bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A SURVEY CONCERNING CATTLE TICK CONTROL IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Elder J. K. , Emmerson F. R. , Kearnan J. F. , Waters K. S. , Dunwell G. H. , Morris R. S. , Knott S. G.
Published: March 2008

Survey results concerning chemical control of the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) in Queensland are reported in detail, and differences due to region, breed and type of enterprise are discussed. The results show that chemical control was more intensive in Zebu and Zebu crossbred cattle than could be justified economically and that a minority of producers with European cattle carried out strategic dipping. Owners of plunge dips did not make regular use of testing facilities, available from the Department of Primary Industries or the chemical companies.
AN EPIZOOTIC IN LABORATORY GUINEA PIGS DUE TO TRICHOPHYTON MENTAGROPHYTES
Authors: McAller R.
Published: March 2008

A widespread epizootic due to a granular variety of Trichophyton mentagrophytes occurred in a new stock of laboratory guinea pigs imported to Perth from one of the Eastern States of Australia. The infection spread quickly among these animals, and infection occurred in rabbits and mice at the breeding station and in 4 people. The human infections were contracted either directly through handling animals or indirectly by means of fomites. The strain of T. mentagrophytes causing the epizootic was distinctive from strains previously isolated in Western Australia.
The role of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis lung lesions in the transmission of this bacterium to other sheep
Authors: ELLIS T M , SUTHERLAND S S , WILKINSON F C , MERCY A R , PATON M W
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY: :Five groups of 5 shorn and 5 unshorn caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)‐free Merino wether weaners were each placed in feedlot pens with 6 Merino ewes, 2 or more of which had CLA lung lesions but no discharging superficial lesions. The sheep were kept together for 5 months.

Twenty‐eight per cent of the shorn weaners and 20% of the unshorn weaners developed antibodies to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. At slaughter, 8% of the shorn weaners and 12% of the unshorn weaners had CLA lesions in either lungs, lymph nodes or both. In the absence of contact with CLA‐infected ewes, a control group of 5 shorn and 5 unshorn weaners failed to develop antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis or CLA lesions in the same period. This showed that sheep with CLA abscesses in the lungs but no discharging superficial abscesses were a source of C. pseudotuberculosis infection to other sheep. Aust Vet J. 64: 261–263
Mandibular prognathism in edentulous patients—a factor of skeletal pattern
Authors: Tuncay Orhan C. , Abadi Behruz , Ellinger Charles , Thomson Steven
Published: March 2008

Profile change in edentulous patients is a commonly observed phenomenon. It seems that the profile becomes more concave, either by loss of lip support or increased mandibular prognathism. It has been reported that the dentures migrate forward with time1; therefore, loss of lip support cannot be a significant contributor to the increased convexity of the profile. Changes that take place over a period of time in the mandibular posture have also been reported.2–6 However, those studies did not attempt to relate these changes to individual patients' characteristics. It might be possible that a particular skeletal pattern could affect the mandibular posture. Therefore, this report will deal with the influence of the skeletal pattern on mandibular prognathism as determined from cephalomet‐ric films.
A contrast of dental consultation utilization between two different hospitals
Authors: REDDING SPENCER W. , VEAZEY DOUGLAS A.
Published: March 2008

This study shows that the distinct difference in patient types that a dentist may see depends on the focus of the hospital involved. The dentists in the general hospital will commonly see periodontal problems, tooth pain, trauma, and prosthetic problems. This contrasts with Lockhart and Sonis, who commonly found oral infection. However, they were seeing a large number of oncology patients, whose immunosuppression increased the problem of oral infection.

The dentist in the psychiatric hospital will more frequently see problems of tooth pain, and periodontal problems and trauma will be seen less frequently than in the general hospital. Prosthodontic problems will occur with equal frequencies in both hospitals. Finally, the dental patient population will tend to be older in the general hospital.
Prosthodontic support of radiation therapy
Authors: ABADI BEHRUZ J. , FALACE DONALD A.
Published: March 2008

This brief report illustrates the role that the prosthodontist may play in the early treatment of head and neck cancer and describes the fabrication of an intraoral core to facilitate radiation therapy of a mass of the floor of the mouth.
The efficacy of sodium hypochlorite as a denture cleanser
Authors: KEMPLER DANIEL , MYER MICHAEL , KAHL ERNEST A. , MARTIN DONALD W.
Published: March 2008

Various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite solutions on stained dentures were evaluated. Cleansing effects of hypochlorite were compared with the cleansing effect of a series of proprietary cleansers available on the market. A 50% hypochlorite solution proved more effective than the proprietary cleansing agents evaluated.
BOOKS
Authors: SMALL ERNEST W.
Published: March 2008

Diseases of the temporomandibular apparatus: a multidisciplinary approach, ed 2. Douglas H. Morgan, DDS; Leland R. House, MD; William P. Hall, MD; and S. James Vamvas,
Portable dental chair
Authors: BAYCAR ROBERT , AKER FRANK , SEROWSKI ANDREW
Published: March 2008

To many people, dental care is solely for the relief of pain or infection; to others i To is a luxury that cannot be afforded because of monetary or geographic barrierS. Although the handicapped may be unable to travel to receive dental care services, they should be the recipients of definitive care including the prevention of disease.

