bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Em torno da questão da verdade (On the question of the truth) - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2012v10n25p12
Authors: Manzatto Antonio
Published: May 2012

A questão sobre a verdade, se não for bem colocada, pode dificultar o encontro e o diálogo entre teologia e literatura. A elaboração da ficção não é necessariamente distanciamento da verdade, nem o discurso teológico é o único verdadeiro. A metafísica tradicional já afirmava o belo e o verdadeiro como transcendentais. Hoje, mesmo em ciências, debate-se sobre a compreensão da verdade uma vez que tal conceito não é simples nem unívoco. Reconhecendo que há diversas ordens de verdade e diferentes caminhos para atingi-la, o texto enfoca as distintas maneiras de se colocar o problema da verdade em literatura e em teologia, mas de maneira a facilitar um real diálogo entre elas mostrando, por uma rápida referência aos estudos bíblicos, que tal diálogo é possível e mesmo desejável. Ali, não há que se opor, por exemplo, a verdade histórica à verdade literária, que é aquela apresentada pelo texto, mas busca-se alcançar a “verdade de salvação”, aquela que vai se relacionar de maneira mais direta com a fé.Palavras-Chave: Verdade. Teologia e Literatura. Narração. Estética. História.  AbstractThe question about the truth becomes difficult the dialogue between theology and literature. The development of fiction does not mean a separation of the truth.  In turn, the theological discourse is not the only true. Traditional metaphysics has already affirmed the beautiful and the true as a transcendental. Nowadays, even in science, there is a debate about the understanding of the truth since this concept is not simple, nor univocal. The text recognizes that there are several orders of truth and also different ways to achieve it. In other words, the paper looks at different ways of putting the question of truth in literature and in theology, aiming to facilitate the dialogue between them.Keywords: Truth. Theology and Literature. Narration. Aesthetics. History.- DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2012v10n25p12
Změny v uvažování o participaci žáků: zahraniční inspirace
Authors: Vidláková J.
Published: May 2012

Tématem příspěvku je participace žáků na životě školy. Jedná se o aktuální téma české i zahraniční pedagogiky, o němž se s různou mírou intenzity diskutuje i píše v kontextu měnících se společenských podmínek a s nimi souvisejícími proměnami současné školy, pojetí výuky a pozice žáka v těchto procesech. Zabývat se budeme změnami v uvažování o participaci žáků v posledních letech, v jejichž důsledku vznikly v zahraničí nové modely participace žáků. Studie nabízí konkrétně přehled těch modelů participace žáků, v nichž jejich autoři kladou důraz na naslouchání žákům dospělými ve škole. Další část textu je věnována vymezení konceptu označovaného v zahraničí jako student voice (hlas žáků), který se objevuje v souvislosti s představenými modely. Součástí pokusu vymezit hlas žáků jsou také úvahy o vhodnosti používání spojení hlas žáků. V závěru předkládáme klíčové otázky týkající se participace žáků, jejichž teoretické i empirické uchopení u nás zatím absentuje. Studie je orientována především na výzkumníky zabývající se tímto tématem, avšak svým zaměřením přináší podněty a inspiraci i dalším odborníkům a pro školní praxi.
Klima výuky matematiky v angličtině (metodou CLIL)
Authors: Binterová H.
Published: May 2012

Článek prezentuje výsledky případové studie zkoumající klima výuky matematiky na konkrétní základní škole. Studie prezentuje výsledky z výzkumných šetření prováděných v souvislosti se zavedením výuky matematiky v anglickém jazyce na této škole. Pro vyhodnocení klimatu výuky jsou použity jak kvantitativní metody sběru dat – dotazník, tak i metody kvalitativní – rozhovory s učiteli a žáky. Na základě vyhodnocení dotazníkového šetření ukazujeme rozdílnost klimatu výuky matematiky v jiném, než mateřském jazyce, z hlediska žáka i učitele. Zároveň naznačujeme možné příčiny těchto rozdílů.
Vnímání chemie žáky druhého stupně základních škol
Authors: Kubiatko M. , Švandová K. , Šibor J. , Škoda J.
Published: May 2012

Výzkumných prací týkajících se zkoumání postojů žáků k chemii není mnoho. Ve většině případů se jedná o výzkumné práce zaměřené na vliv genderu na utváření postojů k uvedenému předmětu. V předkládané studii byl kromě vlivu genderu zjišťován i vliv ročníku, oblíbeného předmětu a celkový postoj žáků k chemii. Výzkumný vzorek byl tvořen 379 žáky druhého stupně z osmi českých základních škol. Poměr děvčat a chlapců byl přibližně vyrovnaný. Více žáků bylo z osmého ročníku (n = 236) a žáků s oblíbeným přírodovědným předmětem bylo 102. Jako výzkumný nástroj byl použit dotazník obsahující 25 škálovaných položek Likertova typu. Použitím faktorové analýzy byly položky rozděleny do 4 dimenzí: Zájem o chemii, Význam chemie, Budoucí život a chemie, Chemické experimenty. Na zjištění rozdílů u jednotlivých proměnných byl použit t-test pro nezávislé výběry. Významný rozdíl byl zjištěn pouze u proměnné oblíbený předmět ve prospěch žáků s chemií jakožto oblíbeným předmětem. Děvčata dosahovala pozitivnějšího postoje k chemii než chlapci. Žáci obou ročníků dosáhli přibližně vyrovnaného skóre. Na závěr jsou navrženy možnosti dalšího směřování výzkumu v této oblasti.
Expectation as a factor of influence on the success of use of hearing aids in elderly individuals
Authors: Costa Maristela Julio , Menegotto Isabela Hoffmeister , Schuster Larissa Cristina
Published: May 2012

