bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L. RYDÉN. The Life of St. Andrews the Fool
Authors: Ludwig Claudia
Published: January 2008

Dem Erscheinen der seit etwa zwanzig Jahren angekündigten Edition der Vita des Andreas Salos (im folgenden VA) durch L. Rydén (im folgenden R.) ist mit großem Interesse entgegengesehen worden, zumal R. in der Zwischenzeit schon mehrere Arbeiten vorgelegt hat, die auf seinem neuen Text basierten. Möglicherweise hat dieser lange Zeitraum dafür gesorgt, daß man besonders hohe Erwartungen in das Werk gesetzt hat, an denen es nun nach seinem Erscheinen gemessen wird. Das Werk umfaßt zwei Bände, von denen der erste das Abkürzungsverzeichnis, eine ausführliche Einleitung und die Indizes, der zweite den Text, eine Übersetzung ins Englische und den Kommentar enthält.
J. HALDON, The Byzantine Wars: Battles and campaigns of the Byzantine era
Authors: Strässle Paul Meinrad
Published: January 2008

John Haldons (H.) reich illustrierte Monographie vermittelt einen weiterführenden Einblick in die komplexen Zusammenhänge von Kriegführung und militärischer Organisation im Byzanz des 6. bis 12. Jh.s.
J. PAHLITZSCH, Graeci und Suriani im Palästina der Kreuzfahrerzeit. Beiträge und Quellen zur Geschichte des griechisch-orthodoxen Patriarchats von Jerusalem
Authors: Todt Klaus-Peter
Published: January 2008

Die kirchen- und dogmengeschichtliche Forschung hat die Beschäftigung mit der Geschichte der Christen im mittelalterlichen Nahen Osten lange vernachlässigt. Für die Zeit nach 700 reduzierte sich Kirchengeschichte in den meisten einschlägigen Handbüchern weitgehend auf die Darstellung der Entwicklung der abendländischen Kirche. Abgesehen von griechischen, russischen und arabischen Arbeiten, die schon aus sprachlichen Gründen meist wenig Beachtung fanden, beschäftigten sich nur wenige Abhandlungen von Spezialisten, die Kenntnisse der orientalischen Sprachen besaßen, mit der Geschichte der einheimischen Christen des Nahen Ostens nach dem 7. Jahrhundert. Erst seit neuester Zeit sind mehrbändige Darstellungen der Kirchengeschichte greifbar, die auch die Geschichte der östlichen Kirchen in befriedigender Weise miteinbeziehen. Wie der von Pahlitzsch in der Einleitung (S. 13–18) gegebene Überblick über den Forschungsstand zeigt, ist jedoch in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten auch eine Zunahme der wissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit der Kirchengeschichte und der gesellschaftlichen Situation der griechisch-orthodoxen Melkiten in den Kreuzfahrerstaaten zu beobachten.
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit, Erste Abteilung (641–867). 4. Band: Platon-Theopylaktos (6266–8345), 5. Band: Theophylaktos – az-Zubair – Anonymi (8346–12149). Nach Vorarbeiten von Friedhelm Winkelmann, erstellt v. R.-J. LILIE u.a.
Authors: Trapp Erich
Published: January 2008

In ungewöhnlich schneller Folge erschienen die beiden letzten Bände der ersten Reihe dieses für die byzantinische Prosopographie unentbehrlichen Instrumentum studiorum; folgen sollen noch Addenda, Corrigenda und Register. Dieses Jahr war aber auch insofern bedeutsam, als im April 2001 das britische Parallelunternehmen mit der Veröffentlichung einer CD “Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire (PBE) I” seinen Abschluß fand, wodurch sich für Benutzer und Rezensenten die reizvolle Aufgabe des Vergleichs eröffnet. Zwar haben sowohl Martindale (besonders in den Prolegomena zur PMBZ 1998, 304–7) als auch Lilie (zuletzt in den Pré-Actes des 20. internationalen Byzantinistenkongresses, Paris 2001, 1. Séances pléniéres, 417f.) die wesentlichen Unterschiede bereits hervorgehoben, doch werden sich im folgenden von der Warte des außenstehenden Nichtmitarbeiters aus so manche Beobachtungen ergeben. Festzuhalten ist jedenfalls, daß im hier zu rezensierenden Werk wesentlich mehr Quellen – besonders hagiographische, aber auch sigillographische, epigraphische u.a. – ausgewertet wurden. Allerdings dürfte die Bilanz für die CD etwas günstiger als die von Lilie angenommenen zwei Drittel des Namensbestandes der Buchausgabe ausfallen, wenn man die ungleich stärkere Aufnahme von Anonymi (2149 gegenüber 940) sowie von einigen Hundert Personen in Rechnung stellt, die bereits in der PLRE vorkommen (aus Siegeln) bzw. nach Zeit (zu frühe Inschriften) oder Echtheit (fiktive Namen der Hagiographie) höchst fragwürdig erscheinen. Im übrigen wird abzuwarten sein, inwieweit Indices das oftmals mühsame Nachschlagen in der PMBZ erleichtern und eine Konkurrenz zu den ausgezeichneten Suchmöglichkeiten der englischen CD darstellen können.
A Fourteenth-Century Homiliary for Nuns: Structure, Composition and Context of MS. CROMWELL 22
Authors: Lappin Barbara Crostini
Published: January 2008

