bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic and evolutionary insights into isoform-specific ‘supercharging’ in DCLK family kinases
Authors: Venkat Aarya , Watterson Grace , Byrne Dominic P , O'Boyle Brady , Shrestha Safal , Gravel Nathan , Fairweather Emma E , Daly Leonard A , Bunn Claire , Yeung Wayland , Aggarwal Ishan , Katiyar Samiksha , Eyers Claire E , Eyers Patrick A , Kannan Natarajan
Published: October 2023

Catalytic signaling outputs of protein kinases are dynamically regulated by an array of structural mechanisms, including allosteric interactions mediated by intrinsically disordered segments flanking the conserved catalytic domain. The doublecortin-like kinases (DCLKs) are a family of microtubule-associated proteins characterized by a flexible C-terminal autoregulatory ‘tail’ segment that varies in length across the various human DCLK isoforms. However, the mechanism whereby these isoform-specific variations contribute to unique modes of autoregulation is not well understood. Here, we employ a combination of statistical sequence analysis, molecular dynamics simulations, and in vitro mutational analysis to define hallmarks of DCLK family evolutionary divergence, including analysis of splice variants within the DCLK1 sub-family, which arise through alternative codon usage and serve to ‘supercharge’ the inhibitory potential of the DCLK1 C-tail. We identify co-conserved motifs that readily distinguish DCLKs from all other calcium calmodulin kinases (CAMKs), and a ‘Swiss Army’ assembly of distinct motifs that tether the C-terminal tail to conserved ATP and substrate-binding regions of the catalytic domain to generate a scaffold for autoregulation through C-tail dynamics. Consistently, deletions and mutations that alter C-terminal tail length or interfere with co-conserved interactions within the catalytic domain alter intrinsic protein stability, nucleotide/inhibitor binding, and catalytic activity, suggesting isoform-specific regulation of activity through alternative splicing. Our studies provide a detailed framework for investigating kinome-wide regulation of catalytic output through cis-regulatory events mediated by intrinsically disordered segments, opening new avenues for the design of mechanistically divergent DCLK1 modulators, stabilizers, or degraders.
Energy consumption analysis of power grid distribution transformers based on an improved genetic algorithm
Authors: Lin Yubin , Li Jiyu , Ruan Xiaofei , Huang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jinbo
Published: October 2023

With the promotion of energy transformation, the utilization ratio of electrical power is progressively rising. Since electrical power is challenging to store, real-time production and consumption become imperative, imposing significant demands on the dependability and operational efficiency of electrical power apparatus. Suppose the load distribution among multiple transformers within a transformer network exhibits inequality. In such instances, it will amplify the total energy consumption during the voltage conversion process, and local, long-term high-load transformer networks become more susceptible to failures. In this article, we scrutinize the matter of transformer energy utilization in the context of electricity transmission within grid systems. We propose a methodology grounded on genetic algorithms to optimize transformer energy usage by dynamically redistributing loads among diverse transformers based on their operational status monitoring. In our experimentation, we employed three distinct approaches to enhance energy efficiency. The experimental findings evince that this approach facilitates swifter attainment of the optimal power level and diminishes the overall energy consumption during transformer operation. Moreover, it exhibits a heightened responsiveness to fluctuations in power demand from the electrical grid. Experimental results manifest that this technique can truncate monitoring time by 27% and curtail the overall energy consumption of the distribution transformer network by 11.81%. Lastly, we deliberate upon the potential applications of genetic algorithms in the realm of power equipment management and energy optimization issues.
Forest habitats and plant communities strongly predicts Megachilidae bee biodiversity
Authors: McCabe Lindsie M. , Chesshire Paige , Cobb Neil S.
Published: October 2023

Megachilidae is one of the United States’ most diverse bee families, with 667 described species in 19 genera. Unlike other bee families, which are primarily ground nesters, most megachilid bees require biotic cavities for nesting (i.e., wood, pithy stems, etc.). For this group, the availability of woody-plant species may be as important as nectar/pollen resources in maintaining populations. We studied Megachilidae biodiversity in the continental United States. We confirmed that the highest species richness of Megachilidae was in the southwestern United States. We examined the relationship between species richness and climate, land cover, tree species richness, and flowering plant diversity. When examining environmental predictors across the conterminous United States, we found that forested habitats, but not tree diversity, strongly predicted Megachilidae richness. Additionally, Megachilidae richness was highest in areas with high temperature and low precipitation, however this was not linearly correlated and strongly positively correlated with flowering plant diversity. Our research suggests that the availability of nesting substrate (forested habitats), and not only flowering plants, is particularly important for these cavity-nesting species. Since trees and forested areas are particularly susceptible to climate change, including effects of drought, fire, and infestations, nesting substrates could become a potential limiting resource for Megachilidae populations.
Use of soybean as an alternative protein source for welfare-orientated production of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Flint Mark , Flint Jaylene
Published: October 2023

