bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Methylenecyclopropane as C1 Synthetic Units: [1 + 4] Cycloaddition via a Nickel Catalyst.
Authors: Inami Tasuku , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: December 2011

Ni‐catalyzed reactions of methylenecyclopropanes (I) with thiophthalic anhydrides afford highly substituted thiophthalides in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Intramolecular Bromo‐Amination of N‐Alkenyl Sulfonamides via Umpolung of Alkali Metal Bromides.
Authors: Moriyama Katsuhiko , Izumisawa Yuta , Togo Hideo
Published: December 2011

The method provides a new and efficient approach to a number of 2‐(bromomethly)pyrrolidine and indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Sulfonimide as a Broensted Acid Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Imines.
Authors: Chen Ling‐Yan , He Hao , Chan Wing‐Hong , Lee Albert W. M.
Published: December 2011

The chiral sulfonimide efficiently promotes the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 7,9‐Diaryl‐8H‐acenaphtho[1,2‐c]pyrroles and Their Application in Explosives Detection.
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Jin Jisong , Wang Yanguang , Lu Ping
Published: December 2011

Bis(arylethynyl)naphthalenes and primary amines undergo a highly atom‐efficient bicyclization under air to give the fused pyrroles which exhibit fluorescence around 450 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Nickel‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Enynes and Arynes.
Authors: Candito David A. , Lautens Mark
Published: December 2011

If a substituent is present adjacent to the olefin moiety, a good to excellent trans‐selectivity in product formation is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N1‐3‐{(4‐Substituted aryl‐3‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐azetidine)‐iminocarbamyl}‐propyl‐6‐nitroindazole Derivatives and Their Biological Significance.
Authors: Samadhiya Pushkal , Sharma Ritu , Srivastava Santosh K. , Srivastava Savitri D.
Published: December 2011

New title indazole derivatives (VII) (19 examples) are synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antitubercular activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conformational Features of 4‐(Cyclohexylsulfanyl)‐1‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)‐3‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole.
Authors: Manikannan Ramaiyan , Venkatesan Ramaiyan , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam
Published: December 2011

The reaction can also be conducted under conventional heating conditions at 80°C giving slightly lower yields of the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Multi‐Component Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazoles Utilizing P2O5/SiO2 as a Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Shaterian Hamid Reza , Ranjbar Mohammad , Azizi Kobra
Published: December 2011

A variety of 2,4,5‐ trisubstituted imidazoles (III) (31 examples) and 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles (VI) (40 examples) is prepared via multicomponent reactions under thermal solvent‐free conditions using P2O5—SiO2 as efficient and reusable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Novel 2‐Amino‐5‐thiazolecarboxamide Derivatives.
Authors: Li Hu , Yue Yun , Hu Xiao‐Jun , Zhao Sheng‐Yin
Published: December 2011

Some of the title compounds show moderate cytotoxicity against HL‐60 and K562 cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: ClickEnam. Part 1. Synthesis of Novel 1,4‐Disubstituted‐[1,2,3]‐triazole‐derived β‐Aminovinyl Trifluoromethylated Ketones and Their Copper(II) Complexes.
Authors: Chopin Nicolas , Decamps Sophie , Gouger Aude , Medebielle Maurice , Picot Stephane , Bienvenu Anne‐Lise , Pilet Guillaume
Published: December 2011

The synthesized compounds are screened as potential antifungal agents.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Synthesis of 3,5‐Diaryl‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles from Thiobenzamides and Methyl Bromocyanoacetate.
Authors: Mayhoub Abdelrahman S. , Kiselev Evgeny , Cushman Mark
Published: December 2011

Attempted synthesis of thiazole‐5‐carboxylates (III) as potential antiviral agents from ester (II) and arylthiobenzamides results in an unexpected formation of the pseudo‐dimeric 1,2,4‐thiadiazoles (IV), where compound (II) acts only as mediator.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Expedient Synthesis of 1,4‐Dioxygenated Xanthones.
Authors: Nichols Alexander L. , Zhang Patricia , Martin Stephen F.
Published: December 2011

The desired title compounds are available starting from the corresponding salicylaldehyde substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Promoted Benzylic Cross‐Couplings of Pyridines with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Duez Stephanie , Steib Andreas K. , Manolikakes Sophia M. , Knochel Paul
Published: December 2011

Several Lewis acids such as ZnCl(TMP) or BF3·OEt2 are used to promote the palladium‐catalyzed arylations of various methylpyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: MgO Nanoparticles as a Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ranjbar‐Karimi Reza , Hashemi‐Uderji Somayeh , Bazmandegan‐Shamili Alireza
Published: December 2011

The employed catalyst can be reused several times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7‐Aryl‐1,8‐naphthyridines via Addition of Aryl Boronic Acids to 1,8‐Naphthyridine N‐Oxides.
Authors: Bennie Linsey S. , Burton Paul M. , Morris James A.
Published: December 2011

The method is not sensitive to moisture or air and can be extended to other electron‐deficient N‐oxides [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Azaacridine Analogues as Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitors.
Authors: Luan Xudong , Gao Chunmei , Sun Qinsheng , Tan Chunyan , Liu Hongxia , Jin Yibao , Jiang Yuyang
Published: December 2011

