bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Performance Analysis of an Absorption Cooling System Based on Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors
Authors: Wang Jiangjiang , Yan Rujing , Wang Zhuang , Zhang Xutao , Shi Guohua
Published: October 2018

Solar radiation intensity significantly influences the cooling loads of building, and the two are correlated and accorded to a certain extent. This study proposes a double effect LiBr–H2O absorption cooling system based on the parabolic trough collector (PTC) of solar heat energy. Thermodynamic models including PTC and absorption chiller are constructed, and their accuracy is verified by comparing the simulation results and the experimental data. Subsequently, the impact of variable design parameters on the thermodynamic performance is analyzed and discussed. The analysis of a solar cooling system in a hotel case study is related to its operation in a typical day, the average coefficient of performance of the absorption chiller is approximately 1.195, and the whole solar cooling system achieves 61.98% solar energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, the performance comparison of a solar cooling system in different types of building indicates that higher matching and a higher correlation coefficient between the transient solar direct normal irradiance and cooling load is helpful in decreasing the heat loss and improving systemic performance. The solar cooling system in the office building exhibits a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.81 and achieves 69.47% systemic thermal efficiency.
Resonant Pulsing Frequency Effect for Much Smaller Bubble Formation with Fluidic Oscillation
Authors: Desai Pratik Devang , Hines Michael John , Riaz Yassir , Zimmerman William B.
Published: October 2018

Microbubbles have several applications in gas-liquid contacting operations. Conventional production of microbubbles is energetically unfavourable since surface energy required to generate the bubbles is inversely proportional to the size of the bubble generated. Fluidic oscillators have demonstrated a size decrease for a system with high throughput and low energetics but the achievable bubble size is limited due to coalescence. The hypothesis of this paper is that this limitation can be overcome by modifying bubble formation dynamics mediated by oscillatory flow. Frequency and amplitude are two easily controlled factors in oscillatory flow. The bubble can be formed at the displacement phase of the frequency cycle if the amplitude is sufficient to detach the bubble. If the frequency is too low, the conventional steady flow detachment mechanism occurs instead; if the frequency is too high, the bubbles coalesce. Our hypothesis proposes the existence of a resonant mode or ‘sweet-spot’ condition, via frequency modulation and increase in amplitude, to reduce coalescence and produce smallest bubble size with no additional energy input. This condition is identified for an exemplar system showing relative size changes, and a bubble size reduction from 650 µm for steady flow, to 120 µm for oscillatory-flow, and 60 µm for resonant condition (volume average) and 250 µm for steady-flow, 15 µm for oscillatory-flow, 7 µm for the resonant condition. A 10-fold reduction in bubble size with minimal increase in associated energetics results in a substantial reduction in energy requirements for all processes involving gas-liquid operations. The reduction in the energetic footprint of this method has widespread ramifications in all gas-liquid contacting operations including but not limited to wastewater aeration, desalination, flotation separation operations, and other operations.
Adaptive Smart Control Method for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System
Authors: Gong Lingbing , Xiao Chunyan , Cao Bin , Zhou Yuliang
Published: October 2018

In order to shorten the wireless charging time of electric vehicles (EVs) and achieve stable charging, an adaptive smart control method for EV wireless charging is proposed in the paper. The method dynamically tracks the rechargeable battery state during the whole charging process, realizes multi-stage charging of constant current (CC) or constant voltage (CV) by switching two kinds of compensation networks of bilateral L3C and L3C-C, and regulates the charging voltage and current to make it as close as possible to the battery charging characteristic curve. This method can be implemented because the voltage source connected to the coupler and the compensation networks of bilateral L3C and L3C-C have the CC and CV source characteristics, respectively. On the basis of the established adaptive smart control system of EV wireless charging, the experiments of wireless data transmission and adaptive smart charging were conducted. The results showed that the designed control system had a response time of less than 200 ms and strong anti-interference ability and it shortened the charging time by about 16% compared with the time using traditional charging methods, thereby achieving a fast, stable, safe, and complete wireless charging process.
Improved Voltage Unbalance and Harmonics Compensation Control Strategy for an Isolated Microgrid
Authors: Hadidian Moghaddam Mohammad Jafar , Kalam Akhtar , Miveh Mohammad Reza , Naderipour Amirreza , Gandoman Foad H. , Ghadimi Ali Asghar , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain
Published: October 2018

This paper suggests an enhanced control scheme for a four-leg battery energy storage systems (BESS) under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions operating in the isolated microgrid. Simplicity, tiny steady-state error, fast transient response, and low total harmonic distortion (THD) are the main advantages of the method. Firstly, a new decoupled per-phase model for the three-phase four-leg inverter is presented. It can eliminate the effect of power stage coupling on control design; thus, the three-phase four-leg power inverter can be viewed as three single input single output (SISO) control systems. Then, using an improved orthogonal signal generation method, the per-phase model of the four-leg inverter in the stationary and synchronous frame is derived. As the second step, a per-phase multi-loop control scheme for the four-leg inverter under unbalanced load conditions is suggested. The proposed control strategy has the ability to provide balanced output voltages under unbalanced load conditions by avoiding the need to deal with the symmetrical components. Finally, a multi-resonant harmonic compensator is used to actively prevent low-order harmonic currents to distort the output voltages of the three-phase four-leg grid-forming power converter. Simulations results are also presented to verify the performance of the suggested control strategy.
Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Fresh and Surface Water Samples
Authors: Makombe Martin , Van der Horst Charlton , Silwana Bongiwe , Iwuoha Emmanuel , Somerset Vernon
Published: October 2018

