bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addition of Aegilops biuncialis chromosomes 2M or 3M improves the salt tolerance of wheat in different way
Authors: Darko Eva , Khalil Radwan , Dobi Zsanett , Kovács Viktória , Szalai Gabriella , Janda Tibor , Molnár István
Published: December 2020

Aegilops biuncialis is a promising gene source to improve salt tolerance of wheat via interspecific hybridization. In the present work, the salt stress responses of wheat-Ae. biuncialis addition lines were investigated during germination and in young plants to identify which Aegilops chromosomes can improve the salt tolerance of wheat. After salt treatments, the Aegilops parent and the addition lines 2M, 3M and 3M.4BS showed higher germination potential, shoot and root growth, better CO2 assimilation capacity and less chlorophyll degradation than the wheat parent. The Aegilops parent accumulated less Na in the roots due to an up-regulation of SOS1, SOS2 and HVP1 genes, while it contained higher amount of proline, fructose, glucose, galactose, maltose and raffinose. In the leaves, lower Na level was accompanied by high amount of proline and increased expression of NHX2 gene. The enhanced accumulation of sugars and proline was also observed in the roots of 3M and 3M.4BS addition lines. Typical mechanism of 2M addition line was the sequestration of Na into the vacuole due to the increased expression of HVP1 in the roots and NHX2 in the leaves. These results suggest the Aegilops chromosomes 2M and 3M can improve salt tolerance of wheat in different way.
Anti-inflammatory potential of Portuguese thermal waters
Authors: Silva A. , Oliveira A. S. , Vaz C. V. , Correia S. , Ferreira R. , Breitenfeld L. , Martinez-de-Oliveira J. , Palmeira-de-Oliveira R. , Pereira C. M. F. , Palmeira-de-Oliveira A. , Cruz M. T.
Published: December 2020

In light of Medical Hydrology, thermal waters (TW) are all-natural mineral waters that emerge inside a thermal resort and have therapeutic applications. Their beneficial effect has been empirically recognized for centuries, being indicated for symptom alleviation and/or treatment of several diseases, almost all associated with inflammation. Indeed, an anti-inflammatory effect has been attributed to many different Portuguese TW but there is no scientific validation supporting this empiric knowledge. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of 14 TW pertaining to thermal centers located in the Central Region of Portugal, and grouped according to their ionic profile. Mouse macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, were exposed to culture medium prepared in TW. Metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels and the scavenging capacity of TW, were investigated in vitro. 11 out of 14 TW reduced NO production and/or iNOS expression, and/or scavenging activity, in macrophages exposed to LPS. The sulphated/calcic TW did not show any effect on at least one of the inflammatory parameters evaluated. Two sulphurous/bicarbonate/sodic TW and the sulphurous/chlorinated/sodic TW promoted an increase in NO production and/or iNOS expression. Our results validate, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory properties of Portuguese TW, supporting their therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases and promoting their putative application in cosmetic products and medical devices.
Analogous adaptations in speed, impulse and endpoint stiffness when learning a real and virtual insertion task with haptic feedback
Authors: Takagi Atsushi , De Magistris Giovanni , Xiong Geyun , Micaelli Alain , Kambara Hiroyuki , Koike Yasuharu , Savin Jonathan , Marsot Jacques , Burdet Etienne
Published: December 2020

Humans have the ability to use a diverse range of handheld tools. Owing to its versatility, a virtual environment with haptic feedback of the force is ideally suited to investigating motor learning during tool use. However, few simulators exist to recreate the dynamic interactions during real tool use, and no study has compared the correlates of motor learning between a real and virtual tooling task. To this end, we compared two groups of participants who either learned to insert a real or virtual tool into a fixture. The trial duration, the movement speed, the force impulse after insertion and the endpoint stiffness magnitude decreased as a function of trials, but they changed at comparable rates in both environments. A ballistic insertion strategy observed in both environments suggests some interdependence when controlling motion and controlling interaction, contradicting a prominent theory of these two control modalities being independent of one another. Our results suggest that the brain learns real and virtual insertion in a comparable manner, thereby supporting the use of a virtual tooling task with haptic feedback to investigate motor learning during tool use.
Independent control of cocontraction and reciprocal activity during goal-directed reaching in muscle space
Authors: Takagi Atsushi , Kambara Hiroyuki , Koike Yasuharu
Published: December 2020

The movement in a joint is facilitated by a pair of muscles that pull in opposite directions. The difference in the pair’s muscle force or reciprocal activity results in joint torque, while the overlapping muscle force or the cocontraction is related to the joint’s stiffness. Cocontraction knowingly adapts implicitly over a number of movements, but it is unclear whether the central nervous system can actively regulate cocontraction in a goal-directed manner in a short span of time. We developed a muscle interface where a cursor’s horizontal position was determined by the reciprocal activity of the shoulder flexion–extension muscle pair, while the vertical position was controlled by its cocontraction. Participants made goal-directed movements to single and via-point targets in the two-dimensional muscle space, learning to move the cursor along the shortest path. Simulations using an optimal control framework suggest that the reciprocal activity and the cocontraction may be controlled independently by the CNS, albeit at a rate orders of magnitude slower than the muscle’s maximal activation speed.
Functional annotation of genetic associations by transcriptome-wide association analysis provides insights into neutrophil development regulation
Authors: Yao Yao , Yang Jia , Qin Qian , Tang Chao , Li Zhidan , Chen Li , Li Kailong , Ren Chunyan , Chen Lu , Rao Shuquan
Published: December 2020

