bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, NET PROFIT MARGIN DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY
Authors: Susilawati Susi , Safary Aditya
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research is is to test the influence the size of  company, net profit margins and debt to equity ratio about the audit delay. The population in this research is the sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from  2014 to 2018. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling method in which of the 18 companies selected according to the criteria as mush as 11 companies. The analitycal  technique used in this study are multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the analysis showed that the size of  the company and net profit margin does not affect the audit delay while the debt to equity ratio affects the audit delay. the size of the company and the high or low level of profitability does not determine the company will make a delay or delay in the submission of financial statements, as well as companies that have large debts will tend to be faster in delivering financial statement
Analysis of Key factors in Arms Export and Arms Export Strategy of Middle East Countries
Authors: Jang WonJoon , Song JaePil , Kim MiJung , Bang EunJi
Published: May 2020

President Moon has visited to UAE as a National Visit in March, 2018 and express to support co-develop, co-produce and co-export to the third countries of weapon system. Therefore, the paper analyzes the recent arms market in the Middle East, as one of the three major arms export market to Korea, and present an arms export strategy to customize the Middle East countries.Concerning a recent 10 year arms export by region, the ratio of Middle East countries arms export was highly increased by 12%p(17%→29%). And arms acquisition budget in 5 years(2018∼22) will be over 130 billion dollars. UAE has a highly interested in missiles, warship building, surveilance system, RWCS etc after Summit meeting. Iraq has focus on his post war rebuilding to include relevant weapon system and facilities. Also, Saudi Arabia is necessary to fulfill his Saudization policy to enter his arms market.For expanding of Middle East arms market, it is necessary to provide customized defense industry total solution for the whole weapon system lifecycles, dispatch defense cooperation director, find out co-development program between Korea and Middle East countries, and diversify cooperation system in the near future.
İLAÇLARLA ETKİLEŞİM POTANSİYELİNE SAHİP HAYVAN SAĞLIĞINDA DA KULLANILAN TIBBİ BİTKİLER
Authors: YİPEL Mustafa , İLHAN Aysun , TEKELİ İbrahim Ozan , KIRGIZ Fatma Ceren , TÜRK Erdinç , EMİROĞLU Sara Buşra
Published: May 2020

Bitkiler, binlerce yıldır hayvanlarda verimin artırılması, hastalıklardan korunma ve tedavi amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Korunma ve tedavide konvansiyonel ilaçlarla eş zamanlı olarak kullanılan bitkiler, sahip oldukları ikincil bileşikler (alkaloidler, glikozitler, reçineler gibi) nedeniyle ilaçlarla aralarında farmakokinetik (Emilim: taşıyıcılar, kompleks oluşumu, gastrointestinal motilite ve pH; Dağılım: plazma proteinlerine bağlanma; Biyotransformasyon: Faz I ve II tepkimeleri; Atılım: idrar pH'sı ve taşıyıcıların modülasyonu) ve farmakodinamik (antagonizma, sinerjizma ve ilave etki) düzeyde etkileşme potansiyeline sahiplerdir. Bazı etkileşimler ilaç etkinliğinin artması veya potansiyel yan etkilerinin azalması şeklinde ortaya çıksa da bitki-ilaç etkileşimleri çoğunlukla istenmeyen etkiler şeklinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu istenmeyen etkiler farmakokinetik parametrelerde (Ydoruk, Cdoruk, EAA gibi), ilaç etkinliğinde ve toksisite düzeyinde değişiklikler şeklinde meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu derlemede ilaçlarla beraber kullanıldıklarında istenmeyen etkileşim potansiyellerine sahip hayvan sağlığında da kullanılan tıbbi bitkiler ve etkileşim sonucu meydana gelebilecek değişiklikler hakkında bilgi vermek amaçlanmıştır.
Paisagens do programa Minha casa, minha vida
Authors: Somain René
Published: May 2020

O programa “Minha casa, minha vida”, maior programa habitacional do país nos últimos trinta anos, mudou profundamente a paisagem de muitas cidades brasileiras, criando imensos bairros de casas idênticas. Sem pretensão a fazer uma análise completa, o artigo escolhe um ângulo específico, após ume breve apresentação da sua história, ela aborda os seus efeitos na paisagem das cidades brasileiras a través de fotos tiradas em campo ou colhidas na Internet e de imagens verticais do Google Earth, principalmente em cidades de porte médio, mas também em algumas capitais.
La mappatura del rischio di incendi boschivi basata sulla previsione del comportamento degli incendi. Applicazione nella Regione del Veneto
Authors: Rizzolo Rolando , Salis Michele , Bacciu Valentina , Lingua Emanuele , Rech Francesco , Brognaro Antonio , Bacchini Massimo
Published: May 2020

