bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absence or Singular Specificity of Carotenoids in Some Lower Fishes
Authors: Fox Denis L. , Crozier George F.
Published: October 2006

No colored carotenoids were recovered from the scales or liver of the coelacanth,
Latimeria chalumnae
, or from skin, immature eggs, or liver of the Pacific hagfish,
Eptatretus stoutii
. Zeaxanthin, present as esters in the skin and largely unesterified in the liver, was the only carotenoid identified in the thornback ray,
Platyrhinoidis triseriata
, and in the horned shark,
Heterodontus francisci
, whereas the skin of the Pacific mako shark,
Isurus glaucus
, yielded no carotenoids.
Elevation in Brain Temperature during Paradoxical Sleep
Authors: Kawamura Hiroshi , Sawyer Charles H.
Published: October 2006

During ordinary sleep, the temperature of the rabbit brain tended to drop, but during paradoxical sleep it rose sharply 0.1° to 0.4°C, a greater elevation than was observed during arousal. Changes in body temperature generally did not parallel the alterations in brain temperature. Shifts of direct-current potential in the brain are basically independent of the changes in brain temperature.
Mars: Compatible Determinations of Surface Pressure through Particle Scattering
Authors: Greenspan J. A.
Published: October 2006

The number of scattering particles required to bring the visual polarimetric and ultraviolet photometric estimates of the surface pressure of Mars into agreement are calculated. Concentrations of 10
8
to 10
9
ice particles, 0.2 micron in diameter, per square-centimeter column are obtained. Based on concentrations of Aitken nuclei in the atmosphere of Earth, a layer less than 100 meters thick would contain the required number of particles. The compatible pressures obtained in this manner for various N
2
-CO
2
and Ar-CO
2
atmospheric models lie within the range of pressures determined spectroscopically.
Allograft Survival: Effect of Antiserums to Thymus Glands and Lymphocytes
Authors: Nagaya Hiroshi , Sieker Herbert O.
Published: October 2006

Although antiserums to lymphocytes and thymus cells have similar effects on lymphocytes and thymocytes in vitro, the antiserum to thymus has more persistent lymphopenic effect in vivo and prolongs allograft survival time more markedly. Since only thymus glands of animals treated with antiserum to thymus showed depletion of small lymphocytes, antibody to thymic humoral factor may be operational.
Amino Acid Changes Provoked by Streptomycin in a Polypeptide Synthesized in vitro
Authors: Old David , Gorini Luigi
Published: October 2006

The misincorporation of isoleucine provoked by streptomycin in a polyuridylate-directed incorporating system from
Escherichia coli
has been examined by a double-labeling technique with phenylalanine-
3
H and isoleucine-
14
C. The polypeptides synthesized are associated with 70
S
ribosomes and contain only phenylalanine in the absence of streptomycin, and both phenylalanine and isoleucine in the presence of the antibiotic. Results of acid hydrolysis and subsequent chymotryptic digestion of the polypeptides indicate that the misincorporated amino acid is inserted by peptide bonding with phenylalanine and is randomly distributed along the chain.
Active Transport of 5,5-Dimethyl-2,4-Oxazolidinedione
Authors: Dietschy John M. , Carter Norman W.
Published: October 2006

5,5-Dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedinedione, a substance commonly used to estimate intracellular
p
H, moves against both a concentration gradient and a hydrogen-ion gradient in the everted gut sac. Furthermore, the value of the flux ratio for this substance under conditions of zero electrochemical potential across the bowel wall unequivocally demonstrates active transport.
Rabbit 19
S
Antibodies with Allotypic Specificities of the
a
-Locus Group
Authors: Stemke G. W. , Fischer R. J.
Published: October 2006

Activity of bacteriophage T4 neutralizing antiserums obtained 8 days after a primary immunization of rabbits with purified phage T4 is due to antibodies of the 19
S
(IgM) type. This neutralizing activity could be partially inhibited by treatment with excess antiserum directed against the a-locus group allotypic specificity carried by the whole rabbit serum.
DNA-Dependent Synthesis of RNA Is Not Implicated in Growth Response of Chick Comb to Androgens
Authors: Talwar G. P. , Modi S. , Rao K. N.
Published: October 2006

Local application of actinomycin D does not detectably modify growth response of the chick comb to androgens. The mode of action of androgens on chick comb (a connective-tissue organ) appears to differ from their action on epithelial-tissue organs such as seminal vesicles and prostate.
Color Vision in the Antelope Ground Squirrel
Authors: Crescitelli Frederick , Pollack Joan Diehl
Published: October 2006

Antelope ground squirrels (
Citellus leucurus
) were able, after conditioning, to respond correctly to a port illuminated with light at a wavelength of 460 nanometers. This color randomly presented at one of two positions, was correctly selected in reference to a second port illuminated with light at 500, 520, 569, and 600 nanometers, or with white light of varying intensity. Luminosity was not a factor in the discrimination.
Stress and the Toxicity of Venoms
Authors: Stahnke Herbert L.
Published: October 2006

Animals injected with venom of the scorpion
Centruroides sculpturatus
Ewing or venom of the rattlesnake
Crotalus atrox
Baird and Girard were subjected to high- and low-temperature stress. Unconditioned animals transferred to a modified temperature were less refractory to the venoms than those conditioned for 48 hours, but all animals stressed were less refractory than unstressed animals. Animals receiving a series of small doses of epinephrine were similarly affected. This apparent change in toxicity of the venoms seems to be due to the physiological effects of stress rather than to the temperature per se.
Parkinsonism: Electromyographic Studies of Monosynaptic Reflex
Authors: Ioku Masahiko , Ribera Victor A. , Cooper Irving S. , Matsouka Shigeata
Published: October 2006

