bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Label-Free and Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Dexamethasone Using a FRET Aptasensor Utilizing Cationic Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Xue Yizhang , Liu Hangbing , Zhang Ye , Yang Weijun , Li Huixin , Gong Yuxuan , Zhang Yubai , Li Bo , Liu Chang , Li Yi
Published: July 2024

Dexamethasone (Dex) is a widely used glucocorticoid in medical practice, with applications ranging from allergies and inflammation to cerebral edema and shock. Despite its therapeutic benefits, Dex is classified as a prohibited substance for athletes due to its potential performance-enhancing effects. Consequently, there is a critical need for a convenient and rapid detection platform to enable prompt and accurate testing of this drug. In this study, we propose a label-free Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) aptasensor platform for Dex detection utilizing conjugated polymers (CPs), cationic conjugated polymers (CCPs), and gene finder probes (GFs). The system operates by exploiting the electrostatic interactions between positively charged CCPs and negatively charged DNA, facilitating sensitive and specific Dex detection. The label-free FRET aptasensor platform demonstrated robust performance in detecting Dex, exhibiting high selectivity and sensitivity. The system effectively distinguished Dex from interfering molecules and achieved stable detection across a range of concentrations in a commonly used sports drink matrix. Overall, the label-free FRET Dex detection system offers a simple, cost-effective, and highly sensitive approach for detecting Dex in diverse sample matrices. Its simplicity and effectiveness make it a promising tool for anti-doping efforts and other applications requiring rapid and accurate Dex detection.
Neuromodulation Treatments Targeting Pathological Synchrony for Tinnitus in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hoare Derek J. , Shorter Gillian W. , Shekhawat Giriraj S. , El Refaie Amr , Labree Bas , Sereda Magdalena
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: Tinnitus involves the conscious awareness of a tonal or composite noise for which there is no identifiable corresponding external acoustic source. For many people, tinnitus is a disorder associated with symptoms of emotional distress, cognitive dysfunction, autonomic arousal, behavioural changes, and functional disability. Many symptoms can be addressed effectively using education or cognitive behavioural therapy. However, there is no treatment that effectively reduces or alters tinnitus-related neurophysiological activity and thus the tinnitus percept. In this systematic review, we evaluated the effectiveness of neuromodulation therapies for tinnitus that explicitly target pathological synchronous neural activity. (2) Methods: Multiple databases were searched for randomised controlled trials of neuromodulation interventions for tinnitus in adults, with 24 trials included. The risk of bias was assessed, and where appropriate, meta-analyses were performed. (3) Results: Few trials used acoustic, vagal nerve, or transcranial alternating current stimulation, or bimodal stimulation techniques, with limited evidence of neuromodulation or clinical effectiveness. Multiple trials of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) were identified, and a synthesis demonstrated a significant improvement in tinnitus symptom severity in favour of tDCS versus control, although heterogeneity was high. (4) Discussion: Neuromodulation for tinnitus is an emerging but promising field. Electrical stimulation techniques are particularly interesting, given recent advances in current flow modelling that can be applied to future studies.
Parasomnias in Post-Secondary Students: Prevalence, Distress, and Coping Strategies
Authors: Fichten Catherine S. , Libman Eva , Bailes Sally , Jorgensen Mary , Havel Alice , Qin Yuxuan , Creti Laura , Liao Huanan , Zlotea Bianca , Vo Christine , Budd Jillian , Vasseur Abigaelle , Pierre-Sindor Tanya , Costin Georgiana
Published: July 2024

Parasomnias are a group of sleep disorders characterized by abnormal and unpleasant motor, verbal, or behavioral events that occur during sleep or during transitions between wake and sleep states. They disrupt sleep and can have a detrimental impact on the individual experiencing them. Our goal was to identify types of parasomnias and their prevalence in the current and recent post-secondary student population and to explore their coping strategies for parasomnias they found distressing. Seventy-seven post-secondary students completed the 21-item Munich Parasomnia Screening (MUPS) frequency scale. They also rated, on a 10-point scale, how disturbing each parasomnia experienced was. Not only did 92% percent of students report at least one parasomnia, but our results also indicate that the vast majority of students experienced several parasomnias. This led us to investigate the likelihood of the co-occurrence of different parasomnias. With respect to the level of subjectively experienced distress, the most prevalent parasomnias were not always the more disturbing. Coded open-ended responses about what students do about the disturbing parasomnias indicate that grounding strategies (i.e., coping strategies that help manage distressing feelings) and physical manipulation of one’s body were the most common, although most participants indicated that in spite of distress, they do nothing to cope. In conclusion, our study found a strikingly high prevalence of parasomnias in this sample of young adults and a lack of knowledge about effective means of dealing with these. Therefore, we provide some accepted ways of dealing with these.
Study on GA–ANN-Based Prediction of Paving Time of Cement-Stabilized Layer above Ultra-High-Filled Subgrade
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Chao Wanli , Jin Yuxuan , Yang Fei , Fan Limin , Zhang Wuqiao , Wu Lijian , Song Changjun
Published: July 2024

