bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy of the Proisotoma complex. V. Sexually dimorphic Ephemerotoma gen. nov. (Collembola: Isotomidae)
Authors: POTAPOV MIKHAIL , KAHRARIAN MORTEZA , DEHARVENG LOUIS , SHAYANMEHR MASOUMEH
Published: December 2015

A new genus is proposed based on a new species from Iran, Ephemerotoma skarzynskii gen. et sp. nov., and three known species: E. huadongensis (Chen, 1985) comb. nov., E. multituberculata (Martynova, 1971) comb. nov. and E. porcella (Ellis, 1976) comb. nov. The genus shares the characters of Subisotoma Stach and Proctostephanus Börner and is distributed in southern areas of Eurasia (Eastern Mediterranean, Iran, Tajikistan, China). Ephemerotoma gen. nov. belongs to the Proisotoma-complex and is characterized by a simple maxillary palp, only 4 guards on labial papilla E and 2 prelabral chaetae. Four s-chaetae on Abd.V are arranged in two rows, two anterior and two posterior chaetae. All members of Ephemerotoma gen. nov. are redescribed or discussed based on type or fresh material, and a key to species of the genus is given. Scutisotoma potapovi Xie & Chen, 2008 is considered a synonym of E. huadongensis, while Proisotoma anopolitana is moved to the genus Proctostephanus. Sexual dimorphism is described for three species.
A checklist of the centipedes (Chilopoda) of Lithuania
Authors: TUF IVAN HADRIÁN , IVINSKIS POVILAS , RIMŠAITĖ Jolanta
Published: December 2015

Only 4 species of centipedes were previously reported for Lithuania. Here we present current distributional data for a total of 20 species (12 species of Lithobiomorpha and 8 species of Geophilomorpha) collected mainly during 7 years conducting ecological research at Curonian Spit, drawing on samples from the central, eastern and north-western parts of Lithuania.
Apoptosis in Early Salivary Gland Duct Morphogenesis and Lumen Formation
Authors: Teshima T.H.N. , Wells K.L. , Lourenço S.V. , Tucker A.S.
Published: December 2015

Salivary glands are essential for the maintenance of oral health by providing lubrication and antimicrobial protection to the mucosal and tooth surfaces. Saliva is modified and delivered to the oral cavity by a complex multifunctional ductal system. During development, these ducts form as solid tubes, which undergo cavitation to create lumens. Apoptosis has been suggested to play a role in this cavitation process along with changes in cell polarity. Here, we show that apoptosis occurs from the very earliest stages of mouse salivary gland development, much earlier than previously reported. Apoptotic cells were observed in the center of the first epithelial stalk at early-stage embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) according to both TUNEL staining and cleaved caspase 3 immunofluorescence. The presumptive lumen space was highlighted by the colocalization of a predictive lumen marker, cytokeratin 7. At E14.5, as lumens start to form throughout the glands, apoptotic expression decreased while cytokeratin 7 remained positive. In vitro inhibition of all caspases in E12.5 and E13.5 salivary glands resulted in wider ducts, as compared with the controls, and a defect in lumen formation. In contrast, no such defect in lumen formation was observed at E14.5. Our data indicate that apoptosis is involved during early stages of gland formation (E12.5 onward) and appears important for shaping the forming ducts.
On the Tail of the Scottish Vowel Length Rule in Glasgow
Authors: Rathcke Tamara V. , Stuart-Smith Jane H.
Published: December 2015

One of the most famous sound features of Scottish English is the short/long timing alternation of /i u ai/ vowels, which depends on the morpho-phonemic environment, and is known as the Scottish Vowel Length Rule (SVLR). These alternations make the status of vowel quantity in Scottish English (quasi-)phonemic but are also susceptible to change, particularly in situations of intense sustained dialect contact with Anglo-English. Does the SVLR change in Glasgow where dialect contact at the community level is comparably low? The present study sets out to tackle this question, and tests two hypotheses involving (1) external influences due to dialect-contact and (2) internal, prosodically induced factors of sound change. Durational analyses of /i u a/ were conducted on a corpus of spontaneous Glaswegian speech from the 1970s and 2000s; four speaker groups were compared, two of middle-aged men, and two of adolescent boys. Our hypothesis that the development of the SVLR over time may be internally constrained and interact with prosody was largely confirmed. We observed weakening effects in its implementation which were localised in phrase-medial unaccented positions in all speaker groups, and in phrase-final positions in the speakers born after the Second World War. But unlike some other varieties of Scottish or Northern English which show weakening of the Rule under a prolonged contact with Anglo-English, dialect contact seems to be having less impact on the durational patterns in Glaswegian vernacular, probably because of the overall reduced potential for a regular, everyday contact in the West of Scotland.
Preaching on Laughter: The Theology of Laughter in Augustine’s Sermons
Authors: Torretta Gabriel
Published: December 2015

