bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into the mechanisms, regulation, and therapeutic implications of extracellular matrix stiffness in cancer
Authors: Zhang Ximo , Al‐Danakh Abdullah , Zhu Xinqing , Feng Dan , Yang Linlin , Wu Haotian , Li Yingying , Wang Shujing , Chen Qiwei , Yang Deyong
Published: August 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for cancer initiation, growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a significant tumor component that serves various functions, including mechanical support, TME regulation, and signal molecule generation. The quantity and cross‐linking status of ECM components are crucial factors in tumor development, as they determine tissue stiffness and the interaction between stiff TME and cancer cells, resulting in aberrant mechanotransduction, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. Therefore, broad knowledge of ECM dysregulation in the TME might aid in developing innovative cancer therapies. This review summarized the available information on major ECM components, their functions, factors that increase and decrease matrix stiffness, and related signaling pathways that interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in TME. Moreover, mechanotransduction alters during tumorogenesis, and current drug therapy based on ECM as targets, as well as future efforts in ECM and cancer, are also discussed.
Beyond the Gut: The intratumoral microbiome's influence on tumorigenesis and treatment response
Authors: Zhang Hao , Fu Li , Leiliang Xinwen , Qu Chunrun , Wu Wantao , Wen Rong , Huang Ning , He Qiuguang , Cheng Quan , Liu Guodong , Cheng Yuan
Published: August 2024

The intratumoral microbiome (TM) refers to the microorganisms in the tumor tissues, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and so on, and is distinct from the gut microbiome and circulating microbiota. TM is strongly associated with tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. This paper highlights the current status of TM. Tract sources, adjacent normal tissue, circulatory system, and concomitant tumor co‐metastasis are the main origin of TM. The advanced techniques in TM analysis are comprehensively summarized. Besides, TM is involved in tumor progression through several mechanisms, including DNA damage, activation of oncogenic signaling pathways (phosphoinositide 3‐kinase [PI3K], signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT], WNT/β‐catenin, and extracellular regulated protein kinases [ERK]), influence of cytokines and induce inflammatory responses, and interaction with the tumor microenvironment (anti‐tumor immunity, pro‐tumor immunity, and microbial‐derived metabolites). Moreover, promising directions of TM in tumor therapy include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, the application of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics, fecal microbiome transplantation, engineered microbiota, phage therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. The inherent challenges of clinical application are also summarized. This review provides a comprehensive landscape for analyzing TM, especially the TM‐related mechanisms and TM‐based treatment in cancer.
DEPDC1B: A novel tumor suppressor gene associated with immune infiltration in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Dandan , Feng Huolun , Zhang Zhixiong , Li Jiaqi , Li Yong , Hou Tieying
Published: August 2024

Background

Recent research indicates a positive correlation between DEP structural domain‐containing 1B (DEPDC1B) and the cell cycle in various tumors. However, the role of DEPDC1B in the infiltration of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remains unexplored.

Methods

We analyzed the differential expression and prognostic significance of DEPDC1B in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) using the R package “limma” and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) website. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to investigate the functions and interactions of DEPDC1B expression in COAD. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assays and colony formation assays were utilized to assess the proliferative function of DEPDC1B. Correlations between DEPDC1B expression and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoints, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status were examined using Spearman correlation analysis and CIBERSORT.

Results

DEPDC1B was highly expressed in COAD. Elevated DEPDC1B expression was associated with lower epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TNM stages, leading to a favorable prognosis. DEPDC1B mRNA was prominently expressed in COAD cell lines. CCK‐8 and colony formation assays demonstrated that DEPDC1B inhibited the proliferation of COAD cells. Analysis using the CIBERSORT database and Spearman correlation revealed that DEPDC1B correlated with four types of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, high DEPDC1B expression was linked to the expression of PD‐L1, CTLA4, SIGLEC15, PD‐L2, TMB, and MSI‐H. High DEPDC1B expression also indicated responsiveness to anti‐PD‐L1 immunotherapy.

Conclusions

DEPDC1B inhibits the proliferation of COAD cells and positively regulates the cell cycle, showing a positive correlation with CCNB1 and PBK expression. DEPDC1B expression in COAD is associated with tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoints, TMB, and MSI‐H in the tumor immune microenvironment. This suggests that DEPDC1B may serve as a novel prognostic marker and a potential target for immunotherapy in COAD.
Leaving the parental home, cohabitation, and marriage after a hematologic malignancy in childhood—A register‐based cohort study from the SALiCCS research program
Authors: Korhonen Liisa , Mogensen Hanna , Erdmann Friederike , Feychting Maria , Frederiksen Line Elmerdahl , Hirvonen Elli , Krøyer Anja , Kyrönlahti Anniina , Malila Nea , Pedersen Camilla , Pitkäniemi Janne , Talbäck Mats , Taskinen Mervi , Winther Jeanette Falck , Madanat‐Harjuoja Laura
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Transitioning to adulthood often involves achieving independence from the parental home. We assessed whether the likelihood of leaving the parental home, cohabitation, and marriage was similar between patients who experienced a hematologic malignancy at a young age and their peers.

