bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The increased number of osteoblasts and capillaries in orthodontic tooth movement post-administration of Robusta coffee extract
Authors: Herniyati H.
Published: November 2017

Background: The application of orthodontic forces subjects blood capillaries to considerable pressure, resulting in hypoxia on the pressure side. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), expressed in osteoblasts represents an important mitogen that induces angiogenesis. Osteoblasts and blood capillaries play an important role in bone formation. Robusta coffee contains chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid both of which produce antioxidant effects capable of reducing oxidative stress in osteoblasts. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of Robusta coffee extract on the number of osteoblasts and blood capillaries in orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: This research constituted a laboratory-based experimental study involving the use of sixteen male rodents divided into two groups, namely; control group (C) consisting of eight mice given orthodontic mechanical force (OMF) and a treatment group (T) containing eight mice administered OMF and dried Robusta coffee extract at a dose of 20mg/ 100 g BW. The OMF was performed by installing a ligature wire on the maxillary right first molar and both maxillary incisors. In the following stage, the maxillary right first molar was moved to the mesial using Tension Gauze with a Nickel Titanium Orthodontic closed coil spring. Observation was subsequently undertaken on the 15th day by extracting the maxillary right first and second molar with their periodontal tissues. Thereafter, histological examination was performed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining technique to measure the number of osteoblasts and blood capillaries on the mesial and distal periodontal ligaments of the maxillary right first molar. Results: The administration of Robusta coffee extract increases the number of blood capillaries and osteoblasts on both the pressure and tension sides were found to be significantly higher in the T group compared to the C group (p<0,05). Conclusion: Robusta coffee extract increase the number of osteoblasts and blood capillaries, thereby playing a role in improving the alveolar bone remodeling process in orthodontic tooth movement.
The inhibition of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase enzyme activity by mangosteen pericarp extract
Authors: Pribadi Nirawati , Yonas Yovita , Saraswati Widya
Published: November 2017

Background: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a bacterium that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Streptococcus mutans produces the glucosyltransferase enzyme which is capable of catalyzing glucan synthesis in the progression of dental caries. Certain treatments involving traditional plant use have been developed to eradicate Streptococcus mutans as a means of preventing the formation of dental caries. One of these is mangosteen pericarp extract containing a number of polyphenols that have the capacity to act as antibacterial agents, namely; tannin, mangostin, and flavonoid. Purpose: The research aimed to investigate the inhibitory power of mangosteen pericarp extract against Streptococcus mutans producing the glucosyltransferase enzyme. Methods: The research used mangosteen pericarp extract at concentrations of 0.39% and 0.78% as the treatments, while 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate was used as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. Each group consisted of six samples. Mangosteen peels extracted with 96% ethanol (maceration method) and mangosteen extract constituted 5% of the total weight of the mangosteen pericarp. Supernatant containing Gtf enzyme produced from a culture medium and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes at 4o C. Glucosyltransferase enzyme activity was measured by analyzing the extensive fructose area by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The extensive fructose area was determined according to time retention in each group. Results: Mangosteen peel extract at concentrations of 0.39% and 0.78% demonstrated greater ability than the negative control group (sterile aquades) and similar ability to the positive group (chlorhexidine 0.12%) to inhibit the activity of the Gtf enzyme or S. mutans bacteria. Conclusion: Mangosteen pericarp extract has the ability to inhibit the activity of Streptococcus mutans in producing glucosyltransferase enzyme.
Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea en sujetos inactivos, practicantes de spinning y ciclistas aficionados
Authors: Munguia-Izquierdo Diego
Published: November 2017

Introducción: existe información limitada sobre la relación entre la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea (ADM) y la práctica deportiva.Objetivo: evaluar la influencia sobre la ADM de la práctica deportiva en bicicleta, volumen de entrenamiento y participación en retos de elevada exigencia.Material y métodos: se evaluó en mayo la ADM con el cuestionario MEDAS en 785 (84 mujeres) ciclistas aficionados (volumen: ≥7 h/sem), 514 (224 mujeres) practicantes de spinning (volumen: 2-6 h/sem) y 718 (411 mujeres) inactivos. Alta ADM fue definida con valores ≥9. Los ciclistas participaron en mayo-junio en un evento de carretera (≥100 km) o montaña (≥45 km). 359 ciclistas y 148 inactivos accedieron a ser evaluados en noviembre, fuera de temporada ciclista.Resultados: un 40% de sujetos evidenció alta ADM. En ambos sexos, los deportistas mostraron mayor ADM que los inactivos, con los mejores índices para los grupos de ciclistas (p = 0.000). La relación entre ADM y volumen de entrenamiento fue débil (hombres: r = 0.137, mujeres: r = 0.173; p = 0.000). La ADM de los ciclistas disminuyó de mayo a noviembre (p = 0.000) sin cambios significativos en los sujetos inactivos (p = 0.535).Conclusiones: la práctica deportiva en bicicleta se asocia con una mayor ADM con limitada influencia del volumen de entrenamiento y con efectos positivos transitorios de la participación en un evento ciclista de resistencia. Estos factores deben ser considerados por los profesionales de la salud y las instituciones, pero son insuficientes para que la mayoría de la población evidencie alta ADM.
Síntomas depresivos y niveles séricos de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 y omega-6 en universitarios del norte de México
Authors: Vargas Maria Rubi , Terrazas-Medina Efraín Alonso , Leyva-López Ahideé Guadalupe , Peralta-Peña Sandra Lidia , Cupul-Uicab Lea Aurora
Published: November 2017