Soybean meal based diets have been suggested to cause gastrointestinal issues in certain species when used as a protein alternative. Using a randomized design, we tested 1,728 alligators in one of 13 communal pens offered one of two diets (seven pens (n = 928) of soybean-based protein diets and six pens (n = 800) of animal-based protein diets) to determine if soybeans would negatively affect the growth, hide quality, behavior and health, when compared with an otherwise identical diet using animal-based protein. Both feeds were nearly identical in composition for protein and fat percentages and identical for all minerals and elements. Crude protein was a minimum of 50%, crude fat a minimum of 12%, crude fiber a minimum of 4%, and phosphorous was maintained at 1%. From this information we estimated the One Welfare of using soy as a protein in commercial diets. Although there was a statistically significant decrease in belly width (p = 0.0009; harvested hide size) for alligators fed soybean-based protein diets, all other measured parameters of soybean vs. animal-based protein diets were comparable, suggesting this environmentally sustainable alternative protein source warrants consideration as a feed base. Weight was not significantly different suggesting either diet would yield similar volumes of meat. Total length was significantly affected by diet. Hide quality was not negatively impacted by protein type, with both diets producing high quality hides free of defects (assessed at the salted hide stage prior to tanning). Behaviors were not influenced by the feed type, with animals fed either diet using the pen structures the same. Further, feeding times were the same suggesting the soybean-based protein diet was equally easy to eat and palatable as the animal-based protein diet. Behavior and feeding suggested soy-based diets do not alter time budgets or activities. There were no differences in the frequency or severity of pathologies for animals fed either diet. Respiratory (lung and trachea as a proxy to measure dust inhalation), gastrointestinal (small intestine as a proxy to measure digestive disturbances), and renal (kidney as a proxy for excretory stress) histopathology demonstrated neither diet was causing overt problems. One Welfare conclusions were feeding a soybean-based protein diet did not cause production or welfare issues. Further, soybean protein-based diets may be an environmentally sustainable alternative to currently used animal-based diets. Research examining different soybean protein concentrations and sources is warranted.
Five new malformed trilobites from Cambrian and Ordovician deposits from the Natural History Museum
Authors: Bicknell Russell D.C. , Smith Patrick M.
Published: October 2023

Injured trilobites present insight into how a completely extinct group of arthropods responded to traumatic experiences, such as failed predation and moulting complications. These specimens are therefore important for more thoroughly understanding the Paleozoic predator-prey systems that involved trilobites. To expand the record of injured trilobites, we present new examples of injured Ogygopsis klotzi and Olenoides serratus from the Campsite Cliff Shale Member of the Burgess Shale Formation (Cambrian, Miaolingian, Wuliuan), Paradoxides (Paradoxides) paradoxissimus gracilis from the Jince Formation (Cambrian, Miaolingian, Drumian), Ogygiocarella angustissima from the Llanfawr Mudstones Formation (Middle–Late Ordovician, Darriwilian–Sandbian), and Ogygiocarella debuchii from the Meadowtown Formation, (Middle–Late Ordovician, Darriwilian–Sandbian). We consider the possible origins of these malformations and conclude that most injuries reflect failed predation. Within this framework, possible predators are presented, and we uncover a marked shift in the diversity of animals that targeted trilobites in the Ordovician. We also collate other records of injured Ogygo. klotzi and Ol. serratus, and Ogygi. debuchii, highlighting that these species are targets for further understanding patterns and records of trilobite injuries.
Problem-cognitive task - instrumental resource of pedagogical design in increasing the quality of university education
Authors: Mykolayovich Mykola Kondrashov , Oleksandrivna Nataliia Chuvasova , Olegovich Mykhailo Chuvasov , Gennadyevna Katerina Kondrashova , Grigorievna Valentina Motorina , Valentynіvna Nataliia Volkova , Oleksandrivna Iryna Krasiuk
Published: October 2023

