bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prosocialidad. Estado actual de la investigación en Colombia
Authors: Gómez Tabares Anyerson Stiths
Published: May 2019

Este artículo tiene por finalidad presentar el estado del arte acerca del estudio de la conducta prosocial en Colombia. Se analizaron las tendencias actuales en términos de las principales variables positivamente relacionadas, focos poblacionales, contextos de estudio, principales hallazgos y vacíos en la investigación sobre este constructo. Se tomaron investigaciones con una amplia gama de variables positivamente asociadas, tales como empatía, conductas de ayuda, altruismo, ajuste psicológico, entre otras. Se encontró que la tendencia en el país, en el campo investigativo, está dirigida al estudio de la conducta prosocial en la infancia y la adolescencia, especialmente en contextos de crianza, parentalidad y escenarios educativos. La evidencia empírica alcanzada en el país, en términos generales, es coherente con los hallazgos en la investigación internacional en materia de prosocialidad. Se puede concluir que, a pesar de las condiciones sociales por las que pasa el país en términos de violencias y conflicto armado, son escasos los estudios de este constructo en poblaciones vulnerables o afectadas por la violencia, siendo este un campo investigativo prometedor con múltiples aristas por explorar.
Correlates of Professional Quality of Life in Nurses
Authors: Mohsin Zehra , Shahed Sarah , Sohail Talat
Published: May 2019

To look into the correlation between demographic variables, perceived social support and professional quality of lifeof nurses in public hospitals. A sample of 160 nurses of age (M=33.48, SD=9.18) was selected from public hospitals of Lahore. The nurses completed a demographic information form, MultidimensionalScale of Perceived Social Supportand Professional Quality of Life Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Two demographic variables, age and experience had significant positive correlation with compassion fatigue, r =.252, n=160, p <.01 and r =.256, n=160, p <.01 respectively. Other demographicvariables i.e. working hours and monthly income had no significant relationship with the subscales of Professional Quality of Life (compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout). Perceived Social Support had a significant correlation with compassion satisfaction, r=.222, n=160, p<.01. It was concluded that the relationship between age, experience and compassion fatigue of nurses was significantly positive. The greater the age and experience of the nurses the more likely they are to have compassion fatigue. Perceived Social Support was related with compassion satisfaction which suggests that nurses’ perception of social support can increase their compassion satisfaction.
Treatment Compliance in Diabetics: Physician-Patient Relationship
Authors: Zahid Anza , Ayub Muhammad Ali , Saeed Mujtaba , Pasha Nasir , Dar Abdul Jabbar , Javed Huzaifa , Shakeel Aimen , Nasir Amna , Akbar Ana , Tarrar Zainab , Humayun Ayesha
Published: May 2019

Diabetes is a chronic disease and non-compliance attitude of patients poses a great challenge to the success of therapy. Multiple factors influence compliance among diabetics and other chronic diseases and non-compliance results in avoidable consequences and complications. In order to determine the magnitudeand factors of non-compliance to physicians’ advice in diabetics attending outpatients, a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in outpatient diabetic clinics of Shaikh Zayed and Services Hospitals in Lahore. Results presented in this study are based on 177 patients investigated for 3 months (April 2014-June2014). Subjects were conveniently enrolled after taking written informed consent using a self-constructed and structured questionnaire. Out of 177 participants, 55.36% were females and 51.41% participants were in the range of 52-75 years of age. Among 79 males, majority (45.6%) were employees, whereas 91.8% werehousewives among females’ participants,. Out of 177 diabetic patients, 42 patients (23.7%) were non-compliant and 135 patients (62.5%) were found to be compliant. The normal glucose level was observed in 120/177 (67.8%) of participants. Interestingly, 97.2% subjects revealed agood attitude as the main trait of apractitioner whereas 2.8% claimed good practice and competency. Conversely, 94.4% blamed bad attitude as a trait of bad doctor whereas 4.6% reported that the bad practice and incompetency is responsible for the negative trait. Taken together, compliance to physician’s advice is better among diabetics attending tertiarycare hospitals in current study. The study encourages our health care system to provide more awareness and obtain a deeper understanding of factors causing non-compliance. A positive relationship between patient and practitioners would positively impact on the clinical outcome of the ailments and their therapies.
Leadership Styles of Medical Professionals
Authors: Nizami Rahila , Latif Muhammad Zahid , Hussain Intzar , Rashid Khalid
Published: May 2019

