bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral monitoring of fructose content in marzipan
Authors: Badak-Kerti Katalin , Németh Szabina , Zitek Andreas , Firtha Ferenc
Published: July 2018

In our research marzipan samples of different sugar to almond paste ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1) were stored at 17 °C. Reducing sugar content was measured by analytical method, texture analysis was done by penetrometry, electric characteristics were measured by conductometry and hyperspectral images were taken 6–8 times during the 16 days of storage. For statistical analyses (discriminant analysis, principal component analysis) SPSS program was used.

According to our findings with the hyperspectral analysis technique, it is possible to identify how long the samples were stored (after production), and to which class (ratio of sugar to almond) the sample belonged. The main wavelengths which gave the best discrimination results among the days of storage were between 960 and 1100 nm. The type of the marzipan was easy to distinguish with the hyperspectral data; the biggest differences were observed at 1200 and 1400 nm, which are connected to the first overtone of C-H bound, therefore correlate with the oil content. The spatial distribution of penetrometric, electric and spectral properties were also characteristic to fructose content.

The fructose content of marzipan is difficult to measure by usual optical ways (polarimetry, spectroscopy), but since fructose is hygroscopic, the spatial distribution of spectral properties can be characteristic.
Mechanism of improvement of biochar on shear strength and liquefaction resistance of sand
Authors: Pardo G. S. , Sarmah A. K. , Orense R. P.
Published: July 2018

Biochar is a biomass-derived carbonaceous solid product produced by way of pyrolysis, a process whereby thermal degradation of biomass occurs in the absence of or under a limited oxygen environment. To date, little work has been done to assess its effect on soil properties from the geotechnical point of view. A few studies have shown that biochar could increase the shear strength of clays. Results of simple shear tests indicated that although the effect of adding biochar on the drained shear resistance of sand is relatively minor, the liquefaction resistance increased considerably. In this paper, to provide an insight into the mechanism, the interaction between biochar and water was studied in more detail, through an analysis of the biochar chemical active surface, morphological observations of the particles and biochar–water suspension, as well as rheological measurements. It is believed that the mechanism of improvement is related to the active chemicals on the surface and inside the pores of the biochar particles. These volatiles interact with water by repelling it (hydrophobic) and at times by attracting it (hydrophilic), creating a complex network between water and biochar particles that helps to delay the increase in excess pore-water pressure and provides some shear resistance.
A Nowcasting Model for the Growth Rate of Real GDP of Ecuador: Implementing a Time-Varying Intercept
Authors: Gonzalez-Astudillo Manuel , Baquero Daniel
Published: July 2018

This paper proposes a model to nowcast the annual growth rate of real GDP for Ecuador. The specification combines monthly information of 28 macroeconomic variables with quarterly information of real GDP in a mixed-frequency approach. Additionally, our setup includes a time-varying mean coefficient on the annual growth rate of real GDP to allow the model to incorporate prolonged periods of low growth, such as those experienced during secular stagnation episodes. The model produces reasonably good nowcasts of real GDP growth in pseudo out-of-sample exercises and is marginally more precise than a simple ARMA model.
Antoine, F. (Ed.) (2016). Analyser la radio. Méthodes et mises en pratique. Louvain-la-Neuve: De Boeck Supérieur.
Authors: Oliveira Madalena
Published: July 2018

Para o artista – o pintor, o escultor ou o escritor –, o ponto de vista é o ponto a partir do qual o objeto real é observado, examinado, contemplado e compreendido...
Тактики «маргиналов»: к проблеме методологии аутсайдерского искусства (постсоветский кейс)
Authors: Суворова Анна
Published: July 2018

Анна Суворова – кандидат искусствоведения, доцент, кафедра культурологии и социально-гуманитарных технологии, Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, Пермь, Россия. Электронная почта: suvorova_anna@mail.ru

В статье обозначается проблема поиска релевантной методологии для анализа аутсайдерского искусства. Его изучение часто проводится при помощи концепта бессознательного и с позиций формального и семиотического анализа. Автор, напротив, изучает дискурсивность искусства и его связь с другими социальными полями (например, массовая культура и политика). В качестве релевантного подхода предлагается использование понятий дискурса, стратегий и тактик в интерпретации Мишеля де Серто. Де Серто называет стратегией расчет отношений сил, включающий утверждение собственного места, обладание которым дает преференции в управлении. Согласно этому подходу, различаются стратегии, которыми можно обозначить «большое искусство», поля политики, общества и науки. Стратегиям противостоят тактики аутсайдеров. Среди которых на основе анализа выделяются: тактики присваивания, захват «места другого», имитация стратегии, манипулирование и использование слабости. В качестве кейса, на основе которого происходит апробация указанного методологического подхода, выбираются истории художников-аутсайдеров, которые работали в период 1990-х начала 2010-х гг., но принадлежали разным поколениям. Опираясь на материалы интервью, произведения художников этого круга раскрываются через применение указанных тактик в искусстве аутсайдеров. Так, «браконьерство тактик» развивается в присваивании «метанарратива». Визуально это может проявляться через «захват нарратива», заимствование содержания из литературы, телепередач, увиденного в высоком искусстве – всего того, что было рождено полем «большой культуры». Подобная практика очень широко распространена в контексте маргинального и аутсайдерского искусства: пространства имитирующие ситуации музея, выставочного зала оказываются симулякром стратегии. Эти пространства – в терминологии де Серто «не-места» – формируют определенную силу тактик. Другими важными тактиками оказываются симуляция, притворство, переворачивание соотношения сил.
«Внутренние враги» современного русского национализма
Authors: Бобров Иван Владимирович , Михайлов Дмитрий Алексеевич
Published: July 2018

