bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Estimation of Tobacco Copper Ion Content from Hyperspectral Data by Inverting a Modified Radiative Transfer Model: Algorithm and Preliminary Validation
Authors: Qu Yonghua , Jiao Sihong
Published: March 2018

Excess heavy metal, for example, copper, in vegetation will depress the normal plant growth, and the yield of such plant will be harmful if they are loaded into the food chain. Spectroscopy is thought as an efficient noncontact method on detecting the heavy metal in vegetation. This paper is aimed at retrieving the copper ion content in copper-stressed tobacco leaves from hyperspectral data by inverting a modified radiative transfer (RT) model. The dataset regarding the reflectance spectra, biochemical components, and copper ion contamination of copper-treated leaves was obtained from a laboratory experiment on spectral data from copper-treated tobacco. A simultaneous inversion on multiple parameters was conducted to explore the difficulties in estimating copper ion concentrations without considering the correlation between input parameters. This simultaneous inversion produced an unsatisfactory result, with the correlation coefficient (R) and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) being 0.12 and 0.021, respectively. Then, the sensitivity of the input parameters of the RT model was analyzed. Based on the sensitivity bands and the RT model, a concrete procedure for a multiobjective and multistage decision-making method was defined to perform the inversion of the copper ion content. The accuracy of the inversion results was improved significantly, and the values of the R and RMSE were 0.60 and 0.015, respectively. The proposed method fully considers the correlativity among the model parameters. Additionally, the method promises to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for heavy metal monitoring using the spectroscopy method.
Ex Vivo Cardiotoxicity of Antineoplastic Casiopeinas Is Mediated through Energetic Dysfunction and Triggered Mitochondrial‐Dependent Apoptosis
Authors: Silva-Platas Christian , Villegas César A. , Oropeza-Almazán Yuriana , Carrancá Mariana , Torres-Quintanilla Alejandro , Lozano Omar , Valero-Elizondo Javier , Castillo Elena C. , Bernal-Ramírez Judith , Fernández-Sada Evaristo , Vega Luis F. , Treviño-Saldaña Niria , Chapoy-Villanueva Héctor , Ruiz-Azuara Lena , Hernández-Brenes Carmen , Elizondo-Montemayor Leticia , Guerrero-Beltrán Carlos E. , Carvajal Karla , Bravo-Gómez María E. , García-Rivas Gerardo
Published: March 2018

Casiopeinas are a group of copper‐based antineoplastic molecules designed as a less toxic and more therapeutic alternative to cisplatin or Doxorubicin; however, there is scarce evidence about their toxic effects on the whole heart and cardiomyocytes. Given this, rat hearts were perfused with Casiopeinas or Doxorubicin and the effects on mechanical performance, energetics, and mitochondrial function were measured. As well, the effects of Casiopeinas‐triggered cell death were explored in isolated cardiomyocytes. Casiopeinas III‐Ea, II‐gly, and III‐ia induced a progressive and sustained inhibition of heart contractile function that was dose‐ and time‐dependent with an IC50 of 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.5, and 10 ± 0.7 μM, correspondingly. Myocardial oxygen consumption was not modified at their respective IC50, although ATP levels were significantly reduced, indicating energy impairment. Isolated mitochondria from Casiopeinas‐treated hearts showed a significant loss of membrane potential and reduction of mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity. Interestingly, Cyclosporine A inhibited Casiopeinas‐induced mitochondrial Ca2+ release, which suggests the involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In addition, Casiopeinas reduced the viability of cardiomyocytes and stimulated the activation of caspases 3, 7, and 9, demonstrating a cell death mitochondrial‐dependent mechanism. Finally, the early perfusion of Cyclosporine A in isolated hearts decreased Casiopeinas‐induced dysfunction with reduction of their toxic effect. Our results suggest that heart cardiotoxicity of Casiopeinas is similar to that of Doxorubicin, involving heart mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of membrane potential, changes in energetic metabolites, and apoptosis triggered by mitochondrial permeability.
Dynamic Response of Steel Box Girder under Internal Blast Loading
Authors: Yao Shujian , Zhao Nan , Jiang Zhigang , Zhang Duo , Lu Fangyun
Published: March 2018

This paper aims at investigating the dynamic response of the steel box girder under internal blast loads through experiments and numerical study. Two blast experiments of steel box models under internal explosion were conducted, and then, the numerical methods are introduced and validated. The dynamic response process and propagation of the internal shock wave of a steel box girder under internal blast loading were investigated. The results show that the propagation of the internal shock wave is very complicated. A multi‐impact effect is observed since the shock waves are restricted by the box. In addition, the failure modes and the influence of blast position as well as explosive mass were discussed. The holistic failure mode is observed as local failure, and there are two failure modes for the steel box girder′s components, large plastic deformation and rupture. The damage features are closely related to the explosive position, and the enhanced shock wave in the corner of the girder will cause severe damage. With the increasing TNT mass, the crack diameter and the deformation degree are all increased. The longitudinal stiffeners restrict the damage to develop in the transverse direction while increase the crack diameter along the stiffener direction.
Asymptotic Structure of the Seismic Radiation from an Explosive Column
Authors: Rosales-Vera Marco , Piñeyro Iván , Pinilla Gastón
Published: March 2018

