bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privacy Practices of Health Information Technologies: Privacy Policy Risk Assessment Study and Proposed Guidelines
Authors: LaMonica Haley M , Roberts Anna E , Lee Grace Yeeun , Davenport Tracey A , Hickie Ian B
Published: September 2021

Background

Along with the proliferation of health information technologies (HITs), there is a growing need to understand the potential privacy risks associated with using such tools. Although privacy policies are designed to inform consumers, such policies have consistently been found to be confusing and lack transparency.

Objective

This study aims to present consumer preferences for accessing privacy information; develop and apply a privacy policy risk assessment tool to assess whether existing HITs meet the recommended privacy policy standards; and propose guidelines to assist health professionals and service providers with understanding the privacy risks associated with HITs, so that they can confidently promote their safe use as a part of care.

Methods

In phase 1, participatory design workshops were conducted with young people who were attending a participating headspace center, their supportive others, and health professionals and service providers from the centers. The findings were knowledge translated to determine participant preferences for the presentation and availability of privacy information and the functionality required to support its delivery. Phase 2 included the development of the 23-item privacy policy risk assessment tool, which incorporated material from international privacy literature and standards. This tool was then used to assess the privacy policies of 34 apps and e-tools. In phase 3, privacy guidelines, which were derived from learnings from a collaborative consultation process with key stakeholders, were developed to assist health professionals and service providers with understanding the privacy risks associated with incorporating HITs as a part of clinical care.

Results

When considering the use of HITs, the participatory design workshop participants indicated that they wanted privacy information to be easily accessible, transparent, and user-friendly to enable them to clearly understand what personal and health information will be collected and how these data will be shared and stored. The privacy policy review revealed consistently poor readability and transparency, which limited the utility of these documents as a source of information. Therefore, to enable informed consent, the privacy guidelines provided ensure that health professionals and consumers are fully aware of the potential for privacy risks in using HITs to support health and well-being.

Conclusions

A lack of transparency in privacy policies has the potential to undermine consumers’ ability to trust that the necessary measures are in place to secure and protect the privacy of their personal and health information, thus precluding their willingness to engage with HITs. The application of the privacy guidelines will improve the confidence of health professionals and service providers in the privacy of consumer data, thus enabling them to recommend HITs to provide or support care.
A Smartphone-Based App to Improve Adjuvant Treatment Adherence to Multidisciplinary Decisions in Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Observational Study
Authors: Yu Jing , Wu Jiayi , Huang Ou , Chen Xiaosong , Shen Kunwei
Published: September 2021

Background

Multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) and adjuvant therapy are associated with improved survival rates in breast cancer. However, nonadherence to MDT decisions is common in patients. We developed a smartphone-based app that can facilitate the full-course management of patients after surgery.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the influence factors of treatment nonadherence and to determine whether this smartphone-based app can improve the compliance rate with MDTs.

Methods

Patients who had received a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer and had undergone MDT between March 2013 and May 2019 were included. Patients were classified into 3 groups: Pre-App cohort (November 2017, before the launch of the app); App nonused, cohort (after November 2017 but not using the app); and App used cohort (after November 2017 and using the app). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors related to MDT adherence. Compliance with specific adjuvant treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapy, was also evaluated.

Results

A total of 4475 patients were included, with Pre-App, App nonused, and App used cohorts comprising 2966 (66.28%), 861 (19.24%), and 648 (14.48%) patients, respectively. Overall, 15.53% (695/4475) patients did not receive MDT recommendations; the noncompliance rate ranged from 27.4% (75/273) in 2013 to 8.8% (44/500) in 2019. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that app use was independently associated with adherence to adjuvant treatment. Compared with the patients in the Pre-App cohort, patients in the App used cohort were less likely to deviate from MDT recommendations (odds ratio [OR] 0.61, 95% CI 0.43-0.87; P=.007); no significant difference was found in the App nonused cohort (P=.77). Moreover, app use decreased the noncompliance rate for adjuvant chemotherapy (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27-0.65; P<.001) and radiotherapy (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25-0.96; P=.04), but not for anti-HER2 therapy (P=.76) or endocrine therapy (P=.39).

Conclusions

This smartphone-based app can increase MDT adherence in patients undergoing adjuvant therapy; this was more obvious for adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Models Predicting Hospital Admission of Adult Patients Utilizing Prehospital Data: Systematic Review Using PROBAST and CHARMS
Authors: Monahan Ann Corneille , Feldman Sue S
Published: September 2021

Background

Emergency department boarding and hospital exit block are primary causes of emergency department crowding and have been conclusively associated with poor patient outcomes and major threats to patient safety. Boarding occurs when a patient is delayed or blocked from transitioning out of the emergency department because of dysfunctional transition or bed assignment processes. Predictive models for estimating the probability of an occurrence of this type could be useful in reducing or preventing emergency department boarding and hospital exit block, to reduce emergency department crowding.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify and appraise the predictive performance, predictor utility, model application, and model utility of hospital admission prediction models that utilized prehospital, adult patient data and aimed to address emergency department crowding.

