bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plantation management to restore early and late‐successional bird habitat under various climatic and seasonal conditions
Authors: Kawamura Kazuhiro , Yamaura Yuichi , Nakamura Futoshi
Published: December 2024

Although agriculture and plantation forestry have decreased natural open habitats and old‐growth forests, conservation in managed lands is considered essential for achieving “nature‐positive” goals that reverse biodiversity trends from negative to positive. From subboreal to temperate regions, mature conifer plantations with broadleaved trees (BLTs) offer suitable habitats for species preferring mature natural BLT forests, whereas young plantations harbor species depending on early successional (ES) habitats. However, the functional forms of stand age and BLT, and their context dependency, remain unknown. We quantified the effects of stand age (3–98 years), BLT proportion (0%–97.5%), and their interaction on ES and BLT bird species in plantations, as well as the dependency of these effects on regional/seasonal climates. For both groups, we also explored whether plantations could be comparable habitats to BLT‐dominated natural forests (stand age: 6–134 years) across Hokkaido (78,420 km2), northern Japan. ES bird species' richness and abundance decreased exponentially with stand age in plantations. This pattern was not evident in natural forests although only two ES stands were surveyed due to the rarity of natural forest harvesting. ES plantations in cooler regions showed higher habitat values, reflecting a climate‐dependent species composition. No ES species occurred in winter. Both stand age and BLT proportion increased BLT bird species richness and abundance in a concave manner, except for age in stands with few BLTs. The positive effects of BLT were more evident in younger stands with fewer BLTs. Mature plantations with 25% BLTs supported 62% of breeding BLT bird abundance in old natural forests. In winter, lower regional temperatures weakened the positive effects of stand age and strengthened the positive effects of BLT proportion, reflecting temperature‐dependent habitat selection across species. Our results suggest that regular plantation harvesting can play a critical role in restoring ES bird species across Hokkaido. To conserve BLT bird species, retaining even small amounts of BLTs within plantations may be more cost‐effective than long‐rotation plantation forestry or only protecting existing natural old‐growth forests. Our study shows that on‐site conservation within plantations across regions and seasons, when coupled with nature reserve management, can contribute to restoring biodiversity.
Earth's Climate History Explains Life's Temperature Optima
Authors: Schipper Louis A. , Reeve Jennifer L. , Arcus Vickery L. , Isson Terry , Prentice Erica J. , Williamson Adele , Barnes Andrew D.
Published: December 2024

Why does the growth of most life forms exhibit a narrow range of optimal temperatures below 40°C? We hypothesize that the recently identified stable range of oceanic temperatures of ~5 to 37°C for more than two billion years of Earth history tightly constrained the evolution of prokaryotic thermal performance curves to optimal temperatures for growth to less than 40°C. We tested whether competitive mechanisms reproduced the observed upper limits of life's temperature optima using simple Lotka–Volterra models of interspecific competition between organisms with different temperature optima. Model results supported our proposition whereby organisms with temperature optima up to 37°C were most competitive. Model results were highly robust to a wide range of reasonable variations in temperature response curves of modeled species. We further propose that inheritance of prokaryotic genes and subsequent co‐evolution with microbial partners may have resulted in eukaryotes also fixing their temperature optima within this narrow temperature range. We hope this hypothesis will motivate considerable discussion and future work to advance our understanding of the remarkable consistency of the temperature dependence of life.
Gene therapy: New and future treatments for uveitis
Authors: Yang Hui , Tian Meng , Hou Shengping
Published: December 2024

Uveitis, characterized by intraocular inflammation, has significant management challenges due to its diverse etiologies and complicated pathophysiology. The current first‐line treatments primarily aim to calm inflammation with the underlying causes unaffected, often associated with systemic side effects, limited long‐term efficacy, and disease recurrence. Gene therapies, as powerful therapeutic approaches, have been applied to treat various genetic and non‐genetic diseases. However, the development of gene therapy for uveitis has been investigated less. This review discusses the possible targets and therapeutic approaches for uveitis gene therapy by analyzing some research examples in exogenous gene expression, RNAi, antisense therapy, and the CRISPR gene editing system. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of listed gene therapies for uveitis and propose future research directions and potential strategies to overcome current challenges.
En Route Investigation of Reaction Conditions’ Influence on Cross‐Metathesis Yields Employing Grubbs 2nd Generation–p‐Cresol Catalyst Derivative – Part 1
Authors: Odewole O. A. , Swart M. R. , Erasmus E.
Published: December 2024

