bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospect of Criminal Anthropology
Authors: Ellis Havelock
Published: August 2008

H. H. Holmes (or, to call him by his real name, Herman Webster Mudgett), a qualified practitioner of medicine, whose extraordinary career of crime attracted world-wide attention and has caused his name to be coupled with that of Wainewright, was during the last days before his execution carefully studied by Professor Arthur MacDonald and Dr. E. S. Talbot (MacDonald, “Criminological Studies,” Report of the Commissioner of Education, Washington, 1896; Talbot, “H. H. Holmes,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Aug. 1, 1896). The case is one of so much importance that it is worth while to summarise the reports of these two experienced investigators.
On some points concerning the Degeneration of the Neuron
Authors: Mott F. W.
Published: August 2008

Dr. Mott gave a demonstration by means of lantern slides and microscopical specimens to illustrate “some points concerning the degeneration of the neuron.”

He pointed out that the “neuron” must be considered as a very complex cell with processes, of which, as Golgi had maintained, one is the neuraxon or axis cylinder process, the others dendrons. The dendrons receive the impulse which, passing through the cell, is conveyed to the neuraxon. Every neuron is an independent protoplasmic unit, anatomically distinct, in contiguity with other neurons, but not in continuity.
Visits to Danish Asylums for the Feeble-Minded, and other Institutions
Authors: Ireland William W.
Published: August 2008

The desire of visiting the institutions in Denmark for the education of the defective classes was aroused in me by the praises bestowed upon them by my friend Jakob Soethre and Dr. Frederick Starr.∗ I knew that they were both men well fitted to judge correctly, and not likely to be misled by appearances, which are often deceptive and sometimes are meant to be so. What indeed struck me was the statement that there was no attempt at show in the Danish Asylums. They must, therefore, I thought, depend upon their intrinsic merits. I crossed the North Sea from Hull to Amsterdam in the “Professor Buys,” a route which I can recommend for those who prefer a short sea passage. I travelled through Northern Germany, stopping with some friends at Bremen, where I visited several institutions. In the beginning of July I reached Copenhagen, and soon got into communication with my friend, A. Friis, the Medical Superintendent of the Custodial Asylum for Imbeciles at Ebberödgaard. Besides his eminent qualities as a physician and a man of literary culture, Dr. Friis has the especial merit of speaking English fluently, and, through his kind attentions, I escaped the difficulties and perplexities to which I should have been otherwise exposed.
An Analysis of 131 Male Criminal Lunatics admitted to the West Riding Asylum, Wakefield, during the years 1884–1896, inclusive. Being a Graduation Thesis presented to the University of Edinburgh.∗
Authors: Hearder Frederic P.
Published: August 2008

The period chosen is from the introduction of “The Criminal Lunatics Act, 1884,” to the end of the year 1896, and male cases only are considered.
A Case of Concussion of the Brain simulating Delirium Tremens
Authors: Ambler J. R.
Published: August 2008

A man, aged 50, was admitted on 4th October and died 15th October, 1897. The medical certificate stated that he was suffering from delirium tremens.
Certain Physical Signs in Melancholia
Authors: Stoddart W. H. B.
Published: August 2008

There is but one important preliminary to my paper. It is that I wish to take this opportunity of expressing my most sincere thanks to the medical officers of Bethlem Hospital (Dr. Percy Smith, Dr. Hyslop, and Dr. Craig) for their great kindness and courtesy in putting every facility in my way while I was making the following observations, for the interest which they took in my work, and for the valuable suggestions which they so willingly afforded me from time to time.
Heredity in Relation to Mental Disease
Authors: Farquharson W. F.
Published: August 2008

In the following paper, dealing with the hereditary transmission of mental disease, my conclusions are based on a statistical review of 1200 cases of hereditary insanity admitted into the Cumberland and Westmorland Asylum during a period of thirty years (1865—1895). So far as I can ascertain, no analysis of such a large number of cases of hereditary insanity has hitherto been made by any one observer; there is, therefore, ground for the hope that results of value may accrue from such an investigation. One of the most important contributions to this subject is contained in a paper∗ by the late Dr. Hugh Grainger Stewart, which appeared in the Journal of Mental Science in 1864. That paper was based on the statistics of 447 hereditary cases admitted into the Crichton Royal Institution, Dumfries; the patients belonged mainly to the middle and upper classes of society, with a smaller number of pauper cases. The cases I propose to analyse were almost entirely paupers admitted from the general population of Cumberland and Westmorland. Private patients often come to an asylum from a considerable distance, and from beyond the limits of the district in which the asylum is situated; inferences drawn from the tabulation of such cases are scarcely likely to give so reliable a picture of the features of insanity in any district as when the cases analysed stand for almost the entire insane population of all the districts from which the patients come.
Italy
Authors: Robertson W. Ford
Published: August 2008

Bacteriological Researches in Acute Delirium.—The question of the relation of certain forms of acute mania to bacterial infection is one that has lately been brought prominently forward in this country. A recent paper by Ceni (Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria, 1897, Fasc. iv, p. 796), in which the observations that have been made upon the subject on the Continent are somewhat fully reviewed, may therefore merit notice here at some length.
Sewage Disposal at Hawkhead Asylum
Authors: Watson W. R.
Published: August 2008