We study the structure of the seismic radiation in the far field produced by an explosive column. Using an asymptotic solution for the far field of vibration (Heelan’s solution), we find analytical expressions to the peak particle velocity (PPV) diagrams. These results are extended to the case of a charge with finite velocity of detonation.
β-Carboline Silver Compound Binding Studies with Human Serum Albumin: A Comprehensive Multispectroscopic Analysis and Molecular Modeling Study
Authors: Alsalme Ali , Khan Rais Ahmad , Alkathiri Arwa M. , Ali Mohd. Sajid , Tabassum Sartaj , Jaafar Mohammed , Al-Lohedan Hamad A.
Published: March 2018

β-Carbolines (βCs) belong to the naturally occurring alkaloid family, derived from 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole, also known as norharmane (Hnor). Knowing the importance of the βCs alkaloid family in biological processes, a comprehensive binding study is reported of four Ag(I) compounds containing the ligand Hnor and having different counteranions, namely, NO3−, ClO4−, BF4−, and PF6−, with human serum albumin (HSA) as a model protein. Different approaches like UV-visible, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and molecular docking studies have been used for this purpose. The fluorescence results establish that the phenomenon of binding of Ag(Hnor) complexes to HSA can be deduced from the static quenching mechanism. The results showed a significant binding propensity of the used Ag(I) compounds towards HSA. The role of the counteranion on the binding of Ag(I) compounds to HSA appeared to be remarkable. Compounds with (ClO4−) and (NO3−) were found to have the most efficient binding towards HSA as compared to BF4−and PF6−. Circular dichroism (CD) studies made clear that conformational changes in the secondary structure of HSA were induced by the presence of Ag(I) compounds. Also, the α-helical structure of HSA was found to get transformed into a β-sheeted structure. Interestingly, (ClO4−) and (NO3−) compounds were found to induce most substantial changes in the secondary structure of HSA. The outcome of this study may contribute to understanding the propensity of proteins involved in neurological diseases (such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases) to undergo a similar transition in the presence of Ag-β-carboline compounds.
Sexual Behaviour of the Spectral Tarsier (Tarsius spectrum) in Captivity
Authors: Hidayatik Nanik , Yusuf Tuty Laswardi , Agil Muhammad , Iskandar Entang , Sajuthi Dondin
Published: March 2018

Tarsius spectrum is a primate species endemic to Sulawesi. Populations of the species have decreased due to habitat destruction and hunting. The sexual behaviour of T. bancanus and T. syrichta are known, but that of T. spectrum has not been reported until recently. The aim of this research was to study the sexual behaviour of T. spectrum in captivity. We observed 3 pairs of T. spectrum at the captive breeding facility of the IPB Primate Research Centre for 9 months using focal animal sampling. We showed that principal courtship behaviours were scent marking (36.7%) and genital marking for females (16.2%) and genital inspection for males (16.0%). Copulations lasted between 3 and 4 min, starting with the male mounting the female and thrusting quickly as many as 168–236 times followed by slow thrusting 9–20 times. When slow thrusting occurred, females vocalized up to 6 times. At the end of the copulation sequence, males remained motionless with their penis inserted within the female’s genitalia for about 31 s. Copulation occurred only once for each pair during the observation period. Our results should be useful to support breeding programmes and conservation actions for tarsiers.
Application of the DSM-5 Criteria for Major Neurocognitive Disorder to Vascular MCI Patients
Authors: Salvadori Emilia , Poggesi Anna , Pracucci Giovanni , Chiti Alberto , Ciolli Laura , Cosottini Mirco , Del Bene Alessandra , De Stefano Nicola , Diciotti Stefano , Di Donato Ilaria , Ginestroni Andrea , Marini Sandro , Mascalchi Mario , Nannucci Serena , Orlandi Giovanni , Pasi Marco , Pescini Francesca , Valenti Raffaella , Federico Antonio , Dotti Maria Teresa , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Inzitari Domenico , Pantoni Leonardo ,   on behalf of the VMCI-Tuscany Study Group
Published: March 2018

Aims: The DSM-5 introduced the term “major neurocognitive disorders” (NCDs) to replace the previous term “dementia.” However, psychometric and functional definitions of NCDs are missing. We aimed to apply the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing the transition to NCD to patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and small vessel disease (SVD), and to define clinically significant thresholds for this transition. Methods: The functional and cognitive features of the NCD criteria were evaluated as change from baseline and operationalized according to hierarchically ordered psychometric rules. Results: According to the applied criteria, out of 138 patients, 44 were diagnosed with major NCD (21 with significant cognitive worsening in ≥1 additional cognitive domain), 84 remained stable, and 10 reverted to normal. Single-domain MCI patients were the most likely to revert to normal, and none progressed to major NCD. The amnestic multiple-domain MCI patients had the highest rate of progression to NCD. Conclusion: We provide rules for the DSM-5 criteria for major NCD based on cognitive and functional changes over time, and define psychometric thresholds for clinically significant worsening to be used in longitudinal studies. According to these operationalized criteria, one-third of the MCI patients with SVD progressed to major NCD after 2 years, but only within the multiple-domain subtypes.
Subjective Social Status Predicts Late-Life Memory Trajectories through Both Mental and Physical Health Pathways
Authors: Zahodne Laura B. , Kraal A. Zarina , Zaheed Afsara , Sol Ketlyne
Published: March 2018

