bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collimation, compression and acceleration of isotropic hot positrons by an intense vortex laser
Authors: Cao Y , Hu L X , Zou D B , Yang X H , Hu Y T , Zhao J , Lu Y , Yin Y , Shao F Q , Yu T P
Published: September 2023

Laser-driven positron sources, characterized by short pulse width, small focal spot and high energy, are promising for potential applications, e.g. electron–positron collider and positron annihilation spectroscopy. However, the broad divergence angle and wide pulse width during the laser-driven positron transport are extremely unfavorable for achieving high spatiotemporal resolution. In this paper, we propose a novel method to manipulate the positrons by using a left-hand circularly-polarized Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser pulse. Using the LG laser with a intensity of

1.2
×

10

21

W
c
m

−
2

and a duration of a few cycles, three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations reveal that isotropic hot positrons can be effectively captured, collimated, compressed, and accelerated due to the unique field structure of the LG laser. A high-quality positron bunch is obtained with a peak divergence angle of 1∘, an average pulse duration of 0.5 fs, a maximum energy of 450 MeV, and a density of 70 times that of the initial electron source. A damping vibration model is also formulated to explain qualitatively the quality improvement of the positrons.
Color tunability and NIR luminescence in Cr3+/Li+ co-doped ZnGa2O4 phosphor for solid state lighting and NIR LEDs
Authors: Monika  , Yadav R S , Bahadur A , Rai Shyam Bahadur
Published: September 2023

In this work, we report the color tunable photoluminescence in the Cr3+/Li+ doped and co-doped ZnGa2O4 (ZGO) phosphors synthesized by solid state reaction method. The phase and surface morphology of ZGO phosphor were examined by XRD and SEM measurements, respectively. The EDS spectra revealed the presence of Zn, Ga, Cr and O elements in the phosphor. The vibrational structure of the phosphor materials has been analyzed by FTIR measurements. The Cr3+ doped phosphor shows electronic absorption bands at 302, 408 and 544 nm alongwith the host CTB at 260 nm. The optical band gap of the phosphor decreases via doping of Cr3+ and Cr3+/Li+ ions. The ZGO is a self-activated host and emits broad blue emission with maximum at 434 nm upon excitation at 260 nm. The Cr3+ doped phosphors show emission bands due to spin-allowed as well as spin-forbidden transitions due to Cr3+ ion in the blue, green and NIR regions on excitation with 260, 302, 408 and 544 nm wavelengths. The emission intensity is optimum for 0.5 mol% concentration of Cr3+ ion. The emission intensity of Cr3+ doped ZGO phosphor increases via doping of Li+ ion. The color tunability has been observed in the phosphor upon 260 and 302 nm excitations. The lifetimes of 4T2 (4F) and 2E states of Cr3+ ion have been measured and it is found that it decreases with increasing concentrations of Cr3+ and Cr3+/Li+ ions. The Cr3+/Li+ doped and co-doped ZGO phosphors may be suitable candidates for display devices, solid state lighting and NIR LEDs.
Exploring and optimizing the performance of inorganic Cs2TiBr6 halide perovskite solar cell with Cu2ZnSnS4 as hole transport layer by device simulation
Authors: Chen Qi , Qiao Zaixiang
Published: September 2023

To seek appropriate substitutes for lead-based perovskite, a perovskite solar cell (PSC) model using Cu2ZnSnS4 as the hole transport layer (HTL) and Cs2TiBr6 as the absorber layer is proposed in this study. The focus of this study is to discuss the drift and diffusion ability of charge carriers in the n-i-p structure formed by ZnO/Cs2TiBr6/Cu2ZnSnS4 under the action of the built-in electric field and concentration gradient. And based on the data simulated by SCAPS-1D, the effects of bandgap structure and device structure on carrier mobility, carrier lifetime, carrier diffusion length, improvement of device performance of the device were further explored. In addition, the effects of HTL types, thickness of HTL, absorber, and ETL, and defect density of absorber on device structure and behavior were analyzed through simulation by SCAPS-1D. The theoretical calculation results obtained by optimizing the structural parameters include 29.24% power conversion efficiency (PCE), 1.22 V open circuit voltage (V

oc
), 26.79 mA cm−2 short circuit current (J

sc
) and 89.78% fill factor (FF). The conclusion that the n-i-p structure formed by ZnO/Cs2TiBr6/Cu2ZnSnS4 is conducive to carrier migration is vindicated in this study, which enables devices to possess better performance. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of Cu2ZnSnS4 in inorganic halide-based PSCs.
Outstanding NLO response of K3O@thia[n]circulenes; a DFT and molecular dynamics perspective
Authors: Kosar Naveen , Mahmood Tariq
Published: September 2023

The nonlinear optical (NLO) response of superalkali (K3O) doped thia[7&8]circulenes (1–18) is analyzed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The high interaction energies illustrate thermodynamic feasibility of these complexes. Natural bond orbital (NBO) charge analysis confirmed that electronic charge is transferred from K3O toward thia[7&8]circulenes. Additionally, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)—the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy gaps are reduced up to 0.81 eV after doping. Polarizability (α
o) and the first hyperpolarizability (β
o) values are used to estimate NLO response of doped circulenes. The highest α
o and β
o obtained for K3O doped thia[7&8]circulene (9) are 7297 au and 3.03 × 108 au, respectively. Two level model illustrates that the excited dipole moment as decisive factor for enhancement of NLO response. The electronic excitation is confirmed from ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopic analysis where all doped circulenes showed bathochromic shift. Ab initio molecular dynamics depicts strong interaction and high thermal stability of K3O doped thia[7]circulene 9. Thus, K3O doping on thia[n]circulenes (n = 7&8) remarkably enhanced the NLO response which assures the use of respective complexes in designing of building blocks for future optics.
Energy flow and stochastic resonance in a memristive neuron
Authors: Hou Bo , Hu Xikui , Guo Yitong , Ma Jun
Published: September 2023

