bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Economy as Economic System of the Country
Authors:   Saratov State University, Fedolyak V. S.
Published: April 2024

The article gives a general description of the region as a unity of aggregate economic agents and economic system within the national economy. Consider its systemic features, particularly the reproductive process, in common with the national economy and specificity of economic processes.
Certification as a Tool of Production Quality Improvement
Authors:   Saratov State University, Gvozdeva S. M.
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with questions of the influence of certification on production quality, certification types, features of certification in Russia, models of third-party certification.
Specificity of macro- and microrestrictions in an economy under transformation
Authors:   Saratov State University, Porezanova E. V.
Published: April 2024

In the article the main makroogranicheniya in Russia’s economy. Raslooking model of economic development. Mikroogranicheniya are distinguished in the activity of enterprises. Investigate barter and weak government regulation as the major constraints in the economy of Russia.
National Features of Russian Idea of the Lawful State
Authors:   Saratov State University, Strygina S. V.
Published: April 2024

In the article are analyzed national ideas of a lawful state in doctrines of pre-revolutionary Russian scientists – jurists. It is a question of necessity of historical continuity at creation of this social institute in modern Russia. Ideas which have not lost the importance are considered.
Facts to be Established in the Process of Investigating Offences Related to Violation of Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules
Authors:   Saratov State University, Ivanov A. N. , Kozina S. N. ,   Saratov State Academy of Law
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the debatable issues of investigating violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules. The author specifies the role of the facts to be established and the place of the same in Criminalistics methods structure. The author presents an adjusted list of the facts to be established in the process of investigating the mentioned category of criminal cases.
Balance function generated by limiting conditions
Authors: Morozov Denys
Published: April 2024

This article conducts an analysis of the inherent constraints governing the formation of the price function that describes the interaction between two markets. The research not only identifies these constraints but also obtains an explicit form of the specified function.The key factors considered in constructing the price function are defined in the article. Through analyzing these constraints and their impact on market interaction, a formula for the price function is provided. This approach not only reveals the essence of natural constraints in forming the price function but also provides a contextual foundation for negotiations shaping a fair exchange price for the interaction process between two markets. This offers a theoretical basis for modeling and solving similar problems arising during practical economic activities.Two economies, Economy 1 and Economy 2, producing goods X and Y with linear Production Possibility Curve (PPC) graphs, are under consideration. The cost of producing one unit of good X relative to Y is denoted as R1 for Economy 1 and R2 for Economy 2. Exchange between economies occurs in a market, where the possible exchange is Δx units of X for Δy = Rmarket · Δx units of Y, and vice versa.If R1 is less than R2, Economy 1 specializes in the production of X, and Economy 2 specializes in Y, fostering mutually beneficial trade. For mutually beneficial exchange on the market with a price Rmarket, it is necessary and sufficient that R1 ≤ Rmarket ≤ R2.The article also explores the concept of a fair exchange price, specifying conditions for symmetry, reciprocity, and scale invariance. Notably, it indicates that the unique solution satisfying these conditions is f(R1,R2) = √ R1 · R2.In the context of balanced exchange, where economies gain equal profit per unit of the acquired good, the balanced exchange price Rmarket[balance] is determined as Rmarket = √ R1 · R2. This serves as a fair price, meeting the aforementioned conditions of symmetry, reciprocity, and scale invariance.In the provided example with R1 = 2 and R2 = 8, the article examines the mutually beneficial interval for Rmarket and computes the balanced and fair exchange price.
Likelihood function derivatives for a linear mixed model with compound symmetry assumption
Authors: Lukashevych Sofia , Yamnenko Rostyslav
Published: April 2024

The paper explores the properties of linear mixed models with simple random effects of the form: yi = Xiβ + ZiYi + εi, i = 1, . . . ,M, Yi ∼ N(0, Ψ), εi ∼ Т(0, σ2I), where M is the number of distinct groups, each consisting of ni observations. Random effects Yi and within-group errors εi are independent across different groups and within the same group. β is a p-dimensional vector of fixed effects, Yi is a q-dimensional vector of random effects, and Xi and Zi are known design matrices of dimensions nixp and nixq, of fixed and random effects respectively. Vectors εi represent within-group errors with a spherically Gaussian distribution.Assuming a compound symmetry in the correlation structure of the matrix Ψ governing the dependence among within-group errors, analytical formulas for the first two partial derivatives of the profile restricted maximum likelihood function with respect to the correlation parameters of the model are derived. The analytical representation of derivatives facilitates the effective utilization of numerical algorithms like Newton-Raphson or Levenberg-Marquardt.The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation is a statistical technique employed to estimate the parameters within a mixed-effects model, particularly in the realm of linear mixed models. It serves as an extension of the maximum likelihood estimation method, aiming to furnish unbiased and efficient parameter estimates, especially in scenarios involving correlated data. Within the framework of the REML approach, the likelihood function undergoes adjustments to remove the nuisance parameters linked to fixed effects. This modification contributes to enhancing the efficiency of parameter estimation, particularly in situations where the primary focus is on estimating variance components or when the model encompasses both fixed and random effects.
Mechanisms for Forming Digital Literacy of College Teachers under the Digital Transformation of Education
Authors: Wu Huabin , Mao Xinjie , Xu Xiangdong
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of information technology, the digital transformation of education has become an important trend of global higher education reform. In this context, the digital literacy of higher education teachers is not only related to their personal career development, but also a key factor affecting the quality of teaching and the development of students' abilities. Several problems have been identified through the research study, such as unbalanced distribution of resources, limited opportunities for professional development, missing evaluation system, insufficient social interaction and cooperation, and low self-efficacy, which collectively affect the formation of digital literacy among college teachers. Based on this, this study puts forward a series of recommendations, such as exploring the digital literacy hierarchy of college teachers under the digital transformation of education, clarifying the direction of cultivating digital literacy of college teachers under the digital transformation of education, and constructing a cultivation mechanism of multi-party collaboration and cooperation, with a view to promoting the enhancement of the digital literacy of college teachers, and then promoting the digital transformation of higher education.
Cociente neutrófilos/linfocitos preoperatorio como factor pronóstico en el cáncer epitelial de ovario
Authors: Vázquez Rojo Julio , Vázquez Reguera Julio , Sánchez del Río Angel
Published: April 2024

