bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency, Pattern and Management of Dog Bite injuries in Children in a Developing Country
Authors: Sharif Muhammad , Bashir Kashif , Arif Hafiz Muhammad , Hassan Ahmad , Azam Muhammad , Soban Sharif Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Aims: To collect and analyze data regarding frequency, pattern, and management of dog bite injuries in children so that it can be reported to health authorities to launch preventive measures plan against dog bite trauma in children and make sure availability of immunoglobulin and vaccine in proper quantity at proper place to prevent its misuse and expiry. Study design: Observational descriptive study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Surgery King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital Lahore. Duration of study: One year from January 2018 to December 2018. Methods: All patients with dog bite injuries admitted through emergency in department of Pediatric Surgery King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital Lahore were included in the study. Demographic data regarding age, gender, mechanism and severity of dog bite trauma and management recorded on detailed Performa. Results: During one year period a total of 445 patients with dog bite injuries presented in pediatric surgical emergency. Out of these 37.8% patients were admitted and 62.2% patients with minor injury were discharged on same day after proper wound management and vaccination in emergency department. Majority were males and most common age at presentation was from 4-8 years. Conclusion: As dog bite injuries are preventable so there is need to give education to children and families about preventive measures against dog bite injuries and proper treatment like immunoglobulin and vaccination. Keywords: Dog bite trauma, children, Frequency, management
Frequency of Gastric Varices in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleed
Authors: Iltaf Mohammad , Khan Dilaram , Kashif Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Aim: To establish the frequency of gastric varices in patients presenting with upper GI bleed. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Gastroenterology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 11th May 2018 to 11th November 2018. Methodology: Ninety three patients with upper GI bleed were enrolled. After brief history and clinical evaluation, prompt resuscitation was done. Patient underwent a careful upper GI endoscopic evaluation after initial resuscitation. All endoscopic procedures were carried out by a single gastroenterologist of at least assistant professor level to detect gastric varices. All the information’s collected were recorded Results: The mean age was 37±12.2 years. Fifty four percent patients were male while 46% patients were female. Twenty two percent patients had gastric varices while 78% patients didn’t had gastric varices. Conclusion: The frequency of gastric varices was 22% in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleed. Key words: Gastric varices, Upper, Gastrointestinal bleed
Choroidal Thickness in Normal Pakistani Eyes using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Farooq Nesr , Mazhar Syed Abdullah , Mehmood Faisal , Ahmad Ghauri Hafiz Waqar , Kakar Abdul Bari , Amin Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Background: Information on choroidal thickness may be helpful in a variety of clinical settings for diagnosis, treatment, and disease progression assessment. Aim: To assess the choroidal thickness in normal Pakistani eyes using swept source optical coherence tomography. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Ophthalmology, Shalimar Medical & Dental College from 1st March 2021 to 31st August 2021. Methodology: Three hundred eyes were included from 150 healthy individuals. A thorough eye examination was performed for all the included participants. Choroidal thickness was measured by using swept source optical coherence tomography. Results: The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 296.80±145.13 µ. The nasal outer macula was observed minimum mean choroidal thickness of 240.3±120.12 µ while in superior inner macula it was maximum mean choroidal thickness of 307.91±122.76µ. A non-significant (p=0.0731) and negative correlation (r = −0.0887) of age was observed with subfoveal choroidal thickness. The correlation of refractive error with subfoveal choroidal thickness was positive (r = 0.2271) and significant statistically (P = 0.001). Negative correlation (r = −0.3273) of the axial length was observed with subfoveal choroidal thickness (p=0.021). Conclusion: The increase of axial length and age, decreases in the choroidal thickness occur. Key words: Choroidal thickness; Normal eyes; Swept source optical chohence tomography (OCT)
Diagnostic Value of Skin Manifestations in Neonates in First 72 Hours of Birth
Authors: Siddiqa Somayya , Naheed Aqsa , Mushtaq Saba , Ashraf Sohail , Khan Sundus , Noor Sobia , Dar Nasser Rashid
Published: January 2022

Background: Newborn skin undergo various stages of developmental changes after birth in order to adapt to challenging conditions of extrauterine life. Many dermatoses though appearing challenging could actually be momentary or physiological undergoing rapid involution, therefore, a vital knowledge of neonatal skin biology is essential for all dermatologists. Aim: To study the clinical pattern of various dermatoses in neonates and their diagnostic value. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Paediatrics, HIT Hospital Taxila from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: One hundred neonates within first 72 hours of life regardless of gestational age, sex and mode of delivery were selected. Neonates kept in intensive care unit were not included, as the chances of infection and sepsis are more in them. A detailed history was taken. Dermatological examination of all the neonates was done thoroughly in broad day light to accurately define the morphology of skin lesions. In all instances, the diagnosis of skin lesion was exclusively based upon the clinical impression. Results: There were 42 (42%) males and 58 (58%) females. 74% were full term and 26% were preterm,79% had normal birth weight (2.5-3.5 kg) and 21% had low birth weight (<2.5kg). Cutaneous findings were positive in 87 (87%). 79% had normal physiological cutaneous manifestations and transient skin changes and only 8% had pathological skin changes. Conclusion: Majority of the skin manifestation within 72 hours after birth are either physiological or benign that last for sometimes. Key words: Neonate, Skin manifestations, Prevalence
Clinical and Immunological Profile of Childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Observational Study
Authors: Qamar Sobia , Naz Samia , Batool Saima , Rehman Rabeya , Mushtaq Asma , Yasin Alvi Muhammad , Laique Talha
Published: January 2022

