bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сложный изгиб и начальное разрушение гибридных деревянных брусьев
Authors: Немировский Юрий Владимирович , Nemirovskii Yurii Vladimirovich , Болтаев Артем Иванович , Boltaev Artem Ivanovich
Published: March 2018

Разработана математическая модель деформирования гибридных деревянных брусьев. Под гибридными понимаются брусья, образованные путем жесткого соединения (склеивания) по определенным контактным поверхностям набора слоев различных форм поперечных сечений и разных пород древесины. В общем случае брусья находятся в условиях сложного изгиба с растяжением-сжатием. Учитывается физическая нелинейность древесины, а также разное сопротивление растяжению и сжатию.
В общем случае задача сводится либо к решению системы трех нелинейных алгебраических уравнений третьей степени относительно обобщенных деформаций поперечного сечения либо к системе трех нелинейных обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений относительно компонент вектора перемещения точек оси стержня. Для решения полученных алгебраических уравнений используется метод Ньютона, решение дифференциальных уравнений производится с помощью метода галеркинского типа.
Предложена аналитическая аппроксимация опытных диаграмм растяжения-сжатия древесины вдоль волокон в виде многочленов второй и третьей степени. Коэффициенты аппроксимирующих функций определяются двумя способами: с помощью метода наименьших квадратов, используя опытные диаграммы деформирования; с помощью наложения определенных требований на диаграммы, используя основные механические характеристики древесины (максимальные напряжения и деформации, модули упругости). Даны численные значения коэффициентов аппроксимации для 15-ти различных пород древесины.
Приведенные примеры расчетов гибридных деревянных брусьев показали возможность возникновения скрытых механизмов разрушения (когда предельные деформации достигаются во внутренних слоях стержня).
Установлено существенное влияние перестановки материалов слоев на напряженно-деформированное состояние конструкции.
Разработанный в статье метод расчета гибридных стержневых деревянных конструкций открывает большие возможности для решения задач оптимизации при проектировании и позволяет рациональным способом использовать различные породы древесины.
Динамическая устойчивость нагретых геометрически нерегулярных пластин на основе модели Рейснера
Authors: Мыльцина Ольга Анатольевна , Myltcina Olga Anatol'evna , Полиенко Асель Валерьевна , Polienko Acel , Белосточный Григорий Николаевич , Belostochnyi Grigorii Nikolaevich
Published: March 2018

На основе континуальной модели геометрически нерегулярной пластинки в рамках модели типа Рейснера решается задача динамической устойчивости нагретой ребристой пластинки под действием периодических по временной координате тангенциальных усилий. Тангенциальные усилия в уравнениях динамической устойчивости нагретой пластины конкретизируются на основании решения неоднородной краевой задачи безмоментной термоупругости в перемещениях. Система сингулярных уравнений динамической устойчивости записана в функции прогиба и дополнительных функциях, характеризующих закон изменения касательных напряжений в вертикальных плоскостях по переменным $x$ и $y$. Решение сводится к уравнению Матье, параметры которого представлены в терминах классической теории пластин и содержат поправки от температуры, поперечных сдвигов и подкрепляющих ребер. Определяются первые три области динамической устойчивости термоупругой системы. Проводится количественный анализ влияния температуры, деформации сдвига в вертикальных плоскостях и относительной высоты ребер на конфигурацию областей динамической устойчивости.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome and mechanical ventilation strategies
Akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu ve mekanik ventilasyon stratejileri
Authors: Temel Aksu Neriman , Erdoğan Abdullah
Published: March 2018

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the greatest cause of acute respiratory failure. Progression of the syndrome causes short and long term complications such as increase in mortality rate, physical and cognitive impairment. Therefore, It is very important to recognize this syndrome earlier and start therapeutic applications. Despite the fact that pathophysiology is largely known, a well-accepted and definitive method of treatment is still undefined. The positive results of low tidal volume ventilation have been proven. In this article; current concepts for Acute respiratory distress syndrome are defined. In particular, new definitions of Acute respiratory distress syndrome, risk factors and recent validated ventilation strategies have been discussed.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAkut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu akut solunum bozukluğunun en büyük nedenidir. Sendromun ilerlemesi mortalite hızında artışa,  fiziksel ve kognitif bozukluk gibi kısa ve uzun dönem komplikasyonlara neden olmaktadır. Buyüzden bu sendromun erken tanınması ve tedavi edici uygulamalara başvurmak oldukça önemlidir. Patofizyoloji büyük oranda bilinmesine rağmen kabul görmüş kesin bir tedavi yöntemi hala tanımlanamamıştır. Düşük tidal volüm ventilasyon uygulamasının olumlu sonuçları kanıtlanmıştır. Bu derlemede; Akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu için yapılan güncel kavramlar tanımlanmıştır. Özellikle Akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromunun yeni tanımları, risk faktörleri ve son geçerli kabul görmüş ventilasyon uygulamaları tartışılmıştır.
ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN BERGANDA DENGAN PEUBAH BEBAS CAMPURAN KATEGORIK DAN KONTINU PADA KLASIFIKASI INDEKS PRESTASI KUMULATIF MAHASISWA
Authors: Walidaini Nur , Mukid Moch. Abdul , Prahutama Alan , Rusgiyono Agus
Published: March 2018

