bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparatory attentional templates in prefrontal and sensory cortex encode target-associated information
Authors: Zhou Zhiheng , Geng Joy J
Published: January 2025

Visual search relies on the ability to use information about the target in working memory to guide attention and make target-match decisions. The representation of target features is referred to as the “attentional” or “target” template and is thought to be encoded within an IFJ-visual cortical network (Baldauf & Desimone, 2014; Bichot et al., 2015b). The contents of the template typically contain veridical target information that is used to modulate sensory processing in preparation for guiding attention during search. However, many behavioral studies have shown that target-associated information is used to guide attention, especially when target discrimination is difficult (Battistoni et al., 2017; de Lange et al., 2018; Peelen et al., 2024; Vo et al., 2019; Yu et al., 2023; Zhou & Geng, 2024). Thus, while target-associated information is known to impact search performance, its presence within the IFJ-visual attentional network during the preparatory period has never been demonstrated. Here, we use fMRI and multivariate pattern analysis, to test if attentional guidance by target-associated information is explicitly represented in the preparatory period before search begins, either in conjunction with the target or even in place of it. Participants were first trained on four face-scene category pairings after which they completed a cued visual search task for the same faces. Each trial began with a face cue, followed by a delay period, and then a search display with two lateralized faces superimposed on scene images. The critical results showed that while face information could be decoded in the fusiform face area (FFA), superior parietal lobule (SPL), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dLPFC), during the cue period, face information could not be decoded in any brain regions during the delay period. In contrast, the associated scene was decoded only in ventrolateral prefrotnal cortex (vLPFC) curing the cue period but most importantly, in the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) during the delay period. Our results are a novel demonstration that target-associated information from memory can supplant veridical target information in the brain’s “target template” in anticipation of difficult visual search.
Decoding m6Am by simultaneous transcription-start mapping and methylation quantification
Authors: Liu Jianheng Fox , Hawley Ben R , Nicholson Luke S , Jaffrey Samie R
Published: January 2025

N
6
,2’-
O
-dimethyladenosine (m
6
Am) is a modified nucleotide located at the first transcribed position in mRNA and snRNA that is essential for diverse physiological processes. m
6
Am mapping methods assume each gene uses a single start nucleotide. However, gene transcription usually involves multiple start sites, generating numerous 5’ isoforms. Thus, gene levels annotations cannot capture the diversity of m
6
Am modification in the transcriptome. Here we describe CROWN-seq, which simultaneously identifies transcription-start nucleotides and quantifies m
6
Am stoichiometry for each 5’ isoform that initiates with adenosine. Using CROWN-seq, we map the m
6
Am landscape in nine human cell lines. Our findings reveal that m
6
Am is nearly always a high stoichiometry modification, with only a small subset of cellular mRNAs showing lower m
6
Am stoichiometry. We find that m
6
Am is associated with increased transcript expression and provide evidence that m
6
Am may be linked to transcription initiation associated with specific promoter sequences and initiation mechanisms. These data suggest a potential new function for m
6
Am in influencing transcription.
behaviorMate: An Intranet of Things Approach for Adaptable Control of Behavioral and Navigation-Based Experiments
Authors: Bowler John C , Zakka George , Yong Hyun Choong , Li Wenke , Rao Bovey , Liao Zhenrui , Priestley James B , Losonczy Attila
Published: January 2025

Investigators conducting behavioral experiments often need precise control over the timing of the delivery of stimuli to subjects and to collect the precise times of the subsequent behavioral responses. Furthermore, investigators want fine-tuned control over how various multi-modal cues are presented. behaviorMate takes an “Intranet of Things” approach, using a networked system of hardware and software components for achieving these goals. The system outputs a file with integrated timestamp-event pairs that investigators can then format and process using their own analysis pipelines. We present an overview of the electronic components and GUI application that make up behaviorMate as well as mechanical designs for compatible experimental rigs to provide the reader with the ability to set up their own system. A wide variety of paradigms are supported, including goal-oriented learning, random foraging, and context switching. We demonstrate behaviorMate’s utility and reliability with a range of use cases from several published studies and benchmark tests. Finally, we present experimental validation demonstrating different modalities of hippocampal place field studies. Both treadmill with burlap belt and virtual reality with running wheel paradigms were performed to confirm the efficacy and flexibility of the approach. Previous solutions rely on proprietary systems that may have large upfront costs or present frameworks that require customized software to be developed. behaviorMate uses open-source software and a flexible configuration system to mitigate both concerns. behaviorMate has a proven record for head-fixed imaging experiments and could be easily adopted for task control in a variety of experimental situations.
Rudhira-mediated microtubule stability controls TGFβ signaling during mouse vascular development
Authors: Joshi Divyesh , Jindal Preeti , Shetty Ronak , Inamdar Maneesha S
Published: January 2025

The Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway is critical for survival, proliferation, and cell migration, and is tightly regulated during cardiovascular development. Smads, key effectors of TGFβ signaling, are sequestered by microtubules (MTs) and need to be released for pathway function. Independently, TGFβ signaling also stabilizes MTs. Molecular details and the
in vivo
relevance of this cross-regulation remain unclear, understanding which is important in complex biological processes such as cardiovascular development. Here, we use
rudhira/Breast Carcinoma Amplified Sequence 3 (BCAS3)
, a MT-associated, endothelium-restricted and developmentally essential proto-oncogene, as a pivot to decipher cellular mechanisms in bridging TGFβ signaling and MT stability. We show that Rudhira regulates TGFβ signaling
in vivo,
during mouse cardiovascular development, and in endothelial cells in culture. Rudhira associates with MTs and is essential for the activation and release of Smad2/3 from MTs. Consequently, Rudhira depletion attenuates Smad2/3- dependent TGFβ signaling thereby impairing cell migration. Interestingly, Rudhira is also a transcriptional target of Smad2/3-dependent TGFβ signaling essential for TGFβ-induced MT stability. Our study identifies an immediate early physical role and a slower, transcription-dependent role for Rudhira in cytoskeleton-TGFβ signaling crosstalk. These two phases of control could facilitate temporally- and spatially restricted targeting of the cytoskeleton and/or TGFβ signaling in vascular development and disease.
Genetic determinants of COVID-19 severity and mortality: ACE1 Alu 287 bp polymorphism and ACE1, ACE2, TMPRSS2 expression in hospitalized patients
Authors: de Araújo João Locke Ferreira , Rossi Átila Duque , de Almeida Jessica Maciel , Alves Hugo José , Leitão Isabela de Carvalho , de Ávila Renata Eliane , Castiñeiras Anna Carla Pinto , Oliveira Jéssica da Silva , Galliez Rafael Mello , Tonini Marlon Daniel Lima , Faffe Débora Souza , Barroso Shana Priscila Coutinho Barroso , Resende Gustavo Gomes , Gonçalves Cássia Cristina Alves , Castiñeiras Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto , Tanuri Amilcar , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Aguiar Renato Santana , Cardoso Cynthia Chester , de Souza Renan Pedra
Published: January 2025

Background

The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are central human molecules in the SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction. Evidence indicates that ACE1 may influence ACE2 expression. This study aims to determine whether ACE1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression levels, along with the ACE1 Alu 287 bp polymorphism (rs4646994), contribute to the severity and mortality of COVID-19.

Methods

Swabs were collected in two Brazilian cities in 2020: Belo Horizonte (n = 134) and Rio de Janeiro (n = 41). A swab of mild patients in Rio de Janeiro who were not hospitalized (n = 172) was also collected. All analyzed biological material was obtained from residual diagnostic samples in 2020, prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. ACE1, ACE2, TMPRSS2, and B2M (reference gene) expression levels were evaluated in 40 cycles of quantitative PCR. ACE1 Alu 287 bp polymorphism was genotyped using the FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master kit.

Results

The median age differed between clinical sites (p = 0.016), but no difference in median days of hospitalization was observed (p = 0.329). Age was associated with severity (p = 0.014) and mortality (p = 0.014) in the Belo Horizonte cohort. No alteration in ACE1, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression was associated with severity or mortality. ACE1 polymorphism rs4646994 did not influence the likelihood of either outcome. A meta-analysis including available data from the literature showed significant effects: the D-allele conferred risk (OR = 1.39; 95% CI [1.12–1.72]).
Insights in biomarkers complexity and routine clinical practice for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and cancer
Authors: de Matos Maria de Lurdes Godinho , Pinto Mafalda , Gonçalves Ana , Canberk Sule , Bugalho Maria João Martins , Soares Paula
Published: January 2025

Background

The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid nodules continues to be a major challenge in clinical practice. The rising incidence of thyroid neoplasm and the low incidence of aggressive thyroid carcinoma, urges the exploration of strategies to improve the diagnostic accuracy in a pre-surgical phase, particularly for indeterminate nodules, and to prevent unnecessary surgeries. Only in 2022, the 5th WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors, and in 2023, the 3rd Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology and the European Thyroid Association included biomarkers in their guidelines. In this review, we discuss the integration of biomarkers within the routine clinical practice for diagnosis of thyroid nodules and cancer.

Methodology

The literature search for this review was performed through Pub Med, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. We selected 156 publications with significant contributions to this topic, with the majority (86, or 55.1%) published between January 2019 and March 2024, including some publications from our group during those periods. The inclusion criteria were based on articles published in recognized scientific journals with high contributions to the proposed topic. We excluded articles not emphasizing molecular biomarkers in refine the pre-surgical diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

Results

We explored genetic biomarkers, considering the division of thyroid neoplasm into BRAF-like tumor and RAS-like tumor. The specificity of BRAF mutation in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is nearly 100% but its sensitivity is below 35%. RAS mutations are found in a broad spectrum of thyroid neoplasm, from benign to malignant follicular-patterned tumors, but do not increase the ability to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. The overexpression of miRNAs is correlated with tumor aggressiveness, high tumor node metastasis (TMN) stage, and recurrence, representing a real signature of thyroid cancer, particularly PTC. In addition, associations between the expression levels of selected miRNAs and the presence of specific genetic mutations have been related with aggressiveness and worse prognosis.