Methods

We searched multiple databases for studies, from inception to September 30, 2019, that evaluated models predicting adult patients’ imminent hospital admission, with prehospital patient data and regression analysis. We used PROBAST (Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool) and CHARMS (Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies) to critically assess studies.

Results

Potential biases were found in most studies, which suggested that each model’s predictive performance required further investigation. We found that select prehospital patient data contribute to the identification of patients requiring hospital admission. Biomarker predictors may add superior value and advantages to models. It is, however, important to note that no models had been integrated with an information system or workflow, operated independently as electronic devices, or operated in real time within the care environment. Several models could be used at the site-of-care in real time without digital devices, which would make them suitable for low-technology or no-electricity environments.

Conclusions

There is incredible potential for prehospital admission prediction models to improve patient care and hospital operations. Patient data can be utilized to act as predictors and as data-driven, actionable tools to identify patients likely to require imminent hospital admission and reduce patient boarding and crowding in emergency departments. Prediction models can be used to justify earlier patient admission and care, to lower morbidity and mortality, and models that utilize biomarker predictors offer additional advantages.
The Communicating Narrative Concerns Entered by Registered Nurses (CONCERN) Clinical Decision Support Early Warning System: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Authors: Rossetti Sarah Collins , Dykes Patricia C , Knaplund Christopher , Kang Min-Jeoung , Schnock Kumiko , Garcia Jr Jose Pedro , Fu Li-Heng , Chang Frank , Thai Tien , Fred Matthew , Korach Tom Z , Zhou Li , Klann Jeffrey G , Albers David , Schwartz Jessica , Lowenthal Graham , Jia Haomiao , Liu Fang , Cato Kenrick
Published: September 2021

Background

Every year, hundreds of thousands of inpatients die from cardiac arrest and sepsis, which could be avoided if those patients’ risk for deterioration were detected and timely interventions were initiated. Thus, a system is needed to convert real-time, raw patient data into consumable information that clinicians can utilize to identify patients at risk of deterioration and thus prevent mortality and improve patient health outcomes. The overarching goal of the COmmunicating Narrative Concerns Entered by Registered Nurses (CONCERN) study is to implement and evaluate an early warning score system that provides clinical decision support (CDS) in electronic health record systems. With a combination of machine learning and natural language processing, the CONCERN CDS utilizes nursing documentation patterns as indicators of nurses’ increased surveillance to predict when patients are at the risk of clinical deterioration.

Objective

The objective of this cluster randomized pragmatic clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of the CONCERN CDS system at 2 different study sites. The specific aim is to decrease hospitalized patients’ negative health outcomes (in-hospital mortality, length of stay, cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit transfers, and 30-day hospital readmission rates).

Methods

A multiple time-series intervention consisting of 3 phases will be performed through a 1-year period during the cluster randomized pragmatic clinical trial. Phase 1 evaluates the adoption of our algorithm through pilot and trial testing, phase 2 activates optimized versions of the CONCERN CDS based on experience from phase 1, and phase 3 will be a silent release mode where no CDS is viewable to the end user. The intervention deals with a series of processes from system release to evaluation. The system release includes CONCERN CDS implementation and user training. Then, a mixed methods approach will be used with end users to assess the system and clinician perspectives.

Results

Data collection and analysis are expected to conclude by August 2022. Based on our previous work on CONCERN, we expect the system to have a positive impact on the mortality rate and length of stay.

Conclusions

The CONCERN CDS will increase team-based situational awareness and shared understanding of patients predicted to be at risk for clinical deterioration in need of intervention to prevent mortality and associated harm.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03911687; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03911687

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/30238
Running an Internet Hospital in China: Perspective Based on a Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhi Lihua , Yin Pei , Ren Jingjing , Wei Guoqing , Zhou Jun , Wu Jun , Shen Qun
Published: September 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Internet hospitals, as a new forum for doctors to conduct diagnosis and treatment activities based on the internet, are emerging in China and have become integral to the development of the medical field in conjunction with increasing reforms and policies in China’s medical and health system. Here, we take the Internet Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University (FAHZU Internet Hospital) as an example to discuss the operations and functional positioning of developing internet hospital medical services in relation to physical hospitals. This viewpoint considers the platform operation, management, and network security of FAHZU Internet Hospital, and summarizes the advantages and limitations in the operation to provide a reference for other areas with interest in developing internet hospitals.
The Association Between Preoperative Patient-Reported Health Status and Postoperative Survey Completion Following Arthroplasty: Registry-Based Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Harris Ian A , Peng Yi , Ackerman Ilana , Graves Stephen E
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used to report outcomes after hip and knee arthroplasty, but response rates are rarely complete. Given that preoperative health status (as measured by PROMs) is a strong predictor of outcomes (using the same measures) and that these outcomes may influence the response rate, it is possible that postoperative response rates (the proportion of patients providing preoperative PROMs who also provide postoperative PROMs) may be influenced by preoperative health status.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to test the association between preoperative PROMs and postoperative response status following hip and knee arthroplasty.

