bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition of Cystoseira crinita Bory from the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Kamenarska  , Yalçın Funda , Ersöz Tayfun , Çaliş İhsan , Stefanov Kamen , Popov Simeon
Published: February 2015

The chemical composition of the brown alga Cystoseira crinita Bory from the Eastern Mediterranean was investigated. Fourteen sterols have been identified, five of them for the first time in algae. The structure of one new sterol was established. The origin of seven sterols with short side chains was discussed. In the volatile fraction 19 compounds and in the polar fraction 15 compounds were identified. The main lipid classes were isolated and their fatty acid composition was established.
Sugar Esters from Globularia orientalis
Authors: Çaliş İhsan , Kirmizibekmez Hasan , Tasdemir Deniz , Sticher Otto , Ireland Chris M.
Published: February 2015

From the methanolic extract of the underground parts of Globularia orientalis, a new antioxidant sugar ester was isolated. The structure of the new compound, globularitol (1), was identified as 6-O-feruloyl-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyl-(156)-glucitol by spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, ESI- and FAB-MS) and confirmed by chemical means.
Biosynthesis and Radical Scavenging Activity of Betalains during the Cultivation of Red Beet (Beta vulgaris) Hairy Root Cultures
Authors: Pavlov Atanas , Kovatcheva Petia , Georgiev Vasil , Koleva Irina , Ilieva Mladenka
Published: February 2015

Betalains biosynthesis and antiradical scavenging activity were investigated during cultivation of four hairy root cultures of Beta vulgaris, obtained from different cultivars (Bordo, Egyptian, Detroit 2 and Detroit Dark Red). The best producer of betalains was a hairy root culture from Beta vulgaris cv. Detroit Dark Red (13.27 mg/g dry weight total pigment production). The ethanol extract, derived from roots of the same culture grown for 15 days under submerged conditions, showed a high antiradical activity (83% of inhibition of the stable DPPH·).
Bioactivation of the Fungal Phytotoxin 2,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol by Glycolytic Enzymesisan Essential Component of itsMechanism of Action
Authors: Dayan Franck E. , Rimando Agnes M. , Tellez Mario R. , Scheffler Brian E. , Roy Thibaut , Abbas Hamed K. , Duke Stephen O.
Published: February 2015

An isolate of Fusarium solani, NRRL 18883, produces the natural phytotoxin 2,5-anhydro-ᴅ-glucitol (AhG). This fungal metabolite inhibited the growth of roots (I50 of 1.6 mᴍ), butit did nothave any in vitro inhibitory activity. The mechanism of action of AhG requires enzymatic phosphorylation by plant glycolytic kinases to yield AhG-1,6-bisphosphate (AhG-1,6- bisP), an inhibitor of Fru-1,6-bisP aldolase. AhG-1,6-bisP had an I50 value of 570 μᴍ on aldolase activity, and it competed with Fru-1,6-bisP for the catalytic site on the enzyme, with a Ki value of 103 μᴍ. The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon of Fru-1,6-bisP is required for the formation of an essential covalent bond to ζ amino functionality of lysine 225. The absence of this hydroxyl group on AhG-1,6-bisP prevents the normal catalytic function of aldolase. Nonetheless, modeling of the binding of AhG-1,6-bisP to the catalytic pocket shows that the inhibitor interacts with the amino acid residues of the binding site in a manner similar to that of Fru-1,6-bisP. The ability of F. solani to produce a fructose analog that is bioactivated by enzymes of the host plant in order to inhibit a major metabolic pathway illustrates the intricate biochemical processes involved in plant-pathogen interactions.
Microbial Transformation of a β- and γ-Eudesmols Mixture
Authors: Maatooq Galal T.
Published: February 2015

Beta- and gamma-eudesmols mixture was microbiologically transformed by Gibberella suabinetti ATCC 20193. Seven different eudesmanoidal metabolites (3-9) were isolated and their structures were elucidated by the different spectroscopic techniques. These metabolites are: eudesma-4-en-11-ol-3-one (carissone), eudesma-3-en-2β, 11-diol, eudesma-4-en-3β,11-diol, eudesma-4(15)-en-8,11-diol, eudesma-4(15)-en-2α,11-diol (pterocarpol), 1(3)cyclo-eudesma-4(15)-en-11,12-diol and eudesma-4-en-11,15-diol.
Aurones Interfere with Leishmania major Mitochondrial Fumarate Reductase
Authors: Kayser Oliver , Chen Ming , Kharazmi Arsalan , Kiderlen Albrecht F.
Published: February 2015

A series of aurones was analyzed for the ability to inhibit respiratory functions of mitochondria of Leishmania parasites. The aim of this study was to find a rational explanation for the activity of certain aurones and auronols as novel antiprotozoal compounds of plant origin. In a cell-free assay mitochondrial fumarate reductase from L. donovani was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. The most active compounds were 4′,6-dihydroxyaurone and 6-methoxyaurone which inhibited parasite enzyme activity at 25 nᴍ by over ninety percent.
Identification of Metallothionein in Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Mounaji Khadija , Erraiss Nour-Eddine , Wegnez Maurice
Published: February 2015

