bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inflammation Triggers Zeb1-Dependent Escape from Tumor Latency
Authors: De Cock Jasmine M. , Shibue Tsukasa , Dongre Anushka , Keckesova Zuzana , Reinhardt Ferenc , Weinberg Robert A.
Published: August 2016

The emergence of metastatic disease in cancer patients many years or decades after initial successful treatment of primary tumors is well documented but poorly understood at the molecular level. Recent studies have begun exploring the cell-intrinsic programs, causing disseminated tumor cells to enter latency and the cellular signals in the surrounding nonpermissive tissue microenvironment that maintain the latent state. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that enable disseminated tumor cells to escape cancer dormancy or tumor latency. We describe here an in vivo model of solitary metastatic latency in the lung parenchyma. The induction of a localized inflammation in the lungs, initiated by lipopolysaccharide treatment, triggers the awakening of these cells, which develop into macroscopic metastases. The escape from latency is dependent on the expression of Zeb1, a key regulator of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, activation of the EMT program on its own, as orchestrated by Zeb1, is sufficient to incite metastatic outgrowth by causing carcinoma cells to enter stably into a metastasis-initiating cell state. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6778–84. ©2016 AACR.
Reactive Oxygen Species Mediates the Synergistic Activity of Fenretinide Combined with the Microtubule Inhibitor ABT-751 against Multidrug-Resistant Recurrent Neuroblastoma Xenografts
Authors: Chen Nancy E. , Maldonado N. Vanessa , Khankaldyyan Vazgen , Shimada Hiroyuki , Song Michael M. , Maurer Barry J. , Reynolds C. Patrick
Published: August 2016

ABT-751 is a colchicine-binding site microtubule inhibitor. Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid. Both agents have shown activity against neuroblastoma in laboratory models and clinical trials. We investigated the antitumor activity of 4-HPR + the microtubule-targeting agents ABT-751, vincristine, paclitaxel, vinorelbine, or colchicine in laboratory models of recurrent neuroblastoma. Drug cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro by a fluorescence-based assay (DIMSCAN) and in subcutaneous xenografts in nu/nu mice. Reactive oxygen species levels (ROS), apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization were measured by flow cytometry; cytochrome c release and proapoptotic proteins were measured by immunoblotting. 4-HPR + ABT-751 showed modest additive or synergistic cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation compared with single agents in vitro; synergism was inhibited by antioxidants (ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol). 4-HPR + ABT-751 was highly active against four xenograft models, achieving multiple maintained complete responses. The median event-free survival (days) for xenografts from 4 patients combined was control = 28, 4-HPR = 49, ABT-751 = 77, and 4-HPR + ABT-751 > 150 (P < 0.001). Apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling, TUNEL) was significantly higher in 4-HPR + ABT-751–treated tumors than with single agents (P < 0.01) and was inhibited by ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (P < 0.01), indicating that ROS from 4-HPR enhanced the activity of ABT-751. 4-HPR also enhanced the activity against neuroblastoma xenografts of vincristine or paclitaxel, but the latter combinations were less active than 4-HPR + ABT-751. Our data support clinical evaluation of 4-HPR combined with ABT-751 in recurrent and refractory neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2653–64. ©2016 AACR.
Dietary Methyl Donor Depletion Suppresses Intestinal Adenoma Development
Authors: Hanley Matthew P. , Kadaveru Krishna , Perret Christine , Giardina Charles , Rosenberg Daniel W.
Published: August 2016

The role of folate one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer development is controversial, with nutritional intervention studies producing conflicting results. It has been reported that ApcMin/+ mice maintained on a diet deficient in the methyl donors folic acid, methionine, choline, and vitamin B12, and supplemented with homocysteine, show a greater than 95% reduction in intestinal tumor development. The present study extends these findings and shows that tumor protection afforded by dietary methyl donor deficiency (MDD) is long-lasting. After 11 weeks of MDD, tumor protection persisted for at least an additional 7 weeks of methyl donor repletion (22.2 ± 3.5 vs. 70.2 ± 4.6 tumors per mouse; P < 0.01). Sustained tumor protection was associated with a reduction in intestinal crypt length (26%, P < 0.01), crypt cell division and crypt fission, and an increase in apoptosis of both normal crypts and tumors (4.9- and 3.2-fold, respectively, P < 0.01). MDD also caused a significant reduction in the number of Dclk1-positive cells in the intestine (62%, P < 0.01), a long-lived crypt cell with cancer stem cell potential. Several undesirable effects associated with methyl donor restriction (e.g., reduced body weight gain) were shown to be transient and readily reversible following methyl donor repletion. Taken together, these results indicate that even temporary dietary methyl donor restriction in adenoma-prone mice can induce persistent changes to the intestinal epithelium and provide long-lasting tumor protection. These data also suggest that transient reductions in dietary methyl donor consumption should be considered when studying the impact of folate on colon cancer risk in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 9(10); 812–20. ©2016 AACR.
Thrombotic Microangiopathy Revealing Bone Metastases from an Ethmoid Sinus Carcinoma
Authors: Morisse Mony Chenda , Kontar Loay , Bihan Céline , Boone Mathieu , Lachaier Emma , Titeca-Beauport Dimitri , Maizel Julien , Chauffert Bruno
Published: August 2016

