bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion plant)
Authors: Prajakta N. Dongare  , Tejashri B. Kadu  , Ashish L. Pohane  , Sachin J. Dighade  , Priyadarshani G. Patil
Published: November 2021

Taraxacum officinale (dandelion), a member of the Asteraceae family, commonly found in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere, is the perennial herb, forming a rosette leaf, golden yellow flowers that bloom year round. Dandelion leaves, roots and flowers is used in many traditional and modern herbal medicinal systems. On phytochemical investigation, Dandelion herb contains one or more vital phytochemical constituents. Similarly Among the most important compounds in dandelion Contains sesquiterpene lactones which is a bitter element, principally contains taraxacin and taraxacerin, which is principally important in mechanism of liver functions related with hepatoprotective action. Besides that result of the phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of sterols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, that have been shown to be associated with numerous pharmacological effects such as Antioxidants, anti immflammatory, antidiabetics, antitumor activity. Along with that the Dandelion leaves are a high efficient source of vitamins and minerals, including beta carotene, non-provitamin A carotenoids, xanthophylls, chlorophyll, vitamins C and D, many of the B-complex vitamins, choline, iron, silicon, magnesium, sodium, potassium, zinc, manganese, copper, and phosphorous which is also useful as a several nutritive action. This review will point out areas for future research of phytochemicals containing Taraxacum officinale where they shows more effective against various ailments and shows recent effective pharmacological activity
Factors affecting can Tho university’s brand value - approach from students
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Nghi  , Le Kim Thanh  , Ngo Huynh Nhu
Published: November 2021

The study aims to identify factors influencing the brand value of Can Tho University. Research data were collected from 340 students studying at Can Tho University. By applying the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multivariate linear regression, the study has indicated factors putting positive impacts on Can Tho University's brand value. They are the university's reputation, training quality, graduate prospects, and alumni. In which, the training quality has the strongest influence on the brand value of the university.
The First Main Line in Russia
Authors: Levin D. Yu.
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the 170th anniversary of the first Russian railway main line St. Petersburg–Moscow. The country’s railway transport, as the main type of transportation, has a rich history and remarkable patriotic, labour, scientific, and technical traditions. We must remember them. The emergence of railways in Russia, as in other countries of the world, was accompanied by many problems that needed to be solved: financing methods, types of ownership, track gauge, types of traction and signalling, traffic management and control, competition with other modes of transport, etc. The stage of emergence of railways in Russia is very instructive. What extreme points of view were expressed, and how long did it take to start building main lines? After the society realised the need for construction of railways, it became obvious that the costs required are not affordable neither for the state, nor for creditors, nor for private entrepreneurs. To better understand how construction of the first railway in Russia was conducted, the article offers many illustrations.
Labour Rate Setting for Transport Company’s Managers Based on the Principles of Organisation Design
Authors: Nikitin V. N. , Kalashnikov M. Yu. , Litvinova O. S.
Published: November 2021

Analysis and labour rate setting regarding management activities is an important tool in the modern economy, used to improve the corporate efficiency by optimising existing management processes, reducing bureaucracy, and eliminating redundant processes, and, consequently, administrative elements that do not create value, and are an obstacle to normal functioning of the management system. The application of analytical methods to the work of managers is a relevant and powerful tool for increasing productivity and efficiency of corporate management.

The article describes the results of a study of tools for analysis and regulation of management activities implemented in the Russian Railways holding company based on the principles of organisation design. The subject of the study is management activity as an object of application of modern methods of analysis and labour rates.

The objective of the studyis to show the possibility and feasibility of using modern methods of analysis and regulation of labour on the example of a large transport company. The purposes of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, comprise identification of prerequisites for adoption of methods of analysis and regulation of management activities; assessment of possibilities of using the tools of functional analysis of organisation’s entities and divisions to increase efficiency of management activities; description of technologies for labour rate setting for management activities using the example of the Russian Railways holding company.

The study is based on the use of methods of process analytics, functional analysis, labour rate setting, and organisation design.

The main result of the study is development of methodological approaches to analysis and standardisation of managerial work in a transport company. These approaches will make it possible to reasonably develop labour standards and rates for managers, staffing plan, and adopt modern management practices in the Russian Railways holding company.
Automation of Collection of Primary Data for Development of a Passenger Origin-Destination Trip Correspondence Matrix Based on Computer Vision and Neural Network Technologies
Authors: Postolit A. V.
Published: November 2021

The origin-destination trip matrix is a fundamental characteristic of a transport network, and development of a reliable correspondence matrix is the most important task in organising passenger traffic. It is the basis on which the public transport route network of a city (region) is built and optimised.

Currently, collection of initial information for construction of a travel correspondence matrix is carried out through field surveys comprising questionnaire surveys of the population; accounting for movement of passengers according to the coupons issued to them; checkers, tellers manually counting passengers in vehicle compartments; simple surveys of passengers. Besides, mathematical modelling is used based on statistical data on the number of residents in various districts of the city, employees in enterprises and students in educational institutions, as well as on available data on the characteristics of passenger traffic along certain routes. All these surveys are very expensive and are carried out once over few years; they give a large error, which is why decisions made on the basis of these data are far from being optimal.

