bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Novel Low Bee‐Toxicity Aphicidal α‐Butenolide: Design and Optimization Based on a Progressive Strategy of Acetylcholine Binding Protein and Calculated Oil–Water Partition Coefficient
Authors: Zou Renxuan , Li Xiang , Wang Na , Zhou Jinyang , Wu Cong , Li Mingjun , Lu Xingxing , Han Qing , Huang Jiaxing , Duan Hongxia
Published: December 2024

The development of novel insecticides with low bee toxicity has become increasingly urgent as many high bee‐toxicity neonicotinoids have been progressively restricted. In this study, novel halogenated phenyl‐substituted α‐butenolide compounds were designed, optimized and synthesized through a progressive strategy based on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the calculated oil–water partition coefficient (ClogP) of compounds. Among these, the difluorophenyl‐substituted compound 3cj (lethal medium concentration [LC50] = 40.96 µg/mL) exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against Myzus persicae and a relatively low ClogP of 4.25. The molecular docking study revealed that compound 3cj mainly interacted with two key residues TRP147 and TYR188 of Aplysia californica‐acetylcholine‐binding protein. The bee‐toxicity bioassay and molecular mechanism study indicated that compound 3cj exhibited low acute contact toxicity against Apis mellifera, probably due to its reduced binding energy with the honeybee chimeric receptor AmeIα8/ratβ2. This study provides rational guidance for novel α‐butenolide compounds as low bee‐toxicity insecticidal candidates based on their target receptors and molecular physicochemical properties.
A Recent Update on the Role of Estrogen and Progesterone in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Suganya S. , Ashok Ben Sundra , Ajith Thekkuttuparambil Ananthanarayanan
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease responsible for 60%–80% dementia cases globally. The disease is more prevalent among elder females. Female reproductive hormones are found to be essential for cellular activities in brain. The physiological role of neurotrophins and sex hormones in hippocampal region during neurogenesis and neuron differentiation was studied as well. In addition to triggering cellular pathways, estrogen and progesterone carry out a number of biological processes that lead to neuroprotection. They might have an impact on learning and memory. One of estrogen's modest antioxidant properties is its direct scavenging of free radicals. The neurotrophic effect of estrogen and progesterone can be explained by their ability to rise the expression of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA. Additionally, they have the ability to degrade beta‐amyloid and stop inflammation, apoptotic neuronal cell death, and tau protein phosphorylation. To enhance their neuroprotective action, various cross‐talking pathways in cells that are mediated by estrogen, progesterone, and BDNF receptors. This include signaling by mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B, and phospholipase/protein kinase C. Clinical research to establish the significance of these substances are fragmented, despite publications claiming a lower prevalence of AD when medication is started before menopause. This review article emphasizes an update on the role of estrogen, and progesterone in AD.
Effect of Linker Length on the Function of Biotinylated OSW‐1 Probes
Authors: Khine Myat Nyein , Isogai Naho , Takeshita Tomoya , Sakurai Kaori
Published: December 2024

The biotinylated probes based on anticancer saponin OSW‐1 with varied linker lengths were synthesized and their cell growth inhibitory activity and affinity pulldown efficiency were evaluated. All probes demonstrated comparable cytotoxicity to the parent natural product, highlighting that the linker moiety had a minimal impact on cell uptake or target engagement. In contrast, when evaluated against the known target proteins, OSBP and ORP4, the biotinylated probe 3 with PEG5 linker enabled most effective enrichment of target proteins in the affinity pulldown assay, suggesting that the cytotoxicity and pulldown efficiency did not correlate among the probes studied. Our data provided the first evidence that OSW‐1 specifically binds to endogenously expressed OSBP and ORP4. The selectivity of affinity pulldown using probe 3 was also validated by facile identification of the enriched protein by silver staining and LC/MS analysis. Therefore, probe 3 with PEG5 linker comprising of 25 atoms (28 Å) was found as an optimal biotinylated probe for isolating OSW‐1 binding proteins from cell lysate.
Dinuclear Ru(II) Complexes Containing Tetrapyrido[3,2‐a : 2,3‐c : 3,2‐h : 2′′′,3′′′‐j]Phenazine Ligand for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kushwaha Rajesh , Banerjee Samya
Published: December 2024

Ruthenium complexes are among the most extensively studied and developed luminescent transition‐metal complexes for anticancer applications. Dinuclear Ru(II) complexes have caught significant interest for larger size, higher charge, and variable complex shapes. In this concept, we have explored past and recent works on the possible biological applications of versatile tetrapyrido[3,2‐a : 2,3‐c : 3,2‐h : 2′′′,3′′′‐j]phenazine (tppz)‐based dinuclear Ru(II) complexes with a focus on their use as quadruplex DNA probes, organelle imaging, and phototherapeutic agents. This concept also points out that a particular type of dinuclear Ru(II) complexes can act as multitargeting and multifunctional anticancer agents ‐making this an exciting research area in which an array of further applications will likely emerge.
Comprehensive Overview of Retrograde‐Antegrade Connection Techniques Without Externalization in Chronic Total Occlusion PCI: The Portal Techniques
Authors: Ungureanu Claudiu , Avran Alexandre , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Mashayekhi Kambis , Alaswad Khaldoon , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Gasparini Gabriele , Colletti Giuseppe , Cocoi Mihai , Achim Alexandru , Wu Eugene B. , Novotný Vojtěch , Kovacic Mihajlo , Rathore Sudhir , La Manna Alessio , Noterdaeme Timothée , Gach Olivier , Bozinovic Nenad , Novelli Laura , Leibundgut Gregor
Published: December 2024

Background

Advancing the retrograde microcatheter (MC) into the antegrade guide catheter during retrograde chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be challenging or impossible, preventing guidewire externalization.

