bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulating electrostatic phenomena by cationic polymer binder for scalable high-areal-capacity Li battery electrodes
Authors: Kim Jung-Hui , Lee Kyung Min , Kim Ji Won , Kweon Seong Hyeon , Moon Hyun-Seok , Yim Taeeun , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Sang-Young
Published: September 2023

Despite the enormous interest in high-areal-capacity Li battery electrodes, their structural instability and nonuniform charge transfer have plagued practical application. Herein, we present a cationic semi-interpenetrating polymer network (c-IPN) binder strategy, with a focus on the regulation of electrostatic phenomena in electrodes. Compared to conventional neutral linear binders, the c-IPN suppresses solvent-drying-induced crack evolution of electrodes and improves the dispersion state of electrode components owing to its surface charge-driven electrostatic repulsion and mechanical toughness. The c-IPN immobilizes anions of liquid electrolytes inside the electrodes via electrostatic attraction, thereby facilitating Li+ conduction and forming stable cathode–electrolyte interphases. Consequently, the c-IPN enables high-areal-capacity (up to 20 mAh cm–2) cathodes with decent cyclability (capacity retention after 100 cycles = 82%) using commercial slurry-cast electrode fabrication, while fully utilizing the theoretical specific capacity of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. Further, coupling of the c-IPN cathodes with Li-metal anodes yields double-stacked pouch-type cells with high energy content at 25 °C (376 Wh kgcell−1/1043 Wh Lcell–1, estimated including packaging substances), demonstrating practical viability of the c-IPN binder for scalable high-areal-capacity electrodes.
Human skeletal muscle tissue chip autonomous payload reveals changes in fiber type and metabolic gene expression due to spaceflight
Authors: Parafati Maddalena , Giza Shelby , Shenoy Tushar S. , Mojica-Santiago Jorge A. , Hopf Meghan , Malany Legrand K. , Platt Don , Moore Isabel , Jacobs Zachary A. , Kuehl Paul , Rexroat Jason , Barnett Gentry , Schmidt Christine E. , McLamb William T. , Clements Twyman , Coen Paul M. , Malany Siobhan
Published: September 2023

Microphysiological systems provide the opportunity to model accelerated changes at the human tissue level in the extreme space environment. Spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy experienced by astronauts shares similar physiological changes to muscle wasting in older adults, known as sarcopenia. These shared attributes provide a rationale for investigating molecular changes in muscle cells exposed to spaceflight that may mimic the underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia. We report the results from three-dimensional myobundles derived from muscle biopsies from young and older adults, integrated into an autonomous CubeLab™, and flown to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard SpaceX CRS-21 as part of the NIH/NASA funded Tissue Chips in Space program. Global transcriptomic RNA-Seq analyses comparing the myobundles in space and on the ground revealed downregulation of shared transcripts related to myoblast proliferation and muscle differentiation. The analyses also revealed downregulated differentially expressed gene pathways related to muscle metabolism unique to myobundles derived from the older cohort exposed to the space environment compared to ground controls. Gene classes related to inflammatory pathways were downregulated in flight samples cultured from the younger cohort compared to ground controls. Our muscle tissue chip platform provides an approach to studying the cell autonomous effects of spaceflight on muscle cell biology that may not be appreciated on the whole organ or organism level and sets the stage for continued data collection from muscle tissue chip experimentation in microgravity. We also report on the challenges and opportunities for conducting autonomous tissue-on-chip CubeLabTMpayloads on the ISS.
Sign language experience has little effect on face and biomotion perception in bimodal bilinguals
Authors: Lammert Jessica M. , Levine Alexandra T. , Koshkebaghi Dursa , Butler Blake E.
Published: September 2023

Sensory and language experience can affect brain organization and domain-general abilities. For example, D/deaf individuals show superior visual perception compared to hearing controls in several domains, including the perception of faces and peripheral motion. While these enhancements may result from sensory loss and subsequent neural plasticity, they may also reflect experience using a visual-manual language, like American Sign Language (ASL), where signers must process moving hand signs and facial cues simultaneously. In an effort to disentangle these concurrent sensory experiences, we examined how learning sign language influences visual abilities by comparing bimodal bilinguals (i.e., sign language users with typical hearing) and hearing non-signers. Bimodal bilinguals and hearing non-signers completed online psychophysical measures of face matching and biological motion discrimination. No significant group differences were observed across these two tasks, suggesting that sign language experience is insufficient to induce perceptual advantages in typical-hearing adults. However, ASL proficiency (but not years of experience or age of acquisition) was found to predict performance on the motion perception task among bimodal bilinguals. Overall, the results presented here highlight a need for more nuanced study of how linguistic environments, sensory experience, and cognitive functions impact broad perceptual processes and underlying neural correlates.
Clinical significance of MATN1-AS1 as ceRNA of Mir-200b in tissues and serum of patients with cervical cancer
Authors: He Lijie , Li Pu , Zhang Heping
Published: September 2023

