bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total Hip Arthroplasty or Arthroscopy for Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Hip: A Retrospective Study with 3‐Year Follow‐Up at Minimum
Authors: Li Tao , Mei Lu , Xu Yang , Cao YuanYiNuo , Shi XiaoJun , Chen Gang , Li Jian
Published: April 2023

Objective

Pigment Villonodular synovitis of the hip, a rare pain proliferation of the synovium, was treated successfully with total hip arthroplasty and arthroscopy. Most recent results come from small case series with no study comparing arthroscopy and arthroplasty. In this study, we aimed to show and compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopy and total hip arthroplasty (THA) in pigment Villonodular synovitis of the hip.

Methods

This was a retrospective clinical trial with data from patients with pigment Villonodular synovitis of the hip between 2010 and 2019. The study included 17 patients in the THA group, and 20 patients in the arthroscopy group. The clinical outcomes were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months, at 1 and 2 years, and every 5 years afterward. The clinical efficacy was measured using the Harris hip scores (HHSs) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score.

Results

The mean HHS improved from 45.24 ± 10.36 to 78.94 ± 19.11 in the THA group (t = −6.394, P = 0.000) and 45.30 ± 11.08 to 71.60 ± 19.78 (t = −5.187, P = 0.000) in the arthroscopy group from pre‐operation to the final follow‐up. There is no significant difference between the two groups (t = 1.051, P = 0.301). The mean VAS improved from 3.65 ± 0.79 to 0.35 ± 0.70 (t = 12.890, P = 0.000) in the THA group and 4.05 ± 0.94 to 1.35 ± 1.79 (t = 5.979, P = 0.001) in the arthroscopy group postoperatively. There is no significant difference between the two groups (t = 1.329, P = 0.193). Recurrence of PVNS was diagnosed in four patients (20%) of the arthroscopy group and they underwent THA after arthroscopy, and the mean interval was 44.25 ± 6.98 months. All patients reached level 5 muscle strength by the final follow‐up. All the patients' buckling ranges were over 105 degrees. Their internal and external hip rotation was over 15 degrees. Their hip adduction was over 20 degrees, and abduction over 30 degrees.

Conclusion

Both THA and arthroscopy in the setting of PVNS can improve patients' function and lead to a low rate of local recurrence. By selecting patients well for each approach, one can expect a reasonable result.
Proceedings of the 10th Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) Annual Conference
Authors: Dykman Morgan , Coughlin Carrie , Cotton Colleen , Hawryluk Elena , Kirkorian A. Yasmine , Silverman Robert , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie , Yu Jiade , Fernández Faith Esteban , Siegel Michael , Arkin Lisa , Ramien Michele L.
Published: April 2023

The 10th Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) Annual Conference occurred November 3–5, 2022 in Bethesda, Maryland. This conference was the first in‐person PeDRA conference after 2 years of a virtual format due to COVID‐19. Fittingly, given the effects of the pandemic, the conference theme was “Reimagining Community.” The conference included presentations and panel sessions on finding individual and collective purpose, leveraging community in pursuit of a shared goal, and creating a community of resources in collaboration with NIH. The goal of this meeting was to connect clinicians, basic scientists, patients, patient advocates, and industry partners. The reimagined community of pediatric dermatology research is a synergistic space for all members to better understand, prevent, treat, and cure dermatologic diseases and conditions in children. This two‐and‐a‐half‐day conference with over 300 attendees featured educational seminars including a keynote address, didactic lecture and panel sessions, skill‐building workshops, 13 topic‐specific breakout sessions, and an interactive poster session where 108 active and finished research projects could be discussed.
The Interplay Between Explicit and Implicit Right‐Wing Populism in Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Maier Michaela , Gil‐López Teresa , Bromme Laurits , Zinkernagel Axel , Welzenbach‐Vogel Ines C. , Christner Clara , Adam Silke , Schmitt Manfred , Tillman Erik R.
Published: April 2023

We conceptualize and measure right‐wing populism (RWP) as a three‐dimensional concept, explicitly and implicitly, based on online surveys and implicit association tests (IATs) in Germany and Switzerland. Confirmatory factor analyses show that explicit populism, nativism, and authoritarianism establish the latent RWP‐construct and that they are each related to their respective implicit counterpart. However, RWP ideology does not exist as an equally robust construct in the implicit realm as it does in the explicit realm. Resulting implicit‐explicit incongruence is psychologically meaningful in that it is moderated by willingness to comply with perceived social norms: For participants who perceive that their own political views differ from their social environment and who conceal their diverging opinions, implicit attitudes differ more strongly from explicit attitudes. This supports our rationale that explicit expression of RWP‐ideology is subject to social‐compatibility concerns. Hence, corresponding implicit attitudes are useful to fully assess the RWP potential within society.
Field surveys indicate taxonomically diverse Pectobacterium species inducing soft rot of vegetables and annual crops in Iran
Authors: Parvin S. Mohammad Reza , Taghavi S. Mohsen , Osdaghi Ebrahim
Published: April 2023

