bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esnek Yol Kaplama Tabakalarında Kullanılan Geri Dönüştürülmüş Beton Agregalarının Ağır Trafik Yükleri Altında Doğrusal Olmayan Davranışının Deneysel ve Sayısal İncelenmesi
Authors: AKBAŞ Merve , ÖZASLAN Bilal , KHANBABAZADEH Hadi , İYİSAN Recep
Published: March 2021

İnşaat yıkım atıklarından elde edilen geri dönüştürülmüş beton agregalarının (GDBA) yol dolgularında kullanımı, doğal agrega talebini azaltmakta, ekonomik ve çevre dostu tasarımlarla geleneksel esnek yol kaplamanın uzun dönem performansını iyileştirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, temel ve alt temel tabakalarında %100 GDBA kullanımının esnek yol kaplama tabakalarının mekanik davranışına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla önce GDBA'nın özelliklerinin belirlendiği bir laboratuvar çalışması yürütülmüş sonrasında ağır trafik yükleri altında bitümlü sıcak karışım tabaka kalınlığının da etkisi dikkate alınarak GDBA'nın uzun dönem performansını değerlendiren 3 boyutlu doğrusal olmayan sayısal analizler yapılmıştır. Laboratuvar çalışması kapsamında, hazırlanan temel ve alt temel numunelerinin geoteknik özellikleri ile birlikte, esneklik modülü ve kalıcı deformasyon deneyleri uygulanarak esneklik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Esneklik modülünün tahmin edildiği üç farklı model kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmış ve en uygun model sayısal analizlerde kullanılmıştır. Sonlu farklar yöntemine dayanan sayısal analizlerle, geleneksel esnek yol kaplama tabakalarının ağır trafik yükleri altında birikmiş plastik deformasyonları (tekerlek izi) belirlenmiştir. Deney sonuçlarından, GDBA'nın doğal agregalara kıyasla daha yüksek esneklik modülü ve daha düşük plastik deformasyon değerlerine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sayısal analiz sonuçları ise %100 GDBA kullanılarak inşa edilen temel ve alt temel tabakalarının mekanik performansının ve tekerlek izi değerlerinin ilgili şartnamelerde belirtilen gereksinimleri karşıladığını göstermektedir. Görece daha ince seçilen bitümlü sıcak karışım tabakası altında, tandem yükleme sırasında asal gerilmelerin dönmesi ve kenarlardaki düşük kayma gerilmeleri nedeniyle deplasmanların yol merkezine doğru arttığı, bu tabaka kalınlığının artmasıyla kalıcı deformasyonların yaklaşık %50 azaldığı ve çoklu tekerlekler altındaki deplasmanların birbirine yaklaştığı belirlenmiştir. Deneysel ve sayısal inceleme sonucunda, GDBA'nın temel ve alt temel tabakalarında dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanımının uygun olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Turning of the uterine appendices in children
Authors: Okunev Nikolay A. , Okuneva Alexandra I. , Begoulova Elena G. , Kuptsova Svetlana V. , Kotelnikova Anna V. , Podshivalova Irina A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose. To analyze the clinical picture of the disease, diagnostic criteria and treatment tactics for girls with torsion of the uterus for 20162018 in the Childrens Republican Clinical Hospital in Saransk.
Materials and methods of the research: the study included 16 girls who were examined and treated at the state budgetary health institution of the Republic of Mordovia, the Saransk Childrens Republican Clinical Hospital.
Results. The largest number of torsions was found in patients aged 8 to 12 years. In 69% of cases, girls with this pathology lived in the city, 31% in rural areas. In the first 12 hours from the onset of the disease, most patients, namely 9 patients who were worried about nausea, vomiting, fever, pain on the side of the lesion, came to the emergency room. On examination, 5 patients showed a positive symptom of peritoneal irritation, in 2 it was doubtful, and in 6 negative. During the diagnosis, it was revealed that the right appendage is affected more often than the left. The possibility of preserving obviously unviable uterine appendages on the basis of ultrasound and intraoperative data is described, as well as further tactics of conservative management of girls with torsions are presented.
Conclusion. Removal of the uterine appendages was performed in cases of congenital torsions with necrosis, torsions with anomalies of development and necrosis of the appendages, as well as with a duration of torsion and necrosis of more than 5 days. In other cases, even with severe signs of malnutrition, organ-preserving operations were performed
Comparative analysis of the dynamics of the duration of the surgery and hematological indicators of blood loss after osteotomy of the ilium and acetabuloplasty in treatment of children with spina bifida
Authors: Ivanov Stanislav V. , Kenis Vladimir M.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Spina bifida is a severe malformation of the spine and spinal cord. Pathology of the hip joint in children with spina bifida has always been one of the most challenging pediatric orthopedic problems.
Purpose of the study. The aim of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of the duration of operations and hematological indicators of blood loss after performing osteotomy of the ilium and acetabuloplasty to treat children with herniated disc consequences in the presence of hip subluxation and dislocation. It also seeks to determine the safest surgical intervention.
Materials and methods. We observed and treated 60 patients aged 38 years with spina bifida with subluxation and dislocation of the hip. Patients were subdivided into two groups of 30 patients each, differing in the technique of performing the intervention on the pelvic component of the joint. The first group is represented by patients who underwent osteotomy of the ilium (52 joints) aimed to stabilize the hip joint. The second group comprised children who underwent acetabuloplasty (55 joints), another variant of intervention on the pelvic component of the joint.
Results. As our study shows, performing osteotomy of the ilium required significantly more time than acetabuloplasty (p = 0.0088 (p 0.05)). In addition, performing osteotomy of the ilium was accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in the level of both hemoglobin and the number of blood erythrocytes than when performing acetabuloplasty.
Conclusion. Our study demonstrates that osteotomy of the ilium requires more time for its implementation. It is accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in hemoglobin and blood erythrocytes than acetabuloplasty. Therefore, we can conclude that acetabuloplasty is preferable in cases where the expected clinical result and the required degree of correction are comparable.
Anesthesia for surgery in a patient with Knist's dysplasia for severe scoliotic deformity
Authors: Smirnov Igor V. , Rojtberg Grigorij E. , Tsypin Leonid E. , Lazarev Vladimir V.
Published: March 2021