A study investigated the ideal p‐cresol to Grubbs second‐generation catalyst (GII) ratio for maximizing selectivity in cross‐metathesis reactions. Adding p‐cresol to GII enhances selectivity for cross‐metathesis over self‐metathesis, with 100 equivalents of p‐cresol ensuring optimal catalyst performance. The study focused on the cross‐metathesis of 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate and trans‐anethole, varying trans‐anethole mole fractions from approximately 0.09 to 0.91. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy, the reaction progress was monitored at 25 °C and 35 °C in CD2Cl2 solvent over 722 minutes, maintaining a constant p‐cresol/GII ratio (100 : 1, X1=0.33). The reaction setup followed previous protocols with slight adjustments for time‐trace analysis. Results revealed an induction period at both temperatures, significantly shorter at 35 °C (4 minutes vs. 40 minutes at 25 °C). The elevated temperature notably increased the selectivity of the p‐cresol/GII catalyst. Reaction kinetics showed the cross‐metathesis rate with the modified catalyst was approximately 1.5 times faster than self‐metathesis, with k’obs values of 0.0575 min−1 (25 °C) and 0.68 min−1 (35 °C) for cross‐metathesis compared to 0.033 min−1 and 0.41 min−1 for self‐metathesis, respectively.
Enhancing Near‐Infrared Absorption in Osmium(II) Complexes Under the Cumulative Influence of Terpyridine Ligand and Anions: Combined Experimental and DFT/TD‐DFT Investigation
Authors: Bhattacharya Sohini , Pal Poulami , Gorain Sucheta , Baitalik Sujoy
Published: December 2024

This work presents synthesis, characterization, and thorough examination on the photophysical and electrochemical behaviours of a new class of homo‐ and heteroleptic Os(II)‐terpyridine complexes. The compounds exhibit intense singlet metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (1MLCT) bands in the visible region (490–500 nm) and weak and broad spin‐forbidden bands in the spectral window of 670–680 nm due to singlet ground state (1GS) to 3MLCT state transition, facilitated by spin‐orbit coupling. The complexes exhibit strong luminescence within 730–750 nm at room temperature having lifetimes in the domain of 101–158 ns, depending upon solvents. Taking advantage of active methylene protons, anion‐induced modulation of spectral and electrochemical characteristics of the complexes has been convincingly demonstrated via different optical channels and spectroscopic tools as well as by cyclic voltammetry. The augmentation in absorption spectral characteristics is quite remarkable in presence of F− and intense absorption bands spanning across the entire visible region and stretching up to NIR domain is achieved. The mode of complex‐anion interplay was elucidated via 1H, 31P{1H} and 19F NMR spectroscopy as well as by computational investigations using DFT and TD‐DFT methods. The complexes also act as molecular sensors and switches that can function in visible and NIR domains upon alternate addition of anion and acid.
Advances in C−N Bond Formation via N‐Centered Radicals from N‐Aminopyridinium Reagents
Authors: Sajjad Farrukh , Lu Cheng , Chen Tie‐Gen
Published: December 2024

Nitrogen‐centered radicals (NCRs) have gained significant attention due to their high reactivity, which facilitates many useful and challenging transformations, particularly in the formation of C−N bonds. In this regard, N‐aminopridinium reagents are easily accessible substrates that readily generate N‐centered radicals, which can be trapped by arenes, olefins, alkynes and even alkanes under visible light irradiation. In recent years, amination strategies involving N‐aminopyridinium salts have grown remarkably and attracted considerable interest within the synthetic community. This review comprehensively includes all the significant advances in C−N bond construction via N‐centered radicals derived from N‐aminopyridinium substrates.
Ni‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Multisubstituted Allenes via Reductive Cross‐Coupling of Propargylic Acetates with Chlorohydrosilanes
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Deng Hong
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces an innovative strategy for the synthesis of multisubstituted allenes via nickel‐catalyzed reductive cross‐coupling reactions. The approach utilizes propargyl acetates and chlorosilanes to produce a variety of silyl‐substituted allenes. The reaction conditions are notably mild, and the process is characterized by high chemo‐ and regioselectivity, as well as an impressive substrate scope. Furthermore, the method can be readily extended to the use of chlorogermane and chlorostannane, facilitating the synthesis of germanium or stannium‐substituted allenes. This research not only offers a valuable strategy for the preparation of multisubstituted allenes but also significantly broadens the synthetic repertoire for the construction of highly functionalized molecules.
p‐Anisil as a Versatile Catalyst for the E‐to‐Z Photoisomerization of Activated Alkenes ‐ Application in Late‐Stage Modification of Small Molecule Drugs, Di‐ and Tripeptides
Authors: Nguyen Thanh V. Q. , Hansen Peter R.
Published: December 2024

High‐throughput experimentation was employed to discover p‐Anisil as a highly effective and versatile catalysts for the E‐to‐Z photoisomerization of cinnamic acid derivatives and other activated alkenes. This new catalytic system tolerated a number of functional groups found in medicinal chemistry. The discovery enabled the preparation of previously unknown complex Z‐alkenes in two steps directly from drugs or peptides.
Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of Self‐Centering Braced Double‐Column Rocking Bent
Authors: Dong Huihui , Ma Rui , Bi Kaiming , Han Qiang , Su Can , Du Xiuli
Published: December 2024

