bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity Differences by Trajectory Groups as a Reference for Identifying Patients at Risk for Late Mortality in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Longitudinal National Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Hyery , Kim Hae Reong , Kang Sung Han , Koh Kyung-Nam , Im Ho Joon , Park Yu Rang
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Childhood cancer has a high long-term morbidity and mortality rate. Five years after the initial cancer diagnosis, approximately two-thirds of childhood cancer survivors experience at least one late complication, with one-quarter experiencing severe, life-threatening complications. Chronic health conditions can impact survivors’ life planning and daily activities, reducing their health-related quality of life. Comprehensive and longitudinal data are required for investigations of national claims data.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to address clinical and health policy interventions and improved survival rates. A comprehensive categorization of the long-term morbidities associated with childhood cancer survivorship is required. We analyzed the trajectory groups associated with long-term mortality among childhood cancer survivors.

METHODS

We collected data from a nationwide claims database of the entire Korean population. Between 2003 and 2007, patients diagnosed with and treated for cancer before the age of 20 years were included. With 8119 patients who survived >10 years, 3 trajectory groups were classified according to yearly changes in the number of diagnoses (the lowest in group 1 and the highest in group 3).

RESULTS

The patterns of most comorbidities and survival rates differed significantly between the trajectory groups. Group 3 had a higher rate of mental and behavioral disorders, neoplasms, and blood organ diseases than the other two groups. Furthermore, there was a difference in the number of diagnoses by trajectory groups over the entire decade, and the disparity increased as the survival period increased. If a patient received more than four diagnoses, especially after the fourth year, the patient was likely to be assigned to group 3, which had the worst prognosis. Group 1 had the highest overall survival rate, and group 3 had the lowest (P<.001). Group 3 had the highest hazard ratio of 4.37 (95% CI 2.57-7.42; P<.001) in a multivariate analysis of late mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings show that the pattern of comorbidities differed significantly among trajectory groups for late death, which could help physicians identify childhood cancer survivors at risk for late mortality. Patients with neoplasms, blood organ diseases, or mental and behavioral disorders should be identified as having an increased risk of late mortality. Furthermore, vigilance and prompt action are essential to mitigate the potential consequences of a child cancer survivor receiving four or more diagnoses within a year.
Clinical Utility of a Digital Therapeutic Intervention in Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 12-week, prospective, single-arm, intervention study (Preprint)
Authors: Chawla Rajeev , Jaggi Shalini , Gupta Amit , Bantwal Ganapathi , Patil Suhas
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) having elevated levels of blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are at higher risk of macro-and microvascular complications. Nonetheless, the goal of achieving glycemic control cannot be met with the use of pharmacotherapy alone. The recent emergence of digital therapeutic tools has shown the possibility of improving the modifiable risk factors and self-management of diabetes.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines the clinical utility of digital therapeutic intervention as an add-on therapy to achieve the glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

METHODS

This was a 12-week, prospective, single-arm digital intervention study in patients with T2DM receiving regular antidiabetic treatment. The eligibility criteria included male and female patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, functional English literacy, and a mobile phone capable of running the intervention app. Outcome measures of the study were mean change in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), BMI, and HOMA-IR index at the end of 12 weeks.

RESULTS

A total of 128 subjects completed the study period of 12 weeks. There were 54.7% (70/128) men and 45.3% (58/128) women with a mean age of 48.48 years (SD 10.27). At the end of 12 weeks the mean change in HbA1c, FBG, PPBG, and BMI for the overall study population was -0.84 % (P<.001), -8.39 mg/dl (P=.02), -14.97 mg/dl (P<.001) and -0.24 kg/m2 (P=.06) respectively. Among the participants who had an improvement in the HbA1c value at the end of 12 weeks (responders), the mean change in HbA1c, FBG, PPBG, and BMI was -1.24 % (P<.001), -12.42 mg/dl (P=.003), -21.45 mg/dl (P<.001) and -0.34 kg/m2 (P=.007) respectively. There was an increase in HOMA-IR values for the study population (0.54, P=.29). HbA1c response showed significant association with baseline HbA1c level of ≥ 7.5%, no prior history of smoking, and COVID infection as well as higher levels of program engagement.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital therapeutic intervention when used along with standard medications significantly reduces the HbA1c, FBG, and PPBG levels in patients with T2DM.
Pelakor Syar’i: Kekerasan Simbolik Terhadap Perempuan dalam Media Sosial
Authors: Elanda Yelly , Pitaloka Ardanareswari Ayu
Published: July 2022

