bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tú y usted: dos pronombres de cortesía en el español actual. Datos de una comunidad peninsular
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis
Published: April 2016

The empiric data of this research, developed on a Spanish speech community show the social progression on the use of pronoun tú, even in formal contexts reserved so far to the form usted. On the other hand, the paper considers the possibility of the dicotomic alternation between those pronouns of address in contemporary Spanish as an expression of two classes of politeness: positive politeness and negative politeness (Brown & Levinson 1987). The aim of sociolinguistics and other related disciplines is to analyses the psychological, social and contextual factors that may move individuals and social groups to choose one model of address or another. Some speakers, like younger people or women, especially in non instrumental speech events and situations, have a significant correlation with the use of tú in the speech community studied in the paper.
El 'centro' y la 'periferia' de la categoría de sustantivo en español
Authors: Díaz Hormigo María Tadea
Published: April 2016

The present paper constitutes an attempt to establish a delimitation between central and peripheral elements in the category noun in Spanish according to the criterial mentioned as relevant for this distinction by the linguistics of Prague school. Two major aspects are analysed. First, the relational character of the nouns (it is relational the noun which is the nuclear element of an abstract syntactic-semantic pattern which consists of some linguistic variables). In this respect, it may be proved that is a characteristic of the Spanish nouns, unlike verbs, to be no relational. Second, particular attention is paid to the nouns which have a formal-semantic relation with others units of the language system. In our opinion, the nouns which are no relational and/or which are relationed with other unit go away from the centre of this category and they gradually pass (infiltrate) into the peripheral domain of other or others categories.
Relaciones de «solidaridad» en el adverbio en -mente
Authors: García-Page Sánchez Mario
Published: April 2016

The phenomenon of lexical solidarity does not appear to be exclusive to the verbal predicates and adjectives chosen by SSNN, as similar lexical/semantic relationships occur between some adverbs ending in -mente and the verbs or adjectives they modify (prohibir/prohibido: terminantemente, cerrar/cerrado: herméticamente, loco: perdidamente, llover: torrencialmente, etc.).
La duración vocálica en español
Authors: Marín Gálvez Rafael
Published: April 2016

In this paper we describe an experimental analysis of vowel duration in Spanish. Some factors that seem relevant in other studies for characterizing vowel duration were analized here using speech data from two speakers. These factors are: vowel identity, phrase boundaries, lexical stress, open versus closed syllables and effect of the postvocalic consonant. Our results show that Spanish vowels have intrinsic duration and there are some contextual factors, like phrase final boundary, stressed syllables and open syllables, that influence vowel lengthening. For voicing and manner of articulation of postvocalic consonant, significant differences were not found.
Entramado dialógico y rasgos morfosintácticos en un texto caribeño del siglo XVIII
Authors: Román Fernández Mercedes , Gallardo Paúls Beatriz
Published: April 2016

This article is an attempt of applying the conversational analysis to planned texts through a Caribbean work of the 18th. century called Historia de la conquista de la isla española de Santo Domingo. Trasumtada el año de 1762, del autor dominicano Luis José Peguero. It has been tried to systematize in the conversational analysis a series of elements which characterize the spoken language. This language belongs to a written text which gathered the basic structures and patterns managed in the communicative fact by the speakers, through the intuition of the writer-speaker in which J. L. Peguero became, to transmit his message to his workers.This approach omits the barely socio-linguistical analysis, worried about the kind of the south-western area of S. Domingo speech where this work is settled.On the contrary it has been tried to stay within the real linguistical view, more related to the pragmatics or to the conversational analysis and, thus, make explicit some perceptive realities more or less variable identifying and describing conversational conducts.
Lexicografía dialectal
Authors: Alvar Ezquerra Manuel
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to show what Lexicography and Dialeclology have in common, despite the fact that these two disciplines might appear to be rather disparate in their main goals and methodology. The occurrence of dialectal expressions in general purpose Spanish dictionaries as well as the creation of a range specifically dialectal terms within the regional variants of the language are analysed. Regarding the latter, special emphasis is placed on the study of dictionaries of Americanism. Both types of expressions are aproached historically and within the Hispanic domain.
La lexicografía española en el siglo XIX: del diccionario a la enciclopedia
Authors: Azorín Fernández Dolores
Published: April 2016

The main purpose of this article is to provide a general view of the Spanish no academic monolingual lexicography in the nineteenth century. In order to achieve this objective, we have started showing the different causes of its unexpected apperance in the beginning of this century and also, specially, the reasons of its subsequent evolution towards the encyclopedic Dictionary model.
Sobre los mecanismos de impersonalización en la conversación coloquial: el tú impersonal
Authors: Hidalgo Navarro Antonio
Published: April 2016

This article treats about one of the numerous peculiarities of the spoken language. We are going to analize the use of the pronominal second person as a pragmalinguistic mechanism of generalization in the present Spanish norm. Those grammatical uses need a specific explanation beyond the limits of the traditional grammar, because from this view they cannot be justified. We have to search this explanation in the scope of the Pragmatics.
Los complementos de los verbos psicológicos en español y la perspectiva no discreta de la categorización
Authors: Martínez Linares María Antonia
Published: April 2016