Soft rot‐inducing bacterial pathogens are considered among the main biotic constraints on vegetables and annual crops. Most of the bacterial soft rot pathogens are members of Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya, with the former genus encompassing a continuously increasing number of species varying in geographic distribution and host of isolation. In Iran, Pectobacterium species have rarely been investigated using high‐throughput nucleotide sequence‐based techniques, leaving the genetic diversity of these pathogens mostly undetermined. During 2021, vegetables and annual crops with symptoms of soft rot and maceration were collected from Fars, Hamedan, Isfahan, Khuzestan and Kohgiluyeh‐Boyer‐Ahmad provinces of Iran. Forty‐four pectinolytic bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic tissues of bell pepper, cabbage, carrot, lettuce, potato and zucchini. The bacterial strains were subjected to pathogenicity and host range assays, specific PCR tests and phylogenetic analysis of three housekeeping genes (dnaX, gapA and leuS). All strains were pathogenic on their host of isolation. Among the 44 pectinolytic strains, 26 strains were identified as members of Pectobacterium based on PCR using the primer pair Y1/Y2. Multilocus sequence analysis confirmed the latter bacterial strains belonging to the genus Pectobacterium and revealed that the strains scattered into four species: P. brasiliense (five strains), P. carotovorum (eight strains), P. polaris (five strains) and P. versatile (eight strains). P. polaris and P. versatile have not previously been reported in the country. Host range assays showed that P. brasiliense and P. carotovorum have a broader host range than the other two species.
Dose–response relation between the duration of a cognitively challenging bout of physical exercise and children's cognition
Authors: Anzeneder Sofia , Zehnder Cäcilia , Schmid Jürg , Martin‐Niedecken Anna Lisa , Schmidt Mirko , Benzing Valentin
Published: April 2023

Acute bouts of physical exercise have the potential to benefit children's cognition. Inconsistent evidence calls for systematic investigations of dose–response relations between quantitative (intensity and duration) and qualitative (modality) exercise characteristics. Thus, in this study the optimal duration of an acute cognitively challenging physical exercise to benefit children's cognition was investigated, also exploring the moderating role of individual characteristics. In a within‐subject experimental design, 104 children (Mage = 11.5, SD = 0.8, 51% female) participated weekly in one of four exergaming conditions of different durations (5, 10, 15, 20 min) followed by an Attention Network task (ANT‐R). Exergame sessions were designed to keep physical intensity constant (65% HRmax) and to have a high cognitive challenge level (adapted to the individual ongoing performance). Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed a significant effect of exercise duration on reaction times (RTs; p = 0.009, ƞ2p = 0.11), but not on response accuracy. Post hoc analyses showed faster information processing speed after 15 min of exercise compared to 10 min (p = 0.019, ƞ2p = 0.09). Executive control, alerting and orienting performances and interactions were unaffected by exercise duration (ps > 0.05). Among individual characteristics, habitual physical activity moderated duration effects on RTs. For more active children, exercise duration influenced the interaction between executive control and orienting (p = 0.034; ƞ2p = 0.17) with best performances after the 15 min duration. Results suggest that an acute 15 min cognitively high‐challenging bout of physical exercise enhances allocable resources, which in turn facilitate information processing, and—for more active children only—also executive processes. Results are interpreted according to the arousal theory and cognitive stimulation hypothesis.
The journey of staying: A transitional and mobility perspective on the staying rural preferences of rural young adults
Authors: Hofstede Henk , Salemink Koen , Haartsen Tialda
Published: April 2023

This article presents insight into rural young adults’ reflections on their past, present and future staying rural preferences (transitional perspective) and how they relate to their experiences and connections outside the rural home area (mobility perspective). Using a biographical approach, we conducted 12 semi‐structured interviews with young employed adults living with their parents or alone in two rural areas in the Netherlands and Northern Ireland. Their transitional perspectives, which were agent‐centred, revealed that staying rural preferences do not evolve as a uniform process, fluctuating instead between ‘messy’ periods of stability and instability, entailing multiple alternations between deliberate and ‘just‐happened’ periods. In line with the ‘new mobilities paradigm’, the participants’ mobility perspectives confirmed the relevance of past residential experiences and current non‐residential mobility for analysing staying preferences. The article concludes that staying rural is a complex, (unstable) evolving, spatially relational and (only partly) conscious process.
Identification and characterization of the novel HLA‐B*39:189 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Nizamov Shamil , Ananeva Anastasiia , Andryushkina Anna V. , Shagimardanova Elena I.
Published: April 2023

The novel HLA‐B*39:189 allele was characterized using next generation sequencing technology.
Out of the ESCPE room: Emerging roles of endosomal SNX‐BARs in receptor transport and host–pathogen interaction
Authors: Simonetti Boris , Daly James L. , Cullen Peter J.
Published: April 2023

