bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indicators for Built-up Area Monitoring – A Case Study of the Czech Republic and the EU
Authors: Dvořák J. , Wittlingerová Z. , Bicanová K. , Skaloš J.
Published: October 2017

The present research is focused on built-up area (BUA) monitoring. The continental landscape is becoming a limited resource in today’s world, much the same as some materials and energy resources. The goal was to design simple indicators that are compatible with environmental indicators used in the analysis of material and energy flows. We have consequently proposed the indicators BUA per person and gross domestic product (GDP) demands for total BUA. We have used these indicators to evaluate the development in the Czech Republic and the situation in the EU-27 countries. The development in the Czech Republic shows a moderately smooth decrease in the BUA per person indicator value. The GDP demands for BUA indicator showed that the cessation of economic growth after 2008 slowed the process of decoupling of GDP from the BUA. Despite the low GDP in the Czech Republic, the indicator GDP demands for BUA attains lower values than for Austria or Belgium.
How is environmental performance associated with economic growth? A world cross-country analysis
Authors: Neagu Olimpia , Ardelean Doru Ioan , Lazăr Vasile
Published: October 2017

The aim of the paper is to explore the association between environmental performance and income level in the world economy in 2016. Data from Yale University and World Bank are used in a cross-country regression analysis comprising 166 countries. The gross Domestic Product per capita (based in purchased power parity, constant 2011 international dollars) in these countries is positively associated with the environmental performance index (EPI) calculated by Yale and Columbia University in 2016. Furthermore, the causality of this relationship is from GDP per capita to Environmental Performance and both Environmental Health (EH) and Ecosystem Vitality (EV) are positively associated with GDP per capita. Environmental Health (EH) is stronger related to GDP per capita, meaning that investments in public health, sanitation and infrastructure are increasing as countries develop.
Stabilization of Clayey Soil with Garlic Skin and Rice Husk Ash for Flexible Pavement Construction
Authors: Jaiswal Mrityunjay , Lal Bindhu
Published: October 2017

Soil stabilization is the method of improving the strength characteristics of in situ soil by compaction or by the addition of admixtures. Clay minerals have small particles and a variable degree of crystal perfection. Therefore, construction on clayey soil is really an arduous job due to low strength and swelling problems. In this paper, an attempt is made to determine the improvement in geotechnical characteristics of locally available clayey soil by adding garlic skin and rice husk ash (RHA) as admixtures. Both are agricultural wastes that pollute the environment. The geotechnical properties considered in this study are optimum moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), California bearing ratio, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Tests are carried out by mixing various amounts of garlic skin and RHA proportionally and the results are analyzed. Microlevel investigations are done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) test, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Test results show that the efficiency of these stabilizing agents depends upon the amount of garlic skin and RHA, type of soil, and field condition. In clayey soil, the addition of 4–6 % garlic skin and 5 % RHA by the weight of soil increased the strength characteristics. SEM, EDS, DTA, and TGA reports also confirm the favorable changes on structure and properties of clay particles with the addition of RHA and garlic skin.
Manufacture of Bonded Granular Soil Using X-Ray CT Scanning and 3D Printing
Authors: Matsumura Satoshi , Kobayashi Takaaki , Mizutani Takaaki , Bathurst Richard J.
Published: October 2017

This paper describes the use of X-ray tomography imaging of natural gravel specimens to create repeatable assemblages of bonded gravel-size resin specimens using a 3D printer. The paper describes how the resulting resin-based surrogate specimens have particle geometry and interparticle bonds that are a function of the original scanning image resolution and 3D printer resolution. Results of conventional triaxial compression testing of original source gravel specimens and constructed bonded specimens are compared. While there are quantitative differences in behavior between unbonded source and bonded duplicate specimens, the surrogate specimens are shown to have macroscale mechanical behavior that may be considered typical of some granular soils. The ability to generate identical surrogate bonded granular specimens with the same particle arrangement holds promise to remove the influence on geotechnical laboratory testing outcomes due to the unavoidable structural variation in specimens of natural granular assemblages.
Autenticidad enunciativa y sociosemántica del pop-rock en español
Authors: Martínez Casas María
Published: October 2017

From a sociological perspective, the aesthetic value of authenticity is considered a key feature musicians must have in order to enter the pop-rock canon (Val, Noya & Pérez-Colman 2014; Appen & Doehring 2006). The present paper aims to identify and analyse different strategies employed to suggest authenticity regarding enunciation (Laferl 2005) and social semiotics (Halliday 1978) in pop-rock song lyrics. To this end, a 120.000-word corpus of 722 songs in Spanish was compiled and analysed in terms of frequencies, participants, key words and practice patterns.
Das Migrationsthema bei Gianmaria Testa: zur ethischen und ästhetischen Hinterlassenschaft des Liedermachers aus dem Piemont
Authors: Moll Nora
Published: October 2017

