bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Deep Learning-Based Detection Scheme for MIMO Communication Systems
Authors: Ibarra-Hernández Roilhi F. , Castillo-Soria Francisco R. , Gutiérrez Carlos A. , Del-Puerto-Flores José Alberto , Acosta-Elias Jesus , Rodriguez-Abdala Viktor I. , Palacios-Luengas Leonardo
Published: January 2025

Multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) is a key enabling technology for the next generation of wireless communication systems. However, one of the main challenges in the implementation of MIMO system is the complexity of the detectors when the number of antennas increases. This aspect will be crucial in the implementation of future massive MIMO systems. A flexible design can offer a convenient tradeoff between detection complexity and bit error rate (BER). Deep learning (DL) has emerged as an efficient method for solving optimization problems in different areas. In MIMO communication systems, neural networks can provide efficient and innovative solutions. This paper presents an efficient DL-based signal detection strategy for MIMO communication systems. More specifically, a preprocessing stage is added to label the input signals. The labeling scheme provides more information about the transmitted symbols for better training. Based on this strategy, two novel schemes are proposed and evaluated considering BER performance and detection complexity. The performance of the proposed schemes is compared with the conventional one-hot (OH) scheme and the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. The results show that the proposed OH per antenna (OHA) and direct symbol encoding (DSE) schemes reach a classification performance F1-score of 0.97. Both schemes present a lower complexity compared with the conventional OH and the ML schemes, used as references. On the other hand, the OHA and DSE schemes have losses of less than 1 dB and 2 dB in BER performance, respectively, compared to the OH scheme. The proposed strategy can be applied to adaptive systems where computational resources are limited.
IR Sensors, Related Materials, and Applications
Authors: Argirusis Nikolaos , Achilleos Achilleas , Alizadeh Niyaz , Argirusis Christos , Sourkouni Georgia
Published: January 2025

Infrared (IR) sensors are widely used in various applications due to their ability to detect infrared radiation. Currently, infrared detector technology is in its third generation and faces enormous challenges. IR radiation propagation is categorized into distinct transmission windows with the most intriguing aspects of thermal imaging being mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR). Infrared detectors for thermal imaging have many uses in industrial applications, security, search and rescue, surveillance, medical, research, meteorology, climatology, and astronomy. Presently, high-performance infrared imaging technology mostly relies on epitaxially grown structures of the small-bandgap bulk alloy mercury–cadmium–telluride (MCT), indium antimonide (InSb), and GaAs-based quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), contingent upon the application and wavelength range. Nanostructures and nanomaterials exhibiting appropriate electrical and mechanical properties including two-dimensional materials, graphene, quantum dots (QDs), quantum dot in well (DWELL), and colloidal quantum dot (CQD) will significantly enhance the electronic characteristics of infrared photodetectors, transition metal dichalcogenides, and metal oxides, which are garnering heightened interest. The present manuscript gives an overview of IR sensors, their types, materials commonly used in them, and examples of related applications. Finally, a summary of the manuscript and an outlook on prospects are given.
Phase Tandem Low-Coherence Interferometry for Surface Vibration Measurements
Authors: Volkov Petr , Bobrov Alexander , Goryunov Alexander , Kovrigin Mark , Lukyanov Andrey , Semikov Daniil , Vyazankin Oleg
Published: January 2025

The development of optical methods for surface vibration measurements is currently of great interest. We propose a modified tandem low-coherence technique that utilizes the phase information of the low-coherence signal to detect surface vibrations. The resolution of this scheme is less than 1 nm for a 20 kHz bandwidth. The proposed technique is not just limited to measurements of surface vibrations, but it can also be used for interferometric fiber-optic sensors.
The Application of Integrated Force and Temperature Sensors to Enhance Orthotic Treatment Monitoring in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zou Yiying , Zhou Lejun , Wang Jinhao , Lou Edmond , Wong Man-Sang
Published: January 2025

Orthosis-wearing compliance is crucial for achieving positive treatment outcomes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), for whom 23 h of daily wear is typically prescribed. However, self-reported compliance is subjective and often based on patients’ memory, leading to inaccuracies. While portable electronic devices have been developed to objectively monitor compliance, relying solely on temperature or force data can be insufficient. This study introduced a novel method that integrated both force and temperature data to estimate orthosis-wearing compliance. Twelve patients (eight females and four males) diagnosed with moderate AIS were included. Each patient was prescribed a thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthosis equipped with an integrated force and temperature sensor system. After one month of orthotic treatment, self-reported wear time averaged 17.8 ± 6.2 h/day, while the sensor indicated an average wear time of 13.3 ± 5.0 h/day. Most patients overestimated their compliance. Nighttime was the most common period for orthosis wear (6.1 h/day), whereas compliance during school hours (2.8 h/day) and after-school hours (3.7 h/day) was lower. The integration of force and temperature sensors provides a more comprehensive understanding of orthosis compliance. Future studies with larger samples and longer monitoring periods are needed to investigate the correlation between compliance and treatment outcomes.
Organic Farming Is an Important Way to Achieve Low Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil
Authors: Shen Zhijie , Liu Jing , Zhang Mengmeng , Ma Maoting , Kang Lingyun , Liu Fenwu , Du Lianfeng
Published: January 2025

