bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representasi Iman dalam Film Kafir
Authors: Fauziah Wifkiyah , Malik Saeful
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses the representation of faith in the infidel film of 2018. The background of this study is the lack of religion that occurs in society today. People who forget their God and forget themselves. The lack of religion in society today makes them complacent about the sparkling world that makes them forget to think long. A person can justify any means to get what he wants. They will bear all the risks as long as their wishes can come true. Without them knowing they are being enslaved by the things of the world. A small example, jealous when you see the happiness of others. So that this jealousy raises the intention to get the same or more happiness, sometimes by justifying all means, including with the help of the supernatural power of a shaman or performing the ritual of the ritual on his own. This study aims to determine the faith contained in the film Kafir. This film has religious nuances so the writer is interested in exploring the faith that is contained in it. This research is a type of qualitative research with the semiotic analysis method of Ferdinand De Saussure which focuses on what is Signifier, Signified in Kafir Films and what is social reality in Kafir Films. Semiotics of Ferdinand De Saussure is used to analyze each scene that displays faith. The results showed that: The concept of faith in a film can attract the attention of the audience because the film has the power to entertain. As is the case with faith that is packaged in a pagan film. Even though this film is a horror type, it is not just scary like other films, but this film contains religious nuances, there are wisdom values contained, such as: 1) Faith in qada and qadar Allah. The meanings of signifier and signified are described by the characters Sri, Andi and Dina who apply tawakal to Allah and believe that their father has been called by Allah. 2) Faith in God's books. The meaning of the signifier and the signified is described by the character Sri with the reading of the holy al-Qur'an verse to protect himself
Self concept Perempuan Pengemudi Transportasi Ojek Online di Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Nurislamiah Mia , Diningrat Budi Rahayu
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to describe the reasons for women to be drivers of online motorcycle taxi transportation and to find out the characteristics and self-concept of women driving online motorcycle taxis in Kuningan Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The data collection techniques used were through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation study. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. Meanwhile, the data validity test was checked using the source triangulation technique. The results of this study indicate that female Grab drivers have a positive self-concept. The positive self-concept itself is characterized by several things, such as being able to solve problems, feel equal to others, receiving praise without shame, realizing that everyone has various feelings, and being able to improve themselves. The results of this study also show that the main reason for informants being a Grab driver is not very responsive when people look down on their work.
Implikasi Podcast di Era New Media
Authors: Fauzi Rifqi , Harfan Irfan Ahmad
Published: April 2022

The emergence of podcasts in the digital era has become a new alternative for audiences who are getting bored with existing audio content. In today's digital era, technology is being consumed massively, podcasts play a role in shaping people's thinking, behavior and culture. This study aims to determine the implications of podcasts in changing audience thinking and behavior. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data collection techniques used were through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation study. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. Meanwhile, the data validity test was checked using the source triangulation technique. The results of the research show that the existence of Podcasts in the digital era cannot be separated from its very flexible accessibility. Podcasts are the only media that includes a variety of interesting information content that can be consumed or enjoyed through applications connected via the internet network. In addition, listening to podcasts can have a very influential impact on the audience, from cognitive, behavioral, to cultural aspects in society.
Penerapan Literasi Media Di Era Digital Pada Generasi Zaman Now
Authors: Askolani Muhammad , Al’Munawar Ipad Padlan
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the application of media literacy in the digital age at the time ofgeneration. now the current This study uses qualitative methods by using library research methods. Data analysis is carried out by finding, collecting, and comparing qualitatively with various findings obtained and linking them with various concepts and studies of related literature or literature. The results of this study indicate that 1) The interaction of today's generation with social media in the digital era is very intense. 2) media literacy in the digital age at the time of the generation now has not been implemented properly in the community even though they are already adept at using digital devices. 3) The development of media literacy at age generation now isin the digital age are still not as expected
Dakwah Bil Haal Pondok Pesantren Al-Mutawally Di Desa Bojong Kecamatan Cilimus Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Asikin Asikin , Mausul Asep Ahmad
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the form of da'wah activity of bil haal Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School, and to find out the goals, targets and supporting and inhibiting factors carried out fromda'wah activities at bil haal Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School in Bojong Village, Cilimus District, Kuningan Regency. This study uses a qualitative method. The data collection techniques were carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. Meanwhile, the validity of the data was checked using the source triangulation technique. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School in carrying out its da'wah uses bil-lisan, bil-qolam and bil-haal da'wah, but what is more dominant isda'wah bil-haal such as providing scholarships, giving zakat and compensation for orphans . 2) The supporting factors of theda'wah activities bil-haal carried out by the Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School are the charismatic nature of the Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School Leaders, so that the community's response to the existence of the Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School is quite good. 3) The goals and objectives of the da'wah activities of the Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School are to create a quality, spiritual and intellectual condition of the surrounding community as the formation of civil society and build a community of faith and piety to Allah and His Messenger.
Strategi Kampanye Public Relations Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Kota Bandung dalam Meningkatkan Minat Masyarakat Kota Bandung untuk Melakukan Donor Darah Saat Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hidayat Hari
Published: April 2022

