bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HCEs‐Net: Hepatic cystic echinococcosis classification ensemble model based on tree‐structured Parzen estimator and snap‐shot approach
Authors: Wang Zhengye , Kuerban Kadiliya , Zhou Zihang , Hailati Miwueryiti , Aihematiniyazi Renaguli , Wang Xiaorong , Yan Chuanbo
Published: May 2023

Background

Hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE) still has a high misdiagnosis rate, and misdiagnosis may lead to wrong treatments seriously harmful for the patients. Precise diagnosis of HCE relies heavily on the experience of clinical experts with auxiliary diagnostic tools using medical images.

Purpose

This paper intends to improve the diagnostic accuracy for HCE by employing a method which combines deep learning with ensemble method.

Methods

We proposed a method, namely HCEs‐Net, for classification of five HCE subtypes using ultrasound images. It takes first the snap‐shot strategy to obtain sub‐models from the pre‐trained VGG19, ResNet18, ViT‐Base, and ConvNeXt‐T models, then a stacking process to ensemble those sub‐models. Afterwards, it uses the tree‐structured Pazren estimator (TPE) to optimize the hyperparameters. The experiments were evaluated by the five‐fold cross‐validation process.

Results

A total of 3083 abdominal ultrasound images from 972 patients covering five subtypes of HCE were utilized in this study. The experiments were conducted to predict the HCE subtype, and results of modeling performance evaluation were reported in terms of precision, recall, F1‐score, and AUC. The stacking model based on three ConvNeXt‐T sub‐models showed the best performance, with precision 85.9%, recall 85.5%, F1‐score 85.7%, and AUC 0.971 which are higher than the compared state‐of‐the‐art models.

Conclusion

The stacking model of three ConvNeXt‐T sub‐models shows comparable or superior performance to the other methods, including VGG19, ResNet18 and ViT‐Base. It has the potential to enhance clinical diagnosis for HCE.
Three‐dimensional sector‐wise golden angle–improved k‐space uniformity after electrocardiogram binning
Authors: Fyrdahl Alexander , Ullvin Amanda , Ramos Joao G. , Seiberlich Nicole , Ugander Martin , Sigfridsson Andreas
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To develop and evaluate a 3D sector‐wise golden‐angle (3D‐SWIG) profile ordering scheme for cardiovascular MR cine imaging that maintains high k‐space uniformity after electrocardiogram (ECG) binning.

Method

Cardiovascular MR (CMR) was performed at 1.5 T. A balanced SSFP pulse sequence was implemented with a novel 3D‐SWIG radial ordering, where k‐space was divided into wedges, and each wedge was acquired in a separate heartbeat. The high uniformity of k‐space coverage after physiological binning can be used to perform functional imaging using a very short acquisition. The 3D‐SWIG was compared with two commonly used 3D radial trajectories for CMR (i.e., double golden angle and spiral phyllotaxis) in numerical simulations. Free‐breathing 3D‐SWIG and conventional breath‐held 2D cine were compared in patients (n = 17) referred clinically for CMR. Quantitative comparison was performed based on left ventricular segmentation.

Results

Numerical simulations showed that 3D‐SWIG both required smaller steps between successive readouts and achieved better k‐space sampling uniformity after binning than either the double golden angle or spiral phyllotaxis trajectories. In vivo evaluation showed that measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction calculated from a 48 heart‐beat free‐breathing 3D‐SWIG acquisition were highly reproducible and agreed with breath‐held 2D‐Cartesian cine (mean ± SD difference of −3.1 ± 3.5% points).

Conclusions

The 3D‐SWIG acquisition offers a simple solution for highly improved k‐space uniformity after physiological binning. The feasibility of the 3D‐SWIG method is demonstrated in this study through whole‐heart cine imaging during free breathing with an acquisition time of less than 1 min.
A comprehensive study demonstrating the influence of the solvent composition on the phytotoxicity of compounds, as exemplified by 2,4‐D‐based ILs with a choline‐type cation
Authors: Niemczak Michał , Stachowiak Witold , Kaczmarek Damian Krystian , Grzanka Monika , Sobiech Łukasz
Published: May 2023

Background

Growing concern for the protection of the environment and existing ecosystems has resulted in increasing consideration of phytotoxicity tests as valid ecotoxicological indicators of the potential hazards of the use of ionic liquids (ILs) or any other chemical. The objective of this study was to gain a detailed understanding of the influence of the solvent composition of spray solutions on the phytotoxic effect of foliar application of ionic pairs with weak (choline 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetate, [Chol][2,4‐D]), medium (N‐hexylcholine 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetate, [C6Chol][2,4‐D]) and good (N‐dodecylcholine 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetate, [C12Chol][2,4‐D]) surface‐active properties.

Results

Experimental results unambiguously demonstrated that the biological activity of the test salt solutions, particularly [Chol][2,4‐D] and [C6Chol][2,4‐D], can be strongly affected by the addition of an organic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) compared to solutions in pure water. However, the observed tendency is less pronounced for the compound exhibiting good surface activity, [C12Chol][2,4‐D].