In this study, the accumulation characteristics of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, and Pb in 63 soil samples from 28 organic farms in Beijing, China, were analyzed to investigate the risk of heavy metal pollution in organic agriculture, and the key related factors were evaluated. The results revealed that the As, Hg, Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations in the soil samples were below the risk screening values and substantially lower than those in the soil under conventional agriculture. However, the coefficients of variation for Hg and Cd were 112.45% and 38.34%, respectively, indicating a notable anthropogenic impact. Notably, 35.92% of the sampling sites had medium to high potential ecological risk values for Cd, and the Cd concentration increased considerably as the number of planting years increased. Different crop types impacted the soil heavy metal concentrations. The concentrations of Cd and As in the soil of Brassica crops were 0.265 and 12.915 mg/kg, respectively, which were substantially higher than those in the soil of other crop types. The Random Forest model indicated that soil nutrients had the most significant impact on soil heavy metal accumulation, particularly phosphorus. In conclusion, compared with conventional agriculture, organic agricultural soils have lower heavy metal concentrations and exhibit lower ecological risks, with no significant heavy metal pollution detected. However, there is a risk of Cd accumulation, and preventive measures should be implemented, especially for soils under prolonged cultivation and with potential sources of heavy Cd inputs.
Assessment and Insights into the Awareness and Readiness of Organizations to Implement the Assumptions of Industry 5.0: An Examination of Five Polish Sectors
Authors: Bartuś Kamila , Kocot Maria , Sączewska-Piotrowska Anna
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to assess the level of awareness and readiness of organizations to implement the assumptions of Industry 5.0, as well as to identify the benefits and challenges associated with this process. The paper makes an original contribution by combining empirical analysis with the proposal of a practical model, enabling a better understanding of the technological and social transformation process in Polish organizations. The article presents an original model for implementing the assumptions of Industry 5.0, integrating technological, social, and organizational aspects, offering a comprehensive approach to transformation towards sustainable and human-centered development. The study was conducted among 556 Polish companies from five sectors: IT, automotive, industrial, service, and banking/financial, using a non-random sampling method and data analysis through techniques such as association rules and hierarchical clustering. The research results indicate that most organizations are familiar with the basics of the Industry 5.0 concept (25% full knowledge, 66% partial knowledge), but only a portion is engaged in the transformation process (59%), which typically takes place gradually (53%). The most commonly reported benefit of Industry 5.0 by organizations was improved product and service quality (73%), while the most frequently cited challenges included the need for staff training (58%), ensuring data and network security (53%), and modernizing infrastructure and systems (52%). Benefits such as improved product quality, increased production efficiency, and cost optimization are primarily recognized by companies in the IT and industrial sectors. At the same time, challenges such as the need to modernize infrastructure and ensure data security, as well as implementation costs, remain significant barriers, particularly for small- and medium-sized enterprises. The research findings have practical significance as they provide companies and decision-makers with guidance on effective planning and implementation of actions related to the implementation of Industry 5.0.
Concentrations and Source Apportionment of Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in Aircraft Cabins
Authors: Dong Xinyue , Yin Yihui , Pei Jingjing , Qu Meinan
Published: January 2025

The aircraft cabin provides a unique indoor environment compared to other building environments. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is widely found in cabins and has clear adverse health impacts. This study investigated the PCE pollution characteristics in 56 aircraft cabins using on-flight Tenax-TA tube sampling and GC-MS analysis. PCE was detected at a high rate of 79% in sampled flights, indicating widespread contamination within the cabins. The mean concentration of PCE was 10.12 μg/m3, exceeding the 2.06 μg/m3 observed in residences in a previous study. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to identify potential sources of PCE in cabins. Six categories of sources were determined, including in-cabin cleaning products, aircraft cleaning/maintenance, cabin interior material, aircraft and vehicle exhaust, non-fuel oil and ozone-associated chemical reactions. The biggest PCE source in cabins was attributed to in-cabin cleaning products (45.30%), followed by cabin interior materials (24.90%), and aircraft cleaning/maintenance (19.82%). The findings of this study are beneficial to improving aircraft cabin air quality, reducing harmful pollutant exposure for cabin crew and passengers.
Development and Application of a Diagnosis and Evaluation System for Product Safety Management in Manufacturing Companies: A Case Study of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Companies in Korea
Authors: Ban Seunghyun , Yun Seungmo , Lee Seunghyun
Published: January 2025

