bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Troble Maker Pada Anak PIAUD Dan Cara Menanganinya
Authors: Mufarochah Siti , Sonia Sonia
Published: August 2021

Every child has a lot of extraordinary potential, depending on how the parents hone and nurture it. Children have various hopes and beauties in them, but children can turn into Troble Maker if wrong care, bad environmental conditions, experiences during developmental times, bad relationships between parents, materially incapacitated, lack of attention to children, poor communication, parents are too busy with work, too much physical and psychological punishment. There are ways to deal with the Troble Maker child are some of the approaches, methods and steps. The approaches used are the Rational Approach, Emotional Approach, Functional Approach, Behavioristic Approach, Cognitive Approach, Humanistic Approach. The method used is the Uswah method, the method of advice, the habituation method, the Shawab method and `Iqab, social skills. For the steps used are as follows: Step of Discovery, Step of Understanding, Step of Living, Step of Practice, Step of Consolidation.
Manusia Ideal Dalam Prespektif Tasawwuf dan Filsafat (Studi Komperatis Pemikiran Ibnu Araby dan Nietsche Tentang Manusia)
Authors: Fithriyah Ainul
Published: August 2021

The variety of thoughts about the optimal attainment of human self and the satisfaction of human life is what may have made Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1868) deny all worldly phenomena. He saw that the world was full of suffering. Humans, as the supreme product of the basic activities of the world, are in fact the most unfortunate creatures. Therefore, humans will be able to achieve happiness when they are able to kill passions and cravings. Studies on the optimal achievement of humans and the meaning of human life from the two figures above, are still important and beneficial to do. Because the concept of the ideal human being is a model and example for us that we can emulate or maybe we can make it happen if we feel fit and believe in the truth. But the question might arise, is it still relevant to study the thoughts of long-dead figures such as Ibn Arabi and Neitzsche? in the opinion of the author, the study of their thinking is still relevant. Because in their thoughts are contained eternal pearls, and because of the peculiarity of each thought. This is evident if we pay attention today, where the thoughts of the two figures are still the subject of study in various countries, both in the West and the East. The works that examine Nietzsche's thoughts about the Ubermensch man include the work of Chairul Arifin, entitled The will to power: Briedrich Nietzsche. This book discusses Nietzsche's views on human beings and his anti-theism. These two thoughts are then connected by the author of this book with Nietzsche's main thought, namely the will to power. And in one of its chapters, the book also examines the concept of Ubermensch Nietzsche. Another work that addresses Nietzsche and Nietzsche's main ideas, including Ubermensch in a separate chapter is Nietzsche by St Sunardi. Besides that, there are other books. Of the books mentioned above and others to the best of the author's knowledge, there has never been found a work that specifically compares Ibn Arabi's insan kamil concept and Nietzsche's Ubermensch concept.
Otonomi Pendidikan Dan Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi Sebagai Jawaban Atas Realitas Kekinian
Authors: Yuliani Naning
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

                    The reform movement that wants a democratic social order in Indonesia has given birth to a national education system that is no longer centralistic. In a democratic education system, people are given the freedom to develop according to their abilities and potential. Recognition of the community to develop autonomously will spur the dynamics of society so that it becomes a developed society and science-powered. Thus, education autonomy will empower schools as the spearhead of the decentralization of education and encourage schools to improve quality in accordance with the potential of schools. Therefore, the government issued a school-based management policy and community-based education. along with the decentralized education system, it is necessary to apply a non-single curriculum that can be applied to all schools. A curriculum is needed that can be applied to schools according to the needs and abilities of the school. A single curriculum will encourage schools to increase creativity and high competitiveness so that superior and quality schools are born. In addition to the demands for decentralization, the national education system needs to be supported by a curriculum that can answer the current order, such as the demands of democratization, the challenges of the era of universalism, and the low quality of education in Indonesia. curriculum that can accommodate the demands of democratization will give birth to a new Indonesian society. namely civil society, fierce competition in the era of globalization requires a curriculum design that can lead the Indonesian people to achieve excellence in mastering science and technology. The low quality of education in Indonesia, one of which is due to curriculum patterns that are not able to equip students with life skills that shape creative, critical, independent and productive attitudes. Today's demands have given birth to a Competency Based Curriculum..
Management Pendidikan Berbasis Keunggulan Lokal
Authors: Mahfud Muhammad
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT                    Local Excellence (KL) is a process and realization of increasing the value of a regional potential so that it becomes a product /service or other work of high value, is unique and has a comparative advantage. The quality of the process and the realization of local excellence is greatly influenced by the available resources, which are better known as 7 M, namely Man, Money, Machine, Material, Method, Marketing and Management. The concept of developing local excellence is inspired by various potentials, namely the potential of natural resources (SDA), human resources (HR), geographical, cultural and historical. Natural resources (SDA) are the potential contained in the earth, water, and aerospace that can be utilized for various life purposes. Human resources (HR) are defined as humans with all the potential they have that can be utilized and developed to become social creatures that are adaptive and transformative and able to utilize the natural potential around them in a balanced and sustainable way. Geographic objects include, among others, formal objects and material objects. Culture is attitude, while the source of attitude is culture. Local excellence in historical concepts is historical potential in the form of relics of ancient objects and traditions that are still preserved today.
Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (Konsep dan Implementasi)
Authors: Anarisa Anarisa
Published: August 2021

