bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Honorários Periciais Na Reforma Trabalhista - Novos Paradigmas
Authors: Nelson Rocco Antonio rangel rosso , Sena Kamilla Rafaely Rocha de , Maia Juliana Do Monte
Published: December 2018

A pesquisa em tela, fazendo uso de uma metodologia de análise qualitativa, usando-se os métodos de abordagem hipotético-dedutivos de caráter descritivo e analítico, adotando-se técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, tem por desiderato fazer uma análise dogmática quanto as alterações e inovações que a Reforma Trabalhista ventilou em relação aos honorários periciais. Dessa forma, partiu-se das características e peculiaridades desses honorários na Justiça do Trabalho para conhecer, diferenciar e refletir as transformações ocorridas no processo do trabalho, e como as modificações realizadas no texto da norma celetista violaram direitos e garantias constitucionais. temática e outras apenas normatizaram o posicionamento adotado pelos tribunais.
The Hungarian Mysticism Scale and its Associations with Measures of Religiosity, Personality, and Cognitive Closure
Authors: Nagy Viktória , Herczeg-Kézdy Anikó , Martos Tamás , Urbán Szabolcs
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to introduce the Mysticism Scale on a Hungarian population and to investigate the meaning and nature of reported mystical experiences (ME) from three different aspects: their associations with religious attitudes, the big five personality traits, and the need for cognitive closure. The sample consisted of 240 respondents who completed the Mysticism scale, the Post Critical Belief Scale, the Big Five Inventory, and the Need for Cognitive Closure Scale using an online questionnaire. Results indicated that ME positively correlated with the two dimensions of the Post Critical Belief scale, as well as with Openness to Experience. Moderate but significant positive correlations were found between ME and Agreeableness. Finally, ME negatively correlated with the need for cognitive closure (NFC) and with three of the NFC subscales (Close-mindedness, Preference for Order, and Preference for Predictability). Regression analysis using the above as variables highlighted that the acceptance of Transcendence and Openness to Experience were the main predictors of mystical experiences, whilst Symbolic interpretation might also have contributed, although to a lesser extent.
Decreasing the Negative Effects of Work-Related Stress in Unchanged Working Environments
Authors: Stauder Adrienn , Cserháti Zoltán , Konkolÿ Thege Barna
Published: December 2018

Background: Chronic work-related stress has a negative impact on both physical and mental health. The present translational study’s goal was to investigate the effectiveness of an individual-focused, standardised coping skills training provided outside the employment setting. Methods: 89 working individuals (76 women, 13 men; mean age: 41.3 years) from diverse occupational backgrounds completed a 12-hour stress management program. Work stress and overcommitment were measured by the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI). Outcome variables included perceived stress (PSS10), anxiety- (STAI-T), depressive- (BDI), and subjective somatic symptoms (PHQ15), as well as well-being (WHO-WB5), life meaning (BSCI-LM), coping skills (LSS), and overall life satisfaction. Results: The post-intervention scores showed no change in work-related stress or overcommitment, whilst coping skills improved. Further, anxiety-, depression- and somatic symptoms decreased significantly and there was a significant increase in well-being, life meaning, and life satisfaction scores. These improvements were observed mostly in the subgroup reporting higher initial levels of work stress, associated with higher symptom scores. In the low-stress subgroup, only coping skills, perceived stress, and life meaning scores improved. Conclusions: A short, well-structured multimodal coping skills training can significantly reduce overall stress level and stress-related symptoms, and improve well-being and satisfaction in employees suffering from high work stress even if the work environment remains unchanged.
Adopting an Ecological Health Model to Harmful Alcohol Use in Nigeria’s Niger Delta
Authors: Agwu Prince , Okoye Uzoma , Ebimgbo Samuel , Agbawodikeizu Uju , Ijeoma Igwe
Published: December 2018

Substance abuse has ravaged potentials and keeps clamping down on the stability of societies. It is increasingly becoming a social problem that demands sustainable remedies, particularly in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. This paper establishes a case for the utilisation of an ecological health model in dealing with harmful alcohol use in the region. What motivates the adoption of such a model is the fact that harmful alcohol use largely stems from nurture and can be remedied through same nurture. This paper adopted a case study research design using participant observation for data gathering, while using thematic analysis in organising and interpreting data.
Cervical Adenocarcinomas: A Heterogeneous Group of Tumors With Variable Etiologies and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hodgson Anjelica , Park Kay J.
Published: December 2018

Context.—

Cervical adenocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying morphologies, etiologies, molecular drivers, and prognoses, comprising approximately 25% of all cervical cancers. Unlike cervical squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinomas are not uniformly caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and, therefore, would not necessarily be prevented by the HPV vaccine.

Objective.—

To provide a review of endocervical adenocarcinoma subtypes and, when appropriate, discuss precursor lesions, etiologies, molecular genetics, and ancillary studies within the context of clinical care. Some historical perspectives will also be provided.