Several functions of the human cell, such as sensing nutrients, cell movement and interaction with the surrounding environment, depend on a myriad of transmembrane proteins and their associated proteins and lipids (collectively termed “cargoes”). To successfully perform their tasks, cargo must be sorted and delivered to the right place, at the right time, and in the right amount. To achieve this, eukaryotic cells have evolved a highly organized sorting platform, the endosomal network. Here, a variety of specialized multiprotein complexes sort cargo into itineraries leading to either their degradation or their recycling to various organelles for further rounds of reuse. A key sorting complex is the Endosomal SNX‐BAR Sorting Complex for Promoting Exit (ESCPE‐1) that promotes the recycling of an array of cargos to the plasma membrane and/or the trans‐Golgi network. ESCPE‐1 recognizes a hydrophobic‐based sorting motif in numerous cargoes and orchestrates their packaging into tubular carriers that pinch off from the endosome and travel to the target organelle. A wide range of pathogens mimic this sorting motif to hijack ESCPE‐1 transport to promote their invasion and survival within infected cells. In other instances, ESCPE‐1 exerts restrictive functions against pathogens by limiting their replication and infection. In this review, we discuss ESCPE‐1 assembly and functions, with a particular focus on recent advances in the understanding of its role in membrane trafficking, cellular homeostasis and host–pathogen interaction.
Negating the Galvin property
Authors: Benhamou Tom , Garti Shimon , Poveda Alejandro
Published: April 2023

We investigateGalvin's property, a striking feature of the filter of closed unbounded subsets of an infinite cardinal. In particular, we continue the work of Abraham and Shelah (J. Symbolic Logic51(1986), no. 1, 180–189) by developing new methods to handle singular cardinals. In addition, the paper explores some new strengthenings of Galvin's property and analyzes their connections with other classical properties of filters.
Integration questions in separably good characteristics
Authors: Jeannin Marion
Published: April 2023

Let $G$ be a reductive group over an algebraically closed field $k$ of separably good characteristic $p>0$ for $G$. Under these assumptions, a Springer isomorphism $\phi : \mathcal {N}_{\mathrm {red}}(\mathfrak {g}) \rightarrow \mathcal {V}_{\mathrm {red}}(G)$ from the nilpotent scheme of $\mathfrak {g}$ to the unipotent scheme of $G$ always exists and allows one to integrate any $p$-nilpotent element of $\mathfrak {g}$ into a unipotent element of $G$. One should wonder whether such a punctual integration can lead to an integration of restricted $p$-nil $p$-subalgebras of $\mathfrak {g}= \operatorname {Lie}(G)$. We provide a counter-example of the existence of such an integration in general, as well as criteria to integrate some restricted $p$-nil $p$-subalgebras of $\mathfrak {g}$ (that are maximal in a certain sense). This requires the generalisation of the notion of infinitesimal saturation first introduced by Deligne and the extension of one of his theorems on infinitesimally saturated subgroups of $G$ to the previously mentioned framework.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Groundwater Quality Parameters in the Bauru Aquifer System (São Paulo State, Brazil)
Authors: Lobo Isadora Vitali , Tercini Olavo Tozete , Di Lollo José Augusto , Lima César Gustavo da Rocha
Published: April 2023

Chemical substances can be harmful to humans when present in water at concentrations above the limits permitted by legislation. The present study analyzes the spatial-temporal variability of barium, chromium, nitrate and vanadium concentrations in groundwaters of the Bauru Aquifer System (BAS). For this purpose, triennial water-quality monitoring data (2016-2018) were acquired from CETESB (São Paulo Environmental Company). Descriptive statistical methods and geostatistical techniques (kriging) were applied. Results attest the spatial dependence of the water-quality parameters along time. Variograms indicate spatial determination coefficients (R²) between 0.435 and 0.961. The municipality of Presidente Prudente has the worst scenario, with estimates chromium and vanadium above the Maximum Allowed Values (MAV). The fact that most of licensed wells exploit water for urban supply makes the results worrying and shows up that public agencies must take some actions to decrease these concentrations.
QPEC: QGIS Toolkit for Evaluating Geospatial Data Positional Accuracy according to the Brazilian Cartographic Accuracy Standard
Authors: Elias Elias Nasr Naim , Giehl Samoel , Amorim Fabricio Rosa , Schmidt Marcio Augusto Reolon , Camboim Silvana Philippi , Fernandes Vivian De Oliveira
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the development of a QGIS plugin to support evaluating the planimetric positional quality for point and linear features based on the metrics established by Brazilian legislation. For this purpose, we used the QGIS environment Graphical Modeler, which consists of an interface to concatenate a series of processes into a single algorithm. The set of tools, called QPEC, allows for performing the statistical tests from the automatic identification of the sample size and discrepancies. In order to demonstrate  the implemented functionalities, a case study was carried out. In this illustrative example, the vector files from the Cartographic and Cadastral  System of the Municipality of Salvador - BA (SICAD) were the reference data, and their homologous OpenStreetMap (OSM) features were the analysed database. The results obtained are presented in the attributes table. In addition, the spatial distribution of the discrepancies is visualised through the visual variable colour value in a quartile classification. The creation of this toolset corroborates the feasibility of developing more visual, automated and complete interfaces to support users of geospatial data in analysing the quality of the information available, especially when it involves free applications with open-source code.
Atazanavir Resensitizes Candida auris to Azoles
Authors: Elgammal Yehia , Salama Ehab A. , Seleem Mohamed N.
Published: April 2023

Candida auris
represents an urgent health threat. Here, we identified atazanavir as a potent drug capable of resensitizing
C. auris
clinical isolates to the activity of azole antifungals.
Isotopic Signatures of Carbon Transfer in a Proterozoic Analogue Microbial Mat
Authors: Gonzalez-Nayeck Ana C. , Grim Sharon L. , Waldbauer Jacob , Dick Gregory J. , Pearson Ann
Published: April 2023

