bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Nano‐Imaging Study of Graphene Edge Plasmons with Chirality‐Dependent Dispersions
Authors: Wang Ximiao , Zheng Zebo , Xu Ningsheng , Wang Weiliang , Chen Huanjun , Deng Shaozhi
Published: March 2021

Graphene plasmons (GPs) have a variety of potential applications in nanophotonics and optoelectronics, such as room temperature mid‐infrared photodetectors, sensors, and modulators, due to their ultrahigh electromagnetic field confinements. In particular, the GPs at the edges of a monolayer graphene have been demonstrated to exhibit superior electromagnetic field confinements compared to the sheet plasmons. The graphene is terminated by two types of edges with different chiralities, that is, zigzag or armchair edge. Here, study of the plasmon modes at these two edges and their dispersions, is reported. The authors manage to visualize these two edges using a nano‐imaging technique, and show that edge plasmon behaviors are strongly dependent on chirality. The plasmon dispersions of these two edges can be modified upon chemical doping. Due to the stronger molecule absorption ability of the zigzag edge, the associated plasmons exhibit a broader tuning range.
Photosensitizer‐Free Phototherapy with Peptide Micelle Nanoadjuvants for Cancer Vaccine against Metastasis of Melanoma
Authors: Le Quoc‐Viet , Kim Dongyoon , Lee Jaiwoo , Shim Gayong , Oh Yu‐Kyoung
Published: March 2021

Here, an external photosensitizer‐free vaccination strategy accompanied by delivery of nanoadjuvants is reported as a treatment for melanoma. Melanin‐enriched B16F10 melanoma cells showed a strong and specific photothermal effect under irradiation of near‐infrared (NIR) wavelength light, and a corresponding killing effect of cancer cells is observed. The irradiated melanoma cells exhibited surface exposure of the eat‐me signal, calreticulin, which induced immunogenic cell death. The nanoadjuvant, which comprised imiquimod encapsulated in amphiphilic peptide‐based micelles, induced dendritic cell maturation. In B16F10 melanoma tumor‐bearing mice, irradiation of NIR light alone increased the temperature of the tumor site to 60 °C regardless of nanoadjuvant treatment. To mimic metastasis to sites near the primary tumor site, primary tumor‐cured mice are rechallenged with B16F10 cells. In a lung metastasis model induced by intravenous injection of B16F10 cells, only nanoadjuvant‐treated group showed significant prevention of B16F10 tumor nodule formation in the lung. The immunotherapeutic effects of this nanoadjuvant are supported by an observed increase of tumor‐infiltrating CD8 + T cell populations. The results suggest that the combination of photosensitizer‐free phototherapy with a peptide micelle nanoadjuvant has strong potential for clinical translation as a melanoma vaccine.
Electrokinetic Proton Transport in Triple (H+/O2−/e−) Conducting Oxides as a Key Descriptor for Highly Efficient Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Seong Arim , Kim Junyoung , Jeong Donghwi , Sengodan Sivaprakash , Liu Meilin , Choi Sihyuk , Kim Guntae
Published: March 2021

Recently, triple (H+/O2−/e−) conducting oxides (TCOs) have shown tremendous potential to improve the performance of various types of energy conversion and storage applications. The systematic understanding of the TCO is limited by the difficulty of properly identifying the proton movement in the TCO. Herein, the isotope exchange diffusion profile (IEDP) method is employed via time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to evaluate kinetic properties of proton in the layered perovskite‐type TCOs, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (PBSCF).Within the strategy, the PBSCF shows two orders of magnitude higher proton tracer diffusion coefficient (D*H, 1.04 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 at 550 °C) than its oxygen tracer diffusion coefficient at even higher temperature range (D*O, 1.9 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 at 590 °C). Also, the surface exchange coefficient of a proton (k*H) is successfully obtained in the value of 2.60 × 10−7 cm s−1 at 550 °C. In this research, an innovative way is provided to quantify the proton kinetic properties (D*H and k*H) of TCOs being a crucial indicator for characterizing the electrochemical behavior of proton and the mechanism of electrode reactions.
De‐colonizing conservation in a global world
Authors: Lanjouw Annette
Published: March 2021

Humans form an integral part of most ecosystems on earth. To prevent habitat and species loss and destruction, social justice must, therefore, be at the core of conservation efforts. Traditional conservation education approaches focus on building knowledge, skills, and awareness amongst local communities with the hope of leading to behavior change resulting in the protection of species and ecosystems. The principal drivers of threats to these ecosystems, however, are often not the local people but rather the interests of industry, governments and consumers in distant places. To mitigate and abate the threats to ecosystems, conservation approaches must be both localized and decolonized, including on all the relevant stakeholders. This starts by ensuring that industry, government, and financing institutions have the skills and incentives to avoid harm to the people, wildlife, and ecosystems they exploit, and ensuring that local and indigenous communities are not only informed, but much more engaged in leading the activities that affect them or their land/resources. Essentially, it is the behavior of the global community that must change with respect to the consumption, utilization, and extraction of tropical forest resources and conservation targets must reflect this. Conservation can only be successful when the threats to ecosystems are adequately understood and local people are part of the design and leadership of conservation efforts. This commentary provides specific examples of how conservation education can focus on the drivers of threats, building expertize in the relevant audiences and partners.
Unusual Shorter‐Chain C35 and C36 Alkenones from Commercially Grown Isochrysis sp. Microalgae
Authors: O'Neil Gregory W. , Gale Amanda C. , Nelson Robert K. , Dhaliwal Herman K. , Reddy Christopher M.
Published: March 2021

