bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Competencies and Global Skills—Professional Competences of University Teachers of Engineering Programmes
Authors: Svitačová Eva , Šeben Zaťková Tímea
Published: July 2020

Globalization of education is closely connected to increasing personality requirements for university teachers who should be well-educated professionals as well as mature personalities coping with interactions not only within the environment of their faculty or university, but also in the broader new global environment. As they are expected to provide complex training of the graduates for the practice in the globalized world, they are supposed to have mastered not only professional and pedagogical competences, but also social competences which belong amongst the key competences. This contribution deals with the issue of social competences amongst which we also include specific group of global skills. The issue of competences can be perceived as a challenge for the whole educational system, including the training of future teachers who in the new global environment gradually change into global teachers. For realization of educational activities at universities in the new global environment intercultural and global competencies or global skills are important in particular. Not only they facilitate fulfilling of educational goals, they also provide complex training of the graduates for the practice in different fields of science and technology with regard to the the fact that they will then realize teaching in the new global economic and social environment. At the same time they provide easier communication and cooperation with different subjects at schools, universities and in the broader social environment. In the contribution we provide a summary of definitions and opinions of different authors on this issue. Currently these are considered to make a part of the “professional competence” of a global teacher who can understand the changes in the global environment and react to them flexibly through his pedagogical activities. No matter to what extent the competencies along with knowledge and skills are considered to represent goals and simultaneously results of education, social competences of university teachers should be currently perceived as an issue that demands increasing attention also from university pedagogy which is understood as an important prerequisite of quality pedagogical work of a university teacher. This issue actually became a matter of interest of numerous university workplaces.
The Robot Will See You Now
Authors: Zeldovich Lina
Published: July 2020

Robots have long helped humans by doing tasks that are too dangerous, too difficult, and too dull. That is why they proved indispensable in the automotive and other industries. Over the past decade, engineers have also built smarter robots that can orient in place, avoid obstacles, follow voice commands and make decisions. Some of these intelligent robots proved invaluable in natural and man-made disasters. Now, roboticists are realizing another convenient attribute of robotic systems—they are impervious to disease outbreaks. This article looks at how robots are being used to combat COVID-19.
Investigation of Correction Trajectory Considering Bone End-Plane Orientation and the Shortest Growth Path
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Li Guotong , Hu Xiaojie , Dong Mingjie , Tao Chunjing , Ji Run , Chen Ying
Published: July 2020

External fixators are widely used in orthopedics for the purposes of fracture reduction and bone deformity correction. Since there is nonlinear mapping between the joint and operation spaces of the external fixator, bone correction trajectories achieved by equally adjusting the length of the struts in the joint space are usually not the trajectories that clinicians expect. Based on two different adjustment strategies, a new strategy considering bone end-plane orientation and the shortest growth path is proposed to plan the position and orientation of the distal bone end, which is named joint adjustment for equal bone distraction. By proposing the inverse and forward kinematic solutions of an Ortho-SUV external fixator, correction trajectories with three different adjustment strategies are generated and compared, and the bone shapes for each strategy are modeled. The results obtained by comparative analysis indicate that a smooth and uniformly spaced linear trajectory can be acquired using the new adjustment strategy, which can avoid bone end interference and maintain an optimal distraction rate of 1.03 mm/day, with only a 3% error compared with 1 mm/day. The new strategy can perform multiplane corrections simultaneously and is beneficial for stimulating the growth of new bone tissue.
Changes in Knee Joint Mechanics After Medial Meniscectomy Determined With a Poromechanical Model
Authors: Uzuner Sabri , Li LePing , Kucuk Serdar , Memisoglu Kaya
Published: July 2020

The menisci play a vital role in the mechanical function of knee joint. Unfortunately, meniscal tears often occur. Meniscectomy is a surgical treatment for meniscal tears; however, mechanical changes in the knee joint after meniscectomy is a risk factor to osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to investigate the altered cartilage mechanics of different medial meniscectomies using a poromechanical model of the knee joint. The cartilaginous tissues were modeled as nonlinear fibril-reinforced porous materials with full saturation. The ligaments were considered as anisotropic hyperelastic and reinforced by a fibrillar collagen network. A compressive creep load of ¾ body weight was applied in full extension of the right knee during 200 s standing. Four finite element models were developed to simulate different meniscectomies of the joint using the intact model as the reference for comparison. The modeling results showed a higher load support in the lateral than medial compartment in the intact joint, and the difference in the load share between the compartments was augmented with medial meniscectomy. Similarly, the contact and fluid pressures were higher in the lateral compartment. On the other hand, the medial meniscus in the normal joint experienced more loading than the lateral one. Furthermore, the contact pressure distribution changed with creep, resulting in a load transfer between cartilage and meniscus within each compartment while the total load born by the compartment remained unchanged. This study has quantified the altered contact mechanics on the type and size of meniscectomies, which may be used to understand meniscal tear or support surgical decisions.
Design of High Ratio Gear Reducer Using Vernier Differential Theory
Authors: Chang Jaehyeock , Chang Inbae
Published: July 2020