Multiple discriminant analysis is one of the discriminant analysis techniques where the dependent variable  are grouped into more than two groups. This paper discussed how to categorize Grade Point Average (GPA) of undergraduate student of Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Diponegoro University based on categorical and continuous independent variable including gender, internet usage, time per week for learning, average score in national examination, amount of pocket money per month and the way to enter to Diponegoro University. The GPA grouping refers to the Academic Regulations of Diponegoro University i.e. satisfactory GPA (2,00 to 2,75), very satisfactory (2,76 to 3,50) and with honors (cum laude) (3,51 to 4,00). By using the multiple discriminant analysis with mixture variables, the accuration of classification based on training and testing data reach to 71,875% and 41,667% respectively.
The Impact of Brexit on EU27 on Trade, Investments and Financial Services
Authors: Rehman Scheherazade S. , Della Posta Pompeo
Published: March 2018

On June 23, 2016, the UK decided to leave the European Union (EU), commonly known as “Brexit”. The UK has two years to conclude their new arrangement with the EU27 after evoking Article 50 Treaty of Lisbon officially, which it did on March 27, 2017. While there is a range of possible trade agreements most are unlikely as they would either imply repudiating firm EU legal principles or strong promises that the current UK government is committed to maintain. The article discusses these options. Moreover, the article focuses on the trade and investment flows between the UK and EU27 and discusses the possible short-term implications of Brexit with a specific attention to the most impacted sector, that of financial services.
A fluorescent pH probe for an aqueous solution composed of 7-hydroxycoumarin, Schiff base and phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole moieties (PICO)
Authors: Li Shaoxin , Kan Wei , Zhao Bing , Liu Ting , Fang Yue , Bai Liming , Wang Liyan
Published: March 2018

The pH fluorescent probe 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(((2-(1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)imino)methyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (PICO) contains a donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) conjugated system. The ‘off−on’ probe PICO has a pKa value of 8.01 and its fluorescence intensity is enhanced with increasing pH.
Synthesis of novel push-pull fluorescent dyes – 7-(diethylamino)furo[3,2-c]coumarin and 7-(diethylamino)thieno[3,2-c]coumarin derivatives
Authors: Akchurin Igor O. , Yakhutina Anna I. , Bochkov Andrei Y. , Solovjova Natalya P. , Traven Valerii F.
Published: March 2018

Novel push-pull fluorescent dyes, 7-(diethylamino)furo[3,2-c]coumarin and 7-(diethylamino)thieno[3,2-c]coumarin derivatives, were designed and synthesized using formyl derivatives of furo- and thieno[3,2-c]coumarins as key intermediates. Electron absorption and emission spectra of the dyes were recorded in different solvents. The longest-wave bands in the electron absorption spectra of the dyes are suggested to be of push-pull nature.
Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (polyDADMAC) assisted cellulase pretreatment for microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) preparation and MFC analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhengjian , Zhang Qilian , Chen Yunzhi , Li Zhihong
Published: March 2018

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) preparation was investigated by means of cellulase pretreatment aided by poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (polyDADMAC) as an additive. The effect of polyDADMAC on the adsorption of cellulase onto the cellulose fibers, and the properties of MFC and MFC films are described. The additive improved the adsorption of cellulase onto cellulose fibers. Compared to the control, at an addition level of polyDADMAC of 0.789 ml g−1, the crystallinity, aspect ratio, the specific surface area of MFC and, the elongation at break and tensile strength of MFC films are increased, while the oxygen permeability coefficient of the MFC films is decreased. The optimal conditions for preparation of MFC by cellulase pretreatment were: pulp consistency 10%, cellulase dosage 10 µ g−1, pretreatment time 16 h and 0.789 ml g−1polyDADMAC. In summary, polyDADMAC-assisted cellulase pretreatment enhances the efficiency of the cellulase pretreatment of cellulose fibers and improves the performance of MFC and the MFC films.
Muḥammad the Paraclete and ʿAlī the Messiah: New Remarks on the Origins of Islam and of Shiʿite Imamology
Authors: Amir-Moezzi Mohammad-Ali
Published: March 2018

For all those interested in the religious history of the Near and Middle East during Late Antiquity, the advent of Muḥammad in Arabia and the beginnings of Islam are exciting fields of research. The present study tries to put these subjects into perspective within the broad historical and spiritual context of the 6th and 7th centuries. It is based on a sort of syllogism: Muḥammad and his message belong to Jewish, Christian or Judeo-Christian monotheisms (as attested by the Qurʾān and the Ḥadīth); Muḥammad’s first messages seem to announce the imminent end of the world (as is evident from many Quranic passages and several very early ḥadīths); so Muḥammad cannot but announce the coming of the Messiah as the Savior of the End of the world. On this last point, the Qurʾān remains curiously silent, but according to a large number of ancient ḥadiths, Muḥammad actually announces the imminent coming of the Messiah and the latter is none other than Jesus. At the same time, for some followers of Muḥammad, ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib seems to have been the second Jesus, Christ and Messiah of the apocalyptic times. After the death of Muḥammad and ʿAlī, the non-advent of the end of the world, the ridda wars, the Arab conquests and the establishment of the empire, events evolved into different directions than expected at the beginning.
Dalāʾil al-Nubuwwa Literature as Part of the Medieval Scholarly Discourse on Prophecy
Authors: Koertner Mareike
Published: March 2018

Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī (d. 430/1038) and Abū Bakr Aḥmad al-Bayhaqī (d. 458/1066) are mostly considered early representatives of Dalāʾil al-Nubuwwa literature. As a consequence the genre itself has often been viewed as a subgenre of sīra literature, which bears stylistic, structural and methodological implications, and affects its reputation as popular hagiographic rather than scholarly literature. These implications may be partially valid for Dalāʾil al-Nubuwwa works in the time period of Abū Nuʿaym and al-Bayhaqī but not for earlier works that have not been systematically studied so far. In this article, I examine early authorship in Dalāʾil al-Nubūwa literature by identifying numerous works that significantly predate Abū Nuʿaym and al-Bayhaqī. I argue that this literature constituted a continuous tradition from the mid-2nd/8th century onward and that it originated in circles of well-respected ḥadīth scholars who upheld their field’s methodological processes of authentication. Around the second half of the 4th/10th century, authorship shifted toward less acclaimed scholars of ḥadīth or other intellectual fields. Along with this shift came stylistic, structural and methodological changes that have led to the common classification of these works as a subgenre of sīra literature.
Visual Mismatch and Predictive Coding: A Computational Single-Trial ERP Study
Authors: Stefanics Gabor , Heinzle Jakob , Horváth András Attila , Stephan Klaas Enno
Published: March 2018

Predictive coding (PC) posits that the brain uses a generative model to infer the environmental causes of its sensory data and uses precision-weighted prediction errors (pwPEs) to continuously update this model. While supported by much circumstantial evidence, experimental tests grounded in formal trial-by-trial predictions are rare. One partial exception is event-related potential (ERP) studies of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN), where computational models have found signatures of pwPEs and related model-updating processes. Here, we tested this hypothesis in the visual domain, examining possible links between visual mismatch responses and pwPEs. We used a novel visual “roving standard” paradigm to elicit mismatch responses in humans (of both sexes) by unexpected changes in either color or emotional expression of faces. Using a hierarchical Bayesian model, we simulated pwPE trajectories of a Bayes-optimal observer and used these to conduct a comprehensive trial-by-trial analysis across the time × sensor space. We found significant modulation of brain activity by both color and emotion pwPEs. The scalp distribution and timing of these single-trial pwPE responses were in agreement with visual mismatch responses obtained by traditional averaging and subtraction (deviant-minus-standard) approaches. Finally, we compared the Bayesian model to a more classical change model of MMN. Model comparison revealed that trial-wise pwPEs explained the observed mismatch responses better than categorical change detection. Our results suggest that visual mismatch responses reflect trial-wise pwPEs, as postulated by PC. These findings go beyond classical ERP analyses of visual mismatch and illustrate the utility of computational analyses for studying automatic perceptual processes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman perception is thought to rely on a predictive model of the environment that is updated via precision-weighted prediction errors (pwPEs) when events violate expectations. This “predictive coding” view is supported by studies of the auditory mismatch negativity brain potential. However, it is less well known whether visual perception of mismatch relies on similar processes. Here we combined computational modeling and electroencephalography to test whether visual mismatch responses reflected trial-by-trial pwPEs. Applying a Bayesian model to series of face stimuli that violated expectations about color or emotional expression, we found significant modulation of brain activity by both color and emotion pwPEs. A categorical change detection model performed less convincingly. Our findings support the predictive coding interpretation of visual mismatch responses.
HIPK2-Mediated Transcriptional Control of NMDA Receptor Subunit Expression Regulates Neuronal Survival and Cell Death
Authors: Shang Yulei , Zhang Jiasheng , Huang Eric J.
Published: March 2018

NMDA receptors are critical for neuronal communication. Dysfunction in NMDA receptors has been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. While it is well recognized that the composition of NMDA receptors undergoes a GluN2B-to-GluN2A switch in early postnatal life, the mechanism regulating this switch remains unclear. Using transcriptomic and functional analyses in brain tissues from male and femaleHipk2+/+andHipk2−/−mice, we showed that the HIPK2-JNK–c-Jun pathway is important in suppressing the transcription ofGrin2aandGrin2c, which encodes the GluN2A and GluN2C subunits of the NMDA receptors, respectively. Loss of HIPK2 leads to a significant decrease in JNK–c-Jun signaling, which in turn derepresses the transcription ofGrin2aandGrin2cmRNA and upregulates GluN2A and GluN2C protein levels. These changes result in a significant increase of GluN2A/GluN2B ratio in synapse and mitochondria, a persistent activation of the ERK-CREB pathway and the upregulation of synaptic activity-regulated genes, which collectively contribute to the resistance ofHipk2−/−neurons to cell death induced by mitochondrial toxins.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe identify HIPK2-JNK–c-Jun signaling as a key mechanism that regulates the transcription of NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2Cin vivo. Our results provide insights into a previously unrecognized molecular mechanism that control the switch of NMDA receptor subunits in early postnatal brain development. Furthermore, we provide evidence that changes in the ratio of NMDA subunits GluN2A/GluN2B can also be detected in the synapse and mitochondria, which contributes to a persistent activation of the prosurvival ERK-CREB pathway and its downstream target genes. Collectively, these changes protect HIPK2 deficient neurons from mitochondrial toxins.
Abstract Keyword Searching with Knuth Morris Pratt Algorithm
Authors: Ependi Usman , Oktaviani Nia
Published: March 2018

This research was conducted to answer the problems of researchers for finding publication or papers that suitable with their topics. In this research was developed software for searching abstract keyword using Knuth Morris Pratt algorithm to answer the problems of researchers. Waterfall model used to develop abstract keywords searching software as tools development that has five phases, namely communication, planning, modeling, construction and deployment. The software was developed can display search results effectively and efficiently according to the enter search keywords, it can see while search results are shown is in case sensitive. The software is also tested; the testing process is conducted by functional observation with black box testing approach, Observation results while testing is conducted show the software running suitable with expected or 100% same with entered keyword, so worthy to be used as one of the tools of researchers searching articles.
Height outcome of the recombinant human growth hormone treatment in Turner syndrome: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Ping , Cheng Fei , Xiu Lei
Published: March 2018

Objective

This study sought to determine the effect of the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment of Turner syndrome (TS) on height outcome.