METHODS

Data from the PROMs program of the Australian national joint registry were used. The preoperative PROMs were the Oxford Hip Score or Oxford Knee Score, The EQ-5D Utility Index, and the EQ visual analog scale (VAS) for overall health. Logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System, was used to test the association between each preoperative PROM and response status for the 6-month postsurgery survey.

RESULTS

Data from 9499 and 16,539 patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis, respectively, were included in the analysis. Adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and ASA, there was no significant difference in response status at the postoperative follow-up based on the preoperative Oxford Hip or Knee Scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01 for both; P=.70 for THA and P=.85 for TKA). Healthier patients (based on the EQ VAS scores) preoperatively were more likely to respond postoperatively, but this difference was negligible (OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.01 for THA and TKA; P=.004 for THA and P<.001 for TKA). The preoperative EQ Utility Index was not associated with the postoperative response rate for THA (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.96-1.36; P=.13) or TKA patients (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.91-1.22; P=.49).

CONCLUSIONS

The likelihood of responding to a postoperative PROMs survey for patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty was not associated with clinically important differences in preoperative patient-reported joint pain, function, or health-related quality of life. This suggests that the assessment of postoperative outcomes in hip and knee arthroplasty is not biased by differences in preoperative health measures between responders and nonresponders.
Inertial Measurement Units and Application for Remote Health Care in Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Narrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Rose Michael J. , Costello Kerry E , Eigenbrot Samantha , Torabian Kaveh , Kumar Deepak
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Measuring and modifying movement-related joint loading is integral to the management of lower extremity osteoarthritis (OA). Although traditional approaches rely on measurements made within the laboratory or clinical environments, inertial sensors provide an opportunity to quantify these outcomes in patients’ natural environments, providing greater ecological validity and opportunities to develop large data sets of movement data for the development of OA interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This narrative review aimed to discuss and summarize recent developments in the use of inertial sensors for assessing movement during daily activities in individuals with hip and knee OA and to identify how this may translate to improved remote health care for this population.

METHODS

A literature search was performed in November 2018 and repeated in July 2019 and March 2021 using the PubMed and Embase databases for publications on inertial sensors in hip and knee OA published in English within the previous 5 years. The search terms encompassed both OA and wearable sensors. Duplicate studies, systematic reviews, conference abstracts, and study protocols were also excluded. One reviewer screened the search result titles by removing irrelevant studies, and 2 reviewers screened study abstracts to identify studies using inertial sensors as the main sensing technology and a primary outcome related to movement quality. In addition, after the March 2021 search, 2 reviewers rescreened all previously included studies to confirm their relevance to this review.

RESULTS

From the search process, 43 studies were determined to be relevant and subsequently included in this review. Inertial sensors have been successfully implemented for assessing the presence and severity of OA (n=11), assessing disease progression risk and providing feedback for gait retraining (n=7), and remotely monitoring intervention outcomes and identifying potential responders and nonresponders to interventions (n=14). In addition, studies have validated the use of inertial sensors for these applications (n=8) and analyzed the optimal sensor placement combinations and data input analysis for measuring different metrics of interest (n=3). These studies show promise for remote health care monitoring and intervention delivery in hip and knee OA, but many studies have focused on walking rather than a range of activities of daily living and have been performed in small samples (<100 participants) and in a laboratory rather than in a real-world environment.

CONCLUSIONS

Inertial sensors show promise for remote monitoring, risk assessment, and intervention delivery in individuals with hip and knee OA. Future opportunities remain to validate these sensors in real-world settings across a range of activities of daily living and to optimize sensor placement and data analysis approaches.
Off-label antipsychotic use patterns among Texas Medicaid adults 2013–2016
Authors: Chen Shuang , Barner Jamie C , Cho Eun
Published: September 2021

Aim:
To describe trends in off-label antipsychotic use among Texas Medicaid adults and examine whether demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with off-label use.
Methods:
Three diagnostic groups (i.e. no diagnosis, on label and off-label) were created based on mental health disorder diagnoses and related antipsychotic prescriptions.
Results:
During 2013–2016, the prevalence of off-label antipsychotic use decreased from 22.5% to 17.4% and the proportions of no mental health diagnosis remained stable (7.3–9.4%). Patients aged ≥25 years and second-generation antipsychotic users had significantly lower odds of receiving antipsychotics off-label or with no diagnosis.
Conclusion:
Compared with previous Medicaid database studies, the proportions of off-label antipsychotic use and antipsychotic use with no concurrent psychiatric diagnosis were notably lower.
Study on Influence of Use of Waste Cooking and Engine Oil on the Properties of Bituminous Concrete
Authors: Beigh Mohd Ovais
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Bitumen is defined as a gelatinous viscid mixture of hydrocarbons attained naturally or as a residue from petroleum refinement which is used for pavement materialization and roofing. Bitumen is employed as a binder for flexible pavements throughout the globe. Though bitumen is non-hazardous under normal conditions but when heated it becomes toxic and has consequences of environmental degradation. Also, bitumen being a product of non-renewable source of energy i.e. petroleum will led to depletion of petroleum reserves. It is a key challenge in highway industry to scale back the dependence on fossil fuels & to recycle the highway waste. The asphalt industry is undoubtedly a sector that contains a sustainable environmental impact, one amongst the main component being binder, bitumen, which is produced from petroleum. Bitumen generation results in enormous amounts of carbon dioxide emission which causes hazardous environmental impact. This research work is about the employment of waste oils as the alternative binders. The waste oils employed are waste cooking and waste engine oil. These are studied and analyzed as a step towards sustainable environment. This project work will provide an alternative or modified binder as well as will serve with the better way for safe disposal of waste oils generated. Thus, this project is beneficial concerning both the environmental aspects of alternative binder and safe disposal of waste oils. Keywords: Pavements, Bitumen, Engine Oil, Cooking Oil, Addition Percentage, Highway Industry.
Developing bacterial set box media containing fiqh al biah for Islamic senior high school
Authors: Saniyyah Uswatul Wadhichatis , Hayati Nur , Hidayat Saifullah
Published: September 2021

