bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of the turbulent boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers and a Mach number of 0·8
Authors: Gaudet L.
Published: March 2023

Measurements of the turbulent boundary layer on a sidewall of the RAE 8 ft × 8 ft wind tunnel are described. Velocity profiles and wall shear-stress measurements were obtained for a Mach number of 0·8 over a Reynolds number range of over a decade up to a value of nearly 400 million.

A skin-friction relationship is deduced together with a description of the velocity profile and boundary-layer growth based upon the velocity-defect law using kinematic parameters for constant-pressure flows without heat transfer.

Previous data for Mach numbers up to 2·8 obtained in the same tunnel are shown to be well matched with the present analysis and the use of simple scaling factors for compressible flows is confirmed.
Software position and velocity limiting for a synergistic six degree-of-freedom motion system
Authors: Campbell D. R.
Published: March 2023

Hardware and software limiting of the velocity and displacement of motion platform hydraulic jacks is an important source of spurious cue generation in the important frequency range below 2 Hz. Until recently the cross-coupling effect of such limiting has been ignored in motion-drive-software. By setting software limits and scaling jack demands with respect to this limit and the maximum jack demand, a limiting strategy which maintains the directional fidelity of the acceleration cue is achieved. This simple scheme includes a soft limiting approach to reduce motion jerks. In addition the scheme requires negligible extra computing time or storage over the traditional schemes.
The prediction of the drag of aerofoils and wings at high subsonic speeds
Authors: Lock R. C.
Published: March 2023

After a brief discussion of alternative ways in which the drag of an aircraft wing can be derived theoretically, attention is focused on a technique whereby the separate ‘far-field’ components of drag — viscous, trailing-vortex (induced) and wave — are calculated separately. In particular, a new approximate method is described for estimating the wave drag. Based on an exact two-dimensional analysis involving the flow conditions just upstream of the shock wave, a simple formula is derived which, to first order, involves only a knowledge of the Mach number distribution on the surface of the aerofoil ahead of the shock and of the surface geometry at its foot. The accuracy of this formula is assessed for aerofoils by comparison with more exact theoretical results and with experiment. A ‘strip theory’ extension to swept wings is proposed and illustrated by applying it to a particular transport-type wing body combination. Using experimental pressure measurements as input, all three components of drag are estimated theoretically, and by adding their sum to separate balance measurements of the body drag comparisons between ‘theory’ and experiment for the overall drag can be made. These show a satisfactory standard of accuracy, the error varying between —5% and — 1% of the total drag over a wide range of Mach number and lift coefficient.
Large deflections of a cantilever beam subjected to a tip concentrated rotational load
Authors: Nageswara Rao B. , Shastry B. P. , Venkateswara Rao G.
Published: March 2023

Large deflection analysis of a cantilever beam under a tip concentrated rotational load governed by a second order non-linear differential equation is solved using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Initially the two point boundary value problem is converted to an initial value problem by estimating one of the two required initial conditions in an iterative process, so as to satisfy the other boundary condition. The details of load deflection curves are presented.
Damage thresholds for low velocity impact on aircraft structural composites
Authors: O’Kane B. A. A. , Benham P. P.
Published: March 2023

Seven composite laminates, three carbon, one Kevlar and three hybrid as supplied by an aircraft manufacturer were assessed for damage tolerance. Rectangular coupons were subjected to low velocity impact in the range 0-4 Joules by a swinging pendulum. The coupons were ultrasonically C-scanned to measure delamination area and visually inspected for damage. Residual strength tests in tension, compression, flexure and shear were then carried out on the damaged coupons. Visual damage, delamination damage and strength reduction thresholds were determined from the data and compared. Of the three thresholds, delamination damage and strength reduction tended to coincide. For the various lay-ups these were in the range of 1·5 to 2·0 J for the longer (tensile) specimens or in the case of the smaller (shear) specimens between 0·2-0·3 J. In all cases onset of visible damage occurred at slightly higher values of impact energy. The significance of specimen stiffness was noted.
Photographic surveying of flow speed and direction adjacent to a surface
Authors: Barrett R.V.
Published: March 2023

A flow surveying technique is described which provides a direct and quick output of either flow speed or direction. The computer based system enables ‘contour plots’ of these quantities to be obtained for fixed offset distances from a surface, using a series of surface contacting cylindrical probes. Pre-set values of the signal from the flow sensing system are used to switch a tri-coloured light source which traverses in unison with the probe, while a time exposure photograph is taken. For flow direction measurement, the signal activating the lights is computed from the pressure difference between yaw meter tappings on the cylinder in conjunction with the cylinder base pressure. Flow velocity is obtained from the base pressure alone, or alternatively from a hot wire probe.