Objectives

To detail and evaluate all the techniques focused on wiring to achieve intubation of the distal tip of a microcatheter, balloon, or stent with an antegrade or retrograde guidewire, aiming to reduce complications by minimizing tension on fragile collaterals during externalization and enabling rapid antegrade conversion in various clinical scenarios.

Methods

We describe the two main techniques, tip‐in and rendezvous, and their derivatives such a facilitated tip‐in, manual MC‐tip modification, tip‐in the balloon, tip‐in the stent, deep dive rendezvous, catch‐it and antegrade microcatheter probing. We provide case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques in complex scenarios involving extreme vessel angulation, severe calcification, fragile collaterals, and challenging retrograde MC crossing without externalization.

Conclusion

The development of advanced variants along with traditional techniques to establish retrograde guidewire connection and antegrade conversion has led to the establishment of a cohesive group of methods known as portal techniques. These approaches serve as strategic advantages in retrograde CTO‐PCI, providing a valuable and feasible alternative to conventional retrograde connection techniques, particularly when those techniques fail. Their ability to avoid the externalization process reduces potential damage to collateral channels and the ostium of the donor artery, potentially leading to a reduction in complication rates.
Comment on 26 cm Fall Caught on Video Causing Subdural Hemorrhages and Extensive Retinal Hemorrhages in an 8‐Month‐Old Infant
Authors: Shouldice Michelle , Smith Jennifer N.
Published: December 2024

This Letter to the Editor comments on and aims to clarify details regarding the case, 26 cm fall caught on video causing subdural hemorrhages and extensive retinal hemorrhages in an 8‐month‐old infant. The findings in this case are rarely reported in accidental injury events and are, therefore, important to understand.
Modified Method of Scalp Fixation Promotes Survival of Complete Scalp Avulsion Replantation
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhou Guangliang , Ju Wen , Zhang Yujun , Jin Qianheng , Li Lei , Hou Ruixing , Ju Jihui
Published: December 2024

A complete scalp avulsion injury is rare but extremely challenging to treat. Because of the dense blood vessel bundles in the scalp, replantation failure may occur if there is a subcutaneous hematoma. The method of scalp fixation is crucial for replantation to be successful. We successfully treated a total scalp avulsion injury using a modified scalp fixation method, coupled with microsurgical anastomosis, to avoid subcutaneous hematoma effectively and achieved a satisfactory outcome with a follow‐up of 9 years postoperatively.
Tailoring Bimetallic Pt/Pd Cryogels for Efficient Ethanol Electro‐Oxidation
Authors: Borg Hadir , Zámbó Dániel , Bessel Patrick , Kranz Daniel , Rosebrock Marina , Lübkemann‐Warwas Franziska , Bigall Nadja C. , Dorfs Dirk
Published: December 2024

Cryogels made of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) are a unique material class with a high specific surface area and tunable microstructure. Flash freezing of the nanoparticle building blocks and subsequent freeze‐drying of the gels, the so‐called cryoaerogelation, allows significant control over morphology, stability and improved electrocatalytic performance. In the present work, the first bimetallic Pt/Pd cryogel films of mixed Pt and Pd NPs are prepared in different molar ratios. High‐resolution microscopic and spectroscopic characterization techniques are applied to confirm the final Pt : Pd ratio besides the distribution of nanoparticles throughout the cryogel structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the different prepared cryogel films show a cellular to dendritic superstructure regardless of the Pt and/or Pd composition in a highly reproducible manner. Elemental analysis shows homogenous distribution of Pt and Pd NPs at the microscale for all samples. Since the prepared materials are of utmost importance for catalytic applications, their electrocatalytic activity toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is investigated. Fine‐tuning the concentration of the building blocks, the structure, thickness, and composition of the porous coatings enables high electrocatalytic activity to be achieved. Cryogel thin films with an atomic ratio of 1 : 4 Pt : Pd have the highest electrocatalytic activity for EOR.
Comparison of Human and Porcine Natural Tooth Fluorescence—A Scoping Study to Inform Research on Dental Materials and Forensic Dentistry
Authors: Corfield Thomas , Higgins Denice
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Understanding human tooth structure fluorescence aids clinical and forensic dentistry, enabling tissue/material differentiation and the creation of esthetic restorative materials. Material manufacturers seek to replicate natural tooth fluorescence, necessitating the development of novel techniques to detect them. Procuring human teeth for research is challenging due to ethical and infection control standards, prompting a search for alternative models.

