bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pendidikan sebagai Strategi dalam Menjalin Kerjasama Sekolah dengan Wali Murid
Authors: Zakia Hanifa
Published: July 2019

Includes data management and data storage management is done simply where data is only stored in excel. It looks less effective and efficient in technology’s development. Now, in Education, the lack of good cooperation between the school and parents to support the application of management information systems to improve quality of education. This is the implementation of Management Information System is already being adopted by schools, especially in SMP N 1 Talamau. The researcher use field research method that is qualitative research. The outcomes are that existing management information systems already meet the standards, both in terms of the student, curriculum, human resources, the facilities and the quality of the user, who is able to manage the activities that exist in the school. And then, the role of parents is also important in implementing management information systems to improve the quality of education. SMP N 1 Talamau applies a specific strategy that utilizes information technology-based Management Information Systems, namely an information and consultation room that functions as a consultation center between the school and parents and gives access to parents to see the development of students Academic values.
Influence of Celebrity Endorser, Attractiveness and Packaging Impressions on Interest in Watching Pesbukers ANTV
Authors: Kharisma  , Fadillah Adil
Published: July 2019

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES is to determine the effect of Celebrity Endorser,Impressions Attractiveness, Impression packaging and Interest in Watching of PesbukersANTV Television program(1) to know the effect of Celebrity Endorser to Interest in Watch(2) to know the effect of Impressions Attractiveness to Interest in Watch (3) to determine theeffect of Impressions Packaging to Interest in Watch (4). The number of respondents in thisstudy amounted to 100 respondents taken from students / I Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu EkonomiKesatuan Bogor. This research data in though by using SPSS. RESEARCH METHODS usedis to use quantitative research that places the celebrity endorser, Attractiveness Impressions,and packaging Impression as independent variable and interest in watching as a dependentvariable. With primary data used is questionnaires distributed to selected respondents andprocessed the results with statistical calculations. RESULTS Y =-0,820+ + +0,353X3+Which in this case means if the celebrity endorser is 1 (one) then the interest in watchingvalue will be 0,207. If the attractiveness imprression is 1 (one) then the interest in watchingwill be 0,568. If the packaging impression is 1 (one) then the interest in watching will be0,353.Keywords: Celebrity Endorser, Attractiveness Impressions, packaging Impression, Interestin Watching
EFECTIVITY OF COST CONTROLLING AND WORKING CAPITAL TURN-OVER OF ECONOMICAL RENTABILITY
Authors: SADIQAH AMATUS SYAKUR , Supriadi Yoyon
Published: July 2019

Capital adequacy can be done in many ways, such as by owned-self company capital contaied of fee balanced, stock holder’s capital, and both of them. Beside supported by right fullfillment of network capital, in order to develop the company in better ways , the efectivity, efeciency and productiveness will be very influencing the company.The purpose of this research it to knowing the efectivity of capital maintenance, turnover rate of capital networking and economical rentability of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. to determine the effect of cost control and turnover rate capital networking to economical rentability of PT PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk.From the result of 12 years analysis, the effectivity of cost control of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. produce an average of 33,8% bigger than PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. which produce only 30.5%. the working capital turnover of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. produce an average of 4.99 times much bigger than PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. which only produce an average of 2.87 times. And for the rentability, PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. produce 23.07% bigger than PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. which produce an average of 14.5%. the statistic result by using SPSS Ver.20.0 application, explained that the effectiveness effect of OPM’s cost control and working capital tunover to economical rentability of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk.For PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk, are advices in order to press the cost of its operatios and selling cost to gain more profits. Beside that, the companies are advices in order to accelerate their networking capital , so that the companies activities can work properly by increasing its selling chart and press selling cost will gain the profits to maximum.Keywords: cost control effectivity, working capital turnover, economical rentability.
PENGARUH KEBISINGAN LALU LINTAS JALAN RAYA TERHADAP KONSENTRASI BELAJAR DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Ayu Rahma Dewi
Published: July 2019

