bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific Learning Disabilities
Authors: Uduigwome George
Published: October 2019

This chapter discusses best practices in providing supports for students diagnosed with reading (dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), and spelling (dysorthographia) deficits. It examines some impacts of these and associated conditions on learning. The recommended strategies for leveraging learning for the identified population are all evidence-based. Per the author, early intervention is key to providing students with learning disabilities a meaningful learning experience. An early intervention involves the use of multiple measures to diagnose a student's present level of performance primarily with a view to finding strengths (Strengths can be used to mitigate deficits) and learning gaps, utilizing evidence-based systematic instruction delivered with treatment fidelity, and an ongoing progress monitoring.
#UrbanLivesMatter
Authors: Webster Nicole , Coffey Heather , Ash Anthony
Published: October 2019

In an era marked by major political and social change, teachers of urban students must be prepared to engage and appreciate an ever-changing demographic of learners who come from backgrounds different from their own. In this chapter, we discuss the need for professional development embedded in culturally responsive teaching, multicultural education, and critical literacy, all of which have the power to incite social action. We posit that social action has the potential to empower and engage urban learners in meaningful ways. We believe this work fills the gap that exists in the literature regarding urban education and social and political movements
A Comparison of “Inclusiveness” in Two Liberal Arts Catholic Universities
Authors: Ford Theron N. , Glimps Blanche Jackson
Published: October 2019

The Catholic Church has been a major player in the field of education, both nationally and internationally. Numerous religious orders, such as the Jesuits, Felicians, created higher education institutions. Such institutions afforded college education to first-generation students and were a ladder for upward mobility. A perception lingers of Catholic institutions being an exemplar of Christian values of love, acceptance and social justice. In reality, some institutions are far more successful in actualizing those values. This chapter looks retrospectively at Madonna University and compares it to John Carroll University to highlight differences in how each has dealt with the issue of inclusiveness. While each of the institutions is a single instance within the Catholic higher education community, there are still lessons we may take from this examination that intersect with issues related to religion, gender and inclusiveness.
Energy-Efficient Routing for WSNs
Authors: Padmapriya N.  , Kumaratharan N. , Aswini R.
Published: October 2019

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a gathering of sensor hubs that powerfully self-sort themselves into a wireless system without the use of any previous framework. One of the serious issues in WSNs is the energy consumption, whereby the system lifetime is subject to this factor. Energy-efficient routing is viewed as the most testing errand. Sensor organizes for the most part work in perplexing and dynamic situations and directing winds up repetitive assignment to keep up as the system measure increments. This chapter portrays the structure of wireless sensor network the analysis and study of different research works identified with energy-efficient routing in wireless sensor networks. Along these lines, to beat all the routing issues, the pattern has moved to biological-based algorithms like swarm intelligence-based strategies. Ant colony optimization-based routing protocols have shown outstanding outcomes as far as execution when connected to WSN routing.
Which Competitive Strategy Fits Better to Different Family-Business Profiles?
Authors: González-Cruz Tomás F. , Roig-Tierno Norat
Published: October 2019

This chapter belongs to the vein of research that analyses family firms from a configurational approach. This survey explores which combination of competitive strategy, environmental turbulence, family complexity, and family firm management and governance arrangements are present when firm performance is present. This research follows Le Breton-Miller and Miller's call to gain a better understanding of the interaction between competitive strategy, environmental conditions, and family firm features. Literature reports controversial results with regard to family-business strategic preferences and firm performance, and recent research shows that this relationship needs considering both industry and family context. This chapter analyses a sample of 129 Spanish SME-Family-Business that belong to the tourism industry. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, the authors find seven configurations to firm performance presence and one recipe for performance absence.
The Influence of Fires on Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Pasko Olga Anatolievna , Kovyavin Vasily Fedorovich , Lebedeva Nadezhda Anatolyevna
Published: October 2019

The chapter focuses on the role of fire as an environmental factor affecting the components of the forest ecosystem. The classification of forest fires according to the fire location in the forest ecosystem is given. Negative impact of fire on communities and people, components of forest ecosystems: a phytocoenosis (the forest under-growth, understory, ground cover), tocinos (animal world), klimatop (atmosphere and climate) and adatom (topography and soil) are discussed. The role of fire as a factor of organisms and natural ecosystems' evolution in general is studied. The problems of forest restoration on fires (fumes) are considered. Research established that the degree of damage to the ecosystem components and social consequences depend on the forest fire type, natural conditions, and forest conditions of the region.
Canada, résultats de la 32è élection fédérale, le 18 février 1980
Authors:   Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada
Published: October 2019

Contained within the 5th Edition (1978 to 1995) of the National Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the election results with Federal Electoral Districts coloured by the winning party. Matching table lists for each federal electoral district: member elected
member's party, voting data, and party holding the seat at dissolution. Inset maps depict areas with large numbers of electoral ridings.
Geothermal logging of RA-4 (Atikokan) and URL boreholes 1979-1983
Authors: Drury M
Published: October 2019