The dentist and his staff are more able to leave the confines of a fixed operatory and travel with portable equipment to urban and rural areas. The goal is to provide more than just emergency treatment, with'the type and quality of care partly dependent on the capabilities of transportable equipment.

system is completed, using handtightened knobs and thumbscrews to secure the attachments. The system is easy to clean and maintain, being of simple design and composed of durable, corrosion‐resistant materialS. Repairs require a few common tools and, because of compactness and lightweight, assembled modules or subsystems can be containerized for shipment if replacements are required.

The concept of a portable dental clinic is not new but its function as a total care unit has been directly proportional to bulk, as might be seen in the mobile van concept. With modem technology, miniaturized devices are as effective as or are highly improved over larger couterpartS. By using smaller, light‐weight components in a dental treatment unit, the system can be more easily transported, even to the point of being hand carried.

The design criteria established for the portable chair system are based on the concept of miniaturization. The components are commercially available and, with a few modifications, all assemblies can be attached to the dental chair. Assembly and disassembly of the

One problem encountered with portable dental systems is the number of containers needed for large modular components and chair. The total system is packaged into one durable weatherproof container weighing 150 Ib. Two men can easily carry the container over short distances or it can be transported in a small motorized vehicle, or in a trailer drawn by an animal.

Because of its compact size, a dental operatory can be set up in a limited space and design features permit use even when based on soft ground. If electricity and compressed air are not available, they can be supplied by a small generator and a compact quiet air compressor.

There is a growing need to develop equipment and methods for portable dental treatment. The portable chair design has removed much of the unnecessary bulk and weight yet has retained the function of comprehensive dental care.
Dental management of a child with tuberous sclerosis: report of case
Authors: FENTON STANFORD J. , MORRISON DONALD J.
Published: March 2008

A case of an 8‐year‐old male with tuberous sclerosis was presented. A description of the clinical, radiologic, neurologic, and histologic manifestations of this disease was discussed. Severe gingival hyperplasia, associated with this disease, and concomitant delayed eruption of permanent teeth requiring surgical intervention were observed. The result of extensive gingival excision to uncover teeth for function and esthetic appearance was stable for five years.
Dentists' reported willingness to treat disabled patients
Authors: Siegal Mark D.
Published: March 2008

A survey of dentists who were licensed by, and resided in, New Mexico as of September 1982 was conducted for the purpose of determining their willingness to treat patients with disabilities. A referral directory was compiled and disseminated to organizations and agencies which serve such clients.
Special design of mouthstick device for a patient with upper extremity bilateral amputations
Authors: CLORAN ARTHUR J. , DAVIS WILLIAM J. , CAMPBELL THURID M.
Published: March 2008

A patient who lost both arms as the result of an accident was fitted with a special mouthstick. After 6 months, no dental contraindications were noted. The device enabled the patient to perform functional tasks and have a relatively normal life.
Critical skills assessment for the treatment of geriatric patients: Geriatric Dentistry
Authors: KRESS GERARD C. , VIDMAR GORDON C.
Published: March 2008

This paper reports the results of a needs assessment survey conducted to identify education objectives for the dentist geriatric fellowship program initiated by the Veterans Administration in 1982. A cascading sample design was used to identify 82 persons recognized as experts in geriatric dentistry. Each was asked to list five knowledge, skill, and attitudinal objectives considered most crucial for comptence of the geriatric dentist. The 30 major critical competencies cited and their relative frequencies are presented as a kind of definition of the competent geriatric dentist and a guide to planning and evaluation of geriatric dentistry programs
A comprehensive oral care plan for nursing homes
Authors: O'LAUGHLIN JAMES M.
Published: March 2008

The personnel needed for a dental service are the dentist, the dental assistant, or an appropriately trained aide, and a nurse's aide. The initial visit would include a screening and review of all participants, and providing the home with necessary permission slips. A home care checklist chart is developed for each participating resident. If the forms reflect the organization, completion of the forms is simple, and easily managed and updated. An emergency care room should be established with ample light, a dental chair, a sink, and necessary supplies (Table).

On the second and subsequent visits, an aide can organize the charts and bring patients to the dental room for screening. It is easy for the aide or nurse to tell what the personal health and mood of the patient is. A screening examination is charted with potential and immediate problems written on the conservator's form (Fig 2). Treatment may consist of directions to staff, temporary medicated dressing (cement or denture liner, or trimming of denture flanges), and the recommendation for extensive treatment or absolute immediate care in the office of an oral surgeon or a hospital based dental department.

Subsequent treatment visits should include education for untrained aides and an update for staff members already trained. Treatment should be done after consultation with staff. New patients with completed conservator's request forms may be screened for potential or immediate need.