Cancer-related thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare entity whose clinical and biological characteristics have been described in various tumors. Here we describe the first case of cancer-related TMA revealing diffuse bone metastases from an ethmoid sinus carcinoma.
Rare Infratentorial and Supratentorial Localization of Juvenile Angiofibroma: A Case Report
Authors: Pašalić Ivan , Trninić Ines , Nemir Jakob , Jednačak Hrvoje , Žarković Kamelija , Mrak Goran
Published: August 2016

Angiofibromas are rare tumors of the head and neck that mostly occur in the sphenopalatine region. We present a case of angiofibroma in a young male patient with an unusual and extremely rare localization, which to our knowledge has not been described before. It was situated in the tentorium and spread to the supratentorial and infratentorial regions. The patient initially presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. After a diagnostic evaluation was done, the whole tumor was successfully removed using the supratentorial and infratentorial approach and the microsurgical technique.
Metastatic Eccrine Porocarcinoma: A Rare Case of Successful Treatment
Authors: Mandaliya Hiren , Nordman Ina
Published: August 2016

The successful treatment of the rare malignancy eccrine porocarcinoma (EP) is extremely challenging, often not rewarding and when associated with metastatic disease, therapy results are disappointing. We present a unique case of treatment response of metastatic EP, with a significant disease-free interval. The patient has remained in clinical and radiological remission for 36 months since diagnosis of metastatic disease.
Hibernoma Showing High Uniform Accumulation on an 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Scan: A Case Report
Authors: Kamata Yasuhiro , Kikuta Kazutaka , Susa Michiro , Nishimoto Kazumasa , Sasaki Aya , Kameyama Kaori , Murakami Koji , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Morioka Hideo
Published: August 2016

Background: Hibernoma is a rare, benign, soft tissue tumor arising from brown fat that cannot be distinguished from other lipogenic tumors on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. On the other hand, the image of hibernoma on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) is different from that of other lipogenic tumors. However, fewer studies have investigated the typical features of hibernoma on PET scans. We present the case of a hibernoma that was incidentally detected on 18F-FDG-PET. Case Presentation: A 48-year-old Asian man underwent 18F-FDG-PET for routine follow-up of gastric cancer. The patient reported a painless soft mass on the upper arm that had persisted for several years. On 18F-FDG-PET, the mass showed a maximum standardized uptake value of 9.6. The mass showed high intensity on T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans, and showed focally enhanced septa after gadolinium administration. The mass was surgically resected. Histopathologically, the mass was composed of brown adipose cells characteristic of hibernoma. His postoperative course was uneventful, and there was no local recurrence at the final 24-month follow-up. Conclusion: Hibernoma showed strong uniform accumulation on 18F-FDG-PET, suggesting that 18F-FDG-PET would be a useful modality for the differential diagnosis of hibernoma versus other lipogenic tumors.
The Impact of Baseline Serum Creatinine on Complete Remission Rate and Long-Term Outcome in Patients with Severe Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Korbet Stephen M. , Whittier William L. , Lewis Edmund J. ,   for the Collaborative Study Group
Published: August 2016

Background/Aim: We assess the impact of serum creatinine at baseline on complete remission rate and long-term outcome in severe lupus nephritis (SLN). Methods: A total of 86 adult patients with SLN [International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) class IV lesions] were evaluated based on baseline serum creatinine levels (≤1.0, 1.01-1.5, 1.51-2.0, 2.01-3.0, and >3.0 mg/dl; n = 22, 23, 16, 12, and 13, respectively). The complete remission rates (serum creatinine level of ≤1.4 mg/dl and proteinuria of ≤0.33 g/day) and long-term outcomes (stable renal function, dialysis, and death) were compared. The patients were followed for 121 ± 64 months. Results: The baseline clinical features were similar, but the chronicity index was significantly higher with increasing levels of serum creatinine. Complete remission rates were significantly higher in patients with lower levels of serum creatinine (86 vs. 52 vs. 19 vs. 25 vs. 0%, p < 0.0001). Patients with a baseline serum creatinine level of ≤1.0 mg/dl were >16 times as likely (OR 16.2; 95% CI: 4.2-61.5) to attain a complete remission and >6 times as likely (OR 6.1; 95% CI: 1.9-18.6) to have stable renal function at the last follow-up as compared to patients with a serum creatinine level of >1.0 mg/dl. The 15-year renal survival rate was greatest among those patients with a baseline serum creatinine level of ≤1.0 mg/dl (76 vs. 57 vs. 48 vs. 25 vs. 10%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The prognosis of SLN is significantly affected by the serum creatinine level at baseline. The complete remission rate is highest, and the long-term prognosis most favorable, in patients with a baseline serum creatinine level of ≤1.0 mg/dl. This emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report
Authors: Etani Toshiki , Naiki Taku , Nagai Takashi , Iida Keitaro , Ando Ryosuke , Naiki-Ito Aya , Kawai Noriyasu , Tozawa Keiichi , Mizuno Kentaro , Okada Atsushi , Mogami Tohru , Yasui Takahiro
Published: August 2016

