bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of supply chain coordination and optimization model of fresh food e-commerce platform based on improved bacterial foraging algorithm
Authors: He Juan
Published: October 2022

In order to maximize the overall profit of the supply chain of fresh food e-commerce platform, the supply chain coordination and optimization model of fresh food e-commerce platform based on the improved bacterial foraging algorithm is constructed. The basic model of bacterial foraging algorithm is constructed through chemotaxis, reproduction, elimination & dispersal, and the bacterial foraging algorithm is improved by using four parts: bacterial individual and parameter initialization, chemotaxis behavior, reproduction behavior and migration behavior, so as to realize the coordination and optimization of the supply chain of fresh food e-commerce platform. Use the Internet service platform to promote the electronization of the supply chain transaction process and improve the overall operation efficiency. Through the cooperation among fresh food suppliers, fresh food e-commerce and upstream fresh food suppliers, the supply chain coordination and optimization model of fresh food e-commerce platform is constructed to improve the overall profit of the supply chain. The experimental results show that using the improved bacterial foraging algorithm to solve the supply chain coordination and optimization model of fresh food e-commerce platform has high effectiveness, and can maximize the overall profit of the supply chain of fresh food e-commerce platform.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Adolescents: A School-Based Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mathew Shycil , D'Souza Jenifer , Saldanha Prakash
Published: October 2022

Introduction Globally, the magnitude of overweight and obesity is alarmingly high. In recent years, there are increased opportunities for adolescents to become overweight due to their sedentary lifestyles. Obesity is a chronic, noncommunicable, and lifestyle diseases resulting from energy imbalance. On evidence, overweight and obesity are still preventable as primordial prevention. Thus, knowing the prevalence will help us to plan prevention strategies.

Objectives The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in selected urban high schools at Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada, India.

Materials and Methods A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in adolescents with the age group of 13 to 15 years. Data was collected by using a body mass index screening tool through Google Forms. A total of 1100 adolescents participated in the study.

Results Almost 82.2% of the total adolescents were in the age group of 13 years with a mean age of 13.95 ± 1.02 standard deviation. Most 70% of them were females and 98.1% of adolescents place of stay was at home. Magnitude of overweight and obesity among urban adolescents in this study was 237(21.6%). A significant positive association was found between body mass index with selected demographic variables such as age, family history of overweight and obesity, and screen time more than 2 hours per day among adolescents with a p less than 0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion This study revealed that current magnitude of overweight and obesity among adolescents is growing high. Health promotion activities need to be planned and there is a need to identify the challenges to implement such activities. Irrespective of all the barriers, it is the responsibility of all stakeholders to help adolescents to adopt healthy lifestyle in all aspects to have a healthier nation. A self-reported anthropometric measurement in adolescents can be used to reach out to the target population.
The impacts of carbon pricing on the electricity market in Japan
Authors: Ding Ding
Published: October 2022

To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, Japan should speed up reducing fossil fuel reliance on production, especially for energy-intensive sectors. One way is by implementing a carbon pricing system, converting emissions from fossil fuels to costs of production and consumption. This study focuses on the correlation between the price of wholesale electricity spot market and carbon cost of nine regions in Japan through carbon cost pass-through rate. This paper applies polynomial OLS regression with degree two through machine learning technics to better fit the relationship between electricity price and demand and also applies a generalized additive model to capture the nonlinear relationship between fuel spread and carbon cost and test the robustness of estimated CPTR. The results show that Hokuriku, Kyushu, Shikoku, Tohoku, and Tokyo have a lower value carbon cost pass-through rate while Kansai, Chubu, and Chugoku have a higher rate of carbon cost pass-through. There is a special case in Hokkaido as the negative relationship between electricity price and carbon cost. Those findings are also crucial in supporting future policy adjustments.
Temperature dependence of upper critical fields and coherence lengths for optimally-doped YBa2Cu3O7–δ thin films
Authors: Petrenko E. V. , Omelchenko L. V. , Terekhov A. V. , Kolesnichenko Yu. A. , Rogacki K. , Sergeyev D. M. , Solovjov A. L.
Published: October 2022

We report the comprehensive comparative analysis of the upper critical magnetic fields μHc2(0) obtained within Ginzburg–Landau (GL) and Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg (WHH) theories for optimally-doped YBa2Cu3O7–δ thin films. For different orientations of the magnetic field, our calculations give 638 and 153 T for μHc2(0), H || ab and μHc2(0), H || c, respectively, when using Hc2(0). For the first time, the temperature dependences of coherence lengths ξab(T) and ξc(T) within proposed theories were determined using 50 and 90% criteria of the normal state resistivity value ρN. The GL (0.9ρN) approach gives ξab(0) = 11.8 Å and ξc(0) = 3.0 Å which are in a good agreement with literature data. The implications of very short coherence lengths in HTSCs are discussed.
Transport properties of (AgSbТe2)0.7(PbTe)0.3 thermoelectric compound
Authors: Ragimov S. S. , Musayev M. A. , Hashimova N. N.
Published: October 2022

