bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Ketersediaan Unsur Hara Fosfor (P) pada Lahan Sawah Intensif Kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Zuraida Zuraida , Jufri Yadi
Published: May 2020

Abstrak.Pemupukan fosfor (P) di lahan sawah seringkali dilakukan secara intensif pada setiap musim tanam, namun seringkali tanpa memperhatikan status hara P tanah, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya penimbunan P di dalam tanah.Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui ketersediaan unsur hara fosfor dan mengetahui sistem pengelolaan lahan sawah yang menunjukkan hasil produksi yang berbeda.Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian kadar P-tersedia di Kecamatan Sukamakmur rata-rata pada lahan sawah berproduksi tinggi 21,83 ppm dan pada lahan sawah berproduksi rendah 24,43 ppm, keduanya termasuk ke dalam kriteria sangat tinggi. Ketersediaan unsur P-total yaitu dengan rata-rata pada lahan sawah berproduksi tinggi 0,56 mg/100 g dan pada lahan sawah berproduksi rendah 0,89 mg/100 g, keduanya termasuk ke dalam kriteria sangat rendah. Produksi padi pada lahan berproduksi rendah diakibatkan (1) akibat penggunaan pupuk yang tidak tepat waktu, (2) serangan penyakit dan hama seperti: hama wereng,walang sangit, ulat, keong dan tikus dan (3)  irigasi tidak mencukupi sebagian petakan sawah. Evaluation of the Availability of Phosphorus Nutrients (P) on Intensive Rice Fields in Sukamakmur District, Aceh Besar RegencyAbstract. Phosphorus (P) fertilization in rice fields is often carried out intensively at each planting season, but often without regard to soil P nutrient status, causing the accumulation of P in the soil. The research objective is to determine the availability of phosphorus nutrients and to know the management system of rice fields which shows different production results. The method used is descriptive method. The results of the study of the levels of available P in Sukamakmur District on average in high-producing rice fields were 21.83 ppm and in low-producing paddy fields 24.43 ppm, both of them included in the very high criteria. The availability of P-total elements is, on average, in high-yielding rice fields 0.56 mg / 100 g and on low-producing rice fields 0.89 mg / 100 g, both of which fall into the very low criteria. Rice production on low production land is caused by (1) due to the use of fertilizer that is not timely, (2) disease and pest attacks such as plant hopper, pest control, caterpillars, snails and rats and (3) insufficient irrigation in part of rice fields.
Pengembangan Metode Klasifikasi Biji Kopi Sangrai Arabika Gayo dan Robusta Gayo dengan Metode PCA (Principal Component Analysis) Berdasarkan Pengolahannya
Authors: Maura Cut Faradilla Zha Zha , Fadhil Rahmat , Zulfahrizal Zulfahrizal
Published: May 2020

Abstrak. Tanaman kopi merupakan suatu tanaman yang dapat meningkatkan sumber devisa negara lewat ekspor biji mentah maupun olahan dari biji kopi. Pengolahan kopi yang berbeda maka akan menghasilkan mutu kopi yang berbeda juga, semakin bagus prosesnya maka akan semakin tinggi mutu dan harga dari kopi. Pendeteksian perbedaan proses pengolahannya yang cepat dan efisien dapat diwujudkan dengan teknologi Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS). Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun metode klasifikasi kopi arabika dan robusta Gayo menggunakan pengolahan full wash dan semi wash dalam bentuk biji kopi yang telah disangrai. Kopi disangrai pada tingkat medium (200-205ºC) dalam waktu 16 menit. Akuisisi spektrum kopi menggunakan Self developed FT-IR IPTEK T-1516. Selanjutnya data spektrum diolah menggunakan unscrambler software® X version 10.1 dengan metode PCA (Principal Component Analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NIRS dengan metode PCA mampu mengklasifikasikan biji kopi sangrai berdasarkan pengolahannya yaitu Semi wash dan Full wash. Melalui studi ini ditemukan juga selang panjang gelombang yang dapat mengidentifikasikan kualitas kopi sehingga dapat digunakan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dalam pengembangan model identifikasi kualitas kopi.Development of Classification Methods for Gayo Roasted Arabica Coffee and Gayo Robusta by PCA Method (Principal Component Analysis)Abstract. Coffee crop is a plant that can increase the country's foreign exchange source through the export of raw beans and processed coffee beans. Different coffee processing will produce different coffee quality as well, the better the process then the quality and price of the coffee is more higher. Therefore, alternative rapid and efficiently method is needed to detect differences in the processing of coffee. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) can be considered to be used due to its advantages. The main objective of this study is to build classification method of Gayo Arabica and Robusta coffee using fullwash and semiwash processing in form of roasted. Coffee is roasted at a medium level (200-205ºC) within 16 minutes. Acquisition of the coffee spectrum using Self-developed FT-IR IPTEK T-1516. Furthermore, the spectrum data is processed using unscrambler software ® X version 10.1 with the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method. The results showed that NIRS with the PCA method was able to classify roasted coffee beans based on its processing, namely Semi wash and Full wash. Through this study, it was also found that wavelength intervals can identify coffee quality so that it can be used for further research in developing coffee quality identification models
Pengaruh Jenis Bahan Pengisi Kemasan Terhadap Mutu Fisik Pada Saat Transportasi Buah Alpukat (Persia Americana MILL)
Authors: Subhan Maulana , Sari Sri Purnama , Ratna Ratna
Published: May 2020