An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a distinctive neoplasm composed of myofibroblastic and fibroblastic spindle cells, accompanied by inflammatory infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. IMTs rarely occur in the urinary bladder. It is important to distinguish this tumor from other malignant spindle cell tumors. Herein, we report a patient with an IMT showing muscle invasion, who underwent a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and, at a later date, partial cystectomy. The resected tumor specimen revealed a proliferation of spindle-shaped cells on a background of plasma cells and lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical staining showed the tumor to be positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), smooth muscle actin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Such histopathological findings were indicative of an IMT, suggesting the use of inhibitors of ALK and VEGF as pharmacotherapy.
Consumo de drogas ilegais pelos estudantes e a relação com o entorno
Authors: Maldonado García Viviana , Costa Junior Moacyr Lobo da
Published: August 2016

O objetivo dessa pesquisa é definir a relação entre o consumo de drogas ilegais pelos estudantes do ensino médio e o entorno familiar, amigos e vulnerabilidade social. Os dados são provenientes do III Estudio Nacional Prevención y consumo de drogas en estudantes de secundária, realizado em instituições educacionais localizadas na região metropolitana de Lima, no Peru, contendo informações de 6233 estudantes. A análise evidencia que ter um familiar com problemas de álcool aumenta o risco de consumo de drogas ilegais em 47%, e um familiar com problemas de drogas em 2,5 vezes. Sobre o consumo de drogas e envolvimento em atividades delitivas do grupo de pares, estes incrementam no primeiro caso até 2,2 vezes o risco para o consumo de drogas ilegais e, no segundo caso, até 39%. Esse trabalho contribui com evidências científicas para o desenvolvimento de estratégias com relação à prevenção do consumo de drogas ilegais no Peru.
Ensino de saúde do trabalhador nos cursos de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional: contribuições ao debate sobre parâmetros de avaliação do ensino público brasileiro
Authors: Pereira Jorge Iranise Moro , Simonelli Angela Paula , Rosa Jessica Elisa da , Ferreira Sattylla Sanny de Matos , Souza Marina Batista Chaves Azevedo de , Barroso Barbara Iansã De Lima
Published: August 2016

Esta pesquisa possui como objetivo, investigar as ações de pesquisa, ensino e extensão desenvolvidas na área de Saúde do Trabalhador nos cursos de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional das universidades públicas do Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva exploratória, realizada por duas Universidades Federais. A amostra foi composta por (n=16) cursos de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional de (n=15) universidades públicas. Os dados encontrados demonstram que as universidades abordam a área de Saúde do Trabalhador. Dispõem, em sua maioria, de professores com titulação na área de Ergonomia e apresentam, nos últimos três anos, (n=08) campos de estágio, (n=14) projetos de extensão, (n=70) trabalhos de conclusão de curso, (n=20) projetos de pesquisas e (n=29) publicações em periódicos científicos. Destaca-se a necessidade de ações que promovam a intersetorialização e o debate entre instituições, a fim de possibilitar troca de experiências e avanços no conteúdo do ensino,tanto neste campo de atuação, quanto na formação dos docentes responsáveis pela área de Saúde do Trabalhador.
Inclusão profissional com deficiência física em um serviço de saúde do Estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Cabral Ana Karina Pessoa da Silva , Pereira Priscylla Emanuella Cavalcanti , Caldas Ada Salvetti Cavalcanti
Published: August 2016

No Brasil, estima-se que 45,6 milhões de pessoas têm algum tipo de deficiência. Porém, grande parte destas pessoas não tem acesso ao mercado trabalho ou, quando inseridas nos postos de trabalho, encontram dificuldades, por falta de preparo da empresa, baixa escolaridade e falta de capacitação profissional. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar a inclusão laboral de trabalhadores com deficiência física (TCDF) em um serviço de saúde no Estado de Pernambuco. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de abordagem qualitativa. Foram identificadas 4 (quatro) funções ocupadas pelos 9 (nove) TCDF, sendo elas: maqueiro, auxiliar de recepção e portaria, almoxarife de nutrição e técnico de enfermagem. Observou-se uma associação e restrição das tarefas com os tipos de deficiência, em todas as funções estudadas. Conclui-se que, apesar de complexo, o processo de inclusão deve considerar as habilidades reais das pessoas com deficiência, contribuindo com isto para uma sociedade mais equitativa e inclusiva.
Sintomas osteomusculares e desempenho ocupacional: um estudo entre músicos instrumentistas no contexto do Distrito Federal, Brasil.
Authors: De Carvalho Andréia Louise A. , Pontes Tatiana Barcelos , Massa Lilian Dias Bernardo , Rodrigues Daniela Da Silva , Almeida Pedro H. T. Q. de
Published: August 2016