Data Sources.—

Data sources included published peer-reviewed literature and personal experiences of the senior author.

Conclusions.—

Endocervical adenocarcinomas are a histologically diverse group of tumors with various causes and molecular drivers, not all related to HPV infection. Distinguishing them has important implications for treatment and prognosis as well as strategies for prevention.
Intercultural couples’ internal stress, relationship satisfaction, and dyadic coping
Authors: Holzapfel Jenny , Randall Ashley K. , Tao Chun , Iida Masumi
Published: December 2018

Intercultural couples - partners from two different countries - may face increased levels of stress within their relationship (internal stress). Although internal stress is negatively associated with relationship satisfaction, communication of such stress can help foster partners’ coping behaviors. Specifically, partners can engage in positive dyadic coping (DC) to help lower stress levels and improve relationship satisfaction. Despite the wealth of research on DC, examination of the associations of stress communication and DC in intercultural couples has been limited. To address this gap in the literature, this study used a sample of 73 self-identified heterosexual intercultural couples to examine their perceptions of internal stress, and associations between DC and relationship satisfaction. Cross-sectional survey data revealed negative main effects for both individuals’ own and their partner’s perceptions of internal stress on relationship satisfaction, and positive main effects for all forms of positive DC with relationship satisfaction. Stress communication by oneself moderated the association between partner’s perceived internal stress and one’s own relationship satisfaction, such that relationship satisfaction was higher when partners reported more engagement in stress communication at lower levels of internal stress. However, there were no significant main association between negative DC and relationship satisfaction, or significant moderations for any type of DC. Implications for relationship researchers and mental health professionals working with intercultural couples are discussed.
A comparison of methods for assessing performance on the number line estimation task
Authors: Gross Susan I. , Gross Carol A. , Kim Dan , Lukowski Sarah L. , Thompson Lee A. , Petrill Stephen A.
Published: December 2018

The debate about how to characterize performance on the number line estimation (NLE) task has yielded a diverse set of accuracy measures. These accuracy measures include characterizing performance by deviation from the correct score with percent absolute error (PAE), modeling the shape of responses via the logarithmic-to-linear shift, and modeling the strategy use via the cyclical power model (one and two cycle). In the present study, accuracy on a symbolic NLE task was examined using phenotypic and quantitative genetic analyses of all four measurements. Data were collected from a same-sex twin sample at ages 12 and 15 (N = 150 pairs) as part of the Western Reserve Reading and Math Project. Linear mixed-effect models were used to compare how well the four NLE accuracy measures predicted math achievement, as measured by the Woodcock Johnson-III Fluency, Calculation, and Applied Problems subtests, after cognitive ability was controlled. NLE accuracy measures were not related to Fluency or Calculation after cognitive ability was controlled, but all NLE accuracy measures were related to Applied Problems at 12 and 15 years old. Although theories about what the NLE task measures have been contested in the literature, the relationship between NLE accuracy and achievement did not differ regardless of the type of accuracy measure used. In addition, the estimates for genetic and environmental influences were proportionately similar across the NLE accuracy measures. Overall, all proposed measures of accuracy in the present sample appear appropriate for prediction of math achievement in adolescents.
Spatial anxiety: A novel questionnaire with subscales for measuring three aspects of spatial anxiety
Authors: Lyons Ian M. , Ramirez Gerardo , Maloney Erin A. , Rendina Danielle N. , Levine Susan C. , Beilock Sian L.
Published: December 2018

Spatial skills are a strong predictor of achievement and pursuit of employment in STEM fields. However, some individuals experience anxiety arising from situations that require performing spatial tasks in an evaluative context, and as a result, may avoid spatial related mental activities and exposure to spatially relevant experiences. We sought to generate and validate an instrument capable of reliably measuring individual differences in experiences of spatial anxiety. We developed a spatial anxiety data-driven approach, wherein an exploratory factor analysis was conducted within the framework for different types of spatial skills outlined by Uttal et al. (2013; https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028446). In Study 1, factor analyses revealed that items loaded on three factors that corresponded well with some of the most common spatial abilities that have been discussed in the broader literature: navigation, mental-manipulation and imagery. The three subscales were high in internal reliability and between-scale selectivity. Study 2 then established that external validity was good for the navigation and manipulation subscales: higher anxiety ratings uniquely predicted lower objective performance and lower attitude/ability ratings on established measures within the respective subdomains. External validity was acceptable for the imagery subscale, uniquely predicting lower attitude/ability ratings on an established spatial imagery questionnaire. The overall result is an empirically validated Spatial Anxiety scale for use with adults that also respects the multifaceted nature of spatial processing. This questionnaire has the potential to provide a more comprehensive screening tool for spatial anxiety, and is a step toward identifying potential barriers to STEM education.
Activism in changing times: Reinvigorating community psychology: Introduction to the Special Thematic Section
Authors: Cornish Flora , Campbell Catherine , Montenegro Cristián
Published: December 2018

