bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHETIC PROTOCOLS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF HETEROCYCLIC FLUORESCENT - REINFORCING POLYMERS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Modh Jignasa V.
Published: December 2023

Fluorescent High-Performance polymers are well known as high performance engineering thermoplastics because of their good thermal stability, chemical resistance and excellent mechanical properties. Polymers having S-triazine ring become a subject of interest because of enhanced toughness and low moisture absorption and commercially available high performance engineering plastic materials. However, the thermal stability of triazine ring makes it an attractive monomer for use in high temperature polymers. Synthesis of polymers containing chromophoric groups which are responsible for fluorescent property have significant applications in fields such as biosensors, clean energy technologies, explosive sensing, pH/temperature sensor, biological imaging, life science, material science, ultrasensitive molecular diagnosis and novel light - emitting nano devices. The aromatic azo group is being more interest because of the existence of cis-trans isomerism and its effect on the photochromic properties of the polymers. Therefore, polymers having azo group have potential use in a variety of applications. Fluorescent polymers can be developed with different methods; generally, there are two methods for preparation of fluorescent polymers. One of them is polymerization of a monomer having a fluorescent chromophore such as fluorescent compounds as initiator, fluorescent compounds as chain transfer agents, chemical bonding between fluorescent groups and polymers. The second way, chemical alteration of commercially available polymers having reactive groups by using fluorescent dyes or organic molecules.
RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION AND DETERMINATION OF THERMAL STABILITY OF SOME NEW SUBSTITUTED PHENYL MALEIMIDE POLYMERS
Authors: Kumar Meena Suresh , Jagrati Meena
Published: December 2023

This article investigated a study and application of Kuhan-mark Howink Sakwada equation on some maleimides polymerand find out a relation in between intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight. Proposed work taken some maleimidesubstituted compounds and their study. In the research we selected some new maleimides monomer like as N-(ONitrophenyl)maleimide, N-(M-Nitro phenyl) maleimide and N-(P-Nitro phenyl) maleimide. Monomers werecopolymerized with methyl methacrylate. Synthesized homo and copolymers were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMRspectroscopy. Prepared monomers were polymerized at 12, 36, 48 and 72 hours on magnetic stirrer and AIBN and BPOused as a free radical initiator. THF and DMF were used as a solvent. Percentage yield were determined with timevariations. Number average and weight average molecular weight was determined by the gel permissionchromatography. Intrinsic viscosity was determined by the Hubelhod viscometer and thermal stability was determined bythe TGA techniques and starting degradation temperature and final degradation temperature was recorded.Polymerization reaction proceed via free radical is determined by the PDI index. Percentage composition of N and C iscalculated in monomer and polymer. This article focused that what actual shape of the homopolymer and copolymershowing in solvent and determined by Kuhan-mark Howink Sakwada equation.
PROTEIN KINASES AS DRUG TARGET AGAINST TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI
Authors: Verma Divya
Published: December 2023

Protein kinases are the most studied proteins as drug targets against deadly disease ‘sleeping sickness. The crystal structures for the Trypanosoma brucei protein kinase A catalytic subunit isoform 1 (PKAC1) and cell division-related protein kinase 2 (CDK2) are still not known. Therefore, homology models were constructed for the two proteins, based on their known amino acid sequences. The catalytic sites of both the proteins were then compared with their respective human homologs. Except for some conformational differences, the active site of TbrPKAC1  was found to be quite similar to that of the human homolog. Therefore, TbrPKAC1 cannot be considered as a very good drug target. Whereas, in the case of TbrCDK2, along with huge conformational differences, some important differences in the structure and nature of the binding site were also noticed when compared to their human homolog. Virtual screening was performed for TbrCDK2 and selected hits were analysed for the ligand-protein interactions. This analysis showed many important variations in TbrCDK2 from human homolog, which can be further explored as potential drug target.
Assessing Sarcopenic Obesity Risk in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Grip-to-BMI Ratio
Authors: Öztelcan Gündüz Bahar , Duyan Çamurdan Aysu , Yıldız Mücahit , Baran Aksakal F. Nur , Ünsal Emine Nüket
Published: December 2023

Aim: The present investigation aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in Turkish children aged 6-10 years during the COVID-19 pandemic, while also conducting a comparison of diagnostic methods. Methods: A total of 431 healthy children (230 females, 201 males) were recruited for this study. Various anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), were collected. Furthermore, body composition was assessed through the utilization of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to ascertain fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and the muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR). Additionally, grip strength was measured to determine the grip strength-to-BMI ratio. McCarthy's framework was employed to define sarcopenic obesity based on MFR cut-offs. Receiver operating characteristic curves were implemented to evaluate the efficacy of the grip strength-to-BMI ratio in identifying the risk of sarcopenic obesity. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was found to be 8.7% in females and 10.4% in males. In comparison to the MFR, the grip strength-to-BMI ratio exhibited considerable sensitivity in detecting the risk of sarcopenic obesity. The correlation between the ratio of grip strength to BMI and the muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) was found to be weak among boys and girls aged 6-8 years (r=0.363, r=0.458, p
International Financial Reporting Standards and Their Impact on Disclosure / an Exploratory Study
Authors: Ouerfelli Chokri , Dheyab Mohammed Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Introduction: This research studies the relationship between 41 international standards for the preparation of financial reports and the disclosure of financial and accounting data and information, where the standards were divided into 5 dimensions and disclosure into 6 dimensions. The time period for the study is between 2016, which is the beginning of the application of international standards in Iraqi banks, until the year 2022.

