bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Bleach Baths for Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Dhar Sandipan , De Abhishek , Godse Kiran , Shankar D S Krupa , Zawar Vijay , Girdhar Mukesh , Shah Bela
Published: September 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder affecting 15–20% of children and 1–10% of adults. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is the most frequent complication of AD and is involved in the worsening of the disease. Systemic and topical antibiotics are used in the treatment for AD but there are concerns over increasing resistance. Bleach (sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) baths are an inexpensive, widely accessible, alternative antibiotic treatment that may not worsen antibiotic resistance. Bleach baths are used as adjunctive treatment in AD patients to treat superinfections, although their mechanism of action is not well understood. Balancing safety concerns with efficacious treatment should be important especially for AD where the majority of patients are in pediatrics age groups. Studies available in PubMed databases were included in this review. Most suggested bleach bath improves clinical symptoms of AD and restores surface microbiome by eradicating bacteria, most notably S. aureus. Some studies have noted that this antimicrobial effect has reduced the need for topical corticosteroids. In addition, bleach seems to have strong anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effects. Overall, bleach baths seem to be safe on human skin, without disrupting the epidermal barrier function. The review concluded, although there are some advantages of use of bleach baths, more studies to investigate long-term efficacy and safety of bleach baths are required before fixing its role in the treatment of AD especially in the context of the Indian scenario.
A Clinical Study of Premature Canities and Its Association with Hemoglobin, Ferritin and Calcium Levels
Authors: Chandran Sruthi , Simon Sheena Ann , George Anuja Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives:

Greying of hair is a regular feature of chronological aging that occurs in all regions and races. Premature canities is defined as minimum of five grey hairs in a person less than 20 years in Whites, 25 years in Asians, and 30 years in Africans. Premature canities is a common yet incompletely understood dermatological entity. This study aims at finding any association between premature hair greying (PHG) and parameters like hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin and calcium levels as well as its clinical profile.

Methodology:

This was a hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Trivandrum over one and half years. The study population consisted of 40 cases and 40 controls. Severity assessment, calculation of body mass index, and estimation of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, calcium, Random blood sugar, Anti Thyroid Peroxidase antibody, T3, T4, and TSH were done.

Results:

The mean age of the 40 patients was 17.14 years and most patients had onset of greying between 16 and 20 years. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. A positive family history with a paternal predominance was noted. Vertex was the most common site of onset (42.5%), diffuse pattern was the most common clinical pattern (47.5%) and 60% had involvement of mild grade. Fourteen patients (35%) had abnormal investigations reports, in terms of low ferritin levels in 7 (17.5%), low calcium in 4 (10%) and a low Hb levels in 3 (7.5%) patients. Six (15%) patients had raised Anti TPO values. The association of PHG with low ferritin and raised anti-TPO levels were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Low serum ferritin and raised Anti TPO levels may have a role in premature hair greying.
Oxidative Stress and Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Human Papillomavirus Infections
Authors: Sener Sertac , Kilinc Fadime , Akbas Ayse , Erdogan Serpil , Erel Ozcan , Metin Ahmet
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Viral warts are a group of dermatological diseases caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Several studies have demonstrated an association between HPV infections and oxidative stress. Thiols are important components of cellular redox homeostasis as antioxidant molecules in the organism.

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress in patients with HPV infection by analyzing native thiol/disulfide homeostasis.

Material and Methods:

Forty-two patients with HPV infection and 40 healthy subjects were analyzed for the levels of native thiols, total thiols, and disulfide. Disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol ratios were also calculated.

Results:

Disulfide and total thiol levels were higher in the patients compared to the healthy controls. The disulfide/native thiol ratio was also higher in the patient group. Native and total thiol levels decreased with the increasing duration of the disease.

Conclusion:

The native thiol/disulfide homeostasis was shifted toward disulfide in the patients' group, indicating the existence of oxidative stress in HPV infection.
Comparison of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Performance at Different Voxel Sizes in the Evaluation of Mandibular Canal – An In vitro Study
Authors: Joy Rini , Kannan A. , Lakshmi Krithika C. , Lakshminrusimhan D.K.S. , Roy Anitha
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim:

Even though cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is a propitious tool to track the mandibular/ inferior alveolar canal (MC) course, documentation regarding indefectible CBCT imaging strategy for MC localization is sparse. This study aimed to appraise CBCT's functioning at specified voxel sizes for deducing an explicit voxel size setting that simplifies MC evaluation in individual imaging sections.

Materials and Methods:

CBCT scan of 12 dry human mandibles was produced at 0.5, 0.3, 0.25, and 0.2 mm voxel settings. Two specialists/assessors explored the generated images in coronal (buccolingual) and curved (anterior-posterior) sections.

Statistical Analyses:

Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, post-hoc Tukey HSD, and Kappa statistics.

Results:

All voxel specifications revealed appreciable statistical variance; coronal sections comparatively excelled in serving the study objective. Statistical authentication was spotted among voxel sizes 0.5–0.2 mm and 0.5–0.25 mm (both assessors, either section), 0.3–0.2 mm (first specialist, curved), and 0.3–0.5 mm (second specialist, curved). Inter-observer agreement was excellent for voxels 0.25 mm (coronal) and 0.2 mm (curved).

Conclusion:

Precise voxel setting to trace MC is 0.3 mm and the suitable imaging section is coronal.
Prevalence and Anatomic Variations of Lingual Foramina and Lingual Canal in Anterior Mandible Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Poovannan Sindhu , Sarumathi T
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Rich neurovascular supply in the anterior mandible necessitates a preoperative radiological assessment of the lingual foramina/canal where cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) could produce promising results.

Aim:

To assess the prevalence of lingual foramina and canal in mandible and variations in their anatomy in a hospital-based population in Chennai.

Methodology:

Sagittal sections of the anterior mandible from CBCT images of 140 patients were evaluated for number, location of the lingual foramen, length of the lingual canal, a distance of lingual foramen from the alveolar crest and inferior border of the mandible, and thickness of the lingual cortex.

Results:

A total of 166 lingual foramina-canals were identified in 140 individuals; 82.1% presented with one, 15.1% with two, and 2.1% with three lingual foramina canals. The majority of foramina (79.51%) were located above the genial tubercles. The mean lengths of the superior, middle, and inferior canals were 5.45 ± 1.34, 5.00 ± 1.73, and 3.92 ± 1.10 mm, respectively. The mean thickness of the lingual cortex was 2.35 ± 0.55 mm. The distance from the inferior lingual foramina to the alveolar crest was significantly greater in males (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Anatomical characteristics of lingual foramen-canal varied significantly across the total sample.
Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders and Their Correlation with Gender, Anxiety, and Depression in Dental Students − A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Lokesh S , Naik Zameera , Panwar Arun , Sridhar M , Bagewadi Anjana
Published: September 2022

Context:

The role of anxiety and depression in causing temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) has been well established in the past; however, there are no studies on dental students that evaluate both the TMD and psychological factors.

Aim:

To determine the prevalence of TMD among dental students and its correlation with gender, anxiety, and depression.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 384 dental students (both undergraduates and postgraduates). The prevalence and severity of TMD were assessed with an anamnestic questionnaire. The severity of anxiety and depression was evaluated by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale after eliciting a detailed case history to include/exclude the participants. Statistical tests, including Shapiro-Wilk's, Chi-square, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, were done to check the normality distribution, association, and correlation, respectively.

Results:

The results revealed that 52.9% of the students had some degree of TMD. There was no statistically significant difference in the TMD severity between different gender (P = 0.373). About 51% of the students had anxiety, and 24% had depression. There was a statistically significantly high level of anxiety in females than in males (P = 0.046); however, not for depression (P = 0.312). There was a significant positive correlation between TMD severity and anxiety (P < 0.001) but not depression (P = 0.10).

Conclusions:

A high TMD prevalence was observed in dental students. There was a significant positive correlation between TMD severity with anxiety but not gender and depression. Psychological counseling and appropriate management are the need of the hour to prevent further complications.
Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein by malpositioned thoracostomy tube
Authors: Ali Manzoor , Alok Kumar , Ankur Joshi , Nikhil Tiwari
Published: September 2022

Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) is common postoperatively and various factors are attributed to the development of thrombosis. Central venous catheters, protein C, S deficiency, and hypercoagulable state are few to mention. Although thrombosis of IJV due to malposition chest drain is a rare entity, we report the case of an 11-month-old male case of tetralogy of Fallot postintracardiac repair presented with swelling of the right side of the face and neck.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the severity of non-fatal injuries, but not the risk of fatal injuries, among driver victims of motor vehicle crashes in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu I-Lin , Hou Wen-Hsuan , Chang Ya-Hui , Li Chung-Yi
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES: Limited information is available on whether diabetes increases the severity of injuries from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). This study aimed to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes with injury severity among driver victims of MVCs.METHODS: This cohort study involved 75,737 adult driver victims with type 2 diabetes from Taiwan’s Police-Reported Traffic Accident Registry in 2015-2017, along with 150,911 sex-, age-, and calendar year-matched controls. The severity level of non- fatal injuries was derived from the International Classification of Diseases Programs for Injury Categorization based on the diagnostic codes of National Health Insurance claims within 3 days after an MVC. Information on fatal injuries within 3 days after an MVC was obtained from the Taiwan Death Registry. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of injury severity in association with type 2 diabetes.RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, driver victims with type 2 diabetes experienced significantly higher risks of mild and severe non-fatal injuries than their counterparts without diabetes, with covariate-adjusted ORs of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.11) and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.37), respectively. By contrast, the adjusted OR for fatal injuries was not significantly elevated, at 1.02 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.18). Similar results were found when car and scooter driver victims were analyzed separately.CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes was found to moderately increase the severity of non-fatal injuries from MVCs among car and scooter driver victims.
Kanguru Bakımına Yönelik Görüş, İnanış ve Tutum: Ebe ve Hemşire Perspektifi
Authors: BİLGİÇ Fatma Şule , YILDIZ KARAAHMET Aysu
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Ebe ve hemşirelerin kanguru bakımına yönelik görüş, inanış ve tutumlarının incelemek amacıyla yapıldı.Yöntem: Araştırma bir kamu ve iki özel hastanede çalışan 214 ebe ve hemşire ile Haziran-Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan “Veri Toplama Formu” ve “Kanguru Bakımı Görüş İnanış ve Tutum Envanteri” kullanılarak çevrimiçi anketler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan katılımcıların %56.5’inin hemşire olduğu, %46.3’ünün yenidoğan yoğun bakımda çalıştığı, meslekteki yıllarının 7.71±7.27 yıl olduğu, Kanguru Bakımı Görüş İnanış ve Tutum Envanteri (KBGİTE), tutum, görüş ve inanış boyutları arasında toplam puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon olduğu saptandı (p=0.000). KBGİTE toplam puan ortalaması ile eğitim durumu, meslek, çalışılan birim ve daha önce kanguru bakımı eğitimi alma durumu ile ilişkili olduğu bulundu (p<0.005). Envanterin Chronbach’s alpha güvenirlik katsayısı 0.975 olduğu belirlendi.Sonuç: Ebe ve hemşirelerin eğitim durumu, kanguru bakımı ile eğitim almaları kanguru bakımı kanguru bakımına yönelik görüş, inanış ve tutum ile ilişkili olduğu ve kanguru bakımı ile ilgili olumlu görüş ve inanışları arttıkça tutumlarının da arttığı görüldü.
Association of Specialists in the Field of Professional Communication in Medicine
Authors: Vasilyeva E. , Gribkov D. , Dyachenko E. , Shubina L.
Published: September 2022

A significant limitation in the targeted and systematic training of future health workers in professional communication skills is the lack of a coordinated approach in the professional community of medical education specialists on the methodology of teaching and assessing communicative competence. An initiative working group is currently working. All interested persons are invited to participate in the work of the group.
The Psychological and Physical Benefits of the Supervised Individual Exercise Program During Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Özkan Emine Elif , Soyupek Feray , Turen Zeynep , Karataş Özlem
Published: September 2022

Treatment side effects lead to a negative impact on quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Exercise is reported to improve the physical and psychological status of these patients. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of exercise during radiotherapy on physical and psychological status in breast cancer patients. A randomized prospective study was set in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic. Histologically proven stage I-III breast cancer patients referred for adjuvant radiotherapy were randomly assigned to a supervised aerobic and strengthening exercise program (10 patients) or usual medical care without exercise training (10 patients). The primary outcome parameters were Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES), Short Form-36 (SF_36) Quality of life, Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). End points were assessed 1 week prior to and 1 week following 6 weeks exercise training. In the repeated measures analysis, BAI and FSS scores decreased, while general health (GH) and energy/fatigue (E) subscores of SF-36 increased in the exercise group (p=0.045, Cohen d=0.757 for BAI, p=0.02, Cohen d=0.863, p=0.010, Cohen d=1.02 for GH, p=0.032, Cohen d=0.801 for E). In addition, the use of problem-based coping score decreased in the control group (p=0.049, Cohen d=0.641). No significant differences were found between two groups in scores for BDI and RSES (p>0.05). In conclusion, supervised combined exercise training during adjuvant radiotherapy improved anxiety, fatigue, energy, and general health perceptions and also prevented decrease in using effective coping strategies.
A RESERVE FORCE ON THE WESTERN FRONT IN THE TURKISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE: ASSEMBLY GUARD BATTALION (1920-1923)
Authors: ÇAYKIRAN Güzin
Published: September 2022

By the end of 1918, when the Turkish National Struggle began, there was a military resistance, as well as many organizations in a political sense. While these organizations could make military decisions to organize the National Struggle, they also managed this struggle in a political sense. One of them was the representative committee (Heyet-i Temsiliye) established at the Erzurum Congress. On December 27, 1919, the representative committee that came to Ankara with Mustafa Kemal Pasha carried out its works from here. During this time, Istanbul was occupied by the Entente Forces and the Ottoman Assembly was disbanded. The Grand National Assembly was opened on April 23, 1920, for this reason. Mustafa Kemal Pasha, the leader of the National Struggle, was elected for the speakership of the Assembly. After Mustafa Kemal Pasha became the speaker of the assembly, Lieutenant Ismail Hakkı came to him from Ardahan as a companion officer. Lieutenant First Lieutenant İsmail Hakkı had established the guard battalion of the Grand National Assembly on July 18, 1920, by the order of Mustafa Kemal Pasha. After this battalion was formed, sometimes it served to protect the Assembly and Mustafa Kemal Pasha in Ankara, and sometimes it participated in battles on the Western Front as a reserve force without hesitating to go any front. In this study, the activities of the Assembly Guard Battalion, the first protection battalion of the Grand National Assembly which was opened on April 23, 1920, after the Turkish War of Independence began, on the Western Front were discussed. The main sources of the study in question are the documents obtained from the Archives of the Ministry of National Defense. In addition, various studies in the literature were also used. The documents and information in question were analyzed by qualitative and quantitati methods and the study was put forward.
THE FIRST NATIONAL MUSIC COMPETITION HELD AFTER THE ALATURCA MUSIC BAN (1 January-15 May 1935)
Authors: BAYINDIR ULUSKAN Seda
Published: September 2022