MS. Cromwell 22 was among the Greek books thought to have been donated by Oliver Cromwell, Lord-Proctor and Chancellor of the University of Oxford, to the Bodleian Library in 1654. It received its first full description in the catalogue of Greek manuscripts compiled by Coxe. A modern approach to the description of the codex can be found in the entry that Cromwell 22 obtained in the catalogue of illuminated manuscripts by Irmgard Hutter, principally thanks to a headpiece arabesqued in penwork at p. 22.
Pachomios Calogerus und die Griechischkenntnisse des Johannes de Ragusio
Authors: Hajdú Kerstin
Published: January 2008

In einem an den Präsidenten des Basler Konzils, den Kardinallegaten Giuliano Cesarini gerichteten Brief vom 9. Februar 1436 erzählt der Konzilsgesandte Johannes de Ragusio aus Konstantinopel von seinen mit dem Patriarchen Ioseph II. geführten Verhandlungen über die geplante Kirchenunion. Er spricht von dem greisen Patriarchen im Ton größter Bewunderung und erzählt, daß er sich auch nach vier- oder fünfstündigen Gesprächen von ihm nur schweren Herzens trennen könne: certe, quando venio ad ipsum solus, cum interprete tamen Bathomio calogero, qui fuit in Concilio cum Ysidoro, per quatuor aut per quinque horas, non valeo ab ipso separari.
Ein astronomischer Text von Nikephoros Blemmydes in der Kontroverse um das Filioque (1285). Ist es ein Plagiat?
Authors: Lampsidis Odysseus
Published: January 2008

Weder der offizielle Staat noch die Gesellschaft, und besonders die Schriftsteller, scheinen im Byzanz zu betonen oder zu erkennen, daß die Fälschung bzw. das «Plagiat» ein strafbares Vergehen – der herrschenden Meinung der Neuzeit gemäß – ausmacht. Das «Plagiat» hat meines Wissens die Forscher der byzantinischen Literatur nicht so beschäftigt, daß die Arbeiten von Stemplinger und Ziegler über das Plagiat in der Antike auch für Byzanz fortgesetzt würden. Weder Franz Dölger noch Sp. Troianos und K. Pitsakis, die sich mit den unechten bzw. gefälschten juristischen und anderen offiziellen Schriften befaßten, haben das «Plagiat» bei den byzantinischen Autoren speziell behandelt. Und doch gibt es Anzeichen dafür, daß beim Verfassen eines neuen Werkes frühere Schriften oder Werke von ähnlichem Inhalt in größerem Ausmaß herangezogen wurden.
Titoli bilingui e la biblioteca di Manuele Crisolora
Authors: Rollo Antonio
Published: January 2008

Giovanni Mercati, nella monografia sugli scritti e i codici d'Isidoro di Kiev, notava, nel Vat. gr. 138, manoscritto del sec. XI con le Vite di Plutarco, la presenza ripetuta di un titolo bilingue: «πλουτάϱχου παϱάλληλα/ plutarchi parallila». L'osservazione gli dava spunto per rilevare la comparsa di titoli bilingui in una serie di altri codici greci Vaticani (Vat. gr. 30, 81, 87, 191, 226, 1324, 1335, 2176, Urb. gr. 123), nonché in due latini (Vat. lat. 947 e Chis. H VI 179) e in un Laurenziano (plut. 28, 13). A questo elenco lo stesso Mercati aggiungeva in seguito un altro codice della Vaticana, l'Urb. gr. 124. Le caratteristiche grafiche e ortografiche di questi titoli lo inducevano a postulare «la provenienza o l'esame di quei codici da parte di un solo individuo», e in particolare a riconoscervi uno studioso greco.
Feminist psychology, conversation analysis and empirical research
Authors: Weatherall Ann
Published: January 2008

Drawing on feminist psychology and conversation analysis, this paper argues in support of an empirical programme that pays close attention to the details of talk while avoiding assumptions of gender essentialism. A short data fragment is presented. The analysis points to the kind of interpretation relying on speakers’ identities that has been the target of much recent critique by gender and language scholars. It also illustrates a membership categorisation analysis of the data. The question posed is why the age and gender identity categories get used in the way they do. The analysis shows that the form and serial position of the identity categories within a single utterance produces a commonsense knowledge, albeit local and idiosyncratic, of age and gender.
Implicit Religion
Authors: Lord Karen
Published: January 2008

This article provides a foundational definition of implicit religion, using the characteristics identified by the research of Edward Bailey, and examines the applicability of this construct as a research tool in the analysis of religious behaviour. Types of implicit religion and their relationship to concepts such as civil religion, folk religion, invisible religion and wild religion are discussed, demonstrating that the boundaries of religion are not objectively defined. The paper concludes by recommending the construct of implicit religion as a tool to gain a new perspective on the study of religious behaviour.
Relative Permeability Correlation for Mixed-Wet Reservoirs
Authors: Kjosavik A. , Ringen J. K. , Skjæveland S. M.
Published: January 2008

A two-phase (oil-water) relative permeability correlation for mixed-wet reservoir rock is developed and validated in this paper, including bounding drainage and imbibition processes and scanning hysteresis loops, all integrated with the corresponding changes in capillary pressure.

The Corey-Burdine type relative permeability correlation is widely used in the industry. It was originally developed for water-wet reservoirs from a Brooks-Corey power-law capillary pressure correlation in combination with a bundle-of-tubes model of the pore network.