The characterization of metallothionein in the Urodele amphibian species Pleurodeles waltl was achieved. A simple and rapid method for identification of metallothionein, based on its strong affinity for cadmium (109Cd), was used. We were able to show that metallothionein is constitutively synthesized in liver, ovary and brain. The property of metallothionein to strongly bind essential (Zn, Cu) as well as toxic (Cd, Hg) metals is consistent with a dual role in cellular metabolism, i.e. homeostatis and detoxification of heavy metal ions.
Female Sex Pheromone of Cameraria ohridella Desch. and Dim. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): Structure Confirmation, Synthesis and Biological Activity of (8E,10Z)-8,10-tetradecadienal and Some Analogues
Authors: Francke Wittko , Franke Stephan , Bergmann Jan , Tolasch Till , Subchev Mitko , Mircheva Albena , Toshova Teodora , Svatoš Aleš , Kalinová Blanka , Kárpáti Zsoltan , Szöcs Gábor , Tóthd Miklos
Published: February 2015

Mass spectrometric investigations confirmed the structure of the female produced sex pheromone of the horse-chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Desch. and Dim. to be (8E,10Z)-8,10-tetradecadienal. Pure samples, prepared in a straightforward synthesis, were highly attractive in field tests and proved to be suitable for monitoring of flight activities and population dynamics. In mixtures with the synthetic pheromone, analogues like 9-tridecynal and 7-dodecynyl formate were shown to reduce trap catches. In electroantennographic experiments, pheromone analogues were less active than the pheromone. 9-Tridecynal was the most EAG active analogue tested, followed by 7-dodecyn-1-yl formate and 7-undecyn-1- yl formate.
Pentecostalism and Democracy in Nigeria
Authors: Burgess Richard
Published: February 2015

This article examines the political dimensions of Pentecostalism in Nigeria, beginning with the historical development of Pentecostal political engagement since independence in 1960. A common observation is that much of global Pentecostalism is apolitical, but an assessment of Nigerian Pentecostalism shows a diversity of political orientations in response to inter-religious competition, as well as changing socio-economic contexts and theological orientations. Herein, I focus on the “third democratic revolution” involving the struggle for sustainable democracy (the first two being the anti-colonial struggle that brought independence and the 1980s-1990s challenge to one-party and military rule). As well, I examine different political strategies employed by Nigerian Pentecostals and assess their impact on direct political behavior, civil society practices and political culture.
Modified-release hydrocortisone decreases BMI and HbA1c in patients with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Quinkler Marcus , Miodini Nilsen Roy , Zopf Kathrin , Ventz Manfred , Øksnes Marianne
Published: February 2015

Objective

Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) have impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which is thought to be in part due to unphysiological glucocorticoid replacement therapy. The aim was to compare once-daily hydrocortisone (HC) dual-release tablet (modified-release) with conventional HC therapy regarding clinical data and HRQoL.

Design and methods

We conducted an open, prospective trial at one endocrine center. There were 15 of 26 patients with primary AI, nine of 18 patients with secondary AI, and six congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients switched to modified-release HC therapy by their own decision. We evaluated clinical outcome and disease-specific HRQoL by using AddiQoL questionnaire at baseline and at follow-up (median 202 days (85–498)).

Results

Patients on modified-release HC (n=30) showed significant decreases in BMI (26.0±0.75–25.6±0.71, P for change=0.006) and HbA1c (6.04±0.29–5.86±0.28, P for change=0.005), whereas patients remaining on conventional HC (n=20) showed no change in these parameters (P for interaction=0.029 and 0.017 respectively). No significant change in AddiQoL score were found in the modified-release HC group (83.8 baseline and 84.9 at follow-up; P for change=0.629). In the conventional HC group, there was a significant decrease in scores (84.0 baseline and 80.9 at follow-up; P for change=0.016), with a between-treatment P for interaction of 0.066. The fatigue subscore of AddiQoL showed the same pattern with a significant decrease (P for change=0.024) in patients on conventional HC therapy (P for interaction=0.116).

Conclusions

Modified-release HC decreases BMI and HbA1c compared with conventional HC treatment. In addition, it seems to stabilize HRQoL over time.
The Krüppel-like factors in female reproductive system pathologies
Authors: Simmen Rosalia C M , Heard Melissa E , Simmen Angela M , Montales Maria Theresa M , Marji Meera , Scanlon Samantha , Pabona John Mark P
Published: February 2015

Female reproductive tract pathologies arise largely from dysregulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor signaling, leading to aberrant cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The signaling pathways orchestrated by these nuclear receptors are complex, require the participation of many nuclear proteins serving as key binding partners or targets, and involve a range of paracrine and autocrine regulatory circuits. The members of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors are ubiquitously expressed in reproductive tissues and have been increasingly implicated as critical co-regulators and integrators of steroid hormone actions. Herein, we explore the involvement of KLF family members in uterine pathology, describe their currently known molecular mechanisms, and discuss their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Sense of coherence modifies the effect of overtime work on mental health
Authors: Ohta Masanori , Higuchi Yoshiyuki , Yamato Hiroshi , Kumashiro Masaharu , Sugimura Hisamichi
Published: February 2015

Sense of coherence modifies the effect of overtime work on mental health: Masanori Ohta, et al. Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan

Objective

In the occupational health field, it is important to know how workload influences mental health. Overtime work and job strain appear to affect the mental health status of workers. Sense of coherence (SOC) may mediate the relationship between work stress and mental health. Since SOC represents a personal ability to manage psychological stressors, we hypothesized that a strong SOC would modify the adverse effect of an objective measure of overtime work on mental health.

Methods

A total of 1,558 Japanese workers employed in an information technology company were asked to complete a 3‐item SOC Questionnaire and 28‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) to assess mental health status. Workload was assessed by the actual amount of overtime work hours recorded by the company.