In mountainous areas, high-filled subgrade often experiences significant post-construction settlement. Prematurely paving the cement-stabilized gravel layer on an unstable subgrade can easily lead to subsequent cracking. To accurately predict the settlement of high-filled subgrade and determine the appropriate timing for paving the cement-stabilized layer, this study proposes a subgrade settlement prediction method combining an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Using monitoring data from a high-filled subgrade on a highway in Hunan Province, China, a GA–ANN model was established to predict settlement curves. The predicted data from the GA–ANN model were compared with measured data and ANN predictions to validate the advantages of using GA–ANN for subgrade settlement prediction. The results indicate that the GA–ANN model significantly outperforms the ANN model due to GA’s ability to provide more reasonable weight biases for ANN through global search optimization. Predictions of settlement data beyond 50 days using both ANN and GA–ANN showed that the GA–ANN prediction curve closely matched the measured curve, with a basic deviation within ±3 mm. In contrast, ANN’s prediction error gradually increased to over 5 mm as the observation time increased, with predicted values lower than measured values, leading to an overly optimistic estimation of early settlement convergence. Based on the predicted data and settlement standards, the estimated timing for laying the stabilized layer was determined. During the laying process, no cracking was observed in the stabilized layer. The project has been in operation for six months, with the road surface in good condition. This study provides a valuable reference for the laying of stabilized layers on similar high-filled and ultra-high-filled subgrades.
Exploring the Potential of Using Waste Clay Brick Powder in Geopolymer Applications: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sharmin Shaila , Biswas Wahidul K. , Sarker Prabir K.
Published: July 2024

The application of geopolymers has recently been given significant attention to address climate change and the growing scarcity of construction materials in the 21st century. Researchers have utilized industrial waste or supplementary cementitious materials containing high levels of silica and alumina as precursors along with different alkaline activators. Furthermore, the technical challenges associated with waste brick management or recycling include both land use changes and financial implications. The existence of amorphous aluminosilicates in waste clay bricks, which can be used as geopolymer binders, has drawn attention recently. This paper reviews the recent advancements of the integration of clay brick wastes in geopolymer applications, individually as well as its use with other alternative materials. Prior studies suggest that waste clay bricks can effectively serve as the primary source material in geopolymer applications. This review covers various aspects, including the assessment of fresh, mechanical, microstructure, and durability-related properties. It specifically focused on enhancing these properties of waste clay bricks through mechanical and thermal treatments, through varying curing conditions, utilizing different types of alkaline activators, and considering their properties and corresponding ratios in the development of geopolymer products using waste brick powder. Furthermore, this paper portrays a critical review of the sustainability implications of the utilization of clay brick waste in geopolymer applications. Conclusively, this review provided the lessons learnt, research gaps, and the future direction for investigation into the feasibility of geopolymers derived from waste clay brick powder.
Digital Twin Construction Method for Monitoring Operation Status of Building Machine Jacking Operation
Authors: Zou Yiquan , Wang Zilu , Pan Han , Liao Feng , Tu Wenlei , Sun Zhaocheng
Published: July 2024

In the construction of super high-rise buildings, building machines (BMs) are increasingly replacing traditional climbing frames. Building machine jacking operation (BMJO) is a high-difficulty and high-risk stage in the construction of the top mold system. To guarantee the operational safety of the BMJO and to enhance its intelligent control level, a digital twin (DT)-based monitoring method for the operation status of the BMJO is proposed. Firstly, a DT framework for monitoring the operation status of the BMJO is presented, taking into account the operational characteristics of the BM and the requirements of real-time monitoring. The functions of each part are then elaborated in detail. Secondly, the virtual twin model is created using Blender’s geometric node group function; artificial neural network technology is used to enable online prediction of the structural performance of the BMJO and a motion model is established to realize a real-time state mapping of the BMJO. Finally, taking a BM project as an example, the DT system is established in conjunction with the project to verify the feasibility of the DT framework for monitoring the state of the BMJO. It is proved that the prediction results have high accuracy and fast analysis speed, thus providing a new way of thinking for monitoring and controlling the safe operation of the BMJO.
Research on Microclimate Optimization of Traditional Residential Buildings in Central Anhui Based on Humid and Hot Climate Characteristics and Regional Architectural Features
Authors: Wu Shan , Zhang Lei , Han Ziteng , Hu Chun , An Dongbing
Published: July 2024