Background: Childhood SLE is a severe autoimmune disease involving multiple systems that effect peoples globally. Aim: To delineate the spectrum of clinical manifestations of childhood SLE at the Government Children’s Hospital Lahore. Study design: Descriptive observational study. Methodology: Study was carried out at department of Pediatric medicine, unit 1, Children’s hospital Lahore from January 2016 to December 2019. Applying a nonprobability convenience sampling technique, children between 1-16 years of age with childhood systemic lupus erythematosus attending rheumatology outpatient clinic or admitted through emergency were included in study. Written and verbal informed consent was obtained after explanation of study purpose. Results: There were 59 (78.70%) female and 16 (28.3%) male patients enrolled in the study. Mean age at diagnosis was 10.89±3.4% years. Female predominance was noticeable. Amongst the clinical features fever (96%) was the commonest, followed by oral ulcers (74.70%), alopecia (72%), renal manifestations (69.30%), rash (61.30%), arthritis (56%), and hematological abnormalities (48%), photosensitivity (44%), neurological features (36%) in 24% of patients. Conclusion: It was concluded that disease was prevalent among all races around the world but in South Asia there are few studies available on its prevalence. Timely diagnosis by a detailed history, physical examination and laboratory evaluation can improve the chances of prolonged disease-free periods and better survival of children. Keywords: Childhood SLE, ACR and SLICC.
Knowledge & Practice of GCS Among Nurses Working at ICU: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kanwal Nazia , Inayat Amtul , . Zarnigar , . Ajmal , Anjum Saima , Anjum Naima , Latif Waqas
Published: January 2022

Background: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a standard check list, to implement in clinical valuation awareness is examined by a set of actions known as neuropsychological assessment. Aim: To assess the Knowledge and practice of nurses about GCS working in ICUs. Study design: Descriptive Cross sectional study. Methodology: Study population included 150 nurses working in ICU of 02 public sector hospitals, Lahore General Hospital and Services Hospital of Lahore. Nurse’s knowledge was evaluated by using an adapted modified self-administered questionnaire and their practices were evaluated by direct observation through a checklist. ICUs nurses study participants based on inclusion criteria. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 26 as qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies %ages Results: The results clarify that highest percentage 52.7% of participant’s age is between 26-30years, 56.7% respond correctly about the specific sections of scale, 42% responds correctly to the lowest score. 66.7% nurses correct answered to the initial devise to assess the level of consciousness. However 86.7% nurses have adequate level of knowledge that it is used to assess the traumatic brain injury. Conclusion: We concluded that participants are having adequate level of knowledge and performance in evaluating level of conscious in ICU patients. Hence, health care settings are required to provide GCS charts and protocols for patient’s safety and better outcome. Keywords: Assessment, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Knowledge and Practice.
Frequency Distribution of Demographic Variables among Victims of Burns of Domestic Violence – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Munir Javaid , Haq Zia Ul , Serwer Ambreen , Batool Naz , Sibtain Fazli Muhammad Anwar , Buzdar Zulfiqar Ali
Published: January 2022

Background: Burns are common occurrences of daily routine. The working environment and accidents invariably result in burns which unfortunately cannot be stopped. There definitely are certain factor which need to be assessed and addressed. Demographic variables like that of age, gender, marital status, family size, gross family income, literacy grades and occupation could be one of the vital aspects which need further research exploration to see frequencies of burns incidents. Aim: To assess the most involved demographic variables in frequency of burns incidents for domestic violence. Methods: The study population comprised of 250 unfortunate victim of burns of domestic violence reported in the Accident and Emergency Department of Mayo Hospital Lahore between December 2017 to August 2018. Results: The study revealed the minor age groups, females more than males, married adults, average family size, middle socio-economic class, lower grades of literacy and labor class subjects suffer the higher frequencies of burns incidents. Keywords: Age, Gender, Family Size, Marital Status, Income, Literacy Level, Occupation, Burns, Frequency
The Pattern of Abdominal Trauma in Ramadi city: An Experience of 74 Cases
Authors: Fakhree AL-Ubaide Amer , Al-Ani Raid M. , Khalaf Saeed Hamad
Published: January 2022

