bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Social Media Data to Understand Information Needs About Kidney Diseases and Emotional Experiences With Disease Management: Topic and Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Hwang Hee Jeong , Kim Nara , You Jeong Yun , Ryu Hye Ri , Kim Seo-Young , Yoon Park Jung Han , Lee Ki Won
Published: January 2025

Background

Kidney diseases encompass a variety of conditions, including chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. These diseases significantly impact patients’ quality of life and health care costs, often necessitating substantial lifestyle changes, especially regarding dietary management. However, patients frequently receive ambiguous or conflicting dietary advice from health care providers, leading them to seek information and support from online health communities.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze social media data to better understand the experiences, challenges, and concerns of patients with kidney disease and their caregivers in South Korea. Specifically, it explored how online communities assist in disease management and examined the sentiment surrounding dietary management.

Methods

Data were collected from KidneyCafe, a prominent South Korean online community for patients with kidney disease hosted on the Naver platform. A total of 124,211 posts from 10 disease-specific boards were analyzed using latent Dirichlet allocation for topic modeling and Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers–based sentiment analysis. In addition, Efficiently Learning an Encoder That Classifies Token Replacements Accurately–based classification was used to further analyze posts related to disease management.

Results

The analysis identified 6 main topics within the community: family health and support, medication and side effects, examination and diagnosis, disease management, surgery for dialysis, and costs and insurance. Sentiment analysis revealed that posts related to the medication and side effects and surgery for dialysis topics predominantly expressed negative sentiments. Both significant negative sentiments concerning worries about kidney transplantation among family members and positive sentiments regarding physical improvements after transplantation were expressed in posts about family health and support. For disease management, 7 key subtopics were identified, with inquiries about dietary management being the leading subtopic.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the critical role of online communities in providing support and information for patients with kidney disease and their caregivers. The insights gained from this study can inform health care providers, policy makers, and support organizations to better address the needs of patients with kidney disease, particularly in areas related to dietary management and emotional support.
Large Language Models for Automating Clinical Trial Criteria Conversion to OMOP CDM Queries: Accuracy and Efficiency Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Kye Hwa , Jang Sujung , Kim Grace Juyun , Park Sukyoung , Kim Doeun , Kwon Oh Jin , Lee Jae-Ho , Kim Young-Hak
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Clinical trials are vital for advancing medical knowledge but often face recruitment challenges. Real World Data (RWD)-based feasibility assessments show promise in improving trial design, but automating eligibility criteria conversion to database queries remains limited by accuracy and readability issues.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop an automated system to convert free-text eligibility criteria from ClinicalTrials.gov into SQL queries compatible with hospital clinical data in OMOP CDM version 5.3. By leveraging GPT-4, we sought to enhance accuracy and efficiency while minimizing human intervention.

METHODS

An automated system was developed to process free-text eligibility criteria from ClinicalTrials.gov into OMOP CDM-compliant SQL queries. The workflow included text segmentation, exclusion of non-clinical elements (e.g., consent requirements), text simplification, mapping to standardized concepts, and SQL generation. Using a development set of 30 clinical trials (10 each from breast cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease domains), GPT-4's mapping accuracy was compared against expert mapping. The system was further validated with inclusion criteria from seven highly cited trials, and SQL outputs were tested on Asan Medical Center's OMOP CDM database. Two domain experts assessed performance using predefined criteria.

RESULTS

GPT-4-generated SQL queries demonstrated high structural accuracy (3.99/4.0) and schema compliance (3.89/4.0). However, contextual accuracy scored lower (3.19/4.0), reflecting difficulties in handling complex eligibility conditions. Concept mapping achieved moderate domain-specific accuracy (3.43/4.0) and higher ID correctness (3.79/4.0). These results highlighted GPT-4’s strengths in syntax adherence and schema alignment but revealed challenges in mapping less common terms and executing queries efficiently.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated GPT-4’s potential to automate clinical trial eligibility criteria conversion into OMOP CDM-based SQL queries, improving structural accuracy and schema compliance. Despite notable successes in preprocessing and concept mapping, challenges remain in capturing nuanced clinical conditions and optimizing execution efficiency. Further refinements, such as domain-specific fine-tuning and hybrid approaches, are needed to address these gaps and enhance contextual accuracy.
Centering Equity in Health AI: LLM Design Strategies for Impactful Solutions (Preprint)
Authors: DeWitt Akeiylah , Parker Andrea G , Harrington Christina N , Cole-Lewis Heather
Published: January 2025

