bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saving energy at university campus via intervention to reduce elevator usage – a case study from Germany
Authors: Gölitzer Friederike , Barbir Jelena , Eustachio Joao Henrique Paulino Pires
Published: August 2023

Recently, the need for energy saving has become a challenge for German society. Rising prices of energy, and urgent need to mitigate and adapt to climate change, made it necessary to reflect and change behaviors on a population level. Simultaneously, the population faces increased sedentary lifestyle and health system promotes benefits of daily movement and sports. By using stairs, instead of taking the elevator, could be part of the solution for both problems. This applies for buildings, such as universities, which usually have hundreds of students and staff circulating daily. In this sense, this study aims to analyse how an intervention to increase stair usage, by involving motivational stickers and posters, could impact the behavior of students and staff. To achieve its goal, a field study and a questionnaire has been conducted at one German University. The results showed, after the intervention, that the elevator usage decreased by nearly 7%. According to the questionnaire nearly a fifth of all participants felt motivated by the stickers to choose the stairs over the elevator. While before the intervention male participants were 1.76 times more likely than females to take the stairs, the difference in stair usage after the intervention was not statistically significant anymore. Individual students and staff members were 1.44 times more likely to take the stairs than when grouped with others. This difference in stair usage individually or in a group increased from nearly 8% before the intervention to 17% after the intervention. Although short, the intervention showed to be successful and the results indicated that elevator interventions should be utilized in future contexts at a population level to spread the message that by reducing elevator usage, energy can be saved, and human fitness improved.
Challenges and interpersonal dynamics during a two-person lunar analogue Arctic mission
Authors: Marques-Quinteiro Pedro , Käosaar Andres , Delben Paola Barros , Kjærgaard Anders , Leon Gloria R.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: This case study was designed as an analog for aspects of NASA’s planned Artemis missions to the lunar surface. The specific aims were to examine emerged mission challenges and dyadic affective and process dynamics over the course of a three-month lunar habitat analog Arctic mission.

Methods: Participants were two men who also had key roles in designing the habitat. Pre- and post- expedition interviews were conducted and daily satellite phone messages to mission control over the three-month mission were assessed. An integrated mixed methods approach was used to analyze challenges, group affect, and group processes, with the goal of furthering the understanding of coping and psychosocial work experiences in challenging conditions.

Results: The findings indicated that different challenges took distinct temporal trajectories across mission phases; based on the relational themes, several challenges were identified, primarily physical challenges related to the experience of coping in an ICE environment, and psychosocial challenges associated with the preparation and execution of mission tasks. Physical challenges, positive tone, and action processes were the themes most connected to each other. To deal with these challenges, the team adapted by more frequently engaging in action and transition processes. The specific training for the mission the participants engaged in, and prior knowledge about each other enabled team members to deal with mission exigencies while maintaining a positive outlook.

Discussion: Fostering strong positive relationships was an important mechanism to build resilience and effective performance while under ongoing, extreme conditions.
International biathlon season during the COVID-19 pandemic was based on frequent on-site PCR-testing protocol with rapid result management
Authors: Mjøsund Katja , Ghaleb Mahinour , Kolsrud Lars , Carrabre Jim , Kainzinger Florian , Boehm Daniel , Bitterling Felix , Wolfarth Bernd
Published: August 2023

The resumption of professional sports during the COVID-19 pandemic has been described in team sports but less in individual sports. The International Biathlon Union implemented a COVID-19 concept for the 2020–2021 season aimed to mitigate the risks of transmission by rules designated for the professional biathlon environment. The “bubble” model was based on regular reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with rapid results and efficient result management protocol. The objective of this study was report incidence and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among professional biathletes and staff undergoing frequent PCR testing and risk reduction measures during the international season 2020–2021. The efficiency of risk mitigation measures was also evaluated based on the incidence data. During the 4-month season, altogether 22,182 SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests were conducted on all individuals participating in international biathlon season (athletes, team staff and organizing committee). Ninety-six (0.4%) PCR tests were positive and 30% of the positive PCR tests were considered “persistent positive” following recovery from a recent COVID-19 infection. No transmission events were detected following contact with “persistent positive” cases during the season. A great majority of the positive PCR tests were recorded during the first days after arrival in the “bubble”, often in the first entry test taken by the on-site laboratory. In conclusion, a “bubble model” based on frequent PCR testing and hygiene rules was efficient in keeping the infection rate low. The competition activity including international travel was safe, and most of the infections seemed to originate from outside of the “bubble”.
Porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus alone or associated are frequent intralesional detected viruses in porcine respiratory disease complex cases in Northern Italy
Authors: D’Annunzio Giulia , Ostanello Fabio , Muscatello Luisa Vera , Orioles Massimo , Jacumin Niccolò , Tommasini Nicola , Leotti Giorgio , Luppi Andrea , Mandrioli Luciana , Sarli Giuseppe
Published: August 2023

Methods

This study aimed to examine the pathological impact of Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) through histological and immunohistochemical analysis of 79 cases of Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) collected from 22 farms in Northern Italy. Lung tissue and several lymphoid organ samples were deployed to associate PCV2-positive stain with Circovirus-associated Diseases (PCVD).

