bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre limites geográficos e pedagógicos: organização do trabalho escolar nas escolas isoladas e nos grupos escolares (São Paulo, 1892-1950)
Authors: Oriani Angélica Pall
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar as diferenciações operadas no âmbito das políticas educacionais paulistas entre escolas isoladas e grupos escolares. Para tal, analisa-se a organização do trabalho escolar considerando as orientações oficiais a respeito das ordenações espaço- -temporais e das matérias dos programas de ensino para essas instituições. A delimitação cronológica compreende o período entre 1892, ano de publicação da primeira prescrição oficial sobre a ordenação temporal escolar, e 1950, ano de publicação do último programa de ensino destinado às escolas de ensino primário. Constatou-se que os processos de institucionalização e de expansão da escola primária desenvolveram-se distinguindo essas instituições a partir de critérios geográficos e pedagógicos, os quais separavam a escola multisseriada rural da escola graduada urbana e que, por essa razão, diferentes grupos sociais puderam se apropriar de distintas formas de escolarização.
Programa educativo sobre úlcera por pressão com equipes de enfermagem
Authors: Baron Miriam Viviane , Gaya Anelise Reis , Krug Suzane Beatriz Frantz
Published: October 2018

Descrevem-se os principais aspectos vivenciados durante o desenvolvimento de programa educativo sobre úlceras por pressão com equipes de enfermagem atuantes em duas unidades de terapia intensiva do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de um relato de experiência. Os dados e informações referem-se ao período entre maio e agosto de 2014. Descrevem-se questões institucionais e pessoais envolvidas durante a realização do programa educativo. Os aspectos negativos relacionam-se à demanda de trabalho, à realização do programa educativo durante o expediente e ao espaço físico. A temática, a metodologia e as estratégias empregadas evidenciam motivação e interesse pelo aperfeiçoamento e ótima adesão, revelando feedback da percepção favorável como sendo aspectos positivos. Constatam-se obstáculos institucionais e pessoais que podem comprometer a qualidade assistencial pertinente à prevenção das úlceras por pressão. Sendo assim, sugere-se compromisso compartilhado entre equipe interdisciplinar e instituições para superar as barreiras na assistência.
Educação em direitos humanos e democracia: história, trajetórias e desafios nos quinze anos do PNEDH
Authors: Zenaide Maria de Nazaré Tavares
Published: October 2018

Apresenta-se um balanço dos quinze anos de Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos no Brasil. Constrói-se a análise a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além da observação participante. Reconstrói-se uma linha do tempo da Educação em Direitos Humanos na América Latina e no Brasil de 1993 a 2018. No âmbito nacional, pretende-se construir um balanço do processo de formulação e implementação da Política de Educação em Direitos Humanos no Brasil no período da redemocratização. São quinze anos de avanços e dificuldades a serem identificados, reconhecidos e valorizados do Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos no Brasil.
Um instante da presença política e sindical dos professores maranhenses na história social da educação brasileira (1985-1986)
Authors: Bauer Carlos , Dantas Vanessa Amorim
Published: October 2018

Lançando mão de fontes primárias provenientes de matérias jornalísticas, fotografias, entrevistas e documentos sindicais, o artigo tem como objetivo reconstruir os caminhos da primeira greve dos professores públicos maranhenses, de forma crítica e contextualizada, além de trazer à tona alguns aspectos da trajetória histórica da formação e da consolidação do movimento docente no Maranhão, identificando as condições objetivas e subjetivas que desencadearam as mobilizações contra o patronato governamental. Esse movimento paredista foi deflagrado em 1º de novembro de 1985, com adesão de perto de cem por cento da categoria pertencente aos quadros da rede estadual de ensino e contou com o destacado papel da Associação de Professores do Estado do Maranhão na urdidura e no desenvolvimento desse significativo instante histórico educacional.
O lúdico como atividade discursiva e como uma via para a formação do leitor: e relato de pesquisa em uma escola pública em Fortaleza-CE
Authors: Quixada Luciana Martins , Lins Sylvie Ghislaine Delacours Soares , Tavares Ana Carolina Pontes
Published: October 2018

Visa-se problematizar sobre a formação do leitor criança, no que se refere a uma aprendizagem significativa da leitura, considerando a brincadeira como um meio para tal. Como autores centrais, consultaram-se Vygotsky, Bakhtin e Leontiev. Parte-se da compreensão de que os processos desse tipo de aprendizagem envolvem tanto a atividade do aprendiz como também as trocas discursivas que a permeiam. Portanto, o ambiente escolar na educação infantil deve promover condições de participação coletiva à criança, por exemplo, pela via lúdica, mediante as quais ela atue para construir e atribuir sentido às novas aprendizagens. Apresenta-se como as crianças relacionam-se de maneira lúdica com o livro e a especial atenção dada por elas ao “livro-jogo”, através de uma pesquisa realizada acerca do acesso à literatura infantil em uma escola pública da cidade de Fortaleza-CE.
Intolerância religiosa, educação e diálogo: Geografia escolar e os dilemas do cotidiano
Authors: Rocha Marcos da Silva , Oliveira Christian Dennys Monteiro de
Published: October 2018