The increasing demand for rare earth elements in green technology, electronic components, petroleum refining, and agricultural activities has resulted in their scattering and accumulation in the environment. This study determined cerium, lanthanum and praseodymium in environmental water samples with the help of adsorptive differential pulse stripping voltammetry (AdDPSV) and inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A comparison of the results of these two analytical techniques was also made. The accuracy and precision of the methods were evaluated by spiking water samples with a known amount of REEs. The detection limit obtained for the stripping analysis was 0.10 μg/L for Ce(III), and 2.10 μg/L for combined La(III) and Pr(III). The spectroscopic method of determination by ICP-OES was applied to the same samples to evaluate the effectiveness of the voltammetry procedure. The ICP-OES detection limit obtained was 2.45, 3.12 and 3.90 μg/L for Ce(III), La(III) and Pr(III), respectively. The results obtained from the two techniques showed low detection limits in voltammetry; the ICP-OES method achieved better simultaneous analysis. This sensor has been successfully applied for the determination of cerium, lanthanum, and praseodymium in environmental water samples, offering good results.
Addendum: Lindseth, A. and Lobel, P.S. Underwater Soundscape Monitoring and Fish Bioacoustics: A Review. Fishes 2018, 3, 36
Authors: Lindseth Adelaide V. , Lobel Phillip S.
Published: October 2018

Two videos have been added to the original manuscript [1] as supplementary material together with a description of the recording method.[...]
The Pertinence of Microwave Irradiated Coconut Shell Bio-Sorbent for Wastewater Decolourization: Structural Morphology and Adsorption Optimization Using the Response Surface Method (RSM)
Authors: Abdulsalam Mohammed , Che Man Hasfalina , Isma Idris Aida , Zainal Abidin Zurina , Faezah Yunos Khairul
Published: October 2018

Palm oil mill effluent contains carcinogenic coloured compounds that are difficult to separate due to their aromatic structure. Though colour treatment using adsorption processes at lower pH (<4) have been reported effectual, due to its acidity the remediated effluent poses an environmental hazard as a result. Thus, the current study focused on achieving decolourization at neutral pH by enhancing the morphology of the coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) using N2 as activating-agent with microwave irradiation heating. The microwave pretreated and non-pretreated CSAC were characterized using scanned electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. A significant modification in the porous structure with a 66.62% increase in the specific surface area was achieved after the pretreatment. The adsorption experimental matrix was developed using the central composite design to investigate the colour adsorption performance under varied pH (6–7), dosage (2–6 g) and contact time (10–100 min). At optimum conditions of neutral pH (7), 3.208 g dosage and contact time of 35 min, the percentage of colour removal was 96.29% with negligible differences compared with the predicted value, 95.855%. The adsorption equilibrium capacity of 1430.1 ADMI × mL/g was attained at the initial colour concentration of 2025 ADMI at 27 °C. The experimental data fitted better with the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 0.9851.
Quantitative Study of Using Piloti for Passive Climate Adaptability in a Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter City in China
Authors: Zhou Zeng , Deng Qinli , Yang Guang , Lin Yaolin
Published: October 2018

There has been an insufficient study of passive climate adaptability that considers both the summer and winter season for the outdoor thermal environment of hot-summer and cold-winter cities. In this study, we performed a quantitative simulation to research the passive climate adaptability of a residential area, considering piloti as the main method for climate adaptation in a hot-summer and cold-winter city in China. Numerical simulations were performed with a coupled simulation method of convection, radiation, and conduction. A cubic non-linear k–ε model proposed by Craft et al. was selected as the turbulence model and three-dimensional multi-reflections of shortwave and longwave radiations were considered in the radiation simulation. Through the simulation, we found that setting the piloti at the two ends of the building was the optimal piloti arrangement for climate adaptation. Then the relationship between the piloti ratio (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) and the outdoor thermal environment was studied. It could be concluded that with the increasing piloti ratio, the wind velocity increased, the mean radiant temperature (MRT) decreased slightly, and the average standard effective temperature (SET*) decreased to 3.6 °C in summer, while in winter, with the increasing piloti ratio, the wind velocity, MRT, and SET* changed slightly. The wind environment significantly affected the SET* value, and the piloti ratio should be between 12% and 38% to avoid wind-induced discomfort.
Forming Quality Analysis on the Cold Roll Forming C-channel Steel
Authors: Hui Xiangjun , Wang Xianming
Published: October 2018

Cold roll forming, as a metal plastic forming process, is still mainly used in industrial production by the trial-and-error method, which wastes a lot of time and materials. In this paper, the C-channel steel is taken as the research object. First, the empirical equations of forming passes are verified and analyzed, then the cold roll forming model of C-channel steel is established, the forming quality of each pass and the stress-strain distribution of the whole sheet metal are analyzed, and the validity of the model is verified by experiments. The residual stresses of the web zone and flange of the finished product were measured. The results show that the empirical formulas are still not universal and the forming quality of the bite zone is poor. It needs to be adjusted by improving the distribution of deformation. The external surface of the C-channel steel is undertensile stress, while the internal surface is undercompressive stress, and the residual stresses of the flange are far greater than those of the web zone. The research provides a reference for the design of the bite zone and the number of forming passes.
Optimization of Growth and Carotenoid Production by Haloferax mediterranei Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Montero-Lobato Zaida , Ramos-Merchante Adrián , Fuentes Juan Luis , Sayago Ana , Fernández-Recamales Ángeles , Martínez-Espinosa Rosa María , Vega José María , Vílchez Carlos , Garbayo Inés
Published: October 2018

