bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of assessment in non-language lessons conducted using CLIL technology
Authors: Ахмадиева З.Ш. , Габдулхаков В.Ф.
Published: June 2022

Актуальность статьи обусловлена необходимостью изучения использования технологии CLIL в средних школах, так как данная технология является развивающейся областью теоретических и прикладных исследований, однако до сих пор не было единого алгоритма оценивания знаний обучающихся на уроках, проводимых по данной технологии и не в полной мере были освещены проблемы, с которыми сталкивается учитель при его внедрении. Цель статьи заключается в анализе практической деятельности учителей, которые так или иначе использовали технологию предметно-интегрированного обучения. Проведенный анализ литературных источников, посвященных применению технологии CLIL и выявлению слабых сторон, позволило авторам выделить основную проблему, связанную с оцениванием предметных знаний и языковых умений при использовании технологии CLIL на уроках предметного содержания. Практическая значимость данного исследования заключается в том, что по результатам анкетирования и анализа выявлены критерии оценивания предметных знаний и языковых умений применимых для уроков предметного содержания при использовании данной технологии. Статья предназначена для учителей начального и среднего звена, руководителей образовательных организаций.

The relevance of the article is caused due to the need for studying the use of CLIL technology in secondary schools, since this technology is a developing area of theoretical and applied pedagogical research, however, there has not yet been a single algorithm for assessing pupils' knowledge in lessons conducted using this technology and the problems faced by the teacher during its implementation have not been fully covered. The purpose of the article is to analyze the practical activities of teachers who somehow used the technology of content and language integrated learning. The conducted analysis of literature sources devoted to the use of CLIL technology and the identification of weaknesses allowed the authors to identify the main problem associated with the assessment of subject knowledge and language skills when using CLIL technology in the lessons of subject content. The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that, based on the results of the questionnaire and analysis, the criteria for evaluating subject knowledge and language skills applicable to the lessons of subject content when using this technology have been identified. The article is intended for primary and secondary level teachers, heads of educational organizations.
Factors of social activity of the elderly people
Authors: Кочетков С.С.
Published: June 2022

Актуальность статьи обусловлена проблемами, с которыми сталкиваются пожилые люди после выхода на пенсию, выражающиеся в поддержке социального потенциала пожилых и их успешной адаптации в постпенсионный период. Цель статьи заключается в исследовании факторов социальной активности пожилых людей и разработки рекомендаций по организации их свободного времени. Автором представлена характеристика социальной активности различных групп пожилых людей: состоящие на стационарном и полустационарном обслуживании; продолжающие осуществлять трудовую деятельность после выхода на пенсию; не находящиеся на социальном обслуживании. Определены такие факторы социальной активности пожилых людей, как: уровень образования, жилищные условия, семейное положение, постпенсионный период и продолжение трудовой деятельности после выхода на пенсию, особенности организации свободного времени, состояние здоровья. Выделена взаимозависимость социальной активности пожилых людей и их социального самочувствия. Определены основные проблемы при организации свободного времени пожилых людей и сформулированы направления решения указанных проблем: от предоставления специальных транспортных средств и сопровождения пожилых людей в социально-досуговые учреждения до помощи в создании групп взаимопомощи и самодеятельности; применения индивидуального подхода в организации свободного времени пожилых людей. Статья предназначена для специалистов сферы социального обслуживания, здравоохранения, образования, исследователей, студентов.

The relevance of the article is due to the problems faced by older people after retirement, expressed in the support of the social potential of the elderly and their successful adaptation in the post-retirement period. The purpose of the article is to study the factors of social activity of elderly people and develop recommendations for the organization of their free time. The author presents the characteristics of the social activity of various groups of elderly people: those who are in stationary and semi-stationary care; those who continue to work after retirement; not being on social services. Such factors of social activity of elderly people as: level of education, housing conditions, marital status, post-retirement period and continuation of work after retirement, features of the organization of free time, health status are determined. The interdependence of the social activity of the elderly people and their social well-being is highlighted. The main problems in organizing the free time of the elderly people are identified and the directions for solving these problems are formulated: from the provision of special vehicles and accompanying the elderly to social and leisure institutions to assistance in creating groups of mutual assistance and self-activity; the application of an individual approach in organizing the free time of the elderly. The article is intended for specialists in the field of social services, healthcare, education, researchers, students.
Compliance of the results of the social contract with the needs of low-income citizens in assistance
Authors: Камышова Е.В. , Соловьева Т.В. , Бистяйкина Д.А.
Published: June 2022