The article reveals the phenomenon of a problem-cognitive task as an instrumental resource of pedagogical design and a mechanism for improving the quality of training future teachers for professional activities; a program of experiential learning based on the principles of a problem-based approach, pedagogical conditions that ensure its effectiveness, and experimental verification of the productivity of the methodology and technology for using a problem-cognitive task in the educational process of higher education. The basis of the obsession with experiential learning was the "Workshop for solving problem-cognitive tasks", which provides for the development and consolidation of future teachers' skills: to analyze the conditions and requirements of the task; draw up a plan for its solution; to structure the model of the task-problem situation; apply general logical and general subject methods, heuristic methods for solving problem-cognitive tasks; analyze and evaluate the results.
Versatility of Radial Forearm Free Flap in Reconstruction of different Defects: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mishra Rojalin , Mohanty Rasmi Ranjan , Nayak Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The Radial Forearm Free Flap (RFFF) is a commonly used flap for soft tissue reconstruction, offering several advantages despite sacrificing the radial artery in the forearm. Understanding the anatomy of radial artery perforators, including their distribution, territory, and flow is crucial for reliable and safe flap harvest and design. Aim: To describe the versatility and applications of RFFF in reconstructing defects in various body parts. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, between January 2019 and January 2021, on 39 cases (age group: 20-70 years) who underwent RFFF. RFFF was utilised for reconstruction of the lip, palate, buccal mucosa, tongue, foot, nose, and phallus. Preoperative evaluation included assessing the vascular status of the non dominant hand using the Allen’s test. Results: RFFF was used for postcancer resection reconstruction in 11 cases of buccal mucosa (28.2%), 7 cases of the lip (17.9%), 6 cases of the tongue (15.3%), 2 cases of the palate (5.1%), 2 cases of phallus reconstruction (5.1%), 1 case of post-traumatic nose defect, and 1 case of 1st web space of the hand (2.5%). In 26 cases of postcarcinoma resection reconstruction, RFFF was used for buccal mucosa, lip, tongue, and palate. The patients were followed up for 2-8 months. Conclusion: RFFF fulfills most of the anatomical prerequisites for an ideal flap, providing a microvascular reconstructive option for patients with large defects in the head and neck, foot and ankle, and phallus. It exhibits a high success rate, good aesthetic and functional outcomes, allowing for the reconstruction of various defects. This study confirms the reliability of the radial free flap as a method for reconstructive surgery.
Studying the Potential of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized from Staphylococcus aureus against Drug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Hussain Syed Bilal , Fatima Maryam , Aslam Asad , Noor Sadaf , Zubair Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have gained a lot of interest due to their tendency to combat various bacterial strains, making them potential candidates against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Green synthesis of CuNPs eradicates the potential drawbacks of other traditional methods such as high cost, toxic chemicals and adverse conditions. The objectives of current study include the preparation of CuNPs from the culture supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus and the analysis of antibacterial potential of prepared CuNPs. The synthesis of CuNPs from the culture supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus was carried out under various optimization conditions including pH, temperature, incubation time, and concentration of salt. This research study focuses on the preparation of fine and well defined CuNPs by the reduction of Cu2+ ions using the culture supernatant of clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus as the feasible and cost effective method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized through various techniques including Ultraviolet Visible Spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering and Scanning electron microscopy. The prepared copper nanoparticles were studied for their antibacterial potential by the Agar Well Method against drug resistant and drug sensitive bacteria. The surface plasmon resonance of copper nanoparticles was maximum around the visible range wavelength of 380 nm which is the characteristic absorbance peak of copper nanoparticles while the dynamic light scattering analysis recorded the maximum percentage intensity of particle size distribution around 295 nm. SEM analysis showed the amorphous nature of particles with no distinct size and shape. CuNPs showed significant antibacterial potential against drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium with 29mm zone of inhibition and against drug sensitive Bacillus subtillis with 25mm zone of inhibition. The antibacterial potential of copper nanoparticles was found to be appreciable against drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Effect of Marijuana on Some Cardiac Biomarkers among Smokers in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Sado J. , Salawu A. A. , Mosaku S. K. , Oloyede T. W. , Ojedokun S. A.
Published: October 2023

Background: Marijuana is the oldest and one of the most widely used illicit drugs, the clinical and pharmacological effects of cannabinoids have been recently studied, with much still unknown about the physiologic and pathologic effects. This study aimed to evaluate its cardiovascular effect using some cardiac makers among smokers in Nigeria.

Methods: The study was a comparative design conducted among eighty-eight test and control subjects. Venous blood was collected for AST, LDH and CK-MB. Biodata was obtained via questionnaires with anthropometric and blood pressure measures. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and a significant level was taken at p<0.05.

Results: There was a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of subjects who use marijuana as observed from earlier studies. There was a significant increase in the levels of these enzymes in marijuana users as compared to non-smokers.

Conclusion: The increase in these cardiac bio-markers, though heralds the pathologic effect of the use of marijuana on the heart, will be most convincing to assay more cardiac markers such as troponin T to buttress these findings.
Impact of Kisan Credit Card Scheme on Farmers in Kannauj District of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gopal Supragya Krishan , Mazhar Syed H.
Published: October 2023

