bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of cleavage by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 on gene expression and protein content of versican and aggrecan in the digital laminae of horses with starch gruel–induced laminitis
Authors: Wang Le , Pawlak Erica , Johnson Philip J. , Belknap James K. , Alfandari Dominique , Black Samuel J.
Published: June 2012

Objective—To determine whether increased gene expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) in laminae of horses with starch gruel–induced laminitis was accompanied by increased enzyme activity and substrate degradation.

Sample—Laminae from the forelimb hooves of 8 healthy horses and 17 horses with starch gruel–induced laminitis (6 at onset of fever, 6 at onset of Obel grade 1 lameness, and 5 at onset of Obel grade 3 lameness).

Procedures—Gene expression was determined by use of cDNA and real-time quantitative PCR assay. Protein expression and processing were determined via SDS-PAGE and quantitative western blotting. Protein distribution and abundance were determined via quantitative immunofluorescent staining.

Results—ADAMTS-4 gene expression was increased and that of versican decreased in laminitic laminae, compared with expression in healthy laminae. Catalytically active ADAMTS-4 also was increased in the tissue, as were ADAMTS-4–cleavage fragments of versican. Immunofluorescent analyses indicated that versican was depleted from the basal epithelia of laminae of horses at onset of Obel grade 3 lameness, compared with results for healthy laminae, and this was accompanied by regional separation of basal epithelial cells from the basement membrane. Aggrecan gene and protein expression were not significantly affected.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Changes in gene and protein expression of ADAMTS-4 and versican in the basal epithelium of laminitic laminae indicated a fundamental change in the physiology of basal epithelial cells. This was accompanied by and may have caused detachment of these cells from the basement membrane.
Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on isoflurane-induced hypotension in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Schnellbacher Rodney W. , da Cunha Anderson F. , Beaufrère Hugues , Queiroz Patricia , Nevarez Javier G. , Tully Thomas N.
Published: June 2012

Objective—To assess the effects of dopamine and dobutamine on the blood pressure of isoflurane-anesthetized Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

Animals—8 Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.

Procedures—A randomized crossover study was conducted. Each bird was anesthetized (anesthesia maintained by administration of 2.5% isoflurane in oxygen) and received 3 doses of each drug during a treatment period of 20 min/dose. Treatments were constant rate infusions (CRIs) of dobutamine (5, 10, and 15 μg/kg/min) and dopamine (5, 7, and 10 μg/kg/min). Direct systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure measurements, heart rate, esophageal temperature, and end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 were recorded throughout the treatment periods.

Results—Mean ± SD of the systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures at time 0 (initiation of a CRI) were 132.9 ± 22.1 mm Hg, 116.9 ± 20.5 mm Hg, and 101.9 ± 22.0 mm Hg, respectively. Dopamine resulted in significantly higher values than did dobutamine for the measured variables, except for end-tidal partial pressure of CO2. Post hoc multiple comparisons revealed that the changes in arterial blood pressure were significantly different 4 to 7 minutes after initiation of a CRI. Overall, dopamine at rates of 7 and 10 μg/kg/min and dobutamine at a rate of 15 μg/kg/min caused the greatest increases in arterial blood pressure.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dobutamine CRI at 5, 10, and 15 μg/kg/min and dopamine CRI at 5, 7, and 10 μg/kg/min may be useful in correcting severe hypotension in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots caused by anesthesia maintained with 2.5% isoflurane.
Comparative analysis of lipophilic compounds in eggs of organically raised ISA Brown and Araucana hens
Authors: Pintea Adela , Dulf Francisc , Bunea Andrea , Matea Cristian , Andrei Sanda
Published: June 2012

Hens’ eggs represent a rich source of important nutrients, including lipids and carotenoids. The lipid composition of hens’ eggs is influenced by genetic factors, age, and diet. The aim of this study was to compare the fatty acids, cholesterol, and carotenoids content of the egg yolk of ISA Brown and Araucana hens grown in free-range housing systems. Fatty acids and cholesterol were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS and carotenoids were quantified by RP-HPLC-PDA.

The Araucana egg yolk has a higher lipid content and higher egg-to-albumen ratio than the ISA Brown yolk, while the total cholesterol, carotenoids content and profile are not significantly different. The lipids of the Araucana egg yolk have a higher content of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and a better n-6/n-3 ratio than the ISA Brown egg yolk lipids. The major carotenoids were lutein and zeaxanthin, which account for more than 83 % in egg yolk. Eggs of both breeds, when raised organically, represent very good sources of highly bio-available lutein and zeaxanthin, pigments which are related to lower risk of age-related macular degeneration. We report for the first time on the fatty acids composition in lipid fractions and the profile and content of carotenoids of the Araucana egg yolk.
Urban Public Transport System's Reliability Estimation Using Microscopic Simulation
Authors: Yatskiv Irina , Pticina Irina , Savrasovs Mihails
Published: June 2012

Urban Public Transport System's Reliability Estimation Using Microscopic Simulation

In the article the procedure of the reliability measures estimation for one route of the public transport network on the basis of a traffic flow modelling is suggested. A definition of UPTS reliability is based on the analysis of the Travel Time Reliability, Arrival Time Reliability and Probability of arriving to the stops with delay no more than m minutes. The approach is applied to the real task of the reliability estimation for Riga city public transport route. The microscopic model of transport network fragment is used for it.
Information Support System for Technology of Applying the Multi-Component Nano-Structured Protective Coatings
Authors: Kopytov Eugene , Urbach Alexander , Kutev Valery , Labendik Vladimir , Yunusov Sergey
Published: June 2012