Efforts to improve the quality of education by conducting curriculum development are a necessity, because there are a number of pillars as well as the direction of the implementation of education in schools. In accordance with global demands ahead of the enactment of AFTA (Asean Free Trade Area) and AFLA (Asean Free Labor Area) the demands of the education world are increasingly complex. The world of education is required to be able to produce skilled workers who are able to exist and survive in this global development. because to meet the demands of these developments, improvement and renewal of various components of education especially the educational curriculum becomes an urgent thing to do, because in reality the 1994 curriculum was no longer relevant to deliver students to be able to compete with the global development of society for the government through the Ministry of National Education in academic year 2004/2005 will provide a new curriculum called the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) with a variety of studies and planning that is expected to be able to produce quality HR and be able to answer the global challenges of society.
Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Manajerial Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Melalui TQM
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

One of the important challenges of Islamic educational institutions today is the weak managerial quality of the institution. This article will discuss Total Quality Management (TQM) in educational institutions, how to improve the quality of educational institutions that are managed. TQM is a management approach that can be applied in Islamic education institutions to be more effective in managing their educational resources. TQM is also called integrated quality management because it departs from efforts to improve quality in an integrated manner, covering quality, energy, infrastructure, management, and graduates.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Melakukan Operasi Hitung Pecahan Pelajaran Matematika Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Teknik Permainan Kartu Bagi Siswa Kelas V Mi Maarif NU Nurul Ulum Bulurejo Benjeng
Authors: Hudah Nur
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Based on the author's experience in the field, many failures in the mathematics learning process faced by all students. Students feel bored, lazy and boring when faced with learning mathematics. To deal with such problems, the efforts made by the teacher are to arouse student learning motivation. Some things that can be done by the teacher so that learning mathematics becomes fun is to try various models and techniques in learning. One of the learning models used is cooperative learning of card game techniques. The problem examined in this study is how is the effort to increase the ability of students to perform fraction counting operations with cooperative learning of card game techniques? while the purpose of this study was to determine the ability to perform fraction counting operations after the application of cooperative learning in card game techniques. The researcher used Classroom Action Research which was conducted in two cycles or 2 rounds. Each cycle consists of planning, observation, reflection and discussion. The target of the research carried out is MI Ma'arif NU Class V Students Nurul Ulum Bulurejo Benjeng. The data obtained is the result of teacher observation, student activity data, and evaluation test results data. From the results of the analysis it was found that the increase in students' ability to perform fraction counting operations that can be seen from the evaluation test data. Obtaining results in cycle 1 with an average value of 63.6 or 60% completeness in cycle II the average value of students to be 91.44 or reach 92%. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that cooperative learning methods can improve
Anak Berhadapan Hukum Dalam Perspektif Restorative Justice
Authors: Pristiwiyanto Pristiwiyanto
Published: August 2021