Conclusions

The knowledge of genetic and molecular biomarkers has achieved a high level of complexity, and the difficulties related to its applicability determine that their implementation in clinical practice is not yet a reality. More studies with larger series are needed to optimize their use in routine practice. Additionally, the improvement of new techniques, such as liquid biopsy and/or artificial intelligence, may be the future for a better understanding of molecular biomarkers in thyroid nodular disease.
Resiliencia local ante el calor extremo. Implementación de estrategias de gestión de riesgos en municipios urbanos
Authors:   , Porcel Bugueño Javiera
Published: January 2025

Este informe aborda los desafíos que presenta la gestión de eventos de calor extremo a nivel municipal en Chile, enmarcada en el Plan Nacional de Emergencia ante Calor Extremo desarrollado por el Servicio Nacional de Prevención y Respuesta ante Desastres (SENAPRED, ex ONEMI). Las olas de calor han aumentado en frecuencia e intensidad impulsadas por el cambio climático, representando un riesgo significativo para la salud pública y la sociabilidad urbana. Este fenómeno se caracteriza por su heterogeneidad, ya que sus impactos varían según las condiciones territoriales y socioeconómicas. Por ello, los municipios son actores claves para implementar estrategias adaptadas a las particularidades de sus comunidades, especialmente en la protección de grupos vulnerables como adultos mayores, niños, personas en situación de calle y aquellos con enfermedades crónicas. La gestión del calor extremo requiere un enfoque integral que considere la identificación de riesgos, la reducción de la exposición y la implementación de medidas adaptativas sostenibles. Aunque el marco nacional desarrollado por SENAPRED establece lineamientos generales, las municipalidades enfrentan desafíos relacionados con recursos limitados y capacidades técnicas insuficientes. Este informe propone estrategias concretas para fortalecer las capacidades municipales, reducir la exposición y promover la resiliencia urbana frente a eventos de calor extremo. La metodología empleada incluyó un análisis descriptivo de los componentes del riesgo, entrevistas con actores clave, como funcionarios municipales y expertos en urbanismo, y un análisis de benchmark de 18 ciudades internacionales con características climáticas similares a la región metropolitana. Además, se realizó un análisis de casos en los municipios de Providencia y Renca, dos comunas pioneras en tener planes para la gestión del calor con enfoques contrastantes, para identificar mejores prácticas y desafíos compartidos.
Facilitadores y obstaculizadores de la implementación de la telesalud mental en Atención Primaria de Salud Un estudio cualitativo exploratorio desde las percepciones de los profesionales de salud mental en la comuna de Puente Alto
Authors:   , Gonzalez Zamarin Mariana Jesus
Published: January 2025

Antecedentes: La tele salud mental usa tecnologías de comunicación para ofrecer servicios de salud mental, superando barreras geográficas y temporales, y facilitando la atención en el hogar. Los servicios incluyen evaluaciones e intervenciones. Estudios iniciales muestran que es tan efectiva como la atención presencial, con alta satisfacción entre los usuarios. Sin embargo, la percepción de los proveedores de esta no ha sido tan estudiada, por lo que se requiere más investigación para su implementación efectiva.Objetivo: Explorar facilitadores y obstaculizadores en la implementación de la tele salud mental desde la percepción de profesionales de esta área en Centros de Salud Familiar [CESFAM] de Atención Primaria de Salud [APS]. Metodología: El estudio exploratorio cualitativo se centró en las percepciones de profesionales de salud mental sobre la tele salud en APS. Se entrevistó a 12 profesionales usando entrevistas semiestructuradas remotas. Los datos se analizaron mediante Teoría Fundamentada. El estudio éticamente, garantizando el anonimato de los participantes.Resultados: Se destacaron facilitadores como el acceso tecnológico, retroalimentación positiva de usuarios, adaptaciones institucionales y autoeficacia del proveedor. Obstaculizadores incluyeron creencias negativas, preferencia por lo presencial, condiciones psicosociales y falta de recursos materiales e inmateriales, además de la pérdida de información y desconocimiento legislativo.Discusión y conclusión: La implementación de tele salud mental enfrenta desafíos y oportunidades. Abordar barreras tecnológicas, mejorar apoyo social y organizacional a proveedores, y desarrollar protocolos claros son clave para una adopción exitosa.Palabras clave: tele salud, salud mental, proveedores
Navigating Career Stagnation: The Lived Experiences of Unpromoted Seasoned Teachers
Authors: Precellas Lee Glenda C. , Bauyot Marleonie M.
Published: January 2025