Kniest dysplasia is a disease that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. It manifests itself as dwarfism, scoliotic deformity of the spine, impaired joint mobility, muscle weakness, visual impairment, and sensorineural deafness. As a result of disproportionate trunk shortening, lumbar hyperlordosis and kyphoscoliosis develop, leading to internal organs (respiratory, cardiovascular system) disorders, disability, and reduced life expectancy.
A case of surgical treatment of a patient with Kniest dysplasia for severe kyphoscoliotic spinal deformity is described. Posterior corrective cross-rod transpediculocorporal screw spondylodesis T3-L5 with bone autoplasty was performed. While planning anesthesia, difficult tracheal intubation was evaluated on the LEMON scale of 7 points high-risk. While performing tracheal intubation, endoscopic techniques were used: videolaryngoscope, intubation bronchoscope, enabling success. Management of intraoperative blood loss was conducted by a complex of measures: laying the patient in the prone position with the release of the abdominal cavity, normothermia, intraoperative hemodilution of azlactone-balanced polyionic solutions to achieve the target hematocrit in the range of 24%26%, and controlled hypotension with blood pressure decreased by 30% from the original hardware blood reinfusion during surgery. Also, on the first postoperative day, fusing tranexamic acid, correcting anemia and deficiency of blood coagulation factors donor components contributed to the success.
Discussion. When planning surgery and anesthesia, it is necessary to consider the risk of developing malignant hyperthermia, predicting difficult intubation, and complying with the algorithm to ensure airway patency and prevent massive intraoperative blood loss. With a comprehensive approach to patient management, it is possible to achieve rapid rehabilitation and discharge for outpatient treatment. Surgical treatment for rapidly progressing severe kyphoscoliathical spinal deformity can change the quality and duration of life in patients with Kniest syndrome.
Choice of anesthetic support components for children during MRI procedures
Authors: Anastasov Andriy G. , Ovcharenko Olekcii V. , Nazin Dmitry O. , Tomashkevych Bohdan A. , Mikhaylichenko Yegor V.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. An MRI-scan in early childhood requires anesthesia to create complete immobility of the patient due to the high incidence of artifacts with an MRI duration of 40 to 60 minutes. The purpose of the work is to select the components of anesthetic support in children from one month to three years old with MRI.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was 33 patients aged one month to three years with congenital and acquired brain pathology. Anesthetic management intravenous general anesthesia without mechanical ventilation. Anesthesia in 11 (33.3%) patients of group 1 midazolam 0.5% 0.3 mg/kg, in 12 (36.4%) patients of group 2 midazolam 0.5% at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg + ketamine 5% 1.5 mg/kg, and in 10 (30.3%) patients of group 3 midazolam 0.5% at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg + propofol 2 mg/kg.

Results. Group 1 patients achieved a sedation level on the RASS scale of 2.2 0.1 points with preservation of sound and tactile sensitivity, spontaneous involuntary movements limbs in 72.7% of cases. Group 2 patients had a lack of motor activity, consciousness - an assessment on the RASS scale 4.6 0.4 points, BIS 59.4 1%, increased in blood pressure by 7.3%, and normal without depression of respiratory function. Group 3 patients required careful titration of each subsequent dose, constant monitoring of breathing and hemodynamics, and, if necessary, maintaining adequate ventilation during the induction stage.