Leadership is an obligatory inter-personal skill for executive positions and medical professionals are no exception. They play crucial roles in variety of scenarios including leading wards, camps, campaigns, open houses, seminars and symposiums as well as day-to-day bases dealing with clinical directors and managers.This study was conducted to study the leadership styles among the medical professionals. For this purpose, a cross sectional and non-probability convenient sampling was conducted involving 59 medical professionals of Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore. The assessment of leadership-style (T-P leadership ratingscale) was applied. The ages of subjects were 37.42±11.91years, and 29(49.15%) were male and 27(45.76%) were female whereas 3(5.1%) were of undisclosed gender. The mean age of males were 41.28±12.85years and average age of females was 32.83±9.03years. A total of 36(61.02%) of participants were married and17(28.81%) were unmarried whereas 6(10.2%) did not disclose their marital statuses. Regardless of the gender, age and character, no dominating leadership-style was identified among the medical professionals participated in this study, highlighting the need for leadership development in health professionals. Thispresent a great challenge for health professionals to understand how their leadership behaviors affect the performance. Further research is required to provide more comparable evaluations in health sector leadership in diverse cohorts and the presented study provides the baseline to improve this feature in healthcareprofessionals.
Effects of Maternal food Insecurity on Birth Weight of Neonates: A Prospective Cohort
Authors: Saeed Ayesha , Naqvi Mobina , Javed Ahsan
Published: May 2019

Pakistani population is seriously malnutritioned and is hunger redisposed. Based on the Global Hunger Index Pakistan is ranked at 107 of 118 countries .Food insecurity is among major causes of under-nutrition and has been associated with low birth weights. This study aimed to assess the effect of maternal foodinsecurity on birth weight of neonates in Lahore, Pakistan.Ina prospective cohort conducted at Shalamar Hospital Lahore; from April to August 2016, written informed consents were obtained from 103 eligible pregnant women. Data on demography was collected through a structured questionnaire and exposure wasassessed through 6-items Version of U.S. Household Food Security Survey and cohort was followed until delivery, and birth weight was recorded. Follow up could be completed for 50 women only and response rate was 49%. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and relative risk and multinomial logistic Regression were applied using SPSS version 22. Mean maternal age was 28.100+4.824 years, mean education was 12.400+2.138 years, mean BMI was 29.420+5.075 and mean household income was PKR 25641+16251.543. With these characteristics, the mean birth weight of2.814+0.551 kg was recorded. Four percent (n=2) had very low food security and 34% (n=17) women had low food security. Importantly, food unsecured women had a 5.439 times increased risk of delivering a low birth weight neonate (RR=5.439, CI=1.710-17.296, p=0.002). Regression analysis indicated a significant association (AOR 16.076, CI=2.381-108.564, p=0.004).Based onthese studies, it was concluded that food insecurity in pregnancy is associated with low birth weight in neonates. Antenatal screening of food insecurity and timely provision food supplements through social welfare can help reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Contribution of decision support systems to water management improvement in basins with high evaporation in Mediterranean climates
Authors: Ruiz-Ortiz Verónica , García-López Santiago , Solera Abel , Paredes Javier
Published: May 2019

The entry into force of Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 October 2000 established a new model for the management and protection of surface water and groundwater in Europe. In this sense, a thorough knowledge of the basins is an essential step in achieving this European objective. The utility of integrative decision support systems (DSS) for decision-making in complex systems and multiple objectives allows decision-makers to identify characteristics and improve water management in a basin. In this research, hydrological and water management resource models have been combined, with the assistance of the DSS AQUATOOL, with the aim of deepening the consideration of losses by evaporation of reservoirs for a better design of the basin management rules. The case study treated is an Andalusian basin of the Atlantic zone (Spain). At the same time, different management strategies are analysed based on the optimization of the available resources by means of the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater.
Understanding lead in water and avoidance strategies: a United States perspective for informed decision-making
Authors: Pieper Kelsey J. , Katner Adrienne , Kriss Rebecca , Tang Min , Edwards Marc A.
Published: May 2019

The pervasiveness of lead in drinking water poses a significant public health threat, which can be reduced by implementing preventive measures. However, the causes of elevated lead in water and the benefits of lead in water avoidance strategies are often misunderstood. Based on experiences in the United States, this paper describes an oversimplified ‘lead in water equation’ to explain key variables controlling the presence of lead in drinking water to better inform public health practitioners, government officials, utility personnel, and concerned residents. We illustrate the application of the equation in Flint, Michigan and explore the primary household-level water lead avoidance strategies recommended during the crisis, including flushing, filtration, bottled water use, and lead pipe removal. In addition to lead reduction, strategies are evaluated based on costs and limitations. While these lead avoidance strategies will reduce water lead to some degree, the costs, limitations, and effectiveness of these strategies will be site- and event-specific. This paper presents a simplified approach to communicate key factors which must be considered to effectively reduce waterborne lead exposures for a wide range of decision makers.

This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Water availability, consumption and sufficiency in Himalayan towns: a case of Murree and Havellian towns from Indus River Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Virk Zeeshan Tahir , Khalid Bilal , Hussain Abid , Ahmad Bashir , Dogar Salaar Saeed , Raza Nelufar , Iqbal Bilal
Published: May 2019

