bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presence of tapeworms (Cestoda) in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in north-western Poland, with particular emphasis on Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: Tylkowska Agnieszka , Pilarczyk Bogumiła , Pilarczyk Renata , Zyśko Michał , Tomza-Marciniak Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Foxes are a reservoir of parasites that are dangerous to humans. The aim of the study was to determine the parameters associated with the occurrence of tapeworms in red foxes in north-western Poland.

Material and Methods: Parasitological sections were taken from 620 red foxes using IST and SCT methods in 18 districts of West Pomerania Province.

Results: The extensity of fox infection with tapeworms was 61%. Echinococcus multilocularis, Mesocestoides spp., Dipylidium caninum, and specimens of the genus Taenia were identified. E. multilocularis was found in 11 districts. Mesocestoides spp. demonstrated the highest prevalence (41.3%), while E. multilocularis demonstrated the lowest prevalence (2.9%); however, it infected foxes with the greatest mean intensity (235.6 tapeworms per fox). The most common co-occurrence in a single host organism was observed for Mesocestoides spp. and tapeworms of the genus Taenia; however, no examples were found of coinfection by E. multilocularis and D. caninum.

Conclusion: The occurrence of tapeworms in foxes was high in West Pomerania Province and was often higher than observed in previous years. For this reason, the risk of parasite transmission to humans and domestic animals is mounting. The risk of infection is also amplifying due to the growth of the fox population.
Pituitary-testicular axis dysfunction in methimazole-induced hypothyroidism in rats
Authors: Gołyński Marcin , Metyk Michał , Szkodziak Piotr , Lutnicki Krzysztof , Kalisz Grzegorz , Szczepanik Marcin , Wilkołek Piotr , Dobrowolski Piotr
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Thyroid hormones play a major role in the regulation of testicular maturation and growth and in the control of Sertoli and Leydig cell functions in adulthood. When naturally occurring, hypothyroidism causes male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Sertoli cell function disorders, but when iatrogenic and methimazole-induced its influence on the pituitary-testicular axis function with respect to Sertoli cells is poorly known.

Material and Methods: Male adult Wistar rats (n = 14) were divided into two groups: E – taking methimazole orally for 60 days, and C – control animals. After 60 d, the concentrations in serum of testosterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinising hormones, and inhibins A and B were measured. Testicles were examined morphologically: the apoptotic Sertoli cell percentage (ASC%) and number of these cells functional per tubular mm2 (FSCN/Tmm2) were calculated.

Results: In group E, inhibin A was higher while inhibin B was lower than in group C. ASC% was higher and FSCN/Tmm2 lower in group E than in group C.

Conclusion: A specific modulation of Sertoli cell function in the course of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism leads to a simultaneous concentration increase in inhibin A and decrease in B. Inhibin A might share responsibility for pituitary-testicular axis dysfunction and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in this model of hypothyroidism.
Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different immune responses in unmaturated bovine macrophages
Authors: Bąska Piotr , Zawistowska-Deniziak Anna , Norbury Luke James , Wiśniewski Marcin , Januszkiewicz Kamil
Published: March 2019

Introduction:
Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) is a parasite of great socioeconomic importance. A number of fluke isolates have been identified; however, to date the differences between the immunomodulatory properties of different parasite isolates have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to explore differences between the immunomodulatory properties of two F. hepatica isolates using unmaturated bovine macrophages.

Material and Methods: A cell line of bovine macrophages was stimulated with excretory/secretory products released by adult flukes from either a laboratory (Fh-WeyES) or wild (Fh-WildES) strain and subsequently subjected to microarray and ELISA analyses.

Results: Both Fh-WeyES and Fh-WildES dampened the release of interleukin-10 by bovine macrophages, but only Fh-WildES dampened the release of proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor-α. Microarray analysis revealed that Fh-WildES down- and upregulated 90 and 18 genes, respectively, when compared to Fh-WeyES.

Conclusion: The results indicated different impacts of the isolates on macrophages. A number of researchers use flukes obtained from local slaughterhouses for experiments. Our findings may explain some discrepancies between published results arising from parasite strain choice. The findings indicate that consideration should be given to the use of different strains, and open new and currently unexplored avenues in parasitology for controlling the parasite.
Development of a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of quercetin in milk and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Gbylik-Sikorska Małgorzata , Gajda Anna , Burmańczuk Artur , Grabowski Tomasz , Posyniak Andrzej
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a natural therapeutic agent with a broad spectrum of activities (antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and simple ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of quercetin in milk.

Material and Methods: Sample preparation was based on a liquid-liquid extraction with 0.5% formic acid in acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was performed on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column with methanol and 0.5% formic acid as a mobile phase.

Results: The procedure was successfully validated. The mean recovery of the analyte was 98%, with the corresponding intra- and inter-day variation less than 10% and 15%, respectively, and the repeatability and reproducibility were in the range of 3%–7.2% and 6.1%–12%, respectively. The lowest level of quantification was 1.0 μg/kg.

