bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrieving gap-free daily root zone soil moisture using surface flux equilibrium theory
Authors: Raghav Pushpendra , Kumar Mukesh
Published: September 2021

Root zone soil moisture (RZSM) is a dominant control on crop productivity, land-atmosphere feedbacks, and the hydrologic response of watersheds. Despite its importance, obtaining gap-free daily moisture data remains challenging. For example, remote sensing-based soil moisture products often have gaps arising from limits posed by the presence of clouds and satellite revisit period. Here, we retrieve a proxy of daily RZSM using the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimates from Surface Flux Equilibrium Theory (SFET). Our method is calibration-less, parsimonious, and only needs widely available meteorological data and standard land-surface parameters. Evaluation of the retrievals at Oklahoma Mesonet sites shows that our method, overall, matches or outperforms widely available RZSM estimates from three markedly different approaches, viz. remote sensing data based Atmosphere-Land EXchange Inversion (ALEXI) model, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, and the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission RZSM data product. When compared with in-situ observations, unbiased root mean square difference of retrieved RZSM were 0.03 (m3 m−3), 0.06 (m3 m−3), and 0.05 (m3 m−3) for our method, the ALEXI model, and the VIC model, respectively. Better performance of our method is attributed to the use of both SFET for the estimation of ETa and non-parametric kernel-based method used to relate the RZSM with ETa. RZSM from our method may serve as a more accurate and temporally-complete alternative for a variety of applications including mapping of agricultural droughts, assimilation of RZSM for hydrometeorological forecasting, and design of optimal irrigation schedules.
Impacts of dams on surrounding groundwater levels
Authors: Sulistiyono H , Agustawijaya D S , Wardani B W R
Published: September 2021

The increasing number of dams built to address surface water problems has attracted the awareness of engineers about the impact of water in dams on surrounding groundwater levels. Some of the benefits of a dam include reducing peak flooding and storing excess water during the rainy season for use in the dry season. However, it is necessary to be aware that an increase in surface water in one place can have a negative impact on the surrounding environment. This paper describes the relationship between the water level in the dam and changes in the surrounding groundwater level. This study did not discuss the type of soil layer. The analysis was carried out by observing the level of the surrounding wells. Following Darcy’s law of homogeneous isotropic steady-state flow, as well as the principle of the double-well pumping test, the well water level is used as a groundwater representation level. This research was conducted in the sub-districts around the Pandan Duri Dam. The results showed that water levels inside the dam had a significant impact on the surrounding groundwater levels. This is evidenced in this research that water levels of wells in Sakra District significantly changes following the change in water levels inside the Pandan Duri Dam.
Malay heritage: rehabilitation of Uma Kabuong Limo house
Authors: Muhd M A A , Indra K
Published: September 2021

Uma Kabuong Limo is an 80-year-old traditional Malay house located in an old village of Pulau Belimbing, Riau Province. This building represents Malay architecture. Currently, the building is experiencing damage to its structural and architectural components. Several factors cause building damage such as building age, weather, usage, and flooding. This damage can lead to collapse and loss of the building as a whole. This study aims to identify the characteristics and see the damage to the building elements of Uma Kabuong Limo. This research method is descriptive qualitative with synchronic reading analysis technique. The research stage was to collect data through field observations and interviews. The next stage is making the model through Building Information Modelling to see the comparison of building damage. The results showed that the architectural knowledge was manifested in construction techniques, building materials, and carvings. Damage to buildings can be seen in structural and architectural elements. The level of damage is in the category of heavy damage, so it is necessary to immediately carry out building rehabilitation. The results of this research will be used further in the stage of preparing the document for the rehabilitation model of the Uma Kabuong Limo.
Effectiveness of vibratory added mixing concrete with heating-grinding recycled coarse aggregate
Authors: Kencanawati N N , Hariyadi H , Akmaluddin A , Karyawan I D M A , Mahmud F , Saputro P N
Published: September 2021

Concrete is a building material that is widely used in the construction industry. With the increasing need for concrete, the demand for constituent materials will increase. To reduce dependence on natural materials, the recycling process of the concrete waste has been encouraged recently. This study applied a heating and grinding method of waste concrete to obtain higher quality recycled coarse aggregate. The addition of vibrations in the mixing process is aimed to enhance the recycled concrete compressive strength. To produce recycled coarse aggregate, the concrete waste was heated to a temperature of 100°C for 24 hours followed by a grinding process using a Los Angeles machine for 600 cycles. Additional vibrations for 30, 60, and 90 were applied in a concrete mixer during the mixing process. Conventional concrete with normal aggregate and no additional vibration during mixing was also provided for comparison. According to the experimental results, the quality of natural coarse aggregate and the recycled one using heating and grinding methods is not much different. Compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete with vibrations of 30, 60, and 90 seconds increases 21.1%, 22.1%, and 22.6% sequentially correlated to normal concrete. Recycled concrete using heating and grinding methods with the addition of vibration during the mixing process is effective to be used as an alternative to normal coarse aggregate.
Indoor temperature in perimeter spaces on warm humid tropical courtyard housing model
Authors: Defiana I
Published: September 2021

