bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rank reduced coupled cluster theory. I. Ground state energies and wavefunctions
Authors: Parrish Robert M. , Zhao Yao , Hohenstein Edward G. , Martínez Todd J.
Published: April 2019

We propose a compression of the opposite-spin coupled cluster doubles amplitudes of the form τijab≡UiaVTVWUjbW, where UiaV are the nV-highest magnitude eigenvectors of the MP2 or MP3 doubles amplitudes. Together with a corresponding parameterization of the opposite-spin coupled cluster Lagrange multipliers of the form λabij≡UiaVLVWUjbW, this yields a fully self-consistent parameterization of reduced-rank coupled cluster equations in terms of the Lagrangian L0TVW,LVW. Making this Lagrangian stationary with respect to the LVW parameters yields a perfectly determined set of equations for the TVW equations and coupled cluster energy. These equations can be solved using a Lyapunov equation for the first-order amplitude updates. We test this “rank-reduced coupled cluster” method for coupled cluster singles and doubles in medium sized molecules and find that substantial compression of the T^2 amplitudes is possible with acceptable accuracy.
Observations of radially elongated particle flux induced by streamer in a linear magnetized plasma
Authors: Kin F. , Fujisawa A. , Itoh K. , Kosuga Y. , Sasaki M. , Inagaki S. , Nagashima Y. , Yamada T. , Kasuya N. , Yamasaki K. , Hasamada K. , Zhang B. Y. , Kawachi Y. , Arakawa H. , Kobayashi T. , Itoh S.-I.
Published: April 2019

The streamer-driven particle flux is evaluated experimentally in a linear cylindrical plasma. The streamers, a radially elongated and azimuthally localized structure created in turbulent plasma, really induce ballistic transport, and directly connect the plasma core to the edge within one order faster time scale than that of turbulence. The occurrence of large transport deviates from a Gaussian distribution and is likely to obey a power law. The fundamental plasma experiment clearly shows the significant and essential contributions of streamers to cross-field transport and structural formation of turbulent plasmas.
Morphology control of CsPbBr3 films by a surface active Lewis base for bright all-inorganic perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jin Yan , Yuan Shuai , Wang Kai-Li , Li Meng , Wang Qiang , Wang Zhao-Kui , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: April 2019

All inorganic perovskites are regarded as promising candidates for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their excellent luminescent properties and material stability. However, the film morphology of the perovskite emitting layer has a substantial effect on the device performance of perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). Herein, we developed a facial method to optimize the film morphology of solution-processed CsPbBr3 films by incorporating a Lewis base of caprylyl sulfobetaine (SB3-10) into the perovskite precursor. The interaction between SB3-10 molecules and metal ions in perovskites could retard the crystallization of the CsPbBr3 film, producing a uniform film with a smooth surface morphology. In addition, the addition of SB3-10 could passivate the defects and traps in the perovskite layer to suppress the nonradiative recombination of the charge carriers. Consequently, the resulting CsPbBr3:SB3-10 based PeLEDs presented a maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.3% with a bright luminance of 23 240 cd m−2 and a maximum current efficiency of 8.45 cd A−1. The finding in this work provides a better understanding of the role of SB3-10 based Lewis base in controlling the surface morphology of the CsPbBr3 films.
Metaphors of plant cultivation and flowing liquid in German colonialist discourse (1871–1914)
Authors: Rash Felicity
Published: April 2019

This chapter offers a critical analysis of two major metaphor groups, plant cultivation and flowing liquids, using theories of conceptual metaphor alongside Zinken and Musolff’s premise that metaphor understanding in the real world is “a matter of engagement in debate” rather than solely a speedy and unconscious cognitive operation (Zinken & Musolff 2009: 4). A qualitative analysis of representative texts produced between 1879 and 1913 will show how metaphors of cultivation and flowing reflect German pro-colonialist ideology at the turn of the twentieth century: Wilhelm Hübbe-Schleiden’s Ethiopien, Friedrich Fabri’s Bedarf Deutschland der Colonien, Friedrich Ratzel’s Politische Geographie and Der Lebensraum. Frieda von Bülow’s Tropenkoller, Robert Streit’s Ein Opfer der Hottentotten, and, to a certain extent, Leo Frobenius’s Und Afrika Sprach show some of the less positive aspects of colonialist cultivation and flowing.
The meaning of state created through symbols and metaphors
Authors: Cepinskyte Agne
Published: April 2019

This chapter compares the role of symbols and metaphors in constructing the meaning of the state in its relation to the nation. Building on Paul Ricœur’s theory, it considers symbols and metaphors as two different discursive devices and applies this theoretical approach to the analysis of pre-Nazi German (1871–1933) and late imperial Russian (1860s–1917) political discourses as reflected in political speeches, policy documents, government records, correspondence, and other texts produced by political leaders and thinkers. The findings are that the symbol of the German Heimat and the metaphor of the Russian Motherland contributed significantly to the discursive development of two distinct types of state-to-nation relations: in Germany, the nation legitimized the state, while in Russia the state dominated the nation.
“The state of our Union is strong.” Metaphors of the nation in State of the Union addresses
Authors: Demata Massimiliano
Published: April 2019