This study examines how building space, materials, and structure affect the microclimate of Liu Tong Xinglongzhuang in central Anhui, known for its hot, humid climate and distinct architecture. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, including field monitoring, PHOENICS simulation, and Ladybug Tools, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) Building materials: wood reduces indoor temperature; a glass roof over the patio lowers temperature and improves wind speed; and reducing tile area decreases solar radiation. (2) Building space: optimal comfort in stairwells is achieved with a length-to-width ratio of 1.5:1 and height-to-width ratio of 2:1; courtyards are most comfortable with a length-to-width ratio of 2.5:1 and height-to-width ratio of 1.5:1; walk-through halls are optimal with a length-to-width ratio of 2:1 and height-to-width ratio of 1.5:1; and wings achieve the highest comfort with a length-to-width ratio of 2.5:1 and height-to-width ratio of 1.5:1. (3) Building structure: optimal wind speed and temperature are achieved with specific window height-to-width ratios of 1:1 for exterior and 1.5:1 for interior windows; the lowest temperatures occur at 2:1 ratios; hexagonal exterior and circular interior windows maximize wind speed and temperature reduction; and smaller exterior door openings lower indoor temperatures and are best achieved with an interior door ratio of 2:1. These findings offer valuable data and methods for optimizing the microclimate of traditional houses, with significant practical implications.
The Effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy on Pre-Existing Gastroparesis and New Onset of Symptoms of Delayed Gastric Emptying
Authors: Urias Rivera Andres C. , Pizuorno Machado Antonio , Shatila Malek , Triadafilopoulos George , McQuade Jennifer L. , Altan Mehmet , Zhao Dan , Wang Yinghong , Shafi Mehnaz A.
Published: July 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause myenteric plexopathy, which could result in delayed gastric emptying (GE) and possibly gastroparesis. We assessed the clinical outcomes of patients who had pre-existing gastroparesis or who developed symptoms of delayed GE following ICI therapy. We retrospectively identified adults with ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes for gastroparesis who received ICI therapy between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022 at a tertiary cancer center. Of 76 eligible patients, 37 had pre-existing gastroparesis; 39 (0.2% of the more than 18,000 screened) developed symptoms of delayed GE after ICI therapy, of which 27 (69%) patients had an alternative etiology for delayed GE. Four patients (11%) with pre-existing gastroparesis had a flare-up after ICI, and the median time to flare-up was 10.2 months (IQR, 0.7–28.6 months); for patients with new onset of suspected delayed GE after ICI, the median time to symptom onset was 12.8 months (IQR, 4.4–35.5 months). The clinical symptom duration of patients without an alternative etiology (74.5 days (IQR, 21.5–690 days)) and those with an alternative etiology (290 days (IQR, 147–387 days)) did not differ significantly (p = 1.00). Delayed GE after ICI therapy is a rare presentation but has a late onset and a prolonged symptom duration.
Radiomics in Oesogastric Cancer: Staging and Prediction of Preoperative Treatment Response: A Narrative Review and the Results of Personal Experience
Authors: Garbarino Giovanni Maria , Polici Michela , Caruso Damiano , Laghi Andrea , Mercantini Paolo , Pilozzi Emanuela , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , van Grieken Nicole C. T. , Berardi Eva , Costa Gianluca
Published: July 2024

Background: Oesophageal, gastroesophageal, and gastric malignancies are often diagnosed at locally advanced stage and multimodal therapy is recommended to increase the chances of survival. However, given the significant variation in treatment response, there is a clear imperative to refine patient stratification. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the existing evidence and the potential of radiomics to improve staging and prediction of treatment response of oesogastric cancers. Methods: The references for this review article were identified via MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus searches with the terms “radiomics”, “texture analysis”, “oesophageal cancer”, “gastroesophageal junction cancer”, “oesophagogastric junction cancer”, “gastric cancer”, “stomach cancer”, “staging”, and “treatment response” until May 2024. Results: Radiomics proved to be effective in improving disease staging and prediction of treatment response for both oesophageal and gastric cancer with all imaging modalities (TC, MRI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT). The literature data on the application of radiomics to gastroesophageal junction cancer are very scarce. Radiomics models perform better when integrating different imaging modalities compared to a single radiology method and when combining clinical to radiomics features compared to only a radiomics signature. Conclusions: Radiomics shows potential in noninvasive staging and predicting response to preoperative therapy among patients with locally advanced oesogastric cancer. As a future perspective, the incorporation of molecular subgroup analysis to clinical and radiomic features may even increase the effectiveness of these predictive and prognostic models.
Investigating Splice Defects in USH2A Using Targeted Long-Read Sequencing
Authors: Chandrasekhar Shwetha , Lin Siying , Jurkute Neringa , Oprych Kathryn , Estramiana Elorrieta Leire , Schiff Elena , Malka Samantha , Wright Genevieve , Michaelides Michel , Mahroo Omar A. , Webster Andrew R. , Arno Gavin
Published: July 2024