In general, Indonesia housing provides open space at front and fence. Open space inside that expose to sky is predicated as inner courtyard. Housing provide open or green space on side rarely. In humid tropics, high temperatures most of the year have an effect on thermal comfort. To fulfill thermal comfort, a housing model with inner courtyards on side and fence is proposed. In this case, representation of warm humid tropic is Surabaya. Simulation method is used to predict indoor temperature of spaces in perimeter courtyard. Spaces located on inner courtyard perimeters are living room, bedrooms and kitchen. These rooms have duration of occupancy more than one hour. With the existence of these inner courtyards, inhabitants can connect with green open space. The result show, on the hottest month, side and fence of inner courtyard model could support indoor temperature. For 14 hours, living room and bedrooms in thermal neutral zone. Except kitchen, only for 4 hours in thermal neutral zone
Inoculation of Bacillus cereus enhance phytoremediation efficiency of Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes in removing heavy metal Pb
Authors: Zahari N Z , Tuah P M , Rahim S A
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the effects of inoculation rhizhosperic microbes namely Bacillus cereus-NMeHI-Cr2 towards the roots of two locally aquatic macrophytes in removing heavy metals Pb from simulated wastewater. Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were selected in this study due to their absorption capability and acts as biological filters by accumulating heavy metals in their tissue’s bodies. The inoculation of B. cereus-NMeHI-Cr2 onto the roots of P. stratiotes and E. crassipes was conducted in non-continuous horizontal flow (NCHF) reactor with addition of 1.5mg/L of Pb comprising of T2: treatment with inoculation of B. cereus-NMeHI-Cr2, T4: Non inoculation of B. cereus-NMeHI-Cr2 and T6: no plant growth in NCHF reactor (control). After 15 days of cultivation, the treatment integrated with inoculation of B. cereus-NMeHI-Cr2 resulted 83.7% removal efficiency of Pb followed by T4 (70.4%) and T6 (2%) respectively. Furthermore, 63.8 ug/g of Pb was observed in T2 treatment with similar distribution pattern as roots > leaves > stalks in E. crassipes and roots> leaves in P. stratiotes. The physical changes of both plants were also monitored to show any toxicity symptoms experienced as a result of heavy metal Pb. This study validates that the removal of Pb was done via rhizofiltration mechanism as the value of enrichment factor was found below than 1000. The identified plants species with inoculation of Bacillus cereus-NMeHI-Cr2 provides a simple and cost-effective method for application of metal polluted water.
Countermeasures analysis of landslide in the cikeusal village of Tasikmalaya regency
Authors: Salimah A , Yelvi Y , Hazmi M
Published: September 2021

The construction of telecommunication towers aims to improve customer service. So that advances in the field of communication and information technology can be felt by residents who are far away in remote parts of the country. The construction of this tower must be planned as well as possible, especially for areas prone to landslides because towers are usually placed in higher areas. The landslide incident at the location of the telecommunication tower in Cikeusal Village, Tasikmalaya Regency can be used as an evaluation for other areas prone to landslides. The landslide can endanger the settlements under the tower. Field investigations are carried out as a basis for making plans to overcome landslides. The analysis was performed using Plaxis 2D software. The results of the strengthening analysis after the erosion prevention were carried out (with several stage), the factor of safety was 1.805 at section B and 3,228 at section C. The recommendations are given for landslide prevention are replacing the old retaining wall with the new one gradually, adding a column in the middle of the retaining wall, adding bored piles under the retaining wall, making drain pipe on the retaining wall to accommodate water flow from the ground surface, replacing the old stairs for access roads that were affected by landslides with new stairs and made with 2 applications so that the slope of the stairs is not too steep, as well as making a foundation for the stairs. It is hoped that the landslide occurrence and the results of the analysis of slope stability in Cikeusal Village, Tasikmalaya Regency can be used as evaluation material in the construction of telecommunication towers for landslide-prone areas.
Determining of black spot location in Purbalingga Regency using road geometric approach
Authors: Sugiyanto G , Prasetyo Y A , Indriyati E W , Yanto Y , Santi M Y
Published: September 2021

Traffic accidents are still one of the serious problems faced by the Indonesian Government. Based on traffic accident data from Traffic Corps Republic of Indonesia the number of traffic accidents in 2020 is 100,028 incidents and the number of deaths due to accidents is 23,529 people. Traffic accidents are caused by several factors such as vehicles, human error of road users, road conditions and the environment. Road geometry is one factor that contributes to the high value of the risk of accidents. One effort to reduce the number of traffic accidents is identification and handling the black spot location. The purpose of this research was to determine the black spot locations using road geometric facilities. Thus, the black spot location can be predicted before the incidence of a traffic accident occurs through the weighting parameter road geometric. Research was conducted on arterial and collector roads in Purbalingga. Six road geometric parameters are used to determine black spot locations, namely vehicle speed, road lane width, road shoulder width, road pavement width, road median width, and shoulder drop-off (difference in elevation between road shoulder and the pavement edge). Weighting intervals for road geometrics are 1 to 5 with interval 1. As a result of this study, there are differences in the ranking of black spot locations based on the equivalent accident number method and the road geometric parameter approach. The further research is conducted to determine the coefficient value of each road geometric parameter and combined with road equipment facilities.
Optimum operational conditions for mixotrophic microalgae growth and nutrient recovery
Authors: Oz C , Fletcher L , Camargo-Valero M A
Published: September 2021

