bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mating Motives and Concerns About Being Misidentified as Gay or Lesbian
Authors: Plant E. Ashby , Zielaskowski Kate , Buck David M.
Published: February 2014

Recent research has demonstrated that concerns about being misidentified as gay or lesbian lead to the avoidance of gay men and lesbians. Because being misidentified as gay/lesbian can result in the loss of heterosexual people’s mating opportunities, we predicted that the activation of mating motives would heighten concerns among some heterosexuals about being misidentified as gay/lesbian. To combat such misidentification, we argued that heterosexuals would express antipathy toward and avoid contact with gay/lesbian people. Consistent with predictions, the activation of mating motives led heterosexuals who were generally concerned about misclassification as gay/lesbian to denigrate (Study 1) and avoid (Study 2) gay/lesbian people. Activating mating motives increased heterosexual participants’ concerns about being misclassified, which in turn heightened interest in avoiding gay/lesbian people (Study 3). These findings indicate that, although the motivation to find a romantic partner can have positive implications, it can contribute to negative responses to gay/lesbian people.
Drinking Too Much and Feeling Bad About It? How Group Identification Moderates Experiences of Guilt and Shame Following Norm Transgression
Authors: Giguère Benjamin , Lalonde Richard N. , Taylor Donald M.
Published: February 2014

The role of reference group norms in self-regulation was examined from the perspective of transgressions. Results from four studies suggest that following the transgression of a reference group’s norms, individuals who strongly identify with their group report more intense feelings of guilt, an emotion reflecting an inference that “bad” behaviors are perceived as the cause of the transgression. Conversely, weakly identified individuals reported more intense feelings of shame, an emotion reflecting an inference that “bad” characteristics of the person are perceived as the cause of the transgression. The studies also explored the differential relevance of the reference groups when assessing transgressive behaviors, the counterfactual thoughts individuals have about possible causes for the transgressions, and the motivational outcomes of guilt and shame using behavioral data. Results of the studies offer insights into self-regulation, maintenance of group norms, and offer implications for alcohol consumption interventions, such as social marketing campaigns.
A Tutorial on Enteral Access in Adult Patients in the Hospitalized Setting
Authors: Miller Keith R. , McClave Stephen A. , Kiraly Laszlo N. , Martindale Robert G. , Benns Matthew V.
Published: February 2014

Enteral access is a cornerstone in the provision of nutrition support. Early and adequate enteral support has consistently demonstrated improved patient outcomes throughout a wide range of illness. In patients unable to tolerate oral intake, multiple options of delivery are available to the clinician. Access requires a multidisciplinary effort that involves nurses, dietitians, and physicians to be successful. These techniques and procedures are not without morbidity and even mortality. A comprehensive understanding of the appropriate management of these tubes and their inherent complications should be garnered by all those involved with nutrition support teams. This tutorial reviews available options for enteral access in addition to commonly encountered complications and their management.
Sublimated or castrated psychoanalysis? Adorno’s critique of the revisionist psychoanalysis
Authors: Lee Nan-Nan
Published: February 2014

In ‘The Revisionist Psychoanalysis’, Adorno criticizes the neo-Freudian psychoanalysis for losing the critical edge of Freud’s theory with regard to social critique. Neo-Freudians whom Adorno calls ‘revisionists’ criticize Freud for his ‘mechanical’ views of the human psyche and for his over-emphasis on sexual libido. They reverse Freud’s dictum – ‘where id was, there ego shall be’ – by stressing the importance of development of the ego, and thus that of its adaptive functions. For revisionists, the aim of psychoanalytic practice is to help analysands be better adapted to their social environment. According to Adorno, the revisionist psychoanalysis is suspected of conformism, and implicitly advocating an ideology that what is existent is the best of all possible worlds. The emphasis on adaptation actually weakens the ego instead of strengthening it – leaving it vulnerable to the whim of social conditions, and that of instinctual impulses. Most importantly, it weakens individuals’ ability to think critically and makes them susceptible to ideological and psychological manipulation against their own rational interests.
Sport as Context for the Development of Women’s Same-Sex Relationships
Authors: Davis-Delano Laurel R.
Published: February 2014

Based on semistructured interviews with 56 women who had at least one same-sex relationship prior to age 30, I conclude that sport both nurtures, and to a lesser degree hinders, development of these relationships. Homophobia on particular teams, sometimes triggered by the masculine reputation of sport, often hindered the development of these women’s same-sex attractions/relationships. In contrast, sport often nurtured these attractions/relationships due to its: sex-segregation, demonstration of women’s capabilities, lack of heteronormative climate, emotional intensity, time-consuming nature, and similarity-inducing tendencies. In addition, sport more often nurtured these attractions/relationships when lesbian/bisexuals were present, teams were accepting of same-sex relationships, and the sport was perceived as gender neutral. I discuss the occupation of coaching, and the sport of softball, relative to these more general trends.
Safety and Otoprotection of Metformin in Radiation‐Induced Sensorineural Hearing Loss in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Mujica‐Mota Mario A. , Salehi Pezhman , Devic Slobodan , Daniel Sam J.
Published: February 2014

Objective

There is currently no treatment available to prevent radiation‐induced sensorineural hearing loss. Metformin has antineoplastic effects and is able to regulate the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species after cellular stress, which is one of the mechanisms involved in apoptosis after radiation damage. The objective of this study was to determine the safety and radioprotective properties of metformin against radiation‐induced cochlear damage both in vitro and in vivo.