Conclusion: The proposed method was successfully applied in evaluating the pharmacokinetics of quercetin in milk obtained from dairy cows with clinical mastitis after intramammary administration.
Occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow’s milk and their antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Różańska Hanna , Lewtak-Piłat Aleksandra , Kubajka Maria , Weiner Marcin
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of enterococci in inflammatory secretions from mastitic bovine udders and to assess their antimicrobial resistance.

Material and Methods: A total of 2,000 mastitic milk samples from cows were tested in 2014–2017. The isolation of enterococci was performed by precultivation in buffered peptone water, selective multiplication in a broth with sodium azide and cristal violet, and cultivation on Slanetz and Bartley agar. The identification of enterococci was carried out using Api rapid ID 32 strep kits. The antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the MIC technique.

Results: Enterococci were isolated from 426 samples (21.3%). Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant species (360 strains), followed by E. faecium (35 isolates), and small numbers of others. The highest level of resistance was observed to lincomycin, tetracycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid), erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tylosin. Single strains were resistant to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were sensitive to daptomycin. E. faecalis presented a higher level of resistance in comparison to E. faecium, except to nitrofurantoin.

Conclusion: The results showed frequent occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow’s milk and confirmed the high rate of their antimicrobial resistance.
Characterisation of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes
Authors: Stosik Michał , Tokarz-Deptuła Beata , Deptuła Wiesław
Published: March 2019

Thrombocytes in vertebrates other than mammals, inter alia in fish, are analogues of platelets in mammals. In Osteichthyes, these cells take part in haemostatic processes, including aggregation and release reactions in cases of blood vessel damage, and in the immune response development as well. This paper discusses the development of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes, taking into account the need to make changes to the concept of grouping progenitor cells as suggested in the literature. The following pages present the morphological and cytochemical properties of thrombocytes as well as their defence functions, and also point out differences between thrombocytes in fish and platelets in mammals. The paper further highlights the level of thrombocytes’ immune activity observed in fish and based on an increased proportion of these cells in response to antigenic stimulation, on morphological shifts towards forms characteristic of dendritic cells after antigenic stimulation and on the presence of surface structures and cytokines released through, inter alia, gene expression of TLR receptors, MHC class II protein-coding genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The study also points out the need to recognise thrombocytes in Osteichthyes as specialised immune cells conditioning non-specific immune mechanisms and playing an important role in affecting adaptive immune mechanisms.
In vitro evaluation of chitosan-DNA plasmid complex encoding Jembrana disease virus Env-TM protein as a vaccine candidate
Authors: Ishak Januar , Unsunnidhal Lalu , Martien Ronny , Kusumawati Asmarani
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The development of Jembrana disease vaccine is an important effort to prevent losses in the Bali cattle industry in Indonesia. This study aims to prepare a Jembrana DNA vaccine encoding the transmembrane portion of the envelope protein in pEGFP-C1 and test the success of its delivery in culture cells using a chitosan-DNA complex.

Material and Methods: Cloning of the DNA vaccine was successfully performed on E. coli DH5α and confirmed by colony PCR, restriction analysis and sequencing. The plasmids were prepared as a chitosan complex using the complex coacervation method and physicochemically characterised using a particle size analyser. A transfection assay was performed in HeLa cells with 4 h exposure, and mRNA expression was assessed at 24 h post transfection.

Results: With a 1:2 (wt./wt.) ratio of DNA and chitosan, the complexes have a mean diameter of 236 nm, zeta potential value of + 17.9 mV, and showed no high toxicity potential in the HeLa cells. This complex successfully delivered the DNA into cells, as shown by the presence of a specific RT-PCR product (336 bp). However, the real-time PCR analysis showed that the delivery with chitosan complex resulted in lower target mRNA expression when compared with a commercial transfecting agent.

Conclusion: pEGFP-env-tm JDV as a candidate vaccine can be delivered as the chitosan-DNA complex and be expressed at the transcription level in vitro. This initial study will be used for further improvement and evaluation in vivo.
Baculovirus expression and potential diagnostic application of the gp51 envelope glycoprotein of genetic mutants of the bovine leukaemia virus
Authors: Rola-Łuszczak Marzena , Grabowska Agnieszka , Szewczyk Bogusław , Kuźmak Jacek
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Field isolates of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) show the presence of a few amino acid substitutions in major conformational G and H epitopes on surface glycoprotein gp51. Potentially, these substitutions can affect the 3D structure of these epitopes leading to their diminished immunoreactivity. The aim of this study was to express three gp51 glycoproteins carrying mutated epitopes as recombinant baculovirus proteins in insect cells to test their immunoreactivity with bovine sera.

Material and Methods:
Env gene chimeras encoding mutated epitopes G and H in the env backbone of BLV FLK strain were constructed, cloned into pFastBac1 vector, and expressed in baculovirus.

