bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHALLENGES OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATORS IN THE NEW NORMAL MODE OF INSTRUCTION
Authors: Abon April Corazon G. , Tangonan Aimee Carol R , Wigan Minajoy B. , Guillermo Ronnie D.
Published: September 2024

Responses made worldwide in an attempt to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic like community lockdowns and community quarantines have caused disruption in the delivery of education. With the goal to sustain and provide quality education despite educational institutions being closed, the educational sector implemented the new normal educational policy. In the context of the new normal mode of instruction, with the teachers as key persons in its successful implementation, issues on whether they are facing problems and challenges in the process or not are triggered. The present study used the Phenomenological Analysis (PA) to explore challenges faced by early childhood educators in the new normal mode of instruction. Five early childhood educators teaching kindergarten from private and public schools were identified as key participants using purposive sampling and snowball technique guided by the following criteria: (a) have at least three years of experience as an early childhood educator; (b) have passed the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET); (c) currently teaching, and (d) willing to participate in the study. Researchers were guided with phenomenological analysis which includes playing of the recorded transcript, encoding, re-reading of the encoded transcript, developing emergent themes, and looking for patterns across cases. After reading and analyzing of data, four major themes emerged from data: (1) Teaching Modalities Difficulties (2) Time Management; (3) Insufficient Support of Parents in the Implementation of the New Mode of Instruction; and (4) Difficulty in the Assessment of Learners.
THE CULTURE OF EXCHANGING CHILDREN’S CLOTHES BETWEEN PARENTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Authors: Ali Mahmoud , Aroub Abdullah Qasti  , Maha Al-Dabbagh
Published: September 2024

This study explores the emerging trend of exchanging children's clothes as a sustainable practice and analyzes mothers' acceptance of this phenomenon. Using a descriptive analytical approach, the research surveyed mothers' attitudes towards this practice through a questionnaire. The found that a large majority (88.3%) of the mothers surveyed are aware of the practice of exchanging children's clothes, indicating that this concept is widely known among the participants. Moreover, the majority of mothers surveyed (83%) have engaged in the exchange of children's clothes with family or friends. This high level of participation suggests that this form of exchange is a common practice. The study underscores the need to boost awareness about the environmental benefits of such exchanges, given the typically brief usage span of children's clothes due to their rapid growth. It also proposes innovative strategies to enhance clothing exchange gatherings and advocates for instilling the principles of exchange and giving in the younger generation to reinforce the concept of sustainability in clothing.
LESSON STUDY AND ITS IMPACT ON PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF QUIRINO PROVINCE, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Romiro G. Bautista  , Hermenegildo F. Samoy, Jr.  , Dakila Carlo E. Cua  , Cynthia R. Indunan  , Karen Grace N. Celestino
Published: September 2024

Lesson Study, a professional development program, is acclaimed as an international good practice in leveraging the teaching-learning process particularly in reciprocating teachers’ development towards an optimized students’ participation and learning outcomes. This study is aimed at determining the general provisions of conducting LS along the professional development of the teacher-respondents in the locale of the study. Employing 223 classroom teachers and school heads in a DepEd-Division through Descriptive Research design, the following are known: The activities and procedures of LS are afforded very often. No significant differences were posted on the provisions of these activities and procedures when the respondents were grouped according to grade level taught, education, position while significant differences are noted when they are grouped by years in teaching; and LS impacts the respondents’ professional development (very high extent). High School teacher-respondents, holders of advanced studies, and the newer batch of teachers viewed LS study to impact their professional development better when compared to their counterparts. It was concluded that LS was conducted comparably in the elementary and secondary schools underscoring a very high extent of impact on the respondents’ professional development. Hence, a developmental plan was proposed to better the institutionalization and adoption of LS in the locale of the study.
Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Sorgum (Sorghum Bicolor [L] Moench) Terhadap Mutu Sensori Dan Karakteristik Fisik Kue Madeleine
Authors: Rizki Septiani Ade
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh substitusi tepung sorgum terhadap mutu sensori serta karakteristik fisik kue madeleine. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Pastry & Bakery program studi Pendidikan Tata Boga, Universitas Negeri Jakarta dengan metode penelitian ekperimen. Produk kue madeleine substitusi tepung sorgum 20%, 30%, dan 40% diujicobakan kepada 45 panelis pada aspek aroma sorgum, aroma lemon, warna permukaan, warna bagian dalam, rasa manis, dan remah. Sedangkan uji karakteristik fisik diujikan pada tingkat kelembutan kue madeleine. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis Kruskal Wallis, terdapat pengaruh substitusi tepung sorgum terhadap mutu sensori kue madeleine pada aspek aroma sorgum, warna bagian dalam, dan remah. Hasil uji Tuckey’s pada mutu sensori menunjukkan kue madeleine substitusi tepung sorgum 20% merupakan produk terbaik dalam aspek aroma sorgum dan warna dalam, sedangkan dalam aspek remah kue madeleine substitusi tepung sorgum 40% merupakan produk terbaik. Hasil rata-rata keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa kue madeleine substitusi tepung sorgum 20% merupakan produk dengan perlakuan terbaik pada mutu sensori. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis pada karakteristik fisik tingkat kelembutan (firmness) kue madeleine dengan uji Anova, terdapat perbedaan nyata pada setiap perlakuan substitusi tepung sorgum. Uji lanjutan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) menunjukkan bahwa kue madeleine substitusi tepung sorgum 30% dan 40% berada dalam rentangan standar hardness untuk produk butter cake. Berdasarkan uji mutu sensori dan uji karakteristik fisik kue madeleine substitusi tepung sorgum, dapat disimpulkan kue madeleine dengan perlakuan substitusi tepung sorgum 40% merupakan produk kue madeleine terbaik. Peneliti merekomendasikan produk kue madeleine dengan substitusi tepung sorgum sebanyak 40% yang dapat dikembangkan untuk produk inovasi cake sebagai langkah untuk optimalisasi penggunaan tepung sorgum.
Pengaruh Antara Pemberian Agar-Agar Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus) dan Agar-Agar Labu Siam (Sechium Edule) Dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi
Authors: Fauziyah Latifah Ismatul , Munir Miftahul
Published: October 2024

Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan ketika tekanan darah sistolik meningkat lebih dari 120 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik lebih dari 80 mmHg yaitu tekanan sistoliknya di atas 140 mmHg dan tekanan diastoliknya di atas 90 mmHg. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah pada kelompok yang diberi agar-agar mentimun dan agar-agar labu siam pada lansia penderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Wire Kabupaten Tuban. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain “True eksperimental”, dengan rancangan “Two Group Pre-test dan Post-test Design”. Sampel ini berjumlah 36 responden yang dibagi menjadi 18 kelompok agar-agar mentimun dan 18 kelompok agar-agar labu siam dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan alat ukur Tensimeter Stetoskop dan lembar observasi yang akan dianalisis menggunakan uji Paired T-Test dan Independent Sample T-Test. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji Paired T-Test didapatkan kelompok agar-agar mentimun tekanan darah sistol dengan nilai p-value 0,005<0,05 dan tekanan darah diastol dengan nilai  p-value 0,003<0,05  yang berarti H1 diterima dan Ho ditolak yaitu terdapat perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah sebelum dan sesudah diberi terapi agar-agar mentimun, sedangkan pada kelompok agar-agar labu siam tekanan darah sistol dengan nilai p-value 0,000<0,05 dan tekanan darah diastol dengan nilai p-value 0,002<0,05 yang berarti H1 diterima dan Ho ditolak yaitu terdapat perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah sebelum dan sesudah diberi terapi agar-agar labu siam. Dari uraian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian agar-agar mentimun dan agar-agar labu siam sama-sama efektif dalam menurunkan tekanan darah, namun terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara keduanya dilihat dari nilai rata-rata tertinggi adalah agar-agar labu siam.
Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Miskin di Kabupaten Jayapura Kecamatan Sentani
Authors: Kobak Setia Tia
Published: October 2024

Kondisi terbalik dialami oleh warga Orang Asli Papua (OAP )Port Numbay di Kota Jayapura. Meski masih banyak warga orang Asli Papua (OAP) yang perlu dan layak dibantu pemerintah melalui program Bansos dan PKH, namun nyatanya data OAP di Port Numbay Kota Jayapura yang menerima Bansos dan PKH tahap IV ini tidak sampai 1 persen dari jumlah penerima manfaat yang mencapai 22 ribu keluarga saat ini. Menuntut pelaksanaan dan penyaluran bantuan PKH dari pemerintah yang bekerja sama PT Pos Indonesia berjalan sesuai dengan jadwal penerimaan bantuan, menyadari semakin tingginya antusias masyarakat akan hak- haknya dalam menerima bantuan. Untuk mengambarkan bagaimana upaya untuk pelaksanaan program keluarga harapan di kecamatan Sentani Kabupaten Jayapura Papua untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat miskin, maka peneliti mengunakan penelitian kualitatif dimana langkah-langkah pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi dan wawancara serta dengan kalimat dan tabel yang mendalam serta informal dari lapangan. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa implementasi program keluarga harapan (PKH) di kecamatan Sentani ditujukan kepada masyarakat miskin khususnya di bidang pendidikan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Dimana penerimaan bantuan tersebut sifatnya khusus, berupa data masyarakat sesuai dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal ini di harapkan agar penerima bantuan PKH tepat sasaran. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan pendamping PKH di kecamatan Sentani adalah sebagai berikut : melakukan pemutakhiran data peserta PKH menghubungi kelompok peserta PKH . Mengadakan pertemuan pengembangan program dengan penyedia layanan.Namun, ada beberapa kendala yaitu kurangnya komunikasi dengan Kepala Desa dan masyarakat,adanya permainan orang dalam dimana jika mempunyai hubungan kekeluargaan dengan pendampin PKH baru bisa mendapatkan bantuan ,rumitnya pengurusan berkas bantuan membuat masyarakat miskin susah mendapatkan bantuan serta jarak dengan kampung masyarakat dan tempat mendapatkan bantuan
Otoritas Alkitab Pada Era Pascamodernisme Saat Ini
Authors: Nathaniel Halim Timothy
Published: October 2024