Иван Владимирович Бобров – студент 4 курса факультета политики и международных отношений, Сибирский институт управления филиала Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Новосибирск, Россия. Электронная почта: ivan.v.bobrov@gmail.com

Дмитрий Алексеевич Михайлов – к. и. н., доцент, Сибирский институт управления филиала Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Новосибирск, Россия. Электронная почта: damihan@yandex.ru

Третий президентский срок Владимира Путина характеризуется включением повестки национальной безопасности в контекст социальной политики. В связи с этим в ретрансляторах идеологии власти все активнее задействуются идеологемы современных русских националистов, среди которых центральное место занимает образ «внутреннего врага». Статья посвящена особенностям его формирования, как одной из ключевых идеологических составляющих процесса идентификации современного русского национализма. В связи с тем, что категории анализа, описывающие фрагментированное поле современного русского национализма способны ввести в заблуждение, мы используем в своей работе термин «русские националисты» как категорию политической практики. Принимаются во внимание те общественные деятели, которые сами себя называют русскими националистами. В рассматриваемом интеллектуальном пространстве прослеживаются три риторических стратегии, формирующие образ внутреннего врага: историческая, теоретическая и этническая. Первая сводится к идее о том, что национальным меньшинствам принадлежит ключевая роль в уничтожении Российской Империи. Вторая риторическая линия выражается в атаке на современные официальные формулировки единства российской нации. Формирование образа внутреннего врага русским национализмом во многом является реакцией на поликультурную идеологию современной России. Речь идет о ключевых документах, определяющих государственную национальную политику, – Конституцию и Концепцию государственной национальной политики, которая была обновлена в 2012 г. Наконец, третья, наиболее агрессивная риторическая линия в формировании образа внутреннего врага обращена на дискредитацию конкретных этнических сообществ. В содержательных характеристиках внутреннего врага русского народа националисты отводят центральное место представителям Кавказа.
Преподавание истории маргинальности: перспективы и вызовы
Authors: Вершинина Дарья Борисовна
Published: July 2018

Дарья Борисовна Вершинина – к. и. н., доцент, кафедра всеобщей истории, Пермский государственный университет, Пермь, Россия. Электронная почта: daryapros@yandex.ru

Хотя в странах Запада проблемы маргинализации активно интегрируются в исторические исследования, российские историки по-прежнему с сом­нением смотрят на перспективы анализа этого феномена. Курсы, посвященные исследованию исторических процессов сквозь призму маргинализации и дискриминации, практически отсутствуют в учебных планах университетов, а студенты меньше подготовлены к восприятию истории не только как жизни и деятельности победителей, но и как борьбы и существования побежденных и угнетенных. Статья посвящена опыту преподавания курса по истории маргинальных сообществ в рамках магистратуры в Пермском государственном университете и затрагивает как вопросы структуры курса, так и дискуссионные вопросы, поднимаемые в ходе работы со студентами, а также проблемные точки и перспективы развития подобной тематики в университетском пространстве. Автор отмечает причины невостребованности проблематики, связанной с процессами маргинализации, в российском университетском образовании и научном пространстве, делая вывод о значимости знакомства студентов с подобным новым взглядом на социальные процессы. Вписывая историю маргинальности в важные для социального знания теоретические рамки (гендерная теория, квир-теория, постколониальная и критическая расовая теории), автор демонстрирует, как анализ кейсов, связанных с маргинализацией, может способствовать более глубокому пониманию феномена исторического процесса студентами и критике ими имеющихся исследований маргинальностей, поскольку последние зачастую репрезентируют властный или колониальный дискурс вместо предоставления меньшинствам и маргинализируемым группам права говорить от своего имени. В то же время курс демонстрирует студентам то, как дискурс колонизатора / властвующего может присваиваться самими колонизируемыми / подчиняющимися и становиться как инструментом освобождения, так и механизмом самомаргинализации. В завершение автор приходит к выводу об успешном опыте преподавания курса по истории маргинальности и отмечает перспективность таких подходов для формирования исторического сознания студентов магистратуры.
Küçük Hücreli Dışı Akciğer Kanseri Hastalarında Onkogen Mutasyonlarının Araştırılması
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Metin , BOZKURT Gökay , MEYDAN Nezih , METEOĞLU İbrahim , SELVİ GÜNEL Nur
Published: July 2018