Methods

We identified 11,575 patients diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy under the age of 20 years between 1971 and 2011 in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, 57,727 country‐, age‐, and sex‐matched population comparisons and 11,803 sibling comparisons and obtained annual information on family and marital status by linking to the statistical institute databases. Hazard ratios (HR) for leaving the parental home, cohabitation and marriage were estimated using Cox proportional hazards modeling.

Results

Young adults with a history of a hematologic malignancy were slightly less likely to leave the parental home (HR 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86–0.92; HR 0.87 [95% CI 0.82–0.92]), cohabit with a nonmarital partner (HR 0.83 [95%CI 0.78–0.87]; HR 0.84 [95% CI 0.77–0.92]) and be married (HR 0.87 [95% CI 0.82–0.91]; HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.79–0.93]), compared with population comparisons and siblings, respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings provide reassurance that young adults with a history of a hematologic malignancy show only a slight decrease in their likelihood of gaining independence from their childhood family and forming close interpersonal relationships compared to peers. While most patients are coping well in the long term, integrating structured psychosocial support into long‐term follow‐up is recommended to facilitate a timely and adequate transition into adulthood.
In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Leishmanicidal and Trypanocidal Activities of Lignan Methylpiperitol Isolated from Persea Fulva
Authors: Alves Reis Isabella Mary , da Silva Girliane Regina , de Mattos Oliveira Larissa , Coelho dos Santos Junior Manoelito , Sarmento da Silva Tania Maria , Curcino Vieira Ivo José , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , Romanelli Maiara Maria , Amaral Maiara , Tempone Andre Gustavo , Ghilardi Lago João Henrique , Branco Alexsandro
Published: August 2024

Neglected Tropical Diseases are a significant concern as they encompass various infections caused by pathogens prevalent in tropical regions. The limited and often highly toxic treatment options for these diseases necessitate the exploration of new therapeutic candidates. In the present study, the lignan methylpiperitol was isolated after several chromatographic steps from Persea fulva L. E. Koop (Lauraceae) and its leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities were evaluated using in vitro and in silico approaches. The chemical structure of methylpiperitol was defined by NMR and MS spectral data analysis. The antiprotozoal activity of methylpiperitol was determined in vitro and indicated potency against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (EC50 of 4.5±1.1 mM) and amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum (EC50 of 4.1±0.5 mM), with no mammalian cytotoxicity against NCTC cells (CC50>200 mM). Molecular docking studies were conducted using six T. cruzi and four Leishmania. The results indicate that for the molecular target hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase in T. cruzi and piteridine reductase 1 of L. infatum, the methylpiperitol obtained better results than the crystallographic ligand. Therefore, the lignan methylpiperitol, isolated from P. fulva holds potential for the development of new prototypes for the treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases, especially leishmaniasis.
Suture closure AFtEr large bore vein access (SAFE‐VEIN): A randomized, prospective study of the efficacy and safety of venous closure device
Authors: Ali Mahmoud , Masood Faisal , Erickson Lynn , Adefisoye James , Kanani Jim , Walczak Sara , Ajam Tarek , Kieu Andy , Premjee Mohammed , Jan M. Fuad , Allaqaband Suhail Q. , Bajwa Tanvir , Khitha Jayant , Zilinski Jodi , Jahangir Arshad , Djelmami‐Hani Mohamed , Sra Jasbir , Niazi Imran , Mortada M. Eyman
Published: August 2024

Background

Perclose ProGlide (PPG) Suture‐Mediated Closure System™ is safe and can reduce time to hemostasis following procedures requiring arterial access.

Aims

We aimed to compare PPG to figure of 8 suture in patients who underwent interventional catheter procedures requiring large bore venous access (LBVA) (≥13 French).

Methods

In this physician‐initiated, randomized, single‐center study [clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT04632641], single‐stick venous access was obtained under ultrasound guidance. Eligible patients were randomized 1:1, and 100 subjects received allocated treatment to either PPG (n = 47) or figure of 8 suture (n = 53). No femoral arterial access was used in any patient. Primary outcomes were time to achieve hemostasis (TTH) and time to ambulation (TTA). Secondary outcomes were time to discharge (TTD) and vascular‐related complications and mortality. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to compare TTH, TTA, and TTD.

Results

TTH (minutes) was significantly lower in PPG versus figure of 8 suture [median, (Q1, Q3)] [7 (2,10) vs. 11 (10,15) respectively, p < 0.001]. TTA (minutes) was significantly lower in PPG compared to figure of 8 suture [322 (246,452) vs. 403 (353, 633) respectively, p = 0.005]. TTD (minutes) was not significantly different between the PPG and figure of 8 suture arms [1257 (1081, 1544) vs. 1338 (1171,1435), p = 0.650]. There was no difference in minor bleeding or access site hematomas between both arms. No other vascular complications or mortality were reported.

