bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradacion de piridina con un receptor fotocatalitico de pelicula descendente utilizando como catalizador TiO2-Au
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Mauricio Alejandro JUÁREZ-SÁNCHEZ , Carlos MOLTALVO-ROMERO ,   Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Claudia Alejandra AGUILAR-UCAN ,   Universidad Autónoma del Carmen
Published: February 2023

The degradation of pyridine (C5H5N) was studied using homemade TiO2 nanoparticles doped with Gold in a recirculating falling film reactor (FRD) irradiated by UV light and Natural light. The tests required finding the right conditions for favorable degradation and working under different conditions for decomposition at different concentrations. The operating parameters used are the concentration of pyridine (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm), the flow rate of synthetic wastewater (1 L/min, 0.5 L/min, and 0.2 L/min), pH of wastewater (3-9) and the type of light irradiated. (UV light and nat. light) have been investigated for their effects on pyridine degradation. Pyridine degradation of 85% was achieved within 24 hours of operation; They were handled at a pH of 7, and a flow rate of 1 L/Min, with UV light. The experimental results revealed that a better degradation of Pyridine with UV light could be seen with the TiO2 catalyst doped with Au.
Optimalisasi Komunikasi Terapeutik Paramedis dan Pasien dengan Sistem Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19
Authors: Indriana Merri , Hidayat Dasrun , Maharani Iris Fatia , Rahmasari Gartika
Published: February 2023

Memasuki tahun 2021 wabah virus COVID-19 hingga saat ini terus meningkat. Pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan kepada masyarakat untuk menerapkan protokol kesehatan. Kebijakan tersebut dinyatakan untuk meminimalisir laju penyebaran COVID-19. Seluruh masyarakat hingga pelayanan kesehatan menerapkan kebijakan protokol kesehatan yang sering didengar dengan sebutan 3M yaitu menggunakan masker, membersihkan tangan, dan menjaga jarak. Dengan sistem kebijakan tersebut menimbulkan adanya perubahan dalam penyampaian pesan komunikasi salah satunya komunikasi terapeutik pada layanan kesehatan. Fenomena ini menarik dan unik untuk diteliti karena adanya perubahan yang muncul setelah komunikasi terapeutik dilakukan dengan sistem protokol kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui optimalisasi komunikasi terapeutik paramedis dan pasien dengan sistem protokol kesehatan COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penentuan 12 informan meliputi 4 paramedis dan 8 pasien dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling, yang berdasarkan memenuhi kriteria peneliti. Teknik pengumpulan data didapat dari hasil observasi, wawancara, serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, terdapat komunikasi tertutup yang berlangsung secara singkat dengan tujuan menghindari adanya kontak fisik selama proses pelayanan dengan tatap muka, selain itu bahasa verbal dan bahasa non verbal diangap penting oleh paramedis dan pasien dalam berkomunikasi disaat menjalankan protokol kesehatan Covid-19.
Pengaruh Pakan Kompilasi yang Mengandung Kelor dan Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) Terhadap Gambaran Trombosit Ayam Broiler
Authors: Foeh Nancy , Fanmira Aska , Ndaong Nemay , Detha Annytha , Datta Frans Umbu
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Moringa in the compilation of feed for broiler chickens. This research was conducted from June to November 2021, in the Nekamese chicken coop, Kupang district. The study used a completely randomized design using 4 treatment designs. Chickens are fed approximately 3 kg a day 2 times in the morning and evening, with drinking water given at libitum. The test results showed that for each treatment group, the feed containing Moringa and lactic acid bacteria isolates from palm sap on broiler chickens did not show a significant effect. However, if viewed descriptively, it shows the difference from the average difference in treatment. The average platelet value in the treatment group was higher than the control group. Further research is needed with a larger sample size related to Moringa as broiler chicken feed.
Investigación de la naturaleza de las fuentes en la región de Cygnus OB2 mediante observaciones en radioondas
Authors:   , Isequilla Natacha Laura
Published: February 2023

