bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herbicidal potential of meadow sage (Salvia pratensis L.) against velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Med.) and common corn-cockle (Agrostemma githago L.)
Authors: Ravlić Marija , Baličević Renata , Svalina Toni , Posavac Diana , Ravlić Jelena
Published: May 2023

Medicinal and aromatic plants with allelopathic effect are a potential source of natural herbicides. The experiment was conducted in order to assess herbicidal potential of meadow sage (Salvia pratensis L.) on germination and growth of weed species velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Med.) and common corn-cockle (Agrostemma githago L.). Water extracts from S. pratensis dry biomass in different concentrations were evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions in Petri dish bioassay. Herbicidal effect of S. pratensis extracts depended on the extract concentration and weed species. In general, higher concentrations of water extract showed greater negative effect on germination and growth parameters of weed seedlings. A. githago had greater sensitivity to S. pratensis extracts with reductions in germination and seedlings growth up to 100% in treatments with 7.5% and 10% extract concentrations. A. theophrasti germination was not affected by water extracts, however, substantial reductions of root and shoot length as well as fresh weight of seedlings were recorded. S. pratensis proved as promising plant species for further studies.
Primjena korisnih mikroorganizama u ekološkoj zaštiti bilja od biljnih bolesti
Authors: Ilić Jelena
Published: May 2023

Korisni mikroorganizmi uključuju gljive, bakterije, protozoe te druge organizme koji pozitivno utječu na razvitak biljaka, otpornost na biljne bolesti i prilagodbu na stres iz okoliša. Zbog povećane upotrebe klasičnih sintetskih pesticida i gnojiva u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća, postoji velika učestalost otpornosti patogena i porast ostataka pesticida u okolišu. U skladu s tim, korisni mikroorganizmi se sve više primjenjuju jer ne ostavljaju otrovne rezidue u okolišu i ne izazivaju otpornost patogenih organizama.
Pozitivni društveno-ekonomski i ekološki učinci proizvodnje bioplina anerobnom digestijom
Authors: Petravić Tominac Vlatka , Novak Mario , Trontel Antonija , Pavlečić Mladen , Marđetko Nenad , Grubišić Marina , Didak Ljubas Blanka , Miličević Karla , Šantek Božidar
Published: May 2023

Glavni proizvod anaerobne digestije je bioplin, koji je obnovljivo gorivo, a sporedni proizvod ovog procesa je digestat, koji se koristi kao gnojivo bogato hranjivim tvarima. Dodatni pozitivni učinci anaerobne digestije su razgradnja organskog otpada te smanjenje neugodnih mirisa i koncentracije patogenih mikroorganizama. Bioplin se uglavnom koristi za proizvodnju električne energije i topline, a u nekim slučajevima se pročišćava da bi se dobio biometan koji se koristi u mreži prirodnog plina, kao gorivo za motore s unutarnjim sagorijevanjem ili kao polazna kemikalija za kemijsku industriju. Zbog svega navedenog, razvoj proizvodnje bioplina ima pozitivne društveno-ekonomske i ekološke učinke. Bioplin proizveden u Hrvatskoj većinom se koristi za proizvodnju električne i toplinske energije u kogeneracijskim postrojenjima. Iako su u Hrvatskoj dostupne različite obnovljive sirovine koje bi se mogle iskoristiti za proizvodnju bioplina, njihov je potencijal do sada bio nedovoljno iskorišten. Kao sirovine za proizvodnju bioplina u nas se pretežno koriste gnojovka i nusproizvodi poljoprivrede, klaonica i prehrambene industrije. Racionalnijim korištenjem zemljišta i razvojem prehrambene industrije mogla bi se povećati količina poljoprivrednih ostataka i nusproizvoda koji nastaju preradom hrane. Usmjeravanjem i poticanjem korištenja ovih nusproizvoda za anaerobnu digestiju može se stimulirati brži razvoj proizvodnje bioplina u Hrvatskoj. Pored mogućeg povećanja vlastite proizvodnje električne energije i goriva, radi se o ekološki povoljnoj tehnologiji koja ima pozitivan društveno-ekonomski učinak.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРАВОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОТИДІЇ ДОМАШНЬОМУ НАСИЛЬСТВУ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: ФОМЕНКО Андрій , ШАБЛИСТИЙ Володимир
Published: May 2023

