bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MỨC ĐỘ KỲ THỊ VỀ BỆNH TÂM THẦN VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH HIV TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: Mai Lê Xuân , Trần Thị Hoài Thương , Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Bích , Phạm Thị Thu Phương , Thái Thanh Trúc
Published: October 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Nhiều nghiên cứu cho thấy người bệnh HIV có nguy cơ mắc một số rối loạn tâm thần cao hơn so với dân số chung. Vì vậy, điều quan trọng là phải nâng cao sự hiểu biết của người bệnh HIV về sức khỏe tâm thần, đặc biệt là cải thiện mức độ kỳ thị về bệnh tâm thần ở nhóm người bệnh này. Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu này xác định mức độ kỳ thị về bệnh tâm thần và các yếu tố liên quan ở người bệnh HIV tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 900 người bệnh HIV đang điều trị tại sáu Khoa tham vấn hỗ trợ cộng đồng tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Người bệnh được phỏng vấn bằng bộ câu hỏi soạn sẵn có cấu trúc. Mức độ kỳ thị về bệnh tâm thần được đánh giá bằng thang đo CAMI-12. Kết quả: Điểm số kỳ thị về bệnh tâm thần là 55,0 ± 8,4 điểm. Có mối liên quan giữa kỳ thị về bệnh tâm thần với nhóm tuổi, giới tính, nghề nghiệp, trình độ học vấn, tình trạng hôn nhân, mối quan hệ với các thành viên trong gia đình, số năm nhiễm HIV, quen biết với người có bệnh tâm thần, sử dụng Internet để tìm kiếm thông tin về sức khỏe tâm thần. Kết luận: Mức độ kỳ thị về bệnh tâm thần của người bệnh HIV ở mức trung bình. Do đó, cần triển khai biện pháp can thiệp và tiếp cận hiệu quả để giảm thiểu kỳ thị về bệnh tâm thần trong cộng đồng người bệnh HIV.
MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA THỜI GIAN NHÂN ĐÔI CỦA THYROGLOBULIN VỚI TÁI PHÁT, DI CĂN Ở BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ TUYẾN GIÁP THỂ BIỆT HÓA SAU ĐIỀU TRỊ
Authors: Đặng Duy Cường , Chu Văn Tuynh , Phạm Văn Thái , Bùi Tiến Công , Mai Hồng Sơn , Lê Ngọc Hà
Published: October 2024

Mục đích: Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá mối liên quan giữa thời gian nhân đôi của thyroglobulin huyết thanh với tái phát, di căn ở bệnh nhân ung thư tuyến giáp thể biệt hóa sau điều trị. Phương pháp: 151 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật cắt tuyến giáp toàn bộ và điều trị I-131 tại khoa Y học hạt nhân, Bệnh viện TƯQĐ 108 có tái phát, di căn từ 2018 đến 2/2024. Bệnh nhân được coi là có tái phát, di căn khi có tổn thương sau thời gian không bệnh ít nhất 6 tháng hoặc xuất hiện tổn thương mới.Tg được đo ít nhất hai lần khi ức chế TSH bằng liệu pháp thay thế hormone tuyến giáp (TSH ≤ 0,5 uIU/ml) để tính thời gian nhân đôi của TgDT trước khi xác định tổn thương tái phát/di căn. Chúng tôi tiến hành phân tích mối quan hệ giữa đặc điểm lâm sàng, mô bệnh học, tình trạng di căn và TgDT. Kết quả: Thời gian trung bình của TgDT là 29,3 tháng. Nhóm tuổi từ 55 trở lên có TgDT thấp hơn nhóm dưới 55. Mối liên quan giữa mô bệnh học và TgDT, nghiên cứu của chúng tôi cho thấy TgDT ở nhóm ung thư thể nang thấp hơn nhóm ung thư thể nhú (p=0,048). Có mối liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa TgDT và di căn xa (p<0,001). Tiến hành phân tích dưới nhóm cũng cho thấy nhóm di căn xương có thời gian TgDT thấp hơn nhóm di căn phổi và di căn trung thất (p<0,05). Kết luận: TgDT có mối liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê với tái phát, di căn ở bệnh nhân ung thư tuyến giáp thể biệt hóa sau điều trị.
PENDAMPINGAN PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK TK KEMALA BHAYANGKARI KABUPATEN BATANG HARI
Authors: Yennizar Yennizar N , Librianty Herwina Dewi , Susanti Novi
Published: October 2024

Learning Management Assistance with a Scientific Approach at Kemala Bhayangkari Kindergarten, Batang Hari Regency. As mandated in Permendikbud No. 146 of 2014 concerning the curriculum for early childhood education, that learning management must be guided by the principles of learning, learning methods, and the character of early childhood. The learning approach used must be able to build scientific thinking in children through the 5 M process (observing, asking questions, gathering information, associating, and communicating). This activity aims to observe how the implementation of learning management in Kemala Bhayangkari Kindergarten as well as to assist Kemala Bhayangkari Kindergarten teachers in learning that focuses on implementing scientific thinking/scientific approaches in all children's activities. The limitations in this assistance are due to the time and available funds. The team's next hope is assistance for Kemala Bhayangkari Kindergarten in providing more varied experiences and play materials to fulfill children's freedom of play and fulfill the exploration of all their senses so that learning management is truly by the principles of learning, learning methods, and the character of early childhood.
Implementing Sign Language Recognition System using Flex Sensors
Authors: M. M Nwachukwu , C. E Eze , O. D Nnorom , H. A Nwebonyi , C. O Ezeagwu
Published: October 2024