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de sintomatologia osteomuscular entre músicos de uma universidade federal, verificando seu impacto sobre a participação em atividades de vidadiária e o desempenho de atividades laborais. Método: 26 músicos foram avaliados por meio do Questionário de Disfunção do Ombro, Braço e Mão e Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. A relação entre sintomatologia musculoesquelética e desempenho ocupacional foi avaliada por meio dos testes de Mann-Whitney, Teste de Correlação de Spearman e Teste de Chi-Quadrado. Resultados: Foi observado predomínio de queixas osteomusculares nas regiões dos membros superiores e tronco, com baixa procura dos músicos por tratamentos de saúde. Observaram-se diferenças significativas no desempenho de atividades de vida diária e realização de atividades relacionadas à prática musical entre participantes que apresentavam queixas osteomusculares em membros superiores. Conclusão: O desempenho da atividade musical pode levar a processos de adoecimento, influenciando as atividades laborais, e outras áreas do desempenho ocupacional.Ações voltadas para a prevenção e tratamento de queixas osteomusculares são importantes para a elaboração de estratégias que visam preservar e promover a saúde desta população.
Dor musculoesquelética em mulheres da indústria do vestuário: análise na perspectiva do modelo demanda-controle
Authors: Augusto Viviane Gontijo , Aquino Cecília Ferreira , Gontijo Daniel Silva Penha , Sampaio Rosana Ferreira
Published: August 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a ocorrência de dor musculoesquelética (DME) em trabalhadoras da indústria do vestuário e analisar a relação entre DME e diferentes formas de operacionalizar a variável “alta exigência psicossocial”. Trezentas e seis trabalhadoras de 40 empresas foram avaliadas em relação à DME, através do auto-relato sobre a presença ou não do sintoma. Para avaliação dos fatores psicossociais adotou-se o Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). A partir dos escores do JCQ, a variável “alta exigência psicossocial” foi operacionalizada nas formas: quadrante, razão, logaritmo da razão e subtração. Foram testados os modelos de regressão de Poisson, considerando cada forma de cálculo da variável exposição e tendo como desfecho a DME. Das trabalhadoras avaliadas, 54,3% apresentavam DME. A probabilidade de ocorrência de DME na presença de alta exigência no trabalho variou de 1,2% a 75%, de acordo com a operacionalização desta variável. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que situações de trabalho com alta exigência psicossocial estão associadas com dores musculoesqueléticas em trabalhadoras da indústria do vestuário. Entretanto, a forma de definição e operacionalização da variável exposição (alta exigência) interfere nos valores de probabilidade de ocorrência de dor.
Síndrome de Burnout em professores universitários
Authors: Massa Lilian Dias Bernardo , Silva Talita Silvério de Souza , Sá Isabela Sebastian Vieira Barbosa , Barreto Bárbara Costa de Sá , Almeida Pedro Henrique Tavares Queiroz de , Pontes Tatiana Barcelos
Published: August 2016

O estudo investigou os sinais indicativos da Síndrome de Burnout professores de ensino superior, bem como as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas para manter-se na atividade laboral. Participaram 49 professores. Foi aplicada a Escala de Caracterização de Burnout e um questionário para obtenção dos dados demográficos e identificação das estratégias de enfrentamento. Os dados foram analisados e apresentados em estatísticas descritas e a regressão logística foi usada para verificar a associação entre as variáveis demográficas e Burnout. Os resultados apontam que cerca de um quarto dos participantes apresentou sintomas compatíveis com a Síndrome de Burnout. A desumanização foi o item com maiorpercentual de alto nível, reportada por 30,6% dos professores. Tendo em vista o caráter multifatorial da síndrome de Burnout, é importante compreender os fatores laborais e psicossociais que podem estar associados ao adoecimento, pois isso pode contribuir para a inserção dos docentes em intervenções voltadas para o bem-estar e qualidade de vida no trabalho.
Programa de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Artista de Performance: relato da experiência desenvolvida em um serviço universitário em Minas Gerais
Authors: Lima Ronise Costa , Silva Talita Naiara Rossi da , Alves Gisele Beatriz de Oliveira , Fonseca João Gabriel Marques , Sampaio Rosana Ferreira , Lacerda Leonardo Lobão , Pinheiro Tarcísio Márcio Magalhães
Published: August 2016

Trata-se de um relato de experiência cujo objetivo foi apresentar o Programa de Atenção Integral a Saúde do Artista de Performance do Serviço Especializado em Saúde do Trabalhador do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e relatar as ações desenvolvidas pela equipe interdisciplinar. As ações compreendem avaliação clínico-ocupacional, incluindo análise da atividade com o instrumento musical; visitas técnicas aoslocais de trabalho, assistência individual ou atividades em grupo e, ações educativas e preventivas, como a elaboração de um folheto informativo e workshops sobre a saúde do músico. De dezembro de 2009 a maio de 2015 foram atendidos 122 músicos, sendo amaioria instrumentistas, do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 32 anos. As reavaliações e os relatos dos trabalhadores assistidos demonstraram que os objetivos do programa vêm sendo alcançados, principalmente no que diz respeito ao autogerenciamento das estratégias de enfrentamento dos riscos de adoecimento no trabalho. Para dar sustentação científica aos resultados, foi elaborado um protocolo sistematizando as atividades em grupo, que se encontra em fase de avaliação. Espera-se que a experiência do SEST com relação a saúde do músico possa auxiliar outros profissionais e serviços a se organizar frente as demandas deste coletivo.
Predictors of Physician Under-Recognition of Angina in Outpatients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Arnold Suzanne V. , Grodzinsky Anna , Gosch Kensey L. , Kosiborod Mikhail , Jones Philip G. , Breeding Tracie , Towheed Arooge , Beltrame John , Alexander Karen P. , Spertus John A.
Published: August 2016

Background—

Under-recognition of angina by physicians may result in undertreatment with revascularization or medications that could improve patients’ quality of life. We sought to describe characteristics associated with under-recognition of patients’ angina.

