bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Rock Abrasiveness and Rock Abrasivity Test Methods—A Review
Authors: Mucha Kamil
Published: July 2023

The processes of rock formation have long been known and widely described in many literature items worldwide. Due to the multitude of occurring rock types, they are distinguished by various properties. For many decades, scientists worldwide have been determining various parameters by which these properties of rocks can be described. Tests of these parameters are commonly performed in many research centres worldwide. Depending on the scientific discipline, some researchers focus on geological properties (colour, structure, texture, chemical composition). Other researchers focus on physical and mechanical properties: hardness, density, strength properties, compactness, etc. Among them, abrasiveness and abrasivity can also be distinguished. In terms of nomenclature, they are very similar and often confused. Even within the academic community, researchers often use the names interchangeably, which needs to be corrected. This article aims to explain the difference between rock abrasiveness and rock abrasivity, classify methods for their assessment and present their practical applications in the mining and construction industry. It should be emphasized here that abrasiveness is determined when we are interested in the abrasive wear of natural stone and abrasivity when we are interested in the wear of the tool with which we cut the stone. The purpose of this article is also to let the reader decide whether to carry out an abrasiveness or abrasivity test and which method to use.
Anticipated Transport Choices in a World Featuring Autonomous Transport Options
Authors: Booth Leon , Farrar Victoria , Thompson Jason , Vidanaarachchi Rajith , Godic Branislava , Brown Julie , Karl Charles , Pettigrew Simone
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: The automation of transport systems is well underway; however, it is unclear how this will affect people’s mobility choices. Changes in these choices have implications for health and the sustainability and efficiency of transport systems, making it important to understand how the advent of autonomous vehicles might affect people’s transport behaviors. The aim of the present study was to address this knowledge gap in the Australian context. (2) Methods: Respondents reported their demographic information, current transport behaviors, the perceived importance of transport-related factors, and attitudes toward autonomous vehicles. They then read a vignette describing a future scenario involving autonomous vehicles that was informed by expert stakeholders. After reading the vignette, the respondents selected those transport options that they would anticipate using in the depicted scenario. Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine changes in transport choices, while regression models were employed to identify the predictors of choices in the future scenario. (3) Results: Most respondents envisaged making greater use of active, shared, and public transport options in an autonomous future, compared to their current use of these options. The intended use of private transport options halved. The most consistent predictor for selecting a certain mode of transport was the current use of that option or its non-autonomous equivalent. (4) Conclusion: Overall, favorable changes in the envisaged use of transport were observed for the hypothetical scenario, which was characterized by improved public transport, a practical active transport infrastructure, and relatively cheap shared autonomous vehicles. If policymakers can act to realize these outcomes, the autonomation of transport is likely to lead to positive societal change.
The Impact of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games on Air Quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region: A Quasi-Natural Experiment Study
Authors: Wu Qianjin , Wu Zusheng , Li Shanshan , Chen Zichao
Published: July 2023

Major sporting events, such as the Olympic Games, can harm air quality due to the construction of large stadiums and other sporting facilities, the transportation of athletes and spectators, and the consumption of energy and resources. To successfully host the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the Chinese government has taken measures to improve air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, such as limiting car use, closing polluting businesses, and increasing clean energy. Whether these measures have effectively improved the air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and whether they have had a sustained impact are the concerns of this study. In this study, based on air quality statistics for 24 Chinese cities from 2014–2022, including 2592 observations, we investigated the impact of the Beijing Winter Olympics on the air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region using the difference-in-difference (DID) method. Our empirical findings indicate that the Beijing Winter Olympics significantly impacted the air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. We observed a 25% reduction in the air quality index (AQI) and a 28% reduction in the levels of PM2.5, holding all other factors constant. Trend analysis further suggests that the Beijing Winter Olympics contributed to the region’s long-term trend of air quality improvement. We performed a series of robustness tests, all indicating the reliability of our basic conclusions. In addition, the heterogeneity analysis shows a significant effect of the pollution level and the distance from the capital on the effectiveness of air quality improvement, while economic development had no significant impact. Our findings have important implications for policymakers and other stakeholders interested in improving air quality. The significant improvements from the Beijing Winter Olympics suggest that implementing similar initiatives in other regions may also have positive effects.
Utilization of Waste Glass Cullet as Partial Substitutions of Coarse Aggregate to Produce Eco-Friendly Concrete: Role of Metakaolin as Cement Replacement
Authors: Hasan Noor Md. Sadiqul , Shaurdho Nur Mohammad Nazmus , Sobuz Md. Habibur Rahman , Meraz Md. Montaseer , Islam Md. Saidul , Miah Md Jihad
Published: July 2023