Product safety is a significant issue, and leading industrialized nations, which are largely based on manufacturing, invest considerable time and resources to address product safety-related challenges. The social issues surrounding product safety can directly impact consumers’ health and safety, and failing to comply with product safety standards or providing inaccurate information to consumers can infringe on consumer rights. Therefore, product safety must be approached as a social issue with broad societal implications, necessitating government efforts to manage and oversee these concerns. Simplifying the complexities of product safety management and developing a systematic evaluation framework at the government level are essential. Product safety is a socially significant issue, and leading industrialized nations, which are largely based on manufacturing, invest considerable time and resources to address product safety-related challenges. This study developed a product safety evaluation framework for manufacturing companies based on Korean consumers’ awareness of product safety. It was designed to comprehensively assess manufacturing companies’ technological, procedural, and perceptual levels from a product safety perspective. A total of 101 companies participated, categorized into 43 electrical product manufacturers, 22 daily goods manufacturers, and 36 children’s product manufacturers. The primary goal of this evaluation framework is to enable companies to conduct self-assessments and ultimately promote a culture of product safety. Additionally, the framework aims to assist the government in establishing a systematic product safety evaluation system.
Sustainability of Hunting in Community-Based Wildlife Management in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Mahabale Deepankar , Bodmer Richard , Pizuri Osnar , Uraco Paola , Chota Kimberlyn , Antunez Miguel , Groombridge Jim
Published: January 2025

Conservation strategies that use sustainable use of natural resources through green-labelled markets generally do not recognize the legal sale of wild meat as appropriate due to potential overexploitation and zoonotic disease risks. Wildlife hunting is important to the livelihoods of rural communities living in tropical forests for protein and income. Wildlife management plans in the Peruvian Amazon permit hunting of wild meat species for subsistence and sale at sustainable levels, that include peccaries, deer, and large rodents. These species have fast reproduction making them less vulnerable to overhunting than other species. This study assessed the sustainability of a wildlife management plan. Populations of species were estimated using camera traps and distance transect surveys, and sustainability analysis used hunting pressure from community hunting registers. Interviews were conducted to understand hunters, perceptions of the management plan. Long-term time-series showed increases in collared peccary (3.0 individual/km2 to 5.41 individual/km2) and white-lipped peccary (3.50 individual/km2 to 7.00 individual/km2) populations and short-term time series showed a decline in paca populations from 8.5 individual/km2 to 3.01 individual/km2. The unified harvest analysis showed permitted species populations were greater than 60% of their carrying capacities and hunted at less than 40% of their production, which shows sustainable hunting. The wildlife management plan achieved its general objective of sustainable hunting and improving livelihoods. The broader question is whether sustainable wildlife use plans that allow Amazonian communities to sell limited amounts of wild meat can be a way to change illegal wild meat trade to a legal, green labelled trade with added value.
Research on the Influence Mechanism of Environment Social Government Performance in State-Owned Enterprise Value: The Role of Digital Transformation
Authors: Ji Jiunan , Zhang Junrui , Qu Wen
Published: January 2025

Under the background of sustainable development and high-quality development in China, it is of great significance to actively promote enterprises to practice ESG development concepts and digital transformation. This study uses a sample of state-owned companies in the Chinese capital market during the period from 2014 to 2020. The results of the research show that there is a U-shaped relationship between ESG performance and the value of state-owned enterprises. And digital transformation plays a positive moderating role in the relationship. The result of a further mechanism study indicates that ESG performance affects enterprise value by reducing the financing constraints. This study also examines the results using a dynamic panel model and endogeneity test method. Therefore, this study provides references to promote ESG practices and offers new insight into the role of digital transformation in state-owned companies. In order to pursue sustainable development and high-quality economic development, ESG practices and digital transformation should also be paid attention to in enterprises.
Exploring the Coexistence Between New Quality Productive Force Developments, Human Capital Level Improvements and Time Poverty from a Time Utilization Perspective
Authors: Wang Qiyan , Du Zhixian
Published: January 2025

The development of new quality productive forces and the improvement of human capital have significantly improved people’s material and spiritual living standards. However, this has not brought people time affluence. Time poverty is related to lower happiness and physical health, and should be of concern. This paper theoretically analyzes the relationship among new quality productive forces, human capital level and time poverty, and conducts an empirical study based on the data from the Residents’ Life Time Allocation Survey from 2006 to 2021. The results show that more than 40% of individuals feel time poverty. Under the combined influence of new quality productive forces and human capital level, individual work time is still increasing, while leisure time is decreasing, which has contributed to increased time poverty. Individuals participate in more leisure activities in less leisure time, so they do not fully enjoy their leisure time. Moreover, with the improvement of new quality productive forces and human capital level, individuals are more inclined to participate in cultural appreciation, educating children, amateur learning, etc., activities. These activities are more like the extension of work time, so that people feel that leisure time is dominated. All these effects are significantly different in terms of gender, marital status, occupation, family size and income.
The Psychological Mechanisms of Education for Sustainable Development: Environmental Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Social Norms as Mediators of Pro-Environmental Behavior Among University Students
Authors: Zhang Jianyang , Cao Aochen
Published: January 2025

