bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attenuating Neurogenic Sympathetic Hyperreflexia Robustly Improves Antibacterial Immunity After Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Mironets Eugene , Fischer Roman , Bracchi-Ricard Valerie , Saltos Tatiana M. , Truglio Thomas S. , O'Reilly Micaela L. , Swanson Kathryn A. , Bethea John R. , Tom Veronica J.
Published: November 2019

Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts critical physiological systems, including the cardiovascular and immune system. Plasticity of spinal circuits below the injury results in abnormal, heightened sympathetic responses, such as extreme, sudden hypertension that hallmarks life-threatening autonomic dysreflexia. Moreover, such sympathetic hyperreflexia detrimentally impacts other effector organs, including the spleen, resulting in spinal cord injury-induced immunodeficiency. Consequently, infection is a leading cause of mortality after SCI. Unfortunately, there are no current treatments that prophylactically limit sympathetic hyperreflexia to prevent subsequent effector organ dysfunction. The cytokine soluble tumor necrosis factor α (sTNFα) is upregulated in the CNS within minutes after SCI and remains elevated. Here, we report that commencing intrathecal administration of XPro1595, an inhibitor of sTNFα, at a clinically feasible, postinjury time point (i.e., 3 d after complete SCI) sufficiently diminishes maladaptive plasticity within the spinal sympathetic reflex circuit. This results in less severe autonomic dysreflexia, a real-time gauge of sympathetic hyperreflexia, for months postinjury. Remarkably, delayed delivery of the sTNFα inhibitor prevents sympathetic hyperreflexia-associated splenic atrophy and loss of leukocytes to dramatically improve the endogenous ability of chronic SCI rats to fight off pneumonia, a common cause of hospitalization after injury. The improved immune function with XPro1595 correlates with less noradrenergic fiber sprouting and normalized norepinephrine levels in the spleen, indicating that heightened, central sTNFα signaling drives peripheral, norepinephrine-mediated organ dysfunction, a novel mechanism of action. Thus, our preclinical study supports intrathecally targeting sTNFα as a viable strategy to broadly attenuate sympathetic dysregulation, thereby improving cardiovascular regulation and immunity long after SCI.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpinal cord injury (SCI) significantly disrupts immunity, thus increasing susceptibility to infection, a leading cause of morbidity in those living with SCI. Here, we report that commencing intrathecal administration of an inhibitor of the proinflammatory cytokine soluble tumor necrosis factor α days after an injury sufficiently diminishes autonomic dysreflexia, a real time gauge of sympathetic hyperreflexia, to prevent associated splenic atrophy. This dramatically improves the endogenous ability of chronically injured rats to fight off pneumonia, a common cause of hospitalization. This preclinical study could have a significant impact for broadly improving quality of life of SCI individuals.
Intractable hypercalcaemia during pregnancy and the postpartum secondary to pathogenic variants in CYP24A1
Authors: Arnold Nirusha , O’Toole Victor , Huynh Tien , Smith Howard C , Luxford Catherine , Clifton-Bligh Roderick , Eastman Creswell J
Published: November 2019

Parathyroid-independent hypercalcaemia of pregnancy, due to biallelic loss of function of the P450 enzyme CYP24A1, the principal inactivator of 1,25(OH)2D results in hypervitaminosis D, hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria. We report two cases of this disorder, with intractable hypercalcaemia, one occurring during gestation and into the postpartum, and the other in the postpartum period. Case 1, a 47-year-old woman with a twin pregnancy conceived by embryo transfer, presented with hypercalcaemia at 23 weeks gestation with subnormal serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and normal serum 25-OH D levels. She was admitted to hospital at 31 weeks gestation with pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes and increasing hypercalcaemia. Caesarean section at 34 weeks gestation delivered two healthy females weighing 2.13 kg and 2.51 kg. At delivery, the patient’s serum calcium level was 2.90 mmol/L. Postpartum severe hypercalcaemia was treated successfully with Denosumab 60 mg SCI, given on two occasions. CYP24A1 testing revealed she was compound heterozygous for pathogenic variants c.427_429delGAA, (p.Glu143del) and c.1186C>T, (p.Arg396Trp). Case 2, a 36-year-old woman presented 4 days after the delivery of healthy twins with dyspnoea, bradycardia, severe headaches, hypertension and generalized tonic-clonic seizures after an uneventful pregnancy. She was hypercalcaemic with a suppressed PTH, normal 25(OH)D, and elevated 1,25(OH)2D levels. Her symptoms partially responded to i.v. saline and corticosteroids in the short term but bisphosphonates such as Pamidronate and Zoledronic acid did not result in sustained improvement. Denosumab 120 mg SCI successfully treated the hypercalcaemia which resolved completely 2 months post-partum. CYP24A1 testing revealed she was homozygous for the pathogenic variant c.427_429delGAA, (p.Glu143del).

Learning points:

Hypercalcaemia in pregnancy can be associated with considerable morbidity with few options available for management.

In non-PTH-related hypercalcaemia the diagnosis of CYP24A1 deficiency should be considered.

Making a definitive diagnosis of CYP24A1 deficiency by genetic testing delays the diagnosis, while the availability of serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) will expedite a diagnosis.