Material and Methods

This study compares visible light‐induced fluorescence of porcine and human teeth to assess the value of porcine teeth as human analogs. Using a pulsed laser, an optimal fluorescence‐inducing wavelength was determined, followed by comparing fluorescence spectra between species.

Results

Luminescence sensitivity and lifetimes were comparable between species, but spectral geometry differed.

Conclusion

Porcine teeth, commonly used for dental material investigations, may not be suitable for dental fluorescence studies due to spectral differences. Accurately mimicking human tooth fluorescence remains complex. Further research is needed to develop reliable alternatives for dental fluorescence investigations that will advance clinical and forensic dentistry.
Habitat Stability Modulates Temporal β‐Diversity Patterns of Seagrass‐Associated Amphipods Across a Temperate–Subtropical Transition Zone
Authors: Navarro‐Mayoral Sandra , Otero‐Ferrer Francisco , Fernandez‐Gonzalez Victoria , Bosch Néstor E. , Fernández‐Torquemada Yolanda , Tomás Fiona , Terrados Jorge , Ferrero Vicente Luis Miguel , del Pilar‐Ruso Yoana , Espino Fernando , Tuya Fernando
Published: December 2024

Identifying drivers that shape biodiversity across biogeographical regions is important to predict ecosystem responses to environmental changes. While β‐diversity has been widely used to describe biodiversity patterns across space, the dynamic assembly of species over time has been comparatively overlooked. Insights from terrestrial and marine studies on temporal β‐diversity has mostly considered environmental drivers, while the role of biotic mechanisms has been largely ignored. Here, we investigated patterns of temporal variation in β‐diversity of seagrass‐associated amphipods. We conducted a study in three biogeographical regions across a temperate to subtropical latitudinal gradient (approximately 2000 km, 13° of latitude in total). In each region, we randomly selected three Cymodocea nodosa meadows, totaling nine meadows sampled seasonally (i.e., four times per year) from 2016 to 2018. We partitioned temporal β‐diversity into its turnover (i.e., species replacement) and nestedness (i.e., differences in species composition caused by species losses) components and addressed the relative influence of both temporal variation in habitat structure (i.e., biotic driver) and environmental conditions on the observed β‐diversity patterns. Our study revealed high temporal β‐diversity of amphipod assemblages across the three biogeographical regions, denoting significant fluctuations in species composition over time. We identified species turnover as the primary driver of temporal β‐diversity, strongly linked to temporal variability in local habitat structure rather than to regional climatic drivers. Subtropical Atlantic meadows with high structural stability over time exhibited the largest turnover rates compared with temperate Mediterranean meadows, under lower structural stability, where nestedness was a more relevant component of temporal β‐diversity. Our results highlight the crucial role of habitat stability in modulating temporal β‐diversity patterns on animals associated with seagrasses, stressing the importance of monitoring variations in habitat structure over time for developing management plans and restoration actions in the context of diversity loss and fragmentation of ecosystems.
Management of acute decompensated valvular heart disease
Authors: Lüsebrink Enzo , Lanz Hugo , Kellnar Antonia , Karam Nicole , Kapadia Samir , Makkar Raj , Abraham William T. , Latib Azeem , Leon Martin , Sannino Anna , Shuvy Mony , Guerrero Mayra , Fam Neil , Butler Javed , Adamo Marianna , Rudolph Volker , Tang Gilbert H.L. , Stocker Thomas J. , Rommel Karl‐Philipp , Lurz Philipp , Thiele Holger , Massberg Steffen , Praz Fabien , Prendergast Bernard , Hausleiter Jörg
Published: December 2024

Worldwide, valvular heart disease (VHD) is a common cause of hospitalization for acute heart failure. In acute heart failure caused by VHD, symptoms result from rapid haemodynamic changes and subsequent decline in cardiac function, and if left untreated, leads to acute decompensation and cardiogenic shock. Current evidence remains scarce and recommendations regarding the management of acute heart failure caused by VHD are lacking in most recent international guidelines. Herein, we review the management of acute heart failure caused by VHD with a focus on transcatheter therapies and describe currently available evidence based on a systematic literature search on the following valve pathologies: (i) aortic stenosis, (ii) aortic regurgitation, (iii) mitral regurgitation, and (iv) mitral stenosis. Articles reporting outcomes following urgent or emergent valve intervention in the setting of cardiogenic shock or acute heart failure were considered. After screening a total of 2234 articles, 76 published between 1994 and 2023 were included in subsequent analysis. Based on available evidence, proposed treatment algorithms to guide optimal management of acute heart failure caused by VHD were created. As the number of patients presenting with acute heart failure caused by VHD continues to rise and outcomes following transcatheter valve interventions continue to improve, it is inevitable that minimally invasive options will play an increasingly important role in the acute setting, especially given these patients are at an increased operative risk. This review aims to present an organized approach to the complex management and interventional treatment of patients with acute heart failure caused by VHD.
Evaluating acceleration impact asymmetries during sprinting: Analyzing leg and track lane disparities among national athletes
Authors: Paz‐Paz Elí Obed , Pérez‐Soriano Pedro , Encarnación‐Martínez Alberto
Published: December 2024