Background: Subjective social status (SSS) is associated with mental and physical health, independent of objective socioeconomic status (SES), but its association with late-life cognitive decline is unknown. Objective: This study characterizes the association between SSS and late-life memory trajectories in a large, nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States. Methods: Using data from 8,530 participants aged 65 years and older in the Health and Retirement Study, structural equation models tested associations between SSS, objective SES (i.e., educational attainment, occupation, income, and wealth), physical and mental health, and 6-year memory trajectories, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Independent of objective SES, lower SSS was associated with worse initial memory but not subsequent memory decline. The association between SSS and initial memory was separately mediated by chronic diseases, stroke, and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Results provide preliminary behavioral evidence for the deleterious effects of social stress on cognitive aging. These results may help inform the development of policies and interventions to reduce cognitive morbidity among older adults who perceive a low position on the social hierarchy.
Euodia daniellii Hemsl. (Bee-Bee Tree) Oil Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Apoptosis in Hepatocytes
Authors: Jung Tae Woo , Kim Sun-Young , Kim Da-Som , Shin Eui-Cheol , Park Yong Bae , Lee Kyoung-Tae
Published: March 2018

Hepatic lipid accumulation and apoptosis is elevated in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and is closely associated with severity. Saturated fatty acid palmitate stimulates lipid accumulation and apoptosis in hepatocytes. In the present study, we examined bee-bee tree oil (BO)-mediated protective effects on palmitate-induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis in mouse primary hepatocytes. Cells were cultured in a control media or the same media containing 150 or 300 µmol/L of albumin-bound palmitate for 24 h. BO concentrations used were 0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5%. Palmitate induced lipid accumulation and mRNA expression of lipogenic genes such as SREBP1c and SCD1. However, BO prevented these changes. Furthermore, palmitate stimulated caspase-3 activity and decreased cell viability in the absence of BO. BO reduced palmitate-induced activation of caspase-3 and cell death in a dose-dependent manner. AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitors abolished the effects of BO. Furthermore, BO suppressed palmitate-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation through the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway. In conclusion, BO attenuated palmitate-induced hepatic steatosis and apoptosis through AMPK-mediated suppression of JNK signaling. These data suggest that BO is an important determinant of saturated fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis, and may be an effective therapeutic strategy for treatment of obesity-mediated liver diseases.
Afadin Facilitates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Network Formation and Migration of Vascular Endothelial Cells by Inactivating Rho-Associated Kinase Through ArhGAP29
Authors: Tagashira Toru , Fukuda Terunobu , Miyata Muneaki , Nakamura Kazuha , Fujita Hidenobu , Takai Yoshimi , Hirata Ken-ichi , Rikitake Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2018

Objective—

We previously reported that afadin, an actin filament-binding protein, regulated vascular endothelial growth factor–induced angiogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of how Rho-associated kinase is activated in afadin-knockdown human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and how its activation is involved in defects of vascular endothelial growth factor–induced network formation and migration of the cells.

Approach and Results—

Knockdown of afadin or ArhGAP29, a GTPase-activating protein for RhoA, increased Rho-associated kinase activity and reduced the vascular endothelial growth factor–induced network formation and migration of cultured HUVECs, accompanied by the defective formation of membrane protrusions, such as lamellipodia and peripheral ruffles. Treatment of the afadin- or ArhGAP29-knockdown HUVECs with Rho-associated kinase inhibitors, Y-27632 or fasudil, partially restored the reduced network formation and migration as well as the defective formation of membrane protrusions. ArhGAP29 bound to afadin and was colocalized with afadin at the leading edge of migrating HUVECs. The defective formation of membrane protrusions in ArhGAP29-knockdown HUVECs was restored by expression of mutant ArhGAP29 that bound to afadin and contained a RhoGAP domain but not mutant ArhGAP29 that could bind to afadin and lacked the RhoGAP domain or mutant ArhGAP29 that could not bind to afadin and contained the RhoGAP domain. This suggested the requirement of both the interaction of afadin with ArhGAP29 and RhoGAP activity of ArhGAP29 for migration of HUVECs.