This article will discuss the comments of netizens about the perpetrators who have made women victims of online gender-based violence (KBGO). The abundance of texts, images, memes, videos and news about perpetrators has made women a legitimate object to be blasphemed, scorned and bullied through social media. Using Michael Foucault's theory of discourse analysis can expose all forms of violence against women on social media, especially those with regard to issues of infidelity and pelakor. The method used by this research is critical discourse analysis where this method seeks to uncover discourses or myths about actors. The results of this study indicate that there has been symbolic violence against women who are referred to as syar'i actors through social media. The discourse or myth of actors syar'i has hegemonized netizens to commit KGBO acts with various forms of symbolic violence by intercepting gender and religion. Identity attacks, cyber bullying, suing women's abuse, and sexual harassment are a collection of violence experienced by women with the stigma of being sharia perpetrators on social media. Often times the KGBO is not recognized by the perpetrators and victims, and this public oppression can only be accepted without resistance.
Towards a European Plurilingual Habitus? A Critical Analysis of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and its Symbolic Power
Authors: Wright Natalia
Published: July 2022

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR), introduced by the Council of Europe (CoE) in 2001, is intended to function as an instrument for developing educational policy and practice. However, in reality, there is a mismatch between the Council’s mission to promote plurilingualism and the project’s underlying neoliberal logic to impose its monolingual perspectives in reference to language learning, teaching, and assessment. Despite containing a much valuable taxonomy for describing language proficiency, the CEFR has been globally used as a standardisation tool that aims to measure the language competence of immigrants, asylum seekers, and test-takers. In doing so, the Framework acts as a gatekeeping mechanism of inclusion or exclusion. Considering CEFR’s contradictory nature, the article seeks to explore its complexity and uncover its problematic character. Viewing the CEFR as an instrument of power, the author utilises Bourdieu’s notion of linguistic capital to examine who the policy disadvantages and whose ideological agenda it serves.
Scientific Cooperation Network in Innovations in the use of Biopolymers in Civil Construction
Authors: Bandeira Arilmara Abade , Holanda Francisco Sandro Rodrigues , Andrade Carlos Eduardo Celestino de , Filho Abimael Magno do Ouro , Machado José dos Santos , Ubirajara Wilsonita de Melo
Published: July 2022

The search for innovative technologies for the use of materials from renewable resources to replace conventional materials has been a constant issue. The number of scientific publications on the use of biopolymers by the civil construction industry has grown over time. On the other hand, cooperation in the exchange of knowledge and resources has been found as one of the solutions to overcome relevant obstacles to scientific and technological development. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize the cooperation network formed between the various actors involved in scientific production on innovations based on the use of biopolymers by the civil construction industry. The cooperation network was characterized using the Social Network Analysis method (SNA). The study showed that in the scientific cooperation network, Ilhan Chang and Michael D. Lepech appear as the most important authors, the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Stanford University are the strongest organizations, and Malaysia is the country with the most significant participation.
Strategic Thinking on the Development of Sudan’s Renewable Power Industry
Authors: Ismaail Mohamed Gabir Ahmed , Clement Mintah , Mohamed Khalifa Dai Elnour , Mohammed Alhada Fahd Abdullah Abdulsamad
Published: July 2022

The development of renewable power industry has become the basic trend of major countries in the world, which is a rare development opportunity for Sudan. Sudan has advantages and potential in renewable power. If we take stock of the situation and make scientific planning, it is likely to enter the world leading level. Based on regional resources, taking the short-term advantages as the starting point, establish a long-term advantage foundation, build a leading area, and model area for renewable power development, stimulate the initiative of enterprises, establish a renewable power technology foundation, integrate the renewable power industry chain, and promote regional development and national balance. Cost is the key to the development prospect of renewable power. It is necessary to reduce costs so that renewable power can be used on a large scale and gradually replace traditional energy such as coal and oil, to realize the fundamental transformation of energy structure and establish the strategic advantage of the energy structure of the whole country.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum-Silicon Carbide Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Vardai Anjali
Published: July 2022

Abstract: A composite is a fusion of two or more different material chemically and unsolvable phases, its properties and structural concert are greater the ingredients performing homogeneous phases. Ceramics and Metals as well, can be implanted with particles, to advances their Property of these mixtures are known as MMCs. The mutual reinforcement’s effect on Aluminium Metal Matrix material with individual and multiple particulate reinforcements like Hybrid Metal matrix composites are finding better applications in field such as aerospace, marine, automotive, structural, underwater, and transportation and various other fields. It s fairly observed that the density of composite was decreased and the hardness was increased. Due to its versatile properties it is preferred for fabricating different types of metal matrix composites. Metal matrix composites exhibit better and improved strength, toughness, formability, corrosion resistance, machinability, stiffness, wear, creep, fatigue and numerous other mechanical properties as compared to metals The present investigation has been focused on the different combinations of the usage of reinforced materials as a reinforcing agent in different Aluminium matrix alloys in the processing of aluminium metal matrix composites by stir casting method.
The Measured Effects of Isometric Loading in a Flexed vs Neutral Lumbar Spinal Position: A Case Report
Authors: Williams Dr. Brogan
Published: July 2022