Останні роки стали підґрунтям для підвищення рівня криміналізації суспільства, через восьмирічну агресію росії, яка набрала обертів повномасштабного вторгнення 24 лютого 2022 року, як наслідок, відбувалось масове та систематичне порушення фундаментальних прав людини, на що, звичайно, була болісна реакція громадськості. Тому згідно з динамічним розвитком соціальної, суспільно-політичної та державно-правової дійсності постало питання з вдосконалення кримінального та кримінально-процесуального законодавства України щодо домашнього насильства з урахуванням нового досвіду для України. Авторами обґрунтовано доцільність розгляду вчинення домашнього насильства в умовах воєнного стану на основі сучасних тенденцій розвитку правової реальності, безпекової ситуації, а також оцінки цих тенденцій та наслідків їх використання для протидії гендерно обумовленому насильству загалом.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО ОБОВ’ЯЗКУ ЖІНОК В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: КУРІННИЙ Євген
Published: May 2023

Стаття присвячена актуальній проблемі – особливостям реалізації військового обов’язку жінок в Україні. Розглянуто законодавчу регламентацію регулювання цих суспільних відносин та звернуто увагу на її нестабільність. Відмічено дещо обмежений обсяг реалізації відповідного обов’язку жінок порівняно з чоловіками. Наголошено на невдалості положень першої редакції наказу Міноборони України № 313 від 11.10.2021. Наведено перелік головних особливостей реалізації військових обов’язків жінок в нинішніх умовах України.
ПРОПАГАНДА ТА КОНСТИТУЦІЙНЕ ПРАВО НА ІНФОРМАЦІЮ ПІД ЧАС ВІЙНИ НА ТЛІ ЗІТКНЕНЬ ТОТАЛІТАРНИХ ПРАКТИК І ДЕМОКРАТИЧНИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ
Authors: САМОТУГА Андрій
Published: May 2023

Зважаючи на відсутність в українській правничій науці досліджень конституційно-правових аспектів пропаганди як різновиду інформаційної діяльності, висвітлено особливості здійснення конституційного права на інформацію в Україні в умовах воєнного стану в контексті такої конституційної засади, як заборона пропаганди війни та іншої ворожнечі, із протиставленням практики тоталітарних держав демократичним засадам адміністрування інформаційної сфери. Здійснено ретроспективний аналіз інституту пропаганди у ХХ-ХХІ ст. Зазначено, що зловживання конституційним правом на інформацію та свободою ЗМІ завжди перетворюється на поступове вибудовування пропаганди, головним суб’єктом чого визнано державу з авторитарним політичним режимом.
КОНСТИТУЦІЙНИЙ ПРИНЦИП СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТІ ЯК ОСНОВА ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ
Authors: ШЕЛЕВЕР Наталія
Published: May 2023

Досліджено основоположний принцип права – принцип справедливості, який є основою прав людини. У зв’язку з прагненням України стати повноправним членом ЄС втілення цього принципу в життя є актуальним питанням сьогодення. Тому на меті було дослідити конституційний принцип справедливості, що виконує основну роль у сфері дотримання прав, свобод та законних інтересів людини. Акцентовано на тому, що саме у природі людини закладено її прагнення до справедливості. Наголошено, що конституційний принцип справедливості поширюється і на юридичні обов’язки людей, оскільки здійснення прав і свобод є невід’ємне від виконання громадянином своїх обов’язків. Зроблено висновок про те, що справедливість тісно пов’язана з конституційними правами людини, які належать їй від народження і є основою правового статусу особистості, а порушення таких прав призводить до несправедливості.
ДЕЯКІ ПИТАННЯ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СПЕЦІАЛЬНИХ ЗАСОБІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЮ ПОЛІЦІЄЮ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: БАХЧЕВАН Євген , ПОКАЙЧУК Віталій
Published: May 2023

У статті розглянуто питання, пов’язані з особливостями правого регулювання застосування поліцейськими примусових поліцейських заходів, які зумовлені умовами воєнного стану в Україні. Здійснено ґрунтовний аналіз чинних нормативно-правових актів та запроваджених у них новел, які регламентують діяльність Національної поліції з питань правомірності, ефективності, необхідності та пропорційності застосування спеціальних і підручних засобів. Акцентовано на необхідності усунення внутрішньої неузгодженості норм чинного законодавства України та узгодження його із сучасними реаліями діяльності правоохоронців в умовах воєнного стану, уточненні тексту новел з метою одноманітного їх праворозуміння та правозастосування.
Women and Constitutional Reform in Response to Social Crisis: Second Annual Women Constitution-Makers’ Dialogue, 2020
Authors: Houlihan Erin C.
Published: May 2023

