bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTROLE POSTURAL E O ENVELHECIMENTO
Authors: Prusch Samuel Klippel , Barbosa Igor Martins , Santos Elisama Josiane Mello dos , Lemos Luiz Fernando Cuozzo
Published: July 2021

Com o envelhecimento, muitos decréscimos acompanham o indivíduo. Do ponto de vista biológico, as alterações celulares causam um declínio geral da homeostase celular, de modo a gerar uma menor capacidade de respostas à estresses fisiológicos, deixando o indivíduo mais susceptível a perturbações intrínsecas e extrínsecas, destacando as mudanças relacionadas ao controle postural, e os cuidados necessários a fim de evitar possíveis quedas na população idosa. Diante disto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar, na literatura científica, as alterações que acometem o sistema de controle postural em função do processo de envelhecimento. Foram utilizadas distintas bases de dados, usando os seguintes descritores: “envelhecimento, “controle postural”, “sistemas sensoriais”. A partir disto, observou-se que para uma melhor manutenção da postura, o sistema nervoso central e os sistemas sensoriais precisam estar atuando da melhor maneira possível, no entanto, estes sistemas também são prejudicados ao longo do tempo.
Social value orientations and public confidence in institutions: A young democracy under the imprint of COVID-19
Authors: Moosa Sheena , Riyaz Aminath , Abdul Raheem Raheema , Musthafa Hawwa Shiuna , Naeem Aishath Zeen
Published: July 2021

Social value orientations (SVOs) of a society determine peoples' behaviour and are critical for young democracies in crises. This paper draws on the Maldives Values in Crisis survey, conducted during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. SVOs assessed using the Schwartz Personal Values Questionnaire shows that Maldivian society weigh slightly towards prosocial. Urban-rural, age, and gender determine the SVOs on the dimension of Openness to change versus Conservation while age and gender determine the SVOs on Self-enhancement versus Self-transcendence dimension. Confidence in the public institutions were moderate and not associated with the SVOs. The moderate level of SVOs and confidence in institutions reflects the democratic landscape of the country. Although prosocial SVOs are favourable for implementing containment measures of the pandemic, without a strong value orientation towards conservation and self-transcendence, and confidence in the institutions, the country faces the risk of non-compliance to measures and escalation of the crisis.
Una oportunidad para reflexionar sobre la libertad del mercado
Authors: Editor El
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 600, 1998: 877-892.
Cultura de la paciencia
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 600, 1998: 974-977.
El IDHUCA en la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: De la UCA Instituto de Derechos Humanos
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 56, No. 637-638, 2001: 1154-1161.
Rechazo a la reconstrucción de la pobreza
Authors: Editor El
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 639-640, 2002: 3-17.
El Salvador
Authors: Salazar Candell Roberto
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 639-640, 2002: 105-113.
Clase media y cambio social
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 639-640, 2002: 114-118.
Cuarto trimestre de 1999. Tercera parte
Authors: Soriano Héctor Salvador
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 639-640, 2002: 141-155.
Informe de la Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Editor El
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 639-640, 2002: 162-167.
La paz traicionada
Authors: Editor El
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 641-642, 2002: 173-188.
Monseñor Romero y George W. Bush: más diferencias que semejanzas
Authors: González Luis Armando , Alvarenga Luis
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 641-642, 2002: 312-317.
Enero-febrero
Authors: Editor El
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 58, No. 651-652, 2003: 125-137.
El desafuero de Alemán, una victoria parcial
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 58, No. 651-652, 2003: 121-124.
El mártir testigo del amor
Authors: González Faus José Ignacio
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 19, No. 55, 2002: 33-46.
Recensiones, No. 55
Authors: Latinoamericana de Teología Revista
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 19, No. 55, 2002: 83-91.
Jon Sobrino y la nube de testigos
Authors: Lucchetti Bingemer María Clara
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 35, No. 105, 2018: 203-212.
Computational studies on the identification and analyses of p53 cancer associated mutations
Authors:   , Cele Nosipho Magnificat
Published: July 2021

