bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Glutamine Supplement Administration on the Reduction of Muscular Fatigue Post-Eccentric Exercise
Authors: Rusdiawan Afif , Taufikkurrachman Taufikkurrachman
Published: January 2021

Eccentric activity can cause pain due to muscle damage and fatigue. Tired and damaged muscular state will degrade athletes' performance during a competition. Glutamine supplements are known to maintain plasma protein levels and can also improve muscle weakness due to inflammation that occurs after eccentric activity. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of glutamine supplementation on the reduction of muscle fatigue after eccentric activity based on muscle strength and joint ROM. The subjects of this study were students of PJKR, IKIP Budi Utomo, who were randomly divided into 2 groups, the control group (K1) and treatment group (K2), each consisting of 22 respondents. The design of this research is randomized grsoup pre-test and post-test design. The eccentric activity performed was drop jumps on the bench with a height of 0.5 meters. Glutamine was administered orally after eccentric activity with a dose of 0.4 grams/kg BW in 450 ml water mineral 3 times (3 days). Measurement of Leg muscle strength was performed using Back and Leg Dynamometer by pulling with all the strength using leg muscles, whereas ROM measurements were measured using a goniometer performed on the knee joint in a passive way. The result of measurement obtained the mean of muscle strength of control group 63.7 ± 17.0 kg and treatment group 81.1 ± 17.0 kg at 72 hours. While result of ROM measurement obtained the mean of control group 124.3 ± 3.2 degrees and treatment group  131.7 ± 4.1 degrees at 72 hours. The analysis showed that glutamine administration in treatment group after eccentric activity increased leg muscle strength with p=0.000, and also increased knee joint ROM with p=0.000 at 72 hours after eccentric activity. In conclusion, glutamine administered with a dose of 0.4 gram/kg BW/day can increase leg muscle strength and knee joint ROM at 72 hours after eccentric activity.
The Effect of Cinnamomum burmannii Water Extraction Against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans: In Vitro Study
Authors: Novita Bernadette Dian , Sutandhio Silvia
Published: January 2021

Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) is a native plant of Indonesia that has a lot of potential. The most consumed part is the bark. This study aims to examine the antimicrobial effect of Cinnamomum burmannii bark extract on various types of pathogenic microbes, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. An experimental study using a water extract (infusion) of Cinnamomum burmannii bark and a microbial test obtained from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya. The antimicrobial effect test was carried out by the microdilution method in 96-well-microplate to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Level (MIC) and implantation on solid media to determine the Minimum Kill Rate (KBM). The MIC and KBM against Staphylococcus aureus were 625-1,250 ppm and 1,250-2,500 ppm, respectively. MIC and KBM for Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were not found at the highest concentrations tested at 10,000 ppm. Cinnamomum burmannii extract can be used as a potential ingredient with antimicrobial effects, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. Future studies should pay attention to the quality of simplicia, particle size, and the most effective extraction methods extracting antimicrobial substances from simplicia
Effectiveness of Pre PRP Injection and Post Elevation Flap at Extended Random Flap Rat Skin
Authors: Sudrajat Wahyu Nugroho Thomas Eduardus , Rizaliyana Sitti , Perdanakusuma David S
Published: January 2021

Background:Closure of the defect with a random skin flap is constrained by the extent of the defect area. Several studies have shown the benefits of administration of PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) in random skin flap. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of PRP injection given before flap elevation, after flap elevation and control on the extended random skin flap procedures in rats.Methods: This research is experimental with randomized post test only control group design (n = 27, divided into 3 treatment groups) that compare the effectiveness of PRP injection 24 hours prior to the elevation of the flap, after the elevation of the flap, and control in the extended random skin flap in rats. Random skin flap is made in the ratio 1: 5 on the rat skin. Measurement of viable area were observed on days 1, 7 and 14.Results: There were significantly increased viability of random skin flap on the group with PRP injection 24 hours prior flap elevation compared to other group of treatment. The average of viability on day first 39%±13% ;42%±34%; 62%±14%. On day 7th24%±13%; 36%±26%; 62%±12%.On day 14th16%±15%; 28%±22%; 60%±11%.Conclusion: Injection of PRP on extended random skin flap on rat 24 hours before flap elevationincrease viability of the flap compared to control group and group which receive PRP injection on extended random flap on rat skin after elevation of the flap. Viability increased due to angiogenesis stimulation after PRP injection.
Blood Type and Blood Pressure Correlations to Body Mass Index in Young Adults
Authors: Suwito Bambang Edi , Kalanjati Viskasari P , Abdurachman Abdurachman
Published: January 2021