Results

The most common lung lesion observed was interstitial pneumonia, alone or combined with bronchopneumonia. By immunohistochemistry, 44 lungs (55.7%) tested positive for PCV2, 34 (43.0%) for PRRSV, 16 (20.3%) for both viruses and in 17 cases (21.5%) neither virus was detected. Twenty-eight out of 44 (63.6%) PCV2-positive cases had lymphoid depletion or granulomatous inflammation in at least one of the lymphoid tissues examined; thus, they were classified as PCV2 Systemic Diseases (PCV2-SD). In the remaining 16 out of 44 cases (36.4%), PCV2-positive lung lesions were associated with hyperplastic or normal lymphoid tissues, which showed PCV2-positive centrofollicular dendritic cells in at least one of the lymphoid tissues examined. Therefore, these cases were classified as PRDC/PCV2-positive. In the PCV2-positive animals, 42.9% of the PCV2-SD cases (12/28) showed immunohistochemistry (IHC) positivity for PRRSV in the lung tissue, while 25.0% of PRDC/PCV2-positive cases (4/16) showed double positivity for PCV2 and PRRSV.

Discussion

In light of the caseload presented in this study, characterized by the high proportion of PCV2-SD cases alongside the overall respiratory symptomatology, it is imperative to emphasize the crucial role of a comprehensive sampling protocol. This is critical to avoid underestimating the harm caused by PCV2 in farms, particularly with respect to the systemic form of the disease. PCV2 and PRRSV remain the primary infections associated with PRDC in Italy that can significantly impact farm health and co-infections in the field can worsen the pathology, thus the selection of appropriate preventive measures is critical.
Jet Fuel Price Risk and Proxy Hedging in Spot Markets: A Two-Tier Model Analysis
Authors: Samunderu Eyden
Published: August 2023

This paper applies a two-tier model based on fuel hedging (model 1) and the testing of the impact of commodity risk on airline capacity forecasting, which is based on a system dynamics framework (model 2). Model 1 provides a comprehensive examination of the worldwide airline industry, including an analysis of the statistical impact of oil price fluctuations on the sector and the corresponding hedging strategies employed by airlines. This study examines a sample of North American and European airlines over a 10-year timeframe to assess the degree to which these airlines have engaged in kerosene hedging for future periods and the potential impact of such hedging on their corporate value and performance. In model 2, the author integrates a capacity-forecasting model within the system dynamics framework, drawing upon the theory of capacity forecasting. The study examines the impact of commodity risk by analysing the influence of fluctuations in the jet fuel spot price on the average airfare and its subsequent effects on other interdependent capacity variables. The hypotheses presented in this study were formulated based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and a causal feedback loop diagram. The diagram effectively depicts the dynamic interrelationships between capacity forecasting and risk variables. Furthermore, the diagram capturing causal feedback loops was transformed into a stock-flow diagram. This diagram was then utilised to evaluate the hypotheses that were derived using a dataset that pertains to the domestic airline market in the United States. The verification of the qualitative and quantitative models demonstrates the proven impact of commodity risk on capacity forecasting.
Genome-Wide Characterization of Soybean Hexokinase Genes Reveals a Positive Role of GmHXK15 in Alkali Stress Response
Authors: Jiao Feng , Chen Yang , Zhang Dongdong , Wu Jinhua
Published: August 2023

Hexokinase (HXK) proteins catalyze hexose phosphorylation and are important for the sensing and signaling of sugar. In order to determine the roles played by HXKs in soybean growth and stress responsiveness, seventeen HXK genes (GmHXK1-17) were isolated and analyzed. The phylogenic analysis and subcellular location prediction showed that GmHXKs were clearly classified into type A (GmHXK1-4) and type B (GmHXK5-17). There were similar protein structures and conserved regions in GmHXKs to the HXKs of other plants. An expression analysis of the GmHXK genes in soybean organs or tissues demonstrated that GmHXK3 and GmHXK12, 15, and 16 were the dominant HXKs in all the examined tissues. In addition, salt, osmotic, and alkaline stress treatments dramatically increased the activity and transcripts of GmHXKs. There is the possibility that a type-B isoform (GmHXK15) plays a crucial role in soybean adaptation to alkali, as the expression levels of this isoform correlate well with the HXK enzyme activity. Based on an enzyme assay performed on recombinant plant HXK15 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli, we found that GmHXK15 had functional HXK activities. A further analysis indicated that GmHXK15 specifically targeted the mitochondria, and the overexpression of the GmHXK15 gene could significantly enhance the resistance of transgenic soybean to alkali stress. The present findings will serve as a basis for a further analysis of the function of the GmHXK gene family.
Hubungan Efikasi Diri dengan Kepatuhan Diet Rendah Garam dan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi Di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Kuta Utara
Authors: Sari Devia Pramita , Wiardani,SST.,M.Kes. Dr. Ni Komang , Sugiani,DCN.,M.Kes Pande Putu Sri
Published: August 2023

