bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-capacity scattering-augmented optical encryption
Authors: Chang Xuyang , Jiang Shaowei , Yang Liming , Zhan Xinrui , Liu Shicong , Li Daoyu , Yan Rong , Gao Zhen , Zheng Guoan , Zhang Jun , Bian Liheng
Published: May 2023

Optical encryption is an emerging technique that uses optical systems to securely encode and decode information for data transmission. In this study, we present an integrated optical encryption platform that consists of a scattering-augmented ptychographic encryption system, a transmission-efficient compressive sampling strategy, and a high-capacity decryption algorithm based on a hybrid model-data driven approach. Our encryption system leverages random light scattering as a physical unclonable function, enabling the encoding of complex object wavefronts with high optical throughput. In contrast to traditional encoders that offer insecure pseudo-randomness, the light scattering process ensures true randomness in the reported platform. To optimize transmission efficiency, we implement a compressive sampling strategy that reduces data transmission volume by at least one order of magnitude. Moreover, we devise a decryption algorithm that merges model-driven optimization with data-driven deep learning, effectively addressing the highly underdetermined retrieval task and providing robust decryption against various measurement noise and communication interference. The efficacy of our system is corroborated by an integrated optical prototype capable of encrypting ten million of pixels within minutes. Communication experiments confirm the resilience of our decryption algorithm, which retrieves high-fidelity results even under extreme transmission conditions characterized by a 20% bit error rate. Our innovative encryption technique presents a comprehensive solution for high-capacity data transmission, fortified by scattering-augmented security.
Proportion of late initiation of Antenatal Care service and its associated factors at govermental health institutions, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia:Institutional based cross sectional study.
Authors: Alemayehu Bezawit Abeje
Published: May 2023

Background: Antenatal care is a care for pregnant women with the aim of preventing, detecting and treating health problems in both the fetus and mother. Late initiation of antenatal care attendance confines early detection and treatment of complications. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of late initiation of antenatal care visit and associated factors among pregnant women.
Methods: Facility based cross sectional study was conducted from April 01 to May 30, 2021 on 612 participants.The study participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data was coded, entered and cleaned in Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical package for social sciences version 23 software for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done. Variables with P<0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in to multivariate logistic regression model and statistical significance was declared at P< 0.05.
Results: In this study proportion of late initiation of antenatal care visit was 42.3 % [95% CI: 38.6 %,46.4 %].Respondents educational status of secondary school [AOR= 12.10, 95% CI: 2.50, 21.32], husbands' educational status of secondary school [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 1.20, 13.78], current health problem [AOR= 2.65, 95% CI: 1.40, 10.04] and awareness about danger signs of pregnancy [AOR=10.1; 95% CI: 5.6, 18.20] were significant factors.
Conclusion: In this study late initiation of antenatal care visit was most important public health issue. Women and their husbands’ educational status, awareness on danger signs of pregnancy and health problem in current pregnancy were significant factors. Responsible bodies should create awareness of danger sign of pregnancy and improve women education by strengthening adult education in the community.
Topical streptomycin irrigation of lesions to prevent postoperative site infections in spinal tuberculosis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: QiangDeng
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Topical streptomycin irrigation of the lesion is now commonly used in spinal tuberculosis surgery to achieve a better anti-tuberculosis treatment outcome. Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications after spinal tuberculosis surgery, yet no definitive report of focal local streptomycin irrigation in postoperative spinal tuberculosis infection has been seen. This study analysed data relating to SSI after surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis with this regimen.
Methods: Sixty-five patients with spinal tuberculosis requiring surgical treatment were divided into two groups, 31 in the observation group and 34 in the control group, according to the presence or absence of intraoperative topical streptomycin irrigation of the lesion. The general data, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, ESR, CRP, time of antibiotic use, total drainage, wound infection rate and secondary debridement rate of the two groups were compared.
Results: The ESR and CRP levels of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at one week postoperatively (p<0.05); the mean length of stay in the observation group was 17.19 ± 2.88 days; significantly lower than that of the control group, which was 19.82 ± 4.03 days (p=0.004); the mean duration of postoperative antibacterial drug use in the observation group was 5.71 ± 1.60 days, significantly lower than that of the control group (7.82 ±1.75) (p<0.001), and 2 cases of SSI occurred in each of the two groups, all of which were treated with debridement surgery and healed, with no statistically significant difference (both p values >0.05).
Conclusion: The use of topical streptomycin irrigation of the lesion during surgical procedures for spinal tuberculosis had no significant effect on the incidence of SSI, however, it helped to control the level of infection in the postoperative period, reducing the average number of days patients stayed in hospital and the length of postoperative antibiotic use.
Nociception and pain in the electroencephalogram
Authors:   , Anders Malte
Published: May 2023

