bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPDATES IN PROTOCOL FOR HUMAN SEMEN EXAMINATION
Authors: Sapozhkova Zh. Yu. , Eremin K. I.
Published: April 2020

Currently, the WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (5th edition, 2010) provides updated, standardized, evidence-based procedures and recommendations for laboratory managers, scientists and technicians to follow in examining human semen in a clinical or research setting. Despite the fact, there are several gaps and limitations in the interpretation of this compendium. Mostly, the WHO-protocol of estimation of peroxidase-positive cells and spermatozoa, as well as evaluation of their viability and morphology are not so affordable and applicable in Russia due to peculiarities of laboratory market. Furthermore, most of Russian manuscripts do not reflect a unified approach to the analytical stage of semen analyses. In order to standardize the protocol for human semen examination which adopted to Russian lab it was developed packing of reagents (GEMSTANDART-SEMEN ANALYSES, LLC ‘GEMSTANDART’, Saint Petersburg, Russia) allowing to obtain an accuracy and completeness of the examination. In summary, this approach is a necessary step in male fertility evaluation. Together with a clinical information, it is indispensable for planning the appropriate clinical management and tacking care in male health.
RARE SPECIES IN THE STRUCTURE OF ACID-RESISTANT MEMBERS OF THE ORDER ACTINOMYCETALES ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL MATERIAL
Authors: Lyamin Artem Viktorovich
Published: April 2020

The article presents data on the structure of acid-resistant members of the order Actinomycetales and rare species that have been isolated and identified using various methods. The study included strains of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from clinical material during examination for tuberculosis in the period from 2016 to 2019. The total number of samples with signs of NTMs growth that were included in the study was 316 samples. Primary isolation on Levenshtein-Jensen, Finn II, and MGIT media and NTMs identification by DNA-hybridization. All strains that were not identified prior to the species and culture, identified as microorganisms with a high G+C content (High GC GR +) were re-identified using a MALDI-ToF Microflex LT mass spectrometer (Bruker®). By the method of DNA-hybridization, 188 strains isolated by NTM were successfully identified to form 58.5% of all selected cultures. Among the selected species, representatives of slowly growing NTMs (M. avium complex, M. gordonae, M. kansasii) predominated, which amounted to 67.0% of all NTM strains identified to the species. Among the cultures for which DNA hybridization failed to carry out acceptable identification, predominantly NTMs were found, among which M. gordonae, M. avium, M. kansasii dominated. A number of NTMs were represented by rare species: M. iranicum and M. pseudoshottsii. Among this group of microorganisms, other acid-resistant aerobic actinomycetes were isolated, including those of potential clinical significance: Gordonia spp., Tsukamurella spp., Rhodococcus spp., Nocardia spp. When identifying cultures containing high concentrations of G+C, the maximum number of microbial associations was revealed, including those consisting of two types of NTMs (M. monacense + M. flavescens, M. avium + M. kansasii), as well as associations of M. gordonae with staphylococci. The same group included rare NTM species: M. fredericbergense, M. szulgai, M. malmoense, M. bohemicum, M. septicum, as well as representatives of the genera Nocardia, Gordonia, Tsukamurella.
SPECIFICITY OF ESTIMATION AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN OLDER AGE GROUPS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY
Authors: Zakharova N. O. , Bulgakova S. V. , Treneva E. V. , Nikolaeva A. V. , Romanchuk P. I. , Nesterenko S. A.
Published: April 2020

The demographic situation in recent decades has been characterized by a progressive increase in the proportion of older age groups in both developed countries and the Russian Federation. The main contribution to morbidity and mortality of people over 60 years of age is made by diseases of the circulatory system. Early development and progression of cardiovascular diseases contributes to kidney dysfunction, often developing against the background of morphological changes occurring with age in the kidneys, called “senile kidney”. Reduction of glomerular filtration rate in elderly patients is not mandatory and in most cases occurs as a result of an existing pathological process. The combined effect of changes in GFR and cardiovascular disease on the prognosis of older patients remains poorly understood, which determines the relevance of the study of chronic kidney disease in geriatric patients.
Pemanfaatan Bot Telegram Untuk Media Informasi Penelitian
Authors: Mulyanto Angga Dwi
Published: April 2020

Bot telegram dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media informasi penelitian. Pada artikel ini kami mencoba melakukan pengembangan media informasi penelitian menggunakan bot telegram untuk LP2M UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengembangan adalah ADDIE. Terdapat 2 hal yang kami rasa perlu dimasukkan di dalam bot telegram LP2M  saat ini yaitu daftar penelitian dan daftar haki. Dengan menggunakan bot telegram, pengguna dapat mengakses data penelitian dan HaKI dengan cepat.
Predicting social and personal attraction in task groups
Authors: Henningsen David Dryden , Henningsen Mary Lynn Miller , Booth Paul
Published: April 2020

Equity and market forces are examined for their influence on the formation of social and personal attraction in groups. It is hypothesized that perceptions of task and maintenance behaviors during group interactions influence individuals’ perceptions of costs and rewards in groups which, in turn, drive assessments of social and personal attraction via either equity or market forces. Results indicate that equity forces are significantly linked with perceptions of social attraction and market forces significantly predict personal attraction. Theoretical implications are discussed regarding equity theory, social exchange theory, and relational framing theory.
Facilitation and groupwork tasks in self-directed groupwork
Authors: Fleming Jennie , Ward Dave
Published: April 2020

