bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS NILAI KEADILAN RESTORATIF PADA PENERAPAN HUKUM ADAT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Tsurayya Istiqamah Destri
Published: September 2018

Already in 2014, restorative justice as a distinct approach within the general criminal justice system had been used as the basis to treat child victims and offenders (the child protection Act of 2014).  Nonetheless it is worth noticing that long before the promulgation of this Act, restorative justice has been used and is embedded in the living law of the Indonesian indigenous populations. This paper, using a descriptive analytical method, shall elaborate upon those traditional values found in the living law of the indigenous populations which resembles or reflects a restorative justice approach. In addition the author argues that this approach should also be used outside the limited scope of children criminal justice system.
IMPLIKASI PERLINDUNGAN INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2016 TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL
Authors: Sudjana Sudjana
Published: September 2018

This study discusses, on the basis of analysis of Law No. 20 of 2016, the potential impact of Geographical Indication protection to local economy. By tracing other relevant laws and regulations, using in depth analysis of existing literature and other relevant qualitative data on the subject matter, the author argues that: (1) Law No. 20 of 2016 compared to the Law it replaces it more sufficient to provide protection and legal certainty to Geographical Indication beneficiaries; (2) Quite a number of potential Geographical Indications exist in Indonesia which deserve protection, especially in relation to its potential to support local economic development.
URGENSI PERLINDUNGANDATA PRIVASIDALAM ERA EKONOMI DIGITAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Dewi Rosadi Sinta , Gumelar Pratama Garry
Published: September 2018

As a prerequisite to enter into the digital economic system, the government should be able to guarantee and secure public trust in online transactions and communications.  At the same time the need arise to secure and protect privacy and personal data. The author, utilizing a juridical normative or dogmatic approach,discusses the issue how the Indonesian government should provide better and more reliable protection of privacy and personal data. Notwithstanding the existence of a number of rules from different Acts which provides for such protection, these are considered not sufficient in providing certainty in the digital era. The authors main argument is that a legal instrument providing privacy and personal data protection should fulfil three criteria: (1) possessing international character; (2) protecting privacy and personal data as a positive right; and (3) function to co-relate individual to the economic community as such.
`Diet GMKTN55' Offers Accelerated Benchmarking Through a Representative Subset Approach
Authors: Gould Tim
Published: September 2018

The GMTKN55 benchmarking protocol introduced by [Goerigk et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 32184] allows comprehensive analysis and ranking of density functional approximations with diverse chemical behaviours. But this comprehensiveness comes at a cost: GMTKN55's 1500 benchmarking values require energies for around 2500 systems to be calculated, making it a costly exercise. This manuscript introduces three subsets of GMTKN55, consisting of 30, 100 and 150 systems, as `diet' substitutes for the full database. The subsets are chosen via a stochastic genetic approach, and consequently can reproduce key results of the full GMTKN55 database, including ranking of approximations.
新媒体时代建立高职院校思政教育进网络保障机制的思考
Authors: 王 芳
Published: September 2018

基于对新媒体时代建立高职院校思政教育进网络保障机制的研究，论文分析了新媒体时代下高职院校思政教育工作的重要性。为使学生未来更好发展，高职院校思政教育进网络保障机制更好进行，给出相应的解决措施。
Konstruksi Forecasting System Multi-Model untuk pemodelan matematika pada peramalan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Sucipto Lalu , Syaharuddin Syaharuddin
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk Forecasting System Multi-Model (FSM) guna menentukan metode terbaik dalam sistem peramalan (forecast) dengan mengkonstruksi beberapa metode dalam bentuk Graphical User Interface (GUI) Matlab dengan menghitung semua indikator tingkat akurasi guna menemukan model matematika terbaik dari data time series pada periode tertentu. Pada tahap simulasi, tim peneliti menggunakan data Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) tahun 2010-2017 guna memprediksi IPM NTB tahun 2018. Adapun metode yang diuji adalah Moving Average (SMA, WMA dan EMA), Exponential Smoothing Method (SES, Brown, Holt, dan Winter), Naive Method, Interpolation Method (Newton Gregory), dan Artificial Neural Network (Back Propagation). Kemudian model dievaluasi untuk melihat tingkat akurasi masing-masing metode berdasarkan nilai MAD, MSE, dan MAPE. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi data dari 10 metode yang diuji diketahui bahwa metode Holt paling akurat dengan hasil prediksi tahun 2018 sebesar 67,45  dengan MAD, MSE, dan MAPE berturut-turut sebesar 0,22654; 0,075955 dan 0,34829.   The purpose of this research is to develop a product was called Forecasting System Multi-Model (FSM) to determine the best method in the forecasting system by constructing several methods in the form of Graphical User Interface (GUI) Matlab. It was done by all indicator accuration to find the best mathematical model of time series data in a certain period. In the simulation phase, this research used the Human Development Index (HDI) data of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province in 2010 - 2017 to predict the HDI data of NTB in 2018. The methods tested were Moving Average (SMA, WMA and EMA), Exponential Smoothing Method (SES, Brown, Holt, and Winter), Naive Method, Interpolation Method (Newton Gregory), and Artificial Neural Network (Back Propagation). Then the models/methods were evaluated to see the level of accuracy of each method based on the value of MAD, MSE, and MAPE. Based on data simulation result from 10 tested method known that Holt method is most accurate with prediction result of 2018 equal to 67,45 with MAD, MSE, and MAPE respectively equal to 0.22654, 0.075955 and 0.34829.
La controversia del altar de Victoria
Authors: Álvarez Soria Ignacio Jesús
Published: September 2018

