bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residual stability of the craniovertebral segment in its various injuries
Authors: Vetrila S. T. , Kolesov S. V. , Gavryushenko N. S.
Published: February 2022

Residual stability of craniovertebral segment in the most common injuries (odontoid process fractures, ring fractures of C2, Atlas fractures, etc.) was sudied in experiment. The study was performed in 7 cadaveral craniovertebral blocks. The range of movement before and after injuires modelling, the estimation of force that caused the vertebrae displacement using special loading test device were detected. It was shown that in any injury without vertebrae dislocation craniovertebral segment possessed the residual stability. The minor stability was noted in odontoid prosess fractures of II and III types and butchersfractures, the major stability was in the intervertebral disc injuries of C2-C3 and occipital condyle fractures. On the base of experimental and clinical data the conclusion was done that fixation of cervical spine using head support with frontal fixative or halo apparatus were indicated for cranivertebral segement injuries without vertebrae dislocation. In dislocation of vertebrae it was necessary to reduce the dislocation and open surgical intervention for stabilization.
Cytoprotective preparations for the correction of the toxic effect of acrylic bone cement (experimental study)
Authors: Mamaeva E. G. , Anisimova L. O. , Netylko G. I. , Mashkov V. M. , Eropkina E. M. , Churilova I. V.
Published: February 2022

Toxic effect of the methylmetacrylate monomer bone cement was studied in vivo at the experimental model. Marked changes of metabolism and inner organs structure of rabbits was detected. Efficacy of antioxidant and antihypoxant therapy for the decrease of unfourable side action of methylmetacrylate was shown.
Prevention and treatment of complications of polytrauma in the postresuscitation period
Authors: Sokolov V. A.
Published: February 2022

Almost all patients with polytraumas transferred from the intensive care unit to specialized hospitals have general or local complications that determine the tactics and methods of treatment of injuries, and with insufficient diagnosis and prevention, lead to an aggravation of the severity of the condition of the victims, up to the need to return them to the intensive care unit. Among the patients who "survive" before being transferred from the intensive care unit, 80% are patients with injuries of the musculoskeletal system, and they are sent to the trauma department. Thus, the prevention and treatment of post-resuscitation complications in the vast majority of cases is the prerogative of traumatologists. Practice shows that traumatologists are not sufficiently prepared for this, as a result of which they make diagnostic and therapeutic-tactical errors.
Clinical guidelines - a tool for quality assurance of care for patients with low back pain
Authors: Nazarenko G. I. , Polubentseva E. I. , Cherkashov A. M.
Published: February 2022

A serious problem in clinical medicine today is the impossibility of applying all available knowledge to a particular patient in the conditions of a continuously growing flow of information. Hence, a qualitative transition from the banal accumulation of information to the search for specific tools that make it possible to single out only constructive solutions is natural. On the one hand, many often fundamentally new methods of diagnosing and treating various diseases are constantly appearing. On the other hand, their usefulness in correct scientific analysis is not always obvious. In this regard, it is sometimes difficult for a doctor to form a single diagnostic and therapeutic concept. The basis for resolving these contradictions is the so-called evidence-based medicine, which takes into account and promotes the dissemination of only those treatment methods whose effectiveness has been proven by strictly scientific, standardized and unified statistical methods. A tool that helps the practitioner in making a clinical decision and the relevant principles of evidence-based medicine are the "Clinical guidelines" (in the English literature "Clinical guidelines"). This is a document that is compiled by a team of authors, which, as a rule, includes several dozen leading specialists in a particular field of medicine from different countries.
A.H. Mahson, H.E. Makhson. Adequate surgery for tumors of the extremities. Realnoe Vremya Publishing House, Moscow, 2001
Authors: Demichev N. P. , Tarasov A. N.
Published: February 2022

Among the numerous recent journal, monographic and dissertation works devoted to the treatment of bone tumors, the book Adequate surgery of limb tumors by A.N. Makhson and N.E. Makhson - authoritative specialists who have made a significant contribution to the development of bone oncology. It is a logical continuation of the monograph Adequate Surgery for Tumors of the Shoulder and Pelvic Girdle published in 1998 by the same authors. Both books are based on the concept of an adequate operation developed by the authors, which provides for a combination of oncological principles of radical and ablastic surgery with the maximum possible preservation of limb function and the patient's quality of life. In recent years, the term "adequate surgery" has become familiar and understandable to specialists, it is becoming more and more common and invariably associated with specific names. The reviewed monograph summarizes many years of experience of brilliant clinical surgeons, presents the results of the creative development and practical use of methods for adequate treatment of patients with limb tumors in a specialized onco-orthopedic department of a multidisciplinary oncology hospital. The book is beautifully illustrated (77 drawings), which greatly facilitates reading. The material is presented in an accessible way. The monograph consists of an introduction, 7 chapters and a conclusion. The list of references includes 36 domestic and 12 foreign sources.
Mstislav Vasilievich Volkov
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: February 2022