Specific ABO blood type was reported to the higher risk of having overweight and obesity. The laters had also been suggested to correlate to blood pressure. Here we studied blood type and blood pressure amongst seemingly healthy university students of IIKBW, Kediri to understand their correlations to the body mass index (BMI). The blood typing (ABO typing, Eryclone®) and blood pressure (automated digital sphygmomanometer) of 74 male and 76 female were measured in duplicate accordingly. The BMI was analysed from the student’s body weight and height using a digital balance and a microtoise staturemeter, respectively. Data were analysed using SPSS 17 with p<0.05 level of significance. There were 18.7% students have A blood type, 31.3% students were B type, 44% were O and 6.0% with AB blood type. There were 30.7% students with obesity, 18% overweight, 36% normal weight and 15.3% underweight. There were 4.7% had a hypertension, 28.7% pre-hypertension, and 66.7% were normal. No significant correlations found between BMI or the blood pressure to any specific ABO blood type, except between the blood pressure and the AB blood type (r=-0.179, p=0.03). However, there was a significant correlation between BMI and blood pressure (r=0.327, p=0.000). We observed no significant associations between any specific ABO blood type with the BMI and blood pressure. However, high blood pressures amongst students with obesity were found. Males were more common to suffer from obesity and high blood pressure than females.
Case Report: Survival of A Coronavirus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) Patient with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Soedarsono Soedarsono , Semedi Bambang Pudjo , Setiawati Rosy , Meliana Resti Yudhawati , Kusmiati Tutik , Permatasari Ariani , Bakhtiar Arief , Syafa’ah Irmi , Indrawanto Dwi Wahyu
Published: January 2021

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that began in Wuhan, China has spread rapidly in multiple countries of the world and has become a pandemic. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral for COVID-19. A study reported 7.3% of critical patients admitted to ICU, 71% of them required mechanical ventilation, and 38.5% of them were survived. Herein, we reported a 54 year old man with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) of COVID-19 who survived the disease. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal and oropharingeal swabs were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Diagnosis of ARDS was also according to clinical symptoms, laboratory, chest radiograph, and chest CT scan. Alcaligenes faecalis and Candida albicans were also identified from sputum culture. Treatment for this patient was causal and supportive therapy, including antibiotic, antiviral, and antifungal therapy according to the culture results, fluid resuscitation, and oxygen supply from the mechanical ventilator. This patient was survived and discharged on hospital day-29. A fibrosis in parenchyma pulmonary and sensory peripheral neuropathy occurred after survived from ARDS. Monitoring of clinical, laboratory, and chest radiograph were continued after the patient discharged from the hospital. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment to the care of COVID-19 patient.
Monitoring Serum Creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen in Patients Brain Injury with Mannitol Therapy
Authors: Sari Erni A , Suharjono Suharjono , Wahyuhadi Joni
Published: January 2021

Increased intracranial pressure is a further effect of brain injury due to structural damage and osmotic and water imbalances (Edema). Mannitol works in the proximal tubules and mannitol in the absorption of tubular cells by the mechanism of pinocytosis. The fluid transfer will draw fluid into the intracellular, so that the cell will be switched and broke. This phenomenon is referred to as the phenomenon of "Nephrosis Osmotic", in which mannitol administration may occur as a result of accumulation of drugs in the kidneys due to prolonged exposure to mannitol in the kidney and given dosage. The effects of osmotic diuresis occurring plus the dose and duration of mannitol administration are reported to cause renal function disorders (Scr and BUN). The aim of this study was to analyze changes in serum creatinine and BUN in patients with brain injury from before receiving mannitol therapy and during mannitol treatment. From the results of the study the number of patients who met the inclusion criteria, 32 patients. Serum creatinine, the initial average of 0.85 ± 0.17 mg / dl and the last day of the mean SCr 0.74 ± 0.30 mg / dl. While the mean BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) was 11.27 ± 2.75 mg / dl and the mean last day was 17.08 mg / dl ± 8.59 mg / dl. From Serum Creatinine and BUN data it can be concluded that there is no significant change.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Indonesian Version of Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale for Elderly in Surabaya
Authors: Nuruzzaman Andi , Satyawati Rwahita , Mei Wulan Sri Mardjiati
Published: January 2021

Falling is a major health problem and is also a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The more serious consequences of falling on the elderly are the increased risk of injury and fear of falling. Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale is one of the assessment instruments for fear of falling. This instrument is used to assess balance confidence in various ambulation activities. The purpose of this study was to carry out the process of adaptation of the cross cultural ABC English questionnaire to ABC Indonesian. This study was a cross sectional study with participants of five elderly members of the Posyandu Lansia who were in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The output is the correlation between the score of ABC English with ABC Indonesian and the score of ABC Indonesian with ABC English Back Translation which are tested at different times. All the question score in the ABC English questionnaire correlated with ABC Indonesian, as well as the Indonesian Language ABC correlated with ABC English back translation, have a significant correlation (r> 0.3). The conclusion of this study is that the ABC English has a close meaning with the ABC Indonesian and the ABC Indonesian has a close meaning with the ABC English back translation. The validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of ABC questionnaire is needed to obtain a valid and reliable questionnaire.
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Mangosteen Peel on Serum Malondialdehyde and Leukotriene B4 Levels in Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Strain Exposed with Electric Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Santoso Jemima Lewi , Notopuro Harianto , Qurnianingsih Ema
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract at different doses can reduce levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) serum in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains exposed to electric cigarette smoke. Electric cigarette induces mitochondrial ROS production and triggers oxidative stress. Antioxidants are needed by the body if there are many free radicals, for example mangosteen peel. This laboratory experimental study uses a randomized post test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into 5 groups randomly (KK, KR, P1, P2, P3). KK given 0.5% Na-CMC, KR given smoke and 0.5% Na-CMC, P1, P2, P3 given smoke and mangosteen peel ethanol extract 100, 200, 300 mg / kg weight. Data were tested for normality and homogeneity tests. Data distribution was found not normal. Data were tested by Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney. Kruskal-Wallis Test results showed significant differences in MDA and LTB4 levels in each experimental group (KS, KR, P1, P2 and P3), p <0.05. Mann-Whitney test results showed a significant difference in the MDA levels of the KR against P3 and in the LTB4 level of the KR against P2 (p <0.05). The conclusion of the study was the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract can reduce MDA and LTB4 levels serum in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains exposed to electric cigarette smoke.
The Effect of Massage Stimulation on the General Movements Quality in Breastfed Preterm Infant
Authors: Jonathan Elizabeth Beatrice , Suryawan Ahmad , Irmawati Mira
Published: January 2021

