bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concept of hate speech as a threat to the information security of Internet communication
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Galyashina Elena I. , Nikishin Vladimir D. ,   Kutafin Moscow State Law University
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to a comprehensive examination of the hate speech phenomenon in the aspect of legal and linguistic support for countering the information threats of Internet communication. The legal and linguistic analysis of the concept of “hate speech” is carried out by the authors according to the approaches of the European Court of Human Rights in the context of human rights and freedoms, as well as the protection of national security, constitutional order, public order, health and morality of the population. Verbal extremism as a criminalized part of hate speech is considered in the article from the standpoint of Russian, international and foreign legislation. The authors also analyzed the correlation of the following legal phenomena in international law: verbal religious extremism, insulting the feelings of believers, blasphemy and defamation of religions. The analysis of the scientists’ positions regarding the concept of “hate speech” and its criminalized part — verbal extremism: the analysis of the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights, the Council of Europe, the United Nations, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe regarding what kind of speech acts should be criminally punishable; as well as the analysis of the elements of crimes covered by the concept of “hate speech” in the criminal law of foreign states allowed the authors to formulate a list of features corresponding to extremist speech acts.
Improvement of Russian criminal legislation in the field of combating sports crimes
Authors:   Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Krupnik Inna A. , Ogurlu Yucel ,   Istanbul Commercial University, Ongarbaev Erkin A. ,   Eurasian National University named after L. N. Gumilyov
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the novelties of Russian criminal legislation in the field of combating crimes in the field of sports. The relevance of the problem is due to the insufficient development of the theoretical and scientific-methodological aspects of the mechanism of legal protection of public relations in the field of professional sports in Russia. The purpose of the article is to develop a concept for the development of criminal legislation on responsibility for sports crimes. The main research method of this problem is formally legal, which allows the authors to formulate proposals for improving the criminal law. In addition, comparative legal and sociological methods were used to ensure the reliability of the results obtained. The study revealed that the following acts that infringe on relations in the field of sports are subject to criminalization within the framework of current Russian criminal law: 1) giving and receiving bribes by persons performing organizational and administrative and administrative functions in connection with the organization and conduct of professional sporting events; 2) hooligan behavior of spectators and other persons present during a professional sporting event. The study is aimed at the formation of a system of competencies among law enforcement officers to counteract violations in the field of sports, including the use of criminal law enforcement measures. The novelty and originality of the study lies in the fact that for the first time a concept is proposed for the development of criminal legislation on responsibility for crimes in the field of sports in the form of a revision of the corresponding criminal law norms.
Criminal policy of Kazakhstan in the sphere of countering to drunk driving
Authors:   Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Bakishev Kairat A. , Nurgaliev Bahit M. ,   Bolashaq Academy
Published: October 2021

The article examines the criminal policy of countering road accidents committed by drivers under the influence, implemented in Kazakhstan in connection with the trend of their constant growth. Based on the example of law enforcement practice of previous years, the authors conclude that the next measures to strengthen responsibility for drunk driving, adopted by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 27, 2019, will not bring tangible results due to ill-considered and illogical actions of the legislator. This is due to the fact that criminalization of Art. 345-1 and Art. 346 of the Criminal Code was carried out contrary to the Concept of legal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2010 to 2020; due to the unsuccessful legislative structure of Art. 346 of the criminal code and the contradictory position of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the regulatory decree “On the practice of applying criminal legislation in cases of violations of traffic rules and vehicle operation” dated June 29, 2011, there are serious difficulties in its application in investigative and judicial practice; the courts are actively using the possibility of significantly reducing the punishment to the guilty or release from criminal liability in cases of reconciliation with the victim on the grounds stipulated by Paragraph 1 of Part 2 of Art. 55 of the Criminal Code and Part 1 of Art. 68 of the Criminal Code, etc. To resolve the existing shortcomings, thoughtful, consistent and criminologically justified actions of the state are required, which may contain the proposals provided by the authors.
The legal culture of Russian society before the challenge of digitalization
Authors:   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Pashentsev Dmitriy A.
Published: October 2021

In the article, the issue of the influence of modern digital technologies on legal culture is analyzed from the perspective of current post-classical methodology, primarily constructivism and anthropocentrism as areas of sociological jurisprudence. The legal culture of Russian society is analyzed based on the historical and anthropological theory of law in conjunction with legal tradition. The vital role of legal culture in the mechanism for constructing social reality is emphasized. The concept of legal culture integrates legal and non-legal elements; it is synthesizing for the individual with its legal status, a society with its legal system, the state with the legislation it adopts and the law enforcement system it forms. It has been shown that the dynamics of legal culture amid digitalization is determined by the relationship of traditional and new legal values, as well as the contradiction between traditionalism and universalism in their axiological aspect. Digitalization affects the individual and collective legal consciousness of legal subjects as carriers of legal culture, thereby determining the dynamics of its fundamental characteristics. The influence of digital technologies on the value content of Russian legal culture is also examined. The dynamics of legal values in a digital society is presented. It is highlighted that the transfer of legal culture between generations is carried out through social relay. Digitalization entails a “digital divide” between generations, disrupts existing mechanisms for the transfer of legal experience and legal values, since the younger generation is much more immersed in a virtual space where they carry out essential social communication than the older generation. In this context, a systematic and focused effort by the state and civil society institutions is needed to take advantage of the opportunities offered by digital technologies for the legal education of young people.
Early 20th Century Studio and Theatre Innovations of Vs. E. Meyerhold and S. E. Radlov
Authors:   Russian State Institute of Performing Arts, Ganelin Aleksandr E. ,   The Komissarzhevskaya Theatre
Published: October 2021

