bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SACRED LANDSCAPES, SPIRITUAL TRAVEL: EMBODIED HOLINESS AND LONG-DISTANCE PILGRIMAGE IN THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION
Authors: Tingle Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

Long regarded as a medieval tradition which declined into insignificance after Luther, pilgrimage expanded considerably from the mid-sixteenth century, until well after 1750. This paper examines long-distance journeys to shrines, rather than sacred sites themselves, to explore how landscapes travelled were perceived, experienced and used by pilgrims in the Counter-Reformation. Using theory such as phenomenology, the focus is on autobiographical accounts of pilgrimages to two case-study sites, the Mont Saint-Michel in Normandy, northern France, and Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, north-west Spain, roughly between 1580 and 1750. These were shrines with origins in the early medieval period and which attracted a clientele over long distances. These pilgrimages were also in some way affected by religious conflict in the sixteenth century, whether by direct attack by Huguenots as at the Mont, or by war-time disruptions of its routes as with Compostela, as well as the theological and polemical attacks on the practice of pilgrimage itself by Protestant authors. Pilgrimage studies have examined ‘place’ – the shrine – but a focus on ‘landscape’ allows for a consideration of wider religious and cultural contexts, relations and experiences in this period of religious change.
CASTLES AND THE MILITARISATION OF URBAN SOCIETY IN IMPERIAL JAPAN
Authors: Benesch Oleg
Published: November 2018

Castles are some of Japan's most iconic structures and popular tourist destinations. They are prominent symbols of local, regional and national identity recognised both at home and abroad. Castles occupy large areas of land at the centre of most Japanese cities, shaping the urban space. Many castles have their roots in the period of civil war that ended in the early seventeenth century, and now house museums, parks and reconstructions of historic buildings. The current heritage status of Japan's castles obscures their troubled modern history. During the imperial period (1868–1945), the vast majority of pre-modern castles were abandoned, dismantled or destroyed before being rediscovered and reinvented as physical links to an idealised martial past. Japan's most important castles were converted to host military garrisons that dominated city centres and caused conflict with civilian groups. Various interests competed for control and access, and castles became sites of convergence between civilian and military agendas in the 1920s and 1930s. This paper argues that castles contributed both symbolically and physically to the militarisation of Japanese society in the imperial period. The study of these unique urban spaces provides new approaches to understanding militarism, continuity and change in modern Japan.
ORTHODOXY AND REVOLUTION: THE RESTORATION OF THE RUSSIAN PATRIARCHATE IN 1917
Authors: Dixon Simon
Published: November 2018

At the height of the October Revolution in Moscow – a much bloodier affair than the Bolshevik seizure of power in Petrograd – the Orthodox Church installed Tikhon (Bellavin) as Russia's first patriarch since 1700. At the most obvious level, this was a counter-revolutionary gesture aimed at securing firm leadership in a time of troubles. It was nevertheless a controversial move. Ecclesiastical liberals regarded a restored patriarchate as a neo-papal threat to the conciliarist regime they hoped to foster; and since Nicholas II had explicitly modelled himself on the Muscovite tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich, the potential for renewed conflict between church and state had become clear long before 1917. Whilst previous historians have concentrated on discussions about canonical and historical precedent, this paper emphasises the extent to which a single individual haunted the whole debate. For, until the last moment, it was widely assumed that the new patriarch would be not the little-known Tikhon, but Archbishop Antonii (Khrapovitskii), whose attempts to model himself on Patriarch Nikon – the most divisive of seventeenth-century Muscovite patriarchs – helped to make him the most controversial prelate of the age.
THE RISE AND FALL(?) OF AMERICA'S NEOLIBERAL ORDER
Authors: Gerstle Gary
Published: November 2018

This paper argues that the last eighty years of American politics can be understood in terms of the rise and fall of two political orders. The first political order grew out of the New Deal, dominating political life from the 1930s to the 1970s. The history of this order (the New Deal Order) is now well known. The other order, best understood as ‘neoliberal’ in its politics, emerged from the economic and political crises of the 1970s. This paper is one of the first to elucidate the political relationships, ideological character and moral perspective that were central to this neoliberal order's rise and triumph. The paper's narrative unfolds in three acts: the first chronicles the 1980s rise of Ronald Reagan and the laissez-faire Republican party he forced into being; the second shows how the collapse of communism in the late 1980s and early 1990s accelerated the globalization of capitalism and elevated neoliberalism's prestige; and the third reveals how a Democratic president, Bill Clinton, facilitated his party's capitulation to neoliberal imperatives. Political orders encourage such capitulation, the paper argues, by universalizing their own ideological principles and making alternative ideologies seem marginal and unworkable. A coda shows how the Great Recession of 2008 fractured America's neoliberal order, diminishing its authority and creating a space in which different kinds of politics, including the right-wing populism of Donald Trump and the left-wing populism of Bernie Sanders, could flourish.
150 YEARS OF ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY PUBLISHING
Authors: Archer Ian W.
Published: November 2018

