bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enfrentando los riesgos del Cambio Climático desde la perspectiva de los ciudadanos: El caso del Delta del Ebro
Authors: Tejada-Tejada Macarena , Genua-Olmedo Ana , Alcaráz Carles , Fernández-Muñoz Juan José , Navarro Nuria , Rodríguez-Santalla Inmaculada
Published: September 2024

La vulnerabilidad social ante el cambio climático en el ámbito costero es un tema crucial. Los ciudadanos que viven en estas áreas son conocedores del medio y experimentan directamente los efectos del cambio climático. Escuchar sus opiniones y propuestas debería ser un requisito obligatorio en la puesta en marcha de políticas de gestión integral. La investigación se desarrolla en el Delta del Ebro y se ha aplicado una metodología de tipo mixto. El estudio se dirige a dos grupos principales: usuarios y expertos. Se utilizaron dos técnicas de trabajo: talleres participativos presenciales y cuestionario en línea. El conocimiento compartido ha permitido identificar las áreas de mayor vulnerabilidad en el Delta del Ebro; ambos grupos optan por acciones orientadas hacia la renaturalización, como la aportación de sedimentos aguas abajo de las presas para su distribución a lo largo del cauce hasta la desembocadura. Sin embargo, en otros aspectos, sus opiniones difieren.
SEATool: una toolbox de ArcGIS Pro para el análisis de evolución de líneas de costa
Authors: Gallego Jiménez Albert , Gomes da Silva Paula , Pellón de Pablo Erica
Published: September 2024

Debido a la importancia de disponer de métodos útiles y actualizados para analizar los cambios en la geomorfología de las costas, se presenta SEATool, una toolbox desarrollada para ArcGIS Pro que permite el análisis de la evolución de líneas de costa. La herramienta está compuesta por varios módulos que permiten generar de forma automática, desde la creación de los transectos en los que se basa el análisis, hasta el graficado de los resultados, pasando por el propio análisis basado en regresiones lineales. Incluido a la descripción de la herramienta se presenta un ejemplo de su aplicación a un sitio de estudio.
Riesgos en el litoral de Cataluña: Evaluación de los peligros de inundación, erosión y movimientos de ladera para la gestión costera
Authors: Pinyol Guamis Jordi , Carles Rosa , Micheo Fus , González Marta
Published: September 2024

El litoral catalán es un espacio que experimenta cambios geomorfológicos continuos, que sin tener en cuenta el sector turístico, concentra a la mitad de la población residente en Cataluña, y en el que se desarrolla gran parte de la actividad económica de la región. Estas características lo convierten en una franja altamente vulnerable expuesta a los peligros de la dinámica litoral y de ladera. Des de 2022, el Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC) desarrolla el proyecto Servicio de Información de la Dinámica Litoral (SIDL), que tiene como objetivo recoger, elaborar y poner a disposición de las administraciones, ciudadanía y empresas, la información geolocalizada y el conocimiento sobre la costa catalana, teniendo en cuenta la presente situación de emergencia climática, para hacer frente a las vulnerabilidades de la costa y asegurar su sostenibilidad. En esta contribución presentamos 5 conjuntos de información geomorfológica elaborada para el proyecto SIDL, centrados en los peligros de inundación, erosión y movimientos de ladera en el litoral catalán
Análisis preliminar de la cartografía geomorfológica de las superficies inundadas por temporales recientes en la franja litoral catalana
Authors: Carles Castells Maria Rosa , Micheo Jorcano Mª Jesús , Pinyol Guamis Jordi , González Díaz Marta
Published: September 2024

Ante la actual situación de emergencia climática a la que nos enfrentamos, donde se prevé una mayor frecuencia e intensidad de los temporales marítimos que pueden afectar el litoral mediterráneo se debe incrementar el conocimiento sobre el estado actual en que se encuentra. Para ello, es fundamental conocer los efectos que ocasiona la dinámica litoral sobre el territorio durante episodios de alta energía, como son los generados por los temporales marítimos. Con este objetivo desde el Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC, en adelante) se han realizado las cartografías geomorfológicas de las superficies inundadas generadas por los temporales de los que se dispone de imágenes inmediatamente después del temporal, y se han analizado sus efectos. En este artículo se presenta un primer análisis de este estudio tomando como referencia los efectos geomorfológicos desencadenados por la borrasca Gloria, por ser el temporal marítimo más importante y catastrófico de la última década. Este análisis aporta nuevos datos y conocimiento sobre cómo la dinámica litoral transforma la línea de costa en Cataluña, punto clave para que las administraciones puedan impulsar y ejecutar estrategias eficaces que mitiguen el impacto de los temporales, reduciendo sus efectos e incrementando la resiliencia del litoral.
Detección y caracterización de megacúspides a partir de líneas de costa derivadas de sensores remotos
Authors: Angelats Company Eduard , Angelini Ricardo , De Urmeneta Rubira Francisco , Ribas Prats Francesca
Published: September 2024