The field of community psychology has for decades concerned itself with the theory and practice of bottom-up emancipatory efforts to tackle health inequalities and other social injustices, often assuming a consensus around values of equality, tolerance and human rights. However, recent global socio-political shifts, particularly the individualisation of neoliberalism and the rise of intolerant, exclusionary politics, have shaken those assumptions, creating what many perceive to be exceptionally hostile conditions for emancipatory activism. This special thematic section brings together a diverse series of articles which address how health and social justice activists are responding to contemporary conditions, in the interest of re-invigorating community psychology’s contribution to emancipatory efforts. The current article introduces our collective conceptualisation of these ‘changing times’, the challenges they pose, and four openings offered by the collection of articles. Firstly, against the backdrop of neoliberal hegemony, these articles argue for a return to community psychology’s core principle of relationality. Secondly, articles identify novel sources of disruptive community agency, in the resistant identities of nonconformist groups, and new, technologically-mediated communicative relations. Thirdly, articles prompt a critical reflection on the potentials and tensions of scholar-activist-community relationships. Fourthly, and collectively, the articles inspire a politics of hope rather than of despair. Building on the creativity of the activists and authors represented in this special section, we conclude that the environment of neoliberal individualism and intolerance, rather than rendering community psychology outdated, serves to re-invigorate its core commitment to relationality, and to a bold and combative scholar-activism.
The politics of error: Rethinking the power of the symptom in the case of ADHD diagnosis in Chilean society
Authors: Radiszcz Esteban , Sir Hugo
Published: December 2018

This article seeks, mainly, to develop a critical approach to the problem of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and, through this, to rethink the problem of activism and militancy in relation to the power of a symptom linked to a corporality that seems to overflow a determined moral political framework. For this reason, we seek to think of a militancy that intensifies error, as a political power, beyond the search for a specific and universal diagnostic associated with what is understood as evidence. We begin with the description of the emergence of what we have called the ADHD Situation. First, using field notes from a collective ethnographic investigation performed during 2017, we describe the ADHD Situation as an ongoing process. Then we connect it to a broader context by examining the role of the school in contemporary Chilean neoliberal society from a genealogical-affective approximation, trying to avoid substantializing readings. In the second section, we develop this connection, describing the production of the ADHD Situation through the lenses of epistemology, ethics, economics, and politics. We also use here a critical analysis of three key documents that help us chart the institutional development of the disorder: The National Mental Health Plan (2017), the National Children’s Health Program (2015) and the Clinical Guide to Attention Deficit (2009). We demonstrate the existence of an epistemological connivance between macrosocial transformations and the community approach utilized in these documents. This provokes us to think about a militancy capable of trespassing the borders of academia, health definitions, and social interventions through the intensification of the power of error as an opening to radical transformations.
‘Are you a radical now?’ Reflecting on the situation of social research(ers) in the context of service-user activism in mental health
Authors: Montenegro Cristian R.
Published: December 2018

The relationship between activism and social research constitutes a longstanding source of debate. In the mental health and disability fields, this tension has specific connotations: User-survivor activism is premised on the priority of first-hand experience over detached, ‘objective’ knowledge. Personal experience is the foundation for the specific and irreplaceable perspective that users and survivors bring upon issues of interest. Considering this, how do user/survivor activist groups relate and collaborate with academically oriented researchers who lack a first-person encounter with psychiatry? Drawing on my participant observer role in a user-led activist group in Chile and through three ‘reflexive vignettes’, in this paper, I retrospectively trace how my interests and presence were received, negotiated and contested by users and non-users in the field. The findings describe three episodes in which my own status - and that of others participating ‘in the name of research’ - was interrogated. Although the group was open to anyone, boundaries emerged in response to specific demands from external agents interested in participating. A sense of ‘personal connection’ with the aims and nature of the group was one of those boundaries. In parallel, professional members had their own way of signalling their legitimacy, usually through a self-critical, anti-professional and anti-academic attitude. Doubts about my commitment to the group emerged as fieldwork progressed. The vignettes map the tensions that I experienced, the efforts I made to navigate them and the way they affected my disposition towards the group. The article argues that researcher’s reflexivity towards their own situation constitutes a primary source of information in the context of emergent, user-led advocacy efforts. Attention to how these groups accept and/or resist academic agendas provide insights into the solidarities and affinities that shape activist efforts. More than a pre-defined, ‘ethico-political’ disposition what’s required from researchers interested in this field is reflexivity to navigate the interface between academia and activism, honesty about the limits of academia and openness towards the contingent outcomes of an encounter with activism.
L’artiste contemporain dans les musées d’ethnographie ou la « promesse » d’un commissariat engagé
Authors: Bawin Julie
Published: December 2018