There are a lot of solutions in the software and hardware market that provide automated collection of data on passenger flows. They are based on the use of infrared sensors or of video recording. However, none of these systems provide information about the points of entry and exit of each passenger. The objective of this study was to develop methods for automating the collection of reliable information about passenger trips, that will be the base for building up-to-date and reliable passenger trip correspondence matrices. This task can be solved by constant monitoring of passengers’ trips with fixing places of entry and exit of each passenger.

The study describes the possibility of creating software based on computer vision and artificial intelligence which will provide automation of collection of primary information about travel of each passenger from the place of boarding into the vehicle to exit from it, that is, automation of data generation to build a passenger trip correspondence matrix.
Performance of Base Stations in Railway Digital Radio Communication Networks
Authors: Nemtsov Yu. V. , Seryogin I. V. , Volnov P. I.
Published: November 2021

Base station (BS) is a terminal device of a radio communication network, while railway radio communications play an important role in ensuring safety of passenger and cargo transportation.

A proposed method for calculating the performance of base stations in railway digital radio communication networks is intended to calculate for the BS the probabilities of being in certain state.

BS was decomposed and such functional elements as circuit groups and a radio frequency path were identified, as well as the central module ensuring the exchange of information with elements of this BS and with other BSs. A detailed study of each element has increased accuracy of the proposed method. Following the Markov model, BS is presented as a system in which all possible states are considered. Models for BS with two and three circuit groups have been constructed. The parameters of each functional element of the model can be obtained through observation over a certain period. The solution of the system of equations for each of the models presented in the article will allow obtaining the values of the system being in a certain state. The obtained characteristics can be used to calculate the reliability of the entire radio communication network, and then to assess quality of service provided to the users of this network.

Conclusions are made about the possibilities of using the obtained models when designing new railway communication networks and when calculating quality indices of existing ones. The proposed models can be applied not only to railway radio communication networks but also to mobile communication networks of commercial operators.
Optimisation of Inventory Levels as Logistics Challenge
Authors: Antipenko V. S. , Babich N. S. , Galkin K. V.
Published: November 2021

Inventory ensures stability of the production technical system. Production facilities have warehouses for workpieces to create final output parts, and warehouses for finished products to meet customer demand. Stocks of workpieces avoid manufacturing downtime. Stocks of finished products make it possible to meet demand in a timely manner and avoid penalties for late deliveries of finished products to consumers.

On the other hand, the objects that make up the inventory are «dead» material resources that do not bring profit and negatively affect economic efficiency and competitiveness. According to published data, in economically developed countries, such as the USA, Japan, Germany and others, up to 30–40 % of production is in stocks. All this indicates the relevance of the issue of optimising the level of reserves, of solving the problem of establishing and maintaining the optimal level of the stock, its timely replenishment, considering time required for execution of applications of end users.

The objective of the workis to propose a solution to a stochastic logistic problem of inventory management with a random time delay and random demand, obtained by the authors using the methods of mathematical statistics, mathematical modelling, and production logistics for unknown and arbitrary form of distribution functions of demand and time delay. The work provides specific examples of approaches to implementation of suggested solution.
Race Without Gender? Trends and Limitations in the Higher Education Scholarship Regarding Men of Color
Authors: Cabrera Nolan L. , Karaman Alex K. , Turner Tracy Arámbula , Oregon Yadira G. , Gonell Eliaquin A. , Lopez Jameson D. , Deil-Amen Regina
Published: November 2021

The underrepresentation and underperformance of men of color relative to women of color within institutions of higher education have been extensively studied the past 20 years. The purpose of this study is to understand trends in how this research has been conducted rather than understand “best practices” to support this student population. To achieve this, we reviewed 153 pieces of scholarship from 1999 to 2019 using an intersectional and critical content analysis approach. Findings revealed that the bulk of scholarship involved onetime interviews for its empirical foundations, and the overwhelming majority centered the racial experiences of Black and Latinx men. In contrast, few analyses critically explored gender, sexual orientation, or social class. Additionally, scholarship that centered Asian American, Indigenous, multiracial, and trans* men of color was scant or nonexistent. Given these large gaps in the knowledge base, we offer guidance for the next generation of men of color in higher education scholarship in terms of analytical foci, theoretical frameworks, and methodologies.
Bahaya minuman beralkohol bagi kesehatan
Authors: Oktavianus Antonius
Published: November 2021

Definisi alkoholik adalah seseorang dengan kecenderungan meminum lebih dari yang diinginkan akibat gagal berhenti meminum minuman keras atau alkohol. Akibatnya, alkohol akan mempengaruhi kerja tubuh dan pikiran. Pengaruh alkohol juga sangat berbahaya, tak hanya dari segi kesehatan, tetapi juga menganggu pertumbuhan, menambah kondisi stres, memperlambat aktivitas dan dapat mengubah emosi
Coreference and antecedent representation across languages
Authors: Lago Sol , Sloggett Shayne , Schlueter Zoe , Chow Wing Yee , Williams Alexander , Lau Ellen , Phillips Colin
Published: November 2021