UNSTRUCTURED

This article addresses the growing need to incorporate health equity considerations into the design and development of large language models (LLMs). While existing guidelines for artificial intelligence (AI) development often focus on ethical and technical aspects, they frequently overlook health equity, risking the potential for LLMs to exacerbate existing health disparities, or limiting LLM impact in promoting health equity. We propose a novel framework of design strategies that explicitly promote health equity through LLMs and LLM-supported health solutions. This framework aims to provide actionable guidance for developers, researchers, policymakers, and others to integrate health equity considerations into every stage of the LLM development process. Through a literature scan of work across academic, industry, and government sources, we developed an outline of key strategies to promote health equity in LLMs. This article presents a comprehensive framework of eight design strategies that can be used to promote health equity through LLMs. By integrating these strategies into the LLM design process, developers can design LLMs to improve health outcomes for all, while mitigating the risks of perpetuating existing inequities. The framework also highlights the importance of collaboration among stakeholders, including healthcare providers, patients, community members, and researchers, to ensure that LLMs are developed and deployed in a manner that is equitable and beneficial for all. LLMs hold immense promise for transforming healthcare and improving health outcomes. However, ongoing research, collaboration, and a commitment to developing robust metrics will be needed to thoroughly assess the impact of LLMs on health equity. While the proposed framework provides a starting point for this work, future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies, and refining them to further promote their implementation.
Консенсус експертної ради Української асоціації сімейної медицини та Асоціації серцево-судинної допомоги сімейної медицини
Authors: Authors No
Published: January 2025

No abstract
Review of Formulation and Evaluation of Sunscreen
Authors: Agrawal Dr. HiteshKumar Shantilal
Published: January 2025

Sunlight is a despite of source of life and energy creating major health challenges like sunburn, pigmentation,
wrinkles, dermatitis, urticaria, ageing, immune-suppression and number of skin cancers too. Sun protective clothes and or
sunglasses provide insufficient and a less convenient approach to get rid of all these health hazards. So, sunscreen protection is
popular mean among various regions of world. Present article has summarized types and classification, regulations,
terminologies, evaluation methods, labelling, dosage and controversies of sunscreens. Natural chemical classes like phenolics,
carotenoids, Vita- mins, oils are also discussed
El pensamiento económico de Jorge Schvarzer (1975-1983)
Authors: Rossi Ignacio Andrés
Published: January 2025

El trabajo sistematiza y analiza el pensamiento económico de Jorge Schvarzer (1938-2008) en torno al proceso económico argentino entre 1975-1983, particularmente poniendo el foco en la disrupción del Plan económico de Alfredo Martínez de Hoz (1976-1981). El colapso político y económico del tercer peronismo a partir de 1975 y las transformaciones operadas por la dictadura de 1976 se diferenciaron de otros procesos críticos de la historia argentina por factores como el peso de la violencia política, la violación sistemática a los derechos humanos y los cambios estructurales en la economía. Actualmente, existen vigentes debates en torno a la interpretación de ese pasado, puntualmente en torno al peso que tuvieron las reformas emprendidas en la economía para explicar dificultades que, incluso, llegan hasta la actualidad. Según sostenemos, Schvarzer fue uno de los primeros en dilucidar que, motorizada por una relegitimación de las ideas neoliberales vinculadas a procesos coyunturales de crisis capitalista mundial y nacional, la política económica de Martínez de Hoz avanzó en reformas con el fin alterar las relaciones de fuerza en vísperas de una transformación integral del Estado y la economía. En este marco y con un perfil exploratorio, analizamos la producción de Schvarzer en medios de diferente naturaleza entre los años setenta y ochenta atendiendo a sus interpretaciones sobre la evolución de la política económica en el periodo.
Inflación y Negocio: El proceso de capitalización
Authors: Medina Labayru Carlos
Published: January 2025

Al contrario de lo que postula el monetarismo la inflación no es, en esencia, un fenómeno monetario. Tampoco tiene sus raíces últimas en las perturbaciones de la oferta que elevan los costos productivos. La inflación es, en realidad, un fenómeno estructural consustancial al capitalismo que se acompaña de niveles bajos, o estancamiento, de la producción. El sistema capitalista está animado por el impulso a hacer una ganancia pecuniaria: a capitalizar la inversión. Esto es lo que Veblen definió como el negocio. Las prerrogativas del negocio, sin embargo, fundadas en el poder que da la propiedad, se oponen a la eficiencia industrial y exigen más bien su sabotaje. La práctica de inflar los precios no es sino una consecuencia última de esta condición propia de la capitalización.
Palabras claves: inflación, estanflación, dinero, capitalismo, Veblen.
Reevaluating Inductive Reasoning: A Contemporary Approach Based on William Whewell's Induction
Authors: Barroso Rojo Milagros Maribel
Published: January 2025

Traditional attempts to understanding inductive reasoning in science have typically involved analyzing language, focusing on statements or propositions. However, recent arguments suggest that this approach misconceives induction, prompting the need for a new perspective. This study offers a fresh view on induction by integrating William Whewell's theory of induction, which distinguishes two forms of reasoning: interpretation and representation. This perspective suggests that induction can be seen as a reasoning process based on semantic and pragmatic models rather than statements or propositions.
Hyperparameter Tuning of Random Forest using Social Group Optimization Algorithm for Credit Card Fraud Detection in Banking Data
Authors: Sagiraju Sudhirvarma , Mohanty Jnyana Ranjan , Naik Anima
Published: January 2025

