bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Technoference, Work-Family Interface, and Telework in the Age of 4IR
Authors: Turan Seda Gokce
Published: October 2020

In the age of 4IR, working life is generally characterized by penetration of technological devices and online platforms to individuals' social lives through teleworking. There is no consensus about teleworking whether it has negative or positive impacts on work-life balance of employees. Since teleworking is directly related with technological devices, researchers discuss technoference and its effects on teleworkers' lives. So, in terms of its impact, teleworking and work-family interface should be taken into consideration with the concept of technoference. This chapter will analyze the relationship between teleworking and work-family interface in the context of technoference in depth. Due to pervasiveness of teleworking at the age of 4IR, this analysis seems like a necessity for both individuals and companies in terms of teleworkers' work-family satisfaction. Suggestions and protection methods in order to decrease negative impacts of teleworking will also be discussed.
Gender Inequality in the Indonesian Labor Market
Authors: Ngadi Ngadi , Asiati Devi , Latifa Ade , Nawawi Nawawi
Published: October 2020

Indonesia has committed to embody gender equality in the labor market through gender mainstreaming programs in all sectors. Nevertheless, the reality indicates that gender inequality in the labor market still exists. This chapter aims to discuss various issues of gender inequality in the Indonesian labor market in the agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors. The data used for the analysis is the 2016 national labor force survey. The survey covered 82,613 workers with 31,256 of them from the agricultural sector, 14,835 from the manufacturing sector and 36,522 from the services sector. The analysis shows the dominance of male labor in all the sectors with the lowest proportion of female workers occurs in the manufacturing sector (27.1%) followed by the agricultural sector (37.5%) and the services (46.5%). Based on the type of position, men are more dominant in strategic positions in all the three sectors. The highest wage disparity between women and men takes place in the agricultural sector followed by the manufacturing and the services.
Upshot of Gender Inequalities Towards Labor Markets
Authors: R. Gayathri , C. Vijayabanu
Published: October 2020

Globalization has accelerated the pace of innovation and technology and has paved the way for new business across all countries. Gender (in)equality and empowerment of women is the most discussed and debated topic worldwide. To survive in a dynamic environment with enormous impediments in the form of societal, political, economic, legal, and technological environment is the biggest challenge. To prevail over this, there is an imperative need to discard old prejudices and accept innovative thinking and resolutions. The purpose of this chapter is to throw light on the subjugation of women across all sectors. The reports from various countries are scrutinized. The chapter studies the linkage of various aspects that hinder the progress of oneself and the economy at large and to put forward different techniques for inclusive growth of women with enhanced economic growth. To accomplish gender equality, we need to focus on the gaps that have remained as an impediment for further development
Assessing the Environmental and Social Obstacles to Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Elahi Nazima , Malik Qaisar Ali
Published: October 2020

Economic development is an ultimate goal of developing countries and utilization of human capital to achieve this goal is accepted vital globally. Entrepreneurship, recognized as a central force to bring economic growth, needs more women to be involved in this context. Studies on female-entrepreneurs are missing for developing countries, especially in the context of Pakistan. Therefore, this study is aimed to find the social and environmental factors acting as hindrance to female-entrepreneurship development in Pakistan. Primary data is collected from five major divisions of Pakistan involving 200 social entrepreneurs engaged in running their businesses and contributing towards the social well-being of society. The findings highlighting the major environmental and social factors are generalized and presented against each division in results section. It is concluded that access to finance, social norms, lack of adequate infrastructure, registration facilities, access to marketing, and acknowledgment are among the major factors, which deter their entrepreneurship development.
Women Empowerment Initiatives and Socio-Economic Development
Authors: Gupta Anviti , Gupta Alok
Published: October 2020

Empowered women encourage economic development and assist in making stable societies, and everyone benefits from the growth and stability that empowered women add to the economy. According to a study by McKinsey, if the economic participation of women is promoted globally, especially in developing countries, then it might enhance world economic growth by $28 trillion dollars by 2025. In Uzbekistan disparities exist between men and women in education, health, employment and income opportunities, control over assets, personal security, and participation in the political process in the country. The women come across significant barriers which deter her to participate fully and freely in contributing to the economic growth of the country. The stereotypical image of women, where we revere her mainly as a mother, the guardian of family wellbeing, is rooted in the minds of people; it is true, but in today's world, she should not be an inactive bystander, but an active and proactive contributor in the currently going on democratic transformations in the country. There is no denying the fact that Uzbek women have made a considerable progress in the last few years, but they have to struggle against many handicaps and social evils in the male-dominated society. The empowerment of women is one of the solutions to the problems of inequality, subordination, and marginalization. A critical problem and a high priority for the Government of Uzbekistan are to improve women's role and empower them to take part in the economic growth of the world. This chapter speaks about the government initiatives in empowering Uzbek women and bringing gender equality in the society. The data for the chapter was collected from secondary sources. The objectives of this article are to examine and analyse the initiatives taken by Uzbek government and other UN bodies for gender equality and women empowerment. The same strategies can be replicated in other parts of Central Asia where women are still not treated equally and can be empowered to contribute to the socioeconomic growth. The current research may suggest the authorities and civil society organizations to improve and implement inventive methodologies to attain gender equality, advancement, and peace.
A History of the United States Women's Bureau 1917-1930
Authors: Attwood Adam I.
Published: October 2020