Results are presented to show that the method can provide useful and detailed data. It is seen mainly as a complement to other methods available for visualising complex flows.
The equations of motion for a parachute system descending through a real fluid
Authors: Yavuz T.
Published: March 2023

For the computer simulation of bodies moving through real fluids input data about the aerodynamic and inertial forces and moments developed on them are required. It has long been known that under appropriate conditions the apparent masses of the body can play an important role in the determination of dynamic characteristics and this is certainly the case with parachute systems. In the past, because of inadequate experimental investigations, not all of the implications of apparent mass for this system have been fully appreciated. The current objective is therefore, in the light of experiments conducted on the measurement of apparent masses for some parachute canopies, to derive the relevant equations of motion for the parachute and store system and thus to determine the effects of various parameters on the dynamic characteristics of fully-deployed parachutes. In this system the store has been assumed to be rigidly connected to the canopy.
Investigations into the effects of scale and compressibility on lift and drag in the RAE 5m pressurised low-speed wind tunnel
Authors: Fiddes S. P. , Kirby D. A. , Woodward D. S. , Peckham D. H.
Published: March 2023

A survey is presented of results obtained from experiments in the RAE 5m low-speed pressurised wind tunnel. The tunnel is capable of operation over a range of pressures (from one to three atmospheres) so that the effects of Mach and Reynolds number may be separated. This decoupling of scale and compressibility effects has made possible reliable extrapolation of test results to full-scale conditions (where this is necessary) as well as giving greater insight into the underlying flow mechanisms. The large size of the tunnel, combined with pressurisation to three atmospheres, has enabled some tests, on small combat/trainer aircraft and on bomb-like stores, to be carried out at full scale.

Three facets of the work of the 5m tunnel are described — work aimed at predicting or improving the high-lift performance of specific aircraft, work of a more fundamental nature concerned particularly with the optimisation of high-lift devices on generalised research models, and work on the drag of stores carried externally on combat aircraft.
Online Reputation and Debt Capacity
Authors: Derrien François , Garel Alexandre , Romec Arthur , Weisskopf Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2023

We explore the effects of online customer ratings on financial policy. Using a large sample of Parisian restaurants, we find a positive and economically significant relationship between customer ratings and restaurant debt. We use the locally exogenous variations in customer ratings resulting from the rounding of scores in regression discontinuity tests to establish causality. Favorable online ratings reduce cash flow risk and increase resilience to demand shocks. Consistent with the view that good online ratings increase the debt capacity of restaurants and their growth opportunities, restaurants with good ratings use their extra debt to invest in tangible assets.
Future Atmospheric Rivers and Impacts on Precipitation: Overview of the ARTMIP Tier 2 High‐Resolution Global Warming Experiment
Authors: Shields Christine A. , Payne Ashley E. , Shearer Eric Jay , Wehner Michael F. , O’Brien Travis Allen , Rutz Jonathan J. , Leung L. Ruby , Ralph F. Martin , Marquardt Collow Allison B. , Ullrich Paul A. , Dong Qizhen , Gershunov Alexander , Griffith Helen , Guan Bin , Lora Juan Manuel , Lu Mengqian , McClenny Elizabeth , Nardi Kyle M. , Pan Mengxin , Qian Yun , Ramos Alexandre M. , Shulgina Tamara , Viale Maximiliano , Sarangi Chandan , Tomé Ricardo , Zarzycki Colin
Published: March 2023

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are long, narrow synoptic scale weather features important for Earth’s hydrological cycle typically transporting water vapor poleward, delivering precipitation important for local climates. Understanding ARs in a warming climate is problematic because the AR response to climate change is tied to how the feature is defined. The Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) provides insights into this problem by comparing 16 atmospheric river detection tools (ARDTs) to a common data set consisting of high resolution climate change simulations from a global atmospheric general circulation model. ARDTs mostly show increases in frequency and intensity, but the scale of the response is largely dependent on algorithmic criteria. Across ARDTs, bulk characteristics suggest intensity and spatial footprint are inversely correlated, and most focus regions experience increases in precipitation volume coming from extreme ARs. The spread of the AR precipitation response under climate change is large and dependent on ARDT selection.
Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization Is Dominated by Non‐Sorptive Process Among the Subsoils From Different Parent Material
Authors: Yu Mengxiao , Wang Ying‐Ping , Jiang Jun , Cao Nannan , Chang Zhongbing , Zhang Shuo , Yan Junhua
Published: March 2023

Soil parent material can strongly influence soil's physical and chemical properties, significantly affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization. However, the importance of different soil parent materials on the amount and composition of subsoil carbon in subtropical soils remains poorly qualified. Subsoil SOC (below A horizon) is chosen for this study because of its higher proportion of stable carbon than surface soils in A horizon. Here, we investigated the dependence of soil mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) and its three mineral‐stabilized fractions on soil physical and chemical parameters (clay content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and metal oxides) in the subsoil soil (B and C horizons) originating from three contrasting parent materials (sandshale, granite, limestone). The results showed that MAOC accounts for an average of 88% of total SOC, of which organo‐metal complexes (extracted with sodium pyrophosphate) are the dominant form at all three sites. MAOC and its three fractions were significantly correlated with soil clay, CEC, sodium pyrophosphate extractable Fe and oxalate extractable Fe concentrations (P < 0.05), which varied significantly with soil parent material. Since the sodium pyrophosphate plus oxalate‐ extracted mineral‐associated carbon accounted for more than 70% of MAOC, and the molar ratio between sodium pyrophosphate or oxalate‐ extracted mineral‐associated carbon and Fe (C:Fe) ranged from 2.7 to 17.1. The formation of Fe‐associated organic complex is dominated by co‐precipitation when C:Fe is >1. Therefore we conclude that non‐sorptive interactions with the mineral phase through co‐precipitation are the dominant mechanism for SOC stabilization in subtropical forest soils.
Hydrodynamic Feedbacks of Salt‐Marsh Loss in the Shallow Microtidal Back‐Barrier Lagoon of Venice (Italy)
Authors: Finotello Alvise , Tognin Davide , Carniello Luca , Ghinassi Massimiliano , Bertuzzo Enrico , D’Alpaos Andrea
Published: March 2023