To analyze the clinical significance of MATN1-AS1 as ceRNA of Mir-200b in the tissues and serum of cervical cancer patients. A total of 50 patients with cervical cancer admitted to our hospital from March 2018 to March 2019 were selected as the research objects. All patients underwent surgical resection of cancer tissues in our hospital, and cervical cancer tissues and adjacent tissues more than 2 cm away from the edge of cancer tissues were retained. Patients with cervical cancer were selected as the research group, and 50 patients with benign uterine lesions were selected as the control group. The expressions of MATN1-AS1 and Mir-200b in cervical cancer tissues and serum were detected by real-time PCR, and the correlation between MATN1-AS1 and Mir-200b was analyzed. The relationship between MATN1-AS1, Mir-200b and clinical features was analyzed, and the 3-year survival rate of cervical cancer patients was analyzed. Compared with adjacent tissues, the relative expression levels of MATN1-AS1 and Mir-200b in cancer tissues were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the relative expression levels of MATN1-AS1 and mir-200b in the study group were increased (P < 0.05). The expression levels of matn1-as1 and mir-200b were higher in poorly differentiated, tumor ≥ 4 cm, FIGO stage iii–iv, and lymph node metastasis patients (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that MATN1-AS1 was positively correlated with Mir-200b (r = 0.625, P = 0.001). Compared with blank control group, the relative expression levels of MATN1-AS1 and Mir-200b in MATN1-AS1 silencing group were decreased (P < 0.05). The 3-year survival rate of 48 patients with cervical cancer was 66.67% (32/48). The survival rate of patients with high expression of MATN1-AS1 was lower than that of patients with low expression of MATN1-AS1, and the survival rate of patients with high expression of Mir-200b was lower than that of patients with low expression of Mir-200b (x2 = 4.251, 5.244, P = 0.011, 0.008). There is a potential binding point between MATN1-AS1 and Mir-200b. The expressions of MATN1-AS1 and Mir-200b are increased in the tissues and serum of cervical cancer patients, and they are positively correlated. Silencing of MATN1-AS1 in cervical cancer cell lines can reduce the expression of Mir-200b. Matn1-as1 can regulate the expression of Mir-200b and participate in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.
ChatGPT in education: global reactions to AI innovations
Authors: Fütterer Tim , Fischer Christian , Alekseeva Anastasiia , Chen Xiaobin , Tate Tamara , Warschauer Mark , Gerjets Peter
Published: September 2023

The release and rapid diffusion of ChatGPT have caught the attention of educators worldwide. Some educators are enthusiastic about its potential to support learning. Others are concerned about how it might circumvent learning opportunities or contribute to misinformation. To better understand reactions about ChatGPT concerning education, we analyzed Twitter data (16,830,997 tweets from 5,541,457 users). Based on topic modeling and sentiment analysis, we provide an overview of global perceptions and reactions to ChatGPT regarding education. ChatGPT triggered a massive response on Twitter, with education being the most tweeted content topic. Topics ranged from specific (e.g., cheating) to broad (e.g., opportunities), which were discussed with mixed sentiment. We traced that authority decisions may influence public opinions. We discussed that the average reaction on Twitter (e.g., using ChatGPT to cheat in exams) differs from discussions in which education and teaching–learning researchers are likely to be more interested (e.g., ChatGPT as an intelligent learning partner). This study provides insights into people's reactions when new groundbreaking technology is released and implications for scientific and policy communication in rapidly changing circumstances.
Alteration of microbial composition in the skin and blood in vasculitis
Authors: Miyata Ryujin , Miyabe Chie , Oki Hiroya , Motooka Daisuke , Nakamura Shota , Miyabe Yoshishige , Takenaka Yuko , Fukuya Yasuko , Yudo Kazuo , Ishiguro Naoko
Published: September 2023

Vasculitis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by leukocyte infiltration into blood vessels. Various microorganisms have been associated with the pathogenesis of vasculitis; however, the causal microbial agents and underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, possibly because of the technical limitations of pathogen detection. In the present study, we characterized the microbiome profile of patients with cutaneous vasculitis using comprehensive metagenome shotgun sequencing. We found that the abundance of the SEN virus was increased in the affected skin and serum of patients with vasculitis compared to healthy donors. In particular, the abundance of SEN virus reads was increased in the sera of patients with cutaneous arteritis. Among the bacteria identified, Corynebacteriales was the most differentially associated with vasculitis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size also indicated differences in the microbial taxa between patients with vasculitis and healthy donors. These findings demonstrate that vasculitis is associated with considerable alteration of the microbiome in the blood and skin and suggest a role for the infectious trigger in vasculitis.
Risk of long COVID main symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marjenberg Zoe , Leng Sean , Tascini Carlo , Garg Megha , Misso Kate , El Guerche Seblain Clotilde , Shaikh Nabila
Published: September 2023

This review aimed to summarise the relative risk (RR) of the main symptoms of long COVID in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to uninfected controls, as well as the difference in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after infection. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, NLM-LitCovid, WHO-COVID-19, arXiv and Europe-PMC were searched up to 23rd March 2022. Studies reporting risk (four or more weeks after infection) of fatigue, shortness of breath, and cognitive dysfunction, as well as comparative HRQoL outcomes, were included. Pairwise random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool risks of individual symptoms. Thirty-three studies were identified; twenty studies reporting symptom risks were included in the meta-analyses. Overall, infection with SARS-CoV-2 carried significantly higher risk of fatigue (RR 1.72, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 1.41, 2.10), shortness of breath (RR 2.60, 95% CIs 1.96, 3.44), memory difficulties (RR 2.53, 95% CIs 1.30, 4.93), and concentration difficulties (RR 2.14, 95% CIs 1.25, 3.67). Quality of life findings were varied and comparisons between studies were challenging due to different HRQoL instruments used and study heterogeneity, although studies indicated that severe hospitalised COVID is associated with a significantly poorer HRQoL after infection. These risks are likely to constantly change as vaccines, reinfections, and new variants alter global immunity.
A simulation-based option to assess data-limited fisheries off West African waters
Authors: Kindong Richard , Wu Feng , Sarr Ousmane , Zhu Jiangfeng
Published: September 2023

