bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Genesis of Persian and Urdu Languages and Literatures in India
Authors: Islam, International Islamic University Malaysia Arshad
Published: March 2024

The Indian subcontinent has contained a vast array of ethnicities, cultures, traditions and languages since the beginning of civilisation. While classical Indian civilisation was based on Sanskrit, the sacerdotal language of the Brahmins, this sacred language did not affect the general mass of people, nor literature beyond a privileged elite. The first true lingua franca that transcended caste barriers to a certain extent was Persian, which was adopted by the ruling dynasties of Muslim India (who themselves were generally Turks or indigenous Indians rather than Persians), their Hindu peers, as well as the civil servants. However, from the beginning of the seventeenth century Urdu began to form around the lower echelons of society as a pidgin common tongue to enable communication between the myriad ethnicities of the Mughal Empire, ultimately restricting Persian to a refined language of culture and courtly life in the Mughal court and becoming a vibrant and dynamic language in its own right, thus becoming the first literary language with a substantial original contribution from Indians since ancient Sanskrit. This article charts the adoption of Persian and later the emergence of Urdu as spoken and literary languages in the Indian subcontinent using original sources in those languages.
English in Malaysia: Identity and the Market Place
Authors: Lim, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Shirley Geok-lin
Published: March 2024

The paper examines Malaysian and Singaporean state policies and examples of literary works that directly or indirectly address the position of English to analyse some of the discursive contradictions and tensions undergirding the use of English in their societies. Contention over the role of English, rejected as a colonial threat to national identity â€“ constructed as essentialist Malay monolingualism â€“ has historically and continuously riven state, public and literary policies and discourse in Malaysia. Ee Tiang Hong's early work articulates the dilemma of the Malaysian Anglophone poet whose voice is critiqued as mimicry of â€œforeignâ€ tongues. Muhammad Haji Salleh emerged as an elite Malay intellectual with his unnuanced disavowal of English use in Malaysia as a dark psychological depredation of the national soul. This total English language rejection, however, is called into question and undermined by his later bilingual practice of dual Malay and English publications of his work and his praise for the two language rivers that compose him as a single poet-subject. English is now viewed as an instrumental language necessary for competing in the global economy. In Singapore, where this instrumentalist language policy remains uncontested, the state has positioned Singlish, the local variation of English that serves as a major expressive marker of Singaporean identity, as a threat to global economic ambitions.
â€œThe Intimate Enemyâ€: Schizoids in Amitav Ghoshâ€™s The Glass Palace
Authors: Roy, K.G.T. Mahavidyalaya, Bagdogra, India Binayak
Published: March 2024

Amitav Ghosh opposes the â€œagonisticâ€ or â€œreconciliatoryâ€ strand in postcolonial studies espoused amongst others by Bhabha. By fusing postcolonialism with postmodernism, this school of postcolonial thought rejects resistance. It reconfigures the historical project of invasion, expropriation and exploitation as a symbiotic encounter. As a staunch anticolonialist, what Ghosh presents in his writing is the ubiquity of the Eurocentrism of the colonised.Â The Glass PalaceÂ represents how colonial discourses (primarily the military discourse) have moulded native identity and resulted in severe alienation. Self-alienation is apparent in the characters of the soldier, Arjun, who has been transformed into a war-machine in the hands of British military discourse and in the character of the Collector, a Britain-trained colonial administrator. Both these characters are destroyed: they end up in a dead end in their existential moorings and kill themselves. Ghosh genuinely attempts to revisit and reframe the colonial past by questioning the ideological, epistemological and ontological assumptions of the imperial powers, the masks of conquest. Resistance in itself has always been an integral component of literature. Protest is simultaneously a dialogue, a deconstruction and an assertion. Literary resistance in The Glass Palace that interweaves historical-political events with individual stories thus explicates Benita Parry's critique of postcolonial discourse for its unwillingness to articulate a more oppositional politics.Â
Role of Social Support and Spirituality with Subjective Well-being in Husbands/Wives of Healthcare Workers During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Diyah Candra Dewi  , Karyani Usmi
Published: March 2024

Husband/wife of healthcare workers experienced a lot of negative emotions which result in a decrease in subjective well-being (SWB) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims to analyze the relationship between social support and spirituality simultaneously and partially with SWB on the husband/wife of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the effective contribution of social support and spirituality simultaneously and partially to SWB. Using Purposive Sampling, this research involved 384 respondents (55.6% husbands and 44.4% wives) of healthcare workers who work in healthcare facilities and live in the Solo Raya area. Data analysis used the moderating variable regression test with the sub-group method. The result showed that social support and spirituality simultaneously have a role in increasing the SWB of all respondents (husbands and wives) of healthcare workers (p=0.000). Simultaneously, social support and spirituality have a role in increasing SWB for both husbands (p=0.000) or wives (p=0.000) of healthcare workers. Partially, social support has a positive role in increasing the wife’s SWB (p=0.000), but not for husbands (p=0.172). Partially, spirituality has a positive role in increasing the SWB of husbands (p=0.007) or wives (p=0.001) of healthcare workers. Based on the contribution both simultaneously and partially, the female partners of healthcare workers have a higher SWB than the male partners. This research implies that efforts to improve SWB need support from the environment and an increase in spiritual values. Future researchers are expected to be more concerned about data collection procedures and pay more attention to cultural aspects.
An Overview of the History of Translating the Meanings of the Holy Quran in General
Authors: برات شاشوار هاشاني  , سعد الدين منصور محمد
Published: March 2024

