bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COUNTERING THE VIOLATION OF THE RIGHT OF PROTECTION TO PARTICIPATE IN THE PROOF
Authors:   Moscow bar Association “Unity of Solidarity”, Moscow, Russian Federation, ILIN DANILA
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of a study of the problem of overcoming violations of the constitutional rights of the defense party to participate in the evidentiary process in cases that have a public resonance by criminal procedural means. According to the principles of equality and competitiveness of the parties in criminal proceedings, the lawyer (defender, representative) of the suspect, accused defendant has the same rights in the field of evidence as the prosecution. This concerns, first of all, the right to collect and provide evidence refuting the prosecution’s version or subjecting them to reasonable doubt. As practice shows, officials conducting a preliminary investigation tend not to attach evidence from the defense to the case materials, including at the cost of direct violation of the requirements of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and procedural legislation. The grounds for refusing such admission, as a rule, do not stand up to any criticism and can be regarded as offenses of various legal nature: from disciplinary to criminal law. The defense party has the same equal right in the aspect of assessing the relevance, admissibility and reliability of evidence. In this case, we mean cases when a representative of the defense initiates a check of the compliance of the prosecution evidence with the legislative requirements. Examples of this are analyzed in detail in this article. The article is prepared on the basis of the author’s work experience as a criminal lawyer and is devoted to the analysis of the following problem. In the article, the author explores the theoretical foundations and background of the problem, using the example of criminal cases that have a public resonance, analyzes the principles that ensure equality and competitiveness of the parties in criminal proceedings, the system of rights of participants in legal proceedings based on them, their legal regulation, the most common, most typical violations of the right of the defense to participate in evidence. Next, the author examines the legal means and mechanisms (ways) to overcome these violations in the criminal process. a number of conclusions and proposals aimed at improving the legal protection of the rights of suspects, accused defendants, as well as a lawyer (defender, representative). In conclusion, based on the conducted research, the author formulates a number of conclusions and proposals aimed at overcoming the accusatory bias and violations of the rights of participants in court proceedings in cases with public resonance, improving and increasing the effectiveness of overcoming violations of the constitutional right to defense.
HOW TO IMPROVE THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF CHINESE UNIVERSITIES TO INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS DURING THE “14TH FIVE-YEAR PLAN” PERIOD (TAKE SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW AS AN EXAMPLE)
Authors:   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China, MEIHE OUYANG , YI ZHOU , YINGJIE XIONG
Published: May 2022

The post-epidemic era is in the critical time of the education internationalization development in China’s “14th Five-Year Plan” period (2021-2025). Under the unfavorable conditions of the reduction of international personnel exchanges, the unsatisfactory quality of online teaching, and the intensified international competition in education, how to attract international students to study in China is an unavoidable issue for Chinese universities. This paper takes the international student enrollment of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law as the case study object, and starts from three aspects: enrollment management, curriculum construction, and teaching staff construction for international students. The quality of teaching international students, the implementation of convergent management for international students to better integrate them into Chinese society and life is an effective measure to improve the enthusiasm of international students to study in China. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, Study in China has both challenges and opportunities. As long as the planning is reasonable and the measures are appropriate, we can increase the attractiveness of Chinese universities to international students and empower the development of Study in China.
THE APPLICATION OF MEDIATION INTO ISDS: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CHINA
Authors:   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China, ZHENGYI ZHANG , QIANG YUE
Published: May 2022

A crucial change in the recent reform of international investment agreements and investment laws is the introduction of mediation into ISDS de novo. It is found that mediation in the international investment dispute settlement mechanism has preliminary treaty basis and has unique practical value and good application space. Under the background of the increasing acceptance of the Singapore Convention on Mediation, the foundation has been laid for the reconstruction and development of the international investment mediation mechanism. Facing the development trend of the application of investor-state dispute settlement mechanism, China should create external conditions, accelerate internal supporting, improve the practical basis, increase the treaty norms and participate in multilateral reform.
Note on the Odd Perfect Numbers
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: May 2022

The Riemann Hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. Under the assumption of the Riemann Hypothesis, we prove that there is not any odd perfect number at all.
Note on the Odd Perfect Numbers
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: May 2022

The Riemann Hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. In 2011, Sol{\'e} and and Planat stated that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if $\frac{\pi^2}{6} \times \prod_{q\leq q_{n}}\left(1+\frac{1}{q} \right) >e^{\gamma}\times \log\theta(q_{n})$ is satisfied for all primes $q_{n}> 3$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function, $\gamma\approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant and $\log$ is the natural logarithm. We state the conjecture that $\frac{\pi^2}{6.4} \times \prod_{q \leq q_{n}} \left(1 + \frac{1}{q} \right) > e^{\gamma} \times \log\theta(q_{n})$ is satisfied for all primes $q_{n}> 10^{8}$. Under the assumption of this conjecture, we prove that there is not any odd perfect number at all.
Fermi Paradox and the Replication Limit
Authors: Dolgikh Serge
Published: May 2022