The 150th anniversary of the Royal Historical Society offers an opportunity for an investigation into its publications over the longue durée. Its slow transformation from an association of literary dilettanti to a body of professional historians in the period 1890–1910 was accompanied by changes to its publication programme: the appointment of a literary director, an improvement in the quality of papers read, the merger with the Camden Society and the commitment to a programme of historical bibliographies established the basis of the Society's publishing programme for much of the twentieth century. The interwar years saw new initiatives including the launch of Guides and Handbooks, but the Society was already losing momentum, and an ill-fated foray into the publication of diplomatic records stymied its reputation. The 1950s and 1960s were a period of ongoing stasis, from which the Society was rescued in the early 1970s by G. R. Elton and his allies, who promoted a monograph series and the Annual Bibliographies. The momentum of change was sustained by the early commitment to an electronic version of its bibliographies, and still more recently by a commitment to open access monographs. The changing profile of the Society's publications by gender of author, period and area is charted, raising questions about future directions.
Deep inference and expansion trees for second-order multiplicative linear logic
Authors: STRAßBURGER LUTZ
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we introduce the notion of expansion tree for linear logic. As in Miller's original work, we have a shallow reading of an expansion tree that corresponds to the conclusion of the proof, and a deep reading which is a formula that can be proved by propositional rules. We focus our attention to MLL2, and we also present a deep inference system for that logic. This allows us to give a syntactic proof to a version of Herbrand's theorem.
Honesty-Humility Interacts With Context Perception in Predicting Task Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Wendler Kathrin , Liu Jie , Zettler Ingo
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In this study, we investigated the interaction effects between honesty-humility and two contextual perception variables (perceptions of organizational politics and perceptions of interactional justice) on two dimensions of job performance (task performance and organizational citizenship behavior). In a multiple rater design, we dissociated the assessments of the contextual perception variables (rated by target employees), personality traits (rated by colleagues), and job performance (rated by supervisors) from each other. We expected employees lower in honesty-humility to adapt their behavior according to the perceived context, whereas employees higher in honesty-humility were expected to perform equally well irrespective of the perceived environment. Results supported the hypothesized interactions in general.
Do Attractiveness and Competition Influence Faking Intentions in Selection Interviews?
Authors: Buehl Anne-Kathrin , Melchers Klaus G.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Faking models assume that characteristics of applicants as well as contextual factors determine whether applicants intend to fake. However, previous research on faking in interviews mainly investigated applicants’ characteristics while research on contextual factors is largely missing. Accordingly, we examined the influence of two such factors – attractiveness of the organization and competition among applicants – on the intention to fake in an interview. We conducted a vignette study with a 2 × 2 between-subjects design in which we varied competition and attractiveness. We found that attractiveness influenced faking intentions. However, we found no effect for competition. Accordingly, interviewers should be aware that applicants are more prone to faking when they want to get access to attractive organizations.
Huber, Ming, Romps, and Thornton Receive 2018 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

Matthew Huber, Yi Ming, David Romps, and Joel Thornton will receive the 2018 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Award at AGU's Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D. C. The award recognizes research contributions by “exceptional, mid-career scientists in the atmospheric and climate sciences fields.”
AGU-Led National Study: Citizen Science Can Aid Science Learning
Authors: Weiss Peter
Published: November 2018

Improved design of citizen science projects in which nonscientists and scientists collaborate can boost the amount of science learning by nonscientists and communities.
TGF-β-associated extracellular matrix genes link cancer-associated fibroblasts to immune evasion and immunotherapy failure
Authors: Chakravarthy Ankur , Khan Lubaba , Bensler Nathan Peter , Bose Pinaki , De Carvalho Daniel D.
Published: November 2018

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key determinant of cancer progression and prognosis. Here we report findings from one of the largest pan-cancer analyses of ECM gene dysregulation in cancer. We define a distinct set of ECM genes upregulated in cancer (C-ECM) and linked to worse prognosis. We found that the C-ECM transcriptional programme dysregulation is correlated with the activation of TGF-β signalling in cancer-associated fibroblasts and is linked to immunosuppression in otherwise immunologically active tumours. Cancers that activate this programme carry distinct genomic profiles, such as BRAF, SMAD4 and TP53 mutations and MYC amplification. Finally, we show that this signature is a predictor of the failure of PD-1 blockade and outperforms previously-proposed biomarkers. Thus, our findings identify a distinct transcriptional pattern of ECM genes in operation across cancers that may be potentially targeted, pending preclinical validation, using TGF-β blockade to enhance responses to immune-checkpoint blockade.
Transient hydrodynamic effects influence organic carbon signatures in marine sediments
Authors: Magill Clayton R. , Ausín Blanca , Wenk Pascal , McIntyre Cameron , Skinner Luke , Martínez-García Alfredo , Hodell David A. , Haug Gerald H. , Kenney William , Eglinton Timothy I.
Published: November 2018

