bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Vacant Center to Early Village (Phase 1)
Authors: Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: January 2019

Radiocarbon dates from the lowermost levels in midden excavations suggest that people began to live at Crystal River sometime in the first century AD, during the Middle Woodland period. Phase 1 was relatively short, probably lasting only a century or two. Evidence from features and GPR suggest that the village was comprised of a scatter of small houses. Isotopic analysis of the shells of oysters suggest that the settlement was impermanent. Ceramics (including Deptford pottery) from this interval show disparity in temper suggestive of two communities of practice. It would thus seem that the dispersed groups that had congregated at the site to participate in ceremonies for hundreds of years began residing for longer intervals.
Introduction
Authors: Jiménez Luis F.
Published: January 2019

This introduction begins by noting that migrants are effecting political change in their country of origin and then sets the book’s agenda, which aims to document the circumstances under which a change is most likely to occur. This chapter also provides statistics of the phenomenon and particularly compelling cases of individuals. The chapter provides a map for the reader of how the book will proceed and explains the author’s case selection and how he came to choose Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador for the case studies. It also sets out the relationship of the current work to the scholarly literature and underlines the ways in which this book is different.
Conclusion
Authors: Lindskoog Carl
Published: January 2019

The conclusion examines the United States’ detention practices in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the global spread of immigration detention that saw countries around the world constructing their own detention regimes from the United States’ model. It then conducts a brief examination of the problem that emerges at the intersection of state sovereignty and universal human rights; it closes with a survey of the contemporary movement against immigration detention, asking what future there might be for a world in which liberty and freedom of movement are treated as inalienable human rights.
Progress and Historical Reflection in Philosophy
Authors: Grundmann Thomas
Published: January 2019

What is the epistemic significance of reflecting on a discipline’s past for making progress in that discipline? The author assumes that the answer to this question negatively correlates with that discipline’s degree of progress over time. If and only if a science is progressive, then what people have thought and argued in the past in that discipline ceases to be up to date. This chapter distinguishes different dimensions of disciplinary progress and subsequently argue that veritic progress, that is, collective convergence to truth, is the most important dimension for disciplines with scientific ambitions. It then argues that, on the one hand, veritic progress in philosophy is more significant than many current philosophers believe, but that, on the other hand, it also has severe limitations. The author offers an explanation of these limitations that suggests that the history of philosophy should play some role, though only a minor one, in systematic philosophy.
The Alienation Effect in the Historiography of Philosophy
Authors: Perler Dominik
Published: January 2019

It has often been said that we should enter into a dialogue with thinkers of the past because they discussed the same problems we still have today and presented sophisticated solutions to them. I argue that this ‘dialogue model’ ignores the specific context in which many problems were created and defined. A closer look at various contexts enables us to see that philosophical problems are not as natural as they might seem. When we contextualise them, we experience a healthy alienation effect: we realise that problems discussed in the past depend on assumptions that are far from being self-evident. When we then compare these assumptions to our own, we reflect on our own theoretical framework that is not self-evident either. This leads to a denaturalisation of philosophical problems—in the past as well as in the present. The author argues for this thesis by examining late medieval discussions on mental language.
EVALUATION OF WEBSITES OF IT COMPANIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IT BEGINNERS
Authors: Ivanov Branislav , Jevtić Milena , Stanujkić Dragiša , Karabašević Darjan , Smarandache Florentin
Published: January 2019

The Internet has brought almost limitless possibilities for the promotion of services and products and thereby caused a significant change in the world. It also allowed beginners to get more important information about their future jobs. Based on this idea, the research and writing of this work began. In this paper, we investigate how much IT companies' websites provide information on company products, used technology and relationships with employees. The paper presents a multicriteria model for evaluating IT companies' websites from the point of view of young IT experts.
TOURIST OBJECTS ОF ALEKSANDAR ĐOKIĆ, AN ARCHITECT: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STYLE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Jevtović Aleksandra
Published: January 2019

Facilities intended for tourist accommodation and dining are an integral part of the tourism system. In addition to the role of providing certain services, architectural objects can also have the status of cultural attractions of a particular destination. The architectural objects of the famous artists are part of the cultural heritage, and according to their stylistic characteristics, they can be viewed as part of the worlds or national cultural heritage. Architect Aleksandar Đokić was famous Serbian architect and one of the most productive creators of his time. In his rich opus, numerous facilities are intended for use within the tourism system framework. Regarding author’s unique expression, which was created under the impact of various influences, we distinguish holders of international and national stylistic characteristics within his works. The aim of this study is to illustrate interdependence of the architecture of the tourist facilities and the ruling ideology, as well as their consequences on tourism, through the case study of four selected Đokić’s projects.
Conceptualising the audiobook experience
Authors: Have Iben , Pedersen Birgitte Stougaard
Published: January 2019