As the adoption of credit cards continues to expand alongside advancements in e-commerce, the frequency and complexity of fraudulent activities have also grown, posing significant challenges for the financial sector. Detecting fraudulent transactions within highly imbalanced datasets remains a critical issue in ensuring secure banking operations. This study explores a robust approach RF_SGO to credit card fraud detection by combining pre-processing techniques such as Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and class weight adjustment with Random Forest (RF) models optimized using the Social Group Optimization (SGO) algorithm. Additionally, the study utilizes Random Forest's feature importance mechanism to identify the most influential features contributing to fraud detection, enhancing interpretability and decision-making. Our methodology evaluates RF_SGO across three datasets: the original European cardholders' imbalanced dataset, a class-weight-adjusted dataset, and a SMOTE-enhanced dataset. Model performance is measured using key metrics, including Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, and ROC-AUC. The RF_SGO model demonstrated superior performance, with the SMOTE-enhanced variant achieving the highest ROC-AUC (0.98) and Recall (0.88), effectively balancing sensitivity and specificity. The class-weighted RF_SGO achieved the highest Precision (0.96), making it ideal for minimizing false positives. Furthermore, the feature importance analysis identified key predictors of fraudulent behavior, providing actionable insights for financial institutions. Comparisons with traditional machine learning algorithms (e.g., Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, and SVM) and advanced models (e.g., XGBoost, CatBoost, and deep learning) highlight RF_SGO's ability to outperform in precision-recall trade-offs and overall classification effectiveness. This study underscores the significance of incorporating hyperparameter tuning, feature importance analysis, and data balancing strategies to improve fraud detection. The proposed RF_SGO framework offers a scalable and efficient solution for financial institutions to mitigate fraud, ensuring more reliable and secure transaction systems.
Changes in policy and consumer preferences create opportunity for substrate products based on Lake Erie dredged sediments
Authors: Sequeira Lezama Juan Pablo , Signorini Guilherme
Published: January 2025

Dredging is a usual operation in waterways, often necessary to maintain navigability and economic activity of ports. A recent change in the policy governing dredging operations in Ohio, United States, has pressed the investigation on reuse applications of Lake Erie dredged sediments (LES). From a value chain management perspective, this article explores marketing opportunities for substrate products formulated with LES. A mixed-mode research approach departs from a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with Ohio residents to investigate consumer preferences for hypothetical products that claim to aid Lake Erie’s environmental pressure. It also uses a case study methodology and performs a content analysis of archival records and interviews with members of the regional mulch and substrate industry. Results indicate that consumers are willing to pay for verified sustainability claims involving Lake Erie, although significant preference heterogeneity reduces the accuracy of findings. Qualitative results underscore the need for an overarching value chain marketing program and favor the development of a short chain. Three macro strategies and eleven actionable projects of interest to stakeholders were designed and validated to support LES reutilization and value aggregation. This article demonstrates how DCE and the case study methodology can be combined to examine emerging market-oriented sustainable chains.
The impact of agricultural specialization on dietary diversity in rural China
Authors: Shen Jiexi , Zhu Zhanguo , Fan Shenggen , Xie Qingxin , Tian Xu
Published: January 2025

Clarifying the linkage of rural households’ agricultural specialization and dietary diversity is crucial for promoting agricultural transformation and development, and improving food security and dietary quality among rural residents. A household dietary survey was conducted to investigate this association in rural China. The findings indicate that agricultural specialization is linked with decreased dietary diversity among smallholders. The decline in farm production diversity underscores the crucial role that markets play in shaping the diets of farm households. The heterogeneous analysis unveils the mediation effect of market on the relationship between agricultural production and food consumption and further confirms the importance of market access to smallholders’ dietary diversity. The results indicate that against the backdrop of agricultural specialization and a significant rural-to-urban migration, A series of complementary measures should be implemented for smallholders’ food consumption welfare. The stable food market availability is a key strategy for ensuring adequate dietary diversity for rural residents.
Global Perspectives on Freedom of Expression in Environmental Governance: Legal Implications and Challenges
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Wiwoho Jamal , Isharyanto Isharyanto
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the relationship among freedom of expression and earth-friendly governance in a global context, highlighting how the former serves as a fundamental enabler of transparency, public participation, and access to data—principles that are vital to effective earth-friendly governance. Although international legal instruments, such as the Rio Declaration and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, give a framework for upholding free speech, the extent to that this right is realized in the realm of earth-friendly advocacy remains inconsistent across different regions. This research highlights challenges faced by earth-friendly activists, including political and economic pressures, suppression, and legal constraints. By analyzing case studies by Indonesia, Norway, and Brazil, this paper underscores the paradox of freedom of expression that is sometimes perceived as a threat to political stability. The findings advocate for enhanced global cooperation to protect freedom of expression inside earth-friendly law, supporting sustainable enhancement and earth-friendly justice. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the legal frameworks necessary to uphold freedom of expression as foundational in promoting global earth-friendly democracy.
Intereses salitreros, intervención extranjera y fractura del civilismo
Authors: Abanto Chani Julio Cesar
Published: January 2025