Introducción: Estudios previos sugieren que un bajo consumo de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) omega-3 y razón omega-6/omega-3 alta, así como niveles séricos bajos se asocian con trastornos depresivos, sin embargo, los resultados no son concluyentes.Objetivos: Evaluar los niveles séricos de AGPI omega-3 (ácido eicosapentaenoico [EPA], docosahexaenoico [DHA], alfalinolenico [ALA]) y la razón omega-6 (ácido araquidónico [AA])/EPA en relación a los síntomas depresivos en universitarios del Norte de México. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal que incluyó 60 participantes (18 a 24 años de edad) de ambos sexos, con determinaciones séricas de EPA, DHA, ALA y AA quienes respondieron la escala de depresión del Centro de Estudio Epidemiológicos (CES-D) validada para estudiantes mexicanos. La relación de los AGPI omega-3 y omega-6 con los síntomas depresivos se evaluó con modelos de regresión lineal.Resultados: Los niveles séricos de EPA, DHA y razón EPA/DHA no se correlacionaron con síntomas depresivos, un incremento en ALA sérico se correlacionó con menos síntomas depresivos antes y después de ajustar por confusores; sin embargo, los resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos. En mujeres, la escala CES-D incrementó 5.5 puntos (p = 0.57) por 1% de incremento en EPA y disminuyó 6.7 puntos (p = 0.39) por 1% de incremento en ALA. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados no confirman la asociación entre los niveles séricos de AGPI omega-3 y razón omega-6/omega-3 con síntomas depresivos; la correlación negativa del nivel sérico de ALA con síntomas depresivos necesita ser confirmada en estudios de seguimiento.
Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria en España 2016; informe del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria NADYA
Authors: Wanden-Berghe Lozano Carmina
Published: November 2017

ResumenObjetivo: Comunicar los datos de NPD obtenidos del registro del grupo NADYA-SENPE (www.nadya-senpe.com) del año 2016.Material y métodos: Análisis descriptivo de los datos recogidos de pacientes adultos y pediátricos con NPD en el registro NADYA-SENPE desde el 1 de enero  al 31 de diciembre de 2016.Resultados: Se registraron 286 pacientes (54,2% mujeres), 34 niños y 252 adultos, procedentes de 42 hospitales españoles  con 294 episodios, lo que representa una tasa de prevalencia de 6,16 pacientes/millón de habitantes/ año 2016. El diagnóstico más frecuente en adultos fue “oncológico paliativo” (25,8%), seguido de “otros”. En niños fue “alteraciones de la motilidad” con 6 casos (17,6%), la enfermedad de Hirschsprung  y la enterocolitis necrotizante, ambos con 5 niños  (14,7%). El primer motivo de indicación fue síndrome de intestino corto tanto en niños (64,7%) como en adultos (37,3%), seguido de obstrucción intestinal, 28,6% en adultos y 14,7% en niños. El tipo de catéter más utilizado fue el tunelizado tanto en niños (70,6%) cómo en adultos (37,9%) y la complicación más frecuente en adultos fue la infección relacionada con el catéter que presentó una tasa de 0,48 infecciones/1000 días de NPD. Durante este periodo finalizaron 71 episodios en adultos siendo la causa de finalización principal el fallecimiento (57,7%) y  paso a vía oral (31%).Conclusiones: Se constata un incremento progresivo de centros y profesionales colaboradores en el registro de pacientes que reciben NPD. Las principales indicaciones de NPD y de motivo de finalización se mantienen estables.Palabras clave: Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria. Nutrición Parenteral. Soporte nutricional. Cuidados domiciliarios. Registros. Epidemiología.
Maximal Entanglement in High Energy Physics
Authors: Cervera-Lierta Alba , Latorre José , Rojo Juan , Rottoli Luca
Published: November 2017

We analyze how maximal entanglement is generated at the fundamental
level in QED by studying correlations between helicity states in
tree-level scattering processes at high energy. We demonstrate that two
mechanisms for the generation of maximal entanglement are at work:
i)ss-channel
processes where the virtual photon carries equal overlaps of the
helicities of the final state particles, and ii) the
indistinguishable superposition between tt-
and uu-channels.
We then study whether requiring maximal entanglement
constrains the coupling structure of QED and the weak interactions. In
the case of photon-electron interactions unconstrained by gauge
symmetry, we show how this requirement allows to reproduce QED. For
ZZ-mediated
weak scattering, the maximal entanglement principle leads to non-trivial
predictions for the value of the weak mixing angle
\theta_WθW.
Our results are a first step towards understanding the connections
between maximal entanglement and the fundamental symmetries of high-energy physics.
A systematic literature review of the enabling environment elements to improve implementation of water safety plans in high-income countries
Authors: Baum Rachel , Bartram Jamie
Published: November 2017