Although Augustine never wrote a treatise on laughter, a clear theology of laughter emerges from a systematic engagement with his Sermones ad populum and his Enarrationes in Psalmos. Revising previous scholarship on Augustine’s theology of laughter, this article provides extensive evidence to argue that Augustine had a nuanced, sympathetic notion of laughter, understanding it as a human good subject to moral evaluation, and as a theological symbol for salvation and the triumph of Christ’s mercy over the wicked’s mockery.
Perpetrator Type Moderates the Relationship Between Severity of Intimate Partner Violence and Recidivism
Authors: Goldstein Daniel A. , Cantos Arthur L. , Brenner Lauren H. , Verborg Robert J. , Kosson David S.
Published: December 2015

The present study investigated the predictive utility of violence severity ratings on recidivism based on behavior-based subtypes (family only [FO] violent and generally violent [GV]) of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators. Participants consisted of 328 men between the ages of 17 to 72 sentenced to probation in Lake County, Illinois between 2006 and 2008. The relationship between ratings of violence severity for the arresting event, based on victims’ and perpetrators’ accounts to responding police officers, and domestic violence recidivism for a 3-year postprobation completion/termination period was examined. Utilizing victims’ accounts, the Kaplan–Meier log rank test revealed a significant main effect for violence severity. In addition, perpetrator type moderated the relationship between violence severity and postprobation recidivism, such that a positive association was found for GV men but not for FO violent men. Results corroborate the predictive utility of assessing violence severity at the arresting event, particularly within GV men of IPV.
Psychopathic Traits Moderate Relationships Between Parental Warmth and Adolescent Antisocial and Other High-Risk Behaviors
Authors: Chinchilla Melanie A. , Kosson David S.
Published: December 2015

Risk and protective factors for antisocial behavior may operate differently for youth with versus without psychopathic traits. No prior studies address positive parenting in youth with a clinical measure of psychopathic traits. This study tested whether psychopathic traits reduce responsiveness to parental warmth in terms of conduct problems, substance use, and risky sexual behavior and the alternative perspective that psychopathic traits reduce responsiveness to harsh parenting, but not responsiveness to nurturance among 214 ethnically diverse male and female adolescent detainees. Multiple regression indicated that, for adolescents with low and medium levels of affective traits—but not adolescents with high levels of these traits—higher levels of warmth were associated with marginally fewer conduct disorder symptoms and with lower levels of substance use. Similarly, the association between warmth and substance use was stronger in youth with lower levels than for youth with high levels of overall psychopathy.
Putting theory into theory
Authors: Barber Stephen , Luke Peter
Published: December 2015

Research can be a powerful tool informing public administration teaching. This article takes the distinctive approach of exploring its use through the prism of the research itself by considering 10 publications by the article’s authors. The existing literature revolves around students learning about the craft of research or research findings. By consolidating these ideas to observe the practicalities of doing research and the value of indirect findings, the article advances the approach to demonstrate how concepts within research can be of reflective worth for learners with what it terms the “thematic value” of research.
The potential of music in promoting oracy in students with English as an additional language
Authors: McCormack Brittany A. , Klopper Christopher
Published: December 2015

The ways in which we are able to communicate are, most of the time, dominated through speaking and listening. The ability to speak, listen and understand speech is the basis of oracy; a necessity within society today. The purpose of this study was to examine the interconnectedness of music and language to identify if music can assist in the promotion of oracy in everyday communicative contexts in students who have English as an additional language (EAL). Through the creation of a purpose specific music program, five primary school participants were taught six Western songs, paired with appropriate questions, over a six-week period to determine their oral capacity. Methods within this action research study included observations, informal interviews and graphic melodic contouring. The results indicate that all participants demonstrated an increase in oracy, but to varying degrees, as well as the improvement of pronunciation and vocabulary acquisition. Recommendations for future studies within this area are discussed.
The politics and dynamics of energy transitions: lessons from Colorado's (USA) “New Energy Economy”
Authors: Betsill Michele , Stevis Dimitris
Published: December 2015

This article examines the political dynamics of energy transitions in a case study of the State of Colorado's (USA) efforts to create a “New Energy Economy” through a series of legislative and administrative actions between January 2007 and January 2011. Drawing on an emerging literature on the politics of social-technical transitions, we argue that transitions involve contestation between and within coalitions of incumbents and challengers, which result in policies that benefit particular actors and a reconfiguration of the core values around which transition policies are articulated. We explore these dynamics through an analysis of the process that led to the adoption of Colorado's 30% Renewable Energy Standard in 2010, which is often held up as one of the crowning achievements of the New Energy Economy initiative, in order to illustrate how these political debates shape the nature and trajectory of the transition process.
The hunt for “indigenous criteria” in assessing communication in the physiotherapy workplace
Authors: Elder Catherine , McNamara Tim
Published: December 2015

Gaining insights from domain experts into how they view communication in real world settings is recognized as an important authenticity consideration in the development of criteria to assess language proficiency for specific academic or occupational purposes. These “indigenous” criteria represent an articulation of the test construct and should therefore reflect what is germane to the particular domain of language use rather than general language-focused criteria familiar from other language tests. The methodological question of how to elicit such insights is, however, complex and has been addressed by various researchers using different methodological and theoretical frameworks.