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genomic loci linked to blood cell traits, however understanding the biological relevance of these genetic loci has proven to be challenging. Here, we performed a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) integrating gene expression and splice junction usage in neutrophils (N = 196) with a neutrophil count GWAS (N = 173,480 individuals). We identified a total of 174 TWAS-significant genes enriched in target genes of master transcription factors governing neutrophil specification. Knockout of a TWAS candidate at chromosome 5q13.2, TAF9, in CD34+ hematopoietic and progenitor cells (HSPCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology showed a significant effect on neutrophil production in vitro. In addition, we identified 89 unique genes significant only for splice junction usage, thus emphasizing the importance of alternative splicing beyond gene expression underlying granulopoiesis. Our results highlight the advantages of TWAS, followed by gene editing, to determine the functions of GWAS loci implicated in hematopoiesis.
Water pressure fluctuations control variability in sediment flux and slip dynamics beneath glaciers and ice streams
Authors: Damsgaard Anders , Goren Liran , Suckale Jenny
Published: December 2020

Rapid ice loss is facilitated by sliding over beds consisting of reworked sediments and erosional products, commonly referred to as till. The dynamic interplay between ice and till reshapes the bed, creating landforms preserved from past glaciations. Leveraging the imprint left by past glaciations as constraints for projecting future deglaciation is hindered by our incomplete understanding of evolving basal slip. Here, we develop a continuum model of water-saturated, cohesive till to quantify the interplay between meltwater percolation and till mobilization that governs changes in the depth of basal slip under fast-moving ice. Our model explains the puzzling variability of observed slip depths by relating localized till deformation to perturbations in pore-water pressure. It demonstrates that variable slip depth is an inherent property of the ice-meltwater-till system, which could help understand why some paleo-landforms like grounding-zone wedges appear to have formed quickly relative to current till-transport rates.
The aqueous dependent sensing of hydrazine and phosphate anions using a bis-heteroleptic Ru(ii) complex with a phthalimide–anchored pyridine-triazole ligand
Authors: Ramachandran Mohanraj , Syed Asad , Marraiki Najat , Anandan Sambandam
Published: December 2020

Strong and weak emission is exhibited by non-luminescent RtpI and RtpH, respectively, upon the addition of phosphate anions in CH3CN and hydrazine in CH3CN/H2O (6/4, v/v).
Highly convenient and highly specific-and-sensitive PCR using Se-atom modified dNTPs
Authors: Hu Bei , Wang Yitao , Li Na , Zhang Shun , Luo Guangcheng , Huang Zhen
Published: December 2020

Primer design and condition optimization for PCR are tedious and labour-intensive.
Dual recognition element-controlled logic DNA circuit for COVID-19 detection based on exonuclease III and DNAzyme
Authors: Pan Jiafeng , He Ying , Liu Zhi , Chen Junhua
Published: December 2020

An AND logic circuit was developed for COVID-19 detection with high sensitivity and selectivity based on exonuclease III and DNAzyme.
Cu(iii)–bis-thiolato complex forms an unusual mono-thiolato Cu(iii)–peroxido adduct
Authors: Donnelly Jane M. , Lermyte Frederik , Wolny Juliusz A. , Walker Marc , Breeze Ben G. , Needham Russell J. , Müller Christina S. , O’Connor Peter B. , Schünemann Volker , Collingwood Joanna F. , Sadler Peter J.
Published: December 2020

The square-planar complex [bis(toluene-3,4-dithiolato)copper(iii)][NEt3H], characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT, fragments in FTICR-MS to form [(toluene-3,4-dithiolato)Cu(iii)(peroxide)]− by reaction with O2.
A highly concentrated electrolyte for high-efficiency potassium metal batteries
Authors: Xu Wenxin , Wang Huwei , Hu Junyang , Zhang Haodong , Zhang Biao , Kang Feiyu , Zhai Dengyun
Published: December 2020

A highly concentrated electrolyte enables dendrite-free cycling of K metal anodes with a high CE (over 98% over 400 cycles).
Synthesis of quaternary carbon-centered indolo[1,2-a]quinazolinones and indazolo[1,2-a]indazolones via C–H functionalization
Authors: Gogoi Kongkona , Bora Bidisha R. , Borah Geetika , Sarma Bipul , Gogoi Sanjib
Published: December 2020

A cascade, Ru(ii)-catalyzed annulative transformation of phenylindazolones and alkynes into indolo[1,2-a]quinazolinones and indazolo[1,2-a]indazolones is reported.
Synthesis and crystal packing of perylene-derivatives with extreme sterically demanding pentaphenylbenzene bay-substituents
Authors: Dusold Carolin , Weiss Corinna , Hampel Frank , Hirsch Andreas
Published: December 2020

Extremely flexible PDI-PPBs: perylenes with a varying number of PPBs and different peri-moieties were synthesized. The isolated regioisomers exhibit remarkably different properties. X-ray crystallography reveals sufficient suppression of aggregation.
Radical abstraction vs. oxidative addition mechanisms for the activation of the S–H, O–H, and C–H bonds using early transition metal oxides
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R. , Miliordos Evangelos
Published: December 2020

Calculations on the ZrO+/NbO+ (bare and ligated) + H2S/H2O/CH4 reactions show that H–S is easily activated with either oxo or oxyl ZrO+/NbO+, O–H bears larger barriers for both, and C–H is readily activated only with the oxyl form.
Analysis of structural organization and interaction mechanisms of detonation nanodiamond particles in hydrosols
Authors: Knizhnik Andrey A. , Polynskaya Yulia G. , Sinitsa Alexander S. , Kuznetsov Nikita M. , Belousov Sergey I. , Chvalun Sergei N. , Potapkin Boris V.
Published: December 2020

