phase II: module development and iii) Phase III: content and face validation of Universiti Sains Malaysia-Insulin Adherence Module (USM-IAM). FGDs were used to gather patients’ opinions. All researchers repeatedly discussed about the module content and arrangement, the words and images used, and the grammar in producing the final draft. Specialists and target audience performed content and face validation of the module. Results: Thirty-six participants were involved in the FGDs. Data saturation was achieved at the 4th FGD. Three themes emerged from qualitative data analysis and were incorporated into the module. USM-IAM was finalised with five units. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.92, while face validity agreements were between 86% and 97%. Conclusion: The CVI and face agreement for USM-IAM exceed the cut-off point for a sound module. It has good potential to be used as a resource for educating patients in enhancing insulin adherence.
Spin-$s$ rational $Q$-system
Authors: Hou Jue , Jiang Yunfeng , Zhu Rui-Dong
Published: April 2024

Bethe Ansatz equations for spin-s Heisenberg spin chain with s≥1 are significantly more difficult to analyze than the spin-1/2 case, due to the presence of repeated roots. As a result, it is challenging to derive extra conditions for the Bethe roots to be physical and study the related completeness problem. In this paper, we propose the rational Q-system for the XXX_ss spin chain. Solutions of the proposed Q-system give all and only physical solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations required by completeness. This is checked numerically and proved rigorously. The rational Q-system is equivalent to the requirement that the solution and the corresponding dual solution of the TQ-relation are both polynomials, which we prove rigorously. Based on this analysis, we propose the extra conditions for solutions of the XXX_ss Bethe Ansatz equations to be physical.
Integrable deformations of superintegrable quantum circuits
Authors: Gombor Tamás , Pozsgay Balázs
Published: April 2024

Superintegrable models are very special dynamical systems: they possess more conservation laws than what is necessary for integrability. This severely constrains their dynamical processes, and it often leads to their exact solvability, even in non-equilibrium situations. In this paper we consider special Hamiltonian deformations of superintegrable quantum circuits. The deformations break superintegrability, but they preserve integrability. We focus on a selection of concrete models and show that for each model there is an (at least) one parameter family of integrable deformations. Our most interesting example is the so-called Rule54 model. We show that the model is compatible with a one parameter family of Yang-Baxter integrable spin chains with six-site interaction. Therefore, the Rule54 model does not have a unique integrability structure, instead it lies at the intersection of a family of quantum integrable models.
Dynamics of Indonesian stock market interconnection: Insights from selected ASEAN countries and global players during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Anhar Muhammad , Maronrong Ridwan , Burda Agustian , Ode Sumail La
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the evolving dynamics of the Indonesian stock market in relation to selected ASEAN countries (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines) and global economic players (the US, Japan, and China) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing weekly data for the pandemic era (January 2020 – December 2021) and the post-pandemic period (January 2022 – December 2023), the ARDL technique reveals intricate relationships among these capital markets. Long-term analyses indicate that Singapore and the Philippines positively influenced Indonesia’s market during the pandemic. At the same time, China had a negative impact, highlighting heightened sensitivity and interconnectedness during crises. Since the pandemic, Malaysia, Singapore, the US, China, and Japan emerged as key positive influencers, with other countries showing insignificance. In the short term, during the pandemic, Malaysia, Thailand, and China had a significant positive impact on Indonesia’s capital market. However, only Malaysia continued to exert a significant influence on Indonesia after the pandemic. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamic interactions shaping Indonesia’s stock market performance amidst global economic fluctuations and crises.
The Truth(s) of Western Civilization in Julian Barnes’ A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters
Authors: Tuğlu Atamer Begüm
Published: April 2024

