bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistent homology‐based functional connectivity and its association with cognitive ability: Life‐span study
Authors: Ryu Hyunnam , Habeck Christian , Stern Yaakov , Lee Seonjoo
Published: April 2023

Brain‐segregation attributes in resting‐state functional networks have been widely investigated to understand cognition and cognitive aging using various approaches [e.g., average connectivity within/between networks and brain system segregation (BSS)]. While these approaches have assumed that resting‐state functional networks operate in a modular structure, a complementary perspective assumes that a core‐periphery or rich club structure accounts for brain functions where the hubs are tightly interconnected to each other to allow for integrated processing. In this article, we apply a novel method, persistent homology (PH), to develop an alternative to standard functional connectivity by quantifying the pattern of information during the integrated processing. We also investigate whether PH‐based functional connectivity explains cognitive performance and compare the amount of variability in explaining cognitive performance for three sets of independent variables: (1) PH‐based functional connectivity, (2) graph theory‐based measures, and (3) BSS. Resting‐state functional connectivity data were extracted from 279 healthy participants, and cognitive ability scores were generated in four domains (fluid reasoning, episodic memory, vocabulary, and processing speed). The results first highlight the pattern of brain‐information flow over whole brain regions (i.e., integrated processing) accounts for more variance of cognitive abilities than other methods. The results also show that fluid reasoning and vocabulary performance significantly decrease as the strength of the additional information flow on functional connectivity with the shortest path increases. While PH has been applied to functional connectivity analysis in recent studies, our results demonstrate potential utility of PH‐based functional connectivity in understanding cognitive function.
Dynamic brain responses to Russian word acquisition among Chinese adult learners: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Huang Yan , Jiang Caihong , Xu Yong , Rao Hengyi , Xu Hong
Published: April 2023

Human learners are capable to acquire foreign language vocabulary at an impressive speed even in adulthood. Previous studies have examined the neural mechanisms underlying rapid acquisition of Latin‐alphabet vocabulary and revealed dynamic changes in several event‐related potential (ERP) components during novel word learning. However, scant attention has been paid to the acquisition of Russian words. The present study used ERP and examined dynamic brain responses to rapid Russian word acquisition in 53 native Chinese speakers with no prior knowledge of Russian language. Behavioral data showed robust individual differences in Russian word acquisition, with most participants being able to rapidly learn a subset of novel Russian words in a few exposures. ERP results revealed significant learning effects in the P200, N400, and P600 amplitudes. Moreover, P600 amplitude changes predicted participants' word acquisition after learning. These findings demonstrated dynamic brain responses to rapid Russian word learning and suggested that the P600 component may serve as a bio‐marker for individual learning ability in Russian word acquisition.
High‐frequency longitudinal white matter diffusion‐ and myelin‐based MRI database: Reliability and variability
Authors: Edde Manon , Theaud Guillaume , Dumont Matthieu , Théberge Antoine , Valcourt‐Caron Alex , Gilbert Guillaume , Houde Jean‐Christophe , Maltais Loika , Rheault François , Spagnolo Federico , Barakovic Muhamed , Magon Stefano , Descoteaux Maxime
Published: April 2023

Assessing the consistency of quantitative MRI measurements is critical for inclusion in longitudinal studies and clinical trials. Intraclass coefficient correlation and coefficient of variation were used to evaluate the different consistency aspects of diffusion‐ and myelin‐based MRI measures. Multi‐shell diffusion and inhomogeneous magnetization transfer data sets were collected from 20 healthy adults at a high‐frequency of five MRI sessions. The consistency was evaluated across whole bundles and the track‐profile along the bundles. The impact of the fiber populations on the consistency was also evaluated using the number of fiber orientations map. For whole and profile bundles, moderate to high reliability of diffusion and myelin measures were observed. We report higher reliability of measures for multiple fiber populations than single. The overall portrait of the most consistent measurements and bundles drawn from a wide range of MRI techniques presented here will be particularly useful for identifying reliable biomarkers capable of detecting, monitoring and predicting white matter changes in clinical applications and has the potential to inform patient‐specific treatment strategies.
Secretome mediated interactions between sensory neurons and breast cancer cells
Authors: Jerard Chinnu , Madhusudanan Pallavi , Swamy Aditi , Ravikumar Karishma , Shankarappa Sahadev A.
Published: April 2023

The role of the nervous system in aiding cancer progression and metastasis is an important aspect of cancer pathogenesis. Interaction between cancer cells and neurons in an in vitro platform is a simple and robust method to further understand this phenomenon. In our study, we aimed to examine in vitro reciprocal effect between breast cancer cells and cancer‐sensitized peripheral primary sensory neurons. Secretome obtained from either cultured DRG neurons from tumor‐burdened rats, or MRMT1 breast cancer cells were used to study neuronal and cancer cell reciprocity. We utilized neurite analysis, modified cell migration assay and cell signaling pathway inhibitors to determine neurite growth patterns and cell migration in PC12/DRG neurons and MRMT1 cells, respectively. MRMT1 secretome was found to induce significant neurite outgrowth in PC12 and primary sensory neurons. Secretome‐induced neurite growth in PC12 cells was partly mediated by PI3K and ERK pathways, but not by adenylyl cyclase. Conversely, secretome from tumor‐sensitized sensory neuron cultures induced increased rate of migration in cultured MRMT1 cells. Results from our study provide additional support to the hypothesis that both breast cancer cells and nerve terminals secrete signaling messengers that have a reciprocal effect on each other.
Modulus‐dependent effects on neurogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in three‐dimensional hydrogel cultures
Authors: Goldshmid Revital , Simaan‐Yameen Haneen , Ifergan Liaura , Loebel Claudia , Burdick Jason A. , Seliktar Dror
Published: April 2023