Information Support System for Technology of Applying the Multi-Component Nano-Structured Protective Coatings

The given article considers the process of arranging informational support in carrying out experiments on applying the nanostructured protective covering on different materials. For nano-coverings coating, there is used special plant, which is given different modes of performance. For accounting all parameters and for accumulating the data, which characterize the results of the experiments, there is suggested an information system which employs the database designed for these purposes. The authors suggest an approach to defining the main requirements and functions of an information system on the basis of functional simulation and consider the issues of its realization. This information system also allows processing the results of the experiments with the use of statistical methods. The analytical module of the information system is supposed for solving the tasks of determining the thickness of covering depending on the specified mode of plant operation (pressure, voltage, current); it is also employed for determining what operation mode is required for receiving the covering with certain designated properties and parameters. Consequently, the task of scientific prognostication of the covering properties is solved.
Rock debris in an Antarctic ice shelf
Authors: Nicholls K.W. , Corr H.F.J. , Makinson K. , Pudsey C.J.
Published: June 2012

We have discovered a band of stones and coarse sand in the Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, some 60 m above the ice shelf’s base, 40 km from its seaward edge and 420 km from the point where the ice originally went afloat. A study of ice-sounding radar data from across the Ronne Ice Shelf has revealed other areas likely to contain debris in significant quantities. It appears that basal debris at the margins of ice streams feeding the ice shelf can be buried in the ice shelf by sea water freezing-on at the ice-shelf base. These findings are evidence for a mechanism active in a present-day ice-sheet/shelf system, which enables icebergs to transport large volumes of ice-rafted debris, and which also provides a potential mechanism for the formation of ice rises near ice fronts. We anticipate that a seismics study of debris melted from the ice shelf and deposited beneath will provide a valuable control on the history of ice-shelf–ocean interactions.
Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Expression of the Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene from Juglans regia
Authors: Xu Feng , Deng Guang , Cheng Shuiyuan , Zhang Weiwei , Huang Xiaohua , Li Linling , Cheng Hua , Rong Xiaofeng , Li Jinbao
Published: June 2012

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first key enzyme of the phenypropanoid pathway. A full-length cDNA of PAL gene was isolated from Juglans regia for the first time, and designated as JrPAL. The full-length cDNA of the JrPAL gene contained a 1935bp open reading frame encoding a 645-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of about 70.4 kD and isoelectric point (pI) of 6.7. The deduced JrPAL protein showed high identities with other plant PALs. Molecular modeling of JrPAL showed that the 3D model of JrPAL was similar to that of PAL protein from Petroselinum crispum (PcPAL), implying that JrPAL may have similar functions with PcPAL. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that JrPAL shared the same evolutionary ancestor of other PALs and had a closer relationship with other angiosperm species. Transcription analysis revealed that JrPAL was expressed in all tested tissues including roots, stems, and leaves, with the highest transcription level being found in roots. Expression profiling analyses by real-time PCR revealed that JrPAL expression was induced by a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, including UV-B, wounding, cold, abscisic acid and salicylic acid.
Zinc Intake and Its Dietary Sources: Results of the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey
Authors: Rangan Anna M. , Samman Samir
Published: June 2012

The current Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRV) use different Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for zinc for adolescent boys and girls compared to the previous recommendations. The adequacy of zinc intakes of 2–16 years old children (n = 4834) was examined in the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Zinc intakes were estimated from two 24-h recalls and compared with age- and gender-specific NRV. Food sources of zinc were assessed and compared with those of the 1995 National Nutrition Survey. The mean (SD) zinc intake was 10.2 (3.0) mg/day for all children. Nearly all children met the EAR for zinc except for 14–16 years old boys (29% did not meet EAR). Children (2–3 years) were at highest risk of excessive zinc intakes with 79% exceeding the Upper Level of Intake. Meat and poultry; milk products; and cereals and cereal products contributed 68% of total zinc intake. The contribution of cereals to total zinc intake has increased significantly since 1995, due to the greater market-availability of zinc-fortified breakfast cereals. We conclude that sub-groups of Australian children are at-risk of inadequate (boys 14–16 years) or excessive (children 2–3 years) zinc intakes, and monitoring of zinc status is required.
Making a Difference with Teamwork
Authors: Hirsh V.
Published: June 2012

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Canada1[...].
USE OF STEEL SLAGS IN AUTOMOBILE ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Krayushkina Kateryna , Prentkovskis Olegas , Bieliatynskyi Andrii , Junevičius Raimundas
Published: June 2012

Building and, especially, reconstruction and repairs of highways, call for the development of stone materials manufacturing industry. Increasing need for stone materials may be satisfied by a wide use of industrial waste and secondary resources. In road building, slag of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy is one of the most popular wastes which are increasingly widespread with every year. Such slag is a valuable raw material for preparation of macadam materials and mineral binders serving as a base for asphalt concrete mixtures and manufacturing of cement emulsions, which are widely used in road paving. The research focused on the use of different types of slag in road construction in Ukraine. Possibilities of using crushed rock and sand as recrement slag of different production for preparation of asphalt concrete and cement mixtures to be used for road-base was studied, as well as the use of slag materials for construction of lower category roads. In the given work, the opportunity to recycle electric furnace steel-smelting slag for preparation of asphalt concrete mixtures was defined.
BIODIVERSITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN ROAD DEVELOPMENT IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Vaiškūnaitė Rasa , Mierauskas Pranas , Špakauskas Valdas
Published: June 2012