Sign languages rely on a combination of handshapes, facial expressions, and body movements to convey meaning. They are usually learnt at a tender age as one’s first language. This paper is aimed at designing, implementing, and developing a sensor-based smart glove system for the recognition of sign language. The system includes a wearable glove embedded with flex sensors for detecting hand movement and gestures used in sign language. This information from the sensors is fed into a microcontroller running an algorithm that identifies the signs and modulates them into speech. The system was aimed to provide an inexpensive and effective solution for the deaf/dumb community to communicate with others through sign language. Thirty-one phrases have been successfully obtained in the implemented system. The evaluation regarding the performance of the system was conducted by conducting user studies and tests, and results were presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Current state of tourism human resources in Bac Ninh Province, Vietnam
Authors: Vu Thi Thao  , Nguyen Thi Thu Huong
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the development of the tourism industry has been contributing to promoting economic restructuring, while preserving and promoting the value of cultural heritage and natural resources; creating many jobs, improving people's lives; accelerating the process of international integration, promoting the image of the country and people of Vietnam. To continue promoting the achievements of the tourism industry, it is necessary to promote all resources of the industry, approach new trends and transform appropriately in the context of the impact of the current epidemic situation. In particular, developing tourism human resources, especially high-quality ones, is a direction in line with the trend of international economic integration. Human resources play a key role in determining the success or failure of tourism businesses. However, developing a high-quality human resource team for tourism is still a difficult problem.
Keywords: Human Resources, Tourism, Human Resources
A szociológia mint autonóm tudomány? A nyílt társadalomtudomány tétje ma Magyarországon
Authors: Gárdos Judit
Published: October 2024

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“Baltic Power” Energy Transition, Management of Renewable Energy Sources In Poland
Authors: FILIPOWICZ Magdalena
Published: October 2024

The article takes up the topic of wind power plants in the Baltic Sea. Currently, many such investments are being built, as experts estimate the region's potential at 85GW. The paper reviews the achievements of wind power in Poland to date and forecasts their future development. It also highlights the impact of these solutions on the local community, environment and economy of the region. The article points out that wind farms in the Baltic Sea can play an important role in Poland's energy transition. It reviews data from the Central Statistical Office (CSO) and the Ministry of Climate, from which it is clear that this energy sector is on an upward trend and worth investing in. One investment was selected which will be the first to be implemented and described in detail.
ADAPTATION OF THE WORLD EXPERIENCE OF CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Adam E.
Published: October 2024

The study contains an analysis of theoretical and practical issues of adapting the world experience of constitutional justice to the national legal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on general scientific and special scientific methods (historical and legal analysis, structural and functional, comparative legal, regulatory and others) the article discusses the experience of the best world practices, different jurisdictions, an attempt was made to create a model of constitutional justice that meets modern requirements in the Republic of Kazakhstan, aimed at the effective protection of human rights.The institution of constitutional control, which is constantly in different phases of transformation, is adapting in the legal systems of the states of the young democracy. The article presents a study of the adaptationof world experience in the development of the institution of constitutional control into the national legal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Issues of imperfection of the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regulating public relations related to the organization of constitutional proceedings, as well as ensuring effective practice of its application, have been identified.The study contains a number of practical proposals for improving the status and competence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the orbit of the results -recommendations on expanding the powers of the constitutional control body to check for compliance with the Constitution of the newly adopted constitutional laws, as well as laws introducing amendments and additions (according to the mandatory procedure); to limit the powers of the President to challenge any existing legal acts in the Constitutional Court, to give the Constitutional Court the right to check for compliance with the Constitution of the existing international treaties of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the official interpretation of the norms of constitutional laws on its own initiative, or at the request of the Supreme Court of the republic.
АНАЛИЗ ФОРМ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРАВОПОРЯДКА
Authors: Ережепқызы Р. , Жолмахан А.М. , Ибрагим А.Б.
Published: October 2024