In this article we wish to introduce and discuss a theoretical framework for a possible conceptualisation of the differences between reading a printed book and listening to an audiobook. We tend to introduce similarities and differences between reading with the eyes and reading with the ears, implying that we should not discuss the audiobook experience as a remediation of the printed book experience only, but as an entirely different experience that could be conceptualised in continuation of mobile listening practises. As a methodological strategy we will emphasise the differences between the literary practices, reading with the eyes and reading with the ears. These different perspectives on reading are used to accentuate the distinct experiences, and future thorough analyses in continuation of this framework would appear much more complex and connected than in the present article.
Silencing the city?
Authors: Thibaud Jean-Paul , Amphoux Pascal
Published: January 2019

The notion of silence must be handled very carefully. In addition, its use reveals the way we deal with the urban environment as well as social life. What does the notion of silence convey about the current state of the urban sonic environment? How can we clarify the various meanings and the stakes involved in silence? Three themes are developed in order to answer these questions: silence as a research topic presents three complementary perspectives (acoustic, sociocultural, technological); silence as a polysemous notion emphasises the ideas of keeping quiet, tranquillity and pause; silence as a design issue relies on basic properties and principles in order to orient the design of the urban sonic environment.
The Tacit Grooves of Sound Art. Aesthetic Artefacts as Analogue Archives
Authors: Maier Carla J. , Schulze Holger
Published: January 2019

From the perspective of sound studies and media history this article explores approaches to analogue archives coming from the fi elds of sound art and media art. The authors analyse works of art by two contemporary artists from Berlin and Aarhus focussing on archival practices of storing and retrieving: Marianthi Papalexandri-Alexandri and Morten Riis. What is actually (not merely metaphorically) ‘stored’, ‘inscribed’ or ‘archived’ in and subsequently ‘retrieved’, ‘read’ or even ‘decoded’ from a certain sound artwork? From this starting point the individual artistic practices, the research strategies and the new and surprising ways of archiving and retrieving as invented and refi ned by Papalexandri-Alexandri and Riis are described and analysed. The observed artistic practices, the authors argue, converge in the direction of sonic affordances inherent in the material instruments or storage media: These affordances are stored and retrieved, as they represent the tacit grooves of sound art.
Mitochondrial DNA in human identification: a review
Authors: Amorim António , Fernandes Teresa , Taveira Nuno
Published: January 2019

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) presents several characteristics useful for forensic studies, especially related to the lack of recombination, to a high copy number, and to matrilineal inheritance. mtDNA typing based on sequences of the control region or full genomic sequences analysis is used to analyze a variety of forensicsamples such as old bones, teeth and hair, as well as other biological samples where the DNA content is low. Evaluation and reporting of the results requires careful consideration of biological issues as well as other issues such as nomenclature and reference population databases. In this work we review mitochondrial DNA profiling methods used for human identification and present their use in the main cases of human identification focusing on the most relevant issues for the forensic and medico-legal areas.
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for precise fatty acid profiling of oilseed crops
Authors: Chernova Alina , Mazin Pavel , Goryunova Svetlana , Goryunov Denis , Demurin Yakov , Gorlova Lyudmila , Vanyushkina Anna , Mair Waltraud , Anikanov Nikolai , Yushina Ekaterina , Pavlova Anna , Martynova Elena , Garkusha Sergei , Mukhina Zhanna , Savenko Elena , Khaitovich Philipp
Published: January 2019

Oilseed crops are one of the most important sources of vegetable oils for food and industry. Nutritional and technical properties of vegetable oil are primarily determined by its fatty acid (FA) composition. The content and composition of FAs in plants are commonly determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) or gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) techniques. In the present work, we applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) technique to FA profiling of sunflower and rapeseed seeds and compared this method with the GC-FID technique. GC-FID detected 11 FAs in sunflower and 13 FAs in rapeseed, UPLC-MS appeared to be more sensitive, detecting about 2.5 times higher number of FAs in both plants. In addition to even-chain FAs, UPLC-MS was able to detect odd-chain Fas. The longest FA detected using GC-FID was a FA with 24 carbon atoms, whereas UPLC-MS could reveal the presence of longer FAs with the tails of up to 28 carbon atoms. Based on our results, we may conclude that UPLC-MS has a great potential to be used for the assessment of the FA profile of oil crops.
Introduction
Authors: Fraiman Susan
Published: January 2019

Stages my argument over against left critiques of domesticity, which tend to privilege domestic ideology while overlooking non-conforming versions of “home.” Introduces the idea of “extreme” domesticities: the non-normative households of gender rebels; the marginal households of those dealing with dislocation and economic insecurity. Offers an extensive analysis of Luce Giard’s neglected study, “Doing-Cooking,” a model for appreciating the devalued, everyday domestic lives of women. Argues for Giard’s importance as a pioneer of everyday life studies alongside her more celebrated collaborator, Michel de Certeau.
Bad Girls of Good Housekeeping
Authors: Fraiman Susan
Published: January 2019