Results

Multiple regression analysis revealed a main effect of overtime work (β =0.08, p =0.0003) and SOC scores (β=0.41, p <0.0001) on GHQ scores. There was a tendency toward interaction between overtime work and SOC scores (β =0.05, p =0.051). Simple slope analysis supported this association (−1 SD below the mean, simple slope=0.04, SE=0.01, p <0.0001; +1 SD above the mean, simple slope=0.01, SE=0.01, p=0.188).

Conclusions

These results suggest that SOC buffers the mental health impacts of workload as measured by an objective index of overtime work, and should be considered when assessing the effects of workload on mental health.
Angiostrongylosis-related restrictive pneumopathy assessed by arterial blood gas analysis in a dog
Authors: Csöndes Judit , Majoros Gábor , Lajos Zoltán , Psáder Roland , Vajdovich Péter , Manczur Ferenc , Máthé Ákos
Published: February 2015

Pulmonary angiostrongylosis was diagnosed by the Baermann method and larval identification from faecal and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in a five-month- old male mongrel dog with dyspnoea and cough. Arterial blood gas analysis indicated arterial hypoxaemia and restrictive pneumopathy. In addition to the palliative treatment, fenbendazole was administered (50 mg/kg/24 h per os) for 14 days. The respiratory signs subsided within a short time clinically, but serial arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated an ongoing ventilation disorder. Repeated haematology, thoracic radiography, bronchoscopy and blood gas analysis were performed to follow the course of the disease. The most severe eosinophilia was detected after the beginning of the anthelmintic therapy, and the arterial pO2 level was permanently low. Arterial blood gas analysis provided the most adequate information about the course of the pneumopathy and it greatly facilitated the patient’s medical management.
Fetal heart rate and fetal heart rate variability in Lipizzaner broodmares
Authors: Baska-Vincze Boglárka , Baska Ferenc , Szenci Ottó
Published: February 2015

Monitoring fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) helps to understand and evaluate normal and pathological conditions in the foal. The aim of this study was to establish normal heart rate reference values for the ongoing equine pregnancy and to perform a heart rate variability (HRV) time-domain analysis in Lipizzaner mares. Seventeen middle- and late-term (days 121–333) pregnant Lipizzaner mares were examined using fetomaternal electrocardiography (ECG). The mean FHR (P = 0.004) and the standard deviation of FHR (P = 0.012) significantly decreased during the pregnancy. FHR ± SD values decreased from 115 ± 35 to 79 ± 9 bpm between months 5 and 11. Our data showed that HRV in the foal decreased as the pregnancy progressed, which is in contrast with the findings of earlier equine studies. The standard deviation of normal-normal intervals (SDNN) was higher (70 ± 25 to 166 ± 108 msec) than described previously. The root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) decreased from 105 ± 69 to 77 ± 37 msec between the 5th and 11th month of gestation. Using telemetric ECG equipment, we could detect equine fetal heartbeat on day 121 for the first time. In addition, the large differences observed in the HR values of four mare-fetus pairs in four consecutive months support the assumption that there might be ‘high-HR’ and ‘low-HR’ fetuses in horses. It can be concluded that the analysis of FHR and FHRV is a promising tool for the assessment of fetal well-being but the applicability of these parameters in the clinical setting and in studs requires further investigation.
Fertilisation rate obtained with frozen-thawed boar semen supplemented with rosmarinic acid using a single insemination timed according to vulvar skin temperature changes
Authors: Luño Victoria , Gil Lydia , Olaciregui Maite , Grandía Juan , Ansó Trinidad , De Blas Ignacio
Published: February 2015

Artificial insemination (AI) of sows with frozen-thawed semen usually results in lower pregnancy rates and litter sizes than the use of liquid preserved semen. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of vulvar skin temperature changes as a predictor of ovulation in sows and determined the fertility rates obtained after AI with frozen-thawed semen supplemented with rosmarinic acid (RA). Semen was collected from mature boars and cryopreserved in experimental extenders supplemented with or without 105 μM of RA. Multiparous sows were inseminated with a single dose of semen when vulvar skin temperature decreased to a value below 35 °C. Intrauterine insemination was performed using 1.5 × 109 spermatozoa. The sows were slaughtered 48 h after AI and the embryos and oocytes were recovered from the oviducts. Total and progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in RA-supplemented semen samples compared with the control. Fertilisation occurred in all sows inseminated in the study, although there were no significant differences between the experimental groups. Sows inseminated with RA-supplemented semen showed a slight increase in the number of embryos recovered as compared to sows inseminated with control semen. In conclusion, insemination according to vulvar skin temperature changes resulted in successful fertilisation in all sows, although supplementation of the freezing media with RA did not improve the fertilising ability of frozen-thawed boar sperm.
Effective Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicide Programs for Kochia Control
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Jha Prashant
Published: February 2015