Pada masa pandemi Covid-19 Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) mengumumkan bahwa stok darah di bagian Unit Transpusi Darah (UTD) di wilayah yang terdampak Covid-19 mulai mengalami kelangkaan termasuk Kota Bandung. Hal ini dikarenakan meningkatnya permintaan darah dari setiap rumah sakit yang menerima pasien positif Covid-19. Kelangkaan stok darah ini disebabkan karena ketakutan masyarakat akan berdonor darah dimasa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi kampanye yang diterapkan Public Ralations dalam meningkatkan minat masyarakat Kota Bandung untuk melakukan donor darah disaat pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara pengelolaan yang dilakukan Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Kota Bandung dalam meningkatkan minat masyarakat Kota Bandung untuk melakukan donor darah disaat pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, menggunakan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dan melakukan wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Sementara untuk teknik analisis data melalui tiga cara menurut Miles dan Huberman yaitu mereduksi data, penyajian data dan melakukan penarikan kesimpulan. Implikasi hasil penelitian strategi yang diterapkan public relations Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Kota Bandung menggunakan strategy of publicity & strategy of persuation dengan menggunakan strategi tersebut masyarakat Kota Bandung dapat mengetahui apa manfaat donor darah, dan minat donor darah di Kota Bandung juga semakin meningkat. Diharapkan bagi peneliti selanjutnya penelitian ini menjadi sumber referensi dan inspirasi untuk mengembangkan dan melanjutkan penelitian sejenis mengenai strategi kampanye public relations.

Kata Kunci : Covid-19,Public Relations,Strategi Kampanye.
Media dalam Membentuk Kultur Agama Masyarakat
Authors: Widodo Anton
Published: April 2022

The discussion on the relation of Islamic symbols and the analysis of religious multiculturality in people's lives is a theme that is often highlighted. Even more attention will be paid when a description of this is presented along with the presence of the mass media in carrying out their activities. The media as part of the study is very impressive to study its participation in the analysis of Islamic symbols and forming religious multiculturality in society. The existence of the media to fulfill daily life definitely gives a different direction to the way of thinking that will be carried out by the community itself. The media is still used as an inseparable material with the existence of communication in the world of Islamic symbols. Therefore, communication can be used as the most important basis in fulfilling the discussion of Islamic symbols in people's daily lives. This fact is also balanced with the growth of mass media that is happening at this time in accommodating every dynamic of the growth of the world of da'wah. The media also has many impacts on people's lives, but it must be able to make the existence of communication media as an interest that cannot be separated from the people, because mass media is a very powerful form of communication media used at this time to introduce any information to the public. we have. With a note that the information we convey is useful information for many people. The media that exist today are a very effective choice for disseminating information quickly and precisely considering the rapid era of globalization today. The very influential role of the mass media is one of the causes of the importance of the media as a marker of character and behavior as well as people's experiences. That's why so many people try to use mass media as a means of propaganda for the ideals, ideas, values ​​and norms that the people themselves want to create. It depends on what kind of mass media manager itself can be wise when implementing the role of mass media in real terms. Then viewed from the side of the condition of the Indonesian people, which consists of many tribes and cultures as well as other diversity, the media must be able to manage this diversity into something that is valuable to the nation and is also the strength of the nation itself.
Dakwah di Tengah Pluralitas Masyarakat
Authors: Samsudin Samsudin
Published: April 2022

Da'wah is an activity carried out to provide enlightenment to the community. Da'wah is designed in a variety of common ways so that people accept the teachings of Islam. Substantively da'wah invites and invites people to accept the truth. Da'wah is not an activity that contains coercion and violence. The reality of da'wah shows that da'wah is always in the midst of the cultural plurality of society. In this context, da'wah sometimes tends to be forced without considering the plurality of backgrounds. One of the factors causing tension in the community is because da'wah is not formulated wisely and often negates the facts of plurality. Therefore, da'wah is actually formulated in a friendly manner, other than because it is in accordance with the recommendations of Islamic teachings, the transfer of Islamic teachings will be very easy to do. Plurality as sunnatullah is a legacy that must be appreciated and ammunition that can be used to strengthen the process of carrying out da'wah. There is a lot of da'wah wisdom that can be explored in society from this plurality. Related to this, religious speakers who appear must be equipped with various approaches and materials for da'wah based on plurality values. Religious speakers must be responsive in responding as well as having intelligent thoughts to manage this plurality. The da'wah material delivered must be soothing and embracing all parties, not material that is harsh and tends to make society polarized and tense. The old da'wah paradigm that is oriented towards increasing the number of followers must be changed by improving the quality and standard of living of the community. Da'wah material should be more related to common challenges than material that only teaches personal piety and ignores universal humanitarian issues.
Komunikasi Interpersonal Pasangan Suami Istri Dalam Upaya Menjaga Keharmonisan Rumah Tangga
Authors: Nurislamiah Mia
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the process of interpersonal communication, interpersonal communication barriers, and the quality of interpersonal communication between husband and wife in an effort to maintain household harmony. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques used include: observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. Meanwhile, the validity of the data was checked using the source triangulation technique, using reference materials and member check techniques. The results of this study indicate that in general, informants have a communication process that is characterized by exchanging information, always limiting the topics they want to talk about, and revealing something they don't like from their partner for good. Communication barriers to informants consist of physical, psychological, and conflict barriers. The quality of informant communication consists of openness, empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude, honesty, and equality. However, the third and fourth informants did not have a supportive attitude aspect.
POLA KOMUNIKASI ADHOKRASI PADA TIM PELAKSANA PROGRAM CIREBON SMART CITY
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Abdurahman Maman , Prayitno Panji
Published: April 2022