Microalgae have been presented as microorganisms with great potential to recover nutrient from wastewater. Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae in nutrient rich wastewater can help eliminating the deficiencies of both phototrophic and heterotrophic growth by allowing the independent optimisation of respiration and photosynthesis processes. Nutrient control and uptake by mixotrophic microalgae can be achieved either in a single or two-stage process using sequential reactors in a continuous flow system. Therefore, this work aims at studying mixotrophic microalgae growth in a two-stage biological process under continuous flow conditions with biomass recycle to recover nutrients from wastewater, considering the effects of different operational conditions (hydraulic retention time (HRT), cell retention time (CRT) and different nitrogen sources). The optimum operational conditions for algal nutrient uptake were identified to be 48 h HRT and 14 d CRT, using a mix of nitrogen sources (Ammonium-N to Nitrate-N ratio of 1:1) with 40.0% and 93.2% of phosphorus of nitrogen recovery in algal biomass, respectively.
Duri Kosambi Sponge Park: The application of Sponge City concept on green open space in reducing flood intensity in Jakarta
Authors: Hadhinata C , Firdaus N , Pratama M M A
Published: September 2021

Flood in Jakarta has been a big issue nowadays. It soaked a thousand hundred hectares of resident area. There are many factors generating flood in that area, such as the dysfunctional of green open space as flood control. Furthermore, the large of provided green open space has not been complied the requirement, as only 9.9% of pre-requirement large of 30% of large area. Sponge City Concept is on of ideas in the form water controlling succeeded to be applied in China having 4 main concepts, which are water ecology, water safety, water environment, and water resources. Therefore, this article takes green open space Duri Kosambi as the specific research object by redesigning it into Duri Kosambi Sponge Park. This paper utilizes 3 (three) steps in redesigning green open space Duri Kosambi, pre-design, design, and post-design. The result of this paper Duri Kosambi Sponge Park design consisting of a plan-layout design, an aesthetic bioswale, a multifunction “O’Area”, and an absorption poll visualized in 3D picture. Additionally, a plan and analysis of Duri Kosambi implementation are discussed in this paper. By stating this idea, it is expected to be able to give the positive effect for environment, economics, and social culture in the society.
Geopolymer hybrid fly ash concrete for construction and conservation in peat environment: A review
Authors: Yanuari R , Septari D , Rindy J A , Olivia M
Published: September 2021

Fly ash is industrial residue from the coal combustion in electric and steam generating plants and recognized as an environmental pollutant. Fly ash contains a high concentration of silica and alumina and can be used as geopolymer concrete. Studies the use of fly ash as a geopolymer concrete mixture has been developing in recent decades. This review focuses on the characteristics of fly ash as hybrid geopolymer concrete, and its resistance is peat environment. The hybrid geopolymer is made by activating fly ash using an alkaline activator and Portland cement. The addition of fly ash geopolymer concrete with Portland cement forms N-A-S-H bond structure from fly ash, and C-S-H hydration bond from Portland cement forms C-A-S-H, which is more solid and stronger against aggressive environment such as peat. In addition, the geopolymer concrete is proven to be able to mobilize heavy metals in fly ash so the concrete has low leaching rate and not harmful to the peat ecosystem. This review proves that hybrid geopolymer concrete using fly ash is a potentially innovative and promising material in the future. The geopolymer hybrid not only has its resistance to peat and acts as conservative material in an environmentally friendly peat environment.
Elektroof: Smart roof as an energy independent solution for Indonesia in the future
Authors: Azhar A W , Al-Fikri M H , Sulasmono R I , Sholikhah N , Wafiyah N A , Dewi C P
Published: September 2021

The Electric Steam Power Plant is still being one of the most commonly used power plants in Indonesia. The use of coal has so many bad impacts on humans and also environmental health. The existence of coal reserves is decreased each year caused of non-renewable energy. Therefore, an innovation for alternative power plants sourced from renewable energy is needed to reduce pollution and be more environmentally friendly. This study examines the possibility of using solar energy and raindrops as the main energy source for elektroof systems. The method used for this study is by comparing the literature about the utilization of piezoelectric and solar cells as the new source of power generators in typical house buildings in Indonesia. The results of the literature study showed that 1 elektroof can produce electrical energy of 183 wh when the weather is hot and when the weather rains elektroof can produce 156 wh so that the elektroof can be used as a tile on the roof of the house that can simultaneously become a self-contained power plant. Elektroof can generate energy by utilizing renewable energy in the form of sunlight and rainwater. Thus, elektroof is possible for use in Indonesia which is a tropical country.
An overview on carbon nanotubes as innovative absorbent for marine oil spill
Authors: Arum L A S , Pawestri Y E , Zaki M , Mahendratha M H W , Awaliya N , Pratama M M A
Published: September 2021