Introduction: Auditory prosthesis is distinguished in function of the lesser technologies that become them each time, more powerful and efficient. The marketing can generate unreal expectations how much to the results with the amplification use, mainly in inexperienced individuals.

Objective: To verify the relation between expectations and success of the process of election and adaptation of auditory prosthesis in aged.

Method: Clinical and experimental study, 16 aged, inexperienced individuals with the amplification use, the election and adaptation of auditory prosthesis had been evaluated 15 days before and after. Questionnaire for evaluation of the expectations of aged the adult individual was used “/, new user of auditory prosthesis”, Hearing Handicap Inventory will be the Elderly/Screening Version, for evaluation of the perception of the restriction of participation and the International Questionnaire - Device of Amplification Sonora Individual (QI-AASI), to verify the subjective benefit with the use of the auditory prosthesis. The Percentile Index of Recognition of Sentences in Silence was determined (IPRSS), by means of the test Lists of Sentences in Portuguese to verify the objective benefit of the adaptation. The data had been analyzed by means of not-parametric test, with level of significance of 5%.

Results: The entire sample presented positive expectations. Subjectively benefit for the reduction of the perception of the participation restriction and for the positive evaluation of the adaptation, evidenced for the QI-AASI was verified. Objective the improvement of the IPRSS with the use of auditory prosthesis also evidenced benefits.

Conclusion: The expectation how much to the results with the amplification use, it was factor of negative influence in the success of the process of election and adaptation of auditory prosthesis, in the subjective scope.
Prevalence of tinnitus in elderly individuals with and without history of occupational noise exposure
Authors: Melo Juliana Jandre , Meneses Caroline Luiz , Marchiori Luciana Lozza de Moraes
Published: May 2012

Introduction: The various metabolic and circulatory alterations that are related to noise exposure may cause the onset of several symptoms, including tinnitus.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of tinnitus complaints in elderly individuals with and without history of occupational noise exposure.

Method: This prospective study was conducted in a sample population consisting of 502 individuals aged over 60 years, by anamnesis and audiological evaluation. The variables that were studied were the frequency of tinnitus and the history of occupational noise. Logistic regression was used to control for potential confusion or modifications caused by the effects of the other variables on the associations of interest.

Results and Discussion: Tinnitus was reported in 50% of the cases, with tinnitus reported in 40% of the elderly individuals with history of occupational noise exposure, and in 43% of controls (elderly individuals without history of occupational noise exposure). A high frequency of tinnitus was detected in the population under investigation, but there were no statistically significant associations between the presence of tinnitus and history of occupational noise exposure.

Conclusion: The results of this study may have occurred due to other factors such as the age of the individuals without history of occupational noise exposure.
Lateral intercrural suture in the caucasian nose: Decreased domal divergence angle in endonasal rhinoplasty without delivery
Authors: Mocelin Marcos , Soares Caio Márcio Correia , Pasinato Rogério , Frota Andreia Ellery , Berger Cezar Augusto Sarraf
Published: May 2012

Introduction: Several techniques can be performed to improve nasal tip definition such as cartilage resection, tip grafts, or sutures.

Objctive: To evaluate the outcome of lateral intercrural suture at the lower lateral cartilage by endonasal rhinoplasty with a basic technique without delivery in decreasing the angle of domal divergence and improving the nasal tip definition.

Method: This prospective study was performed in 64 patients in which a suture was made on the board head of the lower lateral cartilage in the joint between the dome and lateral crus, using polydioxanone (PDS) with sharp, curved needle.

Results: In all of the cases, better definition of the nasal tip was achieved by intercrural suturing for at least 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusion: Lateral intercrural suture of the lower lateral cartilage provides improved nasal tip definition and can be performed by endonasal rhinoplasty without delivery in the Caucasian nose.
Laryngeal complications by orotracheal intubation: Literature review
Authors: de Cavalho Glauber Barbosa , Brito Valeska Almeida , Mota Luiz Alberto Alves
Published: May 2012

Sumamry

Introduction: The injuries caused for the orotracheal intubation are common in our way and widely told by literature. Generally the pipe rank of or consequence of its permanence in the aerial ways of the patient is caused by accidents in. It has diverse types of larynx injuries, caused for multiple mechanisms.

Objective: To verify, in literature, the main causes of laryngeal complications after- orotracheal intubation and its mechanisms of injury.

