bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of neighborhood deprivation and store characteristics in relation to tobacco retail outlet sales violations
Authors: Wheeler David C. , Do Elizabeth K. , Hayes Rashelle B. , Hughes Colleen , Fuemmeler Bernard F.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Regulations of the sale of tobacco products to minors have been effective at reducing adolescent tobacco use overall. However, these efforts may not be uniformly enforced in all areas, creating uneven protection against adolescent smoking. Knowledge regarding factors associated with tobacco retail outlet (TRO) violations could help inform better enforcement strategies.

Methods

In this study, we used Bayesian index regression models to determine if tobacco sales to minors violations across Virginia (2012–2021) were related to store characteristics and neighborhood deprivation and identify geographic areas at significantly elevated risk for violations after adjusting for these factors.

Results

Results show that there were multiple factors associated with a higher likelihood of tobacco sales violations. Store type was an important factor, as grocery stores and pharmacies had significantly lowered likelihood of violations compared with convenience stores. Being located near another TRO was significantly associated with increased risk of sales to a minor. Neighborhood deprivation was also positively associated with TRO sales violations. Further, there were statistically higher likelihood of sales violations occurring in specific areas (e.g., southwest and southeast) of the state that were not explained by neighborhood deprivation and store attributes.

Conclusions

Together, results highlight the need to better understand where and why TRO sales violations are occurring in order to improve efforts aimed at monitoring and remediating TRO sales violations.
Geographic disparities and temporal changes of diabetes prevalence and diabetes self-management education program participation in Florida
Authors: Khan Md Marufuzzaman , Roberson Shamarial , Reid Keshia , Jordan Melissa , Odoi Agricola
Published: July 2021

Background

Although Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) programs are recommended to help reduce the burden of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, Florida is one of the states with the lowest DSME participation rates. Moreover, there is evidence of geographic disparities of not only DSME participation rates but the burden of diabetes as well. Understanding these disparities is critical for guiding control programs geared at improving participation rates and diabetes outcomes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (a) investigate geographic disparities of diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates; and (b) identify predictors of the observed disparities in DSME participation rates.

Methods

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for 2007 and 2010 were obtained from the Florida Department of Health. Age-adjusted diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates were computed at the county level and their geographic distributions visualized using choropleth maps. Significant changes in diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates between 2007 and 2010 were assessed and counties showing significant changes were mapped. Clusters of high diabetes prevalence before and after adjusting for common risk factors and DSME participation rates were identified, using Tango’s flexible spatial scan statistics, and their geographic distribution displayed in maps. Determinants of the geographic distribution of DSME participation rates and predictors of the identified high rate clusters were identified using ordinary least squares and logistic regression models, respectively.

Results

County level age-adjusted diabetes prevalence varied from 4.7% to 17.8% while DSME participation rates varied from 26.6% to 81.2%. There were significant (p≤0.05) increases in both overall age-adjusted diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates from 2007 to 2010 with diabetes prevalence increasing from 7.7% in 2007 to 8.6% in 2010 while DSME participation rates increased from 51.4% in 2007 to 55.1% in 2010. Generally, DSME participation rates decreased in rural areas while they increased in urban areas. High prevalence clusters of diabetes (both adjusted and unadjusted) were identified in northern and central Florida, while clusters of high DSME participation rates were identified in central Florida. Rural counties and those with high proportion of Hispanics tended to have low DSME participation rates.

Conclusions

The findings confirm that geographic disparities in both diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates exist. Specific attention is required to address these disparities especially in areas that have high diabetes prevalence but low DSME participation rates. Study findings are useful for guiding resource allocation geared at reducing disparities and improving diabetes outcomes.
The relationship between sunlight exposure duration and depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study on elderly Chinese women
Authors: Cui Yufei , Gong Qiang , Huang Cong , Guo Feng , Li Wang , Wang Yongxiang , Cheng Xin
Published: July 2021

Sunlight has been reported to have various beneficial effects on human health. Although research indicates an association between sunlight exposure and depressive symptoms, no study has examined it among the older adult population, especially among elderly Chinese women. This cross-sectional study addresses the aforesaid gap by investigating this association in 1,429 Chinese women aged 60 years and older. Information on their sunlight exposure was collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The logistic regression models revealed that greater exposure to sunlight is associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. In the final adjusted model, when the short sunlight exposure category (reference) was compared with the medium and long ones, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence of depressive symptoms (SDS cutoff ≥ 45) were 0.84 (0.60, 1.19) and 0.62 (0.43, 0.91), respectively (p-value for trend = 0.01). This significant association did not change when the SDS cutoff points were altered to ≥ 40 and ≥ 50. Findings indicate that an increased sunlight exposure duration is associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in elderly women.
Adaptation in the Age of Media Convergence, Johannes Fehrle and Werner Schäfke-Zell (eds) (2019)
Authors: Forlini Francesca
Published: July 2021

Review of: Adaptation in the Age of Media Convergence, Johannes Fehrle and Werner Schäfke-Zell (eds) (2019)

Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 232 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-46298-366-3, h/bk, €99.00

ISBN 978-9-04853-401-2, e/bk, €98.99
Análise de viabilidade econômica para implantação de sistema fotovoltaico residencial na região de Vila Velha – ES
Authors: Corteleti Giovanni Moreira , Santos Alexandre Coelho
Published: July 2021