A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters (1989) promises a history of the world, however, it only provides its readers with subjective perceptions of various Western characters. Barnes’ collection of vaguely connected stories depicts the world as a hegemonic Western space in which the Western definition of universal truth is used as a tool of cultural imperialism. The connections between the stories might seem oblique but meticulously structured patriarchal, religious, and artistic elements seem to expose the multiplicity of the definition of truth while simultaneously revealing how truth is used as a tool to create a specific and an exclusive understanding of civilization that is reserved for the West. This study explores how gender relations, religion, art, and perceptions towards cultures outside the Western civilization are narrated in A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters to reveal how Barnes reinstalls the very dynamics of the Western civilization he aims to deconstruct. The study starts with an exploration of the truths that are narrated in Barnes’ novel in order to demonstrate how Barnes attempts to deconstruct the fundamental values of civilization in his work through his stories offered from subjective points of view that are exclusively Western. The second part of the study defines the main ideals of the Western civilization and correlates these ideals with Barnes’ narrative which offers a seemingly deconstructive discourse while simultaneously reinstating hegemonic undertones. The third part of the study focuses on how Barnes reinstalls a fundamentally exclusive Western understanding of patriarchy, religion and art through his stories.
Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması’nı İmzalayan Ahmed Resmi Efendi ve Eserleri
Authors: Korkmaz Telli
Published: April 2024

Osmanlı Devleti tarihinde yenileşme hareketlerinin başladığı dönem olarak değerlendirilen XVIII. yüzyıl, aynı zamanda bu muhteşem imparatorluğu çöküşe götüren nedenleri de içinde barındırmaktadır. Bu dönem Rusya tarihi bakımından da önem arz etmektedir. Nitekim Rusya bu yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti ile yaptığı Küçük Kaynarca (1774) Antlaşması’ndan sonra güçlü bir devlet olarak tarih sahnesine çıkmıştır. 1768-1774 Türk-Rus Savaşı’na son veren bu antlaşmaya Osmanlı Devleti tarafından divan görevlisi, murahhas Ahmed Resmi Efendi imza atmıştır. Daha önce Viyana ve Prusya sefaretlerinde bulunan Ahmed Resmi Efendi Türk-Rus savaşı başladığı zaman cepheye gönderilmiştir. Cephede çeşitli görevler icra etmesinin yanı sıra savaşı ve Osmanlı dünyasını tenkidi ve tahlili bir dille anlattığı Hülasatü’l-İtibar eserini yazmıştır. Osmanlı-Rus ilişkilerinin anlatıldığı bu çalışmada Osmanlı devlet adamı Ahmed Resmi Efendi ve eserleri incelenmiştir. O, Osmanlı diplomasisinde ve yenileşme tarihinde öne çıkan şahsiyetlerden biridir. Ayrıca Osmanlı-Rus savaşının neredeyse tamamında cephede bulunmuştur. Çalışmada özellikle Ahmed Resmi Efendi’nin, cephede şahit olduğu olayları anlatmak için savaş sonrasında kaleme aldığı Hülasatü’l-İtibar eseri, Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Geç Dönem Çağatay Türkçesi Çalışmalarına Katkılar: Abdî ve Ferahü’l-Kalb Adlı Eseri
Authors: Bakirci Fatih , Türkeli Dilara
Published: April 2024

Bu makalede geç dönem Çağatay edebiyatının şair ve yazarlarından Abdî ve onun 160 yıl önce yazmış olduğu Ferahü’l-Kalb (1280/1863-64) adlı eseri konu edilmiştir. Öncelikle Çağatay Türkçesiyle kaleme alınan bu eserin müellifi Abdî’nin hayatı, edebî kişiliği, eserleri ve yazma nüshaları üzerinde etraflıca durularak geç dönem Çağatay edebiyatı çalışmalarına katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. İkinci olarak da Abdî’nin Ferahü’l-Kalb’indeki belli başlı filolojik hususiyetler fonetik, morfolojik ve leksik açıdan tasnif edilmek suretiyle ele alınmıştır. Böylelikle yine geç dönem Çağatay Türkçesi üzerine yapılacak gramer araştırmalarına yeni dilsel malzemeler sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsam ve amaç doğrultusunda söz konusu eserin Sankt Peterburg Rusya Bilimler Akademisi Doğu Yazmaları Enstitüsü B1015 (846a) numarada kayıtlı olan Arap harfli yazma nüshası temin edilmiş ve üzerine araştırma ve incelemeler yapılmıştır. Dinî-tasavvufi bir içeriğe sahip olan ve tasavvufi kavramların başarılı bir şekilde kullanıldığı Ferahü’l-Kalb, bu yönüyle Orta Asya İslami Türk yazı dilleriyle dinî-mistik içerikli eser yazma geleneğinin de devamı niteliğindedir. Dolayısıyla bu gelenek içinde eserin yazıldığı tarihî Doğu Türkistan coğrafyasında dönemin ve bölgenin düşünce tarihi üzerine yapılacak olan çalışmalara da katkı sağlanmış olacaktır.
EMERGING TRENDS OF ORGANIC ELECTROSYNTHESIS IN BRAZIL
Authors: Martins Guilherme , de Oliveira Kleber
Published: April 2024

