bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Target for Production of Technetium-99m by Biomedical Cyclotron
Authors: Skliarova Hanna , Cisternino Sara , Cicoria Gianfranco , Marengo Mario , Palmieri Vincenzo
Published: December 2018

Technetium-99m (99mTc) is the most used radionuclide worldwide in nuclear medicine for diagnostic imaging procedures. 99mTc is typically extracted from portable generators containing 99Mo, which is produced normally in nuclear reactors as a fission product of highly enriched Uranium material. Due to unexpected outages or planned and unplanned reactor shutdown, significant 99mTc shortages appeared as a problem since 2008 The alternative cyclotron-based approach through the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction is considered one of the most promising routes for direct 99mTc production in order to mitigate potential 99Mo shortages. The design and manufacturing of appropriate cyclotron targets for the production of significant amounts of a radiopharmaceutical for medical use is a technological challenge. In this work, a novel solid target preparation method was developed, including sputter deposition of a dense, adherent, and non-oxidized Mo target material onto a complex backing plate. The latter included either chemically resistant sapphire or synthetic diamond brazed in vacuum conditions to copper. The target thermo-mechanical stability tests were performed under 15.6 MeV proton energy and different beam intensities, up to the maximum provided by the available GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA) PET trace medical cyclotron. The targets resisted proton beam currents up to 60 µA (corresponding to a heat power density of about 1 kW/cm2) without damage or Mo deposited layer delamination. The chemical stability of the proposed backing materials was proven by gamma-spectroscopy analysis of the solution obtained after the standard dissolution procedure of irradiated targets in H2O2.
Full-Dimensional Ab Initio Potential Energy Surface and Vibrational Energy Levels of Li2H
Authors: Ahn Furudate Michiko , Hagebaum-Reignier Denis , Jeung Gwang-Hi
Published: December 2018

We built a full-dimensional analytical potential energy surface of the ground electronic state of Li2H from ca. 20,000 ab initio multi-reference configuration interaction calculations, including core–valence correlation effects. The surface is flexible enough to accurately describe the three dissociation channels: Li (2s 2S) + LiH (1Σ+), Li2 (1Σg+) + H (1s 2S) and 2Li (2s 2S) + H (1s 2S). Using a local fit of this surface, we calculated pure (J = 0) vibrational states of Li2H up to the barrier to linearity (ca. 3400 cm−1 above the global minimum) using a vibrational self-consistent field/virtual state configuration interaction method. We found 18 vibrational states below this barrier, with a maximum of 6 quanta in the bending mode, which indicates that Li2H could be spectroscopically observable. Moreover, we show that some of these vibrational states are highly correlated already ca. 1000 cm−1 below the height of the barrier. We hope these calculations can help the assignment of experimental spectra. In addition, the first low-lying excited states of each B1, B2 and A2 symmetry of Li2H were characterized.
Integrating Multiple Interaction Networks for Gene Function Inference
Authors: Zhang Jingpu , Deng Lei
Published: December 2018

In the past few decades, the number and variety of genomic and proteomic data available have increased dramatically. Molecular or functional interaction networks are usually constructed according to high-throughput data and the topological structure of these interaction networks provide a wealth of information for inferring the function of genes or proteins. It is a widely used way to mine functional information of genes or proteins by analyzing the association networks. However, it remains still an urgent but unresolved challenge how to combine multiple heterogeneous networks to achieve more accurate predictions. In this paper, we present a method named ReprsentConcat to improve function inference by integrating multiple interaction networks. The low-dimensional representation of each node in each network is extracted, then these representations from multiple networks are concatenated and fed to gcForest, which augment feature vectors by cascading and automatically determines the number of cascade levels. We experimentally compare ReprsentConcat with a state-of-the-art method, showing that it achieves competitive results on the datasets of yeast and human. Moreover, it is robust to the hyperparameters including the number of dimensions.
UPLC-QTOF/MS-Based Nontargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Mountain- and Garden-Cultivated Ginseng of Different Ages in Northeast China
Authors: Zhu Hailin , Lin Hongqiang , Tan Jing , Wang Cuizhu , Wang Han , Wu Fulin , Dong Qinghai , Liu Yunhe , Li Pingya , Liu Jinping
Published: December 2018

Aiming at further systematically comparing the similarities and differences of the chemical components in ginseng of different ages, especially comparing the younger or the older and mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG), 4, 5, 6-year-old cultivated ginseng (CG) and 12, 20-year-old MCG were chosen as the analytical samples in the present study. The combination of UPLC-QTOF-MSE, UNIFI platform and multivariate statistical analysis were developed to profile CGs and MCGs. By the screening analysis based on UNIFI, 126 chemical components with various structural types were characterized or tentatively identified from all the CG and MCG samples for the first time. The results showed that all the CG and MCG samples had the similar chemical composition, but there were significant differences in the contents of markers. By the metabolomic analysis based on multivariate statistical analysis, it was shown that CG4–6 years, MCG12 years and MCG20 years samples were obviously divided into three different groups, and a total of 17 potential age-dependent markers enabling differentiation among the three groups of samples were discovered. For differentiation from other two kinds of samples, there were four robust makers such as α-linolenic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid and panaxydol for CG4–6 years, five robust makers including ginsenoside Re1, -Re2, -Rs1, malonylginsenoside Rb2 and isomer of malonylginsenoside Rb1 for MCG20 years, and two robust makers, 24-hydroxyoleanolic acid and palmitoleic acid, for MCG12 years were discovered, respectively. The proposed approach could be applied to directly distinguish MCG root ages, which is an important criterion for evaluating the quality of MCG. The results will provide the data for the further study on the chemical constituents of MCG.
Effects of Chronic Administration of Capsaicin on Biomarkers of Kidney Injury in Male Wistar Rats with Experimental Diabetes
Authors: Ríos-Silva Mónica , Santos-Álvarez Rubén , Trujillo Xóchitl , Cárdenas-María Rosa Yolitzy , López-Zamudio Marisa , Bricio-Barrios Jaime Alberto , Leal Caridad , Saavedra-Molina Alfredo , Huerta-Trujillo Miguel , Espinoza-Mejía Karina , Huerta Miguel
Published: December 2018

