bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liesegang Phenomenon of Liquid Metals on Au Film
Authors: Xing Zerong , Zhang Genpei , Ye Jiao , Zhou Zhuquan , Gao Jianye , Du Bangdeng , Yue Kai , Wang Qian , Liu Jing
Published: November 2022

Room temperature liquid metals (LM) such as gallium (Ga) own the potential to react with specific materials which would incubate new application categories. Here, diverse self‐organized ring patterns due to nonequilibrium reaction‐diffusion and spreading‐limitation of Ga‐based LM clusters on gold (Au) film are reported, among which diffusion is the controlling step and the self‐limiting oxide layer plays the role of kinetic barrier. Such phenomena, classically known as the Liesegang rings, mainly occur in electrolyte media. Unlike existing systems, the present periodic crystallization mechanism enables highly symmetric spatiotemporal periodic Liesegang rings on a smaller scale under ambient conditions. Typically, the Ga‐Au and eutectic gallium‐indium alloy (EGaIn)‐Au reaction‐diffusion‐spreading systems are constructed, obtaining the revert type and hybrid type concentric Liesegang patterns, respectively. The competitive patterning behavior of the intermediate phase products AuGa2 and AuIn2 in hybrid Liesegang patterns is further analyzed by altering the initial Ga/In mass ratio, first‐principles calculations, and molecular dynamic simulations. When the mass ratio of In in GaIn alloy exceeds 15%, it will preferentially react with Au. The discovery of LM Liesegang phenomenon is expected to be a flashpoint for self‐organized reaction‐diffusion systems and offers promising rules for diverse areas such as materials synthesis and the jewelry design industry.
Cascade Cross‐Coupling/Spirocyclization/Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of 3‐(2‐Isocyanoethyl)Indoles with Aromatic Azides: Access to Polycyclic Spiroindolines Bearing A Pentasubstituted Guanidine Moiety
Authors: Gu Man‐Zhen , Deng Yan‐Qiu , Zhang Xi‐Ting , Lin Xiao‐Tong , Xu Yi‐Bing , Hu Xiao‐Wei , Liu Xin‐Ni , Zheng Yi‐Lin , Chen Guo‐Shu , Liu Yun‐Lin
Published: November 2022

A rhodium‐catalyzed cascade cross‐coupling/spirocyclization/formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of 3‐(2‐isocyanoethyl)indoles with aromatic azides is developed, providing a general synthetic protocol to polycyclic spiroindolines bearing a pentasubstituted guanidine moiety with moderate to excellent yields. This transformation is highly effective since one C−C, one C=N, three C−N bonds as well as two new rings are constructed in a single step. More importantly, this work represents a new reactivity pattern of 3‐(2‐isocyanoethyl)indole, and thus constitutes an valuable addition to 3‐(2‐isocyanoethyl)indole chemistry.

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Design and Synthesis of Highly Decorated Oxa‐Cage Systems via Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Keesari Ramakrishna Reddy
Published: November 2022

Here, we report diversely fused oxa‐cages starting from various alkyl‐substituted cyclic‐ether derivatives derived via intramolecular cyclocetherification of endo‐alcohol containing endo‐norbornene derivatives. All these higher oxa‐cage systems are assembled in good to excellent yield by employing ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) or ring‐opening metathesis (ROM) as a key step. Ru‐based Grubbs catalysts (G‐I, G‐II) are effective to assemble these target molecules. In addition, a highly strained bicyclo[2.2.1]hepatane system fused oxa‐cages are easily prepared by hydrogenation sequence. Also, several highly fused saturated oxa‐cage derivatives are reported. A total of 22 examples are reported and all of these compounds are well‐characterized by NMR and HRMS data. The target compounds reported here may find significant applications in various fields of chemistry.
Impact of the Chlorination of Lithium Argyrodites on the Electrolyte/Cathode Interface in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Zuo Tong‐Tong , Walther Felix , Teo Jun Hao , Rueß Raffael , Wang Yubo , Rohnke Marcus , Schröder Daniel , Nazar Linda F. , Janek Jürgen
Published: November 2022

Lithium argyrodite‐type electrolytes are regarded as promising electrolytes due to their high ionic conductivity and good processability. Chemical modifications to increase ionic conductivity have already been demonstrated, but the influence of these modifications on interfacial stability remains so far unknown. In this work, we study Li6PS5Cl and Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5 to investigate the influence of halogenation on the electrochemical decomposition of the solid electrolyte and the chemical degradation mechanism at the cathode interface in depth. Electrochemical measurements, gas analysis and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry indicate that the Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5 shows pronounced electrochemical decomposition at lower potentials. The chemical reaction at higher voltages leads to more gaseous degradation products, but a lower fraction of solid oxygenated phosphorous and sulfur species. This in turn leads to a decreased interfacial resistance and thus a higher cell performance.
Non‐trivial Contribution of Carbon Hybridization in Carbon‐based Substrates to Electrocatalytic Activities in Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jiawen , Cao Jiaqi , Cai Guolei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Wei , Xie Shuai , Wang Jinxi , Jin Hongchang , Xu Junjie , Kong Xianghua , Jin Song , Li Zhenyu , Ji Hengxing
Published: November 2022

