bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La universidad desde la teoría de los sistemas sociales
Authors: Paulus Nelson
Published: August 2018

Based on the Theory of Social Systems developed by the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann, the article characterizes universities as organizational systems, describing the major elements that stem from such formulation, and outlines its systemic understanding. We intend to show that, for the purposes of observing universities within the society of knowledge, the theory of autopoietic social systems â€“in addition to being feasibleâ€“ is worthy of consideration, at least in the implications of some of its conceptual elements.
Diversidad y educación superior: algunas reflexiones iniciales.
Authors: Sebastián Christian , Scharager Judith
Published: August 2018

The paper explores some concepts on the study of diversity in higher education. It describes the double challenge that diversity poses for higher education: as a problem and as an opportunity. The paper describes four levels of analysis to specify study units on diversity by articulating them with aspects in which diversity is present. In addition, it proposes a scheme that synthesizes this approach. Finally, the paper discusses the links between this issue and identity
Caracterización socioeconómica de los estudiantes de educación superior.
Authors: Donoso Sebastián , Cancino Victor
Published: August 2018

Chilean higher education has experienced major changes thanks to the new regulatory framework introduced 25 years ago. One of the most noteworthy changes is the strong growth in enrollment. In the past decade, enrollment increased at a real rate of 6 percent per year. Higher education has progressed unevenly in terms of its development, depending on the type of institution involved: vocational institutes, community colleges and universities (both public and private). Little is known about the socioeconomic features of these new students. While they are mainly from non-poor sectors (92%), differences due to gender, levels of poverty, work and study conditions are still evident. Consequently, in order to increase efficiency, new policies to support students and institutional development should take these features into account.
Impacto del proceso de acreditación de carreras en el mejoramiento de la gestión académica
Authors: Navarro Gabriela
Published: August 2018

This is a report on a qualitative research study conducted in the period 2006 -2007 on the impact of accreditation and self-evaluation processes on improved academic management. In particular, it describes the development or enhancement of the culture of self-regulation. The results of the study suggest that, to date, the accreditation of study plans imposes a compliance rationale required by the central organization and observed by academic units. In spite of the fact that this rationale involves developing new competencies, it does not guarantee organizational learning nor the continued improvement of management practices nor their ensuing impact on the improvement of the quality of the education provided.
Sistema de créditos transferibles y carga de trabajo de los estudiantes del Consejo de Rectores
Authors: Mujica Carlos , Prieto Juan Pablo
Published: August 2018

On the one hand, the paper describes and analyzes the results of the first nation-wide measurement of student academic workload at universities that are part of the Council of Chilean University Presidents (CRUCH), based on a select sample of academic programs. On the other hand, the paper describes the Transferable Credit System (known as SCT in Chile) established by CRUCH in late August 2006.
Apoyo académico en la educación superior: descripción de la experiencia y perfil de los alumnos que participan en el CARA UC
Authors: Susperreguy María Inés , Flores Alejandra , Micin Sonia , Zuzulich María Soledad
Published: August 2018

The paper reports on the work carried out by the Center to Support Academic Performance (CARA UC). The Center was created for students of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile as an academic intervention alternative. The paper also describes the main features characterizing the population of students who used the service of their own accord in 2005 and 2006. Data show that the Center addresses a real need for academic support among students. Furthermore, it has become a space for the general integration and orientation of the students' university experience. This initiative can be said to respond to the challenge of developing and improving strategies and abilities needed for academic success in higher education.
Mirando entre los intersticios de la brecha digital en educación superior.
Authors: Roco Rodrigo
Published: August 2018

The paper is based on a sample of 719 University of Chile students taken in 2004. It analyzes the differences between material cultural capital and incorporated capital in connection with access to and use of new information and communication technologies (NICTs). Using different methods of quantitative analysis, different levels in the digital divide regarding these tools become apparent. The digital divide appears to be especially linked to gender but also to socioeconomic status. The latter variable, despite its presence, has a more indirect effect and does not appear to influence the attitude and mind-set of students regarding the use of NICTs. Results indicate that further study about gender differences is needed and that they are also necessary to determine the responsibility of universities and their approach to this matter.
Historia y perspectivas acerca de la educación técnica de nivel superior.
Authors: Dittborn Cordua Paulina
Published: August 2018

This paper briefly describes the history of technical education in Chile. It shows how it passed from elementary education to higher education, in close connection with the labor world. Up until recently, technical education was limited almost exclusively to the production of goods while at present it is increasingly linked to information technologies and the teaching of skills such as team work, resource and personnel management, verbal communication skills and learning English. The paper describes the current status of higher level technical education in Chile and discusses its prospects.
Planeación estratégica en universidades del Consejo de Rectores: evidencias del período 2000-2005
Authors: Cáceres Carlos
Published: August 2018