Children are the mandate and blessings of God Almighty, which is inherent in their dignity and dignity as whole human beings. A country representing an institution / institution that is responsible for meeting the financial needs of its people should be able to make a budget that can realize the protection and welfare of children in the form of good health protection from philosophical aspects, right from sociological aspects, and correct from normative aspects of solving and protection of children in conflict with the law. Children who are dealing with the law are very vulnerable to handling that is not in accordance with the child's psychology or psychology. To decide the need for conflict with children to correct cases of crime / conflict with the law. Crimes are against the law Crimes are often followed up by experts Criminal prosecutions of double-edged double-edged swords or there are other debates saying the murder law will slice their own flesh wrong compilation in its application. the laws that children do often cause legal problems. Law enforcement officials are often absent in the action against lawsuits committed by children. Regulations taken in handling cases of children are often distorted and not involved by the authorities in the field, so it happens with children's rights and does not damage the child's future.
Bermain Sambil Belajar: Permainan Tradisional Sebagai Media Penanaman Nilai Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Syamsurrijal Arif
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The world of children is a world of play. So, using games for the learning process is the right thing to do. There are quite a number of games to choose from, but traditional games have their own uniqueness, especially Indonesia which has quite a lot of traditional games. The game is an ancestral heritage that contains many moral values. Besides being fun, this game is also a medium for internalizing noble values that should be preserved. This short article is a descriptive article that explains how the games that are now starting to be abandoned by today's children have a lot of things that we need to keep and take care of.
The Nature Of Leadership
Authors: Zamroji Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Leader merupakan salah satu intisari, sumber daya pokok dan titik sentral dari setiap aktivitas yang terjadi dalam suatu organisasi ataupun perusahaan. Kreativitas dan dinamikanya seorang leader dalam menjalankan wewenangnya akan sangat menentukan apakah tujuan organisasi atau perusahaan tersebut dapat tercapai atau tidak.  Hal yang perlu di tekankan adalah bahwa tidak selamanya manajer buruk dan leader adalah baik.  Metode penelitiannya adalah studi kepustakaan (Library Research) yaitu studi kepustakaan.  Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah metode dokumentasi.  Teknik analisa data yang digunakan   content analysis adalah metodologi penelitian dari sebuah dokumen. Kajian isi adalah teknik penelitian yang dimanfaatkan untuk menarik kesimpulan yang replikatif dan sahih dari data atas dasar konteksnya. Hasil Penelitiannya adalah Kepemimpinan didefinisikan secara luas sebagai proses mempengaruhi, yang mempengaruhi interpretasi mengenai peristiwa-peristiwa para pengikut, pilihan dari sasaran-sasaran bagi kelompok atau organisasi, pengorganisasian dari aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut, motivasi dari para pengikut, untuk mencapai sasaran, pemeliharaan hubungan kerja sama dan teamwork serta perolehan dukungan dan kerjasama dari orang-orang yang berada di luar kelompok atau organisasi. Gaya kepemimpinan merupakan hasil interaksi antara pemimpin dan orang-orang yang dipimpinnya dalam berbagai keadaan yang mempengaruhinya. Gaya kepemimpinan yang menggambarkan perilaku dalam interaksi tersebut, bila dihimpun berdasarkan kesamaannya yang dominan, akan menghasilkan berbagai tipe kepemimpinan yang tetap terlihat meskipun kondisi yang mempengaruhinya berubah-ubah, karena bersifat insedental. Adapun gaya kepemimpinan yang pokok atau dapat juga disebut ekstrem ada tiga macam yaitu: 1) Kepemimpinan yang otokrasi . Tipe ini menempatkan atau menunjukkan kekuasaan pada satu orang. 2) Kepemimpinan Demokratis. Kepemimpinan gaya ini lebih berorientasi pada manusia dan memberikan bimbingan yang efisien pada bawahan. 3) Kepemimpinan Laissez Faire (bebas). Pada gaya kepemimpinan ini pemimpin tidak memimpin, dia hanya membiarkan kelompoknya berbuat semaunya sendiri.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karaktermelalui Koperasi Jujur Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Sunan Ampel Sidoraharjo Kedamean Gresik
Authors: Khusnan Ach
Published: August 2021

Pendidikan karakter merupakan sebuah usaha sadar untuk mendidik peserta didik agar dapat mengambil keputusan dengan bijak dan memperhatikannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sehingga mereka dapat memberikan kontribusi yang positif kepada lingkungannya. Membina nilai kejujuran dikalangan peserta didik memerlukan keterlibatan lembaga pendidikan, sekolah utamanya bertanggung jawab terhadap pengembangan karakteristik siswa yang didalamnya dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai aktivitas pembiasaan, sebagaimana yang ditterapkan melalui koperasi jujur. Koperasi jujur merupakan suatu koperasi tanpa penjaga, pembeli mengambil sendiri produk yang diinginkan, membayar ditempat yang telah disediakan, dan apabila memerlukan kembalian konsumen dipersilahkan untuk mencari sendiri di kotak uang yang ada. Jadi dengan adanya contoh nyata dari perilaku jujur maka siswa akan dengan mudah memahami kejujuran itu sendiri.
Proteksi Dini Anak Terhadap Sisi Negatif Media Sosial
Authors: Arif Abdullah
Published: August 2021

Seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi, mentalitas generasi Islam menjadi PR besar bagi setiap orang tua maupun para pendidik. Bukan sekedar membentuk mentalnya yang siap menghadapi kemajuan teknologi, namun juga membentuk generasi yang mampu untuk mensikapi, memilih dan mentransformasi kemajuan teknologi menjadi media pembelajaran yang Islami. Tahapan perjalanan kehidupan memberikan gambaran bahwa dalam pembentukan karakter, pemberian materi pembelajaran maupun pemberian kebebasan menentukan pilihan juga memiliki tahapan penyesuaian. Masa periode anak yang belum mampu membedakan positif dan negatif untuk dirinya, masih lemah dalam mengendalikan nafsunya, tidak benar jika dibiarkan menentukan pilihan hidupnya. Demikian juga tidak benar jika diberikan kebebasan terjun dalam ilusi kehidupan yang penuh dengan keburukan meskipun juga terdapat banyak kebaikan, karena memiliki potensi besar dalam salah menentukan pilihan. Pembentukan pemikiran dan pembiasaan perbuatan yang baik adalah asas utama dalam pendidikan Agama Islam untuk membentengi diri di dalam menjalani kebebasan pemikiran dan kebebasan pergaulan. Citra rasa yang terbentuk karena kebiasaan berbuat baik akan menjadikan seseorang cenderung memilih kebaikan dan meninggalkan kejahatan meskipun belum mengetahui dasar hukumnya.
Thematic Based Private Vocational School Learning Chomparison Analysis In One Sheet Lesson Plan
Authors: Sufiyanto Mohammad Imam , Roviandri Roviandri
Published: August 2021

The existence of new policies in the field of education is often interpreted as having changed the curriculum even though this is a common thing. The point is how learning practices in schools will become better, more efficient, and more effective. Likewise with the policy of drafting a one-sheet RPP which was initiated the Minister of Education and Culture to help reduce the burden on teachers in the field implementing learning. In simple terms, actually several RPP pages that previously could be summarized/abstracted into just one-sheet, then select the components that are considered core and must exist. There are also other components that can be attached or even removed, because it could be implied and expressed in the existing core components. However, for prospective teachers, it is better if they continue to study the lesson plans with the full component version and then learn to abstract into one-sheet RPP.
The Role of Parents in Blended Learning Towards Student Character Values in The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lestaria Simvony Yusnita , Budi Santosa Agus , Nugroho Wahyu
Published: August 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic hampers the cultivation of character values ​​in students, therefore it is necessary for the role of parents in Blended Learning to instill character values. This research is a quantitative research with sampling technique using stratified proportional random sampling. The results of the Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed that the significance value of the parent's role was 0.157 > 0.05. The significance value for the student character is 0.280 > 0.05 so that the data is normally distributed. Test for linearity sig 0.305 > 0.05 so that the variables X and Y are linear. The results of the hypothesis test are 0.000 <0.05, and the Pearson Correlation value is 0.600, then Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So it can be concluded that there is a strong relationship between the role of parents in blended learning and the cultivation of character values ​​during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Insect Herbivores of Ferns along the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America
Authors: Poinar, Jr. George
Published: August 2021

Fifteen species of insect herbivores were discovered on ferns growing along the Pacific northwest coast of North America. These included insects from the orders: Diptera in the families Anthomyiidae, Cecidiomyiidae and Syrphidae: Lepidoptera in the families Erebidae, Tortricidae and Noctuidae: Hymenoptera in the family Tenthredinidae: Hemiptera in the family Aphididae and Coleoptera in the family Curculionidae.  The present study illustrates these associations that provides new world and North American host records of fern herbivores. The fossil record of these families is used to determine if the most ancient of these insects (dating from the Mesozoic) are now mostly restricted to ferns and the most recent ones (dating from the Cenozoic) are mostly polyphagous, feeding on ferns as well as various angiosperms.  Results indicate that the insect clades belonging to the most ancient families, such as Aneugmenuss and Strongylogaster in the Tenthredinidae and Dasineura and Mycodiplosis in the Cecidiomyiidae, appear to be monophagous on ferns.
SOIL FERTILITY: CHALLENGES TO SOYBEAN (𝘎𝘭𝘺𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘹 L.) PRODUCTIVITY IN CONSOLIDATED NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM
Authors: Kraft Elston , Oliveira Filho Luís Carlos Iuñes de , Maluche Baretta Carolina Riviera Duarte , Perreira Pierre Marcel , Spagnollo Evandro , Wildner Leandro Do Prado , Klauber Filho Osmar , Baretta Dilmar
Published: August 2021

The objective was to evaluate the relationship of soil fertility in areas with productivities gradients of soybean managed under no-tillage system (NT) in Western Santa Catarina, Brazil, and the interaction of this fertility with the physical and biological attributes of the soil. Areas with NT of High (NTH), Medium (NTM) and Low (NTL) soybean productivity were selected during the agricultural years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. In each system, a sampling grid of 3 × 3 points, positioned 30 m apart, was used. Univariate analysis of the data showed no difference between the systems. However, principal component analysis helped identify the attributes that can affect productivity. Redundancy analysis identified the influence of biological attributes on some soil nutrients. The explanation for higher soybean productivities in NT system should not consider just the chemical fertility of the soil, but a holistic approach to fertility.
A NEW SPECIES OF ERIOPHYID MITE FROM BRAZIL (Acari: Trombidiformes)
Authors: Mineiro Jeferson , Flechtmann Carlos
Published: August 2021