 

Objective: The study concluded that there is a partial application of the standards. The method of applying international standards in Iraq reached its goal, which is to enable Iraqi institutions to compete at the international level.

 

Methods: The study used the descriptive analytical approach. 111 questionnaires were analyzed

Result: There is also a correlation and influence relationship between the dimensions of the standards and the dimensions of disclosure.

 

Disscusion: The highest correlation coefficient appeared with the disclosure dimension in the report of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the lowest disclosure was related to the report of the external auditor.

 

Conclusion: The study recommended the need to communicate with foreign and international companies and benefit from their experience in applying these standards when carrying out disclosure operations in accordance with international financial reporting standards, and the need to enter into global competition and restore confidence in Iraqi banks through commitment to application international standards to ensure that.
Utvikling av lærerstudenters kompetanse i å støtte elevers tekstarbeid i norskfaget
Authors: Brataas Gøril , Bakken Jonas
Published: December 2023

Tekstarbeid er norskfagets kjernevirksomhet, og mange elever vil trenge mye støtte fra læreren for å mestre norskfagets mange og fagspesifikke måter å bruke tekster på. Det er derfor viktig at lærerstudenter i norsk lærer å tilby støttestrukturer for elevers tekstarbeid. Denne artikkelen rapporterer fra en innovasjon i lektorutdanningen for 8. til 13. trinn der lærerstudenter arbeidet med tre støttestrukturer –strategiundervisning, modellering og muntlige tilbakemeldinger – gjennom bruk av video både på campus og i praksisskoler. Med utgangspunkt i videodata fra lærerstudentenes norskundervisning i praksis og intervjuer med lærerstudentene og deres praksisveiledere, undersøker studien hvordan lærerstudentene støtter opp under ulike former for tekstarbeid i norskfaget ved hjelp av strategundervisning, modellering og muntlige tilbakemeldinger, samt hva som, ifølge lærerstudentene og deres praksisveiledere, er suksessfaktorer for at de skal lykkes med dette. Funnene viser at lærerstudentene tilbød elevene mye støtte i arbeidet med litterær analyse, retorikk og resonnerende fagskriving, og at viktige suksessfaktorer var studentenes egen norskfaglige tekstkompetanse og hvilket repertoar de hadde av støttestrukturer. Studien bidrar med innsikt i hva lærerstudenter må kunne for å støtte elevers tekstarbeid, og indikerer at lærerstudentene trenger mer trening i å støtte opp under kritiske og utforskende tilnærminger til tekster i norskfaget. I tillegg bidrar studien med å vise frem en innovasjon på tvers av campus og praksisskoler som kan egne seg til å utvikle lærerstudenters kompetanse i å støtte elevers tekstarbeid, i tett samarbeid med praksisfeltet.
AWARENESSES AND APPROACHES REGARDING EDUCATION AND THE VALUE SYSTEM
Authors: Vulpe Monica-Ioana , Enăchescu Vladimir Aurelian
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, awareness and approaches to education and value system are increasingly discussed in academia. Education is a major element in the formation of values and attitudes, and the right approach can have a significant impact on both individual and collective development. Research in this field addresses essential topics such as the influence of the socio-economic environment on education, the role of the family in the transmission of values, the approach to inclusive education, but also the impact of technology on the value system. In addition, we focus on the importance of developing a strong ethical and moral value system and the result that can promote social cohesion, grow the economy and, more importantly, improve people's quality of life. Through this work, we want to reflect the importance of understanding and applying these awarenesses and the fact that a responsible attitude towards these approaches could contribute to the development of a more effective and valuable educational system for all students.
PECULIARITIES OF MORAL EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Popovici Adina
Published: December 2023

Moral education aims to develop the human personality from a moral perspective, being always considered necessary, but difficult to fulfill. The period of primary education is very important from this point of view, the student being in the transition stage towards moral autonomy. Therefore, teachers must thoroughly know his age peculiarities, in order to be able to plan and carry out activities that convey moral notions that will be internalized, awakening appropriate feelings and stimulating appropriate reactions and attitudes, which will lead to the formation of skills, habits and moral traits. Given that at this age, the interdependence between conscience and conduct is becoming increasingly apparent, teachers can contribute to the development of all four components of the child's moral evolution: moral judgment, sensitivity, motivation and action. In primary school, often used methods that have shown their effectiveness are exercise in the form of play and direct observation.
MATHEMATICS DIDACTIS AND ITS ROLE IN A SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES
Authors: Popescu Anamaria
Published: December 2023

