bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence estimates of mental health problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Buckley Nicholas , Glasson Emma J , Chen Wai , Epstein Amy , Leonard Helen , Skoss Rachel , Jacoby Peter , Blackmore Amanda Marie , Srinivasjois Ravisha , Bourke Jenny , Sanders Richard J , Downs Jenny
Published: May 2020

Background:

Children and adolescents with intellectual disability are at risk of developing psychiatric symptoms and disorders; yet, the estimates reported in the literature have been inconsistent, presenting a potential barrier for service planning and delivery. Sources of variability could arise from differences in measurement instruments as well as subgroup membership by severity of intellectual disability, gender and age. This systematic review aimed to address these gaps.

Method:

MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 2018 and selected studies were reviewed. Studies were included if they reported point prevalence estimates of mental health symptomology or diagnoses in a general population of 6- to 21-year-old individuals with intellectual disability. The Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Checklist was applied to eligible papers to appraise their scientific strength. Pooled prevalence for mental health symptomology was determined using a random-effects meta-analysis.

Results:

A total of 19 studies were included, including 6151 children and adolescents. The pooled prevalence estimate captured by the Developmental Behaviour Checklist was 38% (95% confidence interval = [31, 46]), contrasting with 49% (95% confidence interval = [46, 51]) captured by the Child Behaviour Checklist; both rates were higher than a non-intellectual disability population. Severity of intellectual disability did not significantly influence the Developmental Behaviour Checklist risks. Insufficient data were available to conduct statistical analyses on the effects of age, gender and socioeconomic status. Of diagnosed psychiatric disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (30%), conduct disorder (3–21%) and anxiety disorders (7–34%) were the most prevalent conditions.

Conclusion:

This review consists of the largest sample hitherto evaluated. In the intellectual disability population, mental health comorbidities could be better detected by a symptom phenotype than a psychiatric diagnostic phenotype. Crucially, future research needs to address the effect of measurement validity in the intellectual disability population. Estimated prevalence rates were high compared to the general population, indicating the importance of systematic screening, case detection and appropriate management.
Is it time to change the gold standard of obsessive-compulsive disorder severity assessment? Factor structure of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale
Authors: Fatori Daniel , Costa Daniel LC , Asbahr Fernando R , Ferrão Ygor A , Rosário Maria Conceição , Miguel Euripedes C , Shavitt Roseli G , Batistuzzo Marcelo C
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale has been considered the gold standard scale to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder severity. Previous studies using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with this scale showed mixed findings in terms of factor structure and fit of models. Therefore, we used confirmatory factor analysis to compare different Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale models in a large sample aiming to identify the best model fit.

Methods:

We assessed adult obsessive-compulsive disorder patients ( n = 955) using three measures: Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale severity ratings, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the clinical global impression scale. We tested all factor structures reported by previous studies to investigate which model best fitted the data: one-factor, two-factor, three-factor and their equivalent high-order solutions. We also investigated Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale items correlations with scores from the other measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder severity.

Results:

Confirmatory factor analysis models presented mediocre to fair goodness-of-fit indexes. Severity items related to resistance to obsessions and compulsions presented low factor loadings. The model with the best fit indexes was a high-order model without obsessive-compulsive disorder resistance items. These items also presented small correlations with other obsessive-compulsive disorder severity measures.

Conclusion:

The obsessive-compulsive disorder field needs to discuss further improvements in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and/or continue to search for better measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder severity.
Learning Vocabulary from Reading-only, Reading-while-listening, and Reading with Textual Input Enhancement: Insights from Vietnamese EFL Learners
Authors: Vu Duy Van , Peters Elke
Published: May 2020

This article reports the results of two experiments which compared the effects of reading-only, reading-while-listening, and reading with textual input enhancement (i.e. underlining) on Vietnamese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ learning of three aspects of vocabulary knowledge: form recognition, form recall, and meaning recall. Sixty Vietnamese EFL learners (32 beginner and 28 intermediate learners) were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: reading-only, reading-while-listening, or reading with textual input enhancement. During four weeks, all learners read four graded readers in their condition groups. Tests of target words were administered three times: one week before the reading (pretests), immediately after the reading (immediate posttests), and one week after the reading (delayed posttests). To gain more insights into the learners’ perspectives, follow-up semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results showed that the three reading modes resulted in word learning gains for the three word knowledge aspects tested. However, reading with textual input enhancement resulted in significantly more vocabulary learning than reading-only, while the reading-while-listening and reading-only groups did not differ significantly. In addition, form recognition had the largest gains while form recall the smallest.
Data-driven technique for analyzing the injector efficiency in a waterflooding operation
Authors: Shabani Ali , Moosavi Mahdiyeh Sadat , Zivar Davood , Jahangiri Hamid Reza
Published: May 2020