The scope of this thesis is to elaborate on the use cases of the EEG in pain research. It has been submitted as a cumulative dissertation, meaning that the main part of this thesis has been previously published in international peer-reviewed journals. The first part of this thesis begins with an introduction which describes the general methodoligcal considerations and theoretical background information that is needed to perform pain research using the EEG. Then, I will give a summary of the results of all three studies and the subsequently published manuscripts. The discussion will give an outlook on two ongoing projects and elaborate how the methodology that has been compiled throughout my time as a PhD student can be further applied to scientific problems in pain research. I will conclude with the possibilities and the limitations of the EEG in pain research. The second part of this thesis consists of three publications that cover three individual studies, of which I am the lead/first author. These publications describe different use cases for the EEG in pain research. The first publication lays out the methodological backbone of this thesis, analyzing the exact EEG parameters that are needed to achieve the results in the following projects. Then, I present two additional studies. The first study describes the usefulness of pain-related evoked signatures after standardized noxious stimulation in the EEG in patients undergoing general anesthesia. The second study outlines differences in the pain processing of elite endurance athletes versus a normally active control group. Furthermore, it outlines how the function of the endogenous pain modulatory system can be measured in the EEG using CPM. All studys are discussed individually as per the journal guidelines.
Modelling of resistant infections between-host and within-host
Authors:   , Tetteh Josephine Naa Ayeley
Published: May 2023

Antimicrobial resistant infections arise as a consequential response to evolutionary mechanisms within microbes which cause them to be protected from the effects of antimicrobials. The frequent occurrence of resistant infections poses a global public health threat as their control has become challenging despite many efforts. The dynamics of such infections are driven by processes at multiple levels. For a long time, mathematical models have proved valuable for unravelling complex mechanisms in the dynamics of infections. In this thesis, we focus on mathematical approaches to modelling the development and spread of resistant infections at between-host (population-wide) and within-host (individual) levels. Within an individual host, switching between treatments has been identified as one of the methods that can be employed for the gradual eradication of resistant strains on the long term. With this as motivation, we study the problem using dynamical systems and notions from control theory. We present a model based on deterministic logistic differential equations which capture the general dynamics of microbial resistance inside an individual host. Fundamentally, this model describes the spread of resistant infections whilst accounting for evolutionary mutations observed in resistant pathogens and capturing them in mutation matrices. We extend this model to explore the implications of therapy switching from a control theoretic perspective by using switched systems and developing control strategies with the goal of reducing the appearance of drug resistant pathogens within the host. At the between-host level, we use compartmental models to describe the transmission of infection between multiple individuals in a population. In particular, we make a case study of the evolution and spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. So far, vaccination remains a critical component in the eventual solution to this public health crisis. However, as with many other pathogens, vaccine resistant variants of the virus have been a major concern in control efforts by governments and all stakeholders. Using network theory, we investigate the spread and transmission of the disease on social networks by compartmentalising and studying the progression of the disease in each compartment, considering both the original virus strain and one of its highly transmissible vaccine-resistant mutant strains. We investigate these dynamics in the presence of vaccinations and other interventions. Although vaccinations are of absolute importance during viral outbreaks, resistant variants coupled with population hesitancy towards vaccination can lead to further spread of the virus.
Determinants of tap water mistrust among Phoenix, Arizona Latinx adults
Authors: Colburn Abigail T. , Buman Matthew P. , Wutich Amber , Vega-López Sonia , Ohri-Vachaspati Punam , Kavouras Stavros A.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to characterize factors that predict tap water mistrust among Phoenix, Arizona Latinx adults. Participants (n = 492, 28 ± 7 years, 37.4% female) completed water security experience-based scales and an Adapted Survey of Water Issues in Arizona. Binary logistic regression determined odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the odds of perceiving tap water to be unsafe. Of all participants, 51.2% perceived their tap water to be unsafe. The odds of mistrusting tap water were significantly greater for each additional favorable perception of bottled compared to tap water (e.g., tastes/smells better; OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.50, 2.50), negative home tap water experience (e.g., hard water mineral deposits and rusty color; OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.56), use of alternatives to home tap water (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.51), and with decreased water quality and acceptability (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.45; P < 0.05). The odds of mistrusting tap water were significantly lower for those whose primary source of drinking water is the public supply (municipal) (OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.63) and with decreased water access (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.48, 0.66; P < 0.05). Latinx mistrust of tap water appears to be associated with organoleptic perceptions and reliance on alternatives to the home drinking water system.
Novel Concepts in the Management of Angina in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Theofilis Panagiotis , Oikonomou Evangelos , Sagris Marios , Papageorgiou Nikolaos , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: May 2023

