bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Deep Learning Models with Sparse Enhancement Technique for Detection of Newly Grown Tree Leaves
Authors: Chen Shih-Yu , Lin Chinsu , Li Guan-Jie , Hsu Yu-Chun , Liu Keng-Hao
Published: March 2021

The life cycle of leaves, from sprout to senescence, is the phenomenon of regular changes such as budding, branching, leaf spreading, flowering, fruiting, leaf fall, and dormancy due to seasonal climate changes. It is the effect of temperature and moisture in the life cycle on physiological changes, so the detection of newly grown leaves (NGL) is helpful for the estimation of tree growth and even climate change. This study focused on the detection of NGL based on deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) models with sparse enhancement (SE). As the NGL areas found in forest images have similar sparse characteristics, we used a sparse image to enhance the signal of the NGL. The difference between the NGL and the background could be further improved. We then proposed hybrid CNN models that combined U-net and SegNet features to perform image segmentation. As the NGL in the image were relatively small and tiny targets, in terms of data characteristics, they also belonged to the problem of imbalanced data. Therefore, this paper further proposed 3-Layer SegNet, 3-Layer U-SegNet, 2-Layer U-SegNet, and 2-Layer Conv-U-SegNet architectures to reduce the pooling degree of traditional semantic segmentation models, and used a loss function to increase the weight of the NGL. According to the experimental results, our proposed algorithms were indeed helpful for the image segmentation of NGL and could achieve better kappa results by 0.743.
Deep Learning Automated Segmentation for Muscle and Adipose Tissue from Abdominal Computed Tomography in Polytrauma Patients
Authors: Ackermans Leanne L. G. C. , Volmer Leroy , Wee Leonard , Brecheisen Ralph , Sánchez-González Patricia , Seiffert Alexander P. , Gómez Enrique J. , Dekker Andre , Ten Bosch Jan A. , Olde Damink Steven M. W. , Blokhuis Taco J.
Published: March 2021

Manual segmentation of muscle and adipose compartments from computed tomography (CT) axial images is a potential bottleneck in early rapid detection and quantification of sarcopenia. A prototype deep learning neural network was trained on a multi-center collection of 3413 abdominal cancer surgery subjects to automatically segment truncal muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue at the L3 lumbar vertebral level. Segmentations were externally tested on 233 polytrauma subjects. Although after severe trauma abdominal CT scans are quickly and robustly delivered, with often motion or scatter artefacts, incomplete vertebral bodies or arms that influence image quality, the concordance was generally very good for the body composition indices of Skeletal Muscle Radiation Attenuation (SMRA) (Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) = 0.92), Visceral Adipose Tissue index (VATI) (CCC = 0.99) and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Index (SATI) (CCC = 0.99). In conclusion, this article showed an automated and accurate segmentation system to segment the cross-sectional muscle and adipose area L3 lumbar spine level on abdominal CT. Future perspectives will include fine-tuning the algorithm and minimizing the outliers.
Converging Robotic Technologies in Targeted Neural Rehabilitation: A Review of Emerging Solutions and Challenges
Authors: Nizamis Kostas , Athanasiou Alkinoos , Almpani Sofia , Dimitrousis Christos , Astaras Alexander
Published: March 2021

Recent advances in the field of neural rehabilitation, facilitated through technological innovation and improved neurophysiological knowledge of impaired motor control, have opened up new research directions. Such advances increase the relevance of existing interventions, as well as allow novel methodologies and technological synergies. New approaches attempt to partially overcome long-term disability caused by spinal cord injury, using either invasive bridging technologies or noninvasive human–machine interfaces. Muscular dystrophies benefit from electromyography and novel sensors that shed light on underlying neuromotor mechanisms in people with Duchenne. Novel wearable robotics devices are being tailored to specific patient populations, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, and amputated individuals. In addition, developments in robot-assisted rehabilitation may enhance motor learning and generate movement repetitions by decoding the brain activity of patients during therapy. This is further facilitated by artificial intelligence algorithms coupled with faster electronics. The practical impact of integrating such technologies with neural rehabilitation treatment can be substantial. They can potentially empower nontechnically trained individuals—namely, family members and professional carers—to alter the programming of neural rehabilitation robotic setups, to actively get involved and intervene promptly at the point of care. This narrative review considers existing and emerging neural rehabilitation technologies through the perspective of replacing or restoring functions, enhancing, or improving natural neural output, as well as promoting or recruiting dormant neuroplasticity. Upon conclusion, we discuss the future directions for neural rehabilitation research, diagnosis, and treatment based on the discussed technologies and their major roadblocks. This future may eventually become possible through technological evolution and convergence of mutually beneficial technologies to create hybrid solutions.
Optimization of Deep Architectures for EEG Signal Classification: An AutoML Approach Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Aquino-Brítez Diego , Ortiz Andrés , Ortega Julio , León Javier , Formoso Marco , Gan John Q. , Escobar Juan José
Published: March 2021