El artículo tiene como objetivo contrastar las visiones historiográficas sobre el gobierno del presidente Francisco García Calderón, a través del seguimiento sus intereses en la industria salitrera con el desarrollo de una estrategia internacional que tuvo la intervención de los Estados Unidos y Francia para retener Tarapacá y fortalecer la legitimidad de García Calderón en el ámbito interno. Esperar una mediación favorable arrastraría al gobierno siguiente de Lizardo Montero a descartar la búsqueda de otras opciones para tratar la paz con Chile. El destierro de García Calderón ahondó las diferencias con otros políticos sobre cómo afrontar el desenlace de la guerra.
Analysis of four circular coil configuration for uniformly distributed magnetic field generation
Authors: Kasas-Lazetic Karolina , Milutinov Miodrag , Spasic Teodora , Mijatovic Gorana
Published: January 2025

A uniform magnetic field can be achieved with various simple structures of
circular or square cross-sections. The main purpose of each of these is to
create a larger volume of uniformly distributed magnetic field. The
improvement of the desired zone homogeneity can be achieved by varying the
design parameters of the coil and applying different optimization
algorithms. In this paper, the Lee-Whiting circular coil system has been
investigated considering the cross-section of the real conductor instead of
the volumeless ideal conductor. The parameters of the coil were optimized to
achieve a uniformly distributed magnetic field inside a spherical area and
the desired total deviation rate along the centreline. The numerical
calculations and the optimization procedure were performed on a simplified
2D axial symmetric model. The obtained results show that in the case of real
conductors, the coil positions differ from the Lee-Whiting arrangement.
On the comparison of different serial concatenated schemes based on polar and LDPC codes
Authors: Ivanov Fedor , Kuvshinov Aleksey
Published: January 2025

Nowadays concatenated codes are actively developed for different applications
of error-correcting theory. In this paper we propose a new method for
constructing concatenated codes consisting of some outer error-correcting
code and a particular designed inner low-density parity-check (LDPC) code.
We consider polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) code and LDPC code as
outer code of suggested construction. A specialized optimization algorithm
was developed to generate inner code with particular error-reducing
properties. By using the woven codes decoder with this design, the
complexity of the decoding procedure is reduced compared to traditional
polar and LDPC codes decoders, while still providing error-correcting
characteristics. Additionally, we enhance the performance of our system by
puncturing the encoded symbols. The resulting concatenated constructions
outperform low-rate LDPC code from the 5G standard and polar code.
Furthermore, we demonstrate the performance of code with a special
paritycheck matrix which consists of parity-check matrices of inner and
outer codes from our proposed construction.
Determing the characteristics of the localized density of states distribution present in MoS2 2d FETs
Authors: Broche Anisleidy , Cerdeira Antonio , Iñiguez Benjamín , Estrada Magali
Published: January 2025

The behaviour of MoS2 FETs, with channel lengths greater than the mean free
path of carriers was analysed. Electrical behaviour of experimental devices
with channel lengths of 5 mm and 0.1 mm was studied, modelled and simulated,
concluding that the predominant transport mechanism observed was hopping.
The presence of a localized density of states (DOS) distribution in the
semiconductor layer, causing the behaviour observed in these devices, was
studied and determined by both modelling and simulation.
Optimized EEMD feature extraction using bio-inspired optimization algorithms from electrocardiogram signals
Authors: Bakshi Amit , Panigrahy Mamata , Das Jitendra
Published: January 2025

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is crucial for diagnosing heart
conditions. The empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique is quite
effective in analyzing non-stationary signals. However, it has the inherent
problem of mode mixing. To overcome this, the Ensemble Empirical Mode
Decomposition (EEMD) method incorporates noise with known variance, utilizes
the ensemble nature of EMD and enhances the decomposition process. This
paper proposes a novel method for extracting features using EEMD to make its
parameters independent. The intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) extracted from
EEMD may vary depending on the parameters used. In contrast, EMD exhibits
parameter independence, which ensures greater consistency. To obtain
consistent results from EEMD without sacrificing its advantages over EMD,
different bioinspired optimization techniques have been employed. Once
consistent IMFs are generated, amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency
modulation (FM) signals within each IMF are distinguished. Finally, the
retrieved bandwidth of the AM/FM signals is utilized as feature vectors.
These features are then evaluated using two well-established classifiers
like Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT). The respective
classifier accuracy levels of 91% and 98.94% were achieved using published
datasets. The result shows the efficiency of the proposed feature extraction
techniques.
Machine learning assisted S11 prediction for a slotted square patch antenna in 5.8 GHz WLAN band
Authors: Verma Doshant , Ranjan Pinku , Verma Alka , Goswami Pankaj , Kaushik Neeraj
Published: January 2025