Capital is the most important input in any sector in any country, and agriculture is no exception. The agricultural sector's performance and productivity are determined by the availability of capital for farming activities. As a result, the agriculture sector requires support or credit in order to grow and survive. Agriculture credit is desperately needed to improve the agricultural sector's performance and production.  Before financial reforms, the main source of agriculture credit was non-institutional sources i.e. Sahukars, Mahajanas, Moneylenders etc. and they were providing credit facility to farmer households at very high interest rates. The study was carried out in purposively selected district of Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh. The present study has made an attempt to study as the Kisan Credit Card Scheme is being implemented in the district as well as the researcher is well acquainted with the area. 158 beneficiaries and 158 non-beneficiaries were selected randomly for the current study. The main objective of present study is to investigate the challenges and issues in the adoption of Kisan credit card scheme by farmer households and how much this scheme succeed in resolving the previous issues and challenges. Credit availability for agricultural activities is the crucial input for improving the performance and productivity of the agriculture sector. The research aims to find out the sources of finance before and after the adoption of KCC Scheme opted by farmer households for availing the credit to fulfill the capital requirement of agriculture and allied activities. The analysis demonstrates a considerable favorable change in recipients' preferred source of credit following the implementation of the KCC scheme. Following the implementation of the KCC Scheme, the beneficiaries' credit sources moved from non-institutional to institutional. The Kisan Credit Card schemes revolutionized rural financing in India. This study will be extremely useful in determining the best way to distribute the KCC plan.
Effect of Mulching and Tillage Practices on Yield & Yield Attributs of Sorghum
Authors: Kumar K. Arun , Kumar Y. S. Satish , Prabhakar K. , Jayalakshmi M. , Babu K. Satish , Vishnuvardhan K. Mohan , Rao ESV Narayana
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of mulching and tillage practices on  yield & yield attributs of sorghum at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Andhra Pradesh during 2020-21 & 2021-22 Kharif seasons. Mulching, Tillage practices and their interaction showed no significant influence on growth parameters viz., plant height and dry matter production at harvest, days to 50 % population. Whereas, panicle weight, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were significantly higher with zero tillage and with residue mulch. The interaction between tillage and mulch practices was non significant. Maximum gross and net returns were observed with zero tillage with residue mulch practice in grain sorghum. The economic evaluation of mulching and tillage practices in sorghum crop revealed that maximum gross returns (Rs 1,18,659), net returns (Rs 78,579) and B:C ratio (2.96) were obtained with zero tillage practice with mulching practice.  The study indicated that tillage and mulching had significant effect on soil fertility and grain yield of sorghum crop.
Rapeseed-Mustard Farming in Begusarai, Bihar, India: A Holistic Exploration of Growth, Economic Viability, and Hindrances
Authors: Rathour Sachin , Kumari Meera , Anil Gawhare Atul
Published: October 2023

The present study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the rapeseed-mustard sector's economic dynamics in India, with a focus on Bihar's Begusarai district. The study has been carried out with the objectives of analyzing the trend in area, production and productivity along with the cost and return from rapeseed-mustard production. Further the constraints faced by the famers were also documented and ranked. Primary data was collected from 120 rapeseed-mustard growers of District from a cluster of three villages each from two blocks through SRSWOR Technique and secondary data were collected from different published sources. A negative growth rate (CGR) in area (-0.05%) was observed while the growth in production and productivity of Rapeseed-Mustard during 1998-99 to 2018-19 in Bihar was positive and significant. Districts wise analysis in entire period together there was positive Growth in the area, production and productivity. The average cost of cultivation per hectare was ₹ 63,873.1, while the gross income stood at ₹ 83,746.92, yielding a favourable return-to-cost ratio of 1:1.39, implying that rapeseed–mustard fetched an additional return of 39 paisa on each rupee spent. Primary constraints identified included the absence of high-quality seed varieties and elevated transportation expenses, both warranting attentions. To bolster the future of rapeseed-mustard, widespread dissemination of advanced farming techniques and the establishment of processing facilities among smallholders is recommended.
Influence of Maternal Contact on Hormonal, Growth, and Behavioral Responses of Murrah Buffalo Calves in Winter
Authors: Singh Nripendra Pratap , Kamboj M. L.
Published: October 2023

Aims: The study was conducted to reveal the effect of calf-mother contact and ameliorative measures on cortisol, growth rate and behaviour of Murrah Buffalo calves during the winter season.

Place and Duration of Study: Livestock Research Centre (LRC) of ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, India and between November 2021 to February 2022.

Methodology: A total of 21 advanced-pregnant Murrah buffaloes were carefully chosen and the buffalo-calf pairs were divided into three treatment groups, each consisting of 7 pairs. In the first group (T0), the Murrah buffalo mothers were permitted to nurse their calves with colostrum and later milk twice a day. In the second group (T1), the buffalo mothers had direct contact with their calves during the first five days, allowing free-choice colostrum suckling. Afterward, they were housed near their calves, separated by a fence line. These buffalo mothers were allowed to nurse their calves twice a day, following a similar routine as the T0 group. In the third group (T2), all conditions were similar to those of the T1 group, a notable distinction was that the calves in the T2 group were provided with halogen lights in the shed.

Results: Minimum temperature in T2 shed was significantly (p <0.05) higher than that in T0 and T1 shed. The mean cortisol level of T1 (6.64±0.71 ng/mL) and T2 (6.21±0.67 ng/mL) was significantly lower (P<0.05) as compared to T0 (7.88±0.70 ng/mL) group of calves. The findings indicated that within the experimental calf groups, both T2 and T1 exhibited higher (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) compared to the T0 group basis every week. Moreover, calves in T2 and T1 spent significantly (P<0.05) more time resting, eating, and engaging in rumination compared to the calves in the T0 group.

Conclusion: The findings show that offering fenceline mother-calf contact can reduces stress and enhances growth, behavior, and welfare of calves more effectively than calves with restricted contact during winter season.
Effect of Irrigation, Phosphorous and Potassium Application on Root Traits, Soil Microbial Growth and Physiology of Green Gram
Authors: Jena Jnanaranjan , Layek Makar , Nandi Ramprosad , Santra Gour Hari , Sahu Gayatri
Published: October 2023

Aims: To manage the implication of irrigation water at different growth stages coupled with basal phosphorus and foliar potassium application targeting to reduce water stress.

