bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of healthcare provided to diabetic patients during the Syrian crisis in Damascus (Health awareness, Drug therapy, Therapeutic follow-up)
Authors: Alchatti Omar , Shamaa Majd , Al-Fawaris Ma'moun , Hammoud Taghrid
Published: August 2022

Background: This study aims to assess the level of health care for patients with diabetes in Damascus during the Syrian crisis by studying the level of health awareness and its relationship to the levels of Hemoglobin A1c, and studying the availability of drug therapy and the quality of treatment follow-up provided for patients. Methods and materials: A descriptive cross-sectional study, that used a paper questionnaire filled out by means of a mini interview, the sample was selected from patients with diabetes who were in the outpatient department of Damascus Hospital and the endocrinology clinic at the Martyr Bassam Abboud Medical Center. Results: The study included 385 patients (56.6% males and 43.4% females) and 48.05% of the participants were in the age group of 40–60 years. The level of health awareness among patients was good, especially with regard to information about the role of diet and exercise in diabetes, knowledge of interpreting the results of blood sugar tests and methods to prevent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia attacks. No relationship was found between the high level of health awareness and decreased values ​​of Hemoglobin A1C in the participants. 74.3% of the participants expressed that they do not face difficulties in order to acquire treatment, as they used to get it for free from health centers. The majority of patients checked their blood sugar level continuously and checked the levels of Hemoglobin A1c, kidney function tests, lipids and cholesterol levels periodically. Conclusion: The level of health awareness for diabetic patients in Damascus is generally average, and there are no difficulties in securing treatment for the majority of patients, and the therapeutic follow-up of the disease was at a high level, as laboratory tests required for diabetes are carried out periodically and regularly.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader IGF2BP1 facilitates clear-cell renal cell carcinoma aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Yuan Bao , Zhou Jin
Published: August 2022

It has been reported that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is mainly involved in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumorigenesis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of m6A reader IGF2BP1 involved in ccRCC tumor energy metabolism are currently unknown. Results showed that the m6A reader IGF2BP1 exhibited significantly higher expression in ccRCC cells. Functionally, results by gainloss functional assay indicated that IGF2BP1 promoted the glucolytic characteristics, including glucose uptake, lactate production and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Mechanistically, IGF2BP1 recognizes the m6A modified sites on LDHA mRNA and enhances its mRNA stability, thereby accelerating tumor energy metabolism. Thus, our work reveals a novel facet of the m6A that promotes mRNA stability and highlights the functional importance of IGF2BP1 as m6A readers in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
N6-methyladenine demethylase ALKBH5 alleviates cardiomyocytes apoptosis via modulating m6A/SIRT1 manner
Authors: Liu Liangliang , Liu Zhen
Published: August 2022

Recent studies have shown that the potential regulatory role of N6-methyladenine (m6A) modification may affect the occurrence and development of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of m6A modification on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) is rarely reported. A mice model of myocardial I/R was established by ligation and perfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and a cellular model of H/R was conducted in cardiomyocytes (CMs). We found that the protein expression of ALKBH5 in myocardial tissues and cells were decreased, accompanied by increased m6A modification levels. Overexpression of ALKBH5 significantly inhibited H/R induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in CMs. Mechanistically, deacetylases Sirtuin-1(SIRT1), a master regulator of oxidative stress, apoptosis and endothelial function genes, at enriched m6A motif in the 3’-UTR, which promotes the stability of SIRT1 mRNA. Furthermore, overexpression or knockdown of SIRT1 confirmed the protective effect of SIRT1 on H/R induced CMs apoptosis. Together, our study reveals a critical mechanism between ALKBH5-medicated m6A and CM apoptosis, supplying an important regulating effect of m6A methylation in ischemic heart disease.
Power-Up Stable CMOS DC Offset Cancellation Circuit for Programmable Gain Lowpass Filters
Authors: Yesil Ercem , Zencir Ertan
Published: August 2022

In this study, a 5th-order active-RC lowpass filter with a power-up stable DC offset cancellation (DCOC) circuit is designed. The filter achieves a 120 MHz cutoff frequency with a 4-bit programmable 0-18 dB gain. The DCOC circuit is utilized for the last stage of the filter and can compensate for a 3σ, 128 mV offset voltage to 1.2 mV in the maximum gain setting. The settling time of the DCOC circuit is approximately 50 μs. DCOC introduces a 46 kHz and 11.3 kHz lower cutoff frequencies for maximum and minimum gain settings respectively. The design is realized in the commercial ST 130 nm PD SOI process, and the main supply voltage is 1.2 V along with 1.8 V utilized in a section of DCOC. The total power consumption of the design is 21 mW with a 590 μs x 280 μs active layout area for the design.
Da Vinci robot-assisted pylorus- and vagus nerve-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: A single-center study
Authors: Fan Yichuan , Wei Maohua , Zhang Chi , Liang Pin , Hu Xiang
Published: August 2022