Abstract: The common understanding that loaded lumbar flexion is a positional hazard and a possible cause for injury has recently been disputed by certain fractions of the manual medicine and exercise science community [1]. Although a polarizing subject, this case study set out to investigate the first hand subjective experience of loaded lumbar flexion on an actual experienced world champion strength athlete. The research question driving this case report was “Does an isometric load applied to a flexed lower back cause more tightness, general discomfort OR pain than that same load applied to a neutral spine?”. A null hypothesis and an Alternative hypothesis was established. For set 1, the participant performed a 30kg dumbbell weighted isometric 45-degree angled hip hinge in lumbar “macro-flexion”. 3 markers were used to gather subjective feedback. The lifter was instructed to notify the researchers verbally when the onset of tightness, general discomfort, and pain began – each marker was assigned a time. Marker 1; tightness was felt at the 12 second mark. Marker 2; general discomfort was experienced at 49 seconds and marker 3; pain occurred from the 85 second mark, which reached a 7/10 VAS score before stopping at 98 seconds. Additionally, the patient experienced residual LBP following the session. After a 1-week wash out period, the participant performed set 2, a 30kg dumbbell weighted isometric 45-degree angled hip hinge with a “relatively neutral” lumbar position. The lifter exceeded set 1’s max time of 98 seconds experiencing no onset of tightness, general discomfort or pain. The patient did not experience any on-going pain after the session either. The results conclude that a “relatively neutral” lumbar spinal position during a loaded isometric hip hinge was less provocative across all 3 markers. Conversely, set 1 showed a very provocative response, with a rapid early onset of tightness, general discomfort and pain - of which the pain lingered beyond the sessions duration. A strong association between loaded lumbar macro-flexion and the onset of tightness, discomfort and pain was observed in this case study – however, more high quality research is required to reach stronger conclusion.
Impact of Technology in Construction Management
Authors: Arya Santosh Kumar , Parida Ananya P , Mangaraj Abhijit
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Technology is re-shaping the face of the industry from its conventional perspectives to the modern era. The technological transition had begun by shifting away from the traditional method to reduce carbon emission, which is one of the unresolved mysteries of climate change. Technology can help the industry carry out large-scale projects while considering the impact on the environment as well. Earlier, there was a higher volume of waste produced at the site. One of the advantages of technological development is that it helps the industry to reduce, reuse and recycle materials which in turn largely reduces carbon emission by avoiding burning of waste materials. While minor construction projects can be managed manually from planning to execution, a company becomes handicapped when it executes large-scale projects. Without technology the process would be strenuous. Therefore, companies are investing a lot of money to develop internal software and application in order to manage projects under one roof. Application is developed in the way the project has been managed from pre-construction, scheduling, soil testing, designing, material procurement, supply chain, payment, field reporting to the back office and so on. The entire process documents have been uploaded to the cloud and can be accessed whenever any changes arise. Such a process would be seamless for companies and the customer to follow up on what is happening with the construction work. Technology helps bring transparency to one another..
CLADISTICS ruined my life: intersections of fandom, internet memes, and public engagement with science
Authors: Gartley Luke-Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

In an increasingly mediated culture, social institutions such as science, public health, and civic engagement exist within the same modes of discourse as popular media. As a human endeavor, science is also a cultural phenomenon, and there are webs of multidirectional and layered communication that occur between formal science communication, pop science, and, indeed, popular media. For public participants, engagement with science and entertainment may be one in the same. This essay draws from research of transformative works, fan studies, and memetics to examine how the public engages with science and popular media within digital cultures.
DAMPAK PROGRAM BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI (BLT) DANA DESA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KECAMATAN PEUKAN BARO KABUPATEN PIDIE
Authors: Nisa Rahmatun , Asri Al , Naidi Ju
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah program bantuan langsung tunai (BLT) kesejahteraan masyarakat pada masa pandemi covid-19 di Kecamatan Peukan Baro Kabupaten Pidie. Penelitian ini dimulai dari bulan April sampai dengan bulan Juni 2021. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 35 responden dari perwakilan populasi1591keluarga penerima manfaat (KPM) yang tersebar di 6 mukim Kecamatan Peukan Baro Kabupaten Pidie. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan selanjutnya data ditabulasi dan dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dan analisis kuantitatif serta metode regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program bantuan langsung tunai (BLT) dana desa tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai signifikansi 0,106 lebih besar dari nilai probabilitas 0,05. Tidak berpengaruhnya program Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) dana desa terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat disebabkan program Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) dana desa tidak memberikan perubahan kesejahteraan hidup kepada masyarakat Kecamatan Peukan Baro, karena masyarakat setempat memiliki penghasilan sendiri untuk mencukupi kehidupan sehari-harinya, selain itu jumlah dana yang diberikan tidak begitu besar sehingga Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) dana desa tidak begitu memberikan kontribusi pada kebutuhan hidup masyarakat.
A Novel Method for Treating Bronchial Asthma with Newly Designed Histaglobulin Therapy
Authors: K Sivanandhan , S Dhanalakshmi
Published: July 2022

