bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perinatal outcomes after a prenatal diagnosis of a fetal copy number variant: A retrospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Pynaker Cecilia , McCoy Jacqui , Halliday Jane , Lewis Sharon , Amor David J , Walker Susan P , Hui Lisa
Published: April 2024

Background
There are no established guidelines for the follow up of infants born after a prenatal diagnosis of a genomic copy number variant (CNV), despite their increased risk of developmental issues. The aims of this study were (i) to determine the perinatal outcomes of fetuses diagnosed with and without a CNV, and (ii) to establish a population-based paediatric cohort for long term developmental follow up.
Methods
An Australian state-wide research database was screened for pregnant individuals who had a prenatal chromosomal microarray (CMA) between 2013–2019 inclusive. Following linkage to laboratory records and clinical referrer details, hospital records were manually reviewed for study eligibility. Eligible participants were mother-child pairs where the pregnancy resulted in a livebirth, the mother was able to provide informed consent in English (did not require a translator) and the mother was the primary caregiver for the child at hospital discharge after birth. Research invitations were sent by registered post at an average of six years after the prenatal diagnostic test. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata17.
Results
Of 1832 prenatal records examined, 1364 (74.5%) mother-child pairs were eligible for recruitment into the follow up cohort. Of the 468 ineligible, 282 (60.3%) had ‘no live pregnancy outcome’ (209 terminations of pregnancy (TOP) and 73 miscarriages, stillbirths, and infant deaths), 157 (33.5%) required a translator, and 29 (6.2%) were excluded for other reasons. TOP rates varied by the type of fetal CNV detected: 49.3% (109/221) for pathogenic CNVs, 18.2% (58/319) for variants of uncertain significance and 3.3% (42/1292) where no clinically significant CNV was reported on CMA. Almost 77% of invitation letters were successfully delivered (1047/1364), and the subsequent participation rate in the follow up cohort was 19.2% (201/1047).
Conclusions
This study provides Australia’s first population-based data on perinatal outcomes following prenatal diagnostic testing with CMA. The relatively high rates of pregnancy loss for those with a prenatal diagnosis of a CNV presented a challenge for establishing a paediatric cohort to examine long term outcomes. Recruiting a mother-child cohort via prenatal ascertainment is a complex and resource-intensive process, but an important step in understanding the impact of a CNV diagnosis in pregnancy and beyond.
Trial registration:
ACTRN12620000446965p; Registered on April 6, 2020.
Exploring the Role of Stakeholder Collaboration in Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Authors: Cooper Mason
Published: April 2024

This qualitative study delves into the pivotal role of stakeholder collaboration in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), aiming to elucidate the mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities inherent in collaborative sustainability efforts within supply chains. Through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders from diverse industries and sectors, the research explores stakeholders' perspectives, experiences, and practices related to collaboration in SSCM. The findings underscore the critical importance of collaboration in driving sustainability goals within supply chains, facilitating trust, transparency, and mutual understanding among stakeholders. Despite its recognized significance, the study identifies challenges and barriers to effective collaboration, including divergent interests, power imbalances, resource constraints, and communication barriers. Moreover, the study highlights the role of technological advancements and collaborative platforms in enhancing stakeholder collaboration in SSCM, providing tools and resources to enhance transparency, traceability, and accountability within supply chains. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of regulatory frameworks and industry standards in shaping collaborative sustainability efforts within supply chains, providing guidelines and incentives for organizations to adopt sustainable practices and collaborate with stakeholders. Overall, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of stakeholder collaboration in SSCM and offers insights for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and industry stakeholders seeking to harness collaborative approaches to advance sustainability goals and create value for all stakeholders involved.
Structural Relationship between SMEs' Creating Shared Value Activities, Recognizing Corporate Social Status, Growth Mindset, and GRIT: Verification of Mediating Effect of Recognizing Corporate Social Status & Growth Mindset
Authors:   Human Engagement Institute, Song Youngsun , Lee YeonJoo , Jeon Eunji
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the relationship between SMEs’ CSV (economic and social value) activities, recognizing corporate social status, growth mindset, GRIT (passion and persistence), and the mediating effect of the growth mindset. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted targeting employees of SMEs, and effective data from 333 participants were used with a response rate of 88.09%. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed on the collected data using SPSS and AMOS, and the structural equation model and mediation effect were verified. As a result of the study, First, CSV’s social value creation activities significantly positively affected the ‘recognizing corporate social status’. Second, ‘recognizing corporate social status’ had a significantly positive effect on ‘growth mindset’, but did not significantly affect ‘GRIT’. Third, ‘growth mindset’ significantly positively affected perseverance within GRIT, but did not affect ‘passion’. Fourth, ‘recognizing corporate social status’ significantly positively affected the ‘perseverance’ of GRIT through a ‘growth mindset’. This study is significant in that, based on the research results, it proposed a plan to improve employees' GRIT and 'growth mindset' from the perspective of human resource development in SMEs.
Meta-Analysis on Capstone Design Instruction
Authors:   Human Engagement Institute, Kwak Jinwoo , Hong Ah Jeong
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the instructional design factors of each type of capstone design in universities. Topic modeling and keyword network analysis were conducted by extracting keywords from a total of 50 articles published in journals, and the results are as follows. Capstone design has different types of instructional design elements. First, in the ‘corporate linkage type’, words about the major field and industry appeared, such as 'engineer, fashion, industry'; second, in the ‘social problem solving type’, words about society, solution, service, and field appeared, such as ‘service, solve, field, social’; third, in the ‘creative type’, words about type, type, and field appeared. Third, in the ‘creative type’, words about the subject or type appeared, such as ‘type, subject’. Fourth, in the ‘entrepreneurial type’, words such as ‘compete, active’ appeared, indicating that students are active in competing to start a business. Based on these results, the study describes the factors that should be considered when designing a capstone design course and suggest implications for future effective course design.
Implications from the Organizational Values and Vision of the Top 100 Global Companies for Korean Higher Education
Authors:   Human Engagement Institute, Bae Sang-Hoon , Jeon Sue-Bin , Cho Sung-Bum , Kwon Eun-Bi , Jeon Ji-Hye , Kim Hye-Yeon
Published: April 2024