Conclusion. The most rational components for anesthesia support in young children during MRI scanning are midazolam solutions at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg and ketamine at 1.5/kg.
Sedation and analgesia during manipulation in children
Authors: Aleksandrovich Yuriy S. , Pshenisnov Konstantin V. , Aleksandrovich Irina V.
Published: March 2021

The article provides an overview of modern methods of sedation and analgesia during therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations in children, indicates indications and contraindications. Special attention is paid to the assessment of sedation and anaesthesia effectiveness, scales used for this purpose in children of different ages are described, criteria of sedation depth are given, equipment and measures necessary to ensure patient safety during manipulation are described. It has been noted that BIS index values correlate with sedation scales in children and adults, but values that determine deep sedation in children are currently not clearly defined, which requires further research. Drugs for sedation, their main characteristics and limitations for use are presented. The differences between sedation and monitored anesthesiology care (MAC), which can be provided only by a qualified anesthesiologist, are described in detail. It has been demonstrated that monitored anesthesiologic care implies deep sedation with control of vital functions, control of breathing and hemodynamics during manipulation, and it is noted that capnography is a mandatory element of monitoring in this type of anesthesiologic care in order to detect apnea as early as possible. Criteria for recovery of consciousness after completion of sedation are specified, which include normal airway, adequate ventilation, stability of hemodynamic, restoration of initial level of consciousness, motor activity and possibility to receive liquids through mouth in absence of vomiting. It is noted that the average time from the end of procedural sedation to the restoration of the original state is about 2 hours.
Effectiveness of endoscopic treatment of duplex system ureteroceles in children
Authors: Dubrov Vitaly I. , Strotsky Alexandr V. , Shkutov Aleksey O.
Published: March 2021

Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of transurethral incision of ureteroceles and incidence of vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric patients with duplex system ureterocele.

Materials and methods. This is a retrospective study of 155 pediatric patients with duplex system ureterocele. The age of patients at the time of surgery ranged from 5 days to 17 years (median 8.0 months). Intravesical ureterocele had 108 patients (69.8%), extravesical 47 (30.2%).

Results. Complications occurred in 2 patients (1.3%), recurrence obstruction was in 1 case (0.6%). Ipsilateral vesicoureteral reflux after surgery had 112 patients (72.3%): in the upper pole 51 cases (32.9%), in the lower pole 32 (20.6%), in both ureters 29 (18.7%). In the long-term period after transurethral incision of ureteroceles 97 patients (62.5%) needed reoperation due to infection and voiding dysfunction. Statistically significant risk factors associated with the need for reoperation were the presence of vesicoureteral reflux on the ureteroceles side and non-functioning upper pole of the kidney.

Conclusion. Transurethral incision of ureteroceles for duplex system ureterocele is a safe and effective minimally invasive method of primary resolving of the obstruction. Vesicoureteral reflux on the ureterocele side after surgery had 72.3% of patients; reoperation in the long term was necessary in 62.5% cases. The main risk factor reoperation is vesicoureteral reflux on the ureterocele side.
Video-assisted isolated percutaneous hernia sac suturing in children with inguinal hernia (VIPS)
Authors: Pavlushin Pavel M. , Gramzin Alexey V. , Tratonin Artyom A. , Krivosheenko Nikolai V. , Koinov Yuri Yu. , Chikinev Yuri V.
Published: March 2021

Background. Inguinal hernias in children are a common problem. They occur in 520 cases of 1000 newborns, with the prevalence in males of about 10 times. Therefore, they present a very important problem in pediatric surgery.
Materials and methods. This prospective study was performed from 2019 to 2020 and included 30 patients with diagnosed inguinal hernias. Video-assisted percutaneous hernia sac ligation was performed in all patients.
Results. The mean operating time was 10.3 2.7 min in patients with unilateral inguinal hernias and 14.7 1.6 min in patients with the bilateral variant. No complications or recurrences were observed during the six-month follow-up period. In one case, an additional 3 mm port setting was performed in an eight-month-old child. The main reason for doing this was the fibrous transformation of the parietal peritoneum because of the existence of incarcerations in the anamnesis.
Conclusion. This technique garners all the advantages of a minimally invasive surgical treatment of inguinal hernias using the Tuohy needle. However, the conductor application allows us to create the same approach using a Touhy needle. This means that we can perform an isolated hernia sac ligation without getting under the preperitoneal tissue ligature, parts of the internal oblique and transverse muscles, aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, and subcutaneous fat. This presented video-assisted percutaneous hernia sac ligation method seems like a potential minimally invasive way to treat inguinal hernias in children.
Errors and сomplications in the treatment of children with anorectal malformations
Authors: Pimenova Evgeniya S. , Tarasova Darya S. , Morozov Dmitry D. , Morozov Dmitry A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose. This manuscript aims to introduce errors and complications of diagnosis and treatment in children with anorectal malformations (ARM).

Methods. A retrospective analysis of 63 children with ARM treated at a single tertiary Speransky childrens Hospital.