تشرح هذه الدراسة معنى الترجمة لغة واصطلاحا، ثمّ معنى التفسير لغة واصطلاحا. وتتحدث عن تفسير القرآن الكريم في عصر النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، وكيف كان اهتمام النّبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بشرح الآيات الكريمة لأصحابه، واهتمام الصّحابة والتّابعين ومن تبعهم، ومن اشتهر من الصّحابة والتابعين وتابعي التابعين في هذا المجال. كما تهتم هذه الدراسة على اظهار الترجمات الأولى لمعاني القرآن الكريم في تاريخ قارة أوربا وخاصة لدى الآلبان، لأنّه قليل ما كُتب عنه  مع التعرض لمعرفة السبب. ولعل هذه الدراسة تأتي بمعلومات جديدة في هذا الباب. وتوصلنا إلى أنّ مجال التفسير وفهم معاني القرآن الكريم قديم منذ عصر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم. كما بينّا أنّ معاني القرآن الكريم إلى اللغات الأوربية تُرجمت من قبل غير المسلمين كذلك. وأخيرا، وتوصي هذه الدراسة بزيادة الاهتمام والكتابة عن ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم إلى اللغات الأجنبية، وكذلك عن ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم إلى اللغات التي لم تترجم معاني القرآن الكريم بعد
Argümantasyon Temelli Öğrenme Modelinin Yedinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Yazılı Argüman Kullanma Seviyelerine, İkna Edici Yazma Başarılarına ve Yazma Motivasyonlarına Etkisi
Authors: Bakdemir Süleyman , Süğümlü Üzeyir
Published: March 2024

Araştırmanın amacı, argümantasyon temelli öğrenme modelinin 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazılı argüman kullanma seviyelerine, ikna edici yazma başarılarına ve yazma motivasyonlarına etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden deneysel desenle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 42 yedinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubunda bulunan 21 öğrenci deney ve 21 öğrenci de kontrol grubunda yer almaktadır. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçlarını; İkna Edici Yazıları Ölçme Aracı, Yazma Motivasyonu Ölçeği ve Argümantasyon Değerlendirme Rubriği oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın uygulama süreci 8 hafta sürmüştür. Uygulamalarda, Toulmin’in Argümantasyon modelinin altı unsuru üzerinde durulmuştur. Uygulamalarda bu modelin unsurlarının öğretimi yapılarak ikna edici yazma çalışmalarında kullanımı ve öğrencilerin özgün şekilde yazılı argüman kullanma becerilerinin geliştirilmesine çalışılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, SPSS 24 paket programı ile analiz edilmiş ve ulaşılan bulgular, tablo ve şekillerle sunulmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular sonucunda; öğrencilerin yazılı argüman kullanma seviyelerinin yükseldiği, ikna edici yazma başarılarının arttığı ve yazma motivasyonlarında olumlu yönde artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarından hareketle çeşitli öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Peritumoral Edema in Resected Meningiomas: Study of Factors Associated with the Variability of Postoperative Duration
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital San Carlos, Madrid, Spain, Arévalo-Sáenz Alejandra , Ferrández Pujante Borja , J. Rascón-Ramírez Fernando
Published: March 2024

Background: It is well known that edema can persist after meningioma resection, and sometimes it is not resolved after this time. This study aimed to establish the relationship between a series of variables associated with meningioma or surgery, and the duration of postoperative edema. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 77 meningiomas resected at our institution between January 2016 and January 2018 with a maximum follow-up period of up to three years. The independent variables collected were demographics, tumor location, relationship with the sinuses (invasion/contact), relationship with arterial structures, deviation from the midline, volume (cm3), degree of initial edema, WHO histological classification, degree of atypia, degree of resection, previous embolization, and development of complications. The edema levels were classified according to the classification described by Ide et al. (1995): GR0, GR1, and GR2. Measurements were performed using FLAIR magnetic resonance sequences. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 21. Results: Age (p=0.003), deviation from the midline (p=0.001), and tumor volume (p<0.001) were correlated with outcome using Spearman's test. Univariate analysis revealed that the localization (p=0.016), initial edema (p<0.001), degree of atypia (p=0.019), and presence of previous embolization (p=0.037) were statistically significant. In multivariate analysis, only age, initial edema, and embolization were significant independent predictors. Conclusion: These results suggest that the degree of initial edema, midline deviation, tumor volume, tumor location, degree of atypia, and previous embolization may be important predictors of postoperative edema duration.
Continuity of traditions in the spiritual culture of turkic peoples in medieval states (according to Shajara-i Tarakime data)
Authors: Tashkaraуeva A.M. , Abdykulova G. , Smakhanovа J.S.
Published: March 2024

The historical connections of Turkic peoples trace back to ancient times, extensively unfolding during the Middle Ages and subsequent eras. Throughout the entire medieval period, waves of people of Turkic origin came to lands that were once part of the Western empires. These tribes preserved a long history, traditions and skills on their way to their new homeland. They not only settled in their new lands, but also developed their culture, customs and skills in continuity with the world around them. This article is dedicated to the study of the interrelation of traditions in the spiritual culture of Turkic peoples based on oral historical traditions and legends in the work “Shajara-i-Tarakime”. We discuss the important aspects of forming the worldview foundations of Turkic-speaking peoples. Therefore, it is relevant to consider the problem of studying the ethnic identity of the early Turkic tribes in continuity with the study of ethno-political processes of the Middle Ages. The study of these historical events will not only help to more deeply reveal the issue of self-determination but will also allow for the identification of the formation of historical prerequisites for the beginning of economic, social, cultural, and political interaction of the Turkic peoples.
Динамика этнодемографических процессов в Акмолинской области (по данным переписей населения)
Authors: Черниенко Д.А. , Ауанасова А.М. , Багдатова С.А.
Published: March 2024