Abstrak. Pengemasan secara khusus perlu dilakukan untuk menjaga kualitas mutu fisik buah selama transportasi, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bahan pengisi kemasan terhadap mutu fisik buah alpukat selama transportasi. Pengamatan meliputi buah alpukat dengan variasi bahan pengisi kemasan dengan menggunakan alat transportasi darat yaitu mobil pengangkutan serta menganalisis kerusakan fisik, kekerasn susut bobot, skala kerusakan dan temperature. Transportasi ini akan dilakukan sejauh 300 km.Effect of Type of Packaging Material on Physical Quality When Transporting Avocados (Persian Americana MILL)Abstract. Pasteurized milk is processed milk through heating process at temperatures below its boiling point, therefore it still has the form and flavor of fresh milk. The quality of pasteurized milk is the condition of processing and post pasteurization. Staphylococcus aureus is an indicator of milk hygiene. Ninety eight pasteurized milk samples from seven brands were collected in Jakarta and Bogor. Parameters observed were milk composition and the amount of Staphylococcus aureus in milk. The results showed that the pasteurized milk compositions (fat, protein and dry matter) were in accordance with the composition attached of the labels products in SNI No.01-3951-1995. Moreover, we found that 71.4% of the samples containing Staphylococcus aureus above the milk quality standard ( 1.2 x 101 cfu/ml) according to SNI No. 01-6366-2000.
Kajian Pembuatan Infused Water dari Buah Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera) dengan Penambahan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantiifolia)
Authors: Muzaifa Murna , Lubis Yanti Meldasari , Arifullah M.
Published: May 2020

Research has been conducted to analyze the effect of soaking time and addition of lime slices on the characteristics of infused water dates. This research was conducted in a laboratory scale using Completely Randomized Design consisting of 2 factors, namely soaking time (P) and number of lime slices (J). The first factor, soaking time consists of 3 levels, namely P1 = 1 day, P2 = 3 days, P3 = 5 days. The second factor is the number of pieces of lime (J) consisting of 3 levels, namely J1 = 1 piece, J2 = 2 pieces and J3 = 3 pieces. There were 9 treatment combinations with 3 replications, so that as a whole 27 unit experiments were obtained. The parameters analyzed were the ethanol content, Vitamin C content and hedonic test on color, aroma and taste. Ethanol content, hedonic color and aroma of infused water dates are influenced by soaking time, while the levels of Vitamin C and hedonic taste are influenced by the addition of lime. The interaction between soaking time and addition of lime influence the levels of Vitamin C of infused water. The longer soaking and the more dates used, the higher the ethanol content produced. The highest ethanol was obtained at 5 days treatment (0.98% w / v). The more the amount of lime used, the higher the levels of vitamin C in the infused water produced. The level of preference for panelists tends to decrease with increasing immersion time and addition of lime slices. Keywords :  etanol, infosed water, lime, date, Vitamin C
Karakteristik Kimia Biskuit dari Tepung dan Serat Ubi Jalar Ungu
Authors: Limanto Stefani , Julianti Elisa , Lubis Zulkifli
Published: May 2020

Purple sweet potato is one type of tuber that is rich in carbohydrates in the form of starch and fiber. It also contains purple anthocyanin pigments. In this research, purple sweet potato was processed into flour and starch. Starch processing solid waste can be utilized by processing it into fiber flour. Purple sweet potato flour and fiber were then used as the basis for making biscuits at a ratio of 75: 25 and compared to biscuits made from 100% purple sweet potato flour and wheat flour. The resulting biscuits were then analyzed for their chemical characteristics. The results showed that the ratio of flour gave a very significantly different effect on the value of water content, total dietary fiber content, insoluble dietary fiber content and % nutritional adequacy rate of food fiber, and had no significant effect on the value of ash content, protein content, fat content, content carbohydrates, total flavonoids, insoluble dietary fiber content, calorie intake and fulfillment of daily energy adequacy.
Analisis Pindah Panas pada Ruang Fermentasi Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L) dengan Menggunakan Kotak Kayu dan Styrofoam
Authors: Rahmi Fazzatul , Zulfahrizal Zulfahrizal , Siregar Kiman
Published: May 2020