Haloferax mediterranei produces C50 carotenoids that have strong antioxidant properties. The response surface methodology (RSM) tool helps to accurately analyze the most suitable conditions to maximize C50 carotenoids production by haloarchaea. The effects of temperature (15–50 °C), pH (4−10), and salinity (5–28% NaCl (w/v)) on the growth and carotenoid content of H. mediterranei were analyzed using the RSM approach. Growth was determined by measuring the turbidity at 600 nm. To determine the carotenoid content, harvested cells were lysed by freeze/thawing, then re-suspended in acetone and the total carotenoid content determined by measuring the absorbance at 494 nm. The analysis of carotenoids was performed by an HPLC system coupled with mass spectrometry. The results indicated the theoretical optimal conditions of 36.51 or 36.81 °C, pH of 8.20 or 8.96, and 15.01% or 12.03% (w/v) salinity for the growth of haloarchaea (OD600 = 12.5 ± 0.64) and production of total carotenoids (3.34 ± 0.29 mg/L), respectively. These conditions were validated experimentally for growth (OD600 = 13.72 ± 0.98) and carotenoid production (3.74 ± 0.20 mg/L). The carotenoid profile showed four isomers of bacterioruberin (89.13%). Our findings suggest that the RSM approach is highly useful for determining optimal conditions for large-scale production of bacterioruberin by haloarchaea.
Meroterpenoid-Rich Fraction of the Ethanolic Extract from Sargassum serratifolium Suppressed Oxidative Stress Induced by Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Lim Sujin , Kwon Misung , Joung Eun-Ji , Shin Taisun , Oh Chul-Woong , Choi Jae Sue , Kim Hyeung-Rak
Published: October 2018

Sargassum species have been reported to be a source of phytochemicals, with a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of a meroterpenoid-rich fraction of the ethanolic extract from Sargassum serratifolium (MES) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-treated HepG2 cells. Treatment with MES recovered the cell viability from the t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in a dose-dependent manner. It suppressed the reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion in the t-BHP-treated HepG2 cells. The activity of the antioxidants induced by t-BHP, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, was reduced by the MES treatment. Moreover, it increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, leading to the enhanced activity of glutathione S transferase, and the increased production of heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 in t-BHP-treated HepG2 cells. These results demonstrate that the antioxidant activity of MES substituted the activity of the SOD and catalase, and induced the production of detoxifying enzymes, indicating that MES might be used as a hepatoprotectant against t-BHP-induced oxidative stress.
Antizyme Inhibitors in Polyamine Metabolism and Beyond: Physiopathological Implications
Authors: Ramos-Molina Bruno , Lambertos Ana , Peñafiel Rafael
Published: October 2018

The intracellular levels of polyamines, cationic molecules involved in a myriad of cellular functions ranging from cellular growth, differentiation and apoptosis, is precisely regulated by antizymes and antizyme inhibitors via the modulation of the polyamine biosynthetic and transport systems. Antizymes, which are mainly activated upon high polyamine levels, inhibit ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the key enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic route, and exert a negative control of polyamine intake. Antizyme inhibitors (AZINs), which are proteins highly homologous to ODC, selectively interact with antizymes, preventing their action on ODC and the polyamine transport system. In this review, we will update the recent advances on the structural, cellular and physiological functions of AZINs, with particular emphasis on the action of these proteins in the regulation of polyamine metabolism. In addition, we will describe emerging evidence that suggests that AZINs may also have polyamine-independent effects on cells. Finally, we will discuss how the dysregulation of AZIN activity has been implicated in certain human pathologies such as cancer, fibrosis or neurodegenerative diseases.
Environment and Big Data: Role in Smart Cities of India
Authors: Dwevedi Rajneesh , Krishna Vinoy , Kumar Aniket
Published: October 2018

The intention of India’s Smart City Mission program is to achieve better living conditions in a sustainable environment with smart solutions. This program identifies the key challenges of urbanization and the environment. The mitigation of these challenges depends on the monitoring and assessment of multiple factors, including demography, education, health, and the environment; however, the inclusion of environmental factors are limited. The monitoring and assessment of environmental factors will continuously generate big data and hence would require scientific and technological innovation for a sustainable management plan. This study identifies six environmental factors, which should be integrated in the development of smart cities. These environmental factors include indicators of landscape and geography, climate, atmospheric pollution, water resources, energy resources, and urban green space as a major component of the environment. This paper also discusses the importance of these environmental components and the maintenance of big data in the management of smart cities.
On the Optimal Risk Sharing in Reinsurance with Random Recovery Rate
Authors: Li Chen , Li Xiaohu
Published: October 2018

