bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does urban particulate matter hinder COVID-19 transmission rate?
Authors: Penuelas Josep , Fernández-Martínez Marcos , Cobo Sandra , Badiella Llorenç , Sardans Jordi
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on global health, with millions of people affected by the disease. Recent studies have shown that environmental factors such as air quality, temperature, and humidity can impact the survival and transmission of the virus, leading to differences in the rate of spread and severity of the disease in different regions. In this global cross-sectional study, we analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and the transmission and survival of the virus in 167 cities distributed all over the world. We used a dataset containing daily COVID-19 data for 167 cities from 01/05/2020 to 01/01/2022, along with variables related to atmospheric and environmental conditions. We found an expected positive relationship between increases in atmospheric NO2 concentration and increases in the infective rate of COVID-19. We also found an unexpected negative relationship between PM10 and COVID-19 spread, which was stronger in unpolluted cities, and indicating a likely stronger and faster deactivation of the viruses by the absorption to the larger than to the smaller particles, to PM10 more than to PM2.5. Although a complete analysis would require taking into account the restrictions in the city and the immunization status of the population, and the variance of COVID-19 spread explained by PM10 was small, only up to approx. 2%, these results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of particles on the spread of COVID-19 and other respiratory viral diseases thus informing public health policies and interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of these pandemics.
Situation Awareness in Tactical Police Interventions
Authors: Hansson Jonas , Borglund Erik A. M.
Published: April 2024

In extreme situations, the police have limited time to react when a threat or a situation arises suddenly. Situation awareness has been identified as a key factor for success in how tactical decisions are made. This helps the police to perform secure and legally correct interventions and decisions. We collected the primary data from 21 interviews with police officers, supplemented by literature and documents. We analyzed the relationship between tactical methods and situation awareness. The purpose of the article is to explore the relationship between police tactics and police officers’ work with situation awareness. Situation awareness has been studied through the lens of the Swedish police general tactical explanation model. We discuss how the general tactical explanation model provides the conditions for the police officers’ explanations to achieve situation awareness. We conclude that if the general tactical explanation model is applied during tactical interventions there are better possibilities to achieve situation awareness.
(Non)-Exertional Variables of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Heart Failure with and Without Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Wernhart Simon , Michel Lars , Carpinteiro Alexander , Luedike Peter , Rassaf Tienush
Published: April 2024

Purpose of Review

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) constitutes an important etiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Since patients with CA show early exhaustion, we aimed to investigate whether non-exertional variables of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provide additional information in comparison to traditional peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak).

Recent Findings

We retrospectively investigated CPET variables of patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF with (n = 21) and without (n = 21, HF) CA at comparable age and ejection fraction. Exertional and non-exertional CPET variables as well as laboratory and echocardiographic markers were analyzed. The primary outcome was the difference in CPET variables between groups. The secondary outcome was rehospitalization in patients with CA during a follow-up of 24 months. Correlations between CPET, NTproBNP, and echocardiographic variables were calculated to detect patterns of discrimination between the groups. HF patients with CA were inferior to controls in most exertional and non-exertional CPET variables. Patients with CA were hospitalized more often (p = 0.002), and rehospitalization was associated with VE/VCO2 (p = 0.019), peak oxygen pulse (p = 0.042), the oxygen equivalent at the first ventilatory threshold (p = 0.003), circulatory (p = 0.024), and ventilatory power (p < .001), but not VO2peak (p = 0.127). Higher performance was correlated with lower E/e’ and NTproBNP as well as higher resting heart rate and stroke volume in CA.

Patients with CA displayed worse non-exertional CPET performance compared to non-CA HF patients, which was associated with rehospitalization. Differences between correlations of resting echocardiography and CPET variables between groups emphasize different properties of exercise physiology despite comparable ejection fraction.
One sip of water with LT-4 supplementation—a key to euthyroidism in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Schnedl Wolfgang J. , Michaelis Simon , Mangge Harald , Enko Dietmar
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Recommended pharmacotherapy for hypothyroidism in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is oral supplementation with levothyroxine (LT-4). However, serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels within normal range are not consistently achieved with LT-4 medication.

Patients and methods

We report on 35 HT patients with LT-4 therapy in this retrospective evaluation. In general, we recommend that a maximum of two sips of water, which would then amount to < 50 mL, be ingested at the same time as LT-4. We report on follow up examinations measuring TSH and antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) after 6 months to five years.

Results

After median time of 643 days (range 98-1825) we found in 35 HT patients a statistical significant reduction of serum TSH (p < 0.001) and TPOAb (p = 0.006). The patients median body weight was 71 kg (range 48–98) and a daily LT-4 dosage was used with median 69.1 µg (range 25–150). This results in a daily LT-4 dose of median 1.01 µg/kg bodyweight (range 0.3–2.3).