Methods

We searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. A literature search identified 640 records. After screening and full-text assessment, 11 records were included in the systematic review. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. We also assessed the quality of evidence with the GRADE system.

Results

Compared with controls, rhGH therapy led to increased final height (MD = 7.22 cm, 95% CI 5.27–9.18, P < 0.001, I2 = 4%; P = 0.18), height standard deviation (HtSDS) (SMD = 1.22, 95% CI 0.88–1.56, P < 0.001, I2 = 49%; P = 0.14) and height velocity (HV) (MD 2.68 cm/year; 95% CI 2.34, 3.02; P < 0.001, I2 = 0%; P = 0.72). There was a small increase in bone age (SMD 0.32 years; 95% CI 0.1, 0.54; P = 0.004, I2 = 73%; P = 0.02) after rhGH therapy for 12 months. What is more, the rhGH/oxandrolone combination therapy suggested greater final height (MD 2.46 cm; 95% CI 0.73, 4.18; P = 0.005, I2 = 32%; P = 0.22), increase and faster HV (SMD 1.67 cm/year; 95% CI 1.03, 2.31; P < 0.03, I2 = 80%; P < 0.001), with no significant increase in HtSDS and bone maturation compared with rhGH therapy alone.

Conclusions

For TS patients, rhGH alone or with concomitant use of oxandrolone treatment had advantages on final height.
Siglec expression on the surface of human, bull and ram sperm
Authors: Alkhodair K , Almhanna H , McGetrick J , Gedair S , Gallagher M E , Fernandez-Fuertes B , Tharmalingam T , Larsen P B , Fitzpatrick E , Lonergan P , Evans A C O , Carrington S D , Reid C J
Published: March 2018

Sialic acid (Sia) is a major constituent of both the sperm glycocalyx and female reproductive mucosal surface and is involved in regulating sperm migration, uterotubal reservoir formation and oocyte binding. Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin – like lectins) commonly found on immune cells, bind to Sia in a linkage- and sugar-specific manner and often mediate cell-to-cell interactions and signalling. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of human and bovine sperm have listed Siglecs, but to date, their presence and/or localisation on sperm has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise the presence of Siglecs on the surface of bovine, human and ovine sperm using both immunostaining and Western blotting. Siglec 1, 2, 5, 6, 10 and 14 were identified and displayed both species- and regional-specific expression on sperm. Almost universal expression across Siglecs and species was evident in the sperm neck and midpiece region while variable expression among Siglecs, similar among species, was detected in the head and tail regions of the sperm. The possible role for these proteins on sperm is discussed.
Motor Impairment Trends in Extremely Preterm Children: 1991–2005
Authors: Spittle Alicia J. , Cameron Kate , Doyle Lex W. , Cheong Jeanie L. ,   for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:

There are increasing numbers of surviving children who were born extremely preterm (EP; gestational age <28 weeks) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW; birth weight <1000 g). Our objective in this study was to compare the rates of motor impairment at 8 years of age between 3 cohorts of EP and/or ELBW and term-born children to establish if motor impairment rates are changing over time.

METHODS:

All children born EP and/or ELBW in the calendar years of 1991–1992, 1997, and 2005 in Victoria, Australia, were recruited at birth. Randomly selected normal birth weight (>2499 g) and term-born controls were matched for expected date of birth, sex, and sociodemographic status. At 8 years’ corrected age, motor impairment was defined as cerebral palsy (CP) or a score less than the fifth centile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children for the 1991–1992 and 1997 cohorts and less than or equal to the fifth centile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition for the 2005 cohort.

RESULTS:

Motor impairment was more likely in children born EP and/or ELBW compared with children born at term for all epochs. There was a significant increase in motor impairment in EP and/or ELBW children over the 3 eras, from 23% in 1991–1992 and 26% in 1997 to 37% in 2005 (χ2trend = 10.2; P = .001). This was due to an increase in non-CP motor impairment (13% in 1991 to 1992; 15% in 1997; 26% in 2005; χ2trend = 12.5; P < .001), not CP (11% in 1991 to 1992; 11% in 1997; 12% in 2005).