Актуальность статьи обусловлена необходимостью научной разработки и последующего внедрения в практику социальной работы действенного механизма оценки результативности социальных контрактов, а также важностью обеспечения соответствия результатов такого рода договоров реальным потребностям малоимущих граждан в помощи. Цель статьи – в оценке соответствия результатов социального контракта потребностям граждан, имеющих статус малоимущих, в помощи и выработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию практики его реализации в деятельности социозащитных учреждений. Авторами по результатам прикладного социологического исследования выявлена достаточно высокая степень соответствия видов, форм, условий предоставления и мероприятий государственной социальной помощи на основе социального контракта потребностям ее получателей в современной России. Предложены рекомендации по совершенствованию механизма социального контракта в аспекте повышения соответствия его результатов потребностям и интересам клиентов. Статья предназначена для граждан, имеющих социальный статус малоимущих, а также специалистов учреждений социальной защиты, в основе взаимодействия которых – социальный контракт.

The relevance of the article is due to the need for scientific development and subsequent introduction into the practice of social work of an effective mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of social contracts, as well as the importance of ensuring that the results of such contracts should correspond to the real needs of poor citizens in assistance. The purpose of the article is to assess the compliance of the results of the social contract with the needs of citizens with the status of the poor, to help and develop recommendations for improving the practice of its implementation in the activities of social protection institutions. The authors, based on the results of applied sociological research, have revealed a sufficiently high degree of compliance of the types, forms, conditions of provision and measures of state social assistance based on a social contract with the needs of its recipients in modern Russia. Recommendations for enhancing mechanism of the social contract in terms of increasing the compliance of its results with the needs and interests of clients are proposed. The article is intended for citizens with the social status of the poor, as well as specialists of social protection institutions whose interaction is based on a social contract.
Challenges of the repairs and maintenance of water infrastructure in Aganang Municipality in the province of Limpopo
Authors:   , Mokgobu Matlou Lesley
Published: June 2022

Access to clean water is a human right and a basic need. Yet, many South African communities, the villages of the Aganang Municipality included, are still living in areas where access to clean water remains a challenge. They face, among other problems, a longer waiting time in long queues; walking long distances despite the topography of the villages; waiting for water at night when numerous consumer‘s taps are closed is then that water can reach other areas; or simply buying water from other community members who trade it with donkey carts as a commodity. The researcher used a mixed method to understand the challenges of water infrastructure in the municipality. The research‘s main findings reveal that these challenges result from a number of factors including but not limited to vandalism, shortage of personnel; lack of resources human, financial and spare parts; leaking and breaking of pipes, and under qualified/poorly trained personnel. These issues lead to dissatisfaction of the beneficiaries and mixed feelings around water quality. Indeed, whilst majority of respondents believe the quality of water is good, others disagree whilst others claim that they do not receive water at all. The solutions to these problems are also multifaceted. They include yard connections, reporting theft and vandalism to the police, imposing fine to the offender, employing water inspectors and security guards, discouraging illegal connections, educate the communities. The reporting mechanisms could include social media, free transportation of both the personnel and individuals who have identified the issues, and recruiting local people and transferring skills to the community members. The respondents have different views on different aspects of water infrastructure and access to clean water.
Reducing Nigerian youths involvement in electoral violence : an action research approach
Authors:   , Oyinloye Olaoluwa Babatunde A.
Published: June 2022

Nigeria’s political landscape has the potential to be, and it is divided along, several fault lines including ethnicity and religious affiliations in the midst of widespread poverty and unemployment, especially among the large population of the youth. Hence, the contest for political or electoral posts, by default, is shaped by these factors and others highlighted in the study. Thus, the youth of Nigeria find themselves in a space where supporting a particular candidate usually translates into choosing one of the several fault lines to associate with rather than individual merit and competence. This invariably leads to their involvement in acts of electoral violence, as merit and competence are usually not the factors that count in most of the elections but, rather, the might of a particular group or party. The use of action research as an approach to this study has allowed an in-depth exploration of the problem of youth involvement in acts of electoral violence in Nigeria. It has also allowed the engagement of a number of youth, not just in understanding the disadvantages of electoral violence but also in the dangers of engaging in it, both for the nation and the perpetrators. So also, the benefits of peaceful engagement in the electoral processes were also highlighted. The use of action research allowed the youth a major role in the study as it is focused on “doing with” rather than traditional research of “doing for”. Thus, the participant youth were trained and equipped with relevant skills and supervised in a process of engaging their fellow Nigerian youth on the subject matter of electoral violence. The findings from this study offer some multidimensional, conceptual and practical frameworks to reduce the involvement of the Nigerian youth in acts of electoral violence. Thereby promoting societal peace and a sustainable democratic system of governance in Nigeria, bearing in mind that such are necessary for the sustainable growth and development of the nation. The practical training and interventions approach developed by this study are easily replicable and affordable, and it is intended as a template for use in areas that need to curb the involvement of youth in the acts of electoral violence, both in Nigeria and across the African continent.
‘We just want to be Heard!’ Dataveillance and Location Data – Do South Africans Care?
Authors: Usadolo Sam , Mbinda Bukelwa , Matome Itumeleng
Published: June 2022