This chapter discusses the metaphors of the nation used by the last four US presidents (Clinton, Bush, Obama, Trump) in their annual State of the Union addresses. It is argued that the two main metaphors of the nation used by the presidents, a nation is a building and a nation is a person, are key discursive elements which define the essential ideological characteristics of the nation and constitute a hegemonic concept of national identity. The chapter explains elements of continuity and variation in these metaphorical images in the presidential addresses in terms of the ritual nature of the address and the genre theory of the “New Rhetorics.”
How to do things with metaphors
Authors: Šarić Ljiljana
Published: April 2019

This chapter examines the prison of nations metaphor in South Slavic online sources, focusing particularly on its use and functions in contemporary Croatian discourse as reflected in the Croatian Web Corpus hrWaC. Assuming that certain metaphors in discourse are used consciously and deliberately, and making use of the notions of metaphor recontextualization and recycling, the chapter examines the evaluative force of the metaphor and its strategic use. The metaphor is shown to have different local functions (e.g., persuasion and delegitimization) and to be a shared resource for enacting everyday nationalism within political discourse generally and in the discourse of the political Right in particular.
Gabriel Muhire Gihana: A candle loses nothing by lighting other candles
Authors: O’Donnell Marie Anne
Published: April 2019

Gihana investigates how cells coordinate their shape and polarity with chromosome segregation.
Modulating inflammation for cancer therapy
Authors: Ritter Birgit , Greten Florian R.
Published: April 2019

A link between chronic inflammation and development of tumors is well established. Moreover, it has become evident that tumorigenesis is not a cell autonomous disease, and an inflammatory microenvironment is a prerequisite of basically all tumors, including those that emerge in the absence of overt inflammation. This knowledge has led to the development of anti-inflammatory concepts to treat and prevent cancer. In contrast, immunotherapies, in particular checkpoint inhibitors, representing the most significant progress in the therapy of several malignancies depend on the presence of a pro-inflammatory “hot” environment. Here, we discuss pro- and anti-inflammatory concepts for the treatment of cancer.
COOMET key comparison COOMET.PR-K1.b.1 spectral irradiance 200 nm to 350 nm. Final report
Authors: Khlevnoy B , Solodilov M , Sperfeld P , Pape S
Published: April 2019

A bilateral comparison of the spectral irradiance in wavelengths range from 200 nm to 350 nm was carried out between VNIIOFI (Russia) and PTB (Germany) using 30W deuterium lamps as artefacts. The purpose of the comparison is to provide VNIIOFI a link to the results of the key comparison CCPR-K1.b. PTB was a link laboratory, but VNIIOFI served as a pilot. The degree of equivalence (DoE) of VNIIOFI, i.e. the difference of spectral irradiance values measured by VNIIOFI from the key comparison reference value (KCRV), varied from -2.5 % to 1.6 % and was within the standard uncertainty.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report on supplementary comparison COOMET.M.M-S4 of multiples and submultiples of the kilogram
Authors: Shabiyeva Tamilla , Zuda Jaroslav
Published: April 2019

This report describes the results of bilateral supplementary comparison COOMET.M.M-S4 (also known as COOMET 722/AZ/17). The comparison measurements between the two participants Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) (pilot laboratory) and Azerbaijan Institute of Metrology (AzMI) were started in December 2016 and finished in February 2017.

The transfer standards were OIML Class E2 standard weights with nominal mass values of 5 kg, 500 g, 20 g, 2 g and 100 mg. Agreement between the two participants is good.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Scattering of twisted light from a crystal
Authors: Peshkov A A , Fritzsche S , Surzhykov A
Published: April 2019

Recent years have seen significant progress in the generation and application of twisted beams carrying orbital angular momentum. Here we study the elastic scattering of twisted Bessel light from a crystal and compare our predictions with the results for incident plane-wave radiation. Based on form-factor approximation our numerical calculations of the differential scattering cross sections have been carried out for a crystal of lithium at x-ray energies. It is shown that the use of twisted light can lead to a measurable change in the scattering cross section for the nanocrystals approaching a few nm in size.
Hadronization from color interactions *
Authors: Li Guang-Lei , Yang Chun-Bin
Published: April 2019

A quark coalescence model, based on semi-relativistic molecular dynamics with color interactions among quarks, is presented and applied to pp collisions. A phenomenological potential with two tunable parameters is introduced to describe the color interactions between quarks and antiquarks. The interactions drive the process of hadronization that finally results in different color neutral clusters, which can be identified as hadrons based on some criteria. A Monte Carlo generator PYTHIA is used to generate quarks in the initial state of hadronization, and different values of tunable parameters are used to study the final state distributions and correlations. Baryon-to-meson ratio, transverse momentum spectra, pseudorapidity distributions and forward-backward multiplicity correlations of hadrons produced in the hadronization process, obtained from this model with different parameters, are compared with those from PYTHIA.
Suitable resolution of EOS tables for neutron star investigations *
Authors: Chen Houyuan , Wen Dehua , Zhang Na
Published: April 2019