CONCLUSIONS:

The rate of motor impairment in EP and/or ELBW children assessed at 8 years of age increased between eras, an increase caused by non-CP motor impairment.
Legal Considerations in Sign Code Development
Authors: Weinstein Alan
Published: March 2018

Legal considerations have always played a critical role in the development of a sign code, but that role has taken on renewed importance in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court's recent ruling in Reed v. Town of Gilbert, Ariz., 135 S.Ct. 2218 (2015).  A detailed analysis of Reed is obviously beyond the scope of this paper. For our purposes, it is sufficient to note that the Reed Court announced a far more stringent test to determine whether a sign code's provisions are "content-neutral" or "content-based." In short, the Court ruled that any sign code provision that "on its face" considers the message on a sign to determine how it will be regulated is content-based. The practical effect of finding that a sign code provision is content-based is to heighten the judicial scrutiny of such a provision if challenged. A provision that is content-neutral is subjected only to intermediate judicial scrutiny: the provision will be upheld if government can demonstrate that the regulation serves a substantial governmental interest and is narrowly-tailored to achieve that interest. In contrast, a provision that is content-based is subjected to strict judicial scrutiny: the provision will be upheld only if government can demonstrate that the regulation serves a compelling governmental interest and is the least restrictive alternative to achieve that interest.
Residual compressive strength of hardened OPC/CAC paste after fire exposure
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xu Shilang , Zeng Qiang
Published: March 2018

Cementitious fire-retardant coatings are widely used for fire protection of structures. Recently, blended pastes of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and calcium aluminate cement (CAC) have started to be used as binders in cementitious fire-retardant coatings, but the fire resistance and chemical composition of various OPC/CAC pastes are still not clear. The residual compressive strengths of binary cement pastes with various OPC/CAC ratios after fire exposure were studied in this work. The mineral composition and microstructure of the pastes were characterised by X-ray diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry, respectively. It was found that the paste with an OPC/CAC ratio of 60/40 was the most fire-resistant.
Bulanık Bozulma ve Öğrenme Etkileri Altında Tek Makine Erken/Geç Tamamlanma Probleminin Bulanık Şans Kısıtlı Programlama Tekniği ile İncelenmesi
Authors: Arık Oğuzhan Ahmet , Toksarı Mehmet Duran
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmada tek makine
ortamında bulanık bozulma ve öğrenme etkileri altında ağırlıklı erken/geç
tamamlanma maliyetlerinin en aza indirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Probleme konu
olan teslim tarihleri, işlem süreleri, öğrenme etkisi katsayıları ve bozulma
etkisi katsayıları belirsizlik altındadır ve belirsizliği modelleyebilmek için
üçgen bulanık sayılardan faydalanılmıştır. Belirsizlik parametrelere ait
değerlerin rassal olarak ifade edilmesi değildir; iyi bilinmeyen, kesin olarak
ifade edilemeyen değerlerin kapalı bir aralık içerisinde tanımlanmasıdır. Öyle
ki, daha önce yapılmamış bir işe ait işlem süresinin ne kadar olacağının
belirlenmesi bulanık sayılardan faydalanılarak, gerçekleşmesi beklenen işlem
süresinin karar verici için uygunluğu modellenebilir. Böylelikle,
parametrelerdeki belirsizlik belirgin bir hale getirilerek modellenebilir.
Öğrenme etkisi bir işin sürekli olarak yapılan tekrarları neticesinde, iş yapan
birimin işi her seferde kazandığı tecrübe ile daha kısa sürede yapmasını ifade
etmektedir. Yapılan iş tekrarı artıkça işlem iş tekrarlarındaki işlem süresi
giderek azalacaktır. Bozulma etkisi ise iş parçasının işlem için kuyrukta
beklerken veya işlenirken, çevre koşulları ya da sistem karakteristikleri
gereği işlem süresinin giderek artmasıdır. Bu çalışmada işlem süreleri, teslim
tarihleri, bozulma etkisi ve öğrenme etkisi bulanık sayılar ile ifade
edilmiştir. Bulanık sayılar ile ifade edilen bir parametreye ait bir değerin
gerçekleşme olayının şans değeri ise güvenilirlik fonksiyonu ile kurgulanmış ve
güvenirlik temelli şans kısıtlı algoritma tekniği ile model oluşturulmuştur.
Son olarak tam sayılı bulanık doğrusal olmayan matematiksel model sunulmuş ve
örnek veri seti ile problem çözülmüştür.
Ni, Ni-B ve Ni-B/hBN kaplamaların elektrodepolanmasında banyo bileşenlerinin kaplama özelliklerine etkisinin incelenmesi
Authors: ÜNAL Ersin , KARAHAN İsmail Hakkı
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmada, saf nikel, Ni-B alaşım ve Ni-B/hBN kompozit kaplamalar elektrodepolama yoluyla üretilmiştir. Bu kaplamaları elde etmek için banyoya eklenen bileşenlerin miktarları sabit tutulmuş ve her birinin ayrı ayrı kaplama üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Üretilen kaplamaların kristal yapıları XRD ile, yüzey morfolojileri ve kimyasal içerik analizleri SEM ve EDS ile, elektrokimyasal davranışları ise dönüşümlü voltametri (CV) ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca kaplamaların korozyon dayanımları % 3.5 NaCl içeren çözelti içerisinde açık devre potansiyeli ve Tafel ekstrapolasyon metotlarıyla belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre ince taneli, düzgün yüzeyli ve kompakt kaplamalar üretilmiştir. Banyoya eklenen bileşenler kristal yapıyı, korozyon dayanımını ve diğer özellikleri ciddi derecede etkilemektedir.
Inconel 718 Süper Alaşımın Plazma Kaynak Yöntemi ile Birleştirilmesinde Akım Şiddetinin Etkisi
Authors: Katı Nida , Bölükbaşı Mustafa , Ozan Sermin
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmada Havacılık ve
Nükleer enerji sektöründe sıklıkla kullanılmakta olan Nikel bazlı Inconel 718
süper alaşımı plazma Kaynağı ile birleştirilmiştir ve birleştirme işleminde
130-140-160-180 ve 200 A olmak üzere beş farklı akım kullanılarak akım
şiddetinin kaynaklı birleştirme üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Yapılan kaynak
işleminde ilerleme hızı 0.1 m/dk ve  gaz
debisi ise 0.5 lt/dk. olarak sabit tutulmuş olup, kaynak işlemi numunelerin
sadece tek yüzeyine uygulanmıştır. Kaynak işlemi sonrasında numunelere çekme
testi uygulanmış ve mikrosertlik ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda
numunelerin birleşme noktalarında akım şiddetinin artması ile birlikte
nüfuziyetin ve çekme mukavemetinin arttığı sertlik değerlerinin ise akım
şiddetinden etkilenmediği gözlemlenmiştir.
GIS Based Bus Stop Optimisation For Sakarya Public Transportation System
Authors: Aslan Hakan , Kocaman Hakan
Published: March 2018

In today's
world, the needs for transportation have increased and the existing solutions
have become insufficient in response to the demand especially with the increase
of urban life and the widespread urbanisation. For this reason, local authorities aim to
improve urban public transportation services, one of the effective in-city
transportation solutions, in order to solve the current needs of transport and
reduce or regulate the current traffic intensity.

In this study, geographical
information system (GIS) was used to analyse the relationship between the bus
routes and related stops being offered by Sakarya Metropolitan Municipality
(SBB) public transportation service along with the population living in the
region to evaluate the level of available current service to the population in
each region. An alternative optimisation for the locations of bus stops was
presented through a proposed model by comparing the results obtained from the
existing positions.
Evaluating ‘homegrown’ research networks in Africa
Authors: Adelle Camilla , Elema Nico , Chakauy Ereck , Benson David
Published: March 2018

Attempts to improve the policy environment have led to a growing pressure on governments in Africa to embark on policymaking that is more evidence based and considers a wide spectrum of scientific and indigenous knowledge. Local – or ‘homegrown’ – research networks on the continent can help strengthen the role of scientific knowledge in policymaking by increasing the capacity of researchers and by enhancing the visibility and communication of the research produced. While a large number of regional and sub-regional research networks have sprung up in Africa, the mere existence of networks does not guarantee their success. In reality, the impact of research networks on the science–policy interface depends on how well the networks operate in practice. We present a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of research networks in a way that is comparable across networks. The evaluation framework was used to evaluate two sub-regional research networks: the NEPAD Southern African Networks of Water Centres of Excellence (SANWACTE) and the NEPAD Southern African Network for Biosciences (SANBio). The evaluation revealed some shared constraints limiting the effectiveness of both networks, including uneven regional representation, asymmetry between network members, and difficulties in securing sufficient, diverse and sustainable resources. Further research into network design and funding models is suggested in order to enhance the role of these networks in providing locally appropriate knowledge for policymaking on the continent.  
Significance:

While a large number of research networks have sprung up in Africa, the mere existence of networks does not guarantee success.
Uneven regional representation, power asymmetries, and limited funding constrain the effectiveness of research networks.
Impact of a biomedical research project on the human capital development of emerging researchers
Authors: Moyo Christabelle S. , Francis Joseph , Bessong Pascal O.
Published: March 2018

Various evaluative studies have been carried out to obtain the views of multiple stakeholders involved in community-based biomedical research projects. However, rarely have the viewpoints of postgraduate students and junior faculty involved in such initiatives been explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the views of postgraduate students and junior faculty at a rural-based university on the effect of a longitudinal biomedical research project on their acquisition of relevant skills. In-depth interviews and a focus group discussion were conducted. The thematic content analysis technique was used to analyse the qualitative data. Both postgraduate student and junior faculty groups indicated that they had acquired considerable research skills and knowledge; gained experience; were exposed to practical reality; and strengthened their interpersonal skills and general personal development. However, some respondents highlighted that they still believed that training in data analysis and exposure to new laboratory techniques would have strengthened their individual capabilities to conduct cutting-edge research. The results of this study highlight the need for community-based biomedical researchers to equip members of their teams with the skills and knowledge that will help them achieve their academic and career goals.
Significance:

The importance of engaging study participants to get their views on the ‘hidden’ value of biomedical research projects has been identified.
The need for community-based researchers to equip members of their teams with relevant research skills and knowledge has been emphasised.
The results of this study can be useful in the planning and implementation of similar projects in the future.
role of the Square Kilometre Array in South Africa’s economic development strategy
Authors: Bhogal Nishana
Published: March 2018

This study was undertaken to understand factors inhibiting and enabling the impact of the Square Kilometre Array South Africa (SKA SA) on the South African knowledge economy. A critical review of relevant literature revealed four themes, which are considered to be the main pillars crucial for engendering a knowledge economy: institutions, interrelationships, innovation and individuals. These pillars form the basis for the 4I model developed in this paper, the relevance of which in stimulating a knowledge economy was investigated. This study revealed no additional pillars, thus validating the 4I model in relation to SKA SA’s contribution to the knowledge economy. SKA SA’s success is underpinned by open and inclusive institutions, fostering and leveraging interrelationships, promoting innovation that may be commercialised, and attracting, retaining and training suitable individuals. Furthermore, this study provides a deeper insight into the 4I model by revealing new sub-themes that apply in a broader context, including the role of a nation’s inherent competitive advantage in informing its competitive and innovation strategy, the nature of interrelationships that may be multidimensional, and politically astute leadership that is crucial for the ongoing support of a publicly funded project. This deeper understanding of the 4I model forms a basis for strengthening each pillar and its impact on the knowledge economy.
Significance: 

