bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of 500 kV power transmission line parameters with PMU
Authors: Kononov Yuri , Zelenskii Evgenii , Rybasova Olga , Kostyukov Dmitrii , Bakaushina Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

This work is devoted to the research of the real-time estimation of 500 kV power transmission lines parameters with PMU based on the solution of the optimization problem of minimizing the root-mean-square deviations of the specific line parameters or the sum of the modules of the correlation coefficients between the specific parameters and the sum of the squares of the voltages or currents measured at the ends of the line. Independent optimization variables are the correction factors of the measuring systems of currents and voltages. Based on an artificially simulated PMU dataset with specified Gaussian noise and systematic errors, it is shown that the use of correlation coefficients in the objective function is more effective than standard deviations. All 5 estimated coefficients turned out to be closer to the reference values. The results of calculations are obtained from the data of real PMUs for an operating 500 kV line with a length of 504.6 km. The deviation of the specific capacitive conductivity from the nominal value is 0.13%, compared with - 0.29% when using the sum of squares of deviations as an objective function.
Marine main engine speed of rotation energy-saving control solution based on artificial neural network application
Authors: Piotrovsky Dmitry , Podgorny Sergey , Kukolev Alexander
Published: July 2021

During operation and maintenance marine main engine is subjected to great variety of different impacts: climatic, operational, load impacts and others. Thus, object efficiency, being directly dependant on impacts overcome ability is known to be able to affect the major part of financial costs, related to the marine transport processes. Therefore, the marine shipping efficiency provision goal can be stated as vessel main engine propulsion plant reliability and operational condition maintenance together with external impacts influences minimization. One of the most significant marine propulsion plant influences is known to be sea water surface swell. However, it is known to be complicated in measurement as it requires some number of complicated devices to be installed outside the ships’ hull. Such impacts are known to significantly affect object efficiency, leading to the list of undesirable results, such as speed of rotation fluctuations, increased fuel consumptions, increased vibrations and so on. This article gives an overview of one of the methods of combating significant speed of rotation fluctuations whilst ship rough sea navigation. The suggested algorithm is based on neural network structure integration as well as fuzzy logic controller integration into additional speed of rotation control system feedback link and can save up to 53,5 thousands of USD per year for the ship owner.
Biogas-energy efficiency in the technological aspects of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Voskanyan Olga S. , Makarov Sergey U. , Makarov Sergey S.
Published: July 2021

The state of development of technologies and equipment for the production of biogas (biomethane) both in Russia and abroad. The main microbiological processes that take place at the same time, technical and technological solutions, the economy of biogas plants. Special attention is paid to the use of biogas plants for the utilization of grain and potato bard from distilleries and beer pellets. It is noted that in the cold climate of Russia, the use of biogas technology is possible only with the support of the state.
Technological aspects of increasing consumer properties and biological value of cattle meat
Authors: Mamaev Andrey , Masalov Vladimir , Leshchukov Konstantin , Konovalov Konstantin
Published: July 2021

The importance of the study is in the development of canned beef with increased biological value. The plant complex “spirulina-flax” was used for the modernization of canned meat. A corresponding goal and objectives of research on the study of new canned meat, the development of recipes, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility were formulated. Development of new canned foods was carried out in the laboratories of N.V. Parakhin Oryol State Agrarian University and “Oryolproduct” of Mtsensk district, Oryol region. Four samples of canned beef were produced in laboratory conditions. Three of them contained different amounts of spirulina-flax complex. Canned beef “Stewed meat” per GOST 32125-2013 was taken as a control. Additional vegetable raw materials can increase the biological value of canned meat due to vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber, while maintaining the requirements of GOST. The added plant complex enriches the product with biologically valuable components of plant origin, with a slight increase in the energy value. Based on the data, it is possible to recommend enterprises to use the obtained composition for the production of canned food with an increased biological value. And also based on the obtained results, it is possible to develop new recipe compositions in the conditions of the enterprise.
The use of hormonal drugs to increase the reproductive function of animals in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Malakhova Natalia , Piskunova Olga , Lishchuk Andrey
Published: July 2021

An increase in the productivity of animals is possible only with the use of deep knowledge of the relationship of the organism with the environment. New technologies for the reproduction, management and raising of animals are inevitably accompanied by industrial stresses, which create the preconditions for a weakening of the general condition of the body and a decrease in hormonal status, which leads to disorder of the ovulatory response of the ovaries, to decrease of rate fertilization and fertility of animals, and a decrease in the profitability of the industry. The goal of research is to analyze the reasons for the low fertility of animals, methods and ways of its correction for the formation of a full-rate sexual cycle.
The use of precision farming technologies in the cultivation of winter wheat in the conditions of the Orel region
Authors: Konoshina Svetlana , Konoshin Ivan , Prudnikova Elena , Makarova Natalia
Published: July 2021

The analysis of the use of precision farming systems for the cultivation of winter wheat of the Moskovskaya 39 variety in the climatic and soil conditions of the Orel region of the Russian Federation is carried out. The value of the vegetation index NDVI was used as a reference indicator for determining the amount of macronutrients introduced. The effect of applied fertilizers on winter wheat plants was found to be stimulating for their targeted distribution. The application of fertilizers without taking into account the needs for this site led to uneven plant development, lodging, a decrease in yield and an increase in the cost of production.
„Der Weg in den Direktzugang ist unausweichlich“ – Bundestagswahl 2021
Authors: Schiewack Michael
Published: July 2021