Appling an electrochemical catalyst is an efficient strategy for inhibiting the shuttle effect and enhancing the S utilization of Li‐S batteries. Carbon‐based materials are the most common conductive agents and catalyst supports used in Li‐S batteries, but the correlation between the diversity of hybridizations and sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) catalytic activity remains unclear. Here, by establishing two forms of carbon models, i.e., graphitic carbon (GC) and amorphous carbon (AC), we observe that the nitrogen atom doped in the GC possesses a higher local charge density and a lower Gibbs free energy towards the formation of polysulfides than in the AC. And the GC‐based electrode consistently inherits considerably enhanced SRR kinetics and superior cycling stability and rate capability in Li‐S batteries. Therefore, the function of carbon in Li‐S batteries is not only limited as conductive support but also plays an unignorable contribution to the electrocatalytic activities of SRR.
Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl and Unactivated Olefin Derivatives by C(sp3)−C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Cong Fei , Mega Riccardo S. , Chen Jinhong , Day Craig S. , Martin Ruben
Published: November 2022

Herein, we report a Cu‐mediated trifluoromethylation of carbonyl‐type compounds and unactivated olefins enabled by visible‐light irradiation via σ C(sp3)−C bond‐functionalization. The reaction is distinguished by its modularity, mild conditions and wide scope—even in the context of late‐stage functionalization—thus offering a complementary approach en route to valuable C(sp3)−CF3architectures from easily accessible precursors.
Wacker Oxidation von Methylencyclobutanen: Umfang und Selektivität in einer ungewöhnlichen Umgebung
Authors: Sietmann Jan , Tenberge Marius , Wahl Johannes M.
Published: November 2022

Methylencyclobutane werden der Wacker Oxidation über eine semi‐pinakolartige Umlagerung unterzogen. Der Schlüssel zu einem erfolgreichen Prozess ist die Verwendung von tert‐Butylnitrit als Oxidationsmittel, das nicht nur eine effiziente Katalyse ermöglicht, sondern auch eine hohe Markovnikov‐Selektivität unter milden Bedingungen gewährleistet. Auf diese Weise können Cyclopentanone (26 Beispiele) in guter Ausbeute und ausgezeichneter Selektivität (bis zu 97 % Ausbeute und generell >99 : 1 Keton:Aldehyd‐Verhältnis) zugänglich gemacht werden. Die stereochemische Analyse der Reaktionssequenz zeigt ein Wanderungsverhalten, das mit verwandten 1,2‐Umlagerungen übereinstimmt. Des Weiteren können durch die Einführung eines Pyox‐Liganden an Palladium prochirale Methylencyclobutane desymmetrisiert werden, was der ersten enantioselektiven Wacker‐Oxidation entspricht.
A Liquid‐Liquid‐Solid System to Manipulate the Cascade Reaction for Highly Selective Electrosynthesis of Aldehyde
Authors: Huang Hongling , Song Xuedan , Yu Chang , Wei Qianbing , Ni Lin , Han Xiaotong , Huang Huawei , Han Yingnan , Qiu Jieshan
Published: November 2022

Electrocatalytic synthesis of aldehydes from alcohols exhibits unique superiorities as a promising technology, in which cascade reactions are involved. However, the cascade reactions are severely limited by the low selectivity resulting from the peroxidation of aldehydes in a traditional liquid‐solid system. Herein, we report a novel liquid‐liquid‐solid system to regulate the selectivity of benzyl alcohol electrooxidation. The selectivity of benzaldehyde increases 200‐fold from 0.4 % to 80.4 % compared with the liquid‐solid system at a high current density of 136 mA cm−2, which is the highest one up to date. In the tri‐phase system, the benzaldehyde peroxidation is suppressed efficiently, with the conversion of benzaldehyde being decreased from 87.6 % to 3.8 %. The as‐produced benzaldehyde can bein situextracted to toluene phase and separated from the electrolyte to get purified benzaldehyde. This strategy provides an efficient way to efficiently enhance the selectivity of electrocatalytic cascade reactions.
PES/ZIF‐L mixed‐matrix membrane for CO2 permeation: Influence of ionic liquid in pre‐ and post‐modification treatment
Authors: Shah Buddin Meor Muhammad Hafiz , Ahmad Abdul Latif , Mohd Saufi Muhammad Amirul Asraf
Published: November 2022

It is known that mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) suffer from poor compatibility between the polymer and inorganic phases. As a result, suboptimal morphology of a membrane is obtained. This study fabricated MMMs containing ZIF‐L as the inorganic filler and polyethersulfone (PES) via the thermally induced phase separation method. ZIF‐L loading was varied from .25 to 10.0 wt% to study the effect of ZIF‐L loading on the characteristic of the MMMs and gas separation performance (CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4). Unmodified ZIF‐L resulted in significant permeability and selectivity trade‐offs. To improve the compatibility between the components and affinity towards CO2, ionic liquid (IL) was introduced. Two methods of IL modification methods were tested. They are pre‐modification of ZIF‐L and post‐modification of PES/ZIF‐L MMMs. The findings revealed that the pre‐modification method has successfully sealed the polymer/filler interfacial void compared to post‐modification. It was found that the pre‐modification method has enhanced PES/ZIF‐L membrane's performance due to the minimal interfacial defects issue at low loading; 0.75 wt% of pre‐modified ZIF‐L in the PES matrix has enhanced the permeability of CO2 by more than eight times. Furthermore, the ideal CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity recorded at this condition is 30.1 and 21.8, respectively. On the contrary, the post‐modification strategy turns out to be counterproductive.
Physical effects of nanoaluminum oxide and nanographene on kenaf epoxy composite; vacuum bagging process
Authors: Taj Amreen , R.P Swamy , Naik Kishan , K.N Bharath
Published: November 2022