The δ
13
C compositions of heterotrophic microorganisms are dictated by the δ
13
C compositions of their organic carbon sources. In both modern and ancient photosynthetic microbial mats, photosynthetic exudates are the most likely source of organic carbon for heterotrophs.
Toxoplasma gondii
HOOK-FTS-HIP Complex is Critical for Secretory Organelle Discharge during Motility, Invasion, and Egress
Authors: Dubois David J. , Chehade Sylia , Marq Jean-Baptiste , Venugopal Kannan , Maco Bohumil , Puig Albert Tell I. , Soldati-Favre Dominique , Marion Sabrina
Published: April 2023

Toxoplasma gondii
affects between 30 and 80% of the human population, poses a life-threatening risk to immunocompromised individuals, and is a cause of abortion and birth defects following congenital transmission.
T. gondii
belongs to the phylum of Apicomplexa characterized by a set of unique apical secretory organelles called the micronemes and rhoptries. Upon host cell recognition, this obligatory intracellular parasite secretes specific effectors contained in micronemes and rhoptries to promote parasite invasion of host cells and subsequent persistence.
Biocompatible Microemulsions Based on Oleic Acid Modified with Piperidinium Surfactants
Authors: Mirgorodskaya A. B. , Kushnazarova R. A. , Lenina O. A. , Petrov K. A. , Zakharova L. Ya.
Published: April 2023

A series of microemulsions based on oleic acid and Tween 80, modified with piperidinium surfactants, have been obtained and characterized. The effect of additives on the size, stability, and solubilization effect of the formed systems with respect to hydrophilic (rhodamine B) and hydrophobic (indomethacin) substances have been investigated. Varying of the components ratio has allowed preparation of the microemulsions with strongly different viscosity: from easy-flowing formulations to gels. Kinetic parameters describing release of the substrates from the microemulsions have been obtained. In vivo tests of the anti-inflammatory action of the microemulsions loaded with indomethacin have shown that the presence of piperidinium surfactants enhances the therapeutic effect of the drug.
National priority setting partnership using a Delphi consensus process to develop neonatal research questions suitable for practice-changing randomised trials in the UK
Authors: Evans Katie , Battersby Cheryl , Boardman James P , Boyle Elaine , Carroll Will , Dinwiddy Kate , Dorling Jon , Gallagher Katie , Hardy Pollyanna , Johnston Emma , Mactier Helen , Marcroft Claire , Webbe James William Harrison , Gale Chris
Published: April 2023

Background

The provision of neonatal care is variable and commonly lacks adequate evidence base; strategic development of methodologically robust clinical trials is needed to improve outcomes and maximise research resources. Historically, neonatal research topics have been selected by researchers; prioritisation processes involving wider stakeholder groups have generally identified research themes rather than specific questions amenable to interventional trials.

Objective

To involve stakeholders including parents, healthcare professionals and researchers to identify and prioritise research questions suitable for answering in neonatal interventional trials in the UK.

Design

Research questions were submitted by stakeholders in population, intervention, comparison, outcome format through an online platform. Questions were reviewed by a representative steering group; duplicates and previously answered questions were removed. Eligible questions were entered into a three-round online Delphi survey for prioritisation by all stakeholder groups.

Participants

One hundred and eight respondents submitted research questions for consideration; 144 participants completed round one of the Delphi survey, 106 completed all three rounds.

Results

Two hundred and sixty-five research questions were submitted and after steering group review, 186 entered into the Delphi survey. The top five ranked research questions related to breast milk fortification, intact cord resuscitation, timing of surgical intervention in necrotising enterocolitis, therapeutic hypothermia for mild hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and non-invasive respiratory support.

Conclusions

We have identified and prioritised research questions suitable for practice-changing interventional trials in neonatal medicine in the UK at the present time. Trials targeting these uncertainties have potential to reduce research waste and improve neonatal care.
Preschoolers’ screen time in China before and during COVID-19 lockdown: a parental survey
Authors: Li Ping , Wu Tian , Yang Fan , Luo Hong , Jiang Decheng , Mu Yi , Xiong Tao
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Since COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the disease has spread rapidly across the country. To reduce the spread of infection, schools including kindergartens were closed. Prolonged home confinement can affect children’s behaviour. Therefore, we investigated the change of preschoolers’ total daily screen time during the COVID-19 lockdown in China.

Design, setting and participants

In the parental survey, 1121 preschoolers, whose parents or grandparents completed an online survey from 1 June 2020 to 5 June 2020, were enrolled.

Primary outcome

Total daily screen time. Multivariable modelling was performed to identify factors associated with increased screen time.

Results

The results showed that preschoolers’ total daily screen time during lockdown(median 2.5 hours, IQR 2.5 hours) was significantly longer than it was before lockdown (median 1.5 hours, IQR 1.0 hour). Older age (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.48), higher annual household income (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34),and decrease of moderate-vigorous physical activity (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.66) were independently associated with increased screen time.

Conclusions

Preschoolers’ total daily screen time significantly increased during lockdown.
Feasibility of linking violent death decedents to prior-month emergency department visits in North Carolina, 2019–2020
Authors: Neuroth Lucas M , Johnson Lois C , Fliss Mike Dolan , Waller Anna E , Harmon Katherine J
Published: April 2023

Objective

Linking data between violent death decedents and other sources can provide valuable insight, highlighting opportunities for prevention of violent injury. This study investigated the feasibility of linking North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System (NC-VDRS) records with North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (NC DETECT) emergency department (ED) visit data to identify prior-month ED visits among this population.