Conclusions—

Our results highlight a critical role of the afadin–ArhGAP29 axis for the regulation of Rho-associated kinase activity during vascular endothelial growth factor–induced network formation and migration of HUVECs.
Revision of the camel spider genus Eremocosta Roewer and a description of the female Eremocosta gigas Roewer (Arachnida, Solifugae)
Authors: CUSHING PAULA E. , CHANNIAGO FELIX , BROOKHART JACK O.
Published: March 2018

A recent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the solifuge genus Eremocosta (Eremobatidae), although not monophyletic, formed a strongly supported group, rendered paraphyletic by the exclusion of E. acuitlapanensis, which we herein determine is misplaced in this genus. We revise the taxonomy of the genus Eremocosta. Nine species of the 13 currently placed in the genus are retained, E. bajaensis (Muma 1986), E. calexicensis (Muma 1951), E. formidabilus (Simon 1879), E. gigas Roewer 1934, E. gigasella (Muma 1970), E. spinipalpis (Kraepelin 1899), E. striata (Putnam 1883), and E. titania (Muma 1951). Eremocosta fusca (Muma 1986) and E. montezuma (Roewer 1934) are returned to the genus Eremorhax along with E. arenarum. Eremocosta hystrix and Eremocosta acuitlapanensis (Vázquez & Gaviño-Rojas 2000) are transferred to Eremobates. We re-evaluated E. nigrimana (Pocock 1895) and determined that, since the type shows the ventrodistal concavity (VDC) diagnostic for the genus Eremocosta, it should be retained in that genus; however, because the type locality is identified as Afghanistan, far outside the range of any Eremobatidae, its status and placement remain uncertain. Eremocosta robusta (Roewer 1934) was designated nomen dubium by Muma and we maintain this designation. We provide a key to the species of Eremocosta and provide a description of the female of E. gigas.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Abyssal Upwelling and Downwelling Driven by Near-Boundary Mixing’”
Authors: McDougall Trevor J. , Ferrari Raffaele
Published: March 2018

Ledwell, in a comment on McDougall and Ferrari, discusses the dianeutral upwelling and downwelling that occurs near isolated topographic features, by performing a buoyancy budget analysis that integrates the diffusive buoyancy fluxes only out to a set horizontal distance from the topography. The consequence of this choice of control volume is that the magnitude of the area-integrated diffusive buoyancy flux decreases to zero at the base of a topographic feature resulting in a net dianeutral upwelling of water. Based on this result, Ledwell argues that isolated topographic features are preferential locations for the upwelling of waters from the abyss. However the assumptions behind Ledwell’s analysis may or may not be typical of abyssal mixing in the ocean. McDougall and Ferrari developed general expressions for the balance between area-integrated dianeutral advection and diffusion, and then illustrated these general expressions using the very simple assumption that the magnitude of the buoyancy flux per unit area at the top of the turbulent boundary layer was constant. In these pedagogical illustrations, McDougall and Ferrari concentrated on the region near the top (rather than near the base) of isolated topographic features, and they found net sinking of abyssal waters. Here we show that McDougall and Ferrari’s conclusion that isolated topographic features cause dianeutral downwelling is in fact a result that applies for general geometries and for all forms of bottom-intensified mixing profiles at heights above the base of such topographic features.
Surveillance evaluation of the standardization of assay values for serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in Japan
Authors: Ihara Hiroshi , Kiuchi Sachiko , Ishige Takayuki , Nishimura Motoi , Matsushita Kazuyuki , Satoh Mamoru , Nomura Fumio , Yamashita Mine , Kitajima Isao , Tsugawa Naoko , Okano Toshio , Hirota Kouichi , Miura Masakazu , Totani Masayuki , Hashizume Naotaka
Published: March 2018

Background

To assess the vitamin D nutritional status, serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is measured. We used six automated 25(OH)D immunoassays (AIAs) available in Japan and certified by the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) at the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention to assess the concordance of the assay results.

Methods

Serum total 25(OH)D concentrations in SRM 972a and 20 serum samples from patients were determined using three liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and six AIAs (pilot study), and an additional 110 serum samples were assessed by the six AIAs (surveillance study). The assay bias from the results of LC-MS/MS by Chiba University or consensus values (i.e. average of six AIAs) was estimated using the procedure described in CLSI document EP09-A3.

Results

LC-MS/MS at Chiba University could completely separate 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3, and the observed values including total 25(OH)D in SRM 972a were all within ±1·SD of the assigned values. All AIAs produced results greater than ±3·SD. In the pilot study, four of the six AIAs had an average percentage bias, as estimated by confidence interval (CI), larger than ±5% (acceptance criterion in CLSI); the bias converged from −6.5% to 3.2% after adjustment by LC-MS/MS. In the surveillance study, 25(OH)D concentrations in AIAs all adjusted to LC-MS/MS converged within ±5% from consensus values. However, some AIAs showed negative or positive bias from the consensus values.