The experience of the pedagogical work of the Studio Vsevolod Meyerhold on Borodinskaya Street (1914–1917) to a large extent can be considered one of the important sources of the methodological and pedagogical model inherent in the modern Leningrad — Petersburg theatre school. The education principles of the synthetic actor and director, developed within the studio, combined innovations in the work of teachers and their students both at individual stages of the pedagogical process and on the path to creating a “new” theatre, in a broad understanding of this phenomenon of cultural life at the beginning of the XX century. The unique theatre school-studio became an autonomous art structure, independent of the staffing and financial demands of repertoire and private theatres that studios during this period experienced. For Meyerhold and other teachers of the Studio, particularly, Vladimir Solov’ev, a top priority was reviving the stage technique commedia dell’arte. The student plays of the studio fully reflected the undoubted successes and, naturally, the vulnerabilities inherent in such innovative searches. The article analyzes the detailed list of stylistic, mise-en-scenic and decoration production solutions proposed by Meyerhold and Yuri Bondi, the opportunity to improvise in a pre-prepared directorial plan. Sergei Radlov, a participant in the Studio at Borodinskaya, continued his creative search in the approach proposed by Meyerhold for the development of an improvisational synthetic theatre. Radlov’s directorial and pedagogical work in the studios of Kurmascep, “Popular comedy” (Narodnaya Comediya), etc., at the Institute (later Technical School) of stage arts deserves additional consideration in terms of the scientific analysis of the evolution of his innovative views at the beginning of the century and their interconnection with traditional approaches to theater education and stage practice of those years.
Color in the System of Artistic Means of Cinema
Authors:   Russian Institute of Art History, Poznin Vitaly F. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2021

Although the main visual information in film is carried out by the shape of objects, their position in space and their correlation with other objects, color in the motion picture also plays a significant role because the color scale has a strong aesthetic and emotional impact on the viewer. Color is often an organic part of the dramaturgy of film. The exact coloristic solution of a frame, episode or film is able to create the desired atmosphere of action. Different screen chronotopes are often indicated with the help of color — it could be an artistic space of reality, memories, fantasies or a movie character’s dreams. Color helps to convey the subjective perception of reality by the film’s heroes. In a certain context, the color scheme of a film, shot or an individual object, can acquire a metaphorical or symbolic sound. Cinematography initially adopted many of the techniques related to compositional and light-color solutions from painting, which is especially noticeable in the works of directors who pay great attention to the plastic solution of the frame. Today with the introduction into filmmaking of digital technologies, work on the visual solution and color harmonization of the screen image is becoming in many ways similar to the art of an artist. The article analyzes and summarizes the creative experience accumulated by cinema in working with color images and investigates the functional role of color in film, the psychophysiological and emotional impact of color on the viewer, the symbolism of color, and various methods of color solutions in modern films.
Inscriptions in the Artistic Structure of the Items of Medieval Silversmiths. Works of Church Art from Tikhvin in the State Russian Museum
Authors:   State Russian Museum, Makarova Anna A. , Klukanova Olga V. ,   State Russian Museum, Pivovarova Nadezhda V. ,   State Russian Museum
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of studying inscribed and dated objects of applied art of the 16th–17th century from the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg. The subject of the research is the set of church plates from the monasteries of the Dormition of Our Lady and the Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple in Tikhvin and the precious tsata from the Tikhvin icon of the Mother of God (Stockholmskaya) from the Tikhvin Cathedral of the Transfiguration. In 1928, the items were given to the State Russian Museum from the department of ecclesiastical property of the State Museum fund. The majority of these items were made in the Moscow workshops. The study provided an opportunity to identify the items fabricated by Tikhvin silversmiths. The authors analyze the iconography, style, structural and technical features of a number of art works including liturgical vessels, a church lamp and several altar Gospels. The study substantiates new attributions of the chalice and the church lamp from the Cathedral of Dormition of Our Lady. Attention is given to the inscriptions on the items. The authors examine the specifics of the forms of inscriptions and cite new data on the donors such as Ivan Nikitich Romanov, Ivan Ivanovich Shuiskii and the Mikhalkov family.
A Parable in Painting: “Room in a Dutch House” and “Woman Reading” by Pieter Janssens Elinga
Authors:   I. E. Repin Saint Petersburg State Academic Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, Podshivalova Polina I.
Published: October 2021