In this paper we will briefly set out the principles and process of the self-directed groupwork model but our main focus will be on how people are putting the model into practice and changes we have observed in relation to groupwork tasks and facilitation within its application over the past 3 decades. Whilst we have found that self-directed groupwork continues to be practised by a range of professionals it is equally used by self-run groups with no input from a professional worker.
The Assault Awareness Course and New Drivers’ Initiative; Groupwork programmes for young people convicted of violent and vehicle offences
Authors: Wallis Pete , McLellan Leeann , Clothier Kathryn , Malpass Jenny
Published: April 2020

At the point that someone commits a crime and causes deliberate harm to others, that person must by definition have behaved irresponsibly and shown little or no empathy for their victims. Following the offence they may continue to avoid taking responsibility, hiding behind excuses to minimise their culpability and shift the blame on others – in order to avoid unpleasant consequences for themselves. Many will not consider the suffering to which their behaviour has led. Offending behaviour and restorative justice interventions will succeed only to the extent that a perpetrator is willing to accept responsibility for their part in their crime and shows some empathy for those they harmed. Oxfordshire Youth Offending Service has developed two innovative groupwork programmes, one for young people who have committed violent offences and the other for car crime. These programmes are designed to challenge participants to be accountable and provide conditions for an empathic response towards their victims.
A produção do conhecimento sobre ações afirmativas no Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Emanuel Mangueira
Published: April 2020

O artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar a produção do conhecimento, teses e dissertações que pesquisaram a temática das ações afirmativas no Brasil. Para isso, iniciou-se a pesquisa escolhendo uma base de dados, a BDTD, que permitiu acessar as teses e dissertações produzidas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação no Brasil. Em seguida optou-se por utilizar o termo “ações afirmativas” para realizar a pesquisa bibliográfica dentro da base de dados. As informações obtidas foram sistematizadas em planilha do tipo “excel”. Como resultado, foram localizadas 373 produções do conhecimento sendo 173 na região Sudeste, 82 na região Sul, 68 na região Nordeste, 41 na região Centro-Oeste e 9 na região Norte.
Entre o trabalho e a escola
Authors: Vendramin Marcia Cristina da Silva , Gemma Sandra Francisca Bezerra , Mata Andreia Silva
Published: April 2020

O artigo discute a problemática na produção de semijoias e bijuterias em Limeira-SP. A pesquisa descritiva foi realizada com crianças e adolescentes em idade escolar.Foi aplicado um questionário contendo 41 perguntas objetivas que investigaram o perfil do estudante, da família, do trabalho, dos estudos e aspectos da saúde. Entre os principais resultados foi detectado que 569 participantes possuíam idades entre 7 a 13 anos e destes 37,43% (n=213) informaram que precisam trabalhar para ajudar seus familiares.Quando questionado sobre o tipo de atividade que realizam 28,18% (n=51) estudantes indicaram que estão envolvidos com a produção de semijoias e bijuterias.
PATOGENESIS Gyrodactylus : PENENTUAN DERAJAT INFESTASI, PENGAMATAN GEJALA KLINIS DAN PATOLOGI INSANG IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Sari Putri Desi Wulan , Mahasri Gunanti , Koesnoto Koesnoto
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui patogenesis infestasi Gyrodactylus yang menginfestasi insang ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Patogenesis diamati berdasarkan tingkat derajat infestasi, pengamatan gejala klinis dan patologi insang ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Sebanyak 1.440 ekor ikan mas terinfestasi Gyrodactylus diambil dan diamati gejala klinis, penentuan derajat infestasi serta dilakukan pengamatan patologi anatomi dan histopatologi insang. Hasil pengamatan sampel menunjukkan pada tingkat infestasi ringan dan berat, kerusakan yang ditimbulkan antara lain hiperplasia, hipertropi dan hemoragi. Sedangkan ikan mas normal menunjukkan gambaran histopatologi insang yang normal.
Reorientasi Kebijakan Luar Negeri Republik Korea terhadap Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea dalam Upaya Reunifikasi (2017-2019)
Authors: Nadhiva Faizah , Dewi Anggia Utami , Suryadipura Dadan
Published: April 2020

Setelah adanya pemilihan presiden di Republik Korea pada tahun 2017, terdapat reorientasi yang ditunjukkan dalam kebijakan luar negeri Republik Korea terhadap Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea dalam konteks upaya reunifikasi. Reorientasi yang dibentuk oleh Moon Jae In menunjukkan adanya perubahan dalam hubungan antar-Korea dan juga adanya upaya reunifikasi yang berbeda dengan pemerintahan sebelumnya, menandakan adanya perkembangan dinamis di Semenanjung Korea. Dengan menggunakan konsep orientasi dari K.J. Holsti, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan bagaimana bentuk reorientasi kebijakan luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh Republik Korea terhadap Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea dalam upaya reunifikasi tahun 2017-2019. Dalam penelitian ini, pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan pengumpulan data dari wawancara dengan pakar-pakar hubungan antar-Korea, dokumen primer berupa kebijakan-kebijakan Republik Korea, dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari peneltian ini menemukan bahwa adanya kecenderungan Republik Korea untuk mengubah reorientasi kebijakan luar negerinya ke dalam bentuk “non-alignment diversification” yang kemudian membentuk dinamika hubungan kedua Korea kembali ke tahap rekonsiliasi dan kerjasama. Kata-kata kunci: Kebijakan luar negeri, Republik Korea, Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea, Reorientasi, Reunifikasi.
Évolution des productions animales terrestres et aquacoles dans le monde : tendances globales et implications économiques, sociales et environnementales
Authors: Gerber P. , Brugère C. , Ankers P.
Published: April 2020