El artículo trata sobre las ideas de tolerancia, igualdad, legitimidad y libertad religiosa en la Tardoantigüedad, tomando como ejemplo la discusión surgida en torno al altar de Victoria, que evidencia también las relaciones de las autoridades paganas y cristianas con el poder imperial. A través de esta discusión podremos ver los argumentos y peticiones utilizados por ambas partes, que en muchas ocasiones coinciden con los discursos que tenían antes de que cambiasen las tornas y el cristianismo se convirtiese en una religión hegemónica en el Imperio Romano.

The article is about the ideas of religious tolerance, equality, legitimacy and liberty in the Late Antiquity with the example of the controversy of Victoria’s altar. This controversy also evinces the connection of Pagan and Christian authorities with the imperial power. Through this dispute, we can know the arguments and requests used by both parties; which usually agree with the reasons that the contrary had before Christianity became the dominant religion in the Roman Empire.

Symmachus, Ambrosius, Empire, religion, tolerance, Late Antiquity
Normas editoriales, suscripción, pedidos
Authors: Revista de Humanidades Studium.
Published: September 2018

Normas editoriales
New methods of surgical operations on large bowel
Authors: Меlnyk V. М. , Poyda О. І. , Shepetko E. М. , Polovnikov І. І.
Published: September 2018

Objective. To improve the immediate and late results of surgical treatment in patients, suffering the large bowel (LB) diseases, using improvement of standard and elaboration of new methods of radical, оrgan-preserving, restorational and reconstructive-restorational operations.

Маterials and methods. New methods of radical, оrgan-preserving, restorational and reconstructive-restorational operations on LB were elaborated, taking into account peculiarities of the diseases morphogenesis, аnatomical and functional details of the LB separate parts. The operations mentioned were performed in 497 patients, suffering LB cancer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, chronic decompensated colostasis, complicated by the LB diverticular disease.

Results. Due to implementation into clinical practice of the surgical interventions elaborated, the postoperative morbidity occurrence rate have reduced down to 2.4%, postoperative lethality - to 0.2%, the functional results improved, the occurrence rate and the severity degree for pathological postoperative syndromes have lowered (reflux-ileitis, postcolectomy syndrome, syndrome of low anterior resection, secondary anal incontinence), the governing of the outflow process after rectal extirpation was guaranteed, the operated patients quality of life improved essentially due to introduction of the surgical interventions elaborated.

Conclusion. Improvement of the surgical treatment results for the LB diseases is possible while applying of new methods of radical, organ-preserving , restorational and reconstructive-restorational operations, what promotes the essential reduction of the occurrence rate for the LB diseases recurrence occurrence, pathological syndromes morbidity and their severity degree, significant improvement of functional results and quality of life in the patients operated.
The early and late results of distal pacreatic resection
Authors: Pylypchuk V. І.
Published: September 2018

Objective. To study up the early and late results of distal pancreatic resection with the aim to improve diagnosis and surgical treatment of the distal pancreatic segment disease.

Маterials and methods. Resectional interventions on distal pancreatic segment were performed in 19 patients in Department of General Surgery of Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital in 2013 - 2017 yrs. In 12 (63.2%) patients the complicated forms of chronic pancreatitis (CHP) were diagnosed, and in 7 (36.8%) – pancreatic neoplasia. For diagnosis of pathological changes in corpora-caudal pancreatic segment there were applied laboratory investigations, ultrasound investigation, computed tomography, magnet-resonance tomography, pathohistological investigation of operational material.

Results. In CHP a DR, using anterior operative access, was performed in 7 patients, and using a posterior one - in 5. For pancreatic neoplasia a standard DR was done in 3 patients, a radical one – in 1, radical antegrade module (RAMPS) - 2, and applying a laparoscopic operative access – in 1 woman-patient. Postoperative complications have occurred in 6 (31.6%) patients. Late results were followed-up in 13 (68.4%) patients in 6 mo – 5 yrs terms: after DR for CHP – in 9, after DR for tumors – in 4. Good late results were obtained in 7 (77.7%) patients after DR for CHP and in 2 (50.0%) – for tumors, satisfactory results – in 2 (22.3%) and in 1 (25.0%) patients, accordingly, and poor result - in 1 (25.0%) after pancreatic DR, performed for malignant tumor.

