bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-Component Hydrophilic Terpolymer Thin Film Systems for Imparting Surface Chemical Versatility on Various Substrates
Authors: Ko Yun Hee , Nguyen Hai Ha Tran , Branstetter Christopher R. , Park Soeun , Lee Jin-Kyun , Yang Jaesung , Jung Jangwook P. , Kim Myungwoong
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate a single-component hydrophilic photocrosslinkable copolymer system that incorporates all critical functionalities into one chain. This design allows for the creation of uniform functional organic coatings on a variety of substrates. The copolymers were composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)-containing monomer, a monomer that can release a primary amine upon UV light, and a monomer with reactive epoxide or cyclic dithiocarbonate with a primary amine. These copolymers are easily incorporated into the solution-casting process using polar solvents. Furthermore, the resulting coating can be readily stabilized through UV light-induced crosslinking, providing an advantage for controlling the surface properties of various substrates. The photocrosslinking capability further enables us to photolithographically define stable polymer domains in a desirable region. The resulting copolymer coatings were chemically versatile in immobilizing complex molecules by (i) post-crosslinking functionalization with the reactive groups on the surface and (ii) the formation of a composite coating by mixing varying amounts of a protein of interest, i.e., fish skin gelatin, which can form a uniform dual crosslinked network. The number of functionalization sites in a thin film could be controlled by tuning the composition of the copolymers. In photocrosslinking and subsequent functionalizations, we assessed the reactivity of the epoxide and cyclic dithiocarbonate with the generated primary amine. Moreover, the orthogonality of the possible reactions of the presented reactive functionalities in the crosslinked thin films with complex molecules is assessed. The resulting copolymer coatings were further utilized to define a hydrophobic surface or an active surface for the adhesion of biological objects.
Sizing and Selection of Pressure Relief Valves for High-Pressure Thermal–Hydraulic Systems
Authors: Bhowmik Palash K. , Sabharwall Piyush
Published: December 2023

This study covers the critical concerns related to the sizing, selection, installation, maintenance, and testing of pressure safety valves (PSVs). The aim is to ensure the safety of pressurized systems, hydrostatic transmission systems, and hydraulic plants, including process plants, thermal power plants, and nuclear reactor systems. PSVs are devices that ensure the safety and reliability of pressurized vessels, lines, and systems during overpressure events. The task of selecting which PSV features are of greatest value for a specific purpose is complex—especially in the design of a high-pressure experimental thermal–hydraulic facility for hydrostatic and transient testing of the reactor system—when the systems are in the design and development phases and require qualification and demonstration to prove that they have reached a given level of technological readiness. The present study highlights the required steps for users to follow the associated rules, guidelines, and recommendations. As a part of this research, case studies are presented to help readers better understand the applicable strategy and standards. A discussion and a review of PSV performance degradation and failure are summarized to provide a better understanding of varied process applications and conditions, including fluid flow dynamics, boundary-layer formation and pressure drops, gas bubble formation and collapse, geometric configurations, inlet/outlet piping, abrupt pressure fluctuations, and acoustic resonance. Moreover, this study discusses the servicing and testing of PSVs in a multiphase pressurized system. Overall, it provides a basic overview of how PSVs ensure the safety of pressurized systems, supported by case studies and industrial practices.
Xylose Hydrogenation Promoted by Ru/SiO2 Sol–Gel Catalyst: From Batch to Continuous Operation
Authors: Barone Anna , De Liso Benedetta Anna , Grénman Henrik , Eränen Kari , Taddeo Francesco , Imparato Claudio , Aronne Antonio , Russo Vincenzo , Di Serio Martino , Salmi Tapio
Published: December 2023

Xylose is nowadays converted into xylitol, a popular special chemical sweetener. Xylitol can be used not only in the pharmaceutical and food industries, but also in cosmetics and synthetic resins because of its countless properties. Conventionally, xylitol is produced by slurry reactors operating in batch with dispersed or supported catalysts. Hydrogen is continuously fed to maintain a constant pressure. In this work, the kinetics of the reaction were investigated to find the optimal operating conditions to minimize the by-products obtained. Given the great performances shown by the new Ru/SiO2 sol–gel derived catalyst in glucose hydrogenation, in this work the mentioned catalyst was tested in the hydrogenation of xylose to xylitol both in batch and in continuous production to prove its stability and activity.
“O Piteous Spectacle! O Bloody Times!”: The Faithlessness of English Identity in 1, 2, and 3 Henry VI
Authors: Carter Matthew
Published: December 2023