Unusual shorter‐chain alkenones (C35 and C36) were the dominant alkenones (rather than C37 and C38) isolated from commercially grown Tisochrysis lutea microalgae. Structures of the alkenones were determined by analyzing the alkenones and their products following a butenolysis reaction by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (GC × GC‐TOF HRMS). The major alkenones were identified as (15E,22E)‐heptatriaconta‐15,22‐dien‐2‐one and (16E,23E)‐octatriaconta‐16,23‐dien‐3‐one, similar to one previous finding of abundant shorter‐chain alkenones in a culture of Emiliania huxleyi CCMP2758, yet distinguishing them from C35 and C36 alkenones extracted from Black Sea sediments with different double bond positions. Our data suggest a possible shared trigger (e.g. nutrient stress) that may occur during cultivation resulting in shorter‐chain alkenones from both the aforementioned E. huxleyi and T. lutea. Moreover, for T. lutea, short‐chain alkenone biosynthesis can be accompanied by lower alkenone content but higher amounts of valuable docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These results, therefore, extend beyond alkenones and are important to established and emerging algal oil‐based industries.
Small mitochondrial RNAs as mediators of nuclear gene regulation, and potential implications for human health
Authors: Pozzi Andrea , Dowling Damian K.
Published: March 2021

Much research has focused on the effects of pathogenic mitochondrial mutations on health. Notwithstanding, the mechanisms regulating the link between these mutations and their effects remain elusive in several cases. Here, we propose that certain mitochondrial mutations may disrupt function of a set of mitochondrial‐transcribed small RNAs, perturbing communication between mitochondria and nucleus, leading to disease. Our hypothesis synthesises two lines of supporting evidence. First, several mitochondrial mutations cannot be directly linked to effects on energy production or protein synthesis. Second, emerging studies have described the existence of small RNAs encoded by the mitochondria and proposed their involvement in RNA interference. We present a roadmap to testing this hypothesis.
Temporal profiling of cytokines in passively expressed sweat for detection of infection using wearable device
Authors: Jagannath Badrinath , Lin Kai‐Chun , Pali Madhavi , Sankhala Devangsingh , Muthukumar Sriram , Prasad Shalini
Published: March 2021

This work presents the viability of passive eccrine sweat as a functional biofluid toward tracking the human body's inflammatory response. Cytokines are biomarkers that orchestrate the manifestation and progression of an infection/inflammatory event. Hence, noninvasive, real‐time monitoring of cytokines can be pivotal in assessing the progression of infection/inflammatory event, which may be feasible through monitoring of host immune markers in eccrine sweat. This work is the first experimental proof demonstrating the ability to detect inflammation/infection such as fever, FLU directly from passively expressed sweat in human subjects using a wearable “SWEATSENSER” device. The developed SWEATSENSER device demonstrates stable, real‐time monitoring of inflammatory cytokines in passive sweat. An accuracy of >90% and specificity >95% was achieved using SWEATSENSER for a panel of cytokines (interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, interleukin‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) over an analytical range of 0.2–200 pg mL−1. The SWEATSENSER demonstrated a correlation of Pearson's r > 0.98 for the study biomarkers in a cohort of 26 subjects when correlated with standard reference method. Comparable IL‐8 levels (2–15 pg mL−1) between systemic circulation (serum) and eccrine sweat through clinical studies in a cohort of 15 subjects, and the ability to distinguish healthy and sick (infection) cohort using inflammatory cytokines in sweat provides pioneering evidence of the SWEATSENSER technology for noninvasive tracking of host immune response biomarkers. Such a wearable device can offer significant strides in improving prognosis and provide personalized therapeutic treatment for several inflammatory/infectious diseases.
Carbon‐Based Materials for a New Type of Zinc‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Zhang Dan , Li Le , Gao Yanhong , Wu Yingchun , Deng Jianping
Published: March 2021

Zinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs), as a new type of electrochemical energy storage (EES) device with great development prospects, have garnered considerable attention because they integrate the advantages of high‐energy zinc‐ion batteries and high‐power supercapacitors to meet people's demand for low‐cost, long‐term durability and high safety. Nevertheless, the investigation of ZICs remains in its infancy, and many problems need to be resolved. In particular, the challenge caused by the finite ion adsorption capacity of carbon‐based electrodes gravely limits the energy density of ZICs. Consequently, determining how to design a new type of carbon material with a high energy density without affecting its inherent power and long‐term durability has become a key issue. This Review systematically summarizes the research progress in the preparation, morphology, composition, and electrochemical properties of various carbon‐based materials used in ZICs in recent years, focusing on the charge‐storage mechanism. Current challenges and future opportunities in the application of carbon‐based materials in ZICs are also presented. This Review will help researchers understand ZICs further and develop new EES systems to satisfy the needs of quickly expansion electric automobiles and intelligent electronic device.
Investigation of Taniaphos as a chiral selector in chiral extraction of amino acid enantiomers
Authors: Xiao Wenjie , Chen Shuhuan , Liu Xiong , Ma Yu
Published: March 2021

Finding chiral selector with high stereoselectivity to a variety of amino acid enantiomers remains a challenge and warrants further research. In this work, Taniaphos, a chiral ligand with rotatable spatial configuration, was employed as a chiral extractant to enantioseparate various amino acid enantiomers. Phenylalanine (Phe), homophenylalanine (Hphe), 4‐nitrophenylalanine (Nphe), and 3‐chloro‐phenylglycine (Cpheg) were used as substrates to evaluate the extraction efficiency. The results revealed that Taniaphos‐Cu exhibited good abilities to enantioseparate Phe, Hphe, Nphe, and Cpheg with the highest separation factors (α) of 3.13, 2.10, 2.32, and 2.14, respectively. Taniaphos‐Cu is more conducive to combine with D‐amino acid in extraction. The influences of pH, Taniaphos‐Cu, and concentration and extraction temperature on extraction were comprehensively evaluated. The highest performance factors (pf) for Phe, Hphe, Nphe, and Cpheg at optimal extraction conditions were 0.08892, 0.1250, 0.09621, and 0.08021, respectively. The recognition mechanism between Taniaphos‐Cu and amino acid enantiomers was discussed. The coordination interaction between Taniaphos‐Cu and COO−, π‐π interaction between Taniaphos‐Cu and amino acid enantiomers are important acting forces in chiral extraction. The steric‐hindrance between NH2 and OH lead to Taniaphos‐Cu‐D‐Phe is more stable than Taniaphos‐Cu‐L‐Phe. This work provided a chiral extractant that has good abilities to enantioseparate various amino acid enantiomers.
Comment les organisations adaptent leurs pratiques RH aux changements de l'environnement: 11 perspectives théoriques pour éclairer la gestion stratégique des ressources humaines
Authors: Cloutier Julie , Robert‐Huot Geneviève
Published: March 2021

Despite the growing interest in Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM), little is known about the process by which organizations adapt their HR practices to changes in the environment. In order to open this “black box”, we transpose 11 theoretical perspectives of organizational change from the field of management to HRM. In addition, we highlight their contributions according to the dimensions of change: 1) the “what” (the nature of the change in HR practices); 2) the “why” (triggers for change); 3) the “what for” (the goals targeted by the change); 4) the “how” (the process by which the change in HR practices is implemented).
Factors influencing treatment of veterans with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Caram Megan E. V. , Burns Jennifer , Kumbier Kyle , Sparks Jordan B. , Tsao Phoebe A. , Chapman Christina H. , Bauman Jordan , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Shahinian Vahakn B. , Skolarus Ted A.
Published: March 2021

Background

Treatments for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) differ in toxicity, administration, and evidence. In this study, clinical and nonclinical factors associated with the first‐line treatment for CRPC in a national delivery system were evaluated.

Methods

National electronic laboratory and clinical data from the Veterans Health Administration were used to identify patients with CRPC (ie, rising prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] on androgen deprivation) who received abiraterone, enzalutamide, docetaxel, or ketoconazole from 2010 through 2017. It was determined whether clinical (eg, PSA) and nonclinical factors (eg, race, facility) were associated with the first‐line treatment selection using multilevel, multinomial logistic regression. The average marginal effects (AMEs) were calculated of patient, disease, and facility characteristics on ketoconazole versus more appropriate CRPC therapy.

Results

There were 4998 patients identified with CRPC who received first‐line ketoconazole, docetaxel, abiraterone, or enzalutamide. After adjustment, increasing age was associated with receipt of abiraterone (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.07; 95% credible interval [CrI], 1.06‐1.09) or enzalutamide (aOR, 1.10; 95% CrI, 1.08‐1.11) versus docetaxel. Greater preexisting comorbidity was associated with enzalutamide versus abiraterone (aOR, 1.53; 95% CrI, 1.23‐1.91). Patients with higher PSA values at the start of treatment were more likely to receive docetaxel than oral agents and less likely to receive ketoconazole than other oral agents. African American men were more likely to receive ketoconazole than abiraterone, enzalutamide, or docetaxel (AME, 2.8%; 95% CI, 0.7%‐4.9%). This effect was attenuated when adjusting for facility characteristics (AME, 1.9%; 95% CI, –0.4% to 4.1%).