On a survey of plant mites in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, a vagrant eriophyid mite on the leaves of Luffa cylindrica was collected and proved to be new for Science. It is herein described and figured.
CITICOLINE AS A SUGGESTED NOVEL ADJUVANT FOR PAINFUL DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY
Authors:   Deparment of Neurology, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Gunawijaya Dico , Widyadharma I Putu Eka ,   Deparment of Neurology, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Wijayanti Ida Ayu Sri ,   Deparment of Neurology, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to review the effectiveness of citicoline as suggested adjuvant therapy for painful diabetic polyneuropathy based on evidences. Pain is one of the most common symptoms that make patients consult with a doctor, especially chronic pain. One of the examples is painful diabetic polyneuropathy, which prevalence is increasing by global development. Diabetic polyneuropathy is the most common cause of neuropathic pain caused by long-term complications of microangiopathy. Affect not only individual socioeconomic status but also the psychological aspect of the patient. Neuropathic pain is one of the most common causes of long-term disability. Some medicines already recommended as the drug of choice, but not all of them give maximum results. Adjuvant neuroprotector therapy is often considered to help manage painful diabetic polyneuropathy, such as citicoline, which has been proven in some studies. Painful diabetic polyneuropathy is very challenging because of its pathophysiology, which has not fully understood. The different mechanism of pain sensation is still unknown but it is thought that the oxidative stress after microangiopathy triggers the discharge of abnormal load from damaged neurons. Some analgetics have not given the expected result. Conclusion. Citicoline may be suggested as adjuvant therapy based on evidences with animal subject, but further studies with human subject are still needed.
Spectrum of clinical and FDG-PET patterns of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in a tertiary care hospital
Authors:   Neurology, SRIHER, Chennai, India, Shanmugam Sundar , Philo Hazeena P. ,   Neurology, SRIHER, Chennai, India, Chalasani Vamsi ,   Stroke Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, India, Ghosh Arindam ,   Narayana Superspeciality Hospital (NSH), Howrah, India, Venkatasubramanian Shankar ,   Neurology, SRIHER, Chennai, India, Easwaramoorthy Venkatachalapathy ,   Nuclear Medicine & PET CT, SRIHER, Chennai, India
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of cognitive impairment, behavioral changes and language deficits. in this study we assessed the clinical and FDG-PET characteristics of our patients and compared them with available international and Indian data on FTD. Methods. All patients were evaluated with a neuropsychological battery followed by 18F-FDG-PET scan, in addition to all necessary dementia work-up. Results. 15 FTD patients (m:f = 11:4) had a mean age of presentation of 67.4 (8.6) years, with a mean interval of 1.7 (0.7) years from the symptom onset to diagnosis. those with 10 or less years of education had an earlier presentation. a positive family history was present in 20%. The mean MMSE score was 18.8 (4.6). Disinhibition was the most common symptom seen in 60%. Apathy was less frequently noted. FDG-PET scan showed predominantly anterior cingulate and anterior temporal hypometabolism, with asymmetry in 67%. 2 cases diagnosed as fvAD had a revised diagnosis of bvFTD after FDG-PET scan. 1 patient of nfvPPA was mute at presentation with a history of agrammatism with hypometabolism in left inferior frontal and superior temporal regions. Conclusions. There were significant variations compared to international/Western literature, with later age of presentation, shorter interval from onset to presentation, lower MMSE scores, with disinhibition rather than apathy as the commonest symptom. FDG-PET showed similar areas of involvement but with less extensive hypometabolism compared to other studies with a lesser frequency of asymmetry. FDG-PET scan is a useful adjunct for evaluation of FTD patients.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH STATUS DURING LOCKDOWN PERIOD: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India, Punia Sonu , Mohini Mohini ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India, Sharma Shailja ,   Psychology, BLJS College, Tosham, Haryana, India, Singh Varun ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India, Joshi Shabnam ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
Published: August 2021

