bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gall bladder agenesis: a surgeon’s dilemma
Authors: Joseph Jebin , Kumar Arun
Published: September 2019

Congenital agenesis of gall bladder is a rare anomaly which poses a diagnostic dilemma to the surgical fraternity. Ultrasonography, which is the standard investigation of choice in gall bladder diseases often gives a mistaken diagnosis of cholelithiasis in the background of a shrunken gall bladder with hyperechoic shadows suggestive of gall stones. Intra-operatively this poses a surprise to the operating surgeon who fails to locate gall bladder in its normal anatomic position as well as any of the ectopic sites. The controversy in further course of management whether to abandon the procedure and follow-up with a post-operative imaging such as MRCP or to convert the laparoscopic procedure into an open surgery has been a debate for the surgeons. Most of the literature favours the first approach, thereby reducing the morbidity associated with the surgery. In this case report we present a 42-year-old male who presented with symptoms of gall bladder disease to a peripheral surgical centre and how we approached the intra-operative dilemma once gall bladder was not visualized.
Sexual behaviour and perception of HIV/AIDS among students in Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Oliobi Wendy Chinwe , Ikeotuonye Arinze Chidiebere , Nwafor Johnbosco Ifunanya , Onyema Malachy Chizoba , Uche-Nwidagu Bridget Nkiruka , Okoye Paschal Chijioke , Nweke Assumpta Nnenna
Published: September 2019

Background: The sexual behaviour and practice increases the chances of contracting sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. Knowledge and perception of HIV/AIDS may be a determinant to sexual behaviour of the young adults. There this study aims to evaluate the sexual behaviour and perception of HIV/AIDS among university undergraduates of the Ebonyi State University Abakaliki.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted between 5th March 2016 and 30th March 2016 among 406 undergraduates. An anonymous, self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data from the participants. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info 7.2.1.Results: The modal age group for sex debut was 20-24 years while the mean age at coitache among the study group was 20.2±4.6 years. More than a half of the respondents 173 (56.7%) had only one sex partner while the remaining had two or more sexual partners. Condom use in the last sexual intercourse was low as just more than a third of the respondents used condoms in their last sexual intercourse. Almost all the student had heard of HIV/AIDS 403 (99.3%). The mass media was the commonest source of obtaining information with regards HIV/AIDS among the study population. Males are more likely to have had sex compared to the female sex. Student who take alcohol regularly and those that take tobacco in any form were also more likely to have had sex compared to those who do not take alcohol or tobacco, (p value <0.0001).Conclusions: Sex is a common practice among the study population. Majority engage in risky sexual practices. There is an urgent need to improve the campaign on safer sex using the mass media as a veritable medium.
Recognition and interpretation of road signs by commercial drivers in Enugu Nigeria
Authors: Okenwa Wilfred O. , Ndu Ikenna K. , Ekwochi Uchenna , Nduagubam Obinna C. , Amadi Ogechukwu F. , Asinobi Isaac N. , Ossai Edmund N.
Published: September 2019

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest road injury death rate of all regions in the world with Nigeria being one of the four countries accounting for half of all these deaths. Road, traffic signs or codes are salient ways of communication to road users geared towards reducing road traffic accident and studies that traffic violation are considered to be amongst the causes of road traffic accidents. Recognition, interpretation and observance of road signs could be of great importance in reducing the incidence of road accidents. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge of road signs by commercial drivers in Enugu South-East Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in Enugu metropolis over a period of 3 months using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Commercial drivers in Enugu participated in the study. Common road signs in their usual colors were showed to the drivers to test their ability to correctly identify the signs.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 42.4±9.6 years. Majority of the respondents, 59.4% are on intra-city transport route. Over 65% of the driver’s attained secondary education and beyond. Nearly a half (49.4%) of the drivers had poor knowledge of road signs. Drivers who have attained primary education and less (AOR=0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3); who are on intra-city transport route (AOR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.05-0.1) or had less than 11 years driving experience (AOR=0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.5) were less likely to have good knowledge of road signs.Conclusions: Significant gaps still exist in knowledge of road signs among commercial drivers in Enugu, Nigeria.
Perinatal outcome in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in a rural community of Haryana
Authors: . Bharti , Chawla Sumit
Published: September 2019

