bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systems approach to navigating food security during COVID-19: Gaps, opportunities, and policy supports
Authors: Glaros Alesandros , Alexander Chloe , Koberinski Jodi , Scott Steffanie , Quilley Stephen , Si Zhenzhong
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a series of concatenating problems in the global production and distribution of food. Trade barriers, seasonal labor shortages, food loss and waste, and food safety concerns combine to engender vulnerabili­ties in food systems. A variety of actors—from academics to policy-makers, community organizers, farmers, and homesteaders—are considering the undertaking of creating more resilient food sys­tems. Conventional approaches include fine-tuning existing value chains, consolidating national food distribution systems and bolstering inventory and storage. This paper highlights three alternative strategies for securing a more resilient food system, namely: (i.) leveraging underutilized, often urban, spaces for food production; (ii.) rethinking food waste as a resource; and (iii.) constructing produc­tion-distribution-waste networks, as opposed to chains. Various food systems actors have pursued these strategies for decades. Yet, we argue that the COVID-19 pandemic forces us to urgently con­sider such novel assemblages of actors, institutions, and technologies as key levers in achieving longer term food system resilience. These strategies are often centered around princi­ples of redistribution and reciprocity, and focus on smaller scales, from individual households to com­munities. We high­light examples that have emerged in the spring-summer of 2020 of household and community efforts to reconstruct a more resilient food system. We also undertake a policy analysis to sketch how government supports can facilitate the emergence of these efforts and mobilization beyond the immediate confines of the pandemic.
Postsyntactic Lowering and linear relations in Dagur noun phrases
Authors: Gong Zhiyu Mia
Published: April 2021

In this paper, I investigate the unusual order between case and possessive morphemes in the endangered Mongolic language Dagur. It is observed in many languages that the case morpheme follows possessive markers, but Dagur uniformly exhibits the morpheme order where possessive follows case in its nominal domain. Based on novel data from fieldwork, I propose that such order is due to postsyntactic Lowering, in which the head of K(ase)P lowers to Poss(essive) head. The evidence for the Lowering analysis comes from suspended affixation in this language. In particular, suspended affixation involving CASE and POSS morphemes displays unusual patterns, compared to the suspension of other types of morphemes. Further investigation reveals that Dagur suspended affixation is best analyzed as a base-generated structure, instead of morpheme ellipsis. Given these, the Lowering analysis correctly derives the POSS-final order and successfully accounts for the unusual patterns in suspended affixation. In addition, I examine surface morphophonological differences between the CASE and the POSS morphemes, and show that they can be systematically encoded in the current theory.
Family Home Caregivers for Elderly people
Authors:   Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), Abdelmoneium Azza , Corman Michael , Rankin Janet
Published: April 2021

Improved economic conditions and standards of living that began around the 1950s have resulted in many structural changes in the Arab world, including significant decreases in morbidity, mortality, and fertility rates (United Nations, 2012). This has significantly altered the age demographic in Qatar and other countries in the region where individuals are living much longer, and the number of people aged 25–64 years have increased. Today, there are a significant number of Qataris (10,756) and nonQataris living in Qatar (18,070) above the age of 60. According to the 2010 census, there were 2,685 Qataris and 3,769 non-Qataris in the 65–69 age group, 2,032 Qataris and 1,605 non-Qataris in the 70–74 age group, and 2,630 Qataris and 1,096 non-Qataris over 75 years of age (Qatar Statistics Authority, 2010). Furthermore, the average life expectancy in Qatar is 79.4 (United Nations, 2012), suggesting that the number of older persons in Qatar is on the rise. Family members are the most common providers of home eldercare. However, recent societal changes have multiplied the pressures faced by family members who are responsible for such care. For example, studies have shown that increased participation of women in the workforce is one factor that significantly impacts the needs of families who care for an elderly member (Schoenfelder, Swanson, Pringle, Meridean, & Johnson, 2000; Dwyer & Coward, 1991). Qatar is no exception. Although extended families are common and filial responsibility is highly valued in Qatar, family eldercare providers might be dealing with significant strain that has the potential to compromise both their own quality of life and that of their elderly relatives. Despite these changes, research on elderly caregiving and the challenges of family elder caregivers in Qatar and the Arab world remains limited. Thus, the objective of the report is to investigate the experiences of elder caregivers in Qatar with a particular focus on the stress and burdens of caregiving, the coping strategies of caregivers, and the benefits garnered from their caregiving.
Toward an Ecological View of Musical Creativity for Music Educators
Authors: Rinsema Rebecca
Published: April 2021

I propose an ecological model of musical creativity based on recent developments in the philosophy of perception. Built in response to Peter Webster’s 2002 model of musical creativity, the ecological model incorporates digital composition/production and improvisation, alongside the more common school music creativities: listening, playing, composing, and conducting. I suggest that music educators foster musical creativity by providing opportunities for students to engage with the proposed enactive and representational categories of musical creativity.
Educating Bodies, Educating Streets
Authors: Ryynänen Max
Published: April 2021