Conclusions

The collected findings show that caution is warranted in the exploitation or modification of methodologies for assessing phytotoxicity to ensure the reliable interpretation of obtained results for environmental risk assessment or building quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Toumeyella parvicornis versus endotherapic abamectin: three techniques, 1 year after
Authors: Di Sora Nicolò , Rossini Luca , Contarini Mario , Mastrandrea Giovanni , Speranza Stefano
Published: May 2023

Background

Toumeyella parvicornis is an invasive soft scale insect native to North America that is rapidly spreading in Italy and France, provoking severe infestations on Pinus pinea L. To date, the control of this pest is entrusted to three endotherapic techniques whose short‐term efficacy is partially known. No information on long‐term efficacy is currently available, although fundamental. This work aims to report on the long‐term effect that abamectin‐based insecticides, injected with the three different techniques, have on adult female populations.

Results

The study was carried out in an infested P. pinea forest in the area of Rome, Italy. Results showed that the tested methods had a similar long‐term effect, and only in one case there were differences with the untreated control. Multiresidue analysis reported a zero level of abamectin in plant tissues 14 months apart from injection, except for one treatment where pesticide concentration was just above the limit of quantification.

Conclusions

This study represents the first long‐term evaluation about endotherapic control strategy against T. parvicornis. In fact, the pest may quickly bring the death and fall of the stone pines, representing a concerning risk for citizens, however, control actions to manage it are still partially known and deserve more in‐depth investigations. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Frequency and spatial distribution of knock‐down resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids in multiple oilseed rape pest species of the genus Ceutorhynchus
Authors: Daum Eve , Brandes Meike , Heimbach Udo , Zimmer Christoph , Slater Russell , Elias Jan
Published: May 2023

Background

The protection of European oilseed rape (OSR) from damaging insects relies on pyrethroid insecticides, but the development of resistance in key coleopteran pests such as the pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) and the cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala) has resulted in reduced effectiveness of these insecticides. The sodium channel gene mutation L1014F knock‐down resistance (kdr) is a contributing factor in resistance to pyrethroids in B. aeneus and P. chrysocephala, but little is known about the status of resistance in weevils of the genus Ceutorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculonidae). Therefore, the present study investigated pyrethroid susceptibility and the presence of the kdr mutation in four Ceutorhynchus species.

Results

The kdr mutation in either its heterozygous or homozygous form was found in all investigated Ceutorhynchus species (C. picitarsis, C. pallidactylus, C. napi and C. obstrictus). Samples where pyrethroids in bioassays still provided control at 100% field rate or below contained kdr at frequencies of ≤12.5%, whilst bioassays using 100% field rate that did not control Ceutorhynchus populations contained homozygous resistant individuals at frequencies of greater than 55%. Field sampling demonstrated that kdr frequencies in populations of C. picitarsis and C. obstrictus collected from across France and Germany ranged from 0 to 100%.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated the potential of all four Ceutorhynchus species tested to develop pyrethroid resistance via the L1014F (kdr) mutation. Although kdr frequency varies among species and geographic locations, the risk of loss of pyrethroid insecticide effectiveness is high. Integration of other control tools for resistance management is therefore needed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The ryanodine receptor mutation I4728M confers moderate‐level resistance to diamide insecticides in Spodoptera litura
Authors: Mei Wenjuan , Zuo Yayun , Su Ting , Yuan Jing , Wu Yidong , Yang Yihua
Published: May 2023

Background

The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), is one of the most widespread and destructive polyphagous pests in tropical and subtropical Asia. S. litura has evolved resistance to different insecticides, including diamide insecticides. Here, we identified a ryanodine receptor (RyR) mutation (I4728M) associated with target site resistance to diamides in a field‐collected population of S. litura. The contribution of this mutation to diamide resistance was investigated through establishing a near‐isogenic resistant strain of S. litura.

Results

The ND21 population of S. litura, collected from Ningde, Fujian province of China in 2021, exhibited 130.6‐fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole compared to the susceptible NJ‐S strain. S. litura RyR mutation I4728M, corresponding to Plutella xylostella RyR I4790M, was identified in the ND21 population. SlRyR I4728M mutation of ND21 was introgressed into a susceptible background strain (NJ‐S) with marker‐assisted backcrossing. The introgressed strain named ND21‐R, which was homozygous for the mutant 4728M allele, shared about 94% of the genetic background with the NJ‐S strain. ND21‐R strain showed moderate levels of resistance to two anthranilic diamides (19.1‐fold to chlorantraniliprole, 19.7‐fold to cyantraniliprole) and the phthalic diamide flubendiamide (23.4‐fold). Genetic analysis showed that chlorantraniliprole resistance was autosomal, incompletely recessive and tightly linked with SlRyR I4728M mutation in the introgressed ND21‐R strain of S. litura.