Marine oil spills due to drilling activities is a serious problem worldwide because it poses a major risk to marine ecosystem. So far, researchers in the world continues to innovate materials to clean up marine oil spills. Among them, based on carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are known have perfect ability to absorb oil and neutralize substance. This study review provides the various types of carbon nanotubes that have best quality to absorb marine oil spills. Continue with various types of carbon nanotubes technology, which technology should be developed in the future by considering each advantage possessed by of carbon nanotubes in order to create product innovation that efficient and environmentally friendly because does not make some new pollution. Therefore, carbon nanotubes is a good choice material to clean up marine oil spills.
An overview of the permeable reactive barrier as part of water remediation system in tropical countries
Authors: Ibrahim I N , Rahman M A A Q , Hannandya M A , Avicenna M H , Bathista M D , Pratama M M A
Published: September 2021

Natural resources are widely used for daily life, but due to poor utilization it can cause natural disasters. Disasters can occur due to several circumstances, such as flooding, which is caused by a malfunction of the drainage system. Floods may contain some bad compounds; therefore, proper solutions are needed to prevent soil pollution. Permeable reactive barrier or PRB can be a solution to this problem. There are various ingredients and benefits of Permeable Reactive Barriers, such as the addition of carbon particles, which will filter water containing petroleum when water passes through PRB. With the help of porous concrete, the water will flow into the permeable reactive barrier and then flow into the bio pores, so that it can make the surrounding soil more fertile. This paper review aims to discuss the use of permeable reactive barriers for soil remediation in tropical countries.
Magnetisation configuration in arrays of permalloy rectangles and its impact on magnetisation reversal
Authors: Newton P J , Devlin N B , Masur S M , Ghidini M , Backes D , Maccherozzi F , Pacheco-Pumaleque A A , Esqueche M A González , Barnes C H W
Published: September 2021

The remanent domain structures of composite element magnetic barcodes have been imaged using photo-emission electron microscopy with contrast from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD-PEEM) and analysed with reference to the results of micromagnetic simulations. The magnetisation configuration at the end of wide strips is found to be perpendicular to the majority magnetisation direction. This transitions to an incomplete rotation for nominal strip widths below 300 nm and is found to affect the mechanics of magnetisation reversal for nominal strip widths below 200 nm, owing to a difference in magnetisation orientation when an external magnetic field is applied that is just smaller than the magnetic coercivity of the structures and a corresponding change in reversal dynamics. This change in domain structure as strip width decreases is consistent with both the influence of shape anisotropy and with measurements of magnetic hysteresis. The magnetisation reversal characteristics of composite element structures are found to be dependent on the relative magnetisation configurations of neighbouring strips, which in turn are found to vary stochastically upon the application and removal of a magnetic field along the easy axis of the structure. It is found that the application of a canted field is necessary to ensure sharp, consistent magnetisation reversal of bits when writing a binary code. These results confirm that either improved lithography of narrower strips or non-rectangular elements would be necessary to further increase the number of individually programmable bits in a barcode.
Surface modification of AISI-304 steel by ZnO synthesis using cathodic cage plasma deposition
Authors: Junior W Nogueira , Naeem M , Costa T H C , Díaz-Guillén J C , Díaz-Guillén M R , Iqbal Javed , Jelani Mohsan , Sousa R R M
Published: September 2021

Zinc-oxide (ZnO), a solid lubricant coating, can increase the wear resistance of steels by working as a self-lubricant. In this study, ZnO film is synthesized using the cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD) technique, using galvanized steel cathodic cage (steel cage with zinc coating). The effect of gas composition (H2 is added in Ar-O2) is investigated to optimize the film properties. The surface hardness is increased more than twice in each processing condition. The deposited film shows ZnO phases for samples treated with low hydrogen contents and a combination of ZnO and magnetite phase (Fe3O4) with higher hydrogen contents. The thickness of film reduced from 1.28 μm to 0.5 μm by increasing the hydrogen composition. The wear resistance is expressively increased by film deposition, and the abrasive wear mechanism is changed to an adhesive wear mechanism. A significant decrease in wear rate is observed, specifically by increasing the hydrogen contents. The friction coefficient as a function of sliding distance is smoother and lower than the base material in each condition. This study suggests that the CCPD technique can effectively deposit the solid lubricant coating of ZnO, and it can be used to enhance the tribological properties of steel samples. Moreover, this technique is convenient due to its better deposition efficiency, eco-friendly (no chemicals are involved), simple and relatively low-cost equipment, and low processing temperature. Thus, it can be advantageous for industrial sectors interested in materials with exceptional tribological properties.
Evaluation of gases’ molecular abundance ratio by fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with a metal-assisted method
Authors: ZHU Yu , ZHOU Pingwei , LI Shengfu
Published: September 2021