Objetivos: evaluar si hay asociación entre los valores del cociente plasmático neutrófilos/ linfocitos (NLR) y el pronóstico en pacientes con cáncer epitelial de ovario (CEO) diagnosticadas y tratadas en una población española.
Materiales y métodos: cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con cáncer epitelial de ovario que tuvieran un recuento de neutrófilos y linfocitos en hemograma previo al diagnóstico histopatológico en un hospital de nivel medio de complejidad y posterior sobrevida de, al menos, 3 meses. Muestreo por conveniencia. Se midieron: edad, estado menopáusico, paridad, estadio Federación International de Ginecología y Obstetricia (FIGO), tipo de tratamiento, tumor residual, afectación ganglionar, presencia de ascitis, citología, tipo histológico, grado de diferenciación y cifras de CA-125; como desenlaces, sobrevida global y sobrevida libre de enfermedad o progresión. Análisis inferencial bivariado y por regresión de Cox.
Resultados: de 78 candidatas, ingresaron 60 mujeres con CEO. De ellas, 24 (40%) presentaron un NLR bajo (≤ 2,9) y 36 (60 %) elevado (> 2,9). Se encontró asociación entre los niveles altos de NLR y cirugía citoreductora subóptima. Los niveles altos de NLR se asociaron a menor sobrevida global (Hazard ratio (HR): 4,1; IC 95%: 1,4-11,8) y menor sobrevida libre de enfermedad a los 5 años (HR:2,6; IC 95 %: 1,2-5,7).
Conclusiones: un cociente plasmático neutrófilos/linfocitos mayor de 2,9 se asoció a un mal pronóstico en pacientes con cáncer epitelial de ovario en nuestro medio. Se necesita determinar el punto de corte óptimo y realizar estudios prospectivos con mayor número de pacientes que avalen esta información.
Lodos aerobios granulares: una tecnología de tratamiento de aguas residuales para Costa Rica
Authors: Barrios-Hernández Mary Luz
Published: April 2024

La gestión de aguas residuales en Costa Rica, centrada principalmente en la regulación de la eliminación de materia orgánica, requiere una inversión en tecnologías para abordar una mayor gama de contaminantes. Como institución académica, el TEC está promoviendo la tecnología de Lodos Aeróbicos Granulares, basada en aglomerados de bacterias que se forman de manera natural estimulando la actividad biológica desde el centro hacia el exterior del gránulo, asegurando así la remoción simultánea de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y fósforo. Este enfoque ha impulsado la creación de prototipos de sistemas adaptados a las necesidades de las comunidades costarricenses, utilizando modelos matemáticos que garantizan la eliminación completa de contaminantes. Además, se está avanzando a través de investigaciones de laboratorio y colaboración nacional e internacional para implementar esta tecnología en el contexto del país y promover su adopción a gran escala.
Costa Rica aprende con la U Pública: promoviendo el acercamiento y la vinculación de la Universidad Pública con la comunidad nacional
Authors: Gamboa-Jiménez Ana Gabriela , Mc Quiddy-Padilla Evelyn , León-Boza Ileana , Vargas-Valladares Isabel , Jiménez-Chavarría Silvia , Vargas-González Víctor M.
Published: April 2024

Desde el Consejo Nacional de Rectores (CONARE), instancia donde participan las cinco universidades públicas de Costa Rica, se gesta la iniciativa “Costa Rica aprende con la U pública”, la cual consiste en capacitar a la población nacional, de manera virtual y gratuita en distintas áreas de conocimiento. El presente artículo le permitirá conocer más sobre esta iniciativa, sus antecedentes, características y los resultados obtenidos en las ediciones realizadas.
A Study on the Aesthetic Awareness and Expression Method of the Landscape Painting in 『Limjeongochi (林泉高致)』 of Kwakhi)
Authors:   The Korean Society of Calligraphy, Kim Soon-seob
Published: April 2024