Revision of Literature: The searched databases had been LILACS, BIREME and SCIELO. Were updated, books and theses had been used, delimiting itself the period enters 1953 the 2009. The keywords used for the search of articles had been: complications, injuries, larynx, intubation, endotracheal, orotracheal, granulomas, stenosis. 59 references had been selected. The used criteria of inclusion for the choice of articles had been the ones that had shown to the diverse types of injuries caused for the orotracheal intubation and its pathophysiology.

Final Considerations: This revision of literature was motivated by the comment in the practical clinic of a great number of laryngeal sequels in patients submitted to the orotracheal intubation. Of that is ahead important the knowledge, for the professionals of the area of health, the types of complications and its causes, with intention to prevent them, adopting measured of prevention of these injuries.
Cough: neurophysiology, methods of research, pharmacological therapy and phonoaudiology
Authors: Balbani Aracy Pereira Silveira
Published: May 2012

Introduction: The cough is the more common respiratory symptom in children and adults.

Objective: To present a revision on the neurophysiology and the methods for study of the consequence of the cough, as well as the pharmacotherapy and phonoaudiology therapy of the cough, based on the works published between 2005 and 2010 and indexed in the bases Medline, Lilacs and Library Cochrane under them to keywords “cough” or “anti-cough”.

Synthesis of the data: The consequence of the cough involves activation of receiving multiples becomes vacant in the aerial ways and of neural projections of the nucleus of the solitary treatment for other structures of the central nervous system. Experimental techniques allow studying the consequence of the cough to the cellular and molecular level to develop new anti-cough agents. It does not have evidences of that anti-cough exempt of medical lapsing they have superior effectiveness to the one of placebo for the relief of the cough. The phonoaudiology therapy can benefit patients with refractory chronic cough to the pharmacological treatment, over all when paradoxical movement of the vocal folds coexists.

Final Comments: The boarding to multidiscipline has basic paper in the etiological diagnosis and treatment of the cough. The otolaryngologist must inform the patients on the risks of the anti-cough of free sales in order to prevent adverse poisonings and effect, especially in children.
Applicability of the free field Sustained Auditory Attention Ability Test (SAAAT)
Authors: Rissatto Ariane Cristina Sampaio , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Mondelli Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia , Feniman Mariza Ribeiro
Published: May 2012

Introduction: The attention is an underlying neuropsychology function to all the cognitive processes. The auditory deficiency compromises the normal development of the child, modifying diverse auditory abilities, including the attention.

Objective: to compare the performance of children in the Test of the Ability of Auditory Attention Support, as for the different forms of application (auricular phones and free field), sort and, application order.

Method: 40 children (7 years old) voluntary with typical development had participated, divided in two groups: G1 and G2, composites of 20 children each. The application of the THAAS in the G1 if gave first with auricular phones and after that in free field and the G2 the process was inverse. The evaluation consisted in: specific questionnaire, auditory tests and application of the THAAS.

Results: It did not have significant difference how much to the sort. For the THAAS with phones, the G1 presented greater amount of errors of carelessness and total punctuation. For the THAAS in field it had a significant difference of the G2 for the monitoring decrease. How much to the application form, the G1 demonstrated a bigger number of errors when it was used phones. The G2 did not demonstrate difference.

Conclusion: It had viability in the application of the THAAS in Free Field, being able to be adopted the same used normative values for the conventional way of evaluation.
Nasal septum perforation in patient with pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Felix Felippe , Paes Vania , de Azevedo Julia Alves , Grangeiro Eliza Raquel Negrão , Riccio Jonatah Lucas N. , Rito Helen Cruz , Maia Camilla Bezerra da Cruz
Published: May 2012

Introduction: The cocaine is obtained from the leaves of the coca (Erythroxylon coca). It can be used in many ways, but the most common is the drug inhalation. The Cocaine also causes vasoconstriction at nasal mucous membrane and its chronic use can cause necrosis and nasal septum perforation. Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon idiopathic disease characterized by ulcerations, usually observed on the legs. Its diagnosis is most common an exclusion of others diseases. So far, there is no specific treatment based on evidence by randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Describe the rare association between Pyoderma gangrenosum and cocaine.

Case Report: E. A., 27-year-old woman with destruction of nasal septum and palate who has been using a big amount of cocaine, been necessary note the difference from which disease cause de damage.

Final Comments: Also there are only three cases of Pyoderma gangrenosum complicated with nasal septum perforation in cocaine users.
Vestibular system paresis due to emergency endovascular catheterization
Authors: Simoceli Lucinda , Santos Henrique Mendes Paiva , Caputti Camilla , Sguillar Danilo Anunciatto
Published: May 2012

Objective: The objective of this story of case is to describe an uncommon cause of associated peripheral Vestibulopathy to the unilateral auditory loss in aged patient after catheterization of urgency.