In this paper I have tried to present the concept of prototype, which has been incorporated in Functionalism and Cognitive Linguistics, as a useful descriptive tool to characterize grammatical functions. In order to do that, I have analyzed direct and indirect objects in sentences with psych-verbs, like gustar, encantar, enfurecer.
Los elementos compositivos hiper-/hipo- en el diccionario
Authors: Pérez Lagos Manuel Fernando
Published: April 2016

This work analyses the productivity of the hiper- and hipo- prefixes included in the Real Academia Española dictionary and in VOX'S general dictionary throughout their last five editions (halfs century of lexicographical creation). Appendix I offers each one of the words formed with these prefixes, followed by the editions in which each one appears. The organization of this material in appendix II may be used to find which words have appeared in each new edition and to compare both editions and dictionarics.
El apodo en Villacañas (Toledo): historias de un pueblo
Authors: García Aranda María Ángeles
Published: April 2016

The nickname, word that designates by another term to any person, it is a linguistic phenomenon practically nonexistent in written texts. Our main objective is lo show first one approach to his study, for this we will talk about questions of terminology, his tradition along the time, his main characteristics, his formations and tendencies, his popular origin, his use in the literature and, finally, about his presence in Villacañas (Toledo).
La deixis personal en benasqués
Authors: Saura Rami José Antonio
Published: April 2016

Quiere versar este trabajo sobre las unidades fundamentales que sirven para establecer la deixis en esta variedad lingüística del Pirineo aragonés, pero siempre que exista una vinculación con las personas gramaticales. Ésta se puede realizar directamente —sustantivos personales— o indirectamente, al referirse a la tercera persona, pero indicando la relación mantenida por lo mostrado respecto de las personas del enunciado —demostrativos, elementos adverbio-deícticos—.
Tiempo real y tiempos gramaticales: presente e imperfecto de indicativo
Authors: Wilk-Racieska Joanna
Published: April 2016

The present work deals with the polyfuncionality of two tenses of Spanish indicativo: the presente and the imperfecto, and with the hierarchy of these functions as well. Tenses aren't an isolated grammatical category, there are rather expressions of relations among different linguistic and extralinguistic dimensions. Thus, the given meaning of a grammatical tense is associated with a function which this tense realizes in a specific relation. This text seeks to establish an appropriate classification of these functions. It means, that the author's aim is to isolate the prototypical function of each of these tenses and to define reasons and possibilities of its peripherial uses. Although an expression's meaning and even its grammatical organisation are dependent on context, general knowledge and experience, an important part of each cognitive item is constructed in accordance with stable linguistic patterns. Accordingly, the work tries to discover underlying linguistic patterns (treated here as a prototypical function) of analysed constructions and to describe the validity of these patterns for the peripherial use of lexical terms. Theoretical instruments applied are: the semantic theory known as semantic grammar or semantic syntaxe (St. Karolak, 1991) and the cognitive grammar carried out within the perspective stated by R. Langacker. For the verification of some universal properties and uses of analysed forms appropriate Polish constructions were used.
Análisis de turnos en el discurso del profesor en aulas de inglés como lengua extranjera
Authors: Salaberri Ramiro María Sagrario
Published: April 2016

Presentamos en este capítulo los resultados obtenidos en un estudio llevado a cabo en cuatro aulas de inglés como lengua extranjera, dos de Educación Primaria y dos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, en el que se ha grabado y transcrito el discurso generado en la interacción didáctica profesor-alumnos. En primer lugar, se hace referencia a la literatura sobre alternancia de turnos en la conversación. A continuación, se describe el método seguido en la investigación y se analizan los resultados atendiendo a los siguientes aspectos: descripción de características de turnos, mecanismos para resolver interrupciones y superposiciones, diferencias con respecto a la conversación natural, distribución y asignación de turnos. Los resultados se ilustran con extractos de la interacción. Finalmente, se comentan las conclusiones derivadas del estudio.
La adquisición del español en la población inmigrada en España: apuntes para una reflexión sobre el paradigma
Authors: Soto Aranda Beatriz  , El-Madkouri Mohamed
Published: April 2016

The Acquisition of the Target Languages by Immigrants is nowadays a burning subject, not only because of the increasing interest recorded in the Migratory Phenomenon Studies but also because of the impact on and the processing by the Mass Media of the recent decisions of some European governments in the sense of making the Target Language Learning a compulsory study for immigrants. This paper aims to contribute to the debate with an overall impression about some factors that Public Powers should take into account at the moment of putting into practice this kind of measures. What is the role of the Target Societies as Second Language Acquisition Contexts? What extent the Acculturation Processes decide the Target Language Learning to? Have all the immigrants access on an equal basis to the Reception Language Learning? And finally, What is the difference between the teaching of Spanish for immigrants and other Spanish L2 Teaching Programs?
Onomástica castellana y onomástica catalana en tierras fronterizas durante la Edad Media
Authors: Díez de Revenga Torres Pilar , Puche Lorenzo Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2016