Background: Pregnancy in hypertension may complicate pregnancies with variable incidence among different settings. Pregnancies complicated with hypertensive disorders are associated with increased risk of adverse fetal, neonatal and maternal outcome including preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), perinatal death etc. The present study was undertaken to study the perinatal outcome of hypertension in pregnancy in a rural block of Haryana.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the all the 20 subcenters under Community Health Center (CHC) Chiri, Block Lakhanmajra. All the pregnant women registered at the particular subcenter at a point of time of visit were included in the study. Pregnancy outcome was followed-up by contacting the health worker of respective sub-center or mother. Information regarding stillbirth, abortion, maturity, birth weight, mode of delivery and early neonatal death was collected. Appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis.Results: A total of 931 pregnant women were included in the present study. Prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy was found to be 6.9%. Hypertension in pregnancy is significantly associated with premature births still births (6.7% vs 1.4%; p=0.003), low birth weight (26.7% vs 4.9%; p=0.000) and early neonatal deaths (8.3% vs 2.8%; p=0.017).Conclusions: Perinatal mortality is significantly high in mothers with hypertensive disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment through regular antenatal checkup is a key factor to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its complications.
Mobile phone usage pattern and its health effects among medical students in north Karnataka: an observational study
Authors: Sinha Sweta , Patil Manjula S.
Published: September 2019

Background: The mobile phone is viewed as an important communication tool and is an integral part of the human society in the present era. Medical students use smart phones for note taking, imaging, web browsing, text books, question banks etc. Excessive mobile phone use has been found to be associated with health problems such as impaired concentration, headache, fatigue, thermal sensations in and around ear, stress, sleep disturbances and frustration. Objective was to explore the mobile phone usage pattern and its health effects among medical students.Methods: An observational study was conducted among medical students of Belagavi. The calculated sample size was 277 after taking the prevalence of mobile phone usage pattern of 76.4%. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic characteristics, pattern of mobile phone usage like mode of use, time of maximum use etc. and the health effect variables like headache, restlessness, neck pain, painful fingers etc. Statistical analysis was done using MS-Excel 2007 and SPSS v 22, proportion and chi-square test was applied and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: 98.19% were using smart phone and 85.56% were having single phone. Maximum were using for 2-4 years (42.60%). Internet was used for academic purpose in 89.89%. Majority of them experienced eyes symptoms (55.23%) followed by sleep deprivation (46.21%) and headache (42.60%).Conclusions: Even though mobile phone has positive role in our daily lives, its overuse leads to negative impact on health, sleep, and academic performance of students.
Loneliness, sociability and depression in old age home elderly
Authors: Panwar Pooja , Kumar Rajesh , Belsiyal Xavier
Published: September 2019

Background: Increasing elderly population became a big concern to health professionals. Loneliness, lack of socialization and depression is quite frequently reported in elderly population. Lack of evidence on impact of socialization and loneliness on depression necessitate this survey. The current work focused on level of socialization, loneliness and depression among elderly residing in old age homes.Methods: The cross-sectional survey includes 100 purposively selected elderly from selected old age homes, Uttarakhand. Elderly were interviewed by using University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness scale, Geriatric depression scale (GDS) and Eysenck personality inventory (EPI) sociability subscale of extroversion. Appropriate statistics was applied to generate results.Results: Findings revealed a significant relationship of loneliness with depression (r=-0.740, p<0.01) and sociability (r=0.195, p<0.01). Similarly, sociability and depression were found dependent on each other (r=-0.354, p<0.01) in elderly.Conclusions: Elderly residing in old age homes need due attention and care to get rid of these silent psychological problems. Timely medical care and measures to improve socialization may help to anticipate mortality and morbidity and protect the vulnerable population.
A study to assess the association of various factors of adherence to treatment on the tuberculosis treatment outcome among new sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in Bengaluru area
Authors: S. Ramya M. , Jadhav Jyothi , S. Ranganath T.
Published: September 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a top infectious disease killer worldwide. In India although Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) has seen significant success in TB treatment, patient non-adherence or lost to follow up continue to persist and are influenced by various factors. The present study aims to know the influence of adherence factors on TB treatment outcome among new sputum smear positive (NSSP) pulmonary TB patients under RNTCP. The objectives of the present study were to describe the distribution of socio-demographic factors, outcome patterns among NSSP patients and to assess the association of various adherence factors on TB-treatment outcome among NSSP patients.Methods: A prospective longitudinal study among 149 NSSP patients from selected TU’s of Bengaluru.Results: Among the 149 NSSP patients 107 (72%) were males and 42 (28%) were females. Treatment outcome is categorized as cured (120) and other treatment outcomes (defaulted-17 or treatment failure-3 or died-9). Among the various socio-demographic and adherence-factors: age >50years, illiteracy, male-gender, Hindu-religion, lower socioeconomic-status, poor-patient knowledge about TB, disbelief in TB-treatment, unwillingness to continue treatment with subsiding symptoms, smoking, alcohol intake, presence of diabetes or hypertension or COPD or HIV, patient’s un-satisfaction with treatment-availability or accessibility or contact-timings, no-encouragement from family members, other marital status and absence of stigma showed lower cure rates. Of these factors illiteracy, lower socioeconomic-status, poor patient’s knowledge on tuberculosis, smoking, alcohol intake, HIV positive status, un-satisfaction with TB-treatment availability and other marital-status showed statistical significance on the TB treatment outcome.Conclusions: With the observed associations of the above factors on TB-treatment outcome, Further measures like improving patient’s knowledge on tuberculosis, health-services and patient-provider relationship; appropriate TB-HIV care and encouragement to quit smoking or alcohol intake, could improve TB-treatment cure rates.
Level of stress perception and predictors of higher stress perception among informal primary caregivers of Eastern Indian people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Biswas Bisanka , Saha Rajib , Haldar Dibakar , Saha Indrajit
Published: September 2019