Las megacúspides, u ondulaciones periódicas de la línea de costa, son un fenómeno de gran interés científico y de importancia significativa para la gestión de las playas. El conocimiento de las megacúspides, a través de estaciones fijas de vídeo monitoreo, presenta limitaciones en términos de cobertura espacial y geográfica, limitándose a unos pocos kilómetros. El uso de líneas de costa derivadas de imágenes de satélite, como S2 o PlanetScope, como punto de partida para detectar automáticamente la presencia / ausencia de megacúspides y caracterizarlas en grandes áreas geográficas es muy atractivo. En este contexto, este trabajo presenta una metodología para detectar automáticamente segmentos arenosos con presencia de megacúspides usando líneas de costa de imágenes areas y satelitales mediante un análisis basado en wavelets, y caracterizarlas usando un algoritmo detector de picos. La metodología ha sido evaluada en un segmento de playa arenosa de 10 km situado al sur del Delta del Llobregat, permitiendo detectar y caracterizar megacúspides tanto a partir de líneas de costa derivadas de satélite como de ortofotos aéreas con resultados similares.
Estudio con sonar de barrido lateral de la base del acantilado del Morro de Toix (Calpe, Alicante)
Authors: Bonomo Davide , Ronda Juan Leandro , Benabdeloued Boualem Youcef Nassim , Tent-Manclús José Enrique , Salcedo-Justicia Estela Del Mar , Alcántara-Carrió Javier
Published: September 2024

El acantilado de Morro de Toix, situado al sur de Calpe, en la costa de Alicante, sureste de España, es un acantilado de 70 a 30 m de altura. La parte occidental es plana y la parte oriental del acantilado está muy karstificada y en extraplomo. Para estudiar el fondo del acantilado, se ha utilizado una plataforma USV (Unmmaned Surface Vessel). Ha sido adaptado para ser remolcado por un vehículo tripulado, una tabla de paddle surf. Este es un procedimiento fácil y rápido para aprovechar un periodo corto con excelentes condiciones de la mar, obteniendo buenos datos de sonar de barrido lateral, monohaz y bottomscan. A partir de los datos procesados se aprecia un lecho marino con grandes bloques cerca del acantilado y el acantilado submarino está excavado alrededor de 3-4 m en la parte plana occidental y excavado de manera irregular en la parte oriental con muchos entrantes y cuevas.
Análisis preliminar de la importancia de las características de las playas de Gran Canaria en el desarrollo urbanístico de su entorno
Authors: Suárez Pérez Carlos Avigdor , García Romero Leví , Sanromualdo Collado Abel , Peña Alonso Carolina , Hernández Calvento Luis
Published: September 2024

En contextos insulares, el proceso de litoralización es especialmente significativo debido a la limitación de recursos propios del lugar y la explotación del turismo de sol y playa que magnifica sus impactos. Por tanto, es urgente abordar el monitoreo de impactos costeros. Canarias (España) es un claro ejemplo donde el turismo de masas ha implicado fuertes transformaciones urbanísticas y ambientales en su franja litoral. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar el uso y el grado de ocupación urbano-turística que se ha dado en torno a las playas de Gran Canaria (islas Canarias, España) y su relación con las características geológicas, con el fin de discutir los factores socioambientales que han producido su transformación. Los resultados revelan que la condición física de las playas afecta al tipo de ocupación desarrollado, siendo el color y la textura sedimentaria, la anchura, y la longitud de las playas parámetros importantes en su desarrollo urbano-turístico. La contribución principal de este trabajo reside en conocer los aspectos de la naturaleza de las playas que facilitan un desarrollo urbano-turístico, implicando la modificación, por parte de los promotores, de los entornos que no cumplen con estas características.
Evolución de un sistema costero con alta presión antrópica: el caso de Sotogrande (San Roque, Cádiz)
Authors: Del Río Rodríguez Laura , Montes Pérez Juan , Benavente González Javier
Published: September 2024

En este trabajo se analizan los cambios recientes registrados en la playa de Sotogrande, situada en una flecha arenosa en la desembocadura del río Guadiaro, en el litoral mediterráneo de la provincia de Cádiz. A partir del estudio de fotografías aéreas (1956-2022) y de un seguimiento topográfico de campo (2015-2019) se ha cuantificado la fuerte tendencia erosiva de la playa, tanto a corto como a medio plazo. La zona natural de la flecha arenosa ha retrocedido en las últimas décadas a una tasa de hasta 3,6 m/año, y el impacto de los eventos de tormenta se prolonga en el tiempo, sin una recuperación clara del perfil de la playa. Esta tendencia es resultado de las diversas actuaciones antrópicas realizadas en el entorno, con la construcción del puerto de Sotogrande, la canalización de la orilla norte de la desembocadura y la urbanización de la trasplaya.
Influencia de la presión antrópica en una flecha arenosa de baja energía
Authors: Montes Pérez Juan , Del Río Rodríguez Laura , Benavente González Javier , Plomaritis Theocharis A.
Published: September 2024

El presente trabajo analiza la influencia de la presión antrópica en la evolución de la flecha de Palmones, situada en el interior de la Bahía de Algeciras. Para ello se han analizado los cambios a medio plazo a través de un estudio de fotografía aérea, y a corto plazo a través de un seguimiento topográfico consistente en la realización de perfiles y el seguimiento del pie de duna. Los resultados muestran cómo la evolución de la flecha está altamente condicionada por la presencia de estructuras antrópicas, entre las que destaca el Puerto Bahía de Algeciras, que ha generado un proceso de basculamiento de la flecha sobre la zona central, con erosión importante en la zona norte y acreción en la zona sur. Además, la erosión del sistema dunar proporciona sedimento al sistema, protegiendo la playa y evitando tasas de erosión aún mayores.
Morfología y arquitectura de una duna del Pleistoceno superior adosada al acantilado (Sa Fortelesa - Mallorca, Mediterraneo occidental).
Authors: Del valle Villalonga Laura , Perazzotti Federica , Fornós Astó Joan Josep
Published: September 2024