In this paper we analyze the problems set up in border lands, especially when a confluence of linguistic norms has taken place; an example is what happened in the Kingdom of Murcia along the Low Middle Ages, where settlers of different origins and also of different religion or race, Christians (Castilians and Catalans), Mussulmans or Jews lived together during some periods and followed one another in other time, leaving their traces on the onomastics and the toponymy. Some times the settlers’ mark remained in the way of naming, but other times they reduced themselves to translate the names given by preceding settlers. With regard to onomastics, the traditions of each people remained evident and so have transmitted along the centuries; in the XIIIth. century it is very important the Catalan influence, a reflex of the repopulations; in the XIVth. century instead, because of the predominance of the Castilian model, a graphic adaptation of the family names received from preceding stages took place. Analyzing the documentation of that age permits us verify that the life together of peoples and languages enriched the toponomastic stock.
Estándar oral y enseñanza de la pronunciación del español como primera lengua y como lengua extranjera
Authors: Carbó Marro Carme  , Llisterri Boix Joaquim  , Machuca Ayuso María Jesús  , Mota Górriz Carme de la  , Riera Masjoan Montserrat  , Ríos Mestre Antonio
Published: April 2016

The aim of this work is to analyse the teaching situation of Oral Standard Spanish. First, the indications on pronunciation present in the official and unofficial normative documents, as well as in the descriptive publications are revised. Secondly, it is presented the utility of applying this knowledge to the teaching of phonetics and to the teaching and correction of pronunciation as a part of the oral expression. In third place, the contexts in which it is necessary a good command of pronunciation are presented, and the available materials to achieve this goal are also examined. The main conclusions are: the lack of official normative documents that collect the present uses of Spanish, the imprecision and incoherency of the curriculum objectives, the lack of exhaustive and systematic descriptions in the reference books for native speakers which, in many cases, even contain mistakes; the lack of proper material to learn Spanish pronunciation adopting a communicative approach.
Delimitación terminológica y conceptual de las unidades lingüísticas del nivel sintáctico-semántico suboracional
Authors: Díaz Hormigo María Tadea
Published: April 2016

This paper initially accounts for what has hitherto been reported by linguists who belong to different tendencies and methodologies regarding the linguistic units that are present on the existing level between sentence and word levels (i.e., those constructions that have nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs appearing in nuclear position). Our aim is to contrast the results of the theoretical and critical revision with linguistic data. Concluding the article, we set out our stance on this matter and therefore suggest a possible name for these linguistic units. In our opinion, noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases and adverb phrases should be denominated sub-sentential syntactic-semantic units.
Microestructura discursiva y segmentación informativa en la conversación coloquial
Authors: Hidalgo Navarro Antonio
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to describe the minimum units of conversational structure. These minimum units, the Act and the Subact, take part in the segmentation of conversation in information units, that allow to recognize a hierarchical organization in our linguistic emissions. There are some segmental and suprasegmental marks that delimit the extent of Acts and, in the other hand, there are also several pragmatic functions that allow to see dicerent kinds of Subacts. In summary, Act and Subact are the first step to analyze the oral discourse and to set up the so-called Conversational Grammar.
Sobre metodología de gramática histórica del español: a propósito de una obra reciente
Authors: López García Ángel
Published: April 2016

Contributions to Spanish historical morphology are used to dealing with many descriptive issues, but they generally lack methodological considerations. This was not the case with other components of historical grammar such as the phonological and the lexical ones. However morphology, perhaps because of its semiproductive character and the irregularity of its paradigms, has been conceived of as a sample of unrelated data. This paper aims to consider the paradigmatic proposals that have been recently made by Joel Rini putting them in the methodological context of current research on grammaticalization in general linguistics.
La adaptación del locutor al interlocutor: dinámica del sistema vocálico del español en función de las características de los participantes en la conversación
Authors: Poch Olivé Dolors , Dhainaut C.  , Huet Kathy  , Harmegnies Bernard
Published: April 2016

The paper is focused on the hypothesis that the linguistic behaviour of a speaker would depend on how he/she perceives the linguistic status of a person he/she is speaking to. This hypothesis is particularly interesting to study as an index of the mental representation that a determined group has of another, that is to say, the way a speaker adjusts his or her linguistic behaviour to that of the person he or she is speaking to will reflect how the latter is perceived by the speaker being the subject of our study. This paper presents an exploratory study of the dynamics of the Spanish vocalic system under the effect of the linguistic status variations of the interlocutor. A single speaker, native speaker of Spanish, was recorded on 3 situations in which the differences in the status of the person spoken to are clearly marked: a conversation with a native speaker of Spanish, a conversation with a non-native speaker of Spanish, and a reading task of isolated words. The assessment of the system's degree of organization in each speaking style was studied using various indices: the ? index to assess the variation of the degree of centralization of the vowel system under the speaking style variations, the ? index, which allows better discrimination between the three speaking styles than the discriminant analysis, to quantify the ratio of the inter vocalic class variability compared to the intra vocalic class variability in each speaking style. The results show both that significant inter-style acoustical differences do exist, and that they can better be stressed by the use of the ? index.
Condición semántica de las palabras en relación con las modalidades paratácticas e hipotácticas de su puesta en discurso
Authors: Ramón Trives Estanislao
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with the phylogenetic and ontogenetic origin of the paratactic and hypotactic utterances in Spanish, so with the cognitive foundation of their argumentative-discursive performances.
Pero ya hablé gallego, lle dixen eu...: análisis de un caso de alternancia de códigos en una situación bilingüe
Authors: Vázquez Veiga Nancy
Published: April 2016