In his review of Richard Shusterman’s (ed.) Bodies in the Street, Max Ryynänen accentuates the way the book explores the complex network of architecture, weather, social conditioning, politics, gender, and ritual that make up our bodily presence and life in urban contexts.
The Place Where Things Fall Apart: The World from Inside a Fragment
Authors: Goldstein Diane E.
Published: April 2021

Narratives of traumatic or supernatural experience and other stories of fright and awe frequently have moments of breakdown in fluency, where otherwise articulate performance is replaced by hesitation, fragmentation, or other signs of untellability. Broken or partial sentences, however, can be seen as framing mechanisms highlighting moments of narrative significance. This paper explores the potential for understanding moments of breakdown not as unintelligible fragmentation but as markers of heightened meaning and import. Looked at topically and across similar narratives told by a variety of narrators may provide new ways of understanding fragmentation as narrative framing.
Electrothermal Coil Detachment Failure in Flow Diverter-Assisted Coiling of a Small Blister Aneurysm: Technical Considerations and Possible Solutions
Authors: Pickett Gwynedd E. , Cora Adela
Published: April 2021

Flow diversion stenting combined with coiling offers both immediate protection from rebleeding for ruptured aneurysms and long-term stability for wide-necked or blister aneurysms. It is particularly useful for tiny ruptured aneurysms, alleviating the concern that small coils may prolapse between the struts of conventional stents. We employed this technique in a very small, broad-based ruptured aneurysm of the internal carotid, jailing the coiling microcatheter with a Pipeline Embolization Device. However, coil detachment repeatedly failed, until we withdrew the detachment zone into the microcatheter. We suggest that if the tip of the coiling catheter is adjacent to the stent, contact between the junction zone of the coil and the high metal density of the flow diverter may prevent proper electrothermal coil detachment. Detachment can be undertaken successfully within the microcatheter, though care must be taken thereafter to fully push the detached coil tail into the aneurysm.
Submanifolds of Sasakian Manifolds with Concurrent Vector Field
Authors: Mandal Pradip , Mandal Yadab Chandra , Hui Shyamal Kumar
Published: April 2021

ThesubmanifoldsofSasakianmanifoldswithaconcurrentvectorfieldhavebeen studied. Applications of such submanifolds to Ricci solitons and Yamabe solitons has also been showed.
Weak Signed Roman Domination in Digraphs
Authors: Volkmann Lutz
Published: April 2021

Let $D$ be a finite and simple digraph with vertex set $V(D)$. A weak signed Roman dominating function (WSRDF) on a digraph $D$ is a function $f:V(D)\rightarrow\{-1,1,2\}$ satisfying the condition that $\sum_{x\in N^-[v]}f(x)\ge 1$ for each $v\in V(D)$, where $N^-[v]$ consists of $v$ and allvertices of $D$ from which arcs go into $v$. The weight of a WSRDF $f$ is $\sum_{v\in V(D)}f(v)$. The weak signed Roman domination number $\gamma_{wsR}(D)$ of $D$ is the minimum weight of a WSRDF on $D$. In this paper we initiate the study of the weak signed Roman domination number of digraphs, and we present different bounds on $\gamma_{wsR}(D)$. In addition, we determine the weak signed Roman domination number of some classesof digraphs.
Elliptic Systems of $p$-Laplacian Type
Authors: Balaadich Farah , Azroul Elhoussine
Published: April 2021

We prove an existence result for solutions of nonlinear $p$-Laplacian systems with data in generalized form:\[\left\{\begin{array}{rl}-\text{div}\,\Phi(Du-\Theta(u))&=f(x,u,Du)\quad\text{in}\;\Omega\\u&=0\quad\text{on}\;\partial\Omega\end{array}\right.\]by the theory of Young measures.
Factors determining disproportions in men and women’s wages in the European Union countries
Authors: Witkowska Dorota , Matuszewska-Janica Aleksandra
Published: April 2021

The primary aim of the presented study was to identify how selected factors determining gender-based inequalities affected the volume of the unadjusted pay gap among employees hired in the European Union after the 2007 crisis compared to the pre-crisis situation.An additional purpose of the study was to indicate changes in the employment rates of men and women, as well as changes in the pay gap between the two sexes (measured by means of the gender pay gap index – GPG), which became noticeable in the EU countries after the crisis, as compared to the pre-crisis period. The study was conducted using single-equation descriptive econometric models describing the wage gap. The analysis was based on the results of the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) and the Labour Force Survey (LFS), both published by Eurostat. Due to data availability issues, data for 2006 were assumed to be representative for the situation prior to the crisis (the study took into account also countries which became member states in later years), while data covering the year 2012 (employment rate) and the years 2014–2018 (GPG) were assumed as representative for the post-crisis period. The analyses of the male and female employment rate and gender pay gaps indicate that following the crisis, the employment in the 24 EU countries became increasingly ‘feminised’, while no significant reduction of the pay gap was observed in the years 2006–2018. The obtained results indicate that greater ‘feminisation’ of employment is connected with greater gender pay gaps. A similar correlation occurs in relation to the professional activisation rate. In addition, significant differences are observed in terms of the impact some of the analysed factors have on the volume of the gender wage gap in different age and occupational groups.
Use of Google Trends in modelling registered unemployment rate in Poland
Authors: Malinowski Mariusz
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with the problem of monitoring the unemployment rate in Poland. The main aim of the article is to check whether the addition of selected Google Trends indices improves the accuracy of forecasts generated by the autoregressive model of registered unemployment rate. The research method is based on nowcasting techniques which are used to assess the current state of an economy. Data for the years 2004–2019 were retrieved from publication by Statistics Poland (GUS) and Google Trends, the latter of which allows tracking the popularity of terms searched by Internet users. The study compares the goodness of fit and forecast errors of the basic model with these of models extended with exogenous variables. Both the potential and the limitations of the utilisation of a new source of data in macroeconomic analyses concerning Poland are presented in the paper. The analysis yields a conclusion that Google indexes (commonly used in the literature written in English) do not improve the accuracy of predictions of the autoregressive model. Satisfactory results are only obtained for indices related to the international mobility of the workforce.
Income inequality by voivodships
Authors: Turczak Anna , Zwiech Patrycja
Published: April 2021