In this study, we propose a high ratio involute gear reducer using the Vernier effect, so-called Vernier drive. Our design consists of a fixed internal gear, a rotating internal gear, and single-profile planetary gears, which are mounted on a carrier and simultaneously mesh with both internal gears. Since the mechanism requires a design beyond the conventional gear meshing principles, a method to modify the tooth profile of the rotating internal gear is introduced and mathematically verified with exact geometric relations. The performance of the Vernier drive is theoretically studied by quasi-static analysis, and the operation is tested with additively manufactured prototypes. The results demonstrate that the Vernier drive is able to cover a wide range of reduction ratios with a simple mechanism.
Knee Kinematics of Healthy Adults Measured Using Biplane Radiography
Authors: Gale Tom , Anderst William
Published: July 2020

A dataset of knee kinematics in healthy, uninjured adults is needed to serve as a reference for comparison when evaluating the effects of injury, surgery, rehabilitation, and age. Most currently available datasets that characterize healthy knee kinematics were developed using conventional motion analysis, known to suffer from skin motion artifact. More accurate kinematics, obtained from bone pins or biplane radiography, have been reported for datasets ranging in size from 5 to 15 knees. The aim of this study was to characterize tibiofemoral kinematics and its variability in a larger sample of healthy adults. Thirty-nine knees were imaged using biplane radiography at 100 images/s during multiple trials of treadmill walking. Multiple gait trials were captured to measure stance and swing-phase knee kinematics. Six degrees-of-freedom kinematics were determined using a validated volumetric model-based tracking process. A bootstrapping technique was used to define average and 90% prediction bands for the kinematics. The average ROM during gait was 7.0 mm, 3.2 mm, and 2.9 mm in anterior/posterior (AP), medial/lateral (ML), and proximal/distal (PD) directions, and 67.3 deg, 11.5 deg, and 3.7 deg in flexion/extension (FE), internal/external (IE), and abduction/adduction (AbAd). Continuous kinematics demonstrated large interknee variability, with 90% prediction bands spanning approximately ±4 mm, ±10 mm, and ±5 mm for ML, AP, and PD translations and ±15 deg, ±10 deg, and ±6 deg in FE, IE, and AbAd. This dataset suggests substantial variability exists in healthy knee kinematics. This study provides a normative database for evaluating knee kinematics in patients who receive conservative or surgical treatment.
Using Technologically Related Products From Other Domains as Inspirations for Technology-Push Product Concept Generation
Authors: Lee Minho , Hwang Dongwook , Lee Yoonjin , Choi Byunghyun , Park Woojin
Published: July 2020

This study presents a novel ideation aid termed technologically related products from other domains (TeRPODs) for addressing technology-push product concept generation problems. A technology-push product concept generation problem is specified in terms of a new technology and a target product/industry/business domain for which the technology is to be utilized to create novel products/applications. TeRPODs are example applications of the technology collected from domains other than the target domain and serve as brainstorming stimuli during the new product concept generation. An experiment was conducted to empirically evaluate the utility of TeRPODs. The technology-push product concept generation problem considered was that of developing new applications of the augmented reality head-up display (AR HUD) technology for the automotive domain. Two groups of participants, one utilizing a relevant set of TeRPODs (the TeRPODs group) for ideation and the other (the control group) without any ideation aids, performed individual brainstorming to generate new automotive AR HUD application concepts. The TeRPODs group produced a significantly better ideation outcome than the control group in the quantity and diversity of ideation outcome. Also, the use of TeRPODs significantly improved usefulness, novelty, preference, and profitability ratings of generated ideas. TeRPODs may serve as a useful ideation tool for technology-push inventions.
Design of a Lightweight Single-Actuator Multi-Grasp Prosthetic Hand With Force Magnification
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhao Bin , Liu Zenghui , Xu Kai
Published: July 2020

Restoring human grasp functions by prosthesis is a long-standing challenge in robotics research. Aiming at prosthetic applications, this paper presents a novel anthropomorphic multi-grasp hand design. The hand is driven by only one motor, and several mechanisms were designed for enhanced functionality. First, a continuum differential mechanism (CDM) was used to generate differential finger motions and to simplify the transmission of the hand. Second, a load adaptive variable transmission (LAVT) was designed to magnify the grasp forces. Moreover, a prismatic clutch is embedded in the hand, to lower the motor's energy consumption. Myoelectric control was implemented using affordable control hardware and sensors. All the above components are integrated in the proposed prosthetic hand, which is an average adult male size and weighs 470 g (including batteries). Experiments, including a preliminary clinical evaluation, were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the hand for prosthetic use. The results show that the hand can perform various grasps and can be a viable option for transradial prosthesis.
A reanalysis of nanoparticle tumor delivery using classical pharmacokinetic metrics
Authors: Price Lauren S. L. , Stern Stephan T. , Deal Allison M. , Kabanov Alexander V. , Zamboni William C.
Published: July 2020

Interpretation of nanoparticle PK results can be markedly influenced by differing PK metrics selected.
Future precipitation increase from very high resolution ensemble downscaling of extreme atmospheric river storms in California
Authors: Huang Xingying , Swain Daniel L. , Hall Alex D.
Published: July 2020

