bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan kolaborasi peserta didik kelas II C SD Kanisius Sengkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran student teams achievement division (STAD)
Authors: Widha Ari Nur Setyawan
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The study aims to improve the collaboration skills of second grade C student at Kanisius Sengkan Elementary School in the 2022/2023 academic year in the  thematic learning using a Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) instructional model. The research method was classroom action research which was carried out in two learning cycles. The research subjects were 32 students from Class II C at Kanisius Sengkan Elementary School. The data analysis technique used in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate an improvement in the collaborative skills of Class II C students at Kanisius Sengkan Elementary School through the utilization of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) instructional model. This improvement is evidenced by an increase in the average collaborative skill score, which r from 43.33 to 60 in Learning Cycle I, and further increased to 78.33 in Learning Cycle II.
Keywords: Classroom Action Research, Collaborative Skills, STAD
                Abstrak
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan kolaborasi siswa kelas II C SD Kanisius Sengkan Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023 pada pembelajaran tematik dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD). Metode penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom research) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian merupakan siswa kelas II C SD Kanisius Sengkan sebanyak  32 orang siswa. Teknik análisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah análisis deskrptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan keterampilan kolaborasi siswa kelas II C SD Kanisius Sengkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD). Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan rata – rata keterampilan kolaborasi yaitu 43.33 menjadi 60 pada siklus I kemudian meningkat lagi menjadi 78.33 pada siklus II.
Kata kunci : Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, keterampilan Kolaborasi, STAD
Pengaruh metode quantum writing berbantuan big book terhadap kemampuan menulis paragraf narasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati
Published: June 2024

Indonesia menempati posisi 60 dari 61 negara dengan budaya literasi terendah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan banyak siswa sekolah dasar yang kesulitan  menyusun kata menjadi kalimat atau mengelompokkan beberapa kalimat menjadi satu paragraf. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa permasalahan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di Indonesia, antara lain: (1) kemampuan menulis sangat rendah; (2) minat menulis siswa  sangat rendah; (2) guru lebih banyak mengajar teori menulis daripada siswa berlatih menulis; (4) membatasi penggunaan alat peraga dalam proses pembelajaran menulis; (5) siswa menganggap  pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia tidak menarik dan sangat membosankan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk memperoleh gambaran proses penerapan metode quantum writing serta hasil kemampuan menuis dengan menerapkan metode tersebut. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu penelitian eksperimen (analisis kuantitatif). Data kuantitatif meliputi data hasil pretest dan posttest kemampuan menulis paragraf siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa penerapan metode quantum writing mampu meningkatkan kemampuan menulis paragraf narasi siswa disesuaikan dengan usia perkembangan siswa serta alat pendukung yaitu big book.
Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis uang rupiah menggunakan pendekatan contextual teaching and learning berbantuan microsoft powerpoint pada materi pecahan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan daya ingat siswa SD kelas III
Authors: Dewi Soffi Rusmala , Murni Sukma , Widianto Febri Restu
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang â€œPengembangan Media Pembelajaran Uang Rupiah Menggunakan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning Berbantuan Microsoft Powerpoint pada Materi Pecahan Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Daya Ingat Siswa SD Kelas IIIâ€, Anak di usia sekolah dasar mereka lebih dominan memakai otak kanan dibanding otak kiri, oleh karena itu banyak sekali siswa yang kurang menyukai mata pelajaran matematika, Hal ini dibuktikan pada pelajaran matematika pada materi pecahan di SD Cihideung kelas III. Dari hasil nilai harian tersebut bahwa dari 29 orang siswa dengan nilai rata-rata 68,79. Adapun nilai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) di sekolah adalah 70 untuk pelajaran matematika. Dari hasil nilai harian tersebut terbukti siswa masih rendah dalam kemampuan daya ingat karena keterlibatan siswa secara langsung dalam pembelajaran masih minim sehingga siswa tidak mampu mengingat materi yang diajarkan. Selain itu, hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa beberapa siswa tidak memperhatikan guru sehingga sulit untuk memahami materi dan mengingat materi. Pada kasus ini penulis merangkai metode pembelajaran matematika pada satu tema yaitu bilangan pecahan secara sederhana dan mudah, salah satunya menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis uang rupiah berbantuan microsoft powerpoint yang menggunakan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning karena dengan hal ini siswa mampu meningkatkan kemampuan daya ingat secara realistis dan teoritis.
Pengembangan bahan ajar berbantuan power point dengan menggunakan talking stick untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis puisi siswa kelas IV SD
Authors: Fauziah Afifah , Setiyadi Ruli , Wulandari Medita Ayu
Published: June 2024