Les productions animales sont engagées dans un rapide processus de croissance et de transformation. Cette tendance devrait se maintenir dans les prochaines décennies, principalement alimentée par la croissance du pouvoir d’achat des populations urbaines. L’analyse comparée de l’élevage et de l’aquaculture fait émerger des similitudes et des différences entre ces deux formes de production animale. Les productions de volailles et de poissons omnivores sont en très forte croissance, répondant de manière particulièrement efficace à la demande. Elles sont basées sur des espèces ayant un cycle reproductif court et des aliments à haute valeur nutritive, et leurs produits sont souvent substituables. Du point de vue du taux de conversion alimentaire, la production de poissons carnivores peut quant à elle être comparée aux formes intensifiées de production de ruminants. Ces espèces sont en effet moins efficaces quant à la conversion d’aliments et requièrent des volumes (ruminants) ou des qualités (poissons carnivores) d’aliments supérieurs par unité de produit. La particularité des espèces ruminantes est toutefois de pouvoir se nourrir entièrement de ressources végétales sans valeur nutritive pour l’Homme. La croissance de la demande globale et la compétition accrue pour les ressources naturelles forcent les deux sous-secteurs à s’adapter et à produire mieux avec moins. Les productions animales, de par leur forte croissance et leur rapide transformation ont souvent devancé le développement de politiques publiques. Ce processus s’est parfois traduit par une mauvaise gestion des biens publics et requiert le développement de politiques et institutions adaptées.
Ressources tropicales : disponibilité et valeur alimentaire
Authors: ARCHIMÈDE H. , BASTIANELLI D. , BOVAL M. , TRAN G. , SAUVANT D.
Published: April 2020

La disponibilité et les facteurs de variation de la valeur alimentaire des ressources végétales tropicales et des sous-produits de l’agro-industrie sont présentés dans cette synthèse. Les ressources alimentaires utilisées sont très variées (herbes, arbres fourragers, céréales, tubercules, coproduits de culture, sous-produits de l’agro-industrie) à l’image de la grande diversité des systèmes de production plus ou moins intensifiés, avec un niveau d’intégration variable des cultures et de l’élevage. Les matières premières peuvent être identiques à celles utilisées dans les zones tempérées (soja, maïs), notamment dans les ateliers modernes. Elles peuvent aussi se singulariser par leur origine botanique (sorgho, tubercules, fourrages, arbres fourragers), leur composition (présence fréquente de métabolites secondaires) et les traitements technologiques (coproduits d’industries agroalimentaires artisanales) qu’elles ont pu subir. Il y a une grande variabilité de la valeur alimentaire intra et inter-ressources. Quelle que soit l’espèce animale considérée, des ressources aux valeurs énergétiques élevées similaires ou proches d’homologues tempérés sont disponibles. Les nombreuses ressources «protéiques» ont en revanche des valeurs qui ne « rivalisent » qu’exceptionnellement avec le soja. Des stratégies particulières d’utilisation de certaines ressources sont nécessaires du fait de la présence de métabolites secondaires aux activités antinutritionnelles. En intra-ressource, les variabilités induites par la gestion (âge du fourrage, mode d’alimentation…) et la technologie utilisée (élimination de facteurs antinutritionnels, mode d’extraction, usinage des grains de céréales) qui affectent aussi bien la valeur énergétique que protéique, sont souvent supérieures à celles résultant de la génétique. Des ressources de bonne valeur alimentaire sont donc disponibles en zone tropicale à condition d’y appliquer la bonne gestion et de choisir l’espèce animale adéquate pour leur valorisation. L’information accumulée sur la valeur alimentaire des ressources tropicales est abondante. L’accès aux données n’est pas toujours aisé du fait des stratégies de publication souvent ciblée sur l’échelle régionale. L’information peut être partielle (certains critères de la composition chimique). Les résultats peuvent être fortement liés au contexte dans lequel ces données ont été produites ce qui limite leur généralisation. Une étape importante pour l’avenir serait le regroupement de ces données avec la perspective de dégager des lois générales tel que permet de l’envisager le projet en cours de tables de valeur alimentaire (AFZ-INRA-CIRAD).
Spécificités de la santé animale en régions chaudes : le cas des maladies infectieuses majeures en Afrique
Authors: LANCELOT R. , ZUNDEL E. , DUCROT C.
Published: April 2020