In this article, some approaches are presented for defining the didactics of mathematics and the relationship of mathematics with other scientific disciplines with which it is closely related. The relationship between mathematics teaching and scientific mathematics is an essential theoretical topic of the school mathematics curriculum. Following the presentation of these approaches, the teaching of mathematics prerogatives will be understood, the role of mathematics teaching in a science system will be characterized, the importance of the theoretical basis of mathematics and its transformation into the mathematics curriculum system in education will be understood. The process of mathematical didactics is guided by the systematic inclusion of insights from other related disciplines, thus exposing inevitable shortcomings and hidden pitfalls. of the whole process. There are different traditions in different cultures and different didactic schools of handling this process of choosing, preparing and evaluating mathematical topics for teaching purposes.
Peran Guru Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan Dalam Menegakkan Kedisiplinan Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Zhortisary Maria Fransiska , Kasim Abdullah Muis , Khaidir Khaidir
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1. Ingin mengetahui Bagaimana Peran Guru PPKn dalam menegakkan kedisiplinan pada siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Nita Kecamatan Nita Kabupaten Sikka. 2. Faktor pendukung dan penghambat Guru PPKn dalam menegakkan kedisiplinan pada siswa kelas VIII di SMPN 1 Nita Kecamatan Nita  Kabupaten Sikka. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 20 September – 20 Oktober  2019. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengadakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa peran guru PKn dalam menegakkan kedisiplinan siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Nita Kecamatan Nita Kabupaten Sikka adalah guru PKn harus menjadi seorang pendidik, pengajar, menjadi agen perubahan moral, dan menjadi motivator bagi siswanya. Adapun  hambatannya adalah tidak ckupnya waktu pembelajaran, kurangnya kelengkapan administrasi di sekolah, pergaulan teman sebaya serta sikap masa bodoh terhadap nasihat guru. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah peran guru PKn dalam menegakkan kedisiplinan pada siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Nita Kecamatan Nita Kabupaten Sikka sudah cukup baik. Hal ini di lihat dari berbagai macam upaya yang di lakukan oleh guru PKn  terhadap siswa kelas VIII dalam menegakkan  kedisiplinan siswa di sekolah.
Peran Guru Penggerak Dalam Mewujudkan Profil Pelajar Pancasila di Sekolah
Authors: Hasanah Afis Hafifah , Adha Muhammad Mona , Mentari Ana
Published: December 2023

Di era saat ini, terdapat empat tantangan besar dalam dunia pendidikan, diantaranya adalah adanya persoalan terkait nilai luhur dan moral bangsa; perlunya kematangan menjadi warga negara; mendukung perwujudan keadilan sosial dan terciptanya kompetensi abad 21. Menghadapi tantangan tersebut pemerintah membentuk program Guru Penggerak untuk mencanangkan Profil Pelajar Pancasil. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran guru penggerak dalam mewujudkan profil pelajar pancasila. Untuk menganalisis data pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakanan alat bantu berupa Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) versi 20. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini  menunjukkan bahwa Peran Guru Penggerak di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 2 Semaka Tanggamus dilihat dari kegiatan pembelajaran maupun kegiatan diluar pembelajaran yang memberikan perubahan dalam mewujudkan Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Guru Penggerak cukup mampu menerapkan perannya dengan baik disetiap perilaku dan tindakannya di lingkungan sekolah.
Kajian tentang Gender dari Persepektif Adat Lio di Desa Mauloo Kecamatan Paga
Authors: Nggai Yohanes
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kajian Tentang Gender Dari Perspektif Adat Lio dan nilai-nilai tentang jender dari prespektif perkawinan adat Lio di Desa Mauloo Kecamatan Paga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif.  Subjek penelitiannya yaitu, Kepala Desa, tokoh masyarakat, tokoh adat, tokoh agama dan salah satu keluarga. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik Analisis data berupa pengumpulan data , reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian kajian gender dari perspektif adat Lio yaitu: laki-laki belum mengakui eksistensi perempuan dalam adat lio, aspek sosial ekonomi: memiliki tanggung jawab yang sama, aspek budaya. nilai-nilai gender dalam adat lio yaitu nilai budaya, nilai sosial, nilai ekonomi, dan nilai religius.
Analisis Perlindungan Anak terhadap Kekerasan Pada Situasi Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Jannah Isyana Rihadhil
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan kekerasan pada anak situasi pembelajaran daring khususnya di desa Kemasan, Sawit, Boyolali. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian pendekatan kualitatif. Menggunakan 3 responden sebagai sumber data primer yaitu murid taman kanak – kanak , murid sekolah dasar dan murid sekolah menengah pertama. Dan data sekunder diperoleh secara langsng menggunakan observasi, Wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data didapatkan, dikumpulkan dan direduksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kekerasan yang dialami pada saat pembelajaran daring meningkat dari tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Para responden mengatakan bahwa berbagai kekerasan telah mereka rasakan selama masa pandemic ini. Kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh orang tua dengan mtif anak mereka tertib dan melakukan sesuai keinginan mereka. Namun orang tua tidak sadar bahwa kekerasan yang dilakukan akan berpengaruh terhdap kondisi mental dan fisik anak. Di Indonesia tindak kekerasan pada anak merupakan bagian dari kasus Hak asasi manusia. Semua kasus yang berkaitan dengan kekerasan pada anak dapat dibawa ke jalur hukum karena peraturan dan undang – undang terhap perlindungan anak telah ditetapkan.
Pentingnya Penerapan Kesadaran Hukum dalam Hidup Bermasyarakat
Authors: Hasugian Carita Ronauly
Published: December 2023

Kemajuan suatu bangsa dapat dilihat dari tingkat kesadaran hukum dan ketaatan hukum warganya. Semakin tinggi kesadaran hukum dan ketaatan hukum penduduk suatu negara, akan semakin tertib kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Faktor kesadaran hukum dan ketaatan hukum ini mempunyai peran penting dalam perkembangan hukum, artinya semakin lemah tingkat kesadaran hukum masyarakat, semakin lemah pula ketatan hukumnya sebaliknya semakin kuat kesadaran hukumnya semakin kuat pula faktor ketaatan hukum. Kesadaran hukum masyarakat yang pada gilirannya akan menciptakan suasana penegakan hukum yang baik, yang dapat memberikan rasa keadilan, menciptakan kepastian hukum dalam masyarakat dan memberikan kemanfaatan bagi anggota masyarakat. Pada dasarnya masyarakat.Indonesia tahu dan paham hukum, tetapi secara sadar pula mereka masih melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan melanggar hukum. Kesadaran hukum masyarakat dewasa ini masih lemah yang identik dengan ketidak taatan hukum.
Harvesting of Scenedesmus obliquus Cells by Chemical Flocculation: The Effects of Various Flocculants in Bio-recovery of Carotenoids
Authors: Afiya Hamisu , Umar K. M.
Published: December 2023