This article focuses on the work of the Italian Cantautore Gianmaria Testa, who died prematurely this year. In particular, it analyses his concept album Da quest parte del mare (2006), which deals with the issue of migration. In the eleven songs of this album, Testa establishes a link between the migrations of the past and the present, in order to show that human feelings and behaviour do not change in ‘times of crises’. As the article tries to point out, Testa’s musical style and lyrics are the result of an intense aesthetic work. It is based on ethical principles and empathy, it creates intertextual relations with contemporary literary texts and with the Italian tradition of songwriters and reaches a remarkable expressiveness.
Europäisierung “Top-Down” und “Bottom-Up” und ihr Einfluss auf Minderheiten im komparativen Blickwinkel
Authors: Crepaz Katharina
Published: October 2017

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem zweidimensionalen Charakter von Europäisierungsprozessen („top-down“ und „bottom- up“) und dem Ablauf dieser Prozesse sowie ihrem Einfluss auf Minderheiten in ‚alten‘ und ‚neuen‘ Mitgliedstaaten (deutschsprachige Minderheit in Südtirol, Italien; Bretonen in Frankreich; deutsche Minderheit in Schlesien, Polen und italienische Minderheit in Istrien, Kroatien). Dazu werden strukturierte Interviews mit MinderheitenvertreterInnen und EU-BeamtInnen sowie parlamentarische Fragen an die EU-Kommission mittels Process Tracing analysiert. Während sich die grundsätzlichen Annahmen über eine Vorherrschaft von „Top-Down“-Prozessen in „neuen“ und „Bottom-Up“-Prozessen in „alten“ Mitgliedstaaten bewahrheitet haben, sind die Erkenntnisse über die Präsenz von „Top-Down“-Prozessen in „alten“ Staaten (Fallbeispiel Südtirol) sowie das Vorhandensein einer starken Zivilgesellschaft in „neuen“ Staaten (Schlesien, Istrien) durchaus überraschend.
Coordinated Expression of Two Types of Low-Threshold K+Channels Establishes Unique Single Spiking of Mauthner Cells among Segmentally Homologous Neurons in the Zebrafish Hindbrain
Authors: Watanabe Takaki , Shimazaki Takashi , Oda Yoichi
Published: October 2017

Expression of different ion channels permits homologously-generated neurons to acquire different types of excitability and thus code various kinds of input information. Mauthner (M) series neurons in the teleost hindbrain consist of M cells and their morphological homologs, which are repeated in adjacent segments and share auditory inputs. When excited, M cells generate a single spike at the onset of abrupt stimuli, while their homologs encode input intensity with firing frequency. Our previous study in zebrafish showed that immature M cells burst phasically at 2 d postfertilization (dpf) and acquire single spiking at 4 dpf by specific expression of auxiliary Kvβ2 subunits in M cells in association with common expression of Kv1.1 channels in the M series. Here, we further reveal the ionic mechanisms underlying this functional differentiation. Pharmacological blocking of Kv7/KCNQ in addition to Kv1 altered mature M cells to fire tonically, similar to the homologs. In contrast, blocking either channel alone caused M cells to burst phasically. M cells at 2 dpf fired tonically after blocking Kv7.In situhybridization revealed specific Kv7.4/KCNQ4 expression in M cells at 2 dpf. Kv7.4 and Kv1.1 channels expressed inXenopusoocytes exhibited low-threshold outward currents with slow and fast rise times, while coexpression of Kvβ2 accelerated and increased Kv1.1 currents, respectively. Computational models, modified from a mouse cochlear neuron model, demonstrated that Kv7.4 channels suppress repetitive firing to produce spike-frequency adaptation, while Kvβ2-associated Kv1.1 channels increase firing threshold and decrease the onset latency of spiking. Altogether, coordinated expression of these low-threshold K+channels with Kvβ2 functionally differentiates M cells among homologous neurons.
AQP4e-Based Orthogonal Arrays Regulate Rapid Cell Volume Changes in Astrocytes
Authors: Lisjak Marjeta , Potokar Maja , Rituper Boštjan , Jorgačevski Jernej , Zorec Robert
Published: October 2017

Water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) plays a key role in the regulation of water homeostasis in the brain. It is predominantly expressed in astrocytes at the blood–brain and blood–liquor interfaces. Although several AQP4 isoforms have been identified in the mammalian brain, two, AQP4a (M1) and AQP4c (M23), have been confirmed to cluster into plasma membrane supramolecular structures, termed orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs) and to enhance water transport through the plasma membrane. However, the role of the newly described water-conductive mammalian isoform AQP4e is unknown. Here, the dynamics of AQP4e aggregation into OAPs and its role in the regulation of astrocyte water homeostasis have been studied. Using super-resolution structured illumination, atomic force, and confocal microscopies, the results revealed that, in female rat astrocytes, AQP4e isoform colocalizes with OAPs, affecting its structural dynamics. In hypoosmotic conditions, which elicit cell edema, OAP formation was considerably enhanced by overexpressed AQP4e. Moreover, the kinetics of the cell swelling and of the regulatory volume decrease was faster in astrocytes overexpressing AQP4e compared with untransfected controls. Furthermore, the increase in maximal cell volume elicited by hypoosmotic stimulation was significantly smaller in AQP4e-overexpressing astrocytes. For the first time, this study demonstrates an active role of AQP4e in the regulation of OAP structural dynamics and in water homeostasis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWater channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) plays a key role in the regulation of water homeostasis in the brain. To date, only AQP4a and AQP4c isoforms have been confirmed to enhance water transport through plasmalemma and to cluster into orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs). We here studied the dynamics, aggregation, and role in the regulation of astrocyte water homeostasis of the newly described water-conductive mammalian isoform AQP4e. Our main findings are as follows: brain edema mimicking hypoosmotic conditions stimulates the formation of new OAPs with larger diameters, due to the incorporation of additional cytoplasmic AQP4 channels and the redistribution of AQP4 channels of the existing OAPs; and AQP4e affects the dynamics of cell swelling and regulatory volume decrease in astrocytes exposed to hypoosmotic conditions.
Unaware Processing of Tools in the Neural System for Object-Directed Action Representation
Authors: Tettamanti Marco , Conca Francesca , Falini Andrea , Perani Daniela
Published: October 2017

