bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prosecutor’s Evolution
Authors: Ingram Scott
Published: October 2024

It is axiomatic that American prosecutors possess significant discretion. What varies among prosecutors is how they use their discretion. How they use their discretion derives from how prosecutors perceive their role. Different prosecutors perceive their role differently. Some see themselves as representing the victim and others see themselves as ensuring just outcomes. These differences emerge from the American prosecutor’s distinct evolution. Over 200 years, the American prosecutor has transformed through various stages. The private prosecutor, an attorney the victim hired, originated from the British system. With the expansion of democratic institutions, the prosecutor became political, representing a particular political party’s interests. Abuses led to prosecutors becoming more professional, representing the state. This disconnected prosecutors from their community. Proactive prosecutors emerged to reconnect prosecutors to their community. Then, in 2016, a new wave of prosecutors emerged. These prosecutors saw themselves protecting defendants from a punitive criminal justice process.

This article explores these different perspectives, looking for commonalities that can define the American prosecutor’s identity. Three emerge. First, prosecutors are public servants. Though they may serve different publics and do so in different ways, all seek to serve public interests. Second, they represent the community. Prosecutorial policies and case selection derive from community values and priorities. Finally, prosecutors are opportunistic. When given the opportunity to expand their discretion
Crack Propagation Tests for Load Sequences Developed Using Different Flight Parameters of a Trainer Aircraft
Authors: Reymer Piotr , Kowalczyk Kamil , Baran Marta , Nowakowski Dominik , Dziendzikowski Michał , Leski Andrzej
Published: October 2024

Military aircraft are subjected to highly variable and unpredictable loads due to diverse mission profiles, armament configurations, and individual piloting styles. This variability complicates the definition of precise load spectra, particularly in cases where data loss occurs due to Flight Data Recorder (FDR) malfunctions or data mishandling. This paper investigates the use of different flight parameters, such as load factor (nz
), barometric height (Hb
), and horizontal velocity (Vp
), to define load sequences for the PZL-130 “Orlik” TC-II military trainer aircraft. These sequences were then used to evaluate crack propagation using Compact Tension (CT) specimens. The results show that the incorporation of additional flight parameters improves the accuracy of crack propagation predictions when compared to direct strain measurements. This study highlights the potential of using available flight data to develop reliable load spectra for fatigue life estimation in military aircraft, even when direct load measurements are not financially feasible.
Public–private partnerships and human development
Authors: Hanna Kociemska , Franklin Obeng-Odoom , Leszek Patrzałek
Published: October 2024

The restructuring of a state is crucial for promoting human development. For this reason, public–private partnerships (PPPs), the so-called “fourth revolution” in reinventing the state, have become a global strategy of choice. Yet, existing studies on PPPs mainly analyze their effect on growth or inequality, not human development. This article uses data from the human development index (HDI) database to investigate the impact of PPP projects on human development. With the increasing scale of public infrastructure investments and the need to improve public services, it is necessary to examine whether PPPs are justified in improving social welfare. We conducted the analysis for all low- and middle-income countries using propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariate analysis. Additionally, we present the HDI predictions. We believe that assessing the impact of public–private cooperation on increasing social welfare, reducing social exclusion, and implementing investments with a robust social impact is essential. Overall, we found a statistically significant effect of PPPs on human development, demonstrating that the growing scale of PPP investments in low- and middle-income countries enhances their HDI.
Analysis of Head Circumference, Exclusive Breastfeeding, and Child Development at Kedaung Community Health Center
Authors: Maharani Dinda Putri , Shabariah Rahmini , Rayhana Rayhana , Farsida Farsida
Published: October 2024