Efikasi diri adalah keyakinan individu terhadap kemampuannya untuk menghasilkan tindakan yang ingin dicapai. Efikasi diri yang rendah cenderung berpengaruh terhadap tidak patuhanya dalam melaksanakan diet rendah garam dan pengendalian tekanan darah yang tidak baik pada pasien Hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan Efikasi diri dengan kepatuhan diet rendah garam dan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Kuta Utara. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat observasi dengan desain “cross sectional”. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 42 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner General Self Efficacy Scale dan wawancara menggunakan formulir recall 2x24 jam. Data diolah dengan analisis statistik korelasi Rank Spearman. Dari 23 sampel yang patuh melaksanakan diet sebanyak 12 sampel (52,2%) memiliki efikasi diri tinggi dan dari 19 yang tidak patuh 13 sampel (68,4%) dengan tingkat efikasi diri rendah. Dari 18 sampel yang memiliki tekanan darah terkontrol sebanyak 10 sampel (55,5%) memiliki efikasi diri tinggi dan 24 sampel yang memiliki tekanana darah tidak terkontrol sebanyak 16 sampel (45,2%) dengan tingkat efikasi diri rendah. tariff segnifikan p = 0.05 diperoleh hasil p = 0,004, dan p = 0.05 diperoleh hasil p = 0,002. Disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan Efkasi Diri dengan Kepatuhan Diet Rendah Garam dan Tekanan Darah pada pasien hipertensi di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Kuta Utara.
La biografia de Melgary los aportes de Aurelio Miró Quesada
Authors: Mamani Macedo Porfîrio
Published: August 2023

« Biographie de Melgar. Les apports d'Aurelio Miré Quesada ».

Dans la période de la Guerre d'Indépendance du Pérou, la personnalité de Mariano Melgar (1790-1814) est une figure légendaire : poète devenu aussi héros du combat pour l'émancipation du Pérou. Les histoires de la littérature et les livres d'histoire soulignent surtout l'image du jeune écrivain entièrement placé sous l'influence du Pérou colonial dans la ville d'Arequipa, d'un hispanisme traditionnel.

L'essayiste Aurelio Miró Quesada a su faire ressortir les aspects originaux de la personnalité littéraire et tout autant son engagement volontaire dans le soulèvement de 1813 à Arequipa, son rôle actif les armes à la main et son patriotisme héroïque lorsque, prisonnier des Espagnols, ayant refusé de renier son idéal de Liberté, il est fusillé. Miró Quesada voit en lui à la fois l'esprit cultivé de ce temps, l'expression du processus de transculturation au Pérou au début de l'histoire nationale et l'élan patriotique.
Gönüllü Arama Kurtarma Ekiplerinin Orman Yangınlarındaki Tahliye Deneyimleri: 2021 Akdeniz Orman Yangınları
Authors: KÖÇER Musab Süleyman , ASLAN Ramazan
Published: August 2023

Tüm dünyada küresel iklim değişikliğinin de etkisiyle, sıklığı ve büyüklüğü artan orman yangınları her geçen gün daha fazla insan için risk oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle Türkiye açısından bu riskin ciddi bir afete dönüştüğü 2021 yılındaki orman yangınları ilk olarak 28 Temmuz’da Antalya/Manavgat’ta başlayıp birçok şehirde aynı anda devam ederek yaklaşık 15 gün kadar sürmüştür. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü’nün yayımlamış olduğu resmi istatistiklere göre bu yangınlar, yaklaşık 140 bin hektar alanın yanması ile son 33 yılın (1988-2021) en büyük afeti olarak nitelendirilir. Bu önemle mevcut çalışma; yönetim, müdahale ve organizasyon çalışmaları açısından dönüm noktası niteliğindeki 2021 yılı orman yangınlarının kümülatif açıdan değerlendirilmesini içerir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desen kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar ölçüt ve kartopu örnekleme tekniği ile belirlenmiştir. Ölçüt olarak, “Yangınlarda müdahale ve tahliye faaliyetlerine katılmış gönüllü arama kurtarma personeli olmak” alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Maxqda 2022 yazılımı ile tematik analize tabi tutulmuştur. Görüşmeler neticesinde orman yangınlarında tahliye faaliyetlerinin başarısının tahliye edilecek bireylerin mekânsal bağlılıkları, kurumlara güvensizlikleri ve ekonomik kaygıları gibi etkenlerden olumsuz etkilendiği saptanmıştır. Diğer bulgu ise yangın ve tahliye faaliyetlerinin arama kurtarma gönüllüleri üzerindeki etkileridir. Gönüllüler bu süreçte yaşamı tehdit edici tehlikeler ile karşılaşmış ve psikolojik olarak travmatik olaylara maruz kalmışlardır.
Farklı Yapay Sinir Ağları Yöntemlerini Deneysel Olarak Ölçülen Güneş Işınım Tahminine Etkisi
Authors: YILDIZ Enes , SERTTAŞ Fatih
Published: August 2023