Conclusions

The reduction of water ingestion to a maximum of two sips, which is <50 mL, combined with LT-4 supplementation helps to achieve euthyroidism in HT. In addition, it reduces the L-T4 medication dosage needed to lower TSH serum levels and decreases TPO antibodies in HT.
Shattered ground, resilient souls: examining coping strategies, social support, and earthquake exposure’s effects on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescent and young adults survivors of the 2023 earthquake in Türkiye
Authors: Can Gür Ganime
Published: April 2024

Given the profound impact of natural disasters on mental health, particularly in vulnerable groups such as adolescent and young adult, understanding their psychological results is crucial for providing necessary support and designing effective interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between earthquake exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, coping mechanisms, and social support in adolescents and young adults who survived the 2023 earthquake in Turkey. The research was conducted in Kırıkhan district of Hatay province, which was severely damaged after the earthquake that occurred in Turkey in 2023. The sample for the descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 204 participants. Convenience sampling method was used for data collection. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form (PIF), Impact of Events Scale (IES), Stress Coping Strategies Inventory (CSSI), and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MPSSS). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with IES-R scores. Three models were tested to understand the factors predicting levels of posttraumatic stress (IES-R scores). The findings suggest that exposure to earthquake, problem-focused coping and seeking support play an important role in understanding posttraumatic stress levels. This study provides valuable insights into the psychological impact of the earthquake on adolescents and young adults, as well as the development of effective intervention strategies and support programs for young earthquake survivors.
Welche ACR-Antwort soll in Zulassungsstudien bei der Rheumatoiden Arthritis zum Einsatz kommen?
Authors: Konzett V. , Kerschbaumer A.
Published: April 2024

Die American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-Antworten werden seit ihrer Entwicklung im Jahr 1995 in nahezu allen bedeutenden Medikamentenstudien in der Rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) als primäre und sekundäre Endpunkte verwendet [1]. Welche Ansprechrate (ACR20, 50 oder 70) hierbei eine optimale Balance zwischen statistischer Power und klinischer Relevanz in der Therapielandschaft moderner Biologika- und Small-Molecule-Studien erfüllt, war lange Zeit unklar. In dieser Arbeit haben wir daher systematisch die 3 ACR-Antworten zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten und in verschiedenen Patientenpopulationen in randomisiert-kontrollierten RA-Zulassungsstudien verglichen – vor dem Hintergrund der Annahmen, dass sich das oben angeführte Gleichgewicht von statistischer Power und klinischer Relevanz zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten und in verschiedenen Patientengruppen unterscheidet, dass ein statistisch gewichtiger Outcomemarker essenziell ist zur Eingrenzung von Umfang und Dauer der Placeboexposition in klinischen Studien, und dass bei gleicher statistischer Power ein klinisch relevanter Marker zu bevorzugen ist. Zusammenfassend validiert unsere Arbeit die Verwendung der ACR20-Schwelle als primären Endpunkt vor allem zu frühen Zeitpunkten in klinischen Studien, da die diskriminative Kapazität im Vergleich zu ACR50- und ACR70-Antworten deutlich höher ist, während letztere vor allem zu späteren Zeitpunkten (z. B. um Woche 24) mit vergleichbarer statistischer Power angewandt werden können. Dieser longitudinale Vergleich der ACR-Metriken über die gesamte Dauer von placebokontrollierten Studien bietet neue Einblicke in die Dynamik und Aussagekraft der in der RA so häufig angewandten Parameter, und ist daher bedeutend sowohl für die Planung und Durchführung von klinischen Studien wie auch für die Interpretation ihrer Ergebnisse.
Development and Analysis of a Multi-Wavelength Near-Infrared Sensor for Monitoring Skin Hydration and Validation Using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Gidado Iman , Al-Halawani Raghda , Qassem Meha , Kyriacou Panicos
Published: April 2024

The monitoring of an individual’s hydration levels is a vital measurement required for the maintenance of a healthy skin barrier function as well as the avoidance of dehydration. The current commercial devices for this measure are typically based on electrical methodologies, such as capacitance, which allows for the extraction of skin hydration using the ionic balance deviations in the stratum corneum. The use of optical-based methods such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been recently explored for the measurement of skin hydration. Optical approaches have the ability to penetrate deeper into the skin layers and provide detailed information on the optical properties of present water bands. This paper presents the development of a multi-wavelength optical sensor and its capability of assessing skin hydration in an in vitro experiment utilizing porcine skin. Regression analysis of the results showed to be in line with standard reference measurements (R2 CV=0.952257), validating the accuracy of the developed sensor in measuring dermal water content. A Monte Carlo model of the human skin was also developed and simulated to predict the optical sensor’s performance at variable water concentrations. This model serves as a tool for validating the sensor measurement accuracy. The output from this model gave a standard expectation of the device, which agreed with trends seen in the in vitro work. This research strongly suggests that non-invasive (wearable) NIR based sensors could be used for the comprehensive assessment of skin hydration.
Cystatin C as an adjunct to HbA1c may prove useful in predicting the development of diabetic complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nilsson Charlotta , Dereke Jonatan
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Complications from diabetes mellitus can occur over time and although glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a good biomarker for glycaemic control, other factors also contribute to the development of complications in type 1 diabetes. More markers able to identify the risk of complications are needed. This study aimed to investigate plasma levels of FGF21, Cystatin C, lipocalin-2, and MMP-9 in children and adolescents with different duration of type 1 diabetes and possible correlation to HbA1c to identify potential biomarkers of future complication development.

