bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deformation Micromechanics in Model Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Part II: The Microbond Test
Authors: Gu X. , Young R. J.
Published: November 2015

Raman spectroscopy is used to study the deformation micromechanics of the microbond test for a carbon fiber epoxy resin system using surface-treated and untreated PAN-based fibers, and the results are compared with those of the conventional microbond test. Fiber strain and interfacial shear stress (ISS) are mapped along the embedded regions of fibers during the test using the Raman technique, and the maximum value of ISS, τmax, is determined. The maximum τmax value can be used to characterize the strength of the fiber matrix interface, and it is higher for specimens with surface-treated fibers. The apparent value of interfacial shear strength, τ a, determined from conventional analysis of the microbond test, is a function of the embedded fiber length. However, the value of τ a extrapolated to zero embedded length, τ i, is comparable to the maximum ISS value, τmax, determined from the Raman analysis. The influence on the results of radial compression and geometric factors, such as droplet shape and size and separation of the knife edges, is also discussed.
Cotton Fabrics Produced with Twistless Wrap Spun Yarns
Authors: Ruppenicker G. F. , Sawhney A. P. S. , Calamari T. A. , Harper R. J.
Published: November 2015

Properties of fabrics woven with wrap spun yarns and equivalent ring spun yarns of Upland cotton have been investigated. Experimental wrap spun yarns were made on a modern, special machine, which produces so-called twistless yarns from staple fibers that are held together by a fine multifilament wrap yarn. The filament wrap used for the experimental yarns was water soluble polyvinyl alcohol. Ring spun yarns were produced conventionally. Each kind of yarn was woven separately as both warp and filling into plain, twill, and sateen fabrics. The water soluble wrap of the wrap spun fabrics was removed during normal wet processing, yielding completely twistless cotton fabrics. The various fabrics were evaluated for their important mechanical properties. Results show that, compared to the ring spun equivalents, the tighter, plain-woven, twistless fabric (of typical average density) fared reasonably well in tensile breaking strength but was slightly weaker in tearing strength; the relatively looser twill and sateen twistless fabrics were significantly weaker in both tensile and tear strengths. Respective fabrics of the two yarn types, however, showed no significant difference in abrasion resistance, although the twill and sateen fabrics made with both yarns generally had lower flex abrasion resistance than the corresponding plain fabrics. Twistless fabrics, like their ring spun counterparts, maintained their tensile and tear properties after repeated laundering.
Instrumental Measurement and Macroscopical Study of Sanding and Raising
Authors: Bueno Marie-Ange , Viallier Pierre , Durand Bernard , Renner Marc , Lamy Bernard
Published: November 2015

Comfort is a major selling point for clothes, and tactile comfort is essential; a fabric must be pleasant to the touch. Several textile finishing processes improve fabric touch: sanding (or emerizing) (for 30% of clothes) and raising (for polar fleece, a current popular product), for example. There is no current control system for these processes, which are very often used but not well understood. This study describes a tribological method for investigating sanding and raising, and brings to light the effects of these processes on the fabric surface. A textile fabric is rubbed with a probe of a multidirectional roughness meter, and the signal is studied in the frequency domain. The calculated autospectrum shows several peaks that correspond to the kind of weave or knit and the fabric density. The peak height changes with the process intensity and decreases after sanding or raising, due to a modification of the fabric profile. The multidirectional roughness meter provides information about the fabric surface state and the fundamental directions of fabric relief, which depend on the kind of weave or knit. Observations with a scanning electron microscope and edge extraction of hairs produced by sanding or raising are used to interpret this information.
Durability and Aesthetic Properties of Kenaf/Cotton Blend Fabrics
Authors: Ramaswamy Gita N. , Easter Elizabeth P.
Published: November 2015

To evaluate the serviceability of a new textile product made of an unconventional fiber blend, it is important to determine if the fabric meets the specific standards required for the intended end-use. The value-added textile products of interest are fabrics made of 50/50 kenaf/cotton in the filling direction and 100% cotton in the warp direction, made in sateen, plain, twill, and oxford weaves. The control fabrics are of 100% cotton in only the plain and sateen weaves. The fabrics are characterized and compared based on ten of the most common fabric properties that affect their performance in everyday use: thread count, thickness, weight, breaking strength and elongation, dimensional stability, wrinkle recovery, abrasion resistance, tear strength, staining and stain release, and pilling resistance. Breaking strength of the experimental fabrics compares well with the control fabrics. Elongation at break is greater in the warp direction (19–35%) than in the filling direction (11–15%), but this difference is not significant. Wrinkle recovery for both fabrics is the same and improves over time. Shrinkage is identical in both fabrics. There is no significant difference in the stiffness of the two fabrics, possibly due to the carding step where kenaf fibers are carded to resemble cotton fibers. Abrasion and pilling resistance are good to excellent. Tear resistance is lower for the experimental fabrics compared with the controls, but it does pass the requirements for both upholstery and apparel fabrics. Kenaf/cotton blends perform the same or better than 100% cotton in their ability to release water-based stains, but the oil stain rates between 3 and 4, indicating a residual stain. Stain resistance can be improved by applying a soil-resistant finish. This study demonstrates that kenaf/cotton blend fabrics meet or exceed the performance requirements for both apparel ( i.e., outer wear items such as barn jackets, hunting vests, overalls, and caps) and upholstery fabrics. Additional advantages of the blend fabrics may be luster, interesting texture, and lightness.
Contested Terrain: Negotiating Racial Understandings in Public Discourse
Authors: Doane Ashley W.
Published: November 2015