Otoritas Alkitab dalam era pascamodernisme menjadi topik yang semakin relevan, mengingat perubahan cara pandang terhadap kebenaran, otoritas, dan moralitas. Pascamodernisme menekankan relativisme, pluralisme, dan subjektivitas, yang sering kali berlawanan dengan pemahaman tradisional tentang Alkitab sebagai sumber otoritas absolut dan kebenaran yang objektif. Dalam konteks ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana otoritas Alkitab dipersepsikan, diinterpretasikan, dan diaplikasikan oleh umat Kristen di era pascamodern saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Data dikumpulkan dari para pemimpin gereja, teolog, serta jemaat dari berbagai denominasi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga meninjau literatur teologis dan filsafat yang relevan terkait pascamodernisme dan interpretasi Alkitab. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana pascamodernisme memengaruhi pandangan Kristen terhadap otoritas Alkitab dan bagaimana gereja menanggapi tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh filosofi ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ada peningkatan skeptisisme terhadap kebenaran absolut, banyak komunitas Kristen masih berpegang teguh pada otoritas Alkitab, meski dengan interpretasi yang lebih kontekstual dan fleksibel. Implikasinya, gereja-gereja perlu memperbarui pendekatan apologetis dan pendidikan teologi untuk relevan di tengah tantangan budaya pascamodernisme. Kesimpulannya, Alkitab tetap dianggap sebagai sumber otoritas bagi sebagian besar umat Kristen, tetapi pemahaman dan penerapannya kini lebih disesuaikan dengan konteks zaman.
Pengaruh Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Assets Turnover, Return on Assets, dan Firm Size Terhadap Price to Book Value
Authors: Mandalika Juni
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Return on Assets, dan Firm Size terhadap Price to Book Value. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 13 perusahaan kimia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019-2023. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 10 perusahaan yang dipilih berdasarkan purposive sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa debt to equity ratio berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap price to book value. Total assets turnover tidak berpengaruh terhadap price to book value. Return on assets berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap price to book value. Firm size berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap price to book value.
Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Gender
Authors: Yaqin Mokhammad Ainul
Published: October 2024

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana mewujudkan pendidikan Agama Islam berbasis gender. Setelah diadakan penelitian maka telah ditemukan Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan dengan penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa pengarusutamaan gender sedemikian urgen untuk disosialisasikan melalui bahan ajar, termasuk dalam materi keagamaan apalagi memang banyak materi yang sangat gender biased.
Analysis of the Application of Freudian Theory in the Pattern of Fascist Propaganda in Indonesia
Authors: Agustina Dini , Widaningsih Titi , Marta Rustono Farady
Published: September 2024

Propaganda is a powerful tool for shaping public perception, especially in the context of fascism. This study analyzes the application of Freudian theory to fascist propaganda in Indonesia, particularly during the New Order era under Soeharto’s regime. Fascism in Indonesia began in 1933 with the rise of organizations like the Nederlandsche Indische Fascisten Organisatie (NIFO) and the Indonesian Fascist Party (PFI). During the New Order, propaganda was used to manipulate public opinion, suppress opposition, and maintain power. This research employs a qualitative literature review method, analyzing historical records, media sources, and academic writings. The study specifically examines how Freudian concepts, such as unconscious fears and mass psychology, were used to influence public perceptions, particularly in relation to the G30S/PKI case. The findings reveal that the regime exploited public fears of communism, using propaganda to justify repression and control. This research highlights the importance of understanding the psychological underpinnings of propaganda and suggests that further studies could explore the broader implications of these techniques in different political contexts.
Factors Influencing Youth Interest in Agriculture in Karangan Village
Authors: Sri Wahyuni Jumini , Sujarwo Sujarwo , Kustanti Asihing
Published: September 2024