Extensive loss of salt marshes in back‐barrier tidal embayments is ongoing worldwide as a consequence of land‐use changes, wave‐driven lateral marsh erosion, and relative sea‐level rise compounded by mineral sediment starvation. However, how salt‐marsh loss affects the hydrodynamics of back‐barrier systems and feeds back into their morphodynamic evolution is still poorly understood. Here we use a depth‐averaged numerical hydrodynamic model to investigate the feedback between salt‐marsh erosion and hydrodynamic changes in the Venice Lagoon, a large microtidal back‐barrier system in northeastern Italy. Numerical simulations are carried out for past morphological configurations of the lagoon dating back up to 1887, as well as for hypothetical scenarios involving additional marsh erosion relative to the present‐day conditions. The progressive loss of salt marshes significantly impacted the lagoon hydrodynamics, both directly and indirectly, by amplifying high‐tide water levels, reducing wind‐wave energy dissipation, and critically affecting tidal asymmetries across the lagoon. Restoration projects and manmade protection of marsh margins, which have been implemented over the past few decades, limited the detrimental effects of marsh loss on the lagoon hydrodynamics, while not substantially changing the risk of flooding in urban lagoon settlements. Compared to previous studies, our analyses suggest that the hydrodynamic response of back‐barrier systems to salt‐marsh erosion is extremely site‐specific, depending closely on the morphological characteristics of the embayment as well as on the external tidal and wind forcings.
Rivers in the Sky Are Hindering Winter Arctic Sea Ice Recovery
Authors: Fritts Rachel
Published: March 2023

Climate change is increasing the frequency of moisture-dumping atmospheric rivers in the Arctic. The storms are pushing back sea ice at a time of year when it should be expanding.
Disengagement and loss to follow-up in intravitreal injection clinics for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Jones Rebecca , Stratton Irene M. , Scanlon Peter H. , Theodoropoulou Sofia
Published: March 2023

Background/Objectives

Timely assessment and treatment of patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) are crucial to preservation of vision. Loss to follow up (LTFU) in these patients is a problem but this has not been systematically investigated.

Subjects/Methods

A retrospective review of electronic medical records of patients with nAMD first treated with anti-VEGF therapy from 1st Jan 2014 to 31st Dec 2018, was conducted in January 2021. Any patient not seen for more than 12 months was classed as no longer attending.

Results

Of the 1328 patients who attended between 2014 and 2018, 348 had failed to attend and were eligible for inclusion in this study. Reasons noted for discontinuation of care: discharged by clinician (33.3%), died (20.7%), moved to another unit outside of area (17.5%), stopped attending due to ill-health (13.5%), discharged due to failure to attend (5.6%) and patient choice to no longer attend (4.6%). There were 16 (4.6%) who did not receive any further appointments despite clinician request for follow-up. After 5 years, 50.5% of patients were no longer attending for treatment. Age was a factor in failure to attend, with 7 out of 12 patients aged >100 years no longer being followed up, compared to 1 out of 11 of 50–59 year-olds.

Conclusions

When analysing visual outcomes in an AMD service it is important to characterise the patients who are lost to follow up. The outcomes for this group may be avoidably poor and understanding the factors influencing LTFU rate is crucial to addressing shortcomings in a hospital AMD service.
Noninvasive electromyometrial imaging of human uterine maturation during term labor
Authors: Wang Hui , Wen Zichao , Wu Wenjie , Sun Zhexian , Kisrieva-Ware Zulfia , Lin Yiqi , Wang Sicheng , Gao Hansong , Xu Haonan , Zhao Peinan , Wang Qing , Macones George A. , Schwartz Alan L. , Cuculich Phillip , Cahill Alison G. , Wang Yong
Published: March 2023

Electromyometrial imaging (EMMI) was recently developed to image the three-dimensional (3D) uterine electrical activation during contractions noninvasively and accurately in sheep. Herein we describe the development and application of a human EMMI system to image and evaluate 3D uterine electrical activation patterns at high spatial and temporal resolution during human term labor. We demonstrate the successful integration of the human EMMI system during subjects’ clinical visits to generate noninvasively the uterine surface electrical potential maps, electrograms, and activation sequence through an inverse solution using up to 192 electrodes distributed around the abdomen surface. Quantitative indices, including the uterine activation curve, are developed and defined to characterize uterine surface contraction patterns. We thus show that the human EMMI system can provide detailed 3D images and quantification of uterine contractions as well as novel insights into the role of human uterine maturation during labor progression.
Regional clozapine, ECT and lithium usage inversely associated with excess suicide rates in male adolescents
Authors: Desai Boström Adrian E. , Andersson Peter , Rask-Andersen Mathias , Jarbin Håkan , Lundberg Johan , Jokinen Jussi
Published: March 2023