Methods

Patients (n = 244, 0–18 years) with type 1 diabetes, at Helsingborg’s Hospital, Sweden, were included in this study. Circulating levels of FGF21, Cystatin C, lipocalin-2, and MMP-9 were investigated in plasma using automated ELISA with the ELLA™ system and standardised controls.

Results

Cystatin C levels were elevated in patients with diabetes duration longer than 5 years (P < 0.001). HbA1c and Cystatin C levels were inversely correlated for all participants (rs = − 0.23, CI95: −0.35-−0.10; P < 0.001). A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that HbA1c (P < 0.001) and Cystatin C (P = 0.03) were associated to the duration of diabetes at sampling while MMP-9, lipocalin-2, and FGF21 did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Cystatin C levels were higher in patients with diabetes duration longer than 5 years, and inverse correlation was found between HbA1c and Cystatin C levels as well as duration of diabetes. Cystatin C may prove useful as an adjunct to HbA1c in predicting eventual development of diabetic complications.
Experimental Study of Electrical-Assisted Nanomachining of Monocrystalline Copper Using Customized Tungsten Tip
Authors: Wang Tao , Tian Yanling , Lu Zhilai , Wang Weijie , Zhang Zhao , Zhu Guangwei , Tang Hui , Zhang Dawei
Published: April 2024

As a promising micro/nanofabrication method, electrical-assisted nanomachining has obtained substantial attention due to its high material removal rate and attainable superior surface quality. In this study, a rectangular wave electrical signal was applied for nanomachining by a customized tungsten tip. Owing to the coupling effect between the electric field and mechanical force, the cutting depth of the machined grooves can be expanded. In electrical-assisted groove processing, a depth of 270 nm and an aspect ratio of 0.6 on the copper sample can be achieved. The influence of operation parameters including applied voltage, frequency, duty ratio, normal force and cutting speed on the machining performance was investigated in terms of the groove depth, width, aspect ratio, and surface roughness. The potential machining mechanisms should be a combination of electric field force, nanoscale electric discharge, electric contact thermal effects, possible annealing behavior, and scraping and plowing actions induced by mechanical forces.
Genetic diversity of Erwinia amylovora isolates from fire blight diseased trees in Central and Eastern Georgia
Authors: Sadunishvili Tinatin , Gaganidze Dali , Amashukeli Nanuli , Aznarashvili Mariam , Kharadze Shorena , Sturua Neli , Rezzonico Fabio
Published: April 2024

The genetic diversity of 52 Erwinia amylovora isolates from pome fruit trees with fire blight in Central and Eastern Georgia from the years 2020–2022 was examined using specific PCR and genotyping of CRISPR repeat regions 1 and 2. The analysis identified three distinct genotypes: (A, a, α), matching historical Western European strains; (A, z, α), distinctive for Georgia and differing by a three-spacer deletion in CRR2 (2034–2036); as well as novel genotype (A, ä, α), which was not observed previously. Genotypes (A, a, α) and (A, z, α) were found to coexist geographically in all four regions investigated, whereas genotype (A, ä, α) was reported only in one case in the region of Kvemo Kartli. On separate instances, multiple genotypes were detected even within the same orchard or tree, illustrating the complex genetic landscape of E. amylovora in the country.
The Lakehouse: State of the Art on Concepts and Technologies
Authors: Schneider Jan , Gröger Christoph , Lutsch Arnold , Schwarz Holger , Mitschang Bernhard
Published: April 2024

In the context of data analytics, so-called lakehouses refer to novel variants of data platforms that attempt to combine characteristics of data warehouses and data lakes. In this way, lakehouses promise to simplify enterprise analytics architectures, which often suffer from high operational costs, slow analytical processes and further shortcomings resulting from data replication. However, different views and notions on the lakehouse paradigm exist, which are commonly driven by individual technologies and varying analytical use cases. Therefore, it remains unclear what challenges lakehouses address, how they can be characterized and which technologies can be leveraged to implement them. This paper addresses these issues by providing an extensive overview of concepts and technologies that are related to the lakehouse paradigm and by outlining lakehouses as a distinct architectural approach for data platforms. Concepts and technologies from literature with regard to lakehouses are discussed, based on which a conceptual foundation for lakehouses is established. In addition, several popular technologies are evaluated regarding their suitability for the building of lakehouses. All findings are supported and demonstrated with the help of a representative analytics scenario. Typical challenges of conventional data platforms are identified, a new, sharper definition for lakehouses is proposed and technical requirements for lakehouses are derived. As part of an evaluation, these requirements are applied to several popular technologies, of which frameworks for data lakes turn out to be particularly helpful for the construction of lakehouses. Our work provides an overview of the state of the art and a conceptual foundation for the lakehouse paradigm, which can support future research.
Natural GmACO1 allelic variations confer drought tolerance and influence nodule formation in soybean
Authors: Zhang Zhifang , Ma Junkui , Yang Xia , Liang Shan , Liu Yucheng , Yuan Yaqin , Liang Qianjin , Shen Yanting , Zhou Guoan , Zhang Min , Tian Zhixi , Liu Shulin
Published: April 2024