Methods

NC-VDRS death records from 2019 through 2020 were linked to NC DETECT ED visit data from December 2018 through 2020 using a probabilistic linkage approach. Linkage variables included date of birth, age, sex, zip code and county of residence, date of event (death/ED visit) and mechanism of injury. Potential linkable ED visits were filtered to those occurring in the month prior to death and manually reviewed for validity. Linked records were compared with the NC-VDRS study population to assess linkage performance and generalisability.

Results

Among the 4768 violent deaths identified, we linked 1340 NC-VDRS records to at least one ED visit in the month prior to death. A higher proportion of decedents dying in medical facilities (ED/outpatient, hospital inpatient, hospice or nursing/long-term care facility) linked to a prior-month visit (80%) relative to those dying in other locations (12%). When stratified by place of death, linked decedents demographically resembled the overall NC-VDRS study population.

Conclusions

Though resource intensive, an NC-VDRS-to-NC DETECT linkage was successful in identifying prior-month ED visits among violent death decedents. This linkage should be leveraged to further analyse ED utilisation prior to violent death, expanding the knowledge base surrounding prevention opportunities for violent injuries.
Comparative analysis of anchor cables in pullout tests using distributed fiber optic sensors
Authors: Chen Weibin , Hong Chengyu , Chen Xiangsheng , Luo Guangbin , Su Dong
Published: April 2023

The interaction mechanism between grouted anchor cables and the surrounding rock mass or soil are complicated and difficult to investigate using conventional monitoring technologies. This study focuses on the in-situ pullout behavior of grouted anchor cables using Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis technique. A series of pullout tests were conducted on anchor cables with five different anchor lengths and three grouting methods. Distributed fiber optic sensors were used to measure the strain distribution of cable bolts from tip to top. The in-situ pullout test results show that both ultimate pullout resistance and ultimate displacement at the ultimate pullout resistance increase with anchor length. The bond strength suffers a slight variation with an increase in anchor length. Both ultimate pullout resistance and the ultimate displacement for Type-B grouting (grouting with reaming) and Type-C grouting (secondary grouting) are larger than those for Type-A grouting (one-time grouting). The shear bond strength of Type-C grouting is greater than that of Type-A grouting. Results from Gaussian functions analysis show that it is feasible to use the function to characterize the axial stress of anchor cables. Furthermore, the overall mobilized percentage η was evaluated. The anchor cables with smaller anchor lengths will result in greater η. The η for the anchor cables of 6 m reaches 92% at the last load, whereas the anchor cables of 18 m were mobilized by only 29% at the last load. The grouting method has a negligible effect on the η, increasing from 22% to 29% in process of the pullout test.
Modelling transit and automobile trip-generation propensities of post-secondary students in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton area: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Siddiqui Abdul Basith , Allen Jeff , Hossein Sanjana , Weiss Adam
Published: April 2023

The post-secondary students in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) maintain a constant source of demand and ridership for the region’s transit infrastructure. With the province investing billions of dollars to meet the transit needs of the residents of the GTHA, a comprehensive analysis establishing the correlation between transit and automobile trips and the factors that influence the trip generation for these modes and this subpopulation is warranted. Using data from 2015 and 2019, a cross-sectional study to gain behavioural insights into travel by post-secondary students is performed. Using a bivariate ordered probit approach, the effect of land-use attributes and socio-demographics on the propensities of making transit and automobile trips is determined, followed by a marginal effects analysis. The results indicate that the propensity of making transit and automobile trips decreases if the commute distance to campus is below 5 km, and improvement in areas with low transit accessibility can considerably increase the transit trip-making propensity.
Cytogenetic characterization and karyotype evolution in six Macroptilium species (Leguminosae)
Authors: de Barros Daniela , Montenegro Claudio , Gomes Michelle , Ferraz Maria Eduarda , Miotto Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia , Pedrosa-Harand Andrea
Published: April 2023

