bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compensation of Positioning Errors Caused by Tropospheric Wave Propagation in Wide-Area Multilateration Systems
Authors: Monakov A. A. , Mirolubov A. M.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Wide area multilateration (WAM) systems are the main competitors of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) systems used in air traffic control (ATC). The general principle of WAM operation is based on the assessment of pseudoranges between a signal source (an aircraft airborne transponder) and the ground receivers with precisely known geographical coordinates deployed over the ATC area. The aircraft position is estimated by measuring pseudoranges. A significant factor affecting the accuracy of aircraft positioning is tropospheric refraction, a phenomenon caused by the inhomogeneity of the earth's atmosphere and manifested in a deviation in the direction of the rays along which the signal of an aircraft transponder propagates. Refraction increases the lengths of ray paths, thus increasing the corresponding pseudoranges. As a result, the estimate of the aircraft position receives an additional bias. Altitude estimates produce unreasonably large errors.

Aim. To develop a mathematical model for the signals received by a WAM system, which accounts for tropospheric wave propagation, as well as to derive an algorithm for aircraft positioning with compensated tropospheric errors.

Materials and methods. Equations for the pseudorange estimation errors caused by wave propagation in a spherically stratified atmosphere were derived using the method of geometrical optics.

Results. This paper proposed a mathematical model for pseudorange estimates in WAM systems, which accounts for the bias associated with the phenomenon of tropospheric refraction. An analysis of the proposed model showed that pseudorange errors depend linearly on the distance between the aircraft transponder and the receiver. This conclusion allowed an algorithm for aircraft positioning with compensated tropospheric errors to be developed. The proposed algorithm yields an unbiased estimate of the aircraft position. The standard deviation of altitude estimates increases by 60%, although remaining within the limits permissible for WAM systems.

Conclusions. The developed mathematical model of WAM signals, which considers tropospheric propagation errors in pseudorange estimation, as well as the algorithm for aircraft positioning with compensated tropospheric errors, can be used in the development of spatially distributed navigation systems.
Interior Optimization Methods with Electronics Applications
Authors: Casesnoves Francisco
Published: December 2020

The nonlinear multiobjective optimization problem constitutes a difficult task to find/determine a global minimum, approximated-global minimum, or a convenient local minimum whith/without constraints. Nonlinear systems of equations principles set the base for further development of Interior Optimization and Interior-Graphical Optimization [Casesnoves, 2016-7]. Mathematical proofs with mathematical definitions, algorithms, and nonlinear optimization equations are presented. From Graphical Optimization 3D optimization stages, it is proven that solution of nonlinear systems of equations is not unique in general. Software-engineering and computational simulations are shown with electronics superconductors and electronics physics applications. Extensions to similar applications for materials-tribology models and Biomedical Tribology are explained.
Physical and Mechanical Property Evolution of Jute and E-glass fiber Hybrid PMC'S
Authors: Singh Dharmendra Kumar , Reddy Kunuthur Manohar , Balasubramanyam L.
Published: December 2020

Now a day’s Natural Fibres Composites owing importance due to its Bio degradability, Light weight& Strength etc ., This project aims to investigate Mechanical Property evaluation of Jute fibre Eglassfiber, without chemical treatment and applied an compression load on the Jute fibre layers to be in uniform and Unidirectional. To evaluate the mechanical properties and weights of specimens are2 and 3 layeerstaken, Epoxy & Hardener constant for all specimens. The Specimens prepared by Hand layup technique and specimen cuts with Manual Hacksaw frame and applied smooth filing to avoid notches during cutting. Testing’s for Mechanical properties evaluation used are tensile, and 3-Point Flexural testing’s on computerized UTM (INSTRON 3369). Hardness and Impact tests also performed per the ASTM standards.
Implementation of Network Address Translation Using TCP/IP Model In Internet Communication System
Authors: khaing Ei Ei , Khaing Mya Thet , Soe Akari Myint , Than Shwe Sin Myat
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, many people will be used internet that for their work, communication, education, economic and organization necessary that is used today. Network address translation (NAT) is a method of remapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. A network is a system of hardware and software, put together for the purpose of communication and resource sharing. A network includes transmission hardware devise to interconnect transmission media and to control transmissions and software to decode and format data. The Internet protocol suite is the computer networking model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks. Knowledge on how the internet is able to communicate with internet users is a mystery to some people. Internet communication need to be TCP/IP protocol which means that TCP is Transmission Control Protocol, or what is sometimes simply used to refer to Internet Protocol, is the basic unit for communication on the internet. This can also be applied to private internet, like Ethernet and so on. Despite TCP and IP being used interchangeably, there is a slight difference between the two in relation to the roles they play IP is directly responsible for obtaining internet addresses and then it is the work of TCP to deliver the data obtained to the addresses achieved by IP. TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination. This paper aim is described operation and models of TCP-IP suite in data communication network.
Basic Concepts of Algebra in Deep Learning
Authors: Pravallika T. , Reddy C. V. Raja Gopal , Subbarayudu C.
Published: December 2020

Algebra is extremely important for understanding Machine Learning, especially for Deep Learning. They provide you better feeling for a way algorithms really work under the duvet, which enables you to form better decisions. You would wish to be an expert during this field; you can't escape from mastering of its concept. During this topic we'll give the foremost important concept of algebra that are utilized in Deep Learning.
ICT4D and E-government
Authors: Okemwa Joshua , Nambiro Alice
Published: December 2020