Conclusion

Identification of the I4728M mutation and its contribution to diamide resistance in S. litura will help develop allelic discrimination assays for resistance monitoring and guide resistance management practices for diamides in S. litura. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Strategic leadership in liminal space: Framing exploration of digital opportunities at hierarchical interfaces
Authors: Putra Fathiro H. R. , Pandza Krsto , Khanagha Saeed
Published: May 2023

Research Summary

We investigate how strategic leaders of an incumbent firm frame exploration of digital opportunities at the interfaces of organizational hierarchy. Digital technologies create an unbounded array of opportunities that may pose challenges to the strategic coherence of corporate entrepreneurship activity. Our analysis reveals that top management teams (TMTs) adopt a paradoxical framing of exploration, thereby creating a liminal space with unstable boundaries between exploration activities aligned with core resources (i.e., convergent) and those perceived as divergent. We show that middle managers (MMs) skillfully navigate this space by combining framing with substantive and symbolic actions to blur the boundaries of exploration. Drawing on our findings, we theorize the role of framing at the interfaces between the TMT and MMs in setting boundaries for exploration.

Managerial Summary

The process of digital transformation can be overwhelming for established companies as managers encounter a myriad of new opportunities. Our study of a large telecommunications company found that both senior and MMs play important roles in guiding the development of new digital businesses. Senior managers encourage creative thinking and promote exploring multiple innovation opportunities. However, they also set boundaries to prevent innovation activities from becoming too risky by venturing into very distant domains. This contradictive requirement creates a “gray zone” for MMs to imaginatively use their skills to navigate restrictions without compromising exploration of new opportunities. This approach involves both top‐down and bottom‐up communication between senior and MMs that helps avoid short‐sightedness and overspending when it comes to innovating with digital technologies.
Regulating Crystallization and Lead Leakage of Perovskite Solar Cell Via Novel Polyoxometalate‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Dong Yayu , Zhang Jian , Wang Wei , Hu Boyuan , Xia Debin , Lin Kaifeng , Geng Lin , Yang Yulin
Published: May 2023

Despite the unprecedented progress in lead‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the toxicity and leakage of lead from degraded PSCs triggered by deep‐level defects and poor crystallization quality increase environmental risk and become a critical challenge for eco‐friendly PSCs. Here, a novel 2D polyoxometalate (POM)‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) (C5NH5)4(C3N2H5)2Zn3(H8P4Mo6O31)2·2H2O (POMOF) is ingeniously devised to address these issues. Note that the integration of POM endows POMOF with great advantages of electrical conductivity and charge mobility. Ordered POMOF induces the crystallization of high‐quality perovskite film and eliminates lead‐based defects to improve internal stability. The resultant PSCs achieve a superior power conversion efficiency (23.3%) accompanied by improved stability that maintains ≈90% of its original efficiency after 1600 h. Meanwhile, POMOF with phosphate groups effectively prevents lead leakage through in situ chemical anchoring and adsorption methods to reduce environmental risk. This work provides an effective strategy to minimize lead‐based defects and leakage in sustainable PSCs through multi‐functional POM‐based MOF material.
Strategic Fast Induction Heating to Combat Hysteresis Barriers in a Flexible MOF for Rapid CO2Desorption in Biogas Upgrading
Authors: Maity Rahul , Gholami Mohsen , Peter Sunil A. , Schoukens Matthias , Tiriana Segato , Baron Gino V. , Denayer Joeri F. M.
Published: May 2023

A major challenge in Cyclic Swing Separation using flexible adsorbents that have high equilibrium CO2 adsorption capacity is their very low‐pressure hysteresis that hinders efficient desorption. Mg‐Gallate MOF is such a flexible adsorbent that only begins to release CO2at its pore closing pressure at 0.08 bar and 30 °C, showing very slow and inefficient desorption in pressure or temperature swing. Therefore, a novel strategy is presented that combines state of art technique Magnetic Induction Heating with a vacuum swing for fast and efficient CO2desorption from flexible adsorbents at a moderately elevated temperature (70 °C).
A General Strategy for Synthesis of Binary Transition Metal Phosphides Hollow Sandwich Heterostructures
Authors: Shi Jinghui , Peng Wei , Yang Yi‐Fei , Li Bo , Nie Jianhang , Wan Hui , Li Yao , Huang Gui‐Fang , Hu Wangyu , Huang Wei‐Qing
Published: May 2023

The hollow sandwich core–shell micro‐nanomaterials are widely used in materials, chemistry, and medicine, but their fabrication, particularly for transition metal phosphides (TMPs), remains a great challenge. Herein, a general synthesis strategy is presented for binary TMPs hollow sandwich heterostructures with vertically interconnected nanosheets on the inside and outside surfaces of polyhedron FeCoPx/C, demonstrated by a variety of transition metals (including Co, Fe, Cd, Mn, Cu, Cr, and Ni). Density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals the process and universal mechanism of layered double hydroxide (LDH) growth on Prussian blue analog (PBA) surface in detail for the first time, which provides the theoretical foundations for feasibility and rationality of the synthesis strategy. This unique structure exhibits a vertical nanosheet‐shell‐vertical nanosheet configuration combining the advantages of sandwich, hollow and vertical heterostructures, effectively achieving their synergistic effect. As a proof‐of‐concept of their applications, the CoNiPx@FeCoPx/C@CoNiPx hollow sandwich polyhedron architectures (representative samples) show excellent catalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes. This work provides a general method for constructing hollow‐sandwich micro‐nanostructures, which provides more ideas and directions for design of micro‐nano materials with special geometric topology.
Miniaturized liquid extraction cartridge with a functional porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane for the determination of formaldehyde in gaseous samples
Authors: Ueta Ikuo , Kawamura Shunsuke , Saito Yoshihiro
Published: May 2023