California’s most intense atmospheric river storms will bring increasingly extreme precipitation in a warming climate.
Purely satellite data–driven deep learning forecast of complicated tropical instability waves
Authors: Zheng Gang , Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Rong-Hua , Liu Bin
Published: July 2020

We developed a deep learning model to forecast the sea surface temperature evolution associated with tropical instability waves.
Crystal structure of the human oxytocin receptor
Authors: Waltenspühl Yann , Schöppe Jendrik , Ehrenmann Janosch , Kummer Lutz , Plückthun Andreas
Published: July 2020

Human oxytocin receptor structure reveals the basis for ligand recognition and allosteric modulation by lipids and ions.
Two-miRNA–based finger-stick assay for estimation of absorbed ionizing radiation dose
Authors: Yadav Marshleen , Bhayana Sagar , Liu Joseph , Lu Lanchun , Huang Jason , Ma Ya , Qamri Zahida , Mo Xiaokui , Jacob Diviya S. , Parasa Shashaank T. , Bhuiya Noureen , Fadda Paolo , Xu-Welliver Meng , Chakravarti Arnab , Jacob Naduparambil K.
Published: July 2020

A circulating microRNA-based biodosimetry assay estimates ionizing radiation dose in mice at a range and time points relevant to human health care.
Dynamic changes in glioma macrophage populations after radiotherapy reveal CSF-1R inhibition as a strategy to overcome resistance
Authors: Akkari Leila , Bowman Robert L. , Tessier Jeremy , Klemm Florian , Handgraaf Shanna M. , de Groot Marnix , Quail Daniela F. , Tillard Lucie , Gadiot Jules , Huse Jason T. , Brandsma Dieta , Westerga Johan , Watts Colin , Joyce Johanna A.
Published: July 2020

Macrophage subsets are dynamically altered during glioma response to radiotherapy, and their targeting delays tumor recurrence in preclinical trials.
High-loading Gα
13
-binding EXE peptide nanoparticles prevent thrombosis and protect mice from cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Pang Aiming , Cheng Ni , Cui Yujie , Bai Yanyan , Hong Zhigang , Delaney M. Keegan , Zhang Yaping , Chang Claire , Wang Can , Liu Chang , Plata Paola Leon , Zakharov Alexander , Kabirov Kasim , Rehman Jalees , Skidgel Randal A. , Malik Asrar B. , Liu Ying , Lyubimov Aleksander , Gu Minyi , Du Xiaoping
Published: July 2020

In vivo high-loading peptide nanoparticle administration prevented thrombosis and myocardial injury without causing bleeding in mice.
Role of GlnR in Controlling Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Genes in
Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Biswas Rajesh , Sonenshein Abraham L. , Belitsky Boris R.
Published: July 2020

L. monocytogenes
is a widespread foodborne pathogen. Nitrogen-containing compounds, such as the glutamate-containing tripeptide, glutathione, and glutamine, have been shown to be important for expression of
L. monocytogenes
virulence genes. In this work, we showed that a transcriptional regulator, GlnR, controls expression of critical listerial genes of nitrogen metabolism that are involved in ammonium uptake and biosynthesis of glutamine and glutamate. A different mode of GlnR-mediated regulation was found for each of these three pathways.
Oral Immunotherapy for Treatment of Peanut Allergy
Authors: Dunlop Joan H
Published: July 2020

The US Food and Drug Administration's approval of a peanut oral immunotherapy product in January 2020 is a landmark development in the field of food allergy therapy. While food allergy prevalence has been increasing, this product is the first approved therapy for food allergy. Oral immunotherapy has many similarities to subcutaneous immunotherapy and drug desensitization protocols, but does not lead to sustained unresponsiveness. The studies leading to approval of the Palforzia product demonstrated increase in the amount of peanut protein able to be consumed, with 67% of subjects randomized to the treatment arm able to consume 600 mg of peanut protein in double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge at study exit. However, side effects are an important consideration, and dropout rates in studies of Palforzia ranged from 11% to 21%. Postmarketing surveillance of this product will be critical in assessing its long-term risks and benefits.
Effects of acute angle, proximal bending, and distal bending in the deployment vessels on incomplete low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) expansion: an in vitro study
Authors: Ikeda Hiroyuki , Otsuka Ryotaro , Uesaka Daisuke , Sano Noritaka , Torikoshi Sadaharu , Hayase Makoto , Toda Hiroki
Published: July 2020

Background

A low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) device may incompletely expand during stent deployment in tortuous vessels. However, the cause of incomplete expansion remains uninvestigated. We aimed to examine in vitro the factors causing incomplete expansion in LVIS deployment by using various vessel models.

Methods

A linear model group was created by connecting linear silicone tubes (inner diameter 4 mm) at both sides of the LVIS deployment vessel (inner diameter 4 mm) with different curvature angles of 10–140° at 10° intervals. For comparison, proximal and distal bending model groups were created, both with 90° bending on the proximal/distal larger curvature side of the deployment vessel. A single operator macroscopically deployed an LVIS (4.5×32 mm) four times in each model and 56 times in each group.