The 4I model, which is necessary for engendering a knowledge-based economy, is introduced.
The role of a nation’s inherent competitive advantage may inform its competitive and innovation strategy.
A nation’s institutions must be both inclusive and open for a knowledge-based economy to thrive.
Interrelationships may be multidimensional in nature, including multidisciplinary, international and cross-sector collaboration.
Politically astute leadership is crucial for the ongoing support of publicly funded projects.
Screening of the NIH Clinical Collection for inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase activity
Authors: Abrahams Shaakira , Mosebi Salerwe , Fish Muhammed Q. , Papathanasopoulos Maria A. , Hewer Raymond
Published: March 2018

Drug repurposing offers a validated approach to reduce drug attrition within the drug discovery and development pipeline through the application of known drugs and drug candidates to treat new indications. Full exploitation of this strategy necessitates the screening of a vast number of molecules against an extensive number of diseases of high burden or unmet need and the subsequent dissemination of the findings. In order to contribute to endeavours within this field, we screened the 727 compounds comprising the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Collection through an HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) integrase stand transfer inhibition assay on an automated scintillation proximity assay platform. Only two compounds were identified within the initial screen, with cefixime trihydrate and epigallocatechin gallate found to reduce integrase strand transfer activity at IC50 values of 6.03±1.29 ?M and 9.57±1.62 ?M, respectively. However, both cefixime trihydrate and epigallocatechin gallate retained their low micromolar inhibitory activity when tested against a raltegravir-resistant integrase double mutant (FCIC50 values of 0.83 and 0.06, respectively), were ineffective in an orthogonal strand transfer ELISA (<30% inhibition at 100 ?M) and produced negligible selectivity index values (<1) in vitro. While no useful inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer activity were found within the NIH Clinical Collection, the identification of two assay-disrupting molecules demonstrates the importance of consideration of non-specific inhibitors in drug repurposing screens.
Significance:

This study is the first to screen the US NIH Clinical Collection for potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.
The pervasive nature of promiscuous inhibitors is emphasised.
review of South Africa’s National Research Foundation’s ratings methodology from a social science perspective
Authors: Callaghan Chris
Published: March 2018

One of South Africa’s National Research Foundation’s (NRF) activities is to award ratings to academics who apply according to predefined categories. Explicitly or not, these ratings are part of submissions academics make for promotions and for employment in South African universities. As such, methodological assessment of the validity of this system is important. This paper seeks to conceptually evaluate certain characteristics of this system against certain general principles of reliability and validity. On the basis of the results of this evaluation, it is argued that assumptions that the NRF rating system is always valid or reliable as a differentiator of individual academics cannot be made unconditionally. Using Management Science as an example of a social science field that draws from multidisciplinary theoretical and methodological frameworks, this paper identifies certain validity issues associated with the current NRF rating system, and makes recommendations for improvements.

Significance:

Certain validity issues are highlighted and arguments are made to improve the methodology used by the NRF to rate researchers.

Issues related to multidisciplinarity and mode two knowledge production are considered.

Technological advances that have made it possible for scientific measurement of research productivity and impact are discussed.

Problems with subjective methodologies are identified, together with their ethical consequences.
Revisión teórica sobre el perfil cognitivo del perfeccionismo desadaptativo
Authors: Chemisquy Sonia
Published: March 2018

El perfeccionismo puede ser entendido como la tendencia a establecer estándares de desempeño elevados y hasta irracionales, a realizar una autoevaluación estricta y rígida, y a medir el valor personal en relación a los logros y/o fracasos. El modelo cognitivo propone la descripción de perfiles cognitivos en los que se incluyen algunos componentes principales como los esquemas, las creencias, las distorsiones cognitivas, los pensamientos automáticos y el afrontamiento. En este trabajo se procuró describir el perfil cognitivo de los perfeccionistas desadaptativos para lo que se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la bibliografía buscando evidencias empíricas de los componentes de ese perfil. Se hallaron evidencias sobre la presencia de esquemas principalmente referidos al dominio de desconexión/rechazo, creencias acerca de la necesidad perfección y la auto-valoración contingente, un sesgo interpretativo de perfección y otros como la atención selectiva y el pensamiento dicotómico, diversos pensamientos automáticos de tipo perfeccionista que se suelen asociar a pensamientos negativos más generales y que perseveran en forma de rumiaciones y autocrítica; y un estilo de afrontamiento enfocado en la emoción que no logra neutralizar las situaciones estresantes. Los lectores encontrar en este artículo información accesible y actualizada útil para identificar objetivos preventivos o de tratamiento.
DIAGNÓSTICO BIOCLIMÁTICO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE AVES DE CORTE EM DIFERENTES MUNICÍPIOS DO RS
Authors: Oliveira Zanandra Boff , Knies Alberto Eduardo
Published: March 2018