The compound (IV) (no yield given) shows good cytotoxicity against K562 and HepG‐2, interacts with calf thymus DNA and inhibits topoisomerase 1 activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Furo[3,2‐c]‐1,8‐naphthyridines.
Authors: Guellue Mustafa , Yigit Deniz
Published: December 2011

The conversion of (III) to (IV) is conducted under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensed Isoquinolines. Part 37. Heterocyclization Using 3‐(Arylamino)‐ and 3‐(Hetarylamino)isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Potikha L. M. , Gutsul R. M. , Plaskon A. S. , Kovtunenko V. A. , Tolmachev A. A.
Published: December 2011

The reaction of 3‐aminoisoquinolinone derivatives with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of Tms‐Cl leads to the formation of fused naphthyridine and isoquinolinone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly and Efficient Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones
Authors: Majid Ghashang , Kobra Aziz , Hamed Moulavi‐Pordanjani , Hamid Reza Shaterian
Published: December 2011

via one‐pot three‐component cyclocondensation of isotoic anhydride (I) with aldehydes and N‐sources or condensation of anthranilamide with aldehydes
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp2)—H Amidination by Isonitrile Insertion Provides Direct Access to 4‐Aminoquinazolines from N‐Arylamidines.
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Honggen , Peng Jiangling , Zhu Qiang
Published: December 2011

Sterically hindered groups are inserted at the C4‐position of the quinazoline ring, which is an important scaffold of many biological materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted 2‐Aminonicotinamides in the Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones, 2,3‐Dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones, and 11b,12‐Dihydropyrido[2′,3′:4,5]pyrimido[2,1‐a]isoindole‐5,7‐diones.
Authors: Sidorova E. A. , Kostenko E. S. , Arustamova I. S. , Kaigorodova E. A. , Konyushkin L. D.
Published: December 2011

Title compounds (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) are synthesized starting from aminonicotinamides (I) according to [NC3N + C] cyclization scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to 1‐Benzyl 2‐Substituted Piperazines: Application to the Synthesis of 1‐Benzyl‐2‐difluoromethyl‐piperazine.
Authors: Napolitano Carmela , Borriello Manuela , Cardullo Francesca , Donati Daniele , Paio Alfredo , Manfredini Stefano
Published: December 2011

An efficient route to title compound (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Silyl Fluoride Electrophiles for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Silylated Pyrrolidine Catalysts.
Authors: Jentzsch Kaleb I. , Min Taewoo , Etcheson Jennifer I. , Fettinger James C. , Franz Annaliese K.
Published: December 2011

(‐)‐Sparteine‐mediated treatment of the pyrrole (I) with the silyl fluorides (II) allows efficient and highly stereoselective access to the products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: BF3·SiO2‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates in Ionic Liquid and Neat Conditions.
Authors: Reddy Mudumala Veeranarayana , Dindulkar Someshwar D. , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: December 2011

Optimized conditions are developed for the three‐component condensation to give the title compounds in a short reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Cu(I)/TF‐BiphamPhos‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Approach to Unnatural α‐Amino Acid Derivatives Containing gem‐Bisphosphonates.
Authors: Xue Zhi‐Yong , Li Qing‐Hua , Tao Hai‐Yan , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: December 2011

Asymmetric Michael addition of azomethine ylide (II) towards gem‐bisphosphonyl alkenes (I), (IX) and (XI) in the presence of a chiral Cu(I)—BiphamPhos complex provides access to a variety of novel non‐natural α‐amino acids bearing a gem‐bisphosphonate structural unit (III), (X), and (XII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed C—P Cross‐Coupling by C—CN Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Sun Meng , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Han Qi , Yang Kuo , Yang Shang‐Dong
Published: December 2011

Under optimized conditions, a wide variety of aryl/heteroaryldiphenylphosphanes is prepared including potential P,N‐bidentate ligands using Me3SiPPh2 as phosphorus source.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Triflate‐Catalyzed Se—Se Bond Cleavage and the Selective Additions under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Yu Lei , Ren Lingfeng , Guo Rong , Chen Tian
Published: December 2011

The applied ytterbium catalyst is not sensitive to moisture and is considered to be environmentally benign.
ChemInform Abstract: Tareciliosides H—M: Further Cycloartane Glycosides from Leaves of Tarenna gracilipes.
Authors: Zhao Zhimin , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Otsuka Hideaki , Shinzato Takakazu , Takeda Yoshio
Published: December 2011

The new compounds, tarecilioside H (Ia), I (Ib), J (IIa), K (IIb), L (III), and M (IV), are further cycloartane glycosides from the extract of the title plant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pregnane 3‐Carboxylic Acids via Pd‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation and Their Effect on NMDA Receptor Activity.
Authors: Stastna Eva , Chodounska Hana , Pouzar Vladimir , Borovska Jirina , Vyklicky Ladislav Jr.
Published: December 2011

It is found that the 5β‐carboxylic acid derivatives diminish NMDA‐ induced responses, whereas the 5α‐derivative potentiate the response.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemically Generated ArS(ArSSAr)+B(C6F5)4‐ as an Activator of Thioglycosides for Glycosylation.
Authors: Saito Kodai , Saigusa Yoshihiro , Nokami Toshiki , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: December 2011