Results

In each model group the LVIS deployment vessel with a narrow curvature angle incompletely expanded. Incomplete expansion occurred significantly more frequently in the distal bending model group (34%, 19/56) compared with that in the linear model group (14.3%, 8/56; p<0.001), as well as in the proximal bending model group (59%, 33/56) compared with that in the distal bending model group (p<0.05). Compared with the linear model group, the proximal bending model group had a significantly reduced angle between the LVIS and the direction of the LVIS pushing force, but no significant change was found in the distal bending model group compared with that in the linear model group.

Conclusions

Factors such as acute angle, distal bending, and proximal bending of the deployment vessel can cause incomplete LVIS expansion.
Does autoimmune thyroid disease affect rheumatoid arthritis disease activity or response to methotrexate?
Authors: Waldenlind Kristin , Delcoigne Bénédicte , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Askling Johan
Published: July 2020

Objective

To investigate if autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) impacts rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity or response to methotrexate.

Methods

A nationwide register-based cohort study of 9 004 patients with new-onset RA from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register year 2006–2016, with linkage to other nationwide registers to identify comorbidity with AITD defined as thyroxine prescription before RA diagnosis, excluding non-autoimmune causes. We compared RA disease activity using 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and its components, and EULAR response, between patients with and without AITD, using logistic regression.

Results

At diagnosis, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs; patient global, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index and pain) but not objective disease activity measures (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and swollen joint count) were significantly higher (p<0.05 for all PROMs) among RA patients with AITD compared with those without. The level of DAS28 was 5.2 vs 5.1. By contrast, AITD had little influence on EULAR response to methotrexate at 3 months (OR of non/moderate response=0.95, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.1), nor at 6 months. When stratified by age, however, AITD was more common among EULAR non/moderate responders at 3 and 6 months in patients below 45 years resulting in ORs of non/moderate response of 1.44 (0.76–2.76) and 2.75 (1.04–7.28).

Conclusion

At diagnosis, RA patients with concomitant AITD score worse on patient reported but not on objective RA disease activity measures, while DAS28 was only marginally elevated. The overall chance of achieving a EULAR good response at 3 or 6 months remains unaffected, although among a limited subgroup of younger patients, AITD may be a predictor for an inferior primary response.
Inuit observations of a Tunicata bloom unusual for the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Pettitt-Wade Harri , Pearce Tristan , Kuptana David , Gallagher Colin P. , Scharffenberg Kevin , Lea Ellen V. , Hussey Nigel E. , Loseto Lisa L.
Published: July 2020

Inuit are at the forefront of ecosystem change in the Arctic, yet their observations and interpretations are rarely reported in the literature. Climate change impacts are rapidly unfolding in the Arctic and there is a need for monitoring and reporting unique observations. In this short communication, we draw upon observations and experiential knowledge from western Canadian Inuit (Inuvialuit) harvesters combined with a scientific assessment to describe and interpret an unusual account of gelatinous organisms at high densities during summer 2019 in eastern Amundsen Gulf, near Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories. The gelatinous organisms were identified as primarily appendicularian larvaceans (Oikopleura spp., pelagic tunicates) and their gelatinous “houses”. The organisms were observed within 3–5 km of the marine coast, from ∼1–2 m below the surface and to depths of ∼30 m with an underwater camera. Pelagic tunicates have rarely been documented in the eastern Amundsen Gulf and, to our knowledge, this was the first time these organisms had been noted by the people of Ulukhaktok. The pelagic tunicates clogged subsistence fishing nets and Inuvialuit harvesters were concerned about negative impacts to marine mammals and fishes, which they depend on for food security. These interpretations highlight major knowledge gaps for appendicularians in the Arctic. Video

Inuit Ukiuktaktumi nunamingni tautukpaktut nunaktik aalangnujuhianik, taimaa tautukpaktait ilihimaliktait titiraqtauyuitut titiqani. Nunam aallangujuhia tautuktauyuq kayumikhipluni Ukiuktaktun nunanni, taimatun munariyauyukhak titiraqhimayukhat aallangujuhiit. Uvani tittiqaniInuit tautukpaktait ilihimaliktait titiraqhimayut Inuvialuit anguniaqtiinnit attauttimut iliblugit qablunaat tittiratainnutilituritiarumaplugitumayuutigut tamainnut auyanani 2019mi, tahamani Admundson Gulfmi Ulukhaktuum haniani North west Territoriesmi. Tahapkuat uumayut hauniittut imangmi attauttimiitpaktut. Uumayut tahapkuat tautuktauvaktut pingahunikluunniin tallimanitulluunniin kilometresmik ungahiktilanganik tariukmitalvattauk atauhikmikluunniin, malguknikluunniin metresnik ititigiyumi. Ilaani ititqiyami 30 metresmi takunnaqpaktun ajiliurunmun. Tahapkuninga tautuyuittugaluat taja kihimi tautukpaliktait. Ulukhaktuunmiutat taja tautukpaliktait. Tahapkuat uumayut nuvaktut inmate kuvyanut himiutkpiaqpaktut, kuvyallu iqaluguikhutik. Inuit iqalukhiuktullu anguniaqtullu ihumaalugiliktait anguyamingnik niqiqaramik. Tahapkuat ilituriliktavut ilihimatttaingitnaptigit nunaptingni ukiuktaktumi ilitturrinahuaqqaqhaluavut.
Research on the relationship between turning temperature rising and turning vibration based on particle swarm optimization
Authors: Li Daquan , Li Shuncai , Hu Yuting , Chen Ziyao
Published: July 2020