Results: The presence of recombinant gp51 protein in Sf9 insect cells was confirmed using monoclonal antibodies. ELISA tests were developed to check the immunoreactivity of recombinant protein with bovine sera.

Conclusion: Recombinant gp51 proteins with altered G and H epitopes can be used for further studies to analyse the serological response of bovine sera towards BLV antigenic variants.
How might harmonization influence the future prevalence of public sector creative accounting?
Authors: Hodges Ron
Published: March 2019

This paper considers the significance of future harmonization on public sector creative forms of accounting (PSCA) in the context of both national accounting and government financial reporting. The analysis is carried out through a review of studies provided in the academic and official literatures. Examples are provided of PSCA in a ‘broad’ context of any manipulation of financial information and in a ‘focused’ context, referring to the reporting of deficit / surplus and associated levels of debt. The analysis is related to the influence of harmonization using the classification of information-manipulating behaviour drawn from Birnberg, Turopolec, and Young (1983). There is potential for accounting harmonization to improve the analysability of data to restrict PSCA. However, although many techniques of PSCA have been identified, the drivers and controllers of PSCA remain unclear. Accounting researchers should use their specialist understanding to draw out the differences between apparently consistent frameworks of accounting and to understand the policy effects and social implications of harmonization and related creative forms of accounting. There are relatively few studies of PSCA. This paper represents the first study that seeks to relate PSCA to the increasing tendency towards harmonisation of accounting in the public sector context. An agenda is included to guide researchers towards issues that are worthy of further consideration in this important area of study.
Institutionalizing accrual budgeting and accounting through a uniform legislation:Une expérience á la Camerounaise
Authors: Awasom Susana Yene
Published: March 2019

This paper traces the use of accrual accounting in a tradition where a uniform code-based accounting chart is imposed on all levels of government. Operating within a hybrid of Franco-German and Anglo-Saxon accounting heritage, local government in Cameroon experienced some hurdles in practicing accrual accounting for over a decade. It becomes therefore pertinent to examine the motivation towards the move to accrual accounting and the extent to which accrual data is used for financial reporting and decision-making. The study is hinged on a triangulation in qualitative research, with a case study, interviews and documentary analysis. New Public Management and the institutional theories are used as a framework to broaden the understanding of the practice of accrual as an accounting choice underpinning reforms in the Cameroon public sector. It was revealed in this study that the normative and coercive isomorphic pressures influenced the adoption and practice of accruals in councils. In order to appear legitimate and for fear of being sanctioned, council authorities had to produce some accrual-based financial reports at all cost, even though these reports were hardly used for management decisions making.
O direito português do mar: perspetivas para o séc. XXI
Authors: Ribeiro Marta Chantal , Faria Duarte Lynce de , Pereira Eliana Silva , Ribeiro Manuel Almeida , Coelho Paulo Neves , Graça Pedro Quartin , Ferreira Rui
Published: March 2019

O artigo é resultado de contributos de diferentes autores, abrindo com uma perspetiva geral do quadro presente e futuro do direito do mar em Portugal, a que se seguem incursões em matérias temáticas relevantes para a perceção de alguns desafios importantes para aquele ramo do direito nas décadas vindouras. Reformar, aprofundar, antecipar e investir são ações requeridas sobre o ordenamento jurídico português em domínios como, primeiro, a pesca, a investigação científica marinha e o sistema de autoridades com poderes de polícia nos espaços marítimos, segundo, o ordenamento e gestão do espaço marítimo nacional, o alargamento e consolidação da rede de áreas marinhas protegidas, e a prospeção, revelação e aproveitamento de recursos minerais do mar profundo, terceiro, a robótica submarina, as energias renováveis e o futuro acordo internacional para o desenvolvimento da CNUDM no domínio da conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade marinha além da jurisdição nacional, quarto, o processo em curso junto da CLPC relativo à fixação dos limites exteriores da plataforma continental portuguesa e a capacitação ao nível do conhecimento especializado do direito do mar. Parte destes domínios — pesca, mineração, robótica submarina e extensão da plataforma continental — são analisados em maior detalhe em secções independentes, beneficiando ainda o artigo de uma opinião sobre a velha querela da delimitação de fronteiras marítimas entre Portugal e Espanha e de uma outra sobre o futuro do direito marítimo em Portugal. Sendo menos abundantes os escritos nesta vertente jurídica mais afim ao direito privado, entendeu-se ser uma mais valia a sua adição ainda que num estudo dominado por questões de direito público do mar.
Improving the efficiency of bladder cancer diagnostic cystoscopy with 5-ALA hexyl ester
Authors: Kaprin A. D. , Trushin A. A. , Golovachenko M. P. , Ivanova-Radkevich V. I. , Chissov V. I. , Filonenko E. V.
Published: March 2019