The hypothesis that the brain constitutively encodes observed manipulable objects for the actions they afford is still debated. Yet, crucial evidence demonstrating that, even in the absence of perceptual awareness, the mere visual appearance of a manipulable object triggers a visuomotor coding in the action representation system including the premotor cortex, has hitherto not been provided. In this fMRI study, we instantiated reliable unaware visual perception conditions by means of continuous flash suppression, and we tested in 24 healthy human participants (13 females) whether the visuomotor object-directed action representation system that includes left-hemispheric premotor, parietal, and posterior temporal cortices is activated even under subliminal perceptual conditions. We found consistent activation in the target visuomotor cortices, both with and without perceptual awareness, specifically for pictures of manipulable versus non-manipulable objects. By means of a multivariate searchlight analysis, we also found that the brain activation patterns in this visuomotor network enabled the decoding of manipulable versus non-manipulable object picture processing, both with and without awareness. These findings demonstrate the intimate neural coupling between visual perception and motor representation that underlies manipulable object processing: manipulable object stimuli specifically engage the visuomotor object-directed action representation system, in a constitutive manner that is independent from perceptual awareness. This perceptuo-motor coupling endows the brain with an efficient mechanism for monitoring and planning reactions to external stimuli in the absence of awareness.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur brain constantly encodes the visual information that hits the retina, leading to a stimulus-specific activation of sensory and semantic representations, even for objects that we do not consciously perceive. Do these unconscious representations encompass the motor programming of actions that could be accomplished congruently with the objects' functions? In this fMRI study, we instantiated unaware visual perception conditions, by dynamically suppressing the visibility of manipulable object pictures with mondrian masks. Despite escaping conscious perception, manipulable objects activated an object-directed action representation system that includes left-hemispheric premotor, parietal, and posterior temporal cortices. This demonstrates that visuomotor encoding occurs independently of conscious object perception.
De los métodos a la metodología en los diseños de investigación en ciencias sociales
Authors: Chaverri Chaves Diego
Published: October 2017

En ciencias sociales se comparten los métodos y técnicas de investigación, esto supone acercamientos prácticos entre disciplinas. Este artículo ofrece un prontuario al respecto, de modo tal que señala la diversidad de métodos y técnicas, las cuales se potencian por su combinación e innovación, pero simultáneamente se advierten algunos errores frecuentes que merodean los diseños de investigación al construir las metodologías. La principal sugerencia es que cada nuevo proyecto construya una metodología para el caso específico, nunca basta con repetir procedimientos mecánicamente.
PENGARUH BEKERJA DI LUAR NEGERI TERHADAP TINGKAT EKONOMI DAN PERCERAIAN
Authors: Karlina Eli , Arif Muhamad , - Sodikin
Published: October 2017