Electroencephalography (EEG) signal classification is a challenging task due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and the usual presence of artifacts from different sources. Different classification techniques, which are usually based on a predefined set of features extracted from the EEG band power distribution profile, have been previously proposed. However, the classification of EEG still remains a challenge, depending on the experimental conditions and the responses to be captured. In this context, the use of deep neural networks offers new opportunities to improve the classification performance without the use of a predefined set of features. Nevertheless, Deep Learning architectures include a vast number of hyperparameters on which the performance of the model relies. In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing Deep Learning models, not only the hyperparameters, but also their structure, which is able to propose solutions that consist of different architectures due to different layer combinations. The experimental results corroborate that deep architectures optimized by our method outperform the baseline approaches and result in computationally efficient models. Moreover, we demonstrate that optimized architectures improve the energy efficiency with respect to the baseline models.
Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry for Bioanalysis
Authors: Garcia Xavier , Sabaté Maria , Aubets Jorge , Jansat Josep , Sentellas Sonia
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to cover the main strategies based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for the analysis of biological samples. The determination of endogenous and exogenous compounds in such samples is important for the understanding of the health status of individuals. For this reason, the development of new approaches that can be complementary to the ones already established (mainly based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) is welcomed. In this regard, ion mobility spectrometry has appeared in the analytical scenario as a powerful technique for the separation and characterization of compounds based on their mobility. IMS has been used in several areas taking advantage of its orthogonality with other analytical separation techniques, such as liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, or supercritical fluid chromatography. Bioanalysis is not one of the areas where IMS has been more extensively applied. However, over the last years, the interest in using this approach for the analysis of biological samples has clearly increased. This paper introduces the reader to the principles controlling the separation in IMS and reviews recent applications using this technique in the field of bioanalysis.
Progress or Stagnation: Academic Assessments for Sustainable Education in Rural China
Authors: Zhang Haomin , Cheng Xi , Cui Liuran
Published: March 2021

Educational sustainability development (ESD) is central to our sustainable future. To promote inclusive and equitable quality education under the backdrop of sustainable developmental goals (SDGs), we intend to understand how rural students perform in academic studies of post-compulsory high-school education in China by assessing their academic performance based on measurements of four content subjects: Chinese, English, Physics and Biology. A total of 93 senior high school students (Grade 11 and Grade 12) participated in this study and they were enrolled in a rural school from the Guizhou province, China. Our results yielded no significant differences in overall test scores between Grade 11 and Grade 12. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) across grade level showed stagnant progress in English reading and a decrease in science-related subjects, which indicates a plateau of academic achievements in rural secondary education. Furthermore, the interactional analysis identified a gender gap leaning toward male students because boys scored higher than girls in the three tested subjects. Applied implications were discussed with respect to sustainable education development in rural areas.
Public Acceptability of Low Emission Zones: The Case of “Madrid Central”
Authors: Tarriño-Ortiz Javier , Soria-Lara Julio A. , Gómez Juan , Vassallo José Manuel
Published: March 2021

Cities have intensified the adoption of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) to improve urban livability. Despite the high social controversy caused by LEZs in many cities, the scientific literature has paid little attention to study their public acceptability. This paper conducts a modelling approach exploring the impact of four groups of variables on the public acceptability of LEZs: (i) socio-economic and demographic characteristics; (ii) personal attitudes; (iii) travel-related variables; and (iv) perceptions and mobility habits linked to LEZs. The city of Madrid, Spain, is a case study of great interest because a LEZ called “Madrid Central” has been recently implemented. A total of 799 individual questionnaires were used to calibrate an ordered logit model. Results indicate that socio-economic and demographic variables are weakly related to the level of public acceptability towards the LEZ. On the contrary, the political ideology of individuals, their environmental awareness, their primary transport mode, the use of shared mobility systems, and the frequency of access to “Madrid Central” have a higher explanatory power. The results may be useful for policy-makers to understand the factors that increase the public acceptability of LEZs.
Assessing Customer Preferences for Shopping Centers: Effects of Functional and Communication Factors
Authors: Černikovaitė Miglė , Karazijienė Žaneta , Bivainienė Lina , Dambrava Valdas
Published: March 2021

Retail companies operating in Lithuania are very important for the national economy. Domestic consumption has remained one of the most important drivers of Lithuania’s economic development. The objective of this article is to investigate the customer preferences and to identify selected factors of shopping centers in Vilnius, Lithuania. The study of Vilnius shopping centers is based on a complex model that integrates the following factors: shopping center goods and services, customer service, image factors, physical factors, situational factors and demographic characteristics of target consumers. Expert interviews aimed to determine the customer preference factors by perception of professional experts in relation to the phenomenon under study. The consumer survey questionnaire focuses on all the identified factors that determine the choice of a shopping center. This article identifies theoretical factors for the selection of retail shopping centers, reviews the market trends and peculiarities of Vilnius shopping centers, evaluates the factors for the selection and assess functional, emotional and communicational consumer preferences for the choice of Vilnius shopping centers.
Emerging Agro-Rural Complexities in Occident Mexico: Approach from Sustainability Science and Transdisciplinarity
Authors: Subercaseaux Diego , Moreno-Calles Ana I. , Astier Marta , de Jesús Hernández L. José
Published: March 2021