There is a rise in social protests globally due to dissatisfaction with governance, and women and youth often lead these protests. Governments respond to social protests with different tactics and methods, and some may engage in constitutional change to address the social unrest. Constitutional reform in response to social unrest presents an opportunity for women to ensure to ensure that their substantive interests—articulated as part of a protest movement—are incorporated into subsequent constitutional reforms. But women's participation and influence must often be (re)asserted when protest movements transition into a constitution-building process, as women tend to be seen as agents of change but not as agents of governance. The annual Women Constitution-Makers’ Dialogue series was established in 2019 as a platform for peer-to-peer exchange of experiences among women constitution-makers and peacebuilders. The second event in the series was held in November 2020, focusing on ‘Constitution-Making in Response to Social Unrest’. Constitution-makers, peacebuilders, and women’s equality advocates from Chile, The Gambia, Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria and Yemen discussed the differing roles that women play in interrelated social movements and constitution-making processes; the opportunities and obstacles women face in mainstreaming their inclusion and influence; and the ways in which women’s engagement (or exclusion) impacts the efficacy of a constitutional reform endeavour in addressing systemic problems underlying the civil unrest.
Analysis of phytoplankton abundance in kassikebo waters, pangkep regency, south sulawesi, indonesia
Authors: Tambaru Rahmadi , Samawi Muh Farid , Tuwo Ambo , Gosalam Sulaiman , Mujahidah Nur Qalbi
Published: May 2023

Changes in nutrient concentrations can be caused by anthropogenic activities in coastal and marine waters. This affects the abundance of phytoplankton. The waters experiencing it are the waters of Kassikebo Pangkep, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. For this reason, research has been carried out to analyze the abundance and structure of phytoplankton communities in these waters, from January to July 2022. To identify phytoplankton, 100 L of seawater samples were filtered, which were taken at each station. The results of that water filter, identified in the laboratory. The results showed that the classes of phytoplankton found were Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Species found such as Skeletonema and Detonula. The results of One-way ANOVA showed that phytoplankton abundance was not significantly different between observation stations (p>0.05). Changes in phytoplankton abundance are caused by pH.
Individual opinions on the excessive and under diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer
Authors: Jin Shan
Published: May 2023

The revision of various guidelines and standards in various countries has diversified the diagnosis and treatment mode of thyroid cancer, giving rise to many doubts and discussions about the related issues. Among them, the excessive and under diagnosis and treatment is the subject of endless debate. Based on the current changes in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer, this short communication expounds my personal views on the excessive and under diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.
Characterization of Workplace Violence in Healthcare Workers at an Emergency Room in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Alarcón Alejandra Niño , Gutiérrez-Pardo Camilo , Gomez Sofía Robledo , Medina Gabriela Ramírez , Porto-Gutiérrez Felipe , Di Martino María Valentina , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE: We aimed to characterize workplace violence faced by emergency staff at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI).

METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study carried out through an online survey applied to emergency physicians and practitioners between January 23 and 27, 2023. Demographic variables and WPV variables were studied.

RESULTS: 35 doctors, residents, interns, medical students, and nurses participated in this survey. Most of the participants were female. Approximately 91.4% of the staff have experienced verbal altercations at their workplace, and 17.1% have experienced physical violence. This has a significant negative impact on mental and psychological well-being. Some participants did not feel comfortable reporting the incidence of violence to their authorities due to the belief that no legal actions against the perpetrator, lack of organizational support, and fear that the appraisal or promotion avenues would be affected.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study allowed us to characterize workplace violence experienced by practitioners at a multidisciplinary center in Colombia through a gender scope, granting important information to health personnel.
The smallest gap between primes
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: May 2023

A prime gap is the difference between two successive prime numbers. Two is the smallest possible gap between primes. A twin prime is a prime that has a prime gap of two. The twin prime conjecture states that there are infinitely many twin primes. This conjecture has been one of the great open problems in number theory for many years. In May 2013, the popular Yitang Zhang's paper was accepted by the journal Annals of Mathematics where it was announced that for some integer N that is less than 70 million, there are infinitely many pairs of primes that differ by N. A few months later, James Maynard gave a different proof of Yitang Zhang's theorem and showed that there are infinitely many prime gaps with size of at most 600. A collaborative effort in the Polymath Project, led by Terence Tao, reduced to the lower bound 246 just using Zhang and Maynard results as the main theoretical background. In this note, using arithmetic operations, we prove that the twin prime conjecture is true. Indeed, this is a trivial and short note very easy to check and understand which is a breakthrough result at the same time.
The Global Financial Cycle and Country Risk in Emerging Markets During Stress Episodes: A Copula-CoVaR Approach
Authors: Melo-Velandia Luis Fernando , Romero José Vicente , Ramírez-González Mahicol Stiben
Published: May 2023