An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, March 28–31, 1996. Special thanks to Lelia Lomba De Andrade for her many insightful comments on an earlier draft. Correspondence to author at: Hillyer College, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06119. Internet: doane@uhavax.hartford.edu
An Evaluation of Alternative Screening Procedures
Authors: Reid Carol , Romanoff Brenda , Algozzine Bob , Udall Ann
Published: November 2015

Disproportional minority membership in special programs has become a major issue in gifted education programs. Identifying students who are gifted has traditionally been grounded in criteria emphasizing unitary measures of intellectual ability. An alternative perspective with promise for addressing concerns related to disproportion and bias in placement practices has emerged from the theory of multiple intelligences (MI; Gardner, 1983, 1993). While perspectives and opinions regarding multiple intelligences are plentiful, research on the effectiveness of assessment and instructional practices grounded in MI theory has been sparse. This research was designed to shed light on the problem-solving assessment (PSA) procedure, an application of MI theory focused on identification of students for gifted education programs. Scores and decisions grounded in PSA and more traditional criteria were described, compared, and analyzed. As in previous research, positive correlations were evident among scores for different types of intelligences and applications of another identification criterion. More important, different groups of students were identified when using each approach; a more diverse population was identified with the problem-solving-assessment procedure.
Cognitive Abilities of Gifted Students as Measured by the Developing Cognitive Abilities Test
Authors: Karnes Frances A. , Lee Leta
Published: November 2015

The Developing Cognitive Abilities Test was administered to 97 intellectually gifted students. Both male and female students achieved their highest scores on the verbal abilities component of the test while males scored higher than females on the spatial component. The research group of gifted students scored significantly higher than the norming group on the four subtests representing knowledge, comprehension, application and analysis; there was no significant difference between the scores for the two groups on the synthesis subtest.
Bright Students and Their Adjustment to College
Authors: Laycock Frank
Published: November 2015

College and universities have traditionally provided the opportunity for bright young people to continue beyond high school and to complete their preparation for adulthood. But since these students and the campuses they attend (especially American ones) are so varied, college means many different things. Some students proceed effectively and fulfill their potential, others falter or drop out. This article explores the academic and non-academic patterns of success and difficulty that the brightest college students display. Just as there is no single “bright college student,” so there is no simple “adjustment to college.”
A Model Program for Gifted Girls in Science
Authors: Rand Donna , Gibb Lydia H.
Published: November 2015

This article describes a model program designed to increase involvement of gifted girls in science with the ultimate goal of increasing the number of women in scientific and science related fields. This article discusses background information and related research concerning why we started a ‘girls only’ program. Basic components of the program include parental involvement, female role models, hands-on investigations and enjoyment of science activities. There are brief descriptions of two sample activities which stress self-confidence, use of equipment and the process of investigation. This model has been implemented at this institution as well as being adapted and modified in the public sector.
A Solution in Search of a Problem: The Role of Technology in Educational Reform
Authors: Barr David
Published: November 2015

There are five goals which are essential to meaningful educational reform: making learning more independent, more individualized, more interactive, more interdisciplinary and more intuitive. There are technological tools which can help overcome some of the obstacles to achieving those goals. Independent learning can be improved by the use of various forms of electronic data bases and by automated data acquisition and processing tools. Individualized learning can be encouraged by Computer-Aided Instructional software and by specialized data bases including hypertext and hypermedia. Interactive learning can be fostered by the use of video projection systems, intelligent tutors, interactive video systems, and telecommunication networks. Interdisciplinary learning can be promoted by the uses of generic software tools such as spreadsheets, data base management systems, and word processors as well as by simulation and modeling software. Finally, intuitive learning can be supported by the use of various kinds of visualization software including graphing calculators, graphing software and three-dimensional modeling programs.
Disadvantaged and Culturally Diverse Gifted Students
Authors: Frasier Mary M.
Published: November 2015

The low number of gifted students identified in disadvantaged and culturally diverse groups has been, and continues to be, problematic. Why has this problem persisted? Why do we know, think we know, and need to know about resolving identification issues? This paper provides responses to these questions and proposes a possible solution. A profile system is presented that describes a viable way to utilize data from test and non-test sources to identify these children.
A Model for Evaluating Programs for the Gifted under Non-experimental Conditions
Authors: Carter Kyle R.
Published: November 2015