Transport properties, namely electrical conductivity, Seebeck and Hall coefficients, and thermal conductivity, were measured from 80 to 560 K. The phase transition at about 410 K, representing the phase transition from α-Ag2Te to β-Ag2Te, influences the electrical transport properties. The temperature dependence of Hall coefficient passes through a maximum ∼200 K and has a negative sign. It is shown that these peculiarities are due to the presence of Ag2Te phase.
Mechanical properties of a two-phase high-entropy Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 alloy down to ultralow temperatures
Authors: Tabachnikova E. D. , Hryhorova T. V. , Shumilin S. E. , Kolodiy I. V. , Shapovalov Yu. O. , Semerenko Yu. O. , Smirnov S. N. , Kashuba I. V. , Tikhonovsky M. A. , Zehetbauer M. J. , Schafler E.
Published: October 2022

The mechanical properties comprising the stress-strain characteristics under uniaxial tensile deformation, the acoustic properties from mechanical resonance spectroscopy and—in parallel—the microstructural evolution during deformation of a nonequiatomic high-entropy alloy (HEA) Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 have been studied in a wide temperature range, including ultralow temperatures down to 0.5 K. In the temperature range 300 to 4.2 K, a strong temperature dependence of the tensile strength occurs, hinting at the thermally activated nature of plastic deformation. Within the range of extremely low temperatures (4.2–0.5 K), however, the alloy exhibits anomalies of the yield strength, as well as discontinuous plasticity. Over the whole temperature range, the dynamic Young’s modulus of tensile deformed samples shows a reduction of absolute values compared to those of the undeformed ones, and at temperatures < 30 K a change of the temperature dependence from almost linear to power-law type. At all temperatures down to 0.5 K, the alloy’s plasticity stays as high as 50% as a consequence of a deformation driven martensitic phase transformation from fcc to hcp lattice (TRIP effect). Considering the ultralow deformation temperatures, the tensile strength reaches record values of 1513 MPa at 4.2 K, and still of 1274 MPa at 0.5 K, each being paired with significant strain hardening. These results suggest the HEA Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 as a promising structural material for use in cryogenic environments down to extremely low temperatures.
M-STAR: Magnetism second target advanced reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: Lauter Valeria , Wang Kang , Mewes Tim , Glavic Artur , Toperverg Boris , Ahmadi Mahshid , Assaf Badih , Hu Bin , Li Mingda , Liu Xinyu , Liu Yaohua , Moodera Jagadeesh , Rokhinson Leonid , Singh Deepak , Sun Nian
Published: October 2022

M-STAR is a next generation polarized neutron reflectometer with advanced capabilities. A new focusing guide concept is optimized for samples with dimensions down to a millimeter range. A proposed hybrid pulse-skipping chopper will enable experiments at constant geometry at one incident angle in a broad range of wavevector transfer Q up to 0.3 A−1 for specular, off-specular, and GISANS measurements. M-STAR will empower nanoscience and spintronics studies routinely on small samples (∼2 × 2 mm2) and of atomic-scale thickness using versatile experimental conditions of magnetic and/or electric fields, light, and temperature applied in situ to novel complex device-like nanosystems with multiple buried interfaces. M-STAR will enable improved grazing incidence diffraction measurements, as a surface-sensitive depth-resolved probe of, e.g., the out-of-plane component of atomic magnetic moments in ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and more complex structures as well as in-plane atomic-scale structures inaccessible with contemporary diffractometry and reflectometry. New horizons will be opened by the development of an option to probe near-surface dynamics with inelastic grazing incidence scattering in the time-of-flight mode. These novel options in combination with ideally matched parameters of the second target station will place M-STAR in the world’s leading position for high resolution polarized reflectometry.
Conformal r-matrix-Nijenhuis structures, symplectic-Nijenhuis structures, and ON-structures
Authors: Liu Jiefeng , Zhou Sihan , Yuan Lamei
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we first study infinitesimal deformations of a Lie conformal algebra and a Lie conformal algebra with a module (called an LCMod pair), which lead to the notions of the Nijenhuis operator on the Lie conformal algebra and the Nijenhuis structure on the LCMod pair, respectively. Then, by adding compatibility conditions between Nijenhuis structures and O-operators, we introduce the notion of an ON-structure on an LCMod pair and show that an ON-structure gives rise to a hierarchy of pairwise compatible O-operators. In particular, we show that compatible O-operators on a Lie conformal algebra can be characterized by Nijenhuis operators on Lie conformal algebras. Finally, we introduce the notions of the conformal r-matrix-Nijenhuis structure and symplectic-Nijenhuis structure on Lie conformal algebras and study their relations.
The combination of social reward and punishment is conducive to the cooperation and heterogeneity of social relations
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Xu , Qu Cunquan , Wang Guanghui , Lu Xin
Published: October 2022