Analysis of the structural organization of nanodiamond particles based on the interplay between Coulomb and van der Waals forces was performed.
Untangling superposed double layer and structural forces across confined nanoparticle suspensions
Authors: Ludwig Michael , von Klitzing Regine
Published: December 2020

Complete interaction force profiles of charged surfaces across confined suspensions were successfully described using a superposition of double layer and structural forces.
Viscosity models for ionic liquids and their mixtures
Authors: Bouarab Anya F. , Harvey Jean-Philippe , Robelin Christian
Published: December 2020

Review of principles and limitations of viscosity models for ionic liquids and their mixtures focusing on the use of inappropriate mixing rules for molten salts.
Sulfur-assisted large-scale synthesis of graphene microspheres for superior potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Qingfeng , Cheng Xueli , Wang Chengxin , Rao Apparao M. , Lu Bingan
Published: December 2020

Large-scale low-cost preparation methods for high quality graphene are critical for advancing graphene-based applications in energy storage, and beyond.
Effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactant on transport and retention of iron oxide nanoparticles in water-saturated quartz sand
Authors: Liao Shuchi , Ghosh Anushree , Becker Matthew D. , Abriola Linda M. , Cápiro Natalie L. , Fortner John D. , Pennell Kurt D.
Published: December 2020

Column experiments and mathematical modeling results demonstrated that rhamnolipid biosurfactant can enhance the stability and mobility of iron oxide nanoparticles in water-saturated quartz sand.
Analysing trimethylaluminum infiltration into polymer brushes using a scalable area selective vapor phase process
Authors: Snelgrove M. , McFeely C. , Shiel K. , Hughes G. , Yadav P. , Weiland C. , Woicik J. C. , Mani-Gonzalez P. G. , Lundy R. , Morris M. A. , McGlynn E. , O’Connor R.
Published: December 2020

This work identifies the critical factors when developing a polymer brush vapor phase infiltration process, while also demonstrating the use of novel pyridines for area selective purposes.
Risk assessment on-a-chip: a cell-based microfluidic device for immunotoxicity screening
Authors: Oddo Arianna , Morozesk Mariana , Lombi Enzo , Schmidt Tobias Benedikt , Tong Ziqiu , Voelcker Nicolas Hans
Published: December 2020

This study presents the development of a microfluidic device to assess the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on human immune cells.
Artificial light-harvesting systems (LHSs) based on boron-difluoride (BF2) hydrazone complexes (BODIHYs)
Authors: Singh Vishwa Deepak , Dwivedi Bhupendra Kumar , Kumar Yogesh , Pandey Daya Shankar
Published: December 2020

The hydrazone based BF2–complexes (BODIHYs; B1–B2) have been synthesized and their photophysical and aggregation behavior have been established. These BODIHYs have been showed light harvesting properties in presence of RhB as acceptor.
A comparative study of thallium(iii) and iodine(iii)-mediated ring contraction reactions for the synthesis of indane
Authors: Khan Ajmir , Silva Luiz F. , Rabnawaz Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Ring contraction reactions were carried out using HTIB and TTN to compare yields as well as the protection group tolerance.
Complexation effect of copper(ii) with HEDP supported by activated carbon and influence on acetylene hydration
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Xiaohong , Luo Jiannan , Ma Cunhua , Xu Caixia
Published: December 2020

The effect of copper(ii) complexation with HEDP on an AC support was evaluated for acetylene hydration.
Effects of Sn on the catalytic performance for one step syngas to DME in slurry reactor
Authors: Zhang Lin , Bian Zhongkai , Sun Kai , Huang Wei
Published: December 2020

Slurry catalysts with a suitable amount of Sn significantly suppress the water gas shift reaction.
A versatile stereocontrolled synthesis of 2-deoxyiminosugar C-glycosides and their evaluation as glycosidase inhibitors
Authors: Lumbroso Alexandre , Berthonneau Clément , Beaudet Isabelle , Quintard Jean-Paul , Planchat Aurélien , García-Moreno M. Isabel , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Le Grognec Erwan
Published: December 2020

Dihydroxylation of (R,S) or (S,S)-2,6-disubstituted dehydropiperidines enantioselectively obtained from stannylated precursors allows a versatile preparation of 2-deoxyiminosugar C-glycosides which have been evaluated as glycosidases inhibitors.
Surface cross-linked thermoplastic starch with different UV wavelengths: mechanical, wettability, hygroscopic and degradation properties
Authors: Yin Peng , Chen Chunhao , Ma Hongpeng , Gan Huijuan , Guo Bin , Li Panxin
Published: December 2020

Here, we report a method to improve the properties of thermoplastic starch (TPS) by surface ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking.
Magnetic graphene oxide-ultrathin nickel–organic framework composite for the extraction and determination of epoxiconazole in food samples
Authors: Chen Songqing , Wan Suyu , Lan Qingchun , Zheng Yan , Zhu Xiashi
Published: December 2020

Schematic illustration for the MSPE procedures.
Synthesis of primary N-arylthioglyoxamides from anilines, elemental sulfur and primary C–H bonds in acetophenones
Authors: Tran Khoa M. , Nguyen Nguyen H. K. , Bui Thuy T. , To Tuong A. , Phan Nam T. S. , Le Ha V. , Nguyen Tung T.
Published: December 2020