O constante aumento na tarifa de distribuição de energia elétrica e adoção de bandeiras tarifarias, decorrente da elevação do consumo e a estagnação da capacidade dos reservatórios hidroelétricos, demandando constante acionamento de usinas de fonte alternativas, o que tem gerado um questionamento sobre seus impactos na sociedade e no meio ambiente. Em paralelo, observamos a difusão dos sistemas fotovoltaicos, devido a redução do custo de equipamentos, instalação e um forte apelo ambiental aliado a este tipo de geração limpa. A aplicabilidade do sistema fotovoltaico apresenta viabilidade econômica em todos os casos a longo prazo, porém, não é uma solução absoluta para todos os cenários em relação a energia fornecida pela concessionária distribuidora local em curto prazo. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a viabilidade econômica da implantação de um sistema fotovoltaico em residências na cidade de Vila Velha - ES, para atingir o objetivo proposto, foi utilizado os cálculos de valor presente líquido (VPL), utilizando como base o melhor cenário momentâneo possível para distribuição por parte da concessionária e a atual situação econômica brasileira, aplicando a Selic atual como taxa de retorno. Os resultados indicam que é viável investir em energia fotovoltaica em residências na região de estudo.
A metodologia lean e a indústria da construção civil: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Campos Tiago Vilela , Azevedo Rogério Cabral de
Published: July 2021

Na construção civil a metodologia lean, ou construção enxuta, visa maximizar o uso de materiais e aproveitar ao máximo a mão de obra disponível. Esta pesquisa adota o método de revisão sistemática ProKnow-C para identificar as ferramentas, as contribuições e as dificuldades encontradas pela indústria da construção civil no uso da metodologia lean. Tal método visa analisar um portfólio de artigos selecionados de forma a representar o estado da arte sobre o uso do lean na construção civil. A análise do portfólio foi realizada por meio de cinco lentes de pesquisa: as fontes de perda na construção civil, os obstáculos para a implementação da metodologia, as ferramentas utilizadas, as vantagens da implementação da metodologia e a análise quantitativa da melhora que a aplicação do lean gera na indústria da construção civil. Com a análise do portfólio concluiu-se que as fontes de perdas mais presentes são: retrabalho, execuções ineficientes e períodos de espera. Como barreiras para a aplicação da metodologia tem-se a falta de conhecimento do corpo técnico e a baixa comunicação entre as equipes. Dentre as ferramentas apresentadas as mais aplicadas são: sistema de gestão de qualidade total e adoção de sistemas de gestão visual. A adoção de tais ferramentas gera como vantagem da aplicação da metodologia o aumento da eficiência produtiva. Percebe-se também, a ausência de trabalhos científicos que retratem quantitativamente a melhora que a aplicação das ferramentas da metodologia lean trazem ao canteiro de obras, o que se apresenta como uma futura oportunidade de pesquisa.
Gerenciamento de riscos em projetos no contexto da indústria 4.0: um estudo de caso
Authors: Paula Francine Domingos de , Belém Maria Júlia Xavier , Monaro Daniel Luis Garrido
Published: July 2021

O advento da Indústria 4.0 trouxe impactos diretos aos processos produtivos, bem como mudanças na gestão de projetos. Novos contextos de gerenciamento, desenvolvimento, interfaces, tecnologias e interligações levam a sistemas mais complexos, que se desdobram em riscos compostos e impactam nas etapas de identificação e avaliação dos riscos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi a investigação do processo de planejamento no gerenciamento de riscos em projetos voltados para a Indústria 4.0, de maneira a apresentar novas possíveis ameaças introduzidas pelo ecossistema. O estudo apresentou a concepção de análise de maturidade, através de uma sucinta revisão bibliográfica. Foram levantados riscos específicos para o contexto, classificando-os nas áreas estruturais propostas nas referências, com aplicação prática em um projeto de solução de conectividade em uma indústria fabricante de máquinas industriais. Os riscos foram selecionados, adaptados ao projeto e avaliados. Foi realizado um paralelo entre o conceito de maturidade das organizações e a avaliação das ameaças, propondo a elaboração de um índice gráfico de visualização. A avaliação serviu como ferramenta para nivelamento das informações dentro da companhia, permitindo um maior entendimento dos possíveis desafios que podem ser encontrados e contribuiu para a quebra de paradigmas internos na gestão de riscos de projeto.
Physical Internet: A solution for the Supply Chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Safwen Ben Neila , Németh Péter
Published: July 2021

Supply chain disruption is characterized by a significant decrease in the production or delivery of a supply chain, including events like fire, system downsizing, natural disasters and quality issues, unexpected surge incapacity, and pandemic disease COVID-19. This will lead to lower productivity, higher prices, increased consumer frustration, etc. Logistics activities are suspended due to COVID-19 by closing the borders between countries. For that reason, we will specify our research on the impact of this disease on the Supply Chain Management and to show up the important issues and how the digital solution like the Physical Internet could solve these disruptions. The Physical Internet is still an emerging phenomenon in which it is intended to replace the current logistics model by encompassing new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, the Internet of things, and others. This article aims to compose conceptual research to describe Supply Chain Management problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and to represent the physical internet as a solution for this disruption based on various journal articles, papers, websites, and managers' experiences. Further, this study helps to increase the understanding of scholars and practitioners on how the novel PI paradigm can be a solution to COVID-19-induced supply chain disruptions. Furthermore, the physical internet and other modern technologies in the business world are absolutely necessary and recommended, as these current issues now require quick decisions and up-to-date knowledge.
Comparison of data augmentation methods for legal document classification
Authors: Csányi Gergely , Orosz Tamás
Published: July 2021

