bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in fertility under work-life balance policies and decentralization: A focus on OECD countries
Authors:   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education, Choi Suyun , Shon Jongmin
Published: April 2024

In Korea's Basic Plan for a Low Fertility and Aging Society, the work-life balance policy aims to create a society that works together and takes care of each other, and seeks to promote regional coexistence due to demographic changes. To this end, this study aims to empirically examine the relationship between the characteristics of work-life balance policies and fertility rates in OECD member countries according to the degree of fiscal decentralization. Based on data provided by the OECD and the International Network on Leave Policy and Research, we find that maternity and parental leave are significantly associated with fertility. Maternity leave duration is positively related to fertility, while women's parental leave, both unpaid and paid, is negatively related to fertility. The relationship between decentralization and fertility shows that the more fiscal autonomy local governments have, the higher the fertility rate. Based on the results of the regression analysis, it is necessary to implement policies in the direction of promoting autonomy in the combination of parental leave duration and salary level through the autonomy and discretion of local governments, and strengthening the duration of maternity leave and economic support. This study examines the characteristics and basic elements of leave policies (maternity leave and parental leave), which are key work-life balance policies, and how the degree of decentralization affects fertility rates in 35 OECD countries, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life of not only parents but also infants and young children.
Development and validation of the professional identity scale for preservice early children teachers in China
Authors:   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education, Zhang Xin Yu
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the components of preservice early childhood teachers' professional identity in China and to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the level of preservice early childhood teachers' professional identity.
To identify the factors that constitute preservice early childhood teachers' professional identity, 13 subscales and 62 preliminary items were extracted through literature analysis and in-depth interviews. A Delphi survey was conducted to verify the appropriateness of the items by experts, and exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted to determine the final five components and 33 items.
The final item of the preservice early childhood teacher professional identity Scale was used to test the item favorability, validity, and reliability. The results of the item validity analysis showed that all items met the assumption of normality and showed good item discrimination. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to verify validity, and the model fit of the scale (RMSEA .059) was found to be adequate. In addition, the standardization coefficient (.636 or higher) and average variance extracted (AVE) values of each construct's convergent validity were checked and verified through the covariance correlation between the discriminant validity components. Due to the high correlation of the constructs, multicollinearity among the constructs was tested to confirm their independence. The factor reliability of the scale is more than .867, and the total item reliability is .964, which is very high.
The preservice early childhood teachers' professional identity scale developed in this study proved to be a valid and reliable scale to measure the level of preservice early childhood teachers' professional identity in various training programs in China.
The development and effects of an unplugged coding program for the with 2019 kindergarten curriculum manual
Authors:   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education, Shin Won Ae , Lee Haejung
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop a coding program linked to the Revised Nuri Curriculum and verify its effects on children's creative thinking, learning-related social skills, and logical-mathematical intelligence. In order to achieve this goal, the effectiveness was verified through the steps of establishing the program goal, primary development of the program and modification and supplementation after field application, pre-testing, implementation of an unplugged coding program linked to the Nuri Curriculum for 5-year-old children, and post-testing. The developed program was used to conduct the study, which was carried out for 4 months at J Kindergarten in Hwaseong, where the children of the age of the study subject belong. One of the classes was assigned as the experimental group, and the other as the control group. Collected data from pre and post treatment were statistically analyzed by using covariance(ANCOVA) with SPSS WIN 22.0 program. The result showed that the coding program developed in this research has a positive impact on creative thinking, learning-related social skills, and logical-mathematical intelligence of children. The program built in this study provided meaningful implications for applying and realizing coding education in early childhood education.
The relationship between fathers’ online involvement and parental satisfaction
Authors:   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education, Park Ju-Mi , Jeon Yoo young
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between fathers' online involvement and parental satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 438 fathers among parents of daycare centers located in Gyeonggi-do. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to understand the characteristics of the study subjects and the relationship between each variable. The results of this study were as follows. First, the level of the father's online involvement was at a medium level. Among the sub-factors of online involvement, ‘sharing responsibility for child-rearing’ and ‘leisure time with children’ were relatively high. And the father's parental satisfaction was found to be at a slightly high level. According to the results of the sub-question, it was high in the order of sharing photos and videos of children with spouses, discussing children's development, finding out performance information and ticket reservations to live a cultural life with children, checking usage information on the website to go to amusement facilities with children, and purchasing educational supplies necessary for children. Second, there was a positive correlation between father's online involvement and parental satisfaction, and father's online involvement was found to have a significant impact on parental role satisfaction. This study revealed the reality and value of fathers' online parenting participation in modern society where technology is used in all aspects of life. In particular, the results show that fathers are more active in communicating with their spouses than taking a leading role with their children online, which is expected to have implications for establishing father support policies to help them become active caregivers.
A study on the perception of teachers in the early child writing guidance process
Authors:   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education, Lee Min-Young
Published: April 2024