The utilization of waste products is becoming a vital aspect of the construction industry to safeguard environmental assets and mitigate pollution, all of which lead to long-term sustainable development. From this perspective, this experimental investigation was carried out to determine the cumulative influence of waste glass cullet and metakaolin (MK) as partial replacements for coarse aggregates and cement in an isolated and combined manner. This research demonstrated the influence of integrating glass aggregate and metakaolin wherein coarse aggregate was substituted by 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% glass cullet (by weight), and cement was supplemented with 10% metakaolin. The substitution of waste glass with coarse aggregate significantly declines the compressive strength correspondingly; however, the integration of 10% metakaolin powder enhanced the strength slightly for all specimens up to 25%. On the other hand, for flexural strength, the inclusion of glass waste in concrete reduced the performance, whereas the incorporation of metakaolin boosted the strength but did not achieve greater strength compared to the control mixture. The sustainability analysis revealed that the production cost and eCO2 emission could be reduced by 15% and 7% by incorporating glass cullet and metakaolin in the concrete mix, which satisfied sustainability. Based on the experimental results, the ideal proportion substitution would be 25% glass aggregate with 10% metakaolin, which could satisfactorily be used to generate sustainable concrete.
Time-Varying Mechanical Analysis of Long-Span Spatial Steel Structures Integral Lifting in Construction Basing Building Information Model
Authors: Yang Yang , Du Hongbo , Yao Gang , Ma Xinlong , Men Wulei
Published: July 2023

As sustainable structures like steel structures become more widely used, so do their construction issues. Improper lifting measures of long-span spatial steel structures may delay the construction period and even cause safety accidents. These problems have hindered the realization of sustainable buildings. Few studies on long-span spatial steel structures considered time-varying mechanical characteristics during the construction process. During the construction process, it will be found that the installed structure does not meet the required accuracy, and the installed content needs to be removed and re-constructed. This will cause idle work and rework, which will result in a waste of resources and is not conducive to sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to study the lifting construction process of long-span spatial steel structures and form a refined construction method. Based on the lifting construction process of the maintenance hangar roof of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport, this study proposes a time-varying mechanical analysis method for synchronous and asynchronous integral lifting of long-span space steel structures basing the Building Information Model (BIM). The force on the lifting point is analyzed during the hoisting construction process when the single-point asynchronous integral lifting and the interlaced point asynchronous integral lifting are carried out. The adverse effect of the displacement difference between lifting points during asynchronous integral lifting is proved. It provides a reference for the safe construction of long-span spatial steel structure lifting and also helps to improve the sustainability of construction projects.
Unveiling the Hidden Effects of Automated Vehicles on “Do No Significant Harm’’ Components
Authors: Luca Oana , Andrei Liliana , Iacoboaea Cristina , Gaman Florian
Published: July 2023

The deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) has the potential to disrupt and fundamentally transform urban transportation. As their implementation becomes imminent on cities’ streets, it is of great concern that no comprehensive strategies have been formulated to effectively manage and mitigate their potential negative impacts, particularly with respect to the components of the do no significant harm (DNSH) framework recently introduced in the EU taxonomy. The methodology employed comprises three steps: (i) An extensive literature review on the impact of AVs on the DNSH components; (ii) exploration of designing a coherent pro-active vision by integrating measures identified in the literature as key elements to mitigate the harm; and (iii) an interdisciplinary focus group (FG) to verify whether the impacts of AVs and potential mitigation measures for Bucharest are similar to those identified by the literature and integrated into the pro-active vision. The results suggest that while there are commonalities, variations exist in focus and perspective, underscoring the necessity of examining the mitigation measures encompassed in the vision through additional focus groups conducted in different cities.
How Underlying Attitudes Affect the Well-Being of Travelling Pilgrims—A Case Study from Lhasa, China
Authors: Cheng Gang , Wang Jiayao
Published: July 2023

This study used structural equation modelling to analyse the relationship between the attitudes of a pilgrim group and their well-being when travelling. Using market segmentation theory, the travel market of the pilgrim group was segmented, and the travel preferences of different sub-markets were separated according to each pilgrim’s subjective feelings of travel quality. The results show that travel emotional value, travel expectancy perception, and perception of fairness impact the travel well-being of pilgrims. K-means clustering was used to segment the travellers into markets and to propose strategies to improve the travel well-being of travellers. To meet the attitudes of various people, this analysis was based on different travel sub-markets. The results show that, to improve travel well-being, the preferences of female and elderly groups should become the focus to ensure better comfort and convenience, moderate safety, and reliability. For younger age groups, the emotional value of the travel process should be considered, which may help to improve their well-being.
Plant Composition and Species Use in Agroforestry Homegardens in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Pauletto Daniela , Guerreiro Martorano Lucieta , de Sousa Lopes Lucas Sérgio , Pinheiro de Matos Bentes Michelliny , Vieira Thiago Almeida , Gomes de Sousa Oliveira Thiago , Santos de Sousa Verena , Fernandes da Silva Ádria , da Silva Ferreira de Lima Pricila , Santos Tribuzy Aldeize , Pinto Guimarães Iandra Victória
Published: July 2023