Conclusion

PPG use had lower TTH and TTA than figure of 8 suture in a population of patients receiving LBVA procedures. This may encourage same‐day discharge in these patients.
N‐Halosuccinimide‐CeCl3 Transient Charge‐Transfer Complexes as Semi Heterogeneous Photocatalyst in Cyclization of N‐Propargylamides
Authors: Sahoo Sathi , Dinda Tarun Kumar , Mal Prasenjit
Published: August 2024

In this work, we used photoinert anhydrous cerium(III) chloride, to form a transient charge‐transfer (CT) complex with NXS (N‐bromosuccinimide or NBS and N‐iodosuccinimide or NIS) in acetonitrile. These transient CT complexes acted as a semi‐heterogeneous photocatalyst. These complexes allowed the Ce(III) ions to absorb light, turning them into strong electron donors that transferred electrons to NXS. This created halide radicals from NXS radical anions, helping to turn N‐propargylamides into oxazole aldehydes. Experiments with DMPO and spin‐trapping showed that a radical‐based mechanism followed a single electron transfer (SET) pathway. Notably, CeCl3 was reused after the reaction without much decomposition, as it was regenerated and separated through simple filtration.
Highly Active Immobilized Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization: Neutral Single Site Y(III) Complex Bearing Bulky Silylallyl Ligand
Authors: Chiari Vittoria , Rouge Pascal , Taam Manel , Dugas Pierre‐Yves , Pannier Gaëlle , Boyron Olivier , Szeto Kai C. , de Mallmann Aimery , Boisson Christophe , Taoufik Mostafa
Published: August 2024

Exploring the surface organometallic chemistry on silica of highly electrophilic yttrium complexes is a relatively uncommon endeavor, particularly when focusing on tris‐alkyl complexes characterized by Y−C σ‐alkyl bonds. A drawback with this class of complexes once grafted on silica, is the frequent occurrence of alkyl transfer by ring opening of siloxane groups, resulting in a mixture of species. Herein, we employed a more stable homoleptic yttrium allyl complex bearing bulky η3‐1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyl)allyl ligand to limit this transfer reaction. This strategy has been validated by comparing the reactivity between [Y{ η3‐1,3‐C3H3(SiMe3)2}3] and [Y(o‐CH2PhNMe2)3] with SiO2–700, where the undesired alkyl transfer reaction occurred for [Y(o‐CH2PhNMe2)3] leading to a bipodal [(≡SiO)2Y(o‐CH2PhNMe2)] as major surface species, 2, while [Y{ η 3‐1,3‐C3H3(SiMe3)2}3] resulted selectively in a monopodal species, [(≡SiO)Y{η3‐1,3‐C3H3(SiMe3)2}2], 1. The materials obtained were characterized by DRIFT, solid state NMR, mass balance analysis and EXAFS. Catalyst 1 showed high activity compared to 2 in ethylene polymerization. The catalytic performance of this neutral catalyst 1 was extended to pre‐industrial scale in the presence of hydrogen and 1‐hexene. An unprecedented activity, up to 7400 gPE gcat−1 h−1 was obtained even with very low concentration of scavenger AliBu3 (TIBA/Y=1.2). The obtained HDPE exhibited desired spherical particle morphology with broad molar mass distribution.
Xylose Incorporated in Unsymmetrical Gold(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Pascual Laura M. H. , Colin Marius , Mohamadou Aminou , Kowandy Christelle , Plantier‐Royon Richard , Gatard Sylvain
Published: August 2024

A series of Au(I) complexes containing unsymmetrical N‐heterocyclic carbene (imidazolylidene and benzimidazolylidene) functionalized with a xyloside group and an alkyl moiety (methyl and mesityl) was prepared using efficient procedures from D‐xylose. Their characterization was carried out in solution by multinuclear NMR, HR‐MS spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry, as well as in the solid state by means of single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis for two of them. Evaluation of their ability to inhibit bacterial growth showed a preference for a Gram‐positive strain, Staphylococcus aureus, over a Gram‐negative strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Synthetic Benzylic Diselenides and Disulfides: Potential Anticancer Activities via Modulation of the ROS‐Dependent Akt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Barman Pallavi , Misra Roopjyoti , Pal Nikita , Sarkar Shilpi , Bhabak Krishna P.
Published: August 2024

The natural and synthetic organodiselenides have garnered much research attention due to their chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive activities. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a series of benzylic diselenides, which were synthesized by coupling the in situ generated disodium diselenide with the corresponding benzylic halides. The diselenides were evaluated for their anticancer activities in the highly aggressive triple‐negative breast cancer cells. Preliminary anti‐proliferative activities indicated 4‐cyano‐substituted diselenide 7 to be most potent with an IC50 value of 1.9±0.3 μM. Detailed mechanistic investigations showed that diselenide 7 induces apoptosis and causes G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle. It exhibits anticancer activity by suppressing the Akt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Further control experiments with LiCl (inhibitor of GSK‐3β) revealed that down‐regulation of β‐catenin was promoted by GSK‐3β‐induced phosphorylation of β‐catenin and its subsequent proteasomal degradation. Moreover, the intracellular ROS was found to act as an upstream mediator for the inactivation of the Akt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. The present study describing the efficient anticancer activity of a synthetic benzylic diselenide towards triple‐negative breast cancer cells through the modulation of ROS‐dependent Akt/β‐catenin signaling pathway would certainly be helpful in the future towards the development of small‐molecule organoselenium compounds for the treatment of cancer.
Design, Development of Pyrazole‐Linked Spirocyclopropyl Oxindole‐Carboxamides as Potential Cytotoxic Agents and Type III Allosteric VEGFR‐2 Inhibitors
Authors: Valapil Durgesh Gurukkala , Devabattula Geetanjali , Sakla Akash P. , Godugu Chandraiah , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: August 2024