Sprinting on bends demands biomechanical adjustments compared with straight‐line sprinting that results in asymmetrical force production in the lower extremities. This study aimed to assess acceleration impacts in the lower extremity and impact transmission when sprinting on bend versus straight lanes. Eight experienced sprinters (age 16.3 ± 1.7 years, mass 58.5 ± 11.4 kg, and height 1.72 ± 0.10 m), specializing in the 100, 200, and 400 m events, ran two bouts of 60 m lane heats at maximum speed on the straight lane and bend lanes one and eight (with radii of 37 and 45.10 m, respectively) of a standard 400 m track. Accelerometers on the tibias and head recorded acceleration impacts. Results revealed higher impact magnitudes in the outside leg during bend sprints compared with the inside leg (p < 0.05). Additionally, bend lanes exhibited higher impact magnitudes compared with the straight lane (p < 0.05). Asymmetrical acceleration impacts were observed during bend sprints, with greater asymmetry compared to straight sprints. However, the distribution of impact forces between the legs did not appear to be influenced by lane radius. This suggests that the specific biomechanical demands of bend sprinting differ significantly from those of straight sprinting. These findings emphasize the need for coaches to account for increased asymmetry and distinct impact patterns when training athletes for bend sprints compared to straight‐line sprints.
Effect of cold‐water immersion treatment on recovery from exercise‐induced muscle damage in the hamstring
Authors: Huang Yuh‐Chuan , Chen Hung‐Ting
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effect of five consecutive days of cold‐water immersion (CWI) on recovery from exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) in the hamstrings following maximal eccentric contraction (EC) exercise. Eighteen healthy adult women were randomly assigned to a CWI group and a control group (CG) (n = 9/group). Participants performed 10 sets of 10 repetitions of isokinetic EC at 30°/second and underwent maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) assessment, straight leg raise (SLR) test, and plasma myoglobin (Mb) measurement. The CWI group received one 14‐min session of CWI treatment (14°C) at 1, 25, 49, 73, and 97 h after the EC test, whereas the CG rested in a seated position at the same five time points without receiving treatment. (1) All the dependent variables in the CWI group and CG exhibited significant changes after the EC test (p < 0.05). (2) The recovery effect in the CWI group was significantly greater than in the CG in terms of the MVC, DOMS, SLR, and plasma Mb concentration results. MVC increased by 89.3 ± 2.0% on the fourth day (p < 0.013), DOMS decreased by 15.4 ± 1.5 mm on the second day (p < 0.000), SLR increased by 86.3 ± 1.1% on the second day (p < 0.014), and plasma Mb decreased by 436.3 ± 60.8% on the third day (p < 0.014). The study indicates that five consecutive days of CWI at 14°C significantly enhance recovery from exercise‐induced muscle damage in the hamstrings.
Medical students' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding hepatitis B and C virus infections in Jordan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Suilik Husam Abu , Alfaqeh Osama , Alshrouf Abdalqader , Abdallah Omnia M. , AlSamhori Jehad Feras , Lataifeh Lujain , Alsbou Mohammad , Abusuilik Mohammad , Khalil Nawar , Odeh Mohand , Serhan Hashem Abu , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Hani Anas Bani
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

We aimed to assess the levels of hepatitis B and C knowledge, attitudes, and practices among medical students in Jordan. A survey included participation from medical students across all faculties in Jordan, from 2022 to 2023.

Methods

The data were analyzed with The R Statistical Software (v4.1.2; R Core Team 2022) using descriptive statistics, and multivariate regression analyses. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

In this study of 2602 participants, the average age was 21.4, with 52.6% females. Most were fourth‐year medical students (19.1%), and 52.3% were in clinical years. The mean knowledge score was 14 (SD ± 2.5) out of 20, categorized as high at 58.84%, and low at 41.16%. The mean practice score was 4.89 (SD ± 1.1) out of 7, with good practice in 65%, and low in 35%. The mean attitude score was 1.6 (SD ± 3.1), categorized as low in 81.7%, and high in 18.3%,. High levels of KAP were associated with gender, year of study, and university. Male respondents had lower knowledge (OR: 0.73; p: 0.001; 95% CI: −0.50 to −0.13), and students in the first to fifth years scored lower than sixth‐year students. There were moderate positive associations between knowledge and attitude (r: 0.33, p < 0.001), and weak positive associations between knowledge and practice (r: 0.17, p < 0.001), and attitude and practice (r: 0.133, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the participants revealed high adherence to some practices and intermediate knowledge levels. Gender, academic year, and university affiliation emerged as significant factors, highlighting the necessity for tailored interventions.
Platelet–Leukocyte Aggregate and Interleukin‐6: An Emerging Perspective on a New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Clue for Acute Coronary Syndrome, A Case–Control Study
Authors: Ghorbani Mohammad , Bashash Davood , Gheydari Mohamad Esmail , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Shahraki Hojat , Yazdanparast Somayeh , Olazadeh Keyvan , Atashzar Nazli , Hamidpour Mohsen
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries is considered the underlying pathophysiology of ACS. The interaction between cytokines and leukocytes in the presence of platelets results in platelet–leukocyte aggregate (PLA). Monocytes, neutrophils, and cytokines are prime factors that promote PLA formation, which leads to atherosclerotic plaque progression and subsequent ACS development. This study aimed to investigate PLA (PMA and PNA) formation and cytokine (IL‐6 and TNF‐α) levels as well as the correlation between them in ACS patient samples to identify diagnostic markers.