Agroforestry home gardens are integrated arrangements of common vegetable plants near residences, resembling tropical forests. They cultivate multiple species to meet families’ basic needs, including food, medicine, and family activities. This study aimed to assess the composition and use of plant species in agroforestry home gardens in three municipalities in the western region of Pará. The study analyzed 119 home gardens in Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos, and Santarém in Pará, Brazilian Amazonia. These home gardens span peri-urban, urban, floodplain, indigenous, and tourist land zones. Data were collected through questionnaires and visits, surveying 5323 plants from 188 species and 62 plant families. The findings revealed that 80.5% of plants concentrated in just 18.6% of the species, with no significant difference in species per home garden across zones. Notably, food species, particularly fruit-bearing plants, dominated these home gardens. This indicates a potential emphasis on incentive programs and public policies. Most home gardens contained up to 17 plant species, while less than half included medicinal plants. Native and exotic species were equally represented, with native plants valued for shading benefits. Agroforestry home gardens are vital for conserving and cultivating food species. Their specific purposes influence species distribution and selection, showcasing their socioeconomic and environmental significance. Thus, recognizing and investing in these land-use systems is crucial to maintain and enhance regional benefits.
Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Commuter’s Perception towards Mass Rapid Transit in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Saleh Silvia , Tithi Anusree Saha , Sakib Nazmus , Paul Tonmoy , Anwari Nafis , Amin Shohel
Published: July 2023

The Dhaka Metro Rail (DMR) has been constructed as part of the Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority’s 20-year Strategic Transport Plan to reduce traffic congestion in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The DMR is the first urban rail transit system in Bangladesh and has the potential to change the existing modal share. Commuters have mixed responses about the daily commuting on the DMR and mode choice behavior. This study analyses the commuters’ perception of a modal shift towards the DMR by applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The structural equation model (SEM) used environmental concern and socio-demographic factors as additional explanatory variables to improve the explanatory capability of the TPB. A questionnaire survey was administrated using an online survey and validated via an in-person interview to collect the commuters’ responses. The results reveal that environmental concern is the most significant contributor to commuters’ perceptions of a modal shift towards the DMR in Dhaka City, followed by the attitude and perceived behavioral control of the respondents. The findings offer valuable insights for the DMR and other mass rapid transit service operators for policy-making in Dhaka and other cities with similar socio-economic demographics in the world.
How Does the Residential Complex Regulate Residents’ Behaviour? An Empirical Study to Identify Influential Components of Human Territoriality on Social Interaction
Authors: Nowzari Zahra , Armitage Rachel , Maghsoodi Tilaki Mohammad Javad
Published: July 2023

Although urbanisation and urban land limitations are prevalent, residential complexes are seldom discussed as a means of compartmentalising social interactions and contributing to residents’ social interactions. Due to the spatial orientation of social interactions, semi-public spaces in these buildings are unable to host residents’ interactions due to a lack of appropriate arrangements/establishment of tangible and visible objects. The influential components, however, have rarely been identified in residential complexes. To fill this gap, using the theory of human territoriality, the current study explores the influential physical components of human territorialities in semi-public spaces in four residential complexes and investigates whether a significant relationship exists between human territorialities’ physical components and social interactions. This study collected data from 264 residents of four residential complexes with different spatial configuration layouts. Pearson correlation and Spearman’s rank correlation are used to evaluate linear and monotonic relationships between study variables. The correlation between spatial configurations of physical components and residents’ interactions confirms that spatial configurations influence residents’ use of semi-public spaces. Social interaction can, therefore, be improved through green space, brightness, accessibility, and furniture in common areas. The findings prove that residential complexes with clustered arrangements have not performed well in creating social interaction due to the lack of defined spaces and territories for people, but multi-core, mixed, and linear complexes that define several open and semi-open spaces have been more successful in the amount of social interaction of residents. This study is one of the first to identify the influential components using the integration of residents’ perceptions and spatial configuration.
Investigating the Impact of Communication Factors and Stakeholders Engagement on Renewable Energy Projects in Pakistan
Authors: Malik Shabir Hussain , Fu Weizhong , Rasool Samma Faiz , Wani Gowhar Ahmad , Zaman Shah , Wani Najaf Ali
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the relationship between communication factors, stakeholders’ engagement, and project success (P.S.) of renewable energy in Pakistan. The aim of this study is to identify the communication factors that impact the success of renewable energy projects. The research investigates multiple dimensions of communication factors such as internal communication, external communication, leadership, relationship, and corporation. Moreover, we also tested the indirect relationship using the stakeholder’s engagement (S.E.) as a mediating variable. We used a quantitative approach using the questionnaire survey. The random and snowball sampling technique was used to collect data from the project managers, project engineers, and team leaders associated with renewable projects in Pakistan. We collected data in two phases. In the first phase, between August 2023 and December 2022, we distributed 400 complete research questionnaires. In return, we received 337 questionnaires, 84% of the distributed questionnaires. Similarly, between January 2023 and February 2023, we distributed 350 research questionnaires; in return, we received 255 questionnaires, which is 73% of the distributed questionnaires. However, we collected data from the 592 respondents engaged with renewable energy projects. Further, the structural equation modeling technique (SEM) was performed to analyze the study data through SmartPLS 4.1. The outcomes confirmed that communication factors significantly and positively impact the project’s success. The results guaranteed that communication factors have a positive and significant relationship with the stakeholder’s engagement. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that stakeholders’ engagement mediates communication factors and project success, enhancing the project’s success.
Multiobjective Optimization of the Energy Efficiency and the Steam Flow in a Bagasse Boiler
Authors: Molina Ducardo L. , Vidal Medina Juan Ricardo , Sagastume Gutiérrez Alexis , Cabello Eras Juan J. , Lopez Jesús A. , Hincapie Simón , Quispe Enrique C.
Published: July 2023

Renewable energy and energy efficiency are essential for a transition to cleaner and sustainable energy. Photovoltaic and wind turbine systems introduce operation, control, protection, and planning issues, particularly affecting frequency stability in the grid. In contrast to more widespread wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, biomass based electricity systems are more stable with no negative impacts on the grid stability. The efficiency of bagasse boilers is essential to guaranteeing adequate economic profit and environmental performance in sugar plants. To realize universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services by 2030 (SDG 7), the use of renewable energy sources in energy mixing and energy efficiency must increase globally. Sugar plants include cogeneration systems to provide heat and electricity to the process and frequently sell an electricity surplus to the grid, which depends on their energy efficiency. Boilers are an essential component of cogeneration systems in sugar plants, and their efficiency is crucial to guarantee electricity surplus. Therefore, this study assessed a bagasse boiler to optimize its operational efficiency. To this end, the exergy assessment and multiobjective optimization based on a genetic algorithm are used. The results show that the exergy efficiency of the boiler improved by 0.8% with the optimization, reducing bagasse consumption by 23 t/d.
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Systems Obeying the Dynamics of On–Off Intermittency and Presenting Bimodal Amplitude Distributions
Authors: Potirakis Stelios M. , Papadopoulos Pericles , Matiadou Niki-Lina , Hanias Michael P. , Stavrinides Stavros G. , Balasis Georgios , Contoyiannis Yiannis
Published: July 2023

In this work, first, it is confirmed that a recently introduced symbolic time-series-analysis method based on the prime-numbers-based algorithm (PNA), referred to as the “PNA-based symbolic time-series analysis method” (PNA-STSM), can accurately determine the exponent of the distribution of waiting times in the symbolic dynamics of two symbols produced by the 3D Ising model in its critical state. After this numerical verification of the reliability of PNA-STSM, three examples of how PNA-STSM can be applied to the category of systems that obey the dynamics of the on–off intermittency are presented. Usually, such time series, with on–off intermittency, present bimodal amplitude distributions (i.e., with two lobes). As has recently been found, the phenomenon of on–off intermittency is associated with the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of the second-order phase transition. Thus, the revelation that a system is close to SSB supports a deeper understanding of its dynamics in terms of criticality, which is quite useful in applications such as the analysis of pre-earthquake fracture-induced electromagnetic emission (also known as fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation) (FEME/FEMR) signals. Beyond the case of on–off intermittency, PNA-STSM can provide credible results for the dynamics of any two-symbol symbolic dynamics, even in cases in which there is an imbalance in the probability of the appearance of the two respective symbols since the two symbols are not considered separately but, instead, simultaneously, considering the information from both branches of the symbolic dynamics.
Wastewater Hydroponics for Pollutant Removal and Food Production: Principles, Progress and Future Outlook
Authors: Mai Chao , Mojiri Amin , Palanisami Swaminathan , Altaee Ali , Huang Yuhan , Zhou John L.
Published: July 2023