Waterflooding is considered as one of the most common methods for improving the ultimate recovery of oil reservoirs. The efficiency of a waterflooding operation strongly depends on the determination and quantification of the relative connections between the injection and production wells. Injection and production rates are the most accessible data and they can provide useful information about the interwell connections. Recently, several data-driven approaches, such as the capacitance resistance model (CRM), have been presented based on available reservoir data. The CRM is a valuable analytical model for estimating the production rates and interwell connections through optimization of the production data. In this study, a CRM is used in order to estimate the production rate and evaluate the underground flow paths for both synthetic and real cases. A new concept called Value of Injection (VoI) is developed for the injectors to analyze their performance in the early time of the waterflooding prior to the significant water breakthrough. The calculated VoI is directly used for economical evaluation of the injectors. The results of this study show that a strong underground connection between an injector–producer pair does not always result in higher efficiency of the injector.
“Decentralize or Else”: Russia's Use of Offensive Coercive Diplomacy against Ukraine
Authors: Alim Eray
Published: May 2020

Drawing on the concept of offensive coercive diplomacy, this article examines Russia's strategy in the conflict in Eastern Ukraine and addresses the question of why Russia has failed to achieve its objectives. Through an analysis of notions such as “status quo” (in terms of who overturned it) and international law (in terms of who violated it), I attempt to show that Russia's actions in Eastern Ukraine qualify as offensive coercion. Backed up by force, Russia demanded that Ukraine implement a decentralization process and grant a part of Eastern Ukraine (Donbas) special status. Knowing that Russia's aim is to use Donbas as an instrument to control its political future, Ukraine refused to acquiesce to Russia's demand without restoring its sovereignty in Eastern Ukraine. With both sides refusing to budge, the crisis turned into a zero‐sum game. This article seeks to contribute to research on coercive diplomacy by focusing on offensive coercion.
The Political Economy of Puerto Rico: Surplus Use and Class Structure
Authors: Fuentes-Ramírez Ricardo R.
Published: May 2020

Assuming that the first claim on a society’s output is to meet the essential consumption needs of its citizens, the remainder of its output, or surplus, can be conceptualized as discretionary income that it may use in various ways. An analysis of the use of the surplus in Puerto Rico suggests that most of the economic surplus remains within the island, unproductively utilized by domestic capitalists. By redirecting this surplus to productive investment, Puerto Rico could initiate a process of recovery. The task is developing the political will to transfer this wealth from high-income Puerto Ricans and unproductive sectors to a radical industrial policy initiative. Emphasizing that there are in fact alternatives to austerity may facilitate social movements’ coalescing around this policy and thus contribute to the development of the political conditions necessary for restoring growth and development.

Asumiendo que el primer reclamo sobre la producción de una sociedad es satisfacer las necesidades esenciales de consumo de sus ciudadanos, el resto de su producción, o excedente, puede conceptualizarse como un ingreso discrecional que se puede usar de varias maneras. Un análisis del uso del excedente en Puerto Rico sugiere que la mayor parte del excedente económico permanece dentro de la isla, utilizada de manera improductiva por los capitalistas nacionales. Al redirigir este excedente a la inversión productiva, Puerto Rico podría iniciar un proceso de reactivación. La tarea es desarrollar la voluntad política para transferir esta riqueza de puertorriqueños de altos ingresos y sectores improductivos a una iniciativa de política industrial radical. Enfatizar que, de hecho, existen alternativas a la austeridad puede facilitar que los movimientos sociales se aglutinan en torno a esta política y contribuir así al desarrollo de las condiciones políticas necesarias para restaurar el crecimiento y el desarrollo.
Heterogeneity in the trajectories of US Latine mothers’ dual-language input from infancy to preschool
Authors: Luo Rufan , Escobar Kelly , Tamis-LeMonda Catherine S.
Published: May 2020

We longitudinally examined the trajectories of Latine mothers’ ( N = 116) language input to their children during book-sharing interactions at four points in development, when children were between ages 2 and 5 years. Mother–child dyads were video-recorded sharing a wordless picture book, and transcriptions of mothers’ and children’s language yielded word types in Spanish and English at each assessment wave. Three distinct trajectories of change in mothers’ dual-language use were identified. Some mothers shifted from Spanish-dominant input to more balanced input between English and Spanish; other mothers provided English-dominant input and used more English and less Spanish over time; and the remaining mothers were stable in their Spanish-dominant input across child ages. Mothers’ immigration background, educational level, and children’s preschool language experiences each uniquely predicted trajectories of maternal language input. In general, children showed similar trajectories as their mothers, although mismatch occurred for some dyads at the later ages. The dual-language environments of Latine children are dynamic and shaped by individual and contextual factors.
Culture versus class: towards an understanding of Māori poverty
Authors: van Meijl Toon
Published: May 2020