Proposes a “bad girl” tradition going back to the nineteenth century in which domestic zeal and expertise are linked to women who resist compulsory heterosexuality; who are childless, child-averse, or single mothers; whose domesticity does not preclude and may actually foster professionalism; whose homemaking is divorced from selfless marital/maternal duty and expressive instead of female self-sufficiency, ambition, and pleasure. Begins with a handful of early figures before turning to Dominique Browning’s Around the House and in the Garden: A Memoir of Heartbreak, Healing, and Home Improvement (2003) for a rich account of post-marital nesting. Concludes by touting Martha Stewart’s lifestyle empire as a brazen example of greedy and grandiose domesticity.
Conclusion
Authors: Kolozi Peter
Published: January 2019

Despite the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression conservatives have failed to express a sustained and substantive critique of capitalism. The conclusion will explore contemporary conservatives' attempts to intellectually address the economic crisis that began in 2007/08, the limits of conservatism to do so, and the ramifications on the American political discourse in general and conservative ideology in particular.
“It’s Not Just Us”
Authors: Randles Jennifer M.
Published: January 2019

This chapter offers a unique perspective on the healthy marriage policy efficacy debate about whether relationship skills program work. Although Thriving Families classes did not change couples’ views of marriage or help their finances, parents did overwhelmingly find the classes useful. While couples’ economic challenges made it hard to practice the skills, they experienced the classes as a rare opportunity to communicate free of the material constraints that characterized their daily lives and romantic relationships. Hearing other low-income couples talk about their struggles with love and money also normalized parents’ intimate challenges and allowed them to better understand how relationship conflict and unfulfilled hopes for marriage are shaped by conditions of poverty.
Normal Development and the Beginning of Human Life
Authors: Gilbert Scott
Published: January 2019

This chapter looks at the beginnings of embryonic development, the function of embryonic stem cells. The development of the human embryo strikes both scientists and laypeople alike with awe and mystery. However, there is no consensus among scientists as to when the fetus becomes a “person.” This chapter will discuss these various stages of development and why different groups of scientists reason that they might be the basis for “personhood.”
The Human Condition of Fear and Wonder
Authors: Gilbert Scott
Published: January 2019

The wonder of the body is celebrated, enhanced by our new knowledge of its origin. In wonder, we see the intertwined strands of curiosity and awe. The fear of the body is acknowledged. In this we have both the fear that we will not reproduce a biologically similar child, and the counter-fear, for the Earth, that the biosphere is being destroyed by our species’ over proliferation.
The “Feminist Economic Revolution”
Authors: Davis Joshua Clark
Published: January 2019

Chapter four investigates a wide range of businesses that feminists created in the 1970s, including credit unions, printing presses, bookstores, and mail-order catalogs. Arguing that male-controlled, American corporate capitalism was one of society’s most powerful perpetuators of sexism and patriarchy, feminist entrepreneurs believed their products and services offered women economic independence from men and publicized the cause of women’s liberation in the wider public. Feminist businesses were particularly interested in creating democratic workplaces with collectives and other participatory organizational models and they sought to operate storefronts as autonomous “free spaces” for their movement, as well as for women more generally. The decline of second-wave feminism would however prove very challenging to feminist businesses in the 1980s, as did the difficulties of operative collectives in the long term.
The Subjectivity of Nature
Authors: Miller James
Published: January 2019

Daoism proposes a radical reversal of the way that modern human beings think about the natural world. Rather than understanding human beings as “subject” who observe the “objective” world of nature, Daoism proposes that subjectivity is grounded in the Dao or Way, understood as the wellspring of cosmic creativity for a world of constant transformation. As a result the Daoist goal of “obtaining the Dao” offers insights into the ecological quest to transcend the modern, Cartesian bifurcation of subject and object, self and world. From this follows an ideal of human action not as the projection of agency onto an neutral, objective backdrop but as a transaction or mediation between self and world.
Liquid Ecology
Authors: Miller James
Published: January 2019

The Chinese term qi denotes flow of life through the cosmos, landscapes and bodies. Daoist metaphysics is not based on an understanding of things as solid substances. Confucian traditions emphasize the genealogical flow of life from one generation to the next. Daoist traditions emphasize the contextual flow of life between the body and the world understood as a complex, fluid process formed by the circulation of qi in a binary (yinyang) pattern of ebb and flow. Just as water flows in and through mountains, so also qi flows in and through human bodies, connecting the liquid vitality of the body to the liquid vitality of the landscapes it inhabits.
The Locative Imagination
Authors: Miller James
Published: January 2019