Sorting out the legal documents by their subject matter is an essential and time-consuming task due to the large amount of data. Many machine learning-based text categorization methods exist, which can resolve this problem. However, these algorithms can not perform well if they do not have enough training data for every category. Text augmentation can resolve this problem. Data augmentation is a widely used technique in machine learning applications, especially in computer vision. Textual data has different characteristics than images, so different solutions must be applied when the need for data augmentation arises. However, the type and different characteristics of the textual data or the task itself may reduce the number of methods that could be applied in a certain scenario. This paper focuses on text augmentation methods that could be applied to legal documents when classifying them into specific groups of subject matters.
Sustainable Cultivation of Desmodesmus armatus SAG276.4d using Leachate as a Growth Supplement for Simultaneous Biomass Production and CO2 Fixation
Authors: Fuad Muhammad Taufiq Kamal , Khalid Azianabiha A Halip , Kamarudin Kamrul Fakir
Published: July 2021

Microalgae cultivation has been identified to be highly beneficial for the production of valuable biomass. The recent worldwide interest is to cultivate microalgae in wastewater to replace the use of expensive commercial media. Microalgae can utilize nutrients from the wastewater for their biomass growth, which is useful as feedstock in many products. Interestingly, microalgae cultivation is also capable of reducing a greenhouse gas due to absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) during photosynthesis. This study was conducted to study the growth of microalgae using leachate as a nutrient supplement. The scope of the research involved the cultivation of freshwater microalgae, Desmodesmus armatus, in the synthetics medium with various percentages of leachate under different light exposures. The growth parameters such as the specific growth rate, biomass productivity, and cell division time were used to evaluate the microalgae growth performance. The amount of CO2 absorbed during the cultivation was determined based on the total biomass production. The highest growth rate of 0.423/day was achieved using a 5% leachate medium under 12 h light duration, and the highest carbon fixation of 1.317 g CO2/L/day was calculated using a culture supplemented with 5% leachate with 24 h light period. The high presence of nutrients in the leachate has contributed to the growth of the microalgae; thus, it has great potential as an alternative growth medium to support biomass production and subsequently help to mitigate global warming.
Wskaźniki jakości demokracji w regionach Europy w latach 2016–2020. W kierunku erozji demokracji w państwach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej?
Authors: Malužinas Martinas
Published: July 2021

Cechą wspólną w państwach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej (EŚW) wydaje się być dość podobny poziom jakości demokracji. Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie, czy w państwach EŚW mamy obecne zjawisko odwrotu od demokracji oraz czy istnieją wyraźne różnice w poziomie demokracji między państwami EŚW a starymi państwami UE. Ocenie poddano wskaźniki jakości demokracji w grupach państw EŚW, Północnej, Południowej oraz Zachodniej. Analiza ujawniła, podobnie jak wcześniejsze badania litewskiego politologia Sauliusa Spurgi, iż nie ma wyraźnej różnicy między wskaźnikami grupy państw EŚW a grupą państw Europy Południowej (m.in. Hiszpanii, Portugalii, Grecji). Z kolei w przypadku państw skandynawskich i południowoeuropejskich pojawiają się istotne różnice w poziomie wskaźników demokracji. Dane wyraźnie wskazują wyższy poziom jakości demokracji w państwach skandynawskich. Potwierdzają to wyniki raportów jakości demokracji z lat 2006, 2008 oraz 2010. Na podstawie dokonanej analizy można stwierdzić, że różnice w jakości demokracji w grupie starych państw członkowskich UE są większe niż różnice pomiędzy państwami grupy EŚW a państwami Europy Południowej.
The Poincaré–Birkhoff Theorem for a Class of Degenerate Planar Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: López-Gómez Julián , Muñoz-Hernández Eduardo , Zanolin Fabio
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we investigate the problem of the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions to the planar Hamiltonian system

x
′

=

-

λ
⁢
α
⁢

(
t
)

⁢
f
⁢

(
y
)

x^{\prime}=-\lambda\alpha(t)f(y)

,

y
′

=

λ
⁢
β
⁢

(
t
)

⁢
g
⁢

(
x
)

y^{\prime}=\lambda\beta(t)g(x)

, where

α
,
β

\alpha,\beta

are non-negative 𝑇-periodic coefficients and

λ
>
0

\lambda>0

. We focus our study to the so-called “degenerate” situation, namely when the set

Z
:=

supp
⁡
α

∩

supp
⁡
β

Z:=\operatorname{supp}\alpha\cap\operatorname{supp}\beta

has Lebesgue measure zero. It is known that, in this case, for some choices of 𝛼 and 𝛽, no nontrivial 𝑇-periodic solution exists. On the opposite, we show that, depending of some geometric configurations of 𝛼 and 𝛽, the existence of a large number of 𝑇-periodic solutions (as well as subharmonic solutions) is guaranteed (for

λ
>
0

\lambda>0

and large). Our proof is based on the Poincaré–Birkhoff twist theorem. Applications are given to Volterra’s predator-prey model with seasonal effects.
Periodic Solutions to Klein–Gordon Systems with Linear Couplings
Authors: Chen Jianyi , Zhang Zhitao , Chang Guijuan , Zhao Jing
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we study the nonlinear Klein–Gordon systems arising from relativistic physics and quantum field theories

{

u

t
⁢
t

-

u

x
⁢
x

+

b
⁢
u

+

ε
⁢
v

+

f
⁢

(
t
,
x
,
u
)