Background: Head circumference is one of the indicators for assessing intracranial volume and brain growth. Development is the improvement of bodily functions and abilities, such as emotional, intellectual, and behavioral development. Breast milk is a source of intake for nutrients for newborns who can support maximum growth and development. Purposes: It is known that the relationship between head circumference and development with the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire (DPsQ) in children aged 3 – 6 months who get breast milk or formula milk in work area of the Kedaung Community Health Center Depok City. Methods: The design is a cross-sectional analytic study with respondents mothers who had a child and got breast milk at least three months after birth. The sampling technique used a convenience sampling method to obtain as many as 50 mothers, and the analysis data was analyzed using statistical methods using the chi-square test. Results: Children with the majority of 3 and 4 months of age were 34% each, female at 52%, breastfeeding alone at 80%, normal head circumference at 98%, and age-appropriate development in general by 90%. There was a significant relationship between head circumference size and breast milk status with DPsQ value and interpretation (p-value=0.002 OR=12.250 CI95%=4.789-31.333); (p-value=0.018 OR=8.143 CI95%=1.144-57.949). Conclusion: There is a 12 times greater relationship between head circumference size and development and an eight times more significant relationship between breast milk status and development in infants aged 3 – 6 months who get breast milk in the work area of the Kedaung Community Health Center Depok City.
Implementación del sistema ANOVA++: Efectos fijos
Authors: Polo Estrella Ana Luz , Pérez Salazar Christian , Ruíz Ramírez Juan
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo describe el proceso de desarrollo que se siguió para la implementación del sistema ANOVA++, el cual tiene como objetivo apoyar en el cálculo de diversos análisis estadísticos enfocado principalmente a estudiantes de licenciatura o posgrado, así como a investigadores en el área agrícola, ya que estos, en muchas ocasiones, no tienen la formación y/o capacitación suficiente en el manejo de paquetes estadísticos avanzados. La facilidad de uso de este sistema les permite enfocar sus esfuerzos en la realización de otras actividades más relevante en sus investigaciones o proyectos. El sistema ANOVA++ permite realizar el Análisis de Varianza para los diseños: Completamente al Azar (DCA) con igual y diferente número de repeticiones; Bloques al Azar (DBA) con datos completos o con un dato faltante; Cuadro Latino (DCL) con datos completos o con un dato faltante; Bifactorial en un DCA; Bifactorial en un DBA; y Parcelas Divididas en DBA. Adicionalmente, compara el valor de F contra los valores de F de tablas para conocer el nivel de significancia. Dependiendo de los valores obtenidos, también realiza la prueba de Tukey. Finalmente, permite realizar los Contrastes Ortogonales entre los diferentes tratamientos. La versión actual (versión 2) ha sido probada por docentes y estudiantes de la Universidad Veracruzana y los resultados han sido comparados con otros softwares estadísticos como son Statistica, Stata, NCSS, entre otros. Se concluye que el sistema ANOVA++ podría ser utilizado por todas aquellas personas que dentro de sus proyectos o investigaciones tengan la necesidad de realizar de forma rápida y sencilla el cálculo de Análisis de Varianza, gracias a la facilidad de uso y el correcto cálculo de los diferentes diseños experimentales, aunado a que no tiene ningún costo.
The use of artificial intelligence in teaching and evaluation for smart learning in higher education
Authors:   National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, CIOCHINĂ Raluca Silvia , CISMARU Diana-Maria ,   National University of Political Studies and Public Administration
Published: October 2024

Since the spread of various artificial intelligence tools, higher education teachers have expressed various attitudes connected to their use. This paper explores the uses, benefits, and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in higher education. In this scope, 17 interviews with teachers from a faculty of communication were performed in June 2023. Results show a high degree of adoption and use of various AI tools in teaching, with an increase in effectiveness. At the same time, the main disadvantages are the lack of human interaction, the concern about the accuracy of information, and the potential overreliance of this type of tool. Specific concerns were raised about the lack of human interaction, the problems facing the lack of accuracy of the information, and the possibility of over-relying on AI-based technologies. Regarding the perspectives on using AI for evaluation, opinions were mixed, with concerns about the validity and correctness of results. Although previous perspectives on AI technologies refer to the positive impacts on the academic landscape, this study found more cautious perspectives among respondents. Some participants expressed a lack of trust in AI-generated data and content, emphasizing the need to keep traditional teaching methods. An institution-wide approach to the adoption of AI-based technologies is needed, which could provide support for integrating these tools while maintaining academic standards.
Business ethics and corporate social responsibility – a case study
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, LEȚA (MIHAI) Florina
Published: October 2024

A key nexus that characterizes the contemporary corporate landscape is the strong connection between business ethics and corporate social responsibility. This article explores the dynamic relationship between these two ideas, showing how closely related and supportive they are of one another. Corporate social responsibility efforts are built on a foundation of business ethics, which encompasses moral principles and values. On the other hand, corporate social responsibility strengthens and improves ethical standards within corporations. The ethical underpinning of corporate social responsibility is examined in this article, focusing on how moral principles direct ethical business behavior. It emphasizes the stakeholder-centric methodology shared by corporate social responsibility and business ethics, emphasizing their shared dedication to fairness, openness, and responsibility. Transparency and accountability emerge as crucial components to build confidence and credibility in ethical behavior and corporate social responsibility initiatives. Additionally, ethical conundrums within CSR activities are investigated, demonstrating how businesses navigate complex ethical issues when addressing societal and environmental challenges. The commitment to sustainability and societal well-being made by corporate social responsibility and the long-term ethical perspective inherent in business ethics are in perfect harmony. Finally, it is clarified how effectively ethical conduct and corporate social responsibility work together to enhance a company's reputation and inspire trust. Understanding the profound relationship between business ethics and corporate social responsibility is crucial for organizations seeking to thrive when moral responsibility is paramount as society increasingly holds businesses accountable for their social and environmental impact.
Factors influencing the digital agriculture adoption: a research model for assessing Romanian farmers’ motivations
Authors:   National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, MARKOVITS Paul Ștefan
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a measurement model to be used to assess the Romanian farmers’ motivations to adopt Agriculture 4.0 practices and technologies. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT) provides a robust model for assessing the factors driving or inhibiting the adoption of digital farming technologies and practices. Extensions and enhancements of the UTAUT2 and UTAUT3 used in farmer studies internationally are discussed and also compared to the results of studies with a different architecture about farmers’ motivations to use digital agriculture tools and systems. A proposed unified model will be used in subsequent quantitative measurements of Romanian farmers' motivations to embrace Agriculture 4.0. The paper is a premier in the literature about Romanian farmers. It is deemed a valuable tool for both researchers and developers of digital tools for farmers.
E-health and innovation for legitimacy and trust
Authors:   University of Napoli Parthenope, ROMANELLI Mauro
Published: October 2024