Considering the importance of forest fires problem in Italy, It is essential to improve the tools available for forest fire prevention, beginning with a correct and detailed fire risk evaluation. At present most part of forest fire plans at national level, do not consider, when dealing with forest fire risk analysis, fire’s behavior and potential propagation (or consider them only using empirical models). This study shows the methodology used by the Veneto Region for the characterization and mapping of forest fire risk at regional level. The application of forest fire propagation simulation allowed the creation of very detailed maps and the acquisition of important information about potential fire intensity, something not possible using only empirical methods
Effect of Salinity on Germination and Some Agro-morphological Traits in Chickpea Seedlings
Authors: Mustafa CERİTOĞLU  , Murat ERMAN  , Figen YILDIZ
Published: May 2020

Salinity is a global problem threatening all agriculture lands on the World. The 700 x 107 ha land is arable on the world, of which 150 x 107 ha can be cultivated, 34 x 107 ha is saline and, 56 x 107 ha is sodic. Moreover, it was reported that salt-affected areas are increasing by the day. Chickpea which is one of the most produced agricultural products overall the World is a sensitive genus to salt stress, like the other members of grain legumes. So, the aim of the study is to understand the effects of salinity on chickpea and variations in showed responses by cultivars in the early seedling stage. The 7 cultivars, including Diyar-95, Arda, Sarı-98, Yaşa-05, Hisar, Çakır and Aydın-92 and 3 NaCl doses (control, 50 mM and 100 mM) were used as a factor in the study. The experiment laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 replications. The investigated traits in the study were noteworthy affected by increasing NaCl doses. According to results, the maximum and minimum reduction rates in germination percentage, plant height, number of branches, stem diameter and fresh weight compared with the control were calculated as 8.4-39.6%, 10.5-36.7%, 15.1-43.3%, 8.4-31.0% and 12.5-42.5%, respectively. The present study indicated that cultivars exhibited a large variation in terms of responding to salinity. In addition, it was observed that Çakır and Arda cultivars were tolerant of salinity while Diyar-95 and Sarı-98 were susceptible. Consequently, the early seedling characteristics of different genotypes can be used as a substantial indicator of breeding programs.
The Far Reaching Impact of Transformative Curriculum
Authors: Adams Benedict L
Published: May 2020

Throughout the curriculum history in the United States, attempts to improve the educational outcomes have been challenging. Nonetheless, dealing with systems of curricular which have never delivered the highest quality of education to diverse body of students, let alone immigrants and English Language Learners (ELLs) has been even more problematic. Consequently, scholars and educators have increasingly been faced with dilemma of implementing robust transformative curriculum in schools for these particular students. This case study is based on narrative critical ethnography. The researcher collected data of seven students from five non-English speaking nations (immigrants) and ELLs within the high school setting for a year. Through observations, interviews, and focus groups, the findings suggest that the curriculum transformed them to believe more in their dignity and worth, achieve academic excellence, and the commitment to advocacy. The study concludes with the analysis of the transformative curriculum as the renaissance of the curriculum theory and practice and made recommendations for future research.
Yemen Divided
Authors: Brehony Noel
Published: May 2020

South Yemen has come to be seen as a potential Al-Qaeda stronghold and at the heart of a separatist movement threatening to rip apart southern Arabia. How has this country of forbidding mountains and arid deserts gone from British colony to communist state and then to ‘terrorist base ’ in just half a century? In “Yemen Divided ”, author and Middle East expert Noel Brehony tells for the first time the comprehensive history of the People ’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY). He explains the power politics that came to form a communist republic a few hundred miles from the holiest site in Islam, and the process and conflicts that led to Yemeni unification in 1990. The impact of PDRY is still felt today as unrest continues to escalate across the south. “Yemen Divided ” is an important book for anyone wanting to understand why Yemen, sensitive neighbour of Saudi Arabia and strategically vital to Middle East security, has veered towards massive instability.
Sunil Gangopaddhaya’s ‘An Unsent Letter’: A Harrowing Outburst of Long Smothered Wail of a Lacerated Psyche
Authors: Mozammel Haque Mohammad
Published: May 2020

The statement that the poets are born after their death is universally known. There is hardly any writer who writes the criticism of his writings. They are the critics who criticize their works. It can be said that the writer himself may have only a single idea or message when he produces his piece of writings, but the critics have different views on the same work. Even one critic sometimes innovates miscellaneous ideas and messages from the same poetry, play, novel, short story, fiction, non-fiction etc. Furthermore, a post- colonial critic always tries to find the message of his area of study even in the writers of Anglo Saxon, Middle English, Romantic or Victorian era. A romanticist finds his theme in the writings of other periods. Similarly, a fan of feminism attempts to discover the messages related to females in the writings he studies. In the same way, the author of this paper, because of his being a writer for those who find themselves trapped in the social four walls, and who have no control over the situations around them, focuses on how Sunil Gangopaddhaya, in his short lyric titled ‘An Unsent Letter’, has picturesquely delineated the indescribable plight, predicament and quandary of a sub-continental girl who has been sold to a brothel for six thousand rupees. The paper also, besides showing how the women are neglected, abandoned, deserted and ignored in the male-chauvinistic society, emphasizes to show the real backdrop of the women in the society the poet lives.
Nigerian Undergraduates’ Awareness of Metadiscourse and its Relationship with their Persuasive Writing Quality
Authors: Mukhtar Aliyu Muhammad , Muhammad Korau Shehu
Published: May 2020