Domestic traumatology and orthopedics, the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences suffered a heavy loss: on December 11, 2001, an outstanding orthopedic traumatologist, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the Government of the Russian Federation, Honored Scientist, Professor Mstislav Vasilievich Volkov, died on December 11, 2001 at the age of 79 .
Pathogenetic treatment of gunshot wounds of extremities
Authors: Kesyan G. A. , Lazarev A. F. , Kondratiev I. E. , Verchenko G. N. , Urazgildeev R. Z. , Chelyapov V. N.
Published: February 2022

Various unknown appropriateness to the development of gunshot wound process were determined on the base of systemic approach. The causes and mechanisms of complication development were detected as well. Several new treatment methods were elaborated, evaluated in experiment and implemented into clinical practice. Addition of antioxydants to the treatment protocol decreased genotoxic effect and the use of elaborated prognosis for the complication development enabled to decrease the rate of purulent complications up to 5.6%.
Tactics of treatment of severe spinal injuries using modern technologies
Authors: Vetrila S. T. , Kolesov S. V. , Borisov A. A.K. Borisov , Kuleshov A. A. , Shvets V. V.
Published: February 2022

The experience in treatment of 139 patients with cervical (71 patients) and thoracolumbar (68 patients) spine injuries is reviewed. The treatment of cervical spine injuries was performed with halo apparatus which was more effective in injuries of upper cervical zone. In 14 patients with lower cervical spine injuries the surgery with Orion system was carried out. All patients with fractures or posttraumatic deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine underwent operative treatment. Eight patients had systemic osteoporosis. Reduction-stabilization operations with decompression and different spondylodesis were also performed. Steffee system was used in 33 cases, Cotrel-Dubousset in 22, Tenor in 7, and Luque in 6 cases. Operative stabilization allowed to achieve primary rigid fixation of the mobile injured lumbar segments for early activization of patients. For the achievement of good outcome the different choice of curative tactics is required. Concomitant osteoporosis significantly influences the long term results. Long term preservation of stability depends on the proper choice and the length of a fixation device as well as on the method of spondylodesis.
Surgical treatment of cruciate ligament injuries of the knee joint (retrospective analysis)
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Mironova Z. S. , Orletsky A. K.
Published: February 2022

Clinical analysis of operative treatment of cruciate ligament ruptures based on forty years experience is presented. During the period from 1962 to 1982 lavsan prosthetic material for the plastic reconstruction of cruciate ligaments was widely used at Sports and Ballet Injury Clinic. Histologic, morphologic, clinical and roentgenologic investigations were performed and data on readaptation of lavsan prosthesis within intrasynovial medium were obtained. Starting from 1983 autoplasty for the restoration of joint stability has been elaborated and introduced into practice. Active dynamic stabilizing operation for chronic posttraumatic knee instability is worked out. Principles of static stabilizing operation on the knee are elaborated. Detailed description of various modifications for knee surgery is presented. The disadvantages of certain surgical techniques and the ways of their avoidance are given. Special attention is paid to arthroscopic intervention. Specific protocol and preventive measures to improve the efficacy of treatment are noted.
Plasty of extensive defects of long bones with vascularized peroneal grafts
Authors: Grishin I. T. , Golubev V. T. , Kroshkin M. M. , Bogdashevsky D. R. , Golubev V. V. , Polotnyanko V. N.
Published: February 2022

The experience in treatment of 130 patients with vast long bone defects using microsurgical plasty with vascularized fibular autogtarfts is generalized. The defects mainly resulted from severe open mechanical and gunshot injuries as well as congenital pseudoarthroses. Long term results were evaluated in 102 patients in terms from 2 to 15 years. Good results were achieved in 89.2%) of patients. In treatment of congenital pseudoarthroses no failed outcomes were detected, while the use of routine method of bone plasty gave up to 80% of unsatisfactory results.
Identification and evaluation of the role of the arthro-medullary connection in the functioning of human joints (experimental study)
Authors: Gavryushenko N. S. , Bulgakov V. G.
Published: February 2022

New components of synovial tissue which provide unusually lower friction in joints were detected. Data on previously unknown ability of capsular-ligamentous tissues to be a conductor of oiling substances into joint cavity were obtained. Composition and significance of osseous fat were determined. Osseous fat was both a oiling substance consists of triglycerides, cholesterine ether and depot of fat-soluble antioxidants. High content of antioxidants was revealed in capsula and bones adjacent to articular cartilage
Treatment system for myoneurogenic foot deformities in adults
Authors: Istomin I. S. , Oganesyan O. V. , Levin A. N.
Published: February 2022