Any billing would be completed by the dentist or aide, using the same procedures that he or she would use in the private office. The dentist is responsible for billing.

Instruction sheets are left at the home on the first day by the secretary. These directives help to keep things slowly smoothly when the dentist comes for the first visit (Fig 2).
Evaluation of attitudes of Chinese dental students toward dental care for patients with handicapping conditions
Authors: BEDI RAMAN , CHAN TIM S. C. , O'DONNELL DAVID
Published: March 2008

Because many of the dental students have not previously been in direct contact with people with handicapping conditions, a 10‐week course was introduced into the dental curriculum with the objective of promoting an awareness of the special needs and positive attitudes toward patients with handicapping conditions. Community‐based and clinical experience in providing dental care for the patient with handicapping conditions was introduced to the traditional lecture and seminar presentation. It is hoped that students will recognize and come to terms with their own feeling about this group and so be able to provide them with effective dental care.
A personal approach to dental care for patients with handicapping conditions
Authors: WASINGER JACK L.
Published: March 2008

An approach to providing dental care for patients with handicapping conditions is described using lessons learned from four patients. A review of the current literature regarding attitudes generally held by dentists regarding patients with handicapping conditions is included to help relate the reasons that these concepts apply.
Dentists' verbal communication leads during an interview with geriatric patients
Authors: HANDELMAN STANLEY L. , STEGE PATRICIA M. , BARIC JEAN M. , ESPELAND MARK A. , SAUNDERS RALPH H.
Published: March 2008

A reliable method has been developed to describe dentists' verbal communication leads using closed circuit television. The purpose of this investigation was to compare these leads during the greeting and initial discussion portion of an initial dental interview for ten dentists with 20 patients older than 65 years. Leads were categorized as controlling, noncontrolling, or neutral.

A controlling lead was defined as a lead that allowed the dentist to exert authority in a controlling manner. The most frequently used leads in this category were closed‐ended questions and structuring. Leads were categorized as noncontrolling if the lead allowed patients to express themselves (acceptance, approval, clarification, interpretation, and open‐ended question). Examples of frequently observed neutral leads included small talk and information giving.

The frequency of noncontrolling, neutral, and controlling leads was 28%, 40%, and 32%, respectively. Correlations between these three categories were weak and indicated that they were measuring different qualities of the communication process.

When the three categories of leads were analyzed by doctors and patients' gender, the mean numbers of leads were similar, although male dentists tended to be more controlling with male patients and less controlling with female patients. These differences were not statistically significant using the analysis of variance.

The authors thank Mr. David Skeels and Ms. Diane Gladstone for scoring the verbal behaviors and all related activities, and Dr. Gerald Gladstein. PhD. for consultative behavior definition and analysis.

A complete list with a description and examples is available from the authors on request.

The informed consent of all subjects who participated in the study was obtained after the nature of the procedure and possible discomforts and risks had been fully explained.
A dental protocol for patients receiving radiation therapy for cancer of the head and neck
Authors: ENGELMEIER ROBERT L.
Published: March 2008

Dentists have a definite place on oncology teams and tumor planning boards, especially when a patient with head and neck cancer is to be treated with radiation therapy. In many instances, the dentist can support these patients more than any other health care professional. Besides fabricating appliances to support the radiotherapist, the dentist can make a wide variety of appliances to make the patient more comfortable. With a regular recall system he or she can intercept and treat the complications of head and neck radiation therapy as early as possible. The dentist can provide these patients with the information they need to understand and prevent the complications of radiation therapy. To accomplish this task, the dental oncologist requires good records from the oncologist including diagnosis, radiation dose and fields, prognosis, and other treatments planned. The dentist also needs the support of the medical and administrative staff members.
The dental management of depressed patients
Authors: FRIEDLANDER ARTHUR H. , BRILL NORMAN Q.
Published: March 2008

A significant portion of the US population suffers from depression. In this paper, the psychopathology and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM III diagnostic criteria for depression are reviewed, medical treatment modalities are enumerated, and the interrelationship between the disease process, its medical therapy, and the incidence of dental disease are detailed. Appropriate nomenclature has been used to assist the dentist in obtaining meaningful consultative advice. The requisite precautions that must be taken when an individual is medicated with certain psychotropic drugs are outlined.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tracheostomy: report of case involving endodontic treatment
Authors: ROVER BILLY C. , TOGA CARL J. , JONES JUDITH A.
Published: March 2008

Modern medicine has made many advances in the capability to sustain life. The dental profession needs to keep up to date with these changes and be creative in caring for these individuals who are medically compromised and who require special care.11 This sometimes requires the purchase of new equipment; other times it means modifying that which exists. In all instances, the level of care for these individuals requires a team approach and mandates education of all team members. In the case presented, the medical problems necessitated such a team effort to achieve optimal care.
Starting a hospital dental consultation service: educational and financial considerations
Authors: III PAUL LEE SALISBURY , GARRISON RAYMOND S.
Published: March 2008