Amaç:Yüksek insidansa sahip olan Küçük Hücreli Dışı Akciğer Kanseri (KHDAK) en yüksek mortaliteye sahip kanser alt tipi olarak önemini korumaktadır. Çoğunlukla belirtilerin ileri evrelerde kendini göstermesi tedavi başarısını önemli ölçüde kısıtlamaktadır. Son yıllarda, tümör dokusunda meydana gelen genetik değişiklikler sonucu ortaya çıkan onko-proteinlerin baskılanabilmesi tedavi başarısına önemli katkı sağlamıştır. Tümördeki bu moleküler değişimlerin tespiti kişiye özgü tedavilerin ön plana çıkmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Toplumdan topluma ve kişiden kişiye farklılık gösterebilen bu moleküler değişimlerin tedavi başarısını artırmak amacıyla her ülkedeki sıklık ve korelasyonlarının ortaya konması önem arz etmektedir. Ülkemizde KHDAK onkogen sıklık ve korelasyonlarına dair yeterli veri bulunmamaktadır, tanı ve tedavi batılı toplumlara benzer olduğu varsayılarak düzenlenmektedir. Ülkemize ait verilerin oluşturulması, tanı ve tedavi stratejileri açısından klinisyene fayda sağlaması ve böylece tedavi başarısını artırabilmesi bakımından önemlidir.Bu amaçla çalışmamızda KHDAK tanılı olguların tümör parafin bloklarında onkogen oluşumuna sebep olan ve sık gözlemlenen mutasyonların sıklıklarının ve korelasyonlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Materyal-Metot: Tanısı KHDAK olan toplam 80 hastaya ait parafin blok kesitlerinden genomik DNA izolasyonu yapılmıştır. Ticari mutasyon kitleri (Roche Diagnostics, Amoy Diagnostics) kullanılarak Cobas z (Roche Diagnostics) RT-PCR cihazında Epidermal Büyüme Faktörü Reseptörü (EGFR), Kirsten sıçan sarkoma viral onkogen homoloğu (KRAS), v-Ras Nöroblastom viral onkogen homoloğu (NRAS), v-Raf Murine sarkoma viral onkogen homoloğu (BRAF), Fosfatidil inozitol-3-kinaz katalitik alfa polipertid (PIK3CA), İnsan Epidermal Büyüme Faktör Reseptörü 2 (HER2) mutasyonları araştırılmıştır. Bulgular:80 olgunun 37’sinde toplam 38 mutasyon saptanmıştır. Olguların 7’sinde EGFR, 23’ünde KRAS, 6’sında PIK3CA, 1’inde BRAFve 1’inde NRASmutasyonu saptanmıştır. HER2 mutasyonu hiçbir olguda saptanmamıştır. KRASmutasyonu bulunan bir olguda PIK3CA mutasyonu birlikteliği saptanmıştır. Sonuç:Sonuçlarımız; Ülkemizde PIK3CAmutasyon sıklığı dışında batılı toplumların mutasyon profiline benzer bir profile sahip olduğumuzu göstermektedir. Elde ettiğimiz PIK3CA mutasyon sıklığı %7,5’tir ve literatürdeki gösterilen %1-4 aralığının üzerindedir. Sonuçlarımız doğrultusunda PIK3CAmutasyonlarının tanı ve tedavide daha fazla dikkate alınmasının tedavi başarısına katkı sağlayabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.
POIRIER_ET_AL_FOODMICROBIOME_16S_GYRB_DATASET v1
Authors: Chaillou Stephane
Published: July 2018

Food Microbiome dataset for comparison of 16S V3-V4 rDNA amplicon sequencing and gyrB amplicon sequencing.
The Development and Validation of Science Virtual Test to Assess 7th Grade Students' Critical Thinking on Matter and Heat Topic
Authors: Syabandari Yustika , Firman Harry , Rusyati Lilit
Published: July 2018

An efficient way to improve the quality of education in critical thinking is developing the better tests. The test has been shifted towards the use of computer-based procedures. Lack of specific topic of critical thinking tests in science and the advanced of technology made the researcher intended to develop and validate a test to measure students’ critical thinking in the matter and heat topic based on computer for seventh grade junior high school. Generally, the process of developing and validating the test consists of 5 steps: (1) content analysis; (2) constructing multiple choice items; (3) readability test and expert validation; (4) limited tryout; and (5) larger application. Based on larger application, it is obtained the reliability value, difficulty level, discriminating power and distractor quality. The method that used in this research was descriptive. The subject was 117 students of public Junior High School in Kabupaten Bandung. The instrument validation resulted 30 items that represent 8 elements and 21 sub-elements to measure students’ critical thinking based on Inch in matter and heat topic. The instrument is further called as Science Virtual Test Matter and Heat (SVT-MH). The alpha Cronbach (α) is 0.642 which means that the instrument is sufficient to measure students’ critical thinking matter and heat topic. The result also shows the profile of students in critical thinking is 73% categorized as ‘moderate’, while students respond the positive impression towards the use of SVT-MH.KeywordsScience virtual test, critical thinking, matter and heat, readability test, validity, reliability, students’ impression
Solar Cell as Learning Multimedia to Improve Students’ Scientific Literacy on Science and Nanotechnology
Authors: Wati Eliya , Sunarya Yayan , Mudzakir Ahmad
Published: July 2018

This study aims to investigate solar cell as learning multimedia to improve students’ scientific literacy on science and nanotechnology. Specifically, it describes learning design, the characteristic of developed learning multimedia and the description of learning activities using solar cell as learning multimedia to improve students’ scientific literacy on science and nanotechnology. The method used in this research was Educational Research and Development that only consist of 3 stages. On the define stage, the research was conducted through literature review analysis, observation, and interview. On the design stage, the research was conducted through composing the instrument, developing solar cell as learning multimedia to improve students’ scientific literacy on science and nanotechnology and composing teaching learning design. On the develop stage, the research was conducted through teaching learning activities using solar cell as learning multimedia to improve students’ scientific literacy on science and nanotechnology. The research instruments were interview guideline, observation’s sheet, judgment’s sheet and questionnaire. Based on result and discussion, it can be concluded that learning design potentially improve students’ scientific literacy. It is relevant with learning material and in accordance with the competence aspect, attitude aspect, and STL learning model. The characteristics of learning multimedia containing science and nanotechnology on solar cell context are: can be used classically, not individually, student-centered oriented, presenting the learning material using concept approach and context oriented, presenting the superiority of photochemistry solar cell with nanotechnology, visualizing the redox reaction concept on solar cell, and presenting the concept through context description. The learning multimedia is used in all STL learning phases. It can be used by teacher to deliver the material in almost all phases of learning, while student use it when teacher give them instruction.
Membrane Potential as a Regulation Mechanism of Periplasmic Nitrite Reductase Activity: A Mathematical Model
Authors: Ree N.A. , Likhoshvai V.A. , Khlebodarova T.M.
Published: July 2018