The author describes an evaluation model for assessing programs for the gifted under non-experimental conditions, which are typical of educational settings, and then presents a sample evaluation to illustrate the application of the model. The model consists of four components: ex post facto designs including intact groups, comparative evaluation, strength of treatment and multiple outcome assessment from flexible data sources. It is based upon three assumptions: 1) meaningful data for program evaluations can be obtained without performing tightly controlled experiments, which are usually impractical for field settings, 2) suitable instrumentation is available or can be constructed to measure student outcomes, and 3) appropriate comparison groups can be obtained in the school setting to provide a test for curricula for the gifted. It is the author's contention that proper use of the model in field settings can provide relevant program evaluation information correlated with program effectiveness. These findings, if properly interpreted, can be helpful to decision makers who make formative and summative decisions about programs for the gifted.
Problem-Based Learning for Traditional and Interdisciplinary Classrooms
Authors: Stepien William J. , Gallagher Shelagh A. , Workman David
Published: November 2015

Classroom instruction in problem solving often takes the form of presenting neat, verification-style problems to students at the end of a period of learning. This practice stands in stark contrast to professional problem solving, where the problem comes first, and is a catalyst for investigation and learning. Problem-based learning provides students with an opportunity to grapple with realistic, ill-structured problems using the same kinds of techniques and habits of mind professionals use. The problem-based curriculum and instruction design puts students in the role of professional problem solvers by designing instruction around the investigation of an ill-structured problem. Teachers act as metacognitive coaches and tutors instead of “experts” who have the “right answer” to the problem. Two different applications of problem-based learning at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy are described in this article. One application is in an interdisciplinary senior elective course entitled Science, Society and the Future where problems investigate modern dilemmas resulting in modern advances in science and technology; the other is in a more traditional sophomore required course, American Studies, where the problems studied provide students with a feel for the critical decisions which drove the development of the Nation. A description of research projects underway to document the effectiveness of the program is also provided.
Use of Metacognitive Reading Strategies by Gifted Learning Disabled Students: An Exploratory Study
Authors: McGuire K. Lesley , Yewchuk Carolyn R.
Published: November 2015

This study examines the use of metacognitive strategies by four upper elementary gifted students with reading disabilities during a reading comprehension think-aloud task. The students had WISC-R Verbal or Performance IQs above 125 and standardized reading achievement scores at least one year below grade placement. The results indicated that, although in general the four students actively monitored their reading and reported frequent use of evaluation, paraphrase, and regulation metacognitive strategies, they were not proficient in executing the strategies effectively. Analysis of student profiles revealed significant individual differences in implementation of strategies, indicating a need for individualized reading instruction matched to student profiles.
The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Self-concept on Academic Achievement in Second- and Third-Grade Students
Authors: Goldberg Marc D. , Cornell Dewey G.
Published: November 2015

This study examined the influence of intrinsic motivation and perceived competence on subsequent academic achievement among second- and third-grade students participating in a national study of students in gifted programs. Measures of intrinsic motivation, perceived competence, and academic achievement were administered near the beginning and end of one school year. Factor analyses supported the internal validity of the intrinsic motivation and perceived competence measures in subgroups of second- and third-grade students and in students in gifted versus regular education programs. Structural equation modeling indicated that intrinsic motivation influenced perceived competence and that perceived competence influenced subsequent academic achievement.
Children's Thoughts about the Future: Comparing Gifted & Nongifted Students after 20 Years
Authors: George Pamela G. , Scheft Tom
Published: November 2015

Twenty years after the original study comparing gifted and regular students' thoughts and concerns about the future, this study reexamines those same issues in the same school community. In 1975, gifted students were significantly more pessimistic toward the future than regular students. When faced with future problems, the gifted students were significantly more solutions oriented than regular students. Today, the situation has changed. Both groups are increasingly more negative toward the future, and the pessimism of gifted students has dramatically increased. More problematic for educators is that gifted students are less solutions oriented. Gifted students see a plethora of problems and few solutions.
Accessory Muscle Activity and Respiration
Authors: Ellenbogen Benjamin G. , Gerber Thomas G. , Coon Robert L. , Toohill Robert J.
Published: November 2015

The relationship between the accessory muscle activity (sternohyoid and sternothyroid) and respiration was studied in canines. These animals do not have an omohyoid muscle such as found in primates. Therefore, chair‐trained monkeys that have all three accessory muscles were used in a portion of the study. Findings in canines supported those previously reported. The sternothyroid muscle fired spontaneously with the onset of inspiration, but there was no similar activity in the sternohyoid. The activity of both muscles was observed after sectioning the recurrent laryngeal nerves and inducing hypoxia and hypercarbia. The severely hypoxic animals produced some negligible activity in the sternohyoid muscle. The data obtained from the chair‐trained monkeys showed no consistent accessory muscle activity during normal respiration with recordings taken immediately after electrode placement, at 24 hours, and one week later. Respiratory activity was consistent in the omohyoid and sternothyroid but not in the sternohyoid muscle when partial airway obstruction and hypoxia were induced.
Antimicrobial Treatment of Otitis Media: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Sulfonamides
Authors: Parkin James L.
Published: November 2015

