bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) — promising omics breakthrough in the endocrinology
Authors: Mikheev R. K. , Romantsova T. I. , Troshina E. A. , Grigoryan O. R. , Andreeva E. N. , Sheremetyeva E. V. , Absatarova Yu. S. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: The cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript has been discovered long time ago (circa over 25 years ago) but still stays not enough investigated. Just during last five years scientist’s society started providing interest to the genomic, proteomic and metabolic essence of the cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript.

AIM: The evaluation of historical pathway and perspectives of the cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript medical investigations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature search has been provided via Russian (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (PubMed, Cochrane Library) databases and among articles on Russian and English languages. The main criteria for article selection was free access and 2019–2021 years of publishing. Although the introduction is based on the articles published in 1989. The present article was created according to the federal project «Central and peripheral pathophysiological mechanisms of adipose tissue diseases and their clinical and hormonal manifestations» (2020–2022)

RESULTS AND CONCLUISON: It is necessary to keep on investigating genomic, proteomic and metabolomic markers because they contain important clues for successful resistance against human diseases. The 21st century is the era of transformation from simple clinical medicine to personalized science. For example, researches in the area of cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript may result in invention of genetic medicine against dangerous metabolic diseases.
Clinical guideline of «congenital hypothyroidism»
Authors: Peterkova V. A. , Bezlepkina O. B. , Shiryaeva T. U. , Vadina T. A. , Nagaeva E. V. , Chikulaeva O. A. , Shreder E. V. , Konuhova M. B. , Makretskaya N. A. , Shestopalova E. A. , Mitkina V. B.
Published: April 2022

Congenital hypothyroidism is an important issue of pediatric endocrinology at which timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent the development of severe cases of the disease. The developed clinical guidelines are a working tool for a practicing physician. The target audience is pediatric endocrinologists and pediatricians. They briefly and logically set out the main definition of the disease, epidemiology, classification, methods of diagnosis and treatment, based on the principles of ­evidence-based medicine.
Definitive treatment of Graves’ disease in children
Authors: Ivannikova T. E. , Shiryaeva T. Yu. , Nagaeva E. V. , Sheremeta M. S. , Brovin D. N. , Bezlepkina O. B.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Hyperthyreoidism due to Graves’ disease is a rare disorder in pediatric practice. There is 2 treatment options in Graves’ disease: medical treatment and definitive treatment, including surgery and radioactive iodine. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. If medical therapy is ineffective the choice between radical treatment method is raised: radioactive iodine or total thyroidectomy. In this research we analyze treatment outcomes in pediatric Graves’ disease patients after different radical treatment methods.

AIM: Comparative analysis of radical treatment outcomes in pediatric patients with Graves’ disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective and prospective one-center research of 122 patients with Graves’ disease after radical treatment (between 2016 and 2021)

RESULTS: The mean age was 13.5±3,5 year at the moment of examination. Patients were divided into 2 groups due to the radical treatments method: 1 group (n=60) were children after surgical treatment, 2 group (n=62) — after radioactive iodine. The mean dose of medical treatment in these groups did not reliably differ (p=0,06), duration of the medical treatment was reliably longer in patients after radioactive iodine (p=0,024). Graves’ orbitopathy was diagnosed in 58 patients (47,5%) and met equally often in both groups, but active stage of Graves’ orbitopathy was diagnosed only in patients from the 1st group. Thyroid size was reliable bigger in patients from the 1st group (p=0,004), and thyroid gland nodes were diagnosed only in patients from 1st group (p=0,0007).

CONCLUSION: RI can be considered an effective and safe treatment for GD. The effectiveness of RI depends on the volume of the thyroid gland; according to the results of the constructed ROC curve, the risk of repeated RI is higher with a volume of more than 55 cm3. Also radioactive iodine is undesirable if there is signs of ophatalmopathy due to its possible deterioration. According to the results of the study hypoparathyroidism after surgical treatment was diagnosed in 20%, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was diagnosed after surgical treatment in 5% of patients. In patients with identified nodular goiter according to the results of ultrasound, surgical treatment is preferable due to the impossibility of excluding thyroid cancer.
In memory of Elvira Petrovna Kasatkina (March 27, 1930 – April 18, 2022)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: April 2022

On April 18, 2022, Professor Elvira Petrovna Kasatkina, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Honorary Head of the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology of the RMANPO, Doctor of Medical Sciences, died at the age of 93.
The Little Red Hen and a Corona Giant: Creative Storytelling Strategy in an Early Childhood Classroom
Authors: Zhulamanova Ilfa , Raisor Jill
Published: April 2022

Storytelling is a natural mean of communication between generations and is deeply rooted in culture.  In today’s classrooms, the act of storytelling is often overshadowed by a narrow focus on academics.  However, children can use storytelling as a way to demonstrate depth of their understanding. This study details the use of a creative storytelling strategy implemented in an early childhood classroom which was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic.  The end result is a two-phase study which concluded with pre-kindergarten aged children using storytelling to discuss and display their perceptions of Coronavirus in an academic setting.
Book Review: Transformative approaches to social justice education: Equity and access in the college classroom
Authors: Medved Michelle
Published: April 2022

While social justice has become an increasing priority in many public institutions in the country, the Difference, Power, and Discrimination program at Oregon State University has been enlightening undergraduates for 30 years. Born out of student advocacy and the faculty that supports them, the program is an established collection of diversity education courses and faculty training seminars. The program has survived budget cuts, critics, and other challenges throughout its 30 years. Transformative Approaches to Social Justice Education describes the methods of the program pragmatically and unflinchingly so readers of the book can apply them to their classrooms.
Transformative Education: From Theory to Practice - Daring to Re-Imagine and Re-Innovate
Authors: Ndemanu Michael , Coronel-Molina Serafín
Published: April 2022

According to the Transformative Learning Theory developed by Jack Mezirow (1991), connecting theory with practice is vital because transformative learning occurs during the connection process. A theory can be defined as a set of assumptions or hypotheses about a reality. In other words, it is a mental map representing the world (Granick, 2005; Knapper, 2000). Meanwhile practice can be defined as something that one does. Theory can inform practice because it provides a rationale for a decision or action to be taken. It is often modified based on the outcome of practice. Theory, therefore, should inform practice and vice versa. It is within this theory to practi
The Role of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Spin Transport through FM-QD Molecular-FM in the Presence of Spin Accumulation in the Leads
Authors: Khassaf Nada K. , J.M. AL-Mukh
Published: April 2022

The spin transport process through quantum dot molecular, embedded between two ferromagnetic leads in parallel configuration with the presence of spin accumulation, is studied by getting use of the non-equilibrium Keldysh – Green’s function technique. The electron-phonon coupling can be implicitly considered in the model, using the canonical transformation where a single phonon mode is considered in the strong electron – phonon coupling regime. Since the heat may interchange between the quantum dot molecular and the phonon bath coupled to it. And as the principle aim of our study is to determine the parameters that afford high spin (charge) heat generation, that must be avoid in the experimental applications, all the spin transport properties are investigated throughout the calculation of the spin and charge accumulation on the quantum dot molecular, the spin polarized currents, the spin and charge currents, the spin polarized heat generations, the spin heat generation and the charge heat generation. The calculations are accomplished as a function of the model calculation parameters that can be tuned experimentally. The spin blockade and the negative differential phenomena are investigated since the spin transport properties are studied extendedly in the case of a parallel configuration in the leads. It is concluded that the operative and functional values of the bias voltage can be determined by single phonon energy and the electron-phonon coupling values. Since all our calculations are accomplished for electron-phonon coupling equals 0.05eV. Finally, we must report the following: in the case of parallel configuration with high spin polarization, the spin heat generation equals the charge heat generation and both are relatively high where the intradot interaction has no role. While, as the spin polarization is lowered then the charge heat generation be greater than the spin heat generation when the correlation energy is relatively low.
The Development of the Pronephros in Sailfin Fish Poecelia Latipinna
Authors: Reda Ruqaa Badr , Haba Mukhtar Khamis
Published: April 2022

This study included the development of the pronephros kidney in one invasive species in Iraq, the sailfin fish Poecelia latipinna which spread in the aquatic surfaces particularly the marshes which situated in the south portion of Iraq. This study depends on the length of the embryos. The bilateral progenitor pronephric cells appear in the mesodermal plate in embryo 1.5 mm in long. In embryo 2mm in long, the histological sections showed the occurrence of the progenitor cells with the precursors of the blood cells near the notochord and dorsal aorta. The undifferentiated pronephric tubules formed in the embryo 4mm in long and the pronephric kidney started to surround with connective tissue cells. In embryo 5mm in long, the histological sections appeared that the pronephric tissue completely surrounded by connective tissue to form capsule, the tubules differentiated to proximal and distal tubules and the glomeruli appeared as well, also the pronephric ducts were completed in this stage to fuse with the cloaca.
An Overview on the Investigation of Power Quality Problems and Harmonic Exclusion in the Power System Using Frequency Estimation Techniques
Authors: Gadgil Krutuja S. , Khampariya Prabodh , Bakre Shashikant M.
Published: April 2022

The present research paper is based on a survey on the Investigation of Power Quality Problems and Harmonic Exclusion in the Power System using the Frequency Estimation Technique. The majority of FD approaches are openloop, and they are based on Fourier series analysis in most cases. When applied to frequency domain approaches, Fourier series analysis is a powerful mathematical tool that allows users to acquire a wide range of frequency components by multiplying the input by a set of trigonometric functions (sine/cosine) at various frequencies. Typically, the discrete implementation of the Fourier series, also known as the Discrete Fourier Transform, is used to compute results. DFT can be done quickly and simply using computer technology, and it can be used to estimate the grid signal parameters with improved selectivity and greater steady-state accuracy than other methods. The A/D conversion process of the input signals is required for the real-time implementation of the DFT, which necessitates the repeated sampling and updating of the input signals. However, in order to compute the N samples, this approach necessitates the use of N2 complex multiplication and N2–N complex addition. As a result, it was not extensively used prior to the introduction of the microprocessor.
A Survey on the Development of Real-Time Overcurrent Relay Coordination Using an Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kamble Vijaykumar S. , Khampariya Prabodh , Kalage Amol A.
Published: April 2022

The current work is a survey on the development of real-time overcurrent relay coordination utilizing an optimization approach. Overcurrent relays are a safeguard commonly used in transmission and distribution networks owing to their low cost. Depending on the operating conditions and the location of the faults, load or fault currents in a mesh system may loop in or out of the protective zone of the overcurrent relay. As a result, directional overcurrent relays are employed to determine whether the fault is inside or outside the protective zone. The goal of overcurrent relay coordination is to find settings that minimize operating time for failures within the protective zone. In addition to this it provides scheduled backup for relays in neighbouring zones that has been pre-specified. As an outcome, the highest possible fault current observed by the relay must be greater than maximum fault currents in its protective zone detected in zones close by.
Energy Levels and B(E2) Calculation for 50Fe Isotope Using F754 and F7mbz Interactions
Authors: Hasan Ali K. , Salih Amir A.
Published: April 2022

In this work was calculated energy levels and reduced electric quadrupole transition probability B(E2) for 50Fe isotope using OXBASH code within the 1f7/2 shell and using the F754 and F7mbz effective interaction. 50Fe isotope contain 6 proton and 4 neutron out side 40Ca core in shell. In general, an acceptable agreement was obtained for a number of energy levels, and the total angular momentum and ground state parity were matched for all these isotopes, also new energy levels were obtained that have no practical values so far.
Modes Characteristics in Slab Waveguide with Noble Metal Interfaces
Authors: Hasan Dheyaa F. , Yasser Hassan A.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a three-layer chip waveguide with ordinary materials was analyzed with the introducing of metal interfaces among the layers, where three types of metals were used: Au, Ag and Cu. The problem has been analyzed theoretically by deriving the characteristic equations as well as solving them numerically in the COMSOL environment. The results showed that the two methods are identical in the absence of metal, but the presence of metal will cause differences between the two methods that decrease for modes with lower orders, and the use of a small thickness of metal will increase the difference between the two methods. Field distributions vary with normalized frequency, metallic interface thickness, and little change with metal type.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anxiety among Midwifery Students in Central Java Province during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wijayanti Feri Anita , Agussafutri Wahyu Dwi , Umarianti Tresia , Andhikatias Yunia Renny , Widyastutik Desy , Meilawati Nanda
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The government has issued ‘the adaptation to new habits’ policy as there was a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and analyze the associated factors of anxiety among midwifery students.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among midwifery students who are living and studying in Central Java Province from October 1 to October 25, 2020 using convenience sampling. The number of participants who met the criteria in the study was 1135. The online self-reported questionnaire was developed, which comprised sociodemographic characteristics, health-related information, and anxiety using The Zung’s Self-rating Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis with p-value <0.05 as the cut-off point for significance.Results: The prevalence of anxiety comprised of mild (9.7%), moderate (1.4%), and severe (1%), respectively. Exposure to a suspected case (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 4.6, p = 0.02) and age (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.5, 0.9, p = 0.04) were significantly associated with anxiety. Students who were having contact with suspected COVID-19 was a 2.8 times greater risk of having anxiety. Students aged < 20 years was a 1.53 times greater risk of anxiety than those aged ≥ 20 years.Conclusions: This study reveals that exposure to a suspected case and less than 20 years old were the risk factors of a higher anxiety levels among the midwifery students. Prevention and impact reduction intervention should be conducted.
Total phenolic, isothiocyanate and radicle elongation determination of mung bean sprout during germination affected by different variables of pulsed electric field treatment
Authors: Minh Nguyen Phuoc
Published: April 2022

Mung bean germination started with moisture uptake, biochemical modification, interconversion and biosynthesis of metabolites. Mung bean sprout was commonly used a fresh salad vegetable with available amino acids, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins and phytonutrients. Pulsed electric field (PEF) was a prominent technology as a green approach for improvement of seed germination. This research evaluated some technical parameters of PEF such as pulse electric field strength (300-1500 kV/cm), pulse number (50-250) and pulse width (1.0-3.0 µs) at a stable frequency 1 Hz in ambient temperature on the total phenolic, isothiocyanate and radicle elongation of mung bean sprout. Results showed that pulse electric field strength and pulse number significantly increased isothiocyanate and total phenolic content while retardation of root length extension. Meanwhile pulse width showed a negative impact on total phenolic, isothiocyanate while extending root length extension. PEF should be conducted at pulse electric field strength (1200 kV/cm), pulse number (150), pulse width (1.5 µs) to retain the highest isothiocyanate (33.96±0.35 nmol/sprout) and total phenolic (221.30±1.46 mg GAE/100 g) while keeping a fair radicle elongation (8.39±0.17 mm). PEF treatment would be a promising non-lethal technology feasible for mung bean seed sprouting improvement.
Analysis of positive solutions to one-dimensional generalized double phase problems
Authors: Son Byungjae , Sim Inbo
Published: April 2022

We study positive solutions to the one-dimensional generalized double phase problems of the form:

−

(

a

(

t

)

φ

p

(

u
′

)

+
b

(

t

)

φ

q

(

u
′

)

)

′
=
λ
h

(

t

)

f

(

u

)

,

t
∈

(

0
,
1

)

,

u

(

0

)

=
0
=
u

(

1

)

,

\left\{\begin{array}{l}-(a\left(t){\varphi }_{p}\left(u^{\prime} )+b\left(t){\varphi }_{q}\left(u^{\prime} ))^{\prime} =\lambda h\left(t)f\left(u),\hspace{1em}t\in \left(0,1),\\ u\left(0)=0=u\left(1),\end{array}\right.

where

1
<
p
<
q
<
∞

1\lt p\lt q\lt \infty

,

φ

m

(

s

)

≔
∣
s

∣

m
−
2

s

{\varphi }_{m}\left(s):= | s{| }^{m-2}s

,

a
,
b
∈
C

(

[

0
,
1

]

,

[

0
,
∞

)

)

a,b\in C\left(\left[0,1],{[}0,\infty ))

,

h
∈

L

1

(

(

0
,
1

)

,

(

0
,
∞

)

)

∩
C

(

(

0
,
1

)

,

(

0
,
∞

)

)

,

h\in {L}^{1}\left(\left(0,1),\left(0,\infty ))\cap C\left(\left(0,1),\left(0,\infty )),

and

f
∈
C

(

[

0
,
∞

)

,
R

)

f\in C\left({[}0,\infty ),{\mathbb{R}})

is nondecreasing. More precisely, we show various existence results including the existence of at least two or three positive solutions according to the behaviors of

f

(

s

)

f\left(s)

near zero and infinity. Both positone (i.e.,

f

(

0

)

≥
0

f\left(0)\ge 0

) and semipositone (i.e.,

f

(

0

)

<
0

f\left(0)\lt 0

) problems are considered, and the results are obtained through the Krasnoselskii-type fixed point theorem. We also apply these results to show the existence of positive radial solutions for high-dimensional generalized double phase problems on the exterior of a ball.
Social Efficiency of Market Entry Under Tax Policy
Authors: Basak Debasmita , Mukherjee Arijit
Published: April 2022

We provide a new rationale for socially insufficient market entry. We show that if the shadow cost of public funds is sufficiently high, the number of firms under free entry can be socially insufficient if the tax policies are “time inconsistent”, so that the governments cannot commit to the tax policies before market entry of firms. Hence, strategic tax policies may provide a reason why policymakers should engage in pro-competitive policies. Lump-sum subsidies to firms may be a way to achieve that goal.
Relationship between blood clots and COVID-19 vaccines: A literature review
Authors: Atyabi Seyed Mohammad Hassan , Rommasi Foad , Ramezani Mohammad Hossein , Ghane Ezabadi Mohammad Fazel , Arani Mehdi AghaAmooi , Sadeghi Mohammad Hossein , Ahmed Mohammad Mehdi , Rajabi Amir , Dehghan Nima , Sohrabi Ali , Seifi Mojtaba , Nasiri Mohammad Javad
Published: April 2022

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is one of the most critical pandemics during human civilization. Several therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 management have been offered; nonetheless, none of them seems to be sufficiently beneficial. In effect, vaccines have been proffered as a viable option. The critical issue now is to concentrate on protecting individuals against illness through immunization. One of the causes for concern among the researchers, physicians, and generally the whole community from the onset of vaccination has been the adverse effects (specifically blood clots) that may be observed after the injection of the COVID-19 vaccine. In some countries, such concerns have even resulted in the temporary or permanent discontinuation or abandonment of the application of some vaccines (especially AstraZeneca and Janssen). By evaluating rigorous studies published on this subject, the present article is aimed at identifying the association between blood clot incidence and COVID-19 vaccination. Various methods for producing the COVID-19 vaccines are analyzed, along with their possible pros and cons as well as common and rare side effects, especially VITT and blood clots. Finally, the differences of various vaccines on thrombotic events, WHO recommendations for VITT treatment, and blood clots statics are discussed.
The impact of viscoelastic nanofluids on the oil droplet remobilization in porous media: An experimental approach
Authors: Mobaraki Sina , Tabatabaee Hamid , Torkmani Reza Shiri , Khalilinezhad Seyed Shahram , Ghorashi Saeed
Published: April 2022

Polymer nanohybrids have displayed great potential in remobilizing oil droplets through porous media. This research aims at providing some insights into how the hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymer and Al2O3 nanoparticles’ (NPs) hybrid can push crude oil toward the producers. An understanding of what the hybrid viscosity is when flowing through porous rocks was acquired by the rheological tests. Using the Du Noüy ring method, the interfacial tension (IFT) between the polymer nanohybrid and crude oil was studied. Contact angle experiments were employed to assess the ability of hybrid in reversing surface wettability. The results show that the hybrid can yield a 12% higher shear viscosity than the HPAM solution and the viscosity improvement dramatically depends on NPs’ concentration and temperature. With more than a 23% drop in the contact angle value, the results of contact angle experiments reveal the capability of the Al2O3 NPs in altering surface wettability. The measured IFT between hybrid and crude oil at different temperatures demonstrates that the adsorption of NPs on the oil–aqueous phase interface can significantly improve the capillary number. This article not only presents the underlying mechanisms of oil recovery during hybrid flooding but also provides a new reference for formulating a novel hybrid agent.
Seven level aligned multilevel inverter with new SPWM technique for PV, wind, battery-based hybrid standalone system
Authors: Motaparthi Nagaraju , Malligunta Kiran Kumar
Published: April 2022

Power generation using renewable energy sources is becoming popular in current scenario due to their capability of reduction in carbon emission as well as reliable power supply to consumers. However, power generation from a single renewable energy source cannot able to provide stable power. Hence, integration of renewable energy sources-based power generations needs to be established for providing continuous power supply to consumers. Solar energy and wind power are two major available sources on earth, hence, photovoltaic (PV) and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind power generation system is considered in this paper. On the other hand, many loads are AC loads that required conversion from DC to AC such as inverters. Generally, multilevel inverters can able to provide quality supply to loads than normal inverters. However, the number of switches used in the multilevel inverter is more and also increasing size and complexity by increasing the level of the inverter. Therefore, an aligned multilevel inverter is implemented for a PV-Wind-based stand-alone system that has a smaller number of switches. Both solar irradiance and wind speed are depending on weather conditions and are unstable, hence a battery bank is incorporated with the help of a bidirectional DC to DC converter to provide an uninterrupted power supply to loads. A novel controller for 7 levels aligned inverter is implemented in this paper to supply quality power to loads under various scenarios. The proposed Aligned Multilevel Inverter needs half of the switches when compared to existing multilevel inverters as diode-clamped, flying-capacitor, and cascaded H-Bridge topologies. The hardware-in-loop is developed with OPAL-RT to present results under various case studies.
Research on an English translation method based on an improved transformer model
Authors: Li Hongxia , Tuo Xin
Published: April 2022

With the expansion of people’s needs, the translation performance of traditional models is increasingly unable to meet current demands. This article mainly studied the Transformer model. First, the structure and principle of the Transformer model were briefly introduced. Then, the model was improved by a generative adversarial network (GAN) to improve the translation effect of the model. Finally, experiments were carried out on the linguistic data consortium (LDC) dataset. It was found that the average Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) value of the improved Transformer model improved by 0.49, and the average perplexity value reduced by 10.06 compared with the Transformer model, but the computation speed was not greatly affected. The translation results of the two example sentences showed that the translation of the improved Transformer model was closer to the results of human translation. The experimental results verify that the improved Transformer model can improve the translation quality and be further promoted and applied in practice to further improve the English translation and meet application needs in real life.
Short-term prediction of parking availability in an open parking lot
Authors: Paidi Vijay
Published: April 2022

The parking of cars is a globally recognized problem, especially at locations where there is a high demand for empty parking spaces. Drivers tend to cruise additional distances while searching for empty parking spaces during peak hours leading to problems, such as pollution, congestion, and driver frustration. Providing short-term predictions of parking availability would facilitate the driver in making informed decisions and planning their arrival to be able to choose parking locations with higher availability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide short-term predictions of available parking spaces with a low volume of data. The open parking lot provides parking spaces free of charge and one such parking lot, located beside a shopping center, was selected for this study. Parking availability data for 21 days were collected where 19 days were used for training, while multiple periods of the remaining 2 days were used to test and evaluate the prediction methods. The test dataset consists of data from a weekday and a weekend. Based on the reviewed literature, three prediction methods suitable for short-term prediction were selected, namely, long short-term memory (LSTM), seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (SARIMAX), and the Ensemble-based method. The LSTM method is a deep learning-based method, while SARIMAX is a regression-based method, and the Ensemble method is based on decision trees and random forest to provide predictions. The performance of the three prediction methods with a low volume of data and the use of visitor trends data as an exogenous variable was evaluated. Based on the test prediction results, the LSTM and Ensemble-based methods provided better short-term predictions at multiple times on a weekday, while the Ensemble-based method provided better predictions over the weekend. However, the use of visitor trend data did not facilitate improving the predictions of SARIMAX and the Ensemble-based method, while it improved the LSTM prediction for the weekend.
Experimental and numerical study of the bulb's location effect on the behavior of under-reamed pile in expansive soil
Authors: Ziyara Hayder M. , Albusoda Bushra S.
Published: April 2022

In this experimental and numerical analysis, three varieties of under-reamed piles comprising one bulb were used. The location of the bulb changes from pile to pile, as it is found at the bottom, center, and top of the pile, respectively. PLAXES 3D was used to conduct the research. In expansive soil, the under-reamed piles were 350 mm long, with the pile tip in dense sandy soil. The experiment was carried out in both saturated and unsaturated circumstances. The influence of the bulb location on the pile's bearing capacity for vertical and lateral loads, as well as the amount of swelling pressure and upward movement owing to swelling, was investigated. The results showed that in the unsaturated state, the bulb at the top of the pile gives bearing that is higher than the bulb at the bottom of the pile and near to the bulb in the center. In the case of unsaturated soil, the closer the bulb is to the top, the larger the bearing capacity, whereas in the event of swelling, the bearing capacity is highest when the bulb is in the middle of the pile. The same is true of the pile's upward movement, which is greater when the bulb is at the top than when it is at the bottom.
The effect of tranexamic acid on the reduction of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and thromboembolic risk in patients with hip fracture
Authors: Stojadinovic Ivan B. , Ristic Branko M. , Knezevic Dragan R. , Milenkovic Zoran S. , Prodanovic Nikola S. , Zornic Nenad R. , Milosevic Jelena B.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to determine whether the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with hip fracture reduces intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, and on the other hand, whether it increases thromboembolic risk. The study was performed on patients with hip fracture for a period of one year. Patients were divided into two groups (1:1): the first group receiving TXA and the second group receiving placebo. The amount of blood aspiration during the surgery was measured as well as drainage in the postoperative period of 24 h. The occurrence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was monitored before and after the surgery by ultrasound of the lower extremities. The amount of total blood loss was two times lower in patients who received TXA (291.8 ± 65.5 mL of blood vs 634.7 ± 150.5 mL of blood). Among the patients who developed DVT, one patient was from the group that did not receive TXA, and two patients were from the group that received TXA. The use of TXA in patients with hip fracture significantly reduces intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, without a significant thromboembolic risk.
Efficient enrichment of U(VI) by two-dimensional layered transition metal carbide composite
Authors: Zhou Yun , Hao Huai-Xin , Dong Tian-Hao , Ni Xu-Feng , Hu Yi-Chen , Ma Jia-Ju , Yang Jun-Qiang , Shi Ke-Liang , Duan Guo-Jian , Liu Tong-Huan
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of nuclear energy, how to safely and efficiently dispose of radioactive waste solution has become an urgent environmental problem of public concern. It is of great significance to construct a new type of high-efficiency adsorbent material to recover uranium from nuclear waste solution. In this work, the Ti3C2Tx material (an emerging two-dimensional inorganic layered material) with a stable layered structure was used as the matrix, and the amidoxime functionalized MXene composite material (PAO/Ti3C2Tx) was synthesized by in-situ polymerization. The amidoxime-functionalized Ti3C2Tx showed excellent capacity to capture U(VI), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 98.04 mg/g at 25 °C, which was significantly better than that of Ti3C2Tx, and the adsorption selectivity for U(VI) was greatly improved. The adsorption was conformed to Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, the adsorbed UO22+ could be effectively desorbed by 0.1 M HNO3, and the adsorption performance of PAO/Ti3C2Tx did not decrease significantly after 5 adsorption/desorption cycles. The results of ionic strength experiment, FT-IR, SEM, and XPS jointly indicated that adsorption mechanism of U(VI) on PAO/Ti3C2Tx was the combined effect of the amidoxime group and -O and -OH active groups on the surface of Ti3C2Tx, mainly inner complexation. These advantages make PAO/Ti3C2Tx composite a highly potential U(VI) adsorbent with great application prospects.
Simultaneous MEKC-DAD and smart spectrophotometric assays of thiocolchicoside and etoricoxib in challenging concentration ratio mixtures
Authors: Kamal Miranda F. , Elonsy Sohila M. , Labib Hala F. , Younis Sameh E.
Published: April 2022

Potent muscle relaxant (thiocolchicoside, TCC) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (etoricoxib, ETXB) fixed-dose combination is formulated at relatively high 1:15 and 1:7.5 ratios for TCC and ETXB, respectively. Since the minor component (TCC) has lower absorptivity, assay of TCC/ETXB tablets presents an analytical challenge. The current study presents two novel methods: first is a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC). Background electrolyte is borate buffer (40 mM, pH 9.2) containing 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and methanol (ratio 80:20%, v/v), measured at 210 nm. Second is a direct double A
max spectrophotometric method; minor component, TCC, is measured directly at its distant λ
max (373 nm), at zero absorption of ETXB. Then, a ten-fold dilution step is carried out to eliminate TCC spectral interference and ETXB is determined at its λ
max (282 nm). Both drugs’ concentrations disclose obedient linearities at 2–100 μg·mL−1 in MEKC, versus 3–25 and 40–350 μg·mL−1 for TCC and ETXB, respectively, in spectrophotometry. All ICH validation elements have been fulfilled for the developed methods. MEKC and spectrophotometric assays achieve accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness to be recommended for industrial quality control routine analysis of TCC/ETXB pills formulated at cited ratios or even higher.
Molecular recognition of the interaction between ApoE and the TREM2 protein
Authors: Mai Zhenhua , Wei Wenyan , Yu Haibin , Chen Yongze , Wang Yongxiang , Ding Yuanlin
Published: April 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene is the strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is another important risk factor affecting the AD process after ApoE. Emerging evidence has identified TREM2 as a putative receptor for ApoE, raising the possibility that interactions between ApoE and TREM2 modulate the pathogenesis of AD. In this study, we performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) analyses to characterize the ApoE–TREM2 interaction and further investigated the effect of the major TREM2 disease-associated mutation (R47H) on the affinity of TREM2 for ApoE. The results indicate that the binding energy between ApoE and TREM2 occurs in an isoform-dependent manner with the following potency rank order: ApoE4 > ApoE3 > ApoE2. In addition, the R47H mutant reduced the interaction between ApoE and TREM2 protein, which may be attributed to decreased hydrogen-bonding interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic forces between ApoE and TREM2. Our study analyzed the molecular pattern of the interactions between ApoE and TREM2 and how the variants affect these interactions based on in silico modeling, and the results might help to elucidate the interaction mechanism between ApoE and TREM2. Additional experimental studies will be needed to verify and explore the current findings.
Europäische Geldpolitik – Auf dem Weg zur Modernen Monetaristischen Theorie
Authors: Treptow Thomas M.
Published: April 2022

We show that actual Eurosystem’s monetary policy of purchasing government bonds of the countries of the Eurozone corresponds to the concept of Modern Monetary Theory. Here the state creates and skims off the required money supply for its expenditures himself. The economic policy challenges emerging from the expanded monetary basis in the Eurozone as consequence of the government bond purchases are substantial. We stress that European monetary policy should therefore immediately address the task of reducing the monetary basis and at the same time limiting possible adjustment costs for the European economies. This should take place within an institutionalized monetary management framework.
Der Digital Markets Act kann nur der Anfang sein
Authors: Schnitzer Monika
Published: April 2022

The negotiations for the Digital Markets Act have just been concluded. Together with international competition economists, I have spent the last few months writing a series of policy papers on the need to regulate the platform economy and commenting on the DMA draft. My conclusion: the DMA is an important step in the right direction. It has been sharpened in the final trilogue negotiation, in which the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers negotiated the amendments proposed by the European Parliament. The implementation that now lies ahead is a major challenge that will be almost impossible to meet without a significant increase in the Commission’s resources. On some points, particularly in the area of merger control and the use of structural measures, the rules in the DMA as adopted do not yet go far enough. In this respect, the Digital Markets Act can and should only be the beginning on the way to comprehensive and effective protection of competition on platform markets.
Cross-Border E-Commerce: Opportunities versus Challenges
Authors: Zhou Longjun
Published: April 2022

The fast expansion of cross-border e-commerce places new expectations not just on practitioners and platforms, but also on customers themselves. Personal information should be protected with care in order to prevent leakage or fraudulent use of the information. It is possible to lower transaction costs by complying with the World Trade Organization’s trade regulations for each member country. It is full of tremendous opportunities, but it also presents big challenges.
miRNAs in Autoimmune Diseases: Contributors or Controllers?
Authors: Sundjaya Alex Chan
Published: April 2022

Even though microRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to autoimmune diseases, the diagnostic and therapeutic value of miRNAs remains restricted. There is currently no way to determine the function and importance of each miRNA, which makes it impossible to develop targeted medicines and diagnostics for particular diseases. There has been no discovery of a specific miRNA-targeting diagnostic or therapeutic intervention to date.
The Function of MicroRNAs in Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Demo Patricia Mendes
Published: April 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of non-coding single-stranded RNAs with a length of around 18-25 nucleotides that play a critical role in the control of gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as biological growth and development and illness. Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders characterized by tissue and organ damage and resulting dysfunction as a result of autoimmune responses. Numerous studies have discovered that aberrant expression of certain miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for early detection of these diseases or as therapeutic targets. The biological properties of miRNAs and their significance in autoimmune illnesses are discussed in this review.
Metabolites from the Gut Microbiota and the Role in the Gut-Brain Axis
Authors: Fukushima Kenji
Published: April 2022

The gut microbiota is highly capable of biotransformation, exposing the host to a wide variety of physiologically active compounds. These metabolites participate in signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system and may regulate physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system. This bidirectional communication can take place in a variety of ways, including binding to receptors in the host brain, stimulating the vagus nerve in the gut, modifying central neurotransmission, and influencing neuroinflam- mation. The purpose of this article is to discuss the mechanism of action of microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and neurotransmitters in the gut-brain axis and to propose new strategies for treating related neurological illnesses from a gut microbiota regulation perspective.
Tsunami de las islas Kermadec del 4 de marzo del 2021: registros, modelado numérico y atención del evento para Costa Rica
Authors: Porras-Espinoza Hernán , Chacón-Barrantes Silvia , Murillo-Gutierrez Anthony , Rivera-Cerdas Fabio
Published: April 2022

El 4 de marzo de 2021 ocurrió un sismo de Mw=8.1 en la trinchera de Tonga-Kermadec, que generó una advertencia de tsunami por parte del Centro de Alerta de Tsunamis del Pacífico (PTWC). Se presenta un evento por parte de SINAMOT, que actúa como Centro Nacional de Alerta de Tsunamis (NTWC) en Costa Rica. El tiempo de viaje fue cerca de 15 horas y permitió utilizar el modelado numérico de inundación por tsunami como una herramienta más en la toma de decisiones. Las alturas modeladas concuerdan bien con los registros en los mareógrafos del país. El tsunami tuvo una altura máxima de 17.6 cm en el mareógrafo de la Marina Pez Vela en Quepos y de 6.1 cm en el de bahía Chattam en la isla del Coco y es el primer registro en este mareógrafo desde su instalación en marzo de 2018. Además, en bahía Wafer (isla del Coco) se filmó al tsunami subiendo por el río y se reportaron corrientes fuertes, las cuales no fueron reproducidas por el modelo numérico. El contraste de estos efectos y una altura tan pequeña registrada en el mareógrafo, junto con los efectos de tsunamis anteriores, como el de Japón 2011, confirman la presencia de un efecto local para la bahía Wafer. Para el resto del país las alturas de tsunami pronosticadas por el PTWC resultaron ser una sobreestimación, lo que concuerda con el resultado del análisis de amenaza realizado por SINAMOT en primera instancia.
Razonamiento inferencial de docentes de matemáticas de enseñanza media sobre el estadístico t-Student
Authors: Lugo-Armenta Jesús Guadalupe , Pino-Fan Luis Roberto
Published: April 2022

Uno de los temas que han sido intensamente estudiados en la educación estadística, refiere a cómo promover el razonamiento inferencial formal (RIF) sobre la base de un razonamiento inferencial informal (RII). Sin embargo, aún es necesario contar con propuestas que permitan explorar y desarrollar progresivamente (del RII al RIF) el razonamiento inferencial de estudiantes y docentes. En este sentido, el objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar el razonamiento inferencial que evidencia el profesorado de matemáticas de enseñanza media en sus prácticas para resolver problemas sobre el estadístico t-Student. Para ello, utilizamos nociones teóricas y metodológicas introducidas por el enfoque ontosemiótico del conocimiento y la instrucción matemáticos (EOS), entre las cuales se encuentran la noción de práctica matemática, objeto matemático y una propuesta teórica de niveles progresivos de razonamiento inferencial sobre el estadístico t-Student. Los sujetos que participan en este estudio de corte cualitativo son 59 docentes en formación de Costa Rica y 22 en ejercicio de Chile. Las prácticas que desarrollaron los profesores de los grupos en formación y de los grupos en ejercicio resultaron tener elementos similares (representaciones, conceptos/definiciones, propiedades, procedimientos, argumentos). Como conclusión principal, se obtuvo que la propuesta de niveles de razonamiento inferencial para la t-Student resultó ser un predictor útil de las prácticas que desarrolló el profesorado, lo cual permite distinguir elementos característicos de cada uno de los niveles de razonamiento inferencial.
An Efficient Convolutional Neural Network to Detect and Count Blood Cells
Authors: Joshi Rakesh Chandra , Yadav Saumya , Dutta Malay Kishore , Travieso-González Carlos M.
Published: April 2022

Blood cell analysis is an important part of the health and immunity assessment. There are three major components of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The count and density of these blood cells are used to find multiple disorders like blood infections (anemia, leukemia, among others). Traditional methods are time-consuming, and the test cost is high. Thus, it arises the need for automated methods that can detect different kinds of blood cells and count the number of cells. A convolutional neural network-based framework is proposed for detecting and counting the cells. The neural network is trained for the multiple iterations, and a model having lower validation loss is saved. The experiments are done to analyze the performance of the detection system and results with high accuracy in the counting of the cells. The mean average precision is achieved when compared to ground truth provided to respective labels. The value of the average precision is found to be ranging from 70% to 99.1%, with a mean average precision value of 85.35%. The proposed framework had much less time complexity: it took only 0.111 seconds to process an image frame with dimensions of 640×480 pixels. The system can also be implemented in low-cost, single-board computers for rapid prototyping. The efficiency of the proposed framework to identify and count different blood cells can be utilized to assist medical professionals in finding disorders and making decisions based on the obtained report.