As the global population reaches eight billion, large quantities of wastewater (domestic, industrial, livestock) need to be treated in an efficient, green, and environmentally friendly manner. Wastewater hydroponics technology (HP) can efficiently remove various pollutants (conventional and emerging pollutants, heavy metals, and microorganisms) and create economic benefits. This paper aims to systematically review the principles, applications, and limitations of wastewater hydroponics technology in the context of pollution and nutrient removal. Unlike constructed wetlands, wastewater hydroponics has been proven to be effective in removing pollutants through small-scale in situ restoration. For instance, the average removal of COD, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) was more than 70%, 60%, 80%, 64.2%, and 49.5%, respectively. However, HP technology still has the disadvantages of high energy consumption, complex control parameters, and low public acceptance of using wastewater for planting crops. Therefore, further research is needed to reduce system energy consumption. In addition, hybrid technologies, such as two-stage hydroponics that use aquatic plants (algae or aquatic floating weeds) to recycle pollutant-containing wastewater nutrients for hydroponics, should be further developed.
Deep-Learning-Enhanced CT Image Analysis for Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity of Coarse-Grained Soils
Authors: Peng Jiayi , Shen Zhenzhong , Zhang Wenbing , Song Wen
Published: July 2023

Permeability characteristics in coarse-grained soil is pivotal for enhancing the understanding of its seepage behavior and effectively managing it, directly impacting the design, construction, and operational safety of embankment dams. Furthermore, these insights bridge diverse disciplines, including hydrogeology, civil engineering, and environmental science, broadening their application and relevance. In this novel research, we leverage a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to achieve the accurate segmentation of coarse-grained soil CT images, surpassing traditional methods in precision and opening new avenues in soil granulometric analysis. The three-dimensional (3D) models reconstructed from the segmented images attest to the effectiveness of our CNN model, highlighting its potential for automation and precision in soil-particle analysis. Our study uncovers and validates new empirical formulae for the ideal particle size and the discount factor in coarse-grained soils. The robust linear correlation underlying these formulae deepens our understanding of soil granulometric characteristics and predicts their hydraulic behavior under varying gradients. This advancement holds immense value for soil-related engineering and hydraulic applications. Furthermore, our findings underscore the significant influence of granular composition, particularly the concentration of fine particles, on the tortuosity of water-flow paths and the discount factor. The practical implications extend to multiple fields, including water conservancy and geotechnical engineering. Altogether, our research represents a significant step in soil hydrodynamics research, where the CNN model’s application unveils key insights into soil granulometry and hydraulic conductivity, laying a strong foundation for future research and applications.
Fundamental Study on the Development of an Inexpensive Velocity Meter for River Floods Using Stagnation Points
Authors: Ouchi Akito , Shimatani Yukihiro , Takata Hiroshi , Minagawa Tomoko
Published: July 2023

In recent years, climate change has occurred on a global scale, causing frequent flooding in many regions. In response to this situation, watershed-wide flood management is attracting attention around the world as a promising approach. Under these situations, Japan has also made a policy shift to watershed-based flood management, which aims to manage floods and control runoff in the entire watershed. For this management, it is essential to obtain areal hydraulic information, especially flow information, from each location in the watershed. To measure river flow, it is necessary to measure water level and velocity. While it is becoming possible to make area-based observations of water levels using simple methods, various attempts have been made to measure the velocity, but continuous data cannot be obtained using simple methods. Low-cost flow velocity meters would facilitate the simultaneous and continuous accumulation of data at multiple points and enable the acquisition of areal flow information for watersheds, which is important for watershed-based flood management. This study aims to develop an inexpensive, simple velocity meter that can be used to make areal measurements within watersheds, and to make this velocity meter usable by residents, thereby contributing to citizen science. Therefore, experimental studies were conducted on a method of measuring flow velocity based on the simple physical phenomenon of rising water surface elevations due to increased pressure at the stagnation point. First, we placed the cylinders in the river or waterway, observed the afflux, and compared the velocities calculated using Bernoulli’s theorem with the velocities at the experimental site. By multiplying the calculated flow velocity by 0.9, the average flow velocity was found to be obtained. Then, by using a large pitot tube with a hole diameter of about 5 mm, the rise in water level in the pitot tube was measured using a pressure-type water level meter, and the flow velocity was calculated using the pitot tube theory and compared with the flow velocity at the location of the hole at the experimental site. By multiplying the calculated velocity by 1.04, the velocity at the location of the hole can be obtained. In addition, the same experiment was conducted using a pitot tube with a slit. The slit tube was placed vertically with the slit facing upstream. Measurements were taken in the same method as for the pitot tube velocity meter and compared to the velocity at that point. By multiplying the calculated flow velocity by 0.99, the average flow velocity at that location can be obtained. These results indicate that a flow velocity measurement method utilizing stagnation points can lead to the development of inexpensive velocity meters. Because of the simplicity of this meter, there is a possibility that citizens can participate in the observation to obtain information on the flow velocity during floods and areal information within a watershed.
Water Holding Capacity of Some Bryophyta Species from Tundra and North Taiga of the West Siberia
Authors: Volkova Irina I. , Volkov Igor V. , Morozova Yana A. , Nikitkin Viktor A. , Vishnyakova Evgenia K. , Mironycheva-Tokareva Nina P.
Published: July 2023