Results. The patients ages ranged from 2 mo to 17 y. o. (median, 6 y. o.). The types of ARM included: rectourethral fistula 27%, rectoperineal fistula 17.5%, rectovestibular fistula 15.9%, rectobladderneck fistula 6.3%, no fistula 7.9%, cloaca 11.1%, cloaca with urogenital sinus and disorder of sex development 1.6%, pouch colon 1.6%, rectal stenosis 4.8%, anal duplication 3.2%, and rectovaginal fistula 3.2%. Of these patients, 76% underwent surgery earlier at another hospital (surgical treatment completed), 14% had stomas, and 10% did not have any prior procedures. The historical analysis showed diagnostic errors in 48% of children (untimely diagnosis, incorrect interpretation of the ARM variant, prolonged delay in anorectoplasty). Errors led to emergency procedures or changes in subsequent surgical treatment (further ostomy, excess bowel resection) in 22% of cases. After anorectoplasty (stenosis, mislocated anus/rectum, rectal prolapse), complications were detected in 56% of cases, whereas ostomy complications were observed in 5% of cases. Long-term problems after the surgical treatment (constipation, incontinence, and pseudoincontinence) were evident in 98% of children. Different surgical reconstructive techniques of the sphincter formation had been performed previously in 13% of patients. Moreover, they most often had spinal pathology as the cause of functional disorders. Only half of the childrens parents had information about bowel management, 38% did not follow the recommendations and usually had fecal impaction and pseudoincontinence. 45% of children/parents performed non-effective or irregular enemas and required corrective treatment.

Conclusion. It is recommended that Russian pediatric surgeons treat children with ARM, according to Russian pediatric surgeons guidelines consistent with international protocols to avoid errors and complications.
To the 90th anniversary of the founder of pediatric anesthesiology-reseanimatology Victor A. Mikhelson
Authors: Lekmanov Andrey U.
Published: March 2021

A description of the professional activities and merits of the founder of the school of pediatric anesthesiologists-resuscitators of Russia, Professor Victor A. Mikhelson, for his 90th birthday.
Treatment of children with skin and soft tissue defects of distal phalanges of the fingers
Authors: Berezutskii Sergey N. , Pinigin Alexey G.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. This article discusses the relevance of performing organ-preserving operations for traumatic skin and soft tissue defects in children. The author analyzes the traditional types of skin grafting procedures and their application in children. From the authors' point of view, the most acceptable skin grafting method is a displaced island flap on a neurovascular pedicle with direct blood flow.

Materials and methods. The operating technique of lifting a displaced island flap on a neurovascular pedicle with direct blood flow is shown. The features of its implementation, the number of children, and their distribution by groups are shown. From 2016 to 2019, 15 children with traumatic defects of the distal phalanges of the fingers were operated on in the microsurgical Department of the Khabarovsk KKB No. 2 using a displaced neurovascular island flap on the leg with direct blood flow. The children ranged in age from four to 14 years. The number of children and the frequency of damage to the right and left hands was approximately the same.

Results. Positive results of using this technique in the Department of Microsurgery of KKB No. 2 are presented. In all cases, it was possible to close the existing defects with the primary closure of the donor defect simultaneously; Sensitivity was preserved in all operated children, and movements in the finger joints were almost complete.

Discussion. This flap method has undeniable advantages, although it is quite time-consuming and requires microsurgical skills, techniques, and appropriate equipment. The proposed skin grafting results are encouraging and satisfying for both doctors and children with parents.

Conclusions. The authors recommend this skin grafting method for traumatic defects of the distal phalanges of the fingers in children.
Opinion of students of medical university on methods of contraception and prevention of unwanted pregnancy
Authors: Lebedev Anatoliy К. , Redka Elizaveta A. , Bugay Anastasia M. , Lunenkova Elizaveta O. , Sokolova Maria N.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes an opinion of 6th grade of young women, the 6th grade medicine students, on the topic of using contraceptive methods for preventing unwanted pregnancy.
In the North-Western State University named after I.I. Mechnikov an anonymous poll was conducted by filling specially prepared questionnaires, that included 29 questions and informed consent for using the results of the survey in scientific research. The study included an opinion of 300 6th grade students with the age 22 to 33 years.
The results of the survey about the most frequently used contraception methods by 6th grade students was provided as well as the purpose of using certain modern types of contraception, the awareness of students about the chosen methods of contraception.
Features of the clinical course of a new coronavirus infection in students who were under observation in the observatory
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga Y. , Lubimova Anna V. , Ovakimyan Karina V. , Zamyatina Olga S. , Donetskov Nikita V.
Published: March 2021

The emerging epidemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), received the status of an emergency of international importance and attracted the attention of not only health professionals, but also the population around the world. Although the risk of severe health consequences from COVID-19 for young people without comorbidities is relatively low, an increase in the incidence of infection in this age group may lead to an increase in the proportion of people with severe disease, as well as the spread of infection among older age groups who are in close contact with them and are at high risk of mortality from COVID-19.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical features of the new coronavirus infection among students of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, placed in the observatory.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the observatory of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. All persons transferred to the observatory in the period from 21.04.2020 to 31.08.2020, epidemiological and clinical-anamnestic data were recorded. In a prospective study, all participants were asked to complete a Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D) over the phone 3 months after their stay at the observatory.
Results. 113 people participated in the study: 45.1% of men (n = 51) and 54.9% of women (n = 62). The average age of the respondents was 22.4 2.5 years. When conducting a multivariate analysis, it was found that gender, age, belonging to an ethno-linguistic group, and chronic diseases are not reliable factors associated with the development of COVID-19 participants. According to the results of a prospective study, a statistically significant difference between the responses of respondents who had and did not have COVID-19 was obtained with a positive answer to the question about the presence of pain and discomfort (p 0.05).
Gestión de las actividades turísticas en los municipios de Licey Almedio y Tamboril en su desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Acosta Guzmán José Alberto
Published: March 2021