Alle vier Jahre werden wir zur Wahlurne gebeten, um einen neuen Bundestag zu wählen. ergopraxis hat bei vier namhaften Politikerinnen und Politikern nachgefragt, welche Pläne ihre Parteien für die Zukunft der Heilmittelbranche Deutschlands bereithalten.
Links oder rechts? – Händigkeit bei Kindern
Authors: Kraus Elke
Published: July 2021

Sie sind keine Seltenheit: Kinder, die mal die linke und mal die rechte Hand einsetzen. Spätestens zu Schulbeginn sollte jedoch klar sein, mit welcher Hand das Kind schreiben lernt. Elke Kraus zeigt auf, wie sich Händigkeit entwickelt und mit welchen Instrumenten Ergotherapeut*innen sie feststellen können.
Die ganze Familie im Blick – Ergotherapeutisches Familiencoaching
Authors: Haagen Anne
Published: July 2021

Eltern von Kindern mit Behinderung haben oft das Gefühl, auf Unterstützung angewiesen zu sein, um handlungsfähiger werden zu können. Dem ergotherapeutischen Familiencoaching liegt eine andere Haltung zugrunde – nämlich, dass Familien bereits alle Ressourcen in sich tragen, um für ihr Leben wirksam zu sein.
Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Konsultationen & Diagnosen in den HNO-Praxen in Deutschland
Authors: Rohe Anna M. , Kostev Karel , Sesterhenn Andreas M.
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund Während der ersten Monate der COVID-19-Pandemie kam es zu einer deutlichen Reduktion in der Frequentierung der Institutionen im Gesundheitswesen. Dieser Umstand beeinflusste die rechtzeitige Diagnosestellung und subsequente Therapieeinleitung in nahezu sämtlichen Fachgebieten. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist die Evaluation eines hypothetisch veränderten Gesundheitsbewusstseins in Bezug auf die ambulante Konsultation von HNO-Ärzten in Deutschland.

Material und Methoden Diese Studie nutzte die anonymisierten Daten aus 146 HNO-Praxen in Deutschland und umfasste 162724 Patienten im 2. Quartal 2019, 158077 im 3. Quartal 2019, 128342 im 2. Quartal 2020 und 149153 im 3. Quartal 2020. Das erste Outcome war der Unterschied in der Anzahl der Patienten mit mindestens einem Besuch in diesen Praxen zwischen dem zweiten und dritten Quartal 2019 und dem zweiten und dritten Quartal 2020. Das zweite Outcome war die Anzahl der Patienten mit neuen Diagnosen pro Praxis, definiert als Diagnosen, die zuvor nicht in der Datenbank für einen bestimmten Patienten dokumentiert waren.

Ergebnisse Die Anzahl der Patienten pro Praxis war im 2. Quartal 2020 im Vergleich zum 2. Quartal 2019 signifikant geringer (879 versus 1108; p<0,001). Beim Vergleich des 3. Quartals 2020 mit dem 3. Quartal 2019 zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede (1022 versus 1083; p=0,261). Diagnosen von Otitis media (-43%), akuten Infektionen der oberen Atemwege (-42%), chronischen Erkrankungen der oberen Atemwege (-21%) und Hörsturz (-20%) nahmen im 2. Quartal 2020 verglichen zum 2. Quartal 2019 signifikant ab. Im 3. Quartal 2020 gab es im Vergleich zum 3. Quartal 2019 darüber hinaus einen signifikanten Rückgang der Patientenzahlen für akute Infektionen der oberen Atemwege (-26%) und Otitis media (-25%).

Schlussfolgerungen Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse sind, neben einer Vermeidung von Arztkontakten vonseiten der PatientInnen, sowohl auf die reduzierte Terminvergabe durch die HNO-Praxen als auch auf die konsequente Einhaltung und Umsetzung der Abstands- bzw. Hygieneregeln im Sinne der Verwendung von Atemschutzmasken (FFP2/KN95) zurückzuführen.
Genesen, aber nicht gesund – Chronisches Fatigue
Authors: Laquai Sophia
Published: July 2021

Syndrom nach Covid-19-Erkrankung Immer mehr jüngere Menschen berichten auch nach milden Covid-19-Verläufen von anhaltenden Symptomen wie Fatigue, kognitiven Störungen und Schmerzen, die teils Wochen bis Monate andauern. Bei etwa der Hälfte davon sehen Forschende der Berliner Charité die Kriterien eines Chronischen Fatigue-Syndroms erfüllt, wie es auch nach anderen Viruserkrankungen auftritt.
Frequência do aparecimento de dedo em gatilho no pós-operatório da síndrome do túnel do carpo em duas técnicas cirúrgicas: Aberta e endoscópica
Authors: Fernandes Marcela , Belloti João Carlos , Okamura Aldo , Raduan Neto Jorge , Tajiri Rafael , Faloppa Flávio , Moraes Vinícius Ynoe de
Published: July 2021

Objetivo Determinar a frequência do aparecimento de dedo em gatilho (DG) no pós-operatório da síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC) em duas técnicas: aberta (TA) e endoscópica (TE). Como desfecho secundário, comparar as taxas de remissão da parestesia e dor residual entre as duas técnicas.