People’s perceptions of digital communication platforms as related to dataveillance, and location data are examined in order to offer suggestions for increasing regulatory strength on the part of the government. Qualitative data collected from 65 participants through unstructured interviews were analysed. The analysis reveals that most of the participants are concerned about what the technology companies do with data collected without their consent. However, because of the numerous advantages digital platforms offer, they are not bothered about the technology companies’ use of the data collected without their consent. The same applies to location data. Recommendations are offered that could help the South African government strengthen its regulatory framework.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DAN PENERAPAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN DAERAH TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAERAH KABUPATEN GIANYAR
Authors: Juniartha I Wayan , Sugiarto Asana Gde Herry
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of human resource competence and the application of regional financial accounting systems to the quality of financial statements in the Gianyar Regency, both partially and simultaneously, the number of employees used as samples in this study amounted to 45 people, the data used in this study are Primary data distributed through questionnaires. The results showed that partially or simultaneously human resource competency (X1) and the application of the regional financial accounting system (X2) had a positive effect on the quality of regional financial reports. The magnitude of the influence of human resource competence and the application of the regional financial accounting system by 54.4% while the remaining 45.6% is explained by other variables outside this research model.
PENGARUH MORAL PAJAK, BUDAYA PAJAK DAN TARIF PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK BADAN DI KPP PRATAMA BADUNG UTARA
Authors: Sani Asih Komang , Yudana Adi I Ketut
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine tax morale, tax culture and tax rates on corporate taxpayer compliance in KPP Pratama Badung Utara both partially and simultaneously, the number of taxpayers used as 40 research samples, the data used in this study is primary data distributed through questionnaires. The results showed that the sig value of the tax moral variable (X1) was 0.002 <0.05 tax culture variable (X2) of 0.022 <0.05 and the tax rate variable (X3) was 0.003 <0.05 and the sig F value was 0.000 < 0.05 so that it can be concluded partially and simultaneously the variables of tax moral, tax culture and tax rates affect the taxpayer compliance in the KPP Pratama Badung Utara. The value of the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.561 means that 56.1% of corporate taxpayer compliance in KPP Pratama Badung Utara is influenced by tax morale, tax culture and tax rates while the remaining 43.9% is influenced by other variables outside of this study.
PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTY, REAL ESTATE, AND BUILD CONSTRUCTION YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2016-2018
Authors: Ni Made Suma Sari  , Gde Herry Sugiarto Asana
Published: June 2022

Financial ratio analysis is one way to calculate financial distress. Financial distress is the result of financial losses experienced by companies, which occurred before bankruptcy or liquidation. Financial distress as dependent variable measured by interest coverage ratio. This is a quantitative research. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. The population of this research is 88 companies from property, real estate, and build construction listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. Based on purposive sampling method, acquired 44 companies that the research sample which increased over 3 years so the total sample in this research was 132 samples. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression method. The results of this research are (1) current ratio, return on assets, and total assets turnover have a negative and significant towards financial distress due to the significant of the three independent variables are < α (0.05), while debt to equity ratio has a positive and significant effect on financial distress with significant 0.020 < α (0.05). The analysis shows the regression model Y = 0.592 - 0.334 (X1) + 0.320 (X2) - 0.225 (X3) - 0.031 (X4). The independent variable consisting of current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on assets, and total asset turnover can explain the financial distress of 32.2%, and the remaining 67.8% is explained by the variables presented in this research.
PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN, PERPUTARAN KAS, PERPUTARAN PIUTANG, DAN PERPUTARAN PERSEDIAAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN SUBSEKTOR MAKANAN & MINUMAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: I Gusti Ayu Kade Sri Wahyuniati  , I Ketut Yudana Adi
Published: June 2022