General Movements (GMs) assessment is one of the modalities to detect abnormal infant development early, the examination of preterm infant development is very important. Preterm infant has a long-term health impact and the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality, need breast milk as the best nutritionand also need stimulation, one of which is massage. This study aimto analyze massage stimulation effect on the general movements in breastfed preterm infant in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya.A randomize control group pre test post test design was conducted on preterm infant, 39 babies were enrolled. Massage stimulation was done for 10 consecutive days 3 times in the neonatal ward while observing the condition.The quality assessment of GMs is according to the standardization of the Prechtl method, through two stages, taking video recording and editing GMs, and analysis the video recordings of GMs.Statistical by comparison test.The quality of preterm GMs in massage group (85.7%) and control group(69.6%) with p=0.287. The quality of GMs writhing in the massage group was dominated by abnormal GMs (65%), in control group were dominated by normal (63.2%) with p=0,150. In the fidgety GMs, the massage group (75%) and not massage (78.9%) were dominated by normal GMs, with p=1,000.There were no differences in the quality of preterm GMs, writhingGMs and fidgetyGMs for preterm infants in both group.
Semilunar Sign of Trans-Mediastinal Herniation of Giant Bullae with Tension Hydropneumothrax
Authors: Tjan Anastasia , Dwija Putra Ayusta I Made , Mahiswara Dewa Gde
Published: January 2021

Herniation of bulla across mediastinum is rare, while transmediastinal giant bulla herniation accompanied with hydropneumothorax is even rarer. We report a case of an 18 years old male with dyspnea came to emergency department with trans-mediastinal giant bulla herniation, which appears as semilunar sign on chest x-ray, and righthydropneumothoraks. It appeared that the giant bulla also infected by the presence of air fluid level within. Semilunar sign was seen on the contralateral left mediastinum as the hallmark finding for trans-mediastinal herniation of bulla. Chest CT further confirms the diagnosis. Subsequently chest tube insertion and symptomatic relives were given, however the patient end up dead after 2 days of observation. Heart and lung compression by the lesions were the cause of this patient poor outcome. Bullous lung disease should be evaluated thoroughly and not underestimated since it could cause severe disease progression.
Insight Mode of Action and Phytochemistry of Reported Medicinal Plant with Possible Antidiabetic Activity
Authors: Santosh Kumar Jha  , D. P. Chatterjee
Published: January 2021

Diabetes become very common in people of developed countries due to their changed food habit and no physical activity. The various types of synthetic medicines are available for the management of diabetes. These medicines are associated with the side effects. Apart from this, the alternative medicines such as herbal drug are the best option for the treatment of diabetes. The herbal medicines are free from any type of side effects, and presently their demands are increased. The herbal drugs are available in different dosage form. The numerous medicinal plants have been scientifically reported antidiabetic property by the researchers. The review paper highlights the plants having antidiabetic activity with their phytochemistry and possible mechanism of action. Additionally, the active constituents responsible for antidiabetic activity are also illustrated.
Mechanism of Action of Wound Healing Activity of Calendula officinalis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bhargab Deka  , Bedanta Bhattacharjee  , Anshul Shakya  , Abu Md Ashif Ikbal  , Chayanika Goswami  , Santa Sarma
Published: January 2021