Pesatnya perkembangan kota menyebabkan kebutuhan sarana transportasi meningkat. Meningkatnya volume kendaraan dan kecepatan kendaraan tentu menimbulkan dampak terhadap lingkungan sekitar berupa kebisingan lalulintas yang dapat memberikan dampak kebisingan pada kawasan pendidikan. Kebisingan merupakan bunyi yang tidak diinginkan dari suatu usaha atau kegiatan dalam tingkat dan waktu tertentu dapat menibulkan gangguan kesehatan pada manusia dan kenyamanan lingkungan, selain itu kebisingan dapat menimbulkan gangguan fisiologis dan psikologis pada manusia. Proses belajar mengajar akan berjalan dengan baik dan optimal apabila terhindar dari fator luar, salah satunya yaitu kebisingan. Berdasarkan KepMen LH No.48 Tahun 1996 tentang Baku Tingkat Kebisingan, untuk kawasan pendidikan tidak diperbolehkan melebihi 55 dB. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kebisingan lalulintas khususnya terhadap konsentrasi belajar siswa. Tingkat kebisingan diukur berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 48 Tahun 1996 Tentang Baku Tingkat Kebisingan, yang dilakukan dengan mencatat data tiap 5 detik selama 10 menit di beberapa titik. Berdasarkan data yang telah diperoleh, 48% responden merasa konsentrasi terganggu saat kebisingan terjadi.
VALUATION OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND STOCK PERFORMANCE (Case Study PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk)
Authors: Nurunniza Yuniza , Supriadi Yoyon
Published: July 2019

The main purpose of a company is to prosper the shareholders. The shareholders will get profit from the company they own after one year of operation by selling their products or services. Therefore, company’s manager has responsibility to regulate the company to be profitable and needs to know and analyze how was the company has performed for period of time so the manager could correct mistakes in the decision making and maintain the company’s strengths. Besides the company’s manager, the shareholders also need to know about how the company’s performance to monitor whether investments they have is need to defend or could be abandoned. Succeed or not the management of a company written in annual report contained financial report or financial statement. Company and the shareholders need to understand the valuation of financial performance from the financial statement which are financing, asset management and profitability, also stock performance which consider the share market price in the stock exchange. This financial and share performance research is studied to PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk in cement industry who has gotten loss for two years, then compare with companies in the same subsector in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The used research data is financial report for year 2012 until 2016 which are secondary data obtained from Indonesia Stock Exchange. The result of the research shows that compare to the companies in the same industry, PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk from 2012 until 2016 has decreased performance escpecially in profitability. It was caused of the sales were not optimal and cost inefficiency, that caused stock price is declining. During those five years, PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk expanded it’s company which is financed by debt, so PT Holcim Indonesia being a company that the operation dominant use of debt. Keywords : Profitability, Asset Management, Financing, Stock
Perilaku Pembelian Pelanggan Ritel
Authors: Fadillah Adil
Published: July 2019

Siapakah konsumen itu?Konsumen adalah individu, rumah tangga atau suatu organisasi yang terlibat secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam mencari, mengevaluasi, memutuskan, membeli, menggunakan dan menghabiskan suatu produk berupa barang atau jasa yang mereka harapkan akan memuaskan kebutuhan mereka.Proses Pembelian dimulai ketika konsumen mengenali adanya kebutuhan yang belum terpenuhi.Kemudian mereka mulai mencari informasi tentang cara memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut: Produk apa yang akan memberi manfaat dan bagaimana cara memperolehnya…Lalu konsumen mengevaluasi berbagai alternatif produk melalui ritel, katalog dan internet. Dan memilih salah satu di antaranyaSetelah mengevaluasi, konsumen membuat keputusan pembelian pada suatu ritel atau ritel yang lain yang cocok.Pada suatu kondisi, konsumen akan sangat mempertimbangkan ritel dan produk yang akan dibeli. Hal ini akan membutuhkan waktu.
ANALYSIS OF NET WORKING CAPITAL TURNOVER AND TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER AGAINST RETURN ON INVESTMENT
Authors: RAHAYU AYU , Supriadi Yoyon
Published: July 2019

Return On Investmet gauges the company’s ablity in generating profits with the rest of the available assets in the company. To see how big the resulting profit level over a number of investments that have been implanted.Return On Investmet can be categorized as bad or good can be reflected in the results of the calculation of Net Working Capital Turnover and Total Asset Turnover. Net Working Capital Turnover and Total Asset Turnover is the independent variable that authors use in research.This research conducted to test the influence of variabel Net Working Capital Turnover and Total Asset Turnover against Return On Investment. Research done to two companies listed at the IDX in the period 2009-2013.Research methods using samples to two companies listed in IDX in the period 2009-2013. The data obtained based on the publication of IDX period 2009-2013. Engineering analysis is the simple regression and hypothesis tests using t-statistics and f-statistic for testing the regression coefficients are simultaneously with 5% significance level.The results of the analysis show that variable Net Working Capital Turnover to simultaneously influential significantly to Return On Investment. And the results of the analysis of Total Asset Turnover also simultaneously influential significantly to Return On Investment.Key word: Net Working Capital, Total Asset Turnover, Return on Investment
Anxiety, Depression, and Music
Authors: Keller John Hellen
Published: July 2019