Otitis media continues to be one of the most common diagnoses made in the offices of family physicians, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists. The emergence of ampicillin resistant Hemophilus influenzae as an important etiologic agent for otitis media has altered the selection of a therapeutic antimicrobial drug. This article reviews the role of the penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides in the treatment of otitis media. Amoxicillin continues to be the drug chosen for the uncultured otitis media. Backup drugs for use in unresponsive cases include trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin‐sulfisoxazole, and cefaclor. The cost of the drug should be a factor in the selection when efficacy is equal.
Otitis Media with Effusion: Results of Treatment with a Short Course of Oral Prednisone or Intranasal Beclomethasone Aerosol
Authors: Schwartz Richard H.
Published: November 2015

A short course of prednisone suspension given in a decreasing dosage schedule for up to ten days was often effective (68%) in resolving mucoid otitis media with effusion (OME, middle ear effusion). No significant side effects were noted. Concommitant administration of sulfisoxazole suspension may have reduced the likelihood of activation of a quiescent infection of the middle ear. During an eight‐month mean follow‐up period, reaccumulation of the effusion was detected in 21% of the successfully treated children.

Preliminary results of an unrelated, pilot project using intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol suggests that this novel method also may be efficacious in the treatment of OME.
Osteogenesis from a Free Periosteal Graft in Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Stanley Robert B. , Rice Dale H.
Published: November 2015

Mandibular reconstruction following resection for oral carcinoma requires an implant that is functionally and cosmetically acceptable. A preliminary study was performed to design a simple, yet effective way to do this. Neoosteogenesis was found at the interface of autoclaved, reimplanted bone and simulated free periosteal grafts. This indicates the possible clinical applicability of heat‐treating resected bone to kill viable cells and reimplanting the bone with a free periosteal graft covering to reconstruct segmental mandibular defects.
Bacteriology of Otitis Media: A Review
Authors: Schwartz Richard H.
Published: November 2015

This article reviews the microbiology of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion. Emphasis is given to the method of specimen collection and the technique of office bacteriology. Several long‐held beliefs are reexamined in the light of current information, particularly the expanded role of Haemophilus influenzae in older children and the diminished role of Mycoplasma in bullous myringitis. Information is presented on anaerobes and Chlamydia trachomatis as pathogens in otitis media.
A Simple, Inexpensive, Disposable Suction Device for Laser Surgery
Authors: Cohen Noel L.
Published: November 2015

Described is a transnasal plastic suction catheter system for use in laser surgery of the upper aerodigestive tracts.

The appropriately sized catheter is passed through the nostril into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, or hypopharynx, depending on the site of the lesion being treated. Constant, low suction is used to remove steam, smoke, and fine particulate debris as it is produced by the laser beam.

This system requires no adaptation of conventional instruments, frees both of the surgeon's hands, is automatic, and of minimal cost.
Management of Airway Obstruction in Children with Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Snyderman Nancy L. , Stool Sylvan E.
Published: November 2015

Airway obstruction in the child with infectious mononucleosis is a rare but extremely serious complication. Tracheostomy, tonsillectomy, and corticosteroids have been used in the management of this problem. We propose a conservative but successful regimen of intravenous hydration, corticosteroid therapy, and placement of a nasopharyngeal airway to deal with this problem.
Cervical Heterotopic Salivary Gland Neoplasms: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Zajtchuk Joan T. , Patow Carl A. , Hyams Vincent J.
Published: November 2015

Salivary gland neoplasms found within cervical lymph nodes and occurring as neck masses probably represent primary tumors of heterotopic salivary gland tissue. Five new cases of cervical heterotopic salivary gland neoplasms having appropriate clinical follow‐up are added to the literature from ten case reports reviewed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology from 1956 to 1980. The rarity of these tumors precludes a definitive statement regarding the treatment of this primary tumor of the neck. The most appropriate follow‐up may be long‐term serial clinical evaluations of the head and neck after excision of the neck mass.
Transoral Management of Pharyngeal Diverticula After Laryngectomy
Authors: Shapshay Stanley M. , Davis Roy K. , Vaughan Charles W. , Vincent Miriam E. , Strong M. Stuart
Published: November 2015

Pharyngeal diverticula were documented by barium swallow radiographs in 21 out of 28 laryngectomy patients. Four patients with severe dysphagia from large diverticula were treated by transoral excision of the posterior or “party” wall with the CO2 laser. Recurrence of the pouch is common, and repeated treatment is sometimes necessary.
An Intraoral Self‐Contained Artificial Larynx
Authors: Lowry Louis D. , Katz Philip A. , Brenman Henry S. , Schwartz Hal L.
Published: November 2015

