bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co‐firing technology for the preparation of asymmetric oxygen transporting membranes based on BSCF and Zr‐doped BSCF
Authors: Pippardt U. , Böer J. , Kiesel L. , Kircheisen R. , Kriegel R. , Voigt I.
Published: October 2013

Significance

Asymmetric tubular membranes with a length of 450 mm were prepared in one step by co‐firing of a green support coated by slurry. BSCF (Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3‐δ) and Zr‐doped BSCF3Zr (Ba0.5Sr0.5(Co0.8Fe0.2)0.97Zr0.03O3‐δ) were used for the separation layer as well as for the porous support, latter one together with PMMA microspheres as a pore forming agent. The gas leakage at room temperature was below 0.003 mL STP/(cm2·min). Oxygen fluxes up to 12 mL STP/(cm2·min) were observed at 900°C in vacuo operation mode. The oxygen flux increased with growing driving force but the slope of the curve flattened at higher driving forces probably caused by limiting surface exchange and pressure losses inside the porous support. The oxygen permeation of asymmetric BSCF tubes was slightly higher compared to BSCF3Zr and exceeded the oxygen flux of a monolithic BSCF membrane by a factor of 4 at comparable operation conditions. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 15–21, 2014
Manual lateralization in wild redfronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons) during spontaneous actions and in an experimental task
Authors: Schnoell Anna V. , Huebner Franziska , Kappeler Peter M. , Fichtel Claudia
Published: October 2013

The dominant use of one hand is a striking feature of humans, but manual lateralization can be found in a variety of other species as well. In primates, the lateralization in hand use varies among species and several theories such as the “postural origin,” “task complexity,” or “development theory” have been suggested to explain this variation. In order to contribute comparative data on this phenomenon from a basal primate, we studied manual lateralization in wild redfronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons). Data were collected on four groups at Kirindy Forest, western Madagascar, during spontaneous actions and by confronting them with artificial feeding boxes. The lemurs did not exhibit manual lateralization on a group level in either condition. More individuals showed a hand preference in the experimental task, and the preferences were stronger compared to spontaneous actions. The direction of individual hand preferences was not consistent across the two conditions. The results of this study show that measuring manual laterality in different contexts can yield different results. Manual lateralization in wild redfronted lemurs therefore seems to be flexible and situation dependent and probably not ecologically relevant in their natural habitat. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:61–67, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive Regulation Against Unknown Narrow Band Disturbances Applied to the Flying Height Control in Data Storage Systems
Authors: Wu Zhizheng , Liu Mei
Published: October 2013

This paper presents an adaptive regulation approach in linear systems against exogenous narrow band inputs such as disturbances or reference signals consisting of a linear combination of biased sinusoids with unknown amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. The design of the regulator is based on considering a Q‐parameterized set of stabilizing controllers for the linear system, where an adaptive FIR filter with fixed IIR filtering is adopted as the Q parameter. The goal of the adaptation is to search within the set of stabilizing controllers for a controller, or equivalently a Q parameter, that yields regulation in the closed loop system. The proposed adaptive regulation algorithm is applied to an active suspension beam system, which is motivated by the flying height control problem in data storage systems. The experimental result of the closed loop system shows the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive regulator in achieving the desired tracking performance under unknown exogenous disturbances.
Indian mothers' perceptions of their roles in their daughters' university course choices
Authors: Khambhaita Priya
Published: October 2013

This paper presents new findings on the experiences of Indian mothers in the roles they play in their daughters' higher education (HE) subject choices. Whilst there are existing studies on White British mothers and parents more generally in terms of parental involvement in education, and a growing number of papers presenting results on Bangladeshi and Pakistani parents, evidence on Indian parents (and students) is relatively sparse. In particular, there is a lack of research where Indian parents are given space to voice their own narratives in their own words. In the main, existing studies focus on parents from the viewpoint of their children as students. This qualitative study involved semi‐structured interviews with nine Indian mothers from different areas in England. Commonalities and disparities between the experiences of Indian mothers presented here and accounts of White mothers of similar class and educational backgrounds presented in existing literature are analysed using an intersectional lens. Results show that working class Indian mothers could be making up some of their disadvantage in terms of social and cultural capital through family and community networks. Furthermore, mothers regard younger relatives as potential sources of important knowledge and resources that could help them and their daughters navigate the HE landscape. This has not been found in studies on White mothers where the emphasis instead has been on the exchange of knowledge from adults to the younger generation. This article arises out of an ESRC funded doctoral study of choice at university for British South Asian women.
Reentrant condensation of lysozyme: Implications for studying dynamics of lysozyme in aqueous solutions of lithium chloride
Authors: Mamontov Eugene , O'Neill Hugh
Published: October 2013