Schools of Daoist practice have traditionally been formed around specific mountain sites in China partly because Daoists value the experience of particular configurations of qi flowing through the unique topography of each location. This suggests that nature should not be understood as a generic, universal resource that is more or less the same everywhere. Rather Daoists have valued nature in particular ways in particular places for particular reasons. A problem in environmental ethics is whether to consider the “environment” as a cosmological universal, or as the sum of specific, local issues and practical problems. Daoism emphasizes the local, but as the way to approach the universal.
The Political Ecology of the Daoist Body
Authors: Miller James
Published: January 2019

The Daoist experience of the world in the body and the body in the world is fundamentally an aesthetic experience, but one that must be trained through disciplines of body cultivation. Daoist body cultivation traditions are thus relevant for the task of overcoming the bifurcation between body and world, and mind and body, two insights that are explored in relation to the contemporary phenomenology and embodied cognitive science respectively. The Daoist aesthetic experience is connected to community ethics based on the principle of producing the optimal flourishing of the body and the world.
From Sustainability to Flourishing
Authors: Miller James
Published: January 2019

An ecological civilization is one in which the social, cultural, and political order is rooted in the capacity of nature to promote the flourishing of the human species. The Daoist tradition offers four insights that can help promote this: (1) an aesthetics of flourishing founded on the practical experience of the world in the body; (2) an ethic of flourishing founded on the mutual porosity and vulnerability of the world and the body; (3) a politics of flourishing founded on a democracy of local contexts; (4) a spirituality of flourishing founded on religious themes of consumption, violence, death, and transcendence. Altogether this produces a vision of flourishing based on overcoming the modern dichotomies of self and world, matter and spirit, nature and culture.
Suspensions of Sex
Authors: Deutscher Penelope
Published: January 2019

Consider the discussions of capital punishment and death penalties by French philosophers Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida. Stages an intersection between the two philosophers in light of the fact that Derrida avoids the topic of biopolitics, and Foucault avoids the topic of sexual difference. Draws on the work of both to consider the special associations between woman and “life principles”, and to understand why these associations quickly take on a deadly or “thanatopolitical” register.
Judith Butler, Precarious Life, and Reproduction
Authors: Deutscher Penelope
Published: January 2019

Expands on a some rarely discussed mentions of embryonic life by Judith Butler. Suggests an extension of the concept of precarious life, so as to include a genealogy of the subject understood as specially responsible for life: including the “responsible reproductive subject.” The chapter ends with variants of on this responsibility which emerge in the context of contemporary reproductive technologies.
8 mm and the “Blessings of Books and Records”
Authors: Balsom Erika
Published: January 2019

This chapter unearths an untaken path of experimental film history. In the mid-1960s, Stan Brakhage, Bruce Conner, and Jonas Mekas were deeply invested in the possibility that 16mm experimental films might be made into 8mm reduction prints and made available for sale to home collectors. This chapter relates this little-known historical episode and questions what relevance this prioritization of access over quality might have for us in the contemporary moment, when these terms are once again embroiled in a fierce battle.
Bootlegging Experimental Film
Authors: Balsom Erika
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the ambivalence of the copy by examining the impact of low-quality, unauthorized digital bootlegs on the domain of experimental film, an area of practice that has historically exhibited a strong investment in medium specificity and the moral rights of the filmmaker. I confront these issues through a case study of Josiah McElheny’s The Past Was A Mirage I’d Left Far Behind (2010), a year-long installation at the Whitechapel Gallery in London that consisted of copies of historical abstract films taken from UbuWeb – an online repository of low-definition files posted without permission of the filmmakers – and projected onto prismatic screens.
A Cinematic Bayreuth
Authors: Balsom Erika
Published: January 2019

This chapter continues chapter six’s investigation in rarity beyond the limited edition through the example of Gregory Markopoulos and his dream of the Temenos. This chapter charts Markopoulos’s rejection of circulation and the development of the concept of the Temenos in his writings and correspondence from the late 1960s to its current incarnation: the quadrennial screenings of Eniaios (c.1947–91), an eighty-hour film cycle made to be projected only at the Temenos, that have taken place since 2004 at Rayi Spartias, a remote field in the Peloponnese.
The Pathway for Retronasal Airflow
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

Breathing out produces its own complex retronasal airflow patterns in the nose. We show how humans are adapted for retronasal smell compared with the dog and other animals. The nose pinch test proves that much of flavor comes from retronasal smell. Research suggests that the flow path for retronasal smell is enhanced in humans. We discuss tips for wine tasting.
Sight
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

We explain how light stimuli are transformed into responses of blue, green and red receptors in the retina, then how the visual pathway contains circuits that enhance contrast between different shapes and different colors. These circuits enable us to discriminate fine color differences especially in the reds that tell us so much about the wine. We also describe a famous experiment showing how wine color can fool a wine taster.
Retronasal Smell
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