Previous studies have shown that speakers of languages such as German, Spanish, and French reactivate the syntactic gender of the antecedent of a pronoun to license gender agreement. As syntactic gender is assumed to be stored in the lexicon, this has motivated the claim that pronouns in these languages reactivate the lexical entry of their antecedent noun. In contrast, in languages without syntactic gender such as English, lexical retrieval might be unnecessary. We used eye-tracking while reading to examine whether antecedent retrieval involves rapid semantic and phonological reactivation. We compared German and English. In German, we found early sensitivity to the semantic but not to the phonological features of the pronoun’s antecedent. In English, readers did not immediately show either semantic or phonological effects specific to coreference. We propose that early semantic facilitation arises due to syntactic gender reactivation, and that antecedent retrieval varies cross-linguistically depending on the type of information relevant to the grammar of each language.
MAKALAH DESAIN DAN STRUKTUR ORGANISASI
Authors: gunawan sahrul
Published: November 2021

Makalah ini dibuat untuk menambah wawasan kita' dalam menyusun desain dan struktur organisasi
PENGARUH DEMOKRASI DALAM BERMASYARAKAT
Authors: Prayogo Restu Hadi
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi Indonesia berpengaruh pada pencapaian tujuan Nasional Bangsa Indonesia. Yaitu terwujudnya masyarakat yang adil dan makmur berdasarkan pancasila dalam Negara Republik Indonesia yang merdeka dan berdaulat. Untuk membangun masyarakat yang sejahtera diperlukan kehidupan bangsa dengan system demokrasi. Dalam Sayidiman Demokrasi Indonesia merupakan kekuasaan dan kedaulatan ada di tangan rakyat, dilakukan sesuai dengan dasar Negara Pancasila karena pancasila merupakan kepribadian bangsa Indonesia. Negara Indonesia masih terus berjalan meski kehidupan politik di Indonesia telah jauh dari kata demokratis. Banyak negara yang menyesuaikan prinsip demokrasi dengan nilai-nilai tertentu di negaranya sehingga bentuk demokrasi menjadi banyak, sebut saja demokrasi langsung, demokrasi tidak langsung, demokrasi liberal, demokrasi konstitusional, dan lainnya. Kehadiran sistem demokrasi juga tidak terlepas dari perdebatanperdebatan di dalamnya. Tidak sedikit negara, individu, atau akademisi yang mempertanyakan prinsip, nilai, ataupun praktik demokrasi. Hubungan demokrasi dengan konsep lainnya juga menjadi perdebatan yang selalu ada. Permasalahan domestik juga perlu diselesaikan secepat mungkin agar kesejahteraan bisa tercapai secara optimal. Tetapi bukan hanya pemerintah saja yang perlu berjuang. Masyarakat, individu demi individu pun perlu mencurahkan perhatiannya dan mengusahakan berbagai cara untuk memajukan Indonesia dan mencapai kesejahteraan Indonesia sesungguhnya. Seperti apa yang diungkapkan oleh Abraham Lincoln, demokrasi adalah dari rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat, maka kesejahteraan pun sebaiknya berawal dari rakyat, dikerjakan bersama-sama oleh rakyat, dan semua hasilnya untuk rakyat.
Pengaruh Situs Jejaring Sosial (Social Networking Site) terhadap Revolusi Politik Tunisia (2010-2011)
Authors: Fachrie Muhammad
Published: November 2021

This research explains the influence of social networking site against the political revolution that is happened in Tunisia in 2010 to 2011. Restraint of political freedom anddemocracy on regime of Ben Ali in Tunisia causes the society to be tough to get a free public sphere, so that the society seeks a strategic media to get free public sphere. At the time of the political revolution in Tunisia, the social networking site is a strategic media used for socialinteraction, disseminating information and mobilizing the masses, because the restraint of freedom of politics and democracy in cyberspace is not effective. This research is aimed to determine the influence arising from the use of social networking sites in political revolutions that takes place in Tunisia. This research shows that the political, social and economic turmoil in Tunisia encourage people to build public sphere. The public sphere has a realimpact for the community or society in support of the political revolution in Tunisia. Tunisia society has the opportunity to articulate the interests, needs of the country, and build a political movement through public space. Restraint of democratic freedoms through sensorsin cyberspace for democratization in Tunisia are not effective. Social networking site is public sphere for Tunisian society to disseminate information, communicate and mobilize social and political movements to overthrow the regime of Ben Ali.
Dampak Pemilihan Umum Serentak Bagi Pembangunan Demokrasi Indonesia
Authors: NABILA WHINDY SALSA
Published: November 2021