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are of significant interest as a renewable source of therapeutically useful cells. In tissue engineering, hMSCs are implanted within a scaffold to provide enhanced capacity for tissue repair. The present study evaluates how mechanical properties of that scaffold can alter the phenotype and genotype of the cells, with the aim of augmenting hMSC differentiation along the myogenic, neurogenic or chondrogenic linages. The hMSCs were grown three‐dimensionally (3D) in a hydrogel comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐conjugated to fibrinogen. The hydrogel's shear storage modulus (G′), which was controlled by increasing the amount of PEG‐diacrylate cross‐linker in the matrix, was varied in the range of 100–2000 Pascal (Pa). The differentiation into each lineage was initiated by a defined culture medium, and the hMSCs grown in the different modulus hydrogels were characterized using gene and protein expression. Materials having lower storage moduli (G′ = 100 Pa) exhibited more hMSCs differentiating to neurogenic lineages. Myogenesis was favored in materials having intermediate modulus values (G′ = 500 Pa), whereas chondrogenesis was favored in materials with a higher modulus (G′ = 1000 Pa). Enhancing the differentiation pathway of hMSCs in 3D hydrogel scaffolds using simple modifications to mechanical properties represents an important achievement toward the effective application of these cells in tissue engineering.
Inhibition of N‐glycosylation by glucosamine hydrochloride inhibits TGF‐β1‐induced LOXL2 secretion
Authors: Kamiya Tetsuro , Kadowaki Mai , Atobe Taku , Kunieda Kana , Morimoto Koki , Hara Hirokazu
Published: April 2023

Kidney fibrosis is closely associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, copper‐containing secretory amine oxidases, such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX‐like 1–4 (LOXL1–4), play pivotal roles in the regulation of extracellular components and facilitate fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the regulation of LOX enzymes in human tubular epithelial HK2 cells to help clarify the role of LOX enzymes in kidney fibrosis. Among 5 LOX enzymes, LOXL2 expression is abundantly expressed in HK2 cells. LOX enzymes inhibitor, β‐aminopropionitrile, suppressed transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)‐promoted epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition processes in HK2 cells, indicating that LOX enzymes are involved in TGF‐β1‐mediated fibrotic processes. Recent studies suggest that LOX enzymes are secreted into the extracellular spaces by exosomes and promote fibrotic processes. Similar to the previous reports, we observed that exosomes secreted from HK2 cells carry LOXL2 into the extracellular spaces. Furthermore, we determined that N‐glycosylation on the asparagine residues plays a key role in LOXL2 secretion. Amino acid mutations in three asparagine residues, which can be glycosylated, suppressed the secretion of mutated LOXL2. Moreover, N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5, an enzyme used for the biosynthesis of β1,6N‐acetylglucosamine‐branched N‐glycans, participated in LOXL2 secretion, and the N‐glycosylation inhibitor, glucosamine hydrochloride (GS), inhibited TGF‐β1‐mediated LOXL2 secretion and fibrotic processes. Overall, TGF‐β1 promotes LOXL2 secretion and may participate in kidney fibrosis. Our results provide novel insight into the antifibrotic properties of GS that contribute to the inhibition of CKD progression.
Key terms and definitions in acute porphyrias: Results of an international Delphi consensus led by the European porphyria network
Authors: Stein Penelope E. , Edel Yonatan , Mansour Razan , Mustafa Reem A. , Sandberg Sverre ,   Members of the Acute Porphyria Expert Panel
Published: April 2023

Acute porphyrias are a group of rare inherited disorders causing acute neurovisceral attacks. Many terms used frequently in the literature and clinical practice are ambiguous, which can lead to confusion in the way patients are managed, studied, and reported in clinical studies. Agreed definitions are a necessary first step in developing management guidelines and will facilitate communication of results of future clinical research. The Delphi method was used to generate consensus on key terms and definitions in acute porphyria. The process started with a brainstorming phase offered to all members of the European Porphyria Network followed by two Delphi rounds among international experts in the field of porphyria (the Acute Porphyria Expert Panel). A consensus of 75% or more was defined as the agreement threshold. A total of 63 respondents from 26 countries participated in the brainstorming phase, leading to the choice of nine terms and definitions. A total of 34 experts were invited to take part in the Delphi rounds. Seven of the initial nine terms and definitions which entered the first Delphi round achieved the threshold for agreement. Following a second Delphi round, all nine definitions achieved agreement. Agreement on the definitions for nine important terms describing acute porphyrias represents a significant step forward for the porphyria community. It will facilitate more accurate comparison of outcomes among porphyria centres and in clinical trials and provide a strong framework for developing evidence‐based clinical guidelines.
Clinical observation of neutralizing antibody DXP‐604 for treatment critical COVID‐19 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Shao Zehua , Liu Hongmei , Shi Qian , Lv Chuanjian , Bai Yan , Wu Ziai , Wei Wei , Wei Huanhuan , Gao Haiyan , Wang Meiyun
Published: April 2023