Temperature logs have been obtained since 1979 in four boreholes at RA- 4, Atikokan, and in seventeen boreholes at the proposed Underground Research Laboratory site, Lac du Bonnet. The purpose was to detect and characterise fractures that could allow the movement
underground of water. All logs have shown one or more of the thermal signatures of the effects of water in fractures, which suggests that water flow in fractures may be a widespread phenomenon in crystalline rocks of the Canadian Shield. Data from ATK- 3 and ATK-4 suggest that fractures can become
open or closed to water flow for some time after drilling ends. The large amount of data from the URL holes permits an interpretation in the form of fracture zone mapping. Three zones are postulated for the north-eastern section of the URL area: one that is ill- defined, centred approximately on 100
m depth; one that dips to the east at approximately 18°, and occurs at approximately 230 - 240 mat the proposed shaft location, and one that dips to the east at 14° and occurs at 250 - 260 m at this location. Ambiguities in interpretation of some of the logs emphasise the need for a
carefully scheduled sequence of temperature logs of a hole, beginning immediately upon the end of drilling.
Predicted and measured seismic velocities and densities in rock samples from Chalk River, Ontario
Authors: Wright C , Kamieni D C
Published: October 2019

The intrinsic velocities of P waves in the rock samples of gneiss and monzonite taken from a borehole at Chalk River, Ontario, were calculated from the modal analyses and estimates of mineral velocities given in the literature. These velocities are systematically
higher by about 0.5 jk/s than the velocities measured in the laboratory at 2.5 kb by Simmon et al. (1978); they are probably better approximations to the intrinsic values than the laboratory measurements, because of the presence of residual porosity in rock cores at 2.5 kb. The calculated intrinsic
velocities and the measured densities are well correlated and show a distinct layered structure that is barely resolvable in the velocities measured at 2.5 kb, and is absent in other velocity data. The degree of correlation between various sets of velocities and densities has been investigated and
interpreted in terms of the relative contributions of mineralogical variations, crack parameters and observational errors. In spite of the large scatter of the borehole log velocities, approximate crack densities estimated from them show a weak but statistically significant correlation (0.39 +/-
0.07) with the distribution of observed fractures in the drill cores.
A large 10 MHz array for radio astronomy
Authors: Galt J A , Purton C R , Scheuer P A G
Published: October 2019

A large array-type transit radio telescope for frequencies near 10 MHz is described. It is built in the shape of a horizontal 'T' and consists of 400 half-wave dipoles suspended from wooden poles above a reflecting screen. The voltages from the two arms of the
'T' are multiplied, giving the instrument a pencil beam response. It has a collecting area of 192,000 m2 , and when used with a bandwidth of 8 KHz, can detect sources to a flux limit of 70 X 10-26Wm-2Hz-1 The beamwidth is 2?6 X 2?4 at the zenith. An elaborate phasing system is employed which allows
observations at many different declinations simultaneously. Fluxes have been mcasured with this instrument for 166 astronomiral sources and a map of the galactic radiation has been prepared.
Motor lumbosacral radiculopathy in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Moodley Kaminie , Bill Pierre L.A. , Patel Vinod B.
Published: October 2019

Background: This study is a review of the clinical findings and treatment outcome of 11 HIV-infected patients with motor lumbosacral radiculopathy.Objectives: To describe the clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological features and treatment outcome in HIV-infected motor lumbosacral radiculopathy which is a rare manifestation of HIV.Method: A retrospective review of HIV-infected patients with motor lumbosacral radiculopathy was performed at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH), Durban, South Africa between 2010 and 2015.Results: Eleven black African patients met the inclusion criteria. There were six women. The median age was 29 years, the interquartile range (IQR) was 23–41 years, the median duration of symptom progression was 6.5 months (IQR 3–7.5 months). The median CD4 count was 327 cells/µL (IQR 146–457). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) median polymorphocyte count was 0 cells/µL (IQR 0 cells/µL – 2 cells/µL), lymphocyte count was 16 cells/µL (IQR 1 cells/µL – 18 cells/µL), glucose level was 3.1 mmol/L (IQR 2.8 mmol/L – 3.4 mmol/L) and protein level was 1.02 g/dL (IQR 0.98 g/dL – 3.4 g/dL). All patients were treated with corticosteroid therapy. Ninety-one per cent recovered fully within 6 months of treatment, the median time for recovery was 3.4 months (IQR 1.8–5.6 months). There were no relapses during the 18-month follow-up.Conclusion: HIV-infected patients with motor lumbosacral radiculopathy responded to corticosteroids, with no relapses during the 18-month follow-up period.
Shoulder assessment and treatment according to Cyriax
Authors: Sweatman Dorothy
Published: October 2019