Pemilu adalah mekanisme demokrasi untuk memilih seseorang yang akan mewakili rakyat dan memimpin pemerintahan. Sejak 1955, Indonesia telah menyelenggarakan 11 pemilu. Berdasarkan UUD 1945 pasal 1 ayat 3, memberikan hak kepada rakyat untuk menentukan kekuasaan. Pada tahun 2014, Indonesia telah menyelenggarakan pemilihan umum untuk memilih anggota parlemen dan presiden yang digelar dihari yang berbeda. Sebulan sebelum pemilihan umum dilakukan, Mahkamah Konstitusi mengumumkan peninjauan pengujian Undang-undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2008. Mahkamah Konstitusi memutuskan pemilihan legislatif dan pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden yang digelar serentak. Keputusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No 14/PUUXI/ 2013 memiliki implikasi hukum pada pemilihan umum 2014 dan juga mepilihan umum 2019. Sejak awal hukum baru disahkan, KPU telah membuat semua persiapan untuk menyelenggarakan pemilihan secara serentak di Indonesia. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk mengurangi biaya. Kualitas demokrasi tergantung kepada keadilan bukan kepada biaya yang dihabiskan. Hal ini penting untuk memastikan keadilan dan pada waktu yang bersamaan juga menghindari terjadinya konflik yang mungkin terjadi.
Makalah Desain dan Struktur Organisasi
Authors: Arifin Muhammad Arfian
Published: November 2021

Syukur Alhamdulillah senantiasa kami panjatkan atas kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya, sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini guna memenuhi tugas kelompok untuk mata kuliah Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen, dengan judul : “STRUKTUR ORGANISASI”.Shalawat serta salam kita panjatkan kepada nabi besar kita nabi Muhammad SAW Yang telah membawa kita dari alam kegelapan dan menuju alam yang terang menerang seperti kita rasakan pada saat ini. Makalah ini diperuntukkan untuk mahasiswa dan mahasiswi tingkat dasar khususnya yang membutuhkan wawasan lebih tinggi, selain itu diharapkan bisa membantu pembaca lebih mengetahui tentang makalah.Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang “STRUKTUR ORGANISASI”.. Ucapan terimakasih kami kepada pihak yang telah membantu, dan tak bisa disebutkan satu persatu. Makalah ini bukanlah akhir dari penulisan melainkan awal dari sebuah penulisan yang tentunya membutuhkan kritik dan saran dari pembaca, demi perbaikan penulisan yang akan datang.
Demokrasi dan Sistem Pemerintahan
Authors: Mone Apdiana
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi memberikan pemahaman bahwa sumber daya adalah orang-orang dengan pengertian, orang akan melahirkan aturan yang akan menguntungkan dan melindungi hak-hak mereka. Agar hal itu terjadi, perlu aturan dengan dukungan dan menjadi dasar dalam kehidupan negara untuk menjamin dan melindungi hak-hak rakyat. Aturan seperti yang disebut konstitusi.Pengertian mengenai kekuasaan tertinggi itu sendiri, tidak perlu dipahami bersifat monostik dan mutlak dalam arti tidak terbatas, karena sudah dengan sendirinya kekuasaan tertinggi ditangan rakyat itu dibatasi oleh kesepakatan yang mereka tentukan sendiri secara bersama-sama yang dituangkan dalam rumusan konstitusi yang mereka susun dan sahkan bersama,terutama mereka mendirikan Negara yang bersangkutan. Inilah yang disebut dengan kontrak social antar warga masyarakat yang tercermin dalam konstitusi. Konstitusi itulah yang membatasi dan mengatur bagaimana kedaulatan rakyat itu disalurkan, dijalankan dan diselenggarakan dalam kegiatan kenegaraan dan kegiatan pemerintahan sehari-hari. Pada hakikatnya, dalam ide kedaulatan rakyat itu, tetap harus dijamin bahwa rakyatlah yang sesungguhnya pemilik Negara dengan segala kewenangannya untuk menjalankan semua fungsi kekuasaan Negara, baik di bidang legislative, eksekutif, maupun yudikatif. Rakyatlah yang berwenang merencanakan, mengatur, melaksanakan, dan melakukan pengawasan serta penilaian terhadap pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi kekuasaan itu. Bahkan lebih jauh lagi, untuk kemanfaatan bagi rakyatlah sesungguhnya segala kegiatan ditujukan dan diperuntukkannya segala manfaat yang didapat dari adanya dan berfungsinya kegiatan bernegara itu. Inilah gagasan kedaulatan rakyat atau demokrasi yang bersifat total dari rakyat, untuk rakyat oleh rakyat dan bersama rakyat.
MAKALAH DESAIN DAN PERUSAHAAN MANAJEMEN
Authors: RAHMADANI NURUL
Published: November 2021

Desain dan struktur organisasi merupakan salah satu isu dalam dalam manajemen yang masih cukup menarik untuk diperbincangkan hingga dewasa ini. media massa, baik elektronik maupun cetak, seringkali menampilkan opini dan pembicaraan yang membahas seputar Desain dan struktur organisasi.
Tanggung Jawab Negara Demokrasi Dalam Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Masyarakat
Authors: Adytha Fiozalinda Rizky
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi adalah suatu sistem pemerintahan dimana rakyat diikut sertakan dalam pemerintahan negara serta sebagai penentu keputusan dan kebijakan tertinggi dalam penyelenggaraan negara pemerintahan serta sebagai pengontrol terhadap pelaksanaanya, baik secara langsung oleh rakyat atau melalui lembaga perwalian. Pelayanan kesehatan merupakan hak dasar masyarakat yang harus dipenuhi dalam pembangunan kesehatan. Pemerintah mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk menjamin setiap warga negara memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Pembangunan kesehatan merupakan upaya untuk memenuhi salah satu hak dasar rakyat, yaitu untuk memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan sesuai UUD 1945 dan Undang-Undang Nomer 36 tahun 2009 tentang kesehatan.Kata kunci: demokrasi, UUD 1945, pelayanan kesehatan
Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Politik Sebagai Implementasi Demokrasi
Authors: Sakinah Mutiara
Published: November 2021

