bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic models for outcome prediction following in-hospital cardiac arrest using pre-arrest factors: a systematic review, meta-analysis and critical appraisal
Authors: Grandbois van Ravenhorst Casey , Schluep Marc , Endeman Henrik , Stolker Robert-Jan , Hoeks Sanne Elisabeth
Published: January 2023

Background

Several prediction models of survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) have been published, but no overview of model performance and external validation exists. We performed a systematic review of the available prognostic models for outcome prediction of attempted resuscitation for IHCA using pre-arrest factors to enhance clinical decision-making through improved outcome prediction.

Methods

This systematic review followed the CHARMS and PRISMA guidelines. Medline, Embase, Web of Science were searched up to October 2021. Studies developing, updating or validating a prediction model with pre-arrest factors for any potential clinical outcome of attempted resuscitation for IHCA were included. Studies were appraised critically according to the PROBAST checklist. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool AUROC values of externally validated models.

Results

Out of 2678 initial articles screened, 33 studies were included in this systematic review: 16 model development studies, 5 model updating studies and 12 model validation studies. The most frequently included pre-arrest factors included age, functional status, (metastatic) malignancy, heart disease, cerebrovascular events, respiratory, renal or hepatic insufficiency, hypotension and sepsis. Only six of the developed models have been independently validated in external populations. The GO-FAR score showed the best performance with a pooled AUROC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.69–0.85), versus 0.59 (95%CI 0.50–0.68) for the PAM and 0.62 (95% CI 0.49–0.74) for the PAR.

Conclusions

Several prognostic models for clinical outcome after attempted resuscitation for IHCA have been published. Most have a moderate risk of bias and have not been validated externally. The GO-FAR score showed the most acceptable performance. Future research should focus on updating existing models for use in clinical settings, specifically pre-arrest counselling.

Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42021269235. Registered 21 July 2021.
Periodontal therapy for localized severe periodontitis in a patient receiving fixed orthodontic treatment: a case report
Authors: Morikawa Satoru , Watanabe Kazuya , Otsuka Ryo , Asoda Seiji , Nakagawa Taneaki
Published: January 2023

Background

Orthodontic treatment involves movement of teeth by compression and resorption of the alveolar bone using orthodontic forces. These movements are closely linked to the interactions between the teeth and the periodontal tissues that support them. Owing to an increase in adults seeking orthodontic treatment, orthodontists increasingly encounter patients with periodontal diseases, in whom orthodontic treatment is contraindicated. In rare cases, periodontitis may develop after treatment initiation. However, no approach for treating periodontitis after the initiation of orthodontic treatment has been established. Here, we present an approach for managing localized severe periodontitis manifesting after initiating orthodontic treatment.

Case presentation

A 32-year-old Japanese woman was referred to the Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery by an orthodontist who observed symptoms of acute periodontitis in the maxillary molars that required periodontal examination and treatment. A detailed periodontal examination, including oral bacteriological examination, revealed localized severe periodontitis (stage III, grade B) in the maxillary left first and second molars and in the mandibular right second molar. After consultation with the orthodontist, the orthodontic treatment was suspended based on the results of the bacteriological examination to allow for periodontal treatment. Full-mouth disinfection was performed with adjunctive oral sitafloxacin. Periodontal and bacteriological examinations after treatment revealed regression of the localized periodontitis with bone regeneration. Thereafter, orthodontic treatment was resumed, and good progress was achieved.

Conclusions

Orthodontists should recognize the risk of acute severe periodontitis in young adults. Asymptomatic patients with localized severe periodontitis may clear a screening test before orthodontic treatment but develop acute symptoms with bone resorption during orthodontic treatment. Therefore, patients requiring orthodontic treatment should be examined by their family dentist or a periodontist to rule out periodontal issues that may impede orthodontic treatment. The patients should also be informed of age-related risks. Further, periodontists, family dentists, and orthodontists who treat adults should be informed about periodontitis and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. In patients who develop periodontitis after orthodontic treatment initiation, temporary interruption of orthodontic treatment and aggressive periodontal intervention may facilitate recovery.
Elastic common-receiver Gaussian beam migration of 4C ocean-bottom node data
Authors: Shi Xingchen , Mao Weijian , Li Xuelei , Yue Yubo , Sun Heping
Published: January 2023

Four-component ocean-bottom node (OBN) surveys allow for the imaging of subsurface elastic properties for oil and gas exploration in deepwater environments. However, sparse acquisition sampling for the high-quality imaging of OBN data is challenging. To alleviate this problem, a common-receiver domain 4C elastic Gaussian beam migration method based on elastic reciprocity transformation that considers the monopole/dipole characters of sources and receivers is developed. Common-receiver migration also is computationally efficient in an OBN survey wherein the number of shots usually exceeds the number of geophones. P/S and up-/downgoing wavefield decompositions are accomplished on the “virtual source side” during migration. A decomposition matrix and a wavefield extrapolation formula are derived from the elastic Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral with the representation of the Green’s function as a superposition of Gaussian beams. The local slant stack is performed on the common-receiver recordings that are subjected to more optimized sampling, which is less sensitive to aliasing. The performance of the method on synthetic data is validated using the coarse sampling of OBNs in a deepwater and ultradeepwater environment.
A First-in-Human Phase I Study of Milademetan, an MDM2 Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Liposarcoma, Solid Tumors, or Lymphomas
Authors: Gounder Mrinal M. , Bauer Todd M. , Schwartz Gary K. , Weise Amy M. , LoRusso Patricia , Kumar Prasanna , Tao Ben , Hong Ying , Patel Parul , Lu Yasong , Lesegretain Arnaud , Tirunagaru Vijaya G. , Xu Feng , Doebele Robert C. , Hong David S.
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE

This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy of milademetan, a small-molecule murine double minute-2 (MDM2) inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In this first-in-human phase I study, patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas received milademetan orally once daily as extended/continuous (days 1-21 or 1-28 every 28 days) or intermittent (days 1-7, or days 1-3 and 15-17 every 28 days) schedules. The primary objective was to determine the recommended phase II dose and schedule. Secondary objectives included tumor response according to standard evaluation criteria. Predefined analyses by tumor type were performed. Safety and efficacy analyses included all patients who received milademetan.

RESULTS

Between July 2013 and August 2018, 107 patients were enrolled and received milademetan. The most common grade 3/4 drug-related adverse events were thrombocytopenia (29.0%), neutropenia (15.0%), and anemia (13.1%). Respective rates at the recommended dose and schedule (260 mg once daily on days 1-3 and 15-17 every 28 days, ie, 3/14 days) were 15.0%, 5.0%, and 0%. Across all cohorts (N = 107), the disease control rate was 45.8% (95% CI, 36.1 to 55.7) and median progression-free survival was 4.0 months (95% CI, 3.4 to 5.7). In the subgroup with dedifferentiated liposarcomas, the disease control rate and median progression-free survival were 58.5% (95% CI, 44.1 to 71.9) and 7.2 months overall (n = 53), and 62.0% (95% CI, 35.4 to 84.8) and 7.4 months with the recommended intermittent schedule (n = 16), respectively.

CONCLUSION

An intermittent dosing schedule of 3/14 days of milademetan mitigates dose-limiting hematologic abnormalities while maintaining efficacy. Notable single-agent activity with milademetan in dedifferentiated liposarcomas has prompted a randomized phase III trial (MANTRA).
Associations of Early Completion of Advance Directives With Key End-of-Life Quality Measures: Analysis of an ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative Patient Cohort
Authors: Power Steve , Bickel Kathleen , Chen Ronald C. , Chiang Anne C. , Garrett-Mayer Liz , Makhoul Issam , Mougalian Sarah S. , Shapiro Charles L. , Siegel Robert , Smith Cardinale , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Kozlik Mary May , Crist Stéphanie T.S. , Kamal Arif
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE:

Despite the growing calls for early and ubiquitous completion of advance directives (ADs), studies exploring links between AD completion and their impact on outcomes of patients with cancer have mixed conclusions. We used the ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) registry to compare end-of-life (EOL) quality measures and the effect of QOPI certification among patients with and without early AD completion, defined as completion within the first three oncology visits after cancer diagnosis.

METHODS:

Deidentified patient-level data were analyzed from the QOPI database from 2015 through 2017. Associations were assessed using Chi-square tests between early AD completion and patient enrollment in hospice < 7 days before death, chemotherapy receipt in the last 14 days of life, or with emergency room visits or intensive care unit admissions in the last 30 days of life.

RESULTS:

Data from 31,558 patients eligible for the AD question were analyzed. Patients treated at QOPI-certified practices had higher rates of early AD completion than patients at non-certified practices. Early AD completion was not associated with differences in hospice enrollment for < 7 days before death, chemotherapy receipt in the last 14 days of life, or emergency room visits or intensive care unit encounters in the last 30 days of life.

CONCLUSION:

The study found that QOPI certification is associated with higher rates of early AD completion. However, early AD completion was not associated with recognized EOL quality measures. Future research should focus on the timing, frequency, and content of AD conversations to demonstrate the impact on care at the EOL.
Approach to the Patient: Pharmacological Therapies for Fracture Risk Reduction in Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Liu Winnie , Lee Brendan , Nagamani Sandesh C S , Nicol Lindsey , Rauch Frank , Rush Eric T , Sutton V Reid , Orwoll Eric
Published: January 2023

Context

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by increased bone fragility largely caused by defects in structure, synthesis, or post-translational processing of type I collagen. The effectiveness of medications used for fracture reduction in adults with OI is understudied and practice recommendations are not well established. Drugs currently used to improve skeletal health in OI were initially developed to treat osteoporosis. Oral and intravenous bisphosphonates have been shown to improve bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with OI and are commonly used; however, conclusive data confirming fracture protection are lacking. Similarly, teriparatide appears to increase BMD, an effect that seems to be limited to individuals with type I OI. The role of denosumab, abaloparatide, romosozumab, and estradiol/testosterone in adult OI have not been systematically studied. Anti-sclerostin agents and transforming growth factor-beta antagonists are under investigation in clinical trials.