A new miniaturized liquid extraction cartridge equipped with a functional porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane was developed for the determination of formaldehyde in gaseous samples. The functional polytetrafluoroethylene membrane allows gas to pass through while repelling both water‐based and organic‐based liquids. A derivatization reagent for formaldehyde, 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine, was placed in the cartridge and gaseous samples are collected through the cartridge at 20 ml/min for 30 min. Formaldehyde in the gaseous sample is captured as the corresponding 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine hydrazone, and an aliquot of the sample collection solution can be directly subjected to high‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The limit of quantification for the developed method was 5 ng/L formaldehyde in gas with a sampling volume of 600 ml. Proof‐of‐concept for formaldehyde determination in an aqueous sample was demonstrated using the developed cartridge in a purge‐and‐trap extraction setup.
Elucidating the Mechanism of Freeze‐Thaw Driven Content Mixing between Protocells
Authors: Peter Benedikt , Schwille Petra
Published: May 2023

Modern cells rely on highly evolved protein networks to accomplish essential life functions, including the inheritance of information from parents to their offspring. In the absence of these sophisticated molecular machineries, alternatives were required for primitive protocells to proliferate and disseminate genetic material. Recurring environmental constraints on ancient earth, such as temperature cycles, are considered as prebiotically plausible driving forces capable of shuffling of protocellular contents, thereby boosting compositional complexity. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, we show that temperature oscillations such as freezing‐thawing (FT) cycles promote efficient content mixing between giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as model protocells. We shed light on the underlying exchange mechanism and demonstrate that transient periods of destabilized membranes enable the diffusion of cargo molecules across vesicle membranes. Furthermore, we determine essential parameters, such as membrane composition, and quantify their impact on the lateral transfer efficiency. Our work outlines a simple scenario revolving around inter‐protocellular communication environmentally driven by periodic freezing and melting of water.
Spirocyclic Iodonium Ylides for Fluorine‐18 Radiolabeling of Non‐Activated Arenes: From Concept to Clinical Research
Authors: Chassé Melissa , Pees Anna , Lindberg Anton , Liang Steven H. , Vasdev Neil
Published: May 2023

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging tool for drug discovery, clinical diagnosis, and monitoring of disease progression. Fluorine‐18 is the most common radionuclide used for PET, but advances in radiotracer development have been limited by the historical lack of methodologies and precursors amenable to radiolabeling with fluorine‐18. Radiolabeling of electron‐rich (hetero)aromatic rings remains a long‐standing challenge in the production of PET radiopharmaceuticals. In this personal account, we discuss the history of spirocyclic iodonium ylide precursors, from inception to applications in clinical research, for the incorporation of fluorine‐18 into complex non‐activated (hetero)aromatic rings.
Presenting domain information or self‐exploration to foster hypothesis generation in simulation‐based inquiry learning
Authors: Kuang Xiulin , Eysink Tessa H. S. , de Jong Ton
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the effects of presenting domain information (basic information about the domain) either together with or instead of offering exploratory practice (an exploratory opportunity in a simulation‐based representation of the learning domain) prior to inquiry learning for facilitating students' hypothesis generation and subsequent inquiry processes and their knowledge acquisition. Secondary school students (n = 118) completed a simulation‐based inquiry task on force and motion. They were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: the D + E condition (n = 29), in which domain information and exploratory practice were available; the D condition (n = 30), in which only domain information was available; the E condition (n = 32), in which only exploratory practice was available; or the C condition (n = 27), with no support at all. Students' knowledge was measured with a pre‐ and posttest and a test on knowledge of variables. Inquiry processes were inferred from information students entered in a Hypothesis Scratchpad and an Observation tool, and from a final summary that they had to write. Results indicated that providing students with domain information alone helps to foster their knowledge of variables before generating hypotheses and leads to knowledge acquisition. The results also showed that the opportunity to explore before experimenting does not affect students' inquiry behavior or learning performance, even when combined with providing students with domain information.
“Hice Zoom Con Mi Abuelita”: What We Can Learn from First and Second Graders' Pandemic Narratives
Authors: Casesa Rhianna Henry , LaDuke Aja E. , Quiñonez Vanessa Chavez , Garibay Heidy
Published: May 2023

This article details a classroom‐based study designed to provide agency and voice to first and second grade emergent bilinguals as they processed the COVID‐19 pandemic. Two California teachers created a narrative writing unit not only to teach specific writing skills, but also to challenge pervasive deficit assumptions that young children “could not handle” the details or scope of this global health crisis. Students' narratives illustrated a profound awareness of the cultural, social, psychological, and academic impacts of COVID‐19. This work demonstrates that children can indeed, understand and articulate complex lived experiences, while also confirming the value of writing and drawing as powerful invitations for children to communicate and process. This project highlights the resilience of children who have been living through the COVID‐19 pandemic and what adults in their lives can learn from their reflections.
Factors influencing Scottish dairy farmers’ antibiotic use
Authors: Pate Lorna A. , Milne Catherine E. , McMorran Rob , Roberts David J. , Macrae Alastair I.
Published: May 2023

Background

Good stewardship of antibiotics can reduce the development and impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); therefore, understanding farmers’ antibiotic use is of interest to stakeholders. To date, few qualitative studies have looked at farmers’ antibiotic use on dairy farms in the UK.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were used to explore 15 Scottish dairy farmers’ antibiotic use behaviours and the factors influencing their antibiotic use on farms.