Adhocracy is the antithesis of all bureaucratic characteristics. If the bureaucracy is seen as too rigid about the acceleration of social and technological change, it is immediately necessary to have an adhocracy as a normative administrative. The Cirebon Smart City Program Implementation Team applied an adhocratic pattern in the organizational communication process, thus leading the author to conduct this research. This research method uses qualitative methods with observation and interview data collection. Appointed as one of the cities to implement Smart City, Cirebon City is making every effort to get around various obstacles. Especially structural constraints. The structure is made as dynamic as possible by combining a combination of structural officials and implementing elements who have excellent enthusiasm and competence. Not only that, the city of Cirebon also embraces all existing elements to make the implementation of the Smart City a success. Starting from academia, business, government, media and others. This is because the Smart City program is actually a joint and ongoing program. In addition, Smart City also wants to create a safe, comfortable, prosperous and happy society in a sustainable manner, whether it uses information technology or not.

Abstrak

Adhocracy merupakan antitesis dari segala sifat birokrasi. Jika birokrasi dipandang terlalu rigid terhadap akselerasi perubahan sosial dan teknologi maka segera dibutuhkan keberadaan adhocracy sebagai administratif yang normative. Tim Pelaksana Program Cirebon Smart City menerapkan pola adhokrasi dalam proses komunikasi organisasi, sehingga membawa penulis melakukan penelitian ini. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengambilan data observasi dan wawancara. Ditunjuk sebagai salah satu kota untuk mengimplementasikan Smart City, Kota Cirebon berupaya sekreatif mungkin untuk menyiasiati berbagai kendala. Khususnya kendala struktural. Struktur dibuat sedinamis mungkin dengan memadukan kombinasi unsur pejabat struktural dan unsur pelaksana yang memiliki semangat dan kompetensi yang sangat baik. Tidak hanya itu, Kota Cirebon juga merangkul semua elemen yang ada untuk bisa menyukseskan implementasi Smart City tersebut. Mulai dari akademisi, bisnis, government, media dan lainnya. Dikarenakan program Smart City sebenarnya merupakan program bersama dan berkelanjutan. Selain itu, Smart City juga berkeinginan untuk mewujudkan masyarakat yang aman, nyaman, sejahtera dan bahagia secara berkelanjutan, baik itu menggunakan teknologi informasi maupun tidak.
PERFORMANCE KOMUNIKASI POLITIK MAHASISWA DI KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Sulaiman Anton
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performance Komunikasi Politik aktivis mahasiswa dalam demonstrasi reformasi korupsi di kota Cirebon 2020 dengan menggunakan presfektif Dramaturgi. Peneliti menelaah performance komunikasi Komunikasi Politik aktivis mahasiswa, dan mengkaji perbedaan antara Front Stage dan Back Stage, Performance aktor sangat berperan penting dan menjadi perhatian penulis. Asumsi Teori Dramaturgis Erving Goffman bahwa dalam interaksi keseharian, individu selalu berperilaku tidak sama. penelitian ini menggunakan metode kulitatif dengan pendekatan Studi dramaturgi milik Erving Goffman, dengan Paradigma Interpretivisme. Dramaturgi mampu mengupas karakter sebenarnya dari sang aktor, lewat keseharian dengan orang-orang terdekatnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan performance komunikasi aktivis mahasiswa dalam demonstrasi reformasi korupsi di kota Cirebon antara front stage dan back stage.
KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL KEPALA DESA SAKERTA TIMUR KECAMATAN DARMA KABUPATEN KUNINGAN DALAM MEMBINA GENERASI MUDA
Authors: Fauzi Rifqi
Published: April 2022