Conclusions

Clinical factors had an expected effect on the first‐line treatment selection. Race may be associated with the receipt of a guideline‐discordant first‐line treatment.
Fetal heart rate during maternal sleep
Authors: DiPietro Janet A. , Raghunathan Radhika S. , Wu Hau‐Tieng , Bai Jiawei , Watson Heather , Sgambati Francis P. , Henderson Janice L. , Pien Grace W.
Published: March 2021

Despite prolonged and cumulative exposure during gestation, little is known about the fetal response to maternal sleep. Eighty‐four pregnant women with obesity (based on pre‐pregnancy BMI) participated in laboratory‐based polysomnography (PSG) with continuous fetal electrocardiogram monitoring at 36 weeks gestation. Multilevel modeling revealed both correspondence and lack of it in maternal and fetal heart rate patterns. Fetal heart rate (fHR) and variability (fHRV), and maternal heart rate (mHR) and variability (mHRV), all declined during the night, with steeper rates of decline prior to 01:00. fHR declined upon maternal sleep onset but was not otherwise associated with maternal sleep stage; fHRV differed during maternal REM and NREM. There was frequent maternal waking after sleep onset (WASO) and fHRV and mHRV were elevated during these episodes. Cross‐correlation analyses revealed little temporal coupling between maternal and fetal heart rate, except during WASO, suggesting that any observed associations in maternal and fetal heart rates during sleep are the result of other physiological processes. Implications of the maternal sleep context for the developing fetus are discussed, including the potential consequences of the typical sleep fragmentation that accompanies pregnancy.
Past, present, and future geographic range of the relict Mediterranean and Macaronesian Juniperus phoenicea complex
Authors: Salvà‐Catarineu Montserrat , Romo Angel , Mazur Małgorzata , Zielińska Monika , Minissale Pietro , Dönmez Ali A. , Boratyńska Krystyna , Boratyński Adam
Published: March 2021

Aim

The aim of this study is to model the past, current, and future distribution of J. phoenicea s.s., J. turbinata, and J. canariensis, based on bioclimatic variables using a maximum entropy model (Maxent) in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian regions.

Location

Mediterranean and Macaronesian.

Taxon

Cupressaceae, Juniperus.

Methods

Data on the occurrence of the J. phoenicea complex were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org), the literature, herbaria, and the authors’ field notes. Bioclimatic variables were obtained from the WorldClim database and Paleoclim. The climate data related to species localities were used for predictions of niches by implementation of Maxent, and the model was evaluated with ENMeval.

Results

The potential niches of Juniperus phoenicea during the Last Interglacial period (LIG), Last Glacial Maximum climate (LGM), and Mid‐Holocene (MH) covered 30%, 10%, and almost 100%, respectively, of the current potential niche. Climate warming may reduce potential niches by 30% in RCP2.6 and by 90% in RCP8.5. The potential niches of Juniperus turbinata had a broad circum‐Mediterranean and Canarian distribution during the LIG and the MH; its distribution extended during the LGM when it was found in more areas than at present. The predicted warming in scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 could reduce the current potential niche by 30% and 50%, respectively. The model did not find suitable niches for J. canariensis during the LIG and the LGM, but during the MH its potential niche was 30% larger than at present. The climate warming scenario RCP2.6 indicates a reduction in the potential niche by 30%, while RCP8.5 so indicates a reduction of almost 60%.

Main conclusions

This research can provide information for increasing the protection of the juniper forest and for counteracting the phenomenon of local extinctions caused by anthropic pressure and climate changes.
Manipulation of self‐assembled three‐dimensional architecture in reusable acoustofluidic device
Authors: Nguyen Tan Dai , Tran Van‐Thai , Du Hejun
Published: March 2021

Reconstructing of cell architecture plays a vital role in tissue engineering. Recent developments of self‐assembling of cells into three‐dimensional (3D) matrix pattern using surface acoustic waves have paved a way for a better tissue engineering platform thanks to its unique properties such as nature of noninvasive and noncontact, high biocompatibility, low‐power consumption, automation capability, and fast actuation. This article discloses a method to manipulate the orientation and curvature of 3D matrix pattern by redesigning the top wall of microfluidic chamber and the technique to create a 3D longitudinal pattern along preinserted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rods. Experimental results showed a good agreement with model predictions. This research can actively contribute to the development of better organs‐on‐chips platforms with capability of controlling cell architecture and density. Meanwhile, the 3D longitudinal pattern is suitable for self‐assembling of microvasculatures.
New horizons in reconstructing past human behavior: Introducing the “Tübingen University Validated Entheses‐based Reconstruction of Activity” method
Authors: Karakostis Fotios Alexandros , Harvati Katerina
Published: March 2021