Surgical management for the myoneurogenetic foot deformities is suggested. It is based on the differenciated approach to the elimination of all components of the deformity as possibile. The treatment includes 4 complex operations: 1) surgical intervention on soft tussies in combination with osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone; 2) wedge resection and three-articular arthrodesis of foot joints; 3) wedge resection and four-articular arthrodesis of foot and ankle joints; 4) closed correction of the deformity using hinge-distraction device. Results of the treatment (126 patients, 155 feet) confirmed the efficacy of the suggested methods. In 87%) of cases long-term results were good, in 8.4%) satisfactory and in 4.5% of cases -unsatisfactory.
Diagnosis of giant cell reparative granuloma of the bones of the hands and feet
Authors: Berchenko G. N. , Morozov A. K. , Semenov L. A. , Frantov A. R.
Published: February 2022

Clinical, roentgenologic and morphologic features of giant cell reparative granuloma in wrist and foot bones are presented. Analysis of 2 cases and literature review shows that giant cell reparative granuloma is a rare benign fibrous osseous proliferative process of unknown etiology. No clinical symptoms and roentgenologic signs have specifical features and do not differ a lot from chondroma, giant cell tumor of bone, aneurysmal cyst, brown tumor in hyper- parathyroidism. Correct diagnosis could be made on the base of histologic study taking into account Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase content in blood. The main histologic signs of giant cell reparative granuloma are the following: presence offibroblasts, histiocytes, multinuclear osteoclast-like cells, microbloodstrokes, microcysts, osseous bridges of different maturity degree and not numerous mitoses in connective tissue stroma. Surgical treatment using currettage results in high local recurrence rate (mean 33 39%). The most adequate treatment is surgical intervention with observance of oncologic principles: marginal resection, electrocoagulation and auto- or alloplasty of none defects; in case of severe bone lesions - segmental resection or bone extirpation.
The reaction of the body during the implementation of the spokes of transosseous fixation devices in biologically active zones
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Oganesyan O. V. , Zilov V. G. , Novikov E. B. , Ivannikov S. V.
Published: February 2022

Connection between complications (local and general) and lesions as well as prolonged irritation of biologically active zones by pins during external intraosseous osteosynthesis was detected and proved. Preventive measures of those complications were elaborated. Those preventive measures included insertion of pins beyond active zones after preliminary marking of active points (or canal). Observance of those rules provided decrease of the complication rate by 1.6 times when hinge-distraction devices were used and decrease by 1.8 times in application of reposition- fixation devices. When complications occurred the most radical treatment was either removal of pin that injured the biologically active point or reinsertion of that pin beyond the zone. Analysis of 770 cases (320 patients with hinge-distraction devices and 450 patients with reposition- fixation devices) was taken as a principle of that work.
Arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment of intra-articular injuries of the elbow joint in children
Authors: Ilyin A. S. , Merkulov V. N. , Morozov A. K. , Eskin N. A.
Published: February 2022

Experience in elbow arthroscopy in children (36 patients, 5-16 years) was presented in native literature for the first time. Diagnostic arthroscopy was performed in 4 cases, diagnostic arthroscopy + miniarthrotomy in 3 cases, diagnostic and operative arthroscopy in 29 cases. Comparative assessment of radiologic, ultrasound, CT and arthroscopic data showed evident preference of arthroscopy for the diagnosis of intra-articular elbow injuries in children. Main and additional portals decreasing the probability of neurovascular structure injury were suggested. The technique of diagnostic and operative arthroscopy was determined. The indications for the elbow arthroscopy in children were defined. In 91.7% of patients the positive outcomes with complete or almost complete restoration of elbow function were achieved.
Stabilometry as a method for assessing proprioception in injuries of the capsular-ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint
Authors: Vetrila V. S. , Kosov I. S. , Orletsky A. K.
Published: February 2022

Method of stabilometric examination is suggested to evaluate the rate of proprioceptive control loss for body balance in patients with knee injury. For the improvement of stabilometric information additional functional tests were elaborated. The example of their application is given.
Transposition of the fibula on the supplying vascular pedicle for plasty of defects in the distal femur
Authors: Davis A. E. , Golubev V. G.
Published: February 2022

After preliminary experimental study the bone plasty with vascularised fibular graft was performed to 9 patients with distal femur defects from 1 to 18 cm. Taking into account the advantages and shortcoming of the procedure several variants for transposition of vascularised fibular grafts were elaborated. They included gradual lengthening of vascular pedicle, use of doubled fibular graft to increase the mechanical strength. In all patients the restoration of weight-bearing ability of the limb was achieved by 1 year after surgery.
Reconstruction of the distal humerus in non-united and improperly fused intra-articular fractures using periosteal-cortical autografts on a vascular pedicle
Authors: Milanov N. O. , Zelyanin A. S. , Simakov V. I.
Published: February 2022

Method of reconstruction of distal humerus in ununited and incorrectly consolidated intraarticular fractures was presented. There were 4 patients. To achieve successful reposition of fragments and the restoration of congruence of the articular surfaces, reduction of replaced fragments with correction osteotomy (1 patients) was required. Vascularized periosteal-cortical radius autograft rotated on a vascular pedicle was used as a source of osteogenesis. Radiologic signs of consolidation were noted by 810 weeks. Function of the reconstructed joint meets the requirements of the professional and everyday needs of patient.
Tactics of surgical treatment of congenital pathology of the hand in children
Authors: Alpatov V. N.
Published: February 2022