The objectives of this study are: 1) to determine the interpersonal communication model of the village head in fostering the younger generation, 2) to find out the forms of interpersonal communication of the village head in fostering the younger generation, 3) to determine the effect of interpersonal communication on the village head of Sakerta Timur District Darma Kuningan Regency in fostering the younger generation. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used include: observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used in this research is a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. Meanwhile, the validity of the data was checked using the source triangulation technique. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The interpersonal communication model of the Village Head in fostering the younger generation by using a linear model, an interactive model and a transactional model of the three models is used in interacting between the Village Head and youth in East Sakerta in formal and non-formal activities. 2) The form of interpersonal communication of the Village Head in fostering the younger generation, does not escape the form of interpersonal communication that is often used daily by youth, including the first form of interpersonal communication through conversation, dialogue and sharing. 3) The effect of the Village Head's interpersonal communication in fostering the younger generation is to express concern for others, find oneself, discover the outside world, build and maintain harmonious relationships, and influence attitudes and behavior.
MANAJEMEN DAKWAH PENYULUH AGAMA ISLAM KECAMATAN DARMA KABUPATEN KUNINGAN DALAM MENGENTASKAN BACA TULIS AL-QURAN
Authors: Nurislamiah Mia
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the planning, organizing, actuating and controlling of Islamic religious educators in alleviating reading and writing the Al-Quran in, Darma District, Kuningan Regency. This study uses a constructivist approach and paradigm by using qualitative research methods. Based on this approach, the next analysis knife that the author uses is a case study technique and is analyzed using triangulation of data sources. The results of this study indicate that (1) the planning (planning) of Islamic religious instructors implementing one of the programs to eradicate reading and writing of the Al-Quran can run according to the expectations of the leadership, including holding a meeting to prepare all the things needed, determine the implementers, and determine all matters. facilities in the implementation of the process of eradicating the reading and writing of the Al-Quran. (2) Organizing the tasks assigned to Islamic religious instructors are tasks that are in accordance with their expertise and the work program provided by Islamic religious instructors is to provide the best facilities in alleviating Al-Quran reading and writing. This is done in order to facilitate the division of tasks and the preparation of work plans for Islamic religious instructors. Of course, various opportunities and obstacles were traversed with full struggle and patience so that da'wah could run well. (3) One of the management movements (actuating) carried out by the leadership is by providing motivation and enthusiasm to their subordinates so that Islamic religious instructors can work well and carry out their respective duties in order to achieve the program to eradicate reading and writing Al-Quran. (4) Controlling is carried out by the leadership, namely by observing all activities and tasks of Islamic religious instructors so that the achievement of the program to eradicate reading and writing Al-Quran can be carried out properly and as expected.
NILAI-NILAI DAKWAH ISLAM DALAM TRADISI NGAROT DI DESA LELEA KECAMATAN LELEA KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU
Authors: Malik Saeful , Askolani Muhammad , Jalaludin Jalaludin
Published: April 2022

Da'wah values are derivatives or developments from sources of Islamic teachings, namely the Qur'an and Sunnah. Therefore, Abdul Basit grouped them into three types, namely; Universal values, cultural values and personal values. The three groups produced several derivatives of da'wah values as follows, namely the value of discipline, the value of honesty, the value of hard work, the value of cleanliness, the value of competition. This research is a type of qualitative research with the aim of producing descriptive data in the form of written, spoken words from people and observable behavior in order to provide clarity on the relevance of Islamic da'wah values in the Ngarot tradition in Lelea village, Lelea district, Indramayu district. Data collection techniques in this study used the methods of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study explain that the implementation of the Ngarot tradition is carried out on Wednesdays (except Kliwon Wednesday) in December every year. The process is, a parade (parade) around the village of Lelea, the handover of panca usaha tani (five objects that are closely related to agriculture), then ends with artistic entertainment. Among the goals of this tradition is as a form of gratitude for the arrival of the rice planting season. The da'wah values contained in this Ngarot tradition include; First, the value of discipline in the implementation of the Ngarot tradition is reflected in the attitude to be able to protect oneself from adultery and the command to be able to restrain one's lust. Second, the value of honesty in the form of orders to always maintain faith, orders to spread peace, gratitude and orders to do good deeds. Third, the value of hard work which is reflected through the command not to give up. Fourth, the value of competition is reflected through the command of friendship, maintaining togetherness and intelligence.
KOMODIFIKASI AGAMA: ISLAM FASHION SEBAGAI GAYA HIDUP DI ERA MODERN DALAM PANDANGAN MAHASISWA DAN SANTRI
Authors: Syaepu Indra Latif , Sauki M
Published: April 2022