Capsaicin is an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel, which has been related to the pathophysiology of kidney disease secondary to diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the chronic effect of capsaicin administration on biomarkers of kidney injury in an experimental rat model of diabetes. Male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: (1) healthy controls without diabetes (CON), (2) healthy controls plus capsaicin at 1 mg/kg/day (CON + CAPS), (3) experimental diabetes without capsaicin (DM), and (4) experimental diabetes plus capsaicin at 1 mg/kg/day (DM + CAPS). For each group, 24-h urine samples were collected to determine diuresis, albumin, cystatin C, β2 microglobulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), alpha (1)-acid glycoprotein, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NAG-L). Blood samples were drawn to measure fasting glucose. After 8 weeks, the CON + CAPS and DM + CAPS groups showed increased diuresis compared to the CON and DM groups, but the difference was significant only in the DM + CAPS group. The two-way ANOVA only showed a statistically significant effect of CAPS on the urinary EGF levels, as well as a tendency to have a significant effect in the urinary NAG-L levels. The EGF levels decreased in both CAPS-treated groups, but the change was only significant in the CON + CAPS group vs. CON group; and the NAG-L levels were lower in both CAPS-treated groups. These results show that capsaicin had a diuretic effect in healthy and diabetic rats; additionally, it increased the urinary EGF levels and tended to decrease the urinary NAG-L levels.
Use of Confectionery Waste in Biogas Production by the Anaerobic Digestion Process
Authors: Pilarska Agnieszka A. , Pilarski Krzysztof , Wolna-Maruwka Agnieszka , Boniecki Piotr , Zaborowicz Maciej
Published: December 2018

It was the objective of this study to verify the efficiency and stability of anaerobic digestion (AD) for selected confectionery waste, including chocolate bars (CB), wafers (W), and filled wafers (FW), by inoculation with digested cattle slurry and maize silage pulp. Information in the literature on biogas yield for these materials and on their usefulness as substrate in biogas plants remains to be scarce. Owing to its chemical structure, including the significant content of carbon-rich carbohydrates and fat, the confectionery waste has a high biomethane potential. An analysis of the AD process indicates differences in the fluctuations of the pH values of three test samples. In comparison with W and FW, CB tended to show slightly more reduced pH values in the first step of the process; moreover an increase in the content of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was recorded. In the case of FW, the biogas production process showed the highest stability. Differences in the decomposition dynamics for the three types of test waste were accounted for by their different carbohydrate contents and also different biodegradabilities of specific compounds. The highest efficiency of the AD process was obtained for the filled wafers, where the biogas volumes, including methane, were 684.79 m3 Mg−1 VS and 506.32 m3 Mg−1 VS, respectively. A comparable volume of biogas (673.48 m3 Mg−1 VS) and a lower volume of methane (407.46 m3 Mg−1 VS) were obtained for chocolate bars. The lowest volumes among the three test material types, i.e., 496.78 m3 Mg−1 VS (biogas) and 317.42 m3 Mg−1 VS (methane), were obtained for wafers. This article also proposes a method of estimation of the biochemical methane potential (theoretical BMP) based on the chemical equations of degradation of sugar, fats, and proteins and known biochemical composition (expressed in grams).
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.): Bioactive Components’ Beneficial Properties—Focused on Antidiabetic Role—For Sustainable Health Applications
Authors: Durazzo Alessandra , Lucarini Massimo , Novellino Ettore , Souto Eliana B. , Daliu Patricia , Santini Antonello
Published: December 2018

The main features of the okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.), are highlighted. The evaluation of interactions between biologically active compounds and other components of the food matrix can be considered as the first action in the investigation of potential benefits of this annual herb. Moreover, updated examples of current and innovative directions in an integrated and multidisciplinary approach are discussed, with particular attention to chemometrics. Among the main effects attributed to okra, its antidiabetic property is the focus. Finally, the use of okra in different fields will be discussed.
FFANN Optimization by ABC for Controlling a 2nd Order SISO System’s Output with a Desired Settling Time
Authors: Mühürcü Aydın
Published: December 2018

