bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design-by-Analogy: proposta para um modelo de ferramenta computacional de auxílio ao processo de design
Authors: Corrêa Pablo Ermida , Teixeira Fábio Gonçalves , Maldonado Paulo
Published: December 2017

O desenvolvimento de novos produtos é uma atividade altamente complexa, onde a aplicação de metodologias e ferramentas para apoiar o processo de design é fundamental na condução das inúmeras atividades entre as etapas envolvidas. A fase conceitual no design é um momento crítico para o sucesso do produto, onde o acesso ao conhecimento de design gerado e a experiência prévia do designer são as bases para a construção do processo de criação. Diante disso, o campo Design-by-Analogy (DbA) é uma abordagem no design que utiliza os processos de analogias para estimular a geração de ideias na busca por soluções inovadoras através de técnicas e ferramentas computacionais. Neste contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo propor um modelo para o desenvolvimento de um software baseado nas técnicas em DbA para estimular e auxiliar o designer durante o processo projetual. Para atingir este objetivo, a revisão da literatura e o levantamento do estado da arte dos softwares existentes em DbA estabeleceram as bases de conhecimento para este estudo. A partir das informações obtidas destas bases, foram definidos critérios de análise para a avaliação das características de qualidade dos softwares existentes. Isto, reuniu um conjunto de características desejáveis para estabelecer os requisitos que guiaram a elaboração do modelo proposto, especificando seus elementos e estrutura. O resultado deste trabalho é a proposta deste modelo, onde a combinação de técnicas já existentes somada a novos elementos que exploram caminhos alternativos e promovem avanços para o campo do DbA. Este modelo será a base para o desenvolvimento de um software para auxílio e estímulo à fase conceitual de projeto, permitindo o registro dos conhecimentos gerados durante o desenvolvimento de projetos para que estes possam ser reutilizados em projetos futuros, acrescentando novas possiblidades que darão continuidade aos estudos em ferramentas digitais para apoiar o processo de design.

Palavras-chave: Design-by-Analogy, Processo de Design, Software.
A experiência dos usuários no processo interativo com RFID para a administração de medicamentos aos pacientes
Authors: Nassar Victor , Vieira Milton
Published: December 2017

Os erros que ocorrem na administração de medicamentos aos pacientes representam um grave problema na gestão de um hospital, afetando a saúde dos indivíduos que se encontram debilitados. A falha no processo de preparo da medicação, até a entrega ao paciente, pode resultar na troca de medicamentos, no envio ao paciente errado ou em horário errado, entre outras ações que não condizem com o que estava prescrito no prontuário e que podem causar danos aos indivíduos hospitalizados. Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de aplicação da tecnologia RFID para controle do processo de administração de medicamentos aos pacientes, delineando um caminho para detectar erros de medicação que ocorrem em hospitais. Foram desenvolvidos um fluxo de tarefas e interfaces para especificar os processos interativos para o controle da medicação, incluindo as etapas de preparo do recipiente de medicamentos e de envio ao paciente, indicando as instruções, os erros e as correções. A partir disso, objetiva-se analisar as experiências do usuário no em todo o processo, discutindo as interações estabelecidas para o funcionamento da tecnologia RFID e o envolvimento com os elementos da medicação. Com a aplicação da tecnologia RFID na administração de medicamentos, pode-se proporcionar a rastreabilidade no processo, capaz de auxiliar os usuários na tomada de decisões com a confirmação eletrônica dos passos de uma administração de medicamentos, evitando erros e possibilitando intervenções localizadas.Com isso, pode-se controlar processos na gestão hospitalar para auxiliar a segurança da saúde do paciente.
Critérios para avaliação da sustentabilidade em marcas de moda
Authors: Lima Bruna Lummertz , Camargo Cariane Weydmann , Barp Denise Rippel Araújo , Rüthschiling Evelise Anicet
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de avaliação de sustentabilidade para marcas de moda, levando em consideração as dimensões ambiental, social, e econômica. Os critérios para avaliação foram baseados nas abordagens desenvolvidas pelas autoras Fletcher e Groose (2012), Gwilt (2014) e Salcedo (2014) e na teoria e certificação Cradle to Cradle desenvolvida pelos autores Braungart e McDonough (2013). Após a revisão de literatura e tratamento dos dados, foi possível elencar os principais critérios para avaliar os níveis de desenvolvimento sustentável em uma marca de moda. A dimensão ambiental apresenta os seguintes critérios: Materiais não nocivos; Baixo desperdício; Reutilização de materiais; Uso consciente da água na produção; Uso eficiente de Energia; e Manutenção de baixo impacto. A dimensão social leva em consideração o Design para o bem-estar; o Design para empatia; a Produção local; e a Condição de trabalho digno. A dimensão econômica avalia o Comércio justo; se é Micro ou pequena escala; o Modelo de negócio; e a Sustentabilidade como estratégia. Cada um desses critérios é desmembrado em itens que podem ser vistos detalhadamente ao final deste artigo. Os níveis de sustentabilidade são divididos em: Nível 1, considerado Ingressante; Nível 2 – Básico; Nível 3 – Intermediário; e Nível 4 – Desejável. Este estudo busca, portanto, auxiliar designers e profissionais da moda a repensarem e aprimorarem continuamente seus processos e produtos.
Método de Análise Semiótica na Perspectiva do Design
Authors: Cardoso Cilene Estol , Pacheco Joyson Luiz
Published: December 2017

O artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a análise semiótica na perspectiva do design. Ele propõe um método de análise semiótica fundamentado, por um lado, na teoria semiótica de Charles William Morris (1946, 1976), em particular nas dimensões sintática, semântica e pragmática, e, por outro, na teoria hermenêutica de Hans-Georg Gadamer (2015), em específico no círculo hermenêutico. Como recurso de demonstração de aplicação do método, apresenta-se também uma análise semiótica da imagem fotográfica Snowy, da série Fallen Princesses, produzida por Dina Goldstein (2016). O método procura examinar o objeto de análise a partir de uma perspectiva da significação. Isso compreende abordar o objeto de análise sob o seu aspecto semiótico, isto é, o modo como ele suscita, provoca significados (interpretações). Com isso, objetiva-se contribuir para a capacitação de designers, especialmente no desenvolvimento da habilidade de compreender os processos de significação a partir do entendimento da “ação de signos” no processo de design e da habilidade de analisar signos, qualificando suas capacidades perceptivas, o que se compreende como base para quem tem como propósito a produção de signos.
ANALISIS RESPON MAHASISWAPGSD DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL IPABERDASARKAN STRUCTURE OF OBSERVED LEARNING OUTCOME TAXONOMY DITINJAU DARI MOTIVASI BELAJAR
Authors: Fatimah Siti
Published: December 2017

SOLO Taxonomy is one of the frameworks used in analyzing the quality of responses in problem solving. This research aim to analyze the student’s responses level in doing problem solving item based on SOLO Taxonomy overviewed from motivation to learn. The research method used in this study was a qualitative research with the data sources of this study were 75 students period 2016/2017. The results of the study showed that student’s responses in doing problem solving wave concept at prestructural level is 62,17%, Unistructural Level is 27,63%, Multistructural level is 58,22%, Relasional level is 48,50%, and Extended Abstract level is 37,82%; Motivation to learn’s student high category are better at responding to answer item based SOLO Taxonomy than motivation to learn’s students low category.Keywords: Student’s reponses; SOLO Taxonomy; Motivation to Learn
EFEKTIVITAS CAPAIAN KOMPETENSI BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAINS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Fitria Yanti
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to describe effecitivity of the learning outcome IPA using inquiry method. This type of research is the Classroom Action Research (CAR). Research procedures conducted through four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach. Subjects were teachers and students of fourth class in elementary school 08 Padang City. Data was obtained from the results of observations and test results of learning. The research was conducted by two cycles and each cycle consisting of two meetings. The results of the research that has been conducted every cycle seen an increasein the average value of student learning outcomes are: (a) the cognitive aspects of 75 to 93, (b) the affective aspects of 74 to 95, and (c) psychomotor aspects from 76 to 94. It can be concluded that the CAR using the inquiry method can improve learning outcomes of science fourth grade students of fourth class in the state elementary school 08 Padang City.Key words: Learning competency; science learning; inquiry method
PERKEMBANGAN TEMA PUISI-PUISI PENYAIR BANGKALAN: KAJIAN SEJARAH SASTRA
Authors: Muhri Muhri
Published: December 2017

This research aims to classify the Bangkalan poets into generations and trends on the themes of each generation. The underlying theories are those that affect the subdiscipline of literary history, especially the theories within the deconstructive paradigm. Data were obtained through interviews and study of literary work, namely the works of Bangkalan poets. From the analysis, generation of poets of Bangkalan can be divided into four generations based on tradition and common interests as manifested in the organization or forum where those poets gather. The first generation was in the Arts Council of Bangkalan (Dewan Kesenian Bangkalan or DKB), the second generation was raised in the Tera' Bulan Community, the third generation came from the campus theater communities around Bangkalan, and the fourth generation was in Masyarakat Lumpur Community and Bawah Arus Community. Metaphysical and social were dominant themes in the early generation, libidinal love theme was a theme that tended to appear in the second generation, local and lyrical themes tended to emerge in the third and fourth generation.
REPRESENTASI MONSTROSITAS PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL MANTRA LILITH KARYA HENDRI YULIUS
Authors: Suhendi Indrawan Dwisetya , Priyatna Aquarini , Muhtadin Teddi
Published: December 2017