The self‐centering braced double‐column rocking bent (SBR bent) consisting of a double‐column rocking bent and two replaceable braces in a chevron arrangement scenario has been developed to enhance the seismic resilience of bridge structures. This paper aims to experimentally investigate the seismic performance of the SBR bent with energy dissipation braces (EDBs) and the self‐centering energy dissipation braces (SCEBs). To this end, first, the design criteria of the SBR bent were developed, and a simplified analytical model was established to predict the force‐displacement relationship of the SBR bent. Subsequently, in order to meet the large deformation capacity of the rocking bent, U‐plate energy dissipation braces (as U‐EDBs) and self‐centering combined disc spring U‐plate braces (as U‐SCEB) acting as replaceable braces were developed and tested to investigate their hysteretic behavior. The experiments on two 1:3 scaled SBR bents with the two types of replaceable braces (i.e., U‐EDBs and U‐SCEBs) subjected to quasi‐static loading protocols, were then carried out to investigate their seismic performance. For comparison, a cast‐in‐place Reinforced concrete (RC) bent and a self‐centering rocking bent without brace (SR bent) were also designed and tested. The results indicated that the self‐centering combined disc spring U‐plate brace exhibits a typical flag‐shaped curve, in particular, has a large deformation capacity. Furthermore, SBR bent featured with prominent seismic performance in terms of large load‐carrying capacity, excellent self‐centering capability and stable energy dissipation ability, minor or no physical damage. Moreover, the external braces can be easily replaced if they are damaged after a severe earthquake.
Assessment of Dementia in Minority Ethnic Groups in Europe: A 14‐Year Follow‐Up Survey
Authors: Nielsen T. Rune , de Mendonça Alexandre , Frölich Lutz , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Gove Dianne , Lamirel Daphné , Calia Clara , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: December 2024

Objectives

There is no European consensus on good clinical practice for timely diagnosis and culturally appropriate care of people with dementia from minority ethnic groups. Despite significant advances in culture‐sensitive dementia diagnostics, little is known about how this has been implemented in clinical practice. The aims of this follow‐up survey were to explore current practices for assessing dementia in patients from minority ethnic groups in Europe and to determine whether barriers in access to specialized dementia services have changed during the last 14 years.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted in the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) in June 2023. The survey utilized questionnaires from a previous EADC survey from 2009 and focused on different points in the clinical assessment of dementia in patients from minority ethnic groups.

Results

Thirty‐three centers from 15 countries participated in the survey, of which 21 were the same as in the 2009 survey. Patients from minority ethnic groups were seen on a regular basis in 91% of these centers, which was a significant increase compared to 2009 (69%, p = 0.04). Despite perceived clinical expertise increasing, implemented strategies for bypassing cultural and linguistic barriers were sparse and communication problems and lack of adequate assessment tools continued to be the main perceived barriers in diagnostic assessment of dementia in minority ethnic groups.

Conclusions

Patients from minority ethnic groups are increasingly being referred for diagnostic assessment of dementia in Europe. Despite some improvements, diagnostic challenges generally remained the same as in 2009 and there is a continuous need to implement effective cross‐cultural communication and assessment practices.
Piloting a citizen science approach to auditing rural walkability in Tasmania
Authors: Jose Kim , Rowbotham Samantha , Laird Yvonne , Stanesby Oliver , Marks Leah , Garvey Kate , Cleland Verity
Published: December 2024

Background

People living in ‘walkable’ areas are more active, but common approaches to assessing walkability using audit tools and geospatial data have limitations in rural areas. This project explored the feasibility, acceptability and benefits of using a citizen science approach to audit walkability in rural communities.

Methods

Using a citizen science approach, community members in rural towns completed audit tools and photographs to capture walkability. Researchers collated data and facilitated workshops with community members to identify priorities for action. The feasibility of applying a citizen science approach was evaluated through surveys and interviews with citizen scientists and project team members.

Results

Three rural Australian towns (population 300; 850; 2890) were included, with a total of 10 community members (1–6 per town) completing audits and 13 (4–9 per town) attending workshops. It was feasible for citizen scientists to complete audits to identify environmental and physical attributes and impediments to walking. It was less feasible for citizen scientists to audit local policies and programs. Workshops enabled a broader and deeper understanding of the data, and represent a crucial aspect of the citizen science process. Citizen scientists were motivated by a desire to improve their community. Lack of diversity among citizen scientists, safety and recruitment were limitations.

Conclusion/Discussion

Citizen science was a feasible and acceptable approach for auditing rural walkability, generating a rich and deep understanding of how the built environment impacts walking. Citizen science allows researchers, policy makers and community members to work together to generate data and establish priorities.

So What?