This article presents the results of a clinical study that examined the diagnostic efficacy of fluorescent diagnostics (FD) of non-muscularinvasive bladder cancer using a photosensitizer of FD of malignant neoplasms – 5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester (5-ALA HE) compared with standard cystoscopy. The study involved 110 patients. The study began with intravesical administration of 50 ml of 0.2% solution of 5-ALA HE, the exposure time was 1 hour, after which the drug was removed from the organ. During the next hour, the mucous membranes were examined in two cystoscopy modes, followed by a standard transurethral resection of all urothelium sites with suspicion for tumor lesion based on white light and visible red fluorescence, and a control blind biopsy from the visually unchanged and non-fluorescent mucous tissue in each patient. The results of the study indicate the high effectiveness of the developed FD methodology with 5-ALA HE in detecting non-muscularinvasive bladder cancer during intravesical administration of the drug, due to selective accumulation of hexasens-induced PPIX in the tumor tissue compared with healthy mucosa. Compared with the results of standard cystoscopy, fluorescence diagnostics significantly increased diagnostic sensitivity by 24.4% (from 75.1% to 99.5%), diagnostic accuracy – by 15.8% (from 82.4% to 98.2%) and a negative predictive value – by 33.2% (from 65.8% to 99%) (p≤0.05). Additionally, a total of 37 (33.6%) patients was found to have 63 foci of fluorescence with a diameter of 2.5 to 3.0 mm. 59 of these were morphologically confirmed to contain cancer cells.
Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest in children: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kurt Funda , Bayrakcı Benan , Tekşam Özlem , Tekin Deniz , Derinöz Okşan , Polat Emine , Oğuz Sinan , Gültekingil Ayşe , Ödek Çağlar , Tuygun Nilden , Derbent Murat , Kalkan Gökhan , Şahin Şanlıay , Akça Halise , Kesici Selman , Gündüz Ramiz Coskun , Kendirli Tanıl , Suskan Emine
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics of children who experienced out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), and to assess the impact of the bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on the survival rate of witnessed arrests and the effects of the arrest and CPR durations on the neurological outcomes. This multicenter, retrospective study included a total of 182 patients who underwent CPR for out-of-hospital CPA between January 2008 and December 2012 at six centers in Ankara, Turkey. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] age was 22 (5-54) months; 60.4% of the patients were males, and 44% were younger than one year of age. The witnessed arrest rate was 75.8% (138/182) and the rate of bystander CPR was 13.9% (13/93). In these patients the rate of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was higher (76.9%). Following resuscitation in the patients for whom the spontaneous circulation was able to be returned, the median (IQR) duration of arrest was 5 (1- 15) min, while it was 15 (5-40) min for the remaining patients (p < 0.001). The ROSC rate was 94.9% in patients who underwent CPR for less than 20 min and 22% in patients requiring CPR longer than 20 min (p < 0.001). Survival to hospital discharge was 14.3%. Of these patients, 57.7% experienced neurological disability. The short duration of an arrest and the presence of CPR are both critical for survival. We suggest that a witness to the CPA, performing early and efficient CPR, yields better results.
Perioperative factors associated with hyperglycemia after pediatric cardiac surgery and impact of hyperglycemia on morbidity and mortality
Authors: Ödek Çağlar , Tutar Ercan , Uysalel Adnan , Ateş Can , Eyileten Zeynep , Uçar Tayfun , Yaman Ayhan , Yıldırım-Yıldız Nihan , Kendirli Tanıl , Atalay Semra
Published: March 2019

This retrospective, observational, single-center study aimed to determine the perioperative factors associated with postoperative hyperglycemia (blood glucose level ≥126 mg/dl) and the impact of hyperglycemia on morbidity and mortality in a cohort of children undergoing cardiac surgery. Non-diabetic children aged between 1 month to 18 years who were consecutively admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease between January 2008 and December 2013 were included. One hundred and twenty-six patients were qualified for inclusion during the study period. Seventy-four (57.8%) of the patients had at least one glucose measurement ≥ 126 mg/dl. Higher PRISM III-24 (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.02-1.18, p= 0.004) and PELOD (p=0.006) scores, higher Wernovsky inotropic score (p=0.027) and vasoactive-inotropic score (p=0.029) were associated with hyperglycemia. Postoperative hyperglycemia was not associated with duration of mechanical ventilation), length of PICU stay, healthcare associated infections, or mortality. Our study establishes that hyperglycemia is common after pediatric cardiac surgery but not associated with short-term morbidity and mortality. Insulin therapy can be accomplished without hypoglycemia when a permissive glycemic target is used. A large prospective multiple institution trial is necessary to facilitate defined guidelines for postoperative hyperglycemia after pediatric cardiac surgery.
Fever-induced Brugada syndrome in a 9-year-old boy presenting with acute chest pain
Authors: Besli Gülser Esen , Yıldırım Sema , Akalın İbrahim , Ayhan Yusuf İzzet , Kısıoğlu Merve , Berdeli Afig
Published: March 2019