Background: The abdomen is the third part of the body subjected to trauma. Abdominal trauma (AT) is divided into penetrating and blunt injuries, which differ in their distribution according to geographical areas. Early management can reduce its high morbidity and mortality rate. Objectives: To evaluate the socio-clinical, operative findings, complications, and fatality rate of subjects with AT. Patients and methods: Patients with isolated AT admitted to the emergency unit in the Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi City, Iraq, and subjected to exploratory laparotomy were enrolled in the study. The study covered a period of 9 months (June 2019 to February 2020). Demographic, clinical, operative findings, and the outcomes were registered and analyzed for all patients. Results: At our hospital, 1119 patients were presented to the casualty with trauma during the study period, 74 (6.6%) of them with AT. Most of the patients were in the age group 18-30 years (50%) and the males formed 90.5% of the cases. Around 90% of the subjects were with penetrating AT, with gunshot (79.7%) being the commonest cause. Around 80% of the patients were presented within 1–12 hours following the trauma. There were 3 or more injured organs (58.1%) found during the operations. The small bowel (38/66) was the most injured organ in penetrating injury, while the liver (6/8) was the most traumatized organ in blunt trauma. The fatality rate showed a statistically significant effect with the age of the patients, time of presentation, mean systolic blood pressure, and hospitalization period (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: AT showed a prevalence of 6.6%. Penetrating AT outnumbers the blunt injury. The mortality rate was 20.3%. Factors such as the youngest age group, a long time elapsed following trauma, lower mean systolic blood pressure, and long hospitalization period have increased the death rate.
COVID 19, tuberculose et VIH : des associations possibles, y penser plus souvent!
Authors: Harouna Amadou ML , Ibrahim Mamadou AK , Hama Aghali N , Nameywa B , Abdoulaye O , Amadou O , Doutchi M , Maidakoalé C , Kabirou Amoussa A , Thomas GI
Published: January 2022

Introduction : Devenue rapidement une pandémie, la COVID 19 peut s’associer à plusieurs pathologies. L’objectif de ce travail était de rapporter trois cas cliniques d’infection au nouveau coronavirus associés à la co-infectiontuberculose/VIH. Observation : Nous rapportons trois observations de coinfection COVID 19 – tuberculose/VIH, il s’agissait de trois patients de sexe masculin respectivement âgés de 18, 39 et 55 ans. Les diagnostics retenus étaient de pleurésie tuberculeuse,de coinfection tuberculose pulmonaire à bactériologie positive-VIH. Ces diagnostics étaient associés au COVID 19. Le GeneXpert MTB/RIF positif pour les deux pleurésies et la bascilloscopie positive pour la tuberculose parenchymateuse. Les sérologies VIH étaient négatives pour deux des patients de la série. Les trois patients avaient une sérologie COVID 19 positive. Le traitement de la COVID 19 reçu par ces trois patients était basé essentiellement sur le protocole national fait d’hydroxychloroquine et d’azithromycine. La tuberculose et le VIH étaient également pris en charge selon le protocole national de lutte contre la tuberculose et le VIH. L’évolution était favorable pour ces trois patients sous les différents traitements reçus.Conclusion: Devant un tableau de symptomatologie respiratoire, dans ce contexte de COVID 19, il est important de penser au diagnostic de tuberculose, et au-delà au VIH qui s’associe le plus fréquemment à la tuberculose.
Survival of rehabilitated and released red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis)
Authors: Sandberg Jacqueline E. , Van deelen Timothy R. , Berres Mark E.
Published: January 2022

Wildlife rehabilitation provides responsible care for sick, injured or orphaned wild animals with the goal of releasing fully recovered individuals back into the environment. Post-release survival data for these animals remain sparse but necessary to measure and assess the impact of wildlife rehabilitation as a conservation strategy. This study used national banding data to quantitatively compare annual survival of wild-caught (non-rehabilitated) and rehabilitated red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). In addition, 13 rehabilitated and released red-tailed hawks from Dane County Humane Society’s Wildlife Center (DCHS, Madison, WI) were monitored using radio telemetry. Annual survival of rehabilitated and radio-tagged red-tailed hawks from DCHS was 36% over 85 weeks of monitoring. Nationally, wild red-tailed hawk annual survival (0.777; 95% CI [0.768, 0.777]) was largely equivalent to estimates reported in other published studies. These estimates reflect average survival over 40 years in a fully time-dependent model (variance component estimated using the Delta Method; Powell 2007). Rehabilitated red-tailed hawks had an annual survival of 0.549 (95% CI: 0.523, 0.575]) over 43 years. These values reflect model-averaged estimates from time-independent survival models (recovery was time dependent) that were equivalent in terms of likelihood (Brownie = Seber = wi = 0.50). Consequently, survival of rehabilitated red-tailed hawks was approximately 22% lower than wild-caught individuals. Furthermore, young (hatch-year) red-tailed hawks experienced increased mortality (34%) relative to those rehabilitated as adults (0.255; 95% CI [0.199, 0.321] versus 0.598; 95% CI [0.571, 0.624], respectfully). The results of this study demonstrate the need for additional post-release monitoring and may guide future management decisions regarding wildlife rehabilitative criteria, practice and viability.
PREVALÊNCIA DE DEPRESSÃO, ANSIEDADE E ESTRESSE PROFISSIONAL EM DOCENTES DE UM CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO PRIVADO NA ZONA DA MATA MINEIRA: UM REFLEXO DA PANDEMIA OU APENAS RESULTADO DO TRABALHO?
Authors: Silva Letícia Vieira da , Oliveira André  Ambrósio Pires de , Almeida Daniel Mendes de , Camargos Gustavo Leite , Fófano Gisele Aparecida
Published: January 2022