The paper considered the question of whether the distribution of disposable income per capita in the Polish voivodships (provinces) is similar. To study this, the authors put appropriate statistical hypotheses and verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Conducting this test allowed them to conclude that there are no grounds to assert that the hypothesis of identical distributions of disposable income per capita is true. The authors determined only the degree of similarity of individual schedules and on this basis, divided the provinces into four homogeneous classes. Thanks to the Wroclaw taxonomy there has been shown that the conduct of the said division results in separation of the three one-piece groups, and one group of thirteen provinces.
Dynamics of electricity production using renewable energy sources
Authors: Kukuła Karol
Published: April 2021

The main objective of the paper is to estimate the dynamics of basic categories concerning the exploitation of renewable energy sources for electric energy production in Poland. For the realization of this objective time series were used, in which capacities of electric plants based on renewable energy sources were described both globally and in fractions composing from water energy, energy obtained from solid bio-fuel, energy obtained from bio-gas and solar energy. The research was carried on with the usage of exponential trends. A separate problem is to determine changes of partition of energy obtained from renewable energy sources in relation to the total utilization of electric energy. The investigation shows that in this case the exponential trend fits quite well. The comparison were also made between the average rate of increase of particular renewable energy sources carriers in creation of electric energy in Poland.
The impact of the ESA 2010 on statistics of the general government sector
Authors: Leszczyńska-Luberek Olga
Published: April 2021

The author presents the importance of the new European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010) for statistics of the general government sector. She pays particular attention to the development of data for the excessive deficit procedure. The article explains the methodological changes made to the studies in this field parallel to the ESA 2010. It discusses, among others, issues related to defining the deficit and debt of the general government, as well as the determination of a new way registering transfer of liabilities of pension schemes. It also presents the impact of new methodological guidelines for the relationship of deficit and debt to GDP in the Member States of the European Union.
Forest land – causes of change and coherence of data sources
Authors: Jabłoński Marek
Published: April 2021

The author presents results of study concerning changes of forest area in Polish gminas and powiats in years 2008–2013. It was recognised that changes of forest area cannot be explained by both afforestation and deforestation processes only. It is important in terms of area fluctuations, eg. of private forests is secondary succession forests on abandoned former farmland as well as heterogeneous approach to the recognition of such areas in the register of land and buildings.
The differences in salaries between men and women in Polish voivodships
Authors: Śliwicki Dominik
Published: April 2021

The differences in salaries between men and women are a matter discussed in social and economic policy, both at the international as well as national and regional levels. In order to make effective decisions in favor of eliminating these inequalities we should have information on their actual size. This article aims to determine the differences in salaries between men and women and attempt to identify the factors most affecting their size. As a method of analysis, the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition based on econometric models was used. The study of the structure of wages conducted by public statistics was data source.
Integration of information resources as a source of effective management of the region
Authors: Szaban Dorota , Wróbel Robert
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article is to characterize the experience of networking in the exchange of data, information and knowledge, to promote regional development in the Lubuskie voivodship (province). Efforts were made to get the answer to the question of how integrated information resources contribute to regional development. The cooperation of official statistics and the scientific community is based on the idea of developing a joint information system. This collaboration also invited Lubuskie Regional Territorial Observatory. Cooperation shall be implemented according to a bipolar model. Participating in this activity players create and provide complementary information. On their basis are constructed strategic planning and socio-economic diagnosis. In these institutions are prepared study work, studies and specialist reports.
Der Schutz freier Kommunikationsräume in der digitalen Welt – Eine Gedankenskizze
Authors: Langenfeld Christine
Published: April 2021