In this paper,we analyze the tail-dependence structure of credit default swaps (CDS) and the global financial cycle for a group of eleven emerging markets. Using a Copula-CoVaR model,we provide evidence that there is a significant taildependence between variables related with the global financial cycle, such as the VIX, and emerging market CDS. These results are particularly important in the context of distressed global financial markets (right tail of the distributions of the VIX) because they provide international investors with relevant information on how to rebalance their portfolios and a more suitable metric to analyze sovereign risk that goes beyond the traditional CoVaR. Additionally, we present further evidence supporting the importance of the global financial cycle in sovereign risk dynamics.
Reporte de la situación del crédito en Colombia - Marzo de 2023
Authors:   Departamento de Estabilidad Financiera
Published: May 2023

Este reporte presenta los resultados de la Encuesta trimestral sobre la situación del crédito en Colombia con corte a marzo de 2023, en la que participan los establecimientos de crédito (EC) que realizan operaciones de crédito: bancos, compañías de financiamiento (CFC) y cooperativas financieras (cooperativas). Adicionalmente, a partir de esta versión, se presenta un sombreado en el cual se analiza la situación actual del microcrédito para las entidades no vigiladas por la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC), con el fin de complementar el análisis de dicha modalidad. Esto, teniendo en cuenta que, para esta modalidad, el sector no vigilado tiene un alcance geográfico y poblacional relevante con respecto al sector tradicional. El objetivo de este reporte es analizar la percepción que tienen las entidades sobre la oferta, la demanda y el acceso al crédito, los cambios en las políticas de asignación en el trimestre analizado y las expectativas que se tienen para el próximo. Además, presenta el comportamiento de las modificaciones y reestructuraciones de los créditos, y la carga financiera de los deudores que accedieron a nuevos créditos en las carteras a hogares. En relación con el sombreado, además de estos objetivos, busca informar sobre la evolución de la calidad de cartera y los riesgos financieros de las entidades no vigiladas por la SFC. El documento está compuesto por seis secciones. La primera analiza el panorama general de la situación del crédito, centrándose en las percepciones que tienen los EC con respecto a su demanda y oferta. La segunda se enfoca en el acceso al crédito por sectores económicos y firmas. En la tercera se analizan los cambios en la oferta durante el trimestre analizado y las políticas de asignación de nuevos créditos. En la cuarta se presentan los principales resultados sobre modificaciones y reestructuración de préstamos, y en la quinta se analiza la carga financiera de los deudores de nuevos créditos a hogares. Finalmente, en la última sección se incluyen algunos comentarios generales que resumen la situación actual del crédito en Colombia.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMMERCIAL COMPETITIVE ELISA FOR THE DETECTION OF WEST NILE VIRUS ANTIBODIES IN SENTINEL CHICKENS
Authors: PEPER STEVEN , STERLING MILTON
Published: May 2023

The use of sentinel chickens is a powerful tool to aid in arboviral surveillance efforts. Results from this type of surveillance is used to help guide abatement efforts for vector species. Many mosquito control programs use outsourced laboratories for testing sentinel chicken samples. This study evaluated the use of a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for in-house testing for West Nile virus antibodies from chicken serum. The commercial cELISA detected more positive sentinel chickens compared to the outsourced laboratory results. Results obtained from the in-house testing of chicken serum were reported sooner compared to the outsourced laboratory results, enhancing mosquito control programs timeliness for response to mosquito-borne disease.
Development and Evaluation of In-Situ Floating Gel In treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd)
Authors: Deshmukh Mr. Vikram Tanaji , Chandra Pati Dr. Jagdish
Published: May 2023

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems can deliver narrow-window drugs to the upper stomach at a controlled rate. The raft forming process is better than floating structures, liquid dosing mediums, and in situ gelation for sustained drug release in the upper GI tract. According to statistics, lafutidine is exactly put in the parietal cells of the stomach mucosa, where the upper gastro-intestinal tract absorbs it. Lafutidine capsules had 65–70% bioavailability compared to intravenous infusion. Stability and absorption are acceptable between 1 and 4. The colon and lower gastrointestinal tract degenerate. In this study, the formulations were changed into gel for simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and floated in the gastrointestinal environment, releasing medication for 12 hours. The finished device was tested. UV was linear from 5–30 g/ml with a regression value of 0.999. IR and DSC demonstrated negligible interaction between chemical, polymers, and excipients. Gelling polymers and calcium chloride were complexed with two xyloglucan polymers, gellan gum, and in situ gelling formulations. Xyloglucan was the best polymer for rheological tests, medication content, mucoadhesive strength, and gel strength. Lafutidine's solution formulae X10 and G10 did not improve in appearance, drug content, or dissolving profile after three months at 40°C and 75% RH. Wistar rats tested the in situ optimized Lafutidine gelling (X10, G10) formula. The ulcer index, stomach acid volume (ml), acidity (mEq / l / g), and pH were significantly affected by a single-way ANOVA solution and Tucky's multiples comparison test. The current work successfully developed, tested, and produced an oral continuous release floating Lafutidine gelling device with stomach-specific drug delivery, maintaining drug release and gastric preservation for the required time.
The Role of Intrinsic Motivation in German Language Learning
Authors: Hernández-Salinas Fátima de la Luz
Published: May 2023