Field experiments were conducted in 2011 through 2013 at the MSU Southern Agricultural Research Center near Huntley, MT, to evaluate the effectiveness of various PRE and POST herbicide programs for kochia control in the absence of a crop. PRE herbicides labeled for corn, grain sorghum, soybean, wheat/barley, and/or in chemical fallow were applied at recommended field-use rates. Acetochlor + atrazine,S-metolachlor + atrazine + mesotrione, and sulfentrazone applied PRE provided ≥91% control of kochia at 12 wk after treatment (WAT). Metribuzin, metribuzin + linuron, and pyroxasulfone + atrazine PRE provided 82% control at 12 WAT. PRE control with acetochlor + flumetsulam + clopyralid, pyroxasulfone alone, and saflufenacil + 2,4-D was ≤23% at 12 WAT. Paraquat + atrazine, paraquat + linuron, and paraquat + metribuzin controlled kochia ≥98% at 5 WAT. POST control with bromoxynil + fluroxypyr, paraquat, tembotrione + atrazine, and topramezone + atrazine treatments averaged 84% at 5 WAT, and did not differ from glyphosate. Control with POST-applied bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole, dicamba, diflufenzopyr + dicamba + 2,4-D, saflufenacil, saflufenacil + 2,4-D, saflufenacil + linuron was 67 to 78% at 5 WAT. Because of the presence of kochia resistant to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides at the test site, cloransulam-methyl was not a viable option for kochia control. In a separate greenhouse study, kochia accessions showed differential response to the POST herbicides (labeled for corn or soybean) tested. Tembotrione + atrazine, topramezone + atrazine, lactofen, or fomesafen effectively controlled the glyphosate-resistant kochia accession tested. Growers should utilize these effective PRE- or POST-applied herbicide premixes or tank mixtures (multiple modes of action) to control herbicide-resistant kochia accessions in the field. PRE herbicides with 8 wk of soil-residual activity on kochia would be acceptable if crop competition were present; however, a follow-up herbicide application may be needed to obtain season-long kochia control in the absence of crop competition.
Behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with non-bonded flexural reinforcement
Authors: Kotsovos Gerasimmos M. , Vougioukas Emmanuel , Kotsovos Michael D.
Published: February 2015

The work presented concerns an investigation of the effect of bond between concrete and longitudinal reinforcement on the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams, without transverse reinforcement, subjected to transverse loading combined with an axial force in selected cases. The results showed that the development of bond anywhere within the shear span inevitably leads to inclined cracking, which is the cause of ‘shear' failure. Similarly, eliminating bond throughout the beam's span was also found not to safeguard against premature failure. On the other hand, allowing the development of bond only within the shear-free region of the beam was found not only to prevent failure within the shear span, but also to allow the calculation of flexural capacity as for the case of beams with steel bonded to concrete throughout their span.
Shear strengthening of RC beams using ultra-high-strength fibre-reinforced concrete panels
Authors: Wang Jian , Morikawa Hidenori , Kawaguchi Tetsuo
Published: February 2015

This paper proposes a new shear strengthening method for reinforced concrete (RC) beams, in which ultra-high-strength fibre-reinforced concrete (UFC) panels are bonded to existing structural members, and studies the strengthening effects of the method. The experimental design and results showing the shear resisting capacity and bond-slip properties are presented. To apply the proposed strengthening method to existing RC structures, the size effect on the strengthening performance is also studied. In the experiments, two sizes of RC beams (one-quarter and half the depth of real bridge girders) are used. The proposed shear strengthening method achieves great strengthening effects on both sizes of beams and beneficial effects on shear strength and failure mode. In order to propose a proper design for the shear strengthening method, numerical methods are also used to estimate the shear force carried by UFC panels. The estimated shear force carried by the UFC panels agrees well with the experimental results.
Effect of Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids on Membrane Fouling During Short and long-term Operation of Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Estrada-Arriaga Edson Baltazar , Mijaylova Nacheva Petia , García-Sánchez Liliana
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS) concentrations on membrane fouling,in a submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) at short and longterm MBRoperation for waste water treatment. Three laboratory-scale in a submerged MBR system were operated under critical flux, subcritical flux,and an intermittent suction time and backwashing conditions. At short-term MBR operation with mixed liquors of 4,200 and 6,150 mg MLVSSL−1, the hydraulic resistance of membranes followed a same trajectory with averages of 5.0E+12m−1, whereas for 7,940 mg MLVSSL−1, a highresistance of up to 1.7E+13m−1was obtained. The result showed thathigh biomass concentrations decreased to permeability due to a bio-layer formed in the membrane surface and high Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS).
Necesidad de revisión de cargas y factores parciales de la NSR-10 para el diseño de estructuras sometidas a acciones de viento
Authors: Arroyo Amell Orlando Daniel , Ramos Castillo Lilibeth
Published: February 2015

Este artículo expone la necesidad de adelantar la revisión de los factores parciales, así como de los valores de velocidad de diseño para las cargas de viento provistos por la NSR-10. Empleando métodos de confiabilidad y la información disponible sobre la velocidad del viento en Colombia se demuestra que los diseños que se obtienen al emplear los factores parciales y el mapa de amenaza eólica prescritos por la NSR-10 carecen de uniformidad en su nivel de seguridad (índice de confiabilidad). También se prueba que no es posible determinar un factor parcial para la carga de viento que al ser usado junto con el mapa eólico de la normativa actual garantice uniformidad en la seguridad de las estructuras. Además de esto, se exponen argumentos técnicos y socieconómicos a favor de una revisión conjunta de las velocidades y factores parciales que considere las características eólicas y la realidad colombiana y que conduzca al reajuste de estos valores.
AVALIAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DA QUALIDADE DO ESPERMATOZOIDE HUMANO APÓS EXPOSIÇÃO IN VITRO AO HERBICIDA 2,4-D
Authors: Garbiatti de Oliveira Tamiris , Ribas Pereira Viviane , Sanches Rodrigues Fernanda
Published: February 2015