We have adjusted the Brooks-Corey capillary pressure correlation to be valid for mixed-wet rock and now present the ensuing Corey-Burdine relative permeability correlation for mixed-wet reservoirs.

The functional form of the relative permeability correlation is symmetric with respect to fluid-dependent properties since neither fluid is privileged in a mixed-wet environment. It reverts to the standard Corey-Burdine correlation for the completely water- or oil-wet case. A water-wet behavior is displayed at low water saturations and an oil-wet behavior at low oil saturations, in accordance with experiments. The correlation provides an inverted S-shape oil relative permeability curve with an inflection point, and closed hysteresis scanning loops, as observed.

The correlation is validated by comparison with measured relative permeability curves and simultaneously measured capillary pressure and relative permeability curves from the literature.

The correlations and hysteresis logic are easily programmed, and we suggest that the Killough hysteresis model, employed in many numerical reservoir simulators, should be updated with the new scheme.
Effect of Formation Damage, Length and Reservoir Thickness on the Inflow Performance of Horizontal Wells
Authors: Menouar Habib , Al-Majed Abdulaziz , Hassan Syed Sajid
Published: January 2008

Horizontal wells offer many advantages, compared to vertical ones. However up to now, their performance did not always live up to expectation especially in the Middle East where vertical wells are commonly naturally prolific. This has been attributed in general to near well bore formation damage. Because of their large contact area of reservoir rock, horizontal wells are more susceptible to drilling and workover induced formation damage than vertical ones. The effect of skin damage on horizontal wells has been abundantly discussed in the literature; however, the method of handling the calculations varies from one author to the other. In most cases, the authors did not take into consideration friction, the variation of skin along the horizontal section of the well and the perforation distribution. It is common now to drill very long horizontal wells where the skin may vary along the well. Therefore, it is important to estimate the real contribution of the different sections of the horizontal well to the total production of the well and the role of formation damage and friction in the overall performance of the well.

The present paper addresses the case of highly permeable reservoirs displaying variable skin along the horizontal section of the well. Friction losses as well as perforation distribution are taken into account. A literature survey is conducted in order to understand the role of formation damage and friction. A semi analytical approach is used to study the simultaneous effect of perforation distribution, near well bore formation damage and friction losses on the production of horizontal wells. The results show the effect of various well parameters such as well length, anisotropy ratio, skin and perforation distribution on the inflow performance of the horizontal well. The study shows particularly that:

For short horizontal wells, formation damage does not significantly penalize horizontal wells. This is particularly true for thin reservoirs. For medium horizontal wells: ·For thin reservoirs, formation damage moderately affects the production of horizontal wells. For example, for the case studied, where the skin S=10, the production loss is only about 20% while for S=30, the production loss is 45%.·For thick reservoirs, the situation is not the same. For example, the production loss of a damaged well with a skin of 10 is about 70% and the production loss of a damaged well with S=30 is almost 95%. For long horizontal wells: ·For thin reservoirs, the production loss due to formation damage is still not excessive. It is only 35% for S=10 and about half when the skin reaches 24.·For thick reservoirs however, horizontal wells become very sensitive to formation damage. Even for a skin of 10, the production loss may exceed 95%. The larger the fraction of the well open to production, the more severe is the impairment.
Development and Application of Underground Gas Storage Simulator
Authors: Kurihara Masanori , Liang Jialing , Fujimoto Fujio , Nghiem Long , Sammon Peter
Published: January 2008

Japan National Oil Corporation (JNOC) is conducting a survey on underground gas storage (UGS) using inert gas as cushion gas, which makes good use of assets of depleted gas or gas condensate reservoirs. Since the Japanese regulation for a heating value of city gas is extremely strict, a heating value and hence composition of gas withdrawn from those reservoirs must be carefully predicted to properly design UGS projects.

JNOC has developed an UGS simulator, which can rigorously evaluate a heating value of withdrawn gas taking into consideration all the major phenomena that possibly affect composition of withdrawn gas.

A conventional cubic equation of state (EOS) based 3-D compositional simulator and a PVT simulator were improved to construct the UGS simulator equipped with the functions for calculating physical phenomena: a) molecular diffusion and velocity dependent dispersion, b) three-phase flash including dissolution of gaseous components into water and vaporization of water, c) adsorption of gaseous components onto a rock surface and d) turbulence and Klinkenberg effects. In addition, new functions of MPFA (Multi-Point Flux Approximation) and TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) scheme with local grid refinement in a corner point geometry were incorporated into the simulator to rigorously calculate a fluid flux with permeability tensors and to reduce numerical dispersion, respectively. Furthermore, functions to calculate temperature distributions both in a reservoir and wellbore were added to examine the effect of cooling caused by gas injection and adiabatic expansion on fluid flow and gas composition.

Each function newly developed for the UGS simulator was then validated through test runs using laboratory test data. Field scale simulations for hypothetical reservoirs were also conducted to confirm the simulator's performance as well as to examine the effect of cushion gas volume, working gas volume, reservoir heterogeneity and in situ gas composition on withdrawn gas composition.

This paper describes the development and validation of the UGS simulator followed by the results of field scale simulation runs.
Role of Geoscience and Engineering Software in Reservoir Management
Authors: Satter Abdus , Baldwin James O. , Jespersen Rich
Published: January 2008

Integrated geoscience and engineering software plays a key role in providing reservoir performance analysis, which is needed to develop management plan, as well as to monitor, evaluate, and operate the reservoir. As opposed to only one reservoir life, the software can simulate many lives for the reservoir under different scenarios, and thus provide a very powerful tool to optimize reservoir operations.