This article explores machine learning techniques, specifically Artificial
Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Gaussian Process
Regression (GPR), to predict the S11 parameter of a slotted square patch
antenna optimized for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) operation between
5.6 GHz and 5.85 GHz. The antenna, measuring 30x30x1.6 mm? and centered at
5.725 GHz, features a coaxial probe feed design with a circular slot within
the square patch to enhance bandwidth. These ML methods demonstrate superior
efficiency compared to traditional simulation tools, enabling robust
exploration of design configurations and accurate prediction of the
antenna's electrical and physical characteristics. Notably, Gaussian Process
Regression (GPR) consistently reveal lower Mean Squared Error (MSE) and
higher R-squared (R?) values than ANN and SVM, suggesting superior accuracy
in modeling the antenna's performance metrics.
Is Robin Hood Just a Fairy Tale?
Authors: Harvin Oscar J. , Michelman Jeffrey E. , Waldrup Bobby , Gammon Kyle
Published: January 2025

This case explores the embezzlement of over $650,000 by Jerimiah Williams, a former controller for Derby Construction. Driven by a desire to support a music venture and community-oriented nonprofit following the deaths of his brother and cousin, Williams rationalized his actions as morally justified, likening himself to a modern-day Robin Hood. The case presents students with a deep look into the perpetrator’s mindset, emphasizing the rationalization element of the fraud triangle. It enables students to apply psychological theories such as the halo effect, social identity, and motivated reasoning to understand how Williams justified his crimes. This case is suitable for courses in auditing, forensic accounting, and white-collar crime.
Deporte y politica entre 1946 y 1956. Un abordaje de la comision investigadora n°49 sobre deportes
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham/CONICET, Argentina, Orbuch Ivan
Published: January 2025

A lo largo de los anos transcurridos entre 1946 y 1955 las diversas manifestaciones deportivas desarrolladas en Argentina se encontraron estrechamente asociadas a la figura de Juan Domingo Peron y su elenco gobernante. La implementacion de politicas publicas para su fomento repercutio en un considerable aumento de los practicantes tanto en el plano amateur como en el profesional. Del mismo modo, la creacion de infraestructura deportiva y la proliferacion de deportistas exitosos fungieron como un espaldarazo a la inversion realizada. La destitucion del gobierno peronista en septiembre de 1955 tuvo como uno de sus prioritarios objetivos atacar todo aquello que estuviera vinculado con la figura de Peron. Es por ello que no fue sorpresivo el impetu con que fueron tratados los deportistas asi como los funcionarios. Incluso, una de las comisiones investigadoras, la N°49, estuvo integramente destinada a indagar sobre lo acaecido en el decenio mencionado. Esta incentivo la delacion ciudadana, quien se convirtio en una de las grandes protagonistas aportando informacion por lo general basada en rumores.
El Callao, Arica y Valdivia en la estrategia defensiva del Marques de Mancera, virrey del Peru (1639-1648)
Authors:   CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta/Universidad Catolica de Salta, Argentina, Correa Marcelo Paulo
Published: January 2025

El objetivo del presente articulo es reconstruir el proceso de conformacion de un sistema defensivo para la costa occidental del Peru en tiempos del virrey marques de Mancera (1639-1648). Versa sobre la instalacion y reconstruccion de infraestructuras portuarias en el Callao, Arica y Valdivia y explica la estrategia archipelagica que se delineo para mitigar el condicionamiento de la gran extension del litoral que se encontraba bajo jurisdiccion peruana. Paralelamente, se analiza la confluencia de coyunturas y agentes en los tres nodos defensivos, para elucidar practicas de gobierno determinadas por la configuracion espacial de los territorios que integraban el Peru de la Monarquia Hispana.
Los modelos institucionales de la secundaria para jovenes y adultos en la provincia de Buenos Aires: un analisis de largo plazo (1970-2018)
Authors:   CONICET/Universidad Nacional del General Sarmiento, Argentina, Olivares Julian
Published: January 2025

Este articulo tiene como objetivo analizar la evolucion de los modelos institucionales de las principales ofertas de la secundaria para jovenes y adultos en la provincia de Buenos Aires entre las decadas de 1970 y 2010. Aunque los autores que evaluan los formatos escolares de estas propuestas educativas destacan su flexibilidad para adaptarse a las caracteristicas de la poblacion destinataria, en general se centran en aspectos coyunturales y no examinan la existencia de tendencias de largo plazo. El escrito busca detectar posibles direcciones hacia las que han avanzado los cambios y continuidades en dichos modelos institucionales en el transcurso de los anos, recurriendo para eso a la normativa especifica de la modalidad en esa jurisdiccion durante la historia reciente. La conclusion a la que se arriba es que en el periodo historico estudiado ha existido una tendencia hacia una mayor flexibilizacion en cuanto a las condiciones de ingreso, la cantidad de dias de cursada por semana y el caracter de la misma, aunque no necesariamente en cuanto a los espacios escolares utilizados, el total de anos de estudio, los requerimientos para sostener la regularidad por parte de los alumnos y el numero de horas semanales a las que deben asistir.
Espacializar la historia: Una apuesta metodologica para repensar la historia urbana
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia, Aristizabal Gomez Jorge Andres , Hernandez Ciro Eulalia ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
Published: January 2025