Nome (s) do Orientador (a) (s) Ana Paula Alves Favareto Patricia Alexandra Antunes   Instituição ou Empresa UNIVERSIDADE DO OESTE PAULISTA - UNOESTE   Instituição (s) de Fomento Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes)   E-mail de contato tamigarbiatti@gmail.com   Palavras-chave Agrotóxicos. Poluição. Espermatozoide humano.
ADAPTAÇÕES DOS PESCADORES ARTESANAIS AOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS SOBRE OS MANGUEZAIS DO ESTUÁRIO DA BAIXADA SANTISTA
Authors: Moreira Junior Wilson
Published: February 2015

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ALGUNS ASPECTOS DA CADEIA PRODUTIVA PESCADO ARTESANAL NA REGIÃO LINDEIRA AO ESTUÁRIO DA BAIXADA SANTISTA/SP
Authors: Moreira Junior Wilson
Published: February 2015

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TIPOLOGIA CIVIL: SUBSISTÊNCIA DOS CORTADORES DE CANA-DE-AÇUCAR EM BARRA DO BUGRES- MT
Authors: A. S.Marinho Adelino , Pobikrowska Tardivo Veruska , Barros Abelha Kabeya Renata
Published: February 2015

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SAÚDE E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: UM RELATO DE CASO NO MUNICIPIO DE TEODORO SAMPAIO, SP.
Authors: Sarti Jaqueline Adelânia , Dias Leonice Seolin , Silva Junior Jovelino José da
Published: February 2015

Este artigo apresenta o relato de experiência do trabalho desenvolvido entre universidade e poder público na área da saúde e da educação ambiental no município de Teodoro Sampaio. O objetivo do trabalho foi sensibilizar a comunidade escolar, em especial os alunos, acerca da importância dos cuidados com o meio ambiente para assegurar uma saúde pública mais saudável, evidenciando as correlações entre um (meio ambiente) e outro (saúde pública).  Nesta parceria, a universidade, pautada por pesquisas cientificas, desenvolveu na Semana do Meio Ambiente um trabalho de sensibilização dos alunos acerca das implicações decorrentes das ações antrópicas no meio ambiente. O trabalho privilegiou as ações antrópicas que promovem a proliferação de agentes patogênicos, assim como as implicações dessa proliferação no que diz respeito à ocorrência de doenças no homem. No ambiente escolar foram desenvolvidas as atividades em conjunto com os educadores de forma que os alunos pudessem ser protagonistas do processo educativo por meio de atividades que lhes permitissem relacionar conhecimentos de disciplinas e áreas distintas (biologia e geografia; saúde e educação ambiental), se situarem no seu contexto sócio-espacial e se expressarem artisticamente. Por fim avaliamos positivamente tal ação de sensibilização, a qual, integradas com outras, contribui com o processo de conscientização ambiental e mudança de atitudes.
TOXICIDADE AGUDA DO AGROTÓXICO FIPRONIL AO COPEPODA CYCLOPOIDA MESOCYCLOPS MERIDIANUS - TESTES PRELIMINARES
Authors: Santos Renata Martins dos , Moreira Raquel Aparecida , Rocha Odete
Published: February 2015

Embora os Copepoda de água doce geralmente possuam estreitas faixas de tolerância aos fatores ambientais e sejam particularmente sensíveis aos contaminantes contidos na coluna d’água, estes são raramente utilizados como organismos-teste em estudos ecotoxicológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade aguda do agrotóxico fipronil utilizando como organismo-teste a espécie de Copepoda de água doce, Mesocyclops meridianus. Os organismos foram coletados na Represa do Lobo (Broa), São Paulo, SP. Para o teste, a solução controle e as soluções-teste (0,156 mg.L-1, 0,312 mg.L-1, 0,625 mg.L-1 e 1,25 mg.L-1) foram realizadas com quatro repetições para cada uma. Foram colocados cinco indivíduos de M. meridianus em cada cavidade da placa de acrílico. Os recipientes-teste foram mantidos em incubadora a 24 ± 1 °C com fotoperíodo de 16 horas luz : 8 horas escuro durante o período de 48 h de exposição ao agrotóxico. A mortalidade observada após este período foi utilizada para a determinação da CL50. Para tal cálculo, utilizou-se o programa estatístico “Trimmed Spearman-Karber Method for Estimating Median Lethal Concentrations in Toxicity Biossays”. O fipronil foi considerado altamente tóxico para M. meridianus durante a exposição de 48 h e o valor da CL50 – 48h foi de 0,99 mg L-1. Analisando-se os resultados deste e de outros estudos observou-se que as espécies de Copepoda de água doce apresentam grande sensibilidade a diferentes agentes tóxicos. A espécie Mesocyclops meridianus apresentou alta sensibilidade ao agrotóxico fipronil e por ser de fácil manipulação laboratorial pode ser um organismo-teste em estudos futuros de ecotoxicologia.
CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL E RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS: COLETA E DISPOSIÇÃO FINAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE-SP
Authors: Takenaka Edilene Mayumi Murashita , Arana Alba Regina Azevedo , Albano Mayara Pissutti
Published: February 2015