Objective. The aim of this research was access the effect of lockdown on the psychological health status of people. Methods. This was an online questionnaire survey developed and circulated among people using snow-ball sampling techniques from April to mid of June 2020. The online survey collected information on demographic data and psychosocial health elements. Results. This study included 604 peoples (59.1% were female and 40.8% were females) of Haryana. Of the total respondents, 57.6% were in age group of 18-30 years, 40.8% were in 31-45 years and 1.5% was in 45-60 years group. 90% of people have normal self- reported BMI, 6.5% were overweight, 3% were underweight and 0.5% people have obesity. 74% respondents were graduate, 11.5% postgraduate, 3.2% were PhD, and 9.2% were 12th pass. 31.8% were unemployed, 35.9% were student, 15.8% regular government employee, 4.7% were self- employed and 2.5% were adhoc/contract employee. 79.5% people reside in urban community and 16% in rural community and 4.5% in semi-urban area. Most of the respondents have agree with the statement that lockdown induced constant sense of insecurity (72.9%); anxiety (58.7%),psychological stress (66.4%); work & financial stress (52.4%), phobia of infection (50.9%); stigma towards symptomatic people, which might be because of simple flu (55.2%); stress from watching & listening COVID-19 news (38.6%); stress from practice of prevention measure (31.9%). Most of people also agree with that behavior-change modification (follow preventive regulations) can improve mental stress (53.2%). Conclusion. Majority of people has realized the lockdown have significant impact on psychological health status of people.
TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK AS THE INITIAL PRESENTATION OF TAKAYASU ARTERITIS IN A YOUNG WOMAN: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo, Boshnjaku Dren ,   Medical Faculty, “Hasan Prishtina” University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo, Jashari Fisnik ,   Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo,   Medical Faculty, “Hasan Prishtina” University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo, Gjikolli Bujar ,   Clinic of Radiology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo, Komoni Edmond ,   Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo,   Medical Faculty, “Hasan Prishtina” University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo, Pushka Melihate ,   Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo, Shala Argjend ,   Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo,   Medical Faculty, “Hasan Prishtina” University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo, Kukaj Vera ,   Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo,   Medical Faculty, “Hasan Prishtina” University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo, Shala Nexhmedin ,   Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo,   Medical Faculty, “Hasan Prishtina” University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
Published: August 2021

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a challenging chronic inflammatory vasculitis of large vessels with unknown etiology. It usually affects the aorta and its main branches and in few cases it affects other arteries like pulmonary and coronary. We report a case of a young woman with transient ischemic attack (TIA) as the initial presentation followed later by ischemic limb syndrome and then ischemic stroke. Lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers for this disease makes early diagnosis and treatment challenging.
A RARE CASE OF EXTRADURAL THORACIC SPINAL CHORDOMA WITH MEDULLARY COMPRESSION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Ene A. ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Petre Iulia Elena ,   Department of Neurology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Dabu A.N. ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2021

Background. Chordomas are low-grade, slow-growing, but locally invasive and aggressive malignant tumors, arising from the remnants of the embryonic notochord. Given its origin, the distribution of chordomas is along the axial skeleton: 50% of cases in the sacral region, 35% skull base and 15% occur in the vertebral bodies of the spine, which most commonly involve cervical (particularly C2), followed by lumbar, and then the thoracic spine. Without a prompt and aggressive treatment the chances of metastasis are low, but the local recurrence rate is high (about 50%) with a 40% chance of 10-year survival. Objective. Our purpose is to present a rare case of an extradural thoracic chordoma, the importance of differential diagnosis and the management of this case for a better outcome. Case presentation. A 61-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of thoracic back pain, followed by rapidly progressive paraparesis and paresthesia in both lower limbs, and 24 hour urinary retention. MRI of the thoracic spine revealed an contrast-enhancing lesion arising from T5 to T6 vertebral level, with pre and paravertebral extension and medullary compression. The diagnosis of chordoma was made by tissue biopsy and histopathological study. There are few reports of chordomas with this localization in English literature. After surgery, the patient showed slightly good clinical outcome in terms of improvement of muscle strength in lower limbs and back pain decrease in intensity of back pain. Conclusions. Primary chordoma in the thoracic spine is extremely rare (less than 15% of the cases). This case highlights the importance of emergency surgery in the treatment of spinal tumors and the need to consider chordoma as a differential diagnosis for extradural spinal tumors. On the other hand the treatment is challenging because the current literature is lacking in evidence based guidelines due to low incidence.
WHAT IS NEW IN DRAVET SYNDROME?
Authors:   “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Sur Lucia M. ,   Pediatrics Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca Romania, Gaga Remus ,   Molecular Biology Department, “Babes Bolyai“ University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Samasca Gabriel ,   “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,   Molecular Biology Department, “Babes Bolyai“ University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Aldea Cornel ,   Molecular Biology Department, “Babes Bolyai“ University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Sur Genel ,   Molecular Biology Department, “Babes Bolyai“ University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Lupan Iulia ,   Molecular Biology Department, “Babes Bolyai“ University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,   Interdisciplinary Researchş Institute on Bio-Nano-Science, “Babes Bolyai“ University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: August 2021