The purpose of learning any language derives from the necessities and what is wanted of the language. Self-Determination Theory has been a discussed topic to address the learning purpose. The motivational orientation that German learners can take to direct their learning is vital to identify if intrinsic motivation takes place on it. This project is directed as a case study. The mediation of the case study is through an inquiry tool. A written interview is applied in an online modality to collect and discuss the results. In this study is found that the effects that two German learners had during their language learning process were significant to the main reason why they started studying the language. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the different types of intrinsic motivation with the presence of different motivational orientations lead learners to achieve a similar positive effect in their learning that helped learners to maintain it.
Reactions to the Seventh-day Adventist Evangelical Conferences and Questions on Doctrine 1955-1971
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Nam Juhyeok
Published: May 2023

Topic The Seventh-day Adventist Evangelical Conferences of 1955-1956 resulted in the publication of articles favorable to Adventists in Eternity and Seventh-day Adventists Answer Questions on Doctrine, both of which evoked a variety of reactions among evangelicals and Adventists. Purpose This study identifies and analyzes various evangelical and Adventist responses to the Seventh-day Adventist Evangelical Conferences and Questions on Doctrine. In particular, this investigation examines the interaction between the major theological camps that emerged within and outside the Adventist church. Sources This research is a documentary/analytical study of materials produced between 1955 and 1971 in reaction to the Seventh-day Adventist Evangelical Conferences and Questions on Doctrine. Sources of particular importance to this study have been major evangelical and Adventist periodicals and unpublished materials gathered from archival collections at Andrews University, the Ellen G. White Estate, the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, Loma Linda University, and the Presbyterian Historical Society. Conclusions Four distinct types of reactions were identified by this research: (1) pro-Adventist evangelicals; (2) anti-Adventist evangelicals; (3) pro-Questions on Doctrine Adventists; and (4) anti-Questions on Doctrine Adventists. The first group was represented by Walter R. Martin, Donald Grey Bamhouse, E. Schuyler English, and Frank Mead, who accepted Adventism as an evangelical church. The rest of the evangelical world belonged to the second group and continued to regard Adventism as a cult. The third group was led by those General Conference leaders who participated in the Adventist-evangelical conferences and in the publication of Questions on Doctrine. The final group was led by M. L. Andreasen, who strongly protested against the book which he considered to be significantly un-Adventist. The reactions by and interactions among these four groups until 1971 show that the controversy over the Adventist-evangelical dialogues and Questions on Doctrine was never fully resolved and the four sides remained in tension.
Institutional Effectiveness : the Integration of Program Review, Strategic Planning, and Budgeting Processes in Two California Community Colleges
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, White Eileen
Published: May 2023