Persuasive writing in second (L2) or Foreign Language (FL) is found to be a very challenging task for many undergraduates. Metadiscourse are devices used to help writers to make a connection with the audience and express ideas clearly. However, many Nigerian undergraduates are not fully aware of or do not appropriately utilise these devices in their writing. Also, little attention has been paid to the devices by researchers in the Nigerian context. Therefore, this study investigates undergraduates’ awareness of metadiscourse and its relationship with their persuasive writing performance using a correlational research design. An intact class of 56 third-year undergraduates in a local university in Nigeria was selected for the study. Data for the study were collected through a writing task in English, and a questionnaire. The essays were graded using a validated scale. The questionnaire was analysed using SPSS software. Findings of the study show that the participants have a low awareness of metadiscourse. The findings also reveal that there is a positive relationship between the participants’ awareness of metadiscourse and their persuasive writing quality. The study gives insight to researchers and lecturers, not only in the language field but in other areas, on how to improve the students’ awareness and use of metadiscourse which would eventually develop writing performance. Finally, the study makes some recommendations for further studies.
Correlation of Physico-chemical Characteristic with Available Nutrients and Leaf Nutrient Content in Apple (Cv. Red Delicious) Orchard of Jammu and Kashmir (India)
Authors: A. Q. Ganai , M. A. Dar , M. H. Chesti , N. A. Dar
Published: May 2020

To study the “Nutrient Status of Apple Orchard Soils of South Kashmir” a survey was carried in twenty apple orchards (cv. Red Delicious) of south Kashmir. The soil samples were analyzed for studying the Correlation between physico-chemical characteristic and available nutrients. The correlation coefficient studies revealed that pH indicated significant and positive correlation coefficient with exchangeable calcium and magnesium and exhibited significant and negative relationship with available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, iron, manganese, zinc and copper. The organic carbon showed positive and significant correlation coefficient with available nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, iron, zinc and copper. The calcium carbonate showed significant and positive correlation with exchangeable calcium and magnesium but significant and negative correlation coefficient with available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese and zinc. The clay content revealed significant and positive relationship with available potassium only. The leaf analysis showed that apple orchards were adequate in all nutrients, whileas, nitrogen was marginal to high and phosphorus was marginal to adequate.
Growth Rate and Antifungal Activities of Acetone Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on Cassava and Banana Peels Formulated Media
Authors: Okoye Ebele Linda , Uba Bright Obidinma , Dike Uzoma Collins , Eziefule Chimezie Justin
Published: May 2020

Aim: To study the growth rate and antifungal activities of acetone extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) and Allium sativum (garlic) on cassava and banana peels formulated media.

Study Design: Nine treatments and control designs were set up in triplicates and incubated at 25  for 72 h. The nine treatments and control set ups designated as Cassava Glucose Agar, CGA), Banana Glucose Agar, (BGA) and Control (Potato Dextrose Agar, PDA) were used to screen for the growth rate and antifungal activities of plant extracts.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Nigeria between June, 2019 and August, 2019.

Methodology: The research study was carried on two formulated media obtained from cassava and banana peels and PDA) using proximate analysis, pour plate technique, agar plug diffusion technique and agar well diffusion technique.

Results: The results revealed that the cassava and banana peels contained nutrients that can meet the nutritional conditions for fungi cultivation. The PDA statistically (P < 0.05) had higher mean radial growth (32.33 mm) and growth rate (0.449 h-1) than BGA (14.33 mm; 0.199 h-1) followed by CGA (14.16 mm; 0.197 h-1) in most of the test fungal isolates. The scent leaf acetone extract and nystatin antifungal had higher zones of inhibition (25.00 mm) than garlic acetone extract (24.00 mm) on the tested fungal isolates. There was no statistical significance at P < 0.05 on the inhibition zones of the extracts and Nystatin on the formulated media and PDA showing that the extracts possess comparable antifungal activities to the Nystatin.

Conclusion: Thus, our formulated media were comparable to PDA with regards to antifungal activity of the acetone extracts and nystatin and could be utilized as an alternative and cheap ideal reference media for mycological assays.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Cumulative Experiences of Emergency Medicine Residents in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Loftus Kirsten V. , Schumacher Daniel J. , Mittiga Matthew R. , McDonough Erin , Sobolewski Brad
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Most children seeking emergency care are evaluated in general emergency departments (EDs). The cumulative pediatric clinical experiences of emergency medicine (EM) residents are largely unknown. This study examined EM resident pediatric clinical experience through the lens of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements and the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine.

Methods

Retrospective, observational study of the cumulative clinical experience of two classes of EM residents from a 4‐year training program at two pediatric EDs of a quaternary care pediatric center. A database of resident patient encounters was generated from the electronic medical record. Experiences classified included: diagnosis categories per the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, procedures, and resuscitations. Results were stratified by age, acuity, and disposition.