El presente articulo recoge algunas de las reflexiones teorico-metodologicas derivadas del proyecto “Trayectorias, travesias y caminos sobre la historia urbana de Medellin”. En ese sentido, partimos de dos ejercicios complementarios, pero diferenciados, que van hilando las discusiones: la elaboracion de un balance de la produccion historiografica en materia de Historia Urbana en la ciudad de Medellin y la apuesta por la construccion de un visor geografico donde se pueda espacializar esta informacion y agregar datos adicionales relevantes para esta area. En terminos teoricos, tomamos como base la pregunta por la importancia de incorporar una mirada critica al espacio dentro de la historia urbana. En cuanto a las propuestas metodologicas, se destacan cinco: 1) la integracion de espacio y tiempo mediante una linea espacio-temporal; 2) el uso del visor geografico analogo como herramienta y producto de investigacion; 3) el potencial de las humanidades digitales para la historia urbana y la divulgacion del conocimiento; 4) la necesidad de abordar la historia urbana en clave transdisciplinar; y 5) la riqueza del concepto de “imaginacion geografica” para examinar criticamente las representaciones espaciales en las fuentes historicas.
La Plaza Artesanos en Santiago de Chile durante la decada de 1950: Un espacio publico plebeyo a traves del lente de la historia cultural urbana
Authors:   Universidad de Concepcion, Chile, Prudant Elisabet , Gomez Arias Catalina ,   Universidad de Santiago de Chile
Published: January 2025

Este articulo analiza, desde la perspectiva de la historia cultural urbana, la relevancia de la Plaza Artesanos como un espacio publico plebeyo en la decada de 1950, especialmente durante el segundo mandato de Carlos Ibanez del Campo (1953-1958). El estudio de las manifestaciones sociales que la plaza albergo durante estos anos permite explorar una forma de vida historica inherente a la ciudad de masas, asi como practicas relacionadas con el habitar colectivo. Se propone un analisis que integre los componentes del imaginario urbano que facilito la apropiacion de la plaza, los hitos que la contextualizan dentro de la ciudad y la relacion de estos aspectos con las demandas sociales y politicas articuladas desde las tribunas instaladas en su interior. Para ello, se utiliza informacion de diversas fuentes, como documentos de prensa, cronicas literarias y fotografias, las cuales se diferencian de los materiales tradicionales que componen el acervo de la historia urbanistica, en tanto contribuyen a reconstruir la cultura urbana. Como conclusion, se argumenta que la Plaza Artesanos fue un nodo significativo en la trama del espacio publico de Santiago a mediados del siglo XX. Las huellas dejadas por su uso evidencian la importancia que se le atribuyo como un centro ubicado en “la otra orilla” de la ciudad: un lugar de memoria colectiva donde la masa urbana plebeya escenifico su fuerza como actor social y politico.
La conformacion de plaza Baquedano como nueva centralidad en Santiago de Chile. Infraestructuras, cambios urbanisticos y modernizacion, 1890-1945
Authors:   Universidad Central de Chile, Centro de Investigaciones Arquitectonicas, Urbanisticas y del Paisaje, Chile, Castillo Fernandez Simon , Mardones Penaloza Marcelo ,   Universidad Diego Portales, Escuela de Historia, Chile
Published: January 2025

El articulo analiza las transformaciones de la plaza Baquedano en Santiago de Chile desde fines del siglo XIX, destacando su evolucion de limite territorial a nodo estrategico y nueva centralidad urbana durante las primeras decadas del siglo XX. Desde una perspectiva historiografica, se sostiene que este cambio se consolido mediante la instalacion de infraestructuras como sistemas sanitarios, viales, de transporte y areas verdes, reflejando un proceso sostenido de modernizacion material que transformo tanto la plaza como su entorno inmediato. El estudio se centra en la interaccion y el recambio entre las infraestructuras de transporte, representadas por el Ferrocarril del Llano del Maipo, y las areas verdes, impulsadas por la inauguracion del parque Forestal en 1900, lo que evidencia como la superposicion de las infraestructuras verdes sobre las ferroviarias marco la hegemonia de los nuevos discursos urbanisticos y las necesidades politicas de la epoca. Este proceso culmino con hitos como la demolicion de la estacion Providencia y la inauguracion del parque Bustamante en 1945, consolidando un espacio renovado. Desde esta perspectiva, la investigacion busca aportar una comprension mas profunda de los cambios infraestructurales que hicieron posible que la plaza Baquedano se consolidara como una centralidad urbana clave en un Santiago en vias de metropolizacion y modernizacion.
De como disciplinar a un sector de la elite. Buenos Aires, 1835-1852
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro de Historia Argentina y Americana, Argentina, Ali Mauri Amilcar , Quinteros Guillermo ,   Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro de Historia Argentina y Americana, Argentina, Wasiuniec Juan ,   Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro de Historia Argentina y Americana, Argentina
Published: January 2025