The role of youth in agricultural development is very important, but youth who are interested in agriculture tend to decrease every year. Youth in Karangan Village consider farming to be an unprofitable profession. They consider the economics of agricultural products to be very low so that most of them are not interested in agricultural activities. Therefore, the number of farmers decreases every year. So efforts to increase the interest of the younger generation to be involved in the agriculture sector. Motivational factors are needed to encourage someone to want to do something, and the motivational factor in question is interest. There are several factors that determine a person’s interest. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence youth interest in agriculture. This research was conducted on youth from Karangan Village, Kepohbaru District, Bojonegoro Regency, with 88 respondents from a total population of 785. Observation and questionnaires are techniques used by researchers to collect data. This research is quantitative research with data analysis using the SEM PLS method. This research uses 3 independent variables, namely individual characteristics (age, education, family), external factors (training and counseling, availability of natural resources, government support), and motivational factors (rewards, achievement, life demands) on the dependent variable, namely youth interest (enjoyment, involvement, interest). Factors that influence youth interest based on the result of the analysis are age, family, availability of natural resources, life demands and involvement.
Digital Transformation Strategies in Primary and Secondary Education Institutions: Case Study of ABC Education Foundation
Authors: Indah Oktaviany Khansa
Published: September 2024

This research investigates digital transformation strategies to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of ABC Education Foundation in Depok, West Java. Using Sunil Gupta's methodology, this study conducted internal and external SWOT analysis, value chain analysis, business benchmarking analysis, and education technology trend analysis. The findings show that improving information system integration, operational efficiency, and the role of the IT department are key in achieving digital transformation goals. The results also present a digital transformation roadmap based on the stages of value definition, rollout, and improvement. The implications of the digital transformation recommendations can be seen in changes to the business model and organizational infrastructure.
Anemia on Chronic Disease in Leprosy Before and After Completing Multi Drug Therapy
Authors: Setyawati Ni Kadek , Rusyati Luh Made Mas , Indira I Gusti Ayu Agung Elis , Praharsini I Gusti Ayu Agung , Darmaputra I Gusti Nyoman , Karmila I Gusti Ayu Agung Dwi
Published: September 2024

Leprosy infection can cause anemia due to chronic disease (ACD). Multidrug therapy (MDT) for leprosy patients can overcome the infection. This study aims to determine the comparison in the incidence of ACD before and three months after MDT to leprosy patients at Prof. Dr. I G.N.G. Ngoerah Central General Hospital. A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted using secondary data from medical records of leprosy patients. A total of 142 samples were taken through total sampling. Data taken included gender, domicile, type of leprosy suffered, incidence of ACD, hemoglobin levels, and erythrocyte index before and three months after completing MDT leprosy therapy. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS version 21 using chi-square and paired t tests (dependent t-test), p value <0.05 means significant. The incidence of ACD was significantly higher before leprosy MDT therapy compared to 3 months after completing leprosy MDT therapy (49.3% vs. 16.2%; p value <0.001) with a prevalence ratio of 3.043 (2.021-4.584) CI95%. The mean hemoglobin levels, MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels 3 months after MDT leprosy therapy were significantly higher than before receiving MDT therapy (13.73 ± 1.47 vs. 12.40 ± 2.06 g/dL; p value <0.001), (88.18±7.22 vs. 84.07±9.55 fl; p value<0.001), (28.32±2.76 vs. 26.72±3.17 pg/cell; p value <0.001), (32.03±1.30 vs. 31.69±1.47%; p value<0.001). The incidence of ACD was significantly higher before MDT compared to 3 months after MDT. Mean hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels were found to be significantly higher 3 months after MDT compared to before receiving MDT.
The Role of Internal Audit in Enhancing Risk Awareness at PT X
Authors: Jullianeth Laxmi , Fitriany Fitriany
Published: September 2024

Internal audit is a function designed to assist companies in achieving their strategic goals. Internal audit is considered only as a fault finder so that its function is less acceptable in work unit. Over time, internal audit has been accepted as a compliance tester in an organization. This compliance testing results in activities that are still a formality without any real action from the implementation of compliance procedures. In accordance with the times, especially in the field of technology, various kinds of risks threaten each organization such as cyber, market and other risks that affect achievement of organizational goals. Risk-based audits are starting to be launched and implemented to be able to help management see which side of each work unit has potential risks and actions to mitigate risks. Internal audit designs each audit plan in each work unit to be able to sort out the work unit in each potential risk in each work unit. Internal audit findings are grouped into three parts of the risk group, namely, low, medium and high to be able to provide recommendations for urgent action with a high level of risk. Awareness of each work unit is expected to be increased from the audit results so that in the future each work unit conducts self-assessment and supervision of any risks that arise or have potential to arise in its work unit, and reports to Management so that the necessary follow-up can be carried out to prevent risks that will occur to a minimum.
Implementation of Whistleblowing Management System in Law Enforcement Institutions for Corruption Crimes According to Clause 8 of ISO 37002:2021
Authors: Catur Putri Meirianti Zulfa , Lisdiono Purwatiningsih
Published: September 2024