Interrogating why class has been demoted as a useful concept within anthropology, the author examines the ways in which issues of inequality and ethnicity have been used to explain both the enduring impact of settler colonialism on, and contemporary forms of discrimination against, New Zealand Māori. He weighs up the impact of the cultural turn in academia, the Māori Renaissance, the impact of neoliberalism, and the assumption that class coincides with ethnicity and hence the emphasis on affirmative action in education. The assumption that poverty is either class- or ethnicity-based is false. Māori themselves have been affected by social change: a few making it into a middle class, while, despite growing intermarriage, identification as Māori, appears enhanced by both enduring poverty and racism.
Biometrics as imperialism: age assessments of young asylum seekers in Denmark
Authors: Dahler Nanna
Published: May 2020

This article explores medical assessments of the age of unaccompanied minors seeking asylum in Denmark, to show how, through the medical and bureaucratic aspects of the process, it serves as an imperialist technology of control, as those judged under 18 have greater protection in the asylum system. Since the biggest group of people who are age-estimated in Denmark are Afghans, the author looks at the relationship between Denmark and Afghanistan and draws on interviews with people who underwent the process. By connecting medical documents with biometric measurement in colonial contexts and the current expansion of biometric surveillance, the author argues that the collection of intrusive physical data from Afghan minors is to be understood as a colonial mapping of the body. The Danish Immigration Service’s age decision-making process articulates a form of administrative rule that works to depoliticise questions of dispossession and death, and is a form of colonial violence enabled by humanitarian discourse and law.
Bone regeneration utilizing a newly developed octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen scaffold
Authors: Kaneko Mayumi , Shigeno Keiji , Wakatsuki Mariko , Nakada Akira , Inada Yuji , Nakamura Tatsuo
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Autologous bone grafting or various bone-regenerating materials are used to treat bone defects caused by tumor resection and accident trauma. Octacalcium phosphate, a reasonable bone regenerative material, activates osteoblasts. We fabricated a composite material, octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen, as a new scaffold. We aimed to investigate the osteoregenerative effect of the octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen scaffold (compared with that of weakly denatured collagen) in skull defects in a canine model.

Methods:

Atelocollagen was extracted from porcine skin via pepsin treatment. The weakly denatured collagen scaffold was fabricated with a freeze-dried and thermally crosslinked atelocollagen suspension at pH 7.4. Octacalcium phosphate was synthesized using Ca-acetate and NaH2PO4. Octacalcium phosphate particles (diameter, 199–298 µm) were mixed with a collagen matrix to fabricate an octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen scaffold. Bilateral defects (diameter, 10 mm; full-thickness) were induced in dog skulls, and the octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen and weakly denatured collagen scaffolds were implanted into the defects.

Results:

Eight weeks after implantations, bone regeneration was evaluated via histopathological analysis. It revealed osteoblast infiltration and osteoregeneration in all defects treated with the octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen scaffold. The defects treated with weakly denatured collagen scaffold or without any scaffold mostly contained connective tissue, with no neo-osteogenesis.

Discussion:

The novel octacalcium phosphate/weakly denatured collagen scaffold better promotes osteoregeneration than the weakly denatured collagen scaffold; this “in situ tissue engineering” approach is potentially clinically applicable for bone reconstruction.
Microfluidic array chip based on excimer laser processing technology for the construction of in vitro graphical neuronal network
Authors: Shen Xuefei , Yang Yi , Tian Shanshan , Zhao Yu , Chen Tao
Published: May 2020

To construct a graphical neural network in vitro and explore the morphological effects of neural network structural changes on neurons, this study aimed to introduce a method for fabricating microfluidic array chips with different graphical structures based on 248-nm excimer laser one-step etching. Through the comparative analysis of the graphical neural network cultured on our microfluidic array chip with the one on the glass slide, the morphological effects of the neural network on the morphology of the neurons were studied. First, the design of the chip was completed according to the specific structure of the neurons and the simulation of the flow field. The chips were fabricated by excimer laser processing combined with the casting technology. Neurons were cultured on the chip, and a graphical neural network was formed. The growth status of the neural network was analyzed by microscopy and immunofluorescence technology, and compared with the random neural network cultured on glass slides. The results showed that the neurons on the array chips grew in microchannels, and neurites grew along the direction of the channel, interlacing to form a neural network. Furthermore, when the structure of the neural network was graphically changed, the internal neuron morphology changed: on the same culture days, the maximum length of the neurites of the graphical neural network was higher than the average length of the neurites of the random neural network. This research can provide the foundation for the exploration of the neural network mechanism of neurological diseases.
Curcumin-loaded poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles show antioxidant and cytoprotective effects in the presence of reactive oxygen species
Authors: M Luisa Del Prado-Audelo , Griselda Rodríguez-Martínez , Valentín Martínez-López , Carmina Ortega-Sánchez , Cristina Velasquillo-Martínez , JJ Magaña , Maykel González-Torres , David Quintanar-Guerrero , Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez , Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
Published: May 2020