In this study, a control strategy is aimed to ensure the settling time of a 2nd order system’s output value while its input reference value is changed. Here, Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network (FFANN) nonlinear structure has been chosen as a control algorithm. In order to implement the intended control strategy, FFANN’s normalization coefficient (K), learning coefficients (ŋ), momentum coefficients (μ) and the sampling time (Ts) were optimized by Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) but FFANN’s values of weights were chosen arbitrary on start time of control system. After optimization phase, the FFANN behaves as an adaptive optimal discrete time non-linear controller that forces the system output to take the same value with the input reference for a desired settling time (ts). The success of the optimization algorithm was proved with close loop feedback control simulations on Matlab’s Simulink platform based on 2nd order transfer functions. Also, the success was proved with a 2nd order physical system (buck converter) that was structured with power electronics elements on Simulink platform. Finally, the success of the control process was discussed by observing results.
2D Plane Strain Consolidation Process of Unsaturated Soil with Vertical Impeded Drainage Boundaries
Authors: Huang Minghua , Li Dun
Published: December 2018

The consolidation process of soil stratum is a common issue in geotechnical engineering. In this paper, the two-dimensional (2D) plane strain consolidation process of unsaturated soil was studied by incorporating vertical impeded drainage boundaries. The eigenfunction expansion and Laplace transform techniques were adopted to transform the partial differential equations for both the air and water phases into two ordinary equations, which can be easily solved. Then, the semi-analytical solutions for the excess pore-pressures and the soil layer settlement were derived in the Laplace domain. The final results in the time domain could be computed by performing the numerical inversion of Laplace transform. Furthermore, two comparisons were presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed semi-analytical solutions. It was found that the semi-analytical solution agreed well with the finite difference solution and the previous analytical solution from the literature. Finally, the 2D plane strain consolidation process of unsaturated soil under different drainage efficiencies of the vertical boundaries was illustrated, and the influences of the air-water permeability ratio, the anisotropic permeability ratio and the spacing-depth ratio were investigated.
The Impact of a Ballet and Modern Dance Performance on Heart Rate Variability in Collegiate Dancers
Authors: Edmonds Rohan , Wood Meaghan , Fehling Patricia , DiPasquale Sarah
Published: December 2018

Heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is a useful tool for assessing cardiac autonomic function and identifying potential readiness to perform in athletic populations, but has yet to be investigated in dance populations. As such, HRV may be able to provide valuable insight into the preparedness of dancers and the demands of performance in a collegiate dance population. 29 female dancers were monitored leading up to and following a dance performance. Analysis of HRV focused on the square root of the mean squared differences of the successive RR intervals (RMSSD). A one-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni post-hoc, paired with magnitude-based-inferences (MBI) with effect sizes (ES) were used to analyze changes during the Winter Dance Concert, while the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (REST-Q Sport) measured the frequency of stress of dancers. When compared to baseline (69.8 ± 1.7 bpm), mean (HR) was increased at both pre-show recordings (76.5 ± 2.1 bpm and 75.6 ± 1.8 bpm). In contrast, RMSSD was significantly diminished (p < 0.05) at both pre-show recordings (40.6 ± 28.4 ms and 40.5 ± 21.8 ms) as compared to baseline (70.3 ± 38.4 ms). Dancers reported increased (p < 0.05) self-efficacy before the second show and at 36 h post-concert. As expected, Dance Exposure (DE) increased significantly (p < 0.05), while Academic Exposure (AE) was similar, during the week leading up to the dance concert. The results suggest dancers responded to concert dance performances similarly to other athletic populations approaching intense competition by exhibiting decreased parasympathetic activity prior to the dance performances, which returned to baseline values 36 h after their performances. Given the increase in self-efficacy, these fluctuations may indicate a readiness to a performance comparable to athletes.
Auckland’s Urban Sprawl, Policy Ambiguities and the Peri-Urbanisation to Pukekohe
Authors: Silva Cristian
Published: December 2018

Urban sprawl has been discussed extensively with regard to its negative impacts. On this basis, regulations have been put in place to control sprawling suburbanization, including the establishment of restricted areas for expansion defined by administrative urban boundaries. Overall, these measures have not been at all successful, considering that city-regions continue to expand inorganically, often reinforcing urban sprawl patterns. As clear evidence of the weaknesses of planning regimes of control, these unsuccessful attempts are partly explained by a series of policy ambiguities that contradict the meaning of planning as a prescriptive discipline. This ambiguity is justified by the need to frame flexible regulations that allow adaptation to unforeseen events over time. In this paper, using the case of Auckland, New Zealand, it is demonstrated that instead of planning flexibility, there is planning “ambiguity” accompanied by weak opposition from rural regimes, which deliberately contributes to urban sprawl. This is relevant considering that the inorganic encroachment of rural lands diminishes the huge environmental potential of the peri-urban space of Auckland, its ecosystem services, and agricultural activities—all elements that encourage the creation of more environmentally sustainable peripheral landscapes as a counterpoint to traditional sprawling suburbanization.
REAL ESTATE ISSUES IN ASIA: AN EMERGING PARADIGM
Authors: Hui Eddie Chi-man
Published: December 2018

„Real estate issues in Asia: An emerging paradigm" International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 8(2), p. 59-61
EVALUATION OF INVESTMENTS INTO HOUSING RENOVATION
Authors: Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Kaklauskas Artūras , Raslanas Saulius
Published: December 2018