A well-known paradox in astrobiology has been discussed at length by the research and general community. In this work we offer a novel perspective associated with the relationship of timescales of development and response of natural learning systems. It is shown that a balance that could lead to a long-term stable development of such systems can be highly unstable and the development trajectory is predisposed to one of the two main tracks: gradual decline in a harsh environment; or exponential expansion driven by replication, with resulting depletion of the environment. Thus, the possibility of a stable balanced development beyond planetary level can be strongly suppressed for such systems that can explain observed absence of advanced intelligent species at the solar system and higher levels of development.
New Zinc-Based Active Chitosan Films: Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Policastro Debora , Giorno Eugenia , Scarpelli Francesca , Godbert Nicolas , Ricciardi Loredana , Crispini Alessandra , Candreva Angela , Marchetti Fabio , Xhafa Sonila , De Rose Renata , Nucera Antonello , Barberi Riccardo C. , Castriota Marco , De Bartolo Loredana , Aiello Iolinda
Published: May 2022

The improvement of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chitosan (CS) films can be realized by incorporating transition metal complexes as active components. In this context, bioactive films were prepared by embedding a newly synthesized acylpyrazolonate Zn(II) complex, [Zn(QPhtBu)2(MeOH)2], into the eco-friendly biopolymer CS matrix. Homogeneous, amorphous, flexible, and transparent CS@Znn films were obtained through the solvent casting method in dilute acidic solution, using different weight ratios of the Zn(II) complex to CS and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The X-ray single-crystal analysis of [Zn(QPhtBu)2(MeOH)2] and the evaluation of its intermolecular interactions with a protonated glucosamine fragment through hydrogen bond propensity (HBP) calculations are reported. The effects of the different contents of the [Zn(QPhtBu)2(MeOH)2] complex on the CS biological proprieties have been evaluated, proving that the new CS@Znn films show an improved antioxidant activity, tested according to the DPPH method, with respect to pure CS, related to the concentration of the incorporated Zn(II) complex. Finally, the CS@Znn films were tried out as antimicrobial agents, showing an increase in antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) with respect to pure CS, when detected by the agar disk-diffusion method.
Nano-Sized PtRu/C Electrocatalyst With Separated Phases and High Dispersion Improves Electrochemical Performance of Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Feng Yiling , Han Wei , Wang Tingyu , Chen Qian , Zhang Yan , Sun Yonggang , Zhang Xin , Yang Lin , Chen Song , Xu YuXiang , Tang Hong , Zhang Bing , Wang Hao
Published: May 2022

Alloys and core-shell nanoparticles have recently received enormous attention which opened up new avenues for highly active catalysts. Despite considerable advances in this field, the majority of proposed approaches suffer from either complicated procedures or unstable structures, severely hindering their practical applications. Here, we successfully synthesized alloy electrocatalyst with separated phases, PtRu alloy nanoparticles robustly supported by carbon matrix (PtRu/C), using a convenient two-step solvothermal method. The constructed PtRu/C at different NaOH contents (0–1.25 mmol) were compared and electrochemical activity were evaluated by the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). In contrast, the homogeneous distribution and minimum average size of Ru and Pt nanoparticles on carbon, appeared at approximately 4 nm, proving that PtRu/C-0.75 possessed abundant accessible active sites. The catalytic activities and the reaction mechanism were studied via electrochemical techniques. PtRu/C-0.75 has excellent activity due to its unique electronic structure and efficient charge transfer, with the largest j0 value of 3.68 mA cm−2 in the HOR.
Levoglucosenone: Bio-Based Platform for Drug Discovery
Authors: Camp Jason E. , Greatrex Ben W.
Published: May 2022

Levoglucosone (LGO) is a bio-privileged molecule that can be produced on scale from waste biomass. This chiral building block has been converted via well-established chemical processes into previously difficult-to-synthesize building blocks such as enantiopure butenolides, dihydropyrans, substituted cyclopropanes, deoxy-sugars and ribonolactones. LGO is an excellent starting material for the synthesis of biologically active compounds, including those which have anti-cancer, anti-microbial or anti-inflammatory activity. This review will cover the conversion of LGO to biologically active compounds as well as provide future research directions related to this platform molecule.
Synthesis and Bioactivities of Novel Piperonylic Acid Derivatives Containing a Sulfonic Acid Ester Moiety
Authors: Xie Dandan , Hu Xin , Ren Xiaoli , Yang Zaiping
Published: May 2022