We are not aware of internal “retronasal” smell of the volatile molecules released from the wine in our mouths and throats. Much of wine flavor is thus an illusion that it comes from the mouth rather than smell receptors in the nose. This chapter first gives a history of how the concept arose. Scientists in the 1970s and 1980s introduced the idea that smell is a dual sense, due to breathing in or breathing out. We discuss the controversy over whether the sensations are the same or different when aroma of wine comes outside from the glass (orthonasal) or inside from the mouth (retronasal).
Wine Tasting, Gender, and Aging
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

Does smell sensitivity, and by implication wine aroma sensitivity, vary with age and gender? Standardized smell tests enable these questions to be tested in large human populations. These tests show that smell sensitivity rises during childhood to a high level in the 20s, which is maintained until declining in the 70s and 80s. As usually assumed, women have a higher sensitivity than men. Odor memory follows a similar trajectory. There is current research on the factors that may be involved in the aging effects.
The Language of Wine Tasting
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

In this chapter we summarize an in depth analysis by two Bordeaux professors of enology of the methods that wine experts use to describe so many fragrances in wine. They studied the wine descriptions of thousands of wines by four wine experts to test the hypothesis that each used terms that might have some similar principles. The result was that they actually used a diversity of terms reflecting reflecting the distinct cognitive associations of each expert. The authors conclude that the main criterion for judging a wine for the experts was simple: was it “good” or not!
Vulgar Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Hanley Will
Published: January 2019

“Vulgar Cosmopolitanism” is a portrait of Alexandria’s urban society at the turn of the twentieth century. The chapter juxtaposes views of the city along two rival main streets: elite Rue de Rosette and popular Rue des Soeurs. It explores vernacular geographies of the city, and the categories that a largely illiterate population of newcomers developed to describe and navigate a complex social and legal landscape. It proposes the idea of vulgar cosmopolitanism—common, colloquial, unromantic—to describe the way that ordinary people got along in Alexandria.
Keywords
Authors: Hanley Will
Published: January 2019

This chapter presents a concise digest of the meanings of five general concepts in private international law: national, citizen, resident, foreigner, and subject. Like Raymond Williams’ Keywords, it sketches the etymology, translations, development, and shades of meaning of each term. This collection defines terms used in the chapters to follow, and is meant to enable more rigorous use of these terms in future studies of mixed societies.
Cosmopolitan Love
Authors: Shelden Ashley T.
Published: January 2019

Using Alain Badiou’s theories of universality and love, this chapter investigates the function of love in cosmopolitanism. Kunzru’s Transmission suggests that love can unite a global collectivity; however, love only does so to the extent that it universalizes the condition of not-being-united. Thus, Transmission visualizes the cosmopolitan world as a non-united unity. Ishiguro’s The Unconsoled takes up the question of cosmopolitan universalism in order to expose the self-difference that inhibits amorous and social relations. For both authors, cosmopolitanism cannot bridge gaps or emphasize sameness over difference; instead, cosmopolitan love institutes difference.
Introduction
Authors: Traverso Enzo
Published: January 2019

The introduction analyzes the historical context in which left-wing melancholy arises as a prismatic frame for rethinking the past: “presentism,” a dilated present that absorbs in itself both the past and the future. It corresponds to a neoliberal temporality that replaces twentieth century utopias with a spasmodic acceleration retreated into the boundaries of financial capitalism, deprived of any projection into the future.
A Living Transaction
Authors: Severs Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

WHEN DAVID Foster Wallace committed suicide on September 12, 2008, amid the tragedy one of the most surprising details to emerge was news of the project he had left unfinished: a novel on the unlikely subject of the Internal Revenue Service. Mentioning in its opening pages book-keeping’s “double-entry method” (...
New Deals
Authors: Severs Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

This chapter demonstrates the deep importance of Wallace’s collegiate study of U.S. economic policy, especially in the Great Depression, to his early short stories. What if, I ask, we locate Wallace’s “origins” not in the post-World War II moment or 1960s ironic postmodernism, but instead in the crash of 1929, a less predictable moment of cultural crisis in which he took a quieter but subsuming interest? Key elements that emerge in this chapter are the U.S. Treasury (surreally portrayed as the issuer of a post-gold-standard currency – and post-metaphysical meaning – in the uncollected gem “Crash of 69”) and, in “Westward,” the governmental remedies of social insurance and economic reconstruction in the New Deal. While attending more briefly to other stories in Girl With Curious Hair, this chapter also provides sustained readings of Dust-Bowl metaphysics in “John Billy” and Johnson’s Great Society in “Lyndon.”
Dante
Authors: Annovi Gian Maria
Published: January 2019