Prinsip dari sebuah negara demokrasi adalah dengan menjunjung tinggi Konstitusidan ideologi dalam sebuah negara. Kebebasan dalam hak sosial dan politikmenjadi sebuah jaminan yang sangat diperlukan untuk dapat mencapai sebuahnegara yang menjunjung tinggi demokrasi sehingga aspirasi yang ada dapattersalurkan dengan baik. Permasalahan yang muncul yaitu Bagaimana Prinsip DanJaminan Hak Warga Negara Menurut UUD 1945 dan Bagaimana Dinamika SosialPolitik Dalam Sistem Demokrasi di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakanberupa penelitian hukum yuridis normatif yang merupakan penelitiankepustakaan, yaitu penelitian terhadap bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukumsekunder yang terdiri dari peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur-literaturterkait untuk memecahkan persoalan hukum atau permasalahan yang akandibahas. Kemerdekaan menyampaikan pendapat dimuka umum harusdilaksanakan dengan bertanggung jawab, sejalan dengan ketentuan peraturanperundang-undangan yang berlaku. Oleh karena itu negara wajib dapat mengeloladan mengendalikan dominasi iklim kapitalis agar tetap berjalan pada koridor yangtidak merugikan warga. Negara juga harus membuka dan memberdayakan ruangpublik secara optimal sebagai instrumen warga dalam menyalurkan aspirasinya,serta menutup keran tumbuh suburnya praktek politik uang baik di kalangan elit politik maupun di kalangan masyarakat, karena dengan membiarkan politik uangberlangsung, maka tidak hanya berimpilkasi melahirkan politisi yang korup danmengekang hati nurani masyarakat dalam memberikan partisipasi politiknya,namun juga berakibat tercederainya suatu pemilu yang demokratis.
Differential expression of vestigial-like family member 3 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding vestigial-like family member 3, VGLL3, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. VGLL3 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of VGLL3 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in patients with luminal A subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. VGLL3 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Persatuan dan Kesatuan dalam Bingkai Negara Kesatuan RI
Authors: Lutpiani Elpi
Published: November 2021

Persatuan secara sederhana berarti gabungan (ikatan, kumpulan, dan sebagainya) dari beberapa bagian menjadi sesuatu yang utuh. Dengan kata lain, persatuan itu berkonotasi disatukannya bermacam-macam corak yang beragam ke dalam suatu kebulatan yang utuh. Negara Indonesia adalah negara kesatuan berbentuk republik yang wilayahnya merupakan kesatuan dari ribuan pulau. Negara Indonesia terletak di antara Samudera Pasifik dan Samudera Hindia serta di antara Benua Asia dan Australia. Ada tiga faktor yang dapat memperkuat persatuan dan kesatuan dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Ketiga faktor tersebut adalah Sumpah Pemuda, Pancasila, dan semboyan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika
Demokrasi
Authors: Oktavianus Antonius
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi adalah bentuk pemerintahan di mana semua warga negaranya memiliki hak yang sama pengambilan keputusan yang dapat mengubah hidup mereka. Demokrasi mengizinkan warga negara berpartisipasi—baik secara langsung atau melalui perwakilan—dalam perumusan, pengembangan, dan pembuatan hukum. Demokrasi mencakup kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya yang memungkinkan adanya praktik kebebasan politik secara bebas dan setara. Demokrasi juga merupakan seperangkat gagasan dan prinsip tentang kebebasan beserta praktik dan prosedurnya. Demokrasi mengandung makna penghargaan terhadap harkat dan martabat manusia.
Demokrasi pancasila
Authors: Pawestri Artha Dwi Shafira
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi Pancasila adalah paham demokrasi yang bersumber pada falsafah dan kepribadian bangsa Indonesia, perwujudannya ditentukan dalam pembukaan UUD1945. Dasar demokrasi Pancasila adalah kedaulatan rakyat yang tercantum dalam pembukaan UUD 1945 pasal 1 ayat 2, kedaulatan adalah di tangan rakyat dandilakukan sepenuhnya oleh MPR.Menurut Wikipedia Indonesia, demokrasi adalah bentuk atau mekanisme sistem pemerintahan suatu negara sebagai upaya mewujudkan kedaulatan rakyat (kekuasaanwarga negara) atas negara untuk dijalankan oleh pemerintah negara tersebut
Rencana Pembeljaran Semester Dasar-Dasar Manajemen
Authors: AZHAR
Published: November 2021