Background: HIV illness and its related problems were significantly and positively correlated with both caregiver’s burden and caregiver’s adjustment. As there were limited studies on HIV caregiver’s stress, present study was conducted to estimate the magnitude and level of perceived stress among the predominant informal care giver of the PLHIV and to find out its correlates.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study conducted on informal primary caregiver of PLHIV who was receiving ART since more than 2 months and attending the FIART centre of Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, Bankura between July 2018 to December 2018. PLHIV who were severely ill and informal caregivers having a psychological illness, disability, a severe form of chronic diseases except for HIV, were excluded. Data were collected using predesigned, pretested, semi-structured interviewer administered anonymous questionnaire including 10 points Sheldon Cohen’s perceived stress scale (PSS) following simple random sampling method. Multivariate logistic regression was done to find out the predictors of higher stress using SPSS software version 22.0.Results: Ultimately 108 caregivers were included. Mean score of PSS was 19.93±11.44 and score ranges from 0 to 40. In multivariate linear regression, it was found that caregiver who were belonging to lowest socio economic status were 3.9 times more perceive moderate to high stress than others. If HIV patients were suffering from other co-morbidities their primary caregiver perceived moderate to high stress 6.2 times more than others.Conclusions: Support group interaction among caregivers can alleviate the stress.
Prediction of dengue outbreaks in Kerala state using disease surveillance and meteorological data
Authors: Nayak Siva Durga Prasad , Narayan K. A.
Published: September 2019

Background: Dengue is one of the most serious and fast emerging tropical diseases. Its incidence of is influenced by many meteorological factors such as rain fall in mm, temperature, humidity etc. Information about these factors can be used to forecast the incidence of dengue fever cases in the next coming months.Methods: The current study was an analytical study using retrospective secondary data from Kerala state. The annual integrated disease surveillance reports of dengue fever cases. Rain fall data and mean monthly temperatures for a period of twelve years from 2006 to 2017 were used. Best fitted model was developed and accuracy of the prediction was tested. All analyses were performed in R software using the mgcv package and nlme package.Results: A total of 144 months study period from January 2006 to December 2017 was used for analysis. Five different models developed for prediction of dengue cases among them, best fitted model including optimal combination of meteorological variables and recent and long term transition of dengue was selected. Out of 84 months predictions in the training period, 68 months prediction was correctly negative, 5 months prediction was correctly positive, 2 months prediction was incorrectly negative and 9 months prediction was incorrectly positive.Conclusions: A better predictive generalized additive model can be developed using the optimal combination of meteorological predictors and dengue fever counts. It will enable the health care administrators to forecast future out breaks and to take better precautionary measures.
Prevalence of obesity among elderly residing in an urban area of Belgaum
Authors: Chingale Ashwini , Katti S. M.
Published: September 2019

Background: The elderly population is the fastest growing age group in the world. This demographic transition has important changes in quality of life in this population, given that longevity may be accompanied by non- communicable diseases, functional reduction, increased dependence, and social isolation, which can bring weight gain in the elderly. Among the elderly there is a loss of the lean body mass and increased body-fat percentage. It is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and mortality. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of obesity among urban elderly using different measurement methods.Methods: It was cross-sectional study conducted between 1st January to 31st December 2013 in 700 individuals aged 60 years and above. The study participants, permanent residents of Ashok Nagar Urban field practice area, were selected using a simple random technique. Obesity was assessed by using WHO Asia-Pacific Guidelines for body mass index (BMI) and WHO waist circumference (WC) guidelines. Data was analyzed by using percentages and kappa statistics.Results: Prevalence of obesity according to BMI criteria was 38.1% and 43.0% among men and women respectively. Measurement of WC showed that 17.4% of men and 46.8% of women suffered from central obesity. There was slight agreement between obesity criteria and central obesity.  Conclusions: The study highlights the problem of obesity in urban elderly. The prevalence of obesity in elderly was slightly higher, with predominance in women. An ageing population together with social, economic and lifestyle changes have led to dramatic increase in obesity.
Knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer, its screening and HPV vaccination among out patients in a tertiary care institute in India
Authors: Balasubramaniam Devi , Duraisamy Kavitha Yogini , Karunanithi Sangeetha
Published: September 2019