This study aims to investigate the organizational values and visions of the world's top 100 global companies, which lead global industry and market, and to draw implications for nurturing future talents at Korean higher education institutions. 546 keywords were finally derived from the world’s top 100 global companies. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the keywords with high frequency were innovation, integrity, customer obsession, excellence, and inclusion. Second, as a result of network analysis, keyword were divided into three groups. Third, the coherence distribution of key keywords was found to be differentiated by company type (high-tech/non-high-tech companies). Based on these research results, this study presented implications for Korean higher education.
Unfolding the determinants of university students’ intentions toward digital social entrepreneurship
Authors: Mobarak Karim Md. , Rahman Tanchi Khadiza , Noor Farhana , Kabir Shahana , Akhter Sabrina
Published: April 2024

Digital social entrepreneurship is increasingly receiving recognition in emerging economies to maximize societal benefit. The objective of this study is to examine the factors determining students’ intentions toward digital social entrepreneurial ventures. The targeted population was students of various programs, namely business, humanities, science, tourism, and pharmacy, of private and public universities in Bangladesh. This study is quantitative and exploratory in nature, whereas online self-administered questionnaires were prepared to collect data from 433 students in Bangladesh between January and June 2023. The model was tested and the hypotheses were confirmed at the 5% significance level using SPSS v26.0; a Cronbach’s alpha (α) value of 0.70 or higher was considered adequate for measuring reliability. The results show that students’ innovativeness, social pro-activeness, and risk-taking motive positively affect their intention toward digital social entrepreneurial intention. These results may aid in developing successful plans and regulations to support the expansion of digital social entrepreneurial intention in Bangladesh by the government, non-governmental organizations, the neighborhood, civil society, and researchers.
Cyber immune development approach. Microservices based illustration
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sobolev Sergey P.
Published: April 2024

The author believes, that ensuring the information security of systems should begin at the design stage, rather than after implementation is over and verification starts. Also the author supports the point of view, that it is impossible to guarantee absolute information security, eliminate all defects and vulnerabilities from code once and forever. It is more realistic to assume that there are software defects are present in the inner permimeter of any system and the main question is how critical this issue will be for the systems customer assets. Developers shall focus their efforts in design and implementation in such a way that probability of successful attacks compromising system security objectives through critical code is minimal. Also such critical parts are defined and optimised for size and complexity during design phase, separated from non-critical parts, substantial efforts are invested in high qualirty implementation and thorough testing of such critical parts. The article describes how built-in protection against vulnerabilities and attacks can be illustrated using microservices-based architecture.
On bifurcations of chaotic attractors in a pulse width modulated control system
Authors:   Southwest State University, Zhusubaliyev Zhanybai T. , Sopuev Ulanbek A. ,   Osh State University, Bushuev Dmitry A. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov, Kucherov Andrey S. ,   Southwest State University, Abdirasulov Aitibek Z. ,   Osh State University
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses bifurcational phenomena in a control system with pulse-width modulation of the first kind. We show that the transition from a regular dynamics to chaos occurs in a sequence of classical supercritical period doubling and border collision bifurcations. As a parameter is varied, one can observe a cascade of doubling of the cyclic chaotic intervals, which are associated with homoclinic bifurcations of unstable periodic orbits. Such transition are also refereed as merging bifurcation (known also as merging crisis). At the bifurcation point, the unstable periodic orbit collides with some of the boundaries of a chaotic attractor and as a result, the periodic orbit becomes a homoclinic. This condition we use for obtain equations for bifurcation boundaries in the form of an explicit dependence on the parameters. This allow us to determine the regions of stability for periodic orbits and domains of the existence of four-, two- and one-band chaotic attractors in the parameter plane.
Synthesis of pressure control laws at wells to optimize gas condensate mining
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Korovkin Maxim V. , Sotnikova Margarita V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Zhabko Natalia A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Lepikhin Timur A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Sevostyanov Ruslan A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Babin Vladimir M. ,   Nedra Digital, Gimazov Azat A. ,   Gazpromneft Science & Technology Centre
Published: April 2024