Conclusions

Current AIAs in Japan continue to lack standardization. Manufacturers should implement quality assurance strategies so that their values more closely align to those of standard reference material 972a.
Effect of silicon carbide particles on the mechanical and plastic properties of the AlMg6/10% SiC metal matrix composite
Authors: Smirnov Alexander S , Shveikin Vladimir P , Smirnova Evgeniya O , Belozerov George A , Konovalov Anatoly V , Vichuzhanin Dmitry I , Yu Muizemnek Olga
Published: March 2018

This work deals with studying the effect of reinforcing SiC particles on the mechanical and plastic properties of a metal matrix composite with a matrix of aluminum alloy AlMg6 (the 1560 aluminum alloy according to the Russian State Standard GOST 4784−97). We assess this effect using the results of mechanical tests at the microscale and macroscale levels. The paper analyzes the fracture mechanism at the microlevel under tensile and compressive stress conditions, as well as the type of contact between the composite constituents. The experimental results obtained for the metal matrix composite are compared with analogous experimental data for the AlMg6 alloy and a compacted material made from the AlMg6 alloy (a compacted powder without addition of SiC reinforcing particles). The studied compacted materials were not previously subjected to extrusion. The tests show a decisive influence of the reinforcing particles on the plastic and mechanical properties of the AlMg6/10% SiC metal matrix composite under compression and tension. For example, the addition of silicon carbide increased the initial yield stress of the compacted material by 26% under tensile tests, and the percentage elongation after fracture was increased up to 1.1%, while it amounted to 0.02% for the compacted material without addition of silicon carbide. Under compression, on the contrary, the addition of silicon carbide degraded plastic properties. As a result, the percentage compression before cracking was 28.4% and 57.9% for the compacted materials with and without addition of silicon carbide, respectively.
Reducing High-Users’ Visits to the Emergency Department by a Primary Care Intervention for the Uninsured: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tsai Meng-Han , Xirasagar Sudha , Carroll Scott , Bryan Charles S. , Gallagher Pamela J. , Davis Kim , Jauch Edward C.
Published: March 2018

Reducing avoidable emergency department (ED) visits is an important health system goal. This is a retrospective cohort study of the impact of a primary care intervention including an in-hospital, free, adult clinic for poor uninsured patients on ED visit rates and emergency severity at a nonprofit hospital. We studied adult ED visits during August 16, 2009-August 15, 2011 (preintervention) and August 16, 2011-August 15, 2014 (postintervention). We compared pre- versus post-mean annual visit rates and discharge emergency severity index (ESI; triage and resource use–based, calculated Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality categories) among high-users (≥3 ED visits in 12 months) and occasional users. Annual adult ED visit volumes were 16 372 preintervention (47.5% by high-users), versus 18 496 postintervention. High-users’ mean annual visit rates were 5.43 (top quartile) and 0.94 (bottom quartile) preintervention, versus 3.21 and 1.11, respectively, for returning high-users, postintervention (all P < .001). Postintervention, the visit rates of new high-users were lower (lowest and top quartile rates, 0.6 and 3.23) than preintervention high-users’ rates in the preintervention period. Visit rates of the top quartile of occasional users also declined. Subgroup analysis of medically uninsured high-users showed similar results. Upon classifying preintervention high-users by emergency severity, postintervention mean ESI increased 24.5% among the lowest ESI quartile, and decreased 12.2% among the top quartile. Pre- and post-intervention sample demographics and comorbidities were similar. The observed reductions in overall ED visit rates, particularly low-severity visits; highest reductions observed among high-users and the top quartile of occasional users; and the pattern of changes in emergency severity support a positive impact of the primary care intervention.
Innovation in the Periphery: A Critical Survey and Research Agenda
Authors: Eder Jakob
Published: March 2018

Scholars of the geography of innovation have produced an impressive body of literature over the last decades. However, until recently this research focused on successful core regions, implicitly assuming that there is no innovation in peripheral areas. This view is being increasingly questioned, which is reflected by a rising number of papers, special issues, and edited volumes on innovation outside of agglomerations. Hence, this rapidly emerging field calls for a critical survey. In order to identify a future research agenda, this article conducts a systematic literature review of the work on innovation in the periphery (1960–2016). As such, it explores the recurring themes and key issues of the field and discusses the various periphery concepts applied, ranging from a geographic to a functional perspective on various scales. In doing so, it outlines options for policy makers and suggests avenues for future research: first, the periphery concept needs more refinement. Second, future studies should include systematic comparisons of regions. Third, an evolutionary perspective might provide new insights. Fourth, future work could explore the benefits peripheries offer for certain kinds of innovation. Fifth, urban–rural linkages might be of higher relevance than assumed. Sixth, research should go beyond the well-known examples. Finally, the analysis could be extended by applying a broader understanding of innovation.
Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C are diagnostic markers of renal dysfunction in older patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Zhu Hong , Qian Yuying
Published: March 2018

Objective

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C for renal dysfunction in older patients with coronary disease.

Methods

A total of 84 older patients with coronary artery disease were included in this study. Serum NGAL and cystatin C levels were analysed using commercially available kits. Medical data of all patients were recorded and analysed.

Results

NGAL and cystatin C levels were significantly positively correlated with N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide levels and negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of serum NGAL and cystatin C levels for diagnosing early renal dysfunction were 0.884 and 0.744, respectively.