Biallelic variants in USH2A are associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Type 2 Usher Syndrome (USH2), leading to impaired vision and, additionally, hearing loss in the latter. Although the introduction of next-generation sequencing into clinical diagnostics has led to a significant uplift in molecular diagnostic rates, many patients remain molecularly unsolved. It is thought that non-coding variants or variants of uncertain significance contribute significantly to this diagnostic gap. This study aims to demonstrate the clinical utility of the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing of USH2A mRNA transcripts from nasal epithelial cells to determine the splice-altering effect of candidate variants. Five affected individuals with USH2 or non-syndromic RP who had undergone whole genome sequencing were recruited for further investigation. All individuals had uncertain genotypes in USH2A, including deep intronic rare variants, c.8682-654C>G, c.9055+389G>A, and c.9959-2971C>T; a synonymous variant of uncertain significance, c.2139C>T; p.(Gly713=); and a predicted loss of function duplication spanning an intron/exon boundary, c.3812-3_3837dup p.(Met1280Ter). In silico assessment using SpliceAI provided splice-altering predictions for all candidate variants which were investigated using ONT sequencing. All predictions were found to be accurate; however, in the case of c.3812-3_3837dup, the outcome was a complex cryptic splicing pattern with predominant in-frame exon 18 skipping and a low level of exon 18 inclusion leading to the predicted stop gain. This study detected and functionally characterised simple and complex mis-splicing patterns in USH2A arising from previously unknown deep intronic variants and previously reported variants of uncertain significance, confirming the pathogenicity of the variants.
Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic CH4 Production from an Acetic Acid Solution with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Assisted ZnIn2S4
Authors: Uzzaman Monir , Afrin Mst. Farhana , Furukawa Mai , Tateishi Ikki , Katsumata Hideyuki , Kaneco Satoshi
Published: July 2024

Photocatalytic methods have been popular in energy production and environmental remediation. Designing high-efficiency photocatalysts is still challenging in converting solar energy into chemical fuels. Herein, a series of surfactant-assisted ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) photocatalysts were synthesized by utilizing the one-pot hydrothermal method. Photocatalytic methane production from an acetic acid solution was carried out under LED light (450 nm) irradiation, and the evolved gas was analyzed by the GC-FID system. Reaction factors (surfactant amount, catalyst dose, reaction temperature, substrate concentration, and reaction pH) were optimized for photocatalytic production. With the increase in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) amount, CH4 production gradually increased. The ZIS-3.75 photocatalyst exhibited the highest photocatalytic CH4 production rate (0.102 µmol g−1·h−1), which was approximately 1.8 times better than that of pure ZIS (0.058 µmol g−1·h−1). The presence of CTAB reduced the charge transfer resistance and improved photocurrent response efficiency. Structure and morphology were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm analysis. Optical properties were investigated by UV-DRS and PL spectroscopic techniques. The electrochemical evaluation was measured through EIS, Mott–Schottky, and transient photocurrent response analysis. The CTAB-modified catalyst showed excellent stability and reusability, even after five irradiation cycles. Methane production was enhanced by lowering the photogenerated charge transfer resistance and boosting the dispersion of ZIS-3.75 under visible light (450 nm) irradiation.
Thirteen New Patients of PPP2R5D Gene Mutation and the Fine Profile of Genotype–Phenotype Correlation Unraveling the Pathogenic Mechanism Underlying Macrocephaly Phenotype
Authors: Jiang Yinmo , Wu Bingbing , Zhang Xi , Yang Lin , Wang Sujuan , Li Huiping , Zhou Shuizhen , Qian Yanyan , Wang Huijun
Published: July 2024

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of diseases that severely affect the physical and mental health of children. The PPP2R5D gene encodes B56δ, the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). NDDs related to the PPP2R5D gene have recently been defined as Houge–Janssens syndrome 1. Methods: Clinical/whole exome sequencing was performed on approximately 3000 patients with NDDs from 2017 to 2023. In vitro experiments were performed to assess the impairment of variants to protein expression and the assembly of PP2A holoenzyme. The genetic information and phenotypes of the reported patients, as well as patients in this study, were summarized, and the genotype–phenotype relationship was analyzed. The probability of pathogenic missense variants in PPP2R5D was predicted using AlphaMissense (AM), and the relationship between certain phenotype and 3D protein structural features were analyzed. Results: Thirteen new patients carrying twelve PPP2R5D gene variants were detected, including five novel missense variants and one novel frameshift variant. In vitro experiments revealed that the frameshift variant p.H463Mfs*3 resulted in a ~50 kDa truncated protein with lower expression level. Except for E420K and T536R, other missense variants impaired holoenzyme assembly. Furthermore, we found that pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants that have been reported so far were all missense variants and clustered in three conserved regions, and the likelihood of P/LP mutations located in these conserved regions was extremely high. In addition, the macrocephaly phenotype was related to negatively charged residues involved in substrate recruitment. Conclusions: We reported thirteen new patients with PPP2R5D gene variants and expanded the PPP2R5D variant spectrum. We confirmed the pathogenicity of novel variants through in vitro experiments. Our findings in genotype–phenotype relationship provide inspiration for genetic counseling and interpretation of variants. We also provide directions for further research on the mechanism of macrocephaly phenotype.
Confirming the Suitability of a Gentamicin Dosing Strategy in Neonates Using the Population Pharmacokinetic Approach with Truncated Sampling Duration
Authors: Singu Bonifasius Siyuka , Verbeeck Roger Karel , Pieper Clarissa Hildegard , Ette Ene I.
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: Gentamicin is known to be nephrotoxic and ototoxic. Although gentamicin dosage guidelines have been established for preterm and term neonates, reports do show attainment of recommended peak concentrations but toxic gentamicin concentrations are common in this age group. (2) Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted in Namibia with 52 neonates. A dose of 5 mg/kg gentamicin was administered over 3–5 s every 24 h in combination with benzylpenicillin 100,000 IU/kg/12 h or ampicillin 50 mg/kg/8 h. Two blood samples were collected from each participant using a truncated pharmacokinetic sampling schedule. (3) Results: The one-compartment linear pharmacokinetic model best described the data. Birthweight, postnatal age, and white blood cell count were predictive of clearance (CL), while birthweight was predictive of volume (V). For the typical neonate (median weight 1.57 kg, median postnatal age 4 days (0.011 years), median log-transformed WBC of 2.39), predicted CL and V were 0.069 L/h and 0.417 L, respectively—similar to literature values. Simulated gentamicin concentrations varied with respect to postnatal age and bodyweight. (4) Conclusions: A 5 mg/kg/24 h dosage regimen yielded simulated gentamicin concentrations with respect to age and birthweight similar to those previously reported in the literature to be safe and efficacious, confirming its appropriateness.
Association between Motor Skills, Occupational Performance, and Mental Health in Japanese Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study
Authors: Yasunaga Masanori , Miyaguchi Hideki , Ishizuki Chinami , Kita Yosuke , Nakai Akio
Published: July 2024