The paper is devoted to the problem of optimizing gas condensate mining in the process of developing a given number of wells in a field. The essence of the problem is such a distribution of control actions, which are wells pressures, at which, for a given fixed rate of gas mixture mining, maximum gas condensate extraction is ensured at a certain planning horizon. A formalized formulation of the problem is carried out and it is shown that it reduces to a nonlinear programming problem with essentially nonlinear objective function and constraints. Two different approaches to finding the optimal solution are proposed. The first of them is based on solving the original optimization problem, and the second one — on simplifying it in order to reduce the computational costs of finding a solution. A numerical example of gas condensate mining for five wells is presented and a comparison of the obtained modeling results for these two algorithms is performed.
Russian Language Olympiad as a Cognitive and Cultural Experiment (on the Material of the “Lyro-Epic Hymn for Driving the French out of the Fatherland” G. R. Derzhavin)
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Aksarina Natalia A. , Trofimova Olga V. ,   University of Tyumen
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the peculiarities of the methodological approach to the formation of tasks for the school Olympiad in the Russian language as a set of complementary research tasks. The cultural and cognitive orientation of the developed competences of students, text-centeredness as the basis of the theoretical concept of the developers, and the cultural and historical value of the text material are brought up to date. The teaching and controlling functionalities of the tasks are evaluated. By the example of the analysis of the set of tasks for the Interregional Olympiad “Mendeleev” on the example of “Lyro-epic Hymn for driving the French out of the Fatherland” by G. R. Derzhavin the expediency of forming the whole set on the basis of a single text is substantiated. The systemic nature of this kind of tasks allows participants of the Olympiad to come to a holistic understanding of the text, based on its linguistic analysis, contributes to the development of analytical reading skills. Appealing to the text material of the past epochs lets see the language facts and phenomena in dynamics, realize the language and culture connected with it in the process of development, develop associative thinking, based on the interdisciplinary links and encyclopedic background knowledge. The research character of the Olympiad presupposes, firstly, a scientific grounding of the tasks formulated by the teachers in connection with the linguistic problems, revealed by them during the analysis of the literary text (in particular, punctuation differences were revealed in the editions of the text of “Hymn…” of 1815, 1870, and the semantics of the differences was comprehended). Secondly, a participant of the Olympiad finds himself in a situation of “cognitive-cultural experiment”, in which it is impossible to directly reproduce the knowledge formed by the school curriculum, but requires their integration in the process of interpreting the pupil’s personal experience of linguistic reflection.
Russian Philology at Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod in the Light of Modern Strategies of Scholarly Search
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Radbil Timur B. , Ruchina Liudmila I. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Urtmintseva Marina G. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Iukhnova Irina S. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: April 2024

The article highlights the main scholarly trends in Russian philology, which are being developed by the scholars of the Institute of Philology and Journalism of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod. In the last 20 years, the Chair of Modern Russian and General Linguistics has been working on a new scholarly research area related to the study of active processes in the modern Russian language. The Chair of Teaching Russian Language in other Language Environments has created and successfully tested a methodology for describing the concepts of Russian culture, which involves identifying a variety of paradigmatic, syntagmatic, derivational relationships of words nominating the concept in direct textual use, as well as analyzing the interpretation of the word in dictionaries. The Chair of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics actively develops cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, linguopoetics, as well as the theory and practice of carrying out the linguistic expertise. An important component of the scholarly research of members of the Chair of Slavic Philology and Culture is the study of the history of the Russian language, modern Slavic languages, Russian literature of the 19th–21st centuries in its connections with the literature of the Eastern and Western Slavs. At the Chair of Russian Literature, serious research is being carried out in the field of studying A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, classical and modern Russian lyrics, spiritual poetry, artistic anthropology, folklore and literary local history. The article draws the conclusion that an effective scholarly environment has been created and is actively functioning at Lobachevsky National Research University of Nizhny Novgorod so far, which conduces to further consolidation of contribution of Nizhny Novgorod Russian language scholars to the most prominent areas of modern national humanitarian knowledge.
The Arctic and the North: The Problem of Conceptualization
Authors:   Empress Catherine II St. Petersburg Mining University, Kornilova Elena V.
Published: April 2024