Métodos De forma prospectiva, verificamos o aparecimento de dedo em gatilho e taxa de remissão da parestesia e dor no território do nervo mediano em série de pacientes adultos operados pela TA (n = 34). Comparamos com coorte retrospectiva operada pela TE (n = 33), pela mesma equipe de cirurgiões. A avaliação dos pacientes ocorreu por meio de questionário estruturado em consulta de retorno, com mínimo de 6 meses de pós-operatório.

Resultados Sessenta e sete pacientes foram avaliados. Não houve diferença quanto ao aparecimento de dedo em gatilho (TA, 26,5% versus TE, 27,3%; p = 0,94) e dor (TA, 76,5% versus TE, 84.8%; p = 0,38). Os pacientes operados pela TA apresentaram menos queixas de parestesia do que os operados pela TE (TA 5,9% versus TE 24,2%; p = 0,03).

Conclusões Em nossa série, a técnica cirúrgica não influenciou o aparecimento de dedos em gatilho e dor residual. Os pacientes operados pela técnica aberta apresentaram menos queixa de parestesia residual pós-operatória.
Preparing for the PICU: A Qualitative Study of Residents as They Prepare for Their First Pediatric Critical Care Rotation
Authors: Kopstick Avi J. , Sanders Benjamin Wilson , Yarris Lalena M. , Kelly Serena P.
Published: July 2021

Learning critical care medicine in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) can be stressful. Through semistructured interviews (n = 16), this study explored the emotions, perceptions, and motivations of pediatric medicine (PM) and emergency medicine (EM) residents, as they prepared for their first PICU rotation. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed using the grounded theory method. Three resultant themes emerged: (1) residents entered the PICU with a range of intense emotions and heightened expectations; (2) they experienced prior history of psychologically traumatic learning events (adverse learning experiences or ALEs); and (3) informed by ALEs, residents prepared for their rotation by focusing heavily on their most basic level of physiological needs and adopting a survival mindset prior to the start of the rotation. These three themes led to a substantive, or working, theory that ALE-associated events may affect how residents approach upcoming learning opportunities. Consequently, adapting a trauma-informed approach as a component of medical education may improve resident learning experiences in the PICU and beyond.
Tilings and traces
Authors: Treviño Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with (globally) random substitutions on a finite set of prototiles. Using renormalization tools applied to objects from operator algebras, we establish upper and lower bounds on the rate of deviations of ergodic averages for the uniquely ergodic Rd action on the tiling spaces obtained from such tilings. We apply the results to obtain statements about the convergence rates for integrated density of states for random Schrödinger operators obtained from aperiodic tilings in the construction.
An ion trap apparatus with high optical access in multiple directions
Authors: He Ran , Cui Jin-Ming , Li Rui-Rui , Qian Zhong-Hua , Chen Yan , Ai Ming-Zhong , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: July 2021

Optical controls provided by lasers are the most important and essential techniques in trapped ion and cold atom systems. It is crucial to increase the optical accessibility of the setup to enhance these optical capabilities. Here, we present the design and construction of a new segmented-blade ion trap integrated with a compact glass vacuum cell, in place of the conventional bulky metal vacuum chamber. The distance between the ion and four outside surfaces of the glass cell is 15 mm, which enables us to install four high-numerical-aperture (NA) lenses (with two NA ⩽ 0.32 lenses and two NA ⩽ 0.66 lenses) in two orthogonal transverse directions, while leaving enough space for laser beams in the oblique and longitudinal directions. The high optical accessibility in multiple directions allows the application of small laser spots for addressable Raman operations, programmable optical tweezer arrays, and efficient fluorescence collection simultaneously. We have successfully loaded and cooled a string of 174Yb+ and 171Yb+ ions in the trap, which verifies the trapping stability. This compact high-optical-access trap setup not only can be used as an extendable module for quantum information processing but also facilitates experimental studies on quantum chemistry in a cold hybrid ion-atom system.
Study of the characteristic differences of positive and negative half-cycles from atmospheric pressure glow discharge driven by resonant AC voltage
Authors: Wang Yongsheng , Liu Wen , Ding Weidong
Published: July 2021