Citizen science has the potential to support the involvement of members of the public in research and decision‐making in health promotion. Researchers need to adopt strategies to ensure diversity among citizen scientists as well as consider the support needs of citizen scientists when adopting this approach.
Effect of Citrus aurantium and chamomile aromas on anxiety and vital signs in cardiac care unit patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mahmoodabadipoor Fatemeh , Imani‐Goghary Zahra , Balvardi Mohadeseh , Nouhi Esmat
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim

Complementary therapies, such as aromatherapy, were used to manage acute and chronic symptoms of diseases. Anxiety symptoms and deviations in vital signs are frequently manifest in patients admitted to the cardiac care unit (CCU). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of citrus aurantium and chamomile aromas on anxiety levels and vital signs of patients hospitalized in CCU.

Methods

In this clinical research trial (CRT), a total of 76 hospitalized patients in the CCU were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group received aromatherapy using a blend of chamomile and citrus aurantium essences at a ratio of 2:0.5 on an eye pad. They inhaled the aromas from a distance of 10 cm for three nights. Vital signs were recorded every 6 h. Spielberger's anxiety questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using independent t‐tests, paired t‐tests, Chi‐square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and the generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach.

Results

Before the aromatherapy, the mean (SD) scores of state and trait anxiety in the intervention group were 57.9 (11.4) and 50 (12.5) respectively, after the intervention, these scores decreased to 35.3 (8.4) and 38.5 (8.2), and the paired t‐test revealed a significant difference between them (p < 0.001). Before the intervention there was no significant difference in the mean scores of state and trait anxiety between the two groups, (p > 0.05), however following the intervention, a significant difference was observed (p < 0.001). Additionally, the intervention resulted in the recovery of patients' heart rate.

Conclusions

The results showed, application of citrus aurantium and chamomile aromas significantly lower anxiety levels and enhance the hemodynamic status of patients in the CCU. It may be suggested as a beneficial nursing intervention for these patients.
Understanding the Burden of Lennox−Gastaut Syndrome: Implications for Patients, Caregivers, and Society in High and Low Resource Settings: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mourid Marina Ramzy , Oduoye Malik Olatunde
Published: December 2024

Background

Lennox−Gastaut syndrome (LGS) poses significant challenges in diagnosis, management, and treatment due to its rare nature, diverse presentation, and drug‐resistant seizures. While classical features aid diagnosis, challenges persist, impacting patient care and outcomes. Understanding the syndrome's burden is essential for improving healthcare policies and interventions.

Aim

This literature review aimed to comprehensively analyze clinical symptom burden, comorbidities, care requirements, quality of life (QoL), economic burden, caregiver burden, and treatment burden to pinpoint knowledge gaps for future research and intervention development, ultimately aiming to enhance the well‐being of patients and caregivers.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using electronic databases and manual searches to analyze clinical symptom burden, comorbidities, care requirements, QoL, economic burden, caregiver burden, and treatment burden associated with LGS.

Results

LGS significantly impacts the QoL for patients, with seizures, cognitive impairment, and social challenges affecting various aspects of daily living. Caregivers, particularly mothers, face significant stress and exhaustion, impacting their own health and well‐being. Healthcare resource utilization is substantial, with elevated costs for LGS patients compared to controls. Cognitive impairment is prevalent and worsens over time, influencing educational and social outcomes. Prognosis varies based on factors like age of onset, underlying cause, and genetic factors, with limited treatment options available.

Conclusion

Managing LGS requires tailored approaches addressing seizures, comorbidities, and caregiver needs. While advancements in treatments and surgical techniques offer hope, challenges persist in achieving optimal outcomes and reducing the societal burden. The management of LGS involves a combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies, tailored to the individual patient's needs and response to treatment. Regular follow‐up with a neurologist specialized in epilepsy is crucial for ongoing management, including annual reassessment of the diagnosis and treatment plan. The primary focus should always be on optimizing the patient's QoL, including learning and behavioral management, as complete seizure remission is rare.
Treatment Outcomes of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Among Advanced Cancer Patients Attending Palliative Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh: An Observational Study
Authors: Rouf Rafsana , Bhuiyan A. K. M. Motiur Rahman , Alam Afroja , Chowdhury Mostofa Kamal
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim

Hypercalcemia is one of the most common complications of advanced malignancy. Treatment of hypercalcemia among advanced cancer patients often gives rise to complex ethical issues. This study aims to explore treatment outcomes of hypercalcemia among advanced cancer patients so that palliative care physicians can design cost‐effective and efficient approaches to diagnosis and treatment for these patients.

Methods

This observational study was conducted among 31 advanced (stages III and IV) cancer patients diagnosed with hypercalcemia of malignancy admitted to the Department of Palliative Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, from June to December 2023. The patients were observed on the day of admission and followed up on 3rd and 7th day for assessment of their response to the received treatment. Chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, paired and unpaired t‐tests were done to assess the treatment response and changes in the clinical characteristics of the patients.