Rendahnya keterampilan menulis puisi siswa kelas IV SD menjadi latar belakang adanya penelitian ini. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengembangkan media powerpoint menggunakan model talking stick yang memiliki kualitas layak atau valid, praktis dan efektif diterapkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan 8 tahap model Borg & Gall yang disederhanakan. Teknik pengumpulan data untuk memperoleh hasil penelitian yaitu nontes meliputi wawancara, observasi pembelajaran, studi dokumentasi, angket validasi ahli, angket respon siswa, dan tes keterampilan menulis puisi. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) mengetahui proses pengembangan media powerpoint dengan menggunakan model talking stick; (2) media dinyatakan layak setelah di validasi oleh ahli materi, ahli media dan ahli praktisi dengan kriteria sangat valid; (3) respon siswa yang diberikan terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media yang dikembangkan dinilai dengan kriteria baik; (4) hasil keterampilan menulis siswa pada uji terbatas dapat dilihat dari hasil rata-rata nilai pada pretest 72 dan nilai pada posttets 85. KemudianÂ  pada uji diperluas didapat rerata nilai pretest 76 dan posttest 87. Karena pada nilai posttest lebih tinggi nilainya dari pada nilai pretest, maka disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan terhadap keterampilan menulis puisi siswa kelas IV SD.Â Â
Penggunaan model problem based learning untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep IPS pada siswa kelas V SD
Authors: Octaviani Meisy Novita , Putu Arga Hana Sakura , Kuswendi Uus
Published: June 2024

PenelitianÂ  dilatar belakangi berdasarkan permasalahan yang terjadi yaitu rendahnya kemampuan pemahaman konsep IPS pada siswa kelas V serta sebagian guru masih belum menerapkan model pembelajaran hanya memberikan materi dengan metode ceramah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep IPS jenjang siswa Sekolah Dasar. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan, maka solusi yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi di SDN 197 Karang Taruna Karangsari dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Metode penelitian mix method digunakan untuk penelitian ini. Adapun desain yang digunakan adalah sequensial explanatory. Pada penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode eksperimen kuasi dengan desain Nonrandomized Pre-test Post-test Control Group Design. Sebanyak 26 siswa kelas V C pada kelas eksperimen dan sebanyak 26 siswa pada kelas V A sebagai kelas kontrol di SDN 197 Karang Taruna Karangsari. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji statistik nilai rata-rata gain pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,39 termasuk kategori sedang dan nilai rata-rata gain kelas kontrol memperoleh hasil sebesar 0,26 dengan kriteria rendah. Artinya model Problem Based Learning lebih baik dibandingkan menggunakan model konvensional. Siswa sangat antusias terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning serta model ini cocok digunakan pada kelas V jenjang sekolah dasar.
Analisis bibliometrik penelitian teknologi pendidikan pada publikasi ilmiah terindeks google scholar
Authors: Kanaya Aliya Dewi
Published: June 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis terhadap perkembangan publikasi yang berkaitan dengan teknologi pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis bibliometrik dengan menggunakan aplikasi VOSViewer. Aplikasi Publish or Perish digunakan untuk mendapatkan data terkait jurnal yang terindeks oleh Gooogle Scholar, menghasilkan 927 artikel yang berkaitan dengan teknologi pendidikan dari tahun 2018 hingga 2023. Tahun 2018 sebanyak 267 artikel, tahun 2019 sebanyak 202 artikel, tahun 2020 sebanyak 319 artike, tahun 2021 sebanyak 96 artikel, tahun 2022 sebanyak 34 artikel, dan tahun 2023 sebanyak 9 artikel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan artikel tentang teknologi pendidikan yang terjadi pada tahun 2018 hingga 2020. Namun mengalami penurunan dari tahun 2021 hingga 2023. Topik terkini yang sering dibahas selain kata kunci terkait dalam pencarian adalah education, virtual reality, covid, medical education, knowledge, online. Namun ada beberapa topik yang jarang dibahas seperti technology education, information, teacher education, communication technology, ICT, sehingga dapat menjadi topik bagi peneliti lain untuk mengembangkan fokus penelitian.
Pembelajaran daring pemahaman konsep matematika materi kesetaraan pecahan mata uang dengan menggunakan media gambar
Authors: Usman Siti Nurhaliza , Setiyadi Ruli , Fahmi Nurfurqon Faridillah
Published: June 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah agar siswa dapat lebih mudah mengelompok uang yang bernilai setara dan berbeda bisa ditukar, belajar mengenal jenis-jenis uang rupiah terbaru disertai gambar uang aslinya pada saat proses pembelajaran daring yaitu proses belajar yang dilakukan secara online atau tidak bertatap muka. Siswa akan lebih mudah memahami, mengetahui, membaca, menentukan angka dan jumlah uang itu sendiri dalam pemahaman konsep matematika pada saat proses pembelajaran daring dengan bantuan media gambar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil perhitungan rata-rata skor test siswa adalah 95% hal ini menunjukan respon baik dan hasil perhitungan angket siswa adalah 33 dalam presentase 66% berdasarkan kriteria hasil angket menunjukkan respon baik. Sedangkan hasil wawancara diketahui bahwa siswa masih tergolong rendah terbukti pada saat diberikan sebuah pertanyaan berdasarkan indikator pemahaman konsep matematika, hasil wawancara diperoleh informasi bahwa siswa belum mampu menjelaskan pecahan mata uang dengan kata-kata sendiri, siswa belum mampu dalam menyebutkan/menentukan nilai pecahan mata uang yang bukan dari contoh sehingga konsep dalam penyelesaian masalah yang diberikan tidak dapat terselesaikan dan jawaban yang diberikan tidak tepat. Siswa hanya mampu menjawab sesuai konsep yang diberikan contoh. Untuk itu, pentingnya pemahaman konsep dalam matematika agar siswa dapat mengelompokkan objek atau kejadian kedalam contoh atau bukan contoh.
Cloak of Longing - Dr Mikey Georgeson
Authors: Konfessor Kimey Peckpo
Published: June 2024