The bacterial disposal of sewage has been so widely discussed during the past year or two, that possibly some apology is due to the Association for the introduction of a subject that has ceased to be novel. So far as Hawkhead Asylum is concerned the subject is still in the experimental stage, and the brief outline of the experiment contained in the following communication is the outcome of a correspondence with some of my friends who suggested that the question is not without interest to asylum superintendents.
The Correlation of Sciences in Psychiatric and Neurological Research
Authors: Van Giesen Ira
Published: August 2008

Before this body it is unnecessary to revert to the inadequacy of conducting scientific investigations in psychiatry along the restricted plan of confining the research to material found within the asylum by some one exclusive department of investigation, such as the routine governed and mechanical methods of microscopical research. This restricted plan has largely governed psychiatric research up to the present time. Now, however, that many of the sciences tributary to psychiatry have attained a growth and capacity to be of service in psychiatric research, the restricted plan of research may be relegated to the past.
The Inadequate Asylum Provision for the Insane Immediately above the Pauper Class
Authors: Bower David
Published: August 2008

During a period of nearly twenty years' management of a private asylum for middle-class patients, and a like period of consultation practice in our specialty, I have had constantly brought to my notice the difficulty—very often, indeed, the impossibility—of finding proper accommodation for insane patients unable to pay fees of more than fifteen to twenty-five shillings per week, and the difficulty has vastly increased with the increasing numbers of pauper lunatics who now crowd out the already very small number of private patients provided for in county and borough asylums.
Lunacy in Private Practice
Authors: Bristowe H. C.
Published: August 2008

I desire to-day to show, to some extent, the difficulties the general practitioner of medicine has to contend with in the treatment of lunacy; difficulties certainly unknown in public asylums, and only partially appreciated in private institutions.
Unna's Polychrome Methylene Blue Method
Authors: Clinch T. Aldous
Published: August 2008

In the Neurologisches Centralblatt for July 15th, 1898, Drs. Luithleu and Sorgo describe a method of staining the central nervous system, which at that time I believed to be new. However, Dr. Wright, in the summer number of Brain for the same year, and therefore about the same time, referred to, without describing the same method, so that it is obvious that it had already claimed some attention from neurologists.
The Brabazon Scheme in an Asylum; History of its Introduction, and Record of a Years Working
Authors: Marr Hamilton C.
Published: August 2008

In 1880 Lady Brabazon, now the Countess of Meath, offered a grant of money for materials to any workhouse or infirmary that would try her scheme. The scheme consists in teaching infirm and crippled inmates of workhouses to employ their idle hands usefully, and in this way “beguile many a weary hour, and add zest to their lives.” Carlyle's picturesque tourist well describes the condition of many a workhouse inmate: “They sat there near by one another, but in a kind of torpor, especially in a silence, which was very striking. In silence! for what word was to be said—an earth all lying round, crying, ‘Come and till me,’ ‘Come and reap me?’ Yet we sit here enchanted, we know not why. In the eyes and brows of many of these men hung the gloomiest expression—not of anger, but of grief and shame, and manifold inarticulate distress and weariness.”
Are Punitive Measures Justifiable in Asylums?
Authors: Drapes Thomas
Published: August 2008

The subject of this paper is but a small part of a very much greater question—the responsibility of the insane. The query embodied in its title is one which, at the present day, it would seem necessary to propound with bated breath. To the minds of many very eminent persons, no doubt, the very fact of such a question being raised at all would indicate a want of sanity on the part of the querist who was rash enough to propose it for discussion. And yet the diversity of view, which is only too evident when the subject of the “responsibility of the insane” is brought before any assembly of alienists, shows that opinion on this matter is still very unsettled, and we seem to be as far from finality as ever. In proof of this I need only refer to the discussion on Dr. Reginald Noott's paper at the general meeting of the Association in London in October last, reported in the January number of the Journal of Mental Science.
The Physical Signs of Insanity
Authors: Crookshank F. Graham
Published: August 2008

It is disappointing to anyone trained in modern clinical methods, and accustomed to hear alienists urge with so much insistence that insanity is a brain disease, to find so little apparent attention paid to what may be called the physical signs of insanity.
The Feelings
Authors: Campbell Harry
Published: August 2008

It is convenient to regard the mental part of man, or his ego, as being made up of feeling, will, and thought. Feeling I place first, because it takes precedence in evolution, and because it may be said to constitute the foundation of mind.
The New Psychology
Authors: Maudsley Henry
Published: August 2008

My choice of subject for this address has not been altogether fortunate, and what I have to say will need your indulgence. Having fixed the subject hastily when I had the honour to receive your secretary's invitation, I soon found, on taking stock of my knowledge, that I had no clear idea what the new psychology was, what it had done, and on what the claim sometimes made for it to supersede an old and effete system was grounded. A new method of study making large promises was evident enough, but of the new conquests which are to revolutionize psychology I must confess ignorance. My remarks, then, will be critically interrogative, on purpose made to elicit definite information. If that light be forthcoming it will prove how little mere theoretical criticism is worth.
An Analysis of One Thousand Admissions into the City of London Asylum
Authors: Patterson Arthur E.
Published: August 2008