The advancements surrounding information and communication technologies have become ubiquitous so much so that governments are now compelled to use them to reduce cost and increase their efficiency. E-government entails the application of information and communication technologies to deliver government services, increase interaction between the government and citizens, and improve the efficiency of the government. This paper details the various aspects of e-government implementation, ICT4D policies, and case studies from the United States and Kenya. Kenya is fast catching up with the rest of the world, having benchmarked the local e-government system with systems in Malaysia, Singapore, the UK, and South Africa among other nations. Limitations that the local implementation faces are detailed with the future of e-government being pitted as fruitful despite myriad infrastructural and training deficiencies.
Tectonics of Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide (VMS) Deposits at Flores Back Arc Basin: A Review
Authors: Aryanto Noor CD , Kurnio Hananto
Published: December 2020

The bathymetry, petrology, marine magnetic, and seismic-SBP data have identified the northwest-southeast direction submarine ridge that shows hydrothermal activity. This activity occurred through Mount Baruna Komba, Abang Komba, and Ibu Komba. The volcanic rocks are andesite basaltic lava flows, tuff, and pumice. The andesite basaltic lava shows porphyritic, intergranular, intersertal to glomeroporphyritic textures. The rock composes anhedral minerals of k-feldspar, plagioclase, and pyroxene. These minerals present in small-sized, short prismatic dispersed in very fine groundmass minerals or glasses. Most of the volcanic rocks have experienced various degrees of alteration. The k-feldspar and plagioclase are most dominantly transformed into sericite, clay mineral, carbonate, epidote and oxide mineral, opaque mineral, and secondary plagioclase through the albitization process, while pyroxene replaced by chlorite. Other minerals are biotite and quartz, and base metals are present Cu, Zn, Ag, As, Pb, and gold. Mineralization categorizes as the phyllic zone, sub-prophylithic zone, and phyllic-potassic zone that formed at a temperature range of 250-400oC. The submarine hydrothermal alteration in the Komba Ridge is associated with a volcanogenic sulphide deposit controlled by crust thinning due to the crust rifts in the back-arc tectonic setting.
Futbolda Yetenek Seçiminin Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci ve TOPSIS Yöntemi Aracılığıyla Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ESEN Serkan , USLU Tuna
Published: December 2020

Sporda ideal başarının elde edilebilmesi için, spora yönelik yeteneğin erken yaşta keşfedilmesi ve çocuğun yeteneğine uygun branşlara yönlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Sporda mükemmellik arayışı yetenek tespiti, yeteneğin tanımlanması, seçimi ve geliştirilmesi olmak üzere dört aşamada tanımlanmaktadır. Ancak futbolda antrenörlerin daha iyi seçim yapmalarına destek olmak amacıyla çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden yararlanılabilir. Bu amaçla çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinin futbolda yetenek seçimi için nasıl kullanılabileceğini sınamak üzere yaş ortalaması 9,64±0,37 olan 20 erkek ilkokul öğrencisinin motorik beceri ölçüm değerleri Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci ve Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) yöntemleri aracılığı ile değerlendirilmiştir. İlgili alan yazın incelenerek kritik göstergeler belirlenmiş, futbol uzmanlarından görüş alınarak kriterler ve karar hiyerarşisi oluşturulmuştur. Analizde öncelikle futbola özgü kriterlerin (denge, reaksiyon, çabukluk, sıçrama, dayanıklılık ve esneklik) ağırlıklarının belirlenmesi için Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci yöntemi kullanılmış, sporcuların sıralamasının yapılması için de Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ortaya çıkan sıralama incelendiğinde kriter ağırlıklarının sıralamadaki önemi ve nitel değerlendirmenin sonucu nasıl etkilediği gösterilmiştir. İleride yapılacak çalışmalarda futbol branşı için hesaplanan alana özgü ağırlıkların haricinde, diğer branşlara yönelik benzer şekilde uzmanlar yardımıyla ağırlıkların hesaplanması, yetenek seçiminde hesaplamalı bir yöntem için de temel oluşturacaktır
An investigation on suit choices of men with muscular body structure
Authors: BAHADIR ÜNAL Zümrüt
Published: December 2020

Erkeklerin özellikle iş ortamında ve özel günlerde sıkça kullandıkları takım elbisenin rahat ve konforlu olması istenmektedir. Bu nedenle takım elbiseler, çeşitli vücut yapılarına göre geliştirilmiş ölçü tablolarına göre üretilmektedir. Ancak vücut geliştirme amaçlı spor yapan; atletik vücut yapısına sahip erkeklere yönelik üretime rastlanmamıştır. Bu kişilere yönelik bir ölçü tablosunun geliştirilmesi amacıyla vücut geliştirme sporu yapan kişilere bir anket uygulanmış ve takım elbise konusundaki görüş ve sorunları tespit edilmiştir. Bu sorunlara çözüm olması amacıyla kişilerden alınan ölçülerle takım elbise üretiminde gerekli olan özel bir ölçü tablosu geliştirilmiştir. Bu özel ölçülerle normal vücut ölçüleri karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Mobility, energy, environment and disruptive innovation: Challenges, opportunities and perspective for new sustainable integrated approaches to planning
Authors: Grea Gabriele , Besagni Giorgio , Borgarello Marco
Published: December 2020