El  crecimiento del turismo rural en  la República Dominicana  eminentemente turístico, cuya especialización en el denominado turismo de “sol y playa”  viene siendo hasta  este  momento prácticamente  en lo absoluto,  esto plantea importantes  desafíos en su gestión, particularmente en el área de marketing. Las características de esta  tipología  turística y la necesidad de  preservar y conservar  el  medio ambiente en el que se desarrolla, condicionan las acciones a llevar a cabo en este ámbito y exigen una adecuada  planeación que tenga en cuenta no sólo los beneficios derivados de esta actividad turística , sino también los  gastos  que genera. En este  trabajo  de investigación se analizan los factores a considerar a la hora de  implementar  acciones turísticas en el medio ambiente  rural (Licey –Tamboril) y la necesidad de evaluar los impactos, tanto positivos como negativos, que ello generaría en la zona. Asimismo, se  tratara el factor comunicación, por entender que su  rol  es básicamente el crecimiento sostenible del turismo rural. En esta investigación  se trataran cuestiones muy importantes para los munícipes de Licey Almedio y  Tamboril, los cuales, son colindantes, fundamentalmente por la carretea denominada DE LA PEÑA, tienen en común, un recurso natural de mucha importancia y esto lo representa el árbol de la Ceiba, el cual tiene más de mil años, representando el  recurso natural más antiguo de las Antillas.
La investigación en turismo activo: revisión bibliográfica (1975-2013)
Authors: Durán Sánchez Amador , Álvarez García José , Del Río Rama María de la Cruz
Published: March 2021

En los últimos años hemos asistido a un incremento del interés por el denominado “turismo activo” o “turismo de aventura”, interés que se ha reflejado en el aumento del número de artículos publicados tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Los objetivos del presente trabajo han sido examinar el estado actual de la investigación en ésta tipología de turismo y explorar las diferencias entre la producción científica publicada en revistas turísticas y no turísticas. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio bibliométrico de los artículos publicados en revistas en castellano indexadas en la base de datos bibliográfica ISOC del Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCSH) del consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), realizando una búsqueda avanzada de términos relacionados con el turismo activo o de aventura que ha dado lugar a un conjunto de 155 referencias, que abarcan el periodo comprendido entre los años 1975-2013.
Turismo cinematográfico: la conquista online de nuevos mercados
Authors: González Conde Alba , Araújo Vila Noelia , Rodríguez Campo Lorena
Published: March 2021

El turismo cinematográfico o movie-induced tourism es un nuevo tipo de turismo surgido a finales del siglo XX que, en muy poco tiempo se ha convertido en todo un fenómeno a nivel mundial. Las Film Commission junto con las Destination Management Organization (DMO) cuentan con herramientas como las rutas cinematográficas y los movie maps para atraer al máximo número de turistas posibles antes, durante y después de que un rodaje se haya realizado en su territorio. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es conocer el grado de implicación y eficacia comunicacional interactiva que las DMO tienen con respecto a la promoción del turismo cinematográfico. El instrumento empleado para lograr el objetivo propuesto se basa en el estudio de las páginas web de las distintas DMO europeas seleccionadas, mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido, considerando las características de usabilidad, funcionalidad e interactividad. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los sitios web analizados poseen una eficacia media o baja a la hora de transmitir una comunicación interactiva y un adecuado contenido de la información para el usuario, salvo Reino Unido, seguida de Suecia, Austria, España y Malta.
Análisis de los impactos socioculturales desde la perspectiva del residente que el turismo genera en el barrio de La Barceloneta, España
Authors: Alamilla Canto Carlos
Published: March 2021

El presente estudio se centra en las percepciones de los beneficios y costos socioculturales generados por el turismo que tienen los residentes locales de la Barceloneta, España. Un barrio pequeño y con una importante tradición marinera situado dentro de la ciudad de Barcelona, el cual, a partir de los juegos olímpicos de 1992 se vio sometido a una serie de grandes cambios urbanísticos, económicos y sociales. Uno de los factores que más ha contribuido a estas transformaciones en la comunidad local ha sido el desarrollo de la actividad turística, la cual, desde entonces, no ha dejado de crecer; Sin embargo, este aparente escenario favorable se ha visto contrastado por las diferentes manifestaciones del barrio en contra del turismo, el cual, inconforme con ciertos impactos negativos que se han ido presentando, exigen una mayor atención por parte del gobierno y cambios relevantes en la gestión turística. Reconociendo esta situación, la investigación, en su carácter exploratorio tuvo por objetivo identificar y analizar los beneficios y costos socioculturales percibidos por los residentes de la Barceloneta surgidos de su relación constante con el turismo. Basándose principalmente en métodos cuantitativos se realizó una encuesta a 104 residentes locales. Los resultados revelaron que el aumento del consumo de alcohol, del ruido y de la congestión de gente en los espacios públicos son percibidos como los costos más importantes; y que a su vez, los efectos positivos como el aumento de la actividad comercial y la conservación de la gastronomía típica figuran prudentemente entre los mejor valorados.
The Criticality of Evaluating Port Efficiency Modelling: A Case of 19 Sub Saharan African Ports for the period of 2008-2015
Authors: Osundiran Oluwatoyin Adeola , Okonta Felix , Quainoo Harry
Published: March 2021