El tema del control social y el disciplinamiento durante los gobiernos de Juan Manuel de Rosas en la provincia de Buenos Aires ha sido estudiado desde diversas perspectivas, diferenciandose al primero de su segundo mandato (1835-1852). Como se vera, la bibliografia se ocupo del disciplinamiento de los distintos sectores sociales de la campana, asi como tambien de la plebe urbana de Buenos Aires y parte de su elite. El trabajo que se presenta aborda la misma cuestion focalizando en una parte de la elite de Buenos Aires, menos estudiada, representada por los estudiantes de la Universidad. En enero de 1836, el decreto N.° 996 establecio los requisitos para que los universitarios pudieran obtener el titulo de doctor (medicos, abogados, teologos) y el mecanismo burocratico para lograrlo. El resultado de la medida fueron los cientos de solicitudes presentadas ante el gobernador para obtener los respectivos titulos universitarios. Son esos expedientes los que se analizan.
Mer enn konsepter: Utforsking av sammenheng mellom lærerstudenters praksiserfaringer og lærerforventninger med metrisk og ikke-metrisk analyse
Authors: Høgheim Sigve , Jenssen Eirik S.
Published: January 2025

Denne studien undersøker om tradisjonelle metoder for å analysere tallmateriale i utdanningsforskning, som måling, signifikanstesting og bruk av aggregerte estimater, er nødvendige for meningsfull tallanalyse. Vi stiller spørsmål ved om disse metodene, som ikke tester grunnleggende empiriske antakelser og ikke gir innsikt om personer eller teorier, virkelig er fordelaktige. For å utforske dette, har vi undersøkt praksiserfaringer og lærerforventninger blant lærerstudenter (n = 132). Vi sammenligner den tradisjonelle metriske analysen av talldata med en ikke-metrisk og person-orientert tilnærming kalt observation oriented modeling (OOM). Resultatene fra begge analysestrategiene viser at det er en svak sammenheng mellom lærerstudenters praksiserfaringer og deres lærerforventninger, men det er vesentlige forskjeller i hva de to tilnærmingene kan avdekke. Den metriske analysen trekker slutninger om kvantitative sammenhenger mellom konsepter, uten å gi innsikt i teoretiske antakelser eller personer. OOM, til tross for sin enklere matematiske struktur, undersøker assosiasjoner mellom kategoriske variabler basert på individers data og teoretiske antakelser. Vi argumenterer derfor for at OOM gir mer valid innsikt sammenlignet med metriske analyser, og dermed et bedre grunnlag for å evaluere teorier.
English abstract
More Than Concepts: Examining the Relation Between Student Teachers’ Practicum Experiences and Teacher Efficacy Using Metric and Non-Metric Analyses
This study examines whether traditional methods for analyzing numerical material in educational research, such as measurement, significance testing and the use of aggregate estimates, are necessary for meaningful numerical analysis. We question whether these methods, which do not test basic empirical assumptions and do not provide insight into people or theories, are beneficial. To explore this, we have investigated practice experiences and teacher expectations among student teachers (n = 132). We compare the traditional metric analysis of numerical data with a non-metric and person-oriented approach called Observation Oriented Modeling (OOM). The results from both analysis strategies show that there is a weak connection between student teachers’ practical experiences and their teacher expectations, but there are significant differences in what the two approaches can uncover. The metric analysis draws conclusions about quantitative relationships between concepts, without providing insight into theoretical assumptions or people. OOM, despite its simpler mathematical structure, examines associations between categorical variables based on individuals’ data and theoretical assumptions. We therefore argue that OOM provides more valid insight compared to metric analyses, and thus a better basis for evaluating theories.
Anti-Black Racism in Bioethics: A Path to Health Equity
Authors: CSP Madeira
Published: January 2025

The concept of racism as a social phenomenon can be summarized in three conceptions: individualist, institutional, and structural. The individualist conception treats racism as a social pathology of individual or collective character. The institutional conception views it as a malfunction of institutions that confer disadvantages to black people, and therefore, correction mechanisms are based on affirmative actions to recover the representation of racial minorities.
Brain Rot
Authors: IA Al-Baher
Published: January 2025