Story of case: Patient of the masculine sort, 82 years, submitted to the correction of abdominal ragged aneurism of aorta, in the intra-operative suffered heart attack acute from the myocardium needing primary angioplasty. High after hospital it relates to complaint of accented hearing loss to the right and crippling vertigo, without focal neurological signals. To the otorhinolaryngological clinical examination it presented: Test of Weber lateralized for the left, spontaneous nystagmus for the left, marches rocking, has taken normal disbasia and ataxia, index-nose and diadochokinesia, Test of Romberg with oscillation without fall and Fukuda with lateral shunting line for the right. The audiometric examination evidenced deafness to the right and sensorineural loss to the left in sharps, areflexia initial to the right in caloric test e, the computerized tomography of the secular bones and brainstem, presence of metallic connecting rod crossing the right secular bone, from the vein internal jugular vein and bulb jugular vein, crossing the posterior, superior and vestibule semicircular canals, projecting itself in temporal lobe. The radiological diagnoses was traumatic injury for guide to endovascular metallic during catheterization of urgency and the behavior, considering that the patient had not compensated the balance, it was vestibular rehabilitation.

Conclusion: Complaints of giddiness in the aged patient must be closely evaluated of its pathological clinical description because the antecedents of illnesses and previous treatments, in general, direct the diagnostic hypotheses however they can bring unexpected alterations.
La coopérative multisociétaire : renouveau coopératif et défis de gestion
Authors: Girard Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2012

L’objet de cet article est de faire le point sur le concept de coopérative multisociétaire, donc des coopératives comptant plus d’une catégorie de membres, qui ont notamment la capacité d’oeuvrer dans de nouveaux secteurs d’activités et de joindre de nouveaux acteurs. La méthode retenue est de présenter, caractériser et analyser l’évolution du phénomène au Québec selon des données couvrant la période 1997-2008 telles la création de coopératives et leur distribution par secteur d’activités et identifier quelques défis que cette formule pose sur le plan de la gestion dont essentiellement concilier des intérêts d’acteurs qui, a priori, peuvent s’opposer, par exemple, entre des membres consommateurs et des membres travailleurs. Les cas italiens et français de coopératives multisociétaires sont cités occasionnellement pour mieux illustrer ou faire ressortir la spécificité du cas québécois. Devant l’importance croissante de ces organisations dans le panorama coopératif, il y a lieu de les étudier davantage que ce soit sous l’angle de l’impact de ces organisations sur les enjeux socio-économiques ou de leur cohabitation avec des coopératives unisociétaires dans certains secteurs d’activités.
Supervisory fault‐tolerant control with mutual performance optimization
Authors: Efimov Denis , Cieslak Jérome , Henry David
Published: May 2012

The problem of active fault‐tolerant control with reconfiguration mechanism for uncertain linear systems with external disturbances is addressed applying the supervisory control approach. A key feature of the proposed approach is establishment of a set of conditions providing mutual performance in the sense of taking into account the interaction of the fault detection, isolation, and accommodation subsystems in order to achieve global fault‐tolerance performance with guaranteed global stability. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated in an example of computer simulation for a flight system benchmark. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and Composition of Magnetocaloric Ni–Mn–In–Co Thin Films on the Nanoscale—A TEM Study
Authors: Erkartal Burak , Duppel Viola , Niemann Robert , Schultz Ludwig , Fähler Sebastian , Schürmann Ulrich , Kienle Lorenz
Published: May 2012

A complementary set of electron microscopy techniques is applied for the determination of structural and chemical segregation phenomena within a 300 nm thick metamagnetic Ni–Mn–In–Co thin film. The structure is predominantly composed of distinct modulated martensites of the 5M‐, 6M‐, 7M‐, and 8M‐type. Additionally these modulated structures exhibit twinning and stacking disordering. The nature of the disordering and the structural misfit at the twin interface were analyzed via high resolution micrographs. Next to an adhesion layer of Cr interdiffusion on the nanoscale was observed producing a penternary chemically and structurally homogeneous precipitate. The structure can be assigned to a twinned non‐modulated pseudocubic model.
Comparison of work‐related symptoms and visual contrast sensitivity between employees at a severely water‐damaged school and a school without significant water damage
Authors: Thomas Gregory , Burton Nancy Clark , Mueller Charles , Page Elena , Vesper Stephen
Published: May 2012

Background

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a health hazard evaluation (HHE) of a water‐damaged school in New Orleans (NO), Louisiana. Our aim in this evaluation was to document employee health effects related to exposure to the water‐damaged school, and to determine if VCS testing could serve as a biomarker of effect for occupants who experienced adverse health effects in a water‐damaged building.

Methods

NIOSH physicians and staff administered a work history and medical questionnaire, conducted visual contrast sensitivity (VCS) testing, and collected sticky‐tape, air, and dust samples at the school. Counting, culturing, and/or a DNA‐based technology, called mold‐specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR), were also used to quantify the molds. A similar health and environmental evaluation was performed at a comparable school in Cincinnati, Ohio which was not water‐damaged.

Results

Extensive mold contamination was documented in the water‐damaged school and employees (n = 95) had higher prevalences of work‐related rashes and nasal, lower respiratory, and constitutional symptoms than those at the comparison school (n = 110). VCS values across all spatial frequencies were lower among employees at the water‐damaged school.