Study Design

In vitro and prospective animal study.

Setting

Animal Care Facilities of the Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute.

Methods

Cultured auditory hair cells (HEI‐OC1) were exposed to different concentrations of metformin to determine its safety. Cells were incubated with different metformin concentrations and subjected to radiation. Cell viability after experiments was determined with the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Sixteen guinea pigs were divided in 2 groups: drinking tap water (n = 8) and drinking water containing metformin (n = 8). The animals were unilaterally irradiated for 20 days (total dose 70 Gy), and the ears were divided in 4 groups: control (n = 8), irradiated (n = 8), metformin (n = 8), and experimental (n = 8). Auditory brainstem responses were assessed before and 1, 6, and 16 weeks after completion of radiotherapy.

Results

Metformin was not cytotoxic or radioprotective in cultured auditory hair cells. Experimental ears had less hearing loss than radiated ones; however, differences were not statistically significant (P >. 05).

Conclusion

Metformin is not ototoxic or radioprotective in vitro or in vivo. Ears solely subjected to metformin had better hearing thresholds than the rest of the groups.
Adolescence
Authors: Gesch Bernard
Published: February 2014

Adolescence is often associated with exploring boundaries, rapid growth, hormones and pimples. A stable feature of this turbulent age is that these young people are highly over-represented in the criminal justice system. Adolescents account for disproportionate proportion of police-recorded crimes, and this seems to be a cross-cultural phenomenon. Furthermore, disaffected young people often have limited routine access to healthy foods and make poor food choices. These people form a large proportion of the prison population and there are concerns that insufficient attention is paid to their health. Hence their diet tends to be poor compared with international standards of dietary adequacy, which typically are set to protect the heart but not for optimal brain function. Thus, it has been posited that a poor diet may be a modifiable causal factor in antisocial behaviours. We tested what happened to the behaviour of violent young adult prisoners (18–21years) when nutrients missing from their diets were reinstated. We used food supplements as an analogue of a better diet because it provided the possibility of a placebo control. On a random basis, where neither the volunteers, prison staff nor researchers in the prison knew who was getting which type, 231 volunteers were given either placebo or real capsules containing broadly the daily requirements of vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. The number of proven offences committed by each prisoner was monitored before and while taking supplements. The result was that those who received the extra nutrients committed significantly (26.3%) fewer offences compared with placebos. Those consuming real supplements for at least 2 weeks committed 37% fewer (highly statistically significant) of the most serious offences, such as violence. These findings have been replicated by the Dutch Ministry of Justice; their double-blind study reported a 48% difference between groups. If these studies are widely replicated – and they need to be – we may have a simple and humane means to help reduce and prevent a significant proportion of violence and antisocial behaviour. This should also work in the community, because it is not about where you eat but what you eat. Indeed, criminal justice systems are often over-represented with ethnic minorities, but providing a more nutritious diet is never going to be discriminatory to these young people. The only risk is better health.
Decolonizing methods
Authors: Adams Glenn
Published: February 2014

Interdisciplinary scholarship has highlighted the coloniality of knowledge: The idea that mainstream research is an integral component of racialized modernity that reflects perspectives of the powerful and reproduces domination. To counteract the coloniality of knowledge, decolonial theorists advocate research strategies of accompaniment that draw upon local understandings as an epistemological basis for rethinking mainstream research. To illustrate these strategies, I briefly describe observations from a program of research that compares experience of relationship across diverse West African and North American settings. Qualitative methods of accompaniment help illuminate forms of marginalized knowledge that not only make visible the political economy of relationship research but also suggest directions for sustainable ways of relating that reflect and promote the interests of broad humanity.
The disparate management of superficial venous thrombosis in primary and secondary care
Authors: Lane Tristan RA , Sritharan Kaji , Herbert J Rosalind , Franklin Ian J , Davies Alun H
Published: February 2014

Objectives

Superficial venous thrombosis is common and traditionally considered a benign condition requiring only symptomatic treatment. Recent evidence, however, advocates more aggressive management. Extensive guidance is available but actual practice is unknown. This study aimed to assess the management of superficial venous thrombosis by general practitioners (primary care physicians) and vascular surgeons.