Roads affect wildlife in different ways. Road construction increases fragmentation of habitats, influences landscape pattern and alters the physical environment. Roads act as barriers to animal movements, increase their mortality rates and cause other negative impacts on biodiversity. The current paper overviews the assessment of road impacts in Lithuania, reviews approaches applied to evaluation of road development impacts as well as analyses application of Lithuanian legal documents in the field. In Lithuania, assessment of possible effects inflicted by envisaged road construction is determined by the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment of Planned Economic Activities and orders of the Ministry of Environment. Although the legislation covers some aspects of biodiversity, little attention is given to the assessment of the impact on biodiversity; meanwhile the impact assessment of proposed economic activities on Natura 2000 sites is clarified more extensively. Lithuanian methodological guidelines on determination of environmental impact assessment procedures and principles for the road network do not comply with international requirements concerning the biodiversity impact assessment of roads. The practiced biodiversity impact assessment used for road development projects in Lithuania complies with minimum requirements used in developed countries. To fulfil international requirements on biodiversity conservation, it is necessary to amend the Lithuanian legislation on environmental impact assessment and issue guidelines on biodiversity protection in road development projects. The article proposes models for calculation of road pollution dispersion for evaluation of air quality next to the already existing and newly projected roads.
SIMULATION OF THE POLY- AND MONODISPERSED GRANULAR MATERIAL. PART II: THE STABILITY STATE CHARACTERIZATION / DAUGIADISPERSIO IR VIENDISPERSIO DALELIŲ MIŠINIO ELGSENOS TYRIMAS. II DALIS: STABILUMO BŪSENŲ CHARAKTERIZAVIMAS
Authors: Pocius Gvidas , Balevičius Robertas
Published: June 2012

In the Part I of the paper, structure of granular aggregates obtained after compaction of poly- and mono-dispersed spherical particles was characterized in terms of the coordination number, particles contacting forces and volume fraction distributions. This part of investigation deals with characterization of the state of stability under quasistatic conditions of the formed granular aggregate structure. The proposed method is based on visualization of the plane of the particle radius size plotted normally to the particle velocity vector. At the beginning of the compacting process, when the discrete particle drops down under the gravity acceleration (almost free of contact with other particles), the planes plotted the cylinder-like pattern at each time step. At the quasistatic state, when the acceleration of the settled particles tends to negligible values, the plot of these planes represents a certain texture appearing on the particle surface. For the interpretation of these textures, Shilnikov's homoclinic bifurcation theory was discussed and applied. In particular, it was found that textures specifying the quasistatic state mainly resulted from the resonant effect depending on the degree of freedom of the analyzed particles. Santrauka Šioje straipsnio dalyje pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas viendispersinio ir daugiadispersio sferinių dalelių mišinio mikrobūsenai charakterizuoti, analizuojant atskirų mišinio dalelių stabilumą esant kvazistatiniam būviui. Tiriamos ir vizualizuojamos atskirų dalelių greičio vektorių normalinių plokštumų formuojamos tekstūros, kurios esant kvazistatiniam būviui interpretuojamos kaip tam tikri rezonansinio poveikio dariniai, gaubiantys dalelių paviršių.
Military Operations of the Czech Republic: Prospects for Outsourcing
Authors: Urbanek Ondrej
Published: June 2012

The publication of the White Paper on Defence during 2011 initiated a new round of discussions regarding the future of the Czech defense sector. Whereas the White Paper on Defence introduces a normative scenario describing the desirable development of the sector, this paper aims to outline one of the possible alternatives of future development - outsourcing of foreign military operations. It identifies basic trends determining the development in this sector, summarizes the generally accepted scenario as presented in the White Paper on Defense and puts alternative scenarios of foreign military operation outsourcing in contrast to it. The scenarios are based on the "what if" method and include summaries of its possible indicators and consequences.
Fronteras abiertas, derechos humanos y justicia global
Authors: Velasco Juan Carlos
Published: June 2012

Un mundo con “fronteras abiertas”, que no un “mundo sin fronteras”, aporta el marco institucional más propicio para el respeto de los derechos humanos y la instauración de la justicia distributiva a nivel planetario. En este artículo se argumenta a favor de esta tesis. El horizonte propuesto se compara con el actual estado de cosas, caracterizado por la obstrucción sistemática de la libre circulación de personas. Ante este panorama, y con el fin de afrontar de manera más integral la cuestión de las migraciones internacionales, se señala la necesidad de adoptar una mirada cosmopolita. Mantener a la vista una opción situada más allá de lo realmente existente, que no de lo posible, resulta imprescindible para poder someter a una mirada crítica la inquietante perspectiva que nos presenta la movilidad humana como una potencial amenaza para el orden establecido.
Emigración, ciudadanía externa y ciudadanía europea. Retos conceptuales y prácticos
Authors: Ciornei Irina
Published: June 2012