Methods and Results—

Patients with coronary disease from 25 US cardiology outpatient practices completed the Seattle Angina Questionnaire before their clinic visit, quantifying their frequency of angina during the previous month. Immediately after the clinic visit, physicians independently quantified their patients’ angina. Angina frequency was categorized as none, monthly, and daily/weekly. Among 1257 patients, 411 reported angina in the previous month, of whom 173 (42%) were under-recognized by their physician, defined as the physician reporting a lower frequency category of angina than the patient. In a hierarchical logistic model, heart failure (odds ratio, 3.06, 95% confidence interval, 1.89–4.95) and less-frequent angina (odds ratio for monthly angina [versus daily/weekly], 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.56) were associated with greater odds of under-recognition. No other patient or physician factors were associated with under-recognition. Significant variability across physicians (median odds ratio, 2.06) was observed.

Conclusions—

Under-recognition of angina is common in routine clinical practice. Although patients with less-frequent angina and those with heart failure more often had their angina under-recognized, most variation was unrelated to patient and physician characteristics. The large variation across physicians suggests that some physicians are more accurate in assessing angina frequency than others. Standardized prospective use of a validated clinical tool, such as the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, should be tested as a means to improve recognition of angina and, potentially, improve appropriate treatment of angina.
Resolving Lipid Mediators Maresin 1 and Resolvin D2 Prevent Atheroprogression in Mice
Authors: Viola Joana R. , Lemnitzer Patricia , Jansen Yvonne , Csaba Gergely , Winter Carla , Neideck Carlos , Silvestre-Roig Carlos , Dittmar Gunnar , Döring Yvonne , Drechsler Maik , Weber Christian , Zimmer Ralf , Cenac Nicolas , Soehnlein Oliver
Published: August 2016

Rationale:

Atheroprogression is a consequence of nonresolved inflammation, and currently a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms preventing resolution is missing. However, in acute inflammation, resolution is known to be orchestrated by a switch from inflammatory to resolving lipid mediators. Therefore, we hypothesized that lesional lipid mediator imbalance favors atheroprogression.

Objective:

To understand the lipid mediator balance during atheroprogression and to establish an interventional strategy based on the delivery of resolving lipid mediators.

Methods and Results:

Aortic lipid mediator profiling of aortas from
Apoe

−/−

mice fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, 8 weeks, or 4 months revealed an expansion of inflammatory lipid mediators, Leukotriene B4 and Prostaglandin E2, and a concomitant decrease of resolving lipid mediators, Resolvin D2 (RvD2) and Maresin 1 (MaR1), during advanced atherosclerosis. Functionally, aortic Leukotriene B4 and Prostaglandin E2 levels correlated with traits of plaque instability, whereas RvD2 and MaR1 levels correlated with the signs of plaque stability. In a therapeutic context, repetitive RvD2 and MaR1 delivery prevented atheroprogression as characterized by halted expansion of the necrotic core and accumulation of macrophages along with increased fibrous cap thickness and smooth muscle cell numbers. Mechanistically, RvD2 and MaR1 induced a shift in macrophage profile toward a reparative phenotype, which secondarily stimulated collagen synthesis in smooth muscle cells.

Conclusions:

We present evidence for the imbalance between inflammatory and resolving lipid mediators during atheroprogression. Delivery of RvD2 and MaR1 successfully prevented atheroprogression, suggesting that resolving lipid mediators potentially represent an innovative strategy to resolve arterial inflammation.
Race‐Specific Predictors of Mortality in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Differential Impacts of Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Age Among Blacks and Whites
Authors: Faigle Roland , Marsh Elisabeth B. , Llinas Rafael H. , Urrutia Victor C. , Gottesman Rebecca F.
Published: August 2016

Background

Intracerebral hemorrhage (
ICH
) carries high risk for short‐term mortality. We sought to identify race‐specific predictors of mortality in
ICH
patients.

Methods and Results

We used 2 databases, the Johns Hopkins clinical stroke database and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (
NIS
). We included 226 patients with the primary diagnosis of spontaneous
ICH
from our stroke database between 2010 and 2013; in the
NIS
, 42 077 patients met inclusion criteria. Logistic regression was used to assess differences in predictors of mortality in blacks compared to whites. In our clinical stroke database, Glasgow Coma Scale (
GCS
;
P
=0.016),
ICH
volume (
P
=0.013), intraventricular haemorrhage (
IVH
;
P
=0.023), and diabetes mellitus (
P
=0.037) were predictors of mortality in blacks, whereas
GCS
(
P
=0.007),
ICH
volume (
P
=0.005), age (
P
=0.002), chronic kidney disease (
P
=0.003), and smoking (
P
=0.010) predicted mortality in whites. Among patients with
IVH
, blacks had over 7 times higher odds of mortality compared to whites (odds ratio [
OR
], 7.27;
P
value for interaction, 0.017) and were more likely to present with hydrocephalus (
OR
, 2.76;
P
=0.026). In the
NIS
, black
ICH
patients had higher rates of external ventricular drain (
EVD
) placement compared to whites (9.7% vs 5.0%;
P
<0.001) and were more likely to develop hydrocephalus (
OR
, 1.32; 95%
CI
, 1.20–1.46). Comparison of a race‐specific
ICH
score to the original
ICH
score showed that the various
ICH
score components have differential relevance for
ICH
score performance by race.