Functional traits are a set of characteristics that are expressed in the phenotype of an individual organism as a response to the environment and their impact on the ecosystem’s properties. They are positioned at the crossroads between the response and influence of the organisms, creating a certain interest in functional ecological and evolutionary fields. Due to this unique position, they are divided into two categories: effect functional traits and response functional traits. Effect traits describe the influence of the species on the environment regardless of whether such traits are an adaptive advantage to the individual or not. In Bryophyta, one of the most important effect traits is water holding capacity (WHC), which is their means of regulating ecosystem hydrology. On a global scale, mosses’ WHC is manifested in the slowdown of the large water cycle, in the storage of huge volumes of fresh water by peatlands and in the enormous paludification of Western Siberia. The main goal of our research was to obtain the water holding capacity measurements of tundra and taiga moss species to establish the base and foundation for environmental monitoring in the north of Siberia—the region with the most rapidly changing climate. Both the capacity to hold water within the moss tissues (WHC) and the capacity to hold water externally between the morphological structures (leaves, branches, rhizoids, etc.) (WHCe) were measured. In total, 95 samples of 9 Sphagnum and 5 true mosses species were involved to the research; some species were collected at two or three sampling sites within two natural zones/subzones that gave us the opportunity to compare the WHC along the meridional transection. In average, the northern taiga samples showed slightly higher WHC than tundra samples, probably due to the environmental specifics of the habitat—the taiga habitats were more moist, while the tundra was drier. Overall, in the majority of species, the standard deviation calculation revealed that the variability of WHCe is significantly higher than that of WHC. Such high variability in WHCe may be explained in regard to the morphological features of each individual considerably shifting between the samples of the same species while the anatomical features retain more stable results.
How to Resolve Transboundary River Water Sharing Disputes
Authors: Hossen Mohammad , Connor Jeff , Ahammed Faisal
Published: July 2023

There are more than 260 transboundary rivers in the world, which are sometimes the cause of conflict. Therefore, management of these rivers is important not only for the economy but also for harmony and peace. Various methods are followed to resolve water-sharing disputes. A systematic review was carried out to determine how water disputes are resolved. It was found that cooperation, mediation, perfect river basin organisation, a proper monitoring system, information exchange, and benefit-sharing are the keys to success. On the other hand, non-cooperation, disregard of international water laws, water hegemony, imbalance of military power, and the absence of a proper institution, mediator, or benefit-sharing approach are the causes for failure of transboundary river management. This study also summarised the evaluation report of the river basin management and diagnosed whether the riparian countries are successful in conflict management, diagnosing 53% of the river basins as successful, 35% as unsuccessful, and 12% as neutral (neither successful nor unsuccessful). This result indicates that there is dissatisfaction with 35% transboundary rivers of the world. It was also revealed that the most frequently identified mode for resolving water conflict is benefit-sharing.
Os Planos Diretores Municipais como resultado da intersecção entre a política urbana brasileira e a Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil
Authors: Pinheiro Eduardo , Ferentz Larissa , Fonseca Murilo
Published: July 2023

A intersecção de políticas públicas costuma ser uma das falhas mais evidentes do âmbito governamental. A lei federal que instituiu a Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil gerou um precedente de transversalidade ao realizar alterações no Estatuto da Cidade, regulamentador dos artigos contidos na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil que tratam da Política Urbana brasileira. Os Planos Diretores Municipais, instrumentos de gestão urbana, passaram por força de lei a ter de levar em conta aspectos relacionados à variável risco de desastre. Quais os aspectos que sofreram modificações, como elas se apresentam e quais as consequências para as cidades encerram a abordagem pretendia por este artigo que se orienta a partir da análise dessas políticas, da legislação e da compulsoriedade dela resultante. A expectativa se concentra no fornecimento de subsídios para a reformulação dos Termos de Referência que pautarão as revisões previstas por lei dos Planos Diretores Municipais existentes, além da necessidade de implementação desse instrumento de gestão urbana aos municípios reconhecidamente detentores de áreas suscetíveis a desastres.
The Influence of Moral Distress and Moral Sensitivity on Moral Courage in Nursing Students
Authors: YUN Hye-Young , KIM Sun-Ki , JANG Hyo-Eun , HWANG Sin-Woo , KIM Sang-Hee
Published: July 2023