This review provides an overview of the recent progress in organic electrosynthesis in Brazil, ranging from 2013 to 2023. By highlighting the principles, applications, and limitations of various electrosynthetic methodologies, this article aims to contribute to the understanding of basic principles and stimulate research in this field in Brazil. Moreover, the limitations and challenges associated with organic electrosynthesis are covered. Factors such as electrode material selection, solvent effects, and reaction optimization are discussed, highlighting the need for further research and development to overcome these obstacles. Finally, future prospects are outlined.
TRANSPORTE MEDIADO POR COLOIDES E O SEU EFEITO NA DINÂMICA DOS POLUENTES NO SOLO
Authors: Cicilinski Alana , Melo Vander , Peralta-Zamora Patricio
Published: April 2024

COLLOID-MEDIATED TRANSPORT AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE DYNAMICS OF SOIL POLLUTANTS. Assessing the dynamics of pollutants in the environment is a very complex challenge, primarily because of the large number of variables involved. Thus, in addition to processes that depend on the physicochemical properties of the pollutant and the main characteristics of the contaminated environment, there are less obvious phenomena that also influence the dynamics of pollutants, such as colloid-mediated transport. The objective of this work is to elucidate the main characteristics of this process and its influence on the transport of pollutants through the soil, taking glyphosate as an example. Although this pollutant is strongly retained by soil components, its presence in groundwater is quite frequent, often due to this facilitated transport by colloids.
A CNN-BiLSTM algorithm for Weibo emotion classification with attention mechanism
Authors: Feng Xinyue , Angkawisittpan Niwat , Yang Xiaoqing
Published: April 2024

Weibo short text information contains a large amount of network language, emoticons, etc., and due to the long-time span of the content, the emotions of the posts posted by people often change due to time or the occurrence of certain special events. Therefore, traditional sentiment analysis methods are not suitable for this task. This article proposes a CNNs-Bi LSTM sentiment analysis method that integrates attention mechanism. It combines convolutional neural networks and bidirectional short-term memory networks to obtain keyword information in text through attention mechanism, efficiently and accurately realizing data temporal and semantic information mining. Through experimental verification using Weibo public opinion data, the results show that this method achieves higher accuracy compared to other benchmark models and can fully utilize multidimensional matrices to capture rich text features, with certain advantages.
The problem of stigmatization of mental disorders in Russia
Authors: Pyzhova Olesya Vladimirovna , Chasovskikh Elizaveta Evgenievna
Published: April 2024

The problem of discrimination of mentally ill people, its causes and consequences are analyzed in the article. The stereotypes about mentally ill people and various problems they face in the modern world are in the center of the author’s attention. As a result of the study it was revealed that due to low awareness, as well as under the influence of social moralism, culture, media and films, society has developed negative stereotypes about people with mental disorders
To the origins of historical phraseography: Stable сompound сomplexes in “Materials for the dictionary of the Old Russian language” by I. I. Sreznevsky
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Generalova Elena V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the scientific heritage of I. I. Sreznevsky in connection with actively developing now historical phraseology and historical phraseography, the urgent problem of which is creation of the phraseological dictionaries of the language of pre-national period. The purpose of the paper is to study the retrospective of Russian and Slavonic historical phraseography, so it deals with the systematical and full research of stable compound complexes that have become the subject of description in Sreznevsky’s “Materials for the Dictionary of Old Russian language”, techniques and methods of their lexicographic interpretation, as well as the theoretical position of Sreznevsky as a lexicographer and one of founders of Russian phraseology. It is concluded that in the history of lexicography a bright representative of Petersburg Philological school Sreznevsky not only created the first historical dictionary of Old Russian texts, but also put the base of historical phraseography, since his dictionary is the first experience of describing the diachronic state of phraseology. The study of stable complexes presented in Sreznevsky’s dictionary, fulfiled with methods of phraseological identification, component, grammatical and lexicographic definitions analysis within general historical and systematic approaches, showed variety of linguistic material: idiomatics, traditional formulas, equivalents of Greek words, stable prepositional combinations, complex terms and names, compound proper names, proverbial expressions. Their interpretation outlines principles of lexicographic description of stable combinations in a historic dictionary and identifies important controversial issues (phraseology selection and explanation, the combination of linguistic and encyclopedic approaches, the representation of variability and synonymy of phraseology, the place of phraseology in a dictionary entry, etc.).
Some fragments from the writings by Cyril of Scythopolis in the extensive edition of the Life of Makarij of Kaljazin
Authors:   Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Pak Natalia V.
Published: April 2024