P53 is a tumour suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in most human cancer cells. Mutations in the p53 genes result in the expression of mutant proteins which accumulate to high levels in tumour cells. Several studies have shown that majority of the mutations are concentrated in the DNA-binding domain where they destabilize its conformation and eliminate the sequence- specific DNA-binding to abolish p53 transcription activities. Accordingly, this study involved an investigation of the effects of mutations associated with cancer, based on the framework of sequences and structures of p53 DNA-binding domains, analysed by SIFT, Pmut, I-mutant, MuStab, CUPSAT, EASY-MM and SDM servers. These analyses suggest that 156 mutations may be associated with cancer, and may result in protein malfunction, including the experimentally validated mutations. Thereafter, 54 mutations were further classified as disease- causing mutations and probably have a significant impact on the stability of the structure. The detailed stability analyses revealed that Val143Asp, Ala159Pro, Val197Pro, Tyr234Pro, Cys238Pro, Gly262Pro and Cys275Pro mutations caused the highest destabilization of the structure thus leading to malfunctioning of the protein. Additionally, the structural and functional consequences of the resulting highly destabilizing mutations were explored further using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular docking results revealed that the p53 DNA-binding domain loses its stability and abrogates the specific DNA-binding as shown by a decrease in binding affinity characterized by the ZRANK scores. This result was confirmed by the residues Val143Asp, Ala159Pro, Val197Pro, Tyr234Pro and Cys238Pro p53-DNA mutant complexes inducing the loss of important hydrogen bonds, and introduced non-native hydrogen bonds between the two biomolecules. Furthermore, Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the experimental mutant forms showed that the structures of the p53 DNA-binding domains were more rigid comparing to the wild-type structure. The MD trajectories of Val134Ala, Arg213Gly and Gly245Ser DNA-binding domain mutants clearly revealed a loss of the flexibility and stability by the structures. This might affect the structural conformation and interfere with the interaction to DNA. Understanding the effects of mutations associated with cancer at a molecular level will be helpful in designing new therapeutics for cancer diseases.
VARIABILITY AND TRAIT RELATION BETWEEN YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS IN FRENCH BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)
Authors: Shah K.N. , Rana D.K , Singh V.
Published: July 2021

Seventeen genotypes of French bean were evaluated to study the genetic variability component and correlation. The research was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre, Chauras Campus, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand (India) during zaid season, 2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation values were high for fresh weight of nodules & dry weight of nodules per plant, number of pods per plant, pod diameter, yield of green pods per plant, per plot & per hectare and number of picking. The high heritability was found for almost all the traits studied. The yield of green pods per plot had significant positive association both at genotypic and phenotypic levels for number of pods per plant, pod weight, pod length, pod diameter, yield of green pods per plant, number of picking and yield of green pod per hectare. The selection of high yielding genotypes should be given emphasis to number of pod per plant, pod weight, pod length, pod diameter and number of pickings.
Prague is Not Czech: Artistic Project as a Public Service
Authors: Bulandrová Amálie , Chrtková Anna , Dudková Andrea
Published: July 2021

The presented text focuses on the particular artistic practice employed during the realisation of the project Prague is not Czech, which was established as a collective exhibition within the Prague Quadrennial of Performance Design and Space 2019 (henceforth PQ). The authors of this project, who are gathered within the team Intelektrurálně, decided to carry on with the Prague is not Czech travel agency and to transform it into a systematic socio- artistic research, which uses selected strategies of non-Prague reality as a ready-made and fills them with its own content. Since its very beginning, the project has been based on a concept of radical cooperation. Therefore, a collaborative approach towards creation represents the primary subject that is being reflected within this text (and which is itself a product of the cooperation of several people).
Thus, the gist of the presented paper is to introduce initial artistic approaches and fundamental strategies of the project. The following text, therefore, consists of a manifesto written by the initiators of the project and broader theoretical reflection. In the first section, entitled What we do, the authors describe the various forms of the presented project, conditions of its creation and its development. The text is then divided into four parts – according to the project’s essential aspects: Czechness, Participation, Scenography and Experience.
Measurement report: Long-emission-wavelength chromophores dominate the light absorption of brown carbon in aerosols over Bangkok: impact from biomass burning
Authors: Tang Jiao , Wang Jiaqi , Zhong Guangcai , Jiang Hongxing , Mo Yangzhi , Zhang Bolong , Geng Xiaofei , Chen Yingjun , Tang Jianhui , Tian Congguo , Bualert Surat , Li Jun , Zhang Gan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Chromophores represent an important portion of light-absorbing
species, i.e., brown carbon. Yet knowledge of what and how chromophores
contribute to aerosol light absorption is still sparse. To address this
problem, we examined soluble independent chromophores in a set of year-round
aerosol samples from Bangkok. The water-soluble fluorescent chromophores
identified via excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy and follow-up
parallel factor analysis could be mainly assigned as humic-like substances
and protein-like substances, which differed in their EEM pattern from that
of the methanol-soluble fraction. The emission wavelength of fluorescent
chromophores in environmental samples tended to increase compared with that
of the primary combustion emission, which could be attributed to secondary
formation or the aging process. Fluorescent indices inferred that these
light-absorbing chromophores were not significantly humified and comprised a
mixture of organic matter of terrestrial and microbial origin, which
exhibited a different characteristic from primary biomass burning and coal-combustion results. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that
larger fluorescent chromophores that were oxygen-rich and highly aromatic
with high molecular weights were the key contributors of light absorption,
preferably at longer emission wavelengths
(λmax⁡ > 500 nm). Positive matrix factorization analysis further suggested that up to
50 % of these responsible chromophores originated from biomass burning
emissions.
Carbon sources of benthic fauna in temperate lakes across multiple trophic states
Authors: Fiskal Annika , Anthamatten Eva , Deng Longhui , Han Xingguo , Lagostina Lorenzo , Michel Anja , Zhu Rong , Dubois Nathalie , Schubert Carsten J. , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Lever Mark A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that microbially produced
methane can be a dominant carbon source of lacustrine sedimentary macrofauna
in eutrophic lakes, most likely through grazing on methane-oxidizing
bacteria. Here we investigate the contributions of different carbon sources
to macrofaunal biomass across five lakes in central Switzerland that range
from oligotrophic to highly eutrophic. Macrofaunal communities change with
trophic state, with chironomid larvae dominating oligotrophic and tubificid
oligochaetes dominating eutrophic lake sediments. The 13C-isotopic data suggest that the average contribution of methane-derived carbon to the
biomass of both macrofaunal groups is similar but consistently remains
minor, ranging from only ∼1 % in the oligotrophic lake to
at most 12 % in the eutrophic lakes. The remaining biomass can be
explained by the assimilation of detritus-derived organic carbon. Low
abundances of methane-cycling microorganisms in macrofaunal specimens,
burrows, and surrounding sediment based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene
sequences and copy numbers of genes involved in anaerobic and aerobic
methane cycling (mcrA, pmoA) support the interpretation of isotopic data. Notably,
16S rRNA gene sequences of macrofauna, including macrofaunal guts, are
highly divergent from those in tubes or sediments. Many macrofaunal
specimens are dominated by a single 16S rRNA phylotype of Fusobacteria, α-, β-, γ-, or ε-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, or Parcubacteria. This raises the question of whether dominant
lake macrofauna live in so far uncharacterized relationships with detrital
organic-matter-degrading bacterial endosymbionts.
Incorporating the stable carbon isotope 13C in the ocean biogeochemical component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model
Authors: Liu Bo , Six Katharina D. , Ilyina Tatiana
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) is an important variable to study the ocean carbon cycle across different timescales.
We include a new representation of the stable carbon isotope 13C into the HAMburg Ocean Carbon Cycle model (HAMOCC), the ocean biogeochemical component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM).
13C is explicitly resolved for all oceanic carbon pools considered. We account for fractionation during air–sea gas exchange and for biological fractionation ϵp associated with photosynthetic carbon fixation during phytoplankton growth.
We examine two ϵp parameterisations of different complexity: ϵpPopp varies with surface dissolved CO2 concentration (Popp et al., 1989), while ϵpLaws additionally depends on local phytoplankton growth rates (Laws et al., 1995).
When compared to observations of δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), both parameterisations yield similar performance. However, with regard to δ13C in particulate organic carbon (POC) ϵpPopp shows a considerably improved performance compared to ϵpLaws. This is because ϵpLaws produces too strong a preference for 12C, resulting in δ13CPOC that is too low in our model.
The model also well reproduces the global oceanic anthropogenic CO2 sink and the oceanic 13C Suess effect, i.e. the intrusion and distribution of the isotopically light anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean. The satisfactory model performance of the present-day oceanic δ13C distribution using ϵpPopp and of the anthropogenic CO2 uptake allows us to further investigate the potential sources of uncertainty of the Eide et al. (2017a) approach for estimating the oceanic 13C Suess effect.
Eide et al. (2017a) derived the first global oceanic 13C Suess effect estimate based on observations. They have noted a potential underestimation, but their approach does not provide any insight about the cause.
By applying the Eide et al. (2017a) approach to the model data we are able to investigate in detail potential sources of underestimation of the 13C Suess effect.
Based on our model we find underestimations of the 13C Suess effect at 200 m by 0.24 ‰ in the Indian Ocean, 0.21 ‰ in the North Pacific, 0.26 ‰ in the South Pacific, 0.1 ‰ in the North Atlantic and 0.14 ‰ in the South Atlantic.
We attribute the major sources of underestimation to two assumptions in the Eide et al. (2017a) approach: the spatially uniform preformed component of δ13CDIC in year 1940 and the neglect of processes that are not directly linked to the oceanic uptake and transport of chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC-12) such as the decrease in δ13CPOC over the industrial period. The new 13C module in the ocean biogeochemical component of MPI-ESM shows satisfying performance. It is a useful tool to study the ocean carbon sink under the anthropogenic influences, and it will be applied to investigating variations of ocean carbon cycle in the past.
Ice nucleation by viruses and their potential for cloud glaciation
Authors: Adams Michael P. , Atanasova Nina S. , Sofieva Svetlana , Ravantti Janne , Heikkinen Aino , Brasseur Zoé , Duplissy Jonathan , Bamford Dennis H. , Murray Benjamin J.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In order to effectively predict the formation of ice in
clouds we need to know which subsets of aerosol particles are effective at
nucleating ice, how they are distributed and where they are from. A large proportion of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in many locations are likely
of biological origin, and some INPs are extremely small, being just tens of
nanometres in size. The identity and sources of such INPs are not well
characterized. Here, we show that several different types of virus particles
can nucleate ice, with up to about 1 in 20 million virus particles
able to nucleate ice at −20 ∘C. In terms of the impact on cloud
glaciation, the ice-nucleating ability (the fraction which are
ice nucleation active as a function of temperature) taken together with
typical virus particle concentrations in the atmosphere leads to the
conclusion that virus particles make a minor contribution to the atmospheric
ice-nucleating particle population in the terrestrial-influenced atmosphere.
However, they cannot be ruled out as being important in the remote marine
atmosphere. It is striking that virus particles have an ice-nucleating
activity, and further work should be done to explore other types of viruses
for both their ice-nucleating potential and to understand the mechanism by
which viruses nucleate ice.
Holocene sea level and environmental change at the southern Cape – an 8.5 kyr multi-proxy paleoclimate record from Lake Voëlvlei, South Africa
Authors: Strobel Paul , Bliedtner Marcel , Carr Andrew S. , Frenzel Peter , Klaes Björn , Salazar Gary , Struck Julian , Szidat Sönke , Zech Roland , Haberzettl Torsten
Published: July 2021

Abstract. South Africa is a key region to reconstruct and understand past changes in
atmospheric circulation, i.e. temperate westerlies and tropical easterlies.
However, due to the scarcity of natural archives, South Africa's
environmental evolution during the late Quaternary remains highly debated.
Many available sediment archives are peri-coastal lakes and wetlands;
however, the paleoenvironmental signals in these archives are often
overprinted by sea-level changes during the Holocene. This study presents a
new record from the coastal wetland Voëlvlei, which is situated in the
year-round rainfall zone of South Africa on the southern Cape coast. It
presents an ideal sedimentary archive to investigate both sea level and
environmental changes. A 13 m long sediment core was retrieved and analysed using a multi-proxy approach. The chronology reveals a basal age of 8440 +200/-250 cal BP. Paleoecological and elemental analyses
indicate marine incursions from ca. 8440 to ca. 7000 cal BP with a salinity optimum occurring at 7090 +170/-200 cal BP. At
ca. 6000 cal BP, the basin of Voëlvlei was in-filled with sediment resulting in an intermittent (sporadically desiccated) freshwater lake similar to present. In contrast to previous investigations which used indirect proxies for
hydrological reconstructions, here we apply a combined
biomarker–sedimentological approach that allows the potential identification of precipitation sources, in combination with relative estimates of moisture availability. Increasing moisture is observed throughout the record starting from 8440 +200/-250 cal BP with contributions from both westerlies and easterlies from ca. 8440 to ca. 7070 cal BP. Westerly-derived rainfall dominates from ca. 7070 to ca. 6420 cal BP followed by a distinct shift to an easterly dominance at ca. 6420 cal BP. An overall trend to westerly dominance lasting until ca. 2060 cal BP is followed by a trend towards an easterly dominance to the present, but both phases show several intense, short-term variations. These variations are also evident in other regional studies, highlighting that the source and seasonality of precipitation has varied distinctly on the southern Cape during the Holocene. Comparison of the Voëlvlei record with other regional studies suggests a coherent trend in the overall moisture evolution along the southern Cape coast during the past 8500 years.
Abrupt climate change as a rate-dependent cascading tipping point
Authors: Lohmann Johannes , Castellana Daniele , Ditlevsen Peter D. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We propose a conceptual model comprising a cascade of tipping points as a
mechanism for past abrupt climate changes. In the model, changes in a control parameter, which could for instance be related to changes in the atmospheric circulation, induce sequential tipping of sea ice cover and the ocean's meridional overturning circulation. The ocean component, represented by the well-known Stommel box model, is shown to display so-called rate-induced tipping. Here, an abrupt resurgence of the overturning circulation is induced before a bifurcation point is reached due to the fast rate of change of the sea ice. Because of the multi-scale nature of the climate system, this type of tipping cascade may also be a risk concerning future global warming. The relatively short timescales involved make it challenging to detect these tipping points from observations. However, with our conceptual model we find that there can be a significant delay in the tipping because the system is attracted by the stable manifold of a saddle during the rate-induced transition before escaping towards the undesired state. This opens up the possibility for an early warning of the impending abrupt transition via detection of the changing linear stability in the vicinity of the saddle. To do so, we propose estimating the Jacobian from the noisy time series. This is shown to be a useful generic precursor to detect rate-induced tipping.
The Direction of Erosion
Authors: Stark Colin Peter , Stark Gavin John
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The rate of erosion of a geomorphic surface depends on its local gradient and on the material fluxes over it. Since both quantities are functions of the shape of the catchment surface, this dependence constitutes a mathematical straitjacket, in the sense that – subject to simplifying assumptions about the erosion process, and absent variations in external forcing and erodibility – the rate of change of surface geometry is solely a function of surface geometry. Here we demonstrate how to use this geometric self-constraint to convert an erosion model into its equivalent Hamiltonian, and explore the implications of having a Hamiltonian description of the erosion process. To achieve this conversion, we recognize that the rate of erosion defines the velocity of surface motion in its orthogonal direction, and we express this rate in its reciprocal form as the surface-normal slowness. By rewriting surface tilt in terms of normal slowness components, and by deploying a substitution developed in geometric mechanics, we extract what is known as the fundamental metric function of the model phase space; its square is the Hamiltonian. Such a Hamiltonian provides several new ways of solving for the evolution of an erosion surface: here we use it to derive Hamilton's ray tracing equations, which describe both the velocity of a surface point and the rate of change of the surface-normal slowness at that point. In this context, erosion involves two distinct directions: (i) the surface-normal direction, which points subvertically downwards, and (ii) the erosion ray direction, which points upstream at a generally small angle to horizontal with a sign controlled by the scaling of erosion with slope. If the model erosion rate scales faster than linearly with gradient, the rays point obliquely upwards; but if erosion scales sublinearly with gradient, the rays point obliquely downwards. Analysis of the Hamiltonian shows that these rays carry boundary-condition information upstream, and that they are geodesics, meaning that erosion takes the path of least erosion time. This constitutes a definition of the variational principle governing landscape evolution. In contrast with previous studies of network self-organization, neither energy nor energy dissipation is invoked in this variational principle, only geometry.
The impact and resolution of the GPS week number rollover of April 2019 on autonomous geophysical instrument platforms
Authors: Coyle Shane , Clauer C. Robert , Hartinger Michael D. , Xu Zhonghua , Peng Yuxiang
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Instrument platforms the world over often rely on GPS or similar satellite constellations for accurate timekeeping and synchronization. This reliance can create problems when the timekeeping counter aboard a satellite overflows and begins a new epoch. Due to the rarity of these events (19.6 years for GPS), software designers may be unaware of such circumstance or may choose to ignore it for development complexity considerations. Although it is impossible to predict every fault that may occur in a complicated system, there are a few “best practices” that can allow for graceful fault recovery and restorative action. These guiding principles are especially pertinent for instrument platforms operating in space or in remote locations like Antarctica, where restorative maintenance is both difficult and expensive. In this work, we describe how these principles apply to a communications failure on autonomous adaptive low-power instrument platforms (AAL-PIP) deployed in Antarctica. In particular, we describe how code execution patterns were subtly altered after the GPS week number rollover of April 2019, how this led to Iridium satellite communications and data collection failures, and how communications and data collection were ultimately restored. Finally, we offer some core tenets of instrument platform design as guidance for future development.
APFoam 1.0: integrated computational fluid dynamics simulation of O3–NOx–volatile organic compound chemistry and pollutant dispersion in a typical street canyon
Authors: Wu Luolin , Hang Jian , Wang Xuemei , Shao Min , Gong Cheng
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Urban air quality issues are closely related to human
health and economic development. In order to investigate street-scale
flow and air quality, this study developed the atmospheric photolysis
calculation framework (APFoam 1.0), an open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on
OpenFOAM, which can be used to examine microscale reactive pollutant
formation and dispersion in an urban area. The chemistry module of
APFoam has been modified by adding five new types of reactions, which can
implement the atmospheric photochemical mechanism (full
O3–NOx–volatile organic compound chemistry) coupled with a CFD model. Additionally,
the model, including the photochemical mechanism (CS07A), air flow, and pollutant
dispersion, has been validated and shows good agreement with SAPRC
modeling and wind tunnel experimental data, indicating that APFoam has
sufficient ability to study urban turbulence and pollutant dispersion
characteristics. By applying APFoam, O3–NOx–volatile organic compound (VOC) formation
processes and dispersion of the reactive pollutants were analyzed in an
example of a typical street canyon (aspect ratio H/W=1). The comparison of
chemistry mechanisms shows that O3 and NO2 are underestimated, while
NO is overestimated if the VOC reactions are not considered in the
simulation. Moreover, model sensitivity cases reveal that 82 %–98 % and
75 %–90 % of NO and NO2, respectively, are related to the local vehicle emissions,
which is verified as the dominant contributor to local reactive pollutant
concentration in contrast to background conditions. In addition, a large amount of NOx emissions, especially NO, is beneficial
to the reduction of O3 concentrations since NO consumes O3.
Background precursors (NOx/VOCs) from boundary conditions only contribute
2 %–16 % and 12 %–24 % of NO and NO2 concentrations and
raise O3 concentrations by 5 %–9 %. Weaker ventilation conditions
could lead to the accumulation of NOx and consequently a higher
NOx concentration but lower O3 concentration due to the
stronger NO titration effect, which would consume O3. Furthermore, in
order to reduce the reactive pollutant concentrations under the odd–even
license plate policy (reduce 50 % of the total vehicle emissions), vehicle
VOC emissions should be reduced by at least another 30 % to effectively
lower O3, NO, and NO2 concentrations at the same time. These
results indicate that the examination of the precursors (NOx and VOCs) from
both traffic emissions and background boundaries is the key point for
understanding O3–NOx–VOCs chemistry mechanisms better in street canyons
and providing effective guidelines for the control of local street air
pollution.
Acoustic velocity measurements for detecting the crystal orientation fabrics of a temperate ice core
Authors: Hellmann Sebastian , Grab Melchior , Kerch Johanna , Löwe Henning , Bauder Andreas , Weikusat Ilka , Maurer Hansruedi
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The crystal orientation fabric (COF) in ice cores provides detailed information, such as grain size and distribution and the orientation of the crystals in relation to the large-scale glacier flow.
These data are relevant for a profound understanding of the dynamics and deformation history of glaciers and ice sheets.
The intrinsic, mechanical anisotropy of the ice crystals causes an anisotropy of the polycrystalline ice of glaciers and affects the velocity of acoustic waves propagating through the ice.
Here, we employ such acoustic waves to obtain the seismic anisotropy of ice core samples and compare the results with calculated acoustic velocities derived from COF analyses.
These samples originate from an ice core from Rhonegletscher (Rhone Glacier), a temperate glacier in the Swiss Alps.
Point-contact transducers transmit ultrasonic P waves with a dominant frequency of 1 MHz into the ice core samples and measure variations in the travel times of these waves for a set of azimuthal angles.
In addition, the elasticity tensor is obtained from laboratory-measured COF, and we calculate the associated seismic velocities.
We compare these COF-derived velocity profiles with the measured ultrasonic profiles.
Especially in the presence of large ice grains, these two methods show significantly different velocities since the ultrasonic measurements examine a limited volume of the ice core, whereas the COF-derived velocities are integrated over larger parts of the core.
This discrepancy between the ultrasonic and COF-derived profiles decreases with an increasing number of grains that are available within the sampling volume, and both methods provide consistent results in the presence of a similar amount of grains.
We also explore the limitations of ultrasonic measurements and provide suggestions for improving their results.
These ultrasonic measurements could be employed continuously along the ice cores.
They are suitable to support the COF analyses by bridging the gaps between discrete measurements since these ultrasonic measurements can be acquired within minutes and do not require an extensive preparation of ice samples when using point-contact transducers.
WRF-simulated low-level jets over Iowa: characterization and sensitivity studies
Authors: Aird Jeanie A. , Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Shepherd Tristan J. , Pryor Sara C.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Output from 6 months of high-resolution simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are analyzed to characterize local low-level jets (LLJs) over Iowa for winter and spring in the contemporary climate. Low-level jets affect rotor plane aerodynamic loading, turbine structural loading and turbine performance, and thus accurate characterization and identification are pertinent. Analyses using a detection algorithm wherein the wind speed above and below the jet maximum must be below 80 % of the jet wind speed within a vertical window of
approximately 20–530 m a.g.l. (above ground level) indicate the presence of an LLJ in at least one of the 14 700 4 km×4 km grid cells over Iowa on 98 % of nights. Nocturnal LLJs are most frequently associated with stable stratification and low turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and hence are more frequent during the winter months. The spatiotemporal mean LLJ maximum (jet core) wind speed is 9.55 m s−1, and the mean height is 182 m. Locations of high LLJ frequency and duration across the state are seasonally varying, with a mean duration of 3.5 h. The highest frequency occurs in the topographically complex northwest of the state in winter and in the flatter northeast of the state in spring. Sensitivity of LLJ characteristics to the (i) LLJ definition and (ii) vertical resolution at which the WRF output is sampled is examined. LLJ definitions commonly used in the literature are considered in the first sensitivity analysis. These sensitivity analyses indicate that LLJ characteristics are highly variable with definition. Use of different definitions identifies both different frequencies of LLJs and different LLJ events. Further, when the model output is down-sampled to lower vertical resolution, the mean jet core wind speed height decreases, but spatial distributions of regions of high frequency and duration are conserved. Implementation of a polynomial interpolation to extrapolate down-sampled output to full-resolution results in reduced sensitivity of LLJ characteristics to down-sampling.
O IPTU VERDE DE SALVADOR NA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS
Authors:   Faculdade Baiana de Direito e Gestão, Abbehusen Anna Clara , Alves de Jesus Mariana ,   Faculdade Baiana de Direito e Gestão
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho nasce da importância temática dos resíduos sólidos enquanto principal problemática urbana vinculada ao uso dos imóveis. A gestão destes resíduos é desafiadora em todo o âmbito nacional, e em Salvador enquanto quarta cidade mais populosa do país. (IGBE, 2018) A análise do Decreto que institui o IPTU Verde se revela fundamental para a compreensão de sua influência na gestão dos resíduos, a potencialidade do seu impacto assim como a efetividade de sua sustentabilidade, uma vez que se pretende através do instrumento normativo incentivar o comportamento do contribuinte. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, visitando documentos legislativos e doutrinários não só do Direito como também das Ciências Comportamentais. Este estudo pretende elucidar os obstáculos para implementação de uma política efetivamente ampla e sustentável no que tange a gestão dos resíduos sólidos, além de propor alternativas de aprimoramento do instrumento legislativo.
O PRINCÍPIO DA EQUIDADE INTERGERACIONAL NA LOGÍSTICA REVERSA DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS
Authors:   Universidade Católica do Salvador, Rose Freeman Heather
Published: July 2021

O que os vivos devem aos que os seguem? É uma pergunta sem sentido para alguns e sem resposta para outros, mas tentadora em sua persistência, especialmente entre ambientalistas. Devido à crescente preocupação com a deterioração das condições ambientais, sistemas ao redor do mundo têm reconhecido cada vez mais os interesses de futuras gerações e as responsabilidades correspondentes das gerações presentes. Em reconhecimento aos vínculos intrínsecos entre mudança climática e direitos humanos, muitos argumentaram que os direitos humanos devem desempenhar um papel de liderança na orientação das respostas do Estado às mudanças climáticas. Um grupo cujos direitos humanos serão inevitavelmente afetados pela ação (ou inação) climática hoje são os membros das gerações futuras. No entanto, apesar de sua vulnerabilidade particular, as gerações futuras até agora passam despercebidas em grande parte nas análises de direitos humanos.
SPECIFICITY OF INVESTIGATION OF SLAVERY ON THE INTERNET
Authors: Dolzhenko N.I. , Voshkina Yulia Gennadievna
Published: July 2021

Within the framework of the presented article, some problematic aspects of the investigation of libel on the Internet are analyzed. The author critically analyzes the most problematic issues and proposes effective ways to overcome them.
Comparative analysis of editorial pages of Dawn and Jang to investigate the framing of US-Pakistan relations: Ten years before and after 9/11
Authors: Darakshan Maha e , Shamsuddin Muhammad , Maqbool Hafsa
Published: July 2021

This study is based on the comparative analysis of the editorial pages of Dawn and Jang to explore the framing of US-Pakistan relations ten years before and after 9/11. The time period selected for this study is presented in phases: Phase A  from 1990 to 2000) and Phase B (from 2001-2011). The relation between Pakistan and the US during the above-mentioned phases can be categorized into periods of engagements (where Pakistan enjoyed the status of the most trusted ally without compromising its regional interest) and periods of disengagements (where Pakistan faced  US sanctions and was left alone to deal with the aftermath of the Afghan war and the war on terrorism). Hence, the understudied period provides an interesting insight into how Dawn and Jang framed the issue of US-Pakistan relations on their editorial pages.
Nexus of Gold Price-Exchange rate-interest rate-Oil Price: Lessons for Monetary Policy in Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Zahid , Muhammad Akbar  , Amjad Warda
Published: July 2021

This study aims to evaluate the links among gold price, oil price, exchange rate and interest rate in Pakistan. All these channels are interconnected and have impact on monetary policy of the country. Monthly data ranging from 1995-01 to 2016-12 is used for the analysis based on VAR Model. Exchange rate depreciations are responded by tight monetary policy actions, which seem to have a significant effect on exchange rate stabilization process and raise gold price. Changes in oil prices at global level strongly affect the nexus in Pakistan. Monetary policy managers are suggested to take changes in gold prices as indicators of short-run fluctuations in Pakistan economy. The study contributes in two ways. Firstly, as a case study of Pakistan, it analyzes the role of gold market in response to changes in exchange rate and world oil prices. Secondly, the study links up monetary policy decisions to the nexus of gold price-oil price-exchange rate. Findings of the study may be useful for monetary policy makers, academia, and gold industry alike.
A SUSPENSÃO NACIONAL DOS PROCESSOS DETERMINADA NO INCIDENTE DE RESOLUÇÃO DE DEMANDAS REPETITIVAS: COMENTÁRIOS AO TEMA/SIRDR 4 DO SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA
Authors: Colnago Rodrigues Daniel , Rodrigues de Mello Felipe Augusto
Published: July 2021

O CPC/15 trouxe alterações substanciais no que diz respeito à sistematização e efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Sob esse enfoque, o propósito do presente artigo esteve entrelaçado ao estudo do incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas, na literatura e na técnica processual brasileira. Constituiu objeto específico de análise o art. 982, §3º, do Código de Processo Civil, cujo comando possibilita a suspensão nacional dos processos em tramitação, que se relacionem com a questão de direito tratada em um incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas já instaurado e admitido. Nessa perspectiva, além de aportes doutrinários, foi valiosa, como fonte de pesquisa, a primeira decisão em que o Superior Tribunal de Justiça reconheceu a admissibilidade da suspensão nacional, propiciando uma abordagem prática, pautada na observação empírica da atividade judicial daquela Corte.
Arbitragem Expedita na perspectiva doméstica e internacional
Authors: Brantes Ferreira Daniel , Oliveira de Farias Bianca
Published: July 2021

O presente escrito tem como foco analisar o crescimento, aplicação e eficiência da arbitragem expedita no Brasil e no mundo. Com este objetivo geral analisaremos em um primeiro momento o histórico e o status da arbitragem expedita para em seguida discorrermos sobre suas características e realizar uma análise aprofundada das principais regras de arbitragem expedita de provedores nacionais e internacionais de ADR. Discutiremos também, sob um viés comparativo com a arbitragem ordinária, a real eficiência do procedimento expedito em termos de custo e tempo através da análise de dados de três instituições: CCI, SCC e HKIAC. Por fim, traremos algumas alternativas viáveis ao procedimento sumário bem como concluiremos com as melhores práticas observadas para o procedimento simplificado.
Importance of Communication in Succession Planning – A Critical Analysis of an Australian City Council
Authors: Singh Prashant , Kataria Pushpa
Published: July 2021

Australia’s demographics are going through structural and cultural impediments, and massive changes are starting to occur in the following five years. The baby boomers’ generation is in the process of retiring. The major task which consumes most of the time was to extract knowledge from the baby boomers. Moreover, it involves identifying and evaluating knowledge from critical employees and will leave the establishment sooner. Succession planning mostly involves employees, which are about to depart the organization in the short term, and new skilled employees will engage in the function. Effective succession planning requires affirmative responses regarding the department’s organizational culture, functionality, goals and objectives, and relationship with the stakeholders and vision. To deliver high-quality succession planning, it is indispensable to deliver a robust Successor-Incumbent relationship, mutual reliance, open and sincere communication. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the strategic plan for succession planning and explains how critical it is to have clear, trustable, and authentic communication between the successor and the Incumbent.
Validating the TAM model in Haryana state of India: During COVID-19
Authors: Goyal komal , Nigam Ashutosh , Goyal Neha , Goyal Manisha
Published: July 2021

Purpose -Response to the sudden pandemic, COVID-19 drastic shift of work practices requires the implementation of an e-learning system, but their adoption requires a thorough understanding of the user acceptance process. Our key effort is to incorporate a framework, “internet experience” to determine the existing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) applicability in describing students’ s e-learning decisions in Haryana state.

Design/methodology- The researcher has administered a questionnaire based on TAM’s constructs and collected data from UG and PG students of Haryana state of India.

Findings – The results revealed that perceived usefulness (PU) has a significant positive relationship with continuous usage intention (CUI) whilst, perceived ease of use (PEOU), computer self-efficacy (CSE) and internet experience (IE) have not. Attitude towards E-learning system (ATELS) has found no relevance in this model.

Originality/value Majority research has been done using the TAM model in a developed nation. Empirical study has not been done in Haryana state so far.
Recommender systems: Are users taking the recommendations seriously?
Authors: R. DEEPAK , Korishettar Aishwarya
Published: July 2021

In recent years, we have observed substantial choices provided to consumers due to the rise of e-commerce. The products and the product-related suggestions provided by the various recommender systems have been found to be noteworthy given the enormous data available and information overload. The customers are not worried about the complexity of these algorithms but want the automated process to recommend product-related items of their choices. The study is an attempt to understand whether customers make purchase decisions online using the suggestions recommended across various product lines. For the study, responses of the customers were collected using a structured questionnaire and results were analysed to examine if respondents of different demographic characteristics make purchase related decisions based on the suggestions by recommendation systems.
ADVANTAGES AND DISAD GES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE HO GES OF THE HOTEL INDUSTR TEL INDUSTRY IN HAINAN ISLAND (CHINA)
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Liu Сhen , Vasilievna Ivlieva Olga , Ma Jia ,   Southern Federal University, Uralovna Tadjieva Sayora ,   Bukhara State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: July 2021

Introduction. A country located in Central and East Asia. It is one of the most populous and largest countries in the world. To the east, the Pacific Ocean is bordered by the Yellow, Shanghai China and South China Seas. The area is 9.6 million. km². Population 1 billion. 394 mln. person The capital city - Beijing is administratively divided into 23 provinces (including Chinese Taipei), 5 autonomous regions and 4 cities subordinate to the center (Beijing, Shanghai, Tenzin, Chunxin). Hainan is the smallest and southern province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. The Hainan Island, the largest and most populous island under the PRC administration, makes up the majority (97 %) of the province.
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY IN ADVERTISING TEXT
Authors:   Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Gafurov Bakhtiyor
Published: July 2021

Background. The article is dedicated to advertising text, which widely uses medical terminology. Advertising text, in which medical vocabulary is widely used, has its own specific character. The content of pharmaceutical advertising texts is enriched with a wide range of medical terminology and helps the consumer to know what is for what or what is for what. Undoubtedly, the text of advertising for pharmaceutical products can serve as a widespread dissemination of the advertised drug among the population. Taking into account the demand, interests, sometimes the individual desire of consumers, the text of the advertisement is drawn up, referring to the linguistic, linguocultural, linguo-sociological capabilities of each language. The lexicological stock of the language is actively used in the design of the advertising text, which contains medical vocabulary.