Mahasiswa memiliki kemampuan untuk memahami fungsi-fungsi manajemen yang meliputi teori dan konsep dasar manajemen sepertiperencanaan (planning), pengaturan (organizing), kepemimpinan (leadership), dan pengendalian (control), dan dapat mengaplikasikannyadalam pengelolaan organisasi yang akan diikuti. Mahasiswa juga diminta untuk mengenali perkembangan konsep manajemen untuk dapatmelakukan antisipasi penerapan konsep manajemen sesuai dengan perkembangan konteks dan karakteristik organisasi.
KAIDAH PENULISAN MA ZAIDAH AL-KAFFAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN QAWAID AL-IMLA’
Authors: AHNAF  , Khofifah Sofi Nurul , Gani Faizia
Published: November 2021

Maa is one of the particles whose frequency of use in Arabic is quite high, both spoken and written. In its use, mā in different sentence constructions will produce different meanings, so it is important to study it. The method used in this research is a qualitative method, with four stages, namely data collection, data tabulation, data analysis, and presentation of data analysis results. The results of this study are the use of Maa in the sentence structure of Arabic language, affixes forming verbs with akhrufu ziyadah forming mazid verbs, namely verbs with certain patterns. The akhrufu ziyadah includes one letter, two letters, and three Arabic letters occupying various positions, namely the beginning of the sentence, the middle of the sentence, and the end of the sentence. The Maa in each of these structures produces various grammatical meanings. Maa which is located at the beginning can have several grammatical meanings, including the meaning of negation, non-personal question words, conditional or conditional markers, admiration markers. Maa which is in the middle of a sentence has a grammatical meaning as a general explanation of non-personal constituents. The Maa which is located at the end gives rise to a grammatical meaning, namely as a disguise or blurring of the meaning of the previous constituents. One way so that someone does not err in understanding the meaning of a verse if Maa ziyadah is included is that we must know the meaning of Maa zaidah al-kaffah, the kinds of letters Maa, and learn the writing technique.
DEMOKRASI DI ERA MILENIAL
Authors: Santoso Widi Ardian
Published: November 2021

kaum milenial dinilai memiliki peran penting dalam proses penguatan demokrasi. Hal ini dikarenakan lebih dari setengah keseluruhan jumlah masyarakat Indonesia merupakan kaum milenia
O paradoxo de bootstrap e o efeito ovo-galinha em um referencial superluminal
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: November 2021

Discutimos sobre o paradoxo de bootstrap e sobre o paradoxo ovo-galinha, sob a perspectiva de um referencial mais rápido do que a luz.
Online data collection to address language sampling bias: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Garcia Rowena , Roeser Jens , Kidd Evan
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has massively limited how linguists can collect data, and out of necessity, researchers across several disciplines have moved data collection online. Here we argue that this rising popularity of remote web-based experiments also provides an opportunity for widening the context of linguistic research by facilitating data collection from understudied populations. We discuss collecting production data from adult native speakers of Tagalog using an unsupervised web-based experiment. Compared to equivalent lab experiments, data collection went quicker, and the sample was more diverse, without compromising data quality. However, there were also technical and human issues that come with this method. We discuss these challenges and provide suggestions on how to overcome them.
Perceptions of love and sex in young and middle Greek adults, relationship satisfaction and duration
Authors: Kordoutis Panos , Daoultzis Konstantinos Christos , Argyroudi Anthi , Masoura Elvira
Published: November 2021

Sexuality is perceived either as result or prerequisite of love or as working in tandem with love in romantic relationships. Hendrick & Hendrick (2002) proposed a theory and a measure capturing the lay perceptions of the love-sex link. The PLSS (Perceptions of Love and Sex Scale) comprises four themes/subscales, Love is Most Important, Love Comes Before Sex (“love themes”), Sex is Declining, Sex Demonstrates Love (“sex themes”). We examined the validity of PLSS in the Greek context, across two age-groups, young (18-40) and middle adults (41-65), and whether the themes predicted relationship satisfaction and duration. Greek participant (N=631) in romantic relationships responded online to the PLSS and other measures of relationship constructs (e.g., passionate, companionate love, sex, satisfaction). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the PLSS maintained its fourfold structure. The PLSS sexual themes correlated more strongly with relationship constructs than love themes. Young adult women stated that Sex was Declining less than middle adult ones and reported shorter relationships than men. Irrespective of age-group, Sex is (not) Declining, Love is Most Important, and Sex Demonstrates Love predicted satisfaction. Love Comes Before Sex and Sex is Declining predicted duration among young adults. Sex is Declining was the only predictor of duration among middle adults. Our findings suggest that love and sex work in tandem but sexual themes are more important for the Greek population. The study corroborated the validity of PLSS in the Greek context, demonstrating its sensitivity to capture cultural developments in conceptions of intimacy.
The impacts of COVID-19 on eating disorders and disordered eating: A mixed studies systematic review and implications for healthcare professionals, carers, and self
Authors: McLean Courtney , Utpala Ranjani , Sharp Gemma
Published: November 2021