Conclusions

Employees exposed to an extensively water‐damaged environment reported adverse health effects, including rashes and nasal, lower respiratory, and constitutional symptoms. VCS values were lower in the employees at the water‐damaged school, but we do not recommend using it in evaluation of people exposed to mold. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:844–854, 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A novel finding on computed tomography in the diagnosis and localization of cerebrospinal fluid leaks without a clear bony defect
Authors: Peter Manes R. , Ryan Matthew W. , Marple Bradley F.
Published: May 2012

Background:

The purpose of this work was to describe a clinical and radiographic pattern of findings that helps localize the site of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective review of CSF leaks treated at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center from 2000 to 2009. Data collected included demographics, nature of presentation, imaging findings, intraoperative location of skull‐base defect, and clinical follow‐up.

Results:

Forty‐six patients' charts were reviewed. Among these patients, 15 did not show a bony skull‐base defect on high‐resolution computed tomography (CT) scan. They did, however, each show a small area of opacification in the olfactory cleft. In each case, this area of opacification correlated with the site of the CSF leak. Intrathecal fluorescein was not used, except in 2 instances. Successful repair was noted in all patients on follow‐up, without evidence of recurrence at the repair site.

Conclusion:

In the absence of a clearly identifiable bony skull‐base defect, opacification of the olfactory cleft is a localizing sign in some cases of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. Such a finding should direct endoscopic repair, and may serve as the only marker for the specific leak site. ©2012 ARSAAOA, LLC.
Giant cell bone lesions in the craniofacial region: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Borges Bruno Barros Pinto , Fornazieri Marco Aurélio , Bezerra Ana Paula Correia de Araújo , Martins Leandro Aurélio Liporoni , Pinna Fábio de Rezende , Voegels Richard Louis
Published: May 2012

Background:

Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTs) are common in the long bones, but rare in the craniofacial region, with only 1% of cases occurring in the latter. Clinical, radiological, and anatomical diagnosis of this locally aggressive disease, which occurs in response to trauma or neoplastic transformation, poses a major challenge in clinical practice.

Methods:

The present study describes a series of 4 cases and highlights the main features of the differential diagnosis and treatment of these lesions: GCT, giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG), and the brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism.

Results:

GCT presents as a benign neoplasm, most typically affecting the knees, and rarely in the temporal and sphenoid bones. It is radiologically indistinguishable from GCRG due to its lytic, poorly defined appearance. The distinction can only be made microscopically, as the presence of multinucleated giant cells scattered throughout the stroma and the absence of a history of trauma favor a diagnosis of GCT. The brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism occurs with rapid, localized osteoclast activity secondary to the effects of increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels; parathyroid examination is indispensable.

Conclusion:

The diagnosis and treatment of these lesions poses a major challenge due to their similar clinical presentation and radiological appearance. Accurate diagnosis is essential for definition of appropriate management, as complete resection is the goal in GCT and GCRG to avoid recurrence, whereas the brown tumor often yields to treatment of the underlying hyperparathyroidism.
An integrative simulation approach to weight reduction in poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles
Authors: Daver Fugen , Demirel Bilal , Sutanto Jeffrey , Pang Chao Wei
Published: May 2012

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a widely used resin in the production of carbonated soft drink (CSD) bottles produced by injection‐stretch blow molding. A reduction in the bottle weight brings down the cost of packaging by reducing the materials and manufacturing costs. This article presents an integrative simulation study where 1.5‐L CSD bottles produced from preforms with different weights were assessed in terms of process viability and product quality. The simulation results were analyzed with respect to the experimental data obtained for the currently used CSD bottle made from 40 g of preform. We found that we could reduce the weight of the PET bottles by 7.5% without jeopardizing the functionality of the bottles in terms of the structural performance properties, such as the top‐load and burst strengths. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012
Rigid polyurethane foams made from high viscosity soy‐polyols
Authors: Fan Hongyu , Tekeei Ali , Suppes Galen J. , Hsieh Fu‐Hung
Published: May 2012

This study investigated the physical properties of water‐blown rigid polyurethane (PU) foams made from VORANOL®490 (petroleum‐based polyether polyol) mixed with 0–50% high viscosity (13,000–31,000 cP at 22°C) soy‐polyols. The density of these foams decreased as the soy‐polyol percentage increased. The compressive strength decreased, decreased and then increased, or remained unchanged and then increased with increasing soy‐polyol percentage depending on the viscosity of the soy‐polyol. Foams made from high viscosity (21,000–31,000 cP) soy‐polyols exhibited similar or superior density‐compressive strength properties to the control foam made from 100% VORNAOL® 490. The thermal conductivity of foams containing soy‐polyols was slightly higher than the control foam. The maximal foaming temperatures of foams slightly decreased with increasing soy‐polyol percentage. Micrographs of foams showed that they had many cells in the shape of sphere or polyhedra. With increasing soy‐polyol percentage, the cell size decreased, and the cell number increased. Based on the analysis of isocyanate content and compressive strength of foams, it was concluded that rigid PU foams could be made by replacing 50% petroleum‐based polyol with a high viscosity soy‐polyol resulting in a 30% reduction in the isocyanate content. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Permeation resistance of poly(ether ether ketone) to hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen gases
Authors: Monson Loxie , Moon Sung In , Extrand C. W.
Published: May 2012