Background
This study aimed to assess the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of robot-assisted pylorus- and vagus nerve-preserving gastroplasty (RA[PPG]), using the da Vinci Surgical System, compared with those of laparoscopy-assisted PPG (LAPPG).
Methods
Clinical and follow-up data of patients who underwent PPG were retrospectively analyzed, which included 14 RAPPG and 21 LAPPG cases. The histological data, surgical results, postoperative recovery, and complication rates were compared between the two groups; the surgical experience was also summarized.
Results
The operation time was slightly longer in the RAPPG group (309.3 ± 59.9 vs. 236.2 ± 36.5 min, P < 0.05), but this group had less intraoperative bleeding. The length of the preserved pyloric canal, number of dissected lymph nodes, postoperative recovery, and overall complication rates were not significantly different. The proportion of delayed gastric emptying and acid reflux symptoms in the LAPPG group was slightly greater than that in the RAPPG group.
Conclusion
The da Vinci Surgical System is a safe and feasible way to control the postoperative gastric emptying speed and to effectively reduce reflux.
Preserving the medial arm of the iliofemoral ligament in total hip arthroplasty using the anterolateral approach: A retrospective analysis of patient-reported outcome measure with 2 years follow-up
Authors: Harada Yoshifumi , Yamamoto Yuji , Oishi Kazuki , Inoue Ryo , Akaishi Koichi , Ishibashi Yasuyuki
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Iliofemoral ligament (ILFL) is a capsular ligament located in the anterosuperior part of the hip joint capsule and contributes to hip joint stability. The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative outcomes of resecting and preserving the medial arm of the ILFL in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the anterolateral approach.
Methods
Patients with unilateral hip joint disease were selected, including 26 in the resection group and 23 in the preservation group. As a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire was administered at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively.
Results
The visual analog scale of satisfaction about the hip was significantly higher in the preservation group than in the resection group at 3 months (93.9 vs 80.8, P = 0.005), 6 months (94.3 vs 80.3, P = 0.001), and 1 year (94.0 vs 82.1, P = 0.001) postoperatively. The pain score of PROM was significantly superior in the preservation group than in the resection group at 3 months (25.2 vs 22.2, P = 0.024), 6 months (25.9 vs 21.8, P < 0.001), and 1 year (25.3 vs 21.8, P = 0.004) postoperatively. The mental score of PROM was significantly superior in the preservation group than in the resection group at 3 months (21.1 vs 17.7, P = 0.032), 6 months (23.3 vs 20.7, P = 0.038), and 1 year (23.3 vs 20.5, P = 0.027) postoperatively.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of preserving the medial arm of the ILFL in THA using the anterolateral approach for improvement of PROMs for 1 year postoperatively.
A narrow host-range and lack of persistence in non-target insect species of symbiotic bacteria exploited to deliver insecticidal RNAi in Western Flower Thrips
Authors: Whitten Miranda M.A. , Xue Qi , Taning Clauvis Nji Tizi , James Reuben , Smagghe Guy , Sol Ricardo Del , Dyson Paul
Published: August 2022

Insecticidal RNAi is a targeted pest insect population control measure. The specificity of insecticidal RNAi can theoretically be enhanced by using symbiotic bacteria with a narrow host range to deliver RNAi, an approach termed symbiont-mediated RNAi (SMR), a technology we have previously demonstrated in the globally-invasive pest species Western Flower Thrips (WFT). Here we determine a very limited distribution of the two predominant bacterial symbionts of WFT, BFo1 and BFo2, among genome-sequenced insects. Moreover, we have challenged two non-target insect species with both bacterial species, namely the pollinating European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, and an insect predator of WFT, the pirate bug Orius laevigatus. Our data indicate that whereas BFo1 could establish itself in both these non-natural hosts, albeit with no significant effects on insect fitness, BFo2 was unable to persist in either species. In terms of biosafety, these data, together with the more specific growth requirements for BFo2, vindicate the choice of this species for precision pest management of WFT using SMR.
Laparoscopic versus robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Comparison of outcomes of a single surgeon
Authors: Estrela João Rafael Libório , Ziomkowski Alexandre Azevedo , Leão Nilo Jorge , Fernandes Laís Araújo , Gomes Perlla Cerqueira Couto , Calazans Leonardo
Published: August 2022

Objective
To compare the functional and oncological results of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and RALP performed by a single surgeon.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent LRP and RALP performed by a single surgeon between June 2017 and April 2020 and were followed-up for 12 months. The Da Vinci ® robotic system was used for all surgeries. The potency, continence, surgical margins, postoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, and surgical complications were compared.
Results
The cohort included 156 patients: 103 and 53 patients underwent RALP and LRP, respectively. We found that RALP were superior to LRP with respect to potency in all periods analyzed. At 3 months, 60% of the patients in the RALP group were potent, and this proportion rose to 87.1% at the end of one year, versus 36.6% and 66.7% at the corresponding periods in the LRP group. No statistical differences were observed in the surgical margins, post-operative PSA, or continence.
Conclusion
The comparison of the RALP and LRP performed by the same surgeon revealed the superiority of the former over the latter, with respect to the postoperative sexual potency. There was no difference in the continence rates, surgical margin, or persistence of disease.
Changes in IL-27 and its effect on CD4 + T cells in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Cai Yifan , Tang Hongxia , Tang Wenjuan , Xu Wenbin , Wang Yue , Ding Yan , Yu Jian , Pan Chengliang , Li Zhiyang , Peng Yudong , Zhu Ruirui , Yu Kunwu , Zeng Qiutang , Zhong Yucheng
Published: August 2022