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the most important, but a drought-sensitive, crops. Identifying the genes controlling drought tolerance is important in soybean breeding. Here, through a genome-wide association study, we identified one significant association locus, located on chromosome 8, which conferred drought tolerance variations in a natural soybean population. Allelic analysis and genetic validation demonstrated that GmACO1, encoding for a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, was the causal gene in this association locus, and positively regulated drought tolerance in soybean. Meanwhile, we determined that GmACO1 expression was reduced after rhizobial infection, and that GmACO1 negatively regulated soybean nodule formation. Overall, our findings provide insights into soybean cultivars for future breeding.
Identification and functional characterization of fish IL-17 receptors suggest important roles in the response to nodavirus infection
Authors: González-Fernández Carmen , García-Álvarez Miguel A. , Cuesta Alberto
Published: April 2024

Th17 is a lymphocyte T helper (Th) subpopulation relevant in the control and regulation of the immune response characterized by the production of interleukin (IL)-17. This crucial cytokine family acts through their binding to the IL-17 receptors (IL-17R), having up to six members. Although the biology of fish Th17 is well-recognized, the molecular and functional characterization of IL-17 and IL-17R has been limited. Thus, our aim was to identify and characterize the IL-17R repertory and regulation in the two main Mediterranean cultured fish species, the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Our in silico results showed the clear identification of six members in each fish species, from IL-17RA to IL-17RE-like, with well-conserved gene structure and protein domains with their human orthologues. All of them showed wide and constitutive transcription in naïve tissues but with highest levels in mucosal tissues, namely skin, gill or intestine. In leucocytes, T mitogens showed the strongest up-regulation in most of the il17 receptors though il17ra resulted in inhibition by most stimulants. Interestingly, in vivo nodavirus infection resulted in alterations on the transcription of il17 receptors. While nodavirus infection led to some increments in the il17ra, il17rb, il17rc and il17rd transcripts in the susceptible European sea bass, many down-regulations were observed in the resistant gilthead seabream. Our data identify the presence and conservation of six coding IL-17R in gilthead seabream and European sea bass as well as their differential regulation in vitro and upon nodavirus infection.
Advanced Query Functionalities in Natural Logic Knowledge Bases
Authors: Andreasen Troels , Bulskov Henrik , Nilsson Jørgen Fischer
Published: April 2024

Natural logics are formal logics characterized by expressions that bear a resemblance to simplified natural language sentences. The inherent readability of natural logics renders them suitable also for large knowledge bases. Within the realm of natural logics, the rules of logical proof are applicable directly to the sentences constructed using this framework. This direct application ensures explainability of query inferences. In the paper we describe a specific natural logic named NaturaLog, suited for ontology-structured knowledge bases. We outline how NaturaLog can be effectively implemented into a database system to facilitate deductive querying. The primary focus of this paper lies in exploring various query functionalities and elucidating methods to achieve these capabilities, also when dealing with large-scale knowledge bases.
VSEM-SAMMI: An Explainable Multimodal Learning Approach to Predict User-Generated Image Helpfulness and Product Sales
Authors: Sun Chengwen , Liu Feng
Published: April 2024

Using user-generated content (UGC) is of utmost importance for e-commerce platforms to extract valuable commercial information. In this paper, we propose an explainable multimodal learning approach named the visual–semantic embedding model with a self-attention mechanism for multimodal interaction (VSEM-SAMMI) to predict user-generated image (UGI) helpfulness and product sales. Focusing on SHEIN (i.e. a fast-fashion retailer), we collect the images posted by consumers, along with product and portrait characteristics. Moreover, we use VSEM-SAMMI, which adopts a self-attention mechanism to enforce attention weights between image and text, to extract features from UGI then use machine learning algorithms to predict UGI helpfulness and product sales. We explain features using a caption generation model and test the predictive power of embeddings and portrait characteristics. The results indicate that when predicting commercial information, embeddings are more informative than product and portrait characteristics. Combining VSEM-SAMMI with light gradient boosting (LightGBM) yields a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.208 for UGI helpfulness prediction and 0.184 for product sales prediction. Our study offers valuable insights for e-commerce platforms, enhances feature extraction from UGI through image–text joint embeddings for UGI helpfulness and product sales prediction, and pioneers a caption generation model for interpreting image embeddings in the e-commerce domain.
Strategic underreporting and optimal deductible insurance
Authors: Cao Jingyi , Li Dongchen , Young Virginia R. , Zou Bin
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes a theoretical insurance model to explain well-documented loss underreporting and to study how strategic underreporting affects insurance demand. We consider a utility-maximizing insured who purchases a deductible insurance contract and follows a barrier strategy to decide whether she should report a loss. The insurer adopts a bonus-malus system with two rate classes, and the insured will move to or stay in the more expensive class if she reports a loss. First, we fix the insurance contract (deductibles) and obtain the equilibrium reporting strategy in semi-closed form. A key result is that the equilibrium barriers in both rate classes are strictly greater than the corresponding deductibles, provided that the insured economically prefers the less expensive rate class, thereby offering a theoretical explanation to underreporting. Second, we study an optimal deductible insurance problem in which the insured strategically underreports losses to maximize her utility. We find that the equilibrium deductibles are strictly positive, suggesting that full insurance, often assumed in related literature, is not optimal. Moreover, in equilibrium, the insured underreports a positive amount of her loss. Finally, we examine how underreporting affects the insurer’s expected profit.
Back to the future: a belated history of ‘new’ science in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Yıldırım Duygu
Published: April 2024

