bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio descriptivo del rendimiento académico en los tres periodos de docencia universitaria durante el COVID-19
Authors: Aparicio-Chueca Pilar , Bernardo Mercè , Domínguez-Amorós Marius , Elasri-Ejjaberi Amal , Maestro-Yarza Irene , Triadó-Ivern Xavier
Published: September 2022

Introducción: La situación de emergencia declarada en marzo de 2020 provocó un cambio inmediato en la metodología de la docencia presencial que se extendió a la forma de realizar las valoraciones. Se sustituyó el sistema presencial por el on-line, incluyendo tanto la docencia como la evaluación (continua y única).
Método: El objetivo de este artículo es doble. Primero, estudiar las innovaciones metodológicas tanto reactivas como proactivas por parte del área académica y, segundo, analizar los efectos en el rendimiento académico universitario. Para ello, se analiza y se estudian los cambios metodológicos introducidos en las asignaturas (obligatorias y de formación básica) del grado de ADE de la Universidad de Barcelona, como ejemplo de un grado en Ciencias Sociales, y el rendimiento académico en cada una de ellas.
Resultados y Discusión: El primer resultado es la distinción de tres períodos de docencia: docencia de emergencia en remoto, docencia on-line y modelo híbrido. El segundo resultado, el estudio del rendimiento de las asignaturas y del análisis de las adendas de los planes docentes, permite concluir que se han incorporado herramientas virtuales docentes, pero sin alterar significativamente en cambios metodológicos. Un reto que todavía está por implementar para provocar cambios en todo el proceso.
Optical three-dimensional shape measurement based on structured light and a binocular vision system
Authors: Yang DongSheng , Gao TianHan , Lu Feng
Published: September 2022

Three-dimensional shape measurement based on structured light is affected by two factors: the number of fringe patterns and the phase unwrapping process. Although one-shot technology can get the wrapped phase, it is not suitable for measuring complex surface. Moreover, phase unwrapping also affects measurement speed and accuracy. To overcome these problems, a two-dimensional wavelet transform with binocular vision system is proposed. Wavelet transform is used to get the wrapped phase based on the Morlet wavelet. In order to get a three-dimensional shape without phase unwrapping, a binocular vision system is used. The increase matching accuracy, the preliminary disparity, and the sub-pixel optimization are calculated, respectively. Based on the calibration parameters, three-dimensional information can be obtained directly from the wrapped phase. In addition, the average phase is calculated based on ambient pixels to confirm wrapped phase boundary. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method. Compared with traditional methods, both measurement accuracy and measurement speed can be increased.
Absolute distance measurement using sinusoidal phase modulating frequency sweeping interferometry with a reference interferometer
Authors: Zhang Shihua , Shan Dandna , Jin Hao , Lou Yingtian , Yan Liping , Chen Benyong
Published: September 2022

Frequency sweeping interferometry with reference interferometer based on sinusoidal phase modulating technique is proposed in this paper for absolute distance measurement. With the frequency of the external cavity diode laser (ECDL) swept continuously in sinusoidal, a HeNe laser was employed to monitor the drifts of the target and the reference length, and influences caused by drifts during the measurement were compensated in real time. Sinusoidal phase modulation with non-overlapping frequencies were applied to the two laser lights individually by two electro-optic modulators (EOM), and the interference phases corresponding to the two laser lights were extracted simultaneously using the phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation based on frequency-division multiplex technique. Performance of the phase detection method has been verified by nanometer displacement measurements. Experimental results show that the measurement uncertainty can be considerably reduced by compensating the influences of drifts and by applying linear regression to get the ratio of interference phase changes between the measurement interferometer and the reference interferometer. Comparison of the absolute distance measurement with an incremental interferometer yields a measurement uncertainty of 10−5, which is in good agreement with the estimation of the measurement uncertainty.
Scintillation index for the optical wave in the vertical oceanic link with anisotropic tilt angle
Authors: Lin Zhiru , Xu Guanjun , Wang Weizhi , Zhang Qinyu , Song Zhaohui
Published: September 2022

The influence of the ocean depth and anisotropic tilt angle on vertical underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems is considered in this study. We propose a power spectrum model of oceanic turbulence with an anisotropic tilt angle for the first time. Thereafter, the expression of the scintillation index is derived for a spherical wave propagating over anisotropic oceanic turbulence in the vertical link. In addition, considering the temperature and salinity, relevant data of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans at different depths are selected to study further the effect of ocean depth on the scintillation index. The results indicate that the scintillation index strongly depends on the ocean depth and anisotropic tilt angle. Moreover, the scintillation index is also related to other parameters, such as temperature and salinity, kinematic viscosity, the anisotropic factor, optical wavelength, and propagation distance. The presented results can be beneficial in designing optical wireless communication systems in the ocean environment.
Highly sensitive sensing of a magnetic field and temperature based on two open ring channels SPR-PCF
Authors: Wang Dongying , Zhu Wanlai , Yi Zao , Ma Guolu , Gao Xiang , Dai Bo , Yu Yang , Zhou Guorui , Wu Pinghui , Liu Chao
Published: September 2022