It is obvious that it would be quite impossible within the short limit of time at our disposal to enter into a full and complete account of all the data collected with reference to these admissions, which commenced on January 1st, 1892, and terminated on December 31st, 1899; I will therefore confine my remarks to the more important features presented by them.
The Therapeutics of Insanity
Authors: Sainsbury Harrington
Published: August 2008

This subject is of such magnitude and it presents so many aspects that it would not be possible to develop it at all satisfactorily within reasonable limits, if one were to attempt to deal with it comprehensively. I shall therefore be excused if I pass very cursorily over certain systems of treatment which do not, and dwell more upon certain others which do fall within my competence. The selection will by no means represent the order of importance.
Some Pathological Changes met with in the great Nerve Cells of the Insane, with Special Reference to the condition known as “Reaction at a Distance.”
Authors: Turner John
Published: August 2008

The pictures I am going to show are taken from photomicrographs of the giant pyramidal nerve-cells of the upper part of the ascending frontal convolution, and the neighbouring paracentral, and my remarks refer entirely to this variety of cell. They have been studied in sections, stained after modifications of Nissl's method, and in film preparations in which the entire cell is seen.
A Microscopic Demonstration of the Normal and Pathological Histology of Mesoglia Cells
Authors: Robertson Ford
Published: August 2008

Dr. Clouston in the unavoidable absence of Dr. Ford Robertson made the following remarks:—The first fact that I have to direct the attention of the meeting to is that Dr. Ford Robertson has devised a new method of examining nerve-tissues by depositing platinum in them. By the use of this platinum method he has demonstrated, amongst other things, that what is called the neuroglia is composed of two sets of elements instead of one, as is generally considered. The neuroglia, as exhibited by this and other methods, is attached to the arteries, to the fibres, and to the brain-cells, forming a generally supporting medium. Dr. Robertson has discovered that in addition to this there is another set of cells, which he has called the mesoglia cells, consisting in a typical form of a cell-body, a nucleus and a number of processes. These processes are in no way connected either with the vascular substance or with the nerve-cells or the nerve-fibres. The mesoglia cells are entirely different from neuroglia cells in appearance, and are found in both the white and grey matter, and in such abundance that Dr. Robertson thinks that there are as many mesoglia cells as there are neuroglia cells existing all through the brain. Sometimes they have no processes, sometimes two processes, but the illustrations show a typical mesoglia cell from the dog and from man. The exact function of these mesoglia cells we certainly do not know, but they certainly do not act in any way as a support to the general brain structure. The mesoglia cells seem to have a phagocyte action in certain pathological conditions. They supply, if not all, at least the greater part of the amyloid bodies which are found in some of the chronic brain degenerations. I think you will agree that it is very important that Dr. Ford Robertson should have discovered a new element in the brain, the particular use of which will doubtless be demonstrated by some of the large number of enthusiastic workers on this subject.
Some Observations on the various Physical Changes occurring during the Acute and Subacute Stages of Melancholia
Authors: Bruce Lewis C. , de Maine Alexander H.
Published: August 2008

During the course of a series of investigations upon the arterial pressures in recently admitted cases of insanity, we were struck by the fact that the arterial pressures in cases of acute melancholia of recent onset followed a more or less definite course.
The Influence of Psychoses on Nervous Glycosurias
Authors: Blair David
Published: August 2008

The rarity of glycosuria among the insane.—When one observes how frequently nervous influences can be regarded as predisposing factors in glycosuria, one naturally expects in communities of the insane to find the condition common. Yet I think the asylum medical officer who follows the routine habit of making a careful examination for sugar in the urine of every case with which he is entrusted, is rarely rewarded for his trouble. The frequency with which it does occur is differently stated by different individuals. But with one exception, the percentages of the insane who suffer from this dystrophy would appear to vary in different asylums from about five to two.
Clinical Notes on Paranoids [Note cliniche sui Paranoidi]. (Arch. di Psichiat., vol. xx, fasc. 4.) Pianetta, C.
Authors: Sullivan W. C.
Published: August 2008

Under this title, Dr. Pianetta discusses the pseudo-paranoiac symptoms which occur in degenerate subjects, illustrating his remarks by three personal observations. As characteristic of the group of “paranoids” which he describes, the author indicates that they manifest a tendency to erroneous interpretation of outside impressions in some special direction, without, however, elaborating a systematised delirium; their mental state is thus that of incipient paranoia,—at times, perhaps, undergoing an exacerbation which renders them for the moment symptomatically indistinguishable from cases of typical paranoia. The author points out the affinities of these cases to the paranoia sine delirio of Tanzi and Riva, and to Magnan's mental degeneracy with episodic syndromes, with which, indeed, the cases recorded appear in all respects identical. The first observation is that of a man with hereditary taint, in whom mental disorder first appeared shortly after marriage; recovery was rapid, but the patient subsequently manifested neurasthenic symptoms with a disposition to hypochondriacal, self-depreciatory, and persecutory ideas. Generally these ideas had an obsessional character and were more or less readily repressed, but at times they acquired the force of delusions, were supported by hallucinations, and on one occasion led to a suicidal attempt. The author draws special attention to the passage from obsession to delusion in this case. The second observation refers to an individual hereditarily unstable, eccentric, and morbidly vain, who presented at intervals a tendency to disconnected delusions, chiefly hypochondriacal and persecutory. In the third observation, the patient, aged twenty-three, mentally degenerate as a result of insane heredity and of infectious disease in childhood, presented at intervals imperfectly defined delusions of persecution. Of very defective ethical development, he was repeatedly condemned for theft and for sexual offences, and two of his persecutory episodes occurred in prison.
A Dancing Disease of Madagascar. (Brit. Med. Journ., Feb. 17th, 1900.)
Authors: Macevoy H. J.
Published: August 2008