For over three decades, ethnographic museums have been engaged in a process of redefining both their missions and their collections. Forced to reinvent themselves, as well as develop exhibition strategies in response to post-colonial theory, many of these museums have adopted a self-critical attitude and invited artists to intervene in their collections. What do such practices reveal ? When artists turn their attention to the collecting, archiving, and exhibition practices of colonial museums, does it follow that their approach is more engaged ? By considering the first exhibitions of this kind, while also tracing the evolution of this phenomenon since the 1980s, this paper seeks to respond to these questions. It also strives to understand the specific nature of critical curating as it is practiced in museums that are, more than any others, loci for identity politics.
The Current State of Transformative Learning Theory: A Metatheory
Authors: Hoggan Chad
Published: December 2018

This article presents a perspective on the current state of transformative learning theory. It shows how the literature surrounding transformative learning caused it to evolve into a metatheory. This article then offers a definition of transformative learning as a, as well as three criteria that delimit the learning phenomena that the metatheory encompasses. To illustrate how scholars might evaluate epistemological change in terms of its part in an overall transformation, this article explores how and when epistemological change can be considered transformative.
Pour une conception rythmique des apprentissages transformateurs
Authors: Alhadeff-Jones Miche
Published: December 2018

En prenant appui sur la théorie de l’apprentissage transformateur (TAT), développée par Jack Mezirow aux États-Unis, cet article propose une réflexion sur les temporalités qui caractérisent les processus de transformation, susceptibles d’être promus ou accompagnés en formation d’adultes. La réflexion proposée s’articule en trois temps. Premièrement, les fondements de la TAT sont énoncés de manière à situer leur pertinence en formation d’adultes. Ces apports sont repris afin de problématiser la manière dont on conçoit les temporalités impliquées dans un processus de transformation, et plus spécifiquement la nature à la fois continue et discontinue d’un tel processus. Finalement, l’apprentissage transformateur est envisagé à partir d’une perspective rythmologique, démontrant l’intérêt de développer une approche centrée sur les rythmes constitutifs des transformations vécues tout au long de la vie.
Revisiter la question du dialogue au coeur des fondements théoriques de l’Apprentissage Transformateur
Authors: Hébrard Pierre
Published: December 2018

Parmi les fondements de l’apprentissage transformateur, deux thèmes étroitement reliés entre eux me semblent à revisiter d’une façon critique : d’une part, la notion de dialogue dans un espace de discussion, inspiré de l’espace public habermassien, et d’autre part les limites de la rationalité dans les activités discursives. Quels éclairages nouveaux sur les fondements théoriques du construit d’apprentissage transformateur (AT) peuvent apporter les travaux d’auteurs qui ont abordé la question du dialogue dans les champs de la philosophie politique et de la philosophie du langage ? Quelles conséquences peut-on en tirer pour la pratique de l’AT ?
Bone Metabolism Markers and their Correlation with Body Mass Index in Aerobic Physical Activity
Authors: Bajić Zorislava , Rašeta Nela , Ponorac Nenad
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Bone formation marker osteocalcin (OC) and bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) can be used to detect or to monitor the early responses of the skeleton to physical activity. Literature suggests that it is likely that higher body mass index (BMI) has positive effect on bones and can postpone onset of osteoporosis.Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to:1.Determine the effect of aerobic physical acitivity on OC and CTX in young women2.Investigate correlation of OC, CTX and BMI in young women engaged into structured aerobic excerciseMaterial and methods: Study included 64 healthy young women, aged 19 to 25 years, devided into two groups: intervention group (n=32) and control group (n=32). The study duration was six weeks with follow-up period of four weeks. The intervention group underwent structured aerobic physical activity program for six weeks, but the control group did not receive such program. Level of OC, CTX and BMI were measured at baseline, after 6-week aerobic program, and after 4-week follow up (only intervention group).Results: There was significant increase of OC level after 6-week aerobic program, while level of CTX did not changed. OC level was at its maximum immediately after finishing the program in the participants with normal BMI (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant interaction of BMI and CTX level.Conclusion: Aerobic physical activity increases level of osteocalcin, suggesting that it has positive influence on bone formation in young women, primarily in women with normal BMI.
The TRIM-NHL protein NHL-2 is a co-factor in the nuclear and somatic RNAi pathways in C. elegans
Authors: Davis Gregory M , Tu Shikui , Anderson Joshua WT , Colson Rhys N , Gunzburg Menachem J , Francisco Michelle A , Ray Debashish , Shrubsole Sean P , Sobotka Julia A , Seroussi Uri , Lao Robert X , Maity Tuhin , Wu Monica Z , McJunkin Katherine , Morris Quaid D , Hughes Timothy R , Wilce Jacqueline A , Claycomb Julie M , Weng Zhiping , Boag Peter R
Published: December 2018

Proper regulation of germline gene expression is essential for fertility and maintaining species integrity. In the C. elegans germline, a diverse repertoire of regulatory pathways promote the expression of endogenous germline genes and limit the expression of deleterious transcripts to maintain genome homeostasis. Here we show that the conserved TRIM-NHL protein, NHL-2, plays an essential role in the C. elegans germline, modulating germline chromatin and meiotic chromosome organization. We uncover a role for NHL-2 as a co-factor in both positively (CSR-1) and negatively (HRDE-1) acting germline 22G-small RNA pathways and the somatic nuclear RNAi pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NHL-2 is a bona fide RNA binding protein and, along with RNA-seq data point to a small RNA independent role for NHL-2 in regulating transcripts at the level of RNA stability. Collectively, our data implicate NHL-2 as an essential hub of gene regulatory activity in both the germline and soma.
Why we need to report more than 'Data were Analyzed by t-tests or ANOVA'
Authors: Weissgerber Tracey L , Garcia-Valencia Oscar , Garovic Vesna D , Milic Natasa M , Winham Stacey J
Published: December 2018

Transparent reporting is essential for the critical evaluation of studies. However, the reporting of statistical methods for studies in the biomedical sciences is often limited. This systematic review examines the quality of reporting for two statistical tests, t-tests and ANOVA, for papers published in a selection of physiology journals in June 2017. Of the 328 original research articles examined, 277 (84.5%) included an ANOVA or t-test or both. However, papers in our sample were routinely missing essential information about both types of tests: 213 papers (95% of the papers that used ANOVA) did not contain the information needed to determine what type of ANOVA was performed, and 26.7% of papers did not specify what post-hoc test was performed. Most papers also omitted the information needed to verify ANOVA results. Essential information about t-tests was also missing in many papers. We conclude by discussing measures that could be taken to improve the quality of reporting.
NMDA spikes mediate amplification of inputs in the rat piriform cortex
Authors: Kumar Amit , Schiff Oded , Barkai Edi , Mel Bartlett W , Poleg-Polsky Alon , Schiller Jackie
Published: December 2018

The piriform cortex (PCx) receives direct input from the olfactory bulb (OB) and is the brain's main station for odor recognition and memory. The transformation of the odor code from OB to PCx is profound: mitral and tufted cells in olfactory glomeruli respond to individual odorant molecules, whereas pyramidal neurons (PNs) in the PCx responds to multiple, apparently random combinations of activated glomeruli. How these ‘discontinuous’ receptive fields are formed from OB inputs remains unknown. Counter to the prevailing view that olfactory PNs sum their inputs passively, we show for the first time that NMDA spikes within individual dendrites can both amplify OB inputs and impose combination selectivity upon them, while their ability to compartmentalize voltage signals allows different dendrites to represent different odorant combinations. Thus, the 2-layer integrative behavior of olfactory PN dendrites provides a parsimonious account for the nonlinear remapping of the odor code from bulb to cortex.
A herpesvirus encoded Qa-1 mimic inhibits natural killer cell cytotoxicity through CD94/NKG2A receptor engagement
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Piersma Sytse J , Nelson Christopher A , Dai Ya-Nan , Christensen Ted , Lazear Eric , Yang Liping , Sluijter Marjolein , van Hall Thorbald , Hansen Ted H , Yokoyama Wayne M , Fremont Daved H
Published: December 2018

A recurrent theme in viral immune evasion is the sabotage of MHC-I antigen presentation, which brings virus the concomitant issue of ‘missing-self’ recognition by NK cells that use inhibitory receptors to detect surface MHC-I proteins. Here, we report that rodent herpesvirus Peru (RHVP) encodes a Qa-1 like protein (pQa-1) via RNA splicing to counteract NK activation. While pQa-1 surface expression is stabilized by the same canonical peptides presented by murine Qa-1, pQa-1 is GPI-anchored and resistant to the activity of RHVP pK3, a ubiquitin ligase that targets MHC-I for degradation. pQa-1 tetramer staining indicates that it recognizes CD94/NKG2A receptors. Consistently, pQa-1 selectively inhibits NKG2A+ NK cells and expression of pQa-1 can protect tumor cells from NK control in vivo. Collectively, these findings reveal an innovative NK evasion strategy wherein RHVP encodes a modified Qa-1 mimic refractory to MHC-I sabotage and capable of specifically engaging inhibitory receptors to circumvent NK activation.
Specific lexico-semantic predictions are associated with unique spatial and temporal patterns of neural activity
Authors: Wang Lin , Kuperberg Gina , Jensen Ole
Published: December 2018

We used Magnetoencephalography (MEG) in combination with Representational Similarity Analysis to probe neural activity associated with distinct, item-specific lexico-semantic predictions during language comprehension. MEG activity was measured as participants read highly constraining sentences in which the final words could be predicted. Before the onset of the predicted words, both the spatial and temporal patterns of brain activity were more similar when the same words were predicted than when different words were predicted. The temporal patterns localized to the left inferior and medial temporal lobe. These findings provide evidence that unique spatial and temporal patterns of neural activity are associated with item-specific lexico-semantic predictions. We suggest that the unique spatial patterns reflected the prediction of spatially distributed semantic features associated with the predicted word, and that the left inferior/medial temporal lobe played a role in temporally ‘binding’ these features, giving rise to unique lexico-semantic predictions.
Translation Procedures in Translating English Poem into Indonesian
Authors: Puspani Ida Ayu Made , Indrawati Ni Luh Ketut Mas
Published: December 2018