Ocean dynamics served an important role during past dramatic climate changes via impacts on deep-ocean carbon storage. Such changes are recorded in sedimentary proxies of hydrographic change on continental margins, which lie at the ocean–atmosphere–earth interface. However, interpretations of these records are challenging, given complex interplays among processes delivering particulate material to and from ocean margins. Here we report radiocarbon (14C) signatures measured for organic carbon in differing grain-size sediment fractions and foraminifera in a sediment core retrieved from the southwest Iberian margin, spanning the last ~25,000 yr. Variable differences of 0–5000 yr in radiocarbon age are apparent between organic carbon in differing grain-sizes and foraminifera of the same sediment layer. The magnitude of 14C differences co-varies with key paleoceanographic indices (e.g., proximal bottom-current density gradients), which we interpret as evidence of Atlantic–Mediterranean seawater exchange influencing grain-size specific carbon accumulation and translocation. These findings underscore an important link between regional hydrodynamics and interpretations of down-core sedimentary proxies.
Heterogeneous Fenton Reaction Enabled Selective Colon Cancerous Cell Treatment
Authors: Lee Kuan-Ting , Lu Yu-Jen , Chiu Shao-Chieh , Chang Wen-Chi , Chuang Er-Yuan , Lu Shih-Yuan
Published: November 2018

A selective colon cancer cell therapy was effectively achieved with catalase-mediated intra-cellular heterogeneous Fenton reactions triggered by cellular uptake of SnFe2O4 nanocrystals. The treatment was proven effective for eradicating colon cancer cells, whereas was benign to normal colon cells, thus effectively realizing the selective colon cancer cell therapeutics. Cancer cells possess much higher innate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but much lower catalase levels than normal cells. Catalase, an effective H2O2 scavenger, prevented attacks on cells by reactive oxygen species induced from H2O2. The above intrinsic difference between cancer and normal cells was utilized to achieve selective colon cancer cell eradication through endocytosing efficient heterogeneous Fenton catalysts to trigger the formation of highly reactive oxygen species from H2O2. In this paper, SnFe2O4 nanocrystals, a newly noted outstanding paramagnetic heterogeneous Fenton catalyst, have been verified an effective selective colon cancerous cell treatment reagent of satisfactory blood compatibility.
Dietary calcium status during maternal pregnancy and lactation affects lipid metabolism in mouse offspring
Authors: Li Ping , Chang Xuelian , Fan Xiuqin , Fan Chaonan , Tang Tiantian , Wang Rui , Qi Kemin
Published: November 2018

Calcium plays important roles in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, but whether its status in early life affects later lipid profiles needs to be clarified. Three to four-week old C57BL/6J female mice were fed with three different reproductive diets containing normal, low (insufficient) and high (excessive) calcium concentrations respectively throughout pregnancy and lactation. At postnatal 21 days, the weaning male and female pups from each group were sacrificed for experiments and the remaining were fed with the normal chow diet for 16 weeks. Meanwhile, some of the weaning female pups from maternal low calcium diet group were fed with the normal calcium, low calcium and high calcium mature diets respectively for 8 weeks. Maternal insufficient or excessive calcium status during pregnancy and lactation programmed an abnormal expression of hepatic and adipose genes (PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, FABP4, Fasn, UCP2, PPAR-α, HMG-Red1, Acc1, and SREBP-1c) in the offspring and this may lead to dyslipidemia and accumulation of hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in later life. The effects of maternal calcium status on lipid metabolism were found only in the female adult offspring, but were similar between offspring males and females at postnatal 21 days. Additionally, the dyslipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation caused by insufficient calcium status in early life may be reversed to some extent by dietary calcium supplementation in later life.
Random Neuronal Networks show homeostatic regulation of global activity while showing persistent changes in specific connectivity paths to theta burst stimuli
Authors: George Jude Baby , Abraham Grace Mathew , Amrutur Bharadwaj , Sikdar Sujit Kumar
Published: November 2018

Learning in neuronal networks based on Hebbian principle has been shown to lead to destabilizing effects. Mechanisms have been identified that maintain homeostasis in such networks. However, the way in which these two opposing forces operate to support learning while maintaining stability is an active area of research. In this study, using neuronal networks grown on multi electrode arrays, we show that theta burst stimuli lead to persistent changes in functional connectivity along specific paths while the network maintains a global homeostasis. Simultaneous observations of spontaneous activity and stimulus evoked responses over several hours with theta burst training stimuli shows that global activity of the network quantified from spontaneous activity, which is disturbed due to theta burst stimuli is restored by homeostatic mechanisms while stimulus evoked changes in specific connectivity paths retain a memory trace of the training.
Long-term combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer sustained higher nutrient status and rhizospheric bacterial diversity in reddish paddy soil of Central South China
Authors: Cui Xinwei , Zhang Yangzhu , Gao Jusheng , Peng Fuyuan , Gao Peng
Published: November 2018

