bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis in the shell gland of laying hens affecting eggshell qualities
Authors: Yang Xinyue , Zhao Fuping , Han Qiqi , Dong Yuanyang , Lei Jiaqi , Yang Chen , Guo Yuming , Ito Koichi , Zhang Bingkun
Published: June 2020

Background

Eggshell plays an important role in protecting against physical damage and microorganic invasion. It is subject to quality loss with increasing hen age, and fragile eggshells result in huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Therefore, improving eggshell quality is particularly important. However, little is known about the potential molecular mechanisms regulating eggshell quality in chickens.
Methods

In this study, we aimed to compare differential expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs between old and young laying hens to identify related candidate genes for chicken shell gland development by the method of high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).
Results

In total, we detected 176 and 383 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively. Moreover, functional annotation analysis based on the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases revealed that DE-lncRNAs and DE-mRNAs were significantly enriched in “phosphate-containing compound metabolic process”, “mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex”, “inorganic anion transport”, and other terms related to eggshell calcification and cuticularization. Through integrated analysis, we found that some important genes such as FGF14, COL25A1, GPX8, and GRXCR1 and their corresponding lncRNAs were expressed differentially between two groups, and the results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) among these genes were also in excellent agreement with the sequencing data. In addition, our research indicates that FGF14, COL25A1, GPX8, and the members of the SLC family may be key genes that affect eggshell quality in hens.
Conclusions

This study provides a catalog of lncRNAs and mRNAs of the laying hen eggshell gland and will contribute to a fuller understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the function of the shell gland in poultry. Our findings will provide a valuable reference for the development of breeding programs aimed at breeding excellent poultry with high eggshell quality or regulating dietary nutrient levels to improve eggshell quality.
The optical coherence tomography angiography manifestation of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation
Authors: Ren Hongxing , Cheng Jing , Qin Aijiao , Shi Minghua
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTo explore the application value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with strabismus amblyopia accompanied by eccentric fixation.MethodsThe following data were collected from patients with strabismus amblyopia accompanied by eccentric fixation: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA); spherical equivalent (SE) and deviation angle; eccentric fixation distance using OCTA system software tools, with µm as the unit of measurement of the distance between the retinal fixed point and the macular fovea; macular fovea vessel length density (VLD); perfusion density (PD); foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area; and perimeter and circularity of the superficial retinal vascular plexus. The entry criteria were as follows: OCTA scanning quality and signal strength of 8 or above (range 0 to 10).ResultsData from a total of 34 patients were collected: 17 patients with strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation were included in the experimental group, and 17 patients without strabismus with central fixation were included in the control group. The average deviation angle of the experimental group was 26.71 ± 25.88 prism dioptres (PD), the amblyopic eye BCVA was 0.24 ± 0.22, the SE was 4.35 ± 2.98 D, the stereoscopic median was 800", the eccentric fixation distance was 632.18 ± 310.62 µm, the macular fovea retinal thickness was 207.82 ± 17.79 µm, the VLD of the superficial retinal vascular plexus was 7.31 ± 3.84 mm− 1, the PD was 0.16 ± 0.08, the FAZ area was 0.28 ± 0.17 mm2, the FAZ perimeter was 2.05 ± 0.56 mm, and the FAZ circularity was 0.67 ± 0.06. These results showed statistically significant differences in the SE and BCVA compared with the lateral eye and the control group, but there were no statistically significant differences in the macular fovea retinal thickness, VLD, PD, or FAZ. The eccentric fixation of amblyopic eyes was directly related to the deviation angle, and the regression formula was as follows: the eccentric fixation distance of amblyopic eyes = 8.319 × the deviation angle + 410.002 (F = 13.878, P = 0.002 < 0.01).ConclusionThe eccentric fixation distance of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation is related to the deviation angle; the greater the deviation angle is, the greater the distance of eccentric fixation.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900022830. Registered 27 April 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/
Use Of Psychoactive Substances And Sociodemographics Characteristics In A Hospitalized Population With Mental Disorders In A Mid-Income Country
Authors: CARMONA-HUERTA JAIME , Obeso Santiago Castiello-de , Aguirre-Ramírez Andrea , Pérez-Muñoz Sara , Cardona-Müller David , Grover-Páez Fernando , Iñiguez-Carvajal Bertha , Aldana-López Jesus Alejandro , Itzaman-Jiménez Israel , Medina-Dávalos Rafael
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

The use of psychoactive substances in patients diagnosed with mental illness is an increasing public health problem; the purpose of this work was to carry out a study to identify the most prevalent psychoactive drug abuse patterns in hospitalized patients in a psychiatric hospital, to estimate the severity of substance abuse, as well as to determine the factors associated with drug consumption using multivariate statistical modeling.
Methods

An analytical, retrospective study was carried out through the review of patient records discharged during 2018. Sociodemographic data, diagnoses, clinical follow-up information, clinimetric score of the alcohol consumption, Tobacco and Substances Detection Test (ASSIST 2.0) were obtained as well as the toxicological profile results.
Results

A representative sample of 268 participants was obtained, 61.6% men and 38.4% women, 86.6% unemployed, 67.9% single, with an average age of 36 years and 8 years of schooling. The most frequent diagnoses were Schizophrenia (42%), Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder (22%), and Bipolar Disorder (17.9%). The most frequent substances detected in urine toxicology test were: Cannabis 21.8% (n = 45) and methamphetamines 10.7% (n = 22). The substances with the most frequent consumption in the last 3 months were tobacco, ethanol, cannabis, and methamphetamines. The highest score in the severity of consumption were methamphetamines and cannabis. The most important predictors for ethanol consumption were tobacco and cannabis abuse, for cannabis abuse were schooling years and ethanol consumption, and for methamphetamine consumption, the most important predictors were cocaine and cannabis abuse.
Conclusions

Young, male, unemployed subjects, with lower educational level, a psychiatric condition, and psychoactive consumption represent an identifiable "sociodemographic phenotype" that has an increased risk of requiring hospital services on a more recurrent basis and that could represent a burden to the health system. Methamphetamines abuse continues to increase and is becoming a significant mental health and public health issue. Cannabis and methamphetamine use are more severe and have more serious repercussions in terms of psychiatric morbidity. Correct public policies must be designed to intervene in this population.
A Study of Relationship Between Maternal Vitamin D Status and Mode of Delivery in a Tertiary Care Military Hospital
Authors: Dhillon Gurpreet Kaur , Singh Suneeta , Dhillon Harpreet Singh , Sasidharan Shibu
Published: June 2020

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be related to multiple adverse pregnancy related outcomes. An observational study was undertaken to study the relationship between maternal serum vitamin D levels during peripartum period and outcome in the form of mode of delivery.Methods: This study was done in a tertiary care centre on 569 patients to study the relationship between maternal serum vitamin D levels and mode of delivery categorized into vaginal delivery (VD), (including assisted delivery) and Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS). The primary objective of this project was to assess the vitamin D levels in maternal serum and to study its relationship, if any, with mode of delivery. Results: A total of 569 samples of maternal and neonatal serum were analyzed for serum 25(OH)D levels. 464 (81.54%) mothers had Vitamin D sufficient (VDS) levels ≥30ng/ml and 105 (18.45%) had vitamin D deficient (VDD) levels <30ng/ml. Out of total 569 newborns; LSCS and spontaneous Vaginal Delivery were 152 (26.71%) and 417 (73.28%) respectively. The incidence of LSCS was 19.61% in the vitamin D sufficient group as compared to 58.09% in the vitamin D deficient group (p<0.0005). The mean cord blood 25(OH) D levels of the neonates born by vaginal delivery was 14.05ng/ml (SD 3.86, range 8.2-27) whereas those born by LSCS was 12.11 ng/ml (SD 3.18, range 7.9-22), which was significantly lower (p<0.00000042).Conclusion: The rates of Cesarean section deliveries was 2.96 times higher in mothers who had deficient Vitamin D levels. Also the levels of mean cord blood vitamin D was higher in vaginally delivered newborns.
The Impact of Involvement of Father's with Preterm Newborns on their Paternal-Infant Bonding and Self-Efficacy: non-randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mirlashari Jila , Holsti Liisa , Ranjbar Hadi , Sanjari Mahnaz , Morovati Fatemeh , Ameri Zahra Daneshvar
Published: June 2020

Background: Premature birth and postpartum hospitalization can hurt the father-newborn bonding and fathers’ self-efficacy in the care of the newborn. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the involvement of fathers with premature newborns on paternal-infant bonding and self-efficacy based on developmental care principles.Methods: This was a non-randomized clinical trial. Eighty fathers of hospitalized newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit were selected by convenience sampling method and divided into two groups ( 1 ). The intervention comprised training developmental care to fathers through simulations and then at the bedside of the newborn and the active involvement of fathers in the care of premature newborns admitted to the NICU. Pre-and post-intervention outcomes (after four weeks) were collected using Mother to Infant Bonding Scale and Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy tool. Differences between groups were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA.Results: The mean bonding score reduced by 2.3 ± 2.17 in the control group and 5.27 ± 2. 57 in the intervention group. A lower score represents a better bonding (f (1.78) = 9.19, p = 0.003). The self-efficacy score increased in both groups however, it was significantly higher in intervention group. In the intervention group increased by 8.85 ± 5.046, and in the control group, it increased by 1.27± 3.31, (f (1.78) = 21.88, p <0.001).Conclusions: Developmental care by fathers training and involvement in care can improve the father -infant bonding and increase the paternal self-efficacy for the care of the high risk newborn.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20171010036690N1, 2018-01-31.
Urinary Soluble VCAM-1 is a Useful Biomarker of Disease Activity and Treatment Response in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Gasparin Andrese Aline , Andrade Nicole Pamplona Bueno de , Hax Vanessa , Palominos Penélope Esther , Siebert Marina , Marx Rômulo , Schaefer Pedro Guilherme , Veronese Francisco Veríssimo , Monticielo Odirlei André
Published: June 2020