This article proposes the hypothesis that the paintings “A Room in a Dutch House” (late 1660s — early 1670s) and “Woman Reading” (1660) by Delft artist of genre scenes Pieter Janssens Elinga (1623–1682) are paired and in a mutual dialogue and the New Testament parable is told about Martha and Mary, as a symbol of two worldviews — contemplative and effective, spiritual and material. The proposed assumption is mainly justified by comparing biblical texts (the Gospel of Luke, the Epistle of James and others) with the figurative system of paintings examined and sequentially interpreted in the context of emblematic and Protestant thinking. Thus, upon a detailed and comprehensive examination of the painting “A Room in a Dutch House”, the image of Martha appears to be much more complex and paradoxical than at first glance — the imposition of a peculiar Protestant hierotopy of order on the plot canvas reveals a new meaning to the depicted scene. A study of paintings belonging to the beginning of the 17th century and dedicated to the life of Saints Martha and Mary made it possible to discover on the canvases of Elinga both traditional iconographic motifs and a conscious departure from them. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of the creative method of the master and his connection with the trends of the Delft school of art, especially with the work of Pieter de Hooch. In conditions of shortage of scientific material, this work is of scientific value. Thus, the interpretation proposed in the article turns the biblical parable into a link between the studied canvases.
The specifics of the vlog audience and its influence on the process of retial communication
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Medvedeva Elena V.
Published: October 2021

The demand for vlogs (video blogs) in the modern world stipulates the relevance of this work: having turned into a full-fledged media space, vlogs are steadily beginning to win back the position of leading mass media from television. The article studies the audience of vlogs as the most important factor which determines the model of communication of a vlogger and the final design of the media product as a whole and its issues in particular. The sources for the research are popular vlogs of the Runet which make it possible to trace distinguishing features of the vlog audience in comparison with the TV audience and to point out its similarities with the target audience in advertising communication. The retail communication act itself, which is initiated by a vlogger, demonstrates the similarity with the AIDMA model. As a result of the conducted analysis the author is able to make several conclusions: 1) about specific featuresof the audience of the vlog; 2) about the influence of the factor of the addressee on the vloggers’ work; 3) about different means of influence used by a vlogger to retain the audience’s attention and involve the audience in post-communication activity; 4) about the singularity of retail communication in vlogs. The active position of the addressee of communication in the virtual media space, the opportunity and the necessity of interactive communication for vlog promotion induce vloggers to constantly resolve the objectives of attracting and retaining the attention of subscribers, audience augmentation, and elaboration of topics for postcommunication activity of the audience. The vlog format, which is aimed at the creation and dissemination of media texts with complicated semiotics, enables and forces a vlogger to apply the widest range of verbal and nonverbal means of communication.
Communicative strategies and tactics of speech influence in art journalism genres (review, reportage)
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Tochitskaya Nadezhda A.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the communicative strategies and tactics of speech influence used in the presentation of an artwork and a cultural event in art journalism. The accelerating process of the commercialisation of art with a greater degree of intensity actualises the work as a commodity. In the representation of artistic culture in media discourse, this is manifested in a weakening of the analytical component and aesthetic appreciation. Media texts increasingly use entertainment approaches, and there is a tendency towards performativity and shock value, an ironic style. This is reflected in the stylistics of the media text, which has contributed to the active use of attractive speech means. Transformation processes have also affected such genres as review and reportage. Today it is almost impossible to find a classic review, which would present an analysis of the merits and demerits of the work and a competent assessment. The aim of review in art journalism is to announce, to attract the audience’s attention both to the work and to the author’s search, to promote the values of a consumer society. In reportage, the classic characteristics have also undergone changes. Today, this genre is characterised by authorial subjectivism, which is expressed in vivid self-presentation. As a result of the analysis of the Belarusian online publications, the main communicative strategies of speech impact have been identified: the advertising strategy, which is exemplified in the review, and the image building strategy characteristic to the reportage. In art journalism, the use of these communicative and speech practices led to a downgrading of art and the perception of a cultural event as an entertainment show. The problem addressed is important due to the relevance of the topic of interaction between media language and modern culture.
Uzaktan Eğitimde Yeni Serüven: Çevrimiçi Öğretmenlik Uygulamaları
Authors: ASLAN ALTAN Bilge
Published: October 2021