Advanced psychiatric treatments remain uncertain in preventing suicide among adolescents. Across the 21 Swedish regions, using nationwide registers between 2016–2020, we found negative correlation between adolescent excess suicide mortality (AESM) and regional frequencies of clozapine, ECT, and lithium (CEL) usage among adolescents (β = −0.613, p = 0.0003, 95% CI: −0.338, −0.889) and males (β = −0.404, p = 0.009, 95% CI: −0.130, −0.678). No correlation was found among females (p = 0.197). Highest CEL usage among male adolescents was seen in regions with lowest quartile (Q1) AESM (W = 74, p = 0.012). Regional CEL treatment frequency in 15–19-year-olds was related to lower AESM in males, reflecting potential treatment efficacy, treatment compliance or better-quality mental health care. Suicide prevention may benefit from early recognition and CEL treatment for severe mental illness in male adolescents. The results indicate association but further research, using independent samples and both prospective and observational methodologies, is needed to confirm causality.
Polarization-directed growth of spiral nanostructures by laser direct writing with vector beams
Authors: Lu Xiaolin , Wang Xujie , Wang Shuangshuang , Ding Tao
Published: March 2023

Chirality is pivotal in nature which attracts wide research interests from all disciplines and creating chiral matter is one of the central themes for chemists and material scientists. Despite of significant efforts, a simple, cost-effective and general method that can produce different kinds of chiral metamaterials with high regularity and tailorability is still demanding but greatly missing. Here, we introduce polarization-directed growth of spiral nanostructures via vector beams, which is simple, tailorable and generally applicable to both plasmonic and dielectric materials. The self-aligned near field enhances the photochemical growth along the polarization, which is crucial for the oriented growth. The obtained plasmonic chiral nanostructures present prominent optical activity with a g-factor up to 0.4, which can be tuned by adjusting the spirality of the vector beams. These spiral plasmonic nanostructures can be used for the sensing of different chiral enantiomers. The dielectric chiral metasurfaces can also be formed in arrays of sub-mm scale, which exhibit a g-factor over 0.1. However, photoluminescence of chiral cadmium sulfide presents a very weak luminescence g-factor with the excitation of linearly polarized light. A number of applications can be envisioned with these chiral nanostructures such as chiral sensing, chiral separation and chiral information storage.
Natural resources modulate the nexus between environmental shocks and human mobility
Authors: Brottrager Michael , Crespo Cuaresma Jesus , Kniveton Dominic , Ali Saleem H.
Published: March 2023

In the context of natural resource degradation, migration can act as means of adaptation both for those leaving and those supported by remittances. Migration can also result from an inability to adapt in-situ, with people forced to move, sometimes to situations of worse or of the same exposure to environmental threats. The deleterious impacts of resource degradation have been proposed in some situations to limit the ability to move. In this contribution, we use remote sensed information coupled with population density data for continental Africa to assess quantitatively the prevalence of migration and immobility in the context of one cause of resource degradation: drought. We find that the effect of drought on mobility is amplified with the frequency at which droughts are experienced and that higher income households appear more resilient to climatic shocks and are less likely to resort to mobility as an adaptation response.
BRD9-mediated chromatin remodeling suppresses osteoclastogenesis through negative feedback mechanism
Authors: Du Jiahui , Liu Yili , Wu Xiaolin , Sun Jinrui , Shi Junfeng , Zhang Hongming , Zheng Ao , Zhou Mingliang , Jiang Xinquan
Published: March 2023

Bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9), a component of non-canonical BAF chromatin remodeling complex, has been identified as a critical therapeutic target in hematological diseases. Despite the hematopoietic origin of osteoclasts, the role of BRD9 in osteoclastogenesis and bone diseases remains unresolved. Here, we show Brd9 deficiency in myeloid lineage enhances osteoclast lineage commitment and bone resorption through downregulating interferon-beta (IFN-β) signaling with released constraint on osteoclastogenesis. Notably, we show that BRD9 interacts with transcription factor FOXP1 activating Stat1 transcription and IFN-β signaling thereafter. Besides, function specificity of BRD9 distinguished from BRD4 during osteoclastogenesis has been evaluated. Leveraging advantages of pharmacological modulation of BRD9 and flexible injectable silk fibroin hydrogel, we design a local deliver system for effectively mitigating zoledronate related osteonecrosis of the jaw and alleviating acute bone loss in lipopolysaccharide-induced localized aggressive periodontitis. Overall, these results demonstrate the function of BRD9 in osteoclastogenesis and its therapeutic potential for bone diseases.
Risk factors for, and prediction of, exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses at British racecourses
Authors: Trigg Leah E , Lyons Sally , Mullan Siobhan
Published: March 2023

The development of exertional heat illness (EHI) is a health, welfare and performance concern for racehorses. However, there has been limited multivariable assessment of the possible risk factors for EHI in racehorses, despite such information being vital for regulators to effectively manage the condition. Consequently, this study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the occurrence of EHI in Thoroughbred racehorses and assess the ability of the risk factor model to predict the occurrence of EHI in racehorses to assist in early identification. Runners at British racecourses recorded in the British Horseracing Authority database between 1st July 2010 and 30th April 2018 were used to model the probability that a horse would present with EHI as a function of a suite of environmental, horse level and race level factors. EHI was reported in 0.1% of runners. Race distance, wet bulb globe temperature, preceding 5-day temperature average, occurrence of a previous EHI incident, going, year and race off time were identified as risk factors for EHI. The model performed better than chance in classifying incidents with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score of 0.884 (SD = 0.02) but had a large number of false positives. The results provide vital evidence for industry on the need to provide appropriate cool down facilities, identify horses that have repeated EHI incidents for early intervention, and collect new data streams such as on course wet bulb globe temperature measurements. The results are especially relevant as the sport is operating in a changing climate and must mitigate against more extreme and longer spells of hot weather.
Wavelet-artificial neural network to predict the acetone sensing by indium oxide/iron oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Iranmanesh Reza , Pourahmad Afham , Shabestani Danial Soltani , Jazayeri Seyed Sajjad , Sadeqi Hamed , Akhavan Javid , Tounsi Abdelouahed
Published: March 2023