This paper studies a Pareto-optimal reinsurance contract in the presence of negative statistical dependence between the insurance claim and the random recovery rate. In the context of symmetric information model and asymmetric information model, we investigate properties of the Pareto-optimal indemnity schedules. For risk neutral reinsurer with proportional cost and associated expense, we present possible forms of the Pareto-optimal indemnity schedule as well.
A Maximal Tail Dependence-Based Clustering Procedure for Financial Time Series and Its Applications in Portfolio Selection
Authors: Liu Xin , Wu Jiang , Yang Chen , Jiang Wenjun
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we propose a clustering procedure of financial time series according to the coefficient of weak lower-tail maximal dependence (WLTMD). Due to the potential asymmetry of the matrix of WLTMD coefficients, the clustering procedure is based on a generalized weighted cuts method instead of the dissimilarity-based methods. The performance of the new clustering procedure is evaluated by simulation studies. Finally, we illustrate that the optimal mean-variance portfolio constructed based on the resulting clusters manages to reduce the risk of simultaneous large losses effectively.
Gradient Projection with Approximate L0 Norm Minimization for Sparse Reconstruction in Compressed Sensing
Authors: Wei Ziran , Zhang Jianlin , Xu Zhiyong , Huang Yongmei , Liu Yong , Fan Xiangsuo
Published: October 2018

In the reconstruction of sparse signals in compressed sensing, the reconstruction algorithm is required to reconstruct the sparsest form of signal. In order to minimize the objective function, minimal norm algorithm and greedy pursuit algorithm are most commonly used. The minimum L1 norm algorithm has very high reconstruction accuracy, but this convex optimization algorithm cannot get the sparsest signal like the minimum L0 norm algorithm. However, because the L0 norm method is a non-convex problem, it is difficult to get the global optimal solution and the amount of calculation required is huge. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to approximate the smooth L0 norm from the approximate L2 norm. First we set up an approximation function model of the sparse term, then the minimum value of the objective function is solved by the gradient projection, and the weight of the function model of the sparse term in the objective function is adjusted adaptively by the reconstruction error value to reconstruct the sparse signal more accurately. Compared with the pseudo inverse of L2 norm and the L1 norm algorithm, this new algorithm has a lower reconstruction error in one-dimensional sparse signal reconstruction. In simulation experiments of two-dimensional image signal reconstruction, the new algorithm has shorter image reconstruction time and higher image reconstruction accuracy compared with the usually used greedy algorithm and the minimum norm algorithm.
Châteaux d'époque Franque en Normandie
Authors: Le Maho Jacques
Published: October 2018

Les fortifications antérieures à l'époque ducale en Normandie sont encore très mal connues. En partant de l'étude des toponymes, des textes et du terrain, quatre sites ont été retenus comme pouvant avoir été le siège de châteaux dès l'époque carolingienne : St-Lô, Quettehou (Manche), Radicale l, Beaubec-l a-Rosière (Sne-Mme), tous quatre situés sur des éminences naturelles et présentant une vaste superficie. Ces caractéristiques évoquent celles de certains castella d'époque franque identifiés en Auvergne et en Rhénanie. Les sites étudiés semblent liés d'assez près à l'épisode des invasions normandes ; ils ont pu aussi servir de résidence ordinaire à certains grands personnages de l'époque carolingienne.
Premiers éléments d'une carte archéologique du Sharq al-Andalus (Espagne orientale à l'époque musulmane)
Authors: Bazzana André
Published: October 2018

L'établissement progressif d'une carte archéologique, par prospection systématique d'une zone d'extension réduite, peut fournir l'état du peuplement médiéval et les grands traits de son évolution. Les travaux archéologiques effectués dans la province de Valence (Espagne), en collaboration avec le Servicio de investigaciones Prehisloricas de Valencia, visent cet objectif, par la prospection et la fouille. Entre Jâtivci et Gandia, l'inventaire des sites médiévaux a été réalisé en rassemblant les informations issues des sources écrites, de la mémoire collective et de la photographie aérienne verticale et oblique, confrontées aux données du terrain. Il s'en dégage un modèle d'organisation du peuplement à l'époque musulmane ; quelques indices montrent l'impact de la Reconquête chrétienne du XIIIe siècle sur le «paysage » médiéval.
Synthesis of cis-hydrindan-2,4-diones bearing an all-carbon quaternary center by a Danheiser annulation
Authors: Saborit Gisela V , Cativiela Carlos , Jiménez Ana I , Bonjoch Josep , Bradshaw Ben
Published: October 2018

A straightforward synthetic entry to functionalized hydrindane compounds based on a rapid assembly of the core nucleus by a Danheiser cycloaddition is reported. Valuable bicyclic building blocks containing the fused five and six-membered carbocyclic ring system can be achieved in only four steps from a simple acyclic β-keto ester.
The ALMA Detection of Extraplanar 13CO in a Ram-pressure-stripped Galaxy and Its Implication
Authors: Lee Bumhyun , Chung Aeree
Published: October 2018

NGC 4522 is a Virgo spiral that is currently undergoing active ram pressure stripping. In previous single-dish observations, 12CO emission was detected outside of the stellar disk, some of which coincides with the extraplanar H i gas and Hα patches. The extraplanar gas identified in multi-wavelength data makes this galaxy an ideal case to study the impact of pressure due to the cluster medium on the interstellar gas of various phases. In this Letter, we present the high-resolution 12CO(1–0) and 13CO(1–0) data of NGC 4522 obtained using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). In particular, we report here the extraplanar 13CO detection that has never before been seen in ram-pressure-stripped galaxies. As the main donor of 13C in the interstellar medium is evolved stars, the presence of 13CO strongly suggests that heavy elements likely originated from the galactic disk, not from the newly formed stars in situ. Even though it is still inconclusive whether it is stripped in atomic form or as molecules, this study provides evidence for the ram pressure stripping of heavy elements, which can chemically enrich the halo gas, and potentially the intracluster medium, in the case that they are pushed strongly enough to escape the galaxy.
De quoi le gouvernement de l’islam en France est-il le nom ?
Authors: Fregosi Franck
Published: October 2018

La domestication de l’islam est la logique générale qui sous-tend le gouvernement public de l’islam dans la France laïque. Il s’agit sous couvert de favoriser une pleine intégration de l’islam dans la société française, aussi bien de contrôler, de réguler et même d’encadrer au besoin par la loi, l’organisation du culte, la visibilité sociale de la pratique publique de cette religion, que la formation des imâms. Ce processus se déploie en une série de dispositifs normatifs, législatifs et règlementaires destinés à contrôler l’expression publique de la dite religion musulmane depuis son observance cultuelle, son extériorisation dans l’espace public en passant par la production d’un islam réputé moderne et politiquement sécurisé. Mais loin de se résumer à un processus du haut vers le bas, des pouvoirs publics, du Ministère de l’Intérieur, ou de l’Assemblée nationale vers les communautés musulmanes via le CFCM et les CRCM, ledit processus transite aussi par des dynamiques d’autodiscipline portées par des opérateurs musulmans eux-mêmes. Celles-ci oscillent entre la volonté de s’ériger en gendarme de la communauté et la recherche sincère d’accommodements entre le respect des fondamentaux de l’islam et les principes républicains.
Au cœur de la résilience algérienne : un jeu calculé d’alliances
Authors: Dris-Ait Hamadouche Louisa
Published: October 2018

La pérennité du système politique algérien trouve ses explications dans le temps long de l’histoire de ce pays et des acteurs qui l’animent. Ces acteurs appartiennent à deux catégories d’inégale importance néanmoins complémentaires, dans le cadre d’alliances à géométrie variable. Les acteurs fondateurs de ce système sont le produit du mouvement national et de la guerre d’indépendance. Ils structurent une alliance complexe, faite de rapports de forces évolutifs entre la présidence et l’institution militaire. Les acteurs consolidateurs se trouvent dans le milieu des affaires, dans le secteur associatif et médiatique. Ils sont devenus indispensables aux gouvernants algériens, qui usent de leur pouvoir discursif et infrastructurel comme mécanisme de résilience.
Évolution de la diversité consommée sur le marché du livre, 2007-2016
Authors: Donnat Olivier
Published: October 2018

Comment les consommations culturelles évoluent-elles sous l’angle de la diversité à l’ère de l’abondance de l’offre ? Dans quelle mesure les données de marché confirment-elles les promesses qui ont accompagné l’essor des technologies numériques ? Valident-elles notamment l’hypothèse de la longue traîne formulée par Chris Anderson au début des années 2000 selon laquelle les marchés de niche sont appelés à se développer et à réduire le niveau global de concentration des ventes ? Ces questions, qui étaient au cœur des travaux publiés par le deps au tournant des années 2010 1 , demeurent plus que jamais d’actualité car les consommations en ligne de contenus dématérialisés mais aussi de biens physiques ont considérablement progressé au cours de la dernière décennie, et la proportion d’acheteurs en ligne dans la population française est passée de 33 % à 60 % entre 2007 et 2016 2 . Aussi a-t-il paru nécessaire de réexaminer la question de l’évolution de la diversité des consommations culturelles en ayant recours à la même source de données (le panel de la société GfK qui recense l’ensemble des achats des consommateurs à partir d’un échantillon représentatif des points de vente) et en mobilisant à nouveau l’approche tridimensionnelle de la diversité développée dans le modèle de Stirling 3 autour des notions de variété, d’équilibre et de disparité. Les principaux résultats du travail mené pour la période 2007-2016 sont réunis dans la présente publication pour le marché du livre, et dans un autre numéro de la collection « Culture études » 4 pour celui de la musique enregistrée.
Qui pleure mes morts avec moi ? Les reliques et les affres de l’histoire coloniale
Authors: Mansouri Malika
Published: October 2018

Une clinique des radicalités dans le champ de la prévention et du traitement des extrémismes violents amène l’auteur de cet article à rencontrer de nombreux adolescents et jeunes adultes vulnérables. Ils établissent des liens entre violences et souffrances, historiques et actuelles, non prises en compte par le collectif. Les violences subies par les générations précédentes, notamment lors de la guerre d’Algérie, à défaut d’être clairement reconnues, subsistent de nos jours dans un sentiment d’abandon, voire une détresse psychique, qui amène les adolescents à s’identifier aux jeunes de leur quartier de banlieue victimes de violences contemporaines, notamment lors d’affrontements avec la police. Au risque de la mort, la rupture radicale semble émerger, pour ces adolescents, comme seul remède au sentiment de désubjectivation contemporaine, en miroir avec les expériences passées de domination et d’exclusion.
Gouverner par juntas . Révision historiographique d’une méthode gouvernementale (monarchie hispanique, seconde moitié du xvi e siècle)
Authors: André Sylvain
Published: October 2018

La multiplication d’organes de gouvernement nouveaux, appelés juntas , est l’un des traits caractéristiques de la deuxième moitié du XVI e  siècle espagnol. Pourtant, loin d’être un objet aujourd’hui amplement compris et connu de l’historiographie, les juntas en seraient plutôt un parent pauvre. À la croisée des études sur les institutions et des recherches menées dans le champ de la prosopographie, cet article se propose de renouveler l’approche de ces outils de gouvernement depuis la perspective de leurs pratiques. À travers un exemple concret, celui de la Junta personnelle de Philippe II, nous essaierons de montrer l’enrichissement que supposa leur émergence sous le règne du second Habsbourg d’Espagne. En étudiant des problématiques telles que la circulation de l’information, son traitement au sein des arcanes du pouvoir à Madrid ainsi que les modalités selon lesquelles la Junta tâchait d’agir sur l’appareil conciliaire de la monarchie hispanique, il s’agira de mettre au jour le dynamisme et la flexibilité d’une technologie du pouvoir. Fondée sur une étude minutieuse des comptes rendus de ladite Junta , notre démonstration tend ainsi à révéler les enjeux sociaux et politiques qu’il y avait à transformer les modalités de décision et d’action à la charnière des XVI e et XVII e  siècles.
Human hemoglobin G-Makassar variant masquerading as sickle cell anemia
Authors: Mohamad Ahmad Sabry , Hamzah Roszymah , Selvaratnam Veena , Yegapan Subramanian , Sathar Jameela
Published: October 2018

Human hemoglobin of G-Makassar variant has been reported very rarely with Beta Thalassemia. In year 1969 Hb GMakassar was first identified in Makassar, Sulawesi (Celebes), Republic of Indonesia. The disease was first published in 1969 and 33 years later it has been reported at a family of Thailand origin. We report a 45-yearold Malay man who was investigated for anemia and thrombocytopenia then diagnosed with Hb G-Makassar. This finding describes as a new Hemoglobin GMakassar discovered in Malaysia after 14 years diagnosed in Thailand.
Streptobacillus moniliformis Mitral Valve Endocarditis and Septic Arthritis: The Challenges of Diagnosing Rat-Bite Fever Endocarditis
Authors: Torres-Miranda Daisy , Moshgriz Madhi , Siegel Marc
Published: October 2018

Streptobacillus moniliformis, the cause of rat-bite fever (RBF) in the United States, has rarely been reported as a cause of infectious endocarditis. In the majority of previously reported cases, the diagnosis was clinically based in patients with underlying valvular abnormalities in the setting of positive blood culture for Streptobacillus moniliformis. We report a case of native valve endocarditis secondary to Streptobacillus moniliformis in a woman with a mitral valve vegetation but negative blood cultures where the diagnosis was established using molecular diagnostics on the valvular tissue.
IMAGE GUIDED NEUROSURGERY: PRESENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Broggi Giovanni , Dones Ivano , Ferroli Paolo , Franzini Angelo , Marchetti Marcello , Marras Carlo
Published: October 2018

The image guided neurosurgery was made possible by the great developments of modern neuroradiology whose origins could be identify in UK on 1974 when Hounsfield invented the computer tomography (CT Scan) and on 1980 Lauterbur developed the first magnetic resonance (MR) allowing the direct visualization of the brain. The term neuronavigation is used to describe the set of computer assisted technologies used by neurosurgeons to guide or “navigate” within the brain. The set of hardware for these purposes is referred to as a “neuronavigator”. Since the beginning the purpose of this technology was to create a mathematical model describing a proposed coordinate system for the space within the skull. This “fiducial spatial coordinate system” is used as a reference to describe the position of specific structures within this arbitrary defined space with high accuracy. Robust computer technologies made possible the real-time quantitative spatial fusion of images of the patient’s brain with the 3D instantaneous position of surgical instruments or probes detected by motion capture technologies guiding the surgeon to selected targets. The experiences and the results obtained by these new approaches at the Istituto Neurologico Besta are illustrated and the expected developments in the near future are discussed.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Pedotti Antonio
Published: October 2018

After the revolutions in information technology, molecular biology and genomics which have taken place in the last few decades, the meeting and convergence of engineering, physical sciences and life sciences is commonly considered a new scientific paradigm that will characterize this century. Advances in computer science, materials, imaging, micro and nanotechnology, computational modelling merged with biomedicine are already providing new devices, tools and processes for diagnosis, therapy, rehabilitation which have deeply transformed medicine. But this new paradigm is not a one-way street: concepts and models derived from biology are also stimulating new finding in different fields of engineering. This interdisciplinary sector has recently played a central role in the interest of researchers and policy makers worldwide and particularly in our region. In this contest the Organising Committee has invited a number of outstanding scientists from Universities, Hospitals and Industries to provide a general frame of common concepts and methods characterising this interdisciplinary field focusing their attention on those research which have strongly impacted on medical practice. The following three topics have been considered to illustrate in a paradigmatic way the relevant outcomes from this research equally interesting for medicine, engineering and technological transfer : the multimodal imaging for diagnosis and treatments, the image guided surgery and radiotherapy and recent achievements in artificial organs and tissue engineering in regenerative medicine.
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE INTEGRATION BETWEEN BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS AND BIOIMAGING
Authors: Cerutti Sergio , Bianchi Anna M. , Rizzo Giovanna
Published: October 2018

In the last few years the tremendous developments in biomedical technologies made available advanced instrumentation and new data processing techniques able to provide new knowledge on morphology and functional features of internal organs by a multiscale approach. Several techniques are currently available for the examination of the brain under normal and pathological conditions. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and x-ray Computed Tomography (CT) supply information about the brain structure. Emission Tomography (PET, SPET) permits the investigation of the functional activity of the brain by measurements of blood flow, metabolism and receptor distribution. The localization of the bio-electric sources of the brain’s electric and magnetic fields at the scalp surface can be achieved by EEG and MEG signal analysis. Correlation of such different information can support the comprehension of the human brain in patho-physiological conditions, since the integration of multimodal information allows us to overcome intrinsic limitations and to enhance the specific potential of each technique. To help forming a correct interpretation of the relation among the different modalities, a unique spatial reference system is defined, into which one must represent images and signals relative to the same subject. Integration of imaging and signal techniques provides an accurate description of cerebral functions with high spatial and temporal resolution, thus representing a powerful probe for brain investigation both in basic and clinical neuroscience.
INFANZIA: MEMORIA E COSTRUZIONE DI UN MITO
Authors: Guercetti Emanuela
Published: October 2018

Se, secondo la definizione di Mircea Eliade, il mito è “una storia inventata per rispondere a una domanda e a un’angoscia”, un’autobiografia è il luogo privilegiato per riordinare le proprie esperienze, dare un senso al percorso della propria vita, definire quei miti di sé di cui l’adulto ha bisogno. Nel caso di Gor’kij l’attitudine a creare miti è stata più volte rilevata dai critici, e nessuno scrittore come lui, forse neppure Tolstoj, fu trasformato in un mito quand’era ancora in vita, talvolta suo malgrado. Come scrive Chodasevič, “Riteneva suo dovere presentarsi all’umanità, alle ‘masse’, con l’immagine e nella posa che da lui quelle masse si aspettavano ed esigevano in cambio del loro affetto.” Possiamo dire che per Gor’kij la scrittura di un’autobiografia rispondeva a molteplici bisogni. Dal punto di vista psicologico, il racconto di sé svolge la funzione terapeutica di curare la sua anima malata, dal punto di vista artistico gli consente di elaborare, mettere a punto il sistema mitopoietico che sta alla base della sua creazione, mentre come personaggio pubblico Gor’kij può precisare e correggere, fornendone per così dire una versione autorizzata, il mito di sé come vagabondo, bosjak, scrittore venuto dal popolo, figlio “amaro” della Russia mnogostradal’naja. Non si può poi ignorare ciò che è stato sempre messo in rilievo dalla critica sovietica, e cioè che l’emigrato politico Maksim Gor’kij, scrivendo Detstvo nel 1912-13 a Capri, si serve delle proprie memorie anche per meditare sulle sorti della Russia, per capire i motivi del fallimento della rivoluzione e individuare motivi di speranza per il futuro dell’«uomo russo». E infine c’è il dialogo a distanza con Tolstoj e i suoi Infanzia, Adolescenza e Giovinezza.Tutto questo insieme di aspettative e tensioni diverse fa di Detstvo uno dei lavori più ricchi e complessi dello scrittore, e la riscoperta dell’opera di Gor’kij che auspicano gli organizzatori di questa giornata di studio potrebbe partire proprio dalla riscoperta della sua trilogia autobiografica, e di Infanzia in primo luogo, che in passato ha conosciuto un grande successo, e che perfino i simbolisti russi di primo Novecento, Blok, Merežkovskij, Zinaida Gippius, Filosofov avevano accolto con attenzione ed entusiasmo.
GOR’KIJ. POLEMICHE SU VILLEGGIANTI
Authors: Malcovati Fausto
Published: October 2018

Dopo il grande successo dei primi due lavori teatrali rappresentati nel 1902 al Teatro dell'Arte, "Na dne" e "Mescane", Gorkij torna al teatro due anni dopo, nel 1904, con un nuovo testo, "Dacniki", scritto per la compagnia di Stanislavskij e Nemirovic ma da loro rifiutato: è la Komissarzevskaja a portarlo in scena, scatenando furiose polemiche. Al centro del lavoro un gruppo di ricchi borghesi e di intellettuali: mentre i personaggi maschili si dimostrano arroganti e volgari, le loro mogli, sorelle, figlie reagiscono, si indignano, manifestano una precisa volontà di uscire dalla meschina esistenza a cui vengono costrette, dominata da avidità, indifferenza, corruzione. Il lavoro viene aspramente criticato dal gruppo riunito intorno a Merezkovskij e Filosofov, che accusano Gor'kij di superficialità e banalità, mentre il pubblico giovane lo sostiene. Gor'kij inizia, con "Dacniki", una serie di lavori dedicati all'intelligencija: nel complesso periodo che ruota intorno alla domenica di sangue e alle prime due Dume, l'intera società russa viene posta di fronte a problemi e responsabilità di straordinaria gravità, a cui gli intellettuali, almeno per Gor'kij, si dimostrano incapaci di dare risposte valide e concrete.
L’EPOPEA DI UN UOMO SENZA QUALITÀ: KLIM SAMGIN
Authors: Klein Erika
Published: October 2018

Nel suo ultimo romanzo fiume, “La vita di Klim Samgin” (1924- 1936) rimasto incompiuto, Gorkij si estranea dalle problematiche del nuovo corso sovietico. Lontano dal realismo socialista sembra piuttosto inserirsi nello spirito del nuovo romanzo europeo (Thomas Mann, Musil), dimostrando di trovarsi perfettamente a suo agio con le rivelazioni dell'inconscio, le teorie dello spazio psicologico, il flusso della coscienza. Grande epopea delle idee, quest’opera testamento guarda a ritroso, ripercorrendo le suggestioni, le passioni, le ossessioni che hanno occupato le menti dell'intelligencija russa nei 40 anni precedenti la rivoluzione d'ottobre. Al centro: un personaggio meschino (storia di un’anima vuota è il sottotitolo del romanzo), bloccato nella sua crescita emotiva da antiche nevrosi irrisolte. E’ un uomo che inventa se stesso, convinto che basti un buon sistema di frasi a fare l'uomo. La forza delle ideologie offre comodo riparo alla pochezza spirituale dell'uomo mediocre che si affaccia alla storia e ritiene di poter continuare a tessere la propria rete di grettezze quotidiane sotto l’imperio e l’ipnosi di formule assolute.
GOR’KIJ E ANDREJ BELYJ
Authors: Nicolescu Tat'jana
Published: October 2018

Questo intervento esamina da un nuovo punto di vista il problema del rapporto tra Belyj e Gor’kij attraverso lo scambio epistolare e i loro giudizi critici delle rispettive opere. Grande attenzione viene dedicata a due importanti momenti: il periodo di “Berlino”, relativo alla collaborazione di Belyj con la rivista “Beseda”, e il periodo della preparazione del Primo Congresso degli Scrittori (1934).
SALUTO DEL PRESIDENTE DELLA VENERANDA FABBRICA DEL DUOMO
Authors: Orombelli Marco
Published: October 2018

Non disponibile.Istituto Lombardo, Milano
LA CATTEDRALE, CUORE RELIGIOSO DELLA CITTA'
Authors: Vismara Paola
Published: October 2018

Riassunto.–Si ripercorrono alcune tappe del ruolo del Duomo di Milano nella storia della città, per grandissime linee. In tale sede, almeno sino alla fine dell’ancien régime, avevano luogo i grandi eventi della vita politica e civile, seppur non senza tensioni. La cattedrale era il cuore della città, in primo luogo il cuore liturgico e pastorale della vita religiosa. Si segnala lo sfarzo delle cerimonie straordinarie che vi si svolgevano, il ruolo della musica e, in particolare, la funzione del luogo e delle sue cerimonie nel contesto dell’azione degli arcivescovi. Seppur in forme diverse rispetto alpassato, alcuni aspetti della ritualità e della centralità del Duomo giungono sino ai nostri giorni.***Abstract.–The article offers an overview of the history of the cathedral of Milanin the context of the city. For a long period - at least until the end of the ancien régime - the Duomo housed the most important events of the city and was often thetheatre of tensions between ecclesiastical and political authorities. The cathedral wasthe heart of the city and the center of pastoral activities and of religious life. Splendid ceremonies, often accompanied by music, took place in the Duomo, highlighting the importance of the bishops in the city. Even thouh in a different way compared to the past, some aspects of the rituality and centrality of the Duomo are stillrelevant today.
LE PRIME DISPUTE TRA ARCHITETTI LOMBARDI E FORESTIERI NEL CANTIERE DEL DUOMO
Authors: Patetta Luciano
Published: October 2018

Riassunto. – Dai Libri Mandatorum (poi trascritti negli Annali della Fabbrica del Duomo, Milano 1877-1885) abbiamo una grande quantità di notizie sui magistri e sugli inzignierii lombardi, francesi e tedeschi chiamati, alla fine del Trecento, da Galeazzo Visconti e dai Deputati cittadini a progettare una cattedrale gotica, degna di quelle europee. Le discussioni e le dispute hanno riguardato la planimetria del Duomo e gli schemi della sua sezione, per una scelta della tradizione locale o di una imitazione delle grandi cattedrali di Francia. Soprattutto con l’arrivo da Parigi dell’architetto Jean Mignot (1400 ca.) si scontrarono due teorie che si fondavano, rispettivamente, una sui principi della geometria e della matematica, l’altra sulle esperienze costruttive delle maestranze con l’uso dei materiali locali. Le polemiche si fondavano su due affermazioni contradditorie, rimaste poi emblematiche: ars sine scientia nihil est e scientia sine arte nihil est.***Abstract. – From the Libri Mandatorum (later on in the Annali della Fabbrica del Duomo, Milan 1877-85) we have a great quantity of news about the magistri of yard and about Lombard, French and German inzignierii, called at the end of Fourteenth Century, by Gian Galeazzo Visconti and by the Delegates of the town to built a gothic cathedral, whorty of whose of Europe. The discussions and the disputations were about the plan of the Duomo and the pattern of his section, for the choise of local tradition or imitation of great French cathedrals. Above all the arrival from Paris of the architect Jean Mignot (approximately 1400) clashed two theories well-grounded, one on principles of the geometry and the mathematic, and the other on the building experience of the workers on the use of local building materials. The controversies founded on two opposite assertions: ars sine scientia nihil est and scientia sine arte nihil est.