Objective：Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an immune-mediated chronic disease, and interleukin-27(IL-27) regulates CD4+ T cell differentiation. However, little is known about its effects on CAD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the changes of IL-27 and its effect on CD4+ T cells in patients with CAD.Methods: The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed by Gensini score, and the concentrations of plasma IL-27, ox-LDL were measured by ELISA. qRT-PCR and Western Blotting (WB) were performed to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of T-bet, IFN-γ, GATA-3, and RORγt. After monocytes were stimulated with recombinant IL-2 and/or IL-27, CD4+IFN-γ+T cells, CD4+IL-4+T cells, CD4+IL-17+T cells, CD4+LAP+T cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were counted by flow cytometry. Results: Plasma IL-27 levels were significantly elevated in patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). IL-27 levels were positively correlated with ox-LDL and Gensini scores (P < 0.01) and ox-LDL levels were positively correlated with Gensini scores (P < 0.01). The more severe the stenosis in CAD patients, the more Th1 and Th17 cells, and the less Th2, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs and CD4+LAP+T cells. IL-27 can increase the expression of T-bet and IFN-γ, and inhibit the expression of RORγt and GATA-3, and finally promote the differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th1 cells, and inhibit the differentiation of Th2, Th17, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs and CD4+LAP+T cells.Conclusion: IL-27 regulates CAD by increasing the expression of T-bet and IFN-γ and inhibiting the expression of RORγt and GATA-3, thereby increasing the frequency of Th1 cells and decreasing the frequency of Th2, Th17, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs and CD4+LAP+T cells.
Differences in short-term outcomes after right and left sided colorectal resections for colorectal cancer may indicate a need for modification of ERAS protocol elements
Authors: Mantoo Surendra Kumar , Goh Serene
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Our study aims to compare postoperative bowel function recovery between standard right and left sided colorectal resections and explore the need to modify ERAS protocol for right sided colonic resections.Methods: data from a prospective database of elective right colonic resections (RCR) and left colorectal resections (LCR) between January 2016 to December 2019 was analyzed. Primary outcome was to compare return of bowel function and development of post-operative ileus between RCR and the LCR groups. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, post-operative complications, 30-day re-admission, and re-operation rates.Results: Of 193 eligible patients, 72 (37.3%) were in RCR group while 171 (62.7%) were in LCR group. Laparoscopic approach was used in (41/72) 56.9% of RCR group and (90/121) 74.4% in the LCR group. Time to escalation to low residue diet was 4.29 (1-18) days in RCR vs 2.89 (1-16) days in LCR group, p=0.001. Time to flatus was 3.07 (1-12) days in RCR group and 2.44 (1-6) days in LCR group, p=0.008. 21(29.2%) patients in RCR and 16 (13.2%) in LCR groups had postoperative ileus, p=0.007. Male sex and right colonic resections were found to be significant and independent risk factors for post-operative ileus after uni- and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Right colonic resections are associated with delayed postoperative bowel function even after high compliance with ERAS protocol. Modification of ERAS protocol elements related to postoperative feeding and addition of new interventions may help to avoid delayed bowel function recovery.
Development and validation of a multiparametric semi-quantitative scoring system for the histopathological assessment of ischaemia severity in skeletal muscle.
Authors: Sanz-Nogués Clara , Creane Michael , Hynes Sean O. , Chen Xizhe , O’Brien Timothy
Published: August 2022

Background. Skeletal muscle is one of the most abundant and dynamic tissues of the body, with a strong regenerative capacity. Muscle injuries can occur as a result of a variety of events, including tissue ischaemia. Lower limb ischaemia occurs when there is an insufficient nutrient and oxygen supply, often caused by stenosis of the arteries due to atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a multiparametric scoring tool for assessing ischaemia severity in skeletal muscle in a commonly used pre-clinical animal model.Methods. Tissue ischaemia was surgically induced in mice by ligation and excision of the femoral artery. Calf muscles were carefully dissected and prepared for histological analysis and scored for inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis, adipocyte (fat) infiltration and muscle fibre degeneration/regeneration. Tissue samples from calf muscles from 70 mice were scored by three independent blinded operators. Kendell’s coefficient of concordance (W) was used to measure agreement among the three observers and for intra-rater agreement. Spearman’s rank-order correlation was used to assess the association between the cumulative ischaemia severity score (cISS) and calf muscle weights.Results. Kendall’s W showed a very good agreement between the appraisers when scoring each individual histological feature: inflammation (W = 0.92 p-value 0.000), fibrosis (W = 0.94 p-value 0.000), necrosis (W = 0.77 p-value 0.000), adipocyte infiltration (W = 0.91 p-value 0.000) and fibre degeneration/regeneration (W = 0.86 p-value 0.000). Intra-rater agreement was also excellent (W = 0.94 or more, p-value 0.000). There was a statistically significant negative direct association between the level of muscle ischaemia damage (defined by the cISS) and the calf muscle weight (r= -0.86; R2adj.= 75.7% p-value 0.000).Conclusion. Here, we have developed and validated a new multiparametric, semi-quantitative scoring system for assessing skeletal muscle damage due to ischaemia, with excellent inter- and intra-rater reproducibility. This scoring system can be used for assessing treatment efficacy in a pre-clinical model of hindlimb ischaemia.
Effects of Forkhead Box D1 (FOXD1) on renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Mengshan , Li Na , Qin Jiang , Hu Adam K
Published: August 2022