In this study, the effect of secondary filler nanographene and primary filler nanoaluminum oxide with kenaf epoxy was investigated. The vacuum bagging process was performed, and a magnetic stirrer was used for blending additives. Water absorption (borewell, distilled, normal, and seawater) and chemical absorption (acid, base, and neutral solution) tests were carried out to evaluate the water absorption, chemical absorption, thickness swelling, and diffusivity of the composite with varying percentages of fillers. The result demonstrates that the addition of 6% primary and 3% secondary filler together, increases the density of the sample by 13.5% and decreases void content by 77%. The addition of secondary filler lowers water absorption in normal water by 1.3% compared to other types of water, as the addition of secondary filler increases the water absorption decreases by 70% in borewell water, 75% in distilled water, 76% in normal water, and 69% in seawater. Thickness swelling of the samples decreases upon the addition of secondary fillers. In acid, the primary and secondary fillers increase the resistance to dissolution. The diffusivity rate of the sample with a combination of fillers 1.3 × 10−5.
When Molecular Dimerization Induces Magnetic Bi‐Stability at the Metal–Organic Interface
Authors: Tuerhong Rouzhaji , Ngassam Franck , Alouani Mebarek , Bucher Jean‐Pierre
Published: November 2022

2D metal–organic frameworks have been recently proposed as a flexible platform for realizing new functional materials including quantum phases. Here, we present a method to create metal‐organic dimer complexes by on‐surface assembly on a metal substrate using low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). We demonstrate that a dimer of Mn‐Phthalocyanine (MnPc)2 on a Ag(111) surface can be switched between two stable configurations upon a small conformational change controlled by STM manipulation. By means of density‐functional theory calculations, it is found that the two conformations correspond to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) and a ferromagnetic (FM) state respectively. Directly coordinated Mn atoms of the dimer lead to an AFM‐coupling whereas indirectly coordinated (shifted) Mn atoms lead to a FM‐coupling. Rarely seen in a molecular‐dimers with transition‐metal atoms, the FM‐AFM‐FM transition is thus readily on‐surface accessible. Furthermore, the two configurations of the switch are easily identified by their Kondo states, opening interesting routes in terms of both, writing (FM versus AFM states) and reading. These results pave the experimental route toward dimer‐based materials with complex magnetic structures of potential interest for application in spintronics, logics and computing.
Rational Design and Synthesis of D‐galactosyl Lysophospholipids as Selective Substrates and non‐ATP‐competitive Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Kinases
Authors: Sun Mengxia , Zhang Chi , Sui Dexin , Yang Canchai , Pyeon Dohun , Huang Xuefei , Hu Jian
Published: November 2022

Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs) produce lipid signaling molecules and have been attracting increasing attention as drug targets for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infection. Given the potential cross‐inhibition of kinases and other ATP‐utilizing enzymes by ATP‐competitive inhibitors, targeting the unique lipid substrate binding site represents a superior strategy for PIPK inhibition. Here, by taking advantage of the nearly identical stereochemistry between myo‐inositol and D‐galactose, we designed and synthesized a panel of D‐galactosyl lysophospholipids, one of which was found to be a selective substrate of phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase. Derivatization of this compound led to the discovery of a human PIKfyve inhibitor with an apparent IC50 of 6.2 μM, which significantly potentiated the inhibitory effect of Apilimod, an ATP‐competitive PIKfyve inhibitor under clinical trials against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Our results provide the proof of concept that D‐galactose‐based phosphoinositide mimetics can be developed into artificial substrates and new inhibitors of PIPKs.
Hybrid Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks: Structures and Functional Applications
Authors: Liu Ying , Chang Ganggang , Zheng Fang , Chen Lihang , Yang Qiwei , Ren Qilong , Bao Zongbi
Published: November 2022

As a new class of porous crystalline materials, hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) assembled from building blocks by hydrogen bonds have gained increasing attention. HOFs benefit from advantages including mild synthesis, easy purification, and good recyclability. However, some HOFs transform into unstable frameworks after desolvation, which hinders their further applications. Nowadays, the main challenges of developing HOFs lie in stability improvement, porosity establishment, and functionalization. Recently, more and more stable and permanently porous HOFs have been reported. Of all these design strategies, stronger charge‐assisted hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds have been proven to be effective for developing stable, porous, and functional solids called hybrid HOFs, including ionic and metallized HOFs. This Review discusses the rational design synthesis principles of hybrid HOFs and their cutting‐edge applications in selective inclusion, proton conduction, gas separation, catalysis and so forth.
Ln‐MOF Based Ratiometric Luminescent Sensor for the Detection of Potential COVID‐19 Drugs
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Batra Kamal , Clavier Gilles , Maurin Guillaume , Ding Bin , Tissot Antoine , Serre Christian
Published: November 2022