Conclusion. Complex diagnosis of the distal pancreatic segment diseases with obligatory application of computed tomography gives possibility to establish strict indications for operation and to select a mostly adequate method of surgical intervention individually. Laparoscopic pancreatic DR constitutes a perspective method of surgical treatment in patients with CHP and locally-spread pancreatic neoplasia, it has good and fair early and late results. Resectional interventions on distal pancreatic segment leads to the diabetes mellitus occurrence in 16.6% of the patients.
Impact of the resection method on the structure–functional changes in pancreatic gland
Authors: Valikhnovska K. G.
Published: September 2018

Objective. To compare the changes in pancreatic tissues after еxperimental operative interventions, performed, using standard surgical technique and electric welding.

Маterials and methods. In experimental conditions a pancreatic resection was performed on laboratory animals – white rats, using standard surgical technique and electrocoagulator «Patommed ЕКVZ-300» in a welding regime. Pancreatic tissue was investigated immediately and in 3, 7 and 21 days after the operation.

Results. After resection, performed using standard surgical procedure, alternative changes have occurred, which were accompanied by circulatory disorders around foci of destruction in pancreatocytes, and the process progressing in a cascade-like character with formation of the colliquative necrosis foci. Partial restoration of functional state of parenchymatous cells with moderate reduction of a stromal signs of inflammation and microvascular reaction were observed on the 21-st day.

In the resection zone immediately after the electric welding conduction the tissue have had condensed due to the liquid compression and evaporation. But, on the 3-d and 7-th day a square of a necrotic parenchymatous damage due to thermal affection was lesser, then after application of a standard technique. The coagulation necrosis area, created as a result of a thermal impact, had reduced in size due to restoration by connective tissue and resorption by macrophages.

Conclusion. After applying of a standard surgical technique in early terms a more expressed inflammation have had occurred with a neutrophil infiltration predominance and more volume of a newly created connective tissue grown, than after electric welding, what might lead later to formation of cicatricial tissue in large volume. After the electric welding performance in a newly formatted tissue the ducts have evolved, what was not observed after usage of a standard surgical technique.
The Mechanism of Internet Capability Driving Knowledge Creation Performance: The Effects of Strategic Flexibility and Informatization Density
Authors: Zhuang Caiyun , Chen Guohong , Hou Jian , Liang Juan
Published: September 2018

Aim/Purpose: This study analyzes the mechanism of Internet capability (IC) driving knowledge creation performance (KCP). We consider the mediating role of strategic flexibility and the moderating role of informatization density.

Background: The key to achieving KCP for firms is to transform knowledge created into new products or services and to realize the economic benefits. However, the research has not paid enough attention to firms’ KCP. Based on dynamic capability theory, this study empirically reveals how firms drive KCP through Internet capability.

Methodology: The study uses survey data from 399 organizations in China. Through structural equation modeling, this study assesses the relationship between Internet capability, strategic flexibility, and KCP and uses hierarchical regression to test the moderating role of informatization density.

Contribution: First, this study expands research on knowledge creation and focuses on the further achievement of knowledge creation performance. The study also enriches the exploration of KCP in the Internet context and deepens the research on the internal mechanism by which Internet capability influences KCP. Second, this study highlights the important role of informatization density in the Internet context and expands the research on the impact of external factors on the internal mechanism.

Findings: First, Internet capability has a significantly positive effect on both strategic flexibility and KCP. Furthermore, Internet capability directly impacts strategic flexibility, yet it affects KCP both directly and indirectly through strategic flexibility, which confirms that strategic flexibility is a partial mediator in the relationship between Internet capability and KCP. Second, strategic flexibility positively influences KCP. Third, informatization density has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between Internet capability and KCP.

Recommendations for Practitioners: The results indicate that firms should consider the importance of Internet capability and strategic flexibility for KCP in the Internet context. This study also provides a theoretical basis that could guide the Chinese government’s informatization construction of the industrial chain.

Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers could further explore the role of other mediator variables (e.g., business process management, organizational agility) and consider the role of other moderator variables (e.g., resource commitment, learning orientation).

Impact on Society: This study provides a reference for enterprises with similar cultural backgrounds in using Internet capability to enhance their competitive advantage.

Future Research: Future research could collect data from various countries and regions to test the research model and conduct longitudinal studies to increase the robustness of the conclusions.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB STRES KERJA PADA STAF REKAM MEDIS DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Ardani Juli
Published: September 2018

Stress is the feeling made when the individual react on a certain case. This is the way one grows to fight against threat and constraints by focusing, preparing strength, stamina, and watchfulness. Stress may be good or bad for employees. The work efficiency depends very much on the good mental and physical condition of the employees. This research is aimed at identifying and analyzing the factors causing job stress of employees working at the medical records at Mataram District Hospital. The population of this research is all 57 employees working at instalation of medical records. The study has beenrestricted to medical records only, due to accessibility, time and other related factors The data were collected through questionnaires, interview and documentation. The data analysis is using factor analysis. The research showed that there are three factors casing work stress. The first is the uncertainty of economy, organizational structure, organizational leadership, and personal characteristics. Second is job demand, role demand,, and personal demand. Third is technology changes and family problem. The result of this research may be useful for the authority of the hospital to make decision in relation to human recourses and also for all staffs in general and the staffs of medical records in particular, especially in recruiting the employees. Keywords: job stress, hospital, employees of medical records, factor analysis.
AGENCY CONFLICT DALAM PENCAPAIAN PROFITABILITAS DENGAN LEVERAGE SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR RESTORAN, HOTEL DAN PARIWISATA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2011-2015)
Authors: Sidharta Raden Bagus Faizal Irany
Published: September 2018

Indonesian Government nowadays is focusing to develop the tourism sector area while some problems in companies in sectors of restaurant, hotel and touris, related to institutional ownership, managerial ownership, leverage, and the company profitability. This research then is aimed at analyzing the effect of institutional ownership and managerial ownership on the leverage, at analyzing the effect of institutional ownership and managerial ownership on the profitability, at analyzing the effect of leverage on the profitability, at analyzing the effect of institutional ownership on the profitability through leverage, at analyzing the effect of managerial ownership on the profitability through leverage. This research employed the path analysis. The research showed that institutional ownership have positive and significant effect on the leverage, the managerial ownership has negative and significant effect on leverage, institutional ownership have negative and significant effect on the profitability, managerial ownership has positive and significant effect on the profitability, leverage has negative and significant effect on the profitability, institutional ownership has negative and significant effect on the profitability through leverage, managerial ownership has positive dan significant effect on the profitability through leverage.Keywords : Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Leverage and Profitability
PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL DAN KUALITAS LAYANAN PADA PERUM DAMRI CABANG MATARAM
Authors: Erlan Erlan
Published: September 2018

Service quality is one important part in a service company such as Perum Damri Branch Mataram. This research is aimed at (1) analyzing the significant effect of work satisfaction on the organization commitment, (2) analyzing the significant effect of leadership on the organization commitment, (3) analyzing the significant effect of work satisfaction on the service quality, (4) analyzing the significant effect of leadership on the service quality, (5) analyzing the significant effect of the organizational commitment on the service quality.            This research is associative causal study. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed for census to the population of 104 employees of Perum Damri. The data were analyzed with path analysis with Amos 2.1 for windows.            The research showed that (1) work satisfaction has positive and significant effect on the organizational commitment, (2) leadership has positive but not significant effect on the organizational commitment, (3) work satisfaction has positive and significant effect on the service quality, (4) leadership has positive but not significant effect on the service quality, (5) the organizational commitment has significant effect on the service quality. Keywords : work satisfaction, leadership, organisasional commitment, service quality
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN IKLIM PSIKOLOGIS TERHADAP KESIAPAN UNTUK BERUBAH KARYAWAN PUSKESMAS KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT DALAM RANGKA AKREDITASI DAN KOMITMEN AFEKTIF SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman
Published: September 2018

This research is aimed at determining the significant effect of: (a) transformational leadership on readiness to change of employees of Health Centers in West Lombok. (b) transformational leadership on the affective commitment. (c) transformational leadership on the readiness to transform through affective commitment. (d) the psychological circumstances on preparedness to transform. (e) the psychological circumstances on affective commitment. (f) the psychological circumstances on preparedness to transform through the affective commitment of employees of Health Centers in West Lombok, (g) affective commitment of employees of health centers in West Lombok on preparedness to transform. This research is a causal associative with population of 508 employees of 7 health centers from which 84 employees are selected as samples through random sampling technique. The research showed that: (a) Transformational Leadership had no significant effect on readiness of employees of Health Centers in West Lombok to transform, (b) there is a significant effect of transformational leadership on affective commitment. (c) there is a significant effect transformational leadership on readiness to transform through affective commitment. (d) there is a significant effect of the psychological circumstances on readiness to transform. (e) there is a significant effect of the psychological circumstances on affective commitment. (f) there is a significant effect of the psychological circumstances on readiness to transform through affective commitment. (g) There is a significant effect of Affective Commitment to Readiness of employees of Health Centers in West Lombok to transform. Keywords: transformational leadership, psychological circumstance, commitment individual readiness to transform
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS PEKERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN KEBERAGAMAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING: KASUS DI KANTOR WILAYAH KEMENTERIAN AGAMA PROVINSI NTB
Authors: Hadi Khairul
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study are (1) To analyze the significance of the influence of motivation factors consisting of existence, relationship and growth on employee productivity. (2) To analyze the atmosphere of diversity in reinforcing the influence of the need for existence of work productivity of employees. (3) To analyze the atmosphere of diversity in reinforcing the influence of relationship needs to work productivity of employees. (4) To analyze the atmosphere of diversity in reinforcing the influence of growth needs on the productivity of employees in the Ministry of Religious Affairs of West Nusa Tenggara. The type of research used in this study is associative research. Data collection method used in this research is census method as much as 128 employees. The data collection tool used questionnaires and analyzed using moderating regression analysis (MRA). The results showed (1) motivation factors consisting of the needs of existence, relationship and growth have a positive and significant effect on work productivity of employees. (2) The atmosphere of diversity is able to strengthen the influence of the need for existence of work productivity of employees. (3) The atmosphere of diversity is not able to strengthen the influence of the relationship needs to work productivity of employees. (4) The atmosphere of diversity is able to strengthen the influence of growth needs on the productivity of employees in the Ministry of Religious Affairs of West Nusa Tenggara.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, MOTIVASI DAN DUKUNGAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BAGIAN KEUANGAN (Studi Pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Se-Kabupaten Lombok Timur)
Authors: Iswadi Muhammad , Surati Surati , Hermanto Hermanto
Published: September 2018

This research is aimed at analyzing the effect of competence, motivation and organizational support on the performance of financial officers at the Governmental Organization of East Lombok District. This research is an quantitative associative reseach, using primary and secondary data source. The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The population are all 224 employees of Finance Manager at the collection methodused in this research is census method. The data analysis was using multiple regression.The reseach showed that the competence had positive and significant effect on the performanc , motivation had positive and significant on the performancce, and organizational support had positive and significant on performance. It is suggested that employees improve their competence to be better such as improving the abilityto manage the work to be completed on time and that the organization of the district apparatus in East Lombok continue to provide motivation and passion to the financial officers. In addition, the organizational support provided by the district apparatus organization of East Lombok had been in the category of supporting. Thus each agency that has financial officers needs to maintain such supports as the opportunities for training, the opportunities to be promoted an to keep the work environment of financial officers at the regional apparatus organization in the goverment of East Lombok District. Then it is necessary to improve the performance of employees, to have initiative to finish job without having to wait for command from the boss and to dare to take decisions in accordance with the main tesk and function.Keywords: Competence, Work Motivation, Organizational Support and Performance
Changing Gender Relations and Its Influence on Female Migration Decision in India
Authors: Sandhya Rani Mahapatro
Published: September 2018

This paper is an attempt to understand the position of Indian women in the family and its influence on their migration decision. The migration-empowerment relation can be explained through relative measures like intra-household decision making indicators, and age and educational differences. The data for the purpose of the study has been drawn from the various rounds of NSSO and NFHS and it has been analysed at the state level due to data limitations for explanatory variables at the household level. The bi-variate findings show economic decision making related to large household purchases, decisions on mobility and spousal educational differences which exhibit a linear relation with the women’s migration decision. The empirical findings suggest the women’s greater involvement on own health care, spousal age and educational differences significantly influence their migration decision. This suggests that women’s empowerment influences their migration decision. JEL Classification: J10, J16 Keywords: Empowerment, Migration, Women, India, Relative Measures
Determinants of Littering: An Experimental Analysis
Authors: Fatima Salim Khawaja  , Anwar Shah
Published: September 2018

Littering, the improper disposal of small quantities of waste, is one of the main causes of environmental degradation. To protect the environment from this degradation, we need to factor out the determinants of littering behaviour. In this study, we conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to examine whether people would avoid littering if the social cost of this behaviour was internalised. Based on the microeconomic theory relating to externality, we test whether penalising littering decreases its level compared to when it is not.. The results indicate that when the cost of production of littering is internalised, the level of littering drops. JEL Classification: C92, D62 Keywords: Litter, Externality, Private Cost, Internalisation, Experiment, Baseline Treatment, Cost Treatment
Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen. An Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradictions. Princeton: Princeton University Press. USA. 2013. 448 pages. $ 29.95.
Authors: Rafat Mahmood
Published: September 2018

The spectacular performance of India in terms of economic growth has generally been a source of pride for the Indians as a nation, in addition to attracting significant international applause. Drèze and Sen, on the contrary, question the justification of lauding Indian performance in their book, ‘An Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradictions’. In their book, they focus on the performance parameters that actually reflect standards of living of Indian population. Their analysis portrays a shockingly dismal state of affairs for a vast majority of citizens of the country. The book disillusions the reader about the projected image of Indian development through a detailed yet objective discussion on specific issues plaguing the social sector of the country. The discourse throughout is substantiated by extensive statistical evidence, in addition to a comprehensive statistical appendix given at the end of the book.
What Inspires Electricity Crises at the Micro Level: Empirical Evidence from Electricity Consumption Pattern of Households from Karachi
Authors: Lubna Naz  , Munir Ahmad
Published: September 2018

With urbanisation1 and modernisation of the economy, the use of electrical appliances has increased manifold in Pakistan. Now, household shares in the total electricity use account for 46.5 percent. While other users have lower shares that are industrial 27.5 percent, agriculture 11.6 percent, commercial 7.5 percent and the government 6.2 percent only [Pakistan (2012-13)]. Overtime, the household electricity consumption has also increased because of the increase in electricity consumers2 and of village electrification.3 Other important reasons include the use of modern appliances including both locally made and smuggled and increase in the share of urban women in the labour force by 6.5 percent during 2007-08 and 2012- 13 [Pakistan (2012-13)]. These reasons are also responsible for enlarging electricity demand and supply gap over the years and have led to the electricity shortage to alarming proportions in March 2012. The electricity gap increased to 57,754 GW from 56,930 GW showing an increase of 1.4 percent from the corresponding period of the last year. The acute electricity shortage has caused long hours of the electricity load shedding in the country. The population living in urban areas bears the direct fall out of the electricity breakdown because of the modern lifestyle and sheer dependence on electricity [Pakistan (2012-13)].
Impact of Climate Change on Electricity Demand: A Case Study of Karachi District
Authors: Rafat Mahmood  , Sundus Saleemi  , Sajid Amin
Published: September 2018

Out of the climatic variables such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, etc., electricity demand has been found most responsive to changes in temperature [Parkpoom and Harrison (2008); Al-Hamadi and Soliman (2005); Hor, et al. (2005)]. According to National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the decade from 2001 to 2010 was the warmest worldwide while the rise in surface temperatures of South Asia region by the end of the century is projected around 3.3oC average annually (IPCC);1 not only are the average temperatures rising but the range of extreme temperatures is also widening. Increase in temperatures can affect human lives significantly; the present study focusses on examining the impact of climate change on demand for electricity in Pakistan.
Macro-economic Policies and Energy Security—Implications for a
Chronic Energy Deficit Country
Authors: Mangla Inayat U. , Y. Uppal Jamshed
Published: September 2018

The paper assesses the energy sector’s foreign exchange
requirements for meeting energy consumption and for capital
expenditures, and identifies its implications for the country’s
macroeconomic policy and management. We develop a conceptual model for
projecting the energy sector’s long-term requirements for foreign
exchange. The model indicates that the country’s chronic dependence on
oil imports is likely to expose the economy to high and volatile oil
prices. A fundamental issue for Pakistan is how the energy projects
requiring large inflows of foreign capital and technology will be
financed. The main implication of our analysis is that there will be
continuing pressure on the country’s foreign exchange resources. The
demand for foreign exchange by the year 2024-25 is projected to be US$
20-21 billion without the FDI in new power generation. However, when we
include the requirements of foreign exchange for capital expenditure,
the total FX requirements are in the range of US$ 23- 24 billion. An
implication of the country’s chronic energy deficiency is that the
macroeconomic policies, particularly the foreign exchange rate policy,
need to be redefined to reflect the projected demands on hard currencies
and their expected scarcity value. It is likely that Pakistan will
remain dependent on foreign imports to meet its energy requirements for
a long time and will need to generate commensurate foreign exchange
resources to ensure longterm energy security. JEL classification: E66,
F37, Q43 Keywords: Macroeconomic Policy, Exchange Rate Policy, Energy
Security
From Energy Blues to Green Energy: Options Before
Pakistan
Authors: Amir-Ud-Din Rafi
Published: September 2018

Energy crisis in Pakistan had been brewing long before it
became an important national issue with the potential to significantly
affect the outcome of general elections of 2013. The looming crisis of
depleting non-renewable energy sources combined with a feeble economy
has lent a new urgency to the search for an energy mix which is
sustainable, economically viable and environmentally least hazardous.
Fossil fuels with their known adverse environmental impacts dominate the
current energy mix of Pakistan. The renewable energy sources remain
underutilised despite being cost effective and less hazardous for the
environment. A substantial amount of literature has highlighted various
dimensions of existing energy sources in Pakistan with a particular
emphasis on the environmental impact, the sustainability and the
efficiency of various energy sources [see Asif (2009); Basir, et al.
(2013); Bhutto, et al. (2012); Mirza, et al. (2009, 2008, 2003); Muneer
and Asif (2007); Sheikh (2010) for example]. This study analyses the
environmental impact, economic feasibility and efficiency of various
energy sources subject to various economic and noneconomic constraints.
Section 2 discusses energy security by reviewing various tapped and
untapped energy sources besides analysing current energy mix and its
future prospects. Section 3 highlights the interaction of energy use and
environment. Section 4 discusses two approaches to assess the
feasibility of an energy mix: disaggregated and aggregated. The latter
approach makes a multidimensional comparison of all the energy sources
discussed in this study. Section 5 consists of discussion and concluding
remarks.
The Effects of Informational Framing on Charitable Pledges: Experimental Evidence from a Fund Raising Campaign
Authors: Anwar Shah  , Karim Khan  , Muhammad Tariq Majeed
Published: September 2018

We designed a field experiment to test the direction of the impact of informational frame on charitable pledges. We solicited charitable pledges from 395 students during a campaign aimed at helping students through students at the School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad. The participants are randomly divided into 5 different treatments. In the Pledge Disclosed (PD) treatment, we provided information to students about the average size of pledge we received from participants in the Baseline (BL) treatment. Similarly, in the Need Disclosed (ND) treatment, we provided information about the total need of those who asked for assistantship. In the Pledge & Need Disclosed (P&ND) treatment, we informed the students about both the need as well as the pledge made by the students to meet that need. In All Disclosed (AD) treatment, we provided details about the need, pledges, the previous history of the project, and the pledge by Charity Australia International. The findings show that relative to BL treatment, charitable pledges decreased when participants were informed about the previous pledges and the total required need. However, charitable pledge increased when full information was provided to the participants. JEL Classification: D64 Keywords: Charitable Pledges, Philanthropy, Helping Students through Students, Field Experiment
New Directions in Econometric Practice, General to Specific Modelling,Cointegration and Vector Auto Regression
Authors: Unbreen Qayyum
Published: September 2018

ighly acclaimed and endorsed by leading econometricians, the book “New Directions in Econometric Practice” is not new among the econometrics and statisticians. It is more of a textbook for students of econometrics and statistics at various levels.It impressively attempts to addressthe main objective of explaining ‘how to practice econometrics’. It provides an accessibleand user-friendly approach to a new approach and methodology presented by David Hendry in his book,‘Dynamic Econometrics’. The book under review provides a practical and hands-on illustration ofHendry’s approach, enabling students to use it for themselves inreal world time-series econometric problems. The second edition of thebook attempts to address the shortfalls identified by some reviewers in the first edition. By providing practical guidelines in terms of empirical illustration of each technique,using DHSY’s suggested aggregated timeseries consumption function on PC-Gives (8.1 Professional), it opens new trails ofresearch. The book is primarily designed for providing an intuitive understanding of recent developments in econometrics to nonspecialist econometricians and is widely adopted by teachers, students and practitioners alike
Harold Demsetz. From Economic Man to Economic System: Essays on Human Behaviour and Institutions of Capitalism. New York, USA. 2011. 198 pages. U.S. $ 39.99
Authors: Mahmood Khalid
Published: September 2018

Harold Demsetz,Emeritus Professor of Business Economics at the University of California, Los Angeles, has done an excellentjob of putting together research in the area of human behaviour and the influence of institutions thereon. Demsetz is one of the leading figures of the New Institutional Economics School. In this book, his focus is on the institution of capitalism, which is by far the most influential systemprevalent now. It presents and reviews historical developments in the area and cites influential works, which makes the book a very interesting read. The book is nottechnical and is meant for a broad readership.
Child Poverty and Economic Growth (The Allama Iqbal Lecture)
Authors: David Gordon
Published: September 2018

I would like to thank the organisers and the PIDE for giving me the honour to present this year’s Allama Iqbal Lecture on the subject of Child Poverty and Economic Growth and the opportunity to talk to such well-informed and distinguished audience. I believe that child poverty and economic growth is a subject that is rarely discussed but I think it is a crucial subject for the 21st century. I have only got a brief time to talk to you, so I will only be able to skim over the surface of many issues. If you want to go into a greater depth, there is a website for the Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research, where you can find more details about the issues to which I am going to talk.
Measuring the Performance and Achievement of Microfinance Institutions Incorporating Subsidy Dependence Index and Outreach Index in Pakistan’s Case
Authors: Hina Almas  , Mubashir Mukhtar
Published: September 2018

The curse of poverty had remained a significant problem throughout the history of civilisations. Even in this era of development at least one third of the world population is suffering from the problem of poverty. With such a huge number of human beings living in such a deprived situation, it becomes very crucial to target this issue and search out feasible ways to overcome it. Microfinance has come one of the important tools for reducing poverty. It offers a solution by stimulating economic growth and development. Established microfinance institutions use many instruments to fulfill their promise of poverty reduction. One of those instruments is microcredit. Through this instrument microfinance institutions provide small-scale loans to individuals or groups so that the borrowers could initiate their business and break out of poverty cycle.
Trends of Income Inequality and Polarisation in Pakistan for the Period 1990-2008
Authors: Muhammad Touseef-Ur-Rehman  , Usman Mustafa  , Usman Mustafa  , Humayun Rashid
Published: September 2018