Renal cell carcinoma is a common malignancy, and the treatment is not totally effective. Studies suggest that FOXD1 may be a critical determinant of tumor biology. Our study aims to identify the key genes and signaling to find the potential targets for the FOXD1-regulated renal cell carcinoma. In our study, we analyzed the RNA-seq data of Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with the knockout of FOXD1 and identified the transcriptional landscapes. We then introduced the gene enrichment methods including KEGG and GO to further analyze the potential signaling pathways. Additionally, we constructed the PPI network and Reactome map to further identified the biological processes. We found that the PI3K − Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway are the major signaling pathways in the FOXD1 knockout renal carcinoma cells. We identified the top ten interactive genes including TP53, ERBB2, CXCL8, CD44, MMP9, CCL2, ICAM1, HIF1A, FGF2, and CSF2. Our study provided new insights into the mechanisms for FOXD1-regulated renal cell carcinoma.
The regional case for disruptive energy policy: a civic energy perspective
Authors: McGovern Gerard
Published: August 2022

The paper deploys a regional actor perspective to detect policy enablers of and barriers to the uptake of civic energy. In common with other forms of regional, decentralized energy, the civic energy concept not only challenges historical energy business models but changes the energy agenda to prioritize community development and climate issues. Energy policy needs to react by shifting from purely market regulations to the promotion of shared community energy solutions. Both current energy structures and mainstream policy are unsuited to deliver on widely recognized energy transition and sustainable development goals. Switching from a centralized to a decentralized energy mode is viewed as a major re-structuring of a socio-technical regime. In a series of expert interviews, two disruptive policy approaches, creative destruction and experimentation, are analysed as to whether they can contribute to overcoming path dependency and carbon lock-in. Over and above dismantling existing administrative and legislative restrictions on civic energy uptake, experimentation is needed to develop new community partnerships that can host civic energy initiatives and mobilize untapped local energy resources. Whereas the fossil versus renewable energy policy debate seems to have been won, the shift from centralized to decentralized systems threatens existing power structures and remains highly contentious.
Computing associators of endomorphism fusion categories
Authors: Barter Daniel , Bridgeman Jacob , Wolf Ramona
Published: August 2022

Many applications of fusion categories, particularly in physics,
require the associators or FF-symbols
to be known explicitly. Finding these matrices typically involves
solving vast systems of coupled polynomial equations in large numbers of
variables. In this work, we present an algorithm that allows associator
data for some category with unknown associator to be computed from a
Morita equivalent category with known data. Given a module category over
the latter, we utilize the representation theory of a module tube
category, built from the known data, to compute this unknown associator
data. When the input category is unitary, we discuss how to ensure the
obtained data is also unitary. We provide several worked examples to
illustrate this algorithm. In addition, we include several Mathematica
files showing how the algorithm can be used to compute the data for the
Haagerup category \mathcal{H}_1ℋ1,
whose data was previously unknown.
CEO educational backgrounds and non-GAAP earnings disclosures
Authors: Hsu Hui-Wen
Published: August 2022

Non-GAAP earnings have received attention recently. Existing literature suggests CEOs’ educational backgrounds affect the financial reporting quality. Thus, the paper analyzes whether the educational background of CEOs affects the disclosure of non-GAAP earnings. Using logit regression to examine the probability of non-GAAP earnings disclosures, this study finds the coefficient value of MBA is 0.4171, which suggests that CEOs with an MBA degree are more likely to disclose non-GAAP earnings than other CEOs. In addition, the moderating effect of audit committee quality on the association between CEO educational backgrounds and non-GAAP earnings disclosures is investigated. The coefficient value of MBA×ACC_QUA is –2.809, which suggests that audit committee quality negatively moderates a positive association between MBA-holding CEOs and non-GAAP earnings disclosures. By focusing on a company’s non-GAAP earnings, this study contributes to the financial reporting literature. The results provide evidence that CEO education backgrounds and audit committee quality influence firms’ non-GAAP earnings disclosures.
AcknowledgmentThe author acknowledges the financial support of the National Science and Technology Council, R.O.C. (Award number MOST 111-2410-H-035-048-).
Trends in the functioning of the Ukrainian insurance services market
Authors: Prokopchuk Olena , Nepochatenko Olena , Malyovanyi Mykhaylo , Ulyanych Yuliya , Bilan Yuriy
Published: August 2022