Macroptilium (Benth.) Urb. is a neotropical legume genus from the subtribe Phaseolinae. The investigated species present a stable chromosome number (2 n = 22), but differ in their karyotype formulae, suggesting the presence of chromosome rearrangements. In this work, we comparatively analysed the karyotypes of six species ( Macroptilium atropurpureum, Macroptilium bracteatum, Macroptilium erythroloma, Macroptilium gracile, Macroptilium lathyroides, and Macroptilium martii) from the two main clades that form the genus. Heterochromatin distribution was investigated with chromomycin A3 (CMA)/4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to localize the 5S and 35S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites. Single copy bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) previously mapped in the related genera Phaseolus L. and Vigna Savi were used to establish chromosome orthologies and to investigate possible rearrangements among species. CMA+/DAPI− bands were observed, mostly associated with rDNA sites. Additional weak, pericentromeric bands were observed on several chromosomes. Although karyotypes were similar, species could be differentiated mainly by the number and position of the 5S and 35S rDNA sites. BAC markers demonstrated conserved synteny of the main rDNA sites on orthologous chromosomes 6 and 10, as previously observed for Phaseolus and Vigna. The karyotypes of the six species could be differentiated, shedding light on its karyotype evolution.
Search for low mass dark matter in DarkSide-50: the bayesian network approach
Authors: Agnes P. , Albuquerque I. F. M. , Alexander T. , Alton A. K. , Ave M. , Back H. O. , Batignani G. , Biery K. , Bocci V. , Bonivento W. M. , Bottino B. , Bussino S. , Cadeddu M. , Cadoni M. , Calaprice F. , Caminata A. , Campos M. D. , Canci N. , Caravati M. , Cargioli N. , Cariello M. , Carlini M. , Cataudella V. , Cavalcante P. , Cavuoti S. , Chashin S. , Chepurnov A. , Cicalò C. , Covone G. , D’Angelo D. , Davini S. , De Candia A. , De Cecco S. , De Filippis G. , De Rosa G. , Derbin A. V. , Devoto A. , D’Incecco M. , Dionisi C. , Dordei F. , Downing M. , D’Urso D. , Fairbairn M. , Fiorillo G. , Franco D. , Gabriele F. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Giganti C. , Giovanetti G. K. , Goretti A. M. , Grilli di Cortona G. , Grobov A. , Gromov M. , Guan M. , Gulino M. , Hackett B. R. , Herner K. , Hessel T. , Hosseini B. , Hubaut F. , Hungerford E. V. , Ianni An. , Ippolito V. , Keeter K. , Kendziora C. L. , Kimura M. , Kochanek I. , Korablev D. , Korga G. , Kubankin A. , Kuss M. , La Commara M. , Lai M. , Li X. , Lissia M. , Longo G. , Lychagina O. , Machulin I. N. , Mapelli L. P. , Mari S. M. , Maricic J. , Messina A. , Milincic R. , Monroe J. , Morrocchi M. , Mougeot X. , Muratova V. N. , Musico P. , Nozdrina A. O. , Oleinik A. , Ortica F. , Pagani L. , Pallavicini M. , Pandola L. , Pantic E. , Paoloni E. , Pelczar K. , Pelliccia N. , Piacentini S. , Pocar A. , Poehlmann D. M. , Pordes S. , Poudel S. S. , Pralavorio P. , Price D. D. , Ragusa F. , Razeti M. , Razeto A. , Renshaw A. L. , Rescigno M. , Rode J. , Romani A. , Sablone D. , Samoylov O. , Sandford E. , Sands W. , Sanfilippo S. , Savarese C. , Schlitzer B. , Semenov D. A. , Shchagin A. , Sheshukov A. , Skorokhvatov M. D. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Stracka S. , Suvorov Y. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Tonazzo A. , Unzhakov E. V. , Vishneva A. , Vogelaar R. B. , Wada M. , Wang H. , Wang Y. , Westerdale S. , Wojcik M. M. , Xiao X. , Yang C. , Zuzel G. ,   DarkSide-50 Collaboration
Published: April 2023

We present a novel approach for the search of dark matter in the DarkSide-50 experiment, relying on Bayesian Networks. This method incorporates the detector response model into the likelihood function, explicitly maintaining the connection with the quantity of interest. No assumptions about the linearity of the problem or the shape of the probability distribution functions are required, and there is no need to morph signal and background spectra as a function of nuisance parameters. By expressing the problem in terms of Bayesian Networks, we have developed an inference algorithm based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo to calculate the posterior probability. A clever description of the detector response model in terms of parametric matrices allows us to study the impact of systematic variations of any parameter on the final results. Our approach not only provides the desired information on the parameter of interest, but also potential constraints on the response model. Our results are consistent with recent published analyses and further refine the parameters of the detector response model.
Toward XUV frequency comb spectroscopy of the 1 S–2 S transition in $$\hbox {He}^+$$
Authors: Moreno Jorge , Schmid Fabian , Weitenberg Johannes , Karshenboim Savely G. , Hänsch Theodor W. , Udem Thomas , Ozawa Akira
Published: April 2023

The energy levels of hydrogen-like atoms and ions are accurately described by bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED). $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

ions have a doubly charged nucleus, which enhances the higher-order QED contributions and makes them interesting for precise tests of QED. Systematic effects that currently dominate the uncertainty in hydrogen spectroscopy, such as the second-order Doppler shift and time-of-flight broadening, are largely suppressed by performing spectroscopy on trapped and cooled $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

ions. Measuring a transition in $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

will extend the test of QED beyond the long-studied hydrogen. In this article, we describe our progress toward precision spectroscopy of the 1 S–2 S two-photon transition in $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

. The transition can be excited by radiation at a wavelength of 60.8 nm generated by a high-power infrared frequency comb using high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

ions are trapped in a Paul trap and sympathetically cooled with laser-cooled $$\hbox {Be}^{+}$$

Be
+

ions. Our recently developed signal detection scheme based on secular-scan spectrometry is capable of detecting $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$

He
+

excitation with single-event sensitivity.