An accurate reconstruction of habitual activities in past populations and extinct hominin species is a paramount goal of paleoanthropological research, as it can elucidate the evolution of human behavior and the relationship between culture and biology. Variation in muscle attachment (entheseal) morphology has been considered an indicator of habitual activity, and many attempts have been made to use it for this purpose. However, its interpretation remains equivocal due to methodological shortcomings and a paucity of supportive experimental data. Through a series of studies, we have introduced a novel and precise methodology that focuses on reconstructing muscle synergies based on three‐dimensional and multivariate analyses among entheses. This approach was validated using uniquely documented anthropological samples, experimental animal studies, histological observations, and geometric morphometrics. Here, we detail, synthesize, and critically discuss the findings of these studies, which overall point to the great potential of entheses in elucidating aspects of past human behavior.
Therapeutic peptides of Mucuna pruriens L.: Anti‐genotoxic molecules against human hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus
Authors: Taghizadeh Seyedeh Faezeh , Azizi Majid , Asili Javad , Madarshahi Fatemeh Sadat , Rakhshandeh Hasan , Fujii Yoshiharu
Published: March 2021

To assist the development of new therapeutic strategies for several disorders, biologically active peptides/proteins obtained from plant sources can be considered. Current study expected to determine the biological activities of peptide fractions of Mucuna pruriens against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2/ADM, HepG2, SMMC‐7721, and QGY‐7703), as well as normal cell line to prove their selectivity. Moreover, anti‐genotoxicity and antiviral activity against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were assessed. The methods of this study were to isolate the peptides of M. pruriens and hydrolysate fractionation via fractionated pepsin‐pancreatin hydrolysates by ultrafiltration/high‐performance ultrafiltration cell, identify anti‐hepatoma activity of peptide fractions human liver cancer and normal cells by (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐biphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay, determine anti‐HCV, and assess anti‐genotoxic effect of peptide fractions against damage that induced via alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate in human mononuclear cells. The results showed that the fraction 5–10 kDa has been reported to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and QGY‐7703. It was proven that both of 5–10 and >10 kDa fractions are active against HCV. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 5–10 kDa against the cell line was 703.04 ± 5.21 µg/ml. Anti‐genotoxic activities of the peptide fractions were evaluated as mean values for the analyzed comet images. In this regard, the highest activity of protecting DNA damages was observed by the peptide fraction of 5–10 kDa. This study revealed the potential ability of peptide fractions of M. pruriens for the treatment of liver cancer, HCV, and high activities of protecting DNA damages.
The relationship between rheological and textural properties of shrimp surimi adding starch and 3D printability based on principal component analysis
Authors: Pan Yanmo , Sun Qinxiu , Liu Yang , Wei Shuai , Xia Qiuyu , Zheng Ouyang , Liu Shucheng , Ji Hongwu , Deng Chujin , Hao Jiming
Published: March 2021

The three‐dimensional (3D) printing properties of pure shrimp surimi are poor and require improvement via the addition of other materials. The effects of the different amounts of potato starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, and cross‐linked starch (CLS) (0%, 3%, 6%, or 9%, respectively) on the 3D printing properties and material properties of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) surimi were evaluated in the present study. The results showed that the apparent viscosity, G′, and G'' of the samples were increased by adding 6% CLS, making it easy to extrude the sample from the nozzle and resulting in an improvement in the printing accuracy. In addition, after adding 6% CLS, the hardness, adhesiveness, and springiness of the sample were increased, which assist with maintaining the shape of the printed material and improve the printing stability of the sample. Moreover, the water holding capacity of shrimp surimi increased as a result of the addition of 6% CLS. In summary, 6% CLS can improve the material properties of shrimp surimi and make it more suitable for 3D printing.
Reproductive health in an inpatient psychiatric unit: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Goldstein Naomi , Davis Caitlin , Saliba Zeina
Published: March 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree to which reproductive health issues are discussed with women of child‐bearing age on an inpatient psychiatric unit. We hypothesized that preconception care is limited, and that contraceptive status of patients is rarely elicited. For this sub‐analysis, we focused on counseling related to potential impacts of psychotropic medications on pregnancy, and on contraceptive status, especially when prescribed teratogenic medications.

Methods

A retrospective search was conducted for women between the ages of 18 to 49 years at the time of admission, over a 6‐month period. One hundred and forty‐eight unique encounters were identified, and electronic charts were reviewed for information regarding: discharge medications, medication counseling, contraceptive use, pregnancy and relationship status, pregnancy history, nature of obstetrics and gynecology consults, substance use, and diagnoses.

Results

Almost a fifth (n = 29) of encounters included discharge on at least one potentially teratogenic medication and more than 50% had recent substance use. However, less than 10% of all encounters had documentation of contraceptive status and only one case had documented discussion of reproductive effects of medication; this despite the fact that roughly one third (33.8%) had at least one documented prior pregnancy and two patients were pregnant at the time of admission.