This presentation will discuss how to build an integrated geoscience/engineering reservoir model, which dictates the accuracy of the computed performance results, and illustrates the role that software plays in reservoir management with the following examples:

▪ Newly discovered offshore oil field How to create an economically viable development plan i.e., natural depletion, or natural depletion augmented by water injection, and well spacing requiring the number of wells and platforms, based upon simulation studies and economic analyses? ▪ Nigeria's North Apoi /Funiwa Field How did a team of geoscientists and engineers evaluate, using integrated software, the past and future reservoir performance under various operating conditions, and more than double the reserves of this mature offshore field? ▪ Waterflood Project Development How to engineer an economically viable waterflood development plan for a primary depleted reservoir, considering peripheral and patterns floods?

It was concluded that integrated software is now playing a key role in reservoir management. Software provides the opportunity to quickly and inexpensively test the various ways to produce a field. In addition, software can be effectively utilized to choose the most economically viable way to exploit an asset.
Coiled Tubing for SlimHole Cementing and Completing
Authors: Caproni Cristiano , Di Iorio Maurizio , Fornasari Sergio
Published: January 2008

Current trends in the oil and gas industry are focusing more heavily on operational efficiency and cost reduction than ever before. Therefore, operators and service companies are investigating any technique that offers possibility for improvement in these areas, and this explains the recently renewed interest in the monobore and slimhole concepts.

The most obvious savings are those that relate to:

the size of the rig required to drill the hole the amount of well control material used during the drilling of the hole the quantity of cement required to cement the casing string in place the size and quantity of tubing and casing required to complete the well the discharge of drill cuttings would be dramatically reduced.

This paper will review a new equipment design that is ideally suited for use with coiled tubing to perform a cement job in slimhole wells.

This innovative technique is performed with 2-in. coiled tubing. A special device, which is made up with an educated J-slot and a 2.55-in. seal at the end of the coiled tubing, will engage and disengage automatically from a seal bore receptacle that is placed at the end of the 3-½-in. casing string.

This tool is retrieved, easily redressed and re-used. It can be sheared so that the coiled tubing can be pulled in the event a catastrophic event occurs during the cement job.

This tool reduces the contamination of cement. In addition, it offers an economical method for cementing in scenarios in which a standard cement job cannot be performed. For example, when a control-line-activated landing nipple is used in the casing/tubing string, there is risk of depositing cement in the landing nipple bore and plugging the control line when using traditional cementing techniques.

This paper describes the operational procedures, benefits of the system, and a slimhole completion design adopted by ENI-AGIP to take advantage of the benefits of the system.
New Techniques for Hydraulic Fracturing in the Hassi Messaoud Field
Authors: van Batenburg Diederik , Halliburton B. V. , Amor Bachir Ben , Belhaouas Rafik
Published: January 2008

The Hassi Messaoud oilfield is a thick sandstone reservoir in the north-eastern part of central Algeria. The reservoir was discovered in 1956 and produces from a Cambrian-age sandstone at approximately 3400 meters depth. Hydraulic fracturing has been successfully used to improve oil production since 1990. Pre-treatment injection tests have been conducted on approximately 250 wells and proppant has actually been placed in approximately 200 wells. The 50 wells on which only injection tests were conducted were reviewed. The review showed that there were three main reasons why treatments were aborted after the injection tests: (1) mechanical failure of the well, (2) treating pressure too high, and (3) fracture geometry, as interpreted from temperature logs, created outside target interval.

In order to increase the success rate of the treatments two new techniques were recently introduced. Propellant stimulation techniques were used to reduce fracture initiation pressures and to control the fracture initiation point.A dual fracturing technique was introduced to control downward growth of the created fractures.

The paper presents three well-documented case histories to illustrate the application of these new techniques. The data presented includes pre- and post-treatment production, peak pressures from the propellant runs, temperature and radioactive tracer logs from after the injection tests, and radioactive tracer logs that show the actual placement of the proppant.
A Double Standard in Death? Gender Differences in Obituaries
Authors: Ogletree Shirley Matile , Pena Daniella , Figueroa Patricia
Published: January 2008

Male/female differences in aging-related issues may extend beyond individuals' actual lives. Gender differences in 869 obituaries, death notices, and memorials were examined. Males, compared to females, had significantly more lines describing careers. Support was also found for a possible double standard in obituary pictures; while pictures were more likely to be included in male than female obituaries, the discrepancy between actual age and estimated pictured age was significantly greater for women than men. This greater emphasis on careers for men and younger appearance for women in obituaries parallels gendered expectations for adult men and women in our society.
Liver-Specific Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor α Target Gene Regulation by the Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blocker Telmisartan
Authors: Clemenz Markus , Frost Nikolaj , Schupp Michael , Caron Sandrine , Foryst-Ludwig Anna , Böhm Christian , Hartge Martin , Gust Ronald , Staels Bart , Unger Thomas , Kintscher Ulrich
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—The angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) γ modulator telmisartan has been recently demonstrated to reduce plasma triglycerides in nondiabetic and diabetic hypertensive patients. The present study investigates the molecular mechanisms of telmisartans hypolipidemic actions, in particular its effect on the PPARα pathway.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Regulation of PPARα target genes by telmisartan was studied by real-time PCR and Western immunoblotting in vitro and in vivo in liver/skeletal muscle of mice with diet-induced obesity. Activation of the PPARα ligand binding domain (LBD) was investigated using transactivation assays.