This study attempts to analyse the status of water availability, consumption and sufficiency in two Himalayan towns – Murree and Havellian from Pakistan's Indus Basin, using the primary data collected from 350 households, 26 town level focus groups and key informants. Findings revealed that groundwater is the main source of water on which around 85% of households are heavily dependent. Estimates of water availability, consumption and water sufficiency ratio (WSR) show that available groundwater is not sufficient (0.89) to meet the requirements for consumption in Havellian. However, in the case of Murree, available water is sufficient (1.92). Taking into account the national standards of water consumption, WSR estimates show that both towns have insufficient water availability (Murree: 0.68, Havellian: 0.50). There is evidence that in both towns, water is being mismanaged at household level. In addition, one-fifth of households reported that climate change has also affected the water availability in the towns over time. Factors such as rapid urbanization and population growth are likely to result in increased requirements of water in the future. Based on the findings, the study has suggested policy actions on protection, efficient use, diversification and governance of groundwater resources.
Environmentally friendly interlocking concrete paver blocks produced with treated wastewater
Authors: Tonetti Adriano Luiz , Duarte Natalia Cangussu , dos Santos Mariana Rodrigues Ribeiro , Siqueira Gustavo Henrique
Published: May 2019

This study aimed at supporting processes and techniques for minimization of water consumption in the production of concrete. For this purpose, the use of treated wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in interlocking concrete paver block (ICPB) production was evaluated. The treated wastewater was added in various dosages (0%, 50%, 75% and 100%) to the water used to produce cylindrical concrete samples. These samples were evaluated for compressive strength and water absorption tests. After these evaluations, the dosage of 100% treated wastewater for concrete production was established and ICPB were produced with this water composition. Subsequently, an area in a parking lot was replaced by ICPB produced with treated wastewater, and an equal area was replaced by ICPB produced with potable water. A comparison between parameters obtained for cylindrical samples and ICPB samples prepared with treated wastewater and those prepared with potable water indicated that wastewater reuse would be a good alternative for potable water consumption reduction in the concrete industry.
Amine functionalized and Fe3O4 incorporated activated carbon for bisphenol-A separation
Authors: Bhatia Drishti , Batra Sakshi , Datta Dipaloy
Published: May 2019

Activated carbon (AC) is the most commonly used adsorbent for water purification, although the dispersive nature of AC in aqueous solution poses a serious problem. To overcome this limitation, AC was magnetized with iron oxide using iron salts as precursor. Further to enhance its effectiveness, it was impregnated with Aliquat 336. Different characterization techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), along with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)) were used to analyze the adsorbent. Furthermore, the value of the pH at which the overall charge on the surface of the adsorbent is neutral was found by pH drift method. The modified form of the activated carbon was used to treat the aqueous solution of bisphenol-A in the batch as well as in the continuous mode of operation. In batch mode, the data were validated using equilibrium and kinetic models, and in continuous mode, data were fitted with the Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and bed depth service time (BDST) fixed bed adsorption models. Also, the changes in Gibb's free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were estimated from the temperature study. The design of an adsorption column is proposed to treat 10,000 L/day of an industrial effluent containing BPA.
Nanostructured Materials and their Potential as Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Bakhsh Esraa M. , Khan Sher Bahadar , Marwani Hadi M. , Danish Ekram Y. , Akhtar Kalsoom , Alhazmi Marya A. , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: May 2019

Environmental pollutants are considered as the main concern for human life because it can affect health, especially via water sources. An enormous effort is needed to detect and monitor such contaminants from natural waters. Nanotechnology field offered combined benefits in regards to sensitive detection of environmental contaminants from water. This review describes the main types of water contaminants and recent approaches used for effective electrochemical detection of environmental pollutants with the aid of nanostructured materials.
Impact Behaviour Of Hybrid Bandage Casts
Authors: Agisparayan C.K. , Low K.O. , Lim S.T. , Wong K.J.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Many studies were done to assess the mechanical characteristics of the bandage casts with regards to different specifications of materials under different parameters. Many patents have been designed on the various types of casting materials such as POP, fiberglass and polyester. A recent trend in the patent is to explore a hybrid combination for bandage casts to withstand structural failure, crack formation or deformation.

Objective:

This study aims to study the effect of impact force on plaster of Paris, fiberglass and hybrid bandage casts.

Methods:

There different bandage casts were constructed using plaster of Paris, fiberglass and a hybrid combination of plaster of Paris and fiberglass. They were subjected to Charpy impact test, three-point flexural test, and Rockwell B hardness test.

Results:

The impact characteristics, energy absorption properties, ductility, rigidity, strength, stiffness and indentation hardness of the hybrid bandage cast were found to be greatly influenced from being a composite of two casts and interfaces. It was found that the impact energy capable of being absorbed prior to fracture for the plaster of Paris, fiberglass and hybrid were 1.225 Joules, 11.125 Joules and 6.750 Joules, respectively

Conclusion:

Hybrid bandage casts possessed improved impact characteristics compared to plaster of Paris bandage casts and more cost-effectiveness as compared to fiberglass bandage casts
Meta-Analysis Steps and Reporting
Authors: AŞIK Zeynep , ÖZEN Mehmet
Published: May 2019