Many people suffer from a state of rot as an inevitable result of continuous viewing of phones or smart tablets, as continuous and crazy viewing of such devices contributes to creating a state of weakness in human perception of everything around him and puts him in a state of temporary coma in feeling material things as well as things with a moral dimension. Such a matter may make a person indifferent to what he is going through and make him live in a state of mental winter and brain fog that he may go through while awake or asleep. Such a matter may be closer to causing a person to suffer from a state of madness, loss of self-confidence and a feeling of alienation.
The Effect of Frenkel's Exercise with PNF on Functional Reach in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: R Sahoo , PR Das , CK Patra , DK Pradhan , GU Acharya , AS Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Background & Purpose: Stroke is a condition that is highly vulnerable and has a high worldwide prevalence rate. This study
investigates the effects of Frenkel’s Exercise combined with Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques on
functional reach in stroke patients.
Methods: A total of 100 participants aged 40-60 years, who had experienced a stroke at least six months prior, were randomly
assigned to two intervention groups: Group A (Frenkel’s Exercises) and Group B (Conventional Exercises). Over an 8-week
period, participants engaged in supervised exercise sessions three times a week. Pre-intervention and post-intervention
assessments were conducted using the Modified Functional Reach Test (MFRT), to measure changes in functional reach.
Results: The Result of the study revealed that both of the group showed significant improvement in functional reach (p <
0.05). However, Group A (Experimental Group) had statistically better functional reach improvement compared to Group B
(Control Group).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that incorporating Frenkel’s Exercises with PNF techniques can effectively enhance
functional reach in stroke survivors.
Environmental and Safety Issues in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: MY Mir Babayev
Published: January 2025

Sources of danger in the petrochemical and gas extraction industry and aspects of life safety in general are determined. The
article shows that the safety of life depends more on the human factor and oil the effect of the application of new technologies
in gas extraction on the environment, including the field of labor protection and technical safety, was investigated. In this
article, we have tried to find out about the specific risks of oil and gas production, especially the work carried out in the
Caspian Sea. Also, measures to reduce specific risks that may occur during production and processing and general risk
assessment have been reviewed. It should be noted that when assessing the risks associated with the production of offshore
oil and gas fields in a given period, all oil companies should conduct a comprehensive assessment of the technical condition
of the production facilities used, including taking into account specific risk assessment and environmental aspects. During
the assessment, which should cover all potentially hazardous equipment, special attention should be paid to parameters such
as the type of devices used, their actual age, maintenance history and natural human factors. It should be emphasized that
at present the intensity of development of the petrochemical industry and gas production is characteristic of all Caspian
countries (Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia and Iran).
Intraocular Lens Implantation in Children in Yakutsk Republican Ophthalmological Clinical Hospital
Authors:   Yakutsk Republican Ophthalmological Clinical Hospital, Zakharova Ekaterina K. ,   North-Eastern Federal University, Lutskan Ivan P. ,   Yakutsk Republican Ophthalmological Clinical Hospital,   North-Eastern Federal University, Poskachina Tamara R. ,   North-Eastern Federal University
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: The most optimal method of correcting congenital cataract is implantation of intraocular lenses (IOL). Despite the achievements in the cataract surgery, intraocular correction in children is associated with a number of difficulties due to the anatomical and physiological peculiarities of the organ of vision.
AIM: Analysis of the long-term results of IOL implantations performed in Yakutsk Republican Ophthalmological Clinical Hospital (YROCH).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2021, 8 children (10 eyes) were operated on in YROCH. The patients with congenital (4 eyes) and traumatic (1 eye) cataracts underwent phacoaspiration with implantation of HOYA mod. iSert-250 and iSert-251 IOLs, with use of HOYA Fully Preloaded system. In patients with aphakia, after previous extraction of the congenital cataract (CC), HOYA mod. PC 60R IOL was implanted in 3 eyes, in one case (1 eye) a ‘pupillary’ IOL mod. РСП-3; in case of posttraumatic aphakia (1 eye) HOYA mod. iSert-251 IOL.
RESULTS: In 80% of cases, after surgery, both uncorrected visual acuity (VA) and VA with correction increased to 0.33 ± 0.15 and 0.53 ± 0.28, respectively; these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.005 for both values).
CONCLUSIONS: VA achieved after surgical treatment of children with congenital cataract, aphakia, traumatic cataract and posttraumatic aphakia demonstrates the prospects of IOL implantation and importance of the subsequent adequate follow-up.
Theoretical and methodological foundations of training future musical art teachers to play wind instruments
Authors: Nikolai Halyna Yuriivna
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the article was to clarify the theoretical and methodological foundations of training future musical art teachers to play wind instruments in an interdisciplinary discourse. Among the theoretical foundations of training future musical art teachers to play wind instruments, a number of domestic musicological and music-pedagogical dissertation studies have been identified. To implement the purpose of the publication, a complex of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy, systematization, generalization, concretization), specific scientific analytical (problematic, genetic, comparative analysis of scientific sources) methods was used, with the help of which an array of domestic scientific research in the field of musicology and music-pedagogical education was systematized regarding the theoretical and methodological problems of brass performance, in particular saxophone performance, and the training of future musical art teachers to play wind instruments. It has been established that domestic performing musicology in the field of wind music began to develop actively in Independent Ukraine. The growth of research interest in the phenomenon of saxophone training and performance in the research of scientists in both art history and theory and pedagogical fields has been noted. The methodological foundations of learning to play the saxophone include instruction on holding the instrument, positions of the body, head, hands, and fingers; breath setting and embouchure; articulation; application; optimal coordination of actions of the performing apparatus. We see the prospects for further research on the problems of instrumental training of future musical art teachers in the realization of the interdisciplinary potential of musicology and music pedagogy.