This article is devoted to the problem of borrowings from authoritarian writings in the original works of Russian hagiographers. The material of the study is the Extensive edition of the Life of Makarij of Kaljazin, compiled around 1547 by an anonymous Russian hagiographer, who belongs to the literary circle of metropolitan Makarij. The study solves some source-study problems, in particular establishment of literary sources of additions to the Extensive edition and definition of a specific version of the translated text used by Russian author in his work, as well as analysis of changes in the source when including borrowings in the text. The most significant result is discovery of the borrowings from the Life of Euthymius the Great (BHG 648) and the Praise of Euthymius the Great and Sabas the Sanctified (lost in Greek); both of these works were written by Cyril of Scythopolis, the famous Byzantine hagiographer of the 6th century. Russian hagiographer uses the Life of Euthymius the Great in the version of the text prepared by Nil Sorsky, which was the very modern in creation of the Life of Makarij of Kaljazin. In his choice of a literary model and source, Russian author is not original and follows the long literary tradition. But the combination of the old version of any text (the Praise of Euthymius and Sabas) and the modern version of any text (the Life of Euthymius), devoted to the same saint, seems to be an important novelty in the technique of Russian hagiographers.
Inchoative verbs in constructions with infinitives in 16th‒17th century Russian sources: Searching for the difference
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Penkova Yana A. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on the study of differences between phase verbs in constructions with infinitive clause in the 16th‒17th century Russian writing. The verbs under discussion are: načati, počati, jati, učati, and stati, as well as the verb byti, which does not belong to phase ones, but competes with them in the simple future tense form. The study is limited to the constructions with auxiliary verbs in the perfective present tense form, i. e., those that refer to the future. The data was collected from the Middle Russian subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus. Contexts from the corpus are classified according to the following parameters: auxiliariness, infinitive, agency/non-agency and telicity/atelicity/punctivity of the predicate in the infinitive form, aspectual semantics of the construction (phasal, iterative, habitual, general factual, durative-continuative meanings), the type of the clause in question, the date and the title of the source, its register and genre. It was found that each periphrastic construction has a unique set of properties associated with the paradigmatic limitations of the auxiliary verb, tendency to occur in a certain clause type, register and genre. The constructions are sensitive to various semantic features of infinitive and aspectual semantics of the context. It is argued that constructions with the verb učnu are less associated with the expression of inchoativity since they are attested in the contexts uncommon for inchoative verbs. Two distinct clusters of periphrastic constructions are distinguished: older constructions with the verbs načnu, počnu and imu and newer ones with the verbs učnu, stanu and budu.
The development of comparative Jewish hermeneutics of the Gospel of Matthew
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Trupbergenov Abay
Published: April 2024

The article examines the historical development of comparative Jewish hermeneutic studies of the Gospel of Matthew starting with the 17th century. The research pays special attention to the stages of formation, to obstacles and their overcoming, and to the nature of the development of comparative works. It introduces a comparison of two parallel traditions in these studies — Christian and Jewish. The main methodological approaches of Christian and Jewish scholars come from historical criticism and philology. They transcend religious boundaries and bring academicism to comparative studies. However, later historical criticism leads to a delay in the development of comparative Jewish studies due to the problems of anachronism, since rabbinic literature originates several hundred years after the New Testament, and therefore is not suitable for synchronous comparison. Another obstacle to the development of comparative analysis poses the philological principle of only one textual meaning. Jewish hermeneutics presupposes many meanings of the sacred text, which contradicts the principle of a single meaning. A revolutionary breakthrough in comparative Jewish hermeneutics occurs in the middle of the 20th century, thanks to the use of a literary approach that is not bound by the strict rules of historical criticism and the philological principle of a single meaning. Renee Bloch suggests the use of Rabbinic literature for the study of Christian and intertestamental literature, and even of the Bible itself, even though such a comparison is anachronistic. The cultural approach helps to see the uniqueness of the cultural contribution of the exegete and to overcome religious obstacles to comparative research. The article suggests a comparative Jewish hermeneutics of the Christmas story of the Gospel of Matthew.
Construction and application of urban water resources spatial equilibrium model: A case study of Ulanqab City
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Hongrui , Wang Feng , Jiang Xin
Published: April 2024