Electromyographic studies of the monosynaptic reflex in 70 Parkinsonian patients and 12 normal subjects show four types of abnormal facilitation and recovery curves in the Parkinsonian group, types that correspond to variations in the clinical syndrome; Cryosurgical lesions in the ventro-lateral and ventro-postero-lateral nuclei of the thalamus restore essentially normal curves.
Airborne Particulates in Pittsburgh: Association with
p
,
p
′-DDT
Authors: Antommaria Phillip , Corn Morton , DeMaio Lawrence
Published: October 2006

The DDT associated with samples of airborne particulates was measured by gas chromatography. Because of possible vaporization of DDT during sampling, concentrations reported represent minimum values but demonstrate that DDT can be present in an urban atmosphere that is distant from any large-scale agricultural activity.
Fluorescence Quantum Yield Measurements: Vitamin B
6
Compounds
Authors: Chen Raymond F.
Published: October 2006

Quantum yields for pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxamine-5-phosphate at 25°C in neutral aqueous solution were 0.048, 0.11, and 0.14, respectively. The fluorescence efficiencies were highly temperature-dependent, and the compounds were extremely sensitive to light. There were marked discrepancies between the values obtained in this study for quantum yield and fluorescence polarization of pyridoxamine-5-phosphate and the values recently reported by others.
Classical Conditioning of Electric Organ Discharge Rate in Mormyrids
Authors: Mandriota Frank J. , Thompson Robert L. , Bennett M. V. L.
Published: October 2006

Weakly electric fish of the African family Mormyridae emit pulses at variable intervals with a distribution skewed toward longer intervals. Fourteen specimens of the genera
Mormyrops
,
Gnathonemus
, and
Marcusenius
were classically conditioned to increase briefly their discharge frequency. The unconditioned stimulus was electric shock and the conditioned stimulus was light. These results are novel in that the overt conditioned response involves neither secretion nor movement.
Autoradiography: Technique for Drastic Reduction of Exposure Time to Alpha Particles
Authors: Hsieh Jack J. C. , Hungate F. P. , Wilson S. A.
Published: October 2006

High-speed, gross, alpha autoradiographs can be made if silver-activated zinc sulfide is used as an intensifier in conjunction with high-speed film. The intensifier is interposed between the sample and film. This technique requires about 1/1000 of the exposure time required with Kodak NTB plates. The gross autoradiographs have greater contrast but slightly less resolution than conventional plates.
Properties of Bursicon: An Insect Protein Hormone That Controls Cuticular Tanning
Authors: Fraenkel G. , Hsiao Catherine , Seligman Morris
Published: October 2006

On gel filtration the retention volume of bursicon indicates a molecular weight of about 40,000. On disc electrophoresis bursicon migrates toward the anode and appears at an
R
F
(relative to the marker dye) of 0.3 to 0.4. The properties of fractions with bursicon activity in blood, brain, and ganglion of a fly (
Sarcophaga bullata
), and in blood, ganglion, and corpora cardiaca of a roach (
Periplaneta americana
) are similar, but not identical. Bursicon in the blood is more heat labile, and the activity in brain and corpora cardiaca shows two peaks in electrophoresis, instead of one as in the other fractions.
Artificial Reestablishment of the Lichen
Cladonia cristatella
Authors: Ahmadjian V.
Published: October 2006

Slow drying stimulated the artificial development of fruiting structures by
Cladonia cristatella
Tuck. Fructification of the fungal partner occurred in the absence of its algal symbiont. Only newly isolated mycobionts produced the reproductive structures. Soredia and squamules were formed in response to the joint effect of slow drying and nutrient-poor conditions.
Phenylketonuria in Rats: Reversibility of a Behavioral Deficit
Authors: Polidora V. J. , Cunningham Robert F. , Waisman Harry A.
Published: October 2006

Phenylketonuria was induced in hooded rats by the conventional procedure of feeding excessive quantities of L-phenylalanine after weaning. Although this procedure reliably induced large, dose-dependent deficits in performance on a water maze, the behavioral deficits were completely eliminated after cessation of phenylalanine loading. These results cast doubt on the assumption that this animal preparation adequately simulates the irreversible intellectual impairments found in the child with late-detected phenylketonuria.
Erratum: Wrong Man
Authors: Dyer F. C.
Published: October 2006

In my letter in the issue of 24 December ("Looking ahead," p. 1667), I erroneously made Klement Gottwald, instead of Walter Ulbricht, the protagonist of "a story popular in Germany (East and West) during the 1950's." I am indebted to Károly Balogh for reminding me that Gottwald was Ulbricht's Czech counterpart.
Mercury: Anomalous Absence from the 3.4-Millimeter Radio Emission of Variation with Phase
Authors: Epstein Eugene E.
Published: October 2006

Radio observations of Mercury at 3.4 millimeters from July to October 1965 showed, contrary to expectation, brightness temperatures of only about 200°K, even when major fractions of Mercury's illuminated hemisphere were observed. There was no significant variation with phase.
High-Speed, Time-Resolved Spectrum of a Lightning Stroke
Authors: Orville Richard E.
Published: October 2006