The Cloak of Longing has been involved in conference keynote, public and university pastoral occasions. At the heart of my research practice is a desire to liberate capacities of expressivity via a processual use intuitive material vitality. This contingent radical empiricism regards the communication model's need for pre-given therefore-ness as potentially occluding of capacities to work with matter flow – a characteristic of a cosmos of nonhuman agency inside which a performative intra-relational understanding emerges.
Lidar-Derived Forest Metrics Predict Snow Accumulation and Ablation in the Central Sierra Nevada, USA
Authors: Piske Cara R. , Carroll Rosemary , Boisrame Gabrielle , Krogh Sebastian A. , Manning Aidan L. , Underwood Kristen L. , Lewis Gabriel , Harpold Adrian
Published: June 2024

Snowmelt is a critical water resource in the Sierra Nevada impacting
populations in California and Nevada. In this region, forest managers
use treatments like selective thinning to encourage resilient ecosystems
but rarely prioritize snowpack retention due to a lack of simple
recommendations and the importance of other management objectives like
wildfire mitigation and wildlife habitat. We use light detection and
ranging (lidar) data collected over multiple snow accumulation seasons
in the Sagehen Creek Basin, central Sierra Nevada in California, USA, to
investigate how snowpack accumulation and ablation are affected by
forest structure metrics at coarse, stand-scales (e.g., fraction of
vegetation, or fVEG) and fine, tree-scales (e.g., a modified leaf area
index, and the ratio of gap-width to average tree height). Using a newly
developed lidar point cloud filtering method and an “open-area
reference” approach, we show that for each 10% decrease in fVEG there
is a ~30% increase in snow accumulation and a
~15% decrease in ablation rate at the Sagehen field
site. To understand variability around these relationships, we use a
random forest analysis to demonstrate that areas with fVEG greater than
~30% have the greatest potential increased accumulation
response after forest removal. This spatial information allows us to
assess the utility of completed and planned forest restoration
strategies in targeting areas with the highest potential snowpack
response. Our new lidar processing methods and reference-based approach
are easily transferrable to other areas where they could improve
decision support and increase water availability from landscape-scale
forest restoration projects.
Species distribution model predictability doesn't always decline under novel temperature conditions
Authors: Allyn Andrew , Brodie Stephanie , Mills Katherine , Braun Camrin , McGarigal Keving , Farchadi Nima , Hazen Elliott , Kerney Alex , Lezama-Ochoa Nerea , Pugh Dylan , Young-Morse Riley , Lewison Rebecca
Published: June 2024

Despite the rapid development and application of species distribution
models (SDMs) to predict species responses to climate-driven ecosystem
changes, we have a limited understanding of model predictive performance
under novel environmental conditions. We aimed to address this gap using
a simulation experiment to evaluate how novel ecosystem conditions and
species movement influence SDM predictability. We leveraged observed sea
surface temperature responses in the California Current and Northeast
U.S. Shelf large marine ecosystems (LMEs) and prescribed
species-response curves to simulate the distribution of a resident but
mobile ectotherm, and a seasonally migrating ectotherm in each LME. For
each LME and species archetype, we fitted boosted regression tree SDMs
using data from 1985-2004 and then predicted the monthly probability of
presence from 2005-2020 and calculated the environmental novelty of
prediction month conditions. Generally, climate-driven ocean warming
resulted in increasing environmental novelty over time, though patterns
varied seasonally as warming caused novel conditions to increase over
time in the summer and fall and decrease in the winter and spring as
novel, cool conditions became more rare. Overall, predictive performance
declined as novelty increased and occurred before prediction conditions
became distinguishable from observation conditions. There were also
unexpected increases in performance under novel environmental conditions
when these novel conditions occurred at optimum species-response curve
temperatures. These results highlight that environmental novelty may not
always pose prediction challenges and will depend on where novel
conditions map onto species-response curves. As SDM applications expand,
there will be an ongoing need to maximize data quantity and quality to
more fully characterize a species’ fundamental niche, explore
environmental novelty relative to species-response curves, and continue
to improve methods for quantifying and communicating model uncertainty.
These efforts will open opportunities for model improvement and support
stakeholders’ capacity to understand and integrate predictions into
decision-making processes.
Active defense strategies for invasive plants may alter the distribution pattern of pests in the invaded area
Authors: Zhai Jun , Hou Bin , Hu Fang , Yu Guo , Li Zhi , Young Evan Palmer , Xiang Hui , Gao Lei
Published: June 2024