Abstract The success of overseas workers makes the Cikedung people who mostly work as agricultural laborers and have no fixed income to work overseas. The purpose of this study is to obtain a picture of the economic level of the family after working abroad and the effect of working abroad on the divorce rate in the community in Cikedung Village, Cikedung District, Indramayu District. The research conducted using qualitative approach with case study method, with data collection in the form of observation, interview, and documentation. The results revealed that before working abroad the family economic life is low but after working abroad their economic life has increased significantly. With regard to divorce, there is no significant influence because it is only experienced by a small number of families working abroad.  Abstrak Kesuksesan hasil kerja para TKI membuat masyarakat Cikedung yang sebagian besar bekerja sebagai buruh tani dan tidak mempunyai penghasilan tetap memilih untuk bekerja di luar negeri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran tingkat ekonomi keluarga setelah bekerja ke luar negeri serta pengaruh bekerja di luar negeri terhadap tingkat perceraian pada masyarakat di Desa Cikedung, Kecamatan Cikedung, Kabupaten Indramayu. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, dengan pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa sebelum bekerja ke luar negeri kehidupan ekonomi keluarga tergolong rendah tetapi sesudah bekerja di luar negeri menjadi kehidupan ekonomi mereka mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Terkait dengan perceraian, tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan karena hanya dialami oleh sebagian kecil keluarga yang bekerja di luar negeri. Pengutipan: Karlina, Eli, dkk. (2017). Pengaruh Bekerja di Luar Negeri terhadap Tingkat Ekonomi dan Perceraian. SOSIO DIDAKTIKA: Social Science Education Journal, 4(1), 2017, 54-60. doi:10.15408/sd.v4i1.4342.Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v4i1.4342
IPS DAN PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN: URGENSI PENGEMBANGAN SIKAP KESADARAN LINGKUNGAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Mutiani Mutiani
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT The ecological crisis is becoming a critical discourse between society not only nationally but also internationally. The challenge to make the student as responsible citizens demanding social studies teachers to have the skills for conducting effective learning. Strategies for achieving the quality of learning is influenced by various factors that often appear interrelated and together with the dynamic changes in the development of society itself. The aim of writing articles is expected to describe an understanding of how the urgency of the discourse of environmental awareness around us. Environmentally conscious attitude can be inculcated early. This is certainly in accordance with the practice of education in schools. Every teacher in particular in the field of Social Studies can integrate environmental material as part of a discussion. Obviously, such materials could be focus discourses critical for us to preserve the environment.   Abstrak Krisis ekologi menjadi wacana kritis bagi masyarakat tidak hanya dalam lingkup nasional tetapi juga internasional. Tantangan untuk menjadikan peserta didik sebagai warga negara yang bertanggungjawab menuntut guru IPS untuk memiliki kecakapan dalam meramu pembelajaran yang efektif. Strategi pencapaian mutu pembelajaran sangat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang kerap muncul saling berkaitan dan bersamaan dengan perubahan dinamisasi perkembangan masyarakat itu sendiri. Penulisan artikel ini diharapkan dapat membuat pemahaman bagaimana urgensi wacana kesadaran lingkungan di sekitar kita. Sikap sadar lingkungan dapat ditanamkan sejak dini. Hal ini tentunya sesuai dengan praktik pendidikan di sekolah. Setiap guru khususnya di bidang IPS dapat mengintegrasikan materi lingkungan sebagai bagian dari bahasan IPS. Tentunya materi yang demikian bisa menjadi pemicu wacana-wacana kritis bagi kita untuk melestarikan lingkungan.  Pengutipan: Mutiani. (2017). IPS dan Pendidikan Lingkungan: Urgensi Pengembangan Sikap Kesadaran Lingkungan Peserta Didik. SOSIO DIDAKTIKA: Social Science Education Journal, 4(1), 2017, 45-53. doi:10.15408/sd.v4i1.5718.Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v4i1.5718
STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT OF FOOD AROMATIZATION
Authors: Dubova Н.Ye. , Yegorov B.V. , Bezusov A.T. , Voskoboinyk V.I.
Published: October 2017

The specific understanding of food philosophy according to the facts of development of cooking technologies and growth rate of food range is given. As it has been proven by historical stages of production of flavorings, aroma is one of the important organoleptic ingredients for food developers. A review of food production based on development of nanotechnologies, as well as promising and cautioning publications on nanotechnologies in the food sector is presented. On the basis of the literary analysis, the future impact of nanotechnologies on the evolution of the aromatization process of food products is predicted. It has been determined that the peculiarity of the development mentioned above lies in the use of plant enzymes and / or flavor precursors in the nanoscale range. The example of enzymatic breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty acids of plant cell membranes as one of the ways of creating fresh flavor of many fruits, namely C6-C9 aldehydes and alcohols, is considered. It is noted that green fresh aromatic ingredients are needed to improve the organoleptic profile of foods from heat-treated vegetables, melons and gourds. The following factors affecting the development of food aromatization are defined: the decreased differentiation of principles of healthy nutrition and fast food, repetition of natural processes of aroma formation, application of wild green leafy vegetables, and evolution of medical nutrition. The information on food aromatization by packing with autonomous mixing and their approximate assortment is given. The innovations in food aromatization are aimed at quality nutrition, time saving, recreation and entertainment, meeting specific needs (vegetarian dishes, restrictive diets).
FROZEN PRE-COOKED SEMI-PRODUCTS WITH IODINE-CONTAINING STUFFING
Authors: Kalugina I. , Vikul S. , Novik Yu.
Published: October 2017

The article shows the necessity of healthy foods development and introduction into population`s food ration, which are enriched with scarce micronutrients, especially with iodine, to strengthen health and prevent diseases. There is a review of Laminarium chemical composition and proved the possibility of using these algae as iodine-containing ingredient to produce foodstuffs aimed to prevent iodine deficient disorders. The correlation of iodine and selenium in Laminarium algae is unique and is (1,0:0,7). This is that correlation what is necessary for human`s thyroid gland to provide normal functioning and optimal producing of the most important hormones – Thyroxine (T6) and Triiodothyronin (T3). While the development of pancakes with Laminarium stuffing, it was made a number of physical and chemical indicators of the stuffings compositions: humidity, active and titrated acidity. The important criteria for the stuffing formulation development was the product organoleptic estimation. It was found the optimal correlation of the formulation`s components of the Laminarium stuffing with the degree of homogenization considering. The application of modern research methods and experimental design, the study of organoleptic, physical, and chemical indicators of Laminarium and stuffing for pancakes with it allowed us to determine the optimum additive content in the stuffing and to optimize technological parameters of pancakes production. The Laminarium algae introduction in the recipe will enrich pancakes with a large number of macro-and microelements, vitamins and organic compounds. It has been found that the new product – pancakes with Laminarium stuffing characterized by high iodine content, has a high nutritional value and good consumer`s indicators. This allows to recommend it for using in preventive nutrition.
RESEARCH OF FRUIT CONSERVES’ CORROSIVE AGGRESSIVENESS
Authors: Kuznecova I. , Janchenko K.
Published: October 2017

