bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Photochromic Luminophore (I).
Authors: Shiyonok A. I. , Kol'tsova L. S. , Zaichenko N. L. , Marevtsev V. S. , Ait A. O. , Sychev I. Yu.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three New Pentacyclic Triterpenes and Some Flavonoids from the Fruits of an Indian Ayurvedic Plant Dendrophthoe falcata and Their Estrogen Receptor Binding Activity.
Authors: Mallavadhani Uppuluri Venkata , Narasimhan Kilambi , Sudhakar Akella Venkata Subrahmanya , Mahapatra Anita , Li Wenkui , van Breemen Richard Bruce
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Operationally Convenient Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)‐ and (R)‐3‐Amino‐4,4,4‐trifluorobutanoic Acid. Part 1. Enantioselective Biomimetic Transamination of Isopropyl 4,4,4‐Trifluoro‐3‐oxo‐butanoate.
Authors: Soloshonok Vadim A. , Ohkura Hironari , Yasumoto Manabu
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a Modified Peptide Fragment Analogue Val‐Tyr(P)‐Val‐Ala‐Ala‐OH of cAMP Protein Kinase Regulatory Subunit Type II Employing Fmoc Chemistry.
Authors: Devaraju Kuramkote Shivanna , Patil Basanagoud S. , Tantry Subramanyam J. , Babu S. V. Suresh , Shetty K. Taranath , Babu Vommina V. Suresh
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Bis(glycosylamino)alkanes and Bis(glycosylamino)arenes.
Authors: Metlitskikh S. V. , Koroteev A. M. , Koroteev M. P. , Shashkov A. S. , Korlyukov A. A. , Antipin M. Yu. , Stash A. I. , Nifantiev E. E.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Selective ϰ‐Opioid Receptor Agonist with Low Addictive Potential and Dependence Liability.
Authors: Park Hee Sock , Lee Hee Yoon , Kim Yong Hae , Park Jin Kyu , Zvartau Edwin E. , Lee Heeseung
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 6‐Amino‐, 6‐Methyl‐ and 6‐Aryl‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)purine Bases and Nucleosides.
Authors: Silhar Peter , Pohl Radek , Votruba Ivan , Klepetarova Blanka , Hocek Michal
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nucleoside H‐Phosphonates. Part 21. Synthetic and 31P NMR Studies on the Preparation of Dinucleoside H‐Phosphonoselenoates.
Authors: Kullberg Martin , Bollmark Martin , Stawinski Jacek
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel Conformationally Locked Carbocyclic Nucleosides Derived from 3‐(Hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐2,5‐diol.
Authors: Hrebabecky Hubert , Masojidkova Milena , Dracinsky Martin , Holy Antonin
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Psoralenoside and Isopsoralenoside, Two New Benzofuran Glycosides from Psoralea corylifolia.
Authors: Qiao Chun‐Feng , Han Quan‐Bin , Mo Shi‐Fu , Song Jing‐Zheng , Xu Li‐Jia , Chen Shi‐Lin , Yang Da‐Jian , Kong Ling‐Dong , Kung Hsiang‐Fu , Xu Hong‐Xi
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acerogenin M, a Cyclic Diarylheptanoid, and Other Phenolic Compounds from Acer nikoense and Their Antiinflammatory and Antitumor‐Promoting Effects.
Authors: Akihisa Toshihiro , Taguchi Yosuke , Yasukawa Ken , Tokuda Harukuni , Akazawa Hiroyuki , Suzuki Takashi , Kimura Yumiko
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phenolic Constituents from the Rhizomes of Dryopteris crassirhizoma.
Authors: Chang Xiaolong , Li Wei , Koike Kazuo , Wu Lijun , Nikaido Tamotsu
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3‐(4‐Piperidinyl)indoles and 3‐(4‐Piperidinyl)pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridines as Ligands for the ORL‐1 Receptor.
Authors: Bignan Gilles C. , Battista Kathleen , Connolly Peter J. , Orsini Michael J. , Liu Jingchun , Middleton Steven A. , Reitz Allen B.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fe—M—B (M = IVa to VIa Metal) Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Materials: Alloy Development
Authors: Suzuki Kiyonori
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solid‐State Electrochemical Gas Sensors
Authors: Jasinski P.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Materials Chemistry of Group 13 Nitrides
Authors: Devi Anjana , Schmid Rochus , Muller Jens , Fischer Roland A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nanocrystals and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Jun Young‐wook , Jang Jung‐tak , Cheon Jinwoo
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multiferroic and Magnetoelectric Materials
Authors: Eerenstein W. , Mathur N. D. , Scott J. F.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective α‐Heterofunctionalization of Carbonyl Compounds: Organocatalysis Is the Simplest Approach
Authors: Guillena Gabriela , Ramon Diego J.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cross‐Coupling Reactions on Azoles with Two and More Heteroatoms
Authors: Schnuerch Michael , Flasik Radoslav , Khan Ather Farooq , Spina Markus , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Stanetty Peter
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Strategies and Prospects in Functionalization of Tetrazoles
Authors: Koldobskii G. I.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Heterocycles with Polyfluoroalkyl Substituents from Unsaturated Compounds Containing Polyfluoroalkyl Groups
Authors: Furin G. G.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ring Closing Metathesis of Substrates Containing More than Two Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds: Rapid Access to Functionalized Heterocycles
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Hermanns Jolanda
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Progress in the Syntheses and Biological Evaluation of Boronated Porphyrins for Boron Neutron‐Capture Therapy
Authors: Renner M. W. , Miura M. , Easson M. W. , Vicente M. G. H.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of N,N‐Coordinating Ligands in Catalytic Asymmetric C—C Bond Formations: Example of Cyclopropanation, Diels—Alder Reaction, Nucleophilic Allylic Substitution
Authors: Schulz Emmanuelle
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Use of Microwave Irradiation in Organic Synthesis. From Laboratory Curiosity to Standard Practice in Twenty Years
Authors: Kappe C. Oliver
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High Throughput Screening Methods for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Charbonneau Valerie , Ogilvie William W.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hazardous Organic Chemicals in Biosolids Recycled as Soil Amendments
Authors: Bhandari Alok , Xia Kang
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dereplication and Partial Identification of Compounds
Authors: Dinan Laurence
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Boron
Authors: Johnson A. L.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organopalladium‐Catalyzed Heteroannulations: Application of Organopalladium Reagents in the Synthesis of Benzofurans
Authors: Rao Kiran , Kishore D.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electron—Proton Effect in Catalysis
Authors: Kalnin'sh K. K.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Roles of Pharmacists in Medical Team of HIV Infection
Authors: Ido Keiko
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Probing Enzyme Phosphoester Interactions by Combining Mutagenesis and Chemical Modification of Phosphate Ester Oxygens
Authors: Stivers James T. , Nagarajan Rajesh
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multidimensional Tunneling, Recrossing, and the Transmission Coefficient for Enzymatic Reaction
Authors: Pu Jingzhi , Gao Jiali , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanisms and Free Energies of Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: Gao Jiali , Ma Shuhua , Major Dan T. , Nam Kwangho , Pu Jingzhi , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzymatic Mechanisms of Phosphate and Sulfate Transfer
Authors: Cleland W. Wallace , Hengge Alvan C.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanism‐Based Profiling of Enzyme Families
Authors: Evans Michael J. , Cravatt Benjamin F.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular and Crystal Design of Nonlinear Optical Organic Materials
Authors: Suponitsky K. Yu. , Timofeeva T. V. , Antipin M. Yu.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Online Coupling of Solid‐Phase Microextraction and Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Liu Zhen , Pawliszyn Janusz
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Using Xplor‐NIH for NMR Molecular Structure Determination
Authors: Schwieters Charles D. , Kuszewski John J. , Clore G. Marius
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Push‐Pull Alkenes: Structure and π‐Electron Distribution
Authors: Kleinpeter Erich
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Configuration and error ratio performance of M‐QAM whose number of signal points is not a power of 2
Authors: Noda Seiichi , Saito Yoichi , Yoshida Teruaki
Published: October 2006