Calendula officinalis is a short-lived aromatic herbaceous perennial plant. According to scientific literature, Calendula officinalis can also boost the wound healing activity. While the precise means it does is still unclear, it was assumed that the herb would increases the blood flow to the wound area, therefore supplying oxygen and nutrients necessary for tissue regeneration. The objective of the review is to understand and explore the relevant phytochemical and pharmacological information which will enhance it effective wound healing mechanism.  The data were identified using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and bibliographic reviews of recent and old articles from an English literature search. After independent analysis by co-authors of the identified articles, data were analysed and extracted for the stated purpose. Calendula officinalis with its high quantity of flavonoids, it can help to minimize inflammation and speed up the healing process. Additional  usage for Calendula officinalis is that it can be a calming ointment, wash or tincture , since it can help to alleviate irritated wounds and minimize swelling and inflammation. Wound healing is a complex process, and Calendula officinalis have been historically used to treat minor wounds, skin irritation and minor burns. Data from large comparative clinical trials are needed before routine use can be recommended. Pharmacists and clinicians can effectively address patient questions about wound care and herbal therapies to help promote wound care practices that encourages wound healing and minimize poor outcomes such as infection or scaring.
Gravity assists gravitational scattering and the perturbation rings in the Solar system
Authors: Golubev Yury Filippovich , Grushevskii Alexey Vasilyevich , Korianov Victor Vladimirovich , Tuchin Andrey Georgievich , Tuchin Denis Andreevich
Published: January 2021

As a result of the analysis of various restrictions on the gravity assists maneuvers (GM) conduction, the generalized estimates of near-planetary regions sizes, the “perturbation rings”, are conducted, in which GM realization for the arbitrary celestial bodies trajectory beams is guaranteed. They can be represented by the transplanetary comets and meteoroids streams, as well as beams of virtual spacecraft trajectories in the mass calculations of the interplanetary mission design. The analysis shows that the characteristic “perturbation rings” of the largest size have Neptune and Saturn, and the Jovian “perturbation ring” occupies only the fourth place in the Solar system.
Intercategorical and Intracategorical Experiences of Discrimination and HIV Prevalence Among Transgender Women in San Francisco, CA: A Quantitative Intersectionality Analysis
Authors: Wesson Paul , Vittinghoff Eric , Turner Caitlin , Arayasirikul Sean , McFarland Willi , Wilson Erin
Published: January 2021

Objectives. To examine differences in HIV prevalence and experiences of discrimination within the trans women community in California’s San Francisco Bay Area.

Methods. Intersectional positions were constructed on the basis of race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Latina) and gender identity (female identifying, transgender identifying). We used baseline data from the Trans*National study (2016–2017) to construct regression models that estimated racial/ethnic differences in the attribution of discrimination experienced and, along with surrogate measures for intersectionality, estimated risk among those who were dually marginalized (racial/ethnic minority and transgender identifying). Margins plots were used to visually compare absolute risk across all intersectional positions.

Results. Black and Latina trans women were more likely to be HIV positive than non-Hispanic White trans women. In several of the study domains, we estimated a lower risk of reporting discrimination among dually marginalized trans women than among White female-identifying trans women.

Conclusions. Quantitative intersectionality methods highlight the diversity of experiences within the trans women community and reveal potential measurement challenges. Despite facing multiple forms of systemic marginalization, racial/ethnic minority trans women report less discrimination than White trans women. Subjective reporting of discrimination likely undercounts risks among racial/ethnic minorities.
Selecting Review Outcomes for Systematic Reviews of Public Health Interventions
Authors: Wolfenden Luke , Movsisyan Ani , McCrabb Sam , Stratil Jan M , Yoong Sze Lin
Published: January 2021

For systematic reviews to have an impact on public health, they must report outcomes that are important for decision-making. Systematic reviews of public health interventions, however, have a range of potential end users, and identifying and prioritizing the most important and relevant outcomes represents a considerable challenge.

In this commentary, we describe potentially useful approaches that systematic review teams can use to identify review outcomes to best inform public health decision-making. Specifically, we discuss the importance of stakeholder engagement, the use of logic models, consideration of core outcome sets, reviews of the literature on end users’ needs and preferences, and the use of decision-making frameworks in the selection and prioritization of outcomes included in reviews.

The selection of review outcomes is a critical step in the production of public health reviews that are relevant to those who use them. Utilizing the suggested strategies may help the review teams better achieve this.
La tripartición de la justicia en los comentarios de Tomás de Vio a Summa theologiae II-II, qq. 57-62
Authors: Lázaro Nicolás Ariel
Published: January 2021

Se comparan los comentarios realizados por Cayetano a la noción de justicia expuesta por Santo Tomás en S. Th. II-II, qq. 57-62. A partir de las notas recabadas, se ofrece una síntesis de la definición brindada por el Cardenal. Acudiendo a la noción de «tripartición» explicamos las fundamentales diferencias que encontramos entre los comentarios de Tomás de Vio y la doctrina de Tomás de Aquino. Finalmente, nos explayamos en algunas consideraciones con respecto a los alcances prácticos que tal noción implica para la reflexión Ética. Así como también la influencia que podría haber tenido en posteriores corrientes filosóficas.
Roger Bacon, Letter to Pope Clement IV
Authors: Egel Nikolaus
Published: January 2021

First English translation of Roger Bacon’s Letter to Pope Clement IV. which has been edited by F. A. Gasquet in 1897. It is Roger Bacon’s introductory letter to the Opus maius, which he sent to Pope Clement IV in 1267 together with his fundamental work, and which summarizes his project of reforming the sciences and society of his time as described in his Opus maius.
Improving Cassava Productivity by Soil Bioaugmentation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Actinomycetes and Fungi
Authors: Ali Alimuddin , Juanda Muhammad , SJahid A. Farchan , Rante Herlina
Published: January 2021