Background: Motor skills have been linked to executive functions (EFs) in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). However, the traits of other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder, remain overlooked. Therefore, this study explored the association between motor skills, occupational performance, and mental health in older kindergarten children with DCD and other NDDs. Overall, 95 participants aged 5–6 years were included in this study and divided into four groups: DCD traits (DCD-t), DCD-t + NDD traits (DCD-t + NDD-t), NDD-t-only, and typically developing children. Motor skills, EFs, and mental health were assessed using the DCD Questionnaire (DCDQ-J) and Movement Assessment Battery for Children—Second Edition, School Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (S-AMPS), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively. The DCD-t + NDD-t group exhibited a strong correlation between the S-AMPS motor skill score and the DCDQ-J fine motor skill score (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and between the total DCDQ-J score and the SDQ Total Difficulties Score (r = −0.94, p < 0.001). The findings indicate that children with DCD-t and NDD-t are more likely to experience EF and mental health problems than those with DCD-t only.
Neuraminidase-1 (NEU1): Biological Roles and Therapeutic Relevance in Human Disease
Authors: Du Jingxia , Shui Hanqi , Chen Rongjun , Dong Yibo , Xiao Chengyao , Hu Yue , Wong Nai-Kei
Published: July 2024

Neuraminidases catalyze the desialylation of cell-surface glycoconjugates and play crucial roles in the development and function of tissues and organs. In both physiological and pathophysiological contexts, neuraminidases mediate diverse biological activities via the catalytic hydrolysis of terminal neuraminic, or sialic acid residues in glycolipid and glycoprotein substrates. The selective modulation of neuraminidase activity constitutes a promising strategy for treating a broad spectrum of human pathologies, including sialidosis and galactosialidosis, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and pulmonary disorders. Structurally distinct as a large family of mammalian proteins, neuraminidases (NEU1 through NEU4) possess dissimilar yet overlapping profiles of tissue expression, cellular/subcellular localization, and substrate specificity. NEU1 is well characterized for its lysosomal catabolic functions, with ubiquitous and abundant expression across such tissues as the kidney, pancreas, skeletal muscle, liver, lungs, placenta, and brain. NEU1 also exhibits a broad substrate range on the cell surface, where it plays hitherto underappreciated roles in modulating the structure and function of cellular receptors, providing a basis for it to be a potential drug target in various human diseases. This review seeks to summarize the recent progress in the research on NEU1-associated diseases and highlight the mechanistic implications of NEU1 in disease pathogenesis. An improved understanding of NEU1-associated diseases should help accelerate translational initiatives to develop novel or better therapeutics.
Functional Activities and Mechanisms of Aronia melanocarpa in Our Health
Authors: Go Min Young , Kim Jinsick , Jeon Chae Young , Shin Dong Wook
Published: July 2024

Aronia melanocarpa, known as black chokeberry, is rich in polyphenols, comprising flavonoids, such as anthocyanins, flavanols, and flavonols, and phenolic acids, such as chlorogenic acid. These polyphenols endow Aronia melanocarpa with preventive and therapeutic properties against various human diseases. Aronia melanocarpa has beneficial effects against diseases such as diabetes, inflammation, and hypertension. Considering the diverse functional components of Aronia melanocarpa, its efficacy in disease prevention and treatment can operate through multiple pathways, offering a more robust approach to disease control. This review covers the latest research results on the functional components of Aronia melanocarpa and their effects on human diseases.
A Comparison of Severely Injured Patients after Suicide Attempts and Violent Crimes—A Retrospective Study of a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Meyer Heinz-Lothar , Reck Thomas , Polan Christina , Mester Bastian , Burggraf Manuel , Waydhas Christian , Vonderhagen Sonja , Dudda Marcel
Published: July 2024