This paper aims at analyzing the translation procedures applied in poetic translation. A poem as a part of literary work is written for an aesthetic value by the author to convey his/her message to the readers. In poetic translation it is very important for the translator to know not only the two language systems and cultures within which he/she operates but also should acquire the knowledge of literary work of the source language (SL) in order to be able to transfer the message to the closest equivalent to the target language (TL). Poems usually contain many figurative expressions. The ability of the translator in defining the equivalent of the figurative expressions in SL will depend on his/her knowledge to observe their meaning before transferring them to the TL. The data of this study were taken from an English poem entitled `The Nocturne in the Corner Phonebox` written by an Australian poet Andrew Taylor and translated into Indonesian ` Nyanyian Malam di Gardu Telpun` by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The Theory applied is the theory of translation proposed by Newmark (1988: 81-111) related to the procedures of translation. The research is qualitative and the data were descriptively analyzed. The findings show that modulation, shift, equivalent, transposition, descriptive equivalent are utilized as the translation procedures. Some of the figurative expressions such as hyperboles, personifications, were translated into descriptive equivalent and some are converted to the hyperboles and personifications in the TL.
Enhancing Iranian EFL Learners’ Descriptive Writing Through a Genre-based Pedagogy
Authors: Assadi Mahsa
Published: December 2018

The present study is an investigation to study the influence of genre-based instruction on Iranian EFL learners’ descriptive writing. After applying an OPT, 60 out of 80 Iranian EFL M.A. male and female students from two Azad universities in Tehran, Iran, were selected as the main participants of the current study. The qualified participants were randomly divided into one experimental group and one control group each with 30 learners. The experimental group had the genres based instruction on descriptive writing. The treatment was given in 16 sequential sessions about 30 minutes at the beginning of each session. The control group received no special treatment and it was taught based on traditional methodology of writing instruction. At the initial stage of the experiment, to estimate participants’ knowledge at the beginning of the study, a pretest on writing performance was run to all participants. In this test, the two groups must write two compositions about the same topics. At the end of the study, a posttest was applied to check the participants’ descriptive writing after having instruction. The participants’ scores on the pretest and posttest were compared to estimate the degree of participants’ progress within the group, and also the scores of the two groups were compared with each other to measure the function of instruction. The analysis of the results presented that learners in both groups had the same ability but learners in experimental group outperformed than learners in control group and it was concluded that genres based instruction as treatment worked well. The findings of this study are useful for learners to improve their writing skills. Another significance of this study is to build learners’ confidence to echo their voice in the international educational contexts and to publish their articles in famous worldwide journals.
Causative-inchoative Alternation in the Language of Jordanian EFL Learners
Authors: Almahameed Yazan Shaker , Al-Aajalein Mohammad Mansour , Ahmad Khawlah Mohammad
Published: December 2018

Causative-inchoative construction is a pair of verbs discussing the same notion, which is a state of change with a different form for each verb. It has been noted that causative-inchoative alternation constitutes a learnability problem for Arab EFL learners and very few studies addressed this language form among Arab learners and more specifically Jordanian learners of English. The present study is an attempt to measure the perception and production of English causative-inchoative alternations by learners whose native language is Arabic. In collecting the required data for the study, grammaticality judgement and correction task was used. A total of 24 Jordanian English majors partook in the study. Having analyzed the data statistically, the study results depicted that comprehending and producing causative and inchoative constructions by Jordanian English majors is not an easy task. It was also found that causative structures are more readily to acquire than their inchoative counterparts. More precisely, it could be argued that Jordanian learners of English acquire the causative form earlier than the inchoative form. Finally, the results revealed that language transfer is the driving force of acquiring causative-inchoative structures, where a great deal of errors can be traced back to Arabic. The study arrived at the conclusion that the participants have a weak competence of causative-inchoative forms which is best exhibited in their responses to the items of grammaticality judgement task. This conclusion could be attributed to the fact that Arabic and English vary greatly with respect to encoding causative-inchoative forms.
The Impact of Psycho-ideological Hero: A Žižekian Study of Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray
Authors: Safa Sara , Sokhanvar Jalal
Published: December 2018

This paper critically examines psycho-ideological significance of Dorian Gray, on Wilde’s only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray. Although Wilde’s novel has mostly been read as an aesthetic work of ‘Art for Art’s Sake’, the present research intends to criticize Wilde’s only novel using Žižek’s theories on subjectivity, ideology, and trauma. The brainchild of an indisputable giant literary tradition, The Picture of Dorian Gray is a tactfully designed puzzle that called the Victorian establishment into question. The thick texture of the novel, I argue, lends itself to Žižekian ideological and psychoanalytical theories wherein one can obtain a novel perspective on the issue of subjectivity. The Slovenian philosopher, Slovaj Žižek (b.1949) argues that the subject is divided and always in a transitional process until his death; Dorian is an epitome of such a subjectivity always already in transition.
English Communication Competence: Expectations and Challenges (A Case in Indonesia)
Authors: Poedjiastutie Dwi , Amrin Zetty Aqmi , Setiawan Yongki
Published: December 2018