In the invaded areas, it is believed that invasive species reduce their
investment in defense due to the absence of natural enemies. This study
explored the defense strategies of invasive plants through research on
the invasive species. Field investigation indicated that invasive plants
have a driving effect on herbivorous pests, and the frequency of leaf
damages of native plant reaches a peak at 2–3 m distance from the
invasive species. A feeding preference assay with two generalist
herbivorous insects (native insect Spodoptera litura and invasive insect
Spodoptera frugiperda) showed that the invasive plants have a stronger
antifeedant effect on generalist herbivores than native plants. By
analyzing the content of secondary metabolites in the leaves of three
invasive plants (Sphagneticola trilobata, Mikania micrantha, Ipomoea
cairica) and three native plants (Ipomoea nil, Paederia foetida,
Polygonum chinense), the leaves of invasive plants had higher
concentrations of substances associated with defenses, including total
phenols, flavonoids, jasmonic acid, tannin, H2O2, and total antioxidant
capacity, and lower soluble protein concentrations than the native
plants. After leaf damage, compared to native plants, the leaves of
invasive plants showed an overall increase in substances associated with
defense, except for soluble sugar. These results suggest that invasive
plants maintain active defense strategies in invaded areas, and these
strategies may alter the distribution patterns of herbivorous insects in
a manner that facilitates invasion.
Anti-inflammatory and remyelinating effects of AZD4547 in experimental multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gurski Fynn , Shirvanchi Kian , Rajendran Vinothkumar , Rajendran Ranjithkumar , Megalofonou Fevronia-Foivi , Böttiger Gregor , Stadelmann Christine , Bhushan Sudhanshu , Ergün Süleyman , Karnati Srikanth , Berghoff Martin
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose: Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), VEGFR2, and
CSF1R signalling pathways play a key role in the pathogenesis of
multiple sclerosis (MS). Selective inhibition of FGFR by infigratinib in
MOG35-55-induced EAE prevented severe first clinical episodes by 40%;
inflammation and neurodegeneration were reduced, and remyelination was
enhanced. Multi-kinase inhibition of FGFR1-3, CSF1R and VEGFR2 by
AZD4547 may be more efficient in reducing inflammation,
neurodegeneration and regeneration in the disease model. Experimental
Approach: Female C57BL/6J mice were treated with AZD4547 (6.25 mg kg-1
or 12.5 mg kg-1) orally or placebo over 10 days either from time of EAE
induction (prevention experiment) or onset of symptoms (suppression
experiment). Effects on inflammation, neurodegeneration and
remyelination were assessed at the peak of the disease (day 18/20 p.i.)
and the chronic phase of EAE (day 41/42 p.i.). Key Results: In the
prevention experiment, treatment with AZD4547 prevented severe first
clinical episodes by 66.7 or 84.6% respectively. Mice treated with 12.5
mg kg-1 of AZD4547 hardly showed any symptoms in the chronic phase of
EAE. In the suppression experiment, treatment with AZD4547 resulted in a
long-lasting reduction of severe symptoms by 91 or 100%. Inflammation
and demyelination were reduced, and axonal density, numbers of
oligodendrocytes and their precursor cells, and remyelinated axons were
increased in both experimental approaches. Conclusion and Implications:
Multi-kinase inhibition by AZD4547 in a well-tolerated dose of 1 mg kg-1
in humans may be a promising approach to reduce inflammation and
neurodegeneration, to slow down disease progression and support
remyelination in patients.
Discovery of Novel Pyrazole-Amide-Isothiazole Derivatives as Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
Authors: Bao Ai-ling , Xie Xian-song , Wang De-yuan , Deng Zi-quan , Chen Yun , Li Jie , Liu Xing-lin , Liu Dan , Cheng Wei , Li Wei-yi , Tang Xiao-rong , Yan Yingkun
Published: June 2024

With the emergence of drug resistance problems, many nitrogen-containing
compounds have shown a wide range of biological activities. But so far,
isothiazole derivatives have not been reported as antifungal agents. In
this thesis, thirty-four novel pyrazole-amide-isothiazole compounds were
designed and synthesised by using scaffold hopping theory. All of the
target compounds have been confirmed by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and HRMS, the
single-crystal culture of compound 7-XHU-2 was idendified. In addition,
we performed gram scale-up experiments on target compounds 7-XHU-2 and
7-XHU-6. All the target compounds against five plant pathogens by
mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that most of the
compounds exhibited certain biological activities against Botrytis
cinerea in vitro, compound 7-XHU-6 showed the best inhibitory activity
against Botrytis cinerea and the inhibition rate can up to 98.27%.
Scanning electron microscopic to observe the effect of mycelium action.
Besides, the in vivo experiment indicated that compound 7-XHU-6 had
excellent effect against Botrytis cinerea, protection efficiency up to
98.7%, therapeutic efficiency can reach up to 90.6%. In addition,
molecular docking studies demonstrated that compound 7-XHU-6 has
superior binding energy compared to the positive control fluopyram. This
study demonstrates that 7-XHU-6 is a promising fungicidal candidate for
further development
Self-Distillation for Fast-Adaptive Automatic Modulation Classification
Authors: Shi Yunhao , Xu Hua , Qi Zisen , Wang Dan , Zhang Yue
Published: June 2024

Deep Learning models have ushered in leapfrog development in Automatic
Modulation Classification (AMC). However, existing AMC models frequently
fail to generalize well in testing data with different distribution. In
this letter, we propose a simple and efficient baseline: incorporating
self-distillation (SD) training strategy into an advanced backbone
network. SD constructs a series of training tasks to continuously
retrain on source dataset and generates a generalized backbone. Then the
trained model is served as the foundation for finetuning on target
dataset. The backbone network utilized multi-stream inputs and
multi-scale convolutional kernels for increasing feature diversity.
Besides, Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Residual
connection are also introduced into backbone network. Experiments
conducted on RadioML2016.10a and RadioML2018.01a demonstrate that the
superiority of the proposed backbone network and SD additional boost the
generalization ability of the model.
Community Insights for scoping a NASA Terrestrial Ecology field campaign in drylands: ARID
Authors: Feldman Andrew F. , Reed Sasha , Amaral Cibele , Babst-Kostecka Alicja , Babst Flurin , Biederman Joel Aaron , Devine Charles John , Fu Zheng , Green Julia K. , Guo Jessica S , Hanan Niall P , Kokaly Raymond F , Litvak Marcy , MacBean Natasha , Moore David , Ojima Dennis , Poulter Benjamin , Scott Russell L. , Smith William K. , swap Robert J , Tucker Compton J. , Wang Lixin , Watts Jennifer , Wessels Konrad , Zhang Fangyue , Zhang Wen
Published: June 2024