Methods

A 19-question validated electronic survey was created and circulated by e-mail to general practitioners and vascular surgeons in the United Kingdom. The survey evaluated presentation, investigation and treatment of superficial venous thrombosis.

Results

Three hundred sixty-nine surveys were returned from 197 vascular surgeons and 172 general practitioners. Most clinicians saw less than 20 cases a year, with 40% of clinicians not performing any investigations. Venous duplex was the investigation of choice in over 55%. Treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs was widespread, but anticoagulation and compression were seldom prescribed. Follow-up and treatment duration were disparate.

Discussion

The management of superficial venous thrombosis varies widely despite good levels of evidence and guidance. Investigation and treatment of superficial venous thrombosis show marked differences both between and within groups. Improvements in education are required to optimise the treatment pathway and advance patient care.
Effects of sociodemographic factors and maternal anxiety on preoperative anxiety in children
Authors: Cagiran Esra , Sergin Demet , Deniz Mustafa Nuri , Tanattı Burçak , Emiroglu Neslihan , Alper Isik
Published: February 2014

Objective

To investigate the effects of sociodemographic factors and maternal anxiety levels on behaviour in children undergoing surgery.

Methods

This study included children aged 3–12 years who were scheduled for surgery, and their respective mothers. Each mother completed a questionnaire concerning sociodemographic and economic characteristics. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form Tx-1, following transfer of the child to the operating room. An anaesthesiologist rated preoperative anxiety in each child using the Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS) and Venham Picture Test (VPT).

Results

One hundred children (mean ± SD age 7 ± 2.7 years) who received dental (47%), plastic (39%) or urological (14%) surgery, and 100 mothers (mean ± SD age 34 ± 6.6 years) were included. A statistically significant difference between maternal STAI Tx-1 scores and children’s VPT scores was revealed. There was no significant difference between maternal STAI Tx-1 scores and children’s FBRS scores. Maternal education level and socioeconomic status had no effect on FBRS, VPT and STAI Tx-1 scores.

Conclusion

Maternal knowledge and experience of anaesthesia, and high levels of maternal anxiety, may be related to increased anxiety in children undergoing surgery.
Porcine Melanotic Cutaneous Lesions and Lymph Nodes
Authors: Grossi A. B. , Hyttel P. , Jensen H. E. , Leifsson P. S.
Published: February 2014

Porcine melanomas have proven interesting in a wider biological perspective due to a common phenomenon of spontaneous regression, which is characterized by infiltration of macrophages, among others. Separation of neoplastic melanocytes from pigment-laden macrophages may, however, be challenging as the morphology of melanocytes varies considerably and sometimes resembles macrophages. The aim of this study was correspondingly to characterize and differentiate the cells in 20 porcine melanocytomas and regional lymph nodes by histologic examination and immunohistochemistry for melan A, PNL2, S100, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1). Grossly, the melanocytomas were divided into 2 distinct types: pigmented maculae ( n = 7) and raised tumors ( n = 13). In the maculae, the pigmented cells were mainly melanocytes reactive for melan A, PNL2 and S100. In contrast, the majority of the cells in the raised tumors were melanophages, which expressed Iba1, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and lysozyme. Yet, cells histomorphologically indistinguishable from the melanophages expressed melan A and PNL2. These cells were Iba1 and S100 negative, and ultrastructurally, they were devoid of lysosomal bodies and filled with stage III and IV melanosomes. In the regional lymph nodes, melanocytes were present in the trabecular sinuses. In focally or diffusely black lymph nodes, pigmentation was, however, mainly due to aggregates of melanophages, which were confined to the trabeculae, deep cortex, and peripheral lymphoreticular tissue. Normal and neoplastic porcine melanocytes express melan A and PNL2, and immunohistochemical staining for melan A, PNL2, and Iba1 was found useful to identify and distinguish melanocytes and melanophages in porcine melanotic lesions.
Critical geography of urban agriculture
Authors: Tornaghi Chiara
Published: February 2014

Urban agriculture is a broad term which describes food cultivation and animal husbandry on urban and peri-urban land. Grassroots as well as institution-led urban agricultural projects are currently mushrooming in the cities of the Global North, reshaping urban landscapes, experimenting with alternatives to the capitalist organization of urban life and sometimes establishing embryonic forms of recreating the Commons. While this renewed interest in land cultivation and food production is attracting increasing interest in a wide range of disciplines – from planning to landscape and cultural studies – it remains a very marginal and almost unexplored field of human geography. Nonetheless, beyond the rhetoric of sustainability and health, urban agriculture raises several relevant questions of interest for a critical geographer. Starting by drawing a map of concepts and theories available in an interdisciplinary literature, and highlighting fields of possible inquiry, this paper aims to define the scope of and an initial agenda for a critical geography of urban agriculture.
Making (more) sense of political-economic geographies of continuity and change
Authors: Varró Krisztina
Published: February 2014