The article is dеvoted to the problem of conceptualizing a holistic image of the Arctic and the North from a transdisciplinary perspective, as well as in the context of the spiritual and civilizational identity of Russia, the search for the national idea. The objectives of the study are to draw attention to the need to develop an integrative paradigm of Arctic socio-humanitarian knowledge, to identify cultural and symbolic codes in the mass consciousness that characterize the conceptual field “Arctic and North”. The notions of the Arctic and the North are considered as universal concepts of world culture, a deep understanding of which is possible only by interconnection of humanitarian component with natural science aspects of cognition. For full-fledged interpretation of the mental image of a place, “the spirit of a place”, not only specific spatial coordinates, event line and personalities are extremely important, but also artistic symbolism (literature, painting, cinema, etc.), as well as linguistic-communicative component (symbolic words, verbal associations, stable expressions). The article characterizes the phenomenon of northern literature based on the perception of the Russian North and the Arctic as a special mythopoetic space, the semantic cores of which are both concrete historical and sacred-mythological semantic components. The article briefly presents the results of associative experiment conducted with the students of Saint Petersburg Mining University in order to identify stereotypical ideas about the circumpolar region in the linguistic consciousness of young people. The representation of Arctic megatrends in the Russian and global media communication space is noted as a promising research direction, especially in connection with the intensification of geopolitical disagreements. The article makes a conclusion about the actualizing of the symbolic and ideological value of the Arctic and the North for modern Russia, which is especially important in the aspect of value-semantic interaction of generations.
Soviet Chekhovian Studies: On the Need of a Complete Bibliography Index and it’s Main Principles
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zaitsev Viktor S.
Published: April 2024

The author argues that a scholarly research is impossible without proper indexes. Many indexes of literature and anthologies are represented in Chekhovian studies. But, not all periods in the history of Russian Chekhovian studies are described in such indexes. The most completely described are the period of Chekhov’s life and the pre-revolutionary period, as well as the segment from 1960 to the present day. Period 1918–1959s is not described enough. This period is very important in the history of the Soviet Chekhovian Studies. The four decades is a period of creation of a new Marxist methodology, theoretical searches, and discussions in the press. The lack of a bibliography of this period oft en leads researchers to misconceptions about the weak scholars’ and mass readers’ interest in Chekhov’s heritage, about the lack of studying of many problems that literary critics turned to only in the 1960s. The most complete bibliography will help to avoid distortions of the historical-literary process. The index will allow raising the general level of historicism of contemporary research, to explicate some topical aspects of the works of the Soviet period, to lead scholars to new themes and also to develop such points of view on the advantages and disadvantages of the Soviet Chekhovian studies, that will be free of ideological cliches. To achieve these goals the bibliography must be founded on several principles: objectivity, accuracy and maximum possible completeness of the index. The compiling a bibliography of Soviet Chekhovian articles and books done at a high scholarly level will become a reliable theoretical foundation for conceptualizing everything that has been reached by Russian criticism on Anton Chekhov, and the crucial point of this criticism’s further way.
Predicative Adverbs in Russian and Modern Greek Languages: Linguodidactic Approach
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Pankov Fedor I. , Mareeva Yulia A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: April 2024