This study has researched the aesthetic awareness and the expression method of the landscape painting that is described in 『Limjeongochi (林泉高致)』 of Kwakhi, based on the philosophical contemplation of Rihak (Neo-Confucianism) of the Northern Song Dynasty. Landscape paintings were flourished especially in the Song Age. The emergence of this background can result from several factors. Above all, this mirrors the epochal art tendency and view of aesthetics in contrast to those in the previous times, which has something close to do with the spirit of the age when literary paintings came to the fore and Rihak (Neo-Confucianism) of the Song Dynast was deeply embedded in society.
The highly learned Kwakhi, a painter in painting art academy, made an exchange with many literary men, thus, being influenced by Rihak (Neo-Confucianism) in reflection of the sprit of the age that epochal intellectuals held. The aesthetic awareness of landscape in 『Limjeongochi (林泉高致)』, was described not as a realistic painting that recreates nature by the means of visual and sensory elements but as the best good (善) and the best providence (天理) interpreted as universal unity (天一合一) in harmony with reason and emotion. This reflects the aesthetic awareness that cognizes universalism (宇宙論) as the essence of human character, and ultimately the moral principle emphasizing investigation of things (格物致知) and discipline, thereby providing the momentum to highly appreciate the landscape painting.
A characteristic of landscape painting is that this painting expresses the beauty of landscape in a vivid way, regarding transcendental contemplation or nature as the circulating organism that contains poetic implication. This pursues the method of understanding the power (power of mountain) and attribute (essence of mountain) by observing landscape, at close or far distance and looking into all over the three surfaces of the mountain (high, deep, and plain surfaces) for spatial expansion, in order to overcome the problem focusing on a single object, bring a dynamic change in an object so that it could move to and fro with full vigor, and to embody it into a living thing, as if it were actually described in landscape. It can be said that energy that figure paintings put weight on is included in landscape painting, also. In this regard, the fundamental principle of stroke and ink has played the inter-complementary role to vitalize literary paintings, and furthermore expand the natural beauty of vigor from landscape painting into flower bird paintings.
A Study on the Formation and Transmission of the Goryeong Shin Family Calligraphy(Seoye)
Authors:   The Korean Society of Calligraphy, Son Han-bin
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to elucidate the formation and transmission of calligraphy within the Goryeong Shin Family, with a focus on Shin Gong-je as the central figure. It explores the specific content and influence of academic pursuits and calligraphy among previous generations, as well as the process and significance of their transmission to subsequent generations. In the social context of the Joseon Dynasty, where communal consciousness within clans and social recognition were paramount, maintaining academic traditions and transmitting them to posterity through means such as legal text compilations were vital tasks for enhancing the family's status and reputation, as well as for practicing Confucian filial piety. These actions served as significant driving forces, leading to the diverse development of Joseon calligraphy culture. The Goryeong Shin Family, as one of the families engaged in calligraphy activities, demonstrates a clear lineage and influence, supported by numerous records regarding the transmission and impact of their calligraphy.
The lineage and academic pursuits of the Goryeong Shin Family began with Shin Deok-rin and continued through his son, Shin Po-si, and grandson, Shin Jang. These individuals were proficient in calligraphy, with both Shin Deok-rin and Shin Jang having their calligraphy documented in historical records. Their lineage naturally transitioned to Shin Suk-ju and Shin Mal-ju, who displayed similarities or even greater maturity in their calligraphy compared to their predecessors. Furthermore, Shin Suk-ju's transmission of Shin Jang's calligraphy to his son marked the evolution of the lineage into a complete academic tradition.
Subsequently, an analysis was conducted on Shin Gong-je's calligraphy and the compilation of the “Haedong Myeongjeok”. Like his predecessors, Shin Gong-je learned and respected the calligraphy traditions of previous generations, compiling the “Haedong Myeongjeok” to perpetuate the Goryeong Shin Family's calligraphy and honor the calligraphic achievements of his ancestors. Following him, figures such as Shin Jam, Shin Dam, Shin Heop, Shin Geuk-cheong, Shin Sok, and Shin Il-cheong continued calligraphy activities, maintaining the lineage and academic pursuits. Through records of previous generations' calligraphy learning, the specific content and significance were confirmed. Finally, it is emphasized that research addressing gaps or approaching the essence and development of Joseon calligraphy culture from the perspectives of academic pursuits and transmission should continue persistently.
Research on the Adaptability of Hangul Seo-yeh in Traditional Liquor Package Design
Authors:   The Korean Society of Calligraphy, Kim Hu-bun , Lee Chang-keun
Published: April 2024

Traditional Korean alcoholic beverages, or “traditional liquor,” constitute a significant part of Korean culture, with their packaging design serving as a crucial medium for conveying cultural values and brand identity. This study aims to examine how changes in the design of traditional liquor packaging influence the market positioning and consumer perception of these brands, focusing on the usage and versatility of Hangul Seo-yeh. With the growing interest of younger consumers in the traditional liquor market, there's an implication that when designers more systematically utilize Hangul Seo-yeh style and employ calligraphic techniques that encapsulate Korean identity, they can expand into broader domains. The objective of this research is to analyze the various forms and styles of Hangul Seo-yeh, calligraphy, and fonts that appear in traditional liquor packaging design. The methodology involves analyzing the packaging of the top 20 selling products in the categories of makgeolli, yakju, and distilled spirits (soju) based on data from the Korea Agro-Fisheries & Food Trade Corporation on Naver Shopping, spanning from August 30, 2021, to August 30, 2022. The results indicate that the combination of calligraphy and illustration accounts for the highest proportion, with the combination of Seo-yeh with illustration, and fonts with illustration also being significant design types. The overall usage rate of calligraphy was about 35.5%, with calligraphy at 43.5% and fonts at 21%. Frequency analysis of Seo-yeh styles revealed that a free style of Minche (민체) had the highest usage rate at 33.3%. These results demonstrate the importance of the adaptability of Seo-yeh style in traditional liquor package design, especially the need to break away from uniformity and explore unique aesthetics in the digital age. This study is expected to aid in improving the design strategies of traditional liquor brands and enhancing their market competitiveness. Future research tasks include exploring the extent of adaptability of Hangul Seo-yeh, the possibility of its integration with Hangul Seo-yeh style, and its combination with illustrations.
A Study on the Similar Characters of the Radical Characters of 手(Hands) Types
Authors:   The Korean Society of Calligraphy, Lee Keoung-suk
Published: April 2024