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor comprising photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed for magnetic field and temperature dual-parameter sensing. In order to make the SPR detection of magnetic field and temperature effectively, the two open ring channels of the proposed sensor are coated with gold and silver layers and filled with magnetic fluid (MF) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), respectively. The sensor is analyzed by the finite element method and its mode characteristics, structure parameters and sensing performance are investigated. The analysis reveals when the magnetic field is a range of 40-310 Oe and the temperature is a range of 0-60 °C, the maximum magnetic field sensitivity is 308.3 pm/Oe and temperature sensitivity is 6520 pm/°C. Furthermore, temperature and magnetic field do not crosstalk with each other's SPR peak. Its refractive index sensing performance is also investigated, the maximum sensitivity and FOM of the left channel sensing are 16820 nm/RIU and 1605 RIU-1, that of the right channel sensing are 13320 nm/RIU and 2277 RIU-1. Because of its high sensitivity and special sensing performance, the proposed sensor will have potential application in solving the problems of cross-sensitivity and demodulation due to nonlinear changes in sensitivity of dual-parameter sensing.
Spatially modulated femtosecond laser direct ablation-based preparation of ultra-flexible multifunctional copper mesh electrodes and its application
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Shangguan Shiyong , Wang Xiaomeng , Deng Haotian , Qi Dongfeng , Chen Songyan , Zheng Hongyu
Published: September 2022

Multifunctional electrodes possess superior properties such as high photoelectric properties and high stability. Laser manufacturing process is one of the widely used method for electrode fabrication. However, the current multifunctional electrode laser manufacturing process suffers from low fabrication speed. Here, we report a high-efficiency laser digital patterning process to fabricate copper-based flexible transparent conducting electrodes. By using a spatially modulated, one single laser spot is modulated into an array of spots with equal intensity, and the fabrication speed can be improved by more than 20 times over the traditional single pulse processing. In addition, copper mesh electrodes with a high photoelectric property have been fabricated. A transparent touch screen panel and multifunctional windows are fabricated with transparent electrodes to demonstrate their use in vehicle defogging, portable heating, and wearable devices.
Defect corrections for coherent optical information processing of grayscale images in a DMD-based 4f-system using a collimated light source
Authors: Gene Jinhwa , Sohn Jong Moo , Shin Hyung Cheol , Park Suntak
Published: September 2022

Digital micromirror device (DMD)-based 4f-systems, a type of coherent optical information processing system, have become a powerful tool for optical convolutional neural networks taking advantage of their fast modulation speed and high-resolution capability. However, proper high bit-depth image information processing remains challenging due to the optical diffractions that arise from the binary nature of DMD operation. In this paper, we first characterize the diffraction phenomena that cause irradiance defects, namely the nonlinear grayscale and unintended dark lines. Then to resolve the issues, we propose a DMD operation method and a modified structure of the 4f-system based on blazed diffraction grating theory and numerical calculation of the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld propagation model. As a demonstration, we implement high bit-depth image information processing with an optimized optical 4f-system using DMDs and a collimated coherent light source.
Key frames assisted hybrid encoding for high-quality compressive video sensing
Authors: Huang Honghao , Teng Jiajie , Liang Yu , Hu Chengyang , Chen Minghua , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei
Published: September 2022

Snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) encodes high-speed scene video into a snapshot measurement and then computationally makes reconstructions, allowing for efficient high-dimensional data acquisition. Numerous algorithms, ranging from regularization-based optimization and deep learning, are being investigated to improve reconstruction quality, but they are still limited by the ill-posed and information-deficient nature of the standard SCI paradigm. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a new key frames assisted hybrid encoding paradigm for compressive video sensing, termed KH-CVS, that alternatively captures short-exposure key frames without coding and long-exposure encoded compressive frames to jointly reconstruct high-quality video. With the use of optical flow and spatial warping, a deep convolutional neural network framework is constructed to integrate the benefits of these two types of frames. Extensive experiments on both simulations and real data from the prototype we developed verify the superiority of the proposed method.
Revealing kinetics of a diode-pumped metastable Ar laser in pulsed and CW lasing
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Qingshan , Yang Zining , Wang Hongyan , Xu Xiaojun
Published: September 2022

We have experimentally investigated the kinetics of a diode-pumped metastable Ar laser by simultaneously monitoring the population evolution of 1s5 and 1s4 states during lasing. A comparison between the two cases with the pump laser on and off revealed the cause for the transition from pulsed to CW lasing. The depletion of 1s5 atoms was responsible for the pulsed lasing phenomenon, while increasing the duration and density of 1s5 atoms resulted in CW lasing. Furthermore, population accumulation of the 1s4 state was observed.
Imaginary coupling induced Dirac points and group velocity control in the non-reciprocal Hermitian lattice
Authors: Wang Yuandan , Yang Junhao , Dang Yu , Wang Haohao , Xin Guoguo , Qi Xinyuan
Published: September 2022