Öğretmen yetiştirme programları güncel değişim ve gelişmelere ayak uydurmada birçok sorumluluğu paylaşmaktadır. Geleceğin öğretmenlerini, toplumun ve çağın ihtiyaçlarına cevap verecek şekilde hazırlamada bu programlar içerisinde yeni kararlar alınabilmekte, yeni planlama ve uygulamalara yer verilebilmektedir. Pandemi döneminde alınan acil kararlar ve eğitim uygulamaları arasında öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi kapsamında da yeni bir deneyim yaşanmış, çoğu öğretmen adayı ilgili ders kapsamında öğretmenlik deneyimini çevrimiçi ortamlarda tamamlayarak mezun olmuşlardır. Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının pandemi döneminde gerçekleştirilen öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi kapsamında çevrimiçi gerçekleştirilen öğretim etkinliklerinde yaşadıkları deneyimleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu kapsamda ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 12 öğretmen adayı ve çevrimiçi öğretmenlik uygulamasında görev alan iki uygulama öğretmeni ile nitel bir araştırma yürütülmüştür. Yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ile katılımcılarla çevrimiçi ortamda odak grup görüşmeleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel ve içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğretmen adayları genel olarak çevrimiçi öğretmenlik uygulamalarında zorlayıcı süreçler yaşamıştır. Bu süreçlerde en fazla karşılaştıkları zorluklar teknik aksaklıklar ve sınıf yönetimi olmuştur. Ancak mekânsal ayrılık ve dijital materyal hazırlama kolaylığı ile öğretmen adaylarının çevrimiçi öğretim etkinliklerinde yaşadığı kolaylık, ekran başında da olsa öğrencilerle ve uygulama öğretmeni ile etkileşim kurabilme, uzaktan eğitim sürecine ilişkin yeni deneyimler kazanma bu sürecin olumlu yansımaları olarak vurgulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına ilişkin detaylı bulgular araştırma kapsamında tartışılmış ve geleceğe yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Uso de Informação e conhecimento no ensino superior privado
Authors: Pereira Gilberto Braga , Viana Mateus Camargos , Macedo Solange Madalena Souza , Heizer Ionara Houry
Published: October 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisaras finalidades do uso de informação e conhecimento em uma instituição privada de ensino superior na cidade de Itabira, Minas Gerais, sob a perspectiva de seus colaboradores. Na metodologia empregada neste estudo, utilizou-se a abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritiva quanto aos fins e pesquisa de campo quanto aos meios. O universo de pesquisa foi constituído pelas instituições privadas de ensino superior de Minas Gerais. O critério de amostragem escolhido foi o não probabilístico, por acessibilidade e por tipicidade, o que definiu como amostra a Fundação Comunitária de Ensino Superior de Itabira (FUNCESI). Utilizando-se como instrumento para coleta de dados, entrevista semiestruturada focalizada a três gestores e três professores, além de utilizar para verificação dos dados coletados, a análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados da pesquisa foram; o mapeamento do conceito de informação e de conhecimento entre os sujeitos da pesquisa; identificação dos tipos e aplicações da informação e do conhecimento na Instituição, o que possibilitou, por meio da análise, confrontar os dados colhidos com a literatura presente neste estudo, com as percepções dos respondentes, demonstrando similaridade entre eles. Por fim, foi possível observar que, a partir das informações obtidas, os sujeitos de pesquisa chegam a considerações bastante próximas daquelas preconizadas pelos autores da literatura pesquisada, embora sucintamente, definem a informação como algo que deriva dos dados, que contextualizados resultam em significados/informações e o conhecimento como processo de conhecer, criar e fazer sentido.
Sodium Butyrate Pre-Treatment Enhance Differentiation of Bone
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) into Hepatocytes and
Improve Liver Injury
Authors: Li Qiu-Yun , Chen Juan , Luo Yong-Heng , Zhang Wei , Xiao En-Hua
Published: October 2021

Objective:

The treatment of liver failure by stem cell transplantation has
attracted growing interest. Herein, we aim to explore the role of sodium butyrate (NaB) in
the hepatic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) under
liver-specific factors induction in vitro and vivo.

Materials & Methods:

We isolated BM-MSCs from the mononuclear cell fraction of
rabbit bone marrow samples and identified the cells by Immunophenotypic analysis. We
investigated the effects of different concentrations and induction conditions. The histone
deacetylase inhibitor NaB induced hepatic differentiation of BM-MSCs under liverspecific
factors induction in vitro. Morphological features, liver-specific gene and protein
expression, and functional analyses in vitro and vivo were performed to evaluate the
hepatic differentiation of BM-MSCs.

Results:

Our results showed that pre-treated NaB inhibited the expression of the liverspecific
protein in a dose-dependent manner. The induction efficiency of NaB with 24h
pre-treatment was higher than that of NaB continuous intervention. 0.5 mM 24h NaB
pre-treated cells can improve liver tissue damage in vivo. The liver ALB, AAT, and the
serum TP were significantly increased, while the serum ALT was significantly reduced.