One of the major challenges in the downstream processing of microalgae is harvesting cells from the culture medium, which account for 20-30% of the production cost. Several harvesting methods and their combinations are available efficiency of which depends on algal sp. and biomass concentration. However, the bio recovery of algal metabolites for quite a number of harvesting methods is rarely reported. In the present study, an experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different flocculants (AlCl2, FeCl3 and ZnSO4, MgSO4) in harvesting Scenedesmus obliquus and its bio recovery of carotenoids. From the result obtained FeCl3 was the best flocculant harvesting up to 99.69% algal cells at the first 30 minutes of reaction time. Similarly, in terms of carotenoid bio-recovery, the highest carotenoids content was recorded in cells harvested with ferric chloride (i.e., 2.81 mg/ml) as compared to other coagulants.
Pedagog specjalny w polityce oświatowej we współczesnej Polsce
Authors: Osińska Natalia
Published: December 2023

Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza roli pedagoga specjalnego w zakresie polityki oświatowej we współczesnej Polsce. Rozważania odnoszą się więc do jego do statusu w prawie oświatowym, warunków formalnych jakie musi spełniać by nim zostać. Określono też zadania pedagoga specjalnego, głównie te, które go wyróżniają spośród innych profesji nauczycielskich. Artykuł porusza również kwestię kompetencji pedagoga specjalnego (np. kompetencje niezwykłe), które wiążą się nie tylko z pracą ze swoimi podopiecznymi, ale także ich rodzinami i instytucjami. Na końcu niniejszego artykułu przedstawione zostały cechy osobowości (np. cierpliwość, stanowczość, wytrwałość, itp.), które powinna posiadać osoba pracująca z osobami ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi (SPE) i specjalnymi potrzebami rozwojowymi (SPR).
Sebastian Rosenbaum, Dariusz Węgrzyn (red.), Wywózka. Deportacja mieszkańców Górnego Śląska do obozów pracy przymusowej w Związku Sowieckim w 1945 roku. Faktografia-konteksty-pamięć, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (...)
Authors: Popieliński Paweł
Published: December 2023

Recenzja publikacji: Sebastian Rosenbaum, Dariusz Węgrzyn (red.), Wywózka.  Deportacja mieszkańców Górnego Śląska do obozów pracy przymusowej w Związku Sowieckim w 1945 roku. Faktografia-konteksty-pamięć, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, Oddział w Katowicach, Katowice 2014, ss. 454
Wielokulturowość w Niemczech – perspektywa BassamaTibi i Thillo Sarrazina
Authors: Kruk Aleksandra
Published: December 2023

W artykule poddano analizie problem wielokulturowości w Republice Federalnej Niemiec. Problemy towarzyszące tej koncepcji polityki wobec imigrantów zaprezentowano z dwóch perspektyw. Pierwsze spojrzenie ma źródło w doświadczeniach Bassama Tibi, syryjskiego uczonego, który pracował wiele lat w RFN. Drugi obraz Niemiec, wdrażających politykę wielokulturowości, stworzył Thillo Sarrazin, niemiecki polityk i przedsiębiorca.
Uchodźstwo Czeczenów do Polski po roku 2000
Authors: Suduł Ryszard
Published: December 2023

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie pogłębionej analizy zjawiska napływu uchodźców czeczeńskich do Polski. W pierwszej części omówiono podstawowe pojęcia i uwarunkowania problemu. W drugiej części tekstu skupiono się na analizie problemu ludzi uciekających ze swojej ojczyzny, w której panuje bezprawie, brutalność i trwa ciągle niezakończony konflikt czeczeńsko-rosyjski. Warto zaznaczyć, iż autor artykułu w toku postępowania badawczego uwidacznia braki systemu uchodźczego w Polsce. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazuje, że stosując dużo niższe standardy opieki nad uchodźcami niż oferują im inne kraje Europy Zachodniej, Polska nieformalnie sprzyja nielegalnym wyjazdom Czeczenów z tego kraju. Wytworzona sytuacja doprowadza do łamania procedur prawa Unii Europejskiej i wewnątrz krajowego. Rozwiązanie tej kwestii w Polsce stało się bardzo istotnym problemem społecznym, wymuszającym na decydentach poszukiwanie rozwiązań systemowych i instytucjonalnych dostosowanych do zaistniałych uwarunkowań.
„Lapidaria” Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego – nowa literatura
Authors: Białopiotrowicz Agata
Published: December 2023

Lapidaria Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego to sześciotomowy cykl ukazujący się w ciągu siedemnastu lat – od 1990 do 2007 roku. Stanowi zbiór tekstów specyficznych w stosunku do całej twórczości reportera oraz na tle polskiej tradycji kulturowej. Odwołuje się do różnorodnych wzorców literackich. Obecne są tu elementy eseju, reportażu, dziennika pamiętnika i przypowieści. Pisarz posługuje się stylem potocznym, naukowym, artystycznym oraz dziennikarskim. Każdą z sześciu książek tworzą fragmenty zapisywane przez autora w różnych okolicznościach. Cechą charakterystyczną Lapidariów jest więc bogactwo form i tematów. Artykuł stanowi próbę wstępnej charakterystyki cyklu pod względem budowy i cech języka, w oparciu o dotychczasowe badania językoznawcze i literaturoznawcze.
Wymiar instytucjonalny Europejskiej Polityki Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony
Authors: Słomczyńska Irma
Published: December 2023