В данной статье юридическая ответственность рассматривается как важный инструмент, способствующий укреплению экологического правопорядка. В работе проводится анализ различных форм юридической ответственности, таких как уголовная, административная и гражданская, с акцентом на их значимость в предупреждении экологических правонарушений и обеспечении охраны окружающей среды. Особое внимание уделяется практическим аспектам применения юридической ответственности в области экологического права и еѐ влиянию на соблюдение установленных экологических норм и требований. Акцентируется внимание на юридической ответственности как ключевомэлементе, обеспечивающем устойчивое развитие и поддержание экологического правопорядка.Цель исследования –проанализировать админи-стративную, уголовную ответственность и ее роль в предотвращении экологических правонарушений и обеспечении охраны окружающей среды. В статье также поднимаются вопросы, связанные с правоприменением, и предлагаются возможные направления для улучшения законодательства, направленного на усиление защиты окружающей среды. Методы исследования включают сравнительный анализ правовых норм, исследование законодательных актов, а также практических кейсов из области правоприменения. Результаты исследования: рекомендации по совершенствованию законодательства Республики Казахстан в области обеспечения экологического правопорядка. Ключевые выводы статьи касаются необходимости совершенствования законодательства для усиления защиты окружающей среды и повышения эффективности правоприменительных механизмов, что является важным элементом обеспече-ния устойчивого развития и поддержания экологического правопорядка.
ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ АДВОКАТОВ
Authors: Шимшек Ахмет , Абдукаримова З.Т.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассмотрены проблемы привлечения к ответственности адвокатов при осуществлении своих профессиональных обязанностей. Сегодняшняя реальность такова, что данный вопрос не в полной мере изучен научным сообществом, к тому же отсутствует единый подход касательно сущности ответственности адвоката, где не учтены специфика, особенность, основания привлечения к ответственностиадвокатов при осуществлении ими своих профессиональных обязанностей. Необходимость рассмотрения данной проблемы вызвана практикой увеличения случаев привлечения адвокатов к различным видам ответственности при осуществлении своих профессиональных полномочий. Наряду с этим авторы отмечают, что существующая модель привлечения к ответственности адвокатов с точки зрения законодательства не носит четкий регламентированный характер, что требует внесения корректив в действующее законодательство.
EFICÁCIA DAS INTERVENÇÕES NUTRICIONAIS NA PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Oliveira Gustavo Lopes de , Fabri Giullia Gonçalves , Figueira Luís Eduardo Oliveira , Nakagawa Frederico Noboro Figueiredo
Published: October 2024

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) representam a principal causa de mortalidade no mundo, sendo associadas a fatores de risco modificáveis, como dieta inadequada, sedentarismo e obesidade. Intervenções nutricionais têm se mostrado eficazes na prevenção e controle dessas doenças, uma vez que a dieta desempenha um papel crucial na modulação de fatores de risco, como hipertensão, dislipidemia e resistência à insulina. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão integrativa é avaliar as evidências científicas sobre a eficácia das intervenções nutricionais na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares, com foco em dietas específicas, como a mediterrânea, DASH e outras estratégias alimentares que visam a redução de fatores de risco. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca em bases de dados científicas, incluindo PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, para identificar estudos publicados entre 2010 e 2023 que analisassem intervenções nutricionais voltadas para a prevenção de DCV. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, estudos de coorte e revisões sistemáticas que abordaram o impacto de dietas hipossódicas, ricas em fibras, com restrição de gorduras saturadas e outros padrões alimentares na redução de eventos cardiovasculares. Após a triagem, 35 estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Resultados e Discussão: As evidências indicam que intervenções nutricionais baseadas na dieta mediterrânea e no padrão DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) estão associadas a uma redução significativa nos eventos cardiovasculares, como infarto do miocárdio e acidente vascular cerebral. A dieta mediterrânea, rica em ácidos graxos monoinsaturados, antioxidantes e fibras, demonstrou diminuir marcadores inflamatórios e melhorar o perfil lipídico. Já o padrão DASH, focado na redução de sódio e no aumento do consumo de frutas, vegetais e laticínios com baixo teor de gordura, mostrou-se eficaz no controle da pressão arterial. Além disso, dietas ricas em fibras e com baixa ingestão de gorduras saturadas também se destacaram por seus efeitos na diminuição dos níveis de colesterol LDL. Apesar dos resultados positivos, desafios relacionados à adesão a longo prazo e personalização das intervenções nutricionais foram identificados como barreiras importantes para maximizar os benefícios. Conclusão: As intervenções nutricionais desempenham um papel essencial na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares, com evidências robustas de que dietas como a mediterrânea e a DASH podem reduzir significativamente o risco de eventos cardiovasculares. No entanto, a adesão a longo prazo e a necessidade de adaptações individuais permanecem desafios a serem superados para potencializar os resultados.
INTEGRAÇÃO DE CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS NA PRÁTICA CLÍNICA DE DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DAS ABORDAGENS ATUAIS
Authors: Gregório Wendell Faria , Carvalho Filho José Sérgio de , Sena Filho Carlos Augusto da Conceição , Mesquita Carolina da Mata
Published: October 2024