Introdução: O coronavírus infectou e matou inúmeras pessoas, para contê-lo surgiram as medidas de isolamento e distanciamento social. No meio acadêmico, foi instituído o ensino remoto adaptado, assim os professores se inseriram num contexto onde a tecnologia e a gestão de tempo podem ser ou não aliadas. Objetivos: traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos professores e avaliar transtornos como estresse no trabalho, depressão e ansiedade. Métodos: Estudo transversal quantitativo que utilizou 4 questionários, 3 já validados adaptados para modelo virtual e 1 autoral online, o convite foi feito por e-mail e whatsapp. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 22 professores de 10 cursos diferentes, de maioria feminina, em união estável, com renda até 10 salários e menos que 39 anos de idade. Destes, 12 (54.6%) foram classificados como levemente depressivos e 2 (9.1%) como graves, para a ansiedade 5 (22.7%) eram leves, 2 (9.09%) moderados e 1 (4.54%) severo, para o estresse 5 (22.7%) detinham alto grau, e do total 8 (36.4%) possuíam mais de um diagnóstico. Conclusão: Embora a adesão tenha sido menor do que a esperada, os resultados parecem indicar uma tendência ao adoecimento e recaídas em professores, sendo necessário avaliar as variáveis relacionadas às enfermidades.
Educational information technologies in pandemic
Authors: Kunderevych Olena , Bogonis Petro , Kliuchko Yuliia , Chukhrai Liubov , Sinenko Oksana
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article is to analyze information technologies in education in a pandemic, to identify the main advantages and disadvantages of their use in the educational process. The following research methods were used to solve the set tasks: theoretical (study and analysis of scientific and pedagogical, psychological and pedagogical, reference, specialized literature, regulatory documentation on the topic of research, additional professional advanced training programs; analysis, comparison, classification of the information received and generalization); empirical (pedagogical experiment, observation, questionnaire survey, survey, conversation, testing); mathematical (statistical data processing). The article raises a problem that is caused by the need to find the best ways to form the digital literacy of a teacher in the process of professional development in the developing information space. Among the main problems of the information society, important are those that relate to the philosophical and pedagogical foundations of the strategy for the development of education in Ukraine, including problems related to informatization and computerization of the educational process, the emergence of the concept of digitalization of the individual. Telecommunications occupy the main place in the educational process of modern higher education. The main disadvantages and advantages of using multimedia technologies in education are analyzed.
Integrated ABC/VEN-Analysis of Drug Prescriptions in Pharmacotherapeutic Schemes for Relief of Drunken Forms of Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Chuiev Yurii , Shapovalova Viktoriia
Published: January 2022

An integrated ABC/VEN analysis of drug prescriptions in pharmacotherapeutic schemes for the relief of alcoholic dependence was performed. A retrospective analysis of seventy-five anonymized case histories of patients who sought medical help with drunken forms of alcoholic dependence was processed. The scheme of basic pharmacotherapy of relief of drunken forms of alcoholic dependence, developed by associate professor Yurii Chuiev for carrying out interdisciplinary study was used. Substantiated that the introduction of the developed innovative treatment algorithm, with the use of laser therapy, infusion therapy, anticonvulsants and hepatoprotectors allowed to create an effective treatment complex to alleviate this drug pathology. Pharmacoeconomic research was based on organizational and legal, clinical and pharmacological standards. Dosage forms of drugs according to medicinal purposes have been established in pharmacotherapeutic regimens for the relief of drunken forms of alcoholic dependence (tablets occupy 23.1% of appointments, solutions – 76.9%). The results of ABC analysis were given. Category A included seven INNs of drugs, the share of which was 81.13% of the total cost of pharmacotherapy of alcoholic dependence. Category B included four INNs of drugs with a cost share of 15.07%. In the category of C – two INNs of drugs with a share of costs of 4.80% for pharmacotherapy of relief of drunken states of alcoholic dependence. Overall, 85% of the studied drugs were included in pharmacotherapy as Vital, 15% as Essential. The results of the study can be used in conducting of budget tenders for the purchase of drugs, the rational use of drugs, the inclusion of drugs in regional and local forms for pharmacotherapy for the relief of drunken forms of drugs in healthcare facilities.
As esmolas dos sobejos: aspetos assistenciais da Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1715-1750)
Authors: Pegacha Pardal Francisco José
Published: January 2022

In 1646, Our Lady of Conception of Vila Viçosa was proclaimed patroness of Portugal by king John IV. The liturgical service to the patroness was made by the Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição, which had big incomes. A small portion was allocated to alms, both in wheat and in money. The main beneficiaries were women widows and orphans, although confreres of brotherhood and some convents were also contemplated.
«Maternidade ou antecâmara de um inferno feminino?» Alfredo da Costa e a saúde materno-infantil
Authors: Reis Maria de Fátima
Published: January 2022

