bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activity in a prefrontal-periaqueductal gray circuit overcomes behavioral and endocrine features of the passive coping stress response
Authors: Johnson Shane B. , Lingg Ryan T. , Skog Timothy D. , Hinz Dalton C. , Romig-Martin Sara A. , Viau Victor , Narayanan Nandakumar S. , Radley Jason J.
Published: October 2022

The question of how the brain links behavioral and biological features of defensive responses has remained elusive. The importance of this problem is underscored by the observation that behavioral passivity in stress coping is associated with elevations in glucocorticoid hormones, and each may carry risks for susceptibility to a host of stress-related diseases. Past work implicates the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the top-down regulation of stress-related behaviors; however, it is unknown whether such changes have the capacity to buffer against the longer-lasting biological consequences associated with aversive experiences. Using the shock probe defensive burying test in rats to naturalistically measure behavioral and endocrine features of coping, we observed that the active behavioral component of stress coping is associated with increases in activity along a circuit involving the caudal mPFC and midbrain dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (PAG). Optogenetic manipulations of the caudal mPFC-to-dorsolateral PAG pathway bidirectionally modulated active (escape and defensive burying) behaviors, distinct from a rostral mPFC–ventrolateral PAG circuit that instead limited passive (immobility) behavior. Strikingly, under conditions that biased rats toward a passive coping response set, including exaggerated stress hormonal output and increased immobility, excitation of the caudal mPFC–dorsolateral PAG projection significantly attenuated each of these features. These results lend insight into how the brain coordinates response features to overcome passive coping and may be of importance for understanding how activated neural systems promote stress resilience.
Viral protein engagement of GBF1 induces host cell vulnerability through synthetic lethality
Authors: Navare Arti T. , Mast Fred D. , Olivier Jean Paul , Bertomeu Thierry , Neal Maxwell L. , Carpp Lindsay N. , Kaushansky Alexis , Coulombe-Huntington Jasmin , Tyers Mike , Aitchison John D.
Published: October 2022

Viruses co-opt host proteins to carry out their lifecycle. Repurposed host proteins may thus become functionally compromised; a situation analogous to a loss-of-function mutation. We term such host proteins as viral-induced hypomorphs. Cells bearing cancer driver loss-of-function mutations have successfully been targeted with drugs perturbing proteins encoded by the synthetic lethal (SL) partners of cancer-specific mutations. Similarly, SL interactions of viral-induced hypomorphs can potentially be targeted as host-based antiviral therapeutics. Here, we use GBF1, which supports the infection of many RNA viruses, as a proof-of-concept. GBF1 becomes a hypomorph upon interaction with the poliovirus protein 3A. Screening for SL partners of GBF1 revealed ARF1 as the top hit, disruption of which selectively killed cells that synthesize 3A alone or in the context of a poliovirus replicon. Thus, viral protein interactions can induce hypomorphs that render host cells selectively vulnerable to perturbations that leave uninfected cells otherwise unscathed. Exploiting viral-induced vulnerabilities could lead to broad-spectrum antivirals for many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
Research on Fatigue Life Prediction Model of Combined Sleeve
Authors: Li Shangqing , Zhang Chunguang , Liu Guangheng , Liu Jiahui , Yang Yubing , An Lei
Published: October 2022

For the purpose of solving the problem of fatigue design of sleeve in plunger pump, a model of life prediction of combined sleeve using fatigue damage parameters as driving force is proposed in this paper. The circumferential residual stress after assembling and the circumferential stress after loading are calculated. The new model is used to calculate the life of the combined sleeve based on SWT method, and the correctness and rationality of the model are verified by the finite element method. The results show that the fatigue life of the combined sleeve is much longer than that of the integrated sleeve, and the interference has final effect on the fatigue life of the combined sleeve.
Study on Evolution Law of Pore Structure and Frost Resistance of High-Performance Activated Cement-Based Composites in Severe Cold Area
Authors: Dong Shicheng , Qin Lida
Published: October 2022