Brugada syndrome, an arrhythmogenic disease, occurs due to mutations involving cardiac sodium channels. It is characterized by persistent or transient ST-segment elevation in the right precordial electrocardiogram leads that could be unmasked by several circumstances, with fever particularly. Molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to Brugada syndrome have not been completely elucidated. Mutations of the SCN5A gene encoding the pore-forming α-subunit of the cardiac sodium channel protein have been attributed in the molecular diagnosis. Although this syndrome is well-known in adults, it is less frequently reported in infants and children. We describe a 9-year-old Turkish boy with a family history of sudden cardiac death, who presented with chest pain and fever-induced expression of the Brugada syndrome phenotype that might be associated with a mutation in SCN5A gene.
Father`s role in infantile anorexia
Authors: Özyurt Gonca , Çağan-Appak Yeliz , Karakoyun Miray , Eliaçık Kayı , Baran Maşallah
Published: March 2019

Organic diseases account for only 16-30% of early feeding disorders. During the infancy period, mother-child relationship is in the center of feeding and disturbances in this relationship can also cause feeding disorders. Infantile anorexia (IA) usually begins within the first three years of age, but it has most commonly been observed to emerge between 9 and 18 months of age, a time during which babies transition to spoon and self-feeding. It is also worth noting that babies start to gain autonomy during this time frame. The present study discusses the case of an 8-month-old girl diagnosed with IA after ruling out food allergies, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, malrotation, and neurological problems. The patient was diagnosed with IA was treated with the relational regulation of parents and active participation of her father during the treatment process. It is found that mother-child relational disturbances and conflicts decreased dyadic reciprocity and non-appropriate affects in feeding times are associated with IA. Effective treatment strategies for non-organic feeding disorders might be developed by giving importance to maternal mental health and providing paternal involvement in baby caregiving.
APLIKASI EDIBLE COATING PATI SINGKONG PADA BUAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TEROLAH MINIMAL SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Ifmalinda Ifmalinda , Chatib Omil Charmyn , Soparani Dini Megatama
Published: March 2019

Buah pepaya sebelum dikonsumsi harus dikupas kulitnya dan bijinya dibuang. Pepaya yang sudah dikupas dan dipotong akan mudah mengalami kerusakan. Buah akan menjadi lunak dan lembek yang akan menyebabkan umur simpan akan menjadi lebih pendek serta akan mempengaruhi mutu dari buah pepaya. Upaya untuk mempertahankan mutu dan umur simpan buah papaya yang terolah minimal adalah mengendalikan proses fisiologis dan aktivitas mikroorganisme. Salah satu metode yang dilakukan untuk menghambat proses tersebut adalah dengan pelapisan edible coating. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menetukan konsentrasi edible coating pati singkong yang terbaik untuk mempertahankan mutu dan umur simpan pada buah pepaya terolah minimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak lengkap Faktorial yang terdiri dari perlakuan konsentrasi edible coating dan suhu penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi edible coating 2% pada penyimpanan suhu dingin merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk mempertahankan mutu buah pepaya terolah minimal selama penyimpanan.
ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR DAN BEBAN PENCEMARAN AIR PADA SUB DAS BOENTUKA KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN
Authors: Hamakonda Umbu A , Suharto Bambang , Susanawati Liliya Dewi
Published: March 2019

Rivers in the Boentuka Sub-watershed of Timor Tengah Selatan Regency have been shown to experience pollution caused by domestic and agricultural activities. This study aims to assess water quality and identify river water pollution loads based on water quality according to Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning water pollution management and control. The parameters analyzed were physical, chemical, and biological, the length of the river in the Boentuka Sub-watershed was 15km. The method of river water pollution index from upstream to downstream in 6 sampling points with test parameters such as the biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, fecal coliform and total coliform in the downstream has exceeded the criteria of class I water quality standards according to PP No. 82 of 2001. Pollution index of 1.11 to 4.62. This shows that the quality of river water has been polluted with mild pollution status. While the pollution load of domestic waste dumped into the river is on the biological oxygen demand parameter of 6297,584 kg / day and chemical oxygen demand of 7871.98 kg / day, fecal coliform pollution load of 458.0108 MPN / day and totalcoli 1210.121 MPN / day
Impact of land use and land use history on fruits production of Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea tree) according to agroclimatic zones in Mali (West Africa)
Authors: Kelly Bokary Allaye , Poudyal Mahesh , Bouvet Jean-Marc
Published: March 2019