=
0

,

v

t
⁢
t

-

v

x
⁢
x

+

b
⁢
v

+

ε
⁢
u

+

g
⁢

(
t
,
x
,
v
)

=
0

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{}u_{tt}-u_{xx}+bu+\varepsilon v+f(t,x,u)&\displaystyle=0,\\ \displaystyle v_{tt}-v_{xx}+bv+\varepsilon u+g(t,x,v)&\displaystyle=0,\end{aligned}\right.

where

u
,
v

u,v

satisfy the Dirichlet boundary conditions on spatial interval

[
0
,
π
]

[0,\pi]

,

b
>
0

b>0

and

f
,
g

f,g

are

2
⁢
π

2\pi

-periodic in 𝑡. We are concerned with the existence, regularity and asymptotic behavior of time-periodic solutions to the linearly coupled problem as 𝜀 goes to 0. Firstly, under some superlinear growth and monotonicity assumptions on 𝑓 and 𝑔, we obtain the solutions

(

u
ε

,

v
ε

)

(u_{\varepsilon},v_{\varepsilon})

with time period

2
⁢
π

2\pi

for the problem as the linear coupling constant 𝜀 is sufficiently small, by constructing critical points of an indefinite functional via variational methods. Secondly, we give a precise characterization for the asymptotic behavior of these solutions, and show that, as

ε
→
0

\varepsilon\to 0

,

(

u
ε

,

v
ε

)

(u_{\varepsilon},v_{\varepsilon})

converge to the solutions of the wave equations without the coupling terms. Finally, by careful analysis which is quite different from the elliptic regularity theory, we obtain some interesting results concerning the higher regularity of the periodic solutions.
Increased ammonium levels occurring during benthic algal blooms are potentially toxic to fucalean algae
Authors: Iveša Ljiljana , Djakovac Tamara , Bilajac Andrea , Gljušćić Edi , Devescovi Massimo
Published: July 2021

During the spring of 2016, benthic blooms of Acinetospora crinita (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) producing voluminous mucilaginous aggregates frequently occurred at surveyed locations of the west Istrian Coast (northern Adriatic Sea, Croatia). In mucilage-affected macroalgal assemblages, the concentration of ammonium ranged from 50 to 300 μM. To investigate whether ammonium has the potential to harm fucalean species, a selected taxon, Cystoseira compressa was exposed to increased ammonium concentrations in laboratory conditions. Experiments revealed that exposure to 50 μM ammonium severely damaged the thalli while exposure to 300 μM caused complete necrosis of thalli in 2 days. These findings suggest that benthic algal blooms, enhanced by climate change and eutrophication, can negatively affect the populations of fucalean species due to production of ammonium during the decay of mucilaginous aggregates, causing thallus necrosis.
Notification of biochemistry critical results and its clinical impact on outpatient care: experience in a Spanish tertiary hospital
Authors: Laguna Javier , Macias-Muñoz Laura , Bedini José Luis , Rico Naira
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The communication of critical results (CR) is considered an essential role in clinical laboratories to ensure patient safety. This is especially relevant to outpatients, who are non-hospitalized and more difficult to locate. In our laboratory, there is a specific protocol for CR management that sets up the communication pathway to adequately provide these results to clinicians. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of CR reporting on outpatient care.

Methods

This is a retrospective study focused on CR for biochemistry parameters in a clinical laboratory of a Spanish tertiary hospital during 2019. A total of 156 CR were determined and properly provided to clinicians. We collected CR, age, gender, and the requesting department. We also collected the medical action data resulting from the communication of the CR.

Results

Seventy-six outpatients (49%) were properly treated because of effective CR communication. Hypoglycemia was the most frequent event (33%), however, the greatest clinical impact was observed for patients with hyponatremia (100%), hyperkalemia (62%), hypokalemia (60%), and hypercalcemia (57%). Based on these findings, we evaluated new glucose alert thresholds depending on whether or not the outpatient was diabetic (1.7 and 2.2 mmol/L, respectively). Based on these new thresholds, we established a CR reporting protocol with 69% effectiveness in outpatients.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that CR communication in outpatients has a significant clinical impact. To increase the effectiveness of the CR reporting protocol, we propose to adjust alert thresholds according to pathology, department, and patient population.
Analysis of Backward Euler Primal DPG Methods
Authors: Führer Thomas , Heuer Norbert , Karkulik Michael
Published: July 2021

We analyze backward Euler time stepping schemes for a primal DPG formulation of a class of parabolic problems.
Optimal error estimates are shown in a natural norm and in the

L
2

{L^{2}}

norm of the field variable.
For the heat equation the solution of our primal DPG formulation equals the solution of a standard Galerkin scheme and, thus, optimal error bounds are found in the literature.
In the presence of advection and reaction terms, however, the latter identity is not valid anymore and the analysis of optimal error bounds requires to resort to elliptic projection operators.
It is essential that these operators be projections with respect to the spatial part of the PDE, as in standard Galerkin schemes, and not with respect to the full PDE at a time step, as done previously.
Variations in heartwood formation and wood density as a function of age and plant spacing in a fast-growing eucalyptus plantation
Authors: Santos Lourdes Maria Hilgert , Almeida Maria Naruna Felix de , Silva João Gabriel Missia da , Vidaurre Graziela Baptista , Hein Paulo Ricardo Gherardi , Silva Gilson Fernandes da , Zanuncio Antonio José Vinha , Fraga Filho Clayton Vieira , Campinhos Eduardo Nogueira , Mafia Reginaldo Goncalves , Arantes Marina Donária Chaves , Tomazello-Filho Mario , Oliveira Michel Picanço , Rocha Quinny Soares , Minini Daniela , Melo Alexa Barglini de , Amorim Gabriela Aguiar
Published: July 2021