Graphic abstract
Constraining the Triassic–Jurassic boundary carbon cycle perturbations using high-resolution δ
13
C
org
records from the Haojiagou section in northwestern China
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin
Published: April 2023

Large magnitude and rapid negative carbon isotope (δ
13
C) excursions in the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (TJB) interval have been proposed as critical evidence for the hypothesis that the emplacement of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) triggered global carbon cycle perturbations and the end-Triassic mass extinction (ETE). However, the pattern and timing of δ
13
C variations during the ETE remain poorly constrained. Here I present high-resolution organic carbon isotope (δ
13
C
org
) records from a terrestrial TJB succession continuously exposed along the Haojiagou valley on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China. The δ
13
C chemostratigraphic correlations, combined with the palynological data, indicate that the position of the TJB should be placed at the base of bed 53. Importantly, the results show that two rapid negative carbon isotope excursions at the end Triassic roughly coincide with two episodes of variations in the palynological records. This observation supports the hypothesis that two pulses of biotic crisis during the ETE may have been triggered by two major episodes of CAMP magmatic activity. In addition, the data in this study support an early start for CAMP magmatic activity in the early Rhaetian, which may have led to a global carbon cycle perturbation and the related biotic crisis or turnover.
DatAFLow
: Toward a Data-flow-guided Fuzzer
Authors: Herrera Adrian , Payer Mathias , Hosking Antony L.
Published: April 2023

This Replicating Computational Report (RCR) describes (a) our
datAFLow
fuzzer and (b) how to replicate the results in “
datAFLow
: Toward a Data-Flow-Guided Fuzzer.” Our primary artifact is the
datAFLow
fuzzer. Unlike traditional coverage-guided greybox fuzzers—which use
control-flow
coverage to drive program exploration—
datAFLow
uses
data-flow
coverage to drive exploration. This is achieved through a set of LLVM-based analyses and transformations. In addition to
datAFLow
, we also provide a set of tools, scripts, and patches for (a) statically analyzing data flows in a target program, (b) compiling a target program with the
datAFLow
instrumentation, (c) evaluating
datAFLow
on the Magma benchmark suite, and (d) evaluating
datAFLow
on the
DDFuzz
dataset.
datAFLow
is available at https://github.com/HexHive/datAFLow.
(Re)Connecting History to the Theory and Praxis of HCI
Authors: Bødker Susanne , Fox Sarah , Lalone Nicolas , Marathe Megh , Soden Robert
Published: April 2023

This special issue builds on and expands HCI’s engagement with historical approaches, questioning our field’s ontological orientations and offering new methods for examining the past. The set of articles featured reinvigorates questions on whose technological labor matters, how we might challenge the racist and misogynistic consequences of HCI’s inter-disciplinary inheritances, and offer new modes of liberatory world-making. Taken together, this collection serves as an act of reclamation of the lineage of our field, providing resources and guidance for a more just present and future.
NAPOLY: A Non-deterministic Automata Processor OverLaY
Authors: Karakchi Rasha , Bakos Jason D.
Published: April 2023

Deterministic and Non-deterministic Finite Automata (DFA and NFA) comprise the core of many big data applications. Recent efforts to develop Domain-Specific Architectures (DSAs) for DFA/NFA have taken divergent approaches, but achieving consistent throughput for arbitrarily-large pattern sets, state activation rates, and pattern match rates remains a challenge. In this article, we present NAPOLY (Non-Deterministic Automata Processor OverLaY), an FPGA overlay and associated compiler. A common limitation of prior efforts is a limit on NFA size for achieving the advertised throughput. NAPOLY is optimized for fast re-programming to permit practical time-division multiplexing of the hardware and permit high asymptotic throughput for NFAs of unlimited size, unlimited state activation rate, and high pattern reporting rate. NAPOLY also allows for offline generation of configurations having tradeoffs between state capacity and transition capacity. In this article, we (1) evaluate NAPOLY using benchmarks packaged in the ANMLZoo benchmark suite, (2) evaluate the use of an SAT solver for allocating physical resources, and (3) compare NAPOLY’s performance against existing solutions. NAPOLY performs most favorably on larger benchmarks, benchmarks with higher state activation frequency, and benchmarks with higher reporting frequency. NAPOLY outperforms the fastest of the CPU and GPU implementations in 10 out of 12 benchmarks.
JavaScript SBST Heuristics to Enable Effective Fuzzing of NodeJS Web APIs
Authors: Zhang Man , Belhadi Asma , Arcuri Andrea
Published: April 2023

JavaScript is one of the most popular programming languages. However, its dynamic nature poses several challenges to automated testing techniques. In this paper, we propose an approach and open-source tool support to enable white-box testing of JavaScript applications using
Search-Based Software Testing (SBST)
techniques. We provide an automated approach to collect search-based heuristics like the common
Branch Distance
and to enable
Testability Transformations
. To empirically evaluate our results, we integrated our technique into the
EvoMaster
test generation tool, and carried out analyses on the automated
system testing
of RESTful and GraphQL APIs. Experiments on eight Web APIs running on NodeJS show that our technique leads to significantly better results than existing black-box and grey-box testing tools, in terms of code coverage and fault detection.
Predicting the Change Impact of Resolving Defects by Leveraging the Topics of Issue Reports in Open Source Software Systems
Authors: Assi Maram , Hassan Safwat , Georgiou Stefanos , Zou Ying
Published: April 2023