The paper described the essence of evaluating port efficiency using the Data Envelopment Analysis Malmquist Production Index Model. The model was used to examine the drivers of efficiency of 19 Sub-Saharan African Ports for the period of 2008-2015. The importance of ports to the development of nations in Africa makes it expedient to evaluate how efficient ports in sub-Saharan Africa are and what are the drivers of efficiency. The result of the study indicated that the significant drivers of productivity in the ports examined are technical efficiency. A Port continuous improvement framework was developed to assist in improving port performance. The Port continuous improvement framework is essential because the improvement in the port will have a multiplier effect on all the maritime stakeholders and the economy at large.
ISO 31000-Based Risk Management and Balanced Scorecard to Improve Company Performance: A Case Study at Indonsian YNK Tour and Travel Company
Authors: Asmarawati Sandra Galuh , Pangeran Perminas
Published: March 2021

This research aims to conduct risk management assessments based on ISO 31000: 2018 and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to improve performance at YNK Tour and Travel Company in Indonesia. Data obtained through filling out questionnaires and interviews with the company's director. The identified tourism risks consist of 5 types of risk, including: financial risk, operational risk, environmental risk, competitive risk and economic risk. The result of this research is to produce a risk management design based on ISO 31000. This standard is effective for identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and handling risks assisted by the Balanced Scorecard as a guideline to reach company’s goals. If the companies combine both of the standards, it can improve not only company’s performance but also company’s objective can be achieved. Based on the risk management plan, it is expected to assist the company in coping and dealing with it by determining the best risk management options according to the company's capabilities so that it can improve company performance.
The Development of Android-Based Map Media on Indonesian Ethnic and Cultural Diversity
Authors: Mardatila Ana Pratiwi , Trisnaningsih Trisnaningsih , Pujiati Pujiati
Published: March 2021

Social studies learning in the revolutionary era 4.0 should use digital maps to visualize the conditions of the earth's surface so that students interpret social studies subject matter more clearly. This study aims to develop a map media product based on the android application "ethnic and cultural diversity". This type of research is research and development using the Borg and Gall model. The stages are (1) research and information gathering, (2) planning, (3) initial product development, and (4) preliminary testing. Collecting data in this study using a validation questionnaire of the feasibility of map media products based on android applications. Data analysis in this research is the feasibility analysis of map media products based on android applications. The result of this research is the development of map media based on android application material on ethnic and cultural diversity that is suitable for use in social studies subjects has been validated by experts and declared "feasible" to be used. The author suggests teachers use android-based map media development products for ethnic and cultural diversity in social studies subject for class VII SMP / MTs in order to answer the challenges of technology-based 21st century learning in the current era of industrial revolution 4.0
Legal Protection of Foundations of Land Ownership Which Is Named to the Management
Authors: Rarasati Tania Tasmaya , Susilo Hariyanto , Permadi Iwan
Published: March 2021

The purpose of conducting this research is to analyze and determine the status of land ownership by foundations whose initial ownership was before the enactment of the Law on Foundations on behalf of the foundation management. The research method used is a sociological juridical research. While the research approach used is a statutory approach, history, cases, and a philosophical approach. The results of the study show a tendency that the existence of a foundation which has historically originated from relying on colonial doctrine, jurisprudence, and regulations, makes the foundation's status as a legal entity does not appear firm. Thus, this has implications for the foundation's rights to manage and own the foundation's wealth and assets. The foundation's wealth and assets are actually important entities for the foundation in carrying out the foundation's activities in order to achieve the foundation's goals. The Law on Foundations only existed in 2002, which once stated that foundations were legal entities engaged in social, religious and humanitarian fields. The positive impact that arises after the promulgation of regulations on foundations is that it makes it easier for foundations to take legal actions, especially in terms of managing the foundation's assets. However, in its development, law must be able to support the sociological development of the legal subject itself. The Law on Foundations is not sufficiently capable of providing legal protection for foundations related to ownership of land rights by foundations. Although under transitional provisions, it has been mandatory for foundations within a certain period of time to adjust the Foundation's Articles of Association and Bylaws with the new law. However, there are no articles that specifically regulate how the transfer of ownership status of foundation assets from before the enactment of the Law on Foundations until after the enactment of the Law on Foundations. So, this research leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to include articles in the Law on Foundations that regulate the ownership status of foundation assets and their transfers.
Examining the Anecdotes of Tha’labī's Book "Qatla al-Qur'an" from Propp's Morphological Perspective
Authors: Mohammadiyeh Zahra Ebrahimi , Ali Ayazi Seyyed Mohammad , Nekoonam Ja’far
Published: March 2021