Individual behaviors and social relations influence each other. However, understanding the underlying mechanism remains challenging. From social norms controlling human behavior to individual management of interpersonal relationships, rewards and punishments are some of the most commonly used measures. Through simulating the weak prisoner’s dilemma in finite populations, we find that neither a simple reward measure nor a pure punishment mechanism can extensively promote cooperation. Instead, a combination of appropriate punishment and reward mechanisms can promote cooperation’s prosperity regardless of how large or small the temptation to defect is. In addition, the combination spontaneously produces inhomogeneities in social relations and individual influence, which support the continued existence of cooperative behavior. Finally, we further explain how cooperators establish a sustainable existence under the combination by investigating the social relations at different moments in a small system. These results demonstrate that dispensing rewards and punishments impartially in society is essential to social harmony.
Equation of state of tungsten-doped carbon based on QEOS model for laser fusion
Authors: Wang Peng , Ye Qing , Duan Xiaoxi , Yang Weiming , Zhang Chen , Zhang Huan , Sun Liang , Liu Hao , Wang Feng , Wang Zhebin
Published: October 2022

Tungsten-doped diamond is employed as a promising ablator material in high-gain laser fusion target design. Unlike for pure carbon, reports on the equation of state (EOS) of tungsten-doped carbon are limited, particularly in the high-pressure range over Mbar, which is relevant to laser fusion. To complement the radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of laser fusion, we developed the EOS of tungsten-doped carbon by combining the quotidian EOS model and large-scale atomistic simulations, which provide fundamental material parameters. In this manner, the EOS of doped carbon can be efficiently constructed. The influence of tungsten doping on the diamond material parameters and EOS was observed. The application of the developed EOS was shown via typical radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of laser fusion.
Succinyl-CoA-based energy metabolism dysfunction in chronic heart failure
Authors: Takada Shingo , Maekawa Satoshi , Furihata Takaaki , Kakutani Naoya , Setoyama Daiki , Ueda Koji , Nambu Hideo , Hagiwara Hikaru , Handa Haruka , Fumoto Yoshizuki , Hata Soichiro , Masunaga Tomoka , Fukushima Arata , Yokota Takashi , Kang Dongchon , Kinugawa Shintaro , Sabe Hisataka
Published: October 2022

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death and repeated hospitalizations and often involves cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms largely remain elusive. Here, using a mouse model in which myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by coronary artery ligation, we show the metabolic basis of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic HF. Four weeks after ligation, MI mice showed a significant decrease in myocardial succinyl-CoA levels, and this decrease impaired the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity. Heme synthesis and ketolysis, and protein levels of several enzymes consuming succinyl-CoA in these events, were increased in MI mice, while enzymes synthesizing succinyl-CoA from α-ketoglutarate and glutamate were also increased. Furthermore, the ADP-specific subunit of succinyl-CoA synthase was reduced, while its GDP-specific subunit was almost unchanged. Administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid, an intermediate in the pathway from succinyl-CoA to heme synthesis, appreciably restored succinyl-CoA levels and OXPHOS capacity and prevented HF progression in MI mice. Previous reports also suggested the presence of succinyl-CoA metabolism abnormalities in cardiac muscles of HF patients. Our results identified that changes in succinyl-CoA usage in different metabolisms of the mitochondrial energy production system is characteristic to chronic HF, and although similar alterations are known to occur in healthy conditions, such as during strenuous exercise, they may often occur irreversibly in chronic HF leading to a decrease in succinyl-CoA. Consequently, nutritional interventions compensating the succinyl-CoA consumption are expected to be promising strategies to treat HF.
A topological solution to object segmentation and tracking
Authors: Tsao Thomas , Tsao Doris Y.
Published: October 2022

The world is composed of objects, the ground, and the sky. Visual perception of objects requires solving two fundamental challenges: 1) segmenting visual input into discrete units and 2) tracking identities of these units despite appearance changes due to object deformation, changing perspective, and dynamic occlusion. Current computer vision approaches to segmentation and tracking that approach human performance all require learning, raising the question, Can objects be segmented and tracked without learning? Here, we show that the mathematical structure of light rays reflected from environment surfaces yields a natural representation of persistent surfaces, and this surface representation provides a solution to both the segmentation and tracking problems. We describe how to generate this surface representation from continuous visual input and demonstrate that our approach can segment and invariantly track objects in cluttered synthetic video despite severe appearance changes, without requiring learning.
Sequestration of gut pathobionts in intraluminal casts, a mechanism to avoid dysregulated T cell activation by pathobionts
Authors: Sassone-Corsi Martina , Azriel Shalhevet , Simon Ariel , Ramanan Deepshika , Ortiz-Lopez Adriana , Chen Felicia , Yissachar Nissan , Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe
Published: October 2022