This study examines the practicality of M‐quadrature amplitude modulation (M‐QAM) where the number of signal points M is not a power of two. A practical problem is the complexity of the configuration because one symbol in an M‐QAM signal does not correspond to an integer number of bits, and the symbol error does not simply convert to the bit error. Therefore, from the perspective of simplifying the configuration and minimizing bit error rate (BER) properties, multidimensional encoding (binary/M‐ary conversion) for converting a binary sequence to correlated symbols is proposed and the theoretical formulas of the symbol error rate (SER) and the bit error rate (BER) are clarified. SER properties of 40QAM, 44QAM, 48QAM, 56QAM, and 60QAM fall between 32QAM and 64QAM. The configuration of a QAM scheme where the number of signal points becomes 3 × 2p−1 where p is an integer greater than or equal to 3 is shown, as are theoretical values for the SER properties of 12QAM and 24QAM in particular. Also shown are the theoretical values of the BER properties with and without differential encoding; these are verified with a computer simulation. A discussion based on these results concerns the effectiveness of M‐QAM in the sense of expanding decision branches for adaptive modulation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(2): 46–57, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20269
A proposal of VoIP quality assurance method by admission control
Authors: Nasuno Yutaka , Konno Susumu , Iwaya Yukio , Kinoshita Tetsuo , Arai Ken Ichi
Published: October 2006