Corrosion of metal canning containers is one of the obstacles in spreading its application for packing of food. Particularly aggressive to the metal container is fruit canned medium, containing organic acids.The basic material for the production of metal canning container is white tinplate. The main advantage of white tinplate is the tin compounds are harmless to human organism. For this reason, a white badge is used widely, usually used for production of canning containers, packaging beverages. Despite the fact that recently often used containers made of aluminum badge (foil), the basic material for manufacturing metal canning containers is steel white tinplate.Now applied for coating paints and varnishes do not provide anti-corrosion protection of inner surface of metal containers during storage. Preserving of canned fruit quality in metal containers is largely defined corrosion resistance of the containers. This is due to the fact that the metal transition to canned fruit in due courses of corrosion processes is lowering the nutritional value and deterioration taste of the product, and while allocation of hydrogen is accompanied by swelling and destruction of metal containers.We have investigated a number of anti-corrosion coatings based on Fe-Cr and Fe-Sn-Ti of their behavior in aggressive mediums canned fruit. For the purpose of modeling such mediums the solutions of most widespread organic acids were used. The research allowed conclude, that in surface solid solutions Fe-Sn-Ti increase the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in aqueous solutions of malic, citric and tartaric acids. This implies that the surface solid solutions’ formation can significantly improve corrosion resistance in aggressive canning mediums.
LA POLÍTICA DE LA FRONTERA. ENTREVISTA A SANDRO MEZZADRA Y BRETT NEILSON
Authors: Estupiñán Serrano Mary Luz
Published: October 2017

En diciembre de 2016 la editorial Tinta Limón publicó en Buenos
Aires La frontera como método o la multiplicación del trabajo, de
Sandro Mezzadra y Brett Neilson, cuya primera versión salió en inglés en
2013. En esta oportunidad conversamos con los autores sobre las implicancias
teórico-conceptuales de su propuesta. Abordamos la polisemia de la noción
de frontera que ellos colocan en términos de proliferación; la necesidad de desbordar la centralidad de los muros como ícono por excelencia de la frontera geopolítica del presente; la redefinición de los conceptos claves del pensamiento político moderno operada por la globalización; la multiplicación del trabajo; así como los desafíos que plantean las luchas migratorias no solo en el plano político, sino también para la redefinición de lo común.
R. SPAEMANN: ¿ANTROPOLOGÍA O ÉTICA? LAGUNAS TEMÁTICAS Y NOÉTICAS DE UN CORRECTO PLANTEAMIENTO ANTROPOLÓGICO
Authors: Sellés Juan Fernando
Published: October 2017

El presente trabajo estudia las claves de la antropología de Robert Spaemann.
Siguiendo el pensamiento medieval, Spaemann distingue realmente entre persona y naturaleza humana, afirmando correctamente que la persona es relación abierta a la trascendencia divina. No obstante, defiende al mismo tiempo otras tesis, tales como que el tener naturaleza constituye el ser de la persona, afirmación con la que parece subordinar la antropología a la ética; o bien, que la persona es temporal, que es fin en sí, que se conoce por reflexión, postulados que no parecen del todo correctos.
LA TRAGEDIA DEL PRÍNCIPE. EL PROBLEMA DE LA RAZÓN DE ESTADO Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL CONFLICTO POLÍTICO EN MAQUIAVELO
Authors: McDonell Cecilia
Published: October 2017

En el presente trabajo se analizará si es posible hablar de una teorización por parte de Maquiavelo del problema de la razón de Estado, contra aquellas interpretaciones que parten de tal problema con vistas a hacer una lectura tecnocrática. Se considerará tal concepto desde una clave interpretativa trágica, que nos permitirá explorar el pensamiento maquiaveliano en tanto atravesado por el conflicto, lo cual torna imposible reducirlo a un mero cálculo de medios y fines.
JACQUES DERRIDA, UN PLUS DE VIDA
Authors: Pavez Javier
Published: October 2017

El texto propone una aproximación al pensamiento de la sobrevida [survie] en
Jacques Derrida. A partir de su Introducción a ‘El origen de la geometría’ de Husserl,
de 1962, hasta su última entrevista el 2004, o incluso en el texto que redactó para
ser leído en su funeral, se pone en escena cierta insistencia de este cuasiconcepto,
insistencia e intensidad que se despliega desde la cuestión de la escritura y lo se
puede denominar economía de la muerte. El cuestionamiento de la teoría husserliana
del Presente viviente, a través de la muerte, encuentra, así, en la “sobrevida”, la
afirmación de la vida: Un plus de vida.
Soil desiccation cracks as a suction–contraction process
Authors: Cordero J. A. , Useche G. , Prat P. C. , Ledesma A. , Santamarina J. C.
Published: October 2017