In order to explore the frost resistance of high-performance activated cement-based composites(HACC), The freeze-thaw cycle test of HACC with different water-binder ratio and basalt fiber content was carried out, the mass loss rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus and related pore structure parameters of different freeze-thaw cycles were measured, and the influence of different factors on the frost resistance of HACC was studied, and the variation law of pore structure parameters with freeze-thaw cycles was explored. The results show that the mass loss rate of high performance cement-based composites has a small range, the maximum is less than 1% during failure, and the relative dynamic modulus changes significantly, which is the main indicator to evaluate the freeze-thaw failure of HACC; The frost resistance of HACC decreased gradually with the increase of the water-binder ratio, and showed a change rule of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of basalt fiber content; HACC have good frost resistance when the air content is 3% ~ 4%. The bubble chord length is directly related to the freeze-thaw deterioration characteristics of HACC, and the bubble chord length reflects the frost resistance of HACC to some extent.
Investigations on Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) array integrated printed conformal band pass filters for modern wireless communication applications
Authors: Vineetha K V , Rakesh Kumar P , Narendra Babu A , Brahmaiah Naik J , Madhav B T P , Das Sudipta
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the performance analysis of two
different conformal band pass filters (BPFs) loaded with an array of
circular complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). Type-1
bandpass filter has been designed by integrating a 9 × 9
array of circular complementary split ring resonator on the bottom
layer of the filter. Similarly, Type-2 bandpass filter has been
constructed by loading an array of 5 × 5 split ring resonator
on the patch layer of the filter. A comparative study between Type-1
and Type-2 bandpass filters are also evaluated that shows dual pass
bands for Type-1 filter and triple pass bands for the Type-2
bandpass filter. Furthermore, the conformality of both bandpass
filters are judged through bending deformation analysis with various
bending positions at 15°, 30°, 45°,
60° and 90°. During the bending performance
analysis, the suggested BPFs retains the dual and triple pass band
characteristics without any major deviations in its characteristic's
parameters. Various performance parameters like return loss,
insertion loss, group delay, bandwidth, and quality factor are
measured. Detailed analysis of E and H field distributions and
surface current distributions are also presented. The Type-2
bandpass filter shows better performance in terms of filter
properties compared to Type-1 band pass filter. Hence, the prototype
of Type-2 filter with an area of 30 × 30 mm2 is
fabricated and measured. The validated results are agreed with the
simulated results which confirms the applicability of the proposed
filter for several modern wireless communication applications such
as Wi-Max and personal communication systems (PCS) applications.
Impact of Urban Regeneration on the Housing Prices: Wangsa Maju – Maluri
Authors: Aqilah Asmeer Nor , Abidin Nurzafira Zainul
Published: October 2022

Urban regeneration is a planning tool used by the urban planner to improve the environment through generating positive externalities and minimizing negative externalities. In addition, an improved environment can provide benefits on the nearby residential property value via value appreciation that will affect the property price in the long run. Hence in this paper, the impact of urban regeneration on the housing prices in Maluri is empirically investigated. By using the quantitative method, the paper aims to determine the housing attributes that influence the housing prices in Maluri and to investigate the impact of urban regeneration on the housing prices in the selected case study area. A total of 1,376 housing sales transaction data were analyzed via SPSS and Microsoft Excel. For the hedonic pricing model, the results reveal that the number of bedroom attribute has the most influenced on the housing prices in Maluri. The floor level attribute, built-up area attribute and land area attribute are revealed to have a positive influence in affecting housing prices in Maluri. For examining the location-time interaction between the case study area and the different stages of urban regeneration, namely before regeneration, during regeneration and after regeneration; a price gradient analysis is adopted. The findings conclude that there were significant increases recorded in Maluri housing prices between before the regeneration stage and after the regeneration stage although the price difference is varied across zones. This proves that due to the impact of urban regeneration, the housing prices in the case study area boost ahead of the project completion.
The effect of physicochemical properties of bottom sediments on nitrogen and phosphorus sorption
Authors: Junakova N , Junak J , Balintova M
Published: October 2022

River and reservoir bottom sediments are characterized by their physical and chemical properties, which affect the quality of water and deposited sediments in reservoirs. The grain composition of sediments is their fundamental property that determines the detachment, transport and sedimentation of sediments. In addition to understanding the dynamics of transport and distribution of particles in the watershed, the granularity is closely related to the mineral and chemical composition of the sediment and plays an important role in terms of its ability to bind contaminants. Other important property of sediment includes the specific surface area, which determines the nature of sediment surface reactions and influences ecosystem level, biological processes.

This study investigates sediment properties, including physical properties such as grain-size distribution, specific surface area, organic matter and chemical composition, and their reflections on nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption by the sediments deposited in the small water reservoir. The results clearly indicate the dependence of the content of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in reservoir sediments on their grain size and specific surface area.
Local loading of sandwich panels - assessment according to standards and experimental verification
Authors: Magura M , Brodniansky J
Published: October 2022

The aim of the presented paper is to show possible approaches to the design and verification of the connection of elements to sandwich panels. Rivets or rivet nuts were used. Eurocodes STN EN 1991-1 and 1993-1-8 were used for numerical design. To verify the accuracy of numerical outputs, the samples were verified by a laboratory experiment, and the results were compared.
Predicting the potential human lncRNA–miRNA interactions based on graph convolution network with conditional random field
Authors: Wang Wenya , Zhang Li , Sun Jianqiang , Zhao Qi , Shuai Jianwei
Published: October 2022