Coronary artery disease remains a condition with high prevalence and detrimental effects on the quality of life of affected individuals. Its most frequent manifestation, stable angina pectoris, may be challenging to manage despite the available antianginal pharmacotherapy and adequate risk factor control, especially in subjects not amenable to revascularization. In the direction of refractory angina pectoris, several approaches have been developed over the years with varying degrees of success. Among the most recognized techniques in managing angina is enhanced external counterpulsation, which utilizes mechanical compression of the lower extremities to increase blood flow to the heart. Moving to coronary sinus reduction, it leads to an increase in coronary sinus backward pressure, ultimately augmenting myocardial blood flow redistribution to ischemic regions and ameliorating chronic angina. Clinical trial results of the above-mentioned techniques have been encouraging but are based on small sample sizes to justify their widespread application. Other interventional approaches, such as transmyocardial laser revascularization, extracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization, and spinal cord stimulation, have been met with either controversial or negative results, and their use is not recommended. Lastly, angiogenic therapy with targeted intramyocardial vascular endothelial growth factor injection or CD34+ cell therapy may be beneficial and warrants further investigation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in the field of angina management, highlighting the potential and the gaps in the existing evidence that ought to be addressed in future larger-scale, randomized studies before these techniques can be safely adapted in the clinical practice of patients with refractory angina pectoris.
Synthetic Approaches Towards Taxol; from Holton to Chida
Authors: Elmansy Mohamed F. , Borik Rita M. , Khidre Rizk E.
Published: May 2023

Nature is an inspiring source in drug discovery which constantly reveals new complex
chemical structures of natural products that inherit attractive chemical challenges for
organic chemists to synthesize them. Taxol is a unique natural product that impressive biological
properties and a very tempting chemical structure that motivated organic chemists all
over the world to enter the race for synthesizing it. The total synthesis of this highly oxygenated
diterpene was completed by 11 different research groups starting from Holton (1994) to
Chida (2022). This review article demonstrates the various retrosynthetic analysis of Taxol,
the actual synthetic routes to it and highlights the key steps in each synthesis. It also provides
a critical review of the advantages and disadvantages in all the synthetic routes in terms of
number of steps, yields and the synthetic challenges.
Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Current Treatments and Recent
Therapeutic Developments
Authors: Wal Ankita , Wal Pranay , Vig Himangi , Jain Nem Kumar , Rathore Shruti , Krishnan Karthickeyan , Srivastava Ashish
Published: May 2023

Background:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative syndrome defined by a variety
of motor, cognitive, and psychomotor dysfunctions. The current pharmaceutical treatment focuses
on treating the condition's symptoms. They are primarily concerned with reducing illness symptoms or
avoiding dopamine metabolism. As our understanding of disease pathogenesis improves, new therapeutic
approaches emerge.

Objective:

This article aims to describe the standard Parkinson's medications based on symptoms and
requirements. It emphasizes recent advancements in symptomatic therapy for motor indications and
achievements in the research and clinical testing of medicines that promise to enable disease modification
in patients with already-manifest PD.

Methods:

Information for this paper was found by looking through Google Scholar and reading several
research and review articles from Bentham Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, Frontiers, Taylor &
Francis, and other publishers.

Result:

Parkinson's disease therapeutic interventions are now limited to symptomatic therapy, mostly
in dopaminergic medications and deep brain stimulation (DBS). They have the potential to deliver
great therapeutic progress, yet they can also have serious drawbacks that decrease a patient's quality of
life. The progress of pluripotent stem cell therapies and genome engineering procedures has sparked
renewed hope for the treatment of a wide range of human illnesses, particularly genetic abnormalities.

Conclusion:

The current Parkinson's therapy trends are successful and continually evolving, with several
drugs currently undergoing clinical trials. As these new therapies constantly coming out and can
be used together, they will likely change how Parkinson's disease is treated in the coming years.
Physeal Sparing Proximal Femoral Endoprosthetic Reconstruction with a Short Distal Segment: A Case Report
Authors: Galanter Eytan , Damron Timothy A.
Published: May 2023

Background:

A custom endoprosthesis allowed for the preservation of the distal femoral physis with a short remaining metaphyseal segment after osteosarcoma resection in a 10-year-old boy. CASE

Case Presentation:

This case illustrates a reconstructive alternative allowing physeal sparing with minimal remaining metaphyseal bone. At the three-year follow-up, the patient has remained complication-free with distal femoral growth maintaining symmetric limb length.