Conclusion

Few women of reproductive age admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit had chart‐documented counseling on reproductive health, including known side effects of teratogenic medications. This indicates an urgent need for inclusion of reproductive health, including counseling on the risks and benefits of taking psychotropics during the peripartum period, into inpatient mental health care.
Financial inclusion: A pathway to economic growth in Sub‐Saharan African economies
Authors: Adedokun Muri Wole , Ağa Mehmet
Published: March 2021

This study empirically assesses the relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth in Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries for the period of 2004–2017, using the generalized method of moments and Dumitrescu–Hurlin's causality test. Based on the multidimensionality of the financial inclusion measures, a principal component analysis was applied to develop a composite index for financial inclusion. The results show that financial inclusion has a significant positive influence on economic growth in SSA countries. Other findings indicate that there is causality running from economic growth to financial inclusion in the short run. Therefore, policymakers should emphasize strategies that foster access to quality and affordable financial services and products, to improve inclusive growth in the continent.
Fusing dual‐tree quaternion wavelet transform and local mesh based features for grading of diabetic retinopathy using extreme learning machine classifier
Authors: Deepa V. , Kumar C. Sathish , Andrews Sheena Susan
Published: March 2021

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most frequent microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, which damages micro‐ and macrovascular systems. Hence, early detection and grading are important for its effective treatment. This study presents a comprehensive micro‐macro feature extraction algorithm for the grading of DR using retinal images. The method employed is a mutliresolutional microtechnique, based on dual‐tree quaternion wavelet transform fused with local mesh patterns. Since the pixel level model is unable to capture macrolevel features and is difficult for efficient decision‐making, this process additionally proposes a macrolevel feature extraction technique based on feature gradients. The macrolevel descriptor considers a group of pixels to find feature gradients of macrolevel lesions. Feature extracted using the micro‐macro approaches is summarized, and a comparison study using three machine learning classifiers is considered. Performance of the classifiers is determined by conducting a 10‐fold cross‐validation procedure. Among the classifiers, the highest classification accuracy of 93.2% is exhibited by radial basis function kernel extreme learning machine. Simulation results illustrate the adaptability and competency of the novel micro‐macro approach with high accuracy and sensitivity. The promising result assures the excellence of the proposed method for automated DR grading over other state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Impact of stitched hybrid systems in hybrid bermudagrass athletic fields
Authors: Dickson Kyley Hampton , Strunk William Dan , Sorochan John Charles
Published: March 2021

The use of hybrid turf systems is very common in Europe and is increasing in popularity in the United States. Little research was found on the impact of stitched hybrid systems on hybrid bermudagrass ‘NorthBridge’ (Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ×C. TransvaalensisBurtt Davy) athletic fields. A study was conducted to determine the impact of stitched hybrid systems on hybrid bermudagrass performance at the University of Tennessee Center for Athletic Field Safety in Knoxville, TN USA in the fall of 2018 and 2019. A randomized complete block design with four replications was utilized. The study treatments consisted of synthetic fibers spacing stitched in 2 cm by 2 cm, 2 cm by 4 cm treatments, and an untreated control. Each plot received 30 games of simulated traffic events with 12 test variables collected including: percent green cover, surface hardness, head impact criteria, ball rebound, ball roll, angled ball rebound, vertical deformation, energy restitution, force reduction, surface temperature, and rotational and horizontal traction. Results indicated that the only differences among stitched treatments were in rotational traction with the 2 cm by 2 cm treatment having the highest values, increasing the traction for athletic movements. Traffic had a significant effect on green cover, surface hardness, head injury criterion, ball rebound, force reduction, energy restitution, and vertical deformation, regardless of treatment. These findings suggest that the stitched fiber system did not significantly impact hybrid bermudagrass athletic field performance.
Care as a Border‐Crossing Language: The Webtoon Reader Discussion Forum as Mediascape
Authors: Jeon Ahrum
Published: March 2021

Drawing from Appadurai’s notion of mediascape, in which global cultural flows simultaneously construct local/global perspectives, I explored how youth and young adults across the globe make sense of digitally shared space, with a specific focus on the Webtoon reader discussion forum. Findings illustrated that the participants constructed the notion of care as standing up for others, raised awareness of social justice, and mobilized transcultural values to construct a cross‐cultural community with multimodal engagements. By understanding the reader discussion forum as a mutually constitutive negotiated space, the voluntary decision of these young individuals to engage in Korean Webtoon digital space underscores how they construct literacy practices across the globe while transcending demarcated categories of race, gender, language, culture, and other essentialized identity markers.
Comparison of many‐particle representations for selected‐CI I: A tree based approach
Authors: Chilkuri Vijay Gopal , Neese Frank
Published: March 2021

The full configuration interaction (FCI) method is only applicable to small molecules with few electrons in moderate size basis sets. One of the main alternatives to obtain approximate FCI energies for bigger molecules and larger basis sets is selected CI. However, due to: (a) the lack of a well‐defined structure in a selected CI Hamiltonian, (b) the potentially large number of electrons together with c) potentially large orbital spaces, a computationally and memory efficient algorithm is difficult to construct. In the present series of papers, we describe our attempts to address these issues by exploring tree‐based approaches. At the same time, we devote special attention to the issue of obtaining eigenfunctions of the total spin squared operator since this is of particular importance in tackling magnetic properties of complex open shell systems. Dedicated algorithms are designed to tackle the CI problem in terms of determinant, configuration (CFG) and configuration state function many‐particle bases by effective use of the tree representation. In this paper we describe the underlying logic of our algorithm design and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different many particle bases. We demonstrate by the use of small examples how the use of the tree simplifies many key algorithms required for the design of an efficient selected CI program. Our selected CI algorithm, called the iterative configuration expansion, is presented in the penultimate part. Finally, we discuss the limitations and scaling characteristics of the present approach.
Job crafting towards strengths and job crafting towards interests in overqualified employees: Different outcomes and boundary effects
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Wang Bin , Qian Jing , Parker Sharon K.
Published: March 2021