В статье рассмотрена значимость изучения этнической истории и этнодемографических процессов с точки зрения реализации государственной национальной политики. Показана динамика формирования этнической структуры Акмолинской области на материалах переписей населения 1897–2021 гг. в контексте общественно-политических и социально-экономических процессов, происходивших на разных этапах истории Российской империи, СССР, Республики Казахстан. Новизна статьи определяется тем, что при наличии ряда работ по истории отдельных народов Акмолинской области общий анализ этнодемографической динамики и основных этапов формирования многонационального состава населения еще не предпринимался. Среди основных факторов, которые определяли особенности формирования этнической структуры области и ее дальнейших изменений, в советский период были масштабное переселенческое движение, в том числе целинное освоение края, внешняя трудовая миграция, политические репрессии и депортации, в период Независимости важное значение приобретают перераспределение населения между разными частями Казахстана, усиление роли Астаны и пристоличного региона как центра демографического притяжения. Также статистические показатели зависели от частых изменений административных границ области. Сделаны выводы о том, что этническая структура региона остается полиэтнической и находится в постоянном движении, этнодемографические тенденции в целом соответствуют процессам, происходящим в Казахстане. К настоящему времени история отдельных народов изучена неравномерно, поэтому необходимы дальнейшие системные исследования истории и культурного наследия народов Акмолинской области и Северного Казахстана.
Socio-political life of Kazakhs abroad in the 20th century
Authors: Aktailak B. , Ibrayemova M. , Pussyrmanov N.
Published: March 2024

The article underscores that the socio-political life of Kazakhs abroad in the 20th century was intimately connected with the collective destiny of the Kazakh populace. Kazakhs overseas, dwelling in emigration, waged their struggle for the reinstatement of statehood. Throughout the era of Soviet authority, Kazakh public associations persisted in playing a significant role in conserving national culture and language. During the period of restructuring and the dissolution of the USSR, Kazakh public organizations took the lead in the battle for the independence of Kazakhstan. The socio-political life of Kazakhs overseas exerted a noteworthy influence on the progression of Kazakhstan, facilitating the preservation of the national identity of the Kazakh people, their resurgence, and development.
ХVІІІ–ХІХ ғғ. Ресей империясының отарлау саясатының нәтижесінде қазақ қоғамы құрылымындағы түбегейлі өзгерістер
Authors: Жанғалиев Ұ.Қ. , Биназарова Н.Н. , Алпысбаева Ғ.Б.
Published: March 2024

Революцияға дейінгі кезеңдегі әлеуметтік-экономикалық өзгерістер қазақ қоғамының құрылымына түбегейлі өзгерістер енгізді. Біртұтас Қазақ хандығының ыдырауы барысында қалыптасқан күрделі жағдай бірқатар сыртқы саяси сәтсіздіктерге алып келді. Әрине, Қазақ хандығының ыдырауы және патшалық Ресейдің отаршылдық саясаты қазақтардың шаруашылық жүргізу тәсілдері мен әдістеріне әсер етті, бұл өз кезегінде Ресей империясының ықпалының күшеюіне алып келді. Сондай-ақ, әлемдік тарихи үдеріс соңғы көшпенділер мемлекеті — Қазақ хандығының құлдырауына әсер етті. Осыған байланысты, осы мақаланың авторлары ішкі және сыртқы себептері бар қазақтардың көшпелі қоғамының трансформациясына әсер еткен негізгі факторларды қарастырды. Мақалада көшпелі қоғамдағы әлеуметтік қатынастардың дамуындағы қайшылықтар, әлеуметтік стратификация, көшпелі қауымдастық ішіндегі қатынастар көрсетілген. Патшалық саясаттың Қазақстанның қоғамдық құрылымындағы өзгерістерге әсері талданған.
Создание единой информационной площадки как решение проблемы освещения межнациональных отношений и национальной политики в Центральной Азии
Authors: Кузембаев Н.Е.
Published: March 2024

Проблемы межнациональных отношений и национальной политики в странах Центральной Азии — актуальные проблемы. Для проведения качественных научных исследований нужны современные научные данные из достоверных источников, сотрудничество с ведущими научными организациями и специалистами в области этнической политики. Для создания эффективной государственной национальной политики нужны данные, полученные в результате мониторинга изучаемой среды, научная основа и привлечение специалистов, что позволит избежать ошибок прошлого. Автор публикации предлагает решение этих проблем в виде создания Информационной площадки — тематического сайта, посвященного проблемам национальной политики и межэтническим отношениям. Это позволит получать необходимую информацию для проведения научных исследований и использовать данные при практической реализации этнической политики в Казахстане, Узбекистане, Кыргызстане, Таджикистане и Туркменистане. Научная новизна исследования состоит в предложении создания не имеющего аналогов в мире тематического сайта, направленного на решение научных и практических проблем современности. Источниковая база исследования представлена специальной научной и учебнометодической литературой по проблематике. Исследование содержит практические рекомендации по проведению эффективной государственной национальной политики в странах Центральной Азии. Вопервых, необходимо всесторонне проводить информационное просвещение населения. Во-вторых, нужно продвигать политику по развитию национальных культур без ущемления прав и свобод коренного населения. В-третьих, серьезное внимание уделить прогнозированию последствий проводимой национальной политики и аналитике больших данных. В-четвертых, надо усилить взаимодействие государственной, научной, культурной и образовательной среды для достижения общих целей и результатов.
Шетел тарихнамасында Шағатай ұлысының бөлінуі: діни фактор
Authors: Көшенова Ғ.И.
Published: March 2024