The transport sector represents approximately 30% of the final energy consumption in the Eu-ropean Union. Cars, trucks and light vehicles are responsible for 70% of the final energy con-sumed in the transport sector (source: Eurostat). The process of decarbonisation of mobility is represented by a combination of technological, behavioural and policy dynamics to be effec-tively fostered and combined in order to maximise their impact. The introduction provides a review of the main mobility and energy integrated planning ap-proaches represented by Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) and Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans (SECAPs), as well as a brief overview of the expected impacts of disruptive innovation and their inclusion in the revised approach towards mobility planning in Europe. This picture provides the framework for the presentation of the papers selected for the 2020 EPEE special issue on sustainable mobility, and their contribution to the progress of economic research to increase the knowledge of innovation trends that strongly influence the evolution of urban mobility networks.
Effects of temperature on economic attractiveness and airborne emissions' external costs of large battery electric and diesel delivery vans
Authors: Giordano Alessandro , Scott Matthews H. , Fischbeck Paul , Baptista Patrícia
Published: December 2020

Past studies have shown that public support for battery electric (BEV) vans is justified by their emission external cost savings compared to their diesel equivalent. This study builds on this previous work and focuses on temperature effects on costs and energy use of large BEV and diesel vans. The authors find that temperature effect has relatively small private costs, when compared to the overall operational costs. However, it could reduce large BEV vans' average range by up to 20% in cold cities. Pre-heating the vans could mitigate these negative effects by 5-10%, 90-95% and 100% for 23.4, 46.8 and 70.2 kWh large BEV vans, respectively. Hence, policy makers should adopt different strategies according to city temperature profiles, prioritiz-ing subsidies to charging stations in cold cities.
Is the effect of Indian energy price shocks asymmetric on the stock market at the firm level? A panel SVAR approach
Authors: Aruna Bhagavatula , Acharya Rajesh H.
Published: December 2020

This paper examines, using monthly data from 1995 to 2016, whether the oil, coal and electric-ity price shocks have an asymmetric influence on stock returns and inflation. The paper has employed Panel Structural Vector Autoregressive (PSVAR) model with various measures of the oil, coal and electricity price shocks on a dataset containing 1168 firms. Results from Pan-el-SVAR reveal that all oil, coal and electricity price specifications have an asymmetric impact on stock returns. Further, impulse response function reveals that the various dimensions of oil, coal and electricity price shocks lead to volatility in the response variables. It can also be ob-served that negative coal and electricity price shock has a radical impact on stock returns. Overall, the study on asymmetric impact of net oil and coal price increase, deserves attention from the investors and policy makers.
Case Study Method in Financial Communication Studies: A Review and a Systemic Approach Proposal
Authors: Ramassa Paola
Published: December 2020

Financial communication has been studied from a variety of perspectives, largely focusing on features, determinants and outcomes of specific kinds of documents and disclosures. This paper reviews prior literature on the topic with particular regard to research methods in order to identify opportunities for further research. In the light of these open questions, a systemic approach is suggested for future studies on financial communication. According to this perspective, the paper shifts the focus from the analysis of specific messages and documents to the study of financial communication policies and strategy, which result from the interactions of specific choices and elements. To investigate the topic, it proposes the adoption of the case study research strategy and discusses its potential.
L'avviamento nei bilanci aziendali: impairment test e disclosure
Authors: D'Alauro Gabriele
Published: December 2020

L'applicazione all'avviamento dell'

test costituisce uno dei temi maggiormente dibattuti in ambito internazionale, in relazione ai molteplici profili di soggettività insiti nei criteri di valutazione previsti dallo IAS 36 e al conseguente rischio che detta procedura possa costituire un potenziale strumento di politiche di bilancio. Attraverso un'indagine comparata dei bilanci di società quotate italiane e inglesi dal 2005 al 2008, si intende verificare il trattamento contabile dell'avviamento, in particolare nel caso di segnali di perdite di valore, nonché la corrispondente

fornita al riguardo. Nella ricerca sono analizzate le relazioni intercorrenti tra entità della svalutazione dell'avviamento, valutazione dell'azienda riflessa dalle corrispondenti quotazioni di borsa, e grado di

sull'avviamento. Presumendo che la qualità della

esprima il livello di attendibilità con cui si sono applicate le disposizioni dello IAS 36, si verifica l'ipotesi che la mancata effettuazione di svalutazioni, pur in presenza di indicatori di perdite di valore dell'avviamento, conduca le aziende a fornire una

sull'

non completa né soddisfacente.
L'evoluzione del Progetto Insurance dello IASB e i possibili riflessi nel bilancio delle imprese assicuratrici
Authors: Agliata Francesco , Tuccillo Danilo
Published: December 2020

Il presente lavoro esamina le tendenze evolutive in atto nel procedimento di rendicontazione economico-finanziaria delle imprese di assicurazione conseguenti all'applicazione dei principi contabili internazionali IAS/IFRS. L'obiettivo della ricerca, condotta con taglio prevalentemente deduttivo, è verificare/dimostrare come alcuni postulati del modello di bilancio promossi dal

possano ritenersi applicati o disattesi - a seguito della disciplina dettata dal

dello IASB - nello specifico ambito pertinente l'industria assicurativa. L'indagine, pertanto, si rivolge inizialmente e brevemente ad esaminare da un punto di vista economico-aziendale gli aspetti caratteristici dell'attività assicurativa e l'impostazione della prassi contabile nazionale riguardante le componenti economiche/ patrimoniali tipiche delle imprese di assicurazione. Dopo di che, è posta attenzione alle problematiche ed agli aspetti evolutivi dell'