Periplasmic NrfA nitrite reductase is the main component of the respiratory chain inEscherichia coliduring nitrite (NO2) anaerobic respiration. NrfA is involved in the formation of an electron transport chain in the cell membrane necessary for the ATP synthesis; and nitrite utilization at substrate concentrations not exceeding 2 mM. Earlier, we presented a hypothesis that activity of NrfA reductase at low NO2concentrations in the medium is determined not only by the mechanisms which influence the expression of genes encoding its structure, but also by the influence of the membrane potential on the formation of the enzyme’s active form in the periplasm. To substantiate this hypothesis, we developed a model of NO2utilization byE. colicells in a chemostat coupled with the processes of electric potential formation in the cell membrane. Due to the absence of experimental data on the structure of the electron transport chain during nitrite respiration, two hypothetical scenarios for the membrane potential formation during cell cultivation in a chemostat containing FHL-1 and FHL-2 format hydrogenelyase complexes, which include Fdh formate dehydrogenase and Hyd-3 and Hyd-4 hydrogenases, have been considered; and corresponding models were developed. It was demonstrated that inclusion in the model of nitrite utilization byE. coli cellsof specific molecular genetic and metabolic processes involved in the membrane potential formation allows proper description of the experimental data on the kinetics of nitrite utilization in a chemostat. It was also shown that modeling results do not depend on the scenario of membrane potential formation. In general, the data obtained confirm the important role of the membrane potential in regulating the activity of periplasmic Nrf reductase at micromolar concentrations of nitrite in the medium. It is possible that this mechanism may be relevant for other proteins, the activity of which depends on their localization in the periplasm.
POSSIBILITIES OF IMPROVEMENT THE PREPAREDNESS OF OFFICERS OF THE BORDER CONTROL AND IMMIGRATION CONTROL STRUCTURAL UNITS OF THE STATE BORDER GUARD FOR SCHENGEN EVALUATION ON-SITE VISITS
Authors: Arbidāne Iluta , Kuprijanova Jekaterina , Garjāns Juris , Pokule Viktorija
Published: July 2018

The aim of the research is evaluation of the present situation in Latvia concerning the preparedness of officers of the border control and immigration control structural units of the State Border Guard for Schengen evaluation on-site visits, examination of its legal regulation and practical aspects. In the research the scientific information about the Schengen evaluation historical development is summarised, its principles and mechanisms are reviewed, as well as its significance in the state border security is defined. The topicality of the theme is defined by the fact that in Latvia the regular Schengen acquis application evaluation started in July 2012 and it completed in May 2013. In practice the Member States’ evaluations are implemented on the basis of multiannual and annual evaluation programme. The next planned evaluation is foreseen in 2018. The new evaluation mechanism gave the possibility of organisation of unannounced evaluation on-site visits aiming at getting clearer picture of the present situation and working out recommendations for further actions to remedy any deficiencies in the external border control. It is obvious that the largest responsibility in Schengen acquis application enters the scope of competences of the institutions subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior, namely, the State Police and the State Border Guard. The issues of the research indicate how important and necessary is the complex approach to ensuring of Schengen evaluation on-site visits – both announced and unannounced – implementing the integrated border management in the general context of the European Union and contributing to the common state security in the European Union. In the research it was concluded that the State Border Guard implements a range of actions in accordance with its competence in the field in question, thus ensuring realisation of requirements on the corresponding level.
PERSPECTIVES ON DEVELOPING E-LEARNING AT THE STATE BORDER GUARD COLLEGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA
Authors: Spridzāns Mārtiņš , Pavlovičs Jans
Published: July 2018

The authors of this article describe the development process of e-learning system at the State Border Guard College, depict theoretical and practical concepts, peculiarities of e-course’s development. Suggestions and proposals on e-course development and improvement based on the experience gained during e-learning course development and administration supported by survey results are given in the conclusion of this article in order to facilitate the improvement of e-learning systems in other law enforcement agencies.
DEVELOPMENT AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE STATE BORDER GUARD E-LEARNING SYSTEM
Authors: Pavlovičs Jans
Published: July 2018

In this article, the author focuses on the development of e-learning in the State Border Guard of the Republic of Latvia. The author gives an idea of the world trends in the development of e-learning, the features and possibilities of using it in the State Border Guard of the Republic of Latvia. Author indicates possible options for the development of e-learning, as well as difficulties and possible solutions. This research is lengthy and implies further research of the use of e-learning in the State Border Guard of the Republic of Latvia.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF USING THE PRESENCE DETECTION SYSTEMS IN THE STATE BORDER GUARD
Authors: Mikažans Arvils , Volkova Jelena
Published: July 2018