Background: Seriously injured persons with pre-existing psychiatric conditions or those injured due to violent crimes represent a particularly vulnerable treatment group. Methods: All patients with injuries from suicidal attempts (PSAs) or patients with injuries from violent offenses (PVOs) that presented to the university emergency room of a Level 1 trauma center in Germany between 1 January 2017 and 31 November 2022 were retrospectively investigated. Results: It can be seen that PVOs were significantly younger compared to PSAs (p = 0.03). Total hospital stay was significantly longer for PSAs compared to PVOs (p < 0.001). PSAs were also significantly more severely injured than PVOs (p < 0.001). Our study was able to show a significant difference between both patient groups in the region of injury (p < 0.001). PSAs had a significantly more extensive psychiatric history than PVOs (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Injuries from suicide attempts and violent offenses are a serious and growing public health problem, but one that can be addressed through timely, evidence-based, and often cost-effective interventions. It requires early interaction among multiple disciplines and a standardized approach.
Liquid-Crystalline Supermolecules Inducing Layer Fluctuations: From Hierarchical to Dissipative Structures
Authors: Yoshizawa Atsushi
Published: July 2024

Liquid crystals, which have both liquid and solid properties, inevitably exhibit fluctuations. Some frustrated liquid-crystalline phases with a hierarchical structure, such as cybotactic nematic, modulated smectic, and bicontinuous cubic phases, are fascinating fluctuation-induced phases. In addition to these equilibrium phases, a pattern formation that is a nonequilibrium order through fluctuation is one of the most attractive research areas in soft matter. In this review, the studies on producing these fluctuation-induced orders in liquid crystals are described. Liquid-crystalline supermolecules in which several mesogens are connected via a flexible spacer have been designed. They have not only a characteristic shape but also an intra-molecular dynamic order. The supermolecules induce the fluctuations in layer structures at a molecular level, producing from the frustrated hierarchical to dynamic dissipative structures. In addition to reviewing molecular design for the hierarchical structures, the pattern propagation in a smectic phase is discussed based on the rotation of smectic blocks through Rayleigh–Bénard convection.
HPV Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening in Under-Screened Saskatchewan Populations: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vink Erin , Antaya Gabriella , Hamula Camille , Holinaty Carla , Minion Jessica , Pond Gregory R. , McCrea Sabryna , Dwernychuk Lynn , Graham Holly , Broderick Gordon , Kinloch Mary , Brown Broderick Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Of all cancers in female Canadians, the most rapidly increasing incidence is that of cervical cancer. The objective of this pilot study was to assess how HPV self-sampling might improve cervical cancer screening participation in both urban and rural settings in Saskatchewan, one of the most sparsely populated provinces in Canada. Study groups consisted of n = 250 participants to whom self-swabbing kits were mailed with instructions and n = 250 participants to whom kits were handed out in 6 urban and rural clinics. The inclusion criteria selected subjects aged 30–69 years who were Saskatchewan residents for at least 5 years with valid health coverage, had a cervix, and had no record of cervical cancer screening in 4 years. The returned samples were analyzed for specific HPV strains using the Roche Molecular Diagnostics Cobas 4800® System. The overall response rate was ~16%, with the response to the handout distribution being roughly double that of the mailout. While HPV positivity did not differ across the distribution groups, participants at a specific inner-city clinic reported significantly higher positivity to at least one HPV strain as compared to any other clinic and all mailouts combined. For this high-risk population, in-person handout of self-sampling kits may be the most effective means of improving screening.
Morphokinetics of In Vitro-Derived Embryos—A Lesson from Human and Bovine Studies
Authors: Yaacobi-Artzi Shira , Kalo Dorit , Roth Zvi
Published: July 2024

Embryo transfer has become a major method to improve fertility in both humans and cattle. The current review focuses on predicting an embryo with a high developmental competence and high potential to establish pregnancy. One way to evaluate the embryo quality is to assess its morphology. However, this approach provides only limited and inadequate information. Using a time-lapse system allows a continuous monitoring of embryonic development. Here we introduce the main morphokinetic parameters and discuss their potential to predict embryo viability, implantation, pregnancy, and live birth. Special attention is given to the association between the transcript’s profile and the embryo developmental potential; normally cleaved embryos differ in their profile from their abnormally cleaved counterpart; synchronously and asynchronously cleaved embryos, which are both defined as suitable for transfer, differ in their transcript profile. Recently, the advancements and wide use of time-lapse systems led to the development of algorithms for embryo selection. This technology is already implanted in human in vitro fertilization units, but it is not yet used for domestic animals. The authors believe that combining information from both the human and bovine morphokinetics might reveal the benefits of using a time-lapse system to select embryos with good potential for transfer.
An Approach for Predicting the Lifetime of Lead-Free Soldered Electronic Components: Hitachi Rail STS Case Study
Authors: Renna Paolo , Ambrico Michele , Romaniello Vito , Russino Thomas
Published: July 2024

Throughout much of the 20th century, Sn–Pb solder dominated electronics. However, environmental and health concerns have driven the adoption of lead-free alternatives. Since 2006, legislation such as the European Union’s RoHS Directive has mandated lead-free solder in most electronic devices, prompting extensive research into high-performance substitutes. Lead-free solders offer advantages such as reduced environmental impact and improved reliability but replacing Sn–Pb presents challenges in areas like melting point and wetting ability. This transition is primarily motivated by a focus on protecting environmental and human health, while ensuring equal or even improved reliability. Research has explored lead-free solder’s mechanical properties, microstructure, wettability, and reliability. However, there is a notable lack of studies on its long-term performance and lifetime influence. To address this gap, mathematical models are used to predict intermetallic bond evolution from process conditions, validated with experimental tests. This study contributes by extending these models to predict bond evolution under typical operating conditions of devices and comparing the predictions with actual intermetallic thickness values found through metallographic sections.
Biomarkers for Assessing Diet-Related Neurocognitive Deficits in Children—A Systematic Review
Authors: Essiam Fiifi Amoako Atta Panyin , Amoako Mary , Khanna Rajesh
Published: July 2024

Neurocognitive deficits in children could be irreversible and detrimental to the overall wellbeing of children. Typically, children with this illness live lives below their mental and intellectual potential. The aim of this paper was to review primary evidence on the association between inflammatory biomarkers on neurocognition in children. Electronic databases such as Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were systematically searched to include all published data from 2000 to October 2023. The keywords included serum biomarker, cognition, executive function, intellectual ability, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurocognitive deficits, tau proteins, and children. A total of 8512 journal publications were obtained, but after the removal of duplicates, commentaries, and review papers, 9 papers were accepted for review. C-reactive protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), fibrinogen, plasma leptin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), and copper were associated with neurocognition in the subjects. This review revealed that there is no research published in sub-Saharan Africa and most of the sample sizes in the studies were small.
Photon-Induced Photo-Acoustic Streaming vs. Shock Wave-Enhanced Emission Photo-Acoustic Streaming—The Effect of Three Final Irrigation Protocols on the Bond Strength of an Individually Formed Fiber Post
Authors: Lupita Cassandra , Bojoga Daliana Emanuela , Del Vecchio Alessandro , Stoia Dan Ioan , Grozav Ion , Miron Mariana Ioana , Todea Darinca Carmen
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate how laser-activated irrigation (LAI) influences the retention of a fiber post when used before an endodontic filling, as well as after post space preparation. (2) Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted human incisors were selected. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups—CONVENTIONAL (CONV), PIPS or SWEEPS—and treated endodontically. Each group received irrigation with 1 × 5 mL EDTA (17%) and 3 × 5 mL NaOCl (5.25%). In the first group, the irrigants were not activated, while in the second and third group, LAI was adopted using PIPS and SWEEPS protocols (Lightwalker from Fotona, Ljubliana, Slovenia). After post space preparation, each group received the same irrigation protocol initially established. Sticky posts (everStick Post, GC AUSTRIA GmbH Swiss) were individually adapted to the corresponding post spaces and cemented using dual cure resin cement (Gradia Core, GC Austria GmbH Swiss). All specimens were vertically embedded into self-curing acrylate (Duracryl plus, Spofa Dent, Europe), and each was sectioned into three segments of type A and type B samples for debonding through push-out and pull-out tests. The results were statistically analyzed. (3) Results: The pull-out test showed the superiority of the SWEEPS group, with a mean fracture force of 133.0 ± 50.7 N, followed by the PIPS group, with 102 N, with a lower standard deviation of ± 34.5 N. The CONV group registered the lowest fracture force. Concerning the push-out test, the SWEEPS group showed superior shear stress in comparison to the other two groups (13.45 ± 4.29 MPa); the CONV group was inferior, with shear tension values of 8.31 ± 4.67 MPa. (4) Conclusions: It can be stated that the SWEEPS and PIPS protocols resulted in considerably higher fiber post retention than the conventional method, whereas the SWEEPS protocol was superior to the PIPS protocol.
Osteoarthritic Bony Alterations of Temporomandibular Joint and Relation to Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Edentulous Females
Authors: Krumpane Laura , Nikitina Evija , Neimane Laura , Abeltins Andris , Soboleva Una , Slaidina Anda
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between osteoarthritic bony alterations in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and general bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal edentulous females. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans for both TMJs were acquired for 80 clinically asymptomatic patients (mean age 72 ± 8.8 y). Both lumbar spine and femoral neck measurements of BMD were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The most frequently observed bony alterations were flattening of the articular surface (47.5%), sclerosis (41.5%), subcortical cysts (10%), and erosions (5%). Osteophytes were not observed. No statistical differences were observed between those who had or did not have radiological signs of bony alterations according to age or DXA scores. The prevalence of radiological findings of degenerative TMJ bony alterations in clinically asymptomatic postmenopausal females did not confirm a connection with a generally low BMD.
Path Planning for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) Considering the Influences and Constraints of Ocean Currents
Authors: Chen Ziming , Yan Jinjin , Huang Ruen , Gao Yisong , Peng Xiuyan , Yuan Weijie
Published: July 2024

