bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Lead Time Tradeoff
Authors: Pinto-Prades José Luis , Rodríguez-Míguez Eva
Published: July 2014

Background. Lead time tradeoff (L-TTO) is a variant of the time tradeoff (TTO). L-TTO introduces a lead period in full health before illness onset, avoiding the need to use 2 different procedures for states better and worse than dead. To estimate utilities, additive separability is assumed. We tested to what extent violations of this assumption can bias utilities estimated with L-TTO. Methods. A sample of 500 members of the Spanish general population evaluated 24 health states, using face-to-face interviews. A total of 188 subjects were interviewed with L-TTO and the rest with TTO. Both samples evaluated the same set of 24 health states, divided into 4 groups with 6 health states per set. Each subject evaluated 1 of the sets. A random effects regression model was fitted to our data. Only health states better than dead were included in the regression since it is in this subset where additive separability can be tested clearly. Results. Utilities were higher in L-TTO in relation to TTO (on average L-TTO adds about 0.2 points to the utility of health states), suggesting that additive separability is violated. The difference between methods increased with the severity of the health state. Thus, L-TTO adds about 0.14 points to the average utility of the less severe states, 0.23 to the intermediate states, and 0.28 points to the more severe estates. Conclusions. L-TTO produced higher utilities than TTO. Health problems are perceived as less severe if a lead period in full health is added upfront, implying that there are interactions between disjointed time periods. The advantages of this method have to be compared with the cost of modeling the interaction between periods.
Evaluation of the gallbladder and cystic duct patency with gadoxetate disodium enhanced MR cholangiography: prospective comparison of patients with normal gallbladder function and acute cholecystitis
Authors: Yacoub Joseph H , Yousuf Ambereen , Agrawal Garima , Thomas Stephen , Appelbaum Daniel E , Oto Aytekin
Published: July 2014

Background

Using hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents such as gadoxetate disodium, MRI can provide functional information regarding the patency of the cystic duct similar to hepatobiliary scintigraphy in addition to anatomic images.

Purpose

To describe the gadoxetate disodium enhanced MR cholangiography (GDE-MRC) findings in patients with acute cholecystitis and to compare them with findings in patients without acute cholecystitis and with normal hepatobiliary scintigraphy.

Material and Methods

This study was HIPAA compliant and institutional review board approved. Twenty-three patients ( n = 14 diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis based on ultrasound [US] or computed tomography [CT]; n = 9 controls with normal hepatobiliary scintigraphy) were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent GDE-MRC within 2 days of the US, CT, or hepatobiliary scintigraphy. GDE-MRC included axial gradient echo T1-weighted images before and 3, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min after injection of 10 mL of gadoxetate disodium. If excretion of contrast into the gallbladder was not noted at 60 min, intravenous morphine was administered (0.04 mg/kg) and images were acquired 30 min later.

Results

In all nine controls, gadoxetate disodium was excreted into the gallbladder within 60 min (7/9 in <30 min). Twelve out of 14 patients with acute cholecystitis completed the study. Six out of 12 (50%) patients demonstrated contrast in their gallbladder within 1 h of administration similar to the control group (2/6 in <30 min). In the remaining 6/12 patients, contrast was not present in the gallbladder within 1 h from injection. Following morphine augmentation, contrast was subsequently noted in the gallbladder in 2/6 patients.

Conclusion

GDE-MRC can assess the patency of the cystic duct. Delayed (>60 min) or lack of filling of the gallbladder during GDE-MRC supports the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. However, filling of the gallbladder with contrast in <60 min does not exclude the diagnosis of acute calculous cholecystitis.
Harm J. de Blij’s 1983 Wine:
Authors: Hiner Colleen C. , Townsend Christi G. , Lavy Brendan L.
Published: July 2014

Harm de Blij was one of the most influential scholars in the field of geography. Few modern geographers have accomplished more to advance a public appreciation for the field. He was known primarily for his work in geopolitics, regional geography, and environmental geography, and he published well over 100 articles and books on these subjects. He was also known for his love of fine wine. In 1983, de Blij published Wine: A Geographic Appreciation, a groundbreaking book and bestseller, which, in part, set the stage for the study of the geography of wine and viticulture. This paper examines de Blij’s 1983 tome, including a brief examination of the political, economic, and cultural elements of wine geography followed by a focused discussion of the book’s influence on the physical geography of viticulture. Ultimately, this paper considers the impact and legacy of Wine: A Geographic Appreciation, a classic in physical geography, as the subfield of wine geography continues to develop.
Catalytic pyrolysis of waste furniture sawdust for bio-oil production
Authors: Uzun Başak B , Kanmaz Gülin
Published: July 2014