Most sophisticated stock assessment models often need a large amount of data to assess fish stocks, yet this data is often lacking for most fisheries worldwide, resulting in the increasing demand for data-limited stock assessment methods. To estimate fish stock status, one class of these data-limited methods uses simply catch time series data and, in other instances, life history information or fishery characteristics. These catch-only methods (COMs) built differently are known to make assumptions about changes in fishing effort and may perform differently under various fishing scenarios. As a case study, this paper used European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) caught in the northwest African waters, though very economically and ecologically important, but still unassessed. Our study investigated the performance of five COMs under different fishing scenarios using as a reference the life-history information of the European anchovy captured in this region of the Atlantic. Hence, the present study developed a simulation approach to evaluate the performance of the five COMs in inferring the stock biomass status (B/BMSY) with consideration of different fishing scenarios under prior information true to anchovy. All five COMs mostly underestimated B/BMSY throughout the simulation period, especially under constant fishing mortality, and in the last five years of the simulation during all fishing scenarios. Overall, these COMs were generally poor classifiers of stock status, however, the state-space COM (SSCOM) generally performed better than the other COMs as it showed possibilities of recovering an overfished stock. When these methods were explored using actual anchovy catch data collected in the northwest African waters, SSCOM yielded results that were deferred from the other COMs. This study being the first to assess this species’ stock in this area using a suite of COMs, presents more insights into the species stock status, and what needs to be considered before scientifically putting in place management measures of the stock in the area.
IL-1β stimulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis via inducing apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: Chiu Yun-Hsuan , Liang Ya-Han , Hwang Jeng-Jong , Wang Hwai-Shi
Published: September 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial proliferation and lymphocyte accumulation leading to progressive damage of the periarticular bone and the articular cartilage. The hyperplasia of the synovial intima lining mainly consists of fibroblast-like synoviocytes-rheumatoid arthritis (HFLS-RA) which exhibit apoptosis-resistance, hyper-proliferation, and high invasiveness. The therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment in RA has been shown to be due to its immuno-regulatory ability. However, the exact factors and mechanisms involved in MSCs treatment in RA remain unclear. In this study, TRAIL receptor-Death receptor 4 (DR4), DR5, and LFA-1 ligand-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were upregulated in IL-1β-stimulated HFLS-RA. We demonstrated that the total cell number of IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs adhering to IL-1β-stimulated HFLA-RA increased via LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. Direct co-culture of IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs with IL-1β-stimulated HFLS-RA increased the apoptosis of HFLS-RA. RA symptoms in the CIA mouse model improved after administration of IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs. In conclusion, IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs adhering to HFLS-RA occurred via LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction, apoptosis of HFLS-RA was induced via TRAIL/DR4, DR5 contact, and RA symptoms and inflammation were significantly improved in a CIA mouse model. The results of this study suggest that IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs have therapeutic potential in RA treatment.
C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio as a biomarker in patients with sepsis: a novel LASSO-COX based prognostic nomogram
Authors: Zhou Xin , Fu Shouzhi , Wu Yisi , Guo Zhenhui , Dian Wankang , Sun Huibin , Liao Youxia
Published: September 2023

To develop a C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR)-based nomogram for predicting the risk of in-hospital death in sepsis patients. Sepsis patients were selected from the MIMIC-IV database. Independent predictors were determined by multiple Cox analysis and then integrated to predict survival. The performance of the model was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and calibration curve. The risk stratifications analysis and subgroup analysis of the model in overall survival (OS) were assessed by Kaplan–Meier (K–M) curves. A total of 6414 sepsis patients were included. C-index of the CAR-based model was 0.917 [standard error (SE): 0.112] for the training set and 0.935 (SE: 0.010) for the validation set. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.881 in the training set and 0.801 in the validation set. And the calibration curve showed that the nomogram performs well in both the training and validation sets. K–M curves indicated that patients with high CAR had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than those with low CAR. The CAR-based model has considerably high accuracy for predicting the OS of sepsis patients.
Effects of multiple cations and sintering temperature on microstructure and dielectric properties in Na1/2Ln1/2Cu3Ti4O12 (Ln = Sm and Eu) ceramic materials
Authors: Yuan Long-Fei , Zhang Ting , Han Dan-Dan
Published: September 2023