To understand how various factors influence phenological patterns like fruit production and the extent of phenological variability as survival strategy in different environments, fruit production of shea trees was studied in different agroclimatic zones (North Sudanian, South Sudanian and North Guinean) in Mali. Three sites were selected for this study and in each site; two stands (field and fallow) were concerned. For each stand, three “land use history or land management" i.e. new fields/fallows (1-5 years), medium (6-10 years) and old (10 years) were considered and permanent plots of 0.25 ha were established. 60 adult shea trees (DBH) ? 10 cm) were selected by site and monitored for fruit production assessment. The nested analysis of variance on the yield showed a significant site effect and significant effect of land use history within stand. However, stand effect within site was not significant. Factors like site and land management (land use history) appear to be determinant for fruit production of V. paradoxa. The site of Mperesso in the South Sudanian zone showed the highest fruit mean yield (11 kg/tree), significantly higher than the fruit mean yield observed at Daelan (7 kg/tree) in the North Sudanian zone and that observed at Nafégué (6 kg/tree) in the North Guinean zone. For field stand, old fields showed highest mean yield in all sites. For fallow stand, old fallows showed the lowest mean yield in most of cases. Different pattern was observed between field and fallow stands regarding the effect of land management. More fields are aged, more they influence positively fruit production whereas more fallows are aged, and more they influence negatively fruit production. This study highlighted the importance of land management practices and therefore, any domestication program to be successful should consider the potential effect of management practices.
Effect of zinc/cadmium proportion in CdS layers deposited by CBD method
Authors: F. boufelgha, A. Boughelout R. Zellagui, H. Dehdouh, , D. Chaumont, M. Adnane T. Sahraoui,
Published: March 2019

Cadmium poisoning and the cost of panel recovery which is very expensive and difficult in the buffer layers of CdS in solar cell, for these two drawbacks, we do a search on the effect of proportion of zinc/cadmium in the properties layers of CdS. For this, our studies study the properties of CdxZn1-xS layers deposited by chemical bath (CBD). CdZnS thin films were synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) with different deposition protocols to optimize deposition parameters such as temperature, deposition time, ion concentrations and pH. The surface morphology, structural, optical and chemical properties of the CdZnS thin films were studied by SEM, XRD, Raman and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The transmittance is 80% in the visible region 300 nm - 800 nm; the crystalline structure is hexagonal and cubic, the grain size is between 9.95 to 25.82 nm. It is observed that the transmittance and the shape change with the concentration of zinc in the solution; this result favors the application of these films in solar cells application.
Microalgae based biodiesel production â€“ current and future scenario
Authors: Sahay Sudha , Braganza Vincent J
Published: March 2019

Microalgae have a clear potential to be used as a source for the production of biofuel. In order to utilize microalgae for this purpose, the most common systems for cultivating and harvesting them are investigated in the previous years. Since there are many species of microalgae with varying lipid accumulating characteristics, a diversity of options for the production of microalgae based energy have been analyzed. Subsequently, the energy inputs and conditions needed for growing and harvesting the microalgae and its oil production potentials are examined. This concludes with a formulation of complete concept for producing a renewable energy carrier from microalgae, which will be used for in-depth analysis.Â
In vitro antifungal activity of Turbinaria conoides collected from Mandapam coast, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Shibu A , Dhanam S.
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Â Â Â Â  Marine macroalgae have been used as medicines or drug sources for a great many years, stretching back to the era of folk medicines. Algae have been extensively used in the traditional medicines of maritime nations for treatment of goitre, cancer, hypertension, cough and other diseases. The present work was carried out to find out the antifungal activity of the seaweed Turbinaria conoides collected from Mandapam coastal regions of Tamilnadu. The extracts were tested against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilopsis, Fusarium sp, Aspergillus flavus , Asergillus fumigatus. The hexane, chloroform and ethanolic extracts showed a well profound inhibitory activity against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilopsis. No inhibitory activity was found at Fusarium sp, Aspergillus flavus , Asergillus fumigates under chloroform and ethanolic extracts.Key words: Medicine, antifungal, cancer, Candida albicans, diseases.
PHIALOMYCES MACROSPORUS REDUCES CERCOSPORA COFFEICOLA SURVIVAL ON SYMPTOMATIC COFFEE LEAVES
Authors: Laborde Marie Caroline Ferreira , Botelho Deila Magna dos Santos , Rodriguez Gabriel Alfonso Alvarez , Resende Mário Lúcio Vilela de , Queiroz Marisa Vieira de , Batista Aline Duarte , Cardoso Patrícia Gomes , Pascholati Sérgio Florentino , Gusmão Luis Fernando Pascholati , Martins Samuel Júlio , Medeiros Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos de
Published: March 2019

Saprobe fungi and necrotrophic pathogens share the same niche within crop stubble and the search for fungi non-pathogenic to plants that are able to displace the plant pathogens from its overwintering substrate contributes to the disease management. Brown eye spot (Cercospora coffeicola) is among the most important coffee diseases, it is caused by a necrotrophic pathogen that has decaying leaves as its major source of inoculum. We have screened saprobe fungi for the ability to reduce C. coffeicola sporulation and viability and determined the possible mechanisms involved in the observed biocontrol. A selected saprobe fungus, Phialomyces macrosporus, reduced the pathogen’s viability by 40% both in vitro and in vivo. The fungus acts through antibiosis and competition for nutrients. It produced both volatile and non-volatile compounds that inhibited C. coffeicola growth, sporulation, and viability. It also produced the tissue maceration enzyme (polygalacturonase), which reduces the pathogen both in detached leaves or in planta. The reduction in the fungal viability either by the saprobe fungus or its polygalacturonase-fraction supernatant resulted in the reduction of the disease rate. Therefore, P. macrosporus is a potential microbial agent that can be used in an integrated management of brown eye spot through the reduction of the initial inoculum of the pathogen that survives and builds up in infected leaves.