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways is considered as an incurable disease and extensive research is going on in developing novel treatment. The objective of the study is to establish that the antihistamine antibody has low serum histamine binding capacity (SHBC) in allergic patients as compared to normal persons and that it can be raised with our novel method of Histaglobulin treatment thereby effecting a ‘cure’ in bronchial asthma. About 67 normal and 135 allergic persons, were identified based on serum level of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) estimated by ELISA. Antihistamine antibody was separated from serum by affinity chromatography. Presence of antihistamine antibody in the elute was confirmed by SDS-PAGE test. The antihistamine antibody was IgG, confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis. The SHBC of the antihistamine antibody was estimated based on standard curve, plotted with different concentrations of serum antihistamine antibody by histamine ELISA test. Total Immunoglobulin E and SHBC were estimated in 135 allergic patients. In normal and allergic persons, the total IgE level was <100 IU/ml and 200 IU/ml respectively. The average SHBC of normal persons was 116 µg/ml, which was 39% more as compared to allergic patients whose average SHBC before treatment was 83.6 µg/ml. 135 allergic patients were first subjected to antihistamine, mast cell-membrane stabilizers, anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator drugs followed by histaglobulin injection. The SHBC level was raised in 122 (90.4%) patients to an average of 111.6 µg/ml. Overall, 132 (97.8%) allergic patients responded well to our treatment and were free from allergic manifestation throughout the follow-up period of about 5 years. Hence, this novel treatment with histaglobulin which has scientific basis, effective and well tolerated can be adopted across the world for effecting a cure from bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Assessment of Psychological Impact and Complications In Post-Coronavirus Disease Patients
Authors: Kumar Challa Pradeep , Sushma Kamreddy , Akhila Emmadi , Ashok Kumar Gudepu , Pavan Kumar Katta
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV2, which denotes the causative agent of a potentially lethal disease that is of great global public health concern. Although most of the COVID-19 patients get better and return to their normal health, only a few patients have symptoms that can last for weeks or even months’ later recovery from acute illness. Post COVID complications are deteriorating the health-related quality of life of the survivors, thereby making their condition worse. The main aim of this study is to assess the impact and the complications of the COVID-19. The objectives of the study are to know the extent of the long-term complications affects the quality of life of the COVID-19 cured subjects and to assess the impact of post-covid complications on the physical health of the COVID survivors. It is a hospital-based retro-prospective study involving 210 subjects. The data was collected by using the patient interviews, laboratory reports and by the questionnaire developed. Data was analyzed by using the GraphPad Prism 9.1.2(226) software. In our study of 210 patients about 77% were using the nutritional supplements after the COVID-19 recovery. Most of them were using nutritional supplements to overcome the fatigue caused by the COVID attack. It was observed that 52% of subjects were depressed during the covid attack.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Among Healthcare Professionals in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Injeti Neelam , Padmini K. , Swetha P , Vyshnavi B , Harshith K
Published: July 2022

According to the World Health Organization, Adverse Drug Reaction is defined as ‘any response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in human for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of sickness, or for the changes of physiological capacity’. Monitoring of ADR is carried out by different methods of which, spontaneous reporting is commonly practiced. However, lack of knowledge and awareness are the barriers of under-reporting. Health care professionals are expected to consider ADR reporting as their professional obligation, since ADR reporting is important to improve patient care, safety and overall health. The success or failure of a spontaneous reporting system depends on the active participation of health care professionals. Knowledge, Attitude, Practice study (KAP) measures the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of a community. It serves as an educational diagnosis of the community. The main purpose of this KAP study is to explore the changes in Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of the community. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a 6-month's duration in a tertiary care hospital. Data of total 175 Healthcare professionals was collected, interpreted by Chi-square test and was analyzed in our study. Knowledge, Attitude, Practice were analyzed based on the responses given in the questionnaire form of survey. P-value is defined as the probability of the null-hypothesis being true. If the p-value is less than level of significance (0.05), it indicates that, a significant difference exists, i.e. Null hypothesis is rejected and the Alternative hypothesis is accepted, if the p-value is greater than the level of significance (0.05), it indicates that there is no significant difference of KAP among health care professionals. This study assesses the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice of ADR’s reporting among Healthcare professionals and also explains the major factor responsible for under-reporting.
NITRETAÇÃO POR DESCARGAS ELÉTRICAS NO AÇO AISI 4140 COM ADIÇÃO DE PÓ DE CARBETO DE SILÍCIO EM DIFERENTES PROPORÇÕES AO FLUIDO DIELÉTRICO
Authors: Santos Henrique Gustavo , Silva Ernane Rodrigues da , Lima Victor Souza Esteves
Published: July 2022