There are two main parts in this study about code-switching. The first part focuses on some problems raised by the definition of this language contact phenomenon, such as the identification between language and code, as well as the relationship between code-switching and monolingual norms in bilingual speakers. The second part analyzes an example of Spanish-Galician code-switching, from a socio-discursive perspective. This example, taken from a sociolinguistic interview from the Corpus de lengua hablada de la ciudad de A Coruña, will serve us to revise the traditional distinction between metaphoric and situational code-switching. Additionally, it will serve us to illustrate how code-switching functions as a verbal strategy helping to define and negotiate social relationships, therefore contributing to the fulfillment of conversational cooperation.
La teoría de la gramaticalización y sus aplicaciones en las lenguas románicas
Authors: Lamiroy Béatrice
Published: April 2016

The paper aims at showing how grammaticalization theory applies to Romance languages. In the first part of the paper we give a short overview of the main definitions and principles of the theory. Since grammaticalization phenomena regard all components of language, we distinguish between semantic, syntactic, morphological and phonetic aspects of the process. Furthermore, we also explore the question why this theory has been so successfull of late. Its success raises another question in turn, viz. whether we are dealing with a new 'paradigm' in linguistics, particular in the field of linguistic typology. The second part is devoted to the study of empirical data taken from two different areas, auxiliary verbs on the one hand and prepositional clauses on the other, in three Romance languages, French, Italian and Spanish. We argue, first, with respect to auxiliaries, that an analysis in terms of grammaticalization is to be preferred over other competing analyses such as raising or transparency because the theory allows to account for heterogeneous data. Auxiliary verbs indeed do not constitute a homogeneous class. Second, from a comparative vantage point, it is shown that French displays many more grammaticalization symptoms than Spanish does. Italian seems to occupy an intermediate position, as far as auxiliaries are concerned. With respect to prepositional complements, we only take French and Spanish into account. Once more, we argue that French is much more advanced on the grammaticalization chain than Spanish is and provide evidence for our claim.
Verbos y construcciones causativas analíticas en portugués y en español
Authors: Soares da Silva Augusto
Published: April 2016

When a causative meaning is expressed by an independent verbal element, we may identify the construction as analytic, periphrastic, or syntactic. Romance languages present greater grammatical elaboration of analytic causative constructions than other languages. Contradicting a long formalist (generative) tradition in general (and Romance) linguistics, the grammatical complexity of the causative constructions becomes explicable in the light of their semantic import and conceptual motivations. This paper offers a conceptual analysis of the analytic causative constructions in Portuguese and in Spanish. We will begin with a survey of the semantic properties of the causative verbs. Based on the Talmy's (1988, 2000) force dynamics model, four force-dynamic patterns are described, which are instantiated in fazer/hacer 'do/make', manter/mantener 'keep' and deixar/dejar 'leave/let'. Other analytic causative verbs such as mandar 'order', forçar/forzar 'force', obrigar/obligar 'oblige', and levar/llevar 'lead', are considered. After that, we go on to analyze the grammar of the four main causative constructions in Portuguese and in Spanish, namely infinitival, finite, reflexive and resultative constructions. The conceptual factors (or imagery, Langacker, 1987, 1991) of the three infinitival complement constructions of Portuguese arc briefly analyzed, which represent a more elaborate continuum of event integration and of causer autonomy and causer control. Finally, we briefly describe the compatibilities between the verbs and constructions, and include a reference to the alternative construction with the finite complement, and to the causative-reflexive and causative-resultative constructions.
Cuestiones de orden: semántica y sintaxis de los adjetivos ordinales
Authors: Eguren Gutiérrez Luis Javier , Fábregas Alfaro Antonio
Published: April 2016

En este trabajo mostramos que los adjetivos ordinales del español tienen distintas propiedades semánticas y sintácticas en posición pre y postnominal. Estos modificadores son auténticos adjetivos ordinales (esto es, convierten un conjunto en una serie ordenada) tan solo cuando preceden al nombre; cuando lo siguen, sin embargo, simplemente asignan un número a una entidad, sin ordenar necesariamente una serie. Proponemos, en concreto, que los ordinales postnominales son adjetivos relaciónales clasificadores que establecen una relación entre un nombre y un número, mientras que los ordinales prenominales se comportan como los adjetivos situacionales del tipo de próximo, siguiente, anterior o posterior, que denotan relaciones de secuenciación espacio-temporal entre entidades. Estudiamos también las propiedades idiosincrásicas de los ordinales primero y último, unas propiedades que se derivan en última instancia del hecho de que estos ordinales abren o cierran una serie.
Sobre el significado del descubrimiento del gen FOXP2
Authors: Longa Martínez Víctor Manuel
Published: April 2016