Problem. Effective institutional planning is vital to the ability of community colleges to deliberately respond to external and internal pressures to increase accountability and demonstrate institutional effectiveness. A significant indicator for assessing the effectiveness of a program review process is the use of the outcomes for other institutional purposes such as research, planning, and resource allocation—in other words, informed decision making. In the past, program review, planning, and budgeting processes for the most part have been independent functions or limited in their integration within an institution. The literature provides theories of integration, but little has been written about how these theories are successfully implemented. Method. This multiple case study describes, compares, and contrasts how two California community colleges connect program review to institutional planning and decision-making processes. Utilizing a qualitative research design, data gathered over a 4-year period included interviews and focus groups of administrators, faculty, staff, and students, on-site observations of various planning and budgeting processes, and extensive document analysis. The research objectives were to (a) examine how program review outcomes are integrated into the planning and budget processes and (b) determine the critical components of a successful integration process. Results. Each college has its own way of integrating academic planning and decision-making processes. Each institution has its own leadership style and unique culture that are determining factors in integration. However, the more skillful, stable, and trustworthy the leadership and the more open, flexible, data-informed, and collaborative the culture, the more integration-friendly an institution will be. Strong, authentic shared-governance models provide a balanced distribution of power that engenders greater participation— power with, not power over. Conclusions. Integration of program review outcomes, strategic planning, and budgeting increases the effectiveness of colleges. These components are more effective when leadership and institutional culture are considered and over-laid on the institutional structure, which affects organizational behavior. This study provides a new contextual model and lens to view the integration process holistically, including the major processes in relationship to the institutional culture and how that relationship can enhance the effectiveness of the organization.
Socioeconomic Characteristics as Factors of Academic Success on the Exame Nacional de Cursos Among Undergraduate Students of Selected Study Programs in Brazil
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Arrais de Matos Josmar
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the possible relationships among socioeconomic characteristics as factors influencing the success levels of Brazilian students. Data were provided by the 2002 Exame Nacional de Cursos [National Examination of Study Programs], or ENC , in five cursos . For this study, the following programs, representing three levels of prestige, were selected: low (Modern Letters and History), middle (Law), and high (Medicine and Dentistry). The purpose was to gain a deeper understanding of the issues associated with relationships among various socioeconomic characteristics, as well as to gain a more global understanding of the implications of the socioeconomic process as a whole. The following variables were selected: gender, socioeconomic status (family income), parents' education, and race/color. Method. I used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, or SPSS, with an emphasis in the AnswerTree module. Probability-concepts were also used, along with bi-dimensional graphic representation and analysis. Students were designated as belonging to one of two groups: (a) the high score group, or students who obtained a general score above the 75th percentile on the ENC , and (b) the low score group, or students who obtained a general score below the 25th percentile on the ENC. Results. This study demonstrated that both the AnswerTree test and the Probability calculations point to similar conclusions: (a) Race is not a significant variable to define either low or high scores, with the one exception being for Mulattos in Medicine; (b) gender, family income, and parents' education are significant for both low and high scores for low prestige cursos ; (c) family income and parents' education are significantly associated with middle prestige careers; and (d) none of the independent variables are related to low or high scores for high-prestige careers. Conclusion. More privileged students tend to get higher scores in low-prestige cursos. Less privileged students tend to get lower scores in low-prestige cursos. Public high-school students tend to choose low-prestige cursos and students from private high-schools tend to choose high-prestige cursos. The selection process excludes those who are not as well prepared for the entrance exam (vestibular) and those from lower socioeconomic levels are not as well prepared.
Administrator Perceptions of Internet-Based Distance Education in Adventist Colleges and Universities : a Mixed-Method Study
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Cress Pamela
Published: May 2023

Problem . The quality of Internet-based distance education (IBDE) will increasingly become the standard by which students choose a program as higher educational options multiply due to the dramatic growth in distance education. A system-wide examination of perceptions of IBDE in Adventist highereducation is important to administrators for future institutional strategic planning purposes, systemic adoption of policies and practices that promote excellence, and identifying collaborative efforts. Method . This was a sequential exploratory mixed-method study of the perceptions of administrators on IBDE. It was conducted collaboratively with Susan Smith who examined teacher perceptions. Data were collected for both studies from teachers and administrators at nine Adventist colleges and universitiesacross the United States. Research participants were first surveyed using an electronic version of the Institute for Higher Education Policy (IHEP) benchmarks. The survey was followed by a qualitative phase that involved telephone interviews with one identified expert in IBDE on each of the nine campuses. Results . The results of this study indicate little difference in teacher and administrator perceptions with regard to performance on the IHEP benchmarks. However, the most problematic areas of the benchmarks that have significant implications for administrators include: visioning and strategic planning; student and faculty support; and evaluation and assessment. Administrators did express that IBDE was important and future plans were to increase offerings. In the qualitative phase, the themes of prevailing attitudes, collaboration, and qualities of an expert emerged in addition to the seven benchmark categories. Findings that were statistically significant were gender perceptions and the combined effect of experience and position. It was found that mid-level administrators with online teaching experience more strongly identified with leadership roles than teachers or upper level administrators. Conclusions . There are several weak system components in Adventist Internet-based distance education. These areas include strategic planning for technology infrastructure and teaching with technology, policy and management structures, and monitoring and evaluation. Future research recommendations involve exploration of institutional collaborative models, distance education policy and procedures, mid-level administrator impact on distance education, gender differences, and testing and revision of the IHEP benchmarks.
Change Processes in Selected Private Institutions of Higher Education
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Herr Ronald
Published: May 2023