Conclusion:

When intercalary biologic reconstruction is not an option and the sacrifice of physis necessitates an extendible total femoral prosthesis, custom physeal sparing short segment press-fit fixation is an appropriate solution.
Health Services and Applications Powered by the Internet of Medical Things
Authors: Jifrina Premnath Briska , Nalini Namasivayam
Published: May 2023

The traditional healthcare system model is now out of date. As the digital era progresses, new advanced technologies and service platforms are highly demanded. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), a subset of the Internet of Things, is one such technology. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of wireless, interconnected, and linked digital devices that can collect, send and store data without requiring human-to human or human-to-computer interaction. Understanding how established and emerging IoT technologies help health systems provide safe and effective care is more important than ever. For example, the rapid spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has alerted the entire healthcare system. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has dramatically improved the situation, and COVID-19 has inspired scientists to create a new 'Smart' healthcare system focused on early diagnosis, prevention of spread, education, and treatment to facilitate living in the new normal. This paper provides an overview of the IoMT design and how cloud storage technology can help healthcare applications. This chapter should assist researchers in considering previous applications, benefits, problems, challenges, and threats of IoMT in the healthcare field and the role of IoMT in the COVID-19 pandemic. This review will be helpful to researchers and professionals in the field, allowing them to recognize the enormous potential of IoT in the medical world.
An Approach to the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT): IoMT-Enabled Devices, Issues, and Challenges in Cybersecurity
Authors: Nandhini Rajendran Usha , Senthamizh Pavai P.
Published: May 2023

As the number of devices connected to the Internet (Internet of Things: IoT)
grows, ensuring reliable security and privacy becomes more difficult. With the
widespread usage of online medical facilities, security and privacy in the medical arena
have become a severe problem that is only becoming worse. The criticality and
sensitivity of data in the healthcare industry make guaranteeing the security and
privacy of the Internet of medical things (IoMT) even more difficult. The privacy of the
patients will be threatened, and their lives may be threatened if effective measures are
not implemented in IoMT. Also, it provides novel services, such as remote sensing,
elder care assistance, and e-visit, improving people’s health and convenience while
lowering medical institution costs per-patient. However, with the rise of mobile,
wearable, and telemedicine options, security can no longer be assessed just inside the
confines of clean physical walls. Nonetheless, by implementing recognized and
applicable safeguards, the risk of exploiting vulnerabilities can be greatly decreased.
This article provides an outline of the key security and privacy measures that must be
implemented in current IoMT environments to protect the users and stakeholders
involved. The overall approach can be seen as a best-practice guide for safely
implementing IoMT systems.
Cyber Secure AIoT Applications in Future Pandemics
Authors: Nawaz Chohan Maria , Nawaz Chohan Sana
Published: May 2023

In the era of digitalization, artificial intelligence and IoT play an important
role in COVID-19. Collecting real-time data using the internet of things has removed
barriers and improved end-to-end delays between patients & doctors. During COVID-19, IoT connected people through wireless communication technology. However, by
utilizing AI, different diseases can be identified easily. This research article has merged
IoT with AI, which is called the Artificial Internet of Things (AIoT). Monitoring of
patient health can be made possible due to the sub-class of AI known as machine
learning. Industry 5.0 has combined big data, IoT, AI, 5G and cognitive ICT
technologies to exchange information. Due to the widespread of dangerous diseases,
people face several challenges, including inadequate preparation, shortage of medicines
and poor resources, and increasing death rates. Data collection is the initial step toward
research and innovation. Therefore, many applications are discussed properly, which
include tele-medicine, early warning systems, wearable devices, and UAVs that help to
support the healthcare industry.
Breakthrough in Management of Cardiovascular Diseases by Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Settings
Authors: Narasimha Gunturu Lakshmi , Dornadula Girirajasekhar , Naveen Nimbagal Raghavendra
Published: May 2023

The cardiovascular system includes the heart and its associated blood
vessels. Disorders of this cardiac system are called Cardiovascular disorders (CVD).
Management of CVDs is often complex due to challenges like inadequate patient care,
readmissions, low cost-effectiveness, and cost reductions in preventions, treatments,
and lifestyle modifications. Hence, to overcome these challenges, Artificial Intelligence
(AI) is being developed. They addressed emerging problems in clinical and health care
settings and had a tremendous impact on the public. Implementation of AI in
cardiovascular medicine affects more on new findings. It also provides a high level of
supporting evidence that may be useful within the evidence-based research paradigm.
A review of available free full-text literature in the PubMed database was carried out to
study the influence of AI on health care settings. This work reviews AI-based
algorithms used in cardiac practice and the applications of AI in cardiovascular
medicine in terms of interpretation of results and medical image analysis. 
The Outbreak of COVID-19 Coronavirus and Associated Facts and Factors
Authors: Pandey Anushka , Verma Anju , Kumar Nagar Pavan , Khan Tahmeena
Published: May 2023