Results of surgical treatment for congenital hand pathology in children were presented. There were 355 patients with the following pathology: polydactyly (136 patients; syndactyly (125 patients); amniotic disease (26 patients); clinidactyly (25 patients); and other rear forms of congenital hand pathology (23 patients). Five hundred ninety two operations were performed. In symmetric thumb doubling Bilaut-Cloquet operation performed in 23 years old children was shown to be effective. In asymmetric thumb doubling it was necessary to remove the additional thumb and simultaneously to correct the axis of the main thumb. That operation should be performed in children of 12 years old. Separation of fingers using triangular flaps and combined skin plasty was carried out in children of 5-6 years of age. In children under 5-6 years the separation of fingers should be performed when finger axis has been deformed during the growth. Indication to axis correction was its deformity by 1520. Excision of circular amniotic strangulation should be performed using one step advancement of triangular flaps. In severe hand malformations which required multistep surgical interventions the treatment should be started as early as possible.
Metastasis of gastric cancer in the femur in a 17-year-old patient (case report)
Authors: Makhson A. N. , Pavlenko T. V. , Pugachev K. K.
Published: February 2022

Primary gastric cancer is an extremely rare finding in young people. This applies to both children and adolescents [7, 9] and is true even for a sample of patients up to 40 years of age. According to McGill et al. [8], gastric cancer accounts for only 0.05% of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adolescents. It is generally accepted that the manifestations of stomach cancer in young people practically do not differ from those in older age groups. Usually, developing gastric carcinoma proceeds under the guise of peptic ulcer and the correct diagnosis is made only in the later stages, which determines an extremely unfavorable prognosis for this disease. Histologically, gastric cancer in such patients is most often an undifferentiated adenogenic cancer with a diffuse-infiltrative type of growth.
In the city of Lorenz Beler
Authors: Zolotov A. S.
Published: February 2022

I was lucky - I won a grant from the Soros Foundation for an internship in traumatology at the Austrian Hospital in Vienna. The Trauma Clinic, which consists of four 30-bed departments, is located in a huge general hospital, which can be compared to a city. On the ground floor of this "city" there are cafes, restaurants, a hairdresser, a bank, a currency exchange office, a post office, a library for employees, a library for patients, three churches (for Christians, Jews and Muslims), various shops, etc. You can live in this city for weeks, without going anywhere and without feeling the need for anything. I did not see only pharmacy kiosks. Probably they are not needed if the hospital has everything. Even "Canadian" crutches are given to all victims for free. And there are a lot of patients with injuries (together with outpatients) - up to 200 per day. Fresh fractures try to operate in the first hours after the injury. All operations on the bones are accompanied by control with the help of an image intensifier from Siemens. Any type of osteosynthesis tends to be performed through small incisions. External fixation devices are widely used, including Ilizarov devices. In general, to the name of our brilliant compatriot G.I. Ilizarov are treated with great respect. The clinic staff is multinational. The leader is Professor Vilmos Vechey, originally from Hungary. Before the tragic events of 1956 in Budapest, he wore a red tie and managed to be a pioneer. Then he emigrated with his parents to Austria, where he made a brilliant career. There are doctors from Iran, India, Ukraine on the staff.
Передний мини-инвазивный экстраперитон бальный доступ к позвоночнику на уровне t12-s1
Authors: Lazennec J. Y. , Pouzet В. , Ameltchenko М. , Mora N. , Saillant G.
Published: February 2022

Anterior mini-invasive approach to the spine that enables to achieve all levels from T12 to SI is described. This approach can be used both in injuries and in degenerative pathology of the spine. Surgical results were studied roentgenologically and that gave us the possibility to assess the performed osteosynthesis and the equilibrium in the sagittal plane. The suggested approach is the continuation of classical anterior approaches and it provides significant advantages for the performance of various surgical interventions at all levels of the lumbar spine without damaging the muscles. Theoretically it possesses neither neurologic risk nor the problem of blood loss which occur when intervertebral transplantation is performed via the posterior approach. Anterior extraperitoneal mini-approach enables to adjust the size of the graft and to perform the correction of sizable deformities using either rigid or semirigid graft. It can also be the only choice in case of considerable loss of posterior bone mass, weakness of the posterior graft and infection in the zone of the posterior approach.
Syndrome of the intervertebral and sacroiliac joints ("facet syndrome") in the pathology of the lumbosacral spine
Authors: Musalatov Kh. A. , Chensky A. D. , Makirov S. K. , Slinyakov L. Yu.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the work was to detection of facet syndrome of lower lumbar intervertebral and sacro-iliac joints in various types of spine pathology. In 1044 patients with facet syndrome the examination and treatment results were analysed. Manual therapy was shown to be one of the main methods for the treatment of facet syndrome with functional block. The application of that method enabled to achieve good and satisfactory results in 97,5% of cases.
Evolution of structural and functional changes in the lumbar segment in dysplastic diseases of the spine
Authors: Prodan A. I. , Kolesnichenko V. A.
Published: February 2022