The first time-resolved spectrum of a return stroke between the cloud and ground has been obtained with a slitless spectrograph. The time for luminosity to rise from zero to its peak in a section of the channel is 10 microseconds or less, and the intense emission lines are attributed to singly ionized nitrogen atoms. Several faint lines persisting for approximately 150 microseconds are due to neutral nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
Transverse Gradient Electrophoresis: Protein Homogeneity Test and Subfractionation Technique
Authors: Dubbs Clyde A.
Published: October 2006

Electrophoresis of protein (including enzyme) was conducted in a gel medium across which, transverse to the direction of protein migration, a continuous
p
H gradient extends. Any splitting of a resultant trace for the change of protein mobility with
p
H suggests both protein heterogeneity and the
p
H conditions under which further purification and subfractionation may best be pursued.
Mitochondrial DNA in Yeast and Some Mammalian Species
Authors: Corneo Gianmarco , Moore Cyril , Sanadi D. Rao , Grossman Lawrence I. , Marmur Julius
Published: October 2006

Yeast DNA, in a cesium chloride density gradient, shows a minor or satellite band with a density lower than that of the main nuclear component. The DNA isolated from purified mitochondria of yeasts corresponds in density to this satellite band. In solution, this DNA more easily undergoes renaturation as compared to DNA from cell nuclei. The ease of this renaturation is presumably due to a homogeneity greater than that of nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA isolated from several mammalian species has the same or higher density than nuclear DNA, but differs in its ready renaturability.
Magnesium Pemoline: Enhancement of Brain RNA Polymerases
Authors: Glasky Alvin J. , Simon Lionel N.
Published: October 2006

The stimulation by magnesium pemoline of systems that synthesize brain nucleic acid was studied in vivo and in vitro. There are differential effects between true RNA polymerase and pseudo-RNA polymerase. The selective stimulation of true RNA polymerase by magnesium pemoline was not observed with stimulants of the central nervous system and psychotropic agents.
Magnesium Pemoline: Enhancement of Learning and Memory of a Conditioned Avoidance Response
Authors: Plotnikoff N.
Published: October 2006

Magnesium pemoline, a mild stimulant of the central nervous system, enhances the acquisition and retention of a conditioned avoidance response in rats. Methamphetamine and methylphenidate do not have this effect.
Unconditioned Response to Electric Shock: Mechanism in Planarians
Authors: Best Jay Boyd , Elshtain Errol
Published: October 2006

Some implications of a mathematical theory relating neuronal geometry to the parameters of excitation in unconditioned response of planarians to electric shock are experimentally verified. The regions and patterns of primary neural excitation depend on the relation between the distribution of neural sizes and the waveform of the electric stimulus.
Energy Balancing in
Nitella
Cells Treated with Dinitrophenol
Authors: Barr C. E. , Broyer T. C.
Published: October 2006

The toxic action of 2,4-dinitrophenol on the large cells of the alga,
Nitella clavata
, was evaluated, with the rate of protoplasmic streaming and the survival time at three light intensities used as criteria. At a sufficiently high intensity the cells survived several weeks, an indication that the energy-uncoupling action of dinitrophenol could be counterbalanced to some extent by an increased energy input. In the treated cells chloroplasts moved from the outer gel-type cytoplasm into the inner, streaming cytoplasm.
Mucopolysaccharides:
N
-Acetylglucosamine- and Galactose-6-Sulfates from Keratosulfate
Authors: Bhavanandan V. P. , Meyer Karl
Published: October 2006

Galactose-6-sulfate and
N
-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate were obtained pure from a partial acid hydrolyzate of corneal keratosulfate by paper chromatography and electrophoretic fractionation. These sugars were also present in hydrolyzates of skeletal keratosulfate. The distribution of the sulfate groups in the various keratosulfates might depend upon their source, and this distribution probably has important biological significance.
Rubella Virus: Growth and Cytopathic Effect in Primary Cultures of Cells of Rabbit Embryos
Authors: Reddick Anne , Roesel Catherine E.
Published: October 2006

Primary cultures of rabbit (New Zealand white) embryo cells support growth of rubella virus. Distinct cytopathic changes are discernible within 6 to 8 days after inoculation. This cell system has been successful for the recovery of rubella virus from clinical materials and the demonstration of neutralizing antibody in patient serum.
Autoradiography with Tritiated Methotrexate and the Cellular Distribution of Folate Reductase
Authors: Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew , Rogers Andrew W. , Barnard Eric A. , Wang Dau-Hsi , Werkheiser William C.
Published: October 2006

Bound methotrexate has been revealed by an autoradiographic procedure, presumed to introduce a method for cytochemical study of folate reductase. Preferential localization is seen in kidney proximal tubules, intestinal epithelium, and nuclei of parenchymal liver cells in mice. The extremely firm binding and prolonged retention of this drug should render it suitable as an inert label for the autoradiographic study of cell migrations and lifetimes.
Marking Single Neurons by Staining with Intracellular Recording Microelectrodes
Authors: Thomas R. C. , Wilson V. J.
Published: October 2006

Glass microelectrodes filled with a saturated solution of methyl blue or fast green in 1.0
M
potassium acetate can be used to mark penetrated neurons from which intracellular recordings have been made. Many cells can be marked in one experiment and can easily be located in subsequent histological sections.
Polymorphism in Pleistocene Land Snails
Authors: Owen D. F.
Published: October 2006

Under suitable conditions the colors and patterns of the shells of land snails may be preserved for thousands of years. In a late Pleistocene population of
Limicolaria martensiana
all the major color forms that occur in modern living snails may be distinguished, and the basic polymorphism is at least 8,000 to 10,000 year old.
Chromium-51 in Sea Water: Chemistry
Authors: Cutshall Norman , Johnson Vernon , Osterberg Charles
Published: October 2006