The efficiency of the activator in the title reaction depends on the nature of the counter anion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Complete Janus‐Type Guanosine—Cytosine Base and Its 2′‐Deoxyribonucleoside.
Authors: Zhao Hang , Huang Wen , Wu Xiaohua , Qing Yong , Xing Zhihua , He Yang
Published: December 2011

A viable synthetic route for the synthesis of the complete Janus‐type guanosine‐cytosine base (VI) and its derivative (IX) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of L‐Proline‐Catalyzed α‐Aminoxylation of Aldehyde to (S)‐Guaifenesin‐Related Drug Molecules.
Authors: Panchgalle Sharad P. , Kunte Sunita S. , Chavan Subhash P. , Kalkote Uttam R.
Published: December 2011

The title reaction leads to enantiomerically pure guaifenesin (II) which is used for the preparation of (S)‐(‐)‐moprolol (V) and (R)‐(+)‐methocarbamol (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: New Prenylated C6—C3 Compounds from the Twigs of Illicium anisatum.
Authors: Kubo Miwa , Shima Naoki , Harada Kenichi , Hioki Hideaki , Fukuyama Yoshiyasu
Published: December 2011

The new compound (I), named cycloillicinone, is isolated together with the new compound (II) which shows moderate neurite‐outgrowth promoting activity in primary cultured rat cortical neurons at a concentration of 10 μM.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Macrocyclic Lactone with Insecticidal Bioactivity from Streptomyces microflavus neau3.
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Jing , Zhang Ji , Liu Chong‐Xi , Gong Dian‐Liang , Zhang Hui , Wang Ji‐Dong , Yan Yi‐Jun , Xiang Wen‐Sheng
Published: December 2011

Lactone (I), isolated from the fermentation broth of S.microflavus neau3, displays lower acaricidal potency against adult mites and nematocidal activity against C.elegans than the positive control, but shows higher acaricidal activity against mite eggs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Based Magnetic Nanocomposites. Fabrication, Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Wen Tianlong , Krishnan Kannan M.
Published: December 2011

Review: 172 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides and Derivatives
Authors: Xu Zhi Ping , Zhang Jia , Adebajo Moses O. , Zhang Hong , Zhou Chunhui
Published: December 2011

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances with Ammonia—Borane: Improved Recycling and Use as a Precursor to Atomically Thin BN Films
Authors: Whittell George R. , Manners Ian
Published: December 2011

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring Nanoporous Materials by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Detavernier Christophe , Dendooven Jolien , Sree Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu , Ludwig Karl F. , Martens Johan A.
Published: December 2011

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Near‐Infrared Emissive Lanthanide Complexes Based on Macrocyclic Ligands
Authors: Zhu Xunjin , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Yang Xiaoping
Published: December 2011

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Ferrocene and Its Derivatives in Cancer Research
Authors: Ornelas Catia
Published: December 2011

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Oxygen Sensitivity of FeCl2 Complexes with tris(2‐Pyridylmethyl)amine‐Type Ligands: O2 Coordination and a Quest for Superoxide
Authors: Mandon Dominique , Jaafar Hassen , Thibon Aurore
Published: December 2011

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: R. B. Woodward′s Unfinished Symphony: Designing Organic Superconductors (1975—79).
Authors: Cava Michael P. , Lakshmikantham M. V. , Hoffmann Roald , Williams Robert M.
Published: December 2011

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Means of Fe‐Based Lewis Acids
Authors: Padron Juan I. , Martin Victor S.
Published: December 2011

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions in Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Zakharova Lucia , Mirgorodskaya Alla , Zhiltsova Elena , Kudryavtseva Ludmila , Konovalov Alexander
Published: December 2011

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Cations in Constrained Systems
Authors: Abraham Werner , Grubert Lutz
Published: December 2011

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Encapsulation of Reactive Intermediates
Authors: Mieusset Jean‐Luc , Brinker Udo H.
Published: December 2011

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry in Self‐Assembled Nanoreactors
Authors: van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar , Koblenz Tehila S. , Wassenaar Jeroen , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: December 2011

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions in Zeolites
Authors: Walspurger Stephane , Sommer Jean
Published: December 2011

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrins
Authors: Breslow Ronald
Published: December 2011

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Control by Molecular Recognition: A Survey from the Photochemical Perspective
Authors: Yang Cheng , Ke Chenfeng , Liu Yu , Inoue Yoshihisa
Published: December 2011

Review: 193 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolidin‐4‐ones: Their Syntheses and Applications
Authors: Blackmore Timothy R. , Thompson Philip E.
Published: December 2011

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Monocoupling Reactions of Ethene and Arene Derivatives Bearing Two or More Electrophilic Sites
Authors: Rossi Renzo , Bellina Fabio , Lessi Marco
Published: December 2011

Review: ca. 250 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole Synthesis: A Review and Proposed Classification
Authors: Taber Douglass F. , Tirunahari Pavan K.
Published: December 2011

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indoles and Indolizidines in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Bronner Sarah M. , Im G.‐Yoon J. , Garg Neil K.
Published: December 2011

Review: 230 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Heterocycles with 4 Heteroatoms: Tetrazoles
Authors: Bhatt Ulhas
Published: December 2011