There are many advantages in obtaining low-temperature plasmas that are rich in active particles by atmospheric pressure glow discharge, so there has been a lot of research on the acquisition method and application of it. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanism of atmospheric pressure glow discharge driven by an AC resonant power supply. In this paper, we describe our study of the characteristic differences between half-cycle positive and negative atmospheric pressure glow discharges driven in open air by an AC resonant power supply, and we describe our analysis of the associated physical mechanism. The comparison and analysis of experimental results indicate that both positive-cycle and negative-cycle discharges led to typical glow discharge and no streamer discharge appeared in the discharge process. There were still charged particles in the discharge channel when the discharge current was zero. With increasing amplitude of the output voltage of the power supply, the glow area near the electrode surface and the plasma distribution area in the discharge channel increased. When the output voltage of the power supply was low, the negative polarity discharge was more likely to form in the gap of the pin-to-plate electrode. In the AC discharge process, the α-mode discharge was dominant, and the developing speed of the positive-cycle discharge was faster than that of the negative-cycle discharge. The polarity effect became less obvious with the increase in the output voltage amplitude of the power supply.
Magnetically collimated relativistic charge-neutral electron–positron beams from high-power lasers
Authors: Peebles J. L. , Fiksel G. , Edwards M. R. , von der Linden J. , Willingale L. , Mastrosimone D. , Chen Hui
Published: July 2021

We report the observation of charge-neutral MeV electron–positron beams from magnetically collimated laser-driven pair-production experiments. Relativistic pairs of electrons were generated from laser–solid interactions in an external 13-T mirror field. The pairs were subsequently confined, deflected, or collimated depending on the particle energy and field strength and measured by a magnetic particle spectrometer. Equal quantities of positrons and electrons were measured in the collimated beams with an energy around 13 MeV along the magnetic mirror axis.
Low-frequency, spanwise oscillation in a finite-width cavity at Mach 1.5
Authors: Turpin Aaron M. , Speth Rachelle L. , Sherer Scott E. , Granlund Kenneth O.
Published: July 2021

A joint experimental–computational program examined low-frequency, spanwise oscillations in supersonic flow over a finite-width cavity. Lowpass-filtered rear wall surface pressure revealed that shear layer impingement was most often biased to one side of the wall, switching sides at a frequency two orders of magnitude below resonance. Therefore, a bifurcation into two spanwise-asymmetric, mirrored, quasi-steady states could be defined. The states were described by biased impingement/ejection near the rear wall, asymmetry of the shear layer, and centrifugal inner-cavity flow. Resonance amplitudes were also found to be spatially modulated by the low-frequency flow switching. A yawed inflow was found to force one of the asymmetric states.
Multimodal FACED imaging for large-scale single-cell morphological profiling
Authors: Yip Gwinky G. K. , Lo Michelle C. K. , Yan Wenwei , Lee Kelvin C. M. , Lai Queenie T. K. , Wong Kenneth K. Y. , Tsia Kevin K.
Published: July 2021

Free-space angular-chirp-enhanced delay (FACED) is an ultrafast laser-scanning technique that allows for high imaging speed at the scale orders of magnitude greater than the current technologies. However, this speed advantage has only been restricted to bright-field and fluorescence imaging—limiting the variety of image contents and hindering its applicability in image-based bioassay, which increasingly demands rich phenotypic readout at a large scale. Here, we present a new high-speed quantitative phase imaging (QPI) based on time-interleaved phase-gradient FACED image detection. We further integrate this system with a microfluidic flow cytometer platform that enables synchronized and co-registered single-cell QPI and fluorescence imaging at an imaging throughput of 77 000 cells/s with sub-cellular resolution. Combined with deep learning, this platform empowers comprehensive image-based profiling of single-cell biophysical phenotypes that can offer not only sufficient label-free power for cell-type classification but also cell-cycle phase tracking with high accuracy comparable to the gold-standard fluorescence method. This platform further enables correlative, compartment-specific single-cell analysis of the spatially resolved biophysical profiles at the throughput inaccessible with existing QPI methods. The high imaging throughput and content given by this multimodal FACED imaging system could open new opportunities in image-based single-cell analysis, especially systematic analysis that correlates the biophysical and biochemical information of cells, and provide new mechanistic insights into biophysical heterogeneities in many biological processes.
Many-body dissipative particle dynamics study of the local slippage over superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Ren Liuzhen , Hu Haibao , Bao Luyao , Zhang Mengzhuo , Wen Jun , Xie Luo
Published: July 2021

The gas–liquid interface (GLI) over superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs), where the flow slips, is the key to reduce frictional drag in underwater applications. Many-body dissipative particle dynamics simulations are used to explore the slip behavior of a shear flow over a rectangular grooved SHS, and a flat GLI is obtained by tuning the contact angle of the GLI. Due to the slip, the normal profiles of the local velocity, which are perpendicular to the GLI, are curved and shifted away from the linear form near the GLI. Then, a polynomial function is proposed to fit the velocity profile to extract the local shear rate and calculate the slip length. Based on this fitting method, a hybrid slip boundary condition is derived for both longitudinal and transverse flows. That is, the shear stress and slip length are finite near the groove edge, and the stress is nearly zero and the slip length is infinite in the center region of the GLI. This new hybrid slip boundary condition not only explains the inconsistent slip conditions reported in the literature under different groove length scales, but also unifies the existing exclusive slip assumptions.
Solution to the Kramers barrier crossing problem caused by two noises: Thermal noise and Poisson white noise
Authors: Gera Tarun , Sebastian K. L.
Published: July 2021