What happens when fragmentary and too much information is flowing across the world? This article sketches the emergence of one such informational flow through the ubiquitous concept of ‘new medicine’ in the seventeenth-century Ottoman Empire in a historiographical corrective. Rather than presenting it as a unified category, I argue that Ottoman physicians used ‘new’ as a loose, multivalent and discursive term whose potentiality lay in its malleability for future use. Ready to bear any contingent meaning at a certain point in the future, the ‘new’ became a strategic tool to cope with the uncertainties evoked by early modern globalization and local epistemic crisis. It also helped Ottoman scholars and physicians develop a tentative design for how much information, and of what sort, was just enough for the learned and laypeople to know during precarious times. I further discuss the fact that since the Ottoman motivation for the usage of the notion of the ‘new’ is without a decisive motive, it still haunts our historiographical debates about what was truly new about Ottoman science.
A multi-center validation of the electronic health record admission source and discharge location fields against the clinical notes for identifying inpatients with long-term care facility exposure
Authors: Goodman Katherine E. , Taneja Monica , Magder Laurence S. , Klein Eili Y. , Sutherland Mark , Sorongon Scott , Tamma Pranita D. , Resnik Philip , Harris Anthony D.
Published: April 2024

Identifying long-term care facility (LTCF)-exposed inpatients is important for infection control research and practice, but ascertaining LTCF exposure is challenging. Across a large validation study, electronic health record data fields identified 76% of LTCF-exposed patients compared to manual chart review.
Equilibrium distributions under advection–diffusion in laminar channel flow with partially absorbing boundaries
Authors: Aquino Tomás
Published: April 2024

Advective–diffusive transport in Poiseuille flow through a channel with partially absorbing walls is a classical problem with applications to a broad range of natural and engineered scenarios, ranging from solute and heat transport in porous and fractured media to absorption in biological systems and chromatography. We study this problem from the perspective of transverse distributions of surviving mass and velocity, which are a central ingredient of recent stochastic models of transport based on the sampling of local flow velocities along trajectories. We show that these distributions tend to asymptotic equilibria for large times and travel distances, and derive rigorous explicit expressions for arbitrary reaction rate. We find that the equality of flux-weighted and breakthrough distributions that holds for conservative transport breaks in the presence of reaction, and that the average velocity of the scalar plume is no longer fully characterized by the transverse distribution of flow velocities sampled at a given time.
GENERIC EXPANSIONS OF GEOMETRIC THEORIES
Authors: JALILI SOMAYE , POURMAHDIAN MASSOUD , TAVANA NAZANIN ROSHANDEL
Published: April 2024

As a continuation of ideas initiated in [19], we study bi-colored (generic) expansions of geometric theories in the style of the Fraïssé–Hrushovski construction method. Here we examine that the properties

$NTP_{2}$

, strongness,

$NSOP_{1}$

, and simplicity can be transferred to the expansions. As a consequence, while the corresponding bi-colored expansion of a red non-principal ultraproduct of p-adic fields is

$NTP_{2}$

, the expansion of algebraically closed fields with generic automorphism is a simple theory. Furthermore, these theories are strong with

$\operatorname {\mathrm {bdn}}(\text {"}x=x\text {"})=(\aleph _0)_{-}$

.
SECOND HANKEL DETERMINANT FOR LOGARITHMIC INVERSE COEFFICIENTS OF CONVEX AND STARLIKE FUNCTIONS
Authors: ALLU VASUDEVARAO , SHAJI AMAL
Published: April 2024

We obtain sharp bounds for the second Hankel determinant of logarithmic inverse coefficients for starlike and convex functions.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR FOR PRODUCTS OF CONSECUTIVE PARTIAL QUOTIENTS IN CONTINUED FRACTIONS
Authors: CHEN XIAO , FANG LULU , LI JUNJIE , SHANG LEI , ZENG XIN
Published: April 2024

Let
$[a_1(x),a_2(x),a_3(x),\ldots ]$
be the continued fraction expansion of an irrational number
$x\in [0,1)$
. We are concerned with the asymptotic behaviour of the product of consecutive partial quotients of x. We prove that, for Lebesgue almost all
$x\in [0,1)$
,
$$ \begin{align*} \liminf_{n \to \infty} \frac{\log (a_n(x)a_{n+1}(x))}{\log n} = 0\quad \text{and}\quad \limsup_{n \to \infty} \frac{\log (a_n(x)a_{n+1}(x))}{\log n}=1. \end{align*} $$