Conclusions

IVH
and age differentially predict mortality among blacks and whites. Blacks have higher rates of obstructive hydrocephalus and more frequently require
EVD
placement compared to their white counterparts.
Micromorphological features revealing two new species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) from Brazil, segregated from P. hirsutissima
Authors: SANTOS THAÍLA VIEIRA A. , COELHO ALEXA ARAÚJO DE O. PAES , DÓREA MARCOS DA COSTA , SANTOS FRANCISCO DE ASSIS R. DOS , LEITE KELLY REGINA B. , OLIVEIRA REYJANE PATRÍCIA
Published: August 2016

Portulaca hirsutissima (Portulacaceae) is a succulent herb occurring in open fields, sandy or rocky soil of separate Brazilian areas. On the basis of the analyses of seeds and pollen grains macro- and micromorphology, a significative variation, which is related to the distribution pattern, was found. Two new species are here proposed, described and illustrated. Portulaca giuliettiae sp. nov. occurs in Eastern Brazil, from Paraiba to Rio de Janeiro and P. goiasensis sp. nov. is restricted to the Chapada dos Veadeiros, in Central Brazil. P. hirsutissima is now to be considered as a restricted species from Minas Gerais State. A lectotype for the name P. hirsutissima is designated from a specimen preserved at P.
Bellevalia behcetii sp. nov. (Asparagaceae): a new species from South Eastern Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: PINAR SÜLEYMAN MESUT , EROĞLU HÜSEYİN , FİDAN MEHMET
Published: August 2016

Bellevalia behcetii (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Şırnak province in South Eastern Anatolia (Turkey). It is morphologically similar to B. paradoxa but easily differs in several morphological characters. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description and detailed illustrations of the new species are provided. A quantitative morphometric analysis was carried out to check the diagnostic characters of Bellevalia behcetii with respect to morphologically related species. The somatic chromosome number was determined as 2n = 2x = 8 in B. behcetii. In addition, the ecology and phenology of the new species, as well as its etymology and the pollen characteristics, are presented and discussed. The conservation status of B. behcetii was assessed according to IUCN protocol. A distribution map of B. behcetii and related species is also presented.
Gastrodia isabelensis and G. solomonensis (Gastrodieae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae): two new species representing a new generic record in the Solomon Islands
Authors: HSU TIAN-CHUAN , FANERII MOFFAT , YANG TSUNG-YU ALECK , PITISOPA FRED , LI CHIA-WEI
Published: August 2016

Two new mycoheterotrophic orchids, Gastrodia isabelensis and G. solomonensis, are described and illustrated from the Solomon Islands. The genus Gastrodia is also recorded in the country for the first time. Gastrodia isabelensis is close to G. callosa from Java and Taiwan but differs in having longer inflorescences, broadly ovate to semiorbicular sepal lobes, ovate-orbicular petal lobes and lips with mauve basal calli, semiorbicular epichiles and greenish brown apical keels. Gastrodia solomonensis is close to G. queenslandica from NE Australia but is distinguished by having much longer perianth tubes, larger lips with elliptic mesochiles, and wider columns.
Lectotypification of Selaginella decomposita (Selaginellaceae)
Authors: GÓES-NETO LUIZ ARMANDO DE ARAÚJO , ASSIS ELTON LUIS MONTEIRO DE , SALINO ALEXANDRE
Published: August 2016

During the preparation of the taxonomic treatment of Selaginellaceae from Brazil (Góes-Neto et al. in prep.) we discovered that various Neotropical – particularly Brazilian – species were poorly typified. Of the species assessed, we verified that ca. 20 species already have a lectotype designated inadvertently (see McNeil et al. 2012, Art. 7.10 and 9.23, Prado et al. 2015) by Alston (1936) and Alston et al. (1981) although, these lectotypifications seem to be unknown to most taxonomists working on Selaginella (Góes-Neto et al. in prep.). However, several Neotropical species still lack lectotypification. One of these is Selaginella decomposita Spring (1840: 123), and in accordance with the Articles 9.2, 9.11 and 9.12 of the Melbourne Code (McNeil et al. 2012), we designate a lectotype for this species below.
The goblin spider genus Ischnothyreus (Araneae, Oonopidae) in Java and Sumatra
Authors: RICHARD MIGUEL , GRABER WERNER , KROPF CHRISTIAN
Published: August 2016

The genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Java and Sumatra is revised with the description of seven new species from Java (I. baltenspergerae sp. nov., I. bauri sp. nov., I. gigeri sp. nov., I. ligulatus sp. nov., I. nentwigorum sp. nov., I. sigridae sp. nov., I. ujungkulon sp. nov) and eight from Sumatra (I. ascifer sp. nov., I. concavus sp. nov., I. habeggeri sp. nov., I. haymozi sp. nov., I. lucidus sp. nov., I. marggii sp. nov., I. microphthalmus sp. nov., I. obscurus sp. nov.). Furthermore the male of I. serpentinum Saaristo, 2001 is described for the first time and the female redescribed in detail. Special morphological features of Ischnothyreus males and females are described and discussed, such as peculiar trochanter projections, partially fused pedipalp segments, processes on the cheliceral fang base in males and external and internal genitalic structures in females. This work is part of the Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI) of goblin spiders (http://research.amnh.org/oonopidae/).
Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world
Authors: HERNANDES FABIO A. , SKVARLA MICHAEL J. , FISHER J. RAY , DOWLING ASHLEY P. G. , OCHOA RONALD , UECKERMANN EDWARD A. , BAUCHAN GARY R.
Published: August 2016