In this study, the catalytic pyrolysis of waste furniture sawdust in the presence of ZSM-5, H-Y and MCM-41 (10 wt % of the biomass sample) was carried out in order to increase the quality of the liquid product at the various pyrolysis temperatures of 400, 450, 500 and 550oC. In the non-catalytic work, the maximum oil yield was obtained as 42% at 500oC in a fixed-bed reactor system. In the catalytic work, the maximum oil yield was decreased to 37.48, 30.04 and 29.23% in the presence of ZSM-5, H-Y and MCM-41, respectively. The obtained pyrolysis oils were analyzed by various spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. It was determined that the use of a catalyst decreased acids and increased valuable organics found in the bio-oil. The removal of oxygen from bio-oil was confirmed with the results of the elemental analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Validation of a Portuguese Version of the Snyder Hope Scale in a Sample of High School Students
Authors: Marques Susana C. , Lopez Shane J. , Fontaine Anne Marie , Coimbra Susana , Mitchell Joanna
Published: July 2014

C. R. Snyder conceptualized hope as a cognitive construct that reflects people’s motivation and capacity to strive toward personally relevant goals. Using this definition, Snyder and colleagues developed and validated the Hope Scale (HS). This study is the first study to examine the psychometric properties of the HS in a sample of high school students ( N = 1,012 Portuguese students). Reliability, factor structure, and criterion-related validity were investigated. The results support the psychometric properties of the scale, as well as the two-factor structure of Agency and Pathways. Findings from this study suggest that the HS can be used with high school students and Portuguese-speaking samples.
Neurologic Sequela in a Patient With Galactosemia Potentially Mediated by Interleukin-11 Dysfunction
Authors: Winter Gidon N. , Ben-Pazi Hilla
Published: July 2014

A 16-year-old galactosemic patient, homozygous for the 5.5-kb gene deletion, suffered severe neurologic regression following streptococcal infection. Since the gene deletion includes the promoter of interleukin-11a receptor involved in neuronal apoptosis, we questioned whether this patient had no interleukin-11a receptor activity—resulting in neuronal toxicity during septicemia. We hypothesized that interleukin-11 levels would be elevated because of a loss of feedback induced by the absent interleukin-11Ra receptor complex. To assess this, we compared interleukin-11 levels in the proband and 2 of his siblings with the same genetic deletion, to age-matched controls. No differences were found in interleukin-11 levels between groups. Our study was not carried out during acute infective states, when the disrupted immunoregulation triggered by sepsis is relevant, and is thus limited. In conclusion, although interleukin-11 was not chronically elevated in individuals with galactosemia and 5.5-kb gene deletion, data do not rule out potential interleukin-11 dysfunction during acute infection.
The Rural Planning Perspective at an Opportune Time
Authors: Frank Kathryn I. , Reiss Sean A.
Published: July 2014

An integrated, community-based perspective of “rural planning” is slowly emerging, and other fields, such as rural development, are showing interest. This review of over 240 references presents a current view of rural planning at this opportune time to propel the field to new heights. After summarizing literature statistics, the review synthesizes the rural planning perspective, knowledge from “rural studies,” and the practices of rural planning and development, and makes recommendations for the planning profession. Key findings include the diversity and dynamics of rural areas, advantages, and challenges of rural planning, cutting-edge techniques and designs, and the relationship with institutions.
Trends of Research Published by Clothing and Textiles Research Journal (1993–2012) and Outlook for Future Research
Authors: Ha-Brookshire Jung E. , Hawley Jana
Published: July 2014

In response to Ha-Brookshire and Hawley’s (2013) domain of clothing and textile-related (C&T) discipline through the sustainable global supply chain management perspective, we (a) reviewed the past research topics and contents and (b) assessed the gap between what has been done and what needs to be done, to offer new research opportunities within the global supply chain management perspective. Content analysis of 476 articles published by Clothing and Textile Research Journal from 1993 to 2012 shows that social/ psychological aspects of clothing dominated research topics. In comparison, there has been a lack of research on product development, design, sourcing, and production related topics that may help improve consumers’ economic gains, society, and environments. Research addressing global issues and creative problem solving within the C&T global supply chain were rare. The gaps in research topics within the global supply chain have been identified and specific future research questions are presented.
Patterns and Predictors of Mental Health Service Utilization in People With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Troeung Lakkhina , Gasson Natalie , Egan Sarah J.
Published: July 2014

Background:

Comorbid psychiatric complications are a common occurrence in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the majority of people with PD experiencing mental health problems do not receive any professional treatment.

Method:

A total of 327 Australian adults with PD completed a cross-sectional survey examining patterns of mental health service utilization and predictors of willingness to seek future mental health treatment.