Interest in novel delivery systems that improve the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of natural drugs has been explored recently due to the increase in the incidence of chronic diseases in which oxidation mechanisms are involved. Curcumin is a phenolic compound recently shown to be clinically significant due to its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. However, this molecule possesses a low bioavailability and a high degradation rate in the presence of light. Therefore, we prepared nanoparticles of poly-ε-caprolactone and Pluronic® F-68 as a stabilizer and loaded these with curcumin (Cur–PCL nanoparticles) for antioxidant and cytoprotective applications. The nanoparticles did not induce cell death, but they did reduce cell proliferation without affecting cell migration and cell adhesion. Interestingly, Cur–PCL and poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles reduced the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and presented a cytoprotective effect. Remarkably, poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles showed a decrement of 30% in reactive oxygen species presence compared to the positive control. The decrease of reactive oxygen species derived from the administration of poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles could be attributed to the presence of Pluronic® F-68. Taken together, these data indicated that these nanoparticles might have a clinical application in disorders related to reactive oxygen species formation.
Thermal and morphological analysis of the interaction effect of different assist gases with gas-filled closed-cell aluminium foam during laser cutting process
Authors: Raza Mohammad Shahid , Datta Susmita , Saha Partha
Published: May 2020

Closed-cell aluminium foam, a porous structure, is effectively used for insulation, structural applications, packaging and filtering. Cutting of aluminium foam with the help of fibre laser is an efficient method due to the inherent advantages of fibre laser. Laser cutting of aluminium foam was carried out using a 2-kW fibre laser system for varying process parameters and different assist gas environments. Use of different foaming agents results in the generation of gas-filled pores. During the laser cutting process, the interaction of these gas-filled pores with assist gas results in in-situ reactions, generating different kerf quality. This interaction effect of foam cutting was reported using optical, metallurgical and thermal analysis. Thermal cycles were recorded to understand the occurrence of different in-situ reactions. From the temperature signal for different assist gases, oxygen showed the highest temperature, followed by nitrogen and argon. Argon assist gas gave minimum kerf width, while nitrogen assist gas produced minimum dross. Elemental and phase analysis showed the presence of new compounds and intermetallics in the cut section that stipulated the occurrence of in-situ reactions during the cutting process. The internal pore surface showed the presence of spatter in case of oxygen, while nitrogen and argon gas environment showed relatively less pore-clogging.
COVID-19—A Novel Zoonotic Disease: A Review of the Disease, the Virus, and Public Health Measures
Authors: Mackenzie John S. , Smith David W.
Published: May 2020

A cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019. The cluster was largely associated with a seafood and animal market. A novel Betacoronavirus was quickly identified as the causative agent, and it is shown to be related genetically to SARS-CoV and other bat-borne SARS-related Betacoronaviruses. The number of cases increased rapidly and spread to other provinces in China, as well as to another four countries. To help control the spread of the virus, a “cordon sanitaire ” was instituted for Wuhan on January 23, 2020, and subsequently extended to other cities in Hubei Province, and the outbreak declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the Director General of the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020. The virus was named SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses, and the disease it causes was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. This article described the evolution of the outbreak, and the known properties of the novel virus, SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical disease it causes, and the major public health measures being used to help control it’s spread. These measures include social distancing, intensive surveillance and quarantining of cases, contact tracing and isolation, cancellation of mass gatherings, and community containment. The virus is the third zoonotic coronavirus, after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but appears to be the only one with pandemic potential. However, a number of important properties of the virus are still not well understood, and there is an urgent need to learn more about its transmission dynamics, its spectrum of clinical severity, its wildlife origin, and its genetic stability. In addition, more research is needed on possible interventions, particularly therapeutic and vaccines.
Developing a beam formulation for semi-crystalline two-way shape memory polymers
Authors: Maleki-Bigdeli Mohammad-Ali , Baniassadi Majid , Wang Kui , Baghani Mostafa
Published: May 2020