Objective

This review summarizes current knowledge on pharmacologic treatment options for reducing fracture risk in adults with OI.

Methods

A PubMed online database search of all study types published in the English language using the terms “osteogenesis imperfecta,” “OI,” and “brittle bone disease” was performed in June 2022. Articles screened were restricted to adults. Additional sources were identified through manual searches of reference lists.

Conclusion

Fracture rates are elevated in adults with OI. Although clinical trial data are limited, bisphosphonates and teriparatide may be useful in improving BMD. Further research is needed to develop medications for adults with OI that will lead to definite fracture rate reduction.
The Message of “Chèvrefeuille”
Authors: Levine Kathryn E.
Published: January 2023

The apparent ambiguity at the heart of Marie de France’s lai “Chèvrefeuille” has beguiled generations of readers. This short twelfth-century Old French verse text purports to tell a simple story of how the exiled Tristan manages to signal to Yseut as she passes through a forest with her entourage, and its only interpretive difficulty seems to be the way Tristan communicates his message by carving some words or letters onto a stick. This article argues that, by debating what exactly Tristan writes, the scholarship on “Chèvrefeuille” leaves aside the intertext of the Tristan tradition, and by extension, the literary and affective investments of the lai. This narrow critical question leads to a broader problem of how literature can or should be read. Reading “Chèvrefeuille” as imbricated in the twelfth-century Tristan tradition underscores the pleasure of recognition that both modern reader and medieval receiver might experience and invites a re-examination of the role of the imagination in the study of medieval literature.
Racial/Ethnic Variation in the Relationship Between Educational Assortative Mating and Wives' Income Trajectories
Authors: Choi Kate H. , Denice Patrick
Published: January 2023

Prior work has examined the relationship between educational assortative mating and wives' labor market participation but has not assessed how this relationship varies by race/ethnicity. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we estimate group-based developmental trajectories to investigate whether the association between educational assortative mating and wives' income trajectories varies by race/ethnicity. The presence, prevalence, and shapes of prototypical long-term income trajectories vary markedly across racial/ethnic groups. Whites are more likely than Blacks and Hispanics to follow income trajectories consistent with a traditional gender division of labor. The association between educational assortative mating is also stronger for Whites than for Blacks and Hispanics. White wives in educationally hypogamous unions make the greatest contribution to the couple's total income, followed by those in homogamous and hypergamous unions. Black and Hispanic wives in hypogamous unions are less likely than their peers in other unions to be secondary earners. These findings underscore the need for studies of the consequences of educational assortative mating to pay closer attention to heterogeneity across and within racial/ethnic groups.
Solidarity Words
Authors: Kornbluh Anna
Published: January 2023

This essay argues that a specifically psychoanalytic theory of solidarity underscores its symbolic dimension. While other traditions conceive solidarity as primarily action or affect, psychoanalytic emphases on free association, punctuation, and construction opens onto a theory of solidarity as a practice of the signifier. Words are the mediators that incite subjects to collaborate. The embrace of this mediating capacity poses a corrective to theories that romanticize the unrepresentability of political will or political goals. Considering Freud’s and Lacan’s specifications for talking in the clinic, the essay also takes up the example of the Hollywood film Pitch Perfect, which understands multivocal speech in music as a venue for solidarity.
Mainstreaming Fantasy: Politics without Reserve
Authors: McGowan Todd
Published: January 2023

The political problem that we suffer from is not our adherence to ideological fantasies that promise us an enjoyment that is false or unattainable. The political struggle does not involve an effort to escape the pull that fantasy has over us so that we can look at the situation as it really is. Although fantasy is a political trap, it is also the key to emancipation. But in order for fantasy to be emancipatory, we must approach it in the manner of film noir, which allows fantasy to infiltrate every aspect of the filmic world that it depicts. When we take this step, the ideological valence of fantasy undergoes a complete revolution.
Educating for Wisdom through Literary Study
Authors: Bracher Mark
Published: January 2023

In response to an urgent need for better decision making in the public sphere, this article presents a method by which literary study can cultivate wisdom, defined as the ability to respond to problems with courses of action that maximize flourishing and minimize harm for all parties, both now and in the future. Drawing on the latest evidence-based learning principles, the article explains the pedagogical strategies and practices by which four wisdom-constituting thinking skills can be developed.
Why Does a Failed Revolution Also Need Fiction?
Authors: Chew Ng Kim , Chen Po-Hsi
Published: January 2023