Recently, the use of VoIP, which is a voice communication service based on an IP network, has been spreading rapidly. However, the quality of service of VoIP has not currently reached the quality of service of a conventional circuit‐switched network due to the technical features of an IP network. For IP networks to replace conventional circuit‐switched networks in the future, various types of present‐day problems must be resolved. Therefore, the authors propose a method of performing admission control for VoIP call setup requests to assure voice quality according to management of the number of VoIP sessions based on the assumption that the quality of a fixed capacity is assured according to VoIP priority control in addition to the packet‐level quality provisions of ITU‐T Recommendation Y.1541. They also show experimental results concerning the VoIP quality of service measurement indices required by this proposal, the effectiveness of admission control, and the monitor for the number of VoIP sessions and discuss contributions to standardization for promoting more widespread use of the VoIP quality assurance method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(2): 12–22, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20331
PIV measurement and turbulence scale in turbulent combustion
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Inoue Satoshi , Yamashita Hiroshi , Shimokuri Daisuke , Ishizuka Satoru , Onuma Yoshiaki
Published: October 2006

We have investigated turbulent combustion by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. Comparing with LDV data, the validity of PIV measurements has been confirmed. Particularly, the conditions of sampling number and spatial resolution have been shown to yield reliable data using PIV. Based on the velocity fields in cold flow and combustion, the interaction between flame and flow has been discussed. It was observed that the flow field is changed by combustion and the turbulence is reduced. In order to determine statistical quantities such as mean velocity and RMS of velocity fluctuation, a sampling number of 1000 is needed. Moreover, the velocity correlation coefficient was evaluated to obtain the integral length scale of the flow. For both cold flow and combustion, the PIV estimated scale is very close to that of LDV based on the assumption of Taylor's hypothesis. As a result, the spatial resolution in this study is about 6 times smaller than the integral length scale. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(7): 501–512, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20129
Simple method to support optimization of layouts for vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) for refrigerators
Authors: Kudoh Mitsuo , Ohira Akiyoshi , Nakamura Hirokazu , Araki Kuninari
Published: October 2006

We proposed a technique of analysis that supports the optimization of layouts for vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) for refrigerators, using a one‐dimensional technique of calculation to simulate the heat loss caused by VIP envelope materials. VIP thermal characteristics were described by approximating system efficiency by using the panels' average length (Lp). We compared this simplified method to three‐dimensional numerical analysis of 1 to 6µm thick, vacuum‐packed aluminum foil and 1.5 to 6 mW/mK thermally conductive heat‐insulated core materials, and verified them to be within a 1% margin of error. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(7): 451–463, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20132
Prospective study of body mass index, height, physical activity and incidence of bladder cancer in US men and women
Authors: Holick Crystal N. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Stampfer Meir J. , Michaud Dominique S.
Published: October 2006

We evaluated prospectively the association between body mass index (BMI), height, recreational physical activity and the risk of bladder cancer among US adults. Data were used from 2 ongoing cohorts, the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study and the Nurses' Health Study, with 3,542,012 years of follow‐up and 866 incident bladder cancer cases (men = 507; women = 359) for the anthropometric analysis and 1,890,476 years of follow‐up and 706 incident bladder cancer cases (men = 502; women = 204) for the physical activity analysis. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between BMI, height, physical activity and bladder cancer risk adjusting for age, pack‐years of cigarette smoking and current smoking. Estimates from each cohort were pooled using a random‐effects model. We observed no association between baseline BMI and bladder cancer risk, even when we compared a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 to a BMI of 18–22.9 kg/m2 [pooled multivariate (MV) RR, 1.16; 95% CI: 0.89–1.52]. A weak, but statistically significant, association was observed for the same comparison after excluding bladder cancer cases diagnosed within the first 4 years of follow‐up (pooled MV RR, 1.33; 95% CI: 1.01–1.76). Height was not related to bladder cancer risk (pooled MV RR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.65–1.03, top vs. bottom quintile). Total recreational physical activity also was not associated with the risk of bladder cancer (pooled MV RR, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.77–1.24, top vs. bottom quintile). Our findings do not support a role for BMI, height or physical activity in bladder carcinogenesis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined human papillomavirus DNA and human papillomavirus‐like particle serologic assay to identify women at risk for high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Einstein Mark H. , Studentsov Yevgeniy Y. , Ho Gloria Y.F. , Fazzari Melissa , Marks Morgan , Kadish Anna S. , Goldberg Gary L. , Runowicz Carolyn D. , Burk Robert D.
Published: October 2006