Effective risk management helps ensure safe drinking water and protect public health. Even in high-income countries, risk management sometimes fails and waterborne disease, including outbreaks, occur. To help reduce waterborne disease, the WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality recommend water safety plans (WSPs), a systematic preventive risk management strategy applied from catchment to consumer. Since the introduction of WSPs, international guidelines, national and state legislation, and local practices have facilitated their implementation. While various high-income OECD countries have documented successes in improving drinking water safety through implementing WSPs, others have little experience. This review synthesizes the elements of the enabling environment that promoted the implementation of WSPs in high-income countries. We show that guidelines, regulations, tools and resources, public health support, and context-specific evidence of the feasibility and benefits of WSPs are elements of the enabling environment that encourage adoption and implementation of WSPs in high-income countries. These findings contribute to understanding the ways in which to increase the uptake and extent of WSPs throughout high-income countries to help improve public health.
Evidence-based decision-making on water quality in domestic water supply in Malawi, Ecuador, and Brazil
Authors: Amjad Urooj Quezon , Dalcanale Fernanda , Kayser Georgia , Bentley Peggy , Bartram Jamie
Published: November 2017

Scholars and practitioners advocate evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) because facts lead to beneficial outcomes. At the same time, EBDM to reduce risks in water quality is under-studied. We examine types of decision-making by water utilities and government agencies, and the nature and origin of evidence available to them in their work on delivering safe drinking water to households. Using qualitative content analysis, we comparatively analyze water utilities and government agencies in Malawi, Ecuador, and Brazil. The results show that the water utilities perform combinations of decision-making types on water quality such as implementation, intelligence-gathering, and evaluation and choice, while government agencies perform more intelligence gathering. Sources and types of information are mainly water consumers, guidelines for water quality standards, and self-monitoring from water utilities. The analysis is useful in establishing a foundation for developing evidence-based management within water supply services, and potentially other water resources management activities.
Emergency operation rules for water-supply reservoirs under uncertainty and risk in dry seasons
Authors: Liu Bojun , Wang Hao , Lei Xiaohui , Liu Zhengsheng , Quan Jin
Published: November 2017

A better understanding of the forecast uncertainties and risks resulting from potential droughts and sudden water pollution is important in reservoir operations. In this study, we formulated water supply uncertainties and then evaluated risks related to droughts and sudden water pollution. A case study was then performed with the Danjiangkou Reservoir and emergency operation rules were proposed for water supply in dry seasons through the trial and error method. The results show that the reservoir inflow and water pollution location have a significant effect on emergency operations for water supply. However, insufficient reservoir inflow can make the situation worse, resulting in a reduction or even cessation of water supply and consequently enormous economic losses. The water supply problem could be alleviated to some extent with the increase of distance between the pollution location and the reservoir release gate. The proposed emergency operation rules considering forecast uncertainties and risks resulting from potential droughts and sudden water pollution may provide important insights into reservoir water supply in dry seasons.
Influence of vegetation type and temperature on the performance of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal
Authors: Zhu Hui , Zhou Qing-wei , Yan Bai-xing , Liang Yin-xiu , Yu Xiang-fei , Gerchman Yoram , Cheng Xian-wei
Published: November 2017

In this study, the influence of vegetation type and environmental temperature on performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) was investigated. Results of vegetation types indicated that the removal of most nutrients in polyculture was greater than those in monoculture and unplanted control. The greatest removal percentages of NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in polyculture were 98.7%, 98.5%, and 92.6%, respectively. In experiments of different temperatures, the removal percentages of NH4+-N, NO3−-N, TN and TP in all CWs tended to decrease with the decline of temperature. Especially, a sharp decline in the removal percentages of NO3−-N (decreased by above 13.8%) and TN (decreased by above 7.9%) of all CWs was observed at low temperature (average temperature of 8.9 °C). Overall, the performance of CWs was obviously influenced by temperature, and the polyculture still showed best performance in the removal of nitrogen when the average temperature dropped to 19.8 °C. Additionally, the variations of urease activities in rhizosphere soil tended to decrease with the decreasing temperature. Overall, a substantial enhancement for nitrogen and TP removal in polyculture (Canna indica + Lythrum salicaria) was observed. In conclusion, CW cultivated with polyculture was a good strategy for enhancing nutrient removal when temperature was above 19.8 °C.
Release of hydrogen sulfide under intermittent flow conditions – the potential of simulation models
Authors: Matias Natércia , Matos Rita , Ferreira Filipa , Vollertsen Jes , Matos José Saldanha
Published: November 2017