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been widely promoted as a key strategy for fostering pro-environmental behavior, yet the psychological mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain inadequately understood. This study investigates how ESD participation influences pro-environmental behavior through the mediating roles of environmental attitudes, environmental self-efficacy, and social norm perceptions. Using structural equation modeling with data from 500 university students, we tested a comprehensive model integrating these psychological pathways. Environmental attitudes, mediating 56% of the effects, emerged as the strongest factor, followed by social norm perceptions (27%) and environmental self-efficacy (17%). These findings demonstrate full mediation through these psychological mechanisms, suggesting that ESD’s effectiveness depends on its ability to transform students’ environmental attitudes, strengthen their self-efficacy beliefs, and foster supportive social norms. These results contribute to both the theoretical understanding and practical implementation of ESD by highlighting the relative importance of different psychological pathways and suggesting targeted strategies for enhancing educational interventions. This study provides evidence-based insights for educators and policymakers seeking to design more effective sustainability education programs in higher education settings.
What Is Inside the Double–Double Structure of the Radio Galaxy J0028+0035?
Authors: Frey Sándor , Marecki Andrzej , Gabányi Krisztina Éva , Jamrozy Marek
Published: January 2025

The radio source J0028+0035 is a recently discovered double–double radio galaxy at redshift z=0.398. Its relic outer lobes are separated by about 3′ in the sky, corresponding to ∼1 Mpc projected linear size. Inside this large-scale structure, the inner pair of collinear lobes span about 100 kpc. In the arcsec-resolution radio images of J0028+0035, there is a central radio feature that offers the intriguing possibility of being resolved into a pc-scale, third pair of innermost lobes. This would make this radio galaxy a rare triple–double source where traces of three distinct episodes of radio activity could be observed. To reveal the compact radio structure of the central component, we conducted observation with the European Very Long Baseline Interferometer Network and the enhanced Multi Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network. Our 1.66 GHz image with high (∼5 milliarcsec) resolution shows a compact central radio core with no indication of a third, innermost double feature. The observation performed in multi-phase-centre mode also revealed that the physically unrelated but in projection closely separated background source 5BZU J0028+0035 has a single weak, somewhat resolved radio feature, at odds with its blazar classification.
Enhancing Decision-Making and Data Management in Healthcare: A Hybrid Ensemble Learning and Blockchain Approach
Authors: Rathee Geetanjali , Iqbal Razi
Published: January 2025

Currently, big data is considered one of the most significant areas of research and development. The advancement in technologies along with the involvement of intelligent and automated devices in each field of development leads to huge generation, analysis, and the recording of information in the network. Though a number of schemes have been proposed for providing accurate decision-making while analyzing the records, however, the existing methods lead to massive delays and difficulty in the management of stored information. Furthermore, the excessive delays in information processing pose a critical challenge to making accurate decisions in the context of big data. The aim of this paper is to propose an effective approach for accurate decision-making and analysis of the vast volumes of data generated by intelligent devices in the healthcare sector. The processed and managed records can be stored and accessed in a systematic and efficient manner. The proposed mechanism uses the hybrid of ensemble learning along with blockchain for fast and continuous recording and surveillance of information. The recorded information is analyzed using several existing methods focusing on various measurement outcomes. The results of the proposed technique are compared with existing techniques through various experiments that demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of this technique.
Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Morphology of Discovertebral Junction in Chronic Low Back Pain Subjects
Authors: Siriwananrangsun Palanan , Finkenstaedt Tim , Chen Karen C. , Bae Won C.
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic low back pain (LBP) has been associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, but its association with abnormal morphology at the discovertebral junction (DVJ) is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the DVJ morphology in asymptomatic (Asx) and symptomatic (Sx) subjects for LBP using ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI. Methods: We recruited 42 subjects (12 Asx and 32 Sx). Lumbar IVD degeneration was assessed using Pfirrmann grading (1 to 5), while the abnormality of DVJ (0 = normal; 1 = focal; 2 = broad abnormality) was assessed using UTE MRI. The effects of LBP and level on the mean IVD and DVJ grades, the correlation between IVD and DVJ grade, and the effect of LBP and age on the number of abnormal DVJs within a subject were determined. Results: IVD grade was higher in Sx subjects (p = 0.013), varying with disc level (p = 0.033), adjusted for age (p < 0.01). Similarly, DVJ grade was also significantly higher in Sx subjects (p = 0.001), but it did not vary with DVJ level (p = 0.7), adjusted for age (p = 0.5). There was a weak positive (rho = 0.344; p < 0.001) correlation between DVJ and IVD grade. The total number of abnormal DVJs within a subject was higher in Sx subjects (p < 0.001), but not with respect to age (p = 0.6) due to a large spread throughout the age range. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the feasibility of using in vivo UTE MRI of the lumbar spine to evaluate the DVJ and the correlation of DVJ with LBP. This study highlights the need for a better understanding of DVJ pathology and the inclusion of DVJ assessment in routine lumbar MRI.
The Role of Plant Virus-like Particles in Advanced Drug Delivery and Vaccine Development: Structural Attributes and Application Potential
Authors: Peralta-Cuevas Esperanza , Garcia-Atutxa Igor , Huerta-Saquero Alejandro , Villanueva-Flores Francisca
Published: January 2025