In view of persisting and multiple ‘crises’, coming to grips with sociospatial change is one of the key tasks in geographical political economy today. However, to date, philosophical misunderstandings and the related lack of productive scholarly exchange has prevented this task from being satisfyingly addressed. In this paper I discuss the Cultural Political Economy approach and discourse theory in order to expose some key misunderstandings and to argue in favour of more philosophical awareness. By setting up a dialogue between the two approaches I aim to demonstrate the benefits of a constructive engagement between perspectives rooted in ontologically different positions.
From Leadership to Citizenship Behavior in Public Organizations
Authors: Ritz Adrian , Giauque David , Varone Frédéric , Anderfuhren-Biget Simon
Published: February 2014

After decades of management reforms in the public sector, questions on the impact of leadership behavior in public organizations have been attracting increasing attention. This article investigates the relationship between transformational leadership behavior and organizational citizenship behavior as one major extra-role outcome of transformational leadership. Referring to a growing body of research that shows the importance of public service values and employee identification in public administration research, we include public service motivation and organizational goal clarification as mediating variables in our analysis. Structural equation modeling is applied as the method of analysis for a sample of 569 public managers at the local level of Switzerland. The findings of our study support the assumed indirect relationship between leadership and employee behavior and emphasize the relevance of public service values when analyzing leadership behavior in public sector organizations.
Explaining Public Service Motivation
Authors: Vandenabeele Wouter
Published: February 2014

Both leadership and public service motivation (PSM) are important issues in contemporary public administration. By connecting these issues, the aim of this article is to assess the impact of one particular type of transformational leadership behavior—promoting public values—on PSM development. Two hypotheses were tested with a dataset of 3,506 state civil servants in Belgium. The analysis shows that a positive relation exists and that it is moderated by a set of basic psychological needs (autonomy and competence), whereby it demonstrates the validity of an institutional theory of PSM.
Cultural Relativity in Perceiving Emotion From Vocalizations
Authors: Gendron Maria , Roberson Debi , van der Vyver Jacoba Marieta , Barrett Lisa Feldman
Published: February 2014

A central question in the study of human behavior is whether certain emotions, such as anger, fear, and sadness, are recognized in nonverbal cues across cultures. We predicted and found that in a concept-free experimental task, participants from an isolated cultural context (the Himba ethnic group from northwestern Namibia) did not freely label Western vocalizations with expected emotion terms. Responses indicate that Himba participants perceived more basic affective properties of valence (positivity or negativity) and to some extent arousal (high or low activation). In a second, concept-embedded task, we manipulated whether the target and foil on a given trial matched in both valence and arousal, neither valence nor arousal, valence only, or arousal only. Himba participants achieved above-chance accuracy only when foils differed from targets in valence only. Our results indicate that the voice can reliably convey affective meaning across cultures, but that perceptions of emotion from the voice are culturally variable.
Spousal Relationship Quality and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Uchino Bert N. , Smith Timothy W. , Berg Cynthia A.
Published: February 2014

The quality of spousal relationships has been related to physical-health outcomes. However, most studies have focused on relationship positivity or negativity in isolation, despite the fact that many close relationships are characterized by both positive and negative aspects (i.e., ambivalence). In addition, most work has not accounted for the reciprocal nature of close-relationship processes that can have an impact on health. Using a sample of 136 older married couples, we tested whether actor-partner models of relationships that were either primarily positive or ambivalent (i.e., perceived as having both helpful and upsetting aspects) predicted measures of coronary-artery calcification. Results revealed an Actor × Partner interaction whereby coronary-artery calcification scores were highest for individuals who both viewed and were viewed by their spouse as ambivalent. These data are discussed in light of the importance of considering both positive and negative aspects of relationship quality and modeling the interdependence of close relationships.
Investigations on water condensation in the main steam pipe of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power station: Part II—Theoretical studies
Authors: He Kun , Li Jun , Yan Xin , Feng Zhenping , Fan Yizhi , Shang Xianyou
Published: February 2014

A theoretical method based on heat transfer theories and numerical simulations was presented to predict the water condensation rates in the main steam pipe for the pressurized water reactor nuclear power station during the stable and starting up operation processes. Firstly, the complex heat transfer processes, including the steady heat transfer and transient heat transfer, in the main steam pipe were analyzed in detail. Then, the theoretical prediction methods were presented to compute the heat loss in the main steam pipe during stable and starting up operation processes, respectively. In order to verify the present theoretical method as well as visualize the flow fields in the main steam pipe, corresponding computational fluid dynamics computations based on conjugate heat transfer and equilibrium condensation model were performed. To validate the reliability of the present theoretical method, experiments (see Part I of this two-part paper) were carried out to measure the water condensation rates in the main steam pipe during the starting up and stable operation processes. The comparisons were made between the theoretical predictions, computational fluid dynamics computations, and the experimental tests. It shows that the present theoretical method has a good accuracy in predicting the water condensation rates for these two different operation conditions. For the startup process, the difference between the theoretical prediction and experimental data is only 0.16%. For the stable operation condition, the difference between the prediction and experimental data reaches 30.24% for the theoretical method whereas 23.55% for the computational fluid dynamics method.
The evolution of millet domestication, Middle Yellow River Region, North China: Evidence from charred seeds at the late Upper Paleolithic Shizitan Locality 9 site
Authors: Bestel Sheahan , Crawford Gary W , Liu Li , Shi Jinming , Song Yanhua , Chen Xingcan
Published: February 2014