We consider the escape of a particle trapped in a metastable potential well and acted upon by two noises. One of the noises is thermal and the other is Poisson white noise, which is non-Gaussian. Using path integral techniques, we find an analytic solution to this generalization of the classic Kramers barrier crossing problem. Using the “barrier climbing” path, we calculate the activation exponent. We also derive an approximate expression for the prefactor. The calculated results are compared with the simulations, and a good agreement between the two is found. Our results show that, unlike in the case of thermal noise, the rate depends not just on the barrier height but also on the shape of the whole barrier. A comparison between the simulations and the theory also shows that a better approximation for the prefactor is needed for agreement for all values of the parameters.
Large core multimode fiber with high bandwidth and high connector tolerance for broadband short distance communications
Authors: Li Kangmei , Chen Xin , Zakharian Aramais R. , Hurley Jason E. , Stone Jeffery S. , Li Ming-Jun
Published: July 2021

We propose a large core multimode fiber with 100-µm core diameter for short distance communication that is compatible with existing transceivers designed for 50-µm diameter core multimode fibers. The fiber exhibits a bandwidth that is over four times higher than the 50-µm OM4 fiber, low bending loss, and large connector offset tolerance. We have studied the bandwidth capability through both detailed modeling and experiments. A prototype fiber was fabricated, and it achieves 24 GHz km peak modal bandwidth in the 850 nm window, and the wavelength window with bandwidth above 5 GHz km is more than 100 nm. The bending losses of the fiber measured at 850 and 1300 nm with an encircled flux launch condition exceed the requirements for bending insensitive multimode fibers. The fiber has much higher connector offset tolerance compared to conventional 50-µm diameter core fibers as has been exhibited by modeling and experimental study. The additional loss caused by up to 10-µm connector offset is only 0.3 dB. Transmission experiments using 25 G SR and 100 G shortwave wavelength division multiplexing transceivers over such a fiber show error-free performance over 500 and 300 m, respectively. The proposed large core multimode fiber can address versatile needs in short distance communication including the bandwidth for high data rate transmission and a wide wavelength window for wavelength multiplexed transmission. The large connector tolerance and low bending loss can also enable low cost, compact connectivity solutions with passive alignment and ease of handling.
A constitutive equation for fiber suspensions in viscoelastic media
Authors: Tseng Huan-Chang
Published: July 2021

A viscosity overshoot of fibers filled in a polymer melt under a shear flow is much tougher to predict via the existing constitutive equations of suspension rheology in a viscous media, owing to the effect of fiber orientation on the viscoelastic behavior. The WMT-X (White–Metzner model eXtended by Tseng) viscoelastic fluid model coupled with the typical Dinh–Armstrong fiber suspension model, known as the suspended WMT-X model, is proposed herein. The primary procedure involves verifying the lower viscosity of the completely aligned suspension compared to that of the randomly oriented suspension. In addition, the viscosity overshoot depends on the off-diagonal orientation tensor component in the flow-gradient plane. As a validation, the numerical predictions of transient shear viscosity are in good agreement with the related experimental data.
Breakthrough instruments and products: Scientific imaging in the short-wave infrared with the NIRvana family of SWIR cameras
Authors: Keal Louis
Published: July 2021

The Short-Wave Infrared Range (SWIR) from 900 to 1700 nm offers many unique opportunities for discovery in scientific imaging. However, the indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) cameras capable of detecting this wavelength range typically suffer from excessive noise and image artifacts, making scientific imaging challenging. The NIRvana family of InGaAs cameras from Teledyne Princeton Instruments offer “SWIR for Science,” through cutting-edge sensor cooling, thermal management, sensor shielding, and image corrections.
Spectral expansions of open and dispersive optical systems: Gaussian regularization and convergence
Authors: Stout B , Colom R , Bonod N , McPhedran R C
Published: July 2021

Resonant states (RS), also known as quasi-normal modes, arise in spectral expansions of linear response functions of open systems. Manipulation of these spatially ‘divergent’ oscillating functions requires a departure from the usual definitions of inner product, normalization and orthogonality typical in the studies of closed systems. A multipolar Gaussian regularization method for RS inner products is introduced in the context of light scattering and shown to provide analytical results for the crucial RS inner product integrals in the problematic region exterior to the scattering system. We detail the applicability of this method to arbitrary scattering geometries while providing semi-analytic benchmark results for spherical scatterers. This formulation is then used to highlight the lack of ‘convergence’ in directly truncated RS spectral expansions and the necessity of adding non-resonant contributions to the RS spectral expansions. Solutions to these difficulties are illustrated in the case of dispersive media spheres, but these methods should prove generalizable to arbitrary RS spectral expansions.
Geospatial assessment of the economic opportunity for reforestation in Maryland, USA
Authors: Lamb Rachel L , Ma Lei , Sahajpal Ritvik , Edmonds Jae , Hultman Nathan E , Dubayah Ralph O , Kennedy Jennifer , Hurtt George C
Published: July 2021