The paper draws on data from a larger research project to explore the affordances and constraints of more or less direct approaches to eliciting domain experts’ perspectives on what matters for effective communication in the workplace. The domain experts in this case were physiotherapy educators and supervisors. The study offers a qualitative comparison of expert feedback gathered from three different sites. Two were in the workplace where the communication skills of physiotherapy students in training were assessed routinely and the feedback given to them was naturally occurring rather than elicited. The third was a more artificial workshop setting in which video-recorded interactions between student and patients or simulated patients (i.e., actors role-playing a patient) were shown to two groups of expert informants who were then asked by the researcher to comment on the strengths and weaknesses of each performance.

A qualitative analysis revealed that the nature of expert feedback differed significantly at each site, with the routinely occurring feedback containing scant and vague reference to language and communication aspects. The workshop setting, although it was less authentic, yielded much richer insights into the physiotherapists’ views about workplace communication. The implications of our findings for the development of relevant language test criteria are considered.
Native plant species richness on Eastern Polynesia’s remote atolls
Authors: Larrue Sébastien , Butaud Jean-François , Dumas Pascal , Ballet Stéphane
Published: December 2015

Which abiotic factors influence the number of native plant species on remote atolls is an important question to understand better the spatial pattern of the species observed on these low and vulnerable coral islands. However, this issue is still very poorly documented, often due to human degradation, partial botanical surveys or the difficult geographic access of remote atolls for researchers. The remote atolls of Eastern Polynesia, which are among the most isolated in the world, are of great interest for studies of native species’ distribution due to their isolation, low human density and urbanisation. In this study, we selected 49 remote atolls of Eastern Polynesia with complete botanical surveys to test the relative influence of eight abiotic factors on native plant species richness (i.e. indigenous and endemic species). Abiotic factors used as potential predictors included atoll area (km2), shoreline length (km), atoll elevation (m) and index of isolation (UNEP), but also the coastal index of the atoll ( Ic), the distance to the nearest similar atoll (km), the distance to the nearest large volcanic island ≥ 1000 km2 (here, Tahiti as a potential stepping-stone island) and the distance to the nearest raised atoll ≥ 15 m a.s.l. (here, Makatea or Henderson as a potential refugium during sea-level highstands). Spearman’s rank correlation, linear regression analysis and frequency diagrams were used to assess the relative influence of these factors on native species richness. No relationship was found between the species richness and the index of isolation or the distance to the nearest similar atoll. Atoll area and distance to the nearest raised atoll of Makatea explained 47.1% and 40%, respectively, of the native species richness variation observed on the remote atolls. The distance to the volcanic island of Tahiti and the coastal index explained 36.9% and 27.3% of the variation, while elevation and shoreline length explained 23.3% and 18.4% of the variation, respectively. Native species richness on the atolls surveyed increased with the increasing atoll area, elevation and shoreline length, but decreased with the increasing distance to the nearest raised atoll of Makatea and the large volcanic island of Tahiti. This supports the view that the spatial pattern of native species richness observed on the remote atolls was strongly influenced by (i) atoll area but also by (ii) the distance to the raised atoll of Makatea, and (iii) the distance to the volcanic island of Tahiti. This finding suggests that the raised atoll may be viewed as a refugium during sea-level highstands while the large volcanic island played the role of stepping-stone island, both islands influencing the dispersal of native species on remote atolls and attenuating the isolation effect in the study area.
Experimental assessment of residual stresses induced by the thermal autofrettage of thick-walled cylinders
Authors: Kamal Seikh Mustafa , Borsaikia Arun Chandra , Dixit Uday Shanker
Published: December 2015

In this work, an experimental study of the residual stresses present in the thermally autofrettaged thick-walled cylinders is carried out. The idea of thermal autofrettage has been conceived recently, and due to its simplicity, it has the potential to be competitive with the existing hydraulic and swage autofrettage processes. In thermal autofrettage, the beneficial compressive residual stresses at the inner wall are produced by means of thermal gradient across the wall thickness. In this work, the residual stresses setup in the cylinders are determined experimentally using Sachs boring method. The experimental results are compared with the analytically determined residual stresses and found to be in good agreement. In addition to the Sachs boring method, two other methods, namely, microhardness test and the measurement of opening angle as a result of cutting through the wall of the cylinders, are also carried out in order to infer the generation of residual stresses in the autofrettaged cylinders. All three experimental methods advocate the feasibility of thermal autofrettage for producing beneficial compressive residual stresses at the inner wall.
On the mechanical characterizations of unidirectional basalt fiber/epoxy laminated composites with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes–enhanced matrix
Authors: Khosravi Hamed , Eslami-Farsani Reza
Published: December 2015