Results

Twenty‐five EM residents evaluated 17,642 patients (median = 723). Most patients (73.5%) were emergent acuity (Emergency Severity Index triage level 2 or 3 or non–intensive care admission); 2% were critical. Residents participated in 598 (median = 22) medical resuscitations and 483 (median = 19) trauma resuscitations. Minor procedures (e.g., laceration repair) were commonly performed; critical procedures (e.g., intubation) were rare. Exposure to neonates was infrequent and pediatric deaths were rare. Abdominal pain (5.7%), asthma exacerbation (4.6%), and fever (3.8%) were the most common diagnoses.

Conclusions

Emergency medicine residents encountered a wide array of pediatric diagnoses throughout training and performed a substantial number of common pediatric procedures. Exposure to critical acuity and procedures, neonatal pathology, and certain pediatric‐specific diagnoses, such as congenital heart disease, was limited despite training in a large, quaternary care children’s hospital. Curriculum development and collaboration should focus on these areas.
Protic ionic liquid‐based deep eutectic solvents with multiple hydrogen bonding sites for efficient absorption of NH3
Authors: Cao Yongkang , Zhang Xiangping , Zeng Shaojuan , Liu Yanrong , Dong Haifeng , Deng Chun
Published: May 2020

The emerging of ionic liquids (ILs) provides an efficient and sustainable way to separate and recover NH3 due to their unique properties. However, the solid or highly viscous ILs are not suitable for traditional scrubbing. Therefore, an effective strategy was proposed by combining the protic ILs (PILs) with acidic H and low viscous ethylene glycol (EG) to form IL‐based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for NH3 absorption. The results indicated that these PIL‐based DESs not only have fast absorption rate, but also exhibit exceptional NH3 capacity and excellent recyclability. The highest mass capacity of 211 mg NH3/g DES was achieved by [Im][NO3]/EG with molar ratio of 1:3, and was higher than all the reported ILs and IL‐based DESs, which was originated from multiple hydrogen bonding between acidic H and hydroxyl groups of the DESs and NH3. This work will provide useful idea for designing IL‐based solvents for NH3 separation applications.
The Delta 5,7‐Sterols and Astaxanthin in the Marine Microheterotroph Schizochytrium sp. S31
Authors: Jiang Yun‐Lin , Zhu Qing , Liao Yi‐Nan , Wang Qin‐Qing , Li Yan , Dong Xi‐Yang , Peng Juan , Yuan Jian‐Ping , Wang Jiang‐Hai
Published: May 2020

The thraustochytrids, the heterotrophic marine microorganisms, have received increasing attention because of their capacity for the production of high‐value products such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carotenoids, and sterols. In this study, three potential Δ5,7‐sterols, showing similar UV absorption spectra to that of ergosterol, in the thraustochytrid Schizochytrium sp. S31, were estimated by the ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) − APCI−MS/MS method. The proposed structures of three Δ5,7‐sterols were ergosta‐5,7,24(28)‐trien‐3β‐ol, ergosta‐5,7‐dien‐3β‐ol, and 24‐ethylcholesta‐5,7,22‐trien‐3β‐ol. The contents of astaxanthin, ergosterol, and the other three Δ5,7‐sterols in Schizochytrium sp. S31 during the cultivation performed in three separate batches were analyzed by a fast UPLC–PDA method. The results demonstrated that astaxanthin, ergosterol, and ergosta‐5,7‐dien‐3β‐ol were the predominant carotenoid and Δ5,7‐sterols, respectively, and their contents kept increasing during the growth and reached a maximum after 23 days of cultivation. The estimated maximum contents of astaxanthin and four Δ5,7‐sterols, including ergosterol, ergosta‐5,7‐dien‐3β‐ol, ergosta‐5,7,24(28)‐trien‐3β‐ol, and 24‐ethylcholesta‐5,7,22‐trien‐3β‐ol were 2.31, 4.02, 3.43, 0.30, and 0.97 mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. These findings are different to other strains reported in the composition and accumulation of Δ5,7‐sterols and carotenoids. The present study suggests that Schizochytrium sp. S31 might be a promising marine microorganism for the productions of high‐value natural pigment astaxanthin, the provitamin D2 ergosterol, and the provitamin D4 ergosta‐5,7‐dien‐3β‐ol, and taken as a model organism to study the sterologenesis of the microorganisms because of its complexity of sterol compositions.
Cancer burden of major cancers in China: A need for sustainable actions
Authors: Cao Maomao , Li He , Sun Dianqin , Chen Wanqing
Published: May 2020

Cancer is still a major health problem in China although numerous efforts have been made for its prevention and control. Findings from this study showed that lung cancer remains the most common type of cancer diagnosed, and was attributed to nearly 30% of all cancer‐related deaths. The incidence of the five most common cancers, in China, in 2015, including cancers of the lungs, stomach, colorectum, liver and breast, accounted for almost 60% of all cancers diagnosed. The high cancer burden in China highlights the need for further improvement in health education, professional training and the building up an anti‐cancer network for introducing and implementing sustainable actions for cancer control.
Sterubin: Enantioresolution and Configurational Stability, Enantiomeric Purity in Nature, and Neuroprotective Activity in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Hofmann Julian , Fayez Shaimaa , Scheiner Matthias , Hoffmann Matthias , Oerter Sabrina , Appelt‐Menzel Antje , Maher Pamela , Maurice Tangui , Bringmann Gerhard , Decker Michael
Published: May 2020

Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is a neurological disorder with still no preventive or curative treatment. Flavonoids are phytochemicals with potential therapeutic value. Previous studies described the flavanone sterubin isolated from the Californian plant Eriodictyon californicum as a potent neuroprotectant in several in vitro assays. Herein, the resolution of synthetic racemic sterubin (1) into its two enantiomers, (R)‐1 and (S)‐1, is described, which has been performed on a chiral chromatographic phase, and their stereochemical assignment online by HPLC‐ECD coupling. (R)‐1 and (S)‐1 showed comparable neuroprotection in vitro with no significant differences. While the pure stereoisomers were configurationally stable in methanol, fast racemization was observed in the presence of culture medium. We also established the occurrence of extracted sterubin as its pure (S)‐enantiomer. Moreover, the activity of sterubin (1) was investigated for the first time in vivo, in an AD mouse model. Sterubin (1) showed a significant positive impact on short‐ and long‐term memory at low dosages.
Examining the self‐reported advantages and disadvantages of socially networking about body image and eating disorders
Authors: Cavazos‐Rehg Patricia A. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Krauss Melissa J. , Anako Nnenna , Xu Christine , Kasson Erin , Costello Shaina J. , Wilfley Denise E.
Published: May 2020

Objective

The purpose of this study is to understand the self‐reported advantages and disadvantages of socially networking about body image/eating disorders (EDs) and to examine the openness of these participants to online outreach and support for ED symptoms.

Method

A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted with a sample of N = 598. Eligible participants were ≥15 years old, English‐speaking, and U.S. residents who endorsed posting or following thin‐ideal/body‐image content on social media. Quantitative measures were used to assess online peer support and online interaction preferences, and to identify ED symptoms. Deductive and inductive qualitative approaches were used to analyze open‐ended items about the advantages and disadvantages of social networking about thin‐ideal content on social media platforms (SMPs).

Results

Among those who posted about the thin‐ideal on social media, 70% felt that the peer responses were positive and supportive. Participants generally favored online interaction, and a third stated that they would accept support from someone they did not know online (38%). The most common advantages noted for posting/following thin‐ideal content on SMPs were motivation/encouragement to engage in a certain behavior, socializing, and information giving/seeking. The most common disadvantages mentioned for posting/following thin‐ideal content on SMPs were that the content elicits negative/bad feelings, having to deal with the negative consequences/reactions of others when socially networking about this topic, and that it triggers a desire to engage in ED behaviors.

Discussion

With these findings, researchers, health practitioners, and social media administrators can devise ways to reduce harmful consequences of posting/following body‐image/ED content on social media.
A robust sheath‐flow CE‐MS interface for hyphenation with Orbitrap MS
Authors: Sauer Fabian , Sydow Constanze , Trapp Oliver
Published: May 2020

The hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis with high‐resolution mass spectrometry, such as Orbitrap MS, is of broad interest for the unambiguous and exceptionally sensitive identification of compounds. However, the coupling of these techniques requires a robust ionization interface that does not influence the stability of the separation voltage while coping with oxidation of the emitter tip at large ionization voltages. Herein, we present the design of a sheath‐flow CE‐ESI‐MS interface which combines a robust and easy to operate set‐up with high‐resolution Orbitrap MS detection. The sheath liquid interface is equipped with a gold coated electrospray emitter which increases the stability and overall lifetime of the system. For the characterization of the interface, the spray stability and durability were investigated in dependence of the sheath‐flow rate, electrospray voltage, and additional gold coating. The optimized conditions were applied to a separation of angiotensin II and neurotensin resulting in LODs of 2.4 and 3.5 ng/mL.
Analysis of measurement errors from electrical resistivity imaging investigation of First World War mining tunnels in La Boisselle, France
Authors: Audenrieth Iris , Martin Roland , Yogeshwar Pritam , Willig Dierk
Published: May 2020

To derive reliable electrical resistivity subsurface models using error‐weighted inversion schemes, a meaningful and correct error model is required. An over‐estimated error leads to a lack of resolution and reduced target detectability. Furthermore, biased data are easily overlooked and can lead to artefacts and significant miss‐interpretation. We carried out an electrical resistivity tomography survey to detect mining tunnels of World War I in La Boisselle, France. French, British and German troops extensively used mining warfare, such as tunnel constructions, to undermine opponents. While the location and orientation of some British tunnels are known from archaeological excavations, the exact location of the German tunnels is currently unknown. Due to systematic measurement errors resulting from a malfunction in the system, the acquired electrical resistivity tomography data in La Boisselle were significantly biased. Therefore, a detailed systematic error analysis scheme was developed. Using a workflow of systematic error examination to identify biased data such as outliers or other bias, an unbiased dataset was retrieved. Subsequently, two‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography inversions using different error models provided a qualitative estimate of how the data errors influence the tunnel detectability within an inversion scheme. The field data from La Boisselle demonstrates the importance of correctly estimating measurement errors, especially in view of the detection of small‐scale targets, such as tunnels.
Experimental study into the location of the neutral axis in fiber‐reinforced concrete prisms
Authors: Vrijdaghs Rutger , Van Itterbeeck Petra , De Smedt Maure , Vandewalle Lucie
Published: May 2020