This paper studies the cursive script of characters such as 手(Hands), 攴(slaps), 攵(slaps), 支(supports), 又(hands), 爪(nails), 寸(short length), 厶(arms), 力(strength), 文(words), 戈(weapons) and compound characters.
This paper compares these characters with similar shapes. The meaning and shape of ancient characters have influenced cursive writing. Just organize it briefly.
Words(‘手’) express the shape of fingers and fists. The shape of cursive script is affected by this. The character(‘攴’, ‘攵’) represents the appearance of holding a stick in hand. ‘戈’ is a weapon used in war. So these words replaced each other in cursive script. The character(‘攴’) appears alternately with this character( ‘力’字, ‘又’字, ‘’字, ‘支’字, ‘弓’字, ‘攵’字, ‘文’字 ). One of these phenomena is that the characters are similar, which is why they appear in cursive script. This character(‘’字, ‘弓’字) is influenced by that character(‘乃’字, ‘’字, ‘’字) and appears in cursive script. The cursive script of this character(‘又’) has also been replaced by that character(‘寸’). Or multiple of these words(‘又’) have been weakened. The cursive strokes of this character(‘爪’) have weakened. Elaborate or express in two points.
This word(‘寸’) has a curved tail and then narrates together with dots. Or change the position of the point to express it. This character(‘對’) divides the upper part of that character(‘丵’) into three dots according to the ancient script shape. This character(‘厶’) is an old version of this character(‘厷’). This character(‘厷’) appears with that character(‘九’). The reason is that(‘九’) in ancient Chinese characters, this character(‘九’) presents the shape of a human arm, and that character(‘肱’) also presents the shape of a bent arm, so it appears alternately. Because these characters have a common curved shape, which character(‘厷’) is used instead of this one(‘弓’) to express. You can see the appearance of ‘厶’, ‘厷’, ‘弓’, ‘’ from the cursive script. This word(‘力’) expresses human muscles and tendons. These words(攵, 攴, 力) related to hands or arms are mixed together for use. This character(‘文’) also has a similar shape to that character(‘攵’), so it will also appear in cursive script. According to these contents, the characters are influenced by similar characters, ancient characters, and variant characters, appearing in cursive script characters. Exploring similar or ancient character forms can provide a lot of information for distinguishing cursive script forms. By using it, it is possible to provide rich explanations for more glyphs. I hope this will be of great help in understanding the shapes of cursive script.
The Evolving Landscape of Dry Eye Disease Therapies
Authors: Rigas Basil , Tourmouzis Kostantinos , Souferian Jonathan , Chou Timothy , Honkanen Robert
Published: April 2024

Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent disorder of the ocular surface and tear film for which currently no fully satisfactory treatment exists, reflecting its multifactorial nature and perhaps inherent limitations of existing treatments. Responding to this unmet medical need, the research community and pharmaceutical industry display robust activity in the development of novel approaches to DED treatment. These efforts include pharmaceutical agents and devices directed at various pathogenetic aspects of this still incompletely understood disease. Here, we review current and under development treatments and assess the state of this evolving field.
Linear integral operators in spaces of continuous and essentially bounded vector functions
Authors: Alves Manuel J. , Alves Elena V. , Munembe Joao S.P. , Nepomnyashchikh Yury V.
Published: April 2024

The well-established criterion for the action and boundedness of a linear integral operator K from the space L_∞ of essentially bounded functions to the space C of functions continuous on a compact set is extended to the case of functions taking values in Banach spaces.
The study further shows that if the operator K is active and bounded in the space C, it is also active and bounded in the space L_∞, with the norms of K in C and L_∞ being identical. A precise expression for the general value of the norm of the operator K in these spaces, expressed in terms of its operator kernel, is provided. Addicionally, an example of an integral operator (for scalar functions) is given, active and bounded in each of the spaces C and L_∞, but not acting from L_∞ into C.
Convenient conditions for checking the boundedness of the operator K in C and L_∞ are discussed. In the case of the Banach space Y of the image function values of K being finite-dimensional, these conditions are both necessary and sufficient. In the case of infinitedimensionality of Y, they are sufficient but not necessary (as proven).
For "dim" Y<∞, unimprovable estimates for the norm of the operator K are provided in terms of a 1-absolutely summing constant π_1 (Y), determined by the geometric properties of the norm in Y. Specifically, it is defined as the supremum over finite sets of nonzero elements of Y of the ratio of the sum of the norms of these elements to the supremum (over functionals with unit norm) of the sums of absolute values of the functional on these elements.
Histórias das/os trabalhadoras/es da instrução pública primária
Authors: Ananias Mauricéia , Pinheiro Antonio Carlos Ferreira , Miranda Itacyara Viana
Published: April 2024