A nitretação realizada por meio de usinagem por descargas elétricas é um método que vincula a usinagem de peças de complexas geometrias à capacidade de obtenção de tratamento termoquímico de nitretação em sua superfície. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os resultados da nitretação por descargas elétricas do aço AISI 4140, utilizando como fluido dielétrico, água deionizada com ureia farmacológica diluída e adição de pó de carbeto de silício ao fluido em diferentes proporções. O nitrogênio, como elemento responsável pelo ganho de dureza superficial, é proveniente da ureia que compõe o fluido dielétrico utilizado no processo. Uma máquina de eletroerosão por penetração, tecnicamente adaptada, foi utilizada para realizar o experimento. Vinte e cinco amostras idênticas foram preparadas e usinadas por descargas elétricas utilizando eletrodo de grafita. A caracterização das amostras foi feita a partir do ensaio de microdureza Vickers, medição da rugosidade superficial e das técnicas de microscopia óptica e difração de raio x. Além disso, foi avaliado o desempenho da usinagem em todos os conjuntos de amostras com e sem variação de concentração de pó abrasivo. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam a formação da camada nitretada com aumento de até 110% da dureza superficial em relação ao substrato, alteração no desempenho da usinagem e redução da rugosidade superficial quando adicionado pó abrasivo ao fluido dielétrico.
Earnings management motives, idiosyncratic risk and corporate social responsibility in an emerging market
Authors: Prakosa Dani K. , Kusumawati Rahayu , Dinarjito Agung , Mabrur Azas , Kurniawati Lestari , Arfiansyah Zef , Andriani Arifah Fibri , Wijaya Suparna , Kustiani Nur A. , Irawan Ferry , Wibowo Puji , Qadri Resi Ariyasa , Firmansyah Amrie , Mahrus Moh Luthfi
Published: July 2022

This research investigates the impact of the three earnings management methods according to Dechow and Skinner (2000) and Gunny (2005), i.e., accrual earnings management (AEM), real earnings management (REM), and fraudulent accounting (FRA), on idiosyncratic risk. This research also examines the moderating effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on these associations. This research employs balance panel data consisting of 492 observations from 2016 to 2019. This research obtains 123 companies listed under the manufacturing industry of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) through purposive sampling. To test the hypotheses, this research uses multiple linear regression models. This research finds that all three earnings management methods are positively associated with idiosyncratic risk. Furthermore, CSR disclosure is proven to weaken the effect of accrual earnings management and fraudulent accounting on idiosyncratic risk, but this does not apply to real earnings management. These results are robust after a sensitivity test. This research fills the existing gap within idiosyncratic risk study. Among similar studies, this research is the first to investigate the effect of fraudulent accounting on idiosyncratic risk and the moderating effect of CSR disclosure. This research also raises awareness of the cost of idiosyncratic risk, especially in emerging markets with relatively smaller stock markets, which makes diversification more challenging. It provides insights to market regulators on how investors can benefit from more disclosures
Population genomics in medaka inferred by multiple arbitrary amplicon sequencing
Authors: Fujimoto Shingo , Yaguchi Hajime , Myosho Taijun , Aoyama Hiroaki , Sato Yukuto , Kimura Ryosuke
Published: July 2022

Single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in the nuclear genome have been used
widely to analyze phylogenetic and population genomic structure.
Cost-effective genotyping can be achieved by sequencing PCR amplicons
using short 3-10 base sequences as primers to arbitrarily amplify
thousands of sites in the genome using only a few primers. While
previous methods have produced an insufficient number of SNVs to perform
population genomic analyses, we designed a new primer set to improve the
sequencing efficiency. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method,
we examined the population genetic structure of the small freshwater
fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes). Specifically, we attempted to
reconstruct the genetic admixture of the orange mutant strain, Himedaka.
Although the strain is widely kept as an ornamental fish and for
experimental purposes, the genetic background of the nuclear genome of
commercial stock is less clear. We obtained 2987 informative SNVs with
no missing genotype calls for 67 individuals from 15 wild populations
and three artificial strains using the HiSeq X platform. The estimated
phylogenic and population genetic structures of the wild populations
were consistent with previous studies, corroborating the accuracy of our
genotyping method. Admixture analysis focusing on Himedaka showed that
at least two wild populations contributed SNVs to the nuclear genome of
this mutant strain. Population genomics analyses based on nuclear SNVs
data are indispensable to identify admixture events, including natural
hybridization and anthropogenic introductions. The method developed in
this study will be useful for future population genomics studies on
medaka and on other organisms.
Introduction history and natural selection jointly shape evolution of a signaling trait during biological invasion
Authors: Pita-Aquino Jessica , Bock Dan , Baeckens Simon , Losos Jonathan B. , Kolbe Jason
Published: July 2022