From January to March 2022, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta (B.1.617.2) infection was prevalent in Yuzhou and Zhengzhou. DXP‐604 is a broad‐spectrum antiviral monoclonal antibody, which has excellent viral neutralization ability in vitro and a long half‐life in vivo, with good biosafety and tolerability. Preliminary results showed that DXP‐604 can accelerate recovery from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant in hospitalized patients with mild to moderate clinical symptoms. However, the efficacy of DXP‐604 has not been fully studied in high‐risk severe patients. Here, we prospectively enrolled 27 high‐risk patients, two groups were divided, in addition to receiving standard of care (SOC), 14 of them additionally received the neutralizing antibody DXP‐604 therapy, and another 13 intensive care unit (ICU) patients simultaneously underwent SOC as a control group matched for age, gender, and clinical type. The results revealed lower C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, lactic dehydrogenase and neutrophil counts, and higher lymphocyte and monocyte counts from Day 3 post‐DXP‐604 treatment compared with SOC treatment. Besides, thoracic CT images showed improvements in lesion areas and degrees, along with changes in blood inflammatory factors. Moreover, DXP‐604 reduced the invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality of high‐risk SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients. The ongoing clinical trials of DXP‐604 neutralizing antibody will clarify its utility as a new attractive countermeasure for high‐risk COVID‐19.
Surfing across industrial revolutions: A resilient sensemaking perspective on innovation
Authors: Ciasullo Maria Vincenza , Calabrese Mario , La Sala Antonio
Published: April 2023

Employing the sensemaking perspective, this paper aims to study the relationship between social innovation and resilience. The study highlights how sensemaking of social innovation is a process that takes place within existing social and economic representations. This study has a qualitative nature and is based on multiple case studies, which is the methodology best suited to highlight the drivers of social phenomena in specific socioeconomic contexts and which characteristics they manifest. The paper contributes to the literature along three different lines. First, it describes social innovation as the resilient outcome of sensemaking or the result of a capacity for collective reorganization following environmental, political, economic, and social disruptions. Second, it provides policymakers with a model to use to establish the intensity of social pressure and the openness of baseline social representations to change. Third, it allows policymakers to jointly observe and analyze the relationship between social representation and economic representation, highlighting the central role of firms in achieving social innovation. Although this paper presents the findings of a wide theoretical analysis, the developed model needs to be empirically tested by firms and policymakers.
Raman spectroscopy enables non‐invasive and quantitative assessment of macronutrients in baked foods
Authors: Rodriguez Axell , Kurouski Dmitry
Published: April 2023

Fast and accurate assessments of macro and micronutrients in food can be used to balance the diet of millions of people around the world. This can help to prevent the development of chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Modern analytical methods that can be used to reveal information about the nutritional composition of food are destructive and laborious. In this study, we examine the potential of Raman spectroscopy in the non‐invasive, non‐destructive, and quantitative assessment of carbohydrates, gluten, carotenoids, and fats in baked foods, including bread and crackers. The Raman effect is based on the phenomenon of inelastic light scattering. Our results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy could be used to quantify the amount of carbohydrates, gluten, carotenoids, and fats in baked foods. Furthermore, unique spectroscopic signatures of bread and crackers could be used for their automated identification. These findings demonstrate that Raman‐based sensors can be used to personalize nutrition and control the quality of consumed food products.
Effect of pollination on the composition of raw arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.): antioxidant capacity, bioactive compounds, and volatiles precursors
Authors: Canzi Francisco Antonio , Meireles Desirée Ayume Lopes , Valdez Aldo Sindulfo Barboza , Abrantes Lidia Stadtlober , Boroski Marcela , Augusto Solange Cristina , Valderrama Patrícia , Toci Aline Theodoro
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

The importance of pollination is recognized worldwide. This study investigates the influence of biotic pollination on the chemical composition of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cultivated in the municipalities of Araguari and Monte Carmelo, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Twenty samples were analyzed, of which 10 were biotically pollinated (P) and 10 non‐biotically pollinated (NP). Analyses of bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and centesimal composition of coffees were performed.

RESULTS

The results revealed chemical differences between the P and NP samples, with significantly higher levels of the bioactive compounds caffeine, trigonelline, and chlorogenic acids in the P samples. The findings indicated that pollination of the coffee plants assisted germination and made the beans less susceptible to attack by external agents.