Results:

Only 8% of participants were currently engaged in mental health treatment despite elevated levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The lifetime service use rate was also low at 24%. Logistic regression analysis showed that, second to prior treatment experience (odds ratio [OR] = 3.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46-7.35), having had a discussion about psychological symptoms with a primary PD neurologist was the next most important predictor and tripled the likelihood of an individual being willing to seek future treatment, (OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.72-5.27).

Conclusion:

This study highlights the integral role of the PD neurologist in facilitating awareness and treatment of mental health problems for individuals with PD.
The Synergistic Effects of Anxiety and Cerebral Hypoperfusion on Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Alosco Michael L. , Gunstad John , Beard Courtney , Xu Xiaomeng , Clark Uraina S. , Labbe Donald R. , Jerskey Beth A. , Ladino Maura , Cote Denise M. , Walsh Edward G. , Poppas Athena , Cohen Ronald A. , Sweet Lawrence H.
Published: July 2014

Objectives:

Anxiety is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with neurocognitive outcomes. The effect of anxiety on brain perfusion in a CVD population has yet to be examined, and no study has investigated the interactive effects of anxiety and cerebral perfusion on cognition.

Methods:

A total of 55 older adults with CVD completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and underwent arterial spin labeling to quantify cortical perfusion and thickness. Participants were administered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status.

Results:

Reduced perfusion predicted poorer cognition and decreased cortical thickness. Higher anxiety score predicted worse memory performance and decreased frontal perfusion. Frontal lobe hypoperfusion combined with increased BAI scores exacerbated poorer MMSE performance.

Conclusions:

Higher anxiety may exacerbate the effects of cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive impairment. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings and determine whether anxiety treatment improves neurocognitive outcomes in CVD.
New structural damage-identification method using modal updating and model reduction
Authors: Ettefagh Mir M , Akbari Hossein , Asadi Keivan , Abbasi Farshid
Published: July 2014

Early prediction of damages using vibration signal is essential in avoiding the failure in structures. Among different damage-detection approaches, the finite-element model updating and modal analysis-based methods are of most importance due to their applicability and feasibility. Owing to some restrictions in nodal measurements in experimental cases, finite-element model reduction is an indispensable part of fault-detection methods. Even though model reduction of dynamic systems leads to the less complicated models, an improved convergence rate and acceptable accuracy are highly required for a successful structural health monitoring of the real complex systems. In this paper, the aim is to design a damage-detection algorithm based on a new model updating method, which has a faster rate of convergence and higher accuracy. Then the proposed method is applied on a simulated damaged beam considering different noise levels to see how capable the method is in dealing with noise-corrupted data. Finally, the experimentally extracted data from a cracked beam in a real noisy condition are used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method in identifying the damages in a beam-like structure. It is concluded that the identification of the damages by the proposed method is encouraging and robust to the noise compared with the traditional method. Also, the proposed method converges faster and is more accurate in identifying damage than the traditional method.
Coal-gangue interface detection based on Hilbert spectral analysis of vibrations due to rock impacts on a longwall mining machine
Authors: Liu Wei , He Kai , Liu Cheng-Yin , Gao Qun , Yan Yu-hua
Published: July 2014

Coal-gangue interface detection during top-coal caving mining is a challenging problem. This paper proposes a new empirical approach to detect the coal-gangue interface based on vibration signal analysis of the tail boom support of the longwall mining machine. Due to nonstationary characteristics in vibration signals in this complicated environment, the empirical mode decomposition is used to decompose the original vibration signals into intrinsic mode functions. The associated Hilbert transform calculates the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of the selected intrinsic mode functions, providing a novel Hilbert spectrum in the time-frequency domain. The distribution of the Hilbert spectrum of top-coal caving is found to be more uniform than that of coal-gangue caving. A method of vibration feature extraction based on the information entropy of the Hilbert spectrum is presented. The Mahalanobis distance function is used to classify the caving states. Experimental results show that the Mahalanobis distance measure applied to the information entropy of the Hilbert spectrum of vibration signals from the tail boom support of a longwall mining machine is effective for coal-gangue interface detection.
Robust H∞ control of Theodorsen’s lift model for a pitching and plunging airfoil using linear matrix inequality approach
Authors: Li Zhicheng , Agarwal Ramesh K , Gao Huijun
Published: July 2014

This paper develops a robust H∞ controller for a pitching and plunging airfoil using the state space representation of Theodorsen’s lift model employing the linear matrix inequalities method. Both parameter uncertainty and the input disturbances are considered in the model. The existence condition for the robust H∞ state-feedback controller is obtained using the Lyapunov functional approach. In practical systems, it is difficult to obtain all the states of the model needed for the controller. Thus, the observer existence condition is proposed to provide the states’ information for the model. Several examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed controller and the designed observer.
Flow in the near air wake of a modified frigate
Authors: Bardera R , Meseguer J
Published: July 2014