In this research, the bending of a two-way shape memory polymer beam is examined implementing a one-dimensional phenomenological macroscopic constitutive model into Euler–Bernoulli and von-Karman beam theories. Since bending loading is a fundamental problem in engineering applications, a combination of bending problem and two-way shape memory effect capable of switching between two temporary shapes can be used in different applications, for example, thermally activated sensors and actuators. Shape memory polymers as a branch of soft materials can undergo large deformation. Hence, Euler–Bernoulli beam theory does not apply to the bending of a shape memory polymer beam where moderate rotations may occur. To overcome this limitation, von-Karman beam theory accounting for the mid-plane stretching as well as moderate rotations can be employed. To investigate the difference between the two beam theories, the deflection and rotating angles of a shape memory polymer cantilever beam are analyzed under small and moderate deflections and rotations. A semi-analytical approach is used to inspect Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, while finite-element method is employed to study von-Karman beam theory. In the following, a smart structure is analyzed using a prepared user-defined subroutine, VUMAT, in finite-element package, ABAQUS/EXPLICIT. Utilizing generated user-defined subroutine, smart structures composed of shape memory polymer material can be analyzed under complex loading circumstances through the two-way shape memory effect.
Experimental study of precast beam-to-column joints with steel connectors under cyclic loading
Authors: Rong Xian , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Jianxin
Published: May 2020

This article investigated the seismic performance of a new type of precast concrete beam-to-column joint with a steel connector for easy construction. Five interior beam-to-column joints, four precast concrete specimens, and one monolithic joint were tested under reversed cyclic loading. The main variables were the embedded H-beam length, web plate or stiffening rib usage, and concrete usage in the connection part. The load–displacement hysteresis curves were recorded during the test, and the behavior was investigated based on displacement ductility, deformability, skeleton curves, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation capacity. The results showed that the proposed beam-to-column joint with the web plate in the steel connector exhibited satisfactory behavior in terms of ductility, load capacity, and energy dissipation capacity under reversed cyclic loading, and the performance was ductile because of the yielding of the web plate. Therefore, the proposed joint with the web plate could be used in high seismic regions. The proposed joint without the web plate exhibited similar behavior to the monolithic specimen, indicating that this joint could be used in low or moderate seismic zones. Furthermore, the utilization of the web plate was vital to the performance of this system.
Fuel adhesion and oil splash on oil-wet cylinder walls with post diesel fuel injections
Authors: Shibata Gen , Nishiuchi Shogo , Takai Shuntaro , Kobashi Yoshimitsu , Kanbe Hiroki , Matsumura Eriko
Published: May 2020

Diesel particulate filters are used to capture the particulate matter in engine exhaust, and the post fuel is injected for a regular regeneration of the diesel particulate filter to avoid plugging of the diesel particulate filter with the particulate matter. The concept of the post fuel injection is as follows: the post fuel is injected in the expansion stroke, the vaporized fuel gas is oxidized by the diesel oxidation catalyst, here the high temperature gas oxidizes the particulate matter on the diesel particulate filter, and the diesel particulate filter is regenerated. However, the post fuel impinges and adheres on the cylinder wall due to the low temperature and pressure conditions in the expansion stroke in actual engine operation and this causes diesel engine lubricant oil dilution, the deterioration of fuel consumption characteristics in diesel engines, as well as ash plugging of the diesel particulate filter. In this article, the post fuel spray behavior and adhesion on oil-wet cylinder liners were investigated with a high pressure–temperature optical constant volume chamber instead of engine tests. The in-cylinder temperature and pressure at the 30, 60, and 90 °CA after top dead center, commonly employed in post fuel injection timings, were measured in engine operation. To create the post fuel injection conditions of diesel engines in the constant volume chamber, pre-mixed gas containing ethylene, oxygen, and nitrogen is introduced into the chamber and ignited by the spark plug. Then, fuel masses of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg per injection hole at the after top dead center settings were injected to a wall adhesion plate with a 5-μm thick oil film that simulates the surface of the cylinder liner and the post fuel impinges on and splashes oil away from the oil film on the cylinder wall. The quantities of splashed oil and adhering fuel on the wall adhesion plate were measured by a precision balance and a thermostatic chamber. With the early post injection, most of the injected fuel vaporizes without penetrating to the cylinder liner and gaseous diesel fuel is condensed on the cylinder wall; however, with the late post fuel injections, the strong penetration of liquid fuel reaches the cylinder wall, and much engine oil becomes splashed away. The droplet size of the fuel spray was measured by telescope ultra-high resolution image analysis with a digital single-lens reflex camera, and the fuel impingement phenomena on the cylinder wall are explained by the Weber number, calculated from velocity and diameter values, droplet density, and surface tension.
Optimization study of a catenary mooring system for a spar floating wind turbine based on its hydrodynamic responses
Authors: Tafazzoli Shima , Shafaghat Rouzbeh , Alamian Rezvan
Published: May 2020