The article deals with Russian predicative adverbs in comparison with their Modern Greek correlates. Methodological basis of the research is functional communicative grammar. The authors consider the interrelations between the notions of traditional formal descriptive grammar such as “the category of state”, “modal words”, “predicative”, “predicative adverbs”. Authors’ vision of word classes is based on multiple-factor analysis: the word belongs to a particular category (part of speech), if it is characterized by a set of morphological and syntactic features. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it made a first attempt to describe Russian predicative adverbs in comparison with Modern Greek ones in a systematic way and presented the fragment of linguodidactic model of Russian grammar on an example of adverbs vidno (it is seen) and vidimo (apparently). The authors have used as study materials the information from dictionaries, handbooks and manuals, Russian National Corpus as well as errors made by Greek learners while using Russian adverbial lexemes in their oral and written speech. The language units are being analyzed on the level of their lexicosemantic variants. The purpose of the work is to bring to the fore the relevant in terms of teaching Russian as a foreign language morphological, syntactic, stylistic, syntagmatic, discursive characteristics of the specified predicative adverbs and to develop an appropriate set of tasks and exercises which will answer students’ communicative needs. The explanations and exercises are focused primarily on Greek learners but can be also applied while teaching the speakers of other languages. Nationally-oriented teaching Russian language, multiple-factor model of description of lexical units allows the authors to arrange the study process in the most efficient way and facilitate the building of stable communicative skills.
Scientific Style of Speech in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language: General and Specific
Authors:   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Prokofyeva Larisa P. , Novikova Natalya S. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Mikhaylova Olga E. ,   Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Aff  airs of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the dynamic process of mastering the scientific style of speech at the all stages of teaching Russian as a foreign language in universities of different profi les. The tendency towards the rapid growth of terminological vocabulary in all languages of the world is noted, with reference to significant facts from the history of the development of scientific style of speech worldwide and in Russia. It shows the transformations it has undergone, changing over time just as the language itself changes. The similarity of scientific descriptions in different languages is emphasised, and the sources and factors influencing the formation of the learner’s scientific consciousness are analysed. The role of language training in the process of studying the stylistic nature of language is revealed, and the linguodidactic potential of working with a scientific text through the triad “lexicon — construction — text” is described. Recommendations are given on ways to expand the traditional set of constructions at all stages of training and text selection, and the author’s “rule of four T’s” is substantiated. Types of exercises are provided, such as creating a plan, a reference scheme, assembling a coherent whole from paragraphs, performing compression, “anti-compression”, etc. The pedagogical experiment is described, which allowed answering the question: how do changes occur in mastering the fundamentals of scientific style in the Russian language among foreign students of different profiles? It is concluded that the scientific text, due to the uniqueness of sets of language formulas and patterns, becomes a powerful tool for understanding professional module disciplines. Working with scientific style allows the teacher to prepare the student for professional communication and contributes to the development of skills in using scientific style in oral and written forms.
Automatic Generation of Lexico-Grammatical Tests for Russian as a Foreign Language Using Predictive Language Models
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belyi Andrei V. , Mitrofanova Olga A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Dubinina Nadezhda А. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: April 2024

The authors argue that in teaching a foreign language, one of the basic needs of participants of the educational process is a sufficient number of educational data. Among the tasks that contribute to the acquisition of lexical and grammatical units, gap-filling exercises with multiple-choice have become particularly popular. Nowadays, creating unique tasks manually turns out to be laborintensive. Unlike English, the development of algorithms for exercise generation for Russian is not so active, despite the existing need. In this regard, the authors propose a method for automatic generation of tasks of this type for Russian as a foreign language (RFL). The proposed method is based on distributive semantic models like word2vec and allows to create tasks based on authentic texts, it does not depend on the genre and style of the text or the corresponding language level, and can be easily adapted for other languages. To train the word2vec model, a corpus of children’s and educational literature was developed to emulate the language experience of students. In the course of the work, a web application for teachers was also launched. To assess the consistency and relevance of generated tasks, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, naive native speakers of the Russian language were interviewed, while in the second, a survey of experts in RFL was carried out. The high degree of correctness of the tasks and the selected distractors is proved by high scores of precision (0.8) and recall (0.91). The experts have also noted the convenience of the web application.
Kuban State University: Russian Philology on the 45th Parallel
Authors:   Kuban State University, Abramov Valerii P. , Kuznetsova Olga I. ,   Kuban State University, Lekareva Irina N. ,   Kuban State University, Okovitaya Julia F. ,   Kuban State University
Published: April 2024

The article represents the history and modernity of philological scholarship in Kuban State University, the oldest university of classical education in the south of Russia, which has been preserving and developing the traditions in the sphere of education, science and social and educational activity since 1920. The authors describe the principal directions of philology development at the faculty: teaching Russian language and literature, academic research work in the field of literary studies, the history of Russian literature from its beginning up to present times, including literature of Russian expatriate community, literature of the peoples of Russia, literary regional studies, literary criticism, folklore studies, etc. One of the main directions of the research activities which the scholars have chosen is the search and comparison of the universal and nationally specific in the works of foreign and Russian poetry and prose. The problems of contemporary Russian language are discussed in the research and development project “Russian language potential”. The scholars of Kuban State University devote a lot of attention to studying Russian language from the perspective of psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, cross-cultural communication, sociolinguistics, terminology studies, discourse theory. The leading idea of scholarly interests of professors and associate professors is the theme of “Linguoaxiology”, revealing a valuable component of Russian language unit and Russian discourse field. It’s necessary to point out that the research of linguistic and methodological basic training of Russian as а Foreign language/Russian as Non-Native language, the training of specialists in this field, questions of linguo-didactic testing in Krasnodar region are carried out only at the department of Russian as а Foreign language at the Kuban State University. The scholars deal with the description of the semantics of Russian language, study the regional cultural component of onomastics and problems of language policy. The development and teaching of Russian as а foreign language are also aimed at the perception of the uniqueness of Russian civilization. Russian philology on the 45th parallel is trying to preserve and develop the world of the Russian word, and the Russian world as a concept containing natural bounds of language, mentality and culture.
CLDN18: Clinical, Pathological, and Genetic Signatures with Drug
Screening in Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hur Joon Young , Min Kyueng-Whan , Noh Yung-Kyun , Won Young-Woong , Yeo Yoomi , Kim Dong-Hoon , Son Byoung Kwan , Kwon Mi Jung , Pyo Jung Soo
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

The CLDN18 gene, encoding claudin 18.1 and claudin 18.2, is
a key component of tight junction strands in epithelial cells that form a paracellular barrier that is critical in Stomach Adenocarcinoma (STAD).