Dryland ecosystems cover 40% of our planet’s land surface, support the
lives of billions of people, and are responding dramatically to the
combined effects of climate and land use change. These expansive and
diverse systems also dominate core aspects of Earth’s climate, storing
and exchanging vast amounts of water, carbon, and energy with the
atmosphere. Despite the indispensable natural resources and ecosystem
services provided by drylands and their high vulnerability to change,
drylands are one of the most, if not the most, poorly understood
ecosystem types. Such lack of study has been in part due to incorrect
historical assumptions that drylands are unproductive “wastelands”.
This lack of understanding results in notably poor model representation
and forecasting capacity, hindering our representation and decision
making for these vulnerable ecosystems. The NASA Terrestrial Ecology
Program solicited proposals for a multi-year field campaign, of which
Adaptation and Response in Drylands (ARID) was one of two scoping
studies selected. With the goal of gathering input from the scientific
and data end-user communities, we provide an overview of our ARID
kick-off meeting with over 300 in-person and virtual participants held
in October 2023 at the University of Arizona. This meeting gathered
insights from public and private data end-users and scientists. We also
report on follow-up activities that have taken place since then,
including town halls, community surveys, and international engagements.
Dynamic Thermomechanical Modeling of Rock-Ice Avalanches: Understanding Flow Transitions, Water Dynamics, and Uncertainties
Authors: Munch Jessica , Zhuang Yu , Bartelt Perry
Published: June 2024

The swift melting of glaciers and thawing of permafrost in mountainous
regions has increased the danger of rock-ice avalanches, which poses a
severe threat due to their potential transition into water-saturated
debris flows. The devastating event in Chamoli, India, on February 7th,
2021, exemplifies the catastrophic consequences of such cascades of
processes. Developing a model capable of predicting the dynamics and
extent of these events is imperative for natural hazard science and
disaster mitigation. In response, we propose a depth-averaged rock-ice
avalanche model encompassing four distinct materials: rock, ice, snow,
and water. The model integrates crucial physical processes, including
frictional heating, phase changes, ground material entrainment, and
air-blast hazards. Through a system of mass and momentum balance
equations extended with grain flow and internal energy equations, the
model captures heat exchanges and resulting phase changes as the
fragmented material flows. Focusing on identifying the primary water
source in the flow and testing the model on the Chamoli event, we
quantify water’s influence on flow dynamics and regime transitions.
However, uncertainties persist in heat transfer physics and quantifying
the hydro-meteorological state of the flow path. Our thermo-mechanical
model enables the simulation of complex avalanches and identifies key
flow transitions: powder cloud formation, potential debris flow
transformation. The study underscores the pivotal role of water in
avalanche dynamics and the challenge of accurately quantifying water
content within the flow, necessitating comprehensive ground assessments
for effective disaster management.
Diffraction of ELF electromagnetic waves by the ionospheric gradients at the day/night terminator measured at the Hylaty station
Authors: Ostrowski Michal , Golkowski Mark , Kubisz Jerzy , Michalec Adam , Mlynarczyk Janusz , Nieckarz Zenon
Published: June 2024

We perform azimuth time tracking of multiple thunderstorm centers on the
globe, which are sources of extremely low frequency (ELF)
electromagnetic waves propagating in the spherical Earth-ionosphere
cavity. For observations made in September 2023 we identify azimuths of
numerous global emission centers using our data sampled at 3 kHz at the
Hylaty station in Poland. We confirm significant and relatively regular
thunderstorm azimuth variation during the solar terminator passage over
the observation site. The magnitude and duration of the azimuth
deviations depend on the observed azimuths but are also varying between
successive days and changing detailed thunderstorm activity patterns.
The measured maximum positive (preferentially at the sunrise time) and
negative (preferentially at the sunset time) azimuth deviations reach
even above 20 for waves propagating close to the terminator. We
discovered also particular composite deviation structures, with the
negative azimuth deviation directly preceding a larger positive one, as
occurring during the morning terminator passage. At azimuths distant
from the terminator one can observe decreasing of the regular deviation
magnitude and occasionally lower magnitude deviations with opposite
sign. Variations of the observed azimuth time structures between
successive days are expected to result from varying thunderstorm
activity on Earth as well variability of ionospheric parameters, in
particular of charge gradients and nonuniformities occurring along the
terminator. We postulate that the observed deviations result from a
signal diffraction at the varying ionospheric gradients.
Spatial attribution of temporal variability in global land-atmosphere CO2 exchange using a model-data integration framework
Authors: Lee Hoontaek , Jung Martin , Carvalhais Nuno , Reichstein Markus , Forkel Matthias , Bloom A. Anthony , Pacheco-Labrador Javier , Koirala Sujan
Published: June 2024