Introductions of invasive species to new environments often result in
rapid rates of trait evolution. While in some cases these evolutionary
transitions are adaptive and driven by natural selection, they can also
result from non-adaptive processes associated with the invasion history.
Here, we examined the role of adaptive and non-adaptive evolutionary
processes in the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), a widespread invasive
lizard for which genetic data have helped trace the sources of
non-native populations. We focused on the dewlap, a signaling trait
known to be subject to multiple selective pressures. We measured dewlap
reflectance, pattern, and size in non-native populations across the
southeastern United States. We combine these trait measurements with
quantification of environmental variables known to influence dewlap
signal effectiveness, such as canopy openness. Further, we use
genome-wide data to estimate ancestry and to perform association mapping
for dewlap traits. We found that among-population variation in dewlap
characteristics is best explained by ancestry, as contributed by
invasion history. This result was supported by genome-wide association
mapping, which identified several ancestry-specific loci associated with
dewlap traits. Despite the strong imprint of invasion history on dewlap
variation, we also detect significant relationships between dewlap
traits and local environmental conditions. Thus, our results are also
consistent with natural selection influencing trait evolution during the
brown anole invasion. Our study clarifies the importance of ancestry and
admixture in shaping phenotypes during biological invasion, while also
showing that some traits can respond adaptively to conditions
encountered in the invasive range despite potential constraints imposed
by invasion history.
Complete response to cetuximab plus paclitaxel therapy in nivolumab-refractory patients in distant metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a report of two cases
Authors: Tachinami Hidetake , Tomihara Kei , Takatsuka Danki , Ikeda Atsushi , Yamada Shinichi , Noguchi Makoto
Published: July 2022

Herein, we report two cases of patients diagnosed with
nivolumab-refractory distant metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the
tongue who were successfully treated with a combination of paclitaxel
and cetuximab, thus demonstrating that some nivolumab-refractory
patients with recurrent or distant metastatic oral squamous cell
carcinoma may benefit from subsequent salvage chemotherapy.
Aortic remodeling, distal stent-graft induced new entry and endoleak following frozen elephant trunk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jubouri Matti , Nakhaei Pooria , Bashir Mohamad , Banar Sepideh , Ilkhani Saba , Borzeshi Elahe Zare , Rezaei Yousef , Mousavizadeh Mostafa , Tadayon Niki , Idhrees Mohammed , Hosseini Saeid
Published: July 2022

Background: The introduction of the frozen elephant trunk (FET)
technique for total arch replacement (TAR) has revolutionized the field
of aortovascular surgery. However, although FET yields excellent
results, the risk of certain complications requiring secondary
intervention remains present, negating its one-step hybrid advantage
over conventional techniques. This systematic review and meta-analysis
sought to evaluate controversies regarding the incidence of FET-related
complications, with a focus on aortic remodeling, distal stent-graft
induced new entry (dSINE) and endoleak, in patients with type A aortic
dissection (TAAD) and/or thoracic aortic aneurysm. Materials and
methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple
electronic databases including EMBASE, Scopus, and PubMed/MEDLINE to
identify evidence on TAR with FET in patients with TAAD and/or aneurysm.
Studies published up until January 2022 were included, and after
applying exclusion criteria, a total of 43 studies were extracted.
Results: A total of 5068 patients who underwent FET procedure
were included. The pooled estimates of dSINE and endoleak were 2% (95%
CI 0.01-0.06, I = 78%) and 3% (95% CI 0.01-0.11,
I = 89%), respectively. The pooled rate of
secondary thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) post-FET was 7%
(95% CI 0.05-0.12, I = 89%) whilst the pooled rate
of false lumen thrombosis at the level of stent-graft was 91% (95% CI
0.75-0.97, I = 92%). After subgroup analysis,
heterogeneity for dSINE and endoleak resolved among European patients,
where Thoraflex Hybrid and E-Vita stent-grafts were used (both I
= 0%). In addition, heterogeneity for secondary
TEVAR after FET resolved among Asians receiving Cronus (I
= 15.1%) and Frozenix stent
grafts (I = 1%).
Conclusion: Our results showed that the FET procedure in
patients with TAAD and/or aneurysm is associated with excellent results,
with a particularly low incidence of dSINE and endoleak as well as
highly favorable aortic remodeling. However the type of stent-graft and
the study location were sources of heterogeneity, emphasizing the need
for multicenter studies directly comparing FET grafts. Finally,
Thoraflex Hybrid can be considered the primary FET device choice due to
its superior results.
Synergism between metformin and sildenafil in a model of experimental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Benavides-Cordoba Vicente , Castaño Santiago , Varela Maria Ximena , Palacios Mauricio
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: Drug repositioning is a promising strategy that
can be applied to treating pulmonary hypertension, especially in the
early stages of the disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the
synergism between metformin and sildenafil in an experimental model of
pulmonary hypertension. Experimental approach: A model of pulmonary
hypertension induced by a low dose of monocrotaline (30 mg/kg) was
implemented in Wistar rats, and three treatment schemes were compared:
metformin (100 mg/kg/day), sildenafil (30 mg/kg/day) and combined
therapy of metformin and sildenafil. Right ventricular ejection fraction
and pulmonary artery acceleration were estimated by echocardiography,
right ventricular hypertrophy was measured with the Fulton index, and
hemodynamic changes were obtained by right heart catheterization.
Hematoxylin Eosin and Masson’s Trichrome stains evaluated vascular wall
thickness and pulmonary fibrosis. With immunohistochemistry were
evaluated muscularization (Anti-SMA), adhesion of endothelial cells
(CD31) and Proliferation (Ki67). In addition, the toxicity of the model
was evaluated with liver and kidney tests. Key Results: The therapeutic
regimens reduced cardiac remodeling, the addition of metformin to
sildenafil treatment was superior to monotherapy, considerably reducing
muscularization and proliferation, reaching normal levels. No
differences were found in liver protein and enzyme levels between the
groups. Conclusion and Implications: Metformin combined with sildenafil
was superior to monotherapy in reducing cell proliferation and
muscularization of the pulmonary arterioles. Metformin therapy shows
promise as an adjunct to standard sildenafil therapy; This research
supports proofs of concept in humans and proposes this drug as a
repositioning strategy in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Reforming the global public health regime: Towards global governance
Authors: Novicic Zaklina
Published: July 2022