This chapter provides historical analysis of the United States Women's Bureau focusing on its role in women's rights, immigration, and economic advancement in the United States from 1917-1930. The decade of the 1920s dawned on August 18, 1920 with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granting women the right to vote in every state. But there was another, less known victory that had already occurred on June 5, 1920, one that was pivotal in the trajectory of the next phase of the women's rights movement throughout the 1920s: House Resolution 13229.
Role of Mentorship and Reflection in Leading Learning Through Making
Authors: Lock Jennifer , Fedorko-Bartos Kristi-Mari , Turner Kristal Louise , Wise Kathy
Published: October 2020

There is a growing trend of learning through making in P-16 education in both formal and informal learning environments. In the informal learning environments, who provides support and mentorship for learning through making? In this chapter, the authors report on a maker mentor pilot project using a self-study methodology. This initiative was designed to develop knowledge and skills using a mentoring approach to support learning through making with pre-service and in-service teachers, and to model reflective practice. Using a reflective process, they share insights into the work of maker mentors, what worked well, as well as recommendations to enhance this mentoring initiative. They conclude with three implications for practice in support of the role of maker mentors.
Behavioral Innovations in Computer Science and Computational Thinking in P-16 Education
Authors: Awoyemi Richard Oluwadolapo , Awoyemi Robert Akinade
Published: October 2020

This chapter is based on the behavioral innovations of students and teachers in P-16 education with regards to computer science (CS) and computational thinking (CT). Beyond racial and gender bias, the behavior of students and teachers towards new ideas has been noted to have a substantial effect on accessing of CS and CT. When students and teachers are presented with new ideas, a series of complex mental processes are always carried out in order to reinforce their acceptance or disregard of such ideas. With deep insights into concepts such as technological pedagogical content knowledge framework (TPACK), computer-mediated classroom, computer-oriented teachers, and computer-oriented students, this chapter will further anticipate the equity of computer science in P-16 education.
Conceptualizing Policy in Value Sensitive Design
Authors: Umbrello Steven
Published: October 2020

The value sensitive design (VSD) approach to designing emerging technologies for human values is taken as the object of study in this chapter. VSD has traditionally been conceptualized as another type of technology or instrumentally as a tool. The various parts of VSD's principled approach would then aim to discern the various policy requirements that any given technological artifact under consideration would implicate. Yet, little to no consideration has been given to how laws, policies, and social norms engage within VSD practices, similarly, how the interactive nature of the VSD approach can, in turn, influence those directives. This is exacerbated when considering machine ethics policy that has global consequences outside their development spheres. This chapter begins with the VSD approach and aims to determine how policies come to influence how values can be managed within VSD practices. It shows that the interactional nature of VSD permits and encourages existing policies to be integrated early on and throughout the design process.
Introduction to Nanowires
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Kumar Parveen , Raj Balwinder
Published: October 2020

This chapter describes nanowires (NWs), their types, characteristic features, and their use in sensor and transistor applications as well. Introductory part in general explains briefly about nanowires (NWs), their characteristics features, types, as well as their most significant properties. The types of nanowires (NWs) can be of conducting materials such as Ni, Pt, Au; semiconducting materials like Si, InP, GaN; as well as insulating materials like that of SiO2, TiO2, etc. The property of nanowires includes mechanical, electrical, chemical, optical, and thermal properties. Also, a small description of nanowires (NWs) and sensors are explained with their performance parameters. Furthermore, nanowires (NWs)-based transistors are discussed in addition with their characteristics and applications. Finally, this chapter concludes with the significance of nanowires (NWs) in contemporary era.
Soft Error-Resilient RHBD16T SRAM Cell in 32nm Technology
Authors: Kaushal Gaurav , Murgan Balamurugan , Pattanaik Manisha , Naga Raghuram Chinnapurapu , Rathod Surendra Singh
Published: October 2020

Radiation environment generates high soft error rates in conventional SRAM. To overcome this issue, several radiation hardened by design SRAM circuits (12TRHBD, 13TRHBD, DICE, etc.) have been developed. Although many of the radiation hardened SRAM cells are there, all the circuits mainly concern a single node upset only. In this chapter, 16T radiation hardened static random-access memory bit cell is designed and verified for a single node and multi-node upset. RHBD 16T bit cell is designed with SAED-PDK 32nm technology and compared with recently reported RHBD 12T and has a 99% improvement in recovery rate. Simulation results show that RHBD 16T is more resilient to a single node and multi-node upset. This shows that the proposed RHBD16T cell is highly tolerant against radiation strikes.
A Pedagogical Model to Integrate Computational Thinking Logic to First Year Design Studio
Authors: Güzelci Orkan Zeynel , Çetinel Meltem
Published: October 2020