Bacteria, as the key component of soil ecosystems, participate in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. However, how fertilization regime affects the rhizospheric bacterial community of reddish paddy soil remains unclear. Here, a long-term fertilization experiment initiated in 1982 was employed to explore the impacts of different fertilization regimes on physicochemical properties and bacterial communities of reddish paddy rhizospheric soil in Central South China by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that long-term fertilization improved the soil nutrient status and shaped the distinct rhizospheric bacterial communities. Particularly, chemical NPK fertilizers application significantly declined the richness of the bacterial community by 7.32%, whereas the application of manure alone or combined with chemical NPK fertilizers significantly increased the biodiversity of the bacterial community by 1.45%, 1.87% compared with no fertilization, respectively. Moreover, LEfSe indicated that application of chemical NPK fertilizers significantly enhanced the abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Nitrospiraceae, while manure significantly increased the abundances of Deltaproteobacteria and Myxococcales, but the most abundant Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes were detected in the treatment that combined application of manure and chemical NPK fertilizers. Furthermore, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and the Mantel test clarified that exchangeable Mg2+ (E-Mg2+), soil organic carbon (SOC) and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) are the key driving factors for shaping bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. Our results suggested that long-term balanced using of manure and chemical fertilizers not only increased organic material pools and nutrient availability but also enhanced the biodiversity of the rhizospheric bacterial community and the abundance of Actinobacteria, which contribute to the sustainable development of agro-ecosystems.
Generation of brilliant green fluorescent petunia plants by using a new and potent fluorescent protein transgene
Authors: Chin Dong Poh , Shiratori Ikuo , Shimizu Akihisa , Kato Ko , Mii Masahiro , Waga Iwao
Published: November 2018

The application of fluorescent proteins in ornamental plants has lagged behind despite the recent development of powerful genetic tools. Although we previously generated transgenic torenia plants expressing green fluorescent protein from marine plankton (CpYGFP), in which bright fluorescence was easily visible at the whole plant level, the maximum excitation of this protein within the visible light spectrum required the use of a coloured emission filter to eliminate exciting light. Here, to overcome this limitation, we generated transgenic petunia plants expressing eYGFPuv, a CpYGFP derivative exhibiting bright fluorescence under invisible ultraviolet (UV) light excitation, with a novel combination of transcriptional terminator plus translational enhancer. As expected, all transgenic plants exhibited brilliant green fluorescence easily visible to the naked eye without an emission filter. In addition, fluorescence expressed in transgenic petunia flowers was stable during long-term vegetative propagation. Finally, we visually and quantitatively confirmed that transgenic petunia flowers resist to long-term exposure of UV without any damages such as fluorescence decay and withering. Thus, our whole-plant fluorescence imaging tool, that does not require high sensitive imaging equipment or special imaging conditions for observation, might be useful not only for basic plant research but also for ornamental purposes as a novel flower property.
Quantitative morphometric analysis of adult teleost fish by X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Weinhardt Venera , Shkarin Roman , Wernet Tobias , Wittbrodt Joachim , Baumbach Tilo , Loosli Felix
Published: November 2018

Vertebrate models provide indispensable paradigms to study development and disease. Their analysis requires a quantitative morphometric study of the body, organs and tissues. This is often impeded by pigmentation and sample size. X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) allows high-resolution volumetric tissue analysis, largely independent of sample size and transparency to visual light. Importantly, micro-CT data are inherently quantitative. We report a complete pipeline of high-throughput 3D data acquisition and image analysis, including tissue preparation and contrast enhancement for micro-CT imaging down to cellular resolution, automated data processing and organ or tissue segmentation that is applicable to comparative 3D morphometrics of small vertebrates. Applied to medaka fish, we first create an annotated anatomical atlas of the entire body, including inner organs as a quantitative morphological description of an adult individual. This atlas serves as a reference model for comparative studies. Using isogenic medaka strains we show that comparative 3D morphometrics of individuals permits identification of quantitative strain-specific traits. Thus, our pipeline enables high resolution morphological analysis as a basis for genotype-phenotype association studies of complex genetic traits in vertebrates.
Enhancing Humoral Responses Against HIV Envelope Trimers via Nanoparticle Delivery with Stabilized Synthetic Liposomes
Authors: Tokatlian Talar , Kulp Daniel W. , Mutafyan Andrew A. , Jones Christopher A. , Menis Sergey , Georgeson Erik , Kubitz Mike , Zhang Michael H. , Melo Mariane B. , Silva Murillo , Yun Dong Soo , Schief William R. , Irvine Darrell J.
Published: November 2018

An HIV vaccine capable of eliciting durable neutralizing antibody responses continues to be an important unmet need. Multivalent nanoparticles displaying a high density of envelope trimers may be promising immunogen forms to elicit strong and durable humoral responses to HIV, but critical particle design criteria remain to be fully defined. To this end, we developed strategies to covalently anchor a stabilized gp140 trimer, BG505 MD39, on the surfaces of synthetic liposomes to study the effects of trimer density and vesicle stability on vaccine-elicited humoral responses in mice. CryoEM imaging revealed homogeneously distributed and oriented MD39 on the surface of liposomes irrespective of particle size, lipid composition, and conjugation strategy. Immunization with covalent MD39-coupled liposomes led to increased germinal center and antigen-specific T follicular helper cell responses and significantly higher avidity serum MD39-specific IgG responses compared to immunization with soluble MD39 trimers. A priming immunization with liposomal-MD39 was important for elicitation of high avidity antibody responses, regardless of whether booster immunizations were administered with either soluble or particulate trimers. The stability of trimer anchoring to liposomes was critical for these effects, as germinal center and output antibody responses were further increased by liposome compositions incorporating sphingomyelin that exhibited high in vitro stability in the presence of serum. Together these data highlight key liposome design features for optimizing humoral immunity to lipid nanoparticle immunogens.
Massive Stokes shift in 12-coordinate Ce(NO2)63−: crystal structure, vibrational and electronic spectra
Authors: Luo Yuxia , Hau Chun-Kit , Yeung Yau Yuen , Wong Ka-Leung , Shiu Kwok Keung , Tanner Peter A.
Published: November 2018