Introdução: O cuidado paliativo visa proporcionar qualidade de vida a pacientes com doenças crônicas e incuráveis, focando no alívio de sintomas e suporte emocional. A integração precoce dos cuidados paliativos à prática clínica tem se mostrado eficaz na melhora do bem-estar e na redução de hospitalizações desnecessárias, além de contribuir para uma abordagem mais holística e centrada no paciente. No entanto, sua implementação ainda enfrenta barreiras, como falta de treinamento e sensibilização entre os profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: Esta revisão integrativa tem como objetivo analisar as abordagens atuais para a integração dos cuidados paliativos na prática clínica de doenças crônicas, discutindo suas contribuições e desafios para a qualidade do cuidado. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e SciELO, abrangendo estudos publicados entre 2013 e 2023. Foram incluídos artigos que abordassem a aplicação de cuidados paliativos em pacientes com doenças crônicas, como insuficiência cardíaca, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), demências e câncer. Foram analisados 24 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, com ênfase nos resultados de intervenções paliativas e nas estratégias de implementação. Resultados e Discussão: Os estudos revisados indicam que a integração precoce dos cuidados paliativos em pacientes com doenças crônicas melhora significativamente a qualidade de vida, alivia sintomas como dor e dispneia, e oferece suporte psicológico tanto para pacientes quanto para suas famílias. As abordagens mais eficazes envolveram equipes multidisciplinares e a educação contínua de profissionais de saúde. No entanto, a adoção ampla dos cuidados paliativos ainda é limitada por barreiras culturais, falta de recursos e a percepção errônea de que esses cuidados se restringem ao fim da vida. A necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais e a inclusão de protocolos paliativos em todas as fases da doença crônica foram destacadas como fatores essenciais para uma implementação mais eficaz. Conclusão: A integração dos cuidados paliativos na prática clínica de doenças crônicas é fundamental para melhorar a qualidade do cuidado, promover conforto e reduzir intervenções desnecessárias. Embora os benefícios sejam amplamente reconhecidos, a padronização dos cuidados paliativos e a superação de barreiras à implementação são desafios que precisam ser enfrentados para maximizar seus impactos.
Effectiveness of Cirrus Detection with MODIS Cloud Mask data
Authors: Nguyen Huu Żaneta , Kotarba Andrzej Z. , Wypych Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

Abstract. All clouds influence the Earth's radiative budget, with their net radiative forcing being negative. However, high-level clouds warrant special attention due to their atmospheric warming effects. A comprehensive characterization of cirrus requires information on cloud coverage, obtainable from various data types. Active satellite sensors are presently the most accurate source for cirrus data, but their usefulness in climatological studies is limited. On the contrary, passive data, available for the past 40 years with sufficient temporal resolution for climatological research, were not specifically designed for cirrus detection. In this study, we assessed the utility of MODIS standard products for creating a cirrus mask by validating them against CALIOP data. Our objective was to determine if a MODIS product exists that detects cirrus with the same accuracy as CALIOP. Using CALIOP data as the reference, we evaluated six tests for cirrus detection considered in MODIS cloud masking algorithm and their combination (ALL TESTS CONSOLIDATION, ATC). Additionally we applied two ISCCP-originating tests: ISCCP3.6 and ISCCP23 tests. All tests have been applied to MODIS radiances. Study revealed that ATC test was the most effective resulting with the overall accuracy of 72.98 % during daytime and 59.50 % at night (probability of detection: 80.87 % and 25.46 %, false alarm rate of 34.86 % and 6.90 %, and Cohen's kapppa coefficient of 0.46 and 0.19 respectively). However, its effectiveness was notably reduced during nighttime compared to daytime. We conclude that the test is suitable for creating a mask of high-level clouds.
The geothermal gradient shapes microbial diversity and processes in natural-gas-bearing sedimentary aquifers
Authors: Katayama Taiki , Yoshioka Hideyoshi , Yamanaka Toshiro , Sakata Susumu , Hanamura Yasuaki
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Deep subsurface microorganisms constitute over 80 % of Earth's prokaryotic biomass and play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. Geochemical processes driven by geothermal heating are key factors influencing their biomass and activities, yet their full breadth remains uncaptured. Here, we investigated the microbial community composition and metabolism in microbial-natural-gas-bearing aquifers at temperatures ranging from 38 to 81 °C, situated above nonmicrobial-gas- and oil-bearing sediments at temperatures exceeding 90 °C. Cultivation-based and molecular gene analyses, including radiotracer measurements, of formation water indicated variations in predominant methanogenic pathways across different temperature regimes of upper aquifers: high potential for hydrogenotrophic–methylotrophic, hydrogenotrophic, and acetoclastic methanogenesis at temperatures of 38, 51–65, and 73–81 °C, respectively. The potential for acetoclastic methanogenesis correlated with elevated acetate concentrations with increasing depth, possibly due to the decomposition of sedimentary organic matter. In addition to acetoclastic methanogenesis, in aquifers at temperatures as high as or higher than 65 °C, acetate is potentially utilized by microorganisms responsible for the dissimilatory reduction of sulfur compounds other than sulfate because of their high relative abundance at greater depths. The stable sulfur isotopic analysis of sulfur compounds in water and oil samples suggested that hydrogen sulfide, generated through the thermal decomposition of sulfur compounds in oil, migrates upward and is subsequently oxidized with iron oxides present in sediments, yielding elemental sulfur and thiosulfate. These compounds are consumed by sulfur-reducing microorganisms, possibly reflecting elevated microbial populations in aquifers at temperatures as high as or higher than 73 °C. These findings reveal previously overlooked geothermal-heat-driven geochemical and microbiological processes involved in carbon and sulfur cycling in the deep sedimentary biosphere.
Design of Wide Particle Size Range Aerodynamic Inlet System with New Pre-focus Structure
Authors: Huang Junhong , Li Lei , Li Xue , Huang Zhengxu , Cheng Zhi
Published: October 2024