This research aims at conyeving the representation of monstrous feminine in novel Mantra Lilith by Hendri Yulius (2017). The issue discussed is how the representation of monstrous feminine in Mantra Lilith. The theory used in this research is the monstrous feminine theory proposed by Creed (2003) and the abject theory of Kristeva (1982). This research used analytical descriptive method. The data from the novel is described to obtain an overview of the representation of monstrous feminine. The results show that female sexuality is a monstrous that it is represented as a snake in a novel narrative. Monstrosity is also constructed to two mother figures who refused to live in the confines of patriarchal ideology by choosing to be widows. In addition, the representation of monstrous feminine is presented through allusion to stories that have been known before such as the stories of Red Riding Hood, Timun Mas, and The Little Mermaid
Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Sentani, Papua, dalam Ungkapan Tradisional
Authors: Yektiningtyas Wigati
Published: December 2017

The research has an aim of documenting Sentani folklore, especially discussing the existence and functions of Sentani traditional proverbs and seeking to reexplore the values of wisdom they carry within. The proverbs were collected from Sentani region informants by close observation, recordings, interviews, transcription, translation and focus group discussions with the tribal chiefs (ondofolo/khote) as traditional authority holders of Sentani culture. Using the socio-cultural approach, the result shows that the primary values of Sentani wisdom is revealed from the traditional expressions, namely holei narei (build and maintain comradeship), hardwork, mutual cooperation, mutual respect, honesty, and loyalty to traditions that can be used as guidance for (1) education, (2) social life, (3) traditional norms, (4) ethical values, (5) aesthetics (6) economy, and (7) politics.
MORALITAS ASKETISME SYEKH SITI JENAR: STUDI TRILOGI SYEKH SITI JENAR KARYA AGUS SUNYOTO
Authors: Sujadi Agus
Published: December 2017

This study aims to reveal and describe the ascetic morality of Sheikh Siti Jenar in the heptalogy novels of Shekh Siti Jenar by Agus Sunyoto using the content analysis method. The problem discussed in this research is the ascetic morality of Sheikh Siti Jenar. The data source is the heptalogy novels of Shekh Siti Jenar which is divided into seven volumes, which was the result of a philology research with primary data of approximately 300 manuscripts. The research result was published by LKiS Yogyakarta in the form of stories. The results of this study indicate that the ascetic morality used in the novels is in the form of morality conditioned by humanism and bound by asceticism because it reveals the real issues of human life inreligious issues and how they are socially constructed. The ascetic morality expressed through its main character, Sheikh Siti Jenar, has its own energy to convey the side of human life that is lived like other people live it.
Sistem Pemasaran Gula Semut Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) Buhung Lali Pada Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) Bangkeng Bukit di Desa Bukit Harapan Kecamatan Gantarang, Kabupaten Bulukumba
Authors: Mokuna Anna Cristine , Makkarennu Makkarennu , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: December 2017

Palm sugar is one of the potential products of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) that can contribute to increasing farmers' income and welfare, especially for communities around the forest. This study aims to identify marketing system of palm sugar at Community-based Forest in Bulukumba Regency. This research applied interview, observation, and study-literature methods. The samples selected by purposive sampling were the farmers in the Bangkeng HKm Bukit Harapan village and the traders of the palm sugar in Makassar. Then, from these samples, the market margin, the farmer share and the profit of trade agencies were descriptively and quantitative analyses. The results show that there are three marketing channels of the palm sugar trade in Bukit Harapan village i.e farmers directly to costumers, farmers to retailers to customers, and from farmers to the whole seller to customers. In the first channel, farmers to customers, there are the market distortions like monopoly, transaction cost, externalization, and public goods. In the second channel, farmers to retailers to customers, the market distortions found in this path are oligopoly and externalization. In the last channel, the market distortions are monopsony and transaction cost. Based on the analysis, it is found that the highest the market margin and the most profitable lines are the first and the third lines with the profit to 100% because the higher the value of farmer share, the better and more efficient the market performance
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Persepsi Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Hutan Tanaman Rakyat pada KPH Gedong Wani
Authors: Yanti Dian Nova , Banuwa Irwan Sukri , Safe’i Rahmat , Wulandari Christine , Gumay Febryano Indra
Published: December 2017