Countless people have been affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic on a global scale. Favipiravir, has shown potential as an effective drug for SARS‐CoV‐2, attracting scientists’ attention. However, overuse of Favipiravir easily leads to serious side effects, requiring real‐time monitoring in body fluids. Given this, a new lanthanide metal‐organic framework (MOF) was prepared under solvothermal conditions from either Eu (Eu‐MOF or (1)) or Tb (Tb‐MOF or (2)) using the highly delocalized imidazoledicarboxylic acid linker H2L (H2L=5‐(4‐(imidazol‐1‐yl) phenyl) isophthalic acid) and could be successfully applied to selective optical detection of Favipiravir. In this MOF framework, the organic linker H2L provides a high excitation energy transfer efficiency that can sensitize luminescence in lanthanides. In addition, through deliberate tuning of Eu/Tb molar ratio and reaction concentration in the lanthanide framework, ratiometric recyclable luminescent EuxTb1‐x‐MOF nanoparticles with open metal sites have been constructed, which present a high detection sensitivity (Ksv=1×107 [M−1], detection limit is 4.63 nM) for Favipiravir. The detection mechanism is discussed with the help of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations that sheds light over the selective sensing of Favipiravir over other related COVID‐19 drug candidates. Finally, to explore the practical application of Favipiravir sensing, MOF based thin films have been used for visual detection of Favipiravir and recycled 5 times.
A Simple Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptor with a Power Conversion Efficiency Over 16%†
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Zeng Rui , Lu Hao , Ran Guangliu , Zhang Andong , Chen Ya‐Nan , Liu Yahui , Liu Feng , Zhang Wenkai , Tang Zheng , Bo Zhishan
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive Summary

By simplifying the π‐bridge unit, a nonfused ring electron acceptor (NFREA) BM‐2F was designed and synthesized with several high‐yield steps. The specific molecular structure features of BM‐2F are planar molecular backbone and out‐of‐plane side chain, which is favorable for charge transport and can suppress the over‐aggregation. BM‐2F based neat and blend films display obvious face‐on molecular orientation. Specially, D18:BM‐2F based blend film can form good bicontinuous interpenetrating network. More excitingly, a power conversion efficiency of 16.15% was achieved with D18:BM‐2F based photovoltaic devices, which is the highest one based on NFREAs. Our researches manifest that NFREA is a promising direction for low‐cost and high‐performance organic solar cells.
Deep learning‐based image analysis reveals significant differences in the number and distribution of mucosal CD3 and γδ T cells between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Røyset Elin Synnøve , Sahlin Pettersen Henrik P , Xu Weili , Larbi Anis , Sandvik Arne K , Steigen Sonja E , Catalan‐Serra Ignacio , Bakke Ingunn
Published: November 2022

Colon mucosae of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) display differences in the number and distribution of immune cells that are difficult to assess by eye. Deep learning‐based analysis on whole slide images (WSIs) allows extraction of complex quantitative data that can be used to uncover different inflammatory patterns. We aimed to explore the distribution of CD3 and γδ T cells in colon mucosal compartments in histologically inactive and active inflammatory bowel disease. By deep learning‐based segmentation and cell detection on WSIs from a well‐defined cohort of CD (n = 37), UC (n = 58), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 33), we quantified CD3 and γδ T cells within and beneath the epithelium and in lamina propria in proximal and distal colon mucosa, defined by the Nancy histological index. We found that inactive CD had significantly fewer intraepithelial γδ T cells than inactive UC, but higher total number of CD3 cells in all compartments than UC and HCs. Disease activity was associated with a massive loss of intraepithelial γδ T cells in UC, but not in CD. The total intraepithelial number of CD3 cells remained constant regardless of disease activity in both CD and UC. There were more mucosal CD3 and γδ T cells in proximal versus distal colon. Oral corticosteroids had an impact on γδ T cell numbers, while age, gender, and disease duration did not. Relative abundance of γδ T cells in mucosa and blood did not correlate. This study reveals significant differences in the total number of CD3 and γδ T cells in particularly the epithelial area between CD, UC, and HCs, and demonstrates useful application of deep segmentation to quantify cells in mucosal compartments.
Validation of the prognostic value of CD3 and CD8 cell densities analogous to the Immunoscore® by stage and location of colorectal cancer: an independent patient cohort study
Authors: Alwers Elizabeth , Kather Jakob N , Kloor Matthias , Brobeil Alexander , Tagscherer Katrin E , Roth Wilfried , Echle Amelie , Amitay Efrat L , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Brenner Hermann , Hoffmeister Michael
Published: November 2022