The pathology of Dravet syndrome is of particular importance in children. In this article we analyze the involvement of the SCN1A gene in Dravet syndrome, we approach the new treatment strategies in Dravet syndrome.
LUMBAR RADICULOPATHY MANAGED WITH SPINAL MOBILIZATION WITH LEG MOVEMENT: A CASE STUDY
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India, Singh Varun , Malik Manoj ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
Published: August 2021

Purpose. This report describes the case of prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc with radiating pain to leg managed with spinal mobilization with leg movement (SMWLM) combined with intermittent lumbar traction (ILT) and interferential therapy. Case presentation. Twelve treatment sessions carried out over 4 consecutive weeks thrice weekly consisting of spinal mobilization with leg movement, intermittent lumbar traction and interferential therapy. Outcome measures were documented by using Visual analog score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and range of straight leg raise (SLR) score. After 4 weeks, VAS improved by 7 points and ODI score improved by 19 points. Range of straight leg raise also increased significantly from 46.30 to 68.40. Conclusions. Spinal mobilization with leg movement combined with intermittent lumbar traction and interferential therapy resulted in decrease in disability and pain as well as improvement in range of straight leg raise. Therefore, it may be used as a first line of treatment with massive disc prolapse before surgical intervention.
THE EVALUATION OF UNILATERAL CLOSED-LIP SCHIZENCEPHALY ON COMPLEX MRI SEQUENCES
Authors:   Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, Turkey, Doğan Emrah
Published: August 2021

Schizencephaly is one of the rare cortical malformations that classify in the group of neurological migration defects. The appearance of the anomaly is in the form of a cleft that passes through the brain parenchyma. In mild types, the cleft does not reach the lateral ventricle. Demonstrating the presence of polymicrogyria, optimal evaluation of the cortex and determining the cleft trace are essential in the radiological evaluation of schizencephaly. Because differential diagnosis should be made with heterotopias and focal cortical dysplasia. We present a case of a 21-yearold female patient with closed-lip schizencephaly accompanied by MRI findings. Polymicrogyria is best detected in sagittal T2 sequences, while the difference of white matter and grey matter are well observed in T1 and FLAIR sequences. The benefit of diffusion-weighted images in schizencephaly is unclear. The ADC values of the grey matter adjacent to the cleft are close to the lower limit of normal. Susceptibility weighted image (SWI) sequence has no place in the evaluation of schizencephaly. It can be beneficial for the exclusion of vascular malformations, haemorrhage and differential diagnosis.
TRANSVERSE MYELITIS FOLLOWING COVID-19 INFECTION. WHAT IS THE MECHANISM? A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Alijani Babak , Saberi Alia ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Niyasti Parham ,   Department of Neurology, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran, Dogahe Mohammad Haghani ,   Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
Published: August 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak became one of the most global health challenges in the recent century. Transverse myelitis is a rare medical condition reported in few case reports following COVID-19 infection. We present a 63 years old female with post-COVID-19 transverse myelitis. The patient had paraplegia combined with autonomic symptoms and T4 sensory level. Initial treatment started with methylprednisolone. Since the patient did not respond to the prednisolone, plasmapheresis was considered for the patient. Unfortunately, the patient could not tolerate the plasmapheresis. We considered rituximab for the next plan, but unfortunately, the patient died due to respiratory failure. To date, there is no published study to evaluate different mechanisms of post/para COVID-19 transverse myelitis. However, the post/para COVID-19 transverse myelitis mechanism seems to be heterogeneous; the activation of a silent autoimmune disease can probably justify some unusual clinical presentations of a viral illness. Further studies are needed to categorize the underlying mechanisms of post/para COVID-19 transverse myelitis and effective treatments regarding the primary pathology.
THE CHALLENGING DIAGNOSIS OF DYSFERLINOPATHY – A CASE REPORT
Authors:   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Socoliuc Claudiu Gabriel ,   Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Oprişan Alexandra ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Dobrescu Amelia ,   Department of Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania, Manole Emilia ,   Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Cellular Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology Laboratory, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania, Bastian Alexandra Eugenia ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2021