We also study the Baire category and the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points for which the above liminf and limsup have other different values and similarly analyse the weighted product of consecutive partial quotients.
Evolution of household availability of added sugars and their sources in Brazil: analysis of Household Budget Surveys from 2002 to 2017
Authors: Canella Daniela Silva , Louzada Maria Laura da Costa , Oliveira Natália , Azevedo Ana Beatriz Coelho de , Levy Renata Bertazzi
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of household purchase of added sugars and their main food sources in Brazil. Nationally representative data from the Household Budget Surveys from 2002–2003, 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 were used. Energy and added sugar quantities were estimated by means of per capita food quantities. The items considered as food sources were: (1) table sugar: refined sugar and other energetic sweeteners and (2) processed and ultra-processed foods with added sugar: soft drinks; other drinks; sweets, candies and chocolates; cookies; cakes and pies and other foods. The parameters estimated were: mean share of added sugar in total energy and, for food sources, the share of added sugar in total sugar intake and the impact of variations in sources of added sugar between 2008 and 2017. There was a regular share of energy from added sugar to total energy intake between 2002 and 2008 but a reduced share in 2017. Between 2008 and 2017, there was a decrease in the share of refined sugar and other sweeteners and soft drinks to total sugar intake and an increased share of all other items. High-income households had a lower share of refined sugar and other energetic sweeteners, but a higher share of soft drinks, sweets, candies and chocolates. The decrease in added sugar in 2017 was mainly due to the lower share of soft drinks. In conclusion, Brazilians’ total intake of added sugar was decreased, mostly owing to reduced consumption of sugar from soft drinks.
Twenty four-hour passive heat and cold exposures did not modify energy intake and appetite but strongly modify food reward
Authors: Coca Maxime , Besançon Louis , Erblang Mégane , Bourdon Stéphanie , Gruel Arnaud , Lepetit Benoît , Beauchamps Vincent , Tavard Blandine , Oustric Pauline , Finlayson Graham S. , Thivel David , Malgoyre Alexandra , Tardo-Dino Pierre-Emmanuel , Bourrilhon Cyprien , Charlot Keyne
Published: April 2024

Effects of acute thermal exposures on appetite appear hypothetical in reason of very heterogeneous methodologies. The aim of this study was therefore to clearly define the effects of passive 24-h cold (16°C) and heat (32°C) exposures on appetitive responses compared with a thermoneutral condition (24°C). Twenty-three healthy, young and active male participants realised three sessions (from 13.00) in a laboratory conceived like an apartment dressed with the same outfit (Clo = 1). Three meals composed of three or four cold or warm dishes were served ad libitum to assess energy intake (EI). Leeds Food Preference Questionnaires were used before each meal to assess food reward. Subjective appetite was regularly assessed, and levels of appetitive hormones (acylated ghrelin, glucagon-like peptite-1, leptin and peptide YY) were assessed before and after the last meal (lunch). Contrary to the literature, total EI was not modified by cold or heat exposure (P = 0·120). Accordingly, hunger scores (P = 0·554) were not altered. Levels of acylated ghrelin and leptin were marginally higher during the 16 (P = 0·032) and 32°C (P < 0·023) sessions, respectively. Interestingly, implicit wanting for cold and low-fat foods at 32°C and for warm and high-fat foods at 16°C were increased during the whole exposure (P < 0·024). Moreover, cold entrées were more consumed at 32°C (P < 0·062) and warm main dishes more consumed at 16°C (P < 0·025). Thus, passive cold and hot exposures had limited effects on appetite, and it seems that offering some choice based on food temperature may help individuals to express their specific food preferences and maintain EI.
Par-delà l'obligation d'exploiter le territoire : Autodétermination des communautés locales et transition énergétique au Québec
Authors: Gosselin-Tapp Jérôme , Jean Frédérique , Mossu Sacha-Emmanuel , Bédard Léonard
Published: April 2024

Cet article propose une analyse du contexte québécois, actuellement marqué par une prolifération des titres miniers visant des minéraux critiques. Nous examinons la thèse selon laquelle nous aurions une obligation morale d'exploiter le territoire en vue de la transition énergétique. Selon cette idée mise de l'avant notamment par l'industrie minière et le gouvernement provincial québécois, l'opposition des communautés locales à l’égard des projets miniers serait un cas de « NIMBY ». Pour répondre à cette accusation, cet article propose une réflexion sur le rapport qu'entretiennent les communautés politiques avec le territoire à partir des travaux de Margaret Moore, de Cara Nine, et d'intuitions provenant de la Green Legal Theory. Cet article conclut en un droit prima facie des communautés locales de ne pas exploiter les minéraux critiques sur leur territoire.
COMPARING COMPARATIVE LAW: PERSPECTIVES FROM THAILAND
Authors: Reekie Surutchada , Reekie Adam
Published: April 2024