In chapter Two, I examine the thematization of authorial performance in La Divina Mimesis (Divine Mimesis, 1974). Composed over the course of several years, Divine Mimesis is Pasolini’s attempt to rewrite Dante’s Comedy and is comprised of drafts, working notes, tentative paratexts, and photographs. In it, Dante emerges as one of the most persistent and complex Pasolinian authorial personae, a model not only for his early realism, but also for his use of autobiography. Previous criticism of Divine Mimesis considered it a literary failure, or, at best, a metaphor for the shattering of authorial subjectivity. However, I argue that it is a pivotal work within Pasolini’s oeuvre, skillfully reinforcing the idea of an author in control of his work and even its reception. Divine Mimesis introduces us to an interpretative system in which authorship and the performance of an author failing in producing a cohesive text become central and explicit, producing a conception of identity as fluid, unfinished, or in the making.
Extreme Inequality in Income and Wealth
Authors: Venkatasubramanian Venkat
Published: January 2019

Chapter one provides a summary of the global trends in income inequality and ask what kind income distribution there ought to be, under ideal conditions, in a free market society. The chapter also raises three other fundamental questions regarding the fairness, stability and optimality of such a distribution. Since these questions cannot be answered by mainstream economic theories, or by econophysics, we outline the development of our novel theory to address them.
Foundational Principles of a Fair Capitalist Society
Authors: Venkatasubramanian Venkat
Published: January 2019

Chapter two provides an overview of the different political philosophy theories of a fair democratic capitalist society. Since these theories are qualitative, they don’t make quantitative predictions or answer the fundamental questions we raised in the first chapter. We therefore introduce and develop the outline of our theory based on systems engineering concepts.
Distributive Justice in a Hybrid Utopia
Authors: Venkatasubramanian Venkat
Published: January 2019

Chapter three developments the mathematical formalism that answers the four fundamental questions raised in Chapter 1. We utilize concepts and techniques from potential game theory to prove that the ideal free market will self-organize to reach an equilibrium state when an income distribution emerges naturally. We prove that this is a Nash Equilibrium.
Final Synthesis and Future Directions
Authors: Venkatasubramanian Venkat
Published: January 2019

In this final chapter, we briefly review the different strands of our theory, synthesize and express the unified framework as formal postulates, and clarify certain subtle issues. We discuss the significance of the parameters α‎, β‎ and γ‎. We also discuss the limitations of our theory, particularly with respect to the workings of a real-life free market, and outline future directions in both theoretical and empirical studies to develop our theory further.
Environment and Economy—No Conflict
Authors: Heal Geoffrey
Published: January 2019

The natural world matters greatly to economic performance: the economy and the natural world are strongly interdependent, and improving the natural environment improves economic performance directly. But nonetheless economic activity is seriously damaging the environment. There are four reasons for this, all connected with clearly identifiable shortcomings of our economic system – failure to charge for external costs, failure to manage common property, failure to recognize and value natural capital, and failure to properly evaluate economic performance. Subsequent chapters develop these points.
Measuring What Matters
Authors: Heal Geoffrey
Published: January 2019

Measuring and evaluating economic performance is challenging, and the current standard measure, gross domestic product, fails the challenge. It doesn’t capture many aspects of economic performance that are important to human welfare, and totally fails to reflect any concept of sustainability. To ask about sustainability is to ask whether our societies can continue as they are, and for a variety of reasons the answer is clearly no. We have ways of measuring sustainability, and we must adopt these as ways of evaluating our economic performance.
Survival
Authors: Martin Theodore
Published: January 2019

Chapter 5 reads end-of-the-world fiction as a window onto the temporal and political paradoxes of survival. I argue that the very notion of survival skills acquires new meaning in a neoliberal era where life has become indistinguishable from work, and where stable work has become harder to protect. Reading novels by Colson Whitehead, Ben Marcus, Cormac McCarthy, and Joshua Ferris, I show how the essential monotony of the post-apocalyptic genre offers a crucial formal strategy for depicting the laborious yet precarious conditions of postindustrial work.
Homo Habilis
Authors: Torrey E. Fuller
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes Homo habilis and its lifestyle. It clearly was smarter that the hominins that had preceded it, and also had a larger brain. The brain of Homo habilis is then described in detail, and reasons suggested why it increased in size.
Early Homo Sapiens
Authors: Torrey E. Fuller
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes Early Homo sapiens who lived about 100,000 years ago. Behaviorally, they were the first hominins to decorate themselves and wear fitted clothing. They also migrated across the world, including reaching Australia over water. Cognitively it appears that they had developed a second order theory of mind that we call introspection. Their brain had probably especially developed in the areas known to be associated with this cognitive trait.
Ancestors and Agriculture
Authors: Torrey E. Fuller
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes what has been called “the first human-built holy place”, probably used for ancestor worship. At the same time modern Homo sapiens began domesticating plants and animals and coming together to form villages and towns. As ancestor worship became more formalized “skull cults” emerged. As population increased, the ancestors were assigned places in a hierarchy with the highest eventually emerging as the first gods.
Governments and Gods
Authors: Torrey E. Fuller
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes the gods in Mesopotamia, from where we have the first written records. The gods initially had responsibility for life (e.g. food production) and death (e.g. the afterlife) matters but later they acquired additional responsibilities for social and political affairs. The emergence of gods in other areas of the world is then described. As populations further increased, their worship became more formalized and, during the axial age, the major religions were formed.
Other Theories of the Origins of Gods
Authors: Torrey E. Fuller
Published: January 2019