Aims: This study explored the lived experiences of seven unpromoted teachers in selected public schools in Digos City, Davao del Sur, Philippines, focusing on their challenges, coping mechanisms, and the support they need in relation to career stagnation.
Study Design: A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to gain insights into the participants' personal experiences.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Digos City, Davao del Sur, Philippines.
Methodology: The study involved seven teachers aged 40 and above, who had been in their entry-level positions for at least seven years selected through purposive and convenience sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, and key themes were identified through Colaizzi’s method.
Results: The results of the study revealed that the challenges of unpromoted seasoned teachers regarding career stagnation are the inability to pursue further education, limited training opportunities and rigid requirements, and emotional impact. Despite these challenges, they have developed coping mechanisms, including an engagement in professional development, constructive perspective, and work-life balance. On the other hand, they need leadership support and better opportunities for professional growth to alleviate their challenges of career stagnation.
Conclusion: The study concludes that unpromoted teachers face significant barriers to career progression. Although they demonstrate resilience through various coping mechanisms, these challenges underscore the need for comprehensive career development programs that can better support their professional and personal growth.
Furthermore, it provides valuable contributions to the scientific community by exploring systemic challenges and coping mechanisms that impact educators' professional growth and job satisfaction.
The study emphasizes the crucial role of leadership support and professional development opportunities in addressing these barriers.
An Extensive Taxonomic Analysis of Catfish Species (Family: Bagridae) Using Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the Cauvery River Basin in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Yaswanthkumar S. , Pavunraj M. , Murali P. , Ramakrishnan R. , Nagarajan K. , Ramasamy M. , Raja S. , Rajeshkumar S. , Kannan K.
Published: January 2025

The present study investigates the morphological, molecular, osteological, and evolutionary aspects of freshwater Bagrid catfish in the Western Ghats of India, focusing on the Cauvery River basin. Samples from three genera of the Bagridae family, namely Hemibagrus, Sperata, and Mystus, were collected from the Cauvery and Bhavani rivers. The study aims to assess the diversity and threatened status of Bagridae catfishes in the region, identify morphological discrimination using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), analyze phylogenetic relationships, and understand their evolutionary process from common ancestries. Morphological and meristic characterization was performed, and genetic analysis was conducted using the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. DNA was extracted from tissue samples, amplified using specific primers, and sequenced. The study highlights the need for taxonomic revision of Bagridae catfishes in the Western Ghats, as previous classifications were primarily based on morphometric analysis, leading to confusion and invalid species claims. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the diversity, taxonomy, and evolutionary history of Bagrid catfishes in the Western Ghats, which is crucial for their conservation, as more than 50% of the species are threatened with extinction due to various factors such as pollution, biological resource use, and habitat modification.
Assessing the Impacts of Occupational Stress on Primary School Teachers: A Study of the Walapane Zone, Sri Lanka
Authors: Jennifer D C , Jayasinghe R P C K
Published: January 2025

Occupational stress is one of the critical elements that influences the health and efficiency of the organizations, especially the teachers and, more so, the primary school teachers. This research looks into the consequence of work-related stress for primary school teachers in one of the educational zones in Walapane, Sri Lanka. To carry out this study, data from 107 teachers through a self-administered questionnaire was collected. The research found that work-family conflicts and health impacts are the reason for 34.2% of the variance in occupational stress levels. Nevertheless, 65.8% of occupational stress data remain unexplained, suggesting other influencing factors such as level of workplace engagements, absenteeism, chronic stress, and stress at the workplace. The conclusion calls for stress exercising measures, innovative yoga, meditation, sports, and ‘working-oriented’ systems to enhance work-life balance. It suggests certain organisational implementation measures aimed at enhancing working conditions.
Impact of Learning Resources and Environment on Social Studies Achievement: A Case Study of Gorontalo Municipality Secondary Education, Indonesian
Authors: Ismail Riski Putri , Canon Syarwani , Panigoro Meyko
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine how much influence the Use of Textbooks, the Internet as a Learning Source, the Intensity of Assignment Giving and the Learning Environment have on Student Learning Outcomes in Integrated Social Studies Subjects at SMP Negeri 10, Gorontalo City. This study uses a quantitative method with data analysis techniques using Multiple Linear Regression. The sample in the study amounted to 156 students. Sampling was carried out using the Stratified proportional random sampling technique. The research data came from primary sources with multiple linear regression analysis by the help of the Eviews Version 21 program.
The results of the study show that: The use of textbooks, the internet as a learning source, the intensity of assignment giving and the learning environment together have a significant effect on student learning outcomes in integrated social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 10, Gorontalo City with a determination coefficient of 75.90%.
Agronomic Performance of Experimental Poblano Chili Hybrids in Open-field Conditions in Coahuila, Mexico
Authors: Ramírez José Antonio Huertos , Cortez María del Pilar Marín , Melgoza Francisco Alfonso Gordillo , Naveda Antonio Flores , Rodríguez Ana Fernanda García , Montejo Neymar Camposeco
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the yield response of sixteen experimental poblano chili hybrids in open field in Coahuila, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The treatment design and statistical model, was completely randomized with 16 treatments and four replicates each, analyzed with an ANOVA at p≤0.05 and a Tukey mean test at p≤0.05 to detect significant differences.
Results: In yield (g plant-1), the hybrids H-302 and H-402 were superior, while the number of fruits presented very similar values, in the variable average weight the hybrid H-402 presented better values, it is also observed that the length of the fruit, the hybrids H-303, H-304 and H-403 stand out for their size, The width of the base of the hybrids did not show statistical differences, it is observed that the width of the center of the fruit the hybrids H-101, H-103, H-104 and H-201 did not show differences, while the thickness of the mesocarp the hybrids H-303 and H-304 stood out, while the projection of the yield the hybrids H-302, H-304, H-402 and H-404 stood out. The number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit length, mesocarp thickness and yield projection were the traits that most positively influenced poblano chile yield with correlations of 0.87, 0.64, 0.51, 0.55 and 1.
Findings/Conclusion: H-302, H-303 H-304, H-402 and H-404 can be concluded as the best performing among the 16 hybrids evaluated. The agronomic response of the experimental hybrids was variable in most of the traits, so the genetic potential of each one is different and is reflected in its phenotypic response in specific environmental conditions, with these findings could guide future breeding programs.
Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Acquisition of HIV
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Silverstein Michael , Chelmow David , Coker Tumaini Rucker , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Kubik Marti , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Rao Goutham , Ruiz John M. , Stevermer James J. , Tsevat Joel , Underwood Sandra Millon , Wong John B.
Published: August 2023