Recent studies have outlined the use of eutectic solutions of lithium chloride in water to study microscopic dynamics of lysozyme in an aqueous solvent that is remarkably similar to pure water in many respects, yet allows experiments over a wide temperature range without solvent crystallization. The eutectic point in a (H2O)R(LiCl) system corresponds to R ≈ 7.3, and it is of interest to investigate whether less‐concentrated aqueous solutions of LiCl could be used in low‐temperature studies of a solvated protein. We have investigated a range of concentrations of lysozyme and LiCl in aqueous solutions to identify systems that do not show phase separation and avoid solvent crystallization on cooling down. Compared to the lysozyme concentration in solution, the concentration of LiCl in the aqueous solvent plays the major role in determining systems suitable for low‐temperature studies. We have observed interesting and rich phase behavior reminiscent of reentrant condensation of proteins. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 624–629, 2014.
The Role of 2,6‐Diaminopyridine Ligands in the Isolation of an Unprecedented, Low‐Valent Tin Complex
Authors: Flock Johanna , Suljanovic Amra , Torvisco Ana , Schoefberger Wolfgang , Gerke Birgit , Pöttgen Rainer , Fischer Roland C. , Flock Michaela
Published: October 2013

Stabilization of the central atom in an oxidation state of zero through coordination of neutral ligands is a common bonding motif in transition‐metal chemistry. However, the stabilization of main‐group elements in an oxidation state of zero by neutral ligands is rare. Herein, we report that the transamination reaction of the DAMPY ligand system (DAMPY=2,6‐[ArNH‐CH2]2(NC5H3) (Ar=C6H3‐2,6‐iPr2)) with Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 produces the DIMPYSn complex (DIMPY=(2,6‐[ArNCH]2(NC5H3)) with the Sn atom in a formal oxidation state of zero. This is the first example of a tin compound stabilized in a formal oxidation state of zero by only one donor molecule. Furthermore, three related low‐valent SnII complexes, including a [DIMPYSnIICl]+[SnCl3]− ion pair, a bisstannylene DAMPY{SnII[N(SiMe3)2]2}2, and the enamine complex MeDIMPYSnII, were isolated. Experimental results and the conclusions drawn are also supported by theoretical studies at the density functional level of theory and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Organizational culture evolution in temporary organizations: The case of the 2010 Olympic Winter Games
Authors: Parent Milena M. , MacIntosh Eric W.
Published: October 2013

We examine organizational culture evolution within a temporary organization, specifically the 2010 Olympic Winter Games organizing committee, by exploring aspects of the work environment. Analysis of organizational artifacts, ethnographic field‐notes, and member‐checking demonstrated that liminal spaces facilitated socialization and cultural crystallization, which in turn assisted members' performance. Organizational structure, socialization, and cultural evolution were parallel processes that impacted each other. The concept of time (i.e., velocity) had a direct influence on subculture crystallization. The paper further integrates stakeholder/client interactions and draws on the role of leadership and cultural infusion mechanisms to demonstrate how culture evolves in temporary organizations. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors associated with recovery from anorexia nervosa: A population‐based study
Authors: Keski‐Rahkonen Anna , Raevuori Anu , Bulik Cynthia M. , Hoek Hans W. , Rissanen Aila , Kaprio Jaakko
Published: October 2013

Background

 To examine factors associated with the outcome of anorexia nervosa among women from the general population.

Method

 Women (N = 2,881) from the 1975–1979 birth cohorts of Finnish twins were screened for lifetime DSM‐IV anorexia nervosa (N = 55 cases) using questionnaires and the SCID interview. Potential factors associated with the likelihood of recovery were addressed in the same assessment. Recovery was defined as restoration of weight, menstruation, and the absence of bingeing and purging for at least one year prior to assessment. Using two‐tailed t tests and Pearson's chi‐square tests, we contrasted recovered (N = 39) and unrecovered (N = 16) women. We then used logistic regression adjusted for duration of illness and Cox proportional hazard models to account for the variable lengths of illness on prognostic factors.

Results

 Unrecovered women were more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms prior to eating disorder onset (18.8% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.04), remain unemployed (18.8% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.04), report dissatisfaction with their current partner/spouse (p = 0.02), and report high perfectionism (p = 0.05) than were recovered women. When duration of illness was accounted for in the analyses, premorbid depression was the sole factor significantly associated with decreased likelihood of recovery (hazard ratio 0.17, 95% confidence interval: 0.03–0.89).

Discussion

Predicting the course of anorexia remains fraught with difficulty, but premorbid depressive symptoms are associated with poor outcome of anorexia nervosa in the general population. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:117–123)
Strong male‐biased operational sex ratio in a breeding population of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) inferred by paternal genotype reconstruction analysis
Authors: Lasala Jacob A. , Harrison J. Scott , Williams Kris L. , Rostal David C.
Published: October 2013

Characterization of a species mating systems is fundamental for understanding the natural history and evolution of that species. Polyandry can result in the multiple paternity of progeny arrays. The only previous study of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in the USA showed that within the large peninsular Florida subpopulation, multiple paternity occurs in approximately 30% of clutches. Our study tested clutches from the smaller northern subpopulation for the presence of multiple paternal contributions. We examined mothers and up to 20 offspring from 19.5% of clutches laid across three nesting seasons (2008–2010) on the small nesting beach on Wassaw Island, Georgia, USA. We found that 75% of clutches sampled had multiple fathers with an average of 2.65 fathers per nest (1–7 fathers found). The average number of fathers per clutch varied among years and increased with female size. There was no relationship between number of fathers and hatching success. Finally, we found 195 individual paternal genotypes and determined that each male contributed to no more than a single clutch over the 3‐year sampling period. Together these results suggest that the operational sex ratio is male‐biased at this site.
The Science–Policy Interface for Climate Change Adaptation: the Contribution of Communities of Practice Theory
Authors: Iyalomhe Felix , Jensen Anne , Critto Andrea , Marcomini Antonio
Published: October 2013