The limitations of bacterial visualization media make bacteria consider as abstract and difficult material to study. Furthermore, the implementation of bacteria material and the integration of Islamic values are difficult to teach. This research aimed at developing and validating the BSB (Bacterial Set Box) media containing fiqh al biah. The method used in this research was R&D (Research and Development) with 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) by Thiagarajan et al. The media developed was three dimensions (3D), which was packed up in a box which contained three packages. The first box was bacterial visualization; the second box was bacterial classification; the third box was 3D box containing fiqh al biah. The field test was carried out in Al Azhar Islamic Public School 16 and MA Nurussalam Semarang. The results showed that the validation percentages were 94% (material expert), 79% (media expert), 96% (integration expert), 92% (biology teacher of Al Azhar Islamic Public School 16), and 86% (biology teacher of MA Nurussalam). A pilot scale test and a large-scale test showed very feasible. It can be concluded that BSB media containing fiqh al biah is very feasible to use.
Critical and analytical thinking skill in ecology learning: A correlational study
Authors: Mayarni M. , Nopiyanti Eva
Published: September 2021

Critical and analytical thinking skills are included in higher-order thinking skills which become the focus of educational goals in recent era. This study aimed to determine the relationship between critical and analytical thinking skills in ecology learning at senior high school in East Jakarta. This research was conducted from March to June 2020. The research method used was descriptive correlational with associative research. This study involved 180 students. As many as 52 students were selected as research participants using cluster random sampling. The data were collected using a critical and analysis thinking rubric which was integrated to essay questions. The data analysis technique used was simple linear regression. The results indicates that there is significant correlation between students’ critical and analytical thinking skill (r = 0.812, r2 = 0.659, N = 52). In addition, students’ analytical thinking skill could be predicted using the regression equation y = 5.41 + 0.91x which means that it gives a positive effect to students’ critical thinking skills. The contribution of critical thinking skills with analytical thinking skills was 65.9%.
HOTS assessment in circulatory system learning: Validity, reliability, and item quality
Authors: Rahmi Yosi Laila , Habibah Isnaini Nur , Zulyusri Z. , Darussyamsu Rahmawati
Published: September 2021

Biology learning, based on the curriculum-2013, requires students to be skilled at analyzing, evaluating, and creating to achieve Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Thus, HOTS assessment instrument is crucial to be made. This study aimed to produce HOTS assessment instrument focused on circulatory system materials for XI graders. This research was conducted by using Research and Development (R&D) method with 4-D model. The subjects of this study were: two biology lecturers from Faculty of Mathematics and Science of Universitas Negeri Padang, two biology teachers, and 33 XI graders of Public Senior High School 1 Nan Sabaris. The data were collected using questionnaires which were validated by experts and analyzed using ANATES 4.09. The validity results reached as high as 87.54% (very valid) in which the empirical validity value was 88%. Meanwhile, the instrument was stated as very reliable (0.78), has a moderate difficulty, good differentiating power, and excellent option quality. Thus, as the recommendation, this instrument can be used to foster students’ HOTS.
Misconceptions of biology education students in Biochemistry Course during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wahyono Poncojari , Susetyorini Eko
Published: September 2021

Misconception is one of the main problems in biology education which has the potential to increase when course is packaged in a e-learning. This study aimed to map the level of the biochemistry concept accuracy of students who take online biochemistry lectures. This quantitative research involved Biology Education students, FKIP UMM as research subjects. Online lectures were conducted for ten meetings using ELMU UMM. At the 11st meeting, a concept accuracy test was carried out. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result, 64% of students have a low level of concept accuracy, 14% moderate, and 0% good. Therefore, online learning packaging needs to be optimized so that the percentage accuracy of the biochemical concepts of students is maximized.
La eterna pelea por saber mirar
Authors: Ponce de León Facundo
Published: September 2021

Cada vez hay más imágenes captadas por una cámara de televisión, de teléfono celular, de fotos, de video. Todo se ve mediado por la pantalla. Empezamos el siglo mirando deuna manera nueva y la televisión es la gran responsable. ¿Cómo vemos hoy? ¿Qué vemos? ¿Todos los programas de televisión funcionan de la misma manera?
Perspectivas de gobernanza en Internet
Authors: Aguerre Carolina
Published: September 2021