If correct diagnosis of the shoulder joint is made true and effective, treatment can be carried out by physiotherapy, in conjunction with a medical practitioner.
Small-scale structure of thermodynamic phase in Arctic mixed-phase clouds observed by airborne remote sensing during a cold air outbreak and a warm air advection event
Authors: Ruiz-Donoso Elena , Ehrlich André , Schäfer Michael , Jäkel Evelyn , Schemann Vera , Crewell Susanne , Mech Mario , Kulla Birte Solveig , Kliesch Leif-Leonard , Neuber Roland , Wendisch Manfred
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The synergy between airborne lidar, radar, passive microwave, and passive imaging spectrometer measurements was used to characterize the vertical and small-scale (down to 10 m) horizontal distribution of the cloud thermodynamic phase. Two case studies of low-level Arctic clouds in a cold air outbreak and a warm air advection observed during the Arctic Cloud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) were investigated. Both clouds exhibited the typical vertical mixed-phase structure with mostly liquid water droplets at cloud top and ice crystals in lower layers. The cloud top horizontal small-scale variability observed during the cold air outbreak is dominated by the liquid water close to the cloud top and shows no indication of ice in lower cloud layers. Contrastingly, the cloud top variability of the case observed during a warm air advection showed some ice in areas of low reflectivity or cloud holes. Radiative transfer simulations considering homogeneous mixtures of liquid water droplets and ice crystals were able to reproduce the horizontal variability of this warm air advection. To account for more realistic vertical distributions of the thermodynamic phase, large eddy simulations (LES) were performed to reconstruct the observed cloud properties and were used as input for radiative transfer simulations. The simulations of the cloud observed during the cold air outbreak, with mostly liquid water at cloud top, realistically reproduced the observations. For the warm air advection case, the simulated cloud field underestimated the ice water content (IWC). Nevertheless, it revealed the presence of ice particles close to the cloud top and confirmed the observed horizontal variability of the cloud field. It is concluded that the cloud top small-scale horizontal variability reacts to changes in the vertical distribution of the cloud thermodynamic phase. Passive satellite-borne imaging spectrometer observations with pixel sizes larger than 100 m miss the small-scale cloud top structures, which limits their capabilities to provide indications about the cloud vertical structure.
Strong atmospheric new particle formation in winter, urban Shanghai, China
Authors: Xiao S. , Wang M. Y. , Yao L. , Kulmala M. , Zhou B. , Yang X. , Chen J. M. , Wang D. F. , Fu Q. Y. , Worsnop D. R. , Wang L.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Particle size distributions in the range of 1.34–615.3 nm were recorded from 25 November 2013 to 25 January 2014 in urban Shanghai, using a combination of one nano Condensation Nucleus Counter system (nCNC), one nano-Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), and one long-SMPS. Measurements of sulfur dioxide by an SO2 analyzer with pulsed UV fluorescence technique allowed calculation of sulfuric acid proxy. In addition, concentrations of ammonia were recorded with a Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS). During this 62-day campaign, 13 NPF events were identified with strong burst of sub-3 nm particles and subsequent fast growth of newly formed particles. The observed nucleation rate (J1.34), formation rate of 3 nm particles (J3), and condensation sink (CS) were 112.4–271.0 cm−3 s−1, 2.3–19.2 cm−3 s−1, and 0.030–0.10 s−1, respectively. Subsequent cluster/nanoparticle growth showed a clear size dependence, with average values of GR1.35~1.39 (from the bin of 1.34–1.37 nm to the bin of 1.37–1.41 nm), GR1.39~1.46 (from 1.37–1.41 to 1.41–1.52 nm), GR1.46~1.70 (from 1.41–1.52 to 1.52–1.89 nm), GR1.70~2.39 (from 1.52–1.89 to 1.89–3.0 nm), GR2.39~7 (from 1.89–3.0 to 7 nm), and GR7~20 (from 7 to 20 nm) being 1.6 ± 1.0, 1.4 ± 2.2, 7.2 ± 7.1, 9.0 ± 11.4, 10.9 ± 9.8, and 11.4 ± 9.7 nm h−1, respectively. Correlation between nucleation rate (J1.34) and sulfuric acid proxy indicates that nucleation rate J1.34 was proportional to a 0.64 power of sulfuric acid proxy. Correlation between nucleation rate (J1.34) and gas-phase ammonia suggests that ammonia was associated with NPF events. The calculated sulfuric acid proxy was sufficient to explain the subsequent growth of 1.34–3 nm particles, but insufficient for particles exceeding this size range. Qualitatively, NPF events in urban Shanghai likely occur on days with low levels of PM2.5.
Combined use of volume radar observations and high-resolution numerical weather predictions to estimate precipitation at the ground: methodology and proof of concept
Authors: Le Bastard Tony , Caumont Olivier , Gaussiat Nicolas , Karbou Fatima
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The extrapolation of the precipitation to the ground from radar reflectivities measured at the beam altitude is one of the most delicate phases of radar data processing for producing quantitative precipitation estimations (QPEs) and remains a major scientific issue. In many operational meteorological services such as Météo-France, a vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction is uniformly applied over a large part or the entire radar domain. This method is computationally efficient, and the overall bias induced by the bright band is most of the time well corrected. However, this way of proceeding is questionable in situations with high spatial and vertical variability of precipitation (during the passage of a cold front or in a complex terrain, for example). This study initiates from two statements: first, radars provide information on precipitation with a high spatio-temporal resolution but still require VPR corrections to extrapolate rain rates at the ground level. Second, the horizontal resolution of some numerical weather prediction (NWP) models is now comparable with the radar one, and their dynamical core and microphysics schemes allow the production of realistic
simulations of VPRs. The present paper proposes a new approach to assess surface rainfall from radar reflectivity aloft by exploiting simulated VPRs and rainfall forecasts from the high-resolution NWP model AROME-NWC. To our knowledge, this is the first time that simulated precipitation profiles from an NWP model are used to derive radar QPEs. The implementation of the new method on two stratiform situations provided significant improvements on the hourly and 6 h accumulations compared to the operational QPEs, showing the relevance of this new approach.
CO2 and CH4 budgets and global warming potential modifications in Sphagnum-dominated peat mesocosms invaded by Molinia caerulea