In pregnant women with CYP24A1 deficiency hypercalcaemia can worsen in the post-partum period and is more likely to occur with twin pregnancies but generally resolves within 2–3 months.

Therapeutic alternatives are limited in pregnancy and their effectiveness is short-lived and mostly ineffective. Denosumab used in both our patients after delivery was the most effective agent normalizing calcium and may have benefit as a long-term therapeutic agent in preventing complications in patients with CYP24A1 deficiency.
What do we Think About Water? Public Perception of the Current Situation of Water Resources in Costa Rica: an Indicator of Water Understanding and Management
Authors: Madrigal-Solís Helga , Echeverría-Sáenz Silvia , Pizarro-Mendez Yanina , Alfaro-Chinchilla Carolina , Jiménez-Cavallini Sylvia , Centeno-Morales Jacqueline , López-Alfaro Nelly , Suárez-Serrano Andrea
Published: November 2019

The objective of this research was to determine the level of knowledge and perception of the Costa Rican population about water for human consumption, general concepts, the impact of human activities, the occurrence of extreme events and water management and governance. In 2016, a quantitative-descriptive study of population perception was carried out through a semi-structured survey in which 800 people were consulted, through calls to landlines. It was found that the Costa Ricans: a) perceived that water is a public good and that there is greater availability of water than there is in reality, b) 22 % indicated having supply problems, infrastructure and/or water quality, c) are aware of the contamination of water bodies and willing to pay more for the treatment of wastewater, d) perceived a negative impact due to floods and landslides and, e) 55 % agreed that water for consumption comes from wells and springs, but only 12 % and 36 % had a general notion of what an aquifer and groundwater is, respectively. It is concluded that education programs should include general concepts on groundwater, water management and governance and that the willingness to pay more for wastewater treatment should be taken into consideration by the institutions for the improvement of environmental sanitation.
Factores que influyen en la deserción y reprobación de estudiantes de un curso universitario de matemáticas
Authors: Castillo-Sánchez Mario , Gamboa-Araya Ronny , Hidalgo-Mora Randall
Published: November 2019

En este artículo, se reportan datos sobre la identificación de algunos factores que influyen en la deserción y reprobación de estudiantes de un curso de matemáticas en el nivel universitario. La investigación realizada respondió a un diseño mixto, cuantitativo-cualitativo, con predominancia del enfoque cuantitativo. Para la recolección de los datos, se aplicaron cuestionarios, entrevistas y un grupo focal a estudiantes, más un cuestionario a docentes. Algunos aspectos relacionados con el alumnado, como el sexo, área de procedencia, tipo de colegio o institución en donde cursaron la educación secundaria, año de ingreso a la educación universitaria, promedio de las notas de educación secundaria, nota de examen de admisión, categoría de ingreso al curso, horario del grupo matriculado y carrera seleccionada, permiten determinar individuos con riesgo de desertar y reprobar. Entre los motivos que surgen más relevantes para la reprobación, destacan: poca dedicación al estudio de las temáticas del curso, falta de adecuados hábitos de estudio, deficiencia en conocimientos previos, priorización hacia otro curso y falta de interés por el estudio. Por otra parte, en deserción, se mencionan factores como bajo rendimiento académico en el primer examen parcial, priorización hacia otro curso matriculado, deficiencia en conocimientos previos, falta de interés y poca dedicación al estudio del curso. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, surge la necesidad de hacer una revisión de las temáticas incluidas en el programa de la materia y establecer estrategias que insten a una adecuada inserción del estudiantado al primer curso de matemática en el nivel universitario.
Las prácticas de evaluación de las matemáticas universitarias: Tensiones y desafíos desde la red conceptual en la que se inscriben
Authors: García-Oliveros Gloria , Salguero-Rivera Beatriz , Rodríguez-Díaz Oswaldo , Palomino-Bejarano Erminsul , Caicedo-Valencia Rafael
Published: November 2019

Este artículo analiza, en el marco de un proyecto propedéutico de enseñanza de las matemáticas universitarias, aspectos en la transición de enfoques de la evaluación del rendimiento a la evaluación formativa.  Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo de corte exploratorio sobre el cambio en las prácticas de evaluación de profesores en los primeros cursos de matemáticas universitarias, localizadas en ambientes institucionales donde a los tipos de evaluación se les asigna fines integradores para orientar el proceso de aprendizaje. Los datos proceden de las entrevistas y exámenes realizados por 21 profesores universitarios que impartían los cursos Matemáticas Fundamentales para Ingeniería (MFI) y Fundamentos de Matemáticas para Economía y Administración (FMEA), en el primer semestre del 2018.  Los resultados revelan el predominio de prácticas evaluadoras asentadas en la formulación de juicios cuantitativos para efectos de calificación, así como de prácticas evaluadoras asentadas sobre el rendimiento académico como certificación y en el que, la calificación visibiliza y garantiza con objetividad el grado del conocimiento matemático adquirido por el estudiante. Por último, se concluye que el desafío de configurar sistemas interactivos de evaluación entre los dos tipos existentes requiere la actualización de la competencia profesional en los profesores universitarios.
Measles Antibody Levels in Young Infants
Authors: Science Michelle , Savage Rachel , Severini Alberto , McLachlan Elizabeth , Hughes Stephanie L. , Arnold Callum , Richardson Susan , Crowcroft Natasha , Deeks Shelley , Halperin Scott , Brown Kevin , Hatchette Todd , Gubbay Jonathan , Mazzulli Tony , Bolotin Shelly
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Infants are often assumed to be immune to measles through maternal antibodies transferred during pregnancy and, in many countries, receive their first measles-containing vaccine at 12 to 15 months. Immunity may wane before this time in measles-eliminated settings, placing infants at risk for measles and complications. We investigated humoral immunity to measles in infants <12 months of age in Ontario, Canada.