Abstract. A new aerodynamic lens injection system has been designed for wide particle size range, which adds virtual impact and pre-focus structure on the basis of traditional PM2.5 lenses. The system has a small volume and successfully improves the focusing ability of traditional PM2.5 lens systems to 100 nm–10 μm. The structure of the new pre-focus hole solves the problem of affecting the transmission and focusing of large particles, effectively reducing the beam width and dispersion angle of particles entering the virtual impactor, significantly improving the focusing effect of large particles, and enhancing the transmission efficiency of large particles. It can also effectively focus particles without significantly accelerating particles, avoiding the structural size of the buffer chamber being too large. Numerical simulation shows that the new injection system can transmit particles with 100 % efficiency in the range of 0.2–4 μm particles, and can achieve the transmission of 1–9 μm particles with an efficiency higher than 90 %. The standard microsphere experiment verified the good consistency between the performance of the injection system and the simulation results. In the testing of standard Arizona dust, the wide-range particle size distribution obtained by the new injection system is highly consistent with APS 3321. The new injection system combines a new pre-focus structure, a smaller buffer chamber, a five-stage lens, and the whole injection system volume that is up to 90 % smaller than previous self-made wide-range lens designs. At the same time, it has ultra-high transmission efficiency, demonstrating the potential for miniaturization of single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in detecting particles with a wide particle size range.
Measurement report: Characterization of Aerosol Hygroscopicity over Southeast Asia during the NASA CAMP2Ex Campaign
Authors: Lorenzo Genevieve Rose , Ziemba Luke D. , Arellano Avelino F. , Barth Mary C. , Crosbie Ewan C. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Ferrare Richard , Hilario Miguel Ricardo A. , Shook Michael A. , Tilmes Simone , Wang Jian , Xiao Qian , Zhang Jun , Sorooshian Armin
Published: October 2024