O crescimento populacional e sua concentração nos centros urbanos trouxe, como consequência, a expansão das atividades ligadas à construção civil. Seja para atender a demanda por moradias, áreas de lazer, postos de atendimento à população ou mesmo para o comércio em crescente dinamismo, a construção civil tem ampliado sua participação na dinâmica da produção urbana e, consequentemente, a geração de resíduos oriunda dessa atividade, também. Entender a maneira como o município enfrenta a situação de geração de resíduos da construção civil, sua coleta e disposição final, apresenta-se como fator primordial a fim de contribuir para a elaboração de um adequado gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos da construção civil no município de Presidente Prudente-SP. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento de dados a partir da documentação direta e indireta, bem como a adoção da técnica da observação direta intensiva e entrevistas realizadas junto a órgãos públicos municipais.
DEGRADAÇÃO SOCIOAMBIENTAL DO CÓRREGO DA ONÇA, TRÊS LAGOAS/MS
Authors: França Jaqueline Santos , Santos Thiago Rocco dos , Gomes Weslen Manari
Published: February 2015

O presente relato tem por finalidade apresentar a degradação socioambiental da bacia do córrego da Onça, que corta a cidade de Três Lagoas - MS. O trabalho buscou mostrar a trágica realidade que vive o córrego no que diz respeito à degradação ambiental, e também, mostrar como a questão ambiental pode influenciar diretamente a sociedade e na reprodução, e produção do espaço a qual ela está inserida. Buscou-se trabalhar com os principais conceitos geográficos como espaço, paisagem, lugar e território de maneira à interrelacionar aspectos físicos e sociais proporcionados pelas mudanças na cidade devido ao forte processo de industrialização. Essas mudanças puderam ser evidenciadas no trabalho de campo.
OCORRÊNCIA DE HORMÔNIOS ESTROGÊNICOS NO AMBIENTE
Authors: Tenália Ana Beatriz Marchini , Matsumoto Tsunao , Manoel Letícia de Oliveira
Published: February 2015

Nome (s) do Orientador (a) (s) Prof. Dr. Tsunao Matsumoto   Instituição ou Empresa Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”- UNESP/FEIS   Instituição (s) de Fomento   E-mail de contato anabeatriz_mt@yahoo.com.br   Palavras-chave Disruptores endócrinos, Estrógenos. Efluentes.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS POTENCIAIS TOXICOLÓGICOS DA MISTURA ENTRE OS SOLVENTES METANOL E ACETONITRILA EM DAPHINIA SIMILIS E DAPHINIA MAGNA
Authors: Penatti Fábio Eduardo , Sesso Josélia , Fusato Felipe
Published: February 2015

Nome do orientador: Valdemar Luis Tornisielo   Instituição Universidade de São Paulo – Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Ecologia Aplicada E-mail do contato: f.penatti@usp.br   Palavras-chave Solventes orgânicos; Toxidade; Microcrustáceos
OCORRÊNCIA DE DÍPTEROS MUSCÓIDES (FANNIDAE) NO MUNICÍPIO DE TEODORO SAMPAIO, SÃO PAULO
Authors: Theotonio Giovanni Enrico , Dias Leonice Seolin
Published: February 2015

Nome (s) do Orientador (a) (s)   Instituição ou Empresa Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) de Presidente Prudente, SP   Instituição (s) de Fomento Biota/FAPESP   E-mail de contato giovannienrico@live.com   Palavras-chave Fanniidae. Bioindicadores. Morro do Diabo
BIODIVERSIDADE E CONHECIMENTOS TRADICIONAIS: PRESERVAÇÃO OU APROVEITAMENTO?
Authors: Nassaro Adilson Luís Franco
Published: February 2015

Biodiversidade e conhecimentos tradicionais são temas apresentados em conjunto quando relacionados à exploração das possibilidades dos recursos naturais, em avançado nível que as pesquisas científicas têm viabilizado, e também às preciosas informações sobre o manuseio desses mesmos recursos pelas comunidades tradicionais. Acompanham o dueto candentes questões quanto aos titulares dos benefícios supervenientes. Existem duas frentes no Brasil contemporâneo que defendem, respectivamente, as hipóteses de preservação e de aproveitamento do patrimônio genético no país; essa dualidade reflete um antagonismo em função da burocracia imposta por legislação restritiva à bioprospecção que busca impedir indevidas apropriações em defesa do potencial desenvolvimento do país, ao mesmo tempo em que também inibe o avanço das pesquisas de iniciativa nacional. Enquanto não se resolve o impasse estabelecido, outros fatores de impacto sobre o meio natural provocam extinção de espécies antes do seu idealizado aproveitamento.   Palavras-chave: Biodiversidade. Conhecimentos tradicionais. Bioprospecção.
GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA
Authors: Benini Sandra Medina
Published: February 2015

O presente artigo propõe uma análise de como o Estatuto da Cidade viabilizou a participação popular na tomada de decisão sobre matéria urbanística. A Constituição Federal de 1988 trata da Política Urbana nos artigos 182 e 183, sendo que a Lei Federal nº 10.257 de 2001, denominada Estatuto da Cidade regulamentou esta matéria da Carta Magna. Porém, a grande inovação desta Lei foi de assegurar a participação dos atores sociais na tomada de decisão sobre o espaço urbano. No Estatuto da Cidade foram definidas quais são as ferramentas que o Poder Público, especialmente o Município, deve utilizar para enfrentar os problemas de desigualdade social e territorial nas cidades, sendo que a efetivação desse diploma jurídico se dá através do Plano Diretor. Para o desenvolvimento metodológico deste trabalho, utilizou-se pesquisa qualitativa, através de uma bibliografia específica visando à compreensão de forma interdisciplinar de conceitos, conteúdos e parâmetros, frente a novas perspectivas socioeconômicas dos aglomerados urbanos.
O COLONO E O ÍNDIO NA OCUPAÇÃO DA NOVA ALTA PAULISTA
Authors: Joviano Carlos Vitório Martins
Published: February 2015

O processo de produção e ocupação do território da Nova Alta Paulista, teve como ponto de partida a análise do avanço das frentes de expansão representada por posseiros e proprietários, que avançaram em direção a oeste, praticando a agricultura de subsistência e posteriormente, pelas Companhias Colonizadoras e compradores de terras vindos das áreas antigas de plantação de café, que abriram espaço para a ocupação baseado numa ação conjunta formada por três aspectos violentos: a grilagem de terras devolutas com a falsificação de documentos em cartórios e sua posterior comercialização; o aniquilamento das populações indígenas que habitavam a região antes da chegada dos compradores de terras marcada por conflitos violentos entre a frente de expansão inicial e os grandes proprietários de terras (lícitas ou ilícitas) organizados em Companhias Colonizadoras impulsionadas pela grande quantidade de terras férteis que havia no espigão entre o rio do Peixe e o Aguapeí para comercialização e plantação da cultura de café entremeada com produtos de subsistência. Palavras-chave: Ocupação. Frentes de expansão. Violência.
Real-Time Process Assurance of Offshore Cementing Operations
Authors: Jose Sunil Jacob , Daulton Daniel J
Published: February 2015

Objectives/Scope:

In the high risk, highly technical and demanding environment of offshore oil and gas operations there are very few items more critical to the safe and effective execution of the overall program than well control and isolation. Regarding well isolation, multiple barriers require the cementing job plan and the corresponding procedures be conducted as proposed. In addition, the cement unit and supporting equipment need to be available and reliable during the job. Both are keys to the overall success of the cementing operation. With the realities of offshore cementing in mind, the industry wide challenge in finding appropriate talent in the respective regions further complicates the cementing service delivery. This type of situation requires a step change in the way cementing operations are currently done to drive the necessary process and quality assurance. Taking lessons learned from other industries with similar risk profiles, process and quality assurance can be achieved by providing: • A “second set of eyes” to drive the necessary process and quality assurance • Access to a trusted advisor that will back up remote resources during the critical junctures of the job By leveraging the latest in situational awareness and real-time technologies, offshore cementing will usher in a new age where the cementing specialist can access the knowledge and live assistance of experts across the world. This paper will discuss the approach and benefits of enabling real-time remote advisory services for remote cementing operations. Methods, Procedures, Process:Approach: • Provide real-time video and audio surveillance and collaboration to remote experts • Configure proposed cementing job procedures and synchronize it to relevant video feeds to enable remote expert response and process validation as required • Record and report against relevant data, real-time and post job analysis Results, Observations, Conclusions:Benefits: • Process Assurance - Validation and verification that key steps are being performed as planned • Operational Efficiency - Remote experts are available on-demand regardless of geographical location • Traceability - Record of operational activities to support compliance, knowledge transfer and process improvement • Reduced Project NPT - With technology leveraged surveillance to improve quality assurance Novel/Additive Information: n/a
Irrigation and Intercropping with Macadamia Increase Initial Arabica Coffee Yield and Profitability
Authors: Perdoná Marcos J. , Soratto Rogério P.
Published: February 2015

Although some regions of Brazil are considered suitable for Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cultivation under rainfed and full‐sun conditions, irrigation and afforestation, especially for species that generate an economic return, may be alternative methods for improving coffee crop performance, diversifying and maximizing income. However, it is unclear whether additive effects occur due to the joint use of these practices. Thus, an experiment was conducted over a 7‐yr period to evaluate the growth, yield, and profitability of Arabica coffee in monocropping and intercropping systems with macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) under rainfed and drip‐irrigation regimes in southeastern Brazil. Monocropped coffee plants were planted with a spacing of 3.5 by 0.7 m (4082 plants ha−1). In the intercropping systems, the macadamia trees were planted at a spacing of 10.5 by 4.9 m (194 plants ha−1) and the coffee plants at a spacing of 3.5 by 0.7 m (3887 plants ha−1). Intercropping with macadamia increased the coffee yield by 10% under rainfed conditions. Drip irrigation promoted greater growth and increased the coffee and macadamia yields by 60 and 133%, respectively. In the monocropped coffee under rainfed conditions, the first five harvest years were not sufficient to pay for the investments. Interestingly, both irrigation and intercropping increased the economic benefits. Furthermore, the irrigated coffee intercropped with macadamia resulted in the greatest profitability after the first five harvests. Thus, this system is an interesting alternative for increasing the sustainability of the Arabica coffee crop in the initial cropping years.
Optimization of Agricultural Field Workability Predictions for Improved Risk Management
Authors: Tomasek Bradley J. , Williams Martin M. , Davis Adam S.
Published: February 2015

Improved prediction of the days available for field work, or field working days (FWDs), is an important consideration for adapting farming systems to increased weather variability. We developed modeling approaches to estimate robust soil moisture thresholds for FWDs. We used simulated soil moisture to train the model on the same type of data that would be used for FWD forecasting (prediction). These new models were tested against previously suggested thresholds for field workability. Model 1 used historical field work and weather records from three crop research centers in a logistic regression model. A soil moisture threshold of 1.10 times the plastic limit (1.10PL) was identified. Model 2 identified statewide soil moisture and temperature thresholds by optimizing the root mean square error of the predicted number of weekly statewide FWDs across a 52‐yr data set. The resulting thresholds of either 0.88PL or 0.73FC (field capacity) and an average temperature requirement of at least 6°C yielded statistically smaller absolute errors for the state average FWDs and in eight of the nine crop reporting districts. The Model 2 thresholds also eliminated systematic overprediction present in previous thresholds. These results demonstrate that immutable theoretical thresholds for FWDs based on field‐measured soil moisture can be suboptimal for prediction at a larger spatial scale due to consistent bias.
Tillage and Cover Cropping Affect Crop Yields and Soil Carbon in the San Joaquin Valley, California
Authors: Mitchell Jeffrey P. , Shrestha Anil , Horwath William R. , Southard Randal J. , Madden Nicholaus , Veenstra Jessica , Munk Daniel S.
Published: February 2015

Rising costs and air quality regulations have created interest in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) in production systems that reduce tillage operations and soil disturbance. From 1999 to 2009, we evaluated conventional (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) systems for a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)/tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) rotation with (CC) and without (NO) cover crops in a Panoche clay loam soil (fine‐loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Haplocambid) in Five Points, CA, in terms of yield, soil C, and the NRCS soil conditioning index (SCI). The RT reduced tractor operations by 50% for tomato and 40% for cotton. Cover cropping produced 38.7 t ha−1 of biomass. Tomato yields were 9.5% higher in RT vs. CT systems and 5.7% higher in NO vs. CC systems. The CT cotton yields were 10.0% higher than RT yields and 4.8% higher in NO systems, but yield patterns were not consistent from 2005 to 2009. Soil C content was uniform (0–30‐cm depth) in 1999 (19.72 t ha−1) and increased in all systems in 2007 (t ha−1): RTCC 29.11, CTCC 26.36, RTNO, 24.09, and CTNO 22.65. Soil C content of RT and CT systems did not differ, but was greater in CC than in NO systems. In the 0‐ to 15‐cm depth, RT increased soil C, indicating stratification, and also increased C in the occluded light and mineral fractions. The SCI was positive for RT treatments, predicting a soil C increase, and negative for CT systems, predicting a soil C decline, but measured soil C content increased in all systems. Results show that RT maintains or increases yields relative to CT, and CC stores more soil C than NO.
Nondestructive Measurements of Cottonseed Nutritional Trait Diversity in the U.S. National Cotton Germplasm Collection
Authors: Hinze Lori L. , Horn Patrick J. , Kothari Neha , Dever Jane K. , Frelichowski James , Chapman Kent D. , Percy Richard G.
Published: February 2015

Recent studies have suggested that cottonseed (Gossypium spp.) has the potential to contribute to the effort against world hunger, particularly by providing a high‐quality protein source. This report analyzed the diversity in protein content and other seed quality factors in the U.S. National Cotton Germplasm Collection. Nine genomes (one tetraploid and eight diploid) and 33 species (five tetraploid and 28 diploid) were surveyed in this examination of 2256 accessions. A novel nondestructive nuclear magnetic resonance technique was applied to measure oil and protein content, seed indices were calculated, and these data were associated with molecular marker information. Oil content ranged from 8 to 27%, protein values ranged from 10 to 36%, and seed index was lowest at 1 g per 100 seeds and extended up to 18 g per 100 seeds. Most of the range in values for these traits resided within G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.; thus implying that variability for cottonseed quality can be introduced with relative ease in current breeding programs. The diploid genomes generally had extremely low values for oil, protein, and seed index. Molecular marker information indicated that chromosome 21 was likely associated with oil content. Understanding how these seed quality factors vary independently and in relation to each other will allow us to better select parents for breeding programs, and identifying associations with molecular markers may help us enhance progress through marker‐assisted selection approaches.
Adaptability and Stability Analysis for Selection of Elephantgrass Clones under Grazing
Authors: Viana Bruno L. , de Mello Alexandre C. L. , de A. Lira Mário , Guim Adriana , Dubeux José C. B. , dos Santos Mércia V. F. , da Cunha Márcio V.
Published: February 2015

Adaptability is the capacity of a genotype to respond favorably to changes in the environment, while stability is the capacity to have highly predictable performance in different environmental conditions. In this study, the stability and adaptability of eight Pennisetum spp. clones were assessed. Genotypes analyzed in this research included five dwarf elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) cultivars (Taiwan 2.27, Taiwan 2.37, Taiwan 2.114, Merker México 6.31, and Mott), two tall elephantgrass cultivars (IRI 381 and Elephant B), and one interspecific hybrid (HV 241) of elephantgrass and pearl millet [P. purpureum × P. glaucum (L.) R. Brown]. Adaptability and stability parameters were estimated for the following variables: herbage mass (HM), herbage accumulation rate (HAR), number of green leaves per tiller (NL/T), number of tillers (NT), and leaf/stem ratio. Interaction between clones and grazing periods occurred (P ≤ 0.05) for all variables. Herbage mass ranged from 2180 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 (Taiwan 2.37) to 3383 kg DM ha−1 (Mott), averaging 2796 kg DM ha−1. Except for HV 241, which displayed specific adaptability to a favorable environment in HM and NT, the clones displayed wide adaptability. Dwarf genotypes (Taiwan 2.27, Taiwan 2.114, and Mott) displayed greater (P ≤ 0.05) capacity of leaf production per tiller than the other entries. Mott and Taiwan 2.114 were selected for the next phase of the breeding program on the basis of stability, HAR, and NL/T.