bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Formation of a Multifilament Yarn from Crystallizing and Amorphic High-Heat Resistant Thermoplastics
Authors: Musov Ismel V. , Slonov Azamat L. , Zhansitov Azamat A. , Kurdanova Zhanna I. , Khashirova Svetlana
Published: October 2020

In laboratory conditions, the molding process was simulated by extrusion of a multifilament yarn with a diameter of the monofilament equal 250-350 μm from high performance plastics. The possibility of obtaining a microfilament bundle of polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide and polyetherimide using a specially made forming head is shown. The technological modes of extrusion have been worked out, which makes it possible to obtain thermoplastic fibers from the studied thermoplastics. It was revealed that the obtained microfilaments can be subjected to post-processing by cold drawing to reduce their diameter by 40-70 %.
Concerning the Application Possibility of Ultrasonic Welding of Textile Materials on the Basis of Synthetic Fibres in the Manufacturing Processes of Parachute Systems
Authors: Azanova Albina A. , Galimzyanova Rezeda Yu. , Khisamiyeva Lyutziya G.
Published: October 2020

The application possibility of ultrasonic () welding in the technological process of the canopies of braking parachute systems manufacturing for the unmanned aerial vehicles was considered. The subjects of research were parachute fabrics (100 % capron), manufactured by with different surface weight, weave and type of finish. Welding modes were chosen. The obtained welded seams had no defects and met the requirements of technical standard documentation, with the increase of the distance between the welding spots, the welding strength of the welded seam was decreased by 10–40 %. The strength of the seams at the “in shear” test is on the average 2-3 times larger than at the gripping method test. The draft of the nozzle-roll for executing the spotted welded seams was proposed. The calculations suggested that the application of the welded seams instead of sewn seams would allow the reduction of the costs for sewing threads during the manufacturing of the canopy to 50 % and the significant reduction of the labour requirement.
Exploring the Complexation of Counterion in Novel Family of Polyelectrolytes with Unexpected Solubility Behaviour
Authors: Bersenev Egor A. , Maryasevskaya Alina , Komov Evgenii V. , Anokhin Denis V. , Ivanov Dimitri A.
Published: October 2020

In the present paper we study the effect of complexation in linear negatively charged polyelectrolytes with different alkali ions. With combination of IR-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanocalorimetry, we attempted to explain unusual solubility, crystallinity and thermal stability of these polymers. The increase of thermal stability and insolubility in water in series of semi-crystalline polysalts as K+ ≤ H+ <Na+ was explained by effectiveness of formation of chelating complex. Insoluble in water sodium salt shows the highest thermal stability of crystal phase up to . In contrast, well soluble in water amorphous lithium salt does not self-organize in chelating complex and is presented in ionic form.
Sealing Materials Based on Polymers
Authors: Galimzyanova Rezeda Yu. , Lisanevich Maria S. , Khakimullin Yuri N.
Published: October 2020

Polymer-based sealing materials currently play a large and important role in almost all areas of industry. The use of sealants can increase the energy saving of building structures, the safety of vehicles, etc. Sealants are equally used in such specialized applications as the aerospace field, and are also used to solve everyday problems, such as sealing plumbing. The main consumption of sealants is in construction and automotive. This review provides data on the global and domestic market for sealing materials; The basic terms and definitions used in the field of adhesive and sealing materials are analyzed. The main differences between the terms adhesive and sealant are discussed. The classification of sealants is given in accordance with modern international regulatory documents. It is disassembled that they are one-component reactive hot-melt sealants. Their main advantages and disadvantages are listed. It is noted that the development of the industry of sealing materials is likely to move towards the development of moisture-curing compositions based on silane-modified polymers. This assumption is supported by a fairly detailed classification of silane-modified polymers in the FEICA classification guide for sealants and adhesives.
Effects of Electrolyte Substitution on the Specific Capacitance and Equivalent Series Resistance of Energy Storage Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Authors: Fantin L.B. , Yoshikawa D.S. , Galego E. , Faria R.N.
Published: October 2020

The microstructure, chemical composition, equivalent series resistance (ESR) and specific capacitance (Cs) of supercapacitors electrodes have been investigated. Commercial activated carbon electrodes employing organic electrolyte have been tested at a potential window of 1.1 and 2.7 V. Specific capacitances were calculated from cyclic voltammetry curves at room temperature employing various scan rates (2-70 mVs-1). Internal resistances of the supercapacitors were calculated using the galvanostatic cycling curves at several current densities (10-175 mAg-1). A maximum specific capacity of 58 Fg-1 has been achieved with the organic electrolyte at a current density of 30 mAg-1 and a potential window of 2.7V. After this initial study, the organic electrolyte was removed from the electrodes by back pumping vacuum. Two new aqueous electrolytes have been substituted in the commercial electrodes for a comparison: Na2SO4 and KOH (1.0 mol.L-1). At a discharge density of 75 mAg-1, the electrodes with KOH showed a maximum specific capacitance of 53 Fg-1 whereas the Na2SO4 showed only 6 Fg-1. ESR of the electrodes with organic electrolyte and KOH were in the range of 20 Ωcm2 whereas with Na2SO4 of 14 Ωcm2. The microstructures of the electrode material have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical microanalyses employing energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). A compositional and morphological evaluation of these electrodes showed a very homogeneous structure.
Evaluation of the Influence of the Reaction Medium of the Microstructure of Magnesium Oxide Nanopartícles
Authors: Duarte Glaucea Warmeling , Neto Alexandre Martins , Anzolin Caroline , Silva Lucinao Luiz , de Mello Josiane Maria Muneron , Soares Cintia , Fiori Márcio Antônio , Riella Humberto Gracher
Published: October 2020

The increase in researches related to nanomaterials has provided innovation and enhancement of the properties of innumerous materials. Among the materials frequently studied, magnesium oxide can be cited because of its many industrial applications, mainly in the chemical and electronics sectors. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles, as well as other nanomaterials, can be produced by several routes of synthesis, and the characteristics of the route chosen may change the microstructure and properties of the nanoparticles. However, despite the general consensus that the synthesis variables affect the characteristics and properties of the nanoparticles, much still needs to be studied. Among these variables, the reactive environment is one of the factors that influence considerably and about which there are still few studies. In this work, it was evaluated, using the sol-gel synthesis method, how the modification of the solvent, water or ethyl alcohol, affects the morphology and purity of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles, as well as the yield of the synthesis reactions. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, surface area analysis via BET, FEG-MEV and EDS. The results indicated that the nanoparticles obtained by route using ethyl alcohol as solvent have a larger crystallite and particle size, besides the synthesis reactions have a higher yield. In addition, by the analysis of surface area and pore volume, they present a lower surface area and lower pore volume, in relation to the route that uses water as solvent. Thus, it was possible to conclude that altering the solvent of the reaction, even if all other synthesis conditions are maintained, significant modifications are observed in the morphology of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles and also in the reaction yield.
Characterization of Nanostructured Mn-Zn Ferrites Synthesized by Coprecipitation Method Using CTAB
Authors: Maranhão Willian C.A. , Ichikawa Rodrigo U. , Turrillas X. , Yoshito Walter Kenji , Saeki Margarida Juri , Orlando Marcos Tadeu D'azeredo , Martinez Luís Gallego
Published: October 2020

In this work it was investigated the influence of CTAB surfactant concentration on the synthesis of the compound Mn0.75Zn0.25Fe2O4 by the coprecipitation method. It was also compared the influence of hydrothermal treatment on the synthesized materials. The magnetic properties were characterized by AC susceptometry for the determination of the magnetic susceptibility and magnetic density energy. The phases, crystal structure and morphology of the nanoferrites were determined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data. It was found the presence of two phases: Franklinite and Akaganeite and it was shown that the samples synthesized only by coprecipitation presented the tendency to increasing the crystallite sizes of the akaganeite phase and decreasing of crystallite sizes of the Franklinite phase as a function of CTAB concentration. The samples submitted to subsequent hydrothermal treatment presented a tendency to decreasing the crystallite sizes of both phases and increasing in Franklinite phase fraction, compared to the samples synthesized only by coprecipitation, suggesting that the hydrothermal treatment was effective in obtaining nanostructured materials of smaller particles.
Limestone Waste Incorporation in Clayey Mass for Rustic Ceramic Tiles Manufacturing
Authors: Santos A.M.M. , Prado A.C.A. , Matos M.B.M. , Feitosa P.H.A. , Feitosa J.H.A. , Alves T.M.E.
Published: October 2020

In the south of Ceará (Brazil), Cariri region, there is a production center for roof tiles and bricks. At that same region, there has been an expressive mining of laminated limestone, known as Pedra Cariri (Cariri Stone), which has produced large amounts of CaCO3-rich waste, that causes undesirable impacts to the environment. This work aimed to analyze the feasibility of producing rustic ceramic tiles, made up of clayey masses used in the region with the addition of this waste, aiming at the diversification of red ceramic products in a sustainable way. The mixtures were pressed, fired in maximum firing temperature which varies from 750° to 1150oC and had their physical-mechanical characteristics tested. The results indicated that the clayey mass is composed of kaolinite, feldspar and quartz, while montmorillonite and/or vermiculite is only found in roof tile clayey mass. The waste is mainly made of calcite. In general, the values of water absorption were compatible with porous rustic ceramic tile and the addition of Pedra Cariri waste provided lower values of firing shrinkage as well as the increase of the flexural strength. The samples of roof tile clayey mass (10% of waste at 850°C and at 1150°C) obtained physical-mechanical property values that match Brazilian technical norms to BIII type ceramic tile. Therefore, the mixture formulated with tile clayey mass and limestone waste presents potential to be utilized in the manufacture of ceramic roof tiles.
Behavior of Mortar with the Addition of Sugar Cane’s Ash Residues
Authors: Castro Sarah B. , Castro Martha N. , Castro Rodrigo M.
Published: October 2020

Ashes from sugar cane’s residues is quantitively the greatest mineral residue generated from sugar ethanol industries which represent high calorific value, being able to be employed in a variety of products. In this present paper, it is proposed as final objective to analyze the viability of the partial substitution of this residue in mortar, study the resistance to axial compression and determine the influence of the residue utilization as alternative source to construction materials. Based on these mechanical tests, the results reveal the substitution of up to 10% (T1) of the cbc results in the production of a mortar within the developed standards in the experiment, fitting in the P6 Class of resistance to compression mortar for settlement and lining and roofs in the Technical Norm NBR 13.281:2005, leading towards superior values higher than 8MPa.
The Use of Thermogravimetric Analysis to Characterize the Metallic Slag Aggregates in Structural Concrete
Authors: de Medeiros Tiziana Azario , Fischer Eliane Kujat , Amoresi Rafael Aparecido Ciola , Zaghete Maria Aparecida , Stropa Jusinei Meireles , de Oliveira Lincoln Carlos Silva , Cavalheiro Alberto Adriano
Published: October 2020

Structural concretes must have a set of chemical characteristics to present a satisfactory resistance to the degradation in environment conditions. Besides the several types of mineralogical compositions, the calcium-rich sulfates, silicates and aluminates phases appear as majority components, but the gypsum one seems to play the most important rule in morphological changes during the concrete cure. In this work, it was carried out several characterizations in commercial Portland cement and the structural concrete sample. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K for Portland cement showed the thermal treatment at 500 oC does not undergo significant decreasing in surface area due the high content of porous silicates and aluminates components. The additional resistance to the corrosion of structural concretes exposed at environment conditions can be associated to presence of slag metallic aggregates, which could be characterized successfully by thermal analysis. The amount of embedded metallic component in concrete sample was detected by typical weight gain originated form oxygen incorporation above 700 oC.
Selective Laser Sintering of Biomaterials and Composites State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Schappo Henrique , Piaia Lya , Hotza Dachamir , Salmoria Gean Vitor
Published: October 2020

Human bone has a complex geometry, varying its structure and composition. Additive manufacturing processes, such as selective laser sintering (SLS), can produce bone scaffolds with a wide range of biomaterials. Through SLS a complex structure with highly interconnected porous can be fabricated from a combination of materials. Composites made from biopolymers and bioceramics have shown promising results for bone regeneration, although some properties still must be enhanced. Finding suitable processing parameters is mandatory to achieve required final properties. This review paper is focused on polymer/ceramics using SLS machines in the last 10 years.
Microstructural Characterization and Mathematical Modeling for Determination of Volume Fraction of Eutectoid Mixture of the Cu-8.5wt% Sn Alloy Obtained by Unidirectional Upward Solidification
Authors: da Cruz Ricardo Aparecido , dos Santos Givanildo Alves , Nascimento Mauricio Silva , Frajuca Carlos , Nakamoto Francisco Yastami , da Silva Márcio Rodrigues , dos Santos Vinícius Torres , Batalha Gilmar Ferreira , Couto Antônio Augusto
Published: October 2020

The Cu-8.5wt % Sn alloy presents an extensive microsegregation during its solidification. That microsegregation results in the formation of a eutectoid mixture, which is detrimental to subsequent forming processes. This study deals with the influence of solidification time and cooling rate on the microstructure of that alloy. The unidirectional solidification technique allowed the acquisition of thermal data. The optical microscopy enabled the microstructural characterization of the material, the measurement of dendrite arm spacings and the quantification of the volume fraction of the eutectoid mixture. A semi-analytical mathematical model was proposed to estimate the volume fraction of the eutectoid mixture. The model expresses the volume fraction as an implicit function of the Fourier number. The results showed that the microstructure is dendritic and that the characteristic spacings increase with the solidification time between theliquidusand the peritectic temperatures. The data also showed that for higher cooling rates the dendrite arm spacings are smaller and that there is a tendency for the volume fraction of eutectoid mixture in the columnar zone to increase with the Fourier number and to decrease with the cooling rate. The proposed model allowed obtaining values of volume fraction with the same order of magnitude of the experimental data, but with behavior tendency opposite to that observed.
Mechanical Resistance of High-Speed Steels Cr-W-Mo-V, Si-Mn-Cr-Mo-V-Co, Si-Mn-Cr-Mo-V and Si-Mn-Cr-Mo-V-Co Heat Treated
Authors: Neto J.C. de Macêdo , da Costa J.C.M. , Teixeira E.R.S. , Teixeira Júnior R.M. , de Oliveira J.B. , Barros T.G. , Maquiné T.M. , Kieling A.C. , Pino G.G.d.
Published: October 2020

In the Metal Market, it has been important to understand the structure of steels, so that it is possible to develop new cutting materials at lower costs and more resistant to high temperatures and wear. This is possible by raising the mechanical strength for solid solution in fast steels, ie, addition of alloying elements to the steel in its solid state, the alloys fundamental to this process were: cobalt, manganese, silicon, tungsten and vanadium. Among the thermal treatments, tempering and quenching were used to raise the degree of hardness and strength of the steel. The samples studied were high speed steels HS6-5-3, HS6-5-3-5, K190 e K390. Hardness and metallographic tests were carried out on the samples and with the results generated, it was possible to draw a comparison and understand which alloying elements provide the least oxidation, corrosion and greater impact strength of fast steel.
Study of Corrosion of AA 3003 Aluminum in Biodiesel, Diesel, Ethanol and Gasoline Media
Authors: Soares M. , Berbel Larissa Oliveira , Vieira C. , Oliszeski D.C.S. , Furstenberger C.B. , Banczek Everson do Prado
Published: October 2020

The contact between fuels and various metals used in vehicles make them susceptible to corrosion. Aluminum is a metal widely used in automotive components owing to its corrosion resistance as well as mechanical properties. The ABNT 14359 standard establishes a method for determining fuel corrosion; however, it is restricted to copper and fossil fuels. In this standard, corrosion is assessed qualitatively by visual comparison of patterns, which can lead to uncertain results. The methodology used in this study involves the immersion of metallic materials in fuels for a specific period of time for further analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical analysis by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and anodic potentiodynamic polarization (APP). The results indicated that aluminum alloy AA 3003 is suitable for use in the production of vehicle components that will be in contact with biodiesel, diesel, ethanol, or gasoline, since no serious case of corrosion occurred.
Influence of Degradation on the Ballistic Behavior of Aramid Fabric Reinforced Polymeric Armor Composites
Authors: de Castro Monsores Karollyne Gomes , Weber Ricardo Pondé , Monteiro Sergio Neves
Published: October 2020

Polymeric fibers are used for reinforcement of composites in all kinds of applications, from sport and recreation products to military equipment. Since these fibers have high energy absorption on ballistic impact, the defense industry uses them to manufacture lightweight armor. In many cases, armors are exposed to degradation agents such as heat, humidity, and radiation. The macromolecular changes of polymer fibers exposed to degradation agents can affect the mechanical and ballistic properties of the composite. The present work studies the ballistic performance of aromatic polyamide (aramid) fabric-reinforced composite using two different matrices, degraded by gamma radiation. The results suggest that gamma radiation can change the penetration failure mechanism of the composite in a variety of ways depending on the matrix, compromising its performance.
Metallic Surface Coating of Polymeric Parts Produced by Additive Manufacturing Process
Authors: de Almeida Victor Hugo Martins , Pisani Marcelo Bento , Camargo Jose Carlos , Sousa Ericksson Fabiano Moura , Gomes Vaneide , Almeida Erica Cristina
Published: October 2020

Metal coating films were deposited on the surface of the pieces of non-conducting polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA). These three polymers have been used since they are the main raw materials available for fusion and deposition molding equipment. In order to achieve surface metallization by electrodeposition, it was necessary to apply a pre-treatment using the chemical polymerization technique in solution with the electroconductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) was deposited on the specimens. A uniform layer of PPy was deposited on the surface of the specimens of the ABS and HIPS polymers, while in the specimen of the polymer PLA this layer showed uniformity faults. After this pretreatment was possible to perform copper electrodeposition, creating the metallic coatings on the ABS / PPy, HIPS / PPy and PLA / PPy surfaces. This metallic coating was uniform in all specimens except the one of the PLA polymer that was not sanded. The adhesion of the coating was evaluated by the adhesion test with tape and the quality of the appearance (absence of visual defects), the morphology, the uniformity, the thickness, the conductivity and the adhesion quality of the films were analyzed.
Modifications of Titanium and Zirconium Alloy Surfaces for Use as Dental Implants
Authors: Leite Daniela Maria Cerqueira , de Alencar Maicon Cavalieri , Mucsi Cristiano Stefano , Sousa Araujo João Victor , Tavarese Pereira Luiz Alberto , Berbel Larissa Oliveira , Aranha Luís Cláudio , Rossi Jesualdo Luiz
Published: October 2020

The use of dental implants of titanium and its alloys has proved to be effective, through well established and documented parameters, both in the dimensions and in the manufacturing processes and also in the surgical techniques. There are clinical situations where there is a need to reduce the diameter of the implants, below 3.75 mm in diameter. In the current state of art of the implant technology it is desirable that these also have surfaces capable of decreasing the period of osseointegration. In the present work, to improve the mechanical strength of the material, an alloy of 80% of Ti and 20% of Zr % in mass was proposed and elaborated, aiming its use as biomaterial. Physical, chemical, microstructural and mechanical characterization was carried out. The surfaces of the treated samples were observed using: scanning electron microscopy (SEM); semi quantitatively chemically analyzed using dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS: wettability of the samples was determined and, finally, the roughness was measured using optical profilometry. For the conditions used in the present work, it was concluded, that the best surface treatment for the TiZr 80/20 alloy was acid etching with 1% vol. hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes, as this treatment presented the most prominent results of wettability and roughness simultaneously.
SARS-CoV-2 INFECTED PATIENTS: FROM A HEMATOLOGIST PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kreidieh Firas , Temraz Sally
Published: October 2020

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 has become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Understanding the hematologic findings of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential to promote their care and improve outcomes.

 

Objective:In this review, we aim at summarizing changes in the hematopoietic system and hemostasis that occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

 

Findings: COVID-19 infection is often associated with laboratory hematologic findings that can have important clinical implications. Careful revision of baseline hematologic findings at diagnosis can predict severity of illness and help clinicians tailor their management and approach to patients whose condition can be guarded or critical.This can be of therapeutic and prognostic value in severely ill patients and can reduce the mortality rate from COVID-19.  Such markers include D-dimer, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, viral load, cytokine storm, and lymphopenia.Studies have also shown an association between these markers and severe COVID-19 infection requiring admission to the intensive care unit or complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). According to the American Society of Hematology (ASH), all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 should receive pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis with LMWH.

 

Conclusion:Until more data arises, the summary we provide can be used by hematologists to better understand hemostasis in COVID-19 infected patients.We are in need for more studies to define appropriate management plans in the setting of hematologic findings.
Combination of Ellagic Acid and Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Alleviates Aging-Induced Cognitive Impairment via Modulation of Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory and Apoptotic Mediators in the Prefrontal Cortex of Aged Rats
Authors: Pan Zengjun , He Xining , Zhou Xianwen , Li Xiaoqiang , Rong Bo , Wang Fenglu
Published: October 2020

Cognitive impairments are associated with advancing age. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and ellagic acid (ELA) have multiplex activities to reduce various age-related cognitive disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of these compounds separately or in combination on the cognitive outcomes, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory and apoptotic mediators in aged male Wistar rats. Thirty-two old (22 months old) and eight young (5 months old) rats were randomly allocated to five groups of young control, aged control, ELA-aged, CIN-aged, and ELA + CIN-aged. ELA (15 mg/kg, orally) and CIN (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) separately or in combination were administered for 1 month in aged animals. Spatial memory and cognitive activity were evaluated by the Barnes maze and novel object recognition tests. Mitochondrial function (its reactive oxygen species [ROS], mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level), pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and pro-apoptotic caspase 3 and Bax, and anti-apoptotic Bcl2 levels and their ratio were assessed in the prefrontal cortex. Behavioral results revealed that CIN separately or in combination with ELA significantly alleviates aging-induced memory impairment. Moreover, co-administration of agents effectively decreased inflammatory cytokines, cleaved-caspase 3, Bax and Bax/Bcl2 levels, mitochondrial ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization and increased Bcl2 and ATP level as compared with untreated aged control rats. Combination therapy was greater than those of individual treatments in all parameters. Therefore, combination therapy with CIN and ELA improved aging-induced cognitive impairment through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and mitochondrial-boosting effects in aged rats.
Tocolytic Effect of the Monoterpenic Phenol Isomer, Carvacrol, on the Pregnant Rat Uterus
Authors: Muñoz-Pérez Victor Manuel , Ortiz Mario I. , Gerardo-Muñoz Lilian S. , Cariño-Cortés Raquel , Salas-Casas Andrés
Published: October 2020

Despite the wide application of carvacrol (CAR) in different biological and medical areas, there is still insufficient electrophysiological data on the mechanisms of action of CAR, particularly in the pregnant uterine function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro tocolytic effect of CAR on the contractility of isolated pregnant rat uterus in the presence of a calcium channel antagonist (nifedipine) and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin). The uteri were isolated from pregnant Wistar rats at 16–18 days of pregnancy and suspended in an isolated organ bath chamber containing a Ringer's physiological solution and aerated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Samples were used in functional tests to evaluate the inhibitory effect of CAR at increasing concentrations on the rhythmic spontaneous, oxytocin-induced phasic, K+-induced tonic, and Ca2+-induced contractions. The differences in inhibitory concentration-50 and Emax among the compounds were determined using the one-way ANOVA followed by a post
hoc Student-Newman-Keuls or Bonferroni test, in all cases P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Nifedipine was used as positive controls where required. CAR caused a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of the uterine contractions induced by the pharmaco- and electro-mechanic stimuli. We showed that the inhibitory effects of CAR depends on the type of muscle contraction stimuli, and that it acts stronger in spontaneous rhythmic activity and in contractions of isolated rat uterus induced by Ca2+. Nifedipine was more potent than CAR and indomethacin on the uterine contractility (P < 0.05), but none of them was more effective than nifedipine. Therefore, the tocolytic effect induced by CAR was associated with the blockade of the calcium channels in the pregnant rat uterus. This property placed CAR as a potentially safe and effective adjuvant agent in cases of preterm labor, an area of pharmacological treatment that requires urgent improvement.
Acylated and Unacylated Ghrelin Relieve Cancer Cachexia in Mice through Multiple Mechanisms
Authors: Zeng Xianliang , Chen Ping , Zhao Li , Chen Sizeng
Published: October 2020

Cancer cachexia is a wasting syndrome resulting from decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degradation. Calpain-dependent cleavage of myofilament is the initial step of myofilament degradation and plays a critical role in muscle atrophy. Ghrelin is a multifunctional hormone known to improve protein synthesis and inhibit protein degradation. However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here we investigated whether acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) could protect against cancer cachexia in mice bearing CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma. We found for the first time that both AG and UnAG could inhibit calpain activity in skeletal muscle of cancer cachectic mice. AG and UnAG also improved tumor-free body weight, grip strength, muscle mass, epididymal fat mass, and nutritional state in tumor-bearing (TB) mice. Moreover, AG and UnAG reduced serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentration, increased Akt activity, and downregulated atrogin-1 expression in TB mice. Our results may contribute to the development of an AG/UnAG-based therapy for cancer cachexia.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Combined Exercise on Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Its Variability in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Matias Larissa Aparecida Santos , Mariano Igor Moraes , Batista Jaqueline Pontes , de Souza Tállita Cristina Ferreira , Amaral Ana Luiza , Dechichi Juliene Gonçalves Costa , de Lima Rodrigues Mateus , Carrijo Victor Hugo Vilarinho , Cunha Thulio Marquez , Puga Guilherme Morais
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects, and their correlation, after combined aerobic and resistance exercises in blood pressure (BP) and its variability (BPV) in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Fourteen hypertensive postmenopausal women monitored BP at rest and during 24 h by ambulatory BP monitoring in a control day without exercise performance a pretraining (baseline), after an acute exercise session (acute), and after a chronic exercise training for 10 weeks (chronic). After exercise training, systolic BP (SBP, Δ = −150 mmHg.24 h), diastolic BP (DBP, Δ = −96 mmHg.24 h), and mean BP (MBP, Δ = −95 mmHg.24 h) area under the curve were smaller than baseline measurements (P < 0.05) with no difference between acute and baseline measurements. The SBP (ΔSD24 = −2, ΔSDdn = −1.7, and ΔARV24 = −1.9 mmHg), DBP (ΔSD24 = −0.9, ΔSDdn = −0.8, and ΔARV24 = −0.9 mmHg), and MBP (ΔSD24 = −1.5, ΔSDdn = −1.3, and ΔARV24 = −1.2 mmHg) variability reduced in acute session in relation to baseline, with no chronic effects. There are moderate correlations between acute and chronic responses in wake SBP, sleep DBP, and SD24. In conclusion, combined exercise reduces ambulatory BP chronically but not acutely. In contrast, BPV decreases after an acute session but not chronically. Awake SBP, sleep DBP, and SD24 indices are promising candidates to predict individual cardiovascular responses to exercise.
Lenalidomide with Dexamethasone to Multiple Myeloma Patients Relapsing from Bortezomib-Based Induction Therapies
Authors: Tan Tran-Der , Hong Ying-Chung , Li Sin-Syue , Yu Jui-Ting , Sung Yung-Chuan , Wang Po-Nan , Teng Chieh-Lin Jerry
Published: October 2020

Lenalidomide with dexamethasone (Len/Dex) is considered to be an effective and well-tolerated regimen to treat multiple myeloma (MM) patients relapsing after bortezomib induction therapy. With the increase in novel agents targeting refractory and relapsed MM, the identification of clinical or laboratory variables that can predict the appropriate candidates of Len/Dex is essential. To address this question, we prospectively assessed 38 adult MM patients who received bortezomib-based induction therapy and were administered Len/Dex for their first relapse. These 38 patients were stratified into the symptomatic relapse group (n = 10) and biological relapse group (n = 28) according to the disease status when Len/Dex was initiated. The overall response rate in the symptomatic group and biological relapse group was 70.0% (7/10) and 60.7% (17/28), respectively (P = 0.964). These two groups harbored a comparable median Len/Dex treatment duration (139 vs. 225 days; P = 0.876) and progression-free survival 2 (PFS2) (501 vs. 1289 days; P = 0.410). Multivariate analyses failed to show that treating biological relapse (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–3.88; P = 0.648), PFS with bortezomib-based induction therapies ≥18 months (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 0.64–5.01; P = 0.266), autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HR: 2.18; 95% CI: 0.56–8.55; P = 0.262), and high-risk cytogenetics (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.18–3.93; P = 0.835) were attributed to depth of Len/Dex treatment. In conclusion, whether MM patients treated by Len/Dex for biological relapse would have a better outcome than those prescribed for symptomatic relapse remains inconclusive. Treating significant biological relapse and symptomatic relapse remains the current consensus.
Bile duct wall calcification
Authors: Nitesh PNB , Pottakkat B
Published: October 2020

Cavernomatous transformation of the portal vein, seen in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO), can cause impingement or ischemic insult on bile ducts manifesting as “portal cavernoma cholangiopathy” (PCC). Bile duct wall calcification in portal biliopathy is a rare occurrence and has not been reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge. We report a 59-year-old male, a known case of EHPVO, who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy, splenectomy, and splenorenal shunt in the past. The patient had now presented to us in view of recurrent episodes of cholangitis for which a bilioenteric bypass was planned. Intraoperatively, dilated and densely thickened bile ducts with multiple pericholedochal collaterals were noted. Incision of common hepatic duct and left hepatic duct showed completely calcified ductal wall with no visible healthy mucosa. Calcifications were removed partially from the bile duct walls near choledochotomy site. With the anticipation of futile benefit from bilioenteric bypass, Roux-en-Y HJ was abandoned. Hepaticoduodenostomy was done to prevent bile leak from choledochotomy site.
Vitamin D assessment and precision of clinical referrals
Authors: Jose A , Binu AJ , Cherian KE , Kapoor N , Asha HS , Paul TV
Published: October 2020

Objective:

Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent worldwide. This has led to a significant surge in referrals for vitamin D assessment in recent years. The cost-effectiveness and rationalization of this practice is uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the referral pattern for vitamin D testing from a tertiary center in southern India.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study done over a period of one year (2017). A total of 95,750 individuals, referred for vitamin D screening were included in this study. Details regarding referring departments and indications for referral were obtained from the computerized hospital information processing system (CHIPS).

Results:

The study population exhibited a female preponderance (54.1%) with mean (SD) age of 40.3 (18.5) years. Overall, 44% were found to have vitamin D deficiency. Most of the referrals were from nephrology (15.4%), neurology (10.1%), and orthopedics (9.1%). Nevertheless, dermatology, the staff-clinic, and hematology which contributed to 3.3%, 1.7%, and 1.7% of referrals, had a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency of 59.1%, 57.7%, and 64.6%, respectively. Although the most common indications for referral were generalized body aches (20.5%) and degenerative bone disorders (20.1%), the proportion of subjects with vitamin D deficiency referred for these indications were 46.1% and 41.6%, respectively. In contrast, chronic steroid use that accounted for 3.3% of the referrals had 59.1% of subjects who were deficient in vitamin D.

Conclusion:

To ensure a rational approach to vitamin D testing, clinicians ought to use their discretion to screen those truly at risk for vitamin D deficiency on a case to case basis and avoid indiscriminate testing of the same.
Modifiable factors related to 7-year renal outcomes in subjects with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 3
Authors: Huang CH , Chen CP , Huang YY , Hsu BRS
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims:

Subjects with diabetes are prone to a rapid decline in renal function and major adverse cardiovascular events when they reach chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3. This study aimed to identify modifiable risk factors associated with the progression of CKD in this population.

Settings and Design:

An observational cohort study.

Methods and Materials:

A total of 320 type 2 diabetic patients with CKD stage 3 registered in the shared-care-system in our hospital in 2010 were regularly followed up for 7 years. Demographic, laboratory, medication, and fundus examination data of these subjects were collected and analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with changes in CKD stage.

Results:

During the 7-year follow-up period, 204 cases (63.7%) remained at CKD stage 3 while 79 cases (24.7%) progressed to stage 4 or 5 and 37 cases (11.6%) improved to stage 1 or 2. The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the first 2 years and variations in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) over 7 years were independent factors of both progression (hazard ratio (HR) 1.098 and 1.710, respectively) and improvement (HR 0.919 and 0.231, respectively) of CKD stage. Variations in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was also found as an independent factor for progression of renal function (HR 1.052).

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrated that fluctuations in HbA1c and SBP, and changes in eGFR during the first 2 years of treatment were associated with the long-term renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients with CKD stage 3.
Isolated truncal contrapulsion as a rare presentation of acute thalamic infarct
Authors: Sheetal S , Kumar SA , Thomas R
Published: October 2020

Infarcts involving the thalamus can yield many deficits, including sensory syndromes, altered consciousness, and cognitive disturbances, depending on the thalamic vascular territory involved. Isolated truncal contrapulsion due to pure thalamic infarct has been rarely reported. Truncal lateropulsion is a compelling sensation of being pulled toward one side that cannot be explained by weakness or limb ataxia. It is commonly reported in lateral medullary infarcts. It may occur with lesions that involve the peripheral vestibular system, brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia, ponto-mesencephalic, and thalamic lesions. We hereby report a 64-year-old woman who presented with truncal contrapulsion as the sole manifestation of an acute right lateral thalamic infarct.
Endoscopic management of pleural effusion caused by a pancreatic pleural fistula
Authors: Sasturkar SV , Gupta S , Thapar S , Shasthry SM
Published: October 2020

Pancreatic-pleural fistula (PPF) is a rare sequela of pancreatitis. High degree of clinical suspicion is required to diagnose a PPF. Confirmation is done by high amylase content in pleural fluid analysis. Here, we present two cases with varied presentation of PPF. A 43-year-old man presented with acute on chronic pancreatitis with bilateral (predominantly right) pleural effusion. Another 57-year-old man, previously diagnosed with chronic calcific pancreatitis, presented with left pleural effusion. Both cases were effectively managed with endoscopic pancreatic duct stenting.
Television Viewing Time and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Mortality among Japanese Population: The JACC Study
Authors: Li Yuting , Eshak Ehab S. , Cui Renzhe , Shirai Kokoro , Liu Keyang , Iso Hiroyasu , Ikehara Satoyo , Tamakoshi Akiko , Ukawa Shigekazu ,   JACC Study Group
Published: October 2020

PurposeSedentary behavior attributes to the increased risk of some cancers and all-cause mortality. The evidence is limited for the association between television (TV) viewing time, a major sedentary behavior, and risk of colorectal cancer death. We aimed to examine this association in Japanese population.Materials and MethodsA prospective cohort study encompassed of 90,834 men and women aged 40-79 years with no prior history of colorectal cancer who completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and provided their TV viewing information. The participants were followed-up from 1988-1990 to the end of 2009. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by the Cox proportional hazard regression for risk of colorectal cancer mortality according to TV viewing time.ResultsDuring the median 19.1-year follow-up period, we documented 749 (385 men and 364 women) colorectal cancer deaths. The multivariable-adjusted HRs for mortality from colorectal cancer were 1.11 (0.88-1.41) for 1.5 to < 3 hr/day, 1.14 (0.91-1.42) for 3 to < 4.5 hr/day and 1.33 (1.02-1.73) for ≥ 4.5 hr/day in comparison to < 1.5 hr/day TV watching; p-trend=0.038, and that for 1-hour increment in TV viewing time was 1.06 (1.01-1.11). Moreover, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95%CI) of colon cancer for 1-hour increment in TV viewing time was 1.07 (1.02-1.13). Age, body mass index, and level of leisure-physical activity did not show significant effect modifications on the observed associations.ConclusionTV viewing time is associated with the increased risk of colorectal cancer mortality among Japanese population, more specifically colon rather than rectal cancer.
Resistances to Gender Mainstreaming: An Analysis of the Trend of Women Engagement in Participatory Gender-Responsive Budgeting in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Shuvra
Published: October 2020

Gender Responsive budgeting (GRB) is among a few approaches for gender mainstreaming that has been introduced by the governments around the world or international funding organizations to institutionalize gender equality in public reforms. The formal processes of planning and budgeting at the Union Parishad (UP) - the lowest administrative tier of Bangladesh- offer general citizens to raise their demands at the local level. Besides, there is a provision that a 30% fund will be earmarked for women. In this paper, the case of UP gender budgeting practice was analyzed from a gender perspective. On the basis of case oriented qualitative research strategy, this was an empirical study of 06 (six) UPs of three different districts of Bangladesh. The data of this study indicated that members of the Non-Government Organizations (NGO) played a catalyst role in enhancing the access of women in the UP planning and budgeting processes. Along with the existing problems of local-level planning, lack of fiscal decentralization including resource constraint, absence of women development funding, the absence of women administrative officers at the different layers of government offices and obstacles and resistances in religion and patriarchal dimensions are inhibiting women to participate in the participatory processes. For implementing the GRB reform agenda suggestions are made for creating independent women budget groups at the local government level and researching on a broader perspective on GRB issues at the central government level.
EDUCAÇÃO EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA. CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO E PERCEPÇÕES SOBRE O TRABALHO VIRTUAL DE PROFESSORES NA CIDADE DE BAHIA BLANCA (ARGENTINA)
Authors: Pablo Becher Pablo Becher
Published: October 2020

Esta investigación examina las percepciones de un sector de la enseñanza estatal de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Buenos Aires – Argentina) con el fin de obtener un análisis especifico y relevante sobre las condiciones de trabajo y de salud de las docentes en medio del aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO). A su vez, se reflexiona sobre el contexto de enseñanza virtual o el teletrabajo, para comprender los procesos de reestructuración laboral, su relación con el ámbito doméstico, el vínculo pedagógico con los estudiantes y las formas de aproximación didáctica de los distintos niveles educativos. A través de la realización de una encuesta y una serie de entrevistas a actores diversos (docentes y directivos), se intenta aportar a la comprensión del fenómeno educativo en medio de la excepcionalidad, visibilizando sus límites y potencialidades. Como conclusiones fundamentales se observa un elevado crecimiento de la sobre-exigencia laboral con mayor flexibilidad, incremento de las tareas domésticas y de cuidado relacionadas con la intensificación docente, un deterioro en los vínculos pedagógicos, un marcado crecimiento del ausentismo estudiantil y una percepción del teletrabajo con mayor prevalencia a resaltar los aspectos negativos de la nueva situación new situation.