Shakespeare’s Henry VI trilogy is jam-packed with spectacle: heads are severed and made to kiss, women dress as men and lead armies, ghosts predict the future, and a plethora of miracles take place all over the various locales we visit across fifteen acts. In fact, if “faith is… the evidence of things not seen,” as asserted by the author of Hebrews, then the Henry VI plays are entirely devoid of faith, by the merit of bringing miraculous events from the realm of faith into the realm of observational knowledge. Of note, then, is the fact that the trilogy depicts Henry as a weak king whose main virtue is his commitment to his faith. Compared to other kings in Shakespearean history plays, Henry is almost-constantly referencing the spiritual world, and the world he lives in is so full of miraculous happenings that miracles themselves run the risk of becoming banal. Perhaps surprisingly, given the trilogy’s thematic investment in miracles and spirituality, the English are defined in the plays as destroying or debunking miraculous spectacles. From Gloucester outsmarting Simpcox in his feigned healing to the putting-down of two witches (Joan in 1 Henry VI and Margery Jourdain in 2 Henry VI), it seems that, despite Henry’s incredible devotion, his courtiers raise skepticism to the level of modus operandi. In this essay, I hope to examine the way that the second Henriad depicts a version of England that places logic and skepticism in the seat of faith, while its ruler’s faith is often both uninterrogated and misplaced. Shakespeare stages a teleology of spectacle that highlights English faithlessness as a source of internecine struggle and insurrection, while also cautioning against naivete in the face of canny nemeses.
A Christian Pluralistic Hypothesis: To Bonhoeffer and beyond—A World Christianity
Authors: Gorsuch Greg
Published: December 2023

This essay investigates Bonhoeffer’s undeveloped concept of “Unconscious Christianity” and how a protracted understanding of his religionless Christianity in a culture “come of age” points to a viable Christian pluralistic hypothesis—how Christ and the Spirit are redemptively active outside the church. Bonhoeffer’s living faith action transcends his theology, revealing unconscious dynamics within our interactions that reveal antecedent relational dynamics that open to the redemptive process, which transcend but do not obviate the cognitive elements of faith. New scriptural themes and concepts of relationality and perichoretic metaphysics bring greater biblical coherence and meaning to one particular biblical passage that has apparently remained meaningless (Matt 12:32). This new meaning and coherence within the scriptures radically alter Christianity’s relationship to the outside world and transforms our understanding of the Great Commission.
Toward a European Facility for Ground-Based Radar Observations of Near-Earth Objects
Authors: Pupillo Giuseppe , Righini Simona , Orosei Roberto , Bortolotti Claudio , Maccaferri Giuseppe , Roma Mauro , Mastrogiuseppe Marco , Pisanu Tonino , Schirru Luca , Cicalò Stefano , Tripodo Antonio , Harju Jorma , Penttilä Antti , Virkki Anne K. , Bach Uwe , Kraus Alexander , Margheri Alessio , Ghiani Riccardo , Iacolina Maria N. , Valente Giuseppe , Koschny Detlef , Moissl Richard , Sessler Gunther
Published: December 2023

In this work, we present the preliminary results of radar observations of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) carried out by European radio telescopes in the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA) project “NEO observation concepts for radar systems”, aimed at deriving the functional requirements of a planetary radar system, evaluating the available European assets to perform NEO radar observations, and carrying out test radar campaigns. In the first part of the project, we executed the performance analysis of a possible European planetary radar system. Instrumental features, as much as issues like the impact of weather conditions on signal propagation at different radio frequencies, were considered. This paper focused on the test campaigns, performed in the years 2021–2022 in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which led to the observation of several asteroids including 2021 AF8, (4660) Nereus, and 2005 LW3, which allowed us to derive astrometric measurements, as well as to measure physical properties, such as rotation periods, and observe how one of the targets is actually a binary asteroid. The obtained results demonstrated that European radio astronomical dishes, although employed only as receivers (in bistatic or multistatic configurations) and for a limited amount of time, are able to provide a significant contribution to the constitution of a European network to increase the opportunities for NEO monitoring and studies, if a transmitting antenna—equipped with a suitable high-power transmitter—were made available.
Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Change of Ecological Quality under the Context of Urban Expansion—A Case Study of Typical Urban Agglomerations in China
Authors: Guo Yinkun , Zhao Siqing , Zhao Xiang , Wang Haoyu , Shi Wenxi
Published: December 2023