The spatial contribution to the global land-atmosphere carbon dioxide
(CO\textsubscript{2}) exchange is crucial in
understanding and projecting the global carbon cycle, yet different
studies diverge on the dominant regions. Informing land models with
observational data is a promising way to reduce the parameter and
structural uncertainties and advance our understanding. Here, we develop
a parsimonious diagnostic process-based model of land carbon cycles,
constraining parameters with observation-based products. We compare
CO\textsubscript{2} flux estimates from our model with
observational constraints and Trends in Net Land-Atmosphere Carbon
Exchange (TRENDY) model ensemble to show that our model reasonably
reproduces the seasonality of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and GPP and
interannual variability (IAV) of NEE. Finally, we use the developed
model, TRENDY models, and observational constraints to attribute
variability in global NEE and gross primary productivity (GPP) to
regional variability. The attribution analysis confirms the dominance of
Northern temperate and boreal regions in the seasonality of
CO\textsubscript{2} fluxes. Regarding NEE IAV, we
identify a significant contribution from tropical savanna regions as
previously perceived. Furthermore, we highlight that tropical humid
regions are also identified as at least equally relevant contributors as
semi-arid regions. At the same time, the largest uncertainty among
ensemble members of NEE constraint and TRENDY models in the tropical
humid regions underscore the necessity of better process understanding
and more observations in these regions. Overall, our study identifies
tropical humid regions as key regions for global land-atmosphere
CO\textsubscript{2} exchanges and the inter-model
spread of its modeling.
Temperature and Flow Control Organic Carbon Metabolism in Boreal Headwater Streams
Authors: Iannucci Frances M. , Jones Jeremy B. , Olson Kristin L. , Muscarella Mario , Hotchkiss Erin
Published: June 2024

Carbon (C) emissions from headwater streams are derived from both
terrestrial inputs and in-stream metabolism of organic C (OC), but the
role of metabolism in boreal stream C fluxes remains uncertain.
Determining the factors that regulate OC metabolism will help predict
how the C balance of boreal streams will respond to future environmental
change. In this study, we addressed the question: what controls OC
metabolism in boreal headwater streams draining catchments with
discontinuous permafrost? We hypothesized that metabolism is
collectively regulated by OC reactivity, phosphorus availability, and
temperature, with discharge modulating each of these conditions. We
tested these hypotheses using a combination of laboratory experiments
and whole-stream ecosystem metabolism measurements throughout the
Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska, USA.
In the laboratory experiments, respiration and dissolved organic carbon
(DOC) removal were both co-limited by the supply of reactive C and
phosphorus, but temperature and residence time acted as stronger
controls of DOC removal. Ecosystem respiration (ER) was largely
predicted by discharge and site, with some variance explained by gross
primary production (GPP) and temperature. Both ER and GPP varied
inversely with watershed permafrost extent, with an inverse relationship
between temperature and permafrost extent providing the most plausible
explanation. Our results provide some of the first evidence of a
functional response to permafrost thaw in stream ecosystems and suggest
that the contribution of metabolism to stream C emissions may increase
as climate change progresses.
Skilled sub-basin forecasts of seasonal Atlantic hurricane activity
Authors: West Robert , Lopez Hosmay , Lee Sang-Ki , Kim Dongmin , Mercer Andrew E , Foltz Gregory R , Wang Hui
Published: June 2024

Seasonal North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity is largely
regulated by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic
Meridional Mode (AMM) and Multidecadal Variability (AMV), and the
associated difference in sea surface temperature (SST) between the
Atlantic main development region (10°-20°N, 60°-20°W) and the equatorial
Pacific. However, the fluctuating amplitudes and phases of ENSO, AMM,
and other climate modulators contribute to a spatial inhomogeneity of
seasonal hurricane activity throughout the North Atlantic basin, over
which TC impacts may vary significantly. For instance, ENSO is known to
modulate Atlantic vertical wind shear more acutely in the western
tropical North Atlantic, thus influencing TC development in close
proximity to the US. Additionally, Atlantic Niño has recently been shown
to enhance the development of powerful TCs in the eastern tropical North
Atlantic. Therefore, analysis of sub-basin seasonal TC activity would
enable the development of “user-oriented” outlooks (e.g., Gulf of
Mexico energy sector) to better inform regional stakeholder interests.
While seasonal outlooks of North Atlantic hurricane activity have been
available for decades, skilled predictions of sub-basin TC activity have
been elusive and are not yet incorporated in official seasonal
forecasts. We refine the Pacific-Atlantic interbasin SST relationship to
develop seasonal outlooks for five specific North Atlantic sub-basins
(e.g., Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, US East Coast, Subtropical North
Atlantic and Tropical North Atlantic). We find useful skill in
forecasting seasonal sub-basin accumulated cyclone energy for above- and
below-normal seasons, particularly for the Caribbean, using SST
predictors from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble.
Lekens lange linjer: En historisk analyse av lekbegrepet i læreplandokumenter for norske barnehager og skoler fra 1996 til 2020
Authors: Østmoen Jostein Paulgård , Wilhelmsen Terese
Published: June 2024

This article is based on a content analysis of the concept of play in the national curriculum for Norwegian kindergartens and schools from 1996 until 2020. The results show how play’s place in the curriculum has changed in a period characterized by changing knowledge discourses. The results also illuminate how perspectives on play, either as a goal in itself or a means for other purposes, have been written and have developed within and between the documents in line with these discourses. The study contributes knowledge on how national curricula frame the conditions for play in children’s institutional lives.
The Melded Conglomerate-Composite Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: A* Bajaj
Published: June 2024