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) are two typical types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), their interaction plays an important regulatory role in many biological processes. Exploring the interactions between unknown lncRNA and miRNA can help us better understand the functional expression between lncRNA and miRNA. At present, the interactions between lncRNA and miRNA are mainly obtained through biological experiments, but such experiments are often time-consuming and labor-intensive, it is necessary to design a computational method that can predict the interactions between lncRNA and miRNA. In this paper, we propose a method based on graph convolutional neural (GCN) network and conditional random field (CRF) for predicting human lncRNA–miRNA interactions, named GCNCRF. First, we construct a heterogeneous network using the known interactions of lncRNA and miRNA in the LncRNASNP2 database, the lncRNA/miRNA integration similarity network, and the lncRNA/miRNA feature matrix. Second, the initial embedding of nodes is obtained using a GCN network. A CRF set in the GCN hidden layer can update the obtained preliminary embeddings so that similar nodes have similar embeddings. At the same time, an attention mechanism is added to the CRF layer to reassign weights to nodes to better grasp the feature information of important nodes and ignore some nodes with less influence. Finally, the final embedding is decoded and scored through the decoding layer. Through a 5-fold cross-validation experiment, GCNCRF has an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.947 on the main dataset, which has higher prediction accuracy than the other six state-of-the-art methods.
Common data model for COVID-19 datasets
Authors: Wegner Philipp , Jose Geena Mariya , Lage-Rupprecht Vanessa , Golriz Khatami Sepehr , Zhang Bide , Springstubbe Stephan , Jacobs Marc , Linden Thomas , Ku Cindy , Schultz Bruce , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Kodamullil Alpha Tom ,   for the COPERIMOplus Consortium
Published: October 2022

Motivation

A global medical crisis like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires interdisciplinary and highly collaborative research from all over the world. One of the key challenges for collaborative research is a lack of interoperability among various heterogeneous data sources. Interoperability, standardization and mapping of datasets are necessary for data analysis and applications in advanced algorithms such as developing personalized risk prediction modeling.

Results

To ensure the interoperability and compatibility among COVID-19 datasets, we present here a common data model (CDM) which has been built from 11 different COVID-19 datasets from various geographical locations. The current version of the CDM holds 4639 data variables related to COVID-19 such as basic patient information (age, biological sex and diagnosis) as well as disease-specific data variables, for example, Anosmia and Dyspnea. Each of the data variables in the data model is associated with specific data types, variable mappings, value ranges, data units and data encodings that could be used for standardizing any dataset. Moreover, the compatibility with established data standards like OMOP and FHIR makes the CDM a well-designed CDM for COVID-19 data interoperability.

Availability and implementation

The CDM is available in a public repo here: https://github.com/Fraunhofer-SCAI-Applied-Semantics/COVID-19-Global-Model.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ground Validation Reveals Limited Applicability of Species Distribution Models for Dakota Skipper (Hesperia dacotae, Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) Recovery Efforts in Canada
Authors: Dearborn Katherine D , Murray Colin , Westwood Richard
Published: October 2022

Species distribution models (SDMs) use spatial relationships between species occurrence and habitat (predictor) variables to generate maps of habitat suitability across a region of interest. These maps are frequently used in recovery planning efforts for endangered species, but they are influenced by data availability, selection of predictor variables, and choice of model type. Ground validation is necessary to robustly evaluate map accuracy, but it is rarely done, making it difficult to determine which modeling approach is best-suited for a given species or region. To address this uncertainty, we used two SDM types (Maxent and GLM) and two methods of selecting predictor variables to build four SDMs for an endangered prairie butterfly (Dakota skipper, Hesperia dacotae) in two regions of Manitoba, Canada. We then conducted field-based habitat suitability assessments at 120 locations in each region to enable direct comparisons of model output and accuracy. We found that soil type and surrounding landcover (grassland versus cropland) were important predictors of species occurrence regardless of region, predictor selection method, or model type. Cross-validation statistics indicated that most SDMs performed well (AUC > 0.7), but ground validation revealed that the habitat suitability maps they generated were inaccurate (Cohen’s kappa < 0.4). Maxent models produced more accurate maps than GLMs, likely because false species absences adversely affected the latter, but only one Maxent-based map was accurate enough to help locate sites for future field investigations (Cohen’s kappa > 0.3). Our results emphasize the importance of ground-validating SDM-based habitat suitability maps before incorporating them into species recovery plans.
The impact of informal caregivers’ preparedness on short-term outcomes of heart failure patients with insufficient self-care
Authors: Cheng Ming , Zhu Chenya , Ge Yingying , Ke Yufei , Shi Yixing , Su Yue , Ma Tianyu , Chi Meixuan , Wang Naijuan , Lu Bingqing , Hou Yunying
Published: October 2022

Aims

Even though self-care is essential in the long-term management of heart failure (HF), it is often not performed adequately in HF populations. Mobilizing informal caregivers may be one way to help patients perform self-care, support individual needs, and maintain health. However, informal caregivers often face insufficient preparation for providing long-term care. This insufficient caregiver preparedness may lead to a decline in caregiver contributions and affect the outcomes of care in patients with HF. This study aimed to explore whether informal caregivers’ preparedness is a predictor that influences short-term outcomes of HF patients; to analyse whether caregiver contribution to self-care of HF (CC-SCHF) plays a mediating role between informal caregivers’ preparedness and HF short-term outcomes.

Methods and results

A prospective observational study was conducted in China. After controlling for covariates, higher levels of informal caregivers’ preparedness were significantly associated with lower 3-month mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.919, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.855–0.988), P = 0.022] and 3-month readmission rate [OR = 0.883, 95% CI = (0.811–0.961), P = 0.004] and shorter length of hospital stay (β = −0.071, P < 0.001). The informal caregiver’s preparedness was positively associated with CC-SCHF maintenance (r = 0.708, P < 0.01), CC-SCHF management (r = 0.431, P < 0.01), and CC-SCHF confidence (r = 0.671, P < 0.01). The CC-SCHF management was a mediator in the relationship between informal caregivers’ preparedness and 3-month readmission rate [effect 95% CI = (−0.054 to −0.001)] and length of hospital stay [effect 95% CI = (−0.235 to −0.042)].