Background: Cervical cancer, despite being a preventable disease, its screening and vaccination still remains poor in our country. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening and HPV vaccination.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among outpatients attending gynaecology OPD in GEM hospital and Research Centre, a tertiary care centre in Tamil Nadu during the period of April 2019 to June 2019. A total of 500 women, aged 16 years and above were analyzed using a structured questionnaire with multiple choices regarding socio demographic profile, knowledge and awareness about the cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening method and HPV vaccination.Results: Only 16.6% knew that cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Indian women. Majority (74.6%) of them were married, of which 36.2% were aware of Pap smear. Of those who were aware, only one third (12.6%) had their Pap smear done. The awareness of HPV vaccination was only 25% and 3.4% of them were vaccinated. 70.2% of the study participants were willing to be vaccinated after knowing about the vaccination.Conclusions: This study serves to highlight that, the majority of women lack knowledge and awareness concerning cervical cancer and its preventive aspects. This is a major hindrance among Indian women to undergo early screening and timely prevention. Hence creating public awareness of cervical cancer and its prevention is still a priority.
Morbidity profile of truck drivers: a South Indian cross-sectional study
Authors: Mathew Anil C. , Veyilmuthu Ramamoorthy , Palanisamy Subash , Vargheese Xavier Christu Rajan
Published: September 2019

Background: Recent studies have shown that workers on the transport industry are more predisposed to cardiovascular morbidity and other health morbidities due to their improper diet and sedentary lifestyle. This study was aimed at assessing the common morbidity profile among the truck drivers and associated demographic and clinical parameters considered relevant to the development of cardiovascular disease.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 175 truck drivers aged 18-60 years at the Walayar check post, Coimbatore, southern India. After getting informed consent, a detailed physical examination was conducted. Socio demographic information was also elicited.Results: It was observed that 50% of the truck drivers were overweight and obese. Hypertensives were 41.1% and diabetics were 12%. About 27.4% had raised systolic blood pressure (BP) and 29.1% had raised diastolic BP. Low back pain was observed in 34.3%, hip pain in 24.6%, knee pain in 9.7%, shoulder pain in 5.4%, diminished vision in 4.6%, giddiness in 2.3% and hearing defects in 1.1% of the truck drivers.56.6% were current smokers and 66.3% were taking alcohol consumption more than 4 times a month. Older age was found to be a significant independent predictor [odds ratio OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.03-1.05)] for the total number of cardio vascular disease morbidities.Conclusions: We observed a higher morbidity among the truck drivers and observed that periodic health appraisals are needed.
Epidemiology of injuries and its impact among elderly: a descriptive community based cross-sectional study from central rural India
Authors: Gosavi Shriram V. , Koparkar Anil R. , Giri Supriya A. , More Komal D.
Published: September 2019

Background: This study was to enlighten the prevalence, different types & impact of injuries in elderly population in rural area of middle income country (India).Methods: It was a community based descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in all 24 villages under one Primary Health Centre of central India. The study was carried out from June 2009 to May 2011.Results: In the present study, prevalence of injury was 17.1%, which was highest among elderly ageing 65-69 years (36.8%) followed by elderly ageing 60-64 years (27.4%). Prevalence of injury was higher (20%) among males as compared to females (14%). Association of age, gender and injury was not statistically significant. Fall was the most common cause (34.7%) of injury followed by occupational (34.0%) and road traffic accidents (15.8%). Superficial injuries were the most common (32.6%) type of injuries followed by fracture (27.3%). Hospital admission required by 24.2% of elderly. We found 34.7% elderly was physically impaired and 26.3% physically disabled due to various injuries.Conclusions: In the present study we found injuries pose a major public health problem in elderly. Therefore there is a need of community based assessment on impact of injury among elderly in various parts of country to formulate appropriate health initiatives for prevention and optimum treatment of injuries in elderly.
Geriatric health related problems in an urban area of southern Rajasthan
Authors: Mangal Nitesh , Kumar L. Dilip , Varghese K. A. , Chauhan Meet , Samanta Matariswa
Published: September 2019