Result

After 3 days of rehydration therapy, the mean serum calcium level decreased significantly from 12.43 ± 1.96 to 10.82 ± 2.07 after treatment, with a significant p‐value of < 0.001. For the management of remaining hypercalcemic patients, intravenous bisphosphonates are used in conjunction with normal saline. There was a substantial decrease in the mean value of serum calcium level from 12.66 ± 1.91 to 10.27 ± 0.75 after treatment with normal saline and bisphosphonate on the 7th day. The majority of patients (64.5%) showed improvement following treatment. A smaller percentage (16.1%) remained hypercalcemic even after getting all treatments. Unfortunately, 19.4% died, possibly due to the progressive nature of the disease along with hypercalcemia.

Conclusion

Malignant hypercalcemia is a potentially fatal, undiagnosed, and undertreated complication of advanced malignancy. It is essential for palliative care physicians to identify hypercalcemia and develop comprehensive care plan to optimize the treatment outcomes.
A Comparison of Creatinine, Cystatin C, and Creatinine‐Cystatin C Based Equations in HIV/AIDS Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ampiah Kweku Amoah , Afari Richard , Osei‐Assibey Jude , Asamoah Ramseyer , Acheampong Amos , Dzata Lawrence , Kyei‐Mensah Joseph , Ahenkorah‐Fonjo Linda , Sakyi Samuel A. , Abakah‐Yawson Albert , Kotam Gabriel Pezahso , Ephraim Richard K. D.
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS infection, with kidney dysfunction progressing to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). We tested the diagnostic performance of creatinine, cystatin c, and the combined (creatinine + cystatin c)‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in assessing kidney dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Saltpond District Hospital, Ghana.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of 100 HIV/AIDS patients on ART at the Saltpond District Hospital was conducted. Anthropometric data (height, waist circumference, and weight), blood pressure, and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were obtained from all enrolled participants through questionnaires. Venous blood was collected for creatinine and cystatin estimation. Urine was also collected and a spot test for micro‐albuminuria was performed.

Results

Our study revealed a mean serum creatinine level of 82.60 ± 21.69 with serum creatinine within the normal range for both female and male participants. The eGFR‐Scr seems to have a better eGFR/CKD classification performance than the eGFR‐Scys‐c and eGFR combined (Scr + Scys). At similar cut‐off values, eGFR‐Scr + Scys showed the greatest diagnostic performance in HIV/AIDS patients, with the largest AUC (AUC = 0.91) in the ROC plot with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 11%.

Conclusions

The combined (Scr + Scys) based eGFR equation has the best diagnostic performance in predicting kidney insufficiency/CKD in HIV/AIDS patients on ART. Serum cystatin c‐based estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR‐Scr) equation is better for assessing kidney function for patients with eGFR< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and eGFR‐Scr based equations are better in eGFR/CKD classification and staging.
The effects of a bioavailable curcumin formulation on Alzheimer's disease pathologies: A potential risk for neuroinflammation
Authors: Cade Shaun , Prestidge Clive , Zhou Xin‐Fu , Bobrovskaya Larisa
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia characterized by the presence of two proteinaceous deposits in the brain. These pathologies may be a consequence of complex interactions between neurons and glia before the onset of cognitive impairments. Curcumin, a bioactive compound found in turmeric, is a promising candidate for AD because it alleviates neuropathologies in mouse models of the disease. Although its clinical efficacy has been hindered by low oral bioavailability, the development of new formulations may overcome this limitation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a bioavailable curcumin formulation in a mouse model of AD. The formulation was administered to mice in drinking water after encapsulation into micelles using a previously validated method. A neuropathological assessment was performed to determine if it slows or alters the course of the disease. Cognitive performance was not included because it had already been assessed by a previous study. The bioavailable curcumin formulation was unable to alter the size or number of amyloid plaques in a transgenic mouse model. In addition, mechanisms that regulate amyloid beta production were unchanged, suggesting that the disease had not been altered. The number of reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus was not altered by curcumin. However, protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein were increased overall in the brain, suggesting that it may have aggravated neuroinflammation. Therefore, a higher dosage, despite its enhanced oral bioavailability, may have a potential risk for neuroinflammation.
Etiology of prostate cancer with the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion: A systematic review of risk factors
Authors: McGrath Colleen B. , Shreves Alaina H. , Shanahan Megan R. , Guard Hannah E. , Nhliziyo Manelisi V. , Pernar Claire H. , Penney Kathryn L. , Lotan Tamara L. , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Mucci Lorelei A. , Stopsack Konrad H.
Published: December 2024