We studied the gas permeation properties of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and compared it with two other polymers commonly used in the construction of semiconductor microenvironments, polycarbonate (PC), and poly(ether imide) (PEI). The PEEK specimens consisted of extruded films as well as compression‐ and injection‐molded specimens. The compression‐molded specimens were prepared to achieve the highest crystallinity. Injection‐molded disks, representing products, were milled to a prescribed thickness. Permeation, diffusion, and solubility coefficients were measured on these various PEEK specimens for hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen gases. It was found that PEEK generally has better permeation resistance than PC or PEI; showing up to five times lower permeation rates than PC or PEI, depending on grade, crystallinity, and gas. The superior permeation resistance of injection‐molded or extruded PEEK, when compared with similarly processed PC or PEI, comes from its crystallinity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Properties of rigid polyurethane foams prepared from recycled aircraft deicing agent with hexamethylene diisocyanate
Authors: Wang Bao , Cheng Yan‐Ling , Liu Yuhuan , Chen Paul , Li Dong , Ruan Roger
Published: May 2012

Polyurethane (PUR) rigid foams were prepared from recycled aircraft deicing agent (aircraft deicing fluid) with reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate at temperature of 55°C. The effect of [NCO]/[OH] ratio on properties of microscopic structure, cell size distribution, compressive strength, apparent density, as well as thermal conductivity (k) was studied. Higher [NCO]/[OH] ratio helped achieve better micromorphology, higher apparent density, and compressive strength of the PUR foams. With the [NCO]/[OH] ratio of 0.75 and 0.8, some shrinking happened during foam rising, causing a decrease in total volume of the PUR foam, and leading to higher apparent density as well as sharply increased compressive strength. All PUR foams displayed good thermal insulation properties in this study. With [NCO]/[OH] ratio increased from 0.7 to 0.8, the k value increased significantly from 34.3 to 42.2 mW m−1 K−1. The k value here was chiefly governed by the apparent density of the foams, which was in turn a function of the ratio of [NCO]/[OH]. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci., 2013
Molecularly imprinted “bulk” copolymers as selective sorbents for gallic acid
Authors: Nicolescu Tanta‐Verona , Sarbu Andrei , Ovidiu Dima Stefan , Nicolae Cristian , Donescu Dan
Published: May 2012

We report the synthesis of molecularly imprinted sorbents, selective for gallic acid. The particles were prepared by using acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate as functional monomers, whereas ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate and 1,4‐buthanediol dimethacrylate were used as crosslinkers. Preparation and manipulation protocols were adjusted considering template's nature. To highlight the influence of monomer/crosslinker nature upon imprinted particles, the adsorption capacity, the imprinting factor, and the distribution and selectivity coefficients were calculated. An imprinting factor of 3.53 and a selectivity coefficient of 6.86 were found for hydroxyethyl methacrylate/ethylene glycol methacrylate system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci. 2013
Prediction of mechanical properties of compatibilized styrene/natural‐rubber blend by using reaction conditions: Central composite design vs. artificial neural networks
Authors: Sresungsuwan Natsupa , Hansupalak Nanthiya
Published: May 2012

A polystyrene (PS)/rubber blend compatibilized with PS‐g‐rubber copolymer, prepared via emulsion polymerization using redox initiator system, is used to investigate the utilization of central composite design (CCD) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches in correlating polymerization conditions to mechanical properties (tensile strength and abrasion loss) of unfilled compound vulcanizates. The conditions were manipulated by changing four factors: reaction temperature and time, percentage of deproteinized rubber in the mixture containing natural rubber, and amount of chain transfer agent. The results show that the relationships between the conditions and the mechanical properties for compatibilized PS/rubber blend are too complex to be explained by polynomials, but are well described by the ANN models, developed for each response. In addition, simulation results for the tensile strength response as a function of those factors using the obtained ANN are in agreement with literature, whereas those results for the abrasion loss do not quite agree with literature due to the interference of the large measurement error. This suggests that only experimental data with high precision should be used to train an ANN to achieve a model with not only best performance but also high reliability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci. 2013
Cationic fluorinated polyacrylate core‐shell latex with pendant long chain alkyl: Synthesis, film morphology, and its performance on cotton substrates
Authors: An Qiufeng , Xu Wei , Hao Lifen , Huang Liangxian
Published: May 2012