Abstrak. Fermentasi merupakan kegiatan untuk melepaskan zat lendir dari permukaan kulit biji dan menghasilkan biji mutu dan aroma yang baik. Selain itu fermentasi juga dilakukan untuk menghindari tumbuhnya jamur selama masa penyimpanan. Selama fermentasi berlangsung akan terjadinya perpindahan panas/ suhu di dalam kotak fermentasi. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian yaitu untuk melihat perubahan suhu selama proses fermentasi, mengetahui pengaruh bahan kotak (kayu dan styrofoam) terhadap perpindahan panas di dalam kotak fermentasi dan perpindahan panas dari dalam kotak fermentasi terhadap lingkungan luar. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa suhu ideal fermentasi pada kotak kayu dihasilkan pada hari ke-5, sedangkan kotak styrofoam suhu ideal dihasilkan pada hari ke-3. Perpindahan panas pada bahan kayu suhunya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bahan styrofoam. Hal ini disebabkan karena panas pada kotak kayu keluar lebih cepat, sehingga suhu pada proses fermentasi bisa lebih rendah dibandingkan menggunakan kotak styrofoam. Hasil fermentasi biji kakao dengan menggunakan kotak kayu didapatkan biji kakao yang bagus yaitu pada hari ke-5 fermentasi dan kotak styrofoam pada hari ke-5 fermentasi didapatkan biji kakao yang berjamur. Analysis Of Transfer Heat Room Of Cocoa Seed Fermentation (Theobroma cacao L.) Using Wood Box and StyrofoamAbstract. Fermentation is an activity to remove mucous substances from the skin surface to produce quality of seed and good aroma. In addition, fermentation also done to avoid the growth of mold during storage period. During fermentation, the heat transfer / temperature will be happen inside the fermentation box. The aim of this study is to observe the changes of temperature during the fermentation process, knowing the effect of packaging materials (wood and styrofoam) to heat transfer in the fermentation box and heat transfer from inside of fermentation box to the environment in the outside. The results showed that the ideal temperature of fermentation in wooden boxes was obtained in the fifth day, while the ideal temperature of fermentation in styrofoam was obtained in the third day. Heat transfer in the wood material is higher than in the Styrofoam material. This was due of the heat in a wooden box go out faster, so that the temperature in the fermentation process may be lower than using a styrofoam box.The result of cocoa seed fermentation using a wooden box obtained a good cocoa seed on the fifth day of fermentation and while using a styrofoam box cocoa seed were moldy in the fifth day.
Near Infrared Technology As a Robust and Environmental Friendly Approach To Biofuel Analysis: Rapid Biodiesel Classification and Quality Prediction
Authors: Munawar Agus Arip , Siregar Kiman , Agussabti Agussabti
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The use of ethanol and biodiesel, which are alternative fuels or biofuels, has increased in the last few years. Modern ofﬁcial standards list 25 parameters that must be determined to certify biodiesel quality. In order to determine biofuel quality, several methods were already widely used in which most of them were based on solvent extraction followed by other laboratory procedures. Yet, these methods are expensive, laborious and complicated processing for samples. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can be considered as a fast, pollution-free and non-destructive method in determining biofuel quality parameters. The objective of this study is to apply near infrared technology in classifying biodiesel based on KOH (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7) and to predict related biodiesel quality properties (water content, linolenic fatty acid, oleic acid,  and stearic acid) based on its infrared reflectance. Biodiesel infrared spectrum was acquired in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm for different mentioned three KOH content. Principal component analysis (PCA) with non-iterative partial least square (NIPALS) was applied to analyze biodiesel spectral data. The result showed that two principal components (PC1=97% ad PC2 = 2%) based on infrared reflectance data were successfully able to recognize and classify biodiesel based on their used KOH. Moreover, the wavelength range of 1000 – 1140 were to be believed related to linolenic fatty acid whilst 1450 nm and 1930 nm were associated with water content. Stearic acid can be predicted in wavelength range of 1330 – 1380 nm and wavelength range of 1725 – 1790 nm were related to oleic acid of biodiesel. This may conclude that infrared technology was feasible to use as a rapid, effective and non-invasive method in biofuel classification and evaluation.
Karakteristik Mutu Minyak Pala Berdasarkan Peralatan Distilasi Drum Bekas dan Distilasi Stainless (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan)
Authors: Mustafril Mustafril
Published: May 2020

Quality Characteristics of Nutmeg Oil Between Used Barrels Distillation and Stainless Distillation  (A Case Study in Aceh Selatan Regency)ABSTRACT. The Province of Aceh is the center of nutmeg oil production in Indonesia, which is about 70%-75% of the nutmeg oil production in Indonesia, is produced in the districts of South Aceh and Southwest Aceh. The rest is coming from the provinces of West Sumatra and West Java. Meanwhile, the nutmeg harvested in Maluku, North Maluku, North Sulawesi, and West Papua is not processed for its essential oil, but merely exported as spices. It is estimated that in 2017 the production of nutmeg oil will reach about 350-400 tones. The government has put a standard for nutmeg oil based on SNI 06-2388-2006. Therefore, taking this standard as consideration, a study on the characteristics of nutmeg oil quality in South Aceh was carried with 14 distillers as the sample. The tested nutmeg oil was taken from the distillers, both stainless distillation drum and used drum. The characteristics of nutmeg oil coming out of the used drum is from colorless to pale yellowish one, has nutmeg scent, specific gravity: 0,884 - 0,960, rafractive index: 1,481-1,500, optical rotation: (+)6,20o - (+)19,30o and rest of evaporation  is between 5,70% - 28,15%. On the other hand, the characteristic of nutmeg oil taking from stainless distiller is colorless, has nutmeg scent, specific gravity: 0,861 - 0,892 refractive index:  1,472 - 1,484, optical rotation: (+)10,83o- (+)18,00o, and rest of evaporation is 0,50% - 4,80%. Most of nutmeg oil processed by used drum did not meet the SNI standard, whereas few of nutmeg oil distilled in stainless and semi stainless drum has met the SNI standard of nutmeg oil.Correlation of specific gravity and refraction index of nutmeg oil for stainless distillation is refraction index (Y) = 0,3151X + 1,2014, where R2 = 0,8403; whereas for used barrels distillation is refraction index (Y) = 0,28X + 1,2334, where R2 = 0,9637.Correlation of Optical Rotation for stainless distillation is Optical Rotation (Y) = -223,02X + 209,81, where R2 = 0,9645;conversely, forused barrels distillation Optical Rotation (Y) = -155,01X + 156,2, where R2 = 0,9348.Correlation of refraction index with Optical Rotation for nutmeg oil distilled with stainless distillation is Optical Rotation (Y) = -610,36X + 915,96, where R2 = 0,8536; contrarily for distillation with used barrels Optical Rotation (Y) = -545,71X + 827,26, where R2 = 0,9427.
Pendugaan Umur Simpan Tomat (Lycopersium esculentum Mill) berdasarkan Kandungan Total Padatan Terlarut dengan Model Arrhenius dan Q10
Authors: Khathir Rita , Sarmedi Sarmedi , Putra Bambang Sukarno , Agustina Raida
Published: May 2020