Attention is drawn to Lasnet's notes on the Sakalavas or West Coast Malagasies published in the Annales d'Hygiène et de Médecine Coloniales, which include the description of a curious epidemic nervous affection met with amongst the natives. It begins suddenly, and consists of incessant shaking of the body, accompanied by irregular movements, incoherent speech, and delirium; the patients indulge in wild bacchanalian dances, finally falling to the ground panting and foaming at the mouth. Some clamber up the rocks, while others pass whole days in pools or rivers, declaring that they are forced to remain there by spirits. They present meanwhile a most wild appearance, and, if not dancing, walk straight before them with head erect and eyes constantly rolling. It is very communicable.
The use of General Electrification as a Means of Treatment in certain forms of Mental Disease, a Paper read before the Medico-Psychological Association at the General Meeting, London, 21st November, 1900
Authors: Jones H. Lewis
Published: August 2008

It gives me great pleasure to have an opportunity of bringing to the notice of this meeting some matters connected with electrical treatment, because I believe that in the management of mental cases a very suitable field of application may possibly be found for electricity.
The Present State of Mental Science. The First of a Series of Papers on the Localisation of Mental Functions in the Brain
Authors: Hollander Bernard
Published: August 2008

Though medical science has made great advances during the nineteenth century, our knowledge of the mental functions of the brain is comparatively still obscure. Even as regards the elementary principles of mental science there is still a diversity of opinion. Thus when we state the first fundamental principle, that the brain is the organ of the mind, on which we are all agreed, we in reality differ widely according to the interpretation we give to the word “mind.”
General Paralysis and Syphilis: a Critical Digest
Authors: Stoddart W. H. B.
Published: August 2008

General paralysis of the insane was first described by Haslam in 1798, thus its recognition is now a century old; and although an enormous amount of labour has been devoted to the search for the essential cause of this disease—perhaps the most fatal to which human flesh is heir—opinion is yet far from unanimous as to its origin. There is no doubt that the view that syphilis is the prime cause finds most favour at the present time; but in view of the want of uniformity of opinion on this matter, I have felt that a serious attempt to arrive at a definite conclusion would be welcomed by the alienists of this country. Such an attempt might at least help to clear the ground for future investigation.
The Construction of Asylums in Tropical Countries
Authors: van Brero P. C. J.
Published: August 2008

In this brief sketch it is my intention to refer to a few of the points which I regard as having an important bearing on the construction of asylums in tropical countries.
The Muscular Sense
Authors: Reid John
Published: August 2008

Some writers lately have been inclined to drop this name, and although the matter has been investigated pretty fully, I do not think it has been much inquired into from the pathological point of view. The following notes will therefore probably not be uninteresting, and they may lead to the subject being more thoroughly investigated.
Idiocy and Epilepsy [Idiozia ed epilessia]. (Arch. di Psichiat., vol. xxi, fasc. iv—v.) Pellizzi
Authors: Sullivan W. C.
Published: August 2008

The author points out that there is some confusion of ideas as to the relation between idiocy and epilepsy in the cases where the two conditions are associated. Recently the tendency has been more and more to attribute epileptic idiocy to pathological processes in fótal and infant life. For cases where this explanation is not admissible, it is still suggested that the fits are the cause of the mental arrest.
The Psycho-pathology of Ideas of Negation [Psicopatologia delle idee di Negazione]. (Il Manicomio, No. 3, 1900.) De Sancte
Authors: Gilmour J. R.
Published: August 2008

The author, largely from a clinical standpoint, discusses the various ideas of negation. He points out that ideas of negation, systematic or asystematic, are very slow in appearing, and represent generally a phase of evolution of the psychoses or a secondary mental process. Their appearance coincides with the mental decadence due to chronicity or associated with senility. Certain congenital cases do not come under this class, and there is also a group in which there seems to be a “negative disposition” of the individual. From a clinical study one of the following factors is necessary to the production of these ideas: (1) a state of mental weakness produced either by an intoxication or by some other cause acting acutely, or (2) a state of acute, subacute, or chronic pathological pain, or (3) an originally degenerative condition.
The Treatment of Epilepsy by Richet's Method [La cura dell’ Epilessia col Metodo Richet]. (Riv. Mens. Neur. e Psych., February, 1901.) Garbini Guido
Authors: Gilmour J. R.
Published: August 2008