Bdellidae (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata) are moderate to large sized predatory mites that inhabit soil, leaves, leaf litter, and intertidal rocks. They are readily recognized by an elongated, snout-like gnathosoma and by elbowed pedipalps bearing two (one in Monotrichobdella Baker & Balock) long terminal setae. Despite being among the first mites ever described, with species described by Carl Linnaeus, the knowledge about bdellids has never been compiled into a taxonomic catalogue. Here we present a catalogue listing 278 valid species; for each species we include distribution information, taxonomic literature, and type depository institutions. The genus Rigibdella Tseng, 1978 is considered a junior synonym of Cyta von Heyden, 1826, and Bdellodes Oudemans, 1937 is considered a junior synonym of Odontoscirus Tohr, 1913. Illustrated keys to subfamilies and genera are presented, as well as keys to species of each genus.
The Obama Legacy and the Future of Partisan Conflict
Authors: Jacobson Gary C.
Published: August 2016

Past research has shown that the perceived successes or failures of presidents have a durable influence on the partisan leanings and political attitudes of people who come of political age during their administrations. Here, I examine data from 344 Gallup surveys with a total of 399,755 respondents interviewed during the Obama presidency to (1) document the extent to which generational imprinting is visible among citizens and demographic subgroups in their party identification and ideology, (2) determine how the political identities and ideologies of people who have come of age during Obama’s presidency have evolved compared with those of earlier presidential generations, (3) explore the implications of the population’s changing demographic makeup and the political attitudes expressed by younger age cohorts for the future partisan balance of the American electorate, and (4) consider how the competition to succeed Obama is likely to affect partisan identities forged during his administration.
‘Is America afraid of the truth?’ The aborted North American trip of Shapuriji Saklatvala, MP
Authors: Zumoff J.A.
Published: August 2016

In the fall of 1925, S.J. Saklatvala, an Indian-born Communist Member of the British Parliament, attempted to travel to the United States for the annual meeting of the Interparliamentary Union. At the last minute, the US government revoked his visa because of his Communist politics. This article examines this affair, analyses American government’s decision and the British government’s reaction, and places this in the context of the anti-Communist sentiment in Britain and the United States during the 1920s. Finally, the article examines the unsucessful campaign against the ban, emphasising how the campaign allowed Communists to build support among different sectors of the population.
Three tasks for mediatization research: contributions to an open agenda
Authors: Ekström Mats , Fornäs Johan , Jansson André , Jerslev Anne
Published: August 2016

Based on the interdisciplinary experience of a Swedish research committee, this article discusses critical conceptual issues raised by the current debate on mediatization – a concept that holds great potential to constitute a space for synthesized understandings of media-related social transformations. In contrast to other, more metaphorical constructions, mediatization can be studied empirically in systematic ways through various sub-processes that together provide a complex picture of how culture and everyday life evolve in times of media saturation. The first part of this article argues that mediatization researchers have sometimes formulated too grand claims as to mediatization’s status as a unitary approach, a meta-theory or a paradigm. Such claims have led to problematic confusions around the concept and should be abandoned in favour of a more open agenda. In line with such a call for openness, the second part of the article introduces historicity, specificity and measurability as three transdisciplinary and transparadigmatic tasks for the contemporary mediatization research agenda.
The effects of a home-based arm ergometry exercise programme on physical fitness, fatigue and activity in Polio survivors: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Murray D , Hardiman O , Campion A , Vance R , Horgan F , Meldrum D
Published: August 2016

Objective:

To investigate the effect of an eight-week home-based arm ergometry aerobic exercise programme on physical fitness, fatigue, activity and quality of life in Polio Survivors.

Design:

An assessor blinded randomised controlled trial.

Setting:

Home-based exercise.

Subjects:

Fifty-five Polio survivors randomised to exercise or control groups.

Intervention:

Home-based arm ergometry at an intensity of 50%-70% maximum heart rate, compared with usual physiotherapy care.

Main measures:

The Six-minute Arm Test, Fatigue Severity Scale, Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities and SF-36. Assessments were completed at baseline and at eight weeks.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the primary outcome, exercising heart rate during the Six-minute Arm Test, between the groups at follow-up [97.6 (SD10.1) compared to 102.4 (SD13.7) beats per minute ( P=0.20)]. Blood pressure was significantly lower in the intervention group at follow-up [systolic blood pressure 132(18.6)mmHg compared to 144.1(14.6)mmHg ( P=0.002)]. There were no between group differences in the Fatigue Severity Scale ( P=0.25) or Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities ( P=0.49), with a small difference in SF-36 physical component score ( P=0.04).