Este artículo revisa las prácticas de planeación estratégica entre 2000 y 2005 en ocho universidades del Consejo de Rectores, con diferentes sistemas de gobiernos, régimen de propiedad y orientación de proyectos educativos. La investigación evidencia la motivación de las universidades por incursionar en procesos de planeación estratégica y uso de instrumental de gestión desarrollado en el mundo de la administración de empresas. Sin embargo, el análisis exhaustivo de las diferentes etapas de planeación estratégica muestra debilidades en la implementación, monitoreo y retroalimentación.
Educación Superior en Iberoamérica. Informe 2007. CINDA
Authors: Lemaitre María José
Published: August 2018

El Centro Interuniversitario de Desarrollo (CINDA) llevó a cabo un proyecto destinado a analizar los principales aspectos de la educación superior en Iberoamérica. Dirigido por Iván Lavados y coordinado por José Joaquín Brunner, el proyecto se recoge en un completo informe, publicado en 2007, que pretende contribuir al diálogo, al análisis y la proyección del espacio iberoamericano de educación superior, a partir de quince estudios nacionales1 referidos a los siguientes temas: â€¢ Los desafíos de la educación superior en el espacio iberoamericano. â€¢ La plataforma institucional de los sistemas. â€¢ El acceso y las oportunidades que ofrece la educación superior. â€¢ La formación del capital humano avanzado. â€¢ El rol de la universidad en las actividades de investigación y desarrollo. â€¢ El financiamiento de la educación superior. â€¢ El gobierno y la gestión de los sistemas e instituciones. â€¢ El aseguramiento de la calidad en el ámbito de la educación superior.
Sobre académicos, academia y universidad. Necesidad de una clarificación.
Authors: Lolas Fernando
Published: August 2018

This story discusses activities carried out by people working in universities, starting from an historical context determined by the foundation of Berlin University in 1810 and heterogeneity of roles coexisting in universities labor, intermediate between school and academia. In history, social processes related to knowledge have implied these three institutions. Historical analysis of the Chilean case shows that university institutions have experienced diverse ways of institutional development, from one fully academic to one related completely to schools. Currently, any analysis context allows heterogeneity of tasks and functions that make the role of people working in universities more complex. The story shows objections about the use of the term "academicâ€ to refer to teachers and researchers and suggests a clarification of the different, and sometimes contradictory, demands university institution makes to its members, illustrated by the Chilean case.
Compromisos de desempeño, incentivos y evaluación del trabajo académico en universidades chilenas.
Authors: Fernández Enrique
Published: August 2018

This story addresses performance commitments, incentives and evaluation of the academic work from Chilean universities experience. Due to the strategic planning processes developed in recent years, these instruments and procedures become increasingly significant to institutional management. However, their implementation is just beginning as well as the empirical evidence on their outcomes. For that reason, the article addresses this topic mainly from a conceptual point of view, but in some cases, it submits models and formulas from some universities. The more relevant findings are those related to implementation of these instruments and procedures, which can only be achieved if they are done in a regular way, with low arithmetical complexity and consensus between management teams and the academia.
Constitución de un sindicato de docentes en una institución de educación superior.
Authors: Méndez Marcela
Published: August 2018

In the past years, academics from Austral University of Chile felt impairment in the relationship they had with authorities. That impairment was so severe that when the Union Association called them to submit demands before authorities, they rejected to participate for they considered it was a waste of time. This fact caused the Board of the association proposed them to form a union. This work describes the experience of forming a union conformed only by teachers in a Chilean university, the process needed to materialize it and its outcomes.
Los desafíos de los posgrados en ciencias sociales en Chile
Authors: Matus Teresa , Mascareño Aldo , Kaulino Adriano
Published: August 2018

This story describes a research thesis determining that the different layers of the world society become benchmarks for counseling in social sciences post grade education in Chile. Territorial and regional levels guide post grade education towards fields of thematic nature while supranational level is initially present in the development of disciplinary nature post grades with a clear interest in scientific research and methods and theories of those knowledge bodies. In this science area, characterization of post grades in Chile can be understood through a permanent thematicprofessional/disciplinary distinction and the diverse emphasis it gives to specific study programs and training. In this sense, challenges on how to encourage post grades are related to debates between Humbolt School and Napoleonic formation. The solution of this dilemma is critical for the future of social sciences in Chile.
Educación superior y mundo del trabajo: horizontes de indagación.
Authors: Brunner José Joaquín
Published: August 2018