Importance

An estimated 1.2 million persons in the US currently have HIV, and more than 760 000 persons have died of complications related to HIV since the first cases were reported in 1981. Although treatable, HIV is not curable and has significant health consequences. Therefore, effective strategies to prevent HIV are an important public health and clinical priority.

Objective

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of preexposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of HIV acquisition, and the diagnostic accuracy of risk assessment tools to identify persons at increased risk of HIV acquisition.

Population

Adolescents and adults who do not have HIV and are at increased risk of HIV.

Evidence Assessment

The USPSTF concludes with high certainty that there is a substantial net benefit from the use of effective antiretroviral therapy to reduce the risk of acquisition of HIV in persons at increased risk of acquiring HIV.

Recommendation

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians prescribe preexposure prophylaxis using effective antiretroviral therapy to persons at increased risk of HIV acquisition to decrease the risk of acquiring HIV. (A recommendation)
Effects of Bending on Nucleation and Injection of Oxygen Vacancies into the Bulk Lattice of Li‐Rich Layered Cathodes
Authors: Peng Haoyang , Zhuo Haoxiang , Xia Fanjie , Zeng Weihao , Sun Congli , Wu Jinsong
Published: August 2023

The degradation of Li‐ and Mn‐rich (LMR) cathodes primarily results from the thermodynamic instability of lattice oxygen and the resulting oxygen release. This is promoted by localized lattice strain, which develops dynamically during electrochemical reactions involving repeated Li‐ion intercalation and extraction. However, the role of chemomechanical strain in degrading lattice oxygen's stability is not yet well‐understood. Here, the research indicates that uneven strain distribution causes bending, resulting in lower activation energy for oxygen vacancy creation and injection into particle interiors at bending points. Combining in situ transmission electron microscopy and theoretical simulations, it is shown that the largest O─O interaction occurs at the maximum curvature point, reducing Mn─O bonding strength, promoting oxygen dimer formation, and eventually initiating oxygen release from LMR. As a result, a process is designed to adjust the Li‐content and the distribution of the two‐phase structure, achieving better cycling stability in LMR cathodes with a more balanced distribution of strain. These results provide insights into enhancing LMR cycling stability while utilizing their high capacity.
Ambient‐Stable 2D Dion–Jacobson Phase Tin Halide Perovskite Field‐Effect Transistors with Mobility over 1.6 Cm2 V−1 s−1
Authors: Qiu Xincan , Xia Jiangnan , Liu Yu , Chen Ping‐An , Huang Lanyu , Wei Huan , Ding Jiaqi , Gong Zhenqi , Zeng Xi , Peng Chengyuan , Chen Chen , Wang Xiao , Jiang Lang , Liao Lei , Hu Yuanyuan
Published: August 2023

Solution‐processed metal halide perovskites hold immense potential for the advancement of next‐generation field‐effect transistors (FETs). However, the instability of perovskite‐based transistors has impeded their progress and practical applications. Here, ambient‐stable high‐performance FETs based on 2D Dion–Jacobson phase tin halide perovskite BDASnI4, which has high film quality and excellent electrical properties, are reported. The perovskite channels are established by engineering the film crystallization process via the employment of ammonium salt interlayers and the incorporation of NH4SCN additives within the precursor solution. The refined FETs demonstrate field‐effect hole mobilities up to 1.61 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on/off ratio surpassing 106. Moreover, the devices show impressive operational and environmental stability and retain their functional performance even after being exposed to ambient conditions with a temperature of 45 °C and humidity of 45% for over 150 h.
Selective Monoarylation of Ammonium Triflate with Aryl Chlorides Catalyzed by [Pd(β‐MeNAP)Br]2 and AdBrettPhos
Authors: Xue Bingxiang , Shen Jie , Manna Sourav , Doppiu Angelino , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: August 2023