The relevant objectives of a housing strategy is to vouch the effective usage of the present housing, maintenance and renovation. The selection of the means for building and residential environment renovation is dictated by the drawbacks of their present state, out‐of‐date designed decisions, natural physical deterioration. While fixing the optimal renovation prices from the aspect of market value increase, the main indicator, limiting the size of investments into building renovation, is the difference between market values after and before renovation. The difference between 1m2 of market value of a building of new construction and the average price of 1m2 of a building of old construction and the cost of renovation means for it will decide the size of the packet of the investments into renovation.
RELIABILITY OF MORTGAGE VALUATION FOR INSTITUTIONAL LENDING IN NIGERIA
Authors: Aluko Bioye Tajudeen
Published: December 2018

The growing number of distressed banks in Nigeria and the recognition of mortgage valuation as a measure of investment performance of collaterals to mitigate the risks of loan underwriting process necessitates this study. It examined whether open market valuations of mortgage properties were a good proxies for their sale prices. Pooled data, involving 121 open market sales during the period 1994 to 2002, on property transactions in the study area with their corresponding contemporaneous valuations were gathered from the estate surveying and valuation firms, the lending institutions and the Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation. The data emanating therefrom were analysed with the aid of multiple regression models. The study revealed, amongst other things, that open market valuation for mortgage is a good proxy for their transaction price in the study area; although, the accuracy is not as good as what obtains in U.K, U.S.A. and Australia.
CPA FIRM’S CLOUD AUDITING PROVIDER FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT: AN EMPIRICAL CASE OF CHINA
Authors: Hu Kuang-Hua , Chen Fu-Hsiang , Tzeng Gwo-Hshiung
Published: December 2018

While CPA (Certified Public Accountant) firms utilize cloud auditing technologies to generate auditing reports and convey information to their clients in the Internet of Things (IoT) Era, they often cannot determine whether cloud auditing is a secure and effective form of communication with clients. Strategies related to cloud auditing provider evaluation and improvement planning are inherently multiple attribute decision making (MADM) issues and are very important to the auditor industry. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes an evaluation and improvement planning model to be a reference for CPA firms selecting the best cloud auditing provider, and illustrates an application of such a model through an empirical case study. The DEMATEL (decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory) approach is first used to analyze the interactive influence relationship map (IIRM) between the criteria and dimensions of cloud auditing technology. DANP (DEMATEL-based ANP) is then employed to calculate the influential weights of the dimensions and criteria. Finally, the modified VIKOR method is utilized to provide improvement priorities for performance cloud auditing provider satisfaction. Based on expert interviews, the recommendations for improvement priorities are privacy, security, processing integrity, availability, and confidentiality. This approach is expected to support the auditor industry to systematically improve their cloud auditing provider selection.
Kronoseismology. IV. Six Previously Unidentified Waves in Saturn’s Middle C Ring
Authors: Hedman M. M. , Nicholson P. D. , French R. G.
Published: December 2018

Recent studies of stellar occultations observed by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer on board the Cassini spacecraft have demonstrated that multiple spiral wave structures in Saturn’s rings are probably generated by normal-mode oscillations inside the planet. Wavelet-based analyses have been able to unambiguously determine both the number of spiral arms and the rotation rate of many of these patterns. However, there are many more planetary normal modes that should have resonances in the rings, implying that many normal modes do not have sufficiently large amplitudes to generate obvious ring waves. Fortunately, recent advances in wavelet analysis allow weaker wave signals to be uncovered by combining data from multiple occultations. These new analytical tools reveal that a pattern previously identified as a single spiral wave actually consists of two superimposed waves, one with five spiral arms rotating at 1593.°6/day and one with 11 spiral arms rotating at 1450.°5/day. Furthermore, a broad search for new waves revealed four previously unknown wave patterns with six, seven, eight, and nine spiral arms rotating around the planet at 1538.°2/day, 1492.°5/day, 1454.°2/day, and 1421.°8/day, respectively. These six patterns provide precise frequencies for another six fundamental normal modes inside Saturn, yielding what is now a complete sequence of fundamental sectoral normal modes with azimuthal wavenumbers from 2 to 10. These frequencies should place strong constraints on Saturn’s interior structure and rotation rate, while the relative amplitudes of these waves should help clarify how the corresponding normal modes are excited inside the planet.
The Eclipsing δ Scuti Star EPIC 245932119
Authors: Lee Jae Woo , Hong Kyeongsoo , Kristiansen Martti H.
Published: December 2018

We present the physical properties of EPIC 245932119 (K
p = +9.82) exhibiting both eclipses and pulsations from the K2 photometry. The binary modeling indicates that the eclipsing system is in detached or semi-detached configurations with a mass ratio of 0.283 or 0.245, respectively, and that its light-curve parameters are almost unaffected by pulsations. Multiple frequency analyses were performed for the light residuals in the outside-primary eclipsing phase after subtracting the binarity effects from the observed data. We detected 35 frequencies with signal-to-noise amplitude ratios larger than 4.0 in two regions of 0.62–6.28 day−1 and 19.36–24.07 day−1. Among these, it is possible that some high signals close to the Nyquist limit f
Ny may be reflections of real pulsation frequencies (2

). All frequencies (f
8, f
9, f
14, f
18, f
24, f
32) in the lower frequency region are orbital harmonics, and three high frequencies (f
19, f
20, f
22) appear to be sidelobes split from the main frequency of f
1 = 22.77503 day−1. Most of them are thought to be alias effects caused by the orbital frequency. For the 26 other frequencies, the pulsation periods and pulsation constants are in the ranges of 0.041–0.052 days and 0.013–0.016 days, respectively. These values and the position in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram reveal that the primary component is a δ Sct pulsator. The observational properties of EPIC 245932119 are in good agreement with those for eclipsing binaries with δ Sct-type pulsating components.
The Exchange of Mass and Angular Momentum in the Impact Event of Ice Giant Planets: Implications for the Origin of Uranus
Authors: Kurosaki Kenji , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro
Published: December 2018

Uranus has a tilted rotation axis, which is supposed to have been caused by a giant impact. In general, an impact event also changes the internal compositional distribution and drives mass ejection from the planet, which may provide the origin of satellites. Previous studies of the impact simulation of Uranus investigated the resultant angular momentum and the ejected mass distribution. However, the effect of changing the initial condition of the thermal and compositional structure is not studied. In this paper, we perform hydrodynamics simulations for the impact events of Uranus-size ice giants composed of a water core surrounded by a hydrogen envelope using two variant methods of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics. We find that the higher-entropy target loses its envelope more efficiently than the low-entropy target. However, the higher-entropy target gains more angular momentum than the lower-entropy target since the higher-entropy target has a more expanded envelope. We discuss the efficiency of angular momentum transport and the amount of the ejected mass and find a simple analytical model to roughly reproduce the outcomes of numerical simulations. We suggest the range of possible initial conditions for the giant impact on proto-Uranus that reproduces the present rotation tilt of Uranus and sufficiently provides the total angular momentum of the satellite system that can be created from the fragments from the giant impact.
SNEMO: Improved Empirical Models for Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Saunders C. , Aldering G. , Antilogus P. , Bailey S. , Baltay C. , Barbary K. , Baugh D. , Boone K. , Bongard S. , Buton C. , Chen J. , Chotard N. , Copin Y. , Dixon S. , Fagrelius P. , Fakhouri H. K. , Feindt U. , Fouchez D. , Gangler E. , Hayden B. , Hillebrandt W. , Kim A. G. , Kowalski M. , Küsters D. , Leget P.-F. , Lombardo S. , Nordin J. , Pain R. , Pecontal E. , Pereira R. , Perlmutter S. , Rabinowitz D. , Rigault M. , Rubin D. , Runge K. , Smadja G. , Sofiatti C. , Suzuki N. , Tao C. , Taubenberger S. , Thomas R. C. , Vincenzi M. ,   (The Nearby Supernova Factory)
Published: December 2018

SN Ia cosmology depends on the ability to fit and standardize observations of supernova magnitudes with an empirical model. We present here a series of new models of SN Ia spectral time series that capture a greater amount of supernova diversity than is possible with the models that are currently customary. These are entitled SuperNova Empirical MOdels (SNEMO; https://snfactory.lbl.gov/snemo). The models are constructed using spectrophotometric time series from 172 individual supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory, comprising more than 2000 spectra. Using the available observations, Gaussian processes are used to predict a full spectral time series for each supernova. A matrix is constructed from the spectral time series of all the supernovae, and Expectation Maximization Factor Analysis is used to calculate the principal components of the data. K-fold cross-validation then determines the selection of model parameters and accounts for color variation in the data. Based on this process, the final models are trained on supernovae that have been dereddened using the Fitzpatrick and Massa extinction relation. Three final models are presented here: SNEMO2, a two-component model for comparison with current Type Ia models; SNEMO7, a seven-component model chosen for standardizing supernova magnitudes, which results in a total dispersion of 0.100 mag for a validation set of supernovae, of which 0.087 mag is unexplained (a total dispersion of 0.113 mag with an unexplained dispersion of 0.097 mag is found for the total set of training and validation supernovae); and SNEMO15, a comprehensive 15-component model that maximizes the amount of spectral time-series behavior captured.
Superluminous Supernovae in LSST: Rates, Detection Metrics, and Light-curve Modeling
Authors: Villar V. Ashley , Nicholl Matt , Berger Edo
Published: December 2018

We explore and demonstrate the capabilities of the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) to study Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). We fit the light curves of 58 known SLSNe at z ≈ 0.1–1.6, using a magnetar spin-down model. We use the posterior distributions of the magnetar and ejecta parameters to generate synthetic SLSN light curves, and we inject those into the LSST Operations Simulator to generate ugrizy light curves. We define metrics to quantify the detectability and utility of the light curve. We combine the metric efficiencies with the SLSN volumetric rate to estimate the discovery rate of LSST and find that ≈104 SLSNe per year with >10 data points will be discovered in the Wide-Fast-Deep (WFD) survey at z ≲ 3.0, while only ≈15 SLSNe per year will be discovered in each Deep Drilling Field at z ≲ 4.0. To evaluate the information content in the LSST data, we refit representative output light curves. We find that we can recover physical parameters to within 30% of their true values from ≈18% of WFD light curves. Light curves with measurements of both the rise and decline in gri-bands, and those with at least 50 observations in all bands combined, are most information rich. WFD survey strategies, which increase cadence in these bands and minimize seasonal gaps, will maximize the number of scientifically useful SLSNe. Finally, although the Deep Drilling Fields will provide more densely sampled light curves, we expect only ≈50 SLSNe with recoverable parameters in each field in the decade-long survey.
The Chemical Evolution from Prestellar to Protostellar Cores: A New Multiphase Model with Bulk Diffusion and Photon Penetration
Authors: Lu Yang , Chang Qiang , Aikawa Yuri
Published: December 2018

We investigate the chemical evolution of a collapsing core that starts from a hydrostatic core and finally forms a low-mass protostar. New multiphase gas-grain models that include bulk diffusion and photon penetration are simulated by the macroscopic Monte Carlo method in order to derive the chemical evolution. There are two types of species in the ice bulk in the new multiphase models: interstitial species can diffuse and sublime at their own sublimation temperatures, while normal species are locked in the ice bulk. Photodissociation rates of icy species are reduced by the exponential decay of UV flux within the ice mantle. Two-phase models and basic multiphase models without bulk diffusion and photon penetration are also simulated for comparison. Our physical model for the collapsing core is based on a 1D radiation hydrodynamics model. Abundant icy radicals are produced at around 10 K in the new multiphase models. Interstitial radicals can diffuse inside ice mantles to form complex organic molecules (COMs) upon warming up. Thus, COMs produced by radical recombination at higher temperatures in the new multiphase models are more than one order of magnitude higher than those in the two-phase and basic multiphase models. Moreover, COMs produced at around 10 K in the new multiphase models are about one order of magnitude higher than those in the two-phase model. Our model shows a reasonable agreement with observations toward low-mass protostars. Molecular oxygen abundances predicted by our new multiphase models agree reasonably well with those found in cometary materials.
Investigating the Unusual Spectroscopic Time Evolution in SN 2012fr∗
Authors: Cain Christopher , Baron E. , Phillips M. M. , Contreras Carlos , Ashall Chris , Stritzinger Maximilian D. , Burns Christopher R. , Piro Anthony L. , Hsiao Eric Y. , Hoeflich P. , Krisciunas Kevin , Suntzeff Nicholas B.
Published: December 2018

The type Ia supernova (SN) 2012fr displayed an unusual combination of its Si ii
λλ5972, 6355 features. This includes the ratio of their pseudo-equivalent widths, placing it at the border of the shallow silicon (SS) and core normal (CN) spectral subtype in the Branch diagram, while the Si ii
λ6355 expansion velocities place it as a high-velocity (HV) object in the Wang et al. spectral type that most interestingly evolves slowly, placing it in the low-velocity gradient (LVG) typing of Benetti et al. Only 5% of SNe Ia are HV and located in the SS+CN portion of the Branch diagram, and fewer than 10% of SNe Ia are both HV and LVG. These features point toward SN 2012fr being quite unusual, similar in many ways to the peculiar SN 2000cx. We modeled the spectral evolution of SN 2012fr to see if we could gain some insight into its evolutionary behavior. We use the parameterized radiative transfer code SYNOW to probe the abundance stratification of SN 2012fr at pre-maximum, maximum, and post-maximum light epochs. We also use a grid of W7 models in the radiative transfer code PHOENIX to probe the effect of different density structures on the formation of the Si ii
λ6355 absorption feature at post-maximum epochs. We find that the unusual features observed in SN 2012fr are likely due to a shell-like density enhancement in the outer ejecta. We comment on possible reasons for atypical Ca ii absorption features, and suggest that they are related to the Si ii features.
A Note on Saari’s Treatment of Rotation Curve Analysis
Authors: Kadowaki Kevin
Published: December 2018

An analysis of analytical methods for computing galactic masses on the basis of observed rotation curves is shown to be flawed.
ALMA Detections of the Youngest Protostars in Ophiuchus
Authors: Friesen R. K. , Pon A. , Bourke T. L. , Caselli P. , Francesco J. Di , Jørgensen J. K. , Pineda J. E.
Published: December 2018

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of 1.1 mm dust continuum and CO 2–1 emission toward six dense cores within the Ophiuchus molecular cloud. We detect compact, subarcsecond continuum structures toward three targets, two of which (Oph A N6 and SM1) are located in the Ophiuchus A ridge. Two targets, SM1 and GSS 30, contain two compact sources within the ALMA primary beam. We argue that several of the compact structures are small (R ≲ 80 au) accretion disks around young protostars, based on their resolved, elongated structures, coincident radio and X-ray detections, or bipolar outflow detections. While CO line wings extend to ±10–20 km s−1 for the more evolved sources GSS 30 IRS3 and IRS1, CO emission toward other sources, where detected, only extends a few km s−1 from the cloud v
LSR. The dust spectral index toward the compact objects suggests either that the disks are optically thick at 1.1 mm or that significant grain growth has already occurred. We identify, for the first time, a single compact continuum source (R ∼ 100 au) toward N6 embedded within a larger continuum structure. SM1N is extended in the continuum but is highly centrally concentrated, with a density profile that follows a r
−1.3 power law within 200 au and additional structure suggested by the uv-data. Both N6 and SM1N show no clear bipolar outflows with velocities greater than a few km s−1 from the cloud velocity. These sources are candidates to be the youngest protostars or first hydrostatic cores in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud.
Two Orders of Magnitude Variation in the Star Formation Efficiency across the Premerger Galaxy NGC 2276
Authors: Tomičić Neven , Hughes Annie , Kreckel Kathryn , Renaud Florent , Pety Jérôme , Schinnerer Eva , Saito Toshiki , Querejeta Miguel , Faesi Christopher M. , Garcia-Burillo Santiago
Published: December 2018

We present the first spatially resolved (∼0.5 kpc) measurements of the molecular gas depletion time τ
depl across the disk of the interacting spiral galaxy NGC 2276, a system with an asymmetric morphology in various star formation rate (SFR) tracers. To estimate τ
depl, we use new NOEMA observations of the 12CO(1–0) emission tracing the bulk molecular gas reservoir in NGC 2276, and extinction-corrected Hα measurements obtained with the PMAS/PPaK integral field unit for robust estimates of the SFR. We find a systematic decrease in τ
depl of 1–1.5 dex across the disk of NGC 2276, with a further, abrupt drop in τ
depl of ∼1 dex along the galaxy’s western edge. The global τ
depl in NGC 2776 is

, consistent with literature measurements for the nearby galaxy population. Such a large range in τ
depl on subkiloparsec scales has never previously been observed within an individual isolated or premerger system. When using a metallicity-dependent molecular gas conversion factor

the variation decreases by 0.5 dex. We attribute the variation in τ
depl to the influence of galactic-scale tidal forces and ram pressure on NGC 2276's molecular interstellar medium. Our observations add to the growing body of numerical and observational evidence that galaxy–galaxy interactions significantly modify the molecular gas properties and star-forming activity within galactic disks throughout the interaction, and not just during the final merger phase.
Gratuité des soins ?
Authors: Brunet-Jailly Joseph
Published: December 2018

La gratuité des soins est devenue dans les années 2000 un aspect majeur du discours sur les politiques de santé en Afrique. Pour la défendre, il ne suffit pas de montrer que l’exemption de paiement au lieu de délivrance augmente la fréquentation, il faut aussi prouver que les bénéficiaires en sont d’abord les plus pauvres ou certains groupes vulnérables. En outre, il n’est pas certain que des observations qualitatives choisies permettent de fonder des conclusions macroéconomiques. Enfin, la gratuité imposée à partir de consignes définies au niveau international crée des iniquités alarmantes et se situe au rebours de toute ambition de démocratie locale.
La déconstitutionnalisation de la Turquie
Authors: Kaboğlu İbrahim , Kaya Ugur
Published: December 2018

Pour analyser la situation actuelle en Turquie, et notamment pour caractériser le régime politico-juridique, le professeur Kabo lu propose deux concepts : la déconstitutionnalisation et la délégalisation. Cet entretien cherche à décrypter ces deux concepts et à analyser l’évolution de la dégénérescence du régime juridique à des fins politiques. L’entretien révèle aussi comment la période actuelle se différencie d’un passé où les dérives et pratiques antidémocratiques ont toujours existé. Le débat s’ouvre sur les moyens d’une reconstitutionnalisation du régime juridique en Turquie.
Enfermer l’opposition : reconfigurations et continuités de la politique carcérale turque avant et après 2016
Authors: Caunes Sarah
Published: December 2018

Bien que souvent dans l’actualité, la politique carcérale de l’AKP fait rarement l’objet d’analyses. Afin de comprendre ce qui rend possible la vague de répression massive et inédite en ampleur, qui a suivi la tentative de coup d’État de juillet 2016, il faut analyser les reconfigurations des modes de répression de la contestation organisée ainsi que les transformations des techniques de gouvernement des prisonniers mises en place par l’AKP depuis 2002. Cet article montre que l’infrastructure qui a permis la répression d’ampleur qui a suivi juillet 2016 avait été construite pas à pas depuis le début des années 2000. Par ailleurs, la dégradation des conditions de détention des prisonniers politiques depuis 2016 s’inscrit dans une politique de répression dont la nouveauté est qu’elle touche aussi des acteurs autrefois épargnés par l’incarcération à grande échelle. L’article s’intéresse dans un premier temps aux restructurations du système carcéral durant la période de pouvoir de l’AKP. Il met ensuite la focale sur ce que la vague de répression qui a suivi la tentative de coup d’État en 2016 a fait aux prisons et aux prisonniers.
Présidents avant-gardes : les maires comme patrons des villes turques
Authors: Bayraktar Ulaş
Published: December 2018

Depuis le coup d’État de 1980, le système municipal a connu de profondes transformations légitimées par un discours mettant l’accent sur la décentralisation et la démocratisation. Pourtant, cet article montre qu’au lieu d’une démocratisation consolidant la représentation et la participation des citoyens, les modalités du gouvernement local ont évolué vers une sorte de présidentialisme local. Ce dernier se pratique par la personne du maire fort ayant un contrôle non seulement sur les instances politiques locales, mais aussi sur les acteurs de la société civile. L’étude de cette reconfiguration locale permet également de constater les effets du nouveau système présidentiel à l’échelle nationale.
Le démantèlement du système municipal kurde et ses retombées genrées dans le Sud-est de la Turquie
Authors: Drechselová Lucie
Published: December 2018

En 2014, le parti pro-kurde (DBP) remporte 102 municipalités, concentrées surtout dans le Sud-est de la Turquie. La question de l’égalité des sexes se situe au cœur de la doctrine idéologique du mouvement kurde, et se trouve également au centre de son action municipale. Toutefois, « l’âge d’or » du municipalisme kurde trouve sa fin en 2015. Suite à la reprise des affrontements entre l’État turc et le PKK, les mairies DBP deviennent la cible du pouvoir central qui, à travers son appareil sécuritaire et ses intermédiaires locaux, vise à démanteler l’implantation locale du mouvement kurde. Les actions des technocrates nommés à la tête des mairies dans le domaine d’égalité des sexes constituent un indicateur fidèle des conséquences des manœuvres politico-militaires dans la région.
Le pouvoir des élus vs le pouvoir des nommés, ou la recentralisation des pouvoirs locaux
Authors: Yıldızcan Cemil
Published: December 2018

Cet article analyse les rapports entre pouvoir central et pouvoir local autour du rapport de forces évolutives entre les préfets nommés et les maires élus dans les années 2000. Dans le cadre de la politique locale, il est difficile de définir un patron unique. Toutefois, le préfet pèse lourd, traditionnellement, face aux élus locaux dans le dispositif politico-administratif turc où le principe de subsidiarité peine à s’imposer. Dans ce système administratif fortement centralisé, l’État central offre aux préfets des ressources assurant la domination du pouvoir central sur les maires.
« Adieu la vie, adieu l’amour » : analyse des inégalités de temps de survie chez les soldats « Morts pour la France » durant la Grande Guerre
Authors: Guillot Olivier , Parent Antoine
Published: December 2018

Cette étude s’intéresse aux différences de temps de survie chez les soldats français qui sont décédés durant la Grande Guerre, l’accent étant mis sur l’identification d’effets de contexte liés au lieu de recrutement et au régiment d’affectation. L’analyse est menée à partir d’un échantillon de plus de 17 000 hommes « Morts pour la France » en 1914-1918. Le temps de survie de ces soldats est défini ici comme le nombre de jours qui se sont écoulés entre le 2 août 1914, date de début de la mobilisation générale, et la survenue du décès. On cherche à mettre en évidence à la fois les déterminants de cette durée de survie et les facteurs explicatifs d’une mort précoce, c’est-à-dire se produisant dès l’année 1914. Les résultats montrent que la durée moyenne de survie et le risque de décès en 1914 varient significativement selon le lieu de recrutement et, au moins dans le cas des soldats de l’infanterie, entre les régiments. Ces disparités laissent entrevoir une possible influence des choix stratégiques de l’état-major, et peut-être aussi l’incidence de facteurs de nature plus politique. Les effets estimés sont toutefois de moindre ampleur que ceux associés au grade et au corps.
« Le mal de notre guerre » : hydropisie et accouchement dans les Amours de Christofle de Beaujeu (1589)
Authors: Pais Ugo
Published: December 2018

Dans son recueil Les Amours publié en 1589, Christofle de Beaujeu reprend les codes du pétrarquisme tel qu’ils sont déjà pratiqués dans les milieux poétiques français depuis la fin des années 1540. L’utilisation de ce code ne l’empêche cependant pas d’introduire un certain nombre de textes discordants qui évoquent l’angle mort de la relation amoureuse néo-pétrarquiste : mise en scène des corps des amants, relations sexuelles, accouchements. Il s’agit, dès lors, de comprendre comment fonctionnent ces poèmes et la place singulière qu’ils occupent à l’intérieur du recueil.
Enjeux anthropologique et juridique de la controverse de auxiliis entre Luis de Molina et Domingo Bañes
Authors: Demelemestre Gaëlle
Published: December 2018

La controverse de auxiliis entre Domingo Bañes et Luis de Molina est à l’origine proprement théologique. Elle oppose les défenseurs d’un système doctrinal préservant l’idée d’une grâce efficace en elle-même aux tenants de la thèse d’une grâce suffisante, généralement conférée aux hommes une fois prévus leurs mérites, qui parvient à une pleine efficacité en vertu du consentement du libre arbitre. Ses implications anthropologiques sont cependant assez évidentes, puisqu’elle soulève la question de savoir comment l’homme peut exercer son libre arbitre si l’ensemble du réel est prédéterminé par la volonté divine. Le présent article montre que, pour y répondre, Molina est conduit à théoriser à nouveaux frais la capacité à l’autonomie possédée par les hommes, en développant ses conséquences juridiques, manifestées par une réelle emprise de l’homme sur le monde, tandis que Bañez resserre le lien entre Dieu et Sa créature pour Lui rendre son omnipotence et pointer la dépendance de l’homme à Son égard. Ce faisant, il élabore une définition du sujet fondée sur son autonomie, constitutive de sa dignité. La controverse théologique de auxiliis soulevait ainsi de forts enjeux anthropologique et juridique, ce qui explique certainement qu’elle n’ait pas pu être tranchée et qu’on la retrouve au xvii e siècle au centre du conflit entre jésuites et jansénistes.
Fécondité de l’humanisme rhénan : le Narrenschiff de Sebastian Brant, la traduction et le genre satirique
Authors: Metzger-Rambach Anne-Laure
Published: December 2018

Les Nefs des folz forment au début de l’ère moderne un ensemble cohérent de textes didactiques composés à partir du Narrenschiff de S. Brant. L’examen de la place du latin dans la diffusion d’une littérature vernaculaire met en évidence l’existence d’une Europe des livres dont la réception passe dans le cas des Nefs par une référence à la satire latine absente du texte allemand et une adaptation au contexte politique propre à chaque aire géographique.