Profit is one of the benchmarks for assessing the success or failure of company management. One of the ratios to measure profit is profitability. The profitability ratio used in this study is the Return on Assets (ROA). ROA shows the company's performance from the use of all its assets to generate profits. This study aims to obtain evidence of the effect of sales growth, cash turnover, accounts receivable turnover, and inventory turnover partially and simultaneously on ROA in food and beverage sub-sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this research were all food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used in this study was the purposive sampling method and obtained 10 companies. The analysis technique in this research uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of this research conclude that sales growth, cash turnover, and inventory turnover partially affect profitability. Meanwhile, accounts receivable turnover does not affect profitability. Simultaneously, sales growth, cash turnover, accounts receivable turnover, and inventory turnover affects profitability. The value of the coefficient of determination (Adjusted R Square) in this research is 0.683%, that's mean 68.3% of profitability is influenced by the variables tested in this research and the leftover is influenced by other variables outside of this research.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, STRUKTUR MODAL, DAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN YANG TERCATAT PADA INDEKS LQ45 BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019
Authors: Putu Nanda Diantari  , Ni Nyoman Sri Rahayu Trisna Dewi  , Ni Made Ernila Junipisa
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of company size, capital structure and dividend policy on company value listed on the LQ45 index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The population of this research is 68 companies listed on the LQ45 index in 2015 - 2019. The sample consisted of 25 companies, with a total of 125 observations. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method with certain criteria. The data analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression test. The results of this research indicate that company size has a positive and significant effect on the value of companies listed on the LQ45 index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019, capital structure has a positive and significant effect on the value of companies listed on the LQ45 index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019, and dividend policy has a positive and significant effect on company value listed on the LQ45 index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019.
PENGARUH RASIO LIKUIDITAS, SOLVABILITAS, PROFITABILITAS DAN AKTIVITAS, TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTY, REAL ESTATE, AND BUILDING
Authors: Ni Komang Sariasih  , Komang Fridagustina Adnantara  , Laras Oktaviani
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the Liquidity Ratio, Solvency, Profitability and Activity on Dividend Policy at Property, Real Estate, and Building Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 Period. The reason for choosing property, real estate and building companies as objects of research is because the property sector is considered to be still an attractive investment in the midst of a new type of corona virus pandemic that causes Covid-19. Travelio Property Management Business Development Manager Vincentius Christopher considers that currently the benefits that can be taken from property investment are in terms of yield (profits calculated from the annual rental value compared to property prices), not capital gains. The population in this study are property, real estate, and building companies that already exist and are still listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period, which consists of 91 companies. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling so that it consisted of 87 companies as the research sample. The data analysis technique used in this study was multiple linear regression. The test results show that the liquidity ratio and profitability ratios have a significant positive effect on dividend policy, the solvency ratio has a significant negative effect on dividend policy, while the activity ratio does not have a significant effect on dividend policy.
PENGARUH TEKANAN KETAATAN, KOMPLEKSITAS TUGAS, DAN PENGALAMAN AUDITOR TERHADAP AUDIT JUDGMENT
Authors: Henry Rievaldy  , I Gusti Agung Krisna Lestari
Published: June 2022

The formulation of the problem and the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of compliance pressure, task complexity and auditor experience on audit considerations. The location of this research is the Public Accounting Firm in Bali. The population uses auditors at the Public Accounting Firm in Bali and the sample used is 61 respondents. The data analysis technique used is Validity, Reliability, Classical Assumptions, Multiple Linear Regression, Coefficient of Determination, t-test and F-test. regression 0.338, and sig 0.001. (2) complexity has a significant negative effect on audit judgment, where the regression coefficient value is - 0.476, and sig 0.000. (3) auditor experience has a significant positive effect on audit judgment, where the regression coefficient is 0.192, and sig is 0.021. The magnitude of the influence of the independent variables on audit judgment is 53.8%. The suggestion in this study is that Public Accounting Firms in Bali are expected to always supervise auditors in conducting audits, always provide audit assignments that are in accordance with the auditor's abilities and routinely perform audit rotations.
PENGARUH DIMENSI KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN WISATAWAN DI SWISS-BELINN LEGIAN HOTEL
Authors: I Gusti Ngurah Sugita  , I Wayan Arta Artana  , I Gusti Nyoman Wiantara
Published: June 2022