Este artículo se propone hacer un recorrido por el Internet Governance Forum (IGF), actualmente el ámbito más importante de debate mundial sobre Internet. La idea es recorrerlo desde la figura del mosaico que permite abordar un tema de esta magnitud desde múltiples perspectivas, ya que la delimitación de una forma precisa para evaluar el impacto de un evento de estas características no sólo puede resultar soberbio, sino también muy parcial. Reseña del foro de Gobernanza de Internet.
"Es clave tener un equipo que te supere en cada área y se comprometa con el proyecto". Entrevista a María Mónica del Campo
Authors: Gómez Balarini Matías
Published: September 2021

En su experiencia como directora de Universia, Mónica del Campo verificó la importancia de tener un equipo que rodee a quien dirige para lograr el éxito del proyecto. Lo más importante, afirma del Campo, es tener un equipo que “te supere en cada área”, en el que cada miembro del equipo sea el más competente en lo suyo.
Jugar en los jardines en miniatura
Authors: Frasca Gonzalo
Published: September 2021

Entre las hojas de Ginko de un jardín japonés. Una lección sobre las simulaciones.
Self-testing of a single quantum device under computational assumptions
Authors: Metger Tony , Vidick Thomas
Published: September 2021

Self-testing is a method to characterise an arbitrary quantum system based only on its classical input-output correlations, and plays an important role in device-independent quantum information processing as well as quantum complexity theory. Prior works on self-testing require the assumption that the system's state is shared among multiple parties that only perform local measurements and cannot communicate. Here, we replace the setting of multiple non-communicating parties, which is difficult to enforce in practice, by a single computationally bounded party. Specifically, we construct a protocol that allows a classical verifier to robustly certify that a single computationally bounded quantum device must have prepared a Bell pair and performed single-qubit measurements on it, up to a change of basis applied to both the device's state and measurements. This means that under computational assumptions, the verifier is able to certify the presence of entanglement, a property usually closely associated with two separated subsystems, inside a single quantum device. To achieve this, we build on techniques first introduced by Brakerski et al. (2018) and Mahadev (2018) which allow a classical verifier to constrain the actions of a quantum device assuming the device does not break post-quantum cryptography.
PERAN TOKOH MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGATASI PRAKTIK MAGI HITAM DI SIMEULUE
Authors: Amin Husna
Published: September 2021

Black Magi is a practice that uses supernatural powers for nefarious purposes. The practice of Black Magi is usually directed at others for various reasons, such as feelings of revenge, hate or for failing to have a girl, or simply testing the power of Black Magi science that a person who practices it has. The practice of Black Magi is usually intended to harm others, both physically and mentally. If a person is exposed to Black Magi, it can suddenly go crazy, the stomach enlarges, even until the body blisters, until it emits a foul smell and blood. The disease if it has been hit is difficult to cure. Diseases that are unpretentiously created by using the devil as a source of strength, it is very difficult to cure, so many are sick to chronic, even to death. The phenomenon of Black Magi practice is still found in Central Simeulue Subdistrict, Simeulue Regency, especially in Luan Sorip, Lauke, and Situfa Jaya Villages. the author is interested in further reviewing this. The study tries to explore how public figures view the practice of Black Magi and what efforts have been made to address it. This study is the result of field research using phenomenological approach. The data was obtained by direct observation and in-depth interviews with several community leaders, especially the victims' families. The results of this study are expected to find solutive alternatives that can be offered to the public, so that the Black Magi can at least be bridged, if it can not be eliminated.
KONSEP TUHAN DALAM AGAMA KRISTEN (KAJIAN BUKU SEJARAH TUHAN KAREN ARMSTRONG)
Authors: Juwaini Juwaini
Published: September 2021

Talking about God has always been a topic of conversation among theologians. Karen Armstrong as a theologian tries to explain the existence of God. Her book entitled The History of God, Karen Armstrong describes in detail the existence of God in the history of human life. The book tells about Karen Armstrong's hesitation in finding the essence of the Trinity in the concept of Christian divinity. Karen Armstrong went through several phases in her skepticism to reach the essence of God in her faith. This paper will discuss Karen Armstrong's view of the Concept of God in Christian Religion using descriptive analysis of the book History of God. The results of the study show that in Christianity the concept of divinity exists in the Trinity, namely God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit. Where Jesus Christ is considered as God because it is believed that Jesus is the Word who became human. The strengths and weaknesses of the Trinity in Christianity that are not understood by everyone. The history book about God examines the history of human perceptions and experiences of God from the time of Prophet Abraham to the present. Karen Armstrong explains in detail the three monotheistic religions, namely Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The book also features Buddhist, Hindu and Confucian traditions. For Karen Armstrong Religion is not about believing in something. Religion is a matter of morals, behaving in ways that change oneself, bringing oneself closer to the holy and sacred.
Adenocarcinoma de yeyuno proximal: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Muñoz Cedeño Ruben  Gustavo , Martinez Ballesteros Priscila Elizabeth , Paullan Sani Viviana , Ricaurte Enríquez Michelle Carolina , Rodríguez Chica Gema Nathalye
Published: September 2021

