bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis in tissue sectors with contrasting crocins accumulation provides novel insights into apocarotenoid biosynthesis and regulation during chromoplast biogenesis
Authors: Ahrazem Oussama , Argandoña Javier , Fiore Alessia , Aguado Carolina , Luján Rafael , Rubio-Moraga Ángela , Marro Mónica , Araujo-Andrade Cuauhtémoc , Loza-Alvarez Pablo , Diretto Gianfranco , Gómez-Gómez Lourdes
Published: February 2018

Crocins, the red soluble apocarotenoids of saffron, accumulate in the flowers of Crocus species in a developmental and tissue-specific manner. In Crocus sieberi, crocins accumulate in stigmas but also in a distinct yellow tepal sector, which we demonstrate contains chromoplast converted from amyloplasts. Secondary metabolites were analysed by LC-DAD-HRMS, revealing the progressive accumulation of crocetin and crocins in the yellow sector, which were also localized in situ by Raman microspectroscopy. To understand the underlying mechanisms of crocin biosynthesis, we sequenced the C. sieberi tepal transcriptome of two differentially pigmented sectors (yellow and white) at two developmental stages (6 and 8) by Illumina sequencing. A total of 154 million high-quality reads were generated and assembled into 248,099 transcripts. Differentially expressed gene analysis resulted in the identification of several potential candidate genes involved in crocin metabolism and regulation. The results provide a first profile of the molecular events related to the dynamics of crocetin and crocin accumulation during tepal development, and present new information concerning apocarotenoid biosynthesis regulators and their accumulation in Crocus. Further, reveals genes that were previously unknown to affect crocin formation, which could be used to improve crocin accumulation in Crocus plants and the commercial quality of saffron spice.
Giant and tunable optical torque for micro-motors by increased force arm and resonantly enhanced force
Authors: Geng Yong , Tan Jiubin , Cao Yongyin , Zhao Yixuan , Liu Zhengjun , Ding Weiqiang
Published: February 2018

Micro-motors driven by light field have attracted much attentions for their potential applications. In order to drive the rotation of a micro-motor, structured optical beams with orbital angular momentum, spin angular momentum, anisotropic medium, and/or inhomogeneous intensity distribution should be used. Even though, it is still challenge to increase the optical torques (OT) in a flexible and controllable way in case of moderate incident power. In this paper, a new scheme achieving giant optical torque is proposed by increasing both the force arm and the force amplitude with the assistance of a ring resonator. In this case, the optical torque doesn’t act on the target directly by the incident beam, but is transmitted to it by rotating the ring resonator connected with it. Using the finite-difference in time-domain method, we calculate the optical torque and find that both the direction and the amplitude of the torque can be tuned flexibly by modifying the frequency, or the relative phases of the sources. More importantly, the optical torque obtained here by linearly polarized beams can be 3 orders larger than those obtained using the structured beams. This opt-mechanical-resonator based optical torque engineering system may find potential applications in optical driven micro-machines.
Comparative transcriptomics provides novel insights into the mechanisms of selenium tolerance in the hyperaccumulator plant Cardamine hupingshanensis
Authors: Zhou Yifeng , Tang Qiaoyu , Wu Meiru , Mou Di , Liu Hui , Wang Shouchuang , Zhang Chi , Ding Li , Luo Jie
Published: February 2018

Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral element for animals and humans.Cardamine hupingshanensis(Brassicaceae), found in the Wuling mountain area of China, has been identified as a novel Se hyperaccumulator plant. However, the mechanism for selenium tolerance inCardamineplants remains unknown. In this study, two cDNA libraries were constructed from seedlings ofC. hupingshanensistreated with selenite. Approximately 100 million clean sequencing reads werede novoassembled into 48,989 unigenes, of which 39,579 and 33,510 were expressed in the roots and leaves, respectively. Biological pathways and candidate genes involved in selenium tolerance mechanisms were identified. Differential expression analysis identified 25 genes located in four pathways that were significantly responsive to selenite inC. hupingshanensisseedlings. The results of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) confirmed that storage function, oxidation, transamination and selenation play very important roles in the selenium tolerance inC. hupingshanensis. Furthermore, a different degradation pathway synthesizing malformed or deformed selenoproteins increased selenium tolerance at different selenite concentrations. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of selenium tolerance in a hyperaccumulator plant, and should serve as a rich gene resource forC. hupingshanensis.
Modified Inguinal Microscope-Assisted Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia: A Non-randomised Controlled Study of 3565 Cases
Authors: Wang Jin , Liu Qian , Wang Xun , Guan Rijian , Li Sen , Zhang Youpeng , Cheng Yongbiao , Zeng Hanqing , Tang Yong , Zhu Zhaohui
Published: February 2018