Authors: Leroy Fabien , Gogo Sébastien , Guimbaud Christophe , Bernard-Jannin Léonard , Yin Xiaole , Belot Guillaume , Shuguang Wang , Laggoun-Défarge Fatima
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Plant communities play a key role in regulating
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in peatland ecosystems and therefore in their
ability to act as carbon (C) sinks. However, in response to global change, a
shift from Sphagnum-dominated to vascular-plant-dominated peatlands may occur, with a
potential alteration in their C-sink function. To investigate how the main
GHG fluxes (CO2 and CH4) are affected by a plant community change
(shift from dominance of Sphagnum mosses to vascular plants, i.e., Molinia caerulea), a mesocosm
experiment was set up. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration
(ER) and CH4 emission models were used to estimate the annual C balance
and global warming potential under both vegetation covers. While the ER and
CH4 emission models estimated an output of, respectively, 376±108 and 7±4 g C m−2 yr−1 in Sphagnum mesocosms, this reached 1018±362 and 33±8 g C m−2 yr−1 in mesocosms with
Sphagnum rubellum and Molinia caerulea. Annual modeled GPP was estimated at -414±122 and -1273±482 g C m−2 yr−1 in Sphagnum and Sphagnum + Molinia plots, respectively, leading
to an annual CO2 and CH4 budget of −30 g C m−2 yr−1 in
Sphagnum plots and of −223 g C m−2 yr−1 in Sphagnum + Molinia ones (i.e., a C sink).
Even if CH4 emissions accounted for a small part of the gaseous C efflux (ca. 3 %), their global warming potential value makes both plant
communities have a climate warming effect. The shift of vegetation from
Sphagnum mosses to Molinia caerulea seems beneficial for C sequestration at a gaseous level.
However, roots and litter of Molinia caerulea could provide substrates for C emissions that
were not taken into account in the short measurement period studied here.
Plateaus and jumps in the atmospheric radiocarbon record – Potential origin and value as global age markers for glacial-to-deglacial paleoceanography, a synthesis
Authors: Sarnthein Michael , Küssner Kevin , Grootes Pieter M. , Ausin Blanca , Eglinton Timothy , Muglia Juan , Muscheler Raimund , Schlolaut Gordon
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Changes in the geometry of ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) are crucial in controlling changes of climate and the carbon inventory of the atmosphere. However, the precise timing and global correlation of short-term glacial-to-deglacial changes of MOC in different ocean basins still present a major challenge. A possible solution is offered by the fine structure of jumps and plateaus in the record of radio-carbon (14C) concentration of the atmosphere and surface ocean that reflects changes in atmospheric 14C production as well as in the 14C exchange between air and sea and within the ocean. Boundaries of atmospheric 14C plateaus in the 14C record of Lake Suigetsu, now tied to Hulu U/Th model-ages instead of optical varve counts, provide a stratigraphic "rung ladder" of ~30 age tie points from 29 to 10 ka for correlation with and dating of planktic oceanic 14C records. The age difference between contemporary planktic and atmospheric 14C plateaus gives an estimate of the global distribution of 14C reservoir ages for surface waters of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and deglacial Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS-1), as shown by 19 planktic 14C records. Clearly elevated and variable reservoir ages mark both high-latitude sites covered by sea ice and/or meltwater and upwelling regions. 14C ventilation ages of LGM deep waters reveal opposed geometries of Atlantic and Pacific MOC. Similar to today, Atlantic deep-water formation went along with an estuarine inflow of old abyssal waters from the Southern Ocean up to the northern North Pacific and an outflow of upper deep waters. Vice versa, 14C ventilation ages suggest a reversed MOC during early HS-1 and a ~1500 year long flushing of the deep North Pacific up to the South China Sea, when estuarine circulation geometry marked the North Atlantic, gradually starting near 19 ka. Elevated 14C ventilation ages of LGM deep waters reflect a major drawdown of carbon from the atmosphere. Inversely, the subsequent massive age drop and change in MOC induced two major events of carbon release to the atmosphere as recorded in Antarctic ice cores, shifts that highlight the significance of ocean MOC for atmospheric CO2 and its 14C inventory. These new features of MOC and the carbon cycle offer a challenge to model simulations that, in part because of insufficient spatial model resolution and reference data for testing the model results, still poorly reproduce them.
Decomposability of soil organic matter over time: The Soil Incubation Database (SIDb, version 1.0) and guidance for incubation procedures
Authors: Schädel Christina , Beem-Miller Jeffrey , Aziz Rad Mina , Crow Susan E. , Hicks Pries Caitlin , Ernakovich Jessica , Hoyt Alison M. , Plante Alain , Stoner Shane , Treat Claire C. , Sierra Carlos A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The magnitude of carbon (C) loss to the atmosphere via microbial decomposition is a function of the amount of C stored in soils, the quality of the organic matter, and physical, chemical and biological factors that comprise the environment for decomposition. The decomposability of C is commonly assessed by laboratory soil incubation studies that measure greenhouse gases mineralized from soils under controlled conditions. Here, we introduce the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb) version 1.0, a compilation of time series data from incubations, structured into a new, publicly available database of C flux (carbon dioxide, CO2, or methane, CH4). In addition to open access, the SIDb project also provides a platform for the development of tools for reading and analysis of incubation data as well as documentation for future use and development. In addition to introducing SIDb, we provide reporting guidance for database entry and the required variables that incubation studies need at minimum to be included in SIDb. A key application of this synthesis effort is to better characterize soil C processes in Earth system models, which will in turn reduce our uncertainty in predicting the response of soil C decomposition to a changing climate. We demonstrate a framework to fit curves to a number of incubation studies from diverse ecosystems, depths, and organic matter content using a built-in model development module that integrates SIDb with the existing SoilR package to estimate soil C pools from time series data. The database will help bridge the gap between site-level measurements, which are commonly used in incubation studies, and global remote-sensed data or data products derived from models aimed at assessing global-scale rates of decomposition and C turnover. The SIDb, version 1.0, is archived and publicly available at DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470459 (Sierra et al., 2019) and the database is managed under a version-controlled system and centrally stored in GitHub (https://github.com/SoilBGC-Datashare/sidb).