One way of examining fiction texts in literature is to analyze the structure of anecdotes from Vladimir Propp's morphological point of view. For fairy tales, Propp has defined functions that are applicable to a variety of other tales and stories. The book "Qatla al-Qur'an" by Abu Isḥāq al-Tha’labī is a collection of anecdotes, all of which have a common point and they are all about the stories of those who lost their lives after hearing a verse or verses from the divine book. Examining the narrative structure of these short stories reveals the hidden relationships between the anecdotes in their infrastructure and reveals the structure and form of the stories better. In this article, this attractive Tha’labī’s work has been analyzed from a morphological point of view by descriptive-analytical method. As a result, the introductory works and the climax of the story, which usually marks the end of it, are the most important design of Tha’labī for creating a single and uniform structure in the anecdotes of this book.
The Concept of “Defense” in the Holy Qur’an and Hadith
Authors: Ghotbi Soraya
Published: March 2021

This work is an attempt to identify the concept of "defense" in the Qur’an and hadith and to review its postural, secular and Islamic meaning. Based on the descriptive-analytic method, it proves that the term of defense in the Qur’an and traditions has the basic meanings of distance, keeping out and preventing and in other senses, the main semantic core has been kept and holds a close semantic resemblance to the words such as hinder, rejection and restrain. The term of defense in Islam's perspective has a natural origin, including various aspects such as religion, celestial book, reputation, life, property, and family. Consequently, concerning the semantic core of the term of defense and lack of change in the primary meaning in the exemplary properties and semantic descriptions, it encompasses broad features such as beliefs, privacy, Islamic territories, insensible attacks, and the soft war.
Prolonged Laboratory Maintenance of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites in Co-cultivation with the Bovine Theileria annulata-Infected Lymphoblastoids
Authors: Nasiri Vahid
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: In most of the studies, Toxoplasma gondii is maintained in laboratory mice or studied in vitro using non-lymphoid cell lines or primary mouse macrophages. The target of our research was to design a new axenic culture of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites to providing a sufficient quantity of them.
Material and Methods: Theileria annulata-infected lymphoblastoids, which had been maintained up to 260 sub-cultures to attenuate the Theileria annulata, were evaluated for their suitability to the cultivation of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. This cultivation process was carried out continuously for up to 10 passages, and after each 5 sub-culture, 0.1 ml of culture suspension (1×106 tachyzoites) was inoculated to each BALB/c mouse.
Results: It was observed that the tachyzoites have attacked the lympho blastoids, multiplied inside them, and many fresh tachyzoites with typical shape and gliding movement were present in the culture suspension. In all processes of cultivation, the pathogenesis of parasites remained stable, and they were able to proliferate in mice and eventually lead to the death of the animals.
Conclusions: We describe here a new protocol for prolonged maintenance of tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii, which is more efficient (both in terms of yield and cost (it does not need fetal calf serum)) than other traditional methods for maintenance of the parasite.
Molecular Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus in Semen of infertile Men in Tehran
Authors: Moradi Maryam , Moochani Somayeh Sadat , Yamini Nazila , Javanmard Davod , Marjani Arezoo , Tabibzadeh Alireza , Tavakoli Ahmad , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can induce latency and evade the immune system. The latent virus can reactive later in older ages and due to immunosuppressive conditions. Sexually transmitted diseases and viruses can influence the male reproductive system, and members of the Herpesviridae family are one of these important viruses. Regarding the importance of herpesviruses, specially HCMV, this research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HCMV in semen samples of infertile men.
Materials and Methods: Semen samples were collected from infertility centers affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. The chromatin state was assessed by DNA fragmentation index. Nucleic acids were extracted from the semen specimens, and a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to detect HCMV DNA.
Results: Enrolled patients were 82 infertile men. The mean age of participants was 37.3 ± 6.1 years, and the mean motility and DNA fragmentation index of the samples were 33.6 ± 2 % and 27.2 ± 1.2, respectively. The prevalence of HCMV was 11%, and there was no statistically significant difference between HCMV and sperm parameters except the motility.
Conclusions: HCMV infection could be important in sperm motility, and HCMV prevalence in infertile patients was 11%. Further investigations in this field can be helpful for a clear result in the future.
Application of Distribution-Delay Models to Estimating the Hospitalized Mortality Rate of Covid-19 According to Delay Effect of Hospitalizations Counts
Authors: Rastaghi Sedighe , Akbari Shark Noushin , Saki Azadeh
Published: March 2021