The crop loss caused by bacteria has increased year by year due to the lack of effective control agents. In order to develop efficient, broad-spectrum, and structurally simple agricultural bactericide, the structure of piperonylic acid was modified and a series of novel piperonylic acid derivatives containing a sulfonic acid ester moiety was synthesized. Bioassay results indicated the compounds exhibited significantly antibacterial activities. Among them, compound 41 exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa), with inhibitory value 99 and 85% at 100 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively, which was higher than that of thiodiazole-copper (84 and 77%) and bismerthiazol (96 and 78%). In addition, some compounds also showed moderate insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda. The abovementioned results confirm the broadening of the application of piperonylic acid, with reliable support for the development of novel agrochemical bactericide.
Priorities, Narratives, and Collaboration: Insights From Evolving Federal Mandates on Food Systems in Canada
Authors: Wilkes Johanna , Perttula Claire
Published: May 2022

Whether it is in a post-election period, a cabinet shuffle, or prorogation of parliament, the speech from the throne and mandate letters signal a government's priorities as they relate to emergent issues and long-standing public policy challenges. While the speech from the throne has been regularly available through parliamentary and government records, federal mandate letters have only been made publicly available more recently, and little research has been done on their role in shaping change. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the authors explore how the overarching narratives presented by the current federal government have evolved across the period from 2015 to 2021. The authors then compare these narratives with the mandated commitments to the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) during the same period. Through this comparative analysis, the authors highlight how the overarching narratives that emerged in later mandates, in particular the need to address systemic inequity, diverge with the commitments delivered to the Minister of AAFC. Part of the reason for identifying the divergence between central narratives and the current AAFC mandate is the hope that better alignment is possible. This includes making a new food policy environment in Canada; One that is equitable, prosperous for all, supports true reconciliation and Indigenous sovereignty, and ushers in a brighter future for the next generation and our planet. To conclude, the authors present alternative food systems frameworks that could help better achieve the more just and resilient world that the federal government narratives outlines.
Experimental Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Chemical Stimulation on Deep High-Temperature Granite
Authors: Cui Zhenpeng , Shangguan Shuantong , Gherardi Fabrizio , Qi Xiaofei , Xu Jianan , He Siqing , Feng Bo
Published: May 2022

Chemical stimulation has been increasingly applied to improve the performance of geothermal reservoirs since early 1980s. The potential for the successful application of this technique to high-temperature reservoirs hosted in granitic rocks is still uncertain, and one of the keys to assess this potential is to investigate experimentally the geochemical reactivity induced via chemical stimulation on relevant rock specimens. On this premise, we combined high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic simulation and static corrosion experiments to explore the effect of different chemical stimulants on the permeability of granite samples from the Baimiao formation (Hebei Province, China). Experimental results show that NaOH-dominated alkaline stimulants cause only weak dissolution patterns on primary feldspar and quartz, and they do not sensitively affect the original amount of chlorite. The overall effect is a negligible enhancement of the original permeability of all the granite specimens analyzed. Conversely, a large increase in permeability is observed when an acid mixture of 10wt% HCl + 1.5wt% HF is used as a stimulant, with an observed maximum magnifying effect of about 27 times, due to the effective dissolution of feldspar and chlorite. Though quartz appears not to be affected by dissolution, a relatively large amount of secondary neo-formed amorphous silica is also documented.
Influence of Water Saturation Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Jointed Limestone
Authors: Li Huigui , Wang Jun , Wang Xiaohe , Liang Wanliang , Xu Guosheng , Kang Yingchun
Published: May 2022

In order to study the influence of water saturation time on the mechanical properties of jointed limestone, the joint limestone samples with a crack length of 20 mm and a crack angle of 30° are saturated with water for 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days and tested with the RMT-150C mechanical test machine. The results show that the water saturation time has a significant effect on the stress-strain curve, peak strength, elastic modulus, crack development and failure characteristics of the jointed limestone. There is a step rise or fall phenomenon near the peak stress. The peak strength and elastic modulus of the joint limestone are significantly negatively correlated with the saturated time. Compared with that of the saturated 0-day sample, the peak compressive strength of the saturated 1-day, 3-day, 5-day and 7-day samples was decreased by 16.5%, 24.7%, 43.6%, and 47.7%, respectively, and the elastic modulus decreased by 11.0%, 32.0%, 45.0%, and 67.9%, respectively. Saturated water cracks the skeleton particles of the limestone samples, and the length of the microscopic pores and fissures increased gradually. The phenomenon that the number and length of cracks increase with the increase of the water saturation time will weaken the mechanical properties of the jointed limestone. The physical and chemical reactions, lubrication, and pore water pressure produced by water-saturated water-rock interactions make it easier for the Mohr stress circle to reach the limit equilibrium state. Saturated water reduces the degree of fragmentation of the sample, and the integrity of the fracture surface is higher after failure. The findings in this paper are helpful to further reveal the mechanism of the crushing of supports and the frequent occurrence of water gushing accidents at the working face in the Xinhua region of northwestern Guizhou.
Integrating Research-Supported Coaching Practices Into Secondary Teachers’ Team Meetings: Early Indications of Potential to Impact Collaborations, Classroom Interactions, and Student Engagement
Authors: Stuhlman Megan , Mikami Amori Yee , Hofkens Tara , Allen Joseph , Pianta Robert , Smit Sophie
Published: May 2022