Ocean currents pose a significant challenge in the path planning of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), with conventional path-planning algorithms often failing to effectively counter these influences. In response to this challenge, we propose a path-planning algorithm that can consider the influences and constraints of ocean currents, which leverages the strengths of two widely employed path-planning algorithms, A* and the genetic algorithm (GA), to account for the influences of ocean currents on the planned paths. Specifically, it enhances the initial population generation, formulates a fitness function tailored to ocean current conditions, and employs an adaptive mutation approach to enhance population diversity and stability. By utilizing simulated and real-world ocean current datasets, we validated the feasibility of the proposed algorithm with quantitative metrics. The results demonstrate that in comparison to conventional methods, the new algorithm can deal with the influences and constraints of ocean currents in AUV path planning, resulting in notable enhancements in path smoothness, energy efficiency, and safety.
Breast Cancer Detection with Quanvolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Matondo-Mvula Nadine , Elleithy Khaled
Published: July 2024

Quantum machine learning holds the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment and diagnostic imaging by uncovering complex patterns beyond the reach of classical methods. This study explores the effectiveness of quantum convolutional layers in classifying ultrasound breast images for cancer detection. By encoding classical data into quantum states through angle embedding and employing a robustly entangled 9-qubit circuit design with an SU(4) gate, we developed a Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) and compared it to a classical CNN of similar architecture. Our QCNN model, leveraging two quantum circuits as convolutional layers, achieved an impressive peak training accuracy of 76.66% and a validation accuracy of 87.17% at a learning rate of 1 × 10−2. In contrast, the classical CNN model attained a training accuracy of 77.52% and a validation accuracy of 83.33%. These compelling results highlight the potential of quantum circuits to serve as effective convolutional layers for feature extraction in image classification, especially with small datasets.
Evolution of Telencephalon Anterior–Posterior Patterning through Core Endogenous Network Bifurcation
Authors: Sun Chen , Yao Mengchao , Xiong Ruiqi , Su Yang , Zhu Binglin , Chen Yong-Cong , Ao Ping
Published: July 2024

How did the complex structure of the telencephalon evolve? Existing explanations are based on phenomena and lack a first-principles account. The Darwinian dynamics and endogenous network theory—established decades ago—provides a mathematical and theoretical framework and a general constitutive structure for theory–experiment coupling for answering this question from a first-principles perspective. By revisiting a gene network that explains the anterior–posterior patterning of the vertebrate telencephalon, we found that upon increasing the cooperative effect within this network, fixed points gradually evolve, accompanied by the occurrence of two bifurcations. The dynamic behavior of this network is informed by the knowledge obtained from experiments on telencephalic evolution. Our work provides a quantitative explanation for how telencephalon anterior–posterior patterning evolved from the pre-vertebrate chordate to the vertebrate and provides a series of verifiable predictions from a first-principles perspective.
Congestion Transition on Random Walks on Graphs
Authors: Di Meco Lorenzo , Degli Esposti Mirko , Bellisardi Federico , Bazzani Armando
Published: July 2024

The formation of congestion on an urban road network is a key issue for the development of sustainable mobility in future smart cities. In this work, we propose a reductionist approach by studying the stationary states of a simple transport model using a random process on a graph, where each node represents a location and the link weights give the transition rates to move from one node to another, representing the mobility demand. Each node has a maximum flow rate and a maximum load capacity, and we assume that the average incoming flow equals the outgoing flow. In the approximation of the single-step process, we are able to analytically characterize the traffic load distribution on the single nodes using a local maximum entropy principle. Our results explain how congested nodes emerge as the total traffic load increases, analogous to a percolation transition where the appearance of a congested node is an independent random event. However, using numerical simulations, we show that in the more realistic case of synchronous dynamics for the nodes, entropic forces introduce correlations among the node states and favor the clustering of empty and congested nodes. Our aim is to highlight the universal properties of congestion formation and, in particular, to understand the role of traffic load fluctuations as a possible precursor of congestion in a transport network.
Investigating Seismic Events along the Eurasian Plate between Greece and Turkey: 10 Years of Seismological Analysis and Implications
Authors: Moshou Alexandra
Published: July 2024

The North Aegean Sea region in Greece is located at the convergence of the Eurasian, African, and Anatolian tectonic plates. The region experiences frequent seismicity ranging from moderate to large-magnitude earthquakes. Tectonic interactions and seismic events in this area have far-reaching implications for understanding the broader geological processes in the eastern Mediterranean region. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the seismic activity of the North Aegean Sea region by employing advanced seismological techniques and data analyses. Data from onshore seismological networks were collected and analyzed to assess the characteristics of the earthquakes in the region. Seismicity patterns, focal mechanisms, and seismic moment calculations were performed to assess current seismic activity. The present study combined spatiotemporal analysis with the analysis of genesis mechanisms, and this resulted in more results than those of previous studies. Detailed analysis of the seismic data showed patterns in the occurrence of earthquakes over time, with periodic episodes of increased seismic activity compared to activities followed by quieter periods. Finally, this study proves that recent earthquakes in the study area (2017, 2020) highlight the complexity of seismicity as well as the consequences of strong earthquakes on people and buildings. Overall, these findings suggest that the North Aegean Sea is becoming increasingly seismically active and is a potential risk zone for adjacent regions.