, anche alla luce dei contenuti delle

ricevute dallo IASB a seguito della emanazione dell'ED/2010/8

; infine, nell'ultimo paragrafo, in relazione a quanto discusso in precedenza, si compie un'analisi su come e se possano reputarsi applicati quei postulati del modello IASB anzidetti; si tenta altresì una comparazione, unicamente ove possibile, tra i probabili riflessi desumibili a seguito dell'adozione di un sistema di

(previsto nella Fase I) o di

(prescelto nella Fase II).
Il rendiconto finanziario e le piccole imprese: un modello operativo per i soggetti esterni
Authors: Branciari Sergio
Published: December 2020

Le piccole imprese, anche se presentano il bilancio in forma ordinaria, spesso non redigono il rendiconto finanziario, ritenendone complessa l'elaborazione. Il lavoro propone un modello di redazione del rendiconto finanziario per tali imprese, con l'intento di favorirne la diffusione e l'uso. Il modello in questione, rivolto in primo luogo ai soggetti esterni, viene poi testato partendo dalle informazioni tratte dal bilancio pubblico di una piccola impresa.
Il prospetto di raccordo nella comunicazione economico-finanziaria consolidata
Authors: Fornaciari Luca
Published: December 2020

Il lavoro approfondisce la funzione informativa del prospetto di raccordo tra i valori di sintesi d'esercizio e quelli di gruppo nell'ambito della comunicazione economico- finanziaria consolidata. Attraverso un'analisi empirica compiuta sui prospetti redatti da un campione di cento società quotate alla Borsa Valori di Milano, sono offerte alcune considerazioni sulla capacità degli schemi presentati di soddisfare le finalità informative per le quali vengono redatti. Obiettivo del contributo è aumentare la chiarezza, la trasparenza e la comparabilità dei prospetti redatti, al fine di una migliore tutela del risparmio. In particolare, tale finalità è perseguita attraverso la presentazione di due possibili schemi che dovrebbero consentire di superare le carenze emerse dall'indagine.
Informativa sul tasso di attualizzazione nella stima dell'avviamento secondo lo IAS36: un confronto fra Italia e Paesi nordici
Authors: Liberatore Giovanni , Mazzi Francesco
Published: December 2020

Il presente lavoro si focalizza sulla qualità dell'informativa obbligatoria sul tasso di attualizzazione nella stima a valore d'uso dell'avviamento. L'analisi compara un campione di società italiane con uno del Nord Europa, al fine di verificare se la qualità informativa risulti migliore in paesi che pongono maggiore attenzione sul capitale immateriale. Inoltre, si è inteso verificare se l'informativa aumenti in presenza di svalutazione dell'avviamento, evento più frequente nei periodi di crisi economica. I risultati ottenuti tramite la costruzione di un disclosure index e l'analisi di regressione supportano le ipotesi, mostrando che l'informativa aumenta se l'azienda appartiene ad un paese nordeuropeo; lo stesso effetto si ottiene in caso di rilevazione di impairment loss.
Un nuovo approccio statistico per l'individuazione delle manipolazioni degli utili: evidenze empiriche dal mercato italiano
Authors: Di Narzo Antonio Fabio , Freo Marzia , Mattei Marco Maria
Published: December 2020

Mediante uno studio di simulazione, questo articolo si propone di valutare l'efficacia nel mercato italiano dei metodi comunemente utilizzati nella letteratura nord-americana per individuare le manipolazioni di bilancio. Inoltre, viene proposta una nuova metodologia di stima degli accrual model - il modello delle misture - che non si basa su nessuna classificazione industriale e risolve alcuni dei problemi che questi metodi di indagine manifestano nei paesi con mercati finanziari di minori dimensioni. Dalle analisi svolte emerge che le tecniche d'indagine ampiamente utilizzate a livello internazionale sono efficaci anche nel nostro Paese e che il modello delle misture aumenta significativamente la potenza del test più efficace per ricercare la presenza di manipolazioni di bilancio. Complessivamente questi risultati indurrebbero a concludere che gli accrual model potrebbero essere utilizzati maggiormente dai ricercatori interessati ad investigare la presenza di politiche di bilancio in Italia.
La disclosure del bilancio in forma abbreviata delle piccole imprese
Authors: Bisogno Marco , Matonti Gaetano
Published: December 2020

La letteratura che si è occupata di disclosure da un lato ha analizzato il comportamento dei redattori del bilancio rispetto al grado di dettaglio delle informazioni in esso incluse (cd. disclosure level evaluation), dall'altro ha tentato di individuare le motivazioni che spingono talune imprese a fornire maggiori informazioni rispetto ad altre (cd. disclosure determinants analysis). Mentre la letteratura si è occupata prevalentemente di imprese quotate, il lavoro intende esaminare il livello di disclosure e le sue determinanti rispetto alle piccole imprese che redigono il bilancio in forma abbreviata. Inoltre, il lavoro intende valutare la differenza esistente tra piccole imprese in crisi e "sane" riguardo al livello di disclosure, ipotizzando un'incidenza dello stato di crisi su tale livello.
IAS 1 revised e nuova rappresentazione della performance economica nel bilancio: evidenze empiriche da Italia e Francia
Authors: Incollingo Alberto , Di Carlo Ferdinando
Published: December 2020