The historical relationship between the categories of Malayan Communist fiction and People's Republic of China revolutionary historical fiction remains to be clarified, just as the Malayan Communist revolution was covertly, but undeniably, connected to the Chinese Communist Party. This essay attempts to take the PRC's revolutionary historical fiction as a reference point to reinvestigate Malayan Communist fiction, which was characterized as “historical fiction” by left-wing writers. Examples include Jin Zhimang's Hunger, Liu Jun's Wind Blowing in the Woods, and Tuo Ling's The Hoarse Mangrove Forest. The key issue is that the PRC's revolutionary historical fiction is premised on triumphalism, to authenticate the revolution's legitimacy, while Malayan Communists' revolutionary historical fiction hinges instead on the failure of revolution—though it cannot be recognized as such. How do these latter works contemplate and represent revolution? Does fiction have to rationalize the legitimacy of a failed revolution (or one mired in predicaments)? Or does fiction attempt to accomplish something else? These questions may concern the raison d’être of Malayan Chinese literary realism, which takes representing reality as its mission and investigates its underlying paradoxes.
The centralspindlin complex regulates cytokinesis and morphogenesis in the C. elegans spermatheca
Authors: Zhang Pei , Chen Jiwei , Wang Xiangchuan , Geng Yingchao , Sun Liangyu , Zhang Hongjie
Published: January 2023

Organ morphogenesis needs orchestration of a series of cellular events, including cell division, cell shape change, cell rearrangement and cell death. Cytokinesis, the final step of cell division, is involved in the control of organ size, shape and function. Mechanistically, it is unclear how the molecules involved in cytokinesis regulate organ size and shape. Here, we demonstrate that the centralspindlin complex coordinates cell division and epithelial morphogenesis by regulating cytokinesis. Loss of the centralspindlin components CYK-4 and ZEN-4 disrupts cell division, resulting in altered cell arrangement and malformation of the Caenorhabditis elegans spermatheca. Further investigation revealed that most spermathecal cells undergo nuclear division without completion of cytokinesis. Germline mutant-based analyses suggest that CYK-4 regulates cytokinesis of spermathecal cells in a GTPase activator activity-independent manner. Spermathecal morphology defects can be enhanced by double knockdown of rho-1 and cyk-4, and partially suppressed by double knockdown of cdc-42 and cyk-4. Thus, the centralspindlin components CYK-4 and ZEN-4, together with RHO-1 and CDC-42, are central players of a signaling network that guides spermathecal morphogenesis by enabling completion of cytokinesis.
Safer Predictions
Authors: Allen James
Published: January 2023

Where is it safest to design access points for highways and express lanes? James Allen reports on a unique traffic modeling software tool that has helped answer this question in Minnesota, and is even influencing policy across the USA
How to Make an Entrepreneurial State
Authors: Kattel Rainer , Drechsler Wolfgang , Karo Erkki
Published: January 2023

From self-driving cars to smart grids, governments are experimenting with new technologies to significantly change the way we live. Innovation has become vitally important to states across the world. This book explores how public bodies pursue innovation, looking at how new policies are designed and implemented. Spanning Europe, the USA and Asia, the book shows how different institutions finance new technologies and share cutting-edge information. The book argues for the importance of “agile stability,” demonstrating that in order to successfully innovate, state organizations have to move nimbly like start-ups and yet ensure stability at the same time. And that, particularly in the light of the Covid-19 pandemic, governments need both long-term policy and dynamic capabilities to handle crises. The book explores the complex and often contradictory positions of innovating public bodies, and it shows how they can overcome financial and political resistance to change for the good of us all.
Universal Basic Income is affordable and feasible: evidence from UK economic microsimulation modelling1
Authors: Reed Howard Robert , Johnson Matthew Thomas , Lansley Stewart , Aidan Johnson Elliott , Stark Graham , Pickett Kate E.
Published: January 2023

Critics of Universal Basic Income (UBI) have claimed that it would be either unaffordable or inadequate. This discussion paper tests this claim by examining the distributional impacts of three UBI schemes broadly designed to provide pathways to attainment of the Minimum Income Standard (MIS). We use microsimulation of data from the Family Resources Survey to outline the static distributional impacts and costs of the schemes. Our key finding is that even the fiscally neutral starter scheme would reduce child poverty to the lowest level achieved since 1961 and achieve more than the anti-poverty interventions of the New Labour Governments from 2000. The more generous schemes would make further inroads into the UK’s high levels of poverty and inequality, but at greater cost. We conclude by assessing fiscal strategies to reduce the up-front deficit of higher schemes, providing a more positive assessment of affordability and impact than critics have assumed.
Framing gender-based violence in multi-level contexts: a networked approach to studying adoption of the Istanbul Convention
Authors: Giesen Michael
Published: January 2023

International institutions are an essential driving force of contemporary policies to combat gender-based violence but remain toothless if political actors do not implement them in domestic policies. How can scholars conceptualise the transposition of international gender-based violence norms into domestic policies? I argue that discourse network analysis provides a powerful conceptual and methodological extension of critical frame analysis to understand how frames shape the meaning of gender-based violence norms in multi-level institutional contexts. Frames’ normative and cognitive network structure invites combining discourse network and frame analysis techniques that locate frames’ power in their ability to connect different institutional spheres temporally and spatially. I outline a multi-level research agenda that traces the framing processes of international norms and their domestic implementation through gender-based violence policies in the Council of Europe’s Istanbul Convention. This agenda includes avenues to study how complex transnational policy frameworks like the Istanbul Convention play out in domestic policy implementation.
Multi-harmonic reconstruction of photoelastic modulator-based Mueller polarimeters using the complex Q-matrix
Authors: Kurtz Joe , Alenin Andrey S. , Tyo J. Scott
Published: January 2023