Tumor progression depends on angiogenesis, which is stimulated by growth factors like VEGF, targeting VEGFR kinase with small molecules is an effective anti‐angiogenic therapeutic approach. The rational modification of sunitinib (VEGFR‐2 inhibitor) to spirocyclopropyloxindoline carboxamides have been performed and their in vitro cytotoxic profiling was evaluated. The molecular modelling studies enabled the screening of designed analogues and identifying the possible interactions within the type III allosteric inhibitor binding site of VEGFR‐2. The biological screening of synthesized compounds 15 a–y, revealed the ability of compound 15 w to inhibit the cell growth in MCF‐7 cell line with IC50 value of 3.87±0.19 μM and alongside inhibition of VEGFR‐2 kinase at a IC50 concentration of 4.34±0.13 μM was observed. Also, VEGFR‐2 inhibition was validated through HUVEC tube formation inhibition assay. The qualitative assessment of apoptosis induction by 15 w in MCF‐7 cells was evaluated through staining studies such as AO/EB and DAPI staining, whereas quantification of apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were performed through FACS analysis. The metastatic ability of the cancer cells was evaluated through inhibition of cell migration by a scratch wound healing assay. The current study strives to sequentially optimize the structural attributes of the 3‐alkenyl oxindole core to surpass the existing challenges of well‐known VEGFR‐2 inhibitors. The findings observed from this study highlights that compound 15 w to be a prominent lead towards the development of clinical drug candidates.
An Ultra‐Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Nitrite Based on Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Using Colocasia Esculenta Extract
Authors: Saha Protity , Aziz Md. Abdul , Islam Md. Mominul , Saleh Ahammad A. J.
Published: August 2024

Seeking to establish a novel, eco‐friendly and ultra‐ sensitive electrochemical nitrite sensor, we have fabricated fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode with green synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from gold salt and taro plant (Colocasia esculenta) extract (Taro_AuNPs/FTO). Different morphological and elemental analysis were conducted to undermine morphological condition and shapes of AuNPs. Further, electrochemical studies were performed for enabling observation on the modification as well as interaction between nitrite ion and AuNPs on the modified FTO. Furthermore, the performance of Taro_AuNPs/FTO sensor was evaluated using DPV technique and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.923 nmol L−1 (S/N=3) having sensitivity of 0.00503 μA mM−1 cm−2 within 5–500 μmol L−1. Additionally, an insightful mechanistic overview was highlighted about interacting nitrite on the modified electrode surface. Finally, interference test, stability, reproducibility and real sample analysis were conducted to establish the effectiveness of Taro_AuNPs/FTO electrochemical senor for environmental application.
The impact of competition on environmental and social performance in the MENA banking sector
Authors: Maside‐Sanfiz José Manuel , Iglesias‐Casal Ana , Mazahreh Qusay Ayman Sulayman , López‐Penabad Mª. Celia
Published: August 2024

The study analyzes the impact of competition on environmental and social performance. Based on data collected from 82 banks in the banking industry across nine emerging Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries from 2015 to 2021, the results indicate that heightened competitive pressure compels banks to enhance their efforts in environmental and social initiatives. Additionally, a positive correlation is observed between greater Board gender diversity (BGD) and improved environmental and social performance. Finally, the results indicate that the negative impact of market power on environmental and social performance is less pronounced in banks with higher BGD, those operating in countries with a better institutional environment, and in state‐owned banks. In contrast, the negative impact is more pronounced in Islamic banks. Our research findings provide insights into the current discourse on strategic decision‐making in the context of sustainability, shedding light on the benefits associated with competition and gender diversity.
Surface State Modulation via Electrochemical Heterogeneous Redox Reactions for Full‐Color Emission Carbon Dots
Authors: Li Jinli , Sun Chengxiang , Li Qiang , Xu Xiran , Li Baolin , Tian Yijia , Zheng Dianyuan , Yao Rongbin , Yuan Kang , Guo Ziyang
Published: August 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) still suffer from unclear surface state fluorescence mechanism for fine modulation. Here, redox reactions for cathode and anode within electrochemical method are firstly employed to construct differentiated strategy for surface‐state modulation, so as to obtain CDs with controllable emission in separated electrodes simultaneously. The fluorescence peaks of CDs from blue to red centered at 425 nm (mCDs−), 530 nm (mCDs+), 580 nm (oCDs−) and 665 nm (oCDs+) are mainly originated from the different bombardment effects of the ions and reaction tendencies of modifier during the electrolysis process. The phenylenediamine (as modifier) tends to introduce the amino groups on the surface of CDs‐ while introduced nitrogen atoms into the carbon nucleus skeleton around the anode, thus leading to much larger size and the formation of the graphite N for CDs+. It is the different surface states formed by phenylenediamine and the absorption redshift triggered by graphite N that ensures the tunable emission. The improved electrochemical method is of great significance for finely spectra modulation and efficient synthesis.
Transcription factor Meis1b regulates craniofacial morphogenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Psutkova Viktorie , Nickl Petr , Brezinova Veronika , Machonova Olga , Machon Ondrej
Published: August 2024

Background

Meis family of transcription factors operates in Pbx‐Meis‐Hox regulatory network controlling development of various tissues including eye, limbs, heart, hindbrain or craniofacial skeletal elements originating from the neural crest. Although studies in mouse provide abundant information about Meis factors function in embryogenesis, little is known about their role in zebrafish.