The most common somatic alteration in primary prostate cancer is the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion, which may be caused or promoted by distinct etiologic factors. The objective of this systematic review was to assess epidemiologic evidence on etiologic factors for prostate cancer by tumor TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status in human populations. Of 3071 publications identified, 19 cohort or case–control studies from six distinct study populations were included in this systematic review. Etiologic factors included germline genetic variants, circulating hormones, and dietary and lifestyle factors. Taller height, higher total and free testosterone levels, and fewer trinucleotide repeats in AR were possibly associated with higher risk of TMPRSS2:ERG‐positive prostate cancer. Excess body weight, greater vigorous physical activity, higher lycopene intake, and the use of calcium channel blockers were associated with lower risk of TMPRSS2:ERG‐positive prostate cancer. Diabetes and family history of prostate cancer were associated with both TMPRSS2:ERG‐positive and TMPRSS2:ERG‐negative prostate cancer. Prostate cancer germline variants had suggestive differential associations with TMPRSS2:ERG‐positive or TMPRSS2:ERG‐negative prostate cancer. However, results were based on few distinct study populations and generally had low precision, underscoring the need for replication. In conclusion, prostate cancer with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion is an etiologically distinct subtype that may be, in part, preventable by addressing modifiable and hormonally acting etiologic factors that align with the established mechanistic role of TMPRSS2:ERG in androgen, insulin, antioxidant, and growth factor pathways.
Practical advice for extracellular vesicle isolation in plant–microbe interactions: Concerns, considerations, and conclusions
Authors: Thieron Hannah , Krassini Laura , Kwon Seomun , Fricke Sebastian , Nasfi Sabrine , Oberkofler Lorenz , Ruf Alessa , Kehr Julia , Kogel Karl‐Heinz , Weiberg Arne , Feldbrügge Michael , Robatzek Silke , Panstruga Ralph
Published: December 2024

In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as novel key players in plant–microbe interactions. While it is immensely useful to draw on the established “minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles” (MISEV) guidelines and precedents in mammalian systems, working with plants and their associated microbes poses specific challenges. To navigate researchers through these obstacles, we offer detailed step‐by‐step suggestions for those embarking on EV research in the context of plant–microbe interactions. The advice is based on recent publications and our collective experience from the diverse plant and microbe systems studied in a dedicated research consortium. We provide considerations for experimental design, optimization, quality control, and recommendations on how to increase yield, purity, and reproducibility of EV isolation. With this perspective article, we aim not only to assist researchers in our field but also to promote discussions on plant and microbe EVs in the broader EV community.
Underwater Versus Conventional Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Colorectal Laterally Spreading Tumors: A Post Hoc Analysis of Efficacy
Authors: Le Quang Dinh , Le Nhan Quang , Quach Duc Trong
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (CEMR) for the treatment of colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of UEMR and CEMR in managing LSTs measuring 10–30 mm.

Methods

A post hoc analysis was performed on 88 patients with 88 colorectal LSTs, who were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: 42 with CEMR and 46 with UEMR. The primary outcome was the rate of R0 resection, defined as the absence of neoplastic cells at the resection margin. The secondary outcomes included en bloc resection rates, procedure times, and postprocedural complications. The data were analyzed via chi‐square tests, t tests, and the Mann–Whitney U test where appropriate.

Results

No significant difference was found in the R0 resection rate between UEMR and CEMR. However, UEMR achieved a significantly higher en bloc resection rate, particularly for LSTs ranging from 20 to 30 mm (42.9% for CEMR vs. 100% for UEMR; p = 0.009). Additionally, UEMR resulted in a shorter median procedure time (85.0 s for UEMR vs. 207.5 s for CEMR; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in bleeding complications or the number of clips used between the two groups.

Conclusions

Compared with CEMR, UEMR offers a higher en bloc resection rate and a shorter procedure time, particularly for larger lesions, without increasing the risk of complications. UEMR should be considered a preferred option for managing colorectal LSTs, especially those measuring 20–30 mm.
Utility and safety of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation with small‐incision sphincterotomy for small bile duct stones: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ishida Yuki , Hisa Takeshi , Matsumoto Ryusuke , Nishiyama Shigeru , Kudo Akiharu , Yamada Takahiro , Osera Shozo , Tomori Akihisa , Fukushima Hideki
Published: December 2024

Background

Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) for bile duct stones (BDS) can cause basket impaction with stone, complicating the procedure. In this study, we evaluated the utility and safety of small incision ES combined with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (sES + EPBD) (balloon dilated up to the stone size), compared with ES alone for BDS <12 mm.

Methods

The primary endpoint was the frequency of mechanical lithotripsy (ML), indicating the risk of basket impaction with stone; however, the secondary endpoints were procedure time, successful stone removal, and early adverse events.

Results

A total of 100 patients were randomized into the ES and sES + EPBD groups (n = 50 for each). Significantly fewer cases required ML (20.0% vs. 4.0%, p = .028) in the sES + EPBD group. The maximum short‐axis diameter of the stones in all patients requiring ML in the ES group ranged from 8 to 11 mm. The median procedure time was significantly shorter (18.5 min vs. 17 min, p = .047) in the sES + EPBD group. Both groups showed similar frequencies of successful stone removal in one session (88.0% vs. 98.0%, p = .112) and early adverse events (4.0% vs. 2.0%, p = .62).