In this article, selecting an appropriate mooring system for the spar platform of a wind turbine consisting of chain–cable–chain is investigated based on a meta-heuristic method. A boundary element software is applied to hydrodynamics analysis, and the numerical results are verified by experimental results. According to the characteristics of the experimental mooring system, an appropriate chain is selected for the prototype model, and then a mooring system consisting of chain–cable–chain replaces the chain-based mooring system. Environmental forces have been applied by the conditions of the Caspian Sea. Analysis is done in time domain for irregular wave spectrum of Joint North Sea Wave Project. For the cable in the middle, seven lengths in the range of 30–210 m were considered. The simulations showed that in the cable length of 180 m, the structure exhibits a proper behavior. Also, in order to increase the reliability of the anchor, a portion of the initial chain was reduced and was added to the anchor chain; for this purpose, five different chain lengths from 25 to 65 m have been considered. The results show that for the heave, roll, pitch, and yaw degrees of freedom, the minimum structure oscillation happens in the length of 25 m, finally considering the proper behavior of the structure in the length of 25 m; this length of chain was added to the anchor chain.
Does Ramadan Observance Affect Cardiorespiratory Capacity of Healthy Boys?
Authors: Miladi Amira , Ben Fraj Selma , Latiri Imed , Ben Saad Helmi
Published: May 2020

Studies raising the issue of the effects of Ramadan observance (RO) on boys’ 6-min walk test (6MWT) data are rare. The studies, which did not include control groups of non-fasters, presented contradictory results. This study aimed to compare the 6MWT data (6-min walk distance [6MWD; m, %predicted], heart rate [HR; bpm, % of maximal predicted HR]), oxy-hemoglobin saturation (Oxy-sat; %), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively; mmHg) determined at rest (Rest and at the end End of the test) of a group of 22 healthy fasting boys (age: 12 to 15 years) with an age-matched non-fasting group ( n = 10). The 6MWTs were performed during three experimental conditions (ECs): Pre-Ramadan, Mid-Ramadan, and Post-Ramadan. The two groups’ 6MWT data for each EC were compared, and repeated factorial analysis of variance (2 groups vs. 3 ECs) was performed. Both groups had similar values of 6MWD (m, %predicted), HRRest or HREnd (bpm, % of maximal predicted HR), Oxy-satRest, Oxy-satEnd, SBPRest, and DBPRest during the three ECs. Compared to the non-fasting group, the fasting group had significantly higher SBPEnd (121 ± 10 vs. 130 ± 11) and DBPEnd (72 ± 6 vs. 78 ± 7) determined during the Mid-Ramadan EC. No significant interactive effects of the groups (2) vs. ECs (3) was found for the 6MWD (%predicted; p = .809), HRRest (%, p = .555), HREnd (%, p = .964), Oxy-satRest ( p = .336), Oxy-satEnd ( p = .389), SBPRest ( p = .708), SBPEnd ( p = .548), DBPRest ( p = .277), and DBPEnd ( p = .096). To conclude, in boys, RO does not impact the 6MWD, HR, or Oxy-sat, but it has minimal impact on the SBPEnd and DBPEnd.
Computational fluid dynamics trimming of helicopter rotor in forward flight
Authors: Zhou Chenglong , Chen Ming
Published: May 2020

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) trimming method based on wind tunnel and flight test data is proposed. Aerodynamic coefficients obtained for a helicopter rotor using this method were compared with both experimental data from a test report and CFD results based on the control parameters that were reported in the same document. The method applies small disturbances to the collective pitch angle, the lateral cyclic pitch angle and the longitudinal cyclic pitch angle of the helicopter’s main rotor during forward flight to analyze the effects of each disturbance on the thrust coefficient, the pitching moment coefficient and the rolling moment coefficient of the rotor. Then, by solving a system of linear equations, the collective pitch angle, the lateral cyclic pitch angle and the longitudinal cyclic pitch angle of the main rotor in the CFD trim state are obtained. The AH-1G rotor is used in this paper. NASA has conducted a comprehensive flight test program on this model and has published detailed test reports. Using this method, the pitch moment and the roll moment can be corrected to almost zero and the calculated thrust coefficient is more consistent with the test data when compared with results from direct CFD simulations.
An integrated model for maintenance policies and production scheduling based on immune–culture algorithm
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Zhang Lin , Zhang Ze
Published: May 2020