Отандық тарихнамада Шағатай ұлысының тарихына қатысты арнайы дайындалған еңбектер аз. Ал шетелдік тарихнамада бірқатар іргелі еңбектерді кездестіруге болады. Автор осы тұрғыдан алғанда зерттеу тақырыбының өзектілігі мен жаңашылдығын көрсетуге тырысады. Ұсынылған жарияланымда шетелдік тарихнамаға негізделе отырып, Монғол шапқыншылығынан соң пайда болған Шағатай ұлысының екіге бөлінуіне ықпал етуші факторларды қарастырған. Зерттеу тақырыбында Шағатай ұлысының бөлінуіндегі діни фактордың ықпалы зерделеуге бағытталғандықтан, оның мазмұнында тәңіршіл сенімдегі Шағатайдың ұстанымы, оның өзге және ислам дініне көзқарасы, шағатайлық хандардың ислам дінін қабылдауы, сондай-ақ ұлыс тарихындағы айтулы оқиғаларға тоқталады. Шағатай ханнан кейін ұлыс тарихында маңызды реформалар жүргізген бірнеше хандардың, атап айтқанда Алгуй хан, Дува хан, Мубарак хан, Кебек ханға шолу жасалып, Тармашырын ханның өлтірілу себептері қарастырылған. Автор Шағатай ұлысының тарихындағы маңызды кейбір оқиғаларға, яғни Хайдудың бастамасымен үш ұлыстан шақырылған Шыңғыс ұрпақтарының басын қосқан Талас құрылтайы, монғол ақсүйектерінің, кейбір тайпалардың Мауераннахр жеріне қоныс аударуына назар аударады. Сонымен ортағасырларда дін мәселесі өзекті тақырыптың бірі болғанына қарамастан, Шағатай ұлысының екіге бөлінуінде дін факторы жетекші рөл атқармады. Бұл саяси дағдарыста саяси, әлеуметтік және экономикалық факторлардың ықпалы басымдық танытты.
Доңғал қонысының остеологиялық коллекциясының құрамы туралы
Authors: Ломан В.Г. , Косинцев П.А. , Гимранов Д.О. , Шохатаев О.C.
Published: March 2024

Доңғал қонысы Қарағанды қ. 208 км оңтүстік-шығысқа қарай орналасқан. Қоныстың материалдары бойынша қыштың ерекше доңғалдық деп аталатын түрі айқындалды. Аталған түрдегі қыш белгілі бір ерекшеліктермен қамтылған, ол ерекшеліктерді алдында болған қола дәуірінің соңы Сарғары-алексеев мәдениетімен, сонымен бірге ерте темір ғасырының ескерткіштерімен де байланыстырады. Осы екі тарихи дәуір мәдениеттері арасында генетикалық байланыс анықталған. Осылайша, доңғалдық түрдегі ескерткіштердің қола дәуірінен ерте темір ғасырына өтпелі кезеңде болған мәдени-тарихи үрдістердің түсінігін қалыптастыру үшін ерекше маңызы бар. Доңғалдық түрді айқындау заңдылығы осыған ұқсас қыштардың тек Қазақстанда емес, ресейлік Алтай өңірінде табылғандығы дәлелденген болатын. Мақалада Доңғал қонысының остеологиялық топтамасының сараптамаларының нәтижелері қарастырылған, табын жануарларының құрамы айқындалды. Ұсақ-қара малдар табын жануарлары ішінде бірінші орынға ие екені белгілі болды (42,1%). Екінші орынға табылған сүйектер саны жағынан жылқы (28,3%), ал үшінші орынға ірі-қара мал — 26,0% көрсеткішпен тұрақтады. Сонымен бірге арқар, бұлан, марал, құлан, ақбөкен және қасқыр сияқты жабайы аңдар анықталды. Жабайы тұяқты жануарларға жасалған аңшылық Доңғал тұрғындарының ет үлесінің қомақты бөлігін қамтамасыз етіп отырды. Құланның — 33, ақбөкеннің — 16, арқардың — 10 сүйектері анықталды. Ұсақ-қара мал жүн алу, іріқара мал сүт өнімдерін алу мақсатында, ал жылқы көлік ретінде және жүк тасымалдаушы жануар ретіне қолданылған.
Alash Orda and socio-political activities of Seydazim Kadyrbaev
Authors: Saktaganova E.B. , Baibossyn L.S. , Bizhanova G.Kh. , Kanenova G.T.
Published: March 2024