Recent macro- and particle-scale advances in unsaturated soil behaviour have led to an enhanced understanding of the effects of moisture changes on soil response. This research examines desiccation cracks as a suction–contraction-coupled process using sand–clay mixtures. Suction–moisture measurements highlight the role of fines on suction potential even at low fines content; on the other hand, oedometer tests exhibit a marked transition from sand-controlled to clay-controlled compressibility. Time-lapse photography of desiccation tests in flat trays show the onset of crack initiation and the subsequent evolution in horizontal strains; concurrent gravimetric water content measurements relate crack nucleation to suction at air entry. Suction and compressibility increase with the soil-specific surface and have a compounded effect on desiccation-driven lateral contraction. Both layer thickness and its lateral extent affect the development of desiccation cracks. The recently proposed revised soil classification system properly anticipates the transitions in compressibility and capillary phenomena observed in this study (between 15 and 35% fines content).
Numerical modelling of rainfall-induced instability of vegetated slopes
Authors: Świtała B. M. , Wu W.
Published: October 2017

Vegetation is known to play an important role in reducing landslide hazard. This paper presents a numerical model, which allows modelling of rainfall-induced instabilities of vegetated slopes. Both the mechanical reinforcement and the water uptake by plant roots are taken into account by considering a coupled mechanical–hydrological system. A modified Cam-Clay model for unsaturated soil is used. The mechanical reinforcement of roots is simulated by its contribution to the preconsolidation pressure. The water uptake is modelled by a sink term for variably saturated flow. The numerical model is implemented in two finite-element codes for two- and three-dimensional problems. The model performance is demonstrated by two numerical examples.
Trader Positions and Marketwide Liquidity Demand
Authors: Onur Esen , Roberts John S. , Tuzun Tugkan
Published: October 2017

In electronic, liquid markets, traders frequently change their positions. The distribution of these trader position changes carries important information about liquidity demand in the market. From this distribution of trader position-changes, we construct a marketwide measure for intraday liquidity demand that does not necessarily depend on aggressive trading. Using a rich regulatory dataset on S&amp;P 500 E-mini futures and 10-year Treasury futures markets, we show that this liquidity demand measure has a positive impact on prices. We then decompose our measure of liquidity demand into three components: aggressive, passive and mixed liquidity demand. Passive liquidity demand also has an impact on prices; a one standard deviation increase in passive liquidity demand is associated with 0.5 tick rise in prices for S&amp;P 500 E-mini futures. In addition, we find that new information is incorporated into the prices when passive liquidity demanders take positions. By providing direct evidence, we contribute to the growing literature on the impact of passive limit orders.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Keratitis in Alexandria Main University Hospital v1
Authors: Abdelkader Zainab
Published: October 2017

INTRODUCTION: Blindness is and, apparently always has been, a problem in Egypt. Corneal blindness is a major public health problem worldwide according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which estimated that in every year, about 1.5–2.0 million new cases of monocular blindness in developing countries is secondary to corneal ulceration. Bacterial keratitis, because of its high incidence and potential complications, is one of the most threatening ocular infectious pathologies that can lead to severe visual disability or corneal perforations. To help avoiding the specific therapy risks of disease progression and the microbiological investigations being incomplete or misleading, other organisms as virus, fungi, and Acanthamoeba should be considered. OBJECTIVES: To isolate and identify different bacterial agents causing keratitis and identify factors associated with bacterial keratitis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out to identify causative pathogens and to determine the demographic characteristics, predisposing factors of keratitis (corneal ulcer) and presenting at tertiary care hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. A total of 100 cases were examined, samples (corneal swab and scrapings) were collected from clinically diagnosed corneal ulcer patients attending Ophthalmology outpatient clinic of Alexandria Main University Hospital from August, 2014 to May, 2015. Samples were processed by corneal smear microscopy (potassium hydroxide and Gram stains) and culture examination (5% sheep blood agar, sheep blood chocolate agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar and brain heart infusion).
HA tag enables highly efficient detection of heterologous proteins in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pt) exconjugants v2
Authors: Turnsek Jernej
Published: October 2017

Invitrogen's HA tag monoclonal antibodyin combination with Western Breeze Anti-Mouse Chemiluminescent Western Blot Immunodetection Kit leads to no background Western blots with Pt lysates. HA tag thus represents a tag of choice for (1) efficient and unambioguous protein expression analysis, (2) immunofluorescence experiments and (3) various IP and pull-down experiments in Pt and possibly other diatoms as well as other marine microeukaryotes.
(CVD) risk chart development, evaluation, and validation v1
Authors: Sarrafzadegan Nizal , Hassannejad Razieh , Reza Marateb Hamid , Talaei Mohammad , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Reza Roohafza Hamid , Masoudkabir Farzad , OveisGharan Shahram , Mansourian Marjan , Reza Mohebian Mohammad , Angel Mañanas Miquel
Published: October 2017

In this protocol, we aimed to show the step-by.step procedures used to develop, evaluate and validate (CVD) risk charts.
Comparative Analysis of Methods for Estimation of Undirected Coupling from Time Series of Intracranial Eegs of Cortex of Rats-Genetic Models of Absence Epilepsy
Authors: Грищенко А.А. , Grishchenko A.A.
Published: October 2017