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie pogłębionej analizy wymiaru instytucjonalnego EPBiO na dwóch poziomach – taktycznym i operacyjnym. Biorąc za punkt wyjścia hybrydową naturę Unii Europejskiej, autorka próbuje analizować kilka istotnych kwestii związanych z procesem decyzyjnym w obrębie drugiego filaru UE, jak również więzi i zależności istniejące pomiędzy instytucjami. Podstawowym założeniem artykułu jest teza, że państwa członkowskie UE rozwinęły niezwykle skomplikowany mechanizm decyzyjny dla realizacji EPBiO, który stanowi odzwierciedlenie potrzeb uczynienia z UE „globalnego peacekeepera” i stabilizatora. Jednocześnie wszystkie państwa chciały zachowania swojej autonomii i suwerenności w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i obrony. Przeprowadzona analiza prowadzi do wniosku, że struktura decyzyjna jest siecią instytucji o niejasnych i nieprecyzyjnie oddzielonych kompetencjach. Dodatkowo jest bardzo skomplikowana i podlega nieustannemu procesowi modyfikacji. Oznacza to jednocześnie, że EPBiO nie jest mechanizmem tak skutecznym i dobrym jakim mogłaby być, gdyby procedury i proces decyzyjny były bardziej klarowne i uproszczone.
Gospodarka Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej w warunkach reform systemowych
Authors: Wojnarski Dariusz
Published: December 2023

Rok 1978 rozpoczął zupełnie nowy etap rozwoju gospodarczego Chin. Kierujący krajem komuniści uznali za zasadne rozwinięcie mechanizmów rynkowych i szersze otwarcie na kraje kapitalistyczne, w tym stworzenie korzystnych warunków dla napływu kapitału zagranicznego, traktowanego jako niezbędny czynnik modernizacji. W latach 90. nastąpiło przyspieszenie reform systemowych i akcesja do międzynarodowych struktur gospodarczych, takich jak Bank Światowy, Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy i później Światowej Organizacji Handlu (2001). Towarzyszyło temu odejście od protekcjonistycznej polityki celnej, ograniczenie dotacji oraz prywatyzacja przedsiębiorstw państwowych. Podjęte kroki reformatorskie radykalnie przyspieszyły wzrost gospodarczy, którego motorem stał się eksport i idące z tym w parze inwestycje kapitału zagranicznego.
Security and its Political Threats in a Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Chałupczak Henryk
Published: December 2023

The article is an attempt of presentation of leading theoretical approaches to the issues of security present in current studies in Poland. The article refers to the most characteristic definitions and typologies of such research categories as: security, typologies of security, political security, dangers, threats of political security. In the analyses the author assumed the perspective proper for, first of all, such scientific disciplines as the science of politics and administration and science of security. Theoretical, model, and academic perspectives of the essence of security and the most important research views in the literature on the subject were referred to. Where necessary, the author tried to present his own approach to the discussed categories. The presented deliberations refer also to the present state of research, completed by an attempt of the author’s commentary.
Comparative analysis of the latest large-scale education reforms in Poland and Hungary
Authors: Velkey Kristóf
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to present the main features of the reform process in the Hungarian education system after 2010 and comparing it to the Polish education reform started in 2015. The analyzed education systems had common characteristics but since the fall of Communism they have developed differently. Nevertheless, we can observe several significant similarities in comparing the two recent reforms, the most prominent among them are the ways in which the reforms were prepared and implemented. In both cases, a dominant group with sufficient political powers decided to form the national education system in order to correspond to their worldview and political needs.
ԹՈՔԱՅԻՆ ԶԱՐԿԵՐԱԿԱՅԻՆ ՀԻՊԵՐՏԵՆԶԻԱ
Authors: Minasyan A.M. , Khachatryan T.A. , Melkonyan E.G. , Meloyan S.V. , Tavaratsyan A.R.
Published: December 2023

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a syndrome characterized by marked remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and a progressive rise in the pulmonary vascular load, leading to hypertrophy and remodeling of the right ventricle. PH hemodynamically defined hemodynamically by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of higher than 20 mm Hg at rest, as measured by right heart catheterization.
The several forms of PH are categorized into five clinical groups, based on the 2018 meeting of the World Symposium on PH with the clinical characteristics and hemodynamic profile of each group. PH complicates chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (worldwide burden >500 million cases) and interstitial lung disease (10 to 70%). It is estimated that 1% of the world population and up to 10% of persons older than 65 years of age have PH.
We reviewed current literature to ascertain the approach to classification, diagnostic and treatment algorithm for confirmed Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) according to ESR-ECS 2015 guidelines, 2018 meeting of the World Symposium on PH and randomized controlled trials. Diagnostic algorithm for suspected PH on the basis of symptoms and signs will intergrated with transthoracic echocardiography, as the single most important screening test ordered by the general practitioner. Additional routine blood and imaging tests are involdved in the clinical assessment. Treatment algorithm for confirmed PAH is adapted from Galiè et al and presented with recommendations for approved PAH, therefore further studies need to be carried out.
БОТУЛОТОКСИН. МЕХАНИЗМ ТОКСИЧЕСКОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ. ПРИНЦИП ДЕЙСТВИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ РАЗНЫХ СЕРОТИПОВ БОТУЛОТОКСИНА. ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В МЕДИЦИНЕ
Authors: Margaryan K.C. , Sargsyan T.S. , Aslanyan A.S.
Published: December 2023