Conclusion

In cases of small BDS, sES + EPBD exhibits a low frequency of ML, which shortens procedure time and prevents basket impaction with stones.
Evolutionary Transitions of DNA Replication Origins Between Archaea and Bacteria
Authors: Saranya S. , Prathiviraj R. , Chellapandi P.
Published: December 2024

DNA replication origins play a crucial role in cellular division and are evolutionarily conserved across domains. This study investigated the evolutionary transitions of replication origins between archaea and bacteria by analyzing 2733 bacterial and 257 archaeal genomes. Our findings revealed that certain methanogens and bacteria share phylogenetic proximity, suggesting evolutionary interactions across diverse ecological systems. Evolutionary transitions in replication origins may have occurred between gut methanogens and bacteria, haloarchaea (Halogeometricum borinquense DSM 11551 and Halovivax ruber XH‐70), halobacteria, and sulfur‐reducing archaea. Methanosarcina barkeri (M. barkeri), Methanosaeta thermophila, and Methanococcoides burtonii (M. burtonii) were closely related to respiratory tract bacteria in humans. Methanohalobium evestigatum (M. evestigatum) is strongly linked to the animal gut pathogen Mycoplasma putrefaciens (M. putrefaciens). Several thermophilic hydrogenotrophic methanogens clustered with oral and fish pathogens. Pyrococcus furiosus (P. furiosus) was evolutionarily related to the replication origin of plant pathogens. This study sheds light on the ecological drivers of DNA replication origin evolution and their role in microbial speciation and adaptation. Our findings highlight the influence of mutualistic and parasitic relationships on these evolutionary transitions. It could have significant implications in biotechnology and medicine, such as developing novel antimicrobial strategies and understanding host‐pathogen dynamics.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with six and eight‐strand hamstring tendon autografts produces adequate graft dimensions and functional outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Sun Bryan , Lee Boss , Grad Justin , Cohen Dan , Abouali Jihad , Tapasvi Sachin , Maniar Adit , de SA Darren
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to summarize the graft dimensions, failure rates, return‐to‐sport rates and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with six or eight‐strand hamstring tendon autografts (6SHG or 8SHG).

Methods

Three databases were searched from inception to 12 February 2024. The authors adhered to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All clinical studies reporting patient demographics, objective clinical outcomes and PROMs following ACLR with 6SHG or 8SHG were included for data synthesis. PROMs included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm and Tegner scores.

Results

Thirteen studies comprising 1103 patients were included (mean age: 30.6 years). The transtibial technique was used in all studies, except one study using anatomic ACLR (n = 38), and one study using transtibial and all‐inside ACLR (n = 41). Eight studies comprising 512 patients used 6SHG, four studies comprising 507 patients 8SHG and two studies comprising 97 patients used either. Mean graft diameters ranged from 8.0 to 9.2 mm (6SHG) and 9.1 to 9.9 mm (8SHG). Mean graft lengths for 49 6SHG patients ranged from 60.0 to 83.3 mm. The failure rate for 817 patients (6SHG or 8SHG) was 4.8% (0.0%–20.0%). The return‐to‐sport rate for 112 patients (6SHG or 8SHG) was 75.9% (69.7%–100.0%). Mean IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores for 6SHG or 8SHG were 88.4 (86.1–96.3), 91.7 (90.4–96.5) and 6.9 (6.5–7.3), respectively.

Conclusions

Both 6SHG and 8SHG produced graft diameters <8 mm. Data regarding PROMs suggested good patient satisfaction based on established criteria. Re‐rupture and return‐to‐sport rates were 4.8% and 75.9%, respectively.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Deciphering Characteristics of Bacterial Diversity and Potential Function in Acidic Soils of Jiaodong Peninsula, China
Authors: Rong Fangxu , Liu Jing , Hou Guoqin , Wang Guizhen , Li Mingyue , Liu Kai , Wazir Zafran Gul , Liu Hongliang , Liu Aiju , Xu Yuzhi
Published: December 2024

Soil acidification globally stressed agricultural production and food security. Jiaodong Peninsula, an important agricultural area of China, is also experiencing a serious soil acidity problem. However, There is limited knowledge regarding the differences of microbial diversity and functions in acidic soils in relation to land uses. Here, bacterial diversity and functions were compared between orchard and farmland soils of the Jiaodong region, in addition to soil progressive acidification. The results demonstrated that compared to farmland soils (pH is 5.36 average), orchard soils with an average pH of 4.70 faced a more serious acidic problem, which were characterized by lower nitrogen availability and a higher total phosphorus content. Yet, no significant differences were found in bacterial community diversity and taxa composition between the two landuse soils. While, the specific predominant taxa, such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, were more abundant in orchard soils than in farmland soils. Similarly, for most network parameters (such as node, edge, modularity), the higher values were gotten in orchard soils than farmland soils. By contrast, the progressive acidification of soil had a more significant impact on the structure and diversity of the bacterial community. The further statistical analysis indicated that except of soil pH, soil total phosphorus and nitrogen availability were also top factors shaping the bacterial communities' interaction. Based on predicted functional profiles, the function gene related to amino acid metabolism was higher enrichment in farmland soils than orchard soils, which was similar to most different functional categories between both soils except of amino acid transport and metabolism. Our results suggest that compared to soil pH controlling bacterial community structure and diversity, agricultural practices related to land use might regulate microbial activities involved in nutrients cycle in acidic soils of Jiaodong Peninsula.
Decoupling the Conductivity–Fluorescence Tradeoff of SnO2 Nanocrystals for Efficient and Stable Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xia Xueqing , Chen Xingtong , Xie Jiachen , Li Xinrui , Chen Song
Published: December 2024