We propose a mechanism to achieve the group velocity control of bifurcation light via an imaginary coupling effect in the non-reciprocal lattice. The physical model is composed of two-layer photonic lattices with non-reciprocal coupling in each unit cell, which can support a real energy spectrum with a pair of Dirac points due to the hermicity. Furthermore, we show that the systems experience topological phase transition at the Dirac points, allowing the existence of topological edge states on the left or right boundaries of respective lattice layers. By adjusting the imaginary coupling and the wave number, the group velocity of the light wave can be manipulated, and bifurcation light transmission can be achieved both at the Dirac points and the condition without the group velocity dispersion. Our work might guide the design of photonic directional couplers with group velocity control functions.
Safety of integrated preventive chemotherapy for neglected tropical diseases
Authors: Ciciriello Allan M. , Fairley Jessica K. , Cooke Emma , Emerson Paul M. , Hooper Pamela J. , Bolton Birgit , LaCon Genevieve , Addiss David G.
Published: September 2022

Background

Preventive chemotherapy (PC) is a central strategy for control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Increased emphasis has been given to “integration” of NTD programs within health systems and coadministration of NTD drugs offers significant programmatic benefits. Guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) reflects current evidence for safe drug coadministration and highlights measures to prevent choking of young children during PC.

Methodology

To understand how coadministration of NTD drugs might affect PC safety, we reviewed literature on choking risk in young children and safety of coadministered NTD drugs. To understand current practices of drug coadministration, we surveyed 15 NTD program managers and implementing partners.

Principal findings

In high-income countries, choking on medication is an infrequent cause of death in young children. In low-resource settings, data are limited, but age-appropriate drug formulations are less available. During PC, fatal choking, although infrequent, occurs primarily in young children; forcing them to swallow tablets appears to be the major risk factor. The WHO currently recommends 6 drugs and 5 possible drug combinations for use in PC. Of 105 nations endemic for the 5 PC-NTDs, 72 (68.6%) are co-endemic for 2 or more diseases and could benefit from drug coadministration during PC. All 15 survey respondents reported coadministering medications during PC. Reported responses to a child refusing to take medicine included: not forcing the child to do so (60.0%), encouraging the child (46.7%), bringing the child back later (26.7%), offering powder for oral suspension (POS) for azithromycin (13.3%), and having parents or community members intervene to calm the child (6.7%).

Conclusions

Coadministration of NTD drugs during PC appears to be increasingly common. Safety of coadministered PC drugs requires attention to choking prevention, use of approved drug combinations, and increased access to age-appropriate drug formulations.
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzyme in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Mohammed Aso Bakr , Anwar Khanda Abdullateef
Published: September 2022

Background

Klebsiella species are ubiquitous in nature and can be found in the natural environment and on mucosal surfaces of mammals and it is an important multidrug-resistant pathogen affecting humans and is a major source for hospital acquired infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of ESBL enzyme among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by phenotypic methods from different hospital wards and detection of ESBL resistance genes such as TEM and SHV in Sulaimani city/ Kurdistan–Iraq.

Methods

Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were collected from different clinical samples from different hospitals, the isolates were identified by standard technique. Screening of ESBLs was undertaken by using double disk diffusion and standard disk diffusion methods. Real-time PCR was used for genotypic detection of TEM and SHV genes according to the standard protocol.

Result

Out of 54 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates; 28 were ESBL positive, The pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the most resistant antibiotic are AMP (100%), AMC (100%) followed by CAZ (83.33%), CTX (75.9%), CPM (74%), ATM (70.37%). Both TEM and SHV genes were detected among 28 (51.85%) ESBL positive by using Real-time PCR method.

Conclusion

SHV gene was detected in most of the isolates of ESBL producers of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Dissolved greenhouse gases and benthic microbial communities in coastal wetlands of the Chilean coast semiarid region
Authors: Pozo-Solar Francisco , Cornejo-D´Ottone Marcela , Orellana Roberto , Yepsen Daniela V. , Bassi Nickolas , Salcedo-Castro Julio , Aguilar-Muñoz Polette , Molina Verónica
Published: September 2022