Most hospital departments of dentistry operate inpatient consultation services, and some information is available in the literature regarding the characteristics of several of these services. To date, however, there have been no published reports analyzing their effectiveness for teaching purposes or the financial impact that consultation services have on dental departments.
The preparedness of dental professionals to treat persons with disabling conditions in long‐term care facility and community settings
Authors: STIEFEL DORIS J. , TRUELOVE EDMOND L. , JOLLY DANIEL E.
Published: March 2008

A survey was conducted of 300 state long‐term care facilities to determine prior training and needs for further instruction of dental staff in the management of patients in this setting. In addition, dental practitioners in two states, Missouri and Washington, were surveyed with respect to their qualifications and availability to treat persons with disabling conditions in the community.

A large proportion of dentists who work in long‐term care facilities reported a lack of formal preparation for their area of dental practice. Many community dentists who stated a willingness to treat persons with disabling conditions also appeared to be inadequately prepared. Responses to the Missouri and Washington surveys were generally similar; apparent differences with respect to experience may have been caused by variation in survey criteria.

Positive effects of training are beginning to carry over into practice. Larger numbers of recent graduates reported training and expressed willingness to treat patients with disabling conditions compared with dentists who have been in practice longer. Dentists with training and extensive experience probably best reflect available dental resources for persons with disabling conditions in the community.
Panoramic radiographic examination of patients who are edentulous
Authors: CATELLI WILLIAM F. , ENGSTROM HELENE I. M. , HOLLENDER LARS G. , FELLER RALPH P.
Published: March 2008

Panoramic radiographs of 289 patients who were edentulous were investigated for: root fragments, impacted teeth, radio‐paque areas, radiolucent areas, foreign bodies, maxillary sinus changes, TMJ changes, and extent of bony atrophy. Comparisons were made with the results of previous studies. Technical and darkroom procedures were analyzed with regard to processing, positioning, and procedural errors.

A 14% frequency of pathologic findings was found. These findings support the conclusions of others2–5 that many edentulous patients have some dental pathosis.

Twenty‐seven percent of the radiographs had processing errors and 5% had artifacts resulting from procedural errors. Only 24% of the radiographs were without gross positional errors. The most common error being anterior magnification. Under‐or overdevelopment interfered with interpretation in about 10% of the films. Thirty‐seven percent had condyles that were either partially or totally missing.
Dental treatment of a patient with Friedreich's ataxia
Authors: CAMM JEFFREY H. , CARPENTER JAMES V.
Published: March 2008

The dental treatment of a patient with Friedreich's ataxia is discussed. Despite the patient's systemic conditions, treatment including oral hygiene instructions and an extraction was performed without complications. With knowledge of this disease, in conjunction with medical consultation, these patients can be treated successfully.
The management of periodontal disease in patients who have received radiation therapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: FATTORE LA DEANE , STRAUSS ROBERT , BRUNO JAMES
Published: March 2008

Osteoradionecrosis is a common, serious sequela of radiation therapy for oral cancer. Patients who are to receive radiation therapy should have preradiation dental evaluation and treatment, oral hygiene instruction, and close dental follow‐up during and after radiation therapy.

Teeth with significant periodontal disease should be extracted before radiotherapy. After radiation treatment, advancing periodontal disease can be initially managed with conservative treatment, scaling and root planing, tetracycline, and good oral hygiene. Periodontal disease is a possible source of infection and may therefore predispose a patient to osteo‐radionecrosis.
Preventing adverse local anesthetic reactions: the use of the skin test
Authors: BURGESS JOHN O.
Published: March 2008

This article describes the treatment of a patient with a history of a hypersensitivity reaction to Xylocaine with bupivacaine. The adverse reaction to Xylocaine was further documented by a positive skin test. The skin test using a progressive challenge protocol is described as a means to prevent adverse local anesthetic reaction and to select an appropriate anesthetic.
Curriculum guidelines for the training of general practice residents in treating the patient with special needs
Authors: JOLLY DANIEL E. , MARTIN MICHAEL D. , BRODY HARVEY A. , CLASSMAN PAUL D.
Published: March 2008

The Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped and the American Association of Hospital Dentists have developed and approved guidelines to train residents in general practice residency programs on dental care for the patient with special needs. These proposed guidelines are intended to prepare the general practice resident to have a broad degree of involvement with the physical, emotional, and psychological issues faced by the patients with mild to severe disabling conditions. Didactic and clinical objectives are presented for 12 content areas of clinical practice.
Management of an ameloblastoma in a patient with Sanfilippo's syndrome
Authors: CHOATE BARRIE BARBER , HYLIN DON L.
Published: March 2008

Detection and subsequent surgical management of an acanthomatous ameloblastoma is described in a patient with Sanfilippo's syndrome, type A. The literature does not support a correlation of ameloblastoma to the presence of Sanfilippo's syndrome.
A thermoplastic mouthstick appliance
Authors: LEINBACH THOMAS E.
Published: March 2008