The paper analyzes the conditions of the Santa Barbara childbirth ward, at the Royal Hospital of S. José, based on the understanding of Alfredo da Costa, a professor at the Lisbon Medical-Surgical School, an obstetrician at this hospital and the director of this maternity. Both the opening lessons of the Medical-Surgical School Obstetrics Course in 1899 and 1900, as well as the report delivered in 1906 to the Lisbon Medical-Surgical School Council, denounce the deficient conditions of the space and the lack of essential materials indispensable to the proper functioning of the ward, as well as the poor physical state of the parturients.
Chamas reveladoras: O fogo de Santelmo e outros fenômenos naturais na literatura portuguesa de viagens
Authors: Jones Jordan
Published: January 2022

In this text, I analyze the descriptions and interpretations of various natural phenomena that appear in the Portuguese travel literature from of the 16th and 17th centuries: waterspouts, St. Elmo’s fire, bioluminescence, and lunar halos. This text employs D. João de Castro’s Roteiro de Lisboa a Goa as an outline, comparing Castro’s descriptions to those in Os Lusíadas, História trágico-marítima, and Antonio Pigaphetta’s The first voyage round the world, among others. By analyzing these historical and literary sources, I intend to show that the tone used in describing the natural phenomena can be a clear indication of each author’s purpose in his text — a microcosm of the approach adopted and of the arguments created by the author, reflecting his political or social outlook in sixteenth or seventeenth-century Portugal.
Strategic Analysis of Maritime Situation in Indian Ocean- Challenges and Prospects for Pakistan
Authors: Qayyum Sehrish
Published: January 2022

Strategic maritime environment of Indian Ocean is rigorously changing in the course of last two decades. Regional focus has sharply shifted from territorial to maritime borders, largely impacting transnational ties in wake of defense and security measures. This insight covers background of strategic maritime environment of Indian Ocean along with shifting trends after the launch of China’s “Belt Road Initiative”. This discourse also covers impact of COVID crisis on maritime environment of IO and recent tactical reorientation of global powers in the region. Furthermore, Strategic analysis of maritime power of Indian Ocean is done in calibration of the narrative. USA, China, India, Australia, and Pakistan are taken under keen sight of policy analysis. Opportunities and challenges for Pakistan in lieu of this discussion is penned down categorically. Development of Maritime Security Strategy of Pakistan (MSSP) with commensurate needs is focused as a result of the deliberate policy and maritime environment study of IOR. Cogent recommendations are offered to Pakistan Navy and Government of the State to fill the lapse on way to emerging naval power of Western Indian Ocean. It is qualitative research employing descriptive chronological discussion targeting theme in the larger perspective.
Strategic Impact of Submarines in Indo – Pak Wars – a Comparative Analysis
Authors: Khan Naveed A
Published: January 2022

A lot has been written on the conduct of 1965 and 1971 wars by both Indian and Pakistani sides but most literature focuses on land warfare. Naval aspects of these wars are covered in the official histories and other books mainly written by Indian authors. No dedicated literature is available focusing on submarine operations. In 1961, the quest for submarines was commenced simultaneously by both Indian and Pakistani navies. The first submarine PNS/M GHAZI was acquired by Pakistan in 1964 whereas the first Indian submarine INS/M KALVARI was commissioned as late as 1967. The disadvantage of not having a submarine by IN was glaring in the 1965 war when IN was mostly confined to its own waters. In the 1971 war, both sides possessed submarines. Pakistani submarines created strategic cum tactical effects in both eastern and western theatres. PNS/M GHAZI’s over 3000 miles long voyage to the Indian east coast restricted IN aircraft carrier to Andaman Islands. PNS/M HANGOR’s sinking of INS KHUKRI on 9 December 1971 with 18 officers and 176 men on board changed the balance of war after IN’s devastating attacks on PN ships and Karachi on 4th and 8th December 1971. This article is an endeavour to analyse the roles played by submarine arms of IN and PN in Indo-Pak wars. The article also examines as to why PN submarines were more effective at the strategic and tactical levels vis a vis their counterparts in IN. Due to dearth of credible sources, PN submarines’ narrative is built upon eye witness accounts whereas IN events have been taken from credible Indian sources.
Degradation of Coast and Coastal Habitat in Pakistan- Propose Preventive Measures for Sustainable Development
Authors: Khan Zahoor , Uneza Uneza
Published: January 2022