As a significant manifestation of human activities influencing natural environment, rapid urbanization has enhanced economic prosperity while simultaneously posing threats to ecological quality. Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), the core region of the Yangtze River Delta (CYRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) stand as three major economic centers characterized by the highest level of urbanization in China, encompassing areas of heightened ecological sensitivity. Nevertheless, the ecological quality at the scale of urban agglomerations remains ambiguous, with many studies failing to develop a comprehensive and effective method for comparing diverse urban agglomerations. Consequently, this study integrates multi-source remote sensing data, including information on land cover and other socio-economic parameters, to construct the Ecological Quality Index (EQI) based on the “Function–Interaction–Pressure–Stability” (FIPS) framework. Through a stratified determination of indicator weights grounded in both objective importance and empirical knowledge, we mapped the spatiotemporal changes of EQI and analyzed the impact of urbanization on ecological quality in three urban agglomerations from 2001 to 2020. We determined the following: (1) The calculated EQI can further capture the nuanced details with better performance at both underlining the discrepancy of highs and lows of EQI and describing the spatial detail of urban agglomerations’ characteristics. (2) Substantial disparities in EQI and its changes are evident across different urban agglomerations. Notably, only the average EQI improves in PRD, while ecological degradation is prominent in specific regions, such as the southeastern plains of BTH area, along the Yangtze River, and around Shanghai in CYRD and central PRD. The CYRD exhibits the largest affected area. (3) Urbanization predominantly influences ecological quality through land cover transitions. In expansion areas, ecological deterioration is significantly more pronounced, constituting approximately 90% of the total area. (4) Despite significant urbanization, city-level analysis in CYRD reveals a better coordination between urban expansion and ecological protection, with a lower intensity of ecological degradation compared to urban expansion rates. Conversely, some cities in the BTH, despite modest urban expansion, exhibit substantial declines in ecological quality, highlighting the need for targeted policy interventions. In conclusion, this study elucidates the intricate relationship between urbanization and ecological quality, offering valuable insights for the development of targeted protection strategies and sustainable urban planning.
Potential of Calabash (Lagenaria siceraria) and Sweet Potato (Solanum tuberosum) for the Remediation of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-Contaminated Soils in Tanzania
Authors: Tindwa Hamisi J. , Singh Bal Ram
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted to test the potential of calabash, sweet potato, pumpkin, simsim and finger millet to phytoaccumulate dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites from NHC Morogoro- and PPO Tengeru-contaminated sites. Parallel field and screenhouse-potted soil experiments were performed to assess the efficacy with which the test plants phytoaccumulate DDT from the soil. In the screenhouse experiment, treatments were laid out following a split-plot arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD), with the main plots comprising two DDT concentration levels–low (417 mg kg−1) or high (2308 mg kg−1)—and the plant species Cucurbita pepo, Lagenaria siceraria, Ipomoea batatus, Sesamum indicum and Eleusine coracana were considered as subplots. A field experiment with the same crop species as the treatments was laid out in a randomized complete block design, and both experiments were performed in triplicate. In addition to determining the concentration of persistent organic pesticides in the soil profile, parameters such as the total DDT uptake by plants, shoot weight and shoot height were monitored in both potted soil and open field experiments. Overall, calabash and sweet potato exhibited the highest (4.63 mg kg−1) and second highest (3.45 mg kg−1) DDT concentrations from the high residual DDT potted soil experiment. A similar trend was observed when the two plants were grown in low DDT soil. Sweet potato recorded the highest shoot height and weight in the potted soil experiments, indicating that increasing amounts of DDT had a minimal effect on the plant’s growth. Although sweet potato outperformed calabash in the amounts of DDT concentration in the shoots under open field experiments, the uptake of DDT by calabash was the second highest. Calabash—a wild non-edible plant in Tanzania—presents a potential phytoremediation alternative to edible and much studied pumpkin.
Economic Feasibility Analysis of Greenhouse–Fuel Cell Convergence Systems
Authors: Lee Chul-sung , Shin Hyungjin , Park Changi , Park Mi-Lan , Choi Young
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the economic feasibility of introducing a new energy system, the greenhouse–fuel cell convergence system (GFCS), to a greenhouse that consumes a lot of energy. The GFCS is a concept that uses the heat generated during the power generation process to cool and heat the greenhouse, uses the emitted CO2 as fertilizer inside the greenhouse, and sells the generated electricity. For economic evaluation, the annual energy consumption of the greenhouse was first calculated through simulation, and then the appropriate fuel cell capacity was determined. Next, a farmer-led business model and a utility-led business model were presented, and the economic feasibility of these models was evaluated for tomatoes and mangoes. The economic evaluation of the GFCS confirmed the economic feasibility by comparing it with a greenhouse equipped with a geothermal heat pump. The results of the economic evaluation revealed that the farmer-led model had a benefit–cost ratio (B/C) ranging from 0.62 to 0.65 even with government support for heat utilization facilities, which was lower than that of a typical greenhouse (1.03 to 1.06). On the other hand, the utility-led model showed high B/C ranging from 1.19 to 1.86. If the initial investment cost of the fuel cells is reduced and a government policy is appropriately supported, the GFCS can be economically applied to greenhouses.
Sustainable Biocomposites Based on Invasive Rugulopteryx okamurae Seaweed and Cassava Starch
Authors: Santana Ismael , Felix Manuel , Bengoechea Carlos
Published: December 2023

The development of plastic materials based on cassava reduces the dependence on non-biodegradable petroplastics, and enhances the sustainability of the cassava value chain. In this sense, cassava starch (CS) is used as a reinforcer of biocomposites that also contain brown seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae (RO). RO is an invasive species whose accumulation poses a strong environmental burden in the strait of Gibraltar. Because it can be used as a biopolymer, its use in the plastics industry would promote a healthy ecosystem. Thus, RO/CS mixtures with different RO/CS ratios (from 100/0 to 30/70) were processed through injection moulding at 140 °C. The thermal properties of plastic samples have been analysed through calorimetric, thermogravimetric and rheological techniques. Moreover, the mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and microstructure of samples have also been studied. Thus, biopolymer degradation of the composites seems to happen at 213–303 °C, as revealed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the samples, whereas an exothermic peak observed in DSC at 350–500 °C would be related to the degradation of organic compounds in anaerobic conditions. Rheological tests evidenced a softening of the RO/CS biocomposites when CS content increased in the formulation, so that elastic moduli dropped from 23.72 MPa in the 70/30 to 5.69 MPa for 30/70. However, RO/CS biocomposites became more resistant and deformable as CS content increased: maximum stress and strain at break increased from 78.2 kPa and 0.14% (70/30 system) to 580 kPa and 25.2% (30/70), respectively. Finally, no important differences were observed in their water uptake capacities or microstructures when increasing CS ratio in the mixture. As cassava starch can be extracted from agro-industrial wastes (i.e., cassava peel and bagasse), its use in biocomposites could be of great use for a more sustainable approach for plastic materials.
Space Tourism: A Historical and Existential Perspective
Authors: Schweinsberg Stephen , Fennell David
Published: December 2023