The selective introduction of a primary amino group into aromatic compounds is a desirable transformation, but is challenging due to competing double arylation. A catalyst generated from β‐methylnaphthyl (MeNAP) palladium bromide and the bulky ligand biphenyl‐diadamantylphosphine (AdBrettPhos) has been found to promote the amination even of non‐activated aryl chlorides with ammonium triflate within 30 min at 80 °C to the primary anilines. The efficiency of the protocol was evaluated in comparative experiments, its versatility documented by the synthesis of various primary anilines including drug‐like molecules.
Promote Stable Lithium Deposition by Curvature Optimization Using Lithiophilic Ni Nano‐starfish@Al Structured Current Collector
Authors: Hu Wang , Ju Shenghong , Huang Xiang , Li Feifei , Li Ming , Wu Yunwen
Published: August 2023

Lithium(Li) metal is an anode candidate for rechargeable batteries due to its ultra‐high theoretical capacity and extremely low standard potential. However, the dendritic Li and dead Li have hindered the practical application of next‐generation batteries. Constructing 3D anode current collectors can not only decrease the local current density but also relieve the volume expansion. Herein, the 3D Ni nano‐starfish@Al(NSA) is synthesized as anode current collectors. Compared with the 3D Ni nano‐cone@Al(NCA) with sharp cone tips, the NSA shows a superior cycle performance, especially at high current density. This is because the NSA has a more uniform surface curvature than NCA, which makes the electric field distribution more homogeneous and reduces the local electric field, thereby inducing the even deposition of Li and suppressing the growth of Li dendrites. The NSA@Li anode gives superior cycling performance over 2800 h at a current density of 4 mA cm−2 in a symmetric cell. A full cell paired with LiFePO4 cathode shows high Coulombic efficiency of 96.8% approaching 200 cycle‐life at 0.5 °C. This work provides a view of the microstructure design of current collectors for achieving better performance Li metal batteries.
Magnetic Manganese‐Based Micromotors MnFe2O4@Fe3O4/graphite and Mn2O3@Fe2O3@Fe3O4/graphite for Organic Pollutant Degradation
Authors: Kichatov Boris , Korshunov Alexey , Sudakov Vladimir , Golubkov Alexandr , Smovzh Dmitriy , Sakhapov Salavat , Skirda Mikhail
Published: August 2023

Wastewater pollution with organic compounds poses a serious threat to human health. One of the possible methods for solving these problems can be the use of micro/nanomotors. Among them, manganese‐based micro/nanomotors have a number of important advantages related to high catalytic activity, powerful motion, and low cost. Due to their mobility, micro/nanomotors promote an increase in the intensity of mass transfer in the reacting system. When introducing ferromagnetic elements into manganese‐based micro/nanomotors, it is possible not only to increase their motion speed, but also to make their motion more controllable. Herein, for the first time it demonstrates a synthesis method for MnFe2O4@Fe3O4/graphite and Mn2O3@Fe2O3@Fe3O4/graphite magnetic catalytic micromotors, which have remarkable photocatalytic properties. Micromotors are clusters of nanoparticles whose motion in a hydrogen peroxide solution in a non‐uniform magnetic field is caused by the action of magnetic force and self‐diffusiophoresis. Nanoparticles are synthesized by the plasma‐arc method with subsequent annealing in the air. When changing the annealing temperature, the catalytic and magnetic properties of nanoparticles can vary within a wide range of values. Micromotors MnFe2O4@Fe3O4/graphite have the most optimal catalytic and magnetic properties. The results of the research show that these micromotors are effective catalysts in the decomposition of methylene blue.
RETRACTED: A Stress Self‐Adaptive Silicon/Carbon “Ordered Structures” to Suppress the Electro‐Chemo‐Mechanical Failure: Piezo‐Electrochemistry and Piezo‐Ionic Dynamics
Authors: Zhao Hongshun , Liang Kang , Wang Shijie , Ding Zhengping , Huang Xiaobing , Chen Wenkai , Ren Yurong , Li Jianbin
Published: August 2023

Construction of ordered structures that respond rapidly to environmental stimuli has fascinating possibilities for utilization in energy storage, wearable electronics, and biotechnology. Silicon/carbon (Si/C) anodes with extremely high energy densities have sparked widespread interest for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), while their implementation is constrained via mechanical structure deterioration, continued growth of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and cycling instability. In this study, a piezoelectric Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) layer is facilely deposited onto Si/C@CNTs anodes to drive piezoelectric fields upon large volume expansion of Si/C@CNTs electrode materials, resulting in the modulation of interfacial Li+ kinetics during cycling and providing an electrochemical reaction with a mechanically robust and chemically stable substrate. In‐depth investigations into theoretical computation, multi‐scale in/ex situ characterizations, and finite element analysis reveal that the improved structural stability, suppressed volume variations, and controlled ion transportation are responsible for the improvement mechanism of BNT decorating. These discoveries provide insight into the surface coupling technique between mechanical and electric fields to control the interfacial Li+ kinetics behavior and improve structural stability for alloy‐based anodes, which will also spark a great deal attention from researchers and technologists in multifunctional surface engineering for electrochemical systems.
Project DREAM: Iterative development of an afterschool program with an emphasis on youth–adult relationships
Authors: Hurd Noelle M. , Billingsley Janelle
Published: August 2023