The objective of this study was to assess the utility of a second generation human papillomavirus (HPV) virus‐like particle (VLP)‐based ELISA as an adjunct to HPV DNA testing to identify women at risk for high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Participants provided blood, cervical samples and interviewer‐obtained questionnaire information. HPV VLPs for types 16, 18, 33, 45 and 52 were produced using a baculovirus expression system. These highly purified VLPs were used in a polymer‐based ELISA test. Cases with biopsy‐confirmed CIN (CIN I, n = 237; CIN II, n = 56; CIN III, n = 48) and controls (n = 351) with normal Pap smears were tested for HPV DNA by PCR and serologic response to multiple oncogenic HPV VLPs. 258/341 (76%) of cases and 230/351 (65.5%) of control patients had any type of HPV VLP antibody (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.16–2.30). More cases were seropositive than controls for each individual HPV type (p < 0.001 for HPV types 16, 18, 33 and 45; p = 0.06 for HPV 52). Reactivity to an increasing number of different HPV type‐specific VLPs are associated with high‐grade CIN independent of HPV DNA status. HPV VLP assays may be useful as an adjunct to HPV DNA testing in a subset of patients that needs to be defined by further studies. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SPAN‐XB core promoter sequence is regulated in myeloma cells by specific CpG dinucleotides associated with the MeCP2 protein
Authors: Wang Zhiqing , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yana , Srivenugopal Kalkunte S. , Lim Seah H.
Published: October 2006

SPAN‐Xb is a novel cancer‐testis antigen in multiple myeloma. We recently demonstrated that SPAN‐Xb expression in myeloma cells is regulated through promoter methylation and could be upregulated by IL‐7 and GM‐CSF. In this present study, we set out to investigate the mechanism of SPAN‐XB expression and the promoter association with the methyl‐CpG binding protein (MeCP2). Elucidation of these interactions is likely shed light on potential therapeutic strategies to upregulate antigen levels for SPAN‐Xb‐based tumor vaccines. Using a panel of truncated promoter constructs, we localize the core sequence of SPAN‐XB promoter to the 73 bp at the 3′ end of the promoter, a region within the full length promoter that lacks CpG dinucleotides. Reporter gene expression assays showed that the core promoter function is significantly modulated by the adjacent CpG sequences. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed a specific association of MeCP2 with the promoter, and MeCP2 binding strongly correlated with repression of SPAN‐XB gene. Reactivation of the SPAN‐XB gene by 5‐azacytidine treatment resulted in the loss of MeCP2 from this site. We, therefore, conclude that SPAN‐XB core promoter function in myeloma cells is associated with MeCP2 protein binding and regulated by specific CpG dinucleotide sequences. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zooplankton Distribution Related to Environmental Factors and Phytoplankton in a Shallow Tropical Lake (Lake Guiers, Senegal, West Africa)
Authors: Kâ Samba , Pagano Marc , Bâ Nganssoumana , Bouvy Marc , Leboulanger Christophe , Arfi Robert , Thiaw Omar T. , Ndour El Hadji M. , Corbin Daniel , Defaye Danielle , Cuoc Corinne , Kouassi Ernest
Published: October 2006