This study applies a hybridized wavelet transform-artificial neural network (WT-ANN) model to simulate the acetone detecting ability of the Indium oxide/Iron oxide (In2O3/Fe2O3) nanocomposite sensors. The WT-ANN has been constructed to extract the sensor resistance ratio (SRR) in the air with respect to the acetone from the nanocomposite chemistry, operating temperature, and acetone concentration. The performed sensitivity analyses demonstrate that a single hidden layer WT-ANN with nine nodes is the highest accurate model for automating the acetone-detecting ability of the In2O3/Fe2O3 sensors. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm has fine-tuned the shape-related parameters of the B-spline wavelet transfer function. This model accurately predicts the SRR of the 119 nanocomposite sensors with a mean absolute error of 0.7, absolute average relative deviation of 10.12%, root mean squared error of 1.14, and correlation coefficient of 0.95813. The In2O3-based nanocomposite with a 15 mol percent of Fe2O3 is the best sensor for detecting acetone at wide temperatures and concentration ranges. This type of reliable estimator is a step toward fully automating the gas-detecting ability of In2O3/Fe2O3 nanocomposite sensors.
Mindfulness may be associated with less prosocial engagement among high intelligence individuals
Authors: Guo Qingke , Li Sisi , Liang Jingu , Yu Xinxin , Lv Yiqing
Published: March 2023

This study examined the role of dispositional mindfulness in the association between intelligence and prosocial behavior. A total of 759 college students (mean age is 22.03; 477 females) participated in exchange for extra credit in psychology course. The results confirmed a positive relationship between intelligence and prosocial behavior as revealed by many studies, with empathy serving as a potential mediator. Mindfulness negatively moderated all the hypothesized pathways between research variables. Specifically, with the increase of the levels of dispositional mindfulness, (1) the intelligence-prosociality association changed from positive to negative, (2) the intelligence-empathy association changed from positively significant to insignificant, (3) the empathy-prosociality association changed from stronger to weaker. These findings may suggest some limitations of mindfulness. That is, present moment awareness and acceptance of the status quo may result in reduced arousal when witnessing others suffering, thereby preventing high intelligence individuals from helping the sufferers to get rid of trouble.
Use of dual genomic sequencing to screen mitochondrial diseases in pediatrics: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Wu Teng-Hui , Peng Jing , Yang Li , Chen Yan-Hui , Lu Xiu-Lan , Huang Jiao-Tian , You Jie-Yu , Ou-Yang Wen-Xian , Sun Yue-Yu , Xue Yi-Nan , Mao Xiao , Yan Hui-Ming , Ren Rong-Na , Xie Jing , Chen Zhi-Heng , Zhang Victor-Wei , Lyu Gui-Zhen , He Fang
Published: March 2023

Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) were a large group multisystem disorders, attributable in part to the dual genomic control. The advent of massively sequencing has improved diagnostic rates and speed, and was increasingly being used as a first-line diagnostic test. Paediatric patients (aged < 18 years) who underwent dual genomic sequencing were enrolled in this retrospective multicentre study. We evaluated the mitochondrial disease criteria (MDC) and molecular diagnostic yield of dual genomic sequencing. Causative variants were identified in 177 out of 503 (35.2%) patients using dual genomic sequencing. Forty-six patients (9.1%) had mitochondria-related variants, including 25 patients with nuclear DNA (nDNA) variants, 15 with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants, and six with dual genomic variants (MT-ND6 and POLG; MT-ND5 and RARS2; MT-TL1 and NARS2; MT-CO2 and NDUFS1; MT-CYB and SMARCA2; and CHRNA4 and MT-CO3). Based on the MDC, 15.2% of the patients with mitochondria-related variants were classified as “unlikely to have mitochondrial disorder”. Moreover, 4.5% of the patients with non-mitochondria-related variants and 1.43% with negative genetic tests, were classified as “probably having mitochondrial disorder”. Dual genomic sequencing in suspected MDs provided a more comprehensive and accurate diagnosis for pediatric patients, especially for patients with dual genomic variants.
Development and validation of deep learning based embryo selection across multiple days of transfer
Authors: Theilgaard Lassen Jacob , Fly Kragh Mikkel , Rimestad Jens , Nygård Johansen Martin , Berntsen Jørgen
Published: March 2023

This work describes the development and validation of a fully automated deep learning model, iDAScore v2.0, for the evaluation of human embryos incubated for 2, 3, and 5 or more days. We trained and evaluated the model on an extensive and diverse dataset including 181,428 embryos from 22 IVF clinics across the world. To discriminate the transferred embryos with known outcome, we show areas under the receiver operating curve ranging from 0.621 to 0.707 depending on the day of transfer. Predictive performance increased over time and showed a strong correlation with morphokinetic parameters. The model’s performance is equivalent to the KIDScore D3 model on day 3 embryos while it significantly surpasses the performance of KIDScore D5 v3 on day 5+ embryos. This model provides an analysis of time-lapse sequences without the need for user input, and provides a reliable method for ranking embryos for their likelihood of implantation, at both cleavage and blastocyst stages. This greatly improves embryo grading consistency and saves time compared to traditional embryo evaluation methods.
Erbium-doped (Pb0.9-Er0.01-Zr0.09) and (Pb0.9-Er0.01-Zr0.045-Ti0.045) nano-crystalline films and nano-rods ceramic synthesis by sol–gel technique for energy-storage application
Authors: Ibrahim F. A. , El-Desoky M. M.
Published: March 2023