The heartwood formation process is little known in fast growing plantation woods. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine how planting spacing and tree age affect the formation and proportion of heartwood and sapwood, as well as the density of eucalyptus wood. Trees from a eucalyptus clonal plantation (Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla hybrid) cultivated in three spacings (3 × 1, 3 × 2 and 3 × 3 m) were sampled at 14, 27, 32, 53, 64 and 76 months of age. Heartwood percentage was quantified with Dimethyl yellow indicator, while the wood density was determined by X-ray densitometry. The heartwood percentage, wood volume, heartwood density and wood density were correlated with the different growth rates. The heartwood formation process started between 32 and 53 months, regardless of spacing. The heartwood proportion doubled with increasing age in the widest spacing and increased about four times in 3 × 1 and 3 × 2 m spacing. The planting spacing influenced the growth rates of the trees, but did not affect the heartwood and sapwood percentage or density. The greatest increase in density values occurred between the first year of growth (14 months) and the beginning of heartwood formation (53 months).
Two families of pro-𝑝 groups that are not absolute Galois groups
Authors: Quadrelli Claudio
Published: July 2021

Let 𝑝 be a prime. We produce two new families of pro-𝑝 groups which are not realizable as absolute Galois groups of fields. To prove this, we use the 1-smoothness property of absolute Galois pro-𝑝 groups. Moreover, we show in these families, one has several pro-𝑝 groups which may not be ruled out as absolute Galois groups employing the quadraticity of Galois cohomology (a consequence of the norm residue theorem), or the vanishing of Massey products in Galois cohomology.
Research on QR image code recognition system based on artificial intelligence algorithm
Authors: Huo Lina , Zhu Jianxing , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Pavlovich Pljonkin Anton
Published: July 2021

The QR code recognition often faces the challenges of uneven background fluctuations, inadequate illuminations, and distortions due to the improper image acquisition method. This makes the identification of QR codes difficult, and therefore, to deal with this problem, artificial intelligence-based systems came into existence. To improve the recognition rate of QR image codes, this article adopts an improved adaptive median filter algorithm and a QR code distortion correction method based on backpropagation (BP) neural networks. This combination of artificial intelligence algorithms is capable of fitting the distorted QR image into the geometric deformation pattern, and QR code recognition is accomplished. The two-dimensional code distortion is addressed in this study, which was a serious research issue in the existing software systems. The research outcomes obtained after emphasizing on the preprocessing stage of the image revealed that a significant improvement of 14% is observed for the reading rate of QR image code, after processing by the system algorithm in this article. The artificial intelligence algorithm adopted has a certain effect in improving the recognition rate of the two-dimensional code image.
Partial remission in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: an analysis based on the insulin dose-adjusted hemoglobin A1c
Authors: Cimbek Emine Ayça , Bozkır Aydın , Usta Deniz , Beyhun Nazım Ercüment , Ökten Ayşenur , Karagüzel Gülay
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Most patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience a transient phase of partial remission (PR). This study aimed to identify the demographic and clinical factors associated with PR.

Methods

This was a longitudinal retrospective cohort study of 133 children and adolescents with T1D. PR was defined by the gold standard insulin dose-adjusted hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (IDAA1c) of ≤9.

Results

Remission was observed in 77 (57.9%) patients. At diagnosis, remitters had significantly higher pH (7.3 ± 0.12 vs. 7.23 ± 0.15, p=0.003), higher C-peptide levels (0.45 ± 0.31 ng/mL vs. 0.3 ± 0.22, p=0.003), and they were significantly older (9.3 ± 3.6 years vs. 7.3 ± 4.2, p=0.008) compared with non-remitters. PR developed more frequently in patients without diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (p=0.026) and with disease onset after age 5 (p=0.001). Patients using multiple daily insulin regimen were more likely to experience PR than those treated with a twice daily regimen (63.9 vs. 32%, p=0.004). Only age at onset was an independent predictor of PR (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1-1.25; p=0.044). Remitters had lower HbA1c levels and daily insulin requirement from diagnosis until one year after diagnosis (p<0.001). PR recurred in 7 (9%) patients. The daily insulin requirement at three months was lower in remitters with PR recurrence compared to those without (0.23 ± 0.14 vs. 0.4 ± 0.17 U/kg/day, p=0.014).

Conclusions

Addressing factors associated with the occurrence of PR could provide a better comprehension of metabolic control in T1D. The lack of DKA and higher C-peptide levels may influence PR, but the main factor associated with PR presence was older age at onset. PR may recur in a small proportion of patients.
Red, black, and white hearts: ‘heart’, ‘liver’, and ‘lungs’ in typological and areal perspective
Authors: Urban Matthias
Published: July 2021