Abstrak. Informasi umur simpan tomat sangat penting untuk proses penanganan pasca panennya sehingga dapat mengurangi resiko kerugian yang dihadapi oleh para petani dan pedagang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model Arrhenius dan Q10 dapat digunakan untuk menduga umur simpan tomat berdasarkan nilai total padatan terlarut (TPT). Tomat segar terbaik yang diperoleh dari pasar induk disimpan dengan 3 variasi suhu ekstrim yaitu 50˚C, 60˚C dan 70 ˚C. Selama penyimpanan tersebut dilakukan pengamatan nilai TPT setiap 1 jam sekali, sampai keadaan tomat sudah tidak layak untuk dikonsumsikan lagi. Peralatan yang digunakan adalah refraktometer digital. Analisis model Arrhenius dilakukan dengan pendekatan persamaan linier. Pendugaan umur simpan dilakukan dengan metode Q10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Arrhenius perubahan TPT tomat adalah k = 7,46x1012. e -8666/T . Energi aktivasi perubahan TPT buah tomat adalah 17.158 kal/mol. Nilai Q10 diperoleh sebesar 2,18. Pendugaan umur simpan dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan ini baik menggunakan basis suhu penyimpanan 10 maupun 30 °C. Umur simpan tomat pada suhu 30 °C adalah 4,4 dan 5 hari, sedangkan umur simpan tomat pada suhu 10 °C adalah 21 dan 23,8 hari. Perlu penelitian lanjutan untuk menduga umur simpan tomat menggunakan parameter mutu lain seperti vitamin C dan kekerasan untuk meningkatkan validitas hasil pendugaan umur simpannya.  The prediction of Tomato shelf life Based on Its Total Soluble Solid by Using Arrhenius and Q10 Model Abstract. The information about shelf life of tomato is necessary for its post harvest handling to reduce the loss facing by farmers and sellers. The study aimed to observe that the Arrhenius model and Q10 can be used to estimate the shelf life of tomatoes based on its total soluble solid (TSS). The fresh tomatoes obtained from the market were stored at three extreme temperatures i.e. 50˚C, 60 ˚C, and 70 ˚C. During the storing, the TSS was analyzed every hour, until the tomatoes quality was decreased. The TSS was observed by using refractometer. The Arrhenius model were evaluate through the TSS model in linier model. The shelf life estimation were calculated by Q10 method. Results showed that the Arrhenius model of TSS changes in tomatoes was k = k = 7.46x1012. e -8,666/T. The energy activation of TSS changes was about 17,158 kal/mol. The Q10 value was 2.18. The estimation of tomato shelf life can be run successfully by using the Arrhenius and Q10 approach, both at storage temperature basis of 10 and 30 °C. The shelf life of tomatoes at storage temperature 30 were 4.4 and 5 days, respectively, whereas at storage temperature 10 °C were 21 and 23.8 days, respectively. Therefore it is recommended for the further study to evaluate the other quality parameter changes such as vitamin C and hardness to improve the model.
Studi Ketebalan Elektroda Pada Produksi Gas HHO (Hidrogen Hidrogen Oksigen) Oleh Generator Hho Tipe Basah Dengan Katalis NaHCO3 (Natrium Bikarbonat)
Authors: Sopandi Ihsan , Hananto Yuli , Rudiyanto Bayu
Published: May 2020

Abstrak. Salah satu energi alternatif yang efektif dikembangkan sekarang ini untuk mengganti bahan bakar minyak yaitu hidrogen. Untuk mendapatkan gas hidrogen dapat  dilakukan melalui proses elektrolisis air dengan memecahkan senyawa H2O menjadi gas HHO (Hidrogen Hidrogen Oksigen) dengan bantuan listrik arus searah (Direct Current) melalui media elektroda berupa plat stainless steel 304. Pada penelitian ini, akan diteliti hasil produksi gas HHO oleh generator HHO tipe basah dengan metode elektrolisa H2O menggunakan variasi ketebalan elektroda jenis stainless steel 304 yaitu 0,8 mm, 1 mm dan 1,2 mm dengan katalis NaHCO3 (Natrium Bikarbonat) pada larutan elektrolitnya. Karakteristik yang diketahui meliputi konsumsi daya listrik yang digunakan oleh generator, volume gas yg dihasilkan,  laju produksi gas HHO yang dihasilkan dan efisiensi generator. Hasil penelitian dan pengujian generator HHO tipe basah ini didapatkan generator terbaik pada ketebalan elektroda 1 mm diperoleh data hasil pengujian dengan daya HHO yang digunakan sebesar 59,11 Watt, laju produksi gas HHO yang dihasilkan sebanyak 0,00054 kg/s dan efisiensi generator HHO sebesar 9,42 %. Study On The  Electrode Thickness In HHO (Hidrogen Hidrogen Oksigen) Gas Production By Wet Type HHO Generator With Catalyst NaHCO3 (Natrium Bikarbonat)Abstract. One of the alternative energy that effective and currently being developed to replace fossil fuels is hydrogen. To obtain the hydrogen gas can be done through the process of electrolysis of water by breaking the compound H2O into HHO (Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen) gas by using an electric direct current through the medium of 304 stainless steel plate  as an electrode. This research will be developing and observing HHO gas production process using HHO generator wet type (wet cell) through electrolysis H2O with thickness variation of electrode that used 0.8 mm, 1 mm and 1.2 mm of electrode 304 stainless steel plate with NaHCO3 (Nathrium Bicarbonat) catalyst in the electrolyte solution. Characteristics that will be observed including the consumption of electrical power used by the generators, produced gas volume, HHO gas production rate and generator efficiency. Results of research and HHO generator wet type (wet cell) testing have obtained the best generator at a thickness of 1 mm electrode, testing data obtained with the use of HHO power of 59.11 watts, the rate of production of HHO gas is 0.00054 kg/s and HHO generator efficiency by 9.42%.
Studi Penggunaan Plat Elektroda Netral Stainless Steel 316 dan Aluminium Terhadap Performa Generator HHO Dry Cell
Authors: Arifin Tasrif , Rudiyanto Bayu , Susmiati Yuana
Published: May 2020