The development of integrated modelling for maintenance policies of multi-component repairable system and production scheduling is challenging for two reasons. First, capturing dependency of this multi-component repairable system is difficult because different failure types associated with different components are under competing risks and their complicated relationships may lead to overall system dependency. Second, the integrated model is difficult to optimize because it is an NP-hard problem that exact optimization methods are intractable. For coping with these two difficulties, we propose a parametric statistical model using copula function to capture the overall system dependency. Under partially perfect maintenance policy at component-level, the likelihood functions for observed failures are derived and maximum likelihood method is used to estimate unknown parameters. Then relying on this parametric statistical model, the system hazard function is derived to depict the reliability-based imperfect preventive maintenance policy at system-level. Finally, to obtain the optimal solution(s) of the integrated model, we design an adaptive immune clone selection–culture algorithm, which is inspired from immune clone selection algorithm and culture algorithm. Results of the case study validate that our proposed maintenance policies and methodology have great advantages over the component-level or system-level maintenance policy and immune clone selection algorithm.
Safe Operative Planning For Extensive Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification (NHO) at the Hip
Authors: Yi Liew Mei , Rampal Rajesh , Solayar Gandhi Nathan , Ahmad Abdul Rauf
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

Patients_with_traumatic_brain_or_spinal_cord injury are at risk of developing peri-articular NHO most frequently affecting the hip; with resulting ankyloses and functional limitations1. Surgical excision aims to improve functional ability and facilitate nursing care2. It is technically challenging as NHO development maybe multi-focal and multi-directional around the joint involving important neuro-vascular structures2. Plain_radiographs often provide sub-optimal_information_required_for_surgical planning

Methods:

An_18-year-old_male_presented to us with pain and immobility of his right hip 18-months following a traumatic brain injury. The joint was completely ankylosed and he was unable to walk. Plain radiograph showed extensive NHO from medial aspect of right proximal femur to ischial tuberosity (Figure_1). A CT scan with 3D reconstruction more clearly defined the NHO as extending posteriorly from the greater trochanter to ipsilateral pubic ramus and ischial tuberosity (Figures 2a & 2b). We therefore opted_for_a_Kocher-Langenback approach and performed selective excision to achieve satisfactory_range of motion.

RESULTS:

The_Kocher-Langenbeck_approach_enabled_us to visualise and access a major segment of the bone bridge. Excision of NHO began at the proximal end of the femur with aim to break the bone bridge between the femur and pelvis to enable hip movement (Figure 3). Limited excision was performed until satisfactory range of motion of hip is achieved as assessed intraoperatively. This is to reduce risk of iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury. 3 months following_surgery, the_patient is now weight bearing_with_80_degrees_of_hip_flexion_with good_internal_and_external_rotation.

Conclusion:

CT_scanning_with_3D reconstruction should be performed prior to excision of hip NHO as it aids the surgeon in planning the appropriate approach and avoid iatrogenic injury to_adjacent_structures.
Risk factors of blood transfusion in knee arthroplasty
Authors: Chaiyakit Pruk , Umpanpong Weeranate , Watcharotayangkoon Tawipat
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

The amount of blood transfusion after knee arthroplasty seem to vary in different reported study. We carried out a retrospective study to analysis pre-operative risk factors for blood transfusion in patient whom underwent knee arthroplasty in our institution.

Methods:

A retrospective study of 190 patients treated with 194 procedure (186 unilateral knee arthroplasty, 4 bilateral knee arthroplasty) from November 2014 to October 2015 was analyzed. A univariate analysis was performed to establish the relationship between all variables and the need for postoperative transfusion. Variables that were determined to have significant relationship were include in a multivariable analysis..

Results:

The univariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between need for postoperative blood transfusion and preoperative hemoglobin levels, surgical technique, arthrotomy approach, DVT prophylaxis, operative blood loss, surgical technique and surgeon experience. The multivariate analysis identified a significant relationship between need for transfusion and preoperative hemoglobin level, surgical technique and operative blood loss. Patients with a preoperative hemoglobin less than 12 g/dL had a 5.1 times greater risk of having a transfusion than those with a hemoglobin level ≥ 12 g/dL. The surgical technique with computer assisted surgery had a 0.15 times lesser risk of having a transfusion than those with the conventional technique.

Conclusion:

The preoperative hemoglobin level < 12 g/dL was shown to increase risk of the need for blood transfusion after knee arthroplasty, while computer assist surgery total knee arthroplasty was shown to decrease risk of blood transfusion. We suggest that patients with preoperative hemoglobin < 12 g/dL need to be crossmatching PRC in pre-operative steps.
Functional Outcome & Revision Rate Of Pfna Vs Dhs For Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture: A Meta Analysis
Authors: Savio Sherly Desnita , Susila I Made Arya , Dharmayuda Cokorda Gde Oka
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

Intertrochanteric femur fracture in elderly presents a challenge as the source of morbidity and mortality if not well-treated. This study investigates the functional outcome and revision rate of two of the most common treatments of choice for this condition, Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) and Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS), while furthermore investigate the secondary functional outcome of the two procedures if proceeded to Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty (CTHA).

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted to identify relevant studies through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane database. A total of 9 studies (2.251 patients) were included, divided into 3 meta-analysis. Random effect model was used for continuous outcomes using Review Manager.