Study Design:  Split split-plot design.

Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Research Station, Chatabar, Odisha. India, during 2022-2023 cropping season.

Methodology: Three irrigation treatments in main plots (I1, I2 and I3) - I1 included three irrigations at vegetative, flowering and pod formation periods, I2 skipped one irrigation at pod formation and I3 skipped at flowering. Sub-plot consisted of phosphorus fertilizer treatments (P1, P2 and P3) providing 100, 85 and 115% recommended dose of P. In sub sub-plots- 2% foliar spray of KCl at vegetative and flower initiation periods. The parameters recorded soil moisture depletion, root traits, microbiological parameters, plant physiological parameters and grain yield.

Results: The depletion of soil moisture increased with crop growth; I3 depleted at a maximum rate (4.5 mm d-1) followed by I2 (4.1 mm d-1). The enhanced availability of root zone soil moisture improved microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). The I1 improved the maximum root tips, forks and crossings; while I3 reduced an overall of 131% of the root traits than I1. The crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) were also improved according to soil moisture availability; however, I2 merely decreased 8 and 13% in CGR and LAI as compared to I1. P3 improved the maximum of the soil microbiology (MBC and DHA), root improvement and plant physiology. I1P3 produced the highest grain yield of 9.06 q ha-1, although, I2P3 produced was just 7% lower than I1P1.

Conclusion: The application of three irrigation produced maximum grain yield; while the skipping of one irrigation at pod formation stage with 15% higher P application could provide satisfactory yield where availability of irrigation water is limited.
Response of Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn Plants in Rainfed Land to Providing Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Bamboo Roots
Authors: Ramayana Syamad , Sulaminingsih  , Paramita Reni
Published: October 2023

Sweet Corn is an important food crop that functions as a source of food, feed, and industrial raw materials. Efforts to increase corn production require technological input to increase yields and be environmentally friendly. One way is by using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). This research aims to determine the response of growth and yield of sweet corn plants on rainfed land to the application of PGPR bamboo root plants and to determine the appropriate PGPR concentration for the growth and yield of sweet corn plants. This research was carried out from February to June 2020 in Rantau Panjang, Sambaliung District, Berau Regency. East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The research used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) consisting of 6 treatments of bamboo root PGPR concentration, namely treatment: p0 = control; p1 = 5.0 ml l-1 water; p2 = 7.5 ml l-1 water; p3 = 10.0 ml l-1 water; p4 = 12.5 ml l-1 water; and p5 = 15.0 ml l-1 water. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The results of the research showed that: (1) The responses of cob diameter and cob production were significantly different, while the responses of plant height, number of leaves, age at flowering, cob length, and number of rows of seeds per cob were not significantly different to PGPR treatments; and (2) Giving PGPR with a concentration of 10 ml l-1 water (p3) resulted in high cob production, namely 12.80 Mg ha-1.
Epidemiology and Prevalence of HBsAg in the Student Population of the Higher Institute of Technology of Mamou, Republic of Guinea
Authors: Barry Alpha Arsida , Souare Mamadou Lamarana , Camara Taliby Dos , Keita Oumar , Faye Oumar , Sagno Siba , Koulibaly Tamadjan , Camara Magan
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Due to its frequency, complications and socio-economic consequences, hepatitis B constitutes an international public health problem comparable to that posed by other communicable diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. Sub-Saharan Africa, with a prevalence rate between 8 and 18%, is a highly endemic region.

Objective: To help protect the health of students through awareness and screening for the hepatitis B virus.

Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive longitudinal study which lasted one month, from February 15 to March 15, 2023.

Results: Among the 200 students screened for the hepatitis B virus, men were more represented (80.50%) than women (19.50%), with a m/f sex ratio of 4.12 in favor of men. The 17-25 age group was the largest (77%), followed by the 26-33 age group (19.5%), the 34-41 age group (3%) and the 42+ age group (0.5%). 32% of students say they have good knowledge of the hepatitis B virus, compared to 68% who say they have little knowledge. The majority reported television as a source (75.5%), followed by radio (16%), school (4%), newspapers (2.5%) and social media (2%). The vast majority identified sexual transmission (89%), followed by blood (9.5%) and saliva (1.5%). In terms of risky practices, the majority of students identify prostitution (82.5%), followed by tattooing (9%), piercing (5%) and acupuncture (3.5%). Concerning knowledge of the hepatitis B vaccine, the majority of students (67.5%) say they do not know the vaccine against the hepatitis B virus, compared to 32.5% who say they know the vaccine. The HBV prevalence test showed 11% carriage compared to 89% negative tests. Transaminase tests on positive cases gave 63.63% normal ALT versus 36.36% elevated ALT; 72.72% normal AST versus 27.27% high AST. Carriage was higher in men (86.36%) than in women (13.63%). Single students were the most represented with 95.45%, compared to 4.55% for married students. Students from the Technical Laboratory and Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Departments were the most represented with 27.27% each. They were followed by those of the Biomedical Equipment Technology and Computer Engineering Departments with 18.18% each. Finally, the Energy Department was the least represented in this series with 9.09%.