Conclusions:

This home-based arm ergometry programme successfully facilitated aerobic exercise in Polio Survivors, but did not result in a significant change in physical fitness, measured by the Six-minute Arm Test.
Emotion Regulation Predicts Imagery Ability
Authors: Anuar Nurwina , Cumming Jennifer , Williams Sarah
Published: August 2016

This study explored the relationship between athletes’ emotion regulation and imagery ability. A total of 648 athletes (57% female; Mage = 20.79 years, SD = 4.36) completed the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized model in which reappraisal positively predicted all SIAQ subscales. However, suppression had no significant association with imagery ability despite being predicted to be negatively associated. Results support the revised applied model of deliberate imagery use that individual characteristics will influence the imagery experience. Specifically, athletes who reappraise their emotions more frequently find it easier to image sport related content.
Domestic Violence Offender Treatment and Multidisciplinary Treatment Teams: The Role of “Treatment” Victim Advocates
Authors: Richards Tara N. , Gover Angela R.
Published: August 2016

In Colorado, “treatment victim advocates” (TVAs) serve alongside providers and probation/parole officers on “multidisciplinary treatment teams” (MTTs) to oversee domestic violence offender’s treatment. Although this model provides an opportunity for victim safety concerns to be heard, the utility of using victim advocates as advisors regarding interventions for domestic violence offenders has yet to be studied. Using survey data and narrative responses from TVAs ( N = 37), the current study examines the challenges and opportunities TVAs face while serving on MTTs. Results suggest that, overall, TVAs are successful in communicating with other members of the MTT, are confident that their perspectives are valued in the offender decision-making process, and are able to provide a wide variety of services and referrals to the victims with whom they are engaged. Implications and recommendations for the Colorado model as well as correctional professionals managing domestic violence offenders internationally are presented and discussed.
The anterior hypothalamus in cluster headache
Authors: Arkink Enrico B , Schmitz Nicole , Schoonman Guus G , van Vliet Jorine A , Haan Joost , van Buchem Mark A , Ferrari Michel D , Kruit Mark C
Published: August 2016

Objective

To evaluate the presence, localization, and specificity of structural hypothalamic and whole brain changes in cluster headache and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH).

Methods

We compared T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of subjects with cluster headache (episodic n = 24; chronic n = 23; probable n = 14), CPH ( n = 9), migraine (with aura n = 14; without aura n = 19), and no headache ( n = 48). We applied whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using two complementary methods to analyze structural changes in the hypothalamus: region-of-interest analyses in whole brain VBM, and manual segmentation of the hypothalamus to calculate volumes. We used both conservative VBM thresholds, correcting for multiple comparisons, and less conservative thresholds for exploratory purposes.

Results

Using region-of-interest VBM analyses mirrored to the headache side, we found enlargement ( p < 0.05, small volume correction) in the anterior hypothalamic gray matter in subjects with chronic cluster headache compared to controls, and in all participants with episodic or chronic cluster headache taken together compared to migraineurs. After manual segmentation, hypothalamic volume (mean±SD) was larger ( p < 0.05) both in subjects with episodic (1.89 ± 0.18 ml) and chronic (1.87 ± 0.21 ml) cluster headache compared to controls (1.72 ± 0.15 ml) and migraineurs (1.68 ± 0.19 ml). Similar but non-significant trends were observed for participants with probable cluster headache (1.82 ± 0.19 ml; p = 0.07) and CPH (1.79 ± 0.20 ml; p = 0.15). Increased hypothalamic volume was primarily explained by bilateral enlargement of the anterior hypothalamus. Exploratory whole brain VBM analyses showed widespread changes in pain-modulating areas in all subjects with headache.

Interpretation

The anterior hypothalamus is enlarged in episodic and chronic cluster headache and possibly also in probable cluster headache or CPH, but not in migraine.
Analysis of Unplanned Intensive Care Unit Admissions in Postoperative Pediatric Patients
Authors: Landry Elizabeth K. , Gabriel Rodney A. , Beutler Sascha , Dutton Richard P. , Urman Richard D.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Currently, there are only a few retrospective, single-institution studies that have addressed the prevalence and risk factors associated with unplanned admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery. Based on the limited amount of studies, it appears that airway and respiratory complications put a child at increased risk for unplanned ICU admission. A more extensive and diverse analysis of unplanned postoperative admissions to the ICU is needed to address risk factors that have yet to be revealed by the current literature.

Aim:

To establish a rate of unplanned postoperative ICU admissions in pediatric patients using a large, multi-institution data set and to further characterize the associated risk factors.

Methods:

Data from the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry were analyzed. We recorded the overall risk of unplanned postoperative ICU admission in patients younger than 18 years and performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the associated patient, surgical, and anesthetic-related characteristics.

Results:

Of the 324 818 cases analyzed, 211 reported an unexpected ICU admission. There was an increased likelihood of unplanned postoperative ICU in infants (age <1 year) and children who were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification of III or IV. Likewise, longer case duration and cases requiring general anesthesia were also associated with unplanned ICU admissions.

Conclusion:

This study establishes a rate of unplanned ICU admission following surgery in the heterogeneous pediatric population. This is the first study to utilize such a large data set encompassing a wide range of practice environments to identify risk factors leading to unplanned postoperative ICU admissions. Our study revealed that patient, surgical, and anesthetic complexity each contributed to an increased number of unplanned ICU admissions in the pediatric population.