The chemical and biological characteristics of Lake Guiers (Senegal) have changed markedly since the impoundment of the Senegal River (Diama and Manantali dams) and subsequent development of irrigated agriculture in the nineteen eighties. On a longitudinal transect of 10 stations (from south to north), the environmental characteristics and the spatial variability of physicochemical variables, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were studied. Within a marked south‐north gradient, the southern stations were characterized by the highest conductivity and pH and by the lowest values of suspended solids, chlorophyll‐a concentrations and phytoplankton abundance (mainly Chlorophycea, Cyanobacteria and Bacillariophycea). The spatial distribution of zooplankton showed a clear distinction between the southern zone, characterized by the presence of the rotifers Brachionus falcatus and Conochiloides sp., the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris, the cyclopoid Thermocyclops neglectus and the calanoid Pseudodiaptomus hessei. A co‐inertia analysis clearly showed that environmental factors and phytoplankton drives the spatial distribution of zooplankton communities. The comparison of our data with previous studies suggests a marked change in the biological communities since the impoundment of the Senegal River, with rarefaction of P. hessei and proliferation of the cyclopoid Mesocyclops ogunnus. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain these biological changes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aquatic Macrophyte Approach to Assess the Impact of Disturbances on the Diversity of the Ecosystem and on River Quality
Authors: Thiébaut Gabrielle
Published: October 2006

Disturbance has long been recognized as an important determinant of community characteristics in aquatic systems. The aims of our study were to evaluate the impact of different disturbances on the macrophyte diversity and on river quality. To this end, we investigated the floristic composition for different stretches impacted by disturbances and we tested both diversity indices and the trophic index (IBMR) “Biological Index Macrophytes in Rivers” in the Moselle river (NE of France). The river was divided into four sections of different lengths based on uniformity of morphological characteristics, substrate conditions and flowing velocity: the upper, the wild, the resectioned and the downstream Moselle. Floristic composition and water chemical parameters were analysed from 1999 to 2001. The man‐made increase of nutrient concentration favoured the floristic richness in the last sites of the upper Moselle, whereas river dynamics and floods did not allow the development of vegetation in the wild Moselle. Disturbances caused by industrial sewage and eutrophication allowed the spreading of pollu‐tolerant and riparian alien species. The aquatic macrophyte approach is a useful means to detect impact of disturbances on diversity and on river quality. However, it was not effective in assessing disturbances such as flood overflow or chemical pollution. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evidence‐based sepsis therapy: A hospitalist perspective
Authors: Jenkins Ian
Published: October 2006

BACKGROUND

Severe sepsis and septic shock are common and associated with a 30–50% mortality rate. Evidence‐based therapies for severe sepsis supported by international critical care and infectious disease societies exist, but are inconsistently employed.

METHODS

The epidemiology and definitions of sepsis syndromes are reviewed; sepsis therapies supported by definitive studies in the field, along with the supporting literature, are summarized and presented from a hospitalist perspective.

CONCLUSIONS

Compelling observational data supports the importance of early, effective antibiotics. Well‐designed randomized controlled trials and/or meta‐analyses demonstrate the impact of activated protein C, early goal‐directed therapy, stress‐dose steroids, and intensive insulin in well‐defined subgroups of patients. These therapies reduce the absolute mortality risk associated with severe sepsis by 9.5–16%; the corresponding numbers needed to treat to save one life are 6.25–10.5. While major trials are ongoing and the evidence for several sepsis therapies are limited to single trials, the available evidence indicates that appropriate use of these treatments can substantially reduce mortality from severe sepsis. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2006;1:285–295.
Role of MRI in screening women at high risk for breast cancer
Authors: Lehman Constance D.
Published: October 2006

Breast cancer is diagnosed in over one million women worldwide every year. Until breast cancer can be prevented, early detection offers the best chance for cure. Mammographic screening is an effective method for early detection in average‐risk women. However, the sensitivity of mammography is decreased in women at high risk for breast cancer. Because of its high sensitivity, multiple investigators have studied the potential role of MRI in screening women at high risk. In the past few years, results from eight major clinical trials exploring breast MRI as a screening tool have been published. Combined, the studies included 4271 patients and found 144 breast cancers detected by MRI, for an overall cancer yield of 3%. The sensitivity of MRI ranged from 71% to 100% across the studies. Although its reported specificity was variable, the call‐back rates and risk of benign biopsies were within acceptable limits. In general, patients who underwent breast MRI screening had a 10% risk of being called back, and a 5% risk of having a benign biopsy. This work reviews the literature and current practices and recommendations for MRI as a screening tool for high‐risk women. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survivin expression levels as independent predictors of survival for osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Osaka Eiji , Suzuki Takashi , Osaka Shunzo , Yoshida Yukihiro , Sugita Hideyuki , Asami Satoru , Tabata Keiichi , Sugitani Masahiko , Nemoto Norimichi , Ryu Junnosuke
Published: October 2006