Richet's method consists in the reduction of the chlorides given in the food and the substitution of small doses of sodium bromide. In this paper the results of the treatment of fourteen cases are given. The removal of the salt from the ordinary diet did not cause much inconvenience, and the bodily health of the patients was excellent throughout.
Psychological Problems relating to Criminal Confessions of Innocent Persons. (Medico-Legal Journ., vol. xviii, No. 1.) Hudson
Authors: Sullivan W. C.
Published: August 2008

The author takes as the most unequivocal example of the phenomenon he discusses the confessions of persons charged with witchcraft. He believes that these and nearly all other confessions of guilt by innocent persons are to be explained by two considerations:—(1) the dread of impending death renders a person accused of a capital offence specially amenable to suggestion; (2) the necessary suggestion is supplied by the persistent assertions and challenges of the accusers. He points out that these conditions are often as well realised by detective methods nowadays as they were by the inquisitors in the time of Cotton Mather. Hence the need of extreme caution in attaching weight to admissions of guilt in capital cases.
Medico-legal Notes on Three Cases of Sexual Inversion [Drei Conträrsexuale vor Gericht]. (Jahrb. f. Psychiat. u. Neur., B. xix, H. 2, 1900.) Krafft-Ebing
Authors: Sullivan W. C.
Published: August 2008

In Obs. I, a clergyman, æt. 36, was accused of indecency with boys under his care. The accused had a neurotic and alcoholic ancestry, and was himself mentally unstable, emotional, and ethically defective, showing an absolute inability to appreciate the immorality of his conduct; he presented stigmata of degeneracy. His sexual history began with solitary and mutual onanism, the sexual impulse subsequently becoming directed exclusively to pubescent boys; there was intense aversion to women. Sexual desire was abnormally strong. The first medical report affirmed that the accused was a degenerate and a sexual invert, that he had acted in obedience to an irresistible impulse, and was therefore irresponsible. Krafft-Ebing, as delegate of the medical faculty of Vienna, to whom the case was further referred, agreed in this opinion. It is stated that under hydropathic and hypnotic treatment the patient's neurosis considerably improved.
Physical Characters of Criminals [Caratteri di conformazione del delinquenti]. (Istituzioni di Antropologia Criminale, Lecture I, Oct., 1900.) Zuccarelli
Authors: Sullivan W. C.
Published: August 2008

This is the first of a series of lectures for popular audiences. The lectures appear under the title “Istituzioni di antropologia criminale” as a supplement to Prof. Zuccarelli's review “l'Anomalo.”
Recent Medico-Legal Cases
Authors: Mercier
Published: August 2008

[The Editors request that members will oblige by sending full newspaper reports of all cases of interest as published by the local press at the time of the assizes.]
The Evolution of the Colour Sense
Authors: Edridge-Green F. W.
Published: August 2008

All the facts which can be gathered from the study of museums or literature point to the conclusion that the sense of light was developed first, then the sense of colour. The tendency has been to regard colour-blindness as “chromic myopia;” but this is not correct unless there is a defective perception of light as well, as shown by the cases which I have recorded. A man may be able to see light of all colours at twice the normal distance, and yet be colour-blind. I specially wish to emphasise the fact that there is no definite relation between light and colour. When light falls upon the eye it sets up a nerve impulse, which is conveyed to the brain. In the impulse itself we have the physiological basis of light, and in the quality of the impulse the physiological basis of colour. My contention is that these two factors are perceived by two entirely different sets of cerebral cells, those devoted to the perception of colour being developed at a later period than those conveying to the mind the sensation of light. All the evidence which can be obtained shows that all objects were first seen as in a photograph, that is, in different degrees of black and white. In the evolution of the colour sense those waves which differ most physically, namely, red and violet, were first recognised as different, the remainder of the spectrum appearing grey. Homer's colour vision was of this class, which represents the degree just preceding total colour-blindness. I have recorded a case of this kind of a man who was colour-blind with one eye, and who was therefore able to tell me exactly how objects appeared with this eye. He said that the spectrum appeared nearly all grey, but with a tinge of red at one end and a tinge of violet at the other; he could see very much better with the colour-blind eye than with the other.
On the Favourable Results of Transference of Insane Patients from one Asylum to another
Authors: Urquhart A. R.
Published: August 2008

We are doubtless of one mind in believing that change of scene and surroundings is necessary for those whose work lies amongst the insane, and I am sure that our thoughts must turn towards the monotonous lives of our patients during our holidays, spent procul negotiis. They are still in the same wards, with the same neighbours, tied to the same narrow round.
On Suprarenal Extract in the Treatment of Mental Diseases
Authors: Dawson W. R.
Published: August 2008

Of the innumerable organs and tissues which have been made the subject of research since Brown-Séquard promulgated his doctrine of “internal secretions,” it may be broadly stated that there are practically two only in which the existence of such a specific secretion has been determined beyond controversy, viz., the thyroid gland and the suprarenal bodies. The place of the former in therapeutics is now more or less determined; at all events most have tried it and formed their own conclusions; but the uses of the suprarenal glands in treatment are still, to a large extent, undecided. It is true that in certain branches of surgical practice suprarenal extract has been found so useful as a local application that it may almost be said to have gained a position in the surgeon's regular armamentarium, and that it has been employed internally in Addison's disease by many observers, with somewhat conflicting results (1); while its use in cases of heart failure, and also in obstetrics, has recently been strongly urged (2). But beyond these more obvious applications of the properties of its active principle, there are certain other diseases, notably some forms of psychoses, in which it would seem probable that those properties might render it valuable, and what little use has been made of it in this direction to some extent bears out this expectation.
Some Cases of Pellagrous Insanity
Authors: Warnock John
Published: August 2008