Structural and functional changes of the lumbar segments in dysplastic spine diseases are considered as a continuous dysplastic dystrophic process. The background of this process is a structural abnormality of the spine segment. Destructive effect of external factors (e.c. loading) results in the adaptative remodeling, development of compensatory accommodative reactions followed by their exhaustion and decompensation with corresponding clinical manifestations.
Surgical treatment of juvenile progressive scoliosis (staged message)
Authors: Mikhailovsky M. V. , Novikov V. V. , Vasyura A. S. , Udalova I. G. , Rusinova V. T. , Lebedev M. N.
Published: February 2022

At the Department of Child and Adolescent Vertebrology of Novosibirsk SRI TO a multi-step technique was used for the surgical treatment of 21 patients with progressive juvenile scoliosis. That technique included epiphysiospondylodesis on the convex side of curvature, step by step distraction with endocorrector from the Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation set and completely posterior spondylodesis at the age of sexual maturation. Six out of 21 patients completed treatment; the deformity was decreased from 74.6 to 41.5 and the achieved correction has been almost completely preserved. That surgical technique did not disturb the growth of patients trunk (mean growth rate was 6 cm per year). Torsion component of the deformity did not increase confirming the efficacy of epiphysiospondylodesis. Mean follow up made up 27 months. In spite of the significant number of complications the obtained results testified the prospectiveness of that direction.
The immune status of patients with scoliosis
Authors: Kosmiadi G. A. , Vetrila S. T. , Kuleshov A. A.
Published: February 2022

In 37patients with scoliosis, aged 729, immunologic status was studied in pre- and postoperative periods. Material for the study was blood, cerebrospinal fluid, intervertebral disk tissue (tissues of nucleus pulposus and fibrous ring removed intraoperatively). Content of blood lymphocytes; percentage of main lymphocyte subpopulations possessing CD3, CD4, CD8 (T-cells including chelpers and cytotoxic effectors), CD 16 (natural killers) and CD20 (В-cells) markers; lymphocyte activation and proliferation capacity stimulated by activator (mitogen). Analysis of data obtained allowed to define 2 groups of patients. In the 1st group including the majority of patients (n=29) preoperative indices were not significantly different as compared to mean normal ones and postoperative ly those indices restored rapidly. Second group of patients showed preoperative change of at least one index of immunologic status. It allowed to consider that group of patients as a risk group. That group was characterized by the following: patients' age was under 13 years, scoliosis of IV degree, tendency to decrease of CD3+, CD4+ cell content and reduce their functional activity, tendency to increase of CD 16+ cell content. Study of cerebrospinal fluid and intervertebral disk tissue on the top of deformity did not reveal intratissue lymphocytes. It testified that the processes causing the development of scoliotic spine deformity proceeded without direct participation of immune system.
Predicting the outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with chronic disability due to pain in the lumbar spine
Authors: Watkins IV R. G. , Cairns D. M. , Williams L. A. , Yeung Ch. A. , Watkins III R. G.
Published: February 2022

Patients qualifying for spinal fusion to relieve chronic lumbar disability completed several instruments that use personality inventory data, demographic data, and medical history in predicting the clinical success of such surgery. Pre-surgical evaluation was effective in identifying patients who were likely to report роог/fair outcomes regarding pain and function, and patients who were more likely to return to work.
Thermometry in the diagnosis of ankle injuries
Authors: Raspopov E. A. , Udartsev E. Yu.
Published: February 2022

Examination results on 12 patients with closed injuries of the ankle joint capsular-ligamentous system are presented. Together with the traditional clinical and roentgenologic methods, ultrasonography and thermometry were used for the assessment of the injury severity. It is shown that thermometry is the informative method for the determination of the early postinjury reactive inflammation severity in the zone of injury. The elaborated monitoring of the skin temperature changes in the symmetric points of the injured and intact extremities enabled to evaluate the markedness of metabolic disturbances, the pattern and rate of reparative processes in the zone of injury, as well as to determine the time of their completion.
Transosseous osteosynthesis in fractures of the trochanteric region of the femur
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Gorodnichenko A. I. , Uskov O. N. , Sorokin G. V.
Published: February 2022

In 97 patients with fractures of femoral trochanteric zone the treatment was performed by transosseous osteosynthesis using Gorodnichenko rod device. The number of inserted rods depended on fracture pattern as well as presence or absence of osteoporosis. Experimental biomechanic study showed the firmness and stability of fixation achieved. Elaborated surgical technique ensured the precision of rods insertion, minimum traumatization of the surrounding soft tissues and bone, thus providing significant decrease of blood loss and shortening the duration of operation. In all patients including the elderly and senile patients aggravated by concomitant diseases the results were favourable. Good results were achieved in 84,5% and satisfactory in 15,5%) of cases.
Transosseous osteosynthesis with external fixation devices in the treatment of fracture-dislocation of the humerus
Authors: Pankov I. O.
Published: February 2022

The results of transosseous osteosynthesis for humerus dislocation-fractures using external fixation device were analysed. There were 9 patients with such injury. The assembling of device and tactics of treatment were described. In 8 patients follow-up period ranged from 1 to 8 years. One patient had an excellent result with full restoration of shoulder joint function. In 4 patients the outcomes were good and in 3 patients satisfactory.
Pathohistological features of foci of traumatic osteomyelitis and some clinical and morphological parallels
Authors: Grigorovsky V. V.
Published: February 2022

Histologic examination of the structure of traumatic osteomyelitic foci in acute and chronic stages, types of bone tissue lesions was performed in experimental morphologic and clinical biopsy material. Differences in various inflammatory changes rates in patients groups were statistically determined. In chronic stage the osteomyelitic focus showed centrally located necrosis and exudate surrounded by internal, fibrous and osseous membranes of the focus capsule. Lesions of bone tissue were heterogenic and stipulated not only by inflammatory process but the ischemic effect as well: osteonecroses, purulent osteonecroses, complete and incomplete sequesters should be differentiated in the affected bone. The rate of various types of inflammation within the internal membrane of focus capsule was reliably different depending on the term of osteomyelitic process (inflammation of high activity was more common under 1 year) and on the fragments fixation method (inflammation of high activity was more often noted in metallosteosynthesis).
Influence of distraction bone regenerate on blood circulation in limbs (experimental study)
Authors: Shevtsov V. I. , Bunov V. S. , Gordievsky N. N.
Published: February 2022

Experimental staged study of blood flow in crus lengthening by Ilizarov was performed in 23 adult dogs. The results of electromagnetic flowmetry showed that distraction of crus tissues contributed to the decrease of the rate by volume in the femoral artery but the formation of the distraction bone regenerate - to its increase. Lengthening of the crus was accompanied by the accelerated transit of blood from the arterial bed to the venous one which was maintained by the vascular network of bone regenerate. Basing on the changes in pressure gradient it has been concluded that stimulation of blood circulation in the extremity was dependent on the responce of cardio-vascular system as a whole.
Thermographic diagnostics of instability of endoprostheses of large joints with assessment of somatosympathetic vasomotor reflex
Authors: Krupatkin A. I. , Balberkin A. V. , Baranetsky A. L.
Published: February 2022

Forty two patients with total hip (12 patients) and total knee (30 patients) replacements were examined by computer thermography method. Total joint replacement was performed after bone tumor resection. It was shown that additional afferent impulsation occured at implant loosening and the degree of vertical polysegmental irradiation of sympathic neurons excitation as well as the deficit of spinal cord inhibition on the side of arthroplasty incresed. Thermographic evaluation of the amplitute and volume of somatosympathic vasomotor reflex is an effective for the diagnosis of joint prosthesis loosening and it is subsidiary to the radiologic control.
CHALLENGES IN HIGHER ONLINE EDUCATION: DISCOURAGING FRAUDULENT ATTEMPTS ON ONLINE EXAMS
Authors:   Accounting, Business Information Systems and Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza of Iasi, Romania, Georgescu Mircea Radu , Berechet Lucian Daniel
Published: February 2022

It has been more than a year since the coronavirus pandemic pushed higher education even more towards an online format, along with many of its key-activities involved. When it comes to transitioning from conventional face-to-face examination to fully online assessment, the use of e-learning tools such as Moodle may bring multiple benefits but they could also raise a lot of concerns. One of the main concerns refers to content leakage, which involves the unauthorized distribution of the exam subjects, such as question banks, or sharing the quiz attempts with colleagues. When this happens, it can hinder the integrity of the online exams and their unique content, and of course, it will impact grades. There could be various causes for content leaks, such as lack of supervision or maybe settings incorrectly applied to quizzes. However, these could be some of the contributing factors that are enabling students to cheat. In light of the above, the aim of this paper is straightforward: to identify and outline the most important and feasible key-measures that could be adopted in order to detect and prevent or (at least substantially) decrease cheating during online exams. As we will further see, the real challenge appears when it comes to tracking down and grasping cheat scenarios. Fortunately, in this approach, we can mix the facilities provided by technologies used in online classes.
EARLY IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SLOVENIA; BASED ON GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP MONITOR DATA
Authors:   Department for Entrepreneurship and Business Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor,Slovenia, Crnogaj Katja
Published: February 2022