Whistleblowing System has been internationally recognized as an effective way to combat corruption, both within an organization and at a national level. This case study research aims to improve the governance of complaint handling at Institution XYZ, particularly in the operations related to complaint management, through a gap analysis using Clause 8 of ISO 37002:2021. Therefore, this study is limited to assessing the conformity of complaint handling in accordance with Clause 8 of ISO 37002:2021. Data was obtained through document analysis and in-depth interviews. The research data was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to gain a deep and comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon, focusing on the meaning and interpretation of the data. Based on the analysis, it was found that the implementation of the Whistleblowing Management System (WMS) had been partially carried out by Institution XYZ. Improvements are needed in the determination of locations for raising awareness about the complaint channels based on the number of complaints, as well as in developing policies for the protection of whistleblowers and employees. This study is expected to serve as an analytical tool for policy-making at Institution XYZ and to provide information on WMS implementation for other institutions.
Kualitas Organoleptik, Oksidasi Lemak dan Total Bakteri Sui Wu’u Yang Diolah Dari Otot Paha Belakang dan Diberi Level Tepung Jagung Yang Berbeda
Authors: Taek Paskalius , E. Malelak Gemini , M. Sipahelut Geetruida , Sulmiyati Sulmiyati
Published: September 2024

Pork has an important role in the lives of the people of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), both as a source of animal protein and in cultural and social contexts. Traditional processed products such as Sui Wu'u from Bajawa are examples of pork preservation that has been passed down from generation to generation through the practice of local wisdom. The preservation process using natural ingredients such as cornstarch and salt not only extends the shelf life, but also improves the sensory quality as well as maintains the microbiological and physicochemical qualities of the meat. The addition of cornmeal which is rich in antioxidants and fiber and salt as natural preservatives, helps inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes and maintains the taste of the product. Nonetheless, the curing process needs to pay attention to various factors such as raw materials, curing methods, and storage temperatures to ensure the quality and safety of the final product. The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic quality, fat oxidation and total bacteria in sui wu'u. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments 4 replicates of the addition of corn flour consisting of P1 = 500 g, P2 = 1000 g, P3 = 1,500 g. The parameter measured were: organoleptic quality (color, aroma, taste, and tenderness), fat oxidation and total bacteria. The data of organoleptics were analysed witk Kuakall-Wallis test whereas fat oxidation and total bacteria were analyzed with ANOVA. The results showed that organoleptic quality (color, aroma, taste, and tenderness) and total bacteri were same  (P>0.05) whereas fat oxidation decreased as the level of corn starch increased.  It can be concluded that given corn starch coulg retard the fat oxidation.
Evaluation of Solid Waste Produced in Garowe District Somalia
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda, Nour Abdimudalib Jamma , Olusegun Obaroh Israel ,   School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: September 2024

Historically, waste management in Garowe District was marked by traditional practices driven by necessity rather than environmental consciousness, the aim of the study was to evaluate solid waste produced in the district while the specific objectives were to identify the composition and quantity of biodegradable waste generated the Garowe District, to assess the types and quantities of non-biodegradable waste produced in Garowe District and also To evaluate the existing waste management practices in the district. The study employed mixed methods. Copies of questionnaires were administered to 388 households and interviews conducted with 5 key informants to assess solid waste composition, quantities, handling practices, and management gaps. The study found food scraps constitute the majority of biodegradable waste generated in households, while plastics dominate the non-biodegradable waste stream. On average, household waste generation exceeds 1 kg per day, and municipal collection services only reach a portion of district residence. Existing waste management efforts focus primarily on collection and disposal with minimal infrastructure for material recovery, recycling or composting. While most residents express willingness to separate organic waste, few households implement home composting due to knowledge gaps and space constraints. The findings reveal significant potential to improve waste management sustainability by reducing disposal volumes and introducing programs to divert organics and recyclables from dumping sites. Key recommendations include public education, expanding source segregation, constructing composting and recycling facilities, and better integrating the informal recycling sector. The study provides important baseline data to inform integrated municipal solid waste management planning aligned with local needs while minimizing environmental and public health impacts. KEYWORDS: Waste management, Garowe District, Municipal solid waste, Household waste, Somalia
Bird-View Exploration of Internal Controls and Financial Performance of Selected Savings and Credit Co-Operative Societies in Moyo District, Uganda
Authors:   College of Economics and Management, Department of Finance and Accounting, Kampala International University Uganda, Anguyo Nasser Wawa , Enock Omweno N. ,   College of Economics and Management, Department of Finance and Accounting, Kampala International University UgandaCollege of Economics and Management, Department of Finance and Accounting, Kampala International University Uganda, Eric Mabonga ,   College of Economics and Management, Department of Finance and Accounting, Kampala International University Uganda, Aleke Jude Uchechukwu ,   of Economics and Management, Department of Finance and Accounting, Kampala InternatDepartment of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University
Published: September 2024