Evidence based medicine
is a medical decision making approach using the best available medical
evidence. For this, the research question should be clearly defined, the
evidence should be investigated, the evidences should be assessed, the medical
decisions must be made and implemented and the results of the implementation
should be observed. Meta-analysis and systematic review are at the top of the
evidence based-pyramid at evidence based medicine. Meta-analysis is an original
article that it is the synthesis of a large number of researches to reach a
large number of data, provides more reliable information about the subject
being searched. When the meta-analysis is prepared; the research question is
determined, the literature is searched and appropriate studies are selected,
the selected researches are coded, the effect size is calculated, the data are
analyzed again according to the effect sizes and meta-analysis is written
respectively. The PRISMA Protocol is often used in conducting meta-analysis.
This review summarizes steps for evidence based medicine, steps for conducting
meta-analysis, the PRISMA Checklist and the PRISMA Flow Diagram which are
translated into Turkish. This review is belived to be a valuable contribution
to Turkish scientist, especially in planning to conduct a meta-analysis.Kanıta dayalı tıp, elde
bulunan en iyi tıbbi kanıtları kullanarak tıbbi karar verme yaklaşımıdır. Bu
amaçla araştırma sorusu net olarak belirlenmeli, kanıtlar araştırılmalı,
belirlenen kanıtlar değerlendirilmeli, tıbbi karar verilmeli ve uygulanmalı,
uygulamanın sonuçları gözlenmelidir. Kanıta dayalı tıpta, kanıt piramidinin en
üst basamağında meta-analiz ve sistematik derlemeler yer almaktadır.
Meta-analiz, çok sayıda araştırmayı sentezleyerek geniş veri sayısına ulaşmayı
ve araştırılan konu hakkında daha objektif bilgiler edinilmesini sağlayan bir
orijinal araştırma türüdür. Meta-analiz hazırlanırken, sırasıyla araştırma
sorusu belirlenir; literatür taraması yapılarak uygun araştırmalar seçilir,
seçilen araştırmalar kodlanır; etki büyüklüğü hesaplanır, etki büyüklüklerine
göre veriler tekrar analiz edilir ve meta-analiz yazılır. Meta-analiz yazım
aşamasında sıklıkla PRISMA Protokolü’nden yararlanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede,
kanıta dayalı tıp basamakları, meta-analiz yazım basamakları özetlenmiş; PRISMA
Kontrol Listesi ve PRISMA Akış Şemasının Türkçe çevirilerine yer verilmiştir.
Bu araştırmanın özellikle meta-analiz yapma hazırlığında olan araştırmacılara
katkısı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Cambios bromatológicos y estructurales en Megathyrsus maximum bajo cuatro arreglos silvopastoriles
Authors: Barragán-Hernández Wilson Andrés , Cajas-Girón Yasmín Socorro
Published: May 2019

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el comportamiento bromatológico y estructural de Megathyrsus maximus (Poaceae) bajo cuatro arreglos silvopastoriles y una pradera sin árboles. Se utilizaron jaulas de exclusión para evaluar cuatro edades de rebrote: 7, 14, 21 y 28 días. En cada edad, se registró la proteína cruda, fibra en detergente neutro, fibra en detergente ácido y digestibilidad in situ de la materia seca (bromatológico) y altura de planta, relación hoja: tallo y ancho de la hoja (estructural). El arreglo silvopastoril afectó (p < 0,05) el contenido de proteína en M. maximum. El promedio de la proteína en los tratamientos Pasto y p-Arbust, fue 2,42 % menos que el promedio de los tratamientos p-Arbor, p-Arbust-Arbor y p-Arbust-Arbor-M. Los contenidos de fibra en detergente neutro (65,16 %) y ácido (37,30 %) fueron mayores en época seca (p < 0,05). En la respuesta estructural, el tratamiento afectó (p < 0,05) la altura, la relación hoja:tallo y ancho de la hoja, con los mayores registros en p-Arbor (80,26 cm), Pasto (51,75:1 g) y p-Arbust-Arbor (2,73 cm), respectivamente. Se registró interacción de la edad, la época y el arreglo (p < 0,05) en la altura y ancho de la hoja. En estas características, los arreglos silvopastoriles con cobertura arbórea evidenciaron una mejor respuesta en época seca a 28 días, comparado con los sistemas sin árboles. Se concluye que el arreglo silvopastoril influyó en la respuesta adaptativa de M. maximum, con incremento de proteína y mejor respuesta en alto y ancho de hoja.
Propiedades antioxidante y antiglicosilante de extractos de Diplotaxis tenuifolia
Authors: Parada Romina B , Vallejo Marisol , Marguet Emilio R
Published: May 2019