El reciente descubrimiento del gen FOXP2 ha ofrecido la primera evidencia clara de la base genética del lenguaje, mostrando una correlación inequívoca desde la perspectiva genética entre una versión mutada de F0XP2 y los trastornos lingüísticos de diferente tipo sufridos por una familia inglesa, conocida como KE. El objetivo central del presente trabajo es discutir diferentes aspectos relacionados con tal descubrimiento; especialmente, la discusión del significado de FOXP2 con respecto al lenguaje y al desarrollo del lenguaje.
Índice de nahuatilismos en el español de la frontera mexicana con Belice
Authors: Pérez Aguilar Raúl Arístides
Published: April 2016

En este artículo se analiza la presencia de las voces nahuas en la frontera mexicana con Belice, las cuales fueron obtenidas mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario que dio como resultado un valioso corpus lingüístico que permite analizar el uso real de estas voces (léxico activo), así como establecer su nómina pasiva, las circunstancias de su uso y de los sinónimos con los que entran en competencia, su significación sociolingüística de acuerdo con los factores de edad, sexo y grado de escolaridad, y la norma lingüística de cada grupo sociocultural y la norma general de la ciudad.
Aspectos semánticos y léxicos del español de Puerto Rico
Authors: Penas Ibáñez María Azucena
Published: April 2016

La mezcla de culturas en Puerto Rico a lo largo de su historia (aborigen, española, africana, estadounidense) ha enriquecido notablemente su léxico y ha permitido que Luis Rafael Sánchez ejercite su capacidad de crear neologismos, de jugar con los vocablos (especialmente nombres y verbos), recreándolos en su forma y en su significado, como vamos a comprobar con algunos ejemplos. En este artículo nos centraremos en los aspectos morfológicos y sintácticos del léxico, pero, muy especialmente, en los semánticos, sin incidir, sin embargo, en condicionantes dialectológicos o idiolectales.
La partícula y tal en el español hablado de Valencia
Authors: Montañez Mesas Marta Pilar
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo estudia las funciones pragmáticas y la variación de la partícula y tal en el español hablado de Valencia y en Valencia. Para analizar esta variación tomamos como variantes las formas /y tal/ ~ /o tal/ ~ /tal/ y describimos en qué contextos se neutralizan sus diferencias funcionales, semánticas o pragmáticas. Especialmente, prestamos atención a la posición final en unidades de habla, esto es, a su posición discursiva. Para ello comparamos su uso tanto en entrevistas semidirigidas, como en conversaciones coloquiales. En este trabajo con corpus, integramos no solo los factores lingüísticos que determinan los usos de las partículas discursivas, sino también ciertos valores sociolingüísticos, como el sexo, edad, nivel sociocultural, tipo de secuencias lingüísticas, género discursivo, entre otros.
La utilización del espacio en contextos icónicos: el caso de los numerales en la lengua de signos española
Authors: Fernández Soneira Ana María
Published: April 2016

La explotación del espacio sígnico con fines gramaticales es una de las características más específicas de las lenguas de signos1. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar el uso del espacio, en la lengua de signos española, unido a la expresión de información numérica en contextos con un alto grado de iconicidad. La expresión de magnitudes numéricas en la LSE es icónica. Los números del 1 al 10 se expresan con los diez dedos de las manos y a partir del 11 podemos signarlos representándolos en el espacio sígnico. Al lado de esta expresión base hay contextos en los que, bien dependiendo de la información que queramos transmitir bien del signo al que se una el numeral, nos encontramos con procedimientos de expresión más específicos y altamente icónicos, algunos de ellos ya gramaticalizados en la lengua y otros más discursivos. Intentaremos, en este trabajo, realizar una taxonomía de estos procedimientos y para ello analizaremos la explotación del espacio sígnico como si recrease un mapa temporal para la expresión de unidades de calendario, la explotación del espacio unida al uso de las manos como referentes icónicos para expresar información numérica asociada a valores de orden, localización e igualdad referencial y, por último nos referiremos a casos en los que la información numérica asociada a determinados conceptos se expresa a través de procedimientos altamente icónicos que se apoyan también en las posibilidades de explotación del espacio sígnico como representación a escala del mundo real.
La alternancia de las preposiciones por y de como introductoras del complemento agente
Authors: Funes María Soledad
Published: April 2016