The paper discusses the most recent understanding of the mechanisms of action of naturally occurring botulinum toxins in the context of chemical analysis, the types of botulism, the conditions of their origin, causes of development, as well as the methods of prevention of the toxic process, according to the type of lesion.
The structural and pathogenic mechanisms of these toxins (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) are very similar (due to the property of inhibiting the exocytosis of neurotransmitter and causing muscle paralysis). However, because each type of toxin has a unique receptor, they have different affinities for the three transporter proteins found in SNAR (VAMP, SNAP, and syntaxin).
If in the process of pathogenesis BTA (botulotoxin A) cleaves the protein in the synaptose, BTB cleaves synaptobrevin, while the intracellular target of BTC (which is still in the research stage) are two proteins of the transporter complex (synaptotagmin and syntaxin) at the same time, which has a positive effect on some pharmacological features. The existence of the A1 and A2 subtypes of BTA is discussed, and a chemical justification is provided for why even a minor alteration in the amino acid sequence results in a difference in the biological and immunological characteristics of these subtypes. Furthermore, evidence supports the idea that reducing the amount of complexing proteins is a strategy to lessen toxicity, reduce immune-resistance, assure a long-lasting myorelaxant impact, and thereby increase the potential of botulinum toxin therapy. And this can be achieved by reducing the inactive toxins in the mixture, the ways of which are presented.
Meanwhile, on the basis of that same mechanism, one of the unique manifestations of A and B botulinum toxins acting as active drugs, the phenomenon of botulinum toxin therapy, is explained, if of course they are completely free of toxic substances and act in minimal amounts. In the meantime, the phenomena of botulinum toxin therapy, one of the distinctive manifestations of A and B botulinum toxins operating as active medications, is explained on the basis of that same mechanism, assuming, of course, that they are completely free of toxic components and act in minimal levels.
This is when they are converted from poison to medicine as “wonderful forces of nature that are meant to help people with diseases that were previously thought to be incurable”. The uniqueness of their mechanism of action, the availability of the drug in any zone of injection, the long duration of the pharmacological effect and, most importantly, the absence of systematic and side effects already justify the demand for drugs, based on botulinum toxins, in neurology, surgery, traumatology, nephrology, dentistry, ophthalmology, aesthetic medicine and later also prospective possibilities of their application in other clinical fields.
ՊԱՐԿԻՆՍՈՆԻ ՀԻՎԱՆԴՈՒԹՅԱՄԲ ԲՈՒԺԱՌՈՒՆԵՐԻ ՇԱՐԺՈՂԱԿԱՆ ԽԱՆԳԱՐՈՒՄՆԵՐԻ ԽՈՐԱՑՈՒՄԸ` ՊԱՅՄԱՆԱՎՈՐՎԱԾ ՆԻԿՈՏԻՆԻ (ԾԽԱԽՈՏԻ) ԸՆԴՈՒՆՄԱՆ ԴԱԴԱՐԵՑՄԱՄԲ
Authors: Arakelyan N.L. , Kesoyan. A.A. , Aloyan D.A. , Manvelyan H.M.
Published: December 2023

Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests an association between cigarette smoking and a low risk of Parkinson’s disease. Other data indicate a rapid worsening of the disease and an exacerbation of the disease after smoking cessation. To prevent the risk of Parkinson’s disease as the main component of cigarette smoke, nicotine is proposed as a alkaloid that has a fundamental role in the regulation of the behavior and activity of the striatum mediated by the dopaminergic system.
Animal studies have also shown that nicotine can regulate dopamine transmission and reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesia. However, previous clinical trials have shown conflicting results regarding nicotine treatment. Epidemiological, preclinical, clinical updates and studies on dietary nicotine are presented.
The suggestion to quit smoking for health reasons, as it reduces the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, should be accepted as an essential health procedure, however, in the case of Parkinson’s disease, a nicotine replacement supplement should be provided. Since small amounts of nicotine can lead to stimulation of a large portion of the brain’s nicotinic receptors, nicotine from other sources, such as less harmful advanced smoking devices, as well as diet, may be promising therapeutic agents to support motor function and protect against Parkinson’s disease.
Annihilator graphs derived from group rings
Authors: Prasobha P K , Singh G Suresh
Published: December 2023

Let RG be the group ring of the group G over a ring R and let Z∗(RG) be the collection of all non-zero zero divisors in a finite group ring RG. And, for x ∈ Z∗(RG), ann(x) = { r ∈ RG | rx = 0}. The annihilator graph of RG denoted as AG(RG), and is defined as the graph whose vertex set is the elements of non-zero zero divisors in RG and two distinct vertices vx and vy are adjacent if and only if ann(x) ∩ ann(y) ≠ 0. In this paper we try to characterize the properties of annihilator graphs in group rings.
Teachers’ Feedback Practices, Students’ Engagement and Academic Adjustment: Moderating Effects of Gender
Authors:   Department of Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa, Amedu Amos Nnaemeka , Dwarika Veronica ,   Department of Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
Published: December 2023