New technologies help to develop health innovation, leading the patient to act about their health actively and driving health care from institution-centric to patient-centric systems. E-health relates to a new way of thinking about health care. Healthcare organizations are seeking legitimacy as credible institutions by using the potential of information technology to introduce service innovation and build trust-based relationships with patients. Policies can support the diffusion and dissemination of innovation and the implementation of new technologies in healthcare service delivery, helping healthcare organizations to drive service innovation and reinforcing patientcentred relationships.
Statistical Reliability Estimation of Earth-Orbiting Satellites Operating from 1991 to 2020
Authors: Grile Travis M. , Bettinger Robert A. , Schubert Kabban Christine M.
Published: October 2024

Reliability analysis using satellite failure data for satellites launched in the years 1991–2020 is presented. The analysis is conducted using nonparametric as well as parametric methods. In order to derive a nonparametric reliability estimate from the raw failure data, the Kaplan–Meier estimator is utilized. In order to determine a correct distribution to parameterize the nonparametric estimate, a novel distribution identification framework is applied. The Weibull distribution is consistently identified as best and is then utilized to parameterize the behaviors seen in the nonparametric results. A novel robust regression parameterization method is also applied to improve the traditional regression methodology. Data are split into three decade-long groups with respect to launch dates to investigate time-based trends. Results from this analysis show the most recent decade (2011–2020) to be the worst performing in terms of reliability. This decade in particular is found to be plagued by early or failed reentry cases.
Phenomenological Aerodynamic Analysis of an Ejector Exposed to Large Inlet Pulsations
Authors: Uhl Gregory , Taileb Said , Zurbach Stéphan , Odier Nicolas , Poinsot Thierry , Bellenoue Marc
Published: October 2024

To enable the coupling of the unsteady, high-enthalpy flow exiting a Rotating Detonation Combustor (RDC) with a subsonic turbine, an ejector may be installed between the combustor and turbine. In the present work, a conventional ejector is investigated numerically using a Large-Eddy Simulation. Firstly, a stationary operating point is analyzed where sufficient agreement could be obtained with experimental data. Secondly, a new operating point is proposed where a sinusoidal acoustic pulsation is imposed at the primary ejector inlet. The pulsation generates a periodic fluctuation between sub- and supersonic velocity regimes at the primary nozzle exit, which is representative of local RDC exhaust velocities. In this first step, the exhaust gas temperature, flow angle, and gas composition are not considered. At this operating condition, a secondary normal shock appears periodically at the end of the constant-area mixing chamber and retracts upstream as a pressure wave. The shear layer, the boundary layer, the secondary shock, and the diffuser-induced separation are identified as kinetic energy loss sources within the ejector. The amplitude of total pressure fluctuations is reduced by 85% throughout the device, whereas the frequency is retained. The dampening characteristics are considered favorable for gas turbine integration.
Reconfigurable Guidance Strategy for Compensating Actuator Faults in Spacecraft Formation Flying
Authors: Santos Willer G. , Mason Paul , Stoneking Eric T. , Sarli Bruno V.
Published: October 2024

The capacity to keep a desired topology with a requested accuracy plays a significant role in every spacecraft formation-flying operation. These missions can be terminated in case of an unexpected spacecraft fault, preventing the system from returning to its nominal configuration. This paper presents and tests a new recovery solution, called Reconfigurable Guidance Strategy (RGS), for the spacecraft formation-flying control problem subject to a look-in-place permanent thruster fault. The proposed method relies on autonomously and in real-time reconfiguring the guidance function to compensate for the loss of the spacecraft actuation system. The performance and cost of the RGS have been tested in a high-fidelity simulation scenario, the 42 spacecraft simulator developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, taking into account orbital and rotational nonlinear coupled dynamics, high-order perturbation models, and actuator and sensor models. The numerical simulation results have demonstrated the proposed recovery strategy’s effectiveness, feasibility, and robustness.
Stabilization Mechanisms of Traveling Crossflow Mode in Hypersonic Swept Wing Flows
Authors: Lu Jiachen , Chun Kit Uy Ken , Zhao Rui , Wen Chihyung
Published: October 2024