Climate change adaptation demands a successful science–policy interface that can enhance the translation of climate scenarios to adaptation policies. However, experience shows it is difficult to implement this interface in practice, particularly at the regional/local scale. This paper considers the communities of practice theory in a new way, by examining two model cases to highlight areas of potential opportunities and contentions with the theory, and to understand how a successful science–policy interface in climate change adaptation projects could be envisioned as a community of practice. The assumption is that the social contexts in which these projects often exist could be established by the concepts of ‘communities of practice’, which defines activities in a social and historical context that gives structure to the engagement of participants. We compiled cases from open‐ended survey and interactive research experience and observation, and inductively reflected on these vis‐à‐vis communities of practice. The model cases revealed challenges as well as potential opportunities for communities of practice, in that they exist within a middle space (social context) that could facilitate personal and professional relationship, promote formal and informal interactions, and are needed to negotiate different expertise and narrow apparent boundaries. We conclude that vigorous and dynamic communities of practice promise to nurture the social context in which participants in adaptation projects are potentially engaged, and thus provide a provisional support to the science–policy interface. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The who's who of T‐cell differentiation: Human memory T‐cell subsets
Authors: Mahnke Yolanda D. , Brodie Tess M. , Sallusto Federica , Roederer Mario , Lugli Enrico
Published: October 2013

Following antigen encounter and subsequent resolution of the immune response, a single naïve T cell is able to generate multiple subsets of memory T cells with different phenotypic and functional properties and gene expression profiles. Single‐cell technologies, first and foremost flow cytometry, have revealed the complex heterogeneity of the memory T‐cell compartment and its organization into subsets. However, a consensus has still to be reached, both at the semantic (nomenclature) and phenotypic level, regarding the identification of these subsets. Here, we review recent developments in the characterization of the heterogeneity of the memory T‐cell compartment, and propose a unified classification of both human and nonhuman primate T cells on the basis of phenotypic traits and in vivo properties. Given that vaccine studies and adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy protocols are influenced by these recent findings, it is important to use uniform methods for identifying and discussing functionally distinct subsets of T cells.
Structural, spectroscopic aspects, and electronic properties of (TiO2)n clusters: A study based on the use of natural algorithms in association with quantum chemical methods
Authors: Ganguly Neogi Soumya , Chaudhury Pinaki
Published: October 2013

In this article, we propose a stochastic search‐based method, namely genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate global and local minimum structures of (TiO2)n clusters with n = 1–12. Once the structures are established, we evaluate the infrared spectroscopic modes, cluster formation energy, vertical excitation energy, vertical ionization potential, vertical electron affinity, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gaps, and so forth. We show that an initial determination of structure using stochastic techniques (GA/SA), also popularly known as natural algorithms as their working principle mimics certain natural processes, and following it up with density functional calculations lead to high‐quality structures for these systems. We have shown that the clusters tend to form three‐dimensional networks. We compare our results with the available experimental and theoretical results. The results obtained from SA/GA‐DFT technique agree well with available theoretical and experimental data of literature. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nationwide survey for primary sclerosing cholangitis and IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Tazuma Susumu , Okazaki Kazuichi , Tsubouchi Hirohito , Inui Kazuo , Takikawa Hajime
Published: October 2013

Background

We previously conducted nationwide surveys for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in Japan, and demonstrated several characteristic features of Japanese PSC patients, yet patients with IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4‐SC) might be misdiagnosed as PSC. Since the clinical diagnostic criteria of IgG4‐SC were established in 2012, we again conducted a nationwide survey to investigate the characteristics of PSC and IgG4‐SC lacking pancreatic involvement.

Methods

The design was a questionnaire‐based, multi‐center retrospective study. The enrolled subjects were patients with PSC and IgG4‐SC without pancreatic involvement diagnosed after 2005.

Results

We enrolled 197 PSC and 43 IgG4‐SC patients without pancreatic lesions. The male dominance was significantly evident in IgG4‐SC (P = 0.006). In patients with PSC, two peaks in age distribution were clearly observed. IgG4‐SC was not detected in any patient younger than 45 years of age. At presentation, serum albumin and IgM were significantly higher in PSC, while serum IgG and IgG4 were significantly elevated in IgG4‐SC. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was detected in only 68/197 PSC patients (34%). The prognosis of IgG4‐SC was considerably better than that of PSC.