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o diagnóstico bioclimático para a produção de aves de corte em diferentes municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados de temperatura média compensada (TMC) e umidade relativa compensada (URC), referentes ao período compreendido entre 1961 e 1990, disponíveis no site do INMET, para os municípios de: Cachoeira do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Guaporé, Lagoa Vermelha, Passo Fundo, Santana do Livramento, São Gabriel e Uruguaiana. Os valores do Índice de Umidade e Temperatura (ITU) para avicultura de corte foram calculados através da equação proposta por Bunffington et al. (1982). Os resultados demonstram que nas três primeiras semanas de vida dos animais, prevalece o ITU inferior ao de conforto, já a partir da terceira semana, prevalece o ITU superior ao de conforto. Na média dos municípios, o ITU fica na faixa de conforto durante quatro meses do ano para a criação de aves com uma, duas, três e seis semanas de vida e, cinco meses do ano para a criação de aves com quatro e cinco semanas de vida. Assim, o presente diagnóstico indica, para o RS, a necessidade de modificações no ambiente de criação, tanto de aquecimento quanto de resfriamento, para atender as das aves de corte em diferentes idades.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Índice de Temperatura e Umidade; Avicultura; Ambiência. BIOCLIMATIC DIAGNOSIS FOR BROILERS PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT RIO GRANDE DO SUL MUNICIPALITIESABSTRACT: This study aimed the bioclimatic diagnosis of broilers  production in different municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. For this  average temperature compensated  (TMC) and offset relative humidity (URC) INMET data  from 1961 to 1990 were used. from the following municipalities: Cachoeira do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Guapore, Lagoa Vermelha, Passo Fundo, Santana do Livramento, Sao Gabriel, and Uruguaiana. The values of Temperature and Humidity Index (ITU) for poultry production were calculated using the equation proposed by Bunffington (1977). The results demonstrate that in the first three weeks of life of the animals, the prevailing ITU lower than comfort, as from the third week, reigns ITU higher than comfort. The average of the municipalities, the ITU is the comfort range for four months of the year for rearing birds with one, two, three and six weeks of life, and five months for poultry with four and five weeks life. Thus, the present diagnostic indicates to the RS, the need for changes in the environment, either as heating cooling, to meet as the broilers of cut at different ages.KEYWORDS: Temperature and Humidity Index; Poultry farming; Ambience.
CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM DOS GRÃOS DE FEIJÃO CULTIVAR IPR TANGARÁ
Authors: Quequeto Wellytton Darci , Siqueira Valdiney Cambuy , Ferranti Lineu Franco , Schoeninger Vanderleia , Leite Rafael Araujo
Published: March 2018

O feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é um produto de grande importância na alimentação humana devido as suas excelentes propriedades nutricionais, sendo uma das mais tradicionais fontes de proteína consumida. No entanto, se os processos pós-colheita aplicados a esta cultura forem realizados de forma inadequada podem comprometer essas propriedades. Diante da importância da cultura e das consequências dos processos pós-colheita mal conduzidos na sua qualidade, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho descrever o comportamento da secagem dos grãos de feijão cultivar IPR Tangará, por meio do ajuste de diferentes modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais de secagem, determinar as propriedades termodinâmicas, bem como o coeficiente de difusão efetivo e a energia de ativação do processo. Os grãos de feijão foram coletados com teor de água inicial de aproximadamente 30% (b.u., base úmida), e submetidos à secagem nas temperaturas de 40, 45, 50, 55 e 60 ºC, em condições controladas.  Aos valores de razão de umidade dos grãos de feijão foram ajustados nove modelos matemáticos, utilizados para a representação do fenômeno de secagem de diversos produtos agrícolas. Os modelos de Page, Midilli, Dois Termos, Logarítmico, Thompson, Aproximação da Difusão, e Valcam são adequados para a representação da secagem dos grãos de feijão cultivar IPR Tangará. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo aumenta com a elevação da temperatura do ar de secagem. Os valores de entalpia e entropia específica são inversamente proporcionais à temperatura do ar de secagem, enquanto que a energia livre de Gibbs aumenta com a elevação da temperatura do ar.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРОЕНИЯ, МОРФОЛОГИИ И КИСЛОТНО-ОСНОВНЫХ СВОЙСТВ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ АЛЮМОСИЛИКАТА ХОТЫНЕЦКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Gribanov E. N. , Oskotskaya E. R. , Kuz’menko A. P.
Published: March 2018

В работе приведены результаты систематического изучения физико-химических и структурно-геометрических характеристик алюмосиликата Хотынецкого месторождения. Определен химический и фазовый состав минерала, исходя из данных энергодисперсионной рентгеновской спектроскопии, рентгеновской дифрактометрии и ИК-спектрометрии. Методами атомно-силовой и электронной микроскопии установлены характерные линейные размеры объектов рельефа поверхности, показаны особенности её морфологии. Найдены удельная площадь поверхности минерала и концентрация кислотно-основных центров. Полученные данные представляют интерес при дальнейшем изучении его сорбционных и каталитических свойств, получении новых функциональных материалов.
АНОДНОЕ ОКИСЛЕНИЕ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ИОННЫХ ФОРМ СЕРИНА НА Pt(Pt)-ЭЛЕКТРОДЕ
Authors: Kuleshova N. E. , Vvedenskii A. V. , Bobrinskaya E. V.
Published: March 2018

Методами циклической линейной вольтамперометрии, вращающегося дискового электрода и кулонометрии, а также ИК-спектроскопии изучено влияние рН среды на процессы анодного окисления серина на платинированном платиновом электроде. Определены области потенциалов  электрохимического превращения аминокислоты. Показано, что электроокисление серина происходит с участием 2 электронов в кислой и щелочной средах и 4 электронов –  при окислении цвиттериона.  Установлено, что вне зависимости от рН раствора анодное окисление серина осуществляется из адсорбированного состояния; предложена возможная кинетическая схема процесса.