Abstrak. Generator HHO merupakan alat yang menggunakan prinsip elektrolisis air untuk memisahkan unsur-unsur kandungan air murni (H2O) menjadi Gas HHO, dalam upaya peningkatan performanya tentu dibutuhkan bahan konduktor yang memiliki sifat kelistrikan baik. Penambahan plat elektroda netral ialah bertujuan untuk meningkatkan performa elektroliser dan mengatasi berbagai macam permasalahan yang terjadi pada saat proses elektrolisis air bekerja. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa plat elektroda netral aluminium mampu meningkatkan nilai performanya sedangkan untuk plat SS 316 mampu meminamalisir persentase losses energy. Larutan AMDK murni terbukti mampu meningkatkan produktivitas gas dibandingkan dengan larutan aquades murni, tetapi kelemahan dari larutan AMDK yaitu mudahnya terbentuk gel-gel, sehingga menghambat pergerakan elektron dan laju aliran produksi. Karateristik sifat bahan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pencapaian kinerja Generator HHO karena tidak semua jenis plat elektroda netral mampu meningkatkan performanya. Sifat-sifat kelistrikkan bahan yang sangat berpengaruh ialah sifat keelektronegatifan atau potesial elektroda dan koefisien nilai muai dari suatu bahan konduktor. Usage Study Neutral Electrode Plate Stainless Steel 316 and Aluminium of Performance Generator HHO Dry Cell TypeAbstract. Generator is a tool that use principle of water electrolysis to separated the element of pure water conscience (H2O) be HHO gas, in effort to increase the perform of HHO Generator is needed a conductor ingredients which has a good electricity character the direction of addition neutral electrode plate is to increase the electrolyzer perform and to overcome every problem that happen when the water electrolisys process is going. This research shows that neutral electrode aluminium plate can increase the performance value and the SS 316 plate can minimize the percentage of losses energy. The pure AMDK solution proofs that can increase the gas productivity than the pure aquadest solution, but the weakness of AMDK solution can to form gel easily, which cause the electrons movement and the flowrate production are blocked. The characteristic of water usage is influence to HHO Generator work maximum value, because for every type of netral electrode plate can’t increase the performance of generator. The electricity characteristic of material that every influence is the electronegatifity character or electrode potential and the expansion coefficient from the conductor materials.
Aplikasi Kontrol PI (Proportional Integral) pada Katup Ekspansi Mesin Pendingin
Authors: Rudiyanto Bayu , Susanto Agus , Susmiati Yuana
Published: May 2020

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan proses perancangan dan pembuatan kontrol katup ekspansi otomatis dengan menggunakan sistem kontrol PI, untuk melakukan proses pengontrolan temperatur ruang evaporator agar didapatkan hasil pembekuan yang lebih optimal. Sensor temperatur LM35 digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk melakukan pembacaan temperatur pada ruang evaporator, yang mana dari hasil pembacaan sensor tersebut digunakan sebagai sinyal masukan untuk sistem kontrol PI. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian sensor LM35 mempunyai sensitivitas pembacaan sebesar 0,009335 V/oC.  Unjuk kerja sistem kontrol PI pada penelitian ini didapatkan respon yang baik pada nilai Kp = 20 dan Ki = 10, dimana dengan nilai berikut untuk mencapai temperatur set point waktu yang dibutuhkan selama 251 detik dengan nilai maximum overshoot lebih rendah yaitu -2,4 oC. Hasil pendinginan yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan sistem kontrol katup ekspansi otomatis didapat proses pendinginan yang lebih cepat dan energi yang dibutuhkan jauh lebih hemat yaitu sebesar 0,265 kWh. The Application of A Control PI (Proportional Integral) on Expansion Valves Refrigeration Machine Abstract. This research aim to do design process and making control valve expansion automatic by using control system PI, which then applied on refrigerator plates touch to perform the process of control freezing temperatures. Censor temperature LM35 used in this research to do reading the temperature at evaporator room, of results reading sensors is used as input signal to control system PI. Based on the test result of testing censor LM35 have the sensitivity reading of almost accordance with the datav sheet is as much as 0,009335 V/oC. Were control sistem works PI the research this obtained response good to value center Kp = 20 and Ki =10. In which value, to reach set temperature point , the time it takes 251 seconds by value maximum overshoot point lower then -2.4°C. The result of this research shows that using, control system valve expansion automatic obtained the process of cooling faster and the energy needed is more efficient, is a much as 0.265 kWh.
Prostitución en contextos de conflicto armado en Colombia
Authors: Gallego-Montes Gabriel
Published: May 2020

This article presents two cases of victimization of female sex workers in the armed conflict context in the cities of Manzanares and Samaná, Caldas. In methodological terms, the research was presented from a qualitative perspective that establishes a centrality of the survivors and witnesses’ testimony and narrative of the facts that allow the key reconstruction of historical memory. The findings allow to infer that tolerance zones, bars, and canteens where prostitution is exercised are configured in small mountain villages, border places, thresholds between urban and rural areas, red zones and time bombs as they constitute centers of information circulation and social regulation by regular and irregular armies, making them a perfect target for actions of social cleansing and forced displacement based on stigma and the signaling of cooperation to opposing armies.
Understanding Socialist Television
Authors: Mihelj Sabina
Published: May 2020

This article develops a number of conceptual and methodological proposals aimed at furthering a firmer agenda for the field of socialist television studies. It opens by addressing the issue of relevance of the field, identifying three critical contributions the study of socialist television can make to media, communication and cultural studies. It then puts forward a number of proposals tied to three key issues: strategies of overcoming the Cold War framework that dominates much of existing literature; the importance of a multilayered analysis of socialist television that considers its cultural, political as well as economic aspects; and the ways in which we can challenge the prevalence of methodological nationalism in the field.
The Eichmann Trial on East German Television
Authors: Keilbach Judith
Published: May 2020