Mevcut enerji rezervlerinin azalması, fotovoltaik güneş enerjili sistemleri popüler hale getirmiştir. Sistemin etkin bir şekilde işletilebilmesi için etkin bir şekilde yönetilmesi ve ışınımlarının başarılı şekilde tahmin edilmesi gerekmektedir. Çalışma; Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi bünyesinde saatlik olarak ölçülmüş bir yıllık güneş ışınım verisi (1*8760 boyutlu data seti) ve belirli saat aralıklarla (05:00 ile 14:00) ölçülen bir yıllık ışınım, basınç ve ortalama sıcaklık değerlerini içeren 3*7310 boyutlu data seti kullanılarak, Yapay Sinir Ağları temelli birden fazla modellerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci model; 1*8760 veri boyutuna sahip bir yıllık ışınım verisiyle, ikinci ve üçüncü model ise; günlük 10’ar saatlik kayıtlar altına alınan farklı girdi değerlerinin kullanılmasıyla oluşturulmuştur. Aynı tarihlerde aynı bölge için alınan farklı ölçüm değerleri ile yapay sinir ağları eğitilmiş ve performansları kıyaslanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmada birinci modelin başarı oranı %87,78, ikinci modelde başarı oranı %73, üçüncü modelde ise %71’dir. Çalışma; girdi verilerinin, gizli katmanda kullanılacak nöron sayısının ve kullanılacak eğitim fonksiyonunun önemine dikkat çekilmiştir.
A Perspective with in Silico Medicinal and Computational Methods to A New Schiff Base Molecule
Authors: ŞAHİN Songül , DEGE Necmi
Published: August 2023

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of a new Schiff base molecule, (E)-1-(5-nitro-2-(piperidin-1-yl) phenyl)-N-(4-phenoxyphenyl) methanimine, were aimed. In addition, the molecular surface area, crystalline structure, intermolecular forces, electronic and spectroscopic properties of the molecule were investigated. Docking studies were also performed on the active sites of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, and the docking result was compared with the efficacy of the native ligand N3 inhibitor. The main findings for the title molecule can be summarized as follows: The space group is P-1 and it crystallizes in the triclinic system. The unit cell consists of two monomeric units (Z=2). There are strong electrophilic attack sites in the molecule, but nucleophilic centers have low efficiency. According to the FMO analysis, the title compound is a soft, kinetically and chemically unstable and highly reactive material. The value of the binding free energy calculated by docking experiments (-9.28 kcal mol-1) is lower than that of the native inhibitor (-7.11 kcal/mol) and thus can be considered as a potential inhibitor candidate for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.
PPy/SbOx-SnO2 Anot Aktif Malzemesinin Tek Basamakta Elektrokimyasal Sentezi ve Süperkapasitör Uygulaması
Authors: ÇEKİÇ Meliha Gözde , KARACA Erhan , ÖZÇİÇEK PEKMEZ Nuran
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmada süperkapasitör anodu için pirol (Py), Sb(BF4)3 ve Sn(BF4)2 içeren TBABF4/asetonitril çözeltisinde (sentez çözeltisi) PPy, nano-SbOx ve nano-SnO2’nin eş zamanlı elektrokimyasal sentezi ile PPy/SbOx-SnO2 kompozit kaplı grafit elektrot hazırlandı. Çok döngülü dönüşümlü voltametri ile kalem ucu grafit elektrot yüzeyine sentezlenen kompozitin ve karşılaştırmak için PPy homopolimerinin elektrokimyasal özellikleri sulu 100 mM H2SO4 çözeltisinde CV, GCD ve EIS yöntemleri ile incelendi. 5 A g-1’de PPy/SbOx-SnO2 kompozit kaplı elektrodun spesifik kapasitansı 363,1 F g-1 iken PPy kaplı elektrodunki 304,7 F g-1’dır. FESEM, EDX, XRD ve XPS teknikleri kullanılarak grafit plaka yüzeyine sentezlenmiş PPy/SbOx-SnO2 kompozitinin karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirildi. Asimetrik süperkapasitör hücresi, anot aktif malzeme olarak grafit kağıt yüzeyinde PPy/SbOx-SnO2/CMC kompozit kaplama ve katot aktif malzeme olarak grafit kağıt yüzeyinde aktif karbon esaslı kaplama kullanılarak polivinil alkol (PVA)/H2SO4 jel elektroliti içinde hazırlandı. Burada mekanik dayanımını arttırmak için PPy/SbOx-SnO2 kompoziti CMC (karbosimetil selüloz) varlığında sentezlendi. Hücre, 2,5 A g-1’de 15,3 Wh kg-1 enerji yoğunluğu ve 1,77 kW kg-1 güç yoğunluğu sergiledi.
Evaluation of inhibitory potency of endemic Onion bulbs: Analysis of phenolic compounds and enzyme inhibition with the computational study
Authors: KISA Dursun
Published: August 2023

Numerous Allium species have been utilized in complementary medicine based on their biological activities. In the present work, the bulb extract of A. kastambulense was studied for its phenolic content and enzyme inhibition ability assisted by computer-aided molecular docking studies. The evaluation of enzyme inhibition activity of the bulb extract showed that it has 54.70±1.74 134.3±2.12 IC50 for six studied enzymes, respectively. In the reverse-phase HPLC analysis of methanol-chloroform bulb extract, catechin, chlorogenic acid, gentisic acid, vanillic acid, and apigenin were founded to be the represented group of phenolic components. Catechin flavonoid was extensively detected as the most abundant ingredient, and TPC and TFC were calculated at 6.86 ± 0.36 mg g− 1 and 3.22 ± 0.14 mg g− 1. Finally, the catechin ligand has low binding energy values against the studied enzymes with -5.778 - -8.872 kcal/mol.
Impact of insecticide resistance on the efficacy of malaria vector control
Authors:   , Barreaux Priscille
Published: August 2023