METHODS:

We selected sera collected at a tertiary pediatric hospital from infants <12 months who were born at ≥37 weeks’ gestational age. We excluded infants with conditions that affect antibody levels. We selected ≤25 sera from 8 predetermined age bands and tested them for measles-neutralizing antibody using the plaque-reduction neutralization test. We calculated the proportion immune at each age band, and predictors of infant susceptibility were assessed by using multivariable logistic regression and Poisson regression.

RESULTS:

Of 196 infant sera, 56% (110 of 196) were from boys, and 35% (69 of 196) were from infants with underlying medical conditions. In the first month, 20% (5 of 25) of infants had antibodies below the protective threshold, which increased to 92% (22 of 24) by 3 months. By 6 months, all infants had titers below the protective threshold. In a multivariable analysis, infant age was the strongest predictor of susceptibility (odds ratio = 2.13 for each additional month increase; 95% confidence interval: 1.52–2.97).

CONCLUSIONS:

Most infants were susceptible to measles by 3 months of age in this elimination setting. Our findings inform important policy discussions relating to the timing of the first dose of measles-containing vaccine and infant postexposure prophylaxis recommendations.
Multidisciplinary Engagement Increases Medications in-Hand for Patients Hospitalized With Asthma
Authors: Parikh Kavita , Perry Karen , Pantor Candice , Gardner Catherine
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Asthma exacerbations in children are a leading cause of missed school days and health care use. Patients discharged from the hospital often do not fill discharge prescriptions and are at risk for future exacerbations.

METHODS:

A multidisciplinary team aimed to increase the percentage of patients discharged from the hospital after an asthma exacerbation with their medications in-hand from 15% to 80%. Tools from the model of improvement were used to establish a process map, key driver diagram, and iterative plan-do-study-act cycles. Statistical process control charts were used to track the proportion of patients discharged with their medications in-hand as the primary outcome. Initiating multidisciplinary daily discharge huddles on the unit was the key intervention that facilitated change in the system.

RESULTS:

During the study period, the percentage of patients with asthma who received their medications in-hand increased from 15% to >80% for all eligible children and >90% for children with public insurance. Children had a median age of 6.7 years, 47% were female, and 83.8% identified as non-Hispanic African American. Through iterative meetings and mapping with the multidisciplinary team, a process map for bedside delivery and a key driver diagram were created. Balancing measures, specifically length of stay and discharge medications forgotten at the hospital, remained constant.

CONCLUSIONS:

Improvements in increasing medication possession at the time of discharge for children hospitalized with asthma were facilitated by multidisciplinary engagement. Standardizing discharge initiatives may play a key role in improving discharge transitions for children with asthma.
MARSHALL, Kimberly Jenkins. Upward, Not Sunwise: Resonant Rupture in Navajo Neo-Pentecostalism
Authors: Glazier Stephen D.
Published: November 2019

MARSHALL, Kimberly Jenkins. Upward, Not Sunwise: Resonant Rupture in Navajo Neo-Pentecostalism. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2016. 270pp. Pbk. ISBN: 9780803288881. $30.96.
ENGELBERT, Pamela F. Who is Present in Absence? A Pentecostal Theological Praxis of Suffering and Healing
Authors: Allen Herman
Published: November 2019

ENGELBERT, Pamela F. Who is Present in Absence? A Pentecostal Theological Praxis of Suffering and Healing. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2019. 204pp. Pbk. ISBN: 9781532633539. $27.
Supervised, Multimodal Exercise: The Chemotherapy Supportive Therapy That Almost Does It All
Authors: Kirkham Amy A.
Published: November 2019

This commentary describes and places the results into context for the recent OptiTrain trial, a three-arm randomized trial of two different exercise interventions versus usual care on rates of chemotherapy completion, hospitalization, and hematological toxicity.
Analysis of the spatial diffusion phenomenon of water privatisation policies
Authors: Chica-Olmo Jorge , González-Gómez Francisco , Ruiz-Villaverde Alberto
Published: November 2019

The type of ownership (public or private) influences the management and planning of water resources with an engineering base in the urban sphere. The objectives, interests, resources and working conditions may be different. Therefore, it is interesting to be aware of the contexts in which a greater probability of water management privatisation exists. Research on urban water services privatisation has generally focused on explanatory variables such as pragmatic, ideological and political issues. This paper introduces the possibility that water privatisation can be influenced by the decisions of the nearby government. The spatial dimension is introduced through variables not normally considered in these types of studies and through the use of a structured additive regression model. The results confirm the existence of a spatio-temporal diffusion effect on the decision to privatise. This study demonstrates that, besides the importance of the temporal dimension, it is also essential to consider spatial factors in order to capture the geographical influence on the dissemination of urban water privatisation policies.
Characteristics of free and submerged hydraulic jumps in different stilling basins
Authors: Pourabdollah Nahid , Heidarpour Manouchehr , Abedi Koupai Jahangir
Published: November 2019