The trial against Adolf Eichmann was one of the first transnational media events on television. Its world-wide coverage required transnational cooperation. Using East German television reports about the trial this article argues that although the event transcended national borders it maintained at the same time ideological boundaries.
Intervision
Authors: Yurtaeva Yulia
Published: May 2020

The research on the “Intervision”, used as an empiric case study about the inter-cultural communication between its participants, consists of examining primary sources spread over several archives throughout Europe to collect structural and administrative data, making interviews with contemporary witnesses and evaluating statistics – with mainly the task to widen the perspective on a subject, that was formerly nation-focused or being described with a Western view only. As the preliminary steps of a basic study on the History of the Program Exchange in Eastern Europe during the Cold War, this research became an example, with which challenges one is confronted within an Media Archaeological task.
Connected Enemies?
Authors: Beutelschmidt Thomas , Oehmig Richard
Published: May 2020

This article examines GDR television from a media-historical perspective with special focus on the inter- and transnational communication between Eastern and Western Europe in the Cold War until the dissolution of the separate spheres of power in 1990. It focuses on the development and function of the “Organisation Internationale de diffusion et de Télévision Radio” (OIRT), which was founded in 1946, and their network “Intervision”, founded in 1960, both centred in Prague. The OIRT, as an umbrella organization, coordinated cooperation between the TV-stations in the socialist community and represented their interests to the “European Broadcasting Union” (UER/EBU) and the “Eurovision” system. While “Intervision” handled the direct program traffic between the stations, exchange of movies and occasionally TV series was an autonomous field. A central conclusion is that the program transfer had a hand in a partial rapprochement and dialogue between East and West. In addition, these permanent relations triggered an early synchronization process with a tendency to cross-culture productions – even if the partial opening in Eastern Europe before 1990 brought only limited pluralism and could not contribute to genuine participation.
'Goodwill Ambassador'
Authors: Jansen Hendriks Gerda
Published: May 2020

The article looks back at the films commissioned and produced by the Dutch governments about their colony in teh East-Indies between 1912 and 1962. The main focus is on the newsreels and documentaries about the colonial war between the Netherlands and Indonesia from 1945 to 1949. The article reviews these films and the re-use of their footage in later television programs. The programs often look back at the colonial war in ways that go beyond the purpose of the original films and the article aims to show the methods that are used to do this.
Measuring Transnationalism
Authors: Larkey Edward , Digeon Landry , Er Ibrahim
Published: May 2020

This article elucidates a typology for cross-culturally comparing different versions of television formats. Digital tools are used to derive quantitative data based on temporal parameters of episode or genre of the narrative structure, content, and sequencing. Type one, which we also call “transposed narratives,” retains the narrative structure and sequencing while extending and expanding the narrative structure to readjust to longer broadcast times. Type two, which we call ‘transmutated narratives,’ re-distributes and re-organizes the narrative structure and sequencing to adjust to both extended broadcast time and other culturally relevant proximity issues. Type three adaptations display genre structure similarities while narrative structure, sequencing and content diverge. These we call ‘derived narratives.’
TV Commercials' Second Life
Authors: Biernawska Krystyna
Published: May 2020

The objective of this article is to look at the cultural indicators of television in the Netherlands from the perspective of feature that is essential to commercial TV - audiovisual advertisements. TV advertisements have been continuously gaining recognition as vital part of shared, cultural memory amongst audiences. It is therefore worth looking into the current practices of archiving and reuse of these ephemeral texts, including the digital environment. Once any commercial is removed from its original context of the broadcast TV flow and of its commercial layer, to be then placed in the archival setting – its meaning becomes radically altered. Consequently, the question is - what is left of a commercial and what becomes a cultural memory, often embedded deeply in collective psyche of generations of broadcast viewers, in the archival environment?
Experimento integrador de volumetria de neutralização com indicador alternativo para o Ensino Superior
Authors: Matias Tatiane Brescovites , Santos Vanessa Machado da Silva , Gomes Sandra Inês Adams Angnes , Giusti Edneia Durli , Stadler João Paulo
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de um experimento integrativo de volumetria de neutralização empregando indicador alternativo (extrato de repolho roxo) desenvolvido durante o trabalho de conclusão de curso de duas acadêmicas de Licenciatura em Química com base nos passos da abordagem experimental integradora. Baseado nos conceitos de estudo de caso, este trabalho apresenta etapas da abordagem integradora baseada na problemática da utilização de indicadores alternativos em práticas de laboratório. Na etapa de pré-laboratório foram feitas a pesquisa prévia e os procedimentos estabelecidos no estudo; na fase de laboratório, os dados foram obtidos a partir da técnica com o uso do indicador alternativo; e no momento de pós-laboratório foi feita a comparação dos resultados com os dados de indicadores comerciais para resolução do problema proposto. A partir dos protocolos experimentais, foi possível perceber que o extrato de repolho roxo tem pontos de viragem com coloração definida que coincidem com os pontos de viragem de indicadores comerciais, indicando possibilidade de uso em práticas de volumetria de neutralização. Além disso, pode-se perceber que a abordagem integradora é capaz de significar o conteúdo de maneira a tornar os acadêmicos protagonistas na construção do conhecimento.
Comportamento suicida no ensino superior brasileiro: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Itada Silvério Melissa , Santos de Souza Leonardo , Santina Murgo Camélia
Published: May 2020