English communication in Indonesian schools poses a lot of challenges. These are especially related to the factors involved in education as secondary school curriculum. Indonesia high school curriculums are usually constructed using top-down approach. This approach is suspected to contribute students’ communication development at later stage in university level. Communication courses at tertiary level are expected to equip students with more advanced communication level than at secondary school so the gradual development of students’ communication level can be attained. Several researches have been conducted to disclose those issues. However, a little attention is given to reveal the expectations and challenges from both students and teachers respectively. Due to that, this study is intended to examine factors inhibit the development of communication competence of the university students. An interpretive research paradigm was employed in this study. Speaking teachers at English Department (ED) were selected using convenient sampling. Expectation and challenges of developing communication level at DS University (DSU) are revealed from both students and teachers. Both cohorts expect the English Department Chairman to take serious steps to face upcoming globalization in which improving communication competence of ED graduates are urgent.
The Relationship between Ethnic Group Affiliation (EGA) and Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in English among Undergraduates in a Public University in Malaysia
Authors: Razak Fatin Nabila Abd , Nimehchisalem Vahid , Abdullah Ain Nadzimah
Published: December 2018

This study aimed to examine the relationship between ethnic group affiliation (EGA) and Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in English among the undergraduates in a public university in Malaysia. The three ethnic groups involved in the study were Malays, Chinese, and Indians. An EGA questionnaire was adapted from Phinney (1992), Magid (2004), and Gatbonton and Trofimovich (2008), while a WTC questionnaire was adapted from McCroskey (1992), Fishman (1972), and Granhemat (2015). The questionnaires were distributed to 39 participants representing the three major races. The analysis showed that the level of EGA for the Malays was the highest with 83% as compared to the Chinese with 73% and the Indians with 81%. Meanwhile, the level of WTC of the Chinese received the highest score of 75%, while the Malays and the Indians were at 63%. Results of the Pearson Correlation, r= -0.323, p= 0.045, indicated a significantly weak and negative association between EGA and WTC. This implicated that high levels of EGA would result in low levels of WTC. Hence, in addressing that, attention needs to be given to the aspect of EGA in language learning and teaching approaches in order to achieve better language proficiency among the English language learners in Malaysia.
Human Rights at Stake: Shirley Jackson’s Social and Political Protest in “The Lottery”
Authors: Ismael Zaid Ibrahim , Ali Sabah Atallah Khalifa
Published: December 2018

Nowhere is American author Shirley Jackson’s (1916-1965) social and political criticism is so intense than it is in her seminal fictional masterpiece “The Lottery”. Jackson severely denounces injustice through her emphasis on a bizarre social custom in a small American town, in which the winner of the lottery, untraditionally, receives a fatal prize. The readers are left puzzled at the end of the story as Tessie Hutchinson, the unfortunate female winner, is stoned to death by the members of her community, and even by her family. This study aims at investigating the author’s social and political implications that lie behind the story, taking into account the historical era in which the story was published (the aftermath of the bloody World War II) and the fact that the victim is a woman who is silenced and forced to follow the tradition of the lottery. The paper mainly focuses on the writer’s interest in human rights issues, which can be violated even in civilized communities, like the one depicted in the story. The shocking ending, the researchers conclude, is Jackson’s protest against dehumanization and violence.
Using Drama and Drama Techniques to Teach English Conversations to English as A Foreign Language Learners
Authors: Masoumi-Moghaddam Saman
Published: December 2018

The present study aimed to examine the ways in which drama and drama techniques and practices, as implemented in the English language classes and combined with pedagogical practices to teach and learn English conversation, can create the appropriate conditions that promote learning environments conducive for learning English conversations. The participants of this study were thirty undergraduate male and female students who had studied English at the secondary and high school levels at the public schools in Ardebil. They were classified into two groups including Control and Experimental groups. The two groups were administered a Test-Retest evaluation to measure the targeted language skills that was to be taught to them. In order to collect the necessary data, two modern plays were taught and rehearsed in classroom context and then a retest were administered after the practice of these two modern dramatic discourse in the classroom. The different data-collecting techniques were used for the current research were participant observation (direct and indirect), and interviews. After analysing the data the results showed that there was no significant improvement in English competence of the Control group but the Experimental group revealed a tremendous achievement in their abilities in English conversations through the use of dramatic discourse.
Species turnover in plants does not predict turnover in flower-visiting insects
Authors: Simaika John P. , Samways Michael , Vrdoljak Sven M.
Published: December 2018