Chromium-51 introduced into the Pacific Ocean from the Columbia River remains in the hexavalent state. Analysis of this radionuclide in sea water by hydroxide coprecipitation with iron is best accomplished if the chromium-51 is first reduced to the trivalent state.
Iodoinsulin Used To Determine Specific Activity of Iodine-131
Authors: Berson Solomon A. , Yalow Rosalyn S.
Published: October 2006

Anodal mobility of iodoinsulin on starch-gel electrophoresis increases progressively as the number of iodine atoms substituted in the molecule increases. The iodine content of iodine-131 solutions is determined by comparison of autoradiographic patterns of insulin heavily labeled with iodine-131 and of insulins lightly labeled with iodine-131 and known quantities of iodine-127.
Density-Current Plumes
Authors: Mason David T.
Published: October 2006

Diurnal solar heating produces an unstable warm zone just off the bottom of the inshore regions of a salt lake. The warm water rises in plumes in which brine shrimp become entrapped through apparently negative photokinetic behavior. The plumes of concentrated shrimp resemble those composed of insects in air.
Shaping of the Continental Rise by Deep Geostrophic Contour Currents
Authors: Heezen Bruce C. , Hollister Charles D. , Ruddiman William F.
Published: October 2006

Geostrophic contour-following bottom currents involved in the deep thermohaline circulation of the world ocean appear to be the principal agents which control the shape of the continental rise and other sediment bodies.
Radiosensitization of X Chromosome of Chinese Hamster Cells Related to Incorporation of 5-Bromodeoxyuridine
Authors: Dewey W. C. , Sedita B. A. , Humphrey R. M.
Published: October 2006

Selective incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into the late replicating arm of the X chromosome of Chinese hamster cells cultured in vitro caused a selective radiosensitization of the arm to ionizing radiation. Radiation damage was observed as chromosomal aberrations, and incorporation was studied by using tritiated 5-bromodeoxyuridine.
Stratigraphy of the Wisconsin Range, Horlick Mountains, Antarctica
Authors: Minshew Velon H.
Published: October 2006

The Wisconsin Range consists of a basement complex of granitic and metamorphic rocks unconformably overlain by about 550 meters of Upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The base of the Upper Paleozoic succession is composed of the Buckeye formation, a tillite, which varies in thickness from 80 to more than 140 meters. Overlying the Buckeye formation are the Weaver and Queen Maud formations, with a combined thickness of about 455 meters, characterized by a prolific
Glossopteris
flora, indicative of a Permian age.
Enzyme Amplifier Kinetics
Authors: Levine Sumner N.
Published: October 2006

Enzyme amplifier systems have been implicated in such diverse physiological phenomena as vision and blood coagulation. Such systems are considered from a general point of view and the concept of steady state gain of the enzyme amplifier is introduced. Expressions for the latter are obtained, and several of the main factors influencing gain are discussed. The effect of the duration of the activation on the characteristics of the response is discussed, and the influence of small changes in the rate constants on the steady state gain is considered.
X-Ray Diffraction Study of Minerals from Shocked Iron Meteorites
Authors: Lipschutz M. E. , Jaeger R. R.
Published: October 2006

Diffraction analysis of minerals from iron meteorites indicates a pronounced shock-induced alteration in the minerals' crystallographic character. The extent of alteration seems to be dependent on the degree of shock and can therefore serve as a measure of shock intensity. The changes appear to be due to the minerals' direct recrystallization during passage of the shock wave.
Heme Stimulation of Globin Synthesis in a Cell Free System
Authors: Hammel Claire L. , Bessman Samuel P.
Published: October 2006

In a cell-free system of pigeon erythrocyte nuclei high concentrations of oxygen inhibit globin synthesis because of the inhibition of heme synthesis, which is required for globin synthesis. The effect of heme in overcoming the inhibition of globin synthesis by oxygen is manifested only during the first few minutes of incubation. This period represents the time during which the system is being warmed from 4° to 37°C. The effect of heme seems to be upon some initial assembly or structural process.
Virus-induced Murine Leukemia: Its Inhibition and Suppression by Serum Containing Erythropoietin
Authors: Stansly Philip G. , Schiop Pauline E.
Published: October 2006

Mice infected at 2 days of age with a virus that induces reticulum cell sarcoma and myeloerythroleukemia were treated with erythropoietin-containing serum obtained from rabbits that had been treated with acetylphenylhydrazine. A marked inhibition of tumor induction occurred, particularly in females, when treatment was begun early. Delayed treatment resulted in instances of regression of overt neoplasia.
Insect Aerodynamics: Vertical Sustaining Force in Near-Hovering Flight
Authors: Bennett Leon
Published: October 2006

The source of vertical sustaining force for large insects capable of near-hovering flight is unclear. Induced velocities of a simulation of the insect
Melolontha vulgaris
in forward flight were measured with a hot-wire anemometer. The results were negative with respect to the drag concept of vertical force, but provided certain support for the circulation concept. Unsteady effects (the effects of variant air velocity) proved significant.
Mammary Tumor Inhibition and Lung Adenoma Induction by Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide
Authors: Toth Bela , Shubik Philippe
Published: October 2006

The occurrence of mammary adenocarcinomas in C3H mice is largely inhibited by prolonged administration of 0.1 percent isonicotinic acid hydrazide in drinking water. At the same time that this compound produced the inhibitory action, it also increased the incidence of pulmonary adenomas.
Glaciated Appalachian Plateau: Till Shadows on Hills
Authors: Coates Donald R.
Published: October 2006