Afforestation and reforestation have the potential to provide effective climate mitigation through forest carbon sequestration. Strategic reforestation activities, which account for both carbon sequestration potential (CSP) and economic opportunity, can provide attractive options for policymakers who must manage competing social and environmental goals. In particular, forest carbon pricing can incentivize reforestation on private land, but this may require landholders to forego other profits. Here, we utilize an ambitious geospatial approach to quantify economic opportunities for reforestation in the state of Maryland (USA) based on high-resolution remoting sensing, ecosystem modeling, and economic analysis. Our results identify spatially-explicit areas of economic opportunity where the potential revenue from forest carbon outcompetes the expected profit of existing cropland at the hectare scale. Specifically, we find that under a baseline economic scenario of $20 per ton of carbon (5% rental rate) and decadal average crop profitability, a transition to forest on agricultural land would be more profitable than 23.2% of cropland in Maryland under a 20 year land-use commitment. Accounting for variations in carbon and crop pricing, 5.5%–55.4% of cropland would be immediately outcompeted by expected forest carbon revenue, with the potential for an additional 0.5%–10.6% of outcompeted cropland within 20 years. Under the baseline economic scenario, an annual allocation of $5.8 million towards a carbon rental program could protect 6.93 Tg C (3.4% of the state’s total remaining CSP) on reforested croplands. This moderate yearly cost is equal to 9.7% of Maryland’s average annual auction proceeds from participation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (between 2014 and 2018), and 19.3% of the average annual subsidy payments for corn, soy, and wheat allocated over the same period. This methodological approach may be useful for state governments, not-for-profit organizations, or regional climate initiatives interested in identifying strategic areas for reforestation.
Spatial clustering of hazardous waste, water, air violations in the US
Authors: Hui Iris , Coyle John , Ryzhik Abraham
Published: July 2021

We examine spatial patterns of three types of Environmental Protection Agency violation, hazardous waste, water, and air quality, at the facility level. Since facilities operate independently, our null hypothesis is that their violations should be spatially randomly distributed. That is, we do not expect to observe spatial clusters of violations. In addition, systemic factors such as socio-demographic characteristics as well as environmental justice indices should not correlate with violations. Empirically, we find both hypotheses are refuted. Our findings confirm that environmental inequalities have been exacerbated by underlying social vulnerabilities, particularly in the case of Native Indian territories, which consistently show a disproportionately high number of environmental violations. We identify ‘hot spots’, spatial clusters where the number of violations is higher than expected in such a way that cannot be explained by socio-demographic or environmental factors. These hot spots call for local case studies to further investigate causes of spatial clustering of violations.
Faults Diagnosis of BLDC Motors Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Hussain Hager Ali , Hussain Ali Nasser , Abed Wathiq Rafia
Published: July 2021

Recently, brushless DC motor (BLDC) has been implemented in many applications, especially critical applications. Due to many reasons, BLDC motor subjects to many types of faults including electrical and mechanical faults, therefore detect and diagnosis faults is very important in order to keep safety to the motor also reduce cost and maintenance. In this paper, an approach has been presented to diagnose the stator winding faults, control circuit switches fault and bearing faults. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been applied to diagnose faults at different operation conditions. The simulation result shows the ability of the proposed technique to diagnose faults with high accuracy.
Simulink Implementation of Voltage Stability Improvements Using STATCOM based 5-level Diode Clamped Converter
Authors: Hassan Prof. Dr. Raa , Shyaa Suha Sabah
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a STATCOM based on Five-level Diode Clamped Multilevel Converter is used to maintain the bus voltage at specific bus bar in a suggested grid under various abnormal conditions like 2-phase to ground fault, load disturbance and source disturbance. The suggested grid consists of a single machine, transmission line and loads. The compensation procedure is carried out and compared between the two suggested control methods, the first method was the traditional control method using Phase Shifted-PWM controller which is used to improve the voltage profile. The Second one was the Finite Set-Model Predictive Controller for improving the voltage profile. The simulation results show that the two methods provided significant improvements of the bus voltage profile. Moreover, the improvement of voltage profile using FS-MPC method is less over shoot and attains a steady state better than the conventional PS-PWM when the system is subjected under many disturbances. The results of the harmonic effect show low values of total harmonic distortion (THD) of supply voltage and current.
A comparative Analysis of Multi-Level Inverters Supplied by Photovoltaic Panels based on THD and Filter Size by using POD-SPWM Technique
Authors: Khalif Haider Ali , Abed Jameel Kadhim , Mahdi Ali Jafer
Published: July 2021

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power is one of the favourable renewable energy resources in the globe especially in Iraq. The main benefits of solar energy are dependability and availability. The important roles for construction of a PV power plant are decreasing the cost of its components, simplifying the complexity of its controllers and improving its performance to meet the grid standards. In this paper, single stage PV Generators (PVGs) connected with Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHB-MLI) are designed and analyzed. Four MLI topologies are demonstrated, which are three, five, seven and nine levels, for improving the efficiency of multilevel inverter, reducing drop voltage and total harmonic distortion (THD) value for the output voltage and current by decreasing the inductance value of L filter in load side. In this paper, Phase Opposition Disposition based on Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM) technique is used to control the proposed MLI circuits. In this technique, the reference signal is a modulating sine of 50 Hz frequency is compared with a carrier signals of 50 kHz to produce optimal switching combinations that achieve numerous levels of output voltage. Simulation work is done using the MATLAB software. The simulation results confirm that the performance and the cost of nine-level topology is improved compared with the three, five and seven levels topologies.
An Experimental Research on Design and Development Diversified Controllers for Tri-copter Stability Comparison
Authors: Raheema Sadiq Jawad , Saleh Muna Hadi
Published: July 2021