The goal of this study was to investigate phenolic contents and biological activities in leaves of Diplotaxis tenuifolia collected in Patagonia (Argentina). Anti-glycation activities were tested by bovine serum albumin-glucose (BSA-glu) and Maillard reaction models. Only in the case of water extract of dry matter, Maillard reaction could be 40 % inhibited. The remaining results do not allow make definitive conclusions. Water extracts exhibited higher polyphenol content than methanolic ones (1074.25 and 647.5 mg Gallic acid equivalent/100 g of dry matter, respectively). On the other hand, flavonoid content was comparable between the water and methanolic extracts (218.2 and 213.4 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g of dry matter, respectively). Regarding antioxidant properties, CUPRAC (Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) showed values of 655.6 mg Trolox equivalent/100 g of dry matter and 749.6 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g of dry matter for water extracts and 1045,2 mg Trolox equivalent/100 g of dry matter and 1203,9 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g of dry matter for methanolic ones. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay displayed values of 203,3 mg Trolox equivalent/100 g of dry matter and 180.0 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g of dry matter for water extracts, and 97.7 mg Trolox equivalent/100 g of dry matter and 89,3 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g of dry matter for methanolic ones. The results obtained highlight the antioxidative potential of D. tenuifolia collected in extreme regions like Patagonia. This edible plant is an antioxidant-rich source that should be considered as functional food, its consumption is recommendable to prevent cell damage by scavenging deleterious free radicals.
Analysis of Pinterest as a Tool for Dissemination of Nutrition Information for Parents of Teenagers
Authors: Black Holly A. , Schumacher Julie Raeder , Vollmer Rachel L. , Harpel Tammy S.
Published: May 2019

This study focused on exploring the type of nutrition information disseminated on the social media site, Pinterest. The information analyzed focused specifically on nutrition information for teenagers. Data were collected by purposive sampling based upon specific inclusion criteria. Five sets of search terms were used: teen breakfast healthy, teen lunch healthy, teen dinner healthy, teen nutrition and healthy snacks for teens. From these sets of search terms, 99 pins were collected for through mixed methods by two separate researchers. Data collected from the pins were compared to the MyPlate guidelines. At least one food group from MyPlate was featured in the information shared, with the majority of pins featuring two to five of the MyPlate guidelines. The results indicated that overall, the pins were not from nutrition-related credible sources; rather, the information came primarily from parents of teenagers sharing their personal experiences. In general, the nutrition information shared was mostly accurate, albeit vague. Due to the lack of nutrition-related credible sources, this study highlights a platform that registered dietitians and other health professionals could use to share relatable, evidence-based nutrition and wellness information to parents and adolescents.
ESTIMATION OF RISK FACTORS OF EARLY POSTOPERATIVE MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WHO ARE SUBJECTED TO GASTRIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Authors: Pešić Ivan , Nestorović Milica , Pecić Vanja , Radojković Milan , Đorđević Lidija , Đorđević Miodrag , Bojić Toplica
Published: May 2019

The use of screening programms in elderly population (age ≥65 years) comprises an increasing proportion of patients undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) procedures nowadays. The aim was to determine the intra-hospital mortality rate in elderly patients undergoing gastric surgical procedures. 108 elderly patients (≥65 years old) were examined, divided into two groups: deceased and surviving surgical patients, treated for diseases (benign and malignant) of the stomach. The patients were divided into four age groups and five ASA groups, taking into account the presence of chronic diseases, the values of some laboratory parameters, administered transfusion and the occurrence of surgical complications during hospitalization. The mortality rate among elderly patients was 28.7%. The significant risk factors for mortality were: emergency surgery (p < 0.001), bleeding gastric ulcer operations (p = 0.042), lung (p = 0.003), kidney (p < 0.001), heart (p = 0.025) diseases, ASA score of 4 or higher (p < 0.001), serum levels (higher after two times measurement) of creatinine, haemoglobin, CRP, PCT and glycemia (p < 0.001). In order to improve medical treatment, the determination of independent validated risk indicators for mortality in elderly patients might lead to developing a dedicated scoring system.
ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2019

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NEURORADIOLOGY
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2019

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CARDIAC RADIOLOGY
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2019

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Development and Pilot Testing of a Novel Graphic Values History Tool to Support Communication and Decision Making During Serious Illness
Authors: Allatt Peter , You (ED) John
Published: May 2019

Background: We report the development and pilot-testing of a values history tool to support patients and their substitute decision makers (SDMs) in advance care planning.Methods: Tool development was an iterative, multi-phase process involving expert input, literature review, patient input, and beta-testing with 35 laypersons. In a single-center, before-after pilot study, we assessed the acceptability, clarity, and potential utility of the tool.  Results: Participants (n=6; 3 patients and 3 SDMs) rated the tool as clear (4.7/5), worthwhile (4.7/5), and said it did not cause distress (4.7/5).Tool completion and discussion resulted in better understanding of patient values (mean 4.5 on a 5-point scale) and helped build understanding between patient and SDM (4.3/5). ParticipantsConclusions: Based on development involving content experts, patients, and laypersons, we conclude that our tool has face and content validity. Our pilot study suggests it merits evaluation in larger studies to further evaluate its utility.
Detection of enrofloxacine residues by microbiological screening method
Authors: Petrovic Jelena , Kartalovic Brankica , Ratajac Radomir , Prodanov-Radulovic Jasna , Stojanov Igor , Zekic Marina , Stefanovic Srdjan
Published: May 2019