A narrativa conta a história das/dos trabalhadoras/es a partir das suas experiências cotidianas no “fazer-se” profissional da instrução pública primária no momento histórico em que viveram. Trata-se de saber quanto recebiam as/os professoras/es na Província da Parahyba do Norte e comparar com os valores de moradias, aluguéis e de pessoas escravizadas e outros montantes pagos às/ aos demais trabalhadores/as da época. O estudo tem início em 1858, com a lei nº 9 de 29 de outubro, que prescreveu os valores salariais dos docentes residentes na Capital e de outras localidades, e se estende até 1864 com a lei nº 178, de 30 de novembro, que elencou normativas para a instrução pública e particular, primária e secundária. O referencial teórico da história social tornou-se suporte para a análise das leis e regulamentos da instrução, dos relatórios de presidentes de Província, jornais e documentos diversos catalogados em arquivos nacionais e estaduais do Brasil. Utilizaram-se dois conjuntos de categorias para análise: como os preços das moradias e/ou aluguéis/compra/venda de imóveis; o custo de escravizados/as e salários pagos a outros/as trabalhadores/as. O intercruzamento dos preços com os salários e gratificações permitiu a aproximação dos valores de ordenados recebidos. Conclui-se que estes salários eram desatualizados, pois retrocederam ao regulamento de 1852 com a média, em 1864, de 400$000 rs. anuais e, portanto insuficientes para garantir a sobrevivência das/os professoras/es de primeiras letras da Província da Parahyba do Norte.
Modulating the graphitic domains of hard carbons via tuning resin crosslinking degree to achieve high rate and stable sodium storage
Authors: Lu Zhixiu , Yin Xiuping , Ji Yelin , Li Caixia , Wang Ruixiao , Li Shenqi , Yuan Tao , Zhao Yufeng
Published: April 2024

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as an outstanding alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to abundant sodium sources and their similar chemistry. As a most promising anode of SIBs, hard carbons (HCs) receive extensive attention because of their low potential and low cost, but their rational design for commercial SIBs is restricted by their variable and complicated microstructure, which is analogous to that of graphite in LIBs. Herein, a series of controllable HC materials derived from 3-aminophenol formaldehyde resin (AFR) were designed and fabricated. We discover that the optimized HC features expanded graphite regions, highly developed nanopores, and reduced defect content, contributing to the enhanced Na+ storage. This optimization is achieved by adjusting the resin crosslinking degree of the precursor. Specifically, a resin precursor with a higher crosslinking degree can produce HC with a larger interlayer distance, relatively higher crystallinity, and a lower specific surface area. Encouragingly, the as-optimized AFR-HC electrode manifests superior electrochemical performance in the aspect of high capacity (383 mAh·g-1 at 0.05 A·g-1), better rate capability (140 mAh·g-1 at 20 A·g-1), and high initial coulombic efficiency (82%) than other contrast samples. Moreover, the as-constructed full cell coupled with a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode shows an energy density of 250 Wh·kg-1. Together with the simple synthesis, cost-efficiency of the precursors and superior electrochemical performance, AFR-HCs are promising for the commercial application.
Challenges in determining the malignant potential of atypical neurofibromas (aNF) using histopathologic features and the potential need for CDKN2A/2B testing: a case report
Authors: Gross Andrea M. , Mahmood Sana Z. , Dombi Eva , Miettinen Markku , Raffeld Mark , Dufek Anne , Patel Sneh , Chittiboina Prashant , Widemann Brigitte C.
Published: April 2024

Atypical neurofibromas (aNF) are peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) histologically defined by cytologic atypia, hypercellularity, loss of neurofibroma architecture, and/or increased mitotic activity. aNF often have a heterozygous loss of CDKN2A/B in addition to homozygous NF1 loss. On MRI, aNF frequently appear as distinct nodular lesions, grow faster than plexiform neurofibromas, and have increased avidity on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. At least some aNF are considered to be at greater risk for transformation to highly aggressive malignant PNSTs. We have observed that some PNSTs demonstrate a discrepancy between histological, clinical, and genomic criteria, where a PNST without histologically concerning findings may have clinical and imaging features concerning aNF and CDKN2A/B loss. This case series highlights this discrepancy and suggests the inclusion of CDKN2A/B loss to define aNF, along with clinical and imaging findings, to determine the potential for malignant transformation, and to select appropriate clinical management.
KARAKTERISASI SELULASE TERMOSTABIL ASAL ISOLAT BAKTERI TANAH PERTANIAN PASANG SURUT
Authors: Lestari Rini Sahrida , Nur Hasrul Satria , Imaningsih Witiyasti
Published: April 2024

Cellulase is an enzyme that can break up β - (1→4) glycosidic bonds of cellulose. Generally, cellulases are classified into three major groups, i.e., endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), exoglucanase (EC 3.2.1 .91), and β glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). Meanwhile, five isolates of tidal swamp soil have been isolated; thus, in this research step, we are acquainted with cellulase activity and the characterization of cellulase enzymes on various temperatures, pH, and specific substrates. The activity of an enzyme was measured using the modified Miller and Bradford methods to detect the specific characteristics of the isolate. The results showed that five isolates namely ATP-1 BKP-5, HAMML-2, PKL-2, and SPBKK-3 have activities 0.025 nKat.ml-1, 0.032 nKat.ml-1, 0.296 nKat.ml-1, 0.114 nKat.ml-1, and 0.087 nKat.ml-1, respectively. Furthermore, cellulase from isolates ATP 1, BKP-5, and PKL 2 have an optimum activity at pH 7,0; 50 oC. The isolate HAMML-2 has an optimum activity at pH 5,0; 60 oC. SPBK 3 has an optimum activity at pH 5,0; 50 oC. All of those isolates can degrade CMC, Avicell, and Whatman paper No.1 and retain the activity relative to the temperatures 50 and 60 0C as the characteristics of the thermostable enzyme.
BIODEGRADATION OF CHITOSAN MEMBRANE SCALES OF HARUAN FISH (Channa striata)-HYDROXYAPATITE IN ARTIFICIAL SALIVA SOLUTION
Authors: Kamila Syifa , Tri Putri Deby Kania , Carabelly Amy Nindia , Budipramana Melissa , Setiawan Bambang
Published: April 2024