Analysis of data generated by Mueller matrix polarimeters using two photoelastic modulators has been evolving with the improvements in data acquisition and digital signal processing (DSP). Historical processing of the temporal data generated by these devices has involved isolating the frequencies via hardware signal processing (e.g., lock-in amplifiers) or the numerical computation of Fourier integrals of recorded temporal data. Both avenues have their advantages, but the DSP aspects of the latter provide greater flexibility in choice of harmonics for processing. While conventional processing uses one harmonic for each desired Mueller matrix element, recent work has demonstrated that theoretical improvements are possible by coherently combining the information in multiple harmonic channels for each element. We demonstrate some recent progress in DSP that enables these polarimeters’ data to be more fully exploited by addressing two key issues in the Fourier domain: spectral leakage and phase recovery. Adequately addressing these issues enables numerical analysis of the temporal data in the complex Fourier domain and delivers Mueller matrix results in which spectral phase information is used to recover the matrix elements and determine their signs automatically. We explore the application of this complex analysis and how the precision and accuracy of the results are affected by common experimental and DSP limitations compared to the usual magnitude-only analysis in the Fourier domain. The multi-harmonic method can provide a theoretical factor of 1.3–1.7 improvement in instrumental precision, and our experimental results approach that theoretical range.
Recent progress in high-speed laser diagnostics for hypersonic flows [Invited]
Authors: Jiang Naibo , Hsu Paul S. , Gragston Mark , Roy Sukesh
Published: January 2023

The recent progress in high-speed (

≥

100

k
H
z

) laser diagnostics for hypersonic
flows is reviewed. Owing to the ultrahigh flow speed, a laser
frequency of 100 kHz or higher is required for hypersonic diagnostics.
Here, two main laser diagnostic techniques are discussed: focused
laser differential interferometry (FLDI) and pulse-burst laser-based
diagnostics. Single- and multiple-point FLDI measurements have been
widely applied to hypersonic flows for flow velocity and density
fluctuation measurements. The progress of pulse-burst laser-based
hypersonic diagnostics, including flow velocity measurements and 2D
flow visualization, is also discussed.
Probabilistic model to spatially acquire optical links in space under the influence of band-limited beam jitter
Authors: Hechenblaikner Gerald
Published: January 2023

An analytical model is derived for the probability of failure (P-fail) to spatially acquire an optical link with a jittering search beam. The analytical model accounts for an arbitrary jitter spectrum and considers the associated correlations between jitter excursions on adjacent tracks of the search spiral. An expression of P-fail in terms of basic transcendental functions is found by linearizing the exact analytical model with respect to the correlation strength. Predictions from the models indicate a strong decrease of P-fail with increasing correlation strength, which is found to be in excellent agreement with results from Monte Carlo simulations. The dependency of P-fail on the track width and scan speed is investigated, confirming previous assumptions about the impact of correlations. Expressions and applicable constraints are derived for the limits of full and no correlations, and the optimal track width to minimize the acquisition time is computed for a range of scan speeds. The model is applicable to optical terminals equipped with a fast beam steering mirror, as often found for optical communications missions in space.
Using augmented reality to cue obstacles for people with low vision
Authors: Fox Dylan R. , Ahmadzada Ahmad , Wang Clara Tenia , Azenkot Shiri , Chu Marlena A. , Manduchi Roberto , Cooper Emily A.
Published: January 2023

Detecting and avoiding obstacles while navigating can pose a challenge for people with low vision, but augmented reality (AR) has the potential to assist by enhancing obstacle visibility. Perceptual and user experience research is needed to understand how to craft effective AR visuals for this purpose. We developed a prototype AR application capable of displaying multiple kinds of visual cues for obstacles on an optical see-through head-mounted display. We assessed the usability of these cues via a study in which participants with low vision navigated an obstacle course. The results suggest that 3D world-locked AR cues were superior to directional heads-up cues for most participants during this activity.
Oblique multi-periscopic prism for field expansion of homonymous hemianopia
Authors: Falahati Mojtaba , Kurukuti Nish Mohith , Vargas-Martin Fernando , Peli Eliezer , Jung Jae-Hyun
Published: January 2023

Oblique Fresnel peripheral prisms have been used for field expansion in homonymous hemianopia mobility such as walking and driving. However, limited field expansion, low image quality, and small eye scanning range limit their effectiveness. We developed a new oblique multi-periscopic prism using a cascade of rotated half-penta prisms, which provides 42° horizontal field expansion along with 18° vertical view, high image quality, and wider eye scanning range. Feasibility and performance of a prototype using 3D-printed module are demonstrated by raytracing, photographic depiction, and Goldmann perimetry on patients with homonymous hemianopia.
Efficient Raman pulse fiber laser pumped by a dissipative soliton resonance pulse near 2 μm
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Jianfeng , Luo Hongyu , Yuan xueqiao , Wang Xuehan , Yan Aoke , Liu Yong
Published: January 2023