The paper addresses the ongoing international health regime reform, which should end in 2024 with the adoption of a new pandemic treaty or a revision of existing international health regulations. This process has not gone too far in its current stage of development. However, there is certainly an agenda to centralise global health governance, which includes various public and private interests and actors. Using a structural-institutional approach, the author assesses the degree of development of transnational centralisation of the international health regime, focuses attention on its important agency, actors, and interests, and indicates omissions in terms of governmental accountability and human rights manifested in this process.
Prospects of SETI by small size optical telescopes
Authors: Osmanov Z.N. , Berezhiani V.I.
Published: July 2022

In the present manuscript we consider the possibility of conducting SETI with
small-size (with diameters less than 1 m) optical telescopes. Calculations
are performed for typical parameters of the mentioned type of telescopes. In
particular, we show that the techno-signatures of Type-2.x and Type-3.x
civilizations might be detected. It is demonstrated that it is possible to
detect hot megastructures (up to 4000 K) built around Main Sequence stars
and pulsars, as well as von Neumann extraterrestrial probes.
Denoising electrocardiogram signals using multiband filter and its implementation on FPGA
Authors: Patel Vandana , Shah Ankit
Published: July 2022

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal carries vital information related to cardiac activities. While measuring ECG using electrodes, the signal is contaminated with powerline interference (PLI) from harmonics, baseline wandering (BW), motion artefacts (MA) and high frequency (HF) noise. The extraction of the ECG signal, without the loss of useful information from the noisy environment, is required. Therefore, the selection and implementation of an efficient filter design is proposed. The Finite Impulse Response (FIR)-based multiband needs separate digital filters, such as Lowpass, Highpass, and Bandstop Filter in cascade. The coefficients of the FIR multiband filter are optimised using a least squares optimisation method and realised in a direct form symmetrical structure. The capability of the proposed filter is evaluated on a Physionet ECG ID database, having records of inherent noisy ECG signals. The performance is also verified by measuring the power spectrum of the noisy and filtered ECG waveform. Also, the feasibility of the proposed multiband filter is investigated on Xilinx ISE and the design is implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. A low order simple multiband filter structure is designed and implemented on the reconfigurable FPGA device.
Modeling and realization of photovoltaic simulator based on a buck DC-DC converter
Authors: Abjadi Navid
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a simple accurate model for photovoltaic (PV) modules
suitable for implementation by digital signal processors (DSPs). A buck
DC-DC converter is employed to realize the PV characteristic appropriately.
Three controllers set forth for current control according to PV voltage to
achieve fast and accurate convergence. Computer simulation results are
presented to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed PV system.
Moreover, a practical setup is made and the proposed method using the
obtained model for different temperatures and solar irradiations is tested
in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Physical Function in Middle-aged and Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Long-term Follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study
Authors: Martin Catherine L. , Trapani Victoria R. , Backlund Jye-Yu C. , Lee Pearl , Braffett Barbara H. , Bebu Ionut , Lachin John M. , Jacobson Alan M. , Gubitosi-Klug Rose , Herman William H. ,   the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

To describe the prevalence and clinical correlates of functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Functional limitations were assessed for 1,094 participants in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, a multicenter, longitudinal, observational follow-up of participants with type 1 diabetes randomly assigned to intensive or conventional diabetes therapy during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). The primary outcome measure was a score <10 on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The secondary outcome, self-reported functional limitation, was assessed by written questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of both outcomes with demographic and clinical factors (glycemic and nonglycemic factors, micro- and macrovascular complications, DCCT cohort, and treatment assignment).