The study of the problems of the history of Kazakhstan in the first two decades of the 20th century is one of the most relevant, complicated and in many ways contradictory issues of contemporary domestic historical science. The early 20th century holds a distinctive place in the history of Kazakhstan, closely associated with the establishment of Alash Orda. Consequently, the aim of this article is to uncover and analyze the significance of the democratic ideas of Alash Orda and its adherents. The article delves into key aspects of Alash Orda's history, exploring the prerequisites leading to its emergence and the nature of its activities. A comprehensive examination of Kazakhstan's historical issues is undeniably linked to the elite that was shaping up in the late 19th to early 20th centuries and the intelligentsia, representing “a heterogeneous layer” in terms of both origin and perspectives on the development of the Kazakh people. Seydazim Kadyrbaev stands out as one of the notable figures in the Kazakh intelligentsia. The article analyzes S. Kadyrbaev's contributions to the Kazakh judicial system, criminal and procedural legislation. The authors tried to trace the life journey of Alash Orda proponent S. Kadyrbaev and his socio-political activities.
Isomorphism Theorems of a Series Sum and the Improper Integral
Authors: Malyshev V.P. , Kazhikenova S.Sh. , Makasheva A.M. , Kazhikenova A.Sh.
Published: March 2024

The discrete and continuous dependencies’ relationship question has been investigated. An algorithm for determining the final and total series sums through the equivalence ratio of the series common term an and the an-model function improper integral mean value within the change unit interval based on the extended integral Cauchy convergence criterion has been developed. Examples of determining for the statistical sum in the Boltzmann distribution, for the first time directly expressed through an-model function. This eliminates the need for calculations to accumulate the sum of the series up to a value that is specified by a certain accuracy of this sum. In addition, it allows in this case to vary the energy variation interval with any given accuracy. The conducted studies allow solving both theoretical and practical problems of physics and materials science, directly using the Boltzmann distribution (energy spectrum) to calculate the entropy, which determines the loss of thermal energy in technological processes.
A boundary value problem for the fourth-order degenerate equation of the mixed type
Authors: Otarova J.A.
Published: March 2024

Many problems in mechanics, physics, and geophysics lead to solving partial differential equations that are not included in the known classes of elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic equations. Such equations, as a rule, began to be called non-classical equations of mathematical physics. The theory of degenerate equations is one of the central branches of the modern theory of partial differential equations. This is primarily due to the identification of a variety of applied problems, the mathematical modeling of which serves the study of various types of degenerate equations. The study of boundary value problems for mixed type’s equations of the fourth-order with power-law degeneration remains relevant. In this work, a boundary value problem in a rectangular domain for a degenerate equation of the fourth-order mixed-type is posed and investigated. Well-posedness of the boundary value problem for a fourth-order partial differential equation is established by proving the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Under sufficient conditions, a solution to the problem under consideration was explicitly found by the variable separation method.
Erratum to: “Coefficients of multiple Fourier-Haar series and variational modulus of continuity” [Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Mathematics series, No. 4(112), 2023, pp. 21–29]
Authors: Akhazhanov T.B. , Bokayev N.А. , Matin D.T.
Published: March 2024

Prof. Tuncay Aktosun requests retraction of his co-authorship for the following reason. Prof. Tuncay Aktosun has not been involved in the publication process and has not participated in any discussions, therefore, he cannot hold responsibility for any results in the published paper.
On the class of pointwise and integrally loaded differential equations
Authors: Aida-zade K.R. , Abdullayev V.M.
Published: March 2024

We investigate a system of linear ordinary differential equations containing point and integral loadings with nonlocal boundary conditions. Boundary conditions include integral and point values of the unknown function. An essential feature of the problem is that the kernels of the integral terms in the differential equations depend only on the integration variable. It is shown that similar problems arise during feedback control of objects with both lumped and distributed parameters during point and integral measurements of the current state for the controllable object. The problem statement considered in the paper generalizes a lot of previously studied problems regarding loaded differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions. By introducing auxiliary parameters, we obtain necessary conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the problem under consideration. To solve the problem numerically, we propose to use a representation of the solution to the original problem, which includes four matrix functions that are solutions to four auxiliary Cauchy problems. Using solutions to the auxiliary problems in boundary conditions, we obtain the values of the unknown function at the loading points. This is enough to get the desired solution. The paper describes the application of the method using the example of solving a test model problem.
ENERGY SPECTRA, EXPECTATION VALUES, AND THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES OF HCl AND LiH DIATOMIC MOLECULES
Authors:   Department of Physics, National Open University of Nigeria, Jabi-Abuja, Nigeria, Inyang E.P.
Published: March 2024