The results of an extensive experimental program into the location of the neutral axis in cracked fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC) are reported. In total, 74 prisms are tested in a monotonic (51 specimens) and cyclic (23 specimens) bending test in accordance with EN 14651. In the program, 13 different FRCs are considered with 9 different fiber types and dosages. A normal strength concrete with residual strength values between 1b and 2d, cf. Model Code 2010 (MC10), is considered. The deformation profile in the cracked section is measured by side‐mounted linear variable displacement transducers on the prisms, and the position of the neutral axis is calculated. The experimental results are compared against predictions of the MC10. Based on a simplified stress diagram, the MC10 predicts that the location of the neutral axis depends on the residual strength of the FRC at the serviceability limit state: increasing the strength results in a larger compressive zone and vice versa. However, the results obtained within this study do not confirm this relation. The cyclic results indicate that the neutral axis shifts upward during unloading and subsequent reloading decreases the neutral axis again to preunloading levels. Finally, for all reported FRC types, the neutral axis lies very high in the cracked section, even at very small crack mouth opening displacement values.
Entanglement wedge cross sections require tripartite entanglement
Authors: Akers Chris , Rath Pratik
Published: May 2020

Abstract

We argue that holographic CFT states require a large amount of tripartite entanglement, in contrast to the conjecture that their entanglement is mostly bipartite. Our evidence is that this mostly-bipartite conjecture is in sharp conflict with two well- supported conjectures about the entanglement wedge cross section surface EW. If EW is related to either the CFT’s reflected entropy or its entanglement of purification, then those quantities can differ from the mutual information at

$$ O\left(\frac{1}{G_N}\right). $$

O

1

G
N

.

We prove that this implies holographic CFT states must have

$$ O\left(\frac{1}{G_N}\right). $$

O

1

G
N

.

amounts of tripartite entanglement. This proof involves a new Fannes-type inequality for the reflected entropy, which itself has many interesting applications.
Preferred equilibrium solutions of the barotropic vorticity equation
Authors: Li YaoKun , Chao JiPing
Published: May 2020

The long-term behaviour of the barotropic vorticity equation (BVE), which is beneficial for understanding long-term climate variations, has been investigated by applying an explicit quadratic conserved finite difference integration scheme. The results suggest that an initial pattern predominated at the beginning of time evolves to an equilibrium state after a long transition period in which the conserved prerequisites, such as the integral kinetic energy, square vorticity, and vorticity, are broken by accumulated errors. This could cause the BVE to be indeterministic. Similar phenomena could reappear in integration cases starting at the same initial pattern with different small perturbations, initial patterns, time and grid intervals, and difference schemes. The eventual equilibrium states for the above cases are different from each other but spatially similar. They all possess a single-wave structure in the horizontal plane but with random phases. The results further imply that despite the indeterministic characteristics due to the nonlinearity, the long-term behaviour of the BVE is deterministic in a spatial structure, shedding light on long-term climate change studies.
Combined mutagenesis and metabolic regulation to enhance d-arabitol production from Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Zheng Simeng , Jiang Bo , Zhang Tao , Chen Jingjing
Published: May 2020

d-Arabitol is an important pentitol that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. It is mainly produced by yeasts during the biotransformation of glucose. To obtain strains with high d-arabitol production, Candida parapsilosis was mutated using atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP). Among the screened mutants, mutant A6 had the highest yield at 32.92 g/L, a 53.98% increase compared with the original strain (21.38 g/L). Furthermore, metabolic regulators were added to the medium to improve d-arabitol production. Pyrithioxin dihydrochloride increased d-arabitol production by 34.4% by regulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 4-methylpyrazole increased d-arabitol production by 77.4% compared with the control group by inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Amphotericin B and Triton X-100 increased d-arabitol production by 23.8% and 42.2% by improving the membrane permeability and dissolved oxygen content, respectively. This study may provide important implications for obtaining high-yield d-arabitol strains.
The Inadequacy of Regulatory Frameworks in Time of Crisis and in Low-Resource Settings: Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19
Authors: Pecchia Leandro , Piaggio Davide , Maccaro Alessia , Formisano Claudio , Iadanza Ernesto
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 pandemic is plaguing the world and representing the most significant stress test for many national healthcare systems and services, since their foundation. The supply-chain disruption and the unprecedented request for intensive care unit (ICU) beds have created in Europe conditions typical of low-resources settings. This generated a remarkable race to find solutions for the prevention, treatment and management of this disease which is involving a large amount of people. Every day, new Do-It-Yourself (DIY) solutions regarding personal protective equipment and medical devices populate social media feeds. Many companies (e.g., automotive or textile) are converting their traditional production to manufacture the most needed equipment (e.g., respirators, face shields, ventilators etc.). In this chaotic scenario, policy makers, international and national standards bodies, along with the World Health Organization (WHO) and scientific societies are making a joint effort to increase global awareness and knowledge about the importance of respecting the relevant requirements to guarantee appropriate quality and safety for patients and healthcare workers. Nonetheless, ordinary procedures for testing and certification are currently questioned and empowered with fast-track pathways in order to speed-up the deployment of new solutions for COVID-19. This paper shares critical reflections on the current regulatory framework for the certification of personal protective equipment. We hope that these reflections may help readers in navigating the framework of regulations, norms and international standards relevant for key personal protective equipment, sharing a subset of tests that should be deemed essential even in a period of crisis.
Direct ink writing of continuous SiO2 fiber reinforced wave-transparent ceramics
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Zhou Guoxiang , Yang Zhihua , Cao Xianqi , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu
Published: May 2020