Conclusion

A higher level of informal caregivers’ preparedness is associated with better short-term outcomes of HF patients with insufficient self-care.
Catheter ablation improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Simader Florentina A , Howard James P , Ahmad Yousif , Saleh Keenan , Naraen Akriti , Samways Jack W , Mohal Jagdeep , Reddy Rohin K , Kaza Nandita , Keene Daniel , Shun-Shin Matthew J , Francis Darrel P , Whinnett Zachary I , Arnold Ahran D
Published: October 2022

Aims

The effect of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation on cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure is an important outstanding research question. We undertook a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing ablation to medical therapy in patients with AF and heart failure.

Methods and results

We systematically identified all trials comparing catheter ablation to medical therapy in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The pre-specified primary endpoint was all-cause mortality in trials with at least 2 years of follow-up. The secondary endpoint was heart failure hospitalization. Sensitivity analyses were performed for trials with any follow-up and trials deemed at low risk of bias. Eight trials (1390 patients) were included. Seven hundred and seven patients were randomized to catheter ablation and 683 to medical therapy. In the primary analysis (three trials, n = 977), catheter ablation reduced mortality compared with medical therapy [relative risk (RR): 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44 to 0.84, P = 0.003]. Catheter ablation also reduced heart failure hospitalizations compared with medical therapy (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49–0.74, P < 0.001). The effect on stroke was not statistically significant (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.28–1.37, P = 0.237). There was low heterogeneity between studies. Sensitivity analyses were consistent with the primary analyses.

Conclusion

In patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure, catheter ablation reduces mortality and the occurrence of heart failure hospitalizations.
AGO1 and HSP90 buffer different genetic variants in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lemus Tzitziki , Mason Grace Alex , Bubb Kerry L , Alexandre Cristina M , Queitsch Christine , Cuperus Josh T
Published: October 2022

Argonaute 1 (AGO1), the principal protein component of microRNA-mediated regulation, plays a key role in plant growth and development. AGO1 physically interacts with the chaperone HSP90, which buffers cryptic genetic variation in plants and animals. We sought to determine whether genetic perturbation of AGO1 in Arabidopsis thaliana would also reveal cryptic genetic variation, and if so, whether AGO1-dependent loci overlap with those dependent on HSP90. To address these questions, we introgressed a hypomorphic mutant allele of AGO1 into a set of mapping lines derived from the commonly used Arabidopsis strains Col-0 and Ler. Although we identified several cases in which AGO1 buffered genetic variation, none of the AGO1-dependent loci overlapped with those buffered by HSP90 for the traits assayed. We focused on 1 buffered locus where AGO1 perturbation uncoupled the traits days to flowering and rosette leaf number, which are otherwise closely correlated. Using a bulk segregant approach, we identified a nonfunctional Ler hua2 mutant allele as the causal AGO1-buffered polymorphism. Introduction of a nonfunctional hua2 allele into a Col-0 ago1 mutant background recapitulated the Ler-dependent ago1 phenotype, implying that coupling of these traits involves different molecular players in these closely related strains. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that even though AGO1 and HSP90 buffer genetic variation in the same traits, these robustness regulators interact epistatically with different genetic loci, suggesting that higher-order epistasis is uncommon.

Plain Language Summary

Argonaute 1 (AGO1), a key player in plant development, interacts with the chaperone HSP90, which buffers environmental and genetic variation. We found that AGO1 buffers environmental and genetic variation in the same traits; however, AGO1-dependent and HSP90-dependent loci do not overlap. Detailed analysis of a buffered locus found that a nonfunctional HUA2 allele decouples days to flowering and rosette leaf number in an AGO1-dependent manner, suggesting that the AGO1-dependent buffering acts at the network level.
Unsettling the fluidity of practice and dealing with threat: the experiences of paediatric pharmacists in response to the admission of adult COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care in a paediatric tertiary hospital
Authors: Carter Bernie
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the lives of pharmacists, resulting in new ways of working. Little literature focuses on the experiences and well-being of hospital pharmacists, particularly on paediatric pharmacists. The setting – a paediatric stand-alone tertiary hospital – opened to adult ICU COVID-19 patients for two time periods. Paediatric pharmacists had to shift their roles; this impacted their well-being. Paediatric ICU clinical psychologists provided support using a compassion-focused therapy (CFT) model to guide thinking, reflection and promoting behaviour change. This study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of the paediatric pharmacists working in a paediatric stand-alone tertiary hospital before, during and after the admission of adult COVID-19 patients into ICU and their experiences of support offered by clinical psychologists.

Methods

A qualitative interpretative design using remote photo-elicitation interviews was adopted. Data analysis was undertaken using the six stages of reflexive thematic analysis.