Results

Using an inductive process, the results from the interviews were analysed, and four key themes were extracted: use of antibiotics, awareness of AMR, determinants of antibiotic use and future aspirations.

Limitations

Some of the farmers interviewed were wary about discussing their antibiotic use, which could mean that some contentious issues were not discussed. The farmers also all belonged to a single milk‐buying group, which may limit the generalisability of the findings.

Conclusions

The quantities of antibiotics used were felt to be driven by the disease prevalence on farms, cows being indoors more, increasing herd sizes resulting in increased stocking densities, retention of poorer cows and substandard housing. Farmer knowledge of antibiotics varied, and not all farmers interviewed were aware of AMR. The farm veterinarian, the press and peers were found to be the main sources of antibiotic information.
Hydropower development in South Asia: Data challenges, new approaches, and implications for decision‐making
Authors: Hennig Thomas , Harlan Tyler , Tilt Bryan , Magee Darrin
Published: May 2023

In recent years scholars have advanced our understanding of the biophysical, socioeconomic, and geopolitical impacts of dams and hydropower infrastructure around the globe. Databases and maps have emerged that allow global comparisons between countries and river basins. However, reliable and freely available data do not exist for many regions. As a result, data limitations and quality issues persist, which limit the quality of analyses based on these datasets. This is particularly true in regions where hydropower infrastructure development is proceeding most rapidly, including South Asia's Third Pole region. We identify and describe serious quantitative and qualitative data dilemmas of existing databases. We divide these into location, size, type, and status. At the most basic level, these dilemmas mean that incorrect location and, more importantly, massive underrepresentation of existing and future projects generates incorrect conclusions. That underrepresentation results largely from uncritically equating absence of data with absence of infrastructure. We also argue that project function should be more reliably recorded (for both dams and hydropower projects), that project status should be clear (many existing projects are still passed off as future), and that smaller projects should be systematically recorded (their cumulative importance is often underestimated). These four dilemmas all have important implications for analyses based on existing datasets. The World Index of Hydropower, Dams, and Reservoirs (WIHDR) described here represents a major advance on all four points. For the first time, 652 existing hydropower plants (277 large and 375 small), 162 under construction, and 720 planned hydropower plants have been georeferenced and systematically recorded for the Indus‐Ganga‐Brahmaputra region.

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change

Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems

Science of Water > Methods
Potential Impacts of Afforestation Expansion Under Price Fluctuations of Carbon and Timber
Authors: Liu Wan-Yu , Yu Hong-Wen , Chu Ming-Yun
Published: May 2023

Taiwan, a non-contracting party to the UN Framework Convention to Climate Change, committed to Net-zero Emission goal by 2050. In implementing carbon trade schemes, forest landowners can acquire carbon credit revenue in addition to timber revenue. To assess the impacts on afforestation area in Taiwan, this study uses land expectation value (LEV) calculated from price of timber sale and carbon trading and analyzes the correlation with area of afforestation. Results indicate that timber price significantly affected the area of afforestation of Taiwania cryptomerioides (Taiwania). It suggests that to increase the afforestation by 1%, $${\text{LEV}}_{\log }^t$$

LEV

log

t

must increase by an average of 100,261 NTD/ha. After conversion, the price of Taiwania increased by 240 NTD/m3 or 1.23%. The average carbon credit revenue accounts for less than 3% of the total LEV. It suggests that total LEV obtained from Taiwania is primarily determined by timber price, with minimal impacts from carbon price fluctuation.
Role of Renewable Energy Policy in Ensuring Net-Zero Carbon Emissions and Energy Sustainability: A Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Islam Emadul , Shah Asheer , Karim Tariq A.
Published: May 2023

The current global energy crisis along with the climate impacts of non-green energy sources has necessitated the shift toward renewable and sustainable energy. Limited fossil fuel reserves and high climate change vulnerability index of Bangladesh necessitate the country’s need to achieve sustainable renewable energy governance and policy development to guarantee net-zero carbon emissions and energy sustainability. This study illustrates the implementation of national and regional policies in addressing the challenges of Bangladesh’s transition to green energy from fossil fuels. The study contributes in the domain of national and intergovernmental green energy policy by developing recommendations along the Bay of Bengal region to increase the scalability of technologies and innovations, highlighting the opportunities and strengths of Bangladesh being the founding member of BIMSTEC integration.
Opportunities and Challenges in Sustainable Development and Governance in South Asia: Case Study of Bhutan
Authors: Hossain Shanawez , Jami Ahmad Tousif
Published: May 2023