Results

We generated zebrafish lines carrying null mutations in meis1a, meis1b, meis2a, and meis2b genes. Only meis1b mutants are lethal at larval stage around 13 dpf whereas the other mutant lines are viable and fertile. We focused on development of neural crest‐derived craniofacial structures such as tendons, cranial nerves, cartilage and accompanying muscles. Meis1b mutants displayed morphogenetic abnormalities in the cartilage originating from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Meckel's cartilage was shorter and wider with fused anterior symphysis and abnormal chondrocyte organization. This resulted in impaired tendons and muscle fiber connections while tenocyte development was not largely affected.

Conclusions

Loss‐of‐function mutation in meis1b affects cartilage morphology in the lower jaw that leads to disrupted organization of muscles and tendons.
Aziridination Exploited: A Mechanistic Study of the Divergent Reactivity of Trifluoropropenyl‐iodonium Reagent toward N‐nucleophiles
Authors: Fehér Péter Pál , Béke Ferenc , Csenki János T. , Novák Zoltán , Stirling András
Published: August 2024

In this study, we use computations and experiments to explore mechanistic scenarios that govern the reaction between secondary amines and trifluoropropenyl iodonium triflate with the aim of rationalizing and predicting experimental outcomes. Based on the results from theory, we have compiled a list of guidelines relevant to synthetic strategies and provide examples for the interpretation of selectivities. To demonstrate the viability of these strategies, we have performed directed experiments applying different reaction conditions to obtain the products predicted by our model. Additionally, qualitative microkinetic simulations based on our computations were carried out for further support.
Graphite–Si@TiO2 Core–Shell Nanoparticles as Composite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries: Postcycling Analysis
Authors: Vats Bhavya Nidhi , Gupta Raghvendra , Gupta Amit , Fatima Shahab , Kumar Deepak
Published: August 2024

The present work deals with the postcycling analysis of the graphite‐based composite anodes, graphite reinforced with bare silicon nanoparticles (GrSi), and Si@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles (GrCS), for lithium‐ion batteries. The electrochemical behavior is recorded through galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The postcyclic analysis is done using material and structural characterization. The GrSi anode demonstrates a higher initial specific capacity but lower cyclic stability relative to the GrCS anode. The capacity retention for the GrSi anode is ≈57%, while for the GrCS anode it is ≈75%. After cycling, the EIS analysis indicates that GrSi anode exhibits higher resistance than GrCS anodes. The cross‐sectional appearance of cycled anodes reveals minimal changes in the surface morphology of the GrCS anode, with a ≈75% thickness increase for the GrSi anode and ≈35% for the GrCS anode. The changed electrochemical behavior is attributed to the change in the composition of the solid–electrolyte interphase layer, as confirmed by X‐ray photo spectroscopy, and minor loss in crystallinity of GrCS anode material, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The study provides insights into the mechanisms governing material degradation during the electrochemical processes in the composite anodes.
Inter‐ and intra‐subject similarity in network functional connectivity across a full narrative movie
Authors: Mochalski Lisa N. , Friedrich Patrick , Li Xuan , Kröll Jean‐Philippe , Eickhoff Simon B. , Weis Susanne
Published: August 2024

Naturalistic paradigms, such as watching movies during functional magnetic resonance imaging, are thought to prompt the emotional and cognitive processes typically elicited in real life situations. Therefore, naturalistic viewing (NV) holds great potential for studying individual differences. Previous studies have primarily focused on using shorter movie clips, geared toward eliciting specific and often isolated emotions, while the potential behind using full narratives depicted in commercial movies as a proxy for real‐life experiences has barely been explored. Here, we offer preliminary evidence that a full narrative movie (FNM), that is, a movie covering a complete narrative arc, can capture complex socio‐affective dynamics and their links to individual differences. Using the studyforrest dataset, we investigated inter‐ and intra‐subject similarity in network functional connectivity (NFC) of 14 meta‐analytically defined networks across a full narrative, audio‐visual movie split into eight consecutive movie segments. We characterized the movie segments by valence and arousal portrayed within the sequences, before utilizing a linear mixed model to analyze which factors explain inter‐ and intra‐subject similarity. Our results show that the model best explaining inter‐subject similarity comprised network, movie segment, valence and a movie segment by valence interaction. Intra‐subject similarity was influenced significantly by the same factors and an additional three‐way interaction between movie segment, valence and arousal. Overall, inter‐ and intra‐subject similarity in NFC were sensitive to the ongoing narrative and emotions in the movie. We conclude that FNMs offer complex content and dynamics that might be particularly valuable for studying individual differences. Further characterization of movie features, such as the overarching narratives, that enhance individual differences is needed for advancing the potential of NV research.
A call for action to stop sexual violence against women in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A brief report
Authors: Nyakio Olivier , Mukwege Denis , Balagizi Fabien , Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Banga Styves , Onesime Jones , Bhattacharjee Priyadarshini , Elembwe Hardy , Cakwira Hugues , Kihanduka Elie , Amiri Afissa , Rugendabanga Excellent , Hangi Samson , Makungu Chloe , Akilimali Aymar
Published: August 2024