Key findings

Five paediatric pharmacists participated; four deployed to work in the A-ICU (from PICU) and one deployed to work in the PICU (from ward-based work). An overarching theme, ‘Unsettling the fluidity of practice and dealing with threat’, is supported by four key themes ‘Context and preparation’, ‘Dread and challenges’, ‘Keeping it together’ and ‘Lessons learned’. The fluidity of the pharmacists’ practice was unsettled as they dealt with the threats and sought resources (drive) to enable optimal care delivery. Soothe techniques helped compensate for threats, and promote resilience and well-being.

Conclusion

The CFT model has been useful in the longer term with the adoption of a more open, compassionate approach to their work and colleagues.
A Chinese Precursor to the Digital Sovereignty Debate: Digital Anti-Colonialism and Authoritarianism from the Post–Cold War Era to the Tunis Agenda
Authors: Cong Wanshu , Thumfart Johannes
Published: October 2022

Governments all over the world are constructing discourses of digital sovereignty. However, the history of this concept is understudied. This paper delves into the Chinese academic publications from 1994 to 2005, where concepts such as “network/cyber sovereignty” (网络主权) and “information sovereignty” (信息主权) began to emerge. The period is marked by the introduction of the internet in China in 1994 and the 2005 Tunis Agenda, a pivotal moment in the internationalization of demands for sovereignty over the internet. By reconstructing the post–Cold War geopolitical, economic, cultural, ideological, and regulatory context of the examined publications, we highlight the academic discourse as forming part of a sociotechnical imaginary of digital sovereignty, which is characterized by a peculiar mixture of the explicit critique of “cyber colonialism” (网络殖民主义), authoritarian positions, and the embrace of digitalization and its possibilities.
Environmental impacts of eco-nutrition swine feeding programs in spatially explicit geographic regions of the United States
Authors: Shurson Gerald C , Pelton Rylie E O , Yang Zhaohui , Urriola Pedro E , Schmitt Jennifer
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to determine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water consumption, land use, as well as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) balance of five diet formulation strategies and feeding programs for growing-finishing pigs (25–130 kg body weight) in the three spatially explicit geographic regions where the majority of U.S. pork production occurs. Feeding programs evaluated consisted of 1) standard corn-soybean meal (CSBM) diets, 2) CSBM containing 15% corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 3) CSBM with 8.6% thermally processed supermarket food waste (FW), 4) low crude protein CSBM diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids (SAA), and 5) CSBM with phytase enzyme (PHY) added at 600 FTU (phytase units)/kg of diet. An attributional Life Cycle Assessment approach using a highly specialized, spatially explicit Food System Supply-Chain Sustainability (FoodS3) model was used to quantify GHG emissions, water consumption, and land use of corn, soybean meal, and DDGS based on county level sourcing. The DDGS, FW, and SAA feeding programs had less estimated N and P intake and excretion than CSBM, and the PHY feeding program provided the greatest reduction in P excretion. The FW feeding program had the least overall GHG emissions (319.9 vs. 324.6 to 354.1 kg CO2 equiv./market hog), land use (331.5 vs. 346.5 to 385.2 m2/market hog), and water consumption (7.64 vs. 7.70 to 8.30 m3/market hog) among the alternatives. The DDGS feeding program had the greatest GHG emissions (354.1 kg CO2 equiv./market hog) among all programs but had less impacts on water consumption (7.70 m3) and land use (346.5 m2) per market hog than CSBM and PHY. The SAA feeding program provided a 6.5–7.4% reduction in land use impacts compared with CSBM and PHY, respectively. Regardless of feeding program, the Midwest had the least contributions to GHG emissions and land use attributed to feed and manure among regions. Water consumption per market hog associated with feeding programs was much greater in the Southwest (59.66–63.58 m3) than in the Midwest (4.45–4.88 m3) and Mid-Atlantic (1.85–2.14 m3) regions. Results show that diet composition and U.S. geographic region significantly affect GHG emissions, water consumption, and land use of pork production systems, and the potential use of thermally processed supermarket food waste at relatively low diet inclusion rates (<10%) can reduce environmental impacts compared with other common feeding strategies.
Human Metapneumovirus-Associated Hospitalization in HIV-1 Exposed Uninfected and HIV-1 Uninfected Children Less Than 5 Years in South Africa
Authors: Ramocha Lesego M , Dorfman Jeffrey R , Groome Michelle , Baillie Vicky , Verwey Charl , Laubscher Marius , Nunes Marta C , Madhi Shabir A
Published: October 2022

Using hospital surveillance data, we estimated Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) hospitalization incidence by age and HIV-exposure status. hMPV-associated hospitalization incidence was highest in <1-year children. Incidence rate ratios of HIV-exposed over unexposed children were 1.5 (95%CI 0.9–2.4) for <6-month children, 1.4 (95%CI 0.7–2.4) for 6- to 11-month children and 0.9 (95%CI 0.4–1.9) for 12- to 59-month children.
Factors Associated With COVID-19 Non-vaccination in Adolescents Hospitalized Without COVID-19
Authors: Sahni Leila C , Price Ashley M , Olson Samantha M , Newhams Margaret M , Pannaraj Pia S , Maddux Aline B , Halasa Natasha B , Bline Katherine E , Cameron Melissa A , Schwartz Stephanie P , Walker Tracie C , Irby Katherine , Chiotos Kathleen , Nofziger Ryan A , Mack Elizabeth H , Smallcomb Laura , Bradford Tamara T , Kamidani Satoshi , Tarquinio Keiko M , Cvijanovich Natalie Z , Schuster Jennifer E , Bhumbra Samina S , Levy Emily R , Hobbs Charlotte V , Cullimore Melissa L , Coates Bria M , Heidemann Sabrina M , Gertz Shira J , Kong Michele , Flori Heidi R , Staat Mary A , Zinter Matt S , Hume Janet R , Chatani Brandon M , Gaspers Mary G , Maamari Mia , Randolph Adrienne G , Patel Manish M , Boom Julie A
Published: October 2022