As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads around the globe, entrepreneurs, their ventures and societies face unprecedented challenges. Entrepreneurship fosters the innovation needed not only to take advantage of new opportunities, boost productivity and create employment, but also to address the economic shockwave triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Slovenia, as a small open economy, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic. Therefore, the main objective of the paper is to analyse and compare how the entrepreneurial sector responded to the first lockdown situation in Slovenia. The data will be obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database and the results will be compared with European countries. The question is whether the response of the entrepreneurial sector was to some extent dependent on the response of the government. The results allow a first approximation of the rapid changes that entrepreneurs have to face in order to adapt to the new scenario and prevent the deterioration of the economy or its reconstruction. Government policies need to be adapted to the economy's developmental level and depend on the type of entrepreneurship that needs to be encouraged. Policy makers need to create coherent, holistic and conducive frameworks for entrepreneurs to thrive in a post COVID -19 world. In sum, there is much potential for small businesses to contribute to the “post-covid economy”, especially if they are empowered through targeted support measures.
QuakeLabeler: A Fast Seismic Data Set Creation and Annotation Toolbox for AI Applications
Authors: Mai Hao , Audet Pascal
Published: February 2022

The production and preparation of data sets are essential steps in machine learning (ML) applications. With the increasing volume and scale of available ML techniques in seismology, annotating seismograms or seismic features has become time consuming and tedious for many researchers. Furthermore, most methods train and validate on unique data subsets, which hampers independent performance evaluation and comparison. To address this problem, we have developed the software QuakeLabeler, an open-source Python package to customize, build, and manage earthquake training data sets, including processing and visualization. QuakeLabeler has tight pipeline functions, which include retrieving seismograms from multiple online data centers, querying online human-reviewed catalogs, signal processing, annotating (labeling), and analyzing data distribution. In addition, relevant statistical graphics and human-readable output files can be generated. Various file export formats are supported, such as Seismic Analysis Code (*.sac), mini Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (*.mseed), NumPy (*.npz), MATLAB (*.mat), and the Hierarchical Data Format version 5 (*.hdf5). This toolbox is packaged with an interactive command-line interface. Three alternative running modes (beginner, advanced, and benchmark) are implemented, intended to offer specific data set solutions for different types of applications, that is, quick-start recipes for simple ML solutions, advanced design for customized project training, and benchmark bulletins for model comparison.
Numerical investigation of the heat transfer enhancement inside a square duct with rectangular vortex generators
Authors: AL-DULAIMI Mustafa J. , KAREEM Fadhil Abdulrazzaq , HAMAD Faik A.
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates numerically the influence of detached square vortex generator (VGs) on the heat transfer and pressure drop inside a square duct. Reynolds number is fixed at 5000. The geometrical parameters in this investigation are: i) The blocking ratios are 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2), ii) Vortex generator numbers are 1, 2, and 3), iii) Attack angles are 0, 30, and 45, iv) The aspect ratios are 1, 1.5 and 2. The numerical simulation is carried out using ANSYS FLUENT 15 . The results show that the rectangular vortex generators have a positive influence on heat transfer as a result of the augmentation in turbulence level. The maximum enhancement in average heat transfer could reach 40%. The heat transfer is found to increase with the blocking ratio. The heat transfer enhanced by 17% for one VG and 28% for 3 VGs for blocking ratio = 0.2. The VGs at angle value of 45° produce the highest heat transfer enhancement. The aspect ratio is found to have an adverse effect on heat transfer rate.
Thermoeconomic analysis and multi-objective optimization of a novel trigeneration system consisting of kalina and humidification- dehumidification desalination cycles
Authors: BEHNAM Pooria , FAEGH Meysam , FAKHARI Iman , AHMADI Pouria , FAEGH Ehsan , ROSEN Marc A.
Published: February 2022

Low-temperature geothermal heat sources have the highest share of geothermal energy in the world. Utilization of these heat sources for energy and freshwater generation can play an important role in meeting energy and freshwater demands. To do so, this study aims to propose a novel trigeneration cycle powered by low-temperature geothermal sources. The proposed system, which is an integration of Kalina and humidification-dehumidification (HDH) cycles, is used for the generation of electricity, heating, and freshwater. For the Kalina cycle, an evaporative condenser is used. It also acts as a humidifier and heater of the humidification-dehumidification desalination cycle, resulting in a reduction in the complexity of the trigeneration system. A comprehensive thermoeconomic analysis and multi-objective optimization of the new trigeneration system are performed. First, a detailed parametric study is carried out to investigate the effects of key design parameters, including turbine inlet pressure, condenser temperature, basic solution ammonia concentration, air mass flow rate and heat source temperature, on the thermoeconomic criteria. Then, a multi-objective optimization is conducted to determine the best design parameters, considering exergy and total cost rate as the objective functions. The optimal solution Pareto frontier indicates that the exergy efficiency and total cost rate vary in the range of 14.9–41.6% and 1.13–2.19 $/h, respectively. Analyses of the scattered distributions of design parameters reveal that lower heat source temperatures tend to optimize the objective functions. However, altering other design parameters has a significant effect on the trade-off between exergy efficiency and total cost rate.
Experimental investigation of heat transfer characteristics of an inverse diffusion flame in a coaxial tube burner for with and without swirl
Authors: BADIGER Shankar , KATTI Vadıraj V. , ANIL T.r.
Published: February 2022