É sabendo como a intolerância religiosa consiste em uma problemática pulsante na sociedade atual e tendo conhecimento também do papel da escola frente a resolução de conflitos que o presente trabalho visa pontuar os resultados da discussão sobre a intolerância religiosa em uma escola de ensino médio. Para isso, dialogamos com textos clássicos sobre tolerância como a Carta sobre Tolerância, de Locke (2010), a Declaração de Princípios sobre a Tolerância, da Unesco (1995) e o trabalho acerca da Teologia da Tolerância, de Debiasi (2011). Além disso, partimos também da noção de que o aluno é indivíduo religioso (ou não religioso) e vive em um bairro onde também irão existir casos de intolerância religiosa. A metodologia proposta se baseia na triangulação dos dados obtidos com questionários aplicados com os estudantes, a leitura do Projeto Político--Pedagógico da Escola e os resultados de uma atividade mediada sobre o tema.
El fútbol como estrategia para el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional del alumnado de educación primaria: una experiencia didáctica
Authors: García David Marcías , Lopez Ignacio González , Eslava-Suanes María Dolores
Published: October 2018

Se presenta una experiencia práctica llevada a cabo en el CEIP Bernardo Barco (La Campana, Sevilla) con el alumnado de 6º de educación primaria, basada en el desarrollo y en la adquisición de actitudes y valores positivos que vayan encaminados al desarrollo de nuevos aprendizajes vinculados con la inteligencia emocional. Las actividades desarrolladas a lo largo de las seis semanas de implantación de la propuesta didáctica han revelado que existe un aumento de las conductas positivas y de la mejora de los valores y el trabajo en equipo, lo cual repercute positivamente en el clima de aula de esta y las demás asignaturas en las que participa el alumnado. El trabajo a través de los componentes básicos de la inteligencia emocional utilizando como eje conductor el fútbol ha permitido dotar al alumnado de herramientas de trabajo en grupo, habilidades comunicativas, herramientas para la resolución de conflictos y estrategias para la toma de decisiones.
Como educar os filhos na casa: a educação doméstica no jornal a Mãi de familia
Authors: Vasconcelos Maria Celi Chaves , Paiva Priscila Pedro
Published: October 2018

O estudo trata da educação doméstica na Província do Rio de Janeiro, na segunda metade do oitocentos, com foco nas matérias publicadas no Jornal A Mãi de Familia. O objetivo central refere-se à análise dos editoriais e artigos que aludem a essa forma de educar crianças e jovens, examinando aspectos discutidos pelo redator-chefe do jornal, o médico Carlos Costa e seus colaboradores. A metodologia utilizada remete a uma pesquisa qualitativa, histórico-documental, cujas fontes são, essencialmente, os exemplares do jornal, no período em que circulou de janeiro de 1879 a novembro de 1888. O diálogo teórico realizado enfatiza a imprensa no Brasil no século XIX, notadamente o estudo de periódicos destinados às famílias. Conclui-se que o Jornal A Mãi de Familia pretendia dar um estatuto de cientificidade ao cotidiano das mães e seus filhos, reconhecendo a importância da educação no ambiente doméstico e, por vezes, tecendo críticas às escolas existentes.
Narrativas de si na iniciação à docência: O PIBID como espaço e tempo formativos
Authors: Silva Fabrício Oliveira da , Rios Jane Adriana Vasconcelos Pacheco
Published: October 2018

Analisou-se a trajetória de iniciação à docência de uma bolsista do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência na Universidade do Estado da Bahia, objetivando compreender como o programa faculta a inserção do licenciando em Letras na dinâmica das práticas educativas. Apresentaram-se os objetivos do programa, a organização e as experiências da iniciação à docência narradas pela bolsista, refletindo-se sobre a sua trajetória formativa, as experiências vividas numa dupla dimensão do referido programa: a de se constituir como uma categoria de tempo formativo, bem como de lócus em que a iniciação à docência produz sentidos do ser professor pela complexidade e dinâmica da realidade escolar. Optou-se pela abordagem (auto)biográfica com base em autores que estudam a temática. O estudo mostrou que o mencionado programa favoreceu a inserção da licencianda no contexto do cotidiano da escola, o que possibilita desenvolvimento de experiências para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa.
A desvinculação das receitas da união (DRU) e suas implicações para o financiamento da educação básica
Authors: Mendes Priscila Kelly , Moreira Jani Alves da Silva
Published: October 2018

O texto apresenta uma análise documental sobre a Desvinculação das Receitas da União, desde sua criação em 1994 até a atualidade. Tem como objetivo explicitar as implicações da DRU para o financiamento da educação básica no Brasil ao longo de sua vigência, assim como compreender seus mecanismos de funcionamento. Para cumprir o proposto, apresentam-se os pressupostos históricos do financiamento para a educação básica no Brasil. Enfatiza-se como o financiamento da educação é impactado pela Desvinculação das Receitas da União e o quanto esse mecanismo de retirada de recurso financeiro contribuiu ou não para a efetivação da qualidade da educação pública básica no país. A pesquisa foi relevante por explicitar os mecanismos e manobras que resultam na diminuição do investimento dos recursos públicos para a educação básica.
Concepções de gênero e sexualidade d@s docentes do curso de licenciatura em pedagogia: por um currículo Queer
Authors: Rios Pedro Paulo Souza , Cardoso Helma de Melo , Dias Alfrancio Ferreira
Published: October 2018