Background

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine received emergency use authorization for persons ≥ 16 years in December 2020 and for adolescents 12–15 years in May 2021. Despite the clear benefits and favorable safety profile, vaccine uptake in adolescents has been suboptimal. We sought to assess factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in adolescents 12–18 years of age.

Methods

Between June 1, 2021 and April 29, 2022, we assessed factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in hospitalized adolescents ages 12–18 years enrolled in the Overcoming COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness network. Demographic characteristics and clinical information were captured through parent interviews and/or electronic medical record abstraction; COVID-19 vaccination was assessed through documented sources. We assessed associations between receipt of the COVID-19 vaccine and demographic and clinical factors using univariate and multivariable logistic regression and estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for each factor associated with non-vaccination.

Results

Among 1665 hospitalized adolescents without COVID-19, 56% were unvaccinated. Unvaccinated adolescents were younger (median age 15.1 years vs. 15.4 years, p < .01) and resided in areas with higher social vulnerability index (SVI) scores (median 0.6 vs 0.5, p < .001) than vaccinated adolescents. Residence in the Midwest [aOR 2.60 (95% CI: 1.80, 3.79)] or South [aOR 2.49 (95% CI: 1.77, 3.54)] US census regions, rarely or never receiving influenza vaccine [aOR 5.31 (95% CI: 3.81, 7.47)], and rarely or never taking precautions against COVID-19 [aOR 3.17 (95% CI: 1.94, 5.31)] were associated with non-vaccination against COVID-19.

Conclusions

Efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccination of adolescents should focus on persons with geographic, socioeconomic, and medical risk factors associated with non-vaccination.
Possible case of polyarteritis nodosa with epididymitis following COVID-19 vaccination: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ohkubo Yusuke , Ohmura Shin-ichiro , Ishihara Ryuhei , Miyamoto Toshiaki
Published: October 2022

The global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 has prompted the rapid spread and development of vaccines to prevent the spread of the disease. COVID-19 vaccine has demonstrated excellent efficacy in reducing morbidity and severity of the disease, and most adverse reactions are very minor. However, some patients have been reported to develop autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, myocarditis, Guillain–Barre syndrome, and vasculitis, following COVID-19 vaccination. Herein, we present a case of polyarteritis nodosa with epididymitis, following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. The patient’s initial symptoms were fever and testicular pain, and magnetic resonance imaging showed epididymitis. He was diagnosed as having polyarteritis nodosa with epididymitis and was treated with high-dose prednisolone, with a good clinical outcome.
Trotabresib (CC-90010) in combination with adjuvant temozolomide or concomitant temozolomide plus radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Authors: Vieito Maria , Simonelli Matteo , de Vos Filip , Moreno Victor , Geurts Marjolein , Lorenzi Elena , Macchini Marina , van den Bent Martin J , Del Conte Gianluca , de Jonge Maja , Martín-Soberón Maria Cruz , Amoroso Barbara , Sanchez-Perez Tania , Zuraek Marlene , Hanna Bishoy , Aronchik Ida , Filvaroff Ellen , Chang Henry , Mendez Cristina , Arias Parro Marina , Wei Xin , Nikolova Zariana , Sepulveda Juan Manuel
Published: October 2022

Background

Standard-of-care treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (ndGBM), consisting of surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ), has improved outcomes compared with RT alone; however, prognosis remains poor. Trotabresib, a novel bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitor, has demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with high-grade gliomas.

Methods

In this phase Ib, dose-escalation study (NCT04324840), we investigated trotabresib 15, 30, and 45 mg combined with TMZ in the adjuvant setting and trotabresib 15 and 30 mg combined with TMZ+RT in the concomitant setting in patients with ndGBM. Primary endpoints were to determine safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose, and/or recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of trotabresib. Secondary endpoints were assessment of preliminary efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics were investigated as an exploratory endpoint.

Results

The adjuvant and concomitant cohorts enrolled 18 and 14 patients, respectively. Trotabresib in combination with TMZ or TMZ+RT was well tolerated; most treatment-related adverse events were mild or moderate. Trotabresib pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in both settings were consistent with previous data for trotabresib monotherapy. The RP2D of trotabresib was selected as 30 mg 4 days on/24 days off in both settings. At last follow-up, 5 (28%) and 6 (43%) patients remain on treatment in the adjuvant and concomitant settings, respectively, with 1 patient in the adjuvant cohort achieving complete response.