Na1/2Eu1/2Cu3Ti4O12 and Na1/2Sm1/2Cu3Ti4O12 dielectric ceramics were synthesized at different sintering temperatures (950, 975 and 1000 °C) by a solid-state reaction method. Phase structure, cation valence state, and dielectric properties of all sintered ceramics were systematically investigated. When the preparation temperature was changed, the Cu+ ion concentration of (Na+, Eu3+) co-doped ceramics changed faster than that of (Na+, Sm3+) co-doped ceramics. Abnormally high dielectric constants of ~ 3.17 × 104 and ~ 1.06 × 104 (at 10 Hz and 303 K) were achieved in Na1/2Sm1/2Cu3Ti4O12 and Na1/2Eu1/2Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics prepared at 950 °C, respectively. However, Na1/2Sm1/2Cu3Ti4O12 and Na1/2Eu1/2Cu3Ti4O12 prepared in high sintering temperature (1000 °C) exhibited a good frequency stability of dielectric permittivity. It was demonstrated that an increasing number of charge carriers induced by the increase of sintering temperature could lead to a competitive coexistence of two polarization mechanisms (surface barrier layer capacitor and internal barrier layer capacitor), further changing the dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12-based ceramics.
Meticulous research for design of plasmonics sensors for cancer detection and food contaminants analysis via machine learning and artificial intelligence
Authors: Jafrasteh Fatemeh , Farmani Ali , Mohamadi Javad
Published: September 2023

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, making early detection and accurate diagnosis critical for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool for cancer detection, enabling the development of innovative algorithms that can analyze vast amounts of data and provide accurate predictions. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various ML algorithms and techniques employed for cancer detection, highlighting recent advancements, challenges, and future directions in this field. The main challenge is finding a safe, auditable and reliable analysis method for fundamental scientific publication. Food contaminant analysis is a process of testing food products to identify and quantify the presence of harmful substances or contaminants. These substances can include bacteria, viruses, toxins, pesticides, heavy metals, allergens, and other chemical residues. Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (A.I) proposed as a promising method that possesses excellent potential to extract information with high validity that may be overlooked with conventional analysis techniques and for its capability in a wide range of investigations. A.I technology used in meta-optics can develop optical devices and systems to a higher level in future. Furthermore (M.L.) and (A.I.) play key roles as a health Approach for nano materials NMs safety assessment in environment and human health research. Beside, benefits of ML in design of plasmonic sensors for different applications with improved resolution and detection are convinced.
Colorimetric and ratiometric supramolecular AIE fluorescent probe for the on-site monitoring of fipronil
Authors: Ge Junxu , Wang Li-Juan , Pan Xiu , Zhang Chungu , Wu Ming-Yu , Feng Shun
Published: September 2023

A novel colorimetric and ratiometric supramolecular probe is developed for the on-site detection of FPN with a fast response, high sensitivity, and good selectivity and anti-interference performance.
An Fe-organic framework/arginine–glycine–aspartate peptide-modified sensor for electrochemically detecting nitric oxide released from living cells
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Shu Ting , Lang Jinrong , Cui Ziyu , Li Ping , Wang Shi
Published: September 2023

Fe–BTC/RGD exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity for NO and high cytocompatibility with HUVECs. The Fe–BTC/RGD/SPE obtained using the fabricated Fe–BTC/RGD with an SPE (containing a PDMS chamber) is utilized for convenient cellular sensing of NO.
Anisotropic ductility and thermoelectricity of van der Waals GeAs
Authors: Jiang Xia , Zhao Tianqi , Wang Dong
Published: September 2023

The ductile semiconductor GeAs exhibits a remarkable p-type thermoelectric response in the out-of-plane direction at 800 K.
Graphene/C2N lateral heterostructures as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Yawen , Wang Qianru , Zhang Quan , Zhang Shengli , Zhang Yang
Published: September 2023

Graphene/C2N lateral heterostructures can synergistically exhibit the advantages of graphene and the C2N monolayer, holding great promise as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
A surface modification strategy to prepare hierarchical Beta molecular sieves for glucose dehydration
Authors: Wang Zhongxu , Lu Peng , Li Shuo , Shan Yuling , Li Lu , Wang Xiaosheng , Liu Shuwei , Han Lei , Liu Shiwei , Liu Yuxiang
Published: September 2023

Organic alkaline molecules adsorb on the surface of Beta as a protective agent to preserve aluminium atoms. As-synthesized hierarchical Beta molecular sieves have a higher retention of acid sites.
Bifunctional Cu(ii)-based 2D coordination polymer and its composite for high-performance photocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Ali Arif , Waris  , Basree  , Khan Mohammad Zain , Dege Necmi , Ahmad Musheer , Shahid M.
Published: September 2023

Coordination polymers (CPs) have been widely proven as sacrificial electrode materials for energy storage application because of their high porosity, specific surface area, better recylability and tunable structural topology.
Synthesis of CuOx nanostructures in novel electrolytes under hydrodynamic conditions for photoelectrochemical applications
Authors: Sánchez-García G. , Pérez-Calvo A. , Fernández-Domene R. M. , Blasco-Tamarit E. , Sánchez-Tovar R. , Solsona B.
Published: September 2023

Optimized CuOx by hydrodynamic anodization for efficient photoelectrodegradation of a greenhouse gas: N2O.
Integrating Co(OH)2 nanosheet arrays on graphene for efficient noble-metal-free EY-sensitized photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Wei Yu , Hao Jin-Ge , Zhang Jia-Lin , Huang Wei-Ya , Ouyang Shao-bo , Yang Kai , Lu Kang-Qiang
Published: September 2023