Evaluating the water resources spatial equilibrium (WRSE) is the foundation for scientifically planning the construction of an optimized water resource allocation system and achieving the high-standard development of the China Water Network Project. To elucidate the characteristics of WRSE variation in Ulanqab City, this study explored a novel WRSE assessment model based on connection number and the subtraction set pair potential method. The results indicate that: (1) there exists a mismatch between the distribution of water resources in Ulanqab City and its socio-economic development. In 2020, the Gini coefficients of water resources total quantity concerning resident population, gross domestic product (GDP), industrial output value, and irrigated land area were 0.48, 0.48, 0.51, and 0.28, respectively. (2) From 2011 to 2020, the overall WRSE level in Ulanqab City showed an increasing trend year by year. Among them, the WRSE levels in six counties improved, while Jining District consistently remained at a low equilibrium state due to the prominent contradiction between water supply and demand. (3) In the future, Ulanqab City can further enhance the WRSE level by promoting the reuse of recycled water, intensifying groundwater pollution control, and implementing a quota management system for agricultural water use.
Artificial intelligence (AI) inspired an innovative approach for real-time flow measurements – water distributions at outlets, in Punjab province Pakistan
Authors: Sattar Jaffar , Qamar Muhammad Uzair , Kisekka Isaya , Arshad Muhammad , Anwar-ul-Haq Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Accurate water metering is essential for effective water management, especially for measured and equitable distribution of canal flows, most imperative in Pakistan. The inflows distributed through outlets must adhere to pre-designated levels, defined by Punjab Irrigation Department from head to tail. With recent channels lining, the outlets sanctioned flow are found changed requiring adjustments. Furthermore, there is lack of reliable mechanisms for continuous flow regulations, resulting in unmanaged distributions. The focus of the reported work was on precise and real-time discharge monitoring at outlets using a newly developed device utilizing Artificial Intelligence. During validation training, strong agreement was observed, and all evaluation parameters supported the device accuracy for measurements. In detailed studies of canal operations, the sanctioned discharges of individual outlets along selected distributaries were found significantly inequitable. Out of 162 outlets, 42 were suspended for being unmanaged, with tail users receiving ≤ 50% of their fair intakes. Additionally, there were instances of massive irrational supplies exceeding 200% of allocated discharges. The developed device has potential to accurately measure real-time discharges for managed distributions. Conclusively, the challenging task of fair and equity-based discharge allocations, in conjunction with Warabandi system, necessitates the reevaluation of the allocated flow quantity at each outlet.
Synthesis and characterization of a new natural saccharide polymer (n-LTP) for adsorption of Methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution
Authors: Singh Nikita , Yadav Alpa
Published: April 2024

In this study, a new natural polysaccharide material, i.e., n-LTP, was synthesized by mixing Linum usitatissimum seed oil cake, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Plantago physilium husk in a 1:1:1 ratio for adsorption of Methylene blue. BET, FTIR and SEM reveal the presence of various organic and inorganic groups besides heterogeneous surfaces of the adsorbent having a surface area of 384 m2/g. It is observed that at pH values of 12, contact time of 100 min, n-LTP dose of 1.5 mg, with dye concentration of 70 ppm at 50 °C, nearly 88% of adsorption take place. Experimental data shows that the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.96) and pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9538) fit best to the process. A thermodynamic study showed that the process was spontaneous, endothermic and feasible. Electrostatic, π -π and hydrogen bonding interactions are involved in MB dye adsorption on n-LTP as confirmed by a surface complexation model (SCM). Overall, results of the study explored the potential f n-LTP for removal of MB dye from contaminated water. This study is novel as till now, to the best of our knowledge, no work has been reported on MB adsorption using n-LTP as Q5 an adsorbent specifically.
Soil Mycorrhizae and Their Industrial Applications
Authors: Dasgupta Debarshi , Dey Abir , Meena Mahesh C.
Published: April 2024