The Schrödinger equation is solved by applying the Nikiforov-Uvarov-Functional Analysis method to the Hulthén plus screened Kratzer Potential. The Greene-Aldrich approximation is employed to determine the closed form expressions for the energy equation and the wave function. The Hellmann-Feynman theorem was employed to calculate the energy spectra and expectation values of various quantum states for diatomic moleculesof HCl and LiH. Subsequently, we employed the energy equation that we had previously derived to compute the partition function, which in turn enabled us to determine the thermodynamic properties associated with the diatomic molecules. The partition function for the diatomic molecules of 2Hand LiHwas calculated at different temperatures. The results indicate that the partition function of the two diatomic molecules rose as the temperature increased.The findings we obtained align with the results documented in the literature.
TUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE ACCUMULATED DOSE OF DAMAGE IN THE NEAR-SURFACE LAYER ON RESISTANCE TO EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ASSOCIATED WITH CORROSION PROCESSES DURING HIGH-TEMPERATURE ANNEALING
Authors:   Laboratory of Solid State Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kozlovskiy A.L.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Investigating the challenges associated with the structural and strength degradation of ceramic fuel cells, which hold significant potential for hydrogen production through electrolysis methods, is a current focus ofresearch. Understanding the degradation processes and their occurrence rate is crucial in the assessment of the efficacy of these ceramics for applications in alternative energy production, specifically in the realm of hydrogen energy. The aim of this study is to ascertain the impact of doping ceramics with aluminum nitride NiAl2O4, irradiated with protons with a dose of approximately 50 dpa, on resistance to high-temperature degradation, and associated corrosive processes of oxidation and swelling, as well as migration processes of implanted hydrogen. Three types of ceramics were selected as objects for study: NiAl2O4ceramics, NiAl2O4ceramics stabilized with 0.05 M AlN, NiAl2O4ceramics stabilized with 0.15 M AlN, that are distinguished by the formation of impurity phases in Al7O3N8, with an orthorhombic type of crystal lattice. As a result of high-temperature tests, it was observed that NiAl2O4ceramics, when stabilized, exhibit reduced susceptibility to destructive alterations in strength characteristics, primarily attributed to the deformation distortion of the crystal structure caused by its swelling. These processes are associated with an augmentation in the thermal expansion of the crystal structure, manifested in the deformation swelling of the crystal lattice volume.
MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF INTERNAL AND SURFACE DEFECTS IN CASTING AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION INTO SURFACE DEFECTS OF SHEET
Authors:   Karaganda State Industrial University, Temirtau, Kazakhstan, I.K. Ibraev I.K.
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to elucidate the formation mechanisms of micro-macrostructural heterogeneities in the ingot's cortical zone and their transformation into surface defects during heating, plastic deformation, and rolling processes. The methodology and results of studying the macro-and microstructural and chemical heterogeneities of ingots and finished rolled sheets are presented. A comparative method of structural-concentration analysis of metal at theend-to-end metallurgical processing stage of ingot -slab -rolled sheets was developed. The technique utilizes metallographic methods to study the structure and perform qualitative analysis of non-metallic inclusions. The research findings indicate that the quality of the rolled sheet surface is predominantly determined by the physical heterogeneity of the ingot's crust zone, while the internal defects in thin rolled sheets are largely influenced by the contamination of the metal with non-metallic inclusions. A novel mechanism is proposed for the transformation of defects in the casting cortical zone into surface and internal defects in rolled sheets. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the formation and transformation of defects during metal processing, enabling the development of strategies for improving the quality of rolled sheets. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of controlling the physical heterogeneity of the ingot's crust zone and minimizing non-metallic inclusion contamination to achieve high-quality rolled sheets.
STUDY OF CORRELATIONS IN THE RELIEF OF COMPLEX SURFACES USING THE EXAMPLE OF AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED SILICON
Authors:   Ryazan State RadioEngineering University named after V.F. Utkin, Ryazan, Russia, Rybina N.V.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The results of a study of correlations in the surface relief of amorphous hydrogenated silicon using the methods of average mutual information andtwo-dimensional detrended fluctuation analysis by identifying its structural components using the scale-space technique are presented. The experimental samples were model and real surfaces of amorphous hydrogenated silicon. The model surface was formed bysuperimposing the surfaces "Stochastic fractal", "Particles" and "Gaussian noise". The values of the scaling index were obtained from the dependences of the fluctuation function on the scale, as well as the values of the average mutual information and themaximum mutual information were calculated. A comparative analysis of the correlation dependencies of the model and the real surfaces of amorphous hydrogenated silicon has shown that the model surface "Particles" is closest to the surface structure of theexperimental sample in terms of its characteristics. It was found that particles with dimensions of 65±10 nm are present in the surface structure of the experimental sample.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EKIBASTUZ COAL USING THE DRY ENRICHMENT METHOD
Authors:   Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Shaimerdenova K.M.
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses the possibility of improving the ekibastuz coal quality through the use of "dry enrichment" technology. The experiments and calculations carried out made it possible to determine the optimal scheme for enrichment of samples of thermal coals from the Ekibastuzsky open-pit mineof "Angrensor-Energo" LLP. Testing of technical characteristics, such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter yield and calculation of energy characteristics of enriched samples of thermal coal was carried out in 3 stages in a coal chemistry laboratory. As a result, it was found that the energy content of the enriched fuel samples increased to 28.5% of the original. This significantly improved consumer properties by obtaining the maximum yield of high quality coal concentrate. Consequently, the developed scheme of enrichment allows to significantly reduce the consumption of electricity, reduce emissions into the atmosphere, reduce the harmful impact on the environment, and expand the markets for coal.
AUTOMATED CONTROL OFTHE THIN FILMS ELECTRICALCONDUCTIVITY BY THE EDDY CURRENT METHOD
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia, Malikov V.N.
Published: March 2024