Sulfurative coupling of acetophenones and aniline in the presence of Na2SO3 and DMSO solvent to afford N-arylthioglyoxamides was developed.
High-pressure synthesis of ε-FeOOH from β-FeOOH and its application to the water oxidation catalyst
Authors: Mukai Kazuhiko , Suzuki Tomiko M. , Uyama Takeshi , Nonaka Takamasa , Morikawa Takeshi , Yamada Ikuya
Published: December 2020

Research on materials under extreme conditions such as high pressures provides new insights into the evolution and dynamics of the earth and space sciences, but recently, this research has focused on applications as functional materials.
The importance of Asn52 in the structure–function relationship of human cytochromec
Authors: Lou Dan , Liu Xi-Chun , Wang Xiao-Juan , Gao Shu-Qin , Wen Ge-Bo , Lin Ying-Wu
Published: December 2020

Naturally occurring N52S human cytochromecadopts a small fraction of high-spin species and exhibits an enhanced peroxidase activity.
An ultra-long life aqueous full K-ion battery
Authors: Li Yibo , Deng Wenjun , Zhou Zhuqing , Li Chang , Zhang Man , Yuan Xinran , Hu Jun , Chen Haibiao , Li Rui
Published: December 2020

A high voltage aqueous full K-ion battery exhibits an ultra-long lifespan of 30 000 cycles and a high energy density of 47.3 W h kg−1.
Tridecaboron diphosphide: a new infrared light active photocatalyst for efficient CO2 photoreduction under mild reaction conditions
Authors: Shi Li , Ren Xiaohui , Wang Qi , Zhou Wei , Ye Jinhua
Published: December 2020

Tridecaboron diphosphide (B13P2) is demonstrated as a novel and effective IR light active photocatalyst for the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction.
Is superhydrophobicity equal to underwater superoleophilicity? Hydrophilic wetting defects on a superhydrophobic matrix with switchable superdewetting in both air and water
Authors: Sun Yihan , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin
Published: December 2020

A simultaneous in-air superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic state is realized on a superhydrophobic matrix after incubation in weakly alkaline aqueous media.
Defective transition metal hydroxide-based nanoagents with hypoxia relief for photothermal-enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Xu Tianren , Zhu Xiaojiao , Yang Li , Bu Yingcui , Zhang Yuyang , Zhang Jie , Wang Lianke , Yu Zhipeng , Zhou Hongping
Published: December 2020

Defective black cobalt hydroxide-based nanoagents for efficient oxygen-evolving phototherapy.
Engineered protein cages for selective heparin encapsulation
Authors: Välimäki Salla , Liu Qing , Schoonen Lise , Vervoort Daan F. M. , Nonappa  , Linko Veikko , Nolte Roeland J. M. , van Hest Jan C. M. , Kostiainen Mauri A.
Published: December 2020

Virus capsid proteins modified with a heparin binding peptide can selectively bind and encapsulate heparin inside a protein cage.
Polymeric photothermal agents for cancer therapy: recent progress and clinical potential
Authors: Du Chang , Wu Xingjie , He Meng , Zhang Yongming , Zhang Rong , Dong Chang-Ming
Published: December 2020

Melanin-like, coordination polyphenols and NIR-II-responsive PTAs are introduced for PTT treatments with photodynamic, ferroptosis, and immune therapies for overcoming cancer multidrug resistance, metastasis and relapse. Mild/low-temperature PTT should be implemented with real clinical potentials.
Synthesis and optical nonlinearity investigation of novel Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene hybrid nanomaterials from 1 to 2 μm
Authors: Zhang Tong , Chu Hongwei , Dong Li , Li Ying , Zhao Shengzhi , Wang Yesheng , Zhou Jin , Li Dechun
Published: December 2020

We synthesize and characterize an Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanocomposite and implement it to produce pulses from 1 to 2 μm.
Single frequency fiber laser base on MXene with kHz linewidth
Authors: Gan Yiyu , Zhu Feng , Shi Yihuan , Wen Qiao
Published: December 2020

MXene, as a novel two-dimensional (2D) material saturable absorber (SA), has excellent nonlinear optical characteristics and strong photo-materials interactions.
Thermophotovoltaïque : des cellules PV pour convertir le rayonnement thermique
Authors: Chapuis Pierre-Olivier , Lucchesi Christophe , Vaillon Rodolphe
Published: December 2020

Les cellules solaires permettent de convertir le rayonnement du soleil en puissance électrique, mais le rayonnement thermique issu des corps chauds est une autre source d’énergie omniprésente dans le milieu ambiant qui peut être mise à profit. Les cellules dites thermophotovoltaïques convertissent en électricité ce rayonnement dans la gamme infrarouge avec des rendements attendus élevés.
Transition of originally external healthcare providers into local researchers: a case study of support activities in So-so District, Fukushima after the 2011 triple disaster
Authors: Ozaki Akihiko , Sawano Toyoaki , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: December 2020

There is a growing emphasis on the code of conduct in disaster research. It has recently been suggested that the involvement of local researchers is essential to achieving ethical behaviors when external researchers conduct fieldwork and study disaster-affected areas so that they can reflect local voices in their process and outputs. However, it is not always possible to fulfill these conditions due to the nature and preexisting resources of the affected area. Following Japan’s 2011 triple disaster, a team of healthcare providers came in for support activities in the northern coastal area of Fukushima Prefecture. They primarily worked as clinicians before going beyond their original roles and eventually functioning as local researchers by drawing on the commitment of local stakeholders both inside and outside of medical institutions. This case study conducted an in-depth analysis on the initiatives and networks of originally external healthcare providers and discussed essential elements to working as local researchers following an unprecedented disaster with complex and persistent health, social, and political impacts. In conclusion, this has contributed to the development of evidence related to radiation protection and other health issues and supports the need for ethical behavior in disaster research.
Changes in radiation protection measures after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident: evaluation of meeting minutes of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, Japan
Authors: Nirasawa T. , Tsubokura M. , Murakami M.
Published: December 2020