The concluding chapter compares the evolutionary theory of the emergence of gods with the major alternate theories. These include social; prosocial behavior; psychological and comfort; pattern-seeking; neurological; and genetic theories. Finally, it is asked whether the emergence of gods was adapationist and evolutionarily advantageous or whether it was merely a by-product of evolution.
Exploration of CTCF post-translation modifications uncovers Serine-224 phosphorylation by PLK1 at pericentric regions during the G2/M transition
Authors: Del Rosario Brian C , Kriz Andrea J , Del Rosario Amanda M , Anselmo Anthony , Fry Christopher J , White Forest M , Sadreyev Ruslan I , Lee Jeannie T
Published: January 2019

The zinc finger CCCTC-binding protein (CTCF) carries out many functions in the cell. Although previous studies sought to explain CTCF multivalency based on sequence composition of binding sites, few examined how CTCF post-translational modification (PTM) could contribute to function. Here, we performed CTCF mass spectrometry, identified a novel phosphorylation site at Serine 224 (Ser224-P), and demonstrate that phosphorylation is carried out by Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). CTCF Ser224-P is chromatin-associated, mapping to at least a subset of known CTCF sites. CTCF Ser224-P accumulates during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle and is enriched at pericentric regions. The phospho-obviation mutant, S224A, appeared normal. However, the phospho-mimic mutant, S224E, is detrimental to mouse embryonic stem cell colonies. While ploidy and chromatin architecture appear unaffected, S224E mutants differentially express hundreds of genes, including p53 and p21. We have thus identified a new CTCF PTM and provided evidence of biological function.
The Teahouse under Socialism
Authors: Wang Di
Published: January 2019

This book explores urban public life through the microcosm of the Chengdu teahouse. Like most public spaces, the teahouse was and still is an enduring symbol of Chinese popular culture, stemming back centuries and prevailing through political transformations, modernization, and globalization. The time period covered begins basically with the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949-50, goes through the end of the Cultural Revolution and into the post-Mao reform era. We see clearly that the role and importance of the teahouse changed abruptly, going from severe constriction in its operations to a time when public spaces flourished unrestricted. During the Mao era, the state achieved tight control over society generally, and it was able to penetrate to the very core of society in order to control almost all its resources. Thus, the spaces usually available for sociality and for the natural development of social activities were sharply limited. The post-Mao economic reforms were a turning point in public life because everyday life was dominated by sweeping “open-market” economic reforms that were structured within a unique type of socialist political system, and to a significant degree public life moved away from state control. This book can enhance our understanding of public life and political culture in Chengdu under the Communist state, with its political needs and agendas; from there we may reflect on the situation of other Chinese cities.
Genome-wide characterization and expression analyses of the MYB superfamily genes during developmental stages in Chinese jujube
Authors: Qing Ji , Dawei Wang , Jun Zhou , Yulan Xu , Bingqi Shen , Fan Zhou
Published: January 2019

The MYB transcription factor (TF) superfamily, one of the largest gene superfamilies, regulates a variety of physiological processes in plants. Although many MYB superfamily genes have been identified in plants, the MYB TFs in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) have not been fully identified and characterized. Additionally, the functions of these genes remain unclear. In total, we identified 171 MYB superfamily genes in jujube and divided them into five subfamilies containing 99 genes of the R2R3-MYB subfamily, 58 genes of the MYB-related subfamily, four genes of the R1R2R3-MYB subfamily, one gene of the 4R-MYB subfamily, and nine genes of the atypical MYB subfamily. The 99 R2R3-MYB genes of jujube were divided into 35 groups, C1–C35, and the 58 MYB-related genes were divided into the following groups: the R-R-type, CCA1-like, I-box-binding-like, TBP-like, CPC-like, and Chinese jujube-specific groups. ZjMYB genes in jujube were well supported by additional highly conserved motifs and exon/intron structures. Most R1 repeats of MYB-related proteins comprised the R2 repeat and had highly conserved EED and EEE residue groups in jujube. Three tandem duplicated gene pairs were found on 12 chromosomes in jujube. According to an expression analysis of 126 ZjMYB genes, MYB-related genes played important roles in jujube development and fruit-related biological processes. The total flavonoid content of jujube fruit decreased as ripening progressed. A total of 93 expressed genes were identified in the RNA-sequencing data from jujube fruit, and 56 ZjMYB members presented significant correlations with total flavonoid contents by correlation analysis. Five pairs of paralogous MYB genes within jujube were composed of nine jujube MYB genes. A total of 14 ZjMYB genes had the same homology to the MYB genes of Arabidopsis and peach, indicating that these 14 MYB genes and their orthologs probably existed before the ancestral divergence of the MYB superfamily. We used a synteny analysis of MYB genes between jujube and Arabidopsis to predict that the functions of the ZjMYBs involve flavonoid/phenylpropanoid metabolism, the light signaling pathway, auxin signal transduction, and responses to various abiotic stresses (cold, drought, and salt stresses). Additionally, we speculate that ZjMYB108 is an important TF involved in the flavonoid metabolic pathway. This comprehensive analysis of MYB superfamily genes in jujube lay a solid foundation for future comprehensive analyses of ZjMYB gene functions.
Art Classrooms, Comic Markets, and the Digital Cosmos: Children's Visual Worlds as Pedagogical Spaces
Authors: Wilson Brent
Published: January 2019