Cassava is one of the most important food commodities, but its cultivation technique must be improved, especially the technology in increasing soil fertility. Lack of phosphate (P), one of the major biological nutrients in soil, can reduce
agricultural production. Some P-solubilizing microbes can play an important role in increasing the availability of P for plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of P-solubilizing microbes isolated from cassava rhizosphere in improving the growth of cassava after soil bioaugmentation with the formula of selected microbes. A total of 50 isolates were successfully isolated from cassava plant rhizosphere collected from several locations in South Sulawesi. In vitro screening on Pikovskaya agar media resulted in six Actinomycetes and six fungal isolates with the best P hydrolysis capacity. One Actinomycetes isolate
(Streptomyces sp. A-SDR01) and one fungal isolate (Penicillium sp. F-SKG17) with nonantagonistic effect to each other based on in vitro test were able to improve the vegetative growth of cassava under in planta test. Combination of both isolates in a gum arabic formulation increased plant height and productivity compared to untreated plants when applied as soil bioaugmentation in limited field trials at four locations in South Sulawesi. Therefore, application of P-solubilizing microbes that possess soil bioaugmentation properties is recommended for increasing the growth of cassava plants and their use as
microbial biofertilizers should be extended to wider areas.
The Quaternary stratigraphic architecture of a low-accommodation, passive-margin continental shelf (Santee Delta region, South Carolina, U.S.A.)
Authors: Long Joshua H. , Hanebuth Till J.J. , Lüdmann Thomas
Published: January 2021

The Quaternary stratigraphy of the continental shelf offshore of South Carolina consists of stratigraphic units deposited in coastal-plain, shallow marine, and shelfal environments bounded by composite erosional surfaces that developed in response to numerous glacioeustatic cycles and were overprinted by regional uplift. These units are commonly distributed laterally, rather than stacked vertically, a function of the long-term low shelf gradient and the resulting lack of accommodation. Additionally, marine processes such as waves and geostrophic currents can rework both relict and modern sediments across the continental shelf.

This study integrates high-resolution geological and geophysical datasets acquired offshore and onshore with existing data onshore into a comprehensive conceptual model describing the Quaternary geologic evolution of the coastal plain and continental shelf within a study area of approximately 8,000 km2. We use seismic facies and core analysis to define stratigraphic units associated with transgressive, regressive, and lowstand systems offshore. Regressive systems include progradational wave- and river-dominated deltaic and shoreface deposits. Lowstand systems consist of a complex network of paleo-incisions produced by regional, Piedmont-draining fluvial systems and smaller coastal plain rivers. Transgressive systems include paleochannel-fill successions dominated by mud-rich, tidally influenced backbarrier deposits, cuspate and linear shelf sand ridges, and transgressive sand sheets and shoals.

The low-accommodation setting of the continental shelf influences the stratigraphic record in several ways: 1) the geometry of progradational coastal lithosomes, 2) the development of composite allogenic erosional surfaces, 3) the deposition of widespread, thin transgressive sand sheets, and 4) the restriction of thicker transgressive deposits to paleo-incisions. In this setting, the use of a bounding surface scheme that is hierarchical is preferable to the more common sequence stratigraphic or allostratigraphic convention for several reasons: 1) major erosional bounding surfaces are commonly amalgamated; 2) lower-order surfaces capture internal variability, which is key to the genetic interpretation of stratigraphic units, and 3) stratal stacking patterns typically used to define a sequence stratigraphic framework are rare.
Reconstrucción de un flujo de derrubios: el desastre de Marines (Valencia) de octubre de 1957
Authors: Sanchis Ibor Carles , Mateu Bellés Joan F. , Universitat de València Almudena
Published: January 2021

En la mañana del 14 de octubre de 1957 una masa compuesta principalmente por bloques y fango procedente de la vertiente oeste de las crestas del Rodeno (Sierra Calderona) asoló la mayor parte del casco urbano de Marines (Valencia), causando 6 víctimas mortales y numerosos daños materiales. A partir de la consulta de documentación de archivo, de la revisión de diversas fotografías, del examen de los depósitos sedimentarios y de los testimonios de algunos supervivientes, este trabajo ensaya una reconstrucción del episodio y una interpretación geomorfológica del movimiento de masa. Los materiales analizados han permitido elaborar una cartografía detallada de los procesos y formas del evento e identificarlo como un flujo de derrubios posiblemente conectado a avalanchas en zonas de cabecera. La magnitud del suceso y la presencia de depósitos similares en las inmediaciones ponen de relieve la elevada peligrosidad que subsiste en este núcleo de población.
Uma experiência teórica e metodológica sobre natureza e sociedade durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Milioli Geraldo , Ferreira Guimarães Milla Lúcia , Ruschel Carolline , Balthazar Joélia , Oliveira Izes , Becker Thoy
Published: January 2021