The development of dielectric constant materials for energy storage applications is in high demand. Lead zirconate and lead zirconate titanate doping with erbium thin films and bulk-based devices with variant dielectric constant were created in this work. Pb(0.9)-Er0.01Zr(0.09) (PEZ) and Pb0.9-Er0.01-Zr0.045-Ti0.045 (PEZT) thin films were produced on a glass substrate using a sol–gel doctor blade technique at low temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron diffraction (ED) were used to examine the structure of the produced nanocrystals. PEZ and PEZT films had nanocrystals that were 9.5 nm and 15 nm in size, respectively, whereas PEZ and PEZT bulk nano-rods had 455 ± 5 nm in length and 45 ± 1 nm in diameter. The TEM and XRD results were found to be completely consistent in terms of particle size. Ferroelectric properties and dielectric characteristics were found to be frequency dependent. Dielectric experiments revealed that the dielectric constant was decreasing for bulk samples compared to film samples. The energy-storage efficiency of PEZ films was roughly 66.01%, and 67.8% for PEZT. The residual polarization of the Er-doped PEZ and PEZT films was the highest, reaching 36.25 μC/cm2 and 69.79 μC/cm2, respectively, and the coercive fields were 43 kV/cm and 45.43 kV/cm, respectively. On the other hand, PEZ and PEZT bulk samples had residual polarizations of 27.15 μC/cm2 and 37.29 μC/cm2, respectively, while having coercive fields of 32.3 kV/cm and 39.3 kV/cm, respectively. It was found that (PEZ) and (PEZT) samples may have potential use in energy storage applications.
Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of Aloe vera adjunctive to β-tricalcium phosphate in class II furcation defects in dogs
Authors: Taalab Maha R. , Rehim Samia S. Abd El , Eldeeb Dina W. , El-Moslemany Riham M. , Abdelrahman Hams
Published: March 2023

Aloe vera has antimicrobial activity and enhances the osseointegration process, thus it may have the potential in treating periodontal defects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera as an adjunction to Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bone graft in Grade II furcation defects. A randomized study was conducted on six healthy mongrel dogs' premolars. A total of twenty-four Grade II furcation critical-sized defects were surgically created after reflecting a full-thickness flap, twelve defects were filled with β-TCP while the other twelve defects were filled with Aloe vera mixed with β-TCP and both covered by collagen membrane. Animals were euthanized at the end of the fourth and eighth week and defects were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically. Histologically, Aloe vera mixed with β-TCP resulted in more bone formation and new PDL fibers compared to β-TCP alone. After 2 and 4 weeks, the experimental group had significantly higher newly formed interradicular bone height (p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively), bone thickness (p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively), and percentage of the surface area (p = 0.009, and p = 0.023, respectively). Aloe vera gel adjunctive to β-TCP is an effective bioactive agent that enhances periodontal tissue regeneration and bone formation in critically sized defects.
Surveillance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogens recovered from ready-to-eat foods
Authors: Beshiru Abeni , Igbinosa Etinosa O.
Published: March 2023

This study examined the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus from ready-to-eat (RTE) food in Delta State, Nigeria. It also characterized antibiotic resistance and virulence gene profile patterns to determine the associated health risk hazard. Food samples total of 380 were collected randomly and assessed for V. parahaemolyticus. V. parahaemolyticus isolates were characterized for their virulence and antibiogram potentials using a phenotypic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. A total of 42 (11.1%) samples were contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus. In 17/42 (40.5%) of the V. parahaemolyticus-positive samples, the densities were < 10 MPN/g. However, 19/42 (45.2%) and 6/42 (14.3%) of the samples had densities of 10 – 102 and > 102 MPN/g, respectively. A total of 67 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were identified using PCR; 54(80.6%) isolates were multidrug resistant. A total of 22 (32.8%), 39 (58.2%), and 67 (100%) of the V. parahaemolyticus harbored the tdh, trh, and tlh toxin genes, respectively. The T3SS1 gene (vcrD1) was detected in 67 (100%) of the isolates. The T3SS2α genes which were vcrD2, vopB2, and vopT were detected in 21 (31.3%), 11 (16.4%) and 30 (44.8%) of the isolates respectively. Some of the V. parahaemolytics strains harbored the orf8 gene 20 (29.9%), and a combination of orf8 + tdh genes 12 (17.9%), categorized as pandemic strains. The antibiotic resistance genes detected in this study include blaTEM 33 (49.3), tetM 19 (28.4), cmlA 32(47.8) and sul1 14 (20.9). The concentration levels and prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in RTE foods indicate contamination of ready-to-eat foods, particularly street foods consumed in the Delta State of Nigeria, threatening public health and consumer safety.
TiO2–Ag–NP adhesive photocatalytic films able to disinfect living indoor spaces with a straightforward approach
Authors: Chirumbolo Salvatore , Gibellini Davide , Berto Luca , Cirrito Cinzia , Vella Antonio , Bjørklund Geir , Sbarbati Andrea , Bernardi Paolo , Tirelli Umberto
Published: March 2023