The usage of microbiological screening tests is widespread in control of
presence of antimicrobial drug residues in meat samples. Screening tests
must be capable to detect antimicrobial drug residue of interest and
detection limits must comply with MRL (Maximum Residue Limit). The aim of
this study was to examine the performance of a microbiological screening
test with E. coli as test microorganism: capability of detecting
enrofloxacina and it?s main metabolite ciprofloxacine at MRL levels in both
fortified and incurred chicken tissue samples. Detection limits of
microbiological screening test with E. coli was 50 ng/g for enrofloxacin and
25 ng/g for ciprofloxacin. Screening test had positive results in all
samples of fortified and incurred meat with residue concentrations above MRL
level. The results of this examinations shows that microbiological screening
test with E. coli, as simple and cost effective test, is capable to detect
enrofloxacine and it?s metabolite ciprofloxacine in treated poultry at MRL
level ie test is capable to detect unsafe poultry meat.
Bacterial inoculant effect on quality of alfalfa silage and haylage
Authors: Djordjevic Snezana , Mandic Violeta , Djordjevic Nikola , Pavlovic Biljana
Published: May 2019

Using of silage and haylage of forage legumes in ruminant nutrition and
promotion of promoting proper forage conservation techniques should be an
important strategy in livestock production in our country. Forage legumes
are difficult to ensile, so it is necessary to apply the starter culture of
selected strains of lactic acid bacteria that support the ensiling process
and prevent bacterial butyric fermentation and thus contribute to the
preservation and improvement of silage and haylage quality. In this paper,
the influence of bacterial inoculant ?Silko for alfalfa? on the quality of
silage and haylage of alfalfa in two separate trials is presented. The
inoculant is a combination of homofermentative lactic bacteria Lactobacillus
plantarum and Pediococcus spp. The first-cut alfalfa in the second year was
used for silage and haylage. The silage was examined in mini-silos in the
laboratory, and the haylage at the cattle farm where the plant material was
cuts were collected in experimental silo bags. The treatments were control
(untreated silage, i.e. haylage) and silage, i.e. haylage treated with
inoculant ?Silko for alfalfa? (rate of 5 ml t-1 fresh material). The silages
were analyzed after 90 days, and haylage after 40. The inoculant ?Silko for
alfalfa? has been found to maintain the nutritive value of silage and
haylage and to improve their chemical, energy and fermentation parameters
relative to the control. Since ?Silko for alfalfa? positively affects the
correct lactic acid fermentation of silage and haylage and contributes to a
lesser loss of nutritional value and energy it is expected that it can
promote a high level of productivity of ruminants, and thus contribute to
the growth of profit in livestock production.
Genetic diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding collection in Serbia
Authors: Savic Aleksandra , Brdar-Jokanovic Milka , Dimitrijevic Miodrag , Petrovic Sofija , Zdravkovic Milan , Zivanov Dalibor , Vasic Mirjana
Published: May 2019

The characterization of 41 common bean cultivars and landraces from breeding
collection of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, was
done based on phenotypic traits and microsatellite markers. Phenotypic
traits were chosen from Bioversity International descriptor list. In
addition, main yield components were investigated. Analysis of phaseolin
type revealed affiliation of cultivars and landraces to Mesoamerican or
Andean gene pool. Cultivars and landraces demonstrated significant diversity
level with regard to studied phenotypic traits. Identified variation showed
high potential for developing new cultivars with desirable combination of
traits. Principal component analysis based on phenotypic traits separated
bean cultivars and landraces in two groups, which corresponded to
Mesoamerican and Andean determined according to phaseolin type. Putative
hybrids, with combination of traits between gene pools were also identified.
Analysis of microsatellite data, using twenty-two SSR primer pairs, showed
medium gene diversity in studied material. Microsatellite-based cluster
analysis separated genotypes in two discrete clusters and several
subclusters. No clear separation according to gene pool was found between
the clusters, however grouping according to gene pool and patterns of
phenotypic variation, following these gene pools, were observed within
subclusters. Knowledge on detailed relationships of cultivars and landraces
based on phenotypic and molecular data would facilitate identification of
candidates for future breeding.
Sequence analysis of flavanone 3-hydroxylase and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase genes in wheat with nonstandard coloured caryopses
Authors: Stiasna Klára , Presinszká Mária , Vyhnánek Tomás , Trojan Václav , Hanácek Pavel , Havel Ladislav
Published: May 2019

The DNA sequences of chosen structural genes, flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H)
and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), encoding key enzymes from the
flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, were studied in this paper. Sequences were
gained using different approaches, i.e. direct sequencing from the PCR
product for F3H and a cloning strategy for DFR. Five bread wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) genotypes with nonstandard coloured caryopses, purple, blue,
and white, were used as plant material. The sequence variability was
observed among tested genotypes.
Chromosomal evolution and molecular genetic analysis of four species of genus Anas (Aves: Anatidae)
Authors: Abu-Almaaty Ali , Hassan Mohamed , El-Bakary Neveen , Ahmed Sarah
Published: May 2019