Current naval ships were designed without considerations for the air wake encountered on the flight deck. Naval frigates superstructures design has resulted in a sharp-edges box type that generates a wake dominated by highly turbulent recirculating flows. These flows can affect the safety of the helicopter during the takeoff and landing maneuvers. This paper presents wind tunnel tests performed in order to obtain a more complete insight and understanding of the typical flow on a simple frigate shape. Moreover, a solution to reduce the influence of the wake flow above the flight deck and a risk reduction for on-board helicopter operations is proposed by modifying the usual frigate geometry. Four simple frigate shape hangar roof configurations were investigated by wind tunnel testing. Measurements of the velocity and pressure fields on the flow above the flight deck were performed and results compared in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified hangar roof design.
Headspace Gosford data: The local application of a National model
Authors: Howe Deborah , Coates Dominiek , Batchelor Samantha
Published: July 2014

Objectives:

Despite the high prevalence of mental health problems for young Australians, many do not have ready access to treatment or are reluctant to seek help. Until recently there was a tendency for young Australians to fall between the gap of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services and Adult Mental Health Services, and this has contributed to low rates of service use for young people. In 2006, the Australian Government sought to redress this gap in service delivery with its establishment of the Australian National Youth Mental Health Foundation, headspace. This paper presents demographic data collected at headspace Gosford over a 5.5-year period.

Conclusions:

The data presented indicates that headspace Gosford has been successful in improving early access to mental health treatment for young people on the Central Coast, in particular for young people aged 14–18. Headspace Gosford has attracted young people of both sexes, with a higher proportion of females. The majority of young people access headspace for mental health problems, predominantly depression and anxiety; however, a significant proportion report physical health or alcohol and drug-related reasons. The likelihood of these referral reasons is informed by gender and age.
Everolimus in Breast Cancer
Authors: Dorris John R. , Jones Suzanne
Published: July 2014

Objective: To highlight the potential role of pharmacists in facilitating use of everolimus in breast cancer and increase practitioner knowledge of everolimus therapy to enhance patient outcomes. Data Sources: A PubMed (1966 to May 2013) search included the terms everolimus, breast cancer, adverse events (AEs), pharmacist, and pharmacy. Abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2012 Annual Meeting were also reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles published in English and directly related to everolimus clinical trials in breast cancer and other cancers were included, as were general pharmacy practice articles. Data Synthesis: Phase 3 clinical trials are currently exploring the efficacy of everolimus in combination therapy for breast cancer and the pharmacotherapeutical implications of the drug’s mechanism of action in relation to the PI3K/Akt pathway. Everolimus treatment–related topics relevant for pharmacists include drug administration, AE profile, potential drug interactions, dose adjustments, and comorbidity management. This comprehensive literature review of all components of everolimus treatment reveals the complexity of this treatment approach and the need for increased pharmacist involvement. Conclusions: Research based on the current treatment landscape and health care delivery system shows that pharmacists can greatly enhance patient care by providing teaching as part of a comprehensive cancer treatment approach. Because of their advanced knowledge of pharmacotherapy, pharmacists can directly support safe and effective use of everolimus while promoting optimal patient outcomes through a multidisciplinary approach that addresses comorbid conditions; they can also provide effective counseling and patient teaching in an ever-changing health care delivery system.
Examining 3-D Technologies in Laptop Displays
Authors: Burks Rick , Harper Christy , Bartha Michael C.
Published: July 2014

As 3-D content migrates to the laptop, it is important to understand if customers can perceive quality differences between the 3-D technologies and to know if they feel any discomfort with close-up viewing of 3-D displays. In this study, we compared the quality and viewing comfort of active, passive, and autostereoscopic (glasses-free) 3-D displays. We found that participants were able to discern differences in 3-D quality and comfort on laptop computer displays in realistic viewing conditions within a short period. Although the active and passive displays were comparable, the autostereoscopic display was rated lower in quality and viewing comfort.
Are Collaborations Enough? Professionals’ Knowledge of Victim Services
Authors: Vinton Linda , Wilke Dina J.
Published: July 2014

Service providers must be aware of community resources to make referrals, and yet studies have found providers to be less knowledgeable of services other than their own. This article describes a survey of 279 domestic violence, victim assistance, law enforcement, legal professionals, public health, and mental health professionals who were asked about a range of services for victims of domestic violence. Results indicated that groups had less knowledge of some services, notably, special services provided by domestic violence shelters and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), food, and goods. Perceptions of service availability differed across professional groups in terms of overall health, law enforcement, and shelter services. Results call for purposeful interprofessional communication and cross-training.
Intimate Partner Physical and Sexual Violence and Outcomes of Unintended Pregnancy Among National Samples of Women From Three Former Soviet Union Countries
Authors: Ismayilova Leyla , El-Bassel Nabila
Published: July 2014