The growth of space tourism over recent decades has led to calls to formalise its ethical positioning and sustainability credentials in the eyes of society. With tourism ethics frameworks typically developing according to human-centred viewpoints, how might we develop ethical reference points for future space tourism when technological innovation progresses to the extent where we are exploring the unknown? To explore the unknown, we have conducted a colonial reflection on the behaviour and attitudes of Captain James Cook and the crew of HMS Endeavour when they visited Australia in 1770. From a methodological perspective, we have drawn on extracts from the voyage journals, examining the information that they provide through the lens of existentialism. Through this examination we explore some of the challenges that future space tourists might face being authentic to themselves when exploring the unknown. This includes the challenges in avoiding ‘bad faith’ in our dealings with other life-forms and the abdication of our own personal responsibility to act in a manner which is ethical.
Strategic Minerals for Climate Change and the Energy Transition: The Mining Contribution of Colombia
Authors: Bedoya Londoño Jheyson Andres , Franco Sepúlveda Giovanni , De la Barra Olivares Erick
Published: December 2023

To transition to carbon neutrality by the year 2050, copper, lithium, rare earths, cobalt, nickel, and silver are essential due to their use in the manufacture of electric cars, lithium batteries, wind turbines, solar panels, motors, and electrical wiring. The main goal of this study is to carry out a mining approach of the prospective areas of Colombia with strategic minerals for energy transition and climate change, analyzing the geospatial location, mining rights, mineral extraction, and royalty collection. Open data from SGC, ANM, and SIMCO geoportals were consulted. The prospective areas totaled 311,535.2 km2, equivalent to 27.3% of Colombia, and were located mainly in the Andes Mountains. The total area of mining rights and applications with strategic minerals for the energy transition is 112,802.2 km2 or 9.9% of Colombia, representing 5731 rights and 3939 applications. From 2012 to 2023, 448,330 tons of nickel, 172.9 tons of silver, and 171.6 tons of copper were mined in Colombia, which has contributed USD 513,140,286 as royalties to the state. No royalties have been earned from the extraction of rare earths, lithium, or cobalt. Fulfilling the Paris Agreement is possible with new sustainable mining projects of strategic minerals.
Effects of Sodium Silicate Alkali Sludge on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of an Alkali-Activated Slag System
Authors: Gao Liyan , Ren Lijie , Wan Xiaomei , Jin Zuquan , Wang Hong
Published: December 2023

The application of alkali sludge (derived from sodium silicate production) as a supplementary material for the cementitious system of alkali-activated slag was investigated through tests of mechanical strength, rheology, heat of hydration, and microscopic analysis. The enhanced alkali sludge dosage and alkali equivalent content increased the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the alkali-activated slag while decreasing the fluidity due to the better water absorption of the alkali sludge, which increased the flocculation of the particles. The compressive strength reached the maximum, with 30% alkali sludge and 7% alkali equivalent content. The addition of the alkali sludge postponed the formation of the hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) gel and, therefore, delayed the peak heat of hydration, but ultimately increased the total hydration heat release. The major hydration product of calcium silicate hydrate was found in the alkali-activated slag with a 10–30% blend of alkali sludge. This work provides a reference for the utilization of alkaline solid waste from the chemical industry as an alkali activator in cementitious construction materials.
Perceived Health and Nomophobia among Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Depression and Stress
Authors: Notara Venetia , Vagka Elissavet , Lagiou Areti , Gnardellis Charalambos
Published: December 2023

Nomophobia refers to the contemporary fear of being unable to communicate sufficiently via a smartphone. As reported in the literature, nomophobia leads to excessive smartphone use, and one of the crucial issues of this overuse is its effect on physical and mental health. The current study aimed to investigate the association between perceived health assessments and nomophobia among young adult smartphone users through the mediating role of depression and stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1408 young adults aged 18–25 in Athens, the capital city of Greece. Data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire and included information on sociodemographic characteristics, patterns of smartphone use, self-perceived health status, and depressive and stress symptoms. Nomophobia was assessed using the “Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)”. The effect of nomophobia on perceived health was analyzed by taking into account its effect on depression and stress. The results indicate a positive significant association between nomophobia and overall health burdening (i.e., musculoskeletal, hearing/vision, and psychosomatic symptoms). Depression and stress seem to play a significant mediating role in this association. Raising awareness through health-promoting interventions could play a pivotal role in eliminating the phenomenon of nomophobia and its consequences.
Price Competition and Shifting Demand: The Relation between Palm and Coconut Oil Exports
Authors: Pratama Bayu Rizky , Tooy Dedie , Kim Jonghwa
Published: December 2023