The entomological work required to characterize the effectiveness of vector control tools against insecticide-resistant mosquitoes is one of the highest priorities of contemporary malaria research. Yet, current methods for resistance monitoring and evaluation of vector control tools leave out the most important parameters for malaria transmission. Since longevity, blood feeding success and biting rate over the lifetime affect the ability of mosquitoes to transmit malaria, they should be an integral part of the evaluation of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) efficacy. In this thesis, the direct and delayed effects of the most widely distributed LLINs in Africa have been evaluated with resistant mosquitoes in Côte d’Ivoire. First, we quantified the impact of LLIN exposures on the capacity to survive several gonotrophic cycles and the benefices of taking one or more blood meals during the lifetime. Second, we studied several parameters influencing mosquito behavior in interaction with LLINs by comparing the condition of the mosquito net (damaged or not), access to the host (direct or indirect), choice between a protected or non-protected host, the distance from the host, different larval diets, and the ability to detect odors. In our laboratory studies, mosquitoes (pre-) exposed to a LLIN had reduced host searching and feeding activity. One of the mechanisms involved is probably the absence of odor detection by mosquitoes for a short period of time after an exposure to a LLIN. Nonetheless, semi-field experiments mitigated these results as the LLIN direct efficacy seemed to be compromised by resistance as it offered only slight personal protection. That being said, blood fed mosquitoes surviving a first sublethal dose of insecticide in the laboratory did not necessarily go through additional gonotrophic cycles, either because they died before that, or because of a lower ability to take further blood meals later in life. Besides, when mosquitoes missed a chance to feed, being blocked by an intact LLIN, their chance to take bloodmeals later in life was lower compared to mosquitoes having the opportunity to feed directly through a net upon their first attempt. However, given the nuances in the direct effect of insecticide on feeding success in laboratory and semi-field settings, caution is needed when translating the results of laboratory outputs into normative guidelines for testing the efficacy of LLINs. This is reinforced by the influence of the juvenile environment on the variability of adult mosquito behavior. Overall, this work demonstrates LLINs efficacy despite insecticide resistance and underlines the urgency of finding new standardized methods to monitor the sub-lethal effects on mosquitoes for a better understanding of the consequence of resistance on malaria transmission. It also stresses the need for a better consideration of the effect of insecticide on odor detection, host recognition and memory in the malaria vector.
Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case
Authors: KIRPIK Elif
Published: August 2023

Although the environmental criminology, which relates crime to environmental factors and argues that the environment is not a passive determinant of the onset, continuation or termination of crime, has been on the agenda of urban studies, the relationships between elements of the physical environment and crime have not yet been sufficiently studied through exploratory spatial statistics. In the light of crime theories such as Broken Windows Theory, Crime Pattern Theory and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design approach, this study aims to define and understand crime patterns by producing crime maps, visualizing spatial distributions, and testing the relationship between recurrent crimes in space and physical environmental elements.

With the field study carried out in Chicago, the spatial patterns and relationships between crime types and physical environment elements were analyzed using exploratory spatial statistical methods. All secondary data used in this research are open data and all analyses were carried out using Geographical Information Systems. Exploratory spatial data analyses using GIS are Average Nearest Neighbor, Optimized Hotspot Analysis, Spatial Autocorrelation (Global Moran's I) and Geographically Weighted Regression.

The analyses conducted in this study provided supporting evidence for theories of crime. The findings revealed that crimes tend to occur in close proximity to one another and cluster in specific neighborhoods and regions. This spatial concentration of crime supports the notion that criminals choose their locations intentionally or randomly. Furthermore, the study established a direct relationship between physical environmental elements and crime. Various physical factors such as inadequate street lighting, vacant and abandoned buildings, and sanitation code complaints were found to significantly contribute to the occurrence of crimes. These findings confirm the hypothesis that the deterioration of the physical environment can influence and contribute to increased criminal activity. Overall, the results of this study align with established theories of crime and provide empirical evidence for the significance of the physical environment in shaping criminal behavior.
PROBLEMS OF LENDING TO MICRO-ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW
Authors: ZABCHUK Halyna , IVASHCHUK Olha , SENIV Bogdan
Published: August 2023

Introduction. As a result of the full-scale war with the Russian Federation, micro-enterprises in Ukraine have been negatively affected by factors related to the hostilities, which have led to a deterioration in their financial and economic condition and an increase in credit risks, which limited access to bank lending for micro-businesses. Given the prolongation of the war and the gradual decline in the purchasing power of the population, micro-enterprises will need state credit support to preserve their businesses and create conditions for their development during the post-war reconstruction period. Therefore, in the theory and practice of bank lending to micro-enterprises, the issue of finding effective mechanisms for credit support for micro-businesses under martial law is becoming relevant.

The purpose of the article is to investigate the problems of micro-business lending under martial law in Ukraine and to develop scientifically based proposals for improving the policy of bank lending to small enterprises.