Methods

A total of 30 patients with ACS and 24 healthy controls participated in this study. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate PLA formation, and the serum levels of cytokines were assessed by ELISA. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and ROC curve were calculated to investigate the correlation between the parameters and their diagnostic value, respectively.

Results

The results showed that PMA, PNA, and IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in ACS patients than in healthy controls. Additionally, TNF‐α levels were not significantly increased in the patient group. In addition, the Pearson's correlation coefficient results revealed a direct linear and statistically significant relationship between PMA‐IL‐6 and PNA‐IL‐6 as well as a direct linear but statistically nonsignificant relationship between IL‐6‐TNF‐α and PMA–PNA, whereas a convers linear but nonsignificant correlation was shown between PMA and TNF‐α and no correlation was detected between PNA and TNF‐α. Finally, ROC curve analysis revealed that the PMA, PNA, and IL‐6 can have diagnostic value.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the PMA, PNA, and IL‐6 can be used as powerful diagnostic markers in ACS patients. Therefore, disrupting PMA and PNA formation and inhibiting cytokine production may be new strategies for the treatment of ACS. However, further investigations are required to explore these parameters in the clinical diagnosis of ACS.
Surgical Resection Enhances Survival in Patients With Liver Metastases From Gastric Cancer: A Population‐Based, Case‐Control Study
Authors: Sun Wuhui , Li Xiawei
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Gastric cancer with liver metastases (GCLM) is a challenging condition that significantly reduces long‐term survival rates, but recent advancements in surgical techniques have shown promise. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the impact of surgical resection on survival rates in GCLM patients.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based analysis utilizing the SEER database for patients diagnosed with GCLM between 2010 and 2015. Overall survival (OS) was compared between patients who underwent cancer‐directed surgery (CDS) and those who did not. The overlap weighting method based on lasso regression with penalty factors was employed to minimize selection bias. Survival outcomes were compared using Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models, with subgroup analyses to further explore the effects of surgery among patients.

Results

A total of 3694 patients with GCLM were identified. Of those, 354 (9.58%) patients underwent CDS. After propensity score adjustment, The median OS was significantly higher in the surgical resection group (12 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11–16) compared to the nonresection group (6 months, 95% CI: 5–6). Cox regression analysis revealed a substantial improvement in OS for the surgical resection group, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.562 (95% CI: 0.482–0.656), including patients with adverse conditions.

Conclusions

The analysis demonstrated a clear association between surgical resection and enhanced OS in GCLM patients. Nevertheless, further research endeavors should be undertaken to identify specific prognostic factors that aid in the selection of optimal candidates for surgical resection.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Through the Assessment of Tissue Biomechanical Properties
Authors: Jamshidi Mohammad Hossein , Karami Aida , Keshavarz Amirhesam , Fatemi Ali , Ghanavati Sepehr
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim

Breast cancer and normal breast tissue exhibit different degrees of stiffness, indicating distinct biomechanical properties. Study results reveal that breast cancer tissue is several times stiffer than normal breast tissue. These variations can serve as indicative factors for imaging purposes. Depicting markers can significantly enhance the process of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. This article provides a brief review of the biomechanical properties of breast cancer tissue, highlighting the role of the magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) technique in utilizing these properties for diagnosing breast cancer.

Methods

In breast MRE, low‐frequency shear waves are employed to measure breast stiffness. This method not only offers a quantitative diagnosis but also generates an elastogram, determining the stiffness of each area through its colors.

Results

MRE represents a diagnostic technique with heightened sensitivity, based on depicting the viscoelasticity properties of breast tissue and describing tumors in terms of biomechanical properties. Combining tissue biomechanical properties, such as tissue stiffness, with contrast‐enhanced breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) leads to tumor diagnosis. The value of MRE in oncological imaging aims at the early detection of tumors and evaluating the prognosis of breast cancer.

Conclusion

Breast MRE can identify the reduction of interstitial pressure in tumors by detecting changes in tissue stiffness, making it an effective tool for monitoring treatment responses. This technique is safe, repeatable, and highly precise, significantly aiding in patient screening.
How Rains and Floods Become Groundwater: Understanding Recharge Pathways With Stable and Cosmogenic Isotopes
Authors: Lerback Jory , Bibby Richard , Danielsen Jacob , Garguilo Mike , Grande Emilio , Harm A. Jake , Minn Ken , Moran Jean , Oerter Erik , Visser Ate
Published: December 2024