Fashion bagi kalangan mahasiswa dan santri kini telah berkembang dan dimaknai sebagai sesuatu yang penting sekarang ini. Dari hasil penelitian dan hasil wawancara dengan beberapa narasumber, tak sedikit yang mengatakan bahwa fashion merupakan bentuk dari ekpresi mereka dalam beragama terrutama dengan masalah penampilan. Dalam dewasa kini, Islam bukan lagi diartikan hanya sebagai suatu pedoman ajaran hidup, namun bisa diartikan sebagai bagian dari gaya hidup di era modern. Terutama dalam komodifikasi ajaran agama dan fashion sebagai salah satu bentuk wajah baru dari identitas muslim yang ada di Indonesia, atau lebih dikenal dengan budaya Islam Fashion. Dalam metode penelitian ini, peneliti mengguanakan metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosilogis agama dengan menggunakan grand theory Max Weber dan Karl Mark. Dari hasil penelitian, Pada realitanya, peneliti sering menemukan beberapa mahasiswa yang menggunakan pakaian almamater kampus namun dengan fashion yang modis Seperti gaya model Jilbab kekinian sebagai kombinasi dari almamater tersebut. Maka dalam hal ini bisa dikatakan juga bahwa fashion merupakan bentuk ekpresi diri dengan maksud tujuan supaya orang lain suka apabila melihatnya. Sehingga akan menimbulkan rasa kesenangan dalam diri kita dan orang lain yang melihatnya. Pandangan ini jika dilihat dari segi sudut pandang nilai estetika. Komodifikasi agama yang peneliti temukan tidak hanya sebatas memberikan kesenengan secara non-materil, ada juga yang bersifat materil. Artainya mereka melakukan komodifikasi agama untuk mencari daya nilai yang bisa ditukar secara komersil, sepertihalnya kapitalisme. Penanaman konsep kapitalisme yang di imbangi oleh spritualisme dinilai akan mampu mendorong motivasi seseorang untuk mengembangkan SDM dan meningkatkan produktivitas pekerjaanya serta memaknai pekerjaanya merupakan bagian dari suatu perintah agama (ibadah). Dalam kondisi tertentu, menurut pandangan Weber, ketika seseorang bekerja dengan landalasan konsep spiritual, hal inilah yang menjadikan kaum Kristen calvin hidup dalam suatu kesederhanaan, merasakan bahagia meskipun hidupnya sederhana, orientasi materi yang mereka dapatkan haruslah berguna bagi kehidupan dunia akhirat
The influence of the post-isometric relaxation technique of the iliopsoas muscle on the functional abbreviation of the lower limb. Case study.
Authors: Puchalska-Sarna Anna , Sarna Michal , Touma Victor , Touma Joanna , Puchalski Krzysztof
Published: April 2022

The influence of the post-isometric relaxation technique of the iliopsoas muscle on the functional abbreviation of the lower limb. Case study.IntroductionLeg length discrepancy (LLD) is an effect often described in the literature as uneven lengthof the lower limbs. It covers about 40-70% of the population and can exceed 2 cm of inequality in nearly 0.1%.MethodyMaterial/Methody A woman of 40 years with a functional leg abbreviation (LLD), for a period of 6 weeks performed the technique of post-isometric relaxation of the hip-lumbar muscle. In the morning with a therapist, in the evening as self-therapy.Hipoteza:1.Does the pir technician affect the elongation of a seemingly shortened leg?2. What is the duration of the leg extension?Conclusion:1.Unfortunately, the effect lasted up to two days after 6 weeks of therapy, after 2 days there was a return from before the therapy2. The effect of hip-lumbar pir gave effects but unfortunately not permanent
Exploring the Blood Brain Barrier: Structure, Function, and Medical Implications
Authors: Roberts Jassie , Huang Janice
Published: April 2022

The blood brain barrier is the brain’s physical defense against pathogens and substances that may alter cerebral homeostasis. It is formed under instruction of neurons via astrocytes, and primarily consists of tightly junctioned brain capillary endothelial cells and pericytes. In this review, we first discuss the structure and function of the blood brain barrier, including the variety of transport methods incorporated to maintain cerebral homeostasis, such as transport channels, membrane transport, carrier mediated transcytosis, receptor mediated transcytosis, adsorption mediated transcytosis, and efflux systems. Then, we focus on the three pathways of pathogenic invasion of the blood brain barrier- paracellular, transcellular, and the “Trojan Horse” mechanism, and elaborate specifically on the capability of the SI protein on the SARS-CoV-2 virus to cross the blood brain barrier, causing encephalitis. Finally, we explore the challenge the blood brain barrier’s extremely low vascular permeability poses on medicine and attempts to overcome these challenges using tDCS and nanocarriers. Thus, the blood brain barrier, its structure and function, and its scientific and medical implications remain intriguing frontiers of science.
The Effects of Social Media Attention and Sentiment on Initial Public Offering Returns
Authors: Li Aiwen , Beck Cierra
Published: April 2022

Going public is a monumental step for many companies. Not only does it increase a company's legitimacy in the business community, but it also gives opportunities for them to harness significant amounts of investment capital. However, entrepreneurs and investors often face uncertainty due to the unpredictable nature of initial public offerings (IPOs). This study evaluated the impact of the amount and sentiment of Twitter activity on stock returns using data from domestic companies who went public from June 1, 2020 - May 31, 2021. Overall market behavior, company size, and community population demographics and social economic status of the companies' headquarters locations were controlled. The analyses showed that Twitter activity is associated with higher returns during relatively long-term time frames. The results are relevant for companies and potential IPO investors to predict and maximize their profits in the market. They also open opportunities for future research to investigate more in-depth regarding social factors in relation to IPOs.
Parameter Determination for Old Open Cluster NGC 188
Authors: Bohl Abigail , Brooks Hedstrom Mark
Published: April 2022