Conclusion

We confirmed several interesting clinical details of PSC in Japanese patients: two peaks in the age distribution and lower prevalence of IBD.
MAKING POVERTY INTO A FINANCIAL PROBLEM: FROM GLOBAL POVERTY LINES TO KIVA.ORG
Authors: Schwittay Anke F.
Published: October 2013

This paper presents the financialization of poverty as a conceptual addition to the literature on microfinance. It argues that for microfinance to be seen as a solution to poverty alleviation, poverty has been made into a financial problem. This is exemplified by the World Bank's global poverty line and leads to the constitution of poor people as financial subjects. In addition, thinking of poverty in financial terms enables Northern publics’ engagement with poverty. Recent initiatives like Live Below the Line and Kiva.org are presented as examples of how poverty is made manageable for Northern supporters of microfinance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FOOD PRICE CHANGES AND POVERTY IN ZAMBIA: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT USING HOUSEHOLD MICRODATA
Authors: Caracciolo Francesco , Depalo Domenico , Macias Josè Brambila
Published: October 2013

This paper presents estimates of the welfare and poverty effects of a price increase in a major food commodity in an underdeveloped country. We use household data from a Zambian survey to estimate a demand system with which various price scenarios can be simulated for the main Zambian staple and its possible effects on different population categories. Our results show that a 50 per cent increase in maize prices could lead to an average consumption decrease of 17 per cent among Zambian households, and overall poverty could rise from 68 to 70 per cent fairly quickly at national level. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
pH Stability of Poly(urethane/urea) Capsules Synthesized from Different Hydrophilic Monomers via Interfacial Polyaddition in the Inverse Miniemulsion Process
Authors: Baier Grit , Friedemann Kathrin , Leuschner Eva‐Maria , Musyanovych Anna , Landfester Katharina
Published: October 2013

Poly(urethane/urea) capsules with different hydrophilic monomers and toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate were prepared using a polyaddition reaction in inverse miniemulsion. The morphology and the size distribution of the prepared capsules were studied via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Furthermore, the capsules were transferred into an aqueous surfactant containing solution and exposed to different pH values (2.5, 7 and 9). The changes in the capsule's shell stability were studied by measuring the amount of a released dye, which had previously been encapsulated, using fluorescence spectroscopy. The specific surface area of nanocapsules was calculated from nitrogen sorption measurements (Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET)).
Effect of Filler Size on the Thermal Properties of ER/BaTiO3 Composites
Authors: Patsidis Anastasios , Georga Stavroula N. , Krontiras Christoforos A. , Psarras Georgios C. , Kanapitsas Athanasios , Tsonos Christos
Published: October 2013

Epoxy resin/barium titanate nano‐ and micro‐composites were prepared and studied, varying the filler content. Thermal properties of the composite systems were examined by means of Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analysis, while dielectric response was assessed via Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy. Decomposition temperature found not to vary with filler size, while thermal stability of reinforced systems is enhanced compared to epoxy resin. Nanocomposites exhibit, improved thermal properties compared to micro‐composites at the same filler content. Composite systems attain higher values of dielectric permittivity, and relaxation processes are present in all studied systems.
Photo‐Controlled Synthesis of Responsive Polymer Capsules from Hybrid Core‐Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Achilleos Demetra S. , Hatton T. Alan , Vamvakaki Maria
Published: October 2013

Herein, we report for the first time the light‐driven supramolecular engineering of water‐dispersible polymer vesicles. The hollow capsules were controllably formed and ruptured by stimulating photosensitive, spherical polymer brushes on silica particles with the appropriate phototrigger. The polymer brushes were synthesized by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and consisted of dual‐responsive 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and light‐sensitive spiropyran (SP) moieties which undergo isomerization to merocyanine (MC) upon UV irradiation. Upon prolonged UV exposure of the sterically crowded polymer brushes, H‐type π − π stacks are formed between the MC isomers, which act as physical cross‐links between the polymer chains. After HF etching of the inorganic core, dual responsive polymeric vesicles are derived, whose walls' robustness is provided by the H‐type aggregates. The hydrophilic and pH‐sensitive properties of the DMAEMA comonomer, facilitate the formation of the hollow capsules in water and their size manipulation via alteration of the solution pH, respectively. The inherent ability of the nanocapsules to fluoresce in water opens new avenues for the development of nanoscale capsules for biomedical applications. Finally, disruption of the stacks and thus the polymer vesicles can be achieved remotely using harmless visible‐light irradiation.
Antimicrobial Agent‐Containing Polymeric Materials
Authors: Karakosta Paraskevi , Koumlili Eleni , Kammona Olga , Kiparissides Costas
Published: October 2013

Crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) P(MMA/EGDMA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with the antimicrobial agent methyl paraben (MP) were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. The MP‐loaded NPs (i.e., ≤9.63 wt% MP) had an average size in the range of 108 to 145 nm. The NPs were subsequently incorporated in a low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix, in the form of individual NPs and small aggregates (<1 µm), employing a twin screw extrusion process in the presence and absence of appropriate compatibilizers (i.e., montmorillonite clay (MMT), mesoporous silica (MCM‐41)). MP exhibited a sustained release profile from the P(MMA/EGDMA) (NPs) as well as from the LDPE matrix.
Leptocarposide: a new triterpenoid glycoside from Ludwigia leptocarpa (Onagraceae)
Authors: Mabou Florence Déclaire , Tebou Perrin Lanversin Foning , Ngnokam David , Harakat Dominique , Voutquenne‐Nazabadioko Laurence
Published: October 2013