The article considers the possibility of using the eddy current method of non-destructive testing for the problems of measuring the electrical conductivity of thin metal films. As the object of measurement, we used copper films of various thicknesses obtained by vacuum vapor deposition. A review of current trends in the use of copper films in modern industry and science is presented, and an analysis is made of current methods of non-destructive testing suitable for studying thin copper films. A brief description of the deposition method and the hardware-software complex for measuring the electrical conductivity of the film is presented. A calibration curve is presented, which makes it possible to restore the values of the electrical conductivity of the film from the value of the signal of the eddy current transducer. GaAs samples were selected to construct a calibration curve. The decision is explained by the proximity of the values of the electrical conductivity of this chemical compound to the calculated indicators of the obtained thin films. The results of testing films with different characteristics are presented and the distribution of the electrical conductivity of the films depending on the batch is shown. A series of practical measurements of thin films demonstrated the existence of a relationship between the mass of the initial substance that was subjected to deposition and the characteristics of the resulting films. According to different values of electrical conductivity within the same batch, it was concluded that there is a difference in the quality of deposition of different films.
Molecularly targeted protease-activated probes for visualization of glioblastoma: a comparison with 5-ALA
Authors: Konečná Dora , Výmola Petr , Ternerová Nikola , Výmolová Barbora , Garcia-Borja Elena , Mateu Rosana , Šroubek Filip , Pankrác Jan , Widen John C. , Bogyo Matthew , Netuka David , Bušek Petr , Šedo Aleksi
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE

The highly infiltrative growth of glioblastoma (GBM) makes distinction between the tumor and normal brain tissue challenging. Therefore, fluorescence-guided surgery is often used to improve visual identification of radiological tumor margins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of recently developed molecularly targeted near-infrared (NIR) protease-activated probes to visualize GBM tissue and to compare the most promising candidate with the gold standard, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA).

METHODS

Single-substrate probes 6QC-ICG and 6QC-Cy5 (cysteine cathepsin cleavable), double-substrate probes AG2-FNIR and AG2-Cy5 (cysteine cathepsin and caspase 3 cleavable), and 5-ALA were administered intravenously to mice with orthotopic tumors. Activation of the probes was also evaluated in cell cultures in vitro and in biopsy material from patients with GBM ex vivo. The tumor to normal brain tissue fluorescence ratio (TNR) was quantified in brain sections using preclinical and clinical visualization platforms, and in tissue homogenates and cell suspensions using spectrofluorimetry. Subcellular localization of the fluorophores was visualized by confocal microscopy.

RESULTS

In vitro, the single-substrate probe 6QC-ICG was cleaved in glioma cells and macrophages, and the resulting fluorophore accumulated intracellularly. In experimental GBMs, both single- and double-substrate probes visualized tumor tissue, while in healthy brain tissue the signal was minimal. TNR was highest for 6QC-ICG and AG2-FNIR, but the signal intensity was higher for 6QC-ICG. Using xenograft and syngeneic mouse models, as well as human GBM biopsy material ex vivo, the authors confirmed the ability of 6QC-ICG to specifically visualize the glioma tissue using preclinical and clinical visualization platforms. Finally, a comparison with 5-ALA in animals coadministered with both compounds revealed a higher TNR for 6QC-ICG in experimental GBMs.