Survivin expression has been detected in various cancers and correlations have been recognized between the level of expression of this gene in tumors and prognosis. However, the aforementioned authors did not evaluate correlations between prognosis and survivin expression levels using surgically resected samples. In this study, we retrospectively investigated outcomes by examining the correlations between expression of this gene and clinicopathological parameters. Biopsy and resected specimens from which paraffin‐embedded tissues could be extracted, were available from 16 patients in our hospital. We used the RT‐PCR method and conducted a densitometric analysis to determine the ratio of survivin relative to h‐GAPDH as an internal marker. Expression of survivin mRNA was detected in all samples. There was a significant negative correlation between survivin expression levels and duration of follow up, in months, using the Spearman's rank for the initial biopsy samples (rho=−0.775, p<0.01) and those obtained after chemotherapy (rho=−0.687, p<0.01). Moreover, Cox multivariate regression identified the survivin expression levels in both biopsy and post‐chemotherapy samples as independent predictors of survival. We conclude that survivin levels in both initial biopsy and post‐chemotherapy samples are useful prognostic indicators. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:116–121, 2007
Evolution of the late Quaternary San Gregorio Magno tectono‐karstic basin (southern Italy) inferred from geomorphological, tephrostratigraphical and palaeoecological analyses: tectonic implications
Authors: Aiello G. , Ascione A. , Barra D. , Munno R. , Petrosino P. , Ermolli E. Russo , Villani F.
Published: October 2006

The Pantano di San Gregorio Magno is a 4.7 km2 large tectono‐karstic basin located in the axial belt of the Southern Apennines, an area affected by intense seismicity. The basin was formed in the Middle Pleistocene and is presently undissected. It is filled by lacustrine sediments (clays, silts and pyroclastic sands) passing laterally into alluvial fan deposits. Geomorphological investigations were integrated with tephrostratigraphical, palynological and palaeoecological analyses of a 61 m thick core (not reaching the bedrock). The multiproxy analysis of the S. Gregorio Magno record shows that, over the last 200k yr, the basin hosted a freshwater lake with an oscillating level. Age constraints provided by the tephrostratigraphic record allowed estimation of the sedimentation rate, which varied strongly through time. Evolution of the basin resulted from the complex combination of tectonic subsidence, karst processes and changing amounts of sedimentary inputs. The latter was influenced by allogenic contributions related both to primary and reworked volcanoclastic inputs and was climate‐driven. The overall evidence, which indicates that in the long‐term the accumulation rate substantially counterbalanced the accommodation space created by faulting, suggests that the basin evolution was also modulated by changing subsidence rates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FT‐Raman spectroscopy of pigments on a Hindu statue,Kali Walking on Siva
Authors: Edwards H. G. M. , Beale E. , Garrington N. C. , Alia J.–M.
Published: October 2006

FT‐Raman spectroscopic analysis of eight pigmented specimens from an important Hindu statue group,Kali Walking on Siva, acquired in 1895 but of indeterminate age and now in the Horniman Museum, London, has revealed some interesting and unusual combinations of coloured pigments including cinnabar, minium,lapis lazuliand red ochre. Several specimens showed evidence of organic additives, which have been attributed to shellac resins commonly believed to have been used on this type of statuary. The Raman spectroscopic results confirm that the predominant black pigment on theKalifigure is lamp black or soot, in contrast to the SEM‐EDX data that suggests the origin of this pigment as from bone black or ivory black from the presence of phosphorus. An eclectic range of white pigments have been identified in this group including lead white, barytes, calcite and anhydrite; rutile and anatase found on one specimen on thejackalin this group have been ascribed to recent unrecorded restoration. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of ethyl carbamate in soy sauce consumed in Korea and estimated daily intakes by age
Authors: Koh Eunmi , Kwon Hoonjeong
Published: October 2006

To estimate the daily intake of ethyl carbamate (EC, a possible human carcinogen) from soy sauce consumed in Korea, 136 soy sauce samples were collected from various regions and analysed by gas chromatography/selected ion mode mass spectrometry (GC/SIM‐MS). The distribution of EC varied significantly among samples, ranging from not detected to 128.9 µg kg−1, with the highest level in Japanese‐style soy sauce. Based on individual intakes in the Complementary Report on 1998 National Health and Nutrition Survey and EC contents analysed in the present study, the contribution of soy sauce to EC intake was estimated by multiplying the mean concentration of EC by individual soy sauce intake data. Daily intakes of EC kg−1 body weight by high consumers were particularly high in age groups 1–2 years (78.59 ng), 3–6 years (86.37 ng), 50–64 years (86.24 ng) and ≥ 65 years (76.86 ng). Based on a benchmark dose confidence limit (BMDL) of 0.3 mg EC kg−1 body weight day−1, the margin of exposure (MOE) calculated from the daily intake of EC in soy sauce for high consumers ranged from 3488 to 7317, which is of concern. Daily EC intakes are likely to be exceeded in groups who consume other fermented foods as well as alcoholic beverages. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation and characterization of embryonic stem cell‐like cells from in vitro‐produced buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos
Authors: Verma V. , Gautam S.K. , Singh B. , Manik R.S. , Palta P. , Singla S.K. , Goswami S.L. , Chauhan M.S.
Published: October 2006