We synthesized a novel cationic fluorinated polyacrylate latex (FLDH) with pendant long chain alkyl by copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and 2‐hydroxypropyl acrylate. FTIR, 1H‐NMR, TEM, DSC, and TGA were used to characterize the as‐prepared FLDH. Then fine morphology, components, and hydrophobicity of films on silicon wafer and cotton substrates were investigated by scanning electron microscope, field emission scanning electronic microscope, atomic force microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle meter, etc. Results showed that the FLDH particles had quasi‐spherical core‐shell structure with an average diameter of 144 nm. The core‐shell FLDH film thus had two Tg and its thermal property was improved compared to fluorine‐free acrylate latex. FLDH could form a film on both the cotton fiber and silicon wafer substrate. At an amplification of <60,000 (of the original fiber) and the observation rule (working distance) of >100 nm, FLDH showed a smooth resin film on the treated fabric/fiber surface. However, as the observation rule decreased to 2 nm‐almost a molecular lever‐the FLDH film mostly exhibited an inhomogeneous structure and uneven morphology in its atomic force microscope images. There were many low or high peaks in FLDH topography. Consequently, in 5 μm2 scanning field, the root mean square roughness of FLDH film reached to 0.506 nm. XPS analysis indicated the perfluoroalkyl groups had the tendency to enrich at the surface. In addition, water contact angle of the treated fabric could attain 146.2°. FLDH do not influence whiteness of the treated fabric but will make it slightly stiff at high doses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci., 2013
Review of climate change impacts on marine fish and shellfish around the UK and Ireland
Authors: Heath Michael R. , Neat Francis C. , Pinnegar John K. , Reid David G. , Sims David W. , Wright Peter J.
Published: May 2012

Recent and projected future changes in the temperature and chemistry of marine waters around the UK and Ireland are having, and will in the future have, effects on the phenology, productivity and distribution of marine fish and shellfish. However, the overall consequences are still hard to predict because behaviour, genetic adaptation, habitat dependency and the impacts of fishing on species, result in complex species' responses that may be only partially explained by simple climate envelope predictions.

There is a broad body of evidence that climatic fluctuations are playing an important role in changing fish distributions and abundances, which is discernible against the background of trends in abundance due to fishing. During warm periods, southern species have tended to become more prominent and northern species less abundant. However, the changes in distribution are often more complicated than might be expected from a simple climate envelope approach, partly due to ocean circulation patterns which create invasion routes for southern water species into the North Sea from the south and from the north via the continental shelf west of Britain and Ireland.

The eventual population‐scale impacts of ocean acidification on fish and shellfish are currently very difficult to predict. However, the scant evidence suggests that indirect food web effects arising from the enhanced sensitivity of calcifying planktonic organisms may be important, and the direct effect on fish sensory systems leading to subtle influences on behaviour with possible population‐level implications are possible.

In British waters, the lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) is identified as being at particular risk from climate change. Owing to its strict association with coarse sandy sediments it is unable to adapt its distribution to compensate for warming sea temperatures. Sandeels are a key link in the food web, linking primary and zooplankton production to top predators. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of climate change impacts on marine fisheries in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Cheung William W. L. , Pinnegar John , Merino Gorka , Jones Miranda C. , Barange Manuel
Published: May 2012

Commercial fishing is an important socio‐economic activity in coastal regions of the UK and Ireland. Ocean–atmospheric changes caused by greenhouse gas emissions are likely to affect future fish and shellfish production, and lead to increasing challenges in ensuring long‐term sustainable fisheries management.

The paper reviews existing knowledge and understanding of the exposure of marine ecosystems to ocean‐atmospheric changes, the consequences of these changes for marine fisheries in the UK and Ireland, and the adaptability of the UK and Irish fisheries sector.

Ocean warming is resulting in shifts in the distribution of exploited species and is affecting the productivity of fish stocks and underlying marine ecosystems. In addition, some studies suggest that ocean acidification may have large potential impacts on fisheries resources, in particular shell‐forming invertebrates.

These changes may lead to loss of productivity, but also the opening of new fishing opportunities, depending on the interactions between climate impacts, fishing grounds and fleet types. They will also affect fishing regulations, the price of fish products and operating costs, which in turn will affect the economic performance of the UK and Irish fleets.

Key knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of the implications of climate and ocean chemistry changes for marine fisheries in the UK and Ireland, particularly on the social and economic responses of the fishing sectors to climate change. However, these gaps should not delay climate change mitigation and adaptation policy actions, particularly those measures that clearly have other ‘co‐benefits’. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rates of hospitalized bacterial infection associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its treatment
Authors: Beukelman Timothy , Xie Fenglong , Chen Lang , Baddley John W. , Delzell Elizabeth , Grijalva Carlos G. , Lewis James D. , Ouellet‐Hellstrom Rita , Patkar Nivedita M. , Saag Kenneth G. , Winthrop Kevin L. , Curtis Jeffrey R. ,   on behalf of the SABER Collaboration
Published: May 2012

Objective

To compare the incidence of hospitalized bacterial infections among children with and children without juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to examine the effects of selected medications.