Coastlines are the interface between the open oceans and the terrestrial environments. Due to their unique habitat and resourcefulness, they provide ecosystem services of all types to the communities. They not only support the life under water but also provide breeding grounds to several bird species. The quality of coastlines and coastal waters is affected by a complex nexus of interrelated ecological, physical, chemical, and biological aspects and stressors. The conditions of coastlines are also an indicator of the changes in climatic patterns. In this century, we have evidenced various spatial and temporal changes occurring in coastal waters globally. The frequency of extreme extremes including Tsunamis and Cyclones increased. The glacial melting has resulted in sea level rise which has affected millions of people globally. Other challenges include intrusion of sea water into freshwater aquifers and land subsidence. Human activities have also contributed to degradation of coastal areas at large and have also contributed towards enhancing these challenges. The coastal areas and the marine resources of Pakistan are not only an integral part of natural capital but also a major contributor in national economy. The coastal cities are serving as industrial hubs, there are international seaports, diversity of habitats and rich fauna including sea creatures, dolphins, turtles, porpoises are the key distinguishing features. Unfortunately, rather than utilizing the full potential of this Blue Economy, we have evidenced degradation of coastal habitats in Pakistan. This calls for policy interventions and advocacy to ensure that the degradation of coastal areas could be stopped and mitigation measures are being adopted. This paper focuses on proposing measures to protect the coastline and coastal habitat of Pakistan from degradation meanwhile capitalizing them to achieve sustainable development. The study plan includes 1) Identification of causes of degradation of coast and coastal habitat of Pakistan, 2) Evaluation of the effects of degradation of coast and coastal habitat on socio-economic and strategic installation of Pakistan, 3) Determining the needs for protection and proposing mitigation measures for sustainable development and 4) Assessment of the future economic potential of the coast of Pakistan.
Effect of Pot Size and Transplanting Date on Tuber Production Using Micro-Tubers of White Yam
Authors: Norman Prince Emmanuel , Kawa Matthew Sheku , Karim Kumba Yannah
Published: January 2022

Low multiplication ratio, long growth and development duration contribute to the long conventional breeding cycle of yams. Moreover, little is known about the effect of pot size and transplanting date on the yield of introduced semi-autotrophic hydroponics (SAH) derived micro-tubers of white yam (Dioscrearotundata Poir). This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pot size and transplanting date on tuber production of introduced SAH micro-tuber derived white yam var TDr9719177 in shed-house conditions. The SAH materials were introduced from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The trial involved two factors including two different pot sizes (38.5×28.5cm and 29.5×23.0cm) and two transplanting dates (September, 2020 and October, 2020). The results showed that micro-tubers grown in the big pot (38.5×28.5cm) significantly out yielded those established in the small pot (29.5×23.0cm). Transplanting in September produced heavier fresh tubers per plant (123.4g)and fresh tuber weight per tuber (88.8g) than transplanting in October, which had 17.4g and 14.1g, respectively. The mean difference of fresh tuber weight per plant between the transplanting pots was 68.4%, and between the transplanting dates was 85.9%. The mean difference of weight per tuber between the transplanting pots was 74.2%, and between the transplanting dates was 84.1%. The results suggested the relevance of early transplanting of healthy seedlings from SAH derived micro-tubers that could be exploited for deployment and promotion to seed yam producers for increased yam productivity. It also depicted the relevance of transplanting SAH micro-tubers in big container that promotes higher tuber production that could be exploited for the rapid multiplication of early generation seeds in yam breeding.
Platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injections for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a comparative study with up to 18-month follow-up
Authors: Annaniemi Juho Aleksi , Pere Jüri , Giordano Salvatore
Published: January 2022

Background: Given the complications involved in corticosteroid (CS) injections, subacromial platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections may provide a valid alternative to CS in the treatment of rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 98 patients affected by RC tendinopathy who were treated with either subacromial injection of PRP or CS. The PRP group received three injections of autologous PRP at 2 weeks interval, and the CS group received one injection of CS. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) was the primary outcome measure, while the secondary outcome measures were the visual analog scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM), and need for cuff repair surgery, which were analyzed at intervals of 6, 12, and 18 months.Results: A total of 75 patients were included in the analysis (PRP, n=35; CS, n=40). The mean follow-up for PRP was 21.1±8.7 months and for CS was 33.6±16.3 months (p<0.001). Both groups showed improvement in WORC, VAS, and ROM. No significant differences were detected between the two groups in any of the primary (WORC) or secondary outcomes over 6, 12, and 18 months (all p>0.05). No adverse events were detected.Conclusions: Both treatments improved patient symptoms, but neither resulted in a significantly better outcome in this series of patients. PRP can be a safe and feasible alternative to CS, even at long-term follow-up, to reduce local and systemic effects involved with CS injections.
Allergen-specific immunotherapy practices and course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients during COVID-19
Authors: Erkoç Merve , Öztürk Betül Özdel , Mungan Dilşad , Öztuna Derya , Bavbek Sevim , Demirel Yavuz Selim , Aydın Ömür , Sin Betül Ayşe
Published: January 2022

Background

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is accepted as the only disease-modifying therapy for IgE-mediated allergic airway diseases and hymenoptera venom allergy. AIT requires repeated contact between patient and physician or nurse in the hospital. Because it is a long-term treatment, compliance is essential issue to obtain maximal efficacy. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reshaped doctor-patient interaction and pattern of hospital admissions.

Objective

We aimed to determine the possible changes in the administration of AIT and associated factors, in addition to the characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection.

Methods

Adult patients who underwent AIT for hymenoptera venom allergy, allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma between 11 March 2020 and 31 January 2021 were included in our retrospective study. Perennial and preseasonal AIT practices were evaluated. We identified patients with COVID-19 infection among the ones who received AIT.