In addition to the traditional staging system in colorectal cancer (CRC), the Immunoscore® has been proposed to characterize the level of immune infiltration in tumor tissue and as a potential prognostic marker. The aim of this study was to examine and validate associations of an immune cell score analogous to the Immunoscore® with established molecular tumor markers and with CRC patient survival in a routine setting. Patients from a population‐based cohort study with available CRC tumor tissue blocks were included in this analysis. CD3+ and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor center and invasive margin were determined in stained tumor tissue slides. Based on the T‐cell density in each region, an  immune cell score closely analogous to the concept of the Immunoscore® was calculated and tumors categorized into IS‐low, IS‐intermediate, or IS‐high. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations between clinicopathological characteristics with the immune cell score, and Cox proportional hazards models to analyze associations with cancer‐specific, relapse‐free, and overall survival. From 1,535 patients with CRC, 411 (27%) had IS‐high tumors. Microsatellite instability (MSI‐high) was strongly associated with higher immune cell score levels (p < 0.001). Stage I–III patients with IS‐high had better CRC‐specific and relapse‐free survival compared to patients with IS‐low (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42 [0.27–0.66] and HR = 0.45 [0.31–0.67], respectively). Patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors and IS‐high had better survival (HRCSS = 0.60 [0.42–0.88]) compared to MSS/IS‐low patients. In this population‐based cohort of CRC patients, the immune cell score was significantly associated with better patient survival. It was a similarly strong prognostic marker in patients with MSI‐high tumors and in the larger group of patients with MSS tumors. Additionally, this study showed that it is possible to implement an analogous immune cell score approach and validate the Immunoscore® using open source software in an academic setting. Thus, the Immunoscore® could be useful to improve the traditional staging system in colon and rectal cancer used in clinical practice.
Acute and long‐lasting effects of adolescent fluoxetine exposure on feeding behavior in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Castro Alexis L. , Frankot Michelle , Moran Timothy H. , Iñiguez Sergio D. , Treesukosol Yada
Published: November 2022

The antidepressant medication fluoxetine (FLX) is frequently prescribed for the management of mood‐related illnesses in the adolescent population—yet its long‐term neurobehavioral consequences are not understood. To investigate how juvenile FLX exposure influences feeding behavior in adulthood, we conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, adolescent male and female Sprague–Dawley rats were administered with 20 mg/kg/day FLX (postnatal day [PND] 35–49) and exposed to a binge access paradigm in adulthood (PND72+) to evaluate potential alterations for sweetened‐fat preference. No long‐term FLX‐induced differences in preference for sweetened fat versus chow, nor total caloric intake, were noted; however, females displayed higher preference for sweetened fat compared to males. In Experiment 2, PND35 male rats received FLX (PND35–49) and were exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) in adulthood (PND74–88). During treatment, FLX decreased body weight and intake (meal size), but not total meal number. Also, no differences in meal pattern parameters were observed after FLX completion. Likewise, no differences in meal pattern parameters to a palatable diet (45% fat, 17% sucrose) presented from PND74 to PND88, even after CVS, were observed. Our findings indicate that juvenile FLX reduces body weight gain acutely via reduced meal size intake; however, no long‐term changes in ad libitum feeding behavior or binge access to a palatable stimulus are evident.
Climax forest has a higher soil bacterial diversity but lower soil nutrient contents than degraded forests in temperate northern China
Authors: Sui Xin , Li Mengsha , Frey Beat , Wang Mingyu , Weng Xiaohong , Wang Xin , Chen Fuyuan , Li Xianda , Du Zhong , Yang Libin , Li Mai‐He
Published: November 2022

Bacteria are a crucial component of forest soil biodiversity and play an important role in numerous ecosystem processes. Here, we studied the patterns of soil bacterial community diversity and structure in a climax forest (Larix gmelinii; LG) compared with those in degraded forest ecosystems of four forest vegetation types (BD, Betula dahurica; BP, Betula platyphylla; QM, Quercus mongolica; and LGQM, a mixed coniferous–broadleaved forest composed of Larix gmelinii and Quercus mongolica) in the Heilongjiang Zhongyangzhan Black‐billed Capercaillie Nature Reserve in northern China, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16 S rRNA genes. Soil physicochemical properties (pH, soil organic carbon = SOC, total nitrogen = TN, carbon/nitrogen = C/N, total phosphorous = TP, available nitrogen = AN, available phosphorous = AP) differed significantly (p < .05) among the five forests. SOC, C/N, TP, AN, and AP were highest in QM, whereas SOC was lowest in LGQM. Soil pH was lowest in BD and highest in LGQM. α diversity was highest in LG and lowest in QM. The soil bacterial community composition in the climax forest was significantly different from that in the four degraded forests (p < .05). The dominant bacterial phyla were Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Rokubacteria. The highest relative abundances of these phyla were: 30.7% for Acidobacteria in LGQM, 42.6% for Proteobacteria in LG, 17.6% for Verrucomicrobia in BD, 5.5% for Firmicutes in BP, and 6.9% for Actinobacteria in QM. The dominant bacterial genera across the five forest vegetation types were Bryobacter and some poorly characterized taxa (e.g., Candidatus_Udaeobacter and Candidatus_Solibacter). Redundancy analysis indicated that SOC, C/N, TP, AN, and AP were the main soil physicochemical properties that shaped the bacterial communities. Our study revealed distinct bacterial diversity and composition in the climax forest compared with values in degraded forests, suggesting that the biotic and abiotic factors associated with climax ecosystems play an important role in shaping soil bacterial community structure and thus biogeochemical functions. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding and better predictions of the network among belowground systems and of the functions and services of degraded forests compared with climax ecosystems.
COI metabarcoding of large benthic Foraminifera: Method validation for application in ecological studies
Authors: Girard Elsa B. , Macher Jan‐Niklas , Jompa Jamaluddin , Renema Willem
Published: November 2022