Despite having a strong production capacity for fresh coconut, Indonesia has a certain deficiency in coconut processing, particularly coconut oil products, which is reflected in the declining market demand rates. The skyrocketing price of palm kernel oil (PKO) had been observed to impact the shifting demand for coconut oil. The cross-price competition with PKO was estimated to uncover the potential market demand for Indonesian coconut oils, especially during the periods of price discrepancies between 2020 and 2022. Thus, our study aimed to analyze the Indonesian coconut oil and palm kernel oil (PKO) market relationship as the markets reacted during the period of price volatility. This study is essential for Indonesian market evaluation, as both commodities are considered to be perfect substitute goods and are similar substances that contain high levels of lauric acid called “lauric oils”. We deployed an ARDL analysis utilizing secondary data from 1964 to 2022, focusing on the cross-price elasticity between coconut oil and PKO prices with the addition of prominent concerned variables. In the long-term estimations, the observational results indicated that the coconut oil and PKO prices had distinctive impacts on Indonesian coconut oil exports of −1.85% and 1.88%, respectively. In the short-term estimations, we found inverse values: the coconut oil price had positive impacts in the short-term period of 1.29% (D1.) and 2.35% (LD.), while the PKO had a negative impact on Indonesian coconut oil exports of −2.17%. This indicated that a PKO price reduction would increase the demand for Indonesian coconut oil exports due to the PKO price volatility and uncertainty perceived by the buyers in the short term. Our study also observed that rival producers, such as the Philippines, had a negative impact (−1.80%), representing the intense competition between Indonesia and the Philippines. Therefore, the Indonesian government has to elevate its coconut oil competitiveness to acquire the potential to expand the market and compete with other major coconut-producing countries.
Entropic Inflation in Presence of Scalar Field
Authors: Odintsov Sergei D. , D’Onofrio Simone , Paul Tanmoy
Published: December 2023

In spirit of the recently proposed four-parameter generalized entropy of apparent horizon, we investigate inflationary cosmology where the matter field inside of the horizon is dominated by a scalar field with a power law potential (i.e., the form of ϕn where ϕ is the scalar field under consideration). Actually without any matter inside of the horizon, the entropic cosmology leads to a de-Sitter spacetime, or equivalently, an eternal inflation with no exit. Thus in order to achieve a viable inflation, we consider a minimally coupled scalar field inside the horizon, and moreover, with the simplest quadratic potential. It is well known that the ϕ2 potential in standard scalar field cosmology is ruled out from inflationary perspective as it is not consistent with the recent Planck 2018 data; (here it may be mentioned that in the realm of “apparent horizon thermodynamics”, the standard scalar field cosmology is analogous to the case where the entropy of the apparent horizon is given by the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy). However, the story becomes different if the horizon entropy is of generalized entropic form, in which case, the effective energy density coming from the horizon entropy plays a significant role during the evolution of the universe. In particular, it turns out that in the context of generalized entropic cosmology, the ϕ2 potential indeed leads to a viable inflation (according to the Planck data) with a graceful exit, and thus the potential can be made back in the scene.
Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Communities in Marine Ecosystems
Authors: He Yaodong , Sen Biswarup , Wang Guangyi
Published: December 2023

The ecological and scientific significance of microbial communities in marine ecosystems is underscored by their diverse and dynamic nature [...]
Numerical Modeling of Groundwater Dynamics and Management Strategies for the Sustainable Groundwater Development in Water-Scarce Agricultural Region of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Raheem Abdul , Ahmad Ijaz , Arshad Arfan , Liu Jinping , Rehman Zia , Shafeeque Muhammad , Rahman Md , Saifullah Muhammad , Iqbal Umar
Published: December 2023

Focusing on the Lower Bari Doab Canal (LBDC) command area, characterized by its heavy reliance on agriculture, this study addresses the critical issue of groundwater table fluctuations in response to diverse pumping scenarios. Herein, we comprehensively evaluated the dynamic interplay between crop water requirements and groundwater pumping within the expansive canvas of the LBDC, which is facing water shortages. Using the Penman–Monteith equation, we calculated annual average evapotranspiration for major crops—wheat, maize, cotton, rice, and sugarcane. Three-dimensional MODFLOW-based numerical modeling was used to analyze the dynamics of groundwater regimes. MODFLOW was calibrated from 2010 to 2020. Thereafter, we simulated water table changes under a 20% increase and decrease in groundwater extraction up to 2040s. Results revealed significant variations in water demands among these crops, with sugarcane requiring the highest average annual evapotranspiration at 1281 mm. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed substantial declines in the water table in the tail-end command areas, particularly Sahiwal and Khanewal where the decline was 0.55 m/year between 2010 and 2020. The upper reaches, such as Balloki and Okara, experienced milder declines. In considering management scenarios, a 20% increase in groundwater extraction up to September 2040 was projected to raise pumping to 4650 MCM/year. and decrease the net water balance to −235 MCM/year. Alternatively, a 20% decrease in groundwater extraction up to September 2040 could reduce pumping to 4125 MCM/year and increase the net water balance to 291 MCM/year. This study sheds light on major crop water requirements, spatiotemporal groundwater dynamics, and the implications of groundwater extraction in the LBDC command area. Scenarios presented here, encompassing increased and decreased groundwater extraction, offer invaluable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders seeking a balance between agricultural productivity and long-term groundwater sustainability.
Water and Sediment Chemistry as Drivers of Macroinvertebrates and Fish Assemblages in Littoral Zones of Subtropical Reservoirs
Authors: Munyai Linton F. , Liphadzi Thendo , Mutshekwa Thendo , Mutoti Mulalo I. , Mofu Lubabalo , Murungweni Florence M.
Published: December 2023