Inasmuch as the hydrostatic structure of the interior of neutron stars uniquely depends on the equation of state (EOS), the inverse constraints on EOS from astrophysical observations have been an important method for revealing the properties of high density matter. Currently, most EOS for neutron star matter are given in tabular form, but these numerical tables can have quite different resolution. To guarantee both the accuracy and efficiency in computing the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations, a concise standard for generating EOS tables with suitable resolution is investigated. It is shown that EOS tables with 50 points logarithmic-uniformly distributed in the supra-nuclear density segment [

], where

is the nuclear saturation density, correspond to the interpolation induced errors of ~0.02% for the gravitational mass

and ~0.2% for the tidal deformability

.
Intensification of precipitation extremes in the world’s humid and water-limited regions
Authors: Donat Markus G , Angélil Oliver , Ukkola Anna M
Published: April 2019

Changes in precipitation totals and extremes are among the most relevant consequences of climate change, but in particular regional changes remain uncertain. While aggregating over larger regions reduces the noise in time series and typically shows increases in the intensity of precipitation extremes, it has been argued that this may not be the case in water-limited regions. Here we investigate long-term changes in annual precipitation totals and extremes aggregated over the world’s humid, transitional, and dry regions as defined by their climatological water availability. We use the globally most complete observational datasets suitable for the analysis of daily precipitation extremes, and data from global climate model simulations. We show that precipitation totals and extremes have increased in the humid regions since the mid-20th century. Conversely, despite showing tendencies to increase, no robust changes can be detected in the drier regions, in part due to the large variability of precipitation and sparse observational coverage particularly in the driest regions. Future climate simulations under increased radiative forcing indicate total precipitation increases in more humid regions but no clear changes in the more arid regions, while precipitation extremes are more likely to increase than to decrease on average over both the humid and arid regions of the world. These results highlight the increasing risk of heavy precipitation in most regions of the world, including water-limited regions, with implications for related impacts through flooding risk or soil erosion.
The practices of Methodism
Authors: Abraham William J.
Published: April 2019

Methodists operate with the classical means of grace represented by baptism and the Lord’s Supper, supplemented by a host of prudential means of grace that serve multiple purposes. These means of grace teach the faith, give occasion for repentance, make possible fresh commitment to God, provide encouraging forms of fellowship, and the like. ‘The practices of Methodism’ considers these practices and how the system has been updated over time with various experiments. The difficulty in the present situation is that there is no theological consensus on what to teach and what to do in order to make disciples who make a real difference in the world.
4. Modern reading
Authors: Jack Belinda
Published: April 2019

The Industrial Revolution from the late 18th century on brought changes to reading. Printing processes developed further, in particular typesetting. The development of the steam-powered press, the rotary press, and cheaper paper-making accounted for the birth and rapid rise of the daily newspaper. ‘Modern reading’ also explains how the Industrial Revolution resulted in the expansion of towns and cities, which then became the privileged places for reading. The ever-growing audience of readers were reading newspapers and journals, sermons and manuals, but above all novels. The history of the novel is considered along with how reading affected people’s ideas, in terms of how they then wanted to live.
6. Hyperpower and its discontents
Authors: Preston Andrew
Published: April 2019

With the Cold War over, the United States found itself in a position of supremacy unmatched since the days of the Roman Empire. American power was supposed to stimulate the spread of liberalism, democracy, and capitalism, creating a world order embedded in the sanctity of individual rights. History didn’t quite turn out that way. ‘Hyperpower and its discontents’ describes how the end of the Cold War also revived a set of dormant tensions fuelled by race, religion, ethnicity, nation, and tribe. Globalization, long suppressed by Cold War tensions, reemerged with even greater force, creating a foundation for US dominance, but also new opportunities for America’s enemies to resist that dominance.
Utility of Histologic and Histochemical Screening for 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequencing of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue for Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Solomon Isaac H , Lin Chieyu , Horback Katharine L , Kanjilal Sanjat , Rojas-Rudilla Vanesa , Brigl Manfred , Laga Alvaro C , Lindeman Neal I , Padera Robert F
Published: April 2019

Objectives

16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing is a powerful but expensive tool for the identification of bacteria in culture-negative endocarditis. Histologic criteria to screen formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens for testing are evaluated.

Methods

Sixty-eight cases of infective endocarditis and controls were histologically reviewed and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results

Sequencing identified a specific pathogenic organism in 33 (49%) of 68 cases with acute inflammation and in 0 of 10 controls (P = .004). Visualization of organisms by Gram or Grocott methenamine silver stains had the strongest association with positive sequencing, while antibiotic treatment effect and acid decalcification decreased sensitivity. Molecular identifications were concordant with blood culture results in 90% of the cases, and a positive sequencing result was obtained in approximately half of the cases with negative valve cultures.

Conclusions

Histologic screening criteria are extremely helpful for identifying cases likely to be positive by molecular testing and can provide significant cost savings in filtering out low-yield specimens.
Altered C10 domain in cardiac myosin binding protein-C results in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kuster Diederik W D , Lynch Thomas L , Barefield David Y , Sivaguru Mayandi , Kuffel Gina , Zilliox Michael J , Lee Kyoung Hwan , Craig Roger , Namakkal-Soorappan Rajasekaran , Sadayappan Sakthivel
Published: April 2019

Aims

A 25-base pair deletion in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) gene (MYBPC3), proposed to skip exon 33, modifies the C10 domain (cMyBP-CΔC10mut) and is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and heart failure, affecting approximately 100 million South Asians. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of cMyBP-CΔC10mutin vivo are unknown. We hypothesized that expression of cMyBP-CΔC10mut exerts a poison polypeptide effect leading to improper assembly of cardiac sarcomeres and the development of HCM.

Methods and results

To determine whether expression of cMyBP-CΔC10mut is sufficient to cause HCM and contractile dysfunction in vivo, we generated transgenic (TG) mice having cardiac-specific protein expression of cMyBP-CΔC10mut at approximately half the level of endogenous cMyBP-C. At 12 weeks of age, significant hypertrophy was observed in TG mice expressing cMyBP-CΔC10mut (heart weight/body weight ratio: 4.43 ± 0.11 mg/g non-transgenic (NTG) vs. 5.34 ± 0.25 mg/g cMyBP-CΔC10mut, P < 0.05). Furthermore, haematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome staining, as well as second-harmonic generation imaging revealed the presence of significant fibrosis and a greater relative nuclear area in cMyBP-CΔC10mut hearts compared with NTG controls. M-mode echocardiography analysis revealed hypercontractile hearts (EF: 53.4%±2.9% NTG vs. 66.4% ± 4.7% cMyBP-CΔC10mut; P < 0.05) and early diastolic dysfunction (E/E′: 28.7 ± 3.7 NTG vs. 46.3 ± 8.4 cMyBP-CΔC10mut; P < 0.05), indicating the presence of an HCM phenotype. To assess whether these changes manifested at the myofilament level, contractile function of single skinned cardiomyocytes was measured. Preserved maximum force generation and increased Ca2+-sensitivity of force generation were observed in cardiomyocytes from cMyBP-CΔC10mut mice compared with NTG controls (EC50: 3.6 ± 0.02 µM NTG vs. 2.90 ± 0.01 µM cMyBP-CΔC10mut; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Expression of cMyBP-C protein with a modified C10 domain is sufficient to cause contractile dysfunction and HCM in vivo.
Acceptable outcomes after fundoplication—different views are held by patients, GPs, and surgeons
Authors: Currie Andrew C , Bright Tim , Thompson Sarah K , Smith Lorelle , Devitt Peter G , Watson David I
Published: April 2019

Antireflux surgery aims to improve quality of life. However, whether patients and clinicians agree on what this means, and what is an acceptable outcome following fundoplication, is unknown. This study used clinical scenarios pertinent to laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux to define acceptable outcomes from the perspective of patients, surgeons, and general practitioners (GPs). Patients who had previously undergone a laparoscopic fundoplication, general practitioners, and esophagogastric surgeons were invited to rank 11 clinical scenarios of outcomes following laparoscopic fundoplication for acceptability. Clinicopathological and practice variables were collated for patients and clinicians, respectively. GPs and esophagogastric surgeons additionally were asked to estimate postfundoplication outcome probabilities. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were undertaken to examine for associations with acceptability. Reponses were received from 331 patients (36.4% response rate), 93 GPs (13.4% response), and 60 surgeons (36.4% response). Bloating and inability to belch was less acceptable and dysphagia requiring intervention more acceptable to patients compared to clinicians. On regression analysis, female patients found bloating to be less acceptable (OR: 0.51 [95%CI: 0.29–0.91]; P = 0.022), but dysphagia more acceptable (OR: 1.93 [95%CI: 1.17–3.21]; P = 0.011). Postfundoplication estimation of reflux resolution was higher and that of bloating was lower for GPs compared to esophagogastric surgeons. Patients and clinicians have different appreciations of an acceptable outcome following antireflux surgery. Female patients are more concerned about wind-related side effects than male patients. The opposite holds true for dysphagia. Surgeons and GPs differ in their estimation of event probability for patient recovery following antireflux surgery, and this might explain their differing considerations of acceptable outcomes.
Independent role of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Won Ki-Bum , Park Gyung-Min , Yang Yu Jin , Ann Soe Hee , Kim Yong-Giun , Yang Dong Hyun , Kang Joon-Won , Lim Tae-Hwan , Kim Hong-Kyu , Choe Jaewon , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Kim Shin-Jae , Lee Sang-Gon
Published: April 2019

Aims

Individuals without traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) still experience adverse events in clinical practice. This study evaluated the predictors of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in individuals without traditional CVRFs.

Methods and results

A total of 1250 (52.8 ± 6.5 years, 46.9% male) asymptomatic individuals without CVRFs who underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography for a general health examination were analysed. The following were considered as traditional CVRFs: systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg; fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL; total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥160 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL; body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2; current smoking status; and previous medical history of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Subclinical atherosclerosis, defined as the presence of any coronary plaque, was present in 20.6% cases; the incidences of non-calcified, calcified, and mixed plaque were 9.6%, 12.6%, and 2.6%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that LDL-C level [odds ratio (OR): 1.008; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001–1.015], together with age (OR: 1.101; 95% CI: 1.075–1.128) and male sex (OR: 5.574; 95% CI: 3.310–9.388), was associated with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis (All P < 0.05). LDL-C level was significantly associated with an increased risk of calcified plaques rather than non-calcified or mixed plaques.

Conclusion

LDL-C, even at levels currently considered within normal range, is independently associated with the presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in individuals without traditional CVRFs. Our results suggest that a stricter control of LDL-C levels may be necessary for primary prevention in individuals who are conventionally considered healthy.
Why Kill Deposed Leaders? Regime Types and Post-tenure Fates
Authors: Radtke Mitchell Thomas
Published: April 2019

Past research has argued that leaders care about their post-tenure fates and that consideration of these circumstances can motivate policy choices. But, so far, there has been little theorizing on why some successors let leaders walk away while others meet more dismal ends. I provide a regime-based argument for this variation that predicts that personalist leaders will be more likely to experience negative post-tenure fates (exile, imprisonment, and death) than democratic and other autocratic counterparts. The reason is that personalist leaders’ legitimacy is uniquely tied to their personal traits. So long as the former despot is living and near, he poses a threat to his successors. I test my argument on a sample of leaders (1945–2004) and find that the legitimacy argument predicts leader outcomes even while accounting for rival arguments such as a need for retribution, means of exit, militarization of regime, and past history.
Force balance in numerical geodynamo simulations: a systematic study
Authors: Schwaiger T , Gastine T , Aubert J
Published: April 2019

Dynamo action in the Earth’s outer core is expected to be controlled by a balance between pressure, Coriolis, buoyancy and Lorentz forces, with marginal contributions from inertia and viscous forces. Current numerical simulations of the geodynamo, however, operate at much larger inertia and viscosity because of computational limitations. This casts some doubt on the physical relevance of these models.

Our work aims at finding dynamo models in a moderate computational regime which reproduce the leading-order force balance of the Earth. By performing a systematic parameter space survey with Ekman numbers in the range 10−6 ≤ E ≤ 10−4, we study the variations of the force balance when changing the forcing (Rayleigh number, Ra) and the ratio between viscous and magnetic diffusivities (magnetic Prandtl number, Pm). For dipole-dominated dynamos, we observe that the force balance is structurally robust throughout the investigated parameter space, exhibiting a quasi-geostrophic (QG) balance (balance between Coriolis and pressure forces) at zeroth order, followed by a first-order Magneto-Archimedean-Coriolis (MAC) balance between the ageostrophic Coriolis, buoyancy and Lorentz forces. At second order, this balance is disturbed by contributions from inertia and viscous forces. Dynamos with a different sequence of the forces, where inertia and/or viscosity replace the Lorentz force in the first-order force balance, can only be found close to the onset of dynamo action and in the multipolar regime. To assess the agreement of the model force balance with that expected in the Earth’s core, we introduce a parameter quantifying the distance between the first- and second-order forces. Analysis of this parameter shows that the strongest-field dynamos can be obtained close to the onset of convection (Ra close to critical) and in situations of reduced magnetic diffusivity (high Pm). Decreasing the Ekman number gradually expands this regime towards higher supercriticalities and lower values of Pm.

Our study illustrates that most classical numerical dynamos are controlled by a QG-MAC balance, while cases where viscosity and inertia play a dominant role are the exception rather than the norm.
Households or Hotspots? Defining Intervention Targets for Malaria Elimination in Ratanakiri Province, Eastern Cambodia
Authors: Bannister-Tyrrell Melanie , Krit Meryam , Sluydts Vincent , Tho Sochantha , Sokny Mao , Mean Vanna , Kim Saorin , Menard Didier , Grietens Koen Peeters , Abrams Steven , Hens Niel , Coosemans Marc , Bassat Quique , van Hensbroek Michael Boele , Durnez Lies , Van Bortel Wim
Published: April 2019

Background

Malaria “hotspots” have been proposed as potential intervention units for targeted malaria elimination. Little is known about hotspot formation and stability in settings outside sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

Clustering of Plasmodium infections at the household and hotspot level was assessed over 2 years in 3 villages in eastern Cambodia. Social and spatial autocorrelation statistics were calculated to assess clustering of malaria risk, and logistic regression was used to assess the effect of living in a malaria hotspot compared to living in a malaria-positive household in the first year of the study on risk of malaria infection in the second year.

Results

The crude prevalence of Plasmodium infection was 8.4% in 2016 and 3.6% in 2017. Living in a hotspot in 2016 did not predict Plasmodium risk at the individual or household level in 2017 overall, but living in a Plasmodium-positive household in 2016 strongly predicted living in a Plasmodium-positive household in 2017 (Risk Ratio, 5.00 [95% confidence interval, 2.09–11.96], P < .0001). There was no consistent evidence that malaria risk clustered in groups of socially connected individuals from different households.

Conclusions

Malaria risk clustered more clearly in households than in hotspots over 2 years. Household-based strategies should be prioritized in malaria elimination programs in this region.
Dysregulation of miR484-TUSC5 axis takes part in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shanzong , Wang Weijuan , Han Xiaoguang , Wang Youli , Ge Yunzhen , Tan Zhen
Published: April 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. miR-484 is previously reported to be a crucial modulator during the process from precancerous lesion to cancer. Tumour suppressor candidate 5 (TUSC5) is a potential tumour suppressor, but its expression and function in HCC are obscure. In this study, we aimed to explore the roles of miR-484 and TUSC5 in HCC, and clarify the relationship between them. We demonstrated that miR-484 was significantly up-regulated in HCC, while TUSC5 was down-regulated. TUSC5 was validated as the target gene of miR-484 and both of them were associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. miR-484 mimics markedly promoted the malignant phenotypes while TUSC5 plasmid had the opposite effect. In conclusion, miR-484/TUSC5 is potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapy targets for HCC.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Phosphine and Ethyl Formate for Controlling Pseudococcus longispinus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Pseudococcus orchidicola on Imported Foliage Nursery Plants
Authors: Kyung Yejin , Kim Hyun Kyung , Cho Sung Woo , Kim Bong-Su , Yang Jeong-Oh , Koo Hyun-Na , Kim Gil-Hah
Published: April 2019

The fumigation activity of phosphine (PH3) and ethyl formate (EF) and their phytotoxicity to 13 imported foliage nursery plant species were evaluated. The lethal concentration and time (LCT99) values of the PH3 indicated that the susceptibility of the nymphs (3.95 and <0.45 mg·h/liter, respectively) was higher than that of the adults (5.29 and 3.66 mg·h/liter, respectively) of two mealybugs [Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti) and P. orchidicola Takahashi]. The highest concentration reduction rate of PH3 and EF on the 13 foliage nursery plants in the 12-liter desiccator was 41.5% for Heteropanax fragrans and 71.7% for Schefflera arboricola, respectively, which indicates that PH3 has a lower sorption rate than EF. The phytotoxicities of PH3-treated foliage nursery plants did not significantly differ from those of the nontreated plants, but EF caused phytotoxicity in 11 foliage nursery plants a week after treatment. When the exposure time of PH3 increased to 24 h, the adults and nymphs of both mealybug species showed 100% mortality in the 0.5 m3 fumigation chamber. In the 10 m3 fumigation container used in the field, there was 100% mortality of both mealybugs after treatment with 2 g/m3 PH3 for 24 h at 16°C. These results indicate that EF is not a suitable mealybug fumigant due to its high sorption and phytotoxicity to foliage nursery plants, despite fumigation activity against the two species. However, PH3 seems to be suitable for mealybug fumigation in foliage nursery plants and can be used as a substitute for methyl bromide.
Separating prestack diffractions with SVMF in the flattened shot domain
Authors: Zhao Jingtao , Sun Xiuli , Peng Suping , Wei Wei , Liu Tao
Published: April 2019

Separating weak diffractions in the prestack domain plays a vital role in high-resolution imaging small-scale discontinuities or inhomogeneities, which are associated with the migration paths and storage spaces for carbonate fracture-cave reservoirs. A shot-domain diffraction separation method is proposed with a SVMF (space-varying media filter) in the flattened shot domain. The diffractions with fast dynamic changings, including damping amplitudes and phase reversal, are filtered out by the spacing-varying median filter along the prediction-step directions of the flattened shot domain. The proposed method opens a possibility for separating diffractions in the shot domain and has an advantage in the traditional common-offset diffraction separation method. A numerical experiment illustrates the good performance of the proposed method in eliminating reflections and separating diffractions in the shot domain, and the field application further verifies its potential value in resolving the hidden small-scale cavities and tiny faults in carbonate reservoirs.
Vegetation and environment changes inferred from pollen records since 3000 cal. yr BP in Kanas wetland, Xinjiang
Authors: Li Yumei , Zhang Yun , Kong Zhaochen , Zhao Long , Wang Li , Li Yuanyuan , Chen Lixin
Published: April 2019

Aims

Climate change can significantly affect the vegetation worldwide. Thus, paleovegetation and paleoclimate reconstruction should consider the quantitative relationship between modern vegetation and climate. The specific objectives of this study were (i) to assess the influence of environmental variables on pollen assemblages in the Kanas region, (ii) to reconstruct the evolution of vegetation over the past 3000 years using pollen records and (iii) to quantify historical climate change (including mean annual temperature and total annual precipitation) using a weighted averaging partial least squares regression method (WAPLS) applied to fossil pollen data from the Kanas wetland in Xinjiang, China.

Methods

A total of 65 surface and 50 fossil samples were collected from the Kanas wetland and analysed for 14C, pollen and grain size. By combining these data with those obtained from 214 samples of surface pollen assemblages in north Xinjiang, the late Holocene climate was reconstructed using a WAPLS model.

Important Findings

The vegetation in Kanas was dominated by forest for the past 3000 years, undergoing an arbour-vegetation transition from predominantly pine to spruce over that period. The WAPLS model showed that the paleoclimate progressed from cold-wet to warm-dry and subsequently back to cold-wet. Prior to 1350 calibrated years before the present (cal. yr BP), the climate of Kanas was cold and wet, and conditions became increasingly warm and dry until 870 cal. yr BP. The temperature reconstruction model indicated that a ‘Little Ice Age’ occurred ~380 cal. yr BP. These data will help us improve the understanding of abrupt climate change and provide important information regarding the prediction of climate.
Diverticulitis of isolated jejunal diverticulum complicated by small bowel obstruction secondary to de novo enterolith formation
Authors: Aispuro Ivan O , Yazzie Nazhone P
Published: April 2019

Jejunoileal diverticula (JD) are an uncommon condition most prevalent in the sixth and seventh decade of life. Although mostly asymptomatic, JD can be complicated by perforation, diverticulitis, abscess, bleeding, fistula, and small bowel obstruction (SBO) secondary to enterolith formation. There are a limited number of cases describing JD complicated by SBO secondary to enterolith formation. Most of these cases are not associated with diverticulitis and multiple JD are present in all but one previously reported case. We present a case of diverticulitis of a large, isolated jejunal diverticulum complicated by de novo enterolith-induced SBO initially diagnosed as intussusception based on computerized tomography (CT) imaging. Our main objective is to increase awareness that isolated JD are not as readily evident on imaging as cases presenting with multiple JD, but nevertheless should be considered as possible etiology of acute abdomen.
Systematic Treatment Selection
Authors: Consoli Andrés J. , Beutler Larry E.
Published: April 2019

Systematic treatment selection (STS) is an evidence-based, principle-driven, and culturally grounded psychotherapy that guides clinicians in their day-to-day work of helping clients change. Its key procedures start with an ongoing assessment of patients’ functional impairments, resistance levels, coping styles, and other empirically established moderators of change. The clinician then selects treatments that “fit” the individual client and develops a treatment plan based on the moderators identified in the first step. This chapter reviews STS’s fundamental tenets, assessment and formulation, applicability and structure, and the role of the therapy relationship. A detailed case example illustrates the key processes. The chapter also provides diversity considerations, discusses outcome research, and concludes with future directions of STS.
What drives the velocity dispersion of ionized gas in star-forming galaxies?
Authors: Yu Xiaoling , Shi Yong , Chen Yanmei , Law David R , Bizyaev Dmitry , Bing Longji , Li Songlin , Zhou Luwenjia , Chen Jianhang , Riffel Rogemar A , Riffel Rogério , Zhang Kai , Chen Yongyun , Pan Kaike
Published: April 2019

We analyse the intrinsic velocity dispersion properties of 648 star-forming galaxies observed by the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, to explore the relation of intrinsic gas velocity dispersions with star formation rates (SFRs), SFR surface densities ($\rm {\Sigma _{SFR}}$), stellar masses, and stellar mass surface densities ($\rm {\Sigma _{*}}$). By combining with high z galaxies, we found that there is a good correlation between the velocity dispersion and the SFR as well as $\rm {\Sigma _{SFR}}$. But the correlation between the velocity dispersion and the stellar mass as well as $\rm {\Sigma _{*}}$ is moderate. By comparing our results with predictions of theoretical models, we found that the energy feedback from star formation processes alone and the gravitational instability alone cannot fully explain simultaneously the observed velocity–dispersion/SFR and velocity–dispersion/$\rm {\Sigma _{SFR}}$ relationships.
CPGAVAS2, an integrated plastome sequence annotator and analyzer
Authors: Shi Linchun , Chen Haimei , Jiang Mei , Wang Liqiang , Wu Xi , Huang Linfang , Liu Chang
Published: April 2019

We previously developed a web server CPGAVAS for annotation, visualization and GenBank submission of plastome sequences. Here, we upgrade the server into CPGAVAS2 to address the following challenges: (i) inaccurate annotation in the reference sequence likely causing the propagation of errors; (ii) difficulty in the annotation of small exons of genes petB, petD and rps16 and trans-splicing gene rps12; (iii) lack of annotation for other genome features and their visualization, such as repeat elements; and (iv) lack of modules for diversity analysis of plastomes. In particular, CPGAVAS2 provides two reference datasets for plastome annotation. The first dataset contains 43 plastomes whose annotation have been validated or corrected by RNA-seq data. The second one contains 2544 plastomes curated with sequence alignment. Two new algorithms are also implemented to correctly annotate small exons and trans-splicing genes. Tandem and dispersed repeats are identified, whose results are displayed on a circular map together with the annotated genes. DNA-seq and RNA-seq data can be uploaded for identification of single-nucleotide polymorphism sites and RNA-editing sites. The results of two case studies show that CPGAVAS2 annotates better than several other servers. CPGAVAS2 will likely become an indispensible tool for plastome research and can be accessed from http://www.herbalgenomics.org/cpgavas2.
modEnrichr: a suite of gene set enrichment analysis tools for model organisms
Authors: Kuleshov Maxim V , Diaz Jennifer E L , Flamholz Zachary N , Keenan Alexandra B , Lachmann Alexander , Wojciechowicz Megan L , Cagan Ross L , Ma’ayan Avi
Published: April 2019

High-throughput experiments produce increasingly large datasets that are difficult to analyze and integrate. While most data integration approaches focus on aligning metadata, data integration can be achieved by abstracting experimental results into gene sets. Such gene sets can be made available for reuse through gene set enrichment analysis tools such as Enrichr. Enrichr currently only supports gene sets compiled from human and mouse, limiting accessibility for investigators that study other model organisms. modEnrichr is an expansion of Enrichr for four model organisms: fish, fly, worm and yeast. The gene set libraries within FishEnrichr, FlyEnrichr, WormEnrichr and YeastEnrichr are created from the Gene Ontology, mRNA expression profiles, GeneRIF, pathway databases, protein domain databases and other organism-specific resources. Additionally, libraries were created by predicting gene function from RNA-seq co-expression data processed uniformly from the gene expression omnibus for each organism. The modEnrichr suite of tools provides the ability to convert gene lists across species using an ortholog conversion tool that automatically detects the species. For complex analyses, modEnrichr provides API access that enables submitting batch queries. In summary, modEnrichr leverages existing model organism databases and other resources to facilitate comprehensive hypothesis generation through data integration.
Role of fruit juice in achieving the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake
Authors: Benton David , Young Hayley A
Published: April 2019

Although there is strong evidence that consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a reduced rate of all-cause mortality, only a minority of the population consumes 5 servings a day, and campaigns to increase intake have had limited success. This review examines whether encouraging the consumption of fruit juice might offer a step toward the 5-a-day target. Reasons given for not consuming whole fruit involve practicalities, inconvenience, and the effort required. Psychologically, what is important is not only basic information about health, but how individuals interpret their ability to implement that information. It has been argued that fruit juice avoids the problems that commonly prevent fruit consumption and thus provides a practical means of increasing intake and benefitting health through an approach with which the population can readily engage. Those arguing against consuming fruit juice emphasize that it is a source of sugar lacking fiber, yet juice provides nutrients such as vitamin C, carotenoids, and polyphenols that offer health-related benefits. Actively encouraging the daily consumption of fruit juice in public health policy could help populations achieve the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake.
An Annealed Sequential Monte Carlo Method for Bayesian Phylogenetics
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Wang Shijia , Bouchard-Côté Alexandre
Published: April 2019

We describe an “embarrassingly parallel” method for Bayesian phylogenetic inference, annealed Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC), based on recent advances in the SMC literature such as adaptive determination of annealing parameters. The algorithm provides an approximate posterior distribution over trees and evolutionary parameters as well as an unbiased estimator for the marginal likelihood. This unbiasedness property can be used for the purpose of testing the correctness of posterior simulation software. We evaluate the performance of phylogenetic annealed SMC by reviewing and comparing with other computational Bayesian phylogenetic methods, in particular, different marginal likelihood estimation methods. Unlike previous SMC methods in phylogenetics, our annealed method can utilize standard Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) tree moves and hence benefit from the large inventory of such moves available in the literature. Consequently, the annealed SMC method should be relatively easy to incorporate into existing phylogenetic software packages based on MCMC algorithms. We illustrate our method using simulation studies and real data analysis.
Quality improvement
Authors: Laughner Chelsea , Sentz Ryan , Sabados Alison , Feil Danielle , Cooley Amy Seitz
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

This study assessed the impact of process standard work, a quality improvement tool, on staff adherence to nurse-driven unfractionated heparin (UFH) protocols in adult patients at a community teaching hospital.

Methods:

This was a retrospective quality improvement project, and statistical analysis was performed by a senior research specialist at the facility.

Results:

In total, 109 venous thromboembolism or cardiac UFH anticoagulant protocols were included in the final analysis, accounting for 445 activated partial thromboplastin time results.

Conclusion:

There was no change in adherence to a nurse-driven UFH protocol among adult patients after the implementation of process standard work.