Rehabilitation of quadriplegic patients is a significant challenge to health care resources in this country. Many of these patients need to use mouthstick appliances to control their environments. To be sure that the mouthstick appliance is available to any patient in need of it, the technology and affordability must be improved. A method is described for construction of an inexpensive and physiologically sound appliance.
ADH ad hoc committee report: the use of restraints in the delivery of dental care for the handicapped—legal, ethical, and medical considerations
Authors: FENTON SANFORD J. , FENTON LORING I. , KIMMELMAN BENEDICT B. , SHELLHART W. CRAIG , SHEFF MICHAEL C. , SCOTT JURATE P. , STAGGERS JULIE A. , PORTUGAL BRIAN V.
Published: March 2008

Presented is the final report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Use of Physical Restraints. The report discusses legal, ethical, and medical issues of physical restraint of patients. Conclusions included: there is no consensus among the states on definition of restraint—dental practitioners should check with their own states for currrent rulings; the current national view is that restraint should only be used when absolutely necessary, and the least restrictive form should be used, and it shall not be used as punishment or for the convenience of the staff; use of restraint is acceptable dental practice when appropriately used for behavior control of patients with developmentally disabling conditions; documentation is required; physical restraint should cause no physical injury; and informed consent should be used, after checking with authorities as to proper form.
A sedation technique for autistic patients who require dental treatment
Authors: LOWE OARIONA , JEDRYCHOWSKI JOSEPH R.
Published: March 2008

A description of the patient with autism is presented along with the problems faced by dental care personnel in the treatment of these patients. A study of the use of a progressive sedation technique describes effectiveness, dosages, and levels of treatability. Results show that sedation using hydroxyzine pamoate/diazepam combination as pre‐medication and N2O/O2 analgesia is an acceptable technique for sedation in these patients.
The status of geriatric education in dental hygiene curricula
Authors: HUTCHINSON MICHELLE
Published: March 2008

To assess the status of geriatric education in dental hygiene curricula, a pretested survey was sent to a 55% random sample of the 198 US dental hygiene programs. Of the 109 surveys mailed, a 90% response rate showed that geriatric didactic material is most frequently presented via occasional lectures, rather than in a formal course or an organized series of presentations. Seventy‐five percent of the programs have a geriatric clinical component. Baccalaureate programs and programs longer than 2 years are more likely than associate programs and programs shorter than 2 years, respectively, to teach geriatrics in a more formalized setting. There is no significant difference in the way geriatric material is presented between hygiene programs that are and are not within dental schools.
Behavioral influences of rectal diazepam in solution on dental patients with mentally and physically handicapping conditions
Authors: DINER MURRAY H. , FORTIN RAYMOND C. , MARCOUX DPs, PAUL. , LEGAULT VICTOR
Published: March 2008

The hypothesis of this study was to determine whether the use of rectal diazepam in solution would effectively modify the uncooperative behavior of patients with mentally and physically handicapping conditions during dental treatment. The sample consisted of 42 patients with mild to severe mentally handicapping conditions, 4 to 31 years old, who live in a homecare center. Supragingival and subgingival scaling and prophylaxis were attempted during a 5‐minute period and the patient's behavior was assessed. Conscious sedation using a rectal solution of diazepam (Stesolid) was used for those patients with voluntary or involuntary uncooperative behavior that prevented treatment. Twenty‐two subjects (52.4%) were treated without diazepam. The rectal solution of diazepam proved to be a significantly (P < .01) effective agent for behavior modification permitting the successful treatment of 16 (80%) of the 20 remaining subjects. The following behaviors were significantly modified: places hand(s) or arm(s) in front of mouth (P < .01); does not open mouth, lips held firmly together (P < 05); turns head to one side or side to side (P < 05); attempts to grab instruments (P < .05). No relationship was found between the results and the variables of medical history, gender, age, weight, quantity of diazepam administered, routine medication, pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
Use of the periodontal ligament injection in dental care of the patient with hemophilia—a clinical evaluation
Authors: SPULLER RICHARD L.
Published: March 2008

The PDL injection can be effective when used in the dental patient who has hemophilia. In the case reported here, no postoperative complications related to hemorrhage or hematoma formation were recorded. The PDL injection offers the patient with hemophilia improved anesthetic reliability without factor administration for routine dental procedures.
Training dental and nondental professionals together: the oral health gerontology fellows program
Authors: HOLTZMAN JOSEPH M. , BOMBERG THOMAS J. , BERKEY DOUGLAS B. , ENTWISTLE BEVERLY A.
Published: March 2008

This project demonstrated the feasibility of training dental and nondental professionals to develop and implement programs in oral health care of older adults. Eight self‐guided study modules were developed and tested. Trainees drawn from dentistry, dental hygiene, nursing, and planning/administration completed a 6‐month individualized training program under the guidance of faculty mentors. Program structure, content, and implications are discussed.
A comparison of two mobile treatment programs for the homebound and nursing home patient
Authors: CASAMASSIMO PAUL S. , COFFEE LARRY M. , LEVITON FRED J.
Published: March 2008