The authors of the article analyse data on the effectiveness of presence detection systems in state’s border guarding and characterize presence detection systems used by the State Border Guard, as well as summarize international experience of presence detection system usage. Aim of the research is to explore practical aspects, problems and development facilities of all presence detection systems used by the State Border Guard of Latvia.
Improvement of friction units of power plants by aplying ceramic composite spray coatings
Authors: Siluyanova M. V. , Fertikov A. O.
Published: July 2018

Modifying the working surface of a product by applying protective and functional coatings makes possible considerable changes in the mechanical, optical, electrical, magnetic, thermal and chemical properties of the original structural material, its real surface, producing articles with protective, for example, anti-corrosion, wear-resistant and other properties. We investigated the possibility of improving the friction units of aircraft power plants by applying nanostructured ceramic composite spray coatings. A heavily loaded bearing forming a part of the gearbox of a turbojet engine is used as a prototype of the friction unit. The advantages and drawbacks of improved friction units as compared to production models and their prototypes made according to an improved technology are assessed. The results obtained during the experimental work are presented. A positive conclusion is made about the use of nanostructured composite materials in the development of friction units; the most favorable method of coating is determined.
Forecasting low-cycle fatigue life of gas-turbine engine parts by the method of equivalent tests for specimens with stress concentrator under extension-compression
Authors: Bukatyy S. A. , Pakhomenkov A. V. , Solntsev G. A. , Bukatyy A. S.
Published: July 2018

A method of low-cycle fatigue equivalent tests based on the application of test specimens whose stress-strain state shall be similar to the stress-strain state of the part to be investigated is proposed in the paper. The stiffness ratio of the stressed state is used as the similarity criterion of stress and strain state of the specimens and the part. The method was successfully applied on the low-pressure compressor disk of a gas turbine engine. Specimens with a circular cross section and a V-concentrator were used as equivalent specimens. The tests were carried out as follows: the specimens were tested under stretching and compression for the zero-to-compression stress cycle; the disks were tested on a dedicated test bench with the spin-up of up to 5000 rpm. The proposed method of equivalent tests makes it possible to forecast low-cycle fatigue life of large-sized critical parts whose full-scale tests cannot be carried out. The method can also be used to assess the high-cycle fatigue life of parts and to forecast their long-term strength. The obtained equations make it possible to design and optimize the construction of aviation parts: the permissible value of strain rate in the most strained area of the part can be determined by the specified fatigue life.
The Structural Characteristics of Green Tea Polyphenols on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW Cells
Authors: Hung Yung-Li , Miyazaki Hiromi , Fang Shih-Hua , Li Chia-Yang , Suzuki Katsuhiko
Published: July 2018

The inflammatory response of macrophages is involved in pathogenesis of lifestyle-related diseases. Green tea consumption reduces the incidence of lifestyle-related diseases. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenols of green tea including gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in vitro. The macrophage cell line RAW264 cells were pre-treated with different concentrations of polyphenols (gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and EGCG) for 4 h, and were stimulated with LPS for 45 min, 2 h and 24 h. After 24 h LPS challenge, cell lysates and supernatants were harvested. The protein concentration of whole cell lysate was used for determination of cell growth/viability by the BCA assay. The production of TNF-? and IL-6 was measured by ELISA. The total expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was detected by Western blotting. Our results showed that the total protein content of cells was decreased after LPS challenge, while this effect was attenuated when cells were pre-treated with 10 ?M gallic acid and EGCG. Pre-treatment with 1 and 10 ?M EGCG and (-)-catechin significantly decreased the production of TNF-? and IL-6. Furthermore, pre-treatment with 10 ?M gallic acid significantly reduced the production of TNF-? and IL-6. Pre-treatment with 10 ?M (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin, (-) epicatechin, and EGCG enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK after stimulation with LPS for 45 min and 2 h. By contrast, pre-treatment with gallic acid did not affect the production and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. These results demonstrated that polyphenols with pyrogallol-type structures in green tea attenuate the activation of macrophages.
Treatment with Herbal Mouthwash Mediates Improvement of Symptoms in Xerostomia and Oral Mucositis patients
Authors: Berrout Jonathan , Dahlbeck Scott , Rotino Gianluca , Nguyen Diane , Figueroa Jose
Published: July 2018

Oral discomfort and pain are frequent side-effects of many popular prescription medications. Over 500 prescription drugs are known to result in the development of adverse oral conditions. In fact, approximately 40% of patients suffer from xerostomia and oral mucositis, as a result of cancer medications. The number of affected individuals is expected to continue to rise, given that the incidence of major cancers is predicted to grow over the next decade. Regrettably, there are currently lacks of treatments available to effectively improve xerostomia and oral mucositis symptoms. Interestingly, the use of several herbal ingredients (such as chamomile, cinnamon, and peppermint oil) has been reported to effectively improve pain and oral dryness. For this reason, we examined the effectiveness of an herbal mouthwash, Nature’s Herbal (a blend of cinnamon oil, chamomile, cranberry, and peppermint extract), to alleviate symptoms of oral pain and dry mouth exhibited by patients diagnosed with oral mucositis and xerostomia. Daily treatment with the mouthwash induced a 53% ± 6% and 33.2% ± 3.8% improvement in the severity of symptom, for the oral mucositis and xerostomia patients groups, respectively. Overall, the herbal mouthwash induced an improvement in 91% of oral mucositis and 83% of xerostomia patients.
Studying the Effectiveness of Prevention Training Program of Drug Abuse on Reducing Risk Factors in Soldiers and Staffs
Authors: DABAGHI Parviz , HOSSEINI-SHOKOUH Seyyed-Javad , SHAHRABADI Reza
Published: July 2018