Since the Fukushima accident, there has been an increasing discussion on post-accident radiation protection as well as nuclear regulation and management. This study assessed the general content of discussions during the chronic phases after the accident, and analyzed the changes over the years in discussion on radiation protection measures related to the accident by focusing on the meeting minutes of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, Japan from 2012 to 2018 using the method of text mining. The analysis revealed that while the authority’s main focus was on regulation and management regarding the safety of nuclear power plants, in addition to emergency measures for the future (especially in matters such as evacuation), discussions were also held on radiation protection measures for residents and workers and risk communication in the period following the accident. The authority was observed to have dynamically tackled the issues that were regarded as most urgent after the accident and gradually shifted its focus to mid- to long-term issues. In the aftermath of a nuclear accident, it is important for the authorities responsible for nuclear regulation to deepen their knowledge of social measures such as evacuation, return of residents, and risk communication, and strengthen cooperation with experts from other fields.
Wie lange dauert das denn noch?
Authors: Reichel Philipp
Published: December 2020

Dass Familie und Freunde sich Sorgen um ihren Angehörigen machen, der gerade auf dem OP-Tisch liegt, ist nachvollziehbar. Wenn sie jedoch permanent nach dem Zustand ihres Angehörigen fragen, stört das den Ablauf, im schlimmsten Fall werden sogar Keime in den OP-Bereich eingetragen. Wie sich diese Situation für alle Beteiligten erträglicher gestalten lässt, hat unser Autor in einer Studie untersucht.
Über die heilende Kraft des echten Gesprächs
Authors: Maio Giovanni
Published: December 2020

Für den Umgang mit hilfsbedürftigen Menschen in Medizin und Pflege ist das Gespräch das Zentrale, denn mag das Gespräch auch nicht lebensrettend sein, so bleibt es gleichwohl überlebensnotwendig. Das Gespräch ist in sich wertvoll, trägt in sich einen Wert, weil das Gespräch selbst spricht. Allein dass man mit jemandem spricht, bringt man das Eigentliche schon zum Ausdruck, nämlich dass der andere Bedeutung hat. Weil das Gespräch Vermittlung und Ausdruck zugleich ist, wird auch erklärbar, warum gerade das Gespräch Wirklichkeit verändert, und dies oft in einem nachhaltigeren und tieferen Sinn, als es ein Medikament je könnte.
Endothel, vaskuläre Funktion und COVID-19
Authors: Kopp Sabrina , Münzel Thomas , Wenzel Philip
Published: December 2020

Seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie konnten zahlreiche Erkenntnisse über den 3-phasigen Verlauf einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion, den Infektionsweg und die Bedeutung einer vaskulären Dysfunktion gewonnen werden. Im Rahmen der Infektion kann es zu einer hyperinflammatorischen Phase mit sekundären Organschäden bis hin zum Tod kommen. Diese schweren Krankheitsverläufe gehen mit einer unkontrollierten Freisetzung von Entzündungsmediatoren und Zytokinen einher. Auf zellulärer Ebene bedingt der membrangebundene ACE-2-Rezeptor die Invasion des Virus und stimuliert über einen 2. Mechanismus die Metalloprotease ADAM17 sowie die Freisetzung von Zytokinen. Vasokonstriktive Veränderungen sowie die systemischen Inflammationsreaktionen führen zu hypoxischen Organschäden und thrombotischen Komplikationen. Die mikrovaskuläre Dysfunktion, Mikroangiopathien – insbesondere der kleinen Lungengefäße – sowie eine Endotheliitis können Erklärungsansätze für die ausgeprägte systemische, mikrovaskuläre
Störung bei schweren Infektionen mit SARS-CoV-2 liefern.
Dauerbrenner „Anfängeroperation"
Authors: Häser Isabel
Published: December 2020

Immer wieder beschäftigt das Thema „Anfängeroperation“ die Gerichte. Im aktuellen Fall wies das Oberlandesgericht Köln die Klage einer Patientin ab und befand, dass die Überwachung einer Assistenzärztin bei der selbstständigen Durchführung einer Herzkatheteruntersuchung von einem angrenzenden Monitorraum aus ausreichend sein kann.
Corona-Tests: Testlabore stehen am Anschlag
Authors: Reisinger Kathrin
Published: December 2020

Die Corona-Pandemie fordert nicht nur das Personal in Krankenhäusern und Arztpraxen enorm heraus. Ende Oktober waren die Labore mit ihren Testkapazitäten nahezu am Ende, 98 000 nicht ausgewertete Tests hatten sich angestaut. Eine neue Teststrategie nahm zwar etwas Druck aus dem Kessel, doch die Probleme bleiben: Es fehlt an Materialien, Reagenzien und Personal.
Barmherzige Brüder Trier: „Wir brauchen als Unternehmen eine gewisse Größe“
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: December 2020