Gridded global surface ozone metrics for atmospheric chemistry model evaluation
Authors: Sofen E. D. , Bowdalo D. , Evans M. J. , Apadula F. , Bonasoni P. , Cupeiro M. , Ellul R. , Galbally I. E. , Girgzdiene R. , Luppo S. , Mimouni M. , Nahas A. C. , Saliba M. , Tørseth K. ,   all other contributors to WMO GAW, EPA AQS, EPA CASTNET, CAPMON, NAPS, AirBase, EMEP, EANET ozone datasets
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The concentration of ozone at the Earth's surface is measured at many locations across the globe for the purposes of air quality monitoring and atmospheric chemistry research. We have brought together all publicly available surface ozone observations from online databases from the modern era to build a consistent dataset for the evaluation of chemical transport and chemistry-climate (Earth System) models for projects such as the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative and Aer-Chem-MIP. From a total dataset of approximately 6600 sites and 500 million hourly observations from 1971–2015, approximately 2200 sites and 200 million hourly observations pass screening as high-quality sites in regional background locations that are appropriate for use in global model evaluation. There is generally good data volume since the start of air quality monitoring networks in 1990 through 2013. Ozone observations are biased heavily toward North America and Europe with sparse coverage over the rest of the globe. This dataset is made available for the purposes of model evaluation as a set of gridded metrics intended to describe the distribution of ozone concentrations on monthly and annual timescales. Metrics include the moments of the distribution, percentiles, maximum daily eight-hour average (MDA8), SOMO35, AOT40, and metrics related to air quality regulatory thresholds. Gridded datasets are stored as netCDF-4 files and are available to download from the British Atmospheric Data Centre (doi:10.5285/08fbe63d-fa6d-4a7a-b952-5932e3ab0452). We provide recommendations to the ozone measurement community regarding improving metadata reporting to simplify ongoing and future efforts in working with ozone data from disparate networks in a consistent manner.
Hillslope denudation and morphologic response across a rock uplift gradient
Authors: Godard Vincent , Hippolyte Jean-Claude , Cushing Edward , Espurt Nicolas , Fleury Jules , Bellier Olivier , Ollivier Vincent , Team ASTER
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Documenting the spatial variability of tectonic processes from topography is routinely undertaken through the analysis of river profiles, as a direct relationship between fluvial gradient and rock uplift has been identified by incision models. Similarly, theoretical formulations of hillslope profiles predict a strong dependence on uplift rates. However, the reduced sensitivity of near-threshold hillslopes and the limited availability of high resolution topographic data, has often been a major limitation for their use to investigate tectonic gradients. Here we combined high resolution analysis of hillslope morphology and cosmogenic nuclides derived denudation rates to unravel the distribution of rock uplift across a blind thrust system at the Southwestern Alpine front in France. Our study is located in the Valensole Mio-Pliocene molassic basin, where a series of fold and thrust has deformed a plateau surface. We focused on a series of catchments aligned perpendicular to the main structures. Using a 1-m LiDAR Digital Terrain Model, we extracted hillslopes topographic properties such as hilltop curvature CHT or non-dimensional erosion rates E*. We observed a systematic variation of these metrics coincident with the location of a major underlying thrust system identified by seismic surveys. Using a simple deformation model, the inversion of the E* pattern allows to propose a location and dip for a blind thrust, which are consistent with available geological and geophysical data. We also sampled clasts from eroding conglomerate at several hilltops locations for 10Be and 26Al concentration measurement. Calculated hilltops denudation rates range from 40 to 120 mm/ka. These denudation rates appear to be correlated with E* and CHT extracted from the morphological analysis, and are used to derive absolute estimates for the fault slip rate. This high resolution hillslope analysis allows to resolve short wavelength variations in rock uplift, that would not be possible to unravel using commonly used channel profiles based methods. Our joint analysis of topography and geochronological data supports active thrusting at the Southwestern alpine front, and such approaches may bring crucial complementary constraints to morphotectonic analysis for slip rates on slow active faults.
Seismic location and tracking of snow avalanches and slush flows on Mt. Fuji, Japan
Authors: Pérez-Guillén Cristina , Tsunematsu Kae , Nishimura Kouichi , Issler Dieter
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Avalanches are often released at the dormant stratovolcano Mt. Fuji, which is the highest mountain of Japan (3776 m a.s.l.). These avalanches exhibit different flow types from dry-snow avalanches in winter to slush flows triggered by heavy rainfall in late winter to early spring. Avalanches from different flanks represent a major natural hazard as they can reach large dimensions with run-out distances up to 4 km, destroy parts of the forest, and sometimes damage infrastructure. To monitor the volcanic activity of Mt. Fuji, a permanent and dense seismic network is installed around the volcano. The small distance between the seismic sensors and the volcano flank (<10 km) allowed us to detect numerous avalanche events from the seismic recordings and locate them in time and space. We present the detailed analysis of three avalanche or slush flow periods in the winters of 2014, 2016, and 2018. The largest events (size class 4–5) are detected by the seismic network at maximum distances of about 15 km, and medium-size events (size class 3–4) within a radius of 9 km. To localize the seismic events, we used the automated approach of amplitude source location (ASL) based on the decay of the seismic amplitudes with distance from the moving flow. The recorded amplitudes at each station have to be corrected by the site amplification factors, which are estimated by the coda method using data from local earthquakes. Our results show the feasibility of tracking the flow path of avalanches and slush flows with considerable precision (on the order of magnitude of 100 m) and thus estimating information such as the approximate run-out distance and the average front speed of the flows, which are usually poorly known. To estimate the precision of the seismic tracking, we analyzed aerial photos of the release area and determined the flow path and run-out distance, estimated the release volume from the meteorological records, and conducted numerical simulations with Titan2D to reconstruct the dynamics of the flow. The precision as a function of time is deduced from the comparison with the numerical simulations, showing mean location errors ranging between 85 and 271 m. The average front speeds estimated seismically, which ranged from 27 to 51 m s−1, are consistent with the numerically predicted speeds. In addition, we deduced two scaling relationships based on seismic parameters to quantify the size of the mass flow events. Our results are indispensable for assessing avalanche risk in the Mt. Fuji region as seismic records are often the only available dataset for this natural hazard. The approach presented here could be applied in the development of an early-detection and location system for avalanches based on seismic sensors.