TiO2–Ag doped nanoparticulate (TiO2–Ag–NP) adhesive photocatalytic films were used to assess the ability in dropping down the burden of indoor microbial particles. The application of an easy-to use photocatalytic adhesive film to cleanse indoor living spaces from microbial pollution, represents a novelty in the field of photocatalytic devices. Reduction was attained by photocatalysis in selected spaces, usually with overcrowding (≥ 3 individuals) in the common working daily hours, and upon indoor microclimate monitoring. TiO2–Ag doped nanoparticulate (TiO2–Ag–NP) adhesive photocatalytic films were applied within five types of living spaces, including schools and job places. The microbial pollution was assessed at time 0 (far from routine clean, ≥ 9 h) and throughout 2–4 weeks following the photocatalyst application by relative light unit (RLU) luminometry and microbial indirect assessment (colony forming units per cubic meter, CFU/m3). TiO2–Ag–NP photocatalyst reduced RLU and CFU/m3 by rates higher than 70% leading to RLU ≤ 20 and microbial presence ≤ 35 CFU/m3. The described TiO2–Ag–NP is able to reduce microbial pollution to the lowest RLU threshold (≤ 20) within 60 min in open daylight in a standardized test room of 100 m2. The correlation between RLU and CFU/m3 was positive (r = 0.5545, p < 0.05), assessing that the microbial reduction of indoor areas by the TiO2–Ag–NP adhesive film was real. Titania photocatalysts represent promising tools to ensure air cleaning and sanitization in living indoor microclimates with a low cost, feasible and straightforward approach. This approach represents an easy to handle, cost effective, feasible and efficacious approach to reduce microbial pollution in indoor spaces, by simply attaching a TiO2–Ag–NP adhesive film on the wall.
DFT insights into competing mechanisms of guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation on a platinum cluster
Authors: Nania Chiara , Bertini Marco , Gueci Laura , Ferrante Francesco , Duca Dario
Published: March 2023

The pathways related to two limiting mechanisms for the conversion of the biomass-relevant molecule guaiacol to cyclohexane, as catalyzed by a subnanometric palladium cluster, were investigated by means of DFT.
Photoinduced copper-catalyzed enantioselective coupling reactions
Authors: Song Liangliang , Cai Lingchao , Gong Lei , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: March 2023

This review highlights the progress in photoinduced copper-catalyzed enantioselective coupling reactions.
Natural eumelanin-based porous N-doped carbon as an active bio-catalyst for base- and initiator-free aerobic oxidation of olefins and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Ghadge Vishal A. , Ravi Krishnan , Naikwadi Dhanaji R. , Shinde Pramod B. , Biradar Ankush V.
Published: March 2023

Eumelanin is an indolic biopolymer with catechol and heteroatom groups that possess highly redox active sites for the synthesis of excellent carbocatalyst for aerobic oxidation under base and additive-free conditions.
Asymmetric synthesis of 7-membered-ring-bridged 3,4-fused tricyclic indoles via Friedel–Crafts alkylation/annulation
Authors: Xue Bai-Yu , Hou Chen-Ying , Wang Xiao-Bing , Xie Ming-Sheng , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: March 2023

Regio- and enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation/N-hemiacetalization and dehydration sequence were reported using Ni(ii)-PyBPI complex as catalyst, affording chiral 7-membered-ring-bridged 3,4-fused tricyclic indoles in good results.
Impact of impurities on water electrolysis: a review
Authors: Becker Hans , Murawski James , Shinde Dipak V. , Stephens Ifan E. L. , Hinds Gareth , Smith Graham
Published: March 2023

This is the first comprehensive review of the impact of water impurities on PEM, AEM, and alkaline water electrolysers.
Revealing the nitrogen reaction pathway for the catalytic oxidative denitrification of fuels
Authors: Huber Michael , Poller Maximilian J. , Tochtermann Jens , Korth Wolfgang , Jess Andreas , Albert Jakob
Published: March 2023

The oxidative reaction pathway of organic nitrogen in the catalytic oxidative denitrogenation could be successfully elucidated.
Insights into self-degradation of cysteine esters and amides under physiological conditions yield new cleavable chemistry
Authors: Kang Xueying , Ye Haishun , Liu Shanshan , Tu Xiaoqiang , Zhu Jiqin , Sun Hongyan , Yi Long
Published: March 2023

Cysteine esters and amides spontaneously degrade under physiological conditions to generate H2S. This discovery not only provides new insights into fundamental science issues, but also inspires a class of tunable cleavage motifs for prodrug design.
Rationale for highly efficient and outdoor-stable terpolymer solar cells
Authors: Tang Hua , Liao Zhihui , Karuthedath Safakath , Chen Si , Liu Heng , Khan Jafar I. , Babics Maxime , Yang Wenchao , Alqurashi Maryam , He Yakun , Gorenflot Julien , Huang Jiaming , Li Gang , De Wolf Stefaan , Lu Xinhui , Brabec Christoph J. , Laquai Frédéric , Lu Shirong
Published: March 2023

Our findings unveil the structure-property relations and elucidate key rules for highly efficient and outdoor-stable terpolymer photovoltaics, paving the path to commercialization.
Structural design, biomimetic synthesis, and environmental sustainability of graphene-supported g-C3N4/TiO2 hetero-aerogels
Authors: Yang Guozheng , Guo Qi , Kong Hao , Luan Xin , Wei Gang
Published: March 2023