The existence of pellagra in Egypt has been pointed out within recent years by Dr. F. M. Sand with, and for a description of the disease as it occurs in hospital practice reference may be made to his articles.
Norway
Authors: Holmboe M.
Published: August 2008

Since my last report (in 1898) to this Journal no important changes have taken place in the care and treatment of the lunatics in this country.
On the Nervous System of a Hemicephale [Ueber das Nervensystem eines Hemicephalen]. (Arch. f. Psychiat., Bd. xxxiv, H. 3.) Muralt, L.
Authors: Ireland William W.
Published: August 2008

After a retrospect of previous work on anencephalous births, Dr. Muralt proceeds to describe the skull and brain of two of those monstrosities. The first, a male child, born at full time, lived for two days, during which he cried lustily, swallowed, and showed the usual muscular motions and reflexes. His head resembled that of a cat, no forehead, the face prognathous, the nose and lips thick, and the eyes prominent. The head was covered with thick hair, and there was no roof to the cranium. The rudiments of the brain were shut in by a soft membrane. These structures are pictured in a large lithograph sheet, and their description fills seventeen pages of the Archiv.
On the Restoration of the Peripheral Nerves [Ueber die Regeneration peripherischer Nerven]. (Arch. f. Psychiat., Bd. xxxv, H. 3.) Bethe
Authors: Ireland William W.
Published: August 2008

At the meeting of German neurologists and alienist physicians in Baden-Baden, June, 1901, Dr. Bethe, of Strasburg, explained that during the last decade a new nerve-cell theory had come into vogue. It was assumed that the so-called neuron was an anatomical, functional, pathological, and developmental entity. But it had been shown by Apáthy that there is a direct and intimate connection between the neurons through the primitive nerve-fibrillæ, and Dr. Bethe himself had demonstrated that in the carcinas mænas the nervous system performs its function without any ganglion cells. Thus the cell cannot be a necessary instrument in the process like the pendulum of a clock, or the wheel of a watch. Nissl has shown that the observations of pathologists give no sure support to the neuron theory. Further objections may be taken from the fact that several organs are affected after section of the nerves supplying them. In the case of degeneration of muscles and glands, it may be said that this process may be owing to atrophy from inactivity of their functions; but degeneration of the papillæ circumvallatæ et foliatæ of the tongue in the rabbit has been observed to follow, in from about two to three weeks after section of the glossopharyngeals, although the stimulus has not ceased to be applied to these organs. From this it appears that the pathological process goes further than the boundary of the neuron.
The Croonian Lectures on the Chemical Side of Nervous Activity. (Lancet and Brit. Med. Journ., 1901.) Halliburton, W.D
Authors: Stoddart W. H. B.
Published: August 2008

The first lecture dealt with the general composition of nervous structures. Grey matter contains 80—90 per cent. of water, and 50 per cent. of the total solids are proteid. In white matter there is less water and less proteid, and in peripheral nerves is least water and least proteid. The most abundant proteid is a nucleo-proteid containing ·5 per cent. of phosphorus, but there is little of this in the white matter. The other two proteids are globulins, one of which coagulates at 47° C.
On the Morbid Anatomy of Pseudo-bulbar Paralysis [Per l'Anatomia patologica della Paralisi pseudobulbare]. (Riv. di Patol., nerv. e ment., fasc. 9, 1901.) Guizzatti and Ugolotti
Authors: Gilmour J. R.
Published: August 2008

The case, a woman æt. 62, alcoholic, presented the following clinical history:—Six years ago she had a right-sided hemiparesis, followed by a second similar attack in two years. Three years ago she had a weakening of the voice ending in aphonia, followed by dysarthria and dysphagia. There were also paresis of the lower facial muscles, especially on the right side, without atrophy, paresis of the tongue and palate. In addition to the right-sided hemiparesis, there was latterly paresis of the left leg.
Studies of Memory in the Normal, Neurasthenic and Insane [Studien über die Merkfähigkeit der Normalen, Nervenschwachen und Geisteskranken]. (Monats. f. Psych. und Neur., Bd. ix, 44, 1901.) Ranschburg, P.
Authors: Stoddart W. H. B.
Published: August 2008

The author has devised a method by which the memories of individuals may be compared to one another or to a perfect standard. His method tests the memory for words, persons, colours, orientation, names, and numbers.
Correlation between Mental and Motor Ability. (Amer. Journ. Psychol., vol. xii, No. 2, 1901.) Bagley, W. C.
Authors: Ellis Havelock
Published: August 2008