Andreas Latz, Geschäftsführer Finanzen der Barmherzigen Brüder Trier (BBT), über die Folgen der Corona-Ausgleichszahlungen des Bundes, die Zukunft kleiner Häuser der Grundversorgung und die Schwierigkeit seiner Gruppe, die Expansion zu finanzieren.
Twisted waves in symmetric and asymmetric bi-ion kappa-distributed plasmas
Authors: Arshad Kashif , Poedts S.
Published: December 2020

Waves in bi-ion plasmas are affected by asymmetry. The kinetic theory of the Maxwellian and Lorentzian/kappa-distributed bi-ion plasma is ameliorated to incorporate the transfer of orbital angular momentum from the helical electric field to the plasma modes. By operating the Laguerre–Gaussian function, the perturbed distribution function and helical electric field are decomposed into characteristic axial and azimuthal components. In symmetric bi-ion plasmas, the conventional ion modes/waves are only present if both ions have similar masses and the concentration of the electrons is negligible. An imbalance of the symmetry is considered by the contamination of a small fraction of the heavy immobile ions, which urges the negative ions to become heavier than the positive ions in the bi-ion plasma system. The distinct masses of the positive and negative ions provoke mass-asymmetry in the kappa-distributed bi-ion plasmas. The signature of the unique acoustic-laden twisted modes in non-Maxwellian asymmetric bi-ion plasma is perceived by the temperature of the lighter positive ions and the dynamics of the heavier negative ion. The deliberated results of Landau damping are displayed for distinct values of the azimuthal wave-number and spectral index, temperature-variation, and mass-asymmetry.
Double-sided and single-sided polished 6H-SiC wafers with subsurface damage layer studied by Mueller matrix ellipsometry
Authors: Li Huihui , Cui Changcai , Bian Subiao , Lu Jing , Xu Xipeng , Arteaga Oriol
Published: December 2020

The complex optical constants and the subsurface damage layer of uniaxial doped 6H-SiC wafers are measured using Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry. A comparison is made between measurements on a single-sided polished wafer that can be treated as a semi-infinite substrate and on a double-sided polished wafer that is studied with the partial-wave theory. The refractive indices and extinction coefficients for ordinary and extraordinary directions are determined below the bandgap after point-by-point fitting of experimental Mueller matrices. The thickness of the subsurface damage layer caused by mechanical polishing and chemical mechanical polishing determined by ellipsometry is consistent with the result of transmission electron microscope. The ellipsometry results show that the analysis based on a double-sided polished wafer is more informative about the optical properties of 6H-SiC than that of the single-sided polished wafer as it renders information properties about the bulk properties of the material, for example, allowing the determination of the very weak absorption coefficient (k≈10−4) due to doping.
Low-rank sum-of-products finite-basis-representation (SOP-FBR) of potential energy surfaces
Authors: Panadés-Barrueta Ramón L. , Peláez Daniel
Published: December 2020

The sum-of-products finite-basis-representation (SOP-FBR) approach for the automated multidimensional fit of potential energy surfaces (PESs) is presented. In its current implementation, the method yields a PES in the so-called Tucker sum-of-products form, but it is not restricted to this specific ansatz. The novelty of our algorithm lies in the fact that the fit is performed in terms of a direct product of a Schmidt basis, also known as natural potentials. These encode in a non-trivial way all the physics of the problem and, hence, circumvent the usual extra ad hoc and a posteriori adjustments (e.g., damping functions) of the fitted PES. Moreover, we avoid the intermediate refitting stage common to other tensor-decomposition methods, typically used in the context of nuclear quantum dynamics. The resulting SOP-FBR PES is analytical and differentiable ad infinitum. Our ansatz is fully general and can be used in combination with most (molecular) dynamics codes. In particular, it has been interfaced and extensively tested with the Heidelberg implementation of the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree quantum dynamical software package.
Thermomagnetic instability of plasma composition gradients
Authors: Sadler James D. , Li Hui
Published: December 2020

We show that, under Braginskii magneto-hydrodynamics, anti-parallel gradients in an average ion charge state and electron temperature can be unstable to the growth of self-generated magnetic fields. The instability is analogous to the field-generating thermomagnetic instability, although it is driven by the collisional thermal force magnetic source term rather than the Biermann battery term. The gradient in ion charge state causes a gradient in collisionality, which couples with temperature perturbations to create a self-generated magnetic field. This magnetic field deflects the electron heat flux in a way that reinforces the temperature perturbation. The derived linearized growth rate, typically on hydrodynamic timescales, includes resistive and thermal smoothing. It increases with large ion composition gradients and electron heat flux, conditions typical of the hohlraum walls or contaminant mix jets in inertial confinement fusion implosions. However, extended magneto-hydrodynamic simulations indicate that the instability is usually dominated and stabilized by nonlinear Nernst advection, in a similar manner to the standard thermomagnetic instability.
Phase-locking particle image velocimetry measurements of acoustic-driven flow interactions between tandem deep cavities
Authors: Wang Peng , Deng Yifan , Mao Qian , He Chuangxin , Liu Yingzheng
Published: December 2020