This article explores internal controls and financial performance of selected savings and credit cooperative societies in Moyo district, Uganda. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, a descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed. The population consists of 56 participants. Data was collected with surveys and interviews. Findings revealed that internal controls are the pillar of any financial institution and SACCOs are not excluded and good financial performance is the motive for having good internal controls implemented in the SACCOs. In spite of the role played by internal controls, SACCOs have continued to face challenges relating to liquidity, profitability, efficiency; in terms of cost per borrower, and alleged malpractices. The above challenges could be attributed to weak internal control system, as this sets a base for misappropriation of organization’s resources. It is on this note that the study calls for the implementation of a systematic risk assessment process that identifies, assesses, and mitigates risks. Regularly update risk assessments to adapt to changing circumstances. More so, there is need to maintain effective internal control communication and proper flow of information down, across, and up within all sections of the organization. This includes clear communication of roles and responsibilities. Invest in continuous training and education for SACCO staff and members to ensure they have a strong understanding of internal controls, ethics, and risk management. Develop and regularly update comprehensive policies and procedures that clearly outline internal control processes, responsibilities, and expectations. This can serve as a guide for staff and members and ensure consistency in control activities. Keywords: Credits, Cooperative societies, Financial performance, Internal controls, Savings.
Role of Decentralization in Promoting Rural Development in Ibuje Sub County of Uganda
Authors:   Faculty of the Social Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda, John Oduru
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to assess the aspect of decentralization and its impact on the development of the rural area within Ibuje Sub-County, Apac District Uganda. The effects of decentralization are analyzed with regard to primary education, health care, and agricultural extension services. This study also shows that decentralization has enhanced the availability of these services but has not necessarily enhanced the quality of these services. Specifically, as, access to primary education and health services has increased, the quality of education and health has not improved. On the other hand, there is an enhancement in the availability of extension services to enhance agricultural productivity. Thus, the study finds that decentralization can work for rural development but this demands the provision of national minimum standards and better supervision to guarantee quality service delivery in the rural regions. Keywords: Decentralization, Rural Development, Service Delivery, Uganda, Agricultural Extension
Examining the Legality of the Use of Force in International Law
Authors:   School of Law, Kampala International University, Uganda, Johnmary Amanya
Published: October 2024

This article examines the legality of the use of force in international law. The article revealed that faith in the UN may weaken when it fails to act in contexts where its Charter requires or implies it should, or when its actions fail to achieve the intended results. As a result, it is critical for the UN’s integrity and vitality that it is willing and able to act in circumstances that warrant its intervention. If there was a successful alternative to meeting global aims, it would deter states from taking matters into their own hands. This leads to the conclusion that we can welcome illegal but clearly justified action, or what we might call ‘legitimate’ action, under certain specified circumstances. The article proposes several broad areas where the UN could rationally undergo reform. As the maintainer of peace and security, it would be unwise for the UN to engage ‘with incomplete and incremental change.’ The UNSC needs ‘greater credibility, legitimacy, representation, effectiveness, and enhanced capacity and willingness to act in defense of the common peace.’ Therefore, the article advocates for the development of a legal doctrine of humanitarian intervention. A suggested criterion is the existence of a supreme humanitarian emergency, the use of force as a last resort, and the achievement of a positive humanitarian outcome. If the UNSC can identify these criteria for lawful humanitarian intervention, it would be wiser to authorize force. The use of force would then be under central control, as opposed to unilateral state action with a potentially undefined mandate. Keywords: International law, Justification, Legitimacy, UN Charters, Use of force.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Epidemics
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda, Nassimbwa Kabanda D.
Published: October 2024

Despite tremendous advances in public health, epidemics remain a major concern due to variables such as fast population expansion, increasing travel, and migration. Given the rapidity with which modern epidemics spread, traditional strategies for epidemic prediction and management have frequently proven ineffective. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides a disruptive approach to forecasting and controlling outbreaks. This study investigates the evolution of epidemic prediction, from old statistical methods to modern AI-powered models. It looks at how various AI approaches, such as machine learning and natural language processing, can be used to anticipate epidemic outbreaks. The study uses case examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of AI in forecasting epidemics while also highlighting the limitations and ethical implications connected with these technologies. The findings highlight AI’s ability to improve epidemic preparedness and response, providing insights into how these technologies might be optimised for future public health concerns. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Epidemic Prediction, Machine Learning, Big Data, Public Health Surveillance
The Role of Epigenetics in Disease Development
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International Uganda, Katu Amina H.
Published: October 2024

Epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene expression without alterations to the DNA sequence, plays a critical role in the development of various diseases. These epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA-mediated gene silencing, regulate essential cellular processes such as differentiation, development, and tissue-specific gene expression. Environmental factors and lifestyle choices influence these epigenetic changes, often leading to disease by modifying transcriptional profiles. This paper discusses the role of epigenetics in the onset and progression of diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disorders, highlighting the potential of epigenetic biomarkers for early diagnosis and the promise of epigenetic therapies. Understanding the intricate relationship between epigenetics and disease mechanisms can open new avenues for personalized treatment strategies. Keywords: Epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modification, disease development, cancer, cardiovascular diseases
The Role of Digital Health in Managing Chronic Pain
Authors:   School of Applied Health Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Irakoze Mukamana S.
Published: October 2024