It has been estimated that approximately one third to one half of persons undergoing total laryngectomy do not obtain a satisfactory voice. These patients remain aphonic or use artificial larynges to facilitate their communication. A multidisciplinary group at Thomas Jefferson University has developed a miniaturized artificial larynx that fits on a dental prosthesis or dental plate which has over a 100‐dB sound pressure level output at the source and is powered by two hearing aid batteries with a life expectancy of over 100 hours of continuous use. Clinical trials have shown that persons using other artificial devices quickly adapt to this new artificial larynx, and the first person who began using the device, an Italian, commented that he could now use both hands, and felt that this was a great help because of his ethnic background.
Cancers of the Skin of the Nose
Authors: Goepfert Helmuth , Arredondo Rafael , McNeese Marsha D.
Published: November 2015

The records of 305 patients with cancers of the nasal skin were reviewed. The majority of patients had benign basal cell carcinomas. The selection of therapy was geared to the location and extent of disease, the type of prior therapy employed, and the experience of the treatment team. It is important not to underestimate the multicentricity of basal cell carcinomas and to recognize the aggressive nature of some of the squamous cell carcinomas.
Endoscopic Photography of the Middle Ear
Authors: Nomura Yasuya
Published: November 2015

A side‐ or oblique‐viewing needle otoscope is helpful in locating lesions and in diagnosing middle ear diseases. Photographs can be taken by connecting the needle otoscope with a special camera equipped with an automatic exposure system and a self‐winding system.
Intraoperative Laryngeal Photographic Techniques
Authors: Bass Richard M. , Kilbourne Charles Scott
Published: November 2015

We present two simple techniques for intraoperative laryngeal photography. New developments in high‐intensity flash units coupled to recently developed high‐quality optical telescopes or through a new fiberoptic light guide to an operating microscope have made this possible. Either method makes high‐quality documentation of intraoperative laryngeal procedures a convenient routine operation. We describe the instruments, the techniques, and the past literature leading to these results.
Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma Occurring as a Mass in the Neck
Authors: Gustafson Ray O. , Maragos Nicolas E. , Reiman Herbert M.
Published: November 2015

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm. Arising from a primitive mesenchymal stem cell and primarily affecting young adults, this lesion demands aggressive therapy, including surgical treatment, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
Osteogenic Sarcoma of the Ethmoid Sinus
Authors: Papsidero Michael J. , Baker Shan R.
Published: November 2015

Osteogenic sarcoma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of bone, though it rarely involves the facial skeleton. The first reported case of osteogenic sarcoma arising in the ethmoid sinus is presented.
Bone Graft Techniques
Authors: Lawson William , Biller Hugh F.
Published: November 2015

Results of treatment in a series of 60 patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction by a variety of methods are reported. Delayed reconstruction was performed, using a titanium mesh tray with cancellous bone fragments and block bone grafts removed from the iliac crest, rib, and mandible in 34 patients, with an overall success rate of 91%. Immediate reconstruction was performed with a wire mesh prosthesis containing particulate bone and composite flaps in 26 patients, with an overall success rate of 46%. Oral contamination of the graft at the time of surgery appeared to be the factor limiting the success of immediate mandibular reconstruction. Block grafts of bone were extremely reliable in reconstituting the continuity of the mandible when inserted through an extraoral approach as a delayed repair. Mandibular reconstruction was succesfully accomplished even following high‐dose radiotherapy.
Intratemporal Facial Nerve Injuries
Authors: Kamerer Donald B.
Published: November 2015

A summary of the results of operative intervention for intratemporal facial nerve injuries in 81 cases is given. Causes, preoperative assessment, and operative techniques are discussed. The necessity for a variation in surgical approaches is stressed, depending on location of injury and associated neurologic findings.
A Study of Methods Used to Enhance Wave I in the Auditory Brain Stem Response
Authors: Ruth Roger A. , Hildebrand Debra L. , Cantrell Robert W.
Published: November 2015

Auditory brain stem responses (ABR) were recorded in 15 audiometrically and neurologically normal adult subjects. The purpose of the study was to investigate various aspects of stimulus composition (intensity, click rate, and polarity) and response measurement parameters (band‐pass filtering and electrode linkage) that might serve to enhance detectability of wave I in the ABR. Amplitude of wave I was significantly enhanced by an increase in intensity, a decrease in click rate, and use of a negative (rarefaction) polarity click. Amplitude of wave I was not significantly influenced by bandwidth of the response filter or by a horizontal (mastoid‐to‐mastoid) electrode linkage. Use of simultaneous response acquisition from an ipsilateral and contralateral reference electrode array did aid in the detection or visualization of wave I, particularly for lower stimulus intensity levels or faster click rates.
A Simple Way of Administering Oxygen to the Pediatric Patient with Upper Airway Obstruction
Authors: Calkins Jerry M. , Saunders Reynolds J. , Koopmann Charles F.
Published: November 2015