This study developed a structural path model that explained economics students’ academic adjustments using teachers’ feedback and students’ engagement, taking cognisance of the moderating effects of students’ gender. This study used a correlational research design. Through random sampling, 150 participants were recruited for this study. The data collection instruments used were questionnaires on teachers’ oral and written feedback, students’ engagement, and academic adjustments. Model fitness tests were established using Partial Least Square statistical tools. Research questions were answered using path diagrams and path coefficients. The study revealed that the most meaningful recursive structural model that explains students’ academic adjustment in economics as moderated by their gender is a model involving teachers’ feedback practices and students’ engagement. This study revealed that the combined effects of teachers’ oral and written feedback and students’ academic engagement accounted for 93% of variations in students’ academic adjustment. Similarly, teachers’ feedback practices accounted for 85% of variations in students’ academic engagement. Finally, students’ gender was a significant moderator of the relationship between teachers’ feedback practices, students’ engagement, and academic adjustments. This study is significant because it is the first of its kind to develop a structural moderating effect of gender on the relationship between teachers’ feedback practices, students’ engagement, and academic adjustment. This study recommends that economics teachers use feedback that stimulates students’ engagement to enhance academic adjustment. In addition, school administrators should train and retrain economics teachers on effective and sufficient feedback practices for enhancing students’ academic adjustment.
Characterization of Fiber Metal Laminates for the Development of Subsea Housing
Authors: AYYADURAI Thirunavukkarasu , KARIBEERAN Shanmugasundaram , GANESAN Latha
Published: December 2023

Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) are hybrid composites comprising metals and Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP). FMLs are the most widely used in aerospace, defence and automotive sectors due to their superior qualities like light weight, tensile, compression, flexural, excellent fatigue and impact resistance. The properties like strength-to-weight ratio, susceptibility to corrosion and good heat conduction of FML make it suitable for subsea applications. Commonly, FML with a combination of aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti), stainless steel (SS) alloys and FRP are widely used for ocean applications. Compared to other FML, the SS alloy-based FML is typically used in subsea applications as it has more creep and excellent corrosion resistance. In India, under the Ocean Acoustics programme of the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), an autonomous underwater Ambient Noise Measurement System (ANMS) has been developed and deployed in the shallow waters of Indian seas for the past 12 years to study the background noise prevailing in the sea. To accommodate electronics and power packs for the measurement of ambient noise at an ocean depth of 100 m, subsea housing with stainless steel 316L (SS316L) material for a pressure rating of 1 MPa has been developed. The objective of this study is to develop the FML with SS316L and FRP for reducing the weight of the housing. Based on the literature studies and Classical Laminate Theory (CLT), the FML has been fabricated as a 0.45 m (450 mm) panel with a sequence of SS316L as outer layers and E-glass fibre and carbon as the inner layers. The total thickness of the laminates is 0.006 m (6 mm). The developed FMLs are processed with water jet cutting machines to carry out various testing such as tensile, compression and flexural, which are relevant to the characterization of FML and the experimental results are described in the paper.
Professionelle Begleitung von Nachverdichtungsprozessen zur Wohnraumschaffung
Authors: Gorbach Johannes
Published: December 2023

Urbane Transformation ist unter anderem vom Wachstum der Bevölkerung sowie des Wohnraumbedarfs getrieben, weshalb zur Wohnraumschaffung Nachverdichtung bedeutender wird. Dichteres Sozialleben wird dabei unter anderem mit Konfliktpotenzial assoziiert, weshalb die Begleitung von Nachverdichtung ein professionsübergreifendes Handlungsfeld darstellt. Anhand einer Handlungsfeldanalyse in Wien wird die Rolle der Sozialraumorientierten Sozialen Arbeit entlang relevanter Konzepte und Kompetenzen diskutiert.
Magic GIFT for Digital Library Innovation with Grouping, Indexing, Folding, and Targeting
Authors: Liang Sheldon , Anthony Miller Paul
Published: December 2023

Digital library service is in need of innovation to meet the demands of the modern user and effectively sort through increasingly growing web and cloud content. One such innovation introduces the idea of the magic lamp that can be embodied through three comprehensive views: conceptual foundation, technical roadmap, and operational fulfillment to better serve the user. The Magic Lamp represents a pioneering invention that is both a multidimensional and “smart” approach to discovering, grouping, assimilating, organizing, and delivering archival content while eliminating unnecessary and antiquated sequential search patterns that consume or overwhelm both the user and computer. Central to the concept of the Magic Lamp as a visible icon is the underlying and automated process of the Magic GIFT throughout Grouping, Indexing, Folding and Targeting. The magic of GIFT enacts domain-specific search (like “google-it”) as grouped, contextualizes multidimensional & multilinguals (as indexed) for diverse and global readers, and dedicates the user to multi-folded content, and propels decent experience and deep exploration on target. As a result, this may be seen in overlying three views that helps streamline large amounts of information in user-friendly ways which are readily available at one’s fingertips.
Kepemimpinan Tranformasional Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru
Authors: Yuliastuti Lisa Aprelia , Felita Almira Vashti , Nawangsari Dewi Cantika , Wulandari Rahma Ayu , Ningrum Refkli Lifdia Kusuma , Wulandari Ayu , Nuphanudin Nuphanudin
Published: December 2023