The Ce3+ ion in Cs2NaCe(NO2)6 (I), which comprises the unusual Th site symmetry of the Ce(NO2)63− ion, demonstrates the largest Ce-O Stokes shift of 8715 cm−1 and the low emission quenching temperature of 53 K. The activation energy for quenching changes with temperature, attributed to relative shifts of the two potential energy curves involved. The splitting of the Ce3+ 5d1 state into two levels separated by 4925 cm−1 is accounted for by a first principles calculation using the crystal structure data of I. The NO2− energy levels and spectra were investigated also in Cs2NaLa(NO2)6 and modelled by hybrid DFT. The vibrational and electronic spectral properties have been thoroughly investigated and rationalized at temperatures down to 10 K. A comparison of Stokes shifts with other Ce-O systems emphasizes the dependence upon the coordination number of Ce3+.
Different responses of colorectal cancer cells to alternative sequences of cetuximab and oxaliplatin
Authors: Narvi Elli , Vaparanta Katri , Karrila Anna , Chakroborty Deepankar , Knuutila Sakari , Pulliainen Arto , Sundvall Maria , Elenius Klaus
Published: November 2018

Therapeutic protocols including EGFR antibodies in the context of oxaliplatin-based regimens have variable clinical effect in colorectal cancer. Here, we tested the effect of the EGFR antibody cetuximab in different sequential combinations with oxaliplatin on the growth of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cetuximab reduced the efficacy of oxaliplatin when administered before oxaliplatin but provided additive effect when administered after oxaliplatin regardless of the KRAS or BRAF mutation status of the cells. Systemic gene expression and protein phosphorylation screens revealed alternatively activated pathways regulating apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA damage response. Functional assays indicated that cetuximab-induced arrest of the cells into the G1 phase of the cell cycle was associated with reduced responsiveness of the cells to subsequent treatment with oxaliplatin. In contrast, oxaliplatin-enhanced responsiveness to subsequent treatment with cetuximab was associated with increased apoptosis, inhibition of STAT3 activity and increased EGFR down-regulation. This preclinical study indicates that optimizing the sequence of administration may enhance the antitumor effect of combination therapy with EGFR antibodies and oxaliplatin.
Tunable Magnetocaloric Effect in Ni-Mn-Ga Microwires
Authors: Qian Mingfang , Zhang Xuexi , Wei Longsha , Martin Peter , Sun Jianfei , Geng Lin , Scott Thomas Bligh , Peng Hua-Xin
Published: November 2018

Magnetic refrigeration is of great interest due to its high energy efficiency, environmental friendliness and low cost. However, undesired hysteresis losses, concentrated working temperature interval (WTI) and poor mechanical stability are vital drawbacks that hinder its practical application. Off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloys are capable of giant magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and tunable transformation temperatures. Here, by creating Ni-Mn-Ga microwires with diameter of 35–80 μm using a melt-extraction technique, negligible hysteresis and relatively good mechanical stability are found due to the high specific surface area (SSA) that reduces incompatibility between neighboring grains. The high SSA also favors the element evaporation at high temperatures so that the transformation temperatures can be feasibly adjusted. Tunable magnetocaloric effect owing to different magneto-structural coupling states is realized by (i) composition design and subsequent tuning, which adjusts the temperature difference between the martensite transformation (MT) and the magnetic transition, and (ii) creation of gradient composition distribution state, which manipulates the MT range. Magnetic entropy change ΔSm ~−18.5 J kg−1 K−1 with relatively concentrated WTI and WTI up to ~60 K with net refrigeration capacity ~240 J kg−1 at 50 kOe are demonstrated in the present Ni-Mn-Ga microwires. This criterion is also applicable for other small-sized materials.
Phonon diffraction and dimensionality crossover in phonon-interface scattering
Authors: Hanus Riley , Garg Anupam , Snyder G. Jeffery
Published: November 2018

Thermal resistance at interfaces and grain boundaries is important in a range of fields from microelectronics to energy materials. Standard models treat interfaces as structureless even though at the nanoscale they are often better described as arrays of linear defects. Here, we examine several characteristics of heat transport that arise when considering such a structure at the interface. When heat carrying phonons scatter off linear defect arrays, diffraction of phonons occurs. Furthermore, a dimensionality crossover is observed in diffusive transport. Phonons transition from seeing a structureless planar defect when their wavelength is longer than the defect spacing, $$\lambda \gtrsim D$$
λ
≳
D
, to seeing the interface as a collection of independently scattering linear defects when $$\lambda \lesssim D$$
λ
≲
D
. By applying this theory to grain boundary strain-field scattering, we show that this dimensionality crossover can explain the frequency dependence of grain boundary scattering and transmissivity, which results in the T2 temperature dependence observed in the low-T thermal conductivity of poly/nanocrystalline materials.
Applications of light-induced hyperpolarization in EPR and NMR
Authors: Cheney Daniel J. , Wedge Christopher J.
Published: November 2018