Over the past few decades, the growing body of research on mycorrhizal
fungi has been exploring their roles in maintaining and enhancing a wide range of
ecosystem functions. These functions include, and are not limited to, maintenance of
soil health, plant nutrition, removing hazardous contaminants from soil, prevention of
soil erosion, and suppressing pathogens in the soil. As a result, mycorrhizae offer great
potential as ecosystem engineers, capable of meeting various objectives of sustainable
agriculture, forestry, ecological restoration, and biodiversity conservation. In this
chapter, we attempt to offer an insight into the fascinating world of such mutualistic
interaction, some of the benefits it offers to our planet, some of its industrial
applications, and why it is imperative to integrate mycorrhizae into discussions for a
more sustainable future. We consider various types of mycorrhizae present in our
ecosystems and their defining features and differences. After all, we discuss some of
the major roles they play in ecosystem functioning. We then explore a few facets of
their industrial importance in biofertilization and phytoremediation, which are
increasingly recognized globally. We also discuss the issues that hinder the full-fledged
utilization of such a mutualistic interaction. In conclusion, we will look at new avenues
of research that mycorrhizal research is poised to explore. This chapter will give the
readers a holistic view of the exciting world of plant-fungal mutualism and trigger them
to explore the growing body of work probing into such fascinating members of our
ecosystems.
Mycorrhiza Fungi as a Potential Bioprotectant Against the Plant Pathogens of Chilli
Authors: Sarita  , Chugh Rakesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), a symbiosis between plants and members of
the Glomeromycota, an ancient phylum of fungi, boosts the availability of water and
nutrients to the host plant, such as phosphate and nitrogen. In exchange, the fungus
receives up to 20% of the carbon fixed by the plants. Arbuscules, symbiotic entities
found inside plant root cells, are responsible for nutrient delivery. The formation of
AM is accompanied by a signalling molecule exchange between the symbionts. Plant
roots secrete strigolactones, a new class of plant hormones, which help in host
recognition. In India, chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important
commercial spice crops. After looking over the literature on chilli wilt complex
disease, it appears that it causes a major constraint in production. The major diseases
affecting chilli production are anthracnose, Phytophthora leaf blight, Fusarium wilt,
bacterial wilt, damping-off, root rot, etc. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is well known
for its plant growth-promoting efficiency and providing bioprotection against soilborne pathogens (bacteria, fungal and parasitic nematodes). Soil-borne plant pathogens
are difficult to control by conventional fungicidal methods; therefore, an attempt was
made to control the wilt of chilli by eco-friendly management. Increased and efficient
use of mycorrhizal fungi may reduce the use of fertilizer.
Role of Mycorrhiza Fungi in Production Agriculture
Authors: Joshi Ekta , Fatehpuria Pramod Kumar , Singhal Vibha , Jinger Dinesh , kumar S. Vijay
Published: April 2024

Mycorrhizae and plants have a well-established symbiotic relationship, and
play an important role in better plant growth, disease protection, and improving soil
quality. Arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most common of the seven species of
mycorrhizae described in the scientific literature (arbuscular, ecto-, ectendo-, arbutoid-,
monotropoid-, ericoid-, and orchidaceous mycorrhizae). This chapter presents a
summary of current knowledge of mycorrhizal interactions, processes, and potential
benefits to society. The molecular basis for genetic exchange between arbuscular
mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host crops, the role of AM fungi in disease protection, in
promoting plant growth, in reducing heavy metal load, and in increasing grain
production, and their impact on sustainable agriculture are presented in this chapter.
The impact of AM-fungal incorporation and beneficial saprophytic mycoflora on the
promotion of plant growth and root colonization, the role of AM fungus in restoring
indigenous ecosystems, and the impact of the mycorrhizosphere on multitrophic
interactions have been summarized. The ways in which the mycorrhizae transform the
disturbed ecosystem into productive land are discussed. The importance of restoring
mycorrhizal systems in the rhizosphere is emphasized, and their impact on land
reclamation and environmental remediation of polluted soils is also discussed. The
importance of ectomycorrhiza in forest ecosystems, ectomycorrhizal association in
tropical rain forests and their role in maintaining thermal monodominance, are briefly
explained.
Cyanobacterium: Uses as a Biocontrol Agent, Biofertilizer, and Plant Growth Promoter in Agriculture and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Vikram Balaji , Sikarwar Purnima Singh
Published: April 2024