Plant virus-like particles (pVLPs) present distinct research advantages, including cost-effective production and scalability through plant-based systems, making them a promising yet underutilized alternative to traditional VLPs. Human exposure to plant viruses through diet for millions of years supports their biocompatibility and safety, making them suitable for biomedical applications. This review offers a practical guide to selecting pVLPs based on critical design factors. It begins by examining how pVLP size and shape influence cellular interactions, such as uptake, biodistribution, and clearance, key for effective drug delivery and vaccine development. We also explore how surface charge affects VLP–cell interactions, impacting binding and internalization, and discuss the benefits of surface modifications to enhance targeting and stability. Additional considerations include host range and biosafety, ensuring safe, effective pVLP applications in clinical and environmental contexts. The scalability of pVLP production across different expression systems is also reviewed, noting challenges and opportunities in large-scale manufacturing. Concluding with future perspectives, the review highlights the innovation potential of pVLPs in vaccine development, targeted therapies, and diagnostics, positioning them as valuable tools in biotechnology and medicine. This guide provides a foundation for selecting optimal pVLPs across diverse applications.
Strategies for the Viral Exploitation of Nuclear Pore Transport Pathways
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lim Keesiang , Qiu Yujia , Hazawa Masaharu , Wong Richard W.
Published: January 2025

Viruses frequently exploit the host’s nucleocytoplasmic trafficking machinery to facilitate their replication and evade immune defenses. By encoding specialized proteins and other components, they strategically target host nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) and nucleoporins within the spiderweb-like inner channel of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), enabling efficient access to the host nucleus. This review explores the intricate mechanisms governing the nuclear import and export of viral components, with a focus on the interplay between viral factors and host determinants that are essential for these processes. Given the pivotal role of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in the viral life cycle, we also examine therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting the host’s nuclear transport pathways. This includes evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological inhibitors in impairing viral replication and assessing their potential as antiviral treatments. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for continued research to develop targeted therapies that leverage vulnerabilities in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Emerging high-resolution techniques, such as advanced imaging and computational modeling, are transforming our understanding of the dynamic interactions between viruses and the NPC. These cutting-edge tools are driving progress in identifying novel therapeutic opportunities and uncovering deeper insights into viral pathogenesis. This review highlights the importance of these advancements in paving the way for innovative antiviral strategies.
Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Glutathione on Lactation Performance, Nutrients, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Health in Dairy Cows During the Transition Period
Authors: Hao Yu , Jiang Xuejie , Sun Rui , Bai Yunlong , Xu Chuang , Song Yuxi , Xia Cheng
Published: January 2025

Glutathione (GSH), widely present in plant and animal cells and crucial for combating oxidative stress and inflammation, has not been evaluated in dairy cows. This study aims to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected glutathione (RPGSH) supplementation on lactation, nutrient metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and health in transition dairy cows. Forty Holstein dairy cows (2.65 ± 0.78 of parity, 2.81 ± 0.24 of body condition score, 9207.56 ± 1139.18 kg of previous 305-day milk yield, 657.53 ± 55.52 kg of body weight, mean ± SD) were selected from a large cohort of 3215 cows on day 21 before expected calving (day −21 ± 3 d). Cows were randomly stratified into four dietary treatment groups (n = 10 per group): control (basal diet + 0 g/d RPGSH); T1 (basal diet + 1.5 g/d RPGSH); T2 (basal diet + 2 g/d RPGSH); and T3 (basal diet + 3 g/d RPGSH). Supplementation commenced approximately 21 days (±3) prepartum and continued through 21 days postpartum. Blood samples were collected at −21 ± 3, −14 ± 3, −7 ± 3, 0, 7, 14, and 21 d for analysis of serum metabolic parameters related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Milk composition was analyzed from samples collected on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 postpartum. Compared with the control group, supplementation with 2 g/d of RPGSH reduced somatic cell count (p < 0.05) and the incidence of postpartum diseases in dairy cows. No differences were observed among the groups in milk yield, milk fat, protein, lactose, total solids, dry matter intake, or energy-corrected milk. However, fat-corrected milk and feed efficiency were higher in the T2 group compared to the control (p < 0.05). Calcium and phosphorus levels did not differ among the groups. Compared to the control group, cows supplemented with 2 g/d RPGSH had lower β-hydroxybutyrate levels and higher glucose levels on days 14 and 21 postpartum (p < 0.05). From days 14 to 21 postpartum, RPGSH supplementation increased blood GSH, serum catalase, and total antioxidant capacity while reducing malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, haptoglobin, cortisol, C-reactive protein, and interleukin−6 levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The supplementation of 2 g/d RPGSH showed relatively better effects. RPGSH supplementation at 2 g/d improved lactation performance, nutrient metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation status in dairy cows, playing a crucial role in maintaining their health. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of supplementing RPGSH additive in Holstein cows.
A New Rapid Indirect ELISA Test for Serological Diagnosis of Feline Immunodeficiency
Authors: Ferrero Irene , Poletti Paolo , Giachino Enrica , Filipe Joel , Dall’Ara Paola
Published: January 2025

The Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a lentivirus belonging to Retroviridae family that affects feline immune cells, causing a progressive immunosuppression by depleting CD4+ T-lymphocytes, similarly to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Diagnosis is usually performed by clinicians using rapid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) or lateral flow tests that detect FIV antibodies. The aim of this work was the development of FIVCHECK Ab ELISA, a new rapid indirect assay for the detection of FIV antibodies in feline serum/plasma samples; FIVCHECK Ab ELISA was developed after a meticulous set-up and cut-off analysis through several methods, including the Youden’s index and ROC curve, to achieve the best test performance. The new kit was validated by testing 115 feline sera (38 positives and 77 negatives for FIV antibodies) against the ELISA rapid test SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo (IDEXX). Moreover, 103 sera (28 positives and 75 negatives) were also analyzed with two other rapid indirect ELISAss, INgezim FIV (Gold Standard Diagnostics) and VetLine FIV (NovaTec); FIVCHECK Ab ELISA agreed at 100% with SNAP (100% sensitivity, 95% confidence interval (CI): 88.5–100%; 100% specificity, 95% CI: 94.0–100%), 100% with INgezim FIV and 92.2% with VetLine FIV. Intra- and inter-assay accuracy and precision gave coefficients of variation lower than 10%. The new ELISA is a simple and quick test that provides reliable results for veterinary clinics and practices.
Simarouba berteroana Krug & Urb. Extracts and Fractions Possess Anthelmintic Activity Against Eggs and Larvae of Multidrug-Resistant Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Espino Ureña Marcos Javier , Katchborian-Neto Albert , Garcez Neto José Ribamar , da Silva Lopes Francisco Flávio , de Morais Selene Maia , Narciso dos Reis Vitor Eduardo , Cardoso Carmen Lúcia , Beserra de Oliveira Lorena Mayana , Viegas Jr. Claudio , Marques Marcos José , Correia Ribeiro Wesley Lyeverton
Published: January 2025

Gastrointestinal nematode infections significantly impact small ruminant production, causing substantial economic losses worldwide. The rising resistance to anthelmintics has led to the search for alternative treatments, including phytotherapeutic approaches. This study investigates the chemical composition and anthelmintic activity of crude extracts and fractions from Simarouba berteroana, an endemic plant from Hispaniola, against a multidrug-resistant isolate of Haemonchus contortus. Chemical analyses revealed high contents of phenolic compounds, tannins, and flavonoids and confirmed the presence of 22 quassinoids, 5 phytosterol lipids, 3 terpenoid quinones, 3 alkaloids, and 1 naphthoquinone. The hydroalcoholic and iso-butanol fractions showed the strongest egg hatching inhibition (IC50 = 0.93 and 1.21 mg/mL, respectively), while hexane fractions were less effective (p < 0.05). Fluorescence microscopy showed that the extracts and fractions adhered to eggshells, causing evisceration and cuticle detachment in hatched larvae. All extracts, except for hexane fractions, inhibited larval exsheathment at 0.3 mg/mL, with phenolic compounds being responsible for this effect. These results provide the first evidence of the ovicidal and larval exsheathment inhibition activities of S. berteroana extracts and fractions against H. contortus, highlighting their potential in managing gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Dar kartą apie Mišiolo (1501) glosas
Authors: Kabašinskaitė Birutė
Published: January 2025

The article narrows down the specification of the Lithuanian entries published by Sigitas Narbutas and Zigmas Zinkevičius in 1989 that had been found in the Latin Missale ad usum romane ecclesie (1501) and introduces a number of newly discovered glosses that make an addition to the compilation. The study found the Missal to contain a total of 95 glosses (158 words and 176 forms) that are used to translate certain parts in the Bible. Five cases that Narbutas and Zinkevičius considered dubious have been revised and updated with new knowledge: three of them are Lithuanian words or phrases – kunſcʒiais, niemielaſsirdingai; o beda; Kaip waikvi numirvſiá iß ʒivato matĳnaσ gimvſiam; two instances constitute text written in foreign languages – Lat. uiuere; Pol. dʒiedʒĳnĳ. Two entries now come with an indication of a conjecture: the participial ending dĳncivs; the prepositional compound or loanword precʒa. The five glosses that have been newly observed are these: ape piktadeias ~ apie piktadėjas, pakolai, ivadĳmo ~ įvedimo (įvadymo, įvadijimo), zemie₉₉ ~ žemėjejus (žemėjijus), ßakiełaes ~ šakelės. The entry ivadĳmo represents a special term referring to a holiday of Virgin Mary. The grapheme  in the entry ßakiełaes, just like the <æ> that occurs in some of the other glosses, is not typical of the eastern variant of the written language; these characters – as probably does the definite locative adjective zemie₉₉ (and some forms of the glosses that do not carry the typical eastern characteristics) – testify that at least one of the authors of the entries had been closely connected with the Kėdainiai region and its written texts, and perhaps the tradition of Lithuania Minor. The links that the glosses have with the tradition of Polish biblical texts made it possible to narrow down their dating. Most of the glosses ante quem date back to around 1580s, predating Jakub Wujek’s texts.
Jono Bretkūno Postilė (1591) Lietuvos nacionalinėje Martyno Mažvydo bibliotekoje (2024)
Authors: Aleknavičienė Ona
Published: January 2025