Background: Membrane materials for surgical procedures using Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) are Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and collagen, but have the disadvantage of requiring further surgical procedures to remove membranes after use and rapid degradation properties. Haruan (Channa striata) fish scale chitosan is expected to be an alternative material for GTR membranes. Purpose: To determine the longer degradation time between chitosan membranes and chitosan+HA membranes in artificial saliva. Methods: This study used true experimental with post test only with control design using three treatments of 5% chitosan, 5% + 2 gr chitosan, and 5% + HA 4 gr of chitosan, positive control of GTR membrane with time intervals of 1, 7, 14, and 21 days in artificial saliva. Results: The results of the Kruskall Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference, the Mann Whitney Post Hoc test yielded 5% chitosan with chitosan+2 gr HA and chitosan+2gr HA with chitosan+4 gr HA had a p value <0.05 p=(0.000) in the 14th day, 5% chitosan with chitosan+4gr HA had a p value <0.05 p=(0.000) significant on days 7 and 14, and the positive control with all treatments had a p value <0.05 p=(0.000) . Conclusion: Chitosan and chitosan+HA membranes resulted in a degradation time of 21 days. Chitosan membrane + 2 g HA membrane was the best treatment because the remaining weight of the membrane was greater than the other treatments.Keywords : Channa striata, Chitosan, Degradation Test, Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR), Hydroxyapatite, Remaining Membrane Weight
PENGARUH PERENDAMAN AIR PDAM BANDARMASIH TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN GIGI PASCA PENGAPLIKASIAN KARBAMID PEROKSIDA 20%
Authors: Taqiyuddin Ham Muhammad Nabiel , Wardhana Agung Satria , Nahzi Muhammad Yanuar Ichrom , Hatta Isnur , Puspitasari Dewi
Published: April 2024

Background: One of the treatments to overcome the problem of discolored teeth is to do tooth whitening or bleaching. The tooth whitening agent that is often used is carbamide peroxide which is applied directly to the tooth enamel surface. Several factors that can affect tooth enamel are the degree of acidity or potential hydrogen (pH), acid concentration, dissolving time and the presence of calcium-like ions, and the level of water hardness. Most of the people in Banjarmasin City still frequently use PDAM water as drinking water and for daily use Objective: To analyze the effect of immersing PDAM water and distilled water on tooth surface roughness after application of 20% carbamide peroxide. Methods: Using a pure experimental design with the Posttest Only With Control Group Design and simple random sampling technique. The total sample was 16 maxillary first premolars which were divided into 3 treatment groups and 1 control group. Results: analysis of the One Way Anova test with Bonferroni's Post-Hoc showed no difference in roughness between the PDAM water immersion and distilled water groups with or without the application of 20% carbamide peroxide (p>0.05). There was a difference in roughness between the group that was given carbamide peroxide and the group that was not given carbamide peroxide 20% (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of PDAM water immersion on tooth surface roughness after application of 20% carbamide peroxide, but the resulting roughness is not significant.Keywords: PDAM water, Tooth Surface Roughness, 20% Carbamide Peroxide
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF UNTUK MATA PELAJARAN AL-QUR’AN HADITS KELAS VII
Authors: Purnama Yusup , Salim Agus , Mastur Mastur
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif pada mata pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadits kelas VII. Jenis penelitian yang diterapkan yaitu Research & Development dengan model pengembangan 4D. Model 4D terbagi kedalam 4 tahapan utama dan beberapa tahapan kecil didalamnya. Tahapan dalam model pengembangan 4D antara lain, define, design, development, dissemination. Teknik analisis pengambilan data yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data teknik analisis kuantitatif deskriptif menggunakan skala likert. Hasil penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif pada materi Al-Qur’an Hadits kelas VII dan mengetahui kelayakannya. Skor kelayakan dari ahli media keseluruhan mendapatkan nilai  74,28%  dan  masuk  kedalam kategori  “Layak”,  selanjutnya  skor  keseluruhan  ahli  materi didapatkan nilai 80% dan masuk ke dalam kategori “Sangat Layak”. Sementara hasil respon siswa mendapatkan nilai keseluruhan 84,22% dan masuk kategori skor “Sangat Layak”. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian tersebut maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa media yang telah dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pada materi Al-Qur’an Hadits kelas VII.
Memaknai Merdeka Belajar
Authors: Sufyadi Susanti
Published: April 2024

Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar seri pertama yang dicanangkan Menteri Pendidikan Kebudayaan Riset dan Teknologi dan mencangkup 4 (empat) poin yaitu: pengalihan pelaksanaan USBN menjadi kewenangan satuan pendidikan, penghapusan Ujian Nasional di Tahun 2021, penyederhanaan RPP yang berfokus pada 3 (tiga) komponen meliputi: tujuan pembelajaran, kegiatan pembelajaran,  penilaian,  dan  poin  ke  empat  yaitu  penambahan  proporsi jalur  prestasi  pada penerimaan peserta didik baru dalam sistem zonasi. Kebijakan ini kemudian di ikuti dengan seri kebijakan Merdeka Belajar lainnya, yang paling terkait dengan seri yang pertama adalah Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar seri ke-7 (tujuh) dan ke-8 (delapan), yaitu: Program Sekolah Penggerak dan Program SMK Pusat Keunggulan. Sampai saat ini implementasi kebijakan Merdeka Belajar masih menjadi topik yang ramai dibicarakan, sebagai bagian dari ekosistem pendidikan kita tidak bisa hanya menunggu dan  menjadi pengamat, kontribusi dapat diberikan sejak dari sekarang  dan  seterusnya  untuk mendukung implementasi kebijakan ini. Isi dari artikel ini tidak membahas langsung poin-poin dalam kebijakan Merdeka Belajar namun lebih mengarah pada penjelasan rasional untuk membangun pemahaman akan makna dan urgensi Merdeka Belajar serta keterkaitan seri kebijakan Merdeka Belajar secara umum. Pembahasan dilakukan merujuk pada kajian literatur dan analisis hasil evaluasi   implementasi   Kurikulum   2013  yang   dilaksanakan   pada Pusat   Kurikulum  dan Pembelajaran di Tahun 2019. Melalui artikel ini penulis berharap dapat berbagi pemikiran tentang makna Merdeka Belajar, agar kemudian kita semua dapat menentukan kontribusi yang dapat diberikan untuk mendukung implementasi kebijakan ini.
Pendekatan Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning Dalam Setting Kelas Inklusi
Authors: Mansur Hamsi
Published: April 2024

Kualitas pendidikan di sekolah dasar (SD) inklusi tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kualitas guru yang mengajar didepan kelas dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran. Seorang guru yang profesional dituntut untuk mampu mengelola proses pembelajaran, penguasaan materi, penggunaann metode dan alat peraga yang tepat, serta memotivasi siswa untuk belajar sehingga dapat tercipta kondisi belajar yang efektif dan efesien. Pendidikan di SD inklusi memerlukan pengajaran dari berbagai disiplin ilmu. Pembelajaran yang tepat bagi siswa berkebutuhan khusus di SD inklusi adalah harus sesuai dengan struktur kognitif anak, yaitu materi harus menyederhanakan konsep yang terstruktur sehingga mereka bisa membangun sendiri pola pikir maupun ide-ide tentang peristiwa yang diperoleh dari pengalaman mereka, karena proses perkembangan belajar siswa berkebutuhana khusus SD inklusi memiliki kecenderungan beranjak dari hal-hal yang konkrit ke hal-hal yang abstrak, seperti memandang sesuatu yang dipelajari sebagai suatu kebutuhan melalui serangkaian proses. Pengajaran dan pembelajaran kontekstual/contextual teaching and learning (CTL) memiliki dua peranan dalam pendidikan yaitu sebagai filsofi pendidikan yang mengansumsikan bahwa peranan pendidikan adalah membantu siswa menemukan makna dalam pendidikan dengan cara-cara menerapkan pengetahuan tersebut didalam dunia nyata. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk membantu siswa memahami mengapa yang mereka pelajari itu penting. Sedangkan sebagai strategi pengajaran dengan CTL memadukan teknik-teknik yang dapat membantu siswa menjadi lebih aktif sebagai pembelajar dan reflektif terhadap pengalamanya. Berdasarkan pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengajaran dan pembelajaran kontekstual adalah sebuah pembelajaran yang membantu guru mengaitkan isi materi pembelajaran denagan dunia nyata, khususnya untuk SD inklusi
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN EBOOK UNTUK MATA KULIAH MEDIA TELEVISI DAN VIDEO
Authors: Gusvita Erica , Mansur Hamsi , Utama Agus Hadi
Published: April 2024

Penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran Ebook untuk mata kuliah media televisi dan video pada usaha untuk menunjang proses pembelajaran yang menarik, interaktif, mandiri, dan kolaboratif. Mata kuliah media televisi dan video adalah target sasaran dari pengembangan media pembelajaran Ebook yang menitikberatkan pada penguasaan konsep broadcasting. Prosedur pengembangan pada penelitian ini diadaptasi dari model Alessi & Trollip yang memiliki 3 (tiga) tahapan proses pengembangan planning, design, dan developmet. Instrumen uji kelayakan yang terdiri dari 3 (tiga) atribut, yaitu: standard, ongoing evaluation, dan project management. Subyek model penerapan media pembelajaran Ebook ini adalah dosen, mahasiswa, dan khalayak umum yang dilakukan dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Instrumen data penelitian kemudian dianalisis oleh peneliti dengan menggambarkan data yang diperoleh sebagaimana adanya melalui teknik analisis data model interaktif triangulasi sumber data: pengumpulan data, reduksi, dan penyajian data, serta verifikasi/penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terciptanya media pembelajaran Ebook yang layak digunakan untuk pembelajar dan atau khalayak umum.
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO ANIMASI PEMBELAJARAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA KELAS IX
Authors: Baihaqi Irsyad , Utama Agus Hadi
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengembangan dan menguji kelayakan dari pengembangan video animasi pembelajaran, pada mata pelajaran IPA tentang materi listrik dinamis untuk kelas IX di SMPN 23 Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian R&D (Research & Development). Adapun model pengembangan yang digunakan dalam mengembangkan video animasi ini yaitu menggunakan model 4D. Tahapan yang dilakukan dalam model 4D terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu tahapan pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan terdiri dari wawancara, observasi, dan kuisioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan skala likert. Penilaian produk dilakukan melalui uji validasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan uji validasi oleh ahli media diperoleh nilai persentase sebesar 90% dengan kategori sangat layak. Uji validasi oleh ahli materi diperoleh nilai persentase sebesar 89% dengan kategori sangat layak juga. Jadi, media video animasi pembelajaran ini sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran
EVALUASI VIDEO ANIMASI PEMBELAJARAN MATERI GLOBALISASI MATA PELAJARAN IPS KELAS IX
Authors: Saraswati Dhanti Retno , Sarbaini Sarbaini , Rafiudin Rafiudin
Published: April 2024