One effort to reduce environmental damage is the launching of the Social Forestry Program by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. One such program is Community Plantation Forest (HTR). Farmers' perception of a program is the main basis for the willingness to participate in a program. The purpose of this study are: 1) Knowing the perception of the community, and 2) Knowing the factors that affect the public perception of the HTR development program in KPH Gedong Wani. The research was conducted in Sinar Ogan Village, Srikaton, Jati Indah, Jati Baru, and Budi Lestari, which is the recipient village of IUPHHK-HTR. Sampling technique using stratified random sampling and obtained as many as 95 respondents by interview method. To know the factors that influence perception using multiple regression. The results of this study show the public perception on the development of HTR in the medium category. Factors that have significant effect on public perception are formal education, informal education, HTR land area, monthly income, availability of information, and intensity of counseling.
Kesesuaian dan Arahan Penggunaan Lahan Berdasarkan Rencana Pola Ruang Wilayah di Hulu Daerah Aliran Sungai Kelara
Authors: Arsyad Usman , Soma Andang Suryana , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Arief Tita Rahayu
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to analyze the compatibility between the land cover spatial pattern plan and determine the direction of land use in the event of a discrepancy. This research was conducted on the Kelara Upstream Watershed located in gowa and jeneponto using land cover maps generated from landsat imagery interpretation 8. Then overlay to map the spatial pattern plan. Then determined the order of land use is done when there is a discrepancy between the results of the overlay with maps of land cover spatial pattern plan. The result showed that 41,05% of the total area of the Kelara Upstream Watershed of 28.185,68 ha a land use form of a orchards. After overlay discovered discrepancy land cover maps with maps of spatial pattern plan. Based on a map spatial pattern plan that should in reality the field is man made forest, orchards, dryland agriculture and rice field. According to these condition the specified order of land use that is Hkm (Community Forest) with agroforestry and Agroforestry Systems. Rice field In the Protected and Production forest order to intensification land use and plantations forest, orchards and dry land agriculture order to Community Forest with agroforestry systems . In the area of cultivation the land use rice field, orchards and dryland agriculture order to agroforestry systems.
Identifikasi Daerah Resapan Air di Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai Malino Hulu Daerah Aliran Sungai Jeneberang Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni , Arsyad Usman , Bachtiar Budirman , Irfan Muhammad
Published: December 2017

Population increase encourages people to change land use in Malino sub watershed. The forest area converted into non-forest areas such as agricultural or settlements. This study aims to determine the status and potential of water absorbtion region. This research was conducted in the Malino sub watershed maps using land units derived from overlapping maps of slope, soil type, rainfall and land use. Moreover, the determination of the water absorbtion region refer to the Technical Plan for Forest and Soil rehabilitation - basin. The results showed that up to 27,05% of the total Malino Sub Watershed is critical condition, normal condition as much as 49,70% and a good conditions as much as 23.25%.  The Malino sub watershed still good potential to absorb water. In natural conditions, the use of land as dry bush agriculture to intervene it is advisable to agroforestry or timber planted with long lasting in order to be a good absorbtion region, while for normal condition advised to planting of agroforestry with pattern alley cropping.
Pemanfaatan Tanaman Pangi (Pangium Edule Reinw) pada Lahan Agroforestri Desa Watu Toa Kecamatan Marioriwawo Kabupaten Soppeng
Authors: Nawir Munawwarah , Taskirawati Ira , Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: December 2017

Pangi (Pangium edule Reinw) is a type of commodity of Non-Timber Forest Product group, which all parts of this plant can be utilized. Pangi crops grown on agroforestry land is one of the preservation of this plant in order to be utilized sustainably. To fulfill the necessities of life, the people of Desa Watu Toa manage their land by making it as an agroforestry land and planting seasonal crops, fruits and forestry crops. One type of forest crops planted is Pangi. This study aims to identify the utilization of pangi by the community in Watu Toa Village, Marioriwawo District, Soppeng District. Survey (direct observation and questioner) and interview are the methods used in this research. The data obtained are arranged in table form and described in descriptions to describe the utilization of pangi by farmers in Watu Toa Village, Marioriwawo Subdistrict, Soppeng Regency. There are four hamlets in the village of Watu Toa, but this research is only conducted on Dusun Masumpu and Dusun Jampu-jampu. In both villages, there is a pangi plant on agroforestry land managed by farmers. The area of agroforestry in both hamlets is on average between 0.25-0.50 ha. Watu Toa Village Farmers only utilizes six products produced from pangi plant, namely construction materials (stems); fish poison (skin); natural pesticides (leaves), antiseptics (leaves), vegetables (young leaves); as well as fruit / pangi as an ingredient that can be cake, tempeh, vegetable ise 'pangi, vegetable Lope' pangi, and cooking spice (kluwak).
Preferensi Masyarakat terhadap Pola Pemanfaatan Lahan Hutan Rakyat di Desa Lekopancing, Kecamatan Tanralili, Kabupaten Maros.
Authors: Amin Arman Syahrul , Mas'ud Emban Ibnurusyd , Junus Mas'ud
Published: December 2017

This study describes the community preferences on land use arrangement in Lekopancing Village, Tanralili Subdistrict, Maros District. The results showed that the preferences of society towards the selection patterns of land use private forest determined by social factors, economic factors, and external factors. Social factors such as success stories of two persons in this village whom earn a large income from the plantation of Gmelina arborea (white teak), which is accompanied by social capital in the form of local knowledge and cultural system based on reciprocity. Economic factors, that is people felt motivated caused by increased income through the white teak plantation. External factors, such as KBR incentive programs and the provision of forestry extension worker, become the driving factors too.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of two florfenicol formulations following intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to sheep
Authors: Balcomb Christie C. , Angelos John A. , Chigerwe Munashe , Byrne Barbara A. , Lane V. Michael , Wetzlich Scott E. , Sahin Orhan , Holler Larry , Zhang Shuping , Tell Lisa A.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics of 2 commercial florfenicol formulations following IM and SC administration to sheep.

ANIMALS 16 healthy adult mixed-breed sheep.