Results:

For primary Harris Hip Score (HHS), the mean HHS at 12-months follow-up for PFNA (n = 184) was 77.77, as for DHS (n = 187) was 78.33, indicating no significant difference (P = 0.73). The mean revision rates for PFNA (n=784) was 2.68%, as for DHS (n=766) was 2.48%, indicating no significant difference (P = 0.61). For secondary HHS after CTHA, the mean HHS 12-months postoperatively for PFNA (n =142) was 83.97, as for DHS (n = 190) was 83.65, indicating no significant difference (P = 0.59).

Discussion:

PFNA and DHS can both be considered in osteoporotic intertrochanter femur fracture, as the two procedures offer similar 1-year functional outcome and revision rate. However, PFNA may benefit with less blood loss and operation time. Some potential revision causes, such as peri-implant femoral fracture, infection, and implant failure should always be monitored perioperatively. Furthermore, when CTHA is indicated for revision, the two procedures offer comparable secondary functional outcome.

Conclusion:

Current meta-analysis suggests that PFNA and DHS both have comparable primary functional outcome, revision rate, and post-CTHA secondary functional outcome.
Functional Outcome of Traumatic Acetabulum Fractures : A 6 Months Comprehensive Follow Up Following Open Reduction Internal Fixation Surgery at Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang
Authors: Putra DP , Pradana AS , Phatama KY , Mustamsir E , Hidayat M
Published: May 2020

Acetabular fractures commonly occurred in young adult patient who suffered from high impact trauma which often associated with life threatening injuries. Displaced acetabular fractures lead to abnormal distribution on joint cartilage pressures. It produces early cartilage disruption and development of premature osteoarthritis at the hip. Anatomical reduction and fixation operation in acetabulum fractures still a major challenges due to its complications such as poor functional outcome after surgery. Despite its difficulty to predict the outcomes of acetabular fractures surgeries, functional outcomes scoring such as Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and Harris score may help surgeon to measure long term outcome following acetabular fractures.

A total of 13 patients were treated over period of January 2018 until March 2019 in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang. The mean age of patients in this serial case is 37 years old and were operated within 2 weeks of injury. All the patients undergone an ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation) operation and observed for the OHS and also Harris score 6 months following surgeries to measure functional outcome of the patients.

The mean score of OHS in this serial case is 41 (satisfactory joint function) and the mean score of harris hip score is 91 (excellent). Some patients experience pain during activities, tingling sensation after standing in some periods of time, and heaviness when taking stairs 6 months after operation. This results conclude that the preoperative, operative and post operative management of patient with acetabular fracture in Saiful Anwar Hospital has satisfactory results.
ASYMMETRICAL DISLOCATION OF BILATERAL HIP IN AN ADOLESCENT
Authors: Terence  , Tan TS , Jagjoth S , Yogeshwaran N.
Published: May 2020

Hip joint being an inherently stable joint requires a significant amount of force to dislocate. Different mechanism of injury causing different pattern of dislocation. We presented a rare injury of simultaneous asymmetrical dislocation of bilateral hip in an adolescent patient following motor vehicle injury.

Presentation:

15 years old girl, pillion rider sustained a motor vehicle accident whereby she was thrown forward with her right hip adducted and flexed, the knee hit on the motorcycle bumper and her left hip in abduction and knee in flexion hit on the road divider. On admission her left lower limb was flexed, abducted, and externally rotated; in contrast, the right lower limb was flexed, adducted, and internally rotated. A pelvic radiograph (figure1) revealed bilateral hip dislocation with the femoral head displaced antero-inferiorly on the left side and posteriorly on the right side. Closed reduction of the joints was done under sedation and subsequently put on traction. Repeated radiograph showed both hip joints well reduced (Figure 2), skin traction was applied for 5 days and subsequently she was allowed for wheelchair ambulation. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

Discussion:

Bilateral simultaneous hip dislocations are an extremely rare injury (1.25%)1, however bilateral asymmetric dislocations of hip are even rarer. Based on described mechanisms, they ranged from pedestrian being hit by a car to head on collision of vehicles and motorcycle crash. The single common mechanism involved in most of these cases was a sudden deceleration injury which occurred in motor vehicle accidents. Treatment for asymmetrical dislocations are still similar, with concentric reduction still the main goal either closed or open reduction.

Conclusion:

Asymmetric bilateral hip dislocation is a rare entity especially in adolescents and requires high velocity collision with sudden deceleration injury.

Reference:

Management of shotgun induced open fractures of the humerus with Ilizarov fixator;2015 The Masquelet Technique for Thumb Metacarpal Reconstruction Following Trauma ; JBJS; 2018 Muscle reconstruction in reconstructive surgery: soft tissue repair and long bone reconstruction; 2003