This study attempted to find the direction and attitude of desirable writing instruction that early childhood teachers should pursue by examining the perceptions of teachers formed through the process of guiding early childhood writing. To this end, individual and group in-depth interviews were conducted with four kindergarten teachers with around 10 years of experience teaching writing for various young children. As a result of examining the writing guidance process of the research participants, teachers' perceptions were examined in two main aspects. First, in terms of practical knowledge, teachers were able to understand children's writing through writing guidance. In other words, by comparing children's writing with adults' writing, the role of teachers in children's writing, and the necessary conditions for children's independent writing, we learned the characteristics of children's writing. Second, teachers were able to form their own educational beliefs through writing guidance in terms of emotional values. In other words, through the dilemma experienced in the environment surrounding children, the change in values experienced by experiencing various writing materials, and the derivation of points that should be reflected in the actual writing guidance, they came to have their own beliefs for writing guidance. It is expected that children's writing will be activated and teachers' capabilities will be strengthened by using these research results as basic data.
ПЛОХА ЛИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКАЯ ЖИЗНЬ: ДИСКУССИЯ С ДЭВИДОМ БЕНАТАРОМ
Authors: Левит Л. З.
Published: April 2024

Стаття присвячена дискусії з професором Д. Бенатар. Відомий філософ доводить вплив на людську психіку негативно забарвленої інформації в порівнянні з позитивною. Автору статті уявляється помилковою теорія опонента, згідно з якою життєва рівновага індивіда досягається лише тому, що «обʼєктивно» поганому існування протистоїть завищений оптимізм (позитивні ілюзії). Подібна рівновага досягається за рахунок протистояння вищезазначеним позитивним ілюзіям і більшою схильністю психіки до негативних впливів, а життя варто розглядати як умовно «нейтральну».
СПЕЦИФІКА ЗВʼЯЗКУ ОСОБИСТІСНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ТА ПЕРЕЖИВАННЯ САМОТНОСТІ ЧОЛОВІКАМИ ЗРІЛОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Стеценко І.І. , Кубриченко Т.В.
Published: April 2024

Проаналізовано феномен самотності, описано види самотності (дисоційована, дифузна та відчужуюча), її типи (негативна та позитивна, хронічна та ситуативна), глибину, рівні та причини виникнення. Наведено результати емпіричного дослідження специфіки зв’язку особистісних характеристик та переживання самотності чоловіками зрілого віку. Виявлено наявність позитивного кореляційного зв’язку між особистісними характеристиками й глибиною переживання самотності, видами та рівнем суб’єктивного переживання самотності.
Динаміка таксаційних показників ялинових деревостанів на північно-східному макросхилі Українських Карпат
Authors: Lavnyy Vasyl , Matusevych Olexandr
Published: April 2024

Досліджено динаміку таксаційних показників деревостанів у двох переважаючих типах ялинових лісів ‒ вологій буково-ялицевій сусмеречині та вологій високогірній сусмеречині на 41 пробній ділянці загальною площею 7,225 га на території Івано-Франківської, Львівської та Чернівецької областей. Пробні ділянки було закладено у лісостанах як природного, так і штучного походження різної повноти. Вони знаходилися у лісах різних категорій, на схилах різної експозиції та стрімкості. Вік досліджених ялинових деревостанів становив від 31 до 157 років. Запаси стовбурової деревини в ялинових деревостанах залежно від віку, класу бонітету, висоти над рівнем моря та повноти змінюються від 207 до 1044 м3∙га-1.

Згідно розробленої моделі прогнозу росту ялинових деревостанів І класу бонітету в умовах вологої високогірної сусмеречини, у віці 100 років вони будуть мати такі таксаційні показники: середню висоту ‒ 29,6 м, середній діаметр ‒ 31,8 см, суму площ поперечних перерізів ‒ 40,4 м2, густоту ‒ 510 дерев/га, запас стовбурової деревини ‒ 563 м3∙га-1. В умовах вологої буково-ялицевої сусмеречини ялинові деревостани Іа класу бонітету у віці 100 років будуть мати такі таксаційні показники: середню висоту ‒  33,4 м, середній діаметр ‒ 39,8 см, суму площ поперечних перерізів ‒ 41,2 м2, густоту ‒ 331 дерев/га, запас стовбурової деревини ‒ 652 м3∙га-1.

Середня зміна запасу (без урахування відпаду) у віці 100 років за переважаючої відносної повноти 0,7 у вологій високогірній сусмеречині становить 5,7 м3∙га-1, а у вологій буково-ялицевій сусмеречині ‒ 6,6 м3∙га-1 за рік. Для нормальних деревостанів з відносною повнотою 1,0 вона може досягати щорічно відповідно 8,1 м3∙га-1 у типі лісу С3–См і 9,4 м3∙га-1 – у типі лісу С3–бк-яцСм.