According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), “Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S., affecting 40 million adults in the United States age 18 and older, or 18.1% of the population every year.”Although anxiety and depression are separate conditions, many people who suffer with depression also have anxiety or vice versa. The ADAA states, “Nearly one-half of those diagnosed with depression are also diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.” A Psychology Today article also points out the fact that researchers and doctors have been shifting toward a new conclusion about the disorders, stating, “Depression and anxiety are not two disorders that coexist. They are two faces of one disorder.”
Survey Item Validation
Authors: Wolf Melissa Gordon , Ihm Elliott Daniel , maul andrew , Taves Ann
Published: July 2019

In the social sciences, validity refers to the adequacy of a survey (or other mode of assessment) for its intended purpose. Validation refers to the activities undertaken during and after the construction of the survey to evaluate and improve validity. Item validation refers here to procedures for evaluating and improving respondents’ understanding of the questions and response options included in a survey. Ver- bal probing techniques such as cognitive interviews can be used to understand respondents’ response process, that is, what they are thinking as they answer the survey items. Although cognitive interviews can provide evidence for the validity of survey items, they are time-consuming and thus rarely used in practice. The Response Process Evaluation (RPE) method is a newly-developed technique that utilizes open-ended meta-surveys to rapidly collect evidence of validity across a population of interest, make quick revisions to items, and immediately test these revisions across new samples of respondents. Like cognitive interviews, the RPE method focuses on how participants interpret the item and select a re- sponse. The chapter demonstrates the process of validating one survey item taken from the Inventory of Non-Ordinary Experiences (INOE).
Reply to Katahira et al. “Distribution of personality: Types or skewness?”
Authors: Gerlach Martin , Revelle William , Amaral Luis A. N.
Published: July 2019

Katahira et al. investigated the potential impact of skewness in the marginal distributions of personality trait on the findings reported by us in Gerlach et al. We concur with Katahira et al.’s finding in synthetic 2-dimensional data that there exists a mechanism by which skewness can induce detection of “meaningful clusters” using our proposed methodology. Here, we argue that skewness cannot fully account for the deviations from the null model for the data studied in our original study.
The Concept of "Money" in the Context of National Linguocultures
Authors: Zalavina Tatyana Yu. , Yuzhakova Yulia V. , Dyorina Natalya V. , Polyakova Liliya S.
Published: July 2019

This paper presents an analytical review of scientific works devoted to one of the topical studies in cognitive and cultural linguistics, to the concept of "money" that is included in the corpus of basic concepts of European civilization. The framework consists of systematization of most of existing scientific results of verbal representation, structuring of the concept of "money" in the context of Russian, English, German, French languages. A comparative analysis of the ways and means of language representation of the concept "money" in Russian, English, German, French, sets the combination of versatile and specific features that embody the nature of the concept of "money" in these national languages. The obtained scientific findings represent the opportunities of an embodiment of the general cultural concept of "money" in national linguocultures. The practical value is determined by the fact that the obtained structured scientific data in the specified conceptual field can be used by scientists when developing linguoculturological dictionaries of basic concepts of European culture, as well as in the development of training courses, for which these dictionaries will become a content database.
An EFL Teacher Education Programme: Issues and Concerns from a Yemeni University
Authors: Al-Jaro Morshed Salim Abdullah , Asmawi Adelina
Published: July 2019

Teacher education programmes (TEPs) promote unique experiences that involve a deep understanding of teaching needs, advanced strategies, preparation and training at universities or schools. The main objective of this study is to investigate the English teacher education programme (ETEP) in order to reform and develop current teaching practices in a rapidly developing area of research. The present study aims to look at three main areas which include the university preparation strategy, classroom teaching and supervisory support of an ETEP in Yemen. The data were collected through a questionnaire emailed to all the fourth-year student teachers of the English Department, Faculty of Education, at a public university in Yemen. The results reveal several issues concerning university courses, pedagogical practices, planning lessons, methodologies, and approaches. They disclose some inconsistencies between the proposed strategies at the university and the actual classroom implementation. The results also indicate that the present teaching duration is insufficient to realize the real benefits of the program for sustainable growth. The study provides some recommendations for student teachers, teachers, supervisors, curriculum designers, and policymakers.
The Effectiveness of E-6tslearning in Teaching Reading for Academic Purposes to the Students with Different Learning Styles
Authors: Permanasari Pradnya , Saleh Mursid , Rukmini Dwi , Mujiyanto Januarius
Published: July 2019