Synopsis

Sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo is also described as a weapon of war.
Recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Levy Ariel T. , Weingarten Sarah J. , Robinson Keely , Suner Talia , McLaren Rodney A. , Saad Antonio , Al‐Kouatly Huda B.
Published: August 2024

Background

Treatment options for severe, refractory iron deficiency anemia are limited in pregnancy.

Objective

To review the available literature on the use of recombinant erythropoietin in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.

Search Strategy

An electronic search of seven databases from inception to March 2022 was performed using a combination of keywords.

Selection Criteria

We included all randomized controlled or observational studies of pregnant patients with iron deficiency anemia who received recombinant erythropoietin or control. The primary outcome was a change in hematologic parameters (hemoglobin or hematocrit) after treatment. Studies were appraised using the criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

Data Collection and Analysis

Data were summarized using narrative synthesis and descriptive statistics as appropriate. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022313328.

Main Results

Of 234 studies screened, five studies met the inclusion criteria and had sufficient data for analysis (n = 103 recombinant erythropoietin and n = 104 controls). All patients in the intervention group received iron supplementation (intravenous or oral) in addition to recombinant erythropoietin. All patients in the control group received iron supplementation (intravenous or oral) alone. As the result of variance between studies in inclusion criteria, the timing of repeat blood draws, and data reporting, a meta‐analysis could not be performed. Three studies found that serial recombinant erythropoietin combined with iron supplementation was more effective at raising hematologic laboratory parameters (hemoglobin or hematocrit) than iron alone. One study reported no difference in hemoglobin or hematocrit levels between groups at day 28. However, patients in this study only received one dose of recombinant erythropoietin, whereas those in the other studies received serial doses. Another study also found no difference in hemoglobin levels by day 28, but patients in the recombinant erythropoietin group had lower hemoglobin levels at baseline and a more rapid rise in hemoglobin than iron alone. This is demonstrated by a more significant rise in hemoglobin at day 11 in the recombinant erythropoietin group than in the control group.

Conclusions

Serial recombinant erythropoietin administration and iron supplementation may be more effective at treating refractory iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy than iron supplementation alone.
Pregnancy after advanced ovarian cancer with spontaneous uterine rupture in second trimester: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lukac Stefan , Wenzel Robin , Schochter Fabienne , Friebe‐Hoffmann Ulrike , Hüner Beate , Janni Wolfgang
Published: August 2024

Fertility‐preserving surgery (FPS) in advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) is extremely rare and consequently, information about the pregnancies of these patients is anecdotal. Therefore, management of the pregnancy after AOC is challenging, especially if an unexpected situation arises. A 31‐year‐old nulliparous woman was admitted to our tertiary hospital in the 18th week of twin pregnancy with sudden severe abdominal pain. Her medical history included a low‐grade AOC stage IIIc diagnosed 2 years before pregnancy and treated by debulking FPS and systemic therapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel and bevacizumab. Clinical examination described normal vital signs and peritoneal irritation without any vaginal discharge. Sonography revealed free fluid in the pouch of Douglas and intact twin pregnancy. Laboratory work showed elevated leukocytes with neutrophilia. To evaluate appendicitis magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen was indicated. This revealed a uterine rupture with the now extra‐cavitary position of the twins. Simultaneously, the patient's symptoms deteriorated, and emergency surgery was necessary where hemoperitoneum with avital fetuses were present. Despite excessive blood loss the uterus could be repaired and preserved. Previous resection of the uterine serosa during her debulking FPS, administration of bevacizumab affecting smooth muscles, and overstretching the uterus in the twin pregnancy were considered as possible risk factors for the presenting uterine rupture. Pregnancy after AOC is possible but should be monitored closely, especially due to the hidden long‐term consequences of its therapy. In the differential diagnosis of sudden abdominal pain during pregnancy uterine rupture should be considered even in patients with an unscared uterus.
Application of advanced biosensors in nervous system diseases
Authors: Meng Zexuan , Zhang Yuchan , Yang Lu , Yuan Feng , Wang Jian , Chen Jiajia , Liu Jun , Wang Guixue , Zang Guangchao
Published: August 2024