Reservoirs are human-made ecosystems with diverse purposes that benefit humans both directly and indirectly. They however cause changes in geomorphological processes such as sediment cycling and influence the composition and structure of aquatic biota. This study aimed to identify water and sediment quality parameters as drivers of macroinvertebrates and fish communities during the cool-dry and hot-wet seasons in the littoral zones of three subtropical reservoirs (Albasini, Thathe and Nandoni). Macroinvertebrates and fish were collected from three sites (n = 3 from each site) in each reservoir. A total of 501 and 359 macroinvertebrates and fish individuals were collected throughout the sampling period, respectively. The present study employed a two-way ANOVA in conjunction with redundancy analysis (RDA) to assess the relationships that exist between water and sediment variables, macroinvertebrates diversity and species abundances across seasons. Based on the two-way ANOVA model, significant differences were observed across reservoirs for evenness, Simpson’s diversity, and total abundance, while seasonal differences were observed for most metrics, with exception for evenness. The RDA results identified four water variables (i.e., water temperature, oxidation–reduction potential, pH and conductivity) and one sediment metal (Mg) as the most important parameters in driving the fish community structure. Field observations and metal results attest that the Nandoni reservoir shows high concentrations of metals in sediments as compared to other reservoirs, suggesting that anthropogenic activities such as car washing, brick making, recreation, fishing, wastewater treatment work and landfill site may be the major contributor of metals to the Nandoni reservoir, which accumulate in the littoral zones. Findings of this study highlight the need to analyze reservoir ecological conditions at several scales. The study of macroinvertebrates and fish, water, and sediment chemistry in the littoral zone laid the groundwork for proposing measures for conserving aquatic ecosystems.
ANÁLISE E DISCUSSÃO DOS PLANOS DE MANEJO DAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO: ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL SISTEMA CANTAREIRA; FLORESTA ESTADUAL DE GUARULHOS E PARQUE ESTADUAL DE ITABERABA
Authors: Martins Magali , Costa Renata Cristina Araujo , Mesquita Marisa Vianna , Dalmas Fabricio Bau
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo relata o estudo em três planos de manejo da APA Sistema Cantareira, Floresta de Guarulhos e Parque Estadual do Itaberaba, quanto ao seu planejamento. O objetivo é de confirmar se estes planos de manejo estão em conformidade com a Lei 9.985/2000, de 18 de julho de 2000 que institui o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza  SNUC. Para tanto, foram feitas pesquisas bibliográficas com autores, nos próprios planos e nas Leis. Estes planos são de localidades nos municípios de Guarulhos e São Paulo. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa bibliográfica cabe uma continuidade, agora em loco para constatar a efetividade da gestão.
Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases as Extra Esophageal Manifestations of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Current State of the Problem
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Valitova E.R. , Baimakanova G.E. , Chebotareva M.V. , Berezina O.I. , Bordin D.S. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Healthcare and Medical Management of the Moscow City Health Department,   Tver State Medical University,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
Published: December 2023

Bronchial asthma, chronic cough, laryngitis, erosion of tooth enamel are attributed to extra esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This form of GERD is characterized by the difficulty of establishing the diagnosis and high frequency of ineffective therapy. The article describes the main endoscopic signs of damage to the esophagus and larynx, presents normal pH-impedance reflux monitoring and criteria for pathological reflux into the esophagus and the lower third of the pharynx, as well as the possibilities of additional diagnostic methods – esophageal manometry and pepsin test. Treatment of patients with extra esophageal manifestations of GERD is a difficult task; the results of randomized placebo-controlled studies are contradictory. At the same time, empirical therapy is most effective in patients whose extra esophageal symptoms are combined with typical ones
Lactulose: the Advantages and Place of the Drug in Clinical Recommendations
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Bordin D.S. , Indeikina L.Kh. , Vinnitskaya E.V. , Danilov M.A. , Sabelnikova E.A. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,   Tver State Medical University,   Scientific Research Institute of Healthcare and Medical Management of the Moscow City Health Department
Published: December 2023

Lactulose is a disaccharide derived from lactose milk sugar using β-galactosidase or epimerase and consisting of fructose and galactose. The first mention of lactulose dates back to 1929, but clinical interest in this drug appeared much later. In 1957, Petuely discovered that the use of lactulose increased the number of fecal bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium in infants. The features of the drug are described, the mechanism of action of which allows reproducing both laxative and prebiotic effects. The restoration of intestinal microbiocenosis is associated with the improvement in the course of diseases (constipation, hepatic encephalopathy) and the quality of patients’ life. Due to the possibility of use in different age periods, especially in sensitive categories, children, pregnant and elderly patients, as well as the duration and safety of its use, lactulose has advantages in comparison with other drugs. Considered the principles of lactulose use in patients with chronic functional constipation and liver diseases reflected in clinical recommendations
Rational Сhoice of Нepatoprotectors in the Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases
Authors:   Pavlov University, St. Petersburg, Mekhtiev S.N. , Mekhtieva O.A. , Berko O.M. ,   Gastroenterological Center "Expert", St. Petersburg
Published: December 2023