Conclusion: This study showed that the hepatitis B virus is present at the Mamou Higher Institute of Technology. It is therefore important to introduce it into secondary school programs to improve knowledge of the hepatitis B virus in Guinea.
Perancangan Sistem Pengendalian Kualitas Di Perusahaan Besi Beton
Authors: Wahjudi Didik , Sutanto Nelson
Published: October 2023

Sebuah perusahaan penghasil besi beton menghadapi masalah kecacatan pada produk akhir dan tidak memiliki sistem pengendalian kualitas yang baik dan terstruktur. Hal ini menyebabkan menurunnya kepuasan pelanggan akibat tingginya kecacatan pada besi beton.  Penelitian ini inging mengurangi kecacatan dengan memakai seven quality tools dan failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) serta merancang sistem pengendalian kualitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setelah melakukan implementasi pengendalian kualitas, kecacatan besi beton di proses kritis dapat diminimalisir. Proses roughing mill mengalami penurunan kecacatan sebesar 37.98%, sedangkan pada proses intermediate mill mengalami penurunan kecacatan sebesar 38.20%. Faktor penyebab utama terjadinya produk cacat adalah Faktor mesin (tidak dilakukan perawatan secara berkala), kemudian diikuti faktor manusia, faktor metode dan faktor material sebagai penyebab lain yang dapat menimbulkan kecacatan pada besi beton.
Perencanaan Transmisi Mekanik Roda Gigi dan Generator Turbin Vorteks PLTMH
Authors: Ardi Hanni Maksum , Fahmi Mokhamad Munir , Setiawan Dibyo , Efendi Muhammad Yusup
Published: October 2023

Isu transisi energi menarik perhatian masyarakat global dengan upaya untuk konservasi energi di masa depan dan menjaga keberlangsungan ekosistem makhluk hidup. Transisi energi adalah proses konversi sumber energi berbasis fosil menjadi penggunaan energi bersih dan ramah lingkungan seperti panel surya, air, panas bumi, dan angin. Upaya Indonesia dalam upaya menjalankan transisi energi bersih, Solusi pemanfaatan dengan penerapan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro pada Turbin vorteks menjadi energi listrik dengan unit generator. Turbin vorteks memiliki kebutuhan head rendah. Konstruksi fisik turbin vorteks sudah tersedia di laboratorium, selanjutnya di susun perencanaan transmisi, roda gigi dan generator. Tujuan kegiatan ini menyusun perencanaan transmisi mekanik pada turbin vortex berupa roda gigi dan generator. Metodologi menggunakan pendekatan rancangan teknis baik mengacu standard perencanaan komponen elemen mesin maupun literasi jurnal yang telah dilakukan beberapa peneliti, hal tersebut diterapkan pada rancangan desain transmisi roda gigi dan generator. Hasil rancangan diperoleh daya rencana pembangkit sebesar 1500watt dengan putaran 250rpm, dari daya dan putaran tersebut, direncanakan transmisi roda gigi dan generator dengan hasil sebagai berikut: transmisi yang digunakan antara lain poros dimensi ⌀52 mm x 100 mm, kopling cakar tipe SX095. Roda gigi payung BG 134 S R2 Scheme 30 dengan rasio putaran 1:2. Puli yang terhubung dengan roda gigi dengan kode A127 dan puli yang tehubung dengan generator dengan kode A63,5. Puli di sambung dengan sabuk tipe V kode A44.
Pengaruh Flowrate dan Diameter Exit Nozzle terhadap Kemampuan Vacuum Pada Ejector Pump
Authors: Anggono Willyanto , Febrian Ronaldo , Hernando Ivan Christian , Sutrisno Teng
Published: October 2023

Ejector pump merupakan salah satu jenis alat/mesin fluida yang banyak digunakan di penindustrian yang membutuhkan fluida bertekanan tinggi. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penggunaan ejector adalah kemampuan hisap yang tinggi pada secondary flow (inlet suction flow). Bagian bagian utama pada ejector adalah nozzle, secondary flow/inlet suction flow, ruang pencampuran dan diffuser. Adapun faktor lain yang berpengaruh dalam kemampuan hisap ejector dalam menvakum/menghisap yaitu, flowrate dan diameter exit nozzle pada primary flow (injection motive fluid). Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh seberapa besar pengaruh yang diberikan dari perbedaan ukuran atau level pada primary flow, meliputi flowrate sebesar15 L/min, 20 L/min dan 25 L/min, dan diameter exit nozzle 5 mm, 6, mm dan 7mm terhadap pressure vacuum dan flowrate vacuum pada secondary flow. Penelitian ini dilakakukan secara langsung dengan menggunakan ejector pump. Hasil dari pengujian ini menujukan bahwa flowrate (25 L/min) menghasilkan flowrate vacuum dan pressure vacuum paling besar. Kemudian diameter exit nozzle 7 mm menghasilkan flowrate vacuum paling besar dan diameter exit nozzle 5 mm menghasilkan pressure vacuum paling besar.
Explaining the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals Ruling on Mifepristone Access
Authors: Meegan Molly A.
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint summarizes the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling on access to mifepristone, the first of 2 pills used in medication abortion.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Screened for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Karmouta Reem , Strawbridge Jason C. , Langston Seth , Altendahl Marie , Khitri Monica , Chu Alison , Tsui Irena
Published: October 2023

Importance

Preterm infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are at risk for heterogenous neurodevelopment outcomes that are difficult to predict.