Dados epidemiológicos revelam aumento expressivo das taxas de suicídio consumado, bem como ideação e tentativa de suicídio entre o público infanto-juvenil, especialmente dos sujeitos inseridos no contexto universitário. Entretanto, as variáveis associadas ao fenômeno são diversas, explicitando a necessidade de uma revisão acerca do que tem sido produzido sobre a temática para que estratégias interventivas mais efetivas possam ser elaboradas visando a promoção de saúde mental no ensino superior. Neste sentido, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura dos últimos 10 anos que abordasse o comportamento suicida no contexto universitário brasileiro, consultando as bases de dados: CAPES, BVS, PePSIC e Scielo, empregando o descritor “Tentativa de suicídio”, visando abranger o maior número de trabalhos. Foi possível extrair 4 artigos que atendessem aos critérios de elegibilidade, revelando que o suicídio tem sido estudado a partir de pesquisas quantitativas exploratórias com graduandos da área da saúde, averiguando fatores associados ao comportamento suicida a partir de instrumentos de medida. Fatores como o ambiente estressor da universidade, uso de substâncias psicoativas, histórico de transtornos mentais e pertencimento a um grupo de vulnerabilidade psicossocial foram associados ao comportamento suicida nos estudantes. Diante da produção escassa, fazem-se necessários estudos que contemplem as demais áreas de graduação e pós-graduação, além da construção e verificação da eficácia de programas interventivos que potencializem a saúde mental de todos os envolvidos neste contexto.
Uwagi co do prawnej ochrony osób starszych i jej wpływu na kształtowanie się postaw moralno-społecznych
Authors: Krzewicki Jarosław
Published: May 2020

Ochrona osób starszych wynika z ich kondycji biologicznej generującej szeroką gamę ograniczeń. Godność osoby ludzkiej oraz oparty na niej szereg praw podmiotowych domaga się wprowadzenia prawnych zabezpieczeń. Powinny one nie tylko zagwarantować ludziom starszym dostęp do dóbr i usług, ale też pozytywnie wpłynąć na rozumienie moralnych zobowiązań względem nich, czyli na kształtowanie się moralno‑społecznych postaw. Właściwie skonstruowane prawo jest nośnikiem treści zawartej w normach moralnych. Za jego pośrednictwem utrwalane zostają prosenioralne zachowania. Ma to szczególne znaczenie nie tylko z tytułu sprawiedliwości, jaka należy się ludziom starszym, ale przyczynia się do właściwego zagospodarowania potencjału, jakim pod względem materialnym, duchowym i społecznym dysponują ludzie starsi.
Zmiany i adnotacje w księgach metrykalnych z uwzględnieniem kwestii problematycznych w tej materii w obowiązujących przepisach o ochronie danych osobowych w Polsce
Authors: Trojanowski Bartosz
Published: May 2020

Prowadzenie ksiąg metrykalnych stanowi niezwykle istotną część pracy kancelaryjnej proboszcza i jego współpracowników. Jest to związane z możliwością potwierdzenia statusu kanonicznego każdego wiernego, który przyjmował sakramenty w danej parafii oraz dokonywał istotnych aktów, które wpłynęły na jego sytuację kanoniczną. Dlatego prowadzenie ksiąg metrykalnych powinno być zawsze rzetelne, staranne i z zachowaniem przepisów prawa.

W świetle obowiązujących przepisów o ochronie danych osobowych w Kościele katolickim w Polsce należy również uwzględnić podstawowe prawa przysługujące wiernym co do prowadzenia ksiąg metrykalnych. Jednak z różnych względów zapisy zawarte w księgach metrykalnych różnią się często ze stanem faktycznym, dlatego niezbędne jest dokonywanie zmian metrykalnych, które mogą odbyć się za zgodą kompetentnej władzy kościelnej. W tej materii pojawiają się niektóre kwestie problematyczne, które wymagają szczególnej uwagi i znajomości procedur przewidzianych prawem ze strony odpowiedzialnych za prowadzenie kancelarii parafialnej. Wśród tych kwestii należy wymienić sprawy: apostazji, przysposobienia dziecka, transseksualizmu i obojnactwa, zasady zgodności z dokumentami cywilnymi, która jednak może dopuszczać wyjątki.

Troska o właściwe prowadzenie ksiąg metrykalnych i realizacja obowiązku dokonywania zmian metrykalnych na wniosek zainteresowanego i zgodnie z prawem jest troską o właściwe przetwarzanie danych osobowych przechowywanych w księgach metrykalnych. Naruszenie praw dotyczące ochrony danych osobowych związane jest z możliwością otrzymania sankcji kościelnych wynikających z przepisów prawa powszechnego, jak i prawa partykularnego.
Zdatność do święceń i przygotowanie do kapłaństwa według Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 roku i Ratio fundamentalis institutionis sacerdotalis z 2016 roku
Authors: Fiałek Piotr
Published: May 2020

Problematyka podjęta w artykule dotyczy sakramentu święceń, a ściśle przygotowania do święceń według wymogów Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. i nowego Ratio fundamentalis institutionis sacerdotalis, które zostało wydane w 2016 r. W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano kanony odnoszące się do wymogów ważności święceń oraz ich godziwości. Druga część jest prezentacją norm zawartych w Ratio fundamentalis. W artykule przytoczono także inne, obowiązujące normy prawa, które są przejawem troski Kościoła o właściwą formację przyszłych kapłanów.
Wymogi prawa a podejście duszpasterskie w przedślubnym badaniu nupturientów
Authors: Szemiel Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