Результати порівняння отриманої моделі динаміки таксаційних показників ялинових деревостанів з існуючими таблицями ходу росту Є.І. Цурика та Г.А. Ходота показали незначні відхилення. Максимальна розбіжність (29,7%) існує за густотою ялинових деревостанів в умовах вологої буково-ялицевої сусмеречини.
POR UMA HISTÓRIA CULTURAL DA IMPRENSA NO CENTRO-OESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Maria Ribeiro Borges Rosana , Luiz Fernandes Mario , Félix de Oliveira Wéber
Published: April 2024

As atividades jornalísticas e tipográficas foram inauguradas no Centro-Oeste do Brasil por meio do jornal A Matutina Meiapontense (1830-1834) que era impresso na Typographia D’Oliveira, localizada no arraial de Meia Ponte (atual cidade de Pirenópolis), na província de Goyaz. Capelato (1988) e Barbosa (2013) analisam este momento como um período de expansão dos periódicos brasileiros, enquanto Borges e Barbosa (2021) explicam que, contrariando uma negativa do Palácio Imperial e com financiamento privado, o impresso goiano iluminista que defendia o constitucionalismo monárquico foi tão contraditório quanto o seu fundador, o comendador Joaquim Alves de Oliveira, comerciante de mercadorias e de pessoas.1
O INIMIGO DO IMPÉRIO: O AMIGO DO POVO
Authors: Regina Rêgo Ana , Leal Ranielle , Ferreira Vinícius
Published: April 2024

Entre a memória e a escrita da história há um hiato temporal em que Cronos se impõe. Contudo, entre a mãe Mnemosyne, Deusa da memória, e a filha Clio, Musa da história, existe um processo inter-relacional e de retroalimentação em que os jogos de enquadramentos, escolhas e silenciamentos se apresentam, às vezes, por intervenções intencionais de poder e onde o rio de Lete (rio do Esquecimento) termina por ser beneficiado, caso um movimento intencional de investigação e operação historiográfica (Certeau, 2011) não se estabeleça.
Major Precedents and commentary on the 2023 Criminal Law
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Ahn Kyongok
Published: April 2024

In 2023, there were fewer en banc decisions compared to 2022. While there were 7 en banc decisions related to criminal law in 2022, with 6 focusing on criminal law issues, the number decreased to 3 in 2023. However, the significance of this change should not be underestimated. Among these cases, a notable en banc decision redefined the meaning of assault and intimidation in the context of forcible molestation, representing an effort to align the legal decisions with contemporary societal trends.
Additionally, there was a noticeable increase in en banc decisions related to stalking crimes and special criminal laws, shedding light on issues and challenges prevalent in these areas beyond basic criminal law. In the context of criminal law, there were numerous significant rulings pertaining to the co-perpetrators of negligent crimes and infringements on self-defense, specifically addressing the contemporaneity of self-defense (meaning not determined solely based on the formal completion of the criminal act but extending until the situation of harm to one's own or others' legal interests has ceased).
In 2023, in terms of the legitimate exercise of the state's right to punish, there were many efforts to modify en banc decisions that extended beyond the literal interpretation of the law or to provide clarification on the meaning of legal provisions. While the ideal resolution for legal shortcomings would be through legislative measures, the impracticality of enacting legislation to address every situation necessitates the application of the law through judges' reasonable interpretation. Therefore, the positive aspect lies in not rendering outcome-oriented judgments based on the principle of proportionality. However, it is necessary to consider criticism that calls for clearer and more comprehensible improvements to the Supreme Court's en banc decisions, which currently restrict legal principles through their power of authoritative interpretation.
Furthermore, it is noteworthy that many elements, which are not explicitly stipulated in the basic criminal law but are present in various special criminal laws, can be evaluated as serious crimes. To enhance the effectiveness of crime regulation and the general preventive impact, systematic legislative adjustments within the criminal law framework for these crime elements are essential.
A study of Supreme Court Decisions on Criminal Procedure in 2023
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Suh Bo-Hack
Published: April 2024