Composite hemangioendothelioma is an infrequent vascular neoplasm characteristically comprised of complex intermingling of benign, low grade malignant and malignant vascular components and intermediate biological behaviour. Preponderantly confined to distal extremities, especially hands and feet, neoplasm commonly implicates the adult population. The inadequately circumscribed lesion is confined to deep seated dermis or subcutaneous tissue and represents with an admixture of vascular lesions as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, retiform hemangioendothelioma, low grade angiosarcoma, lymphangioma or variants of haemangioma as spindle cell haemangioma, capillary haemangioma, cavernous haemangioma, hobnail haemangioma or epithelioid haemangiom.
New Mechanisms of Barrett's Esophagus Development
Authors: Temirbek Madina , Rakhmetova Venera , Beisenbekova Adina , Kalimullina Madina , Aldabergenova Agzhan
Published: June 2024

Barrett's esophagus is a pathological condition that develops as a result of metaplastic transformation of the stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium of the mucous membrane of the distal esophagus into columnar epithelium of the intestinal type[13]. The objective of this review was to furnish information on new hypotheses and mechanisms concerning the development of Barrett's esophagus, with the aim of identifying trends in this area and advancing understanding of the disease's pathogenesis for the prevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

A literary analysis of recent articles was conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of Barrett's esophagus.

During the review of extensive literature, in addition to the classic theory of esophageal cell replacement, new mechanisms of cell transdifferentiation and transcommitment were identified.

Much remains unknown, particularly regarding the originating cell population and the molecular events or stages through which Barrett's esophagus progresses to esophageal adenocarcinoma. These are crucial questions for researchers, the answers to which will significantly impact disease prevention and treatment. Despite the currently limited experimental model systems available for studying Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, innovations in tissue engineering and organotypic cell culture systems based on human cells offer great prospects as platforms for future investigations into the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases.
Analisa Pengukuran Komunikasi Matematis pada Materi Pyhtagoras
Authors: AYYUB M.
Published: June 2024

Secara umum, pada suatu pelajaran matematika siswa untuk menyelesaikan problematika yang diberikan oleh guru atau bertujuan agar siswa dapat memahami dan menjawab soal yang diberikan. Akan tetapi, dalam langkah-langkahnya siswa seringkali tidak diberikan kesempatan untuk mengungkapkan pertanyaan maupun dimintai  penjelesan dari mana mereka mendapatkan jawaban, hal ini menyebabkan seringkali siswa tidak mampu untuk  berkomunikasi dalam matematika. Komunikasi matematika digunakan untuk penyelesaian persoalan, Komunikasi menjadi penting karena digunakan untuk berdiskusi dan meningkatkan pemahaman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskripsi kuantitatif , tujuan penelitia menyampaikan ilustrasi umum mengenai temuan-temuan dari analisis butir soal yang telah dilaksanakan. Dua puluh siswa digunakan untuk menguji perangkat ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian instrument soal terhadap komunikasi matematis, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa alat uji yang disiapkan bisa digunakan untuk menafsir pemahaman siswa terhadap rancangan matematika siswa tentang phytagoras. Hal ini terlihat dari validasi butir soal memiliki kriteria yang tinggi. Dari perhitungan reliabilitas dapat disimpulkan juga nilai reliabilitasnya adalah 0,705205 dengan kriteria reliabilitas tinggi.  Selain itu instrument tes ini, khususnya pada Tingkat kesulitan memiliki kriteria mudah, sedang dan sukar sedangkan  kekuatan daya pembeda memiliki kriteria yang baik sekali.
Pengembangan Modul Ajar Problem Based Learning pada Materi SPLTV
Authors: Pratiwi Ika Yulia
Published: June 2024

Modul ajar adalah perangkat penting untuk mendukung kurikulum merdeka di sekolah. Menurut beberapa penelitian, terdapat guru yang belum membuat modul ajar yang sesuai dengan ciri siswanya. Dengan demikian, diperlukan modul ajar problem based learning untuk materi SPLTV. Tujuan studi ini adalah menghasilkan modul ajar problem based learning yang valid, praktis, dan efektif pada materi SPLTV. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pengembangan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian adalah 27 siswa kelas X-1 MA Manbaul Ulum. Data penelitian diperoleh dari wawancara, lembar validasi, kuesioner guru dan siswa, serta hasil asesmen sumatif. Hasil wawancara digunakan untuk analisis awal. Rata-rata skor hasil validasi adalah 4,38 yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai sangat valid. Hasil analisis kuesioner guru dan siswa dinilai sangat praktis dengan rata-rata skor berturut-turut adalah 4,41 dan 4,47. Hasil asesmen sumatif seluruh kelas X-1 diperoleh nilai rata-rata 92,5 yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai sangat efektif. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa modul ajar dengan model problem based learning pada materi SPLTV yang dihasilkan layak digunakan sebagai alat pembelajaran .
Jami' Al-Anwar Mosque as a Medium to Strengthen the Influence of Islam in Teluk Betung Lampung in The 19th Century
Authors: Budianto Aan , Hariizan Muhammad Akhdan , Ammbiya Muhammad Vanji , Luvi Maylatul
Published: June 2024