Momentum potential theory (MPT) is employed to establish a physics-based interpretation of the traveling crossflow mode and analyze the underlying stabilization mechanisms of associated control methods, such as wall cooling, wall suction, and grooves. The traveling crossflow mode over a swept wing with a Mach number of 6 is first solved using direct numerical simulations. The MPT decomposition illustrates the vortical nature of the traveling crossflow mode, with the vortical component having a higher magnitude than the acoustic and thermal components. The vortical source makes the greatest contribution to the mode instability, whereas the response of the source terms depends on the control method used. Wall cooling primarily impacts the thermal component, thus decreasing the thermal source and subsequently changing the vortical source. Wall suction influences the vortical component directly, and only the vortical source undergoes a small reduction. The acoustic and vortical components are sensitive to grooves. The compression waves induced by grooves are identified as the source of the stabilization effect.
Sankofa-

Letlhaku le legologolo: A Meshed Framework for Centring Indigenous Knowledge in Education
Authors: Gumbo Mishack Thiza
Published: October 2024

This literature study explains how indigenous knowledge can be centred in the school-to-higher education of an African child (learner) through a meshed Sankofa
-Letlhaku le legologolo (Sankofa-Ll) framework. Sankofa and the Tswana proverb,
letlhaku le lešwa le agelwa mo go le legologolo (a new tree branch is built onto an old and a very big one) emphasise the past shaping the present and the future in the rich African indigenous knowledge. The children’s education needs to centre this knowledge. This is against the backdrop of colonial influence on the African education system, whose goal is to immerse the child in African cultural values as part of qualifying him/her for different careers. In the article, I describe Sankofa and
letlhaku le legologolo and show how they connect. The colonial influence on African indigenous knowledge is discussed, which leads to the article’s main focus, i.e., centring indigenous knowledge in education and showing how Sankofa-Ll frames this ideal. Sankofa-Ll will add to the indigenous frameworks and assist in preserving African indigenous knowledge. The framework will help strengthen the indigenisation of education and the curriculum to ensure that they relate to the culture of the African child.
Idosos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde com demandas de uso de álcool
Authors: Lima Jucélia Moraes de , Jesus Suzicleia Elizabete de , Silva Liliane Santos da , Almeida Maria Aparecida Sousa Oliveira , Silva Vanessa Mendonça e , Rocha Elias Marcelino da , Nascimento Vagner Ferreira do , Luis Margarita Antonia Villar , Lemes Alisséia Guimarães , Queiroz Ronaldo Bezerra de
Published: October 2024

Objeto: Identificar o uso de álcool por idosos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde (APS). Métodos: Estudo documental quantitativo, realizado nos registros do e-SUS APS (cadastro e atendimento) de idosos que faz uso de álcool do município de Barra do Garças/MT, no período de 2017 a 2023. A coleta ocorreu no mês de dezembro de 2023, os dados foram apresentados em gráficos e tabelas de forma descritiva. Resultados: O consumo de bebida alcoólica foi identificado em 2.540 cadastros. Destes, os idosos (≥60 anos) correspondem a 13% das pessoas em uso dessa substância. Os dados revelaram crescimento contínuo do consumo de álcool em toda população nos últimos sete anos, sobretudo entre pessoas idosas, o aumento foi de 23%. Em relação aos atendimentos, 9,8% foram realizados com idosos, cuja condição avaliada esteve associada ao uso de álcool. Conclusão: Idosos cadastrados na APS de Barra do Garças/MT apresentam consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, parte dos atendimentos a esta demanda foram direcionados para atender as necessidades dessa população. A APS é um importante serviço de saúde para a identificação e o atendimento dessa população deve realizar ações envolvendo prevenção, promoção e o acompanhamento dos idosos que consomem álcool, proporcionando cuidado integral à saúde dessa população.
Forms of Representation of Military Culture in Computer Games
Authors: Mishchenko Igor E.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this article is to identify the forms of representation of military culture in computer games. In the course of the research, six types of interpretations of military culture were presented on the basis of a systematic approach, which made it possible to formulate a more general, broad concept that served as a basis for the subsequent discovery of its aspects and representations in computer games developed since the 2000s. The representation of aspects of military culture in games is reflected in four forms of representation: through game theme, individual game elements and stories, game genre, and game mechanics. The first one takes into account that the military theme is revealed in computer games in several forms of relation to reality: military-historical games; games thematically related to the modern army and modern military conflicts; games modelling military conflicts of the near future; fantasy games representing the army or armed forces of the distant future; fantasy games. The second demonstrates that mechanical elements and plot moves related to military culture can be present in games of almost all genres. The third defines genres related to military culture, the division of which is along the lines of personalized participation in military actions/simulation of a certain command and operation level, and each of them has its own aspects. The distinctive feature of the above forms is a limited representation of military culture, subjective focus on individual aspects. The fourth form of representation assumes a positive forecast of the development of computer games about military culture. It is expected that a simulator of everyday activities of servicemen will appear, which would make it possible to take a new look at military games and reflect the requirements of Russian legislation in the field of defense. This will help, among other things, to shape the directions of the state cultural policy for the development and preservation of the spiritual and moral foundations and traditional values of Russian culture embodied in modern forms and genres of art.
Spatial Fantasies in Contemporary Russian Cinema
Authors: Sergeyeva Olga V. , Miziryak Nadezhda A.
Published: October 2024