El adenocarcinoma de yeyuno es el tumor primario del intestino delgado más infrecuente y raro, y representa el 3 % de todos los cánceres gastrointestinales, con una incidencia anual estimada de 0,3 a 2 casos por cada 100 000 personas. En Estados Unidos y España representa el 0,4 % de los cánceres gastrointestinales y el 0,2 % de las muertes asociadas a malignidad, con síntomas inespecíficos como anemia de etiología inexplicable, dolor abdominal y pérdida de peso; la mayoría de ellos son diagnosticados en etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad. A continuación, se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 46 años con síntomas inespecíficos, pérdida de peso, dolor abdominal y vómito, cuya tomografía abdominal computarizada evidenció el sitio y extensión de la lesión neoplásica, mientras que la cápsula endoscopia y enteroscopia mostró una lesión neoplásica en el yeyuno proximal. La histopatología reportó un adenocarcinoma de yeyuno moderadamente diferenciado que presentó resultados favorables gracias a la resección quirúrgica curativa, lo cual mejoró el pronóstico de vida a 5 años y tuvo un seguimiento favorable hasta la actualidad.
Factores de riesgo para cáncer gástrico: ¿cuál es su papel?
Authors: Oliveros Wilches Ricardo , Facundo Navia Helena , Bonilla Castañeda Ana Deise , Pinilla Morales Raúl Eduardo
Published: September 2021

El proceso de la carcinogénesis gástrica es multifactorial y secuencial. No lo comprendemos completamente,pero conocemos la historia natural de la enfermedad descrita por el Dr. Pelayo-Correa y también la existencia de múltiples factores de riesgo. La identificación de estos factores que participan en cada paso y el manejo apropiado de los mismos podría ayudar a reducir la incidencia del cáncer gástrico (CG). Probablemente, la infección por Helicobacter pylori (HP) es el factor de riesgo más conocido y discutido; sin embargo, existen otros factores como los relacionados con el estilo de vida, tipo de dieta, historia familiar de cáncer, entre otros, que también participan en el desarrollo e incidencia de este tipo de cáncer y tienen una amplia ventana de tiempo para ejercer su influencia.A nivel poblacional, la identificación y el conocimiento de estos factores de riesgo puede proporcionar unentendimiento en la etiología de la enfermedad y es esencial para planear, monitorizar y evaluar los planes,políticas y estrategias de prevención. Es necesario, por lo tanto, desarrollar una herramienta de estudio basada en la identificación de factores de riesgo que se pueda sumar a los hallazgos endoscópicos e histológicos y ser usada en la práctica clínica para la clasificación del riesgo de CG.
Presencia de inestabilidad microsatélite en pacientes colombianos con adenocarcinoma colorrectal
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Omar , Baracaldo Ayala Rafael , Polo José Fernando , Velasquez Elizabeth , López Correa Patricia , Parra Medina Rafael
Published: September 2021

Introducción y objetivos: la vía de inestabilidad de microsatélites (IMS) está implicada en la carcinogénesisde un 15 % de carcinomas colorrectales (CCR). La detección de esta alteración tiene relevancia en elpronóstico y en el tratamiento de los pacientes con CCR. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar laprevalencia de IMS en CCR en una cohorte de pacientes de Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se evaluó por inmunohistoquímica la presencia de homólogo MutL 1 (MLH1), segregación posmeiótica aumentada 2 (PMS2), homólogo mutS 2 (MSH2) y homólogo mutS 6 (MSH6) en muestras de CCR prevenientes de colectomías. Adicionalmente, se analizaron las variables clinicopatológicas. A los casos con pérdida de MLH1 y PMS2 se les evaluó la mutación del gen BRAF. Resultados: en total se incluyeron 86 casos. La mediana de edad de los pacientes con CCR fue de 69 años, 52,3 % fueron hombres. De los pacientes con CCR, 12 (13,9 %) presentaron IMS, de los cuales 10 (83,3 %) tenían ausencia de expresión MLH1/PMS2 y 2 (16,7 %), de MSH2/MSH6. La mediana de edad de los pacientes con CCR e IMS fue de 52 años (45-76,5), 9 eran hombres y el 66,7 % de estos casos se localizaron en el colon derecho. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado (67 %). Los linfocitos infiltrantes al tumor fueron observados en el 83 %, la presencia de infiltrado de tipo Crohn estaba presente en el 42 %. La mutación de BRAF se observó en el 30 % de los pacientes con pérdida de MLH1 y PMS2. Conclusión: la prevalencia de la IMS en nuestra población fue de 14 %, datos similares a los observados en la población norteamericana y europea. Sin embargo, se observa que el 83 % presentó pérdida de expresión del complejo MLH1/PMS2, una prevalencia mayor comparada con otras poblaciones.
Fitted numerical scheme for singularly perturbed convection-diffusion reaction problems involving delays
Authors: Woldaregay Mesfin , Aniley Worku , Duressa Gemechis
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with solution methods for singularly perturbed delay differential equations having delay on the convection and reaction terms. The considered problem exhibits an exponential boundary layer on the left or right side of the domain. The terms with the delay are treated using Taylor?s series approximation and the resulting singularly perturbed boundary value problem is solved using a specially designed exponentially finite difference method. The stability of the scheme is analysed and investigated using a comparison principle and solution bound. The formulated scheme converges uniformly with linear order of convergence. The theoretical findings are validated using three numerical test examples.
Taylor-Couette flow with mixed convection heat transfer and variable properties in a horizontal annular pipe
Authors: Chaieb Ismahane , Boufendi Toufik , Nicolas Xavier
Published: September 2021