Birds are considered one of the least karyotypically examined animal groups
due to their karyotype specificity, i.e. small chromosomes, a large diploid
chromosome number and the separation of chromosomes into macro- and
microchromosomes. The present work was aimed to investigate the number of
chromosomes and their karyological and molecular genetic relationships of
four species of genus Anas (Anas crecca, Anas penelope, Anas acuta and Anas
clypeata (Family: Anatidae). All four species have the same diploid
chromosome number of 2n=80. The four investigated species have shown five
pairs of macrochromosomes and the remaining 35 pairs were of
microchromosomes. Ten RAPD primers were used for molecular discrimination by
polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The (PCR) showed polymorphic bands, which
were used for the construction of the dendrogram and a similarity matrix. A
total of 133 bands were obtained; 37 of them were polymorphic and 27 unique
bands. Similarity values among the species under study ranged from 79% to
85%. The highest similarity was between A. Penelope and A. acuta (85%) while
the lowest similarity was between A. acuta and A. clypeata (79 %). RAPD
analysis confirmed that the four Anas species under study are genetically
different from each other and a genetic variation was found between and
within the three species tested in this study. The karyotypic features are
also suitable as cytotaxonomic markers of Anatidae.
Agro-morphological and chemical characterization of traditional Indonesian peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars
Authors: Wanget Sesilia , Morales-Corts María , Pérez-Sánchez Rodrigo , Rostini Neni , Gómez-Sánchez María , Karuniawan Agung
Published: May 2019

In order to improve the knowledge of the peanut species, thirty five
cultivars from several different regions in Indonesia were collected and
characterized agro-morphologically and chemically. A total of 25
descriptors, mainly defined by the International Plant Genetic Resources
Institute and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid
Tropics were used to describe the flowers, leaves and fruits obtained over 5
planting seasons (October 2010-February 2013). The study indicates that
different growth seasons strongly affect the quantitative peanut parameters
measured. A dendrogram, produced using the Furthest Neighbor Method
(Euclidean) from agro-morphological and chemical parameters, afforded a
clear separation between the peanut cultivars and revealed existing
synonymies such as Gorontalo B and C and homonymies such as Kinali Merah and
Putih. Some cultivars, such as Baturaja B, Rancabuaya, and Sumenep,
exhibited an interesting combination of the high-yield (950 kg/ha), high
content of omega-3 (3.42 g/100g) and omega-9 (38.11 g/100g) fatty acids, and
resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum characters. Another two relevant
cultivars related to chemical composition were Binjai and Sumedang. All
these traditional cultivars can be used as a potential source of genetic
variation for future peanut improvement programs. This work is an important
step in the conservation of genetic peanut resources in Indonesia, which
show distinctive and interesting agronomic and chemical characters, such as
yield components, maturing time and oil composition.
Divergence among maize genotypes with different kernel types according to SSR marker analysis
Authors: Nikolic Ana , Kravic Natalija , Srdic Jelena , Kovacevic Dragan , Andjelkovic Violeta , Filipovic Milomir , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana
Published: May 2019

Panels of diverse materials have proven to be very useful in evaluation of
the organization of genetic diversity available for breeding at phenotypic
and genotypic levels. In this study, a panel consisting of several groups of
maize inbreds was tested using microstelite markers. The aim of this study
was to test genetic diversity and define population structure of twenty-four
genotypes differing in kernel type (dent, flint, popcorn, sweet maize) and
kernel color (white, yellow, orange) with 21 SSRs. Genetic diversity
parameters such as number of alleles, gene diversity, observed
heterozygosity, PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) and number of unique
alleles were determined. In addition, genetic distances according to Rogers
distance were calculated. The values for all parameters were high,
reflecting high genetic divergence of analyzed germplasm. Distance matrix
based on UPGMA cluster analysis showed moderate congruence to available
pedigree/origin or kernel type/color data. Genetic structure of tested
genotypes was defined using Bayesian model-based clustering, without a
considerable difference in comparison to cluster data analysis. The
determined diversity parameters along with the results concerning genetic
structure analysis provided a valuable information for improved selection
efficiency.
Studies on gene flow from herbicide resistant to weedy sunflower
Authors: Bozic Dragana , Saulic Markola , Savic Aleksandra , Gibbings George , Vrbnicanin Sava
Published: May 2019

Gene flow is a main concern associated with the use of herbicide resistant
sunflower crops because it could transfer herbicide resistance traits to
weedy sunflower. In order to estimate potential gene flow from imazamox and
tribenuron-methyl resistant sunflower hybrids to weedy sunflower, field
experiments and DNA analysis were conducted. The progeny of weedy sunflower
which grown near imazamox (WS1) and tribenuron-methyl (WS2) resistant hybrid
in previous experiments were used. In the field experiment, recommended
rates of imazamox and tribenuron-methyl were applied to WS1 and WS2,
respectively, and plants surviving were recorded. Herbicides effect on fresh
weight of survived plants were also determined. The presence of mutations
responsible for sunflower resistance to herbicides (imazamox and
tribenuron-methyl) checked based on DNA analysis of selected survived
plants. Percentage of survived plants in field experiment was recorded at
maturity and depend on weedy sunflower accession (WS1or WS2) and distance of
their mother plants from resistant sunflower hybrid in previous experiment
and was higher for WS2 (50.25%) than for WS1 (24.50%). As DNA analysis were
not confirmed the presence of the point mutations responsible for sunflower
resistance to imazamox and tribenuron-methyl.
Aging of rural population in Yugoslavia
Authors: Antonovic Jelena
Published: May 2019