The My Teaching Partner-Secondary (MTPS) program demonstrated improvements in classroom interactions and student outcomes in secondary schools using one-on-one coaching between study staff and teachers. Despite promising results, the time, cost, and oversight from a university research team may pose barriers to adoption of coaching programs like MTPS at scale. The My Teaching Team (MTT) project sought to translate key ingredients from MTPS into existing professional development contexts that are already built into many middle and high school educators’ weekly schedules: co-planning or professional learning community meetings. Six teams of secondary teachers (N = 30 teachers) participated in a pilot test of the usability of MTT materials across 5 months in one school year. Three teams elected to use MTT materials, and three elected to be a comparison group who continued their typical practices. Teams adopting MTT materials were observed to do so with good implementation integrity, and reported satisfaction with the intervention. Compared to typical practice teams, those using MTT were observed to spend more meeting time discussing teaching practice and less time discussing logistics/mechanics, and engaged in more video sharing and feedback to team members in the MTT sessions that explicitly encouraged this. The number of MTT meetings completed by a team, as well as spending more time discussing teaching practices and video sharing (but not feedback provided) during team meetings, predicted students’ self-reports of greater engagement and observations of higher levels of emotional support provided in the classroom. Implications for translating empirically supported interventions from the lab to real-world school settings are discussed.
Intermittent Scanning Glucose Monitoring or Predicted Low Suspend Pump Treatment: Does It Impact Time in Glucose Target and Treatment Preference? The QUEST Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Schierloh Ulrike , Aguayo Gloria A. , Schritz Anna , Fichelle Muriel , De Melo Dias Cindy , Vaillant Michel T. , Cohen Ohad , Gies Inge , de Beaufort Carine
Published: May 2022

Objective

To compare glycemic control and treatment preference in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using sensor augmented pump (SAP) with predictive low glucose suspend (SmartGuard®) or pump with independent intermittent scanning continuous glucose monitoring (iscCGM, Freestyle libre ®).

Methods

In this open label, cross-over study, children 6 to 14 years of age, treated with insulin pump for at least 6 months, were randomized to insulin pump and iscCGM (A) or SAP with SmartGuard® (B) for 5 weeks followed by 5 additional weeks. The difference in percentages of time in glucose target (TIT), (3.9 – 8.0 mmol/l), <3 mmol/l, > 8 and 10 mmol/l, were analyzed using linear mixed models during the final week of each arm and were measured by blinded CGM (IPro2®).

Results

31 children (15 girls) finished the study. With sensor compliance > 60%, no difference in TIT was found, TIT: A 37.86%; 95% CI [33.21; 42.51]; B 37.20%; 95% CI [32.59; 41.82]; < 3 mmol/l A 2.27% 95% CI [0.71; 3.84] B 1.42% 95% CI [-0.13; 2.97]; > 8 mmol/l A 0.60% 95% CI [0.56, 0.67]; B 0.63% [0.56; 0.70]. One year after the study all participants were on CGM compared to 80.7% prior to the study, with a shift of 13/25 participants from iscCGM to SAP.

Conclusions

In this study, no significant difference in glycemic control was found whether treated with SAP (SmartGuard®) or pump with iscCGM. The decision of all families to continue with CGM after the study suggests a positive impact, with preference for SmartGuard®.

Clinical Trial Registration

[clinicaltrials.gov], identifier NCT03103867.
Gender-Specific Association Between Sleep Duration and Body Mass Index in Rural China
Authors: Ren Lin , Chang Li , Kang Yijun , Zhao Yaling , Chen Fangyao , Pei Leilei
Published: May 2022

Background

This study aimed at investigating the association of sleep duration with body mass index (BMI) by gender among adult residents in rural Hanzhong of Shaanxi province, Northwest China.

Methods

A two-level stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select adult residents between the ages of 18 and 80 years. All information including sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles was collected by face-to-face interview with a structured questionnaire. According to standard methods, trained staff were responsible for anthropometric measurements using calibrated instruments in an empty room. By gender, both ordinary least square regression (OLS) and quantile regression (QR) were used to analyze the relationship between sleep time and BMI controlling for other confounders. The restricted cubic splines with five knots were further used to express the potentially non-linear association between sleep time and BMI.