The article examines the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and unintended pregnancy among nationally representative samples of women in three former Soviet Union countries. Women who experienced physical and/or sexual IPV from their current or most recent husband or living together partner demonstrated higher risks of unintended last pregnancy, either terminated through abortion (in Azerbaijan, Moldova, and Ukraine) or resulting in unintended live birth (in Ukraine). IPV prevention components should be integrated into reproductive health programs to reduce the risk of unintended births and abortions among women living with abusive partners in these former Soviet Union countries.
Successful One-Lung Ventilation in a Patient With the Fontan Circulation Undergoing Thoracoscopic Procedure
Authors: Cvetkovic Draginja , Ramzy Wassim , Vitale Salvatore , Malekan Ramin , Warsy Irfan
Published: July 2014

Over the course of the past 4 decades, the survival of patients with the Fontan circulation has improved and today they often present for noncardiac surgery anesthesia care. In patients with the Fontan circulation, pulmonary blood flow is passive and anesthetic management is directed at reducing pulmonary vascular resistance and maintaining adequate cardiac output. One-lung ventilation can have unfavorable effects on the Fontan circulation due to hypoxia, hypercarbia, and increased airway pressure. We present a case of successful one-lung ventilation in a patient with the Fontan circulation and describe the perioperative anesthetic management.
Reducing the friction of lubricated nonconformal point contacts by transverse shallow micro-grooves
Authors: Ali Fadi , Křupka Ivan , Hartl Martin
Published: July 2014

This study focuses on the effects of transverse shallow micro-grooves on the film thickness and friction of nonconformal contacts under relative motion. Experiments were conducted using a ball-on-disc tribometer equipped with high speed camera and torque sensor. The lubricated contact between the steel ball and glass disc represents a nonconformal point contact with elastohydrodynamic lubrication. The measurements of the film thickness were carried out using the optical interferometry technique while the friction was measured by a torque sensor on the ball shaft. The results reveal that the rubbing surfaces with transverse shallow micro-grooves with a length less than the diameter of the Hertzian contact have an improved tribological performance in comparison with smooth surfaces in the elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime. Indeed, a significant enhancement of film thickness has been observed using such design of micro-grooves. On the other hand, the transverse deep and shallow micro-grooves with a length larger than the diameter of the Hertzian contact suffer from the side leakage and the lubricant is ejected out of the contact by sideways leading to a pressure drop and film thickness collapse. Moreover, the measured friction of surfaces textured with shallow micro-grooves without intersection with the outer Hertzian circle is less than the friction of smooth surfaces in sliding and reversal motion.
Exploring the differences among Chinese casino gamblers’ characteristics, motivations, and behaviors
Authors: Chan Sow Hup Joanne , Wan Yim King Penny , Wong Ip Kin Anthony
Published: July 2014

Few studies of gambling report subgroup differences within a culture. This study investigates whether there are subgroup differences among gamblers regarding their characteristics and their gambling behaviors and motivations. Face-to-face survey data were collected from two major groups of gamblers in Macau, namely mainland Chinese and Hong Kong Chinese. Findings from 371 respondents indicate significant differences between places of origin with regard to age, gender, monthly income, occupation, whether it was their first trip, the primary purpose of the trip, length of intended stay, and how long they usually stay in one casino. There are also behavioral differences, such as the size of the bets for each game, and the motivation for gambling. Marketing implications to meet the needs of the subgroups of Chinese customers were also drawn.
‘I want the way I look to matter less’: A case study describing psychological aspects of changing appearance
Authors: Tevik Frøydis , Feragen Kristin Billaud
Published: July 2014

There is a need for a better understanding of psychological processes when appearance is changed dramatically through surgery. The aim of this article is to shed light on how complex the process of changing appearance can be, and highlight the importance of including a psychological perspective to the treatment offered to children and adolescents with a visible condition affecting appearance. In order to illustrate some psychological aspects involved in a change of appearance, the case study of a young woman born with a cleft palate is presented. Through orthognathic surgery, an operation that changes the relationship and position of the upper and lower jaw, this young woman experienced a dramatic change in appearance. As a result of a new attractive appearance, she experienced new and different social interactions, which challenged her in surprising ways. Unexpectedly, an unknown past of childhood sexual abuse was triggered by romantic experiences due to her new appearance, and she developed signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. This article presents central themes from the therapy and clinical interventions, which were mainly based on a solution-oriented and cognitive framework, and considers how the change of appearance affected the way this young woman behaved, felt and thought about herself after the surgery. Clinical implications of the case are discussed and their relevance to another research field – dramatic weight loss among those suffering from obesity – is suggested.
Resilience in UK counter-terrorism
Authors: Hardy Keiran
Published: July 2014