A metal-assisted method is proposed for the evaluation of gases’ molecular abundance ratio in fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FO-LIBS). This method can reduce the laser ablation energy and make gas composition identification possible. The principle comes from the collision between the detected gases and the plasma produced by the laser ablation of the metal substrate. The interparticle collision in the plasma plume leads to gas molecules dissociating and sparking, which can be used to determine the gas composition. The quantitative relationship between spectral line intensity and molecular abundance ratio was developed over a large molecular abundance ratio range. The influence of laser ablation energy and substrate material on gas quantitative calibration measurement is also analyzed. The proposed metal-assisted method makes the measurement of gases’ molecular abundance ratios possible with an FO-LIBS system.
A genome-wide circular RNA transcriptome in rat
Authors: Sharma Disha , Sehgal Paras , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Scaria Vinod
Published: September 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of noncoding RNAs that back-splice from 5ʹ donor site and 3ʹ acceptor sites to form a circular structure. A number of circRNAs have been discovered in model organisms including human, mouse, Drosophila, among other organisms. There are a few candidate-based studies on circRNAs in rat, a well-studied model organism as well. A number of pipelines have been published to identify the back splice junctions for the discovery of circRNAs but studies comparing these tools have suggested that a combination of tools would be a better approach to identify high-confidence circRNAs. The availability of a recent dataset of transcriptomes encompassing 11 tissues, 4 developmental stages, and 2 genders motivated us to explore the landscape of circRNAs in the organism in this context. In order to understand the difference among different pipelines, we employed five different combinations of tools to identify circular RNAs from the dataset. We compared the results of the different combination of tools/pipelines with respect to alignment, total number of circRNAs identified and read-coverage. In addition, we identified tissue-specific, development-stage specific and gender-specific circRNAs and further independently validated 16 circRNA junctions out of 24 selected candidates in 5 tissue samples and estimated the quantitative expression of five circRNA candidates using real-time polymerase chain reaction and our analysis suggests three candidates as tissue-enriched. This study is one of the most comprehensive studies which provides a map of circRNAs transcriptome as well as to understand the difference among different computational pipelines in rat.
Recovery of severe dialysis disequilibrium syndrome with uncal herniation following therapy with mannitol, hyperventilation and hypertonic saline
Authors: Liu Kuan-Hung , Lee Shao-Hua , Lin Wei-Ren , Tsai Yau-Sheng , Sung Junne-Ming
Published: September 2021

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a rare complication of dialysis, especially with the general application of preventive strategies. Severe DDS with brain herniation is believed to be fatal. We present a patient presenting with bilateral uncal herniation after receiving two dialysis sessions with low-efficiency settings. Serial brain magnetic resonance imaging studies showed the temporal evolution of DDS-induced cerebral edema. With aggressive treatment of hypertonic saline and mannitol, the patient made a remarkable recovery. This case highlights that we should be cautious about this severe complication of dialysis even with preventive strategies, and recovery is possible with prompt recognition and treatment.
Machine Learning-based Prediction Models for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nguyen Nghia H , Picetti Dominic , Dulai Parambir S , Jairath Vipul , Sandborn William J , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Chen Peter L , Singh Siddharth
Published: September 2021

Background and Aims

There is increasing interest in machine learning-based prediction models in inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. We synthesised and critically appraised studies comparing machine learning vs traditional statistical models, using routinely available clinical data for risk prediction in IBD.

Methods

Through a systematic review till January 1, 2021, we identified cohort studies that derived and/or validated machine learning models, based on routinely collected clinical data in patients with IBD, to predict the risk of harbouring or developing adverse clinical outcomes, and reported its predictive performance against a traditional statistical model for the same outcome. We appraised the risk of bias in these studies using the Prediction model Risk of Bias ASsessment [PROBAST] tool.

Results

We included 13 studies on machine learning-based prediction models in IBD, encompassing themes of predicting treatment response to biologics and thiopurines and predicting longitudinal disease activity and complications and outcomes in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis. The most common machine learning models used were tree-based algorithms, which are classification approaches achieved through supervised learning. Machine learning models outperformed traditional statistical models in risk prediction. However, most models were at high risk of bias, and only one was externally validated.

Conclusions

Machine learning-based prediction models based on routinely collected data generally perform better than traditional statistical models in risk prediction in IBD, though frequently have high risk of bias. Future studies examining these approaches are warranted, with special focus on external validation and clinical applicability.
The Effect of Phenotype and Genotype on the Plasma Proteome in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bourgonje Arno R , Hu Shixian , Spekhorst Lieke M , Zhernakova Daria V , Vich Vila Arnau , Li Yanni , Voskuil Michiel D , van Berkel Lisette A , Bley Folly Brenda , Charrout Mohammed , Mahfouz Ahmed , Reinders Marcel J T , van Heck Julia I P , Joosten Leo A B , Visschedijk Marijn C , van Dullemen Hendrik M , Faber Klaas Nico , Samsom Janneke N , Festen Eleonora A M , Dijkstra Gerard , Weersma Rinse K
Published: September 2021

Background and Aims

Protein profiling in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is underexplored. This study analysed the association between phenotype, genotype, and the plasma proteome in IBD.