Graphene-supported C3N4/TiO2 hetero-aerogels with high photocatalytic properties and sustainability are designed and synthesized.
Hunting for interstellar molecules: rotational spectra of reactive species
Authors: Puzzarini Cristina , Alessandrini Silvia , Bizzocchi Luca , Melosso Mattia
Published: March 2023

Flash vacuum pyrolysis or DC discharge are exploited for the production of unstable/reactive species. A strategy relying on the interplay of experiment and theory is presented, which ultimately leads to line catalogs for astronomical searches.
Probiotics and postbiotics play a role in maintaining dermal health
Authors: Rawal Swasti , Ali Syed Azmal
Published: March 2023

Probiotics and postbiotics have emerged as an alternative to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of persistent skin infections.
Novel cyano-activated Cu(ii) complexes of arylhydrazones of active methylene nitriles and their catalytic application for azide–alkyne cycloaddition in water and glycerol
Authors: Gurbanov Atash V. , Mahmoud Abdallah G. , Aliyeva Vusala A. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: March 2023

Synthesis of five novel copper–arylhydrazone complexes and their catalytic activity for microwave-assisted click reaction in water and glycerol.
Sub-4 nm mapping of donor–acceptor organic semiconductor nanoparticle composition
Authors: Persson Ingemar , Laval Hugo , Chambon Sylvain , Bonfante Gwenael , Hirakawa Kazuhiko , Wantz Guillaume , Watts Benjamin , Marcus Matthew A. , Xu Xiaoxue , Ying Lei , Lakhwani Girish , Andersson Mats R. , Cairney Julie M. , Holmes Natalie P.
Published: March 2023

The first report of sub-4 nm mapping of donor : acceptor nanoparticle composition in eco-friendly colloidal dispersions for organic electronics.
Concise assembly of 7-ethynyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes from acetylenes and ketones
Authors: Schmidt Elena Yu. , Bidusenko Ivan A. , Protsuk Nadezhda I. , Ushakov Igor A. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: March 2023

A new family of natural-related bicyclic ketals became readily accessible in a simple atom-economic two-step procedure from acetylenes and ketones under mild transition-metal-free conditions.
Coordination directed metal covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Han Wang-Kang , Liu Yong , Yan Xiaodong , Gu Zhi-Guo
Published: March 2023

The research on coordination directed metal covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) is systematically reviewed for the continued development of this emerging field.
Selective reduction of carboxylic esters enabled by a coaxial double-tube continuous-flow reactor with on-the-fly H2 degassing
Authors: Wu Jiale , Zheng Xianjing , Wan Li , Tao Yuan , Cheng Dang , Chen Fener
Published: March 2023

Herein, a coaxial double-tube continuous-flow reactor is developed, which allows on-the-fly removal of the generated hydrogen gas from the reaction solution. This enables selective borohydride reduction of carboxylic esters to primary alcohols.
Recent advances in DNA-based electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensors
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Zhu Jingfeng , Chao Jie
Published: March 2023

In this review, we summarize and classify the signal output mode of DNA-based ECL biosensors and introduce different immobilization methods of DNA probes on electrodes.
Online deep Bingham network for probabilistic orientation estimation
Authors: Li Wenjie , Liu Jia , Hao Wei , Liu Haisong , Ren Dayong , Wang Yanyan , Chen Lijun
Published: March 2023

Orientation estimation is one of the core problems in several computer vision tasks. Recently deep learning techniques combined with the Bingham distribution have attracted considerable interest towards this problem when considering ambiguities and rotational symmetries of objects. However, existing works suffer from two issues. First, the computational overhead for calculating the normalisation constant of the Bingham distribution is relatively high. Second, the choice of loss functions is uncertain. In light of these problems, we present an online deep Bingham network to estimate the orientation of objects. We sharply reduce the computational overhead of the normalisation constant by directly applying a numerical integration formula. Additionally, we are the first to give theorems on the convexity and Lipschitz continuity of the Bingham distribution's negative log‐likelihood, which formally indicates that it is a proper choice of the loss function. We test our method on three public datasets, namely the UPNA, the T‐LESS and Pascal3D+, showing that our method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art in terms of orientation accuracy and time efficiency, which can reduce the runtime by more than 6 h compared to the offline methods. The ablation experiments further demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our model.
A high speed reconfigurable architecture for softmax and GELU in vision transformer
Authors: Li Tianyang , Zhang Fan , Xie Guangwei , Fan Xitian , Gao Yanzhao , Sun Mingqian
Published: March 2023

Transformers have been widely used in various computer vision applications. Compared to traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs), transformer's inference includes plenty of non‐linear operations, such as softmax and Gaussian error linear units (GELU). As the scale of transformers grows, an efficient hardware implementation of these operations is significant. However, the current works of computer vision neural network accelerators focus on CNN and less attention is paid to transformer. In addition, most current FPGA‐based softmax or GELU accelerators are not designed for vision transformer (ViT). To solve this problem, this work proposes a high speed reconfigurable accelerator. The architecture can support both softmax and GELU functions in ViT by reconfiguring the data path. This architecture on Xilinx XCVU37P is implemented through mathematical transformation and hardware optimization design, and achieve the performance of 102.4 Giga bits per second (Gbps) at 200 MHz. Experimental results show that the architecture achieves a very small accuracy loss in the ViT's inference by using fixed‐point 16‐bit quantization. Compared with existing accelerators, the design has greater throughput and area efficiency.