This research was done to have the answers of these main questions; 1) what learning style dominates the reading ability?; 2) how is the implementation of E-6tslearning?; and 3) how is the effectiveness of E-6tslearning in teaching reading for academic purpose?. The objectives of this study are 1) to explain the learning style dominates the reading ability; 2) to explain the implementation of E-6tslearning in teaching reading for the academic purpose; 3) to explain the effectiveness of E-6tslearning as the method in teaching reading for academic purposes. The research design used was 2x3 ANOVA factorial designs. The subject of the study was forty-four third semester students of the English Department of Pekalongan University, Indonesia. Twenty-two students became an experimental class, and twenty-two students became control class. The experimental was treated by using the E-6tslearning method, and the control class was given the lecturing. The result shows that the visual learning style dominated the reading ability. The dominant reason was that seeing the text and images make them focused. The E-6tslearning method was applied well online by the lecturer. It was done in and out of the class so that the students have more time to read and write. The use of 6TS method was effective to teach reading proven by the increased score of the experimental class. It was increased to 77.1 for the visual; 71.4 for the aural; and 65 for the kinesthetic group.
An Application of Newmark's Procedures to Muhammad Abul Quasem's English Translation of Mohammad Al-Ghazali's Islamic Guidance
Authors: Saleh Rawan Abdulaziz Al
Published: July 2019

The present study aims at investigating the translator’s use of Newmark’s translation procedures in the translation process of the Islamic book Islamic Guidance. It also aims at exploring the most frequently employed translation procedures as well as the effectiveness of using Newmark’s translation procedures in conveying the source text to the target text as naturally and accurately as possible. To achieve these goals, the researcher applies a descriptive content analysis method on 18 religious texts collected from Islamic Guidance with their English translations. The findings of this study indicate that the translator utilized all Newmark’s translation procedures except the translation label. The most frequently used procedure was the descriptive equivalent procedure whereas the least frequently used procedure was the recognized translation procedure. The results also show that the translation procedures are helpful (especially the target-oriented ones) in conveying the meaning of the text from Arabic into English.
Saudi EFL University Instructors’ Barriers to Teaching the Speaking Skills: Causes and Solutions
Authors: HAssan Noura Abdulaziz Abdulmohsen Al
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the causes and the solutions of Saudi EFL university instructors’ barriers to teaching the speaking skill. The sample of the study consisted of 132 randomly-selected EFL preparatory year instructors at Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, and King Saud University in Riyadh city. Three instruments were utilized to collect data for the study: the first one was a questionnaire, the second was semi-structured interviews, and the third one was lectures observations. The researcher designed a five-point Likert scale questionnaire to collect the data of the study which was validated by a panel of raters consisting of ten university professors and instructors. To ensure reliability, Cronbach Alpha formula was calculated. Besides, The findings of the study revealed that the causes of Saudi EFL university instructors’ barriers to teaching the speaking skill in the preparatory year were as follows: students’ use of L1 during group work or pair work, lack of vocabulary, fear of making mistakes, lack of self-confidence, and lack of motivation. Furthermore, the study results advocated the following solutions to Saudi EFL university instructors’ barriers to teaching the speaking skill: enhancing students’ self-confidence to speak without fear, correcting students’ mistakes kindly, meeting students’ needs in speaking textbooks, and adopting recent motivating techniques, increasing the motivating speaking activities in textbooks, and testing the speaking skill. Finally, the study concluded that teacher training and preparation programs should help EFL instructors overcome and avoid such teaching barriers in teaching the speaking skills
Student-Teacher Responsibilities in English Studies: An Empirical Analysis of Arab Student and English Faculty Perceptions
Authors: Raza Kashif
Published: July 2019

Given the vast research on the existence of distinctive student-teacher expectations about their roles in the classroom and their significance in shaping prospective actions, there is a scarcity of studies that examine Arab student expectations and contrast them with their teachers’ expectancies. Realizing this research gap, this study aims to analyze Gulf Arab, Non-Gulf Arab and English Faculty expectations about their roles in English studies. The objectives of the study were to answer four research questions: Do student-faculty expectations about their classroom roles correspond on nine given items; where do the differentiations lie; what are the classroom implications of these dissimilarities; and how teachers and students can share and meet each other’s expectations. Using a mixed methods research design, quantitative data were collected from students and faculty through an online bilingual survey followed by individual interviews for further exploration. The data analysis revealed that mismatches exist in teacher-student expectations and these dissimilar beliefs can influence student-teacher relationship. Five out of nine given items were found statistically significant between English faculty and Gulf and Non-Gulf Arab students where students had higher expectations about their responsibilities; however, Gulf Arab and Non-Gulf Arab student expectations differed only on three items. In addition to other practical suggestions for sharing and aligning divergent expectations, the study proposes employing a teacher-student learning contract to augment student and faculty cognizance of their academic and social obligations as well as assist the school administration in catering for their perspectives.
The Effect of Using Peer Assessment Training on Writing Performance among Arab EFL High School Students in Malaysia
Authors: Almahasneh Abdallah Mohammad Salem , Abdul-Hamid Samsiah
Published: July 2019