A partire dai bilanci dell'esercizio 2009, l'applicazione dello IAS 1 revised richiede al conto economico l'evidenza del total comprehensive income, una misura di performance che si ottiene sommando alla tradizionale figura del profit or loss quei valori non realizzati (segnatamente, variazioni di fair value) che, in precedenza, erano iscritti direttamente a patrimonio netto e quindi non partecipavano alla formazione del reddito di periodo. Con questa ricerca gli autori si pongono l'obiettivo di misurare l'impatto che l'adozione del prospetto di conto economico complessivo ha comportato sulla rappresentazione della performance periodica d'impresa, in Italia e Francia, osservando l'entità e la volatilità del nuovo risultato economico, nonché la sua composizione.
Prevalenza della forma sulla sostanza: la razionalità dell'analista finanziario e il ruolo delle aspettative
Authors: Guidantoni Stefano , Neri Lorenzo
Published: December 2020

Il presente lavoro vuol dimostrare, attraverso l'analisi del comportamento di potenziali analisti finanziari, l'irrazionalità del comportamento individuale in sede di valutazione economico-finanziaria delle società. Il tipo di rappresentazione mentale, influenzata da stereotipi, pregiudizi e aspettative, conduce, infatti, a individuare risposte a determinati problemi decisionali non razionali. L'ipotesi di ricerca è che gli analisti finanziari sono influenzati da etichette esterne, nello specifico dal nome della società, nel loro processo di valutazione. L'indagine è condotta attraverso un esperimento su studenti universitari mediante la somministrazione di questionari volti a misurare il cambiamento di giudizio espresso sulle società al mutare del nome alle stesse attribuito. Dalle risposte emerge che l'effetto notorietà del nome ha un'influenza significativa nel processo di valutazione delle società.
Accounting e reporting dei diritti di emissione. Modelli di rilevazione proposti e pratiche emergenti
Authors: Tarquinio Lara
Published: December 2020

Il presente lavoro esamina le principali implicazioni dell'Emission Trading Scheme Europeo (EU ETS) sul sistema di accounting e reporting delle imprese e verifica l'influenza di alcune variabili sulla disclosure delle informazioni sui diritti di emissione e sul climate change. Lo studio ha ad oggetto un campione di imprese che gestiscono impianti termoelettrici cogenerativi e non cogenerativi e prende in esame le informazioni che queste forniscono in merito ai diritti di emissione nei bilanci 2009; nei documenti che corredano i bilanci (in particolare la relazione sulla gestione); nei rendiconti di sostenibilità 2009 redatti sulla base delle linee guida GRI/G3. I principali risultati conseguiti segnalano la presenza di alcune significative uniformità nei criteri di contabilizzazione adottati dalle imprese e dimostrano che la redazione di un bilancio di sostenibilità influenza il livello di disclosure.
La valutazione del patrimonio museale: il caso del Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze
Authors: Manetti Giacomo , Valeri Massimo
Published: December 2020

Il presente lavoro mira ad individuare le prassi per la valutazione dei beni culturali di proprietà delle pubbliche amministrazioni attraverso lo studio del caso del Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze. Dopo aver esaminato le principali indicazioni della prassi e della dottrina in tema di valutazione dei beni culturali, gli autori affrontano un caso di studio nel quale è stato adottato, per l'inventariazione dell'intero patrimonio museale, uno dei metodi in precedenza discussi, ossia la stima degli esperti, quale proxy del valore di mercato delle collezioni. Con riferimento al caso di studio si indicano le motivazioni a supporto del metodo adottato e le difficoltà incontrate nella conduzione del processo valutativo. Dall'indagine condotta emergono alcuni limiti ed alcuni potenziali sviluppi della ricerca, evidenziati nelle conclusioni, sui criteri di valutazione del patrimonio museale.
Vulvodinia e sessualità: uno studio comparativo sugli aspetti emotivi e psicologici
Authors: Calella Margherita , Porpora Maria Grazia , Simonelli Chiara , Nimbi Filippo Maria
Published: December 2020

La vulvodinia è una sindrome complessa e multifattoriale che colpisce circa il 16% della popolazione femminile (Harlow et al., 2014) caratterizzata da disagio vulvare spesso descritto come bruciore/dolore che si verifica in assenza di rilevanti cause osservabili. Anche se numerosi progressi sono stati fatti nello studio di que-sta sindrome, esistono ancora oggi delle problematiche relative all'eziologia, che possono ulteriormente ostacolare il processo diagnostico e terapeutico. L'obiettivo del presente studio è stato quello di esplorare il funzionamento sessuale, emotivo e psicopatologico di donne affette da vulvodinia, ponendole a confronto con donne prive di patologie genito-pelviche. Lo studio è stato condotto su 69 donne che hanno compilato un questionario socio-anagrafico, il Female Sexual Function In-dex (FSFI), il Symptom Checklist -90- Revised (SCL-90-R), il Positive and Negati-ve Affect Schedule (PANAS) e lo Short Form McGill Questionnaire (SF-MGQ). I risultati emersi suggeriscono nelle donne vulvodiniche la presenza di un ridotto funzionamento sessuale (maggior dolore e ridotta lubrificazione); un livello maggiore di disagio psichico (soprattutto nelle dimensioni: ossessività-compulsività, psicoticismo e depressione) ed un'affettività più negativa rispetto al gruppo di con-trollo. Approfondimenti futuri potrebbero contribuire ad una migliore comprensio-ne dell'impatto che tale sindrome produce sul benessere sessuale e sulla qualità della vita delle donne che ne sono affette, indirizzando gli specialisti verso forme d'intervento multidisciplinare, che secondo il modello bio-psico-sociale, potrebbero essere più appropriate ed efficaci.
Зарубіжний досвід публічного управління
Authors: Корнута Людмила , Панова Наталія , Маслова Яна
Published: December 2020