T cells that express the transcription factor RORγ, regulatory (Treg), or conventional (Th17) are strongly influenced by intestinal symbionts. In a genetic approach to identify mechanisms underlying this influence, we performed a screen for microbial genes implicated, in germfree mice monocolonized with
Escherichia coli
Nissle. The loss of capsule-synthesis genes impaired clonal expansion and differentiation of intestinal RORγ
+
T cells. Mechanistic exploration revealed that the capsule-less mutants remained able to induce species-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and were highly IgA-coated. They could still trigger myeloid cells, and more effectively damaged epithelial cells in vitro. Unlike wild-type microbes, capsule-less mutants were mostly engulfed in intraluminal casts, large agglomerates composed of myeloid cells extravasated into the gut lumen. We speculate that sequestration in luminal casts of potentially harmful microbes, favored by IgA binding, reduces the immune system’s actual exposure, preserving host–microbe equilibrium. The variable immunostimulation by microbes that has been charted in recent years may not solely be conditioned by triggering molecules or metabolites but also by physical limits to immune system exposure.
Old English V-initial andþa-VS main clauses
Authors: Cichosz Anna
Published: October 2022

This study is a corpus-based constructionist analysis of Old English (OE) constituent order, focusing on verb-initial declaratives andþa-VS main clauses. The main objective of the investigation is to determine the degree of the formal and functional similarity of both patterns in order to establish whether they functioned as two independent constructions (in Construction Grammar terms), with their relation based on functional contrast. The other possibility taken into consideration in the analysis is that the two patterns should rather be treated as variants of the same construction, as suggested in some previous, non-constructionist studies of the topic, which would make it possible to analyse them as allostructions. The study shows that on the general level of the language network, the two clause types are surprisingly different in many respects: their form is less similar than previously assumed, they have drastically different corpus distributions, they show different collocational preferences and perform different discourse functions. Nevertheless, on the lower level of the network, the two constructions show some overlaps in the presentational, narrative and reporting function. At the same time, however, there is a deep functional difference between texts authored by Ælfric and other OE prose records.
Three forms of internal negotiation through the activity of private diary-writing
Authors: Svačinová Iva
Published: October 2022

This paper is focused on the practice of private diary-writing as an act of externalizing internal communication
from the point of view of the theory of argumentation. It is demonstrated that through diary-writing, various forms of internal
negotiation can be implemented. The paper sheds light on three ways internal negotiation is externalized through diary writing:
reflective diary writing, crisis diary writing and self-encouraging diary writing. It is shown that these communicative practices
occur with respect to specific exigencies of a diarist, and with respect to these specific exigencies, they differ in the type of
argumentation that can be submitted in the writings. For the argumentative characterization of these practices, the concept of the
communicative activity type introduced within a pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation is used. It is shown that
distinguished diary-writing practices are differently conventionalized activity types that are preconditioned by implicit norms
governing the conduct of argumentation.
Word association norms in Mexican older adults
Authors: Arias-Trejo Natalia , Bel-Enguix Gemma , Barrón-Martínez Julia B. , Minto-García Aline , Arias-Carrión Oscar , González-González Martha M.
Published: October 2022

Aging involves a variety of cognitive and language changes. Word association norms (WANs), which describe the
first word people say or write after reading or hearing a stimulus word, reflect the organization of semantic knowledge. The aim
of this study was to create a WAN corpus for Mexican older adults, with 114 participants responding to 117 nouns. The results of
eight measures of word-word relationships showed that participants generated an average of 38.14 different response words for each
stimulus word. Of these responses, 41.88% were of high associative strength and 20.70% were idiosyncratic, demonstrating the
uniqueness of responses of older adults. In addition, we compared their responses to a corpus for younger adults (Barrón-Martínez & Arias-Trejo, 2014). A qualitative analysis categorizing the
responses into syntagmatic and paradigmatic types showed that the older group tended to respond with words from a different
grammatical class. Responses of the younger adults were also more cohesive and less varied than those of the older group. This
corpus for older adults is an essential resource for evaluating age-related changes in semantic memory, and it provides a point of
comparison for responses from people with neurodegenerative diseases.
The inflaton that could: primordial black holes and second order gravitational waves from tachyonic instability induced in Higgs-R2inflation
Authors: Cheong Dhong Yeon , Kohri Kazunori , Park Seong Chan
Published: October 2022

The running of the Higgs self coupling may lead to numerous phenomena in early universe cosmology. In this paper we introduce a scenario where the Higgs running induces turns in the trajectory passing a region with tachyonic mass, leading to a temporal tachyonic growth in the curvature power spectrum. This effect induced by the Higgs leaves phenomena in the form of primordial black holes and stochastic gravitational waves, where proposed GW observatories will be able to probe in the near future.
Epidemic dynamics for time-dependent transmission rate based on viral load dynamics: multi infection stage EBCM approach
Authors: Kuga Kazuki
Published: October 2022

Many epidemic modeling studies rely on the common assumption that the disease transmission rate between individuals is constant. However, in reality, transmission rates depend on the time-varying viral load of the infected individual. The time-dependent transmission rate has the potential to affect the spread of an epidemic. In this study, the influenza and SARS-CoV-2 transmission rate profiles were developed based on the viral load of infected individuals and dose-response curves. In addition, a new epidemic model, the multi-infectious stage edge-based compartment model, was proposed to apply the transmission rate profile to epidemic dynamics in both static and temporal networks. It was determined that in terms of the final epidemic size there is no discrepancy between the constant and time-dependent transmission rates in the static network. However, the time at which the infected fraction peaks, and the peak infection fraction are dependent on the transmission rate profile. However, in temporal networks, the final epidemic size for the constant transmission rate is higher than that for the time-dependent transmission rate. In conclusion, the time-dependent transmission rate strongly affects the epidemic dynamics.
Smart Sensing and AI for Physical Therapy in IoT Era
Authors: Postolache O
Published: October 2022

It is well known that medical spending increase with disability status. Per capita spending for people with five or more limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) is nearly five times the amount incurred by those with limitations in only one instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Physical therapy is the way to improve the motor capabilities however it takes a lot of time, it requires physiotherapists services, is often painful and the outcome are evaluated in subjective way. New technologies including smart sensors were adopted in healthcare including wearable solutions for cardiac and respiratory activity monitoring and successfully are contributing to reduce the costs of services. In the case of motor activity and particularly in physical rehabilitation the developments are still reduced the physical therapy services are using as hardware mechanical equipment without sensing, embedded processing and internet connectivity that significatively reduce the possibility to measure and evaluate the physical training outcomes in objective way. In this paper the disruptive solutions for physical therapy are presented that are based on hot technologies such as smart sensors, IoT, virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), and artificial intelligence (AI). Applied AI may conduct to develop models, classifiers (gait classification) and short term or medium term prediction of physical therapy outcomes. Highly motivation of the patients under physical rehabilitation can be increased promoting serious game characterized by VR and MR scenarios.
Wi-Fi inside an airplane
Authors: Arribas Enrique , Escobar Isabel , Martinez-Plaza Antonio , Adelantado Carlos , Ramirez-Vazquez Raquel
Published: October 2022

In this work, we present results for measurements of personal exposure to Radiofrequency electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) from 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and 5.8 GHz Wi-Fi frequency bands while travelling by airplane. The flight was taken by a researcher of this work, it departed from Barajas Adolfo Suarez Airport in Madrid (Spain) and arrived in Benito Juárez International Airport (Mexico City – Mexico), on the 20th of June 2021. The measurements were carried out using two EME SPY 140 personal exposimeters. Results indicate that exposure levels change at any moment. Values are variable when the researcher is inside the airplane prior to takeoff or landing, when the airplane is airborne and when the Wi-Fi is in use or not. The average value registered during the whole flight was 123 μW/m2 with a 95 percentile of 273 μW/m2 in 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi frequency band, and the average value was 87.1 μW/m2 with a 95 percentile of 184 μW/m2 in 5.8 GHz Wi-Fi frequency band.
Numerical evaluation of the induced voltages in an underground pipeline using the distributed source approach
Authors: Czumbil L , Creţu M , Ceclan A , Dărăbant L , Șteţ D , Micu DD
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the distributed source analysis approach for treating the inductive coupling of power transmission lines with buried pipelines. The evaluation of the induced voltages in a pipeline which share the same path with a power line for a monophasic short circuit on the line is performed and also the analytical expression for current density induced in soil is calculated. The paper describes a practical case of subdivision of the zone of influence in sections (a circuit model) and a precise calculation of the induced voltages in different points based on the measured data, is performed in Mathcad, using special interpolation functions.
Micro-nano twins appearing in ultrafine-grained Ti–6Al–4 V alloy induced by high-pressure water jet technology
Authors: Sun Hao , Hu Minyi , Jiang Guanghui , Cao Guixia , Ge Jianhua , Zhang Shuqiong , Zhao Qunfang , Wang Chang , Zhang Yusheng , Ouyang Quansheng
Published: October 2022

In this study, the surface of an ultrafine-grained Ti–6Al–4 V alloy was treated with high-pressure water jet technology (HPWJT). Then, the microstructure of the alloy was investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three obviously different microstructural characteristics were observed from the treated surface to the matrix: ultrafine equiaxed grains with diameters from hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers, micro-nano twins inside ultrafine equiaxed α grains, and an initial undeformed microstructure with ultrafine equiaxed grains. Formation of micro-nano twins in the subsurface was related to the special misorientation angle of neighboring grains. We proved the dependence of twinning on the crystallographic orientation and grain size of the α phase. In addition, the quantitative contributions of the micro-nano twins to the surface hardness of the alloy were calculated; micro-nano twins significantly improved the surface hardness of the alloy. This study provides a new easy method for introducing micro-nano twins on the surfaces of Ti and its alloys, and it may further improve the mechanical properties of these alloys.
One-pot fabrication of magnetic biochar by FeCl3-activation of lotus seedpod and its catalytic activity towards degradation of Orange G
Authors: Thanh Do Thao Vy , Le Nam Bui Quang , Nguyen Hung Minh , Lam Hung Hoa , Tran-Thuy Tuyet-Mai , Nguyen Long Quang , Ngo Duong Tran Hoang , Nguyen Dung Van
Published: October 2022

An advanced magnetic biochar (MBC) was facilely prepared via one-pot FeCl3-activation of lotus seedpod. Simultaneous carbonization, activation, and magnetization formed magnetic Fe3O4nanoparticles and nanowires over the biochar base. The specific surface area (SBET) and the total pore volume (Vtotal) of MBC were 349 m2g−1and 0.31 cm3g−1, which were 2.0-fold and 3.9-fold higher than those of biochar, respectively. In addition, the saturation magnetization of MBC reached 6.94 emu g−1, facilitating its magnetic separation and recovery. In heterogeneous Fenton-like catalytic oxidation, 0.40 g l−1MBC decolorized 100% Orange G and reduced 58% COD by 350 ppm H2O2within 120 min. The degradation kinetics were calculated with different MBC samples and reactions followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the highest rate constant of 0.034 min−1. Moreover, the catalytic activity dropped by only 6.4% after four reuse cycles, with negligible iron leaching of 1.31–1.44 mg l−1. Based on these results, MBC could be a low-cost, highly effective, and relatively stable catalyst for treating Orange G in wastewater.
Strong simulation of tracking single photons with which-way-detectors in linear optics
Authors: Gulbahar Burhan
Published: October 2022

Which-way-detectors (WWDs) are path-entangled detectors characterizing mutual exclusivity between path information and interference visibility in wave-particle duality experiments. We show surprisingly that WWDs allow to utilize single photons distinguishable in time domain to realize linear optical circuits where tracking their paths is exponentially hard for strong simulation analogous to rectangular lattice based Ising models. Distinguishable photons have scalability advantages of generation and detection compared with indistinguishable photons by promising both theoretical and experimental improvements in linear optical computing including boson sampling. We calculate strong simulation complexities by using variable elimination (VE) method for undirected graphs related to tensor network contraction for quantum circuits and recursive Feynman path-integral (RFPI) method to reduce space complexity. Two designs include either a single photon touring m times or m single photons propagating sequentially through an optical circuit composed of n beam splitters and phase shifters entangled with n WWDs. VE method for tracking results in undirected graphs matching with (2 m − 1) × (n + 1) and m × (n + 1) lattice Ising models with computational complexities of

O

(

m

n

2

min

(

2

m

−

1
,

n

+

1

)

)

and

O

(

m

n

2

min

(

m
,

n

+

1

)

)

in time and

O

(

2

m
i
n

(
2

m

−

1
,

n

+

1
)

)

and

O

(

2

min

(

m
,

n

+

1

)

)

in space for single and multi-photon based designs, respectively. We exploit RFPI method for m ≫ n to reduce space complexities to polynomial levels with respect to n and log m. Probability amplitude of specific cases of multi-photon design is represented in terms of Ising partition function with purely imaginary weights to characterize sampling complexity. Open issues about sampling complexity and experimental implementation of multi-WWD set-ups are discussed.
On the multidimensional Bohr radius
Authors: Kumar Shankey
Published: October 2022

This article provides a relation between the classical Bohr radius, the arithmetic Bohr radius, and the multidimensional Bohr radius. Through this relation, we give answers to some questions, one is raised by Defant et al. and other one is an open problem, both are related to the multidimensional Bohr radius. Moreover, we provide better new estimates of Bohr radii for holomorphic functions defined on Banach spaces.
A new family in the stable homotopy groups of spheres
Authors: Liu Xiugui , Xiao Jianming
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the nontriviality of homotopy elements

β
1

ϱ
s

\beta _1\varrho _s

in the

p
p

-primary component of stable homotopy groups of spheres is shown by virtue of the Adams spectral sequence and the May spectral sequence, where

ϱ
s

\varrho _s

is represented by

b
0

g

0

γ
~

s

b_0g_{0}\widetilde {\gamma }_{s}

in the Adams spectral sequence,

p
p

is a prime number greater than

5
5

, and

3
≤
s
>
p

3\leq s>p

.
Parabolic subgroups inside parabolic subgroups of Artin groups
Authors: Blufstein Martín , Paris Luis
Published: October 2022

We prove that a parabolic subgroupPPcontained in another parabolic subgroupP′P’of an Artin groupAAis a parabolic subgroup ofP′P’. This answers a question of Godelle which is not obvious despite appearances. In order to achieve our result we construct a set-retractionA→PA \to Pof the inclusion map from a parabolic subgroupPPintoAA. This retraction was implicitly constructed in a previous paper by Charney and the second author [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 46 (2014), pp. 1248–1255].
Emergence of traveling waves and their stability in a free boundary model of cell motility
Authors: Rybalko Volodymyr , Berlyand Leonid
Published: October 2022

We consider a 2D free boundary model of cell motility, inspired by the 1D contraction-driven cell motility model due to P. Recho, T. Putelat, and L. Truskinovsky [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013), p. 108102]. The key ingredients of the model are the Darcy law for overdamped motion of the acto-myosin network, coupled with the advection-diffusion equation for myosin density. These equations are supplemented with the Young-Laplace equation for the pressure and no-flux condition for the myosin density on the boundary, while evolution of the boundary is subject to the acto-myosin flow at the edge.

The focus of the work is on stability analysis of stationary solutions and translationally moving traveling wave solutions. We study stability of radially symmetric stationary solutions and show that at some critical radius a pitchfork bifurcation occurs, resulting in emergence of a family of traveling wave solutions. We perform linear stability analysis of these latter solutions with small velocities and reveal the type of bifurcation (sub- or supercritical). The main result of this work is an explicit asymptotic formula for the stability determining eigenvalue in the limit of small traveling wave velocities.
Post-fire seed dispersal of a wind-dispersed shrub declined with distance to seed source, yet had high levels of unexplained variation
Authors: Applestein Cara , Caughlin T Trevor , Germino Matthew J
Published: October 2022

Plant-population recovery across large disturbance areas is often seed-limited. An understanding of seed dispersal patterns is fundamental for determining natural-regeneration potential. However, forecasting seed dispersal rates across heterogeneous landscapes remains a challenge. Our objectives were to determine (i) the landscape patterning of post-disturbance seed dispersal, and underlying sources of variation and the scale at which they operate, and (ii) how the natural seed dispersal patterns relate to a seed augmentation strategy. Vertical seed trapping experiments were replicated across 2 years and five burned and/or managed landscapes in sagebrush steppe. Multi-scale sampling and hierarchical Bayesian models were used to determine the scale of spatial variation in seed dispersal. We then integrated an empirical and mechanistic dispersal kernel for wind-dispersed species to project rates of seed dispersal and compared natural seed arrival to typical post-fire aerial seeding rates. Seeds were captured across the range of tested dispersal distances, up to a maximum distance of 26 m from seed-source plants, although dispersal to the furthest traps was variable. Seed dispersal was better explained by transect heterogeneity than by patch or site heterogeneity (transects were nested within patch within site). The number of seeds captured varied from a modelled mean of ~13 m−2 adjacent to patches of seed-producing plants, to nearly none at 10 m from patches, standardized over a 49-day period. Maximum seed dispersal distances on average were estimated to be 16 m according to a novel modelling approach using a ‘latent’ variable for dispersal distance based on seed trapping heights. Surprisingly, statistical representation of wind did not improve model fit and seed rain was not related to the large variation in total available seed of adjacent patches. The models predicted severe seed limitations were likely on typical burned areas, especially compared to the mean 95–250 seeds per m2 that previous literature suggested were required to generate sagebrush recovery. More broadly, our Bayesian data fusion approach could be applied to other cases that require quantitative estimates of long-distance seed dispersal across heterogeneous landscapes.
Reciprocal best structure hits: using AlphaFold models to discover distant homologues
Authors: Monzon Vivian , Paysan-Lafosse Typhaine , Wood Valerie , Bateman Alex
Published: October 2022

Motivation

The conventional methods to detect homologous protein pairs use the comparison of protein sequences. But the sequences of two homologous proteins may diverge significantly and consequently may be undetectable by standard approaches. The release of the AlphaFold 2.0 software enables the prediction of highly accurate protein structures and opens many opportunities to advance our understanding of protein functions, including the detection of homologous protein structure pairs.

Results

In this proof-of-concept work, we search for the closest homologous protein pairs using the structure models of five model organisms from the AlphaFold database. We compare the results with homologous protein pairs detected by their sequence similarity and show that the structural matching approach finds a similar set of results. In addition, we detect potential novel homologs solely with the structural matching approach, which can help to understand the function of uncharacterized proteins and make previously overlooked connections between well-characterized proteins. We also observe limitations of our implementation of the structure-based approach, particularly when handling highly disordered proteins or short protein structures. Our work shows that high accuracy protein structure models can be used to discover homologous protein pairs, and we expose areas for improvement of this structural matching approach.

Availability and Implementation

Information to the discovered homologous protein pairs can be found at the following URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.87873. The code can be accessed here: https://github.com/VivianMonzon/Reciprocal_Best_Structure_Hits.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Cortical theta–gamma coupling governs the adaptive control of motor commands
Authors: Spooner Rachel K , Wilson Tony W
Published: October 2022

Motor control requires the adaptive updating of internal models to successfully target desired outcomes. This adaptive control can be proactive, such that imminent actions and corresponding sensorimotor programmes are anticipated prior to movement, or reactive, such that online error correction is necessary to adjust to sudden changes. While substantial evidence implicates a distributed cortical network serving adaptive control when behavioural changes are required (e.g. response inhibition), the neural dynamics serving such control when the target motor commands are to remain intact are poorly understood. To address this, we developed a novel proactive–reactive cued finger tapping paradigm that was performed during magnetoencephalography by 25 healthy adults. Importantly, to ensure condition-wise differences in adaptive cueing were not attributable to changes in movement kinematics, motor selection and planning processes were held constant despite changes in task demands. All data were imaged in the time-frequency domain using a beamformer to evaluate the effect of proactive and reactive cues on movement-related oscillations and subsequent performance. Our results indicated spectrally specific increases in low (i.e. theta) and high (i.e. gamma) frequency oscillations during motor execution as a function of adaptive cueing. Additionally, we observed robust cross-frequency coupling of theta and gamma oscillatory power in the contralateral motor cortex and further, the strength of this theta–gamma coupling during motor execution was differentially predictive of behavioural improvements and decrements during reactive and proactive trials, respectively. These data indicate that functional oscillatory coupling may govern the adaptive control of movement in the healthy brain and importantly, may serve as effective proxies for characterizing declines in motor function in clinical populations in the future.
Squid Game’s foreigners: Orientalism, Occidentalism, sub-imperialism
Authors: Fedorenko Olga
Published: October 2022

This article considers foreigners that appear in Squid Game and interrogates how the show both critiques and reproduces the racialized politics of oppression in global capitalism. It is argued that deploying stereotyped foreigners as the extremes of both precarity and privilege is lodged in South Korean sub-imperialist triumphalism and reproduces ideologies of othering that support structures of exploitation and oppression.
Heroin Use Is Associated With Vascular Inflammation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Hileman Corrilynn O , Durieux Jared C , Janus Scott E , Bowman Emily , Kettelhut Aaren , Nguyen Trong-Tuong , Avery Ann K , Funderburg Nicholas , Sullivan Claire , McComsey Grace A
Published: October 2022

Background

Heroin use may work synergistically with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to cause greater immune dysregulation than either factor alone. Unraveling how this affects end-organ disease is key as it may play a role in the excess mortality seen in people with HIV (PWH) who use heroin despite access to care and antiretroviral therapy.

Methods

This is a prospectively enrolled, cross-sectional study of adults with and without HIV who use and do not use heroin using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to compare tissue-specific inflammation including aortic (target-to-background ratio [TBR]), splenic, and bone marrow (standardized uptake value [SUV]).

Results

A total of 120 participants were enrolled. The unadjusted mean difference in aortic TBR was 0.43 between HIV-positive [HIV+] heroin+ and HIV+ heroin-negative [heroin−] (P = .02); however, among HIV−, aortic TBR was similar regardless of heroin-use status. Further, HIV-by-heroin-use status interaction was significant (P = .02), indicating that the relationship between heroin use and higher aortic TBR depended on HIV status. On the other hand, both HIV (1.54 vs 1.68; P = .04, unadjusted estimated means for HIV+ vs HIV−) and heroin use were associated with lower bone marrow SUV, although the effect of heroin depended on sex (heroin-use-by-sex interaction, P = .03). HIV-by-heroin-use interaction was not significant for splenic or bone marrow SUV.

Conclusions

Aortic inflammation was greatest in PWH who use heroin, but paradoxically, bone marrow activity was the least in this group, suggesting complex and possibly divergent pathophysiology within these different end organs.
Strategies for Using Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests to Reduce Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Mathematical Modelling Study Applied to Zambia
Authors: Han Alvin X , Girdwood Sarah J , Khan Shaukat , Sacks Jilian A , Toporowski Amy , Huq Naushin , Hannay Emma , Russell Colin A , Nichols Brooke E
Published: October 2022

Background

Increasing the availability of antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is key to alleviating global SARS-CoV-2 testing inequity (median testing rate in December 2021–March 2022 when the Omicron variant was spreading in multiple countries: high-income countries = 600 tests/100 000 people/day; LMICs = 14 tests/100 000 people/day). However, target testing levels and effectiveness of asymptomatic community screening to impact SARS-CoV-2 transmission in LMICs are unclear.

Methods

We used Propelling Action for Testing and Treating (PATAT), an LMIC-focused agent-based model to simulate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemics, varying the amount of Ag-RDTs available for symptomatic testing at healthcare facilities and asymptomatic community testing in different social settings. We assumed that testing was a function of access to healthcare facilities and availability of Ag-RDTs. We explicitly modelled symptomatic testing demand from individuals without SARS-CoV-2 and measured impact based on the number of infections averted due to test-and-isolate.

Results

Testing symptomatic individuals yields greater benefits than any asymptomatic community testing strategy until most symptomatic individuals who sought testing have been tested. Meeting symptomatic testing demand likely requires at least 200–400 tests/100 000 people/day, on average, as symptomatic testing demand is highly influenced by individuals without SARS-CoV-2. After symptomatic testing demand is satisfied, excess tests to proactively screen for asymptomatic infections among household members yield the largest additional infections averted.

Conclusions

Testing strategies aimed at reducing transmission should prioritize symptomatic testing and incentivizing test-positive individuals to adhere to isolation to maximize effectiveness.