O artigo trata de uma experiência teórica e metodológica organizada no âmbito do Laboratório Sociedade, Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente (LABSDMA) e do Ateliê de Transdisciplinaridade, integrados ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense. A ação idealizada e desenvolvida durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19 visou inicialmente dar continuidade aos trabalhos dos pesquisadores integrantes do LABSDMA, durante o período de isolamento social, por meio da realização de Webinars com outros pesquisadores convidados. Mas, durante a realização dos seminários virtuais pode-se perceber a inquietude e as demandas de questões e temas a serem ainda percorridos pela comunidade científica e acadêmica. Como resultado vale destacar a abrangência da iniciativa consubstanciada no Fórum Sociedade e Natureza: um Debate em Tempos de Covid-19, a qual abrangeu não só os cursos de pós-graduação e graduação da universidade, mas também a comunidade regional e pesquisadores do Brasil e de outros países.
Isolation of Disease-relevant p53 for Cryo-Electron Microscopy Analysis
Authors: Solares Maria J. , Jonaid GM , Luqiu William Y. , Liang Yanping , Evans Madison C. , Dearnaley William J. , Sheng Zhi , Kelly Deborah F.
Published: January 2021

Tumor suppressor protein TP53 (p53) plays a multi-faceted role in all cells of thehuman body. Sadly, mutations in the TP53 gene are involved in nearly ~50% of tumors,spurring erratic cell growth and disease progression. Until recently, structural informationfor p53 remained incomplete and there are limited studies on native p53 produced inhuman tumors. Here, we present a highly reproducible and effective protocol to extract,enrich, and purify native p53 protein assemblies from cancer cells for downstreamstructural studies. This method does not introduce purification tags into the p53 gene andmaintains naturally occurring modifications. In conjunction with cryo-Electron Microscopytechniques, we determined new structures for p53 monomers (~50 kDa) and tetramers(~200 kDa) at spatial resolutions of ~4.8 Å and ~7 Å, respectively.1 These modelsrevealed new insights for flexible regions of p53 along with biologically-relevantubiquitination sites. Combining biochemical and structural imaging protocols, we aim tobuild a better understanding of native p53’s impact in cancer formation.
Estimation of economic burden of COVID-19 using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Losses in Kerala state, India
Authors: John Denny , MS Narassima , Menon Jaideep C , Jammy Guru Rajesh , Banerjee Amitava
Published: January 2021

Background: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research, globally, have centered on prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the global economy and stressed the health care systems worldwide.Methods: The present study estimates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Potential Productive Life Lost (YPPLL) and Cost of Productivity Lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism, secondary to COVID-19 in Kerala state, India. Details on sociodemography, incidence, death, quarantine, per capita income etc were dervived from various public sources. 5-year age-gender population, working population in each age-gender cohort and corresponding life expectancies were obtained from Census of India 2011. Data on incidence and recovery time were dervied from CODD-K. Details of deaths were extracted from government sources and CODD-K. The impact of disease on various age-gender cohorts has been analyzed. Sensitivity Analysis has been conducted by adjusting six variables with a total of 21 scenarios.Results: Severity of infection and mortality were higher among older sub-group of patients, and male were more susceptible than female in most of the age groups. DALYs for the baseline scenario was 15,924.24 and 8,669.32 for male and female respectively. Total YPPLL for male and female cohorts were estimated to be 1323.57 and 612.31 respectively. People of 40-49 years age constituted 51.34% and 41.76% of the total CPL values (for premature mortality) of males and females respectively.Conclusion: Most of the disease burden from COVID-19 was contributed by YLL. Losses due to YPPLL was reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was relatively lesser among the productive age groups. CPL values for people aged from 40-49 years were the highest. These estimates put emphasis that the decision-makers should focus and make efforts on reducing the economic burden for the longer impact of COVID-19 in Kerala state.
Phytochemical analysis of Acacia nilotica and evaluation of its antileishmanial potential
Authors: Ali Rahat , Tabrez Shams , Rahman Fazlur , Alouffi Abdulaziz , Alshehri Bader , Alshammari Fahdah , Alaidarous Mohammed , Banawas Saeed , Dukhyil Abdul Aziz , Rub Abdur
Published: January 2021

Acacia nilotica is an important medicinal plant, found in Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. Every part of the plant possesses a wide array of biologically-active and therapeutically important compounds and has been used in the traditional system of medicine. We reported the antileishmanial activity of Acacia nilotica (A. nilotica) bark methanolic extract through in vitro assays and dissected the mechanism of its action through in silico studies. Bark methanolic extract exhibited anti-promastigote and anti-amastigote potency with IC50 value of 19.6 ± 0.9037 μg/ml and 77.52 ± 5.167 μg/ml respectively in time and dose-dependent manner.It showed very low cytotoxicity having a CC50 value of 432.7 ± 7.71 μg/ml on the human-macrophage cell line, THP-1. The major constituents identified by GC-MS analysis are 13-docosenoic acid (34.06%), lupeol (20.15 %), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (9.92 %), and 6-octadecanoic acid (8.43 %) bind effectively with the potential drug-targets of Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) including sterol 24-c-methyltransferase (SMT), trypanothione reductase (TR), pteridine reductase (PTR1) and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT); suggest the possible mechanism of its antileishmanial action. The highest affinity with all these targets was shown by lupeol. The pharmacokinetic studies, predicted bioactivity scores, and acute toxicity studies of major extract constituents support safe antileishmanial drug candidates. This study proved the antileishmanial potential of bark-methanolic extract A. nilotica and its mechanism of action through the inhibition of potential drug targets of L. donovani.
Long-term treatment with senolytic drugs Dasatinib and Quercetin ameliorates age-dependent intervertebral disc degeneration in mice
Authors: Risbud Makarand , Novais Emanuel , Tran Victoria , Darris Kayla , Roupas Alex , Sessions Garrett , Shapiro Irving , Diekman Brian
Published: January 2021