CONCLUSIONS

The cysteine cathepsin–cleavable probe 6QC-ICG is activated by glioma cells and tumor-associated macrophages, leading to a high contrast between tumor and nontumorous brain tissue that is superior to that of the current standard, 5-ALA. In addition to a well-defined mechanism of action, protease-activated probes that use NIR fluorophores (e.g., indocyanine green) have the advantage of low absorption and scattering of the NIR light and lower tissue autofluorescence. These results suggest that 6QC-ICG has the potential to become the targeted agent in intraoperative detection of GBM tissue using fluorescence imaging.
PELATIHAN SITASI DAN MANAJEMEN DAFTAR PUSTAKA MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE MENDELEY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS KARYA TULIS ILMIAH
Authors: Iksan Muhamad , Irwan Irwan , Samritin Samritin , Alzarliani Wa Ode , Lawelai Herman
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAK                                                                                     Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk membantu mahasiswa memanfaatkan program Mendeley untuk secara otomatis menghasilkan kutipan dan daftar pustaka saat menulis karya ilmiah. Sebab, salah satu tanda karya tulis berkualitas tinggi adalah tidak adanya plagiarisme, yang sering muncul karena kurangnya informasi seseorang tentang strategi mengutip atau bagaimana melakukan kutipan. Oleh karena itu, mahasiswa khususnya harus dipersiapkan dengan informasi mengenai sitasi yang tepat agar dapat menghasilkan karya ilmiah yang berkualitas untuk dipublikasikan di jurnal nasional/internasional. Beberapa aplikasi yang dapat diakses, seperti Mendeley, Endnote, dan Zootero, dapat digunakan untuk mengelola referensi yang berasal dari buku atau jurnal. Ketersediaan alat penulisan kutipan seperti Mendeley memungkinkan penulis untuk menangani bahan referensi mereka. Berdasarkan temuan pelaksanaan kegiatan, terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan peserta tentang Aplikasi Mendeley sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan. Namun, beberapa peserta belum bisa menangani instalasi aplikasi di laptop dan MS Word, serta memanfaatkan alat Mendeley untuk menyusun daftar pustaka, sehingga mereka harus terus didukung dan diarahkan bahkan setelah pelatihan selesai. Kata kunci: Pelatihan Sitasi; Software Mendeley; Daftar Pustak; Karya Tulis Ilmiah. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this service is to help students take advantage of the Mendeley program to automatically generate citations and bibliography when writing scientific papers. Because, one sign of high-quality writing is the absence of plagiarism, which often arises due to a person's lack of information about citing strategies or how to quote. Therefore, students, in particular, must be prepared with information on appropriate citations in order to produce quality scientific works to be published in national/international journals. Several accessible applications, such as Mendeley, Endnote, and Zotero, can be used to manage references from books or journals. The availability of citation writing tools such as Mendeley allows authors to handle their reference material. Based on the findings of the activity implementation, there was an increase in participants' knowledge and abilities about the Mendeley Application before and after the training. However, some of the participants were not able to handle the installation of applications on laptops and MS Word and used Mendeley's tools to compile a bibliography, so they had to continue to be supported and directed even after the training was over.  Keywords: Citation Training; Mendeley Software; Bibliography; Scientific papers.
PELATIHAN PARAFRASE UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PLAGIASI PADA PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH MAHASISWA
Authors: Lawelai Herman , Sadat Anwar , Suherman Ansar , Maulana Harry Fajar , Nazar Asrul
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAK                                                                                     Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk membantu mahasiswa memanfaatkan Aplikasi Parafrase diperlukan saat menulis artikel ilmiah untuk menghindari plagiarisme. Akibatnya, ini penting untuk semua mahasiswa. Namun, mahasiswa semester tujuh di Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton belum menguasai pendekatan parafrase yang tepat. Bakat ini dapat dikembangkan dengan membaca terus-menerus atau melalui penggunaan aplikasi internet gratis atau komersial. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam tiga tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian melalui penyebaran angket kepada mahasiswa atas kegiatan yang telah diselesaikan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini berlangsung di Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan menyediakan alat parafrase untuk membantu mahasiswa dalam mengurangi plagiarisme; Namun demikian, alat-alat tersebut harus dibaca ulang oleh mahasiswa agar makna dari artikel yang dikutip tetap konsisten. Menurut hasil survei yang didistribusikan melalui Google Form, 6,6 persen mahasiswa menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak dapat menggunakan perangkat lunak parafrase yang diajarkan selama layanan, sementara 93,4 persen menyatakan bahwa mereka dapat menggunakan program parafrase yang diajarkan. Kata kunci: Aplikasi; Parafrase; Plagiarisme; Karya Tulis Ilmiah. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this service is to help students take advantage of the necessary Paraphrasing Application when writing scientific articles to avoid plagiarism. Consequently, it is important for all students. However, the seventh semester students at the Muhammadiyah University of Buton have not mastered the right paraphrasing approach. This talent can be developed by constant reading or through the use of free or commercial internet applications. This activity is carried out in three stages, namely planning, implementation, and assessment through distributing questionnaires to students on the activities that have been completed. This community service activity took place at the Muhammadiyah University of Buton. This activity is carried out by providing a paraphrasing tool to assist students in reducing plagiarism; However, these tools must be re-read by students so that the meaning of the quoted articles remains consistent. According to the results of a survey distributed via Google Forms, 6.6 percent of students indicated that they were unable to use the taught paraphrasing software during the service, while 93.4 percent stated that they could use the taught paraphrasing program. Keywords: Application; Paraphrasing; plagiarism; Scientific papers.
EDUKASI KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN RISIKO REPRODUKSI REMAJA
Authors: Tarsikah Tarsikah , Syamsiyah Retno M , Salsabilla Lutfia , Hidayati Nurul Hidayati
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAK                                                                                     Rasa keingintahuan yang besar pada diri remaja, akan memunculkan dorongan perilaku seperti orang dewasa, sehingga berpotensi melakukan perilaku kesehatan yang berisiko. Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan  dan konseling sangat dibutuhkan untuk  mencegah perilaku seksual dan perilaku berisiko lainnya. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan edukasi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja usia 14-15 tahun tentang kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Metode pelaksanaan menggunakan  pendekatan edukatif , dengan metode ceramah, tanya jawab dan diskusi. Media yang digunakan adalah ppt, video pembelajaran dan  spinner education.  Mitra kegiatan adalah SMPN 2 Tumpang Kabupaten Malang, dengan sasaran 20 orang remaja putri usia 14-15 tahun. Evaluasi kognitif dilakukan dengan soal pre dan post test  dan keaktifan peserta dalam merespon dan menjawab  pertanyaan pemateri. Hasil  kegiatan didapatkan skor rata rata nilai pre test 83, setelah dilakukan edukasi rata rata 92.  Kegiatan ini perlu ditindaklanjuti oleh sekolah berupa kegiatan rutin pemberian edukasi melalui usaha kesehatan sekolah (UKS) dan siswi yang telah mendapatkan edukasi diharapkan bisa meneruskan informasi tersebut kepada teman sebayanya.Kata kunci: edukasi; kesehatan reproduksi, remaja. ABSTRACTA great sense of curiosity in adolescents, will encourage behavior like adults, so that they have the potential to carry out risky health behaviors. The provision of health education and counseling is urgently needed to prevent sexual behavior and other risky behaviors. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide education to increase the knowledge of adolescents aged 14-15 years about adolescent reproductive health. The implementation method uses an  educational approach, with the lecture method, question and answer and discussion. The media used are ppt, learning videos and spinner education. The activity partner is SMPN 2 Tumpang, Malang Regency, with a target of 20 adolensence  aged 14-15 years. Cognitive evaluation was carried out with pre and post test questions and the activeness of participants in responding to and answering questions from the presenters. The results of the activity obtained an average pre-test score of 83, after education an average of 92. This activity needs to be followed up by the school in the form of routine educational activities through the School Health  and students who have received education are expected to be able to pass on the information to their peers. . Keywords: education; health reproduction, adolescent