Освітня програма підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти другого (магістерського) рівня в Національному університеті «Одеська юридична академія» галузь знань – 28 «Публічне управління та адміністрування» спеціальність – 281 «публічне управління та адміністрування»
Association of vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor A-1012G polymorphism with psoriasis – case control study
Authors: Astari Pocut , Siregar Yahwardiah , Yosi Ariyati
Published: December 2020

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammation of the skin caused by combination of genetic, immune and environmental factors. The Vitamin D receptors alongside with plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) level have known to be related with psoriasis. Vitamin D receptor polymorphism is one of the multiple polymorphisms that predispose individuals to several diseases. It is possible that this polymorphism is different among psoriatic patients and healthy one particularly in Medan, Indonesia population.  

Objective: We aimed to investigate associations between plasma level of 25(OH)D and one VDR gene polymorphism (A-1012G) with psoriasis.

Methods: Fourty four psoriatic patients and 44 healthy control subjects’ DNA samples were obtained in this case control study and genotyped for A-1012G polymorphism by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) level of case and control subjects were examined using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Results: Significant lower plasma 25(OH)D levels were found in control group (p<0.001) which consist of mostly young adult female. There is no significant relationship between AA, AG and GG genotype variances of A-1012G polymorphism with psoriasis (p=0.124).

Conclusion: No significant association found between A-1012G polymorphism and psoriasis but there was a significant difference found between vitamin D level and psoriasis (p<0.001).  From this study, vitamin D deficiency were more common in young adult female.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Recombinant Porcine Astrovirus from Pigs in Anhui, China
Authors: CHEN XU , HE YUMIN , LI WEINA , KALIM ULLAH , XIAO YUQING , YANG JIE , WANG XIAOCHUN , YANG SHIXING , ZHANG WEN
Published: December 2020

Porcine astroviruses (PAstVs) have wide distribution in swine herds worldwide. At present, five porcine astrovirus genotypes have been identified. In this study, using viral metagenomics, a novel PAstV strain (designated as Ahast) was identified in fecal samples from pigs in Anhui of China, and the complete genomic sequence of Ahast was obtained by assembling and PCR amplification. Genomic structural analysis indicated that Ahast had a typical ribosomal frameshifting signal, and some conserve amino acid motifs were also found in virally encoded proteins. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison indicated that this virus belonged to porcine astrovirus genotype 4 (PAstV4), which formed a clade clustered with other PAstV4. Multiple recombinant events were confirmed by recombination analysis and indicated that Ahast was a potential recombinant. Epidemiological investigation indicated that PAstV4 has a 10.7% prevalence in this pig farm. The new recombinant identified in this study will be beneficial to comprehend the origin, genetic diversity, and evolution of porcine astroviruses in Anhui of China.
Зміст і структура психологічної готовності до фахової рієлторської діяльності
Authors: Belik Natalia
Published: December 2020

Метою статті є окреслення змісту і структурних складових психологічної готовності до професійної діяльності рієлтора.

На основі аналізу останніх досліджень та публікацій, присвячених проблемі професійного розвитку фахівців різних видів трудової діяльності, здійснено спробу визначити зміст психологічної готовності до професійної діяльності, пов’язаної з фахом рієлтора. Зокрема, охарактеризовано три основні методологічні підходи до сучасного трактування поняття психологічної готовності до діяльності фахівця: структурно-функціональний, особистісний, особистісно-діяльнісний. Виокремлено складові психологічної готовності до праці фахового рієлтора, а саме: когнітивну, особистісну, комунікативну.

У результаті емпіричного дослідження визначено структурні складові психологічної готовності до роботи рієлтора, а саме: а) особистісні (орієнтація на свободу, орієнтація на результат, екстраверсія, досягнення особистого успіху, самоконтроль, практичність, емоційна стійкість, універсалізм, самостійність); б) когнітивні (зміст роботи, фактори пізнання результатів поведінки та пізнання класів поведінки, розвиток соціального інтелекту загалом); в) комунікативні (самовладання, спрямованість на досягнення компромісу). Встановлено, що психологічна готовність як первинна фундаментальна умова успішного виконання рієлторської діяльності має різну міру сформованості у фахівців залежно від стажу їхньої роботи в професії. Проте значуща вираженість змістових складових в усіх досліджуваних групах свідчить про те, що саме ці якості є визначальними в професійній діяльності рієлтора. Зміст психологічної готовності складають такі параметри компонентів: особистісний, комунікативний, когнітивний.