Das Internet ist ein Kommunikationsraum mit einzigartigen Möglichkeiten des Informationsaustausches, der Wissenserlangung und Meinungsentfaltung. Mehr als je zuvor offenbaren sich jedoch auch Risiken und Folgewirkungen eines digitalen Mediums, denn seine spezifischen Kommunikationsbedingungen erschaffen neue Gefährdungslagen. Betroffen sind vor allem die für eine freiheitliche Gesellschaft konstitutiven Grundrechte wie Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit, das Allgemeine Persönlichkeitsrecht, aber auch Wirtschaftsfreiheiten wie die Berufs- und Eigentumsfreiheit. Diese Rechte der analogen Welt beanspruchen gleiche Geltung in ihrem digitalen Abbild - ohne Abstriche in ihrer Wirkkraft. Politik, Gesetzgeber und Rechtsprechung stehen deshalb vor der Aufgabe, einen Rechtsrahmen zu gewährleisten, der die Vor- und Nachteile des Internets in einen optimalen Ausgleich bringt. Neue Grundrechte braucht es dafür nicht, vielmehr kann auf den bestehenden Katalog und vertraute Maßstäbe zurückgegriffen werden. Neu sind allerdings die Fragestellungen und Konfliktsituationen, die den spezifischen Kommunikationsbedingungen des Internets geschuldet sind. Dazu zählen zum einen die zentrale Rolle privater Akteure und die Reichweite einer mittelbaren Grundrechtsbindung in mehrpoligen Rechtsverhältnissen. Zum anderen ist ein neues Verständnis der zeitlichen Dimension erforderlich, schließlich vergisst das Internet bekanntlich nicht. Entscheidungsträger müssen bei der Auflösung dieser Konflikte einer Leitlinie folgen: Demokratie und Rechtsstaatlichkeit setzen freie und transparente Kommunikationsräume voraus, die dem Menschen dienen und nicht umgekehrt.
Die Einschränkung der Meinungsfreiheit durch Private – Am Beispiel der Universitäten in Australien
Authors: Bröhmer Jürgen
Published: April 2021

Die Meinungsfreiheit steht weltweit unter Druck. Das gilt, wie schon immer, für die Meinungsfreiheit als klassisches Abwehrrecht gegen staatliche Eingriffe. Das gilt aber zunehmend auch mit Blick auf Private, die andere Rechte, Persönlichkeitsschutzrechte oder im weitesten Sinne arbeitsvertragliche oder tarifvertragliche Instrumente gegen die Meinungsfreiheit in Ansatz bringen und die staatlichen Gerichte zu Abwägungsentscheidungen zwingen. Selbst wenn diese zugunsten der Meinungsfreiheit ausfallen, kann dennoch ein erheblicher „chilling effect“ entstehen, denn Gerichts- und Prozesskosten können, je nach wirtschaftlicher Situation der Partei unterschiedliche Belastungen hervorrufen. Am Beispiel des australischen Hochschulbereichs, der zwar ganz vornehmlich aus öffentlichen Hochschulen besteht, aber sich in vielerlei Hinsicht nicht von privaten Unternehmungen unterscheidet, wird gezeigt, wie selbst Institutionen, die der Meinungsfreiheit in besonderer Weise verpflichtet sein sollten, nicht davor zurückschrecken, ihre finanziellen und wirtschaftlichen Interessen gegen Kritik zu verteidigen, auch wenn das als Einschränkung der Meinungsfreiheit gewertet werden kann.
Wehrhafte Demokratie 4.0 – Grundwerte, Grundrechte und Social Media- Exzesse
Authors: Ukrow Jörg
Published: April 2021

Der Beitrag beleuchtet neue Gefährdungslagen für eine wehrhafte Demokratie, die sich aus einem unzureichend regulierten Internet und Fehlentwicklungen in sozialen Netzwerken ergeben. Er unterstreicht, dass den wertebezogenen Elementen des Modells wehrhafter Demokratie im Blick auf Digitalisierung, Europäisierung und Globalisierung im Integrations- und Werteverbund der EU eine herausgehobene Rolle zukommt. Gefährdungen des demokratischen Prozesses erwachsen im digitalen Zeitalter nicht mehr nur von Staaten, Unternehmen und Personen, sondern auch durch Technik, nicht zuletzt auch bei Social Media. Wehrhafte Demokratie muss daher auch eine zur Technikregulierung befähigte und willige Demokratie sein. Der Beitrag zeigt vor diesem Hintergrund Entwicklungslinien zu einem grundrechtsgleichen Recht auf wehrhafte Demokratie auf. Aus diesem grundrechtsgleichen Recht folgt eine Schutzpflicht des Staates und seiner Organe für die fortdauernde Wahrung einer effektiven demokratischen Teilhabemöglichkeit ohne sich zu einem chilling effect verdichtende Gefährdungen durch Gegner der freiheitlich-demokratischen Grundordnung. Das grundrechtsgleiche Recht auf wehrhafte Demokratie schließt ein Recht auf ein neue Gefährdungslagen für die freiheitlich-demokratische Grundordnung rechtzeitig ermittelndes und abwehrendes Verhalten von Hoheitsträgern ein. Mit dem gebotenen dynamischen Verständnis des grundrechtsgleichen Rechts auf wehrhafte Demokratie geht unter den Bedingungen der Digitalisierung eine Drittwirkung des grundrechtsgleichen Rechts gegenüber sozialen Netzwerken, die den Kommunikationsprozess auf der Ebene der Aggregation und Selektion beherrschen, ebenso einher wie ein Gebot der Zusammenarbeit sämtlicher auf die Grundwerte, insbesondere auch auf die Demokratie verpflichteter Ebenen hoheitlicher Gewalt.
The Accountability of Multinational Companies for Human Rights Violations, Regulatory Trends and New Punitive Approaches Across Europe
Authors: Sabia Rossella
Published: April 2021