Tertiary education around the world faces a set of new circumstances in the social organization of work and the emergent postmodern cultures since its massiveness, differentiation and diversification. Under these circumstances, current questions formulated to higher education institutions on their relationship to labor markets are at risk of becoming obsolete and, in turn, need to be questioned. Labor relevance and curricula based on competences do not exhaust the meaning of higher education. Universities can not be blindly adapted to the changing dynamics of labor markets.
Determinantes de desempeño universitario: ¿importa la habilidad relativa?
Authors: Contreras Dante , Gallegos Sebastián , Meneses Francisco
Published: August 2018

This paper analyzes the determinants for first-year students' performance results in four Chilean universities. In addition to the standardized college entrance exams (PSU, for the Spanish acronym) and high school marks aggregation (NEM, for the Spanish acronym), this study includes a measurement of relative ability based on Registro de Estudiantes de Chile (RECH), as an outcome predictor. Results indicate that a good performance of high school students is directly related to better university results, even when controlled by marks in college entrance exams and high-school marks for each degree. This suggests that our relative ability measure captures information (eventually non-cognitive skills) that the selection variables currently in use do not provide, which is important for explaining the first year college performance.
Trayectorias laborales de abogados profesionales y académicos: el caso de una universidad pública mexicana y su entorno
Authors: Viloria Esperanza , Galaz Jesús
Published: August 2018

his report is part of a larger investigation carried out in a Mexican State public university aiming to characterize academic culture in different professional fields. In this text, we present the results associated with the professional and academic trajectory in the field of law. Information was gathered through semi-structured interviews that dealt with various issues related to professional trajectories of the interviewed people. In the larger study we interviewed 24 people but here we report only six interviews to lawyers. Three of them were completely dedicated to their professional practice while the other three were full-time academics. Based on the analysis of the interviews, we inferred three trajectory stages for law professionals, five for those identified as professional-academics, and three for academic-professionals of law. In those stages, we identified processes related to family influence, socializing role of university studies and, finally, several mechanisms for career advancement.
Círculo de segmentación del sistema educativo chileno: destino laboral de egresados de Pedagogía en Educación Básica.
Authors: Ruffinelli Andrea , Guerrero Alexis
Published: August 2018

El artículo discute los principales resultados y conclusiones del estudio Destino laboral de los egresados de pedagogía en educación básica de instituciones de educación superior chilenas: un análisis de la segmentación del mercado. desarrollado entre septiembre de 2008 y mayo de 2009. La indagación constata y analiza el destino laboral de 246 egresados recientes - Años 2006 y 2007- de pedagogía en educación básica de 17 instituciones de educación superior chilenas y su eventual relación con las instituciones de las cuales han egresado, a partir del origen socioeducativo de los egresados, identificando asociaciones consistentes entre entidades formadoras y destinos laborales. Asimismo, se desarrollan los alcances de una incorporación funcional del sistema de educación superior y del mercado laboral al círculo reproduccionista,Âque segrega tanto a estudiantes del sistema escolar como del sistema de formación inicial de docente según el origen sociocultural y educativo, y los forma separadamente para retornarlos al mismo subsistema educativo del cual provienen.
Modelo de respuesta a la acreditación institucional. La experiencia de la Universidad de Los Lagos.
Authors: Minte Andrea R. , López Daniel
Published: August 2018

This paper describes the structural and functional components of a response model to the institutional accreditation process of Universidad de Los Lagos. This model contains several political, strategic and operative measures aimed at overcoming problems and projecting the future development of the University.
Evaluación de la reforma curricular en educación media técnicoprofesional: perspectiva de los docentes.
Authors: Espinoza Óscar , Castillo Dante , Traslaviña Patricio
Published: August 2018

This article summarizes the most important results of a research addressing teachers' opinions about curricula reforms based on working competencies at technical-professional high schools currently implemented in Chilean education institutions. Main findings show that factor and vector models used at the theoretical field can be replicated in other specializations of technical-professional high schools. From teachers' point of view, Electricity specialization is better implemented than Accountability in the curricula reform. Institutions with delegate management perform more accordingly to a reform based on working competencies than subsidized ones. Performance in schools from Fifth and Eighth Regions is much better than in Metropolitan Region.
El papel de la docencia universitaria en la formación inicial de profesores.
Authors: Echeverría Priscilla
Published: August 2018