Charred grass seeds recovered by flotation from the late Upper Paleolithic Shizitan Locality 9 site in Shanxi province, China, are examined in relation to claims based on starch grain and phytolith analysis of early millet domestication and Neolithic plant foods in North China. Small numbers of wild millet (Paniceae tribe) grasses and goosefoot ( Chenopodium sp.) seeds provide the first specific macrobotanical evidence for the association of these important plants with people in China during the late Paleolithic. Wild Setaria and Echinochloa spp. are present between 13,800 and 11,600 cal. BP, almost 4000 years before the earliest evidence of unequivocally domesticated millet macrofossils in the Yellow River region by c. 8000–7600 cal. BP. In fact, seed evidence for the process of foxtail millet domestication in North China has not been available until now, and these are the only late Upper Paleolithic seeds ever recovered from North China. This study suggests that domestication-related traits in foxtail millet were gradually established over several millennia.
Acetaminophen intoxication is associated with decreased serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and increased lipid hydroperoxide levels
Authors: Karadas S , Aslan M , Gonullu H , Kati C , Duran L , Olmez S , Kucukoglu ME , Demir H
Published: February 2014

Background:

Acetaminophen is at present one of the most commonly used analgesics and antipyretics. Recent evidence has suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the mechanism of acetaminophen intoxication. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) plays an important role as an endogenous free-radical scavenging molecule. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of serum PON1 activity and oxidative stress in patients with acetaminophen intoxication.

Methods:

A total of 20 patients with acetaminophen intoxication and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels, and paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically.

Results:

The serum TAC levels and the paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in patients with acetaminophen intoxication compared with controls (all, p < 0.001), while the serum LOOH levels were significantly higher ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that decreased PON1 activity seems to be associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with acetaminophen intoxication. Measuring serum PON1 activity may be useful in assessing the development of toxicity risk in acetaminophen toxicity. It would be useful to recommend vitamins with antioxidant effects such as vitamins C and E along with medical treatments.
The evaluation of serum N-terminal prohormone brain-type natriuretic peptide, troponin-I, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Uner A , Doğan M , Ay M , Acar Ç
Published: February 2014

Although advanced diagnostic and treatment methods are available, congenital heart disease (CHD) holds an important place among the causes of death within the first year of age. Therefore, several prognostic factors are needed for diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. In this study, which includes 66 CHD patients and 38 healthy control children, serum cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), and N-terminal prohormone brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were analyzed for their prognostics values. The patient groups were categorized and then evaluated as cyanotic ( n = 16), acyanotic ( n = 50), symptomatic ( n = 23), asymptomatic ( n = 43), and isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD)-isolated atrial septal defect (ASD) groups. Cyanotic group was statistically compared with acyanotic group, symptomatic group with asymptomatic group, and VSD group with ASD group. Between the cyanotic, acyanotic, and control groups; between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups; and between the VSD and ASD groups, significant difference was not showed for age ( p > 0.05). NT-proBNP was found to be significantly higher in the cyanotic group than acyanotic and control group, in the symptomatic group than asymptomatic group; and in the patient group than healthy control group ( p < 0.05). Between the groups of VSD and ASD, significant difference was not showed ( p > 0.05). The same comparison results for TnI and Hs-CRP were not significant ( p > 0.05). TnI and Hs-CRP were only found significantly higher in the patient group than healthy control group ( p < 0.05). Eventually, we think that NT-proBNP, Hs-CRP, and TnI might be used for clinical management and estimation of outcome of these disorders in the future and these also might be able to modify existing strategies, but much more studies are needed.
The evolving high
Authors: Pourmand A , Armstrong P , Mazer-Amirshahi M , Shokoohi H
Published: February 2014

Over the past decade, emerging drugs of abuse and synthetic derivatives of more traditional agents have flooded the market. While Europe was the first to experience a surge in the use of drugs such as synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids, poison centers throughout the United States have seen a dramatic rise in calls related to these new designer drugs of abuse. In the majority of cases, care is largely supportive but significant medical and traumatic complications may occur. Providers must be aware of the ever-changing trends in abuse, so that they may optimally care for poisoned patients.
Strengthening practical wisdom
Authors: Eriksen Kristin Ådnøy , Dahl Hellen , Karlsson Bengt , Arman Maria
Published: February 2014

Background:

Practical wisdom, understood as knowing how to be or act in any present situation with clients, is believed to be an essential part of the knowledge needed to be a professional mental health worker. Exploring processes of adapting, extending knowledge and refining tacit knowledge grounded in mental health workers’ experiences with being in practice may bring awareness of how mental health workers reflect, learn and practice professional ‘artistry’.