Upon receiving a new issue report, practitioners start by investigating the defect type, the potential fixing effort needed to resolve the defect and the change impact. Moreover, issue reports contain valuable information, such as, the title, description and severity, and researchers leverage the topics of issue reports as a collective metric portraying similar characteristics of a defect. Nonetheless, none of the existing studies leverage the defect topic, i.e., a semantic cluster of defects of the same nature, such as
Performance, GUI, and Database
, to estimate the change impact that represents the amount of change needed in terms of code churn and the number of files changed. To this end, in this article, we conduct an empirical study on 298,548 issue reports belonging to three large-scale open-source systems, i.e., Mozilla, Apache, and Eclipse, to estimate the change impact in terms of code churn or the number of files changed while leveraging the topics of issue reports. First, we adopt the Embedded Topic Model (ETM), a state-of-the-art topic modelling algorithm, to identify the topics. Second, we investigate the feasibility of predicting the change impact using the identified topics and other information extracted from the issue reports by building eight prediction models that classify issue reports requiring small or large change impact along two dimensions, i.e., the code churn size and the number of files changed. Our results suggest that XGBoost is the best-performing algorithm for predicting the change impact, with an AUC of 0.84, 0.76, and 0.73 for the code churn and 0.82, 0.71, and 0.73 for the number of files changed metric for Mozilla, Apache, and Eclipse, respectively. Our results also demonstrate that the topics of issue reports improve the recall of the prediction model by up to 45%.
Multi-User Room-Scale Respiration Tracking Using COTS Acoustic Devices
Authors: Wan Haoran , Shi Shuyu , Cao Wenyu , Wang Wei , Chen Guihai
Published: April 2023

Continuous domestic respiration monitoring provides vital information for diagnosing assorted diseases. In this article, we introduce
RespTracker
, the first continuous, multiple-person respiration tracking system in domestic settings using acoustic-based COTS devices.
RespTracker
uses a multi-stage algorithm to separate and recombine respiration signals from multiple paths so that it can track the respiration rate of multiple moving subjects. And it leverages features from multiple dimensions to separate different users in the same area. Our experimental results show that our two-stage algorithm can distinguish the respiration of at least four subjects and cover a distance of three meters.
Nanoscopic Silicon Oxide Overlayers Improve the Performance of Ruthenium Oxide Electrocatalysts Toward the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Baxter Amanda F. , Abed Jehad , Fraga Alvarez Daniela V. , Zhou Daojin , Kuvar Dhruti , Sargent Edward H. , Esposito Daniel V.
Published: April 2023

RuO2 is a highly active electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but is unstable in acidic environments. Herein we investigate the encapsulation of RuO2 nanoparticles with semipermeable, nanoscopic silicon oxide (SiOx) overlayers as a strategy to improve their stability. SiOx encapsulated RuO2 (SiOx|RuO2) electrodes were prepared by drop-casting RuO2 nanoparticles onto glassy carbon substrates followed by deposition of SiOx overlayers of varying thickness by a room temperature photochemical deposition process. The best-performing SiOx|RuO2 electrodes consisted of 2–3 nm thick SiOx overlayers on top of RuO2 particles and 3–7 nm thick SiOx on the glassy carbon substrate. Such electrodes exhibited lower overpotentials relative to bare RuO2 due to an improved electrochemically active surface area while also demonstrating an ability to retain OER activity over time, especially at higher overpotentials. Surprisingly, it was found that the SiOx coating was unable to prevent Ru dissolution, which was found to be proportional to the charge passed and independent of the presence or thickness of the SiOx coating. Thus, other possible explanations for the improved current retention of SiOx|RuO2 electrodes are discussed, including the influences of the overlayer on bubble dynamics and the stability of the underlying glassy carbon substrate.
Morroniside Ameliorates Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis by Regulating the M1/M2 Polarization Balance of Macrophages
Authors: Li Wenjie , Liu Lin , Zhang Ziwei , Lu Hong
Published: April 2023

Background. Inflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various ocular diseases. Uveitis is a condition characterized by the inflammation of the uvea and ocular tissues that causes extreme pain, decreases visual acuity, and may eventually lead to blindness. The pharmacological functions of morroniside, isolated from Cornus officinalis, are multifarious. Morroniside exerts various therapeutic effects, e.g., it ameliorates inflammation. However, the specific anti-inflammatory effect of morroniside on lipopolysaccharide-induced uveitis has not been reported widely. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of morroniside on uveitis in mice. Methods. An endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) mouse model was constructed and treated with morroniside. The inflammatory response was observed using slit lamp microscopy, and histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin–eosin staining. The cell count in the aqueous humor was measured using a hemocytometer. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the ciliary body and retina were measured using ELISA kits. The expression of iNOS and Arg-1 in the ciliary body and retina was measured by immunofluorescence costaining, and western blotting was performed to measure the protein expression of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in the ciliary body and retina. Results. Morroniside effectively ameliorated the inflammatory response in EIU mice. Furthermore, morroniside significantly reduced the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the ciliary body and retina. Morroniside treatment significantly reduced the expression of iNOS in the ciliary body and retinal tissues. It also significantly inhibited p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 expression and promoted Arg-1 expression. In addition, morroniside boosted the effect of JAK inhibitors on the above indices. Conclusions. Collectively, these findings suggest that morroniside may protect against LPS-induced inflammation in uveitis by promoting M2 polarization through the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway.