bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structural Characterization of BaTiO3 Powder
Authors: Mehmood Muhammad Farhan , Habib Amir
Published: January 2025

The main purpose of the present study was to synthesize and characterize the structural morphology of barium titanate (BaTiO3) powder. The synthesis of BaTiO3 powder was carried out by hydrothermal process using barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as precursors in a high-pressure stirred reactor autoclave for a 7-hour reaction time at various temperatures (100, 150 and 180 °C). The physical appearance of the synthesized BaTiO3 powder was white crystalline. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the BaTiO3 powder. Raman spectroscopy and XRD techniques confirm the formation of cubic-phase BaTiO3. Raman peaks at 305 and 516 cm−1 confirmed the formation of BaTiO3. SEM micrographs showed different shapes and a highly dispersed size distribution of particles. The crystal structure of BaTiO3 powder changed as the reaction temperature changed during the synthesis process. The morphological properties of the BaTiO3 powder prepared at 100 °C clearly indicated spherical, irregular, and cubic rod-like structures. The particle size of BaTiO3 powder was very fine at higher reaction temperatures of 150 and 180 °C. Cubic-phase BaTiO3 was obtained in all the synthesized samples. Barium carbonate (BaCO3) and residual unreacted TiO2 phases as impurities were detected in the BaTiO3 powder. The purity of BaTiO3 powder was high at 180 °C under these synthesis conditions.
A Comprehensive Review of Machine Learning-Based Malware Detection Techniques for Windows Platform
Authors: Wajid Amna , Ahmed Tauqir , Chaudhry Uroosa Bilal
Published: January 2025

The growing threat of windows malware poses an increasing risk to the security of computers and the sensitive information they hold. The exponential rise in malware threats targeting the windows platform necessitates robust and adaptive detection mechanisms. Machine learning (ML) techniques demonstrate effectiveness in identifying windows malware therefore, a thorough analysis of these techniques is essential. This paper presents a comprehensive review of machine learning based techniques which have been proposed by research community for detecting windows malware. The review begins by providing a comparison of this study with the existing reviews. Then, we provide details of different ML based malware detection techniques. These techniques have been assessed on multiple parameters including: dataset used for training and testing, availability of dataset, ML model used for classification, the type of extracted features, analysis type and the metrics employed to measure the effectiveness of technique. Furthermore, the paper highlights the limitations and challenges in this field and suggests potential future research directions. By providing a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of ML-based malware detection techniques proposed for the windows environment, this study aims to guide and inspire further research in handling evolving cyber threats.
HUBUNGAN POLA MAKAN DENGAN PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI BAYI USIA 0-6 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PARUGA KOTA BIMA TAHUN 2024
Authors: Agusmiati  , Suryati  , Yati Purnama
Published: January 2025

Pada dasarnya nutrisi sangat berperan penting dalam proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi. Salah satu nutrisi yang alami adalah ASI (air susu ibu) pemberian nutrisi secara alami ini biasanya diberikan dalam beberapa bulan pertama kehidupan bayi dan biasanya sering dikenal dengan nama ASI eksklusif. Puskesmas Paruga menunjukan pada tahun 2023 bahwa jumlah bayi yaitu 678 dan bayi yang diberikan ASI yaitu 523. Tujuan peneliatian untuk Mengetahui Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Produksi Asi Pada Ibu Menyusui Bayi Usia 0-6 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Paruga Kota Bima Tahun 2024. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kuantitatif dengan desain yang digunakan adalah pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai bayi 0-6 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Paruga Kota Bima Tahun 2023 yaitu 523 responden. Sampel sebanyak 52 orang dan menggunakan rumus Arikunto dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel yaitu simple random sampling. Tehnik analisis data meliputi analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi Square. Berdasarkan ibu yang mempunyai bayi 0-6 bulan sebagian besar Produksi ASI Lancar yaitu 38 (73,1%). Berdasarkan ibu yang mempunyai bayi 0-6 bulan sebagian besar Pola Makan Sesuai yaitu 33 (63,5%). Ada hubungan antara Pola Makan Dengan Produksi Asi Pada Ibu Menyusui Bayi Usia 0-6 Bulan dengan nilai ρ (0,000) < (0,05)
Implementasi Etika Hubungan Guru dan Murid Dalam Proses Pembelajaran di Sekolah
Authors: Edo Abdulloh , Faelasup Faelasup
Published: January 2025