Coastal wetlands are ecosystems associated with intense carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) recycling, modulated by salinity and other environmental factors that influence the microbial community involved in greenhouse gases production and consumption. In this study, we evaluated the influence of environmental factors on GHG concentration and benthic microbial community composition in coastal wetlands along the coast of the semiarid region. Wetlands were situated in landscapes along a south-north gradient of higher aridity and lower anthropogenic impact. Our results indicate that wetlands have a latitudinal variability associated with higher organic matter content at the north, especially in summer, and higher nutrient concentration at the south, predominantly in winter. During our sampling, wetlands were characterized by positive CO2 μM and CH4 nM excess, and a shift of N2O nM excess from negative to positive values from the north to the south. Benthic microbial communities were taxonomically diverse with > 60 phyla, especially in low frequency taxa. Highly abundant bacterial phyla were classified into Gammaproteobacteria (Betaproteobacteria order), Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria, including key functional groups such as nitrifying and methanotrophic bacteria. Generalized additive model (GAM) indicated that conductivity accounted for the larger variability of CH4 and CO2, but the predictions of CH4 and CO2 concentration were improved when latitude and pH concentration were included. Nitrate and latitude were the best predictors to account for the changes in the dissolved N2O distribution. Structural equation modeling (SEM), illustrated how the environment significantly influences functional microbial groups (nitrifiers and methane oxidizers) and their resulting effect on GHG distribution. Our results highlight the combined role of salinity and substrates of key functional microbial groups with metabolisms associated with both carbon and nitrogen, influencing dissolved GHG and their potential exchange in natural and anthropogenically impacted coastal wetlands.
Social learning dynamics influence performance and career self-efficacy in career-oriented educational virtual environments
Authors: Pitcher Bradley D. , Ravid Daniel M. , Mancarella Peter J. , Behrend Tara S.
Published: September 2022

Educational virtual environments (EVEs) are defined by their features of immersion (degree of sensory engagement) and fidelity (degree of realism). Increasingly, EVEs are being used for career development and training purposes, which we refer to as career-oriented EVEs. However, little research has examined the effects of immersion and fidelity on career-related outcomes, like self-efficacy and interests, and the learning dynamics that may influence these outcomes. We address these research needs across two studies using an inductive approach. Study 1 compares welding career exploration in EVEs to traditional career exploration and finds that individuals using EVEs report more positive career self-efficacy. Study 2 examines the influence of social learning dynamics, or how individuals learn from each other through behavioral modeling, on performance and career-related self-efficacy and interest. Groups were assigned to use either a high or low immersion and fidelity EVE. Findings indicate strong social learning dynamics in both EVEs, but the effects were stronger for groups using the higher immersion and fidelity EVE. Specifically, groups converged on two performance measures, and the performance of individuals who were situated as behavioral models significantly predicted the performance of other group members. Performance at the individual level, in turn, predicted career self-efficacy and interest for men but not women, and only for those using the higher immersion and fidelity EVE. Based on these findings, we conclude with practical recommendations for and implications of implementing career-oriented EVEs for career exploration and skills training.
Differences in clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of submacular hemorrhage caused by age-related macular degeneration and retinal macroaneurysms: A multicenter survey from the Japan Clinical Retina Study (J-CREST) group
Authors: Kimura Takeshi , Araki Takashi , Yasukawa Tsutomu , Kato Aki , Kuwayama Soichiro , Kinoshita Takamasa , Okamoto Fumiki , Murakami Tomoya , Mitamura Yoshinori , Sakamoto Taiji , Terasaki Hiroto , Kusuhara Sentaro , Miki Akiko , Takamura Yoshihiro , Kondo Mineo , Matsubara Hisashi , Ueda Tetsuo , Tsujinaka Hiroki , Gomi Fumi
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment trends, and visual prognosis of submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM).

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 187 Japanese patients with SMH at 10 institutions from 2015 to 2018. Medical records including SMH etiology, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photographs, optical coherence tomography images, and selected treatments were analyzed.

Results

Major causes of SMH were typical nAMD (tnAMD) (18%), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (50%) and RAM (29%). Age, male/female ratio, baseline BCVA, central retinal thickness, and involved retinal layers were significantly different between etiologies (all P<0.0001). Treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs with and without intravitreal gas injection was chosen for half of eyes in the tnAMD and PCV groups, whereas vitrectomy was performed in 83.7% of eyes with RAM. The final BCVA improved significantly from baseline in the PCV and RAM groups (P = 0.0009, P<0.0001) and final BCVA was significantly better in the PCV group at a level similar to the other groups (P = 0.0007, P = 0.0008). BCVA improvement from baseline was significantly greater in the RAM group compared with the tnAMD (P = 0.0152) and PCV (P = 0.017) groups. Multivariate analysis revealed better final BCVA was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.0054), better baseline BCVA (P = 0.0021), RAM subtype (P = 0.0446), and no tnAMD (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