Analysis of oxygen isotopes of inorganic phosphate
(δ18Op) in freshwater: A detailed method description
Authors: Nisbeth Catharina Simone , Tamburini Federica , Kidmose Jacob , Jessen Søren , O'Connell David William
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The ability to identify the origin of phosphorus is essential to effectively mitigate eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems. The oxygen isotope composition of orthophosphate (δ18Op) has been suggested to have a significant prospective as a tracer for P entering freshwater ecosystems. The δ18Op tracing method is, however, still in its preliminary stages and has proven challenging to implement for new practitioners. In order to achieve progress in developing the application of δ18Op signatures as a tracing tool, there is a need to eliminate the methodological challenges involved in accurately determining δ18Op. This technical note describes the various steps needed to concentrate and isolate orthophosphate in freshwater samples into an adequately pure analyte (Ag3PO4), without isotopic alteration during processing. The protocol compiles the disperse experiences from previous studies, combined with our own experience.
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH (AOD) DERIVED FROM LONGTERM (1980–2018) MERRA-2 OVER GUANGDONG
Authors: Kuang Q. , Wang Y. P.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This paper presents and compares the aerosol optical depth (AOD) spatial-temporal characteristics over five subsets in different locations of Guangdong, as well as Hong Kong and Macau (GDHM) since reform and opening-up. By means of GIS analysis tools and subset the onward MERRA-2 monthly mean value aerosol reanalysis dataset to the size of study area, the results reveal that the yearly mean AOD over the whole GDHM ranged from 0.18 to 0.69 during 1980 to 2018. The field average of AOD in five chosen areas approached to 0.40 and appeared linearly increased at 0.0077 per year. All the five selected areas reached their yearly mean AOD peaks at 2007. The field average AOD increased rapidly at 0.028 per year from 1997 till 2007 then appeared decreasing oscillation in a linear slope −0.0109 per year since 2007. But the average AOD of 2010–2018 is higher than the former three decadal averages. Comparing the former and the latter two decades, the high yearly mean AOD value clusters have moved from northern parts of Guangdong to central north Pearl River Delta, where also appeared more apparent AOD yearly change among the other three parts since late 1990s. Only six yearly mean AOD over southern cities of Pearl River estuary were lower than east or west comparing parts in 1980s. Eastern part of Guangdong stayed the lowest yearly mean AOD region in 21years of the past 39 years. Central, southern and western of GDHM had 36 years while northern and western of GDHM had 37 years their AOD values during February to April were the high values of the year.
RESEARCH ON MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A VARIETY OF NONSPHERICAL AEROSOL PARTICLES
Authors: Liu Y. P. , Zhao H. , Zhang H. L. , Wang X. K. , Shu C.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In order to study the environment or climate of an area, it is necessary to understand the composition of atmospheric aerosol particles, as well as microphysical properties, such as extinction cross section, scattering cross section, polarization degree, etc. For a long time, when calculating the microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles, the aerosol particles are always be considered as spheres. Mie theory has been used to calculate the scattering properties of spherical particles with high accuracy. However, in reality, aerosol particles are not only spherical, they have complex composition and different shapes. The influence of non-spherical aerosol particles on atmospheric radiation, scattering and absorption cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the micro-physical characteristics of non-spherical aerosol particles for fully understand the real atmospheric environment. Until now, T-Matrix method is one of the most effective and extensive methods to study the light scattering characteristics of non-sphericalrotationally symmetric aerosol particles. In this paper, the non-spherical aerosol particles extinction section, scattering cross section,the absorption cross section are calculated using T-Matrix method. The extinction, scattering, and the absorption properties arecalculated with variety of different types aerosol particles, and compared with the properties calculated by Mie scattering theory. Itlays a foundation for more accurate simulation of the microphysical properties of aerosol particles in real atmosphere.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE CLOUD HEIGHT AND CLOUD THICKNESS OVER CHINA AND THE ADJACENT AREAS BASED ON CALIOP
Authors: Feng X. , Cai H. K. , Wang B. W. , Li X. M. , Zhang L.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Based on CALIOP data, spatial and temporal distribution of cloud height and thickness over China as well as the adjacent areas have been analysed in this paper. The results show significant regional differences. The heights of clouds that lie to the south of 27.6°N are greater than those to the north of 27.6°N. The highest and thickest clouds are located above the Bay of Bengal and the Western Pacific, while the lowest values distribute in the northwest of the Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan Basin. The clouds ranging from 0.3 km to 0.6 km thickness account for a large proportion of total clouds. And the probability of occurrence of clouds decreases as cloud thickness increases. Overall, within the area under study, the thick clouds are higher than the thin clouds. Besides, low and thin clouds occur more frequently than high and thick clouds. As for their seasonal variation, the height of clouds peaks in summer. In addition, the mean of cloud thickness to the south of 27.6°N is 2.4 km thicker in summer than in any other season.
Alma : le regard engagé de J.-M.G Le Clézio
Authors: Constant Isabelle
Published: October 2019