Magnetic resonance methods are widely used to provide atomic level information on the structure and dynamics of chemical and biochemical systems, but often suffer from poor sensitivity. This review examines how optical excitation can provide increased electron spin-polarization, and how this can be used to increase sensitivity and/or information content in both Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
Sensor array optimization and determination of Rhyzopertha dominica infestation in wheat using hybrid neuro-fuzzy-assisted electronic nose analysis
Authors: Mishra Gayatri , Srivastava Shubhangi , Panda Brajesh K. , Mishra H. N.
Published: November 2018

High grain moisture and temperature provide favorable conditions for stored-grain insect reproduction and survival, which is a major threat in warmer regions.
A two-photon endoplasmic reticulum-targeting fluorescent probe for the imaging of pH in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Nan , Dong Baoli , Kong Xiuqi , Song Wenhui , Lin Weiying
Published: November 2018

The pH changes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are closely related to many diseases.
Microwave-assisted rapid preparation of hollow carbon nanospheres@TiN nanoparticles for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Tu Jianxin , Li Hejun , Zou Jizhao , Zeng Shaozhong , Zhang Qi , Yu Liang , Zeng Xierong
Published: November 2018

Hollow carbon nanospheres@TiN nanoparticles (HCNs@TiN) were designed and successfully synthesized via a microwave reduction method.
Convergent total synthesis of (±) myricanol, a cyclic natural diarylheptanoid
Authors: Bochicchio A. , Schiavo L. , Chiummiento L. , Lupattelli P. , Funicello M. , Hanquet G. , Choppin S. , Colobert F.
Published: November 2018

Third total synthesis of the meta, meta-bridged diarylheptanoid: myricanol with remarkable anti-tau properties.
Iron-catalyzed protodehalogenation of alkyl and aryl halides using hydrosilanes
Authors: Pilli Ramadevi , Balakrishnan Venkadesh , Chandrasekaran Revathi , Rasappan Ramesh
Published: November 2018

A simple and efficient iron-catalyzed protodehalogenation of alkyl and aryl halides using phenylhydrosilane is disclosed.
Brønsted acid-catalyzed aromatic annulation of alkoxyallenes with naphthols: a reaction sequence to larger π-conjugated naphthopyrans with aggregation-induced emission characters
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Zhu Lu , Shen Kang , Yang Huameng , Hang Xiao-Chun , Jiang Gaoxi
Published: November 2018

A practical and readily scalable reaction sequence was developed for the straightforward synthesis of a new family of larger π-conjugated naphthopyrans by a Brønsted acid-catalyzed aromatic annulation of alkoxyallenes with inert naphthols.
Failure mechanisms of coiling fibers with sacrificial bonds made by instability-assisted fused deposition modeling
Authors: Zou Shibo , Therriault Daniel , Gosselin Frédérick P.
Published: November 2018

The nature of bond breaking and the loop unfolding process is revealed in microstructured coiling fibers with sacrificial bonds.
Size effects in plasma-enhanced nano-transfer adhesion
Authors: Deagen Michael E. , Chan Edwin P. , Schadler Linda S. , Ullal Chaitanya K.
Published: November 2018

Multi-layer transfer molding of plasma-bonded PDMS lines at the nanoscale was achieved through ultra-low dose plasma treatment.
High-yield production of stable antimonene quantum sheets for highly efficient organic photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Zhang Ruqin , Zhao Min , Wang Zhongqiang , Wei Bingwei , Zhang Xuefeng , Feng Shuai , Cao Hailiang , Liu Peizhi , Hao Yuying , Wang Hua , Xu Bingshe , Pennycook Stephen J. , Guo Junjie
Published: November 2018

Atomically thin antimonene quantum sheets used for enhancing the light absorption in organic photovoltaics.
Caffeine chelates calcium in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Rojo-Ruiz Jonathan , Rodríguez-Prados Macarena , Delrio-Lorenzo Alba , Alonso María Teresa , García-Sancho Javier
Published: November 2018