Monitoring community composition of Foraminifera (single‐celled marine protists) provides valuable insights into environmental conditions in marine ecosystems. Despite the efficiency of environmental DNA (eDNA) and bulk‐sample DNA (bulk‐DNA) metabarcoding to assess the presence of multiple taxa, this has not been straightforward for Foraminifera partially due to the high genetic variability in widely used ribosomal markers. Here, we test the correctness in retrieving foraminiferal communities by metabarcoding of mock communities, bulk‐DNA from coral reef sediment samples, and eDNA from their associated ethanol preservative using the recently sequenced cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) marker. To assess the detection success, we compared our results with large benthic foraminiferal communities previously reported from the same sampling sites. Results from our mock communities demonstrate that all species were detected in two mock communities and all but one in the remaining four. Technical replicates were highly similar in number of reads for each assigned ASV in both the mock communities and bulk‐DNA samples. Bulk‐DNA showed a significantly higher species richness than their associated eDNA samples, and also detected additional species to what was already reported at the specific sites. Our study confirms that metabarcoding using the foraminiferal COI marker adequately retrieves the diversity and community composition of both the mock communities and the bulk‐DNA samples. With its decreased variability compared with the commonly used nuclear 18 S rRNA, the COI marker renders bulk‐DNA metabarcoding a powerful tool to assess foraminiferal community composition under the condition that the reference database is adequate to the target taxa.
A data set for pollinator diversity and their interactions with plants in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Guzman Laura Melissa , Kelly Tyler , Elle Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

Pollinator populations have declined substantially in recent years. The resulting loss in pollination services has both ecological and economic consequences, including reductions in plant diversity and crop production and lower food security. Data sets that identify pollinators and their plant hosts are of the utmost importance for the light can shed on the main causes of pollinator declines. Here we present a data set that contains 67,954 individual pollinator records. The data were collected across the Pacific Northwest, primarily focused in British Columbia (Canada), with 182 individual sites over 11 years, between 2005 and 2017. This data set comprises multiple studies that aimed to collect information on pollinator abundance, diversity, and their interactions with plants. Overall, the data set includes 937 morphospecies (of which 482 were identified to the species level) of pollinators across 105 families, including data for bees, wasps, butterflies, moths, and flies. We also present information on the interactions of these species, with 473 species of plants. The data set is being released for noncommercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation).
Orthogonal Arylation of a Diene‐Sulfonamide Using Cationic Transition Metal Catalysts
Authors: Sand Patrick , Schmidt Bernd
Published: November 2022

The regioselectivity of two mechanistically distinct alkenylation reactions catalyzed by in situ‐formed cationic transition metal complexes was studied using N‐allyl‐N‐phenylethenesulfonamide as a model compound. Orthogonal selectivity was observed for the Ru‐catalyzed C−H‐activating alkenylation with acetanilides, which occurs preferentially at the electron deficient double bond, and for a Pd‐catalyzed Heck‐type coupling with arene diazonium salts, which occurs preferentially at the more electron rich double bond of the N‐allyl substituent.
Quantitative assessment confirms deep proteome analysis by integrative top–down proteomics
Authors: Carbonara Katrina , Padula Matthew P. , Coorssen Jens R.
Published: November 2022

The goal of integrative top–down proteomics (i.e., two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis [2DE] coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry [LC/MS/MS]) is a routine analytical approach that fully addresses the breadth and depth of proteomes. To accomplish this, there should be no addition, removal, or modification to any constituent proteoforms. To address two‐decade old claims of protein losses during front–end proteome resolution using 2DE, here we tested an alternate rehydration method for immobilized pH gradient strips prior to isoelectric focusing (IEF; i.e., faceup compared to facedown) and quantitatively assessed losses during the front–end of 2DE (rehydration and IEF). Using a well‐established high‐resolution, quantitative 2DE protocol, there were no detectable proteoform losses using the alternate faceup rehydration method. Although there is a <0.25% total loss of proteoforms during standard facedown rehydration, it is insignificant in terms of having any effect on overall proteome resolution (i.e., total spot count and total spot signal). This report is another milestone in integrative top–down proteomics, disproving long‐held dogma in the field and confirming that quantitative front–end 2DE/LC/MS/MS is currently the only method to broadly and deeply analyze proteomes by resolving their constituent proteoforms.
Sol‐gel route synthesis of high energy density Li [Li0.2Ni0.3Mn0.7] O2 cathode with controlled structure, morphology and enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Prettencia Leonard Joseph , Soundarrajan Elumalai , Roselin Ranjitha Mathiarasu , Kalaivani Raman , Raghu Subashchandrabose
Published: November 2022

The desire for long driving range and low cost of electric vehicles necessitates the use of superior rechargeable lithium batteries. These batteries with enhanced energy density addresses the demand for cutting‐edge cathode materials which can deliver amplified voltage and capacity. Lithium‐rich manganese is one among such promising cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries. In this work, three different organic acids, including oxalic (OX), tartaric (TA) and ascorbic (AS) acids were used to synthesis Li [Li0.2Ni0.3Mn0.7] O2 (LNMO) materials with three unique microstructures. Physicochemical and electrochemical characterization techniques were used to investigate a range of properties. Electrochemical investigations demonstrated regulated morphology‐enhanced electronic conductivity, increased energy density and prolonged cycle behavior. Among the three samples, AS‐LNMO unveiled a capacity of 308.02 mhAg−1 nearing the value of theoretical capacity. Whereas, TA‐LNMO exhibited a remarkable stability even after 200 cycles with capacity retention of 99.3%. With specific discharge capacities of 308.02, 278, 252, 228 and 212 mAhg−1 at 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C and 2C respectively, AS‐LNMO exhibited superior rate capability. Collectively, this research offers valuable insights in using complexing agents which positively impacts the morphology and electrochemical performance of LNMOs in upcoming lithium‐ion batteries.
Novel low‐grade renal spindle cell neoplasm with HEY1::NCOA2 fusion that is distinct from mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
Authors: Miller Timothy Isaac , Mantilla Jose G. , Wang Wenjing , Liu Yajuan J. , Tretiakova Maria
Published: November 2022

HEY1‐NCOA2 fusion is most described in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. This is the first case report of a primary renal spindle cell neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential with a HEY1::NCOA2 fusion identified by Fusionplex RNA‐sequencing that is histologically distinct from mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The neoplasm was identified in a 33‐year‐old woman without significant past medical history who underwent partial nephrectomy for an incidentally discovered renal mass. The histologic features of the mass included spindle cells with variable cellularity and monotonous bland cytology forming vague fascicles and storiform architecture within a myxoedematous and collagenous stroma with areas of calcification. The morphologic and immunophenotypic features were not specific for any entity but were most similar to low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. To date, the patient has not had recurrence, and the malignant potential of the neoplasm is uncertain.
Assessing the interaction effects of brain structure longitudinal changes and life environmental factors on depression and anxiety
Authors: Yang Xuena , Cheng Bolun , Yang Jian , Cheng Shiqiang , Pan Chuyu , Zhao Yijing , Zhang Huijie , Liu Li , Meng Peilin , Zhang Jingxi , Zhang Zhen , Li Chun'e , Chen Yujing , He Dan , Wen Yan , Jia Yumeng , Liu Huan , Zhang Feng
Published: November 2022

Disrupted brain structures and several life environmental factors have been shown to influence depression and anxiety, but their interactions with anxiety and depression remain elusive. Genome‐wide association study datasets of 15 brain structure longitudinal changes (N = 15,640) were obtained from the published study. Genotype and phenotype‐related data of depression, anxiety, and life environmental factors (including smoking, alcohol drinking, coffee intake, maternal smoking, physical activity, vitamin D, insomnia, sleep duration, and family satisfaction) were collected from UK Biobank. We calculated the polygenic risk scores (PRS) of 15 brain structure changes and then conducted linear regression analyses to explore the interactions of brain structure changes and life environmental factors on depression and anxiety using 15 brain structure change‐related PRS, life environmental factors and interactions of them as instrumental variables, and depression score or anxiety score as outcomes. Sex stratification in all analyses was performed to reveal sex‐specific differences in the interactions. We found 14 shared interactions related to both depression and anxiety in total sample, such as alcohol drinking × cerebellum white matter 3 (WM; beta = −.003, p = .018 for depression; beta = −003, p = .008 for anxiety) and maternal smoking × nucleus accumbens 2 (beta = .088, p = .002 for depression; beta = .070, p = .008 for anxiety). We also observed sex‐specific differences in the interactions, for instance, alcohol drinking × cerebellum WM 3 was negatively associated with depression and anxiety in males (beta = −.004, p = .020 for depression; beta = −.005, p = .002 for anxiety). Our study results reveal the important interactions between brain structure changes and several life environmental factors on depression and anxiety, which may help to explore the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety.
Psychological distress as a predictor of the burden of care in family caregivers of COVID‐19 patients in Iran: A community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad , Grimwood Samuel , Basirinezhad Mohammad Hasan , Montazeri Rasoul , Ebrahimi Hossein
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has profoundly affected millions worldwide, including family caregivers of COVID‐19 patients, in terms of caregiver burden and psychological distress. The present study aimed to evaluate the care burden and psychological distress among family caregivers, caring for a family member with COVID‐19.

Methods

The present study was performed with a cross‐sectional design in the Shahroud community, northeast Iran using the convenience sampling method. A total of 297 family caregivers of COVID‐19 patients were assessed using self‐report scales including the depression, anxiety, and stress scale‐21 and the Zarit burden interview to assess the symptoms of psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) and caregiver burden. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multivariate regression analysis).

Results

Factors such as self‐reported symptoms of depression (β = 0.920, p < 0.001) and anxiety (β = 0.712, p < 0.02) were significantly predicted care burden. Variables such as lower levels of education of the family member and caregivers and also the relationship between the caregiver and family member were additional predictive factors that aggravated the care burden.

Conclusion

Caregivers of a family member with COVID‐19 suffer significant levels of care burden that also results from psychological distress such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, appropriate psychoeducational interventions are highly recommended.
Longitudinal links between expressive flexibility and friendship quality in adolescence: The moderating effect of social anxiety
Authors: Wang Yingqian , Hawk Skyler T. , Branje Susan , Van Lissa Caspar J.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Expressive flexibility, or the ability to both up‐ and down‐regulate emotional expressions in social interactions, is thought as an indicator and a consequence of healthy interpersonal relationships. The present longitudinal study examined bidirectional associations between expressive flexibility and friendship quality in early adolescence. Since prior research found inconsistent results regarding the adaptiveness of expressive flexibility, which indicated the necessity to consider individual variability in the process, we further tested the potential moderating effect of social anxiety in the links from expressive flexibility to friendship quality.

Methods

Participants from two junior high schools in eastern China (N = 274; 50.4% female; Mage = 13.56) were surveyed at three time points with 6‐month intervals. Expressive flexibility, friendship quality, and social anxiety were all assessed via self‐reported scales.

Results

According to the cross‐lagged model results, friendship quality significantly predicted increased expressive flexibility over time. Conversely, the longitudinal association from expressive flexibility to friendship quality was not significant, but the interaction between expressive flexibility and social anxiety significantly predicted later friendship quality. Further analyses via the Johnson–Neyman technique revealed that expressive flexibility only positively predicted friendship quality for adolescents with lower levels of social anxiety.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that expressive flexibility is not always socially adaptive, so practical interventions that aim to improve youths' social adjustment via expressive flexibility training might need to consider the role of individual characteristics.
Surfactant administration in preterm babies (28–36 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome: LISA versus InSurE, an open‐label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mishra Aradhana , Joshi Amol , Londhe Atul , Deshmukh Laxmikant
Published: November 2022

Introduction

INtubate‐SURfactant‐Extubate (InSurE) approach is traditional method of surfactant delivery in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Newer, less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) techniques lessen the need for mechanical ventilation and its adverse consequences. Evidence on the favorable effects of LISA can't be extrapolated from developed to developing countries. Aim of study is to compare the effectiveness of InSurE and LISA.

Objectives

Primary outcome was to find need of intubation and mechanical ventilation within 72 h of birth. Neonates were followed until discharge/death for adverse events and complications.

Materials and Methods

Open‐label randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Preterm neonates with diagnosis of RDS were randomized in two groups (InSurE or LISA) to receive surfactant soon after birth. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) was used as primary mode of respiratory support.

Results

A total of 150 neonates were analyzed (75 in each group). Insignificant statistical difference was seen in the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation within 72 h of birth between the two groups (InSurE, 30 [40%] and LISA, 30 [40%], relative risk 1.0, 95% confidence interval 0.68–1.48). Twelve percent (n = 9, LISA group) and 14.6% (n = 11 InSurE group) had adverse events during the procedure. Also, we observed insignificant statistical difference in the rates of major complications or duration of respiratory support, hospital stay, and mortality.

Conclusion

LISA and InSurE are equally effectiSpontaneously breathing pretermve for surfactant administration in the treatment of RDS, when NIPPV is the primary mode of respiratory support. More RCTs are required to compare the efficacy and long‐term outcomes of LISA with InSurE.
Pectolinarigenin shows lipid‐lowering effects by inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lan Zhou , Zhang Kun , He Jianhui , Kang Qiong , Meng Wei , Wang Songhua
Published: November 2022

Pectolinarigenin is the main flavonoid compound and presents in Linaria vulgaris and Cirsium chanroenicum. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was applied to dissect the effect of pectolinarigenin on the transcriptome changes in the high lipid Huh‐7 cells induced by oleic acid. RNA‐seq results revealed that 15 pathways enriched by downregulated genes are associated with cell metabolism including cholesterol metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, etc. Moreover, 13 key genes related to lipid metabolism were selected. Among them, PPARG coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) were found to be upregulated, solute carrier family 27 member 1(SLC27A1), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), fatty‐acid synthase (FASN), 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methylglutaryl‐CoA Reductase (HMGCR), etc. were found to be downregulated. Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis were all significantly downregulated, according to gene set variation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. Besides, protein levels of FASN, ACACA, and SLC27A1 were all decreased, whereas PPARγ and CPT1A were increased. Docking models showed that PPARγ may be a target for pectolinarigenin. Furthermore, pectolinarigenin reduced serum TG and hepatic TG, and improved insulin sensitivity in vivo. Our findings suggest that pectolinarigenin may target PPARγ and prevent fatty acid biosynthesis.
Excellent Photocatalytic Activity of a Novel Hydroxyapatite Based Composite (ZnFe2O4/HAp‐Sn2+) Towards Degradation of Ofloxacin and Norfloxacin Antibiotics
Authors: Bharali Linkon , Kalita Juri , Dhar Siddhartha S. , Moyon N. Shaemningwar
Published: November 2022

Antibiotic contamination in wastewater has become a matter of great concern due to the rapid industrial progress. The majority of antibiotic pollution in the environment occurs due to the waste from animal farms, aquaculture, sewage from antibiotic factories and hospitals. Therefore, it is vital to develop efficient and ecologically friendly photocatalysts for the degradation of such pollutants. In this paper, we report synthesis of ZnFe2O4/HAp‐Sn2+, a novel nanocomposite by three‐step processes using hydrothermal treatment followed by calcination. The as‐synthesized composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), ultraviolet diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐DRS), polycrystalline (or power) X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as‐prepared composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity in the degradation of two antibiotics namely ofloxacin (OFL) and norfloxacin (NFL) under natural sunlight without use of any oxidizing or reducing agents. Scavenger studies were also carried out to ascertain the active radicals such as superoxide and hydroxyl radical during the photodegradation process.