Objective

To characterize the potential association between socioeconomic and clinical risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes in a diverse, multicenter cohort of premature neonates screened for ROP.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records and US Census Bureau income data. This study was performed at academic (University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] Mattel Children’s Hospital and UCLA Santa Monica Hospital), community (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center), and LA county (Harbor-UCLA Medical Center) neonatal intensive care units. Participants included infants who met American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for ROP screening and had records from at least 1 Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) neurodevelopment assessment between 0 and 36 months of adjusted age. Data analyses were conducted from January 1, 2011, to September 1, 2022.

Exposures

Demographic and clinical information, proxy household income, and health insurance type were collected as risk factors.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in the cognitive, language, and motor domains measured via BSID were the primary outcomes.

Results

A total of 706 infants (mean [SD] age, 28.6 [2.4] weeks; 375 male [53.1%]) met inclusion criteria. In a multivariable model, which included adjustments for birth weight, sex, insurance type, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and age at assessment, public health insurance was associated with a 4-fold increased risk of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in cognitive and language domains (cognitive, odds ratio [OR], 3.65; 95% CI, 2.28-5.86; P = 8.1 × 10−8; language, OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.61-6.02; P = 1.0 × 10−10) and a 3-fold increased risk in the motor domain (motor, OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.59-4.24; P = 1.4 × 10−4). In this adjusted model, clinical factors that were associated with an increased risk of moderate to severe NDI included lower birth weight, diagnosis of IVH, male sex, and older age at time of Bayley assessment. In unadjusted analyses, infants who received either laser or anti-VEGF treatment, compared with infants without treatment-requiring ROP, had lower BSID scores in multiple domains at 0 to 12 months, 12 to 24 months, and 24 to 36 months (DATA). In the multivariable model, treatment type was no longer associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes in any domain.

Conclusions and Relevance

Study results suggest an association between public insurance type and NDI in a diverse population screened for ROP, indicating the complexities of neurodevelopment. This study also supports the early neurodevelopmental safety of anti-VEGF treatment, as anti-VEGF therapy was not found to be independently associated with worse NDI in any domain.
Pediatric Patient With Persistent Postoperative Fevers After Esophageal Foreign Body Removal
Authors: Alsayegh Raihanah , Hudson Thomas , Gurberg Joshua
Published: October 2023

A healthy teenager presented to the emergency department with high-grade fever, neck pain, and a foreign body sensation in the throat after eating chicken 3 days prior. What is your diagnosis?
Toll‐like receptor 9 signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell lines
Authors: Meloni Miriam , Sana Ilenia , Mantione Maria Elena , Riba Michela , Muzio Marta
Published: October 2023

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a prototypic neoplasia in which malignant cells strongly depend on microenvironmental stimulations in the lymphoid tissues where they accumulate; leukemic cells are exposed to interaction with bystander and accessory cells, as well as inflammatory soluble mediators. Cell lines are frequently used to model the pathobiology of this disease; however, they do not always recapitulate leukemic cell growth and response to stimulation, and no data are available on Toll‐like receptors (TLR) signaling in CLL cell lines. To address this gap, we analyzed HG3, MEC2, and PCL12 cell lines, before and after CpG stimulation, by RNA‐sequencing followed by bioinformatic analyses and validation experiments. We identified NFKBIZ mRNA and the corresponding IkBz protein as robust markers of TLR9 activation in both MEC2 and PCL12, but not in HG3 cells. Next, we compared our current results with previous results obtained with primary CLL patient samples and were able to conclude that MEC2 is most similar to the patients' cells in terms of global responsiveness to TLR stimulation; in particular, MEC2 better resembles the samples of patients, as it is characterized by high expression levels of IkBz, but with a lower number of genes regulated.
Factors Associated With Diagnostic Delay in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Impact of Clinical Factors and Social Vulnerability
Authors: McDermott Gregory C. , Monshizadeh Armaan , Selzer Faith , Zhao Sizheng S. , Ermann Joerg , Katz Jeffrey N.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) often experience significant delay between symptom onset and diagnosis for reasons that are incompletely understood. We investigated associations between demographic, medical, and socioeconomic factors and axSpA diagnostic delay.

Methods

We identified patients meeting modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or 2009 Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society criteria for axSpA in the Mass General Brigham health care system between December 1990 and October 2021. We determined the duration of diagnostic delay, defined as the duration of back pain symptoms reported at diagnosis, as well as disease manifestations and specialty care prior to diagnosis from the electronic health record. We obtained each patient's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) by mapping their address to the US Centers for Disease Control SVI Atlas. We examined associations among disease manifestations, SVI, and diagnostic delay using ordinal logistic regression.