Background: There is a paradigm shift in the social values towards the elderly people due to urbanization and higher educational linked migration. Consequently, problems like loneliness, lack of emotional support, economic insecurities are faced by the elderly population. The objectives of the study were to assess the socio-economic dimensions and to examine the morbidity and mortality patterns of elderly persons in the study area.Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among 536 elderly persons from May to August 2019 in an urban area of Udaipur. A pre-structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic details, morbidity profile and socio-economic problems of elderly persons. The data was analyzed using class frequencies, ‘t’ test for equality of gender difference in mortality ages and Chi-square test for association of age class with morbidity.Results: A majority of study subjects were females (52.05%). There was significant difference in proportions of elderly male and female persons across their educational levels. The chi-square test for association of age classes with number of health problems revealed significant association. About 56.34% of 536 elderly people were leading an unsatisfactory life.Conclusions: The major morbidities included arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, cataract, dental problems, cardiovascular problems etc. Financial problems were more severe among elderly. The availability of trained paramedical professionals for home care and day care units and legal bindings on family members for safety and security of elderly person can be effective measures to overcome the problems being faced by them.
A study on burnout syndrome among school teachers in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Yoganand S. , Annie I. K. , Felix John William
Published: September 2019

Background: Burnout syndrome is an emerging occupational phenomenon which makes employees to feel exhausted or less interested on their job with a diminished outcome. Teaching is considered one such stressful occupation. So, this study was conducted to assess the magnitude of burnout among school teachers of Tamil Nadu and to determine the various factors contributing to burnout syndrome.Methods: Descriptive survey method was employed for the present study. A sample of 251 government school teachers was taken by using convenient sampling technique. Teachers’ burnout scale by Gupta and Rani was used to collect the data. The obtained data was statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA.Results: The magnitude of burnout was not high in government school teachers. However, the factors like working in high school, urban school, having spouse as a teacher, chronic illness and increased travel time to school, were found to be associated with higher burn out.Conclusions: Teachers have direct interaction with the students, shared responsibility with colleagues, adjusting with institutional conditions and handling various tasks and challenges put them at a high stress. Health system of India is having many health programmes in schools which are related student’s health but the teacher’s health is left behind. Screening teachers for stress, burnout and other occupational psychosocial hazard will help them improving their life and student’s education.
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding blood donation among medical students of Tamil Nadu- a cross sectional study
Authors: Govindasamy Venkatesh , Sivasankaran Devendiran , Purushothaman Vaithiyanathan
Published: September 2019

Background: Blood can save millions of life. Blood transfusion is one of the most crucial interventions in conditions like trauma, childbirth, and various other medical and surgical life-saving procedures. In spite of extensive efforts and a number of blood donation programs being organized worldwide, the availability of blood remains too short to meet the demand. Students of health education form a potential source of eligible regular voluntary donors and also play a cruel role in motivating potential donors from the general population.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the medical students and interns of Government Thiruvannamalai Medical College in July 2018. Universal sampling was done for this study. A pretested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS software version 21.Results: Out of 460 students, 53.3% have adequate knowledge about blood donation. 57.8% of students have positive attitude towards blood donation. Only 31.4% of them have donated blood before and anaemia was found to be the main reason among non-donors for not having donated blood.Conclusions: More than half of the students have adequate knowledge and positive attitude towards blood donation. Less than one-third have donated blood. It is recommended that there is a need to adopt strategies to sensitize and motivate them towards voluntary blood donation early in their medical career.
Использование цифровой модели продукта в решении задачи оптимизации затрат на этапах жизненного цикла перспективной продукции
Authors: Богинский Андрей Иванович
Published: September 2019

В статье рассмотрена актуальная в настоящее время проблема оптимизации затрат на этапах жизненного цикла перспективного изделия. При прогнозировании случайных факторов, влияющих на производство перспективной продукции, затруднено, поскольку традиционные методы оптимизации затрат в данном случае не применимы по причине большой стохастичности задачи оптимизации. Показано, как использование цифровой модели позволяет решить проблему оптимизации затрат на этапах жизненного цикла перспективного изделия. Описана экономико-математическая модель оптимизации затрат на этапах жизненного цикла перспективной продукции, использующая такие научные достижения цифровизации, как цифровой двойник изделия и его цифровой макет. Представлен способ оценки точности при решении стохастической оптимизационной задачи. Разработана методика, позволяющая управлять затратами на этапах жизненного цикла перспективных изделий.
TRANSMISSÃO DA VARIAÇÃO DA TAXA DE CÂMBIO PARA OS PREÇOS DE EXPORTAÇÕES BRASILEIRAS DO ÓLEO DE SOJA: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DO DÓLAR E DO EURO
Authors: COPETTI LEONARDO SANGOI , CORONEL DANIEL ARRUDA
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu no exame da relação entre variações cambiais nos preços de exportação brasileiros do óleo de soja, relação definida como o pass-through da taxa de câmbio, tendo como referência o período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2018. Para tanto, estimaram-se dois modelos: em dólar e em euro. Os dados foram coletados nos sites do Instituto de Economia Aplicada – IPEA e no WORLD BANK. Neste sentido, fez-se uso dos instrumentais de séries temporais, especialmente do Modelo Vetor de Correção de Erros. Os resultados encontrados forneceram indicações de que o grau de pass-through da taxa de câmbio para os preços de exportação do óleo de soja ocorreu de forma incompleta no modelo do dólar, com o coeficiente de -0,16, representando que depreciações da taxa de câmbio não se traduzem em ganhos significativos de competitividade, dado que não reduzem expressivamente os preços de exportação. Já para o modelo em euro, o coeficiente de pass-through foi nulo, representando que as variações da taxa de câmbio afetam apenas o mark-up do exportador.
Green Synthesis of Antioxidant Silver and Platinum Nanoparticles Using Ginger and Turmeric Extracts and Investigation of Their Catalytic Activity
Authors: ŞAHİN Muradiye , GUBBUK İlkay Hilal
Published: September 2019

Antioxidant
silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were synthesized using from ginger and turmeric extracts by green method in this
work. Thus synthesized
these nanoparticles were characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, SEM-EDX and
FTIR. The UV visible spectra of the AgNPs revealed a
characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 420-425 nm and the UV visible
spectra of the PtNPs revealed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak
at 234-240 nm. The
synthesized AgNPs and PtNPs were acted as a catalyst to degradation of dyes
(rhodamine B, methyl orange and methylene blue) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Green
synthesized antioxidant silver nanoparticles were effectively degrading the
dyes nearly 4-10 min. and green synthesized antioxidant platinum nanoparticles
were effectively degrading the dyes nearly 15-24 min.  of exposure time.
A ÁGUA DE LASTRO E A NECESSIDADE DE EFETIVIDADE DAS NORMAS DE PROTEÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE MARINHA NO CONTEXTO AMAZÔNICO
Authors: Silva Renã Margalho , Moreira Eliane Cristina Pinto
Published: September 2019

Precedentes demonstram que a água de lastro pode influenciar no equilíbrio biológico de espécies nativas, proliferar doenças e gerar impactos econômicos, sanitários e sociais. Em face das projeções de crescimento da movimentação portuária na Região Amazônica, agrava-se o risco de danos ambientais, com possível afetação de populações tradicionais locais, que estão à mercê da ineficiência do controle da água de lastro nos portos brasileiros. O presente artigo, por meio do método dedutivo, visa analisar as normas que regulam o gerenciamento da água de lastro, sinalizando alguns pontos falhos da legislação nacional, e o agravamento dos riscos à biodiversidade e populações locais. Isso foi feito com base em precedentes de acidentes e projeções de crescimento da movimentação de carga no Porto de Vila do Conde, o que está diretamente relacionado ao aumento do tráfego de navios e agravamento de riscos de poluição ambiental. Conclui-se, portanto, que a ineficiência da regulação e a ineficácia da fiscalização da água de lastro de navios agravam a vulnerabilidade da Região Amazônica e de seus habitantes.
PARTICIPAÇÃO EM ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS: PERSPECTIVAS DA LEGISLAÇÃO AMBIENTAL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Souza Renata , Leal Giuliana Franco , Maciel Fabianne Manhães
Published: September 2019

O debate relacionado à participação em áreas protegidas abarca questões benéficas tanto para a própria política de proteção da natureza quanto para a população, pois as práticas participativas podem ser de grande valia para o Estado – visto que este deixa de ser o único responsável pelas políticas sociais – e para a sociedade civil – pois a ampliação da participação em instâncias políticas e decisórias é de relevância para garantir autonomia, empoderamento e diminuição das injustiças, além de gerar benefícios sociais e econômicos. Portanto, o presente trabalho analisa a legislação brasileira relacionada às áreas protegidas, no intuito de compreender como o princípio da participação é inserido nesses documentos, a partir da execução da técnica de análise documental. Ao realizar a pesquisa observou-se que a temática da participação está presente na legislação sobre áreas protegidas desde a aprovação da Lei n. 4.771/65, porém sem que houvesse uma radicalidade nas formas de participação, sendo esta limitada ao auxílio que a sociedade poderia prover ao Estado. Após a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, observa-se nas leis que a sucedem um maior aprofundamento no entendimento do conceito de participação, remetendo a possibilidades de compartilhamento de decisões e gestão entre Estado e sociedade civil.
ENFOQUE DOGMÁTICO PARA O ESTADO DE DIREITO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Cirne Mariana Barbosa
Published: September 2019

Este artigo pretende discutir o sentido da elevação constitucional da proteção ambiental brasileira, em termos doutrinários, mas também o que se pode aferir desse direito em termos axiológicos. Há, neste trabalho, uma preocupação dogmática, mas também zetética sobre a proteção constitucional ambiental e o sentido de um Estado de Direito Ambiental a partir de Theodor Viehweg. As perguntas que desafiaram este artigo foram: O que significa, sob o enfoque dogmático, o Estado de Direito Ambiental? Como este conceito pode contribuir para uma mudança social? Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, defende-se que o Estado de Direito Ambiental brasileiro consiste no reconhecimento de uma estrutura normativa dogmática da proteção ambiental que demanda, na tomada de decisão, independentemente de ser pública ou privada, a consideração do interesse do meio ambiente equilibrado, do qual o homem depende e faz parte, em igualdade com as questões sociais e econômicas, ante o valor axiológico-fundante da sustentabilidade possível.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Rezende Elcio Nacur
Published: September 2019

Apresentação do v. 16, n. 35 da Revista Veredas do Direito – Direito Ambiental e Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
A Method for Calculating the Output Indicators of Turning
Authors: Grubyi S.V.
Published: September 2019

Rate of wear, tool life, cutting force and cutting temperature belong to output indicators of turning. To study and analyze these indicators, experimental studies are traditionally used, which require considerable material, financial and time resources. Reference literature and scientific publications contain power functions generalizing the results of experimental research on allowable cutting speeds, the main component of force and the torque. These functions reflect the limited conditions with regard to tool and workpiece materials and are true for tools without wear. A method for calculating the output indicators of turning is proposed based on the developed model. It establishes a mutual relationship with the cutting mode settings, geometrical parameters of the tool and the characteristics of hard alloy and machined material. The calculations are based on the equation of tool wear speed versus the cutting speed and the surface hardness of the tool material. The proposed method makes it possible to determine and analyze the output indicators without conducting labour intensive experimental studies. Experiments are used only for validation and refinement of the calculation results.
Shaping the Combustion Chamber of a Piston Engine with Direct Injection of Gasoline
Authors: Kavtaradze R.Z. , Kasko A.A. , Zelentsov A.A.
Published: September 2019

The object of the study was a six-cylinder in-line engine for land transport system with direct gasoline supply and forced ignition. The problem of shaping the combustion chamber is solved using the numerical control volumes method in a three-dimensional formulation. Nonstationary equations of energy, motion, diffusion and continuity in the Reynolds form, supplemented by the k-ζ-f model of turbulence, are used as a basis for modelling the engine operation. To model fuel combustion, an extended coherent flame model (ECFM) was used. Calculations were performed using the AVL FIRE software. The processes of mixture formation were optimized by considering the current lines and velocity fields of a moving charge, taking into account the geometry of the combustion chamber and intake and exhaust ports. As a result, the efficiency of the engine increased and the combustion process became more stable in the part load modes employing different fuel supply laws.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL AND HYGIENIC MONITORING OF TERRITORIES OF LARGE CITIES
Authors: Rakhmanin Yu. A. , Levanchuk A. V. , Kopytenkova O. I.
Published: September 2019

Analysis of the air pollution in large cities with heavy traffic allowed to establish a presence of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the air. By investigations there were established quantitative characteristics of the relations in the system “air pollution road by transport emissions - the morbidity rate in the children population”. Products of the deterioration of the road system and the exhaust gases were established to determine from 58 to 81% of diseases in children living in the zone of the exposure to roads with heavy traffic (more than 3,000 of cars/hour). From 16 to 23% of the diseases are caused by products of the deterioration of the road network, including 8 to 12% of heavy metal compounds. The assessment of air pollution in large cities by exhaust gases and products of wear and tear of the road transport sector is currently insufficient. Information should be taken into account in the organization of social-hygienic monitoring, medical care and assessment of health risk. There is the necessity of perfection of the system of socially-hygienic monitoring on the territories of cities through the organization of control of air pollution by metal compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
THE USE OF RESULTS OF THE CALCULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FOR THE SOCIAL HYGIENIC MONITORING
Authors: Kiselev A. V. , Grigoreva Ya. V.
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study. The investigation of the character of the formation of statistical presentation of data about ambient air pollution within the borders of Saint-Petersburg administrative areas on the basis of simulation data of hazardous substances (air emissions) transfer from priority sources into the lowest atmospheric layer with their following assessment according to standards, population health risks and reliability of index estimation, averaged on borders of administrative areas. Material and methods. On the base of data of sources of pollution of ambient air of the city of Saint Petersburg administered by the Committee for the use of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection and Safety Calculations, implemented in the system “Ecologist-city” by the company “Integral” there were made calculations maximum one-time and annual average concentrations for all emitted substances as well as there were evaluated the carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic and chronic risks air pollution, and there was executed the assessment of the pollution according to olfactometric criteria (rate of exceeding odor threshold ). The spatial analysis of the results was concluded in averaging concentrations and values which characterize risks on the borders of the administrative areas and further performance of the estimation of the reliability of data differences of average indices on Student criteria. Results. There were investigated peculiarities of air pollution within the borders of St. Petersburg administrative areas. There was given the estimation of reliability of data differences by Student criteria for carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic (acute and chronic) risks. There were selected priority substances, which had the greatest differences in values of concentrations and risk criteria. They are nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide and benzene. There were determined areas which have statistically reliable differences on olfactometric criteria, the value of annual average and maximum one-time concentrations, by carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic (acute and chronic) risks with other areas. Conclusion. There was established the expediency of calculated monitoring of the air pollution averaged on the administrative areas.
ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO THE INSULATION PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL CLOTHING
Authors: Ivashchenko I. N. , Sevrugina N. I. , Shmalko S. P.
Published: September 2019

The emergence of a variety of textile materials with new properties, the development of computer technology has changed the traditional approach to the processes of selecting materials, design and producing special clothing. The article discusses the analytical approach of Russian and foreign scientists in the investigation of insulating properties of special clothing. Regression modeling techniques, optimization theory with the use of computer technology are widely used under these conditions. The study examines the different regression models, the results of the correlation, factor analysis in the calculation of the correlation of various parameters: the total thermal resistance, surface density, water vapor permeability, air permeability, hygroscopicity, surface filling, total porosity, thickness, water yielding. On the basis of calculations of required insulation protective clothing, the time of continuous stay in the cold for southern region of Russia workers engaged in Oil production we have developed a computer program. Based on the proposed regression model the problem of maximizing the quality criterion has been solved. With the help of quadratic programming methods we defined: the optimum value of the thickness of the package material, the thickness of the coating materials, the minimum possible value of air permeability in the end - a target set insulation materials. Due to this approach it has been possible to establish the maximum acceptable construction of special clothing for such conditions, as well as to adapt the process of picking a package of materials for these clothes. The issue complete materials package and the need to study the properties of thermal insulation materials selected as close as possible for creating a comfortable working environment are related in this article. Designing heatproof special clothing includes the processes of its testing under different conditions. One of the problems to be solved in the course of our tests is an analysis of changes in the thermal fields of workers with different body masses in the process of employment.
HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF OPTIMIZATION OF THE WORK OF CHILDREN’S DENTISTS IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Nekhoroshev A. S. , Silin A. V. , Morozova E. I.
Published: September 2019

The relationship between hygienic conditions of labor, health state and personal psychosocial characteristics of medical staff today proves to be the urgent problem. A specifics of the work of pediatric dentists is related to the impact of unfavorable environment factors on their bodies and the presence of the high psychophysiological load under working with children. It is interesting to study the features of the contemporary labor process to improve preventive measures aimed at optimizing the operation of children’s dentists.
PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF SPECIALIST IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL AND PROPHYLACTIC CASE AS THE BASIS OF PREPARATION AND ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL PREVENTION
Authors: Khizgiyaev V. I. , Briko N. I. , Kuchma V. R. , Melnichenko P. I. , Gordeeva T. I. , Volkova N. A.
Published: September 2019

Professional standards should meet modern requirements of the labor market, as well as requirements for the accreditation and certification of medical-prophylactic profile specialists. Objective is the justification for the content of the professional standard of specialist in the field of medical and prophylactic business. Expert analysis revealed that the current professional standard fails to take into account completely different economic activities in which specialists of medical-prophylactic profile work or can work. The priority state program “Reform of the control and supervisory activities” determines the priority for the comprehensive prevention violations of mandatory requirements with the wide application of information resources that should be included in the professional standard. The main task of the expert of medical and prophylactic profile is the activity for the provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population. The implementation of this direction should be provided by informing the subject of control of the mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements, their introduction, assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of their implementation, the widespread introduction of production control over sanitary rules, expert control, including sanitary and epidemiological listening. The analysis revealed the professional activity of doctor of medical and preventive profile to be in demand for organizations of sanitary-epidemiological service, hospital and sanatorium institutions; disinfection and disinsection of buildings; in assessing working conditions; in testing and analysis of the composition and purity of materials and substances; in tests and analysis in the field of food hygiene, including veterinary inspection and control of food production; the examination of project documentation and engineering research; for monitoring environmental pollution. Training of students of the medical-prophylactic faculty should take into account the modern approaches to the formulation of the professional standard. Public professional organizations have prepared a new version of the professional standard of the specialist in the field of medical and prophylactic business, taking into account all economic activities, which is a mandatory preventive measure.