A new triterpenoid bidesmoside (leptocarposide) possessing an acyl group in their glycosidic moiety (1), together with the known luteolin‐8‐C‐glucoside (2) and 1‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(2S,3R,8E)‐2‐[(2′R)‐2‐hydroxypalmitoylamino]‐8‐octadecen‐1,3‐diol (3) was isolated from the n‐butanol‐soluble fraction of whole plant of Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt) Hara (Onagraceae). Structure of compound 1 has been assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR, 1H‐1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY), mass spectrometry, and by comparison with the literature. This compound was further screened for its potential antioxidant properties by using the radical scavenging assay model 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and reveals non‐potent antioxidant activities, while compound 2 shows SC50 of 0,038 mM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H, 13C NMR studies of new 3‐aminophenol isomers linked to pyridinium salts
Authors: Schiaffino‐Ortega Santiago , Espinosa Antonio , Gallo Miguel A. , López‐Cara L. Carlota , Entrena Antonio
Published: October 2013

1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data of 20 new non‐symmetrical compounds were assigned by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR experiments (DEPT, HSQC, and HMBC). These compounds contain a 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐ or 4‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)pyridinium moiety and a 3‐nitro‐, 3‐amino‐, or 3‐hydroxyphenyl ring, linked by p‐xylene, 4,4′‐dimethylbiphenyl, 1,2‐bis(p‐tolyl)ethane, or 1,4‐bis(p‐tolyl)butane. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans protein fractions that induce protective immune responses
Authors: Chaturvedi Ashok K. , Weintraub Susan T. , Lopez‐Ribot Jose L. , Wormley Floyd L.
Published: October 2013

Cryptococcus neoformans, the main causative agent of cryptococcosis, is a fungal pathogen that causes life‐threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. To date, there is no vaccine or immunotherapy approved to treat cryptococcosis. Cell‐ and antibody‐mediated immune responses collaborate to mediate optimal protection against C. neoformans infections. Accordingly, we identified cryptococcal protein fractions capable of stimulating cell‐ and antibody‐mediated immune responses and determined their efficacy to elicit protection against cryptococcosis. Proteins were extracted from C. neoformans and fractionated based on molecular mass. The fractions were then evaluated by immunoblot analysis for reactivity to serum extracted from protectively immunized mice and in cytokine recall assays for their efficacy to induce pro‐inflammatory and Th1‐type cytokine responses associated with protection. MS analysis revealed a number of proteins with roles in stress response, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid synthesis, and protein synthesis. Immunization with select protein fractions containing immunodominant antigens induced significantly prolonged survival against experimental pulmonary cryptococcosis. Our studies support using the combination of immunological and proteomic approaches to identify proteins that elicit antigen‐specific antibody and Th1‐type cytokine responses. The immunodominant antigens that were discovered represent attractive candidates for the development of novel subunit vaccines for treatment and/or prevention of cryptococcosis.
Cholesterol‐β1AR interaction versus cholesterol‐β2AR interaction
Authors: Cang Xiaohui , Yang Linlin , Yang Jing , Luo Cheng , Zheng Mingyue , Yu Kunqian , Yang Huaiyu , Jiang Hualiang
Published: October 2013

Two 8‐µs all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the two highly homologous G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes, β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors, which were embedded in a lipid bilayer with randomly dispersed cholesterol molecules. During the simulations, cholesterol molecules accumulate to different surface regions of the two receptors, suggesting the subtype specificity of cholesterol–β‐adrenergic receptor interaction and providing some clues to the physiological difference of the two subtypes. Meanwhile, comparison between the two receptors in interacting with cholesterols shed some new light on general determinants of cholesterol binding to GPCRs. Our results indicate that although the concave surface, charged residues and aromatic residues are important, neither of these stabilizing factors is indispensable for a cholesterol interaction site. Different combinations of these factors lead to the diversified binding modes of cholesterol binding to the receptors. Our long‐time simulations, for the first time, revealed the pathway of a cholesterol molecule entering the consensus cholesterol motif (CCM) site, and the binding process of cholesterol to CCM is accompanied by a side chain flipping of the conserved Trp4.50. Moreover, the simulation results suggest that the I‐/V‐/L‐rich region on the extracellular parts of helix 6 might be an alternatively conserved cholesterol‐binding site for the class‐A GPCRs. Proteins 2014; 82:760–770. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety management systems at unregulated upstream oil and gas facilities
Authors: Norton Kristin D. , Saura Michael B. , Scholtz Colin R.
Published: October 2013

Upstream oil and gas facilities are typically exempt from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Process Safety Management standard; however, in light of recent regulatory scrutiny on the safety of upstream operations, many operating companies have extended their safety management programs to their upstream facilities creating challenges for implementation. Many of these facilities have been operating without significant incidents for many years without proper Process Safety Information, Process Hazard Analyses, Management of Change programs, etc. making the challenge of accepting and implementing these programs difficult to embrace. This article is focused on providing insights and practical tips for the implementation of safety programs at upstream facilities to enhance the commitment to implementing process safety with limited resources. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 33: 259–264, 2014
A reliable quality of service aware fault tolerant gateway discovery protocol for vehicular networks
Authors: Aljeri Noura , Abrougui Kaouther , Almulla Mohammed , Boukerche Azzedine
Published: October 2013

A great interest in vehicular ad‐hoc networks has been noticed by the research community. General goals of vehicular networks are to enhance safety on the road and to ensure the convenience of passengers by continuously providing them, in real time, with information and entertainment options such as routes to destinations, traffic conditions, facilities' information, and multimedia/Internet access. Indeed, time efficient systems that have high connectivity and low bandwidth usage are most needed to cope with realistic traffic mobility conditions. One foundation of such a system is the design of an efficient gateway discovery protocol that guarantees robust connectivity between vehicles, while assuring Internet access. Little work has been performed on how to concurrently integrate load balancing, quality of service (QoS), and fault tolerant mechanisms into these protocols. In this paper, we propose a reliable QoS‐aware and location aided gateway discovery protocol for vehicular networks by the name of fault tolerant location‐based gateway advertisement and discovery. One of the features of this protocol is its ability to tolerate gateway routers and/or road vehicle failure. Moreover, this protocol takes into consideration the aspects of the QoS requirements specified by the gateway requesters; furthermore, the protocol insures load balancing on the gateways as well as on the routes between gateways and gateway clients. We discuss its implementation and report on its performance in contrast with similar protocols through extensive simulation experiments using the ns‐2 simulator. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo disease)
Authors: de Ruijter J. , Broere L. , Mulder M. F. , van der Ploeg A. T. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. E. , Wortmann S. B. , Visser G. , Wijburg F. A.
Published: October 2013

Background

Mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III), known as Sanfilippo disease, is a lysosomal storage disorder mainly characterized by progressive neurodegeneration with cognitive decline and relatively attenuated somatic signs and symptoms. Although short stature is invariably present in patients with the other mucopolysaccharidoses, it has not been sufficiently addressed in MPS III. The aim of this study was to investigate growth data of a large Dutch MPS III cohort in order to construct growth charts for MPS III patients.

Methods

Height, weight, head circumference (HC), and body mass index (BMI) data from 118 MPS III patients were used to construct reference curves, using the lambda, mu, sigma (LMS) method. Genotype‐group comparisons for height standard deviation scores (SDS) were performed by Kruskal–Wallis analysis for different age groups.

Results

Birth weight and length were within normal ranges for gestational age and showed a significantly stunted growth from age 6 years onward. Mean final heights were 169.7 cm (−2.0 SDS) and 165.4 cm (−0.84 SDS) for adult male and female, patients, respectively. Phenotypic severity, as assessed by genotyping, correlated with growth pattern and final height. In addition, mean BMI and HC SDS were significantly higher when compared with Dutch standards for both boys and girls.

Conclusions

Growth in MPS III is stunted mainly in patients with the severe phenotype. We provide disease‐specific growth references that can be used for clinical management of MPS III patients and may be of value for future treatment studies.
Regulation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis by Seaweed Fucoxanthin and Its Metabolite in Cultured Hepatocytes
Authors: Aki Tsunehiro , Yamamoto Masaya , Takahashi Toshiaki , Tomita Kohki , Toyoura Rieko , Iwashita Kazuhiro , Kawamoto Seiji , Hosokawa Masashi , Miyashita Kazuo , Ono Kazuhisa
Published: October 2013

The effects of a seaweed carotenoid, fucoxanthin, and its physiological metabolite, fucoxanthinol, on the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were investigated using cultured rat hepatoma BRL‐3A. The metabolism of α‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐3) was suppressed by the addition of these carotenoids, resulting in a decrease in the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3), which suggested a down‐regulation of metabolic enzymes such as fatty acid desaturase and elongase. An increase in the content of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3), as observed in previous studies in vivo, might be a buffering action to maintain the membrane fluidity. The suppressive effect of fucoxanthinol on ∆6 fatty acid desaturase was not at the level of gene expression but due to specific modifications of the protein via a ubiquitin–proteasome system. A proteomic analysis revealed several factors such as phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein that might be involved in the observed action of fucoxanthin. These findings will contribute to studies on the elucidation of the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of PUFA biosynthesis by fucoxanthin.
Suicidal ideations and attempts among adolescents subjected to childhood sexual abuse and family conflict/violence: The mediating role of anger and depressed mood
Authors: Sigfusdottir Inga Dora , Asgeirsdottir Bryndis Bjork , Gudjonsson Gisli H. , Sigurdsson Jon Fridrik
Published: October 2013