Peer assessment training has appeared as potential new tools for enhancing Arab English as foreign language (EFL) high school students on writing performance. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of using peer assessment training on writing performance among Arab EFL high school students. One hundred and twenty students aged fifteen and sixteen years old participated in this study with an equal number of male and female students. The students were from two Arab high schools in Malaysia. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design. Data was collected using Analytical Marking Scale (Alderson, et al., 1995) to assess student’s writing performance in the pretest and posttest. The result of this study shows that there is a significant difference in the writing performances between the experimental and control groups at P < 0.001. The findings suggests that students who have been exposed to peer assessment training write a better draft compared with those students who were only given conventional training in writing an essay, and without the benefit of peer feedback.
Electronic Educational Environment Moodle in English Language Training
Authors: Butova Anna V. , Dubskikh Angelina I. , Kisel Olesya V. , Chigintseva Elena G.
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the causes, methods and functions of using E-learning in the process of training students English, as well as changing teacher’s and learner’s roles in the educational process. The introduction of information and communication technologies in educational and research processes is a compulsory requirement to implement the concept of modernization in Russian education. Recently, interest in English as a means of international communication has increased significantly, it has already been recognized as the language of professional communication in various fields of activity. The relevance of this work is undoubted. Modern higher school teachers are constantly looking for more effective approaches in training English and in the process of creating an electronic educational environment that would allow students access to various sources of information and help satisfy the interests of the modern student. The goal of the research is to increase the efficiency of training English in the system of higher professional education through the development and use of educational software products that apply modern information technology. Methods to achieve this goal include the method of using computer technology, methods of network planning and project management. The research showed that the organization of the information-instrumental educational environment uses a student centered approach, the development of an electronic educational and methodological complex (EEMC) is a search for an algorithm, most adapted to the student's cognitive needs, and EEMC in English creates the best conditions for the principle of interactivity. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that its materials related to the method of creating multimedia tasks and virtual environments can be used in the practical work of universities, as well as in the system of further training for specialists.
Fossilized Use of Active and Passive Simple Present by Iraqi M.A. Students
Authors: Abbas Nawal Fadhil , Younus Lina Laith , Khalil Huda Hadi
Published: July 2019

Interlanguage fossilization is a crucial dilemma that foreign language learners may fall in. The problem of the present study is shown clearly in the answers of Iraqi students of Master of Arts in the College of Education for Women University of Baghdad. In spite of all the previous years of studying English language, some still have the problem of fossilized active and passive simple present tense. The present study aims at shedding light on the reasons behind the Iraqi students’ problem. An error analysis is applied to critically examine the students’ answers in their final course exam of two courses namely; pragmatics and discourse analysis. Depending on Selinker’s model (1972) of error analysis, students errors are all traced back to the language transfer of their native language. Among the results of analysis the researchers have arrived at a suitable solution for the current problem embodied by Sharwood’s Consciousness-Raising Approach (1981). It is recommended as a psycholinguistic model for defossilization. It is very suitable for mentally matured learners and help to solve the dilemma.
Effect of Project-Based Learning Using E-Poster on Indonesian EFL Students’ Speaking Ability across Personality Types
Authors: Winasih Wulan Wuryantari , Cahyono Bambang Yudi , Prayogo Johannes Ananto
Published: July 2019

Preparing students to compete and face any challenges of the rapid changes of globalization is a responsibility of any form of education. Students’ success in today’s learning lies on their ability to utilize technology as the heart of globalizationas well as to communicate in English effectively within a variety of purposes. Project-based learning, as one of the technology-based activities, is believed to be an effective method to facilitate the use of technology and oral communication skill in English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom. This article investigates whether there is a significant difference in students’ speaking ability between students taught through PBL using e-poster and those taught through conventional method. It also determines whether there is a significant difference in students speaking ability between extrovert and introvert students taught through PBL using e-poster. Sixty-one Indonesian secondary level students from two intact classes were involved and assigned randomly into experimental and control groups. The quantitative data were collected through pre-test and post-test from both groups. Analysis of the first result revealed that students who were taught through PBL using E-poster significantly outperformed those who were taught through a conventional method. Conversely, the second result showed that students’ personality types (extrovert and introvert) did not affect their speaking achievement.
Wide Sargasso Sea: Antoinette’s Living Spaces as a Case Study
Authors: Aljohani Fann Oudah
Published: July 2019