This study was carried out to isolate and characterize buffalo embryonic stem (ES) cell‐like cells from in vitro‐produced embryos. Inner cell mass (ICM) cells were isolated either mechanically or by enzymatic digestion from 120 blastocysts whereas 28 morulae were used for the isolation of blastomeres mechanically. The ICM cells/ blastomeres were cultured on mitomycin‐C‐treated feeder layer. Primary cell colony formation was higher (P < 0.05) for hatched blastocysts (73.1%, 30/41) than that for early/expanded blastocysts (25.3%, 20/79). However, no primary cell colonies were formed when blastomeres obtained from morulae were cultured. Primary colonies were formed in 14.1% (12/85) of intact blastocyst culture, which was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of 41.6% for ICM culture. These colonies were separated by enzymatic or mechanical disaggregation. Using mechanical disaggregation method, the cells remained undifferentiated and two buffalo ES cell‐like cell lines (bES1, bES2) continued to grow in culture up to eight passages. However, disassociation through enzymatic method resulted in differentiation. Undifferentiated cells exhibited stem cell morphological features, normal chromosomal morphology, and expressed specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase (AP) and Oct‐4. Cells formed embryoid bodies (EBs) in suspension culture; extended culture of EBs resulted in formation of cystic EBs. Following prolonged in vitro culture, these cells differentiated into several types of cells including neuron‐like and epithelium‐like cells. Furthermore, the vitrified‐thawed ES cell‐like cells also exhibited typical stem cell characteristics. In conclusion, buffalo ES cell‐like cells could be isolated from in vitro‐produced blastocysts and maintained in vitro for prolonged periods of time. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 520–529, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parallel RF transmission with eight channels at 3 Tesla
Authors: Setsompop Kawin , Wald Lawrence L. , Alagappan Vijayanand , Gagoski Borjan , Hebrank Franz , Fontius Ulrich , Schmitt Franz , Adalsteinsson Elfar
Published: October 2006

Spatially selective RF waveforms were designed and demonstrated for parallel excitation with a dedicated eight‐coil transmit array on a modified 3T human MRI scanner. Measured excitation profiles of individual coils in the array were used in a low‐flip‐angle pulse design to achieve desired spatial target profiles with two‐ (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) k‐space excitation with simultaneous transmission of RF on eight channels. The 2D pulse excited a high‐resolution spatial pattern in‐plane, while the 3D trajectory produced high‐quality slice selection with a uniform in‐plane excitation despite the highly nonuniform individual spatial profiles of the coil array. The multichannel parallel RF excitation was used to accelerate the 2D excitation by factors of 2–8, and experimental results were in excellent agreement with simulations based on the measured coil maps. Parallel RF transmission may become critical for robust and routine human studies at very high field strengths where B1 inhomogeneity is commonly severe. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatic UDP‐glucose 13C isotopomers from [U‐13C]glucose: A simple analysis by 13C NMR of urinary menthol glucuronide
Authors: Mendes Ana C. , Caldeira M. Madalena , Silva Claudia , Burgess Shawn C. , Merritt Matthew E. , Gomes Filipe , Barosa Cristina , Delgado Teresa C. , Franco Fatima , Monteiro Pedro , Providencia Luis , Jones John G.
Published: October 2006