O presente estudo tem por objetivo refletir acerca da concepção d@s docentes do curso de licenciatura em Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, campusde Itabaiana, sobre as temáticas: gênero, corpo e sexualidade. Utilizou-se a perspectiva teórica pós-crítica. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram docentes do referido curso, com @s quais foram aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. O estudo sinalizou que, nas últimas décadas, são perceptíveis alguns avanços em relação às temáticas abordadas. Contudo, as mesmas estão no campo da implicação epistemológica individual d@ docente, fato que sinaliza para a necessidade de uma mudança na estrutura curricular, incorporando posturas da pedagogia queer e propõe uma nova postura política, novas estratégias, atitudes, procedimentos pedagógicos subversivos, que demarcam as possibilidades de negociação na universidade.
Docência inicial em educação de jovens e adultos e a potência da narrativa como dispositivo de formação
Authors: Souza Maria Liliane Sant'Anna de , Fontoura Helena Amaral da
Published: October 2018

Objetiva-se refletir sobre as experiências de futuros professores em Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Utilizou-se o aporte (auto)biográfico pelo viés da pesquisa-formação, envolvendo os cotidianos da sala de aula e as narrativas dos estágios. As participantes da pesquisa narraram as experiências no caderno Bordado Formativo em EJA. Dialogou-se acerca da formação do educador da EJA, da trajetória social e pessoal dos sujeitos da pesquisa e das especificidades da formação para a EJA. Os autores que serviram de aporte referencial foram Josso, Souza e Fontoura. A metodologia (auto)biográfica contribuiu para a formação identitária docente em EJA das alunas e das pesquisadoras, fortaleceu as aulas e estágios em EJA e potencializou a escrita como processo autorreflexivo e conhecimento das individualidades e coletividades no percurso de formação.
Palco e resiliência: narrativas de artistas de teatro de Mossoró - RN
Authors: Souza Francisco das Chagas Silva , Pontes Joriana de Freitas , Moura Glaudênia Alves de
Published: October 2018

Considerando-se que o teatro pode proporcionar resiliência, ou seja, permitir que sujeitos apresentem um desenvolvimento positivo, mesmo após vivenciar desafios e circunstâncias desfavoráveis, realizamos entrevistas abertas com cinco atores de teatro de Mossoró com o objetivo de verificar o significado do teatro para as suas vidas. As entrevistas foram autorizadas, gravadas em áudio e transcritas para análise de conteúdo. Os entrevistados tiveram suas primeiras experiências com o teatro em instituições de educação formal em níveis diferentes. Seus relatos evidenciam a arte teatral como atividade potencializadora do ser humano, ao possibilitar uma auto formação e a construção de novos modos de ser e estar no mundo. O contato com o teatro permitiu aos artistas um processo de resiliência, visto que desenvolveu habilidades interpessoais e trouxe para eles, o amadurecimento dessas habilidades, levando-os à autoanálise e à capacidade criativa de solucionar ou conviver com os seus conflitos interiores.
Valores, educação infantil e desenvolvimento moral: concepções dos professores
Authors: Lima Juliana dos Santos , Santos Gilberto Lima dos
Published: October 2018

Na sociedade brasileira atual, a moralidade surge como um dos mais relevantes desafios às práticas educacionais. O estudo tem como objetivo compreender como os professores da educação infantil concebem os valores em relação às suas práticas pedagógicas e ao desenvolvimento moral das crianças. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que se utiliza a entrevista semiestruturada para a produção de informações. Os participantes são oito educadores da educação infantil. Eles atuam numa escola pública situada em Jaguarari, uma pequena cidade da Bahia. Os resultados mostram que os valores aparecem nos discursos e ações dos professores, assim como nas atividades que eles propõem aos alunos, embora tentem esquivar-se da responsabilidade. Os professores são cuidadosos na relação com os alunos, mas esta relação se processa de modo assimétrico e prioriza o dever, o respeito unilateral e a obediência. Isto significa que os professores assumem uma posição adultocêntrica em suas práticas.
As questões étnico - Raciais nas histórias em quadrinhos e as Práticas educativas na formação inicial docente
Authors: Oliveira Lívia Maria Serafim Duarte , Aragão Patrícia Cristina de
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir as questões étnico-raciais, no contexto da formação inicial docente, no ensino superior privado, a partir da utilização das histórias em quadrinhos. Optou-se por aplicar uma pesquisa no curso de licenciatura plena em Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, com polo em Campina Grande – Paraíba, devido à sua influência em formar professores para educação básica. A abordagem metodológica desta pesquisa configura-se de caráter qualitativo, do tipo pesquisa-ação, articulada a uma pesquisa bibliográfica. A utilização das histórias em quadrinhos no ensino superior, no contexto de formação inicial, propicia discussões de temática racial aos professores e uma prática educativa articulada com a teoria, por sua característica interdisciplinar, pois está ancorada em diferentes campos do conhecimento, proporcionando a compreensão de abordagens temáticas que versem sobre o povo negro, motivando, assim, uma aprendizagem crítica adaptada às diferentes realidades educacionais.
A prática pedagógica dos professores que lecionam a EJA no município de Ibirataia–BA
Authors: Silva Letícia Andrade , Santos Arlete Ramos dos
Published: October 2018