RESULTS

Participants were 53% male, with mean ± SD age 59.5 ± 6.8 years and diabetes duration 37.9 ± 4.9 years. The prevalence of SPPB score <10 was 21%. The prevalence of self-reported functional limitations was 48%. While DCCT treatment assignment was not associated with physical function outcomes measured ∼25 years after the end of the DCCT, the time-weighted mean DCCT/EDIC HbA1c was associated with both outcomes. Other clinical factors associated with both outcomes in multivariable analyses were BMI, general psychological distress, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy.

CONCLUSIONS

Almost half of the middle-aged and older adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes reported functional limitations, which were associated with higher HbA1c and BMI, general psychological distress, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Future research is needed to determine whether these findings are generalizable.
Perioperative Fully Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Herzig David , Suhner Simon , Roos Jonathan , Schürch Daniel , Cecchini Luca , Nakas Christos T. , Weiss Salome , Kadner Alexander , Kocher Gregor J. , Guensch Dominik P. , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Raabe Andreas , Siebenrock Klaus A. , Beldi Guido , Gloor Beat , Hovorka Roman , Vogt Andreas P. , Bally Lia
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Perioperative management of glucose levels remains challenging. We aimed to assess whether fully closed-loop subcutaneous insulin delivery would improve glycemic control compared with standard insulin therapy in insulin-requiring patients undergoing elective surgery.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Patients with diabetes (other than type 1) undergoing elective surgery were recruited from various surgical units and randomly assigned using a minimization schedule (stratified by HbA1c and daily insulin dose) to fully closed-loop insulin delivery with fast-acting insulin aspart (closed-loop group) or standard insulin therapy according to local clinical practice (control group). Study treatment was administered from hospital admission to discharge (for a maximum of 20 days). The primary end point was the proportion of time with sensor glucose in the target range (5.6–10.0 mmol/L).

RESULTS

Forty-five patients were enrolled and assigned to the closed-loop (n = 23) or the control (n = 22) group. One patient (closed-loop group) withdrew from the study before surgery and was not analyzed. Participants underwent abdominal (57%), vascular (23%), orthopedic (9%), neuro (9%), or thoracic (2%) surgery. The mean proportion of time that sensor glucose was in the target range was 76.7 ± 10.1% in the closed-loop and 54.7 ± 20.8% in the control group (mean difference 22.0 percentage points [95% CI 11.9; 32.0%]; P < 0.001). No episodes of severe hypoglycemia (<3.0 mmol/L) or hyperglycemia with ketonemia or any study-related adverse events occurred in either group.

CONCLUSIONS

In the context of mixed elective surgery, the use of fully closed-loop subcutaneous insulin delivery improves glucose control without a higher risk of hypoglycemia.
Comparing IADPSG and NICE diagnostic criteria for GDM in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: He Yuanying , Ma Ronald Ching-Wan , McIntyre H. David , Sacks David A. , Lowe Julia , Catalano Patrick M. , Tam Wing Hung
Published: July 2022

  

Objective: To compare the performance of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) proposed by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) with those endorsed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Research Design and Methods: We performed a secondary data analysis on the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study participants in five study centers. Logistic regression analyses were performed and Akaike information criterion were applied for the comparison of different statistical prediction models. We further analyzed the performance by four ethnic subgroups, namely, Whites, Hispanics, Asians and Blacks.

Results: Among all, IADPSG criteria diagnosed 267 (4.1%) more women with GDM, but predicted primary caesarean section (CS), large for gestation (LGA) and neonatal adiposity better than did NICE criteria after adjustment for potential confounders. Among Whites, IADPSG criteria diagnosed 65 (2.5%) more subjects with GDM, and predicted LGA and neonatal adiposity better, but predicted hypertensive disorders, primary CS and clinical neonatal hypoglycemia worse. Among Hispanics, the IADPSG criteria diagnosed 203 (12.1%) more with GDM but performed better in predicting hypertensive disorders, LGA, neonatal adiposity and hyperinsulinemia. Among Asians, the IADPSG criteria diagnosed 34 (2.0%) fewer subjects with GDM but predicted hypertensive disorders better in the unadjusted model. In Blacks, IADPSG criteria diagnosed 34 (10.5%) more women with GDM.

Conclusion: IADPSG criteria appear to be more favorable than NICE for identification of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Hispanic and Asian women, while it is comparable to NICE among the Whites.

  