Este artículo presenta un análisis contextual de las teorías sobre la ciudadanía en el exterior, así como sus relaciones conceptuales y prácticos con la ciudadanía europea. Aunque la residencia en otro país puede ser un factor que cuestiona el derecho de participación y representación política de los no-residentes, consideramos que los emigrantes de primera generación son miembros legítimos del demos. En consecuencia, deberían tener derechos de participación y representación en su país de origen. Sin embargo, en el caso concreto de los ciudadanos europeos, los derechos políticos en el exterior constituyen un recurso no sólo en relación a los gobiernos de origen, sino también frente a las administraciones de los países de residencia.
Desposesión y producción de irregularidad: la gestión de las migraciones en la era del neoliberalismo
Authors: González Cámara Noelia
Published: June 2012

Retomando el debate sobre los procesos que participan en la categorización, diferenciación y producción de migrantes irregulares, este trabajo propone realizar un análisis de los factores que han intervenido en las últimas décadas en la producción de irregularidad en el contexto español. En el primer apartado se revisan de forma somera algunas de las aportaciones más relevantes que se han realizado en el estudio crítico de la producción de irregularidad en los últimos años, prestando atención a las dimensiones que según las distintas interpretaciones participan en este proceso. En el segundo apartado se plantea que la producción de irregularidad en la era del neoliberalismo cabe ser interpretada, de la mano de David Harvey, como un proceso de acumulación por desposesión debido a la forma que en él se conjugan las dinámicas del Estado y del capital. Por último, se atiende a la forma en la que se ha concretado el proceso de irregularización en el caso español en las últimas décadas.
Dispositivo securitario en un espacio barrial. La práctica policial de los controles de identidad
Authors: García García Sergio
Published: June 2012

El presente artículo aborda el funcionamiento del dispositivo securitario y su aplicación diferencial sobre la población tomando como caso paradigmático los controles de identidad que efectúa la policía en los espacios comunes de un barrio de Madrid. El dispositivo securitario, entendido como el conjunto de imaginarios, arquitecturas, discursos y prácticas que sitúan en un lugar protagónico la llamada “seguridad ciudadana”, está atravesado por dos lógicas: la de la gestión neoliberal y la de la cultura profesional de los agentes de seguridad. Aunque sendas lógicas partan de proyectos civilizatorios muy distintos entre sí, ambas cooperan en el espacio urbano para contribuir –junto con otros dispositivos expertos– a delinear la figura del ciudadano –así como la del “no ciudadano”– a partir de la relación diferencial que establecen con los distintos vecinos mediante procesos de enclasamiento y racialización. Es así como el hecho migratorio, problematizado a nivel mediático e institucional, constituye un objeto especial de control y vigilancia que conforma la diferencia a partir de la cual se reconstruyen las identidades legítimas en el barrio (“ciudadanos de bien”). Observaremos cómo las dos lógicas del dispositivo securitario funcionan construyendo al sujeto culpable del barrio víctima, el “extranjero”, mediante los controles de identidad que efectúa la policía en los espacios públicos.
Mise en évidence d’un Sénonien gypseux sous la série phosphatée du bassin des Ouled Abdoun: Un nouveau point de départ pour l’origine des zones dérangées dans les mines à ciel ouvert de Khouribga, Maroc
Authors: El Assel N. , Kchikach A. , Durlet C. , AlFedy N. , El Hariri K. , Charroud M. , Jaffal M. , Jourani E. , Amaghzaz M.
Published: June 2012

[fr] Dans le bassin sédimentaire des Ouled Abdoun (Maroc), la série phosphatée est formée d’une intercalation régulière de niveaux phosphatés et marno-calcaires sur environ 50m de puissance. Localement, cette régularité est perturbée par la présence fréquente de structures communément appelés «dérangements». Il s’agit de masses non stratifiées, stériles, qui perturbent et alourdissent les travaux d’exploitation des couches phosphatées. Les études géophysiques expérimentales, réalisées dans les zones dérangées de la série phosphatée, ont démontré la possibilité de les cartographier sous couvertures à l’échelle décamétrique. Leur généralisation sur toute la superficie du bassin des Ouled Abdoun, nécessite une compréhension du phénomène à l’origine de ces structures.
Notre étude concerne l’analyse sédimentologique et diagénétique des zones dérangées et de leur voisinage immédiat. Elle a permis d’identifier pour la première fois l’existence d’une série évaporitique intensément karstifiée au sommet du Sénonien, sous la série phosphatée. Les karsts sénoniens sont incontestablement à l’origine des dérangements ou fontis que l’on défini comme étant des phénomènes de collapses à l’aplomb de cavités souterraines. Ces fontis ont une structuration polyphasée et une genèse au dépend de plusieurs processus (fracturation, infiltration, dissolution, effondrement). Leur mise en place a débuté dès la fin du Sénonien et s’est poursuivie jusqu’au quaternaire.
Hacia una modelización teórico-económica del terrorismo y de sus consecuencias y paliativos
Authors: Urrutia Elejalde Juan
Published: June 2012

Cuando la evolución de las pautas de conducta de los miembros de una población lleva a la generación de grupos identitarios, ciertas consideraciones políticas pueden llevar a la producción de un odio entre ellos que desemboque en terrorismo. El entronque de la producción de odio y terrorismo en un marco de equilibrio general permite no sólo una cierta incursión en la relación entre Economía y Filosofía que clarifica, entre otras cosas, las dificultades de la cuantificación de los efectos económicos del terrorismo, sino además examinar ordenadamente algunas de las medidas paliativas que se han propuesto incluida la controvertida mediación. Asimismo se arguye la independencia entre terrorismo y nacionalismo.
Racionalidad del terror
Authors: Sauquillo Julián
Published: June 2012