This article conducts an analytical review of the works of three prominent Thai comparative law professors: Professor Preedee Kasemsup, Professor Phijaisakdi Horayangkura and Professor Sanunkorn Sotthibandhu. Although influential in Thailand, their works are mostly in Thai and therefore have received little academic attention outside the kingdom. The authors argue that the works of these scholars have the potential to shine new light on comparative law theory and bring voices from the Global South to add fresh perspectives and contexts to a discipline dominated by scholars from the Global North. Moreover, this examination highlights the challenges that comparative law faces in freeing itself from this hegemony when using internally developed concepts and modes of questioning.
Thomas Clarkson's Heterodox Anglican Christianity and Anti-Slavery
Authors: PAGE ANTHONY
Published: April 2024

This article argues that Thomas Clarkson (1760–1846), the founder of the British campaign to abolish the slave trade, was a heterodox Anglican. Suspected of ‘Unitarian opinions’ in his youth, his religious writings in old age, including neglected notes on his copy of the New Testament, display a deep commitment to critical study of the Bible and a broadly Arian view of Christ. Knowing that Clarkson was a life-long but heterodox member of the Church of England challenges the conventional focus on Quakers and Evangelicals in the study of religion and abolitionism.
‘Scripture Extracts’: An Early Catholic Burmese Translation
Authors: DE JONG JOHN HANS
Published: April 2024

Roman Catholic missions preceded Protestant missions in Burma by three hundred years. Scripture extracts is the only known extant Burmese translation of portions of the Bible by the earlier Catholic missionaries. Produced by the Italian Barnabite missionary Guiseppe d'Amato, Scripture extracts represents the Catholic missionary strategy of inculturation. It was printed by the British Baptist missionaries to Burma, Felix Carey and James Chater, in Serampore in 1811, and passed on to the American Baptist missionary Adoniram Judson. Scripture extracts was an important resource for Judson's translation of the entire Bible into Burmese, although he employed a different translation approach.
Understanding, experience and attitudes towards artificial intelligence technologies for clinical decision support in hearing health: a mixed-methods survey of healthcare professionals in the UK
Authors: Oremule Babatunde , Saunders Gabrielle H , Kluk Karolina , d'Elia Alexander , Bruce Iain A
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Clinician acceptance influences technology adoption, but UK health professionals' attitudes towards artificial intelligence (AI) in hearing healthcare are unclear. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap.

Methods

An online survey, based on the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys, was distributed to audiologists, ENT specialists and general practitioners. The survey collected quantitative and qualitative data on demographics and attitudes to AI in hearing healthcare.

Results

Ninety-three participants (mean age 39 years, 56 per cent female) from three professional groups (21 audiologists, 24 ENT specialists and 48 general practitioners) responded. They acknowledged AI's benefits, emphasised the importance of the clinician–patient relationship, and stressed the need for proper training and ethical considerations to ensure successful AI integration in hearing healthcare.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into UK healthcare professionals' attitudes towards AI in hearing health and highlights the need for further research to address specific concerns and uncertainties surrounding AI integration in hearing healthcare.
Predictors of psychosocial adaptation in children with CHD
Authors: Metelski Jessica L. , Allen Kiona Y. , Barrera L. , Heffernan M. , Hinkle Clayton D. , Parikh Pooja , Foster Carolyn C.
Published: April 2024

Survival of CHD has significantly improved, but children with CHD remain susceptible to neurodevelopmental and psychosocial impairments. Our goal was to investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and psychosocial adaptation for future intervention. A retrospective cross-sectional study of an independent children’s hospital’s records was conducted. Psychosocial adaptation was measured by the Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory Psychosocial Impact score (range 0–50, higher score indicates greater psychosocial adaptation). Bivariate and regression analyses were performed to estimate relationships between Psychosocial Impact score and socio-demographic variables including Child Opportunity Index, family support, financial support, academic support, and extracurricular activities. A total of 159 patients were included. Compared to patients in high opportunity neighbourhoods, patients in low opportunity neighbourhoods had a 9.27 (95% confidence interval [−17.15, −1.40], p = 0.021) point lower Psychosocial Impact score, whereas patients in moderate opportunity neighbourhoods had a 15.30 (95% confidence interval [−25.38, −5.22], p = 0.003) point lower Psychosocial Impact score. Compared to patients with adequate family support, those with limited support had a 6.23 point (95% confidence interval [−11.82, −0.643], p = 0.029) lower Psychosocial Impact score. Patients in moderate opportunity neighbourhoods had a higher Psychosocial Impact score by 11.80 (95% confidence interval [1.68, 21.91], p = 0.022) when they also had adequate family support compared to those with limited family support. Our findings indicate that among children with CHD, psychosocial adaptation is significantly impacted by neighbourhood resources and family support structures. These findings identify possible modifiable and protective factors to improve psychosocial adaptation in this vulnerable population.
Opportunities for strategic decision making in managing ex situ germplasm collections
Authors: Hanson Jean , Lusty Charlotte , Furman Bonnie , Ellis David , Payne Thomas , Halewood Michael
Published: April 2024