Les histoires mises bout à bout des personnages qui composent Alma forment à la fois une microhistoire de l’île Maurice et l’histoire de l’héritage de la famille Felsen. Alma, le domaine des Felsen a fait l’objet d’un détournement d’héritage et Dodo, le personnage principal, devenu errant, a été spolié. A travers son destin symbolique, c’est l’histoire de l’île Maurice, les méfaits de la colonisation et les dégâts plus récents de la pollution que dénonce l’auteur. Les thèmes chers à Le Clézio de la mise en lumière des marginaux et des dominés se dessinent à travers les multiples regards de personnages tyrannisés de diverses manières. Par cette histoire composite et qui traverse les siècles, Le Clézio cherche à responsabiliser les humains, comme l’ont fait une longue lignée d’écrivains avant lui, Montesquieu, Condorcet, Voltaire, Camus, en insistant sur le devoir mémoriel, notamment de l’esclavage, et en dénonçant les terribles ravages écologiques et la maltraitance des faibles.
“Nature Shrieking” and Parasitic Wasps: Mark Twain, Theodicy, and the War of Nature
Authors: Bush Harold K.
Published: October 2019

After Susy's untimely demise, Mark and Livy's near obsession with Tennyson's elegy “In Memoriam” was similar to that of many other bereaved parents of the era: it had become the preeminent “grieving book” of the nineteenth century. The poem powerfully captures the growing spiritual disillusionment and uncertainty of the century, and its depiction of the underlying violence of nature foreshadowed Darwin's “war of nature” metaphor in his book On the Origin of Species. This article proceeds into three areas of related interest: first, a brief genealogy of the war of nature metaphor and its use prior to Twain; second, a look at how this concept is manifested in various written works of his; and third, a brief look forward at how the war of nature metaphor has continued to be deployed in literary works after Mark Twain—especially by Cormac McCarthy.
Syntactic and cognitive issues in investigating gendered coreference
Authors: Ackerman Lauren
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a framework for how the multifaceted nature of “gender” (human and linguistic) interacts with grammatical operations such as coreference dependency formation. It frames the question through the lens of English, in which it focuses on how personal names and referents who identify as nonbinary can provide insight into the conceptual representations of gender. Additional data from a variety of modern languages supports a model of how gender might be cognitively represented such that the observed linguistic patterns are available. I propose a three-tiered model of gender that unites grammatical, cognitive, social, and biological aspects and describes how implications of this model might be tested in future work.
Response of ‘Sensação’ peach trees to phosphate fertilization
Authors: Navroski Renan , Barreto Caroline Farias , Ferreira Letícia Vanni , Benati Jorge Atílio , Nava Gilberto , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa
Published: October 2019