Results

A total of 3,017 eligible participants were included in the study. After controlling for confounding factors including sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles, OLS regression did not indicate any significant association of sleep duration with BMI among men and women. Among men, it was clear that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between sleep time and BMI beyond the 66.0th percentile (BMI ≥24). Among women, quantile regression presented a significant U-shaped relationship between BMI and sleep duration. According to the restricted cubic splines, the women who sleep for approximately 9 h had the lowest BMI, and when sleep duration approached approximately 7 h among men, their BMI would be the highest.

Conclusions

The U-shaped and inverse U-shaped relationships between sleep duration and BMI were clearly observed for women and men, respectively, in our study. The identification of potentially relevant modifiable risk factors may provide better preventive approaches to obesity.
Mayfly Optimization Algorithm–Based PV Cell Triple-Diode Model Parameter Identification
Authors: Chen Nuo , Bi Wei , Xu Gentang , Wu Zongshi , Wu Mingwei , Luo Ke
Published: May 2022

The maximum power output and control optimization analysis of photovoltaic (PV) systems are based on accurate and reliable PV cell parameter identification. However, its difficult problems such as high nonlinearity and multimodality have become obstacles to the traditional optimization methods to obtain accurate and efficient results. This study uses a new intelligent optimization algorithm called the mayfly algorithm (MA) to efficiently identify the triple-diode model (TDM) of PV cells and uses the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) as the evaluation index to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. Moreover, by continuously adjusting the parameters, population number, and iteration times of the MA to better balance the relationship between global development and local optimization, we can obtain more efficient and better optimization results. The research case shows that the MA is superior to other meta-heuristic algorithms in the accuracy and stability of PV cell parameter identification. For example, the minimum standard deviation (SD) of the RMSE obtained by the MA is 1,305 times smaller than another algorithm.
Experimental Study on Horizontal Flame Spread of Dual-Flame Sources for Building Façade Energy Conservation FPU Foam Under the Effect of Lateral Wind
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Jingwei
Published: May 2022

The thermal safety of building façade energy conservation materials is commonly affected by the wind in the surrounding environment. In addition, multiple fire sources might be formed because of the secondary ignition of the primary fire source. In this study, the competing effect of dual flame sources and the lateral wind speed (Uw=0m/s,0.5m/s,1.0m/s,1.5m/s,2.0m/s) on the typical characteristic parameters (flame morphology, mass loss rate, and heat transfer) of horizontal flame spread behavior of thermal insulation board flexible polyurethane was investigated through laboratory-scale experiments. The results showed that these parameters did not increase or decrease monotonously with the lateral wind speed. The original vertical flame front was stretched and tilted by the effect of lateral wind speed, which increased the area and thermal feedback of the preheating zone on the windward side. On the one hand, the lateral wind promoted the peak flame temperature and shortened the time to the peak temperature. On the other hand, the wind speed promoted the average flame spread velocity on the windward side and decreased the average flame spread velocity on the leeward side. The flame was blown out when the wind reached a critical speed. This could be well-explained with the mechanism of heat transfer and turbulent flow. This work can provide a reference for the fire rescue and building fire protection regulations.
Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers and Prospects for Application in Oilfield Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yu Weichu
Published: May 2022

Hyperbranched polymer is a kind of polymer with a three-dimensional structure, which contains a highly branched structure and a large number of modified terminal functional groups. The desired properties can be obtained by modifying the active end groups appropriately. Hyperbranched polymers have been successfully used in the development of oilfield chemicals due to their excellent properties of solubility, rheology, temperature resistance, and salt resistance. Therefore, the application of hyperbranched polymer is helpful to the efficient development of oilfields. In this paper, the synthesis methods of hyperbranched polymers are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different synthesis methods are analyzed. Furthermore, the research progress of hyperbranched polymers in oilfield chemistry is systematically described, and the advantages and existing problems of their application in polymer flooding as oil displacement agents, demulsification of crude oil, clay hydration expansion inhibition, and shale inhibition are discussed. Finally, the application prospect of hyperbranched polymer in drilling chemistry, oil recovery chemistry, and gathering and transportation chemistry is forecasted, which is expected to help the popularization and application of hyperbranched polymer in oilfields.
Data-Driven Situation Awareness of Electricity-Gas Integrated Energy System considering Time Series Features
Authors: Lin Zhengyang , Jiang Fei , Luo Yongheng , Liu Kaicheng , Zhang Xinhe
Published: May 2022

Clean and low-carbon electricity-gas integrated energy system (EGIES) is being developed rapidly in order to meet the dual-carbon target. Situation awareness can provide an early warning of operational risks to the EGIES, which is helpful for its promotion and application. In this paper, a data-driven situation awareness method of EGIES considering time series features is proposed. The state and deviation vectors of EGIES are solved at the situation perception level based on the state estimation. The recurrence plot (RP) is used at the situation comprehension level to extract the time series features of historical deviations, and the operating state of future deviations is encoded in the form of labels. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is established at the situation projection level to project the future operating state of the EGIES based on the RP of the historical deviations. A case study of EGIES coupling a 14-node power system with a 7-node gas system shows that the projection accuracy of the proposed method increases by 2.07 and 3.04% compared with the long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network and the support vector machine (SVM), respectively.
Drivers of Anaerobic Methanogenesis in Sub-Tropical Reservoir Sediments
Authors: Grinham Alistair , O’Sullivan Cathryn , Dunbabin Matthew , Sturm Katrin , Gale Deborah , Clarke William , Albert Simon
Published: May 2022

Anaerobic methanogenesis is dependent on key macronutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) and trace metals (including iron, nickel and cobalt) to drive methane production. Reservoir derived methane emissions have correlated to eutrophication status, with elevated emissions associated with more eutrophic systems. Additionally, sediment organic matter can enhance methane emissions, particularly through the ebullition pathway. As such, it is critical to understand how organic carbon and nutrient inputs into reservoir water columns and sediments drive methanogenesis to improve flooded land greenhouse gas emission estimates. In this study we examine the methane potential of sediments in mesotrophic (Little Nerang Dam) and eutrophic (Lake Wivenhoe) sub-tropical reservoirs under different nutrient and organic carbon availabilities using biological methane potential (BMP) tests. BMP tests were conducted with sediments incubated under anaerobic conditions using replicate controls (reservoir bottom waters) or treatments (excess nutrient and/or organic carbon availability). The results indicated that these systems are carbon limited. The addition of organic carbon significantly increases anaerobic methanogenesis by 20-fold over controls. Analysis of sediment samples from the reservoirs showed that both reservoirs were replete in key macronutrient and trace metal content for methanogenesis. Finally, a comprehensive catchment monitoring program of Little Nerang Dam measuring catchment inflow events, lateral transport of forest litter, and bulk atmospheric deposition showed that catchment inflows and lateral transport of forest litter were strongly linked to rainfall and accounted for more than 99% of the total annual load. This suggests the frequency of rainfall events is a critical driver of organic matter inputs that drive reservoir methane emissions in the humid, sub-tropical region.
Environmental Regulations and Energy Efficiency: The Mediating Role of Climate Change and Technological Innovation
Authors: Wang Peng , Liang Shuai
Published: May 2022

Low-carbon energy transformation increases energy efficiency, and environmental regulation is necessary for carbon neutrality. Energy efficiency is widely accepted As a cost-effective method of reducing air pollution and improving the economic performance of manufacturing industries. In order to make their manufacturing sectors more energy-efficient, a large number of countries have implemented legislation. It is possible to tailor these interventions to a specific company or industry by using measures to control and direct interventions in the marketplace. These policies might be beneficial, but the experiential study of the impacts of these interferences on energy-saving technology acceptance has not been conclusive. Many environmental policy measures have an effect on the level of the asset in energy efficiency machinery. The years 2010–2019 are covered in this research, which compiles a database of Chinese industries from various sources. As a result, we have access to a wide range of factors and strategy devices that could influence the adoption of energy efficiency measures. Regulation, taxes, subsidies, and exemptions are among the instruments we will examine. These findings support the development of environmental regulations in China that will further improve energy efficiency and carbon neutrality.
Impacts of Winter and Summer COVID-19 Lockdowns on Urban Air Quality in Urumqi, Northwest China
Authors: Mamtimin Ali , Wang Yu , Zhao Tianliang , Sayit Hajigul , Yang Fan , Huo Wen , Zhou Chenglong , Gao Jiacheng
Published: May 2022

After the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, Urumqi, a remote area in northwest China, experienced two lockdowns, in January and July 2020. Based on ground and satellite observations, this study assessed the impacts of these lockdowns on the air quality in Urumqi and the seasonal differences between them. The results showed that, during the wintertime lockdown, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, and SO2 levels decreased by 38, 40, 45, 27, 8%, respectively, whereas O3 concentrations increased by 113%. During the summer lockdown, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, and SO2 levels decreased by 39, 24, 59, 2, and 13%, respectively, and the O3 concentrations increased by 21%. During the lockdowns, the NO2 concentrations decreased by 53% in winter and 13% in summer in the urban areas, whereas they increased by 23% in winter and 9% in summer in the suburbs. Moreover, large seasonal differences were observed between winter and summer SO2, CO, and O3. The lockdown played a vital role in the rapid decline of primary air pollutant concentrations, along with fewer meteorological impacts on air pollution changes in this area. The increase in O3 concentrations during the COVID-19 lockdowns reflects the complexity of air quality changes during reductions in air pollutant emissions.
Genomic Stock Structure of the Marine Teleost Tarakihi (Nemadactylus macropterus) Provides Evidence of Potential Fine-Scale Adaptation and a Temperature-Associated Cline Amid Panmixia
Authors: Papa Yvan , Morrison Mark A. , Wellenreuther Maren , Ritchie Peter A.
Published: May 2022

Tarakihi (Nemadactylus macropterus) is an important fishery species with widespread distribution around New Zealand and off the southern coasts of Australia. However, little is known about whether the populations are locally adapted or genetically structured. To address this, we conducted whole-genome resequencing of 175 tarakihi from around New Zealand and Tasmania (Australia) to obtain a dataset of 7.5 million genome-wide and high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Variant filtering, FST-outlier analysis, and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to evaluate population structure, adaptive structure, and locus-environment associations. A weak but significant level of neutral genetic differentiation was found between tarakihi from New Zealand and Tasmania (FST = 0.0054–0.0073, P ≤ 0.05), supporting the existence of at least two separate reproductive stocks. No clustering was detected among the New Zealand populations (ΦST < 0.001, P = 0.77). Outlier-based, presumably adaptive variation suggests fine-scale adaptive structure between locations around central New Zealand off the east (Wairarapa, Cape Campbell, and Hawke’s Bay) and the west coast (Tasman Bay/Golden Bay and Upper West Coast of South Island). Allele frequencies from 55 loci were associated with at least one of six environmental variables, of which 47 correlated strongly with yearly mean water temperature. Although genes associated with these loci are linked to various functions, the most common functions were integral components of membrane and cilium assembly. Projection of the RDA indicates the existence of a latitudinal temperature cline. Our work provides the first genomic insights supporting panmixia of tarakihi in New Zealand and evidence of a genomic cline that appears to be driven by the temperature gradients, together providing crucial information to inform the stock assessment of this species, and to widen the insights of the ecological drivers of adaptive variation in a marine species.
Forensic Features and Genetic Structure Analyses of the Beijing Han Nationality Disclosed by a Self-Developed Panel Containing a Series of Ancestry Informative Deletion/Insertion Polymorphism Loci
Authors: Xu Hui , Fang Yating , Zhao Ming , Lan Qiong , Mei Shuyan , Liu Liu , Bai Xiaole , Zhu Bofeng
Published: May 2022

The utilization of the ancestry informative markers to disclose the ancestral composition of a certain population and explore the genetic affinities between diverse populations is beneficial to inferring the biogeographic ancestry of unknown individuals and assisting in case detection, as well as avoiding the impacts of population stratification during genome-wide association analysis studies. In the present study, we applied an in-house ancestry informative deletion/insertion polymorphic multiplex amplification system to investigate the ancestral compositions of the Beijing Han population and analyze the genetic relationships between the Beijing Han population and 31 global reference populations. The results demonstrated that 32 loci of this self-developed panel containing 39 loci significantly contributed to the inference of genetic information for the Beijing Han population. The results of multiple population genetics statistical analyses indicated that the ancestral component and genetic architecture of the Beijing Han population were analogous to the reference East Asian populations, and that the Beijing Han population was genetically close to the reference East Asian populations.
The Potential of Carbon Nanoparticles as a Stimulant to Improve the Propagation of Native Boreal Forest Species: A Mini-Review
Authors: Sobze Jean-Marie , Galagedara Lakshman , Cheema Mumtaz , Thomas Raymond , Inoue Sahari
Published: May 2022

Boreal forests across Canada and other geographic areas globally have vast networks or densities of seismic lines, pipelines, access roads, utility corridors, and multipurpose trails collectively termed “linear disturbances” or “linear features.” Additionally, large areas of disturbances attributed to resource harvesting represent a major anthropogenic impact on the global boreal forest ecosystem. Restoration of these disturbed areas is currently a significant component of global boreal forest management strategies. A key to successful restoration or re-vegetation of these disturbed sites is the availability of highly adaptive native planting materials to grow and establish on the disturbed sites, particularly in varying abiotic stressors or severe environmental conditions. Abiotic stress includes non-living environmental factors, including salinity, drought, waterlogging or extreme temperatures, adversely affecting plant growth, development, and establishment on field sites. Herein, we present the concept of nanopriming native boreal seeds with microgram concentrations of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as an effective approach to improve the propagation and vigor of native boreal forest species. Priming refers to the technique of hydrating seeds in solutions or in combination with a solid matrix to enhance the rate at which they germinate and their germination uniformity. Seed priming has been shown to increase seed vigor in many plant species. In this mini-review, we will provide a brief overview of the effect of nanopriming on seed germination and seed vigor in agricultural plants and native boreal forest species, indicating the potential future applications of CNPs on native boreal species for use in forest reclamation or restoration.
ANXA1: An Important Independent Prognostic Factor and Molecular Target in Glioma
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Wang Wenyan , Zhou Huandi , Su Linlin , Han Xuetao , Zhang Xinyuan , Han Wei , Wang Yu , Xue Xiaoying
Published: May 2022

Objective: The expression, prognosis, and related mechanisms of ANXA1 are investigated in glioma, with the objective to find potential therapeutic molecular targets for glioma.