Cytosolic Ca2+ signals are often amplified by massive calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) occurs by activation of an ER Ca2+ channel, the ryanodine receptor (RyR), which is facilitated by both cytosolic- and ER Ca2+ levels. Caffeine sensitizes RyR to Ca2+ and promotes ER Ca2+ release at basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels. This outcome is frequently used as a readout for the presence of CICR. By monitoring ER luminal Ca2+ with the low-affinity genetic Ca2+ probe erGAP3, we find here that application of 50 mM caffeine rapidly reduces the Ca2+ content of the ER in HeLa cells by ∼50%. Interestingly, this apparent ER Ca2+ release does not go along with the expected cytosolic Ca2+ increase. These results can be explained by Ca2+ chelation by caffeine inside the ER. Ca2+-overloaded mitochondria also display a drop of the matrix Ca2+ concentration upon caffeine addition. In contrast, in the cytosol, with a low free Ca2+ concentration (10−7 M), no chelation is observed. Expression of RyR3 sensitizes the responses to caffeine with effects both in the ER (increase in Ca2+ release) and in the cytosol (increase in Ca2+ peak) at low caffeine concentrations (0.3–1 mM) that have no effects in control cells. Our results illustrate the fact that simultaneous monitoring of both cytosolic- and ER Ca2+ are necessary to understand the action of caffeine and raise concerns against the use of high concentrations of caffeine as a readout of the presence of CICR.
The prognostic significance of pretreatment serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in primary liver cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Ou Yang , Huang Junwei , Yang Liping
Published: November 2018

Aim: To assess the prognostic value of the pretreatment serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) level in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC). Methods: Relevant studies were systematically searched online on Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases published until 9 October 2018. The end points were overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Meta-analysis was conducted using hazard ratio (HR), and its 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect measure. Results: A total of 33 eligible studies with 9238 patients with PLC were included in this meta-analysis. The synthesized analysis showed that that higher serum GGT level was significantly related to poorer OS (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.66–1.93, P<0.01), RFS (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.46–1.77, P<0.01), and DFS (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.33–1.73, P<0.01) of patients with PLC. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the negative prognostic impact of higher serum GGT level on OS and RFS was still of significance regardless of ethnicity, pathological type, sample size, cut-off value, first-line treatment, and analysis type. Conclusion: The pretreatment serum GGT might be a predictive factor of poor prognosis for PLC patients.
Biased agonism and allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
Authors: Trinh Phuc N.H. , May Lauren T. , Leach Katie , Gregory Karen J.
Published: November 2018

Metabotropic glutamate receptors belong to class C G-protein-coupled receptors and consist of eight subtypes that are ubiquitously expressed throughout the central nervous system. In recent years, the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) has emerged as a promising target for a broad range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Drug discovery programs targetting mGlu5 are primarily focused on development of allosteric modulators that interact with sites distinct from the endogenous agonist glutamate. Significant efforts have seen mGlu5 allosteric modulators progress into clinical trials; however, recent failures due to lack of efficacy or adverse effects indicate a need for a better understanding of the functional consequences of mGlu5 allosteric modulation. Biased agonism is an interrelated phenomenon to allosterism, describing how different ligands acting through the same receptor can differentially influence signaling to distinct transducers and pathways. Emerging evidence demonstrates that allosteric modulators can induce biased pharmacology at the level of intrinsic agonism as well as through differential modulation of orthosteric agonist-signaling pathways. Here, we present key considerations in the discovery and development of mGlu5 allosteric modulators and the opportunities and pitfalls offered by biased agonism and modulation.
Robust H∞ control for stability assessment in grid‐connected offshore wind and marine current hybrid system
Authors: Kushwaha Satendra Kumar Singh , Mohanty Soumya R. , Samuel Paulson
Published: November 2018

The geographic suitability brings the offshore wind farm (OWF) and marine current farm (MCF) together with their aggregated power fed to grid simultaneously in most relevant energy harnessing infrastructures. However, stability assessment of the integrated system is a major concern due to the integration of stochastic and intermittent sources with parametric uncertainty. Bridge‐type fault current limiter (BFCL) has consolidated their application for a suitable enhancement of stability margin for most modern supply systems. In this article, a detailed modelling of the integrated system is carried out in the presence of BFCL along with consideration of uncertainty as well. A robust H∞ controller design strategy for stability assessment of grid‐connected OWF and MCF in the presence of parametric uncertainties is presented in this article. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions are derived in the context of evaluating the robust controller gain with respect to desired robust stability margin. The efficacy of the controller design is compared with that of H∞ loop shaping and conventional P‐I control through different case studies with simulation followed by real‐time digital simulator (RTDS) validation.
Signal and noise in helioseismic holography
Authors: Gizon Laurent , Fournier Damien , Yang Dan , Birch Aaron C. , Barucq Hélène
Published: November 2018

Context. Helioseismic holography is an imaging technique used to study heterogeneities and flows in the solar interior from observations of solar oscillations at the surface. Holographic images contain noise due to the stochastic nature of solar oscillations.

Aims. We aim to provide a theoretical framework for modeling signal and noise in Porter–Bojarski helioseismic holography.

Methods. The wave equation may be recast into a Helmholtz-like equation, so as to connect with the acoustics literature and define the holography Green’s function in a meaningful way. Sources of wave excitation are assumed to be stationary, horizontally homogeneous, and spatially uncorrelated. Using the first Born approximation we calculated holographic images in the presence of perturbations in sound-speed, density, flows, and source covariance, as well as the noise level as a function of position. This work is a direct extension of the methods used in time-distance helioseismology to model signal and noise.