 COVID-19 is a global pandemic resulting in devastating impacts that spread
through a virus and are even more contagious than influenza, as evident from the
frequent reporting of cluster outbreaks. Although the key problem is that the symptoms
are often similar to other common illnesses, such outbreaks can be controlled if
individuals with initial symptoms are tested, and further contact tracing is done. The
concept presented here discusses the order in which symptoms appear to differentiate it
from other respiratory disorders, however, this crucial information is mostly missing.
To determine the most likely order of detectable symptoms in COVID-19 patients, we
apply a Markov Process to a graded partially ordered set based on clinical observations
of COVID-19 cases. A comparison was made between the evolution of these symptoms
in COVID-19 and influenza, SARS, and MERS to see if they were present differently.
Influenza, according to our hypothesis, begins with a cough, whereas COVID-19 and
other coronavirus infections begin with a fever. COVID-19, on the other hand, varies
from SARS and MERS in terms of the order of gastrointestinal symptoms. As facilities
begin to reopen following the 2020 spring outbreak, our findings support the idea that
fever should be used to screen for admission and that appropriate clinical practice
should include noting the order of symptoms occurrence in COVID-19 along with
other diseases. If this type of systemic clinical approach had been routine, the move
from a local to a worldwide pandemic might not have happened.
Hypothetical Study on Organophosphates and SARS-CoV-2 Collaborating in Causing Several Respiratory and Immune Diseases for Future Generation: A Review
Authors: Dubey Nitya , Khan Tahmeena , Kumar Nagar Pavan , Singh Brijesh , Verma Anju
Published: May 2023

Increasing population and increased intensity of crop production led to the
invention of pesticides, among which organophosphates are extensively
commercialized and used as commercial pesticides. Their toxicity leads to millions of
deaths every year. The insecticide enters the food web and inhibits acetylcholinesterase enzyme production, which upturns into respiratory dysfunctioning and
immuno-toxic production. SARS-CoV-2, a natural micro immuno-toxin, serves a
similar mechanism over our body. It affects both the respiratory system and
autoimmunity. The scope of this review article is to brief and explain the mechanism
and relation between these two co-partners and their futuristic impact on the world.
Henceforth, it is also recommended to utilize cost-effective homemade natural
pesticides and integrated farming practices to provide secure and healthy food
production and curb the future health hazards caused by SARS-CoV-2 and
organophosphates. 
COVID-19 and Moderating Effects of Government Stimulus
Authors: Raithatha Mehul , Reyes-Peña Robinson
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the
economic conditions and the stock markets of countries across the world. We find that
an increase in contagion and death rate due to the pandemic inversely affects both the
country’s GDP and its stock markets. Next, we study the impact of government
stimulus on the economic conditions and the stock markets of each of the countries in
our sample. We find that the government stimulus moderates the effect of COVID-19
on the real condition of economies as we find that GDP is not affected by COVID-1-
-related death in the post-stimulus period. The stimulus alleviates the negative impact
of pandemic concerns on the stock markets, where the increase in contagion and death
rate due to COVID-19 positively correlates with the performance of stock markets in
the post-stimulus period.
Psychological Distress and Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic on Different Groups
Authors: Khan Saimah , Khan Arshi H.
Published: May 2023

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is extensively spreading all over
the world, causing unprecedented hazards to mental health globally. The global
pandemic of COVID-19 has been strongly impacting humanity and continues to
influence all segments of the population since its origin. While dealing with such a
public health crisis, past experiences have witnessed generalised public fear and
anxieties due to uncertainty, causality and lack of public health preparedness.
Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the detrimental effect of COVID-19 on the
mental health of individuals of different age groups. This chapter aims to explore the
impact of this unprecedented atmosphere on the mental health of the elderly, healthcare
workers, children, adolescents and young people, pre-existing mental health conditions,
post COVID-19 patients, women, homeless people and refugees. The chapter presents
the direct and indirect psychological impact of COVID-19 on the genera at the
individual, societal and public health levels. It will discuss at length some emerging
concepts of the causal routes of mental disorders and suggest some strategies to prevent
and promote mental health problems in individuals during this crisis. For the general
population at large, just like physical effects, it is important to address the impact of
COVID-19 on mental health effects as well. Various studies reported that mental
problems such as anxiety, depression and fear of getting infected were common among
people of all age groups who responded to COVID-19. The important lessons to be
learned so far can help to devise individual mental health recommendations, as well as
improved interventions and preventions of public health approaches. 
COVID-19 Vaccines: A Brief Review
Authors: Raza Saman
Published: May 2023

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 was a defining
moment in medical history that pushed the world into a state of uncertainty and fear.
The virus was a new one, its effects on the human body were severe and its ever growing spread across the globe soon became a major concern for everyone, drawing
an extraordinary response from the scientific community, doctors, health workers and
governments. The research was conducted on the structure and physiology of the virus
as well as the human immune response to the virus, along with the development of
testing, therapeutics, and vaccines occurring on an unprecedentedly short timescale.
With support from governments and pharmaceutical companies, within a year of the
worldwide outbreak of the disease, numerous vaccine candidates had emerged, and to
date, eight World Health Organization-approved vaccines are being used on an
emergency basis. In this concise review, the different types of vaccines have been
described, along with the characteristics of the leading vaccines and a detailed
discussion of the vaccines being used in India. 
COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance, Management and Concerns: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: Arif Saima , Tewari Ayushi , Siddiqui Tuba , Khan Sumaiyya
Published: May 2023