Resilience describes the capacity of an individual, community or ecosystem to mitigate the impact of a shock or disturbance and then to recover in its aftermath. In recent years, resilience has become the favoured solution for a range of contemporary policy problems including natural disasters, mental health issues and terrorism. However, the concept is understood far less in criminology and counter-terrorism than in other fields such as psychology and natural hazards studies. This article compares resilience-building measures in the Prepare and Prevent strands of CONTEST, the UK government’s national strategy for countering terrorism. Its aim is to explore the benefits and dangers of resilience according to how the concept is defined and applied across different contexts.
Effect of air flow rates on concurrent supply and exhaust kitchen ventilation system
Authors: Yi Kun Woo , Kim Young Il , Bae Gwi-Nam
Published: July 2014

Concurrent supply and exhaust ventilation (CSEV) has been developed to effectively exhaust heat and contamination from the kitchen. The objective of this research was to investigate the performance variation of this system with respect to air flow rates. CSEV system can block the contaminated air from entering the inner space by supplying fresh air horizontally in the ceilings towards the hood where the overflowed contaminated gas tends to diffuse to inner part of the room. The system captures contaminated air in an area near the ceiling and this captured air is then exhausted through the ceiling outlet. For quantitative evaluation, heat and gas capture efficiencies were defined and calculated. Experiments were conducted to compute heat and gas capture efficiencies based on the temperature and SF6 concentration data that were measured at the exhaust locations. To find optimum operation conditions for a CSEV system, numerical analysis was carried out. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental values. Maximum differences between the two methods are 17% for hood system and 10% for CSEV. Both heat and gas capture efficiencies would increase as exhaust flow rate of the hood increases. However, the optimum supply flow rate of ceiling nozzle was found to be 100 m3/h for maximum efficiency. This optimum flow rate condition would improve removing heat and contamination from the kitchen for better indoor air quality.
Sifting signal from noise: A new perspective on the meaning of tweets about the “big game”
Authors: Graves Ian , McDonald Nora , Goggins Sean P
Published: July 2014

A good deal of Twitter research focuses on event-detection using algorithms that rely on keywords and tweet density. We present an alternative analysis of tweets, filtering by hashtags related to the 2012 Superbowl and validated against the 2013 baseball World Series. We analyze low-volume, topically similar tweets which reference specific plays (sub-contexts) within the game at the time they occur. These communications are not explicitly linked; they pivot on keywords and do not correlate with spikes in tweets-per-minute. Such phenomena are not readily identified by current event-detection algorithms, which rely on volume to drive the analytic engine. We propose to demonstrate the effectiveness of empirically and theoretically informed approaches and use qualitative analysis and theory to inform the design of future event-detection algorithms. Specifically, we propose theories of Information Grounds and “third places” to explain sub-contexts that emerge. Conceptualizing sub-contexts as a socio-technical place advances the framing of Twitter event-detection from principally computational to deeply contextual.
Becoming a God: Max Weber and the social construction of charisma
Authors: Joosse Paul
Published: July 2014

This article seeks to demonstrate that implicit within Weber’s writings on charisma are tools that can enable a processual, social constructionist understanding of charismatic formation. A corollary of this point is that Weber’s writings represent an historically crucial turning point in the progression from a Carlylian idea of leaders as inherently powerful to a non-essentialist, sociological perspective, and that Weber’s inspiration for this progression is best understood not through reference to his nineteenth-century forbearers in the social sciences, but rather in his contrast with the very few theological writers (namely Rudolph Sohm and the writers of the New Testament) who actually had employed charisma as a term prior to Weber’s famous appropriation of it. A reinterpretation and retranslation of Weber’s writings on charisma that gives priority to the social constructionist elements in his thought can provide tools for navigating through many of the interpretational controversies that have plagued charisma research.
Investigation of the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of isotactic polypropylene/linear low-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate polymer blends and their fibers
Authors: Kocak Dilara , Akalin Mehmet , Merdan Nigar
Published: July 2014

In order to improve the functionality of certain defective characteristics of polypropylene polymer and fiber, their blends are analyzed physically and chemically both in the industry and the academia. There are fibers obtained from two different polymer blends and additive-added fibers in the polypropylene fiber industry. The aim of this study is to obtain polymer blends and their fibers, which consist of isotactic polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene. In order to improve the blending of isotactic polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate was added in the blend at different concentration such as 1, 5, 10, and 15% by using a twin-screw extruder. Polymer blends and their fibers were produced from the blends with different ratios of blending. Besides, the mechanical properties including strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity, yield of strength, Izod impact strength, hardness, thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry and melt flow index), and morphological properties (scanning electron microscopy) of polymer blends and their fibers were investigated.
I Move Like You . . . But Different
Authors: Francombe-Webb Jessica , Rich Emma , De Pian Laura
Published: July 2014