Objective: The unique constraints to everyday life brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have been shown to negatively impact those with pre-existing mental health issues such as eating disorders. While individuals with eating disorders or disordered eating behaviours represent a vulnerable group to COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of the pandemic is yet to be fully established. As such, we systematically examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders and disordered eating behaviours. Method: We searched electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE for literature published until October 2021. Eligible studies were required to report on individuals with or without a diagnosed eating disorder or disordered eating behaviours who were exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Seventy-two studies met eligibility criteria with the majority supporting an increase in eating disorder or disordered eating behaviours associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, children and adolescents and individuals with a diagnosed eating disorder present a vulnerable group to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: This systematic review provides a timely insight into COVID-19 eating disorder literature and will assist in understanding possible future long-term impacts of the pandemic on eating disorders behaviours. It appears that the role of stress in the development and maintenance of eating disorders was intensified as a means to cope with the uncertainty of the pandemic. Future research is needed among understudied and minority groups and to examine the long-term implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders and disordered eating behaviours.
Harm Transgressions Only Induce Anger, Purity Transgressions Only Induce disgust? Experiment Based on Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure
Authors: Yu Zhenhao
Published: November 2021

The perspective of cognition in moral judgment has drawn much attention in early research, but more and more evidences from moral judgment researches have shown that moral emotion plays an important role in it. Under the simple context of moral judgment, Rottman and Young (2019) found dosage effect in moral domain, in detail, it has been proved that individuals are sensitive to the change of frequency of harm transgressions, but insensitive to purity transgressions. The mechanism might be the specific type of moral emotion of specific immoral behavior differ with each other that further caused the difference of sensitivity in dosage. But nowadays there are debate that if specific immoral behavior produces specific moral emotion, or specific immoral behavior produces several moral emotions. Our study aimed to explore the mechanism behind dosage effect and solve the questions above. We used implicit relational assessment procedure to find the automatic correspondences of harm violations – angry and purity violations – disgust. The results showed that no matter what type of stimulus are (In study 1, violations sentences matched emotional pictures; In study 2, violation sentences matched emotional words), participants’ reaction to the consistent relationships were faster than inconsistent relationships, that is, the correspondences we proposed were established. In the study 3, we wanted to find (1) if these correspondences were affected by the type of materials in experiment? (2) The total effect size of correspondences can reach to what extent? Single-paper meta-analysis was conducted and results showed medium to large effect size and the correspondences were not affected by materials, which supported moral foundation theory and provided explanations for dosage effect. Discussion further explained results from relational framework theory and the theory of evolution of emotion. This research provides theoretical framework in moral emotions.
Quality of life and prosocial or antisocial coping with resource deprivation: The study of people at risk of social exclusion
Authors: Chwaszcz Joanna , Bartczuk Rafał Piotr , Niewiadomska Iwona , Sławska-Jaroszewska Patrycja
Published: November 2021

Background and Objectives. This paper presents a study based on Hobfoll’s conservation of resources theory on resources and coping as predictors of the quality of life of those at risk of social exclusion. They are deprived of access to the public pool of psychosocial resources, the acquisition and accumulation of which are closely linked to the perceived quality of life.Design. A cross-sectional self-reported questionnaire study.Method. The sample of 1,074 individuals from various groups at risk of exclusion was surveyed using the Conservation of Resources–Evaluation questionnaire, the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale, and the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to test mediational hypotheses in the analysis. Results. The significant variables that determined the relationship between resource gains and losses and the quality of life included active-passive and prosocial-antisocial coping strategies. The results were generally robust, but the level of education moderated the relationship between active antisocial coping and quality of life.Conclusion. The obtained dependencies are consistent with Hobfoll’s approach, confirming its usefulness. Prosocial coping boosts the positive prominence of the relationship between resource gains and the quality of life and reduces the effect of resource losses, causing the quality of life to decline.
Improving speed of models for improved real-world decision-making
Authors: Thompson Jason , Zhao Haifeng , Seneviratne Sachith , Byrne Rohan , Vidanaarachichi Rajith , McClure Roderick
Published: November 2021

The sudden onset of the COVID-19 global health crisis and as-sociated economic and social fall-out has highlighted the im-portance of speed in modeling emergency scenarios so that ro-bust, reliable evidence can be placed in policy and decision-makers’ hands as swiftly as possible. For computational social scientists who are building complex policy models but who lack ready access to high-performance computing facilities, such time-pressure can hinder effective engagement. Popular and ac-cessible agent-based modeling platforms such as NetLogo can be fast to develop, but slow to run when exploring broad param-eter spaces on individual workstations. However, while deploy-ment on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters can achieve marked performance improvements, transferring models from workstations to HPC clusters can also be a technically challenging and time-consuming task. In this paper we present a set of generic templates that can be used and adapted by NetLogo users who have access to HPC clusters but require ad-ditional support for deploying their models on such infrastruc-ture. We show that model run-time speed improvements of be-tween 200x and 400x over desktop machines are possible using 1) a benchmark ‘wolf-sheep predation’ model in addition to 2) an example drawn from our own work modeling the spread of COVID-19 in Victoria, Australia. We describe how a focus on improving model speed is non-trivial for model development and discuss its practical importance for improved policy and de-cision-making in the real world. We provide all associated doc-umentation in a linked git repository.
Mathematical formalism on "Arabic Language DNA"
Authors: Eid Al-Rawajfeh Aiman , Altawallbeh Zuhier
Published: November 2021