Methods:

Our study included 1,095 patients with proven STAD, 415 from The Cancer
Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and 680 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.
We applied various analyses, including gene set enrichment analysis, pathway analysis,
and in vitro drug screening to evaluate survival, immune cells, and genes and gene sets
associated with cancer progression, based on CLDN18 expression levels. Gradient boosting machine learning (70% for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing) was
used to evaluate the impact of CLDN18 on survival and develop a survival prediction
model.

Results:

High CLDN18 expression correlated with worse survival in lymphocyte-poor
STAD, accompanied by decreased helper T cells, altered metabolic genes, low necrosis-related gene expression, and increased tumor proliferation. CLDN18 expression
showed associations with gene sets associated with various stomach, breast, ovarian,
and esophageal cancers, while pathway analysis linked CLDN18 to immunity. Incorporating CLDN18 expression improved survival prediction in a machine learning model.
Notably, nutlin-3a and niraparib effectively inhibited high CLDN18-expressing gastric
cancer cells in drug screening.

Conclusion:

Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the biological role
of CLDN18-based bioinformatics and machine learning analysis in STAD, shedding
light on its prognostic significance and potential therapeutic implications. To fully elucidate the molecular intricacies of CLDN18, further investigation is warranted, particularly through in vitro and in vivo studies.
Impact of NF-κB Signaling and Sirtuin-1 Protein for Targeted
Inflammatory Intervention
Authors: Das Sagar , Mukherjee Tuhin , Mohanty Satyajit , Nayak Nikita , Mal Payel , Ashique Sumel , Pal Radheshyam , Mohanto Sourav , Sharma Himanshu
Published: April 2024

This detailed review disclosed the NF-κB pro-inflammatory gen's activity regulation
and explored the therapeutic significance, activation, and inhibition. This study uncovers the
structural intricacies of the NF-κB proteins and highlights the key role of SIRT1 in NF-kB signaling pathway regulation. Particularly the Rel Homology Domain (RHD), elucidating interactions and the regulatory mechanisms involving inhibitory proteins like IκB and p100 within the
NF-κB signaling cascade. Disruption of the pathway is important in uncontrolled inflammation
and immune disorders. This study extensively describes the role connections of canonical and
non-canonical signaling pathways of NF-κB with inflammatory and cellular responses. SIRT1
belongs to the class III histone deacetylase, via RelA/p65 deacetylation, it regulates the activity
of NF-κB, closely linked with the NAD+/NADH cellular ratio, influencing stress responses,
aging processes, gene regulation, and metabolic pathways. This detailed study reveals SIRT1 as
a crucial avenue for uncovering the role of imbalanced NF-κB in diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. This study provides valuable knowledge about the therapeutic targets of inflammatory
disorders.
The Hidden Enemy Within: Uncovering the Secrets of HIV Tissues
Reservoirs and Current mRNA Vaccine Development
Authors: Prakash Satyendra , Kumar Mayank
Published: April 2024

Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) continue to pose a significant global health
threat despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART). As a retrovirus, HIV persists as a
stable, integrated, and replication-competent provirus within a diverse array of long-lived cells for
many years, often termed “latent reservoirs” in individuals. Thus, this review aims to furnish a
comprehensive overview of diverse tissue reservoirs where HIV persists, elucidating their pathogenesis
and advancement in their strategies for clinical management. Understanding the mechanisms
underlying HIV persistence within tissue reservoirs is of significant interest in developing effective
ART for suppressing the virus in the blood. In addition, we also discussed the ongoing mRNA
HIV vaccine that has shown promising results in clinical trials to elicit broadly neutralizing
antibodies and effective T-cell responses against HIV.
The Efficiency of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) Elastography in the
Differentiation of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Oncocytoma
Authors: Özgökçe Mesut , Dundar İlyas , Durmaz Fatma , Özkaçmaz Sercan , Kankılıç Nazım A. , Aslan Rahmi , Gül Abdullah , Akıncı M.Bilal
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

This study is to investigate the effectiveness of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography in differentiating radiologically similar
renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and oncocytoma in solid masses of the kidney.