The current manuscript describes the iterative development of an afterschool intervention aimed at fostering supportive relationships between adolescents and adults from their everyday lives. Project DREAM (Developing Resourcefulness, Engagement, Acceptance, and Mentoring) is a novel afterschool preventive intervention aimed at promoting youths' improved academic outcomes via gains in social and emotional development and their connectedness with nonparental adults. The purpose of the iterative development process was to improve the intervention to make it maximally usable and acceptable to the intended users and participants. The iterative development process was informed by data collected from advisory boards, focus groups, interviews, and observations of program sessions. In the current article, we describe the methods implemented as part of this process and fully describe the resulting intervention revisions completed across the 2‐year period. We also summarize lessons learned.
Fabrication of NiCo2O4@polyaniline heterostructure as positive electrode for asymmetrical supercapacitor
Authors: Li Xinxiu , Xie Haidong , Feng Yong , Qu Yuqing , Zhai Lidong , Sun Hehang , Liu Xiongfei , Hou Chunping
Published: August 2023

NiCo2O4, as a low‐cost and high‐performance binary transition metal oxide material, has been widely used in the fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes. However, the low energy density of binary metal oxides limits their large‐scale practical applications in supercapacitors, so it is highly desirable to design the structure of the NiCo2O4‐based supercapacitor. Therefore, in this paper, NiCo2O4 is compounded with polyaniline (PANI) to improve its electrochemical performance by exploiting the synergistic effect. The NiCo2O4@PANI composite electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 561.2 F/g at 10 mV/s. In this study, asymmetric supercapacitors are assembled with NiCo2O4@PANI as the positive electrode and MXene as the negative electrode. The NiCo2O4@PANI‐CC//MXene‐CC supercapacitor has a specific capacitance of 31.95 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s and a good cycle retention capacity of 86.2% after 3000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performances are attributed to the dynamic equilibrium and fast redox kinetics of the two electrodes.
Dynamic cooperative learning control of output‐feedback systems with output constraints
Authors: Zhang Weiguang , Weng Zhi , Xie Jin , Gao Fei
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the dynamic cooperative learning control for high‐order output‐feedback systems under the output constraints. To avoid complex computation, we use a system transformation strategy in control design. Only one neural network (NN) is employed to approximate the unknown synthetic function for each agent. Subsequently, a NN‐based cooperative learning control mechanism is designed by introducing the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF). The proposed mechanism expands the NN approximation domain of the transformed systems, and the output of all subsystems remains constrained. Further, the NNs on identified uncertain system dynamics are used to construct the experience‐based controllers to carry out same control tasks. Finally, the theoretical authenticity is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Prediction of the hand function part of the Fugl‐Meyer scale after stroke using an automatic quantitative assessment system
Authors: Chen Shugeng , Lin Xiaolei , Fu Jianghong , Qian Yeye , Chen Zihang , Huang Zhanbo , Liu Qiang , Lu Xiaofeng , Jia Jie
Published: August 2023

Hand function assessment is an essential component of the process of stroke rehabilitation because of the high incidence of hand motor dysfunction. In terms of the manual evaluation of hand function, the Fugl‐Meyer scale is a recommended scale with high reliability and validity. However, the need for accurate assessments and increasing developments in technology has led to the promotion of automatic quantitative assessment systems for the hand. In this study, we collected quantitative data on hand function with an automatic system and the upper limb Fugl‐Meyer assessment (FMA) from 79 people with stroke. We developed decision tree (DT) and gradient‐boosted decision tree (GBDT) predictive models for the Fugl‐Meyer score using features extracted from the Hand Automatic Quantitative Assessment System (HAQAS). Predictive performances were compared between these models regarding the predictive accuracy and Cohen's kappa. There were high correlations between features automatically collected by the HAQAS and the Fugl‐Meyer scale in all the sub‐items, with the maximal correlations all being over 0.5, indicating the high validity of the HAQAS in automatic FMA prediction. Hand functions were more highly correlated (average correlation coefficient 0.90) with HAQAS features than wrist functions (average correlation coefficient 0.54), and the GBDT achieved higher predictive accuracies and agreement than the DT algorithm. We conclude that the HAQAS is feasible for stroke patients with hand dysfunction and convenient for clinicians and therapists. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800019098).
Why do (some) German car manufacturers go electric? The role of dynamic capabilities and cognitive frames
Authors: Loder Julia , Rinscheid Adrian , Wüstenhagen Rolf
Published: August 2023