Nervous system diseases are among the most common diseases globally, posing a severe threat to patients' quality of life and placing a considerable burden on families and society. With improvements in miniaturization, intelligence, and the safety of biosensors, the combination of machinery and organisms is becoming increasingly common. In neuroscience research, biosensors of different macroscopic dimensions have been uniquely utilized to harness their relevant properties. One‐dimensional (1D) biosensors can achieve in situ real‐time monitoring of neural markers at the subcellular, single‐cell, ex vivo, and in vivo levels, with reduced impacts on organisms. Two‐dimensional (2D) biosensors can monitor the chemical behavior of cells and the neural activity of living animals. They are helpful for objectively identifying the characteristics of cells in response to external stimuli and studying the neural circuits of living animals. Three‐dimensional (3D) biosensors have shown unique advantages in point‐of‐care testing, liquid biopsy, drug screening, and mechanistic research. In clinical practice, brain‐computer interfaces (BCIs) and wearable devices have become important tools for monitoring and treatment. To date, there has been widespread adoption of BCIs in clinical practice. BCIs not only exhibit good efficacy in severe neurological and mental diseases but also provide a method for early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Wearable sensor devices can accurately assess the symptoms of movement disorders and play an active role in rehabilitation and treatment. In this review, we summarize the application of advanced biosensors in neuroscience research and clinical practice. The challenges and prospects of biosensors as applied to nervous system diseases under interdisciplinary promotion are also discussed in depth.
Influence of Dapagliflozin Dosing on Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Martha Srinivas , Jangam Preethi Hepzibah , Bhansali Suraj G.
Published: August 2024

A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of dapagliflozin on low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data on changes in LDL cholesterol, adverse cardiac events (ACEs), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were pooled in a meta‐analysis. Data from dose comparison trials were separately pooled, and meta‐analysis was conducted by using RevMan (5.4.1) and R (4.1.2). Dapagliflozin increased LDL cholesterol by 2.33 mg/dL (95% CI, 1.46 to 3.19; I2 = 0%; P < .00001), increased risk of ACEs by 1.56 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.39; I2 = 0%; P < .04), decreased HbA1c by −0.41% (95% CI, −0.44 to −0.39; I2 = 85%; P < .00001), and decreased FBG by −13.51 mg/dL (95% CI, −14.43 to −12.59; I2 = 92%; P < .00001) versus any placebo or active comparator. Dapagliflozin 10 mg monotherapy increased LDL cholesterol by 1.71 mg/dL (95% CI, −1.20 to 4.62; I2 = 53%; P = .25) versus a 5 mg dose and by 1.04 mg/dL (95% CI, −1.17 to 3.26; I2 = 62%; P = .36) versus a 2.5 mg dose. Dapagliflozin 10 mg monotherapy increased LDL cholesterol by 3.13 mg/dL (95% CI, 1.31 to 4.95; I2 = 0%; P = .0008), increased the risk of ACEs by 1.26 (95% CI, 0.56 to 2.87; I2 = 0%; P = .58), decreased HbA1c by −0.4% (95% CI, −0.45 to −0.35; I2 = 89%; P < .00001), and decreased FBG by −8.39 mg/dL (95% CI, −10 to −6.77; I2 = 96%; P < .00001) versus a placebo or active comparator. Dapagliflozin monotherapy resulted in a minimal but statistically significantly (P = .0002) increase in LDL cholesterol. However, this minor change does not increase the risk of ACEs (P = .17) when compared with placebo or active comparator.
A phase 1b/2 study evaluating efficacy and safety of MP0250, a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) simultaneously targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Knop Stefan , Szarejko Monika , Grząśko Norbert , Bringhen Sara , Trautmann‐Grill Karolin , Jurczyszyn Artur , Vacca Angelo , Khandanpour Cyrus , Gamberi Barbara , Pour Ludek , Iversen Katrine F. , Stumpp Michael T. , Suter Cosima , Dawson Keith M. , Zitt Christof , Legenne Philippe , Stavropoulou Vaia , Fey Martin F. , Leupin Nicolas , Goldschmidt Hartmut
Published: August 2024

MP0250 is a designed ankyrin repeat protein that specifically inhibits both vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), aiming at potentiating cancer therapy by disrupting the tumour microenvironment. Encouraging results from a phase 1 trial of MP0250 in patients with solid tumours prompted further investigation in multiple myeloma (MM) as both MP0250 targets are reported to be drivers of MM pathogenesis.

In this open‐label, single‐arm phase 1b/2 study (NCT03136653) in patients with proteasome inhibitor‐ and/or immunomodulatory drug‐relapsed or refractory MM, MP0250 was administered every 3 weeks with standard bortezomib/dexamethasone regimen.

Thirty‐three patients received at least one dose of MP0250. The most frequent treatment‐related adverse events were arterial hypertension (58.1%), thrombocytopenia (32.3%), proteinuria (29.0%) and peripheral oedema (19.4%). Of the 28 patients evaluable for response (median age: 60 [range 44–75]), nine achieved at least partial response, corresponding to an overall response rate of 32.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.9%, 50.7%), with a median duration of response of 8 months (95% CI 5–NR). An additional three patients achieved minimal response and nine stable diseases as the best overall response. Overall median progression‐free survival was 4.2 months (95% CI 1.9–7.1).