Mass migration to urban areas constitutes the basic direct factor of the
decline in rural population of Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th
century. Due to the characteristic migration patterns by age and sex, they
have had a substantial impact on the change in age structure of rural
population towards rapid demographic ageing. By inducing decline in
fertility and an increase in mortality, the newly formed age structure is
increasingly becoming one of the basic factors to further decline in
population, or even the major factor to rural depopulation in the majority
of regions. The paper analyzes changes in age structure of rural population
in the FR of Yugoslavia and across its republics and provinces during the
period from 1961 to 1991. The conditions prevailing during the last census
(1991) are particularly highlighted. The author points to distinct
differences in ageing of urban versus rural populations, and considerable
regional differences at the achieved level of demographic age. Based on the
main demographic age indicators (the share of five-year and larger age
groups, average age, ageing index and movement in major age-specific
contingents), the author concludes that the process of population ageing had
taken place in both rural and urban populations, but was more intensive in
villages (higher share of the aged, higher index of ageing and higher
average age) during the period under review. The author points to distinct
ageing of rural population in all republics and provinces. It was most
prominent in central Serbia and Vojvodina, while being quite slow in Kosovo
and Metohia and recorded mainly in between the last two censuses
(1981-1991). Likewise, Kosovo and Metohia constitute the only major region
of Yugoslavia in which rural population in 1991 is still demographically
younger than the population in urban settlements. Rural versus urban
population ageing was much more intensive in other major regions of the
country, both from the base and from the apex of the age pyramid. In view of
the minimal differences in fertility and mortality levels by type of
settlement (particularly in central Serbia and Vojvodina), the author argues
that the inherited age structure constitutes the main cause of rapid
acceleration in rural population ageing in low fertility regions.
Implementation of the family planning programs in villages: Needs, prospects and possible solutions
Authors: Rasevic Mirjana
Published: May 2019

This paper is made up of three parts. The first part provides an analysis of
the family planning program adopted by the Government of Serbia in early
1998. In addition to the targets, measures and the institutional basis of
the activities envisaged by the program, attention is also given to the
evaluation of the document itself. It is highlighted that formulation of the
elements of the family planning program and their adoption constitute only
the first step and that the success of the program shall largely depend on
the manner of its operationalization, and particularly, on the
implementation of the proposed measures and activities. In the first part of
the paper, the author also asserts that the document adopted neither
included the points of particular interest nor the specific conditions for
implementing the program-related activities in the context of rural
population. Hence, the second and the third parts discuss the research
findings regarding rural population of Serbia and the pragmatic experience
acquired by other countries in carrying out similar activities. The
information gathered in the 1990s by means of questionnaires conducted in
low and high-fertility regions was analyzed to highlight the need for
implementing the program in rural population and to assess the prospects of
the program-related efforts pertaining to a change in reproductive behavior.
The summary experience gained in implementing family planning programs in
other countries, and concretization of different elements of the activities
undertaken was observed from the point of view of the need to operationalize
family planning programs in Serbia.
Scientific basis for examining current rural situation and rural settlements as potential centers of development in Serbia
Authors: Stamenkovic Srboljub
Published: May 2019

Besides Spatial Plan of Serbia, the fundamental social prerequisite to the
constitution of a rational network of villages of different centrality
(functional and hierarchic level) is the elaboration of a strategy of rural
development of Serbia. This ought to define the main long-term targets of
rural development, prerequisites and conditions for their realization, the
role of villages and rural economy in economic and general social
development, as well as the long-term expectations with regard to the
development of villages and transformation of traditional peasantry into a
modern, market-oriented type, etc. From that point of view, the above
scientific basis for examining the current rural situation, primarily its
spatial-demographic and functional aspects, and rural development - so far
and in future, within the context of selecting rural centers to constitute
centers of potential development of smaller groups of settlements and
territories, which practically means of Serbia as a whole with its network
of hierarchically structured settlements - urban and rural, in which certain
rural settlements function as bearers, initiators and regulators of
development and positive transformation of economic and geographical
environment. This type of scientific research has become the main
development issue in the light of evident shortage of new, systematized and
accurately formulated knowledge about villages, rural development and future
prospects of villages in Serbia. Long years of meticulous research of our
villages have provided a basis for activation and rational utilization of
abundant natural, human (demographic), and material (productive) resources,
which may be put to a multiple use within the context of developing a fully
market-oriented economy. The degree of our success shall depend on the
potentials and general economic interests at all social levels - local,
subregional, regional and state (federal and republican). It shall, however,
primarily depend on the size of social investment in scientific research,
which shall reflect global social needs and particular economic and
political interests. As noted earlier, there are both needs and interests to
develop rural planning as an integral part of spatial planning, which is an
asserted part of the general system of planning in Serbia.