The Ukrainian market of insurance services is at the stage of formation and development in the absence of a clearly defined model for further functioning. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the trends in the functioning of the Ukrainian insurance services market in the period of 2010–2021.The results of the study reveal the general trends in the functioning of the Ukrainian insurance services market in terms of transformational features of the market composition (a significant reduction in the number of insurers – by 2.5 times), concluded insurance contracts (a significant increase by 3.5 times), market concentration (moderately concentrated), the level of insurance penetration (the average value was 1.64%).Considerable attention is paid to the interpretation of the main indicators of market activity and their dynamics, in particular, in terms of insurance premiums and payments (the level of insurance payments was 32.2%), assets of insurers (increase by 1.5 times), formed insurance reserves (a noticeable increase by 3 times), digital transformation (in terms of internetization, individualization, digitalization).The study made it possible to form promising vectors for the development of the Ukrainian insurance services market based on the model of social responsibility of participants in the insurance process with clear digitalization outlines and the formation of insurance relations based on innovative approaches.
AcknowledgmentThis study was supported by the Ministry of education, science, research and sport of the Slovak Republic [grant VEGA 1/0689/20 Digital economy and changes in the education system to reflect labour market demands].
On the space of Schwartz operators in the symmetric Fock space and its dual
Authors:   Steklov Mathematical Institute of RAS, Amosov Grigori G. ,   St Petersburg State University,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,   Institute of Mathematics with Computer Center of the Ufa Science Center of RAS, Baitenov Egor L. ,   Steklov Mathematical Institute of RAS,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,   P. G.Demidov Yaroslavl State University
Published: August 2022

A long-standing problem that arises when constructing the mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics is the need to work with unbounded operators. Since the space of nuclear operators is preconjugate for the algebra of all bounded operators, we can consider the states of a quantum system as nuclear operators, and consider bounded operators as observables. In this case, taking the trace for the product of a nuclear operator (a quantum state) and a bounded operator (a quantum observable) gives the average value of a quantum observable in a fixed state. The existence of such an average for unbounded operators is not guaranteed. If we want to define a space of observables that includes such naturally occurring unbounded operators as the position and momentum operators, for which average values are always determined, we should consider a space of states smaller than all nuclear operators. Recently, this approach has been mathematically correct implemented in the Hilbert space H = L^2(R^N). The so-called space of Schwarz operators, equipped with a system of semi-norms and being a Frechet space, was chosen as the space of states. Schwarz operators appeared to be integral operators whose kernels are functions belonging to the usual Schwarz space. The dual space to the space of Schwarz operators should be considered as the space of quantum observables and it really includes such standard observables as polynomials from the products of the position and momentum operators. In the present work we transfer this approach to the symmetric Fock space H = F(H) over an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space H. We introduce the space of Schwartz operators in F(H) over an infinite dimensional separable space H and investigate which of the standard operators of quantum white noise belong to the space dual to the space of Schwartz operators.
Reaction forces of singular pendulum
Authors:   St Petersburg State University, Burian Sergei N.
Published: August 2022

Various behavior types of reaction forces and Lagrange multipliers for the case of mechanical systems with configuration space singularities are studied in this paper. The motion of a one-dimensional double pendulum (or a singular pendulum) with a transversal singular point or a first order tangency singular point is considered. Properties of the configuration space of singular pendulum depends on the constraint line which the free vertex of the double pendulum moves along. Configuration space of singular pendulum could be represented by two smooth curves on a torus without common points, two transversely intersecting smooth curves or two curves with first-order tangency. In order to study the pendulum motion, the reaction forces on a two-dimensional torus are found. The expressions for the reaction forces are obtained analytically in angular coordinates. In the case of a transverse intersection it is proved that the reaction forces must be zero at the singular point. In the case of a first-order tangency singularity, the reaction forces are nonzero at the singular point. The Lagrange multiplier which depends on the motion along the ellipse becomes unlimited near to the singular point. Two mechanisms with a different type of singular points in the configuration space are described: a nonsmooth singular pendulum and a broken singular pendulum. There are no smooth regular curves passing through a singular point in the configuration spaces of these mechanical systems. In the case of nonsmooth singular pendulum, the Lagrange multiplier which depends on the motion along the ellipse becomes undefined when the singular point is passed. In the case of broken singular pendulum, the Lagrange multiplier makes a jump from a finite value to an infinite one.
Calculation of stresses initiated by an electric explosion of conductors in a composite thick-walled cylinder
Authors:   St Petersburg State University, Kats Victor M. , Morozov Viktor A. ,   St Petersburg State University, Sevastyanov Yaroslav A. ,   St Petersburg State University
Published: August 2022