En el marco teórico del Enfoque Cognitivo-Prototípico (ECP), el presente trabajo describe comparativamente el uso en contextos auténticos de construcciones pasivas (CP) con Complemento Agente (CAg) introducidos por por y por de. Se espera aportar evidencia empírica a la siguiente hipótesis: el CAg introducido por la preposición por tiende a aparecer en contextos con pacientes altamente afectados y con agentes [+humanos] y [+determinados], en esquemas de predicaciones de eventos dinámicos; mientras que el agente introducido por de suele tener los atributos [-humano] y [-determinado], en contextos de pacientes con baja afectación, y en esquemas de predicaciones con entidades estáticas.
La repetición en el discurso del profesor de ELE: formas y funciones
Authors: Gonzálvez Argüello María Vicenta
Published: April 2016

La repetición es un mecanismo discursivo característico de la lengua oral. Este trabajo se plantea abordar dicho mecanismo en el discurso del profesor de español como lengua extranjera, para ello se describen sus características formales y se analizan sus funciones comunicativas con el fin de establecer en qué casos llega a ser efectiva. Todo ello teniendo en cuenta los trabajos existentes sobre la repetición en el discurso didáctico y en la lengua conversacional. El corpus que se ha analizado está formado por grabaciones de 10 sesiones de clase de 10 profesores de español diferentes.
Perfil Epidemiológico da Sepse em Hospital de Referência no Interior do Ceará
Authors: Cruz Leonardo Lopes , Macedo Cícero Cruz
Published: April 2016

Sepse é uma resposta do organismo a uma situação infecciosa. É um assunto que vem atraindo o interesse da comunidade médica, devido a um considerado aumento de sua incidência.  Apesar dos avanços científicos ainda busca-se uma melhor compreensão sobre esse importante tema. Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico da Sepse no primeiro semestre de 2015, num hospital de referência do interior do ceará, Brasil. Método:  estudo descritivo, exploratório, transversal, retrospectivo e  documental,  de abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: A amostra constou de 193 prontuários de pacientes com sepse, sendo 105 (54,5%) homens e 88 (45,6%) mulheres, com idades variando de 17 a 99 anos (M=64,7 e Dp=21,540).  Em  71,0% dos casos de Sepse a origem foi Comunitário e 29%  de origem Hospitalar. Em 96 casos (49,7%) houveram sepse, em 61 casos (31,6%) aconteceu uma sepse grave e, em 36 casos (18,7%) houve choque séptico. O foco predominante foi pulmonar com 128 casos (66,4%), seguido de foco abdominal, 11 (5,7%), urinário, 8 casos (4,1), das partes moles, 2 casos (1,0),  de origem neurológica, 1 caso (0,5%), da corrente sanguínea, 1 caso de pé diabético (0,5%) e, 20 casos (10,4%) de origem desconhecida. Considerações finais: O estudo demonstrou ser elevado o número de pacientes acometidos de sepse no hospital estudado, o que reforça a necessidade de ações preventivas para melhorar a redução da mortalidade por sepse.
New moldavites from SW Poland
Authors: Brachaniec Tomasz , Szopa Krzysztof , Karwowski Łukasz
Published: April 2016

Four newly discovered moldavites from the East and West Gozdnica pits, SW Poland, are characterized. All specimens, including other four, reported earlier, are from Upper Miocene fluvial sediments of the Gozdnica Formation. Their weight varies between 0.529 and 1.196 g. The moldavites are bottle green in colour and have bubbles and inclusions of lechatelierite. Low degree of corrosion suggests short river transport, apparently eastward from Lusatia.
Uncertainty Regarding Interpretation of the “Negligence Rule” and Its Implications for the Efficiency of Outcomes
Authors: Jain Satish K.
Published: April 2016

There are two ways that the negligence rule is interpreted. Under one interpretation a negligent injurer is liable for the entire harm to the victim; and under the other interpretation a negligent injurer is liable only for that part of the harm which can be ascribed to his negligence. Both these versions are efficient. However, if there is uncertainty regarding whether the court will be employing the full liability version or the incremental liability version for determining the liability of a negligent injurer, notwithstanding the fact that both the versions are efficient, inefficiency is possible. It is shown in the paper that a necessary and sufficient condition for efficiency in all cases is that the subjective probability with which the injurer expects the standard version to be employed must be greater than or equal to the subjective probability with which the victim expects the standard version to be employed. For the subset of applications without complementarities in the cares of the two parties and which are such that the total social costs are minimized at a unique care-configuration, it is shown that efficiency obtains regardless of the subjective probabilities with which the parties expect the two versions. One very important conclusion that emerges from the analysis of this paper is that when courts employ more than one liability rule, even if all the employed rules are efficient, the efficiency of all outcomes cannot be taken for granted merely on the ground of the efficiency of the employed rules.
Fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex and their treatment: A case report
Authors: Bardhoshi Esat
Published: April 2016

Fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex are the second most common of all facial fractures. Several fixation methods have been used over the years, including wire osteosynthesis, lag screw fixation, trans-facial Kirschner wire fixation, titanium plate and screw fixation, and more recently, resorbable plating system. Internal fixation with titanium plates and screw provides the most rigid fixation and thus greater immobility of the fracture segments. The degree of immobilization created with titanium plates and screws also allows fixation at fewer anatomic points.
Tooth multi-sectioning with the use of magnification, for extraction of a deeply impacted lower second molar with entrapment of the inferior alveolar nerve: Report of a case
Authors: Tilaveridis Ioannis , Dalambiras Stilianos , Lazaridou Maria , Zouloumis Lambros
Published: April 2016