The drones have become the focus of researchers’ attention because they enter into many details of life. The Tri-copter was chosen because it combines the advantages of the quadcopter in stability and manoeuvrability quickly. In this paper, the nonlinear Tri-copter model is entirely derived and applied three controllers; Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Fractional Order PID (FOPID), and Nonlinear PID (NLPID). The tuning process for the controllers’ parameters had been tuned by using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. Then the results obtained had been compared. Where the improvement rate for the Tri-copter model of the nonlinear controller (NLPID) if compared with the linear controller is (81.69%). Also, compared the paper results with the previous work results, where the greatest improvement in the stability of the Tri-copter model was (94.2 %) in the nonlinear controller and for traditional PID controller was (79.22).
Detect The Variation of Maximum Power Point of the PV Module Under Different Factor of Shading
Authors: Abdulemam Duaa Muslim , Abed Issa Ahmed , Hassan Kadhim H.
Published: July 2021

A simulation-based study under partial shading condition is presented for a photovoltaic (PV) module in this paper. In a solar photovoltaic module, some of its cells may fall into the shadow. With multiple peaks, the PV characteristic gets more complex under partial shading conditions. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effects which can cause partial shading in a PV module. Where is done through Simulation by MATLAB / Simscape. Under partial shading and uniform irradiation, the characteristics of the PV module are compared. All results are displayed in graphical forms to demonstrate the outcomes.
A Review of an Invasive and Non-invasive Automatic Confusion Detection Techniques
Authors: Ibrahim F , Mutashar S , Hamed B
Published: July 2021

Human mind confusion was found one of the primary causes of minimal execution in any type of everyday assignment that requires reasoning or during any learning process. Detecting confusion is important, and it plays a vital role in student e-learning environment. Detecting confusion by computerized machinery is challenging since it requires artificial intelligence methodology, and it has many advantages, which are highlighted in this work. The computerized confusion detection techniques are classified into two categories, sensor based and extraction of facial visual cues, in the paper, with elaborating on their details. The different confusion detection techniques that have been used in some previous research works with their classification technique, number of participants, accuracy and feature type were listed and compared to investigate the better technique, and recommendation was stated. This review would absolutely rapid researchers to supplement their efforts towards the expansion of automatic confusion detection systems.
Determining the best location for indoor access point based on received signal strength
Authors: Salman Hassanein H , Mosleh Mahmood F , Mutlag Ammar Hussein
Published: July 2021

Recently, a massive demand for wireless communication for big data transfer has risen. However, the interface and high noise stem from a large number of wireless local area networks require a better improvement of our own wireless devices; one of the best solutions is to locate an optimal location for the access point to achieve good received signal strength. In this research, a case study of a large house is simulated using Wireless Insite software to find the optimum location of the access point to investigate better coverage area. In addition, the performance of wave propagation for frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz are carried out to show the differences between them. The results help to find the optimum location that gives optimal coverage area. Also, the results show that using 5 GHz leads to significant attenuation in received power by about 12.744%; this means that the transmitted power of the 5 GHz has to be increased by the same percentage to achieve the same coverage area when using 2.4 GHz.
High Band Rejection Improvement for Coupled Line Using Defected Ground Structure Technology
Authors: Yousif Ameer Basheer , Ezzulddin Dr. Ahmed Saadoon
Published: July 2021

In this article a high band rejection has been achieved by using Defected Ground Structure (DGS) technology depending on adding couple poles to improve the inverter and resonator, it will get a high rejection characteristic with good return loss by using this technology. The proposed coupling filter applied to a bandpass diplexer filter with two bands of 2.6 GHz and 6 GHz implemented on RO4350 substrate has a dielectric constant of 3.67 with 14×75 mm overall dimensions. The design technique for the suggested coupled - line filter is implemented based on the theory of coupled - line filters and the DGS equivalent circuit. The simulation results after using DGS show better agreements with theoretical results.
Multibiometric System for Iris Recognition Based Convolutional Neural Network and Transfer Learning
Authors: Therar Huda Moyasar , Mohammed Lect. Dr. Emad Ahmed , Ali Asst. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Jadaan
Published: July 2021

Multimodal biometric methods have been commonly used by several implementations because of its capability to work with a variety of important drawbacks in unimodal biometric methods, such as noise affectability, populace coverage, intraclass variety, vulnerability to spoofing, and non-universality. In this research, a multimodal biometric realtime method is suggested depending upon the design of a deep learning model for pictures of a person’s (right & left) irises. This system has been implemented by combining the characteristics of convolution neural networks and transfer learning techniques. Through this research, the training system focused on a collection of the back_propagation technique with Adam’s optimization approach utilized to modify weights and adjust learning rates during the learning process. The efficiency of the system is examined on two public datasets obtained in various conditions: IITD and CASIA-Iris-V3 Interval. The implemented system gives an accuracy of 99% for both left & right IITD iris datasets and accuracy of (94% and 93%) for the left and right iris for CASIA-iris-V3 interval datasets respectively after training. An OpenCV library for image pre-processing, Keras, and sci-kit learn python libraries for feature extraction and recognition has been utilized.
Design and implementation of IoT based environment pollution monitoring system: A case study of Iraq
Authors: Al-jarakh Taha E , Hussein Osama A , Al-azzawi Alaa K , Mosleh Mahmood F
Published: July 2021