Trends of income inequality and polarisation previously were calculated by Arshad, et al. (2008) in Pakistan for the period of 04 years from 1992-93 to 2001-02, using Gini-coefficient and Bossert and Schworm (2006) measures respectively. Empirical analysis of polarisation has huge importance in the economic policy making. However, polarisation has been less probed, rather un-explored phenomenon. So far only a handful studies have been conducted on this topic and most of the covered western countries with an exception of India. This research area appears to be unexplored in Pakistan, except for a few studies which led to the foundation for the present study.
The Political Economy of Decentralisation and Access to Pro-poor Social Services Delivery in Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Ahmed
Published: September 2018

A key argument made by several economists with respect to decentralisation reform is that it can reduce poverty. This assertion is based on the view that it leads to improvements in public sector services delivery. The efficient provision of public goods by the local governments may occur because of their ability to take into account local determinants while providing services, such as health and education [Oates (1972)]. It may also be due to competition, as local governments encourage the provision of efficient public services to, and lower tax burdens on the lower strata of society [Brennan and Buchanan (1980)].
Micro Hydro Power: A Source of Sustainable Energy in Rural Communities: Economic and Environmental Perspectives
Authors: Mohammad Umar  , Anwar Hussain
Published: September 2018

Energy is an important need of human life. It is the life blood of all economic activities. Due to increase in population and economic activities, the need for energy is increasing at a faster rate. Without having sufficient energy, the goal of economic and social development and the Millennium Development Goals in particular cannot be achieved. Most of the rural areas in different parts of the world are without electricity. About 1.6 billion people in the world who are living in rural areas are without electricity [Greenstone (2014)]. The reason is that it is too costly to provide electricity services to rural communities through conventional means due to remote location and low density of population. Moreover, due to poverty and low income the rural inhabitants are not in a position to afford the main grid electricity. The use of diesel and gasoline has been used for decades for provision of electricity to rural areas. But it was not so successful due to economic, technical and environmental problems [Woodruff (2007a)].
Quantifying Vulnerability to Poverty in a Developing Economy
Authors: Rashida Haq
Published: September 2018

The concept of vulnerability extends the idea of poverty to include idiosyncratic as well as aggregate risks which can be defined as the probability of being in poverty or to fall deeper into poverty in the future. It can be categorised on the micro-and macro level where macro vulnerability refers to worldwide threats to social welfare, e.g. globalisation and recent international financial crises. Conversely, micro vulnerability refers to the household level risks including health risks, economic shocks, social shocks, natural disasters, and demographic shocks [Tesliuc and Lindert (2004)]. To assess and estimate vulnerability to poverty, various approaches had been proposed. First, vulnerability can be seen as a probability of falling into poverty in near future [Chaudhuri (2003); Christaensen and Subbarao (2005)]. The other ways of measuring vulnerability consider it as low expected utility [Ligon and Schechter (2003)] and vulnerability as uninsured expose to risk, i.e., measures of cost, in terms of consumption [Tesliuc and Lindert (2004)]. The basic idea is that the state of poverty at a given point actually is not sufficient for assessing poverty and for drawing results to design poverty reduction programs. Households face various risks and do not know whether any possible shock will hit them in future. So the assessment of poverty at a given point in time is a static approach, not considering possible changes in the future. By assessing vulnerability it refers to the dynamic perspective, it is explicitly forward looking and tries to include the risks that may push people into poverty in future
Impact of Nature-based Tourism on Earnings of Local People: Evidence from Keenjhar Lake in Pakistan
Authors: Tehmina Mangan  , Heman D. Lohano
Published: September 2018

Nature-based tourism is the fastest growing part of tourism [Kuenzi and McNeely (2008)]. Wetland areas including lakes are an important source of nature-based tourism as tourists like their scenic views and enjoy doing different activities including swimming, canoeing, diving and learning about nature [van der Duim and Henkens (2007)]. Wetlands are amongst the most important ecosystems on Earth and provide numerous goods and services including recreational services [Mitsch and Gosselink (2007)]. Increasing demand for nature-based tourism has raised the importance of wetlands
Reconstructing Development Economics: Overcoming Rent for Constructing Capitalism
Authors: Hartmut Elsenhans
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the following article is to show that for its survival capitalism requires expanding mass incomes and that the dominant interpretation of growth relying on ever increasing shares of the rich in national income is misguided. Capitalism is an achievement involuntarily imposed by the poor onto the rich of society. The rich gain wealth by a large variety of means, very often not by the discipline capitalism requires and imposes through competition. The article concentrates on two aspects: the conditions of making expanding mass incomes the basis of capitalist transition in not yet capitalist underdeveloped economies, and the importance of such a transition for maintaining capitalism at the global level where a globalisation of rent against globalisation of profit is the intention of the forces of capital. Therefore many other very relevant aspects of the theoretical model can only be shortly outlined.