Chronic pain, which affects almost a billion people worldwide, is a major health concern that places a large cost strain on healthcare systems. Traditional pain management strategies frequently fall short, demanding novel alternatives. Telemedicine, mobile health applications, and remote monitoring tools are all examples of digital health technologies that show promise for chronic pain management. This study examines the present issues in chronic pain treatment, the importance of digital health treatments, and the efficacy of evidence-based methods including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and machine learning for personalised care. Patients suffering from chronic pain now have new hope thanks to digital health solutions that allow for patient self-management, real-time monitoring, and enhanced access to care. Through evaluating clinical trials and research findings, this review sheds light on the future potential and opportunities for incorporating digital health technologies into chronic pain care. Keywords: Chronic Pain, Digital Health, Telemedicine, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Remote Monitoring.
The Role of Genomics in Infectious Disease Control
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda, Nyiramana Mukamurera P.
Published: October 2024

The integration of genomics into infectious disease control has revolutionized pathogen detection, surveillance, and treatment strategies. With advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS), genomic technologies have enabled the identification of infectious agents, tracing their transmission, and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance. Genomic epidemiology offers a powerful tool for outbreak investigations by identifying transmission chains and understanding pathogen evolution. Furthermore, genomics supports precision medicine, allowing for tailored treatments based on both pathogen and host genomes. This paper reviews the applications of genomics in disease detection, outbreak management, antimicrobial resistance surveillance, and precision medicine, underscoring its pivotal role in global public health efforts. The future of infectious disease control will be shaped by genomics, with an emphasis on enhanced diagnostics, personalized treatment, and real-time pathogen tracking. Keywords: Genomics, Infectious Diseases, Next-Generation Sequencing, Outbreak Investigation, Genomic Epidemiology.
The Use of AI in Detecting Rare Diseases
Authors:   Department of Publication and Extension Kampala International University Uganda, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul Chima , Alum Esther Ugo ,   Department of Publication and Extension Kampala International University Uganda, Thembo Moses ,   Faculty of Allied Health sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda, Ben Okon Michael ,   Department of Publication and Extension Kampala International University Uganda, Awafung Emmanuel Adie ,   Biomedical Engineering, Kampala International University, Uganda.
Published: October 2024

Rare diseases, affecting fewer than 1 in 2,000 individuals, present significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to their diversity, limited clinical data, and lack of awareness among healthcare professionals. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a valuable tool in rare disease detection, leveraging large datasets and machine learning algorithms to analyze symptoms, genetic data, and medical literature. This paper investigates how AI enhances diagnostic accuracy, shortens the diagnostic process, and addresses the complexities associated with rare diseases. Additionally, we examine case studies, discuss the ethical considerations of AI-based diagnosis, and highlight the potential for AI to revolutionize rare disease care. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Rare Diseases, Machine Learning, Diagnosis, Genetic Testing.
DETERMINATION THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANO CARBON, GRAPHITE AND GRAPHENE REINFORCED RECYCLING POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITE SAMPLES
Authors: Şengül Ömer , Çalışkan Ferhat , Kam Menderes
Published: September 2024

Polymer-based plastic materials occupy a major place in daily life. However, due to the nature of polymer materials, low thermal resistance and mechanical properties of these products, the need for new and sustainable materials in the industry has increased. With the rapid technological developments in advanced manufacturing industries such as aviation, marine, motor sports and defence industry, lightweight and high-strength composite products have become even more important. In this context, in this study, 1% carbon, graphene and graphite particle reinforced Polypropylene (PP) composite material mixed in a twin-screw extruder and MA/G series injection moulding machine standard tensile test sample produced. Melt Flow Index (MFI), Heat Deformation Test (HDT), tensile test, Shore-D hardness measurement and density tests performed on these test samples. According to the results obtained from these tests, the mechanical and thermal properties of the test samples produced from different composite materials were determined. The best mechanical and thermal properties occurred in the graphene particle. It formed in graphite and carbon, respectively.
Noise and frequency propagation in natural stone processing plants
Authors: Duran Zekeriya , Erdem Bülent , Doğan Tuğba , Genç Mehmet
Published: September 2024