Cyanobacteria continue to produce various biologically active compounds of
antibacterial, antifungal, antifungal, and antiviral potential. These bioactive compounds
also belong to the groups of polyketides, amides, alkaloids, fatty acids, indoles, and
lipopeptides. In addition, these cyanobacteria often produce a broad spectrum of antialgal compounds that attempt to inhibit the growth of pathogens by inhibiting their
metabolic and physiological activities. We all know that cyanobacteria were among the
first microorganisms to live on Earth. Long ago, about billions of years ago, they
played a major role in shaping the Earth into the planet we live on today, and they play
an important role in a variety of functions in addition to our daily lives. Despite the
small genome of cyanobacteria, marine cyanobacteria are also prolific secondary
metabolite producers, along with being an essential source of atmospheric oxygen.
With the ever-increasing human population and higher post-production waste
emissions and increased use of fossil fuels based on food requirements, its
concentration in the atmosphere is expected to increase steadily. Since most of the
attention related to metabolite production has historically been focused on their
freshwater counterparts, marine cyanobacteria present a relatively untapped resource in
terms of evolutionary diversity and industrial potential. They are also producers of
several complex secondary metabolites with potential applications in human health,
biofuels, and bioengineering.
Endophytes as an Alternative Source for Anticancer Agents
Authors: Poonar Neelam , Meena Poonam , Pareek Apexa , Meena Archana
Published: April 2024

The world faces new challenges every decade in the form of calamities,
pandemics, and deadly diseases. The increase in the population and limited resources
has led the human race towards many ailments that are incurable, but the potency of the
human brain and in collusion with natural resources can reveal the remedy to many
diseases. Cancer is one of the major reasons for mortality at present, which is a global
challenge. The search for new anticancer drugs is a necessity of the present day.
Researchers are urged to explore alternative and new potent sources of anticancer
drugs. Natural sources include plant products or some plant-derived bioactive
compounds. Endophytes manifest as an acceptable source of bioactive compounds of
medicinal value. Endophytes are microorganisms present asymptomatically inside the
plant parts. These are known to produce several metabolites with antifungal, antiviral,
antioxidant, and anticancerous activity. Some major metabolites include taxol,
alkaloids, camptothecin, chromones, etc. These produced metabolites can also be
manipulated for the production of novel chemotherapeutic agents. The incessant need
for these anticancer drugs has escalated the search for novel natural compounds. The
present chapter attempts to summarize different endophytic metabolites that serve as an
alternative source for an ailment of the deadly cancer disease.
Carotenoids in Microorganisms and Their Applications
Authors: Nehra Sampat , Gothwal Raj Kumar , Varshney Alok Kumar , Meena Poonam , Trivedi P. C. , Ghosh P.
Published: April 2024

Naturally occurring carotenoids’ demand is increasing because of their need
in the pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, flavor, and animal feed industries. Extraction
and synthesis of carotenoids are expensive and technically challenging. To fulfil the
ever-increasing demand for the production of carotenoids, microbial production of
carotenoids seems to be an attractive alternative to current extraction from natural
sources. For carotenoid overproduction in microorganisms, metabolic engineering as
well as synthetic biology strategies, have been extensively used to reconstruct and
optimize pathways of carotenoid production. Modified and advanced strategies such as
the novel and specific enzymes, protein engineering, target gene screening, and
regulation tools should be used to improve carotenoid production. The applications of
carotenoids, biosynthetic pathways of metabolic engineering of microbial carotenoid
production, molecular breeding of carotenoids, and prospects of carotenoids are
discussed in the present review.
Role of Endophytes in the Development of Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Pareek Apexa , Lodha Payal , Poonar Neelam , Meena Poonam
Published: April 2024