Nursing students experience ethical conflicts that lead to moral distress and moral sensitivity in clinical practice. Most nursing students have some difficulty in speaking up when faced with morally challenging situations. Hence, increasing moral courage of these students is important to improve the quality of prac-tice, and carry out nursing responsibilities. However, research on the moral distress, moral sensitivity, and moral courage of nursing students has not been reported in South Korea. The purposes of this study were to (a) identify the levels of moral distress, moral sensitivity, and moral courage of nursing students and (b) examine the influence of moral distress and moral sensitivity on moral courage. Data were collected through a survey using self-reported questionnaires sent to senior nursing students at two nursing col-leges in Seoul and Gyeonggido. A total of 138 senior nursing students participated in the survey. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 program by Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. The mean scores of the moral distress thermometer, moral distress, moral sensitivity, and moral courage were 3.53±2.18, 57.33±43.35, 134.98±13.98, and 56.33±12.75, respectively. The significant factors influencing moral courage were the moral distress thermometer and patient-centered nursing, which was a subcomponent of moral sensitivity. The explanatory power of the model was 5%. This study confirms that nursing students, like nurses, experience moral distress. It is therefore important to create organizational environments that support the moral courage of nursing students.
A Survey of Doctors’ Opinions of the Operating Room CCTV Act
Authors: CHEONG Yoo-Seock , YON Jun-Heum , KANG Bong-Jin
Published: July 2023

The Operating Room CCTV Act, which is subject to a two-year grace period for enforcement, was passed by the National Assembly of South Korea in 2021 in response to complaints from patients and civic groups concerning alleged medical practice cases involving surrogate surgery, unlicensed surgery, sexual harassment of anesthetized patients and the medical conflicts regarding surgical outcomes. This article reports on a survey of the opinions of medical specialists and trainees at two hospitals concerning the contents and expected effects of this bill. The majority of opinions collected reflect dissatisfaction with key elements of the bill; while those surveyed thought it was unlikely that the law would achieve its desired effects (i.e. the prevention of illegal activities, satisfying the right to know), they expressed concerns that the implementation of the bill would adversely affect medical treatment or education and infringe on professional freedom. Accordingly, this article argues that measures are needed to bring about a compromise between the patients and civic groups who support the Operating Room CCTV Act and the medical professionals who oppose it.
Identifying and Planning for Group Travellers in On-demand Mobility Models
Authors: Kagho Grace , Balac Milos
Published: July 2023

This is a pre-print paper submitted to the  IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The paper presents a study that uses a Swiss synthetic travel demand where car drivers and passengers are modelled separately to identify group travellers for a dynamic ridesharing simulation.

Edit: Updating with a revised paper
Analysis of the Effect of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Trust of Security on Customer Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction on the OVO Application
Authors: Kenyta Claudia
Published: July 2023

Currently, mobile payment services in Indonesia are developing. One of the mobile payment services that have the most users is OVO. This research was conducted to know the effect of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and trust of consumers on customer satisfaction and loyalty The data in this study were obtained from distributing questionnaires to OVO users in the Surabaya area with the criteria of having used OVO for more than three months. Questionnaires were distributed to 262 respondents, and there were 202 respondents who met the criteria for further testing. The result data were processed using the CB-SEM method with SPSS and AMOS programs. The results of this study show that in the OVO application, perceived ease of use has no significant effect on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have no significant effect on user satisfaction, trust of security has a significant effect on customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty
The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Transactional Leadership on Motivation Moderated by Reward on Employee Performance (Study on Cv. Galaxy Mega Indah)
Authors: Umam A.K Rafifil
Published: July 2023