Problem. Some higher education institutions are responding to internal and external forces created by the Information Age due to changes in technology, shifts in education delivery, and increasing financial pressures. Are there common processes among a number of selected institutions of similar size and control that could be emulated by peer institutions? Purpose. The purpose of the study was to describe change processes in private institutions of higher education that are successful based on selected academic and financial data. The institutions selected initially for superior academic and financial statistics over a 5- year period were all church-related and therefore the study was expanded to consider how church-relatedness may have affected the institutions ability to change. Method. A qualitative multiple case study methodology was used for this research. I selected three private institutions of higher education, the University of Mary-Hardin Baylor, Mount Saint Mary College, and Charleston Southern University, as my case studies. Semi-structured interviews with the President, Provost or Academic Vice- President, the Chief Financial Officer, and the President of the Faculty Senate formed the data for the study. Results and Conclusions. Four major themes were found in the data from all three schools with similar sub-themes. The four processes used by the institutions were Enhancing Academic Delivery, Challenging the Fundamental Role of the Faculty, Improving Campus Life for Students, and Implementing Formal Planning Processes and Other Financial Issues. Additionally, the findings were compared to the existing body of literature related to change and specifically looked at the role of the leader using John Kotter’s eight-step process for implementing major changes in an institution. The study found no effect between the institutions’ church- relatedness and its’ ability to change. The study supports the existing body of knowledge regarding good change-management processes and expanded on this body of knowledge by giving specific examples of how those change processes are occurring. This information suggests ideas and recommendations for peer institutions of higher education to consider as they develop their own change processes in an ever-increasingly changing world.
Developmental Processes Critical to the Formation of Servant Leaders in China
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Horn Thomas
Published: May 2023

Problem. This study concerns three matters: the leader formation process in general, servant leadership formation in particular, and the application to crossing cultures, with China as the primary context. The central problem of this study revolves around leader formation . What events, experiences, people and other formative processes contributed as critical to the formation of exemplary Christian leaders in China? Method. The design of this research was a narrative, qualitative study that explored the central phenomenon of leader formation. The researcher was the instrument to collect data through in-depth interviews. This study purposefully selected three exemplary Christian Chinese leaders. The participants were asked to share their life stories by recounting the significant formative processes. This questioning was done inductively by asking broad, general questions, without bringing preconceived notions to bear. Participant selection included people of different ages in order to describe from multiple perspectives what was formative in the past as well as the present. The differences between the participants provided sufficient coverage so that their combined stories elicited common themes. Results . J. Robert Clinton's Leadership Emergence Theory was the theoretical framework for assessing leader formation. The research concluded that leader formation among Chinese Christian leaders occurred mostly through nonformal or informal education, with mentoring and modeling playing a significant role. Of the several process items considered, suffering (internal and external) came across as the most significant life-shaping experience. Formation of being overshadowed formation of knowing and doing. China is changing dramatically, and future leader formation must prepare people to grow holistically while serving the complex challenges of society. Conclusions. The exemplary Chinese leader embodies honorable qualities and has undergone challenging developmental processes. Chinese culture and worldview have shaped this person's life, as in every culture. However, the exemplary Christian Chinese leader has been subject to formative processes that are sometimes unique and often distinct from what is considered normative leadership development elsewhere. Suggestions toward a universal leadership model were presented. Leader formation globally can learn much from understanding the qualities and developmental processes critical to the formation of the exemplary Chinese leader.
The Effects of Cooperative Learning Versus Traditional Classroom Instruction on Cognitive Achievement, Critical Thinking, and Attitudes Toward Learning in Teams in a Physician Assistant Program
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Massey Scott
Published: May 2023

Problem. Physician assistants are required to possess critical thinking skills and excellent intellectual skills to achieve the level of autonomy expected by supervising physicians. No scientific research has been identified to determine the most effective means of educating the physician assistant students. The purpose of the research study was to determine whether a statistical difference exists between students educated in a cooperative learning environment versus a traditional lecture environment. The dependent variable utilized in this study included critical thinking skills, cognitive achievement, and attitudes towards learning in teams. Using an experimental research design, students were educated in a cooperative learning format versus a traditional lecture format. The findings revealed no statistically significant difference in cognitive achievement and critical thinking scores between the cooperative learning section and the lecture section. The instrument utilized to measure attitudes toward learning in teams was divided into nine sub-hypotheses. In six of the nine sub-hypotheses, the null hypotheses were retained. Three o f the subhypotheses revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups on the following items: all members o f my group were integral to the group’s success, each member o f my group contributed to the effectiveness of our presentation and success of the group, and my group knew the goal of the group and understood its importance. Although the research findings in this study were not consistent with the cooperative learning literature at the elementary and secondary levels, the findings were consistent with an eariler dissertation completed in 1984 at the college level.
Fixing the Hole in the Pipe : Moving Beyond Prereferral Toward Changing the System
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Papandrea Jean
Published: May 2023