Conclusion

Serum NGAL and cystatin C are potential early and sensitive markers of renal dysfunction in older patients with coronary artery disease.
Cadmium telluride quantum dots induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Naderi Saeed , Zare Hakimeh , Taghavinia Nima , Irajizad Azam , Aghaei Mahmoud , Panjehpour Mojtaba
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), especially those containing cadmium, have undergone marked improvements and are now widely used nanomaterials in applicable biological fields. However, great concerns exist regarding their toxicity in biomedical applications. Because of the lack of sufficient data regarding the toxicity mechanism of QDs, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three types of QDs: CdTe QDs, high yield CdTe QDs, and CdTe/CdS core/shell QDs on two human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB468 and MCF-7.

Methods:

The breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of QDs, and cell viability was evaluated via MTT assay. Hoechst staining was applied for observation of morphological changes due to apoptosis. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation was visualized by the agarose gel electrophoresis assay. Flow cytometric annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) measurement was used for apoptosis detection.

Results:

A significant decrease in cell viability was observed after QDs treatment ( p < 0.05). Apoptotic bodies and chromatin condensation was observed by Hoechst staining. DNA fragmentation assay demonstrated a DNA ladder profile in the exposed cells and also annexin V/PI flow cytometry confirmed apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion:

Our results revealed that CdTe, high yield CdTe, and CdTe/CdS core/shell QDs induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. This study would help realizing the underlying cytotoxicity mechanism, at least partly, of CdTe QDs and may provide information for the development of nanotoxicology and safe use of biological applications of QDs.
Breastfeeding, Antidepressants, and Depression in the Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Well-Being Study
Authors: Galbally Megan , Watson Stuart J. , Ball Helen , Lewis Andrew James
Published: March 2018

Background:

Depression is consistently shown to predict lower rates of breastfeeding. In a handful of studies, breastfeeding has predicted lower depression symptoms. However, studies demonstrating the latter are limited in their measurement of both depression and breastfeeding and have not followed participants from pregnancy across the postpartum period.

Research Aim:

The primary aim of this study was to describe breastfeeding intentions and behaviors for the first 12 months postpartum among nonmedicated depressed, antidepressant-exposed, and control participants. The secondary aim was to examine group differences in the association between depressive symptoms and breastfeeding duration up to 12 months postpartum.

Methods:

First-trimester women ( N = 212) were recruited into a prospective longitudinal study. Depressive disorders at baseline were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, and depressive symptoms were measured at the first and second trimesters and 6 and 12 months postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Breastfeeding duration, support from family and employers, and perceptions of participants’ experience were measured.

Results:

Depressed women and antidepressant-exposed women reported a trend toward lower rates of intention, initiation, and duration, but this did not reach statistical significance. There was a statistically significant difference on depressive symptoms for women taking antidepressants during pregnancy, compared with controls, when they continued to breastfeed for 12 months postpartum.

Conclusions:

This study did not find a strong association between depression or antidepressant use and intention to breastfeed, partner breastfeeding support, or initiation or duration of breastfeeding. However, for women who took antidepressants, there was evidence that breastfeeding for 12 months was associated with lower depressive symptoms.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in HIV-positive patients: a case report and literature review
Authors: Pool Erica RM , Porte Michael , Durham Nigel , Urwin Sue , Laboi Paul , Martin Fabiola
Published: March 2018

We are reporting the case of a woman who was admitted acutely to our intensive care unit without any collateral history. She was diagnosed with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a consequence of poor adherence to anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic and anti-retroviral medications. PRES is a rare condition, which may cause cortical blindness; contrary to its name it is not always reversible. Rapid diagnosis and aggressive management of underlying causes facilitate reversibility of PRES. We also summarise the literature on patients with HIV and PRES.
Visual Memories Bypass Normalization
Authors: Bloem Ilona M. , Watanabe Yurika L. , Kibbe Melissa M. , Ling Sam
Published: March 2018

How distinct are visual memory representations from visual perception? Although evidence suggests that briefly remembered stimuli are represented within early visual cortices, the degree to which these memory traces resemble true visual representations remains something of a mystery. Here, we tested whether both visual memory and perception succumb to a seemingly ubiquitous neural computation: normalization. Observers were asked to remember the contrast of visual stimuli, which were pitted against each other to promote normalization either in perception or in visual memory. Our results revealed robust normalization between visual representations in perception, yet no signature of normalization occurring between working memory stores—neither between representations in memory nor between memory representations and visual inputs. These results provide unique insight into the nature of visual memory representations, illustrating that visual memory representations follow a different set of computational rules, bypassing normalization, a canonical visual computation.
The aspects of Aspect: Understanding land exposure and its part in geographic information systems analysis
Authors: Malaperdas George D , Panagiotidis Vayia V
Published: March 2018