The future of the post-COVID, climate “red code” world, hugely depends on good governance and a transition to low carbon. World leaders have repeatedly stated a unified goal of establishing a carbon–neutral society by mid-century. Analysis shows that South Asia’s strong economic expansion has paved the way toward sustainable development, yet the region still has many unsustainable practices, except for Bhutan. As the first-only carbon-negative country globally, it is vital to extensively study, learn, and optimize Bhutan’s best practices to improve global climate practices. Bhutan’s three G model (gross domestic product—GDP, greenhouse gasses—GHG, gross national happiness—GNH) expands development metrics beyond GDP to people’s happiness and environmental well-being. This study demonstrates how adapting practices from Bhutan, which have been molded by local experiences, problems, and opportunities, would effectively bolster green climate practices in the South Asian region.
Trends in Research: A Literature Review
Authors: Nordin Magdalena , Otterbeck Jonas
Published: May 2023

In this chapter, we present a literature review ordered as a history of the development of theories on migration and religion, addressing the main works on migration to Europe, adding the influential perspectives developed in relation to migration to North America. As a literature review, it is written in a denser style than the rest of the book; therefore, we end each section with a short summary.
Finding Tactics and Making Space: The Individuals and the Communities
Authors: Nordin Magdalena , Otterbeck Jonas
Published: May 2023

In this chapter, we focus on international migration from the perspective of the migrants themselves, examining the different tactics and ways of space making they deploy. We begin with the religious lives of individual migrants, first providing a theoretical presentation of how religion can be understood as an individual yet social phenomenon. Migration changes the social structures of a person’s life in many ways and, as a social phenomenon, religion is likely to go through similar drastic changes in connection with migration. Consequently, we need to know more about religion as a social structure and the function of it. Then we demonstrate how migrants’ religious lives can be understood by addressing the issue of religious practices, how people’s religion relates to integration and, finally, how religious beliefs may be a motivating factor in developing active citizenship.
Negotiating Space: Strategies of the European States and Politics of Religion
Authors: Nordin Magdalena , Otterbeck Jonas
Published: May 2023

In this chapter addresses how space making in relation to migrants’ religions is negotiated from the perspective of the receiving countries. In this chapter, we stress the difference between tactics, as social power practices among the less influential, and the strategies practiced by more influential social agents when establishing space, that is, the social practice of place. Thus, the space making tactics in focus in Chap. 3 here make way for discussion of strategies of space making by social agents who are likely to be able to assert and practice power in influential ways. In this case, these are states, regional and local authorities in the country of residence and more abstract social institutions such as political, juridical and educational systems.
Introduction: Understanding the Challenge of Irregular Migration
Authors: Ambrosini Maurizio , Hajer Minke H. J.
Published: May 2023

International migration is a critical issue in contemporary societies. Migration is at the centre of the ‘transnationalized social question’ located at the interstices between the Global South and the Global North (Faist T. The Transnationalized Social Question. Migration and the Politics of Social Inequalities in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019). Whilst irregular migration is problematised and criminalised in the Global North, in sending societies venturing abroad is often viewed as a dream or a hope, regardless of the legal framework in which this mobility and subsequent settlement occur, thus often giving the impression that migrants take the time spent in an irregular condition for granted. This introduction will outline the structure of this Reader, in which we hope to provide ample insight into the contentious theme of irregular migration by elaborating on its origins, the policies devised to deal with it, possible responses to it, the actors involved, and the agency of irregular migrants themselves. The Reader starts by highlighting the issue of irregular migration, discussing terminology, and providing estimates of the population involved.
Key Water Demand Management Measures
Authors: Ong Corinne , Tortajada Cecilia , Arora Ojasvee
Published: May 2023

A water demand management typology identifies three key WDM measures, namely: water losses, economic instruments, and non-price mechanisms. The guidebook describes each of these measures and provides case illustrations of their effective implementation in different ASEAN cities.
Hypergraph Computation for Medical and Biological Applications
Authors: Dai Qionghai , Gao Yue
Published: May 2023

Hypergraph computation, with its superior capability in complex data modeling, is a powerful tool for many medical and biological applications. In this chapter, we introduce four typical examples of the use of hypergraph computation in medical and biological applications, i.e., computer-aided diagnosis, survival prediction with histopathological images, drug discovery, and medical image segmentation. In each application, we present how to construct the hypergraph structure with different kinds of medical and biological data and different hypergraph computation strategies for these tasks respectively. We can notice that hypergraph computation has shown advantages in these applications.
Conclusions and Future Work
Authors: Dai Qionghai , Gao Yue
Published: May 2023

Hypergraph computation has attracted much attention and shown apparent advantages in many application fields, such as computer vision, social networks, and biomedicine. In this book, we systematically introduce the basic knowledge, algorithms, and applications of hypergraph computation in three parts and discuss some recent progress in this direction.
Morphology, anatomy and sleep movements of Ludwigia sedoides
Authors: Heyder Katharina , Neinhuis Christoph , Lautenschläger Thea
Published: May 2023