Problem Too many students in school districts across the nation fail and are inappropriately referred for special education classification and services, when, in reality, they are not disabled, but are casualties of systems that do not have appropriate instructional intervention and support systems in place. This study explores the outcomes of an Instructional Support system called the 7 SHARE Initiative. Essential system components are: (a) Instructional Support Teachers (ISTs) in each school, (b) Curriculum-Based Assessment as developed by Edward E. Gickling, (c) direct instruction of strategies to students, and (d) modeling strategies for teachers to implement in class-wide applications. Method A fourth generation (Guba & Lincoln, 1989), utilization-focused (Patton, 1997) educational program evaluation that employs an insider/outsider research team (Bartunek & Louis, 1996) was used. Qualitative and quantitative data were cross-analyzed to determine the impact of various interventions on outcomes achieved by 143 students from eight elementary schools, served by six Instructional Support Teachers (ISTs). Results The majority (76%) of students served improved academically and were prevented from being referred for special education services. The three interventions most connected with student improvement, in order of degree of impact were (a) strategies taught to the student by the 1ST, (b) 10 or more sessions of direct instruction in one-on-one sessions by the 1ST, and (c) modeling and in-classroom support for the transfer of the strategies by classroom teachers to class-wide applications. Special education referral and classification efficiency data revealed a 45% reduction in referrals in the first year, and a 42% reduction in the second year. The work of the 1ST is indicated as the system intervention responsible for this reduction. Classification efficiency rates improved from 66.08% to 82.08% efficiency over the first 2 years of implementation. Conclusions Instructional Support in the 7 SHARE Initiative has created the conditions for students to improve academically and to avoid being inappropriately referred to special education. The primary factor related to these results was the intervention into the system of an 1ST. Recommendations are made for schools seeking to initiate a system of academic intervention to prevent student failure.
Aims of Education in the Writings of Ellen White
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Snorrason Erling
Published: May 2023

Problem. Ellen White’s educational philosophy and its application to the aims of education have not been systematically or thoroughly addressed within the parameters and demands of a graduate thesis. The present dissertation explores the aims of education, especially the ultimate aims of education, in the writings of Ellen G. White, one of the founders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and could be of value in assessing the present Seventh-day Adventist educational enterprise. Method. This dissertation is a description and an analysis of Ellen White’s concept of education as revealed by her understanding of the aims of education. It is a documentary study, an attempt to identify, describe, analyze, and evaluate White’s statements on the aims of education on the basis of her general philosophy, with a special emphasis on epistemology. For a selected context, the educational ideas of Herbert Spencer, John Dewey, and the Manual Education movements were examined. Conclusions. The study reveals that the ultimate aims of education in the thinking of Spencer and Dewey were focused on the “complete living” and the maximum development and growth of the individual and society. These were based on their ultimate epistemological aim, namely, science, that is, scientific knowledge obtained by the scientific method. White’s ultimate aim of education is the restoration of the image of God in the human being. The chief elements in her concept of the image of God are freedom of choice, dignity, individuality, and a character of love expressed in unselfish service to God and fellow human beings. Such character includes the development of the whole being for service. The ultimate epistemological aim of education, a personal and experiential knowledge of God, is indispensable to the ultimate metaphysical and axiological educational aim, the restoration of the image of God in the human being. This ultimate aim of education is not static, but dynamic. The human being will reflect this image, the glory of God, more and more fully throughout eternity.
Evaluation and Management of Health and Safety Risks of Chlorine Gas in Transportation Routes
Authors:   Department of Ergonomics, Health Research Center in Accidents and Disasters, University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, Tehran, Iran., Mohammadfam Iraj , Ghahremani Namain Saeed ,   Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Gholamizadeh Kamran ,   Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Borgheipour Hasti ,   Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2023

Background: More than 90% of goods movement in Iran is done by road transport. A significant part of these materials is dangerous goods. Considering that chlorine gas is considered a toxic and oxidizing substance, predicting the way of release and mortality due to accidental leakage of chlorine gas can be a crucial tool in adopting preventive strategies. This study aims to evaluate the safety of chlorine gas transportation and analyze the consequences of its release. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted in 2020 in Tehran. The transportation risk rating index was used to measure and evaluate the quantitative risk of transportation of hazardous materials. PHAST software was used to determine the consequence of possible accident scenarios on the transportation route. In the final stage, according to the amount of traffic, the time and manner of response to emergencies by the fire and emergency organization were simulated using Pathfinder software. Results: In this evaluation, the chlorine risk rating was calculated as 192. The worst possible scenario was a catastrophic rupture of chlorine in the second half of 2021. As a result of the accident, up to a radius of 1800 m from the center of the leak, the dangerous concentration is equal to 20 ppm, that is, equal to the ERPG3 limit. The simulation results showed that the release of poisonous chlorine gas leads to the death of 10% of people up to a radius of 192 m around the scenario. Conclusion: In the scenario of the sudden release of chlorine, in which people need to escape and move away from the accident site, it was found that it takes more than 24 minutes to leave the ERPG-3 area. Considering that the assumed average speed of 1.15 m/s is the average speed of people and naturally the speed of sensitive people is much lower in the conditions of an accident, it can be concluded that in the scenario of a sudden leak, a significant part of the people involved in the accident may suffer severe and irreparable damage.