A comprehensive study on free and submerged hydraulic jumps in different stilling basins was carried out. The effects of three adverse slopes, three bed roughnesses and three positive step heights on the hydraulic jump characteristics with a Froude number of 4·56–9·55 and a submergence factor of 0·1–1·5 were investigated. Two semi-theoretical solutions based on the momentum equation were developed to estimate the sequent depth ratio and the submerged depth ratio and the results were compared with experimental data. The results showed that the submerged depth ratio decreased by 22·3% compared with that of the classical jump. The lengths of the free and submerged hydraulic jumps were decreased by 47 and 32·1%, respectively, compared with the length of the classical jump. The maximum errors in the semi-theoretical estimations of the sequent depth ratio and the submerged depth ratio of free and submerged jumps were ±11% and ±16%, respectively. The thickness of the dimensionless boundary layer of the free and submerged jumps was determined to be 0·71 and 0·37, respectively. The average energy loss of the submerged jump in the conditions of this study was 10% more than that of the classical jump.
Characteristics of systematic reviews published in dentistry by Brazilian corresponding authors
Authors: Sarkis-Onofre Rafael , Pereira-Cenci Tatiana , Bassani Rafaela , J. Page Matthew , C. Tricco Andrea , Moher David , Cenci Maximiliano , Pereira Gabriel
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the reporting and conduct characteristics of systematic reviews (SRs) published in dentistry by Brazilian corresponding authors and compare reporting characteristics of Brazilian SRs with the rest of the world. METHODS: A search in PubMed was performed to identify SRs published in dentistry in 2017 assessing different aspects of oral heath irrespective of the design of included studies. From this dataset, a subgroup analysis was performed considering only SRs published by Brazilian corresponding authors. Study screening was performed by two researchers independently, while for data extraction, one of three reviewers extracted details related to reporting and conduct of SRs. The completeness of reporting of 24 characteristics, included in the PRISMA Statement of the SRs classified as treatment/therapeutic, was evaluated comparing Brazilian SR to SRs from all other countries. RESULTS: We included 117 SRs with Brazilian corresponding authors. The majority focused on dental treatments (39.3%), with oral surgery (n=19, 16.2%) as the most commonly published. Included SRs presented varying reporting/conduct characteristics. Items such as use of reporting guidelines and screening method used were well reported. However, most SRs did not assess the risk of publication bias and did not use the GRADE assessment. Four (of 24) reporting characteristics of Brazilian SRs compared to SRs from the rest of world were reported statistically significantly more frequently: mention of a SR protocol, trial registry searched, screening method reported, and assessment of risk of bias/quality of studies. CONCLUSION: Reporting and conduct characteristics of Brazilian SRs are highly variable.
Large Urban Developments and the Future of Cities: The Case of Neighborhoods
Authors: Talen Emily
Published: November 2019

The production of neighborhoods on a large or mass scale has not been successful. Procuring the neighborhood ideal requires an attention to detail that few large corporations or government agencies seem capable of instituting. Yet planned neighborhoods have definite pluses: institutionalized leadership, clearly defined social and spatial boundaries, and a sense of control. What is needed is an approach that combines the best of both worlds—a dose of planning, with plenty of flexibility and local empowerment.
Literary learning
Authors: Spinner Kaspar H.
Published: November 2019

Imparting 'literary competence' (understood here as a combination of skills involved in engaging with 'texts' of various kinds, among them film) has always been a core concern within German critical pedagogy. This article presents 11 aspects of literary learning, covering subjective
involvement and the development of a text within the imagination; cognitive approaches such as awareness of perspectives, logic of action and linguistic style; and consciousness of genre-related and literary-historical classification. While these suggestions pertain in particular to the teaching
of written literature, they are presented here as also having considerable significance for the teaching of film, and with a new introduction from German film education scholar Petra Anders.
Experimental study of the working process in the combustion chamber of a mobile heat and gas generator
Authors: Novikov A.V. , Andreev E.A.
Published: November 2019

Heat generators producing hot fuel mixture combustion products for further heat treatment of different materials by these products are widely used in various industries. They are used, for example, in the operation of drying plants, disposal of hazardous waste, and production of building materials. Currently, there is a need to create mobile heat and gas generators suitable for transportation and rapid deployment in the field. The purpose of the work carried out in BMSTU was the development of all-metal heat and gas generators for use in drying units. In the course of the development the accumulated experience in working out the combustion chambers of rocket and air-jet engines was realized. Methodology was developed to calculate distribution of key parameters of working process occurring in the combustion chamber of the mobile heat generator on the fuel components of the air–natural gas: optimal scheme of mixing was selected by numerical simulation, the calculated fields of combustion product temperatures and concentrations of fuel components in combustion chamber volume were obtained. To implement practically the working process and to confirm the correctness of the calculations a heat and gas generator was designed and experimentally tested. Comparison of calculated and experimental data showed satisfactory agreement of the results.
Szadkowskie ogłoszenie reklamowe z 1837 roku – asumpt do kilku uwag na temat osadnictwa niemieckiego i rozwoju rzemiosła tekstylnego w Szadku na początku XIX w.
Authors: Marszał Tadeusz
Published: November 2019