Objectives were to explore the pedagogical performance of university teachers and understand their contribution to the construction of pedagogical knowledge for prospective teachers, an issue defined as the central objective of the research giving rise to this article. From dialogue, it analyzes the characteristics of an action oriented to teach students to explore the frameworks built from their school experience and be prepared to form their own students.
Integración de tecnología a través del aula virtual y el cambio en prácticas pedagógicas de docentes.
Authors: Contreras Bernardita
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the article is to describe the experience of Universidad del Pacífico teachers who integrate technology through the voluntary use of a virtual classroom as a complement to face-to-face classes. Results show that by applying an institutional strategy including follow-up, accompaniment, collaboration and permanent motivation, teachers become aware of the importance of technology in their classes. They gradually introduce technology into their pedagogic practices through the use of varied resources and activities favoring an active role on the student.
La internacionalización de la industria de la educación: el caso australiano.
Authors: Correia Manolita
Published: August 2018

Even though Commonwealth countries are good examples of how to adopt policies that consider education as an economically promising sector, Australia became an iconic case for its energy to attract students that pay for their education. It is time to review the Australian case in order to understand the consequences of adopting education policies oriented to purely commercial economical interests that academic capitalism theory supported by Slaughter and Leslie, contributes to understand. Otherwise, it seems that theory of world economy proposed by Wallerstein provides more suitable interpretation resources by pointing that creation of global universities in semi peripheral countries oriented to develop education as a business is not a matter of option.
El formador de futuros El formador de futuros profesionales: Una nueva forma de comprender la Docencia en la educación superior Universitaria.
Authors: Montenegro Helena , Fuentealba Rodrigo
Published: August 2018

The current article invites to size the key role of university teachers in training future professionals. To that end, this discussion takes two topics as priority a) redefine the university teachers as "university trainers" - experts on a specific disciplinary contributing to others' formation, b) the way the university teachers learn to teach their disciplinary expertise. Finally, it discusses implications of these issues both for teaching and learning as well as policy decision making for the professional training in higher education.
Iniciativas de retención de estudiantes de educación superior.
Authors: Donoso Sebastián , Donoso Gonzalo , Arias Óscar
Published: August 2018

Higher education definitely requires to increase student retention â€“ phenomenon that until recently was not considered relevant even though the impressive data accompanying it. Now, this scenario has changed due primarily to competition, family pressures, funding institutions and development policies of countries needing to strength their human capital. The study describes this huge problem and its main impacts and discusses some overcoming strategies which involved theoretical and practical work on this field. Moreover it reviews solutions related to the most effective strategies and suggests some initiatives to apply in education institutions in Chile and the system as a whole.
Trayectorias disímiles y proyectos individualizados: origen y experiencia educativo-laboral de los estudiantes de centros de formación técnica.
Authors: Sepúlveda Leandro , Ugalde Pamela
Published: August 2018

The article presents the main results of the study, "Origin, expectations and labour education project of young students at Technical Training Centresâ€2 . The research consisted in the application of a structured instrument to a sample of 901 students in their first or second semester of technical training at 23 TTCs in the Metropolitan Region. The main objective of this study was to characterize the profile and trajectory of students in this training system as well as discover their interests and personal motivations. The main outcomes show the enrolment heterogeneity of this training system, the presence of students with previous work and/or educational experience, as well as a weak link between mid-level technical training and higher-level supply.
La formación en psicología desde una perspectiva de competencias. Una contribución para el mejoramiento de la formación universitaria en chile.
Authors: Cabrera Piedad , Larraín Antonia , Moretti Renato , Arteaga Mauricio , Energici María Alejandra
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a research aimed to suggest which competences students have to develop during their undergraduate training in psychology according to the Psychology School academic community from Universidad Alberto Hurtado and professional psychologists in general. It consists of three studies. Findings suggest some specific competences critical to psychology education. There are some coincidences in considerations teachers, students and professionals have regarding to those competences in psychology professional practice and also differences which represent an interesting diversity of expectations. The paper also discusses the implications of these results for psychology education equity and the notion of competence.
Análisis de tendencias en la enseñanza de posgrado en diseño en un contexto de diversificación de la profesión del diseñador.
Authors: Vicuña Magdalena
Published: August 2018