Efficient conservation and sustainable use of crop diversity is critical to support global food and nutritional security with ex situ collections stored in over 800 genebanks in 115 countries. The challenge is to manage those collections for long-term conservation of crop diversity and sustainable use to respond to global challenges of food security and climate change. The Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agricutlure (Genebank Standards) form the overall framework for curation of ex situ crop collections, allowing considerable flexibility to develop customized approaches to conserving different crops. Stratified curation involves strategically tailoring curation to specific genebank goals, crops, priorities and resources for each accession based on all available information to prioritize accessions for long-term conservation. It implies using scarce resources where they are most needed and recognizes that accessions can be (a) fully curated to international standards; (b) partially curated for storage for a limited time; (c) archived and stored but no longer curated and available from the genebank; or (d) historical and removed entirely from the genebank. The stratified approach is consistent with the Genebank Standards and the policy framework of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Stratified curation encourages curators to make difficult decisions on accession management to better respond to challenges of curating large collections of crop diversity.
Lenin in the Groove
Authors: Cornish Gabrielle
Published: April 2024

This essay takes a media historical approach to interrogate celebrations of Vladimir Lenin's centenary in the Soviet Union, during which both the state recording company Melodiya and the monthly journal Krugozor, an educational magazine with companion recordings, reevaluated the relative merits and shortcomings of sound recordings in spreading socialist ideology. The need to create recorded materials for domestic audiences as well as socialist and capitalist countries around the world prompted a series of debates over how best to memorialize Lenin's voice and re-historicize the sonic environment of his time. Lenin's voice carried with it substantial historical, political, and cultural power. But his earliest recordings—those made during his lifetime—were of poor quality and even poorer intelligibility. As such, attempts to restore and remaster Lenin's voice necessarily involved the Soviet imagination, especially as the generation of those who knew him personally aged (and died). This tension—between creation and preservation, between artifice and authenticity—would preoccupy sound engineers and producers in the years leading to the centennial. Using archival sources alongside LPs and flexidiscs, this essay traces the connections between voice, format, and mythology across the Soviet epoch and proposes a new understanding of socialist realism in audio media.
Genetic Causal Relationship Between Alanine Aminotransferase Levels and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Mendelian Randomization Analysis Based on Two Samples
Authors: Yin Lihua , Hu Yifang , Hu Xiaoxia , Huang Xiaolei , Chen Yingyuan , Zhang Yisheng
Published: April 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequent complication of pregnancy. The specific mechanisms underlying GDM have not yet been fully elucidated. Contemporary research indicates a potential association between liver enzyme irregularities and an increased risk of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level is recognized as a sensitive marker of liver injury. An increase in ALT levels is hypothesized to be linked to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes. Nonetheless, the definitive causal link between ALT levels and GDM still needs to be determined. This investigation utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the genetic causation between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and GDM. We acquired alanine aminotransferase (ALT)-related GWAS summary data from the UK Biobank, Million Veteran Program, Rotterdam Study, and Lifeline Study. Gestational diabetes data were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium. We employed various MR analysis techniques, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple, and weighted weighting. In addition to MR-Egger intercepts, Cochrane’s Q test was also used to assess heterogeneity in the MR data, and the MR-PRESSO test was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy. To assess the association’s sensitivity, a leave-one-out approach was employed. The IVW results confirmed the independent risk factor for GDM development, as indicated by the ALT level (p = .011). As shown by leave-one-out analysis, horizontal pleiotrophy did not significantly skew the causative link (p > .05). Our dual-sample MR analysis provides substantiated evidence of a genetic causal relationship between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and gestational diabetes.
Integrating cover crops and herbicides for weed control in soybean
Authors: Kumari Annu , Price Andrew J. , Gamble Audrey , Li Steve , Jacobson Alana
Published: April 2024

In mid-southern, southeastern, and northeastern U.S. soybean production regions, the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds has become a significant management challenge for growers. The rising herbicide costs for managing herbicide-resistant weeds are also a growing concern, leading to the utilization of cover crops as an integrated weed management strategy for addressing these challenges. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Alabama in 2022 to evaluate winter cereal cover crops, including a mixture and herbicide system integration in soybean. Treatments included five cover crops: oats, cereal rye, crimson clover, radish, and a cover crop mixture. Cover crops were evaluated for their weed-suppressive characteristics compared to a winter fallow treatment. Additionally, four herbicide treatments were applied: a preemergence (PRE) herbicide, a postemergence (POST) herbicide, PRE plus POST herbicides, and a nontreated (NT) check. The PRE herbicide was S-metolachlor; the POST treatment contained a mixture of dicamba and glyphosate. The PRE plus POST system contained the PRE application followed by POST application. Results show that cereal rye and the cover crop mixture provided weed biomass reduction compared to all cover crop treatments across both locations. Furthermore, we observed greater soybean yield following the cereal rye cover crop than following the winter fallow treatment at one location. POST and PRE plus POST herbicide treatment resulted in greater weed biomass reduction and improved soybean yield than the PRE herbicide treatment alone and the NT check at both locations.