Research question:

The aim of the article was to explore mental health workers’ processes of development and learning as they appeared in focus groups intended to develop practical wisdom. The main research question was ‘How might the processes of development and learning contribute to developing practical wisdom in the individual as well as in the practice culture?’

Research design:

The design was multi-stage focus groups, and the same participants met four times. A phenomenological hermeneutical method for researching lived experience guided the analysis.

Participants and context:

Eight experienced mental health workers representing four Norwegian municipalities participated. The research context was community-based mental health services.

Ethical considerations:

The study was reported to Norwegian Social Data Services, and procedures for informed consent were followed.

Findings:

Two examples of processes of re-evaluation of experience (Association, Integration, Validation, Appropriation and Outcomes and action) were explored. The health workers had developed knowledge in previous encounters with clients. In sharing practice experiences, this knowledge was expressed and developed, and also tested and validated against the aims of practice. Discussions led to adapted and extended knowledge, and as tacit knowledge was expressed it could be used actively.

Discussion:

Learning to reflect, being ready to be provoked and learning to endure indecisiveness may be foundational in developing practical wisdom. Openness is demanding, and changing habits of mind is difficult.

Conclusion:

Reflection on, and confrontation with, set practices are essential to building practice cultures in line with the aims of mental health services.
Suicide around public holidays
Authors: Barker Emma , O’Gorman John , De Leo Diego
Published: February 2014

Objective:

To examine the frequency of suicides on holidays and special days of the year, specifically in Queensland, Australia.

Methods:

We analysed data from the Queensland Suicide Register between 1990 and 2009. The days examined were: Easter, Christmas, New Year, Valentine’s Day and Anzac Day. We compared suicide cases on these days with the average counts for periods before and after the days.

Results:

There was a statistically significant increase in suicides on Christmas Eve and on New Year’s Day. Our results are discussed in light of trends reported in the literature.

Conclusion:

The beginning and end of the festive season are times when special attention is warranted for those with a heightened risk of suicide.
Developing performance indicators for homeless outreach psychiatric services
Authors: Holmes Alexander , Bradley Gail , Carslie Trevor , Lhuede Kate
Published: February 2014

Objective:

Performance indicators (PIs) aim to improve services by measuring key activities in a way that allows comparison over time, between services and against benchmarks. This paper describes the development and implementation of Homeless Psychiatric Service PIs and explores their potential benefits and limitations.

Method:

We collected descripton of quality service from key stakeholders. We identified eight key parameters, from which PIs were developed and tested over a 12-month period.

Results:

The use of the PIs led to increased awareness of the practice being measured. PIs were used to stimulate practice changes. They played a positive role in team dynamics and were useful in clarifying team aims and identity. The main challenge to their use was the burden of data collection and analysis.

Conclusion:

Homeless service PIs can assist in determining how well the programs are performing in activities that are relevant to clients and non clinical services for the homeless. With the movement of homeless clients away from inner urban areas, homeless performance measures may aid teams to develop the capacity to work effectively with homeless clients.
Development of two real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to detect Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1-9-11 and serovar 2
Authors: Marois-Créhan Corinne , Lacouture Sonia , Jacques Mario , Fittipaldi Nahuel , Kobisch Marylène , Gottschalk Marcelo
Published: February 2014

Two real-time, or quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were developed to detect Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1-9-11 (highly related serovars with similar virulence potential) and serovar 2, respectively. The specificity of these assays was verified on a collection of 294 strains, which included all 16 reference A. pleuropneumoniae strains (including serovars 5a and 5b), 263 A. pleuropneumoniae field strains isolated between 1992 and 2009 in different countries, and 15 bacterial strains other than A. pleuropneumoniae. The detection levels of both qPCR tests were evaluated using 10-fold dilutions of chromosomal DNA from reference strains of A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1 and 2, and the detection limit for both assays was 50 fg per assay. The analytical sensitivities of the qPCR tests were also estimated by using pure cultures and tonsils experimentally spiked with A. pleuropneumoniae. The detection threshold was 2.5 × 104 colony forming units (CFU)/ml and 2.9 × 105 CFU/0.1 g of tonsil, respectively, for both assays. These specific and sensitive tests can be used for the serotyping of A. pleuropneumoniae in diagnostic laboratories to control porcine pleuropneumonia.
Laboring to Mother in the Context of Past Trauma
Authors: Berman Helene , Mason Robin , Hall Jodi , Rodger Susan , Classen Catherine C. , Evans Marilyn K. , Ross Lori E. , Mulcahy Gloria Alvernaz , Carranza Leonarda , Al-Zoubi Fatmeh
Published: February 2014