Methods

Using national Medicaid data from 2000 through 2005, we identified a cohort of children with JIA and a comparator cohort of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Exposures to methotrexate (MTX), TNF inhibitors, and oral glucocorticoids (GCs) were determined using pharmacy claims. Patients hospitalized with bacterial infections were identified using coded discharge diagnoses. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRadj) to compare infection incidence rates while adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results

We identified 8,479 JIA patients with 13,003 person‐years of followup; 36% took MTX and 16% took TNF inhibitors. Compared with ADHD patients, JIA patients who were not currently taking MTX or TNF inhibitors had an increased rate of infection (HRadj 2.0 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.5, 2.5]). Among JIA patients not receiving TNF inhibitor therapy, MTX users had a similar rate of infection as those not currently taking MTX (HRadj 1.2 [95% CI 0.9, 1.7]). TNF inhibitor use (irrespective of MTX) resulted in a similar rate of infection as use of MTX without a TNF inhibitor (HRadj 1.2 [95% CI 0.8, 1.8]). Use of high‐dose GCs (≥10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent) increased the rate of infection as compared with no GC use, after adjustment for MTX and TNF inhibitor use (HRadj 3.1 [95% CI 2.0, 4.7]).

Conclusion

Children with JIA had an increased rate of infection compared to children with ADHD. Among children with JIA, the rate of infection was not increased with MTX or TNF inhibitor use, but was significantly increased with high‐dose GC use.
Adaptive Harmonic Steady‐State Disturbance Rejection with Frequency Tracking
Authors: Pigg S. , Bodson M.
Published: May 2012

This paper is concerned with the rejection of sinusoidal disturbances of unknown frequency acting at the output of unknown plants. Disturbance rejection is based on an adaptive harmonic steady‐state (ADHSS) algorithm combined with a magnitude/phase locked‐loop (MPLL) frequency estimator. The harmonic steady‐state method assumes that the plant can be approximated by its steady‐state frequency response. For high‐order plants such as those encountered in active noise and vibration control (ANVC), this assumption greatly reduces the number of parameters and enables online estimation of the plant response using simple algorithms. The paper shows that when the MPLL is integrated with the ADHSS algorithm, the two components work together in such a way that the control input does not prevent frequency tracking by the MPLL, and so that the order of the ADHSS can be reduced. Thus, the addition of the MPLL allows disturbances of unknown frequency to be considered without significantly increasing the complexity of the original ADHSS. After analyzing the reduced‐order ADHSS in the ideal case, the equations describing the complete system are considered. The theory of averaging is used to gain insight into the steady‐state behavior of the algorithm. It is found that the system has a two‐dimensional equilibrium surface such that the disturbance is cancelled exactly. A subset of the surface is proved to be locally stable. Extensive active noise control experiments demonstrate the performance of the algorithm, even when disturbance and plant parameters are changing.
Optimization of mixed cycle length traffic signals
Authors: Kesur Khewal Bhupendra
Published: May 2012

Mixed cycle length operation has been recommended for networks where individual intersections process considerably different traffic volumes. The signals to operate at lower or higher cycle lengths are determined heuristically. This paper demonstrates that the use of mixed cycle lengths as given by the heuristic is inferior to operation under a common cycle length. This contradicts findings in earlier studies, and the difference in conclusion is due to the use of updated optimization methodology. A procedure for incorporating the allocation of mixed cycle lengths into the global optimization of all signal timing variables by a genetic algorithm is proposed. The mixed cycle length timing plans obtained from this procedure are an improvement over those determined heuristically. Mixed cycle length operation is found to be of a more limited application than indicated in previous studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inducing mechanism of biological phosphorus removal driven by the aerobic/extended‐idle regime
Authors: Wang Dongbo , Yang Guojing , Li Xiaoming , Zheng Wei , Wu Yan , Yang Qi , Zeng Guangming
Published: May 2012

Recently, it was found that excess phosphorus (Pi) removal could be achieved in activated sludge with an aerobic/extended‐idle (AEI) process. In this study, batch tests were performed to further reveal the inducing mechanism of Pi removal involved in the AEI process. Unlike the classical anaerobic/aerobic process where an anaerobic Pi release along with a significant polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation drives polyphosphate (poly‐P) accumulating organisms (PAOs) to over‐store Pi as poly‐P, an idle Pi release accompanied by a low‐idle PHA production, which is usually considered to be detrimental for biological Pi removal, was observed to induce some cells to effectively uptake Pi in excess of metabolic requirement in the AEI process. With the increase of idle Pi release, Pi removal efficiency linearly increased. The results also showed that a long idle period with a low level of intracellular glycogen could significantly increase Pi release contents, thus remarkably enhancing Pi removal performances. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis further revealed that activated sludge in the AEI process contained 37.6% of Accumulibacter (PAOs) and 28.2% of Competibacter and Defluviicoccus‐related organisms (glycogen accumulating organisms). This study revealed an actually existent, yet previously unrecognized, inducing mechanism of poly‐P accumulation, and this mechanism behind the AEI regime may provide a scientific basis for the development of an alternative strategy for Pi removal from wastewaters. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2798–2807. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.