Este artigo faz um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado que teve como objetivo compreender a política Educacional de Jovens e Adultos nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental no município de Ibirataia, Bahia (SILVA, 2016). A questão da pesquisa foi: quais as percepções dos professores que lecionam a referida modalidade no município de Ibirataia sobre esta política educacional? Os dados foram colhidos através de análise de documentos, questionários e realização da técnica de Grupo Focal. A metodologia teve abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada em Bogdan e Biklen (1994) e Minayo (2000). A sistematização dos dados justifica-se na metodologia dialética e os resultados apontaram contradições que exigem várias ações e parcerias com órgãos de outros entes federados.
Educação e liberdade em Rousseau
Authors: Vasconcelos José Gerardo , Fialho Lia Machado Fiuza , Lopes Tânia Maria Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

O artigo objetiva problematizar a democracia e a liberdade, temas centrais na obra de Rousseau, articulando-as à política e a um modelo de educação libertária. Hermeneuticamente se enseja um percurso crítico e dialético entre a educação libertária e os questionamentos filosóficos. Mesmo integrando a Escola do Direito Natural Moderno, Rousseau demonstra que o surgimento da propriedade é produtor de desigualdade. Nesse caso, tem-se a necessidade de um pacto de associação que, limitando o Estado de guerra, possibilite a passagem do Estado de natureza ao Estado civil. Rousseau deixa a marca libertária na história da Filosofia e da Educação ao refletir acerca da liberdade e da democracia. Os mecanismos institucionais são, contudo, insuficientes para assegurar a verdadeira felicidade. Esse impasse filosófico suscitado ao estudar Rousseau (1995) permite inferir que ele foi o filósofo que iniciou uma nova ação pedagógica, fazendo com que o subjetivo fosse aclamado, as paixões avivadas e a natureza mais íntima do ser humano desvelada em toda sua magistral interioridade.
Kombinasi Gifshuffle, Enkripsi AES dan Kompresi Data Huffman untuk Meningkatkan Keamanan Data
Authors: Darwis Dedi , Prabowo Rizky , Hotimah Nurul
Published: October 2018

Informasi merupakan hal yang sangat berharga. Saat informasi atau data jatuh ke tangan yang tidak bertanggung jawab, maka akan menjadi bencana bagi pemiliknya. Berbagai macam cara dilakukan untuk melindungi data atau informasi. Teknik pengamanan data atau informasi telah berkembang dengan sangat pesat. Proses pengamanan pesan yang banyak beredar diataranya dengan menggunakan kriptografi dan steganografi. Dua teknik ini merupakan teknik yang berbeda maksud dan tujuannya. Kriptografi bertujuan untuk mengacak pesan supaya sulit dibaca oleh pihak yang tidak berkepentingan. Sedangakan steganografi bertujuan untuk menyembunyikan pesan.Pada penelitian ini akan menggabungkan teknik kriptografi metode AES dengan teknik steganografi metode gifsuffle. Teknik kriptografi metode AES akan digunakan untuk merubah data atau informasi yang berbentuk plain-text menjadi cipher-text. Selanjutnya cipher-text tesebut akan disembunyikan ke dalam gambar berformat gif dengan metode steganografi gifsuffle. Metode gifsuffle  akan dikombinasikan dengan algoritma huffman untuk memperbanyak pesan yang dikirimkan.Penelitian ini berhasil menggabungkan metode kriptografi AES dengan metode steganografi gifsuffle. Hasil pengujian imperceptibility menunjukkan 85% responden tidak dapat membedakan gambar asli dengan gambar yang telah disisipi pesan. Pemisahan gambar dengan pesan dapat dilakukan dengan akurasi 100% dan proses dekripsi pesan cipher-text menjadi plain-text juga dapat dilakukan dengan sempurna. AbstractInformation is a very valuable thing. When information or data falls into irresponsible hands, it will be disastrous for the owner. A variety of ways are done to protect data or information. Data security techniques have grown very rapidly. The process of securing a message that many circulated diataranya by using cryptography and steganography. These two techniques are different techniques of purpose and purpose. Cryptography aims to randomize messages to be difficult to read by unauthorized parties. While steganografi aims to hide the message.In this research combine AES cryptographic method and with gifsuffle steganography method. AES method will be used to convert data or information in the plain-text form into cipher-text form. Furthermore, the cipher-text will be hidden into gif-format images with gifsuffle steganography method. The gifsuffle method will be combined with the huffman algorithm to multiply the transmitted data.This research successfully combined AES cryptography method with gifsuffle steganography method. Imperceptibility test results show 85% of respondents can not distinguish original images with images that have been inserted data. Separation of images with data can be well done and the accuration reach 100%. Process of decrypting cipher-text into plain-text can also be done perfectly.
Floral larceny by the stingless bee Trigona amalthea on granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss)
Authors: Gutiérrez-Chacón Catalina , Pantoja-Santacruz Johanna , Klein Alexandra Maria
Published: October 2018