NGC 188, one of the oldest open clusters in the Milky Way, provides a unique insight into the history of the universe. NGC 188 has been historically used as a reliable test subject for various methods of determining data about star clusters. Because of its importance in the field of astronomical study and due to its unique age, this paper serves to independently verify the data found by previous research and to determine the age, metallicity, distance, and mass of open cluster NGC 188. Methods involved color magnitude diagram creation, isochrone fitting, and mass determination using the virial theorem. This research verifies that NGC 188 has an age of 6 billion years, a metallicity of 0.2 [Fe/H], a distance of 1348 parsecs, and a mass of 1392 solar masses.
A Brief Overview of Pathological Tau and Inhibitors and Modifiers of Tau Aggregation for Treatment of Tauopathies
Authors: Manthapuri Siri Sahithi , Davis Emily
Published: April 2022

Tauopathies make up a significant portion of neurodegenerative diseases, affecting tens of millions of people. Tauopathies are defined by abnormal tau protein aggregation.  Current approaches to tauopathy inhibition and therapeutic development require an in-depth understanding of post-translational modifications and propagation of pathological tau. Research thus far has produced a variety of inhibiting and mitigating compounds to alleviate tau aggregation. These compounds employ distinct mechanisms, including: kinase-, enzyme-, and secretion-inhibition, direct aggregation inhibition, and upregulation of cellular degradation systems. Overall, the current progress and ongoing research in the development of tauopathy therapeutics has potential, while also highlighting some crucial unknowns in the field that warrant further investigation.
T1a/T1b transitional zone prostate cancer detection rates in patients who had TURP for clinically diagnosed benign prostatic enlargement in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Raphael John E , Ekeke Onyeanunam N
Published: April 2022

Background: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) removes the obstructing adenoma that grows from the transitional zone of the prostate. Resected chips are routinely sent for histologic examination. Incidental findings of prostate cancer in the TURP specimen for the clinically diagnosed benign disease may occur. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging of prostate cancer allocates T1a if <5% of the resected chips are malignant and T1b if >5% are malignant.

Aim: To determine the frequency of incidental prostate cancer rate in TURP specimens of patients who had the procedure for clinically diagnosed benign prostatic enlargement.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out over a period of 8years from January 2013 to December 2020 on patients who had TURP for clinically diagnosed BPE or biopsy diagnosed BPH. All the patients had TURP for benign enlargements of the prostate. The resected prostate chips were sent for histopathological analysis. Patients with incomplete data and patients who had transrectal peripheral zone prostate biopsy confirmed cancers before TURP were excluded from this study. The data was collated using Microsoft Excel version 2020 and was analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: There were 220 male patients with a mean age was 65.89 ±9.95years, and median age was 65years. The 60-69years group had the highest incidence of PCa. The T1a/T1b adenocarcinoma detection rate was 13.6% (30).  54.6% (120) had BPH only, and 31.8% (70) had BPH with prostatitis. All incidentally diagnosed T1a/T1b cancers were adenocarcinomas. The majority of the T1a/T1b adenocarcinomas, 43.3% (13), were poorly differentiated, while 36.7% (11) and 20% (6) had well and moderate differentiation, respectively.

Conclusion: The Incidental T1a/T1b transitional zone adenocarcinoma detection rate in TURP specimens in the study was 13.6%. The high Gleason’s grade adenocarcinoma was the most frequent. Even when perceived as clinically benign, communication of the risk of cancer detection to the patient is pertinent and should be a routine part of the informed consenting process before TURP.
Primeras decisiones jurisdiccionales a nivel internacional respecto a la pandemia de Covid 19 y derechos humanos
Authors: Arandia Arzabe Omar
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo abordaremos el contenido de las resoluciones de medidas provisionales y medidas urgentes dictadas, respectivamente, por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y por su Presidencia en el Caso Vélez Loor vs Panamá en el año 2020 en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. La importancia de las dos decisiones aquí comentadas es que han sido las primeras decisiones jurisdiccionales con efecto vinculante (obligatorio) que han sido adoptadas a nivel internacional en respuesta a la pandemia y a los devastadores efectos que ésta ha tenido hasta la fecha en el ejercicio de los derechos humanos. En ellas, el Tribunal estableció pautas de actuación para el Estado.

Asimismo, la relevancia de dichas decisiones se sustenta en que constituye también la primera oportunidad en la cual la Corte Interamericana analizó el otorgamiento de medidas provisionales con base en una garantía de no repetición y para proteger los derechos de personas distintas a las víctimas que fueron declaradas como tales en el caso.
Defoliation Frequencies of Forage Legumes: Effects on Yield and Nutritive Value for Beef Cattle Production
Authors: Akpensuen Tersur Theophilus
Published: April 2022

A study was conducted to determine the effect of cutting frequencies for 2 temperate (Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) and 2 tropical (Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema molle) forage legumes on dry matter yield and nutritive value for beef cattle production in a cool tropical environment of Jos, Nigeria. It was a factorial experiments with four forage legumes and three defoliation frequencies (4 x 3) making twelve treatments combinations arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated four times. The study was conducted in 2016 and 2017. The result showed that total dry matter yield (DMY) was higher (p<0.05) in T. pratense in 2017 (3.06 t/ha), while C. molle produced least DMY (1.01 t/ha). The temperate species performed better after each cut in DMY. Crude protein content was higher (p<0.05) in T. repens (26. 12 %) at the third cut. The tropical species were higher (p<0.05) in fibre contents. Dry matter intake (3.88 %), digestible dry matter (71.24 %) , total digestible nutrients (70.2 %) and relative feed value (214.53) were all higher (p<0.05) in T. repens at third cut. The temperate forage legumes generally showed more resilience to cuttings compared to the tropical species. Therefore the crops can be grown in the cool tropical environment of Jos, Nigeria as supplementary forage feeds.
Review of Literature on Political Risks to the Operations of Large Oil & Gas Companies and Their Mitigation in Yemen
Authors: Mahmoud Aboelkheir Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: April 2022

The intention behind this study is to select the most prominent from the political risks for the industry in Yemen and describe the best practices to mitigate them, identify strategic risk and risk management strategies involved in oil and gas industry operations & analyse the effectiveness of oil and gas company's risk response strategies in promoting political stability in its areas of business. The methodology behind identifying the risks and assessing them is the following Risk management according probability impact matrix in analyzing risk factors. A total of 61 factors that might cause risks in oil and gas construction projects were defined through a detailed literature review. Risk factors identified were bureaucratic government system and lengthy project approval procedure; poor design; incompetence of project team; inadequate tendering; late internal approval process from the owner; inadequate project organization structure; improper project feasibility study; inefficient and poor performance of constructors; improper project planning and budgeting; and design changes among others.
The Prospects, Challenges, Gains and Opportunities – An Analysis of the Environmental Policies, Models and Strategies in the United Arab Emirates’ Oil and Gas Sector
Authors: Mahmoud Aboelkheir Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: April 2022

The UAE aims to increase the global competitiveness of the UAE by increasing the share of renewable, clean and alternative energy sources in its overall energy mix. In this study, a commentary on the prospects, challenges, gains & opportunities of the environmental policies, models & strategies in the United Arab Emirates' (UAE) Oil and gas sector are discussed in how they play an important role in meeting the UAE's energy needs. The findings of the paper were that in the short to medium term, the "energy transition" is unlikely to have a negative impact as energy demand continues to grow.
Who are NOCs and IOCs and What Their Public Role is in The International Gas Industry and Oil?
Authors: Mahmoud Aboelkheir Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: April 2022

National oil companies now control 77% of global oil and gas production compared to formerly dominant international oil companies. National oil companies appear to be recovering in global energy markets and now control most of the world's oil and gas reserves. Towards defining their public role, a research investigation was conducted to assess their current position and the steps necessitated to maintain and increase the scope of their public influence in terms of job creation and national economies. The findings of this publication were that international oil companies, independents and national oil companies need to think differently about how, where to invest and when assets are liquidated. More so, unlike independent companies and independent managers, national companies are also concerned about how downstream investments can be used to create jobs and prosperity for the national economies of national companies.
SIMPLES NACIONAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE AS VANTAGENS E DESVANTAGENS DE UMA INDÚSTRIA DE FABRICAÇÃO DE RESERVATÓRIO E ESTRUTURAS METÁLICAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE ÁLVARES FLORENCE-SP
Authors: Tayane Ferreira dos Reis Jessica , Beatriz Boni Guimarães Laura , Danúbia da Silva Suéllen , Alves de Oliveira Elimeire
Published: April 2022

O Simples Nacional é um regime tributário simplificado, aplicável às Microempresas (ME) e às Empresas de Pequeno Porte (EPP). Foi criado em 14 de dezembro de 2006 pelo Governo Federal, com o intuito de reduzir o processo burocrático das empresas. Um aspecto importante deste regime tributário é a unificação da arrecadação dos impostos, no qual os valores são recolhidos através de guia única, o que gera maior eficiência nos processos fiscais e contábeis das empresas. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada para este estudo caracteriza-se como qualitativa de cunho descritiva e exploratória, realizada por meio de um estudo e caso, utilizando a pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de dados secundários. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer a comparação entre os regimes tributários, demonstrando as vantagens e desvantagens da opção pelo do Simples Nacional, aplicável a uma Microempresa do ramo de indústria. Através da análise do faturamento a pesquisa evidenciou que o Simples Nacional é o regime tributário com menor oneração de tributos.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS PROBLEMAS E RESULTADOS NEGATIVOS RELACIONADOS A MEDICAMENTOS IDENTIFICADOS EM IDOSOS
Authors: Santos Souza Tuany , Gregório Dias da Silva Gomes Jane
Published: April 2022

Introdução: Os problemas relacionados a medicamentos (PRM) surgem como uma das principais preocupações associadas a polimedicação em idosos, expondo-os ao aparecimento de resultados negativos associados aos medicamentos (RNM). Destacando-se o seguimento farmacoterapêutico como uma importante ferramenta de cuidado na detecção e resolução destes PRM. Objetivo: Discutir sobre os principais problemas e resultados negativos relacionados a medicamentos identificados em idosos descritos na literatura. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de caráter qualitativo descritivo, com seleção de artigos científicos disponíveis nas bases de dados online Pubmed, MedLine, SciELO e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Foram incluídos artigos originais publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol que demonstraram relação com o tema proposto, no período de 2015 a 2020. Artigos duplicados nas bases de dados, além de teses e dissertações editoriais foram excluídos. Resultados: Oito artigos foram selecionados nessa revisão, sendo a maioria de origem internacional e do tipo observacional. Na análise dos PRM descritos nos estudos, houve predomínio do sexo feminino e a média de idade da população foi de 80 anos. Hospitais (25%) e lares de idosos (25%) foram os cenários mais estudados.  O PRM / RNM de segurança foi o mais frequente. As intervenções farmacêuticas mais observadas foram indicação para descontinuação da droga, ajuste de dose, troca de medicamentos e educação do paciente. Conclusão: O número de problemas e resultados negativos aos medicamentos em idosos é alto e intervenções farmacêuticas apresentam resultados positivos na farmacoterapia e qualidade de vida dos idosos.
IMPACTOS DO ENSINO TRADICIONAL DURANTE A RETOMADA DAS AULAS PRESENCIAIS
Authors: Cabral Rolim Ronnielle
Published: April 2022

O artigo presente ressalta sobre os possíveis impactos que o ensino tradicional pode acarretar quando utilizado como única fonte de ensino-aprendizagem durante a retomada das aulas presencias. Partindo-se de tal questionamento, o objetivo geral é demonstrar a importância das mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas frente aos novos desafios após a reabertura das escolas. E os objetivos específicos permeiam desde a identificação das principais metodologias adotadas entre os anos oitenta até o período pandêmico e a análise deste cenário durante a retomada do ensino. Baseia-se na hipótese que é viável substituir algumas práticas tradicionais por metodologias estratégicas que despertem a curiosidade e o interesse nos discentes reduzindo a evasão e promovendo a aprendizagem. A pesquisa possui finalidade básica pura, objetivos descritivos, com abordagem qualitativa, sob o método hipotético-dedutivo e procedimentos bibliográficos.
Spam Detection Using Bidirectional Transformers and Machine Learning Classifier Algorithms
Authors: Guo Yanhui , Mustafaoglu Zelal , Koundal Deepika
Published: April 2022

Spam email has accounted for a high percentage of email traffic and has created problems worldwide. The deep learning transformer model is an efficient tool in natural language processing. This study proposed an efficient spam detection approach using a pretrained bidirectional encoder representation from transformer (BERT) and machine learning algorithms to classify ham or spam emails. Email texts were fed into the BERT, and features obtained from the BERT outputs were used to represent the texts. Four classifier algorithms in machine learning were employed to classify the features of the text into ham or spam categories. The proposed model was tested using two public datasets in the experiments. The results of the evaluation metrics demonstrate that the logistic regression algorithm achieved the best classification performance in both datasets. They also justified the efficient ability of the proposed model in detecting spam emails.
 
Received: 16 March 2022 | Revised: 21 April 2022 | Accepted: 22 April 2022
 
Conflicts of Interest
Yanhui Guo is an editorial board member for Journal of Computational and Cognitive Engineering, and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Larger foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the upper Cretaceous (Campanian) to Paleogene (Lutetian) sedimentary rocks in the Haymana and Black Sea regions, Turkey
Authors: Matsumaru Kuniteru
Published: April 2022

Larger foraminifera of the late Cretaceous (late Campanian) to middle Eocene (Lutetian) are recognized in the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene sedimentary rocks in the Haymana and Black Sea regions, Turkey. 114 diagnostic larger and benthonic foraminiferal species belonging to 66 genera including one new genus Chaldagia are identified, and 89 diagnostic species are documented as local ranges. Biostratigraphically useful 11 larger foraminiferal assemblage zones are described, and are correlated with two larger foraminiferal assemblage zones, NE India and Philippines in the Tethys region. Chaldagia haymanensis, n. gen., n. sp. and Scandonea samnitica De Castro are systematically described. Associated 52 planktonic foraminiferal species belonging to 23 genera are identified, and 90 larger and benthonic foraminifera and 40 planktonic foraminifera are illustrated. Some element concentrations of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary layers (28-37 cm thick with goethite layers) were found in the MedetlÃ section, GÃ¶rpazari, Black Sea region by the authorâ€™s research group. In there, Ir concentration was low and slightly elevated (0.24 ppb) in a sample of goethite layers, and foraminiferal taxa didnâ€™t yield. The K-T Ir layers are well correlated with those in the Meghalaya, NE India. Sr isotope values (87 Sr/86 Sr, 0.707885 â€“ 0.707819) in the K-T boundary layers in the Devrekani section, Kastamonu, Black Sea region agreed well with those in the K-T boundary regions of the world by the authorâ€™s research group.