Acoustic-driven flow interactions between tandem deep cavities, which manifest as resonances between the natural acoustic standing-wave mode and the intrinsic shear-layer vortex structures, were experimentally investigated by using a pressure transducer array, the planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique, and phase-locking PIV measurements. Specifically, in the phase-locking PIV measurements, a field-programmable gate array-based phase-determination strategy was used to improve the phase-locking accuracy. The pressure measurement results demonstrated that under certain Reynolds numbers, significantly intensified acoustic pressure pulsations were excited once the magnitude of the acoustic resonance occurring inside the tandem deep cavities reached almost three times the magnitude of the dynamic pressure head at the channel inlet. Beyond that, the planar-PIV results illustrated the elevated turbulent flow quantities, such as the expanded velocity gradients, amplified shear-layer momentum thickness, intensified velocity fluctuations, and statistical Reynolds shear stresses. Subsequently, a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis was conducted to successfully extract the dominant flow modes underlying the acoustic-driven flow interactions, namely, the cavity-to-cavity flow mode and the counterrotating shedding vortex mode. The first POD mode gave rise to essential flow streaks that shuttled synchronously between the tandem deep cavities, while the second POD mode contributed to the streamwise vortex-shedding motions. Finally, the phase-locking PIV results comprehensively revealed the spatiotemporal evolutions of the coherent flow structures (the upper shedding vortices and the recirculation zones beneath) and their centroid trajectories. The findings of this study could be useful for revealing the flow–acoustic coupling mechanisms in related industrial facilities.
Proper holomorphic maps of bounded two-dimensional Reinhardt domains. I
Authors: Kruzhilin N. G.
Published: December 2020

The structure of proper holomorphic maps with multiplicity higher than one from bounded Reinhardt domains in

onto two-dimensional complex manifolds is described.
Multiplicator type operators and approximation of periodic functions of one variable by trigonometric polynomials
Authors: Runovskii K. V.
Published: December 2020

The norms of the images of multiplier type operators generated by an arbitrary generator are estimated in terms of the best approximations of univariate periodic functions by trigonometric polynomials in the

-spaces,

. As corollaries, estimates for the quality of approximation by Fourier means, an inverse theorem of approximation theory, comparison theorems, an analogue of the Marchaud inequality for generalized moduli of smoothness defined by a periodic generator, as well as some constructive sufficient conditions for generalized smoothness and Bernstein type inequalities for generalized derivatives of trigonometric polynomials are obtained.

Bibliography: 49 titles.
Ramification filtration via deformations
Authors: Abrashkin V. A.
Published: December 2020

Let

be a field of formal Laurent series with coefficients in a finite field of characteristic

,

the maximal quotient of the Galois group of

of period

and nilpotency class

and

the filtration by ramification subgroups in the upper numbering. Let

be the identification of nilpotent Artin-Schreier theory: here

is the group obtained from a suitable profinite Lie

-algebra

via the Campbell-Hausdorff composition law. We develop a new technique for describing the ideals

such that

and constructing their generators explicitly. Given

, we construct an epimorphism of Lie algebras

and an action

of the formal group of order

,

,

, on

. Suppose

, where

, and

is the ideal of

generated by the elements of

. The main result in the paper states that

. In the last sections we relate this result to the explicit construction of generators of

obtained previously by the author, develop a more efficient version of it and apply it to recover the whole ramification filtration of

from the set of its jumps.

Bibliography: 13 titles.
On automorphisms of quasi-smooth weighted complete intersections
Authors: Przyjalkowski V. V. , Shramov C. A.
Published: December 2020

We show that every reductive subgroup of the automorphism group of a quasi-smooth well-formed weighted complete intersection of dimension at least

is a restriction of a subgroup in the automorphism group in the ambient weighted projective space. Also, we provide examples demonstrating that the automorphism group of a quasi-smooth well-formed Fano weighted complete intersection may be infinite and even non-reductive.

Bibliography: 25 titles.
Do we need to worry about sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in older women in Australia? An investigation of STI trends between 2000 and 2018
Authors: Bourchier Louise , Malta Sue , Temple-Smith Meredith , Hocking Jane
Published: December 2020

Background
This study examined trends in chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis diagnosis, and chlamydia testing and positivity, among older women in Australia between 2000 and 2018. Methods: Using national notifiable disease data and Medicare data, diagnosis rates were calculated for each sexually transmissible infection (STI), as well as testing and positivity rates for chlamydia. Data were compared between two older groups (55–64 and 65–74 years) and two younger groups (15–24 and 25–34 years). Poisson regression examined trends for 2000–18 and 2014–18 separately. Results: Rates for all STIs increased across all age groups and were highest in the two youngest age groups. From 2014 to 2018, chlamydia rates increased the most among those aged 55–64 years [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02–1.10] and declined in those aged 15–24 years (IRR = 0.99; 95%CI: 0.99–0.99). Gonorrhoea rates increased the most among those aged 65–74 years (IRR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.23–1.77) and least in those aged 15–24 years (IRR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.10–1.13). Syphilis rates increased the most among those aged 55–64 years (IRR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.25–1.99) and least in those aged 15–24 years (IRR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.23–1.35). Chlamydia test positivity declined among younger women but remained stable in older women. Conclusions: In general, STIs are increasing among older women in Australia at a faster rate than among younger women. Although the greatest burden is among younger women, STIs need to be considered and monitored among older women.
Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Mikulyuk Alison
Published: December 2020

Salvinia auriculata is a floating aquatic fern that is often grown as an aquatic ornamental, but has escaped cultivation and become invasive in many regions worldwide. It is highly competitive and capable of extremely fast growth; high leaf and branch densities allow it to form continuous and large mats on the waters surface. It exhibits density-dependent morphological plasticity that increases its competitive potential. Under conditions of nutrient enrichment, it can form dense mats (>50 cm thick) that shade submersed aquatic plant species, impact fisheries and negatively affect recreational activities and transportation. Dense colonies can completely outcompete native flora, decrease biodiversity and contribute to habitat degradation. The species is listed as invasive in Chile, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Taiwan, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Africa’s Blue Economy: potentials and challenges for more locally beneficial development
Authors: Akpomera Eddy
Published: December 2020