Background: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is involved in the progression of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in lupus nephritis (LN) and can be easily assessed in urine. The aim of this study was to assess urinary soluble VCAM-1 (uVCAM-1) as a biomarker of disease activity and treatment response in LN.Methods: This prospective study enrolled patients with class III, IV or V LN diagnosed within the last three years and divided them in two groups: with and without active nephritis at the inclusion. At each visit, a urine sample was collected for uVCAM-1 evaluation and the nephritis status was assessed.Results: Median uVCAM-1 level was elevated in patients with active compared to inactive LN (P<0.001). The ROC curve of uVCAM-1 demonstrated an AUC of 0.84 and a cutoff of 47.2 ng/mgCr yielded a good sensitivity (74.2%) and specificity (74.2%) for the diagnosis of active LN. A significant correlation was found between uVCAM-1 level and renal activity scores and traditional biomarkers of LN. The level of uVCAM-1 dropped in patients with active LN who went into remission (P<0.001), increased in patients who went into activity (P=0.002) and did not change in patients who remained inactive (P=0.797). The level of uVCAM-1 peaked during the flare of LN (P<0.05).Conclusion: The uVCAM-1 is a reliable biomarker that reflects renal disease activity and is useful for monitoring individual patients with lupus nephritis over time.
Repeatability of OPD-Scan III and its agreement with Pentacam in measuring keratometry, astigmatism and axis in patients with cataract and moderate to high astigmatism
Authors: Song YU , Li Panpan , Tu Yuanyuan , Wu Ying , Huang Lili , Yuan You
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To assess accuracy of OPD-Scan III in measuring keratometry, astigmatism and axis in patients with cataract and moderate to high astigmatism
Materials and Methods

Measurements were taken with OPD-Scan III and Pentacam in cataract patients with keratometric astigmatism (KA) more than 0.75 D. Keratometry in the steepest axis (Ks) and flattest axis (Kf), KA and axis, which are power vector components of astigmatism (J0 and J45), were evaluated. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess repeatability. The Wilcoxon test was used to assess differences, the Spearman correlation was used to assess correlations, and the Bland-Altman method was used to assess agreement.
Results

Seventy eyes of 63 patients were included to analyze the repeatability of the two devices. The ICCs of Ks, Kf, KA, axis, J0 and J45 were 0.991, 0.995, 0.946, 0.883, 0.946 and 0.892, respectively, with OPD-Scan III. Seven hundred and thirty-two eyes of 516 patients were included to analyze the difference, correlation and agreement of the two devices. There were significant differences between the two devices in terms of Ks, Kf, axis, J0 and J45 (all p < 0.01). There were significant correlations between the two devices in each parameter (all p < 0.01). The 95% limits of agreement (LOAs) for Ks, Kf, KA, astigmatic axis, J0 and J45 were (-0.34, 0.44) D, (-0.24, 0.38) D, (-0.46, 0.48) D, (-10.20, 12.92)°, (-0.24, 0.24) D, and (-0.27, 0.35) D respectively.The 95% LOAs for the degree of IOL caculated according to parameter measured by OPD-Scan III and Pentacam was (-0.32, 0.22) D.
Conclusions

OPD-Scan III has a high accuracy for measuring keratometry, but its accuracy for measuring astigmatism and axis is poor in eyes with moderate to high astigmatism.
Foreign Direct Investment, Demand-driven and Structural Factors at Play in Africa
Authors: SODOKIN KOFFI , Tozo Kokou Wotodjo
Published: June 2020

To African developing countries seeking to attract and keep foreign investors, this paper suggests that FDI is predominantly demand-driven. To evidence this hypothesis, we reviewed four critical theories and used for application, a sample of twenty-one (21) middle income countries (MICs) in Africa. The data covers the period 1990-2017. Net FDI inflow (% of GDP) has been used as the dependent variable. By employing the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method, we found that it’s only through FDI active policy conducts that a country can become preferred target for foreign firms. In practice, our findings imply that liberalization through facilitating trade measures, political reforms, skill upgrading for industrial requirements, infrastructure development, and government discipline need further improvement to create an appropriate, accessible and a secure environment for all investors.
Coronavirus Pandemic vs. Temperature in the context of Indian Subcontinent – A preliminary statistical analysis
Authors: Meraj Gowhar , Farooq Majid , Singh Suraj Kumar , Romshoo Shakil A. , Sudhanshu  , Nathawat M. S. , Kanga Shruti
Published: June 2020

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has unleashed havoc across different countries and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Since certain evidences indicate a direct relationship of various viruses with the weather (temperature in particular), the same is being speculated about COVID-19; however, it is still under investigation as the pandemic is advancing the world over. In this study, we tried to analyze the spread of COVID-19 in the Indian sub-continent with respect to the local temperature regimes from 9 March, 2020, to 27 May, 2020. To establish the relation between COVID-19 and temperature in India, three different eco-geographical regions having significant temperature differences were taken into consideration for the analysis. We observed that except Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Kashmir showed a significantly positive correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases and the temperature during the period of study. The evidences based on the results presented in this research lead us to believe that the increasing temperature is beneficial to the COVID-19 spread, and the cases are going to rise further with the increasing temperature over India. We, therefore, conclude that the existing data, though limited, suggests that the spread of COVID-19 in India is not explained by the variation of temperature alone and is most likely driven by a host of other factors related to epidemiology, socio-economics and other climatic factors. Based on the results, it is suggested that temperature should not be considered as a yardstick for planning intervention strategies for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Combined Quality Evaluation Method That Integrated Chemical Constituents, Appearance Traits and Origins of Raw Rehmanniae Radix Pieces
Authors: Gu Min , Yuan Yiping , Qin Zinan , Shi Nannan , Wang Yanping , Zhai Huaqiang , Qian Zhongzhi
Published: June 2020

Background The quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a challenge for internationalization of TCM. Modern quality evaluation methods ignore origins and appearance traits, and traditional quality evaluation methods lack quantitative analysis. Therefore, an integrated quality evaluation method is urgent in need. Raw Rehmanniae Radix (RRR) was a widely used TCM. Its quality has caught much attention, and the existing quality evaluation methods have certain limitations. The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive and practical method for the quality evaluation and control of RRR pieces based on its chemical components, appearance traits and origins.Methods 33 batches of RRR pieces were collected from 6 provinces, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine 5 constituents including catalpol, rehmannioside A, rehmannioside D, leonuride and verbascoside in RRR pieces. The appearance traits were qualitatively observed. Furthermore, correlation analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and t-test were performed to discriminate and evaluate different quality of RRR pieces. Results 33 batches of RRR pieces could be divided into three categories, the samples of Henan province were in a group, the samples from Shandong province and Shanxi province were classified in a group, and the samples from other provinces were divided in a group. Furthermore, the constituents and appearance traits of RRR pieces were significantly different in diverse origins. Conclusions The combined method of chemical components, appearance traits and origins could classify and distinguish different quality of RRR pieces, which could provide a basic reference to quality control of TCM.
Long Noncoding RNA PVT1 promoted Gallbladder Cancer proliferation Byepigenetically Suppressing mIR-18b-5p via DNA Methylation
Authors: Jin Longyang , Cai Qiang , Wang Shouhua , Wang Shuqing , Wang Jiandong , Quan Zhiwei
Published: June 2020

Background

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) accounts for 85–90% malignancies of the biliary tree worldwide. Considerable evidence has demonstrated that dysregulation of lncRNAs are involved in the progression of cancer. LncRNA PVT1 has been reported to play important roles in various cancers, but the role of PVT1 in gallbladder cancer remains unknown.
Methods

QRT-PCR was used to assess the expression of genes in different tissues or cells. Knockdown or overexpression of PVT1 combined with in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to determine the effect of PVT1 on the GBC cells proliferation. We also conducted microarray analysis to screen out the miRNA that was regulated by PVT1. BSP was used to detect the methylation status of miR-18b-5p DNA promoter. RIP, ChIP, Co-IP and luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate the association between genes or proteins.
Results

We found that PVT1 was upregulated in GBC tissues and cells, and its upregulation was related with poor prognosis in GBC patients. PVT1 promoted GBC cells proliferation and increased tumorigenicity in nude mice. Molecular experiments demonstrated that PVT1 recruited DNMT1 via EZH2 to the miR-18b-5p DNA promoter and suppressed the transcription of miR-18b-5p through DNA methylation. Moreover, HIF1A was proved to be the downstream target gene of miR-18b-5p and PVT1 regulated GBC cell proliferation via HIF1A.
Conclusions

Our studies clarified the PVT1/ miR-18b-5p/ HIF1A regulation axis and indicated that PVT1 could be a potential therapeutic target for GBC.
Screening and identification of key biomarkers in breast cancer with brain metastasis: Evidence from bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Shao Tao Ming , Hu Zhi Yang , Li Wen Wei , Pan Long Yun
Published: June 2020

Purpose. Breast cancer (BC) has a poor prognosis when brain metastases (BM) occur, and the treatment effect is limited. In this study, we aim to identify representative candidate biomarkers for clinical prognosis of patients with BM and explore the mechanisms underlying the progression of BC.Methods. Herein, we examined the Microarray datasets (GSE125989) obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to find the target genes in BC patients with BM. We employed the GEO2R tool to filter the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that participate in primary BC and BC with BM. Subsequently, using the DAVID tool, we conducted an enrichment analysis with the screened DEGs based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation. The STRING database was employed to analyze the protein-protein interactions of the DEGs and visualized using Cytoscape software. Lastly, the Kaplan-Meier plotter database was employed to determine the prognostic potential of hub genes in BC.Results. We screened out 311 upregulated DEGs and 104 downregulated DEGs. The enrichment analyses revealed that all the DEGs were` enriched in the biological process of extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, proteolysis, collagen catabolic process and immune response. The significant enrichment pathways were focal adhesion, protein absorption and digestion, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, and Pathways in cancer. The top ten hub nodes screened out included FN1, VEGFA, COL1A1, MMP2, COL3A1, COL1A2, POSTN, DCN, BGN and LOX. The Kaplan-Meier plotter results showed that the three hub genes (FN1, VEGFA and DCN) are candidate biomarkers for clinical prognosis of patients with BM.Conclusion. we identified seven genes related to poor prognosis in BCBM. FN1, VEGFA and DCN can be considered as potential prognostic markers for BCBM. Meantime, COL1A1, POSTN, BGN and LOX may be linked to the distant transformation of BC.
Clinical and epidemiological study in patients with glaucoma in tertiary eye center, Bhaktapur
Authors: Shrestha Nirsara , Shrestha Sangeeta , Khadka Deepak , Shrestha Arjun , Suwal Barsha , Sharma Samata , Shrestha Rajan
Published: June 2020

Background Glaucoma is increasing as a significant global health problem being the major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Early detection and timely management of glaucoma can decrease the burden of blindness worldwide.Methods This was a retrospective hospital -based study conducted at Glaucoma unit in CHEERS Hospital, Bhaktapur from August 2015 to July 2019. Patients demographic profile, along with a comprehensive examination, reviewed from the records. Collected data included: age, sex, race/ethnicity, intraocular pressure, cup/disc ratio, different types of glaucoma, visual field. Data analysis dome with IBM SPSS version 24 and was presented in mean (±SD), frequency and proportions and chi- square test was applied. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Total of 312 glaucoma cases were reviewed and included in this study. The mean age presentation was 61.89±14.4 years, and maximum number (52.6%) was between ages 60-79 years. The majority of patients were primary open angle glaucoma (173, 55.4%) followed by primary angle closure (92, 29.5%). The association between all types of glaucoma and increasing age was statistically significant (P<0.001). Similarly, the association between all types of glaucoma with positive family history and caste/ ethnicity was statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion This study showed primary open angle glaucoma as the most common glaucoma. There was a positive association seen between all types of glaucoma with increasing age (beyond age of 40 years) and family history of glaucoma. Screening programs in population with risk factors and opportunistic eye examinations should be conducted for early detection of glaucoma.Trial registration: retrospective registered
Liver Damage After Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transcatheter Therapy in Treating Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumors
Authors: Duan Xu-Hua , Wang Wen-Hui , Han Xinwei , Ren Jian-Zhuang , Li Hao , Chen Peng-Fei , Gong Shao-Jun , Kuang Dong-Lin
Published: June 2020

Background: To evaluate the effect of transcatheter therapies combining with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment on hepatocellular necrosis, apoptosis and proliferation by using the rabbit VX2 tumor model. Methods: Ninety six models were randomly divided into 4 groups: transcatheter arterial chemoembolization group (TACE), radiofrequency ablation group (RFA), TACE+RFA group and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) + RFA group. The above groups were further divided into two subgroups, A (15 rabbits) and B (9 rabbits). The subgroup B (control group) was followed up until animal death. Results: The high expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was observed in the adjacent liver tissue in TACE and TACE+RFA. The highest increase of transaminase levels and serum HSP70 were detected in TACE+RFA group. TAE+RFA group had a low apoptotic rate and more hepatocyte proliferation as compared to TACE and TACE+RFA groups; and it had the longest end-point survival among these groups. Conclusions: The TAE+RFA treatment had a better outcome than RFA, including a better liver tumor control, a less liver injury, and a longer survival than TACE+RFA. Compared to TACE and TACE+RFA procedures, TAE+RFA significantly decreased the liver injury, hepatocellular necrosis, apoptosis and systemic proinflammatory cytokine release caused by anticancer drugs application.
Method for forecasting the flood risk in a tropical country
Authors: Marquez Adriana , Farias Bettys , Guevara Edilberto
Published: June 2020

In this study, a novel method for forecasting the flood risk in a tropical country is proposed, called CIHAM-UC-FFR. The method is based on the rainfall–runoff process. The CIHAM-UC-FFR method consists of three stages: (1) calibration and validation for the effective precipitation model, called CIHAM-UC-EP model, (2) calibration of forecasting models for components of the CIHAM-UC-EP model, (3) proposed model for forecasting of gridded flood risk called CIHAM-UC-FR. The CIHAM-UC-EP model has a mathematical structure derived from a conceptual model obtained by applying the principle of mass conservation combined with the adapted principle of Fick's law. The CIHAM-UC-FR model is a stochastic equation based on the exceedance probability of the forecast effective precipitation. Various scenarios are shown for a future time where the flood risk is progressively decreased as the expected life parameter of the hydraulic structure is increased.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Coronary Vasoreactivity - A Review of the History, Physiology, Diagnostic Techniques, and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Gunawardena Tharusha , Merinopoulos Ioannis , Wickramarachchi Upul , Vassiliou Vassilios , Eccleshall Simon
Published: June 2020

The fervency for advancement and evolution in percutaneous coronary intervention has
revolutionised the treatment of coronary artery disease. Historically, the focus of the interventional
cardiologist was directed at the restoration of luminal patency of the major epicardial coronary arteries,
yet whilst this approach is evolving with much greater utilisation of physiological assessment,
it often neglects consideration of the role of the coronary microcirculation, which has been
shown to clearly influence prognosis. In this review, we explore the narrative of the coronary circulation
as more than just a simple conduit for blood but an organ with functional significance. We
review organisation and physiology of the coronary circulation, as well as the current methods and
techniques used to examine it. We discuss the studies exploring coronary artery endothelial function,
appreciating that coronary artery disease occurs on a spectrum of disorder and that percutaneous
coronary intervention has a latent effect on the coronary circulation with long-term consequences.
It is concluded that greater recognition of the coronary artery endothelium and mechanisms
of the coronary circulation should further guide revascularisation strategies.
A Review of AEG-1 Oncogene Regulating MicroRNA Expression in Colon Cancer Progression
Authors: Malayaperumal Sarubala , Sriramulu Sushmitha , Jothimani Ganesan , Banerjee Antara , Pathak Surajit
Published: June 2020

MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that perform a crucial function in posttranscriptional
gene regulation. Dysregulation of these microRNAs is associated with many types of
cancer progression. In tumorigenesis, downregulated microRNAs might function as a tumour suppressor
by repressing oncogenes, whereas overexpressed miRs might function as oncogenes by suppressing
tumour suppressor. Similarly, Metadherin (also known as AEG-1/ LYRIC), is an oncogene, the levels
of which are found to be very high in various cancers and play a crucial role in the proliferation of cells
and invasion. Our review focuses on the study, which shows the alteration of microRNA expression
profile and suppression of carcinogenesis when MTDH/AEG-1 is targeted. It summarises the studies
where downregulation and upregulation of AEG-1 and microRNAs, respectively, alter the biological
functions of the cell, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Studies have reported that AEG-1 can be
direct or indirect target of microRNA, which could provide a new-insight to know the underlying molecular
mechanism and might contribute to the progress of new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
Blockchain Technology into Gamification on Education
Authors: Aini Qurotul , Rahardja Untung , Khoirunisa Alfiah
Published: June 2020

As we know, Indonesia has begun to enter the era of revolution 4.0 which in that era there were many changes in all fields including the presence of blockchain technology which began to be in demand. Including in the field of education, the changes that occur in the world of education today are so significant with the commencement of the abandonment of teaching methods that still use conventional methods. Keep track of tasks by book, face to face communication, which of course will cause many losses in a certain period of time, as many tasks that have long been buried become difficult to find when needed, and the possibility of manipulation of tasks is still great. The learning method is considered as a boring and insecure way, where students cannot explore learning because the collected files can still be manipulated by other parties. So from now on the application of learning methods is changed by the concept of gamification which relies on blockchain technology. The gamification learning method was created to compensate for the times when students preferred to play games rather than learning, therefore the gamification method could be applied to management education in higher education.
Minimally invasive surgery for low-grade spondylolisthesis: percutaneous endoscopic or oblique lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Jin Mengran , Xu Guokang , Shen Tong , Zhang Jun , Shao Haiyu , Liu Jianwen , Zhao Tingxiao , Huang Yazeng
Published: June 2020

Aim:
To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic-assisted lumbar interbody fusion (PELIF) versus oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) for the treatment of symptomatic low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis.
Material & methods:
The clinical and radiographic records of 48 patients underwent single-level minimally invasive lumbar fusion with a PELIF (n = 16) or OLIF (n = 32) were reviewed.
Results:
The clinical and radiographic outcomes were similar in both groups. PELIF procedure exhibited superior capability of the enlargement of foraminal width, but inferior capability of the restoration of foraminal height than OLIF procedure.
Conclusion:
PELIF minimizes the iatrogenic damages and perioperative risks to a great extent, and seems to be a promising option for the treatment of symptomatic low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis.
КОГДА ПРОЦЕССЫ НАСТРОЕНЫ НА КАЧЕСТВО И НАДЕЖНОСТЬ. ВИЗИТ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ООО «МАКРО ЕМС»
Authors: Ковалевский Ю.
Published: June 2020

Группа компаний «Макро Групп» начинала свою деятельность как дистрибьютор электронных компонентов, однако с 2007 года она активно развивает также и направление контрактного производства. С 2010 года этим направлением руководит Дмитрий Анатольевич Семёнов, генеральный директор входящего в состав группы компаний ООО «Макро ЕМС», который начинал свою профессиональную деятельность на заводе крупного финского контрактного производителя электроники Elcoteq, выполнявшего в те годы заказы для Nokia и Sony Ericsson.

В настоящее время на предприятии реализован практически полный цикл сборки электроники вплоть до конечных изделий. При этом в планах ООО «Макро ЕМС» – дальнейшее расширение, для чего уже сейчас готовятся новые производственные площади. Показывая нам производство компании, Дмитрий Анатольевич рассказал о возможностях оборудования и особенностях конфигурации линий, о планах на будущее, а также о том, на какие рынки ориентированы технологические и бизнес-­процессы предприятия и как внедряются на производстве информационные системы.
Development of Training System for Earthquake Impact Assessment
Authors: Telegina M. V. , Yannikov I. M. , Pershin A. V.
Published: June 2020

В настоящее время отсутствуют автоматизированные обучающие системы, которые можно было бы использовать в учебных заведениях для знакомства студентов с основами прогнозирования последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций, в частности землетрясений, и проверки полученных ими навыков в результате изучения соответствующей методики. С целью автоматизации и ускорения процесса прогнозирования последствий землетрясения разработана платформа для обучения студентов методике оценки последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций, в частности последствий землетрясений, и проверки полученных ими знаний. Предлагаемая система позволяет в ускоренные сроки оценить последствия произошедших или предполагаемых землетрясений в конкретной местности для большинства видов наземных и подземных зданий и сооружений, а также на основе полученных данных рассчитать силы и ресурсы, необходимые для их ликвидации. Приведена структура системы, подробно описаны функции каждого модуля трех подсистем: обучающей, прогнозирования и администрирования. Показана схема процесса оценки последствий землетрясений и графическая вкладка «Автоматизированная оценка» реализованной системы. Приведены параметры реализации и возможные перспективы развития системы. Отмечается, что разработанная система может дополняться и улучшаться для увеличения функциональных возможностей.Указанная обучающая система, кроме использования в учебном процессе по подготовке студентов, обучающихся по направлению «Техносферная безопасность», может использоваться и в системе курсового обучения должностных лиц ГОЧС, на курсах повышения квалификации и на объектах экономики.
Strategies and Approaches for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Soni Dhruvkumar M.
Published: June 2020

The present review discusses about RNA interference (RNAi) and its significance in gene therapy. The review mainly focuses on small interference RNA (siRNA) as a mediator of RNAi, its therapeutic benefits and various formulation strategies employed to overcome siRNA delivery hurdles. RNAi is a regulatory process which occurs endogenously within the cell wherein short double-stranded RNA (siRNA) effects sequence-specific posttranscriptional gene silencing. Even though siRNA assists researchers with its powerful therapeutic benefits, there are significant hurdles in developing efficient delivery systems for its systemic administration. These are extracellular and intracellular barriers for siRNA delivery. The present review addresses about pros and cons of gene therapy and superior advantages provided by siRNA over plasmid DNA in gene therapy. It also discloses about the discovery, mechanism of action, significance and applications of siRNA based gene therapies, challenges in its delivery and strategies for overcoming delivery hurdles. Furthermore, emphasis is provided on viral and non – viral vector based siRNA delivery and the significance of lipid based siRNA delivery, the lipoplexes over polymer based siRNA delivery - the polyplexes, followed by recent advances in siRNA based technologies directed against variety of diseases.

Keywords: Endosomal escape, gene therapy, lipoplexes, polyplexes, siRNA, vectors.
A Systematic Overview on Some of the Traditionally Used Plants of Assam
Authors: Kakati Manoj Kumar , Sharma Ramakanta , Bharadwaj Bhriganka , Sarma Nalini Kanta , Das Biwajit , Dutta Ridip
Published: June 2020

Assam is a state of the North Eastern part of India. There are different types of plants well distributed in various parts of the state. These plants have various medicinal properties and are used traditionally to cure diseases because of its fewer side effects. A large number of surveys have been documented about different kinds of traditionally used plants of Assam. The purpose of this Study is to do a Systematic overview on various aspects like its taxonomical characters, geographical habitat, Cultivation along with its physicochemical constituents, Pharmacological and medicinal properties so that it can be useful to treat the various diseases efficiently. Various traditional plants such as Carica papaya, Cocos nucifera, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum sanctum, Musa paradisiaca, Averrhoa carambola, Aegle marmelos, Azadirachta indica, Citrus limonum, Psidium guajav, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Catharanthus roseus, Trichosanthes dioica, Cynodon dactylon, Brassica rapa were reviewd.

Keywords: Assam, plants, Physicochemical constituents, Pharmacological and Medicinal uses.
Formulation of Ramipril Tablets Containing Solid Dispersion Employing Selective Polymers to Enhance Dissolution Rate
Authors: Kumar Inder , Verma Sandeep , Chaudhary Amit
Published: June 2020

Objective: The present work based on formulation of Ramipril tablets containing solid dispersion employing selective polymers. The objective of the preparation is to prepare the solid dispersion of the Ramipril, which has more responsive value in terms of the dissolution rate.

Method: Solid dispersion complex was prepared with two different carriers PEG 6000 and PVP K30. Nine formulations were developed and each formulation were subjected to pre compression and post compression parameters.

Result and Discussion:  Pre-compression and post compression parameters were studied which had shown good flow property and compiled the standard data. In-vitro dissolution studies shows more than 90 % drug release in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 in 30 min. Out of all formulation F4 showed 92.55±0.67 % drug release with in 30min which was the best result rest of the formulation.

Conclusion: Ramipril tablets were successfully prepared and evaluated. F4 formulation shows the greater dissolution rate in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 as compared to other formulations. When compared with marketed formulation it also shows better results. Therefore, Ramipril solid dispersion tablets enhanced the dissolution rate and can be more efficacious for improving oral bioavailability of Ramipril.

Keywords: Solid dispersion, Ramipril, Solvent Evaporation Technique.
A Study on Self-Medication Practice among Nursing Pharmacy and B. Arch Students in a Private Institution
Authors: Arshiya A , SHAJI AKHIL K , Sunny Tobin , Cherian Ritty Sara , Vishwanath B A
Published: June 2020

Background: The consumption of drugs without consulting healthcare professional regardless of side effects and duration of therapy is known as self-medication. Objectives: This study was conducted to analyse the practice of SM among the students and to survey pharmacists regarding the practice of drug counselling while dispensing. Methods:  6 months Study was carried out by collecting the data with the help of questionnaire and thereby collecting their answers. The data was analysed statistically in terms of actual numbers and percentage. Results:  According to our study the prevalence of SM is higher among   juniors than seniors. Previous experience , economy, quick relief were  most prevailing  reasons for  SM. Mostly to Fever and headache , acidity , cough , cold and arthritis .Most frequently used medications were analgesics, antipyretics, and antacids , and all they get information is from media , parents  and friends most probably. Our study also revealed that in nearby pharmacies  most of them were certified pharmacists(96%),mostly dispensed drugs were without prescription and people  do not ask for counselling of the medicine due to lack of time and interest. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the prevalence of SM was seen in higher levels among the students and is the primary reason for irrational use of medicines. Hence proper information has to be given to the students about the negative effects of the drugs and to take proper advice and assistance by a health care professional before taking medication.

Keywords: Self-medication, irrational use, prevalence, pharmacist, drugs.
Histological study of the effects of aluminum chloride exposure on the brain of wistar rats female
Authors: Bekhedda Hadjer , Menadi Norredine , Demmouche Abbassia , Ghani Abdelaziz , Mai Hicham
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Aluminum (Al) has the potential to be neurotoxic in human and animals, is present everywhere in the environment, many manufactured foods and medicines and is also added to drinking water for purification purposes and tooth paste cosmetic products They accumulate in living organisms and disrupt balances, and accumulate in the body biological systems, causing toxic effects (They may affect the nervous system, kidney, liver, respiratory or other functions). Nervous system is a vulnerable target for toxicants due to critical voltages which must be maintained in the cells and the all responses when voltages reach threshold levels.

Objective This study aimed to expose the impact of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on brain architecture.

Methods: In our study, twenty healthy female rats were intraperitoneal administered of aluminum chloride (ALCL3) at 10 mg / kg body weight with consecutively for 15 day

Result. The results showed a highly significant reduction in body weight (p<0.0001).  This is because aluminum has an anorectic effect contrariwise, there is no significant impact of aluminium exposure has been observed with respect to brain weight and relative brain weight respectively (p<0.912), (p<0.45).

The histological study describes the alterations in the brain marked tissue necrosis and cytoplasmic vacuolations and karyopyknosis of neuronal cells of the brain.

Conclusion; Aluminum is a toxic heavy metal and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. It can alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain, severely affecting the functioning of the nervous system.

Keywords: Toxicity, brain, Aluminium chloride, Rats female, necrosis.
Comparison of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and standard surgical approach in treatment malignant thymus tumor stage I and II - propensity score analysis
Authors: Kostovski Vanja , Pandrc Milena , Ristanovic Aleksandar , Stojkovic Dejan , Maric Nebojsa , Cvijanovic Vlado , Djenic Ljubinko , Nikolic Aleksandar , Milisavljevic Slobodan
Published: June 2020

Introduction/Objective. Besides sternotomy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is used for thymus tumors treatment. The objective of our study was to compare oncological and perioperative outcomes in patients with I?II stage of thymic tumors treated with VATS or standard sternotomy procedures. Method. The study included only primary I?II thymoma according to the Masaoka classification, treated between May 2006 and February 2018. Out of 116 treated patients that had pathohistologically verified stage, 100 (86.2%) were matched by propensity score for sex, age, body mass index, myasthenia, tumor size, Masaoka classification stage. Oncological (direct post-operative survival, recurrence) and perioperative outcomes (intraoperative and postoperative complications, length of hospitalization) that affect the efficacy and safety of surgical techniques have been analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results. Among 50 patients operated by VATS, 34 patients (68%) were treated by uniportal approach, 13 (26%) by biportal and three (6%) by threeportal approach. The VATS intervention had shorter intervention time (p < 0.001), duration of hospitalization (p < 0.001), and usage of thoracic drainage (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in terms of late control (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding visual analogue scale score, as well as in terms of the time of recurrence (p = 0.305, p = 0.268). Conclusion. Compared to standard sternotomy, VATS thymectomy is an equally effective and significantly safer method with a minimum rate of intra and postoperative complications.
Uraauurtava kokonaisesitys karjalan kieliopeista kautta aikojen
Authors: Sarhimaa Anneli
Published: June 2020

Arvioitu teos:

Irina Novak, Martti Penttonen, Aleksi Ruuskanen ja Lea Siilin: Karjala kieliopeissa. Fonetiikan ja morfologian vertaileva tutkimus. Petroskoi: Karjalan tiedekeskus 2019. 476 s. ISBN 978-5-9274-0838-2.