A hierarchical hybrid cocatalyst is constructed by in situ anchoring Co(OH)2 nanosheet arrays on graphene. Using Eosin Y as a photosensitizer, the Co(OH)2-GR hybrid showed superior performance in photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Structural variation, magnetism and single-source deposition of lanthanide-containing polyoxotitanates
Authors: Müller Rosa , Georghiades Olivia , Bocarsly Joshua D. , Sayed Farheen N. , Riesgo-González Víctor , Bond Andrew D. , Grey Clare P. , Wright Dominic S.
Published: September 2023

Structurally versatile lanthanide-containing polyoxotitanates can be used as single-source precursors for the low-temperature synthesis of lanthanide–titanium hybrid oxides such as pyrochlores or brannerite.
Preparation, thermal storage properties and application of sodium acetate trihydrate/expanded graphite composite phase change materials
Authors: Wang K. W. , Yan Ting , Meng L. C. , Pan W. G.
Published: September 2023

The development of energy storage technology is beneficial for the efficient use of energy and sustainable development.
Effective disproportionation of SiO induced by Na2CO3 and improved cycling stability via PDA-based carbon coating as anode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Jialiang , Chen Ronghua , Yang Wei , Zou Hanbo , Chen Shengzhou
Published: September 2023

The ICE for the d-SiO-G@C composite is 72.6%, and its capacity retention reaches 86.2% after 300 cycles.
Large yellow tea polysaccharides ameliorate obesity-associated metabolic syndrome by promoting M2 polarization of adipose tissue macrophages
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Wang Lan , Cheng Huijun , Ge Huifang , Xie Zhongwen , Li Daxiang
Published: September 2023

LYPs ameliorate obesity-associated complications by reshaping M2 polarization of adipose tissue macrophages.
Mulberry leaf extract and neochlorogenic acid ameliorate glucolipotoxicity-induced diabetic nephropathy in high-fat diet-fed db/db mice
Authors: Hung Tung-Wei , Yang Mon-Yuan , Yu Meng-Hsun , Tsai I-Ning , Tsai Yung-Che , Chan Kuei-Chuan , Wang Chau-Jong
Published: September 2023

Diabetic nephropathy, a major diabetes complication, is often exacerbated by glucolipotoxicity.
A microfluidic double emulsion platform for spatiotemporal control of pH and particle synthesis
Authors: Rana Maheen , Ahmad Raheel , Taylor Annette F.
Published: September 2023

The temporal control of pH in microreactors such as emulsion droplets plays a vital role in applications including biomineralisation and microparticle synthesis.
Introduction to halide perovskite optoelectronics
Authors: Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Loi Maria Antonietta , Zeng Haibo , Luther Joseph M.
Published: September 2023

Lakshminarayana Polavarapu, Maria Antonietta Loi, Haibo Zeng, and Joseph M. Luther introduce this Nanoscale themed collection on halide perovskite optoelectronics.
Dioxygen concentration-dependent selective hydroxysulfonylation of olefins by rose bengal-sensitized photocatalysis
Authors: Yadav Navin , Payra Soumen , Tamuly Parag , Narasimha Moorthy Jarugu
Published: September 2023

A facile visible light-mediated synthesis of β-hydroxysulfones selectively from olefins and sulfonyl hydrazides/N-hydroxy sulfonamides in the presence of rose bengal as a photocatalyst and dioxygen as an oxidant is described.
Recent progress in photoinduced direct desulfurization of thiols
Authors: Ma Yuhong , Deng Jinfei , Gu Jianyu , Jiang Dengbo , Lv Kaizhuo , Ye Xiushen , Yao Qiuli
Published: September 2023

Light-driven desulfurization and coupling reactions of mercaptans in the modification of glycosides, proteins, polymers, and deuterated compounds are reviewed.
Combating drug-resistant bacteria with sulfonium cationic poly(methionine)
Authors: Zhu Lizhong , Li Jie , Huan Weiwei
Published: September 2023

The sulfonium poly-methionine displays antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and excellent biocompatibility with mammalian cell, indicating the huge potential in addressing the challenge of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
Splay and polar order in a system of hard pear-like molecules: confrontation of Monte Carlo numerical simulations with density functional theory calculations
Authors: Kubala Piotr , Cieśla Michał
Published: September 2023

We performed Monte Carlo simulations of wedge-shaped particles to confront DFT results predicting long-range splay and polar order.
Bifunctional electrocatalysts Pr0.5Sr0.5Cr0.1Fe0.9−xNixO3−δ (x = 0.1, 0.2) for the HOR and ORR of a symmetric solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Yan Jing , Chen Huili , Li Ya Wei , Li Si-Dian , Shao Zongping
Published: September 2023

Pr0.5Sr0.5Cr0.1Fe0.9−xNixO3−δ (PSCFNx, x = 0.1, 0.2) catalysts are prepared and utilized as electrodes in symmetric solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Blast Overpressures as a Military and Occupational Health Concern
Authors: Cacace Anthony T. , Berri Batoul
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

This tutorial reviews effects of environmental stressors like blast overpressures and other well-known acoustic contaminants (continuous, intermittent, and impulsive noise) on hearing, tinnitus, vestibular, and balance-related functions. Based on the overall outcome of these effects, detailed consideration is given to the health and well-being of individuals.