On the basis of a sample of 424 languages or dialects, this article provides a typological-comparative investigation of designations for three major internal organs of the torso, the ‘heart’, the ‘liver’, and the ‘lungs’. While colexification patterns are relatively unconstrained, the data show a skewing in morphologically complex terms: ‘heart’ and ‘liver’ often serve as head nouns in complex terms for ‘lungs’, but the reverse is rare. Another recurrent phenomenon is that two of the organs –sometimes ‘heart’ and ‘lungs’, but more frequently ‘liver’ and ‘lungs’– share their head noun, and are distinguished from one another by modifiers that refer to their most salient characteristics, as in Azerbaijaniaɣ ǯiyær‘white ǯiyær’ = ‘lungs’ andgara-ǯiyær‘black-ǯiyær’ = ‘liver’. Having thus set the typological stage, I move on to discuss two different regions of the world in which such terms for ‘lungs’ and ‘liver’ have spread through language contact. This has happened in Eurasia, where the abovementioned pattern, which I call “explicitly dyadic”, was brought from Turkish to vernaculars of the Balkans and, most likely through Azerbaijani influence, to languages of the Southern Caucasus. Similar explicitly dyadic terms, but based on a head noun meaning ‘heart’, also occur in the Andes, where they appear to have spread from Quechuan to Barbacoan languages. The evidence not only shows that ‘liver’ and ‘lungs’ form a “semantic dyad” in which designations make use of “opposed characteristics” in different regions of the world, but also that such designations are salient and therefore prone to spread in language contact situations.
Erfüllungsfiguren im Zeitalter ihrer Fragmentierung
Authors: Moxter Michael
Published: July 2021

Der folgende Beitrag diskutiert die Frage, ob und in welchem Sinne von Vollendung des Menschen heute noch die Rede sein könne. Gründe für eine skeptische Zurückhaltung erklären sich aus einem Bild der Moderne, nach dem diese im Abbau antiker Vorstellungen ein nach-metaphysisches Denken auf den Weg bringt. Doch ist die Lage nicht so eindeutig wie in solchen Überzeugungen suggeriert wird. Das zeigt sich vor dem Hintergrund einiger begrifflichen Klärungen (I.) an einschlägigen Motiven der Selbstbeschreibung der Moderne (II.) sowie an der Bedeutung, die das Fragmentarische in ihr hat (III.). An Kants Früh- und Spätwerk zeigt sich, wie präsent Erfüllungsfiguren auch diesseits der kritischen Philosophie bleiben (IV.). Bei Hans Blumenberg findet sich eine phänomenologische und näherhin anthropologische Begründung für deren Beharrungskraft (V.). Die interne Korrelation zwischen Fragmentarität und Vollendung kann theologisch als Resultat eines reflektierten Umgangs mit Enttäuschungen gedeutet werden, die dennoch das Phänomen der Erwartung nicht aus der Welt schaffen. Und das ist auch gut so. Denn die Resistenz des Vollendungsgedankens wirft Licht auf die conditio humana, die sich in Kritik und Endlichkeitsbewusstsein nicht erschöpft, sondern im Verhältnis zum Unbedingten steht (VI.).
Ein vollkommener Kyniker
Authors: Lucci Antonio
Published: July 2021

Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die griechische philosophische Strömung des Kynismus durch die Linse des Asketismus. Nach einer Darstellung des griechischen Konzepts der askesis, verstanden als Übung zur Vervollkommnung (§1), werden die Geschichte und die Hauptmerkmale des Kynismus rekonstruiert (§2) und die Bedeutung der Askese für diese Strömung dargestellt (§3). In §4 wird gezeigt, wie das kynische Konzept der Askese, das auf die Vervollkommnung des Subjekts durch eine Reihe von kontinuierlichen Übungen abzielt, im griechischen Kontext sowohl in Opposition zu den rituellen und magischen Praktiken der Volksreligiosität als auch zu den Fleischopfern mit politischer Bedeutung der Polis zu interpretieren ist.
Empathische Transzendenz – transzendente Empathie
Authors: Loew Léonard
Published: July 2021

Einfühlung wird ideengeschichtlich an das Konzept der Selbstperfektionierung geknüpft und insofern im Modus der Defizienz verhandelt. Dabei fungieren antike und mittelalterliche Diskurse um Gotteserkenntnis als historisch-konzeptionelle Vorläufer neuzeitlichmoderner Erklärungsfolien zwischenmenschlicher Alterität, mithin als semantische Vorform der zeitgenössischen Einfühlungs-Idee. In diesem Kontext ist eine ethisch-epistemologische Asymmetrie zu konstatieren, die Gott einerseits als den All-Empathischen beschreibt und zugleich die Erkenntnisbemühungen des Menschen als unabgeschlossen und prozessual vorstellt. Einfühlung produziert sich als regulative Idee im doppelten Sinne: Während Gott alsempathische Transzendenzerscheint, bedarf es unendlicher Annäherungsbewegungen, damit der Mensch sich in einem Akttranszendenter Empathiein Gott einfühlen kann. Durch die Etablierung dieser Vorstellungsverbindung hat das Innenleben des Anderen eine transzendente Aufladung erfahren. Das Fremdpsychische wurde zum modernen Mysterium.
Vollendung durch Abstinenz – Motive und Praktiken sittlich-religiöser Perfektionierung in der katholischen Jugendbewegung Quickborn
Authors: Maier Alexander
Published: July 2021