This study represents the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes at various contents with respect to the matrix (0–0.5 wt% at a step of 0.1 wt%) on the mechanical responses of unidirectional basalt fiber/epoxy composites. Toward this end, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were firstly functionalized with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane to improve their dispersion state and interfacial compatibility with the epoxy. Subsequently, unidirectional basalt fiber/epoxy and multiscale 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane–multi-walled carbon nanotubes/unidirectional basalt fiber/epoxy composites were prepared. The mechanical properties of the composites were determined by tensile, flexural, and quasi-static compression tests. The compressive strength of the composites was obtained through performing the compression test on the off-axis specimens and extracting their longitudinal compressive strength. Results demonstrated that the highest values in tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength were attained at 0.4 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotubes with 12%, 38%, 41% increase, respectively, compared to the basalt fiber/epoxy composite. Potential mechanisms behind these were implied. Furthermore, compressive modulus and strength of the specimens were obtained theoretically using an Euler-Bernoulli beam-based approach. Knowing the flexural strength as well as the tensile and flexural moduli from the experimental testing, compressive modulus and strength were obtained and the results were compared to those obtained experimentally. The theoretical and experimental results confirmed that there was a good agreement between them.
The wave finite element method for uncertain systems with model uncertainty
Authors: Ben Souf MA , Bareille O , Ichchou M , Haddar M
Published: December 2015

The random dynamic response of periodic structures with model uncertainties is here studied. For that purpose, a nonparametric model of random uncertainties is used. The present approach is based on the maximum entropy principle optimization and is developed to identify the response of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems. This non-parametric probabilistic approach is implemented in combination with the Wave Finite Element. Numerical test cases are used as examples and for validation purpose.
India in a Future World: Reflections of an Indian Diplomat
Authors: Gonsalves Eric
Published: December 2015

A forecast of the global scenario a decade hence is attempted, and the policies India should follow to gain the most advantage are suggested. The nation state system will continue, but there will be major and continuing change in the capacity and power projection of more important states and hence in their relationship. Power in all aspects will shift from the Atlantic powers to Asia and the Indian Pacific Ocean Region resulting in a multipolar system. To manage this better Asia needs to establish a regional cooperation structure. China has emerged as the single most powerful country in Asia, and the current leadership is seeking to put its own model in place. India can and should ensure a leading role for itself by becoming the most effective power in the South Asian and Indian Ocean region. For this it will have to forge a working partnership with China which will not exclude an element of competition. The boundary problem needs to be resolved. The relations with Pakistan must be managed. Relations with all other neighbours must be improved as speedily as possible. The USA will still remain the single most powerful country and close bilateral relations are crucial even while independence is not surrendered. The growing conflicts in the Middle East and the flux in supply and prices of energy need to be addressed. Enhancing domestic capacity will power India’s external projections. The demographic dividend can only be harvested by a determined pursuit of skills innovation and technology to attain excellence in economic production and social goals. This is only possible in a democracy if it moves towards greater inclusion and provides opportunity to all. Success will ensure India becomes a major global power by 2025.
Book Review: Antara Datta, Refugees and Borders in South Asia: The Great Exodus of 1971
Authors: Ranjan Amit
Published: December 2015

Antara Datta, Refugees and Borders in South Asia: The Great Exodus of 1971 (2013) (London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis). Pp. 229. ISBN 978-0-415-52472-8.
The collapse of neoliberal capitalism: Causes and cures: A review article
Authors: Kriesler Peter , Nevile JW
Published: December 2015

These books, different in style and content but united in purpose and major conclusions, analyse events from 2007 to 2010 to ascertain why the economic disaster happened and what must be done to put the United States economy (on which both books focus) on a more secure footing, and prevent any recurrence of the extended crisis of those years. Both target the increasing influence of market liberalism over the last 30 years, and the institutions of capitalist economies which they have encouraged. Taylor focuses more on the regulation of the international financial sector, and Palley on labour market policy. They agree that both need to be addressed if the United States economy is to be restored to health. Both argue that growing income inequality in the US must be reversed before the US economy can significantly improve. Finally, they stress the interrelationship between political ideology and economic explanation, and argue that value free positive economics is a myth.
Researcher Linguistic Vulnerability
Authors: Muller Ashley Elizabeth , Gubrium Erika
Published: December 2015

We reflect on the experiences of a researcher conducting a pilot exercise project with marginalized research participants within the substance use disorder treatment field, in a language that was nonnative to her. While the project collected and analyzed quantitative data, the researcher was motivated by qualitative inquiry’s commitment to reducing participant–researcher distance and power differences. Despite multiple sources of power imbalances favoring the researcher, the ability of participants to speak their native language to a nonnative researcher, and the researcher’s active recognition of her linguistic vulnerability, appeared to afford them an unexpected source of power within the context of the project. We discuss the researcher’s observations of these power dynamics and their implications for cross-cultural research and when working with marginalized research participants.
Deterring Future Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Broidy Lisa , Albright Danielle , Denman Kristine
Published: December 2015

Few studies examine the comparative effectiveness of different formal interventions for domestic violence. Using arrest and civil protection order data, we compare three intervention scenarios (arrest, civil protection order, and both). Results suggest that intervention type has no substantive influence on the odds of reoffending. However, subsequent domestic violence is significantly associated with offender age, sex, and prior offense history as well as victim age and sex. We discuss our findings and their policy implications, noting that responding agencies should be sensitive to the characteristics that increase the odds of reoffending among those they come into contact with.
Mycobacterium peregrinum Skin Infection
Authors: Wachholz Patrick Alexander , Sette Christiane Salgado , Caitano do Nascimento Dejair , Soares Cleverson Teixeira , Diório Suzana Madeira , Masuda Paula Yoshiko
Published: December 2015

Background:

Mycobacterium peregrinum is a rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) that rarely causes skin infections. The correct identification of the specific RGM infecting the skin will enhance therapeutic success.

Objective:

To highlight the importance of rapid and precise identification of the Mycobacterium involved in skin infections in order to enhance therapeutic success.

Methods:

We describe an RGM skin infection in an immunocompetent patient.

Results:

Classic methods (biochemical tests and culture) of RGM identification are time-consuming, and the histopathological features are not specific. Some molecular methods are reliable but expensive. The PRAhsp-65 is a simple procedure that is helpful in identifying the specific agent of an RGM.

Conclusion:

Although skin infections caused by M peregrinum are rare, they represent a substantial clinical challenge. Specific and more effective treatment options depend on the development of precise and rapid methods for identifying mycobacterial species.
An analysis of destination image for emerging markets of Turkey
Authors: Atadil Hilmi A , Sirakaya-Turk Ercan , Altintas Volkan
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to assess the perceived importance of the attributes that form the destination image (DI) based on general vacation experiences and opinions of travelers and (2) to compare the expected performance of Turkey’s attributes in attracting travelers from the emerging markets (i.e. China as well as Arab countries) using importance–performance analysis (IPA). The data were gathered from a sample of 426 prospective Chinese and Arab travelers during two prominent travel expositions in Dubai and Shanghai using face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaires. Comparative factor analysis and two generated IPA grids for each sample provided important insights into the perceived DI of emerging markets. More specifically, study findings provide valuable practical management information to destination management organizations in Turkey that want to design tailored marketing strategies for emerging markets. Further practical and theoretical implications are discussed in detail.
Physician-Assisted Suicide and Other Forms of Euthanasia in Islamic Spiritual Care
Authors: Isgandarova Nazila
Published: December 2015

The muteness in the Qur’an about suicide due to intolerable pain and a firm opposition to suicide in the hadith literature formed a strong opinion among Muslims that neither repentance nor the suffering of the person can remove the sin of suicide or mercy ‘killing’ ( al-qatl al-rahim), even if these acts are committed with the purpose of relieving suffering and pain. Some interpretations of the Islamic sources even give advantage to murderers as opposed to people who commit suicide because the murderers, at least, may have opportunity to repent for their sin. However, people who commit suicide are ‘labeled’ for losing faith in the afterlife without a chance to repent for their act. This paper claims that Islamic spiritual care can help people make decisions that may impact patients, family members, health care givers and the whole community by responding to questions such as ‘What is the Islamic view on death?’, ‘What is the Islamic response to physician-assisted suicide and other forms of euthanasia?’, ‘What are the religious and moral underpinnings of these responses in Islam?’
Scar Tissue
Authors: McLean Haydn J.
Published: December 2015

Scar tissue is associated with physical wounds and their mending, but it is also descriptive in portraying the emotional scarring that occurs following adversity, resulting in potential psychological morbidity. Provided the adversity is not severe, such challenges to adaptability may provoke Andrew Solomon’s process of forging meaning and building identity. Perceiving an emotional constitution as analogous to the immune system provides a metaphor for appreciating the benefits of emotional challenges, which may provoke greater emotional resilience or posttraumatic growth.
Turkish newspapers’ role in winning votes and exasperating Turkish–Kurdish relations: The Ağrı shootings
Authors: Way Lyndon CS , Kaya Ece Nur
Published: December 2015

Relations between Turkish authorities and their Kurdish minority have been a source of conflict for decades. On 11 April 2015, in the run-up to Turkey’s parliamentary elections, a gunfight broke out in the south-eastern province of Ağrı, resulting in six Kurdish people being killed and four Turkish military personnel wounded. Although skirmishes like this are not unusual, this caught the public imagination as it became clear that Kurdish civilians had helped wounded Turkish soldiers after the shoot-out. The government denied such help and was keen to place the blame for the fight on the Kurdish opposition in its attempt to dissuade the public from voting for Kurdish-oriented parties, thereby increasing their chances of securing a parliamentary majority. The Kurds were keen to do the same to the government for the sake of votes, while the mainstream opposition saw this as an opportunity to represent the government and Kurds as poor voting options. The Turkish media, polarised and closely aligned to political interests, recontextualised events in ways which showed their political ties. This article uses critical discourse analysis to show how this was done in three national newspapers. Furthermore, the article argues that representations as such do nothing to aid in solving the decades-old problem of how Turks and Kurds can coexist peacefully.
Pregnancy and ketoacidosis: Is pancreatitis a missing link?
Authors: Frise Charlotte J , Ashcroft Anna , Jones Bryony A , Mackillop Lucy
Published: December 2015

Non-diabetic ketoacidosis is increasingly recognised in pregnancy, particularly during the third trimester, and is usually associated with vomiting. In many cases, the cause of the vomiting is not identified and resolves rapidly, alongside the metabolic abnormalities, following delivery. Here, we report three cases in which pancreatitis was identified as an underlying cause of the gastrointestinal symptoms. To our knowledge, these are the first reports of pancreatitis precipitating non-diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy. This case series highlights the importance of searching for a precipitant for non-diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy, rather than focusing solely on management of the resulting metabolic abnormalities.
A space to learn for all children? Inclusive education and children with disabilities in Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Waite Myrtha
Published: December 2015

Myanmar is a signatory to the ‘Education for All’ Declarations as well as UN Conventions on the Rights of the Child and the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This research aims to contribute towards bridging the gap in evidence about access of children with disabilities to education in Yangon, Myanmar. The research used a qualitative methodology including interviews and focus groups with 222 participants in 11 schools in Yangon as well as interviews with 19 parents and children who were out of school. Overall, the research found adult perceptions of children with disabilities based on notions of vulnerability and dependence. However, there was some evidence of more positive perceptions, as well as instances of children with disabilities resisting discrimination and actively participating in education. At the same time, the research found that while there was evidence of inclusive learning environments in some individual schools, there was limited evidence of children’s rights to inclusive education being met in most of the regular schools that participated in the research. Although children with disabilities’ rights to education are protected through international instruments such as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Education for All agenda, there remain significant gaps in the ways in which these commitments have been translated in the everyday practice in the schools in Yangon, Myanmar.
青海省麻巴村家庭教育现象及社会关系影响研究 Trends in education and their impacts on relationships in a Maba village family in Qinghai Province, PR China
Authors: Zhoumaoji  , 周毛吉
Published: December 2015

This article illustrates a Tibetan family’s education in Guide (贵德) County, Hainan (海南) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai (青海) Province in China. It first provides a brief introduction of Tibetan education, and the role of the Tibetan family in the education process, and then presents a narrative of the lived experiences of a Tibetan family named “Jiaori (角日).” The article details the Jiaori family members’ educational backgrounds and experiences. Following this, there is an analysis of the educational and relationship changes that occurred over time within the family, and a discussion of the changes in their educational experiences and in their attitudes toward education at the village level. Finally, educational trends in Tibetan areas of China are described based on the Jiaori family’s experiences.
Big Data and reality
Authors: Shaw Ryan
Published: December 2015

DNA sequencers, Twitter, MRIs, Facebook, particle accelerators, Google Books, radio telescopes, Tumblr: what do these things have in common? According to the evangelists of “data science,” all of these are instruments for observing reality at unprecedentedly large scales and fine granularities. This perspective ignores the social reality of these very different technological systems, ignoring how they are made, how they work, and what they mean in favor of an exclusive focus on what they generate: Big Data. But no data, big or small, can be interpreted without an understanding of the process that generated them. Statistical data science is applicable to systems that have been designed as scientific instruments, but is likely to lead to confusion when applied to systems that have not. In those cases, a historical inquiry is preferable.
Big Data and historical social science
Authors: Bearman Peter
Published: December 2015

“Big Data” can revolutionize historical social science if it arises from substantively important contexts and is oriented towards answering substantively important questions. Such data may be especially important for answering previously largely intractable questions about the timing and sequencing of events, and of event boundaries. That said, “Big Data” makes no difference for social scientists and historians whose accounts rest on narrative sentences. Since such accounts are the norm, the effects of Big Data on the practice of historical social science may be more limited than one might wish.
Toward a computational hermeneutics
Authors: Mohr John W , Wagner-Pacifici Robin , Breiger Ronald L
Published: December 2015

We describe some of the ways that the field of content analysis is being transformed in an Era of Big Data. We argue that content analysis, from its beginning, has been concerned with extracting the main meanings of a text and mapping those meanings onto the space of a textual corpus. In contrast, we suggest that the emergence of new styles of text mining tools is creating an opportunity to develop a different kind of content analysis that we describe as a computational hermeneutics. Here the goal is to go beyond a mapping of the main meaning of a text to mimic the kinds of questions and concerns that have traditionally been the focus of a hermeneutically grounded close reading, a reading that focuses on what Kenneth Burke described as the poetic meanings of a text. We illustrate this approach by referring to our own work concerning the rhetorical character of US National Security Strategy documents.
Educating the smart city: Schooling smart citizens through computational urbanism
Authors: Williamson Ben
Published: December 2015

Coupled with the ‘smart city’, the idea of the ‘smart school’ is emerging in imaginings of the future of education. Various commercial, governmental and civil society organizations now envisage education as a highly coded, software-mediated and data-driven social institution. Such spaces are to be governed through computational processes written in computer code and tracked through big data. In an original analysis of developments from commercial, governmental and civil society sectors, the article examines two interrelated dimensions of an emerging smart schools imaginary: (1) the constant flows of digital data that smart schools depend on and the mobilization of analytics that enable student data to be used to anticipate and shape their behaviours; and (2) the ways that young people are educated to become ‘computational operatives’ who must ‘learn to code’ in order to become ‘smart citizens’ in the governance of the smart city. These developments constitute an emerging educational space fabricated from intersecting standards, technologies, discourses and social actors, all infused with the aspirations of technical experts to govern the city at a distance through both monitoring young people as ‘data objects’ and schooling them as active ‘computational citizens’ with the responsibility to compute the future of the city.
Glenoidectomy for treatment of a comminuted scapular fracture in a cat
Authors: Preston Timothy J , Hosgood Giselle
Published: December 2015

Case summary

This case report describes the surgical technique used and clinical outcome of a 15-year-old neutered female cat that had a comminuted fracture of the right glenoid and scapular neck secondary to a gunshot injury that was treated with glenoidectomy.

Relevance and novel information

Good clinical outcomes are possible with removal of the glenoid for treatment of comminuted fractures of the scapulohumeral joint. Glenoidectomy is a viable alternative to amputation in cats with normal neurovascular supply to the affected limb. Persistent functional, pain-free lameness, muscle hypertrophy and changes in shoulder range of motion are to be expected.
“You Don’t Have to Like Me, But You Have to Respect Me”
Authors: Lambertz-Berndt Megan M. , Blight Michael G.
Published: December 2015

This study investigates cooperativeness, assertiveness, group satisfaction, leader grade, and leadership negotiation in a collaborative assignment conducted in a small group. Researchers manipulated the assignment of team members who reported on measures of group satisfaction and original scales of assertiveness and cooperativeness. Respondents also responded to open-ended questions regarding active leadership, leadership traits, and leadership negotiation, which resulted in the emergence of multiple themes. Assertiveness, cooperativeness, and group satisfaction were found to predict the grade given to the leader.
Business Meeting Training on Its Head
Authors: Van Praet Ellen
Published: December 2015

This article explores the value of using embedding to extend the notion of first exposure learning in flipped classroom practices. It describes a preclass assignment for a meeting and negotiation skills course, in which students are instructed to observe an authentic business meeting, interview participants of the meeting, photograph the boardroom, draw a sketch of the seating arrangement, and write a reflective account. Its main argument is that immersion in corporate culture before class makes business communication training not only more authentic but also produces richer in-class discussions, ultimately leading to a level of metacognition associated with deep learning.
Effect of lenalidomide treatment on clonal architecture of myelodysplastic syndromes without 5q deletion
Authors: Chesnais Virginie , Renneville Aline , Toma Andrea , Lambert Jérôme , Passet Marie , Dumont Florent , Chevret Sylvie , Lejeune Julie , Raimbault Anna , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Rose Christian , Beyne-Rauzy Odile , Delaunay Jacques , Solary Eric , Fenaux Pierre , Dreyfus François , Preudhomme Claude , Kosmider Olivier , Fontenay Michaela
Published: December 2015

Key Points

Lenalidomide treatment has variable transient effects on the clonal architecture of myelodysplastic syndromes without 5q deletion. Lenalidomide is unlikely to eradicate myelodysplastic clones characterized by combinations of SF3B1, TET2, DNMT3A, and ASXL1 mutations.
Panobinostat plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in previously treated multiple myeloma: outcomes by prior treatment
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Hungria Vânia T. M. , Yoon Sung-Soo , Beksac Meral , Dimopoulos Meletios Athanasios , Elghandour Ashraf , Jedrzejczak Wieslaw W. , Guenther Andreas , Nakorn Thanyaphong Na , Siritanaratkul Noppadol , Schlossman Robert L. , Hou Jian , Moreau Philippe , Lonial Sagar , Lee Jae Hoon , Einsele Hermann , Sopala Monika , Bengoudifa Bourras-Rezki , Corrado Claudia , Binlich Florence , San-Miguel Jesús F.
Published: December 2015

Key Points

Benefit from panobinostat-dexamethasone-bortezomib was greatest in patients who received ≥2 prior regimens including bortezomib and IMiDs.
Natural heterogeneity of α2-antiplasmin: functional and clinical consequences
Authors: Abdul Shiraazkhan , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Rijken Dingeman C. , Uitte de Willige Shirley
Published: December 2015

Human α2-antiplasmin (α2AP, also called α2-plasmin inhibitor) is the main physiological inhibitor of the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin. α2AP inhibits plasmin on the fibrin clot or in the circulation by forming plasmin-antiplasmin complexes. Severely reduced α2AP levels in hereditary α2AP deficiency may lead to bleeding symptoms, whereas increased α2AP levels have been associated with increased thrombotic risk. α2AP is a very heterogeneous protein. In the circulation, α2AP undergoes both amino terminal (N-terminal) and carboxyl terminal (C-terminal) proteolytic modifications that significantly modify its activities. About 70% of α2AP is cleaved at the N terminus by antiplasmin-cleaving enzyme (or soluble fibroblast activation protein), resulting in a 12-amino-acid residue shorter form. The glutamine residue that serves as a substrate for activated factor XIII becomes more efficient after removal of the N terminus, leading to faster crosslinking of α2AP to fibrin and consequently prolonged clot lysis. In approximately 35% of circulating α2AP, the C terminus is absent. This C terminus contains the binding site for plasmin(ogen), the key component necessary for the rapid and efficient inhibitory mechanism of α2AP. Without its C terminus, α2AP can no longer bind to the lysine binding sites of plasmin(ogen) and is only a kinetically slow plasmin inhibitor. Thus, proteolytic modifications of the N and C termini of α2AP constitute major regulatory mechanisms for the inhibitory function of the protein and may therefore have clinical consequences. This review presents recent findings regarding the main aspects of the natural heterogeneity of α2AP with particular focus on the functional and possible clinical implications.
Rapid expansion of preexisting nonleukemic hematopoietic clones frequently follows induction therapy for de novo AML
Authors: Wong Terrence N. , Miller Christopher A. , Klco Jeffery M. , Petti Allegra , Demeter Ryan , Helton Nichole M. , Li Tiandao , Fulton Robert S. , Heath Sharon E. , Mardis Elaine R. , Westervelt Peter , DiPersio John F. , Walter Matthew J. , Welch John S. , Graubert Timothy A. , Wilson Richard K. , Ley Timothy J. , Link Daniel C.
Published: December 2015

Key Points

Hematopoietic populations unrelated to the AML founding clone often expand after induction therapy, resulting in oligoclonal hematopoiesis.
Within-species divergence in the seminal fluid proteome and its effect on male and female reproduction in a beetle
Authors: Goenaga Julieta , Yamane Takashi , Rönn Johanna , Arnqvist Göran
Published: December 2015

Background

Male seminal fluid proteins (SFPs), transferred to females during mating, are important reproductive proteins that have multifarious effects on female reproductive physiology and that often show remarkably rapid and divergent evolution. Inferences regarding natural selection on SFPs are based primarily on interspecific comparative studies, and our understanding of natural within-species variation in SFPs and whether this relates to reproductive phenotypes is very limited. Here, we introduce an empirical strategy to study intraspecific variation in and selection upon the seminal fluid proteome. We then apply this in a study of 15 distinct populations of the seed beetleCallosobruchus maculatus.

Results

Phenotypic assays of these populations showed significant differences in reproductive phenotypes (male success in sperm competition and male ability to stimulate female fecundity). A quantitative proteomic study of replicated samples of male accessory glands revealed a large number of potential SFPs, of which ≥127 were found to be transferred to females at mating. Moreover, population divergence in relative SFP abundance across populations was large and remarkably multidimensional. Most importantly, variation in male SFP abundance across populations was associated with male sperm competition success and male ability to stimulate female egg production.

Conclusions

Our study provides the first direct evidence for postmating sexual selection on standing intraspecific variation in SFP abundance and the pattern of divergence across populations in the seminal fluid proteome match the pattern predicted by the postmating sexual selection paradigm for SFP evolution. Our findings provide novel support for the hypothesis that sexual selection on SFPs is an important engine of incipient speciation.