PROCEDURES In a crossover study, sheep were randomly assigned to receive florfenicol formulation A or B at a single dose of 20 mg/kg, IM, or 40 mg/kg, SC. After a 2-week washout period, each sheep was administered the opposite formulation at the same dose and administration route as the initial formulation. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at predetermined times for 24 hours after each florfenicol administration. Plasma florfenicol concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by noncompartmental methods and compared between the 2 formulations at each dose and route of administration.

RESULTS Median maximum plasma concentration, elimination half-life, and area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable measurement for florfenicol were 3.76 μg/mL, 13.44 hours, and 24.88 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation A and 7.72 μg/mL, 5.98 hours, and 41.53 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation B following administration of 20 mg of florfenicol/kg, IM, and 2.63 μg/mL, 12.48 hours, and 31.63 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation A and 4.70 μg/mL, 16.60 hours, and 48.32 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation B following administration of 40 mg of florfenicol/kg, SC.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that both formulations achieved plasma florfenicol concentrations expected to be therapeutic for respiratory tract disease caused by Mannheimia haemolytica or Pasteurella spp at both doses and administration routes evaluated.
Comparison of tensile strength and time to closure between an intermittent Aberdeen suture pattern and conventional methods of closure for the body wall of dogs
Authors: Bula Edyta , Upchurch David A. , Wang Yuheng , Chen Sheng , Roccabianca Sara
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To compare tensile strength and time to completion of body wall closure among 3 suture patterns.

SAMPLE Eighteen 5 × 5-cm leather specimens and sixty-eight 5 × 5-cm full-thickness tissue specimens from the ventral portion of the abdominal body wall of 17 canine cadavers.

PROCEDURES During experiment 1 of a 2-experiment study, each leather specimen was cut in half and sutured with a simple interrupted or simple continuous pattern or continuous pattern with intermittent Aberdeen knots (intermittent Aberdeen pattern). During experiment 2, 4 tissue specimens were obtained from each cadaver; the linea alba of 3 specimens was incised and closed with 1 of the 3 suture patterns evaluated in experiment 1, and the fourth specimen was left intact as a control. All leather and tissue specimens underwent mechanical testing. Time to completion, mode of failure, and maximum force at failure (Fmax) were compared among the suture patterns.

RESULTS In experiment 1, the mean Fmax for the simple continuous and intermittent Aberdeen patterns was significantly greater than that for the simple interrupted pattern. In experiment 2, the mean Fmax for specimens obtained cranial to the umbilicus was greater than that for specimens obtained caudal to the umbilicus, and the mean time to completion for both continuous suture patterns was significantly less than that for the simple interrupted pattern. Most (34/51) sutured tissue specimens failed because the suture cut through the tissue at the suture-tissue interface.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the intermittent Aberdeen pattern may be an alternative for body wall closure in dogs.
Evaluation of equine synovial-derived extracellular matrix scaffolds seeded with equine synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Reisbig Nathalie A. , Hussein Hayam A. , Pinnell Erin , Bertone Alicia L.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To create a bioactive synovium scaffold by infusing decellularized synovial-derived extracellular matrix (synECM) with synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (synMSCs).

SAMPLE Synovium from the femoropatellar and medial femorotibial joints of equine cadavers.

PROCEDURES The synMSCs were cultured in monolayer and not treated or cotransduced to enhance expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and human bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. The synECM was decellularized with 0.1% peracetic acid and then seeded with synMSCs (0.5 × 106 cells/0.5 mL) by use of a 30% serum gradient. Samples were evaluated on days 0, 3, 7, and 14. Cell migration, differentiation, and distribution into the synECMs were determined by cell surface marker CD90, viability, histologic morphology, and fluorescence microscopy results and expression of GFP, BMP-2, hyaluronan (HA), and proteoglycan (PG).

RESULTS At day 14, synMSCs were viable and had multiplied 2.5-fold in the synECMs. The synECMs seeded with synMSCs had a significant decrease in CD90 expression and significant increases in HA and PG expression. The synECMs seeded with synMSCs cotransduced with GFP, or BMP-2 had a significant increase in BMP-2 expression.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The synECM seeded with synMSCs or synMSCs cotransduced with GFP, or BMP-2 yielded a bioactive synovial scaffold. Expression of BMP-2 by synMSCs cotransduced to enhance expression of BMP-2 or GFP and an accompanying increase in both HA and PG expression indicated production of anabolic agents and synoviocyte differentiation in the scaffold. Because BMP-2 can promote repair of damaged cartilage, such a bioactive scaffold could be useful for treatment of injured cartilage.
Pharmacokinetics of a concentrated buprenorphine formulation in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis)
Authors: Gleeson Molly D. , Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , Knych Heather K. , Kass Philip H. , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Hawkins Michelle G.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of 2 doses of a concentrated buprenorphine formulation after SC administration to red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis).

ANIMALS 6 adult red-tailed hawks.

PROCEDURES Concentrated buprenorphine (0.3 mg/kg, SC) was administered to all birds. Blood samples were collected at 10 time points over 24 hours after drug administration to determine plasma buprenorphine concentrations. After a 4-week washout period, the same birds received the same formulation at a higher dose (1.8 mg/kg, SC), and blood samples were collected at 13 time points over 96 hours. Hawks were monitored for adverse effects and assigned agitation-sedation scores at each sample collection time. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS Mean time to maximum plasma buprenorphine concentration was 7.2 minutes and 26.1 minutes after administration of the 0.3-mg/kg and 1.8-mg/kg doses, respectively. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were > 1 ng/mL for mean durations of 24 and 48 hours after low- and high-dose administration, respectively. Mean elimination half-life was 6.23 hours for the low dose and 7.84 hours for the high dose. Mean agitation-sedation scores were higher (indicating some degree of sedation) than the baseline values for 24 hours at both doses. No clinically important adverse effects were observed.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Concentrated buprenorphine was rapidly absorbed, and plasma drug concentrations considered to have analgesic effects in other raptor species were maintained for extended periods. Most birds had mild to moderate sedation. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of these doses of concentrated buprenorphine in red-tailed hawks.
Effects of stacked wedge pads and chains applied to the forefeet of Tennessee Walking Horses for a five-day period on behavioral and biochemical indicators of pain, stress, and inflammation
Authors: Everett James B. , Schumacher Jim , Doherty Thomas J. , Black Randi A. , Amelse Lisa L. , Krawczel Peter , Coetzee Johann F. , Whitlock Brian K.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of stacked wedge pads and chains applied to the forefeet of Tennessee Walking Horses on behavioral and biochemical indicators of pain, stress, and inflamation.

ANIMALS 20 Tennessee Walking Horses.

PROCEDURES Horses were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: keg shoes (control; n = 10) or stacked wedge pads and exercise with chains (10). Ten days before treatment application, an accelerometer was attached at the left metatarsus of each horse to record daily activity. Horses were exercised for 20 minutes daily, beginning on day -7. On day 0, exercise ceased, the forefeet were trimmed, and the assigned treatment was applied. From days 1 through 5, horses were exercised as before. Blood samples for measurement of plasma cortisol, substance P, and fibrinogen concentrations were collected on days -5, 1, and 5 before and after exercise and every 30 minutes thereafter for 6 hours.

RESULTS No significant differences in plasma concentrations of cortisol, substance P, and fibrinogen were detected between groups. Although lying behaviors changed after shoes were applied, these behaviors did not differ significantly between groups. Shoeing appeared to have altered behavior to a greater extent than did the type of treatment applied.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Application of stacked wedge pads and chains to the forefeet of horses for a 5-day period as performed in this study evoked no acute or subacute stress or nociceptive response as measured. Although these findings should not be extrapolated to the long-term use of such devices in Tennessee Walking Horses performing the running walk, the data should be considered when making evidence-based decisions relating to animal welfare and the use of stacked wedge pads and chains.
Kinematic analysis of the thoracic limb of healthy dogs during descending stair and ramp exercises
Authors: Kopec Nadia L. , Williams Jane M. , Tabor Gillian F.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To compare the kinematics of the thoracic limb of healthy dogs during descent of stairs and a ramp with those during a trot across a flat surface (control).

ANIMALS 8 privately owned dogs.

PROCEDURES For each dog, the left thoracic limb was instrumented with 5 anatomic markers to facilitate collection of 2-D kinematic data during each of 3 exercises (descending stairs, descending a ramp, and trotting over a flat surface). The stair exercise consisted of 4 steps with a 35° slope. For the ramp exercise, a solid plank was placed over the steps to create a ramp with a 35° slope. For the flat exercise, dogs were trotted across a flat surface for 2 m. Mean peak extension, peak flexion, and range of movement (ROM) of the shoulder, elbow, and carpal joints were compared among the 3 exercises.

RESULTS Mean ROM for the shoulder and elbow joints during the stair exercise were significantly greater than during the flat exercise. Mean peak extension of the elbow joint during the flat exercise was significantly greater than that during both the stair and ramp exercises. Mean peak flexion of the elbow joint during the stair exercise was significantly greater than that during the flat exercise.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that descending stairs may be beneficial for increasing the ROM of the shoulder and elbow joints of dogs. Descending stair exercises may increase elbow joint flexion, whereas flat exercises may be better for targeting elbow joint extension.
Comparison of three computed tomographic angiography protocols to assess diameters of major arteries in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)
Authors: Yu Pin Huan , Lee Yen Lin , Chen Chia Li , Chi Chau-Hwa
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate 3 contrast medium infusion (CMI) protocols for CT angiography (CTA) and measurement of major artery diameters in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus).

ANIMALS 9 African grey parrots with no detectable cardiovascular disease.