Religion und Vervollkommnung – des Einzelnen wie der Kirche bzw. der Christenheit – sind eng miteinander verwoben und gründen auf der Überzeugung, den Einzelnen für das Reich Gottes vorbereiten zu müssen bzw. dieses als Kirche in der Welt zu repräsentieren. Nicht zuletzt ist die asketische Tradition des Christentums im Dienst dieses Zieles zu sehen, die durch eine methodische Lebensführung den Wandel der Seele zum Guten erreichen wollte. Gnadentheologisch war dies umstritten, weil die Möglichkeit des Menschen dazu beizutragen – je nach theologischer Position – unterschiedlich gewertet wurde. Je optimistischer man hinsichtlich des menschlichen Beitrags war, umso generativer waren diese Konzepte in pädagogischer Hinsicht. Die 1909 gegründete katholische Jugendbewegung Quickborn, in der Schüler/innen höherer Schulen aktiv waren, stellt ein gutes Beispiel dafür dar, wie Religion zum Mittel sittlich-religiöser Vervollkommnung wurde. Um angesichts einer rasanten Modernisierung für gebildete junge Katholiken weiterhin relevant zu bleiben, musste an aktuellen Strömungen wie dem Abstinenzideal angeknüpft werden. Dieses war in der Reformpädagogik sowie in der Lebens- und Sozialreform um 1900 im Kaiserreich sehr präsent und konnte offenbar in Verbindung mit dem Jugendmotiv neuen religiösen Enthusiasmus wecken. Der Beitrag untersucht die Motive einer Sakralisierung der Abstinenz, ihrer pädagogischen Ziele und erwarteten Wirkungen z.B. auf Körper, Seeleoder Volk sowie die verschiedenen Praktiken der Selbsterziehung und fragt schließlich danach, ob in der Verbindung von Religion und Perfektion nicht Transzendenz, konkrete Humanität(H. R. Schlette), Gnade (Kontingenz) und Fragment als doch immerhin zentrale Dimensionen biblischen Christentums ausgeblendet wurden.
Destruktion und Perfektion: Zum Wechselspiel von Vernichtung und Vervollkommnung im Hinduismus
Authors: Chakkarath Pradeep
Published: July 2021

Eine geradezu mythologische Narration des Okzidents besagt, dass der Mensch mit der europäischen Aufklärung begonnen habe, sein Schicksal nicht mehr übergeordneten Instanzen zu überlassen, sondern es im mutigen Vertrauen auf die eigenen Potenzen in die eigene Hand zu nehmen. Mal abgesehen davon, dass dieser Topos vom selbstbestimmten Menschen die Mythologien und Heldenepen zahlreicher, auch nichteuropäischer Kulturen prägt, scheint an der neuzeitlichen europäischen Narration doch zumindest auffällig, ihr Ideal von Selbstwerdung wie auch gesellschaftlicher und individueller Vervollkommnung an die Vorstellung stetigen Fortschritts zu binden. Am Beispiel einiger zentraler hinduistischer Vorstellungen werde ich aus einer kulturpsychologischen Perspektive zu skizzieren versuchen, dass individuelle Perfektionierung auch in kosmologischen Vorstellungen als möglich gedacht werden kann, in denen stetige Auflösung und Zerstörung als Prinzip alles Seins betont werden. Abschließend werden einige knappe Überlegungen dazu angestellt, wie derartige Vorstellungen dazu beitragen können, bestimmte Aspekte gegenwärtiger Gesellschaft und Politik umfassender zu analysieren.

Sri Krishna:

Ich bin der Tod, der Zerstörer von Welten.

[...] Ich bin die Zeit, die Verschwenderin von Völkern. Ich mache den Augenblick reif für ihren Zerfall.

Arjuna:

Feuergesichtiger, du hauchst die Welten zu Asche. [...] Die furchtbaren Hauer all deiner Münder knirschen. [...] In deinem grausamen Rachen liegen sie alle, auch die Krieger, ihre Häupter zertrümmert.

(Verse aus der Bhagavadgita, Kap. 11)
Simultaneous demodulation comparison of fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors connected in parallel and series
Authors: Liao Jie , Feng Wenlin , Yang Xiaozhan
Published: July 2021

In this work, the spectra of two fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors in parallel and series connection were studied. The spectrum of the parallel structure is a simple superposition of the two sensors’ spectrum, and that of the series structure can be regarded as the interference occurring in two Fabry–Perot sensors successively. The sensors’ optical path difference can be obtained and separated by using the theoretical formula to fit the normalized spectrum of parallel or series structure, which showed that two or more Fabry–Perot sensors can be simultaneously demodulated by the spectrum fitting method.
Cellular and Behavioral Characterization ofPcdh19Mutant Mice: subtle Molecular Changes, Increased Exploratory Behavior and an Impact of Social Environment
Authors: Galindo-Riera Natalia , Newbold Sylvia Adriana , Sledziowska Monika , Llinares-Benadero Cristina , Griffiths Jessica , Mire Erik , Martinez-Garay Isabel
Published: July 2021

Mutations in the X-linked cell adhesion protein PCDH19 lead to seizures, cognitive impairment, and other behavioral comorbidities when present in a mosaic pattern. Neither the molecular mechanisms underpinning this disorder nor the function of PCDH19 itself are well understood. By combining RNAin situhybridization with immunohistochemistry and analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, we revealPcdh19expression in cortical interneurons and provide a first account of the subtypes of neurons expressingPcdh19/PCDH19, both in the mouse and the human cortex. Our quantitative analysis of thePcdh19mutant mouse exposes subtle changes in cortical layer composition, with no major alterations of the main axonal tracts. In addition,Pcdh19mutant animals, particularly females, display preweaning behavioral changes, including reduced anxiety and increased exploratory behavior. Importantly, our experiments also reveal an effect of the social environment on the behavior of wild-type littermates ofPcdh19mutant mice, which show alterations when compared with wild-type animals not housed with mutants.
Simulated impacts of relative climate change and river discharge regulation on sea ice and oceanographic conditions in the Hudson Bay Complex
Authors: Lukovich Jennifer V. , Jafarikhasragh Shabnam , Myers Paul G. , Ridenour Natasha A. , de la Guardia Laura Castro , Hu Xianmin , Grivault Nathan , Marson Juliana , Pennelly Clark , Stroeve Julienne C. , Sydor Kevin , Wong Karen , Stadnyk T. A. , Barber D. G.
Published: July 2021