In response to the call to investigate the positive side of overqualification, we drew on the job crafting perspective to theorize that overqualified employees can proactively regulate the discrepancies between their actual and ideal jobs via two different job crafting strategies: job crafting towards strengths (JC‐strengths) and job crafting towards interests (JC‐interests). We expected distinct positive outcomes for JC‐strengths and JC‐interests. Specifically, JC‐strengths benefits both overqualified employees and the organization, whereas JC‐interests only benefits the individual employees. We further proposed that the relationship between perceived overqualification and JC‐strengths will be stronger when employees' organizational identification is higher, whereas the relationship between perceived overqualification and JC‐interests will be stronger when their identification with the organization is lower. As expected, with the use of two‐wave and dual‐source data from 653 employees, we found that perceived overqualification was positively related to both JC‐strengths and JC‐interests; JC‐strengths was positively related to both vitality and supervisor‐rated task performance, whereas JC‐interests was only positively related to vitality. We also found that the relationship between perceived overqualification and JC‐strengths was moderated by organizational identification as hypothesized.
The Effect of Changing the Balance Between Right and Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Different Creativity Tasks: A Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation Study
Authors: PeÑa Javier , Sampedro Agurne , GÓmez‐Gastiasoro Ainara , Ibarretxe‐Bilbao Naroa , Zubiaurre‐Elorza Leire , Aguiar Covadonga , Ojeda Natalia
Published: March 2021

Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) increases performance in some perceptual tasks. However, little is known about its effect on creativity. Although dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been postulated as an important cortical area related to creativity, the relative role of left and right DLPFC is still unclear. We aimed to compare the effect of anodal left/cathodal right (L + R−) and cathodal left/anodal right (L − R+) tRNS over the DLPFC. Eighty‐four participants were randomly assigned to L + R−, L−R+ or sham group. Current was set at 2 mA (100–500 Hz) with a 1 mA direct current offset (20 min). Creativity was assessed before and during tRNS with the Remotes Associates Test (RAT), Unusual Uses (UU) and Picture Completion (PC) from Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, nine‐dot problem and matchstick arithmetic problems. Bootstrapped analysis of covariance (under‐stimulation scores controlling for baseline) showed that L + R− and L − R+ groups had higher scores than sham in UU whereas only L + R− improved in RAT compared to sham. The L − R+ group performed significantly better than L + R− and sham groups in PC, nine‐dot problem and matchstick arithmetic problems. L + R− DLPFC may help verbal creative thinking whereas the L − R + seems to produce a “releasing effect” through insight problem solving and originality.
What warrants our claims? A methodological evaluation of argument structure
Authors: Ketokivi Mikko , Mantere Saku
Published: March 2021

The process of justifying a generalized theoretical conclusion from a specific empirical analysis continues to elude us. In this article, we suggest that this stems from an incomplete understanding and specification of how arguments are structured. Most importantly, in addition to empirical data, a generalized conclusion hinges on the application of various rules and principles of reasoning that British philosopher Stephen Toulmin labeled warrants. In this article, we apply Toulmin's model of argument structure to empirical management research by examining in particular the roles of four types of warrants: theoretical, inferential, procedural, and contextual. Based on our analysis, we suggest that making warrants and their backings explicit paves the way toward a more comprehensive understanding of how arguments are structured and how claims are justified. Importantly, an examination of warrants reveals that the choices researchers make are not limited to matters such as choosing the research topic or a particular research design, but they also extend to how we produce our claims. If we wish to understand argument structure, we must understand these choices.
Tribological Properties between Taut Hair Fibers in Wet Conditions: A New Shampoo Formulation for Eliminating Stick‐Slip Friction
Authors: Miyamoto Takumi , Yamazaki Naoyuki , Tomotsuka Ayumi , Sasahara Hisamu , Watanabe Shunichi , Yamada Shinji
Published: March 2021