Conclusion:

Continuous NaB treatment can inhibit BM-MSCs proliferation in a dosedependent
manner at a certain concentration range. 0.5 mM 24h pre-treatment of NaB
enhanced differentiation of BM-MSCs into hepatocytes and improved liver injury in vitro
and vivo.
A Comprehensive Review of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in
Animals: Exploration of Interaction with Antibiotics of Shuang-Huang-
Lian Preparations
Authors: Liang Liuyi , Jin Xin , Li Jinjing , Li Rong , Jiao Xinyi , Ma Yuanyuan , Liu Rui , Li Zheng
Published: October 2021

:

As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL) has been widely
used for treating infectious diseases of the respiratory tract such as encephalitis, pneumonia, and
asthma. During the past few decades, considerable research has focused on pharmacological action,
pharmacokinetic interaction with antibiotics, and clinical applications of SHL. A huge and
more recent body of pharmacokinetic studies support the combination of SHL and antibiotics have
different effects such as antagonism and synergism. SHL has been one of the best-selling TCM
products. However, there is no systematic review of SHL preparations, ranging from protection
against respiratory tract infections to interaction with antibiotics. Since their important significance
in clinical therapy, the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and interactions with antibiotics of
SHL were reviewed and discussed. In addition, this review attempts to explore the possible potential
mechanism of SHL preparations in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We are concerned
about the effects of SHL against viruses and bacteria, as well as its interactions with antibiotics
in an attempt to provide a new strategy for expanding the clinical research and medication of
SHL preparations.
COVID-19-associated Coagulopathy and Thromboembolism: Determination of Their Patterns and Risk Factors as Predictors of Mortality Among Severe COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Naqvi Iftikhar Haider , Alam Muhammad Tanveer , Rehan Muhammad , Mahmood Khalid , Aurangzeb Muhammad , Talib Abu
Published: October 2021

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with coagulopathy (CAC)
and venous thromboembolism (VTE). These are well-reported complications of COVID-19 infection.
Earlier publications have shown that CAC and thromboembolism are predictors of mortality among
COVID-19 patients with severe disease.

Material and Methods:

A prospective study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where all
confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled and followed until death or ICU discharge. CAC, VTE,
along with all comorbidities, were recorded. Predictors of mortality were determined by univariate and
multivariate regression.

Results:

Among 261 patients with COVID-19, 48.3% survived and 51.7% died. CAC was present in
53.2% and 76.3% of the survivors and non-survivors, respectively (p<0.001); 89 patients (31.4%) had
VTE (p=0.36) and 11 patients (4.2%) had arterial thrombosis (p=0.76) among survivors and nonsurvivors.
Age between 71-80 years (p=0.009), male gender (p=0.045), CAC (p<0.001), comorbidities
like chronic kidney disease (CKD, p=0.013), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, p=0.001)
and asthma (p=0.046), were significant predictors of mortality.

Conclusion:

A severe complication of COVID-19 is CAC, such as sepsis-induced coagulopathy, overt
disseminated-coagulopathy and VTE. Old age, various comorbidities (e.g. COPD, CKD, or asthma),
CAC, VTE (pulmonary embolism) and coagulation parameters with critical severity score (D-dimers,
platelets, prothrombin time) and the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score were significant
predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients.
Evaluation of Botulinum Toxin Type A and its Potential Effect on Exacerbated Raynaud's Phenomenon in Hospitalized Scleroderma Patients
Authors: Seyedmardani Seyed Mostafa , Aghdashi Mir Amir , Soltani Shaida , Zonouz Golshan Kamali
Published: October 2021

Background/Aims:

Raynaud's phenomenon by episodically reversible constriction of
the arteries in the fingers and toes causes pain, numbness, sores, and gangrene. However, the treatment
of Raynaud's phenomenon is one of the clinical issues. Recent studies have shown that botulinum
toxin is considered a potential and effective therapeutic option for improving finger blood
circulation in patients with Raynaud's syndrome. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic
effect of botulinum toxin type A on exacerbated Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with
scleroderma.

Methods:

In this prospective study, 11 patients with systemic scleroderma who were referred due
to aggravated Raynaud's were included. For all patients, questionnaires were filled up, and physical
examination was performed separately for both treatment and control hands, and then similar volumes
of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) and normal saline were randomly injected.

Results:

The results showed that there was a significant difference in Raynaud's score (P = 0.001),
Quick-Dash score (P = 0.01), Mc-Cabe cold score (P = 0.003), the mean frequency of recurrences
arracks (P = 0.01), pain (0.005) P = 0), skin color (P = 0.01), and duration of Raynaud's phenomenon
(P = 0.006) between the intervention and control groups after two months.

Conclusion:

Following Botox injection, a significant improvement in terms of various Raynaud's
parameters as well as the clinical manifestations was observed in the intervention group. Together,
botulinum toxin type A could retrieve the hand function, the cold sensitivity, and the painful feeling
caused by Raynaud's syndrome.
Associated Factors with the Severity of Hip Involvement in Spondyloarthritis and Efficacy of TNF α Inhibitors in these Patients
Authors: Slouma Maroua , Rahmouni Safa , Dhahri Rim , Cheour Elhem , Gharsallah Imen , Metoui Leila , Louzir Bassem
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Hip involvement in patients with spondyloarthritis is responsible for disability
and functional impairment. Its treatment is not codified.
Our study aimed to determine the associated factors with moderate and severe hip involvement in
spondyloarthritis patients. It also aimed to assess the efficacy of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors
(TNFi) on hip disease.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study, including 44 spondyloarthritis patients with hip involvement.
Hip involvement was diagnosed based on radiographic findings. We assessed the following
parameters: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing
Spondylitis Radiology Index (BASRI), patient global assessment (PGA), and Lequesne index. We
compared these parameters and the mean radiographic joint space width between the time of the
study to those right before the use of TNFi.

Results:

Hip involvement was bilateral in 31 patients. The mean age was 44.56±12.21 years. There
were 29 men. Severe and moderate involvement (BASRI-hip>3) was reported in 21 hips from 75
affected. These patients were older and had longer diagnosis delays than patients with BASRI-
hip<3. They had a higher body mass index and more limited spine mobility (BASMI). Functional
hip impairment assessed by the Lequesne index was higher in these patients.
TNFi prescribed in 23 patients with hip involvement, led to an improvement in the Lequesne index
(12.75 vs 7.5, p: 0.001) and PGA (7 vs 2, p: 0.001). However, the mean joint space width remained
unchanged (3.8 vs 3.7mm, p: 0.532).

Conclusion :

Our study showed that higher body mass and Lequesne indexes are associated with
moderate and severe hip involvement. TNFi may improve both the Lequesne index and PGA and
stabilize the radiological findings.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Mandibular Third Molar Calcification at Chronological Age and Hand Wrist Maturation Stage to Discriminate Between Female and Male at Pubertal Growth Period
Authors: Mardiati Endah , Komara Ira , Halim Himawan , Kurnia Dikdik , Maskoen Ani Melani
Published: October 2021

Background:

The mandibular third molar is the last tooth that is not completely developed by the time pubertal growth has been finished. Maturation of the mandibular third molar is one of the physiological maturation indicators that can be used to determine the stage of pubertal growth.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of mandibular third molar calcification at chronological age and hand wrist maturation stage to discriminate between female and male at pubertal growth period.

Methods:

It is a retrospective study with a cross-sectional approach using panoramic and hand-wrist digital radiographs of 279 females and 144 males, age 8-17 years, with a total of 423 panoramic radiographs and 423 hand-wrist radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel Mega Stat. ANOVA to analyze the differences between mandibular third molar calcification at chronological age and hand-wrist maturation stage, and t-test was used to analyze the differences between females and males. Spearman rank correlation was used for the analysis of the correlation between mandibular third molar calcification with chronological age and hand-wrist maturation stage; sensitivity and specificity were used to discriminate the pubertal growth period between mandibular third molar calcification and hand-wrist maturation stage.

Results:

There were significant differences found in mandibular third molar crown maturation stage B and C, but no significant difference was observed between mandibular third molar stage A, D, E, F, G and H, between females and males. The highest percentage of mandibular third molar crown formation in females was observed at stage D (6.68%) at MP3u, and in males, it was observed at stage D (8.83%) at SMI-4. The highest percentage of root formation in females was stage E (8.24%) at the SMI-10 stage, and males stage F (4.86%) at MP3u. The correlation was observed between mandibular third molar calcification with hand-wrist, females 0.22 and males 0.43, and chronological age 0.60 for females and 0.69 for males. The highest sensitivity of mandibular third molar calcification of 97.0% was observed in female at SMI-4 of hand-wrist maturation with specificity of 100%, while in male, a sensitivity of 94.5% was observed at SMI-2 stage with a specificity of 99.99%.

Conclusion:

There were significant differences found in mandibular third molar calcification between females and males except for stage B and stage C; weak correlation was observed between mandibular third molar calcification and hand-wrist, and moderate correlation was observed with chronological age. The sensitivity and specificity in females and males indicate that mandibular third molar calcification is only useful for diagnosing the pre-pubertal growth phase.
Surface Morphological Changes and Predisposition to Staining in Dental Enamel Bleached with Different Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrations
Authors: Guimarães Douglas Magno , de Paula Brennda Lucy Freitas , Rodrigues Luciane Margalho , Costi Hilton Túlio , Ghislain Rogez Hervé Louis , Silva Cecy Martins
Published: October 2021

Background:

The tooth bleaching treatment can cause structural changes in the surfaces of the teeth; these changes can increase the absorption of staining agents.

Purpose:

This study assessed surface morphological changes and predisposition to staining in dental enamel bleached with different hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations, with or without the use of a light source (LS).

Methods:

25 bovine incisor specimens were divided into five groups (n = 5): Control- no treatment; HP35 - hydrogen peroxide 35%; HP35+LED - hydrogen peroxide 35% + light emission; HP20 - hydrogen peroxide 20%; and HP7 - hydrogen peroxide 7,5%. Twenty days after bleaching, the specimens were immersed in staining solutions four hours a day for 28 days. The morphological alterations of the bovine enamel surface were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy and predisposition to the staining of the brightened enamel by means of colorimetry.

Results:

ANOVA with Tukey's test (p<0.05) showed that HP7 had the highest ΔL values (p=0.176) (brightest), with a better lightening effect. The bleached groups exhibited morphological changes in the enamel. The groups did not exhibit significant changes in oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus values (p=0.020). The presence or absence of light was not significant (p=0.007) for the predisposition to staining in bleached teeth.

Conclusion:

The time of exposure to the staining solution was significant for staining bovine dental enamel. High concentrations of HP were not necessary for achieving effective bleaching. HP caused an increase in enamel porosity and depressions. The light source did not influence bleaching.
Rehabilitation of Atrophic Posterior Mandible with Vertical Ridge Augmentation with Resorbable Membrane: Case Report with 3-Year Follow-up
Authors: Landázuri Del Barrio Ricardo Andrés , Braga Miziara Luciano Nascimento , Al Houch Alia Oka , Sendyk Wilson Roberto , Roman-Torres Caio Vinicius Gonçalves , Castro Pimentel Angélica , Fonseca Marão Heloisa
Published: October 2021

Background:

The placement of implants in the posterior mandible with the vertical bone defect can be associated with inadequate crown height space. Therefore, the vertical bone reconstruction of these defects is often necessary, although this procedure is technically challenging.

Methods:

A 49-year-old patient attended a private dental office for rehabilitation of an atrophic posterior mandible. The clinical and tomographic findings show absence of teeth #36, #37, #46, #47, and #48 with severe atrophy. Vertical bone augmentation was performed by using the guided bone regeneration technique with pericardium resorbable membrane followed by placement of short implants. The free gingival graft was performed, and after three months, screw-retained lithium disilicate single ceramic crowns were manufactured.

Results:

After a 3-years follow-up, bone loss around the implants or presence of gingival inflammation was not observed, and the prosthesis adaptation was found to have no alteration either. Therefore, aesthetics, as well as masticatory and speech functions, were preserved.

Conclusion:

There was no bone loss around the implants. The association between vertically guided bone regeneration using pericardium resorbable membrane is an alternative technique, and it avoids complications related to non-resorbable membrane exposure. It was shown to be viable after a 3-year follow-up.
Immunopharmacological Properties of VitD3: 1, 25VitD3 Modulates Regulatory
T Cells and Th17 Cells and the Cytokine Balance in PBMCs from
Women with Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (URSA)
Authors: Gao Jiefan , Wang Li , Bu Lei , Song Yangyang , Huang Xiao , Zhao Jing
Published: October 2021

Background:

VitD3 may contribute to a successful pregnancy through modulation of
immune responses. Therefore, VitD3 deficiency may have a role in the immunopathogenesis of unexplained
recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). However, the mechanisms of immunomodulatory
actions of VitD3 in decreasing the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion have not been understood
well.

Objective:

The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of 1,25VitD3 on regulatory
T cells /Th17 axis, the gene expressions and concentrations of related cytokines including, TGF-β,
IL-10, IL-6, IL-23, and IL-17A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy women
as a control group and women with URSA.

Method:

Isolation of PBMCs was performed from peripheral blood of the subjects of the studied
groups (20 women with URSA as a case group, and 20 control women). The effects of 1,25VitD3
(50 nM, for 24 hours) on the studied parameters were evaluated and were compared to the positive
and negative controls in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis was used to determine the percentages of
regulatory T cells and Th17 cells. For gene expression measurement and cytokines assay, Realtime
PCR and ELISA were carried out.

Results:

The proportion of regulatory T cells was markedly lower, while the proportion of Th17
cells in women with URSA was considerably higher than in the control group (P=0.01, P=0.01).
The ratio of the frequency of Tregs to the baseline (1,25VitD3/Untreated) increased, while the ratio
of the frequency of Th17 cells to the baseline decreased in women with URSA relative to the controls
(P= 0.01, P=0.04). 1,25VitD3 increased IL-10 expressions at both the protein and mRNA levels
in PBMCs in women with URSA relative to the control group (P=0.0001, P=0.04). TGF-β levels
in the cultured supernatants decreased significantly in the case group in the presence of 1,25Vit-
D3 relative to the controls (P=0.03). 1,25VitD3 treatment also significantly decreased gene expressions
of IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-23 in PBMCs of women with URSA (P=0.01, P=0.001, P=0.0005),
as well as the levels of those cytokines in cell culture supernatants (P=0.03, P=0.02, P=0.01, respectively)
in women with URSA relative to the controls.

Conclusion:

According to the findings of this research, modulation of immune responses by
1,25VitD3 is accomplished by strengthening Tregs function and inhibiting inflammatory responses
of Th17 cells, which may have a positive impact on pregnancy outcome. Thus, as an immunomodulating
agent, VitD3 may be effective in reducing the risk of URSA.
Isocarpine as A New Peperidine Alkaloid from Adenocarpus Complicatus
with Anticandidal Activity
Authors: Alhilal Mohammad , Alhilal Suzan , Gomha Sobhi , Ouf Salama
Published: October 2021

Background:

Adenocarpus complicatus L. is one of Adenocarpus genus, which has
about 50 species, from Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) family. This plant is found in the Mediterranean
basin as a southern west part of Europe and North Afric forestes

Objective:

Isolation of Isocarpine From Adenocarpus Complicatus as Anticandidal Agent method
A new piperidine alkaloid Isocarpine was isolated from the aerial parts of Adenocarpus complicatus
L., which is gross in Syria. The structure of the new compound was determined by UV, IR, EIMs,
1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT-135, DQF-COSY and HMQC.

Results:

The anticandidal activity of isocarpine was screened against 38 Candida strains and
showed remarkable inhibitory effect compared with fluconazole as an antifungal reference drug.

Conclusion:

Isocarpine is antifungal agent.
Mnemonic Discrimination in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Aldi Giulia Anna , Mansueto Giovanni , Albert Umberto , Melter Claudia Cumerlato , Maina Giuseppe , Cosci Fiammetta
Published: October 2021

Background:

Fear generalization is an adaptive mechanism which enables
an individual to appropriately respond to novel stimuli based on overlapping
features with a learned threat stimulus. When it is maladaptive, it is named
overgeneralization. Overgeneralization was observed in psychiatric disorders, including
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Overgeneralization seems to be
related to mnemonic discrimination, a fundamental component of memory which
encodes a given event as distinct from highly similar events. Mnemonic discrimination
is thought to rely on Pattern Separation (PS), which plays a critical role in
discriminating safe stimuli similar to threatening ones. PS performance showed
to be impaired in patients with some psychiatric disorders but has never been
studied in OCD.

Objective:

Mnemonic discrimination for context, used as a proxy of pattern separation,
was measured in patients with OCD to verify whether it is related to overgeneralization.

Method:

Thirty patients with OCD and 30 non-psychiatric controls were enrolled
(matched for sex, age). The Mnemonic Similarity Task-Object and the
Mnemonic Similarity Task-Contest were administered to assess PS performance.

Results:

When patients with OCD and controls were compared, statistically significant
differences were not found for mnemonic performances and pattern separation.
Based on multivariate regression analysis, the group of patients with OCD
was more likely to report lower mnemonic discrimination for context (OR =
0.67, 95% CI = 0.48-0.93) than the control group.

Conclusion:

Mnemonic discrimination for context was specifically referred to as
new lures misidentified as similar. It is hypothesized that pattern separation performances
might discriminate patients with OCD from non-psychiatric subjects.
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Physical Activity and Wellness Behaviors in College Students Throughout a School Year: Longitudinal Naturalistic Study
Authors: Bai Yang , Copeland William E , Burns Ryan , Nardone Hilary , Devadanam Vinay , Rettew Jeffrey , Hudziak James
Published: October 2021

Background

The Wellness Environment app study is a longitudinal study focused on promoting health in college students.

Objective

The two aims of this study were (1) to assess physical activity (PA) variation across the days of the week and throughout the academic year and (2) to explore the correlates that were associated with PA, concurrently and longitudinally.

Methods

The participants were asked to report their wellness and risk behaviors on a 14-item daily survey through a smartphone app. Each student was provided an Apple Watch to track their real time PA. Data were collected from 805 college students from Sept 2017 to early May 2018. PA patterns across the days of the week and throughout the academic year were summarized. Concurrent associations of daily steps with wellness or risk behavior were tested in the general linear mixed-effects model. The longitudinal, reciprocal association between daily steps and health or risk behaviors were tested with cross-lagged analysis.

Results

Female college students were significantly more active than male ones. The students were significantly more active during the weekday than weekend. Temporal patterns also revealed that the students were less active during Thanksgiving, winter, and spring breaks. Strong concurrent positive correlations were found between higher PA and self-reported happy mood, 8+ hours of sleep, ≥1 fruit and vegetable consumption, ≥4 bottles of water intake, and ≤2 hours of screen time (P<.001). Similar longitudinal associations found that the previous day’s wellness behaviors independently predicted the following day’s higher PA except for mood. Conversely, the higher previous-day PA levels were associated with better mood, more fruit and vegetable consumption, and playing less music, but with higher liquor consumption the next day.

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive surveillance of longitudinal PA patterns and their independent association with a variety of wellness and risk behaviors in college students.