These experiments were carried out on school children at Madison at the suggestion of Professor Jastrow, with the object of testing the results of Porter at St. Louis. Porter found a marked tendency to a direct relation between weight and mental precocity; weight, he then argued, stood for motor ability, and hence a child increases in mental efficiency directly as he increases in motor ability. These conclusions have been seriously criticised.
On the Duration of the Psychic Action of Alcohol [Ueber die Dauer der psychischen Alkoholwirkung]. (Psychologische Arbeiten, herausgeg. von Kraepelin, Bd. iv, H. 1, 1901.) Rüdin
Authors: Sullivan W. C.
Published: August 2008

This paper is a further contribution to the experimental study of the action of alcohol on mental function, which has already been the object of several valuable researches by the Heidelberg school.
The Action of Hunger on Psychic Processes [Ueber die Beeinflussung geistiger Leistungen durch Hungern], (Psychologische Arbeiten, herausgeg. von Kraepelin, Bd. iv, H. 1, 1901.) Weygandt
Authors: Sullivan W. C.
Published: August 2008

In this paper the author records the results of a series of elaborate experiments showing the condition of mental function during prolonged abstinence from food. The experiments were made on six individuals; the period of fasting generally ranged between 12 and 36 hours; in one instance it was extended to 48, and in another to 72 hours. In some of the experiments water was withheld as well as food. The psycho-physical tests employed were those current in Kraepelin's laboratory, a few modifications of detail being introduced in some of them. One new method—Griesbach's examination of the range of tactile sensibility—was also tried, but was found very unsatisfactory.
Idiocy and Athetosis [Idiotismo ed Atetosi]. (Il Manicomio, Anno xvii, Nos. 1, 2.) Tomasini, S.
Authors: Ireland William W.
Published: August 2008

The author describes one case of idiocy combined with athetosis, and gives a summary of the contributions which have been made to this subject. The number of autopsies of double athetosis is small. The lesions found in athetosis have been mainly of a hæmorrhagic character, though a few cases of atrophy and asymmetry of the brain, cerebellum, and bulb have been recorded. Athetosis is not infrequently met with in paralytic idiocy, although it often occurs where the intellect is not impaired. It seems needless, therefore, to treat what is merely a symptom of cerebral or nervous irritation as a concomitant of so profound an affection as idiocy.
Psychomotor Hallucinations in General Paralysis [Hallucinations Psycho-motrices dans la Paralysie générale]. (Arch. de Neurol., July, 1901.) Marie et Buvat
Authors: Macevoy H. J.
Published: August 2008

The notes of three cases are given, preceded by an account of the observations made by others on this subject—Esquirol, Sérieux. Psychomotor hallucinations, verbal and graphic, appear to be rare in general paralysis, although one must not lose sight of the fact that their diagnosis in this condition is difficult, either on account of their transient character, or on account of the dementia of the patient.
The Importance of Dreams as Symptoms of Disease [La Valeur séméiologique du Rève]. (Rev. Scient., No. 14, 1901, premier semestre.) Vaschide and Pieron
Authors: Macevoy H. J.
Published: August 2008

This is a continuation of a paper on dreams (see Revue Scientifique, March 30th, 1901), and deals especially with the dreams of epileptics. Reference is made to Duaste's cases, in which dreams occurred during the epileptic seizure only (Journal de Médecine de Bordeaux, Nos. xlviii and xlvix, 1899); but the possibility of the dream being merely an aura must not be dismissed. Certain characteristics of epileptic dreams are to be noted: the predominance of the colour red; certain parts of the body especially figure: the head, the sexual organs, the chest; the introduction of strong animals, the act of falling, etc.
Autosuggestive Neurasthenia [La Neurastenia autosuggestiva]. (Riv. Mens. di Neuropat. e Psichiat., July, 1901.) Guidi, G.
Authors: Gilmour J. R.
Published: August 2008

The author describes under this heading a group of cases in which the mental disturbance is always associated with subjective psychical facts. He divides his thirteen cases into three groups. In the first, some illness has directed special attention to the organ afterwards believed to be diseased. In the second, the individuals thought they had heart disease, after having seen cases of it in others. In the third, the psychical trauma was caused by some marked agency as death of friends or parents. The symptoms were mild depression, confusion, and ideas that some organ was diseased. These cases come on in apparently healthy individuals and heredity is generally absent. They differ from hysteria in the absence of any objective phenomena and from phases of pathophobia in being unattended by any signs of degeneracy. The author considers that they arise from the impression absorbing in a morbid way the attention of the subject, and producing the beginning of an association of ideas.
Dispensary Treatment of Mental Diseases. (Amer. Journ. Insanity, July, 1901.) Channing, W.
Authors: Sainsbury Harrington
Published: August 2008