Floral larceny (robbery and thievery of nectar and/or pollen) by some species of stingless bees in the genus Trigona has been long reported for several plant species, although the consequences for plant reproduction are unknown for many cultivated species. Here we i) describe the behavior of Trigona amalthea Olivier in relation to flowers of granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss), ii) provide a preliminary assessment of fruit set in six experimental plots, one exposed to attacks by T. amalthea only (infested) and the other plots without attacks from any species (control plots), and iii) discuss potential strategies for preventing damage from T. amalthea based on species traits such as foraging range. We observed T. amalthea chewing styles and stigmas of both flower buds and mature flowers while primarily extracting pollen. Destruction of floral structures prior to ovule fertilization probably accounts for the significant reduction in fruit set in the infested plot compared to control plots, although replicated infested plots are required for robust confirmation. Moreover, negative effects may be intensified by the small size of the experimental plot. Further studies are needed to assess impacts on commercial plantations, including investigations into a potential dilution effect in larger crop fields, as well as plant mechanisms to cope with consumer damage (resistance and tolerance). Legitimate pollinators were found to cover larger distances than T. amalthea. Therefore, locating crop fields at optimal distances from bee nesting habitat might reduce damage by balancing bee services and disservices.
Syrphine hoverflies are effective pollinators of commercial strawberry
Authors: Hodgkiss Dylan , Brown Mark J.F. , Fountain Michelle T.
Published: October 2018

Recent declines in wild pollinators represent a significant threat to the sustained provision of pollination services. Insect pollinators are responsible for an estimated 45% of strawberry crop yields, which equates to a market value of approximately £99 million per year in the UK alone. As an aggregate flower with unconcealed nectaries, strawberries are attractive to a diverse array of flower-visiting insects. Syrphine hoverflies, which offer the added benefit of consuming aphids during their predatory larval stage, represent one such group of flower visitor, but the extent to which aphidophagous hoverflies are capable of pollinating strawberry flowers remains largely untested. In replicated cage experiments we tested the effectiveness of strawberry pollination by the aphidophagous hoverflies Episyrphus balteatus and Eupeodes latifasciatus, and a mix of four hoverfly taxa, when compared to hand pollination and insect pollinator exclusion. Hoverflies were released into cages, and the strawberry fruits that resulted from pollinated flowers were assessed for quality measures. Hoverfly visitation increased strawberry yields by over 70% and doubled the proportion of marketable fruit, highlighting the importance of hoverflies for strawberry pollination.  A comparison between two hoverfly species showed that Eupeodes latifasciatus visits to flowers produced marketable fruit at nearly double the rate of Episyrphus balteatus, demonstrating that species may differ in their pollination efficacy even within a subfamily. Thus, this study offers compelling evidence that aphidophagous syrphine hoverflies are effective pollinators of commercial strawberry and, as such, may be capable of providing growers with the dual benefit of pollination and aphid control.
Pollen transfer efficiency of Apocynum cannabinum (Apocynaceae): a comparative perspective
Authors: Livshultz Tatyana , Hochleitner Sonja , Lakata Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

Pollen transfer efficiency (PTE), the percentage of removed pollen delivered to conspecific stigmas, has been implicated in the morphological evolution, population dynamics, and lineage diversification of flowering plants. Pollinia, the aggregated contents of pollen sacs, present in Apocynaceae subfamilies Asclepiadoideae (milkweeds), Secamonoideae, and Periplocoideae and orchids (Orchidaceae), are the pre-eminent example of a plant trait that elevates PTE (to ca. 25%). However comparison of species with pollinia to “average” flowers (PTE ca. 1%) may over-estimate the gains from pollinia. We hypothesize that elevated PTE evolved in Apocynaceae prior to pollinia. We measured PTE and pollen to ovule ratio, a possible correlate of PTE, in Apocynum cannabinum, a milkweed relative with pollen tetrads (instead of pollinia) and simple bands of style head adhesive (instead of complex pollinium-carrying translators), comparing them to reports of other species collated from the literature. PTE of A. cannabinum is 7.9%, in the 24th percentile of reports for 35 milkweed species, but more than twice the highest PTE reported for a species with monads (3.4%). The bands of style head adhesive are functionally equivalent to the translators of milkweeds. The pollen to ovule ratio of A. cannabinum, at 19.8, is in the 94th percentile of ratios reported for milkweeds (mean 9.6). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that floral novelties of Apocynaceae that evolved prior to pollinia also promote aggregated pollen transport and elevated PTE.
Potential pollinators of understory populations of Symphonia globulifera in the Neotropics.
Authors: Sanfiorenzo Andre , Sanfiorenzo Manuel , Vargas Castro Ronald , Waits Lisette , Finegan Bryan
Published: October 2018