Results. The article analyzes current trends in bank lending to micro-enterprises in Ukraine under martial law. The author substantiates three groups of key problems that negatively affected the dynamics and timing of bank lending to micro-businesses, namely: ineffective monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine in the context of combating supply-side inflation; increased credit risks due to hostilities and deteriorating macroeconomic conditions; and gaps in the State program ‘Affordable Loans 5-7-9 %. Based on the assessment of the identified problems of bank lending to micro-enterprises in Ukraine, the paper substantiates measures to intensify it under martial law and given the need to develop the processing industry, production infrastructure, and support for family farming as a type of micro-business.

Conclusions. The article proposes to solve the existing problems of micro-enterprise lending by revising the NBU's interest rate policy in the context of combating non-monetary inflation by monetary methods, which requires a reduction in interest rates, primarily on deposit certificates, to release funds for targeted lending to micro-businesses. The areas of micro-business lending under the existing state program ‘Affordable Loans 5-7-9’ also need to be expanded by targeting funds for the development of the processing industry, micro-business production infrastructure, and family farming, which will ultimately increase the level of local economic development, increase the number of jobs and ensure the well-being of the Ukrainian population.
LITERATURE REVIEW: PERAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DALAM MENINGKATKAN CITRA POSITIF BANK SYARIAH DI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Aisah Citra Ayu  , Intan Nur Fadillah  , Robiatul Adawiyah  , Anis Fadhilah Pramono
Published: August 2023

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one of the public relations strategies that can be used to create a positive image of the company in the eyes of stakeholders. Companies are expected to implement CSR programs, particularly in the Islamic banking sector. For companies in the field of Islamic banking, the implementation of CSR programs becomes increasingly important as it reflects the company's commitment to applying Islamic economic principles based on Islamic values. This research aims to gather and analyze articles related to the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in enhancing the positive image of Islamic banks in society. The research method used is a literature review. The databases Google Scholar and Neliti.com were searched from 2016 to 2023 using keywords such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Company Image / Brand Image. By employing the Literature Review method, the results obtained by the author show that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plays a crucial role in improving the image of Islamic banking institutions in Indonesia. The implementation of CSR has a positive and significant impact on the public's perception of Islamic banking institutions and represents a long-term investment that ensures sustainable existence for Islamic banks in Indonesia in the future.
EFEKTIFITAS DUPONT ANALYSIS UNTUK MENILAI PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI JIWA NASIONAL
Authors: I Nyoman Winata
Published: August 2023

This research aims to analyze the description of the financial condition of the DuPont analysis of national life insurance companies, and to analyze the impact of the financial condition of DuPont analysis on the performance of national life insurance companies. The data is taken from financial reports for 4 (four) years from 2016 - 2019, which have been published which are data before the Covid-19 pandemic, via the website of each company. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach on 10 (ten) national life insurance companies that have assets of more than IDR 1 trillion. The research samples are Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Total Assets Turn Over (TATO), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Debt Ratio (DR). Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out by: tabulating data, performing calculations and grouping DuPont analysis, interpreting to determine the level of company profitability, and drawing conclusions on the results achieved. The results of the study show that the financial condition of national life insurance companies using DuPont analysis is generally less effective and efficient. The company has not utilized its resources fully, effectively and efficiently in terms of achieving maximum sales results, and the company still uses a lot of debt for its investment.

Keywords: Effectiveness, DuPont Analysis, and Profitability
Gaitmap - An Open Ecosystem for IMU-based Human Gait Analysis and Algorithm Benchmarking
Authors: Küderle Arne
Published: August 2023

Goal: Gait analysis using inertial measurement units (IMUs) has emerged as a promising method for monitoring movement disorders. However, the lack of public data and algorithms hinders method comparison and clinical application development. To address these challenges, this publication introduces the gaitmap ecosystem, a comprehensive set of open source Python packages for gait analysis using foot-worn IMUs. Methods: This initial release includes over 20 state-of-the-art algorithms, enables easy access to seven datasets, and provides eight benchmark challenges with reference implementations. Together with its extensive documentation and tooling, it enables rapid development and validation of new algorithm and provides a foundation for novel clinical applications. Conclusion: The published software projects represent a pioneering effort to establish an open-source ecosystem for IMU-based gait analysis. We believe that this work can democratize the access to high-quality algorithm and serve as a driver for open and reproducible research in the field of human gait analysis and beyond.
Morphometric analysis of glenoid cavity in adult human scapulae and its clinical importance
Authors: Syed Midhat , Syed Farah , Syed Masooma Syed
Published: August 2023