PROCEDURES Each bird was anesthetized and underwent placement of an IV catheter in the left basilic vein and 16-slice CTA scanning (started at peak aortic enhancement) with each of 3 CMI protocols at ≥ 1-month intervals. Protocol 1 involved catheter flushing with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and IV infusion of iopamidol (2 mL) followed by saline solution (0.2 mL; total infused volume, 5 mL). Protocol 2 involved IV infusion of iopamidol (2 mL) followed by saline solution (0.4 mL; total infused volume, 2.4 mL). Protocol 3 involved catheter flushing with saline solution and IV administration of iopamidol (2 mL; total infused volume, 4.8 mL). The diameters of 6 major arteries were measured by 2 observers, and intra- and interobserver agreement, time-enhancement variables, and patient factors affecting contrast medium enhancement were assessed.

RESULTS Among the 3 CMI protocols, CTA-derived arterial diameters differed significantly. Measurements obtained with protocol 2 were significantly larger than those obtained with the other protocols. Uniformity of the time-enhancement variables differed among CMI protocols. Patient factors had nonsignificant effects on contrast medium enhancement.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Of the CMI protocols assessed, a 2-phase CMI protocol with a post-CMI saline solution flush was the most reliable for CTA-derived measurements of the major thoracic and abdominal arteries in African grey parrots. However, further technique modification is needed.
Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of anatomic landmarks in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Döring Sophie , Arzi Boaz , Barich Catherine R. , Hatcher David C. , Kass Philip H. , Verstraete Frank J. M.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic yield of dental radiography (Rad method) and 3 cone-beam CT (CBCT) methods for the identification of predefined anatomic landmarks in brachycephalic dogs.

ANIMALS 19 client-owned brachycephalic dogs admitted for evaluation and treatment of dental disease.

PROCEDURES 26 predefined anatomic landmarks were evaluated separately by use of the RAD method and 3 CBCT software modules (serial CBCT slices and custom cross sections, tridimensional rendering, and reconstructed panoramic views). A semiquantitative scoring system was used, and mean scores were calculated for each anatomic landmark and imaging method. The Friedman test was used to evaluate values for significant differences in diagnostic yield. For values that were significant, the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used with the Bonferroni-Holm multiple comparison adjustment to determine significant differences among each of the 6 possible pairs of diagnostic methods.

RESULTS Differences of diagnostic yield among the Rad and 3 CBCT methods were significant for 19 of 26 anatomic landmarks. For these landmarks, Rad scores were significantly higher than scores for reconstructed panoramic views for 4 of 19 anatomic landmarks, but Rad scores were significantly lower than scores for reconstructed panoramic views for 8 anatomic landmarks, tridimensional rendering for 18 anatomic landmarks, and serial CBCT slices and custom cross sections for all 19 anatomic landmarks.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CBCT methods were better suited than dental radiography for the identification of anatomic landmarks in brachycephalic dogs. Results of this study can serve as a basis for CBCT evaluation of dental disorders in brachycephalic dogs.
Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of dental disorders in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Döring Sophie , Arzi Boaz , Hatcher David C. , Kass Philip H. , Verstraete Frank J. M.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic yield of dental radiography (Rad method) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) methods for the identification of 31 predefined dental disorders in brachycephalic dogs.

ANIMALS 19 client-owned brachycephalic dogs admitted for evaluation and treatment of dental disease.

PROCEDURES 31 predefined dental disorders were evaluated separately and scored by use of dental radiography and 3 CBCT software modules (serial CBCT slices and custom cross sections, tridimensional rendering, and reconstructed panoramic views). A qualitative scoring system was used. Dental disorders were grouped into 10 categories for statistical analysis. Point of reference for presence or absence of a dental disorder was determined as the method that could be used to clearly identify the disorder as being present. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated with the McNemar χ2 test of marginal homogeneity of paired data.

RESULTS When all 3 CBCT methods were used in combination, the diagnostic yield of CBCT was significantly higher than that of dental radiography for 4 of 10 categories (abnormal eruption, abnormally shaped roots, periodontitis, and tooth resorption) and higher, although not significantly so, for all categories, except for 1 (loss of tooth integrity).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CBCT provided more detailed information than did dental radiography. Therefore, CBCT would be better suited for use in diagnosing dental disorders in brachycephalic dogs.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of novel midazolam gel formulations following buccal administration to healthy dogs
Authors: Aldawsari Mohammed F. , Lau Vivian W. , Babu Ramapuram J. , Arnold Robert D. , Platt Simon R.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine the physiochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of 3 midazolam gel formulations following buccal administration to dogs.

ANIMALS 5 healthy adult hounds.

PROCEDURES In phase 1 of a 2-phase study, 2 gel formulations were developed that contained 1% midazolam in a poloxamer 407 (P1) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (H1) base and underwent rheological and in vitro release analyses. Each formulation was buccally administered to 5 dogs such that 0.3 mg of midazolam/kg was delivered. Each dog also received midazolam hydrochloride (0.3 mg/kg, IV). There was a 3-day interval between treatments. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at predetermined times for 8 hours after drug administration for determination of plasma midazolam concentration and pharmacokinetic analysis. During phase 2, a gel containing 2% midazolam in a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose base (H2) was developed on the basis of phase 1 results. That gel was buccally administered such that midazolam doses of 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg were delivered. Each dog also received midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, IV). All posttreatment procedures were the same as those for phase 1.