One difference between the forest canopy and the understory is that animals pollinate the majority of understory species in the tropical wet forest. Pollinators active in the understory are also different from those in the forest canopy and are adapted to the mesic conditions underneath the canopy. We used video cameras to observe flowers of understory Symphonia globulifera (Clusiaceae) in tropical wet forests of Costa Rica. We quantified the timing, frequency and behaviour of flower visitors to explore their potential contribution to pollination. A total of 82 flower visits were observed during 105 h of observations. Flowers were visited by ten insect species and one hummingbird species; the most active time period was between 1200-1700 h followed by the time between 0500-1000 h. The time period with fewer visitors was 1700-2200 h, during this period we observed flowers visited in multiple instances by a bushcricket (Tettigoniidae). The most frequent flower visitors were the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula and the hummingbird Phaethornis longirostris; both came in contact with anther and stigma during visits. We observed different flower visitors from those reported for canopy populations of S. globulifera. Insects predominated, in contrast to observations in canopy populations of S. globulifera, wherein perching birds predominated. We also documented the consumption of pollen by visiting insects. These findings highlight differences in flower visitors between the forest canopy and the understory for the same tree species and contribute to better understanding of the pollination ecology of understory tropical wet forest species.
Aggregate enantiostyly: Floral visitor interactions with a previously unreported form of floral display
Authors: Richman Sarah Kelley , Venable D Lawrence
Published: October 2018

Floral herkogamy, or the spatial separation of reproductive structures, plays an important role in the evolution of plant mating systems. One form of herkogamy is enantiostyly, or the alternate presentation of stigmas to the left and right of the floral axis. Theoretically, enantiostyly increases outcrossing rate by promoting reciprocal pollen deposition and export, but empirical evidence of this is lacking. Understanding how pollinators interact with enantiostylous flowers will illuminate the mechanisms by which enantiostyly encourages outcross pollination. We quantified style deployment within and among plants, of Allionia incarnata L. (Nyctaginaceae), a species with a new kind of enantiostyly we call “aggregate enantiostyly”. A. incarnata is the first species known to have “compound blossoms”, with different flowers each containing a left- or right-handed style. We quantify the autonomous selfing rate and describe floral visitor interactions with this unique floral structure. We found equal frequency of left- and right-handed blossoms within and among plants. Common floral visitors, Hemiargus ceraunus and Halictus sp., interacted with either anthers or stigmas, but not both, indicating effective outcrossing at the flower level. Outcrossing produced more fruits than selfing. The order in which floral visitors interacted with reproductive structures indicates that enantiostyly may increase pollen export. However, we did not find evidence that enantiostyly affected pollen deposition. Our study provides an intriguing first look at the reproductive ecology of a species with a new unique form of herkogamy, and provides evidence on the adaptive significance of enantiostyly.
Experimental evidence for predominant nocturnal pollination despite more frequent diurnal visitation in Abronia umbellata (Nyctaginaceae)
Authors: Doubleday Laura A. D. , Eckert Chris G.
Published: October 2018

Different suites of floral traits are associated with historical selection by particular functional groups of pollinators, but contemporary floral phenotypes are not necessarily good predictors of a plant’s effective pollinators. To determine the extent to which plant species specialize on particular functional groups of pollinators, it is important to quantify visitation rates for the full spectrum of flower visitors as well as to experimentally assess the contributions of each functional group to plant reproduction. We assessed whether attracting both diurnal and nocturnal flower visitors corresponded to pollination generalization or specialization in the Pacific coastal dune endemic Abronia umbellata var. umbellata. In multiple populations over two years, we observed flower visitors during the day and at night to assess visitation rates by different insect groups and conducted pollinator exclusion experiments to assess the contributions of diurnal and nocturnal visitors to seed production.Flower visitation rates were 8.67 times higher during the day than at night, but nocturnal visitation resulted in significantly higher seed set, suggesting that nocturnal noctuid and sphingid moths are the chief pollinators. Most diurnal visitors were honey bees, with tongues too short to reach A. umbellata nectar or contact stigmas and effect pollination. The prevalence of honey bees, combined with the lack of successful seed production resulting from diurnal pollination, suggests that honey bees are pollen thieves that collect pollen but do not deposit it on stigmas. Our results underscore the need to experimentally assess the contributions of different groups of flower visitors to plant reproduction.
Differences in pollination syndromes and the frequency of autonomous delayed selfing between co-flowering Hibiscus aponeurus (Sprague and Hutch) and H. flavifolius (Ulbr) from Kenya
Authors: Ruiz Guajardo Juan Carlos , Schnabel Andrew , McCallum Britnie , Otero Arnaiz Adriana , Baldock Katherine C. R. , Stone Graham N
Published: October 2018

Delayed autonomous selfing offers a mechanism for seed production when pollination levels are low or unpredictable. At Mpala Research Centre (MRC) in Kenya, we examined the relationships between floral attraction, insect visitation, and delayed autonomous selfing through backwards stylar curvature in the co-flowering Hibiscus aponeurus and H. flavifolius. Despite producing similar pollen and nectar rewards, visitation rates and the composition of floral visitor guilds varied significantly between these species. Across four years of observations, floral visitation in H. flavifolius was dominated by bees, and in H. aponeurus by a mixture of bees, butterflies and beetles. Visitation rates to H. flavifolius flowers (range 0.17 - 2.1 visits flr-1hr-1) were two times greater than to H. aponeurus flowers (range 0 - 2.7 visits flr-1hr-1), which resulted in significantly higher pollen deposition and removal rates in H. flavifolius than in H. aponeurus. Field crosses demonstrated little pollen limitation in either species. In open-pollinated flowers, H. aponeurus displayed significantly greater stylar curvature and apparent self-pollination than did H. flavifolius.  Floral attributes in H. aponeurus, such as a smaller corolla size and a downwards orientation of the stylar column, also suggest that delayed selfing is a more important mechanism of reproductive assurance in this species than in H. flavifolius. Determining whether these differences in insect visitation and stylar curvature are characteristic for these species or are unique to MRC will require comparison with populations located in other parts of the ranges, genetic tests of selfing rates, and chemical analyses of nectar, pollen, and floral volatiles.
Insect pollination improves yield of Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa subsp. paradoxa) in the agroforestry parklands of West Africa
Authors: Stout Jane C , Nombre Issa , De Bruijn Bernd , Delaney Aoife , Doke Dzigbodi Adzo , Gyimah Thomas , Kamano Francois , Kelly Ruth , Lovett Peter , Marshall Elaine , Nasare Latif Iddrisu , Nana Adama , Roberts Japheth , Tankoano Prudence , Tayleur Cath , Thomas David , Vickery Juliet , Kwapong Peter
Published: October 2018