Atatürk, Türk müziğinin gelişmesi, evrensel boyutlara ulaşması ve çok sesli müziğin Türk halkına benimsetilmesi için müzik sanatında bir inkılâp gerçekleştirdi. Milliyetçiliğin yükselen değer olduğu 1930’lu yıllarda sadece siyasette değil sanatta, özellikle de müzikte millîliği esas aldı. Dönemin basını, düşünürleri ve gazetecileri de yazılarında millîlik meselesini gündeme getiren yazılar kaleme alarak sürece katkı sağladı. Ancak bu çalışmalar müzikte bir alaturka-alafranga tartışmasını da beraberinde getirdi. 1926 yılında Dârülelhan’daki Türk Musikisi bölümünün kapatılması ile başlayan tartışma, Türk Sanat Müziği’nin 2 Kasım 1934’de radyolarda çalınıp söylenmesine getirilen yasakla daha da alevlendi. Gazetelerde yasağı desteklemek amacıyla bazı röportajlar yayınlandı. Hatta okurlar arasında müzik inkılâbına destek bulmak amacıyla Cumhuriyet gazetesi tarafından bir ulusal müzik yarışması dahi düzenlendi. Atatürk’ün direktifleri ile düzenlendiğini bildiğimiz bu yarışma okurlara ilk olarak 27 Aralık 1934’de ilan edildi. Gazetenin, “ulusal sesimizi bulabilmek yolunda büyük bir deneme” olarak tanımladığı bu güfte ve beste yarışmasına çok sayıda şair ile bestekâr katıldı. 1 Ocak-15 Mayıs 1935 tarihleri arasında yapılan yarışmanın sonucunda kazananlara ve okurlara pek çok ödül dağıtıldı. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk müziğine getirilen yasak sonrası düzenlenen ilk ulusal müzik yarışmasının maksadını, detaylarını ve sonuçlarını ortaya çıkartarak müzik tarihimize katkıda bulunabilmektir.
Anthropogenic Threats to Ecosystem Services of Maldivian Coral Reefs: Current Policies and Solutions
Authors: Sharma Ahil , Sommer Nathalie
Published: September 2022

Healthy, biodiverse coral reefs provide many ecosystem services from both an ecological and socio-economic standpoint. Anthropogenic activity poses a threat to the capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services. The vast, teeming coral reef system of the Maldives is under threat from overfishing, coral mining, destructive fishing methods, direct pollution and litter, and the unsustainable disposal of garbage in the country. The Maldivian government has implemented a number of policies to address these threats and protect local coral reef ecosystems from harm; however, these policies need to be expanded in order to more effectively and comprehensively protect local coral reefs. If the policies outlined in this paper are adopted, Maldivian coral reefs will be protected well into the future and the local population will benefit from their ecosystem services for generations to come.
Preparedness and Costing on Fire Safety Installation in Commercial Buildings
Authors: Mishra A. K. , Aithal P. S.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The study was carried out to analyze the awareness among the management, occupants and concerned authority of selected commercial buildings at Birtamode, jhapa and prepare the tentative cost of additional tools and equipment’s needed.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This research is focused on two commercial buildings; Hanuman central and One stop mall (Birtamode Jhapa). These building are selected for research as both of the buildings are considered as largest shopping malls and they also vary in planning and construction technology.
The fire safety preparedness and awareness of management, occupants were analyzed. After then preparedness and awareness of concerned authority like fire fighters, Municipality and Nepal police were analyzed. Data was collected from occupants, management and concerned authority based on the questionnaires survey, site visits with check list and key informant interview. Information regarding fire safety preparedness and awareness was presented in tabular form, charts and Key informants interview and questionnaire.
Findings/Result: Fire safety preparedness were lacking due to lack awareness on evacuation procedure and equipment’s operation. Management seems to be more focused on financial aspect rather than safety. Lack of proper firefighting equipment’s, equipment’s in poor condition, unmanaged electrical wires is the existing problem in the buildings. Concerned authority (Birtamode Municipality) had a fire Fighting team with a six fire men with a tank and fire fighting vehicle. But the new technologies like GPS were not introduced to firefighter. There were many cases reported where due to communication gap between the fire fighter and residents, the response was late which resulted more damage. Lack of fire hydrant near the major commercial buildings created problem for fire fighter to refill their water tank. Narrow roads inside the municipality, poor implementation of fire safety code were major problem for fire fighters. The tentative cost for the installation of fire safety tools and equipment’s Rs 5, 15,000 and Rs 9, 50,000 for one stop mall and Hanuman central respectively.
Originality/Value: The study may be a guiding document for professionals, entrepreneurs and occupants for improving awareness and preparedness by obtaining cost components against fire safety.
Paper Type: Research paper
Práticas corporais e atividades físicas como fator de resistência na história de vida de uma idosa
Authors: Paiva Lira Maurício , Amanda Streit Inês , Mezzaroba Cristiano , Machado de Oliveira Victor José
Published: September 2022

Objetivamos investigar a história de vida de uma idosa e observar se as práticas corporais e atividades físicas (PCAF) aparecem como fator de resistência. Foi conduzido um estudo qualitativo caracterizado como história de vida, com uma idosa de 78 anos de idade. A partir de uma entrevista em profundidade, aberta e não-estruturada, produziram-se os dados que foram tratados com a análise de conteúdo. Identificamos fatores de resistência como sentido de vida, autoestima e assistência social. Variáveis como o ambiente familiar, a escola, a religião e o trabalho tiveram influência direta na aquisição de atitudes positivas para a saúde. As PCAF apareceram como meio para outras formatações como o caso da sociabilidade, do cuidado de si e da significação da vida. Elas ainda oportunizaram a autoestima, como um dos fatores de resistência frente às diversas pressões do meio e tendo interferência essencial para o contínuo saúde-doença.
Early Classical Authors on Jesus
Authors: Williams Margaret H.
Published: September 2022

Margaret H. Williams examines how classical writers saw and portrayed Jesus, engaging with the fact that as the originator of a new (and still existing) world religion, Jesus of Nazareth, otherwise known as Christus (Christ), is an individual of indisputable historical significance.

Williams shows how from the outset Jesus was a controversial figure. Contemporary Jews in the Roman province of Judaea tended either to adore or to abhor him. When indue course his fame spread throughout the wider Roman empire, reactions to him there among both Jews and non-Jews were no less divergent. Each of the early classical writers who makes mention of him, the historian Tacitus, the biographer Suetonius, the epistolographer Pliny and the satirist Lucian, takes a different view of him and presents him in a different way. Williams considers these different depictions and questions why these writers had such differing views of Jesus. To answer this question Williams examines not only to the different literary conventions by which each of these writers was bound but also to the social, cultural and religious contexts in which they operated.
Disrupting Leadership in Entrepreneurial Universities
Authors: Blackmore Jill
Published: September 2022

What is the future of the contemporary university and for those who wish to lead them?

Considering leadership in the broadest sense, including academic leadership (teaching and research) as well as leadership practices of those in formal management positions, Jillian Blackmore outlines how multiple pressures on universities have produced leadership practices in management and research which are more corporate than collegial, and which discourage many academics from aspiring to leadership. She uses range of theoretical tools, informed by critical and feminist organisational studies, to unpack higher education and how it is being transformed. Drawing from three Australian university case studies, this book uses leadership as a lens through which to investigate the effects of restructuring of the higher education sector has impacted differently on academic identities and careers.
A Voice for Maria Favela
Authors: Leal Antonio
Published: September 2022

This open access book, originally published in Portuguese in 1988 and now available in English for the first time, describes the Brazilian educator, Antonio Leal’s, experiences teaching so-called “unteachable” children in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas. A Voice for Maria Favela tells the story of how Leal considers what the children bring to the class, gradually engaging them in developing a narrative about Maria Favela, a single mother and housemaid. Leal uses the sounds within the story to draw out the students’ abilities to see enunciation and articulation as a process of becoming literatized.

A contemporary and admirer of Paulo Freire, Leal nevertheless recognised that his students’ needs could not be theorized along Freirean lines of oppressor/oppressed. He devised an emancipatory approach that is more focussed on the individual child and their capacity for self-expression than those often found in critical pedagogy. The book puts forward a unique type of radical pedagogy and philosophy of education, developed through direct classroom observation. The book includes a substantial introduction written by the translator Alexis Gibbs (University of Winchester, UK) and preface by Inny Accioly (Fluminense Federal University, Brazil).

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.
The Eclipse of Great Britain
Authors: Orde Anne
Published: September 2022

The decline of Great Britain as a world power was the result of long-term economic change and two world wars. Except in a few areas, American authorities did not set out to supplant Britain: indeed until the Second World War they were hesitant about the use of power. But when they embraced it, a variety of factors ensured that it was Britain's place that was taken. This book offers an authoritative analysis of the stages of displacement and the complex feelings aroused by the process on both sides of the Atlantic. As such it describes a transfer of power which will surely be seen as one of the most fundamentally important events of the twentieth century.
evidence
Authors: Emson Raymond
Published: September 2022

From DNA profiling to consideration of the accused's previous conduct, the law of evidence is a fascinating amalgam of logic, common sense, philosophy and tactics. Evidence explains the fundamentals and looks at the principles behind it.
Planning in the UK
Authors: Greed Clara
Published: September 2022

This accessible text introduces the history, theory and key issues of planning. It is designed to give those new to the subject, both planning and non-planning students, a concise overview of the whole field.
Massada's Astaganaga
Authors: Mutsaers Lutgard
Published: September 2022

This book explores an album of popular music with a remarkable significance to a violent wave of postcolonial tensions in the Netherlands in the 1970s. Several “actions” were claimed by a small number of first-generation descendants of ca. 12,500 reluctant migrants from the young independent state of Indonesia (former Dutch East Indies). Transferred in 1951, this culturally coherent group consisted of ex-Royal Dutch Colonial Army personnel and their families. Their ancient roots in the Moluccan archipelago and their protestant-christian faith defined their minority image. Their sojourn should have been temporary, but frustratingly turned out to be permanent. At the height of strained relations, Massada rose to the occasion. Astaganaga (1978) is a telling example of the will to negotiate a different diasporic Moluccan identity through uplifting contemporary sounds.
The impact of body mass index on the active range of motion of the lower extremity in sedentary young adults
Authors: Hussein Hisham M. , Farrag Ahmed T.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The study aimed to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the active range of motion (AROM) of the lower extremity joints in healthy sedentary young adults.

Methods

Overall, 300 subjects of both genders (aged 18–30 years) were recruited in a way ensuring that the 4 BMI categories (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese) were well represented within the study sample. AROM of hip (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external and internal rotation), knee (flexion and extension), and ankle (dorsiflexion and plantar flexion) were measured by using standard manual goniometry. The average of 3 repetitions for each joint movement was recorded.

Results

Hip and knee sagittal movement and ankle dorsiflexion were significantly different between the BMI categories. The underweight and normal participants had statistically significantly highest AROM measures when compared with the overweight and obese individuals. Sagittal hip (flexion: r = –0.344, p < 0.001; extension: r = –0.291, p < 0.001) and knee (r = –0.544, p < 0.001), as well as hip abduction (r = –0.127, p = 0.027) movements exhibited a significant negative correlation with BMI. Rotational hip and ankle joint movements were not correlated with BMI.

Conclusions

Increasing BMI limits the sagittal AROM of the hip and knee joints in sedentary healthy young adults. Obesity and overweight could be listed among the factors affecting sagittal hip and knee AROM.
Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation with two different frequencies and combined training on lipid profile and body composition in overweight women
Authors: Sadeghipour Sonia , Mirzaei Bahman
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The study aimed to investigate the effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) and combined training on lipid profile and body composition in overweight women.

Methods

Overall, 45 overweight (body mass index [BMI]: 27.73 ± 1.59 kg/m2) women (aged 32.89 ± 4.59 years) voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a WB-EMS group, who received WB-EMS (2 sessions/week, 20 min/session; first session each week: 85 Hz, 350 μs, 4 s pulse, 4 s rest; second session: 7–15 Hz, 350 μs, continuous pulse); a combined training group, who underwent aerobic and bodyweight resistance training (2 sessions/week, 20 min/session); and a control group. In all 3 groups, lipid profile and body composition were assessed before and after 8 weeks of intervention.

Results

In the WB-EMS group, within-group comparison revealed significant differences in triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, body fat percentage, body fat mass, and lean body mass values (p ≤ 0.05); there was no significant difference only in fasting blood sugar. In the combined training group, a significant difference was only observed in BMI (p ≤ 0.05). In the post-intervention between-group comparison, there were significant differences only in high-density lipoprotein and body fat percentage (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

Since WB-EMS has positive effects on lipid profile and body composition, it may be a proper method for people who have limited time for exercise or are unable or unmotivated to practise conventional exercises.
Analysis of racial/ethnic differences in pain perception, quality of life, and self-efficacy among chronic neck pain patients
Authors: Dewan Sonia Dua , Kutty Rahul Krishnan , Siew Lau Gong
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Perception of pain can be influenced by biological, cognitive, and psychological factors in chronic pain conditions. Racial/ethnic disparity has been reported in the prevalence, severity, and outcome of pain. The study aim was to compare pain intensity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and self-efficacy in chronic neck pain (CNP) subjects of different ethnic groups.

Methods

Overall, 64 subjects with CNP were recruited and allocated into 3 groups: Malay (21), Chinese (23), and Indian (20). Baseline data were collected with the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). A comparative research design served to compare pain intensity, HRQoL, and self-efficacy in the CNP subjects of the different ethnic groups.

Results

In NRS, the Chinese group reported higher pain intensity in categories of least pain intensity and average pain intensity. PSEQ data on current pain intensity and worst pain intensity showed high ratings of both categories in the Malay and Indian groups. The Indian group exhibited more pain relief seeking behaviour than the Malay group (40.52 ± 9.85). In SF-36, the p-value for mental health was 0.19, which suggests low mental health, i.e., higher catastrophization when dealing with chronic pain.

Conclusions

Significant ethnic differences were reported in the parameters of pain perception, HRQoL, and self-efficacy among the Chinese, Malay, and Indian groups. Pain perception and duration play a minor role in perceived HRQoL, whereas pain perception relates more to the outcome of perceived disability.
Pengaruh Return On Equity (ROE), Return On Assets (ROA) Dan Net Profit Margin (NPM) Terhadap Harga Saham PT Handjaja Mandala Sampoerna (HMSP) Tbk. Tahun 2011-2020
Authors: Pangaribuan Josua Parlinggoman , Panjaitan Raya , Nancy Nopeline
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Return On Equity (X1), Return On Assets (X2), and Net Profit Margin (X3) to Stock Price (Y) at PT Handjaja Mandala Sampoerna (HMSP) Tbk. Year 2011-2020. Population in this study are the financial statements of PT Handjaja Mandala Sampoerna (HMSP) Tbk. and the sampling of 40 in this study is financial statements of PT Handjaja Mandala Sampoerna (HMSP) Tbk. quarterly from 2011-2020. Based on the results of multiple linear regression test the regression equation obtained is Y = 3411.421 – 13.683X1 – 15.000X2 + 65.210X3 + e. Based on the results of the partial test, it was found that the variable Return On Equity has a significant effect on Stock Prices, Return On Assets does not significant effect on the Stock Price, While the Net Profit Margin significant effect on Stock Prices. Simultaneous test results it is known that Return On Equity, Return On Assets, and Net Profit Margin do not significant effect on Stock Prices. R Square value in research this is 0.146 which means the ability of the independent variable to explain the dependent variable is 14.6%. The remaining 85.4% is influenced by the variable other than this research model.
Pengaruh Pemasaran Melalui Media Sosial Terhadap Kepuasaan Pelanggan Dalam Membeli Produk Makanan Dan Minuman di Instagram
Authors: Silalahi Lamsar Pandapotan
Published: September 2022

Instagram is a popular social application among smart phone users. The name instagram is derived from the instant insta word and the gram of the word telegram. So instagram is a combination of instant words and telegrams. Using the word may be interpreted as an application for instant information, which is in the form of photos of processing photos, editing photos and sharing (share) to other social networks. A trend of lnstagram has been a marketing tool that USES products as his means of communication. Overinstagram is using public participation as an advertising funnel. The study is aimed at learning how social media marketing affects customers' satisfaction with buying products through instagram. The research methods used in this study employ the quantitative methods. The removal of samples in this study USES non-probability and the type of sample retrieval USES sampling samples. The number of samples used in this study is as many as 70 respondents using exceptional sampling. The analysis methods used are validity tests, recapabilities tests, classic assumptions tests, simple linear regression tests and hypothetical tests. Studies have concluded that social media marketing has a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction.
Effect of different abiotic conditions on biomass and fucoxanthin content of Amphora capitellata
Authors: DEMİREL Zeliha , ERDOĞAN Ayşegül , KARATAŞ Ayça Büşra , DALAY Meltem
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of physical conditions such as aeration rate (1, 3, 5 L/min) as well as chemical conditions including sodium nitrite (NaNO2), urea (CH4N2O) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the biomass productivity and fucoxanthin concentration of A. capitellata. The optimum cultures were cultivated in f/2 medium using sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in 2 L bubbling bottle photobioreactors under the light intensity of 100 µE/ m2s with aeration rate of 2 L/min. All the bottles were then incubated at 22.0±2°C, under the light intensities of 300 µE/m2s with three different airflow rates of 1, 3, 5 L/min for 16 days. And then, culture medium was prepared with three different nitrogen sources to achieve higher biomass productivity. During the production of A. capitellata, the maximum specific growth rate of 0.166 day-1, which conformed to the doubling time of 4.166 day, was achieved at the light intensity of 300 µE/m2s with an aeration rate of 1 L/min when sodium nitrate was used. Chlorophyll-a and fucoxanthin contents were also at the highest level in the same light intensity. Dry biomass amount reached the maximum level of 0.66±0.17 g/L in case of NaNO2. In this study, it was defined that the airflow rate of 1 L/min, the light intensity of 300 µE/m2s and sodium nitrate (NaNO3) were the optimum values not only for the growth of A. capitellata cells but also for the production of biomass and a higher fucoxanthin concentration.
Hemispheric-wide climate response to regional COVID-19-related aerosol emission reductions: the prominent role of atmospheric circulation adjustments
Authors: Fahrenbach Nora Lea Sophie , Bollasina Massimo Alberto
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The national and global restrictions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic led to a sudden, albeit temporary, emission reduction of many greenhouse gases (GHGs) and anthropogenic aerosols, whose near-term climate impact was previously found to be negligible when focusing on global- and/or annual-mean scales. Our study aims to investigate the monthly-scale coupled climate and circulation response to regional, COVID-19-related aerosol emission reductions, using the output from ten Earth System Models participating in the Covid Model Intercomparison Project (CovidMIP). We focus on January–February and March–May 2020, which represent the seasons of largest emission changes in sulphate (SO2) and black carbon (BC). During JF, a marked decrease in aerosol emissions over eastern China, the main emission region, results in a lower aerosol burden, leading to an increase in surface downwelling radiation and ensuing surface warming. Regional sea-level pressure and circulation adjustments drive a precipitation increase over the Maritime Continent, embedded in a negative PDO/ENSO-like response over the Pacific, in turn associated with a northwestward displacement and zonal shrinking of the Indo-Pacific Walker cell. Remote climate anomalies across the Northern Hemisphere, including a weakening of the Siberian High and Aleutian Low as well as anomalous temperature patterns in the northern mid-latitudes, arise primarily as a result of stationary Rossby wave trains generated over East Asia. The anomalous climate pattern and driving dynamical mechanism reverse polarity between JF and MAM 2020, which is shown to be consistent with an underlying shift of the dominant region of SO2 emission reduction from eastern China in JF to India in MAM. Our findings highlight the prominent role of large-scale dynamical adjustments in generating a hemispheric-wide aerosol climate imprint even on short time scales, which are largely consistent with longer-term (decadal) trends. Furthermore, our analysis shows the sensitivity of the climate response to the geographical location of the aerosol emission region, even after relatively small, but abrupt, emission changes. Scientific advances in understanding the climate impact of regional aerosol perturbations, especially the rapidly evolving emissions over China and India, are critically needed to reduce current uncertainties in near-future climate projections and to develop scientifically informed hazard mitigation and adaptation policies.
Daily INSOLation (DINSOL-v1.0) model: An intuitive tool to be coupled with climate models and used in classrooms
Authors: Oliveira Emerson Damasceno
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Climate modelling requires spending an extensive amount of time programming, which means reading, learning, testing, and evaluating source code. Fortunately, many climate models have been developed within the past decades, making it easier for climate studies to be conducted on a global scale. However, some climate models have millions of code lines, making the introduction of new parameterizations a laborious task that demands teamwork. While it is true that the high complexity models perform realistic climate simulations, some researchers perform their studies using simplified climate models in the preliminary test phases. This realisation motivated the development of the Daily INSOLation (DINSOL) model, a robust computer program to support the simplified climate models, performing solar radiation calculations while considering Milankovitch cycles and offering various simulation options for its users. DINSOL was intended to function as a model which supplies data (e.g., daily insolation, instantaneous solar radiation, orbital parameters of the Earth, and the calendar dates), such as the PMIPII. While preparing the boundary conditions of solar radiation for climate models, it was realised that the DINSOL model could also be a helpful tool for use in classrooms. Thus, it was decided that an intuitive graphical user interface would be required to cater to this educational purpose. The model was written in the Fortran 90 language, while its graphical user interface would be built using PyGTK, a Python application programming interface (API) based on GIMP ToolKit (GTK). Furthermore, the R language would also be used to generate a panel containing contour fields and sketches of the orbital parameters to support the graphical execution. The model evaluation made use of data from PMIPII and other models, and the data analysis was performed through statistical methods. Once all tests were concluded, an insignificant difference between the DINSOL-obtained results and the results obtained from other models validated the viability of DINSOL as a tool.
Combination of Geometric and Gravimetric Data across Greenland for the Estimation of Changing Ice Masses
Authors: Graf Matthias , Pail Roland
Published: September 2022

In this study, a method is developed which allows to combine gravimetric and geometric data in order to improve the spatial resolution of the resulting mass balance estimate. The so called equivalent ice density of the changing ice volume is estimated within a mathematical inversion model which includes as observations geometric information about the volumetric change of the ice sheet and the resulting gravity change. In the presentation, detailed insights into the mathematical and stochastic procedures will be delivered.

As gravimetric information, monthly GRACE gravity fields are applied. They have a limited spatial resolution of a few 100 km, but allow direct conclusions about the true mass changes across Greenland. The ice volumes are described by a product of ESA’s Climate Change Initiative which is derived from altimetry data. They have a very fine spatial resolution (down to a few km), but are not directly sensitive to the density of the changing ice volumes.

By combining both datasets in a common mathematical model, the advantages of both data types (direct sensitivity to mass vs. high spatial resolution) are used to improve the spatial resolution of mass balance estimates across Greenland. The result will be a map of mass trends which has the same spatial resolution like the input map of geometric changes. At the same time, the high-resolution distribution of surface-mass changes is reasoned in the GRACE gravity fields. The resulting distribution is compared to the results of other studiers regarding the spatial structure of mass changes and the total mass loss.

However, due to limits concerning the computational effort regarding the applied computers, it is only possible to recognize structures which correspond to the applied sampling rate of the grid on which the density distribution is estimated. Furthermore, regularization methods due to near-singularities of the normal equation matrix have to be applied. Along the coasts due to the limited resolution of the input GRACE gravity fields, leakage effects occur in the sense of a physically unreasonable assignment of mass changes to nearby oceanic surfaces. However, those effects can be partly reduced through the here presented combination approach.