En este trabajo de Tesis Doctoral se presentan resultados de un relevamiento de la región de Cygnus, la cual es extremadamente rica en objetos estelares, ubicada en el cielo norte. Esta región contiene nueve asociaciones OB, siendo las denominadas Cygnus OB2 y OB8 las regiones más jóvenes. El fin del trabajo fue estudiar la emisión en radio a bajas frecuencias de los objetos estelares en la región. En particular, nos centramos en fuentes tales como objetos estelares jóvenes, que son evidencia de las primeras etapas de la formación estelar, objetos tipo discos protoplanetarios o proplyds -que se definen como un disco de núcleo neutro giratorio con su superficie ionizada por una fuente externa, y estrellas tempranas masivas con vientos intensos que producen aceleración de partículas a velocidades relativistas y la consiguiente radiación no térmica. Asimismo, se procedió a la identificación de las fuentes de altas energías (específicamente, fuentes de rayos gamma) catalogadas por el instrumento Fermi-LAT presentes en la región, que tuvieran correlación posicional con la emisión en el continuo de radio a bajas frecuencias. La identificación de las fuentes mencionadas nos dio el hincapié para investigar qué clase de emisión se detecta y los procesos físicos asociados. A través de un estudio en cada frecuencia de observación se registraron posiciones, tamaños, morfologías y densidades de flujo; este último parámetro permitió obtener valores y mapas de índices espectrales de las diferentes fuentes proporcionado una mejor comprensión de la determinación del régimen de radiación de las fuentes detectadas. Las observaciones en el continuo de radio para llevar a cabo este estudio fueron realizadas hacia el campo que incluye las asociaciones de Cygnus OB2, OB8 y OB9 mediante el interferómetro Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT, India) en las bandas de frecuencia centradas en 325 y 610 MHz. Complementariamente y en la misma línea de investigación de los objetos estelares con posible emisión sincrotrón, en esta Tesis se presenta el estudio centrado en dos fuentes adicionales, por fuera de la región de Cygnus, los cuales son sistemas binarios de estrellas Wolf-Rayet que evidencian emisión no térmica. Los sistemas son WR 133 y WR 11.
Pemanfaatan Ampas Kelapa dan Tepung Kedelai dalam Pembuatan Roti Tawar Tinggi Protein
Authors: Swamilaksita Prita Dhyani , Pratama Wahyu , Angkasa Dudung , Fadhilla Reza , Ronitawati Putri
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan : Penganekaragaman konsumsi pangan dapat berupa penggunaan pangan fungsional. Ampas kelapa dan kedelai merupakan pangan fungsional yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi roti tawar yang memiliki nilai gizi sumber protein.Tujuan :menganalisis daya terima, dan nilai gizi dari Pengembangan Roti Tawar Sumber Protein Dengan Penambahan Tepung Ampas Kelapa dan Tepung Kedelai. Metode :Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor (AK = Tepung Ampas Kelapa dan K = Tepung Kedelai) dengan empat taraf perlakuan. Perbandingan tepung ampas kelapa dan tepung kedelai yang digunakan adalah F0 (0%AK:0%K), F1 (40%AK:60%K), F2 (50%AK:50%K) dan F3 (60%AK:40%K). Uji beda One Way Anova dan uji lanjut Duncan dengan taraf signifikan α=0,05 digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan.Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil nilai gizi, semua formulasi memiliki perbedaan secara nyata. Roti tawar sumber protein penambahan tepung ampas kelapa dan tepung kedelai yang paling disukai menjadi formula terpilih adalah F3 dengan perlakuan tepung ampas kelapa 60% dan tepung kedelai 40%. Roti tawar terpilih memiliki kadar protein 12,93%, kadar serat kasar 6,57%, kadar karbohidrat 49,16%, kadar lemak 2,8%, kadar air 38,67% dan kadar abu 1% serta tingkat kesukaan aroma, rasa, warna, tekstur dan keseluruhan secara berturut-turut adalah 3,20; 3,22; 3,20; 3,24 dan 3,42 (suka). Kesimpulan : Tepung ampas kelapa dan tepung kedelai dapat dikembangkan menjadi roti tawar sumber protein yang diterima dan hampir memenuhi SNI dan Direktorat Gizi Depkes.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pola Konsumsi Produk Perikanan Oleh Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur
Authors: Sanjaya Yushinta Aristina , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: February 2023

Fish is protein source that can be used as an alternative to other animal-based proteins,such as meat and lamb. This is due to the presence of high nutrients, including protein, lipid,vitamins, and minerals. The intention to increase the consumption of fisheries product, eitherfresh or processed, of Indonesian people is still required, including in District of Sidoarjo, EastJava. Fisheries aspect in District of Sidoarjo is very potential, hence it influneces the rate andpattern of fisheries product consumption in this region. The objective in this research is toanalyse the pattern of fisheries product consumption in District of Sidoarjo, East Java, alongwith its influencing factors. The data was collected online by using questionnaire filled by 103respondents. The result indicated that the fisheries product consumption of people in District ofSidoarjo was quite various in accordance with age, education level, and income. Besides, therewere factors affect the fisheries consumption of people in District of Sidoarjo, namely theknowledge of fisheries product’s benefits, preference, and the use of processing methods.Kata kunci: pola konsumsi, produk perikanan, Sidoarjo
Tingkat Kepedulian Orangtua Terhadap Pemberian Susu Pada Masa Pertumbuhan Anak Usia Sekolah
Authors: Hartanti Niken , Aprilia Salsabila , Nuha Chiquita Ashlaha , Afifah Vika Fathiara , Rahmatunisa Risma , Rupidara Fensca Maria
Published: February 2023

AbstractMilk is a source of protein that has high quality because of its complete nutritional content suchas protein around 3.5% with fat content around 3.0-3.8%. Milk is also a good source ofphosphorus and is very rich in calcium. However, the level of milk consumption in Indonesiais still relatively low. According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), milk consumption inIndonesia is only 12.1 L/capita per year. Thus, milk consumption in Indonesia, especially inschool-age children, needs special attention. This study aims to determine the level of parentalconcern for giving milk to school-age children. This study used a descriptive-analytical methoddesign by using a questionnaire. The results showed that giving milk to school children wasrecommended to consume milk in one day. Therefore, it can be concluded that parents careabout giving milk to school-age children.Keywords : level of concern, Growth Period, Milk
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Partisipasi Ibu Dalam Penimbangan Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Posyandu Kasih Ibu Lebak Bulus
Authors: Sabilly Farhan , Khasanah Tri Ardianti
Published: February 2023

Monitoring the growth of toddlers at the posyandu can be seen based on the coverage of the participation of mothers under five. Several factors can reduce interest in posyandu activities and low participation of mothers under five. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors of participation of mothers in weighing toddlers in the working area of Posyandu Kasih Ibu Lebak Bulus using a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 50 mothers of children under five became the subject of research and data collection by filling out questionnaires. The results showed that only the mother's work factor had a significant relationship with the mother's participation in weighing toddlers at the Kasih Ibu Lebak Bulus Posyandu (p=0.023). It concluded that the involvement of parents in taking time from busy work to participate in weighing toddlers is very much needed so that the process of monitoring toddler growth can be carried out to prevent nutritional problems in children.
Keywords: mother's occupation; mother's education, mother's knowledge, mother's age
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Staf Sekretariat Majelis Ulama Indonesia Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Dewi Gusti Kumala , Zulfiana Mia
Published: February 2023

Hypertension is the silent killer in Indonesia. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between heredity factors, body mass index, and percent body fat with the incidence of hypertension at the secretariat staff of the Indonesian Ulema Council, Central Jakarta 2019. This research is an analytical descriptive cross-sectional study. Measuring blood pressure, body mass index, and percent body fat by filling out questionnaires related to heredity factors of hypertension were carried out to 42 Majelis Ulama Indonesia secretariat staff. The instruments used were a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), microtoise, and questionnaires. The results showed that 31.0% of the study subjects suffered from hypertension. The bivariate variable test showed the results heredity factor (p 0.042 < 0.05), body mass index (p 0.031 < 0.05), and percent body fat (p 0.018 < 0.05). After the study, there is a significant relationship between all the variables studied.
Keyword: Heredity, Body Mass Index, Hypertension
PENGARUH LATIHAN LARI INTERVAL TERHADAP VO2MAX MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN UNIVERSITAS SINGAPERBANGSA KARAWANG
Authors: Izzuddin Deden Akbar , Gemael Qorry Armen , Dewi R. Retna Kinanti , Permana Reja Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuai Pengaruh Latihan Lari Interval Terhadap Vo2 Max Mahasiswa Prodi Ilmu Keolahragaan. Penelitian ini adalah pra eksperimental, Pendekatan One-group pra-post test design. Dalam penelitian ini yang dijadikan sebagai populasi adalah Mahasiswa Ilmu Keolahragaan yang berjumlah 21 Mahasiswa Ilmu Keolahragaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purposive Sampel, maka beberapa populasi yang sesuai dengan kriteria dijadikan sampel. Intrumen yang dingunakan dalam pengumpulan data Vo2 Max yaitu mengangunakan Tes Balke. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh harga statistic t = 16.365 dengan df =24 serta angka sig. dan p-value = 0,00 < 0,05 atau H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil Vo2 Max Mahasiswa Prodi Ilmu Keolahragaan sebelum dan setelah diberikan perlakuan Latihan Lari Interval
MODEL BELAJAR TEKNIK DASAR PENJAGA GAWANG HOCKEY PEMULA PADA PESERTA EKSTRAKURIKULER TINGKAT SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Sari Ira Permata , Sari Eka Fitri Novita , Nurulfa Rizky , Sari Zihan Novita
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangan variasi model belajar teknik dasar penjaga gawang hockey pemula pada peserta ekstrakurikuler tingkat sekolah menengah atas diharapkan dapat menjadi bentuk pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dan menarik bagi siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler hockey, sehingga dapat menghilangkan kebosanan dan kejenuhandalam proses pembelajaran. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan RND dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yang akan menghasilkan produk berupa desain pembelajaran. Model ADDIE memiliki lima Tahapan  yaitu sebagai berikut: (1) analisis, (2) perancangan, (3) pengembangan, (4) implementasi, (5) evaluasi. Tahap  awal Variasi model belajar teknik dasar penjaga gawang hockey menggunakan 27 model kemudian di validasi  oleh ahli menjadi 25 model yang layak, tempat Penelitian menggunakan  4 sekolah di Kab Tanggerang dengan jumlah Subyek 12 siswa di masing-masing sekolah, dengan hasil 95 % dinyatakan sangat baikModel belajar pada teknik dasar penjaga gawang hockey, untuk hasil  ketertarikan siswa dalam mengikuti ekstrakurikuler  98,6 % dinyatakan sangat baik untuk pemula pada siswa ekstrakurikuler tingkat sekolah menengah. datas ini dapat dijadikan referensi bagi guru, Pembina, dan pelatih hockey sebagai proses pembelajaran khususnya penjaga gawang. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa setelah melalui uji validasi dengan justifikasi ahli, menghasilkan produk model belajar teknik dasar penjaga gawang hockey pemula pada peserta ekstrakurikuler tingkat sekolah menengahatas sebanyak 25 model.
ANALISIS SEGMENT MASSAGE UNTUK RASA NYERI CEDERA ANKLE PADA PEMAIN SEPAK BOLA AMATIR
Authors: Candra Rizky , Widyaningsih Heni , Sari Eka Fitri Novita , Mighra Bazzar Ari , Robianto Agung , Mitsalina Dinan
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase rasa nyeri , derajat cedera, penyebab cedera, serta penanganan cedera ankle pada pemain sepak bola amatir Se-Asprov Jakarta Timur dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif, yaitu wawancara dan pemeriksaan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pemain sepak bola amatir se-Askot Jakarta Timur, sedangkan sampelnya adalah pemain sepak bola amatir se-Askot Jakarta Timur yang telah memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan 100% pemain sepak bola amatir se-Askot Jakarta Timur penah mengalami cedera ankle,rasa nyeri yang sering dialami oleh pemain sepak bola amatir pada saat cedera dengan jumlah 24 kasus (48%) mengalami Rasa nyeri sedang, ,penyebab cedera yang paling sering menyebabkan cedera ankle adalah internal violence dengan jumlah 30 kasus (60%), dan penanganan cedera yang palingsering dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan penanganan medis (segment massage) dengan jumlah 50 kasus (100%).
Pengaruh Metode Latihan Drill Terhadap Keterampilan Dasar Chest Pass Bola Basket Siswa Ekstrakurikuler di SMA Negeri 1 Sukatani
Authors: Soederajat Soederajat , Mahardhika Dhika Bayu , Aminudin Rizky
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh metode latihan drill terhadap keterampilan dasar chest pass pada olahraga permainan bola basket. Untuk menjawab rumusan penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen. Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Sukatani dengan jenis penelitian Purposive Sampling populasi yang diambil adalah siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler bola basket dengan jumlah dari populasi 1.144 siswa dan sampel berjumlah 38 siswa putra dan putri. Desain penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah model one group pretest -posttest.   Hasil penelitian diperoleh menggunakan uji normalitas dengan hasil yang didapat  pada pretest sebesar 0,024 > 0,05 dan posttest sebesar 0,033 > 0,5 dari hasil penelitian menunjukan data berdistribusi normal serta melalui perhitungan uji homogenitas yang menunjukan nilai sig sig 0,055 > dari 0,05 bahwa data hasil ­pretest-posttest menyatakan data berdistribusi homogen dan perhitungan uji-t yang didapatkan nilai sig. (two-tilled) 0,000 < 0,05 menunjukan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara hasil sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan. Didapatkan simpulan dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat dinyatakan adanya pengaruh metode latihan drill terhadap keterampilan dasar chest pass pada kegiatan ekstrakurikuler bola basket di SMA Negeri 1 Sukatani.
Épületrezgések lézerinterferometrikus mérése rezgésmentes asztalról
Authors: Béres Miklós , Jenyó Tamás , Paripás Béla
Published: February 2023

Légrúgókat tartalmazó passzív rezgésmentes asztalokra helyezett LDV (Laser Doppler Vibrometer) lézer interferométerrel belülről mértük a lézer laboratóriumunk falainak igen gyenge (kisebb, mint 1µm amplitúdójú) rezgéseit. Az asztalok a saját rezonancia frekvenciájuk környezetében azonban nem gyengítik, hanem erősítik a környezetük rezgéseit, torzítva ezáltal az épület rezgés méréseket. A cikkben bemutatunk egy módszert, amellyel a mért frekvencia spektrumok korrigálhatók, a rezonancia mentes esetre áttranszformálhatók.
GTIPROG/EC művelettervező és NC/CNC programozó rendszer alkalmazási tapasztalatai
Authors: Berta Miklós
Published: February 2023

Az alkatrészek gyártási folyamatának tervezését támogató számítógépes rendszerek (CAPP Systems) egyik fő feladatkörét a műveletek tervezését és programozását segíti a GTIPROG (Geometria és Technológia Interaktív PROGramozása) rendszercsalád. Ennek egyik tagja a GTIPROG/EC rendszer az NC/CNC esztergához és esztergaközpontokhoz készült és IBM PC-n futtatható. A cikkben bemutatásra kerülnek a rendszerben alkalmazható esztergálási, fúrási és marási műveletelem választékai, geometriai leírásának módja, mozgásciklusai és alkalmazási lehetőségei.
A vasalástechnológiai paraméterek hatása a rozsdamentes acél próbadarabok felületi érdességére és keménységére
Authors: Varga Gyula
Published: February 2023

A befejező megmunkálási műveletek között a vasalás egy gazdaságos, kis környezetterhelésű eljárás. Speciális esetekben a köszörülés helyettesíthető vasalással, sokkal kisebb környezeti terhelés mellett ugyanazt az érdességet hozva létre. A vizsgálat célja a vasalási folyamat technológiai paramétereinek a felületi érdességre és keménységre gyakorolt hatásának meghatározása volt. A vasalási kísérleteket X5CrNi18-10 rozsdamentes acél próbatesteken végeztük. A kísérleti vizsgálatok során alkalmazott vasalási paraméterek a vasalási sebesség, előtolás és az erő voltak. A kísérletek megvalósítása a teljes faktoriális kísérlettervezési módszer alkalmazásával történtek. A mért eredmények kiértékelése után megállapítható volt, hogy vasalás hatására a Vickers-keménységa vasalás előtti HV: 330 –370 értékről HV: 380-490 értékre nőtt, míg az érdesség Ra: 0,39-1,24 μm értékről 0,16-0,32 μm értékre csökkent. A 2D és 3D felületi érdesség paramétereket AltiSurf 520 3D-s kromatikus érdesség mérő berendezésenvasalás előtt és után megmértük és kiértékeltük. Egy speciális javulási-arány képlet került megalkotásra vasalási eljárás hatékonyságának értékelésére a keménység és az érdesség vonatkozásában.
Körelőtolású esztergálással végzett befejező megmunkálás vizsgálata
Authors: Sztankovics István
Published: February 2023

A rotációs esztergálás különleges kinematika és szerszám alkalmazásával kínál megoldási lehetőséget a hagyományos esztergálás bizonyos korlátozó jellemzőire. Ebben a cikkben rotációs esztergálásesetén vizsgáltam a forgácsoló erő és a felületi érdesség változását az előtolás növelésekor. A forgácsolási kísérleteket hagyományos és csavarvonal élű szerszámmal is elvégeztem. Vizsgáltam a forgácsolóerő komponenseinek maximális értékeit, a fajlagos erőket, az átlagos érdességet és az átlagos egyenetlenségmagasságot. Megállapítottam, hogy a körelőtolás alkalmazásával a passzív erő és a felületi érdesség hatékonyan csökkenthető a hagyományos esztergáláshoz képest.
Massare
Authors: Perugini Marco
Published: February 2023

Alcuni lettori ci chiedono chiarimenti sull’uso del termine massare per indicare la ‘misurazione della massa’ in sostituzione del più comune (e ancora prevalente) pesare, riconosciuto come non pienamente corretto nel suo significato tecnico-fisico.
Erythropoietin as a prophylactic measure against anemia in critically ill patients: A combined prospective and retrospective study.
Authors: Amer Asmaa Fawzy , Elatrozy Hytham , Elatrozy Hytham , El Mourad Mona
Published: February 2023

Background: The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that administering prophylactic recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) together with early identification and correction of iron deficiency anemia in traumatic brain injury patients would have an effect on the incidence of RBCs transfusion as a primary outcome.

Methodology: One hundred and seventeen head-trauma patients were enrolled. They received 40,000 units of prophylactic rHuEPO, starting on day three after admission and continuing at weekly intervals for 6 weeks, with follow-up of iron biomarkers. Any patient developing iron deficiency anemia was prescribed oral or intravenous iron. The incidence of RBCs transfusion was recorded.

Results: The incidence of RBCs transfusion was significantly less in the prospective group (27.35%) than the retrospective group (42.86%). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly less in the first and second weeks after admission and then began to elevate. Serum iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin were at their lowest levels in the fourth week. Meanwhile, total iron binding capacity was higher in the fourth week and lower in the sixth.

Conclusion: The administration of prophylactic rHuEPO with early discovery and correction of iron deficiency anemia resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of RBCs transfusion in head-trauma patients.
Liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with endophthalmitis
Authors: Mazlan Mohd Zulfakar , Lee Wen Jie
Published: February 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen that can cause severe infections including pyogenic liver abscess which has other metastatic septic complications. One of them is Endogenous Endophthalmitis (EE), particularly caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with serious sequelae and morbidity. We report the case of a middle-aged male with Klebsiella pneumoniae EE in whom a later liver abscess was found on ultrasound. Even though early suspicion was raised and both intravitreal and systemic antibiotics were given even before liver abscess was found as the source of EE, unfortunately, the patient later developed right eye perforation and evisceration was performed. A high index of suspicion for liver abscess should be entertained in patients presented with ocular symptoms along with fever and high CRP to establish an early diagnosis to prevent its dire consequences.

Citation: Lee WJ, Mazlan MZJ. Liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with endophthalmitis. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(5):720−722; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i5.2013
Pressure injuries in ventilated COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kaur Manbir , Sethi Priyanka , BD Vaishnavi , Aneejwal Himanshu
Published: February 2023

Summary: Prolonged high-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO), or non-invasive ventilation (NIV), or endotracheal intubation with prone ventilation in COVID-19 patients may result in pressure sores or ulcers at points on sustained pressure at patient-equipment interphase. Expert nursing care and following the relevant guidelines can prevent the development of such injuries.

Citation: Sethi P, Vaishnavi BD, Aneejwal H, Kaur M. Pressure injuries in ventilated COVID-19 patients. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(5):730−731; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i5.2014
Comparison of two different doses of intravenous remifentanil on cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suwarman Suwarman , Prihartono M. Andy , Azhari Galantry Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Background & Objectives: Endotracheal intubation is one of the most potent stimuli as an integral part of general anesthesia with several risks such as a sudden increase in blood pressure and pulse rate. One of the drugs that can be used to prevent hemodynamic spikes in endotracheal intubation is remifentanil. It has rapid onset and peak effect with short duration of action. Various authors have used different doses of this drug. We compared the effect of two different doses of remifentanil on hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation.

Methodology: It was a randomized clinical trial on 35 patients, aged 19-65 y, physical status ASA I-II, body mass index (BMI) 18.5-29.99 kg/m2, who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia. Subjects were randomly assigned into 2 groups, Group R1, who received remifentanil 0.5 µg/kg intravenously (IV), followed by an infusion @ 0.1 µg/kg/min; and Group R2, who received remifentanil 1 µg/kg followed by 0.1 µg/kg/min intravenously. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, and pulse rates were noted on arrival in the operating room T0, then measurements were performed 2 min after induction (T1), 1 min after intubation (T2), and continued at 3 and 5 min after intubation (T3 and T4). The data was analyzed with SPSS v21.0 for Windows. T-test or Mann-Whitney U test was performed to analyze the data.

Results: Based on this study, the hemodynamic parameters were significantly lower in systolic blood pressure (113.35 ± 4.66 vs. 107.83 ± 6.37, P = 0.008), diastolic blood pressure (68.88   vs. 61.83  P = 0.004), mean arterial pressure (83.76  vs. 77.28 ± 5.84, P = 0.001) and pulse rate (83.71 ± 8.20 vs. 76.11 ± 9.70, P = 0.013) after 1 min of endotracheal intubation in the remifentanil 1 µg/kg group compared to the 0.5 µg/kg remifentanil group.

Conclusion: Administration of remifentanil 1 µg/kg followed by maintenance of 0.1 g/kg/min can cause a statistically significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate compared to remifentanil 0.5 µg/kg followed by maintenance of 0.1 µg/kg/min, when administered for endotracheal intubation.

Abbreviation: BMI: body mass index; IV: intravenously; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; MBP: Mean arterial blood pressure;

Key words: Endotracheal intubation; Hemodynamic insult; Remifentanil

Citation: Suwarman, Prihartono MA, Azhari GA. Comparison of two different doses of intravenous remifentanil on cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled trial. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(6):778−783; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i6.2047
Vaccine hesitancy and distrust: concerns of healthcare workers of Pakistani origin-a survey
Authors: Zaki Mirza Majid Ali , Siddiqui Sarmad Wahaj , Zafar Madiha
Published: February 2023

Background: Vaccine acceptance can play a pivotal role towards control of COVID-19. Many healthcare workers (HCWs) have articulated safety and effectiveness concerns despite being the frontline takers of vaccination. This survey was aimed to investigate the causes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and distrust among HCWs of Pakistani origin.

Methodology: This internet-based survey was conducted on 138 HCWs of Pakistani origin from January 2021 to April 2021.

Results: Out of a total of 138 subjects, 137 (99.3%) HCWs responded to the survey. COVID-19 vaccinations had already been administered to 101 (74%) of the respondents. Out of 36 (26.2%) unvaccinated individuals, 19 (14%) completely declined the vaccination. The prevalence of participants who distrust vaccination effectiveness and safety was 110 (80.3%), while 94 (68.6%) believed vaccine safety was compromised due to rapid development. The prevalence of HCWs who believed long-term adverse effects and that the manufacturers falsified the data was 36 (26.3%) and 22 (16%) respectively.

Conclusion: Our survey found that fears and concerns about the efficacy of the vaccine can impasse struggles to disease transmission and vaccine distribution. Healthcare workers in Pakistan had a higher prevalence of vaccine acceptance compared to other surveys.

Key words: Acceptance; COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccine; Healthcare workers; HCWs; Vaccine hesitancy

Citation: Zaki MMA, Siddiqui SW, Zafar M. Vaccine hesitancy and distrust: concerns of healthcare workers of Pakistani origin-a survey. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(6):767-772; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i6.2056
Ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy after COVID-19 vaccination in a young female; a case report and literature review
Authors: Perveen Wajida , Butt Maryam Naseer , Malik Sarosh , Raja Sohail Khan , Feroz Rabia , Asif Roha
Published: February 2023

It has been two years since vaccination for COVID-19 was launched worldwide. In Pakistan, the vaccination started in the beginning of 2020. Since then several side effects were reported after vaccination, including soreness of the arm, fever, chills, malaise and diarrhoea. Axillary lymphadenopathy has been found to be associated with several conditions that include autoimmune disorders, infections, malignancy and some idiopathic causes. We present a rare case of a 30 y old female with recent recovery from COVID-19, who developed ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy after 15 days of Sinovac vaccination. Ultrasonography was done to confirm the diagnosis and its spread towards breast and cervical region. This case report discusses some key points and recommendations regarding unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy after COVID-19 vaccination.

Key words: COVID-19; Lymphadenopathy; vaccination; Pakistan

Citation: Butt MN, Perveen W, Malik S, Raja SK, Feroz R, Asif R. Ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy after COVID-19 vaccination in a young female; a case report and literature review. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(6):815−818. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i6.2066
Rehabilitation medicine as an integral part of pain medicine
Authors: YAŞARER Özden , ÇOPUROĞLU Özge BAYKAN
Published: February 2023

Editorial note: Pain management is rapidly expanding field of medicine, and it now boasts to have overlapped almost every other medical specialty. A good pain specialist needs to understand the pathogenesis of every single pain condition, which he or she might come across. Only then he might be able to address the route-cause and thus offer comfort to his patients. Apart from medicine and surgery, a pain specialist must have fair knowledge about radio-diagnostics, rehabilitation and physiotherapy, human psychology and psychiatry as well as complimentary medicine. To draw the attention of our emerging pain specialists. the current topic was offered to the renowned Turkish author Özge BAYKAN ÇOPUROĞLU, which she happily accepted. The editorial board acknowledges her contribution with thanks and gratitude.
Pengaruh Kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap Pendapatan Petani Tembakau di Desa Batu Nampar
Authors: Gapari Muhamad Zaril
Published: February 2023

The agricultural sector is a large enough contributor and can last a long time in facing monetary turmoil because it is the basis of life for the people of NTB in general and East Lombok in particular. The agricultural sector is still the main livelihood for most of the population of East Lombok. The agricultural sector in a broad sense is an important and strategic sector in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). The most developed agribusiness activity on the island of Lombok is tobacco farming. This study aims to determine the effect of government policies on the income of tobacco farmers in Batu Napar Village, Jerowaru District. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research. The research population was 296 and the research sample was 38 people. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. Sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis technique used is income analysis, simple linear regression analysis, data normality test, and t test as a hypothesis test. Based on the results of the income analysis, it shows that the average income of tobacco farmers is Rp. 94,842,105 per harvest, so it can be said that this government policy has a considerable impact on increasing the income of tobacco farmers. The results of the hypothesis test with the t test show t count = 6.054 > t table = 2.797 so that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. With the regression direction Y = 14.5 + 2.8X. This shows that there is an influence between government policies on the income of tobacco farmers in Batu Napar Village, Jerowaru District.
Pengaruh Model Role Playing dengan Permainan Tradisional Pasaran terhadap Kemampuan Numerik Siswa
Authors: Andriyani Auliya Cindy , Ulya Himmatul , Kuryanto M. Syafruddin
Published: February 2023

Education has an important role in the development and development of a nation to civilize humans. The process of transferring knowledge takes place continuously that occurs systematically from one person to another. The Transfer of knowledge that occurs is expected to change the attitude, behavior, morals, ethics, and maturity of one's thinking. Learning that uses a variety of learning methods provides a fun transfer of knowledge by involving teachers and students that is carried out in the world of education at school. Based on observations made by researchers, it was found that the low numerical ability of students in the study, so the researchers conducted a study using a role playing model using traditional market games in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the effect of role playing models with traditional games of the market on the numerical ability of students on the average difference pretest-posttest. Actors in the game markets are children who have not been so burdened with activities that require energy and mind. This study is a pre-experimental design with one-group pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted in Class V SDN 01 Gemiring Kidul, Nalumsari, Jepara. The independent variable of this research is role playing model using traditional market games, while the dependent variable is the numerical ability of students. Data analysis techniques used Are t test on pretest and posttest results with a significance level of 5%. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that the application of role playing model using traditional market games have an influence on the numerical ability of students, with the average numerical ability of students before being given treatment of 52.5 and after using the role playing model with traditional market games of 82.83. The difference in the average result has a difference of 30.33 which shows a significant effect on students ' numerical ability.
A Low Energy Clock Network with a Huge Number of Local Synchronized Oscillators
Authors: Carlstedt Gunnar , Rimborg Mats
Published: February 2023

Manycore processors may generally be implemented as an array of small processing elements (PE) interconnected by a communication mesh (NoC). This article describes a clock system for such chips, with many thousands of high frequency PEs.

Each PE contains a low energy oscillator. It synchronizes with the four neighbors by an additional low voltage wire parallel to the communication links, which carries a sinusoidal signal. This wire is part of a resonant circuit that extends to all PE oscillators. Theoretically, in an infinite mesh the oscillators will all be phase locked, but in a limited mesh there will be fringe effects. In a mesh with 25×25 oscillators, the maximum skew between neighboring regions is within 3.3 ps. By slightly adjusting the free running frequency of the oscillators, the skew can be reduced to 1.2 ps.

Because there is no central clock, both power consumption and clock frequency can be improved compared to a conventional clock distribution network. A PE of 150×150 μm² running at 6.7 GHz with 93 master-slave flip-flops is used as an example. The PE-internal clock skew is less than 2.3 ps, and the energy consumption of the clock system 807 μW per PE. This corresponds to an effective gate and wire capacitance of 509 aF, or 7.3 gate capacitances.

Scheduling the local oscillators gradually along one of the grid’s axes reduces the power noise. In this way, surge currents, which generally have their peaks at the clock edges, are distributed evenly over a full clock cycle.
Bubble NoC – A Low Energy Network-on-Chip with Small Footprint and High Performance
Authors: Carlstedt Gunnar , Rimborg Mats
Published: February 2023

The Bubble NoC is simple, but still provides outstanding performance. Flow control is implemented by bubbles, which are inserted between the flits. The algorithm resembles a traffic situation where a vehicle only moves if the next position is empty. When a flit moves, a bubble is created behind it, and when there is a blocking the bubbles are collapsed as the flits behind are packed together. Even when the Bubble NoC is saturated, it degrades gracefully, and the execution continues.

Deterministic prerouting is used, with the address stored as markers in a 2-out-of-32 code. The XY routing algorithm shifts the address one step at each hop, and turns or finishes when there is a marker first in the address.

The physical implementation is a mesh of lanes containing time-division multiplexed links of 38 wires carrying a 32-bit payload. Signaling is made by current injection that charges the wires. A switch is placed in a four-way crossing, with a fifth local connection into a lane. The switch has an input register for each approaching lane. Straight ahead traffic is simply let through, and a diagonal gate is used for the turning traffic.

All switches are transmission gates, and the control is distributed as a sidewalk in a few µm of the periphery that surrounds the intersection. In a 14 nm technology, the lanes are 7 μm wide, the crossing is 17 μm in square, the hop frequency 3.3 GHz, and the energy for a datapath 4.1 fJ/bit/hop (150 μm).
How MagNet: Machine Learning Framework for Modeling Power Magnetic Material Characteristics
Authors: Chen Minjie
Published: February 2023

This paper applies machine learning to power mag- netics modeling. We first introduce an open-source database – MagNet – which hosts a large amount of experimentally measured excitation data for many materials across a variety of operating conditions, consisting of more than 500,000 data points in its current state. The processes for data acquisition and data quality control are explained. We then demonstrate a few neural network-based power magnetics modeling tools for modeling the core losses and B–H loops. Machine learning allows multiple factors that may influence the magnetic characteristics to be mod- eled in a unified framework, while provides insights to quantify the complexity of magnetic characteristics and reduce the size of the measurement data required to build a precise model. Neural network models are found to be effective in compressing the measurement data and predicting the material characteristics. The behaviors of a typical power magnetic material (TDK N87) across a wide range of operating conditions (e.g., temperature, waveform, dc-bias) can be well described by a small-scale neural network (204 KB) which is 2,500 times smaller than the raw measured time-series data (512 MB), paving the way for “neural networks as datasheet” to assist power magnetics design. 
Scalability, Explainability and Performance of Data-Driven Algorithms in Predicting the Remaining Useful Life: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bakhtiari Ramezani Somayeh , Cummins Logan , Killen Brad , Carley Richard , Amirlatifi Amin , Rahimi Shahram , Seale Maria , Bian Linkan
Published: February 2023

This work summarizes the state-of-the-art data-driven methods for prediction of the Remaining Useful Life

(RUL)

It discusses challenges and open problems faced in PdM

This study presents a discussion on the new problems that need to be considered towards the Industry 4.0 goals

We propose the future direction for each challenge discussed in this article
A Hybrid Model Based Dual Extended Kalman Filter with Application on a Cam Follower System
Authors: Van Heck Cedric , Vandeputte Matthias , Coene Annelies , Crevecoeur Guillaume
Published: February 2023

This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.

Online monitoring of mechatronic systems and production environments helps operators to steer their processes into regions of optimal performance. Filtering methods, such as the Kalman filter, emerge in this setting thanks to their ability to process sensor data in real-time. Extensive engineering efforts are required to attain a behavioral model on the system dynamics for this filter. What is more, the model needs updating when facing varying conditions that are prevalent in mechatronic and production systems during operation. At the same time, datadriven methods excel in adapting models to match measurements without relying heavily on expert knowledge, but suffer from main drawbacks such as the lack of interpretability and the batchwise approach. This paper proposes a novel methodology relying on two key ideas. First a dual extended Kalman filter allows to jointly estimate and adapt model parameters in an online setting. Secondly, within this filter a hybrid model is embedded that depends on physics-based and data-driven parameters that are being updated, leading up to increased prediction capabilities and hence improved estimations on the state of the system. We evaluate the presented hybrid dual Extended Kalman filter on a cam follower system where it shows the ability to learn the cam shape during operation whilst tracking the state with an increased accuracy of more than 22% compared to other filtering techniques.
Why Smart Contracts Reported as Vulnerable were not Exploited?
Authors: Hu Tianyuan , Li Jingyue , Li Bixin , Storhaug André
Published: February 2023

Smart contract security is essential for blockchain applications. Studies show that few of the reported vulnerabilities are exploited. However, no follow-up study is performed to why the reported vulnerabilities are not exploited. We aim to understand the reasons for the low exploitation rate to help improve vulnerability detection practices. We first collect 136,969 unique real-world smart contracts and analyze them using seven vulnerability detectors. Then, we apply Strauss’ grounded theory approach to understand if they are exploitable. In addition, we analyze the transaction logs of the exploitable vulnerabilities to understand their exploitations in history.  Among the 4,364 smart contracts reported as vulnerable by the vulnerability detectors, 75.27% of them are unexploitable. Only 66 (0.015%) exploitable contracts have been exploited. We uncover 11 reasons for making the detectors misidentify unexploitable vulnerabilities and six reasons that may lower the possibility of exploitable contracts being exploited by attackers. We illustrate that: beyond treating the smart contracts as yet another Object Oriented (OO) application, it is essential to consider the Solidity programming language’s design principle, smart contracts' application scenarios, and their execution environments. Based on the study's insights, we provide several suggestions to improve smart contract vulnerability detection, prioritization, and mitigation.  
Enactivism & Objectively Optimal Super-Intelligence
Authors: Bennett Michael Timothy
Published: February 2023

Software's effect upon the world hinges upon the hardware that interprets it. This tends not to be an issue, because we standardise hardware. AI is typically conceived of as a software "mind'' running on such interchangeable hardware. This formalises mind-body dualism, in that a software "mind'' can be run on any number of standardised bodies. While this works well for simple applications, we argue that this approach is less than ideal for the purposes of formalising artificial general intelligence (AGI) or artificial super-intelligence (ASI). The general reinforcement learning agent AIXI is pareto optimal. However, this claim regarding AIXI's performance is highly subjective, because that performance depends upon the choice of interpreter. We examine this problem and formulate an approach based upon enactive cognition and pancomputationalism to address the issue. Weakness is a measure of plausibility, a "proxy for intelligence'' unrelated to compression or simplicity. If hypotheses are evaluated in terms of weakness rather than length, then we are able to make objective claims regarding performance (how effectively one adapts, or "generalises'' from limited information). Subsequently, we propose a definition of AGI which is objectively optimal given a "vocabulary'' (body etc) in which cognition is enacted, and of ASI as that which finds the optimal vocabulary for a purpose and then constructs an AGI.