Two mobile treatment programs using portable equipment transported in vans to serve homebound persons in Denver and Chicago are compared for types of patients treated, use by local dentists, types of services provided, fees generated, and costs involved in operation during the 2‐year period (1985–86). Both programs treated a similar, largely nursing home‐based white female population that was predominantly older. Volunteer dentist participation varied greatly, with more than twice the number of dentists using the service in Chicago. Both programs accomplished essentially the same number of visits for the biennium studied, with 1,324 for Chicago and 1,320 for Denver. The Denver program was more efficient, generating more visits each time a dentist used the program. The services provided in total were about the same for both programs, with Denver generating 4,887 procedures and Chicago 4,602 for the biennium, but Denver had a more favorable ratio of diagnostic to treatment services. The costs of both programs were close, averaging about $60,000 per year. Denver was able to generate far more in equivalent fees than Chicago for the biennium, but Chicago dentists donated a greater percentage of services (67) than did Denver dentists (62).
Dentistry and health maintenance organizations
Authors: BURAKOFF RONALD P.
Published: March 2008

The following report, which considers the history of the medical health maintenance organization and its current application in the dental profession, was presented at the region II annual meeting of the American Association of Hospital Dentists in May 1987 at Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York City.
The relationship of growth hormone to alveolar ridge atrophy in an older male nursing home population
Authors: GOLDBERG ALLEN FRED , MATTSON DALE E. , RUDMAN DANIEL
Published: March 2008

Alveolar bone development has been shown by other investigators to be sensitive to growth hormone concentration in both humans and rodents. Many elderly people are deficient in growth hormone. The cyclic variation in plasma growth hormone concentration that complicates growth hormone measurement is not seen in the plasma somatomedin C (SmC) concentration. Furthermore, SmC is a dependable indicator of growth hormone secretion. It has been established that an SmC level of 0.24 or less is associated with decreased muscle mass and kidney size. We have investigated the relationship of the alveolar bone/supporting (basal) bone (A/B) ratio to the SmC in an elderly male population. These data suggest that growth hormone secretion is not the sole determinant of alveolar bone retention.
Evaluation of cost‐productivity of hospital‐based general practice residency programs
Authors: DAVIS MARK E. , MORHART ROBERT E. , VIDMAR GORDON C. , RHYNE ROBERT R.
Published: March 2008

This study evaluated the 1985 cost‐productivity of staff dentists and general practice residents at 11 dental clinics with general practice residency (GPR) programs and five nonteaching dental clinics in Veterans Administration hospitals. The results indicate that on the basis of dental service production, GPR facilities are or should be as cost‐efficient as nonteaching facilities. It was also found that GP residents can repay a major part of their training costs.
The importance of adequate health care for older persons
Authors: Borski Robert A.
Published: March 2008

The following keynote address by US Rep Robert A. Borski (D‐PA) was presented Aug 8 in Philadelphia during the ninth congress of the International Association of Dentistry for the Handicapped.
Hereditary angioedema: report of case
Authors: Phillips Keith M. , Click Michael , Cohen S. Gary
Published: March 2008

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a life‐threatening disorder triggered by trauma or stress, which causes various organ systems to become edematous. Most mortality is observed secondary to laryngeal edema, caused by dental manipulation. This disorder requires special medical management before dental treatment. Some drugs also exacerbate the disorder. Current methods of treating patients with HAE are presented.

The patient discussed here was treated prophylactically on a short‐term basis, which consisted of C1NH replacement through 2 u FFP 12 hours before surgery, the morning of surgery, and the morning after surgery. Short‐term therapy was administered in conjunction with long‐term therapy, which consisted of 600 to 900 mg danazol daily. Severe edema was effectively treated with 4 to 6 mg intravenous EACA every 6 hours, and 4 mL racemic epinephrine every hour.

Because dental treatment can be life‐threatening to patients with HAE, it is important for dental practitioners to thoroughly examine patients and their medical histories, to recognize signs of the disorder. Because acute airway edema is common in these patients, dental therapy is best delivered in a hospital or where emergency treatment is accessible.
Oral health status and dental needs of an autistic population of children and young adults
Authors: Shapira Joseph , Mann Jonathan , Tamari Israel , Mester Roberto , Knobler Haim , Yoeli Yoel , Newbrun Ernst
Published: March 2008

Behavior of patients with autistic syndrome makes delivery of oral hygiene and dental treatment a problem. In this study, the oral health and needs of two groups of patients with autism were evaluated: noninstitutionalized children with a mean age of 11 and institutionalized adults with a mean age of 22. The latter group had severe periodontal problems; almost half required periodontal surgery. Many of the children also needed periodontal treatment. Adults were found to have lower decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores than functionally independent Israeli persons of the same age. This finding was surprising because institutionalized adults are predisposed to development of dental caries; they frequently consume sweets, have poor oral hygiene, and do not use fluoride. Noninstitutionalized children with autism had caries rates that were similar to rates of functionally independent peers.
Parkinson's disease: a review and recommendations for dental management
Authors: Jolly Daniel E. , Paulson Ruth B. , Paulson George W. , Pike Jon A.
Published: March 2008