A high-efficiency Raman conversion from 1.987 μm to 2.177 μm is demonstrated experimentally in 45 m GeO2-doped silica fiber, adopting a dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) rectangular pulse as the pump. Over the entire spectral distribution, the spectral purity of the first-order Raman pulse is up to 96.8%, suggesting a nearly complete pump depletion before the onset of cascaded Raman shifts. The corresponding pump-to-Raman conversion efficiency of 67.4% is the highest up to date in this spectral region. Meanwhile, a large Raman pulse energy of 1.03 μJ was obtained at the repetition rate near MHz level, corresponding to 0.893 W average power. In the total output, the Raman-dominated spike has a Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) of 1.18 ns far narrower than DSR’s pulse duration of 10.25 ns. The results indicate that DSR is a promising candidate for developing efficient Raman nanosecond pulse fiber laser in mid-infrared (MIR) region.
Thin-film Wafer-Scale Mid-IR Fabry Perot Cavity Gas Sensor
Authors: Rao Pavithra , Keloth Akshay , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate a miniaturized wafer-scale optical gas sensor that combines the gas cell, an optical filter, and integrated flow channels. We present the design, fabrication and characterization of an integrated cavity-enhanced sensor. Using the module, we demonstrate absorption sensing of ethylene down to 100 ppm level.
Image-free active autofocusing with dual modulation and its application to Fourier single-pixel imaging
Authors: Zhang Zibang , qi shaoting , Deng Zilin , Qi Pan , Liao Jun , Zheng Guoan , Zhong Jingang
Published: January 2023

Autofocusing is widely used in applications where sharp image acquisition or projection is needed. Here we report an active autofocusing method that works with wide-field structured illumination and single-pixel detection. To identify the best focus position, the method illuminates the target object with a set of 3-step phase-shifting Fourier basis patterns repeatedly and collects the backscattered light by a single-pixel detector through a grating. Dual modulation--dynamic modulation by the time-varying structured illumination and static modulation by the grating--embeds the depth information of the target object in the resulting single-pixel measurements. As such, the best focus position can be determined by surveying the maximum Fourier coefficient magnitude recovered from the single-pixel measurements. High-speed spatial light modulation enables the reported method to achieve rapid autofocusing even if the lens system is in continuous motion or the focal length of the lens is adjusted continuously. We experimentally validate the reported method in a self-built digital projector and demonstrate the application of the method in autofocusing Fourier single-pixel imaging. The method may find applications in various fields where sharp image projection is needed.
A Dynamic Spatial-time Dark Level Correction Approach for Lunar Radiometric Calibration of LOIS
Authors: Wang Shuang , An lingping , Wang Yihao , Zhao Hang , Yu Can , Wang Yanheng , Liu Xuebin
Published: January 2023

Lunar radiometric calibration is used to solve the problem of consistent radiometric calibration for multiple satellite platforms and remote sensors. However, the dark level will fluctuate when observing the Moon with the short-wave infrared spectrometer, which seriously affects the accuracy of the lunar radiation data. In this work, we proposed a dynamic spatial-time dark level correction approach to address the fluctuation of the dark level. This method employs the cold space signals in space and time dimensions to estimate the dark level for each frame individually and to reduce errors due to environmental variations. Experiments on lunar observations at multiple phase angles were conducted and the dark level correction results demonstrate that our proposed method is effective even in the short-wave infrared, and is also superior to currently existing techniques. For the single-band (1700 nm) image of the full moon, the mean background proportion of the proposed method is 1.00%, which is better than that of static dark correction method (2.25%) and linear dark correction method (5.93%).
Demonstrating the first 24-hour continuous vertical monitoring of the atmospheric optical turbulence
Authors: Griffiths Ryan , Osborn James , Farley Oliver , Butterley Timothy , Townson Matthew , Wilson Richard
Published: January 2023

We report what is believed to be the first example of fully continuous, 24-hour vertical monitoring of atmospheric optical turbulence. This is achieved using a novel instrument, the 24-hour Shack-Hartmann Image Motion Monitor (24hSHIMM). Optical turbulence is a fundamental limitation for applications such as free-space optical communications, where it limits the achievable bandwidth, and ground-based optical astronomy, restricting the observational precision. Knowledge of the turbulence enables us to select the best sites, design optical instrumentation and optimise the operation of ground-based optical systems.
The 24hSHIMM estimates the vertical optical turbulence coherence length, time, angle and Rytov variance from the measurement of a four-layer vertical turbulence profile and a wind speed profile retrieved from meteorological forecasts. To illustrate our advance we show the values of
these parameters recorded during a 35-hour, continuous demonstration of the instrument. Due to its portability and ability to work in stronger turbulence, the 24hSHIMM can also operate in urban locations, providing the field with a truly continuous, versatile turbulence monitor for all but the most demanding of applications.
Coulomb enhancement of high harmonic generation in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Hader Jorg , Neuhaus Josefine , Moloney Jerome , Koch Stephan
Published: January 2023