Background: The glenoid cavity of scapula is quite small, which allows space for only limited fixation devices. Appropriate fixation of the glenoid component of shoulder is of key importance in total shoulder arthroplasty to prevent loosening, which is a common indication of revision surgery. Orthopedic surgeons and prosthetic designers must have a thorough understanding of the glenoid’s dimensions and shape, in order to create the finest feasible prosthesis. Aims and objectives: To determine the glenoid cavity index (GCI) and the form of the glenoid cavity, as well as the supero-inferior diameter, shortest antero-posterior diameter, and longest antero-posterior diameter. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 50 dry unpaired adult human scapulae of North Indian population obtained from GMC, Srinagar. All the important morphometric parameters were studied using a vernier calliper. Result: Supero-inferior diameter, shortest antero-posterior diameter, and longest antero-posterior diameter were found to have respective mean values of 35.06 mm, 15.8074 mm, and 23.3814 mm. Glenoid cavity index had a mean value of 66.68. 42% of the glenoid cavities had an inverted comma shape, 36% had a pear shape, and 22% had an oval shape. Conclusion: The results showed that mean supero-inferior diameter of glenoid is about 35mm while the average prosthesis for shoulder arthroplasty in the market starts from 40mm. This suggests that while developing and fitting glenoid components for total shoulder arthroplasty in the North Indian population, it may be necessary to take into account the smaller dimensions of the glenoid cavities.
The Salafia embalming formula: do it well or don’t do it at all
Authors: Bianucci Raffaella , Donell Simon T. , Galassi Francesco M. , Lanza Tiziana , Mattutino Grazia , Nerlich Andreas G. , Sineo Luca
Published: August 2023

Medical imaging allows non-invasive investigation of human remains. While paleoimaging is undoubtedly necessary in mummy studies, it is intrinsically limited in the sense that it cannot provide mummy experts with information on the chemical composition of the embalming substances. This holds particularly true for modern embalmed mummies (19th-20th centuries). Since the end of the 19th century, cadavers were arterially injected with chemicals which varied depending on different methods. One of those embalming methods was Salafia’s, which was much advertised in the USA. Since attempts at experimental reproduction of the Salafia method are planned by our team, a re-examination of the published literature on the formula was made. Here we provide evidence that an error in unit conversion from gallons to litres occurred and that the same mistake was repeated in the majority of the published English literature with a single exception which went unnoticed. Furthermore, we provide English speaking embalmers and mummy scholars with the complete and correct translation of the original version of Salafia’s formula.
Special issue on “Anatomical radiology and morphological studies applied to radiological and palaeoradiological contexts”
Authors: Galassi Francesco Maria , Varotto Elena , Vaccarezza Mauro , Papa Veronica
Published: August 2023

(editorial)
Detection of Candida species isolated from immunocompromised patients in AL-Najaf province
Authors: Razzaq majjed Taif , Adel Mona , Al-Amer Ali
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT    Study was carried out to examine phenotyping as a means of identifying of fungal species isolated by those who suffer from Thalassemia in the province of Al-Najaf and to assess function Inhibition of Some Antifungal Agents (Nystatin and Amphotericin B). Fifty samples, including oral swabs, were taken from the AL-Zahraa Teaching Hospitel in the AL Najaf province between October and November 2021, but only 14 showed good growth.  All samples were cultured in the Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Medical Technologies at the Islamic college of Najaf, I plated them first on Sabouraud dextrose agar, and then on chromagar medium. to identify the species of Candida based on colony color. On chromagar medium, the results read as follows: C.albicans 10, C.parapsilosis 3, and C. tropicalis 1. Candida albicans' virulence factor production, including the formation of germ tubes, the formation of biofilms, and the production of phospholipase enzymes, was examined in this research. All virulence factors, such as germ tubes, biofilms, and the phospholipase enzyme, are produced by C. albicans, as evidenced by the culture findings.

This research used a disk diffusion technique to describe the effects of the antifungal drugs nystatin and amphotercin B on the yeast species Candida. Based on these results, Amphotercin B is preferable to Nystatin for treating Candida spp..
Phylogenetic Relationships among some Species of the Genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae) in Kurdistan-Rgeion Iraq
Authors: Hussein Hasan Hiwa , Abdulaziz Husain Shilan , Shakur Sardar Abdullah , Muhammad Hamasalih Rebwar
Published: August 2023

Phylogenetic hypotheses for the large cosmopolitan genus Hypericum (St. John’s wort) have previously been based on morphology, and molecular studies have thus far included only a few species. In this study, we used Eight taxa representing 2 sections of the genus Hypericum were analyzed along with one representatives of Thornea calcicola using nuclear internal transcribed spacer ITS and 28SrRNA sequences in order to assess the scope of phylogenetic relationships in this species-rich genus. The resulting parsimony analysis and Bayesian Inference corroborates the actual classification and interspecific affinities. The molecular data provide support for the monophyletic assemblage of the sections in both ITS and 28SrRNA regions trees shows four different clades with minimum changes between species location in both tree. We used Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian approach to reconstruct ancestral states of selected characters, which resulted in recognition of characters that support major clades within the genus Hypericum. The obtained results encourage the use of ITS and 28SrRNA sequence analysis in resolving the phylogenetic relationships within the member rich genus Hypericum. Our results differ somewhat from those of recent morphological and cytological studies. The phylogenetic relationships among Hypericum species have now been mostly resolved via 28SrRNA phylogeny.
HEAVY METAL BIOREMEDIATION BY ALGAE: A REVIEW OF REMOVAL METHODS, BY-PRODUCT RECOVERY, OBSTACLES, AND POTENTIAL FUTURE APPLICATIONS.
Authors: Kadhum Lafta Alzurfi Sadiq , Jameel Mushtaq Khitam
Published: August 2023