The characteristics of, and treatment strategy for, SMH were different between the underlying diseases. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment with or without expansile gas was mainly chosen for SMH in tnAMD and PCV, whereas vitrectomy with gas was the most common treatment for RAM, and the higher rate for vitrectomy might result in the greater BCVA improvement in the RAM group than in the other groups. Final BCVA was better in PCV, RAM, and tnAMD, in that order, because patients with PCV were younger and had better baseline BCVA.
Sex differences in the impact of resistance exercise load on muscle damage: A protocol for a randomised parallel group trial
Authors: Pearson Alice G. , Macnaughton Lindsay S. , Hind Karen
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Resistance training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy and strength gains, but is also associated with acute muscle damage, characterised by muscle soreness, impaired muscle function, and structural damage to muscle cell membranes and its components. These consequences can be detrimental to future exercise performance and dampen long-term training adaptations. Previous research has considered resistance exercise intensity as a factor in exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), though a clear direction of the findings has not yet been established. Further, female populations are heavily underrepresented in this field of study. Therefore, we here propose a study protocol designed to examine sex differences in the muscle damage response to resistance exercise performed with low or high loads in a population of untrained, young adults.

Methods

This study will employ a randomised parallel group design. Twenty-four males and 24 females will perform an acute leg-based resistance exercise session at either 30% (low-load) or 80% (high-load) of their pre-determined one-repetition maximum (1RM). Maximal leg strength will be determined by a 1RM test 3 wk before and 72 and 168 h after the exercise bout. Additionally, muscle damage will be assessed immediately before the exercise bout and immediately, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after the exercise bout through measures of muscle soreness, limb circumference, range of motion, and serum concentrations of creatine kinase and interleukin-6. The outcomes of this trial could inform sex-specific resistance training recommendations and help bridge the sex data gap in sport and exercise science research.
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 symptom phenotypes and therapeutic strategies: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Frontera Jennifer A. , Thorpe Lorna E. , Simon Naomi M. , de Havenon Adam , Yaghi Shadi , Sabadia Sakinah B. , Yang Dixon , Lewis Ariane , Melmed Kara , Balcer Laura J. , Wisniewski Thomas , Galetta Steven L.
Published: September 2022

Background

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) includes a heterogeneous group of patients with variable symptomatology, who may respond to different therapeutic interventions. Identifying phenotypes of PASC and therapeutic strategies for different subgroups would be a major step forward in management.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 12-month symptoms and quantitative outcome metrics were collected. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to identify patients with: (1) similar symptoms lasting ≥4 weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (2) similar therapeutic interventions. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of these symptom and therapy clusters with quantitative 12-month outcome metrics (modified Rankin Scale, Barthel Index, NIH NeuroQoL).

Results

Among 242 patients, 122 (50%) reported ≥1 PASC symptom (median 3, IQR 1–5) lasting a median of 12-months (range 1–15) post-COVID diagnosis. Cluster analysis generated three symptom groups: Cluster1 had few symptoms (most commonly headache); Cluster2 had many symptoms including high levels of anxiety and depression; and Cluster3 primarily included shortness of breath, headache and cognitive symptoms. Cluster1 received few therapeutic interventions (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–5.9), Cluster2 received several interventions, including antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications and psychological therapy (OR 15.7, 95% CI 4.1–59.7) and Cluster3 primarily received physical and occupational therapy (OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.3–7.1). The most severely affected patients (Symptom Cluster 2) had higher rates of disability (worse modified Rankin scores), worse NeuroQoL measures of anxiety, depression, fatigue and sleep disorder, and a higher number of stressors (all P<0.05). 100% of those who received a treatment strategy that included psychiatric therapies reported symptom improvement, compared to 97% who received primarily physical/occupational therapy, and 83% who received few interventions (P = 0.042).

Conclusions

We identified three clinically relevant PASC symptom-based phenotypes, which received different therapeutic interventions with varying response rates. These data may be helpful in tailoring individual treatment programs.
Etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma
Authors: Khan Tahir Ullah , Rahat Saima , Khan Zafar Ali , Shahid Laima , Banouri Syeda Sabahat , Muhammad Nawshad
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Maxillofacial trauma can be limited to superficial lacerations, abrasions, and facial bone fractures. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology, pattern, and predictors of soft tissue and bony injuries.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted in the department of maxillofacial surgery Lady Reading hospital Pakistan from Jan 2019 to June 2021. The nonprobability consecutive sampling technique was used for the selection of patients. All patients were assessed clinically and radiologically. The neurosensory examination was done for any altered sensation, anesthesia, or paresthesia. Motor nerve function was also assessed clinically. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma were stratified among age and genders using the chi-square test to see effect modifiers. Tests for regression analysis were also applied. P≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results

A total of 253 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in this study. The majority of these patients were males, 223 (88.1%), while only 30 (11.9%) were females. The mean age for the group was 25.4 ± 12.6 years. RTAs were the most common causes of trauma (63.6%) followed by assault (15.0%), falls (11.5%), FAIs (5.9%), and sports (0.4%). The most vulnerable skeletal part was the mandible (22.9%) followed by Zygoma (7.1%), significantly predicted by RTAs. Soft tissue laceration analysis showed a high frequency of multiple lacerations (38%) significantly predicted by FAIs. The frequency of trigeminal nerve injury was 5.5% (14 patients) and that of the facial nerve was 1.6% (4 patients). The strongest association of nerve injury was with firearm injury (47%), followed by road traffic accidents and sports injuries.