Taylor-Couette flows in a horizontal annular gap between finite coaxial cylinders in rotor-stator configuration are numerically investigated. The inner cylinder (rotor) rotates at a constant angular velocity while the outer cylinder (stator) is at rest. They are limited at their extremities by two fixed walls that prevent axial fluid-flow. In addition, a heat transfer is generated by an imposed temperature difference, with the rotor hotter than the stator while the end-walls are adiabatic. The fluid physical properties are temperature dependent. This non-linear physics problem, with a strong coupling of the conservation equations and boundary conditions, is solved by a finite volume method with numerical schemes of second order space and time accuracies. The radius and aspect ratios and the Taylor, Grashof, and Prandtl numbers are the control parameters. The developed numerical code has been tested for different meshes and perfectly validated. Extensive calculations have been made in large ranges of the Taylor and Grashof numbers to analyze the Taylor-Couette flow in convection modes. The results highlight the dynamic and thermal instabilities generated in the Taylor-Couette flow from the appearance of Ekman cells to the Taylor vortex propagation in the entire annulus. The combined effect of these vortices with the secondary flow improves the heat transfer. Furthermore, the influence of the physical properties in the radial direction is more marked in the vicinity of the walls. Finally, we propose an empirical correlation of the Nusselt number in the studied parameter ranges.
Different Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in High- and Low-Risk Prediabetes: Results of the Randomized Controlled Prediabetes Lifestyle Intervention Study (PLIS)
Authors: Fritsche Andreas , Wagner Robert , Heni Martin , Kantartzis Kostantinos , Machann Jürgen , Schick Fritz , Lehmann Rainer , Peter Andreas , Dannecker Corinna , Fritsche Louise , Valenta Vera , Schick Renate , Nawroth Peter Paul , Kopf Stefan , Pfeiffer Andreas F.H. , Kabisch Stefan , Dambeck Ulrike , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Schwarz Peter , Hauner Hans , Clavel Julia , Seißler Jochen , Lechner Andreas , Müssig Karsten , Weber Katharina , Laxy Michael , Bornstein Stefan , Schürmann Annette , Roden Michael , de Angelis Martin Hrabe , Stefan Norbert , Häring Hans-Ulrich
Published: September 2021

Lifestyle intervention (LI) can prevent type 2 diabetes, but response to LI varies depending on risk subphenotypes. We tested whether individuals with prediabetes with low risk (LR) benefit from conventional LI and individuals with high risk (HR) benefit from an intensification of LI in a multicenter randomized controlled intervention over 12 months with 2 years’ follow-up. A total of 1,105 individuals with prediabetes based on American Diabetes Association glucose criteria were stratified into an HR or LR phenotype based on previously described thresholds of insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and liver fat content. LR individuals were randomly assigned to conventional LI according to the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) protocol or control (1:1) and HR individuals to conventional or intensified LI with doubling of required exercise (1:1). A total of 908 (82%) participants completed the study. In HR individuals, the difference between conventional and intensified LI in postchallenge glucose change was −0.29 mmol/L [95% CI −0.54; −0.04], P = 0.025. Liver fat (−1.34 percentage points [95% CI −2.17; −0.50], P = 0.002) and cardiovascular risk (−1.82 percentage points [95% CI −3.13; −0.50], P = 0.007) underwent larger reductions with intensified than with conventional LI. During a follow-up of 3 years, intensified compared with conventional LI had a higher probability of normalizing glucose tolerance (P = 0.008). In conclusion, it is possible in HR individuals with prediabetes to improve glycemic and cardiometabolic outcomes by intensification of LI. Individualized, risk phenotype–based LI may be beneficial for the prevention of diabetes.
Marka Boyutlarının Marka Evangelizmine Etkisi
Authors: Kırmızıbiber Ahmet , Yıldız Emel
Published: September 2021