Fantastic film worlds give the viewer a new experience of understanding and living in space – combining different locations, establishing and overcoming boundaries, transitions into a fascinating other reality. This article examines the spatial patterns that create arenas of action for characters in Russian films and series of fantasy-mystical content shot in the 2020s. Analyses of worldbuilding in science fiction are related to philosophical ideas about possible worlds and are most represented by discussions of fantasy literature, whereas film fiction and the spaces it depicts await research attention. The authors dissect spatial patterns in sci-fi cinema as a reflection of current social conflicts/divisions and solidarities/convergences; reflecting on how spatial configurations encode the unprecedented mediation of modern technologies and normalize futuristic spatial practices. The focus is on the recurring film-to-film emphasis on the permeability, hybridity and tunnelling of space, on the phantasmagoria of non-releasing places. Russian cinema responds to an ontological philosophical agenda by visualizing the permeability of boundaries and the co-presence of man and other beings. The analysis shows that the portals and roads linking dream and reality, Soviet and modern Moscow, the cyber village on Mars and other planets of the solar system bear a significant plot load. The movement of the characters in an extraordinary space reproduces the archetypal test of the road and provides an opportunity to discuss social and attitudinal issues relevant to the Russian present. Particular attention is paid to the pattern of non-releasing space, which concentrates the fear of isolation characteristic of the established culture of mobility. Science fiction in cinema immerses viewers in worlds inhabited by unusual creatures, filled with artefacts, infrastructure, often through plot tension, frightening hints, visual effects draws attention to significant problems and challenges, including in the discussion of images of the future.
Visualization of Fashion in European Engravings of the 16th — Early 18th Century
Authors: Krasnoshchyokov Vladimir A.
Published: October 2024

Images of people from different countries in their traditional costumes as a genre emerged in the second half of the 16th century and actively existed in the form of prints until the first fashion magazines appeared in the late 18th century. The article attempts to build a chronology of iconic examples of costume prints of the 16th — early 18th century on the basis of a number of sources of theoretical, historical and pictorial nature. The functions it fulfilled as a kind of graphic art in its time and artistic and technological features of its creation are defined. The study considers the works of artists and engravers from Germany, the Netherlands, England and France, since it is in these countries that the art of costume engraving was most developed. Not being for the most part highly artistic works of art, having no portrait resemblance to the depicted characters, protomod illustrations did not attract close attention of art history, which regarded them as one of many ordinary sources, as elements of applied creativity, which largely prevented their detailed analysis. However, these numerous costume prints (woodcuts and etchings) are worthy of attention as examples of graphic art that give an idea of the fashion of the time. The decline in the popularity of costume prints in the middle of the 18th century, despite the development of printing technologies and the growth of population in cities, which implies the demand for products of this kind, is connected, in our opinion, with the absence of a descriptive part — text as an explanation to the picture. For in the epoch of the formation of fashion journalism in the 18th century, costume engravings were revived as part of women’s magazines, acquiring the form of fashionable pictures-illustrations that would exist throughout the 19th — first half of the 20th century.
The Artists and BAM: “Come and Draw, Again and Again”
Authors: Lisitsina Yana Yu.
Published: October 2024