W 1837 r. zostało opublikowane przez władze Szadku ogłoszenie w języku niemieckim reklamujące miasto jako miejsce dogodne dla osadnictwa przemysłowego. Treść ogłoszenia wpisuje się w zakrojone na szeroką skalę działania rządu Królestwa Polskiego na rzecz rozwoju produkcji tekstylnej w Królestwie Polskim. Podstawę tego rozwoju miała stanowić napływająca z zagranicy wykwalifikowana siła robocza. Proimigracyjna polityka rządu zaowocowała pojawieniem się na ziemiach polskich wielu nowych osad przemysłowych. Niestety Szadek, w XVI w. wiodący ośrodek produkcji tekstylnej, nie znalazł się wśród tych miast które wykorzystały dobrą koniunkturę i weszły na ścieżkę szybkiego rozwoju ekonomicznego i demograficznego. Ogłoszenie z 1837 r. daje opis ówczesnego Szadku. Jednak jego efekt był niewielki i to miasto o bogatych tradycjach znalazło się wśród tych jednostek osadniczych, które na długi czas pogrążyły się w stagnacji.
Transakcje na rynku nieruchomości w Uniejowie w latach 2007–2015
Authors: Bączyk Paula , Masierek Edyta
Published: November 2019

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki analiz obejmujących zrealizowane w latach 2007–2015 transakcje kupna-sprzedaży nieruchomości zlokalizowanych w granicach administracyjnych Uniejowa. Jego celem jest identyfikacja rodzajów nieruchomości będących przedmiotem transakcji kupna-sprzedaży wraz z ich lokalizacją oraz ukazanie ogólnej sytuacji na rynku nieruchomości na badanym obszarze.
Crop Residue Management for Sustenance of Natural Resources and Agriculture Productivity
Authors: Singh Maninder , Jaswal Anita , Singh Arshdeep
Published: November 2019

Crop residue management (CRM) through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by preserving soil organic matter (SOM) levels. Two major benefits of surface-residue management are improved organic matter (OM) near the soil surface and boosted nutrient cycling and preservation. Larger microbial biomass and activity near the soil surface act as a pool for nutrients desirable in crop production and enhance structural stability for increased infiltration. In addition to the altered nutrient distribution within the soil profile, changes also occur in the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Improved soil C sequestration through enhanced CRM is a cost-effective option for reducing agriculture's impact on the environment. Ideally, CRM practices should be selected to optimize crop yields with negligible adverse effects on the environment. Crop residues of common agricultural crops are chief resources, not only as sources of nutrients for subsequent crops but also for amended soil, water and air quality. Maintaining and managing crop residues in agriculture can be economically beneficial to many producers and more importantly to society. Improved residue management and reduced tillage practices should be encouraged because of their beneficial role in reducing soil degradation and increasing soil productivity. Thus, farmers have a responsibility in making management decisions that will enable them to optimize crop yields and minimize environmental impacts. Multi-disciplinary and integrated efforts by a wide variety of scientists are required to design the best site-specific systems for CRM practices to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability while minimizing environmental impacts.
Raffinose family oligosaccharides in seeds of common vetch (Vicia sativa L. ssp. sativa)
Authors: Lahuta L. B. , Rybiñski W. , Bocianowski J. , Nowosad K. , Börner A.
Published: November 2019