Перспективи практичного застосування результатів пов’язані з актуальними проблемами переорієнтації фахівців відповідно до вимог часу; практичною організацією підготовки (навчання і перенавчання) майбутніх фахівців рієлторської діяльності; урахуванням і корекцією стильових і типологічних особливостей рієлторів; добором обдарованих фахівців для виконання рієлторської роботи на сучасному ринку праці.
Механізми реалізації кардіопротективних ефектів метформіну (огляд літератури)
Authors: Олещук О. М. , Лой Г. Я.
Published: December 2020

У статті проведено аналіз літератури, присвяченої кардіопротективним ефектам протидіабетичного лікарського засобу – метформіну. Серцево-судинні ускладнення є найпоширенішою причиною смертності в пацієнтів з цукровим діабетом. Діабетичне ураження серця найчастіше проявляється у вигляді ішемічної хвороби серця, автономної кардіальної нейропатії та діабетичної кардіоміопатії.Діабетична кардіоміопатія характеризується апоптозом, гіпертрофією та фіброзом, а також кардіальною дисфункцією та визначається як функціональні та структурні зміни в міокарді, незалежні від судинних чи серцевих захворювань. Ішемічна хвороба серця в хворих на діабет зустрічається частіше, ніж у популяції, а наслідки інфаркту міокарда є значно важчими, що пов’язано з надмірним ремоделюванням серцевого м’яза. Кардіальна автономна нейропатія є предиктором виникнення аритмій, дисфункції міокарда, а також асоціюється з підвищеним рівнем смертності.Метформін є препаратом вибору з точки зору ефективності та безпеки для стартової фармакотерапії цукрового діабету та залишається лікарським засобом першої лінії для більшості пацієнтів.Метформін покращує чутливість рецепторів до інсуліну та зменшує інсулінорезистентність, яка є провідною патофізіологічною ланкою розвитку цукрового діабету 2 типу. Як наслідок, знижується маса тіла, гіперінсулінемія та гіперглікемія. Окрім гіпоглікемічного, він спричиняє інші важливі ефекти, зокрема, покращує кардіальну функцію та зменшує ризик інфаркту міокарда. Метформін чинить позитивний ефект на діяльність серця, що зумовлено прямим впливом на клітинний метаболізм, ендотеліальну функцію, активність тромбоцитів і гомеостаз кальцію, модулює фактори ризику атеросклерозу, підвищує толерантність міокарда до ішемії-реперфузії та попереджує розвиток серцевої недостатності. Препарат проявляє виражені кардіопротективні ефекти in vivo та in vitro в умовах стресу, захищаючи міокард від гіпертрофічного, апоптичного, фібротичного ремоделювання тазапалення, репрограмує експресію фетальних генів, які піддаються дисрегуляції внаслідок цих патологічних змін у міокарді. Більшість досліджень показують, що метформін проявляє свої кардіопротективні властивості шляхом активації аденозинмонофосфат-активованої протеїнкінази, проте відомо також про незалежний від активності цього ферменту механізм дії метформіну в кардіоміоцитах.Дедалі очевиднішим стає той факт, що аденозинмонофосфат-активована протеїнкіназа є далеко не єдиною мішенню в механізмі дії метформіну. Відомо про FохО1-залежний механізм антиапоптотичного ефекту препарату. Тому актуальною залишається проблема пошуку молекулярних і генетичних мішеней у механізмі кардіопротективної дії метформіну, що дозволить краще зрозуміти та розширити показання до застосування даного протидіабетичного засобу.
Effect of Exercise Countermovement Jump and Depth Jump against the Increase Agility and Leg Muscle Power
Authors: Ferdiana Irma , Muhammad Muhammad , Wiriawan Oce
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Countermovement Jump exercises and Depth Jump exercises on agility and leg muscle power, as well as analyze which exercises are more influential between Countermovement Jump exercises and Depth Jump exercises on agility and leg muscle power. The research method used in this research is quantitative with pseudo experimental method, with research design using pretest and posttest, group I Countermovement Jump, group II Depth Jump, and control group, with data analysis using ANOVA. Data retrieval process is done by testing limb muscle agility using side step test tool and limb muscle power test with jump md tool, during pretest and posttest. Then the data is analyzed. The target of this study was taken from the population of female students of sports training education Surabaya state university with 30 members, divided into 3 groups with each group of 10 people, this study was conducted for 8 weeks. Paired sample t test results, Agility and paired sample t test strength of limb muscles are known that the significance level of each variable is obtained sig 0.000 <0.05 so that there is a significant influence or difference between pretest and posttest of variable bound agility and limb muscle power. Anova test results on agility and muscle strength of the limbs, showed Agility, sig 0.018, power sig 0.000, so it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the results of agility and limb muscle power in three different groups, known sig <0.05. From the results of the post-hoc multiple comparations (LSD) test independent variables that have a significant influence on increasing dependent variables, it can be seen from the average different results that the Countermovement Jump and Depth Jump groups have their own advantages with the results of the data obtained, meaning that countermovement jump and depth jump exercises are able to improve biomotor agility and power, but both have different influences.
Dengue threat lurks among COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: December 2020

Abstract Not Available

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 4-5
Imaging of COVID-19: Experience in BIRDEM General Hospital
Authors: Taher MA , Sultana Jafreen , Behnom Ishtiaque Mohammad , Saha Mohua
Published: December 2020

Background: Pneumonia associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan of China which was recognized as a global health emergency. Role of imaging, specially high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of chest is considered as an important tool in the early diagnosis, evaluation of disease progression and prompt management of COVID-19 patient in this global health pandemic. This study was designed to report the spectrum of HRCT imaging findings in COVID-19 infected patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 30 consecutive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 patients who underwent HRCT chest from 1st of September 2020 to 30th October 2020 in BIRDEM General Hospital. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Prevalence, distribution, extent and type of abnormal lung findings were recorded.