The paper presents a dynamic loading analysis of a material carried out by the exploding wire method (EWM). A composite cylinder is chosen as an experimental sample. It is a thick-walled cylinder made of polymethyl methacrylate with an axial bore formed therein, pressed into an aluminium shell. The sample was loaded by applying an electric voltage to a conductor in the form of a copper wire placed inside the axial bore of the sample. An equation of state for an electric explosion of a conductor obtained. Dependence between the pressure in the air channel and the expansion coefficient of the EWM products demonstrated with comparison charts of the experimental and theoretical values. A theoretical model that describes the amplitude characteristic of the radial stresses arising during the loading is constructed, taking into account the boundary and initial conditions. The substantiation of the model accuracy is given by comparing the obtained results with experimental data. The estimation of the circumferential stress at which the aluminium shell breaks directly performed.
Power-law generalization of Newton’s formula for shear stress in a liquid in the form of a tensor rheological relation
Authors:   St Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Pavlovsky Valerii А.
Published: August 2022

A generalization of Newton’s formula for the shear stress in a fluid is carried out by giving it a power-law form and the corresponding rheological relation is written in tensor form. Depending on the exponent in this rheological ratio, one can come to a description of either a laminar or turbulent flow regime. In the latter case, there is a system of differential equations with the no-slip boundary condition. The proposed system of equations for turbulent fluid motion can be useful, at least, for obtaining preliminary, estimated characteristics of turbulent flow before starting numerical modeling using modern differential turbulence models. For some values of the exponent, this system can be used to describe the behavior of power-law fluids, as well as fluids with small additives of polymers in the manifestation of the Toms effect.
Economics and water allocation reform
Authors: Pérez-Blanco C. Dionisio
Published: August 2022

This chapter discusses major economic challenges and outlines key economic considerations in the design and implementation of water allocation reforms where agriculture is a major water use. It first examines key economic issues in water allocation reform, focusing on the challenges brought by the trade-offs between efficiency, social (distributive) justice, environmental sustainability and institutional reform, and the inherent uncertainties in managing these trade-offs, which are amplified by the complex nature of social-ecological systems. Based on this analysis, the chapter outlines a series of principles towards a water allocation reform that achieves sustainable, equitable and robust economic growth, and discusses the role of economic instruments in such reform. Finally, it identifies persistent research gaps towards delivering actionable science for informed water (re)allocations.
What are we allocating and who decides? Democratising understanding of groundwater and decisions for judicious allocations in India
Authors: Aslekar Uma , Joshi Dhaval , Kulkarni Himanshu
Published: August 2022

India is the largest user of groundwater in the world. With current dependency on the resource, challenges pertaining to management and governance of groundwater in the country have increased tremendously. To address these challenges, various policy and programmatic interventions have been devised and implemented by state and non-state actors. In this chapter, we question the techno-managerial nature of these solutions and propose a socio-hydrogeological approach that integrates the multidisciplinary and decentralised nature of groundwater problems. To illustrate this, we draw on case studies that have emerged as part of our work on strengthening participatory processes of aquifer monitoring and mapping, decentralised groundwater allocation for agricultural decisions and management strategies that evolve through local institutions. Various programmes are underway in the country aimed at improving participation in governance of groundwater resources. If we are to achieve our goals of collectively and sustainably managing this invisible resource, there is a need to adopt approaches that move beyond the techno-managerial paradigm and embody local ways of knowing, using, and managing groundwater.
Characteristics and mechanism of persulfate activated by natural siderite for water disinfection
Authors: Li Guo-Qiang , Wang Chaoyi , Zhang Yingying , Wan Hongyou , Dou Ming , Xu Hongbin
Published: August 2022

In this study, low-cost siderite was used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS, S2O82-)-inactivated Enterococcus faecalis to study the inactivation characteristics and mechanism of siderite/PDS. The results showed that the siderite/PDS had a better inactivation effect on Enterococcus faecalis at pH 3. The sterilization effect increases with the increase of siderite dosage, PDS concentration and temperature. The inactivation rate is decreased with the increase of initial bacterial concentration. Inorganic ions and natural organic matter (NOM) can inhibit the inactivation effect of this technology, and the inhibition intensity is NOM > HCO3− > NO3−. The free radical quenching test shows that HO• is the main oxidizing substance in the sterilization process of siderite/PDS technology. In addition, the main disinfection mechanism is highly reactive oxygen species destroying the cell wall of bacteria and releasing organic compounds in cells. After siderite was reused for four times, simply washing siderite would recover almost 80% of the removal of Enterococcus faecalis in siderite/PDS, indicating that siderite has the potential of recycling.
Prebiotics and Probiotics: Effects on Dyslipidemia and NAFLD/NASH and the Associated Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Eduardo , Rodríguez-Pastén Alicia , Pérez-Hernández Nury , Soria-Jasso Luis E. , Cariño-Cortés Raquel
Published: August 2022

Background:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is related to changes in lipid metabolism and is characterized by the increase or accumulation of fat in hepatocytes that may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which leads to the appearance of inflammatory processes. Treatment consists of changes in diet, physical activity, and weight control; however, these disorders represent a health problem and require the development of novel alternatives to treatment and prevention.