El terrorismo contemporáneo no es un fenómeno ancestral, irracional y oriental. Tampoco es una reacción fanática de las religiones que reivindican una sociedad atrasada frente a las sociedades desarrolladas del primer mundo. El terrorismo actual es un fenómeno plenamente moderno: uno de los peores engendros de la sociedad moderna, dotado de una planificación racional de objetivos. Una interpretación capciosa de la religión islámica dota al terrorismo de una proyección universal entre la numerosa audiencia de descontentos con el poderío de esa potencia difusa que conocemos como el Occidente desarrollado. Al Qaeda no duda en presentar su guerra con Occidente como una «guerra sin cuartel» hasta eliminar a los cristianos infieles y someter al mundo al Islam. Mientras tanto, en similar sentido conflictual, la campaña teórica de Samuel Huntington por todo el planeta, responde con un paradigma postguerra fría capaz de inflamar el conflicto internacional en un sentido no menos beligerante con anti-Occidente que el empleado por los imanes radicales. Como ha señalado Amartya Sen, al priorizar de esta forma la identidad religiosa, la respuesta de Occidente al terrorismo internacional como «terrorismo islámico» es muy torpe pues se magnifica la importancia de las autoridades religiosas en detrimento de los cauces gubernativos en la resolución de los problemas.
El gusto por lo extremado: un análisis crítico de Baudrillard y Derrida sobre el terror y el terrorismo
Authors: Ungureanu Camil
Published: June 2012

Baudrillard interpreta el «nuevo terrorismo» como un intercambio simbólico de regalo y contra-regalo: la muerte del terrorista es un contra-regalo irrefutable que rompe el círculo coercitivo de las relaciones sociales «impuestas» por el sistema global. A su vez, la concepción de Derrida tiene dos dimensiones, explicativa y normativa: en primer lugar, Derrida considera el 11-S como un síntoma multifacético de una crisis autoinmune que tiene aspectos políticos, religiosos y tecno-capitalistas. En segundo lugar, Derrida arguye que existe un «momento» de terror, violencia y sacrificio que es constitutivo en las decisiones y en la responsabilidad éticas.
De forma crítica, argumentaré que la concepción de Baudrillard se basa en una noción extremada y partidista de un sistema que se interpreta como un inmenso mandato de un gobernante totalitario. Por su parte, Derrida convierte de forma innecesaria la observación de que las acciones humanas pueden tener consecuencias perversas en una ley de la autoinmumidad inspirada en la biología. Al considerar el terror como algo constitutivo incluso en las relaciones éticas más comunes, Derrida corre también el riesgo de convertir un fenómeno extremado en un concepto que lo abarca todo, y de perder contacto con la práctica ética corriente. Concluiré que las concepciones de Baudrillard y de Derrida sobre el terror y el terrorismo comparten un «gusto por lo extremado» que las hace en última instancia poco convincentes.
Ética del reconocimiento y víctimas del terrorismo
Authors: Etxeberria Xabier
Published: June 2012

En este estudio se persigue el objetivo de aplicar la categoría del reconocimiento, éticamente enfocada, a las víctimas del terrorismo, tomando como referencia precisa a las víctimas de ETA. Se estructura la exposición en cuatro partes. En la primera se analiza el mal reconocimiento del terrorista, implicado en su violencia y en la interpretación que hace de ella. En la segunda se indaga la cuestión de si en estas víctimas hay una especificidad —en especial, su posible condición vicaria— que incide en el reconocimiento que se les debe. En la tercera se aborda su lucha por el reconocimiento, tratando de destacar las variaciones que aportan respecto a las teorías del reconocimiento —sobre todo en la tensión asimetría/simetría—, enriqueciéndolas. En la última parte se busca precisar el horizonte al que se aspira con esta lucha: en su diseño más general, en torno a la dignidad e identidad, y en sus objetivos más precisos de verdad, memoria, justicia y reconciliación, con la pretensión de que todo ello se sintetice convenientemente en la tríada ser reconocido-reconocer-reconocerse.
El otoño alemán
Authors: Arribas Sonia
Published: June 2012

El terrorismo de la RAF significó el reto más importante al que se tuvo que enfrentar el orden político y económico alemán después de la segunda guerra mundial. El fenómeno es incomprensible si no pone en relación con su enorme presencia y repercusión mediáticas. Éste fue el punto de partida de una exposición que reunió las obras de tres generaciones de artistas que se han ocupado de reflexionar sobre la historia de la RAF.
Targeted Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing in Pediatric Cardiomyopathy: Development of Novel Diagnostics
Authors: Tariq Muhammad , Le Thanh-Tam , Putnam Patrick , Kindel Steven , Keddache Mehdi , Ware Stephanie M.
Published: June 2012