Method:

Because hearing loss and tinnitus are consequential in affecting quality of life, novel neuromodulation paradigms are reviewed for their positive abatement and treatment-related effects. Examples of clinical data, research strategies, and methodological approaches focus on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (
r
TMS) and electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve paired with tones (VNS
t
) for their unique contributions to this area.

Results:

Acoustic toxicants transmitted through the atmosphere are noteworthy for their propensity to induce hearing loss and tinnitus. Mounting evidence also indicates that high-level rapid onset changes in atmospheric sound pressure can significantly impact vestibular and balance function. Indeed, the risk of falling secondary to loss of, or damage to, sensory receptor cells in otolith organs (utricle and saccule) is a primary reason for this concern. As part of the complexities involved in VNS
t
treatment strategies, vocal dysfunction may also manifest. In addition, evaluation of temporospatial gait parameters is worthy of consideration based on their ability to detect and monitor incipient neurological disease, cognitive decline, and mortality.

Conclusion:

Highlighting these respective areas underscores the need to enhance information exchange among scientists, clinicians, and caregivers on the benefits and complications of these outcomes.
Millimeter emission in photoevaporating disks is determined by early substructures
Authors: Gárate Matías , Birnstiel Til , Pinilla Paola , Andrews Sean M. , Franz Raphael , Stammler Sebastian Markus , Picogna Giovanni , Ercolano Barbara , Miotello Anna , Kurtovic Nicolás T.
Published: September 2023

Context. Photoevaporation and dust-trapping are individually considered to be important mechanisms in the evolution and morphology of protoplanetary disks. However, it is not yet clear what kind of observational features are expected when both processes operate simultaneously.

Aims. We studied how the presence (or absence) of early substructures, such as the gaps caused by planets, affects the evolution of the dust distribution and flux in the millimeter continuum of disks that are undergoing photoevaporative dispersal. We also tested if the predicted properties resemble those observed in the population of transition disks.

Methods. We used the numerical code Dustpy to simulate disk evolution considering gas accretion, dust growth, dust-trapping at substructures, and mass loss due to X-ray and EUV (XEUV) photoevaporation and dust entrainment. Then, we compared how the dust mass and millimeter flux evolve for different disk models.

Results. We find that, during photoevaporative dispersal, disks with primordial substructures retain more dust and are brighter in the millimeter continuum than disks without early substructures, regardless of the photoevaporative cavity size. Once the photoevaporative cavity opens, the estimated fluxes for the disk models that are initially structured are comparable to those found in the bright transition disk population (Fmm > 30 mJy), while the disk models that are initially smooth have fluxes comparable to the transition disks from the faint population (Fmm < 30 mJy), suggesting a link between each model and population.

Conclusions. Our models indicate that the efficiency of the dust trapping determines the millimeter flux of the disk, while the gas loss due to photoevaporation controls the formation and expansion of a cavity, decoupling the mechanisms responsible for each feature. In consequence, even a planet with a mass comparable to Saturn could trap enough dust to reproduce the millimeter emission of a bright transition disk, while its cavity size is independently driven by photoevaporative dispersal.
Possible origin of AT2021any: A failed gamma-ray burst from a structured jet
Authors: Xu Fan , Huang Yong-Feng , Geng Jin-Jun
Published: September 2023

Afterglows not associated with any gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are called orphan afterglows. The detection of such afterglows is an important goal in many sky survey programs. Recently, a promising orphan afterglow candidate, AT2021any, was found by the Zwicky Transient Facility. In this work, we performed multi-wavelength fittings of AT2021any with two different outflow models, namely, the top-hat jet model and the structured Gaussian jet model. Although both models can fit the observed light curves well, we found that the structured Gaussian jet model presents a better result and is thus preferred by observations. In this framework, the best-fit Lorentz factor is about 68, which indicates that AT2021any should be a failed GRB. The half-opening angle of the jet and the viewing angle were found to be 0.1 and 0.02, respectively, which means that the jet is essentially observed on-axis. We inferred the trigger time of the GRB to be about 1000 s before the first detection of the orphan afterglow, and we derived an upper limit of 21.5% for the radiative efficiency, which is typical for GRBs.
Wavelet determination of magnetohydrodynamic-range power spectral exponents in solar wind turbulence seen by Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Wang X. , Chapman S. C. , Dendy R. O. , Hnat B.
Published: September 2023

Context. The high Reynolds number solar wind flow provides a natural laboratory for the study of turbulence in situ. Parker Solar Probe samples the solar wind between 0.17 AU and 1 AU, providing an opportunity to study how turbulence evolves in the expanding solar wind.

Aims. We aim to obtain estimates of the scaling exponents and scale breaks of the power spectra of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence at sufficient precision to discriminate between Kolmogorov and Iroshnikov-Kraichnan (IK) turbulence, both within each spectrum and across multiple samples at different distances from the Sun and at different plasma β.