This research aims to identify the affect of each dimension of service quality toward level of guests’ satisfactions at Swiss-Belinn Legian Hotel. Research methods used in this research including observation, interview, survey and literature review. A total of 90 guests in house as the population who surveyed to response the questionare. The instrument was tested using validity test, reliability test, classic assumption tests then data analyzed using linier regression, T test and F test. Based on the analysis it is found that partially the reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy dan tangible variables affect guests’ satisfactions at Swiss-Belinn Legian Hotel positively and significantly. This can be seen from the T test wherein the t-test of reliability variable (8,891) > t-table (1,6), t-test of responsiveness variable (8,879) > t-table (1,6), t-test of assurance variable (6,585) > t-table (1,6), t-test of empathy variable (5,163) > t-table (1,6) and t-test of tangible variable (4,478) > t-table (1,6). Simultaneously, the reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangible variables affect guests’ satisfactions at Swiss-Belinn Legian Hotel positively. This can be seen form the F test wherein f-test (92,140) > f-table (2,3). The percentage of effect of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangible variables toward guests’ satisfactions is 84,6% which is proven with R square which constitute 0,846. Among the five independent variables used in this research, responsiveness has the most dominant affect toward guests’ satisfactions as shown on the coefficient beta (ß) X3= 0,968 > X1=0,247, X2=0,477, X4=0,313, X5=0,262.
Impacts of an aerosol layer on a mid-latitude continental system of cumulus clouds: how do these impacts depend on the vertical location of the aerosol layer?
Authors: Lee Seoung Soo , Um Junshik , Choi Won Jun , Ha Kyung-Ja , Jung Chang Hoon , Guo Jianping , Zheng Youtong
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Using the large-eddy simulation framework, effects of an aerosol layer on warm cumulus clouds in the Korean Peninsula when the layer is above or around the cloud tops in the upper atmosphere are examined. Also, these effects are compared to effects of an aerosol layer when it is around or below the cloud bases in the low atmosphere. Simulations show that when the aerosol layer is in the low atmosphere, aerosols absorb solar radiation and radiatively heat up air enough to induce greater instability, stronger updrafts and more cloud mass than when the layer is in the upper atmosphere. As aerosol concentrations in the layer decrease, the aerosol radiative heating gets weaker to lead to less instability, weaker updrafts and less cloud mass when the layer is in the low atmosphere. This in turn makes differences in cloud mass, which are between a situation when the layer is in the low atmosphere and that when the layer is in the upper atmosphere, smaller. It is found that the transportation of aerosols by updrafts reduces aerosol concentrations in the aerosol layer, which is in the low atmosphere, and in turn reduces the aerosol radiative heating, updraft intensity and cloud mass. It is also found that the presence of aerosol impacts on radiation suppresses updrafts and reduces clouds. Aerosols affect not only radiation but also aerosol activation. In the absence of aerosol impacts on radiation, aerosol impacts on the droplet nucleation increases cloud mass when the layer is in the low atmosphere as compared to a situation when the layer is in the upper atmosphere. As aerosol impacts on radiation team up with those on the droplet nucleation, differences in cloud mass, which are between a situation when the layer in the low atmosphere and that when the layer is in the upper atmosphere, get larger. This is as compared to a situation when there is no aerosol impacts on radiation and only aerosol impacts on the droplet nucleation.
The chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles and the implications on light absorption enhancement
Authors: Sun Jiaxing , Sun Yele , Xie Conghui , Xu Weiqi , Chen Chun , Wang Zhe , Li Lei , Du Xubing , Huang Fugui , Li Yan , Li Zhijie , Pan Xiaole , Ma Nan , Xu Wanyun , Fu Pingqing , Wang Zifa
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The radiative forcing of black carbon (BC) depends
strongly on its mixing state in different chemical environments. Here we
analyzed the chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing
particles by using a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer and
investigated their impact on light absorption enhancement (Eabs) at an
urban (Beijing) and a rural site (Gucheng) in the North China Plain. While
the BC was dominantly mixed with organic carbon (OC), nitrate, and sulfate at
both the urban and rural sites, the rural site showed a much higher fraction of
BC coated with OC and nitrate (36 % vs. 15 %–20 %). Moreover, the BC
mixing state evolved significantly as a function of relative humidity (RH),
with largely increased coatings of OC–nitrate and nitrate at high RH levels.
By linking with an organic aerosol (OA) composition, we found that the OC
coated on BC comprised dominantly secondary OA in Beijing, while primary and
secondary OA were similarly important in Gucheng. Furthermore, Eabs was
highly dependent on secondary inorganic aerosol coated on BC at both sites,
while the coated primary OC also resulted in an Eabs of ∼ 1.2 for relatively fresh BC particles at the rural site. A positive matrix
factorization analysis was performed to quantify the impact of different
mixing states on Eabs. Our results showed a small Eabs (1.06–1.11)
for BC particles from fresh primary emissions, while the Eabs increased
significantly above 1.3 when BC was aged rapidly with increased coatings of
OC–nitrate or nitrate; it can reach above 1.4 as sulfate was involved in
BC aging.
SAGE III/ISS Ozone and NO2 Validation using Diurnal Scaling Factors
Authors: Strode Sarah A. , Taha Ghassan , Oman Luke D. , Damadeo Robert , Flittner David , Schoeberl Mark , Sioris Christopher E. , Stauffer Ryan
Published: June 2022