Abstract. This study characterizes the spatial and vertical nature of aerosol hygroscopicity in Southeast Asia and relates it to aerosol composition and sources. Aerosol hygroscopicity via the light scattering hygroscopic growth factor, f(RH), is calculated from the amplification of PM5 aerosol (Dp < 5 μm) scattering measurements from < 40 % to 82 % relative humidity during the Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex) between August to October 2019 over the northwest tropical Pacific. Median f(RH) is relatively low (1.26 with lower to upper quartiles of 1.05 to 1.43) like polluted environments, due to the dominance of the mixture of organic carbon and elemental carbon. The f(RH) is lowest  due to smoke from the Maritime Continent (MC) during its peak biomass burning season, coincident with high carbon monoxide concentrations (> 0.25 ppm) and pronounced levels of accumulation mode particles and organic mass fractions. The highest f(RH) values are linked to coarser particles from the West Pacific and aged biomass burning particles in the region farthest away from the MC, where f(RH) values are lower than typical polluted marine environments. Convective transport and associated cloud processing in these regions decrease and increase hygroscopicity aloft in cases with transported air masses exhibiting increased organic and sulfate mass fractions, respectively. An evaluation of a global chemical transport model (CAM-chem) for cases of vertical transport showed the underrepresentation of organics resulting in overestimated modeled aerosol hygroscopicity. These findings on aerosol hygroscopicity can help to improve aerosol representation in models and the understanding of cloud formation.
Chemistry-climate feedback of atmospheric methane in a methane emission flux driven chemistry-climate model
Authors: Stecher Laura , Winterstein Franziska , Jöckel Patrick , Ponater Michael , Mertens Mariano , Dameris Martin
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The chemical sink of atmospheric methane (CH4) depends on the temperature and on the chemical composition. Here, we assess the feedback of atmospheric CH4 induced by changes of the chemical sink in a warming climate using a CH4 emission flux driven setup of the chemistry-climate model EMAC, in which the chemical feedback of CH4 mixing ratios can evolve explicitly. We perform idealized perturbation simulations driven either by increased carbon dioxide (CO2) mixing ratios, or by increased CH4 emission fluxes. The CH4 emission flux perturbation leads to a large increase of CH4 mixing ratios. Remarkably, the factor by which the CH4 mixing ratio increases is larger than the increase factor of the emission flux, because the atmospheric lifetime of CH4 is extended. In contrast, the individual effect of the global surface air temperature (GSAT) increase is to shorten the CH4 lifetime, which results in a significant reduction of CH4 mixing ratios in our setup. The corresponding radiative feedback is estimated at -0.041 W/m2/K and -0.089 W/m2/K for the CO2 and CH4 perturbation, respectively. The explicit adaption of CH4 mixing ratios leads to secondary feedbacks of the hydroxyl radical (OH) and ozone (O3). Firstly, the OH response includes the CH4-OH feedback, which enhances the CH4 lifetime change, and, secondly, the formation of tropospheric O3 is reduced. Our CH4 perturbation induces the same response of GSAT per effective radiative forcing (ERF) as the CO2 perturbation, which supports the applicability of the ERF framework for CH4.
Long vs. Short: Understanding the dynamics of persistent summer hot spells in Europe
Authors: Pappert Duncan , Tuel Alexandre , Coumou Dim , Vrac Mathieu , Martius Olivia
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The persistence of surface hot spells in Europe on subseasonal timescales can lead to significant socio-economic impacts. Here, we adopt a regional perspective to compare the dynamical features associated with long-lasting (persistent, 12–26 days) and short-lived (4–5 days) regional-scale hot spells over Europe during summer using the ERA5 reanalysis. We identify six coherent regions in Europe (Southwestern Europe, Western Europe, Central-Southern Europe, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe and Northwestern Russia) defined by the clustering of gridcells which experience long-lasting hot spells at the same time. Temperatures are averaged across these regions for an analysis of hot spells in SW and W Europe. In SW Europe, persistent hot spells are tightly linked to antecedent soil dryness. Significant soil moisture anomalies are present in the weeks prior to and during the hot spells, but not prior to short hot spells. Persistent hot spells are associated with larger and higher magnitude positive blocking frequency anomalies compared to short spells as well as a significant positive frequency anomaly of cutoff lows upstream and south-west of the region, while the jet stream is shifted northwards. Large-scale anticyclonic Rossby wavebreaking over Europe and the Mediterranean is also often associated with persistent hot spells in SW Europe. During short spells the upstream jet is located further south and the upstream wavetrain is more zonally oriented, pointing to a more transient large-scale upstream flow configuration matching the more transient nature of the spells. In W Europe persistent hot spells are marked by strong land-atmosphere coupling, leading to intense soil desiccation during the events but no significant soil moisture anomalies prior to the events. A lower wavenumber Rossby wavetrain compared to the short spells indicates a more stationary upper-level flow during persistent spells. High blocking frequency and recurrent Rossby wave packets (RRWPs) feature in 87 % and 60 % of persistent events in this region, respectively. During short spells the upstream jet over the Atlantic extends further east and the upstream cyclone frequency is significantly higher than in the climatology, pointing to the important role of cyclones for the termination of short hot spells. In both regions several dynamical mechanisms (blocking, RRWPs, cutoff lows) are contributing to persistent spells; in 80% or more of the cases more than one type of mechanism was involved. The sequence of drivers during the persistent spells varies across spells. In both regions short spells are associated with a more transient flow situation upstream over the North Atlantic.
Particle and front tracking in experimental and computational avalanche dynamics
Authors: Neuhauser Michael , Köhler Anselm , Wirbel Anna , Oesterle Felix , Fellin Wolfgang , Gerstmayr Johannes , Dressler Falko , Fischer Jan-Thomas
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Understanding particle motion in snow avalanches is essential for unravelling the driving processes behind transport phenomena and mobility. Our approach to investigating avalanche dynamics at the particle level combines data from a novel inflow sensor system, the AvaNodes, with radar measurements and simulation results from the thickness integrated flow module of AvaFrame, the open avalanche framework. The radar measurements offer a comprehensive view of the avalanche, serving as a reference for the AvaNodes' trajectories within it. This synthesis provides a holistic overview of the motion of avalanche particles and the front. The utilized com1DFA module in AvaFrame, equipped with a numerical particle grid method, enables a direct implementation of numerical particle tracking functionalities, facilitating a comparison between measurements and simulations. This unique combination prompts questions about the comparability of simulations and measurements on a particle level, yielding new insights into the thickness integrated model's ability to replicate real-scale snow avalanche particle behaviour assuming a modified Voellmy friction relation. Our work also highlights current limitations of comparing radar measurements and synthetic particle sensor systems with numerical simulation particles. Minimizing the differences between measured and simulated particle velocities and front positions allows to identify optimal parameter settings for an observed avalanche event at the Nordkette test site. Using the best-fit parameter values yields deviations below 5–10 % for the maximum velocities and the resulting travel lengths. Beyond the best-fit simulations, the applied optimization method shows a wide range of suitable parameter sets causing equifinality within the investigated parameter space. Additionally, the results show that there is a trade-off between the accuracy of an optimization on single observables or the simultaneous optimization of particle and front behaviour.
A coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling approach for estimating rainfall thresholds of debris-flow occurrence
Authors: Wei Zhen Lei , Shang Yue Quan , Liang Qiu Hua , Xia Xi Lin
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Rainfall-induced hydrological processes and surface-water flow hydrodynamics may play a key role in initiating debris flows. In this study, a new framework based on an integrated hydrological and hydrodynamic model is proposed to estimate the intensity–duration (ID) rainfall thresholds that trigger debris flows. In the new framework, intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) analysis is carried out to generate design rainfall to drive the integrated models and calculate grid-based hydrodynamic indices (i.e., unit-width discharge). The hydrodynamic indices are subsequently compared with hydrodynamic thresholds to indicate the occurrence of debris flows and derive rainfall thresholds through the introduction of a zone threshold. The capability of the new framework in predicting the occurrence of debris flows is verified and confirmed by application to a small catchment in Zhejiang Province, China, where observed hydrological data are available. Compared with the traditional statistical approaches to derive intensity–duration (ID) thresholds, the current physically based framework can effectively take into account the hydrological processes controlled by meteorological conditions and spatial topographic properties, making it more suitable for application in ungauged catchments where historical debris-flow data are lacking.
HE SYSTEM OF COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD MEDICAL WASTE: CURRENT STATE, LEGAL REGULATION AND PROSPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Aytkazin Yerlan Maidanuly , Ibragimova Flyura Galimovna , Razieva Dinara Bagdatovna
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the problem associated with the uncontrolled release of household pharmaceutical waste accumulated from expired or unused medicines. The authors conducted a review of foreign experience in its legal support, referring to the need to introduce a new method of waste management in the country, in particular, a system for collecting and disposing of household medical waste, which is successfully available in the world, which will reduce environmental damage from these wastes. The existing systems of collection and disposal of household medical waste in European countries are analyzed in depth as successful samples. The authors propose to adopt a special law for the successful implementation of the system and regulation of its functioning and to amend and supplement the codes on the environment and the health of the people and the country's health system. In addition, the authorized bodies consider that the draft law, which should be revised and developed by some regulatory acts, should contain a certificate on household medical waste, be established by the participating entities, and consolidate their rights and obligations. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that this change is necessary today, given that the implementation of the system in the country and its legal support require measures and resources that must be implemented at a large-scale state level. According to the authors, the problem can be solved only by proper utilization of medical waste. For this purpose, the state should have a legal mechanism of appropriate regulation. And legal regulation in Kazakhstan operates only in relation to waste exported from health care organizations. In the era of intensive use of medicines in households, this becomes a big problem that needs to be solved.
PROBLEMS OF JUDICIAL ACTS REVIEW IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Ablaeva Elvira Bekbolatovna
Published: October 2024