An open‐top oxygen tent has been developed for supplying humidified oxygen to the pediatric patient while allowing easy access to the child's head, neck, and upper thoracic region with limited impairment of either observations or movement of the child. This tent is easily and economically fabricated from 0.002‐in clear plastic sheeting and 3/4‐in polyvinyl chloride pipe available from a local hardware store.
Paraganglioma of Vagal Origin
Authors: Hirsch Barry E. , Johnson Jonas T. , Black F. Owen , Myers Eugene N.
Published: November 2015

Vagal paragangliomas are anatomically specific tumors of neuroectodermal origin. The history, embryology, and anatomic classification of these tumors will be reviewed and our present experience with six patients with vagal paragangliomas summarized. All patients had vocal cord dysfunction; various other findings depended upon the extent of the tumor. We found that massive tumors extending rostral to the jugular fossa may be difficult or impossible to distinguish from jugulotympanic paragangliomas.
Heat Myringotomy for the Treatment of Serous Otitis Media
Authors: Goode Richard L. , Schulz Werner
Published: November 2015

A new heat myringotomy device is described that produces a 2‐mm myringotomy which remains open three to four weeks without the need for a ventilation tube. The device can be used in the office in young children under iontophoretic anesthesia and may eliminate the need for tube insertion in 50% of chronic serous otitis media cases.
Tympanostomy Tubes: Do They Significantly Benefit the Patient
Authors: Smyth Gordon D.L. , Patterson Christopher C. , Hall Samuel
Published: November 2015

To gain more information about the role of tympanostomy tubes in the treatment of chronic middle ear effusion, the authors conducted a randomized trial that clearly indicated the short‐term advantages of combining the insertion of an Armstrong ventilator tube with paracentesis and fluid aspiration over paracentesis and aspiration alone. A retrospective study of the success rate with three types of tympanostomy tubes (Shepard, Armstrong, and Paparella) was also carried out. The Armstrong tube had the highest success rate.
Effects of Topical Sodium Potassium ATPase Inhibitors upon Endocochlear Potential in Chinchilla
Authors: Rybak Leonard P. , Morizono Tetsuo
Published: November 2015

Sodium orthovanadate (vanadate) is a recently discovered inhibitor of the enzyme sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase, which has properties similar to ouabain in peripheral tissues. The effects of topical application of vanadate and ouabain to the round window membrane of the chinchilla were studied using endocochlear potential (EP) and action potential as measures of cochlear function. The EP demonstrated an initial elevation followed by a secondary decline after topical application of 2 mmol vanadate to the round window membrane. During the EP elevation, the resistance was unchanged, but the action potential response declined, with a greater effect on responses to 8‐kHz tone bursts than to 2‐kHz tone bursts. Thus, it does not appear that the initial increase of endocochlear potential that was observed was due to a change in the resistance of the cochlear duct; rather, some other mechanism must be involved. The round window topical application of potentially ototoxic drugs accompanied by cochlear function monitoring appears to be a useful method for testing drugs with marked systemic effects such as ouabain or vanadate and is simpler to perform than perilymphatic or vascular perfusion.
An Animal Model of Acute Otitis Media Consequent to β‐Lactamase‐Producing Nontypable Haemophilus Influenzae
Authors: Doyle William J. , Supance John S. , Marshak Gabriel , Cantekin Erdem I. , Bluestone Charles D. , Rohn Dale D.
Published: November 2015

A chinchilla model of acute otitis media with effusion consequent to β‐lactamase‐producing nontypable Haemophilus influenzae was developed using the method of direct inoculation of 145 colony‐forming units (CFU) or 252 CFU of β‐lactamase—producing nontypable H influenzae into the right superior bullae of 40 chinchillas. The course of the disease was documented longitudinally by otomicroscopy, tympanometry, and periodic culturing of the middle ears. Onset of the disease occurred in 100% of the animals between two and six days postinoculation and resolution was complete in all ears by day 36. Results of rechallenge with the same organism support the combined effect of a local and weaker systemic middle ear protective mechanism rendering resistance to reinfection with a homologous organism in the chinchilla.
The Role of Coagulase‐Negative Staphylococci in Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion
Authors: Bernstein Joel M. , Dryja Diane , Neter Erwin
Published: November 2015

Twenty‐eight middle ear effusions from 27 patients with chronic otitis media with effusion were studied for the presence of bacteria. The most common isolates were coagulase‐negative staphylococci. However, biochemical and antibiotic sensitivity patterns demonstrated that these organisms represented a heterogenous group. At least three subtypes of coagulase‐negative staphylococci were identified from the middle ear effusions, and in only one instance was the isolate from the ear canal identical with that of the middle ear effusion. The data presented suggest that coagulase‐negative staphylococci from the middle ear effusions may not be contaminants; however, it cannot be determined from this study whether these organisms play a role as pathogens or as the result of indolent colonization.
Microfibrillar Collagen in the Oval Window
Authors: Liston Stephen L.
Published: November 2015