Soviet fine art contains a large number of works with industrial themes, including those devoted to the great construction sites of socialism. The construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) influenced the country’s development not only in economic and social aspects, but also had a direct impact on the cultural background, giving a new impetus to the activity of creative unions and the emergence of works of various types of art. The BAM theme is talentedly reflected in the creative field of Soviet fine arts. The appearance of numerous pictorial, graphic, sculptural, decorative and applied works was facilitated by the travelling format of artists’ work — creative business trips. Artists travelled to BAM construction sites, witnessing and participating in everyday life and holidays. Thanks to their inclusion and immersion in the environment, the masters of fine arts created works of various genres that accurately and vividly reflected the moments of the construction of the railway. Subsequently, the works were presented at various exhibitions. Nowadays, preserved in museum and private collections, they are an invaluable aesthetic and historical contribution to understanding the spirit and character of that era. The study of the activities of the Union of Artists of the USSR (as a whole as a regulator) and its branch represented by the Irkutsk Organisation of the Union of Artists of the RSFSR (as one of the local executors) is essential for understanding the effective mechanism of fulfilling the social order related to the representation of the global events of the 1970s for the Soviet state. The Irkutsk organisation of the RSFSR Union of Artists was territorially connected with the western section of BAM, and the archival documents provide an opportunity to comprehend the peculiarities of the microstructure’s activity in the conditions of the targeted work of the entire Union of Soviet artists on the BAM theme.
Зарубежный опыт поддержки малого и среднего предпринимательства
Authors: А.А. Горб , С.С. Шегуров
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена анализу процессов стимулирования развития малого предпринимательства в разных странах. В России, в 90-е годы прошлого века субъекты малого бизнеса в промышленности создавались методом дробления крупных предприятий и отделения от них, в первую очередь, разного рода вспомогательных и непрофильных производств. Авторы описывают механизмы государственного стимулирования развития малого предпринимательства в Южной Корее и Японии, с целью использования их опыта в России. Однако следует помнить, что опыт этих стран не может быть прямо воспроизведен в России без соответствующей адаптации.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the processes of stimulating the development of small business in different countries. In Russia, in the 90s of the last century, small businesses in industry were created by the method of crushing large enterprises and departments from them, first of all, of all kinds of auxiliary and non-core industries. The authors describe the mechanisms of state stimulation of the development of small business in South Korea and Japan, with the aim of using their experience in Russia. However, it should be remembered that the experience of these countries cannot be directly reproduced in Russia without appropriate adaptation.
Учет взаимовлияния экономических проблем в развитии промышленного сектора Иордании
Authors: Т.А.А. Джамал
Published: October 2024

Актуальность исследования обусловлена посвящена актуальной теме — развитие промышленного сектора Иордании. В связи с этим, данная статья направлена на выявление или раскрытие проблем, стоящих перед развитием промышленного сектора Иордании. Экономические данные были собраны за последние несколько лет для определения экономической ситуации в Иордании, что позволяет провести комплексное исследование возможностей и проблем, стоящих перед промышленным сектором. При анализе показателей наблюдается разница между годами, что указывает на то, что иорданская экономика способна к улучшению, и в то же время указывает на некоторые проблемы, которые необходимо решить для восстановления экономики Иордании с точки зрения промышленного и финансового аспектов, а также энергетической безопасности. В этой статье рассматриваются пять основных проблем, которые считаются препятствиями на пути развития. Обсуждаются вопросы промышленной экономики Иордании и степень их влияния друг на друга. Выявленные проблемы позволяют читателю увидеть, как они связаны друг с другом и насколько влияют друг на друга. А также понимание состояния инфраструктуры в Иордании.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that it is devoted to a relevant topic - the development of the industrial sector in Jordan. In this regard, this article aims to identify or disclose the problems facing the development of the industrial sector in Jordan. Economic data were collected over the past few years to determine the economic situation in Jordan, which allows for a comprehensive study of the opportunities and challenges facing the industrial sector. When analyzing the indicators, there is a difference between the years, which indicates that the Jordanian economy is capable of improvement, and at the same time indicates some problems that need to be addressed to restore the Jordanian economy in terms of industrial and financial aspects, as well as energy security. This article discusses five main problems that are considered obstacles to development. The issues of the industrial economy of Jordan and the extent to which they influence each other were discussed. The identified problems allow the reader to see how they are related to each other and how effective they are in relation to each other. As well as an understanding of the state of infrastructure in Jordan.
Трансформация научной парадигмы инновационного управления крупными хозяйствующими субъектами в промышленно-производственной сфере
Authors: Г.М. Алимусаев , Н.В. Лясников , М.В. Шумай
Published: October 2024

Актуальность статьи обусловлена возрастающим требованием гибкости и адаптивности экономики государства. Наступившая эпоха цифровой экономики предъявляет новые требования к организации и управлению деятельностью крупных промышленных структур, которые формируют ядро национальной экономической системы. Одновременно с этим не менее важным является повышение эффективности управления крупными промышленными структурами, в том числе для достижения цели импортозамещения и повышения конкурентоспособности российской промышленной продукции на международных рынках. Поэтому научная проработка основ корпоративного гражданства является безусловно актуальной и своевременной в сложившихся условиях хозяйствования. Процедура и методы: проведен анализ предпринимательской активности в промышленно-производственной сфере, проблем развития кооперации между предприятиями. Использованы следующие методы: обобщения, сравнительный, экспертный, экономико-статистический, эмпирический метод.