One of the hardest terms for students new to geographic information systems to understand is the meaning and application of Aspect. When taking one’s first steps in spatial analysis using data in the form of rasters, the first three things new users are called to learn and use are exporting a digital elevation model, the Slope (land incline) and finally the Aspect (orientation of a slope). While the first two are quite straightforward and easily comprehended even from newcomers to spatial analysis in geographic information systems, Aspect continues throughout the learning process to be difficult as a function with one out of three new students not able to decipher it. This paper attempts to give a simpler definition to Aspect including its analytical significance in geographic information systems.
A fiber-optic probe and FT-NIR for onsite quality analysis of olive oils
Authors: Adame-Siles José A , Sánchez-Müller Francisco , Maroto-Molina Francisco , Riccioli Cecilia , Garrido-Varo Ana , Pérez-Marín Dolores
Published: March 2018

Compliance checks at reception of olive oil in bulk before unloading is an essential step for packing plants to meet quality standards and ensure traceability. Nevertheless, classic procedures based on the withdrawal of samples followed by at-line analysis need to be improved. Near-infrared spectroscopy features can make it an ideal technology to enhance efficiency and decision-making processes. This article presents a new approach whose main pillar is the automated use of a fiber-optic sensor to sample and analyse olive oils in bulk, directly in the tank before the downloading at the reception point. Moreover, a preliminary assessment of the sensor performance is also reported.
Reported Problems and Adherence in Using Asthma Medications Among Adolescents and Their Caregivers
Authors: Sleath Betsy , Gratie Daniel , Carpenter Delesha , Davis Scott A. , Lee Charles , Loughlin Ceila E. , Garcia Nacire , Reuland Daniel S. , Tudor Gail
Published: March 2018

Background: Many factors affect youth adherence to asthma medications. Better understanding of the relationship between problems reported by youth in using asthma medications, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and adherence is needed. Objective: The study examined the relationship between youth and caregiver problems in using asthma medications, asthma management self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and youth- and caregiver-reported adherence to asthma controller medications. Methods: Adolescents with persistent asthma and their caregivers were recruited at 4 pediatric practices. Youth were interviewed after their medical visit while caregivers completed a questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Of 359 participating youth, 319 were on controller medications. Youth reported 60% average adherence, whereas caregivers reported 69%. Youth who reported difficulty using their inhaler correctly and youth who reported difficulty remembering to take their medications were significantly less likely to be adherent. Caregivers who reported that it was hard to remember when to give the asthma medications were significantly less likely to report their child being adherent. Both youth and caregivers with higher outcome expectations were significantly more likely to self-report being adherent. Conclusions: Pharmacists and other health care providers should consider asking youth and caregivers about problems in using asthma medications, self-efficacy in managing asthma, and outcome expectations for following treatment regimens, so that they can help youth overcome difficulties they might have in managing their asthma.
A novel technique of axillary vein puncture involving peripherally inserted central venous catheters for a small basilic vein
Authors: Saijo Fumito , Odaka Yoshinobu , Mutoh Mitsuhisa , Katayose Yu , Tokumura Hiromi
Published: March 2018

Purpose:

Peripherally inserted central venous catheters are some of the most useful devices for vascular access used globally. Peripherally inserted central venous catheters have a low rate of fatal mechanical complications when compared to non-tunnel central venous catheters. However, as peripherally inserted central venous catheter access requires a smaller vein, there is a high risk of thrombosis. The axillary vein (confluence of the basilic and brachial veins) can serve as an access for cannulation. Moreover, as this vein is larger than the basilic or brachial vein, it might be a superior option for preventing thrombosis. The risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection should be considered when the puncture site is at the axillary fossa. The aim of this study was to present our new protocol involving peripherally inserted central venous catheters (non-tunneled/tunneled) and a tunneling technique and assess its feasibility and safety for improving cannulation and preventing thrombosis and infection.

Methods:

The study included 20 patients. The axillary vein in the upper arm was used for peripherally inserted central venous catheters in patients with a small-diameter basilic vein (<3 mm). When the puncture site was in the axillary fossa, a subcutaneous tunnel of about 3 cm was constructed easily using a peripheral venous catheter.

Results:

The observed catheter duration was 645 days (median ± standard deviation, 26 ± 22.22 days). Catheterization was successful in all cases, however, two accidental dislodgements were identified. No fatal or serious complications were observed after catheterization.

Conclusion:

Our new protocol for axillary peripherally inserted central venous catheters/tunneled axillary peripherally inserted central venous catheters use for a small-diameter basilic vein is safe and feasible.
Enamel wear evolution: Evaluation using statistical mixed models for 2D profilometry data
Authors: Meireles Agnes Batista , Ferreira Janaína Luciana Alvernaz Marques , Bastos Flávia de Souza , Bonato Letícia , Las Casas Estevam Barbosa de
Published: March 2018

Two-dimensional profilometry is an inexpensive well-established technique to identify indicators of tooth wear. Four surface parameters ( Ra, Rq, Rsk, and Rku) were selected in this work to evaluate worn dental surfaces using two-dimensional profilometry. Eight subjects with dental wear were molded four times with a 15 days interval. To verify data correlation, a mixed-effects model was adjusted. The results indicated that Ra, Rq, Rsk are time dependent, while Rku remained constant. Rsk and Rku values were useful to identify surfaces. Skewness had oscillatory variations and Rku was tending toward a constant rate for a longer period. Two regimens were suggested: (1) transient and (2) self-limiting. Final variation rates indicated that, although enamel wear transiently modifies the surface, it maintains its isotropic characteristic: symmetrical and approximately normal asperities distribution.
Realizing the potential for leadership in social work
Authors: King Keenan Elizabeth , Sandoval Silvia , Limone Christine
Published: March 2018