Dr. Channing pleads with much force for the wider establishment of out-patient departments for the treatment of mental affections in connection with hospitals and dispensaries. Such departments, besides giving treatment and instruction (a very important part of their work), would serve as a “repository for the troublesome, a clearing house for doubtful cases, and a bureau of information in regard to the necessary machinery to be made use of in committing or otherwise disposing of patients.” Those who have had charge of our overcrowded out-patient rooms will appreciate to the full the need which Dr. Channing points out, for it is absolutely impossible under present conditions to give the mental cases which now and again present themselves as out-patients the attention they require. As it is these sufferers have to content themselves with a dose of mistura alba or calomel, or perhaps a dose of bromide and some hasty words of reassurance, and then the “next patient.” Perhaps the greatest service which these mental departments promise is in connection with defective children, some of whom “furnish a portion of the dullards in the schools, who are such an injury to the advance of the average pupils. Others become tramps or criminals. The girls often become the mothers of illegitimate children, and so spread the circle of degeneration and defect wider and wider.” Dr. Channing accentuates the importance of the last-mentioned work, and in order to utilise more effectually the proposed department he systematises in tabular form the investigation of the defective child.
Flagellatio Puerorum as an Expression of Masked Sadism in a Sexual Invert [Flagellatio Puerorum als Ausdruck des larvirten Sadismus eines pædophilen Conträrsexualen]. (Allg. Zeitsch. f. Psychiat., Bd. lviii, H. 4, 1901.) Von Krafft-Ebing
Authors: Sullivan W. C.
Published: August 2008

The patient, æt. 34, a lawyer by profession, married, with neuropathic heredity, and having himself presented all his life symptoms of the degenerate temperament—obsessions, labile emotional tone, tremors, etc.,—was accused of immoral acts with boys under his care. It was proved that for many years he had shown a morbid passion for flogging boys about the age of puberty on the bare nates, frequently offering them bribes to get their consent to the operation. He also stroked and pinched the buttocks, but did not at any time touch the genitals, nor did he himself on these occasions show any signs of sexual excitement.
A Plea for the Sterilisation of Women as a Means of limiting or preventing the Reproduction of Lower Degenerates [Per la Sterilizzazione della Donna come Mezzo per limitare o impedire la Riproduzione dei Maggiormente Degenerati]. (Bolletino della Soc. Ginecol. di Napoli, 1901.) Zuccarelli
Authors: Sullivan W. C.
Published: August 2008

In an address to the Gynæcological Society of Naples, the author, who is apparently a thorough-going optimist, urges the desirability of accelerating human progress to perfection by a system of artificial selection involving the sterilisation of the degenerate. He thinks it preferable that women should be the victims of this system, and he exhorts his gynæcological hearers to devise new and safer operations to this end.
Degeneration of the Optic Thalami (Preliminary Note)
Authors: Blachford J. B.
Published: August 2008

T. W—, shorthand writer, admitted January 16th, 1899, suffering from mania.
Two Cases of Lipoma of the Brain
Authors: de Steiger Adèle
Published: August 2008

Case I.—L. M. W—, æt. 37, admitted June, 1901, died eighteen days after admission.
A Case of Epilepsy following Traumatic Lesion of Prefrontal Lobe
Authors: Urquhart A. R. , Robertson W. Ford
Published: August 2008

No. 2345, æt 27, transferred from Saughton Hall to Murray's Asylum, Perth, on June 4th, 1897. An unmarried male.
Hallucinations and Allied Mental Phenomena
Authors: Brunton Sir Lauder
Published: August 2008

“The wicked flea,”—Everybody knows the “wicked flea,” for it is no respecter of persons. It makes its home in the palace of the prince, the hovel of the savage, and the tent of the Arab. The devotions of many a worshipper are destroyed by the Pulex tabernaculi, or church flea, which makes up by its voracity on Sundays for enforced abstinence on other days of the week; and one of the wonders narrated by travellers is that on camping in the desert they have found this wicked little creature waiting for them, ready to bite, although apparently its progenitors from time immemorial could hardly have had an opportunity of gratifying their taste for blood. When in Rome one summer, fleas were abundant in the hotel where I was staying. I used to walk barefooted about my room every morning, and soon a prick on the instep would warn me that a flea was there. I looked down, saw a little black speck, put a wet finger upon it, and after a little rub would transfer it to a basin of water. The sensation of something solid between the finger and thumb and the transference of the black speck from my instep to the water convinced me of the presence of the flea, for I had the threefold evidence (1) of common sensation, (2) of sight, and (3) of muscular sense all combining to prove the actual existence of the flea. At other times during the day I had the evidence of sensation to indicate to me that fleas were again biting, and I felt quite convinced by sensation alone that such was the case, for although I could not corroborate the evidence of sensation either by sight or by muscular sense, yet it was not contradicted by these senses. But sometimes I have felt upon my hand a sensation exactly similar to the bite of a flea, and yet, as the hand has been on my writing-table within full vision, and no object whatever was to be seen on the hand, I have discarded the evidence of sensation in favour of that afforded by sight, and come to the conclusion that no flea either was or had been upon my hand. Had it not been for the sensation of sight, however, and had the hand been hidden from my view, I should have confidently believed that it had been bitten, trusting to the evidence of sensation, which, though unconfirmed by sight or muscular sense, was not contradicted by these senses.
The Bearing of Recent Research in the Posterior Root Ganglia upon the New Theories concerning the Ætiology of Tabes dorsalis
Authors: Rows R. G.
Published: August 2008

Dr. Orr has shown you the normal cells of the posterior root ganglia and the changes which they undergo in general paralysis of the insane, and we have thought that it would be of some interest briefly to follow the subject a little further, and to see what is the modem view of the degenerative changes in the cells of the posterior root ganglia and in the nervefibres of the spinal cord in general paralysis and in tabes dorsalis.