Studying coupling between brain areas from its electromagnetic activity is one of the key approaches in epilepsy research now, since epileptic
activity has been considered to be a result of pathological synchronization in the brain. Often, research is conducted on animal models, because
this allows to perform intracranial measurement, and to get rid of interference caused by the skull and to receive signals from deeper regions of
the brain such as thalamus or hippocampus. In this study, the intracranial recordings from the frontal and parietal areas of cortex are investigated
with a nonlinear correlation coefficient and a mutual information function in a sliding time window. The coupling estimates obtained were subjected
for statistical analysis for significance using surrogate data. The dynamics of connectivity between the frontal cortex and the parietal cortex
was shown to vary from seizure to seizure and from animal to animal. Therefore, estimates of the significant change in connectivity associated
with initiation of the absense seizure, found previously based on averaging over a large number of animals and a large number of seizures for
an each animal, can be a result of contribution of a relatively small number of seizures (less than a half of considered), for which the changes
are significant.
LOGISTICS FACTOR IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISTIC TERRITORIES (DESTINATIONS) ON EXAMPLE OF URBAN AND RURAL TOURISM
Authors: Smyrnov I. , Bench Yu.
Published: October 2017

Revealed logistical approach to achieve sustainable development of urban and rural kinds of tourism including practical examples of the most popular tourist destinations (cities) in Ukraine – Kyiv and Lviv. Logistics approach is based on applying the concept of spatial regulation of tourist flows in cities and rural areas (worked out by one of authors – Smyrnov I.G.) and the concept of reverse logistics for recycling of waste, which volume increases as usual after tourists visits. Fulfilled comparison of logistical features of urban and rural tourism in order to ensure their sustainability. For a common goal – to achieve sustainability of the tourism industry in a particular area and at the same functional purpose – by optimization (regulation) of tourist flows in appropriate way to the specific destinations considering their tourism resource base and distribution of tourist flows differences lie in the different resource base for tourism development. In the case of rural tourism resource base is: first, the landscape (natural landscapes); second, flora and fauna; third, agricultural production; fourth, various events (ethnographic, ethnomusic, ethnogastronomic and other ethnotouristic holidays and festivals). In the case of urban tourism the resource base is equally varied and includes: first, historical and modern buildings and other points of architectural interest; second, interurban objects (castles, museums, shopping and entertainment centers etc.); third, the natural environment (parks, botanical gardens etc.); fourth, various events (international, national, city celebrations, festivals and other social and cultural activities). There is difference in the case of rural and urban tourist flows distribution along the territory: typical for rural tourism is dispersing distribution (on farms), typical for urban tourism is concentrated distribution, particularly in the central and historic districts of cities. Accordingly major logistical tasks of ensuring the sustainability of tourism are also different: for rural tourism it is, first, to determine minimum and maximum volumes of tourist flows; second, is desired the waste recycling and monitoring of environmental conditions. For urban tourism main task is to determine the maximum tourist flows volume and as a must the waste recycling whith improving of environmental conditions. Also developed scientific and practical grounds of reverse ecologistics, i.e. logistics of waste recycling remaining after the tourists stay in urban and rural destinations. Proposed mathematical approach of ecologistical optimization of waste reusing (recycling) in destinations of urban and rural tourism.
Anthropology of Epidemics in Emergency and Normal Times in Guatemala
Authors: Cerón Alejandro
Published: October 2017

Studying epidemics provides a privileged window for examining broader questions of social inequalities and the ways in which institutions reproduce or transform them. However, focusing just on the epidemic crisis during emergencies fails to acknowledge that the very definition of an epidemic depends on the work of epidemiologists during the times when there are no ongoing declared epidemic emergencies. During the inter-crisis periods, epidemiologists work on defining what will count as an epidemiological emergency in the future and how it will be addressed. At the same time, epidemiologists' work is defined by the dominant ideologies of epidemiology in a specific context. Therefore, in order to understand the epidemiologic crisis, one should also study epidemiologic work in normal times and the underlying ideologies that define it. In this paper, I contrast the work of Guatemalan epidemiologists during epidemic crisis and in “normal” times. I argue that both kinds of work are linked through the ideologies of epidemiology they embody.
Navigating Structural Violence with Indigenous Families: The Contested Terrain of Early Childhood Intervention and the Child Welfare System in Canada
Authors: Gerlach Alison J , Browne Annette J , Sinha Vandna , Elliott Diana
Published: October 2017

Internationally, the welfare of Indigenous children continues to be severely compromised by their involvement with child welfare authorities. In this context, there are calls for greater investment in early childhood programs to support family preservation and children’s well-being. This article reports on the findings from a critical qualitative inquiry undertaken with Aboriginal Infant Development Programs (AIDPs) in Canada. The findings highlight how AIDP workers’ relational approaches countered Indigenous mothers’ experiences of feeling "like a bad parent" as a result of their involvement with the child welfare system and how workers navigated an increasingly close relationship with this system. We draw on the concept of structural violence to discuss the impact of the child welfare system on Indigenous families and AIDPs.
Responses of Upland NERICA Rice to Fertiliser Application and Fallow Management in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Benin Republic
Authors: Worou Omonlola Nadine , Gaiser Thomas , Igué Mouinou Attanda , Gbemavo Charlemagne , Sinsin Brice Augustin
Published: October 2017