Phosphorus is part of several organic compounds in plant metabolism such as nucleotides and phosphoproteins, in addition to participating in metabolism and energy storage. This study aimed to evaluate the response of peach trees cv. Sensação to phosphate fertilization and establish the critical level of this nutrient in soil and leaves. The experiment was conducted in the 2016 and 2017 cycles in a commercial orchard located in Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications. Peach trees were fertilized with increasing doses of phosphorus (P) of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha?1 of P2O5 as triple superphosphate. In the two evaluated cycles, samples of soil at a depth of 0–20 cm and leaves were collected to determine mineral contents. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test (P < 0.05), and when the effects were significant, regression equations were adjusted. P application increased the contents of this nutrient in the soil. Leaf P contents were not affected by fertilization, as well as productivity and yield components. Thus, the critical level of P in soil and peach leaves could not be established. In soils where P contents are classified as medium and high, there is no need to apply this nutrient.
Coalho cheese with incorporated chitosan and as a coating: effect on the viability of Staphylococcus aureus and sensory acceptance
Authors: Barros Dayane de Melo , Moura Danielle Feijó de , Rocha Tamiris Alves , Santos Anderson Emmanuel Silva , Silva Michelle Rose de Oliveira , Ferreira Silvio Assis de Oliveira , Fonte Roberta Albuquerque Bento da , Machado Erilane de Castro Lima
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Coalho cheese is a dairy product typical of the Northeast region of Brazil and widely consumed by the population; however, the poor quality of the raw material used in association with the absence of standardization in the manufacturing process makes it susceptible to microbial contamination, mainly by Staphylococcus aureus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of chitosan as a coating and incorporated in coalho cheese on S. aureus viability and the sensorial acceptance of the cheese. For this, coalho cheeses were made with chitosan in the coating or added to the curds at 5 mg mL-1, 10 mg mL-1 and 15 mg mL-1 and 1 mg g-1, 2 mg g-1 and 4 mg g-1, respectively. Products without chitosan (C) and 1% acetic acid (CA) were used as controls. The bacterial inhibition of chitosan in the artificially contaminated samples was assessed by comparing the viable cell count of S. aureus (ATCC 6538) in each treatment over five time intervals (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 d storage). Product C was evaluated for moisture and fat content. The sensorial and shelf stability analyses were performed with the control and chitosan treated samples at the most efficient antibacterial concentrations. The sensorial analyses were performed with 100 consumers. Chitosan antimicrobial activity was observed in all treatments; however, the highest concentrations of chitosan added as a coating and to the cheese, 15 mg mL-1 and 4 mg g-1, respectively, inhibited S. aureus. The moisture and fat contents met the standards established by the Brazilian legislation. Regarding stability, the samples complied with the regulatory microbiological limits and presented acceptable pH, acidity and water activity values. As far as sensorial acceptance was concerned, the scores corresponded to hedonic concepts between "I liked it slightly" and "I liked it a lot", with an improvement in the texture of the products when chitosan was incorporated. Acceptability values were higher than 70%, except for the taste the products with chitosan covering them, which was 68.3%. It can be inferred from the results that the use of chitosan as a coating and incorporated in coalho cheese is a favourable alternative for the preservation of this product and has potential commercial applicability.
Effects of a reusable progesterone device on conception rates and estrus cycle re-synchronization in Nelore cows
Authors: Cavalieri Fábio Luiz Bim , Burali Pedro Henrique Baeza , Morotti Fábio , Seneda Marcelo Marcondes , Andreazzi Marcia Aparecida , Colombo Antonio Hugo Bezerra
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reuse of an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device during diestrus of Nelore cow embryo recipients in order to improve conception rate, accelerate estrus cycle re-synchronization of non-pregnant animals, and reduce the amount of waste generated by animal breeding biotechnologies. Two experiments were performed using 268 multiparous Nelore cows. In experiment 1, all animals were subjected to a timed embryo transfer (TET) procedure, but at the time of embryo transfer, two treatment groups were established: T1 - the control treatment (N = 132) and T2 - animals receiving a second-use CIDR® device for 12 days (N = 136). Experiment 2 was performed on cows that had not remained pregnant after experiment 1 using two groups: G1 - a control group (N = 69) and G2 -re-synchronized cows that received a P4 device for 12 days for the first TET (N = 74). In experiment 1, no significant effect of the P4 treatment was observed on conception rate (T1 = 37.9%, T2 = 39.7%; P = 0.50) and corpus luteum (CL) diameter (T1 = 17.5 ± 3.4 mm, T2 = 18.1 ± 3.4 mm; P = 0.61). In experiment 2, no significant effect of the treatment was observed on conception rate (G1 = 22.2%, G2 = 35.7%; P = 0.24), recipients utilization rate (G1 = 75.4%, G2 = 70.3%; P = 0.86), and CL diameter (G1 = 17.4 ± 3 mm, G2 = 18.1 ± 3.2 mm; P = 0.27). However, the P4 treatment (for re-synchronization) significantly increased the conception rate (G1 = 22.2%, G2 = 35.7%; P = 0.04), which was similar to that in a conventional TET protocol performed with a new device (38.8%). We conclude that reusable intravaginal P4 devices can help accelerate TET protocols, suggesting an alternative application method; furthermore, this protocol may help reduce waste production in assisted animal breeding.