Methods. We identified multiple long-duration intervals of uniform solar wind turbulence, sampled by PSP/FIELDS and selected to exclude coherent structures, such as pressure pulses and current sheets, and in which the primary proton population velocity varies by less than 20% of its mean value. The local value of the plasma β for these datasets spans the range 0.14 < β < 4. All selected events span spectral scales from the approximately ‘1/f’ range at low frequencies, through the MHD inertial range (IR) of turbulence, and into the kinetic range, below the ion gyrofrequency. We estimated the power spectral density (PSD) using a discrete Haar wavelet decomposition, which provides accurate estimates of the IR exponents.

Results. Within 0.3 AU of the Sun, the IR exhibits two distinct ranges of scaling. The inner, high-frequency range has an exponent consistent with that of IK turbulence within uncertainties. The outer, low-frequency range is shallower, with exponents in the range from –1.44 to –1.23. Between 0.3 and 0.5 AU, the IR exponents are closer to, but steeper than, that of IK turbulence and do not coincide with the value –3/2 within uncertainties. At distances beyond 0.5 AU from the Sun, the exponents are close to, but mostly steeper than, that of Kolmogorov turbulence, –5/3: uncertainties inherent in the observed exponents exclude the value –5/3. Between these groups of spectra we find examples, at 0.26 AU and 0.61 AU, of two distinct ranges of scaling within the IR with an inner, high-frequency range with exponents ∼ − 1.4, and a low-frequency range with exponents close to the Kolmogorov value of –5/3.

Conclusions. Since the PSD-estimated scaling exponents are a central predictor in turbulence theories, these results provide new insights into our understanding of the evolution of turbulence in the solar wind.
A persistent excess of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing observed in galaxy clusters
Authors: Meneghetti Massimo , Cui Weiguang , Rasia Elena , Yepes Gustavo , Acebron Ana , Angora Giuseppe , Bergamini Pietro , Borgani Stefano , Calura Francesco , Despali Giulia , Giocoli Carlo , Granata Giovanni , Grillo Claudio , Knebe Alexander , Macciò Andrea V. , Mercurio Amata , Moscardini Lauro , Natarajan Priyamvada , Ragagnin Antonio , Rosati Piero , Vanzella Eros
Published: September 2023

Context. Previous studies have revealed that the estimated probability of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing in observed galaxy clusters exceeds the expectations from the Λ cold dark matter cosmological model by one order of magnitude.

Aims. We aim to understand the origin of this excess by analyzing a larger set of simulated galaxy clusters, and investigating how the theoretical expectations vary under different adopted prescriptions and numerical implementations of star formation and feedback in simulations.

Methods. We performed a ray-tracing analysis of 324 galaxy clusters from the THREE HUNDRED project, comparing the GADGET-X and GIZMO-SIMBA runs. These simulations, which start from the same initial conditions, were performed with different implementations of hydrodynamics and galaxy formation models tailored to match different observational properties of the intracluster medium and cluster galaxies.

Results. We find that galaxies in the GIZMO-SIMBA simulations develop denser stellar cores than their GADGET-X counterparts. Consequently, their probability for galaxy-galaxy strong lensing is higher by a factor of ∼3. This increment is still insufficient to fill the gap with observations as a discrepancy by a factor ∼4 still persists. In addition, we find that several simulated galaxies have Einstein radii that are too large compared to observations.

Conclusions. We conclude that a persistent excess of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing exists in observed galaxy clusters. The origin of this discrepancy with theoretical predictions is still unexplained in the framework of the cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. This might signal a hitherto unknown issue with either the simulation methods or our assumptions regarding the standard cosmological model.
Raman spectroscopy of silicon, doped with platinum and irradiated by protons
Authors: Utamuradova Sh.B. , Daliev Sh.Kh , Stanchik A.V. , Rakhmanov D.A.
Published: September 2023

In this work, the influence of proton irradiation and platinum impurities on the crystal structure of silicon samples was studied by Raman spectroscopy. It has been established that the doping of single crystals of Si with platinum leads to minor changes and the appearance of new vibrations in the Raman spectra. The intensity of the main silicon peak at 521 cm–1 decreases by a factor of 1.6, while its FWHM practically does not change and is about 4.0 cm–1. Such a decrease in the intensity of the peak is probably due to the weakening and breaking of bonds in the structure of the silicon crystal lattice due to the diffusion of Pt. It is shown that the appearance of new vibrations in the range 60–280 cm–1 in the spectra of Si is associated with the presence of elemental Pt and the formation of PtSi. It has been found that irradiation of Si samples with 600 keV protons leads to a change in the Raman spectra, and the peaks from Pt and/or PtSi disappear.
The effect of temperature on the decomposition process of propane-butane mixture at high temperatures
Authors: Safarova Mavjuda , Fayzullaev Normurot
Published: September 2023