Les spécificités de la santé animale en Afrique, exemple de zone à régions chaudes, tiennent à la fois aux caractéristiques climatiques et environnementales, aux systèmes d’élevage extensifs et à la mobilité animale (transhumance, commerce), ainsi qu’au contexte socio-économique difficile, avec des services vétérinaires disposant de moyens insuffisants. Les conditions d’élevage et la mobilité animale contribuent à la diffusion de maladies à transmission directe, comme la péripneumonie contagieuse bovine ou la peste des petits ruminants. L’environnement conditionne la biologie des vecteurs (insectes, tiques), donc la diffusion de maladies à transmission vectorielle. Certaines sont spécifiques à l’Afrique, comme les trypanosomoses humaines et animales. D’autres, comme la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, dont le virus causal est transmis par de nombreuses espèces de moustiques, sont en pleine émergence. Elles sont susceptibles de coloniser d’autres écosystèmes via le commerce de bétail : ainsi cette maladie a été introduite sur la péninsule arabique et s’y est installée. La fragilité socio-économique de l’Afrique la rend plus vulnérable que les autres continents aux émergences de maladies animales, ensuite potentiellement exportables, liées aux changements climatiques et environnementaux, à l’accroissement démographique et à l’intensification des échanges internationaux et des voyages. L’amélioration de la situation sanitaire passe par la définition et la mise en œuvre au plan régional, avec une coordination continentale et internationale, d’une stratégie de lutte intégrée ; elle devrait s’appuyer sur des réseaux de surveillance et de recherche afin de mieux apprécier les évolutions épidémiologiques, et de disposer d’outils de diagnostic et de contrôle (vaccins, insecticides…) plus efficaces.
Elevage et qualité des produits en régions chaudes
Authors: FAYE B. , ALEXANDRE G. , BONNET P. , BOUTONNET J.P. , CARDINALE E. , DUTEURTRE G. , LOISEAU G. , MONTET D. , MOUROT J. , REGINA F.
Published: April 2020

Les exigences de la qualité relèvent des mêmes droits des consommateurs au Sud comme au Nord. Toutefois le contexte des pays du Sud tant en termes de conditions climatiques que sociologiques ou économiques induit des positionnements différenciés. Les contextes du Sud renvoient à la nécessité de mettre en place des systèmes de contrôle parfois spécifiques et de réfléchir à l’obligation d’établir des normes en fonction des marchés visés. La caractérisation des produits animaux spécifiques aux pays tropicaux (par exemple la viande des animaux créoles aux Antilles ou lait de chamelle au Moyen-Orient) est une étape pour aborder justement la question des normes applicables dans les pays du Sud. La qualité devient dès lors une construction sociale pouvant efficacement s’appuyer sur une approche participative impliquant tous les acteurs d’une filière. Enfin, il convient de distinguer les niches du marché visé, international, local ou régional, les pays du Sud sachant s’adapter en fonction de ceux-ci comme le montre l’exemple du marché du bétail de l’Afrique Australe.
Élevages et sociétés : les rôles multiples de l’élevage dans les pays tropicaux
Authors: ALARY V. , DUTEURTRE G. , FAYE B.
Published: April 2020

Par sa faculté à se développer dans des espaces restreints ou dans des milieux agro-écologiques difficiles, l’élevage constitue une opportunité pour une très grande diversité de groupes sociaux dans presque tous les milieux géographiques. Objet de nombreux échanges économiques, sous forme de troc ou d’échanges monétaires, l’élevage génère aussi des prestations sociales sous forme de dons, d’héritages ou de confiages. L’activité d’élevage permet ainsi dans de nombreux contextes la structuration de réseaux sociaux qui participent à la solidarité et à la sécurité des groupes humains, et constitue un facteur important de renforcement des actifs économiques et du capital social des familles. L’élevage est ainsi un objet complexe aux rôles multiples qui constituent autant d’atouts ou d’opportunités pour les éleveurs. Mais cette multifonctionnalité explique aussi que l’élevage soit au cœur de nombreux enjeux de développement pour les régions, à l’interface entre les objectifs de sécurité alimentaire et les objectifs de développement humain, environnemental et sociétal. Le rôle de l’élevage est ainsi l’objet de controverses qui s’expriment notamment au niveau des familles d’éleveurs, mais aussi au niveau des économies locales et nationales. Cette revue du rôle de l’élevage dans les sociétés du Sud montre en quoi l’élevage constitue un moyen de lutte contre la pauvreté dans des milieux agro-écologiques ou sociaux contraints sans pour autant négliger le
L’acclimatation embryonnaire : une technique innovante pour limiter les mortalités liées au stress thermique chez le poulet
Authors: COLLIN A. , BEDRANI L. , LOYAU T. , MIGNON-GRASTEAU S. , METAYER-COUSTARD S. , PRAUD C. , DE BASILIO V. , REQUENA RODON F. , BASTIANELLI D. , DUCLOS M.J. , TESSERAUD S. , BERRI C. , YAHAV S.
Published: April 2020