In this work we formalize new findings on formal Arabic language by constructing equivalence classes on letters depending on inversion principle. This equivalent relation furnishes a conjecture that Arabic language has a DNA-like inversion controller, called language DNA (LDNA) (Al-Rawajfeh, 2020, Ref [2]) and it can be even considered as a part of the full language DNA that can be discovered by more investigations similar to this work.
The relationship between petroleum price and real exchange rate: an example of Iraq
Authors: Saeed Saeed Dindar , Taha Abdulazeez Sadeq , Kamal Rasheed Sarbast , Younis Masiha Rogash , Hashim Malo Diyar
Published: November 2021

Petroleum is one of the world's most important economic products. It is widely accepted that petroleum is not only an energy product, but also a financial asset. Therefore, it is important to understand the dependence of petroleum prices on economic conditions and financial markets and how they can affect the world economy. The fluctuations in world petroleum prices affect the economies of petroleum importing countries through different channels. One of the most important of these influence channels is the exchange rate. Because changes in exchange rates cause different economic problems in fragile economies. Changes in petroleum prices affect the economic performance of any country through various channels. One of the channels of influence is exchange rates. Petroleum prices affect the transfer of income from petroleum exporting countries to petroleum importing countries through trade and thus determine the exchange rate. In this study, the Relationship between Petroleum Price and Real Exchange Rate in Iraq was examined by ADF unit root test, Johansen-Juselius cointegration test and Granger causality analysis. For the analysis, the Petroleum Price and Real Exchange Rate data of Iraq were taken from the official website of the World Bank and transferred to the Eviews 10 program and necessary analyzes were made. The results of the analysis were analyzed and interpreted in tables.
In Corona Days; Performance Hardships for Suggested Endoscopist Location during Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: M. Elsayed Amr , Ahmed Elham , Fouad Magdy , A. Hassnine Alshymaa
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Corona virus disease COVID 2019 is considered as serious pandemic. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is an aerosol generating process and may precipitate its transmission. The aim of this study is to assess new location for the endoscopist and supporting team during this era of COVID19. Methods: This study included 43 patients. Patients were classified into two groups, group 1 included 21 patients in which classic position of endoscopic staff members was done, maintaining the personal protective equipment and the group 2 included 22 patients in which the endoscopist and staff members stand behind the patient. Results: There is no significant statistical difference between groups regarding the time needed for completing the endoscopic process, the success of the maneuver or the satisfaction of the patient about the maneuvers (P = 0.839, P = 1, P = 0.721) respectively, the endoscopist has to do additional movements by his shoulders or his wrists in group II more significantly than in group I (p=0.012) Conclusions: Standing of the endoscopist behind the patient while performing EGD is as effective as the standard classic one. In simple upper gastrointestinal UGI endoscopic maneuvers, it may be more protective for endoscopic staff members in the era of pandemic COVID19.
Relation Of Serum Uric Acid Concentrations With Etiology And Severity In Patients With Cirrhosis Of Liver
Authors: Hasan Rashedul , Roy Projesh Kumar , Khan Masudur Rahman
Published: November 2021

Background: Hyperuricemia is now an established factor to cause oxidative stress, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. So it is likely that hyperuricemia might be involved in hepatic necro-inflammation and destruction which are the common underlying pathophysiology of cirrhosis. On the other hand, as uric acid is the end product of cellular degradation, increased hepatocyte destruction due to any etiology increases the level of serum uric acid which might further aggravate hepatic necro-inflammation, cirrhosis & complications. Objectives: To assess serum uric acid concentrations in patients of cirrhosis of liver and its relation with cirrhosis of different etiology, disease severity and liver enzymes. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Gastroenterology, BSMMU, Bangladesh during the period of September 2015 to October 2016. A total of 220 diagnosed cases of cirrhosis of liver due to any cause from inpatient & outpatient Department of Gastroenterology of Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University were enrolled as the study population. Serum uric acid level was measured in each patient and its relationship with different etiology of cirrhosis, severity of cirrhosis and liver enzymes were assessed. Results: The mean age was found to be 47.8 ± 14.6 years and male: female ratio was 1.9:1. Majority patients (52.3%) belonged to CTP Class C. The mean (±SD) value of serum uric acid was 6.19 (±3.25mg/dl) and hyperuricemia (>7 mg/dl) was detected in 27.73% patients. Among all etiologies of CLD, the higher mean (±SD) level of serum uric acid was found in NAFLD (19.54 ±2.20 mg/dl). There was positive correlation of serum uric acid with liver enzymes. Conclusion: Mean serum uric acid level increased gradually as the cirrhotic patients progressed to higher CTP classes & there was positive correlation of serum uric acid with liver enzymes. It requires further large scale multicenter studies with increased sample size & prolong follow-up to establish serum uric acid as a risk factor of CLD.