Methods:

The patients with solid renal mass histopathological diagnosed after excision or tru-cat biopsy who underwent a preoperative ARFI elastography of
the lesion during a 4-year period were included in this study. Preoperative shear wave velocity (SWV) values were measured in all the lesions.
SWV results of RCCs and oncocytomas were compared by an independent t-test, and cut-off, sensitivity and specificity values were calculated.

Results:

Forty-two of the 60 patients included in the study were men (70%) and, 18 were women (30%), and the mean age was 59.7 ± 14 (27-94) years.
Among 46 RCCs (76.6%), 23 and 14 oncocytomas, 5 (23.4%) were located in the right kidney (p:0.34722). Mean SWV values were found to be
significantly higher in RCCs (2.87± 0.74 (0.96-4.14) m/s) than oncocytomas (1.83 ± 0.78 (0.80-3.76) m/s) (p < 0.001). In the ROC analysis, a cutoff
value of 2.29 m/s was found to havean 80.4% sensitivity and a 78.6% specificity for the discrimination of RCCs from oncocytomas.

Conclusion:

ARFI elastography measurements may be useful in distinguishing RCC and oncocytomas that may have similar solid radiological imaging
features.
Using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) of Endometrial Cancer MRI to
Determine P53 Molecular Subtypes
Authors: Zhang Feiran , Wang Tianping , Ning Yan , Li Shengyong , Chen Xiaojun , Zhang Guofu , Zhang He
Published: April 2024

Background::

Endometrial Cancer (EC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer comprising both histological and molecular subtypes. Using a non-invasive modality
method to trigger these subtypes as early as possible can aid clinicians in establishing individualized treatment

Purpose::

The study aimed to clarify the value of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) of EC MRI in determining molecular subtypes.

Material and Methods::

We retrospectively recruited 109 patients with pathologically proven EC (78 endometrioid cancers and 31 non-endometrioid cancers) with
available molecular classification from a tertiary centre. MRI was prospectively performed a month prior to surgery; images were blindly
interpreted by two experienced radiologists with consensus reading. The ADC value was measured by an experienced radiologist on the
commercially available processing workstation. Interoperator measurement consistency was calculated.

Results::

Our sample comprised 17 PLOE, 32 MSI-H, 31 NSMP, and 29 P53abn ECs. Clinical information did not differ significantly among the groups.
The maximum diameter and volume of the lesions differed among the groups. The ADC value in the maximal area (ADCarea) or region of interest
(ROI, ADCroi) in the P53abn group was higher than that in the other groups (894.0 ±12.6 and 817.5 ± 83.3 x10-6 mm2/s). The ADC mean values
were significantly different between the P53abn group and the other groups (P = 0.000). The nomogram showed the highest discriminative ability
to distinguish P53abn EC from other types (AUC: 0.859).

Conclusion::

Our results have suggested the quantitative MR characteristics (ADC values) derived from preoperative EC MRI to provide useful information in
preoperatively determining P53abn cancer.
Role of Carotid Ultrasonography Combined with Monocyte/HDL Ratio in
Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Bao Min-qiang , Chen Yi-nong , Jin Ji-wei , Gui Dong-dong , Wang Jie , Chen Shuang-shuang , Sheng Xiao-ning , Cheng Zhang-long , Wang Yu
Published: April 2024

Background::

Carotid duplex ultrasonography (DUS) is the primary screening tool for carotid artery stenosis, but has low reliability. MHR, which is the ratio of
monocytes to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), can be a marker for the degree and distribution of extracranial and intracranial
atherosclerotic stenosis.

Objective::

We determined the diagnostic value of DUS+MHR for internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis.

Methods::

We divided 273 hospitalized patients into non-stenosis (<50%) and ICA stenosis (≥50%) groups based on Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA).
We determined the peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the ICA on DUS, calculated the MHR, and investigated their relationship with ICA stenosis.

Results::

On DSA, 34.1% (93/273) patients had moderate-to-severe ICA stenosis. DUS and DSA showed low concordance for detecting ICA stenosis
(kappa = 0.390). With increasing age, the incidence of moderate-to-severe ICA stenosis increased. PSV, monocyte count, and MHR were
significantly greater in the stenosis group than in the non-stenosis group (P < 0.001), while the HDL-C level was significantly lower (P = 0.001).
PSV (OR: 1.020, 95% CI: 1.011–1.029, P < 0.001) and MHR (OR: 5.662, 95% CI: 1.945–16.482, P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for
ICA stenosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PSV+MHR (0.819) was significantly higher than that of PSV or MHR
alone (77.42% sensitivity, P = 0.0207; 73.89% specificity, P = 0.0032).