This article reports the first example of 3D printed continuous SiO2 fiber reinforced wave-transparent ceramic composites via an adaptation of direct ink writing technology to improve the mechanical and dielectric properties of ceramics. The ceramic inks showed good printability by adding nano-SiO2 powder. The effective continuous fiber-reinforced printing progress was achieved through the design and optimization of the coaxial needle structures by finite element simulation. After printing, the continuous fibers were evenly and continuously distributed in the matrix ceramics and the high molding precision for fiber reinforced composite was kept. It is demonstrated that 10 vol% continuous SiO2 fiber improved the bending strength of ceramics by about 27% better than that of the ceramics without fiber and the dielectric performance has also been greatly improved. The novel method unravels the potential of direct ink writing of continuous fiber reinforced wave-transparent ceramics with complex structures and improved properties.
Metal–Organic Framework Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sun Yujia , Zheng Liwei , Yang Yu , Qian Xu , Fu Ting , Li Xiaowei , Yang Zunyi , Yan He , Cui Cheng , Tan Weihong
Published: May 2020

Investigation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for biomedical applications has attracted much attention in recent years. MOFs are regarded as a promising class of nanocarriers for drug delivery owing to well-defined structure, ultrahigh surface area and porosity, tunable pore size, and easy chemical functionalization. In this review, the unique properties of MOFs and their advantages as nanocarriers for drug delivery in biomedical applications were discussed in the first section. Then, state-of-the-art strategies to functionalize MOFs with therapeutic agents were summarized, including surface adsorption, pore encapsulation, covalent binding, and functional molecules as building blocks. In the third section, the most recent biological applications of MOFs for intracellular delivery of drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, especially aptamers, were presented. Finally, challenges and prospects were comprehensively discussed to provide context for future development of MOFs as efficient drug delivery systems.
Eco-friendly and durable PCPS nanoparticles for the effective separation of oil–water emulsions
Authors: Wang Yiming , Zeng Jinjin , Wang Lingwei , Yuan Yuanmin , Li Qingbiao , He Jianning , Lin Ling , He Ning
Published: May 2020

Through simple composition and modification, the fabricated PCPS nanoparticles could separate both W/O and O/W emulsions.
Multi‐phase initial ranging process for OFDMA systems: improved dynamic threshold‐based multi‐user detection approach
Authors: Naveen Kolihalli Narasaiah , Ramesha Kenchappa
Published: May 2020

Initial ranging (IR) is a process of performing power adjustment, timing offset estimation, and synchronisation between the base station (BS) and all users. It plays a vital role in mobile WiMAX standard, which establishes a communication link between BS and ranging subscriber stations (RSSs). Since RSS is located far away from the BS and uplink signal is corrupted by noise, the IR process becomes inferior. Thus, the authors propose an improved dynamic threshold‐based IR method comprising three phases: (i) code detection phase, (ii) filtering phase, and (iii) parameter estimation phase. In the first two phases, the received signal is pre‐processed to eliminate noise and unselected codes from the codeset by employing adaptive filter and weight‐based code detection method. Then, the noise‐free signal is considered for the final phase, which improves accuracy. The iterative expectation maximisation algorithm is involved in the estimation of channel coefficient and timing offset. All possible active paths are detected by setting a dynamic threshold value for each channel by the enhanced dynamic threshold method. For all active channels, round trip delay, and power level are estimated by considering particular channel coefficient and timing offset. Extensive simulation of proposed work shows considerable improvements in performance.
Service restoration enhancement by FIs deployment in distribution system considering available AMI system
Authors: Fereidunian Alireza , Abbasi Talabari Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Service restoration is considered as one of the most staple functions of distribution automation, which executes the fault location, isolation and service restoration (FLISR) function in case of contingency occurrence. The first part of the FLISR function is the fault location that can be improved through fault indicators (FIs) employment in electricity distribution system (EDS). On the other hand, the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is widely proliferated in EDSs in order to gather the consumers' consumption data for the operational purposes. In this study, FIs are deployed in the EDS considering available AMI data, using a metaheuristic optimisation method. The economic objective function of the optimisation problem consists of the total customers' interruption cost and the total cost of FI deployment. In addition, the technical objective function of the problem is the system average interruption duration index. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is implemented on bus number four of the Roy Billinton test system. The results show that the number of deployed FIs reduces when the electric utility uses the proposed method.
Self‐synchronising virtual induction generator without phase‐locked loop and proportional–integral regulators
Authors: Shah Priyank , Singh Bhim
Published: May 2020