Introduction:The COVID-19 infectious epidemic has become a serious worry all over the world, including Iran. The high outbreak of disease ranked Iran as second in Asia and 11th in the world. Given the growing progress of this epidemic in infecting and killing individuals, it is essential to forecast the delay effect of the number of hospitalized upon the hospitalized mortality rate.
Methods: In this study, we used the daily Hospitalization cases of COVID-19 of IRAN for the period of 15-May 2020 to 5-Oct 2020 which were obtained from the online database. Five distribution delay models were compared for estimating and forecasting. Results: Based on measurement errors DDM selected as the best model for forecasting the number of death. According to this model, the long-run effects show that observing the effect of hospitalization counts on death counts takes an average of five days and the long-run hospitalized mortality rate was 12%.
Conclusion: The overall hospitalized mortality rate of COVID-19 in Iran is less than the global rate of 15%. The mean of delay effect of daily hospitalization on mortality is approximately 5 days. Our findings showed distributed delay model (DDM) has better performance in the forecasting of the future behavior of the Coronavirus mortality, and providing to government and health care decision- makers the possibility to predict the outcomes of their decision on public health.
The Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Celiac Disease among Patientswith Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Zanjan Province, Iran
Authors: Neishaboori Hassan , Sabet Somaye Abdollahi , Moharrami Yeganeh Pegah , Azimi Pirsaraei Seyede Vanoushe
Published: March 2021

Background: There are some overlaps between celiac disease and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms (IBS). It can lead to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of celiac disease. In some guidelines, it is recommended to screen for celiac in IBS cases. For assessment of the necessity for such diagnostic approaches in patients, this study was done to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of celiac disease among IBS cases in Zanjan, Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 121 cases with IBS attending to gastroenterology clinics since 2015 to 2018 were enrolled. The laboratory tests and upper digestive endoscopy were performed for all patients. Endoscopic biopsy specimens were taken from the duodenum, and the samples were examined to confirm diagnosis of celiac disease. Data analysis was done by SPSS software.
Results: Of 121 studied patients, 51.2% were male. The mean age of the patients was 36.65 ± 10.09 years old. The most common IBS subtype was mixed (80.2%). According to the serology results and Marsh grading, 4.1% and 1.6% had celiac disease and potential celiac disease, respectively. There were statistically significant differences among celiac disease in gastroesophageal reflux disease and abdominal discomfort/cramping.
Conclusion: The incidence of celiac disease was evaluated 4.1 cases per each 100 patients with IBS, which was higher than recent similar studies, and screening for celiac disease in these patients is advisable. However, further studies with larger sample size are required to attain more definite results.
Estimation of the Distribution of Duration of Breastfeeding from Cross-Sectional Data: Some Methodological Issue
Authors: Kumar Anup , Kumar Sachin , Kishun Jai , Singh Uttam , . Pushpraj
Published: March 2021

Background: Duration of breastfeeding is an important health indicator of mother and child. There are various indirect epidemiological methods available to estimate the duration of breastfeeding from cross sectional data.
Objective: To estimate the distribution of duration of breastfeeding at national level cross sectional data and compare various available technique. The impact of the sampling frame (ascertain of the individual understudy) is also evaluated.
Method: National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV) data is used. Duration of breastfeeding of only those children who were born before 60 months from survey date were included in the study. The technique of Current Status Data, Life Table Analysis, and Kaplan Meier (KM) estimator is applied to assess the distribution of duration of breastfeeding.
Result: The mean estimate is 32.84, 33.14 and 33.64 months by Kaplan Maier Estimator, Current Status Data and Life Table Analysis respectively. The Current Status and Life Table method are better than Kaplan Meier Estimator as it is doesn’t based on recall data and heaping present in the data.
Conclusion: One must be very cautions while estimating the various epidemiological parameters from cross section data set. The assumptions of the methodology as per data available should be evaluate. If such data is not available, the available methodology may be modified. Regression analysis based on Current Status data technique may be used to assess the impact of various clinical and epidemiological factors (such as nutrition of mother, health status of mother etc.) on duration of breastfeeding
Basic concepts of PVT collector technologies, applications and markets
Authors: Lämmle Manuel , Herrando María , Ryan Glen
Published: March 2021

Report D5: The aim of this report is to provide a summary of the current state of the PVT collector technologies, applications, and markets. The contents of this report have been used to update and enhance a Wikipedia article on PVT in order to better inform on PVT a wide audience. Therefore, the main structure and some literal fragments of the current Wikipedia are reused. Instead of citing the literal fragments of the old Wikipedia article in the main text, we included the old article in appendix and marked the fragments that were reused.
The Implemention of Preventive Drug Education Program Among Public and Private School
Authors: YOSA JEFFREY , AGUAVIVA NECKCRIS , MONTEHERMOSO JOSHUA PENNY , NITUDA ROAN MICHEAL , ACABO JISSREL
Published: March 2021

The program caters to public and private schools’ needs regarding implementing the preventive drug education program in curriculum and instruction, intervention program and services, learning and development activities, advocacy campaigns, evaluation, and research. The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of implementation of drug education programs among public and private secondary schools in Nasipit Agusan Del Norte. The researchers used a descriptive design comprising the survey method to collect relevant information for the study. Based on the finding, there is no significant difference in the level of implementation of preventive drug education program between public and private secondary schools in Nasipit Agusan del Norte, which were the following; curriculum and instructions, intervention program and services, learning and development activities, advocacy campaigns, and monitoring evaluation and research. The researchers would like to recommend that the public and private secondary schools continue implementing the preventive drug education program in Nasipit Agusan del Norte. Moreover, all personnel in-charge in the drug education program will attend any drug symposium and activities to have proper training: curriculum and Instruction.