Results. To illustrate the theory, we compute the holographic image intensity numerically for a buried sound-speed perturbation at different depths in the solar interior. The reference Green’s function is obtained for a spherically-symmetric solar model using a finite-element solver in the frequency domain. Below the pupil area on the surface, we find that the spatial resolution of the holographic image intensity is very close to half the local wavelength. For a sound-speed perturbation of size comparable to the local spatial resolution, the signal-to-noise ratio is approximately constant with depth. Averaging the image intensity over a number N of frequencies above 3 mHz increases the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor nearly equal to the square root of N. This may not be the case at lower frequencies, where large variations in the holographic signal are due to the contributions from the long-lived modes of oscillation.
A New Technique for Augmentation Rhinoplasty Using Hybrid Autologous Grafts with Septal Extension Grafts in Asian Patients
Authors: Mizuno Tsutomu
Published: November 2018

Augmentation rhinoplasty is commonly performed to raise the nasal dorsum in Asian individuals. However, materials used for dorsal augmentation are associated with various surgical challenges and complications. In this article, the authors present a novel dorsal augmentation technique combining hybrid autologous costal grafts with septal extension grafts. The records of 28 patients (19 women and 9 men; mean age: 27 years; range: 18–43 years) who underwent augmentation rhinoplasty (primary or revision) with our novel technique from December 2007 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Our technique included septal extension grafts for nasal tip projection and hybrid costal cartilage grafts, with a solid boat-shaped portion for bony dorsum augmentation and a fascia-wrapped diced cartilage graft for cartilaginous dorsum augmentation. Objective and subjective outcomes and complications were evaluated. Anthropometric parameters were measured on facial photographs to evaluate surgical outcomes in the 15 primary cases. Objective anthropometric measurements revealed successful augmentation of all nasal parameters. The nasal tip was mobile and comfortable in all patients. Among the 28 patients, 12 (42.9%) were very satisfied, 10 (35.7%) were satisfied, and 6 (21.4%) were unsatisfied with surgical results and required revision surgery. No immediate postoperative complications occurred. Ten (35.7%) patients experienced graft-related complications, including visibility or warping of the solid graft, supratip depression, and caudal deviation of the septal extension graft. None of these complications was serious. Augmentation rhinoplasty using hybrid autologous costal grafts with septal extension grafts allows dorsal augmentation with suitable graft material for each recipient site and can achieve successful outcomes in Asian patients.
History of High-Resolution Anoscopy
Authors: Groves Emily , Lao Victoria , Cho S.
Published: November 2018

High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) is a form of low-resolution anal microscopy currently utilized in the screening and management of anal squamous dysplasia. No randomized controlled trials, national or international guidelines exist on the use of HRA for this purpose. Much of our understanding of this entity has been adapted from the literature on cervical squamous dysplasia, including the technique of HRA itself. Epidemiologic evidence has shown that the prevalence and incidence of anal dysplasia is highest in HIV-positive populations. The history of this technique parallels the evolution of our understanding of anal dysplasia. To understand the history of the use of HRA and its place in the screening and management of anal squamous dysplasia, we discuss key advances in the understanding of human papillomavirus–related squamous dysplasia. We begin with early reports in the field establishing the link between this virus and squamous dysplasia, through the marked increase in anal cancer seen with the onset of the HIV epidemic, the identification of relevant populations at risk, the performance of the test itself, to its use today.
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Squamous Cell Cancer of the Anus
Authors: Hoedema Rebecca
Published: November 2018

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is the premalignant condition of the anal squamous tissue. It is associated with the human papilloma virus and is considered the transition prior to the invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma. It is typically asymptomatic and can be either an incidental finding after anorectal surgery or identified when high-risk patient populations are screened. Once AIN is diagnosed, the optimal management remains controversial, partly because the natural history of the disease is unclear. Surgical management of the disease has essentially been replaced by more conservative treatment options and can range from expectant management to topical therapy to photodynamic therapy. The aim of this article is to review the varied treatment options and to briefly review prevention strategies.
Cost-Effective Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Simulation
Authors: Alinier Guillaume
Published: November 2018

This invited review article was presented orally on the occasion of the South West Asian Chapter conference of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) held in New Delhi, India in January 2018. It has an educational focus on the topic of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which is increasingly being used as a lifesaving bridge therapy. A case is being made regarding the adage “practice makes perfect” to be considered in the context of simulation-based education to ensure patient safety. Technology-enhanced simulation-based deliberate practice should be used more commonly to support clinicians in the development of all their professional skills. This is an ethical imperative that may be addressed using low-cost simulation modalities that are sometimes proven to be as effective as more expensive approaches. Educators can now design their programs according to published best practice standards for the benefit of their learners, and ultimately the patients they care for. Simulation-based education clearly has a place and important role to play in preparing ECMO teams dealing with routine procedures as well as emergency situations. Several solution and approaches are being presented alongside innovative work currently being done in collaboration between a regional ELSO center of excellence and an academic institution. This innovative simulator is composed of several modules serving different functions required for the simulation of ECMO emergencies at a much lower cost than using the real machine and its various expensive disposable components.