Menthol glucuronide was isolated from the urine of a healthy 70‐kg female subject following ingestion of 400 mg of peppermint oil and 6 g of 99% [U‐13C]glucose. Glucuronide 13C‐excess enrichment levels were 4–6% and thus provided high signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) for confident assignment of 13C‐13C spin‐coupled multiplet components within each 13C resonance by 13C NMR. The [U‐13C]glucuronide isotopomer derived via direct pathway conversion of [U‐13C]glucose to [U‐13C]UDP‐glucose was resolved from [1,2,3‐13C3]‐ and [1,2‐13C2]glucuronide isotopomers derived via Cori cycle or indirect pathway metabolism of [U‐13C]glucose. In a second study, a group of four overnight‐fasted patients (63 ± 10 kg) with severe heart failure were given peppermint oil and infused with [U‐13C]glucose for 4 hr (14 mg/kg prime, 0.12 mg/kg/min constant infusion) resulting in a steady‐state plasma [U‐13C]glucose enrichment of 4.6% ± 0.6%. Menthol glucuronide was harvested and glucuronide 13C‐isotopomers were analyzed by 13C NMR. [U‐13C]glucuronide enrichment was 0.6% ± 0.1%, and the sum of [1,2,3‐13C3] and [1,2‐13C2]glucuronide enrichments was 0.9% ± 0.2%. From these data, flux of plasma glucose to hepatic UDPG was estimated to be 15% ± 4% that of endogenous glucose production (EGP), and the Cori cycle accounted for at least 32% ± 10% of GP. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimentally‐derived functional form for a population‐averaged high‐temporal‐resolution arterial input function for dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Parker Geoff J.M. , Roberts Caleb , Macdonald Andrew , Buonaccorsi Giovanni A. , Cheung Sue , Buckley David L. , Jackson Alan , Watson Yvonne , Davies Karen , Jayson Gordon C.
Published: October 2006

Rapid T1‐weighted 3D spoiled gradient‐echo (GRE) data sets were acquired in the abdomen of 23 cancer patients during a total of 113 separate visits to allow dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) analysis of tumor microvasculature. The arterial input function (AIF) was measured in each patient at each visit using an automated AIF extraction method following a standardized bolus administration of gadodiamide. The AIFs for each patient were combined to obtain a mean AIF that is representative for any individual. The functional form of this general AIF may be useful for studies in which AIF measurements are not possible. Improvements in the reproducibility of DCE‐MRI model parameters (Ktrans, ve, and vp) were observed when this new, high‐temporal‐resolution population AIF was used, indicating the potential for increased sensitivity to therapy‐induced change. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multicommodity flow problems with a bounded number of paths: A flow deviation approach
Authors: Duhamel Christophe , Mahey Philippe
Published: October 2006

We propose a modified version of the Flow Deviation method of Fratta, Gerla, and Kleinrock to solve multicommodity problems with minimal congestion and a bounded number of active paths. We discuss the approximation of the min–max objective function by a separable convex potential function and give a mixed‐integer nonlinear model for the constrained routing problem. Heuristic control of the path generation is then embedded in the original algorithm based on the concepts of cleaning the quasi inactive paths and reducing the flow width for each commodity. Numerical experiments show the validity of the approach for realistic medium‐sized networks associated with routing problems in broadband communication networks with multiple protocols and label‐switched paths (MPLS). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 49(1), 80–89 2007
Synthesis and properties of star‐shaped polymers by the ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic carbonate initiated with a trifunctional, poly(ethylene glycol)‐based surfactant
Authors: Morinaga Hisatoyo , Ochiai Bungo , Endo Takeshi
Published: October 2006

Amphiphilic, star‐shaped copolymers were synthesized by the ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate initiated with a trifunctional, poly(ethylene glycol)‐based surfactant (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) in the absence of any catalysts. The metal‐ and solvent‐free polymerization proceeded at 150 °C and afforded polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate‐block‐poly(trimethylene carbonate) with number‐average molecular weights of 4500–11,900 in excellent yields. The copolymers successfully dispersed in a water/ethyl acetate (10/1 v/v) mixture, and the uniform suspension could contain a hydrophobic pigment and pyrene. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6633–6639, 2006
Improved beta‐protein structure prediction by multilevel optimization of nonlocal strand pairings and local backbone conformation
Authors: Bradley Philip , Baker David
Published: October 2006

Proteins with complex, nonlocal beta‐sheets are challenging for de novo structure prediction, due in part to the difficulty of efficiently sampling long‐range strand pairings. We present a new, multilevel approach to beta‐sheet structure prediction that circumvents this difficulty by reformulating structure generation in terms of a folding tree. Nonlocal connections in this tree allow us to explicitly sample alternative beta‐strand pairings while simultaneously exploring local conformational space using backbone torsion‐space moves. An iterative, energy‐biased resampling strategy is used to explore the space of beta‐strand pairings; we expect that such a strategy will be generally useful for searching large conformational spaces with a high degree of combinatorial complexity. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.