In the work, the composition of the starting materials and reaction products was checked by the chromatographic method. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of temperature on the decomposition process of the propane-butane mixture at high temperatures.
Qualitative analysis was carried out by the method of "witnesses", and quantitative analysis was carried out by the method of internal normalization. Spatial composition analysis was performed on a DRON- 4.0 (CuKa - radiation) diffractometer, particle size scanning electron microscopy ((JSM-6380 LV) Scanning Electron (Micscope) and emission electron microscopy (EMV-100BR)). The relative surface area was determined by the BET method. The total pore volume was calculated from the amount of nitrogen adsorbed at peak saturation. Pore size distribution was determined by the BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halendr) method.
The effect of temperature and exposure time on the decomposition of the propane-butane mixture at high temperatures was carried out under the following optimal conditions: the study of the effect of temperature on the yield of products was carried out with an exposure time of 0.12 seconds and a water vapour: reagent ratio of 0.4:1 and a temperature range of 700- 900 ℃. The influence of various technological parameters on the process of decomposition of the propane-butane mixture under the influence of temperature in an airless place at high temperature was studied. The increase in temperature and the decrease in the time of the initial substance (reagent) in the reaction zone allows for increasing the output of ethylene from the propane-butane mixture, in which the optimum temperature for the production of lower molecular unsaturated hydrocarbons, i.e. ethylene, propylene and butylene, is 850 ℃. The catalyst created for the decomposition of a propane-butane mixture containing 5%CrF3*CoF2*5%NiF2*2%ZrO2*8%Na2SO4 at high temperatures has been shown to exhibit high activity and selectivity in the catalytic decomposition of propane-butane mixtures.
Accumalations of impurity Ni atoms and their effect on the electrophysical properties of Si
Authors: Turgunov N.A. , Berkinov E.Kh. , Turmanova R.M.
Published: September 2023

In this work, the electrophysical parameters of silicon doped with nickel by the diffusion method, are studied as well as the morphological parameters of micro- and nanoinclusions of nickel atoms formed in silicon.
At the same time, the diffusion of nickel into silicon was carried out in a SUOL-4M furnace at a temperature of T=1573 K for t=2 hours. The results of studies of the temperature dependence of the concentration, mobility and resistivity of n-Siz samples, obtained using the Hall effect method using the Ecopia HMS-7000 setup, are presented. The morphological parameters of impurity atom clusters in n-Si samples were also studied and their images were obtained using a JSM-IT200 scanning electron microscope.
Investigation of thermally stimulated conductivity of cobalt silicide
Authors: Isaev M. Sh. , Bozarov I.T. , Tursunov A.I.
Published: September 2023

Mono- and disilicide of cobalt were obtained in the near-surface region of diffusion-doped silicon by cobalt atoms. The thermally stimulated conductivity (TSC) of cobalt disilicide was investigated. The energy of the adhesion levels of 0.32 eV was determined for the structures of cobalt disilicide – doped silicon - cobalt disilicide. The influence of the illumination intensity on the TSC curves is investigated and it is shown that the illumination intensity does not affect the shape of the curve and weakly affects the magnitude of the maximum of the current peak.
DessGo: Website-Base Transaction Application for Indonesia Dessert
Authors: Maria Sarah , Kelvin  , Sanjaya Hansen Gregorius William , Yanfi Yanfi
Published: September 2023

People around the world want to be able to shop for the fastest, easiest, and cheapest way to buy things. Because of this phenomenon, the traditional merchant has become an unfriendly alternative for some of the population for various purchases. E-Commerce can be a strategy that has a role to help merchants carry out sales activities more quickly and efficiently and make it easier for the merchant to introduce their products. The method used was Rapid Application Development (RAD), System Usability Scale (SUS), and User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). The questionnaires were distributed to users through Google form media. The SUS test results showed that 78% of the DessGo application system met the usability standards well. The UEQ test results included the values of Attractiveness (1.98), Perspicuity (2.05), Efficiency (1.98), Dependability (1.86), and Stimulation (1.86) so that it is included in the Excellent category, but Novelty (1.18) has the smallest value it requires more innovative and creative updates such as adding elements of gamification to apply to the application. As many as 50 respondents participated in the application testing. The application was deemed simple to use, understandable, and clear by respondents.
Minimizing Work Risks in Indonesia: A Case Study Analysis of Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control Implementation
Authors: Priyanka Veena , Basaria Fransisca Tiur
Published: September 2023

Workplace safety must be a primary priority in order to prevent work-related accidents that might result in disability or death. Promoting workplace safety is a crucial component of labor protection since it can lead to improved employee relations and management. Construction and industrial industries, which rely on heavy machinery or outside labor, are especially vulnerable to safety and health concerns that can lead to accidents. This case study and literature review investigates the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) theory as a systematic method for promoting workplace safety. HIRARC seeks to identify potential hazards within an organization and control associated risks in order to prevent accidents. The study reveals numerous factors that contribute to occupational accidents and the potential harm they can inflict. The study specifically addresses worker attitudes toward the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and high-temperature production environments as accident risk factors. The study recommends that organizations prioritize instilling work discipline in their employees, with an emphasis on the correct use of PPE to prevent accidents and promote workplace safety.
The Effect of E-System Modernization, Self Efficacy and Digital Literacy Capabilities on Taxpayer Compliance
Authors: Meiryani  , Alkhanifani Diva , Ramadhanti Vihani
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine and examine the factors that influence taxpayer compliance. The research was conducted on Individual Taxpayers of the Kalideres Primary Tax Service Office. In this study using quantitative methods and primary data collection by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents, using multiple linear regression tests with SPSS version 23. The results of this study are the e-system represented by e-registration has a significant effect on taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, e-filling has no effect on taxpayer compliance. While self efficacy affects taxpayer compliance and digital literacy capabilities have no effect on taxpayer compliance.