The relevance of the article is due to the increasing demand for flexibility and adaptability of the state economy. The new era of the digital economy imposes new requirements on the organization and management of large industrial structures that form the core of the national economic system. At the same time, it is equally important to increase the efficiency of management of large industrial structures, including in order to achieve the goal of import substitution and increase the competitiveness of Russian industrial products in international markets. Therefore, the scientific study of the basics of corporate citizenship is certainly relevant and timely in the current economic conditions. Procedure and methods. The analysis of entrepreneurial activity in the industrial and production sphere, problems of development of cooperation between enterprises is carried out. The following methods were used: generalization, comparative, expert, economic-statistical, empirical method.
Sustainable Triacetic Acid Lactone Production from Sugarcane by Fermentation and Crystallization
Authors: Bhagwat Sarang , Dell'Anna Marco , Li Yalin , Cao Mingfeng , Brace Emma , Bhagwat Sunil , Huber George , Zhao Huimin , Guest Jeremy
Published: October 2024

There is a pressing need to replace crude oil with renewable feedstocks such as sugarcane to manufacture fuels and chemicals. Triacetic acid lactone (TAL) is a bioproduct of particular interest as a platform chemical with the potential to produce commercially important chemicals including sorbic acid and polydiketoenamine plastics. In this study, we leveraged BioSTEAM−an open-source platform−to design, simulate, and evaluate under uncertainty (via techno-economic analysis, TEA, and life cycle assessment, LCA) biorefineries producing TAL from sugarcane by microbial conversion of sugars. We experimentally characterized TAL solubility, calibrated solubility models, and designed a process to separate TAL from fermentation broths by crystallization. The biorefinery could produce TAL (≥94.0 dry-wt%) at a minimum product selling price (MPSP) of $4.87·kg-1 (baseline) with a range of $4.03−6.08·kg-1 (5th−95th percentiles). The MPSP was below the maximum viable TAL price range for sorbic acid production ($5.99−7.74·kg-1) in ≥93% of simulations and consistently below the benchmark price to produce polydiketoenamines ($10·kg-1). We used a quantitative sustainable design framework to explore the theoretical fermentation space (titer, yield, and productivity combinations), potential separation improvements (mitigating TAL ring-opening decarboxylation through pH control), and operation scheduling and capacity expansion strategies (e.g., through integrated sweet sorghum processing). Advancements in key design and technological parameters could greatly improve the biorefinery’s financial viability (MPSP of $2.60·kg-1 [$2.31−3.16·kg-1], consistently below the maximum viable price range for sorbic acid and polydiketoenamines production) and environmental benefits (carbon intensity of 3.65 [1.90−5.43] kg CO2-eq·kg-1, with net displacement of fossil energy consumption in 70% of simulations). This research highlights the ability of agile TEA-LCA to screen promising designs, navigate sustainability tradeoffs, prioritize research needs, and chart quantitative roadmaps for the continued development of bioproducts and biofuels.
Analysis of battery-like and pseudocapacitive ion intercalation kinetics via distribution of relaxation times
Authors: Malik Yoga Trianzar , Braig Michael , Simon Patrice , Zeis Roswitha , Fleischmann Simon
Published: October 2024

Improving the kinetics of electrochemical ion intercalation processes is of interest for realizing high-power electrochemical energy storage. This includes classical battery-like intercalation and pseudocapacitive intercalation processes with a capacitor-like electrochemical signature. Electrochemical methods are needed to probe the kinetics of such complex multistep processes in detail. Here, we present the use of the Distribution of Relaxation Times (DRT) analysis of electrochemical impedance data to identify the kinetic limits of intercalation reactions. We study the lithium intercalation reaction in TiS2 from organic and aqueous electrolytes as a model system. The material can exhibit both battery-like and pseudocapacitive intercalation regimes depending on the potential range, variable diffusion lengths by adjusting its particle size, and a tunable degree of solvent cointercalation by choosing the electrolyte solvent. Using DRT, we can distinguish between the kinetic limitations imposed by solid-state ion diffusion, interfacial ion adsorption and transport, and ion desolvation processes. Thus, DRT analysis can complement existing methods, such as voltammetry or 3D-Bode analysis, to better understand the kinetics of intercalation reactions.
Role of Surface Oxygen in α-MoC Catalyst Stability and Activity Under Electrooxidation Conditions
Authors: Gautam Ankit Kumar , Yu Siying , He Haozhen , Yang Hong , Mironenko Alexander V.
Published: October 2024