Methods

A total of 92 inflammation-related proteins were quantified in plasma of 1028 patients with IBD (567 Crohn’s disease [CD]; 461 ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 148 healthy individuals to assess protein-phenotype associations. Corresponding whole-exome sequencing and global screening array data of 919 patients with IBD were included to analyse the effect of genetics on protein levels (protein quantitative trait loci [pQTL] analysis). Intestinal mucosal RNA sequencing and faecal metagenomic data were used for complementary analyses.

Results

Thirty-two proteins were differentially abundant between IBD and healthy individuals, of which 22 proteins were independent of active inflammation; 69 proteins were associated with 15 demographic and clinical factors. Fibroblast growth factor-19 levels were decreased in CD patients with ileal disease or a history of ileocecal resection. Thirteen novel cis-pQTLs were identified and 10 replicated from previous studies. One trans-pQTL of the fucosyltransferase 2 [FUT2] gene [rs602662] and two independent cis-pQTLs of C-C motif chemokine 25 [CCL25] affected plasma CCL25 levels. Intestinal gene expression data revealed an overlapping cis-expression [e]QTL-variant [rs3745387] of the CCL25 gene. The FUT2 rs602662 trans-pQTL was associated with reduced abundances of faecal butyrate-producing bacteria.

Conclusions

This study shows that genotype and multiple disease phenotypes strongly associate with the plasma inflammatory proteome in IBD, and identifies disease-associated pathways that may help to improve disease management in the future.
Aortic valve calcification among elderly males from the general population, associated echocardiographic findings, and clinical implications
Authors: Khurrami Lida , Møller Jacob Eifer , Lindholt Jes Sanddal , Dahl Jordi Sancez , Fredgart Maise Hoeigaard , Obel Lasse M , Steffensen Flemming Hald , Urbonaviciene Grazina , Lambrechtsen Jess , Diederichsen Axel Cosmus Pyndt
Published: September 2021

Aims

Aortic valve calcification (AVC) detected by non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) associates with morbidity and mortality in patients with aortic valve stenosis. However, the importance of AVC in the general population is sparsely evaluated. We intend to describe the associations between AVC score on NCCT and echocardiographic findings as left atrial (LA) dilatation, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, aortic valve area (AVA), peak velocity, mean gradient, and aortic valve replacement (AVR) in a population with AVC scores ≥300 AU.

Methods and results

Of 10 471 males aged 65–74 years from the Danish Cardiovascular Screening trial (DANCAVAS), participants with AVC score ≥300 AU were invited for transthoracic echocardiography and 828 (77%) of 1075 accepted the invitation. AVC scores were categorized (300–599, 600–799, 800–1199, and ≥1200 AU). AVR was obtained from registries. AVC was significantly associated with a steady increase in LA dilation (10.5%, 16.3%, 15.8%, 19.6%, P = 0.031), LV hypertrophy (3.9%, 6.6%, 8.9%, 10.1%, P = 0.021), peak velocity (1.7, 1.9, 2.1, 2.8 m/s, P = 0001), mean gradient (6, 8, 11, 19 mmHg, P = 0.0001), and a decrease in AVA (2.0, 1.9, 1.7, 1.3 cm2, P = 0.0001). The area under the curve was 0.79, 0.93, and 0.92 for AVA ≤1.5 cm2, peak velocity ≥3.0 m/s, and mean gradient ≥20 mmHg, respectively, and the associated optimal AVC score thresholds were 734, 1081, and 1019 AU. AVC > 1200 AU was associated with AVR (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Among males from the background population, increasing AVC scores were associated with LA dilatation, LV hypertrophy, AVA, peak aortic velocity, mean aortic gradient, and AVR.
Diaphragmatic pacemaker-induced ventricular tachycardia leading to cardiac arrest: a case report
Authors: Dong Tony , Chami Tarek , Janus Scott , Hajjari Jamal , Fernandez Antonio Sotolongo , Josephson Richard
Published: September 2021

Background

Diaphragmatic pacemakers are used to assist respiration in ventilator-dependent patients. Electromagnetic interference with intrinsic cardiac electrical activity is a theoretical risk but has never been reported in the literature. This case highlights a serious complication of cardiac arrest as a result of diaphragmatic pacing.

Case summary

We report a quadriplegic patient with recent diaphragmatic pacemaker implantation who presented with ventricular tachycardia leading to cardiac arrest. Extensive workup was negative for other aetiologies for ventricular arrhythmias. Reduction of the left-sided diaphragmatic pacemaker voltage resulted in cessation of ventricular ectopy.