Based on a sample of 9085 16‐ to 19‐year‐old students attending all high schools in Iceland in 2004, the current study examines depressed mood and anger as potential mediators between family conflict/violence and sexual abuse, on the one hand, and suicidal ideations and suicide attempts on the other. Agnew's general strain theory provides the theoretical framework for the study. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted allowing explicit modelling of both direct and mediating effects using observed and latent variables. The findings showed that both depressed mood and anger mediated the relationship between family conflict/violence and sexual abuse and suicidal attempts. However, when testing the mediating pathways between sexual abuse and family conflict/violence and suicidal ideations, only depressed mood but not anger turned out to be a significant mediator. The authors discuss how these finding may inform and facilitate the design and development of interventions to reduce the likelihood of suicide attempts among young people.
Pioglitazone use and the risk of bladder cancer
Authors: Kuo Hsin‐Wei , Tiao Mao‐Meng , Ho Shu‐Chen , Yang Chun‐Yuh
Published: October 2013

This study aimed to identify the risk association between pioglitazone exposure and bladder cancer. A nested case–control study was performed using a representative database randomly sampled from National Health Insurance enrollees. The source cohort consisted of newly diagnosed diabetic patients from 1997 to 2009. Cases were identified as those with a diagnosis of bladder cancer from 2002 to 2009. For each case, four matched control individuals were randomly selected. A multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate the relative magnitude of risk in relation to the use of pioglitazone. In total, 259 cases and 1036 controls were identified. The prevalent use of pioglitazone is similar in cases and controls (adjusted odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–2.49). Compared to nonusers, these values were 1.08 (0.41–2.88) for those with cumulative pioglitazone use ≤ 8268 mg and 1.35 (0.48–3.79) for those with cumulative pioglitazone use > 8268 mg. This study does not provide support for the risk association between pioglitazone exposure and bladder cancer. Further confirmation is needed due to the limitation of small case number with relatively shorter exposure duration and lower cumulative dose.
Liquidity and capital under uncertainty and changing market sentiment: A simple analysis
Authors: Bossone Biagio
Published: October 2013

This study introduces a general approach to investigate resource allocation and asset prices in an economy with uncertainty and shifts in market sentiment. The approach presents a number of key features: first, it proposes a choice‐theoretic model that determines the utility that the agents derive from holding assets with different liquidity. Second, it incorporates a variable (endogenously‐determined) cost structure of asset liquidation, which reflects the (in)efficiencies of the financial infrastructure and changes in market moods. Third, it also incorporates a model of expectations formation under uncertainty and changing market sentiment. While rich in structure, the approach offers a simple analytical framework to investigate resource allocation decision and asset price dynamics under various sources of uncertainty, and to explore the micro‐economics of speculative bubbles and boom–bust sequences. The use of a possible market‐specific prudential policy tool is discussed.
Influencing the Modern in Brisbane
Authors: Hamilton Judy
Published: October 2013

Dr Gertrude Langer arrived quite by chance in Brisbane in 1939 as a refugee from Hitler's Europe. She was a young, elegant Austrian refugee with a PhD in art history from the University of Vienna. After arriving in Australia, Gertrude and her husband, Dr Karl Langer, had hoped to settle in Sydney, but Karl's work as an architect moved them on to Brisbane. Gertrude Langer would become an important figure in Brisbane's post-war art scene through her salon-style lectures, art criticism and work with the Australia Council. She strongly believed that the arts were an important part of a community, and for this reason became a champion for the cause of contemporary art in Brisbane.
Brendan Gleeson and Wendy Steele, eds, 'A climate for growth: planning South-East Queensland', St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 2010, ISBN 9 7807 0223 7768, 368 pp., RRP A$34.95
Authors: Shields Kirril
Published: October 2013

Brendan Gleeson and Wendy Steele, eds, A climate for growth: planning South-East Queensland, St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 2010, ISBN 9 7807 0223 7768, 368 pp., RRP A$34.95
Sponge species composition of north-east Atlantic cold-water coral reefs compared in a bathyal to inshore gradient
Authors: van Soest R.W.M. , de Voogd N.J.
Published: October 2013

A comparison is made of sponge diversity and abundance in nine cold-water coral reef locations situated in four regions of the north-east Atlantic, Rockall Bank (two reef locations, both deep, oceanic), Porcupine Bank (two locations, both deep, oceanic), Mingulay (two reef locations, both shallow, near-shore), Skagerrak (three reef locations, all shallow, near-shore). Literature data from two reefs were used to supplement our own data from seven reef locations. Geographical distance between the regions may be summarized as Rockall Bank < Porcupine << Mingulay <<< Skagerrak. The first three regions are all situated west of the British Isles, and prevailing current patterns and bottom conditions would make direct larval transport between all three a distinct possibility. The fourth region, Skagerrak, is situated away from the Atlantic regions, with larval contact hampered by long distances over predominantly shallow sedimented sea bottoms. Accordingly, we expected the largest taxon turnover to be between the three Atlantic regions and the Skagerrak localities. However, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling clearly show, that shelf reefs at Mingulay were faunistically closer to the geographically- distant shelf reefs at Skagerrak than to the geographically closer bathyal reefs of the Porcupine–Rockall area. Further research is necessary to determine whether depth is a proxy for other abiotic factors such as oceanic circulation or trophic conditions.
Alexandre Métraux Leaves Editorship of Science in Context
Authors: Elazar Michael , Epple Moritz , Greenfield Miriam , Harari Orna , Renn Jürgen
Published: October 2013