Abstract. We developed a set of solar zenith angle, latitude- and altitude-dependent scaling factors to account for the diurnal variability in ozone and NO2 when comparing Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III/ISS observations to observations from other times of day. The scaling factors are calculated as a function of solar zenith angle from the 4-dimensional output of a global atmospheric chemistry model simulation of 2017–2020 that shows good agreement with observed vertical profiles. Using a global atmospheric chemistry model allows us to account for both chemically and dynamically driven variability. Both year-specific scale factors and a multi-year monthly climatology are available to decrease the uncertainty in inter-instrument comparisons and allow consistent comparisons between observations from different times of day. We describe the variability in the shape of the diurnal scale factors as a function of space and time. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) appears to be a contributing factor to interannual variability in the NO2 scaling factors, leading to differences between years that switch sign with altitude. We show that application of these scaling factors improves the comparison between SAGE III/ISS and OSIRIS NO2, and between SAGE III/ISS and OMPS LP, OSIRIS and ACE-FTS ozone observations. The comparisons between SAGE III/ISS ozone for sunrise or sunset versus MLS daytime or nighttime observations are also more consistent when we apply the diurnal scaling factors. There is good agreement between SAGE III/ISS V5.2 ozone and correlative measurements, with differences within 5 % between 20–50 km when corrected for diurnal variability. Similarly, the SAGE III/ISS V5.2 NO2 agreement with correlative measurement is mostly within 10 %. While the scale factors were designed for use with SAGE III/ISS observations, they can easily be applied to other observation intercomparisons as well.
The measurement of mean wind, variances and covariances from an instrumented mobile car in a rural environment
Authors: Miller Stefan , Gordon Mark
Published: June 2022