Discussion

Diaphragmatic pacing at high voltages can cause unwanted transmission of impulses to the cardiac myocytes as a rare complication. This should be noted as a possible complication of intramuscular diaphragmatic pacing, and efforts should be taken to circumvent this risk in the future.
An autoregulation loop infust-1for circular RNA regulation inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Cao Dong
Published: September 2021

Many circular RNAs (circRNAs) are differentially expressed in different tissues or cell types, suggestive of specific factors that regulate their biogenesis. Here, taking advantage of available mutation strains of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in Caenorhabditis elegans, I performed a screening of circRNA regulation in 13 conserved RBPs. Among them, loss of FUST-1, the homolog of Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), caused downregulation of multiple circRNAs. By rescue experiments, I confirmed FUST-1 as a circRNA regulator. Through RNA sequencing using circRNA-enriched samples, circRNAs targets regulated by FUST-1 were identified globally, with hundreds of them significantly altered. Furthermore, I showed that FUST-1 regulates circRNA formation with only small to little effect on the cognate linear mRNAs. When recognizing circRNA pre-mRNAs, FUST-1 can affect both exon-skipping and circRNA in the same genes. Moreover, I identified an autoregulation loop in fust-1, where FUST-1, isoform a (FUST-1A) promotes the skipping of exon 5 of its own pre-mRNA, which produces FUST-1, isoform b (FUST-1B) with different N-terminal sequences. FUST-1A is the functional isoform in circRNA regulation. Although FUST-1B has the same functional domains as FUST-1A, it cannot regulate either exon-skipping or circRNA formation. This study provided an in vivo investigation of circRNA regulation, which will be helpful to understand the mechanisms that govern circRNA formation.
A grading system for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer with liver metastasis
Authors: Hori Soshi , Honda Michitaka , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Kawamura Hidetaka , Takiguchi Koichi , Muto Atsushi , Yamazaki Shigeru , Teranishi Yasushi , Shiraso Satoru , Kono Koji , Kamiga Takahiro , Iwao Toshiyasu , Yamashita Naoyuki
Published: September 2021

Objective

The prognosis of patients with liver metastases from gastric cancer is determined using tumor size and number of metastases; this is similar to the factors used for the prediction of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. The relationship between the degree of liver metastasis from gastric cancer and prognosis with reference to the classification of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer was investigated.

Methods

This was a multi-institutional historical cohort study. Among patients with stage IV gastric cancer, who visited the cancer hospitals in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, between 2008 and 2015, those with simultaneous liver metastasis were included. Abdominal pretreatment computed tomography images were reviewed and classified into H1 (four or less liver metastases with a maximum diameter of ≤5 cm); H2 (other than H1 and H3) or H3 (five or more liver metastases with a maximum diameter of ≥5 cm). The hazard ratio for overall survival according to the H grade (H1, H2 and H3) was calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

A total of 412 patients were analyzed. Patients with H1, H2 and H3 grades were 118, 162 and 141, respectively, and their median survival time was 10.2, 5.7 and 3.1 months, respectively (log-rank P < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio for overall survival was H1: H2: H3 = reference: 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.85): 1.69 (95% confidence interval: 1.27–2.27).

Conclusions

The grading system proposed in this study was a simple and easy-to-use prognosis prediction index for patients with liver metastasis from gastric cancer.
A disease severity scale for the evaluation of vaccine and other preventive or therapeutic interventions for travellers’ diarrhoea
Authors: Maier Nicole , Riddle Mark S , Gutiérrez Ramiro , Fraser Jamie A , Connor Patrick , Tribble David R , Porter Chad K
Published: September 2021

Background

Travellers’ diarrhoea (TD) is the most common travel-related illness with an estimated 10 million people afflicted annually. Outcome measures to assess the efficacy of primary and secondary TD interventions were historically based on diarrhoea frequency with ≥1 associated gastrointestinal symptom. Furthermore, efficacy determination is often made on the presence or absence of TD, rather than on TD illness severity. Current severity classifications are based on subjective consideration of impact of illness on activity. We sought to develop a standardized scoring system to characterize TD severity to potentially apply as a secondary outcome in future field studies.

Methods

Data on multiple signs and symptoms were obtained from a previously published multisite TD treatment trial conducted by the US Department of Defense (TrEAT TD). Correlation, regression and multiple correspondence analyses were performed to assess impact on activity and a TD severity score was established.

Results

Numerous signs and symptoms were associated with impaired function, with malaise and nausea most strongly associated [odds ratio (OR) 5.9–44.3, P < 0.0001 and OR 2.8–37.1, P < 0.0001, respectively). Based on co-varying symptomatology, a TD severity score accounting for diarrhoea frequency in addition to several signs and symptoms was a better predictor of negative impact on function than any single sign/symptom (X2 = 127.16, P < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the mean TD severity score between those with acute watery diarrhoea (3.9 ± 1.9) and those with dysentery or acute febrile illness (6.2 ± 2.0).