The occurrence of interpersonal trauma is a reality for many women, with effects that often persist long after the traumatic events end. The purpose of this feminist grounded theory study was to examine how past trauma shaped the lives of women as they became new mothers. We recruited a purposive sample of 32 women from two Canadian communities and conducted semistructured, dialogic interviews during the second trimester of pregnancy. We analyzed data using thematic content analytic methods, including open coding whereby we read transcripts line by line and applied codes to portions of text that illustrated concepts or themes. The substantive grounded theory, “laboring to mother in the context of past trauma,” describes the exceedingly difficult emotional and cognitive work undertaken by pregnant women with histories of trauma as they anticipate becoming mothers. In this article, we present key components of the theory and offer recommendations for health and social service providers.
Flexural fatigue damage model of ultra-high toughness cementitious composites on base of continuum damage mechanics
Authors: Liu Wen , Xu Shilang , Li Hedong
Published: February 2014

Ultra-high toughness cementitious composite is a fiber reinforced cementitious material, with the characteristics of strain hardening and multiple cracking under uniaxial tension. It could be applied in some structures to sustain complicated loading conditions, such as fatigue loads. This paper presents an experimental and theoretical investigation on the flexural fatigue damage property of ultra-high toughness cementitious composites. Based on continuum damage mechanics and elastic-plastic isotropic damage model, a flexural fatigue damage model of ultra-high toughness cementitious composites is developed. The parameter of starting damage Ds is introduced, which equals to the damage amount happening in fatigue stage I. Meanwhile, the plastic strain ɛp on the bottom surface of the standard specimen is employed to calculate fatigue damage, D. The fitted parameters of the damage model are obtained with the experimental data. The research result shows that the starting damage amount and the cumulative damage degree drop with the decrease of stress levels. It is proved that this fatigue damage model is applicable to calculate the fatigue damage of ultra-high toughness cementitious composites.
Vibration of woven fiber composite doubly curved panels with strip delamination in thermal field
Authors: Panda Himanshu Sekhar , Sahu Shishir Kumar , Parhi Pravat Kumar , Asha Avittathur Venkiteswaran
Published: February 2014

This paper deals with the free vibration characteristics of woven fiber glass/epoxy delaminated doubly curved composite panels in a thermal environment based on the finite element approach. First-order shear deformation theory is used for a composite shell model with provision of mid-plane strip delamination at arbitrary locations. An isoparametric quadratic shell element with eight nodes and five degrees of freedom per node is used in the analysis. For modeling the delamination, a multipoint constraint algorithm is incorporated in the analysis. The thermal field includes elevated temperatures up to 400 K and sub-zero temperatures up to cryogenic range of 123 K to simulate the temperature surrounding the aircraft during flight and ground conditions and submarines. The effects of delamination size, temperature, boundary conditions and curvature on the natural frequencies of composite panels are investigated. The results indicate that the percentage of strip delamination, curvature with different boundary conditions in a thermal field have significant effects on the vibration behavior of the composite panels.
An adaptive compensator for a vehicle suspension system
Authors: Ozbulur Veysel
Published: February 2014

In this study, a controller which was based on fuzzy logic, was mounted to a suspension system in parallel and was controlled in the multi degree of freedom model of a vehicle.The body splashes, inputs of control power and the frequency responses of the acceleration were obtained when the vehicle went through a hollow profile way and the simulation results were compared with the uncontrolled vehicle body movement.Taking into account the driving comfort performance of the controller and the development of system, response were shown.
The Roles of the Game
Authors: Tandoc Edson C.
Published: February 2014

This study is based on a survey of 364 undergraduate journalism students and looks at how news consumption patterns influence the journalistic role conceptions that students hold. This study finds that students rated the interpreter role as most important. Students who prioritized the interpreter role also tend to get their news from online sources and social media. The implications of these findings on college instruction are also discussed.
Oxaliplatin-induced immune-mediated cytopenias: A case report and literature review
Authors: Forcello Nicholas P , Khubchandani Sapna , Patel Shrina J , Brahaj Driola
Published: February 2014

Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum antineoplastic agent that commonly causes diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, and peripheral neuropathy. Less common adverse effects that are increasingly being reported include acute immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and pancytopenia. Here, we report a patient case of suspected oxaliplatin-induced immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and a thorough literature evaluation of acute oxaliplatin-induced immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and pancytopenia that has yet to be reported until now. There have been 39 previously published reports of these cytopenic events with a median number of 16 treatment cycles prior to presentation. Patients experiencing unusual signs and symptoms such as chills, rigors, fever, back pain, abdominal pain, ecchymosis, hematemesis, hematuria, dark urine, hematochezia, petechiae, epistaxis, or mental status changes during or shortly after an oxaliplatin infusion should have complete blood counts ordered and evaluated promptly.
Measurement Matters
Authors: Bierie David M. , Davis-Siegel James C.
Published: February 2014

