bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Taenia solium infections based on “mail order” RNA-sequencing of single tapeworm egg isolates from stool samples
Authors: Sadlowski Henrik , Schmidt Veronika , Hiss Jonathan , Kuehn Johannes A. , Schneider Christian G. , Zulu Gideon , Hachangu Alex , Sikasunge Chummy S. , Mwape Kabemba E. , Winkler Andrea S. , Schuelke Markus
Published: December 2021

Combined community health programs aiming at health education, preventive anti-parasitic chemotherapy, and vaccination of pigs have proven their potential to regionally reduce and even eliminate Taenia solium infections that are associated with a high risk of neurological disease through ingestion of T. solium eggs. Yet it remains challenging to target T. solium endemic regions precisely or to make exact diagnoses in individual patients. One major reason is that the widely available stool microscopy may identify Taenia ssp. eggs in stool samples as such, but fails to distinguish between invasive (T. solium) and less invasive Taenia (T. saginata, T. asiatica, and T. hydatigena) species. The identification of Taenia ssp. eggs in routine stool samples often prompts a time-consuming and frequently unsuccessful epidemiologic workup in remote villages far away from a diagnostic laboratory. Here we present “mail order” single egg RNA-sequencing, a new method allowing the identification of the exact Taenia ssp. based on a few eggs found in routine diagnostic stool samples. We provide first T. solium transcriptome data, which show extremely high mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcript counts that can be used for subspecies classification. “Mail order” RNA-sequencing can be administered by health personnel equipped with basic laboratory tools such as a microscope, a Bunsen burner, and access to an international post office for shipment of samples to a next generation sequencing facility. Our suggested workflow combines traditional stool microscopy, RNA-extraction from single Taenia eggs with mitochondrial RNA-sequencing, followed by bioinformatic processing with a basic laptop computer. The workflow could help to better target preventive healthcare measures and improve diagnostic specificity in individual patients based on incidental findings of Taenia ssp. eggs in diagnostic laboratories with limited resources.
Tmprss6-ASO as a tool for the treatment of Polycythemia Vera mice
Authors: Casu Carla , Liu Alison , De Rosa Gianluca , Low Audrey , Suzuki Aae , Sinha Sayantani , Ginzburg Yelena Z. , Abrams Charles , Aghajan Mariam , Guo Shuling , Rivella Stefano
Published: December 2021

Polycythemia Vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm resulting from an acquired driver mutation in the JAK2 gene of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells resulting in the overproduction of mature erythrocytes and abnormally high hematocrit, in turn leading to thromboembolic complications. Therapeutic phlebotomy is the most common treatment to reduce the hematocrit levels and consequently decrease thromboembolic risk. Here we demonstrate that, by using the iron restrictive properties of the antisense oligonucleotides against Tmprss6 mRNA, we can increase hepcidin to achieve effects equivalent to therapeutic phlebotomy. We provide evidence that this less invasive approach could represent an additional therapeutic tool for the treatment of PV patients.
Examining potential gender bias in automated-job alerts in the Spanish market
Authors: Martínez Naroa , Vinas Aranzazu , Matute Helena
Published: December 2021

Numerous field experiments based on the correspondence testing procedure have documented that gender bias influences personnel selection processes. Nowadays, algorithms and job platforms are used for personnel selection processes because of their supposed neutrality, efficiency, and costs savings. However, previous research has shown that algorithms can exhibit and even amplify gender bias. The present research aimed to explore a possible gender bias in automated-job alerts generated in InfoJobs, a popular job platform in Spain. Based on the correspondence testing procedure, we designed eight matched resumes in which we manipulated the gender of the candidate for two different professional sectors (female-dominated vs. male-dominated) and two different levels of age (24 vs. 38). We examined the 3,438 offers received. No significant differences were observed in the automated-job alerts received by female and male candidates as a function of occupation category, salary, and the number of long-term contracts included in the alerts. However, we found significant differences between the female-dominated and the male-dominated sectors in all the mentioned variables. Some limitations and implications of the study are discussed. The data and materials for this research are available at the Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/kptca/.
Health care providers’ awareness of breastfeeding practice recommendations during COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A multicenter study
Authors: Kebede Azmeraw Ambachew , Taye Birhan Tsegaw , Wondie Kindu Yinges , Tiguh Agumas Eskezia , Eriku Getachew Azeze , Mihret Muhabaw Shumye
Published: December 2021

Background

Prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission to newborns is one of the basic components of perinatal care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, scientific evidence is compulsory for evidence-based practices. However, there was a scarcity of evidence on health care providers’ awareness of breastfeeding practice recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia, particularly in the study setting.

Objective

The study aimed at assessing healthcare providers’ awareness of breastfeeding practice recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among healthcare providers in northwest Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 healthcare providers working in hospitals of Gondar province from November 15, 2020, to March 10, 2021. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. Data were collected via a structured-self-administered questionnaire. EPI INFO version 7.1.2 and SPSS version 25 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify associated factors and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p-value of <0.05 was used to declare significant association.

Results

The healthcare providers’ awareness of breastfeeding practice recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic was 40.7% (95% CI: 35.9, 45.6). Working in a tertiary hospital (AOR = 3.69; 95% CI: 2.24, 6.08), using COVID-19 guideline updates (AOR = 3.34; 95% CI: 2.1, 5.3), being trained on COVID-19 (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.74, 4.47), owning a smartphone and/or a computer (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.68), and perceiving that COVID-19 is dangerous (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.01) were factors positively associated with healthcare providers’ awareness of breastfeeding practice recommendations during the pandemic of COVID-19.

Conclusion

Only two in five healthcare providers were aware of recommendations on breastfeeding practice during the COVID-19 pandemic and related to information of accessibility information on COVID-19. Therefore, expanding COVID-19 related information through the provision of COVID-19 training and guidelines to all levels of hospitals would improve health care providers’ awareness of breastfeeding practice recommendations amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 symptoms at time of testing and association with positivity among outpatients tested for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wohl David A. , Barzin Amir H. , Napravnik Sonia , Davy-Mendez Thibaut , Smedberg Jason R. , Thompson Cecilia M. , Ruegsegger Laura , Gilleskie Matt , Weber David J. , Whinna Herbert C. , Miller Melissa B.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection remain incompletely understood, especially among ambulatory, non-hospitalized individuals. With host factors, symptoms predictive of SARS-CoV-2 could be used to guide testing and intervention strategies.

Methods

Between March 16 and September 3, 2020, we examined the characteristics and symptoms reported by individuals presenting to a large outpatient testing program in the Southeastern US for nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA RT-PCR testing. Using self-reported symptoms, demographic characteristics, and exposure and travel histories, we identified the variables associated with testing positive using modified Poisson regression.

Results

Among 20,177 tested individuals, the proportion positive was 9.4% (95% CI, 9.0–9.8) and was higher for men, younger individuals, and racial/ethnic minorities (all P<0.05); the positivity proportion was higher for Hispanics (26.9%; 95% CI. 24.9–29.0) compared to Blacks (8.6%; 95% CI, 7.6–9.7) or Whites (5.8%; 95% CI, 5.4–6.3). Individuals reporting contact with a COVID-19 case had the highest positivity proportion (22.8%; 95% CI, 21.5–24.1). Among the subset of 8,522 symptomatic adults who presented for testing after May 1, when complete symptom assessments were performed, SARS-CoV-2 RNA PCR was detected in 1,116 (13.1%). Of the reported symptoms, loss of taste or smell was most strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection with an adjusted risk ratio of 3.88 (95% CI, 3.46–4.35). The presence of chills, fever, cough, aches, headache, fatigue and nasal congestion also significantly increased the risk of detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA, while diarrhea or nausea/vomiting, although not uncommon, were significantly more common in those with a negative test result. Symptom combinations were frequent with 67.9% experiencing ≥4 symptoms, including 19.8% with ≥8 symptoms; report of greater than three symptoms increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection.

Conclusions

In a large outpatient population in the Southeastern US, several symptoms, most notably loss of taste or smell, and greater symptom burden were associated with detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Persons of color and those with who were a contact of a COVID-19 case were also more likely to test positive. These findings suggest that, given limited SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity, symptom presentation and host characteristics can be used to guide testing and intervention prioritization.
Ozone ultrafine bubble water inhibits the early formation of Candida albicans biofilms
Authors: Shichiri-Negoro Yuka , Tsutsumi-Arai Chiaki , Arai Yuki , Satomura Kazuhito , Arakawa Shinichi , Wakabayashi Noriyuki
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of ozone ultrafine bubble water (OUFBW) on the formation and growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilms and surface properties of denture base resins. OUFBWs were prepared under concentrations of 6 (OUFBW6), 9 (OUFBW9), and 11 ppm (OUFBW11). Phosphate buffered saline and ozone-free electrolyte aqueous solutions (OFEAS) were used as controls. Acrylic resin discs were made according to manufacturer instructions, and C. albicans was initially cultured on the discs for 1.5 h. A colony forming unit (CFU) assay was performed by soaking the discs in OUFBW for 5 min after forming a 24-h C. albicans biofilm. The discs after initial attachment for 1.5 h were immersed in OUFBW and then cultured for 0, 3, and 5 h. CFUs were subsequently evaluated at each time point. Moreover, a viability assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Alamar Blue assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) test were performed. To investigate the long-term effects of OUFBW on acrylic resin surface properties, Vickers hardness (VH) and surface roughness (Ra) were measured. We found that OUFBW9 and OUFBW11 significantly degraded the formed 24-h biofilm. The time point CFU assay showed that C. albicans biofilm formation was significantly inhibited due to OUFBW11 exposure. Interestingly, fluorescence microscopy revealed that almost living cells were observed in all groups. In SEM images, the OUFBW group had lesser number of fungi and the amount of non-three-dimensional biofilm than the control group. In the Alamar Blue assay, OUFBW11 was found to suppress Candida metabolic function. The qRT-PCR test showed that OUFBW down-regulated ALS1 and ALS3 expression regarding cell-cell, cell-material adhesion, and biofilm formation. Additionally, VH and Ra were not significantly different between the two groups. Overall, our data suggest that OUFBW suppressed C. albicans growth and biofilm formation on polymethyl methacrylate without impairing surface properties.
Assessment of practice of Covid-19 preventive measures and associated factors among residents in Southern, Ethiopia
Authors: Kaso Abdene Weya , Hareru Habtamu Endashaw , Agero Gebi , Ashuro Zemachu
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Coronavirus (Covid-19) is a respiratory disease mostly affecting old aged and those with comorbidities. Due to resource constraints in developing countries, control of Covid-19 was based on preventive measures. However, there is variation in adherence to these precautionary measures from place to place among communities. Therefore, this study assessed the practice of Covid-19 preventive measures and associated factors among residents of Southern, Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was employed on residents of Southern, Ethiopia. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from households through systematic random sampling methods. Data was entered, coded, and analyzed using STATA version 16. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between outcome variables and predictor variables. Finally, the interpretation of Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value was done for statistically significant factors of Covid-19 preventive measures practice.

Results

The proportion of residents who had good practice of Covid-19 preventive measures was 31.3% (95% CI: 26.5, 36.1). Out of 364 residents, 264 (72.5%) used facemasks, 218 (59.9%) washed their hands frequently, 167 (45.9%) practiced social distancing, 135 (37.1%) stayed at home, 75 (18.1%) avoided handshaking and 228 (62.6%) used hand sanitizer. Following government directions (AOR = 225; 95% CI: 68.6, 738), good knowledge about Covid-19 (AOR = 3.47; 95% CI: 1.12, 10.73), having access to water supply (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.05, 8.18), belief towards protectiveness of preventive measure (AOR = 3.53; 95% CI: 1.08, 11.61) and chronic illness (AOR = 5.09; 95% CI: 1.44, 17.96) were significantly associated with practice of Covid-19 preventive measures.

Conclusion

In this study, the proportion of residents practicing Covid-19 preventive measures was low. Having comorbidity, following government directions, knowledge about Covid-19 and access to water supply were significantly associated with Covid-19 preventive measures practice. Therefore, government and all concerned stakeholders should increase the accessibility of infrastructure and provide continuous awareness creation campaigns regarding Covid-19 mode of transmission, sign and symptom, and protectiveness of Covid-19 preventive measures. Moreover, dissemination of teaching aids using local languages and close monitoring of community compliance to Covid-19 preventive measures is crucial.
Demographic differentials of lung cancer survival in Bangladeshi patients
Authors: Islam Muhammad Rafiqul , Hasan A. T. M. Kamrul , Khatun Nazrina , Ridi Ishrat Nur , Rasheed Md. Mamun Or , Islam Syed Mohammad Ariful , Karim Md Nazmul
Published: December 2021

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Demographic differential has been linked with the treatment outcome and survival in recent literature, mostly from the developed world. Considering diversity in population characteristics across income strata, it’s worth assessing the link in low- and middle-income population as well. Current study aimed to assess the association of demographic characteristics with lung cancer survival in Bangladeshi lung cancer patients.

Methods & results

All newly diagnosed primary lung cancer cases attending the national institute of cancer research & Hospital (NICRH), a tertiary cancer care center in Dhaka, Bangladesh between 2018 and 2019 were considered for the study. Demographic information and clinical data were obtained from the patients’ medical records by a trained physician. Survival estimate was generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared across demographic and clinicopathological categories using the log-rank test. Hazard ratio and 95% CI for treatment options are generated fitting multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression.

Among 1868 patients, 84.6% were males and 15.4% were females, average (± standard deviation) age at diagnosis was 59.6±10.9 years, only 10.8% had not consumed tobacco of any form. Around two-thirds of the patient had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score ≥2, 29.5% had at least one comorbidity and 19.4% had metastasis at the time of presentation. Higher survival was associated with institutional education (HR 0.9; 95% CI 0.77, 0.99), and receipt of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.46, 0.65; p <0.001). In contrast, lower survival was associated with older age between 60–69 years (HR 1.3; 95% CI 1.3, 1.5;), age ≥ 70 years (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1, 1.7), having any comorbidity (HR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0, 1.3), with ECOG score ≥ 3 (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.01, 1.96) and receipt of radiotherapy treatments only (HR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3, 1.9).

Conclusion

Older age, presence of one or more comorbidity, poorer performance status, and treatment with only RT appeared as a significant predictor of poorer prognosis of lung cancer in Bangladeshi patients. In contrast, having institutional education and treatment with combined Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy appeared as a predictor of a better prognosis. The finding of this study could serve as a basis for future studies inquiring into novel approaches for certain subgroups of patients believed to be challenged in limited resources.
Persister control by leveraging dormancy associated reduction of antibiotic efflux
Authors: Roy Sweta , Bahar Ali Adem , Gu Huan , Nangia Shikha , Sauer Karin , Ren Dacheng
Published: December 2021

Persistent bacterial infections do not respond to current antibiotic treatments and thus present a great medical challenge. These conditions have been linked to the formation of dormant subpopulations of bacteria, known as persister cells, that are growth-arrested and highly tolerant to conventional antibiotics. Here, we report a new strategy of persister control and demonstrate that minocycline, an amphiphilic antibiotic that does not require active transport to penetrate bacterial membranes, is effective in killing Escherichia coli persister cells [by 70.8 ± 5.9% (0.53 log) at 100 μg/mL], while being ineffective in killing normal cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that persister cells have reduced drug efflux and accumulate more minocycline than normal cells, leading to effective killing of this dormant subpopulation upon wake-up. Consistently, eravacycline, which also targets the ribosome but has a stronger binding affinity than minocycline, kills persister cells by 3 logs when treated at 100 μg/mL. In summary, the findings of this study reveal that while dormancy is a well-known cause of antibiotic tolerance, it also provides an Achilles’ heel for controlling persister cells by leveraging dormancy associated reduction of drug efflux.
The case for creative folklore in pedagogical practice
Authors: Starnes Kathryn
Published: December 2021

The political question of who can produce knowledge and how we delineate epistemological standards without reproducing epistemic marginalization is central to critical pedagogy in international relations (IR) scholarship. While critical pedagogies often attempt to enact an emancipatory agenda, they largely rely on the educator as knowledge (re)producer and student as passive consumer, with little to say on what it means to be emancipated, the oppressions at stake or the means of enacting this project. Drawing on Simon Bronner’s definition of folklore, this article explores folklore as a creative practice allowing us to explore who the ‘folk’ are in the process of teaching and how we constitute disciplinary ‘lore’ to incite students to revise and reflect on disciplinary boundaries. The article focuses on IR pedagogy as a creative practice, arguing that deploying a folklore lens allows us to challenge the uncritical reproduction of disciplinary boundaries.
Representaciones de lo monstruoso y el horror fantástico en la narrativa chilena
Authors: Diamantino Jesús Fernando
Published: December 2021

En el siguiente trabajo se examinan las representaciones de lo monstruoso en la narrativa fantástica chilena, particularmente en el formato cuento. Para ello se propone un análisis temático e histórico de esta vertiente desde el romanticismo político hasta la literatura reciente, siempre desde una mirada general pero enmarcada en una matriz de sentido fundada en el terror como manifestación estética. El estudio se fundamenta a través del análisis de las transgresiones del terror sobrenatural y las implicancias políticas y sociales que inciden en el sistema de representación chileno. Lo anterior con el propósito de reactualizar el canon nacional más allá del dominio mimético.
Alfonso GARCÍA MORALES y Rosa GARCÍA GUTIÉRREZ (eds.). México 1915-1920: una literatura en la encrucijada. Sevilla: Editorial Renacimiento, 2020
Authors: Ballester Pardo Ignacio
Published: December 2021

Reseña de Ignacio Ballester Pardo sobre México 1915-1920: una literatura en la encrucijada (Renacimiento, 2020) de Alfonso García Morales y Rosa García Gutiérrez (eds.). 660 p. ISBN: 9788416981182.
BASELINE FINDINGS OF CARENUTRITION INTERVENTION (RCT) AMONG OLDER CAREGIVERS - RISK OF MALNUTRITION AND INSUFFICIENT PROTEIN INTAKE
Authors: Kunvik S. , Valve R. , Salminen K. , Salonoja M. , Suominen M.H.
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Older caregivers are vulnerable to nutritional problems, but only a few studies have examined their nutrition. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between nutritional status and nutrient intake among older caregivers. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the CareNutrition randomized controlled trial (RCT). Setting: Community-dwelling caregivers from the Western part of Finland in two different clusters. Participants: A total of 79 caregivers aged ≥65 with normal cognition were recruited for the study, all of whom had officially approved caregiver status by The Social Insurance Institution of Finland. Measurement: Nutritional status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), nutrient intake by a three-day food diary, nutrition-related blood markers by laboratory tests, cognition by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and other baseline characteristics were also evaluated using validated methods. Results: The majority of the caregivers (79.7%) had a good nutritional status (MNA points >23.5), 19% were at risk of malnutrition (MNA points 17-23.5) and one person (1.3%) already suffered from malnutrition (MNA points <17). The female caregivers were at a higher risk of malnutrition than the males (26.5% vs. 6.7%, p=0.026). Depressive symptoms and medication were associated with decreased nutritional status, and good health-related quality of life with better nutritional status. Mean protein intake was 1.0 g/kg IBW/d and 79.7% of the caregivers (77.6% female, 83.3% male) did not consume the recommended protein intake of 1.2 g/kg IBW/d. Their intake of dietary fibre, folate and vitamin D was also insufficient. Conclusion: Every fifth caregiver was at risk of malnutrition. The females were at a higher risk than the males. Most of the caregivers had insufficient protein intakes. These findings confirm the importance of investigating the nutritional status of older caregivers and indicate a need for preventive nutritional guidance.
FRAILTY SYNDROME AND ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN THE ELDERLY LIVING AT HOME
Authors: Partezani Rodrigues R.A. , Silva Fhon J.R. , Rojas Huayta V.M. , Fuentes Neira W.L. , de Lourdes de Farias Pontes M. , Silva A.O. , Cardoso Defina G.P.
Published: December 2021

Disturbance in the nutritional status in the elderly can change anthropometric measurements. These changes on their body could associated with frailty syndrome. The aim was to assess the frailty syndrome and its association with demographic variables and anthropometric measures. Cross-sectional study with 235 elderly people living at home. Descriptive statistics applied were measures of central tendency and dispersion, with frequencies for the qualitative variables. Student’s t test was used to compare the means of sex with age, weight, height, waist circumference, waist/height ratio, body mass index and frailty and multinomial logistic regression analysis between categories of frailty and demographic and anthropometric variables. It was significant p≤0.05. There was a relationship between gender and body weight, waist circumference and the waist/height ratio; the data also showed that frailty increases with age. It was found that having a waist/height ratio ≥0.50 and a body mass index ≥27 increased the risk of frailty. The study shows that the association between frailty and anthropometric measures should be a priority in elderly care.
GENETIC VARIANTS RELATED TO LIPID METABOLISM AS A RISK FACTOR TO LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Pinhel M.A.S. , Crestani A.M. , Sousa-Amorim G.F. , Gregório M.L. , Cação J.C. , Tognola W.A. , Rossi Silva Souza D.
Published: December 2021

Background: Genetic polymorphisms in genes regulating cholesterol metabolism have been suggested to risk factor of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: to analyze the frequency of polymorphisms apolipoprotein E (APOE-HhaI) and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1-StyI) in patients with late-onset AD. Design: case-control study. Participants: We studied 166 subjects (≥65 years old): Study Group (SG)- 88 patients and Control Group (CG)- 88 without dementia. Setting: The polymorphisms were determined using the polymorphism chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. It was applied Fisher's exact/chi-square tests (P<0.05). Results: Genotypes with APOE*4 prevailed in SG. The genotypic combination between APOE-HhaI and ABCA1-StyI polymorphisms showed a prevalence of heterozygous genotypes of risk for AD. Conclusion: Although genetic variants for ABCA1-StyI alone does not differentiate patients and controls, the G allele in synergy with APOE*4 allele is highlighted in patients suggesting the influence of ABCA1 in the disease.
MIDLIFE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE AGING PROCESS: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Puri S. , Shaheen M. , Pai Panandiker D.H. , Sinha R.
Published: December 2021

Increasing number of oldest old worldwide has made human longevity a major area of scientific research. It is a well-established fact that the health of an individual and the population in general are the result of interactions between genetics and a number of environmental factors; nutrition and physical activity being of major importance. The Asian Indian phenotype predisposes Indians to NCDs, more so at an earlier age. Indian diets are in a state of transition with increasing amounts of refined carbohydrates and fats being consumed. Physical activity levels are markedly low. Concomitantly, a sharp rise in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cancers has been observed. Although some of the physiological changes experienced by older adults occur primarily as a result of the biological process of aging, lifestyle factors – such as diet and physical activity – are important modulators of the risk factors associated with chronic disease and even age related decline.
Avaliação imuno-histoquímica do antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (pcna) e da proteína p 53 em ameloblastoma tratados pela técnica da marsupialização I
Authors: Barros Simone S. L. V. , Freitas Roseana A. , Galvão Hébel C. , Souza Lélia B.
Published: December 2021

OBJETIVO: O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a proliferação celular de ameloblastomas antes e depois de submetidos à técnica cirúrgica da marsupialização.MÉTODOS: quatro casos de ameloblastomas submetidos à marsupialização foram examinados imuno-histoquimicamente para a expressão do antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA) e da proteína p53, em dois momentos do tratamento: na cirurgia inicial de descompressão e na subseqüente enucleação. RESULTADOS: Observamos que a reatividade imuno-histoquímica para o PCNA e proteína p53, após a marsupialização, diminuiu em dois casos e aumentou em dois dos espécimes estudados. CONCLUSÃO: A marsupialização em ameloblastomas nem sempre é capaz de causar redução na atividade proliferativa das células tumorais.
Avaliação in vitro de propriedades físico-químicas de cimentos de ionômero de vidro convencionais, após adição de própolis e antibióticos
Authors: Ferreira Hellen C. , Rego Marcos Aurélio
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desgaste pela perda de massa após escovação simulada, a liberação de flúor e a resistência à compressão de dois cimentos de ionômero de vidro, um indicado para restaurações convencionais e outro indicado para a técnica de restaurações atraumáticas (ART), com a adição de antibióticos e própolis. Foram confeccionados corpos-de-prova em cimentos de ionômero de vidro (Vidrion R e Vitro Molar), adicionando-se antibióticos (cefaclor, ciprofloxacina e metronidazol) ou suspensão de própolis (30% em álcool de cereais) aos mesmos. A seguir observou-se perda de massa por escovação simulada (n=48), resistência à compressão (n=90) e liberação de flúor (n=60) dos corpos-de-prova. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de variância ANOVA e Tukey com nível de significância p < 00,5. Analisando-se os resultados obtidos, verificou-se maior perda de massa após escovação simulada para o cimento de ionômero de vidro (Vidrion) adicionado de antibiótico, em relação ao Vidrion (grupo controle), com diferença estatisticamente significativa. Ocorreu maior liberação de fluoretos no cimento de ionômero de vidro (Vitro Molar) adicionado de antibióticos em relação ao Vitro Molar, com diferença estatisticamente significativa. A resistência à compressão foi menor, com diferença estatísticamente significativa, para o cimento de ionômero de vidro (Vidrion) adicionado de antibióticos e de propolis em relação Vidrion. Ocorreu também, diferença estatística na resistência à compressão entre os cimentos de ionômero de vidro Vidrion e Vitro Molar, com superioridade para o primeiro.
Periodontal healing after Root conditioning using TTC-HCI or citric acid:
Authors: Ricardo Lucilene H. , Balducci Ivan , Vasconcelos Luana M. R. , Carvalho Yasmin R.
Published: December 2021

Tissue healing after periodontal therapy includes epithelial and connective tissue repair by producing biocompatible root surface. The objective of this study was to investigate whether etching solutions such as Tetracycline-hydrochloride (TTC-HCl) or citric acid might enhance the healing after periodontal therapy in rats. Periodontal defects were induced on the left maxillary 2nd molar in 36 Wistar rats. The periodontal attachment was reduced using a ligature model. The experimental sites were mechanically treated and delineated by blindly preparing a notch at the most apical aspect of the pocket using a Hedstroen endodontic file. The experimental sites were irrigated with a 10% tetracycline hidrocloride solution, an 8% citric acid solution, or a 0,9% NaCl solution (control) thus forming 3 groups of 12 animals each. The animals were euthanized at 3, 7 and 21 days post-treatment when block sections of the experimental sites were collected for histometric analysis. The histological observations describe normal wound maturation without regeneration in the defective site. Using a grid point counting method and two-way analysis of variance, it was shown that tissue fill in the notch did not differ significantly between sites irrigated with the acid solutions. However, tissue fill in these sites was significantly smaller than in the control sites. The results also showed that the area occupied by inflamed connective tissue was wider in the control compared to sites treated with the acid solutions. Based on these results it was concluded that irrigation with an acid solution could enhance healing following periodontal therapy
Linear dimensional change in acrylic resin disinfected by microwave energy
Authors: Consani Rafael Leonardo X. , Lira Andréa Fabiana , Mesquita Marcelo F. , Consani Simonides
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to characterize the linear dimensional change in specimens made in aluminum rectangular dies (65.0x12.0x3.5mm), with 4 reference demarcations, using the Clássico, Onda-Cryl and QC-20 brands of acrylic resin. Wax patterns with 67.0x15.0x5.0mm were embedded in metallic or plastic flasks with stone gypsum, according to the conventional technique. After stone gypsum setting, the wax molds were removed and the aluminum dies impressed in the stone gypsum mold with silicone material. The powder/liquid proportion and acrylic resin were manipulated according to manufacturer’s instructions. The metallic flask pressure was achieved using the RS tension method. After polymerization in water at 74OC for 9 hours, ebullition water for 20 minutes or microwave energy (900 W) for 10 minutes, the specimens were cooled at room temperature and then removed from the flasks and submitted to conventional finishing. The distances between the A-B, C-D, A-C, and B-D reference points were measured before and after disinfection by microwave energy (650W for 3 minutes). The linear dimensional evaluation of the distances was performed by the same operator with an Olympus optical comparator microscope, with an accuracy of 0.0005mm. Obtained data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=.05%). The disinfection by microwave energy did not alter the original linear dimensions of the specimens.
O efeito da dieta alcoólica sobre o desenvolvimento da glândula submandibular de Rattus novergicus é definitivo?
Authors: Andreo Jesus Carlos , Silva Fabiane B. , Sousa Simone Maria G. , Santos Nicolas B.
Published: December 2021

RESUMOO álcool é uma das drogas mais comuns na sociedade em geral e pode provocar alterações morfológicas em diferentes tecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar, por meio da morfometria, se o álcool altera o desenvolvimento da glândula submandibular dos ratos e se esta alteração é definitiva. Para isso foram utilizados três grupos (n=10): grupo controle (GC), os animais receberam água e ração “ad libitum”; grupo alcoolizado (GA) receberam uma mistura de água e álcool numa concentração de 25%; e grupo isocalórico (GI), receberam uma solução de água e sacarose, com a mesma quantidade de calorias que os animais do grupo alcoolizado. Após 120 dias, cinco animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados. Os animais restantes passaram a receber apenas uma dieta de água e ração e os novos grupos formados passaram a ser denominados de: grupo controle1 (GC1), grupo desintoxicado (GD) e grupo antigo isocalórico (GAI). Os animais destes grupos foram sacrificados 120 dias após este novo tratamento. Os animais sacrificados tiveram suas glândulas submandibulares removidas bilateralmente para análise morfométrica. Utilizando-se de paquímetro digital as medidas foram devidamente tomadas e submetidas à análise estatística. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de álcool produz um crescimento menor nas glândulas submandibulares no período de alcoolização e um aumento após o período de desintoxicação alcoólica. Baseado nestes resultados pode-se concluir que o álcool altera o desenvolvimento das glândulas salivares de ratos, mas esta alteração não é definitiva, se o animal for submetido a um período de desintoxiação alcoólica.
Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of four dental composites polymerized with light emitting diode (LED) and halogen light
Authors: Sari Douglas Michielin , Duquia Rita de Cássia , Martos Josué , Osinaga Prudêncio Willy Rodo
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the flexural strength (FS) and modulus of elasticity (ME) of three microhybrid resins (Filtek Z250; Charisma; P60) and one submicrohybrid resin (Concept) using LED or halogen light polymerization. Twenty specimens (25x2x2 mm) per tested material were prepared and polymerized using a halogen or LED curing unit and stored in distilled water. FS and ME tests were performed on an Instron universal testing machine (0.75mm/min). ANOVA and multiple comparisons (SNK) showed that the two polymerization systems resulted in no significant differences (p>0.05) in the FS of Charisma and Filtek Z250. The two curing systems also produced similar results in the ME of Charisma, Concept and Filtek Z250. Significant differences were found in FS and ME, with the halogen curing light system showing better results than the LED system. The LED LCU systems did not exhibit a superior performance in our investigation of any of the composite resins, in terms of flexural strength and modulus of elasticity.
Influência do tipo de substrato dentinário na resistência de união a microtração - estudo “in vitro”
Authors: Burmann Paulo Afonso , Retamoso Luciana Borges , Vizzotto Mariana Boessio , Nascimento Sabrina Almeida do , Sadek Fernanda Tranchesi , Cardoso Paulo Eduardo Capel
Published: December 2021

Este estudo avaliou a resistência de união entre o conjunto resina composta/adesivo e diferentes tipos de substrato dentinário. Quinze molares humanos extraídos foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com o tipo de dentina: 5 dentes com dentina afetada por cárie (C), 5 restaurados com amálgama (R) e 5 dentes hígidos (H). Todos os dentes tiveram sua superfície oclusal desgastada até expor uma superfície dentinária plana. As diferentes superfícies foram condicionadas com ácido fosfórico a 37% (3M ESPE), seguindo-se a aplicação e fotopolimerização do adesivo Single Bond (3M ESPE) para a imediata inserção de incrementos de 1 mm de resina composta (Z250 – 3M ESPE) até atingir 4 mm de altura. Após 24 horas de armazenagem em água destilada (37ºC), os corpos-de-prova em forma de palito com secção transversal de 1 mm2 de área foram submetidos ao ensaio de microtração (Instron). A análise estatística (ANOVA/Tukey) revelou que o fator substrato interferiu na resistência adesiva (p<0,05), com a dentina hígida (42,0±7,1 MPa a) proporcionando maiores valores que a dentina restaurada (37,1±4,7 MPa b) e que a cariada (37,7±4,8 MPa b).
Longitudinal study of removable partial dentures and hygiene habits
Authors: Santos Mateus B. F. , Carvalho Renata M. , Guimarães Tatiana S. S. C. , Santos Jarbas F. F. , Marchini Leonardo
Published: December 2021

The removable partial dentures (RPD) are used to reestablish the phonetics, aesthetics and masticatory function for partially dentate patients, mainly those who compound the Brazilian poorest population, since RPD presents a relatively low cost. The rehabilitation gone to be successfully when besides the planning, the dentist orientate hygiene habits to the patient, and proserve the case. The present paper evaluates hygiene habits and RPD planning among a sample of RPD wearers, in a cross-sectional design. A questionnaire was applied and a clinical examination was performed by two previously calibrated examiners. The sample was composed by 83 patients, and 25 were males. It was verified that 49.4% of the patients brush their teeth three times per day and that 28.9% took approximately 4 minutes for each teeth brushing, 95.2% use other hygiene resources, besides toothbrushing, as dental cream (98.7%), dental floss (79.7%) and mouthrinses (55.7%). However 56.6% showed bacterial plaque and 21.7% presented caries at clinical exam. About the dentures, 74.7% was definitive RPD and 96.4% showed bilateral design. The requisites of stability, retention, occlusion and aesthetics was classified as good, in the majority of the cases; the hygiene was classified as good to regular. In 24% of the dentures, the base was deformed or fractured, 50.6% presented artificial teeth with detritions. Instead of patients’ adequate oral hygiene habits and satisfaction with RPD, more comprehensive explanations about oral care and more frequent follow-ups should be considered to improve plaque index and periodontal health among RPD wearers.
Prevalência de microrganismos periodontais intra e extra sulcular em crianças, adolescentes e adultos jovens
Authors: Fernandes Camila B. , Aquino Davi R. , Filho Jonas C. , Cortelli Sheila C. , Cortelli José R.
Published: December 2021

A instalação e progressão da doença periodontal estão associadas à presença de fatores de risco destacando-se entre eles determinadas espécies bacterianas. A proposta do presente estudo, do tipo transversal, foi avaliar por reação em cadeia da polimerase a prevalência de A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythensis e C. rectus no sulco gengival, na mucosa do dorso da língua e da bochecha em crianças, adolescentes e adultos jovens entre 2 ½ até 18 anos de idade. Foram realizadas associações dos periodontopatógenos com idade, sexo e condição periodontal. A condição periodontal foi estabelecida pelos índices de placa (IP), gengival (IG), profundidade de sondagem e nível de inserção clínica. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fischer para a distribuição das variáveis qualitativas, t-Student para a variável IP; Mann-Whitney para a variável IG. Os resultados mostraram que as bactérias de maior e menor prevalência foram respectivamente C. rectus (94%) e P. gingivalis (2%), sendo esta última somente encontrada em sulco gengival de adolescentes e adultos jovens. A faixa etária de menor idade apresentou as mais baixas prevalências bacterianas. O sexo não interferiu na prevalência microbiana da população estudada. Observou-se uma pior condição clínica quando parâmetros periodontais estiveram associados a T. forsythensis e P. intermedia. Assim, concluímos que C. rectus foi a bactéria mais prevalente sendo o sítio intra-sulcular o mais favorável para a colonização bacteriana e, a pior condição clínica periodontal associou-se a T. forsythensis e P. intermedia.
Avaliação da microdureza superficial de quatro diferentes resinas acrílicas para base de dentaduras
Authors: Miessi Ana Carolina , Goiato Marcelo C. , Ribeiro Paula P. , Santos Daniela M. , Haddad Marcela F. , Pesqueira Aldiéris A.
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a microdureza superficial de quatro tipos de resinas acrílicas (Onda Cryl, Vipi Wave, Vipi Cril e QC-20 com polimerização convencional e com polimerização por energia de microondas) para base de dentaduras, em função do período de armazenagem, em água, de seis meses. Foram confeccionadas vinte e cinco amostras, as quais foram fixadas em discos acrílicos incolores, devidamente identificados, que foram então polidas em uma politriz e foram submetidas ao teste de microdureza superficial Knoop em um microdurômetro digital (modelo HMV-2T) e posteriormente armazenados em água destilada a 35 + 2°C por seis meses, após o qual um segundo teste de microdureza superficial das amostras foi realizado. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey ao nível de significância de 5%. Observou-se que o fator tempo de armazenagem promoveu um decréscimo dos valores médios de microdureza superficial Knoop para todos os grupos estudados, sendo que apenas para os grupos Vipi Cril e QC-20 polimerizado por energia de microondas esta diminuição dos valores foi estatisticamente significativa
22nd Meeting of the Brazilian Group of Restorative Dentistry Professors
Authors: Anauate Netto Camillo , Silva Claudio Heliomar Vicente da
Published: December 2021

.
Aktionsräume als Gegenstand interdisziplinärer und internationaler Forschung
Authors: Hölzel David J.
Published: December 2021

Since the late 20th century activity spaces have mainly been perceived as a niche concept in German-speaking spatial research. Meanwhile, international research on activity spaces has developed further and gained quite some attention recently. This paper elaborates a comprehensive definition of activity spaces and presents current fields of application with special regard to research on travel behaviour, segregation and public health. Activity spaces as a concept improve estimates of the interactions between individuals and their respective social or built environments. Therefore, insights on activity spaces might ease the development of adequate planning and policy measures. In order to facilitate the systematic generation of future research questions, hypotheses, research designs and practice-oriented insights, this paper presents both a novel analytical concept and established methods for the study of activity spaces. The paper closes with considerations on possible research perspectives that lie beyond the current state of research.
Assessing attitudes of university students toward online classes of
Icelandic as a foreign and second language during COVID-19
Authors: Bédi Branislav , Roje Lara
Published: December 2021

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the on-campus teaching mode at local
universities in Iceland changed to distance teaching and synchronous classes
online. This rapid and unexpected change also affected the learners.
Although videoconferencing was used as the main point of reference, this
method turned out to be less suitable for synchronous online classes with
instant feedback. Therefore, a new format of synchronous classes online was
adopted. This enabled the teacher and the learners to interact with each
other during the online classes. The present article describes a case study
of international and foreign students attending regular online classes of
Icelandic as a foreign and second language (L2) at a local university in
Reykjavik during fall 2020. Attitudes of 26 students toward a changed
teaching mode were examined. Data were collected using an online
questionnaire at the end of the course and answers analysed based on
responses to 72 questions in ten different themes that guided the
construction of ten research questions. The results suggest that the
teacher’s approach to online class organisation could be improved to achieve
a better wellbeing among students and create a more effective online
teaching environment.
Design-based research as a framework for developing and deploying augmented reality applications and scenarios for intercultural exchange
Authors: Hadjistassou Stella , Louca Petros , Joannidou Shaunna , Molina Muñoz Pedro Jesus
Published: December 2021

This paper delves into the underlying phases involved in designing, developing, and deploying Augmented Reality (AR) applications and game-based scenarios that will be implemented during intercultural exchanges among students in two different academic institutions in Sweden and Cyprus. Building on principles of design-based research (Barab & Squire, 2004; Klopfer & Squire, 2008), the aim is to expand the learning ecology by leveraging instructional tools and developing novel scenarios to broaden the trajectories of collaboration, intercultural understanding and communication, and cultural knowledge. The AR applications and scenarios are in the process of being developed as part of the Digital Methods Platform for Arts and Humanities (DiMPAH) project, where game-based activities will foster intercultural collaboration, exploration of cultural heritage sites, intercultural understanding, knowledge, and interaction. Adopting a bottom-up approach, instructors collaborate with a software developer and an extended research team to design pedagogically and culturally potent scenarios embedded in novel technologies that bring the virtual into the physical world.