To study the correlation between turning temperature, turning vibration, and turning parameters, a prediction model for turning temperature (workpiece–tool interface temperature) was established. Through the turning test, the turning temperature near the knifepoint was collected by an infrared thermometer, and the time-domain signal of turning vibration was collected by a three-way acceleration sensor. Principal component analysis (PCA) and response surface method (RSM) were used to analyze the characteristic values of vibration acceleration and turning temperature under different turning parameters. The analysis shows that the cutting depth (depth of cut) is the key factor that affects the turning vibration and the turning temperature. Model A was established with turning parameters as independent variables and turning temperature rise as dependent variables, and model C was established with turning parameters and turning vibration as independent variables and turning temperature rise as dependent variables. Models B and D were obtained by using an adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm based on models A and C. According to the test results of the models, the correlation coefficient of the prediction model is D > C = B > A, indicating that the multiple regression models B and D optimized by APSO can better predict the turning temperature rise.
Waves from the centre: probing PBH and other macroscopic dark matter with LISA
Authors: Kühnel Florian , Matas Andrew , Starkman Glenn D. , Freese Katherine
Published: July 2020

A significant fraction of cosmological dark matter can be formed by very dense macroscopic objects, for example primordial black holes. Gravitational waves offer a promising way to probe these kinds of dark-matter candidates, in a parameter space region that is relatively untested by electromagnetic observations. In this work we consider an ensemble of macroscopic dark matter with masses in the range $$10^{-13}$$10-13–$$1\ M_{\odot }$$1M⊙ orbiting a super-massive black hole. While the strain produced by an individual dark-matter particle will be very small, gravitational waves emitted by a large number of such objects will add incoherently and produce a stochastic gravitational-wave background. We show that LISA can be a formidable machine for detecting the stochastic background of such objects orbiting the black hole in the centre of the Milky Way, Sgr $$\mathrm{A}^{\!*}$$A∗, if a dark-matter spike of the type originally predicted by Gondolo and Silk forms near the central black hole.
Carbon dioxide emission in a single-lane cellular automaton model with a series of traffic lights
Authors: Binoua H. , Ez-Zahraouy H. , Khallouk A. , Lakouari N.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we propose a cellular automaton model to simulate traffic flow controlled by a series of traffic lights. The synchronized traffic light and the green wave light strategies were investigated. The spatiotemporal diagrams, energy dissipation, and CO2 emission of the system were presented. Our simulations are conducted to clarify the difference between both strategies and their effects on the traffic flow and the CO2 emission. We found that the traffic flow depends mainly on the strategy used for managing the traffic lights as well as on the parameters of the traffic lights, namely the cycle length, the number of traffic lights and the length of the system. The fundamental diagram has barely the same characteristics for both methods and it depends on the combination of the parameters of the system. We find that the green wave is more convenient for the management of a series of traffic lights than the synchronized control strategy in terms of throughput, especially for large-sized systems. Unlike in terms of CO2 emission and energy dissipation, both control strategies outperform each other depending on the density regions and the parameters of the system. Finally, we investigate the effect of both cycles (i.e. red and green) for the synchronized control method on the CO2 emission. It is found that the green cycle generates often a series of acceleration events that increase CO2 emission.
BEYOND CONVENTIONAL TRADE: TRADE OPENNESS IMPLICATIONS OF TRADE IN VALUE ADDED
Authors: YANIKKAYA HALIT , ALTUN ABDULLAH
Published: July 2020

This study compares the impacts of gross trade openness measures with trade openness in value-added measures on economic growth for the years 1995–2014 by employing a dynamic panel data estimation. Our findings suggest that although gross trade shares promote growth, using value-added trade shares magnifies this positive effect. Compared with gross terms, estimates also imply that while exports in value-added terms have much larger growth effect, imports in value-added terms have no significant impact. We then evaluate the impacts of tariffs on growth in terms of gross trade and trade in value added separately. Although our results imply the negative growth effects of gross import tariffs, this negative impact disappears for tariffs in value-added terms. These results reaffirm that trade protectionism has potential to lower global growth through reducing exports because it is clear that export shares regardless of their measurements and disaggregation levels promote growth. Our results indicate that countries should support not only exports of final products but also exports of intermediates. However, given the necessity of imports for exports, our results do not lend any evidence to discourage overall imports.
Causal cosmology with braneworld gravity including Gauss Bonnet coupling
Authors: Debnath Partha Sarathi
Published: July 2020