For engineering purposes it is especially useful to be able to predict and control sewer corrosion rates and odor impacts as well as to design effective measures aiming to reduce effects related to hydrogen sulfide formation and release. Doing so, it is important to use modeling tools that are capable of assessing variations of dissolved oxygen, dissolved sulfide and hydrogen sulfide gas concentrations for a wide range of environmental scenarios. Two such models were assessed: AEROSEPT, an empirical formulation, and WATS, a conceptual and more complex approach. The models were applied to evaluate the effects of transitions between pressure mains and gravity sewers in the air–liquid mass transfer of hydrogen sulfide at the Ericeira sewer system in Portugal. This network is known to have odor and corrosion problems, especially during summer. Despite the unavoidable uncertainties due to the unsteady flow rate and the quantification of air velocity and turbulence, the simulation results obtained with both models have been shown to adequately predict the overall behavior of the system.
The Effects of “VelaMente?!” Project on Social Functioning of People With Severe Psychosocial Disabilities
Authors: Sancassiani Federica , Lorrai Stefano , Cossu Giulia , Cocco Alessio , Trincas Giuseppina , Floris Francesca , Mellino Gisa , Machado Sergio , Nardi Antonio Egidio , Fabrici Elisabetta Pascolo , Preti Antonio , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: November 2017

Introduction:

Physical activity helps to improve several clinical outcomes of people with severe psychosocial disabilities. The aims of this study were; 1) to assess the efficacy of a psychosocial rehabilitative intervention focused on sailing in a crew on: a) social functioning; b) severity of the psychosocial disability; c) general functioning; d) dysregulation of biorhythms of people with severe psychosocial disabilities, and 2) to evaluate the attenders’ satisfaction about the project.

Methods:

A randomized waitlist controlled trial with parallel groups was carried out involving 51 people with severe psychosocial disabilities. The intervention was a 3 months-lasting course to learn sailing in a crew. Just after the randomization, a group began the sailing course and the other group (wait list) attended the sailing course after 3 months of treatments as usual. Before and after the sailing course, as well as the waiting list period, all attenders were assessed by HoNOS, GAF, CGI-S and BRIAN. At the end of the sailing course, they completed also a self-report satisfaction questionnaire.

Results:

Social functioning significantly improved after the sailing course (HoNOS total score “time X group”: p=0.011), mainly because of the improvement of psychopathological symptoms (HoNOS symptoms score “time X group”: p=0.003). Furthermore, participants greatly appreciated the rehabilitative program based on sailing in a crew.

Conclusions:

When compared to more traditional rehabilitative activities that are usually carried out in mental health services, a psychosocial rehabilitative intervention based on sailing in a crew significantly improve the social functioning of people with severe psychosocial disabilities.
Extent and Pattern of Seed Setting in Faba Bean under Self and Open Pollination Arrangement and its influence on Seed Production
Authors: SINGH ANIL KUMAR , YASIN JESHIMA KHAN , KUMAR RAKESH , SUNDARAM P. K.
Published: November 2017

Faba bean ischeapest sources of protein and other nutrients including minerals, cool season legume crop. To know the magnitude of cross-pollination, an experiment was conducted with seven genotypes, under control/self and open-pollinated condition at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region Patna during cool seasons 2016-17. Experiments on faba bean are being regularly conducting since thecool season of 2007-08. Results revealed that seed yield and yield attributing traits has been reduced under thecontrolled/self-pollinating condition as compare to open/cross-pollinated condition, though the reduction was not same for all tested genotypes. The magnitude of yield reduction was in the range of 13.3 to 41.7 percent. Harvest Index was also gets diminished from maximum 49.2 to 21.7% with reduction of minimum 37.8 % to maximum 50.7%. It was also observed that honey bee (Apismellifera)was the major pollinator bee. Results clearly indicate that apoides play a decisive role in therealization of potential yield by the cross-pollination mechanism of allogamesfaba bean.
Utilizing Consumer Technology (Apple�s ResearchKit) for Medical Studies by Patients and Researchers: Proof of Concept of the Novel Platform REach (Preprint)
Authors: van Gelder Marleen MHJ , Engelen Lucien JLPG , Sondag Thijs , van de Belt Tom H
Published: November 2017

UNSTRUCTURED

Medical research suffers from declining response rates, hampering the quest for answers to clinically relevant research questions. Furthermore, objective data on a number of important study variables, such as physical activity, sleep, and nutrition, are difficult to collect with the traditional methods of data collection. Reassuringly, current technological developments could overcome these limitations. In addition, they may enable research being established by patients themselves provided that they have access to a user-friendly platform. Using the features of Apple's ResearchKit, an informed consent procedure, questionnaire, linkage with HealthKit data, and “active tasks” may be administered through a publicly available app. However, ResearchKit requires programming skills, which many patients and researchers lack. Therefore, we developed a platform (REach) with drag and drop functionalities producing a ready-to-use code that can be embedded in existing or new apps. Participants in the pilot study were very satisfied with data collection through REach and measurement error was minimal. In the era of declining participation rates in observational studies and patient involvement, new methods of data collection, such as REach, are essential to ensure that clinically relevant research questions are validly answered. Due to linkage with HealthKit and active tasks, objective health data that are impossible to collect with the traditional methods of data collection can easily be collected.
Engagement With a Trauma Recovery Internet Intervention Explained With the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA): Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yeager Carolyn M , Shoji Kotaro , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Benight Charles C
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

There has been a growing trend in the delivery of mental health treatment via technology (ie, electronic health, eHealth). However, engagement with eHealth interventions is a concern, and theoretically based research in this area is sparse. Factors that influence engagement are poorly understood, especially in trauma survivors with symptoms of posttraumatic stress.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine engagement with a trauma recovery eHealth intervention using the Health Action Process Approach theoretical model. Outcome expectancy, perceived need, pretreatment self-efficacy, and trauma symptoms influence the formation of intentions (motivational phase), followed by planning, which mediates the translation of intentions into engagement (volitional phase). We hypothesized the mediational effect of planning would be moderated by level of treatment self-efficacy.