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrated that pollination services are important mechanisms affecting the chemical composition of coffee beans. Considering that the compounds evaluated are precursors of volatile compounds in coffee, this directly affects the quality of the beans. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
MoS2‐Polyaniline Based Flexible Electrochemical Biosensor: Toward pH Monitoring in Human Sweat
Authors: Choudhury Sudipta , Deepak Deepak , Bhattacharya Gourav , McLaughlign James , Roy Susanta Sinha
Published: April 2023

Wearable pH sensors for sweat analysis have garnered significant scientific attention for the detection of early signs of many physiological diseases. In this study, a MoS2‐polyaniline (PANI) modified screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is fabricated and used as a sweat biosensor. The exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets are drop casted over an SPCE and are functionalized by a conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) via the electropolymerization technique. The as‐fabricated biosensor exhibits high super‐Nernstian sensitivity of −70.4 ± 1.7 mV pH−1 in the linear range of pH 4 to 8 of 0.1 m standard phosphate buffer solution (PBS), with outstanding reproducibility. The sensor exhibits excellent selectivity against the common sweat ions including Na+, Cl−, K+, and NH4+ with tremendous long‐term stability over 180 min from pH 4 to 6. The enhanced active surface area and better electrical conductivity as a consequence of the synergistic effect between MoS2 and PANI are correlated with the boosted performance of the as‐produced biosensor. The feasibility of the sensor is further examined using an artificial sweat specimen and the successful detection confirms the potential of the biosensor for a real‐time noninvasive, skin attachable, and flexible wearable pH sensor.
Ca2+–Calmodulin–Calcineurin Signaling Modulates α‐Synuclein Transmission
Authors: Ueda Jun , Uemura Norihito , Ishimoto Tomoyuki , Taguchi Tomoyuki , Sawamura Masanori , Nakanishi Etsuro , Ikuno Masashi , Matsuzawa Shuichi , Yamakado Hodaka , Takahashi Ryosuke
Published: April 2023

Background

The intercellular transmission of pathogenic proteins plays a crucial role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous research has shown that the neuronal uptake of such proteins is activity‐dependent; however, the detailed mechanisms underlying activity‐dependent α‐synuclein transmission in Parkinson's disease remain unclear.

Objective

To examine whether α‐synuclein transmission is affected by Ca2+–calmodulin–calcineurin signaling in cultured cells and mouse models of Parkinson's disease.

Methods

Mouse primary hippocampal neurons were used to examine the effects of the modulation of Ca2+–calmodulin–calcineurin signaling on the neuronal uptake of α‐synuclein preformed fibrils. The effects of modulating Ca2+–calmodulin–calcineurin signaling on the development of α‐synuclein pathology were examined using a mouse model injected with α‐synuclein preformed fibrils.

Results

Modulation of Ca2+–calmodulin–calcineurin signaling by inhibiting voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels, calmodulin, and calcineurin blocked the neuronal uptake of α‐synuclein preformed fibrils via macropinocytosis. Different subtypes of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel differentially contributed to the neuronal uptake of α‐synuclein preformed fibrils. In wild‐type mice inoculated with α‐synuclein preformed fibrils, we found that inhibiting calcineurin ameliorated the development of α‐synuclein pathology.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that Ca2+–calmodulin–calcineurin signaling modulates α‐synuclein transmission and has potential as a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Current and emerging approaches to noncompetitive AR inhibition
Authors: Riley Christopher M. , Elwood Jessica M. L. , Henry Martyn C. , Hunter Irene , Daniel Lopez‐Fernandez J. , McEwan Iain J. , Jamieson Craig
Published: April 2023

The androgen receptor (AR) has been shown to be a key determinant in the pathogenesis of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The current standard of care therapies targets the ligand‐binding domain of the receptor and can afford improvements to life expectancy often only in the order of months before resistance occurs. Emerging preclinical and clinical compounds that inhibit receptor activity via differentiated mechanisms of action which are orthogonal to current antiandrogens show promise for overcoming treatment resistance. In this review, we present an authoritative summary of molecules that noncompetitively target the AR. Emerging small molecule strategies for targeting alternative domains of the AR represent a promising area of research that shows significant potential for future therapies. The overall quality of lead candidates in the area of noncompetitive AR inhibition is discussed, and it identifies the key chemotypes and associated properties which are likely to be, or are currently, positioned to be first in human applications.
Drag on a semipermeable spherical particle covered by a couple stress fluid
Authors: Selvi R.
Published: April 2023

This paper focuses on the hydrodynamic interaction between a semipermeable spherical particle and a laminar flow of couple stress fluid. The framework of the flow is divided into two regions, in which the non‐Newtonian characteristics of the couple stress fluid are governed by classical Stokes equations and the permeable region is governed by Darcy's law. The asymptotic series expansion involves the stream functions in terms of modified Bessel's function and Gagenbauer's polynomials for the inner and outer regions. The graphical analysis demonstrating the superior outcomes of numerous parameters such as the couple stress parameter, the permeability parameter, and the couple stress viscosity ratio on the drag coefficient is conducted, and the outcomes are discussed comprehensively. The present study discovered that the drag of a semipermeable sphere is greater than that of a couple stress fluid sphere. A continuous reduction in the pressure distribution is observed with the rising value of the couple stress parameter. However, an increasing value of the couple stress parameter in the semipermeable medium contributes to increasing the tangential stress with respect to the distance from the surface. The current study's findings could be useful in analyzing significant clinical and industrial applications such as the filtration process for wastewater treatment, the design of the digestive system, fluid–solid disperse systems, and the petroleum industry. However, experimental verification is required for the proposed work.
High‐dose carboplatin–irinotecan–temozolomide is an effective salvage chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma
Authors: Kobushi Hirokazu , Saida Satoshi , Umeda Katsutsugu , Iwai Atsushi , Kozuki Kagehiro , Kubota Hirohito , Tanaka Kuniaki , Obu Satoshi , Uchihara Yoshinori , Tasaka Keiji , Kato Itaru , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Takita Junko
Published: April 2023