Compressed microfibrillar collagen was used to seal openings in cat oval windows. Histologic examination showed the material was well tolerated and produced a good oval window seal. Because of its hemostatic properties, this material should prove to be useful when bleeding is encountered during a stapedectomy.
Myringoplasty with simple mastoidectomy: Results in eighty‐two consecutive patients
Authors: Jackler Robert K. , Schindler Robert A.
Published: November 2015

Eighty‐two patients underwent myringoplasty combined with simple mastoidectomy when preoperative indicators suggested an increased risk of failure with myringoplasty alone. Indications for mastoid exploration included (1) chronic aural discharge, (2) suspicion of cholesteatoma, (3) previous failed myringoplasty, and (4) small sclerotic mastoid. Healing of perforations was successful in 71 patients (86.6%), and the air‐bone gap was closed to within 20 dB in 85%. No mastoidectomy‐related complications occurred, nor was there a tendency to form postoperative cholesteatoma. Simple mastoidectomy is considered to be a safe and effective adjunct to myringoplasty in selected cases of chronic otitis media with perforation.
Autoimmune reactivity in Cogan's syndrome: A preliminary report
Authors: Hughes Gordon B. , Kinney Sam E. , Barna Barbara P. , Tomsak Robert L. , Calabrese Leonard H.
Published: November 2015

Autoimmune inner ear disease was first described by McCabe in 1979. The diagnosis is supported by cell‐mediated immune responses to inner ear membrane antigen stimulation. Cogan's syndrome consists of vestibuloauditory dysfunction, ocular inflammation, and nonreactive serologic tests for syphilis. The ocular disease can be controlled by steroids; unfortunately, some patients ultimately become totally deaf. An autoimmune etiology has long been suspected but only recently confirmed by McCabe. In our study two patients with Cogan's syndrome were studied for autoimmune inner ear disease with the use of both cellular and humoral immune tests. Results were compared to normal control subjects. On the basis of test results, preliminary conclusions were that (1) the vestibuloauditory symptoms of Cogan's syndrome are autoimmune in origin; (2) the autoimmune process is mediated through cellular rather than humoral (antibody) pathways; (3) systemic steroids may suppress positive test results; and (4) test results are more likely to be positive when symptoms are acute. Therapeutic implications are significant: the addition of cytotoxic drugs to steroids in selected cases may help prevent total deafness that otherwise might be inevitable.
Acute cranial polyneuritis with vertigo after stapedectomy
Authors: Adour Kedar K. , Wilcox Robert D. , Byl Fred M.
Published: November 2015

Acute vertigo occurring 48 hours after stapedectomy is assumed to be related to inner ear trauma. Similarly, acute vertigo occurring weeks after stapedectomy could be related to a fistula of the oval window. No one has tested the hypothesis that some of these cases could represent concomitant cranial polyneuritis. We report the development after stapedectomy of five cases of acute cranial polyneuritis with vertigo diagnosed by physical examination of the cranial nerves. In another case we determined that vertigo occurring after stapedectomy was not related to concomitant cranial polyneuritis. Although all the patients were treated with corticosteroids, the vertigo resolved within 12 to 24 hours only in those whose vertigo we had ascribed to polyneuritis.
Cable Guide for Multiple Accessory Cords on the Operating Microscope
Authors: DiBartolomeo Joseph R.
Published: November 2015

It has been three decades since the operating microscope for otologic surgery was introduced into the United States. Today's surgical microscope is used not only for surgery but also for still photography, motion pictures, and videotape recordings. The needs of photography are such that additional fiberoptic light sources or strobe flash units are often attached to the operating microscope for illumination during photography. Each accessory uses a cord or cable to its electrical source, causing a myriad of cords to be serried alongside the extension arms of the microscope. Multiple cables frequently become entangled and create drag, which restricts the mobility of the microscope. A cable‐carrying guide system of stainless steel rods shaped into open spirals of approximately one and one‐half turns is described. The system contains the accessory cords while permitting full mobility of the microscope during surgical procedures.
Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis of the Facial Bones and Mandible
Authors: Yenson Anthony , DeFries Hugh O. , Deeb Ziad E.
Published: November 2015

Actinomyces israelii is a part of the human oral flora and thus is more commensal than pathogenic. Oral trauma, accidental or purposeful, can precipitate its introduction into the soft tissues, to which infection is usually confined. The case presented is one in which, over a span of two decades (1956 to 1977), the extraction of a mandibular tooth resulted in a chronic actinomycotic osteomyelitis, destroying first the mandible, then both maxillae, and then the right zygoma, with decreased vision and proptosis despite repeated medical and surgical intervention. Adequate treatment required removal of the sequestrum and excision of all infected granulation tissue, scars, and involucra until healthy bone was exposed. Intravenous penicillin was administered for 2 weeks, followed by a 6‐month course of oral penicillin. The patient was followed for 4 years and remained disease free.
Butorphanol Tartrate: An Intravenous Analgesic for Outpatient Surgery
Authors: Cook Ted A.
Published: November 2015