In this analysis, we examine relative contributions from climate change and river discharge regulation to changes in marine conditions in the Hudson Bay Complex using a subset of five atmospheric forcing scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), river discharge data from the Hydrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE) model, both naturalized (without anthropogenic intervention) and regulated (anthropogenically controlled through diversions, dams, reservoirs), and output from the Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean Ice-Ocean model for the 1981–2070 time frame. Investigated in particular are spatiotemporal changes in sea surface temperature, sea ice concentration and thickness, and zonal and meridional sea ice drift in response to (i) climate change through comparison of historical (1981–2010) and future (2021–2050 and 2041–2070) simulations, (ii) regulation through comparison of historical (1981–2010) naturalized and regulated simulations, and (iii) climate change and regulation combined through comparison of future (2021–2050 and 2041–2070) naturalized and regulated simulations. Also investigated is use of the diagnostic known as e-folding time spatial distribution to monitor changes in persistence in these variables in response to changing climate and regulation impacts in the Hudson Bay Complex. Results from this analysis highlight bay-wide and regional reductions in sea ice concentration and thickness in southwest and northeast Hudson Bay in response to a changing climate, and east-west asymmetry in sea ice drift response in support of past studies. Regulation is also shown to amplify or suppress the climate change signal. Specifically, regulation amplifies sea surface temperatures from April to August, suppresses sea ice loss by approximately 30% in March, contributes to enhanced sea ice drift speed by approximately 30%, and reduces meridional circulation by approximately 20% in January due to enhanced zonal drift. Results further suggest that the offshore impacts of regulation are amplified in a changing climate.
A baseline evaluation of oceanographic and sea ice conditions in the Hudson Bay Complex during 2016–2018
Authors: Lukovich Jennifer V. , Jafarikhasragh Shabnam , Tefs A. , Myers Paul G. , Sydor K. , Wong K. , Stroeve Julienne C. , Stadnyk T. A. , Babb D. , Barber D. G.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we examine sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice conditions in the Hudson Bay Complex as a baseline evaluation for the BaySys 2016–2018 field program time frame. Investigated in particular are spatiotemporal patterns in SST and sea ice state and dynamics, with rankings of the latter to highlight extreme conditions relative to the examined 1981–2010 climatology. Results from this study show that SSTs in northwestern Hudson Bay from May to July, 2016–2018, are high relative to the climatology for SST (1982–2010). SSTs are also warmer in 2016 and 2017 than in 2018 relative to their climatology. Similarly, unusually low sea ice cover existed from August to December of 2016 and July to September of 2017, while unusually high sea ice cover existed in January, February, and October of 2018. The ice-free season was approximately 20 days longer in 2016 than in 2018. Unusually high ice-drift speeds occurred in April of 2016 and 2017 and in May of 2018, coinciding with strong winds in 2016 and 2018 and following strong winds in March 2017. Strong meridional circulation was observed in spring of 2016 and winter of 2017, while weak meridional circulation existed in 2018. In a case study of an extreme event, a blizzard from 7 to 9 March 2017, evaluated using Lagrangian dispersion statistics, is shown to have suppressed sea ice deformation off the coast of Churchill. These results are relevant to describing and planning for possible future pathways and scenarios under continued climate change and river regulation.
Riesgo de impactación temprana de caninos maxilares en radiografías panorámicas clínicas Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga
Authors: Olaciregui Hernández María Camila , Flórez Bayona Gabriela , Fernández Faverola Luisanna , Castellanos Rodríguez María Camila , Peñuela Sánchez Adriana Esperanza , Torres Murillo Ethman Ariel
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de impactación temprana de caninos maxilares por medio de la radiografía panorámica en niños etapa dentición mixta que asistieron a las clínicas de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Floridablanca en el periodo del 2018 a 2020.Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico de corte transversal; analizando las variables: edad, sexo; etapa dentición mixta y estadio de nolla del canino maxilar; para determinar el riesgo de impactación del canino maxilar; utilizando la radiografía panorámica se utilizó el método de Ericson y Kurol; en el que, si el canino estaba en posición 4 o 5, el ángulo alfa era mayor a 25°, el ángulo beta era mayor a 35,6° o la distancia de la cúspide del canino al plano oclusal era mayor a 18,46 mm, se consideraba que el diente estaba en riesgo de impactación temprana. Este estudio fue clasificado como investigación sin riesgo y fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad Santo Tomás.Resultados: Se evaluaron 171 radiografías de niños y niñas con edades de 9,3 ± 1,1 años; el 56,7% de las participantes eran niñas. El estadio de nolla más frecuente en la investigación fue de formación radicular de 2/3; con un 47,6% y la posición según Ericson y Kurol fue la 1 en un 89,4%. Los niños que presentaron riesgo de impactación tenían en promedio 9,7 ± 1,0 años. La mayoría de dientes con riesgo de impactación estaban en el segundo periodo transicional con un 51,7% y el no riesgo de impactación estaban en el periodo intertransicional con un 66,2% (p=0,010).Conclusiones: El riesgo de impactación temprana de caninos maxilares se diagnosticó en el 10,8% de los caninos evaluados por medio de la radiografía panorámica lo que indica la necesidad de un diagnóstico temprano.