There is no clear consensus on the most effective treatment for relapsed/refractory high‐risk neuroblastoma (NB). We retrospectively assessed seven NB patients with relapsed/refractory disease who received high‐dose carboplatin–irinotecan–temozolomide (HD‐CIT). Five of seven patients showed favorable therapeutic response (complete remission or partial remission). Regarding toxicity, the cytopenia period tended to prolong when more than three cycles were repeated, but nonhematological toxicities were controllable with general supportive care. Due to its antitumor efficacy and well‐tolerated nonhematologic toxicity, HD‐CIT is a promising salvage chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory NB. However, it is important to pay attention to the exacerbation of hematological toxicity when repeating the regimen.
Religious attitude, spirituality and mental adjustment in Turkish geriatric oncology patients
Authors: Yavuz Duygu , Koç Zeliha
Published: April 2023

Aim

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious attitudes and spirituality levels of geriatric oncology patients and their psychological reactions to cancer.

Methods

The sample consisted of 261 geriatric oncology patients who were inpatients in oncology and hematology clinics of a university hospital. The research was conducted between 30 July 2020 and 26 January 2022. Data were collected using the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale, the Ok‐Religious Attitude (ORA) scale, and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐being (FACIT‐SP) scale. The effect of the ORA scale and FACIT‐SP scale scores on the MAC scale were analyzed using path analysis.

Results

A positive relationship was found between Spiritual Well‐Being and Fighting (β = 0.028, p < 0.001) and Anxious Anticipation (β = 0.024, p < 0.001); a negative relationship was found between Fatalism (β = −0.023, p < 0.001), Helplessness/Hopelessness (β = −0.04, p < 0.001) and Denial/Avoidance (β = −0.026; p < 0.001). A positive relationship was found between Religious Attitude and Fighting Spirit (β = 0.154, p = 0.009) and Anxious Anticipation (β = 0.231, p < 0.001), while a negative relationship was found between Religious Attitude and Despair/Hopelessness (β = −0.413, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Patients' religious attitudes and spiritual well‐being levels affected their psychological reactions to cancer, increased their “fighting spirit” and their “anxious preoccupation” about the disease, and decreased their helplessness/hopelessness, fatalism, denial and avoidance.
Proteomic insights into Helcococcus kunzii in a diabetic foot ulcer‐like environment
Authors: Durand Benjamin A. R. N. , Dunyach‐Remy Catherine , El Kaddouri Oumayma , Daher Riham , Lavigne Jean‐Philippe , Armengaud Jean , Grenga Lucia
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Helcococcus kunzii is a skin commensal, Gram‐positive bacterium, mostly isolated from infected chronic wounds. This opportunistic pathogen is usually co‐isolated with Staphylococcus aureus. The present dataset explores the production and secretion of H. kunzii bacterial virulence interacting proteins in a growth medium mimicking chronic wounds in exponential and stationary growth phases.

Experimental Design

The H. kunzii cellular proteome and exoproteome were assessed by analyzing three biological replicates per condition tested. Samples were analyzed using a Q‐Exactive HF mass spectrometer. Comparative and functional analyses were performed to profile the identified protein set.

Results

The H. kunzii’s cellular proteome encompassed 969 proteins, among which 64 and 53 were specifically identified in the exponential and stationary phase of growth, respectively. Its exoproteome comprised 58 proteins, among which 16 and 14 were characteristic of each growth stage. Metabolic differences between the two phases of growth are discussed. Besides, the production of previously shortlisted and novel putative H. kunzii targets involved in modulating the virulence of S. aureus is investigated.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

This work, pioneering the study of H. kunzii physiology in a chronic wound‐like environment, should assist future research on this opportunistic pathogen and the search for innovative approaches for wound management.
Consequence analysis in industrial organizations containing H2S gas through accident scenarios based on chemical source selection
Authors: Çetinyokuş Saliha
Published: April 2023

H2S gas emissions occur in various processes, especially in the purification of polluted waters, mining, and petroleum refining processes and this extremely dangerous chemical has serious toxic emission, explosion, and fire effects. These physical effects vary considerably depending on the source strength. Therefore, consequence analyzes based on source strength models are critical components in the process of assessing hazards. In this study, a consequence analysis was performed with accident scenarios related to different sources of H2S gas. ALOHA 5.4.7 and EFFECTS 8.0.1 Software were used for physical effects modeling. Modeling studies were conducted on direct source (continuous release:100 m3/s, 5 m3/s), puddle source (100 m3, 5 m3), tank source (vertical‐horizontal cylindrical, spherical, 1.57 m3), and gas pipeline source with ALOHA Software. Possible Gas LOC (Levels of Concern) scenario Leak (G3) and Gas LOC scenario release in 10 min (G2) scenarios were studied with EFFECTS Software. When the results of both software were compared with each other, it was seen that the effects of thermal radiation and explosion were of similar order and value, and the toxic effect values were very different from each other. Both software allow for a release above ground level for gases that behave as neutrally buoyant. The main difference between the dispersion models used in the software is that the gas is assumed to behave as non‐interacting ideal gas in ALOHA, but in EFFECTS deviations from ideal gas are considered. And, ALOHA dispersion models use surface roughness lengths in a limited fashion and only include 60‐min AEGLs. ALOHA does not account for topographic steering or winds that vary with time in EFFECTS. It can be said that the results of the ALOHA Software are more conservative than the EFFECTS Software.
Single‐filament imaging mass spectrometry lipidomics in Arthrospira platensis
Authors: Lesco Kaitlin C. , Rowland Steven M. , Ratanathanawongs Williams S. Kim , Laurens Lieve M. L.
Published: April 2023