Varicocele is a common abnormality, but the conventional microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy (CMSV) has some disadvantages. We invented Modified Inguinal Microscope-Assisted Varicocelectomy (MIMV) under local anesthesia. This study aims to evaluate MIMV by comparing it to CMSV in operating duration, time to return to normal activity, postoperative complications, achievement of natural pregnancy and improvement of semen quality for patients with infertility, pain score for those with scrotal pain, and so on. We enrolled 3089 patients who underwent MIMV and 476 who underwent CMSV in our hospital. Both the operating duration and the time to return to normal activity of MIMV was shorter than that of CMSV (P < 0.001). The recurrence rate (P < 0.001) and injury rate of vas deferens (P = 0.011) after MIMV were lower than that after CMSV. Moreover, patients with MIMV showed higher degree of satisfaction with the surgery experience and outcome than those with CMSV (P < 0.001). However, no statistical difference was found between the two groups in scores of pain due to surgery, postoperative varicose veins diameters, reflux duration, and the postoperative complications of wound infection, hydrocele, atrophy of testis, epididymitis, and scrotal hematoma. In summary, MIMV is a promising varicocelectomy and could be applied more in clinical practice.
Communication in necrophagous Diptera larvae: interspecific effect of cues left behind by maggots and implications in their aggregation
Authors: Fouche Quentin , Hedouin Valery , Charabidze Damien
Published: February 2018

Necrophagous Calliphoridae breed in vertebrate carrion. Their larvae aggregate and form large masses of individuals. These aggregated larvae can reach adulthood faster than scattered larvae, increasing their chances of survival. Furthermore, the gathering of larvae of different species suggests possible interspecific aggregation vectors. In this context, the effect of larval ground-left cues on larvae of Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia sericata was studied. We used video tracking to follow larvae placed in binary choice tests. We observed (1) a preference of both species for a side marked by conspecific or heterospecific larvae compared to an unmarked side, (2) a preference of L. sericata larvae for a conspecific-marked side compared to a heterospecific-marked side but only at high concentration of cues and (3) a preference of both species for the side marked by the greater number of larvae. These results demonstrate that larvae leave a mark locally which is retentive, has an interspecific range, has an effect proportional to its intensity and whose strength varies depending on the emitting species. According to the self-organization theory, this mark could enhance larval gathering and promote interspecific aggregations. While not yet demonstrated, an interspecific Allee effect could explain the interspecific association of necrophagous calliphorid larvae.
Fatty acid profile of stinging nettle leaves: application of modern analytical procedures for sample preparation and analysis
Authors: Đurović Saša , Zeković Zoran , Šorgić Saša , Popov Saša , Vujanović Milena , Radojković Marija
Published: February 2018

Stinging nettle is a perennial plant with significant biological activity and a long history of application in folk medicine and as food.
Living ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone catalyzed by β-quinolyl-enamino aluminium complexes: ligand electronic effects
Authors: Wang Peng , Chao Jianbin , Chen Xia
Published: February 2018

Seven aluminium β-quinolyl-enaminates with varying substituents have been synthesized and applied to the ROP of ε-CL. A comparative study on catalytic activities and reaction kinetics was conducted.
A three-dimensional (time, wavelength and intensity) functioning fluorescent probe for the selective recognition/discrimination of Cu2+, Hg2+, Fe3+ and F− ions
Authors: Ruan Qin , Mu Lan , Zeng Xi , Zhao Jiang-Lin , Zeng Li , Chen Zhen-Min , Yang Cai , Wei Gang , Redshaw Carl
Published: February 2018

A new probe for the selective recognition/discrimination of Cu2+, Hg2+, Fe3+ and F− ions by measuring their response time, wavelength and fluorescence intensity.
Detection of microalgae superoxide dismutase (SOD) using a GNRs-based resonance light scattering system
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Tan Yan
Published: February 2018

A novel and label-free, gold nanorods (GNRs)-based resonance light scattering system assay has been developed for the detection of microalgae superoxide dismutase (SOD).
A glimpse into the regulation of the Wilson disease protein, ATP7B, sheds light on the complexity of mammalian apical trafficking pathways
Authors: Gupta Arnab , Das Santanu , Ray Kunal
Published: February 2018

Wilson disease (WD), a Mendelian disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in theATP7Bgene, manifests a large spectrum of phenotypic variability.
Controlled synthesis of organic single-crystalline nanowiresviathe synergy approach of the bottom-up/top-down processes
Authors: Zhuo Ming-Peng , Zhang Ye-Xin , Li Zhi-Zhou , Shi Ying-Li , Wang Xue-dong , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: February 2018

Organic single-crystalline nanowires with a uniform diameter of 120 ± 10 nm were controllably fabricated through stepwise evolution processes by utilizing the synergy approach of the bottom-up/top-down processes.
Reactivity of fluorographene is triggered by point defects: beyond the perfect 2D world
Authors: Medveď Miroslav , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Ugolotti Juri , Matochová Dagmar , Lazar Petr , Pospíšil Tomáš , Bakandritsos Aristides , Tuček Jiří , Zbořil Radek , Otyepka Michal
Published: February 2018

Understanding the links between nucleophilic/reductive strength of the environment, formation of radicals and point defect characteristics is crucial for achieving control over the functionalization of fluorographene.
Nanoparticles based on glycyrrhetinic acid modified porphyrin for photodynamic therapy of cancer
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Peisong , Xue Shuai , Zheng Xiaohua , Xie Zhigang , Chen Guang , Sun Tingting
Published: February 2018

Nanoparticles were prepared from amphiphilic glycyrrhetinic acid–porphyrin conjugates (TPP–GA) and applied for the photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Biocompatible tumor-targeting nanocomposites based on CuS for tumor imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Liang Li , Peng Shuwen , Yuan Zhenwei , Wei Chen , He Yuanyuan , Zheng Jinrong , Gu Yueqing , Chen Haiyan
Published: February 2018

This study provides a good platform for diagnosis and treatment, and it is expected to prompt further exploration of the active target efficiency to achieve better tumor treatment.
Catalytic performance of texturally improved Al–Mg mixed oxides derived from emulsion-synthesized hydrotalcites
Authors: Petrolini Davi D. , da Silva Neto Alano V. , Urquieta-González Ernesto A. , Pulcinelli Sandra H. , Santilli Celso V. , Martins Leandro
Published: February 2018

Mixed oxides of aluminum and magnesium derived from hydrotalcites that were prepared by means of a sol–gel method mediated by an emulsified sol as pore template.
Bioresponsive and near infrared photon co-enhanced cancer theranostic based on upconversion nanocapsules
Authors: Xu Jiating , Han Wei , Cheng Ziyong , Yang Piaoping , Bi Huiting , Yang Dan , Niu Na , He Fei , Gai Shili , Lin Jun
Published: February 2018

A yolk-like nanocapsule with responsiveness to tumor microenvironment and NIR photons was invented by integrating a tumor-responsive photothermal agent on Mn-doped UCNPs@mSiO2 nanospheres for multiple imaging guided thermo-chemotherapy.
Aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries: an imperishable and high-energy Zn2V2O7 nanowire cathode through intercalation regulation
Authors: Sambandam Balaji , Soundharrajan Vaiyapuri , Kim Sungjin , Alfaruqi Muhammad H. , Jo Jeonggeun , Kim Seokhun , Mathew Vinod , Sun Yang-kook , Kim Jaekook
Published: February 2018

α-Zn2V2O7 nanowire is utilized as cathode for aqueous Zn-ions energy storage application. This cathode is sustained a high reversible capacity of 138 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles and displays a high specific energy, added advantage for aqueous battery system.
Thermally-stable dynamic windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition from aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Alcaraz Geoffrey Kirk A. , Juarez-Rolon Jose S. , Burpee Nicholas A. , Barile Christopher J.
Published: February 2018

Appropriate additives to dynamic windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition allow aqueous-based electrolytes to be used that support minute-long switching times across a wide temperature range.
The effect of stoichiometry on the structural, thermal and electronic properties of thermally decomposed nickel oxide
Authors: Dubey P. , Kaurav Netram , Devan Rupesh S. , Okram G. S. , Kuo Y. K.
Published: February 2018

A thermal decomposition route with different sintering temperatures was employed to prepare non-stoichiometric nickel oxide (Ni1−δO) from Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as a precursor.
Correction: Synthesis, and single crystal structure of fully-substituted polynitrobenzene derivatives for high-energy materials
Authors: Yang Wei , Lu Huanchang , Liao Longyu , Fan Guijuan , Ma Qing , Huang Jinglun
Published: February 2018

Correction for ‘Synthesis, and single crystal structure of fully-substituted polynitrobenzene derivatives for high-energy materials’ by Wei Yang et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 2203–2208.
Double trenches LDMOS with trapezoidal gate
Authors: Yuan Na , Wu Lijuan , Yang Hang , Song Yue , Hu Limin , Lei Bing , Zhang Yinyan
Published: February 2018

A novel double trenches lateral double diffused metal oxide semiconductor with trapezoidal gate (TGDT LDMOS) is proposed. One feature of the device is that two dielectric trenches which are equivalent to two field plates are introduced in the drift region. The two dielectric trenches not only modulate the body electric field to improve the breakdown voltage (BV) of the device but also assist to deplete the drift region to reduce the specific on‐resistance (Ron,sp). The other feature is the presence of the trapezoidal gate which increases the gate oxide thickness to reduce the capacitance of gate and drain (CGD). Thereby the charge between the gate and drain (QGD) is reduced, so that the conduction loss of the device is decreased. Compared with the conventional LDMOS with trapezoidal gate and the single trench LDMOS with trapezoidal gate, the figure of merit (FOM = BV2/Ron,sp) of the TGDT LDMOS is increased by 112.5 and 54.5%, respectively. Compared with the conventional double trenches LDMOS with rectangle gate, the FOM is similar, but the QGD is reduced by 45.7%. Simultaneously, the feasible process steps of the TGDT LDMOS are given in this work.
Simple, repeatable and low‐cost SERS fibre probe for fluorochrome detection
Authors: Xia Meijing , Guo Hao , Tang Jun , Li Chunming , Zhao Rui , Wang Lei , Liu Wenyao , Yang Jiangtao , Liu Jun
Published: February 2018

A method for developing the spherical surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) fibre probe is presented cladded with the silver nanoparticles to detect the fluorochrome molecular. By controlling the diameter of the fibre ball, the excellent SERS enhancement effect has been achieved up to about 105 due to the plasmonic silver nanoparticles, the coated parylene‐C dielectric layer and the low‐energy loss in the spherical resonant cavity. Meanwhile, the repeatability and stability of the fibre probe have been explored by coating the parylene‐C with the error of 1%. It has proved an important superiority for potential commercial applications of this technique to detect the bio‐molecular with the advantages of high sensitivity, high stability and low cost.
Innovative solutions in monitoring systems in flood protection
Authors: Sekuła Klaudia , Połeć Marzena , Borecka Aleksandra
Published: February 2018

The article presents the possibilities of ISMOP – IT System of Levee Monitoring. This system is able to collecting data from the reference and experimental control and measurement network. The experimental levee is build in a 1:1 scale and located in the village of Czernichow, near Cracow. The innovation is the utilization of a series of sensors monitoring the changes in the body of levee. It can be done by comparing the results of numerical simulations with results from installed two groups of sensors: reference sensors and experimental sensors. The reference control and measurement sensors create network based on pore pressure and temperature sensors. Additionally, it contains the fiber-optic technology. The second network include design experimental sensors, constructed for the development of solutions that can be used in existing flood embankments. The results are important to create the comprehensive and inexpensive monitoring system, which could be helpful for state authorities and local governments in flood protection.
Drinking of tap water is smart, but how do it better? – A tap water quality research
Authors: Mika Anna , Sekuła Klaudia , Dendys Marta , Ptaszek Weronika , Postawa Adam
Published: February 2018

Drinking tap water has recently become popular. It is a way to fight with the tons of garbage (disposable, plastic bottles). However, many people are afraid of water quality. The research was performed in December 2015 in Krakow, during one week. 56 samples were collected. The samples were taken in different times of the day and in the two types of building (old one with installation from the 80s and new one with installation built in past few years). Samples were taken by two qualified operators. The first sample was collected at the morning at 6 a.m., before anyone uses the tap. The second one after the tap was flushed and then the third one after 30 minutes stagnation. At the evening was taken one sample (after using the tap all day).The aim of the research was to check the quality of drinking water in the end-user. The results show that quality of tap water in Krakow is good, also in the end-user, but the concentration of chemical elements are changing during the flushing and using of the tap.
Impact of Catchment Area Activities on Water Quality in Small Retention Reservoirs
Authors: Oszczapińska Katarzyna , Skoczko Iwona , Szczykowska Joanna
Published: February 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate catchment area impact on small water reservoirs condition in Podlasie. The researches were conducted in two different catchment areas. Topiło reservoir, located in Podlasie area in the south-east of Białowieża Forest, has typical sylvan catchment. Second reservoir, Dojlidy, is located also in Podlasie, in the south-east of Białystok as a part of Dojlidy Ponds. In contrast to Topiło, Dojlidy has agricultural catchment. Water samples collected from five sites along each reservoir were analysed for the presence of total nitrogen and phosphorus, chlorophyll “a”, reaction, turbidity and conductivity. Researches took place in spring, summer and autumn 2013 (Topiło Lake) and 2014/2015 (Dojlidy). The lowest trophic state was observed in autumn and the highest in summer. Because of the high loads of phosphorus received by the reservoirs, this element did not limit primary production. Calculated TSI values based on total phosphorus were always markedly higher than calculated on chlorophyll-a and total nitrogen. Both reservoirs demonstrated TSI indexes specific to hypertrophic lakes due to large amount of total phosphorus.
Contamination content introduced with rain water to the rivers after they have been cleaned in separators of petroleum compounds
Authors: Łapiński Dawid , Wiater Józefa
Published: February 2018

The article presents the results of rainwater quality studies. The rainwater flowing from the surface of urbanized areas of the city of Białystok discharged into the river after they have been cleansed with separators petroleum compounds. Also discussed are issues related to with rain water and the problem to need develop them. Contaminated flushes from sealed surfaces such as street squares, sidewalks, parking lots, etc., during periods of rain or thawing, pose a serious threat to the natural environment. The work presents analyzes of such pollutants as general slurry, heavy metals, chlorides, BOD5, COD, etc., which once penetrate rainwater into Biała River. Five measurement and control points located in a typical urban drainage basin were selected for the study. The tests were taken in the spring of 2017 in two measuring series. The first series was taken during the long-term precipitation, while the second was after the almost one-month rain-free period, at the time of the first precipitation.
Ciliated protozoa in the impact zone of the Uzhgorod treatment plant
Authors: Pliashechnyk Volodimir , Danko Yaroslav , Łagód Grzegorz , Drewnowski Jakub , Kuzmina Tatiana , Babko Roman
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the results of studies on the Uzh River (Ukraine, Zakarpattia Oblast) near the effluent point of a sewage treatment plant in Uzhgorod. The samples were taken at various sites of the treatment plant along the stages of purification process, as well as in the river, at a number of different points above and below the wastewater discharge. At each of these objects, the temperature and O2were measured. The structure of ciliate assemblage was analyzed along the stages of the treatment process in the WWTP and in the river before and after the sewage discharge. A total of 26 ciliate taxa were observed and included in the analysis. All the studied stations were considered as a continuum in which populations of protozoa spread freely according to their ecological preferences. The majority of ciliate species were encountered in each of the examined stations, but their quantitative development differed significantly, reflecting their response to the environmental conditions at the stations. The analysis of the qualitative and quantitative distribution of ciliate populations by the stations enabled to group them in respect to the peculiarities of the local conditions. The study showed that the majority of the ciliate species, typical of bioreactors, are equally common at the stations of the Uzh River below wastewater discharges. The ciliate assemblage in the oxygen gradient demonstrated a wide spectrum of ecological tolerance at the species level. These findings confirm that ciliates are very good indicators of the environmental quality, provided that detailed information about their environmental priorities is available.
Energy from Landfill Gas as an Example of Circular Economy
Authors: Ciuła Józef , Gaska Krzysztof , Generowicz Agnieszka , Hajduga Gabriela
Published: February 2018

Landfill biogas becomes an important factor in elimination of fossil fuels as a result of fast- growing use of renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of operation of the plant where landfill biogas was utilized for energy production. The average annually (gross) productions of electric energy and heat at the plant were 1217 MWh and 1,789 MW, respectively. The average calorific value of biogas was 17 MJ/m3, which corresponds to 4,8 kW/m3. According to the measurements and actual readings acquired during operation of a cogeneration unit, it can be stated that the CHP system has been working within its average operation limits and still has some power reserves to utilize. Therefore, the authors concluded that a landfill can be operated both as a producer and a supplier of prosumer energy.
Computer Simulation in Predicting Biochemical Processes and Energy Balance at WWTPs
Authors: Drewnowski Jakub , Zaborowska Ewa , Hernandez De Vega Carmen
Published: February 2018

Nowadays, the use of mathematical models and computer simulation allow analysis of many different technological solutions as well as testing various scenarios in a short time and at low financial budget in order to simulate the scenario under typical conditions for the real system and help to find the best solution in design or operation process. The aim of the study was to evaluate different concepts of biochemical processes and energy balance modelling using a simulation platform GPS-x and a comprehensive model Mantis2. The paper presents the example of calibration and validation processes in the biological reactor as well as scenarios showing an influence of operational parameters on the WWTP energy balance. The results of batch tests and full-scale campaign obtained in the former work were used to predict biochemical and operational parameters in a newly developed plant model. The model was extended with sludge treatment devices, including anaerobic digester. Primary sludge removal efficiency was found as a significant factor determining biogas production and further renewable energy production in cogeneration. Water and wastewater utilities, which run and control WWTP, are interested in optimizing the process in order to save environment, their budget and decrease the pollutant emissions to water and air. In this context, computer simulation can be the easiest and very useful tool to improve the efficiency without interfering in the actual process performance.
Artificial ponds in Central Europe do not fall behind the natural ponds in terms of macrophyte diversity
Authors: Bubíková Kateřina , Hrivnák Richard
Published: February 2018

We studied macrophyte composition and 24 environmental variables in 69 ponds of both natural and artificial origin in Slovakia. We tested differences in α and γ diversity and β similarity between natural and artificial ponds for helophytes, hydrophytes, red list species and all species. We also assessed effects of environmental variables on species richness of studied ponds by generalised linear models (GLM). For local diversity, the significant difference was obtained only in case of helophytes. Beta similarity significantly differed for all the species groups. Total species numbers (gamma diversity) of all the groups were higher in natural ponds with the exception of hydrophytes. A randomization test of γ diversity yielded significant differences for helophytes and all species groups; richness and diversity of hydrophytes and red list species were not significantly different. Thus, we can conclude that even though natural ponds have a significantly higher regional diversity, local diversity is comparable not only for common species but also endangered red-listed macrophytes and thus artificial ponds could serve as proper secondary habitats for macrophytes. GLM showed different effect of environmental predictors on richness of studied species and pond groups and a slightly higher explained variability in natural (40%) compared to artificial (37%) ponds.
Koalitionsverhandlungen zur GroKo: Erwartungen, Enttäuschungen und Forderungen
Authors: Paquet Robert
Published: February 2018

Nachdem die Jamaika-Träume zerplatzt sind, und die Politik nun doch auf die kleinste „große Koalition“ zusteuert, die wir je hatten, haben sich die inhaltlichen Vorgaben geändert. Die Finanzarchitektur der GKV steht plötzlich im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Das zeigt auch das Ergebnispapier der Sondierungen.
Bundesverfassungsgericht-Urteil Zur Studienplatzvergabe: Kein Problem wird gelöst
Authors: Kroemer Heyo
Published: February 2018

Die Karlsruher Richter haben das Verfahren zur Vergabe von Medizinstudienplätzen für teilweise verfassungswidrig erklärt. Prof. Dr. Heyo Kroemer, Präsident des Medizinischen Fakultätentages, analysiert und kommentiert für kma die Auswirkungen des Urteils.
Surgical Approach to the Thick Nasolabial Folds, Jowls and Heavy Neck—How to Approach and Suspend the Facial Ligaments
Authors: Emre Ismet , Özücer Berke , Cakmak Ozcan
Published: February 2018

Patients with thick skin typically present with a redundant, baggy, lax skin envelope together with prominent nasolabial folds, jowls, and a heavy neck. Durable and natural-appearing rejuvenation is not possible unless the deformities are addressed adequately and harmoniously in these patients. Traditional superficial musculoaponeurotic system techniques do not include surgical release of the zygomatic cutaneous ligaments and repositioning of descendent malar fat pad, and may lead to an unbalanced, unnatural appearance and the lateral sweep phenomenon. Additional attempts to improve unopposed nasolabial folds such as fat grafting to malar region are more likely to result with a “stuffed” look, far from a natural and rejuvenated appearance, and must therefore be avoided. The facelift techniques including true release of the anchoring ligaments of the midface and allowing adequate repositioning of saggy tissues are ideal for these patients to obtain harmonious, natural result. Despite the extensive dissections, maximal release, and maximal lateral pull, additional maneuvers, e.g., platysmaplasty, subplatysmal fat removal, or partial resection of submandibular glands may be required for satisfying result in patients with heavy neck. In this article, the authors outline the relevant anatomy of the facial retaining ligaments and their implications to surgical management of patients with heavy skin are discussed.
Upper Lid Thick Skin Blepharoplasty
Authors: Bradford Benjamin , Pastorek Norman
Published: February 2018

While many of the basic tenants of upper lid blepharoplasty remain constant regardless of skin type, the thick-skinned eyelid patient requires special consideration. The brow may be naturally lower in the thick-skinned patient. These patients are more prone to having the brow pulled downward while attempting to remove redundant skin. There may also be more fat in the medial and central compartments. There may be fat in a lateral compartment overlying the lacrimal gland. Patient's expectations for a deep lid sulcus and complete excision of redundant skin may not be possible. They are more prone to an observable scar, a small dog ear at the lateral wound edge, and prolonged postoperative lid edema. Patients with lifelong upper lid fullness must get some input from significant others because their upper face aesthetic will change. In these patients, the eyelid surgery is not a rejuvenation, but a creation.
Cool Atmospheric Plasma (J-Plasma) and New Options for Facial Contouring and Skin Rejuvenation of the Heavy Face and Neck
Authors: Gentile Richard
Published: February 2018

Treating patients with heavy or thick features comes with challenges not present in those patients lacking these physical characteristics. The authors report our experience with cool atmospheric plasma for facial contouring and skin rejuvenation of the heavy face and neck including rhinophyma. Cool atmospheric plasma is generated by running helium gas over radiofrequency energy. The resulting plasma is a fourth state of matter and has enhanced clinical effects for ablation and thinning of skin and soft tissues as well of contouring and tightening of deeper soft tissues and fascia. Cool helium plasma has been a very effective tool for skin rejuvenation and skin tightening as well as using it as a tool for nonexcisional microinvasive face and neck rejuvenation. Future research may indicate that it can help treat primary or recurrent superficial cutaneous malignancies.
Conn-Syndrom – mehr als nur Aldosteronexzess?
Authors: Lang Katharina , Reincke Martin
Published: February 2018

Was ist neu?

Steroidhormonprofil im Conn-Syndrom Erstmalig wurde bei Conn-Patienten neben dem bekannten Mineralokortikoidexzess auch ein klinisch relevanter Glukokortikoidexzess demonstriert. Dieser fand sich unabhängig von Subtyp und zugrundeliegender somatischer Mutation.

Begleit- und Folgeerkrankungen Der Aldosteronexzess ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für zerebro- und kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse und Nierenschäden verknüpft, welche unabhängig von der arteriellen Hypertonie auftreten. Dies ist auf eine direkte Aldosteronwirkung zurückzuführen. Das außerdem beim Conn-Syndrom vermehrte Vorkommen von metabolischen Störungen, Depression, Angsterkrankungen sowie Osteoporose lässt sich nun im Zusammenhang mit dem beobachteten Glukokortikoidexzess erklären. Die Glukokortikoidausscheidung konnte bei Conn-Patienten mit grundlegenden Parametern des metabolischen Risikoprofils korreliert werden.

Implikationen für Diagnostik und Therapie Das spezifische Steroidprofil im Rahmen des Conn-Syndroms birgt das Potenzial, Diagnose, Subtypdifferenzierung und Identifikation somatischer Mutationen zu ermöglichen. Im Hinblick auf die metabolischen Folgeerkrankungen gilt es nun zu untersuchen, ob zusätzlich zur Aldosteron- auch eine Glukokortikoid-antagonistische Medikation erfolgen muss. Auf jeden Fall muss, analog zum Vorgehen bei adrenalem Cushing-Syndrom, nach operativer Entfernung eines Conn-Adenoms postoperativ die adrenale Reserve evaluiert werden.
A comparison of the performance of mono-Si and poly-Si photovoltaic modules operating under Kosovo climate condition
Authors: Komoni Vjollca , Gebremedhin Alemayehu , Ibrahimi Njomza
Published: February 2018

The performance analysis and evaluation of a real grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system operating under the mild continental climate condition of Kosovo are conducted in this paper. The PV system is installed on a flat roof of the laboratory building at the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering. With fixed monocrystalline silicon (m-Si) and polycrystalline silicon (p-Si) module types with installed capacities of 1.76 kWp and 2.16 kWp respectively, inclined at an angle of 45 °C, facing south and through two solar inverters, the latter feds the low voltage distribution grid with electricity. Performance and meteorological data for each type of module were collected and analyzed for the period between December 2014 and November 2015. The m-Si PV modules have shown higher performance compared to p-Si PV modules. Electricity production during the monitoring period was 1286.57 kWh/kWp from p-Si modules and 1328.21 kWh/kWp from m-Si modules. The annual average daily final yield (Yf), the annual average value of the performance ratio, and system efficiency (ηsys) for the p-Si PV modules were found to be 3.53 kWh/kWp/day, 80%, and 11.67%, respectively. In addition, the corresponding values for the m-Si modules were 3.64 kWh/kWp/day, 84%, and 12.78%, respectively. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the performance of the photovoltaic system under study with other photovoltaic systems installed in various countries worldwide was carefully investigated and presented in this paper.
Measuring the Allan variance by sinusoidal fitting
Authors: DeVoe Ralph G.
Published: February 2018

The Allan variance of signal and reference frequencies is measured by a least-square fit of the output of two analog-to-digital converters to ideal sine waves. The difference in the fit phase of the two channels generates the timing data needed for the Allan variance. The fits are performed at the signal frequency (≈10 MHz) without the use of heterodyning. Experimental data from a modified digital oscilloscope yield a residual Allan deviation of 3 × 10−13/τ, where τ is the observation time in s. This corresponds to a standard deviation in time of <300 fs or 20 μrad in phase. The experimental results are supported by statistical theory and Monte Carlo simulations which suggest that optimized devices may have one or two orders of magnitude better performance.
Chain length effects of p-oligophenyls with comparison of benzene by Raman scattering
Authors: Zhang Kai , Chen Xiao-Jia
Published: February 2018

Raman scattering measurements are performed on benzene and a number of p-oligophenyls including biphenyl, p-terphenyl, p-quaterphenyl, p-quinquephenyl, and p-sexiphenyl at ambient conditions. The vibrational modes of the intra- and intermolecular terms in these materials are analyzed and compared. Chain length effects on the vibrational properties are examined for the C-H in-plane bending mode and the inter-ring C-C stretching mode at around 1200 cm−1 and 1280 cm−1, respectively, and the C-C stretching modes at around 1600 cm−1. The complex and fluctuating properties of these modes result in an imprecise estimation of the chain length of these molecules. Meanwhile, the obtained ratio of the intensities of the 1200 cm−1 mode and 1280 cm−1 mode is sensitive to the applied lasers. A librational motion mode with the lowest energy is found to have a monotonous change with the increase in the chain length. This mode is simply relevant to the c axis of the unit cell. Such an obvious trend makes it a better indicator for determining the chain length effects on the physical and chemical properties in these molecules.
Direct bandgap type-I GeSn/GeSn quantum well on a GeSn- and Ge- buffered Si substrate
Authors: Grant Perry C. , Margetis Joe , Zhou Yiyin , Dou Wei , Abernathy Grey , Kuchuk Andrian , Du Wei , Li Baohua , Tolle John , Liu Jifeng , Sun Greg , Soref Richard A. , Mortazavi Mansour , Yu Shui-Qing
Published: February 2018

This paper reports the comprehensive characterization of a Ge0.92Sn0.08/Ge0.86Sn0.14/Ge0.92Sn0.08 single quantum well. By using a strain relaxed Ge0.92Sn0.08 buffer, the direct bandgap Ge0.86Sn0.14 QW was achieved, which is unattainable by using only a Ge buffer. Band structure calculations and optical transition analysis revealed that the quantum well features type-I band alignment. The photoluminescence spectra showed dramatically increased quantum well peak intensity at lower temperature, confirming that the Ge0.86Sn0.14 quantum well is a direct bandgap material.
Relative importance of environmental variables for the distribution of the invasive marsh species Spartina alterniflora across different spatial scales
Authors: Liu Huiyu , Gong Haibo , Qi Xiangzhen , Li Yufeng , Lin Zhenshan
Published: February 2018

The relative importance of environmental variables for Spartina alterniflora distribution was investigated across different spatial scales using maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt), a species distribution modelling technique. The results showed that elevation was the most important predictor for species presence at each scale. Mean diurnal temperature range and isothermality were the second most important predictors at national and regional scales respectively. Soil drainage class, pH and organic carbon were important on the northern Chinese coast. The importance of climatic variable type was highest at global and national scales and declined as the scale decreased. The importance of soil variable type was lower at coarser scales, but varied greatly at finer scales. The relationships between environmental variables and species presence changed as the variables’ ranges changed across different scales. Climatic and soil variables were substantially affected by interactions among variables, which changed their relationships with species presence and relative importance. The modelled suitable area on the Chinese coast decreased from 54.16 to 12.64% limited by elevation from the global to national scale, and decreased to 8.04% limited by soil drainage, pH and organic carbon from the national to regional scale. The findings of the present study emphasise the importance of spatial scale for understanding relationships between environmental variables and the presence of S. alterniflora.
Towards a continuum of care concerning chemsex issues
Authors: Bakker Ingrid , Knoops Leon
Published: February 2018

In response to the apparent rise in chemsex in the Netherlands Mainline Foundation interviewed 27 MSM about their crystal meth use and/or experience with injecting in a sexual context. These men were interviewed about their motivation for methamphetamine use, their sexual risk-taking behaviour, methods and context of their drug use, and their information- and care needs. In 2015 this resulted in the status report Tina and Slamming: MSM, Crystal Meth Use and Intravenous Drug Use in a Sexual Context. Following the publication of this report Mainline foundation has been offering harm-reduction intervention for MSM and promoting the development of a continuum of care by building networks, training professionals and investing in advocacy. In our view, a continuum of care means the availability of a sufficient level of qualitative and effective preventive interventions, harm reduction services and treatment facilities that are connected, can track and intervene in the ‘lifecycle’ of individual drug use, and are easily accessible by the target group. This case study describes the various interventions of Mainline foundation, that make up their continuum of care approach concerning chemsex issues.
AT1 Receptor Antagonism Improves Structural, Functional, and Biomechanical Properties in Resistance Arteries in a Rodent Chronic Kidney Disease Model
Authors: Quek Ko Jin , Ameer Omar Z , Phillips Jacqueline K
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

The renin–angiotensin system, in particular Angiotensin II (AngII), plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Effects of chronic AT1 receptor antagonism were investigated in a genetic hypertensive rat model of CKD, the Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK) rat.

METHODS

Mixed-sex LPK and Lewis control rats (total n = 31) were split between treated (valsartan 60 mg/kg/day p.o. from 4 to 18 weeks) and vehicle groups. Animals were assessed for systolic blood pressure and urine biochemistry, and after euthanasia, blood collected for urea and creatinine analysis, confirming the hypertensive and renal phenotype. Mesenteric resistance vasculature was assessed using pressure myography and histology.

RESULTS

Valsartan treatment improved vascular structure in LPK rats, increasing internal and external diameter values and reducing wall thickness (untreated vs. treated LPK: 53.19 ± 3.29 vs. 33.93 ± 2.17 μm) and wall–lumen ratios (untreated vs. treated LPK: 0.52 ± 0.09 vs. 0.16 ± 0.01, all P < 0.0001). Endothelium dysfunction, as measured by maximal response to acetylcholine (Rmax), was normalized with treatment (untreated vs. treated LPK: 69.56 ± 4.34 vs. 103.05 ± 4.13, P < 0.05), increasing the relative contributions of nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization to vasorelaxation while downregulating the prostanoid contribution. Biomechanical properties also improved with treatment, as indicated by an increase in compliance, decrease in intrinsic stiffness and alterations in the artery wall composition, which included decreases in collagen density and collagen/elastin ratio.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results highlight the importance of AngII as a driver of resistance vessel structural, functional, and biomechanical dysfunction and provide insight as to how AT1 receptor blockade exerts therapeutic efficacy in CKD.
Lack of Prognostic Model Validation in Low Back Pain Prediction Studies
Authors: McIntosh Greg , Steenstra Ivan , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Carter Tom , Hall Hamilton
Published: February 2018

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency with which prediction studies for low back pain outcomes utilize prospective methods of prognostic model validation.

Method:

Searches of Medline and Embase for terms “predict/predictor,” “prognosis,” or “prognostic factor.” The search was limited to studies conducted in humans and reported in the English language. Included articles were all those published in 2 Spine specialty journals (Spine and The Spine Journal) over a 13-month period, January 2013 to January 2014. Conference papers, reviews, and letters were excluded. The initial screen identified 55 potential studies (44 in Spine, 11 in The Spine Journal); 34 were excluded because they were not primary data collection prediction studies; 23 were not prediction studies and 11 were review articles. This left 21 prognosis papers for review, 19 in Spine, 2 in The Spine Journal.

Results:

None of the 21 studies provided validation for the predictors that they documented (neither internal or external validation). On the basis of the study designs and lack of validation, only 2 studies used the correct terminology for describing associations/relationships between independent and dependent variables.

Discussion:

Unless researchers and clinicians consider sophisticated and rigorous methods of statistical/external validity for prediction/prognostic findings they will make incorrect assumptions and draw invalid conclusions regarding treatment effects and outcomes. Without proper validation methods, studies that claim to present prediction models actually describe only traits or characteristics of the studied sample.
The Painful TAR
Authors: Weber Jeffrey S. , Larson David R. , Prissel Mark A. , Hyer Christopher F. , Berlet Gregory C.
Published: February 2018

Total ankle implants have evolved consistently over the past decade, and with improvement in design, the frequency of total ankle replacement (TAR) use has increased. Implant survival, ease, and accuracy of implantation have all been shown to improve with second and third generation TAR designs, but even with improvements, complications remain a concern. One such complication is residual pain following an ankle replacement. The etiology of a painful TAR is multifactorial and includes infection, soft tissue impingement, neuritis, heterotopic ossification, periarticular arthritis, and aseptic loosening. Careful surgical technique can prevent several of these pain generators, whereas others may occur spontaneously. It is important to identify the underlying cause of persistent pain following TAR, as the etiologies described above are treatable.

Level of Evidence: Level 5. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.