Anthropogenic climate change leads to increased precipitation intensity and exacerbated droughts in California, challenging the reliability and drought resiliency of water supply. Storing floodwater underground via managed aquifer recharge can mitigate these effects through direct infiltration or streambed infiltration. Seasonally dry streams (arroyos) already play an important part in managing groundwater recharge to the Livermore basin (CA). Understanding how, when and where stormwater and arroyo water infiltrate is critical to effectively utilise this strategy. To track water from recent storms (water year 2022–2023, WY23) into the Livermore Valley Groundwater Basin, we analysed stable water isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) in combination with naturally occurring radioactive isotopic tracers, sulphur‐35 (35S, t½ = 87 days) and tritium (3H, t½ = 12.3 years). By comparing measurements of δ18O, 35S and 3H in arroyos to precipitation and groundwater, we classified the relative age and identified source of recharge to 16 wells near two arroyos. Two wells contained water with recent recharge (from WY23) from local precipitation. One well had recent recharge from variable (precipitation and imported water) sources. One well contained imported water recharge. Three wells contained water from mixed recent and older (pre‐WY23) waters, from local precipitation sources. Two wells contained recent recharge from local mine settling ponds. Seven wells had older recharge from local precipitation sources. This combination of isotopes allows us to delineate where local and imported water recharges in this highly managed basin and identify locations where managed aquifer recharge is contributing to rapid groundwater infiltration. Our combined interpretation of isotopic water ages and sources in the context of land use shows that local infiltration of precipitation in open spaces is an important recharge mechanism, in addition to the managed arroyo recharge. A broader familiarity with 35S will enable more extensive research on the infiltration of urban floodwaters.
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Authors: Shi Dongfeng , Chen Jiawang , Zhu Menglei , Guo Zijun , He Zixin , Li Ming , Wu Di , Wang Yingjian , Li Liang
Published: December 2024

A cutting‐edge imaging system integrating a high‐performance MoTe2/Si photodetector with single‐pixel imaging (SPI) technology has been presented, achieving high signal‐to‐noise SWIR imaging

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A perspective from the National Eye Institute Extracellular Vesicle Workshop: Gaps, needs, and opportunities for studies of extracellular vesicles in vision research
Authors: Lee Sun Young , Klingeborn Mikael , Bulte Jeff W. M. , Chiu Daniel T. , Chopp Michael , Cutler Christopher W. , Das Saumya , Egwuagu Charles E. , Fowler Christie D. , Hamm‐Alvarez Sarah F. , Lee Hakho , Liu Yutao , Mead Ben , Moore Tara L. , Ravindran Sriram , Shetty Ashok K. , Skog Johan , Witwer Kenneth W. , Djalilian Ali R. , Weaver Alissa M.
Published: December 2024

With an evolving understanding and new discoveries in extracellular vesicle (EV) biology and their implications in health and disease, the significant diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs for vision research has gained recognition. In 2021, the National Eye Institute (NEI) unveiled its Strategic Plan titled ‘Vision for the Future (2021–2025),’ which listed EV research as a priority within the domain of Regenerative Medicine, a pivotal area outlined in the Plan. In alignment with this prioritization, NEI organized a workshop inviting twenty experts from within and beyond the visual system. The workshop aimed to review current knowledge in EV research and explore gaps, needs and opportunities for EV research in the eye, including EV biology and applications of EVs in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis within the visual system. This perspective encapsulates the workshop's deliberations, highlighting the current landscape and potential implications of EV research in advancing eye health and addressing visual diseases.
The association of demographic, psychological, social and activity factors with foot health in people with plantar heel pain
Authors: Gulle Halime , Morrissey Dylan , Tayfur Abdulhamit , Coskunsu Dilber Karagozoglu , Miller Stuart , Birn‐Jeffery Aleksandra V. , Prior Trevor
Published: December 2024

Background

Plantar Heel Pain (PHP) can be a debilitating musculoskeletal condition from which only 50% recover within a year due to poor understanding of the mechanisms explaining severity and predicting outcomes specific to PHP.

Objective

To explore associations between biopsychosocial variables and the severity of people with PHP. Secondly, to determine what combination of self‐reported factors distinguishes people with PHP from other foot pain (OFP).

Methods

We collected data from 235 participants, including 135 (%57) PHP (age 44 ± 12 years, 66% female) and 99 OFP (%43) (age 38 ± 11 years, 57% female) using 5 demographic, 13 biomedical, 8 psychological, 3 social and 8 activity‐related factors. These were tested in linear and logistic regression models.

Results

Quality of life (QoL) (β = 0.35; p < 0.001), education (β = −0.22; p = 0.003), gender (β = −0.20; p = 0.007), morning pain duration (β = −0.18; p = 0.01) and disease duration (β = −0.15; p = 0.040) were significantly associated with severity of PHP. The second model, without QoL, showed that having sensitisation (β = −0.18; p = 0.002) and a higher level of morning pain (β = −0.20; p = 0.01) are associated with severity. The logistic regression results revealed that people with PHP tend to have a systemic disease (OR = 3.34; 1.53–7.76), express more kinesiophobia (OR = 1.02; 1.01–1.14), are less likely to have previous injuries (OR = 0.40; 0.19–0.81), worse morning pain (OR = 1.02; 1.01–1.03) and standing pain (OR = 2.60; 1.39–4.87) compared to people with OFP.