Rationale

Elucidating intra‐organismal biochemical and lipid organization in photosynthetic biological cell factories of filamentous cyanobacteria, such as Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina), is important for tracking physiological response mechanisms during growth. Little is known about the filaments' biochemical organization and cellular structure and no label‐free imaging techniques exist that provide molecular mapping.

Methods

We applied ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging to immobilized Spirulina filaments to investigate the localization of lipids across distinct physiological regions. We optimized matrix selection and deposition methods with the goal of facilitating high spatial, and intra‐filament, resolution using untargeted multivariate statistical spectral deconvolution across MS pixels.

Results

Our results demonstrate an improved two‐step matrix application with an optimized procedure for intra‐organismal lipid profiling to improve analyte sensitivity and achieve higher spatial resolution. We evaluate several conventional matrices, namely 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), superDHB (sDHB), 1,5‐diaminonaphthalene (DAN), and a 50:50 mix of DHB and sDHB, and compare delineation and pixel‐based elucidation of intra‐filament lipidomics. We identified a total of 1626 features that could be putatively assigned a lipid‐like formula based on database query and 46 unique features, with associated lipid assignments that were significantly distinct in their intra‐filament location.

Conclusions

MALDI imaging MS with untargeted statistical spectral deconvolution was used to visualize intra‐filament lipidomics organization in Spirulina filaments. Improvements in matrix deposition, including sequential sublimation and pneumatic spraying, increased signal abundance at high spatial resolution and allowed for identification of distinct lipid composition regions. This work outlines a methodology that may be used for micro‐ecological untargeted molecular phenotyping.
Malignant neoplasm of lacrimal gland with pulmonary metastasis
Authors: Lewis Victoria , Sutton Kate , Davies Helen
Published: April 2023

Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) make up 3%–5% of head and neck malignancies. They have a high propensity to metastasise, in particular to the lungs. A 65‐year‐old male diagnosed with a right lacrimal gland ACC T2N0M0 (surgically resected 12 years prior) presented with an incidentally noted 1.2 cm right lower lobe lung nodule seen on MRI liver. Subsequent imaging confirmed a non‐FDG avid 1.6 cm solitary ovoid subpleural lesion, percutaneous biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma. A surgical metastasectomy was performed and recovery was complete. Prognosis in ACC is improved with radical management of metastatic disease. Rather than a simple chest radiograph, more detailed imaging, such as MRI or CT scanning may increase the probability of early detection of pulmonary metastasis and, thereby facilitate radical treatment and improve survival.
Programmable DNA Hydrogel Provides Suitable Microenvironment for Enhancing TSPCS Therapy in Healing of Tendinopathy
Authors: Ge Zilu , Li Wei , Zhao Renliang , Xiong Wei , Wang Dong , Tang Yunfeng , Fang Qian , Deng Xiangtian , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Yaojia , Chen Xiaoting , Li Yue , Lu Yanrong , Wang Chengshi , Wang Guanglin
Published: April 2023

Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) therapy is a promising strategy for enhancing cell matrix and collagen synthesis, and regulating the metabolism of the tendon microenvironment during tendon injury repair. Nevertheless, the barren microenvironment and gliding shear of tendon cause insufficient nutrition supply, damage, and aggregation of injected TSPCs around tendon tissues, which severely hinders their clinical application in tendinopathy. In this study, a TSPCs delivery system is developed by encapsulating TSPCs within a DNA hydrogel (TSPCs‐Gel) as the DNA hydrogel offers an excellent artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment by providing nutrition for proliferation and protection against shear forces. This delivery method restricts TSPCs to the tendons, significantly extending their retention time. It is also found that TSPCs‐Gel injections can promote the healing of rat tendinopathy in vivo, where cross‐sectional area and load to failure of injured tendons in rats are significantly improved compared to the free TSPCs treatment group at 8 weeks. Furthermore, the potential healing mechanism of TSPCs‐Gel is investigated by RNA‐sequencing to identify a series of potential gene and signaling pathway targets for further clinical treatment strategies. These findings suggest the potential pathways of using DNA hydrogels as artificial ECMs to promote cell proliferation and protect TSPCs in TSPC therapy.
Integration of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Metals: Synergy for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Hu Yue , Liu Jiawei , Lee Carmen , Li Meng , Han Bin , Wu Tianci , Pan Hongge , Geng Dongsheng , Yan Qingyu
Published: April 2023