Results: Total 30 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. Among them, 26 (86.6%) patients had fever and 17 (66.66%) patients had fatigability. The most frequent CT abnormality was ground glass opacity in (26, 86.67%). Crazy-paving pattern was found in 19 (63.33%) cases. Most patients had multiple lesions and involved all the 5 lobes The lesions were mostly peripheral (26, 86.6%) in distribution. Most commonly involved lobe is right lower lobe (27, 90%).

Conclusion: Radiology & Imaging, specially HRCT of chest is an excellent modality in diagnosis of disease, evaluation of progression of disease, evaluation of post COVID-19 patient and prompt management of COVID- 19 patient in this global health emergency.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 56-62
Pregnancy complications in COVID-19 positive primigravid patients: a comparative study
Authors: Rahman Rushdana , Mustary Faryal
Published: December 2020

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of corona virus causing COVID-19. Previous studies suggested that COVID-19 is more likely to affect older males with co-morbidities. But pregnant women are at greater risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to physiological and immunological changes during pregnancy. This study aimed to monitor the pregnancy complications and mode of delivery.

Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka over from May 2020 to July 2020. A total of 20 primigravid singleton pregnant women of all trimesters having COVID-19 positive reports (mild to moderate) were included in this study. Similar numbers of primigravid singleton pregnant women of all trimester having negative COVID-19 report were included in this study. Women having age between 18 and 40 years were included. Patients with multiple pregnancy, pregnancy with hypertension, heart disease, renal disease and other metabolic diseases were excluded from this study.

Results: Most of the patients were between 26 and 35 years old. Mean age was 29.25 ± 4.42 years in COVID positive group and 31.10 ± 4.65 years in COVID negative group. In positive cases, most of them had gestational age below 37 weeks but in negative cases, most of them had gestational age e•37 weeks. There was significant difference in gestational age between two groups. Regarding type of delivery, in positive cases most underwent Caesarean section and in negative cases maximum were normal vaginal delivery. Regarding antenatal complication during pregnancy, abortion, premature rupture of membrane and pre term labour was found significantly higher in positive cases than that of negative cases. Respiratory distress and psychological upset were observed significantly higher in positive cases than that of negative cases.

Conclusion: Regarding antenatal complications and mode of delivery, Frequency of abortion, PROM, preterm labor and LUCS was significantly higher in COVID-19 cases. Respiratory distress and psychological upset was significantly higher in COVID-19 positive cases. COVID-19 Among postnatal complications infection might increase the risk of pregnancy complications and pregnant women could have a severe clinical course of the disease.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 71-73
Clinical outcomes of women with COVID 19 during pregnancy: an update
Authors: Mahtab Naushaba Tarannum , Chowdhury Tanzeem Sabina
Published: December 2020

In December 2019, a cluster of four cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China, were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). Since then, the world has seen unprecedented effects of this virus on our health and life in general and every country of the world has been affected. Pregnant women are considered the most vulnerable population and clinical trials and research are going on to ensure the safety of mother and the fetus during this pandemic. The data regarding management of pregnancy during COVID-19 era is evolving every day. In this review, we evaluate the recent evidence of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout pregnancy and provide a balanced and informed evidence-based management of pregnancy during the COVID- 19 era.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 93-102
Establishment of a post–COVID clinic
Authors: Afroz Farhana , Hossain Mohammad Delwar
Published: December 2020

Abstract Not Available

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 103-104
Reviewers of current issue Vol. 10, COVID Supplement
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: December 2020

Abstract Not Available

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 137
III International Scientific and Practical Conference «Harmonization of approaches to pharmaceutical development», Held on November 25, 2020
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

This material is a collection of the main and most interesting reports made at the NPK "Harmonization of approaches to pharmaceutical development" of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. The pharmaceutical industry in the context of globalization of the world economy is constantly changing under the influence of stormy geopolitical processes. This is especially noticeable in the current pandemic environment. The scale of the sales markets for the products of the industry is constantly increasing, which naturally leads to the demand for quick and clear solutions at all stages of pharmaceutical development. In turn, adherence to the requirements of good practices ensures the safety of the finished products of the industry, which is extremely important for humanity. Separately, this applies to the stage of preclinical and clinical trials of drugs, since their conduct is associated with the provision of a number of strict ethical standards. Due to the constant and well-deserved growth in the popularity of medicinal objects of plant origin, the issues of phytochemistry and plant metabolism in relation to the process of pharmaceutical development are also extremely important. In the reports offered to the reader's attention, the entire spectrum of the above issues is considered. The authors offer their own vision of the existing subject problems. Discussion of the proposed issues will undoubtedly arouse the interest of a fairly wide target audience.