National statistics on the incidence of rape play an important role in the work of policymakers and academics. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) have provided some of the most widely used and influential statistics on the incidence of rape across the United States over the past 80 years. The definition of rape used by UCR changed in 2012 to include substantially more types of sexual assault. This article draws on 20 years of data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System to describe the impact this definitional change will have on estimates of the incidence of rape and trends over time. Drawing on time series as well as panel random effects methodologies, we show that 40% of sexual assaults have been excluded by the prior definition and that the magnitude of this error has grown over time. However, the overall trend in rape over time (year-to-year change) was not substantially different when comparing events meeting the prior definition and the subgroups of sexual assault that will now be counted.
Sexual Violence in the Backlands
Authors: Braithwaite Jeremy
Published: February 2014

This research focuses on structural covariates of sex crimes in rural communities (using urban and urbanizing communities as comparison groups), with particular analysis on exploring how the magnitude and direction of such covariates differ with respect to type of sex crime. Using 2000 sex crime data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) for the population of reporting U.S. cities, negative binomial and logistic regression procedures were used to explore the relationship between resource disadvantage, local investment, and economic inequality and sex crime subtypes. For sex crimes that occurred almost exclusively in the home, urban and urbanizing community rates were largely influenced by resource disadvantage and local investment, while these measures did not reach significance for explaining rural rates. Conversely, local investment was a significant predictor of sex crimes that occurred outside the home in rural communities. This research indicates that a structural analysis of sexual victimization (widely absent from the scientific literature) does yield significant findings and that disaggregation of crime into subtypes allows for a more detailed differentiation between urban and rural communities.
The Subjective Quality of Life in Young People With Tourette Syndrome in China
Authors: Liu Shiguo , Zheng Lanlan , Zheng Xueping , Zhang Xinhua , Yi Mingji , Ma Xu
Published: February 2014

Objective: To explore the subjective quality of life (QoL) in children with Tourette Syndrome (TS) in China to provide a basis for more effective interference. Method: A total of 107 patients and 107 controls were enrolled. Subjective QoL was investigated by Inventory of Subjective Life Quality, Family Environment Scale of Chinese Version, and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, and a case–control study was performed. Results: The total score of subjective QoL and family life, school life, peer relationship, cognitive component, environment, self-awareness, cognitive component and depression experience in the TS were lower than control. Patients with co-morbid exhibited significantly lower scores within the subjective QoL family life, peer relationship, school life, self-awareness, and cognitive affective domains. Conclusion: The subjective QoL is impaired and it is important to control clinical symptoms and improve family environment for the improvement of the subjective QoL in TS.
(The Feeling of) Meaning-as-Information
Authors: Heintzelman Samantha J. , King Laura A.
Published: February 2014

The desire for meaning is recognized as a central human motive. Yet, knowing that people want meaning does not explain its function. What adaptive problem does this experience solve? Drawing on the feelings-as-information hypothesis, we propose that the feeling of meaning provides information about the presence of reliable patterns and coherence in the environment, information that is not provided by affect. We review research demonstrating that manipulations of stimulus coherence influence subjective reports of meaning in life but not affect. We demonstrate that manipulations that foster an associative mindset enhance meaning. The meaning-as-information perspective embeds meaning in a network of foundational functions including associative learning, perception, cognition, and neural processing. This approach challenges assumptions about meaning, including its motivational appeal, the roles of expectancies and novelty in this experience, and the notion that meaning is inherently constructed. Implications for constructed meaning and existential meanings are discussed.
Grief Functions as an Honest Indicator of Commitment
Authors: Winegard Bo M. , Reynolds Tania , Baumeister Roy F. , Winegard Benjamin , Maner Jon K.
Published: February 2014

Grief is a puzzling phenomenon. It is often costly and prolonged, potentially increasing mortality rates, drug abuse, withdrawal from social life, and susceptibility to illness. These costs cannot be repaid by the deceased and therefore might appear wasted. In the following article, we propose a possible solution. Using the principles of social selection theory, we argue that an important selective pressure behind the human grief response was the social decisions of other humans. We combine this with insights from signaling theory, noting that grief shares many properties with other hard-to-fake social signals. We therefore contend that grief was shaped by selective forces to function as a hard-to-fake signal of (a) a person’s propensity to form strong, non-utilitarian bonds and (b) a person’s current level of commitment to a group or cause. This theory explains many of the costly symptoms of grief and provides a progressive framework for future research.