Ongoing racism, structural inequity, dehumanizing institutional bureaucracies, unresponsive service delivery systems, and gaps in services for emerging needs are just some of the pervasive challenges in need of social work leadership. The multidisciplinary nature of social work practice also requires value-based leadership processes on multiple ecological levels to address the challenges inherent within social delivery systems. Social work encourages all social workers to lead these change efforts, but research on front-line social work leadership is lacking. Constructionist conceptualizations of leadership as social influence processes provide a unit of analysis to examine front-line leadership. A secondary analysis of qualitative data examining social work practice that promotes well-being and social justice revealed leadership processes in multiple social work practice settings.

Findings

Front-line social workers demonstrate three overarching leadership processes in their practice: challenging injustice and changing mindsets, conduit for change, and organizing resources and relationships.

Applications

Conceptualizing leadership as social influence processes identifies and acknowledges the leadership of front-line social workers, expanding the profession’s capacity to collectively articulate and initiate change with a range of social problems and systemic challenges in organizations and communities.
A kaleidoscopic view of the territorialized consumption of place
Authors: Cheetham Fiona , McEachern Morven G. , Warnaby Gary
Published: March 2018

Drawing on Brighenti’s (2010, 2014) theoretical exposition of territorology, we extend current conceptualizations of place within the marketing literature by demonstrating that place is relationally constructed through territorializing consumption practices which continuously produce and sustain multifarious versions of place. In our fieldwork, we embrace a non-representational sensitivity and employ a multi-sensory ethnography, thus helping to illuminate the performative aspects of everyday life relating to people who use urban green spaces. Our analysis articulates three key facets relating to the process of territorializing consumption practices: (1) tangible and intangible elements of boundary making, (2) synchronicity of activities, and (3) sensual experiences. Taken together, these facets advance a kaleidoscopic perspective in which spatial, temporal and affective dimensions of the micro-practices of consumption territories-in-the-making are brought into view. Moreover, our empirical research adds an affective dimension to Brighenti’s theoretical elucidation of the formation and dissolution of territories, thereby incorporating sensual imaginations and bodily experiences into the assemblages of heterogeneous materials that sustain territories.
Investigation of sound absorption properties of nonwoven webs produced from chicken feather fibers
Authors: Paşayev Nazim , Kocatepe Süreyya , Maraş Nesli
Published: March 2018

As a consequence of modern life and technology, noise causes many negative side effects, especially with regard to health. Today, the presence of acoustic problems in transport vehicles such as airplanes, cars and train wagons has become one of the major problems of modern life. Many methods and materials have been developed to provide acoustic comfort in indoor spaces. One of them is the development and application of sound-absorbing materials. Nonwoven webs, which are considered to be the most ideal materials for sound insulation, have micron-sized pores as well as large surface areas. Among these materials, materials with double-layered porosity have greater effect. In recent years, researchers are increasingly turning to the development of sound-absorbing materials from production waste and natural materials that are easily decomposed in the environment. In this study, the sound-absorbing properties of nonwoven webs produced from chicken feather fibers, a by-product in chicken production and a significant amount of waste, were investigated. For this purpose, nonwoven web samples with different parameters were produced by using different binding materials by using thermal bonding method. The sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss values of the samples were measured and evaluated. As a result of the analyses, the influence parameters such as thickness, bulk density and porosity on the sound insulation properties of the produced samples was revealed. The assumptions concerning the mechanism of sound insulation of nonwoven webs produced from chicken feather fibers are detailed. Studies have shown that nonwoven webs from chicken feather fibers can be used as soundproof materials because of their good sound-absorbing properties.
Newly structured design and finite element analysis of bionic nonsmooth surface sealing ring of cone bit
Authors: Zhou Yi , Liu Yinghuan
Published: March 2018

The seal is a critical component of a cone bit, whose performance can be reduced because of its large contact area. To reduce stress within the seal, a bionic nonsmooth surface seal was designed and the structural parameters of sealing rings with spherical and conical teeth were determined. The sealing performances of the sealing rings with spherical and conical teeth were analyzed and compared using finite element analysis. Comparisons were made between the sealing performances of the newly designed rings and currently available sealing rings. Finite element analysis was performed based on a constitutive model of the rubber material used and contact theory. The stress, strain, and contact pressure distributions were analyzed. Uneven stress, strain, and contact pressure distributions with high values occurred on the sealing ring with spherical teeth. The sealing ring with conical teeth was selected because of its improved sealing performance. Compared with currently available sealing rings, the stress and contact pressure distributions of the newly designed sealing ring were both uniform and reasonable, and the stress and contact pressure levels were reduced.