This research discusses the ethical relationship between teachers and students in the learning process, which is crucial for creating a conducive and effective learning environment. This research examines various ethical aspects that teachers and students need to apply to achieve optimal educational goals. The library research method is used in this research. The research results show that firstly, a teacher's ethics involve characteristics such as piety, a peaceful attitude, humility, and the use of knowledge for good. Second, a student's ethics include respecting the teacher, listening attentively, and following in the footsteps of good examples. Third, the relationship between teachers and students must be based on the principles of mutual respect and ethics. Teachers can balance their responsibilities in directing and motivating students, while students must show respect and sincerity in learning. The implementation of ethics involves harmonious cooperation between both parties to achieve holistic educational goals. This research confirms that ethics in education not only improves the quality of the teaching and learning process but also contributes to the development of student character and teacher professionalism. By adopting good ethical principles, the relationship between teachers and students will further strengthen the effectiveness of education, both from an academic and spiritual perspective
Campur Kode Tuturan Mahasiswa pada Praktek Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) dalam Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar: Studi Kasus di Kelas II SD Kononia, Kabupaten Jayawijaya
Authors: Kadang Eva , Faisal Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Penutur yang ketika berbicara bahasa Indonesia, banyak memasukkan unsur bahasa daerahnya sehingga terjadi campur kode ketika berkomunikasi Penelitian ini menguraikan tentang alih kode yang terjadi pada tuturan siswa saat praktik kerja lapangan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar di Kelas II SDN Koinonia Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pencatatan. Penulis mengumpulkan data dengan cara merekam tuturan siswa LPP 1 pada saat kegiatan pembelajaran. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah: transkripsi data yang direkam, identifikasi, klasifikasi data, interpretasi data. data, kesimpulan yang diberikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua jenis campur kode yang ditemukan pada tuturan siswa pada saat latihan PPL di kelas II SD Koinonia Kabupaten Jayawijaya, yaitu yaitu campur kode intern yang berupa 189 kata dan perulangan kata sebanyak 1 data. Aktivitas Campuran kode eksternal dalam bentuk 12 kata data dan 10 akronim data.
Los silencios de la Voz: Formas de (des) incorporación social de los jóvenes que migran
Authors: Tellechea Valery
Published: January 2025

One of the most relevant particularities shared by minors, who migrate alone when reaching their destination and that differentiates them from other migrants, is their dual status as minors and foreigners in an irregular situation. As minors, they are supposed to be protected under specific legislation based on the best interests of the minor. However, his condition as a “foreigner”, an “irregular” or “illegal” immigrant, who arrives by boat from the African continent, seems to have no place in the imagination of the “good migrant”. Based on these categories, which can be loaded with negative connotations and are implicit in the word “MENA”, migrant minors are subjected institutionally and through the media to practices and discourses of differentiation that do not consider their age, but rather are They are governed by ethnic difference, the basis of their origin, their immigration status, legal status and human capital.
Enhancing Marketing Intelligence in the Insurance Sector: A Study in the Belgrade Region
Authors: Medan Nikola
Published: January 2025

In the rapidly evolving landscape of data-driven business, marketing intelligence has become a cornerstone for organizational success. This entails the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of vast data sets, empowering businesses to make strategic marketing decisions. Employing techniques like data mining, machine learning, and sentiment analysis, marketing intelligence uncovers hidden patterns, identifies opportunities, and predicts challenges. A pivotal outcome is enhanced customer understanding through detailed profiles derived from sources like social media, website interactions, and purchase history. This depth of insight allows for the creation of personalized, precisely targeted campaigns, fostering stronger customer relationships and loyalty. Moreover, marketing intelligence facilitates data-driven decisions aligned with overarching business goals, optimizing resource allocation, budgeting, and strategic planning. Utilizing software solutions such as RapidMiner, organizations gain efficiency in data analysis, machine learning, and predictive analytics. Net Promoter Score (NPS) acts as a key metric, gauging customer sentiment and likelihood to recommend products or services. This paper focuses on evaluating customer satisfaction in the insurance sector, aiming to propose enhancements for service quality based on existing research results. Through a comprehensive examination of customer satisfaction levels, the study seeks to provide actionable insights for continual improvement.
Digital Identification from Smart Card to Digital Wallet –Eu Legal Framework and Situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Macan Siniša
Published: January 2025

Information technologies and the entirely new digital world are experiencing significant development in the second and third decades of the twenty-first century. This development has led to the need to realize the concept of legal regulation of cyberspace, especially in the segment of digital identification. Digital identification is necessary to ensure security as well as the protection of personal data. Additionally, digital identification must guarantee the reliability and trust of signatories in the technologies used. The regulations adopted in previous years implied the existence of a PKI infrastructure and the storage of the private key by the signatory. However, the development of technologies and the widespread use of mobile and smart devices have generated the need for remote signing, cloud-based signing, and the creation of digital wallet techniques. It is precisely in this segment that the regulations have been amended. The paper presents EU regulations in this area and the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is particularly emphasized that the use of reliable legally grounded digital identification has not yet begun to be implemented in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and that it is necessary to establish practices and systems based on legal regulations that are aligned with the EU, as well as with the legal framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
From .NET Core to .NET 8: A Comprehensive Analysis of Performance, Features, and Migration Pathways
Authors: Cvijić Branimir , Ranilović Pero
Published: January 2025

This analysis embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the .NET ecosystem’s evolution, with a spotlight on the transition from .NET Core to the unified .NET platform, culminating in the release of .NET 8. It meticulously examines the performance enhancements, feature evolutions, and migration strategies that underscore this transition, providing a lens through which the future trajectory of .NET, including the anticipation of .NET 9, can be discerned. By offering a deep dive into the comparative performance metrics and the introduction of novel features across versions, this paper caters to IT professionals, students, and technology aficionados seeking to grasp the full extent of .NET’s capabilities and its strategic direction. The findings aim to not only delineate the technical advancements but also to contextualize the platform’s ongoing innovation within the broader software development ecosystem.
New neural PLL Architecture
Authors: Đokić Vladimir V. , Đokić Dragana
Published: January 2025

A PLL or phase-locked loop is a control system that creates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase-locked loop and represents controlled input signal. The goal of this research is to first investigate the functioning of new PLL neural networks and then, in the research section, explore an approach involving the extraction of neural symmetrical voltage components. The architectural characteristics of phase-locked loops (PLLs) typically include capture and lock ranges, bandwidth, and transient response. The new neural PLL architecture offers several advantages, such as low noise performance, reduced silicon area, and compatibility with low supply voltages. However, it may also present disadvantages, including hardware dependency and potential design complexity compared to traditional PLL architectures. Evaluating these factors is crucial, depending on the specific needs of the application. In this paper, we present the scientific research included in the experimental part where we investigate the performance of the proposed neural PLL, for which experimental comparisons with the conventional PLL in a distorted reference frame are necessary. Structural columns or structural circles will be used for graphic display. The following research methods and techniques will be applied: instruments, basic methods and data processing procedures - if they are foreseen. What makes this work a scientific research work is a descriptive method that will be used. To better understand how PLLs work, we propose an original three-phase neural approach for components of the system’s phase and symmetry. The quality of the electricity can be assessed and managed with this framework. Our study shows that the full neural architecture may be applied to three-phase power systems because it is based on DSP supplies. Additionally, we present the performance of the PLL system in a three-phase power supply context. Different regulators, such as PI and RST based on phase logic, are incorporated into the PLL scheme. The results suggest that the neural PLL could make a significant contribution in applications where the quality and efficiency of three-phase power systems are essential.
Visibility at intersections in the city of Banja Luka
Authors: Ilić Milan , Radović Milija , Golić Marko , Bošnjak Goran , Ilić Tanja
Published: January 2025

Visibility at intersections in road traffic plays a key role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of the traffic flow. Insufficient visibility at intersections can significantly increase the risk of traffic accidents. This paper investigates the importance of visibility at intersections and its impact on the safe merging of vehicles into traffic. The state of visibility at intersections in the city of Banja Luka is analyzed in order to identify factors that lead to a lack of visibility. Research results are presented that indicate insufficient visibility at certain intersections, which can lead to an increased risk of traffic accidents. Recommendations and opportunities for improving visibility at intersections are also discussed, including proper placement of traffic signs, signage and removal of obstructions that impede visibility. The importance of driver awareness of the importance of visibility and timely reaction at intersections is emphasized. This paper provides insight into the problem of lack of visibility at intersections and highlights the need to take measures to improve road traffic safety.
Selection of an Electric Forklift for the Operational Planning Needs of the Warehouse System of GTC Doboj
Authors: Petrović Rade , Đurčić Ratko , Stević Željko
Published: January 2025

The selection of handling equipment represents an important aspect of operational planning in logistics centers and affects the potential increase in work efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to consider various factors when making decisions regarding the selection of handling equipment. This paper presents the selection of an electric forklift for the needs of loading and handling activities in a closed warehouse of the GTC (Goods Transport Center) Doboj. An MCDM model, consisting of FUCOM (Full Consistency Method) and MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking According to the COmpromise solution) was applied to evaluate electric forklifts. The FUCOM method was used to determine the values of criteria, and the MARCOS method was used to evaluate electric forklifts. After obtaining the results, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis were performed.
Component-Based Object Recognition Algorithm
Authors: Slivnitsin Pavel , Mylnikov Leonid , Efimov Egor
Published: January 2025

The paper presents an approach to object recognition based on the hypothesis of representing objects using a set of geometric primitives and relations between them. The goal of the paper is to develop a method for object recognition in the environment, which allows to recognize objects based on their description. For this purpose, the following tasks are solved: the recognition of a set of geometrical objects (primitives), the estimation of relations between primitives and the search of correspondences between the found primitives and relations and the defined templates (descriptions objects). The set of geometric primitives is selected taking into account the nature of the subject area of the objects to be recognized. The paper presents object recognition examples through the use of the method proposed. As a result, the operability of the proposed object recognition method is confirmed. An object description method has been developed. For experiments, the images of primitives were used generated in the Blender 3D, as well as photos of primitives from the kid’s toy constructor. The primitive detection model was trained on a training sample consisting of 1000 artificial images and 50 real images. The research results can be applied in algorithms for recognizing traffic participants as well as traffic signaling objects.
Smart Mobility in Smart Cities
Authors: Mirović Valentina , Mitrović Simić Jelena , Miličić Milica , Ruškić Nenad
Published: January 2025

Contemporary urbanization trends today are defined in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, aiming to create a balance between the need for increased mobility, economic progress, and environmental protection in cities. The increase in the world’s population therefore requires a new way of optimizing human movement and the transportation of goods. The concept of smart mobility emerged alongside smart cities. Smart cities represent urban environments where information and communication technologies are applied to increase the efficiency of the urban system, leading to constant exchange of information with the population to improve the level of services available in the city and enhance the quality of people’s lives. The concept of smart mobility represents a system that collects and processes data in real-time using various information and communication technologies to optimize travel, ultimately leading to reduced traffic congestion, emissions of harmful gases, increased traffic safety, and improved efficiency and effectiveness of the transportation system. This paper will define the concepts of smart cities and smart mobility, and through examples of good practices, implemented solutions of the smart mobility concept in European cities will be presented. Furthermore, the paper will also address the challenges of implementing smart mobility systems that may arise due to the complexity of transportation systems in cities.
Protection of Pedestrians from Collisions With Motor Vehicles
Authors: Mikulić Dinko , Marušić Željko , Injac Zoran , Mikanović Boris
Published: January 2025

New vehicle models must be homologated in accordance with EC regulations on pedestrian protection. In this article, an analysis of traffic accidents and pedestrian injuries was presented first, as a result of expert examinations, and then appropriate solutions are presented for the design of the front part of the vehicle with the aim of reducing serious injuries. The severity of injuries caused by a vehicle hitting a pedestrian depends mostly on the speed of the vehicle and the shape of the front part of the vehicle. Relevant indicators of vehicle collisions with pedestrians point to inappropriate speed and late detection of pedestrians by the driver. Current technology offers active prevention of vehicle collisions with pedestrians and mitigation of the consequences of a collision if one occurs. The tendency of the development of pedestrian protection is set on the development of combined active-passive protection. Based on the pedestrian protection criteria, the method of optimizing passive systems and the method of testing protection in accordance with European regulations is presented. These are, first of all, lift-up engine bonnet, the windshield and the pedestrian airbag, which can reduce fatal injuries. The Euro NCAP program publishes the results of testing new vehicle models with regard to pedestrian protection. This increases social awareness of the importance of using technology to protect pedestrians.
The Effect of Foot Anthropometric Measurements on Pain and Functional Disability of Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women
Authors: Koca Rabia , Şen Müşerref Ebru , Yılmazer Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Background: Weight gain during pregnancy, loosening of the foot ligaments with the release of relaxin hormone, anthropometric and biomechanical changes can be seen in the foot with the growing fetus. It was aimed to determine whether these changes that occur during pregnancy cause painful musculoskeletal problems by altering the proximal structures of the lower extremities and the structure of the spine.

Methods: Within the scope of this study, 210 women, half of whom are 3rd trimester of pregnancy (in the 28-40 weeks), aged between 18 and 40, with similar demographic characteristics are evaluated through measuring their navicular drops, hallux valgus angles, foot widths, foot lengths and tibial-calcaneal angles of both feet. Foot Function Index for foot-ankle, Kujala Patellofemoral Score for knee, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for hip, Oswestry Disability Index for waist and Modified Neck Disability Index for neck were used to determine pain and functional limitation.

Results: In this study, pain and functional disability in the waist, hip, knee, foot-ankle joints, navicular drops, hallux valgus angles and tibial-calcaneal angles were found to be significantly higher in pregnant women compared to the control group (P=0.00). It was observed that pain and dysfunction in all joints increased as navicular drop increased in both pregnant and nonpregnant women. In addition, it was determined that the increase in other anthropometric measurements in both groups caused pain and functional disability in most of the women, especially in the foot and ankle joints. However, the cause of joint pain and functional deficiencies was not related to pregnancy.

Conclusions: It was observed that foot deformities and proximal region complaints were significantly higher in pregnant women, and foot deformities caused more foot-ankle pain and disability in both the study and control groups. No difference was observed in pregnant women with the control group.
Combinatorial CRISPR screen reveals FYN and KDM4 as targets for synergistic drug combination for treating triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Kim Tackhoon , Park Byung-Sun , Heo Soobeen , Jeon Heeju , Kim Jaeyeal , Kim Donghwa , Lee Sang Kook , Jung So-Youn , Kong Sun-Young , Lu Timothy K
Published: January 2025

Tyrosine kinases play a crucial role in cell proliferation and survival and are extensively investigated as targets for cancer treatment. However, the efficacy of most tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in cancer therapy is limited due to resistance. In this study, we identify a synergistic combination therapy involving TKIs for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. By employing pairwise tyrosine kinase knockout CRISPR screens, we identify
FYN
and
KDM4
as critical targets whose inhibition enhances the effectiveness of TKIs, such as NVP-ADW742 (IGF-1R inhibitor), gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor), and imatinib (ABL inhibitor) both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Mechanistically, treatment with TKIs upregulates the transcription of
KDM4
, which in turn demethylates H3K9me3 at
FYN
enhancer for
FYN
transcription. This compensatory activation of
FYN
and
KDM4
contributes to the resistance against TKIs.
FYN
expression is associated with therapy resistance and persistence by demonstrating its upregulation in various experimental models of drug-tolerant persisters and residual disease following targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Collectively, our study provides novel targets and mechanistic insights that can guide the development of effective combinatorial targeted therapies, thus maximizing the therapeutic benefits of TKIs.
Effects of drought stress and Morchella inoculation on the physicochemical properties, enzymatic activities, and bacterial community of Poa pratensis L. rhizosphere soil
Authors: Yin Wei , Wang Le , Shang Qian Han , Li Yi Xin , Sa Wei , Dong Quan Min , Liang Jian
Published: January 2025

Background

Soil microorganisms are crucial for plant growth, and both plants and their associated rhizosphere microbes are impacted by changes in soil moisture. Inoculation with beneficial fungi can improve bacterial community structure and soil parameters.

Aim

Under drought stress conditions, the effects of inoculation with Morchella on the physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and bacterial community structure of the rhizosphere soil of Poa pratensis were studied.

Methods

High-throughput sequencing was employed to study rhizosphere soil bacterial communities in both Morchella-inoculated and uninoculated Poa pratensis rhizosphere soil subjected to moderate (50% soil moisture) and severe (30% soil moisture) drought stress, as well as under normal water conditions (70% soil moisture).

Results

Morchella inoculation significantly increased the alkaline nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) contents, protease activity (PA), and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) of Poa pratensis rhizosphere soil. Both Morchella inoculation and drought stress significantly altered the abundance and diversity of the P. pratensis rhizosphere community. The Chao1, Shannon, and Pielou diversity indices decreased with increasing drought stress. The effect of Morchella inoculation was improved under moderate drought stress and unstressed conditions. In addition, Morchella inoculation may help to stabilize the rhizosphere bacterial community under various levels of soil moisture.
Associations of PM2.5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes: a retrospective study
Authors: Qin Jiangxia , Liu Weiling , Zou Haidong , Zeng Chong , Gao Cifeng , Liu Weiqi
Published: January 2025

Background

There is evidence that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with premature rupture of membranes (PROM); however, studies of its effect on term PROM (TPROM) are limited, and the results are inconsistent.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and its components and the risk of TPROM.

Methods

From 2018 to 2022, we collected delivery data from pregnant women in Guangzhou. Using 1:1 case matching, we included 1,216 TPROM cases and 1,216 controls. PM2.5 and its component concentrations were obtained from Tracking Air Pollution in China. The time-varying mean concentration method was used to estimate exposure to PM2.5 and its components during different trimesters. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the associations of exposure to PM2.5 and its components with the risk of TPROM.

Results

The incidence of TPROM in this study was 19.66%. After adjusting for potential confounders, statistically significant associations were found between TPROM and exposure to PM2.5, nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$), ammonium (${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}^{+}$), and black carbon (BC) during the second trimester and between TPROM and exposure to PM2.5, sulphate (${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$), and BC during the third trimester. Specifically, the interquartile range (IQR) 3 (IQR3) and IQR4 of ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$ exposure during the third trimester increased the risk of TPROM by 18% (95% CIs [1.01–1.39]) and 18% (95% CIs [1.01–1.39]), respectively. A nonlinear relationship was observed between exposure to PM2.5, ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$, ${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}^{+}$, and OM during the second trimester and the risk of TPROM. No significant interactions were found between PM2.5 and its components with TPROM across various subgroups.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate significant associations between the risk of TPROM and exposure to PM2.5 and several of its components during pregnancy. Contribute to the literature on the associations of PM2.5 and its components with TPROM.
Cross-platform hatedom: Influencers’ strategies for managing affective aversion
Authors: Vizcaíno-Verdú Arantxa , Contreras-Pulido Paloma
Published: January 2025

Ante el crecimiento de comportamientos tóxicos en las comunidades de fans en línea, este estudio examina la construcción del hatedom en múltiples plataformas de redes sociales y las estrategias que los influencers emplean para navegar en entornos digitales hostiles. Mediante un enfoque de métodos mixtos, la investigación analiza 16.215 comentarios dirigidos a seis influencers, utilizando técnicas avanzadas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural y modelos de inteligencia artificial preentrenados. Paralelamente, por medio de entrevistas cualitativas estructuradas se obtuvo información sobre las percepciones de estos influencers respecto de sus interacciones con seguidores y detractores, presentando las estrategias empleadas para gestionar el odio recibido. Los hallazgos revelan que el hatedom, caracterizado por una fuerte aversión afectiva, presenta variaciones significativas en sus niveles de toxicidad y polarización emocional en diferentes plataformas, como YouTube, X, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok y Twitch. Los influencers adoptan diversas estrategias de resistencia, entre las que destacan ignorar interacciones negativas, bloquear a usuarios malintencionados y utilizar el sarcasmo como mecanismo defensivo. Asimismo, subrayan la importancia de proteger su salud mental, limitando su exposición digital para salvaguardar su bienestar. Este estudio resalta la necesidad de un enfoque integral y multifacético para comprender el fenómeno del hatedom, combinando el análisis de la polarización de las comunidades digitales con la implementación de herramientas tecnológicas avanzadas para la moderación. Al priorizar la salud mental y la resiliencia de los influencers, es posible promover un entorno digital más saludable en una evolución constante del comportamiento de los fans en redes sociales.
Interplay of Macroeconomics and CO2 Emissions Dynamics: Evidence from Top CO2 Emitting Economies
Authors: Maniselvam Jaganathan , Radhakrishnan Kalidoss , Prakash Swadesh , Goud Palsam Karthik Kumar
Published: January 2025

Understanding the dynamic connection between macroeconomic factors and CO2 emissions is vital for developing sustainable and environmentally conscious economic systems. Utilizing a 30-year dataset from the World Bank, focusing on the top 10 CO2-emitting nations, the study employs the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to capture both long-term and short-term causal relationships. Descriptive statistics showcase per capita CO2 emissions averaging 8.77 metric tons with notable variability. Key economic indicators, including forest area, foreign direct investment, trade, and GDP, exhibit dynamic trends. Renewable energy consumption averages 15.02%, while energy use per capita stands at 3579.16 kg of oil equivalent. Agricultural land constitutes 32.48%, and the estimated rural population percentage is approximately 33.94%. The VAR model with nine equations is thoroughly evaluated using criteria like BIC (125.280) and HQIC (122.177), signifying model fitting. Coefficients in the model highlight the impact of lagged values on the dependent variable, such as the statistically significant lagged CO2 emissions variable at lag 1. The Impulse Response Function (IRF) illustrates dynamic responses to variable shocks. Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) emphasizes the heavy reliance on past values for short-term CO2 forecasts, with external factors gaining significance over longer horizons. This comprehensive approach enhances the understanding of variable contributions to forecast uncertainty, emphasizing the importance of integrating economic development with environmental stewardship.
Histopathological and Biochemical Investigations of the Brain upon Sub-Acute Pentazocine Administration
Authors: Hart Josiah Soipiriala , Adheke Oghenefego Michael
Published: January 2025

Objective: Despite its common use among sickle-cell disease patients, pentazocine addiction in Nigeria has become a health concern among youths battling with diverse forms of pain. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of pentazocine on the cerebral cortex.
Methods: Twenty-eight (28) adult Wistar rats were acclimatized and grouped into four. Group 1 (control) was administered 1ml of normal saline (0.9% NaCl) while groups 2 – 4 served as the experimental groups and administered graded doses of 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, and 90 mg/kg pentazocine (PZ) intramuscularly for 14 days. Brain tissues were obtained and analyzed for biochemical parameters such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as histopathological analyses of sample tissues. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences between the groups using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0.
Results: In PZ-treated groups, the activities of CAT and SOD in the brain decreased while MDA levels increased (p < 0.05). The cerebral cortex of PZ-treated groups showed granular cell aggregations, moderate neuronal cell loss, and pyramidal cell loss.
Conclusion: Sub-acute pentazocine administration was shown to cause moderate toxicity and could lead to brain inflammatory responses.
Profitability Analysis of Women Entrepreneurs on Palm Oil Refinery in Kigoma Municipal, Tanzania
Authors: Lyanga Timothy M.
Published: January 2025

This paper was analyses the profitability of the women entrepreneurs on oil palm refinery at Kigoma Municipal in Tanzania for year 2024 using variables of age of respondent, education level of respondent, experience in business, purchasing cost, labor cost, transportation costs during buying, refinery charge and selling price. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to a random sample of 65 oil palm women entrepreneurs. The data were analyzed using (SPSS) to determine descriptive statistics, profitability analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Model (MLRM)results. The obtained results showed that the highest cost for oil palm refinery process stages is Tsh 1,200,000.00 = (70.5%) for labor charges of average total variable costs per year. The profitable analysis showed that oil palm refinery process in the study area is an average gross margin (TR)-(TVC) per women enterprises of oil palm refinery was Tshs. 2,589,000.00 per year while the net profit was estimated at Tshs. 2,533,000.00.  The benefit cost ratio of the entire enterprise was 2.44, thus indicating an additional return for every one shilling selling on oil palm refinery or processed. The multiple regression models revealed that the experience in oil palm refinery process enterprises, cost of seed purchasing, labor cost, costs of refinery process and cost of selling oil has a positive and significant relationship with profitability of women entrepreneurs’ success (β = 0.108, 0.084, 0.214, 0.347and 0.088, p value > 0.05). The adjusted R2 of the model was 0.86 which means the independent variables explain 86% of the variation in the profit per 20 litres of the oil palm enterprises. This paper recommends Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), policymakers, and practitioners to encourage women entrepreneurs to run their businesses for the long term by providing a variety of incentives and supports related to those internal and external factors. Also to expanding and up-scaling oil palm refinery production for providing adequate investment capital to operate so that can be guaranteed loans to the oil palm women entrepreneurs untouched and touched of refinery process specifically at Kigoma Municipal in Tanzania.
Impact of Organic Amendments on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics: A Kinetic Modelling Approach
Authors: Htun Kyi Min , Mar Swe Swe , Soe Yinn Mar , Moe Kyi , Ngwe Kyaw
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the dynamics of carbon (C) mineralization and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in tropical soil treated with different organic amendments over a 120-day incubation period. The findings reveal a notable spike in CO2 emissions during the initial three days, primarily due to the quick breakdown of easily degradable organic materials. Following this peak, emissions decreased significantly until day 24, stabilizing afterward. Among the organic amendments, cow dung manure produced the highest CO2 emissions (129.13 mg C kg⁻¹), and maize straw yielded the lowest (98.74 mg C kg⁻¹). A combination of cow dung and rice straw resulted in substantial CO2 production (122.66 mg C kg⁻¹). When cumulative C mineralization was modeled using first-order and second-order kinetic equations, cow dung manure showed the highest mineralization rates and maize straw the lowest due to its high lignin content. The first-order model effectively characterized long-term C mineralization dynamics, showing the strong R² values between 0.9198 and 0.9864. This study highlights a crucial paradox in soil management: while organic amendments like cow dung enhance short-term nutrient availability. Conversely, amendments like maize straw, despite their lower mineralization rates, foster the formation of stable C pools essential for sustainable soil health, emphasizing the importance of choosing organic amendments based on their long-term objectives for C management and climate change mitigation.
Severe Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation Due to Chordal Rupture Following Blunt Chest Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Karmouchi Hamza , Tlohi Lamiae , Maha Bouziane , Drighil Abdenasser
Published: January 2025

Aims: Tricuspid valve injuries from blunt chest trauma are rare but can have serious consequences. The incidence of these injuries has significantly increased due to the high rate of road accidents and diagnostic progress. Despite this increase, these injuries continue to be underdiagnosed, which affects the timing and quality of treatment outcomes. The aim of this report is to highlight the importance of early diagnosis and intervention for tricuspid valve injuries, even when symptoms are not immediately evident.
Presentation of Case: We report a case of a 56-year-old male with no significant medical history who developed severe tricuspid regurgitation following a motor vehicle accident. Initially, the patient exhibited no cardiac symptoms and was referred for cardiac evaluation only after a CT CAP (Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis) scan, performed 10 days after the accident, revealed minimal pericardial effusion. Echocardiography revealed severe eccentric tricuspid regurgitation due to anterior leaflet chordal rupture, along with moderate right ventricular dilation. Despite the recommendation for surgical repair, the patient declined surgery due to the absence of symptoms.
Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of considering potential cardiac complications, even when symptoms are not specific. Rapid, accurate diagnosis and early surgical intervention can significantly improve prognosis and reduce long-term cardiac complications.
Physicochemical and Biochemical Changes in Fresh Onion (Allium cepa L., Alliaceae) Bulbs Produced from Four Dry-Seasonal Varieties in Korhogo, Northern Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Koulotioloma Soro , Ysidor Konan N’Guessan , Zadjéhi Koffi Eric-Blanchard , Martial Yao Saraka Didier , Nafan Diarrassouba , Mohamed Cissé
Published: January 2025

Aims: Onions are fresh vegetables whose post-harvest storage life is closely related to the variety and season of production. The study aims to investigate the effect of storage upon the nutrients in fresh onion bulbs for better management of the local onion production.
Study Design: Fresh onion bulbs of four dry season varieties, namely Dayo, Safari, Red Star and Red Jewel, were produced and stored to study variations in physicochemical and biochemical properties during storage.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the experimental site and laboratory of the University Peleforo GON COULIBALY for four (4) months from June to September 2022.
Methodology: Bulbs of all four varieties were bagged after production and stored in a warehouse at ambient conditions. During the storage, the physicochemical and biochemical descriptors in onion samples were assessed at 30 days intervals. The statistical treatment consisted of comparing the means using the ANOVA test, studying the correlation between the parameters analyzed and principal components analysis at the 5% significance level.
Results: The results revealed significant changes of the parameters assessed from the investigation, according to both the storage duration and onion variety (p<0.001). The lipid and protein contents increased from overall onion bulbs during the storage. Dayo and Safari onion bulbs recorded more significant dry matter (11.59 and 13.19g/100g FM) than the Red varieties (9.70 to 11.31 g/100g FM). The total polyphenols content also increased in Red Star onion bulbs from 43.86 to 53.62 mg/100g FM at day 120 but decreased from the other onion varieties. According to the Principal Components Analysis, Red Star and Red Jewel onions on days 60, 90 and 120 displayed the highest levels of phenolic compounds.
Conclusion: Dayo and Safari bulbs with greater dry matter rates during storage appear as suitable for storage. Nevertheless, the polyphenols profiles increased from the Red Star and Red Jewel onions and are also appreciable. Data on production potential and post-harvest losses could better guide variety selection.
Effect of Organically Grown Cropping Systems on Soil Properties and their Correlation with Carbon Pools
Authors: Mankar Ekta Pramod , Konde N. M. , Gawande Yugraj Dharmaraj
Published: January 2025

Organic agriculture is gaining significance for its benefits in crop diversity, sustainability, and soil organic carbon enhancement. Considering these advantages, a study was conducted during Kharif 2021-22 at the Research Farm, Centre for Organic Agriculture Research and Training, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the effect of organically grown cropping systems on soil organic carbon dynamics and soil properties in vertisols. The experiment, laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD), included seven treatments: T1 (sole Cotton), T2 (Cotton + Sunhemp, 2:1), T3 (Cotton + Blackgram, 2:1), T4 (Soybean + Pigeonpea, 3:1), T5 (Blackgram - Chickpea), T6 (Greengram + Sorghum, 2:1), and T7 (sole Sunhemp), replicated three times. Nutrients were supplied through FYM and vermicompost (50% N each), with phosphorus supplemented by Phosphate Rich Organic Manure (PROM). Results indicated that the T2: Cotton + Sunhemp system recorded the lowest bulk density (1.42 Mg m-3), highest hydraulic conductivity (0.76 cm hr-1), and mean weight diameter (0.73 mm), reflecting improved soil structure. Also, soil pH (8.04-8.11) and electrical conductivity (0.13-0.15 dS m-1) decreased compared to initial values (8.12 and 0.16 dS m-1). The T2: Cotton + Sunhemp system also showed significant improvement in soil organic carbon (6.09 g kg-¹) and reduction in calcium carbonate 3.69% to 3.48%. Nutrient availability was significantly highest in the T4: Soybean + Pigeonpea system, with available nitrogen (209.27 kg ha-1), phosphorus (22.28 kg ha-1), and potassium (354.26 kg ha-1). CO2 evolution (35.4 mg 100 g-1 soil) and Dehydrogenase activity (47.66 μg TPF g-1 24 hr-1) was significantly highest in T2: Cotton + Sunhemp system. The T2: Cotton + Sunhemp system also showed the highest organic carbon (6.09 g kg-1), with very labile C (4.04 g kg-1), labile C (1.29 g kg-1), and less labile C (0.93 g kg-1) being highest in surface soil (0-20 cm). Non-labile C (5.13 g kg-1) was highest in T1: sole Cotton. Correlation analysis highlighted the importance of organic carbon, showing positive relationships with hydraulic conductivity, mean weight diameter, CO2 evolution, and dehydrogenase activity, while negatively correlating with bulk density and calcium carbonate. The study concludes that organically grown cropping systems, particularly T2: Cotton + Sunhemp system, significantly enhance soil health, carbon sequestration, and nutrient availability, supporting sustainable agriculture.
Assessment of Heat Stress on Human Physiology, Thermal and Physical Discomfort of Male Farm Worker
Authors: Patil Prithviraj , Mehta A. K. , Palve Sukanya , Mane Omkar , Dhumal Shiwani , Patil Tejaswini
Published: January 2025

India is characterized by strong temperature variations in different seasons ranging from mean temperature of about 10°C in winter to about 32 °C in summer season. The temperatures start to increase all over the country in March and by April; the interior parts of the peninsula record mean daily temperatures of 30-35 °C. Heat stress is a condition that is caused by worker’s over-exposure to the high temperature work environments often found in outdoor agriculture operations. Workers should be informed of the nature of heat stress and its adverse effects as well as the protective measures provided in the workplace. This operation was performed by traditionally used manually operated sickle, when the average dry bulb temperature was above 32°C which caused the heat stress during the work because of high humidity in the field. Head temperature, forehead temperature, oral temperature, left lower hand temperature, middle left-hand temperature, upper right-hand temperature, left upper chest temperature, right scapula temperature, left calf temperature and right anterior thigh temperature were measured to assess the effect of environmental heat direct sun radiation on selected farm workers during both the agricultural operations. To assess the effect of heat on the human body, physiological parameters like heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Thermal parameters like oral, head, left lower hand, middle left hand, upper right hand, left upper chest, right scapula, left calf, right anterior thigh, mean skin temperatures of farm workers increased with increase in WBGT due to heat stress.