Due to the constant discharge of many pollutants into the aquatic environment, water pollution is a major environmental concern on a global level. The treatment of heavy metals found in wastewater has attracted attention to novel technologies in recent years. The utilization of biological processes has been investigated because they are dependable, straightforward, and eco-friendly. Through this review, the researchers attempt to disseminate information regarding the environmental dangers posed by heavy metals, the function of bioremediators employed in heavy metal processing, the many microalgae strains utilized for heavy metal removal, and their modes of action for remediation. Different external and intracellular processes are used by diverse microalgae species to remove heavy metals. In-depth discussion is provided on the assessment of microalgae's processing potential and the usage of biochar generated from algae in the removal of heavy metals. It is obvious that bioremediation of heavy metals alone is not a viable business plan. As a result, additional work is being done to create integrated treatment plans to make this procedure more affordable and long-lasting. This review describes recent developments in the use of microalgae for heavy metal therapy. Additionally, the challenges that must be met in order to improve this process efficiency, economy, sustainability, and cleanliness are covered. From the comments in this review, it can be inferred that bioremediation can be crucial to the sustainable processing of heavy metals and the development of the bio-economy.
Consequences of Antepartum Haemorrhage and its Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Md. Alauddin Md. Alauddin , Khatun Mst. Marfia , Mollika Sadia Sultana , Sharmin Farhana
Published: August 2023

Background: Antepartum haemorrhage is defined as bleeding per vaginum occurring after the fetus has reached the period of viability, its 20 weeks in developed countries and 28 weeks in developing countries. We evaluated the consequences of antepartum haemorrhage, their perinatal outcome to outline the proper management of neonate in order to improve perinatal morbidity and mortality. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 250 Bedded General Hospital, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh from January to June 2022. APH fulfilling the inclusion criteria were studied. Data was recorded on the MS excel sheet for further analysis and processing. Results: Total 4595 deliveries were conducted, 150 cases ie 3.26% presented as APH. Placenta previa was most common. APH was commonly associated with multigravida in age group of 26-30 years. Maximum number of patients (40%) were in age group 26-30 years. In this study 71.3% patients were multigravida and 23.8% primigravida. Placenta previa was commonly associated with multigravidas whereas abruption was commonly seen in primigravidae. Mean gavidity was 2.24±1.17. Booking rate was 82%. Most cases of APH with placenta previa were seen in lower class and upper lower class of Modified Kuppuswamy classification. Risk factors included previous LSCS and D&C, hypertension, multiple pregnancies and malpresentations. Most patients underwent preterm LSCS. Fetal complications were due to prematurity. Overall perinatal mortality was 20.1%. Conclusion: Early diagnoses, timely referrals and transfusion facilities along with trained team of doctors with well-equipped ICU facility go a long way in avoiding APH related fetal complications.
Role of Extended Anti-Tubercular Therapy Course Duration in Slowly Responsive or Non-Responsive Tubercular Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Al-Mamun Sk. Abdullah , Liton Md. Assaduzzaman , Rifat Mahmud Asif , Alberuni Abu Raihan , Haque Md. Anwarul
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Tubercular cervical lymphadenopathy (TCL) remains a significant health concern, particularly in developing countries. The effectiveness of extended anti-tubercular therapy in slowly responsive or non-responsive TCL cases is a subject of ongoing debate. This study aimed to assess the role of extended anti-tubercular therapy course duration in such cases and to explore the need for alternative treatment strategies. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 4 years, from January 2019 to January 2023, at the Department of ENT & Head Neck Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The initial sample size of 189 TCL patients was narrowed down to 125 slow or non-responsive patients after 6 months of standard treatment. Various characteristics such as swelling type, swelling size, and swollen node were analyzed, and the response rate to standard medication was assessed. Result: The study revealed that 90.40% had swelling sizes of 3 cm or less, with limited changes in nodal size over time, and only 16.80% reaching a nodal size of less than 10 mm after a year. The response rate to medication was 33.86% after 6 months and 46.56% after a year, with 19.58% still showing a slow response. The swelling size shifted from 51.32% being less than or equal to 3 cm initially to 70.27% being greater than 3 cm after a year, suggesting that continuing medication might not be effective for a significant number of non/slow-responsive TCL cases. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the limitations of extended standard treatment for TCL and emphasize the need for personalized approaches, possibly including surgical intervention. The evidence presented calls for further research to explore alternative strategies and a reevaluation of current treatment guidelines, prioritizing patient outcomes and responsiveness to therapy.
Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Treated with Two-Phase Orthodontic Approach
Authors: Rjili Riadh , Tobji Samir , Amor Wiem Ben , Dallel Ines , Amor Adel Ben
Published: August 2023

Enhancing facial aesthetics is a primary motivation for individuals with class II division 1 malocclusion seeking orthodontic treatment. Among the different techniques available to treat Class II malocclusions, a two-phase approach involving functional jaw orthopedics and fixed orthodontic treatment is commonly employed. In this case report, we present the treatment of a young male patient with a Class II Division 1 malocclusion. In the initial phase, the patient underwent growth modification and correction of overjet, overbite, and profile using the Andresen activator. Subsequently, a fixed orthodontic appliance was utilized in the second phase to achieve well-aligned arches and enhance both aesthetics and functionality.