RESULTS—Telmisartan significantly induced the PPARα target genes carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) in human HepG2 cells and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) in murine AML12 cells in the micromolar range. Telmisartan-induced CPT1A stimulation was markedly reduced after small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of PPARα. Telmisartan consistently activated the PPARα-LBD as a partial PPARα agonist. Despite high in vitro concentrations required for PPARα activation, telmisartan (3 mg · kg−1 · day−1) potently increased ACSL1 and CPT1A expression in liver from diet-induced obese mice associated with a marked decrease of hepatic and serum triglycerides. Muscular CPT1B expression was not affected. Tissue specificity of telmisartan-induced PPARα target gene induction may be the result of previously reported high hepatic concentrations of telmisartan.

CONCLUSIONS—The present study identifies the ARB/PPARγ modulator telmisartan as a partial PPARα agonist. As a result of its particular pharmacokinetic profile, PPARα activation by telmisartan seems to be restricted to the liver. Hepatic PPARα activation may provide an explanation for telmisartan's antidyslipidemic actions observed in recent clinical trials.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates GLUT4 Transcription by Phosphorylating Histone Deacetylase 5
Authors: McGee Sean L. , van Denderen Bryce J.W. , Howlett Kirsten F. , Mollica Janelle , Schertzer Jonathan D. , Kemp Bruce E. , Hargreaves Mark
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—Insulin resistance associated with obesity and diabetes is ameliorated by specific overexpression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine these mechanisms.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS—Here, we report that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates GLUT4 transcription through the histone deacetylase (HDAC)5 transcriptional repressor. Overexpression of HDAC5 represses GLUT4 reporter gene expression, and HDAC inhibition in human primary myotubes increases endogenous GLUT4 gene expression. In vitro kinase assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and site-specific phospho-antibodies establish AMPK as an HDAC5 kinase that targets S259 and S498. Constitutively active but not dominant-negative AMPK and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR) treatment in human primary myotubes results in HDAC5 phosphorylation at S259 and S498, association with 14-3-3 isoforms, and H3 acetylation. This reduces HDAC5 association with the GLUT4 promoter, as assessed through chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and HDAC5 nuclear export, concomitant with increases in GLUT4 gene expression. Gene reporter assays also confirm that the HDAC5 S259 and S498 sites are required for AICAR induction of GLUT4 transcription.

CONCLUSIONS—These data reveal a signal transduction pathway linking cellular energy charge to gene transcription directed at restoring cellular and whole-body energy balance and provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment and management of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Association of the Distal Region of the Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 Gene With Type 2 Diabetes in an African-American Population Enriched for Nephropathy
Authors: Keene Keith L. , Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , Smith Shelly G. , Leak Tennille S. , Perlegas Peter S. , Langefeld Carl D. , Freedman Barry I. , Rich Stephen S. , Bowden Donald W. , Sale Michèle M.
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—Variants in the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) gene have shown positive associations with diabetes and related phenotypes, including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, evidence for linkage for type 2 diabetes in African Americans was observed at 6q24-27, with the proximal edge of the peak encompassing the ENPP1 gene. Our objective was to comprehensively evaluate variants in ENPP1 for association with type 2 diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Forty-nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the coding and flanking regions of ENPP1 were genotyped in 577 African-American individuals with type 2 diabetic ESRD and 596 African-American control subjects. Haplotypic association and genotypic association for the dominant, additive, and recessive models were tested by calculating a χ2 statistic and corresponding P value.

RESULTS—Nine SNPs showed nominal evidence for association (P < 0.05) with type 2 diabetic ESRD in one or more genotypic model. The most significant associations were observed with rs7754586 (P = 0.003 dominant model, P = 0.0005 additive, and P = 0.007 recessive), located in the 3′ untranslated region, and an intron 24 SNP (rs1974201: P = 0.004 dominant, P = 0.0005 additive, and P = 0.005 recessive). However, the extensively studied K121Q variant (rs1044498) did not reveal evidence for association with type 2 diabetic ESRD in this African-American population.

CONCLUSIONS—This study was the first to comprehensively evaluate variants of the ENPP1 gene for association in an African-American population with type 2 diabetes and ESRD and suggests that variants in the distal region of the ENPP1 gene may contribute to diabetes or diabetic nephropathy susceptibility in African Americans.
Influence of Delayed Placement of Composites Over Cured Adhesives on Dentin Bond Strength of Single-application Self-etch Systems
Authors: Asaka Y. , Miyazaki M. , Takamizawa T. , Tsubota K. , Moore B. K.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The delay in placement of composite over single-application self-etching adhesive systems was a crucial factor influencing dentin bond strength compared to a composite placed immediately after the polymerization of adhesives.
Restorative Treatment Decision Making with Unaided Visual Examination, Intraoral Camera and Operating Microscope
Authors: Erten H. , Üçtasli M. B. , Akarslan Z. Z. , Uzun Ö , Semiz M.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The use of an intraoral camera aided in the treatment of occlusal surfaces of molars.
Wear Resistance and Surface Roughness of a Newly Devised Adhesive Patch for Sealing Smooth Enamel Surfaces
Authors: Schmidlin P. R. , Göhring T. N. , Roos M. , Zehnder M.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The adhesive patch under investigation showed good wear resistance and clinically tolerable surface roughness values following chemomechanical exposure; therefore, it appeared suitable as a smooth enamel sealant.
Time-based Elution of TEGDMA and BisGMA from Resin Composite Cured with LED, QTH and High-intensity QTH Lights
Authors: Nalçaci A. , Ulusoy N. , Atakol O.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Under the conditions of this study, when compared to standard QTH, both standard LED and high-intensity QTH light curing resulted in lower levels of the elution of TEGDMA, which is suspected to be the prime cause of cytotoxic reactions in resin composite restorations.
Bonding Efficacy of Single-step Self-etch Systems to Sound Primary and Permanent Tooth Dentin
Authors: Uekusa S. , Yamaguchi K. , Miyazaki M. , Tsubota K. , Kurokawa H. , Hosoya Y.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Single-step self-etch systems are capable of producing a predictable bond to primary dentin, although the bond strength was found to be lower than permanent dentin.
Clinical Evaluation of a Nanofilled Composite in Posterior Teeth: 12-month Results
Authors: Dresch W. , Volpato S. , Gomes J. C. , Ribeiro N. R. , Reis A. , Loguercio A. D.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Nanofilled resin composite showed excellent clinical performance, similar to microhybrid and packable composites after 12-months.
Microtensile Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements to Artificially Created Carious Dentin
Authors: Choi K. , Oshida Y. , Platt J. A. , Cochran M. A. , Matis B. A. , Yi K.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The mean microtensile bond strengths of glass ionomer cements to carious dentin were significantly lower than to sound dentin.
Change of Color and Translucency by Light Curing in Resin Composites
Authors: Sidhu S. K. , Ikeda T. , Omata Y. , Fujita M. , Sano H.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

For the precise shade matching of resin composite materials, clinicians should always be aware of the color change caused by light curing.
2-year Clinical Evaluation of Alternative Treatments to Replacement of Defective Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Gordan V. V. , Riley J. L. , Blaser P. K. , Mjör I. A.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Repair offers the most conservative and predictable results for the treatment of amalgam restorations with inadequate marginal adaptation and anatomic form.
2-year Clinical Evaluation of Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment in the Restoration of Non-carious Cervical Lesions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Saboia V. P. A. , Almeida P. C. , Ritter A. V. , Swift E. J. , Pimenta L. A. F.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The use of 10% sodium hypochlorite to remove exposed collagen after acid-etching did not affect the clinical performance of composite restorations of non-carious cervical lesions.
Surface Hardness of Resin Composites After Staining and Bleaching
Authors: Okte Z. , Villalta P. , García-Godoy F. , Lu H. , Powers J. M.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Beverages, such as wine or coffee, and bleaching agents result in decreases in composite surface microhardness from baseline values.
Microleakage Evaluation of a New Low-shrinkage Composite Restorative Material
Authors: Yamazaki P. C. V. , Bedran-Russo A. K. B. , Pereira P. N. R. , Swift E. J.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Incremental placement remains the preferred restorative technique for direct composites. To reduce the effects of polymerization shrinkage on marginal quality, the low-shrink Hermes system might become a good alternative in clinical practice.
Effect of 1-bottle Light-cured Adhesive Acidity on Microleakage of a Self-cured Composite
Authors: Kimyai S. , Oskoee S. Savadi
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The high in vitro microleakage values, with some combinations of 1-bottle light-cured adhesives and self-cured composite core materials, could be clinically significant.
Demineralization Effects of 2 Bleaching Procedures on Enamel Surfaces With and Without Post-treatment Fluoride Application
Authors: Bizhang M. , Seemann R. , Duve G. , Römhild G. , Altenburger M. J. , Jahn K. R. , Zimmer S.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The results of this study suggest that post-treatment fluoride application prevents mineral loss in bleached enamel surfaces.
Properties of a Dental Resin Composite with a Spherical Inorganic Filler
Authors: Lu H. , Lee Y. K. , Oguri M. , Powers J. M.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Of the materials tested in this study, the spherical filler composite (Estelite Σ) had similar properties as the nano-composite (Filtek Supreme). Thus, Estelite Σcan be used in anterior regions and restricted posterior restorations. All the materials had a similar shrinkage pattern, in that about 99% of the shrinkage occurred prior to 24 hours; thus, for direct resin composite restorations, a strong initial bonding strength with bonding agent would be necessary.
In Vitro Evaluation of Giomers Microleakage After Exposure to 33% Hydrogen Peroxide: Self-etch vs Total-etch Adhesives
Authors: Deliperi S. , Bardwell D. N. , Wegley C. , Congiu M. D.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Microleakage of a total-etch adhesive system was not influenced by the application of hydrogen peroxide; conversely, enamel dye penetration significantly increased for a self-etching primer.
Influence of Thermal and Mechanical Load Cycling on Microtensile Bond Strengths of Total and Self-etching Adhesive Systems
Authors: Mitsui F. H. O. , Peris A. R. , Cavalcanti A. N. , Marchi G. M. , Pimenta L. A. F.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Bond strength is affected by the combination of thermal and mechanical load cycling. However, results vary greatly with the number of mechanical cycles and adhesive system type (total or self-etching).
Bonding of Resin Composite Luting Cements to Zirconium Oxide by Two Air-particle Abrasion Methods
Authors: Kumbuloglu O. , Lassila L. V. J. , User A. , Vallittu P. K.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The results of this in vitro study suggest that, in combination with air-particle abrasion methods, Panavia F and RelyX Unicem resin composite luting cements with phosphoric-acid methacrylate content provide a strong resin bond to zirconium oxide.
The Microtensile Bond Strength of Self-etching Adhesives to Ground Enamel
Authors: Brackett W. W. , Ito S. , Nishitani Y. , Haisch L. D. , Pashley D. H.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Bond strength to ground enamel of single component self-etching adhesive systems was lower than that of etch-and-rinse and self-etching primer systems.
DIAGNOdent Measurements and Correlation with the Depth and Volume of Minimally Invasive Cavity Preparations
Authors: Hamilton J. C. , Gregory W. A. , Valentine J. B.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Measurements from DIAGNOdent were not strongly correlated with the depth or volume of cavity preparations that resulted from carious lesions in the pits and fissures of posterior teeth.
Effect of Placement Agitation and Placement Time on the Shear Bond Strength of 3 Self-etching Adhesives
Authors: Velasquez L. M. , Sergent R. S. , Burgess J. O. , Mercante D. E.
Published: January 2008

This study measured the shear bond strength (SBS) of 3 self-etching bonding agents to enamel and dentin with and without agitation at 3 different application times. The null hypotheses tested were that agitation and application time have no effect on bond strength. Occlusal surfaces of 180 recently extracted caries-free human molars were wet ground with 600 grit wet-dry silica carbide abrasive paper to obtain a flat enamel surface. The teeth were divided into 18 groups of 10 teeth. Three self-etching bonding agents, Clearfil SE BOND (Kuraray America), Xeno III (Dentsply) and AdheSE (Ivoclar-Vivadent) were applied using application times of 10, 20 or 30 seconds with or without agitation, thinned with a gentle stream of air and cured for 10 seconds, according to manufacturers' directions. Z100 (3M ESPE) composite, A2 shade, was placed over the cured adhesive and cured for 40 seconds. The samples were stored in distilled water at room temperature until testing. The samples were tested in shear to failure with a 1-mm/minute crosshead speed. After enamel shear bond strength testing, the teeth were again ground with 400 and 600-grit wet-dry SiC paper to obtain a flat dentin surface. The protocol used for preparing the enamel bond test samples was repeated, and the teeth were stored until testing in distilled water at room temperature. The samples were again tested in shear at a 1-mm/minute crosshead speed. Values were converted to MPa and data analyzed for intergroup differences using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. Agitation did not improve enamel SBS for any of the materials tested, but there was a significant difference in enamel SBS among materials: Clearfil SE Bond shear bond strength was greater than Xeno III, which was greater than AdheSE. At 10 seconds application time on dentin, agitation improved the Clearfil SE Bond SBS and, at 20 seconds application time on dentin, agitation significantly improved SBS to dentin for all systems tested. Agitation had no affect when the adhesive was applied to dentin for 30 seconds. Clearfil SE Bond SBS to dentin was significantly higher than the other self-etching adhesives tested except at 10 seconds without agitation.
Influence of Resin Composite Shade and Location of the Gingival Margin on the Microleakage of Posterior Restorations
Authors: Araujo F. O. , Vieira L. C. C. , Monteiro S.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

In terms of marginal sealing, different shades cannot be considered a determining factor for the performance of the resin composite studied.
Influence of Additional Adhesive Application on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems
Authors: Silva A. L. F. , Lima D. A. N. L. , Souza G. M. D. , Santos C. T. D. , Paulillo L. A. M. S.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Applying an additional layer of solvent-free adhesive systems increased adhesive thickness and did not affect bond strength. This thicker adhesive layer may help to preserve the integrity of the restoration by acting as a stress-absorbing layer.
Buonocore Memorial Lecture
Authors: Nör J. E.
Published: January 2008

For many years, operative dentistry has been using regenerative approaches to treat dental disease. The use of calcium hydroxide to stimulate reparative or reactionary dentin is clearly an example of such a therapeutic strategy. The advent of tissue engineering is allowing dentistry to move forward in the use of regeneration as an underlying principle for the treatment of dental disease. Tissue engineering is a multi-disciplinary science that brings together biology, engineering and clinical sciences with developing new tissues and organs. It is based on fundamental principles that involve the identification of appropriate cells, the development of conducive scaffolds and an understanding of the morphogenic signals required to induce cells to regenerate the tissues that were lost. This review is focused on the presentation and discussion of existing literature that covers the engineering of enamel, dentin and pulp, as well on the engineering of entire teeth. There are clearly major roadblocks to overcome before such strategies move to the clinic and are used regularly to treat patients. However, existing evidence strongly suggests that the engineering of new dental structures to replace tissues lost during the process of caries or trauma will have a place in the future of operative dentistry.
Effect of Various Surface Treatments on the Microleakage and Ultrastructure of Resin-tooth Interface
Authors: Nagpal R. , Tewari S. , Gupta R.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Under both moist and dry conditions, the application of sodium ascorbate on sodium hypochlorite-treated acid-etched dentin reduced microleakage and improved tubular penetration.
The Influence of C-factor, Flexural Modulus and Viscous Flow on Gap Formation in Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: da Silva E. Moreira , dos Santos G. O. , Guimarães J. G. A. , Barcellos A. A. L. , Sampaio E. M.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Resin composites with high viscous flow and low flexural modulus may reduce gap formation in resin composite restorations.
In Vitro Evaluation of Tooth-color Change Using Four Paint-on Tooth Whiteners
Authors: Kishta-Derani M. , Neiva G. , Yaman P. , Dennison D.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The results of this study indicate that Crest Night Effects and Colgate Simply White Night achieve a statistically significant mean number of visual shade changes and mean ΔE*ab Colorimeter readings.
Bond Strengths of Two Adhesive Systems to Dentin Contaminated with a Hemostatic Agent
Authors: Kuphasuk W. , Harnirattisai C. , Senawongse P. , Tagami J.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

A self-etching adhesive exhibited significantly lower bond strength to dentin contaminated with 25% aluminum chloride solution compared to normal dentin, but a total-etching adhesive exhibited no difference in bond strength to either contaminated or normal dentin. Longer primer application of the self-etching adhesive significantly increased the dentin bond strength of the contaminated group.
Color Stability and Degree of Cure of Direct Composite Restoratives After Accelerated Aging
Authors: Sarafianou A. , Iosifidou S. , Papadopoulos T. , Eliades G.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Accelerated hydrothermal- and photo-aging of direct light-cured composite restorative materials induced visually perceptible but clinically acceptable total color changes, along with a reduction in the amount of remaining C=C bonds.
The Effect of Light Curing Source on the Residual Yellowing of Resin Composites
Authors: Brackett M. G. , Brackett W. W. , Browning W. D. , Rueggeberg F. A.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The selection of light curing unit (quartz-tungsten-halogen or blue light-emitting diode), composite classification and shade have an influence on the amount of residual yellow after photocuring and, in some combinations, the color difference may be visually detectable.
The Effect of Desensitizing Treatments on the Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Dentin Mediated by a Self-etching Primer
Authors: Akca T. , Yazici A. R. , Çelik Ç , Özgünaltay G. , Dayangaç B.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Desensitizing treatments, except for self-etching adhesives, might have an adverse effect on the bond strength of a resin composite to dentin mediated by a self-etching primer. Therefore, it might be important for clinicians to evaluate previous desensitizing treatments.
Sealing Ability of Dentin Adhesives/Desensitizer
Authors: Fu B. , Shen Y. , Wang H. , Hannig M.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Depending on the application of the individual adhesives used, dentin adhesives seal dentin surfaces and reduce dentinal permeability. Dentin adhesives possessing a high sealing ability for dentin surfaces are suggested for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
Effect of Mechanical Cycling on the Push-out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts Adhesively Bonded to Human Root Dentin
Authors: Valandro L. F. , Baldissara P. , Galhano G. A. , Melo R. M. , Mallmann A. , Scotti R. , Bottino M. A.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

When adhesively cemented, tested fiber posts are fatigue resistant and appear to have no affect on bond strength to root dentin. Thus, the retention strength of these fiber posts could be maintained for an extended period; however, further studies should be conducted.
Clinical Measurement of Palatal Tooth Wear Following Coating by a Resin Sealing System
Authors: Sundaram G. , Wilson R. , Watson T. F. , Bartlett D.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

This randomized clinical study presents the results of applying a resin-based dentin bonding agent to the palatal surfaces of worn and eroded anterior teeth. The application of the barrier protected the teeth for up to three months.
Increases in Dentin-bond Strength If Doubling Application Time of an Acetone-containing One-step Adhesive
Authors: Toledano M. , Proença J. P. , Erhardt M. C. G. , Osorio E. , Aguilera F. S. , Osorio R. , Tay F. R.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

When treating dentin surfaces with Futurabond one-step self-etch bonding agent, in order to obtain higher microtensile bond strength, doubling the application time of the adhesive should be considered.
The Effect of Soft-start Polymerization by Second Generation LEDs on the Degree of Conversion of Resin Composite
Authors: Soares L. E. S. , Liporoni P. C. S. , Martin A. A.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Photo-polymerization using second generation LED and halogen light in the soft-start mode of curing was able to produce an adequate degree of conversion in resin composites. The lower degree of conversion produced by low power LED in the soft-start mode could lead to restoration failure, degradation of the organic matrix and recurrent caries.
Clinical Evaluation of Three Adhesive Systems for the Restoration of Non-carious Cervical Lesions
Authors: Burrow M. F. , Tyas M. J.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

When esthetics is not critical, resin modified GIC is the best material for restoring non-carious cervical lesions. For highly esthetic restorations, self-etching primer with resin composite is the best material.
The Effect of Chlorhexidine on Dentin Hybrid Layers In Vivo
Authors: Brackett W. W. , Tay F. R. , Brackett M. G. , Dib A. , Sword R. J. , Pashley D. H.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Degradation of dentin hybrid layers in Class I resin composite restorations is minimal over six months but is lessened by the application of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate after etching.
Extended Bleaching of Tetracycline-Stained Teeth: A 5-Year Study
Authors: Matis B. A. , Wang Y. , Eckert G. J. , Cochran M. A. , Jiang T.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

When using a tray delivery technique, tetracycline-stained teeth can be effectively lightened with the extended use of tooth whiteners. Cervical staining is the most difficult area to lighten.