Parkinson's disease is one of a group of extra pyramidal diseases characterized by rigidity and tremor. The disease affects about 1 million persons in this country, and is most common in persons older than 55. Parkinson's is disabling and usually progresses from mild to severe, often in less than a decade, and may preclude an individual from accomplishing many activities of daily living, even with current drug therapy. In addition to problems caused by age, dental complications arise from the inability of the individual with Parkinson's to accomplish routine oral hygiene, from changes in salivary flow and due to dysfunction in swallowing. Dental management of individuals with Parkinson's is a multifaceted challenge involving areas of preventive, restorative, and prosthetic dentistry. Support is also required for the psychosocial and behavioral aspects of this common progressive disorder.
Enhancement of a general practice residency program through cooperation by two hospitals
Authors: Mueller William A. , Coke John M.
Published: March 2008

Successful management of hospital dental programs and general practice residencies is challenging in this era of cost containment. The efforts of two hospitals to strengthen their dental departments through greater efficiency of operation, cost controls, and improvements in a general practice residency program are described.
Dental care for HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Barr Charles E. , Rua‐Dobles Ana , Puig Nilda
Published: March 2008

This case‐controlled study compared the types of routine dental services provided to an HIV‐infected group with those provided to an HIV‐negative cohort. No statistical differences in requesting dental treatment (routine or emergency) or in the types of dental treatment provided to the two groups were reported, except in the provision of prosthetic dentistry and the development of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Parents' perception of access to dental care for children with handicapping conditions
Authors: Finger Stephen T. , Jedrychowski Joseph R.
Published: March 2008

Access to dentistry for people with handicapping conditions may be influenced by attitudes within the dental team, financial considerations, self‐image problems, medical conditions, or physical access. This paper reports on a survey of the parents or guardians of children with handicapping conditions regarding perceptions of possible problems in obtaining dental care.

Almost half of the respondents to this survey reported having problems in obtaining dental treatment for their child or in accessing the building. Respondents with problems in obtaining dental care were more likely to have longer periods between dental treatment visits, have had an extraction at their last dental visit, be treated at a hospital, be treated with sedative agents, not have insurance, report their child's dental problems were more severe than other problems, and have terminated their education at an earlier age.
The occurrence of supernumerary teeth with isolated, nonfamilial leopard (multiple lentigines) syndrome: report of case
Authors: Ho Ivan C. K. , O'Donnell David , Rodrigo Chandra
Published: March 2008

A case of leopard syndrome with abnormal dental findings of supernumerary teeth is described. The risks involved with providing dental care to patients with this syndrome is also discussed.
Palliation of radiation‐related mucositis
Authors: Rothwell Bruce R. , Spektor Wendy Schultz
Published: March 2008

Oral mucositis associated with head and neck radiotherapy can substantially hinder completion of cancer therapy. Alleviation of this often severe stomatitis can provide enhanced patient comfort and facilitate appropriate care.

A double‐blind format was used in a pilot project to measure, against a control rinse, the effectiveness of an oral rinse consisting of hydrocortisone, nystatin, tetracycline, and diphenhydramine in controlling radiation‐related mucositis. A combination of clinical evaluation and patient responses to a questionnaire was used to judge the results of the topical medications.

Patients using the experimental medication developed less mucositis than did patients in the control group.
Dental needs related to primary cause for institutionalization
Authors: Gordon Steven R. , McLain Dianne
Published: March 2008

One hundred and forty‐seven dentate residents of a long‐term care facility were examined to determine oral status and need for treatment. The assessment included dental caries (NIDR criteria), oral hygiene index‐simplified, and missing teeth. Caries was further divided into “restorable” and “nonrestorable.” Also, the primary cause for institutionalization was determined.
Oral health in the terminally ill: a cross‐sectional pilot survey
Authors: BDS Michael J. Aldred , BDS Martin Addy , BDS Jeremy Bagg , BS Ilora Finlay MB
Published: March 2008

This study of 20 hospice patients provided baseline information on oral and dental status in the terminally ill. For each patient, a questionnaire was completed, the mouth was examined, and an oral rinse and imprint cultures were collected to establish the prevalence and intra‐oral density of yeasts, staphylococci and coliforms. Oral symptoms reported included disturbance of taste (26%), dysphagia (37%), soreness (42%), and dryness (58%). Of the 75% who wore dentures, 71% had difficulty with their prosthesis (es). A clinical diagnosis of oral candidiasis was made in 70% of subjects. The high prevalence of oral symptoms, denture problems, and candidiasis clearly affect the quality of remaining life in terminally ill patients.
Idiopathic myelofibrosis: dental treatment considerations
Authors: Steelman Robert , Holmes Douglas , Cranston Roberta , Cupp Dolly
Published: March 2008