The modern pharmacological industry provides healthcare professionals and patients with the widest choice of medicines (drugs) and biologically active additives. At the same time, the choice of the drug, in addition to the instructions for use and clinical recommendations, is influenced by personal experience of use (both the doctor and the patient), the cost of the drug, advertising and other factors. The Register of Medicines of Russia contains about 30 hepatoprotectors and their combinations, represented by more than 130 original drugs and their generics. This article presents data on the epidemiology of liver diseases in the world and in Russia, the general stages of the pathogenesis of liver lesions and the key points of application of drugs, as well as the role of a new hepatoprotector (a combination of ursodeoxycholic acid with glycyrrhizic acid) in the treatment of liver diseases
Ophthalmic Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Demchenko A.N. , Kagramanova A.V. , Knyazev O.V. , Parfenov A.I. ,   Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management, Moscow,   Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology, Moscow
Published: December 2023

The article presents up-to-date data on the pathogenesis, classification and frequency of ophthalmic extraintestinal manifestations (OEM) of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Early detection of OEM is an important aspect of the management of IBD patients, since timely and effective therapy of combined immuno-inflammatory pathology has a positive effect on the prognosis of the disease and reduces the disability of IBD patients. The article provides information on methods of diagnostic of ophthalmic manifestations of IBD and treatment of patients with combined immuno-inflammatory pathology. The close interaction of gastroenterologists and ophthalmologists is an important link in the implementation of multidisciplinary management of patients with IBD and autoimmune uveitis. The use of genetically engineered biological drugs helps to control the course of IBD and ophthalmic manifestations, which prevents the development of complications and improves the quality of life of patients
Diseases of the Esophagus and Stomach: Evolution of Doctors' Attitude to Psychosomatic Aspects of Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Firsova L.D.
Published: December 2023

The stages of the evolution of theoretical ideas about psychosomatization in the development of diseases of upper digestive tract and practical issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with functional disorders are discussed
Ivo Vojnović i Ernest Katić o Bambinu Anice Bošković
Authors: Obradović Mojaš Jelena
Published: December 2023

U radu su sažete dosadašnje spoznaje iz kulturne povijesti Dubrovnika o čašćenju Bambina, figurica Božjeg Djetešca izrađenih u drvu ili vosku, mahom talijanske provenijencije iz 18. i 19. stoljeća sačuvanih u privatnim i crkvenim zbirkama, s izdvojenim pogledom na Bambina pjesnikinje Anice Bošković, sestre znamenitog Ruđera. Kipić Bambina koji se danas čuva u crkvi Sigurata u Dubrovniku predstavljao je ‘sveti kutak’ njihova obiteljskog doma, a odjeci duboke pobožnosti upućene Bambinu nadahnuli su književnike Iva Vojnovića i Ernesta Katića u dramskom i publicističkom stvaralaštvu. Sagledavajući njihovu književnu ostavštinu posvećenu Aničinoj snažnoj religioznosti i štovanju obiteljskog Božjeg Djetešca, ali i širu dubrovačku tradiranost čašćenja Bambina, ovo istraživanje rezultiralo je zaključkom o još uvijek živućem običaju u vjerskoj praksi jer se sačuvani primjerci Bambina kao dragocjeno kulturno-umjetničko i povijesno-ikonografsko nasljeđe još i danas izlažu i časte u božićnim prizorima suvremenog Dubrovnika.
Subcollectores
apostolici u dalmatinskim biskupijama u ranome novom
vijeku (16. – 18. st.)
Authors: Dundović Zdenko
Published: December 2023

Arhivsko gradivo mletačke magistrature „Sopraintendenti alle decime del clero“ vrijedno je povijesno vrelo za proučavanje crkvene ekonomske povijesti dalmatinskih biskupija tijekom mletačke uprave u ranome novom vijeku. Spomenuta magistratura spadala je u red državnih financijskih tijela, a temeljna joj je zadaća, od službene uspostave 1586. godine, bila regulirati fiskalna pitanja u odnosu na crkvene subjekte na području Mletačke Republike. Na temelju proučavanja spisa pohranjenih u fondu magistrature u Državnom arhivu u Veneciji u radu se nastojalo dati kraći povijesni prikaz načina izbora i djelovanja podsakupljača papinske desetine u dalmatinskim nad/biskupijama u ranome novom vijeku te prikazati poteškoće s kojima su se susretali. Na koncu rada donosi se popis podsakupljača papinske desetine u dalmatinskim biskupijama na temelju ekstrahiranih podataka u istraženim arhivskim spisima.
Evangelization and new media. Comparison of YouTube channels “Ascension” and “Nova Eva”
Authors: Valković Jerko , Fekeža Mirta
Published: December 2023