Electrocatalysis is a highly promising technology widely used in clean energy conversion. There is a continuing need to develop advanced electrocatalysts to catalyze the critical electrochemical reactions. Integrating metal active species, including various metal nanostructures (NSs) and atomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs), into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) leads to the formation of promising heterogeneous electrocatalysts that take advantage of both components. Among them, MOFs can provide support and protection for the active sites on guest metals, and the resulting host‐guest interactions can synergistically enhance the electrocatalytic performance. In this review, three key concerns on MOF‐metal heterogeneous electrocatalysts regarding the catalytic sites, conductivity, and catalytic stability are first presented. Then, rational integration strategies of MOFs and metals, including the integration of metal NSs via surface anchoring, space confining, and MOF coating, as well as the integration of ADMSs either with the metal nodes/linkers or within the pores of MOFs, along with their recent progress on synergistic cooperation for specific electrochemical reactions are summarized. Finally, current challenges and possible solutions in applying these increasingly concerned electrocatalysts are also provided.
Enhanced Interfacial Charge Transfer/Separation By LSPR‐Induced Defective Semiconductor Toward High Co2RR Performance
Authors: Jiang Jingwen , Wang Xiaofeng , Guo Hong
Published: April 2023

Solar‐driven reduction of CO2 emissions into high‐value‐added carbonaceous compounds has been recognized as a sustainable energy conversion way. The high‐efficiency charge separation and effective activation are the critical issues in the process. The local plasma effect of metal and the vacancy of semiconductors in the metal‐semiconductor heterostructure can solve this issue extensively. Herein, an oxygen vacancy photocatalyst containing uniform Ag nanoparticles (Ag‐20@Nb2O5‐x) is designed, which exhibits an excellent reduction performance and the CO yield can reach 59.13 µmol g−1 with high selectivity. The carrier migration is accelerated and the activation of CO2 is facilitated by the local surface plasmon effect and oxygen vacancy. Moreover, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction mechanism is revealed based on the density functional theory and in situ technology in detail. This work provides an in‐depth understanding of the design of more ingenious metal‐semiconductor photocatalysts to achieve more efficient charge transfer.
Mixed ion‐electron conducting Li3P for efficient cathode prelithiation of all‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Dan , Sun Han , Qu Deyu , Xie Zhizhong , Tang Haolin , Liu Jinping
Published: April 2023

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) using sulfide electrolytes hold promise for next‐generation battery technology. Although using a pure Li metal anode is believed to maximize battery energy density, numerous recent studies have implicated that Li‐ion anodes (e.g., graphite and Si) are more realistic candidates due to their interfacial compatibility with sulfide electrolytes. However, those Li‐ion ASSBs suffer from an issue similar to liquid Li‐ion batteries, which is a loss of active Li inventory owing to interfacial side reactions between electrode components, resulting in reduced available capacities and shortened cycle life. Herein, for the first time, we explore the potential of Li3P for cathode prelithiation of Li‐ion ASSBs. We identify that the crystallized Li3P (c‐Li3P) has room‐temperature ionic and electronic conductivities of both over 10−4 S/cm. Such a mixed ion‐electron conducting feature ensures that the neat c‐Li3P affords a high Li+‐releasing capacity of 983 mAh/g in ASSBs during the first charging. Moreover, the electrochemical delithiation of c‐Li3P takes place below 2 V versus Li+/Li, while its lithiation dominates below 1 V versus Li+/Li. Once used as a cathode prelithiation regent for ASSBs, c‐Li3P only functions as a Li+ donor without lithiation activity and can adequately compensate for the Li loss with minimal dosage added. Besides mitigating first‐cycle Li loss, c‐Li3P prelithiation can also improve the battery cyclability by sustained release of low‐dosage Li+ ions in subsequent cycles, which have been embodied in several full ASSBs by coupling a LiCoO2 cathode with various types of anodes (including graphite, in foil, Sb, and Si anode). Our work provides a universal cathode prelithiation strategy for high‐efficiency Li‐ion ASSBs.
Sequentially bridged MXene platelets for strong high‐temperature EM‐IR bi‐stealth sheets
Authors: Yang Yushan , Chen Kaicong , Chen Yipeng , Wang Chao , Dang Baokang , Li Yingying , Liu Ming , Sun Qingfeng
Published: April 2023

Combination of flexible multifunctional stealth technology properties such as electromagnetic (EM) and infrared (IR) stealth is crucial to the development of aerospace, military, and electronic fields, but the synthesis technology still has a significant challenge. Herein, we have successfully designed and synthesized highly flexible MXene@cellulose lamellae/borate ion (MXCB) sheets with strong high‐temperature EM‐IR bi‐stealth through sequential bridging of hydrogen and covalent bonds. The resultant MXCB sheets display high conductivity and good mechanical features such as flexibility, stretchability, fatigue resistance, and ultrasonic damage. MXCB sheets have a high tensile strength of 795 MPa. Furthermore, MXCB sheets with different thicknesses indicate exceptional high‐temperature thermal‐camouflage characteristics. This reduces the radiation temperature of the target object (>300 °C) to 100 °C. The conductivity of MXCB sheet with 3 μm thickness is 6108 S/cm and the EM interference (EMI) shielding value is 39.74 dB. The normalized surface‐specific EMI SE absolute shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) is as high as 39312.78 dB·cm2/g, which remained 99.39% even after 10,000 times repeated folding. These multifunctional ultrathin MXCB sheets can be arranged by vacuum‐assisted induction to develop EM‐IR bi‐stealth sheet.
Multidimensional landscape of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease‐related disease spectrum uncovered by big omics data: Profiling evidence and new perspectives
Authors: Zhu Zhengyi , Chen Yuyan , Qin Xueqian , Liu Shujun , Wang Jinglin , Ren Haozhen
Published: April 2023

Characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that could promote the progression of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Benefiting from recent advances in omics technologies, such as high‐throughput sequencing, voluminous profiling data in HCC‐integrated molecular science into clinical medicine helped clinicians with rational guidance for treatments. In this review, we conclude the majority of publicly available omics data on the NAFLD‐related disease spectrum and bring up new insights to inspire next‐generation therapeutics against this increasingly prevalent disease spectrum in the post‐genomic era.
Guinea Grass Seed (Megathyrsus maximus), a Potential Novel Starch Source: Impact of Isolation Methods on Functional, Morphological, Structural, Pasting, and Rheological Properties
Authors: Bist Yograj , Sharanagat Vijay Singh , Saxena Dharmesh C.
Published: April 2023

In the present study, Guinea seed starch (GS) is extracted using four different isolation methods (Sodium hydroxide [NaOH], potassium metabisulphite [KMS], citric acid [CA], and distilled water [DW]) to investigate the effect of isolation methods on different properties of starch. The water and oil absorption capacity range from 0.69 to 1.12 g g−1and 0.81 to 0.95 g g−1, respectively. The swelling and solubility of isolated starches are temperature dependent and increase with temperature (70–90 °C). The amylose content also varies with isolation method and all the starch showed typical A‐type X‐ray patterns. The mean particle size of GS is 9.86–13.36 µm and shows round to polygonal shapes with pores. The isolation method impacts glass transition temperatures and enthalpies, which vary between 73.36–83.67 °C and 0.72–23.69 J g−1, respectively. The pasting temperature (PT) also varies with the isolation method and follows the pattern of CA (84.80 ± 0.07 °C) > KMS (81.97 ± 0.06 °C) > DW (81.95 ± 0.05 °C) > NaOH (79.82 ± 0.03 °C). All the starches showed shear thinning behavior, and storage modulus is higher than loss modulus, representing that the elastic component is higher than the viscous component.
Eriocaulaceae: A new classification system based on morphological evolution and molecular evidence
Authors: Andrino Caroline Oliveira , Costa Fabiane Nepomuceno , Simon Marcelo Fragomeni , Missagia Rafaela Velloso , Sano Paulo Takeo
Published: April 2023

Paepalanthus, in its current sense, is the most diverse genus of Eriocaulaceae in the Neotropics, comprising about 400 species. Previous studies have consistently found that the genus is not monophyletic, also being morphologically heterogeneous and diagnosable by a set of homoplasies; thus, the current circumscription needs to be revised. The new classification proposed here uses a comprehensive phylogeny of Paepalanthus and closely related genera as a framework and an evaluation of a set of morphological characters using ancestral state reconstruction, which allowed the recognition of strongly supported clades with morphological diagnosability. We propose the recognition of 12 genera in the clade encompassing Paepalanthus and allied groups, including six new genera (Coracoralina, Floralia, Giuliettia, Gnomus, Hydriade, Nisius), two new statuses (Cryptanthella, Monosperma), the reestablishment of Actinocephalus, Lachnocaulon, and Tonina, and a recircumscription of Paepalanthus. In this new circumscription, Paepalanthus comprises 257 species, most of them restricted to the Brazilian campos rupestres. Among the proposed genera, nine have potential morphological synapomorphies, one has a restricted geographical distribution, and the other two can be recognized by a combination of characters. Newly generated seed morphology data is consistent within the different genera and plays an important role in their recognition. A total of 136 new combinations are hereby proposed. We provide a genus‐level identification key, as well as generic descriptions, diagnostic features, photos illustrating their morphological diversity, maps and notes on distribution, and lists of species by genus.
Analysis of Coronado State Historic Site artifacts using X‐rays
Authors: Young Steven G. , Valdez James , Espy Michelle , Edgar Alex , Brett Jack , Pettes Michael T. , Mathers Clay , Barbour Matthew , Patterson Brian M.
Published: April 2023

Two historic‐period metal artifacts were provided by the New Mexico Historic Sites to Los Alamos National Laboratory for non‐destructive analysis. The artifacts were a crossbow quarrel (or bolthead) and a reliquary pendant recovered from Kuaua Pueblo (also known as the Coronado Historic Site) in Bernalillo, NM. The quarrel is a heavily patinated metal that had been flattened due to compressive forces. The pendant consisted of a metal casing that had previously surrounded two center gemstones on the front and rear face of the pendant. The gemstone in the rear setting had fractured and was displaced from the setting, leaving only a small, loose fragment within the pendant for study. The front gem appeared to be very dark, near‐black in color, and the fragment of the rear gem was a bright red color. The artifacts were analyzed to ascertain their composition and glean insight into their provenance using the following X‐ray techniques: X‐ray computed tomography, confocal micro X‐ray fluorescence, and X‐ray diffraction. Infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy were used on selected areas. Ultraviolet Raman spectra were collected on the two gems and the pendant. The metal material of the artifacts was found to be primarily composed of copper. The gems in the pendant were composed of manganese (front gem) and calcium (side gem).