Idiopathic myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative disorder of unknown origin. The bone marrow becomes fibrotic with an associated decrease in hematopoiesis resulting in anemia, bleeding problems, splenomegaly, and other secondary abnormalities. Although idiopathic myelofibrosis is usually diagnosed in middle age, there have been a few reports of the disorder in the pediatric population. This case report documents dental treatment considerations in a 6‐year‐old female with idiopathic myelofibrosis, severe anemia, and abnormal blood coagulation studies. The patient was successfully treated in a hospital after medical consultation, transfusion of packed red blood cells, and administration of prophylactic antibiotics. Local hemostatic measures following multiple extractions of carious teeth controlled bleeding. No postoperative sequelae occurred.
Dental caries and periodontitis in persons with Down syndrome
Authors: Ulseth Jens Otto , Hestnes Arnulf , Stovner Lars Jacob , Storhaug Kari
Published: March 2008

In a central institution for persons with mental retardation, the dental status in 30 adult patients with Down syndrome was compared with that in a carefully selected group of gender‐and age‐matched mentally retarded patients. This investigation showed an increased frequency of periodontitis in the population with Down syndrome. The caries rate, however, did not differ demonstrably between the groups. Edentulism was more frequent in patients with Down syndrome than in controls, and this fact may substantiate the observation of increased frequency of periodontitis. Caries seems to be less prevalent in institutionalized patients with mental retardation than in the population at large
Effects of chlorhexidine spray on plaque and gingival health in institutionalized persons with mental retardation
Authors: Burtner A. Paul , Low Debra W. , McNeal Donald R. , DDS Thomas M. Hassell , Smith Robert G.
Published: March 2008

In this study, eight institutionalized males received a 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate spray twice daily. A second group of eight males received a placebo spray in the same manner. The results indicated that pump‐administered chlorhexidine spray can effectively reduce plaque and gingivitis in patients with mental retardation who are unable to brush their own teeth
Effects of a 1% chlorhexidine gel on the cariogenic bacteria in high‐risk elders: a pilot study
Authors: Clark D. Christopher , Morgan Jennifer , MacEntee M.I.
Published: March 2008

Root caries in dentate elderly patients is a problem which may be controlled with chlorhexidine. The purpose of this pilot study was to establish the extent and duration of the antimicrobial effects from an intensive regimen of a 1% chlorhexidine gel in institutionalized elders who had experienced high caries activity in the previous year. Stimulated saliva samples from all subjects before treatment produced more than 105 colony forming units/milliliters of Streptococcus mutans (mean: 2.0 × 107; s.d.: 2.0 × 107) when diluted and cultured on Mitus Salivarius‐bacitracin agar for 48 hours. Findings suggest that daily treatments for 1 week with a 1% chlorhexidine gel can reduce the number of cariogenic bacteria in elderly people for approximately 3 weeks after treatment
Treatment modalities for intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma: report of case
Authors: Chockley Brenda , Coke John M.
Published: March 2008

Intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a lesion seen commonly in patients with AIDS. These lesions can interfere with both speech and mastication. The dental team should be aware of the various treatment modalities for KS and the complications associated with these treatments. One of the treatment modalities reviewed here can be safely administered in a dental office.
Radiation‐induced salivary dysfunction: clinical course and significance
Authors: Valdez Ingrid H.
Published: March 2008

Salivary gland dysfunction commonly occurs as a result of radiation therapy for cancers of the head and neck region. The effect of radiation on salivary glands is immediate and predictable. Histologic and sialochemical studies indicate both the acini and ducts are affected. The extent of salivary dysfunction is primarily determined by the radiation field and dose. Radiation‐induced salivary dysfunction is permanent and leads to a host of clinical sequelae, both oral and systemic.
The nation's health care
Authors: McCarthy Carol
Published: March 2008

Carol McCarthy, former president, American Hospital Association, delivered this speech at the 3rd Annual National Conference on special care Issues in Dentistry, April 12,1991, Chicago.
Minimizing risk of infection using a carbon dioxide laser
Authors: Miller Craig S. , Triplett Robert G.
Published: March 2008

The carbon dioxide laser is a surgical device increasingly important to dentistry. The advantages of laser use in the treatment of oral disease have been well documented. Such benefits include bloodless incisions, accurate tissue destruction, reduced pain, minimal swelling, excellent hemostasis, and limited postoperative tissue morbidity. Little information exists currently regarding laser use in the management of medically complex patients, most notably patients with infectious diseases. This article reports the use of the carbon dioxide laser for reducing the risks of disease transmission in the surgical management of an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patient.

The CO2 laser is a surgical instrument gaining increased recognition in dentistry. Because this tool offers important infection control advantages, the laser is recommended for use in the surgical care of patients who harbor bloodborne pathogens. By reducing the risks of occupational transmission, unwarranted fears are minimized concerning the management of infectious patients.