Several times throughout history, the Church faced new cultures, different languages, and new ways of communication. The transmission of the Gospel, within the new cultural context, meant a constant questioning of the possibilities of evangelization, in accordance with the special nature of new media and new communication patterns. This request becomes particularly relevant in last decades with the world of the Internet, recognizing the importance of presence in virtual spaces, but also noticing that the proclamation of the Gospel presupposes the use of a different language in a new digital environment.In this study, the authors analyze the evangelization activity of the Church in the virtual world, in particular the YouTube channels of two evangelization platforms: Ascension Presents (USA) and the Nova Eva (Croatia). Analyzing the frequency of publication of video contents, the methods of transmission, location of recording, the intended audience, the topics and the protagonists, the authors delineate the basic characteristics of such evangelization, and new possible paths for further action.
Determinan Status Kerawanan Pangan Rumah Tangga di Nusa Tenggara Timur 2021
Authors: Br Lumban Gaol Marta Desna Fitria , Sukim Sukim
Published: December 2023

Kerawanan pangan rumah tangga di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) memiliki urgensi untuk ditangani. Meskipun secara kewilayahan Provinsi NTT sudah berstatus tahan pangan pada tahun 2021, prevalensi penduduk mengalami kerawanan pangan di provinsi tersebut adalah tertinggi secara nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan status kerawanan pangan rumah tangga di Provinsi NTT tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua level unit analisis, yaitu level rumah tangga dan level kabupaten/kota dengan menerapkan metode regresi logistik biner multilevel. Data yang digunakan yaitu raw data dan publikasi dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Sebagian besar rumah tangga di Provinsi NTT berstatus rawan pangan. Determinan status kerawanan pangan rumah tangga di Provinsi NTT tahun 2021 ialah wilayah tempat tinggal, jenis kelamin Kepala Rumah Tangga (KRT), umur KRT, lapangan usaha KRT, jumlah Anggota Rumah Tangga (ART), status kemiskinan rumah tangga, status penerima bantuan pangan, sumber air minum layak, serta jumlah kelompok pertokoan dan pasar.
Performa Saham Sektor Energi selama Periode Covid-19 Delta dan Omicron di Indonesia
Authors: Firnanda Annisa , Budiasih Budiasih
Published: December 2023

Dalam kegiatan produksi, perusahaan energi memerlukan dana yang cukup, salah satunya dengan menerbitkan saham. Sebelum berinvestasi, investor memperhatikan tingkat pengembalian dan risiko, seperti kerugian finansial. Selain itu, volume perdagangan saham juga digunakan untuk menilai performa suatu saham. Pandemi Covid-19 memengaruhi risiko saham sektor energi di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Pemberitaan mengenai Covid-19 yang bermutasi memunculkan kepanikan investor, sehingga volatilitas (risiko) saham meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan risiko saham serta hubungan risiko saham dengan volume perdagangan saham sektor energi pada periode Covid-19 varian Delta dan Omicron. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa risiko saham sektor energi teridentifikasi pada periode Delta. Risiko saham sektor energi yang cukup stabil, cocok untuk investor tipe risk aversion. Diperoleh pula bahwa, terdapat hubungan positif antara risiko saham dan volume perdagangan saham sektor energi pada periode Delta dimana peningkatan atau penurunan volume perdagangan saham, diikuti oleh peningkatan atau penurunan risiko saham sektor energi.
Ketahanan Bersekolah Anak Miskin Usia 10-18 Tahun di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2021
Authors: Tanzil Kevin Leonard Christian , Ekaria Ekaria
Published: December 2023

Capaian belajar pada beberapa provinsi di Indonesia masih cukup rendah. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan terdapatnya beberapa provinsi dengan angka putus sekolah cukup tinggi salah satunya Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Anak yang berasal dari rumah tangga miskin memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk putus sekolah. Pada tahun 2021, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur menjadi provinsi dengan jumlah penduduk miskin terbesar ke-3 dan persentase penduduk usia sekolah terbesar di Indonesia. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran umum dari faktor internal dan eksternal penduduk miskin usia 10-18 tahun yang putus sekolah di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur tahun 2021 serta variabel yang memengaruhinya. Metode penelitian menggunakan data survei seosial ekonomi nasional 2021 dan analisis ketahanan hidup dengan accelerated failure time model. Menghasilkan menghasilkan variabel status bekerja, pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, status kelengkapan orang tua, dan status memperoleh Program Indonesia Pintar memengaruhi ketahanan anak bersekolah serta variabel status bekerja anak yang paling cepat mengalami putus sekolah.
Pemodelan EGARCH Return Saham, Emas, dan Cryptocurrency
Authors: Firdausia Farah Amira , Nasrudin Nasrudin
Published: December 2023

Investasi finansial adalah investasi yang dilakukan oleh pelaku ekonomi pada pasar keuangan melalui berbagai macam instrumen finansial seperti saham, emas dan cryptocurrency. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu memodelkan volatilitas return saham, emas dan cryptocurrency pada puncak pandemi Covid-19. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder harian harga tertinggi pada periode puncak pandemi Covid-19 dengan periode 1 November 2020 sampai 30 April 2022. Pemodelan volatilitas pada return saham, emas, dan cryptocurrency yang memiliki sifat asimetris menggunakan EGARCH(1,1), EGARCH(0,1), dan EGARCH(1,1). Pada ketiga instrumen investasi memiliki efek leverage yaitu berita buruk berdampak lebih besar daripada berita baik, serta estimasi volatilitas memberi hasil bahwa cryptocurrency adalah instrumen yang paling berisiko diikuti emas kemudian saham.