Intervertebral disc degeneration is highly prevalent within the elderly population and is a leading cause of chronic back pain and disability. Due to the link between disc degeneration and senescence, we explored the ability of the Dasatinib and Quercetin drug combination (D + Q) to prevent an age-dependent progression of disc degeneration in mice. We treated C57BL/6 mice beginning at 6, 14, and 18 months of age, and analyzed them at 23 months of age. Interestingly, 6- and 14-month D + Q cohorts showed lower incidences of degeneration, and the treatment resulted in a significant decrease in senescent markers p16INK4a, p19ARF, and SASP molecules IL-1β, and IL-6. Treated animals also showed preserved cell viability, phenotype, and matrix content. Although transcriptomic analysis showed disc compartment-specific effects of the treatment, cell death and cytokine response pathways were commonly modulated across tissue types. Results suggest that senolytics may provide a novel approach to mitigating age-dependent disc degeneration.
Cocaine causes rapid remodeling of mesoaccumbens dopaminergic axons, synapses, and mitochondria
Authors: Wildenberg Gregg , Sorokina Anastasia , Koranda Jessica , Monical Alexis , Heer Chad , Sheffield Mark , Zhuang Xiaoxi , McGehee Daniel , Kasthuri Narayanan
Published: January 2021

Detailing the ways drugs of abuse physically alter dopaminergic circuits would provide new mechanisms for explaining addictive behaviors, future targets for therapeutic intervention, and insights into the nature of synaptic plasticity. We combine recent advances in genetic labeling with large volume serial electron microscopy to detail how normal dopaminergic (DA) axons interact with putative targets in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) and how those interactions change in mice briefly exposed to cocaine. We find that while most DA axonal boutons are devoid of obvious signs of synapses (i.e. synaptic vesicles or synaptic densities), many DA boutons physically interdigitate with dendrites or excitatory and inhibitory axons. A brief exposure to cocaine results in large-scale remodeling: extensive DA axonal branching and frequent occurrences of axonal blind-ended “bulbs”, filled with mitochondria and reminiscent of axonal retraction in the developing and damaged brain. The number of physical interdigitations and vesicle filled boutons in DA axons scales linearly with the length of axon in both controls and cocaine exposed animals and the size or the type of interaction (i.e. axo-axonic or axo-dendritic) do not change. Finally, we find in cocaine exposed animals, mitochondrial lengths are increased ~2.5 times relative to control. Mitochondrial elongation is cell type specific: primarily in DA neurons and downstream spiny dendrites, and localized to DA axons and not DA soma or dendrites. We show for the first time the effects of cocaine on remodeling of dopamine axon morphology and mitochondria and reveal new details on how dopamine neurons physically associate with downstream targets.
Leukocyte and Monocyte Counts as Predictors for Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan Citizens: a 9-year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Yen-Wei , Kao Tung-Wei , Kuo Chao-Yin , Chang Pi-Kai , Chen Wei-Liang , Wu Li-Wei
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular disease whose correlation with metabolic syndrome and diabetes has been well established. As an aspect of preventive medicine, we conducted a 9-year longitudinal study to identify the relationship between easily measured hematologic parameters, future metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) according to age distribution. Divided into three groups according to age (young age: <40, middle age: ≧40 and <65 and old age: ≧65), 10,328 participants, receiving general medical inspection at the health management centre of Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH) in Taiwan from 2007 to 2015, had been enrolled in the present study. Through multivariate regression analyses, the hazard ratio (HR) of total and subtype leukocyte count for MetS along with its components, hypertension and T2DM were demonstrated. All MetS components revealed significant association with total leukocyte count in multivariate regression models. Total leukocyte count was associated with future MetS, hypertension and T2DM despite of age at first, but failed in adjusted HR for the old group. Additionally, monocyte count showed significant association with all the aforementioned diseases only in middle-aged subjects but failed in the other two groups. Our results explore the promising value of total leukocyte count and monocyte count to identify the high-risk subjects, especially meddle-aged ones, having MetS, hypertension, and T2DM whether in the present or future.
Prediction of Fall Risk Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using a Wearable System
Authors: Lockhart Thurmon , Soangra Rahul , Yoon Hyunsoo , Wu Teresa , Frames Christopher , Weaver Raven , Roberto Karen
Published: January 2021