Pediatric cardiomyopathy is a genetically heterogeneous disease associated with significant morbidity. Although identification of underlying etiology is important for management, therapy, and screening of at risk family members, molecular diagnosis is difficult due to the large number of causative genes, the high rate of private mutations, and cost. In this study, we aimed to define the genetic basis of pediatric cardiomyopathy and test a novel diagnostic tool using a custom targeted microarray coupled to massively parallel sequencing. Three patients with cardiomyopathy were screened using a custom NimbleGen sequence capture array containing 110 genes and providing 99.9% coverage of the exons of interest. The sensitivity and specificity was over 99% as determined by comparison to long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- based massively parallel sequencing, Sanger sequencing of missense variants, and single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping using the Illumina Infinium Omni1 array. Overall, 99.73% of the targeted regions were captured and sequenced at over 10x coverage, allowing reliable mutation calling in all patients. Analysis identified a total of 165 non-synonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) of which 89 were unique and 14 were novel. On average, each patient had 4 cSNPs predicted to be pathogenic. In conclusion, we report a cardiomyopathy sequencing array that allows simultaneous assessment of 110 genes. Comparison of targeted sequence capture versus PCR-based enrichment methods demonstrates that the former is more sensitive and efficient. Array-based sequence capture technology followed by massively parallel sequencing is promising as a robust and comprehensive tool for genetic screening of cardiomyopathy. These results provide important information about genetic architecture and indicate that improved annotation of variants and interpretation of clinical significance, particularly in cases with multiple rare variants, are important for clinical practice.
Hypercyclic Abelian Groups of Affine Maps on ℂn
Authors: Ayadi Adlene
Published: June 2012

We give a characterization of hypercyclic abelian group 𝒢 of affine maps on ℂn. If G is finitely generated, this characterization is explicit. We prove in particular that no abelian group generated by n affine maps on Cn has a dense orbit.
Small Prime Solutions to Cubic Diophantine Equations
Authors: Zhixin Liu
Published: June 2012

Let a1,;… a9 be nonzero integers and n any integer. Suppose that a1+…+a9 ≡ n (mod 2) and (ai ; aj ) = 1 for 1 ≤ i < j ≤9. In this paper we prove the following:

(i) If aj are not all of the same sign, then the cubic equation has prime solutions satisfying pj ≪|n|1/3 + max{|aj|}14+∊.

(ii) If all aj are positive and n ≫ max{|aj|} 43+∊, then is solvable in primes pj.

These results are an extension of the linear and quadratic relative problems.
De la web 2.0 al elearning 2.0
Authors: Pina Antonio Bartolomé
Published: June 2012

La Web 2.0 representa una segunda oportunidad para la introducción de los recursos y materiales multimedia en el sistema educativo. Este texto trata de plantear qué posibilidades está ofreciendo el multimedia a los entornos instruccionales latinoamericanos y por qué la Web 2.0 es una nueva oportunidad. Desde el 2004 el término Web 2.0 ha supuesto una revolución en los sitios de Internet, y ha generado algunas nuevas ideas educativas identificadas como “eLearning 2.0”. La ambigüedad de ambos términos no nos permite afirmar que nos encontramos ante un nuevo paradigma para la Educación a Distancia potenciada por la tecnología, pero parece que algunas ideas podrían provocar cambios en aspectos clave del currículum: la red como plataforma, o los sistemas multidispositivo cambian el concepto de estudiar en cualquier lugar y momento; la inteligencia colectiva y la riqueza de la experiencia del usuario afecta el concepto de autoridad en sistemas educativos; las etiquetas y los lectores RSS nos hacen revisar las taxonomías tradicionales así como la organización del conocimiento y la recuperación de la información.
Liberalismo e formação de professores para educação de surdos
Authors: Machado Fernanda de Camargo , Lazzarin Márcia Lise Lunardi
Published: June 2012

Este trabalho analisa o cenário político em que a emergência de um campo de saber pedagógico-científico e de um corpo de expertise para o trabalho didático com os sujeitos surdos foram produzidos como  necessários ao ideal moderno de civilização. Ao explicar o movimento da formação docente como dispositivo de governamentalidade, pretende-se contribuir com o entendimento de como os conjuntos discursivos que cruzam as medidas políticas geram significados que demarcam a  educabilidade dos discentes surdos e o status profissional dos sujeitos docentes relacionando a funcionalidade desse jogo com o regime governamental do liberalismo. Para tanto, neste trabalho, buscou-se alicerce nas contribuições de Michel Foucault, utilizando a noção de dispositivo como utensílio metodológico e a noção de governamentalidade como ferramenta analítica. A partir da realização deste estudo, foi possível descrever a criação da formação de professores para a educação de surdos no século XIX como um dispositivo de governamentalidade acionado pelo Estado Liberal. Nessa conjuntura, a formação docente responde estrategicamente à urgência histórica de criar um regime de saber para os professores que permita ordenar a população escolar e produzir corpos surdos dóceis.
Educação e implosão social
Authors: Petitat André
Published: June 2012

As espetaculares implosões conhecidas por diversos países interrogam o sociólogo e particularmente aqueles que percebem a educação como encarnação de esquemas de ação. Por que essas vertiginosas faltas de eficácia dos habitus duravelmente inculcados? Ao lado da resposta classicamente procurada nas evoluções mais ou menos contingentes, este artigo sugere a existência de mecanismos inerentes aos processos de socialização alimentando essas brutais evoluções. Em primeiro lugar, a socialização se apresenta como uma inserção em categorias heterogêneas em interação dinâmica, o que permite pensar sua dependência em relação às influências categoriais, às tensões e aos conflitos. Em segundo lugar, a interioridade implica um espaço de jogo ou espaço de reversibilidade, cada ator podendo virtualmente esconder, mostrar, simular e transgredir as normas de ação das categorias de inserção, enfim, se reservar a liberdade de desvios abruptos nas suas adesões
Uma análise do discurso hegemônico acerca das tecnologias na educação
Authors: Barreto Raquel Goulart
Published: June 2012