In 2023, there were numerous Supreme Court rulings in the field of criminal procedure law. Among them, eleven important judgments with substantial meanings related to criminal practice, theory, and guarantee of basic rights of the people were selected to introduce the issues and to give a brief review. The main judgments introduced in the paper include the following; ① A ruling that determined that it was illegal to newly search and print a copy of the imaging created during the seizure and search of electronic information in the preceding case for the purpose of investigating criminal charges against an accomplice after the judgment in the preceding case was already confirmed, ② A ruling against the need to recognize the right of the principal offender to participate in the case where a person concealing evidence arbitrarily submits the information storage medium after being incited to conceal it by the person in question, ③ A ruling that in cases of an offence unpunishable over objection, an adult guardian cannot decide not to seek punishment on behalf of a victim who is incompetent, ④ A ruling acknowledging the admissibility of video footage taken without a warrant by an investigative agency at the scene of a crime during or immediately after the crime, ⑤ The Supreme Court ruling that Article 60-6, Paragraph 1 of the Military Criminal Act applies to assaults between Korean soldiers and others that occurred at U.S. military bases in Korea (excluding the application of impunity against will), ⑥ A ruling that determines the degree of reliability of the suspect's statement at the investigation stage as a condition for acknowledging the evidentiary capacity of the investigator's testimony, ⑦ A ruling that acknowledged the admissibility of a phone call recording between the defendant and an individual, which was secretly recorded by the individual, ⑧ Judgment that determines the meaning of ‘when the contents are acknowledged’ in Article 312, Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Procedure Act and the requirements for the admissibility of evidence of the defendant’s accomplice written by the prosecutor, ⑨ A ruling that a decision must be made explicitly on whether to grant permission for a prosecutor's request to change the indictment, ⑩ A ruling that set strict sentencing conditions for the original trial verdict that sentenced the death penalty, ⑪ Judgment explaining the scope of adjudication of the supreme court and the remand trial on the main and reserve indictments, ⑫ Judgments explaining the requirements for trial without attendance at the appellate trial and the requirements for public notice, ⑬ A ruling that explains the scope of the effect of a final judgment on some of the concurrent offences.
Through active criticism of the above rulings and discussions, many developments are expected in the field of criminal procedure law case and theory this year.
Analysis of the Supreme Court Cases in 2023: the Law of Real Rights and the Law of Claims
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Kang Hyelim
Published: April 2024

In this paper, among the major precedents of the Supreme Court on civil matters in the year of 2023, I analyzed the meaning and contents of 7 important decisions (focused on the law of real rights and claims). The Supreme Court explicitly ruled for the first time that in the so-called ‘mutual deprivation of the possession of his/her property,’ the claim for recovery of possession by the preceding encroacher could not be allowed. The Supreme Court repeatedly has held that claims by road site owners to local governments for land handover, road demolition, and traffic closures are, in principle, an abuse of rights. With respect to the claims of unjust enrichment, the Supreme Court also repeatedly states the legal principles of abandoning the exclusive right to use and profit. Although the legal principle is controversial in academia, in practice, it is firmly established as a useful legal principle in determining whether a claim for return of unjust enrichment is accept or not between the road site owners and the local governments. The Supreme Court explicitly ruled for the first time that a third party who acquired ownership after the unauthorized rental act by a person having a right of retention can also exercise the right to demand the extinction of the right of retention. In the past three years, there have been three Supreme Court rulings, including the target judgment in 2023, on issues that have been mainly disputed in academic fields regarding the right to demand the extinction of the right of retention, and it seems that many of the major issues regarding the right to demand the extinction of the right of retention have been settled through precedents. For the second time since 2017, the Supreme Court applied the ‘high probability theory with respect to obligee’s right of revocation’ to determine whether a claim based on continuous product supply contract arising after a fraudulent transfer is a claim protected by the law of revocation of the fraudulent transfer.
A Study on the Establishment of the Fourth National Action Plan for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights: Focusing on the Tasks in the Area of Civil and Political Rights
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Hong Kwan-pyo
Published: April 2024

It has been more than a year since the end of the 3rd National Action Plan for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (NAP), which had its five-year implementation period from 2018 to 2022, but the 4th NAP has not yet been established. Originally, the 4th NAP should have been established as a five-year plan from 2023 to 2027, but since it is already 2024, it should be established as a five-year plan from 2024 to 2028. The NAP, which was initially established in 2007, had a one-year gap in 2016 when the 2nd NAP was ended, but at that time, there were special circumstances in which the presidential election was held due to the impeachment of the president of Park Geun Hye. And it is very unusual that the establishment of the government’s basic policy plan has been delayed for more than a year without such special circumstances.
In July 2022, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea (NHRCK) has already adopted the recommended draft for the 4th NAP and recommended the President to establish the 4th NAP. Of course, the Ministry of Justice, which is in charge of establishing the NAP within the government, was not just sitting idle. The evaluation of implementation the 3rd NAP had been conducted through external research services from April to August 2022, and a public hearing was held in August 2023 to listen to the opinions of experts in related human rights fields while presenting the draft of the 4th NAP. However, since this public hearing, the establishment process of the 4th NAP has been continuously delayed for nearly seven months.
I hope that the 4th NAP, which is a government’s blueprint for human rights policy of the Republic of Korea over the next five years, will be established without further delay, and I will examine the composition and individual tasks of the 4th NAP, focusing on the tasks for the civil and political rights.
Compensation for Designation of Wetlands Protection Area and Contract of Payment for Ecosystem Service
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Chun Kyoung-Un , Kim Seon-Yeong
Published: April 2024

The Wetland Conservation Act was enacted in 1999 as an implementation law of the Ramsar Convention to efficiently conserve and manage wetlands that are a treasure trove of biodiversity and have the function of purifying pollutants. Designation of wetland protection areas and restrictions on activities under the Wetland Conservation Act are inevitable regulations to achieve the public interest purpose of wetland conservation, but since a significant portion of Korea's inland wetlands are private land, it creates the problem of restrictions on the exercise of ownership rights for land owners. The Wetlands Conservation Act only recognizes the provision of compensation for losses suffered due to wetland surveys and the right to claim purchase by land owners. However, it is appropriate for Korea's Wetland Conservation Act to also establish a new regulation that recognizes claims for compensation in cases where land cannot be used for its original purpose due to designation as a wetland protection area or when the owner incurs property loss due to restrictions on land use.
There is a need to expand the introduction of economic incentive policies that have the effect of improving the efficiency of environmental conservation policies or promoting innovation based on the voluntariness of economic actors. The introduction of the contract of payment for ecosystem service under the Biodiversity Act, which took effect in 2020, has the purpose of shifting the paradigm of environmental conservation from regulation-centered to incentive-based. In order for the contract of payment for ecosystem service to be activated in the future, supplementation or expansion is necessary in terms of contract recipients, contract target area, target business type, and contract period. Private landowners within wetland protection areas can alleviate or supplement problems such as restrictions on land ownership by signing an contract of payment for ecosystem service to create and manage wetlands and receive compensation. However, since this is a factual problem and not a fundamental legal solution, provisions such as compensation should be enacted in the Wetland Conservation Act.
In addition, wetland conservation and management can be strengthened through contract of payment for ecosystem service, so active use of this is necessary. Since the limitations of wetland conservation management under the Wetland Conservation Act can be supplemented through contract of payment for ecosystem services under the Biological Diversity Act, there is a need to actively utilize contract of payment for ecosystem service. The contract of payment for ecosystem service can efficiently conserve and manage wetlands based on cooperation and active management activities with land owners.
Unsolved problem about stability of stochastic difference equations with continuous time and distributed delay
Authors: Shaikhet Leonid
Published: April 2024

Despite the fact that the theory of stability of continuous-time difference equations has a long history, is well developed and very popular in research, there is a simple and clearly formulated problem about the stability of stochastic difference equations with continuous time and distributed delay, which has not been solved for more than 13 years. This paper offers to readers some generalization on this unsolved problem in the hope that it will help move closer to its solution.
A drónok szerepe a terrortámadásokban – A fenyegetés új dimenziója
Authors: Sabjanics István , Horváth Illés
Published: April 2024

Összefoglalás.

A dróntechnológia alapjainak katonai alkalmazása a II. világháború folyamán
terjedt el, és hamarosan a koreai háború (1950–1953) kulcsfontosságú hírszerzési
eszközévé vált. A 2000-es évekig az UAV-k (pilóta nélküli légi járművek)
gyártásának és forgalmazásának monopóliuma kizárólag a hadiipar kezében volt, de
a technológiában rejlő hatalmas lehetőségek gyorsan meghódították a civil
szektort, és a gyártás önálló iparággá fejlődött. A piac robbanása alighanem
forradalmasította a technológiát. Ennek következtében a drónok mérete csökkent,
hatótávolságuk jelentősen megnövekedett. A piac által indikált technológiai
fejlődés azonban nem csupán a laikus felhasználókat fogta meg, de az
irreguláris, illetőleg a terrorista szervezetekre is komoly hatást gyakorolt. A
technológiában rejlő potenciált hamar felismerték, így nemcsak integrálták, de
kettős célok érdekében tovább is fejlesztették. 1990-től 2018-ig 14 olyan
támadás történt, amelyben az elkövetők házilag, kereskedelmi forgalomban kapható
alkatrészek felhasználásával készített UAV-t használtak. Jelen tanulmány célja,
hogy megvilágítsa a drónok alkalmazásának lehetőségeit a terrorista csoportok
körében, valamint, hogy rámutasson a lehetséges védelmi és biztonsági
intézkedésekre.

Summary.

The military application of the fundamentals of drone technology spread during
World War II (1939-1945) and soon became a key intelligence tool in the Korean
War (1950-1953). Until the 2000s, the monopoly over the production and marketing
of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) was held exclusively by the military
industry, but the enormous potential of the technology quickly conquered the
civilian sector, and manufacturing developed into an industry in its own right.
The explosion of the market revolutionised the technology. It significantly
reduced their size, increased their power capacity and, although there was also
a significant change in rotor size, their power and range increased
exponentially. At the same time, advances have also had a very positive impact
on control: the ability to follow a person or object without direct pilot
intervention, the ability to program an autonomous flight path on the user
interface, the ability to return to the pilot in the event of signal loss, the
ability to avoid obstacles in complex environments thanks to advanced optical
sensors, and the cameras on some models with facial recognition technology. The
use of drone technology by irregular organisations or terrorists dates back to
the 1990s, and by 2018 there had been 14 terrorist attacks in which the
perpetrators had used a homemade UAV using commercially available parts. The aim
of this study is to shed light on the motivation of extremist groups and the
potential for the use of drones. In addition, take stock of the possible ways of
protection.
Working on the Clinical Frontline During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jack Barbara A , Kirton Jennifer A , Groves Karen E , Abrams Martin , Bray Dominic G , Lloyd-Williams  Mari
Published: April 2024

Hospital chaplaincy teams played a vital role during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the full depth of their experiences and personal impacts is not fully known. This UK study was advertised using social media platforms, local press outlets and chaplaincy professional bodies. An electronic survey was completed by 63 hospital chaplains, with the opportunity for all respondents to participate in follow-up interviews. This option was taken up by seven chaplains and explored the personal impacts, experiences and reflections of working during the pandemic. Their views of the impact of initiatives, practices and organizational changes were explored. Themes included: (1) challenges and personal impact, including reflections on the enormity of the situation, personal fears and sacrifices, and clinical challenges; (2) practical solutions, including personal strategies and the support of colleagues; and (3) organizational issues and suggestions. This article concludes with recommendations for organizations and further research.
Impressive and Prolonged Response with Lenvatinib in a Highly Pretreated Patient with Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Demurtas Sara , Frascaroli Mara , Sottotetti Federico , Rametta Alessandro , Procopio Giuseppe , Locati Laura Deborah
Published: April 2024

Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) can occur in young people and could be associated with an aggressive behavior. While for the first-line treatment in metastatic disease, there is an agreement to rely on an immunotherapy (IO)-based combination regimen, no standard second-line regimens exist. Generally, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are employed, even in sequence, although no trials have demonstrated yet the best succession. Herein, we present the case of a 39-year-old male, with a very aggressive ccRCC with somatic VHL mutation and distant metastases at diagnosis. He was treated with four different lines of therapies, including TKIs, with progressive multiple tumor deposits. Lenvatinib alone as the fifth line was able to induce a remarkable and prolonged tumor shrinkage with manageable toxicities.
Analysis of Healthcare-associated Infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Colombian hospital
Authors:   Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia. Hospital Internacional de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia., Wintaco Luz M. , Quintero-Lesmes Doris C. ,   Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Bucaramanga Colombia., Vargas-Soler José A. ,   Hospital Internacional de Colombia, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia., Barrera Diego M. ,   Hospital Internacional de Colombia, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia., Palacio Laura N. ,   Hospital Internacional de Colombia, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia., Granados Ulises ,   Hospital Internacional de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia., Uribe Luis G. ,   Hospital Internacional de Colombia, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections pose a significant challenge, contributing to hospital morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe the behavior of Healthcare Associated Infections before and during the pandemic reported to a high-complexity health institution in Colombia. Material and Methods: In our retrospective observational study on Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), we analyzed data from all in-patients diagnosed with HAIs between 2018 and 2020. This included clinical, demographic, microbiological, and microbial susceptibility information collected from the Committee on Nosocomial Infections' prospective database. Data from 391 isolates were obtained using Whonet software for antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Results: We found 504 cases of HAIs (2018-2020) with an overall in-hospital infection rate of 2.55/1000 patient-days. The median age for pediatric patients was 5 years, and for adults, 56 years, with 57% male. The leading admission diagnoses were oncologic disease complications (31%). Bacteremia had a 30-day mortality rate of 13%, predominantly catheter-associated (37%). Gram-negative bacilli, notably Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, represented 58% cases of HAI. Discussion: The critical need for specific interventions and antimicrobial management to control HAIs, especially given the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, is highlighted. Conclusions: This is the first report on HAIs incidence at a tertiary hospital in Bucaramanga, Santander (Colombia). Bacteremia was predominant; 75% of HAIs patients had comorbidities. Gram-negative bacilli prevailed; a notable rise in ICU respiratory infections occurred during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems was prevalent.
HIGH-SPEED VIDEO IMAGE ANALYSIS OF LIQUID METAL ATOMIZATION PROCESS
Authors: Zerwas Alexander Ariyoshi , Avila Kerstin , de Paiva José Luís , Guardani Roberto , Achelis Lydia , Fritsching Udo
Published: April 2024

Gas-assisted atomization is used to produce metal powders for additive manufacturing. In these systems
the primary atomization governs the powder size distribution, but it is experimentally challenging
to investigate. In this study, the primary atomization of a molten metal spray was monitored with
a calibrated high-speed camera and digital image processing. The technique enabled the generation of
spatio-temporal maps at different distances from the nozzle. Among the characteristics of the spray,
mean values and standard deviation of the spray width along the spraying direction, and the frequency
of the oscillation of the spray boundaries are presented. Statistically relevant spray asymmetries were
identified, which can be caused by faulty spray operation in form of a localized metal solidification at
the pouring nozzle. By systematically varying the gas temperature and the gas atomization pressure,
it is shown that heating of the gas up to 573 K stabilizes the spraying process and enhances the liquid
dispersion in the recirculation zone.
FLUID FORCES ON INCLINED PLANES DURING DAM BREAK SCENARIOS: TOWARDS A GENERAL FORMULA
Authors: Gerdabi Jafar , Esmaeili-Sikarudi Mohammad A.
Published: April 2024

This research paper aims to address the calculation of total force on an inclined plane in the context of dam break
induced flow impingement with structures, which are typically complex and require either experimental or numerical simulation techniques for accurate results. Analytical solutions are often not feasible for a wide range of such problems due to their inherent complexity. The primary objective of this study is to develop a general formula for calculating the total force on a plane in the path of a dam break, considering all relevant parameters that can affect the force result. To achieve this objective, the study employs data-driven analysis and dimensional analysis to generate new formulas. The Finite-Volume Method (FVM) with the volume of fluid (VOF) scheme, along with turbulence models, is utilized to simulate the problem using STAR-CCM+ software. The results demonstrate that by utilizing appropriate nondimensional relations for force and time, all force-time curves converge towards a unique curve with acceptable accuracy. The nondimensionalization approach can assist researchers to move toward practical formulas for a wide range of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems, and the results obtained are reliable and accurate.
Zihinsel İş Yükünün Duygusal Tükenme ve Duyarsızlaşma Üzerindeki Etkisinde Presenteeismin Aracılık Rolü: Muhasebe Meslek Mensupları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: Ersarı Taşkesen Göknur , Özşahin Koç Filiz , Karacaoğlu Korhan
Published: April 2024

Tükenmişliğin alt boyutlarından olan duygusal tükenme ve duyarsızlaşma, işyerinde ve örgütsel psikolojide kötü ruh sağlığının önemli bir göstergesidir. Bu makalede, duygusal tükenmeye ve duyarsızlaşmaya yol açan öncüllerden zihinsel iş yükü ve presenteeisme odaklanılmaktadır. Araştırmada zihinsel iş yükünün duygusal tükenmeye ve duyarsızlaşmaya etki edeceği ve bu etkide presenteeismin aracılık rolü üstleneceği varsayılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı muhasebe meslek mensuplarının yaşadığı zihinsel iş yükünün, presenteeismi, duygusal tükenmeyi ve duyarsızlaşmayı nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Kayseri Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavirler Odası’na kayıtlı 318 muhasebe meslek mensubuna anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 24 ve IBM AMOS 24 programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sunucunda muhasebe meslek mensuplarının maruz kaldığı zihinsel iş yükünün nispeten yüksek olduğu ve zihinsel iş yükünün presenteeismi, duygusal tükenmeyi ve duyarsızlaşmayı artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca presenteeismin, hem zihinsel iş yükü ile duygusal tükenme arasındaki ilişkiye hem de zihinsel iş yükü ile duyarsızlaşma arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiği görülmüştür.
Rehabilitation following Medial Meniscus tear and Lateral Tibial Plateau fracture managed conservatively: A Case Report
Authors:   Associate Professor, Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, Mangalore, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India., Priya S  , Krishna Harish S ,   Professor, Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, Mangalore, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India., Gupta Komal R ,   Post graduate student, Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, Mangalore, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India.
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Dashboard injuries with forced lateral rotation of the leg can cause tibial plateau fractures with medial meniscus and ACL injuries. Tibial plateau fractures are difficult to treat and can have devastating effects such as discomfort, deformity, restricted ROM causing early degenerative changes in the knee joint. The purpose of this case report is to explain the physiotherapy intervention options and to assess their success in the conservative management of such injury. Case description: 33-year-old female presented to physical therapy with severe pain over the right knee while standing, unable to bend or straighten the knee and had a feeling of giving away of knee while walking since the time patient experienced a fall from her motorcycle. The condition was managed with supervised and unsupervised physiotherapy for 8 weeks. Intervention consisted of patient’s education about the condition, immobilization, electrotherapeutic modalities, exercise therapy, posture, gait, balance and proprioception training and counselling for 8 weeks, six days a week, for 45–60 minutes each day. Outcome: The patient gained the knee ROM and strength in the lower extremities while achieving all short-term goals. She began ambulating independently and was mobile and autonomous in most situations. Her Oxford knee score improved by 75%. Discussion: It has been demonstrated that physical therapy interventions are helpful in reducing patients' functional limitations. Due to a lack of supporting data, this case report describes specific procedures that were used to reduce functional restrictions caused by a medial meniscus rupture and a lateral tibial plateau fracture. KEYWORDS: Meniscal cartilage, intra-articular fracture, physical therapy, ambulation, functional status.
TOWARDS DRAFTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) LEGISLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Sizwe Snail Ka Mtuze  , Masego Morige
Published: April 2024

Artificial Intelligence also abbreviated as “AI” has been the subject of much legal debate and legal writing. This article seeks to identify internationally accepted AI principles and norms that are contained in the South African Constitution. This article also seeks to identify policy such as the PC4IR Report and legislation that regulates and accommodates the use of AI in South Africa. What emerges clearly is that there has never been a deliberate attempt to legislate AI, and that the legislation referred to is applicable by coincidence not intention. The article goes on to highlight African and BRICS policies and best practices on AI, European best practices and legal norms and values on AI, and the draft EU AI Act. The article concludes with a recommendation that South Africa introduce AI legislation as a matter of urgency.
Reconsideration of the laminin receptor 67LR in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Cloutier Gabriel , Beaulieu Jean-François
Published: April 2024

The 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) was identified as the first laminin receptor shown to be involved in the carcinogenesis of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. While the exact composition of this 67 kDa receptor remains unknown, it has been reported to be formed by the 37 kDa ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) covalently attached to another unidentified protein. The goal of this study was to clarify the molecular structure of 67LR to enhance our understanding of its role in malignancies. Using cell fractionation of colorectal cancer cells, the 67 kDa immunoreactive protein corresponding to 67LR was found in the soluble protein fraction, while some of the 37 kDa RPSA exhibited plasma membrane-like properties. Proteomic analysis of the 67 kDa fraction revealed the absence of RPSA but identified the β-galactosidase-related 67 kDa elastin-binding protein (67EBP), another laminin binding receptor which presents amino acid sequence similarities that can explain the immune cross reactivity with RPSA. The downregulation of β-galactosidase through short hairpin RNA (shRNA) led to a reduction in both 67LR and 67EBP immunoreactive proteins, confirming the misidentification of 67LR and 67EBP in colorectal cancer cells. Based on these findings, we propose to redefine the 67LR as the RPSA-containing laminin receptor (RCLR) to avoid confusion with the 67EBP.
Automated BioID sample preparation v1
Authors: Cirri Emilio , Knaudt Hannah , Di Fraia Domenico , Pömpner Nadine , Rahnis Norman , Heinze Ivonne , Ori Alessandro , Dau Therese
Published: April 2024

We introduce an automated workflow for proximity dependent biotinylation on a liquid handler to process up to 96 samples at a time,combined with shorter liquid chromatography gradients and data-independent acquisition to increase analysis throughput and enable reproducible protein quantitation
Cyanobacteria and microalgae as potential sources of biofertilizers: a review
Authors:   Universidad CES, Marín-Marín Camila , Estrada José Alberto ,   Universidad CES, Delgado-Naranjo Juan Martín ,   Universidad CES, Zapata-Ocampo Paola Andrea ,   Universidad CES, Peñuela-Vásquez Mariana ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: April 2024

Cyanobacteria and microalgae represent promising sources for sustainable production of biofertilizers and biostimulants, which can improve crop yield and quality and contribute to food security. However, despite their potential, their exploration remains incomplete, hindered by technical and economic challenges that arise when attempting to scale up production. The primary focus of this review is to delve into the active chemical compounds responsible for the biofertilizing and biostimulating roles of cyanobacteria and microalgae. In addition, it explores the essential unit operations involved in transforming their biomass into potential bioproducts. Moreover, this review highlights studies that have employed cyanobacteria and microalgae as sources of biofertilizer in various crops, describing their mode of action and application. By integrating cyanobacteria and microalgae processing with other advanced biotechnological, the viability of these products for sustainable agriculture can be significantly enhanced.
CONCEPT, TYPES AND CONSEQUENCES OF LANGUAGE CONTACTS: NEW APPROACHES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Korbozerova Nina , Obruchnikova Olena ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2024

The article studies a series of problems connected with the definition of linguistic contacts, such as the complicated sociolinguistic, linguocognitive and ethnic-cultural phenomenon. Such contact is accompanied by the specific processes of linguistic interferences, linguistic code change and linguistic borrowings. Linguistic contacts are due to non-linguistic phenomena such as population migration, the coexistence of different ethnic groups in the same territory or in the surrounding area, wars, colonization, political, economic, cultural and educational connections. Language contacts are closely linked with types of interethnic cultural contacts. There are several types of linguistic contacts: contacts according to their duration and stability; according to direct and indirect connections; contacts between related and unrelated languages; contacts with unilateral and with mutual influence; marginal and intraregional contacts; casual and permanent contacts; natural and artificial contacts. The consequences of language contacts. Language contacts are based on linguistic and sociolinguistic phenomena. Due to its significant nature, three aspects of language contact are distinguished: the consequences of language contact that affect the language; the consequences that concern the speaker of a language and the consequences that have effects on communication. Due to their duration, the consequences of linguistic contacts can be short-term and long-term. As a result of linguistic contacts can be formed pidgins and creole languages, which are the adstratum phenomena, or one of the contacted languages can be assimilated with the won/winning language, which are the substratum or superstratum phenomena. The different linguistic levels of linguistic contacts have a very stable character: the most stable is the lexical level, the least stable are the phonology and morphology levels.