This article investigates the emergence of new regulatory trends in the context of human rights accountability - traditionally characterised by soft law and non-binding guidelines -, where in recent times mandatory non-financial disclosure laws have started to impose on multinational companies new legal obligations complemented by sanctions of a different nature and intensity. By comparing three relevant pieces of legislation in the European panorama, this contribution addresses the reasons why also criminal law scholars should pay attention to the evolution of such regulatory framework, as the prospect of punitive mechanisms aimed at holding large companies accountable for human rights violations in their global operations could become, to some extent, less remote.
Integrationspflichten und die Rechtfertigung staatlicher Normen
Authors: Hoesch Matthias
Published: April 2021

As empirical migration studies have repeatedly shown, since the late 1990s mandatory integration policies have steadily gained importance in Western societies. These policies require immigrants to take certain actions or to demonstrate certain competences that serve their integration. The failure to meet these requirements is sanctioned by financial penalties or by depriving immigrants of the permission to stay. However, is the majority society really allowed to enact as enforceable law their expectations that immigrants will integrate? How can the corresponding interference into the freedom of immigrants be justified in the light of Political Philosophy? The paper argues that mandatory integration policies are justifiable in two cases only. Under certain circumstances, immigrants who are not able to pay for their subsistence, as well as potential immigrants who do not have a moral right to immigrate, may be obliged to perform integration-promoting actions. In all other cases, mandatory integration policies are illegitimate.
Understanding Law – an Answer to Leonid Pitamic
Authors: Pavčnik Marijan
Published: April 2021

Pitamic’s contribution to the understanding of law ranges between the methodological purity of legal science and an integral conception of law. The methodological purity demands that one avoids mixing different thinking methods. At the same time, however, law as a pure normative structure must also have adequate material prerequisites. The essential elements of an integral conception of law are order and humaneness. The task of law is that, by regulating external human behaviour, it “ensures that people in a community live as human persons.” Pitamic’s challenge opens very broad creative possibilities. For the author of this paper, it is of special importance that Pitamic’s theory also fecundates the modern theory of argumentation in law. The methodological pluralism makes it possible to accept the theory of graduated legal order and to treat it contentually. It is of decisive importance to differentiate between the legal text and the understanding thereof. Acting in a responsible manner, one cannot avoid the arguments of understanding. The work of a lawyer is creative, yet it also burdens him with responsibility that has to be borne. The judge or any other decision-maker must be aware that, as Pitamic would say, hominum causa omne ius constitutum. If we deviate from this route, we betray law and its nature. If we remain on this course, we can contribute - sometimes more and sometimes less - to the rule of law. It would be naive to think that we shall reach the Golden Age the poet Ovid was talking about, but it is realistic to think that we shall be able to live reasonably securely.
Das Wissen im Subjekt. Zur Bedeutung des inneren Forums im Wandel strafrechtlicher Sozialkontrolle
Authors: Zabel Benno
Published: April 2021

Subjects are not simply found. They are constructed by institutions, social practices and societies. The subject is the result of subjectification. This analysis of transformation aims to show, on the basis of penal practices, that an appropriate understanding of the legal subject cannot begin with a history of progress or decay, however conceived, but has to focus on the dialectic of subjugation and liberation. It then becomes visible that every normative order has to be understood as coping with contingencies, crises and struggles that repeatedly drive law into reflexivity. This reflexivity shows the precariousness of all law and yet makes it clear that free societies cannot do without it.
A Novel PID Robotic for Speed Controller Using Optimization Based Tune Technique
Authors: Salih Mahdi Alkhafaji Falih , Zuha Wan Hasan Wan , Sulaiman Nasri , Mohd. Isa Maryam
Published: April 2021

One of the most significant issue of proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is the efforts to optimize coefficient gains. Based on survey, massive tuning methods were proposed to resolve this problem but there is little pay attention to maximize minimization time response significantly. This study proposed a novel technique to maximize optimization PID gains for the DC motor controller by combining both proper tuning method with signal input signal output (SISO) optimization toolbox using optimization based tune (OBT) techniques, that could be utilized for the highest precision controller. The comparative study has been carried out by applying five different tuning methods to obtain a proper tuning controller, then to be combined with SISO optimization toolbox. The utilized tuning methods are Robust Auto tune (RAT), Ziegler–Nichols (Z-N), Skogestad Internal Model Control (SIMC), Chien Hroues Reswick (CHR), and Approximate M-Constrained Integral Gain Optimization (AMIGO). The performance of each tuning methods based OBT are analyzed and compared using MATLAB/SISO tool environment, where the efficiency has been assessed on a basis of time response characteristics (Ti) in terms of dead time (td), rise time (tr), settling time (ts), peak time (tp) and peak overshoot (Pos). The simulation results of AMIGO based proposal show a significant reduction time response characteristic to be measured in the Microsecond unit (μs). The novelty feature of the proposed is that provides superior balancing between robustness and performance. This study has been completely rewritten to account for the robotic controller development that has been taken place in the last years.
Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric and Dielectric Properties of Novel Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Panda Maheswar
Published: April 2021

In this chapter, the Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric and Dielectric behavior of novel polymer/ceramic nano-composite (PCC) based on ferroelectric polymer [polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF)] & nano Barium Titanate (n-BaTiO3) with different volume fractions of n-BaTiO3 (fBaTiO3), prepared through the novel cold pressing method has been discussed. The ferroelectric parameters of PCC are attributed to spherulites of PVDF, the increase of n-BaTiO3 and the ordered homogenous structure due to the novel cold pressing. The clustering of ceramic fillers is responsible for randomization of the structures of these composite ferroelectrics for some samples, leading to decrease of electrical polarisations. The piezoelectricity and piezoelectric coefficients of these composites ferroelectrics, increases with increase of ceramic filer content and remains constant beyond a certain ratio. However, the dielectric properties increase linearly as a function of ceramic content due to increase of interfaces/interfacial polarisations. The enhancement of effective dielectric constant (ɛeff) is attributed to the large interfacial polarization arising due to the charge storage at the spherulites of PVDF and at the polymer/filler interfaces of PCC and have been explained on the basis of sum effect with the help of the standard models. The achieved lower loss tangent (Tan δ) for the PCC as compared to the polymer/metal composites (PMC) is attributed to the highly insulating nature of PVDF & semiconducting n-BaTiO3. The thermal stability of the composites is also maintained due to the higher melting temperature (170°C) of PVDF. The cold pressed PCC based on PVDF are going to act as better polymer ferroelectric/dielectrics for memory and electrical energy storage applications.
Mapping and Assessment of Evapotranspiration over Different Land-Use/Land-Cover Types in Arid Ecosystem
Authors: G. Biro Turk Khalid , I. Zeineldin Faisal , M. Alghannam Abdulrahman
Published: April 2021

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential process for defining the mass and energy relationship between soil, crop and atmosphere. This study was conducted in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia, to estimate the actual daily, monthly and annual evapotranspiration (ETa) for different land-use systems using Landsat-8 satellite data during the year 2017/2018. Initially, six land-use and land-cover (LULC) types were identified, namely: date palm, cropland, bare land, urban land, aquatic vegetation, and open water bodies. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) supported by climate data was used to compute the ETa. The SEBAL model outputs were validated using the FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO P-M) method coupled with field observation. The results showed that the annual ETa values varied between 800 and 1400 mm.year−1 for date palm, 2000 mm.year−1 for open water and 800 mm.year−1 for croplands. The validation measure showed a significant agreement level between the SEBAL model and the FAO P-M method with RMSE of 0.84, 0.98 and 1.38 mm.day−1 for date palm, open water and cropland respectively. The study concludes that the ETa produced from the satellite data and the SEBAL model is useful for water resource management under arid ecosystem of the study area.
Cybersecurity Skills in EU: New Educational Concept for Closing the Missing Workforce Gap
Authors: Jerman Blažič Borka
Published: April 2021

Recruiting, retaining and maintaining a validated number of cybersecurity professionals in the workplace is a constant battle, not only for the technical side of cybersecurity, but also for the overlooked area of non-technical, managerial-related jobs in the cyber sector. For years, much of the focus within cyberspace has been on the technical needs of the underlying networks and services. Very little emphasis has been placed on the human dimension of cybersecurity. This lack of cybersecurity professionals is a major problem all over the world. To overcome it, current educational systems need to be re-shaped and cooperation introduced between the different stakeholders. This chapter presents and discusses the actions and the developments in the education concept of cybersecurity knowledge and skills intended to meet the needs of the labour market in the EU. The changes in the education prepared by the higher-education institutions and by professional training providers are presented and discussed.
A Picture Book Is Worth a Thousand Words: Building a Character Literacy Library
Authors: Duncan Mary Katherine
Published: April 2021

According to the U.S. Department of Education, character education refers to teaching “the habits of thought and deed that help people live and work together as families, friends, neighbors, communities, and nations.”Character education has long been viewed as an essential part of the mission of schools, and some have even suggested that it may be the primary purpose of education in the future. In addition, meta-analytic studies have linked character education to decreased risk behaviors, increased prosocial behaviors, favorable school outcomes, and healthy social-emotional functioning.
Public Awareness and Advocacy Committee: Best Practices Online: Considerations for Successful Virtual Programs
Authors: Nolet Angela , Lockwood Jacqueline , Gamble Shanyn
Published: April 2021

By now, your organization has likely decided which video platform it’s going to use. Here are some Zoom best practices being used at King County (WA) Library System.Planning Your ProgramProtect yourself while also representing your organization. Be mindful that in an online program you might be recorded without your knowledge on someone’s phone, camera, or another meeting platform. Take care with your appearance, background, and personal details.
Determinantes do endividamento de empresas brasileiras listadas na B3 com e sem risco de insolvência
Authors: Lott Vinícius Freitas , Tenenwurcel Daniel Rennó , Camargos Marcos Antônio de
Published: April 2021

Objetivo – O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e analisar se existem diferenças nos determinantes da estrutura de capital de empresas listadas na B3 (Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão) com risco e sem de falência. Design/metodologia/abordagem – Foi utilizado o índice de predição de falência (Z2) de Altman, Baidya e Dias (1979), para separar empresas com e sem risco de falência, além do modelo de regressão múltipla estimado via MQO, em uma amostra de 233 empresas. Os dados utilizados são secundários e anuais, obtidos de demonstrações financeiras retiradas da base Quantum Axis, abrangendo o período de 2011 a 2016.Resultados – Constatou-se que há diferença dos determinantes do endividamento entre empresas com e sem risco de falência. Empresas com risco de falência apresentam relação positiva entre o endividamento de longo prazo e total e a rentabilidade e o risco. As empresas saudáveis, a dívida de longo prazo e total apresentou relação negativa com a rentabilidade e positiva com o risco e o tamanho.Implicações e limitações da pesquisa – A limitação deste estudo é que ele se aplica apenas às empresas investigadas, não sendo possível fazer generalizações. Originalidade/valor – Em linhas gerais, as evidências encontradas corroboram a pecking order theory, segundo a qual a primeira fonte de recursos para financiar investimentos é o lucro retido, na avaliação da estrutura de capital das empresas saudáveis do que em relação às empresas com risco de falência. Dessa forma, contribuição da pesquisa está no campo empírico, fornecendo novas evidências para um tema bastante controverso na teoria de finanças.
Relações entre os sentidos do trabalho e a satisfação no trabalho: uma análise com uma categoria de servidores públicos
Authors: Ribeiro Elisa Leonardi , Marra Adriana Ventola
Published: April 2021

Objetivo - Este estudo teve por objetivo principal analisar se os sentidos do trabalho são capazes de influenciar o nível de satisfação de servidores públicos federais.Design/metodologia/abordagem - Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem mista junto aos servidores técnico-administrativos em educação de uma Universidade Federal, localizada no interior de Minas Gerais. Foram coletados 186 questionários, utilizando uma adaptação da Escala do Trabalho com Sentido (ETS) e a Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho (EST), e realizadas 10 entrevistas semiestruturadas.Resultados - As análises de correlação entre os dois construtos revelaram a existência de forças de associação moderadas, em sua maioria, entre as dimensões dos sentidos do trabalho e o escore médio de satisfação no trabalho, enquanto que a regressão linear revelou um efeito genuíno dos sentidos do trabalho sobre os índices de satisfação no trabalho. A análise de conteúdo das entrevistas embasou os resultados encontrados, permitindo concluir que, para os servidores pesquisados, a identificação com o trabalho desempenhado em um ambiente que valoriza aspectos como ética, autonomia, relacionamentos e aprendizagem acaba influenciando direta e positivamente o nível de satisfação com este trabalho.Originalidade/valor – Compreender as relações entre sentidos e satisfação no trabalho de servidores públicos, no contexto da gestão de pessoas, se apresenta como uma pesquisa original e de valor, contribuindo para que gestores das universidades busquem novas formas de incentivo aos servidores.
Uso de indicadores de sustentabilidade na gestão de projetos de tecnologia da informação
Authors: Mesquita Alexandre Alcantara , Penha Renato , Kniess Claudia Terezinha , Travis Tina
Published: April 2021

Objetivo – O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a relação entre indicadores de sustentabilidade e projetos do segmento de Tecnologia da Informação.Metodologia - A pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratória com abordagem qualitativa realizada por meio de um estudo de caso múltiplo realizado em prestadores de serviços da área de Tecnologia da Informação.Resultados – A pesquisa concluiu que as organizações não possuem a aplicação de indicadores de sustentabilidade em nível organizacional na gestão de projetos de Tecnologia da Informação, porém, nenhum dos casos abordados apresenta a presença de indicadores específicos para projetos de Tecnologia da Informação. Assim, a utilização de indicadores de sustentabilidade está sujeita à natureza envolvida no projeto de tecnologia da informação.Limitações/implicações da pesquisa - O estudo se limita à identificação de indicadores de sustentabilidade em empresas de tecnologia da informação.Originalidade - Embora pesquisas apontem para a eficácia da utilização de indicadores de sustentabilidade em projetos, ainda existe uma lacuna para a realização de novos estudos em projetos de tecnologia da informação, com o objetivo de aumentar seu desempenho econômico.
Single-zone simulations using FaTIMA for reducing aerosol exposure in educational spaces
Authors: Ng Lisa , Poppendieck Dustin , Polidoro Brian , Dols W Stuart , Emmerich Steven , Persily Andrew
Published: April 2021

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. Following this announcement, school closures around the United States began, and starting in June 2020, many schools decided to reopen for the next academic year or were planning to reopen. Guidance from ASHRAE and other organizations for reoccupying school buildings include wearing masks, increasing ventilation, increasing filtration, and using portable air cleaners (PAC).This report describes a simulation study that: (1) compares the relative reduction in aerosol exposure in education spaces as a result of changes to the operation of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and inclusion of non-HVAC controls (e.g., wearing of masks and operating PAC) and (2) estimates the uncertainties in effectiveness associated with these controls and combinations of controls. This analysis used Fate and Transport of Indoor Microbial Aerosols (FaTIMA), a tool developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to evaluate aerosol exposure in ventilated spaces. FaTIMA was used to model the release of biological aerosols in two classrooms and an assembly room with four different types of HVAC systems, including central air handling systems (CAHS), dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS), terminal unit systems (TUS), and wall unit systems (WUS). Exposure was evaluated for 1 ?m particles (or aerosols) by which viruses are transported. In the classrooms, exposure was evaluated for 6 h of continuous exposure to a continuous source. In the assembly room, exposure was evaluated for 1 h of continuous exposure, where the source was present for the 5 h prior to the exposure period. For all the spaces and HVAC systems, the wearing of masks alone (assuming a protection efficiency of 25 % for both intake and exhalation) reduced exposure by 44 % relative to the base cases without masks. Masks with higher protection efficiencies (85 % to 90 %) reduced exposure 99 %, and masks with lower protection efficiencies reduced exposure 15 %. Masks with inhalation and exhalation protection efficiencies of 25 % combined with MERV 13 filtration in the HVAC systems reduced exposure by an average 71 % for the CAHS, DOAS, and TUS. For the CAHS, these masks combined with 100 % outdoor air (OA) intake reduced exposure by an average of 70 %. Using either a 297 clean air delivery rate (CADR) PAC or a 569 L?s-1 (1 200 cfm) exhaust fan with these masks, exposure was reduced by an average of 68 %. Combining all these controls, exposure was reduced by an average of 85 % assuming all controls were performing as intended. The results of this analysis may be useful in the selection of control options in educational facilities.
Peut-on vraiment parler d’un « tournant radical » dans la pensée politique de Charles Taylor ?
Authors: St-Laurent Guillaume
Published: April 2021

Le double objectif de cet essai est de réfuter la thèse défendue par Bernard Gagnon d’un tournant radical dans la pensée politique de Charles Taylor et d’identifier le présupposé qui la gouverne. Une lecture plus approfondie de l’oeuvre de Taylor montre que celle-ci n’opère aucun tournant libéral à partir de 1995, mais se trouve seulement marquée par son adhésion au libéralisme politique qui émergeait à ce moment afin de mieux faire face au problème de la stabilité des démocraties constitutionnelles en contexte de pluralisme raisonnable.
Contextes territoriaux et perceptions de l’immigration : ethnocentrisme et contact dans trois régions du Québec1
Authors: Turgeon Luc , Bilodeau Antoine
Published: April 2021

Comment les résident·e·s de régions distinctes du Québec expriment-il·elle·s leurs opinions face à l’immigration ? Et quelles sont les sources de telles perceptions dans chacun de ces contextes territoriaux ? Cet article explore ces questions par l’entremise d’une analyse de huit groupes de discussion organisés à Montréal, sur la Rive-Nord de Montréal et dans le Bas-Saint-Laurent en décembre 2017. Nous présentons deux principales conclusions. Premièrement, les discours sur l’immigration sont beaucoup plus négatifs en banlieue de Montréal que dans le Bas-Saint-Laurent ou encore Montréal. Deuxièmement, nous interprétons les différences régionales comme le fruit de l’interaction relativement unique entre l’ethnocentrisme et les expériences de contact dans chacun des contextes territoriaux.
The Use of Expert Judgement Methods for Deriving Accident Probabilities in Aviation
Authors: Badanik Benedikt , Janossy Martin , Dijkstra Arthur
Published: April 2021

Improving safety has always been the top interest in the aviation industry. The outcomes of safety and risk analyses have become much more thorough and sophisticated. They have become an industry standard of safety investigations in many airlines nowadays. In the past, airlines were much more limited in answering the questions about hazardous situations, accident probabilities, and accident rates. Airlines try hard to cope with stricter safety standards. The objective of this paper is to find out and quantify the extent of the expert judgment in helping airlines in the evaluation of the Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) events. On top of that, the paper reveals the method for a careful choice of experts, so that their estimations will maximize the potential of an accurate and useful outcome. Also, the paper provides details of implementation of the classical model into this research, then continues with the calculations and visualization of the outcomes. The outcomes are probability distributions per each aircraft type, then per IATA accident type and finally per FDM event.
Unravelling competitors’ brain-andbody correlates. The two-persons social neuroscience approach to study competition
Authors: Balconi Michela , Angioletti Laura
Published: April 2021

Competition refers to a condition for which an individual or a group strive to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others. It follows that, unlike cooperation, the gain of one foresees the loss of the other. Most accounts have focused on the individual and social cognitive mechanisms featuring cooperative/competitive behavior, however, a fascinating question regards the neurophysiological correlates of competitive social phenomenon. What happens at a neural and peripheral level in the brain-and-body system of two people engaged in a competitive dynamic? The combination of multiple neuroscientific techniques adopted to unveil the individual and social complexity of competition leads us discussing a more recent and promising paradigm in neuroscience, the hyperscanning. In the social neuroscience field, hyperscanning allowed shifting from a single-person to a two-persons perspective and can open new opportunities to study interpersonal brain-and-body connectivity during competitive social interactions in increasingly ecological contexts.