The tribological properties between taut hair fibers in wet conditions were investigated to evaluate the tangling/detangling performance of shampoo formulations during washing (particularly rinsing). A new setup for friction measurements between taut hair fibers was established. Using the setup, tribological properties of hair fibers treated with two shampoo formulations, whose tangling performances were different, were investigated. The base formulation for the shampoos was the same; the only difference was the type of amino‐modified silicones used as conditioning agents. Shampoo (Sp) A (poor detangling performance) incudes water‐insoluble silicone, and Sp B (excellent detangling performance) includes water‐soluble silicone. The tribological behaviors between taut hair fibers treated with the diluted solutions of the Sp were very different; the Sp A‐treated hair exhibited stick‐slip sliding, whereas the Sp B‐treated hair exhibited smooth sliding. This difference presumably comes from the different coacervation behaviors in the diluted solutions and resulting structure of conditioning film formed on hair surfaces. The smooth sliding (ideal for detangling) of Sp B‐treated hair comes from the two‐layer structure of the conditioning film on hair; positively charged amino‐modified silicone dissolved in water adsorbed immediately on negatively charged hair surface, followed by the physical adsorption of coacervates on the adsorbed silicone layer. The outer coacervate layer is easily removed during sliding, and smooth sliding comes from the low friction of the silicone layer. The relationship between the type of amino‐modified silicones, conditioning film formation on the surface, and tribological properties was discussed, which gives insights into designing Sp formulations with excellent detangling performance.
Synthesis and Properties of New Cleavable Cationic Surfactants Containing Carbonate Groups
Authors: Gilbert Elangeni Ana , Guastavino Javier Fernando , Gutierrez Carolina Guadalupe , Lancelle María Verónica , Russell‐White Karen , Murguía Marcelo César
Published: March 2021

A novel series of cleavable alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants with different hydrocarbon chain lengths (C8–16) were synthesized. A carbonate break site inserted between the polar head and the hydrocarbon chain makes these compounds hydrolyzable. The reagents used are renewable, (bio)degradable, or reusable. The hydrolysis of these cleavable surfactants will lead to the generation of fatty alcohols and choline, which is an essential biological nutrient. The surface activities in aqueous solution of the synthesized carbonates fulfill the requirement of being good surfactants. In addition, the cleavable compounds containing n‐decyl and n‐dodecyl chains showed similar or higher antimicrobial activities when compared to a non‐cleavable analog.
Why Are There So Many Waterfowl and So Few Northern Bobwhites? Rethinking Federal Coordination
Authors: Williams Christopher K. , Applegate Roger D. , Coppola Philip M.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we ask whether we should we re‐examine the future of upland gamebird management and greater federal oversight and partnerships in the twenty‐first century. Management for waterfowl in North America has been successful because of the 1918 Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and the subsequent 1986 North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP). Although the MBTA included most migratory and non‐migratory species, upland gamebirds, including the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; bobwhite), were excluded and retained under state control. Although many waterfowl populations have been increasing, bobwhite populations have declined precipitously during much of the period. Excluding non‐migratory gamebirds from the MBTA meant that the multistate coordinating efforts that made the MBTA successful for increasing the management of waterfowl have not been applied. The National Bobwhite Conservation Initiative (NBCI) has made a strong effort to unite states within the bobwhite range but does not have the federal anchoring and financial support that were given to states by the MBTA and NAWMP and currently integrate adaptive harvest, habitat management, and financial partnerships to acquire and manage wetlands that support waterfowl production. The NBCI Coordinated Implementation Program (CIP) is designed to serve the function of developing and monitoring habitat for bobwhites but is entirely voluntary and dependent entirely on state and non‐governmental organization (NGO) funds, lacking federal grants and Federal Duck Stamp funds. To catch up with the successes of waterfowl, we discuss the implications of increasing coordination, partnerships, and funding mechanisms between the federal government, state governments, and NGOs to provide common landscape‐level population monitoring and modeling, adaptive harvest regulations, habitat management goals, and a national upland gamebird stamp. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Effect of Optimized Irrigation With Photon‐Induced Photoacoustic Streaming on Smear Layer Removal, Dentin Microhardness, Attachment Morphology, and Survival of the Stem Cells of Apical Papilla
Authors: Wu Lixuan , Jiang Shan , Ge Huan , Cai Zhiyu , Huang Xiaojing , Zhang Chengfei
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of optimized irrigation with photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) activation of different irrigants (distilled water or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA]) on smear layer removal, dentin microhardness, attachment morphology, and survival of stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) in an organotypic root canal model.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

A total of 144 standardized root segments were randomly allocated into 6 groups for irrigation: (i) NaOCl group, (ii) NaOCl + EDTA group, (iii) NaOCl + PIPS (distilled water) group, (iv) NaOCl + PIPS (EDTA) group, (v) NaOCl + EDTA + PIPS (distilled water) group, and (vi) NaOCl + EDTA + PIPS (EDTA) group. Each group was divided into four subgroups for assessment: (i) dentin cleanliness; (ii) dentin microhardness; (iii) cell attachment morphology; and (iv) viable SCAP quantification.

Results

Compared with the control groups, the NaOCl + EDTA + PIPS (EDTA) group showed higher efficiency in smear layer removal and in increasing SCAP viability with more stretched cellular morphology. There were no statistically significant differences in either smear layer removal effect, dentin microhardness, attachment morphology, or survival of SCAP among the other groups when optimized with PIPS (distilled water or EDTA) (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that irrigation optimized with PIPS activation of EDTA for 40 seconds was conducive to smear layer removal without additional dentin microhardness decrease. Additionally, this irrigation created more cell‐friendly dentin conditioning than other approaches, which was beneficial for the attachment and survival of SCAP. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC