bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Impact of the Synergic Line and the Strategy of Conception on Ti-6Al-4V Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process (WAAM-CMT)
Authors: Ayed Achraf , Bras Guénolé , Bernard Henri , Michaud Pierre , Balcaen Yannick , Alexis Joel
Published: January 2021

In additive manufacturing, technologies based on the fusion of a metallic wire using an electric arc represent an interesting alternative to current manufacturing processes, particularly for large metal parts, thanks to higher deposition rates and lower process costs than powder or wire-laser technologies. A versatile 3D printing device using a DED-W Arc (Direct Energy Deposition by wire-arc) station to melt a metallic filler wire is developed to build titanium parts by optimizing the process parameters and control the geometrical, metallurgical and the mechanical properties of produced parts. In this study, the impact of two different CMT synergic lines on the energetic and geometric behavior of Ti-6Al-4V single deposits is highlighted. These are related to first order parameters: wire feed speed (WFS) and travel speed (TS). The results show difference on energy, geometric of deposits and different deposition regime between these two law with identical process parameters. The second part of this study focuses on the transition from single deposits to walls and blocks. By first choosing the best set of process parameters to make the construction of thin walls (composed of stacked layers), and then the research the optimal horizontal step of deposition (overlapping) for thicker constructions, results obtained made it possible to validate transition from single deposits (1D) to thick walls (3D) without any weld pool collapse or lack of fusion.
15/15 Ti Stainless Steel Welding Process Optimization for GEN IV Nuclear Application in the GEMMA Project Frame
Authors: Barbieri Giuseppe , Cognini Francesco , Pilloni Luciano , Mirabile Gattia Daniele , Testani Claudio
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with activities carried out in the frame of GEMMA project on welded samples of 15/15 Ti stainless steel. The focus of GEMMA project has been on the investigation of material properties and associated welded joints for GEN IV nuclear plants. The RCC-MRx code uses the standard Base Metal Grade nomenclature (EN/ISO), but provides also additional specifications. Titanium stabilized “15-15Ti” stainless steel has been the primary choice for fuel cladding of current fast spectrum research reactor projects. The choice of cladding material is based on past experiences and the availability of material databases from similar steel grades proven in past sodium-cooled fast reactors programs [1-4]. On the basis of ENEA past experience, a strict specification has been written to realize a new heat treatment of this special stainless steel (SS). One of the main problems faced with this material is the high tendency to crack after the welding process. Several preliminary welding tests permitted to select TIG and laser welding processes for the 15/15 Ti SS. This fact because the main applications involve small thicknesses without filler material. The welding of the 15/15 Ti was performed using a fully automated TIG work station at ENEA CR-Casaccia. The base materials to evaluate the welding parameters were 15/15 Ti plates 100 X 170 X 3 mm welded under different shielding gas atmospheres and process parameters arrangements that permitted to obtain good quality joints avoiding catastrophic hot-cracking. The welded samples underwent a mechanical and metallographic characterization and the main results are here presented.
Adaption of 3D Printing for Rapid Tooling
Authors: Böhme Andrea , Nemak Detlef , Schütze Felix , Lietzau Kai Henning , Wolf Eckart , Foitzik Andreas H.
Published: January 2021

Over the course of the last decade 3D printing has become a more established technology in terms of prototype development (rapid prototyping). The current effort is focused on transferring this knowhow into a product driven approach in order to manufacture even small batch sizes more economic. In terms of this work, this idea is adapted for the development of injection molds (rapid manufacturing). Hereby, a hardened polymer is used to create a forming cavity instead of tool-steel. In order to fulfil the mechanical process requirements of micro injection molding such as form stability under temperature and pressure this cavity is nevertheless integrated into a metal housing. A first set of experiments has been carried out using this develop mold to verify the capabilities of the developed prototype as well as molding process. Based on these first results, an optimization is carried out to improve the next iteration of this molding tool.
Influence of Mn and Ni on Austenite Stabilization during a High Temperature Q&P Treatment
Authors: Eider Del Molino , Gutierrez Teresa , Serna-Ruiz Mónica , Arribas Maribel , Arlazarov Artem
Published: January 2021

The aim of this work was to study the influence of quenching and partitioning temperatures combined with various levels of Mn and Ni contents on the austenite stabilization along the quenching and partitioning (Q&P) cycle. Three steels with 2 wt.%, 4 wt.% and 6 wt.% manganese and one steel with 2 wt.% nickel content were investigated. Phase transformation temperatures and critical cooling rates were obtained experimentally using dilatometer for each alloy. Q&P cycles with different quenching and partitioning temperatures were also done in dilatometer, thus, allowing monitoring of the expansion/contraction during the whole Q&P cycle. Microstructure characterization was performed by means of a Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction to measure retained austenite content. It was found that, strongly depending on the Q&P conditions, austenite stabilization or decomposition occurs during partitioning and final cooling. In case of high partitioning temperature cycles, austenite reverse transformation was observed. Certain cycles resulted in a very effective austenite stabilization and interesting microstructure.
Revisiting the Ostwald Ripening: A Discrete Model Based on Multiple Pairwise Interactions
Authors: di Nunzio Paolo Emilio
Published: January 2021

A discrete multi-particle model of Ostwald ripening based on direct pairwise interactions between precipitates with incoherent interfaces is presented. Although based on the mean field concept, it is a valid alternative to the classical LSW theory. The main differences with respect to the classical approach can be summarized as follows: i) Particles interact the one another; ii) The first Fick’s law is considered to evaluate the fluxes of matter instead of the quasi stationary solution of the concentration field around particles; iii) The rate of matter exchange depends on the average surface-to-surface interparticle distance, a characteristic feature of the system which naturally incorporates the effect of volume fraction of second phase; iv) The multi-particle diffusion is described through the definition of an interaction volume containing all the particles involved in the exchange of solute. The model is in excellent agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. The shape of the quasi-stationary 3D particle size distribution of solid-solid and solid-liquid systems is well predicted from volume fractions of 0.07, 0.30, 0.52 and 0.74. Similarly, a very good prediction of the dependence of the kinetic constant of the coarsening process on the volume fraction of precipitates is obtained with reference to literature data on solid-liquid mixtures in the volume fraction range from 0.20 to about 0.75. For volume fractions below about 0.1 the model predicts broad and right-skewed stationary size distributions resembling a lognormal function. Above this value, a transition to sharper, more symmetrical but still right-skewed shapes occurs.
Performance of Vibration Power Generators Using Single Crystal and Polycrystal Magnetic Cores of Fe–Ga Alloys
Authors: Fujieda Shun , Gorai Naoki , Kawamata Toru , Simura Rayko , Fukuda Tsuguo , Suzuki Shigeru
Published: January 2021

The performance of a vibration power generator using a single crystal core of Fe–Ga alloy was compared with that of a generator using a Fe–Ga alloy polycrystal core with a similar Ga concentration. When the generator using the polycrystal core was forcibly vibrated by 1-G acceleration, the vibration frequency dependence of the open-circuit voltage showed a peak with a maximum value of about 0.14 V at the first resonance frequency due to the inverse magnetostrictive effect. On the other hand, the generator using a single crystal core with a <100> direction parallel to the external stress direction exhibited a maximum value of about 0.26 V, about two-times larger than that of the device using the polycrystal core. Consequently, a vibration energy generator using a single crystal core of Fe–Ga alloy has advantages in performance over a generator using a polycrystal core.
Multi-Class Grain Size Model for Forged Alloy 718 Aircraft Parts
Authors: Gruber Christian , Raninger Peter , Stockinger Martin , Bucher Christian
Published: January 2021

The evolution of microstructural features such as local grain size and local grain size distribution are essential in view of the final physical and mechanical properties of the nickel base alloy 718 for aircraft parts forged in a multi-step production route. Due to increasing standards and the need of the prediction of fracture mechanical properties, a multi-class grain size model for a more detailed microstructure prediction is necessary. Therefore, a multi-class model considers the real initial non-uniform grain size distribution and structure of the pre-material at the beginning of the forging process, which affects the evolution of grain sizes during thermo-mechanical treatment and leads to different results than commonly used uniform grain structures. The initial distribution is defined by grain classes according the ASTM standard. It is shown that the presence of different classes and distributions of grains are as import as the applied strain, strain rate and temperature on dynamic, meta-dynamic and static recrystallization. Additionally, dissolution processes of delta phase and grain growth kinetics are included in the model to properly indicate the recrystallized fractions and represent the resulting multi-class microstructure. A series of simulations with different initial distributions is discussed and compared with examined forged samples in terms of the resulting microstructure for typical forging parameters. Based on these results the microstructure model can be used in combination with collected process data to predict the resulting properties and for the design of new aircraft parts.
Iron Carbon Masteralloy as Sintering Activator for Low Alloy Powder Metallurgy Steels
Authors: Hojati Milad , Gierl-Mayer Christian , Danninger Herbert
Published: January 2021

In real industrial environment there is always a difference between ideal theoretical condition and real production condition which bears the risk of producing defective or low quality parts. Getting closer to this ideal situation requires more effort and investment which tends to increase the production cost. In the P/M production lines, the sintering stage is one of the most critical processes. Maintaining an open continuous sintering furnace in an ideal condition is a challenge, and this issue gets more pronounced when using alloy powder containing oxygen-sensitive elements such as Cr or Mn which provide good hardenability at low cost but on the other hand form stable oxides that weaken the sintering contacts if they are not reduced properly. In the present study, using a carbon master alloy as a sintering enhancer in the sintering process of Cr-Mo alloyed powder compacts has been investigated. For clearly depicting the effect of carbon master alloy addition on carbon dissolution and deoxidation, sintering was done in argon as inert atmosphere to avoid other reducing agents such as H2. The physical and mechanical properties of the sintered specimens were investigated, and thermal chemical analysis by DIL/MS and carbon/oxygen measurements were performed. The experiments showed that adding iron-carbon masteralloys promote the sintering processes such as reduction of oxides and carbon dissolution in the early stages of sintering, resulting in better properties after final sintering.
Orientation Analysis
Authors: Imhof Janos
Published: January 2021

Simple figures illustrate the basic concepts: orientation, Euler angles, Euler space, orientation density function, pole density function. The iteration that decisively influenced the development of orientation analysis follows directly from the relationship between the two density functions. The minimum principle defines the initial function and the structure of the iteration. Using model orientation density function, we prove that this kind of orientation analysis is extremely effective.
Post-Fire Performance of Square Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns under Uni-Axial Load
Authors: Thumrongvut Jaksada , Tipcharoen Apichat , Prathumwong Kamonwan
Published: January 2021

This paper presents experimental studies on the post-fire performance of concrete-filled steel tube (CSFT) columns under uni-axial load. The structural responses and axial load capacity of CSFT columns after exposure to elevated temperatures are investigated and discussed. All of the specimens are 750 mm in height, the nominal cross-section of the specimen is 150 mm x 150 mm, and have cylinder compressive strength of 18 MPa. The primary test parameters to be measured during the uni-axial compression test are wall thicknesses of the square tube (3.0 mm, 4.5 mm and 6.0 mm) and three different exposure to elevated temperatures (400°C, 600°C and 800°C). The results showed that the load-axial shortening relationship of the CSFT columns have a linear elastic response up to 80-90% of axial load capacity. After the axial load capacity is reached, the load-axial shortening curves are rarely becoming a nonlinear manner. It is also shown that the axial load capacity and ductility of the post-fire test columns are decreased significantly compared to the columns at ambient temperature, depending mainly on the elevated temperature. In addition, by comparing the axial load capacity of the test results with those obtained from the ACI design equation, the comparison results indicate that calculation formula in ACI code unconservative predicts the axial load capacity of the CSFT columns after exposure to elevated temperatures. Finally, the residual strength ratios are modified to both strength of concrete and steel tube under ambient temperature, and analyzed to evaluate the effect of post-fire behavior on the axial capacity of CFST columns.
Microstructure and Precipitation Studies of Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Haynes 282 Superalloy
Authors: Sivaji Karna , Phanikumar Gandham
Published: January 2021

Improvement in efficiency of energy conversion requires the use of high temperature materials in thermal power plants. This has led to the development of new γ' strengthened nickel based superalloy (Haynes 282). This alloy is used for advanced ultra-supercritical (AUSC) plants which are operated under the service conditions of 760 oC temperature and 35 MPa pressure. Bead on plate gas tungsten arc welding experiments were done with optimized process parameters. Thermal cycle in heat affected zone was measured by K-type thermocouple attached to a data acquisition system. Welding simulations were carried out in simufact welding® by using experimental parameters and thermal field was established. Base metal is characterized with γ solid solution and randomly distributed MC carbides. SEM results showed that the carbides are of MC type. The carbide precipitate distribution correlates with the segregation pattern during solidification of the weld.
Temperature Increase during Isothermal Forging of Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Cr-4Mo Alloy Using a 1500-Ton Forging Press
Authors: Kitashima Tomonori , Yoshida Yoshinori , Matsumoto Ryo
Published: January 2021

In this study, the temperature increase of the Ti-17 alloy (Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Cr–4Mo, wt.%) during isothermal forging in the (α + β) dual-phase region was investigated using large-size workpieces forged between hot dies in a 1500-ton forging press. The temperature increase was predicted using finite element analysis (FEA). The tip of a thermocouple was inserted into the center of the workpiece (diameter: 100 mm; height: 50 mm). The forging temperatures were 1023 K (750 °C) and 1073 K (800 °C) in the (α + β) dual-phase region. The strain rate was 0.05 s−1 and 0.5 s−1 at each temperature. Meanwhile, the compression percentage was 75%. The true stress–true strain curves were inversely obtained by fitting the load–stroke curves using the FEA. The predicted temperature was in a good agreement with that in the experimental results when the value of 1.0 was used as the conversion factor for plastic deformation energy to heat energy in the FEA under the current forging conditions. At the strain rate of 0.5 s−1, the temperature instantly increased to a β-transus temperature in 3 s at 1073 K (800 °C). In contrast, the temperature logarithmically increased at both 1023 K (750 °C) and 1073 K (800 °C) at 0.05 s−1 in 28 s (e.g., 42 K at 1023 K (750 °C)). The obtained true stress–true strain curves indicate that flow softening occurred during the forgings, which is attributed to dynamic recrystallization and/or dynamic recovery. The temperature increase in the Ti-17 alloy was smaller than that in the Ti–6Al–4V alloy under the same forging condition.
Reaction Sintering of Tial Intermetallic Compound
Authors: Kohama Yoshihiro , Kimura Masahiro , Shimizu Toru , Watari Hisaki
Published: January 2021

Improvement of fuel efficiency and reduction of carbon dioxide emission are important issues in the automotive and aviation industries. To achieve these issues, materials that are lightweight and have excellent heat resistance are required. For this reason, various alloys have been proposed. Among them, TiAl intermetallic compounds have excellent low specific gravity and high strength at high temperature. However, TiAl is difficult for machining and easily oxidized, so casting is difficult. For this reason, a method using reaction sintering has been studied, though it is difficult to obtain low oxygen concentration TiAl alloy powder. Therefore, the process to produce TiAl parts from Ti powder and Al powder is studied. However, in this method, when a mixed powder of Ti and Al is sintered, a phenomenon called ignition with a rapid temperature increasing may occurs, and ignited parts are swelling and becomes high porosity.
Comprehensive Phase Field Study on Directionally-Solidified MoSi2/Mo5Si3 Eutectic Alloy
Authors: Zhu Chuan Qi , Yamamoto Jimpei , Koizumi Yuichiro , Yuge Koretaka , Kishida Kyosuke , Inui Haruyuki
Published: January 2021

MoSi2/Mo5Si3 eutectic composites have been considered as one of the promising candidates for ultra-high temperature structural applications owing to their high melting point, good oxidation resistance, and low mass density. Their mechanical properties can be improved by controlling the eutectic structure (i.e. script lamellar structure) in directional solidification. It is important to elucidate the dominant factors underlining the unique pattern formation. We conducted a comprehensive phase field study to examine the influence of various factors on the MoSi2/Mo5Si3 eutectic microstructure with complicated morphology. First, the inclined lamellae have been attributed to the minimization of elastic strain energy due to the lattice mismatch between MoSi2 and Mo5Si3, which are partially relaxed by forming semi-coherent phase boundaries. Second, the maze-like pattern on the horizontal cross-section appeared when a two-fold anisotropy of interfacial energy is superimposed on the MoSi2/Mo5Si3 boundary. Third, the random and intersected lamellae have been obtained by assuming the instability of the solid-liquid interface and introducing successive nucleation of Mo5Si3 phase. These findings provide guidance for manipulating the eutectic structure and act as footsteps for further theoretical investigation.
Electron Beam Melting: From Shape Freedom to Material Properties Control at Macro- and Microscale
Authors: Koptyug Andrey , Botero Carlos , Sjöström William , Bäckström Mikael , Rännar Lars Erik , Tremsin Anton S.
Published: January 2021

Electron beam melting (EBM) is one of the constantly developing powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing technologies (AM) offering advanced control over the manufacturing process. Development of the additive manufacturing today is targeting both widening of the available materials classes, and introducing new manufacturing modalities. Present research is related to the new possibilities in tailoring different properties within additively manufactured components effectively adding “fourth dimension to the 3D-printing”. Through manipulating beam energy deposition (scanning strategy) it is possible to tailor quite different material properties selectively within each manufactured component, including crystalline and amorphous state, effective material density, as well as mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic properties. With the blends of precursor powder, it is also possible to acquire by choice both metal-metal composite and completely alloyed material. Specific examples are given in relation to the EBM, but majority of the conclusions are valid for the other PBF techniques as well.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the UFG Magnesium Alloy Mg-1%Ca
Authors: Kulyasova Olya B. , Islamgaliev Rinat K. , Lin Hsin Chih , Yilmazer Hakan
Published: January 2021

The influence of grain refinement by high pressure torsion (HPT) on microstructure of the Mg-1%Ca alloy was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. To The microhardness measurements and tensile tests of small samples were used to determine the mechanical properties of UFG samples. It was found that a uniform structure with an average grain size of 210 nm processed by HPT lead to high microhardness equal to 100 HV. Investigations of thermal stability demonstrated that additional heat treatment of the UFG samples at 250 oC provides good combination of high strength of 245 MPa and ductility of 4%.
Analysis of the Applicability of Effective Thermophysical Properties to Composite Phase Change Materials
Authors: Li Zi Wei , Gariboldi Elisabetta
Published: January 2021

Coarse form-stable phase change materials (FS-PCMs) can tailor the properties of pure PCMs. This is often attained by the presence of high-melting, high-thermal conductivity metallic phase which enhances the thermal energy storage/release. The evaluation of the thermal response of these composite materials in unsteady conditions, is not an easy task, and simplifications introduced to deal with them must be carefully considered. A set of FS-PCMs of prismatic geometry with polymeric wax as PCM and an Al foam with various pore sizes, modelled as BCC lattice has been considered in this paper. The thermal response under a set of boundary conditions with constant heat flux at the bottom surface, all other being adiabatic, was investigated both by direct simulations approach modelling the two phases and the ‘1-temperature model’, which considers the material as homogeneous and characterized by a proper set of effective properties. The ‘1-temperature model’ is able to closely reproduce the whole the local thermal history only within certain validity ranges, even if it can well reproduce the ‘average’ energy storage due to the transformation of the PCM phase.
Evolution of Carbides during Prestrain and Tempering
Authors: Ding Wen Hong , Jiang Bo , Zhang Chao Lei , Liu Ya Zheng , Sun Li , Liu Tian Wu , Zhang Zhi Qiang , Pan Jin
Published: January 2021

The effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on the microstructural evolution of low carbon micro-alloyed high strength steel was studied by combining prestrain with tempering (PST) in this paper. It was found that the prestrain causes the dislocation to plug up around the grain boundary and carbide, resulting in carbide boundary fragmentation. Moreover, it breaks the thermo-dynamic equilibrium between the matrix and carbide, induces the dissolution of carbon in the high energy state, and then changes the distribution of carbon in the matrix. In the subsequent tempering process, the precipitation regularity of carbide was changed, which promoted the precipitation carbide at low temperature. The influence of carbide precipitation on dislocation can be divided into two stages: the first stage was precipitation induced creep, which promoted stress relaxation; the second stage was precipitation pinning dislocation, which improved material strength and inhibited stress relaxation.
Modelling of Cyclic Delamination Behavior of Thin Multilayered Structures Using Gradient Elasticity and Damage Accumulation
Authors: Lederer Martin , Walter Thomas , Khatibi Golta
Published: January 2021

Cyclic delamination experiments with multilayered structures were performed in four point bending mode using a central notch for crack initiation. In a preceding study, the propagation of the delaminating cracks could be interpreted on the basis of the Paris law. In order to obtain more insight into the mechanisms of fatigue and crack propagation, FEM simulations of the experiments were conducted. The material models used in the simulation involve strain gradient elasticity, kinematic hardening plasticity and creep. Following the concept of damage mechanics, the crack propagation rate of delamination was related to the inelastic strain accumulated per loading cycle. Thereby, singularities of stresses and strain at the crack tip were suppressed by the regularizing effect of strain gradient elasticity.
Detonation Spraying of Metal Carbides Composites
Authors: Ulianitsky Vladimir , Shtertser Alexandr , Batraev Igor , Doubenskaia Maria , Smurov Igor
Published: January 2021

Detonation spraying is used for the binary fuel spraying, C2H2/C3H8/O2 of WC/Co and Cr3C2/NiCr powder. The particles-in-flight temperature and velocity are calculated and optimized. Spraying distance is varied from 50 to 400 mm and substrate inclination relatively spraying direction is varied up to 60o. Coating properties: microstructure, microhardness, porosity, wear resistance are measured and it is found that binary fuel detonation spraying provides high coating quality. For example, for the WC/Co (88/12 wt%) coatings: porosity is less than 0.7%; microhardness is about 1500 HV300; ASTM G65 abrasion wear is 1.17 mm3/1000 rev when using a corundum powder as an abradant. For the Cr3C2/NiCr (75/25 wt%) coatings porosity is less than 1.7%, microhardness is about 800 HV300, and abrasion wear is 2.7 mm3/1000 rev. It is found that the coating performance does not decrease strongly with the substrate inclination up to 30o. The industrial applications include machinery, aircraft, petrol, gas turbines domains, etc.
Intravascular lithotripsy to treat an underexpanded coronary stent during index procedure: A case report study
Authors: Seif Sherif , Kumar Abhishek , Arya Sanjay , Karthikeyan Vellore J.
Published: January 2021

Management of heavily calcified lesions during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often associated with high incidence of complications and long-term adverse outcomes. There is growing evidence of the efficacy of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) in de novo coronary lesion preparation; however, little experience has been documented within freshly deployed stent underexpansion. We report a 66-year-old male with a marked stent underexpansion despite extensive lesion preparation due to severe underlying calcification. The stent was resistant to balloon postdilatation; therefore, IVL was applied, resulting in excellent stent expansion. IVL could be considered for treating acute stent underexpansion caused by severe underlying calcification.
Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing pattern in pediatrics in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mathew Rinta , Sayyed Humera , Behera Subhashree , Maleki Keemya , Pawar Sunita
Published: January 2021

Background: The irrational use of antibiotics is a global issue and it can lead to morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. Hence, proper use of antibiotics is imperative and should be included in the pharmaceutical care plan. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics for children using WHO core prescribing indicators. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried for 6 months in the pediatric department at a tertiary care hospital, Pune. The WHO prescribing indicators were used to evaluate the prescriptions, and the ideal WHO range was considered as a determining factor for rational prescription. Results: A total of 302 patients were included in the study, with a mean patient age of 4.92 ± 4 years. The average number of drugs per encounter was 6.12 (WHO standard is less than 2). The percentage of antibiotics prescribed was 26.3% with an average of 1.63 antibiotics per prescription. Of the 493 antibiotics, 85.59% were injectable which is higher than the WHO standard of 13.4–24.1%. A near-optimal value of 99.59% antibiotics was prescribed from the hospital formulary which is similar to WHO standards, and the antibiotics prescribed with generic names were 25.76%. The most common class of antibiotics prescribed were cephalosporins and penicillins. Conclusion: Polypharmacy, high injectable use, and non-adherence to generic prescription were common in our tertiary care center. Continuous audits, training, and new treatment protocols are recommended.
Estimating Serum Vitamin D Levels and Assessing its Influencing Factors among Antenatal Women in a South Indian Town-Kumbakonam Urban Rural Epidemiological Study
Authors: Suchitra M. R. , Shanthi T. S. , S Balachandar. , Parthasarathy S.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Adequate antenatal Vitamin D intake is essential for maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and avoidance of adverse outcomes. The normal and abnormal concentrations are not well established in the different parts of the world with varying customs in life. We intended to estimate the normal random serum Vitamin D levels among antenatal mothers in the first trimester and whether factors such as age, weight, and religion have any influence on the same.

Materials and Methods:

In this epidemiological study of 644 parturients, we collected the blood samples from asymptomatic antenatal mothers in the first trimester. A simple convenient sample of mothers on no other supplements except folate was selected. The present study was done from April 2019 to March 2020 after individual informed consent and ethical clearance. The factors such as age, weight, type of diet, occupation, and religion were noted. The estimation of Vitamin D3 levels was done by the well described chemiluminescent technique. A value of <20 ng/ml was defined as deficient. Student t-tests, analysis of variance, and correlation tests were done accordingly to find out the influence of the above factors on the level.

Results:

83.7% of all women were deficient in Vitamin D3, if the level of 20 ng/ml was taken as cutoff. The mean Vitamin D3 level was 14.57 ± 6.73 ng/ml. Religion wise, the mean Vitamin D3 was 16.63 ng/ml in Hindus (sample – 402/644), 10.55 ng/ml in Muslims (sample – 207/644), 14.27 ng/ml in Christians (sample – 16/644), and 15.08 ng/ml in others (sample – 19/644). There was a significant reduction in the levels of Vitamin D in Muslim women. There is no influence of age, weight, or dietary pattern.

Conclusion:

A majority of Indian pregnant women were deficient in Vitamin D3, worse among Muslims. We conclude that lifestyle changes with more exposure to sunlight should be suggested to all women in the reproductive age group to circumvent the problem. Health education on these lines should be imparted to them.
Chagas Disease Vectors of Espírito Santo, Brazil: First Report of Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Hemiptera, Triatominae) in the Brazilian State and Development of an Identification Key Based on Cytogenetic Data
Authors: de Oliveira Jader , da Rosa João Aristeu , Alevi Kaio Cesar Chaboli
Published: January 2021

Chagas disease is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted, mainly, by hematophagous insects of the Triatominae subfamily. In Brazil, there are currently about 66 triatomine species distributed throughout the country’s 27 states. Triatoma infestans is considered as a species of great vectorial importance, mainly because of its biological characteristics, such as the high degree of anthropophilia, adaptation to the home environment, ability to withstand long periods of fasting, and present a wide geographical distribution. Taking into account the epidemiological importance of these species, we carried out the first report of T. infestans in the Espírito Santo, Brazil, and development of an identification key for all species notified in that state, based on cytogenetic data. This information is important because they contribute to the direction of epidemiological surveillance activities carried out by vector control programs of the Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Gametocytemia in a Pre-Elimination, Low Malaria Transmission Setting in Southern Zambia
Authors: Kobayashi Tamaki , Kurani Shaheen , Hamapumbu Harry , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Thuma Philip E. , Moss William J. , _ _
Published: January 2021

The WHO recommends single low-dose (SLD) primaquine as a gametocytocide to reduce Plasmodium falciparum transmission in areas of low transmission. Despite this recommendation, uptake of SLD primaquine has been low because of concerns of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Individuals with G6PD deficiency can experience hemolysis when exposed to primaquine. In Southern Province, Zambia, malaria transmission has declined significantly over the past decade. Single low-dose primaquine may be an effective tool, but there is limited information on G6PD deficiency. We screened 137 residents in Macha, Southern Province, Zambia, and the prevalence of G6PD (A−) was 15%. We also revisited data collected from 2008 to 2013 in the same area and found the highest gametocyte burden among those aged 5–15 years. The findings from this study suggest that SLD primaquine targeted to school-aged children may be an effective tool to help achieve malaria elimination in southern Zambia.
Quelling the Boredom with Alternative Instruction: Augmented Reality, Escape Kits, and Scavenger Hunts
Authors: Johnson Karlie Loren , Westbrooks Kimberly
Published: January 2021

From 2016-2019, Jacksonville State University (JSU) librarians embraced the call to incorporate increased active learning into traditional library information instruction. Librarians began this process by integrating the use of a scavenger hunt into the Houston Cole Library’s new orientation tailgate event. Breakout EDU Escape Room kits with a custom-built storyline were added to teach basic research skills and help lessen library anxiety in First Year Freshman Experience courses. Augmented reality (AR) was incorporated into Business Orientation classes to increase student understanding of specialized business information resources. These activities helped librarians fulfill Houston Cole Library’s mission of creating a student-driven learning environment focusing on the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) information literacy framework. The research, planning, and implementation processes involved in the initiation of scavenger hunts, escape activities, and AR interactive stories at JSU have numerous applications across all educational levels and disciplinary focuses.
Authenticating user while Performing Transaction
at ATM/POS using Hand Gestures
Authors: Vishisht Chhabra and Jyoti Verma Rahul Gupta, Keshav Choudhary, Sagar Kashyap
Published: January 2021

This electronic document defines the use of Vision-based technology for authentication at ATM/POS while
performing a transaction.
It makes use of Hand Gestures which are conveyed through finger position and shape of a palm, which
helps in entering the ATM pin through gestures of the hand.
The hand gestures are being detected using OpenCV, python 3.7.
A High-uality camera and well-lit background are required for proper detection of hand position.
This Paper will propose to develop a hand gesture recognition system for safely performing a transaction at
ATM/POS.
Automatic Summarization of Cricket Highlights
using Audio Processing
Authors: Ritwik Baranwal
Published: January 2021

The problem of automatic excitement detection in cricket videos is considered and applied for highlight
generation. This paper focuses on detecting exciting events in video using complementary information from
the audio and video domains. First, a method of audio and video elements separation is proposed.
Thereafter, the “level-of-excitement” is measured using features such as amplitude, and spectral center of
gravity extracted from the commentators speech’s amplitude to decide the threshold. Our experiments using
actual cricket videos show that these features are well correlated with human assessment of excitability.
Finally, audio/video information is fused according to time-order scenes which has “excitability” in order to
generate highlights of cricket. The techniques described in this paper are generic and applicable to a variety
of topic and video/acoustic domains.
A New Monogenean-ectoparasites Silurodescoides
srivastavai n.sp. From Edible Fresh-water Cat Fish
Wallago attu of District Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh,
India.
Authors: Surya Prakash Mishra
Published: January 2021

The fresh-water fish Wallago attu (Bloch. And Schn.) was collected from local fish market of district
Balrampur (U.P.) and examined 15 specimens, of which only one specimen was found infected with 17
specimens of said species. The site of infection being the gill filaments of the host. The present form differs
from S. devraji, S. malabaricus and S.parvulus in having accessory pieces on dorsal anchors and presence of
wings on dorsal anchors. Moreover, it differs from S. indicus, S octolytus, S. aori and S. sudhakari in having
cephalic glands and different shape of copulatory complex and vagina. On subsequent study, the present
form appear to be a new species of the genus Silurodescoides Gussev, 1974 and described as a new species
and named Silurodescoides srivastavai n. sp. in the honor of Dr. C.B. Srivastava, Ex. Dy. Director,
Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata.
Pneumonia Detection Using Convolutional
Neural Networks
Authors: Puneet Gupta
Published: January 2021

Abstract— Pneumonia is a life-threatening infectious disease affecting one or both lungs in humans
commonly caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae. One in three deaths in India is caused due
to pneumonia as reported by World Health Organization (WHO). Chest X-Rays which are used to diagnose
pneumonia, need expert radiotherapists for evaluation. Thus, developing an automatic system for detecting
pneumonia would be beneficial for treating the disease without any delay particularly in remote areas. Due
to the success of deep learning algorithms in analyzing medical images, Convolutional Neural Networks
(CNNs) have gained much attention for disease classification. In addition, features learned by pre-trained
CNN models on large-scale datasets are much useful in image classification tasks. In this work, we appraise
the functionality of pre-trained CNN models utilized as feature-extractors followed by different classifiers for
the classification of abnormal and normal chest X-Rays. We analytically determine the optimal CNN model
for the purpose. Statistical results obtained demonstrates that pretrained CNN models employed along with
supervised classifier algorithms can be very beneficial in analyzing chest X-ray images, specifically to detect
Pneumonia. In this project Transfer learning and a CNN Model is used to detect whether the person has
pneumonia or not using chest x-ray.
O POTENCIAL DE VIOLAÇÃO DE DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS NO DIRECIONAMENTO DE ANÚNCIOS FEITO POR ALGORITMOS ONLINE
Authors: Bastos Bruna , Ende Luiza Berger von
Published: January 2021

A utilização de algoritmos como ferramentas capazes de personalizar a experiência do usuário na internet a partir da coleta e da análise dos seus dados pessoais é o que possibilita o direcionamento de anúncios, tendo em vista que essa individualização leva em consideração o perfil e as preferências de cada indivíduo. Entretanto, alguns dos anúncios carregam consigo preconceitos e concepções discriminatórias, e o próprio direcionamento, realizado por algoritmos, pode incorrer em violações da privacidade dos usuários. Assim, questiona-se: é possível perceber violações de direitos fundamentais no direcionamento de anúncios na internet feito por algoritmos? Utiliza-se o método de abordagem dedutivo e os de procedimento monográfico e funcionalista, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A partir da pesquisa pôde-se perceber que os direitos fundamentais dos usuários das plataformas digitais são violados na medida em que o traçamento de seu perfil é feito mediante violação de sua privacidade, e o direcionamento de anúncios ferem a dignidade, a igualdade e a não discriminação enquanto propagam estereótipos e diferenciam grupos sociais já marginalizados, reduzindo oportunidades e limitando escolhas no ambiente digital.
Los riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo doméstico y de cuidados
Authors: Correa Carrasco Manuel
Published: January 2021

En el ámbito del empleo doméstico, son recurrentes las alusiones a las particularidades del lugar de trabajo, en tanto que domicilio particular del empleador, como motivo principal del menor nivel de protección jurídica que, en términos comparativos, caracteriza a su regulación específica, así como las persistentes e insalvables dificultades para avanzar en una pretendida equiparación con el resto de los trabajadores. En este sentido, son diversos, y muy relevantes, los aspectos sobre los que incide este tratamiento peyorativo, pero no cabe duda de que es la esfera de la salud laboral la que presenta uno de los mayores flancos abiertos a la crítica. Concretamente, al margen de los importantes riesgos físicos a los que están expuestos en el ejercicio de su labor, destaca la especial incidencia en estos trabajadores de los riesgos de naturaleza psicosocial, como revela el elevado índice de deterioro de la salud mental que se observa, mucho mayor que en otros sectores de actividad. El actual marco normativo, sin embargo, se muestra claramente insuficiente para afrontar esta problemática, pues se inhibe a la hora de articular una respuesta adecuada a los retos planteados en el ámbito preventivo. Por tanto, sólo mediante las reformas normativas que tuvieran como referente la simultánea aplicación de los Convenios OIT 189 y 190, podría aventurarse una mejora en el diseño de mecanismos efectivos de protección jurídica con capacidad para preservar la salud mental de este relevante colectivo de trabajadores.
Presentación
Authors: Quintero Lima María Gema
Published: January 2021

Presentación Segunda Parte. Fin de la segunda etapa del Seminario Permanente de Servicio Doméstico
Craneofaringioma adamantinomatoso.
Authors: Fuenmayor Duche Tatiana Carolina , Quintanilla Chrystin , Bottani Laura
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El propósito de este artículo es describir las principales manifestaciones clínicas, método diagnóstico y tratamiento de elección de una neoplasia intracraneal primaria rara de origen epitelial, benigno con su variante adamantinomatosa propia de la edad pediátrica que es diagnosticada con mayor frecuencia en rangos de edad de 5 a14 años según refiere la revisión de literatura científica internacional. Caso clínico: Se reporta un caso en el cual la paciente no se encuentra dentro de los picos de edad  en los que con mayor frecuencia se realiza el diagnóstico de Craneofaringioma adamantinomatoso, es una paciente femenina de  17 años con cefalea y dismenorrea de 6 meses de evolución acompañado de hemianopsia bitemporal  que fue sometida a cirugía craneal abierta por abordaje pterional derecho con resección subtotal  de la lesión que además se colocó shunt ventrículo peritoneal por hidrocefalia tetraventricular obstructiva que  fue desarrollada al año de la cirugía. Conclusiones: La  clínica coincide con los síntomas descritos y atribuibles a la compresión y extensión hacia estructuras adyacentes, su presentación fue de lenta evolución, la imagen fue característica de esta  variante histológica pediátrica. A pesar de ser una entidad de histología benigna es agresiva por su invasión a estructuras profundas y autonómicas provocando una historia natural incierta y con gran probabilidad de comorbilidades que pueden ser mayores con tratamientos quirúrgicos agresivos.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DIPADUKAN DENGAN STRATEGI INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA STKIP PEMBANGUNAN INDONESIA
Authors: Prasetyo Moh. Mulyadi
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) aktivitas mahasiswa yang diajar dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD yang dipadu strategi inkuiri terbimbing, (2) hasil belajar siswa yang diajar dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD yang dipadu strategi inkuiri terbimbing, (3) pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD yang dipadu strategi inkuiri terbimbing terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa dan (4) pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD yang dipadu strategi inkuiri terbimbing terhadap hasil belajar siswa melalui aktivitas siswa. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi experiment). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa STKIP PI. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik random class. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi aktivitas mahasiswa dan tes hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) aktivitas mahasiswa berada pada kategori sangat aktif; (2) hasil belajar berada pada kategori tinggi; (3) penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD yang dipadu strategi inkuiri terbimbing berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa dan (4) penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD yang dipadu strategi inkuiri terbimbing berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap hasil belajar melalui aktivitas mahasiswa.
ANALISIS STUDI KELAYAKAN BISNIS USAHA WARALABA DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN “ALPOKATKOCOK_DOUBIG” DI MAKASSAR
Authors: Faradiba Besse , Musmulyadi Musmulyadi
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kelayakan investasi pengembangan usaha Alpokatkocok_Duobig sebelum menjalankan usaha untuk meminimalisirkan resiko kedepannya , dengan menggunakan metode analisis kelayakan pada aspek pasar pemasaran, aspek manajemen sumberdaya manusia, aspek teknis dan teknologi, aspek hukum, aspek keuangan berupa Analisa kelayakan investasi payback period (PP), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value(NPV) dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR) untuk mencari tingkat bunga. Pada penelitian ini teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penentuan sampel adalah non random sampling dan convenience sampling dengan kuota atau proporsional Berdasarkan dengan Analisa kelayakan bisnis di peroleh hasil Payback Period lebih cepat dari umur ekonomis pengembalian modal. BCR yang menunjukkan memberikan keuntungan, NPV bernilai positif lebih besar dari tingkat bunga yang telah di tetapkan sehingga usaha ini layak untuk di jalankan. Kemudian untuk dalam segi pemasaran dimana citra merek terdapat pengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahu variable lain yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian pada studi kelayakan bisnis ini.