Este texto analisa os sentidos que têm sido atribuídos à incorporação educacional das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TIC) e está organizado em três seções. A primeira compreende uma tentativa de síntese da análise crítica de discurso como alternativa teórico-metodológica para a abordagem dos encaminhamentos relativos ao tema, tendo como horizonte o contexto da “sociedade global da informação”, suas formulações-chave e tendências, enfatizando a de restringir os sentidos possíveis ao da substituição tecnológica. A segunda seção envolve as ressignificações de ensinar e aprender no contexto citado, focalizando os discursos sobre estes processos no cenário internacional. A terceira e última seção aponta para o resgate dos sentidos plurais das TIC na sua recontextualização educacional, tendo em vista superar a substituição tecnológica como sentido hegemônico.
Spectral characteristics and scatter cross-section of low latitude mesospheric echoes measured by the Indian MST radar at Gadanki
Authors: Belova E. , Kirkwood S. , Narayana Rao T. , Satheesh Kumar S. , Sergienko T.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. In November 2008 and in March and April 2009 the Indian MST radar (53 MHz) at Gadanki was operated during the daytime in a special experiment, with 600 m altitude resolution, for understanding the characteristics of low-latitude mesospheric echoes (LLME). The data of three days when the echoes were strongest have been analysed in terms of spectral widths and radar volume reflectivities. Spectral widths of LLME show some decrease with altitude, with median values of 4–6 m s−1 at 69–72 km and of 2–4 m s−1 at 73–78 km. This corresponds to 20–200 mW kg−1 turbulent energy dissipation rates. It has been shown that stronger echoes have broader spectra consistent with a turbulent scattering mechanism. For the first time, the volume reflectivities for the strong LLME for Gadanki have also been calculated. They are in the range of 10−17–10−15 m−1, so LLME at Gadanki are somewhat stronger than those reported so far from Jicamarca, Peru (Lehmacher et al., 2009).
Organic and inorganic carbon in the topsoil of the Mongolian and Tibetan grasslands: pattern, control and implications
Authors: Shi Y. , Baumann F. , Ma Y. , Song C. , Kühn P. , Scholten T. , He J.-S.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Soil carbon (C) is the largest C pool in the terrestrial biosphere and includes both inorganic and organic components. Studying patterns and controls of soil C help us to understand and estimate potential responses of soil C to global change in the future. Here we analyzed topsoil data of 81 sites obtained from a regional survey across grasslands in the Inner Mongolia and on the Tibetan Plateau during 2006–2007, attempting to find the patterns and controls of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and soil organic carbon (SOC). The averages of inorganic and organic carbon in the topsoil (0–20 cm) across the study region were 0.38% and 3.63%, ranging between 0.00–2.92% and 0.32–26.17% respectively. Both SIC and SOC in the Tibetan grasslands (0.51% and 5.24% respectively) were higher than those in the Inner Mongolian grasslands (0.21% and 1.61%). Regression tree analyses showed that the spatial pattern of SIC and SOC were controlled by different factors. Chemical and physical processes of soil formation drive the spatial pattern of SIC, while biotic processes drive the spatial pattern of SOC. SIC was controlled by soil acidification and other processes depending on soil pH. Vegetation type is the most important variable driving the spatial pattern of SOC. According to our models, given the acidification rate in Chinese grassland soils in the future is the same as that in Chinese cropland soils during the past two decades: 0.27 and 0.48 units per 20 yr in the Inner Mongolian grasslands and the Tibetan grasslands respectively, it will lead to a 30% and 53% decrease in SIC in the Inner Mongolian grasslands and the Tibetan grasslands respectively. However, negative relationship between soil pH and SOC suggests that acidification will inhibit decomposition of SOC, thus will not lead to a significant general loss of carbon from soils in these regions.
Direct observations of diel biological CO2 fixation on the Scotian Shelf, northwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Thomas H. , Craig S. E. , Greenan B. J. W. , Burt W. , Herndl G. J. , Higginson S. , Salt L. , Shadwick E. H. , Urrego-Blanco J.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Much of the variability in the surface ocean's carbon cycle can be attributed to the availability of sunlight, triggering surface heat flux and photosynthesis, which in turn regulate the biogeochemical cycling of carbon over a wide range of time scales. The critical processes of this carbon cycle regulation, occurring at time scales of a day or less, however, have undergone few investigations, most of which have been limited to time spans of several days to months. Optical methods have helped to infer short-term biological variability, but complementing investigations of the oceanic CO2 system are lacking. We employ high-frequency CO2 and optical observations covering the full seasonal cycle on the Scotian Shelf, northwestern Atlantic Ocean, in order to unravel diel periodicity of the surface ocean carbon cycle and its effects on annual budgets. Significant diel periodicity in the surface CO2 system occurs only if the water column is sufficiently stable as observed during seasonal warming. During that time biological CO2 drawdown, or net community production (NCP), is delayed for several hours relative to the onset of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), due to diel cycles in chlorophyll a concentration and to grazing. In summer, NCP decreases by more than 90%, coinciding with the seasonal minimum of the mixed layer depth and resulting in the disappearance of the diel CO2 periodicity in the surface waters.
Microbiological follow-up of Nosocomial Infections in a Single Urological Center
Authors: Vittori Matteo , D'Addessi Alessandro , Sasso Francesco , Sacco Emilio , Totaro Angelo , Calarco Alessandro , D'Agostino Daniele , Palermo Giuseppe , Bassi Pier Francesco
Published: June 2012

Background

To analyze data from the cultural examinations of different biological fluids, obtained from urologic patients from January 2007 to April 2010, in order to describe the incidence of infections in our setting.