RESULTS The H1 and H2 formulations had lower viscosity, greater bioavailability, and peak plasma midazolam concentrations that were approximately 2-fold as high, compared with those for the P1 formulation. The mean peak plasma midazolam concentration for the H2 formulation was 187.0 and 106.3 ng/mL when the midazolam dose administered was 0.6 and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that buccal administration of gel formulations might be a viable alternative for midazolam administration to dogs.
Comparison of the percentage of the C3-C7 vertebral canal occupied by the spinal cord in small-breed dogs with that in Doberman Pinschers and Great Danes with and without cervical spondylomyelopathy
Authors: de A. Bonelli Marília , da Costa Ronaldo C.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To compare the percentage of the C3-C7 vertebral canal occupied by the spinal cord in small-breed dogs with that in Doberman Pinschers and Great Danes with and without cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM).

ANIMALS 30 small-breed dogs (body weight, < 15 kg), 15 clinically normal Doberman Pinschers, 15 Doberman Pinschers with CSM, 15 clinically normal Great Danes, and 15 Great Danes with CSM.

PROCEDURES In a retrospective study, sagittal and transverse T2-weighted MRI images of the cervical (C3 to C7) vertebral column obtained from dogs that met study criteria and were free of extensive abnormalities that could affect the spinal cord diameter between January 2005 and February 2015 were reviewed. The area and height of the vertebral column and spinal cord were measured at the cranial and caudal aspect of each vertebra from C3 to C7, and the percentage of the vertebral canal occupied by the spinal cord at each location was calculated and compared among groups of dogs.

RESULTS Mean percentage of the vertebral canal occupied by the spinal cord was greatest for small-breed dogs and lowest for Great Danes, but did not differ between Doberman Pinschers and small-breed dogs at approximately half of the locations evaluated or between Doberman Pinschers with and without CSM or between Great Danes with and without CSM.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that the percentage of the vertebral canal occupied by the spinal cord, although expected to increase with vertebral canal stenosis, may not have a primary role in the pathogenesis of CSM.
Evaluation of ADAMTS17 in Chinese Shar-Pei with primary open-angle glaucoma, primary lens luxation, or both
Authors: Oliver James A. C. , Rustidge Sophie , Pettitt Louise , Jenkins Christopher A. , Farias Fabiana H. G. , Giuliano Elizabeth A. , Mellersh Cathryn S.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the coding regions of ADAMTS17 for potential mutations in Chinese Shar-Pei with a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary lens luxation (PLL), or both.

ANIMALS 63 Shar-Pei and 96 dogs of other breeds.

PROCEDURES ADAMTS17 exon resequencing was performed on buccal mucosal DNA from 10 Shar-Pei with a diagnosis of POAG, PLL, or both (affected dogs). A candidate causal variant sequence was identified, and additional dogs (53 Shar-Pei [11 affected and 42 unaffected] and 95 dogs of other breeds) were genotyped for the variant sequence by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Total RNA was extracted from ocular tissues of 1 affected Shar-Pei and 1 ophthalmologically normal Golden Retriever; ADAMTS17 cDNA was reverse transcribed and sequenced, and ADAMTS17 expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assay.

RESULTS All affected Shar-Pei were homozygous for a 6-bp deletion in exon 22 of ADAMTS17 predicted to affect the resultant protein. All unaffected Shar-Pei were heterozygous or homozygous for the wild-type allele. The variant sequence was significantly associated with affected status (diagnosis of POAG, PLL, or both). All dogs of other breeds were homozygous for the wild-type allele. The cDNA sequencing confirmed presence of the expected variant mRNA sequence in ocular tissue from the affected dog only. Gene expression analysis revealed a 4.24-fold decrease in the expression of ADAMTS17 in ocular tissue from the affected dog.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results supported that the phenotype (diagnosis of POAG, PLL, or both) is an autosomal recessive trait in Shar-Pei significantly associated with the identified mutation in ADAMTS17.
Iron Oxide Contents in Relation to the Colour of Asnawa Soils
Authors: Kafoor Sherwan
Published: December 2017

Asnawa soils contain high amounts of iron oxides. These minerals apply much influence on different soil properties, of which the most observable is colour. The objective of this study was to conclude if colour of soils measured by visual methods can be parameterized to quantify soil Fe oxides. The examined area was divided to three zones (zone A, zone B and zone C) according to their colour intensity. Forty soil samples were examined for their colour and iron oxide contents. Their colour were ranged between 5YR (H) 2.5 (V/C) to 5YR (H) 5/8 (V/C). The average values of free Fe oxide in the soils of the three zones were 52.1%, 36.8% and 15.9% respectively. A new formula was derived to measure colour intensity. A highly significant correlation was found between colour intensity and concentrations of Fe oxides in the examined soils.