This study explores the identity formation and mobility of the role of Antoinette in the novel "Wide Sargasso Sea" from the perspective of the cultural and human geography. In general, it is a space and place study. The thesis suggests that, Antoinette has some conditions and circumstances that she developed in an autonomic manner with different experiences in order to navigate and recognize the dangerous and safe spaces around her. Wide Sargasso Sea, by Jean Rhys, elaborates a self-sacrifice experience that the protagonist went through in her search for identity, which she lost due to the circumstances around her. In this research, a psychological analysis of Antoinette's personality will be taken, moreover; an attempt is made to find out the reasons for her schizophrenic behavior. The research focuses on Antoinette's shattered identity and the specters she faced in her life, which ultimately played a huge role in her madness. Also, the visible opposite aspects of black/white, rationality/unconsciousness, male/female, and sanity/madness are conceived by her conscious mind, and it causes the frantic thoughts of insanity, womanhood, and blackness. Also, it sheds light on Antoinette's journey in life to figure out where she belongs and her struggle in this search. Antoinette's personality and identity crisis as a Creole girl will be discussed in depth. There are different areas that are explored in this paper; such as the interpretation of how the surrounding spaces affect Antoinette and the reasons behind the absence of a loving mother in Wide Sargasso Sea. Furthermore, Rochester's character is also examined to find out how the masculine space differs from feminine space, and to what extent Mr. Rochester's cruelty harms Antoinette. Another important thing that is discussed in the paper is the effect of family relationships on a person's identity, and how it becomes a reason of mental disorder.
Language Games in Teaching and Learning English Grammar: A Literature Review
Authors: Yaccob Nur Syafiqah , Yunus Melor Md
Published: July 2019

Traditional teaching and learning process referring to chalk-and-talk has become outdated in lessons. Teachers and learners are exposed to various task-based process to encourage a better participation among learners throughout the lesson. One of the most common and preferred teaching strategies is the use of language games to aid the teaching of various skills. The growth of digital learning tools and web applications being used in lessons taking the use of language games to a modern and advanced platform for learners to engage in lessons. The use of interesting and suitable materials along with the various approaches when conducting language games during lessons helps to cater to learners' needs and interests on the subject-matter especially in learning grammar in context. Many researches have used various language games to show its effects on learners ' knowledge, competency and motivation in learning a language, focusing on different targeted language areas and skills such as grammar. Therefore, this paper, based on reviews of past literature, will explore the use of language games in teaching and learning grammar, with reference to second language (ESL) learners. The findings indicate the beneficial usage of language games to teaching and learning of grammar in for ESL learners. This study is useful to prove the importance of language games as a teaching strategy to help enhance learners ' English grammar acquisition.
A Study of the Pre-Service Trainee Teachers Problems in Designing Lesson Plans
Authors: Alanazi Maryumah Hejji
Published: July 2019

Planning a lesson remains a challenging task for the teachers. The transition from a student into a pre-service teacher and turn out into an effective teacher is a challenging task in the teaching field. We all know the nexus between the significant roles of a lesson plan in an effective teaching-learning process. This study aims to analyze the pre-service trainee teachers' attitudes, ideas, and obstacles in designing lesson plans. The sample involved pre-service teachers who enrolled in a teaching practice course at the College of Education and Arts Northern Border University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Fifty pre-service trainee teachers participated in the research and the data collected through casual informal interviews, daily and weekly lesson plans. This study used a methodological triangulation research design that combined ways of quantitative and qualitative data collection. This method offers better and localized insights about pre-service teachers’ attitudes of the lesson plan designing. Also analyze the problems in organizing and arranging the information related to the lesson or topic. The finding of the research revealed that the pre-service trainee teachers were well aware of lesson planning and its importance but, they found some problems during their planning.
The Effect of Blended Learning on EFL Students’ Grammar Performance and Attitudes: An Investigation of Moodle
Authors: Bataineh Khaleel Bader Al , Banikalef Ala’Eddin Abdullah Ahmed , Albashtawi Abeer H.
Published: July 2019