Africa has massive potential for a vibrant ‘Blue Economy’: 70% of the countries in the continent have territorial coastlines and extensive kilometres of exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the sea that are still largely untapped for economic development. This analysis on sub-Saharan Africa’s positioning in the new framework of the Blue Economy, as well as the defining bottlenecks of maritime insecurity and weak governance, finds that Africa’s coastal states lack financial and technological capacity to harvest ocean assets, and are plagued by the corrupt tendencies of the political elite. There is a need to deploy strategic use of the states’ advantageous maritime resources for more locally beneficial development.
Monte Carlo calculation of charge collection efficiencies in ionization chambers
Authors: García L I Ramos , Pérez-Azorín J F , Anguiano M , Lallena A M
Published: December 2020

Collection efficiency is an important quantity in dosimetry with ionization chambers. It can be calculated by solving a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations. This system can be solved only in few, simple, idealized geometries, but for more realistic designs an analytical resolution is no longer possible. In the present work a Monte Carlo scheme that could permit to calculate the collection efficiency for any ionization chamber geometry is proposed. This scheme has been tested against Boag’s approach for three chambers with plane-parallel, cylindrical and spherical geometries, operated in the recombination regime. The results obtained in the full Monte Carlo simulation closely agree with the Boag’s ones for the three ideal geometries considered. The largest relative difference, ∼0.3%, has been found for the plane-parallel chamber in case of 50 V, the lowest potential difference investigated in this study. Results appear to be stable against changes in the chamber volume, the ion mobility and the recombination constant. The method proposed could be a useful tool to calculate collection efficiencies of ionization chambers, provided the electric field inside them is known.
Influence of coexistence of mild OSA on airway mucus hypersecretion in patients with COPD
Authors: Wan Nansheng , Tang Xin , Ding Hui , Yan Yuxia , Zhuang Yan , Qi Chao , Chen Qianqian , Xie Wei , Zhang Jing , Wang Yan , Liang Maoli , Ning Wen , Cao Jie
Published: December 2020

The coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can cause multiple system damage, and the main physiological mechanisms are continuous hypoxia and intermittent hypoxia (IH). Airway mucus hypersecretion is an important clinical feature of COPD, which can cause a progressive decline of lung function, acute COPD aggravation, and disease progression. The purpose of our study is to determine the influence of the coexistence of mild OSA on airway mucus hypersecretion. Clinical data and airway epithelial samples of 36 subjects were collected. The average fluorescence intensity of MUC5AC and the number of goblet cells were measured through immunofluorescence staining. MUC5AC expression was measured in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to normoxia, IH, particulate matter (PM), and PM + IH using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. FEV1% pred and FEV1/FVC were higher in patients with COPD-OSA overlap syndrome (OS) than in patients with COPD alone. Patients with OS had less sputum volume than patients with COPD alone. MUC5AC expression and the number of goblet cells in the airway epithelium in the COPD alone group were significantly higher than those in the OS groups. The PM + IH group had lower MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression in HBE cells than the PM group. The coexistence of mild OSA may reduce goblet cell proliferation and MUC5AC expression in the airway epithelium of patients with COPD. Mild IH inhibited PM-induced up-regulation of MUC5AC expression in the mRNA and protein levels in HBE cells.
Ultrafast photocurrents in MoSe2 probed by terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Yagodkin Denis , Nádvorník Lukáş , Gueckstock Oliver , Gahl Cornelius , Kampfrath Tobias , Bolotin Kirill I
Published: December 2020

We use the terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy to study femtosecond photocurrent dynamics in the prototypical 2D semiconductor, transition metal dichalcogenide MoSe2. We identify several distinct mechanisms producing THz radiation in response to an ultrashort (30 fs) optical excitation in a bilayer (BL) and a multilayer (ML) sample. In the ML, the THz radiation is generated at a picosecond timescale by out-of-plane currents due to the drift of photoexcited charge carriers in the surface electric field. The BL emission is generated by an in-plane shift current. Finally, we observe oscillations at about 23 THz in the emission from the BL sample. We attribute the oscillations to quantum beats between two excitonic states with energetic separation of ∼100 meV.
The Raman band shift of suspended graphene impacted by the substrate edge and helium ion irradiation
Authors: Xie Wanyi , He Shixuan , Fang Shaoxi , Zhou Daming , Zhang Yongna , Liang Liyuan , Wang Liang , Wang Deqiang
Published: December 2020

Non-through and through nanopores were introduced to study the Raman band shift of suspended graphene by the substrate edge and the helium ion beam irradiation during the fabrication of nanopore in graphene. Before the ion beam irradiation, there is a blue-shift in the G band and G’ band of suspended graphene on the micro-scale non-through and through holes edge because of the n-type mixing for suspended graphene from the translocation. After different doses of the helium ion irradiation, G’ band Raman of suspended graphene on through are blue-shift, and the G band positions are red-shift. Helium ion irradiation introduces n-type doping during the graphene nanopore fabrication. The observed Raman shifts help us to gain more intrinsic properties of the graphene nanopore. Thus, Raman spectroscopy can be used as a quantitative diagnostic tool to character graphene-based nanopore.
Chapter 25 miss madalina demolines
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

‘I don’t think you care two straws about her,’ Conway Dalrymple said to his friend John Eames, two days after the dinner-party at Mrs Dobbs Broughton’s. The painter was at work in his studio, and the private secretary from the Income-tax Office, who...