This article presents findings of a research based on the collection of evidence which allow understanding trends having place in diverse areas of design teaching at a master degree. The research has analyzed a total of 39 Masters Programs belonging to 25 Schools of Design based on their websites and requested documents related to statements, focus and course structures. Regardless of the area of specialization, among the main trends found in selected Masters Degree Programs it can be highlighted: (1) focus on practice and connection with the public and private sector; (2) multidisciplinary context; (3) users as the core of a design project; (4) importance of the applied research to the design project and (5) an increasing role of design in business strategies and management.Key words:Â trends, graduate education, design.Â
Competencias habilitantes: un aporte para el reforzamiento de las trayectorias formativas universitarias.
Authors: Latorre Marisol , Aravena Paloma , Milos Pedro , García Miguel
Published: August 2018

In the context of an expanding university system, changes in the graduate profile and the growing demands at graduation time have become a focus of deep reflection. In front of the possibility to apply more entrance filters or evaluate secondary education final results, the proposal is to focus on the formative trajectories conceived as the crucial factor to guarantee quality and relevance of the learning outcomes conducive to the graduate profile. The notion of Enabling Competencies is introduced in the reflection and curriculum design in order to favour the integration of learning outcomes to be achieved at the end of the first two years of university so students can face successfully their professional education.
Nuevas estrategias económicas en la universidad desde la responsabilidad social.
Authors: Casani Fernando , Pérez-Esparrells Carmen , Rodríguez Jesús
Published: August 2018

With the full implementation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), the benchmarking context of Spanish universities is not longer within its national frontiers or the EU-27 frontiers but is extended to forty eight European countries and more than four thousand higher education institutions. For this reason, Spanish universities should open their horizons promoting the development of new strategies to face the internationalization and seeking for new sources of financing. The idea is to develop a favorable environment (academic, scientific, entrepreneurial & innovative) in order to get a higher international visibility as well as a higher impact on the social and economic spheres. Therefore, Spanish universities have to deal with two key challenges: the diversification and search of new sources of financing â€“ specifically by fundraising from people, institutions, alumni, organizations and foundations sharing the mission and strategic objectives â€“ and the notion of social accountability of the University itself. In this context, higher education institutions have to respond before a wider group of stakeholders, not only in teaching and research but also in the so-called "third missionâ€ (social accountability). For this reason, they have to make strategic choices on activities and projected functions in order to obtain the intended quality level. Key words: Spanish universities, fundraising, financing, university social accountability.Â
Investigación comparativa sobre las evaluaciones de estudiantes universitarios frente a dos modelos e-learning.
Authors: Mendiburo-Seguel Andrés , Reininger Marion
Published: August 2018

This article summarizes the outcomes from a research carried out by a Chilean university aimed to compare the evaluations two groups of students made on two different e-learning models. These models differ in multiple factors. However both are explained, as well as the theoretical review leading to the creation of an instrument to assess such factors. Results show that when comparing the evaluations of the different factors of the two e-learning models, learners from the newly implemented e-learning model have a significantly higher evaluation of the relevant system than those who studied under the previous model. Finally, the implications of these results are discussed.
Análisis y propuestas para la acreditación de pedagogías en Chile.
Authors: Domínguez Macarena , Meckes Lorena
Published: August 2018

This essay examines the accreditation of initial teacher training programs in Chile â€“evaluation criteria, requirements, consequences, standards, procedures and financial arrangements- and compares them to accreditation processes in countries with a strong quality assurance of their teaching force. Chilean accreditation of initial teacher training is also compared to features that should be present in any assessment used for purposes of accountability. The essay concludes with the identification of the main weaknesses we should overcome in order to increase the contribution of the accreditation process to the quality assurance of the teaching force in our country.
Aporte Fiscal Indirecto: una propuesta para su modernización.
Authors: Flores Lorena , González Javier , Rodríguez Jorge , Sugg Daniela
Published: August 2018

The Indirect Fiscal Contribution (AFI, for the Spanish acronym) was created in 1981 in order to improve the quality of higher education through the competence among institutions to recruit best students. Over time, this potential source of incentives has become weak, as today AFI only represents 3.5 per cent of the total fiscal contribution for higher education. Moreover, it shows several weaknesses in design. This work provides proposals to mainstream the AFI to make it an effective tool to promote equity, quality and efficiency of the higher education system. Among them, it highlights: to improve its relative weight as a funding source; to demand the beneficiary institutions to be accredited to receive it; to consider the secondary school graduation ranking to identify students generating the benefit; to reserve AFI places for technical careers; to correct the AFI value by the students SES and to pay it monthly to improve the retention and timely graduation of students.
Organismos y procesos de certificación de calidad de la educación superior privada en México.
Authors: Cuevas Yazmín
Published: August 2018

