bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community-based testing of migrants for infectious diseases (COMBAT-ID): impact, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of identifying infectious diseases among migrants in primary care: protocol for an interrupted time-series, qualitative and health economic analysis
Authors: Pareek Manish , Eborall Helen C , Wobi Fatimah , Ellis Kate S , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Zhang Fang , Baggaley Rebecca , Hollingsworth T Deirdre , Baines Darrin , Patel Hemu , Haldar Pranabashis , Patel Mayur , Stephenson Iain , Browne Ivan , Gill Paramjit , Kapur Rajesh , Farooqi Azhar , Abubakar Ibrahim , Griffiths Chris
Published: March 2019

Background

Migration is a major global driver of population change. Certain migrants may be at increased risk of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and have poorer outcomes. Early diagnosis and management of these infections can reduce morbidity, mortality and onward transmission and is supported by national guidelines. To date, screening initiatives have been sporadic and focused on individual diseases; systematic routine testing of migrant groups for multiple infections is rarely undertaken and its impact is unknown. We describe the protocol for the evaluation of acceptability, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an integrated approach to screening migrants for a range of infectious diseases in primary care.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a mixed-methods study which includes an observational cohort with interrupted time-series analysis before and after the introduction of routine screening of migrants for infectious diseases (latent TB, HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C) when first registering with primary care within Leicester, UK. We will assess trends in the monthly number and rate of testing and diagnosis for latent TB, HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C to determine the effect of the policy change using segmented regression analyses at monthly time-points. Concurrently, we will undertake an integrated qualitative sub-study to understand the views of migrants and healthcare professionals to the new testing policy in primary care. Finally, we will evaluate the cost-effectiveness of combined infection testing for migrants in primary care.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has received HRA and NHS approvals for both the interrupted time-series analysis (16/SC/0127) and the qualitative sub-study (16/EM/0159). For the interrupted time-series analysis we will only use fully anonymised data. For the qualitative sub-study, we will gain written, informed, consent. Dissemination of the results will be through local and national meetings/conferences as well as publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Corticolimbic fast-tracking: enhanced multimodal integration in functional neurological disorder
Authors: Diez Ibai , Ortiz-Terán Laura , Williams Benjamin , Jalilianhasanpour Rozita , Ospina Juan Pablo , Dickerson Bradford C , Keshavan Matcheri S , LaFrance Jr W Curt , Sepulcre Jorge , Perez David L
Published: March 2019

Objective

Some individuals with functional neurological disorder (FND) exhibit motor and affective disturbances, along with limbic hyper-reactivity and enhanced motor-limbic connectivity. Given that the multimodal integration network (insula, dorsal cingulate, temporoparietal junction (TPJ)) is implicated in convergent sensorimotor, affective and interoceptive processing, we hypothesised that patients with FND would exhibit altered motor and amygdalar resting-state propagation to this network. Patient-reported symptom severity and clinical outcome were also hypothesised to map onto multimodal integration areas.

Methods

Between-group differences in primary motor and amygdalar nuclei (laterobasal, centromedial) were examined using graph-theory stepwise functional connectivity (SFC) in 30 patients with motor FND compared with 30 healthy controls. Within-group analyses correlated functional propagation profiles with symptom severity and prospectively collected 6-month outcomes as measured by the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms Conversion Disorder subscale and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 composite score. Findings were clusterwise corrected for multiple comparisons.

Results

Compared with controls, patients with FND exhibited increased SFC from motor regions to the bilateral posterior insula, TPJ, middle cingulate cortex and putamen. From the right laterobasal amygdala, the FND cohort showed enhanced connectivity to the left anterior insula, periaqueductal grey and hypothalamus among other areas. In within-group analyses, symptom severity correlated with enhanced SFC from the left anterior insula to the right anterior insula and TPJ; increased SFC from the left centromedial amygdala to the right anterior insula correlated with clinical improvement. Within-group associations held controlling for depression, anxiety and antidepressant use.

Conclusions

These neuroimaging findings suggest potential candidate neurocircuit pathways in the pathophysiology of FND.
Multicentre, population-based, case–control study of particulates, combustion products and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk
Authors: Visser Anne E , D'Ovidio Fabrizio , Peters Susan , Vermeulen Roel CH , Beghi Ettore , Chiò Adriano , Veldink Jan H , Logroscino Giancarlo , Hardiman Orla , van den Berg Leonard H
Published: March 2019

Objective

To investigate whether exposure to particulates and combustion products may explain the association between certain occupations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk in a large, multicentre, population-based, case–control study, based on full job histories, using job-exposure matrices, with detailed information on possible confounders.

Methods

Population-based patients with ALS and controls were recruited from five registries in the Netherlands, Ireland and Italy. Demographics and data regarding educational level, smoking, alcohol habits and lifetime occupational history were obtained using a validated questionnaire. Using job-exposure matrices, we assessed occupational exposure to silica, asbestos, organic dust, contact with animals or fresh animal products, endotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diesel motor exhaust. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for confounding factors were used to determine the association between these exposures and ALS risk.

Results

We included 1557 patients and 2922 controls. Associations were positive for all seven occupational exposures (ORs ranging from 1.13 to 1.73 for high vs never exposed), and significant on the continuous scale for silica, organic dust and diesel motor exhaust (p values for trend ≤0.03). Additional analyses, adding an exposure (one at a time) to the model in the single exposure analysis, revealed a stable OR for silica. We found similar results when patients with a C9orf72 mutation were excluded.

Conclusion

In a large, multicentre study, using harmonised methodology to objectively quantify occupational exposure to particulates and combustion products, we found an association between ALS risk and exposure to silica, independent of the other occupational exposures studied.
Frequency of molecular detection of equine coronavirus in faeces and nasal secretions in 277 horses with acute onset of fever
Authors: Pusterla Nicola , James Kaitlyn , Mapes Samantha , Bain Farifield
Published: March 2019

Context

Due to the inconsistent development of enteric signs associated with ECoV infection in adult horses, many practitioners collect nasal secretions rather than feces for the molecular diagnostic work‐up of such horses.

Main conclusion

ECoV infection should be considered in horses presenting with acute onset of fever, especially when nasal discharge is absent as one of the cardinal clinical sign.

Approach

A total of 277 adult horses with acute onset of fever were enrolled in this study. Feces were tested for ECoV and nasal secretions for common respiratory pathogens (equine herpesvirus (EHV)‐1, EHV‐4, equine influenza virus (EIV), equine rhinitis viruses (ERVs) and Streptococcus equi ss. equi) and ECoV by qPCR. Each submission was accompanied by a questionnaire requesting information pertaining to signalment, use, recent transportation, number of affected horses on the premise and presence of clinical signs at the time of sample collection.

Results

The total number of horses testing qPCR‐positive for ECoV in feces was 20 (7.2%), 4 of which also tested qPCR‐positive for ECoV in nasal secretions. In the same population 9.0% of horses tested qPCR‐positive for EHV‐4, 6.1% for EIV, 4.3% for Streptococcus equi ss. equi, 3.2% for ERVs and 0.7% for EHV‐1. Draft horses, pleasure use, multiple horses affected on a premise and lack of nasal discharge were significantly associated with ECoV qPCR‐positive horses.

Interpretation

The present study results showed that 7.2% of horses with acute onset of fever tested qPCR‐positive for ECoV in feces, highlighting the importance of testing such horses for ECoV in feces. The various prevalence factors associated with ECoV qPCR‐positive status likely relate to the high infectious nature of ECoV and breed‐specific differences in management and husbandry practices.

Significance of findings

ECoV infection should be suspected and tested for in horses presenting with acute onset of fever, lethargy and anorexia with no respiratory signs. A two‐step approach should be consider in which respiratory secretions and feces should be collected from such horses and submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. If the respiratory secretions test negative by qPCR for a panel of respiratory pathogens, feces already submitted to the laboratory should be tested for ECoV.
Long-term studies of lobster abundance at a salmon aquaculture site, eastern Canada
Authors: Grant Jon , Simone Michelle , Daggett Tara
Published: March 2019

Wild lobster (Homarus americanus) abundance was monitored before, during, and after salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture production in a bay on Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick, Canada, in an 8-year survey, 2008 to 2015. Diver transects and free-area spot-dives were used to measure the carapace length and determine sex (including berried state) of each lobster encountered both inside (farm) and outside (reference) the lease boundaries. In pairwise comparisons of each sampling date, there was no significant difference between the number of lobsters inside the salmon farming area versus a nearby reference site and no significant difference in the number of berried females inside or out of the farm lease area. Combining data from all lobster surveys (farm and reference sites) indicated an increase over 8 years, similar in slope to the increase of the trap fishery in Lobster Fishing Area (LFA) 38. These results indicate that the fish farm had no obvious impact on lobster density at any point in the salmon production cycle and that inshore lobster abundance followed trends similar to those of the general fishery of LFA 38.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Onychomatricoma: A Case Report
Authors: Charfi Olfa , Jaber Kahena , Khammouma Ferdaous , Rabhi Faten , Youssef Soumaya , Dhaoui Raouf , Doss Nejib
Published: March 2019

Onychomatricoma (OM) is a rare benign tumour of the nail matrix characterized by specific clinical and histologic features. The main clinical signs are thickening of the nail plate, xanthonychia, overcurvature of the nail plate, and multiple splinter haemorrhages. The diagnosis is based on clinical, radiological and histopathological findings. Histologically, the tumour is characterized by filiform epithelial projections. The objective of this study is to present the first reported Tunisian case of OM, focusing on the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of OM. A review on the subject is also presented.
Evaluation of the Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress Score as a Prognostic Indicator for Older Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Murakami Yuki , Saito Hiroaki , Shimizu Shota , Kono Yusuke , Shishido Yuji , Miyatani Kozo , Matsunaga Tomoyuki , Fukumoto Yoji , Ashida Keigo , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2019

Background: The incidence of gastric cancer (GC) among the older adults is increasing. Therefore, determining postoperative age-associated prognostic factors is clinically important. This present study retrospectively investigated the prognostic significance of the estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress (E-PASS) of such patients with GC. Methods: We enrolled 136 patients aged ≥75 years with a histopathological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent gastrectomy. Results: Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to evaluate survival, and AUC values were compared to assess the discriminatory ability of carcinoembryonic antigen, the perioperative risk score, the surgical stress score, and the comprehensive risk score (CRS) of E-PASS. The AUC value of CRS was of the highest AUC value as a function of overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival. The 5-year OS rates of CRSHigh and CRSLow groups were 50.6 and 76.9% (p = 0.0007) respectively. The 5-year DSS rates of the CRSHigh and CRSLow groups were 78.8 and 95.2% (p = 0.028) respectively. Further, the 5-year survival rates unrelated to cancer of the CRSHigh and CRSLow groups were 64.2 and 80.9% (p = 0.0096) respectively. Multivariate analysis identified that CRS was an independent prognostic indicator. Conclusions: E-PASS was a useful prognostic indicator for older GC patients.
Determination of Salivary Myeloperoxidase, Immunoglobulin E, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α after Complete Denture Insertion
Authors: Kostic Milena , Igic Marko , Jevtovic Stoimenov Tatjana , Pejcic Ana , Pesic Stankovic Jana
Published: March 2019

Objective: To detect activities of salivary myeloperoxidase (MPO) and concentrations of salivary tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as indicators of inflammatory reaction and salivary immunoglobulin E as an indicator of allergic reaction after complete insertion of acrylic dentures. Subjects and Methods: Complete dentures were made for a uniform group of elderly patients, and saliva samples were taken immediately before they were given to the patients, as well as 2, 3, 7, and 30 days after insertion of the dentures, with simultaneous monitoring of changes in the oral mucosa. Results: After 7 and 30 days of wearing upper and lower complete dentures, nonsignificant increases in salivary MPO and TNF-α were proven to be indicators of inflammation. No changes were observed in the values of salivary immunoglobulin E during a 30-day observational period, which excluded the appearance of allergic reactions to acrylic materials in the tested group of patients. Conclusion: A nonsignificant increase in the levels of MPO was observed on day 7; it decreased after 30 days. TNF-α also tended to increase in a nonsignificant manner.
The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil
Authors: ZEPPELINI DOUGLAS
Published: March 2019

Twenty two known and new Neotropical species of the genus Arrhopalites (Collembola: Arrhopalitidae) are revised and diagnosed. The four new cave species from Brazil are described and illustrated and the remaining Brazilian and Mexican species are redescribed and illustrated. Neotropical species are distributed along the Good’s biogeographic zones 8, 24a, 27 and 29. Four species described as Arrhopalites are replaced in the genus Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez 1944 based on their morphology. A short discussion is made about the distribution of the genus in the Neotropical Region, and a key for identification of the Neotropical species is provided.
A new species of the genus Watanabesaruzo (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) from China
Authors: HUANG JUNHAO , ZHANG RUNZHI , PELSUE JR. FRANK W.
Published: March 2019

Watanabesaruzo yunnanensis sp. nov. is described from Yunnan Province, China. It is a peculiar species of Watanabesaruzo Yoshitake et Yamauchi and represents a new record for the genus in China. The genus Watanabesaruzo was erected by Yoshitake and Yamauchi (2002) based on two species, W. taimeii and W. malayanus. A key to the three species is presented. The type specimen is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, China.
Three new species of Branchinecta (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from the Nearctic
Authors: ROGERS D. CHRISTOPHER
Published: March 2019

Branchinecta lateralis, B. constricta and B. serrata, three new species of fairy shrimp, are described from central North American temporary pools. Branchinecta campestris Lynch, 1960 has been thought to occur on both sides of the Rocky Mountains in Canada and the United States. However, material from east of the North American Continental Divide were found to represent an undescribed species, morphologically distinct from B. campestris, and is described here as Branchinecta lateralis n. sp. Branchinecta constricta n. sp. has affinities with B. coloradensis, and B. packardi, yet is distinguished in that the male second antenna has a proximal constriction. Branchinecta serrata n. sp. is closely related to Branchinecta paludosa and B. kaibabensis, but differs in the shape of the distal segment of the male second antenna and in the female pattern of dorsolateral projections.
A new species of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) from polluted streams of southeastern Brazil
Authors: CORREIA LENY C.S. , TRIVINHO-STRIXINO SUSANA , MICHAILOVA PARASKEVA
Published: March 2019

The larva, pupa, adults, and karyotype of Chironomus inquinatus sp. n. are described. This species lives in polluted streams in southeastern Brazil and belongs to the pseudothummi cytocomplex, with chromosome arm combinations AE, BF, CD, and G.
Phylogeny of the Sciaroidea (Diptera): the implication of additional taxa and character data
Authors: HIPPA HEIKKI , VILKAMAA PEKKA
Published: March 2019

A cladistic analysis of the extant Sciaroidea was made, using re-evaluated morphological characters, with some additional taxa and with or without the Mesozoic Mesosciophilidae in the ingroup. When the new data were incorporated, the conflict between our earlier phylogenies, with extant taxa only and with both extant and fossil taxa in the ingroup, was resolved. The present result is similar to the one we reached earlier with extant + fossil taxa, which showed the Cecidomyiidae as the sister group of all other Sciaroidea, instead of the Cecidomyiidae appearing as the sister group of the Mycetophilidae + Sciaridae. In the new hypothesis, the main clades of the Sciaroidea outside the Cecidomyiidae were as follows: Ditomyiidae + (Diadocidiidae + ((Keroplatidae + (((Bolitophilidae + ((((Mesosciophila + (((((Starkomyia + rest of Sciaroidea))))). The placement of the recently described, enigmatic New Zealand genus Starkomyia Jaschhof was similar regardless of whether the fossil Mesosciophilidae were included in the analysis or not. The two stillundescribed Neotropical taxa that we included fell in the Rangomaraminae clade within the Sciaridae. Unlike our earlier result with extant taxa only, and similar to our extant + fossil result, the Ohakunea + Colonomyia clade now appears as the sister group of the MycetophilidaeLygistorrhinidae-Sciaridae lineage.
A new Indo-West Pacific species of Actinopyga (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida: Holothuriidae)
Authors: SAMYN YVES , VANDENSPIEGEL DIDIER , MASSIN CLAUDE
Published: March 2019

Actinopyga is one of the five genera commonly recognised in the family Holothuriidae. This small genus has sixteen species currently considered valid. The present paper describes a new Indo-West Pacific species, Actinopyga caerulea, of which the most striking character is its bluish coloration. The ossicle assemblage of the new species resembles mostly that of A. bannwarthi Panning, 1944 and A. flammea Cherbonnier, 1979.
New species of Isoneuromyia Brunetti (Diptera: Keroplatidae) from the Oriental Region
Authors: EVENHUIS NEAL L.
Published: March 2019

Thirteen new species of the keroplatid genus Isoneuromyia Brunetti from the Oriental Region are described and illustrated. These include the following: I. brunettii, n. sp. (Laos); I. flava, n. sp. (Borneo); I. glabra, n. sp. (Laos); I. jata, n. sp. (Borneo); I. matilei, n. sp. (Borneo); I. nigerrima, n. sp. (Laos); I. nigribasis, n. sp. (Laos); I. pallidopsis, n. sp. (Sulawesi); I. splendida, n. sp. (Laos); I. subapicalis, n. sp. (Laos); I. tannia, n. sp. (Borneo); I. variabilis, n. sp. (Laos); I. yorki, n. sp. (Vietnam). The Taiwanese I. annandalei formosana (Okada) is here raised to full species, n. stat. The Sri Lankan species Orfelia (Isoneuromyia) ventosa Sivec & Plassmann is transferred to Neoplatyura. A key to Oriental species is given.
Chinese species of the genus of Agnesiella Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybini), with four new species and four new records
Authors: YAN BIN , YANG MAO-FA
Published: March 2019

Four new species of Agnesiella Dworakowska are described and illustrated, Agnesiella (Draberiella) digita sp. nov., A. (D.) furca sp. nov., A. (D.) innota sp. nov., A. (D.) sinuata sp. nov.. Four previously described species are recorded from China for the first time, A. (D.) aldera Thapa, 1984, A. (D.) ela Dworakowska, 1977, A. (D.) rita Dworakowska, 1982, A. (D.) roxana Dworakowska, 1982. The females of species A. (D.) aldera, A. (D.) ela and A. (D.) roxana are described for the first time. The couple was collected when they were mating. Based on dissection and observation, the phenomenon was found that male and female had different color patches on habitus (Figs 1–6, 10–15, 28–33, 34–39). A checklist and newly key to known species of Agnesiella are provided for species identification from China.
A new species of sardine, Sardinella electra (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Clupeidae), from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: HATA HARUTAKA , MOTOMURA HIROYUKI
Published: March 2019

A new species of sardine, Sardinella electra, is described on the basis of 18 specimens collected from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. The new species closely resembles Sardinella hualiensis (Chu & Tsai 1958) in that both species have a caudal fin with black tips, a black spot on the dorsal-fin origin, and both have lateral scales with centrally continuous or overlapping longitudinal striae. However, the new species is distinguished from S. hualiensis by its higher total gill-raker counts on the first, second, third and fourth gill arches, and on the posterior face of the third gill arch (105–121, 107–120, 88–104, 65–82, and 25–31, respectively, vs. 87–107, 83–105, 67–90, 53–69, and 13–27), and in having scales with few perforations and lacking pores posteriorly (vs. scales with numerous perforations and pores on their posterior margins).
Quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata) associated with Cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)
Authors: MARCINIAK NATALIA , SKORACKI MACIEJ , HROMADA MARTIN
Published: March 2019

Quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea) parasitizing cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae) are reviewed. Three new species are described: Neoaulobia cacatui sp. nov. from the Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus (type host) in Australia and the Palm Cockatoo Probosciger aterrimus in Papua New Guinea, Lawrencipicobia calyptorhyncha sp. nov. from the Glossy Black-cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami in Australia, and Lawrencipicobia sulphurea sp. nov. from the Yellow-crested cockatoo Cacatua sulphurea in Indonesia (West Timor).
Report on four deep-water barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from the north west Pacific, with remarks on Trianguloscalpellum regium (Wyville-Thomson, 1873)
Authors: GAN ZHIBIN , LI XINZHENG
Published: March 2019

Four deep-water species of stalked barnacles were collected by the manned submersibles Jiaolong and Shenhaiyongshi during recent expeditions. Trianguloscalpellum regium (Wyville-Thomson, 1873), collected from the Mariana Trench at a depth of 5,462 m, represents a new distribution record. Glyptelasma gigas (Annandale, 1916), Poecilasma litum Pilsbry, 1907 and Poecilasma obliqua Hoek, 1907, collected from the South China Sea, are recorded for the first time from a mud volcano environment. Detailed photographs of these four species are presented and their partial sequences of 16S rRNA and mt COI genes are provided.
Description of a new diminutive, rupicolous species of day-gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from southern Sri Lanka
Authors: BATUWITA SUDESH , AGARWAL ISHAN , BAUER AARON M.
Published: March 2019

A new species of Cnemaspis is described from southern Sri Lanka. Cnemaspis ingerorum sp. nov. was previously confused with C. kumarasinghei. The new species differs from C. kumarasinghei in having a lower number of ventral scales across midbody, scales on ventral sides of forelimb and hind-limb smooth (versus keeled) and dorsal caudal scales unkeeled (versus keeled). Additionally, Cnemaspis ingerorum sp. nov. has a 4.5% uncorrected ND2 sequence divergence from C. kumarasinghei and is also geographically separated from this species. Existing molecular data supports C. silvula as the sister species of the new form, however, it differs from C. silvula by the absence of keeled pectoral and abdominal scales and dorsal scales, and the absence of keeled (versus keeled) subcaudal scales.
The making of gendered ‘migrant workers’ in youth activation: The case of young Russian-speakers in Finland
Authors: Krivonos Daria
Published: March 2019

The article focuses on young Russian-speaking migrants’ day-to-day institutional encounters with labour market activation policies in Finland. The analysis contributes to the discussion on labour activation through analysing the workings of gender, migration and racialisation in welfare encounters through ethnographically grounded research. The argument of the article is two-fold. First, it argues that migrant and racialised minority populations are sustained in a ‘migrant worker’ subject position not only through exclusion from rights and legal status, but also through the targeted inclusion of the ‘undeserving’ poor with formal rights into worker-citizenship through workfare. Second, the article shows racialisation of ‘migrant workers’ as a gendered process with essentialised gendered logics of what skills migrant men and women supposedly possess ‘naturally’. Activation thus maintains and exacerbates the segregation of migrant and racialised youth into gendered and racialised labour markets. The analysis is based on ethnographic fieldwork in youth career counselling in a metropolitan area of Finland in 2015–2016.
Experience of Poverty and Problem Sleep in Later Life
Authors: Chen Jen-Hao
Published: March 2019

Older adults are more likely to report problem sleep, but little is known about how the economic challenges of old age affect sleep. Using data from the disability and use of time from the panel study of income dynamics ( N = 1,693), this study applied propensity score methods and the marginal structural model to estimate the associations between exposure to poverty and two measures of problem sleep: risky sleep duration and difficulty falling asleep. Poverty, irrespective of duration of exposure, had little impact on short sleep duration. Exposure to poverty, however, was associated with increased likelihood of long sleep duration on weekends and having difficulty falling asleep on both weekdays and weekends, especially for older adults who were exposed to poverty for 5 or more years. Findings suggest that economic hardship of old age may be a social structural obstacle for healthy sleep.
It’s Not the CSI Effect: Criminal Justice Students’ Choice of Major and Career Goals
Authors: Collica-Cox Kimberly , Furst Gennifer
Published: March 2019

The media tends to influence public perceptions of the criminal justice system. The media’s impact, known as the CSI Effect, is not well documented in criminal justice majors. The present study adds to a small body of literature regarding the impact of media on criminal justice students’ decisions, and seeks to identify the factors that influence students’ choices, regarding their major/career goals. Based on the results from surveys administered at an urban university in the United States, most criminal justice students reported that they were not influenced by the media, yet the vast majority believed this to be true of their fellow majors. These students chose criminal justice because they found the subject matter interesting and relevant to the real world, and they wanted to work in a field in which they could be a problem solver. Upon graduation, these students overwhelmingly reported an interest in pursuing a career in federal law enforcement. Unfortunately, corrections, a field dedicated to working with offenders, was the lowest preferred profession among criminal justice students.
The principle of the best interests of the child in the expulsion case law of the European Court of Human Rights: Procedural rationality as a remedy for inconsistency
Authors: Leloup Mathieu
Published: March 2019

According to Article 3 CRC, the best interests of the child should be a primary consideration in all actions concerning children. This article examines how the European Court of Human Rights applies this principle in expulsion cases that have an impact on the right to family life. A distinction is made between the cases where the expulsion measure is aimed at one of the parents and the cases where the child itself is the subject of the impugned decision. A critical examination of the available case law proves that the Court’s use of the principle is inconsistent in several areas. It is argued that the Court should adopt a procedural approach towards the principle. This would make the case law more consistent, while simultaneously increasing the children’s protection.
Towards international human rights law applied to armed groups
Authors: Callamard Agnes
Published: March 2019

This lecture explores the place of justice, accountability and remedies in the global agenda against terror, illustrated by a case study on Iraq and the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL.) The two international regimes traditionally applicable to the acts of armed groups, including “terrorist groups”, are international criminal law and international humanitarian law. The lecture argues that they carry each strong limitations, such as those related to the ‘‘armed conflict’’ nexus requirement. This lecture shows that a third regime, international counter-terrorism, has developed over the last two decades and become the de facto legal regime for armed non-State actors. This regime has displaced and weakened international humanitarian and criminal law while further eroding victims’ protection and accountability. The lecture further suggests that all three legal frameworks fail to capture the nature of control exercised by armed groups such as ISIL, and the extent of their functions, including those amounting to governance. The lecture argues that such functions can best be apprehended through international human rights law (IHRL). Tracing armed groups’ human rights obligations and legal personality to treaty and customary law, the lecture concludes with proposals to hold armed groups accountable under IHRL as well as possible approaches to strengthen accountability for crimes committed by ISIL.
Optimization design of heat dissipation structure of inserts supporting run-flat tire
Authors: Zang Liguo , Cai Yizhang , Wang Baosheng , Yin Rongdong , Lin Fen , Hang Peng
Published: March 2019

Inserts supporting run-flat tire is a key technology in the field of vehicle active safety. When the vehicle is under zero driving condition, the deformation of the inserts supporting run-flat tire due to compression can cause the tire to be crushed, and loss of adhesion between the tire and rim can lead to separation. These situations can reduce the cruising ability of the vehicle. Under zero driving condition, the insert, which is the main support body for the tire, could rub against the inner part of the tire sharply, thereby generating heat in the tire. Heat in the tire is difficult to dissipate and can accumulate rapidly under this condition. As the temperature of the tire and insert increases, the inserts supporting run-flat tire could fail to support the vehicle. To improve heat dissipation of the insert, a finite element model of the inserts supporting run-flat tire under the condition of zero rolling is established. The steady-state temperature field of the inserts supporting run-flat tire is analyzed using ANSYS Workbench. The insert temperature field and heat flux are solved. The optimization design of axial heat dissipation holes and surface heat dissipation grooves based on experimental and simulation results of the insert is presented. Finally, the optimization structure of the insert is verified using a thermal–mechanical coupling simulation method. The conclusions are of great significance for optimizing inserts supporting run-flat tire and improving zero rolling ability of tire.
Asylum-seekers and the ‘hyper-precarity trap’ in Austria, Finland and Italy
Authors: Schenner Johanna K , Cavanna Paola , Ollus Natalia
Published: March 2019

Drawing on both semi-structured interviews and desk-based research, this article contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how asylum-seekers may find themselves trapped in conditions of ‘hyper-precarity’ in Austria, Finland and Italy, and how their vulnerabilities compare to those of other groups of workers. The first section of the article explains the different histories of Austria, Finland and Italy in terms of hosting asylum-seekers, before outlining the recent labour market dynamics of each of these countries. This is followed by a theoretical discussion of the different elements constituting the ‘hyper-precarity trap’ as experienced by asylum-seekers. These elements include discussions of precarity, vulnerability and law. The third section explains how the interviews and desk-based research were conducted and analysed. The fourth and final section of the article presents findings and their implications.
International Collaborations in the VET Sector: Motivations and Challenges
Authors: Gao Yuan
Published: March 2019

This study identified the motives for vocational education and training (VET) providers in different countries to collaborate internationally and the challenges they encounter by interviewing 16 teachers, program coordinators, and managers from four VET providers in China and Canada. The findings of this study highlight the difference in primary motives driving VET providers in developed and developing economies to pursue international collaborations. For the former, a commercial approach is prominent, while for the latter, international engagement is more instrumental and developmental in nature. This study also sheds light on the specific barriers such as curricula incompatibility and staff readiness created by the national focus of VET to engage internationally. These findings contribute to a fuller understanding of international collaborations in different national contexts across educational sectors. Furthermore, the employment of the interorganizational relations theory in guiding the investigation enriches the theory by extending its application into educational organizations and exploring how different motives could be interpreted in the educational setting.
Fostering Self-Efficacy Among Adolescents in Secondary General Music
Authors: Bucura Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

In secondary general music classes, adolescent musicianship can be stifled by poor self-efficacy. Although adolescents typically lead lives rich with music, they may believe that these interests and experiences do not apply within school settings, may become preoccupied with images of seeming musical perfection, and may even perceive themselves to be unmusical. Societal messaging and school music programs themselves may unfortunately enhance these views. Four sources of self-knowledge that inform self-efficacy provide considerations and approaches for secondary general music teachers.
Introduction to Special Issue: Matters of classification and representation: Quantifying ethnicity, religion and migration introduction
Authors: Supik Linda , Spielhaus Riem
Published: March 2019

In addition to serving as an introduction to the subject, this paper suggests a conceptual framework for the investigation of issues of classification and quantification related to migration and the ethnically and religiously diverse societies in Europe. Nationality, ethnicity and religion are situational, contextual and dynamic social phenomena which tend to defy rigid classification, making it especially difficult to capture and quantify these entities in order to organize and represent them in an intelligible manner in official statistics (e.g. censuses), institutional governing practices or in academic survey research. By drawing on previous work by demographers and social researchers, we suggest a typological classification of ways in which diverse populations become statistically visible or invisible. We show that the rationale for creating classifications and particular sets of categories changes, depending on the political field in which data are used in the governance of populations and migration. A science studies perspective can make these diverse taxonomies the object of studies to understand how they are embedded within, and how they sustain, power relations. By focusing on practices of classification as instruments of research and governance, this special issue contributes to a reflection on the conditions and effects of quantifying practices in culturally diverse and constantly changing societies, in which the line between government and academia, between power and knowledge, is frequently indistinct.
Tending to destinations: Conceptualising tourism’s transformative capacities
Authors: Huijbens Edward H , Jóhannesson Gunnar Thór
Published: March 2019

This article is a theoretical contribution to inform scholarship on tourism destination development and dynamics. Our point of departure is the prevailing linear ‘economic growth paradigm’ animating tourism development discourse and practice. Through this discourse, people, landscapes, heritage and artefacts become valued as commodities and claims laid to tourism benefits emerge as objective, measurable facts. We contend that this discourse relies on an understanding of tourism resources and entrepreneurial activities as pure social constructs, which does not fully grasp the dynamics of emergent tourism realities and destinations’ transformative capacities. We argue for alternative conceptualisations of tourism that equip tourism scholars with the conceptual tools to grasp the plurality of tourism futures. These involve ‘vital materialism’ built on a relational ontology foregrounding the creative life force that permeates us and all that surrounds us. We conclude with outlining the implications this approach has for the discussion of tourism destination development. We argue that these conceptual tools will lay the foundations for ethically sound tourism development in times of global uncertainties from the perspective of people, their commitments and aspirations and the environment.
Prior Amiodarone Exposure Reduces Tacrolimus Dosing Requirements in Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Breslin Nadine T. , Salerno David M. , Topkara Veli K. , Latif Farhana , Restaino Susan , Takeda Koji , Takayama Hiroo , Farr Maryjane , Colombo Paolo C. , Jennings Douglas L.
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Amiodarone use prior to heart transplant is independently associated with a higher rate of severe primary graft dysfunction and in-hospital mortality. Amiodarone may also alter the pharmacokinetics of medications metabolized via cytochrome P450. No data exist regarding the interaction between pretransplant amiodarone and tacrolimus concentrations.

Design:

Single-center retrospective study of transplant patients between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016. A therapeutic tacrolimus concentration was defined as a trough level between 8 and 15 ng/mL for 2 consecutive days. The primary outcome was the tacrolimus therapeutic weight-based dosing requirements (mg/kg/day) for patients receiving amiodarone prior to transplant when compared to those without prior receipt of amiodarone. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of cellular rejection and mortality within 6 months posttransplant.

Results:

Multi-organ transplant recipients (n = 3), retransplants (n = 9), those who died prior to a therapeutic level (n = 1), and those receiving amiodarone posttransplant (n = 7) were excluded from the analysis. Of the 80 patients included, 34 (42%) received amiodarone prior to transplant. Patient characteristics were similar, with the exception of primary graft dysfunction incidence (38% in amiodarone vs 8.5% in control, P = .001). The median therapeutic dose was 0.1 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.07-0.12) versus 0.13 (IQR: 0.09-0.17) in the amiodarone and control groups, respectively, ( P < .01). No significant difference in mortality or rejection was noted.

Conclusion:

Patients receiving amiodarone prior to transplant require a lower weight-based dose of tacrolimus.
Cloud-based map alignment strategies for multi-robot FastSLAM 2.0
Authors: Ali Shimaa S , Hammad Abdallah , Tag Eldien Adly S
Published: March 2019

The cooperative simultaneous localization and mapping problem has acquired growing attention over the years. Even though mapping of very large environments is theoretically quicker than a single robot simultaneous localization and mapping, it has several additional challenges such as the map alignment and the merging processes, network latency, administering various coordinate systems and assuring synchronized and updated data from all robots and also it demands massive computation. This article proposes an efficient architecture for cloud-based cooperative simultaneous localization and mapping to parallelize its complex steps via the multiprocessor (computing nodes) and free the robots from all of the computation efforts. Furthermore, this work improves the map alignment part using hybrid combination strategies, random sample consensus, and inter-robot observations to exploit fully their advantages. The results show that the proposed approach increases mapping performance with less response time.
Negligence or tumor aggressiveness: A case report of recurrent ameloblastoma
Authors: Mohammed Asif Shaik , Mohammed Kaleem Sultan , Mohammed Al Mubarak Hussain , Shariff Mansoor , Sandeepa Nuchlakath Chalikkandy
Published: March 2019

Ameloblastomas with multiple histologic variants are rare odontogenic neoplasm of mandible and maxilla, and have high recurrence rates if improperly treated. They are histologically benign, slow growing, and invasive tumors. These tumors are asymptomatic in nature, unless they attain a large size to cause expansion and perforation of adjacent tissues, for which patient might seek treatment. Due to their aggressive nature and high recurrence rate, treatment remains a matter of debate. Complete excision of lesion with least morbidity would be the therapeutic challenge. However, there is an increased risk of recurrence due to local treatment. Here in, we present a large multicystic recurrent ameloblastoma on right-body-ramus region of mandible in a 45-year-old woman who was managed by hemimandibulectomy.
CLIPPERS Spectrum Disorder: A Rare Pediatric Neuroinflammatory Condition
Authors: Nemani Tarishi , Udwadia-Hegde Anaita , Keni Karnavat Purva , Kashikar Ritu , Epari Shridhar
Published: March 2019

CLIPPERS (chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids) is a recently described, rare neuroinflammatory disorder diagnosed by clinical symptoms involving the brain stem with a distinct pattern on neuroimaging and a perivascular T-lymphocyte infiltrate on brain biopsy. It is a condition usually described in adults in the fourth to fifth decade. We report a case of 13-year-old Indian boy who presented with recurrent episodes of ataxia and diplopia with onset at 7 years of age. He was investigated extensively to rule out infective, neoplastic, autoimmune, and demyelinating conditions over a span of 6 years. The diagnosis of CLIPPERS was entertained on the basis of clinico-radio-pathological correlation. Treatment with steroids and steroid-sparing agents, particularly methotrexate, seems to provide a promising outcome. With very few cases in literature so far, reporting of a larger case series with pediatric onset may expand it to CLIPPERS spectrum disorder.
Out of the Shadows, into the Dark: Ethnoracial Dissonance and Identity Formation among Afro-Latinxs
Authors: Hordge-Freeman Elizabeth , Veras Edlin
Published: March 2019

A 2016 Pew report reported that 24 percent of Hispanics identify as Afro-Latinxs, but researchers know very little about the significance of Afro-Latinx identity and how it develops. Using survey data administered to 94 self-identified Afro-Latinxs and in-depth interviews with selected survey respondents, the authors examine the socialization experiences that shape their identity formation. The authors illustrate that Afro-Latinx identity formation rarely occurred as a result of racial affirmation from families (as observed for other Black-identified groups in the United States). In the context of their families, Afro-Latinxs report the normalization of colorism and consistently negative appraisals of “black” racialized features (skin, hair, and facial features), silence about race and racism, and the encouragement of Latinx ethnicity contrasted with the stigmatization of blackness. Afro-Latinxs’ early racial socialization is marked by ethnoracial dissonance: a feeling of disidentification with, and from, racial schemas made available to them. Most respondents report that this dissonance is punctuated in secondary school and rarely reconciled through familial experiences. However, college experiences and participation in online communities ultimately exposed them to the history of the African diaspora, introduced them to the term Afro-Latinx, and offered alternative constructions of blackness that led them to adopt an Afro-Latinx identity.
Staphylococcus capitis Osteomyelitis: Case Report
Authors: Brooks David , Thomas Vincent , Snowden Jessica
Published: March 2019

This case report describes an unusual invasive infection with Staphylococcus capitis, in a child with a history of repaired congenital heart disease and an acute presentation of osteomyelitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are rare causes of osteomyelitis without an implanted device in the bone and, as such, should prompt evaluation for associated infections that may be contributing to the unusual presentation. Additionally, this case highlights the importance of considering methicillin heteroresistance in staphylococcal infections when the clinical course is not proceeding as expected.