The work is devoted to studying the problems of reviewing court decisions of lower courts by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article examines the control of higher courts over lower courts' activities in the system to ensure the rule of law in case consideration and decision-making. The procedure of reviewing judicial decisions by a higher court that have become effective and those that are not effective in the order of cassation and supervisory review, as well as representations of the President of the Supreme Court, and protests of the Prosecutor General of Kazakhstan, are investigated. Problems of citizens' implementation of their constitutional rights to judicial protection and appeals against court decisions are highlighted. The grounds for reviewing judicial acts that have entered into force, the range of subjects entitled to apply for review, criteria for the admissibility of appealing judicial acts as well as procedure for preliminary consideration of complaints and protest by a judge alone is shown. The analysis of these issues allows us to conclude that the current grounds and procedure for reviewing judicial decisions of the appeal and cassation courts based on the submissions of the Chairman of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General of the Republic of Kazakhstan firstly hinder the realization of citizens' constitutional right to judicial protection, including the right to appeal against judicial decisions, and secondly prevent the formation of consistency in judicial practice. The lack of guidance to lower courts on reviewing judicial decisions by way of cassation and supervision has once again convinced courts of their inability to achieve consistency in the interpretation and application of law, as well as failure to contribute effectively to citizens' exercise of the right to justice. The paper provides a critical analysis of judges, lawyers, and legal experts on the current process for the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan to review appeals and cassation court decisions. At the end of the paper, the author draws conclusions and makes suggestions regarding the enhancement of the constitutional right to judicial protection and uniformity in court practice.
OBJECTIVE SIDE OF THE ACT, PROVIDING FOR CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR PROVOCATION OF BRIBE TAKING: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA FEDERATION
Authors: Sadvakasova Adel Talgatovna
Published: October 2024

The presented scientific article highlights the problematic issues arising in law enforcement practice due to the imperfect content of the disposition of Article 417 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which provides liability for provocation of bribe taking. The author draws attention to the objective side of the considered act and the role of the concept of "attempt" used in the disposition of the considered norm. The relevance of the chosen topic is confirmed by the results of statistical data analyzed in the course of this study. The author conducted a comparative legal analysis with the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and studied the points of view of Kazakhstani and foreign researchers on this issue, in order to substantiate the author's position that under the provocation of bribery should be understood not only actions covered by the attempt to transfer the object of bribe, but also actions that include the transfer of the object of bribe. This inference is also based on the fact that, despite the identical wording used in the articles of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (that criminal liability is incurred for attempted provocation), the Normative Resolution of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation indicate that a person is not subject to criminal liability for bribery, if there was a provocation consisting in the transfer of the object of the bribe, i.e. it is the transfer itself, not the attempt. In conclusion, the author proposes amendments to the Kazakh legislation in order to improve it, namely to the criminal-legal norm provided in Article 417 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in order to exclude the facts of unjustified prosecution of persons for bribery.
A MODERN APPROACH TO THE REGULATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR ILLEGAL EXTRACTION OF AQUATIC BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF THE CIS COUNTRIES
Authors: Nurutdinova Ainur Zharylgasynkyzy , Tleulessova Bagila Tleulessovna
Published: October 2024

The scientific work examines some issues of legal regulation of the protection and use of aquatic biological resources. The work examines and analyzes the legislative experience of some CIS member states, including those belonging to the Caspian states. The presence of the latter is explained by the need for joint cooperation between States to combat illegal fishing of fish and other aquatic biological resources and preserve biological diversity. The article substantiates the question of the possibilities of developing the institution of legal responsibility for the illegal extraction of aquatic representatives of flora and fauna. In addition, the provisions of the articles of the criminal legislation of the CIS countries, which were influenced by the legislation of the Soviet Union, are considered. On this basis, the general distinctive features of the provisions on the application of criminal liability for non-compliance with legislation in relation to aquatic biological resources are identified. In addition, the peculiarities in the regulation of the studied legal relations by individual states are determined in terms of establishing the subject of the crime, qualifying signs of the corpus delicti, and the amount of damage to the environment. In addition, the paper raises the issue of international cooperation between countries regarding the protection and rational use of aquatic biological resources. In this regard, the most effective are the joint organizational actions of the States, which can be reflected in the Protocol on Cooperation currently under discussion in the Field of Combating Illegal Extraction (Poaching) of Biological Resources in the Caspian Sea. The authors propose recommendations on the development of this cooperation and the application of the experience of countries with a common history of criminal law development, but different approaches to the implementation of the goal of protecting aquatic biological resources.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE POWERS OF THE HEAD OF STATE
Authors: Tebayev Didar Bolatovich
Published: October 2024

In the article, the author examines the typology of powers of heads of state, the basis for the classification of powers, citing the opinions of foreign scientists. The analysis of scientific works shows the variety of types of grouping of powers of the head of state. The purpose of the scientific work is to identify problems in classifying the powers of the head of state on certain grounds and to develop proposals aimed at solving the identified problems. When writing the article, the author used a complex of general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition. The author notes that most scientists adhere to the so-called classical approach when classifying powers, the basis of which is the sphere of activity of the head of state. At the same time, some note some features in the typology of the powers of the head of state. For example, it is proposed to distinguish one’s own powers (some suggest calling them traditional), powers according to branches of government, internal and external, according to the method of implementation. Most powers have overlap, which leads to some confusion when classifying them. In his work, the author draws attention to such a category as the so-called “hidden” and other powers. The threat of both hidden and other powers lies in the possible unconstitutional expansion of their scope, including through judicial practice (Resolutions of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan). The author draws attention in detail to the author's classifications of the powers of the head of state. Some of them use bases that do not have a formal logical connection and have multiple intersections. Some classifications of non-CIS authors for the Republic of Kazakhstan are, in all likelihood, not relevant for systematizing the powers of the President. In conclusion, an assessment of the studied classifications of powers of heads of state is given and recommendations are given on the typology of powers of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
RESPONSIBILITY OF MEMBERS OF SELF-REGULATING ORGANIZATIONS: PECULIARITIES AND PROBLEMS OF REGULATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kiyazova Аlbina
Published: October 2024

In the scientific literature, the understanding of the legal nature of the responsibility of members of self-regulating organizations causes conceptual discrepancies. This liability is considered as a separate type of legal liability based on civil law principles. In the laws regulating issues of self-regulation with mandatory participation, the concept of disciplinary misconduct is used, which leads to the use of the name of this responsibility as «disciplinary». Nevertheless, the special grounds for the liability of members of a self-regulating organization, the subject composition and the nature of legal relations make it possible not to identify the responsibility in question with disciplinary liability in labor and administrative law. The Law on Self-Regulation and legislative acts concerning mandatory self-regulation contain the basics of regulating liability issues, but these norms need to eliminate contradictions. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the definition of the concept of responsibility of members of self-regulating organizations and its elements (misconduct, penalties). The study of internal documents of self-regulating organizations in terms of the responsibility of their members revealed the inconsistency of the content of the documents with certain requirements of the Law on Self-Regulation. Based on the results of this work, the specifics of the responsibility of members of self-regulating organizations are noted, the features and shortcomings of the regulatory regulation of this institution in the Republic of Kazakhstan are identified, facts of violations of legal norms in law enforcement practice are revealed, and differences in the approaches of organizations to choosing the procedure for bringing to responsibility and determining liability measures are established. Solutions are proposed for the identified shortcomings. The conclusions obtained in the course of this study can be used in scientific research and legislative work.
Sara Salman (2023) The Shaming State: How the U.S. Treats Citizens in Need. New York: New York University Press
Authors: Anderson Jordan
Published: October 2024

Jordan Anderson reviews The Shaming State: How the U.S. Treats Citizens in Need by Sara Salman