Many surgical procedures in otolaryngology, particularly those in the areas of facial plastic surgery, are best performed under a local anesthetic. The majority of these procedures may be done on an outpatient basis and require an intravenous analgesic of some form. This analgesic must be safe, predictable, easy to administer, have a rapid onset, and provide good amnesia. A short recovery period is imperative. Diazepam has been widely used in the outpatient setting, since it generally fulfills the requirements listed. However, the recovery time is often prolonged and unpleasant for the patient. Butorphanol tartrate, a synthetic narcotic, provides rapid analgesia in an intravenous dose, fulfills the other requirements for an analgesic agent suitable for outpatient use, and has a relatively short duration. Butorphanol tartrate has been used in an intravenous drip form for outpatient surgical procedures for the past 18 months. Its use in 400 cases representing a broad spectrum of facial plastic procedures has been closely monitored in both the operative and postoperative periods and the results tabulated. We have found butorphanol tartrate to be an excellent agent for local anesthetic procedures in the outpatient setting.
Tumor Concentration of Platinum in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Mattox Douglas E. , Sternson Larry A. , Von Hoff Daniel D. , Kuhn John G. , Repta A.J.
Published: November 2015

Simultaneous concentrations of total plasma platinum, filterable platinum, intact cisplatin, and total tumor platinum were measured for 24 hours after an intravenous bolus of cisplatin in five patients. Tumor concentrations of drug were greater than could be explained on the basis of circulating plasma platinum at the time of biopsy. Intratumor platinum concentrations derived from this study provide guidance for selection of the appropriate drug concentrations for in vitro chemosen‐sitivity testing of head and neck cancer in humans.
The Facial Paralysis Prognostic Index
Authors: Kerbavaz Richard J. , Hilsinger Raymond L. , Adour Kedar K.
Published: November 2015

The treatment of facial paralysis requires a reliable estimate of prognosis as well as an accurate diagnosis. Although the majority of patients recover, the degree of subsequent facial function varies. An estimation of the risk of nerve degeneration and subsequent disability is needed to guide therapy and to advise patients. Currently, prognosis is obtained by clinical evaluation of initial signs and symptoms, specific nerve excitability and function testing, and response to medical therapy. This study attempts to identify and quantitate factors that predict the outcome of facial paralysis. In 1214 patients with Bell's palsy, we identified factors associated with a severe course or poor outcome. We analyzed the predictive value of each item in an extensive research protocol, estimating the relative contribution to the total risk of unfavorable outcome by means of multiple regression models. With the use of these data, we have developed the facial paralysis prognostic index (FPPI). The FPPI can assist otologists to more accurately estimate outcome based on physical examination and electrical testing.
Laser Arytenoidectomy for Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis
Authors: Eskew James R. , Bailey Byron J.
Published: November 2015

The CO2 surgical laser was found to be a useful tool for the performance of endoscopic arytenoidectomy for bilateral vocal cord paralysis. The dog was found to be a less‐than‐perfect experimental model for human bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis. Documentation by measurements of arterial blood gases and direct in vivo measurements of airway resistance following bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve section and endoscopic arytenoidectomy was attempted.
Eosinophilic Granuloma in the Temporal Bone and Skull
Authors: Appling Douglas , Jenkins Herman A. , Patton Gregory A.
Published: November 2015

Eosinophilic granuloma is a benign lytic lesion of bone, probably arising from an abnormal proliferation of histiocytes. It may occur within the temporal bone and be confused with more common disorders such as aural polyps or chronic suppurative otitis media. If untreated, the disease may destroy the bony labyrinth and spread to the middle and posterior cranial fossas. Temporal bone lesions may represent only one manifestation of a more extensive multifocal disorder (i.e., Hand‐Schüller‐Christian or Letterer‐Siwe disease). From 1967 to 1982, 25 patients with eosinophilic granuloma of the skull were treated in the radiation therapy department of The Methodist Hospital in Houston. Six of these patients had disease involving the temporal bone. After analyzing these cases and reviewing the literature, we conclude that the management of the patient with eosinophilic granuloma in the temporal bone requires a diagnosis based on microscopic examination of the affected tissue, a definition of the extent of disease, therapy consisting of biopsy and low‐dosage radiotherapy in the unifocal disease, and careful and continued follow‐up.
Mini Alar Myocutaneous Flaps for Nasolabial‐Columella Reconstruction
Authors: Conley John , Sachs Michael E. , Donovan Donald
Published: November 2015

A new midfacial myocutaneous flap that is particularly useful in nasolabial‐columella reconstruction is described. The mini alar flap is a randomized myocutaneous island flap incorporating portions of the orbicularis oris, levator labi superioris alae (labial portion), levator labi superioris, and zygomaticus minor, based on a vascular supply from the terminal branches of the facial artery. The flaps allow for a bilateral elipse of skin and underlying muscle to be transferred from the lateral nasal area into the midportion of the columella and the upper lip for reconstruction of ablative, traumatic, or congenital defects. The primary advantage of the mini alar flap lies in the ability to transpose moderate quantities of viable, well‐matched tissue with minimal donor area deformity.