Causal cosmological evolutions in Randall Sundrum type II (RS) braneworld gravity with Gauss Bonnet coupling and dissipative effects are discussed here. Causal theory of dissipative effects are illustrated by Full Israel Stewart theory are implemented. We consider the numerical solutions of evolutions and analytic solutions as a special case for extremely non-linear field equation in Randall Sundrum type II braneworld gravity with Gauss Bonnet coupling. Cosmological models admitting Power law expansion, Exponential expansion and evolution in the vicinity of the stationary solution of the universe are investigated for Full Israel Stewart theory. Stability of equilibrium or fixed points related to the dynamics of evolution in Full Israel Stewart theory in Randall Sundrum type II braneworld gravity together with Gauss Bonnet coupling are disclosed here.
Topology and axions in QCD
Authors: Lombardo Maria Paola , Trunin Anton
Published: July 2020

QCD axions are at the crossroads of QCD topology and Dark Matter searches. We present here the current status of topological studies on the lattice, and their implication on axion physics. We outline the specific challenges posed by lattice topology, the different proposals for handling them, the observable effects of topology on the QCD spectrum and its interrelation with chiral and axial symmetries. We review the transition to the quark–gluon plasma, the fate of topology at the transition, and the approach to the high temperature limit. We discuss the extrapolations needed to reach the regime of cosmological relevance, and the resulting constraints on the QCD axion.
Test of the unitary coupled-cluster variational quantum eigensolver for a simple strongly correlated condensed-matter system
Authors: Xu Luogen , Lee J. T. , Freericks J. K.
Published: July 2020

The variational quantum eigensolver has been proposed as a low-depth quantum circuit that can be employed to examine strongly correlated systems on today’s noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. We examine details associated with the factorized form of the unitary coupled-cluster variant of this algorithm. We apply it to a simple strongly correlated condensed-matter system with nontrivial behavior — the four-site Hubbard model at half-filling. This work show some of the subtle issues one needs to take into account when applying this algorithm in practice, especially to condensed-matter systems.
On the lower central series of some virtual knot groups
Authors: Bardakov Valeriy G. , Nanda Neha , Neshchadim Mikhail V.
Published: July 2020

We study groups of some virtual knots with small number of crossings and prove that there is a virtual knot with long lower central series which, in particular, implies that there is a virtual knot with residually nilpotent group. This gives a possibility to construct invariants of virtual knots using quotients by terms of the lower central series of knot groups. Also, we study decomposition of virtual knot groups as semi direct product and free product with amalgamation. In particular, we prove that the groups of some virtual knots are extensions of finitely generated free groups by infinite cyclic groups.
Bounds on Scott ranks of some polish metric spaces
Authors: Chan William
Published: July 2020

If [Formula: see text] is a proper Polish metric space and [Formula: see text] is any countable dense submetric space of [Formula: see text], then the Scott rank of [Formula: see text] in the natural first-order language of metric spaces is countable and in fact at most [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the Church–Kleene ordinal of [Formula: see text] (construed as a subset of [Formula: see text]) which is the least ordinal with no presentation on [Formula: see text] computable from [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] is a rigid Polish metric space and [Formula: see text] is any countable dense submetric space, then the Scott rank of [Formula: see text] is countable and in fact less than [Formula: see text].
CWT × DWT × DTWT × SDTWT: Clarifying terminologies and roles of different types of wavelet transforms
Authors: Guido Rodrigo Capobianco , Pedroso Fernando , Furlan André , Contreras Rodrigo Colnago , Caobianco Luiz Gustavo , Neto Jogi Suda
Published: July 2020

Wavelets have been placed at the forefront of scientific researches involving signal processing, applied mathematics, pattern recognition and related fields. Nevertheless, as we have observed, students and young researchers still make mistakes when referring to one of the most relevant tools for time–frequency signal analysis. Thus, this correspondence clarifies the terminologies and specific roles of four types of wavelet transforms: the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the discrete-time wavelet transform (DTWT) and the stationary discrete-time wavelet transform (SDTWT). We believe that, after reading this correspondence, readers will be able to correctly refer to, and identify, the most appropriate type of wavelet transform for a certain application, selecting relevant and accurate material for subsequent investigation.
Personal Networks’ Influence on Student Entrepreneurs: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pugalia Sancheeta , Prakash Sai L. , Cetindamar Dilek Kozanoglu
Published: July 2020

This study focuses on students who have conceptualized the business idea during their academic studies and created the business venture during or within two years after graduation. The extant literature identifies social networks as a key factor not only for opportunity recognition but also for start-up survival. This study expands the knowledge about the roles of personal networks within the context of student entrepreneurs. By conducting focus group, interviews, and a survey at a top-ranked technological institute of higher learning in India, this study analyzed the role played by the personal networks in facilitating and enabling the creation of a venture by student entrepreneurs. Our study findings indicate that (1) student entrepreneurs expect ten potential roles from their personal networks, (2) the hierarchy of these roles indicates the triggering impact of business networking with a final outcome of motivational support, and (3) business networking, venture financing and the founding team formation are the most important roles in the actual start-up phase.
Numerical Simulation of Wave Runup and Overtopping for Short and Long Waves Using Staggered Grid Variational Boussinesq
Authors: Adytia Didit , Pudjaprasetya Sri Redjeki
Published: July 2020

In designing a numerical tool for simulating a wide variety of water waves, i.e. short to long waves, an accurate and robust wave model and numerical implementation are needed. Dispersion and nonlinearity are the two most important physical aspects that should be modeled accurately. To be applicable to simulate many coastal engineering applications, the numerical scheme should be capable of simulating wave runup and overtopping. In this paper, we extend the capability of a Boussinesq-type model called Variational Boussinesq (VB) model for simulating the runup and overtopping of water waves. To that end, the vertical layer of the fluid is modeled continuously by a linear combination of three functions. If two of these three functions have been incorporated in the previous numerical approximation called the SVB model, this paper discusses the improvement of SVB model by incorporating all the three functions. This approach improve the dispersive property of the SVB model due to its ability to simulate short waves up to kd = 20, compared to the previous model which was only up to kd = 7, where k denotes wave number and d water depth. Furthermore, the model is implemented numerically by using the staggered conservative scheme. In the new implementation, the model is switched to the non-dispersive Shallow Water Equations (SWE) when dealing with a dry area for runup and overtopping phenomena. The new implementation is tested against analytical solutions of soliton propagation and standing wave phenomenon; moreover, it is also tested against experimental data from hydrodynamic laboratories for simulating solitary wave breaking above a sloping bottom, composite beach, and in a structure for simulating overtopping phenomenon. The implementation is also tested against experimental data for simulating irregular wave propagation and runup above a fringing reef. The results of numerical simulation agree quite well with experimental data.
Polynomial dissipativity of proportional delayed BAM neural networks
Authors: Xing Lin , Zhou Liqun
Published: July 2020

This paper pays close attention to the global polynomial dissipativity (GPD) for proportional delayed BAM neural networks (PDBAMNNs). The global exponential dissipativity (GED) and the global dissipativity (GD) are also talked about. Under the help of novel Lyapunov functionals and a generalized Halanay inequality, a set of dissipative criteria for such systems are led out, together with the global polynomial attracting set (GPAS) and the global attracting set (GAS). Further, the relationship among GPD, GED and GD is unveiled. Finally, a proposed theoretical condition is validated through a simulation experiment.
On improving the construction of balanced incomplete block designs using planar near-rings
Authors: Ghachi Oualid El , Lakehal Abdelghni , Labani Nasser
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of planar near-rings (PNR) in the construction of balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD), then to give a new precise formula to blocks of this type of BIBD which enables us to generate useful matrices based on the incidence matrix. Moreover, we will improve the efficiency factor and determine the condition to produce a symmetric BIBD from a BIBD.
Development of the ground model for the Clay-with-flints Formation: adventures in geological boundaries
Authors: Lawrence U.
Published: July 2020

The Clay-with-flints Formation crops out on the high chalk plateaux in southern England. Changes in terminology are summarized and distinctions from adjacent similar deposits (e.g. Valley Gravel) are detailed. A threefold division of the transition zone between the two deposits is proposed based on degree of disturbance. Relationships with parent materials are discussed through structural and spatial relationships, as shown on published maps and in memoirs. Dominant pedological processes involved in the formation of the Clay-with-flints Formation from the Lambeth Group are described. A twofold division between the two is proposed based on physical changes. In addition to geological and pedological information, the deposit was studied through ground investigation data from 60 km of motorway network, which covers the variation in the Paleocene deposits (Lambeth Group facies (Reading Formation to Woolwich Formation) and the increasing presence of Thanet Sand Formation along the North Downs, east of approximately Leatherhead). The resulting ground model requires detailed knowledge of the microstructures of the chalk, the facies variation of Paleocene and Pliocene deposits, and temperate climate pedological processes in the vadose zone. Future work to study the engineering properties reflecting the variation of both the Paleocene facies and the development of the vadose zone is summarized.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Ground models in engineering geology and hydrogeology collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/Ground-models-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology
Cretaceous geology and tectonic assembly of Jamaica
Authors: Mitchell Simon F.
Published: July 2020

This paper provides new data on the Cretaceous geology together with existing data to define four terranes for the Cretaceous of Jamaica. The Northeast Blue Mountain Terrane (NEBMT) contains a shallow-water pile of Campanian basaltic and andesitic lavas interbedded with shallow-water, rudist-bearing limestones. The Southeast Blue Mountain Terrane (SEBMT) contains plume-related basalts attributed to the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) of Turonian–Coniacian age overlain by interbedded cherts, limestones and basalts with CLIP affinity of Coniacian–Campanian age; the overlying succession is provisionally attributed to the late Campanian to Maastrichtian. The Western Blue Mountain Terrane (WBMT) contains a suite of Campanian arc rocks intruded by granodiorites which have tectonic contacts with metamorphic rocks (high pressure–low temperate blueschists, amphibolites and greenschists). The Western Jamaica Terrane (WJT) contains a suite of volcanic arc rocks in the Valanginian–Hauterivian, Barremian, Turonian, Santonian to Campanian, and Maastrichtian to Paleocene. These rocks are interbedded with thick to very thick (up to several kilometres) sedimentary sequences which occur at outcrop and in hydrocarbon exploration wells. Three major unconformities are present in the WJT, at the bases of the Crofts Synthem (earliest Campanian), Kellits Synthem (late Campanian to early Maastrichtian) and Yellow Limestone (late Paleocene to early Eocene). The NEBMT and SEBMT are separated from the WBMT and WJT by a NE–SW, left-lateral transform fault that defined the edge of the Caribbean Plate from the early(?) Cretaceous to the mid Eocene and allowed the Cuban oceanic arc and eastern Jamaican terranes to be emplaced between the Americas. Metamorphism in the WBMT indicates the existence of a northeasterly dipping subduction zone which allowed the subduction of CLIP lithosphere in the Campanian. Rudist bivalves suggest an affinity between Jamaica and the Siuna (Chortis) and Guerrero (Mexico) terranes in the Lower Cretaceous, suggesting that these arcs were close together. Subsequently, the three unconformities record interactions between the Jamaican arc segment and the Chortis Block and finally the collision with the Jamaican arc segment with the Maya Block in the Paleocene. The petroleum geology of each Cretaceous terrane is reviewed in the context of source and reservoir rocks. Possible source rocks exist in the Jurassic under northern Jamaica, the Albian to Turonian interval, which is associated with oceanic anoxic events, and the Maastrichtian, which contains thin units of organic-rich shales. Reservoirs are largely confined to limestones which preserve porosity in the body chambers of rudist bivalves and which have also been locally dolomitized and fractured (increasing both porosity and permeability). Oil-associated gas seeps present at outcrop, and oil shows of Jurassic and Cretaceous age from exploration wells indicate the existence of active petroleum systems, but not necessarily of economic hydrocarbon accumulations.
Illite
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Ar dating of Eocene deformation in the Chiapas Fold and Thrust Belt, southern Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Vergara Rogelio , Fitz-Díaz Elisa , Brocard Gilles , Morán-Zenteno Dante Jaime
Published: July 2020

The Chiapas Fold and Thrust Belt (CFTB) of southern Mexico underwent widespread contraction during the well-documented middle Miocene ‘Chiapanecan’ Orogeny. However, earlier phases of folding have been documented in the region and might have affected the belt before the Miocene. We carried out a stratigraphic review and a structural analysis of the belt, complemented by
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Ar–
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Ar dating of synorogenic illite to identify the successive pulses of deformation. Reliable radiometric ages were obtained in three folds from the southern portion of the belt, and in one thrust gouge near the front of the belt. Authigenic illite-rich samples were located in Upper Cretaceous limestone successions that experienced bed-parallel shear during folding and thrusting. They yielded ages ranging from 35 to 40 Ma in the folds and 54.5 ± 7 Ma in the thrust, documenting thin-skinned folding and thrusting in the belt mostly in Eocene time. Some of the basement faults of the belt may have been active during this phase. However, most of the pervasive lateral faults that cross-cut the regional folds in the belt were mostly active from the Miocene onwards, causing transpression and fold amplification.
Women at the dawn of diamond discovery in Siberia or how two women discovered the Siberian diamond province
Authors: Kiseeva Ekaterina S. , Yuzmukhametov Rishat N.
Published: July 2020

Exploration for diamonds in the Soviet Union started in the 1940s; however, it was not until the beginning of 1950s that the government acknowledged a strong need for locally mined diamonds. In this paper, based on publications from Russian literature, we recount a story of two female geologists, Larisa Popugaeva and Natalia Sarsadskhih.

Natalia was the head of the mineralogical laboratory who implemented a new methodology to search for mineral indicators of primary diamond deposits. Larisa was a young geologist who joined Natalia's team in 1953.

The work of these women led to the discovery, in 1954, of the first diamond deposit in the country – the kimberlite pipe ‘Zarnitsa’. In 1954, Natalia was unable to go into the field and, therefore, the discovery was made by Larisa. Credit for this discovery, however, was claimed by the higher officials from the Amakinskaya expedition, one of the largest diamond exploration organizations in the country. Multiple efforts to restore justice did not succeed, with Larisa only being awarded the title of the ‘Discoverer’ in 1970 and Natalia not until 1990. This paper provides a description of Larisa's and Natalia's lives up until the discovery of Zarnitsa, and a few significant events after.
Application Domain-Based Overview of IoT Network Traffic Characteristics
Authors: Pekar Adrian , Mocnej Jozef , Seah Winston K. G. , Zolotova Iveta
Published: July 2020

Over the past decade, the Internet of Things (IoT) has advanced rapidly. New technologies have been proposed and existing approaches optimised to meet user, society and industry requirements. However, as the complexity and heterogeneity of the traffic that flows through the networks are continuously growing, the innovation becomes difficult to achieve in both IoT and legacy networks. This article provides an overview of IoT application domains from a traffic characteristics perspective. Specifically, it identifies several groups of major IoT application use cases and discusses the exhibited traffic characteristics, used network technologies for implementation, and their feasibility as well as challenges. We stress that a key factor in future IoT development is network technologies and the way they handle and forward network traffic. The traffic characteristics emerging from this work can serve as a basis for future design proposals to develop more efficient solutions and improve the network technologies.