Electron‐transporting layers (ETLs) assembled from SnO2 nanocrystals show promise in addressing the stability issues faced by solution‐processed quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, the electrical conductivity of SnO2 nanocrystals bottlenecks QLED performance, and efforts to achieve effective n‐type doping are constrained by dopant availability and charge‐induced exciton quenching. In response, Sb‐doped SnO2 nanocrystals with doping concentrations less than 1 mol% are explored, a range overlooked in previous research, and the ETL is designed accordingly. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that 0.45 mol% Sb doping transitions the electrical conduction from trap‐limited to trap‐free space‐charge‐limited, and 0.84 mol% doping results in Ohmic conduction, along with a 100‐fold conductivity enhancement. Meanwhile, trap‐filling mitigates the fluorescence quenching of the colloidal quantum dots, with significant increases only observed when doping concentrations exceed 0.45 mol%. Drawing inspiration from these findings, a SnO2 ETL with gradient Sb doping levels for QLEDs to decouple the conductivity–fluorescence tradeoff is developed. Consequently, this ZnO‐free QLED significantly outperforms comparable devices, achieving a luminance of 2.8 × 105 cd m−2, an external quantum efficiency of 18.3%, and a T95 operational lifetime of 4320 h at 1000 cd m−2, all while showing no signs of positive aging.
Compounds Containing 2,3‐Bis(phenylamino) Quinoxaline Exhibit Activity Against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Their Biofilms
Authors: Padalino Gilda , Duggan Katrina , Mur Luis A. J. , Maillard Jean‐Yves , Brancale Andrea , Hoffmann Karl F.
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial resistance remains a global issue, hindering the control of bacterial infections. This study examined the antimicrobial properties of 2,3‐N,N‐diphenyl quinoxaline derivatives against Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative, and Mycobacterium species. Two quinoxaline derivatives (compounds 25 and 31) exhibited significant activity against most strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis tested, with MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/L. These compounds also showed effective antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin‐resistant E. faecium/E. faecalis (VRE) strains. They demonstrated comparable or superior activity to four current antibiotics (vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, and linezolid) against a wide range of clinically relevant isolates. Additionally, they were more effective in preventing S. aureus and E. faecalis biofilm formation compared to several other antibiotics. In summary, these two quinoxaline derivatives have potential as new antibacterial agents.
Research on the Conditions and Operational Strategies of the Retailer's Participation in Omnichannel Returns Cooperation
Authors: Zheng Yanyan , Zhang Jin , Wang Tieshan , Wang Nengmin
Published: December 2024

In the context of online retailing, many e‐commerce platforms have begun to explore omnichannel returns cooperation modes that are practical and satisfy consumers' offline channel preferences in response to the rising online return rate and the growth of consumer preference for returning products to physical stores. The purpose of this paper is to investigate what conditions the offline retailer will choose to participate in an omnichannel returns cooperation strategy and how the cooperation brings value to both sides of the alliance. Based on the consideration of consumers' differentiated purchase and return modes and whether the retailer participates in omnichannel returns cooperation, this paper first derives the consumer utility functions for the buy online and return online (BORO) mode, the buy offline and return offline (BS) mode, and the buy online and return in store (BORS) mode before and after the omnichannel returns cooperation. This paper then constructs profit expressions for an online e‐commerce platform and offline retailer before and after omnichannel returns cooperation and further explores the conditions and value of the offline retailer's willingness to participate in omnichannel returns cooperation. According to the study, the following interesting and important conclusions have been drawn. First, the participation of the offline brick‐and‐mortar retailer in an omnichannel returns strategy can introduce a new channel, which can help facilitate the integration of online and offline channels. Second, when the proportion of the online‐type consumer is low, the larger the critical point of composite return cross‐selling benefit required by the offline brick‐and‐mortar retailer, the lower the equilibrium price caused by their participation in omnichannel returns cooperation. Third, when the proportion of online‐type consumer exceeds a certain threshold and the online return cost of consumers is less than the offline return cost can the brick‐and‐mortar retailer enhance the return service experience to attract consumers and thus further increase profits. In the analyses of retail operations, these findings can offer guidance for the implementation of omnichannel returns and the development of appropriate operational plans for the physical business. The conclusions can provide directional suggestions for brick‐and‐mortar retailers to conduct omnichannel return practices and help formulate reasonable strategies for new retail operations.