Se ha estudiado en detalle por primera vez una duna del Pleistoceno superior situada frente a un acantilado en el norte de Mallorca. Debido a su litificación temprana, su morfología está bien conservada. La duna se encuentra adosada a un acantilado costero curvo y casi vertical, pero por la forma de la base no puede clasificarse como una duna eco fija. La duna creció con el tiempo y su cresta se acercó gradualmente al frente del acantilado. En la etapa final de evolución la duna alcanzó una altura de al menos 21 m. La laminación dunar és la característica de las dunas trepadoras siendo de crítica a supercrítica registrando sus etapas de crecimiento. Las características morfológicas de la duna de frente de acantilado es el resultado de la pendiente del acantilado así como de la forma curva o recta del frente del mismo.
Puesta en marcha de bases Coastsnap para el monitoreo de la evolución de la línea de costa de la playa de Las Canteras (Gran Canaria).
Authors: Gomez Clemente Dario Nicolas , Sánchez García María José , Sanromualdo Collado Abel , González Villanueva Rita
Published: September 2024

La playa de Las Canteras (Gran Canaria) es el principal reclamo turístico y de esparcimiento de la ciudad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, por lo que tiene gran importancia socio-económica. Por ello, el balance sedimentario de la playa ha sido objeto de estudio constante en las últimas décadas, documentándose una tendencia a la acumulación de sedimento en el arco norte y erosiva hacia el sur. Este trabajo presenta la puesta en marcha de dos bases de monitorización de la línea de costa mediante ciencia ciudadana en la playa de Las Canteras. Dentro de la red de CoastSnap, se localizó una estación en el arco centro, enfocada en el estudio de afloramientos rocosos y la erosión costera; y una segunda estación en el arco sur, centrada en el alto dinamismo de esta zona. Así, se muestra en este trabajo el proceso seguido para la determinación de los lugares idóneos para la instalación de las bases CoastSnap.
Análisis preliminar de la edificación del litoral en Canarias (2022)
Authors: Medina Lorenzo Emilio , Ferrer-Valero Nicolás , Pérez-Chacón Espino Emma , Hernández-Calvento Luis
Published: September 2024

La ocupación edificatoria del litoral de Canarias, vinculada en buena medida a la actividad turística, deriva en efectos negativos en la biodiversidad, geodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos que tienen lugar en sus franjas costeras. El presente trabajo pretende cuantificar este proceso de litoralización tomando como referencias las zonas de influencia y de servidumbre pública del Dominio Público Marítimo Terrestre de manera diferenciada por cada una de las islas. Se ha comprobado como, en las islas capitalinas, el grado de edificación en el litoral es mayor con respecto a las islas periféricas. Se analiza la precisión de la fuente de información oficial proporcionada por el IGN para llevar a cabo este estudio.
Dinámica eólica en la interfaz playa-duna de un blowout
Authors: Delgado-Fernández Irene , O'Keeffe Nicholas
Published: September 2024

Las costas caracterizadas por la presencia de “blowouts” en la interfaz playa-duna pueden funcionar de manera diferente a aquellas con una altura constante de duna a lo largo de la costa. Los “trough blowouts” actúan como depresiones topográficas que interseccionan el sistema dunar y son vías de transporte altamente efectivas, facilitando el movimiento tierra adentro de sedimentos de la playa y la duna frontal. Esta dinámica es, sin embargo, poco conocida. Aunque existen estudios sobre la interacción entre el flujo eólico y la topografía, hay pocos experimentos que involucren la medición simultánea del viento y el movimiento de sedimentos dentro de los blowouts. La presente investigación ilustra la dinámica eólica en la interfaz de un sistema playa-duna afectado por la presencia de un “trough blowout”. El trabajo de campo consitió en la co-localizarion de anemómetros sónicos 3D y sensores de transporte en la costa de Sefton (NO de Inglaterra). Los resultados presentados aquí se centran en dos períodos de 5 minutos de dinámica eólica en detalle, en las zonas de playa trasera, duna delantera, y dentro de la garganta del blowout, donde el viento y el transporte mostraron una variabilidad espacial y temporal significativa. El viento aceleró cerca de la pendiente dunar a barlovento, pero desaceleró en las proximidades de la pared expuesta (a sotavento) del blowout. El transporte de sedimentos, medido en “counts per minute” y Parámetro de Actividad, mostró baja correlación con variables eólicas como TKE. De hecho, la intensidad del transporte siguió un patrón inverso a la velocidad del viento, con menor transporte cerca de la pendiente de barlovento y mayor transporte cerca de la zona norte a sotavento. La topografía ejerció un papel principal en la modificación del viento, particularmente en la garganta del blowout, donde incluso pequeños cambios direccionales de 10-20° llevaron a variaciones sustanciales en la intensidad del transporte. Los resultados proporcionan detalles sobre los complejos patrones espaciales y temporales de transporte de sedimentos de la playa hacia la duna en la presencia de un blowout.
Resistance of the Welded Joint of X70 Steel for Main Gas Pipelines Against Corrosion-Mechanical Cracking Under Cathodic Polarization in Near-Neutral pH Solutions
Authors: Nyrkova Lyudmila , Goncharenko Larysa , Lisovskiy Yuriy , Faynberg Leonid , Kostin Valeriy
Published: September 2024

Resistance of welded joint of X70 steel welded using Sv-08G1NMA and OK 10-74 flux wire against stress-corrosion cracking in near-neutral pH solution NS4 was investigated by the slow-strain rate method, voltammetry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrolytic permeation of hydrogen method. It was established that the stress-corrosion cracking of welded joint occurs through the base metal in the range of potentials more positive than −0.92 V by the anodic dissolution mechanism, more negative than −1.05 V is consistent with a hydrogen embrittlement mechanism, and in the potentials’ range from −0.92 V to −1.05 V, both by anodic dissolution and a hydrogen embrittlement mechanism. The susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking coefficient KS increases with the polarization potential shift −0.75 V → −0.95 V → −1.05 V as follows: for the welded joint as 1.1 → 1.16 → 1.35, for X70 steel as 1.0 → 1.12 → 1.0.
The Wisdom of Sirach
Authors: Wilson Walter T.
Published: September 2024

A deuterocanonical collection of proverbs from the intertestamental period, the Book of Sirach has been treated by many Protestants as a bit of Catholic trivia. Yet careful study of Sirach reveals fascinating insights into Jewish thought two centuries before Jesus. Walter T. Wilson invites scholars and nonspecialists alike to discover the wisdom of this important yet under-studied text.

A temple scribe writing in the second century BCE, Ben Sira aimed to instill fear of the Lord and discipline in his community. Interweaving practical advice and theoretical wisdom, his book instructs readers—then and now—in the principles of wisdom so that they may apply them to right action and lead the good life.

Based on the New Revised Standard Version, Wilson’s commentary explicates the translated English text with careful attention to its historical and religious contexts, formal qualities, prevailing themes, and place in the canon (or lack thereof). The volume includes a helpful bibliography and notes.
The Gospel of John
Authors: Bruner Frederick Dale
Published: September 2024

Ridderbos’s commentary reflects balanced scholarship that endeavors to come to grips with what John was trying to say in his portrayal of Jesus. … A splendid example of theological analysis without postulatingredactional layers and a significant addition to works on John.
The Letter to the Hebrews
Authors: Grindheim Sigurd
Published: September 2024

A compelling exhortation to hold true to the faith in the face of adversity. A sermon full of iconic imagery and Old Testament allusions. A signal work of theology in the New Testament.

Above all, the Letter to the Hebrews proclaims the high priesthood of Jesus Christ. Yet readers may find this central theme difficult to discern, given the epistle’s complexity and long history of interpretation. In this Pillar commentary, Sigurd Grindheim richly illuminates the Letter to the Hebrews, explaining difficult texts, offering a coherent reading, and paying careful attention to linguistic features and historical context—all while focusing on its relevance to modern readers.

Grindheim clearly and comprehensively addresses major issues, including authorship, date, canonicity, formal qualities, and important themes. Following his thorough introduction, he explains each line of the text and its significance for believers today. Grindheim’s commentary offers pastors, students, and scholars the clarity and fresh insights they want in their scriptural study.
The Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon, and to the Ephesians
Authors: Bruce F. F.
Published: September 2024

“. . . undertaken to provide earnest students of the New Testament with an exposition that is thorough and abreast of modern scholarship and at the same time loyal to the Scriptures as the infallible Word of God.” This statement reflects the underlying purpose of The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Begun in the late 1940s by an international team of New Testament scholars, the NICNT series has become recognized by pastors, students, and scholars alike as a critical yet orthodox commentary marked by solid biblical scholarship within the evangelical Protestant tradition.

While based on a thorough study of the Greek text, the commentary introductions and expositions contain a minimum of Greek references. The NICNT authors evaluate significant textual problems and take into account the most important exegetical literature. More technical aspects — such as grammatical, textual, and historical problems — are dealt with in footnotes, special notes, and appendixes.

Under the general editorship of three outstanding New Testament scholars — first Ned Stonehouse (Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia), then F. F. Bruce (University of Manchester, England), and now Gordon D. Fee (Regent College, Vancouver, British Columbia) — the NICNT series has continued to develop over the years. In order to keep the commentary “new” and conversant with contemporary scholarship, the NICNT volumes have been — and will be — revised or replaced as necessary.

The newer NICNT volumes in particular take into account the role of recent rhetorical and sociological inquiry in elucidating the meaning of the text, and they also exhibit concern for the theology and application of the text. As the NICNT series is ever brought up to date, it will continue to find ongoing usefulness as an established guide to the New Testament text.
The Letter to the Romans
Authors: Bruner Frederick Dale
Published: September 2024

In the wake of his widely appreciated commentaries on the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of John, noted theologian and exegete Frederick Dale Bruner turns his attention to Paul’s letter to the Romans. In this concise commentary, he relays his findings on what he calls the “Fifth Gospel” and its central claim that “through the Father’s love, Jesus’s passion, and the Spirit’s application of this passionate love, human beings can have a perfectly right relationship with God—by simple faith in His Christ.”

As he did in his commentaries on Matthew and John, Bruner engages historical interpreters from the patristic period to the present—including Augustine, Chrysostom, Aquinas, Luther, and Calvin—while also offering his own lucid translation of the text and relevant pastoral applications. The result is a holistic understanding of the book of Romans informed not only by one scholar’s lifetime of ministry, teaching, and learning, but also by the full depth and breadth of church tradition.
Gender-Dependent Cholinergic System Alterations in a Phenylketonuria Model
Authors: Cicek Cigdem , Gok Muslum , Bodur Ebru
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. The absence of this enzyme leads to elevated levels of phenylalanine in the blood, causing accumulation in the brain and resulting in permanent brain damage. To investigate the neurological effects of PKU, an experimental PKU model was developed, and cholinergic parameters were analyzed in brain tissue and serum from both female and male rats. Serum AChE, BChE, and total ChE activities were examined, while AChE activity was specifically analyzed in hippocampal tissue. Material and Methods: Brain tissue and serum samples were collected from female and male rats from an induced phenylketonuria model for analysis. AChE, BChE, and total ChE activities were measured in serum samples, while AChE activity was examined in hippocampal tissue. Enzyme activities were measured according to Ellman assay. The data analysis and graphical presentations were done by GraphPad prism. Results: Hippocampal AChE activity was significantly increased in both PKU groups compared to the control groups (Male ***p=0.0001; female *p=0.046). Serum analysis revealed decreased total serum cholinergic activity in both the female and male PKU groups compared with the control groups (**p≤0.002 and ***p≤0.0003, respectively). These results were consistent with findings from total serum cholinergic activity analysis. Additionally, the AChE activity in both the female and male PKU groups was decreased compared to their respective control groups (***p≤0.002 and ***p≤0.0006, respectively). It was also found that BChE activity in the serum of male rats in the PKU group was decreased compared to male rats in the control group (*p=0.038). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the cholinergic system in the phenylketonuria model may vary according to gender. The observed changes in both brain tissue and serum provide new insights into the gender-dependent neurological effects of PKU. Keywords: Phenylketonuria, cholinergic system, enzyme activity, hippocampal tissue, gender differences
Un proyecto de organización del poder judicial
Authors: Lara Velado Roberto
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 41, No. 447-448, 1986: 33-36.
La Iglesia y la solución del conflicto salvadoreño
Authors: Sobrino Jon
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 41, No. 447-448, 1986: 76-89.
Rectificación de Americas Watch
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 41, No. 447-448, 1986: 104.
Enero-febrero
Authors: Ernesto Cruz Alfaro
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 41, No. 447-448, 1986: 105-117.
PENENTUAN PENERIMA BANTUAN PKH MENGGUNAKAN METODE RANK ORDER CENTROID DENGAN KOMBINASI MULTI ATTRIBUTE UTILITY THEORY
Authors: Hayat Aenul , Zaen Mohammad Taufan Asri , Mardi Mardi
Published: September 2024

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is an Indonesian government social protection initiative that aims to improve the welfare of poor and vulnerable families through financial assistance that supports basic needs such as education and health. However, the selection process for PKH beneficiaries in Pengembur Village, Pujut District, Central Lombok Regency still uses manual methods, which often result in the distribution of aid not being on target.  The ROC method is used to determine the weight of relevant criteria in the assessment, while MAUT is applied to provide utility scores for alternative recipients based on predetermined criteria. This study involved data collection through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, The results of the study indicate that the MAUT method supported by ROC weighting can provide a more objective and accurate assessment compared to conventional methods. From the analysis, the best alternative PKH recipient is A1 with a utility value of 0.28112. This study concludes that the application of MAUT and ROC methods in a decision support system can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the PKH program, as well as ensure that assistance is distributed to families who really need it.
Pharmacy benefit managers and drug affordability policy proposals for enhancing access in underserved communities
Authors: Victor Alemede  , Ejike Innocent Nwankwo  , Geneva Tamunobarafiri Igwama  , Janet Aderonke Olaboye  , Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu
Published: September 2024

Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) play a pivotal role in the pharmaceutical supply chain, yet their practices have increasingly contributed to the rising costs of prescription drugs and limited access to essential medications, particularly in underserved communities. This paper critically examines the role of PBMs, highlighting their challenges to drug affordability and accessibility. It explores the limitations of existing policies and proposes comprehensive reforms to enhance transparency, accountability, and fairness in PBM operations. The proposed policy interventions include mandatory transparency in PBM rebates and formularies, regulations on rebate retention, and fair reimbursement rates for pharmacies. Additionally, broader strategies such as government regulation of drug prices, expanded subsidies for low-income populations, and value-based contracts are discussed as potential solutions. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, healthcare providers, and PBMs, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to ensure the successful implementation of these reforms. Addressing the issues posed by current PBM practices, these policy proposals aim to significantly improve drug affordability and access in underserved communities, ultimately contributing to a more equitable healthcare system.
Keywords: Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs), Drug Affordability, Healthcare Access, Underserved Communities, Policy Reform, Pharmaceutical Supply Chain.
A financial inclusion model for Nigeria: Standardizing advisory services to reach the unbanked
Authors: Mobolaji Olalekan Komolafe  , Edith Ebele Agu  , Onyinye Gift Ejike  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim  , Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke
Published: September 2024

Financial inclusion remains a significant challenge in Nigeria, where a large segment of the population, particularly in rural areas, lacks access to formal financial services. This review proposes a standardized advisory services model designed to bridge the gap between financial institutions and the unbanked. The model aims to address key barriers, including low financial literacy, lack of trust in financial systems, and limited access to technology and infrastructure. By integrating financial literacy programs, digital advisory platforms, and community-driven partnerships, the model offers a comprehensive solution to expand financial inclusion in Nigeria. The review explores the demographic characteristics of Nigeria’s unbanked population and the underlying reasons for their exclusion from the formal financial system. It highlights the role of standardized advisory services in building trust and providing accessible financial education, savings, and credit opportunities. Drawing from global examples such as Kenya’s M-Pesa and India’s Jan Dhan Yojana, the model incorporates best practices for outreach and engagement. A critical component of the model is its reliance on digital and mobile technology to deliver services to underserved communities. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of a strong regulatory framework, with the Central Bank of Nigeria playing a key role in monitoring and enforcing standards. The model also outlines challenges to implementation, including cultural resistance, technological infrastructure gaps, and sustainability concerns. By promoting financial inclusion, this advisory services model is expected to foster economic empowerment, poverty reduction, and overall economic growth in Nigeria. The review concludes with policy recommendations, urging collaboration between public and private sectors to ensure the scalability and success of the model across diverse regions.
Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Advisory Services, Nigeria, Review.
Automated compound speciation, cluster analysis, and quantification of organic vapors and aerosols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: He Xiao , Zheng Xuan , Guo Shuwen , Zeng Lewei , Chen Ting , Yang Bohan , Xiao Shupei , Wang Qiongqiong , Li Zhiyuan , You Yan , Zhang Shaojun , Wu Ye
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The advancement of analytical techniques, such as comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS), enables the efficient separation of complex organics. Developing innovative methods for data processing and analysis is crucial to unlock the full potential of GC×GC–MS in understanding intricate chemical mixtures. In this study, we proposed an innovative method for the semi-automated identification and quantification of complex organic mixtures using GC×GC–MS. The method was formulated based on self-constructed mass spectrum patterns and the traversal algorithms and was applied to organic vapor and aerosol samples collected from the tailpipe emissions of heavy-duty diesel vehicles and the ambient atmosphere. Thousands of compounds were filtered, speciated, and clustered into 26 categories, including aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic oxygenated species, phenols and alkylphenols, and heteroatom-containing species. The identified species accounted for over 80 % of all the eluted chromatographic peaks at the molecular level. A comprehensive analysis of quantification uncertainty was undertaken. Using representative compounds, quantification uncertainties were found to be less than 37.67 %, 22.54 %, and 12.74 % for alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and alkyl-substituted benzenes, respectively, across the GC×GC space, excluding the first and the last time intervals. From a source apportionment perspective, adamantane was clearly isolated as a potential tracer for heavy-duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) emissions. The systematic distribution of nitrogen-containing compounds in oxidized and reduced valences was discussed, and many of them served as critical tracers for secondary nitrate formation processes. The results highlighted the benefits of developing self-constructed models for the enhanced peak identification, automated cluster analysis, robust uncertainty estimation, and source apportionment and achieving the full potential of GC×GC–MS in atmospheric chemistry.
Multifaceted orogenic fluid dynamics unraveled by hydrothermal epidote
Authors: Peverelli Veronica , Berger Alfons , Wille Martin , Pettke Thomas , Putlitz Benita , Mulch Andreas , Gnos Edwin , Herwegh Marco
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Characterizing fluid circulation in orogens is key to understanding orogenic processes because fluid–rock interaction modifies the physical properties of rocks, hence their response to deformation and, for example, their suitability for radioactive waste storage. Fluid circulation can be dated by applying geochronological methods to fluid-precipitated minerals. Fluid sources and associated pathways can be traced using isotope data measured in the same or in other cogenetic minerals. We applied this concept to the Aar Massif (central Swiss Alps), which was part of the former European passive continental margin that was deformed and exhumed during the (Cenozoic) Alpine orogeny. Newly collected epidote from veins and from one cleft at several localities in meta-granitoids in the Aar Massif yielded U–Pb ages ranging from 27.7 ± 3.4 to 12.4 ± 1.9 Ma, which complement previously published geochronological data revealing Permian (278 ± 29, 251 ± 50, and 275 ± 18 Ma) and Miocene (19.2 ± 4.3 and 16.9 ± 3.7 Ma) epidote veins. We used Pb–Sr–O–H isotope geochemistry of epidote to evaluate fluid sources and pathways during Permian rifting and the Miocene compressional phases of Alpine orogeny. Strontium isotope data of Permian epidote are consistent with previous work suggesting meteoric water infiltration along syn-rift faults and through syn-rift sediments. A more-complex structural framework existed in the Miocene, when a sedimentary lid covered the Aar Massif. Strontium, O, and H isotope data of Miocene epidote-forming fluids indicate (1) meteoric water, mixing with (2) fluids derived from sedimentary units being compacted during orogenesis and/or (3) metamorphic water. All three fluid endmembers may have been circulating and mixing in the Aar Massif during Miocene deformation. Strontium isotope data further indicate that Miocene fluids contributed to imprinting a highly radiogenic Sr isotope composition onto Alpine shear zones or that the fluids inherited a highly radiogenic Sr isotope component by dissolving the Rb-rich, high 87Sr / 86Sr biotite therein. Both possibilities can coexist, and they imply that external fluids could modify the chemical composition of the post-Variscan granitoids hosting the studied epidote veins by fluid–rock interaction processes during deformation. Lead, Sr, and H isotopic differences among Miocene samples further suggest complexity of large-scale fluid circulation. Our work supports the fact that the reconstruction of multifaceted and multi-stage fluid circulation in highly deformed rocks benefits from extracting geochronological and isotope data from the same mineral.
High-resolution numerical modelling of seasonal volume, freshwater, and heat transport along the Indian coast
Authors: Madkaiker Kunal , Rao Ambarukhana D. , Joseph Sudheer
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Seasonal reversal of winds and equatorial remote forcing influences the circulation of the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) basins in the northern Indian Ocean. In this study, we numerically modelled the physical characteristics of the AS and BoB, using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) at a high spatial resolution of 1/20° forced with climatological initial and boundary conditions. The simulated temperature, salinity, and flow fields were validated with satellite and in situ datasets. We then studied the exchange of coastal waters by evaluating transports computed from the model simulations. The alongshore volume transport on the eastern coast is stronger with high seasonal variability due to the poleward-flowing western boundary current and equatorward-flowing East Indian Coastal Current. West coast transport is influenced by large intraseasonal oscillations. The alongshore freshwater transport is an order less than the alongshore volume transport. Out of the net volume transport, freshwater accounts for a maximum of 6.03 % during the southwestern monsoon season, followed by 4.85 % in the post-monsoon season. We observe an inverse relationship between alongshore freshwater and volume transport on the western coast and a direct relationship on the eastern coast. The contribution of eddy-induced heat and freshwater transport was also examined. The relation between net heat transport and net heat flux illustrates the role of coastal currents and equatorial forcing in dissipating heat within the coastal waters. We observed that meridional heat transport over the AS is stronger than over the BoB. Both basins act as a heat source during the summer monsoon and heat sink during the winter. This high-resolution model setup simulates all the important physical climatological patterns, leading to a better understanding of the state of the northern Indian Ocean.
The influence of present-day regional surface mass balance uncertainties on the future evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Wirths Christian , Stocker Thomas F. , Sutter Johannes C. R.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Rising global sea levels are one of many impacts associated with current anthropogenic global warming. The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) has the potential to contribute several meters of sea level rise over the next few centuries. To predict future sea level rise contributions from ice sheets, both global and regional climate model (RCM) outputs are used as forcing in ice sheet model simulations. While the impact of different global models on future projections is well-studied, the effect of different regional models on the evolution of the AIS is mostly unknown. In our study, we present the impact of the choice of present-day reference RCM forcing on the evolution of the AIS. We used the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) to study the AIS in a quasi-equilibrium state and under future projections, combining present-day RCM output with global climate model projections. Our study suggests differences in projected Antarctic sea level contributions due to the choice of different present-day surface mass balance (SMB) and temperature baseline forcings of 10.6 mm in the year 2100 and 70.0 mm in 2300 under the RCP8.5 scenario. Those uncertainties are an order of magnitude smaller than what is estimated from uncertainties related to ice sheet and climate models. However, we observe an increase in RCM-induced uncertainties over time and for higher-emission scenarios. Additionally, our study shows that the complex relationship between the selected RCM baseline climatology and its impact on future sea level rise is closely related to the stability of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), particularly the dynamic response of Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers. On millennial timescale, the choice of the RCM reference leads to ice volume differences up to 2.3 m and can result in the long-term collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
La subversión del imaginario colectivo en la representación de la mujer: sustancia, desgaste y prejuicio como sesgo en el cine femenino de temática deportiva
Authors: Álvaro Manzano Jorge
Published: September 2024

El cine, como forma de expresión artística, desempeña un papel fundamental en la construcción del imaginario colectivo de una sociedad. El cine tiene el poder de influir en nuestras percepciones, creencias y valores, moldeando nuestra visión del mundo. El cine ha estado dominado por una mirada masculina que ha definido y representado a las mujeres de acuerdo con sus propias concepciones y deseos. En las últimas décadas ha surgido una nueva ola de cineastas mujeres que desafían y subvierten esa mirada masculina dominante. Estas cineastas están reclamando su lugar en la industria cinematográfica y contando historias desde una perspectiva femenina auténtica. Estas cineastas exploran temas como el deseo, el cuerpo, la sexualidad y la identidad de género, rompiendo con los tabúes y los límites impuestos por la mirada masculina. El cine hecho por mujeres también nos permite ver el deporte a través de una lente diferente. Sus películas no se centran únicamente en el rendimiento atlético, sino también en las historias humanas detrás de los logros deportivos. En este sentido, las cineastas feministas están desafiando y subvirtiendo el imaginario colectivo arraigado en una representación masculina del deporte.
Jornalismo para a Paz
Authors: Dos Santos Feltrin Diuan
Published: September 2024

Por meio da perspectiva teórica dos Estudos para a Paz (Peace Studies), este estudo analisa como o Jornalismo para a Paz (Peace Journalism) se enquadra como possibilidade teórica e metodológica na análise de narrativas jornalísticas em contextos de violência de ordem social, constituindo-se como alternativa diante das formas tradicionais de construções jornalísticas. Apresenta fundamentações teóricas sobre a multidisciplinaridade do campo dos Estudos para a Paz, que contempla a comunicação e o jornalismo. Empiricamente, apresenta análises de conteúdo de coberturas do Portal G1 sobre homofobia nos meses de maio e junho de 2023, para verificar se prevalecem abordagens voltadas à paz ou à violência. Infere-se que esta abordagem viabiliza a leitura crítica dessas narrativas e propõe novos caminhos para as construções jornalísticas.
Desinformação e democracia sob ataque na radiodifusão
Authors: Paganotti Ivan
Published: September 2024

Esta pesquisa avalia como o Ministério Público Federal de São Paulo fundamenta, explica e difunde sua ação demandando o cancelamento da outorga de radiodifusão da Jovem Pan, após publicações questionarem as eleições de 2022, apoiando ataques em Brasília em 2023. O efeito comunicacional, legal e pedagógico da ação é avaliado por meio da metodologia de análise de “judicialização midiática” (Paganotti, 2021), compreendendo como a medida insere-se em tradição de sanções contra a rádio e outros difusores de desinformação. O artigo identifica pontos da cobertura da Jovem Pan destacados na ação, avaliando como a comunicação do MPF-SP apresentou seu pedido, por meio de notícia publicada pela assessoria de imprensa no portal do órgão público. A reação da Jovem Pan, criticando a medida como um ataque censório, também indica como o caso pode ser paradigmático na definição de jurisprudência sobre a liberdade de imprensa.
Conhecimentos tácitos nos processos de produção jornalística
Authors: Moser Magali
Published: September 2024

Este artigo reflete sobre os conhecimentos tácitos, internalizados e procedentes do aprendizado da experiência, utilizados nos processos de produção jornalística. Tais conhecimentos, embora muitas vezes reduzidos a percepções subjetivas e simplificadas nos discursos profissionais como “faro jornalístico” ou “fazeres naturais”, revelam-se como parte de um método profissional institucionalizado historicamente. Explicitar os processos em torno da reportagem como método se faz relevante à medida que o grupo profissional é conhecido pela internalização de suas competências e dificuldade de explicar os próprios fazeres. O referencial teórico parte da concepção do jornalismo como forma social de conhecimento.
Paradigma como chave teórica para entender o jornalismo em mutação
Authors: Maduell Vieira Itala
Published: September 2024

O artigo apresenta a proposta de paradigma jornalístico como chave conceitual de interpretação de um sistema de crenças e valores da comunidade jornalística, que passa por profunda transformação. Parte-se da aproximação metodológica proposta por Giorgio Agamben, cuja função é a de constituir e tornar legível um fenômeno histórico a partir da sua própria singularidade. Defende-se que o conceito de paradigma pode contribuir para a compreensão das atuais relações de força na comunidade de jornalistas, na medida em que as novas gerações já não se identificam com os atributos que seus antecessores tentam preservar, reconfigurando identidades, crenças, práticas profissionais.
Reflexões sobre a imagem jornalística como conhecimento mediado pelo efeito de sentido de verdade
Authors: Rigoni Filho Júlio César
Published: September 2024

Em tempos de desinformação, reflete-se sobre os impactos das imagens mediante as relações entre o conhecimento jornalístico e os efeitos de sentido de verdade. As discussões iniciam-se com os debates sobre o conhecimento mediado pelo jornalismo, em Meditsch (1997) e Lisboa e Bennetti (2015), relacionando tais pontos com os impactos comerciais na construção das notícias, pensando na atuação dos profissionais de imprensa. Ainda, valem-se das abordagens de Dubois (1993), Baeza (2007) e Didi-Huberman (2012) para compreender os efeitos da mediação do fotojornalismo, no debate sobre a imagem e seu efeito de contiguidade física, na perspectiva da verdade por verossimilhança. O artigo desenvolve os aspectos metodológicos da semiótica discursiva, em Greimas e Courtés (1979), Landowski (2004), Aldama (2019) e Barros (2020, 2022) para demonstrar como o efeito de sentido de verdade se constrói, a partir de um exemplo de fotografias de guerra produzidas por inteligência artificial, que revelam a atual sofisticação das formas de não-dizer-a-verdade a partir de imagens.
Epistemologia e Jornalismo
Authors: Simão Pontes Felipe
Published: September 2024

O objetivo é apresentar uma revisão bibliométrica de artigos que tematizam a epistemologia nos estudos de jornalismo. Realiza-se uma revisão em língua inglesa, espanhola, francesa, italiana e portuguesa presentes nas bases Scielo, Scopus e Web of Science publicados nos últimos 25 anos (1998 a 2022). A pesquisa visa compreender quais são e sobre que tratam os estudos que associam jornalismo e epistemologia. Após um breve reconhecimento dos argumentos que motivam pesquisas em epistemologia do jornalismo e com base em 355 artigos identificados, são apresentados dados referentes ao ano de publicação, principais autores, centros de pesquisa de origem, periódicos científicos, palavras-chave, títulos e resumos. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que se trata de publicações recentes, com associações ao digital, ao fact-checking, às mídias sociais e às fake news. Os resultados indicam a busca dos pesquisadores em associar a prática do jornalismo às dimensões de justificação, validade e autoridade – valores próprios da epistemologia – para fazer frente a questionamentos e desafios dirigidos à profissão.