Young people create visual culture in three pedagogical spaces. The first space is self‐initiated; they make drawings and other visual artifacts to create symbolic worlds. In the second pedagogical space, teachers direct students to produce and study visual culture to meet societal goals. The third visual pedagogical space includes a great variety of nonobligatory collaborations between adults and young people at the margins of schooling, in Asian comic markets, and on the internet, where children and teenagers use available digital technologies for their own purposes. Pedagogical third spaces have the features of fully functioning art worlds, including artworks and visual artifacts that provide knowledge about human conditions and aspirations. Assisting young people to understand the ways they might live their present and future lives well and successfully in various art worlds based on an understanding of the three pedagogical spaces should be a principal goal for visual arts education.
Journaling in Art Education
Authors: James Gordon “Gerry”
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on the use of journaling in the visual art education classroom. The introduction seeks to clarify the definition of the journal and trace the recent history of its use in common culture. The body of the writing describes the use of journals in education, specifically in the visual arts classroom. Finally, the chapter offers suggestions as to how journals could improve the assessment of visual arts learning in the near future.
Applied Visual Arts
Authors: Coutts Glen , Jokela Timo
Published: January 2019

This chapter traces the development of applied visual arts (AVA), specifically in a program at the University of Lapland in Finland. It examines context‐driven model of art and arts‐infused education as it is practiced in Northern Europe. The title of the program – Applied Visual Arts – is indicative of its aims. Visual arts are applied in a context‐sensitive, ethical, and sustainable way. The core values of AVA include participation, engagement, collaboration, and innovation. In this model of arts education, training focuses on developing the ability to work with a wide range of collaborators, normally in community‐based situations. The chapter includes two examples of projects to show how AVA principles work in practice. It describes the background to AVA and discusses how it operates in a space of practice somewhere between art, design, education, and social work to consider how the operational methods developed by AVA may provide innovative tools for learning. It concludes with some thoughts about future directions.
Visual Aesthetic Education Pedagogy inTaiwan
Authors: Chen Jo Chiung Hua
Published: January 2019

Starting in 2013, a curriculum‐reform pilot project, Visual Aesthetic Education (VAE) Teaching and Learning, sponsored by the Taiwanese Ministry of Education, took the lead in focusing on shaping the visual capacities of high school students (aged 13–18). In this project, six visual formal elements acted as core lesson themes; these were proportion, color, texture, composition, structure, and construction. These six visual formal elements acted as scanning tools through which students could explore media, images, and a variety of objects based in the school context. The curriculum content integrated artworks and artifacts from the art world and from daily life. From October 2013 to June 2015, 148 art teachers from school districts across Taiwan participated in this pilot study, which lasted 18 weeks and totaled 36 teaching hours. These teachers' teaching portfolios were later collated into a group exhibition. From the exhibition, as the chair of this project, I found that VAE pedagogy empowers both students and teachers in aesthetic discernment.
Toward an Artful Pedagogy: Moving beyond Conventional Teaching Practice
Authors: Snider Amy Brook
Published: January 2019

Drawing upon insights and projects from the author's long experience as an educator and administrator, this chapter provides a trajectory of the development of an artist‐teacher. The author suggests that the elements of her pedagogy – reflection, story, collaboration, and research across genres – are the stuff of her artistry.
Art and Design Education inBotswana: Evolution and Developmental Trends
Authors: Mannathoko Magdeline C.
Published: January 2019

Art has been in practiced in Botswana since time immemorial, as evidenced by the Basarwa rock paintings scattered across the country and the practice of various craft activities. The entry and enhanced position of art in the school system are recent phenomena. This includes art and design being taught under the integrative Creative and Performing Arts (CAPA) curriculum at the primary school level. While the subject has been marginalized for a long time, developments have taken place in recent years in the Botswana education system. This chapter examines developments and reforms in the subject over recent years. It includes a review of policy shifts aimed at strengthening the position of the subject at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Of particular note is the inclusion of CAPA in primary schools. The chapter also interrogates challenges encountered in such curricula reformation attempts.