In Mexico, official mechanisms regulating private higher education are very flexible, thus, there is a wide variety of private higher education institutions: On the one hand, there are institutions that meet the requisites to provide professional training, on the other hand, there are institutions that barely meet the necessary requirements. This has caused an uneven academic quality among private higher education institutions. This quality is certified (on a voluntary basis, i.e. not legally binding) by three agencies. This article analyzes the procedures of the three agencies that are responsible for assessing and certifying the quality of private higher education institutions. It is assumed that, due to its voluntary nature, this evaluation process has limited influence on improving the quality of the private higher education system, since few institutions are subservient to it.
Equidad en el acceso a la educación superior: los "cupos de equidad" en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Chile.
Authors: Moya Cristóbal
Published: August 2018

This paper analyzes the "Equity Quotasâ€ (CE, for the Spanish acronym) as an initiative that seeks alternative ways of entering higher education in a highly segregated socioeconomic selection context. It analyzes the concept of equity in higher education along with other specific programs and initiatives of alternative access in the last two decades. The initiative is characterized by the revision of some documents that give account of it compared with impressions provided by the person in charge of its implementation and tracing. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the CE are exposed, in the light of similar international initiatives. In its development, the work reflects on the level of advance that the CE implies in respect of the equity in higher education, including new students, although it maintains the exclusion of others.
Articulación del sistema de educación superior en Chile: posibilidades, tensiones y desafíos.
Authors: Gaete Marcela , Morales Raquel
Published: August 2018

This article presents results from a study aimed to analyze and compare the critical nodes and the extent of implementation of several modalities of curricular flexibility -articulation, prosecution and study continuity- among the higher technical, professional and university levels in order to establish key axes for designing policies and action plans around an organized, appropriate and flexible Chilean Higher Education System. The methodology involves numerous case studies and data collection methods, documentary analysis and extensive interviews with managers responsible for coordinating initiatives. Outcomes refer to a major heterogeneity of proposals sharing common difficulties mainly related to structure, regulation, incentives and financing of the higher education system.
La investigación sobre formación docente en Chile. Territorios explorados e inexplorados.
Authors: Cisternas Tatiana
Published: August 2018

Despite the strength shown by the debate about teacher preparation in recent years, research aimed to study the initial and continuing training of teachers is presented as a poorly explored dimension in the national scenario. Which are the research characteristics in this field? This article synthesizes some of the findings of a doctoral research work aimed at setting the features of objects that it problematizes and studies. From 82 summaries of research made between 1996 and 2007, it seems that all the studies of teacher education in Chile explore some items more than others and tend to build one-dimensional problems, that is to say they approach the phenomenon of formation only from one perspective of components.
Una aproximación a la construcción de identidad de mujeres cadetes en la Escuela Militar del Ejército de Chile.
Authors: Pérez Claudia
Published: August 2018

This article reflects on the findings from a research framed in the field of higher education and gender. It addresses the incorporation of women into the Army, and in particular the processes of identity construction. In doing that, it analyzes discourses, practices and experienced processes in their training as an identification material that outlines a certain way of being and acting. Military education forges an institutional subject while a male subject. Exacerbating the male/ female roles separation, it reinforces the traditional social representation and promotes the natural and sexualized acceptance of an identity, by complement in the case of women.
Cambios en la gestión institucional en universidades a partir de la implementación del sistema nacional de aseguramiento de la calidad: la experiencia chilena.
Authors: Lemaitre María José , Maturana Mario , Zenteno Elisa , Alvarado Andrea
Published: August 2018

The gradual implementation of a National System of Quality Assurance in Higher Education and, overall, the institutional accreditation processes, have produced some impacts in institutional management in our country. These changes are especially evident in quality assurance management in terms of creation and adaptation of organic structures, mechanisms, use and analysis of information inputs, good practices and, in general, a better participation of relevant actors. This research is aimed to identify such impacts, detailing changes and good practices, in order to try to improve the management of tertiary education institutions.
Procesos de acreditación de pedagogías: un estudio del quehacer de las agencias.
Authors: Domínguez Macarena , Bascopé Martín , Carrillo Carlos , Lorca Estibaliz , Olave Gabriel , Pozo María de los Angeles
Published: August 2018

This paper reports results from a research on procedures for accreditation of ITT programs that Accreditation agencies follow in Chile. It analyzes whether the specific procedures for program evaluation are reliable or whether they depend on the judgment of the agency. Results show that despite agencies comply with current regulations, aspects that are regulated and have accurate descriptions about how to proceed are very few in relation to the huge number of procedures and decisions to be made by agencies, and so their work is much discretionary.
Diferencias en resultados académicos entre educación técnico-profesional y humanista-cientifica en Chile.
Authors: Farías Mauricio , Carrasco Rafael
Published: August 2018