Methods: We analyzed the gene expression of ANXA1 using glioma-related databases, including the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Moreover, we collected the sample tissues and corresponding paracancerous tissues of 23 glioma patients and then conducted a Western blot experiment to verify the expression and correlate survival of ANXA1. Moreover, we generated survival ROC curves, performing univariate and multivariate Cox analyses and the construction of the nomogram. Differential expression analysis was conducted by high and low grouping based on the median of the ANXA1 gene expression values. We conducted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to explore possible mechanisms, and gene co-expression analysis was also performed.

Results: The results showed that the ANXA1 expression level was higher in gliomas than in normal tissues, and a high expression level of ANXA1 in gliomas was associated with poorer prognosis. The independent prognosis analysis showed that the ANXA1 gene was an independent prognostic factor of glioma. In the analysis of KEGG and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), it is shown that ANXA1 may play an important role in glioma patients by affecting extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction and the focal adhesion signal pathway. The core genes, including COL1A1, COL1A2, FN1, ITGA1, and ITGB1, were screened for gene correlation and prognosis analysis. The expression level of the five genes was verified by qPCR in glioma. We concluded that these five core genes and ANXA1 could play a synergistic role in gliomas.

Conclusion: The results indicated that a high expression level of ANXA1 leads to worse prognosis and ANXA1 is an independent prognostic factor and a potentially important target for the treatment of gliomas.
Transcriptome-Based Dissection of Intracranial Aneurysms Unveils an “Immuno-Thermal” Microenvironment and Defines a Pathological Feature-Derived Gene Signature for Risk Estimation
Authors: Lu Taoyuan , Liu Zaoqu , Guo Dehua , Ma Chi , Duan Lin , He Yanyan , Jia Rufeng , Guo Chunguang , Xing Zhe , Liu Yiying , Li Tianxiao , He Yingkun
Published: May 2022

Immune inflammation plays an essential role in the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysm (IA). However, the current limited knowledge of alterations in the immune microenvironment of IA has hampered the mastery of pathological mechanisms and technological advances, such as molecular diagnostic and coated stent-based molecular therapy. In this study, seven IA datasets were enrolled from the GEO database to decode the immune microenvironment and relevant biometric alterations. The ssGSEA algorithm was employed for immune infiltration assessment. IAs displayed abundant immune cell infiltration, activated immune-related pathways, and high expression of immune-related genes. Several immunosuppression cells and genes were also coordinately upregulated in IAs. Five immune-related hub genes, including CXCL10, IL6, IL10, STAT1, and VEGFA, were identified from the protein-protein interaction network and further detected at the protein level. CeRNA networks and latent drugs targeting the hub genes were predicted for targeted therapy reference. Two gene modules recognized via WCGNA were functionally associated with contractile smooth muscle loss and extracellular matrix metabolism, respectively. In blood datasets, a pathological feature-derived gene signature (PFDGS) for IA diagnosis and rupture risk prediction was established using machine learning. Patients with high PFDGS scores may possess adverse biological alterations and present with a high risk of morbidity or IA rupture, requiring more vigilance or prompt intervention. Overall, we systematically unveiled an “immuno-thermal” microenvironment characterized by co-enhanced immune activation and immunosuppression in IA, which provides a novel insight into molecular pathology. The PFDGS is a promising signature for optimizing risk surveillance and clinical decision-making in IA patients.
Activation of Lymphocytes in Healthy Neonates Within Hours of Birth
Authors: Ariyakumar Gaayathri , Gee Sarah , Das Abhishek , Kamdar Shraddha , Tribe Rachel M. , Gibbons Deena L.
Published: May 2022

It is now established that immune maturation occurs along a defined trajectory in the weeks and months after birth, but the immediate changes that occur within immune cells following birth is less clear. In this study, we monitored the immune profile of neonates via analysis of paired samples (n= 28) of cord blood and heel prick blood taken at varying times post term delivery by planned elective caesarean section. This paired approach accounted for the between-subject variability often observed over the first week of life. We identified rapid changes in immune cell populations within hours of birth. Specifically, we observed increased proliferation in effector T cells (but not regulatory T cells) that exhibited an increase in cytokine producing ability and also an increase in the percentage of CD3 T cells over this short time frame. This indicates that the mobilisation of the immune system is immediate post birth, presumably as a response to sudden exposure to the external environment, antigen or stress. Hence, immune development may start to occur more rapidly than previously proposed and as such, to study this trajectory, blood sampling should begin as soon after birth as possible.