Les poulets à croissance rapide sont sensibles à la chaleur en période de finition. En effet, leur sélection pour la croissance a favorisé la masse musculaire au détriment d’organes impliqués dans la thermorégulation. Ceci peut se traduire par des baisses de performances en cas de chaleur modérée et chronique, mais également des problèmes de bien-être et des mortalités lors d’un coup de chaleur. Durant la dernière décennie les efforts ont porté sur l’acclimatation à la chaleur pendant la période périnatale, notamment pendant l’embryogenèse. Cette stratégie nécessite de mettre au point les conditions d’incubation (température, phase de l’embryogenèse, durée d’exposition…) qui favorisent la thermotolérance jusqu’en finition. Les conséquences sur les performances des poulets (croissance, qualité de viande…) sont évaluées. L’acclimatation périnatale met en jeu des mécanismes de régulation épigénétiques qui modulent à long terme la température interne des volailles. A terme, si cette technique se révélait applicable à grande échelle, elle pourrait favoriser la robustesse et le bien-être des volailles face aux variations de températures, tout en préservant leurs performances zootechniques. Dans cet article, sont rappelés les principales techniques d’exposition thermique embryonnaire et les fondements physiologiques de leur mise en œuvre. Sont évoquées ensuite les voies de recherche concernant la compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu et l’intérêt potentiel de cette technique pour la filière avicole.
Hommage à Robert Ortavant
Authors: CHEMINEAU P. , CORNU C. , COUROT M. , DAVEAU A. , GRENIER N. , HOCHEREAU-DE REVIERS M.T. , MALPAUX B. , PELLETIER J. , THIMONIER J. , VOLLAND-NAIL P.
Published: April 2020

Robert Ortavant est décédé le 24 janvier 2011. Il fut l’un des pionniers de la physiologie de la reproduction des mammifères domestiques à l’INRA et en France. Tous ceux qui l’ont connu, se souviennent de sa puissance scientifique, de la rigueur de son raisonnement et de la précision qu’il développait dans l’expérimentation. Ils se rappellent également l’homme qu’il était avant tout, le soin qu’il apportait aux relations humaines, toujours soucieux de convaincre plutôt que d’imposer et de contribuer aux bonnes conditions matérielles de ceux qui étaient sous sa responsabilité. Quand il donnait sa confiance, elle était totale, et cela permettait à ses collaborateurs de travailler dans les meilleures conditions.
Analyse de la mortalité bovine en France de 2003 à 2009
Authors: PERRIN J.B. , DUCROT C. , VINARD J.L. , HENDRIKX P. , CALAVAS D.
Published: April 2020

La mortalité bovine est un problème important, tant au plan économique que du point de vue du bien-être animal. Nous avons analysé les données enregistrées dans la base de données nationale d’identification de 2003 à 2009, décrivant la carrière d’environ 75 millions de bovins, afin de fournir des statistiques fiables de la mortalité bovine en France. Les résultats de cette étude constituent un référentiel pouvant être utilisé pour évaluer des situations observées en élevage.
En moyenne sur cette période, le risque de mortalité périnatale des mâles et des femelles atteignait respectivement 7,9% et 6,0% dans le cheptel laitier, et 4,7% et 3,2% dans le cheptel allaitant. Le risque de mortalité annuel moyen des animaux de plus de deux ans était de 3,5% chez les laitiers et de 2,0% chez les allaitants. La mortalité des bovins laitiers était significativement plus élevée que celle des allaitants pour les dix classes d’âge étudiées, sauf celle de un à deux ans. La modélisation des données hebdomadaires a permis de décrire la saisonnalité des taux de mortalité, qui était différente selon le sous-groupe populationnel considéré. Les taux de mortalité des veaux de moins de sept jours présentaient notamment deux pics d’ampleur équivalente (en décembre et juillet), tandis que les autres classes d’âge présentaient un pic principal en hiver, visiblement associé chez les adultes au pic de vêlage. Les résultats de cette modélisation ont par ailleurs révélé une augmentation significative des taux de mortalité de 2003 à 2009, probablement en partie due à l’épizootie de fièvre catarrhale ovine qui s’est propagée en France en 2007-2008. L’augmentation des taux de mortalité bovine a déjà été constatée dans de nombreux pays, suggérant la nécessité de mettre en place des mesures correctrices.
Origines alimentaires et digestion des nutriments chez le veau préruminant
Authors: GAUTIER F. , LABUSSIÈRE E.
Published: April 2020

L’essentiel des nutriments nécessaires pour couvrir les besoins nutritionnels du veau préruminant est apporté par l’aliment d’allaitement formulé à base de diverses matières premières d’origine animale ou végétale. La connaissance de leur digestibilité est primordiale pour rationnaliser leur emploi. Cette synthèse fait le point sur les différentes sources de protéines, de matières grasses et de glucides utilisées dans les aliments d’allaitements des veux de boucherie. A partir de la description des processus digestifs pour les protéines, les lipides et les glucides dans le cas particulier du veau de boucherie, cette synthèse bibliographique montre que les matières premières d’origine laitière (poudre de lait écrémé, poudre de lactosérum, lactose) sont en général très bien digérées par le veau préruminant avec des coefficients d’utilisation digestive apparente supérieurs à 90% pour tous les nutriments. L’utilisation digestive d’autres matières premières, comme les concentrats de soja, les concentrés protéiques de pomme de terre ou le gluten de blé est plus variable, dépendant largement des traitements technologiques qui sont appliqués. Cependant, les valeurs de digestibilités sont élevées et indiquent que les matières premières d’origine végétale sont des alternatives intéressantes en substitution aux produits laitiers, surtout au-delà du premier mois de vie de l’animal.
Father Verspieren and Mali Aqua Viva: Lessons Learned from Fighting Drought and Poverty with Photovoltaic Solar Energy in Africa
Authors: Pagliaro Mario
Published: April 2020