The principal is the leader of the educational unit. The leadership success of a school principal is based on one of several leadership theories or models. One leadership model is transformational leadership. Transformational leadership is leadership that has the ability to change the energy of resources, be they people, tools, or situations, to achieve goals. Transformational leadership has the following characteristics: charismatic, the ability to create inspiration, the ability to stimulate the minds of followers positively, individual attention. Transformational leadership has the following characteristics: having a vision, having personal considerations, inspirational motivation, intellectual simulation. The application of the principal's transformational leadership style is seen in: the ability to build the school's vision, mission and programs, be an agent of change, be charismatic, have empathy, stimulate intelligence and encourage creativity, creating opportunities for all school members. The application of transformational leadership carried out by school principals has an impact on the achievement of professional learning. Creating a school culture and environment that supports and achieves high student learning outcomes.
Land use change and temporal water quality dynamics on the slopes of mount Meru
Authors:   , Kitalika Aldo
Published: December 2023

This work reports on the results obtained following the study on the land use change and temporal water quality change in rivers of the slopes of Mount Meru in Northern Tanzania between 2015 and 2016. Satellite images collected from United States Geological Survey (USGS) were used to model the land use change using ArcGIS and IDRISI software. Also, 419 water samples and two (2) rocks samples were collected from various geo-referenced points and assessed for sixteen (16) water quality changes using standard methods for water and wastewater from American Public and Health Association (APHA). The stable isotope studies were done at the University of Waterloo stable isotopes laboratory using the Los Gatos Research Laser processes analyzer with Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (LGRICOS™). The study showed significant land use changes in the area in every ten (10) years over a period of thirty (30) years such that, there is an increase in human settlement from 74.2 km 2 (1986) to 261.2 km 2 (2016), decrease in agricultural land from 545.8 km 2 to 531.5 km 2 (2016). Also, in similar years the bush-land decreased from 372.3 km 2 (1986) to 158.4 km 2 (2016) in favour of increase of settlement. Moreover, the mixed forest were improved from 139.7 km 2 (1986) to 116.0 km 2 (2016) whereas the water bodies decreased significantly from 14.0 km 2 (1986) to 4.2 km 2 (2016). In addition, the water quality in rivers deteriorated due to increased human activities, poor performing Wastewater Treatment Systems (WTS) which discharge its effluents in rivers, and bad agricultural practices. Few sampling points in rivers had Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), NO 3  and Total Soluble Phosphate (TSP) levels higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) standards of 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. Fluoride contamination in Themi, Nduruma and Tengeru Rivers were within the WHO and Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) maximum acceptable limits of 1.5 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L, respectively. Maji ya Chai River showed the highest levels of fluorides and dissolved organic matter of up to 69.01 ± 0.03 mg/L and 10 ± 0.2 mg/L, respectively, which are higher than the WHO standards. The study confirmed the main source of fluorides in water is rocks containing fluoride in which its leaching is favoured in alkaline environment. Also the stable isotopes studies revealed the origin of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) were plant materials and soil composites whereas NO 3  originated from wastewater, urea fertilizers, and animal manures. The major sources for coloured dissolved organic matter and fluoride contents in Maji ya Chai River were discovered at Kirurumu hill (M1) and Jamera (M2), respectively.
Variabilidade temporal do efluxo de CO2 do solo em ecossistema florestal na Amazônia oriental
Authors: Araújo Alessandro Carioca de , Pinto Carlos Alberto Dias , Souza Giselle Nerino Brito de , Silva Julie Andrews
Published: December 2023

As emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) causam o aquecimento global e contribuem com a perda de carbono dos solos. O efluxo de CO2 do solo (Esolo) desempenha um papel significativo no ciclo de carbono das florestas tropicais úmidas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar e quantificar o Esolo em um ecossistema de floresta primária em diferente escala sazonal durante dois anos na Amazônia Oriental. O Esolo em 2016 foi maior no período chuvoso (PC) (5,80 ± 0,34 µmol m-2 s-1) em comparação ao período menos chuvoso (PMC) (5,66 ± 0,16 µmol m-2 s-1). Em 2017 a média do Esolo foi superior no PMC (5,52 ± 0,34 µmol m-2 s-1) em comparação ao PC (4,98 ± 0,52 µmol m-2 s-1). O Esolo não apresentou diferença significativa entre PC e PMC no ano de 2016. O menor Esolo foi encontrado no PC em comparação ao PMC em 2017 e teve pouca dependência das variáveis de umidade e temperatura do solo. Sendo assim, outras variáveis precisam ser consideradas na interdependência de fatores físicos e biogeoquímicos do solo na variabilidade interanual do Esolo para ecossistemas de floresta.
Innovación en la enseñanza del inglés en la Educación Superior: desafíos, oportunidades y buenas prácticas
Authors: Donoso Cedeño María Monserrate , Echeverría Zurita Lincon Oliver , Moreira Pérez Renner Willy , Ponce Anchundia Luis Stiven
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los desafíos, las oportunidades y las buenas prácticas de la innovación en la enseñanza del inglés en la educación superior. Para ello, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los principales enfoques, métodos y estrategias que se han aplicado en diferentes contextos educativos para mejorar la enseñanza-aprendizaje del inglés. Además, se presentan casos de programas innovadores de inglés basado en el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). El estudio se basa en una metodología cualitativa, que incluye entrevistas a docentes y estudiantes, observación de clases y análisis de documentos. Los posibles resultados del estudio apuntan a identificar los beneficios, los retos y las limitaciones del programa, así como las buenas prácticas y las lecciones aprendidas que se pueden extraer para otros contextos similares. Se concluye con algunas recomendaciones para fomentar la innovación en la enseñanza del inglés en la educación superior, tanto a nivel institucional como pedagógico.