Conclusions

People with PHP have higher associated levels of a range of psychological, social and activity related factors than people with OFP. The findings highlight the importance of considering psychosocial assessments alongside physical examination.
Application of the RIME framework in genetic counseling fieldwork training to assess practice‐based competencies
Authors: Cragun Deborah , Trepanier Angela , Krstić Nevena , Racobaldo Melissa , Hunt Paige , Randall Armel Susan
Published: December 2024

Using educational frameworks for learner assessment in genetic counseling (GC) training may help students and supervisors articulate developmentally appropriate clinical skills‐based objectives and tasks that align with various stages of training as students work toward achieving entry‐level competency. This professional issues case study describes how two GC programs adapted and implemented the RIME (Reporter‐Interpreter‐Manager‐Educator) learner assessment framework, originally designed for medical education, to support and assess students' acquisition of practice‐based competencies (PBCs) during clinical fieldwork placements. Each RIME level describes a different set of expectations regarding the skills students should be able to demonstrate based on the level of training they have achieved up to that point in time. In early training, students work mainly on gathering and reporting clinical information (Reporter level). In early to mid‐training, students have learned what information to collect from clients and begin to apply the information to generate differential diagnoses (Interpreter level). When students reach the Manager level (typically by mid‐ to late‐training), they can independently develop and implement case management plans tailored to individual cases. The Educator level, which may not be fully attained until after graduation, involves critically evaluating evidence and educating others about new evidence. The following paper describes our experiences incorporating the RIME framework into two GC graduate programs and explains the development of corresponding RIME‐based assessment forms that align with the Accreditation Council of Genetic Counseling's 2023 PBCs. Overall, we find that using the RIME framework fosters a growth mindset by enabling students and supervisors to create developmentally appropriate goals and expectations, thereby facilitating assessment and guidance of trainee progress. Despite these perceived benefits, we acknowledge the need for research to evaluate the efficacy of the RIME framework or other learner assessment models in supporting student progression in achieving the GC PBCs.
Characteristics of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients with durable responses to maveropepimut‐S, pembrolizumab, and cyclophosphamide: Long‐term follow‐up from the SPiReL trial
Authors: Pandey Arjun , Roos Kim , Jiang Yidi , Mangoff Kathryn , Klein Gail , Forward Nick , Stewart Douglas , Laneuville Pierre , Bence‐Bruckler Isabelle , Mangel Joy , Tomlinson George , Berinstein Neil L.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) have an unmet medical need. The objective of this trial was to assess the efficacy and toxicities of a novel triple immunotherapy regimen—pembrolizumab, low‐dose cyclophosphamide, and maveropepimut‐S (MVP‐S). This regimen was designed to activate tumor‐specific T cells by targeting the tumor‐associated antigen survivin with MVP‐S and reducing two important T cell inhibitory pathways: T cell exhaustion and regulatory T cells with pembrolizumab and metronomic cyclophosphamide, respectively.

Methods

This was a single‐arm Phase II clinical trial in 25 participants with R/R DLBCL‐SPiReL trial (NCT03349450).

Results

The median overall survival was 10.1 months and a third of participants survived over 2 years. Enhanced long‐term survival was associated with favorable clinical characteristics and enhanced immune reactivity, as assessed by ELISpot and ISR‐immune reactive responses. The regimen was well‐tolerated with minimal Grade 3–4 toxicities.

Conclusion

Combination immunotherapy regimens such as this could offer a promising alternative to other treatments with significant toxicities for select patients.
Linkage to care and prevention after HIV self‐testing: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Goh Su Mei , Tapa James , Johnson Cheryl C. , Chow Eric P. F. , Zhang Lei , Phillips Tiffany , Fairley Christopher K. , Ong Jason J.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Effective linkage to prevention and care is a crucial step following HIV testing services. This systematic review aimed to determine the proportion of individuals linked to prevention and care after HIV self‐testing (HIVST) and describe factors associated with linkage.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search across eight databases (2010–October 2023) identified studies on linkage to care after HIVST, defined as receiving a confirmatory test or initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) if the self‐test was reactive, and/or pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) if the self‐test was non‐reactive. A random‐effects meta‐analysis summarized the findings and meta‐regression explored study‐level covariates, such as world region, population type and service delivery model, that might explain the between‐study heterogeneity.

Results

From 10,071 screened studies, 173 were included in the meta‐analysis. The majority of studies focused on key populations in Africa using unassisted, oral fluid‐based HIVST kits. Among those with reactive HIVST results, 92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88–95) were linked to confirmatory testing (n = 124 studies), and 89% (95% CI: 84–93) of newly diagnosed individuals initiated ART (n = 88 studies). Overall, 84% (95% CI: 74–93) of self‐testers were linked to care (n = 69 studies). However, only 9% (95% CI: 2–19) of individuals with non‐reactive HIVST results were linked to PrEP services (n = 9 studies). Assisted HIVST was associated with higher linkage rates to confirmatory testing and ART initiation compared to unassisted testing. Meta‐regression revealed that the type of delivery model for the HIVST kits influenced linkage and that individuals who obtained their HIVST kits through a social network‐based approach (SNA) were more likely to be linked to confirmatory testing (adjusted odds ratio = 1.28 [95% CI: 1.10–1.50], p = 0.001) compared to non‐SNA service delivery model.