Transition metal carbides are attractive, low-cost alternatives to Pt group metals, exhibiting multifunctional acidic, basic, and metallic sites for catalysis. Their widespread applications are often hindered by a high surface affinity for oxygen, which blocks catalytic sites. However, recent reports indicate that the α-MoC phase is a stable and effective co-catalyst for reactions in oxidative or aqueous environments. In this work, we elucidate the factors affecting the stability and catalytic activity of α-MoC under mild electrooxidation conditions (0–0.8 V SHE) using density functional theory calculations, kinetics-informed surface Pourbaix diagram analysis, electronic structure analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. Both computational and experimental data indicate that α-MoC is significantly more resistant to electrooxidation by H2O than β-Mo2C. This higher stability is attributed to structural and kinetic factors, as the Mo-terminated α-MoC surface disfavors substitutional oxidation of partially exposed, less oxophilic C* atoms by hindering CO/CO2 removal. The surface exposes H2O-protected [MoC2O2] and [MoC(CO)O2] oxycarbidic motifs available for catalysis in a wide potential window. At higher potentials, they convert to unstable [Mo(CO)2O2], resulting in material degradation. Using formic acid as a probe molecule, we obtain evidence for Pt-like O*-mediated O-H and C-H bond activation pathways. The kinetic barrier for the rate-limiting C-H bond activation correlates with the hydrogen affinity of the site in the order O*/Mofcc > O*/Ctop > O*/Motop. To mitigate the site-blocking effect of surface-bound H2O and bidentate formate, doping with Pt was investigated to make the surface less oxophilic and more carbophilic, indicating a possible design strategy toward more active and selective carbide electrocatalysts.
Decoupling actin assembly from microtubule disassembly by TBC1D3C-mediated direct GEF-H1 activation
Authors: Luan Yi , Deng Zhifeng , Zhu Yutong , Dai Lisi , Yang Yang , Xia Zongping
Published: October 2024

Actin and microtubules are essential cytoskeletal components and coordinate their dynamics through multiple coupling and decoupling mechanisms. However, how actin and microtubule dynamics are decoupled remains incompletely understood. Here, we identified TBC1D3C as a new regulator that can decouple actin filament assembly from microtubule disassembly. We showed that TBC1D3C induces the release of GEF-H1 from microtubules into the cytosol without perturbing microtubule arrays, leading to RhoA activation and actin filament assembly. Mechanistically, we found that TBC1D3C directly binds to GEF-H1, disrupting its interaction with the Tctex-DIC-14-3-3 complex and thereby displacing GEF-H1 from microtubules independently of microtubule disassembly. Super-resolution microscopy and live-cell imaging further confirmed that TBC1D3C triggers GEF-H1 release and actin filament assembly while maintaining microtubule integrity. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that TBC1D3C functions as a direct GEF activator and a novel regulator in decoupling actin assembly from microtubule disassembly, providing new insights into cytoskeletal regulation.
ENHANCING THE PROFESSIONALISM OF CIVIL SERVANTS: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE OECD COUNTRIES
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Davletbayeva Zhuldyz , Utepkaliyeva Bibigul , Dussipov Yerkin , Torebekova Zulfiya
Published: October 2024

Professionalization of official activities is an important link in the process of strengthening the public service and increasing customer focus in relations between the public and private sectors. Time dictates higher demands on the professional and personal qualities of managers and ordinary employees of gov-ernment agencies. Communication skills, flexibility in decision making, and analytical skills come to the fore. The aim of this article is to study the experience of OECD countries in this area, the main trends in the training and retraining of officials, with the development of recommendations for improving ap-proaches to the professionalization of the state apparatus in Kazakhstan. The study examines and sum-marizes cases from countries such as the UK, USA, Canada, Japan, France, Lithuania, and Australia. In addition to the educational component, the policy of civil servants professionalization within the OECD countries is based on the meritocracy principles, gender equality, and continuous improvement of skills. Overall, the core principles for improving public service in OECD countries are professional, strategic and innovative. The paper concludes with recommendations aimed at advancing the professionalization of Kazakhstan’s state apparatus, drawing on current practices and lessons learned from international best practices.
SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN KAZAKHSTAN: PARAMETERS AND INDICATORS
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Ismagulova Anara , Massakova Saltanat
Published: October 2024

Social inequality has always been and remains one of the key problems of any economic system, to which both society itself and the state as a whole pay attention. In the article, this problem is inextricably linked with such aspects of state economic regulation as taxation, insurance, investment, which requires a special study of all criteria and indicators for the effective provision of social security of the population. The purpose of the study is to analyze social inequality in Kazakhstan using modern statistical meth-ods such as cluster analysis and ARIMA modeling.The scientific significance of the study is that it presents new insights to the analysis and modeling of social inequality in Kazakhstan. Practical significance can be observed in the analysis of parameters and dynamics of social inequality, which allows to identify vulnerable groups and focus on improving their social situation.Cluster analysis is carried out because of data on social and economic characteristics of the popula-tion, to identify groups similar in terms of well-being. The ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) method is used to model the dynamics of social inequality.The results of the study allowed us to identify the main parameters of social inequality in Kazakhstan. It was found that income inequality remains one of the most significant factors affecting the welfare of the population. Also, significant differences are observed in the level of education, access to health care and quality of housing conditions.The study represents an important contribution to the understanding of social inequality in Kazakh-stan, its parameters, and dynamics, as it allows us to assess the scale and structure of social inequality in Kazakhstan. Identify the most vulnerable groups of the population and identify the causes of their vulner-ability. To develop forecasts for the development of social inequality and assess possible risks.