 The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact, especially in the last
2 years, and inflicted a grave loss globally. The world came together to devise various
protocols and preventive measures to battle this viral outbreak. The chapter explores
the various immediate medicinal measures to cure COVID infections. The Government
of India initiated the process of vaccine manufacture and distribution among the
population. This was met by various hurdles, namely myths, misconceptions,
misinformation and concerns regarding the vaccines and the disease itself. This was
majorly reported in the rural regions of India where the vaccination was not successful
in the desired results; this might have been due to various reasons, such as lack of
awareness among the rural population or due to the difficulty faced in the
transportation and storage of Corona vaccines. This chapter attempts to shed light on
the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines by the Indian population and also discusses
the same concerning the rural population and proposes plans to expedite the Corona
Vaccines to such areas. The Government of India initiated a Co-WIN vaccine delivery
management system to encourage people and create awareness to fight against this
pandemic by opting for vaccination. An independent survey was conducted that
consisted of a questionnaire addressing acceptance, management and concerns about
the COVID-19 vaccination. Among 211 respondents, 19.6% (41 respondents) were
either doctors or medical professionals. The survey provided insight into vaccine
awareness among frontline workers and the general public of India.
Probiotics-based Anticancer Immunity In Colon Cancer
Authors: Techo Sujitra , Kingkaew Engkarat , Tanasupawat Somboon
Published: May 2023

Probiotics are live microorganisms, which confer a health benefit to the host after administering them in adequate amounts. Health benefits of probiotics include antimicrobial activity and gastrointestinal infections, effectiveness against diarrhoea and Helicobacter pylori infection, improvement in lactose metabolism, reduction in serum cholesterol, inflammatory bowel disease, immune system stimulation, anti mutagenic properties, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Since probiotics exhibit a positive health impact, many researchers pay attention to the role of probiotics in the enhancement of the immunological response of the host and also in colon cancer prevention and treatment. Probiotic strains, either live or dead cells, belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are typically evaluated for their immunomodulatory effect on the immune system. These strains can improve the immunological response both in vitro and in vivo. Many mechanisms of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer have been proposed. Several studies demonstrate that probiotics and synbiotics exert an anti-carcinogenic effect on colon cancer cells (in vitro) as well as in clinical trials (in vivo). These studies illustrate that probiotics and synbiotics are applied as adjunctive or alternative therapeutic agents for colon cancer management
Probiotics Based Anticancer Immunity In Stomach Cancer
Authors: Singh Shilpi , Kumari Bindu , Sinha Sonal , Kumar Singh Gireesh , Lqman Suaib , Singh Dhananjay Kumar
Published: May 2023

Stomach cancer is a global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence.
The intestinal microbiota of humans plays a vital role in producing short-chain fatty
acids, developing resistance towards pathogenic microbes, nutrient absorption,
modulation in immunological response, metabolism, synthesis of vitamins, and gut
immune system development. Many diseases or disorders, including cancers, obesity,
psychiatric illnesses, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel syndrome, are
associated with an imbalance of microbiotas. Earlier reports suggest that probiotics via
the oral route act as a functional food and suppress cancer development. Further, some
probiotics are clinically effective in reducing post-operative inflammation in cancer
patients. Probiotics primarily display inhibitory effects against H. pylori infections in
the digestive tract. The combination of probiotics with antibiotics has effectively
eradicated H. pylori infections. Besides, probiotics reduce the pro-carcinogens
metabolism, they also diminish the growth of pathogens and improve the consistency
of the intestinal barrier. Moreover, compounds produced by the microorganisms are
reported to interact unswervingly with cancer cells and affect their survival. The
therapeutic efficacy and adverse side-effects of the strategies used for stomach cancer
prevention could be improved by using probiotics either as adjuvant or neo-adjuvant as
the safety concern of the commercially used strains has been verified. The underlying
mechanism describing microbiota's effect on oncogenic activation, carcinogenic
metabolite production, DNA damage, inhibition of tumour immunity, and chronic
inflammation induction still needs a more detailed investigation. In addition, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, and well-designed clinical studies are required
to understand the efficacy and mode of action to reduce the death rate and stomach
cancer burden. In depth studies are essential to set probiotics as an eccentric strategy
for stomach cancer prevention and treatment.
Probiotics-based Anticancer Immunity In Lung Cancer
Authors: Parhi Rabinarayan , Swain Suryakanta , Kumar Sahoo Suvendu , Prasad Tiwari Sandip , Yadav Rajni
Published: May 2023