In September 2024, the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania (NLL ) procured a copy of the Postil (1591) by Jonas Bretkūnas (LNB NPDA F: D1406729/1591). It is the 11th copy kept on file at Lithuanian libraries and museums, and the third Postil outside of Bibliography of Lithuania Lietuvos bibliografija (LB I, 1969 and LBP, 1990) currently held at Lithuanian memory institutions. This copy of the Postil is the oldest Lithuanian book at the NLL . The goal of this article is to introduce the new copy to the academia and the culture society by describing its condition and binding, establishing its provenience, scrutinising the data attesting to the culture of reading and handwritten entries in particular. The copy is studied de visu according to the methodological analysis of the book, with a particular focus on dynamic factors: changes in the meaning of functions and the reciprocal relationship between the book and society. The proveniences testify that in the 19th century, this was a household book that had at least four owners: (1) the unnamed mother of Urtė Ostwald (until 1830); (2) Urtė Ostwald (as of 1830); (3) Friedrich Fritz Ostwald Jr.; (4) E. Skėrys (between 1860 and 1893, at the very least) of Senieji Vainočiai (Ger. Alt Weynothen in Prussian Lithuania, near to Tilžė [Ger. Tilsit]). The published testimony of the peers indicates that in the 20th century, (5) it belonged (until 1988) to Mina Bentkus (born in 1900) of Büsingen (German exclave in Switzerland), (6) and (as of 1988) to Fricas Skėrys (1919–1994) of Mannheim (Germany). In early 20th century, the book was transferred from its original location in Prussian Lithuania to Switzerland (to Feuerthalen near Schaffhausen), following the move of the home church community of Evangeliška liuteriška Betliejaus draugystė (The Evangelical Lutheran Fellowship of Bethlehem) under Rev. Endrikis Kalvaitis (Heinrich Kallweit, 1937– 1915) to the same country. In around mid-20th century, the religious books that Prussian Lithuanians had in their possession were collected by Mina Bentkus, who in 1988 handed them over to the German evangelical Lutheran priest Fricas Skėrys. The main hallmark which identifies the copy procured by the NLL as the one that Mina Bentkus had and passed on to Fricas Skėrys is the 1830 provenience by Urtė Ostwald, as recorded in Domas Kaunas’s 1991 de visu inventory of the Postil kept at Skėrys’s home.
Simono Daukanto bendradarbiavimo su Mikalojumi Akelaičiu rankraščiai (1858–1859, 1860–1864)
Authors: Subačius Giedrius
Published: January 2025

Two of Simonas Daukantas’s (1793–1864) important manuscripts were intended directly for his friend Mikalojus Akelaitis (1829–1887): Notes on Nesselmann’s Dictionary (PNŽ) and Lithuanian Orthography (LKR). In addition, Notes on Laurynas Ivinskis’s 1859 Calendar (PaIK) were also directly connected to Akelaitis’s projects. Daukantas wrote two of these texts (PNŽ and PaIK) in 1858–1859, when he and Akelaitis lived at the Svirlaukis estate (Courland, today Latvia) of doctor Petras Smuglevičius. He compiled the third text later, in Samogitia (Lowland Lithuania), obviously after 1859, most probably during the last period of his life in Papilė (1861–1864). Akelaitis was a driver of Daukantas’s philological thought, an inspirer, and a creator of intellectual context. These three manuscripts of Daukantas might appear as a result of a symbolic Svirlaukis academy of the two friends. Under Akelaitis’s influence, in about 1858– 1859, Daukantas returned to his abandoned manuscript of the Great Polish–Lithuanian Dictionary (DLL, 1852[3]–1855) and significantly supplemented its letter  section, wrote long comments to the dictionary of Nesselmann (PNŽ), and reviewed the language of Ivinskis’s 1859 calendar (PaIK). Ultimately, in his later letter, Daukantas wrote various comments on Lithuanian orthography, mostly explaining his perspective. Still, at the very end of his life, Daukantas might have aligned one orthographic feature with the pamphlets published by Akelaitis. Daukantas used to mark some endings as <‑a> (<‑ja>), but then in Papilė (1861–1864) he switched to the West Highland Lithuanian variant <‑o> (<‑jo>), which, among others, was typically used by Akelaitis.
The Preservation of the Social Order and Heterodox Religious Activities in Early Modern Japan
Authors: Yukihiro Ōhashi
Published: January 2025