The composition and content of low-molecular weight soluble carbohydrates in seeds of 66 accessions of common vetch (Vicia sativa L. ssp. sativa) stored in the Polish and German gene banks, originating from Europe, Asia, Middle East and North Africa, were analyzed using a gas chromatography method. Genotypes showed differences in the composition of carbohydrates depending on the origin of seeds. Common features of accessions were: i) the predominance of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soluble carbohydrates, and ii) verbascose as the main oligosaccharide in RFOs. Several accessions with lowered RFOs content were identified. They may be suitable for breeding focused on diminishing RFOs, as antinutritional compounds in seeds.
ON THE EVALUATION OF WORKING CONDITIONS IN OPEN AREA IN THE WINTER SEASON
Authors: Rakhmanov R. S. , Gadzhiibragimov D. A. , Bakhmydov G. G. , Alikberov M. Kh. , Tarasov A. V.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. The evaluation of the impact influence of weather and climatic conditions on humans in cold (winter) period was done since there was not the method of evaluation of working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness and danger. Also, the sanitary norms and rules 2.2.4.3359-16 does not contain the method of risk evaluation of the influence of factors upon the human organism. Мaterial and Methods. The authors evaluated the influence of various combinations of ambient temperature and wind speed upon under conditions of IV climatic region in I zone (the Republic of Dagestan - at an altitude of 4 m., 1040 m. and 1661 m above sea level and the Kaliningrad region) according to wind cooling. It was found a possible discomfort sensation at an average speed of winds and temperatures (wind cooling index (WCI) more 763,7 Kcal/m2) as well as overcooling risk in combinations of average temperature and maximum wind speed, an average speed of the wind and the minimum temperature. Maximum wind speeds in combination with minimal temperatures exceeded WCI threshold by 1,25-2,1 times. It should be noted that the studies were conducted under conditions of an increased humidity which had a negative influence upon the human organism, but in combination with the high wind speed and low temperatures, the effect might be more considerable. results. In accordance with the method, in attachment 17 in manual Р 2.2.2006-05, working conditions were classified as harmful. By calculation on indices of the minimal temperature and maximum wind speed, indices of equivalent temperatures reached up to considerable values. Probably, the use of the method does not prove its value. conclusion. The fixing of complex influence (in the cold period) of air velocity, ambient temperature, air humidity and detecting of health risk due to weather and climatic conditions remain a topical theoretical and practical problem.
STUDY OF MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY NANO- AND MICROPARTICLES IN THE AMES TEST (SALMONELLA / MICROSOME)
Authors: Akhaltseva Lyudmila V. , Zhurkov V. S. , Sycheva L. P. , Savostikova O. N. , Alekseeva A. V.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. One of the important steps in assessing the nanoparticles (NP) safety is the analysis of mutagenic activity, including the evaluation of gene, chromosomal, and genomic mutations. Material and methods. The purpose of this investigation is to study the ability of different NP aqueus suspensions and the same compounds in microforms to unduce gene mutations in Salmonella/microsome test (Ames test). Anatase titanium dioxide NP coated with simethicone (33.16 ± 16.7 nm, 5-50000 μg/ml), magnetite NP coated with silicate (10 nm, 0.92-575 μg/ml), silver NP coated with аrabian gum (14 ± 0.2 nm, 5-50000 μg/ml), aluminum hydroxide nanofibres (50-70 nm, 24-3000 μg/ml) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Taunit MWСNTs, outer diameter 15-40 nm, inner diameter 3-8 nm, length 2 and more microns, 5-50000 μg/ml). In parallel, the mutagenic activity of equivalent microparticles was evaluated in experiments. Ames test (Salmonella/microsomes) registers gene mutations induced by a different mechanism of action, in the variant with preincubation. A set of Salmonella typhimurium indicator strains: TA 100 (base pair substitution mutations), TA 98 and TA 97 (mutations of the frameshift type of the genetic code) were used. Using addition the S9 microsomal activating mixture during the experiment makes it is possible to determine the effect not only of the substances themselves, but also of their metabolites. Conclusion. The investigated nanomaterials as well as their micro analogs in the studied dose range did not induce gene mutations in the Ames test both in presence and absence microsomal activating mixture.
INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY IN CONTEMPORARY HYGIENIC EXAMINATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR
Authors: Ulanova Tatyana S. , Veikhman G. A. , Stenno E. V. , Nedoshitova A. V. , Volkova M. V.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. The optimal conditions for taking of samples, sample preparation and selective quantitative measurement from one sample of 19 chemical elements, such as lithium, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, strontium, cadmium, tungsten, thallium, lead in the atmosphere using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method are proved and recommended for the practical application. Material and methods. The settings of a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer are described. The optimal scale for sample preparation to eliminate the “matrix” effect is proposed. The device operation mode with a collision/reaction cell for interference suppression for overlays, as well as the choice of the internal comparison element is proved. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) are calculated for each element. Results. The determination technique of 19 priority elements in the atmosphere using ISP-MS (Methodological guidelines 4.1. 3481-17) is developed. Accordingly, to obtained results the level of 19 elements in the atmosphere appeared to be at the level of reference concentrations (RfC) and much lower than the daily mean of threshold limit value for all elements with a measurement accuracy of 14 to 21%. Conclusion. The technique developed (Methodological guidelines 4.1. 3481-17) has been used when studying samples of the atmosphere in different territories of the Russian Federation.
THIRTY-YEAR TRENDS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ LIFESTYLE AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Valkova Nadezhda Yu. , Komarovskaya E. V.
Published: November 2019

Material and methods. Questionnaire survey for the estimation of the Quality of life was done in 796 students. 419 students of Arkhangelsk State Medical Institute were tested in 1979-1984, including 205 males and 214 females with an average age of 22.2; 203 students of higher educational institutions of Severodvinsk in 1998-2005 including 85 males and 118 females with average age of 18.7; 173 students of M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University (Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk) including 85 males and 88 females with average age of 19.5. Meaningfulness of differences in studied indices is calculated using Fisher’s exact test. Results. The decline in quality of life and lifestyle indices (dissatisfaction with living conditions, food quality, summer holidays) in 1998-2005 is shown in comparison to 1979-1984 period; in 2014-2015 they significantly increased. Nevertheless, no more than half of the respondents (45%-34%-53%) characterize their diet as adequate and regular. Increase in adherence to healthy lifestyle in modern students is noted: relatively large amount of them regularly takes exercises (10%-13%-39%), toughens up (8%-4%-9%), swim a lot in natural bodies of water (20%-15%-23%), never consume alcohol (12% -13% -35% of males 30%-5%-30% of females). However the proportion of smoking students has increased compared to the first stage of research (57%-70%-65% of males and 6%-75%-53% of females), and the proportion of those toughening themselves up regularly doesn’t exceed 9%. An increase in the number of students with no chronic diseases is shown. More students have complaints about precardialgia while complaints about gastrointestinal dysfunction and headaches became less frequent. Majority of the students are satisfied with their lives. Almost half of the respondents noted good mood as a predominant one.
The Alchemy of Connection: A Fundamental Ingredient When Supporting Breastfeeding Dyads
Authors: Lopez-Bassols Indira , Garibaldi Jose Alberto
Published: November 2019