Abstract. On 20 and 22 Aug 2019, a small tripod was outfitted with a sonic anemometer and placed in a highway shoulder to compare with measurements made on an instrumented car as it travelled past the tripod. The rural measurement site in this investigation was selected so that the instrumented car travelled past many upwind surface obstructions and experienced the occasional passing vehicle. To obtain an accurate mean wind speed and mean wind direction on a moving car, it is necessary to correct for flow distortion and remove the vehicle speed from the measured velocity component parallel to vehicle motion (for straight-line motion). In this study, the velocity variances and turbulent fluxes measured by the car are calculated using two approaches: (1) eddy-covariance and (2) wavelet analysis. The results show that wavelet analysis can better resolve low frequency contributions, and this leads to a reduction in the horizontal velocity variances measured on the car, giving a better estimate for some measurement averages when compared to the tripod. A wavelet–based approach to remove the effects of sporadic passing traffic is developed and applied to a measurement period during which a heavy–duty truck passes in the opposite highway lane; removing the times with traffic in this measurement period gives approximately a 10 % reduction in the turbulent kinetic energy. The vertical velocity variance and vertical turbulent heat flux measured on the car are biased low compared to the tripod. This low bias may be related to a mismatch in the flux footprint of the car versus the tripod, or perhaps related to rapid flow distortion at the measurement location on the car. When random measurement uncertainty is considered, the vertical momentum flux is found to be consistent with the tripod in the 95 % confidence interval, and significantly different than zero for most measurement periods.
Meteorological and climatological triggers of past and present bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Zahradník Petr , Szabó Péter , Chromá Kateřina , Dobrovolný Petr , Dolák Lukáš , Trnka Miroslav , Řehoř Jan , Suchánková Silvie
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Based on documentary evidence, a chronology of bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic from 1781 to 1963 CE was created, continuing from 1964 through 2021 by bark beetle salvage felling data. The spatial distribution of bark beetle events concentrates on the border mountains of Bohemia and in the northern parts of Moravia and Silesia. The temporal distribution of the most important bark beetle outbreaks concentrates in the 1830s, 1870s, 1940s–1950s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. Each of these calamities was analysed in detail with respect to their spatial extent, the volume of damaged wood, and their meteorological patterns. While meteorological triggers of the largest outbreaks of the 19th century were attributed especially to the slow procession of disastrous volumes of damaged wood after large windstorm events sometimes intensified by dying trees in subsequent dry years, the recent warming moves the main meteorological and climatological triggers to more frequent warm and dry meteorological patterns from the 1980s, sometimes enhanced by uprooted and broken trees after heavy windstorms. The last bark beetle outbreak from 2015 was evaluated as the most disastrous disturbance to spruce forest over the territory of the Czech Republic in documented history. The paper also discusses uncertainties in bark beetle data, responses to past bark beetle events, and relationships between environment, climate, and bark beetle outbreaks.
An arid early Holocene revealed by palynological evidence for the north-east Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Nannan , Liu Lina , Hou Xiaohuan , Zhang Yanrong , Wei Haicheng , Cao Xianyong
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Situated in the triangle of the East Asian monsoon, the Indian monsoon, and the westerlies, the Holocene patterns of climate and vegetation changes on the north-east Tibetan Plateau are still unclear or even contradictory. By investigating the distribution of modern pollen taxa on the east Tibetan Plateau, we infer the past vegetation and climate since the last 14.2 ka BP (thousand years before present) from a fossil pollen record extracted from Gahai Lake (102.3133° E, 34.2398° N; 3444 m a.s.l.) together with multiple proxies (grain-size, contents of total organic carbon and total nitrogen) on the north-east Tibetan Plateau. Results indicate that the Gahai Basin was covered by arid alpine steppe or even desert between 14.2 and 7.4 ka BP with a mild and dry climate, and high percentages of arboreous pollen are thought to be long-distance wind transported grains. Montane forest (dominated by Abies, Picea, and Pinus) migrated into the Gahai Basin between 7.4 and 3.8 ka BP driven by wet and warm climatic conditions (the climate optimum within the Holocene) but reverted to alpine steppe between 3.8 and 2.3 ka BP, indicating a drying climate trend. After 2.3 ka BP, vegetation shifted to alpine meadow represented by increasing abundances of Cyperaceae, which may reflect a cooling climate. The strange pollen spectra with high abundances of Cyperaceae and total pollen concentrations after ca. 0.24 ka BP (1710 CE) could be an indication of disturbance by human activities to some extent, but needs more direct evidence to be confirmed. Our study confirms the occurrence of a climate optimum in the mid-Holocene on the north-east Tibetan Plateau, which is consistent with climate records from the fringe areas of the East Asian summer monsoon, and provides new insight into the evolution of the Asian monsoon system.
ANEMI_Yangtze v1.0: a coupled human–natural systems model for the Yangtze Economic Belt – model description
Authors: Jiang Haiyan , Simonovic Slobodan P. , Yu Zhongbo
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The Yangtze Economic Belt (hereafter, the Belt) is one of the most dynamic
regions in China in terms of population growth, economic progress,
industrialization, and urbanization. It faces many resource constraints
(land, food, energy) and environmental challenges (pollution, biodiversity
loss) under rapid population growth and economic development. Interactions
between human and natural systems are at the heart of the challenges facing
the sustainable development of the Belt. By adopting systematic thinking and
the methodology of system dynamics simulation, an integrated system-dynamics-based simulation model for the Belt, named ANEMI_Yangtze, has been developed based on the third version of ANEMI3. The nine sectors of
population, economy, land, food, energy, water, carbon, nutrients, and fish
are currently included in ANEMI_Yangtze. This paper presents the ANEMI_Yangtze model description,
which includes (i) the identification of the cross-sectoral interactions
and feedbacks involved in shaping the Belt's system behavior over time;
(ii) the identification of the feedbacks within each sector that drive the
state variables in that sector; and (iii) the description of a new fish sector and
modifications to the population, food, energy, and water sectors, including the underlying theoretical basis
for model equations. The validation and robustness tests confirm that the
ANEMI_Yangtze model can be used to support scenario