This article reflects on the premises of interreligious coexistence in Edo Japan. It focuses on the practitioners of three religious groups deemed heterodox by the warrior authorities—Hidden Christians, covert Shin Buddhists (kakure nenbutsu ), and the kakushi nenbutsu (“those who conceal the invocation to the Buddha Amida”)—, while considering their position in local communities. If, on the one hand, early modern Japanese undoubtedly perceived Christianity—at least the altered image they had of it—as heretical and that it should be wiped out at all costs, on the other hand, the ambiguity of the concept of orthodoxy made the coexistence of various religious identities possible. The Japanese had multiple affiliations, whether religious, social, or economic, as in any society. The article shows that stability was often guaranteed by the priority given to the affiliation linked to social status, that is, the affiliation shared by the greatest number. However, at the end of the Edo period, the situation evolved. As the rulers and those ruled became more concerned with the orthodoxy of religious practices, tensions arose within the population and shattered the fragile balance between the different identities.
THEATRICAL AND DECORATIVE ART IN THE CONTEXT OF THEATRICAL FESTIVALS OF THE TRANSCARPATHIA
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Sabadash Yu.
Published: January 2025

The article examines theatrical and decorative art on the example of the development of theatre festivals in Transcarpathia in the period 1990-2024 in its historical aspect, shows the mechanisms of intercultural dialogue of theatre culture in the socio-cultural dimension of our time.
The research methodology includes an axiological method in determining the value criteria of representatives of different cultures and strata of society in a single cultural space during theatre festivals; a cultural and comparative method in identifying the features of international and all-Ukrainian theatre festivals in Transcarpathia in connection with certain conditions of the historical development of the region, the social condition of society and artistic communication of representatives of theatre and decorative art.
The scientific novelty lies in the study of the importance and organization of theatre festivals as they contribute to the development of theatre and decorative arts in the region and intercultural communication.
Key words: regional cultural practice, festival movement, theatre, performance, set design, costume, Transcarpathia.
THE AI MUSIC GENERATION: THE CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE INTERSECTION OF TRANSFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES WITH HUMAN CREATIVITY
Authors:   National Academy for Public Administration of Culture and Arts, Sadovenko O.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the creation, consumption and appreciation of music today. The latest advances in the music industry are shown to represent a paradigm shift in the creation, consumption and appreciation of music, opening exciting possibilities for humanity. The mechanics of AI-created music are compared with traditional methods of composition, highlighting both the strengths and limitations of both ways of creating music. The cultural and economic consequences of the widespread adoption of AI tools in the music industry are considered as well.
At the same time, the problem of preserving cultural heritage, the importance of questions about the future of human creativity and the authenticity of musical expression are emphasized. The focus is on issues such as the risk of homogenization, the erosion of musical traditions, potential cultural erosion, and the economic implications for composers.
Variants of effective strategies for ecological interaction of AI with these technologies are offered.
The double focus of the study of the technical capabilities of artificial intelligence and the wide impact of these technologies on culture and society represents the novelty of the proposed study.
It is concluded that the generation of music by artificial intelligence creates both new opportunities and raises acute questions. While AI democratizes and facilitates the creation of music, excessive use of AI tools risks unifying and globalizing cultural expressions and stifling human creativity. Economic incentives can play a crucial role in overcoming the risks of cultural erosion and homogenization of music caused by the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence technologies.
Key words: artificial intelligence (AI), transformative technologies, creativity, creativity, musical generation, cultural consequences.
FAKES ABOUT THE CULTURE AND ART OF MARIUPOL AS AN INFORMATION WEAPON OF THE OCCUPIERS
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Khronenko O.
Published: January 2025

The article highlights the phenomenon of fakes and their impact on people's consciousness. It is found that the greatest role in achieving the goals of hybrid warfare is played by information and media technologies that are capable of shaping public opinion and influencing socio-political processes. The example of fakes about the culture of Mariupol proves that propaganda campaigns and information manipulation are the main tools in the hands of the aggressor state for splitting society.
The need to develop mechanisms for protecting against fakes is highlighted, in particular by increasing the media literacy of the population and creating reliable information verification systems. It is established that the main way to prevent and debunk fakes during war remains compliance with the requirements of cyber hygiene, which include using only official sources of information dissemination, paying attention to individuals and sources of information dissemination, avoiding supporting propaganda appeals, refraining from emotions and panic when perceiving information, and critically analyzing information on social networks and media resources.
In general, fake news in the media during wartime is a powerful tool of manipulation that can have serious consequences for society. Their influence on public opinion, sentiment, perception of the conflict and the formation of opinions is a complex and important aspect of information warfare. Therefore, critical thinking, the ability to verify information and distinguish fake news from true news are extremely important skills in an era when access to information is becoming increasingly widespread and the spread of fake news is becoming more widespread. The development of mechanisms for protecting against information attacks and increasing the media literacy of the population is critically important for strengthening the resilience of states to hybrid threats.
Key words: fakes, disinformation, Mariupol, war, propaganda, Ukraine, manipulation.