This study analyzes differences in academic achievement among students enrolled in vocational education compared to students in academic education at the secondary level in Chile. Using OLS, propensity score matching and sensitivity analysis we examine test score differences between 10th and 12th grades in math and language. The study provides evidence that vocational education students perform, on average, 0.28 standard deviations below similar students in academic education. There is additional evidence of differentiated effects depending on the initial achievement levels. These effects range from 0.08 to 0.49 standard deviations for lower and higher achievers respectively. Finally, the sensitivity analysis suggests that most of these differences are important enough to be significant even in the presence of potentially strong omitted variables.
Requerimientos académicos en estudiantes universitarios: el camino recorrido por el centro de apoyo al rendimiento académico y de exploración vocacional de la UC.
Authors: Hojas Ana María , Anais María José , Bustos Angélica , Letelier Cecilia , Zuzulich Soledad
Published: August 2018

This article describes experiences from the Centre for Supporting Academic Performance and Vocational Exploration of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. In particular, it describes the evolution of its services and how these services have developed and diversified, after eight years operating, according to academic needs of students in this University. The experience of the Centre shows the importance of addressing issues associated with academic performance and study as areas that require specialized professionals.
Las políticas públicas de evaluación y acreditación de las carreras de grado en Argentina.
Authors: Guaglianone Ariadna
Published: August 2018

The work makes reference to processes conducted by Argentine universities during the last decades through the implementation of the new public policies encouraged by the Government with the purpose of improving quality of programs and institutions. The work also addresses reforms introduced during the eighties and nineties in the evaluation and accreditation processes for the undergraduate programs, and their impact fifteen years after their implementation. To understand more deeply the features and organizational types of Argentine universities, further analysis of the university policies is required.
Perfil de las licenciaturas en arte del sistema universitario chileno.
Authors: Villegas Ignacio
Published: August 2018

This work shows the main features that shape the 13 undergraduate art programs in the new Chilean university system by analyzing information provided by direct informants, SIES and official Web pages. From this, it is possible to display a profile for these programs, whose main features are a little differentiation in terms of curricular structure, differences in tuition fees rates, a high number of women as students, a reduced number of faculty members with a PhD., and actions towards facilitating the graduation process. Analysis of data constitutes a basis for designing policies for teaching arts in Chilean universities.
Ética cívica: integrando la experiencia vivida.
Authors: Gómez Verónica , Royo Paulina
Published: August 2018

This text describes the experience of designing and teaching a civic ethics course under a competence-based model in a non-religious higher education institution, the University of Talca. Surveys applied to the course participants suggest that this approach allowed students to further develop their abilities in the field of civic values and apply theses abilities well beyond the classroom.
Cambios en el sistema universitario chileno: reflexiones sobre su evolución y una propuesta de gobernanza
Authors: Rock Juan Antonio , Rojas Claudio
Published: August 2018

This essay discusses a proposal of governance for Chilean public universities (State). It is based on trends affecting the university system all over the world: overcrowding, diversification, opening to new stakeholders and its correspondence in the national university system. This analysis distinguishes three levels: a meta level, meaning value context and economic, social and philosophical ideas leading to the concept and expectations about the university; a meso level - the institutions - involving the government and the public structure responsible for the university system; and a micro level, university education institutions, where there are remarkable factors as university government structures, their governance, leadership and institution management.
Contextos, contingencia e intereses en el proceso de investigar la formación docente. Un estudio de casos.
Authors: Cisternas León Tatiana
Published: August 2018

Assuming that the research process involves decisions framed in time and space, we analyze how researchers define their objects of study in the field of teacher education. The methodology, based on backed up theory, has used interviews to researchers to reconstruct the genesis of their studies. The findings show theoretical and pragmatic origins underlying research practices: the weight of the position of the researcher in the field of training and research, the role of the calls for competition (as an Â«artifactÂ» defining problems), the effects of financing and the role of the institution hosting the research. It is concluded that research on education is a constructive process that involves personal, institutional and contextual decisions and factors.
Una taxonomía de las universidades chilenas.
Authors: Muñoz Miguel , Blanco Christian
Published: August 2018

We propose a taxonomy of Chilean universities through a factor analysis with different results from those produced by typologies of Brunner (2005, 2009), Parada (2010), Torres and Zenteno (2011) and Rosso and Reyes (2012), overcoming Bernasconi's objections (2006). It avoids binary distinctions like traditional/private, metropolitan/regional, catholic/secular, etc. It does not establish rankings nor use historical, legal or other distinctions not referred to the effective universities' operational characteristics. Universities are grouped according to a pool of relevant variables (research, size, composition, accreditation, etc.). Five types of universities are generated: Research, Massive, Accreditation, Elite and Non-Elite. This research intends to contribute to the understanding of universities in Chile and to public policies with conceptual tools for addressing the diversity of universities.
Un marco de cualificaciones para la capacitación y la certificación de competencias laborales en Chile.
Authors: Solís Carolina , Castillo Ramón , Undurraga Trinidad
Published: August 2018

This article sets out the background for the design and installation of a qualification framework for job training and skills certification in Chile. Firstly, it presents weaknesses and challenges of the national labor market and the objective of public policies to intervene the vocational training systems and the certification of job skills. That reveals the usefulness of a qualification framework to articulate and align both systems. It reviews the current status of qualification frameworks in different countries and the experience of Chile and presents a synthesis of the views of some stakeholders in respect to the feasibility and operation conditions of a qualifications framework for those systems. Finally, it formulates principles and criteria about operation and projections of the application of this instrument.
Rendimiento académico de estudiantes de distinto nivel socioeconómico en universidades: el caso de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Authors: Catalán Ximena , Santelices María Verónica
Published: August 2018

This study aims to explore differences in academic performance in universities of students coming from different socioeconomic groups using the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile as a study case. Socioeconomic groups were defined based on the type of school the student graduated from and the household income quintile. One-way ANOVA and Chi Square tests were used to examine whether differences in college grades and persistence were statistically significant. The results indicate that the average scores and persistence rates do not differ substantially when comparing the academic performance of students from different socioeconomic levels. We expect these results contribute to the discussion about inclusion of economically disadvantaged people in universities.
La constitución de actores de la calidad en la educación superior desde el institucionalismo centrado en actores: El caso de AQU Cataluña y su evolución desde consorcio a agencia
Authors: Paulus Nelson
Published: August 2018

Guided by the distinction between â€˜problem orientedâ€™ and â€˜interaction orientedâ€™ policy research used by Fritz Scharpf (1997) in his book Games that Real Actors Play, the text addresses the policies that promote quality in education in regard of actors and policy interactions in view to discover the interactive instances around their adequate implementation. After the theoretical review, the paper describes the experience of creation, consolidation and evolution of the Catalonian university quality assurance agency, illustrating how changes in actors affect perceptions about them and interactions before them. This is worth mentioning in the quality assurance policy implementation framework in national contexts beyond this particular question and even beyond programs specific to this matter.
Aspirar a una universidad selectiva y concretar las aspiraciones: factores determinantes
Authors: González Álvaro
Published: August 2018

Este artículo investiga, en primer lugar, la influencia del capital cultural sobre las aspiraciones a estudiar en una universidad selectiva y la concreción de estas por parte de los alumnos, a partir del análisis de un cuestionario original aplicado a 1.054 alumnos de cuarto año de enseñanza media en 23 colegios científico-humanistas del Gran Concepción. Se comprueba que existe, aun después de incorporar variables relativas al rendimiento académico del alumno, una persistencia de la influencia del capital cultural sobre las aspiraciones y su concreción. Por otro lado, el estudio confirma la gran influencia de la composición socioeconómica del colegio, incluso después de haber tomado en consideración el nivel académico de los alumnos y el capital cultural familiar. Finalmente, se demuestra que la adopción por parte de los alumnos de estrategias racionales que favorezcan la transición hacia la universidad, como la asistencia a un preuniversitario, incide notablemente en las aspiraciones y concreción de estudios universitarios. La marcada desigualdad en el acceso a la universidad se ve influenciada por factores estructurales objetivos, pero también por estrategias de elección racional asumidas por los actores involucrados.
La educación técnica en Chile y Estados Unidos desde una perspectiva histórica y comparada
Authors: Sevilla María Paola
Published: August 2018

"To decide where we are going, we must find out where we come fromâ€. Under this well-known sentence, this article summarizes the historical events that have influenced the evolution of the vocational-technical education system in Chile and the United States since the early twentieth century. It compares both systems in their processes of convergence and divergence with the academic track, in light of different perspectives to vocational-technical education such as technical-functionalist, the integrationist approach of John Dewey and the theories about social reproduction. Vocational-technical education in Chile requires comprehensive and long-term policies not automatically focused on improving the existing system without first discussing the strengths and weaknesses of a different model.