Rural and agricultural modernization and industrialization (RAMI) increased in recent decades in a multiscalar way. RAMI has implied the rural landscape transformation through the arrival of industrial models. These processes have not been linear or unidirectional; heterogeneities, opposites, mosaics, hybridizations, new interactions, problems, and tensions, between traditional and industrial agriculture and other agriculture types, have emerged. We tackle and problematized the RAMI processes, which is a complex and a real-world problem, from Sustainability Science (SS) and transdisciplinarity. Thus, considering studies and experiences in different rural areas in the world, an epistemological positioning is presented, which allows overcoming scientific frontiers and relating it to rural sustainability. We delve into the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin (LPB), Mexico, an area with a strong agricultural tradition (“milpa” systems). Recently, the presence of industrial agriculture (mainly avocado monoculture and berry greenhouses) has increased, occurring the coexistence between peasant-entrepreneurs, indigenous–non-indigenous, and new-rural. The article aims to understand comprehensively the emerging complexities from the RAMI, deepening LPB’s real case. The epistemological approach developed allow us to conceive the interaction and possible complementation between traditional agriculture, industrial agriculture and other agriculture types, and the emergence of an included middle that corresponds to an “emerging complexity”. Finally, relevant topics and questions are highlighted.
Motivation for Learning among Students Undertaking Basic Vocational Training and University Studies within the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Olmedo-Moreno Eva María , Expósito-López Jorge , Romero-Díaz de la Guardia José Javier , Pistón-Rodríguez María Dolores , Parejo-Jiménez Noelia
Published: March 2021

The main aim of the present study is to adapt the academic motivation scale (AMS) for use within basic vocational training and university students. Another aim was to analyze the characteristics of the different dimensions of motivation, whilst also examining existing significant differences between the two studied educational stages. For this, we conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, alongside descriptive and inferential analysis of student responses. One of the main findings was that a reduced version of the AMS, made up of five dimensions and 21 items, demonstrated good internal consistency and fit. Further, we observed that intrinsic motivation is higher in university students, whilst extrinsic motivation is higher during the basic vocational training stage. In addition, we uncovered significant differences between both educational stages with regards to the pleasure felt by students when they better themselves, learn new things and attend the educational center. Differences also emerged in relation to the importance attributed by students to achieving a good and well-paid job. With regards to amotivation, significant differences only exist in relation to the motives students have for attending classes and decision making about whether to continue studying the course they are enrolled on. Finally, we have analyzed how the variables sex, age, prior work experience and volunteering experience, and average grade influence the motivation of students undertaking basic vocational training and university students.
Surface and Underground Geomechanical Characterization of an Area Affected by Instability Phenomena in Zaruma Mining Zone (Ecuador)
Authors: Carrión-Mero Paúl , Aguilar-Aguilar Maribel , Morante-Carballo Fernando , Domínguez-Cuesta María José , Sánchez-Padilla Cristhian , Sánchez-Zambrano Andrés , Briones-Bitar Josué , Blanco-Torrens Roberto , Córdova-Rizo Javier , Berrezueta Edgar
Published: March 2021

In the last decade, in the mining district of Zaruma-Portovelo, there has been significant land subsidence related to uncontrolled mining activity. The purpose of this work was to carry out a surface and underground geomechanical characterization of a mining sector north of the city of Zaruma that allows the definition of potentially unstable areas susceptible to the mass movement. The methodology used consists of the following stages: (i) compilation of previous studies; (ii) surface and underground characterization of rocky material to establish its susceptibility to mass movement; (iii) interpretation of results; and (iv) proposal of action measures. Among the most relevant results, it stands out that 26.1% of the 23 stations characterized on the surface present conditions that vary from potentially unstable to unstable. In underground galleries, the studied mean values of the 17 stations indicate that the rock has a medium to good quality, representing a medium susceptibility to gallery destabilization. The results obtained for the surface areas (depths up to 50 m, where altered materials predominate) and the underground areas (depths > 50 m, where the alterations are specific) can be used to identify the areas with a more significant potential for instability. For both cases, it has been possible to define specific monitoring, control, and planning actions for sensitive areas.
Households’ Food Waste Behavior at Local Scale: A Cluster Analysis after the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Amicarelli Vera , Tricase Caterina , Spada Alessia , Bux Christian
Published: March 2021

The reduction of food waste, especially in households where more than half of its global quantity is generated, has become an increasing economic, social and environmental concern, and represents one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals within the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. In this context, the COVID-19 lockdown has significantly changed life, work and food consumption habits all over the world, highlighting food waste as a multi-sectorial issue. This paper explores current attitudes, perception and behavioral patterns related to food waste reduction at domestic consumption at the local scale (Apulia region, Italy), with the aim of identifying different types of “food wasters”. Through an online questionnaire and the application of a k-means clustering model, the authors focus on four emerging constructs in terms of food consumption and food waste habits after the COVID-19 lockdown at household level. Among three theoretical clusters, results have highlighted: (i) the paradox of the “green wasters”, which declared a high level of awareness of the food waste issue but also generates huge amounts of thrown away food; (ii) the “positive unawareness” of the “red wasters”, which have a slight notion of environment and sustainability but waste low quantities of food; (iii) the consistency of the “blue wasters”, which know of the food waste issue and convert theory into practice.
On the Effect of Recycled Polyolefins on the Thermorheological Performance of Polymer-Modified Bitumen Used for Roofing-Applications
Authors: Wieser Martin , Schaur Andreas , Unterberger Seraphin Hubert , Lackner Roman
Published: March 2021

In order to meet the technical specifications in roofing applications, the bitumen used for this purpose is standardly modified by polymers. This, in general, allows the re-use of recycled polymer during the production of polymer-modified bitumen (PmB), simultaneously reducing the amount of polymeric waste. Recycling processes, however, may degrade or contaminate polymers, leading to reduced crystallinity and lower melting temperature. Six different recycled polyolefins (high crystallinity: iPP, HDPE; reduced crystallinity: APP, PP Copolymer; waxy polyolefins: Wax 105, Wax 115) were assessed on their suitability for roofing applications. Mixing characteristics, polymer distribution and thermo-mechanical properties of the PmB samples were determined, employing fluorescence microscopy, modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) and dynamic shear rheometry (DSR). Depending on mixing properties, two levels of polymer content (5 and 16 wt% or 16 and 30 wt%) were considered. High crystallinity polymers exhibited the biggest increase in |G*| and lowest phase angle. Reduced crystallinity polymers were more easily dispersed and showed improved |G*| and phase angle. Waxy polyolefins improved bitumen similarly to reduced crystallinity polymers and are easily dispersed. The results suggest, that a reduced crystallinity or lower melting temperature of the recycled polymers resulting from degradation or contamination may be beneficial, resulting in improved mixing behavior and a more homogeneous distribution of the polymer within the bitumen.
Towards Accurate Scene Text Detection with Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network
Authors: Cao Dongping , Dang Jiachen , Zhong Yong
Published: March 2021

Scene text detection, this task of detecting text from real images, is a hot research topic in the machine vision community. Most of the current research is based on an anchor box. These methods are complex in model design and time-consuming to train. In this paper, we propose a new Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detection (FCOS)-based text detection method that can robustly detect multioriented and multilingual text from natural scene images in a per pixel prediction approach. Our proposed text detector employs an anchor-free approach, unlike state-of-the-art text detectors that do not rely on a predefined anchor box. In order to enhance the feature representation ability of FCOS for text detection tasks, we apply the Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) as the backbone network, enhancing the model learning capacity and increasing the receptive field. We demonstrate the superior performance of our method on multioriented (ICDAR-2015, ICDAR-2017 MLT) and horizontal (ICDAR-2013) text detection benchmark tasks. Moreover, our method has an f-measure of 88.65 and 86.32 for the benchmark datasets ICDAR 2013 and ICDAR 2015, respectively, and 80.75 for the ICDAR-2017 MLT dataset.
A Toolbox for the Determination of Nitroaromatic Explosives in Marine Water, Sediment, and Biota Samples on Femtogram Levels by GC-MS/MS
Authors: Bünning Tobias , Strehse Jennifer , Hollmann Ann , Bötticher Tom , Maser Edmund
Published: March 2021

To determine the amount of the explosives 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and its metabolites in marine samples, a toolbox of methods was developed to enhance sample preparation and analysis of various types of marine samples, such as water, sediment, and different kinds of biota. To achieve this, established methods were adapted, improved, and combined. As a result, if explosive concentrations in sediment or mussel samples are greater than 10 ng per g, direct extraction allows for time-saving sample preparation; if concentrations are below 10 ng per g, techniques such as freeze-drying, ultrasonic, and solid-phase extraction can help to detect even picogram amounts. Two different GC-MS/MS methods were developed to enable the detection of these explosives in femtogram per microliter. With a splitless injector, limits of detection (LODs) between 77 and 333 fg/µL could be achieved in only 6.25 min. With the 5 µL programmable temperature vaporization—large volume method (PTV-LVI), LODs between 8 and 47 fg/µL could be achieved in less than 7 min. The detection limits achieved by these methods are among the lowest published to date. Their reliability has been tested and confirmed by measuring large and diverse sample sets.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection among Blood Donors in Bulgaria
Authors: Baymakova Magdalena , Terzieva Krasimira , Popov Rumen , Grancharova Elisaveta , Kundurzhiev Todor , Pepovich Roman , Tsachev Ilia
Published: March 2021

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is widespread among domestic pigs, industrial swine, and wild boars in Bulgaria. The aim of the current research was to present the HEV seroprevalence among blood donors in Bulgaria. In the present study, 555 blood donors (479 males and 76 females) were enrolled from five districts in the country (Shumen, Pleven, Stara Zagora, Plovdiv, and Sofia districts). All blood samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG using the recomWell HEV IgG ELISA test (Mikrogen GmbH, Neuried, Germany). Each participating donor completed a short, structured, and specific questionnaire to document data on the current study. Anti-HEV IgG positive results were detected in 144 (25.9%) blood donors, including 129 (26.9%) males and 15 (19.7%) females. The established HEV seropositivity was 28.8% (23/80) in Shumen district, 23.2% (22/95) in Pleven district, 27.1% (38/140) in Stara Zagora district, 27.5% (44/160) in Plovdiv district, and 21.3% (17/80) in Sofia district. A high HEV seroprevalence was found for persons who declared that they were general hunters (48.7%; 19/39; p = 0.001) and hunters of wild boars (51.6%; 16/31; p = 0.001). We present the first seroprevalence rates of HEV infection in blood donors from Bulgaria. The results of our research showed high HEV seropositivity among blood donors.
Sea Topography of the Ionian and Adriatic Seas Using Repeated GNSS Measurements
Authors: Lycourghiotis Sotiris
Published: March 2021

The mean sea surface topography of the Ionian and Adriatic Seas has been determined. This was based on six-months of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements which were performed on the Ionian Queen (a ship). The measurements were analyzed following a double-path methodology based on differential GNSS (D-GNSS) and precise point positioning (PPP) analysis. Numerical filtering techniques, multi-parametric accuracy analysis and a new technique for removing the meteorological tide factors were also used. Results were compared with the EGM96 geoid model. The calculated differences ranged between 0 and 48 cm. The error of the results was estimated to fall within 3.31 cm. The 3D image of the marine topography in the region shows a nearly constant slope of 4 cm/km in the N–S direction. Thus, the effectiveness of the approach “repeated GNSS measurements on the same route of a ship” developed in the context of “GNSS methods on floating means” has been demonstrated. The application of this approach using systematic multi-track recordings on conventional liner ships is very promising, as it may open possibilities for widespread use of the methodology across the world.
Water–Food–Energy Nexus Tradeoffs in the São Marcos River Basin
Authors: Bof Pedro Henrique , Marques Guilherme Fernandes , Tilmant Amaury , Dalcin Ana Paula , Olivares Marcelo
Published: March 2021

Given its potentialities and characteristics, energy generation, food production, and water availability have a strong interdependency and correlation. Water is needed to produce energy and food, while energy is required to produce water and food. This nexus brings several challenges when scarce water resources must be allocated among competing uses, often in the form of unexpected tradeoffs. Addressing those challenges requires knowledge about the water–food–energy nexus and the associated tradeoffs to support water allocation and management decisions. Those tradeoffs are still not properly understood in the uncertain and stochastic context of water availability. When not properly accounted for, the results are conflicts, loss of investments, environmental impacts, and limited effectiveness of sectoral policies, all of which undermine a country’s development model relying on water and energy security. This paper addresses the competitive uses of recent irrigated agriculture expansion and existing hydropower production in a Brazilian watershed with water conflicts, assessing the economic tradeoffs and water values between energy and irrigated agricultural production under uncertainty. An explicitly stochastic hydro-economic model is used to determine water’s economic value and its variation in space and time. Results indicate that the agricultural benefits outweigh the potential energy losses, and the best course of action should explore an economically compensated reallocation strategy, upon negotiation among users, rather than imposing water supply cutbacks to the agriculture sector.
Milestone Half Year: Is Sustainable Growth Beginning Economy in 2020?
Authors:   Institute of Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Frenkel Alexander A. , Tikhomirov Boris I. ,   Institute of Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergienko Yakov V. ,   Institute of Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Surkov Anton A. ,   Institute of Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

Changing of a conjuncture index of “Economic strategy” (CIES) for the first half of 2020 is considered. The contribution of indicators of supply and demand in CIES is estimated. The analysis of industrial production is carried out
Scientific Foundations of a New World Order Based on Compromise and Harmony
Authors:   International Research Institute for Advanced Systems, Golubev Vladimir S.
Published: March 2021

The article proposes a new paradigm of the world order based on the principles of compromise and harmony. In place of liberalism, the world of prehistory, there is a true history — the system of sociohumanism. The dyadic paradigm of the "struggle" of opposites is removed by the triadic paradigm of their harmonic synthesis. A generalized set of innovations is given in opposition to the existing system of life arrangement.
Влияние торговой войны между США и Китаем на внешнеэкономическую деятельность ЕАЭС. Промежуточные итоги и перспективы
Authors:   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Semenov Evgeny V.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the causes of the trade war between the USA and China, in particular, dwells on the problems of further globalization of the world economic relations, multidirectional vectors of the two states' development in recent decades, as well as disproportion in the trade balance. The paper presents statistical assessment of the trade war results, expressed in structural changes of trade relations between the US and China, as well as dynamics of their imports from the EAEU countries. Based on statistical data, the conclusion is made on economic prospects of the EAEU to compensate certain product groups that are falling out during the trade war in the Chinese and American markets, and general recommendations are given on building the EAEU's foreign economic strategy, taking into account the current global changes
Конкурентное преимущество и модель управления предприятием
Authors:   Российский экономический университет имени Г.В. Плеханова, Пятанова Виктория Ивановна , Сизова Дарина Александровна ,   Государственная корпорация "Ростех"
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются вопросы современной ресурсной теории конкурентного преимущества и выбора соответствующей модели управления предприятием в условиях возрастающей рыночной неопределенности.
Baltijos šalių taikos sutartys su Sovietine Rusija: lyginamoji analizė
Authors: Butkus Zenonas
Published: March 2021

The article offers a comparison of the Peace Treaties concluded in 1920 between Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia and Soviet Russia and analyses whether the Baltic States sought to start negotiations prior to the dates offered by the Bolsheviks, why there were no attempts of joint negotiations and each of the Baltic countries involved in the process on their own. The research also covers Estonia’s priorities and gives an insight into the difficulties the country faced being the first to start negotiations with Russia and how, according to the treaty, it managed to agree on the five times bigger reparations than Lithuania and less stringent conditions regarding the return of the country’s cultural values than its two southern neighbours. Furthermore, the author analyses why the Lithuanian Peace Treaty lacked the very word “peace”, though had a secret annex to Article 2 and why none of the Baltic States managed to include historical arguments or references to their Declarations of Independence in the treaties under consideration. KEYWORDS: Peace Treaties, negotiations, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, the Bolsheviks, international recognition.
Lietuvos Respublikos generalinis konsulatas Vilniuje (1939 m. rugsėjis–spalis): veikla, darbuotojai ir jų likimai
Authors: Stravinskienė Vitalija
Published: March 2021

Based on archival and historiographic material, the article offers an insight into the activities of the diplomatic institution of Lithuania in Vilnius in September-October of 1939 and the reactions of the citizens towards the establishment of such institution. The author also dwells on the candidates to become the Consul General and fates of the employees of the institution. The Consulate General in Vilnius was opened in line with the bilateral Lithuanian-Polish agreements with regard to the opening of consulates. Due to changes in the political circumstances (loss of Klaipėda region), the establishment of the Consulate in Vilnius was delayed. The first steps in this direction were made already in the summer of 1939. On 22 August 1939, by the decree of the President of the Republic of Lithuania, Dr Antanas Trimakas was appointed the Consul General and in six days received the exequatur of the President of the Republic of Poland.
The Head of the Consulate in Vilnius was a seasoned diplomat. The choice served the purpose as his term in office was politically difficult. Dr Trimakas’ diplomatic experience and personal characteristics helped him in representing Lithuania’s interests.
In the first stage of its activities (11/09/1939–18/09/1939) the Consulate was mostly preoccupied with consular functions (visa issuance), whereas in the second stage (19/09/1939–01/11/1939) it was for the most part involved in the advocacy for the rights of Lithuania and its citizens (property protection, interventions with regard to Vilnius citizens, provision of information). The Consulate General of the Republic of Lithuania was a rather small institution which at first employed two and later three people. All of them later became victims of forced migration – the Consul General emigrated to the West, whereas his secretary V. Čečeta was imprisoned by the Soviet authorities
and later deported to Kazakhstan. He returned to Lithuania 38 years later. Former employee of the Consulate B. Verkelytė-Federavičienė moved to Kaunas in 1940, started a family there and later worked in cultural and academic institutions.
Childhood emotional abuse and posttraumatic stress symptoms in women: the mediating role of mindfulness
Authors: Laforte Stéphanie , Dugal Caroline , Bélanger Claude , Godbout Natacha
Published: March 2021

More than one-third of adults report having experienced emotional abuse in childhood, which is one of the most common interpersonal traumas. Although survivors of interpersonal trauma are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress symptoms, few studies have specifically examined the links between childhood emotional abuse and symptoms of post-traumatic stress in adulthood. Recent studies highlight the role of mindfulness as a key variable in understanding how interpersonal traumas can be associated with long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms (Godbout, Dion, & Bigras, 2016). The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between emotional abuse in childhood and post- traumatic stress symptoms. The sample consisted of 354 women from the community who responded to self -reported online questionnaires. The results of multiple regression analyses show that the relationship between emotional abuse in childhood and symptoms of post-traumatic stress is explained by a decrease in mindfulness capacities. Overall, the results highlight the role of mindfulness as a mechanism partially explaining the impacts of interpersonal traumas in childhood.
Fabriquer des enfants redevables. Pluriparentalité transnationale entre les États-Unis et le Sénégal
Authors: Grysole Amélie
Published: March 2021

Pour des couples de parents sénégalais vivant aux États-Unis, deux espaces sont parfois envisageables pour élever leurs enfants, le pays de migration où les enfants sont nés et le pays d’origine où vivent leurs grands-parents notamment. Le départ des enfants vers Dakar permet de résoudre les difficultés rencontrées par leurs mères pour les faire garder aux États-Unis. Les rapports de genre qui se jouent au sein des couples et dans une économie domestique devenue transnationale sont au centre de ces (dé-) placements des enfants. S’appuyant sur une ethnographie multisite, cet article montre que cette pluriparentalité est activée avant tout par les mères migrantes dans un contexte sénégalais où la protection sociale repose sur la solidarité familiale. Élever les jeunes enfants auprès de leurs proches au Sénégal engage la production de liens affectifs et la socialisation au futur devoir de redistribution matérielle envers les membres dakarois de leur maisonnée. La pluriparentalité transnationale vient ainsi mettre en question le postulat occidental selon lequel la parentalité serait « mieux » exercée par les parents statutaires et nécessiterait obligatoirement la coprésence.
Rapport aux langues des intervenants au sein de dispositifs de soutien à la parentalité. Les effets des modèles d’intégration
Authors: Unterreiner Anne
Published: March 2021

Rares sont les recherches traitant de la spécificité des familles issues de l’immigration au sein des dispositifs de soutien à la parentalité. Afin de combler ce manque, une enquête qualitative articulant observations d’actions et entretiens auprès des intervenants et des parents participants a été conduite en 2018. Cette recherche a révélé l’existence de différentes postures des intervenants, à la fois leurs pratiques et leurs discours, vis-à-vis des langues pratiquées par les familles. Quand ces postures se fondent sur un modèle d’intégration sociale particulier, elles se situent sur un continuum allant de la mise en avant de la pratique exclusive de la langue française, que l’on peut rapprocher d’une conception assimilationniste de l’intégration, qui s’est avérée dominante, à la valorisation, plus rare et plus récente, du multilinguisme. Entre ces deux idéaux-types pour lesquels les pratiques et les discours se superposent, se trouvent des postures hybrides. Ce rapport à la langue étrangère d’origine est pluriel, et dépend de l’articulation du discours institutionnel dominant avec le point de vue des intervenants, qui est ancré dans leurs propres parcours biographiques.
Les spécificités des actions parentalité dans le champ de l’intégration des femmes migrantes et immigrées
Authors: Manier Marion
Published: March 2021

L’article explore les manières dont se déclinent les actions de soutien à la parentalité dans le champ dédié à l’intégration des femmes. Il s’appuie sur la mise en perspective de deux enquêtes qualitatives (observations ethnographiques et entretiens avec les intervenants et les publics) réalisées entre 2004 et 2014 au sein de différentes associations d’accueil, d’intégration, d’insertion ou de formation, oeuvrant auprès de femmes migrantes et immigrées. Il apparaît que ces actions de soutien à la parentalité présentent des spécificités, à la fois dans leurs objectifs, dans leur définition du public et dans les normes de parentalité (sociales, de genre mais aussi ethniques et culturelles) qu’elles promeuvent. Si l’on observe une certaine diversité des registres et des modalités d’action, les actions parentalité dans ce champ ont, en particulier, tendance à être associées à des objectifs d’intégration culturelle qui orientent tant les messages que les pratiques vers une approche parfois éducative et normative de l’accompagnement à la parentalité.
Internet et réseaux sociaux : de nouvelles pratiques pour les professionnels de la jeunesse. Le cas des Promeneurs du Net
Authors: Audran Martin , Cathelineau François , Reguer-Petit Manon
Published: March 2021

What happens when youth professionals are encouraged to make use of Internet and social media ? From a field survey conducted in 2018 as part of an evaluation of the Promeneurs du Net online program, run by the National Family Allowance Fund, the professional practices developed online by youth professionals were examined. This article distinguishes between “ faithful” and “ independent” youth professionals, according to the degree to which they have appropriated the normative framework of the Promeneurs du Net charter. It shows that their professional socialization colors how they act online. Far from being disconnected from it, the online practices of these professionals are a continuation of their face-to-face work.
Posture d’accueillant en lieu d’accueil enfant-parent. Synthèse d’étude exploratoire
Authors: Unterreiner Anne
Published: March 2021

À la suite de l’ouverture du Club parents-enfants et de la création de la Maison verte, les lieux d’accueil enfantparent (Laep) se sont développés en France à compter des années 1980. Le caractère singulier du cadre du Laep comparé à d’autres dispositifs de soutien à la parentalité conduit à s’interroger plus avant sur la question de la posture d’accueillant. Une enquête exploratoire qualitative menée dans huit Laep et auprès de formateurs et de superviseurs permet d’approfondir les analyses sous trois angles : le socle commun, qualifié de « psychologique» , conduisant à l’usage d’un registre spécifique mobilisé pour comprendre les comportements des familles accueillies, la place des accueillants au sein du Laep et, enfin, les règles implicites et explicites de fonctionnement de ces lieux.
Sejarah Perkembangan Perseroan Terbatas di Indonesia
Authors: Syahrullah  , Nasrullah
Published: March 2021

Sejarah hukum merupakan salah satu bidang studi hukum yang mempelajari perkembangan asal usul sistem hukum dalam suatu masyarakat tertentu. Studi mengenai sejarah hukum ini  akan menghasilkan keuntungan, seperti juga mempelajari sejarah pada umunya. Salah satu dari keuntungan terebut adalah pengetahuan kita mengenai suatu sistem atau lembaga atau pengaturan hukum tertentu menjadi lebih mendalam dan diperkaya.

Salah satu obyek kajian sejarah hukum, yang menarik perhatian adalah Perseroan terbatas. Perseroan Terbatas (disingkat: PT) bagi Indonesia, merupakan salah satu sarana penunjang dalam pembangunan ekonomi.

Perseroan terbatas (PT)  adalah suatu badan hukum untuk menjalankan usaha yang memiliki modal terdiri dari saham-saham, yang pemiliknya memiliki bagian sebanyak saham yang dimilikinya. Karena modalnya terdiri dari saham-saham yang dapat diperjual belikan, perubahan kepemilikan perusahaan dapat dilakukan tanpa perlu membubarkan perusahaan. Kata perseroan dalam pengertian umum adalah perusahaan atau organisasi usaha. Sedangkan perseroan terbatas adalah salah satu bentuk organisasi usaha atau badan usaha yang ada dan dikenal dalam system dagang Indonesia
Проблема межкультурного положения Беларуси: философско-религиоведческий анализ
Authors: Одиноченко Виктор
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируется проблема межкультурной ситуации в Беларуси. Она возникла в начале ХХ века в связи с формированием национальной идентичности белорусов и имела вид «Беларусь между Россией и Польшей». Соперничество на белорусских землях восточного православия и западного католичества рассматривалось как главный фактор промежуточного положения. В современных условиях концепция межкультурного положения должна быть дополнена концепцией Беларуси как части европейского культурного пространства
Особенности дистанционного образования ромских детей в условиях COVID-19
Authors: Афанасьев Дмитрий , Новосад Кристина , Джуган Руслана
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the results of the all-Ukrainian sociological study of the features of distance education of Roma children in a pandemic. The research was conducted by interviewing the parents of Roma students and their teachers. The relevance of the study is to analyze the challenges posed by quarantine and the associated consequences of the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, the study of the features of distance learning, introduced through quarantine, showed gaps in the education system and the lack of opportunities, unwillingness of Roma parents to provide technical means for the availability and priority of distance education for their own children.
Базовые составляющие гражданской позиции личности в современной Беларуси
Authors: Сташкевич Ольга
Published: March 2021

В статье предпринята попытка осмысления формирования и становления гражданской позиции личности в контексте ценностных и социокультурных особенностей нашего общества. Выявлено, что базовые составляющие гражданской позиции личности непосредственно связаны с ценностными, ориентациями, особенностями белорусской идентичности и с ценностями гражданского общества.
Субъектность и креативность старшего поколения в современном обществе
Authors: Морозова Инесса
Published: March 2021

В статье представлен анализ субъектности и креативности представителей старшего поколения. Утверждается, что реализация креативного подхода в профессиональной и иной деятельности пожилых людей способствует максимальному продлению их независимой и активной жизни. Рассматриваются проблемы дискриминации пожилого человека по возрасту, вопросы стереотипного восприятия старшего поколения.
Восприятие революции 1917 года и первых лет советской власти русской эмиграцией
Authors: Урядова Анна
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена восприятию российской пореволюционной эмиграцией революции 1917 г. и первых лет советской власти. Взгляды разных представителей эмигрантов не только отличались друг от друга, но и эволюционировали со временем, что породило в эмиграции «теорию двух революций» и концепцию «единого революционного процесса».
Историографический дискурс политических репрессий в СССР позднего сталинизма (1946-1953 гг.)
Authors: Степанов Михаил
Published: March 2021

В статье в историографическом контексте проанализирована проблема сталинских политических репрессий в СССР (1946-1953 гг.). В качестве базовых проблем выступили следующие: 1) уголовное преследование советских граждан, обвиненных в совершении «контрреволюционных преступлений»; 2) формирование в рамках советской политики борьбы с проявлениями космополитизма нового направления – так называемых «квазирепрессий»; 3) особенности реализации послевоенных этнических депортаций; 4) развитие системы ГУЛАГ-а в годы позднего сталинизма. Делается вывод, что, несмотря на определенный прогресс в исследовании данной проблематики, в центральных (обобщающих) публикациях присутствуют определенные сложности на региональном уровне, т.к. послевоенная репрессивная политика в СССР изучена здесь лишь фрагментарно.
Republika Białoruś w XXI w. – wyzwania bezpieczeństwa
Authors: Dalinczuk Lana
Published: March 2021

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Bronie odwetowe Hitlera na Podlasiu
Authors: Krasuski Mariusz
Published: March 2021

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II Міжнародна наукова конференція „Суспільно-правові аспекти виховання у XXI столітті: загрози, сподівання, виклики”, Дрогобич, 28-29 жовтня 2019 р
Authors: Sędek Andrzej
Published: March 2021

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Badacz polskiego wychodźstwa i Kresów Wschodnich – ks. prof. dr hab. Roman Dzwonkowski SAC (1930-2020)
Authors: Bobryk Adam
Published: March 2021

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