Empowering new generations with technology through employing blended learning approach to teach English as a Foreign Language has been recently investigated by many researchers in various contexts. This mixed-methods study aimed at examining the effects of the blended learning approach on Jordanian EFL learners’ grammar performance. The study also aimed at investigating the attitudes of Jordanian EFL learners toward blended learning. To achieve the objectives of the study, it employed a quasi-experimental design (pre and posttests) followed by qualitative interviews. The participants were divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. Among the 28 students in the sample, those in the experimental blended learning group (n=13) were taught using Moodle while those in the control group (n=15) were taught using conventional methods. All the 13 participants in the experimental group were interviewed. The results of the posttest revealed that students in the experimental group outperformed students in the control group. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis results showed that blended learning had a positive impact on the learners’ English grammar performance and that they were strongly satisfied and motivated to learn English using similar methods. It is concluded that blended learning could be used as an effective method of teaching English grammar in EFL settings. It is hoped that these results will help the university, faculty, and students to develop the skills necessary for blended learning.
The Impact of the Formative Assessment in Speaking Test on Saudi Students’ Performance
Authors: Alahmadi Nesreen , Alrahaili Musaad , Alshraideh Doniazad
Published: July 2019

The current research takes place at the English language department at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia, where all students are enrolled in undergraduate studies and must study English language course as a core module in their first year. One of the most challenging tests faced by Saudi students in their studies, is the summative speaking test. The test is consisting of three tasks in which students required to go through them all. Accordingly, there is a need to seek approaches to enhance students’ performance in the speaking test. In other words, formative assessment has not been used to overcome the challenges faced by the Saudi students at Taibah University in the speaking test. This research aims to investigate whether a formative speaking assessment has a significant impact on students’ performance in the summative test. Also, it aims to monitor student learning and to provide constructive feedback that can be used by teachers to improve students’ learning and help the students to identify their strengths and weaknesses in speaking skills. This study concludes that formative assessment helps Saudi students to overcome the challenges they face in speaking test. It is also recommend constructive feedback to improve their speaking performance.
A Teacher-Based Evaluation of the English Language Textbook (Get Ready1&2) for Saudi Fourth Grade Primary
Authors: Alenezi Abdullah Deyap Arar
Published: July 2019

This study aimed at evaluating the EFL textbook ` Get Ready 1&2` used in the fourth grade of primary school from the perspectives of male and female teachers in Arar city in Saudi Arabia. The textbook was published by Macmillan, and it was specially developed for use within Saudi Arabia’s cultural environment and for both boys’ and girls’ schools. The Ministry of Education has started using this textbook in schools in the current academic year 2013/2014. This study will focus on teachers’ perspectives, and it will be a macro evaluation. The researcher designed a mixed method study by gathering both quantitative and qualitative data. The researcher distributed a close-ended questionnaire consisted of 55 items and nine categories for 30 teachers to gather quantitative data and carried out an interview with five male teachers to gather qualitative data. The study evaluated the textbook in terms of the layout and design, objectives, skills, supplementary materials, topics and content, cultural values, structure and vocabulary, activities and tasks, and teachers’ manual. In general, the findings of the study revealed that teachers were satisfied about the textbook in all of the nine categories with some demerits. The cultural values category got the highest mean score of 4.54 out of 5.00 whereas the skills category got the lowest mean score of 3.47 out of 5.00. In the light of these findings, the researcher reports some recommendations to address the drawbacks of the textbook and other problems that have an impact on properly delivering the textbook.
Measuring Income Inequality Across Countries and Over Time: The Standardized World Income Inequality Database
Authors: Solt Frederick
Published: July 2019

Objective: This article documents wide-ranging revisions to the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID), which seeks to maximize the comparability of income inequality estimates for the broadest possible coverage of countries and years. Methods: Two k-fold cross-validations, by observation and by country, are used to evaluate the SWIID's success in predicting the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), recognized in the field as setting the standard for comparability. Results: The cross-validations indicate that the new SWIID's estimates and their uncertainty are even more accurate than previous versions, extending its advantage in comparability over alternate income inequality datasets. Conclusion: Given its superior coverage and comparability, the SWIID remains the optimum source of data for broadly cross-national research on income inequality.
A Study of Language Anxiety among English Language Learners in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hakim Badia Muntazer
Published: July 2019