Falls are among the most common cause of decreased mobility and independence in older adults and rank as one of the most severe public health problems with frequent fatal consequences. In the present study, gait characteristics from 171 community-dwelling older adults were evaluated to determine their predictive ability for future falls using a wearable system. Participants wore a wearable sensor (inertial measurement unit (IMU)) affixed to the sternum and performed a 10-meter walking test. Measures of gait variability, complexity, and smoothness were extracted from each participant, and prospective fall incidence was evaluated over the following 6-months. Gait parameters were refined to better represent features for a random forest classifier for the fall-risk classification utilizing three experiments. The results show that the best-trained model for faller classification used both linear and nonlinear gait parameters and achieved an overall 82.4% accuracy, 86.8% sensitivity, 81.2% specificity in the blind test. These findings augment the wearable sensor's potential as an ambulatory fall risk identification tool in community-dwelling settings. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of gait features that rely less on event detection methods, and more on time series analysis techniques. Fall prevention is a critical component in older individuals’ healthcare, and simple models based on gait-related tasks and a wearable IMU sensor can determine the risk of future falls.
Physiochemical properties and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles green synthesized by Camellia sinensis and Prunus africana extracts
Authors: Ssekatawa Kenneth , Byarugaba Denis , Kato Charles , Wampande Eddie , Ejobi Francis , Nakavuma Jesca , Maaza Malik , Sackey Juliet , Nxumalo Edward , Kirabira John
Published: January 2021

Antibiotics have been the nucleus of chemotherapy since their discovery and introduction into the healthcare system in the 1940s. They are used routinely not only to treat bacterial infections but also to prevent infections in patients with compromised immune systems and enhancing growth in livestock. However, resistance to last-resort antibiotics used in the treatment of MDR infections has been reported worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate green synthesized nanomaterials such as AgNPs as alternatives to antibiotics. UV Vis Spectroscopy surface plasmon resonance peaks for AgNPs were obtained between 417 to 475nm. XRD analysis generated 4 peaks for both PAE and CSE biosynthesized AgNPs positioned at 2θ angles of 38.2˚, 44.4˚, 64.5˚, and 77.4˚ corresponding to crystal planes (111), (200), (220) and (311) respectively. DLS registered mean zeta potential of + 6.3mV and + 0.9mV for PAE and CSE biosynthesized nanoparticles respectively. FTIR spectra exhibited bands corresponding to different organic functional groups confirming capping of AgNPs by PAE and CSE phytochemicals. FESEM imaging showed that AgNPs were spherical with average size distribution ranging from 10 to 19nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited maximum growth inhibitory zones of 21mm with MIC and MBC of 125µg/ml and 250µg/ml respectively against carbapenem resistant bacteria.
Motivating Risky Choices Increases Risk Taking
Authors: Bilancini Ennio , Boncinelli Leonardo , Spadoni Lorenzo
Published: January 2021

We study the impact of the mode of cognition on risk taking. In an online experiment we ask participants to make a simple decision involving risk. In the control group no manipulation is made, while in the treatment group we exogenously manipulate the mode of cognition by requiring subjects to write down a text that motivates their risky choice before any action is actually taken. Such motivation treatment is meant to induce more reflection upon the action to be taken. Our results show an effect of the motivation treatment on risk taking, suggesting that higher reflection makes subjects more prone to risk taking. The effect is stronger if we consider only subjects who imperfectly understand the probability distribution implied by the simple choice task. Based on our experimental findings, we suggest that reflection and comprehension might be substitutes when individuals make decisions involving risk.
Postnatal Mental Health, Handwashing Practices, and Infant Illness in Rural China
Authors: Jiang Qi , Cohen Nourya , Ohtori Mika , Gao Jie , Wang Qingzhi , Zhang Evelyn , Zhu Sabrina , Johnstone Hannah , Guo Yian , Dill Sarah-Eve , Zhou Huan , Rozelle Scott
Published: January 2021

Background: Maternal mental health problems are a major burden to global public health and play an important role in infant wellbeing. While western countries have extensively studied the associations between maternal mental disorders, infant health, and hygiene practices, little is known in developing settings. This study investigates the correlations between postnatal mental health problems and infant illness as well as handwashing practices of mothers in rural western China.Methods: The research team followed a multi-stage random cluster sampling method to select a total of 720 mothers of infants aged 0-6 months from poverty counties in rural western China. Surveys questions about mental health were based on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and questions about infant illness and handwashing practices followed evaluative surveys of prior studies. Adjusted ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were run to examine how postnatal mental health problems (including depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms) are associated with infant illnesses and maternal handwashing practices.Results: We found significant associations between all three symptoms of postnatal mental health and whether the infant had shown symptoms of illness twice in the past two weeks; depression and anxiety symptoms are significantly associated with whether the infant had been taken to the doctor in the past two weeks. Additionally, depression symptoms had a significant negative association with all categories of handwashing practices, and symptoms of anxiety and stress were significantly associated with handwashing count and frequently washing hands after cleaning infant’s bottom.Conclusion: These results indicate that postnatal mental health problems are significantly associated with infant illness and suggest that postnatal mental health interventions may be effective in mitigating poor infant health outcomes.