North slopes are twice as steep as south slopes on the hills of central New York. This asymmetry is caused by unequal till thickness—3.6 meters on north slopes and 27.6 meters on south slopes. Previous workers interpreted the hills as being of bedrock sculptured by glacial erosion, with till 0.9 to 3 meters thick.
NMR Determination of Residual Structure in a Urea-Denatured Protein, the 434-Repressor
Authors: Neri Dario , Billeter Martin , Wider Gerhard , Wüthrich Kurt
Published: October 2006

A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure determination is reported for the polypeptide chain of a globular protein in strongly denaturing solution. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements with a 7 molar urea solution of the amino-terminal 63-residue domain of the 434-repressor and distance geometry calculations showed that the polypeptide segment 54 to 59 forms a hydrophobic cluster containing the side chains of Val
54
, Val
56
, Trp
58
, and Leu
59
. This residual structure in the urea-unfolded protein is related to the corresponding region of the native, folded protein by simple rearrangements of the residues 58 to 60. Based on these observations a model for the early phase of refolding of the 434-repressor(1-63) is proposed.
Martian Wave of Darkening: A Frost Phenomenon?
Authors: Otterman Joseph , Bronner Finn E.
Published: October 2006

A new hypothesis attributes the Martian "wave of darkening" to soil frost phenomena. Diurnal thawing and freezing of the ground, which uses moisture transported by the atmosphere from the melting polar cap, can produce various minute, frost-heaved, soil surface features. These microrelief features result in a complex porous surface structure, which causes optical darkening. The boundary at which the wave of darkening terminates on the winter hemisphere correlates with the latitude at which the diurnal peak surface temperature drops below 0°C. The hypothesis is examined in terms of known properties of the Martian atmosphere and surface and the availability of water.
Precambrian Mollusc-like Fossils from Inyo County, California
Authors: Taylor Michael E.
Published: October 2006

Probable molluscan fossils have been discovered in the Reed Dolomite, White-Inyo Mountain area, Inyo County, California. They consist of small orthoconic shells with relatively large bilaterally symmetrical protoconch-like initial termini. Some individuals have a "U-shaped" (in transverse section) internal structure. The fossils occur at least 900 meters below the strata containing the earliest known olenellid trilobites and are therefore considered Precambrian.
Radiation Absorption between the Ultraviolet and X-ray Bands
Authors: Fano U.
Published: October 2006

The recent initial exploration of photoabsorption in a previously unmapped portion of the spectrum, photon energies between approximately 20 and 500 electron volts or wavelengths between 20 and 600 angstroms, is reviewed.
Shallow Structure of the Straits of Florida
Authors: Uchupi Elazar
Published: October 2006

Continuous seismic profiles of the Straits of Florida indicate that north of 26°30′N the trough was formed mainly by sediment upbuilding along the margins. South of this latitude the straits may be due in part to faulting.
Deep-Sea Authigenic Calcite and Dolomite
Authors: Bonatti Enrico
Published: October 2006

Crystals of calcite and, in one case, of dolomite up to 90 μm in size are dispersed in pelagic red clay at several sites on the floor of the South Pacific Ocean. They were analyzed by microscopic, x-ray diffraction, electron x-ray microprobe, and oxygen isotopic techniques. These carbonates are authigenic and were probably precipitated from hydrothermal solutions connected with deep-sea volcanic activity.
Biosynthesis of Gamma Globulin: Studies in a Cell-Free System
Authors: Stenzel Kurt H. , Rubin Albert L.
Published: October 2006

Incorporation of C
14
-amino acids into high-molecular-weight material precipitable by trichloroacetic acid indicates that microsomal cell-free systems, derived from spleens of immunized rabbits, are active in protein synthesis. Protein was made soluble by ultrasonic irradiation of the cell-free incubation mixtures, and low-molecular-weight materials were removed by dialysis and gel filtration. Chromatography and radio-immunoelectrophoresis of this soluble protein fraction reveal C
14
-labeled protein having several characteristics of gamma globulin.
Dieldrin: Interaction with Nerve Components of Cockroaches
Authors: Matsumura F. , Hayashi M.
Published: October 2006

We have evidence that the nerve components of the dieldrin-resistant German cockroach have less binding capacity for dieldrin than those of the susceptible cockroach; the highest interstrain difference was in the crude-nucleus fraction. The dieldrin-nerve complexes are not extracted by many organic solvents.
Magnesium in Sea Water: An Electrode Measurement
Authors: Thompson Mary E.
Published: October 2006

Magnesium ion in standard I.A.P.O. sea water was measured with a magnesium-sensitive electrode. The results, presented either as magnesium-ion activity (0.017) or as the amount of ionized magnesium (0.048
M
or about 90 percent of the total magnesium), agree well with the data from the chemical model for sea water proposed by Garrels and Thompson.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: Homologous Molecules in Deer Mouse and Man
Authors: Shaw Charles R.
Published: October 2006

Two forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, A and B, have been reported in deer mouse tissues. The B enzyme, which showed autosomally controlled polymorphism, is now found to be equally active toward glucose-6-phosphate and galactose-6-phosphate; the A enzyme is specific for the former. Human and horse livers also have two forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which exhibit the same substrate specifities as those in the deer mouse. A wide variety of electrophoretic patterns was seen in the human galactose-active enzyme.
Control of Somatosensory Input by Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Adkins R. J. , Morse R. W. , Towe A. L.
Published: October 2006