Our aim in this article is to throw light on the complexity of the presence of the researcher’s body in the context of conducting research on and within biopolitical governance. To do so, we present author body-narratives derived from two separatestudies, both of which explore biopolitics and draw on an embodied methodology. These narratives point toward the corporeal contradictions of being located within a culture of reading and critiquing bodies while realizing the presence of our own physicality. We argue that methodological reflection on the connections between bodies within the research field ought to rest high among the list of things shaping the future of work related to biopolitics or we risk the effacement of the body. We articulate this in two key ways. First, we examine the emplacement of the fleshy bodies of researchers and the individuals we encounter. We offer reflections on the complexities of the emplacement of our researcher bodies in time, space, and place, and advance a politics of reflexivity that sheds light on how we experience, make claims, and speak about embodiment and physical culture. Second, as scholars who seek to disrupt biopolitical forces and attempt to transcend political and disciplinary boundaries, we consider the presence of the body in a process of border crossing. Rather than simply considering border crossing as an exchange of ideas, knowledge, and practices; we explore the ways in which the presence of our sometimes “normative” bodies can seemingly complicate and contradict our political agenda.
The Moving Body and Social Change
Authors: Markula Pirkko
Published: July 2014

In this article, I aim to examine the possibilities for transcending neo-liberal individuality and the fixed construction of the feminine identity by engaging the force of the active, moving body. While poststructuralist theory has been helpful in terms of illuminating the problems with current attempts to initiate change, accounting for the body requires an added engagement with the materiality of the body and the mechanics of movement. Drawing from theoretical insights by Foucault, Deleuze, and Latour, I discuss my attempt to develop a movement practice informed both by social theory and the principles of anatomical and biomechanical analysis. Using my experiences as a fitness instructor, I explore if it is possible to practice movement differently beyond the biopolitics of neo-liberalism.
Suspect of Smiles
Authors: Clift Bryan C.
Published: July 2014

In this article, I perform and discuss two interrelated embodied tensions brought on by my experiences with the people of one urban-based nonprofit organization: my uneasiness with charity and voluntarism, and my conflicted relationship with the practice of running. This is also about the people of Back on My Feet (2010), a nonprofit organization that partners with addiction and homelessness recovery centers to empower those recovering through the practice of running. I detail, in particular, how these tensions problematize the desire to help others, challenge my sense of self, and challenge my own politics, all while trying not to undercut the positive effects of the organization, the people, and its practices. Piecing together stories from my experience, memory, and notes, I write to learn and make known my own hesitancies, hypocrisies, and uncertainties expressed through my body in search of urban social justice and to work toward decolonizing my inquiry.
Sporting a Skort
Authors: Flanagan M. Katie
Published: July 2014

This article explores the intersecting vectors of power, surveillance, and identity relating to technologies of material culture as located within the so-called “skort” or running skirt. It presents a cultural history of the skort, situating it within historical debates over femininity and sport, and contemporary arguments over the commercial branding of the feminine ideal. The author also presents and discusses the findings of her participant-observation that she performed in a group fitness studio on multiple occasions dressed in three different exercise outfits: a running skirt, a pair of shorts, and a sweat suit. With a focus on the skort experience, the concept of skorting materiality emerged in relation to the matrices of power acting on the body and highlights the results of this ethnographic experience, which uses “the researcher’s body to understand how power operates.” This analysis of skorting materiality focuses on the historically produced present and the current function of the skort in physical culture; its garment’s utility, function, meanings, and messages articulated concocting a rich display of culture and moving biopolitics.
Nonlinear screening designs for defense testing: an overview and case study
Authors: Dougherty Shane , Simpson James R , Hill Raymond R , Pignatiello Joseph J , White Edward D
Published: July 2014

Recent efforts to improve the statistical rigor of both developmental and operational testing include recommendations to consider second-order screening designs. In this paper, we provide a broad review of screening designs and second-order screening designs. We then consider a real-world wind tunnel experiment case study from the recent published literature and use subject matter expertise to consider the viability of second-order screening design, a recently developed design called the DSD+, to sufficiently screen important factors in complex, nonlinear systems of interest using just a single experimental design.
The Ottawa statement on the ethical design and conduct of cluster randomized trials: A short report
Authors: Weijer Charles , Taljaard Monica , Grimshaw Jeremy M , Edwards Sarah JL , Eccles Martin P ,   The Ottawa Ethics of Cluster Randomised Trials Consensus Group
Published: July 2014

Owing to unique features of their design, cluster randomized trials complicate the interpretation of standard ethics guidelines. The recently published Ottawa statement on the ethical design and conduct of cluster randomized trials provides researchers and research ethics committees with detailed guidance on the design, conduct, and review of cluster trials. The Ottawa statement sets out 15 recommendations, including guidance on the justification of study design, the need for research ethics committee review, the identification of research participants, obtaining informed consent, the role of gatekeepers in protecting cluster interests, the assessment of benefits and harms, and the protection of vulnerable participants.
Feature generation method for fault diagnosis of closed cable loop used in deployable space structures
Authors: Pan Zehao , Wu Jianing , Yan Shaoze , Gu Yongxia
Published: July 2014