Inferior alveolar nerve injury is one of the most serious complications of mandibular molar surgery and may lead to litigation for mal-practice. Entrapment of the inferior alveolar nerve to roots of an impacted mandibular molars is extremely rare. The aim of this case report is to stress the importance of tooth multi-sectioning with the use of magnification for the safe removal of a deeply impacted second molar with entrapment of the inferior alveolar nerve in its proximal root.
Foreign Direct Investments Induced Innovation? A Case Study – Macedonia
Authors: Apostolov Mico
Published: April 2016

This paper, while analysing innovation in Southeast Europe, and in particular the case study of Macedonia, focuses on the basic ties between foreign direct investments and innovation. Foreign direct investment is usually defined as dominant or controlling ownership of a company in one country (the host country), by an entity based in another country. The concept of industry-government-university relationships interprets the change from a dominating industry-government duo in the ‘industrial society’ to a growing triadic relationship between industry-government-university in the ‘knowledge society’.From the beginning of the transition process, foreign direct investments have been a priority, an essential pillar that moves the society forward towards a developed market economy. In addition, as the influx of capital increases it inevitably brings with it increased innovation. Hence we examine the possibility that these two indicators have a positive and upward ascent and facilitate the development of the economy.
Two-dimensional renewal theorems with weak moment conditions and critical Bellman – Harris branching processes
Authors: Topchiy Valentin A.
Published: April 2016

We consider critical Bellman – Harris processes with two types of particles. The tail of the lifetime distribution of the first type particles decreases as
Über den Fortschritt
Authors: Kitcher Philip
Published: April 2016

This paper offers a general approach to the concept of progress, illustrating it by two examples. The first focuses on the least controversial instance of progress, in the domain of the natural sciences. The second considers the notion of ethical progress, a notion viewed as fundamental to the understanding of social progress. At the heart of my approach is a distinction between the ambitious idea of teleological progress, and a more modest concept of pragmatic progress. The last two sections turn to the concept of social progress, identifying the spread of capacities for an autonomously chosen valuable life as the key. Standard economic measures of progress are often poor guides to social progress in my sense, and there are serious questions about whether contemporary socio-economic institutions are antipathetic to social progress.
Verantwortung: Existenzial oder Versatzstück neoliberaler Apologetik?
Authors: Buddeberg Eva
Published: April 2016

This paper argues that a notion of responsibility understood as a general duty to justify our actions to each other can be a useful tool in criticising neo-liberal uses of this concept – especially the idea of self-responsibility – as self-contradictory and misguided. In order to make this case, I will first present a discursive understanding of responsibility. Against this backdrop I will then outline how this conception can underpin a critique of a neo-liberal understanding of responsibility. I show that this understanding amounts to misuse of this concept as it is deployed to make claims that are based on partial interests, and this is only possible due to responsibility being dissociated from those discursive practices that it presupposes.
Structural Changes and Structural Transformation in a Modern Development Economy
Authors: Marjanović Vladislav
Published: April 2016

The concepts of structure and structural changes can be applied in many different ways. Relatedly, the roughest distinction is reflected in two approaches: development economics approach and econometric approach. This paper will rely on the development economics, because it seems that the econometric approach oversimplifies the structural analysis and structural changes. Development economics, which evolved through the interaction between theoretical research and empirical studies, deals with many issues related to structure and growth in less developed (developing) countries. In development economics, the economic structure analysis is observed mostly through micro and macro approach. The paper relies on a macroeconomic approach which views the economic development as a set of interrelated long-term processes of structural transformation accompanying the growth.

Unlike the neoclassical approach, which makes a simple distinction of the economy to sectors producing tradable goods (with a high substitution) and sectors producing non-tradable goods, development economics studies structural adjustments of much serious complexity. Unlike other branches of economy, development economics has no universally accepted doctrine or paradigm. Instead, it is based on continuous evaluation of thinking, creating a ground for understanding the processes of modern economic development.
Social Challenges are Opportunities for Sustainable Development: Tracing Impacts of Social Entrepreneurship Through Innovations and Value Creation
Authors: Konda Iva , Starc Jasmina , Rodica Barbara
Published: April 2016

Today the world faces many social challenges in the economic, social and environmental spheres that needs to be overcome. The public debate has been focused on finding solutions to them and one of these has been addressed as social entrepreneurship. This phenomenon combines the resourcefulness of traditional entrepreneurship with a mission to change society. Observing the positive social impact of entrepreneurs providing basic needs, this paper recognizes their unique role in efficiently contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals. The purpose of this article is to introduce the connection of social innovations and sustainable growth as an important phenomenon in today's real economy. Based on the interviews with the focus group and the cases of good practice, the authors have established the development of social innovation and social entrepreneurship in Slovenia. It is important in numerous fields, especially in employment, social inclusion, demographic changes, health care, education, finance, political structures and social integration. We found that the obstacle in the development of social entrepreneurship is scattered, unrelated or absent support mechanisms that do not offer the right incentives for the creation and the development of social enterprises. Another conclusion is that cooperation with partners from different sectors of the society is an important fundament in their work with social entrepreneurship.
How Government Creates Value?
Authors: Thompson Fred , Rizova Polly
Published: April 2016