Background

Every encounter in lactation care should aim to set the ground for an emerging human connection between the lactation consultant (LC) and the breastfeeding mother. Cultivating connection is as important as adequate clinical competencies and effective communication skills.

Methods

The article proposes a hermeneutics of care that articulates elements that enhance the understanding between the LC and the circumstances and realities of the breastfeeding dyad in the context of diagnosis, management, and healing. These elements can be best described by Martin Buber's (2013) I–Thou approach, which we use to enter into a relationship.

Results

When the LC has the courage and humility to convey her full presence for that mother and her circumstances, connection has been primed. The quality and depth of the LC– breastfeeding mother relationship, in turn, enhances diagnosis and healing options, particularly in chronic cases.

Conclusions

The “alchemy of connection” opens the ground for a relation of mutual trust between the LC and the mother and her world, which supports better breastfeeding care.
Biyolojik ajanların pulmoner komplikasyonları
Authors: TAŞBAKAN M. Sezai
Published: November 2019

İnflamatuvar romatolojik hastalıklarda biyolojik ajanların kullanımı ile ilgili veri sayısı artmaktadır. Son zamanlarda, biyolojik ajanlarla ilişkili non-enfeksiyöz komplikasyonlar arasında en sık granülomatöz hastalık ve interstisyel akciğer hastalığı görülmektedir. Ek olarak, bu ilaçlarla ilişkili en ciddi yan etkiler bakteriyel pnömoni gibi solunum sistemi enfeksiyonları, tüberküloz ve Pneumocystis jirovecii pnömonisidir. Özellikle, tümör nekroz faktör-alfa (TNF-α) gibi biyolojik ajanlar ile yapılan tedaviler artmış tüberküloz riski ile ilişkilidir. Bu ilaçları alan hastalarda tüberküloz taraması ve latent tüberküloz tedavisi yapılması bu nedenle endikedir
Romatizmal ağrıların palyasyonunda girişimsel ağrı tedavisi yöntemleri
Authors: KÖKEN İdris Şevki , EYİGÖR Can
Published: November 2019

Romatolojik hastalıkların klinik seyrinde sıklıkla kas-iskelet sistemine lokalize romatizmal ağrılar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yeterli ve etkin ağrı palyasyonu yapılmayan romatizmal ağrılar kronikleşerek hastalarda fonksiyonel yetersizlik ve yaşam kalitesinde azalmaya yol açmaktadır. Romatizmal ağrıların tedavisi altta yatan romatolojik hastalığın nedenine göre değişmekle birlikte başlıca fizik tedavi, farmakoterapi, girişimsel ağrı tedavileri ve cerrahi seçenekleri kapsamaktadır. Romatizmal ağrılarda girişimsel ağrı tedavileri, farmakoterapi ve fizik tedavi gibi non-invaziv olan diğer tedavi seçeneklerinin yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede romatizmal ağrıların girişimsel ağrı tedavisi üzerinde durulacaktır.
Fibromiyaljide güncel ilaç tedavisi
Authors: PEHLEVAN Seval
Published: November 2019

Fibromiyalji (FM); kronik ağrı, yorgunluk ve fonksiyon bozukluğu ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Genetik yatkınlık beraber çevresel ve psikolojik faktörlerde hastalığın oluşumda etkili olabilir. Serotonin ve katekolaminlerin ileti bozukluğu FM’de ağrı mekanizmasında rol oynar. İlaç tedavisi ağrıyı azaltmaya ve diğer semptomların iyileşmesine odaklanır. Hastalığın tedavisinde eğitim, bilişsel davranışçı terapi, egzersiz gibi ilaç dışı tedaviler ve farmakolojik tedavilerin yer aldığı çok yönlü yaklaşım gereklidir. FM’de tedavi, hastanın semptomlarının sayısına ve çeşitliliğine göre, tek bir uzman veya bir takım (romatoloji uzmanı, nöroloji uzmanı, psikiyatri uzmanı) tarafından yapılır. Farmakolojik tedavide en sık antidepresanlar (amitriptilin, siklobenzaprin, duloksetin, milnasipran) ve antikonvülsanlar (pregabalin, gabapentin) kullanılır. Uluslararası FM tedavi önerileri temel olarak aerobik egzersiz, bilişsel-davranışçı terapi ve amitriptilin gibi ilaç tedavisi yapılmasına odaklanmaktadır.
Danilo Martucelli y José Santiago. El desafío sociológico hoy. Madrid. CIS, 2017. 227 pp.
Authors: Tardivo Giuliano
Published: November 2019