Background and objective:    Drug abuse is one of the diseases that are highly dependent on individual behaviors and social interactions. This disease can be created in places like military garrisons due to their relationship with such behaviors. Therefore, soldiers and staffs are at risk of drug abuse. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prevention training program of drug abuse on reducing risk factors in soldiers and staffs in Iran.Methods:In this quasi-experimental interventional study, 392 soldiers and staffs in two military garrisons in Khorasan Razavi (Intervention group 242 and control group 150) were randomly conducted to training program. The data collection tools were questionnaire of identifying people in risk of addiction, life skills questionnaire and demographic variables. The questionnaires were completed as self-report. Educational content was consisted of seven training sessions (60-minute) that only applied in the intervention group. 45 days after the last training session, educational software was distributed as a reminder in the intervention group. The two groups were followed up three months after the intervention. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results:  The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in demographic variables (Pvalue>0.05). The mean scores for risk factors on drug abuse after training program (Depression and feeling of inability, Positive attitude toward drug abuse and Anxiety and fearing of others) were significantly improved in the intervention group (Pvalue<0.05). Also, life skills variables except the problem solving skill (Pvalue>0.05) had a significant change after intervention in the intervention group (Pvalue<0.05).Conclusion:The findings indicated that the prevention training program of drug abuse based on life skills training could reduce the risk factors of drug abuse for soldiers and staffs in military garrisons.
Effects of Motivation on the Learning Activity
Authors: CEAUSU Felicia M.
Published: July 2018

A сonсept wіth a broad reѕonanсe іn the hіѕtory of human behavіor, motіvatіon expreѕѕeѕ the faсt that “the baѕіѕ of human behavіor – eіther by knowledge or by praсtісe and aсtіonѕ – іѕ alwayѕ a ѕet of іnсentіveѕ – needѕ, attraсtіonѕ, emotіonѕ, aсtіonѕ, deedѕ, attіtudeѕ”. A produсt of the enсounter between the bіologіс and the ѕoсіal, motіvatіon operateѕ aѕ a dynamіс and plaѕtіс ѕyѕtem provіdіng the ѕoсіal-adaptіve program of the ѕubjeсt. Genetісally, thіѕ program exіѕtѕ іn prіmal formѕ and at pre-human levelѕ. By learnіng and eduсatіon, ѕome of theѕe meсhanіѕmѕ are enhanсed and reсonѕtruсted, otherѕ are ѕuѕpended and therefore, at a сertaіn level of ѕubjeсt’ѕ development, they bear the mark of hіgh ѕubjeсtіvіty, unіqueneѕѕ and orіgіnalіty. Havіng relatіve autonomy, theѕe are сapable to mobіlіze, to іnterrupt, to aсtіvely tranѕform the external сauѕeѕ, to medіate the іnfіnіte varіabіlіty of the relatіonѕhіpѕ of human wіth the envіronment, wіth hіm/herѕelf and to provіde the energy and the сonѕtellatіon of meanіngѕ whісh he or ѕhe gіveѕ to realіty. The general objeсtіve of thіѕ ѕtudy іѕ to іnveѕtіgate the motіvatіon of pre-unіverѕіty ѕtudentѕ from the perѕpeсtіve of ѕelf/determіnatіon. Sіnсe thіѕ perѕpeсtіve іѕ very broad, we foсuѕed only on the analyѕіѕ of the relatіonѕhіp between the evaluatіon (ѕelf-evaluatіon) of ѕсhool related taѕkѕ and the typeѕ of motіvatіon (aссordіng to a ѕpeсіfіс typology). The emphaѕіѕ wіll be on the іntrіnѕіс motіvatіon takіng alѕo іnto aссount the debateѕ іn reсent tіmeѕ aссordіng to whісh we are wіtneѕѕіng a сonѕtant deсreaѕe of thіѕ type of motіvatіon.
Using Sociodrama to Foster Cultural Humility among Faculty and Students in the Academic Medical Center
Authors: LOUE Sana
Published: July 2018

Cultural humility and cultural safety offer the potential to go beyond what is possible with cultural competence to reduce unconscious bias and discrimination in medicine and to foster diversity and inclusion. Cultural humility moves the focus from one on content and the provider as the repository of knowledge to an emphasis on the process of learning and communication between the provider and the patient, thereby modifying the power dynamic within the provider-patient relationship and creating an openness for patient expression and sharing. By creating a space of cultural safety, the provider engages with the patient from a value-neutral perspective such that the patient is neither blamed nor discounted.  Cultural humility can be fostered in the academic medical center by using sociodramatic techniques to explore scenarios that are relevant to faculty, students, and staff. Successful use of this technique can help to clarify conflicts in intergroup conflicts, foster critical questioning, build an awareness of how individuals may feel alienated and dislocated, help to develop empathy, and provide an opportunity for individuals to explore possible responses to a variety of situations.
Perception on Physical Education among Students
Authors: LEUCIUC Florin
Published: July 2018