Review and Conclusion:

NAFLD/NASH are strongly associated with other disorders, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS); in fact, NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of MetS. These disorders are related to other components of MetS, including dyslipidemia, which is characterized by an imbalance in blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Prebiotics and probiotics have beneficial effects on treating and preventing several ailments, including liver diseases. Specifically, in dyslipidemia, NAFLD, and NASH, probiotics play a fundamental role in conducting the biotransformation of primary bile acids into secondary bile acids, which generally have important activity as immunomodulators and metabolism regulators. The mechanisms of action of pre and probiotics involve the activity of bile acid receptors, such as FXR and TGR-5, and the events resulting from their activation. Therefore, prebiotics and probiotics may be reasonable options to prevent and treat metabolic-related liver diseases
Topical Mosquito Repellent Formulations for Enhanced Repellency Time
and Reduced Toxicity
Authors: Higuchi Celio Takashi , Filho Newton Andreo , Lopes Patricia Santos , Grice Jeffrey Ernest , Leite-Silva Vânia Rodrigues
Published: August 2022

Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika virus affect millions of people worldwide each year. Vector control and personal protection are very important to minimize the spread of diseases, and the use of repellent is an economical practice to prevent them. The application of repellent, which acts on the skin to form a vapor layer with a repellent odor to mosquitos, is recommended as an economical prevention and practice. The natural botanical product Citronella is an effective mosquito repellent due to the high concentrations of active chemical constituents present, notably terpenic alcohols. However, citronella tends to evaporate quickly from the skin surface, resulting in a rapid loss of activity. Strategies to increase repellency time, while at the same time minimizing toxicity, are major focuses of research and development in natural repellent products. Here we highlight the role of extended-release systems (ERS) of citronella oil in this approach.
Pharmaceutical Potential of Constituents from Azadirachta indica and
their Specific Role as Anti-cancer Agents
Authors: Jeelani Ishtiaq , Bhosale Mrinalini , Qadir Tanzeela , Sharma Praveen Kumar , Nawaz Allah , Sharif Aamir , Amin Andleeb , Sheikh Alisha , Ahmad Saeed , Kukreja Vinita , Kulkarni Snehal , Padhye Subhash
Published: August 2022

:

Neem (Azadirachta indica), a Meliaceae family member, is a rapidly growing tropical
evergreen tree with a thick, branching trunk. It has been used for hundreds of years in traditional
Indian medicine as a home cure against numerous human illnesses in the Indian and African
continents. Different components of the plant, including the flowers, leaves, seeds, and bark, have
been used to treat both acute and chronic human illnesses, as well as an insecticide, antibiotic,
larvicidal, antimalarial, antibacterial, antiviral, and spermicidal. The plant's anticancer qualities
have been extensively researched in terms of its preventative, protective, tumor-suppressive,
immunomodulatory, and apoptotic actions against different cancers and their molecular processes.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks the expression of progesterone and estrogen
receptors, has a dismal prognosis and no viable therapeutic options. Gedunin compound isolated
from Azadirachta indica's seed oil shows potential anticancer effect against triple-negative breast
cancer (TNBC) cancer cells, which acts as heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor.
In vitro Inhibition Profiles and Molecular Docking Analysis of Benzohydrazide
Derivatives on Red Blood Cell Carbonic Anhydrases Isozymes
Authors: Güller Pınar , Korkmaz Işıl Nihan , Kalın Ramazan , Öztekin Aykut , Özdemir Hasan
Published: August 2022

Background:

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes that contain
zinc ions on the active side and convert carbon dioxide to bicarbonate in metabolism. Human CA-I
and CA-II, which are the most abundant CA isozymes in erythrocytes, have been therapeutic targets
in the treatment of glaucoma, hypertension, ulcer, osteoporosis, and, neurological disorders. Benzohydrazides
are biologically active compounds, and their various pharmacological effects have
been reported.

Aim:

In light of this, the objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of benzohydrazide
derivatives on the activities of hCA-I and hCA-II, determine the compounds as selective inhibitors
for these isoenzymes, and estimate the inhibition mechanism through molecular docking
studies.

Method:

In this work, we synthesized the 10 different derivatives of benzohydrazide containing
various functional group of different positions.

Results:

As a result, all benzohydrazide derivatives inhibited both isozymes in vitro and 2-amino 3-
nitro benzohydrazide (10) was found to be the most efficient inhibitor of both hCA isozymes with
the IC50 values of 0.030 and 0.047 μM, respectively. In the molecular docking studies, 3-amino 2-
methyl benzohydrazide (3) had the lowest estimated free binding energies against hCA isozymes as
-6.43 and -6.13 kcal/mol.