Private enterprises should be concerned with maximizing productivity. Government should be concerned with minimizing risk, perhaps subject to a cost or productivity constraint. Value creation in government ought to strive for consistency, coherency, and transparency. Achieving consistency and coherence in the face of systemic and idiosyncratic risk calls the elaboration of general risk assessment model, which takes account of the various kinds of risk confronted by the diversity of government institutions. Lacking such a model, the best we can hope for is the design and execution of policies and practices that assure reasonably satisfactory outcomes no matter what the future throws at us.
Can a Multinational Company Create a Real Estate “Bubble” at the Local Level? The Case of Fiat and City of Kragujevac
Authors: Makojević Nikola , Veselinović Petar , Kalinić Ljubina
Published: April 2016

The aim of the paper is to analyze the recent dramatic increase in housing prices in Kragujevac, related to the opening of a multinational company facility. The main question is whether increasing house prices have been driven by market fundamentals or by speculative behaviour of the market players. We have decomposed variables influencing house prices in Kragujevac into supply and demand driven fundamentals to explore speculative ‘bubbles’ and detected the evidence of irrationally exuberant investors (constructors and buyers). The findings show a lack of rational behaviour among market players, absence of fundamentaldriven influence on real estate prices and expectancy-driven prices. The main characteristic is a strong relationship between price and rental price with no significant change in price-rent ratio.
State and Analysis of Scientific Journals in the Field of “Economic Sciences” for the Period 1995-2014
Authors: Dašić Predrag
Published: April 2016

SCI-E and SSCI are one of the main citation databases (CDB) in the world in the field of natural and applied (SCI-E) and social (SSCI) scientific disciplines. In 2014, within the SCIE all scientific fields of natural and applied science disciplines are classified into 176 categories, and within SSCI all scientific fields of social science disciplines are classified into 56 categories. Scientific journals in the field of “Economic Sciences” are sorted within the SSCI in 8 (eight) categories, plus one category within the SCI-E. The aim of the paper is to show the state and analysis of scientific journals indexed in SSCI and SCI-E citation databases (CDB) for 9 (nine) listed categories in the field of “Economic Sciences” for the period 1995-2014. The number of different scientific journals for 9 (nine) listed categories in the field of “Economic Sciences” for a period of 1997-2014, increased for 455 journals (from 415 journals in 1995 to 860 journals in 2014) with cumulative growth index (CGI) of 207,23% compared to 1997. Best ranked category among the nine listed categories in the field of “Economic Sciences” was the category “Economics” (Econ), which according to the number of journals for the entire period 1995-2014 was always ranked first (top-one) within SSCI. The largest increase in the number of scientific journals for the period 1995-2014 for all nine listed categories in the field of “Economic Sciences” had the category “Management” (Manag).
Who Really Wrote the Ottoman Turkish Story of Hallāj?
Authors: Hickman Bill
Published: April 2016

The martyrdom of the mystic Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr, better known as al-Hallāj (executed in Baghdad in 922 CE), has been a compelling story for Muslim audiences for centuries. An Ottoman Turkish narrative poem on the subject, composed sometime in the 15th century, proved to be especially popular. It was hand-copied repeatedly, into the 19th century, and lithographed at least twice. Nearly a century ago, Louis
Effect of different doses of post-emergence-applied iodosulfuron on weed control and grain yield of malt barley (Hordeum distichum L.), under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Barros José Calado , Calado José Godinho , Basch Gottlieb , Carvalho Mário José
Published: April 2016

A study was carried out over a two year period (2009/2010 and 2012/2013) on an experimental farm in the Alentejo region (Beja), in southern Portugal where rainfed malt barley (Hordeum distichum L.) is sown at the end of autumn or beginning of winter (November- December). The aim of this experiment was to study the efficiency of the herbicide iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium to control post-emergence broadleaved weeds in this cereal crop. The malt barley crop was established using no-till farming. This technology provides the necessary machine bearing capacity of the soil to assure the post-emergence application of herbicides at two different weed development stages. The herbicide iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium was applied at three doses (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g a. i. · ha-1) and at two different broadleaved weed development stages (3 to 4 and 6 to 7 pairs of leaves), that also corresponded to two different crop development stages (beginning of tillering and complete tillering). The results indicated that early herbicide application timing provided a significantly higher efficiency for all the applied herbicide doses, but this better weed control was not reflected in a higher crop grain yield. The lack of a higher crop grain yield was probably due to a crop phytotoxicity of the herbicide, when used at an early application timing.