METHODS

Trauma survivors from around the United States used the eHealth intervention for 2 weeks. We collected baseline demographic, social cognitive predictors, and distress symptoms and measured engagement subjectively and objectively throughout the intervention.

RESULTS

The motivational phase model explained 48% of the variance, and outcome expectations (beta=.36), perceived need (beta=.32), pretreatment self-efficacy (beta=.13), and trauma symptoms (beta=.21) were significant predictors of intention (N=440). In the volitional phase, results of the moderated mediation model indicated for low levels of treatment self-efficacy, planning mediated the effects of intention on levels of engagement (B=0.89, 95% CI 0.143-2.605; N=115).

CONCLUSIONS

Though many factors can affect engagement, these results offer a theoretical framework for understanding engagement with an eHealth intervention. This study highlighted the importance of perceived need, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and baseline distress symptoms in the formation of intentions to use the intervention. For those low in treatment self-efficacy, planning may play an important role in the translation of intentions into engagement. Results of this study may help bring some clarification to the question of what makes eHealth interventions work.
Book Review Template
Authors: Crandell Otis
Published: November 2017

MS Word template for book reviews (specifically for Volume 3, Number 1).Length: maximum two pages (including the title, cover image, and first page footer)NOTES:Book reviews should include an overall summary of the book as well as chapter summaries. The author should note the highlights or special aspects of this book. We particularly encourage reviews of books that are not in English as this helps disseminate information that readers in other countries may not otherwise know about.Authors must declare whether they have reviewed the same book for another journal, and if so they should send us a copy of the other review. This declaration should be made before requesting to be assigned a book review. JLS might publish a book review which the reviewer has already reviewed for another journal if the new review is significantly different from the previous one and either it is a general book of importance to lithic researchers as a whole or the original review was published in a way which limits its dissemination (grey literature, small or regional publication, print only publication, in other language, self-published). The editors of the journal will decide on a case-by-case basis. If someone intends to review a book for us which they have already reviewed, they are advised to let us know about the situation before writing the review.
Descriptions of Summary Articles
Authors: Crandell Otis
Published: November 2017

A description of summary articles for authors to use while organising their paper.These articles present an overview of a particular topic or sub-field with a connection to lithics research. This may be lithics research in a particular country or region. It may also be a historical overview of a topic (e.g. historical perspective of a prehistoric technology, or historical overview of a particular theory), or it may be a summary of knowledge about a lithic material itself or a scientific method. In general, these articles should include an overview of the history of the topic (e.g. history of lithics research in the region) as well as an overview of the current research being done on the topic. They should contain a large bibliography so that readers can use the articles as a starting point for finding references. The author should indicate recommended references.Recommended word limit: 4000 words.
Raw material sources of knapped stone tools from the excavation of the Early Bronze Age site at Toumba Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Karageorgiou Stamatia , Kostaki Aikaterini , Vavelidis Michail , Andreou Stelios
Published: November 2017

This study investigates the origin of the lithic findings from the prehistoric site at Toumba, Thessaloniki in Greece, during the Early Bronze Age (EBA). The artefacts from the excavation were studied in order to compare the raw materials utilized for the manufacture of these tools with the geological occurrences of the corresponding materials in the broader region. This research provides evidence for the provenance of these materials and consequently some insight into the socioeconomic system of the settlement. For this reason, samples of siliceous sediments were chosen from regions with similar geological formations, such as Vasilika and Galatista. Apart from macroscopic examination, both archaeological and petrographic, microscopic examination was also applied in order to identify the microstructure and the mineralogical context, and finally geochemical study by ICP-MS analysis and XRF spectrometry for determining the major, trace and rare earth element concentrations. The comparison of these features with the archaeological features reveals that during the Early Bronze Age there was possibly a relation between Toumba inhabitants and the regions of Vasilika and Galatista for the procurement of chert. The petrographic examination of the lithic findings shows whether the tools are manufactured in the settlement or if there is an import of tools from other sites.
The Monegros-type chert: Petrographic characterization and prehistoric use
Authors: García-Simón Luis Miguel , Domingo Rafael
Published: November 2017

In recent years, allusions to exploitation of a so-called “Monegros-type” chert have been a commonplace in archaeological literature, mostly in Iberia but also in southern France. It has been also a routine that these references did not include a true petrographic characterization, being mere de visu descriptions of those products.This work presents, for the first time, macro and microscopic characterizations of some of the most outstanding chert outcrops located in the Middle Ebro Basin. There, tertiary limestone sediments that form the top part of the flat plateau reliefs hold great quantities of chert nodules. The noteworthy erosive processes that have affected this area have facilitated the gathering of those cherts: they are easy to find either in their original location, still embedded in the limestone layers, or in secondary position along the enormous glacis that connect those flat reliefs to the river terraces. Two main flint varieties have been defined: Monegros and Evaporitic of Ebro. Both were originated in continental lacustrine environments. They are fine-grained and offer excellent knapping possibilities; hence its common use since prehistoric times to recent semi-industrial exploitations related to 18th century gunflint productions.This paper offers a preliminary study that will be developed in a forthcoming PhD dissertation, but we also include examples of its prehistoric exploitation in the Ebro Basin and abroad.
The marine chert from Las Lezas (Biel, Zaragoza) and its prehistoric exploitation.
Authors: García-Simón Luis Miguel , Domingo Rafael , Montes Lourdes
Published: November 2017

The upper Arba de Biel Basin hosts an interesting archaeological ensemble composed by five sites that were repeatedly occupied by human groups from the Upper Magdalenian until the Chalcolithic (between ca. 15,000 and 4,500 years calBP).This work presents the first results of the petrographic study of the local chert (Las Lezas), as well as a dissection of the different strategies concerning its gathering, management and exploitation in every occupation period. The implications derived from the different contribution of local and exogenous raw materials are exposed in the final section of our work.
Perfil hematológico de caninos recém-nascidos do município de São Luís – Maranhão
Authors: Ribeiro Matheus , Quirino Matheus Moreira , Alves Juliana da Silva , Sampaio Walterlana Sousa , Barros Ellis de Sousa , Chaves Daniel Praseres
Published: November 2017

The pediatrics as a medical clinical specialty of small animals has been increasing as the pet market grows, requiring new management techniques and better results. Newborns are a special challenge in veterinary therapy due to differences they present when compared to adult dogs. In order to determine a therapeutic protocol for a patient, it must be known their health condition, physiology and characteristics. Commonly veterinarians feel technically unprepared towards newborns, because this specialty is not part of the curriculum in most veterinary schools of our country. A complete blood count is an important tool that assists in directing clinical diagnosis, since it reflects the animal health status at the time of collection. It allows assessing whether there are changes in blood components of the animal body, and checking the organism’s defense response to any threat. Rottweiler, Poodle, Labrador and Shi Tzu breeds were selected for the study, The objective of this study is to provide grants to veterinarians who constantly in their work routine have contact with this age group and also to encourage further research into the consolidation area. This study demonstrated similarities between the results obtained and the hematological reference values available in the world literature.
Literatura, cultura e construção de identidades: o velho e o novo, o campo e a cidade em Mia Couto
Authors: Baseio Maria Auxiliadora Fontana , Silva Lourdes Ana Pereira
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as questões que envolvem a construção da cultura e da identidade a partir das inter-relações velho/novo, campo/cidade. O contexto mais amplo da problematização é a negociação que se estabelece na relação entre velho e cidade na literatura moçambicana e que elege por objeto de análise o conto do autor Mia Couto intitulado “A avó, a cidade e o semáforo”. Metodologicamente, este trabalho é de natureza bibliográfica e tem por principais categorias de observação e análise a cidade e o velho em suas implicações com o conceito de identidade. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2017n19a405
Os sentidos e os não sentidos da língua portuguesa: questões de língua e linguagem nos contos de Mia Couto
Authors: Silva Maurício
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo trata da produção ficcional de Mia Couto, em especial seus contos, analisando o modo como o autor moçambicano trabalha em seus textos questões relacionadas à língua e à linguagem, além de vincularmos tais questões às teorias do pós-colonialismo. Para Mia Couto, o processo de colonização impõe ao colonizado um outro modo de falar, que corresponde a uma outra língua. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2017n19a424
Digitale forbindelser og nye fornemmelser. Et etnografisk studie af Facebook
Authors: Charlotte Schiøtz Nina , Bo Schmidt Sophie
Published: November 2017

Artiklen bygger på en undersøgelse af den sociale netværkstjeneste Facebook, som vi foretog i efteråret 2008 i forbindelse med specialeskrivning på Sociologisk Institut, KU. I nærværende artikel argumenterer vi først og fremmest for, at Aktør-Netværk-Teorien kan være et givtigt sted at starte, når vi skal forstå menneskets samspil med digitale teknologier, og vi vil fremlægge de metodiske udfordringer og muligheder, som et felt som Facebook byder på. Dernæst vil vi give en karakteristik af de nye tekno-sociale praksisser, som vi ser opstå med unges hverdagsbrug af Facebook og vise, hvordan disse praksisser betyder, at mennesker i stigende grad knyttes sammen via fornemmelsen for hinanden.

Søgeord: Sociale netværkstjenester, ANT, sociologi, Facebook, digital etnografi.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Nina Charlotte Schiøtz and Sophie Bo Schmidt:
Digital Connections and New Awareness: An Ethnograhpic Study of Facebook

This article explores the characteristics of the new kinds of social ties between people that are emerging with the use of Social Network Sites. The article builds on the results of an ethnographic study of young Danish Facebook users in late 2008. First we argue that Actor Network Theory is a useful strand of theory for studying technological phenomena. Then we describe two general techno-social practices that emerge from users’ engagement with Facebook. Finally, we argue that the substance of the social relations that emerges with the use of Social Network Sites is relations of awareness. This form of connectedness does not replace traditional social relations, but is rather a new dimension in the way people relate and make ties in society today.

Key words: Social Network Sites, SNS, Facebook, ANT, sociology, digital ethnography.
Digitale medier og magt i undervisningen
Authors: Tække Jesper , Paulsen Michael
Published: November 2017

I artiklen præsenteres en mediesociologisk analyse af, hvordan magtrelationerne mellem lærere og elever former sig, når de formidles gennem digitale netværksmedier. Empirisk tages der afsæt i tre cases hentet fra gymnasial undervisning. Den tese, der forsvares i artiklen er, at magtrelationerne dekonstrueres i den aktuelle undervisning, men at dette hverken sker på en entydig, deterministisk eller for undervisningen totalt opløsende måde. Der argumenteres for, at den samfundsmæssige undervisning grundet de digitale medier befinder sig på et evolutionært mutationsstadium, hvor den i relation til magt kommer til udtryk på forskellig vis. Artiklen bidrager til forståelse af processen ved at stille en begrebsramme op og ved gennem de empiriske cases at vise forskellige positioner i forhold til, hvordan magt kommer til udtryk i den nuværende undervisning i danske gymnasieskoler.

Søgeord: Medier, magt, undervisning, interaktion, dekonstruktion.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Jesper Tække and Michael Paulsen: Digital Media and Power in Teaching

This article is a media sociological study of how power relations between teachers and students emerge and vanish with the introduction of wireless network in classroom interactions. The analysis is based on three case studies from Danish upper secondary schools. The argument being defended in the article is that the long-established power relations between teachers and students are deconstructed through interaction with new media, but that the deconstruction does not occur in an unambiguous, deterministic or for teaching totally dissolving way. It is argued that the education system is at a stage of evolutionary mutation because of digital media and wireless networks, where power in teaching evolves in many diff erent ways. This article contributes to understanding the new power relations arising through the use of digital media and wireless networks by providing a conceptual framework and applying
this in a current situation.

Key words: Media, power, education, interaction, deconstruction.
Ældres oplevelse af at modtage hjælp
Authors: Monrad Merete
Published: November 2017

Selv om afhængighed af hjælp udgør en afgørende forandring af ældres livs-omstændigheder, er der forbavsende få studier, der belyser hjælp og omsorg fra modtagerens perspektiv. I denne artikel analyseres de følelsesmæssige belastninger, ældre oplever, knyttet til modtagelsen af hjælp. En væsentlig konklusion er, at de ældres oplevelser af hjælp som en belastning skyldes at hjælpen udfordrer deres selv. Der argumenteres for, at selvet i denne sammenhæng ikke må forstås situationelt og synkront, men snarere narrativt og diakront. De belastninger, de ældre oplever, er således ikke snævert knyttet til omsorgsinteraktionen, men skyldes mere gennemgribende udfordringer af et selv, der rækker langt tilbage i den ældres fortid. Der argumenteres således for, at ældre omsorgsmodtageres oplevelse af at modtage hjælp må forstås ud fra deres livshistorie og de aktiviteter, der har været definerende for, hvem de er. Organiseringen af den danske hjemmehjælp diskuteres i lyset af de ældres oplevelser, og det konkluderes, at den nuværende taylorisering kan være med til at forstærke de udfordringer af selvet, de ældre oplever. Dette skyldes blandt andet, at standardiseringen underkender forskellene i de ældres livshistorisk betingede behov og hensætter de ældre i en følelse af afmagt.

Søgeord: Omsorg, omsorgsmodtager, aldring, narrativt selv, hjemmehjælp, standardisering.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Merete Monrad: The Experience of Older People in Receiving
Formal Home Help

Even though dependency on care constitutes a significant change in elderly people’s lives, there are surprisingly few studies that examine care from the perspective of the care recipient. This article analyses the emotional strain experienced by elderly people due to receipt of formal home care. A major finding is that elderly people’s experiences of strain can be understood in light of challenges to their selves. It is argued that the self here must not be understood as situational and synchronic, but rather narrative and diachronic. The strain experienced by elderly people is thus not related to interaction in the care situation, but is due to more radical challenges to a self that extends far back in the person’s past. Elderly care recipients’ experience of receiving care must be understood through the lens of their life story and through the activities that have been signifi cant for them. The organization of the Danish public home care system is discussed in light of the experiences of elderly people. It concludes that the current taylorization of this system may reinforce challenges to the self experienced by elderly people.

Key words: Care, care recipient, aging, narrative self, home care, standardization
”Giv mig en økonom, og jeg skal rejse et marked?” Om fagøkonomiens performativitet og konstruktionen af et globalt marked for mikrofinans
Authors: Folke Lasse , Sevelsted Anders
Published: November 2017

Denne artikel argumenter for, at Callon og MacKenzies teorier om økonomisk performativitet bidrager til at forstå dels centrale sociale dynamikker på markeder, som i stigende grad får en teknisk-videnskabelig karakter, og dels hvordan økonomer bidrager til at konstruere sådanne. Artiklen introducerer centrale begreber og påstande fra de to forfattere og tester disse i en analyse af, hvordan et globalt marked for mikrofinans er blevet skabt. Analysen viser, at selvom økonomer og økonomisk teori spillede en vigtig rolle i konstruktionen af dette marked, så forblev den performative funktion for den generelt accepterede teori om mikrofinans legitimerende og lingvistisk. Markedet var først og fremmest en politisk konstruktion, drevet af Verdensbanken i et forsøg på at skabe kommercielle mikrofinansinstitutioner. Alligevel fik dele af den neoklassiske teori om ”det effektive marked” dog en effektiv funktion i etableringen af markedet, dvs. greb ind i de selvsamme økonomiske processer, som teorien henviser til. Sidst i artiklen fremhæves og diskuteres en række svagheder ved Callon og MacKenzies performativitetsteorier.

Søgeord: Performativitet, finansiel sociologi, Callon, Mackenzie, mikrofinans.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Lasse Folke and Anders Sevelsted: ”Give Me an Economist and I’ll Raise a Market?” On Professional Economists’ Performativity and The Construction of a Global Market for Micro-Finance

This paper argues that Callon and MacKenzie’s theories on the performativity of economics contribute to understanding important social dynamics of markets that are increasingly technical; it also contributes to understanding how economists are crucial in constructing them. The theories introduce the authors’ core concepts and claims. They then test these in an analysis of a global market for micro-fi nance. This analysis reveals that, despite the central role of economists in constructing the market, the performative function of the generally accepted theory of micro-fi nance remained merely legitimizing and linguistic. The market was mainly a political construction driven by the World Bank in order to promote commercial micro-fi nance institutions. In this process,
however, the ”effi cient market hypothesis” from neoclassical economics was valuable. The article fi nally discusses a number of weaknesses in using the theory of performativity.

Key words: Performativity, fi nancial sociology, Callon, Mackenzie, micro-finance.
Med Wacquant i det ghettopolitiske felt
Authors: Schultz Larsen Troels
Published: November 2017

De seneste års intensive brug af ordet ”ghetto” i den offentlige og politiske debat stiller det centrale spørgsmål: Giver det sociologisk set mening at anvende begrebet ”ghetto” i en dansk sammenhæng? Med udgangspunkt i en introduktion til den fransk-amerikanske sociolog Loïc Wacquants model for sociospatialle afsondringsprocesser, fokuserer artiklen på de konkrete karakteristika, der kendertegner de omdiskuterede danske boligområder i dag, og på i hvilken grad disse er sammenfaldende med de amerikanske ghettoer, som Wacquant definerer dem. Konkret anvendes Wacquants model som afsæt for en sammenligning af 35 forsømte boligområders karakteristika ved hjælp af en multipel korrespondanceanalyse baseret på 18 variable. Analysen bruges til at skitsere, hvad der mere overordnet karakteriserer de danske forsømte boligområder. På denne baggrund konkluderes det, at til trods for at de amerikanske ghettoer og de danske forsømte boligområder indtager samme position i det (bolig)sociale hierarki og dermed kan betegnes som homologe, er de historisk, socialt, politisk og strukturelt betinget af væsentligt forskellige årsager. Som erstatning for ”ghetto”-begrebet anføres i stedet begrebet ”de forsømte boligområder”, der i højere grad henviser til de planlægningsmæssige og politiske processer, der historisk har ført til koncentrationen af beboere med få ressourcer i specifikke dele af den almennyttige boligsektor.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:

Troels Schultz Larsen: Taking Wacquant into the Dilapidated Urban Area

The recent intense use of the word ghetto in Danish debates raises the question of to what extent it is a proper description of contemporary Danish social reality. Employing the French-American sociologist Loïc Wacquant’s model of socio-spatial seclusion, the article focus on the specific factors that characterize the ”dilapidated” urban areas in Denmark today and the extent to which these coincide with the American ghettos as Wacquant defines them. Wacquant’s model is used to compare 35 ”dilapidated” Danish urban areas using a multiple correspondence analysis based on 18 variables. This analytical comparison is then used to delineate what characterizes Danish ”dilapidated” urban areas. Despite the fact that the American ghettos and the Danish “dilapidated” urban areas occupy homological positions in the social hierarchy, they do so for different historical, social, political and structural reasons. The article presents the Danish concept of ”forsømt” (dilapidated) urban area as a better description of contemporary Danish social reality because it stresses the path dependency of the planning and the political processes that have historically led to the concentration of residents with low resources in specific parts of the social housing sector.