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiadiazoles
Authors: Chiacchio Ugo , Romeo Giovanni
Published: December 2011

Review: 441 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of New Chiral Cyclic Scaffolds Using [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Uchiyama Toshifumi , Hirashima Hiroyuki , Endo Kohei
Published: December 2011

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles Containing a Ring‐Junction Nitrogen
Authors: Vaquero Juan J. , Alvarez‐Builla Julio
Published: December 2011

Review: 330 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐Membered Heterocycles: Azepines, Benzo Derivatives and Related Systems
Authors: Vaquero Juan J. , Cuadro Ana M. , Herradon Bernardo
Published: December 2011

Review: 483 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of Alkynol‐Based Compounds: Synthesis of Natural Products and Derivatives
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Alonso Jose M.
Published: December 2011

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Porphyrins: Syntheses and Reactions
Authors: Anand Venkataramanarao G. , Srinivasan Alagar , Chandrashekar Tavarekere K.
Published: December 2011

Review: 179 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Macrocyclic Natural Products
Authors: Nor Siti Mariam Mohd , Xu Zhengshuang , Ye Tao
Published: December 2011

Review: 173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxepines and Azepines in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Riley Darren L. , van Otterlo Willem A. L.
Published: December 2011

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrimidine and Imidazole in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Mahajan Mohinder P.
Published: December 2011

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Light Harvesting Antennas by Luminescent Dendrimers
Authors: Balzani Vincenzo , Bergamini Giacomo , Ceroni Paola , Marchi Enrico
Published: December 2011

Review: about 50 refs.
A novel PET tracer for the imaging of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins in experimental breast cancer bone metastases
Authors: Mühlhausen Ute , Komljenovic Dorde , Bretschi Maren , Leotta Karin , Eisenhut Michael , Semmler Wolfhard , Bäuerle Tobias
Published: December 2011

The aim of this study was the evaluation of 68Ga‐DOTA‐E‐[c(RGDfK)]2 as a novel PET tracer to image αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins. For this purpose, DOTA‐E‐[c(RGDfK)]2 was labeled with 68Ga, which was obtained from a 68Ge/68Ga generator, purified by solid‐phase extraction and the radiochemical purity analyzed by radio‐RP‐HPLC. 68Ga‐DOTA‐E‐[c(RGDfK)]2 was obtained reproducibly in radiochemical yields of 60 ± 6% and with an excellent radiochemical purity of >99%. In nude rats bearing bone metastases after injection of MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells, biodistribution studies were performed to evaluate the accumulation of the radiotracer in selected organs, blood and bone metastases 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h post injection. A rapid uptake into the bone metastases and rapid blood clearance was observed, resulting in tumor–blood ratios of up to 26.6 (3 h post injection) and tumor–muscle ratios of up to 7.9 (3 h post injection). A blocking experiment with coinjected αvβ3/αvβ5 antagonist showed the tumor uptake to be receptor‐specific. In an initial in vivo micro PET evaluation of the tracer using the same animal model, the bone metastasis was clearly visualized. These results suggest that 68Ga‐DOTA‐E‐[c(RGDfK)]2 is a promising PET tracer suitable for the imaging of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins in bone metastases. This novel PET tracer should be further evaluated concerning its usefulness for early detection of bone metastases and monitoring treatment response of these lesions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonochemical Synthesis of 0D, 1D, and 2D Zinc Oxide Nanostructures in Ionic Liquids and Their Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Alammar Tarek , Mudring Anja‐Verena
Published: December 2011

Ultrasound synthesis of zinc oxide from zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide in ionic liquids (ILs) is a fast, facile, and effective, yet highly morphology‐ and size‐selective route to zinc oxide nanostructures of various dimensionalities. No additional organic solvents, water, surfactants, or templating agents are required. Depending on the synthetic conditions, the selective manufacturing of 0D, 1D, and 2D ZnO nanostructures is possible: Whereas the formation of rodlike structures is typically favored, ZnO nanoparticles can be obtained either under strongly basic conditions or by use of ILs with a long alkyl chain, such as 1‐n‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Cnmim][Tf2N];n>8). A short ultrasound irradiation time favors the formation of ZnO nanosheets. Prolonged irradiation leads to the conversion of the ZnO nanosheets into nanorods. In contrast, ionothermal synthesis (conventional heating) does not allow for morphology tuning by variation of the IL or other synthesis conditions, as the longer reaction times required lead always to the formation of well‐developed hexagonal nanocrystals with prismatic tips. The ZnO nanostructures synthesized by using ultrasound were efficient photocatalysts in the photodegradation of methyl orange. The photoactivity was observed to be as high as 95 % for ZnO nanoparticles obtained in [C10mim][Tf2N].
A Versatile Protocol for the Quantitative and Smooth Conversion of Phosphane Oxides into Synthetically Useful Pyrazolylphosphonium Salts
Authors: Feldmann Kai‐Oliver , Schulz Stephen , Klotter Felix , Weigand Jan J.
Published: December 2011

A convenient protocol for the smooth conversion of the resistant PO bond in phosphane oxides into a reactive PN bond of synthetically useful pyrazolylphosphonium salts is described. A highly charged, oxophilic, phosphorus‐centered trication is employed and the reactions are conducted at room temperature with quantitative yields. The resulting pyrazolylphosphonium cations are valuable synthetic intermediates and are used for the synthesis of a variety of organophosphorus compounds. This represents a new approach towards the transformation of the rather inert phosphoryl group under very mild reaction and workup conditions and aims towards alternatives to existing reduction methods for phosphane oxide functionalization.
The First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Putaminoxin E and Its Epimer and Evaluation of Their Biological Properties
Authors: Sudhakar Chithaluri , Reddy Parigi Raghavendar , Kumar Chityal Ganesh , Sujitha Pombala , Das Biswanath
Published: December 2011

Putaminoxin E, a natural nonanolide, and its C‐9 epimer were synthesized for the first time starting from pentane‐1,5‐diol and butyraldehyde. The synthetic sequences involve Maruoka asymmetric allylation, Sharpless kinetic resolution, and ring‐closing metathesis as the key steps. The cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of these compounds were evaluated.
Average level crossing rate of microcellular mobile radio system with selection combining in the presence of arbitrary number of cochannel interferences
Authors: Panajotović Aleksandra , Stefanović Mihajlo , Drača Dragan , Sekulović Nikola
Published: December 2011

This paper provides an exact and rapidly converging infinite‐series expression for the average level crossing rate of dual selection combining receiver in a communication system with a Rician desired signal affected by multiple Nakagami‐m cochannel interferences. The branch selection is based on the desired signal power algorithm with input signals assumed to be correlated because of insufficient distance between diversity branches. The proposed mathematical analysis is complemented by various numerical results showing the effects of various system's parameters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of donepezil on cognitive performance after sleep deprivation
Authors: Dodds Chris M. , Bullmore Edward T. , Henson Richard N. , Christensen Soren , Miller Sam , Smith Marie , Dewit Odile , Lawrence Phil , Nathan Pradeep J.
Published: December 2011

Objectives

To identify tasks that were sensitive to a temporary decline in cognitive performance after sleep deprivation and to investigate the ability of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil to reverse any sleep deprivation‐induced impairment.

Methods

Thirty healthy volunteers were administered either a 5‐mg daily dose of donepezil or placebo for 14–17 days, in a double‐blind parallel group design, then underwent either 24 h sleep deprivation or a normal night of sleep in non‐blinded crossover, and were subsequently tested on a battery of cognitive tasks designed to measure different components of memory and executive function.

Results

Sleep deprivation selectively impaired performance on several memory tasks whilst also impairing non‐memory function on these tasks. Performance on other tasks was spared. Despite partially reversing the decline in subjective alertness associated with sleep deprivation, treatment with donepezil failed to significantly reverse the decline in cognitive performance on any of the tasks.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate the sensitivity of certain tests, particularly those that measure memory function, to cognitive impairment after sleep deprivation. The inability of donepezil to reverse this performance decline suggests that the sleep deprivation model of cognitive impairment may not be suitable for detecting pro‐cognitive effects of cholinergic augmentation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EVALUATION OF THE CHASHMA RIGHT BANK IRRIGATION PROJECT AND STRATEGY FORMULATION USING THE SWOT APPROACH
Authors: Atta‐Ur‐Rahman  , Nawaz Khan Amir , Ali Zulfiqar
Published: December 2011

This paper attempts to evaluate the Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project (CRBIP) and formulate strategy for regional irrigation management using the SWOT approach. The study area (D.I. Khan District) falls in the arid agro‐ecological zone of Pakistan, where availability of water for irrigation is a serious issue. In this article, emphasis has been put on identifying both the external and internal positive and negative factors of CRBIP and the proposed Chashma Right Bank 1st Lift Irrigation Project (CRB1stLIP). For SWOT activity, ten indicators were tested: namely land use, cropping pattern, cropping intensity, agricultural production, irrigation, groundwater table, seed, mechanization, fertilizer, pesticides and waterlogging. Data pertaining to these variables were obtained from both primary and secondary sources, including farmers, community leaders, line agencies, technical experts, local administrators and focus group discussion with the key stakeholders. The SWOT analysis was undertaken for all the selected variables and the result deduced in light of the socio‐economic and physio‐ecological environment of the area. The article clearly explains the available strengths and opportunities in the land and agricultural sector for regional irrigation management and for eliminating the negative effects of CRBIP. On the basis of the SWOT analysis, the article also provides strategies for accelerating positive factors and mitigating the harmful consequences. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early versus Late Disclosure of Evidence: Effects on Verbal Cues to Deception, Confessions, and Lie Catchers' Accuracy
Authors: Jordan Sarah , Hartwig Maria , Wallace Brian , Dawson Evan , Xhihani Andi
Published: December 2011

The strategic use of evidence (SUE)—a method of using case information to elicit different verbal responses from guilty and innocent suspects—has been shown to increase cues to deception and lie detection accuracy. This study manipulated the timing of evidence presentation to determine its effect on cues to deception, lie detection accuracy, and confession rates. Liars were less consistent with the evidence, and SUE was associated with higher lie detection accuracy. Results showed no difference between early and late disclosure of evidence on suspects' confession rates, nor on the diagnosticity of the confessions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional processing in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Péron Julie , Dondaine Thibaut , Le Jeune Florence , Grandjean Didier , Vérin Marc
Published: December 2011

Parkinson's disease provides a useful model for studying the neural substrates of emotional processing. The striato‐thalamo‐cortical circuits, like the mesolimbic dopamine system that modulates their function, are thought to be involved in emotional processing. As Parkinson's disease is histopathologically characterized by the selective, progressive, and chronic degeneration of the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems, it can therefore serve as a model for assessing the functional role of these circuits in humans. In the present review, we begin by providing a synopsis of the emotional disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease. We then discuss the functional roles of the striato‐thalamo‐cortical and mesolimbic circuits, ending with the conclusion that both these pathways are indeed involved in emotional processing. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Evaluation of periodic limb movements in a putative animal model of restless leg syndrome
Authors: Lopes Cleide , Esteves Andrea M. , Frussa‐Filho Roberto , Tufik Sergio , de Mello Marco Tulio
Published: December 2011

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a major healthcare burden with increasing prevalence. It has been demonstrated that periodic limb movements (PLM) can occur as an isolated phenomenon, but they are often associated with this syndrome and are the only symptom of this disorder that can be measured electrophysiologically. The aim of this study was to examine the sleep‐wake behavior and the presence of limb movement in a rat model of RLS induced by lesioning the A11 dopaminergic nuclei with the neurotoxin 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). Rats were implanted with electrodes for electrocorticography and electromyography. Sleep recordings were monitored during light/dark periods lasting 12 hours each and were evaluated on days 7, 15, and 28 after injection of the drug or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). A control group that did not receive any injection was also included. Wakefulness percentages were generated for 4‐hour segments of the dark period, yielding the following 3 bins: 7 PM to 11 PM, 11 PM to 3 AM, and 3 PM to 7 PM. Additionally, slow wave sleep, paradoxical sleep, wakefulness, and limb movements were evaluated over the entire 12 hours of the light/dark cycle. All A11‐lesioned rats exhibited an increased percentage of wakefulness during the last block of the dark period, as would be expected for an animal model of this syndrome. In addition, at all time points after lesioning, these animals presented increased frequencies of limb movement during both the light and the dark periods. These alterations were reversed by the acute administration of the dopaminergic agonist pramipexole. This animal model strengthens the notion that 6‐OHDA–induced A11 lesions can be a valid animal model for RLS and PLM. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Molecular and immunological characterization of Mus a 5 allergen from banana fruit
Authors: Aleksic Ivana , Popovic Milica , Dimitrijevic Rajna , Andjelkovic Uros , Vassilopoulou Emilia , Sinaniotis Athanassios , Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina , Lindner Buko , Petersen Arnd , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Gavrovic‐Jankulovic Marija
Published: December 2011

Scope Banana fruit has become an important cause of fruit allergy in the recent years. Among the five registered IUIS allergens, Mus a 1 and Mus a 2 have been characterized in detail. In this study, molecular characterization and evaluation of the allergenic properties of β‐1,3‐glucanase from banana (Musa acuminata), denoted as Mus a 5, were performed

Methods and results The gene of Mus a 5 was cloned and sequenced. The obtained cDNA revealed a novel Mus a 5 isoform with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 340 amino acids comprising a putative signal peptide of 28 amino acid residues. By MALDI‐TOF analysis Mus a 5 isolated from banana fruit revealed a molecular mass of 33451±67 Da. Two Mus a 5 isoforms (pI 7.7 and 8.0) were detected by 2D immunoblot with an identical N‐terminal sequence. By mass fingerprint, 76 and 83% of the primary structure was confirmed for the two mature Mus a 5 isoforms, respectively. IgE reactivity to Mus a 5 was found in 74% of patients sensitized to banana fruit. Upregulation of basophil activation markers CD63 and CD203c was achieved with Mus a 5 in a concentration‐dependent manner

Conclusion Mus a 5 is a functional allergen and a candidate for the component‐resolved allergy diagnosis of banana allergy.
3D FLAIRED: 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery for enhanced detection of lesions in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Polak Paul , Magnano Christopher , Zivadinov Robert , Poloni Guy
Published: December 2011

Contrast optimization of a three‐dimensional (3D) Fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence is examined in the context of multiple sclerosis. In order to develop 3D FLAIR for enhanced detection of lesions, an iterative approach based on theoretical considerations was used. The 3D FLAIR sequence was systematically acquired with incremental parameter changes on a single subject with multiple sclerosis in a 3‐T MRI scanner. Region of interest analysis was performed on the images, and the best estimate of the optimal acquisition parameters was established. This process was iterated on subsequent patients with multiple sclerosis until only marginal gains in quality were obtained. Three‐dimensional FLAIR for enhanced detection produced increased lesion detection and identification in the supratentorial and infratentorial regions when compared with default GE 3D FLAIR and two‐dimensional FLAIR sequences. Lesion border delineation was enhanced as evidenced by better lesion and white matter contrast ratios, demonstrating that the approach is a viable method for improved lesion detection. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic conformal prescription of very selective saturation bands for in vivo1H‐MRSI of the prostate
Authors: Venugopal N. , McCurdy B. , Hovdebo J. , Al Mehairi S. , Alamri A. , Sandhu G. S. , Sivalingam S. , Drachenberg D. , Ryner L.
Published: December 2011

An important step in the implementation of three‐dimensional in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H‐MRSI) of the prostate is the placement of spatial saturation pulses around the region of interest (ROI) for the removal of unwanted contaminating signals from peripheral tissue. The present study demonstrates the use of a technique called conformal voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CV‐MRS). This method automates the placement, orientation, timing and flip angle of very selective saturation (VSS) pulses around an irregularly‐shaped, user‐defined ROI. The method employs a user adjustable number of automatically positioned VSS pulses (20 used in the present study) which null the signal from periprostatic lipids while closely conforming the shape of the excitation voxel to the shape of the prostate. A standard endorectal coil in combination with a torso‐phased array coil was used for all in vivo prostate studies. Three‐dimensional in vivo prostate 1H‐MRSI data were obtained using the proposed semi‐automated CV‐MRS technique, and compared with a standard point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) technique at TE = 130 ms using manual placement of saturation pulses. The in vivo prostate 1H‐MRSI data collected from 12 healthy subjects using the CV‐MRS method showed significantly reduced lipid contamination throughout the prostate, and reduced baseline distortions. On average there was a 50 ± 17% (range 12% – 68%) reduction in lipids throughout the prostate. A voxel‐by‐voxel benchmark test of over 850 voxels showed that there were 63% more peaks fitted using the LCModel when using a Cramer‐Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) cut‐off of 40% when using the optimized conformal voxel technique in comparison to the manual placement approach. The evaluation of this CV‐MRS technique has demonstrated the potential for easy automation of the graphical prescription of saturation bands for use in 1H‐MRSI. Copyright © 2011 National Research Council Canada.
Numerical optimization of a three‐channel radiofrequency coil for open, vertical‐field, MR‐guided, focused ultrasound surgery using the hybrid method of moment/finite difference time domain method
Authors: Xin Xuegang , Wang Di , Han Jijun , Feng Yanqiu , Feng Qianjin , Chen Wufan
Published: December 2011

The numerical optimization of a three‐channel radiofrequency (RF) coil with a physical aperture for the open, vertical‐field, MR‐guided, focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) system using the hybrid method of moment (MoM)/finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is reported. The numerical simulation of the current density distribution on an RF coil with a complicated irregular structure was performed using MoM. The electromagnetic field simulation containing the full coil–tissue interactions within the region of interest was accomplished using the FDTD method. Huygens' equivalent box with six surfaces smoothly connected the MoM and FDTD method. An electromagnetic model of the human pelvic region was reconstructed and loaded in the FDTD zone to optimize the three‐channel RF coil and compensate for the lower sensitivity at the vertical field. In addition, the numerical MoM was used to model the resonance, decoupling and impedance matching of the RF coil in compliance with engineering practices. A prototype RF coil was constructed to verify the simulation results. The results demonstrate that the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the homogeneity of the B1 field were both greatly improved compared with previously published results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three faces of political marketing strategy
Authors: Nielsen Sigge Winther
Published: December 2011

The term strategy is appearing with great frequency in the political marketing literature. However, the concept of political marketing strategy has been criticized for being unidimensional, ill‐defined and neglecting the contingencies of strategy theories. This article argues that a minimal definition and a division of epistemological terms could respond to the outlined critique. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the RD rational Arnoldi method inside exponential integrators
Authors: Novati Paolo
Published: December 2011

We consider the use of the Restricted‐Denominator (RD) rational Arnoldi method for the computation of the core functions of exponential integrators for parabolic problems. Reliable and easy‐to‐use a‐posteriori error bounds are presented. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time‐optimal motion planning along prescribed paths with friction and power constraints
Authors: Geu Flores Francisco , Kecskeméthy Andrés , Pöttker Alois
Published: December 2011

Time‐optimal motion planning along specified paths is a well‐understood problem in robotics for which well‐established methods exist for some standard effects, such as actuator force limits, maximal path velocity, or sliding friction. This paper describes an extension of the classical method that allows for considering, on the one hand side, additional non linear constraints such as sticking friction, acceleration limits at the end‐effector, as well power limits for the overall system, and on the other, general paths featuring smooth interpolation of angular acceleration as well as arbitrary multibody systems comprising multiple loops. The methods are illustrated with two applications from robotics and the mining industry. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling and Control of a Seven Axes Hybrid Electric/Pneumatic Robot Arm
Authors: Kastner Michael , Gattringer Hubert , Bremer Hartmut , Naderer Ronald
Published: December 2011

Passively compliant drive concepts are often used in bio‐inspired robot designs. Especially fluidic artificial muscles share many characteristics with their natural counterparts. Industrial manipulators can benefit from the increased robustness and safety (in contrast to rigid drives) especially in cooperative human/robot environments. We compare different model‐based control concepts for a single rotational joint actuated by two fluidic muscles in combination with proportional valves. While the complete valve and muscle models are already included in this setup, the mechanical model becomes more complex when we extend the control to a full seven axes articulated robot arm with both, electrically and pneumatically actuated joints. In this case the Projection Equation in subsystem description is used for the multibody model, allowing a straight‐forward realtime application to different robot kinematics. Remaining model errors and disturbances are handled by observer algorithms. We present measurement results and compare them to simulation outputs. Besides the position control, possible approaches for sensorless external force estimation are discussed. They take advantage of the compliance of the robot and are again based on the actuator and multibody models. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A spatial shear deformable beam finite element based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation
Authors: Nachbagauer Karin , Gruber Peter , Gerstmayr Johannes
Published: December 2011

In the present paper a three‐dimensional beam finite element undergoing large deformations is proposed. Since the definition of the proposed finite element is based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), no rotational coordinates occur in the formulation. In the current approach, the orientation of the cross section is parameterized by means of slope vectors. Since those are no unit vectors, the cross‐section can deform, similar to existing thick beam and shell elements. The nodal displacements and the directional derivatives of the displacements are chosen as nodal coordinates, but in contrast to standard ANCF elements, the proposed formulation is based on the two transversal slope vectors per node only. Different approaches for the virtual work of elastic forces are presented: a continuum mechanics based formulation, as well as a structural mechanics based formulation, which is in accordance with classical nonlinear beam finite elements. Since different interpolation functions as in standard ANCF elements are used, a much better convergence rate (up to order four) can be obtained. Therefore, the present element has high potential for application in geometrically nonlinear problems. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of Reconfigurable Modular Redundant Robotic Systems
Authors: Oberhuber Bernhard , Gattringer Hubert , Bremer Hartmut , Simons Florian
Published: December 2011

This paper deals with the dynamical modeling and control of modular redundant robots. The robots under consideration consist of modular actuators (brushless DC motors with Harmonic Drive gears) connected by rigid links. Different configurations can be designed by rearranging these subsystems. In order to fulfill the requirement for an efficient dynamical modeling, the Projection Equation in subsystem representation is used. The subsystems are connected via the kinematical chain. The Projection Equation offers the possibility to calculate the minimal accelerations recursively, leading to an O(n) computational effectiveness. To validate the proposed method, the model of an articulated robot arm with seven joints is considered. Simulation results are compared to measurements. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rotationless formulation for large deformations in flexible multibody dynamics
Authors: Sänger Nicolas , Betsch Peter
Published: December 2011

Especially for specific applications, such as contact problems, computer methods for flexible multibody dynamics that are able to treat large deformation phenomena are important. Classical formalisms for multibody dynamics are based on rigid bodies. Their extension to flexible multibody systems is typically restricted to linear elastic material behavior whereas large deformation phenomena are formulated in the framework of the nonlinear finite element method.

In the talk we address computer methods that can handle large deformations in the context of multibody systems. In particular, the link between nonlinear continuum mechanics and multibody systems is facilitated by a specific formulation of rigid body dynamics [1]. It makes possible the incorporation of state‐of‐the‐art computer methods for large deformation problems. In the talk we focus on the treatment of large deformation contact whithin flexible multibody dynamics [2]. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the choice of coordinates for computational multibody dynamics
Authors: Yang Yinping , Betsch Peter
Published: December 2011

The choice of coordinates for the description of multibody dynamics has a strong impact on the form of the equations of motion. In the talk two alternative formulations are compared: (i) joint coordinates along with Euler angles for the orientation of rigid bodies, and (ii) redundant coordinates where the orientation of rigid bodies is described in terms of direction cosines. In the case of multibody systems with tree structure the use of generalized coordinates yields equations of motion in the form of ordinary differential equations. In contrast to that, the choice of redundant coordinates yields differential‐algebraic equations. The two alternative formulations are compared and their influence on the numerical time integration is highlighted. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Incorporation of Residual Stresses in Arterial Walls
Authors: Brinkhues Sarah , Schröder Jörg
Published: December 2011

The present work deals with the incorporation of residual stresses existing in circumferential direction of arterial walls. For the consideration of the residual stresses a novel model will be presented. This model is based on the assumption that residual stresses decrease the stress gradients through the thickness of the arterial wall. Since arterial walls exhibit a pronounced material behavior in fiber direction, the radial gradients of the fiber stresses are considered for the definition of the residual stresses. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Coupled Model for the Left Ventricle Including Regional Differences in Structure
Authors: Eriksson Thomas , Plank Gernot , Holzapfel Gerhard A.
Published: December 2011

Modeling cardiac function is an important task to increase the understanding of the physiological response of the heart and to determine how complex structural heart components influence the biomechanical behavior of the heart. In this communication a coupled model of orthotropic ventricular myocardium is presented using fiber and sheet orientations that is matching regionally measured experimental data. This approach generates a more realistic and homogenized stress distribution when compared to a model with a generic fiber and sheet orientation. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure preserving simulation of muscle actuated movements
Authors: Maas Ramona , Siebert Tobias , Leyendecker Sigrid
Published: December 2011

Biomechanical simulation of human locomotion is commonly done via dynamical simulations of multibody systems. The actuation of the system is thereby often represented via muscle models that create a force depending on muscle length and activation level. We show a comparison of such a simulation using a structure preserving integration framework to MATLAB/Simulink results. The conclusion is that structure preservation is important to represent such systems correctly, in particular concerning energy and angular momentum evolutions. We introduce a method for structure preserving simulation of muscle actuated movements. Additionally we show examples of a simple arm movement including only one muscle as well as a finger movement including up to six muscles as an example for more complex biomechanical systems. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)