Among various death-causing diseases, the morbidity and mortality related
to cancer are the highest, with millions of new malignancies added to the tally every
year and predicted to increase at a higher rate by 2030. Lung cancer is continued to be
the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a share of 11.6% of all cancers.
Since the start of the millennium, there has been a continuous effort to provide the
benefits of probiotics in the management and treatment of cancer, particularly lung
cancer. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in
adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host”. These include specific strains of
bacteria and fungi. Bacterial strains belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
have demonstrated promising results in the prevention, attenuation, and treatment of
the progression of lung cancer. The present chapter focuses on the types and aetiology
of lung cancer and the role and mechanism of action of probiotics in providing
immunity against lung cancer.
ISOLATION OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM SOURSOP LEAF (Annona muricata) AND SECONDARY ANTIOXIDANT METABOLIT ACTIVITY TESTING
Authors: Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria
Published: May 2023

Free radicals are molecules or molecular fragments that contain unpaired electrons in the valence shell. To achieve stability, free radical molecules will react with surrounding molecules. Free radical molecules in the body take place continuously and are difficult to stop, this can cause diseases such as premature aging and cancer. Therefore, the required compound has antioxidant activity to stop it. One of the antioxidant compounds can be obtained by utilizing secondary metabolites of Soursop leaf endophytic bacteria (Annona muricata). Soursop leaf endophytic bacteria isolates have been obtained which have the form of diplobacillus and include gram-positive bacteria. The activity was carried out using the DPPH method and obtained IC50 of 278.27 ppm at the 22nd hour and 61.942 ppm at the 24th hour. The total phenolic obtained at the 22nd hour was 79 mgek of gallic acid/g while at the 24th hour it was 34 mgek of gallic acid/g. Secondary metabolites of soursop leaf endophytic bacteria produce secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids and terpenoids.
Энергетический спектр и оптические свойства бромида фуллерена С-=SUB=-70-=/SUB=-Br-=SUB=-10-=/SUB=- в модели Хаббарда
Authors: Силантьев А.В.
Published: May 2023

The energy spectrum of molecule C70Br10 of symmetry group Cs were obtained within the Hubbard model in the mean-field approximation. Using group theory methods, the classification of energy states was carried out, and the allowed transitions in the energy spectrum of bromide fullerene C70Br10 of symmetry group Cs were determined. On the basis of this spectrum, an interpretation of experimentally observed optical absorption bands of molecule C70Br10 is proposed.
A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Postpartum Women's Level of Anxiety, Depression and Breastfeeding Duration
Authors: Lalo Rezarta , Kamberi Fatjona , Ndreu Vjollca
Published: May 2023

Pregnancy and postpartum periods are known as sensitive periods in women’s life and COVID-19 pandemic seems to be worsening their mental health with major impacts on exclusive breastfeeding duration. Therefore, the present study aims to fill the gap in the literature by assessing the links between postpartum anxiety and depression symptoms and breastfeeding duration as well as the associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted between November and December 2020 at the Maternity ward of Vlore Regional Hospital, Albania. A total of 321 postpartum women were invited to participate in the study, resulting in 215 participants with a response rate of 66.9%. Along with modified questions from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II) Neonatal Questionnaire on breastfeeding follow-up from birth to third and sixth months, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to measure anxiety and depression levels. The binomial logistic regression model was applied to reflect the relationship between variables with the corresponding p-value ≤ 0.05. The mean age of participants was 27.4 ± 5.32 years old. 41% of them experienced postpartum anxiety and 51% showed symptoms of depression. Unemployment (69%; OR = 3.66), COVID-19 threat to their own life (89%; OR = 2.89), and feelings of isolation (62%), were all significant predictors of postpartum anxiety and depression disorders. Both anxiety and depression were significant barriers to unsuccessful breastfeeding duration, especially among primiparous women (p = 0.001). The findings revealed high anxiety and depression among postpartum women, which was linked to COVID-19 stressors and breastfeeding outcomes. The careful follow-up of perinatal mothers during a pandemic should be the priority of healthcare professionals to reduce maternal morbidity rates and improve the health of infants.
AGROKIDS: todo un mundo en cuentos
Authors:   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA
Published: May 2023

Este libro es el resultado de los cuentos generados por los participantes del primer concurso del cuento infantil y juvenil “El Agro Cuenta” que gracias a su imaginación y creatividad nos harán pasar un rato muy divertido. Disfruta de estás grandes historias hechas por grandes chicos.
Bioeconomía: lineamientos corporativos
Authors:   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA
Published: May 2023