Today, computational thinking and computational design approaches transform almost all stages of architectural practice and education. In this context, since students are most likely to encounter computers, in this study, the approach of teaching students computational design logic is adopted instead of teaching how to use computers only as a drafting or representation tool. This study focuses on developing a pedagogical model that aims to teach computational thinking logic and analog computing through a design process. The proposed model consists of four modules as follows: abstraction of music and text (Module 1), decomposition of buildings (Module 2), analysis of body-space (Module 3), design of a space by the help of spatial patterns (Module 4). The proposed model is applied to first-year students in Interior Design Studio in the 2019-2020 fall semester. As a result of Module 4, students designed both anticipated and unanticipated spaces in an algorithmic way.
Triz Model Approach for Conceptualizing Household Furniture With a Disassembling Design
Authors: Estrada Omar Eduardo Sánchez , Aragon Josué Deniss Rojas , Pérez Mario Gerson Urbina
Published: October 2020

This chapter is intended to present the main criteria of the systematized method to solve TRIZ inventive problems, as a tool that can be used when conceptualizing furniture for environmentally low impact homes with a design that can be disassembled. Detailed study of the TRIZ principle applicability facilitates identifying knowledge organization to solve technical problems of great difficulty, as well as creative strategical processes to answer questioning about shape, materials, interfaces, technical viability, and understanding of furniture functions. In order to strengthen the design's creative process, application of the 4 properties to determine easiness of disassembling are considered, as proposed by Johansson and Björkman, which are 1. identification easiness; 2. accessibility; 3. separation easiness; and 4. handling easiness; likewise, contextual and conceptual analysis is considered for the beginning, development and conclusion of the project.
Exploring the Relation Between the Digital Divide and Government's Effort to Develop E-Participation
Authors: Perez-Morote Rosario , Rosa Carolina Pontones , Cortes Esteban Alfaro
Published: October 2020

According to the digital divide theory, the provision of opportunities to broaden participation in political processes pose a challenge for governments worldwide. In this research, the authors analyze the relationship between the evolution governments' effort to develop citizen e-participation in public policy—measured through the UN's e-participation index—and that of national contexts variables identified by the digital divide theory at country level, using panel data for 178 countries over the period 2008-2016. The results confirm the strong and positive connection between EPI and economic development and technological infrastructure of the countries, ageing population associated to higher life standards, as well as a negative impact of rurality, gender, and political freedom and democracy result not influential, as well as education. Some practical implications derive from the findings, contributing to explain performance differences across different national settings and identifying current inequalities that still require public action to bridge the divide.
PESQUISA DE POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL A PARTIR DO MUNICÍPIO
Authors: Feldman Ariel
Published: October 2020

O artigo objetiva realizar reflexões que possam subsidiar pesquisas que investiguem as interfaces entre disputa pelo poder político local e gestão municipal da educação. Sugere-se a realização de estudos que tenham como recorte espacial municípios interioranos do Brasil, contextualizados no período histórico da vigência da política de fundos (1996-2020).   Pondera-se sobre a utilização do conceito de clientelismo numa abordagem interdisciplinar de pesquisa entre diversas áreas das ciências sociais, a antropologia, a sociologia e a pesquisa educacional. Argumenta-se que as elites locais têm um papel ativo na gestão municipal da educação, notadamente em três aspectos, a contratação de professores temporários, a lotação e distribuição de carga horária de docentes concursados e a indicação política de diretores escolares. Municípios do estado do Pará foram utilizados como base empírica para as reflexões teóricas realizadas.
A APROPRIAÇÃO CRISTÃ DOS MITOS CLÁSSICOS
Authors: Amarante José
Published: October 2020

Partindo de considerações de Quintiliano (inst. 8,3,1) sobre a natureza retórica das figuras de ornamento e a sua relação com a sua utilidade, o presente texto discute os usos de estruturas comparativas e recursos retóricos fronteiriços em um mitógrafo tardo-antigo que viveu entre meados do século V e meados do século VI, chamado Fábio Plancíade Fulgêncio, especialmente em sua obra Mythologiarum libri tres (ou Mythologiae), que é uma espécie de compilação de mitos clássicos interpretados alegoricamente, num momento em que o Cristianismo já se encontrava assentado, mas os elementos do mundo clássico ainda eram valorizados culturalmente e serviam de base para a formação das gerações que se seguiam. Nas Mitologias fulgencianas, para o confronto entre duas realidades ainda em convivência: a pagã e a cristã, a comparação –– em emergência como figura retórica –– se torna um expediente por excelência a esse autor já do período cristão, que escreve para interpretar o conteúdo mitológico pagão, enquadrando-o a sua nova realidade.

Palavras-chave: Mitologia clássica; Cristianismo; Fulgêncio; Comparação.

Abstract: Based on Quintilian's considerations (inst. 8,3,1) on the rhetorical nature of ornament figures and their relation to their usefulness, this text discusses the uses of comparative structures and related rhetorical resources in an late antique mythographer who lived between the middle of the 5th century and the middle of the 6th century and is called Fabius Planciadis Fulgentius, especially in his work Mythologiarum libri tres (or Mythologiae), which is a kind of compilation of classic myths interpreted allegorically, at a time when Christianity was already settled, but the elements of the classical world were still culturally valued and served as a basis for the formation of the generations that followed. In the Fulgentian mythologies, for the confrontation between two realities still coexisting (the pagan and the Christian worlds), the comparison – in emergence as a rhetorical figure – becomes an expedient par excellence to this author already from the Christian period, who writes to interpret the pagan mythological content, framing it to its new reality.

Keywords: Classical mythology; Christianity; Fulgentius; Comparation.
FILOSOFIA, TEOLOGIA E EDUCAÇÃO NOS ESCRITOS DE CLEMENTE DE ALEXANDRIA
Authors: Da Silva Dyel , Dos Santos Dominique Vieira Coelho
Published: October 2020

Titus Flavius Clemens, ou simplesmente Clemente de Alexandria, que liderou a chamada “Escola Catequética” da cidade de Alexandria entre os anos de 188 e 201 E.C., fez inúmeras referências ao poeta grego Homero em suas obras, sobretudo no Paedagogus e no Stromata. A partir da análise específica de 47 fragmentos destas duas obras, foi possível perceber diversas menções a Homero como alguém que teria sido educado entre bárbaros e que seria tanto um propagador da fé hebraica quanto um continuador dos discursos hebraicos entre os gregos. Considerando isso, o artigo buscou compreender como essa imagem homérica foi definida e trabalhada de modo a colaborar para sistematização da narrativa clementina, entrelaçando questões filosóficas, teológicas e educacionais.
PLÍNIO, O JOVEM E QUINTILIANO
Authors: Rossi Andrea Lúcia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho , Binato Cláudia Valéria Penavel
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar algumas cartas de Plínio, o Jovem, no intuito de identificar o processo educacional e a construção de suas narrativas baseados em fundamentos retóricos. Para tal, é importante salientar que algumas concepções sobre retórica no mundo clássico serão o objeto deste texto, principalmente Cícero, Quintiliano, Suetônio e Tácito. Desta forma, pretende-se abordar algumas destas premissas teóricas e filosóficas como princípio de análise das Cartas do senador romano e suas narrativas que demonstram as estruturas de poder na segunda metade do I Século de nossa era.
NOVAS VISÕES SOBRE A ROMA ANTIGA
Authors: Bondioli Nelson de Paiva
Published: October 2020

O presente estudo visa abordar questões relacionadas à recepção do passado romano na Cultura Pop atual, especificamente em dois nichos diferentes: dos Jogos Digitais (Games) e do RPG – Roleplaying Games (Jogos de Interpretação). Para esse fim, dois materiais serão objetos de análise: o game Assassin’s Creed Origins (2017), lançado pela Ubisoft Montreal, e o suplemento de RPG: Requiem for Rome (2007), publicado pela White Wolf. A escolha desses objetos se deu, principalmente pela relação estabelecida por eles mesmos com o período histórico, que é do interesse deste estudo, proclamando uma relação/ligação com o mundo romano. O objetivo desta análise é tecer algumas considerações sobre a produção desses objetos, sobretudo acerca do papel do historiador nas equipes de sua produção, observando também como certos temas aparecem/reaparecem com certa constância e levando em consideração os diferentes movimentos de aproximação e distanciamento da Historiografia.
Repensando la Idea de Privatización Educativa: Lecciones del Caso Chileno
Authors: Orellana Victor , Cristián Bellei
Published: October 2020

Este artigo problematiza o debate sobre a educação pública e privada nas últimas décadas, a partir das lições da osibilidad chilena. O surgimento da osibili da educação e o modo como seus axiomas condicionam a discussão são examinados, limitando a disputa à gestão estatal ou privada de um serviço já considerado comercial. Os limites e osibilidades do conceito de privatização oculta são analisados ​​para dar conta da totalidade e complexidade dos processos de privatização. Finalmente, propomos um esquema baseado na polaridade entre mediação de valor e mediação política para entender os processos de mercantilização educacional.
As missões da Universidade, entre as quais a extensão universitária ou a terceira missão, em face dos desafios da mercadização/mercantilização
Authors: Valdemar Sguissardi
Published: October 2020

Este texto tem por objetivo discutir o conceito de terceira missão da universidade a partir do conceito de extensão universitária em tempos de mercadização e mercantilização desse nível do nosso sistema educacional. Em outras palavras, mais do que discutir os diferentes sentidos da extensão universitária no Brasil, sua prática atual no conjunto de instituições de educação superior (IES) – universidades ou não – e, principalmente, de buscar questionar e/ou definir o “novo papel” da universidade, que se propõe denominar como “Terceira Missão”, visa-se problematizar a relação entre o fenômeno bastante recente da mercadização/mercantilização e a extensão universitária ou “Terceira Missão”. Em última instância, busca-se responder à questão: quais são os desafios que a mercadização/mercantilização impõe às missões da educação superior, em especial à extensão universitária ou à sua “Terceira Missão”?
A INSTRUÇÃO PRIMÁRIA NO BRASIL ENTRE A INDEPENDÊNCIA E O ATO ADICIONAL DE 1834
Authors: Castanha André Paulo
Published: October 2020

A temática da instrução primária na fase inicial da nação brasileira não tem sido devidamente estudada. De modo geral, os estudos têm feito referências a Lei de 15 de outubro de 1827 e ao processo de descentralização, promovido pelo Ato Adicional de 1834, passando a ideia de que as ações do Estado recaiam, basicamente sobre o ensino superior. O objetivo do presente texto é analisar as ações do Estado, visando organizar e difundir a instrução pública primária, no período. Diante das condições históricas da época, qual a importância da instrução? Que fatores favoreceram e/ou limitaram sua difusão? Para responder a esses questionamentos, fizemos uma análise interpretativa a partir da documentação de época e alguns estudos produzidos sobre a educação no período. Concluímos que a difusão da instrução pública primária encontrou inúmeras dificuldades de caráter econômico, social e humano, pois, ela ainda não se impunha como uma necessidade básica da população.
AS METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS E O SISTEMA ATENCIONAL: UM ESTADO DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Bombana Cheila Graciela Gobbo , Teixeira Adriano Canabarro
Published: October 2020

O presente estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de maior compreensão sobre o tema “As Metodologias Ativas como potencializadoras do Sistema Atencional”. Considerando que o processo auxiliar de aprendizagem atenção é composto pelo Sistema Atencional, temos o objetivo de analisar as produções em educação, realizadas no Brasil, nos últimos 5 anos sobre Metodologias Ativas, Tecnologias Digitais, e sobre o Sistema Atencional no processo de aprendizagem. Foi realizada pesquisa do tipo estado do conhecimento, analisadas qualitativamente 6 dissertações e 1 artigo. Os resultados mostram contribuições da combinação entre Metodologias Ativas e Tecnologias Digitais para o desenvolvimento da autonomia discente, também mostram o potencial de Jogos Eletrônicos para melhoria da capacidade atencional de estudantes e evidenciam a escassez de estudo que relacione diretamente Metodologias Ativas e Sistema Atencional.
CONTINUANDO O DEBATE SOBRE CUIDADO E EDUCAÇÃO DE CRIANÇAS NOS PRIMEIROS ANOS DE VIDA
Authors: Amorim Katia de Souza , Angela Maria Rabelo Barreto  , Gomes Maria de Fátima Cardoso , Macário Alice de Paiva , Neves Vanessa Ferraz Almeida , Oliveira Zilma Maria Ramos , Rossetti-Ferreira Maria Clotilde
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, analisam-se pressupostos, argumentos e consequências de pontos de vista divergentes sobre o cuidado e educação das crianças até os três anos de idade em creches. São problematizadas as posições de Tunes e Prestes (2019) desfavoráveis à educação dessas crianças em instituições sociais, visão que buscam fundamentar nas ideias e conceitos da psicologia histórico-cultural de Vigotski. Aqui se propõe a tratar dos conflitos e confrontos em relação à maternidade, ao trabalho feminino e à educação das crianças pequenas, no contexto social contemporâneo; a comentar estudos sobre interações de bebês com mães, outros adultos e pares; a discutir diferentes compreensões sobre os conceitos de Vigotski, argumentando-se a favor do compartilhamento do cuidado e educação da criança pelas famílias e instituições de Educação Infantil de qualidade, em razão das possibilidades de desenvolvimento que oferecem às crianças e pelo papel que ocupam na diminuição das desigualdades educacionais, sociais, bem como raciais e de gênero.
Study on Polarization and Adhesion Property of Gecko Inspired Mushroom-Shaped Pillars
Authors: Lu Ming Yue , Li Yang , He Qing Song , Dai Zhen Dong
Published: October 2020

Geckos can run swiftly on various surfaces, is not only related to the micro-nanostructure of their setae, but also related to the charged keratin in biological tissues of epidermis. Many gecko-inspired structural materials have been developed in order to obtain desired adhesion property. Much research has been done to improve their adhesion by changing chemical composition and optimizing micro-nanostructure, but little research has been done on the effect of surface charge. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of surface charge on the adhesion of gecko-inspired materials, and to explore a new way to improve their adhesion performance. In this work, the dry adhesive materials made of polyvinylsiloxane (PVS) with mushroom-shaped pillars were polarized under high voltage. The results showed that polarized samples with the mushroom-shaped pillars facing the positive electrode have more negative charge, and the adhesion was improved a lot with increasing charge.
Tool Wear Progression and Optimization in End Milling of AISI 316 Stainless Steel
Authors: Odedeyi Peter Babatunde , Abou-El-Hossein Khaled
Published: October 2020

The high-performance machining of difficult-to-cut stainless steel (AISI 316) demands the development and optimization of high-performance tools that can withstand tool load without compromising the surface quality of the components been produced. To justify the optimization feasibility of coated carbide tool in end milling application for good surface quality, a material removal and Productivity approach by evaluating the tool life under optimized cutting condition were carried out in this current research. The objective of this study is to optimize flank tool wear in end milling of AISI 316 using Design of Experiment and box-Behnken method. Tool wear value of 0.174mm was achieved through optimization at low values of feed, speed, and depth of cut. However, an increased feed, depth of cut and speed promised to yield better volume removed in return making tool life to be truncated faster.
Simulation of Mechanical Behaviour of Materials using Constant Boundary Elements - A Discussion on the Accuracy of Results for Bars
Authors: Kirana Kumara P.
Published: October 2020

The Boundary Element Method (BEM) is one among the most popular simulation techniques employed to simulate mechanical behaviour of materials, including smart engineering materials. Although BEM is a quite well-established numerical technique, literature tells that the method may not be well suited to simulate structures where one or two of the dimensions is much smaller than the remaining dimension/s (for a 3D problem). Hence in this work, deflection of a cantilever beam is simulated using constant boundary elements to get a feel of the accuracy of the BEM when used to simulate such type of structures. Although the concept is not new, the study assumes significance because studies which list the results in detail are not readily found in the literature. In this study, the results are obtained for different mesh resolutions also. The results indicate that - as expected - constant boundary elements are not a good choice for simulating the mechanical behaviour of smart materials when the structural member to be simulated is thin. Although it is a known fact that constant boundary elements converge very slowly, the present study helps to get a clearer picture on the accuracy and the convergence rate that one can expect from constant boundary elements. This paper heavily borrows content from this author’s PhD thesis [1]. The geometry considered in this paper is a bar. One may also note that the author is publishing another paper [2] (“Simulation of Mechanical Behaviour of Materials using Constant Boundary Elements - A Discussion on the Accuracy of Results for Beams”) that is very similar to this paper except that the geometry considered in that paper is a beam.
Histomorphological patterns of hepatoblastoma in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chaudhary Dimple , Gupta Latika , Agarwal Radhika , Mallya Varuna , Tomar Reena , Mandal Shramana , Khurana Nita , Sarin Y. K.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Hepatoblastoma (HB), rare malignancy in itself, is the most common primary liver tumor in children. Most common presenting features are abdominal distension or abdominal mass. Several patterns are associated with HB with different prognosis. Furthermore, some patterns have overlapping features with other childhood tumors.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study is to discuss various patterns of HB which we came across in a tertiary care hospital during our study. H and E slides were reviewed with respect to different patterns, postchemotherapy changes including extramedullary hematopoiesis, necrosis, osteoid metaplasia, necrosis, and fibrosis.

Conclusion:

Different patterns of HB should be kept in mind by the pathologists to avoid any misdiagnosis.
Single-center outcomes of image-guided radiotherapy in the management of vertebral hemangioma with daily kilovoltage cone-beam computerized tomography
Authors: Uysal Bora , Gamsiz Hakan , Dincoglan Ferrat , Sager Omer , Demiral Selcuk , Dirican Bahar , Beyzadeoglu Murat
Published: October 2020

Background:

Vertebral hemangiomas are defined as benign proliferation of blood vessels. Vertebral hemangiomas are generally found incidentally by computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; however, they may also cause pain and quality-of-life impairment in some circumstances with reference to their location and association with the spinal cord. In this study, we assessed the utility of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) in the management of patients with painful vertebral hemangioma.

Materials and Methods:

Patients receiving IGRT for the management of painful vertebral hemangioma were evaluated. The total dose was 24 Gy delivered in 12 daily fractions. The verbal numeric scale (VNS) was used for the assessment of pain relief. The median follow-up duration was 13 months (range: 6–24 months).

Results:

Median preradiotherapy VNS score was 8 (range: 6–10) and median postradiotherapy VNS score was 1 (range: 0–2) for the total 135 patients treated with IGRT at our department for painful vertebral hemangioma. Reduction in VNS scores after IGRT was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our single-center study revealed that IGRT resulted in substantial relief of pain from vertebral hemangioma. Randomized prospective multicenter trials are needed to shed light on the optimal management of patients suffering from pain due to vertebral hemangioma.
A prospective randomized trial comparing accelerated concurrent chemoradiotherapy with conventional concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma cervix (IIA–IVA)
Authors: Vias Poorva , Angural Harpreet , Seam Rajeev Kumar , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Gupta Manish , Fotedar Vikas , Negi Anup
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Cervical cancer ranks fourth in women worldwide. The management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin, followed by brachytherapy, is the standard approach. Accelerated radiotherapy (ART) can be used to decrease the treatment duration which can further lead to better outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

Stages II, III, and IVA of carcinoma cervix were studied for 1 year. Ninety patients were randomized in control and study arms, 45 patients in each arm. The total dose of radiation was 50 Gy/25#/5 weeks from Monday to Friday in the control arm and 50 Gy/25#/4 weeks from Monday to Saturday in the study arm, with injection cisplatin 40 mg/m2 intravenous infusion weekly in both the arms.

Results:

The response was similar in both the arms at the first follow-up as well as at median follow-up. However, acute toxicities in the ART arm were more, but they were managed conservatively.

Conclusion:

ART can be used in patients of cervical cancers to decrease the total treatment time. The results were similar in both the groups but need to be studied over more number of patients.
Enhancement of proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities induced by drought stress in maize (Zea mays L.) by application of compost
Authors: Bokobana Atalaèsso , Toundou Outendé , Odah Komi , Dossou Koffi S.S. , Tozo Koffi
Published: October 2020

In sub-Saharan Africa, soil degradation and recurrent droughts are major obstacles to a sustainable agriculture. This study aimed at investigating the effect of compost addition to soil on proline content and activities of the antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] in maize plants, under drought stress conditions. The test was carried out in 20L plastic pots containing either sandy soil or sandy soil with the fertilizer, under natural conditions. The water deficit was induced at male blooming and milky grain stages. Plant irrigation was done by successive weighing of the pots during which the control is reduced to the same weight corresponding to 70% of the useful water reserve (UWR), while the stressed treatment maintains the water content at 30% of the UWR for 10 days. At the end of the stress period, the proline content, the CAT and APX activities in the leaves were determined through a spectrophotometry. The results show an important accumulation of proline and increase in enzymatic activity induced by water deficit in plants grown on compost (p = 0.00000 at p < 0.05). This study provides evidence for a beneficial effect of compost application in enhancing drought tolerance of maize.Keywords: Drought stress; compost; proline; antioxidant enzymes; Zea mays L.
In vitro efficacy of five commercially available herbal preparations used in the treatment of typhoid fever in Bamenda Municipality, Cameroon
Authors: Nguemaim Ngoufo Flore , Ngo Teke Gerald , Che Amslem , Fouamno Kamga Henri Lucien
Published: October 2020

Typhoid fever is an infectious disease that has been a public health concern for millennia. The use of herbal preparations is getting popularity, with an estimated 80% of the world’s population still depending on it for the management of various diseases including typhoid fever. However, data concerning their quality, safety and efficacy is not readily available. Our aim was to determine the in vitro efficacy of some commercially available herbal preparations used in the treatment of typhoid fever in Bamenda Municipality. Five herbal preparations indicated for the treatment of typhoid fever (coded P1 to P5) were bought from various outlets of the herbal producers and serial dilutions made and screened for their activities against clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi using the agar well diffusion and dilution methods. The bacterial growth inhibition zone diameters of the herbal preparations were measured with a transparent ruler and compared with those of some standard antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone). Two of the herbal preparations (P1 & P2) showed inhibition zone diameters against S. Typhi (20 and 14 mm respectively) while the rest (P3, P4 & P5) were inactive. P1 showed minimal activity on S. Paratyphi while the rest of the herbal preparations (P2, P3, P4 and P5) were inactive at all tested concentrations. The difference between the value of the inhibition zone diameters of the herbal preparations and that of the standard antibiotics on both S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi was statistically significant (p<0.05). It was found out that most of the herbal preparations showed no activity against the tested bacterial isolates contrary to their label bogus claims.Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Typhoid fever, Herbal preparations, in vitro, Bamenda-Cameroon.
Effet du temps de chauffage des graines de palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sur quelques métabolites au cours du processus de la germination
Authors: Beugré Martine Manéhonon , Konan François Kouakou Yao , Yapo Salomé Edwige Sopie , Konan Eugène Kouakou , Kouadio Justin Yatty
Published: October 2020

Pour une bonne disponibilité des graines germées sélectionnées et dans un court délai, une technique de "germination par chaleur sèche" modifiée a été initiée. À cet effet les graines ont été traitées à différentes durées de chauffage. Les dosages des polyphénoloxydases (PPO), de la phénylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), des composés phénoliques totaux et des protéines ont été réalisés pour 40, 60 et 80 jours à 40 oC. Les résultats obtenus au niveau des albumens sont négligeables. Chez les embryons, les activités enzymatiques et la teneur des protéines ont diminué avec l’augmentation de la durée de chauffage avec respectivement de 177,7 à 35,07 DO/min/g M.S pour les PPO, de 928,54 à 334 mM d’acide cinnamique/min/g M.S pour la PAL et de 92,4 à 50,73 mg/M.S pour les protéines. Quant aux teneurs phénoliques, elles sont significativement plus faibles pour 60 jours (20,64 mg/g M.S). Une durée de chauffage de 40 jours, avec un pourcentage de germination de 49,2%, a entrainé de fortes activités enzymatiques et de fortes teneurs en protéines et en composés phénoliques comparativement à 60 jours (66,3%) et 80 jours (63,73%). Le métabolisme observé varie selon la durée de chauffage.Mots clés : Traitement, durée de chauffage, polyphénoloxydases, phénylalanine ammonia-lyase, composés phénoliques, protéines. English Title: Effect of heating time of oil palm seeds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) On some metabolites during the germination processFor a good availability of the selected germinated seeds and within a short time, a modified'''' germination by dry heat'' technique was initiated. For this purpose the seeds were treated at different heating times.  Determinations of polyphenoloxidases (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), total phenolic compounds and proteins were performed for 40, 60 and 80 days at 40 oC. The results obtained with albumens are  negligible. In embryos, enzymatic activities and protein content decreased with increasing heating time, with respectively 177.7 to 35.07 DO/min/g M.S for PPOs, 928.54 to 334 mM cinnamic acid/min/g M.S for PAL and 92.4 to 50.73 mg/M.S for proteins. Phenolic levels are significantly lower for 60 days (20.64 mg/g M.S.). A 40-day heating period, with a germination rate of 49.2%, resulted in high enzymatic activity and high levels of protein and phenolic compounds compared to 60 days (66.3%) and 80 days (63.73%). The observed metabolism varies according to the duration of heatKeywords: Treatment, heating time, polyphenoloxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, phenolic compounds, proteins.
Pheno-morphological diversity of Haitian taro cultivars
Authors: Aristil Junior , Jean Simon Luger
Published: October 2020