Conclusion

Road traffic accident was the most common etiological factor and mandible fracture was commonly predicted by RTA. Trigeminal nerve injuries were common, frequency of nerve injuries was highly associated with mandible fracture and was predicted by FAI.
Quality control procedure for Coccidial vaccines versus different routes of immunization
Authors: Elnaggar Arwa , Mahmoud Hala , Saber Sahar
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: Coccidiosis is an enteric infection caused by a protozoon (Eimeria tenella). Coccidiosis is known to have a negative impact on the economy. Coccidiosis is controlled using anticoccidial drugs, antibiotics, and vaccines. Various coccidial vaccines differ in application technique, attenuation method, and the species used. Coccidial vaccines can be spray or gel-based (Form). This study aimed to compare the effect of application and approaches between spray and gel vaccines for coccidiosis.

Materials and Methods: Specific pathogen-free chicks were vaccinated with different vaccines. Fecal samples were taken on 21 days post-vaccination for vaccine take, and then a challenge test was done on day 21.

Results: Post-vaccination oocyst counts in gel vaccinated groups were more than the spray vaccinated ones as it recorded (1400 and 2200) oocyst/g, but the gel vaccines resulted in lower post vaccinal titer which was (10000 and 12500) oocyst/g. Results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction test post-vaccination were (23.72, 20.29) cycle threshold (CT) for spray vaccines and (18.75, 17.62) CT for gel vaccinated group. By challenging all the experimental groups, the microscopic and macroscopic lesion of gel vaccines resulted in score 1, while spray vaccines groups recorded score 2 and the control non-vaccinated challenged chickens showed score 4. The non-vaccinated/non-challenged group recorded a score of zero.

Conclusion: These results can help poultry producers to decide which delivery system will provide the best results for their production system. The gel vaccines showed a better protection rate and lower shedding, which means more protection of birds and public health.
Safety and Feasibility of Augmented Reality Assistance in Minimally Invasive and Open Resection of Benign Intradural Extramedullary Tumors
Authors: Sommer Fabian , Hussain Ibrahim , Kirnaz Sertac , Goldberg Jacob , McGrath Lynn , Navarro-Ramirez Rodrigo , Waterkeyn Francois , Schmidt Franziska , Gadjradj Pravesh Shankar , Härtl Roger
Published: September 2022

Objective: Surgical resection of benign intradural extramedullary tumors (BIETs) is effective for appropriately selected patients. Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques have been described for successful resection of BIET while minimizing soft tissue injury. Augmented reality (AR) is a promising new technology that can accurately allow for intraoperative localization from skin through the intradural compartment. We present a case series evaluating the timing, steps, and accuracy at which this technology is able to enhance BIET resection.Methods: A protocol for MIS and open AR-guided BIET resection was developed and applied to determine the feasibility. The tumor is marked on diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using AR software. Intraoperatively, the planning MRI is fused with the intraoperative computed tomography. The position and size of the tumor is projected into the surgical microscope and directly into the surgeon's field of view. Intraoperative orientation is performed exclusively via navigation and AR projection. Demographic and perioperative factors were collected.Results: Eight patients were enrolled. The average operative time for MIS cases was 128 ± 8 minutes and for open cases 206 ± 55 minutes. The estimated intraoperative blood loss was 97 ± 77 mL in MIS and 240 ± 206 mL in open procedures. AR tumor location and margins were considered sufficiently precise by the surgeon in every case. Neither correction of the approach trajectory nor ultrasound assistance to localize the tumor were necessary in any case. No intraoperative complications were observed.Conclusion: Current findings suggest that AR may be a feasible technique for tumor localization in the MIS and open resection of benign spinal extramedullary tumors.
Multimodal Repair of Spinal Cord Injury With Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Ma Yuan-huan , Liang Qing-yue , Ding Ying , Han Inbo , Zeng Xiang
Published: September 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a result of a devastating injury to the central nervous system. Currently, there is no effective treatment available for these patients. The possible use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based treatment for SCI has been the focus of extensive investigations and is increasingly moving from the bench to bedside. Both experimental observations and clinical studies have shown the safety and efficacy of MSCs in managing SCI. However, the exact mechanism by which MSCs contribute to the repair of the injured spinal cord remains to be elucidated. In this review, we aim to summarize current research findings about the role of MSCs in improving complex pathology after SCI. MSCs exert a multimodal repair mechanism targeting multiple events in the secondary injury cascade. Our recent results showing the perineurium-like differentiation of surviving MSCs in the injured spinal cord may further the understanding of the fate of transplanted MSCs. These findings provide fundamental support for the clinical use of MSCs in SCI patients. Under experimental conditions, combining novel physical, chemical, and biological approaches led to significant improvements in the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. These findings hold promise for the future of cell-based clinical treatment of SCI.
Extra Cellular Matrix Remodeling: An Adjunctive Target for Spinal Cord Injury and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Kumar Neeraj , Pathak Zarna , Kumar Hemant
Published: September 2022