These findings are in line with the results of recent trials testing new agents on comparable patient cohorts and provide initial evidence of clinical benefit for patients with refractory/relapsed MM treated with MP0250 in combination with bortezomib/dexamethasone. Further clinical evaluation in the emerging MM treatment landscape would be required to confirm the clinical potential of MP0250.
When development cooperation principles clash: Country ownership and LGBTQI+ inclusion in hostile environments
Authors: Brown Stephen
Published: August 2024

In some instances, two basic development cooperation principles appear to be in direct contradiction: on the one hand, the Sustainable Development Goals prescribe universal social inclusion under the leitmotif of “leave no one behind”, mandating an emphasis on the most marginalized. On the other hand, the cornerstone of development cooperation is “ownership”, which recognizes that countries must be free to choose their own priorities and strategies. To what extent can these two principles be reconciled in “hostile environments”, places where certain groups, such as LGBTQI+ people, are marginalized and even persecuted and criminalized? I argue that, while the SDGs are clear about the need for radical inclusion, the ownership principle lacks precision about who “owns” the concept. Adopting an emancipatory conceptualization of ownership, under which the ultimate beneficiaries should be the ones to determine priorities and strategies, eliminates the apparent contradiction and legitimizes support to marginalized groups even if their own governments disagree.
From adverse childhood experiences to adulthood job satisfaction: Mediating roles of posttraumatic beliefs and self‐evaluation
Authors: Kim Jaeyoung , Kim Isak , Zhou Kaiqi , Ji Wongeun
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and job satisfaction in adulthood, mediated by posttraumatic beliefs and core self‐evaluation (CSE). Based on the literature, we hypothesized that posttraumatic beliefs, potentially developed following ACEs, would have negative effects on individuals’ CSE and job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling of survey data from 384 employees with at least one ACE revealed that posttraumatic beliefs fully mediated the effect of ACEs on both job satisfaction and CSE. Furthermore, CSE was a partial mediator between posttraumatic beliefs and job satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of adopting trauma‐informed approaches in employment counseling.
Progress in culture technology and active substance research on Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing
Authors: Li Fengcheng , Liu Runze , Qin Song , Deng Zhongyang , Li Wenjun
Published: August 2024

Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing is a freshwater edible cyanobacterium that is rich in active substances such as polysaccharides, proteins and lipids; it has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antitumor and cholesterol‐lowering effects; and is often used as a traditional Chinese medicine with many potential applications in food, cosmetics, medical diagnostics and disease treatment. However, to meet the needs of different fields, such as medicine, there is an urgent need for basic research and technological innovation in culture technology, extraction and preparation of active substances, and the pharmacological mechanism of N. sphaeroides. This paper reviews the pharmacological effects of N. sphaeroides active substances, discusses current culture techniques and methods for extracting active components, and outlines the challenges encountered in cultivating and industrializing N. sphaeroides while discussing future development trends. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigating the physicochemical properties, sensory profile and consumer acceptability of beetroot dark chocolate
Authors: Kongor John Edem , Owusu Margaret , de Pascual‐Teresa Sonia , Álvarez Maria Dolores , Kyei‐Baffour Vincent Owusu , Oduro‐Yeboah Charlotte , Tortoe Charles
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The incorporation of functional food ingredients in chocolate that seek to eliminate, if not completely, most of the added sugar content, as well as the use of alternative chocolate production techniques, have gained popularity in recent years. This study aimed to incorporate red beetroot powder into dark chocolate and investigate the effect of red beetroot powder concentration and processing time in a melanger on the physicochemical properties, sensory profile and consumer acceptability of beetroot dark chocolate.

RESULTS

The addition of red beetroot powder increased the moisture content, particle size distribution and hardness of the chocolates, while the opposite was true for processing time with no effect on the colour. Except for taste, which had an average score of 3.2 ± 1.8 on the 7‐point hedonic scale, consumers scored all the other sensory attributes of the chocolates above 4.0. Among the chocolates with red beetroot powder, samples with a 15% red beetroot powder addition had a high average overall acceptability score of >5, while the 30% sample scored <4.

CONCLUSION

Red beetroot powder can be used to replace sugar in dark chocolate without affecting its physicochemical properties, sensory profile or consumer acceptability. However, the target market should be considered when determining the level of red beetroot powder incorporation in terms of chocolate taste. This research has the potential to improve the overall health‐promoting properties of dark chocolate by eliminating added sugar (partially or completely). It would also help to diversify beetroot utilization, allow small‐scale processors to venture into chocolate production and expand the small‐scale chocolate value chain. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A type of multigrid method for semilinear elliptic problems based on symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Chen Fan , Cui Ming , Zhou Chenguang
Published: August 2024

This article introduces a new kind of multigrid approach for semilinear elliptic problems, which is based on the symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin (SIPDG) method. We first give an optimal error estimate of the SIPDG method for the problem. Then, we design a type of multigrid method, which is called the multilevel correction method, and derive a priori error estimates. The primary idea of this method is to take the solution of the semilinear problem and utilize it to establish a sequence of solutions for associated linear boundary value problem on discontinuous finite element spaces and a newly defined low dimensional augmented subspace. Lastly, numerical experiments are offered to confirm the suggested method's precision and effectiveness.