Classroom anxiety is a recurrent phenomenon for language learners. There are various factors that cause language anxiety, the most common of which include learners’ excessive self-consciousness and self-awareness concerning their oral reproduction and performance and their peculiar, and quite often misplaced and mistaken, views and beliefs regarding different approaches. Other potential reasons for this problem could include the fear, and the consequent deterrence occasioned thereof, of encountering difficulties in language learning, specifically learners’ individual problems regarding the culture of the target language and the varying social statuses of speakers. The most important fear is, perhaps, the deterrent fear of causing damage to one’s self-identity. Therefore, while needing to paying special attention to language learners’ anxiety reactions, language teachers have a crucial role in helping their students achieve the expected performance goals in the target language. Another factor that could potentially lead to language anxiety is simply the poor command of the target language. This problem could be attributed to linguistic barriers and obstacles language learners encounter in learning and using the target language. In the current study, using a qualitative, semi-structured interview and the focus-group discussion technique, the researcher aims to investigate the factors that contribute to language anxiety among Arab language learners. It focuses on learners both within the classroom setting and without, i.e. in the social context, and recommends a number of approaches to manage and overcome this problem.
The Impact of Pleasure Reading on Enhancing Writing Achievement and Reading Comprehension
Authors: Attiyat Nazzem Mohammad Abdullah
Published: July 2019

Reading opens up wide-reaching paths for knowledge as it deepens the feelings of empathy. Therefore, it represents a unique skill consists of a mixture of several procedures that encourage the interaction with printed words for content and pleasure. The current study tries to identify the impact of pleasure reading on enhancing writing achievement and reading comprehension. The study has employed different data collection methods, such as published research, articles, books, theses, and dissertations that are related to the study matter to provide answers to the following question: ‘ Do pleasure reading have an impact on enhancing writing achievement and reading comprehension?’. The results reveal that; pleasure reading has a positive impact on enhancing writing achievement and reading comprehension. In addition to, pleasure reading provides readers with entertainment, relaxation, comfort, as it also offers them a creative outlet and means of escape, which, in turn, affect positively effect on the writing performance. Moreover, reading helps learners develop their writing experience by inspiring them, expanding their vocabulary, and improving their grammatical structure. The current study recommends applying more reading programs into schools to encourage reading. It also suggests conducting more studies in order to realize the true potential of reading and its impact on learners’ written works and reading comprehension.
The Influence of Derivational and Inflectional Morphological Awareness on the Writing of Undergraduate EFL Students: An Empirical Study
Authors: Wahid Rizwana , Farooq Oveesa
Published: July 2019

This current study aimed to investigate the influence of derivational and inflectional morphological awareness on the writing of undergraduate students studying English as a Foreign Language. They were divided in to two groups and each group comprised 200 advanced EFL learners. Explicit morphological instructions were given to group two in the classroom for full one semester whereas group one wasn't given any kind of morphological knowledge. To collect data, exactly the same lists of word-formation on different morphological processes and their use in the writing samples were administered to both the groups. The main objective of this research was to examine the correlation between the morphological awareness and the EFL writing after testing learners' reflection on word-formation. Then it also tried to explore the difference between their performances to check whether the morphological instructions improved their writing or not. The findings stated that group two students always performed far better than group one and showed a strong understanding of word-formation structure while applying and manipulating in the morphological-instructed tasks. The formulated hypothesis-the teaching of explicit morphemic rules improves not only morphological awareness to a large extent but also grammatical, intralingual, lexical and syntactic awareness that results to enhance collaboratively EFL writing competence. A promising contribution of this current study to pedagogy was that explicit teaching of morphology improved writing to a concrete, large extent and revealed clearly that it must be introduced to EFL learners from the early education so that their writing skill can be developed effectively.
A Cognitive Semantic Analysis of Meaning Interrelationship
Authors: Aajami Raghad Fahmi
Published: July 2019

Expanding the English vocabulary for Iraqi second language (L2) learners is a challenging task. In the present work, Langacker’s cognitive linguistic theory of domains (1987) is adopted to provide a new sight into vocabulary learning, and to expand the vocabulary repertoire of Iraqi students. This paper aims at testing the validity of expanding the English vocabulary of L2 Iraqi learners throughout the theory of domains. It also tries to find how can domains theory increase the package of vocabulary for L2 learners. Accordingly, an experimental study is to be conducted on forty-six college students of second-year level from, University of Baghdad, Iraq. The data of the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) l editor. Results have shown the following: First, the progress of more than (0.05≤) has been detected as far as students' understanding of the semantic domains of the lexical concepts. Second, the main source of difficulty regarding vocabulary acquisition has been treated throughout Langacker's theory. Third, the domains theory has proven its effectiveness in accurately comprehending the semantic domains of the English lexical concepts.