Direct stimulation of the pyramidal tract increases the size of the excitatory receptive fields of neurons in the somatosensory cortex of the cat. This effect reflects greater transmission of cutaneous information through the dorsal column nuclei as a result of the facilitation of cells in these nuclei by pyramidal tract fibers.
Late Pleistocene Vegetation and Degree of Pluvial Climatic Change in the Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Wells Philip V.
Published: October 2006

Eight Pleistocene wood rat middens at elevations of 1200, 880, and 600 meters in the Chihuahuan Desert contain abundant macrofossils of pinyon pine, juniper, shrubby liveoak, and
Opuntia
, together with smaller quantities of
Agave lecheguilla
and other xerophytes of existing desert vegetation, which indicate a xerophilous woodland vegetation in the lowlands, as much as 800 meters below existing woodland, during the Wisconsin pluvial. Ten radiocarbon dates show ages that range from 11,560 to 14,800 and 16,250 to 20,000 years, and to more than 40,000 years. Absence of most mesophytic montane species in deposits as high as 1200 meters indicates a lack of equivalent downward displacement for the ponderosa pine zone or other zones of montane vegetation. Uneven stocking of isolated peaks in the Chihuahuan Desert province with montane species suggests that long-distance transport of propagules, rather than former continuity, may account for the disjunct distributions of many species.
Implantation in Interplanetary Dust of Rare-Gas Ions from Solar Flares
Authors: Tilles David
Published: October 2006

Measurements of excess Ar
36
+ Ar
38
(released mainly at 1200°C) in magnetic concentrates of Pacific sediments and in a dense concentrate of Greenland dust agree within an order of magnitude with expected concentrations implanted by solar-flare ion streams of energy less than 10 Mev per atomic-mass unit. The agreement implies that more than 10 percent of each concentrate may be extraterrestrial, depending on size distribution and flare spectra. Rare-gas measurements on fine-grained dust can provide data on: solar-flare "paleo-ion" fluxes, energy spectra, and isotopic abundances; identification, mineralogy, and chemistry of interplanetary dust; influx rates to Earth and sedimentation rates of oceanic cores; and lunar-surface residence and mixing times.
Lunar Orbiter: Tracking Data Indicate Properties of Moon's Gravitational Field
Authors: Michael William H. , Tolson Robert H. , Gapcynski John P.
Published: October 2006

After only a few days in orbit, the first U.S. satellite of the moon has already produced data which have provided new information about the moon's gravitational field. Results indicate that the spacecraft will probably not impact on the moon before it completes its photographic mission, but that it will probably do so in about 8 months. Preliminary indications are that the moon has a relatively large pear-shaped component and that the gravitational properties will be of considerable scientific interest.
Brightness Distributions of Radio Sources at 2-Centimeter Wavelength
Authors: Zisk Stanley H.
Published: October 2006

Maps have been made of the 2-centimeter brightness distribution of M17, Cassiopeia-A, Taurus-A, and Orion nebula with a resolution of 2.3 minutes of arc, revealing several newly resolved features. M17 is a double thermal source. Some structure appears in Cassiopeia-A, including a suggestion of a ring shape. Taurus-A exhibits a brightness map similar to that obtained in earlier low-frequency results. The central part of Orion nebula is circularly symmetric to a high degree of accuracy.
Brassica campestris
L.: Floral Induction by One Long Day
Authors: Friend D. J. C. , Helson V. A.
Published: October 2006

A strain of
Brassica campestris
L. responds to a single photoinductive cycle 4 days after sowing. Extending the photoperiod from 8 to 22 or 24 hours, with incandescent light of 538-lux intensity, induced inflorescence in 90 percent of the plants. Inflorescence development was visible on dissection 5 or 6 days after photoinduction. Floral induction increased with duration and intensity of the supplementary light.
Antipodal Location of Continents and Oceans
Authors: Harrison Christopher G. A.
Published: October 2006

The percentage of continent antipodal to ocean on the earth is compared with a distribution obtained by a Monte Carlo method. It is concluded that the present antipodal arrangement of continents and oceans has less than 1 chance in 14 of being caused by a random process.
Electrochromatography with Reversing Electrophoretic Field
Authors: Raymond Samuel , Broome John
Published: October 2006

A protein mixture can be separated in a flow column by application of a transverse electrophoretic field to carry faster-migrating components of the mixture into a fixed gel bed at one side of the column, so that slower components move along in a buffer stream. The field is then reversed to return the faster-moving components to the buffer stream. The cycle is repeated many times to complete the separation.
Atmosphere of Mars: Mariner IV Models Compared
Authors: Fjeldbo Gunnar , Fjeldbo Wencke C. , Eshleman Von R.
Published: October 2006

Three classes of models for the atmosphere of Mars differ in identifying the main ionospheric layer measured by Mariner IV as being analogous to a terrestrial F
2
, F
1
, or E layer. At an altitude of several hundred kilometers, the relative atmospheric mass densities for these models (in the order named) are approximately 1, 10
2
, and 10
4
, and the temperatures are roughly 100°, 200°, and 400° K. Theory and observation are in best agreement for an F
2
model, for which photodissociation of CO
2
, and diffusive separation result in an atomic-oxygen upper atmosphere, with O
+
being the principal ion in the isothermal topside of the ionosphere. The mesopause temperature minimum would be at or below the freezing point of CO
2
, and dry ice particles would be expected to form. However, an F
1
model, with molecular ions in a mixed and warmer upper atmosphere, might result if photodissociation and diffusive separation are markedly less than would be expected from analogy with Earth's upper atmosphere. The E model proposed by Chamberlain and McElroy appears very unlikely; it is not compatible with the measured ionization profile unless rather unlikely assumptions are made about the values, and changes with height, of the effective recombination coefficient and the average ion mass. Moreover our theoretical heat-budget computations for the atmospheric region probed by Mariner IV indicate markedly lower temperatures and temperature gradients than were obtained for the E model.
Fluorescent-Antibody Studies of Haplosporidian Parasites of Oysters in Chesapeake and Delaware Bays
Authors: Barrow James H. , Taylor Bruce C.
Published: October 2006