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a protein-and-carbohydrate meshwork that supports a variety of biological structures and processes, from tissue development and elasticity to the preservation of organ structures. ECM composition is different in each organ. It is a remarkably dynamic 3-dimensional structure that's constantly changing to maintain tissue homeostasis. This review aims to describe the involvement of ECM components in the remodeling process of spinal cord injury (SCI) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Here, we have also described the current ECM-based therapeutic targets, which can be explored for ECM remodeling SCI is a neurological condition with intense influences resulting from a trauma inflicted on the spinal cord. SCI leads to damage to the intact ECM that leads to regeneration failure. IVDD mainly occurs due to aging and trauma. Various ECM components enable fragmentation of the disc and are thereby involved in disc degeneration. ECM manipulation can be used as an adjunct treatment in SCI and IVDD. Current treatment approaches for SCI and IVDD are conservative and unsatisfactory. Targeting ECM remodeling as an adjunct therapy may result in better disease outcomes.
Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Hypothermia in Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Shin Hong Kyung , Park Jin Hoon , Roh Sung Woo , Jeon Sang Ryong
Published: September 2022

Objective: Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in debilitating motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. As a treatment option, therapeutic hypothermia has been researched to inadequate pharmaceutical treatment, except for methylprednisolone. In this article, we systematically meta-analyzed to clarify the effect of hypothermia in acute SCI on neurological outcomes.Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane clinical trial databases were systematically searched until June 30, 2022. The proportion of cases with improved neurological status after hypothermia in acute SCI were pooled with a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses for the method of hypothermia and injury level were conducted.Results: Eight studies with a total of 103 patients were included. Hypothermia in acute SCI improved neurological function by 55.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.4%–72.1%). The subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled proportion of cases showing neurological improvement was higher with systemic hypothermia (70.9%) (95% CI, 14.9%–100%) than with local hypothermia (52.5%) (95% CI, 40.4%–64.5%), although the subgroup difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.53). Another subgroup analysis revealed that the proportion of cases with neurological improvement did not differ statistically between the cervical spine (61.4%) (95% CI, 42.2%–80.6%) and thoracic spine injury groups (59.4%) (95% CI, 34.8%–84.0%) (p = 0.90).Conclusion: This meta-analysis identified that more than 50% of patients showed neurological improvement after hypothermia following acute SCI in general. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study with larger sample size is necessary to validate the findings further.
Safety and Efficacy of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Multilevel Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion in a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Choi Ho Yong , Hyun Seung-Jae , Lee Chang Hyun , Youn Ji Hyun , Ryu Mi Young , Kim Ki-Jeong
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study is an investigator-initiated, prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combined use of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and a hydroxyapatite (HA) carrier in multilevel fusion in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD).Methods: Thirty patients underwent posterolateral fusion for lumbar spinal deformities at 3 to 5 segments between L1 and S1. The patients received rhBMP-2+HA or HA on the left or right side of the transverse processes. They were followed up regularly at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Fusion was defined according to the bone bridging on computed tomography scans. The fusion rate per segment was subanalyzed. Function and quality of life as well as pain in the lower back and lower extremities were evaluated.Results: The union rate for the rhBMP-2+HA group was 100% at 6 and 12 months. The union rate for the HA group was 77.8% (21 of 27) at 6 months and 88.0% (22 of 25) at 12 months (p = 0.014 at 6 months; not significant at 12 months). All segments were fused at 6 and 12 months in the rhBMP-2+HA group (p < 0.001). In the HA group, 108 of 115 segments (93.5%) were fused at 6 months and 105 of 109 segments (96.3%) at 12 months. Other clinical parameters (visual analogue scale, 36-item Short Form Health Survey, and Scoliosis Research Society-22 scores) improved compared to baseline.Conclusion: Combining rhBMP-2 and an HA carrier is a safe and effective method to achieve multilevel fusion in patients with ASD.
A Review of Functional Restoration From Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Lin Alice , Shaaya Elias , Calvert Jonathan S. , Parker Samuel R. , Borton David A. , Fridley Jared S.
Published: September 2022