Almost fifty years after the first installations, I identify the main lessons learned from fighting drought and poverty in Africa with direct solar-powered pumps thanks to Father Bernard Verspieren and Mali Aqua Viva. Six main findings and three main recommendations emerge from the present analysis. They are of direct relevance to all Africa’s countries whose population has gone from 438 million in 1977 to 1,308 million in 2019, with about 600 million still having no access to electricity. In place of “awareness campaigns” and extraordinary courses held by international organizations, I recommend to establish national solar energy institutes whose task will include the education of solar energy professionals giving practice-oriented workshops on solar-powered drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting throughout each Africa’s country. Said education will critically include the economic and social aspects of distributed “generation” of energy and water from sunlight and rainfall.
Varroa destructor: A Complex Parasite, Crippling Honey bees Worldwide
Authors: Traynor Kirsten , Mondet Fanny , R. de Miranda Jaochim , Techer Maeva , Kowallik Vienna , Oddie Melissa , Chantawannakul Panuwan , McAfee Alison
Published: April 2020

The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, has shaken the beekeeping and pollination industries since its spread from its native host, the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana), to the naïve European honey bee (A. mellifera) used commercially for pollination and honey production around the globe. Varroa is the greatest threat to honey bee health. Worrying observations include increasing acaricide resistance in the varroa population and sinking economic treatment thresholds, suggesting that the mites or their vectored viruses are becoming more virulent. Highly infested weak colonies facilitate mite dispersal and disease transmission to stronger and healthier colonies. Here, we review recent developments in the biology, pathology and management of varroa, and integrate older knowledge that is less well known.
High Risk COVID-19: Potential Intervention at Multiple Points in the COVID-19 Disease Process Via Prophylactic Treatment with Azithromycin or Bee Derived Products
Authors: Block Janice
Published: April 2020

The pharmacology of azithromycin, and the actions of certain bee products, suggest the possibility of overlap with the pathophysiology of COVID-19 at several points in the disease process. First, intercellular epithelial tight junctions of the respiratory tract serve as a critical barrier to invaders. Pathophysiological factors capable of disrupting this epithelial barrier include viral virulence factors such as those observed for other coronaviruses; virulence factors derived from potentially synergistic pathogens such as Candida albicans and Porphyramonas gingivalis; and imbalances in the host inflammatory response. Azithromycin, and to a lesser extent, certain bee products, appear to have actions that oppose such processes. Second, the matrikine PGP or its derivatives may contribute to risk in individuals at high risk for serious COVID-19 infection, especially during reactivation; but azithromycin is capable of modulating PGP in some contexts. Third, the most serious COVID-19 infections are associated with massive upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF alpha, and other inflammatory cytokines. The anti inflammatory actions of azithromycin and bee derived products such as melittin are potentially capable of modulating these processes, as well. Azithromycin is already in current use as a treatment for COVID-19; however, it's utility as a protector of epithelial barrier function would be most likely to be realized in prophylactic context rather than in a treatment context. Similarly, since the anti inflammatory effects of bee products take time, their effectiveness of melittin and other bee products would be expected to be maximized in a prophylactic context. In the context of the current pandemic, prophylaxis with azithromycin, bee products, or both, might be warranted for individuals at high risk for serious COVID-19 infection.
Computational Screening of Molecules Approved in Phase-I Clinical Trials to Identify 3CL Protease Inhibitors to Treat COVID-19
Authors: Sahu Kamlesh , Noskov Sergei , Tuszynski Jack , Houghton Michael , Tyrrell Lorne
Published: April 2020

Ligand and structure based virtual screening approaches were applied to clinical stage drugs as well as those approved for human use in an attempt to repurpose drugs for potential use against COVID-19. This approach involved ligand-based shape similarity searches, structure-based docking and pharmacophore searches with the help of pharmacophore queries derived from available ligands and receptor structures. Several compounds appeared as hits in pharmacophore and shape similarity searches and those docking to the SARS-CoV-2 viral 3CL protease were then ranked on the basis of docking scores.
Optic Nerve Crush Activates the Genomic Fabrics of the Complement Cascade and Delta-Notch Signaling
Authors: Victorino Pedro Henrique , Marra Camila , Iacobas Dumitru Andrei , Iacobas Sanda , Spray David C , Linden Rafael , Adesse Daniel , Petrs-Silva Hilda
Published: April 2020

Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, characterized by degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). There has been little progress in developing efficient strategies for neuroprotection in glaucoma. We profiled the retina transcriptome of Lister Hooded rats at 2 weeks after optic nerve crush (ONC) and applied systems biology approaches to better understand the molecular mechanisms related with the retinal remodeling after induction of RGC degeneration. We observed a higher Relative Expression Variability after ONC. Gene expression stability was used as a measure of transcription control and disclosed a robust reduction in the number of very stably expressed genes. Enrichment analysis showed that Complement cascade and Notch signaling pathway were the main affected pathways after ONC. To expand our studies of these two pathways, we examined the coordination of gene expressions within each pathway and with the entire transcriptome. ONC increased the number of synergistically coordinated pairs of genes and the number of similar profiles. This study provided novel findings beyond the regulation of individual gene expression and disclosed changes in the control of expression by Complement cascade and Notch signaling functional pathways important for both RGC degeneration and remodeling of the retinal tissue after ONC.
COVID-19: A Conundrum to Decipher
Authors: Deshmukh Vishwajit , Tripathi Satyendra C. , Pandey Arvind , Deshmukh Vaishnavi , Patil Ashlesh , Sontakke Bharat
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE: Recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), another member of coronavirus family is an ongoing worldwide life-threatening crisis. The early diagnosis and management of the disease remains a major challenge. In this review, we aim to summarize the updated epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad search of the literature was performed in “PubMed” “Medline” “Web of knowledge”, and “Google Scholar” World Health Organization-WHO” using the key words “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus”, “SARS”, “SARS-CoV-2” “Epidemiology” “Transmission” “Pathogenesis” “Clinical Characteristics”. We reviewed and documented the information attained from literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical appearances of SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: The global cases of COVID-19 till 30th March 2020 have rose more than 700,000 and morbidity has gone more than 37,000. The infection rate for COVID-19 has been predicted to be higher than the previous outbreaks of same family members, that includes the SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The main clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic stages to severe lower respiratory infection in the form of pneumonia. Most of the patients also presented with fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, myalgia and breathlessness. High risk includes elderly people and patients with weak immune system or suffering from chronic medical condition like hypertension, diabetes, cancer, respiratory illness and cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-Cov-2 has emerged as a worldwide threat, affecting almost each and every country on globe. As there is still growing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to its virology, epidemiology and clinical management strategies, we need to learn our lessons to conceive comprehensive measures to prevent such outbreaks in future.
COVID-19: A Conundrum to Decipher
Authors: Deshmukh Vishwajit , Tripathi Satyendra C. , Pandey Arvind , Deshmukh Vaishnavi , Patil Ashlesh , Sontakke Bharat , Vykoukal Jody
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE: Recent worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a current, ongoing life-threatening crisis and international public health emergency. The early diagnosis and management of the disease remains a major challenge. In this review, we aim to summarize the updated epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad search of the literature was performed in “PubMed” “Medline” “Web of knowledge”, and “Google Scholar” World Health Organization-WHO” using the keywords “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “COVID-19, “SARS”, “SARS-CoV-2” “Epidemiology” “Transmission” “Pathogenesis” “Clinical Characteristics”. We reviewed and documented the information obtained from literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical appearances of SARS-CoV-2 infection.RESULTS: The global cases of COVID-19 as of April 2, 2020 have risen to more than 900,000 and morbidity has reached more than 47,000. The incidence rate for COVID-19 has been predicted to be higher than the previous outbreaks of other coronavirus family members, including those of SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The main clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from asymptomatic stages to severe lower respiratory infection in the form of pneumonia. Most of the patients also presented with fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, myalgia and breathlessness.Individuals at higher risk for severe illness include elderly people and patients with a weakened immune system or that are suffering from a underlying chronic medical condition like hypertension, diabetes, cancer, respiratory illness or cardiovascular diseases.CONCLUSIONS: SARS-Cov-2 has emerged as a worldwide threat, currently affecting 170 countries and territories across the globe. There is still much to be understood regarding SARS-CoV-2 about its virology, epidemiology and clinical management strategies; this knowledge will be essential to both manage the current pandemic and to conceive comprehensive measures to prevent such outbreaks in the future.
Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Residual Displacement and Ductility in Ratcheting and Shakedown of an Aluminium Beam
Authors: Palladino Simone , Esposito Luca , Ferla Paolo , Totaro Elena , Zona Renato , Minutolo Vincenzo
Published: April 2020

Safety assessment of structures can be obtained by means of limit design in order to overcome uncertainties concerning actual response due to inelastic constitutive behaviour and more generally to non-linear structural response and loads’ random variability. The limit analysis is used for evaluating the safety of the structures directly starting from load level without any knowledge of the load history. In the paper, the lower bound calculation is proposed based on permanent strain parametric description of the residual stress. The strategy allows considering the permanent strain as the effective parameters of the procedure and can be used to control the ductility requirements until complete load program develops. In this way one can control if the structure can develop entirely its possibility of plastic adaptation up to required load level. The procedure is compared to experimental results obtained on aluminium beams in shake down.
Evidence of Time Evolution in Quantum Gravity
Authors: Cherkas Sergey , Kalashnikov Vladimir
Published: April 2020

We argue that the problem of time is not a crucial issue inherent in the quantum picture of the universe evolution. On the minisuperspace model example with the massless scalar field, we demonstrate four approaches to the description of quantum evolution, which give similar results explicitly. The relevance of these approaches to building a quantum theory of gravity is discussed.
Sentiment Analysis of Tweets in Saudi Arabia Regarding Governmental Preventive Measures to Contain COVID-19
Authors: Alhajji Mohammed , Al Khalifah Abdullah , Aljubran Mohammed , Alkhalifah Mohammed
Published: April 2020