A fluorescent antibody was produced against a plasmodial oyster parasite thought to be a haplosporidian,
Minchinia nelsoni
, which was termed MSX. The antibody reacted with this type of plasmodia from oysters,
Crassostrea virginica
(Gmelin), from all sources, and it also reacted with its sporulating and spore stages. This reaction indicates cospecificity of the stages. No reaction occurred with any stage of another oyster haplosporidian,
Minchinia costalis
, indicating that the
M. nelsoni
and the
M. costalis
are antigenically distinct species.
Long Temporal Gradient of Retrograde Amnesia for a Well-Discriminated Stimulus
Authors: Kopp Rudolf , Bohdanecky Zdenek , Jarvik Murray E.
Published: October 2006

This experiment tested the general validity of recent findings that retrograde amnesia can be produced by electroconvulsive shock only if the shock is administered within 10 to 30 seconds after the learning trial. Precautions were taken to avoid confusion of other shock effects with retrograde amnesia. A temporal gradient of electroconvulsive shock-produced retrograde amnesia, extending up to at least 1 hour, for a well-discriminated stimulus, was demonstrated in mice in a one-trial learning passive avoidance situation.
Calcium and Bromide Contents of Natural Waters
Authors: Anderson Raymond J. , Graf Donald L. , Jones Blair F.
Published: October 2006

The linear relation observed in a log Ca
++
versus log Br
-
plot for subsurface Cl
-
waters is attributed to ultrafiltration by shale of sea water and fresh water that have passed through sedimentary rocks since their formation. Reactions between these solutions and sedimentary minerals, particularly dolomitization, must have contributed additional Ca
++
to solution.
Correlation between Location and Time of Expression for Genes in a Single Operon
Authors: Marver Diana , Berbevich Mary Anne , Goldberger Robert F.
Published: October 2006

When the histidine operon in
Salmonella typhimurium
becomes derepressed in the presence of 4-amino-5-imidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside, derepression of the enzymes for histidine biosynthesis occurs in a temporal sequence which corresponds with the positional sequence of the genes in the histidine operon, approximately 20 minutes intervening between the derepression of the first and that of the last enzyme studied. In the case of the deletion mutant,
hisH,B22
, the interval between the derepression of the first and that of the last enzyme was reduced from 20 minutes to 10 minutes. This reduction was due exclusively to the fact that the interval between the derepressions of the two enzymes, the structural genes for which are located on either side of the deletion, was almost completely eliminated. The results support the genetic evidence for the physical absence of genetic material situated between these two genes.
Oxygen Consumption of a Flying Bird
Authors: Tucker Vance A.
Published: October 2006

Budgerygahs (
Melopsittacus undulatus
) flew with a minimum oxygen consumption of 38 milliliters per gram-hour at each of three speeds between 19 and 33 kilometers per hour in a recirculating wind tunnel. An oxygen debt accumulated in the first minute of flight and was repaid in the minute following cessation of flight. Frequency of wingbeat was independent of flight speed. The data suggest that flying budgerygahs have a higher cardiac output per kilogram of body weight than mammals and that flight muscle of the budgerygah is among the most metabolically active tissues known.
Pholidostrophiid Brachiopods: Origin of the Nacreous Luster
Authors: Towe Kenneth M. , Harper Charles W.
Published: October 2006

The "nacreous" luster characteristic of the pholidostrophiid group of fossil brachiopods results from a shell structure that produces superimposed sets of natural optical-diffraction gratings made of calcite. The wall structure is crossed lamellar, parallel to the shell surface; thus flakiness and development of reflecting surfaces are facilitated.
Photosensitizing Compounds in Extracts of Drinking Water
Authors: Epstein Samuel S. , Taylor Floyd B.
Published: October 2006

By means of a photodynamic bioassay, with
Paramecium caudatum
, photosensitizing compounds have been demonstrated in extracts of finished drinking water in the United States. These findings are of interest in view of a demonstrated association between photodynamic toxicity and carcinogenicity. Neither the origin nor the identity of these compounds has been determined.
Gamma-A Cold Agglutinin: Importance of Disulfide Bonds in Activity and Structure
Authors: Andersen Burton R.
Published: October 2006

Cleavage of disulfide bonds caused by mild reduction with mercaptoethanol produces a reversible loss of cold agglutinin activity and antigen-binding ability in a gamma-A polymer cold agglutinin. Return of agglutination and antigen-binding ability occur only in those molecules that have not been depolymerized by reduction. Loss of activity becomes irreversible if reduction is followed immediately by alkylation.
What Are Mathematicians Doing?
Authors: Friedman Bernard
Published: October 2006

Let me emphasize the point I have been trying to make. The mathematician's playing with the roots of equations, a play which had no practical motivations and almost no possibilities of practical application, led to the recognition of the importance of symmetry and groups. The study of theory of groups led to mathematical discoveries in geometry and differential equations, and finally to prediction of the existence of a new elementary particle. Surely a surprising outcome for the ivory-tower speculations of an impractical mathematician!