The diurnal motion of higher plants, responding to the alternation of day and night, known as nyctinastic movements or “sleep movements”, has been discussed frequently. We present the first description of the circadian rhythm of the water plant Ludwigia sedoides (Humb. & Bonpl.) H.Hara of the family Onagraceae, furthermore its morphology and anatomy. Our results indicate that the plant’s movements are endogenous, although environmental factors certainly have an influence. The majority of plants with nyctinastic leaf movements have a pulvinus, as the crucial part of the plant enabling this movement. Although the basal section of the L. sedoides petiole is not swollen, the tissue functions similarly to a pulvinus. It consists of a central conducting tissue with thick-walled cells, which is surrounded by thin-walled motor cells that can undergo visible shrinking and swelling. Thus, the tissue functionally corresponds to a pulvinus. Examinations of cellular processes, like measurements of the turgor pressure in the petiole, need to be evaluated in future studies.
Wire arc additive manufacturing of thin and thick walls made of duplex stainless steel
Authors: Queguineur Antoine , Asadi Reza , Ostolaza Marta , Valente Emilie Hørdum , Nadimpalli Venkata Karthik , Mohanty Gaurav , Hascoët Jean-Yves , Ituarte Iñigo Flores
Published: May 2023

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) direct energy deposition is used to process two different duplex stainless steels (DSS) wire chemistries. Macro- and micromechanical response variables relevant to industrialization are studied using a design of the experiment (DoE) approach. The tested operation window shows that the variation of layer height and over-thickness are highly correlated with travel speed and wire feed speed and positively correlated with heat input. The maximum achieved average instantaneous deposition rate is 3.54 kg/h. The use of wire G2205, which contains 5 wt% nickel content, results in a ferrite-to-austenite ratio that is equally balanced, while wire G2209, with 9 wt% nickel, provides a lower ferrite content. The spatial distribution of Fe% is influenced by part geometry and path planning, and higher heat inputs result in coarser microstructures. The manufacturing weaving strategy generates a heterogeneous microstructure characterized by fluctuations in Fe%. Thus, understanding the effect of complex thermal history, higher-dimensional design spaces, and uncertainty quantification is required to drive metal WAAM toward full industrialization.
Zwei tödliche Arbeitsunfälle durch Förderschneckenanlagen
Authors: Grove Christina , Fischer Florian T. , Lottner-Nau Stefanie , Peschel Oliver , Bruch Gina , Hofer Peter
Published: May 2023

Jedes Jahr ereignen sich in Deutschland mehrere Hundert tödliche Arbeitsunfälle, wobei sich die Anzahl in den vergangenen Jahren rückläufig zeigte. Den beiden hier vorgestellten Arbeitsunfällen lag ein sehr ungewöhnlicher Unfallmechanismus zugrunde, der insbesondere im Fall 1 eine den Gegebenheiten angepasste Sektionstechnik erforderte.

Fall 1

Beim Reinigen eines Hackschnitzelsilos wurde ein 57-jähriger Mann von einer sich sehr langsam drehenden Förderschnecke erfasst und getötet. Durch vorsichtiges Abwickeln und Herauslösen von auf der Schnecke befindlichen Gewebsanteilen konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Erstkontakt am rechten Bein stattgefunden hat, und dass der Oberkörper wohl aufgrund einer Einwickelung der getragenen Jacke in die Schnecke geraten ist. Einblutungen am rechten Handrücken und einzelne Bluteinatmungsherde in den Lungen belegten, dass der Verstorbene zumindest zu Beginn des Geschehens noch geatmet bzw. einen intakten Kreislauf gehabt hat.

Fall 2

Ein 17-jähriger Mann war beim Befüllen eines Schachtes mit Hackschnitzeln mit seinem linken Bein in eine Förderschnecke geraten. Schwer verletzt wurde er in ein Krankenhaus eingeliefert, wo er trotz Notoperation verstarb.
Lipase-catalysed changes in essential oils revealed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
Authors: Amaral Michelle S. S. , Hearn Milton T. W. , Marriott Philip J.
Published: May 2023

Candida antarctica lipase A (CALA) was applied for the chemo-selective enzymatic transesterification of terpene and phenyl alcohols in 35 different essential oil samples. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC×GC‒MS) analysis enabled the separation and tentative identification of a cohort of 125 compounds, allowing the instant visualisation of the reaction process changes, amid the complex chemical background of the samples. The results indicate that 42 out of 79 alcohols so-identified were fully or partially esterified within 48 h of reaction, with primary alcohols being the substrates of preference of the enzyme (90–100% conversion), followed by secondary alcohols (mostly ~ 80–100% conversion). No significant conversion of tertiary alcohols and phenols was observed using the tested conditions. Overall, the enzyme’s performance was consistent for primary alcohol substrates identified in multiple samples of different compositions. The observed selectivity, efficiency, robustness, scalability (enzyme/substrate working concentration ratio > 1:160), potential reusability, mild reaction conditions, and other factors make this process a greener and more sustainable alternative for industry applications, particularly for the manufacture of novel flavours and fragrances.