Galaxy Mega Indah is a company engaged in the distribution of consumer good products. In terms of performance,  policies related to reward, work motivation, and leadership style in  CV are needed. Mega Galaxy Beautiful. The purpose of the study was to test the influence of transformational and transactional leadership with work motivation on performance moderated by rewarding employees. This research is quantitative. The population and sample  of the study constituted all 50 employees.  Data analysis techniques using SEM-PLS with Smart-PLS 3.0 and SPSS 23 software.  Hasil research concluded that: (1) Transformational leadership does not have a significant effect on the work motivation of CV employees. Galaksi Mega Indah; (2) Transactional leadership has no significant effect on the work motivation of CV employees; (3) Rewarding does not moderate the effect of transformational leadership on the work motivation of CV employees. Galaksi Mega Indah; (4) Reward provision does not moderate the effect of transactional leadership on the work motivation of CV employees; and (5) Work motivation has a significant positive effect on the performance of CV employees. Mega Galaxy Beautiful.
Sustainability Business in Family Companies Through Good Corporate Governance Practices Related to Aspects of Business Legality in The Digital Era
Authors: Pottag Anis Tiana
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to provide insight and education to family business actors to pay attention to the legality aspects of their business in the digital era by focusing on good corporate governance in order to create a sustainable business. This research uses the Quasi-Qualitative method to examine more deeply related to the improvement of Sustainability Business in Family Companies through Good Corporate Governance Practices and Aspects of Business Legality in the Digital Era.  The object of research is the family company PT Tiana Pottag Group. Sample research using purposive sampling technique, namely family business owners (Owners), Directors of companies, and Representatives of the company's Legal Department. The data collection method uses in-depth interviews. The validity of data collection used the Triangulation technique.  The analysis method uses the theory of Sustainability Business and the 5 main principles of GCG, namely fairness, transparency, accountability, responsibility, and stakeholders. As a result, Sustainability Business is an important factor because of the form of a company that can survive from time to time.  Protection related to the legality of the business to get legal protection because of the frequent overlapping authority of the family company. The implementation of GCG principles in a family company helps the company to act professionally.
The Role of Corporate Entrepreneurship in The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Leadership and Corporate Culture to Corporate Performance at PT. AS
Authors: Soenardi Eny
Published: July 2023

Technological disruption in this digitalization era has brought technological advances and changes in trends that are quite large and affected in a decline in corporate performance. This study aims to determine the role of corporate entrepreneurship in the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and corporate culture towards increasing corporate performance. The variables studied are entrepreneurial leadership (X 1), corporate culture (X2), corporate entrepreneurship (Y), and corporate performance (Z). The population in this study is all paper mill employee of PT. AS with job level assistant supervisor to general manager. The sample consists of 76 respondents determined using saturated sampling method. Researcher used a statistical analysis model of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and use Partial Least Square (PLS) for analysis tools. Results show that entrepreneurial leadership has an effect on corporate cntreprenurship, corporate culture has an effect on corporate entreprenurship, corporate entrepreneurship has an effect on corporate performance, entrepreneurial leadership has no effect on corporate performance, and corporate culture has not effect on corporate performance at PT. AS.
Perceiving Customer Preferences in Product Innovation of Fashion Startup using Blue Ocean Strategy
Authors: Supranata Livia , Antonio Tony
Published: July 2023

This study aims to investigate the creation of product innovation towards fashion start-up business by applying Blue Ocean Strategy. This study explores customers’ preferences towards fashion product as the basis of fashion product innovation. Furthermore, customers’ preferences also works as the basis for adjustment to the company’s value offered to the market. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach where informants are determined using a combination of snowball sampling and purposive sampling technique with 9 informants, consisting of 5 consumers, 2 competitors, and 2 fashion experts. The research object is Elvier, a fashion start-up brand with evening wear products. The data collection method in this research is done using semi-structured interviews and documentation. Finally, Source triangulation is used to gain validity and reliability for this research. The research finds that design, quality and price were found to be the key drivers for customers’ purchasing decision. Furthermore, brand identity also plays an important role that influences customers’ consideration. Several hidden pain points were also discovered which are used to help creating product innovation that fits the customers’ needs. Perceiving customer’s preferences is practically needed to develop and design innovative product. Blue Ocean Strategy is not only help to map where the company could be, based on customer’s preferences and needs, but also to reveal customer’s hidden pain points as considerations to creatively solve customer’s problem by innovating new product.
The Influence of Marketing Communication and Social Media Marketing on Increasing Brand Awareness to Create an Intention to Buy at University X in Surabaya
Authors: Santoso Vincentius Yasashi Alvin
Published: July 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of marketing communication and social media marketing on increasing brand awareness to increase intention to buy at an University. This study uses quantitative methods using SmartPLS for data processing. The number of respondents in this study were 155 people who were selected by purposive sampling method. The requirements are prospective students who have registered and know marketing communication information at university X. The results show that in marketing communication, events and publicity do not have a significant effect on brand awareness while advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and direct marketing have a significant effect on brand awareness. Meanwhile, brand awareness has a significant effect on intention to buy.