Conclusion::

The combination of ICA PSV on DUS and MHR is better than PSV alone at identifying ICA stenosis and is well-suited to screen high-risk
patients.
Computational Chemistry: Prediction of Compound Accessibility of
Targeted Synthesized Compounds
Authors: Babu Visagamoorthy , Ahmed Sumeer , Rahiman A. K. , Kawsar Sarkar M. A. , Berredjem Malika , Bhat Ajmal R. , Basha K. Anver
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

In the present work, a series of novel pyridine carboxamides 3(a-h) were
synthesized and screened with antibacterial activity. This research explores the application of Density Functional Theory (DFT) in studying biological systems at the quantum mechanical level, particularly in the context of drug design. DFT offers a streamlined approach to quantum mechanical
calculations, making it indispensable in various scientific fields, and for its exceptional accuracy,
reduced computational time, and cost-effectiveness has become a pivotal tool in computational chemistry. This research work highlights the integration of DFT studies with POM analyses, which effectively identify pharmacophoric sites. Moreover, the research incorporates in silico pharmacokinetics
analyses to assess the pharmacokinetic properties of synthesized compounds. The paper focused on a
series of compounds previously reported, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of their
electronic structure, pharmacophoric features, and potential as drug candidates. This study not only
contributes to the evolving field of computational chemistry but also holds implications for advancing
drug design processes by combining theoretical insights with practical analyses.

Methods:

The compounds 3(a-h) were subjected to Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) basis set to get optimized geometric structures. GaussViewis used
to display the contributions of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The determination of energy gaps was conducted using Gaussian
09W. The pharmacokinetic profiles were evaluated using existing techniques such as Osiris, Petra,
and Molinspiration, as well as a novel platform called POM Analyse

Results:

The computational studies DFT, POM and in silico pharmacokinetics studies revealed that
the studied compounds are biologically active, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic in nature and may be
utilized as drug candidates.

Conclusion:

Density functional theory (DFT) investigations emphasize the exceptional stability of
complex 3d, which possesses the biggest energy gap and the lowest softness. In contrast, compound
3h demonstrates poorer stability among the tested compounds, characterized by the lowest energy
gap and the highest softness values. These findings are further substantiated by absolute energy
calculations. The negligible energy difference in compound 3h indicates an increased transfer of
electric charge within the molecule, which is associated with its enhanced biological effectiveness.
The drug-likeness of the compounds is confirmed by POM and in silico pharmacokinetics investigations, with compound 3h being identified as the most biologically active among the investigated
compounds.
Brief Overview of Nanographene Oxide and its Possible Application
Authors: Dutta Srishti , Kumar Dishen , Pandey Abhilash , Sahu Devanand , Sharma Vansikha , Patra Goutam Kumar
Published: April 2024

In recent years, graphene oxides have convoked significant attention across various
scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, and materials science, owing to their extraordinary
physical properties, chemical tunability, and vast possibilities for their applications.
As a result, our keen interest lies in exploring nanographene oxide and presenting a comprehensive
review on this subject. This paper provides a thorough examination of eminently progressive
advancements in the synthesis, properties, and performance of graphene oxide. Synthetic
chemists venturing into this expanding field of material science and researchers exploring the
applications of graphene oxide will find immense value in this review. The comprehensive behavior
towards the alchemy of graphene oxide will aid in better apprehension of the current approaches,
scope and their limitations in utilizing this remarkable material. Moreover, to promote
further research and development in this area, we deliberate on the technical challenges associated
with graphene oxide and offer suggestions for several future research directions. This review
serves as a valuable resource, encouraging scientific advancements and innovation in the exploration
of graphene oxide's potential in various applications. To facilitate further research and
development, the technical challenges are discussed, and several future research directions are
also suggested in this paper.
Biosynthesis and Anticancer Activity of Genistein Glycoside Derivatives
Authors: Zheng Xing , Zhang Jun , Liu Shun , Yu Yingzi , Peng Qingying , Peng Yaling , Yao Xu , Peng Xingxing , Zhou Jing
Published: April 2024

As a beneficial natural flavonoid, genistein has demonstrated a wide range of biological functions
via regulating a number of targets and signaling pathways, such as anti-cancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, iron chelation, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, and anti-hypertension. PubMed/Medline and Web of Science were searched using appropriate keywords until the end of December 2023.
Despite its many potential benefits, genistein’s clinical application is limited by low hydrophilicity, poor solubility, and suboptimal bioavailability due to its structure. These challenges can be addressed through the conversion of genistein into glycosides. Glycosylation of active small molecules may enhance their solubility,
stability, and biological activity. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the synthesis, properties, and anticancer activity of glycoconjugates. Previous reviews were devoted to discussing the biological
activities of genistin, with a little summary of the biosynthesis and the structure-activity relationship for their
anticancer activity of genistein glycoside derivatives. Therefore, we summarized recent advances in the biosynthesis of genistein glycosylation and discussed the antitumor activities of genistein glycoside derivatives in a
structure-activity relationship, which may provide important information for further development of genistein
derivatives.