This study presents a virtual induction generator (VIG) concept‐based microgrid with multifunctional objectives such as seamless transition capabilities, secondary frequency regulation, adaptive with variation in grid frequency and phase. The secondary frequency regulation scheme is presented to improve the system dynamics bereft of any using proportional‐integral‐derivative controller. Furthermore, the VIG provides auto‐synchronization with the distribution grid even without direct knowledge of the phase and frequency of the grid. Moreover, the presented controller eliminates the requirement of a dedicated synchronising unit such as a phase‐locked loop and proportional–integral regulators, and an additional unintentional islanding detection scheme, which provides a robust feasible solution for practical implementation. In contrast to the state‐of‐art techniques, the controller has been formulated such a way that VIG does not require the control reconfiguration even under mode transition enabling unintentional islanding detection. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the self‐synchronising VIG under various operating conditions. The comparative performances are analysed with the state‐of art techniques for dynamic operation conditions to validate the effectiveness of the self‐synchronising VIG. Test results demonstrate satisfactory performance of VIG under various dynamic operating conditions.
Topology detection in power distribution system using kernel‐node‐map deep networks
Authors: Xiao Mengmeng , Wang Shaorong , Ullah Zia , Li Yan , Arghandeh Reza
Published: May 2020

This study is focused on real‐time topology detection (TD) problems in the power distribution system. The advent of distribution phasor measurement units offers additional opportunities to use deep learning methods for accurate TD of the distribution system. In this study, a new concept named the kernel‐node‐map is presented, and then a novel topology detection method, Kernel‐Node‐Map Deep Network (KNDN), for distribution system is developed. KNDN is based on a deep convolutional neural network and the kernel‐node‐map concept. This neural network is adaptive to the physical topology of the distribution system in the structure. The principle, training process, and application of KNDN are elaborated in detail. Testing results on the modified IEEE 33‐bus and 123‐bus distribution systems verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed KNDN methodology, and show its advantages compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Co‐designed Incentives for an Aimed Renewable Energy Contribution and Volunteer Load Shedding
Authors: Saeidpour Parizy Ehsan , Jahanbani Ardakani Ali , Mohammadi Arash , Loparo Kenneth A.
Published: May 2020

Changing mainstream electricity supply from a thermal to a renewable‐supplied grid has important benefits to sustainable electricity generation. However, challenges, especially at high levels of renewable energy sources (RESs) penetration, need to be addressed. In particular, for economic and stability reasons, RESs are underdogs in competition with fossil‐fuel generation unless proper incentives are provided and incorporated into electricity bills of consumers. Also, the intermittent output of RESs can compromise grid efficiency and increase the cost of electricity. These issues can be resolved, using demand response, if load flexibility was not limited. Volunteer load shedding could help with this problem if consumers are willing to voluntarily shed their non‐essential loads (NLs). This study investigates the impact of NLs planned outage rates on the required incentive, in order to reach different levels of RES penetration. To illustrate the effectiveness of the contributions of consumer load shedding on the integration of RESs and utility grids, their collaborative impact is explored against a numerical system based on real historical data. The results demonstrate the positive impact of consumers' contribution by substantial reduction in the incentive. The margin of savings will then be used to evaluate the value of volunteer load shedding of consumers.
Comprehensive design and control methodology for DC‐powered satellite electrical subsystem based on PV and battery
Authors: Khan Omair , Moursi Mohamed El , Zeineldin Hatem , Khadkikar Vinod , Al Hosani Mohamed
Published: May 2020

The design of electrical power subsystem of a satellite is challenging since it involves many components and depends on multiple parameters including mission duration, satellite orbit, eclipse times and etc. In contrast to the existing mission specific designs, we propose a generalized and comprehensive method to design and size key EPS elements: PV array and battery, which are integral for mission success. For battery, the proposed design incorporates battery cell characteristics, round trip efficiency, degradation, eclipse load profile and operating modes. The proposed design of PV array takes into account orbit inclination and altitude. In addition, structure and geometry of PV array are also considered and used for irradiance forecasting. Reliability, power margins and power fraction for summer solstice are also factored in the design. For the planning and development of operational strategy, parameter limits are determined for depth of discharge, initial state‐of‐charge, final state‐of‐charge and end‐of‐charge voltage of the battery. The controller design is also presented for the EPS. The effectiveness of the proposed design methodology is verified by a case study of Mysat‐1, an imaging nanosatellite developed and launched by Khalifa University.