Researches confirm the existence of widespread pollution in Iraq, where a large number of citizens suffer from symptoms related to environmental pollutants. This is accompanied by the lack of an integrated monitoring system that provides wide-scale, real-time monitoring of air pollution for pollutants (Particulate Matter (PM), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Ground-Level Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), ionizing radiation). In this paper, an integrated system was designed and implemented to meet the requirements of air pollution monitoring in Iraq on a wide-scale and provide its results in real-time to the end-users in community service as a significant step towards smart cities. Distributed computing concepts and design patterns were used to realize the system in the form of web services along with the embedded sensing units. Where the readings from the former are sent in real-time to the later to be aggregated and analysed in database systems. Reporting services are run on the data in web-services to inform the citizens with the air quality, radioactively polluted areas, and provide real-time alerts and recommendations to those with respiratory diseases.
Design and Implementation of Hardware to Perform Testing the Matching Packet Header Based on FPGA
Authors: Özbek Assist. Prof. Mehmet Efe , Al-Obaidi Anwer Sabah
Published: July 2021

The hardware architecture of the parallel process multiple RAM that emulates the behaviors of content addressable memory for packet classification is presents in this paper. With the increase in Internet networks’ speed, the speed of detection of intruders has become a basic requirement. In this work, a packet header field is used in a fast and efficient way to detect intruders to prevent them from accessing the data. The application test results were fast and compatible when used FPGA board technique from xilinx. Finally, the design, synthesis of this parallel process multiple RAM packet header detector has been achieved using Vivado 2018.2 simulator, and coding is written in Verilog HDL language and implemented on Virtex – 7 FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) kit.
Investigation of Water Vapour Harvesting Unit Using Solar Energy
Authors: Hussein Saja A. , Khalifa Abdul Hadi N. , Faraj Johain J.
Published: July 2021

water-harvesting unit is built and the effects of design parameters are studied experimentally and theoretically under Baghdad conditions (33. 3°N, 44.33° E). The unit consists of desiccant materials contained in many trays that enclosed in a metal container covered by a glass cover. The desiccant materials aim to adsorb the water vapor that associated with the air, an axial fan is used to blow the ambient air over the desiccant. The unit container is built from aluminum of 0.6 mm thickness; the dimensions of the container are 27 cm wide, 93cm length and 10 cm height. Two gets are installed in the unit for the inlet and outlet of air. The front face of the container is covered by a glass cover of 4 mm thickness. Different types of desiccant materials are used to adsorb the water vapour from the air, namely; silica gel powder, silica gel pellets, zeolite 13X, zeolite 3A and MCM-41 Nano powder. The effect of the mass flow rate of air over the desiccant materials and the types of desiccant material on the amount of freshwater production is studied in this work. Tóth model is used to build a mathematical of the adsorption/desorption process. The mathematical model aims to cover the performance of the water-harvesting unit around the year. The results show that the maximum daily production of the water-harvesting unit using MCM-41 is 0.5 kgw/kgads when the mass flow rate of air is 14 kg/hr, as the mass flow rate of air increases more than 14 kg/hr the daily water production reduces. The use of other desiccant materials like Zeolites and silica gels shows encourage results in the daily production of water of less than 0.1 kgw/kgads. The mathematical modelling of the water-harvesting unit shows the maximum water production about 0.55 kgw/kgads in December. The error between the experimental and mathematical models for daily water production is in the range of 12.5 to 17.8% for the desiccant materials used in this work.
Investigation The performance of a Linear Fresnel Solar Concentrator Integrated with an Adsorption Refrigeration Cycle
Authors: Hussein Ahmed , Qasim Ahmed , Mohammed Aedah
Published: July 2021

A large amount of the energy produced is used for heating and cooling application. Many studies at the present time are looking for ways to reduce this consumption or use a renewable energy source to reduce dependence on fossil fuel energy. In this research, the used of solar energy to power a hybrid adsorption ice-maker, a linear Fresnel solar concentrator type, with a total area of 5 m2, is used for this purpose The concentrator was designed, built and conducting an experimental study in Baghdad (latitude 33.33 and longitude 44.14) for the solar system that which is consisting of the concentrator with a double absorber type evacuated tube has been used, tank, pump and accessories to investigate the performance of the system and the effect of the water flow on the unit performance. The performance of the adsorption system is studied theoretically. The adsorption system works with the activated carbonmethanol pair the mass of activated carbon is 0.5 and while the mass of methanol is 1.6 kg. The experimental work was achieved at July 2019 and the results showed that the maximum temperature of the water inside the tank obtained was 95 °C when the rate of water flow through the collector loop was 0.5 kg/min and that the maximum thermal efficiency was about 40% at the same flow amount. The theoretical results showed that the best coefficient of performance for the adsorption refrigeration system was 0.43 at the generator temperature of 95 °C and the condensing temperature of 30 °C.