Heat transfer by flame jet impingement is widely used in many of the industrial and domestic applications like heating metal bars, scrap melting, shaping the glass, metal slab cutting, domestic cooking and others. Aim of the present experimental work is to study an effect of swirl on a local heat flux distribution of an inverse diffusion flame (IDF) jet impinging on a flat target surface in a coaxial tube burner. The twisted tape of twist ratio 3 (corresponding to the swirl number, S = 0.52) is used to create a swirl in the central air jet of the burner. The flame shapes and heat flux distributions are compared for the with and without swirling IDF under the different air jet Reynolds number (Rea) of 1000 to 2500, equivalence ratio (ϕ) of 0.4 to 1.3 and a burner-to-impingement plate distance (H) of 10 to 100mm. The distributions of heat fluxes are studied within a radius of 75 mm from the point of stagnation on an impingement plate. Results show that the swirling IDF helps in clean combustion of the fuel with much shorter flame height. Swirling in the flame jet enhances the peak heat flux for the higher air jet Reynolds number for slightly fuel rich conditions of ϕ = 1.1 at the optimal burner-to-target plate distance of 40 mm.
Digital libraries and web 2.0
Authors: Kaushik Sudha
Published: February 2022

With the changing scenario in information generation, need, availability and dissemination the libraries' perspective is changing very rapidly. In pandemic situation the need and methods are also changed at large scale at ground level. The different meanings of the phrase “Library 2.0” as it is used in discussions on librarianship, and its relationship to Web 2.0; and the potential uses of social software (e.g. blogs, news feeds, social bookmarking) to enhance interaction with library users are discussed in this paper by the authors.
Impact of library automation services in govt. first grade college libraries in Kolar district: A survey
Authors: Babuprasad K C
Published: February 2022

To investigate the impact of Library automation services in Govt. First grade college libraries in kolar district. The investigators used a questionnaire and interviews. They chose samples on the basis of a stratified sampling method and administered the questionnaire according to a random method for collecting the data. In this study revealed that 7 of 8 libraries are completely automated. Seventy per cent of librarians believe that automation has improved their library’s services, while 85 per cent of users believe that an automated library system is better than the traditional manual system. Of the eight libraries, one library has a shortage of general staff to deal with automation services. The investigators could only select all the institutions for his study. Although so many studies of the same kind have already been conducted on library automation services in different areas of world, this paper revealed the current status of library automation services in Govt. First grade college libraries in kolar district.
Research Insights: How Much Did Mobility Change among High and Low-Income Individuals during the Pandemic?
Authors: Aromi Daniel , Bonel María Paula , Cristia Julian P. , Llada Martín , Palomino Luis
Published: February 2022

Antes de la pandemia, el ingreso y la movilidad estaban correlacionados positivamente. Concretamente, el porcentaje de personas que se desplazaban más de 1 km al día era 15 puntos porcentuales más alto entre las personas de ingresos altos que entre sus contrapartes de ingresos bajos. Al comienzo de la pandemia (entre abril y junio de 2020), ambos grupos experimentaron importantes reducciones de la movilidad. Sin embargo, las personas de ingresos altos redujeron la movilidad en 19 puntos porcentuales más comparadas con las personas de ingresos bajos. Estos patrones pueden atribuirse parcialmente al hecho de que las personas de ingresos altos tienen más probabilidades de tener empleos que puedan realizar de forma remota. También pueden tener más ahorros que les permitan dejar de trabajar si el teletrabajo no es viable.
Research Insights: Risk Transfer for Multilateral Development Banks: Obstacles and Potential
Authors: Galizia Federico , Perraudin William , Powell Andrew , Turner Timothy
Published: February 2022

La transferencia de riesgo se refiere a un conjunto de técnicas que permiten a los Bancos Multilaterales de Desarrollo (BMDs) transferir riesgos de su balance, liberando espacio para más préstamos a los países en vías de desarrollo a bajas tasas de interés. Existe el potencial para un uso más amplio de la transferencia de riesgo, que complementa otros aumentos de capital de los BMDs de los accionistas. Sin embargo, hay diversos obstáculos que limitan las posibilidades de transferencia de riesgos. Por esto, proporcionamos recomendaciones específicas a los responsables internacionales de las políticas para desbloquear el potencial de estas técnicas.
Designing a Results-Based Financing Model: Recommendations and Guidelines
Authors: Holler Siegrid , Haro Lucia , Villalobos Juan Camilo , Pérez, Ana María , Sarmiento Caldas Felipe
Published: February 2022

Results-Based Financing Models are innovative mechanisms that seek to accelerate results by shifting the focus from the traditional model of paying for activities and inputs to paying for results. In addition to increasing impact on the different actions, the models also allow for flexibility and adaptability of these actions always seeking those that are most cost-effective to achieve results. Also, these mechanisms increase transparency and accountability of the agents as results are verified by independent and external audits. Finally, and most importantly, results-based financing models promotes systemic change that is sustainable through time. Thus, this document looks to provide recommendations and guidelines on how to design and implement these innovative models contextualized with examples on the education sector.