Congruence between plant and insect diversity is considered possibly useful in conservation planning, as the better known plants could be surrogates for the lesser known insects. There has been little quantification of congruence across space, especially in biodiversity rich areas. We compare here species richness, and turnover relationships between plants and flower-visiting insects across space (0.5–80 km) in natural areas of a biodiversity hotspot, the Greater Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. A total of 22,352 anthophile individuals in 198 species and 348 plant species were sampled. A comparison between the plants and anthophiles suggest significant concordance between the two assemblages. However, turnover was weaker in plants than in anthophiles. Plant turnover decreased with greater geographical distance between plot pairs. In contrast, insect turnover remained high with increasing geographical distance between plot pairs. These findings suggest that while patterns of plant diversity and distribution shape flower-visiting insect assemblages, they are not reliable surrogates. The conservation significance of these results is that specialist mutualisms are at greatest risk, and that set-asides on farms would help improve the functional connectivity leading to the maintenance of the full range of mutualisms.
In vivo antioxidant activity of mackerel (Scomber japonicus) muscle protein hydrolysate
Authors: Bashir Khawaja Muhammad Imran , Mohibbullah Md. , An Jeong Hyeon , Choi Ji-Yeon , Hong Yong-Ki , Sohn Jae Hak , Kim Jin-Soo , Choi Jae-Suk
Published: December 2018

Pacific chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is an important fish throughout the world, especially in East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan. Protein hydrolysates from marine sources are commonly used as nutritional supplements, functional ingredients, and flavor enhancers in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. Antioxidants isolated from fish are relatively easy to prepare, are cost effective, and have no reported side effects. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the in vivo antioxidant activities of mackerel muscle protein hydrolysate (MMPH) prepared using Protamex. The in vivo bioactivities of MMPH were investigated in alcoholic fatty liver mice (C57BL/6). Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were comparable in test and control mice, whereas serum triglyceride and lipid peroxidation levels significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) decreased after administration of MMPH (100–500 mg kg−1), especially at a concentration of 100 mg kg−1. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in xanthine oxidase activity was observed in all groups treated with MMPH (100–500 mg kg−1), as compared with the control group. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity/protein expression and regulated catalase (CAT) activity/protein expression levels were observed in groups administered MMPH (100–500 mg kg−1), especially at a concentration of 100 mg kg−1. These results show that the abundant amino acids of S. japonicus play an important role in the cytosol of the liver cells by directly participating in the expression of xanthine oxidase and the detoxifying SOD and CAT proteins, thereby enhancing antioxidant ability and ultimately, inhibiting lipid peroxidation. This study demonstrated that muscle protein hydrolysate from S. japonicus has strong antioxidant activities.
Use of whole mussels and mussel gills in metal pollution biomonitoring
Authors: Sánchez-Marín Paula , Besada Victoria , Beiras Ricardo
Published: December 2018

The use of marine bivalves in metal pollution monitoring is undoubtedly one of the best tools to evaluate metal pollution in coastal areas worldwide. However, since bivalves integrate metal pollution from both the dissolved and the particulate phases, it cannot be assured that metal bioaccumulation in their tissues will predict the risk posed by metals to sensitive organisms such as invertebrate larvae or microalgae, which are known to be mainly affected by the free metal ion fraction. This study aims to test the usefulness of mussel gills–the primary exchange surfaces with dissolved metals–in reflecting dissolved metal bioavailability in the field. For that, we analyzed metal concentrations in environmental samples (whole soft tissues of mussels, mussel gills, sediment, and particulate and dissolved fractions in the water column) collected from 7 sampling sites during a multi-year investigative monitoring survey in the Ría de Vigo. The results showed a different pattern of Cu and Zn accumulation in gills compared to whole soft tissues, and these differences are attributable to the faster response of gills to changes in dissolved metal concentrations and to the regulation of essential metals at the whole body level. In the case of Pb, by contrast, concentrations in gills were very similar to those in the whole body. The use of mussel gills in metal pollution biomonitoring is a promising tool for the detection of changes in bioavailable metals in the environment, especially for essential metals such as Cu and Zn.
Immunohistochemical Study of Four Fish Tumors
Authors: Iaria C. , Ieni A. , Corti I. , Puleio R. , Brachelente C. , Mazzullo G. , Lanteri G.
Published: December 2018

The present study supports the usefulness of ancillary techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, as a valid diagnostic tool in the field of fish oncology. The immunohistochemical patterns observed in four neoplasms on four individual teleosts belonging to different species are described. Cytokeratin, vimentin, actin, S100, calretinin, and Melan-A antibodies were used. Diagnoses of papilloma in a Bream Abramis brama, fibroma in a Sand Steenbras Lithognathus mormyrus, schwannoma in a Crucian Carp Carassius carassius, and melanoma in a spontaneously inbred Xiphophorus hybrid were made. Diagnosis of tumors in fish is not always easy to carry out, and the tool provided by antibodies used on mammalian tissue is essential for obtaining definitive, unambiguous, and inexpensive identification.