Taro corm is consumed in Haiti as a sustain against malnutrition, but no study was so far reported about Haitian taro. An ongoing breeding program, aimed at supporting corm production, includes the present investigations on taro. Eleven taro accessions sampled in 9 departments of Haiti were tested at Torbeck from January to August 2018. Seven variables were considered and treated with SPSS. Significant (p < 0.05) differences appeared for three of the seven considered traits. Corm marketable yield varied from 2.97 to 12.79 t/ha (p<0.05), the locations with the largest yield being Coteaux (South department, 12.79 t/ha), Petite- Riviére de Nippes (Nippes department, 7.56 t/ha) and Jacmel (South East department, 7.01 t/ha). Corm marketable yield was significantly (p < 0.001) and directly related with weight of corm per plant (ρ = 0.999), leaf length (ρ = 0.924) and leaf width (ρ = 0.795). Haitian taro cultivars were divided in three separate clusters. The largest differences concerned taro accessions from Grande Rivière du Nord and Coteaux. The results of this study show that accessions from Coteaux, Petite Riviére de Nippes and Jacmel should be recommended in the plant selection program to increase corm production in Haiti.Keywords: Taro, marketable yield, diversity, cultivars, Haiti.
Évaluation du matériel de la population YOCOBOUE pourla réduction dela vitesse de croissance en hauteur du palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dans le 3e cycle de selection récurrente réciproque en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Assouman Damiens , Konan Jean Noël , Noumouha Epa Ghislain N. , Adon Benjamin , Nguetta Simon Pierre A. , Konan Eugene
Published: October 2020

No Abstract.
Facteurs influençant les performances de croissance de quelques types génétiques de veaux dans les hautes terres de l’Ouest-Cameroun
Authors: Ngoucheme A. , Manjeli Y. , Etchu Kingsley A. , Youchaou P.M. , Ko Awono P.M.D. , Bayemi H.P. , Mbiadjeu-Lawou S.P. , Sonka V. , Ngoko Z. , Poné D.K. , Germanus S.B. , Isabelle L.N. , Lougbou N.D.D. , Hakoueu N.B.F. , Ntam F.
Published: October 2020

Dans le cadre de l’amélioration de la productivité des bovins, une étude sur les facteurs influençant les performances de croissance de quelques types génétiques de veaux a été réalisée à Bambui sur 374 animaux de 1998 à 2008. L’objectif étant d’évaluer les effets des principaux facteurs influençant les performances de croissance et d’en déduire les contraintes et les moyens de contrôle. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de la procédure ANOVA du logiciel SAS et les moyennes significatives ont été séparées par le test de Student-Newman-Keul. Au terme de ce travail, il a été déterminé que tous les facteurs ont une influence significative sur tous les traits pré sevrage, tandis que le troupeau n’a pas été significatif sur le poids à la naissance au seuil 5%. Quant à l’évolution du poids et gain moyen quotidien (GMQ) après sevrage, ils ne sont influencés significativement que par la race et le sexe du veau, la race et l’âge de ses parents, l’année, le mois et la saison de naissance et le troupeau. Par ailleurs, certains facteurs environnementaux peuvent masquer les différences génétiques entre les animaux lors de la sélection et le gain génétique ne peut pas être déterminé avec précisionMots clés: Facteurs, croissance, veaux, croisements, races locales. English Title: actors affecting growth performance of terminal crossbred calves in the western highlands of CameroonAs part of the improvement of cattle productivity, a study on the factors influencing the growth performance of some genetic types of calves was conducted at Bambui on 374 animals from 1998 to 2008. The objective being to evaluate the effects of the main factors influencing growth performance and to deduce the constraints and means of control. Data was analyzed using the SAS software ANOVA procedure were separed by the Student-Newman-Keul test. At the end of this work, it has been determined that all factors have a significant influence on all pre-weaning traits,while the flock was not significant on birth weight at the 5% threshold. Mean weight gain and mean daily gain ( ADG) after weaning were significantly influenced only by breed and sex of calf, race and age of parents, year, month and year birth season and the flock. In addition, some  environmental factors may mask genetic differences between animals during breeding and genetic gaincan not be determineb accurately.Keywords: Factors, growth, calves, crosses, indigenous breeds.