Discussion

In the context of expanding HIVST services globally, we found that linkage to confirmatory testing and ART initiation after HIVST is generally high, particularly when assisted HIVST or SNA‐based distribution is used.

Conclusions

Strengthening timely linkage is vital for improving health outcomes, reducing HIV transmission and achieving the UNAIDS 95‐95‐95 goal. Ongoing research and collaboration with community‐based organizations are needed to overcoming barriers and ensuring positive outcomes for those using HIVST.

PROSPERO Number

CRD42022357570.
Trauma informed career counseling for young adults with mental health conditions
Authors: Lu Weili , Yanos Philip T. , Oursler Janice , Beninato John , Topitzes Dimitri , Banko Amy , Chung Wooyoon Eunice , Stone Brittany
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the challenge of providing effective career counseling services for young adults with mental health conditions (MHCs) who have experienced trauma. We reviewed studies on trauma, career development, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and their impact on vocational functioning of young adults with MHCs and discussed implications of this review. Three cases are also presented to illustrate the way in which trauma and PTSD impact career counseling services. While there are evidence‐based PTSD treatment approaches for young adults with MHCs, trauma‐informed career counseling needs more research and development to facilitate vocational development among this population.
Patterns, Predictors, and Outcomes of Bacterial Growth and Infectious Complications after Pancreatic Resection
Authors: Pencovich Niv , Avishay Noa , Ilan Karny , Jacover Arielle , Elizur Yoav , Horesh Nir , Pery Ron , Eshkenazy Rony , Nachmany Ido
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Infectious complications after pancreatic resections are common, but perioperative factors linked to postoperative bacterial growth are not well‐studied.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed bacterial cultures from patients undergoing pancreatic resection (November 2008 to October 2022), assessing predictors for positive cultures and characterizing bacteria. Complications and outcomes of patients with positive cultures were also examined.

Results

Among 620 patients, bile samples were collected in 95 (95/620; 15.3%), with 60 (60/95; 63.1%) testing positive, 58 of them underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Of these, in 50 (50/58; 86.2%) the culture yielded polymicrobial growth but specific types of bacteria were not identified. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative bile duct stenting as a significant predictor of positive bile cultures (OR: 3.54; 95% CI: 1.95–6.42; p < 0.001), and positive cultures were linked to higher reoperation rates (OR: 2.40; 95% CI:1.18–4.90; p < 0.001. Positive drain cultures within 30 days from surgery were associated with higher rates of clinically significant pancreatic fistula (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.00–5.11; p = 0.05), and reoperations) OR: 4.37; 95% CI: 1.62–11.79; p = 0.03). Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and positive bile cultures had shorter disease‐free survival with a median of 13 months (95% CI: 8–17) versus 18 months (95% CI: 8–29; p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Bile sampling is recommended in all pancreaticoduodenectomies. Managing polymicrobial growth with broad and prolonged antibiotics may reduce postoperative infections.
Contemporary Trends in Reconstruction for Patients With Sarcoma of the Breast
Authors: Kiefer Jurij , Paidisetty Praneet , Elmorsi Rami A. I. , Nguyen Christopher H. M. , Yu Jessie Z. , Hunt Kelly K. , Lillemoe Heather A. , Mericli Alexander F. , Olenczak J. Bryce
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Breast sarcomas are rare, heterogeneous malignancies often associated with prior radiation and require a multidisciplinary approach, including a comprehensive reconstruction plan. We analyzed reconstructive outcomes in a large cohort of patients with breast sarcomas and provide a contemporary treatment algorithm.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent breast reconstruction after surgical treatment for breast sarcoma at our institution between January 2010 and December 2023. We analyzed patient and tumor characteristics, oncologic treatments, reconstructive approaches, and outcomes.

Results

Eighty patients underwent 81 reconstructions. The median age at diagnosis was 53 years. The most common subtypes were primary angiosarcoma (35.8%) and radiation‐associated angiosarcoma (33.3%). The median follow‐up was 23 months. Oncologic management was multimodal: 63.0% received preoperative chemotherapy, 59.3% received post‐operative chemotherapy, 35.8% received both pre‐ and post‐operative chemotherapy, and 34.6% received pre‐ or post‐operative radiation therapy. Forty‐three (53.1%) patients underwent total mastectomy with or without chest wall resection requiring soft‐tissue reconstruction. Thirty‐eight (46.9%) patients underwent formal breast reconstruction. Autologous reconstructions included local tissue rearrangement (39.5%), pedicled flaps (18.5%), regional flaps (16.0%), and free flaps (13.6%). Most patients (82.7%) underwent immediate reconstruction.

Conclusion

Breast sarcomas are managed with multimodal therapy, and most patients undergo immediate reconstruction. Autologous reconstruction remains the first choice in radiated patients, however implant‐based reconstruction has increased with modern approaches. Complication rates are acceptable and similar across sarcoma subtypes. Breast reconstruction is an essential component of care for these patients and can be performed safely and with good results.