bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Binary
Authors: Murphy Jillmarie
Published: January 2021

Claude Lévi-Strauss’s theory of binary opposition considers oppositional categories as a fundamental effect of human cognition. Humans, Lévi-Strauss argues, structure the world and their existence in it by way of symbolic oppositions that are represented and negotiated analogically. Nineteenth-century writing about nonhuman nature has been commonly regarded as a male-dominated field focusing on encounters with nature as a feminized other that resides in contraposition to man and manmade settings. This essay seeks to theorize the inconsistencies represented in feminized nature, to lay bare the ways in which scholarly interpretations of nature writing are traditionally structured around binary boundaries, and to reassess the conceptual framework of feminist geography, which has historically employed a dichotomous structure to expose traditional representations of gender. Susan Fenimore Cooper’s Rural Hours and Celia Thaxter’s Among the Isles of Shoals each illustrate an awareness of the transcorporeality of human bodies and ecological spaces as enmeshed in a complex, shifting ontology. Both writers attempt to reconstruct an inclusive “non-gendered” ecology that transforms the binary landscapes of “village-woods” and “island-garden” into non-hierarchical vistas that de-enforce the subservience of nature, making these spaces compatible, harmonious, and synergistic.
Ants Become Giants
Authors: Armbruster Elif S.
Published: January 2021

In her pioneering work on the shapes and meanings of fictional and actual space, Judith Fryer coined the phrase “felicitous space” (1986) to refer to space that “frees the imagination” (293). In particular, Fryer explores how the landscape in works by Edith Wharton and Willa Cather functions as a spiritual ground upon which girls and women can build their lives. In the essay, I build upon Fryer’s concept of the liberating nature of land and apply it to the ever-popular Little House series of books written by Cather and Wharton contemporary, Laura Ingalls Wilder (1867-1957). While Wilder did not publish her books until the 1930s, her series takes place in the late nineteenth century, from roughly 1870 to 1890, and so she can effectively be studied as a nineteenth century author. I argue that Wilder’s Laura offers unique possibilities for nineteenth-century female identity, as she is grounded in the natural world rather than in a fabricated aesthetic realm. Rather than conform to traditional feminine ideals of the time, Laura expresses the freedom and courage embodied by the masculine Western “hero” and, thus, presents a much-needed Western “heroine.”
Introduction
Authors: Mildenberg Ariane , Novillo-Corvalán Patricia
Published: January 2021

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
“Mental Fight”
Authors: Black Michael
Published: January 2021

Virginia Woolf's citation of a famous lyric by William Blake in her essay “Thoughts on Peace in an Air Raid” (1940) contests its usage as warmongering propaganda in the context of two world wars, and still has resonance today. This chapter builds upon Diane Filby Gillespie’s article “Blake and Bloomsbury” (1990), which established the importance of a radical Blake in Bloomsbury, applying to Woolf the findings of Blake scholars Shirley Dent and Jason Whittaker who argue Blake’s vision of “Jerusalem” and “Albion” represent “the return to Eden before hereditary power, before tribalism and before nationalism”. By focusing on this key Blakean citation in “Thoughts on Peace in an Air Raid,” the chapter’s argument also opens Blakean aspects in Woolf's pacifist aesthetics in other works such as Three Guineas and “Anon.”
Peace, Friendship, and “The Educated Man’s Sister” in Woolf’s Pacifist Writing
Authors: Haffey Kate
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the connection between Woolf’s notions of friendship and her critical writings about peace and pacifism. For Woolf, friendship not only constitutes a personal intimate relationship with another person, but it also represents a force that stands in opposition to oppressive impersonal concepts like nationalism, imperialism, and militarism—and is thus deeply intertwined with her particular brand of pacifism. In order to make this argument, the chapter employs Derrida’s The Politics of Friendship and explores the place of the sister in his text. Though Derrida traces the relationship between the friend and the brother throughout the history of western thought concerning friendship, he often stops to ask about the absence of the sister. His book ultimately shows that this figure of the “friend in the feminine” could be the key to thinking politics “beyond the principle of fraternity.”
Virginia Woolf and Welsh Pacifism
Authors: Peach Linden
Published: January 2021

This chapter constitutes the first exploration of Woolf’s influence on Welsh author Emyr Humphreys, widely regarded as one of the most prolific and accomplished Welsh novelists writing in English in the twentieth century. The chapter focusses on Woolf’s influence on one of his most significant early novels, A Toy Epic (1958. The chapter suggests that without the influence of Woolf’s fiction, especially her novel The Waves (1931), Humphreys’s novel as we know it would not have been written. Pointing out that both novels are driven by the individual consciousnesses of a small group of characters and that Humphreys employs the same words as Woolf in her text to indicate a change in speaker, the chapter argues that Woolf’s modernist work provided Humphreys with solutions to the narrative problems with which he was grappling in the 1940s.
Woolf’s Three Guineas, Antigone, and Peace
Authors: Spiropoulou Angeliki
Published: January 2021

Virginia Woolf evokes Sophocles’ tragedy Antigone in several of her private and published writings. However, the ancient play can be argued to be the intertext of Three Guineas (1938) in ways that go far beyond the few references to it in Woolf’s text. The tragic heroine is famously invoked as inspiration for Woolf’s proposal of the formation of a female ‘Society of Outsiders’ which would provide a resisting alternative to exclusive and unjust social structures and man-made laws that generate war. This chapter examines the references to Antigone by Woolf in the 1930s and set them against the ancient text itself, on the one hand, and Woolf’s allusion to the character of Antigone as a paradigm of resistance to totalitarian law, on the other.
Gabriela Mistral, Virginia Woolf, and the Writing of the Spanish Civil War
Authors: Novillo-Corvalán Patricia
Published: January 2021

This chapter traces the cultural intersections between Chilean writer Gabriela Mistral and Virginia Woolf, particularly through their aesthetic responses to the Spanish Civil War. A search for pacifist visions during the Spanish War led to the creation of transatlantic women’s modernist networks marked by anti-war, anti-imperialist, and anti-patriarchal ethical engagements. It argues that Mistral and Woolf were part of a web of transnational cultural communities within metropolitan centres such as London and Buenos Aires that were instrumental in the development of an international network of women’s writers preoccupied with the rise of fascism in Europe and the rest of the world.
Les nomades, les paysans et les vagabonds dans l’Empire ottoman (XIII e siècle – début XX e siècle) : des figures de désaffiliés ?
Authors: Gajac Olivier
Published: January 2021

Dans cet article, nous nous focalisons principalement sur trois supposées figures de désaffiliés qui auraient marqué l’Empire ottoman. À partir du concept de désaffiliation de Robert Castel, nous avons appréhendé sa pertinence au regard de ce qui fait centre et ce qui fait périphérie du XIII e  au début du XX e  siècle, mais aussi les conditions légitimes du recours à la notion d’exclusion. Alors que les nomades sont une figure centrale de son expansion, ils seront poussés à la sédentarisation forcée. Les paysans qui sont au cœur d’une économie redistributive et de la stratification de l’ordre social de l’Empire, se voient contraints d’être attachés à la terre. Enfin, les indigents seront catégorisés très tôt, avec d’un côté, les mendiants méritants et de l’autre, les mendiants valides. Face à ces figures, la politique de l’Empire oscillera entre conciliation, contrôle, interdiction, expulsion et répression.
Réforme de la police et policy transfer au Liban : traductions, convergences et concurrences dans un État divisé
Authors: Seurat Leïla
Published: January 2021

Cet article porte sur l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de la réforme de la police au Liban depuis le retrait des troupes syriennes du pays en 2005. Il met en évidence la manière dont cette réforme ainsi que le transfert du community policing ont produit plusieurs concurrences entre différents types d’acteurs, aussi bien entre les bailleurs de fonds internationaux qu’entre les acteurs libanais. Inscrit dans les débats relatifs aux transferts de modèles et de référentiels policiers, il établit un lien entre la traduction de ces modèles et la concurrence : différents acteurs policiers se sont en effet alignés sur des modèles divergents de policing prônés par les bailleurs de fonds internationaux, les uns défendant un hard policing , les autres une police désarmée. Ces traductions/ concurrences ne sauraient pourtant cacher l’existence de convergences autour du community policing comme moyen de lutter contre la « radicalisation » islamiste, lui-même porteur de nouvelles traductions.
L’herméneutique émancipatoire du récit ontographique
Authors: Tielemans Benoît
Published: January 2021

En s’octroyant une liberté d’interprétation de leur vécu douloureux, les jeunes que nous rencontrons ne seraient-ils pas des herméneutes faisant germer en eux des graines de résilience ? Nous convoquons l’herméneutique pour ce qu’elle a d’inspirant et d’opératoire pour mettre en évidence l’émergence du sens dans les itinéraires de vie compliqués de jeunes en situation sociofamiliale critique. La pratique du récit ontographique que nous avons développée invite à une mise en narration particulière de soi. L’ouverture à la sensibilité herméneutique offre à ces jeunes un moyen d’envisager une voie d’émancipation de leurs expériences négatives.
Parcours de vie d’une enfant malentendante : d’une fillette marginalisée à une adolescente ordinaire
Authors: Viné Vallin Valérie
Published: January 2021

Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un travail doctoral qui a pour objectif d’étudier le handicap à travers les émotions de jeunes « handicapés », âgés de 12 ans à 18 ans, dans leur parcours scolaire et de formation. Il vise plus précisément à identifier les étapes, les événements et les contextes du parcours de Marie, jeune femme malentendante de 17 ans. Si les années d’école primaire ont été pour elle «  les pires années de [ sa ] vie  », cela ne l’a pas empêchée de trouver sa voie grâce à ses parents et ses enseignants de segpa . À travers l’exemple de Marie, nous sommes amenés à interroger les pratiques d’une école inclusive.
Pays de refuge, pays de départ. Regards croisés sur les dynamiques migratoires aux Pays-Bas autrichiens pendant la Révolution française (1789-1795)
Authors: Blazejewski Jort
Published: January 2021

L’émigration pendant la Révolution française s’inscrit dans le cadre des grandes migrations du début de l’Europe moderne. Les raisons de quitter la France se multiplient au cours des événements révolutionnaires. Pour n’en citer que quelques-unes, des actes de poursuite, de dénonciation ou de discrimination ainsi que des désillusions existentielles sur la politique révolutionnaire stimulent le processus d’émigration. Parmi les émigrés, seule une minorité se dirige vers des havres lointains, alors que la grande majorité se réfugie dans les régions frontalières. Attirant un nombre important d’émigrés, les Pays-Bas autrichiens servent de lieux sûrs et de centres de migration vers l’Europe du Nord-Ouest. Le choix d’un exil proche se fonde sur l’idée d’un retour rapide et sur l’attente majeure du fait que l’ordre ancien en France sera rétabli. Mais la guerre de la Première Coalition met fin à ces perspectives et menace les centres d’émigration des Pays-Bas autrichiens. Impliquant désormais une partie importante de la population locale, la dynamique migratoire des Pays-Bas autrichiens s’accroît en dimension et en complexité.
L’insupportable violence du principal du collège de Lille (1769-1771)
Authors: Marchand Philippe
Published: January 2021

En 1769-1770, le pensionnat du collège de Lille enregistre une chute brutale de ses effectifs. Selon le principal, elle serait le résultat d’une campagne de calomnies portant sur la nourriture et les pratiques disciplinaires. Des documents réapparus lors du classement de la série D des Archives départementales du Nord montrent que le collège est au cours de cette année le théâtre d’une crise comme il s’en produit de nombreuses dans les collèges ex-jésuites placés sous le régime de l’Édit de février 1763. Au-delà du simple fait divers, l’analyse de cette crise révèle des comportements et des pratiques souvent occultées. On y voit la violence exercée par un principal sur ses élèves, le silence des administrateurs du collège soucieux de sa réputation, les doutes exprimés par un adulte sur les révélations d’un adolescent, les inquiétudes et les réactions de parents hostiles aux châtiments corporels encore pratiqués dans les collèges.
Le rapport aux règles d’hygiène auprès d’étudiants en soins infirmiers : une approche éthogénique
Authors: Hardy-Massard Sandrine , Gandon Laurence , Linero Rachel , Deparois David , Capon-Lagneau Karine , Auzoult Laurent
Published: January 2021

Introduction : le respect des règles d’hygiène est un élément central dans la formation en soins infirmiers et plus globalement dans les pratiques de soins. Cette étude s’intéresse aux comportements associés aux respects de règles d’hygiène en nous basant sur les discours d’étudiants en formation en soins infirmiers vis-à-vis des règles d’hygiène. Le cadre théorique de référence est éthogénique et vise à expliquer les comportements à partir des conventions sociales, de la culture et de l’environnement des professionnels de soin. Méthode : 159 étudiants en formation ont été interviewés en groupe à propos de la violation et du respect des règles d’hygiène. Résultats : les discours font ressortir que les comportements dépendent de la perception des contextes de soins, des compétences et de la reconnaissance au sein d’un collectif de travail pour les futurs professionnels du soin. Conclusion : ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de développer une pédagogie de la règle et d’éviter la mise en place de résistances associées à leur application au travail.
« C'est vous les racailles ! »
Authors: Nazareth Cyril
Published: January 2021

Un match de football dans un département rural oppose une équipe de jeunes locaux à ceux d’un club de la banlieue nord de Paris. À l’issue de la défaite du club de banlieue parisienne, un affrontement oppose joueurs, spectateurs et encadrants des deux équipes. Cet article propose une interprétation sociologique des émotions corporelles données à voir par Pierre, un joueur, et Akim, un encadrant, en s’appuyant sur les scènes ethnographiques observées avant, pendant et après la bagarre, ainsi que sur une série d’entretiens réalisés après les événements. Pierre et Akim ont grandi au sein de familles populaires dans des quartiers d’habitat social de banlieue parisienne. Au cours de cet événement, ils sont la cible d’assignations racistes et dégradantes. Tous deux à des moments charnières de leur trajectoire sociale ascendante, ils se sentent menacés par le stigmate de la « racaille » et se heurtent au déni de leur respectabilité sociale.
Enveloppements et parures de bébés peuls du Séno
Authors: Querre Madina
Published: January 2021

La venue au monde de l’enfant illustre et éclaire les appartenances identitaires. Les populations peules de la région du Séno (Burkina-Faso) inscrivent le nouveau-né et l’enfant dans les valeurs propres à la fulanité, qui se révèlent à travers la notion nommée pulaaku . Corps et environnement y sont profondément liés, structurant les enveloppements et ornements du bébé.
Protection et confort du bébé à Madagascar
Authors: Randriantsara Ranjatiana
Published: January 2021

Dans l’île de Madagascar, l’habit du bébé est conditionné à la fois par la croyance, la santé, l’identité sexuelle et l’esthétique. Ces éléments sont nécessaires pour mieux accompagner la naissance, qui est souvent un moment de danger pour la maman et aussi pour le bébé, celui étant un être vulnérable dans le monde spirituel du quotidien des Malagasy. La dimension matérielle du confort et de l’esthétique de l’habillement est ainsi nouée à une dimension religieuse de protection.
L’Entreprise-agence de Jean Walter. 1918-1957. L’architecture au service de l’affairisme ?
Authors: Gaimard Marie
Published: January 2021

Dans un contexte de régulation progressive du métier d’architecte en France dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, la carrière de Jean Walter (1883-1957), peu préoccupé par les débats de nature déontologique qui animent la profession, illustre bien les libertés et les tolérances encore possibles avant la loi du 31 décembre 1940. Si elle est reconnue brièvement au début des années 1930, la figure de Jean Walter a été frappée d’ostracisme dès 1935, en raison notamment de scandales politico-financiers dans lesquels il fut impliqué. La fortune critique de ses réalisations dans l’historiographie de l’architecture s’en est ressentie jusqu’à nos jours : ainsi son nom fut, vers la fin de sa vie, davantage cité dans les journaux à grand tirage et même dans la presse à sensation que dans les revues d’architecture. Imprégné de libéralisme, s’inspirant du monde de l’industrie, l’intéressé a transposé dans l’architecture, parfois de façon littérale, des méthodes relevant de l’Organisations scientifique du travail. L’article précise la vision affairiste qu’entretient Jean Walter et s’interroge sur sa mise en application.
L’Agence d’Antonin Raymond à Tokyo dans l’Entre-deux-guerres : enjeux, acteurs, processus
Authors: Gloaguen Yola
Published: January 2021

Au Japon, l’architecte est une figure apparue relativement récemment sur l’échiquier des métiers de la construction. Le cadre de son activité, l’agence d’architecture a, comme lui, été importée lors du grand transfert des savoirs et des technologies opéré à l’ère Meiji (1868-1912). Mais l’importation de modèles étrangers dans un contexte local ne suffit pas pour répondre aux exigences spécifiques à ce contexte et demande de nombreuses adaptations. Celles-ci relèvent en premier lieu des différents acteurs agissant en son sein et de leur propre capacité d’adaptation, d’apprentissage et de collaboration. Pour illustrer ce propos, cet article porte sur l’agence de l’architecte américain d’origine tchèque Antonin Raymond durant son premier séjour au Japon (1920-1938). Au cours de ces dix-huit premières années, Raymond met sur pied une équipe et une structure qui lui permettront de se situer parmi les principaux acteurs du développement de l’architecture moderne au Japon. Basé sur des témoignages émanant d’un certain nombre de ses anciens collaborateurs et sur l’analyse d’un corpus de dessins d’architecture, cet article aborde en particulier deux thèmes : la présentation des partenaires clés de Raymond et de leur rôle dans la production de l’architecture moderne et contextuelle qui caractérisera son agence dès les années 1920, et certains des outils de conception architecturale adaptés du contexte local pour la réalisation de villas privées.
Les architectes en coworking. Ou le renouvellement d’une figure de l’architecte
Authors: Dadour Stéphanie , Perrier Lucie
Published: January 2021

En 2018, l’observatoire démographique et économique de la profession d’architecte publié par le conseil national de l’Ordre, introduit pour la première fois le coworking comme l’un des principaux outils de collaboration utilisés par les architectes. La collaboration apparaît comme l’une des formes d’exercice transformant la pratique de l’architecture, et par conséquent le choix des lieux. Cet article s’intéresse aux enjeux de la transformation des activités des agences des architectes travaillant en coworking, ainsi qu’aux raisons qui encouragent les architectes à s’installer dans les espaces de coworking : dans quelle mesure le coworking participe à la pratique de l’architecte ? Et de quel architecte s’agit-il ? Il ne s’agit pas de retracer l’histoire ou la gestion managériale des agences mais de saisir ce que les architectes tirent de ces lieux en coworking à un moment (2016-2020) où la profession rencontre des modifications législatives et des représentations dévalorisantes, notamment la diminution du leadership des architectes sur les projets, comme le reflète la loi ELAN par exemple.
The Office of William Tite (1798-1873): Architecture at the Start of the Railway Age
Authors: Chrimes Mike
Published: January 2021

This article looks at how William Tite’s office practice developed in the context of the financial and professional world in which he lived and worked. The office supported Tite’s activities for 50 years from c. 1823 until his death in 1873. He was one of the most successful English architects of the nineteenth century in terms of wealth and general reputation. His principal office was located in the City of London, close to his commercial clients. With the arrival of the railway age, these clients enabled Tite to become a well-known figure in the provision of professional architectural and valuation services to railway companies. Like most practices of the time, his office staff was small and he was only able to provide services by delegating or passing on work to other architects and surveyors, and by establishing sub-offices where necessary. Thus, in the 1840s, he had offices of some form in France, Carlisle, Edinburgh and Perth. His busy schedule meant he frequently provided sketches whilst in the midst of site visits, and he therefore relied on his office staff to provide finished drawings. Ultimately, he had a number of partners who carried on his practice for a further generation.
Effects of Hip Range of Motion and Isometric Strength on Energy Flow during Windmill Softball Pitching
Authors: Oliver Gretchen D. , Wasserberger Kyle , de Swart Anne , Friesen Kenzie , Downs Jessica , Bordelon Nicole
Published: January 2021

Context:Inadequate hip range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength (ISO) may interfere with energy flow through the kinetic chain and result in increased injury susceptibility.

Objective:To examine the relationship of hip ROM and ISO with energy flow through the trunk and pitching arm segments during the windmill softball pitch in youth athletes. A subsequent purpose was to examine the relationship between energy flow and pitch speed.

Design:Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:University research laboratory.

Participants:A sample of 29 youth softball pitchers (11.2±1.3 yrs.; 155.0±10.4 cm; 53.2±12.6 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s):Bilateral hip internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) ROM and ISO were measured. Net energy outflow and peak rates of energy outflow from the distal ends of the trunk, humerus, and forearm were calculated for the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, and pitch speed was measured.

Results:Regression analysis revealed a significant effect of drive hip ER ISO on the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk (p=0.045) and humerus (p=0.002). Specifically, increased drive hip ER ISO was associated with increased net energy outflow from the trunk to the humerus and from the humerus to the forearm. No significant effects of hip ROM or other hip ISO measures were observed. Additionally, pitchers who achieved higher peak rates of distal outflow tended to also achieve higher pitch speeds.

Conclusions:There is an association between drive hip ER ISO and the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk and humerus during the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, emphasizing the importance of hip and lower body strength in the execution of the whole-body windmill pitch. Overall, energy flow analysis is an interesting new way to analyze pitching mechanics and will aid in further understanding of performance and injury risk in windmill softball pitching.
Shoulder Strength and Range of Motion in Healthy Collegiate Softball Players
Authors: Biaggi Kelsey , Farmer Brooke , Hobson Matt , Self Curtis , Grindstaff Terry L.
Published: January 2021

Context

Shoulder range of motion (ROM) and strength are key injury evaluation components for overhead athletes. Most normative values are derived from male baseball players, with limited information specific to female softball players.

Objective

To determine between-limbs differences in shoulder ROM and strength in healthy collegiate softball players.

Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting

University research laboratory and collegiate athletic training room.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty-three healthy collegiate softball players (age = 19.9 ± 1.2 years, height = 170.5 ± 4.3 cm, mass = 78.4 ± 11.3 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Shoulder ROM (internal rotation [IR] and external rotation [ER]), isometric strength (IR, ER, flexion, abduction [135°], and horizontal abduction), and a measure of dynamic strength (Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test) were obtained. Paired-samples t tests were used to determine between-limbs differences for each outcome measure.

Results

Participants had more ER ROM (12° more) and less IR ROM (12° less) in the dominant arm, relative to the nondominant arm. No differences were present between limbs for any of the isometric strength measures or the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test reach directions.

Conclusions

Female collegiate softball players demonstrated typical changes in ER and IR ROM in the dominant arm and relatively symmetric performance across strength measures, which contrasts with previous findings in male baseball players.
Management of a diagnostic radiology department amid Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Parry Arshed H , Wani Haseeb A , Yaseen Mudasira
Published: January 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SAR-CoV-2) is a highly contagious infectious disease and spreads through aerosols and fomites. Health care personnel who are at the forefront of the fight against coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic are also at greater risk of contracting the infection. Mixing of uninfected people with infected people is potentially hazardous, especially in a radiology department. Implementation of meticulous operational changes, curtailment of nonurgent radiological work, rationalization of staff, equipment disinfection, use of personal protection equipment, and psychological support are needed to combat COVID-19 or any such infectious disease outbreak. This technical note will familiarize radiology workers with infectious disease outbreak-response to be adopted to ensure the safety of staff and patients.
Radiographic features of COVID-19 infection at presentation and significance of chest X-ray: Early experience from a super-specialty hospital in India
Authors: Sahu Amit K , Dhar Anandmoyee , Aggarwal Bharat
Published: January 2021

Background: Due to the relative early lockdown in India, relative greater availability of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, and mandate to admit all positive corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, the protocol in our hospital is to perform a baseline chest X-ray (CXR) at the time of admission and for follow up. There are currently limited publications demonstrating the radiographic findings and the role of CXR of COVID-19 patients at presentation. Aims: Evaluatethe radiographic findings on CXR in COVID-19 patients at presentation. Recommend a guideline for its judicious use. Settings and Design: Retroprospective study performed on RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted in our hospital between March 31,2020 to May 25, 2020. The study included symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. CXR was performed for218 patients. Materials and Methods: Portable bedside CXR was performed. The CXRs were evaluated by three radiologists to record the findings and grade the disease. All variables were expressed as mean, ranges, counts, and percentages. Results: 157 patients (72%) were symptomatic and 61 (28%) were asymptomatic. 104 CXRs (48%) were abnormal (97 in symptomatic (62%) and fourin asymptomatic (6%)). 74 patients (47%) in the symptomatic group had known comorbidities and of these, 62 (84%) had abnormal CXR. 97 CXRs (93%) had bilateral findings and 87 CXRs (84%) had peripherally predominant abnormalities. The lower zone was the most common area of involvement (73%). Ground glass opacity (GGO) was the most common finding (94%–98 CXRs). Mild disease was seen in 56 (54%). Conclusion: CXR can be used to assess symptomatic COVID-19 patients at presentation and to grade the severity of disease. It may be avoided in asymptomatic patients.
Role of portable chest radiography in management of COVID-19: Experience of 422 patients from a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Goyal Alka , Tiwari Raghav , Bagarhatta Meenu , Ashwini B , Rathi Bhavyansh , Bhandari Sudhir
Published: January 2021

Objective: To analyze radiological changes in portable chest radiographs in coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19) patients to optimize the management of hospitalized patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 638 portable radiographs of 422 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection. All the radiographs were reported in a structured format by two experienced radiologists. A severity score was assigned to every Chest Xray (CXR) and correlation was done with the CT scans whenever available. Results: Out of 422 baseline portable radiographs assessed,the ratio of male: female patients was 337:85 that is 79.8% were males and 20.14% were females.The mean age was 50.5 years and the range was 17–84 years.Of these 422 patients, 187 patients (44.3%) had abnormal baseline CXR. 161 out of 187 (86%) had either typical or indeterminate findings for COVID-19 pneumonia, rest 26 (13.9%) patients had CXR findings not consistent with COVID-19, like pleural effusion, hydropneumothorax, or lung cavity.Most commonly observed CXR findings in COVID 19 pneumonia were bilateral, multifocal air space opacities (consolidation and ground-glass opacities) predominantly involving lower zones and peripheral lung fields. X-ray identifiable lung changes of COVID-19 were mostly seen at 9-11 days after symptom onset. Conclusion: The presence of multifocal air-space opacities with bilateral, peripheral distribution on chest radiograph is highly suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia in this pandemic setting.Portable chest radiography is a widely available and quicktool for estimating the evolution and assessing the severity of lung involvement of COVID-19 pneumonia in hospitalized symptomatic patients.
Perception and practice regarding infection control measures in Radiology department during pre-COVID and COVID times—A survey among radiologists and a review of current concepts and literature
Authors: Srivastava Saubhagya , Rai Santosh PV , Jain Animesh , Shenoy Suchithra
Published: January 2021

Aim: In this study, we aim to evaluate the perception and practice of IPC measures by Radiologists during pre-COVID and present COVID times, while conducting a thorough review of current concepts and literature, to provide a standard operating procedure (SOP) for radiology operations. Methods: This study was conducted by Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE, Mangalore. After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, and other required permissions, the Google form questionnaire was sent to 350 Radiologists via email and text during the period of May 2020. Data was collected by time-based sampling in the period of fifteen days during the end of the total lockdown time. Results: 54% (n = 152) reported never attending a training session on (Infection Prevention & Control) IPC prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. The perception regarding IPC were found to be good among radiologists as majority of the respondents were correctly able to answer questions regarding IPC. 86% (n = 152) of the respondents believed that their knowledge on IPC has improved during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was revealed that majority of the respondents only started to practice appropriate contact and droplet / procedural precautions only after the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: The present COVID-19 scenario coupled with the lack of knowledge and training regarding IPC amongst radiologists evident from the results of our survey, highlights the need for proper training and establishing standard operating procedures and best practices in IPC pertinent to modern radiology practice
Artificial intelligence and radiology: Combating the COVID-19 conundrum
Authors: Pankhania Mayur
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid testing and diagnosis to manage its spread. While reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is being used as the gold standard method to diagnose COVID-19, many scientists and doctors have pointed out some challenges related to the variability, accuracy, and affordability of this technique. At the same time, radiological methods, which were being used to diagnose COVID-19 in the early phase of the pandemic in China, were sidelined by many primarily due to their low specificity and the difficulty in conducting a differential diagnosis. However, the utility of radiological methods cannot be neglected. Indeed, over the past few months, healthcare consultants and radiologists in India have been using or advising the use of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest for early diagnosis and tracking of COVID-19, particularly in preoperative and asymptomatic patients. At the same time, scientists have been trying to improve upon the radiological method of COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring by using artificial intelligence (AI)-based interpretation models. This review is an effort to compile and compare such efforts. To this end, the latest scientific literature on the use of radiology and AI-assisted radiology for the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 has been reviewed and presented, highlighting the strengths and limitations of such techniques.
Demographic and clinico-radiological profile on High-Resolution Computerized Tomography (HRCT) thorax in mild or asymptomatic clinically suspected COVID-19 patients in high-endemicity area of India—Can HRCT be the first screening tool? —The DECRYPTION study
Authors: Sharma Kamal , Gupta Amit , Vadgama Komal , Desai Hardik D , Sharma Neha , Shah Komal , Jadeja Dhigishaba M
Published: January 2021

Background: With COVID-19 cases rising, despite CT chest being of value in diagnosis and prognostication in COVID-19, its role in mild or asymptomatic suspected COVID-19, before RT-PCR test is lacking. Method: This is a retrospective observational study involving asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic clinically suspected COVID-19 infection in a high endemicity area. Of 2532 HRCT chest database, 376 eligible cases were analyzed for clinico-radiological correlation for CT findings based CORADS and CT severity score between positive vs negative group. Results: Of 376, 186 (48.46%) had COVID-19 features on HRCT in mild and asymptomatic suspected patients. 98 (26.06%) had CO-RARDS - 5, 88 (23.40%) had CO-RADS - 4. 48 (12.76%), 128 (34.04%), 14 (3.72%) had CO-RADS score of 3,2,1, respectively. Positive CT findings were more likely beyond 3 days of symptoms compared to those presenting earlier {days: (Mean) 4.2 vs 2.76} Positive CT was significantly associated with patients with anosmia and dyspnea. The common presenting symptoms were Fever 196 (52.12%) and followed by sore throat in 173 (46.01%). The common HRCT findings were Ground glass opacity (GGO) (74.60%), followed by Lymphadenopathy (LN) (27.92%). LN which was more prevalent in symptomatic patients {99/343 (28.86%) vs {6/33 (18.18%)} asymptomatics (P: 0.04)}. Consolidation was significantly more in asymptomatics with COPD (P: 0.004). 6 (3.22%) patients had CT score >17/25. Conclusion: Chest HRCT picked 48.46% positive cases in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic patients of which 3.22% had severe involvement (>17). Being a noninvasive, rapid, sensitive, low risk of cross infection with high reproducibility, chest CT is worth evaluating as screening modality even in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic clinically suspected COVID-19.
Role of chest radiography in the management of COVID-19 pneumonia: An overview and correlation with pathophysiologic changes
Authors: Kohli Anirudh , Hande Pradipta C , Chugh Shivam
Published: January 2021

Background: Chest radiography (CXR) is a widely available baseline radiological modality in evaluating symptomatic patients with suspected or confirmed Covid-19 disease. Serial changes can help in monitoring the patients in conjunction with the clinical status of these patients in a hospital setting. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the patterns of radiological findings on chest radiograph (CXR) for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients on initial presentation to the emergency medical services (EMS) on admission and to assess the progression and resolution. Materials and Methods: In this study, patients who presented to EMS of a multispeciality hospital as suspected or confirmed Covid-19 on consecutive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CXR was examined for findings of haziness, patterns and distribution of opacities. Progression and regression of findings in serial CXR were studied and evaluated with the clinical and laboratory parameters. High resolution CT (HRCT) chest was performed initially for some patients. Results: 756 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in our study who had initial CXR. 510 (67.46%) of our patients with positive initial RT-PCR showed abnormal baseline CXR. The abnormal findings were described as haziness akin to ground glass opacities (GGO) on CT, peripheral opacities, patchy parenchymal opacities and consolidation. Peripheral opacities and lower zone distribution were the commonest pattern of CXR abnormalities with bilateral involvement. The severity of findings on serial CXR and radiographic regression was studied along with follow-up to assess response to treatment. Forty-six patients showed features of acute lung injury (ALI). Complications and new CXR findings were reported for patients who were given ventilator support. Conclusion: CXR is a valuable baseline radiological investigation on hospital admission in symptomatic patients with suspected or confirmed Covid-19 presenting to the EMS as it helps to monitor the progress and regression of the disease in conjunction with clinical findings.
"Isso não é um cachimbo": sobre usuários de crack, seus artefatos e suas relações
Authors: Rui Taniele
Published: January 2021

Focando no objeto mediador necessário ao consumo de crack, o cachimbo, viso, neste artigo, articular relações sociais e materiais concernentes a esse universo. A partir deste artefato, boto em relevo a atuação das políticas de redução de danos e suas diferenças e divergências diante da abordagem policial. Indico também a relevância das suas composições para a identificação de uma cena de uso e, principalmente, problematizo as fronteiras que ligam, mas também separam, pessoas e coisas.
Moralidades que se chocam: fronteiras discursivas no cotidiano de uma Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher
Authors: Andrade Fabiana de
Published: January 2021

Muito se discute acerca dos motivos que impulsionam vítimas de violência doméstica a procurarem a Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher (DDM) e desistirem de suas queixas logo após seu registro. Nas narrativas das policiais, as diversas explicações para esse fenômeno colocam em circulação uma moralidade institucional para solucionar essa contenda. Ao mesmo tempo, as vítimas desse tipo de violência acionam outras moralidades que se constituem em estratégias de enfrentamento da violência, chocando-se com o esperado pela polícia. Dessa forma, a proposta desse trabalho é observar os efeitos produzidos no atendimento policial a partir do choque, das fronteiras discursivas, entre moralidades e expectativas de policiais e de vítimas de violência doméstica acompanhando o cotidiano de uma DDM paulista.
Reflexões sobre a questão da proteção social: uma leitura da obra de Robert Castel
Authors: Batista e Silva Martinho Braga
Published: January 2021

Uma parcela da obra do sociólogo Robert Castel é objeto de descrição e análise neste artigo, visando demonstrar a oscilação entre dois pólos ao longo de seus estudos: de uma crítica contundente a uma defesa aguerrida do papel do Estado. Nota-se uma desnaturalização do estatuto de tutela dos ditos “alienados mentais” no início de suas pesquisas, sobre o dispositivo psiquiátrico, desdobrando-se na formulação de uma ordem pós-disciplinar e um questionamento à “capilaridade” da ação governamental. Em trabalhos mais recentes, percebe-se a defesa de algum grau de proteção a agrupamentos antes nomeados “populações desviantes”, de modo que um “Estado Social” possa se fazer presente e inibir a formação de “zonas de desfiliação social”. Esse deslizamento entre a crítica e a defesa do papel do Estado sob a forma da garantia de proteção social a certas parcelas da população é permeado por divergências com outros autores da sociologia francesa, como François Ewald.
Software Livre como língua menor da tecnologia: Uma reflexão pontual sobre acesso, diversidade e inclusão digital
Authors: Caminati Francisco Antunes
Published: January 2021

Este ensaio tem sua origem em uma reflexão produzida para ser apresentada no colóquio “Technologies du Langage vers les sociétés du savoir”, realizado em setembro de 2005, na sede da UNESCO em Paris (França), organizado pela Embaixada do Brasil na França e pelo LABEURB/UNICAMP. Uma primeira versão, intitulada “Por uma ecologia do virtual”, foi apresentada no próprio colóquio. Uma segunda versão, intitulada “As línguas menores da tecnologia: Software livre, acesso e diversidade no mundo digital” foi produzida no ano seguinte (2006), para ser publicada, em inglês, junto com os outros textos apresentados no colóquio ou produzidos a partir da experiência de participação no evento. Esta publicação que deveria sistematizar os resultados do colóquio e continuar o seu debate não chegou a ser efetivamente publicada, fazendo com que esse texto permanecesse quase inédito até hoje.
“O imperialismo romano: novas perspectivas a partir da Bretanha”.
Authors: Menezes Victor Henrique S. , Moralez Gabriel
Published: January 2021

Há mais de 1500 anos após seu declínio, o mundo romano, mais especificamente, o período o qual historiadores denominam de Império, ainda hoje, exerce um inegável fascínio entre os estudiosos e pensadores do mundo antigo, assim como de algumas facções políticas que em determinados momentos se utilizam de sua imagem e história como forma de legitimar algo, ou mesmo, como estrutura de governo a ser almejada. A história do século XX, com um maior destaque, observa de perto o surgimento de algumas das ideologias políticas que reivindicavam a memória e faziam usos de determinados aspectos desse passado romano, considerado “glorioso”, como ocorreu na Alemanha nazista, na Itália fascista, na França de Vichy e na Espanha franquista, por exemplo. Fenômeno este não característico apenas da modernidade, os usos e reivindicações do passado romano podem ser considerados como fatores que acompanham a história da humanidade desde a época medieval, transformando o Império Romano, ao longo dos últimos séculos, em um símbolo de “poder”, “união” e “paz” para aqueles que almejavam transformar sua nação em um império e que se utilizaram da imagem de Roma como um emblema de poder e/ou estrutura de governo a ser seguido.
A morada de ser: muçulmanos na Europa e políticas de identidade.
Authors: Albuquerque José Lindomar C.
Published: January 2021

O livro de Nina Clara Tiesler pode ser situado no contexto mais amplo do debate político e acadêmico sobre o fenômeno migratório na Europa e os sentidos das diásporas religiosas em novos espaços de interações e experiências coletivas. Nos amplos movimentos migratórios em busca de trabalho e melhores condições de vida, muitos mulçumanos de ex-colônias européias do Norte da África desembarcaram em território europeu, especialmente após a segunda guerra mundial (1939-45), ou se converteram à religião muçulmana já na Europa a partir das diversas influências recebidas em variados lugares de convivência (família, trabalho, moradia, associações e outros espaços de sociabilidade). Essa heterogênea presença muçulmana na Europa de pessoas pertencentes a diferentes etnias, nações e expressões distintas da religião mulçumana ficou praticamente invisível nas primeiras décadas e somente alcançou notoriedade pública, política e acadêmica nos trinta últimos anos.
Engajamento Político Entre Atores Não Estatais: Participação Convencional e Não Convencional em Perspectiva Comparada
Authors: Gimenes Eder Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

O artigo trata da mensuração da participação política entre os atores políticos não estatais nas diferentes formas de engajamento político convencional e não convencional, bem como da análise comparativa dos dados resultantes desta medição com outras bases de dados, com vistas a identificar as semelhanças ou diferenças entre as medidas de participação convencional e não convencional nas suas várias formas entre os atores selecionados e os cidadãos da Região Metropolitana de Maringá e a população nacional.
“Deixe o campo te levar”: sobre a importância da realização de etnografia para a construção de um objeto de pesquisa
Authors: Monteiro Gabriel Moreira
Published: January 2021

No presente trabalho apresento, em linhas gerais, trechos da minha pesquisa de iniciação científica realizada junto a Estopim da Fiel – uma Torcida Organizada que apoia o Sport Club Corinthians Paulista, fundada e com sede no município de Diadema, componente da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo –, na qual busquei compreender quais são os valores simbólicos impressos na camisa oficial desta torcida que motivam torcedores do Corinthians a partilha- rem de momentos de sociabilidade nesta, a se associarem a esta e a comprarem a camisa da mesma. Desta pesquisa resultou o meu trabalho de conclusão de curso, apresentado sob a forma de monografia, intitulada: “vestir para se identificar, se identificar para vestir: a camisa oficial da Estopim da Fiel como elemento de construção e representação dos valores deste coletivo”. Busco, neste relato de pesquisa, demonstrar como a prática da pesquisa de campo fez-se essencial para construir o objeto e as questões norteadoras da pesquisa e, a posteriori, pensar o fenômeno proposto ao estudo.