There is the oldest mosque in Lampung located in the South Teluk Betung area, which houses several historical relics depicting the movement of change in Islam, namely Masjid Jami' al-Anwar. This mosque has stood since the Dutch colonial era and holds the uniqueness of how it has played a role in strengthening the development of Islam in Teluk Betung. Therefore, this research attempts to gather information related to the early development of Masjid Jami' al-Anwar in Teluk Betung, Lampung. The method used in this research is a historical method starting from data collection and exploration of sources from mosque archives, related journals, and several articles. Then, to further strengthen the existing data, the author conducted interviews involving direct sources who are descendants of the founders of Masjid Jami' al-Anwar. The results of the research show that Masjid Jami' al-Anwar is used as a place of teaching that has a significant influence on the growth of Islam in Teluk Betung to Tanjungkarang through mosque management networks.
Effect of molybdenum on growth and nitrogen metabolism of Brassica parachinensis L. and Brassica integrifolia L. under drought stress
Authors: Tran T T , Nguyen H P , Tran T T H , Le Thi Thuy Tien
Published: June 2024

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element that plays a critical role in various physiological processes of plants. Drought stress poses a significant threat to plant growth, making it imperative to study the effects of Mo in mitigating its impact on Brassica parachinensis L. and Brassica integrifolia L. This study aims to investigate the influence of molybdenum on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of Brassica species under drought-stress conditions. The study delves into the physiological and biochemical responses of these plants to Mo supplementation to comprehend the mechanisms by which Mo enhances drought tolerance and nitrogen assimilation. The results revealed that Mo supplementation (150 g ha-1) significantly improves the growth and nitrogen metabolism of Brassica species under drought-stress conditions. In particular, the application of Mo under drought stress leads to a notable increase in yield, as indicated by the improvement in productivity from 3.41 to 4.25 (kg m-2) and 3.89 to 4.97 (kg m-2) in Brassica parachinensis and Brassica integrifolia, respectively. Furthermore, Mo supplementation enhances chlorophyll levels, thereby promoting efficient photosynthesis. Additionally, it positively affects the accumulation of soluble sugars, starch, and proteins, indicating improved nutrient assimilation and utilization in the plants. These findings suggest that Mo supplementation plays a crucial role in enhancing drought tolerance and nitrogen assimilation in Brassica species. The study highlights the potential of Mo as a valuable tool for improving crop productivity and resilience under drought-stress conditions
Laure Cinti-Damoreau's Méthode de Chant - Exploring a Historic Voice Treatise
Authors:   Royal Academy of Music, London and Leeds Conservatoire, United Kingdom. Email: a.festeu@ram.ac.uk., Festeu Adriana
Published: June 2024

The aim of the article is to establish potential uses for historical voice treatises, which are currently overlooked. The analysis of Laure Cinti-Damoreau’s voice method (1853) reveals a complex system of voice exercises, which aims to train every aspect of operatic singing: from developing breath management, to mastering seamless legato as well as complex coloratura phrases. The exercises are accompanied by simple chord progressions – which singers were often presumed to be able to play themselves. While this treatise does not contain any written explanations its value lies in the intricacy of the exercises themselves. The conclusion proposes that the exploration of such exercises in the modern voice studio would complement the technical work of voice teachers. Keywords: opera, voice teacher, voice-treatise, vocal technique
The Concept of Nafs in Islamic Psychology and its Relevance to Student Development
Authors: Erwahyudin Devid Dwi , Muzakki Muhammad , Latief Ardiansyah Mustofa
Published: June 2024

The concept of nafs in Islamic psychology is important to guide students' development by combining spiritual and moral values in contemporary education. This study aims to analyze the concept of nafs in Islamic psychology and its relevance to student development. This research method is qualitative with a literature study approach. The result of this research is that the conscept of nafs in Islam is very important in education and self-development. A deeper understanding of this concept opens up opportunities to understand the role of nafs in the Qur'an and its application in Islamic guidance and counseling. This concept influences the formation of character, morale, and identity of students, and helps to overcome developmental challenges. Incorporating the values of the concept of nafs in learning also helps develop 21st century skills such as creativity, communication, and critical thinking. In character education, the concept of tazkiyatun nafs combines noble values, humanity, and religion, helping students become good in morals. The positive influence of the concept of nafs is also related to the understanding of the influence of the social and cultural environment on students' religious awareness and spirituality.
Far Right and Islamist Populism
Authors: de Groot Heupner Susan
Published: June 2024

'Far Right and Islamist Populism: How They Disrupt the Hegemonic Order' undertakes the challenging task of bringing dialectical logic together with the empirical study of discursive and ideological antagonisms. Examining the European far right, as represented by Geert Wilders and his Party for Freedom in the Netherlands, and Hizb ut-Tahrir as the Islamic interlocutor, the book demonstrates the inner logic by which two opposing political ideologies create a single populist front. In their shared practice of opposing and disrupting the hegemonic order, they draw on each other to encapsulate the contradictory desires and discontents of people in a mutually constituted Muslim Other. These cleavages and dissonances are reconciled in a bipolar identification of the ‘people’ versus the ‘ummah’ to establish a new hegemonic formation. The book demonstrates the reality and seriousness of this symbiotic relationship for pluralist democracies and harmonious coexistence. It explores how different, alternative formulations of populism drawing on the works of Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe, Slavoj Žižek, among others, can function as a counter-movement to the influence of far right and Islamist populist politics.