High harmonic generation (HHG) in monolayer MoS₂ is studied using fully microscopic many-body models based on the semiconductor Bloch equations and density functional theory. It is shown that Coulomb correlations lead to a dramatic enhancement of HHG. Especially near the bandgap enhancements of two orders of magnitude or more are observed for a wide range of excitation wavelengths and intensities. For excitation near or above the excitonic resonances the Coulomb interaction leads to dressed harmonics with spectrally broad sub-floors. The widths of these sub-floors depends strongly on the dephasing time for polarizations. For times on the order of ten femtoseconds the broadenings are comparable to the Rabi energies and reach one eV at fields of about 50 MV/cm. The intensities of these contributions are about four to six orders below the peaks of the harmonics.
Quality criteria for astigmatic aberrated fundus images
Authors: Iroshnikov Nikita , Ivanov Maksim , Larichev Andrey
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE: We search for an a priory criteria for quality of astigmatic aberrated fundus images in order to estimate minimal their details being able detected still.
DESIGN: We model distortions of fundus images caused by astigmatism using computer simulation and calculate integral quality criteria of the images.
SUBJECTS: High resolution fundus images from open-source databases (both healthy and with signs of diabetic retinopathy).
METHODS: Under incoherent isoplanar approach we convolute initial images with system optical transfer function for simulation of distorted images. We calculate full reference quality criterion and compare it with non-reference criteria to calibrate their output for a priory quality estimation.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We calibrate mentioned criteria output (in arbitrary units) against the magnitude of astigmatism in diopters (D) and the corresponding radius of optical impulse response function in micrometers (um).
RESULTS: We estimate that if the magnitude of the eye astigmatism exceeds 0.7D, the minimal image details is greater than 15 um, and the output of selected non-reference criterion will be less than 20 comparing to 70 for non-distorted images.
CONCLUSIONS: Mentioned approach permits using selected a priory criterion to calculate quality of astigmatic distorted fundus images and to estimate the their minimal details which maybe reliably detected.
Spectral-temporal Measurement Capabilities of Third-order Correlators
Authors: Bock S. , Oksenhendler Thomas , Püschel Thomas , Gebhardt René , Helbig Uwe , Pausch Richard , Ziegler Tim , Bernert Constantin , Zeil Karl , Irman Arie , Toncian Toma , Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Kon Akira , Schramm Ulrich
Published: January 2023

We present a method extending scanning third-order correlator temporal pulse evolution measurement capabilities of high power short pulse lasers to spectral sensitivity within the spectral range exploited by typical chirped pulse amplification systems. Modelling of the spectral response achieved by angle tuning of the third harmonic generating crystal is applied and experimentally validated. Exemplary measurements of spectrally resolved pulse contrast of a Petawatt laser frontend illustrate the importance of full bandwidth coverage for the interpretation of relativistic laser target interaction in particular for the case of solid targets.
Serological evidence of Yersinia pestis infection in rodents and carnivores in Northwestern Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Saber , Esmaeili Parisa , Mahmoudi Ahmad , Ghasemi Ahmad , Mohammadi Ali , Bagheri Amin , Sohrabi Aria , Rezaei Farshid , Hanifi Hamed , Neamati Amir Hesam , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Mostafavi Ehsan
Published: January 2023

Background

Plague may recur after several decades in its endemic regions; therefore, the continuous monitoring of wildlife is essential, even when no human cases are reported in the old foci. The present study was conducted to monitor rodents and their ectoparasites as well as carnivores to learn about the epidemiology of plague infection in an old focus of Iran.

Methodology

The present study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 in Takestan county of Qazvin Province in northwestern Iran. Rodents were caught using live traps, and their fleas were separated. Blood and spleen specimens were taken from the captured rodents. Serum samples were also collected from sheepdogs and wild carnivores. The collected samples were tested by culture, serology (ELISA), and molecular methods to detectYersinia pestisinfection.

Findings

A total of 399 small mammals were caught, of which 68.6% wereMeriones persicus. A total of 2438 fleas were collected from the rodents, 95.3% of which wereXenopsylla buxtoni. Overall, 23 out of 377 tested rodents (5.7%, CI 95%, 3.9–9.0) had IgG antibodies against theF1antigen ofY.pestis, and all the positive samples belonged toM.persicus. Nine (4.8%) out of 186 collected sera from the sheepdogs’ serum and one serum from theCanis aureushad specific IgG antibodies against theF1antigen ofY.pestis. There were no positive cases ofY.pestisin the rodents and fleas based on the culture and real-time PCR.

Conclusion

Serological evidence ofY.pestiscirculation was observed in rodents and carnivores (sheepdogs andC.aureus). The presence of potential plague vectors and serological evidence ofY.pestisinfection in the surveyed animals could probably raise the risk of infection and clinical cases of plague in the studied region. Training health personnel is therefore essential to encourage their detection of possible human cases of the disease.
Helminth species-specific effects on IFN-γ producing T cells during active and latent tuberculosis
Authors: Kiflie Amare , Bewket Gezahegn , Tajebe Fitsumbrhan , Abate Ebba , Schӧn Thomas , Blomgran Robert
Published: January 2023

Background

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a key cytokine inducing protective immune responses during tuberculosis (TB) infection. Helminth-induced immune responses may affect IFN-γ production by T cells, although its connection with disease severity and immune recovery during treatment is unexplored. We investigated the species-specific effect of helminths on the IFN-γ production by T cells in relation to disease severity during active and latent TB infection (LTBI).