Graphical Abstract
Proximal ulna morphology in various pediatric population age groups: proximal ulna dorsal angulation (PUDA) and olecranon tip-to-apex (TTA) distance
Authors: Mostowy Marcin , Paul Joanna , Majos Agata , Mefleh Charbel , Piwnik Marcin , Kowalski Piotr , Kobielski Szymon , Choate Stephen , Buzas David , Kwapisz Adam
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To measure proximal ulna dorsal angulation (PUDA) and olecranon tip-to-apex distance (TTA) in pediatric population to aid surgeons with data for proximal ulna fractures fixation.

Methods

Retrospective review of the hospital radiographic database. All elbow radiographs were identified and after implementing exclusion criteria, included were 95 patients aged 0–10; 53 patients aged 11–14; and 53 patients aged 15–18. PUDA was defined as the angle between lines placed on the “flat spot” of the olecranon and the dorsal edge of the ulnar shaft and TTA as the distance between the tip of the olecranon to the apex of angulation. Two evaluators performed measurements independently.

Results

In age group 0–10, mean PUDA was 7.53°, range 3.8–13.7, 95% CI 7.16–7.91, while mean TTA was 22.04 mm, range 8.8–50.5, 95% CI 19.92–24.17. In age group 11–14, mean PUDA was 4.99°, range 2.5–9.3, 95% CI (4.61–5.37), while mean TTA was 37.41 mm, range 16.5–66.6, 95% CI (34.91–39.90). In age group 15–18, mean PUDA was 5.18°, range 2.9–8.1, 95% CI (4.75–5.61), while mean TTA was 43.79 mm, range 24.5–79.4, 95% CI (41.38–46.19). PUDA was negatively correlated with age (r = − 0.56, p < 0.001), while TTA was positively correlated with age (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). Reliability levels of 0.81–1 or 0.61–0.80 were achieved for most of intra- and inter-rater reliabilities besides two levels of 0.41–60 and one of 0.21–0.40.

Conclusion

The main study finding is that in most cases mean age-group values may serve as a template for proximal ulna fixation. There are some cases in which X-ray of contralateral elbow may provide surgeon with a better template.

Level of evidence

II.
Post-mortem genetic testing in sudden cardiac death and genetic screening of relatives at risk: lessons learned from a Czech pilot multidisciplinary study
Authors: Votýpka Pavel , Krebsová Alice , Norambuena-Poustková Patricia , Peldová Petra , Pohlová Kučerová Štěpánka , Kulvajtová Markéta , Dohnalová Petra , Bílek Matěj , Stufka Veronika , Rücklová Kristina , Grossová Iva , Wünschová Hanka , Tavačová Terezia , Hašková Jana , Segeťová Markéta , Štoček Jakub , Gřegořová Andrea , Zoubková Veronika , Petřková Jana , Dobiáš Martin , Makuša Michal , Blanková Alžběta , Vajtr David , Řehulka Hynek , Šubrt Ivan , Pilin Alexander , Tomášek Petr , Janoušek Jan , Kautzner Josef , Macek Milan
Published: May 2023

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) might have an inherited cardiac condition background. Genetic testing supports post-mortem diagnosis and screening of relatives at risk. Our aim is to determine the feasibility of a Czech national collaboration group and to establish the clinical importance of molecular autopsy and family screening. From 2016 to 2021, we have evaluated 100 unrelated SCD cases (71.0% males, age: 33.3 (12.8) years). Genetic testing was performed by next-generation sequencing utilizing a panel of 100 genes related to inherited cardiac/aortic conditions and/or whole exome sequencing. According to autopsy, cases were divided into cardiomyopathies, sudden arrhythmic death syndrome, sudden unexplained death syndrome, and sudden aortic death. We identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants following ACMG/AMP recommendations in 22/100 (22.0%) of cases. Since poor DNA quality, we have performed indirect DNA testing in affected relatives or in healthy parents reaching a diagnostic genetic yield of 11/24 (45.8%) and 1/10 (10.0%), respectively. Cardiological and genetic screening disclose 83/301 (27.6%) relatives at risk of SCD. Genetic testing in affected relatives as starting material leads to a high diagnostic yield offering a valuable alternative when suitable material is not available. This is the first multidisciplinary/multicenter molecular autopsy study in the Czech Republic which supports the establishment of this type of diagnostic tests. A central coordinator and proper communication among centers are crucial for the success of a collaboration at a national level.
Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the renal pelvis: first report at an extra-gastrointestinal site with molecular confirmation
Authors: Nagy Dora , Ellinger Jörg , Ritter Manuel , Pelusi Natalie , Kristiansen Glen
Published: May 2023

Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFP) are rare and benign mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. They are submucosal spindle cell lesions with an eosinophilic-rich inflammatory infiltrate and mutations in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) gene. In this report, we present the case of a 74-year-old female with a solid tumour of the kidney, which presented as a bland proliferation of spindle cells with thin-walled blood vessels and an inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophilic granulocytes. Immunohistochemistry revealed a positivity for vimentin and a weak staining for CD99 and CD34 in the spindle cells. Because of the morphological similarity to IFPs of the gastrointestinal tract, a molecular pathology analysis was performed. This identified an oncogenic mutation in exon 18 of the PDGFRA gene, which is characteristic for inflammatory fibroid polyps of the gastrointestinal tract. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of an IFP in the urogenital tract.