Results

Among 554 patients with axSpA who had a median diagnostic delay of 3.8 years (interquartile range 1.1–10), peripheral arthritis (odds ratio [OR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–0.93) and older age at symptom onset (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.78–0.88 per five years) were associated with shorter delay. AS at diagnosis (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.30–2.63), a history of uveitis prior to diagnosis (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.73–4.52), and higher social vulnerability (defined as national SVI 80th to 99th percentiles; OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.06–3.84) were associated with longer diagnostic delay.

Conclusion

Older age at back pain onset and peripheral arthritis were associated with shorter delay, whereas uveitis was associated with longer diagnostic delay. Patients with higher socioeconomic vulnerability had longer diagnostic delay independent of clinical factors.
Influence of Organic Spacer Cation on Dark Excitons in 2D Perovskites
Authors: Bailey Christopher G. , Gillan Lara V. , Lee Minwoo , Sloane Nicholas , Liu Xu , Hao Xiaojing , Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , McCamey Dane R.
Published: October 2023

The organic spacer cation plays a crucial role in determining the exciton fine structure in 2D perovskites. Here, magneto‐optical spectroscopy is used to gain insight into the influence of the organic spacer on dark excitons in Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites. Using modest magnetic field strengths (<1.5 T), the optically forbidden dark exciton state can be identified and its emission properties significantly modulated via application of in‐plane magnetic fields, up to temperatures of 15 K. At low temperatures, an increase in collected photoluminescence efficiency of >30% is demonstrated, signifying the critical role of the dark exciton state for light‐emitting applications of 2D perovskites. The exciton fine structure and the degree of magnetic‐field‐induced mixing are significantly impacted by the choice of organic spacer cation, with 4–methoxyphenylethylammonium (MeO‐PEA) showing the largest effect due to larger bright–dark exciton splitting. This study distinguishes between interior (bulk) and surface dark‐exciton emission, showing that bright–dark exciton splitting differs between the interior and surface. The results emphasize the significance of the organic spacer cation in controlling the exciton fine structure in 2D perovskites and have important implications for the development of optoelectronic technology based on 2D perovskites.
Impact of Anodic Oxidation Reactions in the Performance Evaluation of High‐Rate CO2/CO Electrolysis
Authors: Xu Qiucheng , Liu Sihang , Longhin Francesco , Kastlunger Georg , Chorkendorff Ib , Seger Brian
Published: October 2023

The membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA) approach appears to be the most promising technique to realize the high‐rate CO2/CO electrolysis, however there are major challenges related to the crossover of ions and liquid products from cathode to anode via the membrane and the concomitant anodic oxidation reactions (AORs). In this perspective, by combining experimental and theoretical analyses, several impacts of anodic oxidation of liquid products in terms of performance evaluation are investigated. First, the crossover behavior of several typical liquid products through an anion‐exchange membrane is analyzed. Subsequently, two instructive examples (introducing formate or ethanol oxidation during electrolysis) reveals that the dynamic change of the anolyte (i.e., pH and composition) not only brings a slight shift of anodic potentials (i.e., change of competing reactions), but also affects the chemical stability of the anode catalyst. Anodic oxidation of liquid products can also cause either over‐ or under‐estimation of the Faradaic efficiency, leading to an inaccurate assessment of overall performance. To comprehensively understand fundamentals of AORs, a theoretical guideline with hierarchical indicators is further developed to predict and regulate the possible AORs in an electrolyzer. The perspective concludes by giving some suggestions on rigorous performance evaluations for high‐rate CO2/CO electrolysis in an MEA‐based setup.
Diagnosing the Electrostatic Shielding Mechanism for Dendrite Suppression in Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Yuan Yi , Pu Shengda D. , Pérez‐Osorio Miguel A. , Li Zixuan , Zhang Shengming , Yang Sixie , Liu Boyang , Gong Chen , Menon Ashok S. , Piper Louis F. J. , Gao Xiangwen , Bruce Peter G. , Robertson Alex W.
Published: October 2023

Aqueous zinc electrolytes offer the potential for cheaper rechargeable batteries due to their safe compatibility with the high capacity metal anode; yet, they are stymied by irregular zinc deposition and consequent dendrite growth. Suppressing dendrite formation by tailoring the electrolyte is a proven approach from lithium batteries; yet, the underlying mechanistic understanding that guides such tailoring does not necessarily directly translate from one system to the other. Here, it is shown that the electrostatic shielding mechanism, a fundamental concept in electrolyte engineering for stable metal anodes, has different consequences for the plating morphology in aqueous zinc batteries. Operando electrochemical transmission electron microscopy is used to directly observe the zinc nucleation and growth under different electrolyte compositions and reveal that electrostatic shielding additive suppresses dendrites by inhibiting secondary zinc nucleation along the (100) edges of existing primary deposits and encouraging preferential deposition on the (002) faces, leading to a dense and block‐like zinc morphology. The strong influence of the crystallography of Zn on the electrostatic shielding mechanism is further confirmed with Zn||Ti cells and density functional theory modeling. This work demonstrates the importance of considering the unique aspects of the aqueous zinc battery system when using concepts from other battery chemistries.