Methods

In the period of reference a urine culture was carried out for every patient admitted, in case of suspected urinary tract infection, a blood culture in case of suspected sepsis, and a wound culture in case of wound infection.

Results

In the period of investigation 321 patients developed some kind of infection: 589 positive isolations obtained from cultural examinations have been diagnosed in urine (63%), blood (6%), surgical wound (6%), venous central catheter (7%) and other sites (18%) (tip of ureteral and bladder catheters). The most commonly isolated pathogenic agent for all the sites of infection has been Escherichia coli (22.5%). In urine, the most frequently isolated species have been Escherichia coli (27.8%), Enterococcus (12.5%), and Candida spp (9.3%). Escherichia coli (22.9%), Pseudomonas (5.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (3.5%) were the most frequently found pathogenic agents responsible for sepsis, compared to others. In the period of investigation we have recorded 35 episodes of sepsis.

Conclusions

Empiric antibiotic therapy is frequent in cases of clinical evidence of infection, before the identification of the causative microorganism is available; therefore, it is important to know which are the bacterial species mainly responsible for these specific infections. We need continuous surveillance of infections and the improvement in the use of antibiotic therapy in order to limit the antimicrobial resistance.
Physicochemical Quality of Kernels from Terminalia catappa L. and Sensory Evaluation of the Concocted Kernels
Authors: Biego Godi H. M. , Konan Amoin G. , Douati Togba E. , Kouadio L. P.
Published: June 2012

This study focused on the physicochemical characterization of the kernels from Terminalia catappa L. and sensory evaluation of appetizers concocted from these kernels. The results of the physicochemical analyzes were as follow: ash (4.0±0.1%), proteins (40.9±1.3%), lipids (50.6±1.0%), total sugars (1.4±0.1%), reducing sugars (0.3±0.01%) and moisture content (3.8±0.4%). Acid and peroxide values were respectively 1.3±0.2% and 6.30±0.23 meq O2/kg oil. Two appetizers were concocted from the fresh kernels of Terminalia catappa L: Salted Roasted Kernels (SRK) and Unsalted Roasted Kernels (URK). A comparison of sensory profiles of both appetizers showed that they were not significantly different (p<5%) for the parameters sweet and oily but different (p<5%) for the parameters salty, bitter and firm. However, the tasters’ preference for the Salted Roasted Kernels was not significantly different from their preference for the Unsalted Roasted Kernels. The appetizers from Terminalia catappa L. (SRK and URK) were then compared to other appetizers readily available in markets and malls: Salted Roasted Peanuts (SRP), Unsalted Roasted Peanuts (URP), Unsalted Roasted Hazelnuts (URH) and Salted Roasted Cashew nuts (SRC). The preference order was: URH<URK<SRK<URP<SRC<SRP.
ON RANDOM ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEMS WITH GREYSCALE MAPS
Authors: Demers Matthew , Kunze Herb , La Torre Davide
Published: June 2012

In the theory of Iterated Function Systems (IFSs) it is known that one can find an IFS with greyscale maps (IFSM) to approximate any target signal or image with arbitrary precision, and a systematic approach for doing so was described. In this paper, we extend these ideas to the framework of random IFSM operators. We consider the situation where one has many noisy observations of a particular target signal and show that the greyscale map parameters for each individual observation inherit the noise distribution of the observation. We provide illustrative examples.
Distribution patterns, floristic structure and habitat requirements of the alpine river plant community Stuckenietum amblyphyllae ass. nova (Potametea) in the Pamir Alai Mountains (Tajikistan)
Authors: Nowak Arkadiusz S. , Nobis Marcin
Published: June 2012

This paper discusses the floristic structure, distribution and habitat requirements of a new aquatic syntaxon, Stuckenietum amblyphyllae ass. nova. Patches of the Stuckenietum amblyphyllae association occur in the Pamir Alai Mountains in Middle Asia (Tajikistan). The biotope of this community represent high mountain rivers and ponds at the bottom of glacial river valleys situ- ated at elevations between 1900 and 3800 m. Patches of the Stuckenietum amblyphyllae association are characterised by a clear predominance of the typical species, i.e. Stuckenia amblyphylla, which occupies an aerial extent of between near 40 up to 90% of the surface studied. Patches of the community are poor in species, comprising a maximum of five taxa. Among associated species mainly rush, aquatic, meadow and marsh taxa have been noted. The Stuckenietum amblyphyllae community prefers cold, open, alkaline waters with medium flow-rate, ranging in depth from 15 to 75 cm. It is also, but rarely, found in the mountain ponds. Together with the Stuckenia filiformis community it designates in the Pamir Alai Mountains the upper limit of aquatic vegetation.