After more than a decade Alexandre Métraux is leaving his post as a co-editor of Science in Context and will remain as a member of the editorial board.
Obstruktive Atemwegserkrankungen im Kindesalter
Authors: Frey Urs , Barben Jürg , Hammer Jürg
Published: October 2013

Obstruktive Atemwegserkrankungen bei Kindern zeigen sich je nach Alter in verschiedener phenotypischer Ausprägung. Bei Säuglingen und Vorschulkindern treten diese Erkrankungen häufig während viral induzierten Episoden auf und werden oft als obstruktive Bronchitis bezeichnet. Sie sind häufig transient. Jedoch etwa 10 % aller Kinder entwickeln eine chronische Form von rezidivierenden obstruktiven Symptomen, die durch eine Vielzahl von Auslösern wie Viren, Luftschadstoffen oder Allergene ausgelöst werden. Diese Form wird häufig als Asthma bronchiale bezeichnet und ist therapeutisch anders anzugehen als die gewöhnliche obstruktive Bronchitis. Hier ist vor allem die vorbeugende antientzündliche inhalative Therapie in Kombination mit einer atemswegserweiternden Therapie im Vordergrund. Bei obstruktiven Bronchitiden, die vorwiegend während viralen Episoden auftreten werden dagegen meist nur Bronchodilatatoren nach Bedarf eingesetzt. Die aktuelle Review zeigt auf, wie diese verschiedenen Erkrankungen unterschieden werden können und wie sie gemäß nationalen und internationalen Richtlinien phenotyp-spezifisch behandelt werden sollten.
Alterations of Hippocampal Glucose Metabolism by Even versus Uneven Medium Chain Triglycerides
Authors: McDonald Tanya S , Tan Kah Ni , Hodson Mark P , Borges Karin
Published: October 2013

Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are used to treat neurologic disorders with metabolic impairments, including childhood epilepsy and early Alzheimer's disease. However, the metabolic effects of MCTs in the brain are still unclear. Here, we studied the effects of feeding even and uneven MCTs on brain glucose metabolism in the mouse. Adult mice were fed 35% (calories) of trioctanoin or triheptanoin (the triglycerides of octanoate or heptanoate, respectively) or a matching control diet for 3 weeks. Enzymatic assays and targeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used to quantify metabolites in extracts from the hippocampal formations (HFs). Both oils increased the levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, but no other significant metabolic alterations were observed after triheptanoin feeding. The levels of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate were increased in the HF of mice fed trioctanoin, whereas levels of metabolites further downstream in the glycolytic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway were reduced. This indicates that trioctanoin reduces glucose utilization because of a decrease in phosphofructokinase activity. Trioctanoin and triheptanoin showed similar anticonvulsant effects in the 6 Hz seizure model, but it remains unknown to what extent the anticonvulsant mechanism(s) are shared. In conclusion, triheptanoin unlike trioctanoin appears to not alter glucose metabolism in the healthy brain.
Proteomic analysis of the SIRT6 interactome: novel links to genome maintenance and cellular stress signaling
Authors: Simeoni Federica , Tasselli Luisa , Tanaka Shinji , Villanova Lidia , Hayashi Mayumi , Kubota Kazuishi , Isono Fujio , Garcia Benjamin A. , Michishita-Kioi Eriko , Chua Katrin F.
Published: October 2013

The chromatin regulatory factor SIRT6 plays pivotal roles in metabolism, tumor suppression, and aging biology. Despite the fundamental roles of SIRT6 in physiology and disease, only a handful of molecular and functional interactions of SIRT6 have been reported. Here, we characterize the SIRT6 interactome and identify 80+ novel SIRT6-interacting proteins. The discovery of these SIRT6-associations considerably expands knowledge of the SIRT6 interaction network, and suggests previously unknown functional interactions of SIRT6 in fundamental cellular processes. These include chromatin remodeling, mitotic chromosome segregation, protein homeostasis, and transcriptional elongation. Extended analysis of the SIRT6 interaction with G3BP1, a master stress response factor, uncovers an unexpected role and mechanism of SIRT6 in regulating stress granule assembly and cellular stress resistance.
Induced‐transparency in silicon‐on‐insulator based novel resonator systems
Authors: Cui Danfeng , Wei Liping , Liu Chao , Liu Yaoying , Wang Yonghua , Liu Jun , Xue Chenyang
Published: October 2013

The coupled‐resonator‐induced‐transparency (CRIT) phenomenon in a novel optical resonator system is experimentally demonstrated. The system is composed of a four‐ring resonator with a 20 μm diameter on silicon, whose spectrum has a narrow transparency peak with low group velocity. The CRIT effect is observed in the optical coupled‐resonator because of classical destructive interference. In this reported work, a CRIT resonance with a quality factor of 7.2 × 104 is demonstrated with the same cavity size and the power coupling of the system is 60%, which agree well with the theoretical analysis. Then, through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator coincide well with each other. Simultaneously, the detuning resonant wavelength can be controlled by changing the temperature.