Methods

In this study, 69 active pulmonary TB patients (PTB), 28 with LTBI and 66 healthy controls were included. Active TB was diagnosed using GenXpert MTB/RIF while QuantiFERON test (QFT) was used for the screening of healthy community controls (CCs) and for the diagnosis of LTBI. Helminth infection was identified by routine diagnosis whereas clinical disease severity was evaluated by the TB score. Intracellular IFN-γ production of T cells in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed by flow cytometry using TB antigens (PPD), the polyclonal T cell activator staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), or medium as unstimulated control.

Results

Helminth infected CCs and LTBI subjects showed a significant reduction of IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells by PPD-stimulation compared to non-helminth infected control groups. The significant reduction in the frequency of IFN-γ+ T cells in both latent and active PTB patients following SEB stimulation was mostly attributed to Schistosoma mansoni infection, whereas Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni, and hookworm infection contributed equally in CCs. Following anti-helminthic and anti-TB treatment for 2 months, the frequency of IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells in helminth coinfected PTB was restored to levels of helminth negative PTB before treatment. Helminth coinfected PTB patients with an intermediate and severe clinical course had reduced capacity for production of IFN-γ+ T cells compared to the corresponding non-helminth infected PTB.

Conclusion

We found a reduction in IFN-γ producing T cells by helminth coinfection which was restored following anti-helminthic treatment. This reduction was helminth species-dependent in an exploratory sub-analysis and correlated to increased disease severity.
Optimal trade-in strategy for advance selling with strategic consumers proportion
Authors: Wang Yefeng , Zhou Li , Wu Chuanliang
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to optimize the trade-in pricing strategy. To leverage market share, many sellers adopt trade-in strategy for advance selling, Customers can return their old products at a discount price when they buy new products. This can help increase the market share and decrease natural resource consumption.

Design/Methodology/Approach

We consider a seller who sells new-generation products over two periods: advance selling and regular selling. Based on the rational expectation equilibrium, we adopt dynamic programming to construct a two-period pricing model with three different trade-in strategies–only in period 2, in both periods, and not at all–explaining the trade-in strategy as a promotion tool used by a monopolist to discriminate for advance selling between new and old customers.

Findings

The results suggest that the optimal price is determined by the proportion of old customers, discount factor and product innovation level. Whether and when to give a trade-in rebate to old customers depends on these parameters. The seller’s choice of optimal trade-in strategy depends on the threshold value of the new customer demand and trade-in demand.

Originality/Value

Most existing literature focuses on advance selling strategies and trade-in strategies. To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneering study that adopts trade-in as part of the advance selling strategy.
Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) and prevention of types 1 and 2 diabetes: Results of two observational studies
Authors: Dias Hans F. , Mochizuki Yoshihiko , Kühtreiber Willem M. , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Zheng Hui , Faustman Denise L.
Published: January 2023

Background

Diabetes is a common disease marked by high blood sugars. An earlier clinical trial in type 1 diabetic subjects (T1Ds) found that repeat BCG vaccinations succeeded in lowering HbA1c values over a multi-year course. Here we seek to determine whether BCG therapy for bladder cancer may improve blood sugar levels in patients with comorbid T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We also investigate whether BCG exposure may reduce onset of T1D and T2D by examining country-by-country impact of BCG childhood vaccination policies in relation to disease incidence.

Methods and findings

We first analyzed three large US patient datasets (Optum Labs data [N = 45 million], Massachusetts General Brigham [N = 6.5 million], and Quest Diagnostics [N = 263 million adults]), by sorting out subjects with documented T1D (N = 19) or T2D (N = 106) undergoing BCG therapy for bladder cancer, and then by retrospectively assessing BCG’s subsequent year-by-year impact on blood sugar trends. Additionally, we performed an ecological analysis of global data to assess the country-by-country associations between mandatory neonatal BCG vaccination programs and T1D and T2D incidence. Multi-dose BCG therapy in adults with comorbid diabetes and bladder cancer was associated with multi-year and stable lowering of HbA1c in T1Ds, but not in T2Ds. The lack of a similar benefit in T2D may be due to concurrent administration of the diabetes drug metformin, which inhibits BCG’s beneficial effect on glycolysis pathways. Countries with mandatory neonatal BCG vaccination policies had a lower incidence of T1D in two international databases and a lower incidence of T2D in one of the databases.

Conclusions

The epidemiological evidence analyzed here suggests that BCG may play a role in the prevention of T1D. It does not support prevention of T2D, most likely because of interference by metformin. Our ecological analysis of global data suggests a role for neonatal BCG in the prevention of T1D and, to a lesser extent, T2D. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.