Nierzadko można spotkać się z formalistycznym podejściem wobec przygotowania do małżeństwa. Obecne pokolenie domaga się szybkiego załatwiania spraw i omijania zbędnych formalności. Dlatego też podobne postawy ujawniają się podczas formacji przedmałżeńskiej. Zarówno nupturienci, jak i duszpasterze często kurs przedmałżeński, czynności administracyjne, czy spisanie protokołu traktują jak przykry, lecz konieczny obowiązek. Natomiast spotkanie nupturientów z proboszczem parafii powinno stanowić okazję do dialogu, katechezy i rozmowy. Zadaniem duszpasterza podczas wizyty w kancelarii jest nie tylko zbadanie, czy narzeczeni pragną zawrzeć ważny związek małżeński, lecz także doprowadzenie do owocnego zawarcia małżeństwa sakramentalnego. Badanie przedślubne powinno mieć charakter prawny i duszpasterski, stanowić okazję do sprawdzenia nupturientów, jak i poznania ich motywów oraz pogłębienia czy skorygowania posiadanej przez nich wiedzy o małżeństwie sakramentalnym.
Propuesta de zonificación de usos del suelo en el paraje “Las Toscas”, partido de Lobería, provincia de Buenos Aires, en los inicios del siglo XXI
Authors: Rodríguez Camila
Published: May 2020

El espacio geográfico del sudeste bonaerense se constituyó desde fines del siglo XIX como un espacio económico funcional a la etapa de crecimiento hacia afuera de Argentina. Desde ese momento, su poblamiento ha sido producto de la histórica vinculación entre los espacios urbanos con sus entornos rurales. En esta subregión, el partido de Lobería se caracteriza por su producción agrícola y ganadera, además de poseer actividades turísticas menores. En este marco, la Municipalidad de Lobería encomendó realizar un Plan de Desarrollo Local para el partido, el cual se consumó con un informe final en el año 2009, donde se exponen propuestas para desarrollar un ordenamiento territorial en las “principales localidades” del partido (Lobería, San Manuel y Tamangueyú) y del balneario Arenas Verdes, dejando relegadas a las localidades menores y a los parajes rurales. Ante esta vacancia, se realizó una investigación de tipo exploratorio siguiendo el objetivo de analizar los aspectos morfológicos y las actividades económicas del espacio rural en un área piloto, el paraje “Las Toscas”, partido de Lobería, con el fin de ensayar una zonificación en base a los usos de los suelos presentes en la actualidad. Se refiere a un área piloto ya que, consumada esta etapa, sería interesante avanzar con los demás parajes del partido. Para su elaboración, se sostuvo una metodología cualitativa. Con la finalidad de construir una definición operativa de la categoría analítica “paraje”, se trabajó con la técnica documental mediante la revisión bibliográfica. Para poder identificar el equipamiento y las funciones que caracterizan al paraje Las Toscas, se emplearon técnicas de observación directa. Y, en base a las mencionadas técnicas, así como a información obtenida de fuentes de datos secundarios, se elaboró una zonificación, cartografiando los resultados en un Sistema de Información Geográfica.
Introducción a la Sección Debates Internacionales
Authors: Rodríguez de la Vega Lía
Published: May 2020

La sección de este número aborda una cuestión excluyente: la pandemia de coronavirus, que ocupa no solamente nuestras vidas diarias sino también nuestras reflexiones más profundas y las de los diversos estados.
La pandemia del coronavirus y su impacto en Asia del Sur
Authors: Barrios Silvana
Published: May 2020

Asia del sur cuenta con algunos de los países más poblados del mundo (India, Pakistán y Bangladesh) y desde 2014, ha sido la zona de más rápido crecimiento en el mundo, con un crecimiento anual promedio de 7.0%, siendo ese desempeño impulsado fundamentalmente por India y Bangladesh, con una performance variada en las restantes economías (Song, 2019). En el contexto de la pandemia de coronavirus (COVID-19), iniciada en China, el 1· de diciembre de 2019,  en la ciudad de Wuhan (provincia de Hubei, China) y declarada como pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el 11 de marzo de 2020  (OMS, s.f.), este texto busca hacer una breve revisión del alcance de la misma en la región, cuya población es de alrededor de 2000 millones de personas, considerando Afganistán (más de 32 millones de personas), Bangladesh (más de 161 millones de personas), Bután (menos de 800.000 personas), India (más de 1.300 millones de personas), Maldivas (menos de 400.000 personas), Nepal (más de 28 millones de personas), Pakistán (más de 212 millones) y Sri Lanka (más de 21 millones de personas). Para ello, se comentará la cantidad de casos positivos, las muertes en cada país hasta el momento y las principales medidas adoptadas, reflexionando sobre el panorama regional, en base a información de organismos internacionales y noticias periódicas.
África y la dinámica del coronavirus
Authors: Sánchez Ana María
Published: May 2020

El continente africano cuenta con 54 países, territorios dependientes y distintos territorios integrados en Estados no africanos. Su población es mayor a los 1.000 millones de personas y en ese contexto, existe consenso acerca de la necesidad de mejora de la estructura de salud en el continente, que ha enfrentado a lo largo de los años, distintos desafíos (VIH-SIDA, enfermedades respiratorias de vías bajas, diarreas, malaria, tuberculosis, meningitis, sarampión, dengue, hepatitis B, etc.). Por otro lado, en diciembre de 2019, se inició en China, un brote de coronavirus (COVID-19), que sería declarado como pandemia, en marzo de 2020, cuyo alcance se extiende a más de 180 países, superando los 370.000 casos en todo el mundo, que ha llegado también al continente africano, reportándose casos en Angola, Argelia, Benín, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Camerún, Congo, Costa de Marfil, Chad, Eritrea, el Reino de Eswatini, Egipto, Etiopía, Gabón, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Ecuatorial, Kenia, república Democrática de Congo, Madagascar, Mauricio, Mauritania, Mozanbique, Namibia, Níger, Nigeria, República Centroafricana, Tanzania, Ruanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sudáfrica, Sudán, Togo, Túnez, Uganda, Zambia y Zimbabwe. Atendiendo a lo señalado, este trabajo revisa de manera somera la situación del continente africano en lo que hace a la pandemia y las dinámicas políticas generales frente a la situación y en el ámbito internacional, a través de la consulta de documentos, textos académicos y noticias periódicas.