Recent findings reported that introduction of legumes as an intercrop or in rotation to minimize external inputs can reverse the declining of soil fertility in upland rice agrosystem and so improve the productive capacity of farms. The objectives of the study were to assess (1) the effects of rotation of upland rice with other crops, of fertiliser application and of rice varieties on rice yield and (2) the interaction effects of rotation, fertiliser application and variety on rice production. An experiment was carried out from 2011 to 2012 in 2 zones in Benin Republic, West Africa. Three rice rotation treatments were established where in the year preceding rice cropping the following pre-crops were grown: (1) natural fallow regrowth (2) sole cowpea crop and (3) cowpea/maize intercrop. The following year, 3 NERICA varieties were cultivated in the three pre-crop treatments with and without fertiliser application. With respect to combined effect of NP mineral fertiliser and rotation, a consistent increase in rice yield over all varieties was only observed with maize-cowpea intercrop preceding rice in the Guinean zone. Improved fallow with cowpea combined with fertiliser was beneficial for NERICA 2 and NERICA 4 in the Sudano –Guinean zone and with NERICA 1 and NERICA 4 in the Guinean zone. Rice in rotation with maize-cowpea intercrop and in combination with NP mineral fertiliser can easily fit into the current smallholder farming systems under rain-fed conditions in the Guinean zone, but is not recommendable for the Sudano- Guinean zone.
Evaluation of Biological Water Quality by Biological Macrophytic Index in River: Application on the Watershed of Beht River
Authors: Saloua Bentaibi , Abdelilah Rahou , Lahsen Chillasse , Soumaya Hammada , Elhassan Abba
Published: October 2017

The Biological macrophytic Index for River (IBMR) is based on the examination of aquatic plants (macrophytes) to determine the river quality, particularly its degree of eutrophication linked to nitrogen content and phosphorus in water . The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological quality of a Moroccan river through the IBMR in view to integrate it into the monitoring programs of water quality. Indeed, this method of assessment of biological water quality is under development and adaptation to the Moroccan hydro-biological context. Beht River on which we selected 13 stations, the quality was evaluated during a first sampling campaign in 2014. The results show a good representation of the trophic status of stations relative to environmental conditions of the environment such as the types of wastes, agricultural and other activities. Indeed, the stations with a strong trophic level often come downstream urban areas or near farms. The low average index values correspond to stations with little to very little polluting activities.
Déterminismes De La Dynamique De La Forêt Des Marais Tanoé-Ehy (Sud-Est, Côte d'Ivoire)v
Authors: Emmanuel Joël Abrou N’Gouan , Bruno Kpangui Kouassi , Aimé Vroh Bi Tra , Yves Adou Yao Constant
Published: October 2017

Objective: The Tanoé-Ehy Forest (FMTE) has been identified as a top priority site for primate conservation in West Africa. Pending the completion of the measures of its final classification in protected area, anthropic pressures are constantly nibbling the types of habitat that the FMTE contains. The objective of the present study was to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of this forest from 1986 to 2016. The study consisted in mapping and following through Landsat satellite images from 1986, 2000, and 2016 the dynamics of the land use that constitute the FMTE. To better understand the underpinnings of this evolution, based on anthropogenic threats, surveys were carried out in the five villages closest to the forest. Treatments show a 10% degradation of swamp forest area to degraded forests in 30 years. The habitats temporarily flooded forests remained intact during this 30 years period, reflecting efforts to maintain the integrity of the FMTE. Surveys have shown that the types of pressure and their intensity vary from peripheral villages. Overall, this involves wood harvesting and hunting. In view of the importance of the FMTE in terms of a particular ecosystem and the conservation of biodiversity, it is desirable and urgent that, in addition to awareness-raising campaigns for local populations, the process of its final ranking be accelerated to end its degradation.
Toxicité Aigüe Et Effets Des Extraits Des Feuilles De Cogniauxia Podolaena Bail. (Cucurbitaceae) Sur L’excrétion Fécale Et La Motilité Intestinale
Authors: Itou RDG Elion , Ossibi AW Etou , CJ Morabandza , D.S. Kiessé , Nkouka S.H.J Mayela , AA Abena
Published: October 2017

This work aims to estimate acute toxicity and to evaluate the effects of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of leaves (Cucurbitaceae) of Cogniauxia podolaena on the fecal excretion and the intestinal motility. The estimation of the acute toxicity was made by oral administration of the aqueous and hydroéthanolique extracts in the doses of 2000 and 500 mg/kg in mice in order to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD50) and the experimental doses. No sign of toxicity was observed with the hydroethanolic extract in mice. The aqueous extract of Cogniauxia podolaena is slightly toxic with a lethal dose estimated at the dose of 3167 mg/kg. For that, the doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg were retained for experiment. The effect of the both extracts at 300 and 600 mg/kg was evaluated on the fecal excretion directly on the normal animals and on the intestinal motility according to the method of coal. The hydroethanolic extract (300 and 600 mg/kg) increased the fecal excretion in rats. Aqueous extract (300 and 600 mg/kg) did not present effects. The both extracts in doses used does decrease the speed of intestinal evacuation. The effect of hydroethanolic extract is low at the dose of 600 mg/kg. These results do not seem to confirm the traditional use of this plant in the constipation coverage.