In this study, 510 noise measurements recorded in eight natural stone processing plants operating in Sivas City, Turkey were evaluated and the noise levels and dominant frequency bands of 11 different processing machines used in these plants were determined. The daily equivalent noise level of all natural stone processing plants was around or above the exposure limit value (87 dBA) specified in relevant regulations. Considering the machines and plant environment, the frequency ranges for the highest noise levels were mostly between 630 Hz - 5000 Hz, centering around 3150 Hz. Variations in the noise level of the processing machines in separate plants where similar processes were carried out was primarily related to the plant size and machine layout, the number of machines operating simultaneously and the type of natural stone processed. While the difference between the noise levels of gangsaws, bridge cutting, ST cutting, head/side cutting, trimming, cement filling, slab polishing, narrow polishing, chamfering and splitting machines were statistically significant, aging machines generated similar noise levels.
Mathematical modelling and performance analysis of an AEM electrolyzer
Authors: Obut Salih
Published: September 2024

In this study, an analytical model including electrochemical reactions and mass transfer in an anion-exchange membrane electrolyzer (AEMEL) has been developed by considering water sorption/desorption in electrodes. The model developed was used to investigate the performance of the AEMEL in terms of efficiency, transport phenomena and operating parameters. The numerical results revealed that the voltage losses in the AEMEL are mainly due to activation losses. The effects of important parameters such as membrane thickness, operating pressure on cell performance, and species transport were also investigated. The results also revealed that the AEMEL performance improves with decreasing membrane thickness, but the membrane thickness should be considered together with hydrogen permeability and differential operating pressure to operate the electrolyzer safely.
Enhanced license plate recognition using deep learning and block-based approach
Authors: Arslan Gülistan , Aydemir Fırat , Arslan Seyfullah
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of current deep learning techniques in license plate detection and makes essential contributions. Instead of classifying the characters on Turkish license plates with a single classifier, the characters are divided into blocks of numbers and letters using various image processing techniques, and a separate classifier is used for each block. The proposed approach improves character classification accuracy and license plate recognition accuracy. This approach eliminated the possibility of misclassifying similar letters and numbers and improved the character classification accuracy from 95.9% to 99.6%. In addition, a new character feature dataset was created, and a deep learning model was trained on this dataset. Integrating this model into the system increased the classification accuracy to 99.7%. The YOLOv8 object detection model, trained using CUDA technology, achieved a mAP of 98.9%. The overall accuracy of the whole system in license plate recognition reached 97.3%. This study proves the effectiveness of current deep learning methods and the proposed block-based character recognition approach in license plate recognition.
A carbon-carbon one-electron bond! Or a weak carbon-carbon interaction?
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: October 2024

More than 100 years ago, before the quantum mechanical treatment of molecules had been formulated, G. N. Lewis proposed[cite]10.1021/ja02261a002[/cite] a simple model for chemical bonding that is still taught today. This is the idea of the three categories of bond we know as single, double and triple, comprising respectively two, four and six shared electrons each, at least for the very common carbon-carbon bond.
Forensic Analysis of the WhatsApp Application Using the National Institute of Justice Framework
Authors: Mubarok Nahdli Muhammad Fahmi , Biddinika Muhammad Kunta , Riadi Imam
Published: September 2024

The advancement of communication media has rapidly evolved with the emergence of various communication applications on smartphones, which have now surpassed mere communication functions to become complex social media platforms. This change has transformed the way we interact, not only through messages and voice but also through the exchange of videos and images. However, along with these developments, there has been a surge in digital crimes such as defamation, fraud, and drug trafficking. This investigation aims to compare the performance of forensic tools in obtaining digital evidence by utilizing applications like Mobiledit, Belkasoft, Mobile Forensic SPF, and Magnet Axiom, and by applying the National Institute of Justice framework, which consists of five stages: identification, collection, examination, analysis, and reporting. The output of the investigation is presented through reports and evidence, resulting in text chat files, contacts, images, audio, and view-once images. Forensic tools have a 100% success rate in finding pieces of evidence. The comparison of the four tools showed different percentages: Mobiledit Forensic 40%, Magnet Axiom 80%, Belkasoft 60%, and Mobile Forensic SPF 60% in obtaining evidence. Digital evidence can be used as strong support in court proceedings.
Seni Kaligrafi: Peran dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Pengembangan Peradaban Islam
Authors: - Sikni Sari Siagian , Kusuma Al Halim
Published: September 2024

The art of calligraphy has played an essential role in the history and development of Islamic civilization. The aim of this research is to review the contribution of calligraphy art to the development of culture, religion and science in Islamic civilization. Calligraphy is a form of visual art that is highly valued in the Islamic tradition. Calligraphy not only functions in the field of decoration, but it is also an intermediary in conveying religious messages and moral values. In this research method using historical and textual analysis, researchers found that the art of calligraphy enlarges the intellectual and spiritual life of Muslims, and also becomes an important tool in spreading Islamic teachings. Calligraphy participated in the development of Islamic art and architecture, publishing monumental works that combined aesthetic beauty and depth of religious meaning. This research shows that the art of calligraphy is not only a cultural heritage that must be preserved, but calligraphy also has a sustainable connection in the modern context.