El objetivo de la presente publicación es definir las líneas estratégicas y aportes de AGROSAVIA a la bioeconomía del país mediante los enfoques de prácticas de agricultura sostenible, biodiversidad, economía circular y bioproductos, los cuales permiten orientar la toma de decisiones y las directrices en términos de I+D+i para atender las necesidades del sector agropecuario.
Metodología para la gestión de los estilos de enseñanza en el sector agropecuario en Colombia
Authors: Pérez Peña Rosa Elsa , Rodríguez Espinosa Holmes , Runge Peña Andrés Klaus , Galeano Flórez Carlos Albeiro , Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo , García Márquez Andrea , Quiroz Tatiana Alejandra , Upegui Gómez Sara Isabel , Loaiza Echeverri Ana María , Duque Ríos Marcela , Romero Rubio Laura Cristina
Published: May 2023

En el marco del Sistema de Innovación Agropecuaria y frente al desarrollo de las capacidades locales hablar de procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la extensión rural y agropecuaria se vuelve cada día más frecuente. Este tema cobra importancia porque favorece la apropiación social del conocimiento, la transferencia tecnológica, el cambio y la mejora de las prácticas en beneficio de los productores y sus sistemas de producción. Es así, como Agrosavia y la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad de Antioquia se articulan para aportar herramientas que faciliten al extensionista su aprendizaje continuo y, por ende, que cualifiquen su labor. En esta cartilla se relacionan los diferentes estilos de enseñanza, las características pedagógicas sobresalientes de cada uno, la utilidad en extensión, algunas recomendaciones de cómo mejorar en la práctica y, finalmente, las técnicas más utilizadas en estos estilos. También, se dispone de un glosario y de otros recursos de información importantes y útiles para la labor del extensionista.
Sistema híbrido de evaporación para la producción de panela en el departamento de Nariño
Authors: Rodríguez Cortina Jader , Espitia Gonzáles John Javier , Velásquez Ayala Fabián Andrés , Hernández Martínez Henry Alberto
Published: May 2023

Los actuales sistemas de producción de panela en el departamento de Nariño son ineficientes porque deben usar combustibles adicionales para suplir la demanda energética del proceso. Para mejorar el desempeño de las hornillas tradicionales, agrosavia, en alianza con Fedepanela, diseñó y construyó un sistema híbrido de evaporación (gases de combustión + vapor) en el municipio de Ricaurte (figura 1), en el marco del proyecto “Fortalecimiento del sector panelero mediante investigación e innovación agrícola y agroindustrial en el departamento de Nariño”, financiado con recursos del Sistema General de Reglías, ejecutados por la Gobernación de Nariño.
Think Aloud Testing of a Smartphone App for Lifestyle Change Among Persons at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lunde Pernille , Skoglund Gyri , Olsen Cecilie Fromholt , Hilde Gunvor , Bong Way Kiat , Nilsson Birgitta Blakstad
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is considered a global epidemic. Despite the growing evidence on the effectiveness of mobile health interventions in the management of DM2, the evidence on the effect of mobile health interventions in prevention of DM2 is sparse. Therefore, we have developed an app aiming to promote initiation of behavioral change and adherence to healthy behavior. Before commencing a small-scale randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility of using an app for initiation and adherence of healthy behavior in people at risk of DM2, testing the usability of the app in the target population is warranted.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess the usability of an app among people at risk of DM2.

METHODS

A qualitative study with the use of a think aloud (TA) procedure was conducted from April to November 2022. The TA procedure consisted of 10 problem-solving tasks and a semistructured interview which was carried out after the tasks. These interviews served to gain more in-depth knowledge of the users experience of the problem-solving tasks. The TA-sessions and the postactivity interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and the data were coded and analyzed following the principles of thematic analysis.

RESULTS

In total, 7 people at risk of DM2 with a median age of 66 (range 41-75) years participated in this study. The analysis resulted in the following themes: (1) user interface design; and (2) suggestions for improvements of the functionality of the app.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the participants were satisfied with the usability of the app. Through the TA-sessions, real time perspective on the appeal, relevance, and utility of the app were gained. Only minor changes to the functionality of the prototype app were reported as necessary to improve the usability of the app. Points of guidance from the participants in this study have been adopted and incorporated into the final design of the app now being assessed for feasibility in a small-scale randomized controlled trial.
Mapudungun, Interculturality and Inclusiveness in the Chilean Educational System
Authors: Salum Tomé, PhD José Manuel
Published: May 2023

Mapudungun is one of the heritages that defines the identity of the Mapuche people. Their survival over time is mainly due to the re-ethnification processes that have occurred in the last decade. However, it is necessary to follow the strategies briefly developed in this work, in order to maintain its validity and revitalization in the Chilean sociocultural context. A maintenance program for this indigenous language must have the proper state support to become a healthy and self-sufficient language. All this will allow the continuation of the way of life of its users, as well as the faithful reflection of their culture within the multicultural world.