Conclusion:

In this study, hCA-I & II isozymes were isolate from human erythrocytes. CA isozymes
are one of these target enzymes. WBC hope that the benzohydrazide derivatives, can guide
remedies targeting carbonic anhydrase.
A Review on Hyphenated Techniques in Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Baviskar Kajal Pratik , Jain Dipali Vivek , Pingale Sushal Dilip , Wagh Shekhar Sudam , Gangurde Swapnil Parashram , Shardul Siddharth Ashok , Dahale Aditya Ravindra , Jain Kishor Sanchalal
Published: August 2022

Background:

In chemical and pharmaceutical analysis, hyphenated techniques range from the
combinations involving separation-separation, separation-identification and identification-identification
techniques and are widely used nowadays, as they hold many advantages like fast accurate analysis, a
higher degree of automation, higher sample throughput, better reproducibility, specificity and sensitivity.
They also reduce contamination due to closed systems and offer simultaneous separation and quantification,
leading to better analysis.

Objective:

Though many reviews have appeared on hyphenated analytical techniques till date, in the past
decade, their use has increased manifold and therefore, we thought it imperative to review the latest progress
in this field. In the present article, an attempt has been made to cover the latest information on various
hyphenated techniques like LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy), GC-MS (Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy), LC-IR (Liquid Chromatography-Infra-Red Spectroscopy), as well
as, LC-MS-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy-Mass Spectroscopy), LC-NMR-MS (Liquid
Chromatography-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Mass Spectroscopy), etc.

Conclusion:

This review describes a total of seventeen different hyphenated techniques, comprising
mainly of the combinations of chromatographic techniques with spectroscopic techniques. We have tried
to cover the latest information on various double hyphenated techniques like LC-MS , LC-NMR, LC-IR,
HPTLC-MS, HPTLC-IR, GC-MS, GC-IR, GC-TLC, GC-AES, MS-MS, CE-MS, GC-NMR, as well as,
triple hyphenated techniques like LC-MS-MS, LC-NMR-MS, LC-UV-MS, GC-MS-MS, GC-IR-MS.
Mainly the principle, instrumentation, applications, and advantages of each of the techniques are discussed
in this review. Also, disadvantages of a few techniques have been mentioned.
Inter-rater and Intra-Rater Reliability Test with Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test
Authors: Tarigan Medianta , Fadillah Fadillah
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

There are various methods to measure intelligence in children, one of them is by drawing method. Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test (GHDT) is the first cognitive measurement tool developed based on drawing. Giving quantitative scores in drawing methods has been a challenging task, especially in controlling the level of subjectivity. It requires psychometric reliability evidence to make sure the result is free from bias.

Methods:

Drawings of 799 children (kindegarten/4 to 6 y.o= 412, primary school/7 to 9 y.o= 387 ; boys= 388, girls= 411) were examined to investigate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability in GHDT scoring. Data are scored by two raters who have been given special training on the scoring system based on the manual book. Pearson correlation is used to analyzed drawing reliability.

Results:

Significant correlation between the scores of two rates were 0.840 (p<.001) for the man drawing, and 0.844 (p<.001) for the woman drawing. In addition, intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.880 to 0.963.

Conclusion:

The study showed that GHDT has a high-reliability score by raters who trained based on a manual book GHDT scoring system. In addition, these results also showed scoring criteria were applied consistently.
Evaluation of Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes towards Older Adults and Associated Factors
Authors: Sedri Nadia , Zakeri Mohammad Ali , Zare Zardiny Mohammadreza , Tavan Asghar
Published: August 2022

Background:

Due to the increased risk of developing chronic diseases among older adults, their demand for health care has increased. Preparing nurses to care for the older adults is one of the most difficult challenges in nursing education.

Objective:

This study investigated nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards older adults and demographic and occupational features that affect them.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 412 participants from July to October 2020. Patients were selected using a random sampling method. Three questionnaires were used: a socio-demographic form, an Older Patient in Acute Care Survey, and a Knowledge about Older Patients-Quiz.

Results:

According to the Pearson correlation test, there is a statistically significant and positive correlation between knowledge and general opinion (P = 0.000), (r = 0.271) as well as between practice experiences and general opinion (P = 0.000), (r = 0.205) of nurses about older adult’s care. There was no statistically significant relationship between knowledge and practice experiences (P = 0.857), (r = -. 009).

Conclusion:

Having a better understanding of the needs of the older adults would improve the quality of care that nurses provide to them.
Physicochemical and Therapeutic Properties of Malaysian Stingless Bee
Kelulut Honey in Comparison with Yemeni Sidr Honey
Authors: Al-Kafaween Mohammad A. , Hilmi Abu Bakar Mohd , Al-Jamal Hamid Ali Nagi
Published: August 2022

:

Kelulut and Yemeni Sidr honey has been documented to have various therapeutic
properties. Investigations associated with the medicinal properties and physicochemical
characteristics of Kelulut and Yemeni Sidr honey are growing broadly and receiving raised
awareness. This study incorporated and analysed the findings on the biological and physicochemical
properties of Kelulut and Yemeni Sidr honey. Kelulut and Yemeni Sidr honey was
found to have a wide variety of biological effects attributed to their physicochemical characteristics.
Findings showed that Kelulut and Yemeni Sidr honey have anti-bacterial, antibiofilm,
anti-virulence, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antiobesity
and wound-healing properties. The physicochemical properties of Kelulut and Yemeni
Sidr honey were compared and discussed and results revealed that they have high-quality
contents and excellent antioxidant sources.