Agricultural production is affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses. To
increase production to meet the demands of the population (agrochemical products),
pesticides are heavily used, which are toxic to the environment as well as to humans
and animals, and also very cost-effective. For the development of sustainability in
agriculture, minimum use of pesticides is recommended. In this context,
microorganisms like endophytic fungi and bacteria are used to promote plant growth
and productivity. Endophytic organisms live inside plant tissues and can improve plant
growth under normal and challenging conditions. They provide benefits to host plants
directly or indirectly by improving plant nutrient uptake, production of phytohormones,
targeting pests and pathogens with antibiotics, hydrolytic enzyme production, and
inducing plant defence mechanisms. This chapter elaborates on the beneficial uses of
endophytic organisms in the agriculture system.
Pemanfaatan model pembelajaran TGT berbantuan Wordwall dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar teks eksplanasi
Authors: Andono Afid
Published: April 2024

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini mengeksplorasi efektivitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keaktifan belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas 2G Madrasah Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Dengan keaktifan belajar dan hasil belajar yang rendah akibat kurangnya variatif dalam metode pengajaran, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan dan mengevaluasi dampak dari penerapan model TGT. Metodologi penelitian ini melibatkan 29 siswa dan dijalankan melalui dua siklus, dengan masing-masing siklus mencakup tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi dalam dua pertemuan. Pengukuran keaktifan belajar dilakukan melalui lembar observasi, sementara hasil belajar diukur menggunakan tes tertulis berupa soal pilihan ganda. Hasil dari siklus pertama menunjukkan bahwa hanya 52% siswa yang mencapai atau melebihi Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) dengan nilai di atas 76, meninggalkan 48% siswa belum mencapai KKM. Namun, siklus kedua mencatat peningkatan signifikan dengan 86% siswa mencapai atau melebihi KKM, serta peningkatan rata-rata kelas dari 70,97 menjadi 81,96. Peningkatan ini menandakan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT berkontribusi positif terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar dan keaktifan belajar siswa, menunjukkan potensi model ini sebagai strategi efektif dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.
Defining and Risk-Stratifying Immunosuppression (the DESTINIES Study): Protocol for an Electronic Delphi Study
Authors: Leston Meredith , Ordóñez-Mena José , Joy Mark , de Lusignan Simon , Hobbs Richard , McInnes Iain , Lee Lennard
Published: April 2024

Background

Globally, there are marked inconsistencies in how immunosuppression is characterized and subdivided into clinical risk groups. This is detrimental to the precision and comparability of disease surveillance efforts—which has negative implications for the care of those who are immunosuppressed and their health outcomes. This was particularly apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic; despite collective motivation to protect these patients, conflicting clinical definitions created international rifts in how those who were immunosuppressed were monitored and managed during this period. We propose that international clinical consensus be built around the conditions that lead to immunosuppression and their gradations of severity concerning COVID-19. Such information can then be formalized into a digital phenotype to enhance disease surveillance and provide much-needed intelligence on risk-prioritizing these patients.

Objective

We aim to demonstrate how electronic Delphi objectives, methodology, and statistical approaches will help address this lack of consensus internationally and deliver a COVID-19 risk-stratified phenotype for “adult immunosuppression.”

Methods

Leveraging existing evidence for heterogeneous COVID-19 outcomes in adults who are immunosuppressed, this work will recruit over 50 world-leading clinical, research, or policy experts in the area of immunology or clinical risk prioritization. After 2 rounds of clinical consensus building and 1 round of concluding debate, these panelists will confirm the medical conditions that should be classed as immunosuppressed and their differential vulnerability to COVID-19. Consensus statements on the time and dose dependencies of these risks will also be presented. This work will be conducted iteratively, with opportunities for panelists to ask clarifying questions between rounds and provide ongoing feedback to improve questionnaire items. Statistical analysis will focus on levels of agreement between responses.

Results

This protocol outlines a robust method for improving consensus on the definition and meaningful subdivision of adult immunosuppression concerning COVID-19. Panelist recruitment took place between April and May of 2024; the target set for over 50 panelists was achieved. The study launched at the end of May and data collection is projected to end in July 2024.

Conclusions

This protocol, if fully implemented, will deliver a universally acceptable, clinically relevant, and electronic health record–compatible phenotype for adult immunosuppression. As well as having immediate value for COVID-19 resource prioritization, this exercise and its output hold prospective value for clinical decision-making across all diseases that disproportionately affect those who are immunosuppressed.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/56271