Conclusions

Trotabresib combined with TMZ in the adjuvant setting and with TMZ+RT in the concomitant setting was safe and well tolerated in patients with ndGBM, with encouraging treatment durations. Trotabresib 30 mg was established as the RP2D in both settings.
Psychotic Symptom, Mood, and Cognition-associated Multimodal MRI Reveal Shared Links to the Salience Network Within the Psychosis Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Liang Chuang , Pearlson Godfrey , Bustillo Juan , Kochunov Peter , Turner Jessica A , Wen Xuyun , Jiang Rongtao , Fu Zening , Zhang Xiao , Li Kaicheng , Xu Xijia , Zhang Daoqiang , Qi Shile , Calhoun Vince D
Published: October 2022

Schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SAD), and psychotic bipolar disorder share substantial overlap in clinical phenotypes, associated brain abnormalities and risk genes, making reliable diagnosis among the three illness challenging, especially in the absence of distinguishing biomarkers. This investigation aims to identify multimodal brain networks related to psychotic symptom, mood, and cognition through reference-guided fusion to discriminate among SZ, SAD, and BP.

Psychotic symptom, mood, and cognition were used as references to supervise functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion to identify multimodal brain networks for SZ, SAD, and BP individually. These features were then used to assess the ability in discriminating among SZ, SAD, and BP. We observed shared links to functional and structural covariation in prefrontal, medial temporal, anterior cingulate, and insular cortices among SZ, SAD, and BP, although they were linked with different clinical domains. The salience (SAN), default mode (DMN), and fronto-limbic (FLN) networks were the three identified multimodal MRI features within the psychosis spectrum disorders from psychotic symptom, mood, and cognition associations. In addition, using these networks, we can classify patients and controls and distinguish among SZ, SAD, and BP, including their first-degree relatives. The identified multimodal SAN may be informative regarding neural mechanisms of comorbidity for psychosis spectrum disorders, along with DMN and FLN may serve as potential biomarkers in discriminating among SZ, SAD, and BP, which may help investigators better understand the underlying mechanisms of psychotic comorbidity from three different disorders via a multimodal neuroimaging perspective.
Sonography of Renal Transplant-Associated Complications: A Primer
Authors: Chan William , Wang Peter , Meraz Jeanette , Fateri Cameron , Lebby Elliott , Bui Thanh-Lan , Kwan Daniel , Kim Johnny , Houshyar Roozbeh , Helmy Mohammad
Published: October 2022

The advent of renal transplantation has significantly improved the quality of life and mortality of patients with end-stage renal disease. Unfortunately, transplant-associated complications (TACs) are common and pose a significant risk to both the allograft and the patient. A major advancement in the care of transplant recipients is the implementation of renal ultrasound, which allows for a more detailed assessment of the renal allograft and facilitates the distinction of different TAC manifestations such as perinephric fluid collections, vascular disease, and parenchymal disease. A better understanding of the clinical and sonographic features of TACs will help guide TAC management and promote better outcomes for renal transplant recipients.
Clinical Instructors’ Caring Behaviors as Perceived by Nursing Students
Authors: Al-husban Raya Yousef , Shudifat Raed Mohammed , Tarawneh Fatima Salem
Published: October 2022

Caring is considered a vital aspect of nursing. This study explored Jordanian nursing students’ perceptions of their clinical instructors’ caring behaviors. A cross-sectional approach was taken. Data were collected from 212 nursing students using the Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Instructor Caring instrument developed by Wade and Kasper. Nursing students were found to have generally positive responses toward their clinical instructors, perceiving them as caring rather than uncaring. Clinical instructors’ caring behaviors had a positive impact on nursing students’ caring behaviors.
Assessment of Natural Radiation Exposure Due to 222Rn and External Radiation Sources: Case of the Far North, Cameroon
Authors: François Koyang , Richard Awe , Samuel Bineng Guillaume , Ayoba Ndimantchi , Yerima Abba Hamadou , Saïdou  , Hubert Ben-Bolie Germain
Published: October 2022

This paper assesses public exposure to natural radioactivity from radon and external radiation sources in the Far North region, Cameroon, and studies the correlation between radon data obtained using several techniques. The RADTRAK, RadonEye, and Markus 10 detectors were used to measure radon concentrations in dwellings and soil, respectively. To understand radon variations in the study area, a correlation coefficient between radon in soil and in dwellings was determined. The ambient equivalent dose rate was measured using a RadEye PRD-ER, and the effective doses from internal and external radiation were determined. In soil, 20% of the measuring points had a concentration above 50 kBq m−3, the action value for radon exposure from soil according to Swedish Radiation Protection Institute regulations. After 90 d of measurement using RADTRAK, half of the concentrations in the dwellings were greater than or equal to 160 Bq m−3, which is above the WHO reference level of 100 Bq m−3. The ambient equivalent dose rate and the external and internal radiation effective dose were 0.08 μSv h−1, 0.6 mSv y−1, and 2.86 mSv y−1, respectively. These results reveal a strong correlation between the radioactivity level of a locality and its geological and mineralogical structure. Although these different results in general do not present a very high risk of radiological exposure for the public, it is nevertheless necessary that the rules of radiation protection are respected in order to reduce it.
EPR Investigation of Temporal and Thermal Stability of Irradiated Sweeteners
Authors: Abdelrahman Fatma M. , Hayes Robert B.
Published: October 2022

Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study the dosimetric properties of commercial sweeteners (sucrose, saccharin, and stevia). The results concluded that sugar has dosimetric properties of interest, which makes it suitable for dose reconstruction, emergency response, and nuclear forensics applications. The radiation dose response was investigated by irradiating samples up to 10 Gy and found to be linear. The post-irradiation stability of samples was observed to be useful for the intended applications. The results showed that the post-irradiation intensities vary from one sample to another, with the general trend demonstrating a small increase in intensities shortly after irradiation followed by an approximately constant leveling out. Finally, the effect of isochronal annealing was studied by heating samples to various temperatures. The results showed an overall stable behavior of the signal below melting temperature.
The intersection of metabolism and inflammation is governed by the intracellular topology of hexokinases and the metabolic fate of glucose
Authors: Codocedo Juan F. , Landreth Gary E.
Published: October 2022

Hexokinases (HKs) catalyze the first and irreversible step of glucose metabolism. Its product, glucose-6-phosphate (G-6P) serves as a precursor for catabolic processes like glycolysis for adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) production and anabolic pathways including the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) for the generation of intermediaries like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and ribulose-5-P. Thus, the cellular fate of glucose is important not only for growth and maintenance, but also to determine different cellular activities. Studies in immune cells have demonstrated an intimate linkage between metabolic pathways and inflammation, however the precise molecular mechanisms that determine the cellular fate of glucose during inflammation or aging are not completely understood. Here we discuss a study by De Jesus et al that describes the role of HK1 cytosolic localization as a critical regulator of glucose flux by shunting glucose into the PPP at the expense of glycolysis, exacerbating the inflammatory response of macrophages. The authors convincingly demonstrate a novel mechanism that is independent of its mitochondrial functions, but involve the association to a protein complex that inhibits glycolysis at the level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. We expand the discussion by comparing previous studies related to the HK2 isoform and how cells have evolved to regulate the mitochondrial association of these two isoforms by non-redundant mechanism.
Deep learning for myocardial ischemia auxiliary diagnosis using CZT SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Su Ting-Yi , Chen Jui-Jen , Chen Wei-Shiang , Chang Yen-Hsiang , Lu Henry Horng-Shing
Published: October 2022

Background:

The World Health Organization reported that cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. On average, one person dies of heart disease every 26 min worldwide. Deep learning approaches are characterized by the appropriate combination of abnormal features based on numerous annotated images. The constructed convolutional neural network (CNN) model can identify normal states of reversible and irreversible myocardial defects and alert physicians for further diagnosis.

Methods:

Cadmium zinc telluride single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion resting-state images were collected at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and were analyzed with a deep learning convolutional neural network to classify myocardial perfusion images for coronary heart diseases.

Results:

In these grey-scale images, the heart blood flow distribution was the most crucial feature. The deep learning technique of You Only Look Once was used to determine the myocardial defect area and crop the images. After surrounding noise had been eliminated, a three-dimensional CNN model was used to identify patients with coronary heart diseases. The prediction area under the curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity was 90.97, 87.08, 86.49, and 87.41%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our prototype system can considerably reduce the time required for image interpretation and improve the quality of medical care. It can assist clinical experts by offering accurate coronary heart disease diagnosis in practice.
Significance of strictly defined idiopathic tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Lee Jen-Yuan , Li Wen-Yao , Wu Chun-I , Huang Mu-Shiang , Lee Wen-Huang , Liu Yen-Wen , Tsai Wei-Chuan
Published: October 2022

Background:

Moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is known to cause right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Although TR is traditionally classified as primary or secondary, recently, a new class of TR called idiopathic TR has been proposed, with varying definitions among different studies.

Methods:

The data were retrospectively collected for the period of January to June 2018 for 8711 patients from the patient cohort of the National Cheng Kung University Hospital echocardiography laboratory. A total of 670 patients (7.7%) with moderate-to-severe TR were included. Idiopathic TR was diagnosed strictly using a new systematic approach.

Results:

The distribution of significant TR included 74 (11.0%) primary TR cases, 48 (7.2%) with pacemaker-related TR, 267 (39.9%) with left heart disease, 24 (3.6%) with congenital heart disease, 6 (0.9%) with RV myopathy, 105 (15.7%) with pulmonary hypertension, and 146 (21.8%) with idiopathic TR. The mean age in primary and idiopathic TR groups was older (p = 0.004), with lower estimated pulmonary pressure (p < 0.001), higher RV fraction area change (FAC, p < 0.001), and tricuspid annulus systolic velocity (S’, p = 0.004) compared with functional TR group. Multivariate analysis showed that idiopathic TR (p = 0.002) and primary TR (p = 0.008) had better RV FAC than functional TR.

Conclusion:

Idiopathic TR was associated with better RV function than the other secondary TRs. Thus, idiopathic TR should be strictly defined and regarded as a distinct type of TR.