Despite my professional bias, I must acknowledge that the importance of symmetry was recognized before mathematicians invented the theory of groups. In 1794 William Blake wrote:

Tiger, Tiger, burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

However, to the mathematicians must be given the credit of recognizing that, to understand symmetry, you must study the theory of groups. I can now answer my original question, What are mathematicians doing? They are trying to make precise the intuitions of poets.
Isozymes of Aldolase
Authors: Anstall Harold B. , Lapp Carol , Trujillo Jose M.
Published: October 2006

A new method of starch-gel electrophoresis using a technique of staining dependent on enzyme activity has been employed to demonstrate the isozymes of aldolase from a variety of human, rat, and frog tissues. Five of these isozymes were detected in man, seven in the rat, and at least four in the frog. The abilities of these isozymes to cleave fructose-1,6-diphosphate and fructose-1-phosphate were compared.
Arrested Protein Synthesis in Polysomes of Cultured Chick Embryo Cells
Authors: Soeiro Ruy , Amos Harold
Published: October 2006

Cells deprived of serum synthesize proteins at a reduced rate; when serum is restored the rate returns to normal. The polysomes do not dissociate, but show reduced incorporation of amino acid in vitro, and are less responsive to polyuridylic acid than are those from normal cells.
Enhanced Growth of Human Embryonic Cells Infected with Adenovirus 12
Authors: Sultanian I. V. , Freeman G.
Published: October 2006

Fibroblast-like cells from human embryonic lung were infected with adenovirus type 12, and they survived as an established line, with the characteristics of "transformation" following considerable cellular killing. Inclusion bodies disappeared and cells became resistant to reinfection with type 12 virus as they grew in thick multilayered strands, and giant and syncytial cells became commonplace. An induced new cell antigen demonstrable by complement-fixation and fluorescent-antibody studies persisted for at least 20 culture passages after infection.
Antigenic Determinants Common to Human Immunoglobulins G and M: Importance of Conformational Antigens
Authors: Seligmann Maxime , Mihaesco Constantin , Meshaka Gilbert
Published: October 2006

Antiserums produced against certain isolated human myeloma IgGglobulins and absorbed in order to show only individual antigenic specificity crossreact with certain Waldenstrom IgM-globulins. Some of the common antigenic determinants revealed by these cross-reactions depend on the tertiary and quaternary structure of the IgG and IgM molecules and are independent of their K and L light-chain antigenic types.
Absence of Neutral Alkali Atoms in Rhodizite
Authors: Donnay Gabrielle , Thorpe A. N. , Senftle Frank E. , Sioda R.
Published: October 2006

The formula CsB
12
Be
4
Al
4
O
28
has been proposed by others for the mineral rhodizite. Electron-spin-resonance and magnetic susceptibility measurements prove the absence of neutral cesium atoms. An ionic formula CsB
11
Be
4
Al
4
O
26
(OH)
2
is proposed.
Eclogitic Pyroxenes, Ordered with P2 Symmetry
Authors: Clark Joan R. , Papike J. J.
Published: October 2006

X-ray diffraction crystal-structure analysis of omphacite from eclogite, Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County, California, shows that this clinopyroxene has
P
2 symmetry with a nearly ordered distribution of the multiple cation content defined by its approximate formula: (Na
0.5
Ca
0.5
) (Mg
0.4
Fe
2
+
0.1
Al
0.4
Fe
3
+
0.1
)Si
2
O
6
. Na+ and Ca
2+
tend to assume alternate locations in the structure, and (Mg,Fe
2+
) octahedra alternate with Al
3+
or (Al,F
3+
) octahedra in chains along
c
.
Carbon Tetrachloride: A New Crystalline Modification
Authors: Rubman Reuben , Post Ben
Published: October 2006

X-ray and optical studies of single crystals of carbon tetrachloride have established the existence of a previously unreported rhombohedral modification stable between the melting point and the transition temperature. The discovery of this phase emphasizes the need for a careful reinterpretation of available measurements of the thermal properties of solid carbon tetrachloride.
Hemoglobin Freiburg: Abnormal Hemoglobin Due to Deletion of a Single Amino Acid Residue
Authors: Jones R. T. , Brimhall B. , Huisman T. H. J. , Kleihauer E. , Betke K.
Published: October 2006

Structural characterization of a new variant of human hemoglobin (adult), designated hemoglobin Freiburg, indicates the deletion of the valyl residue No. 23 from an otherwise normal beta-chain. The formula may be written α
2
β
2
23val—0
. The abnormal hemoglobin is present with hemoglobin A in the proposita and in two of her three living children, but is not detectable in her parents. We postulate that this variant represents a triplet base deletion which most likely resulted from an unequal crossing-over between two normal beta-chain loci during meiosis in one of the parents of the proposita.
Respiration of a Forest Measured by Carbon Dioxide Accumulation during Temperature Inversions
Authors: Woodwell George M. , Dykeman Winston R.
Published: October 2006

Nocturnal accumulations of carbon dioxide during 40 temperature inversions in 1 year were used as an index of the metabolic activity of a forest. Rates of CO
2
production varied with temperature and with season. Spring and summer rates were 2 to 3 times higher than winter rates at the same temperature. Mean monthly temperatures, averaged over 15 years, were used with the curves of respiration on temperature to compute annual gross respiration of the Brookhaven oak-pine forest. The forest was estimated to have a yearly release of approximately 3400 grams of CO
2
per square meter, theoretically equivalent to 2104 grams of dry matter (carbohydrate).