 
METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AND SENSORIAL QUALITY OF COFFEE IN THE MANTIQUEIRA REGION OF MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Borém Flávio Meira , Luz Marcos Paulo Santos , Sáfadi Thelma , Volpato Margarete Marin Lordelo , Alves Helena Maria Ramos , Borém Rosângela Alves Tristão , Maciel Daniel Andrade
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to identify meteorological variables related to the sensorial quality of the coffees from Mantiqueira region in Minas Gerais.  Meteorological conditions are strongly related to the coffee’s sensorial characteristics, however, there aren’t many studies quantifying this relation. Air temperature and rainfall data were collected and spatialized for regional analysis. These were associated to the 2007 through 2011 coffees’ beverage scores. The region is stratified according to relief characteristics. The bigger frequency of high scores occurred on the region’s central-south, where coffee cultivation is performed above 900 m altitude. For the in loco study, meteorological data and coffee samples were collected in selected pilot areas. Coffee crops were selected in three altitude ranges: below 1000 m, between 1000 and 1200 m, and over 1200 m. Above 1000 m the meteorological variable that presented the biggest variation was the air temperature. Above 1000 m  the smallest thermal amplitude occurred, which provided superior quality coffees. The study demonstrates the importance of the meteorological variable characterization aiming to identify locations with greater vocation to the specialty coffees production.
Authors: Naf'an Muhammad Zidny , Burhanuddin Auliya , Riyani Ade
Published: March 2019

Plagiarism is the act of taking part or all of one's ideas in the form of documents or texts without including sources of information retrieval. This study aims to detect the similarity of text documents using the cosine similarity algorithm and weighting TF-IDF so that it can be used to determine the value of plagiarism. The document used for comparison of this text is an abstract of Indonesian. The results of the study, namely when stemming the similarity value is higher on average 10% than the stemming process is not done. This study produces a similarity value above 50% for documents with a high degree of similarity. Whereas documents with low similarity levels or no plagiarism produce similarity values ​​below 40%. With the method used in the preprocessing consisting of folding cases, tokenizing, removeal stopwords, and stemming. After the preprocessing process, the next step is to calculate the weighting of TF-IDF and the similarity value using cosine similarity so that it gets a percentage similarity value. Based on the experimental results of the cosine similarity algorithm and weighting TF-IDF, it can produce similarity values ​​from each comparative document
"O Homem do Ano" a partir do ponto de vista da sociologia reflexiva de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Costa Vinícius Dino Fonseca de Castro e
Published: March 2019

O texto se trata de um exercício de análise do filme O Homem do Ano (Brasil, 2003), e de problemáticas relacionadas a este mesmo exercício (considerando as especificidades do filme enquanto objeto empírico), a partir do modelo teórico-analítico proposto por Pierre Bourdieu. Lançando-se mão dos conceitos e instrumentos fornecidos por esse modelo, busca-se em primeiro lugar uma objetivação descritiva e analítica da trajetória social da personagem principal do filme, seguindo-se uma problematização reflexiva dos procedimentos realizados pela objetivação, e por fim, uma interpretação do filme, entendido enquanto objeto estético e de significação.
Aproximações Sociológicas à Noção de Memória em “Cien años de soledad”
Authors: Trujillo Uribe Lucy Adriana
Published: March 2019

Partindo da ideia de que na novela Cien años de soledad de Gabriel García Marquez existe uma noção implícita sobre o funcionamento da memória, interessa-nos neste texto problematizar dita noção literária em relação às perspectivas sociológicas sobre memória e cultura que desenvolvem Norbert Elias, Roger Bartra e Günter Dux.
Zé Silva – uma fotobiografia
Authors: Oliveira Rogério
Published: March 2019

Zé Silva – uma fotobiografia
Manajemen Pelayanan Bagi Peserta Bpjs Kesehatan Di Rsud Syech Yusuf Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Nujannah Rahmah , Aksa Andi Nuraeni , Idris Muhammad
Published: March 2019

The research aim was to know the plan, application and supervision of serving for the health BPJS member in Syech Yusuf hospital in Gowa regency. The research kind was the descriptive qualitative. The Informan were 8 people. The data source was the primer data and secunder data. The data collecting technique used the observation, documentation and interview for instrument. The research result showed that still there were the patient who came and did not get the quick service, sometimes they have to be in line for hours if would like of the employs were often came late. The patient would like to get the good service but they got the otherwise.keywords: management, service, healthy BPJS  Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan dan Pengawasan pelayanan bagi peserta BPJS kesehatan di RSUD Syech Yusuf Kabupaten Gowa. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Informan berjumlah delapan orang. Data bersumber dari data primer dan data sekunder. Tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen berupa observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak pasien yang datang tidak mendapat pelayanan dengan cepat, kadang antri berjam-jam bila ingin berobat. Hal yang lain dapat kita lihat bahwa sebagian pegawainya sering datang terlambat. Pasien ingin mendapat pelayanan yang baik akan tetapi pelayanan yang didapatkan tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. kata kunci: manajemen, pelayanan,BPJS kesehatan
Penetapan Batas Hutan Produksi Terbatas (Hpt) Di Desa Turungan Baji Kecamatan Sinjai Barat
Authors: Rahmatullah Rahmatullah , Mappamiring Mappamiring , Abdi Abdi
Published: March 2019

The object of this research is to know the communication interlaced between the society of Turungan Baji village and the government of Sinjai regency-the environment and forestry department of Sinjai regency-within Border Determining of Production Forest Restricted in Turungan Baji village, sub-district west Sinjai. The method applied in this research is descriptive-qualitative approach. This research involves twelve informants. The technique of data collecting is observation, interview, and documentation which implemented directly by researcher. The result of this research demonstrates that Border Determining of Production Forest Restricted involves society in planning and pointing, but not all of them. An inhibitory factor in Border Determining of Production Forest Restricted is less of socialization of government toward the society of Turung Baji, whereas the supporting factor is to give society clarity about forest which has to be saved.  Key word: Border Determining of Production Forest Restricted   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komunikasi yang terjalin antara masyarakat Desa Turungan Baji dan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Sinjai dalam hal ini Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Kabupaten Sinjai dalam Penetapan Batas Hutan Produksi Terbatas (HPT) di Desa Turungan Baji Kecamatan Sinjai Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskripsi kualitatif. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 12 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi yang dilakukan secara langsung oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian mengenai Penetapan Batas Hutan Produksi Terbatas (HPT) di Desa Turungan Baji Kecamatan Sinjai Barat menunjukkaan bahwa proses Penetapan Batas Hutan Produksi Terbatas (HPT) melibatkan Masyarakat berpartisipasi dalam  perencanaan ataupun penunjukan, tetapi tidak keseluruhan masyarakat. Faktor Penghambat dalam Penetapan Batas Hutan Produksi Terbatas (HPT) Rendahnya sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh pihak pemerintah kepada masyarakat Desa Turungan Baji. Faktor pendukung dalam Penetapan Batas Hutan Produksi Terbatas (HPT) di Desa Turungan Baji Kecematan Sinjai Barat adalah dengan adanya tapal batas. Dengan adanya tapal batas hutan produksi terbatas (HPT) memberi kejelasan kepada masyarakat mengenai batas hutan yang bisa di kelolah ataupun dilindungi. Kata kunci: Penetapan Batas Hutan Produksi Terbatas (HPT)
PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN LAHAN PEMAKAMAN UMUM DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: A. Nukmawati A. Nukmawati , Mappamiring Mappamiring , Mone Ansyari
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study is to find out the government role towards the management of public cemetery land in Makassar. The type of the research is descriptive qualitative with phenomenological research type. The data were collected through interview, observation and documentation. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display and conclusion. The findings of the research indicate that the role of the government as the regulator (Environmental Service) of Makassar city in managing the public funeral is not optimal due to a number of obstacles in its implementation process. The role of the government as the facilitator land provider concept is that not only do they serve as public service institution but also in a democratic society they have a main role as facilities and infrastructures providers.Key word: Role, government, funeral land management.  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran pemerintah dalam pengelolaan lahan pemakaman umum di kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan tipe yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah fenomenologis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Reduksi data, Penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran pemerintah sebagai regulator (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup) kota Makassar dalam mengelola pemakaman umum masih belum maksimal sebab dalam proses pelaksanaanya masih memiliki banyak hambatan dan kendala. Peran pemerintah sebagai fasilitator konsep penyedia lahan tidak sekedar sebagai institusi pelayanan masyarakat tetapi dalam masyarakat yang demokrasi memiliki peran pokok yaitu penyedia fasilitas dan sarana prasarana.                                                                                                  Kata kunci:  Peran, Pemerintah, Pengelolaan lahan pemakaman.
PENGARUH SISTEM PENGUPAHAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI KERJA MUSIMAN DI PTPN X(PABRIK GULA CAMMING) KABUPATEN BONE
Authors: Mustafa Andi Arwin , Madani Muhlis , Mustari Nuryanti
Published: March 2019

The aims of this research is to determine the wage level about wage system and the effect of the wage system towards the performance of seasonal employees in PTPN X (Sugar Factory of Camming Bone). The research applied descriptive qualitative type. The population of this study involves all the seasonal workers of the grinding section which consist of 65 employees as the samples. The results of this study indicate that the wage system reaches 79.2% or it is in good category andthe employees performance reaches 83% or is in very good category. Later, based on the results of the hypothesis test, itindicates that there is a significant influence between the wage system and the performance of seasonal employees in PTPN X (Sugar Factory of Camming Bone). Keywords: wage system, employee performance