Evaluasi media adalah suatu upaya yang dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa media pembelajaran yang sedang dikembangkan terjamin berkualitas baik. Fungsi dari evaluasi media sendiri untuk mentukan bagaimana kelayakan isi materi pada media video animasi pembelajaran, menilai bagaimana kelayakan penyajian pada media video animasi pembelajaran, dan menentukan apakah video animasi pembelajaran layak diimplementasikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah, untuk menganalisis media video animasi pembelajaran materi globalisasi mata pelajaran IPS kelas IX, mengetahui kelayakan isi materi, dan untuk mengetahui kelayakan penyajian media video animasi pembelajaran materi globalisasi mata pelajaran IPS kelas IX. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu evaluasi formatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan media video animasi pembelajaran materi globalisasi mata pelajaran IPS kelas IX pada aspek kelayakan isi mendapatkan hasil dengan kategori “kurang baik” dengan presentase kelayakan materi yaitu  43,05% sedangkan pada aspek penyajian mendapatkan hasil dengan kategori“baik” dengan presentase  kelayakan media 59,31% dan sebagai rekomendasi dalam penelitian ini video animasi pembelajaran materi globalisasi mata pelajaran IPS belum dapat diimplementasikan disekolah lainnya
EVALUASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ANDROID MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS X SMK
Authors: Nursa'adiah Nursa'adiah , Mansur Hamsi , Mastur Mastur
Published: April 2024

Dalam pembelajaran sering terjadi permasalahan belajar yang menyebabkan kurang efektifnya proses pembelajaran, faktor penyebab seperti: kurangnya fasilitas pembelajaran, sumber belajar yang kurang menyenangkan sehingga kurang menarik perhatian siswa. Adanya media pembelajaran dianggap dapat meningkatkan minat belajar serta membangkitkan semangat siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kelayakan isi dan kelayakan penyajian media pembelajaran berbasis android pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia SMK Negeri 3 Banjarmasin. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian evaluasi dan model yang digunakan yaitu evaluasi sumatif. Hasil penelitian evaluasi didapat dari total keseluruhan penilaian kelayakan isi materi dan total keseluruhan penilaian kelayakan penyajian media. (1) pada kelayakan isi materi dari total keseluruhan berada pada kategori “kurang layak”, (2) sedangkan pada kelayakan penyajian media dari total keseluruhan juga berada pada kategori “kurang layak”. Berdasarkan hasil persentase tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk dikatakan “kurang layak” untuk digunakan, peneliti memberikan rekomendasi bagi pengembang selanjutnya agar dilakukan perbaikan pada beberapa aspek yang disarankan agar media pembelajaran layak digunakan dan menghasilkan media yang berkualitas.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MOBILE LEARNING PADA MATA PELAJARAN PEMROGRAMAN WEB DAN PERANGKAT BERGERAK
Authors: Tusshafna Qizhaya Halima , Mansur Hamsi , Mastur Mastur
Published: April 2024

Penggunaan smartphone yang semakin luas menciptakan potensi pemanfaatan sebagai media pembelajaran. Potensi pemanfaatan media smartphone kemudian mengarahkan tujuan akhir dari penelitian yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran mobile learning pada mata pelajaran pemrograman web dan perangkat bergerak di SMKN 4 Banjarmasin. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research & Development). Metode yang digunakan dalam mengembangkan mobile learning adalah model Alessi & Trollip. Tahapan yang dilaksanakan dalam pengembangan mobile learning terdiri atas tahap perencanaan, tahap desain, dan tahap pengembangan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan skala likert. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan skor kelayakan dari ahli media sebesar 95,56% dan 86,26% termasuk ke dalam kategori “Sangat Layak”, sementara skor kelayakan dari ahli materi didapat sebesar 79,63% dan 98,15% termasuk kedalam kategori “Sangat Layak”. Berdasarkan hasil kelayakan, media pembelajaran mobile learning telah dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran sebagaimana mestinya.
PEMANFAATAN E-LEARNING RUANGGURU SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 10 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Rizqiah Adidah , Mansur Hamsi , Sufyadi Susanti
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini masuk kedalam jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) Mengetahui pemanfaatan E-Learning Ruangguru sebagai media pendukung proses pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Biologi kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 10 Banjarmasin, (2) Mengetahui peningkatkan hasil belajar melalui E-Learning Ruangguru pada mata pelajaran Biologi kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 10 Banjarmasin dengan penerapan media E-Learning ruangguru dan pembelajaran konvensional. Metode penelitian memakai pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian quasi eksperiment tipe nonequivalent control group design dan memakai teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penilaian data validasi saat menguji dalam lingkup validitas soal, reliabilitas soal, tingkat kesukaran, dan daya pembeda soal menggunakan SPSS 16.0 berada dikategori sangat layak. Tes percobaan yang dilaksanakan untuk siswa memperlihatkan bahwasannya skor semua responden dengan jumlah 42 pada kategori sangat layak. Hasil pengujian pemakaian e-learning ruangguru dalam hal sebuah peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui analisis uji Independent Sample T-Test hasilnya didapat nilai Sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05 maka bisa diberi sebuah simpulan bahwasannya terdapat peningkatan signifikan e-learning ruangguru dengan kategori sangat layak digunakan sebagai media pendukung pembelajaran siswa.