In order to diagnose the fault of closed cable loop in deployable space structures, a method of feature generation from deployment angle is proposed. Existing reliability analysis of deployable space structure is usually based on estimated probability or expert knowledge, which are inaccurate and will attenuate the credibility of analysis result. In order to ground the knowledge of the reliability of state-of-the-art closed cable loop on engineering practices, we studied an approach that can identify the features of the data transmitted from spacecraft and automatically diagnose the faults in closed cable loop. The primary feature was identified as higher angle discrepancy in synchronized angles when faults in closed cable loop occur. To reduce the probability of erroneous diagnosis, the loss of velocity concordance in synchronized angles is used jointly with the primary feature. The mathematical expressions of the two features are specified as average difference of angular displacement and Gini concordance of angular velocity. The classifier of normal and faulty closed cable loop is generated by support vector machine, whose training data are produced via simulation or experiments. Case study of a three-panel solar array adopts the method to generate features from simulation result, which serves as the training data for support vector machine. The trained classifier is further applied in the diagnosis of angular signals from an experimental setup and the results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Thalassaemia
Authors: Machin Annabelle
Published: July 2014

Thalassaemia, a term derived from the Greek thalassa (sea) and haima (blood), encompasses a group of autosomal-recessive conditions comprising of abnormalities in α- and β-globin synthesis. Resultant ineffective erythropoiesis and haemolysis causes anaemia with multiple secondary complications. Although the thalassaemias are largely managed in secondary care by transfusion, splenectomy, iron chelation and stem cell transplantation, GPs still have a significant role to play.
Cognitivity Everywhere
Authors: Pupo Alexandre
Published: July 2014

Already, human society has much of its information processed and stored by machines. In the future, a new type of computational paradigm called “cognitive computing” will establish a system aware of everything and capable of reasoning about everything, in a world that will be urban, totally interconnected by electro-electronic devices and software, and where people will compete for work with intelligent machines in a service economy in which information is a high-value asset. Not suffering the physical and psychological limitations of humans, cognitive systems will evolve at unprecedented speeds and will have the ability to intervene in people’s lives in ways unimagined today. This will cause both positive and negative changes in human society and push people toward a world managed by machines where humans will be better able of enjoy leisure but, at the same time, may lose an important level of control.
Challenges in Emerging Biotechnology
Authors: Mack Timothy C.
Published: July 2014

For research and development work, unlike “pure” scientific research, there is a definite final goal: the solution to a specific problem, or a new product developed to fill a particular market niche. As multiple and interactive forces have increasingly arisen to complicate the R&D process, sustained confidence in ultimate success has become essential. This essay examines the bases for such confidence in the field of biotechnology and suggests practical ways to validate their existence.
Co-cultured tissue-specific scaffolds for tendon/bone interface engineering
Authors: Cooper Jared O , Bumgardner Joel D , Cole Judith A , Smith Richard A , Haggard Warren O
Published: July 2014

The tendon/ligament-to-bone interface has a complex organization to enable transfer of forces through the tendon/ligament to the bone. The purpose of this study is to create a co-culture environment enabling a tissue-specific tendon region and tissue-specific bone region on a degradable scaffold, using NIH 3T3 fibroblast–deposited extracellular matrix and MC 3T3 osteoblast–deposited extracellular matrix, respectively. Before full characterization of the deposited extracellular matrix coating can be analyzed, co-culture parameters including culture medium and seeding technique should be addressed. An appropriate medium formulation was developed to reduce fibroblast to osteoblast mineralization by adjusting beta-glycerophosphate concentrations. Standard growth medium with fetal bovine serum + 3 mM beta-glycerophosphate + 25 µg/mL ascorbic acid was found to be the most suitable formulation evaluated in these study conditions. Seeding and cell migration studies of co-cultured fibroblast- and osteoblast-specific scaffolds were performed to identify whether tissue regions could be created on the scaffold. Fibroblast and osteoblast regions were successfully seeded and little to no cell migration was observed up to 42 h after seeding. Finally, a preliminary analysis of basic extracellular matrix components was measured in the fibroblast, osteoblast, and transition regions. Tissue-specific DNA, glycosaminoglycan, and collagen were found in uniform amounts on the scaffolds and were not different significantly between scaffold regions. In conclusion, initial steps to create tissue-specific fibroblast and osteoblast regions on a degradable scaffold were successful in preparation for further characterization investigations as a tendon-to-bone interface scaffold.