development, policy assessment, and decision-making. This study aims to
improve the understanding of the complex interactions among coupled
human–natural systems in the Belt to provide the foundation for
science-based policies for the sustainable development of the Belt.
Evaporation from a large lowland reservoir – observed dynamics and drivers during a warm summer
Authors: Jansen Femke A. , Uijlenhoet Remko , Jacobs Cor M. J. , Teuling Adriaan J.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. We study the controls on open water evaporation of a large lowland reservoir in the Netherlands. To this end, we analyse the dynamics of open water evaporation at two locations, Stavoren and Trintelhaven, at the border of Lake IJssel (1100 km2); eddy covariance systems were installed at these locations during the summer seasons of 2019 and 2020. These measurements were used to develop data-driven models for both locations. Such a statistical model is a clean and simple approach that can provide a direct indication of (and insight into) the most relevant input parameters involved in explaining the variance in open water evaporation, without making a priori assumptions regarding the process itself. We found that a combination of wind speed and the vertical vapour pressure gradient can explain most of the variability in observed hourly open water evaporation. This is in agreement with Dalton’s model, which is a well-established model often used in oceanographic studies for calculating open water evaporation. Validation of the data-driven models demonstrates that a simple model using only two variables yields satisfactory results at Stavoren, with R2 values of 0.84 and 0.78 for hourly and daily data respectively. However, the validation results for Trintelhaven fall short, with R2 values of 0.67 and 0.65 for hourly and daily data respectively. Validation of the simple models that only use routinely measured meteorological variables shows adequate performance at hourly (R2=0.78 at Stavoren and R2=0.51 at Trintelhaven) and daily (R2=0.82 at Stavoren and R2=0.87 at Trintelhaven) timescales. These results for the summer periods show that open water evaporation is not directly coupled to global radiation at the hourly or daily timescale. Rather a combination of wind speed and vertical gradient of vapour pressure is the main driver at these timescales. We would like to stress the importance of including the correct drivers of open water evaporation in the parametrization in hydrological models in order to adequately represent the role of evaporation in the surface–atmosphere coupling of inland waterbodies.
Technical note: Tail behaviour of the statistical distribution of extreme storm surges
Authors: Howard Tom
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The tail behaviour of the statistical distribution of extreme storm surges is conveniently described by a return level plot,
consisting of water level (y axis) against average recurrence interval on a logarithmic scale (x axis). An
average recurrence interval is often referred to as a “return period”. Hunter's allowance for sea-level rise gives a suggested amount by which to raise coastal defences in
order to maintain the current level of flood risk, given an uncertain projection of future mean sea-level rise.
The allowance is most readily evaluated by
assuming that sea-level annual maxima follow a Gumbel distribution, and the evaluation
is awkward if we use a generalized extreme value (GEV) fit.
When we use a Gumbel fit, we are effectively
assuming that
the return level plot is a straight line.
In other words, the shape parameter, which describes the curvature of the return level plot, is zero. On the other hand, coastal asset managers may need an estimate of the return period of unprecedented events
even under current mean sea levels.
For this purpose,
curvature of the return level plot is usually accommodated by allowing
a non-zero shape parameter whilst extrapolating the return level plot beyond the observations,
using some kind of fit to observed extreme values (for example, a GEV fit to annual maxima). This might seem like a conflict: which approach is “correct”? Here I present evidence that the shape parameter varies around the coast of the UK and is consequently not zero. Despite this, I argue that there is no conflict: a suitably constrained non-zero-shape
fit is appropriate for extrapolation and a Gumbel fit is appropriate for evaluation of Hunter's allowance.
Resolving glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) in response to modern and future ice loss at marine grounding lines in West Antarctica
Authors: Wan Jeannette Xiu Wen , Gomez Natalya , Latychev Konstantin , Han Holly Kyeore
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Accurate glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modelling in the cryosphere is required for interpreting satellite, geophysical and geological records
and for assessing the feedbacks of Earth deformation and sea-level change on marine ice-sheet grounding lines. GIA modelling in areas of active ice loss
in West Antarctica is particularly challenging because the ice is underlain by laterally varying mantle viscosities that are up to several orders of
magnitude lower than the global average, leading to a faster and more localised response of the solid Earth to ongoing and future ice-sheet retreat
and necessitating GIA models that incorporate 3-D viscoelastic Earth structure. Improvements to GIA models allow for computation of the viscoelastic
response of the Earth to surface ice loading at sub-kilometre resolution, and ice-sheet models and observational products now provide the inputs to
GIA models at comparably unprecedented detail. However, the resolution required to accurately capture GIA in models remains poorly understood, and
high-resolution calculations come at heavy computational expense. We adopt a 3-D GIA model with a range of Earth structure models based on recent
seismic tomography and geodetic data to perform a comprehensive analysis of the influence of grid resolution on predictions of GIA in the Amundsen
Sea Embayment (ASE) in West Antarctica. Through idealised sensitivity testing down to sub-kilometre resolution with spatially isolated ice loading
changes, we find that a grid resolution of ∼ 13 of the radius of the load or higher is required to accurately capture the elastic
response of the Earth. However, when we consider more realistic, spatially coherent ice loss scenarios based on modern observational records and
future ice-sheet model projections and adopt a viscoelastic Earth, we find that predicted deformation and sea-level change along the grounding line
converge to within 5 % with grid resolutions of 7.5 km or higher, and to within 2 % for grid resolutions of 3.75 km and
higher, even when the input ice model is on a 1 km grid. Furthermore, we show that low mantle viscosities beneath the ASE lead to viscous
deformation that contributes to the instrumental record on decadal timescales and equals or dominates over elastic effects by the end of the 21st
century. Our findings suggest that for the range of resolutions of 1.9–15 km that we considered, the error due to adopting a coarser grid
in this region is negligible compared to the effect of neglecting viscous effects and the uncertainty in the adopted mantle viscosity structure.