Traumatic spinal cord injury often leads to loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function below the level of injury. Recent advancements in spinal cord electrical stimulation (SCS) for spinal cord injury have provided potential avenues for restoration of neurologic function in affected patients. This review aims to assess the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation, both epidural (eSCS) and transcutaneous (tSCS), on the return of function in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. The current literature on human clinical eSCS and tSCS for spinal cord injury was reviewed. Seventy-one relevant studies were included for review, specifically examining changes in volitional movement, changes in muscle activity or spasticity, or return of cardiovascular pulmonary, or genitourinary autonomic function. The total participant sample comprised of 327 patients with spinal cord injury, each evaluated using different stimulation protocols, some for sensorimotor function and others for various autonomic functions. One hundred eight of 127 patients saw improvement in sensorimotor function, 51 of 70 patients saw improvement in autonomic genitourinary function, 32 of 32 patients saw improvement in autonomic pulmonary function, and 32 of 36 patients saw improvement in autonomic cardiovascular function. Although this review highlights SCS as a promising therapeutic neuromodulatory technique to improve rehabilitation in patients with SCI, further mechanistic studies and stimulus parameter optimization are necessary before clinical translation.
La (in)movilidad a debate
Authors: Cabezón-Fernández María-Jesús , Oso Laura
Published: September 2022

En las últimas décadas, el campo de los estudios migratorios, tanto en España como a nivel internacional, había constatado el poder de la movilidad como agente de estratificación social en el contexto global. Sin embargo, la situación de pandemia provocada por la COVID-19, apunta al rol que está cobrando la (in)movilidad como agente de desigualdad en las sociedades de la “nueva normalidad”. En este trabajo, llevamos a cabo una revisión de diez años de producción científica española (2009-2021), con el objetivo de analizar el tratamiento de la literatura sobre los cambios que se han producido en los fenómenos migratorios en un decenio marcado por las crisis económicas y sociales, que ahora se acrecientan debido a la tercera crisis provocada por la pandemia. Todo ello, desde la óptica de la estratificación social producida por la movilidad e (in)movilidad.
Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen Pengguna Jasa Ekspedisi Dalam Hal Terjadinya Wanprestasi Oleh Jasa Ekspedisi
Authors: Kusuma Karina Widi , Prananingtyas Paramita , Lumbanraja Anggita Doramia
Published: September 2022

Default committed by courier services results in losses for consumers, so consumers are entitled to legal protection. The purpose of this research is to find out the defaults made by courier services to consumers and to know the legal protection for consumers who experience losses due to expedition services in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations. The method used is the normative juridical research method. The results of this study found that the agreement between consumers and expedition services, namely expedition agreements, defaults that usually occur in shipping services, namely lost consumer goods, damaged goods, late goods, and legal protection for consumers who experience losses, namely compensation by the expedition. according to Article1 4 of Law no. 8 of 1999. Default committed by expedition is loss of goods, damage to goods and late goods, legal protection for consumers in the form of compensation from expedition services in the amount of the losses incurred.Keywords: Default; Forwarder; Consumer Protection.AbstrakWanprestasi yang di1akukan o1eh jasa ekspedisi menimbu1kan kerugian bagi konsumen, maka konsumen berhak untuk mendapatkan per1indungan hukum. Tujuan pene1itian ini ada1ah untuk mengetahui wanprestasi yang di1akukan o1eh jasa ekspedisi kepada konsumen dan mengetahui per1indungan hukum untuk konsumen yang menga1ami kerugian akibat jasa ekspedisi sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang belaku. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasi1 dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perjanjian antara konsumen dengan jasa ekspedisi yaitu perjanjian ekspedisi, wanprestasi yang biasa terjadi dida1am jasa ekspedisi yaitu barang konsumen yang hi1ang, barang rusak, barang ter1ambat, dan per1indungan hukum untuk konsumen yang menga1ami kerugian yaitu dengan ganti rugi o1eh pihak ekspedisi sesuai Pasa1 4 UU No. 8 Tahun 1999. Adanya wanprestasi yang di1akukan o1eh ekspedisi yaitu hi1angnya barang, rusaknya barang dan barang ter1ambat, per1indungan hukum untuk konsumen berupa ganti kerugian dari jasa ekspedisi sebesar ni1ai kerugian yang ditanggung.Kata Kunci: Wanprestasi; Ekspeditur; Perlindungan Konsumen.
Research trends in task-based language teaching: A bibliometric analysis from 1985 to 2020
Authors: Qin Jie , Lei Lei
Published: September 2022

This study offers a bibliometric analysis of research trends in task-based language teaching (TBLT) from 1985 to 2020. The analysis covers research questions related to the publication trends, venues for publication, productive authors, highly cited articles and references and, more importantly, the most frequently explored TBLT-related topics and their developmental patterns across the past 35 years. Results showed that TBLT was still mostly approached from the traditional cognitive-interactionist and psycholinguistic perspectives with a focus on tasks, individuals (i.e., learners and teachers), task-related variables (e.g., task complexity and task repetition), task performance, and the resultant linguistic forms. While this field of research has witnessed a growing interest in learners’ individual differences and computer-mediated, technologies-assisted learning, a decreasing trend has been observed in topics related to error and recast. Implications for task-based research, pedagogy, and research methodologies are discussed.