Background: Countries around the world are facing extraordinary challenges in implementing various measures to slow down the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Guided by international recommendations, Saudi Arabia has implemented a series of infection control measures after the detection of the first confirmed case in the country. However, in order for these measures to be effective, public attitudes and compliance must be conducive as perceived risk is strongly associated with health behaviors. The primary objective of this study is to assess Saudis’ attitudes towards COVID-19 preventive measures to guide future health communication content. Methods: Naïve Bayes machine learning model was used to run Arabic sentiment analysis of Twitter posts through the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) library in Python. Tweets containing hashtags pertaining to seven public health measures imposed by the government were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 53,127 tweets were analyzed. All measures, except one, showed more positive tweets than negative. Measures that pertain to religious practices showed the most positive sentiment. Discussion: Saudi Twitter users showed support and positive attitudes towards the infection control measures to combat COVID-19. It is postulated that this conducive public response is reflective of the overarching, longstanding popular confidence in the government. Religious notions may also play a positive role in preparing believers at times of crises. Findings of this study broadened our understanding to develop proper public health messages and promote stronger compliance with control measures to control COVID-19.
Path and Control Planning for Autonomous Vehicles in Restricted Space and Low Speed
Authors: Diachuk Maksym , Easa Said , Bannis Joel
Published: April 2020

The paper presents models of path and control planning for parking, docking, and movement of autonomous vehicles at low speeds considering space constraints. Given the low speed of motion, and in order to test and approve the proposed algorithms, vehicle kinematic models are used. Recent works on the development of parking algorithms for autonomous vehicles are reviewed. Bicycle kinematic models for vehicle motion are considered for three basic types of vehicles: passenger car, long wheelbase truck, and articulated vehicles with and without steered semitrailer axes. Mathematical descriptions of systems of differential equations in matrix form and expressions for determining the linearization elements of nonlinear motion equations that increase the speed of finding the optimal solution are presented. Options are proposed for describing the interaction of vehicle overall dimensions with the space boundaries, within which a maneuver should be performed. An original algorithm that considers numerous constraints is developed for determining vehicle permissible positions within the closed boundaries of the parking area, which are directly used in the iterative process of searching for the optimal plan solution using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). The process of using NMPC to find the best trajectories and control laws while moving in a semi-limited space of constant curvature (turnabouts, roundabouts) are described. Simulation tests were used to validate the proposed models for both constrained and unconstrained conditions and the output (state-space) and control parameters' dependencies are shown. The proposed models represent an initial effort to model the movement of autonomous vehicles for parking and has the potential for other highway applications.
Effect of Salinity and Nitrogen Sources on Leaf Quality, Biomass, and Metabolic Responses of Two Ecotypes of Portulaca oleracea
Authors: Camalle Maria , Standing Dominic , Jitan Mohammed , Muhaisen Rana , Bader Nidal , Bsoul Majed , Ventura Yvonne , Soltabayeva Aigerim , Sagi Moshe
Published: April 2020

Halophytic plants are, by definition, well adapted to saline soils. However, even halophytes can face nutritional imbalance and accumulation of high levels of compounds such as oxalic acid (OA), and nitrate (NO3¯). These compounds compromise the potential nutritional health benefits associated with salt tolerant plants such as Portulaca oleracea. Thus, preventing the accumulation of non-nutritional compounds will allow plants to be grown in saline conditions as crops. To this end, two ecotypes (ET and RN) of Portulaca oleracea plants were grown under growth room conditions with two levels of salinity (0, 50 mM NaCl) and three ratios of nitrate: ammonium (0:100%; 33:66%; 25:75% NO3¯:NH4+). The results showed that both ecotypes exposed to elevated NO3¯, showed severe leaf chlorosis, high levels of OA, citric acid, and malic acid, while plants of ecotype ET exposed to elevated NH4+ concentrations (33% and 75%) and 50 mM NaCl displayed a marked reduction in OA content, increased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, crude protein content, total fatty acid (TFA) and α-Linolenic acid (ALA) thus enhancing leaf quality. This opens the potential to grow high biomass, low OA P. oleracae crops. Lastly, our experiments suggest that ecotype ET copes with saline conditions and elevated NH4+ through shifts in leaf metabolites.
Reflections on Pandemics, Civil Infrastructure and Sustainable Development: Five Lessons from COVID-19 through the Lens of Transportation
Authors: Amekudzi-Kennedy Adjo , Labi Samuel , Woodall Brian , Chester Mikhail , Singh Prerna
Published: April 2020

Humanity’s social and economic development has been challenged by a range of adversities over the millennia that have caused widespread and unimaginable suffering. At the same time, these challenges have forced humans to evolve more wisely, overcoming adversity through creativity and leading to advancements in science and technology, medicine, ethics and legal systems, and socio-political systems. The dynamics of risks and opportunities caused by COVID-19, in the built, cyber, social and economic environments, present opportunities for deepening our understanding of resilient and sustainable development and infrastructure. This article reflects on five lessons that COVID-19 is teaching us about what it means to develop sustainably through the lens of transportation: (1) sustainable development planning and analytical frameworks must be comprehensive, for long-term sustainability; (2) multi-modal transportation is a superior vision for sustainable development than any one particular mode; (3) tele-activities are part of an effective infrastructure sustainability strategy; (4) economic capital is critically important to sustainable development even when it is not a critical existential threat, and, (5) effective social capital is essential in global disaster resistance and recovery, and can and must be leveraged between fast-moving and slow-moving disasters. Resilient and sustainable infrastructure will continue to be critical to addressing evolving natural and man-made hazards in the 21st Century.