Results

The mean age of 215 patients was 37.8±11.9 years and 52.1% of the patients were female. In our study, 35.4% of perennial AIT patients did not continue treatment after the COVID-19 pandemic, and the cause was patient-related in 66.7% of the cases. Compliance was 70.7% in patients receiving perennial AIT. The highest compliance rate for AIT was for venom allergy (86.5%). Thirty-four patients (15.8%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. No mortality due to COVID-19 infection was observed in those who underwent AIT.

Conclusion

COVID-19 pandemic has reduced compliance to AIT. Compliance was higher in venom immunotherapy than in aeroallergens. Severe COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 related death were not observed in patients receiving AIT.
Manhaj al-Shaikh Muḥammad bin Ṣāliḥ al-ʿUthaimīn fī Taʿlīm al-Balāghah
Authors: Cholis Agus Santoso Nur
Published: January 2022

Pendidik atau pengajar dituntut untuk senantiasa meningkatkan keilmuan yang dimiliki, disamping keilmuan yang berkaitan dengan materi ajar, pendidik harus meningkatkan kemampuan atau keilmuannya berkaitan dengan cara atau metode bagaimana dia mengajar, peningkatan kemampuan metode mengajar bisa berasal dari pengalaman, namun hal ini tentunya memerlukan waktu yang tidak sebentar, selain itu peningkatan kemampuan mengajar juga bisa diperoleh dengan cara melihat praktek pengajaran yang dilakukan seseorang atau dengan membaca hasil-hasil penelitian mengenai metode-metode pembelajaran dan keefektifannya. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti akan memaparkan tentang metode pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh Shayikh Muhammad bin Shalih al ʿUthaimīn dalam materi al-balāghah. Penelitian ini merupakan studi buku; hal ini disebabkan asal dari buku Sharḥ durūs al-balāghah adalah pelajaran beliau yang direkam kemudian ditranskip. Dan dari penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti menemukan bahwa dalam proses pembelajaran balāghah beliau menggunakan metode berikut: Ceramah, Diskusi, Tanya Jawab. Disamping itu beliau selalu melakukan evaluasi di setiap akhir sesi untuk mengetahui atau mengukur pemahaman murid, adapun tujuan pembelajaran beliau adalah memahamkan murid terhadap isi dari buku durūs al-Balāghah, sehingga di dalam menjelaskannya beliau tidak banyak keluar dari tema atau menyebutkan perbedaan-perbedaan pendapat yang ada.
Grammar Translation Method in ESP: Traditions and Innovations
Authors: Sallier Tatiana , Samsonova Tatiana
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the role of grammar in an ESP class – to students who don’t specialize in English and need English primarily for professional reading. The authors argue that the most important language skill in English for special purposes in the framework of tertiary education is academic reading, which serves as a basis for developing academic speaking and academic writing skills. Teaching academic reading is impossible without a formal and systematic study of grammar. The principal grammatical phenomena needing special attention are outlined and several types of exercises which can be used in teaching grammar are recommended. It is shown that in some cases grammatical analysis provides cues for contextual guessing.
Evaluating the Promotion Requirements for the Appointment of Office-Based Educators in the Department of Basic Education in South Africa
Authors: Mbokazi Msawenkosi Sandile , Mkhasibe Rachel Gugu , Ajani Oluwatoyin Ayodele
Published: January 2022

Various promotion requirements are adopted in the appointment of classroom or subject educators as office-based educators or subject advisors (education specialists) in the Department of Basic Education. This qualitative adopted interpretive paradigm study sought to explore educators' lived experiences on the promotion requirements espoused by the Department for the appointment of qualified educators as office-based educators. Ten educator-participants were purposively selected for a semi-structured, face-to-face interview to collect in-depth data for the study. Collected data were thematically analysed to generate themes for the presentation and discussion of findings. The promotion requirements for office-based educators are inadequately utilised in the selection of suitable candidates for the posts. The study established an unfair promotion process in the appointment of office-based educators, and thus, many qualified educators are disadvantaged. The study recommends that promotion requirements should be adhered to in the selection process, to ensure fairness and social justice for all qualified candidates.
Wor, the Traditional Biak Folksongs: A Study of Their Metaphorical Expressions
Authors: Raymond Fatubun Reimundus , Rumansara Markus Ricky
Published: January 2022

Biak is a Papuan tribe inhabiting the Biak Island, to the north of mainland Papua. This tribe has a type of folksongs called wor. Using Nöth’s theory of metaphor and Haley’s 9 categories of the hierarchy of human perceptions, this study aimed to explore the metaphorical expressions (metaphiers) found in 17 wor lyrics through metapherein process to find their metaphands, and to identify the human perceptions in the metaphiers seen through the 9 categories. The study found that the Biak tribe expresses their concerns about life and its complexity as discovered in the metaphors found in the metaphands: happiness, deliverance, caring, preservation of culture, respect, longing for homeland, perseverance, youth reminder, evil spirit, inhumane treatment to others, fighting spirit, dexterity, vigilance, strong family support, ‘heaven’, the ritual for luck, and creator of the universe. Most languages in the world must have similar universal metaphors, but their meanings may be universal or local as is true with wor lyrics. Haley’s 9 categories were found. The categories observed are: Being was found 4 times in 4 lyrics; Cosmos was observed 2 times in 2 lyrics; Energy was found 2 times in 2 lyrics; Terrestrial was discovered 2 times in 2 lyrics; Object was found 2 times in 2 lyrics; Living was not found in these present data; Animate was not observed in these current data either; and Human was observed the most, 5 times in 5 lyrics.
Femoral Neck Stress Fractures: An Updated Review
Authors: Bernstein Ethan M. , Kelsey Thomas J. , Cochran Grant K. , Deafenbaugh Bradley K. , Kuhn Kevin M.
Published: January 2022

Femoral neck stress fractures represent a relatively rare spectrum of injuries that most commonly affect military recruits and endurance athletes. If unrecognized and if proper treatment is not initiated, this condition carries potentially devastating consequences. Patients will typically present with an insidious onset, atraumatic hip, and groin pain that is relieved with rest. The condition may be initially misdiagnosed because radiographs are often normal. Magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated superior specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy compared with other diagnostic modalities in identifying and classifying stress fractures of the femoral neck. Treatment algorithms are based on the MRI fracture morphology and presence of an intra-articular effusion. Nonsurgical management consists of a period of non–weight-bearing followed by gradual return to activity. Surgical management consists of prophylactic fracture fixation with cannulated screws to prevent fracture progression. If left untreated, patients may progress to a complete displaced femoral neck fracture, which can be associated with complications that include nonunion, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and long-term disability. These poor outcomes emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of incomplete femoral neck stress fractures.
Recent Trends in Private Equity Acquisition of Orthopaedic Practices in the United States
Authors: Boddapati Venkat , Danford Nicholas C. , Lopez Cesar D. , Levine William N. , Lehman Ronald A. , Lenke Lawrence G.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Private equity acquisition of medical specialty practices has increased in recent years. With the projected increase in the volume of elective, ambulatory orthopaedic procedures, especially in the outpatient setting, private equity firms are increasingly investing in orthopaedic practices. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to report recent trends and variations in acquisitions of US orthopaedic practices by private equity firms and other institutional investors (venture capital firms, trusts, and large investment companies).

Methods:

Acquisition data through January 1, 2020, were collected and analyzed using various financial databases, supplemented with publicly available information from financial news outlets, press releases, and financial analyst and industry reports. Disclosed financing data were also included, in addition to pertinent geographic information (state, city, and zip code) of the target practices.

Results:

Between 2004 and 2019, 41 orthopaedic practices and surgeon groups across 22 states were acquired by 34 private equity and other investment firms. A significant increase was observed in the number of acquisitions between 2017 and 2019, consisting of 70.7% of total transactions during the study period, with a statistically significant upward yearly trend (P = 0.002). The compound annual growth rate in acquisition volume was 29.2% during the study period. A disproportionate share of private equity acquisitions took place in the South, where more than half (51.2%) of the total transactions took place. Firms were markedly more likely to acquire or invest in practices located in major metropolitan areas (population more than 1 million) compared with those in mid-sized or rural areas (70.7%, 17.1%, 12.2%, respectively; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Private equity acquisition of orthopaedic surgery practices has increased markedly in recent years. The effect of private equity acquisition on physician independence, practice management, and procedure reimbursement remains unclear and may be important to explore as practice management evolves.

Level of evidence:

Prognostic Level III
Saúde Coletiva Como Ciência Social: Reflexões Sobre as Possibilidades De Uma Saúde Coletiva Integral
Authors: Rojas Enrique
Published: January 2022

A comunicação social usa linguagem verbal e não verbal. Examinamos o grau de confiança e atividade cerebral quando as expressões verbais e faciais são incongruentes. Quatorze voluntários saudáveis ​​viram fotos de 8 pessoas com expressões agradáveis ​​(sorriso) ou desagradáveis ​​(repulsa) sozinhas ou combinadas com uma expressão verbal [positiva/negativa]. Como um índice do grau de confiança, os sujeitos foram solicitados a oferecer uma doação quando informados de que a pessoa na fotografia estava com problemas financeiros. Emoções positivas e grau de confiança foram avaliados por meio da Escala Visual Analógica (VAS). Potenciais relacionados a eventos (ERPs) foram obtidos em 170–240 ms após a visualização das fotografias. A atividade cerebral durante condições incongruentes foi localizada usando tomografia cerebral eletromagnética de baixa resolução padronizada (sLORETA). Os escores VAS para a condição positiva × sorriso foram significativamente maiores do que para as outras condições (<0.05). A doação oferecida foi significativamente menor para incongruência entre as expressões verbais e faciais, principalmente para a condição de sorriso × negativo. EEG mostrou mais atividade no lobo parietal com condições incongruentes do que congruentes. Incongruência [negativo × sorriso] suscitou menos emoção positiva, grau de confiança e quantidade de oferta. Nossos resultados indicam que a informação sensorial incongruente aumentou a atividade no lobo parietal, o que pode ser a base da mentalização.