After the internal combustion engine was the dominant technology in the automotive industry for more than a century, a transition to electric cars is now under way. However, not all car manufacturers seem equally determined to move away from fossil fuels. Based on a comparative case study of German automakers, we discuss some underlying factors associated with variation in electrification strategies. Conceptually, we focus on firms' dynamic capabilities—in particular, their ability to sense low‐carbon risks and opportunities in a changing business environment. Building on qualitative interviews, we gauge sensing capabilities through industry executives' cognitive frames. Our analysis reveals striking differences in the way executives perceive the opportunities and risks associated with electric mobility. In particular, firms' dynamic capabilities to shape the low‐carbon transition are tied to their conceptions of consumer preferences and the economics of the transition, their perception of network embeddedness, prior experiences with technological innovation, and leadership.
What drives young workers? Person‐organization fit‐in identity motives—A mixed‐method study
Authors: Manzi Claudia , Gorli Mara , Reverberi Eleonora , Crapolicchio Eleonora , Regalia Camillo , Valenzisi Pamela
Published: August 2023

Person‐organization fit theory is among the most productive theoretical frameworks used to assess the relationship between an organization and its employees. Nevertheless, the P‐O fit literature has often limited its scope to the evaluation of P‐O fit in the values domain, overlooking P‐O fit‐in needs. This study addresses this issue under the motivated identity construction theory (MICT, Vignoles, Handbook of identity theory and research, New York: Springer; 2011). In particular, we analyse how the fit between individual identity's needs and the organization identity's needs may influence the retention and engagement of under 35 workers. Findings demonstrated that the need for efficacy is fundamental for workers under 35 s. Not only this aspect of motivation is rated as more important in comparison with others but also P‐O fit‐in efficacy has a direct impact on identification with the company and a direct and indirect effect (through organizational identification) on engagement and intention to leave. Overall, this study gives evidence of how useful the intersection between P‐O fit with MICT can be. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
The effect of repeat purchase information in electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) on purchase intention
Authors: Li Shang , Chen Jie , Chen Yiwen
Published: August 2023

Consumers commonly rely on electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) to inform their purchase decisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate when and why repeat purchase information in eWOM influenced customers' purchase behavior, using the social learning theory as a framework. Three experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results showed that repeat purchase information in eWOM positively affected consumers' purchase intention through perceived diagnosticity of eWOM and perceived value. Additionally, the effect varied from product type. For utilitarian products, the repeat purchase information in eWOM had a significant impact on consumers' perceived diagnosticity and purchase intention, while for hedonic products, the impact was not significant. The current study deepens the understanding of social learning theory in eWOM content by providing a novel look at repeat purchase information in eWOM. These findings offer important implications for both research and practical applications of eWOM, particularly in term of effectively utilizing repeat purchase information of eWOM.
Association of hypertension severity and control with risk of incident atrial fibrillation: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study
Authors: Garg Parveen K. , Wilson Nicole , Yuan Ya , Howard Virginia J. , Judd Suzanne , Howard George , Soliman Elsayed Z.
Published: August 2023

Background

The association of hypertension (HTN) severity and control with the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear.

Hypothesis

Increased HTN severity and poorer blood pressure control would be associated with an increased risk of incident AF.

Methods

This analysis included 9485 participants (mean age 63 ± 8 years; 56% women; 35% Black). Participants were stratified into six mutually exclusive groups at baseline—normotension (n = 1629), prehypertension (n = 704), controlled HTN (n = 2224), uncontrolled HTN (n = 4123), controlled apparent treatment‐resistant hypertension (aTRH) (n = 88), and uncontrolled aTRH (n = 717). Incident AF was ascertained at the follow‐up visit, defined by either electrocardiogram or self‐reported medical history of a physician diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic and clinical variables.

Results

Over an average of 9.3 years later, 868 incident AF cases were detected. Compared to those with normotension, incident AF risk was highest for those with aTRH (controlled aTRH: odds ratio (OR) 2.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60, 5.43, & uncontrolled aTRH: OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.76, 3.48). The increase in AF risk was smaller for those on no more than three antihypertensive agents regardless of their blood pressure control (controlled OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.30, 2.29 and uncontrolled OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.14, 2.13).

Conclusions

The risk of developing AF is increased in all individuals with HTN. Risk is highest in those aTRH regardless of blood pressure control. A more aggressive approach that focuses on lifestyle and pharmacologic measures to either prevent HTN or better control HTN during earlier stages may be particularly beneficial in reducing related AF risk.
Serial Polarization Transfer by Combination of Cross‐Relaxation and Rotational Resonance for Sensitivity‐Enhanced Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Biedenbänder Thomas , Bensons Edvards R. , Corzilius Björn
Published: August 2023

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Björn Corzilius's group at the University of Rostock. The image shows the interference of the isotropic frequency difference between two nuclear spins with the evolution of their dipolar coupling in an MAS rotor. This rotational resonance (R2) can be exploited for site‐specific dynamic nuclear polarization. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300206.