One way to find the perceptions about physical education (activity) among students is to apply some questionnaire. By applying physical activity index questionnaire to the students, we will be able to determine the level of physical activity practiced and their perception about physical education in their daily life. The study involved 166 undergraduate and master students (age 22.83±5.80) from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, whose distribution was as follows: undergraduate male - 61, undergraduate female - 58; master male - 28, master female – 19. It should be mentioned that their academic activity includes between 1 and 6 hours of practical activities and some of the participants practice various sports, which means additionally between 6 and 10 hours of training per week. The questionnaire was applied to the subjects in January 2018. The results for ANOVA analysis between gender indicated significant differences between males and females in all three analyzed situations (undergraduate, master and overall), but the analysis made inside gender (undergraduate, master) did not show any statistical difference. The study is limited to the number of participants (166), but it can be a benchmark for other studies aiming at the physical education for youth and students and their impact on health-related fitness and an active lifestyle. In the future it is necessary to assess the subjects with some practical tests to see if there is any correlation between questionnaire scores (a subjective evaluation) and the results of the tests, where we are talking about objective evaluation; this is necessary to determine if the reliability of the questionnaire is adequate to the Romanian students and to be used as benchmark in the future.
Respuesta morfológica de cuatro híbridos comerciales de maíz (Zea mays L.) por fertilización edáfica y edáfica-foliar
Authors: Barragán Rosado Luigy , Rosero Guillen Carmen , Campi Ortiz David , Auhing Arcos Javier , Canchignia Martínez Hayron
Published: July 2018

El rendimiento del cultivo de maíz en Ecuador se encuentra por debajo del potencial genético de los híbridos cultivados. Entre los factores limitantes se encuentra la deficiencia de micronutrientes. La fertilización foliar es una práctica empleada para corregir las deficiencias nutricionales no suministradas por la fertilización edáfica. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficiencia de los fertilizantes foliares en los caracteres morfológicos de los híbridos: H.Das-3383, 2B-604, Insignia-105 y Dekalb-7500. Se empleó un diseño de bloques al azar, con ocho tratamientos. La fertilización foliar acelera el proceso de formación de órganos florales al híbrido 2B-604 a DFM y DFF con 50 y 53 días, también mejora la AP y AIM, con 244 y 146.67 cm. El DM y LM es incrementada con 4.9 y 18,91 cm. Los híbridos 2B-604 e Insignia-105 alcanzaron los mayores rendimientos con 7,19 y 7,18 t/ha-1 respectivamente. El programa de fertilización edáfica+foliar, realza el potencial genético de los híbridos 2B-604 e Insignia-105, por la asimilación de nutrientes a través de sus hojas.
STUDI KEMAMPUAN LITERASI KIMIA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN KIMIA PADA MATERI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH
Authors: Laksono Pandu Jati
Published: July 2018

Kemampuan literasi kimia merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang penting untuk dimiliki oleh calon pendidik di era moderen saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketercapaian kemampuan literasi kimia pada aspek pengetahuan, aspek konteks, aspek kompetensi, dan aspek sikap. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi yang terdiri dari mahasiswa pendidikan kimia UIN Raden Fatah. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50 mahasiswa yang telah menerima mata kuliah pengelolaan laboratorium. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan angket. Instrumen penelitian data yang digunakan adalah pedoman wawancara dan lembar angket. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa kemampuan literasi kimia mahasiswa kimia pada materi pengelolaan limbah sebesar 73,33%. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa kemampuan literasi kimia mahasiswa pendidikan kimia pada materi pengelolaan limbah tergolong sedang.
México: país de pobres, no de clases medias. Un análisis de las clases medias entre 2000 y 2014
Authors: Teruel Graciela , Reyes Miguel , Minor Enrique , López Miguel
Published: July 2018

Antecedentes: la categoría “clase media” no tiene un significado único y consistente. La complejidad de su abordaje en términos conceptuales y metodológicos, similar al de la pobreza, la ubican desde diversas disciplinas como uno de los aspectos conceptuales sin consenso en la literatura. Se realiza una revisión comprehensiva de la literatura, con énfasis en las metodologías multidimensional y unidimensional del ingreso y se identifican áreas de no consensos en umbrales y dimensiones utilizadas.Metodología: se realiza la identificación de la clase media mexicana desde una perspectiva multidimensional, consistente con el método de medición multidimensional de la pobreza del Coneval (2009), según el cual el ingreso es condición necesaria pero no suficiente de seguridad y no vulnerabilidad. Se construyen clases latentes con base en los indicadores de derechos y bienestar de Coneval que identificaron la proporción de población en clases medias. Se obtienen cinco categorías: población en pobreza multidimensional, población vulnerable por ingreso, población vulnerable por carencias sociales, clases medias y población rica.Resultados: entre los principales hallazgos se encuentra evidencia de que México sigue siendo un país de pobres, más que de clases medias. La cantidad de personas en condición de pobreza es 2.3 veces mayor que lo que representa la clase media; por lo tanto, el estatus y las condiciones de vida garantes de la seguridad y no vulnerabilidad económica, características de la clase media, sólo se garantizan para poco más de un cuarto del total de la población, 27.5%. El artículo presenta resultados sobre la evolución de la clase media, la cual crece entre 2000 y 2006, hasta antes de la crisis alimentaria y económico-financiera de 2006 y 2008, pero nunca llega a niveles superiores a 50%. Tras la crisis, comienza nuevamente su descenso a niveles similares a los de 1994, condición que muestra su vulnerabilidad ante situaciones de crisis o shocks.Conclusiones: el artículo concluye que la sostenibilidad de las clases medias en el tiempo depende tanto de políticas públicas efectivas y eficientes de combate a la pobreza, como de políticas dirigidas a las denominadas clases medias, lo cual en México y países de América Latina no existe. Ello implica que las más amplias capas de población, de la misma manera que en los países desarrollados, tengan acceso a un salario mínimo digno que garantice el bienestar, servicios efectivos de salud adecuados, educación de calidad, acceso al mercado de créditos y el sistema financiero, así como pensiones adecuadas y dignas.
Características del estado cognitivo de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple remitente – recurrente durante el brote en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas 2014 – 2016.
Authors: Osorio-Marcatinco Víctor , Castro-Suarez Sheila , Meza-Vega María
Published: July 2018

La Esclerosis Múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad desmielinizante del sistema nervioso central. Puede manifestarse con una amplia variedad de síntomas. El compromiso cognitivo tiene una prevalencia de 45% aproximadamente durante la enfermedad. Objetivos: Determinar las características clínicas del estado cognitivo durante el brote en pacientes hospitalizados con EM remitente - recurrente. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una descripción transversal de 13 pacientes con diagnóstico de EM entre enero 2014 a diciembre 2016 del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas. Se aplicó la prueba Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) versión peruana para la exploración cognitiva durante la hospitalización. La escala de discapacidad ampliada de Kurtzke fue usada en la evaluación clínica. En la determinación de comorbilidades psiquiátricas se empleó la escala de depresión y ansiedad de Hamilton. Resultados: La puntuación media de la prueba ACE fue 89,62 puntos. El rendimiento en cada dominio cognitivo mostró una tendencia de puntuaciones altas. El 38,46% tuvo algún grado de depresión o ansiedad. El deterioro cognitivo estuvo presente en un 15,38%. Conclusiones: Se encontró compromiso cognitivo en el brote clínico de los pacientes hospitalizados con EM-RR. Se sugiere realizar estudios con mayores muestras, y posteriores a brotes clínicos y uso de corticoides.
Calidad de vida en adultos con antecedente de Trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad en la niñez sin sospecha actual del trastorno en Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Miyagusuku-Chang Aida , Saavedra Javier E.
Published: July 2018

Objetivos: Evaluar la calidad de vida de adultos con antecedente de trastorno de déficit de atención (TDAH) en Lima metropolitana. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se basó en los datos del “Estudio Epidemiológico de Salud Mental en Lima Metropolitana y el Callao-2012” que se realizó mediante una encuesta directa a 4445 adultos, obtenidos mediante un muestreo probabilístico de tres etapas. La encuesta fue realizada por personal capacitado usando como instrumentos la MINI Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional Plus (M.I.N.I PLUS), el cuestionario autoinformado de cribado del TDAH del adulto- V1.1 (ASRS-V1.1) y el Índice de Calidad de Vida desarrollado por Mezzich y col. Se usó las pruebas F de independencia para la evaluación de asociaciones bivariadas y el modelo lineal general para la comparación de la calidad de vida. Resultados: Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la calidad de vida entre adultos con antecedente de TDAH y sin este (p=0,034). El antecedente de TDAH en la niñez se relacionó al sexo masculino (p=0,019), a la pobreza (p=0,025) y a la presencia de otros trastornos psiquiátricos en la actualidad (p<0,0001). Conclusiones: La calidad de vida es menor en adultos con antecedente de TDAH independientemente de la persistencia del trastorno y/o diagnóstico actual. El efecto pernicioso del antecedente TDAH en la infancia puede tener connotaciones en el campo de la prevención, la atención clínica e inclusive en las definiciones nosológicas del TDAH en el adulto.
La adicción como enfermedad: ¿mitigando o alimentando el estigma?
Authors: Trujols Albet Joan , Allende Leal Saiko
Published: July 2018

Carta al editor.
Disposición para participar en investigación en población adicta: prevalencia y factores asociados
Authors: Morán-Sánchez Inés , Luna Aurelio , Pérez-Cárceles María Dolores
Published: July 2018

Cada vez se presta más atención a las motivaciones de las personas reclutadas para ensayos clínicos, especialmente si pertenecen a colectivos vulnerables. Aunque la participación en investigación de las personas con trastorno por uso de sustancias (TUS) suscita estereotipos negativos, muy pocos estudios se han centrado en los factores que influyen en la misma. Nuestro objetivo es analizar sus motivaciones comparando las razones y la disposición a participar en un ensayo hipotético de 53 pacientes con diagnósticos DSM-5 de TUS y 50 controles. Las respuestas que dieron a la entrevista MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research se correlacionaron con diversas variables. No encontramos diferencias significativas entre ambas poblaciones en términos de motivaciones y disposición a participar. El 59% de la población TUS mencionó altruismo, un 53,8% esperaba beneficio terapéutico, y el 43,6% deseaba ayudar a otros. De los pacientes con TUS que rechazaron participar, el 69,2% alegó miedo y el 46,2% incomodidad por los riesgos. La disposición a participar se relacionó con un mayor nivel cognitivo y de alfabetización informática. En el análisis multivariante, la aversión a la investigación permaneció como factor predictivo significativo de la disposición a participar. Cuando la investigación no está relacionada con su diagnóstico, las motivaciones de la población TUS son similares a las de los controles y se deducen lógicamente del estudio, aunque también se evidenciaron elementos de “error terapéutico”. Por consiguiente, las visiones negativas sobre las motivaciones de los TUS como participantes en investigación son infundadas. Para mejorar el reclutamiento, las valoraciones deben dirigirse a vulnerabilidades especificas en lugar de al diagnóstico.