Martuccelli y Santiago presentan una nueva perspectiva ontológica, la nueva sociología del individuo o sociología de los desafíos sociales, que va más allá del tradicional debate ontológico entre individualistas y colectivistas. El libro trata del mundo contemporáneo, del proceso de desinstitucionalización, de la pérdida de centralidad del concepto de estructura, y de otras cuestiones muy presentes en el debate sociológico contemporáneo.
Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process-Based Mobile Robot Path Planning
Authors: Kim Changwon , Kim Yeesock , Yi Hak
Published: November 2019

This study presents a path planning method for a mobile robot to be effectively operated through a multi-objective decision-making problem. Specifically, the proposed Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) determines an optimal position as a sub-goal within the multi-objective boundary. The key features of the proposed FAHP are evaluating the candidates according to the fuzzified relative importance among objectives to select an optimal solution. In order to incorporate FAHP into path planning, an AHP framework is defined, which includes the highest level (goal), middle level (objectives), and the lowest level (alternatives). The distance to the target, robot’s rotation, and safety against collision between obstacles are considered as objective functions. Comparative results obtained from the artificial potential field and AHP/FAHP simulations show that FAHP is much preferable for the mobile robot’s path planning than typical AHP.
Diet Pill and Laxative Use for Weight Control and Subsequent Incident Eating Disorder in US Young Women: 2001–2016
Authors: Levinson Jordan A. , Sarda Vishnudas , Sonneville Kendrin , Calzo Jerel P. , Ambwani Suman , Austin S. Bryn
Published: November 2019

Objectives. To investigate the prospective association of diet pill and laxative use for weight control with subsequent first eating disorder diagnosis in young women.

Methods. We used longitudinal data from 10 058 US women spanning 2001 through 2016. We used multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and overweight status to estimate the association between weight-control behaviors and subsequent eating disorder diagnosis.

Results. Among those who had not previously received an eating disorder diagnosis, women who reported diet pill (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0, 10.5) or laxative (AOR = 6.0; 95% CI = 4.2, 8.7) use for weight control had higher odds of receiving a subsequent first eating disorder diagnosis within 1 to 3 years than those who did not report using these products.

Conclusions. Use of diet pills or laxatives for weight loss can be dangerous and may be a warning sign that warrants counseling and evaluation for the presence of or risk of developing an eating disorder.

Public Health Implications. Policymakers and public health professionals should develop and evaluate policy initiatives to reduce or prohibit access to diet pills and laxatives abused for weight control.
The Importance of Cognitive Ability for Chair of Study Programs in Muhammadiyah University
Authors: Onny Fitriana Sitorus
Published: November 2019

This study aims to describe the cognitive ability of study program – the urgently of owned by the head of study program. Research method used is descriptive quantitative with population target/objective throughout the head of study program in the University of Muhammadiyah at Kopertis Region III (now LLDikti Region III, Jakarta-Indonesia). As for the population affordable/limited is the head of study program at Five University of Muhammadiyah on Undergraduate level. Data collection technique using the instrument in the form of tests. The research results showed that the head of study program of the cognitive ability of study program in the category of being. This means the cognitive ability of study program of the head of study program overall proves have the capability in terms of: think, plan, solve problems, understand complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience, related to the duties of the study program. – The urgently of owned of the cognitive ability of study program of the head of study program related to the execution of the study program tasks in ensuring the quality of their courses, all that would be easily realized if the head of study program has positive conditioning Courses i.e. do the work with itqon (a clean, diligent and conscientious).
Effects Of Internet-Based Social NetworkAmong University Students’ Academic Performance: A Case Study In School Of Quantitative Sciences
Authors: Ahmad Farah
Published: November 2019

This paper is to investigate the effect of google usage on uumsqs final yearstudents’ academic performance. The scope of this paper is focusing on studying the effects of google usage on university utaramalaysia (uum) students’ academic performance. This study has been carried out among final year students of school of quantitative science (sqs) by did survey through asking respondents for information using written questioning which is questionnaire. The survey from the respondents takes time almost a week. It is believe that google usage will create a positive impact on students. By doing this study, students can know whether google is affecting their academic performance. The sources where students refer for academic purpose can also been seen. Besides, the role of google that can help students to gain extra knowledge in the learning process can be identify. Students can find out more advantages that is brought by google which can leave a positive effect on their academic performance.
Optimization of the Gas-Extraction Process in a New Mud-Logging System
Authors: Marum Daniela Martins , Afonso Maria Diná , Ochoa Brian Bernardo
Published: November 2019

An advanced gas analysis heated system (AGAHS) analyzes the gas extracted from a water-based mud (WBM) to estimate the hydrocarbons contents in drilled rock formations. Operating conditions within the gas-extraction device (gas trap) such as the gas concentration in the mud, stirring velocity, mud-flow rate and temperature, and ditch-line flow rate and pressure are studied to maximize the gas-extraction efficiency in the gas trap. The operating conditions that most affect the gas-extraction efficiency are the stirring velocity and the mud-flow rate. The highest and most stable gas-extraction efficiencies are obtained at 1,680 rev/min and 1.0 L/min.