Pollinator decline, driven primarily by habitat degradation, has the potential to reduce the quantity and quality of pollinator-dependent crops produced across the world.  Vitellaria paradoxa, a socio-economically important tree which grows across the sub-Saharan drylands of Africa, produces seeds from which shea butter is extracted. However, the habitats in which this tree grows are threatened with degradation, potentially impacting its ability to attract sufficient pollinators and to produce seeds. The flowers of V. paradoxa are insect-pollinated, and we investigated flower visitors in six sites in southern Burkina Faso and northern Ghana and tested whether plants were capable of fruit set in the absence of pollinators. We found that the majority of flower visitors (88%) were bees, most frequently small social stingless bees (Hypotrigona gribodoi), but native honey bees (Apis mellifera adansonii) were also common visitors to flowers early in the morning. The number of fruit produced per inflorescence was significantly lower when insects were excluded during flowering by bagging, but any fruits and seeds that were produced in bagged treatments were of similar weight to un-bagged ones. We conclude that conservation of habitat to protect social bees is important to maintain pollination services to V. paradoxa and other fruit-bearing trees and cultivated crops on which local livelihoods depend.
The Implementation of Village Fund Policy in Improving Economy of Village Society
Authors: Ramly Ar Royyan , Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Mursyida Julli , Mawardati Mawardati
Published: October 2018

This study analyzed the implementation of the village budget allocation policy and the village fund allocation which became second source in village finance revenue. The analysis made is to see how this village fund policy is able to increase the economic potency of the village so that there is equal distribution of income in village society. The method used is qualitative with descriptive analysis approach. The results of this study indicated that the policy of village funds and the allocation of village funds in the case of Kuala Sub-district of Nagan Raya District still cannot increase the potential of the village through utilization village fund, while the potential of the village is very large. This is because the policy of village fund allocation is still directed to infrastructure development or physical potential, besides; there are still obstacles of human resources in managing the village funds. The village which is classified as independent is Simpang Peut village which manage their business through village business entity.
Cultural Activities, Legal and Public Policy of Bali On Desa Pakraman and the Response of Prajuru the Traditional Village Management Kuta
Authors: Wesna Astara I Wayan
Published: October 2018

In the New era, Bali was hegemonized by the politics of the State's law against traditional villages. There is a response from Bali Provincial Government to create a policy to protect traditional villages in Bali. The power of Bali in the traditional village is maintaining Balinese culture based on Hinduism and the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana. Relevant critical theories in this article's discussion are public policy theory which is micro, hegemonic theory, power relation theory and deconstruction theory. Qualitative method with case study design in traditional village of Kuta is used as the research of cultural studies. The result of the research explains that public policy in Bali in defending traditional village is that Bali Provincial Government responds to state law politics by establishing Bali Provincial Regulation. However, when the Provincial Regulation of Bali No. 3 of 2001 on traditional village, the traditional village of Kuta responded to Article 3 paragraph (6) was not accepted by the prajuru and also received a response from the traditional village council, so the pros and cons of the traditional village in Bali emerged.
An Analysis of the Implementation of Islamic Brotherhood Value on the Students of MTsN Jeurela Sukamakmur
Authors: Rahmi Aulia
Published: October 2018

Since the development of technology, especially school children more preoccupied by the sophisticated tools than hanging out, playing with his friends, they tend to spend hours with HP or play to play internet cafe on the need to stay in touch, learn even the Koran. This research was conducted in MTsN Jeurela Sukamakmur. This type of the research that the researchers use is a descriptive research design, data collected by using the techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of ukhuwah Islamiah (brotherhood) to the students of MTsN jeurela Sukamakmur cannot be said to be strong, because there are still some of the students of who do not uphold the values of brotherhood among all peoples, and the lack of understanding of students about the importance of brotherhood in life and communities that are not nice is a main factor of weak implementation of Islamic Brotherhood to the students of MTsN Jeurela Sukamakmur. Thus, there are many ways to infuse the value of brotherhood by encouraging the students of Jeurela the benefits of solidarity in Islam, giving money to charity, raising fund to be distributed to the needy, etc.
Educational Revitalization of the Children with Special Needs at an Inclusive School
Authors: Adhi Made Kerta , Seniwati Ni Putu
Published: October 2018