Evangelizm kelimesinin saklı tabiatını meydana çıkarmak marka evangelizmini anlamayı daha da kolaylaştıracaktır. Yunanca “iyi haber” ve “ilan etmek” anlamına gelen bu kelime yüzyıllarca ilahiyatla bağdaştırılmıştır. Tüketiciler sahip oldukları baskın hisler ile hayran oldukları markadan yola çıkarak fikirlerini üçüncü kişilere ileterek evangelist olma yoluna girebilirler.
Çalışmanın amacı; marka boyutlarını oluşturan marka kimliği, marka güveni, marka memnuniyeti ve marka tutkusunun marka evamgelizmini nasıl etkilediğinin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Araştırma verileri Erzurum ilinde yaşayan 450 kişi üzerinden yüz yüze anket yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. 11.03.2020 – 21.03.2020 tarihleri arasında anket uygulanmıştır. Ankete katılanlardan hatalı cevap veren veya eksik yanıtlanan 12 anketin elenmesi sonucu toplamda 438 anket değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. SPSS 20 ve AMOS 20 programları kullanılarak elde edilen verilerin analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analiz neticesinde; marka kimliğinin, marka güveninin ve marka tutkusunun marka evangelizmi üzerinde pozitif yönde etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak memnuniyet ile marka evangelizmi arasında anlamlı herhangi bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Henüz üzerinde ülkemizde yeterince durulmamış olan marka evangelizmi ile ilgili olan bu çalışmamızın, pazarlama literatüre katkı sağlayacağı ve ayrıca uygulayıcılar için de konuya daha fazla dikkat çekilmesine ve öneminin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
An Evaluation of Central Bank Digital Currency
Authors: Bozma Gürkan , Akdağ Murat
Published: September 2021

The gold standard, which was created as an alternative to fiat currencies, has been tried to be implemented by countries in different periods of history. With the development of technology, the use of cash has decreased and paved the way for innovations to emerge. One of the innovations in the field of payment systems is cryptocurrencies. Crypto coins; can be defined as digital currencies based on mathematical algorithms, that do not lose their value due to inflation and are not affiliated with central institutions such as the central bank. States had to come up with new strategies to prevent the flight of fiat money and adapt to technology in emergencies. One of these strategies has been the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and studies have been initiated to determine whether the CBDCs can replace traditional money. This study aims to make evaluations in the field of CBDC. As a result, although their research on CBDC continues, very few of them have started and are continuing pilot projects.
Küresel Kovid-19 Salgınının Türkiye Sağlık Sigortası Sektörüne Etkisi
Authors: Atukalp M. Esra
Published: September 2021

tehlikenin odaklandığı yere göre branşlara ayrılmaktadır. Sigorta branşları, kaza, ferdi kaza, hastalık/sağlık, kara/su araçları, nakliyat, yangın ve doğal afetler, genel zararlar, kara araçları sorumluluk, genel sorumluluk, kredi ve borcun ödenmemesi sigortası, finansal kayıplar, hukuksal koruma ve hayat olarak sıralanabilir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı Kovid-19 küresel salgınının Türkiye’de sağlık sigortası sektöründeki etkilerini incelemektir. İnceleme Ocak 2019-Aralık 2020 dönemi ele alınarak ve alt branş bazında teminat adetleri incelenerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda Kovid-19 salgınına ilişkin Türkiye’de ilk vaka tespitinin yaşandığı mart ayından sonra, Nisan, Ağustos, Ekim ve Aralık aylarında ele alınan sağlık sigortalarının artış gösterdiği söylenebilir. Öte yandan sigorta şirketlerinin sağlık sigortalarının kapsamları detaylı bir şekilde incelenerek çalışmada gözlenen artışların küresel salgınla bağlantısı noktasında ayrıntılı ve kesin yorumlar yapılabilecektir
The State of Job Burnout Amongst New Zealand Managers: Implications for Employment Relations
Authors: Haar Jarrod
Published: September 2021

Job burnout is a perennial issue for workers, but the most popular way to measure it has become widely critiqued. We utilise the newest burnout construct – the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) – and provide New Zealand’s first data on managers. Importantly, the BAT provides a cut-off score representing severe burnout (being burnt-out). Using data from 840 New Zealand managers, support for the BAT construct is found, and 11.3 per cent of managers meeting the burnt-out threshold. Statistical analysis towards burnt-out status shows significant differences across managerial position, firm size, and workforce education, although no significant differences by sector. In light of growing attention to burnout, we discuss the implications for employment relations around burnout and the importance for firms to address this growing issue.
Selecting the Switching Frequency of the 6500 V IGBT High Voltage DC Converter
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (The National Research University), Volskiy Sergey I. , SKOROKHOD Yuri Yu. ,   Transconverter LLC, Echkilev Nikolay ,   Siemens Mobility GmbH
Published: September 2021

The high-voltage converter with the input voltage of 3000 V DC is considered for use as a power supply for auxiliary circuits of commuter electric trains and passenger cars that are used on Russian railways. The limitations on the use of semiconductor devices in converters with an input voltage of 3000 V are shown. The power electrical circuits of the input units of the considered high-voltage converters are shown when using of 1700 and 6500 V IGBT. The expressions for calculating the power losses and the algorithm for selecting the switching frequency of 6500 in IGBT are given. This article is of interest to developers of high-voltage DC converters with an input voltage of 3000 V and higher, which choose IGBT for the power circuit of input units with using the high frequency principle of the electrical energy transformation.