Conclusions

The newly developed disease severity score better predicted a negative impact on activity due to TD than did any single sign or symptom. Incorporating multiple parameters into the TD severity score better captures illness severity and moves the field towards current recommendations for TD management by considering symptoms with high functional impact. Further validation of this score is needed in non-military travellers and other settings.
Human gnathostomiasis in Sri Lanka: an underreported disease?
Authors: Musumeci Stefano , Besson Juliette , Allgöwer Andrea , Chappuis François
Published: September 2021

A healthy young man from Sri Lanka, currently living in Switzerland, consulted at the University Hospital of Geneva with a history of painful erythema and swelling of the left forearm. Laboratory tests showed a slight eosinophilia. Western blot serology for Gnathostoma spp, inconclusive at presentation, became positive 2 weeks later.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Authors: Schneider Sophie C. , Jassi Amita , Peile Lauren , Ordaz D. Luis , Storch Eric A.
Published: September 2021

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), which affects approximately 1.9% of adults and 1.7% to 2.2% of adolescents, is characterized by a belief that some aspect of one’s appearance is unattractive, abnormal, or deformed, despite these flaws being unobservable or appearing minimal to others. These appearance preoccupations are intrusive, distressing, and time-consuming, and are chronic without adequate treatment. This chapter discusses the nature of BDD across the lifespan, including muscle dysmorphia. Beyond a discussion of symptom presentation and associated assessment, information about cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments is presented. The chapter concludes with a discussion about future research and clinical directions.
Hair-Pulling Disorder
Authors: Kelley Kara N. , Dattolico Devin , Strang Caroline , Falkenstein Martha J.
Published: September 2021

Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterized by the recurrent pulling of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss and significant distress or impairment. Traditional treatment has several limitations that may lead to non-response or relapse. Recent advances that aim to improve treatment include addressing the individual’s pulling patterns, negative or uncomfortable inner experiences that instigate and maintain pulling, or contextual variables that impact pulling. This chapter discusses theoretical models of TTM and developments in behavioral and pharmacological treatments. Habit reversal training (alone and enhanced with dialectical behavior therapy or acceptance and commitment therapy), the comprehensive behavioral model, and web-based treatment are evaluated. Pharmaceutical treatment options, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antipsychotics, naltrexone, and N-acetylcysteine, are discussed as methods of augmenting behavioral treatment. While considerable advancement has been made in recent years acknowledging the broad range of clinical features associated with TTM, future research must employ rigorous methods to investigate the outcomes of behavioral and pharmacological interventions across the complex patterns among hair pullers.
Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Authors: Guzick Andrew G. , Schneider Sophie C. , Storch Eric A.
Published: September 2021

Although once considered rare, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is now recognized as a common and impairing childhood psychological disorder, with approximately 2% to 3% of children and adolescents estimated to have OCD. Although less is known about other obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs), research suggests that they are similarly prevalent and highly impairing during childhood. The core assessment and treatment approaches for children and adolescents with OCRDs are similar to those for adults, though there are developmental and contextual factors unique to this group that should be considered. This chapter reviews these factors and describes their implications for assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment. It begins with a description of different common OCRDs in childhood, followed by a discussion of developmentally typical versus clinically significant repetitive thoughts and behaviors. Next, developmental and contextual features that are relevant in childhood OCRDs are reviewed. The chapter concludes with an overview of evidence-based assessment, cognitive-behavioral case conceptualization, and treatment of OCRDs during childhood and adolescence.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tic Disorder/Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Shaw Ashley M. , Halliday Elizabeth R.
Published: September 2021

The Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-C/A) have clinical relevance for youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome, particularly when comorbid anxiety and depression are present. Within this population, the UP-C/A can be applied either as standalone interventions or in conjunction with exposure and response prevention or habit reversal techniques. However, their efficacy and utility in these populations have never been examined in a randomized controlled trial. This chapter outlines recommendations for how to apply the UP-C/A to youth with OCD and related disorders. For example, applying module content in a flexible order is recommended, such as generating a list of emotional behaviors early in treatment, and checking in about opposite actions throughout treatment. Introducing nonjudgmental awareness and exposures early in treatment is also recommended.
Pediatric Irritability and Disruptive Behaviors
Authors: Hawks Jessica Lyn , Kennedy Sarah M. , Benjamin Jacob , Holzman Westrick
Published: September 2021

This chapter describes adaptations made to the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Children (UP-C) when treating youth with chronic irritability and/or disruptive behaviors. Despite increased recognition of the clinical importance of pediatric irritability as a transdiagnostic symptom dimension, there is a lack of evidence-based treatments for this population that simultaneously and equitably address both child and contextual (e.g., parental) factors implicated in the development and maintenance of emotional and behavioral difficulties. In this chapter, the authors summarize current treatments available for this patient population, highlighting the advantages of using the UP-C, as it supports the parent–child dyad in addressing coercive interpersonal processes through use of opposite action strategies. A detailed description of how to adapt the UP-C for irritability is provided, including guidance on effective use of frustration exposures to develop mastery of treatment strategies. The chapter concludes with a case example to further illustrate this treatment approach.