Objectives. Dysferlinopathies are a group of rare genetic myopathies characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy with four distinct clinical phenotypes: Miyoshi myopathy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B, distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset and an intermediate proximo-distal phenotype. We report a case of dysferlinopathy and discuss relevant clinical, pathological and genetic data. Material and methods. We present the case of a 36 years old man with more than ten years history of progressive muscle weakness and atrophies in the distal lower limbs. He had a first clinical evaluation at the age of 24 years and a muscle biopsy was performed but it was inconclusive. On current admission, he presented with clinical suspicion of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, but because of increased serum creatine kinase levels and EMG (electromyography) findings of myopathy, another muscle biopsy was recommended. The muscle tissue obtained was analysed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot techniques, and also a genetic confirmation was recommended. Results. Based on morphological findings, electrodiagnostic study results and clinical context, the diagnosis of primary dysferlinopathy was established, supported by genetic data. Conclusions. The diagnosis may be challenging in these rare genetic myopathies, due to the high variability of phenotypes, ranging from asymptomatic hyperCKemia (high serum creatine kinase level) to a severe clinical picture with loss of ambulation. Repeated evaluation, increasing access to genetic testing and a multidisciplinary approach made an accurate diagnosis possible in our case.
CEREBRAL AND SYSTEMIC ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN MIGRAINE: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia, Adnyana I Made Oka , Dewi Valentina Tjandra ,   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Published: August 2021

Migraine still causes a high rate of disability and is reported to increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be one of the underlying mechanisms linking migraine and vascular disorders. Investigation of endothelial function in migraine includes a variety of examinations including biomarkers and ultrasonography-based studies. Several proposed biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction are endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), von Willebrand factor (vWF), nitric oxide (NO), tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (tPA antigen), C-reactive protein (CRP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is quite commonly used to reflect systemic endothelial dysfunction, while cerebral endothelial function can be assessed using breath holding index (BHI) on transcranial Doppler (TCD). The results of most studies in migraine sufferers indicate that endothelial dysfunction is found locally in the cerebral circulation, especially at the posterior circulation, while evidence for endothelial dysfunction in the systemic circulation remains controversial.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SPEECH DISORDERS. A META-ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
Authors:   Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, Romania, Cucu Camelia Daniela ,   Neurology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Golu Florinda ,   Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, Romania, Adam Andreea Raluca ,   Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2021

Objectives. The study aims to conduct a meta-analysis on the existence of solid experimental evidence to highlight the effectiveness of interventions in the improvement of speech disorders in patients who have suffered a stroke. It is desired to identify those moderating variables that can influence the effectiveness of these interventions over time, or that demonstrate the extent to which chronicity of stroke may lead to inferior results in speech improvement. Materials and methods. A search was conducted in three databases: Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PubMed, to identify those studies that meet the criterion for intervention, starting with the first records and until now. The qualitative analysis of the studies was performed using Risk of Bias, and the quantitative analysis through Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Results. As a result of selection, 31 randomized clinical studies were included in the current research, out of the 1923 existing studies. These have been the subject of investigation on aphasia and dysphagia, with a wide range of types and methods of intervention. The results show that the difference in averages between the intervention group and the post-test control group is a significant one (g = 0.528; 95% CI 0.067; 0.004; p = 0.000), while the moderation analysis did not record a statistical significance. Conclusions. Non-pharmacological interventions based on the recovery of speech disorders as a result of stroke have been shown to be effective in many of the researches in specialized literature. Their results show that, as a result of therapies, patients experience improvements in quality of life, communication and many psychiatric disorders. However, it is not clear how effective these interventions are in recovering or ameliorating speech disorders.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MIRROR THERAPY WITH REPETITIONS ON LOWER EXTREMITY MOTOR RECOVERY, BALANCE AND MOBILITY IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India, Verma Kritika , Kaur Jaspreet ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India, Malik Manoj ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India, Thukral Neerja ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
Published: August 2021

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of mirror therapy using motor imagery training on lower extremity motor functioning, balance and mobility in the patients after stroke. Material and methods. A randomized, controlled trial (RCT). Rehabilitation institutes and hospitals. 56 patients with stroke were adventitiously assigned into two different groups i.e., “Group A” (experimental group) and “Group B” (control group). The mean age of Group-A was 50.67 ± 11.18 years and Group-B was 49.16 ± 10.28 years without volitional ankle dorsiflexion. The post-stroke patients under experimental group received the comprehensive rehabilitation therapy along with the MT for LE. Participants received MT near 30 minutes in a day,6 days a week and continued for up-to 6 weeks. Whereas, the post-stroke patients under control group received the placebo therapy along with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy. For motor recovery Brunnstrom stages were used, to assess spasticity the Modified Ashworth Scale was used, for functional ability the Functional Ambulation Category was used and balance was assessed by Berg Balance Scale. Results. The experimental group after intervention showed remarkable changes in FAC (mean difference = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65-1.26, p = 0.000) and BBS (mean difference = 3.10, 95% CI = 3.21-4.88, p = 0.000) as contrasted to the control group. Conclusions. MT along with the conventional therapy is more effective to improve the balance, mobility and motor recovery as compared to only conventional rehabilitation therapy.