The main purpose of this research is to find out the forms and meaning of revitalization of children with special needs at an inclusive school, particularly at Saraswati Elementary School, Tabanan, and Bali. This research is a qualitative research with an approach of a Cultural Study. The results show that the forms of revitalization are increasing resources, such as the workshop of teachers and students parents; providing apprentice for school staff, especially the manager of school library; increasing the involvement of children with special needs with the other common peers in self-development; equipping facilities such as special guidance room and library facilities. The meaning of revitalization is to improve the quality of human resources, togetherness in differences, and the development of potential children with special needs. In conclusion, there are enhancement of knowledge, skills, and behavior of teachers and educational staff respectively with the average of 88 and 90 percent, parents become more empathetic to the children, and social cohesion between children with special needs and normal children is established, so children with special needs are able to grow well.
Democratic Citizenship of Teacher Movement in Indonesia Post-Soeharto: Between Democratic Citizenship and Civic Engagement
Authors: Hidayat Rakhmat
Published: October 2018

After May 1998, Indonesia began the transition from centralization to the era of autonomy. During 32 years, Soeharto’s New Order regime (1966-1998) demonstrated authoritarian regime in many sectors, like politics, economics, social, especially in education. The political freedom of the Reform era has opened up an opportunity for the revival of social movements in Indonesia. Reform has enabled more open political structure, including a friendlier political atmosphere for the teacher movement. The purpose of this research is to explain how teacher movement in Indonesia made transformation from authoritarian which close movement to liberal with open movement. In New Order regime with authoritarian performance, Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia (Teacher Union in Indonesia) is as the single actor. The paper discussed three main aspects: (1) the explanation of the emerging of teacher movements in the process of democratic citizenship (2) the dynamics of teacher movement in developing teacher capacity in era of decentralization of Indonesia (3) the relations of teacher movement between the civil societies in era of decentralization. The teacher movement influences Indonesia’s democratization process. Teacher movement has contributed substantially in increasing participation and democracy in Indonesia, building the legal and institutional infrastructure for democracy, and providing voice and educational advocacy in supporting the reform.
Project-Based Learning Evaluation from Students’ and Supervisors’ Perspectives: A Qualitative Research at Polytechnic Malaysia
Authors: Mustapha Ramlee , M. Nasir M. Ichsan , Sadrina Sadrina
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the Project-Based Learning that was implemented at the Mechanical Engineering Department in a polytechnic in Malaysia. One kind of constructivism, Project-Based Learning was introduced into the Malaysian polytechnics curriculum regarding to result creative and innovative human resources. This study involved a random sample of 118 students and 43 supervisors in the Mechanical Engineering Department. The study found that both the students and supervisors agreed that Project-Based Learning approach is appropriate for the final project course J5012. In addition, both groups of respondents believed that the supervisors possesed adequate technical knowledge and implemented supervisory duties effectively. Nevertheless, students perceived the module content was hard to understand. The students barely agreed that the machines and equipments at the polytechnic were appropriate for the project. Positively, Polytechnic Kota Bharu should introduce a formal course of Project-Based Learning to the polytechnic system in Malaysia.
Cultural Traditions of Khanduri Blang in Reubee Village Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Muhammad , Manan Abdul
Published: October 2018

Before Islam was introduced into Aceh, many people there still believed in animism or dynamism or Hinduism or Bhudhism. Some parts of those beliefs still affect the local Acehnese cultures even after most of the people have become Muslim. This study describes the ritual of Khanduri Blang, as an acculturation of the people from Reubee village and surrounding villages in Pidie District between their previous cultures with their new Islamic culture: The study also looks at the reasons why the people from Reubee still perform these rituals in recent times. A religious anthropological approach was used to get plenary data about the subject. The data was collected using observations, interviews, and study of related literature. The results showed that the people living in that area performed the rituals as they believed that they would prevent dangers and harm from ghosts and spirits that live around their rice fields. Even though the people have been acculturated to Islam they still perform these ceremonies since they have been handed down as part of their culture and they still do not have sufficient comprehension of the tenets of Islam. Furthermore, the involvement of their local religious figures in the ceremonies convinces the people that these rituals do not contradict their Islamic beliefs. Then too, the use of local traditions as a medium for introducing Islam brought the understanding that such rituals were part of the traditions of Islam.
The Attitude of the Language of Ex-Combatans and the Victims of Armed Conflict of Aceh Post-MoU Helsinki
Authors: Sanusi Sanusi , Azwardi Azwardi , Yusuf Rusli , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: October 2018

This study aims to describe the attitude of ex-combatants and conflict victim of Aceh post-MoU Helsinki to the use of language, both Indonesian as a national language and Acehnese as one of the dominant regional languages in Aceh. This project is done within the purpose of Indonesian guidance, protection and defense as the language of unity and language of Aceh as one of the mother tongues in the archipelago. The targets of the annual achievements of this research are as follows: (1) scientific publications, both accredited national scientific journals and international scientific journals, (2) papers in scientific meetings, and (3) ISBN textbooks. The result of the research showed that the attitude of the ex-combatants in the post-MoU Helsinki was positively conflicting, both to the Indonesian language as the national and the Acehnese language as one of the regional languages in Aceh.