Static distribution of intracellular ions including calcium, sodium and potassium activates spatial distribution of electric field and energy is kept in the biological neurons. Continuous propagation of the intracellular and extracellular ions across the membrane channels can induce magnetic field accompanying with diffusion of field energy as well. In this paper, two kinds of memristors are connected in parallel and they are used as memristive channels for building a new neural circuit, which can perceive external magnetic field and electric field synchronously. The memristive channel developed from the charge-controlled memristor (CCM) can discern the changes of external electric field, and another memristive channel based on the magnetic flux-controlled memristor (MFCM) can detect the fluctuation of external magnetic field. The inner electromagnetic field energy is shunted between the capacitor, inductor and two memristors, and the inner field energy is described by an equivalent Hamilton energy H for this neuron including a sum for four terms (H

C

, H

L

, H

M

, H

W
). The energy proportion of memristive channel to total energy is controlled to realize mode selection and transition in the firing patterns. Noisy disturbance is applied to discern the occurrence of stochastic resonance in this memristive neuron.
Electronic structure of P-type amorphous silicon nanowires
Authors: Prayogi Soni , Kresna  , Cahyono Yoyok , Darminto
Published: September 2023

Silicon nanowires can improve broadband optical absorption and reduce the radial carrier collection distance in solar cell devices. The disordered nanowire arrays grown by the Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition method are attractive because they can be embedded on low-cost substrates such as glass, and are compatible with large areas. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that reactive Hydrogen ions with increasing concentrations are doped to construct nanowire architectures in amorphous silicon solar cells. Similar to our investigated planar a-Si: H layers, the amorphous silicon nanowires exhibit a loss function coefficient of about 105/cm. From the reflectivity function, it can be shown that the nanostructures can offer a reliable carrier pool. Our results show that the addition of nanowires can increase the efficiency of a-Si solar cells from 1.11% to 1.57%. The input-photon-to-current conversion efficiency spectrum shows effective carrier collection from 1.2 to 2.2 eV of incident light and the nanowire devices show an increase in short-circuit current of 15% with amorphous Si and 26% with nanocrystalline Si compared to planar devices appropriate.
Pulsar timing residual induced by ultralight tensor dark matter
Authors: Wu Yu-Mei , Chen Zu-Cheng , Huang Qing-Guo
Published: September 2023

Ultralight boson fields, with a mass around 10-23 eV, are promising candidates for the elusive cosmological dark matter. These fields induce a periodic oscillation of the spacetime metric in the nanohertz frequency band, which is detectable by pulsar timing arrays. In this paper, we investigate the gravitational effect of ultralight tensor dark matter on the arrival time of radio pulses from pulsars. We find that the pulsar timing signal caused by tensor dark matter exhibits a different angular dependence than that by scalar and vector dark matter, making it possible to distinguish the ultralight dark matter signal with different spins.
Combining the gravitational effect and the coupling effect of ultralight tensor dark matter with standard model matter provides a complementary way to constrain the coupling parameter α.
We estimate α ≲ 10-6 ∼ 10-5 in the mass range m < 5 × 10-23 eV with current pulsar timing array.
Tail diversity from inflation
Authors: Hooshangi S. , Namjoo M.H. , Noorbala M.
Published: September 2023

The tail of the distribution of primordial fluctuations (corresponding to the likelihood of realization of large fluctuations) is of interest, from both theoretical and observational perspectives. In particular, it is relevant for the accurate evaluation of the primordial black hole (PBH) abundance. In this paper, we first analyze the non-perturbativeδNformalism as a method to non-perturbatively estimate the probability distribution function (PDF) of primordial fluctuations, discuss its underlying assumptions and deal with several subtleties that may arise as a result of considering large fluctuations. Next, we employ the method to study several non-attractor single-field inflationary models as the simplest examples that may lead to the abundant production of PBHs. We conclude that the Gaussian extrapolation from linear perturbation theory may fail drastically to predict the likelihood of large fluctuations. Specifically, we show that a truncation of the tail, a power-law tail, a double-exponential tail, and a doubly peaked distribution can all be realized for the curvature perturbation in the single-field non-attractor models of inflation. We thus show that there is a diverse zoo of possible tails from inflation so that a model-dependent, non-perturbative study of the distribution of the primordial fluctuations seems inevitable concerning PBH abundance.
Bounds for imaginarity of quantum superpositions
Authors: Qi Xianfei
Published: September 2023

Complex numbers play a key role in classical and quantum physics. Recently, the comprehensive formulation of the resource theory of imaginarity was proposed and various computable and meaningful measures of imaginarity were identified. In this work, we investigate the bounds for imaginarity of quantum superpositions in high dimension using the geometric imaginarity. We establish the relationship between the imaginarity of the superposition of quantum states and the imaginarity of the states being superposed.
Reconstructions of time-evolving sound-speed fields perturbed by deformed and dispersive internal solitary waves in shallow water
Authors: Li 李 Qin-Ran 沁然 , Sun 孙 Chao 超 , Xie 谢 Lei 磊 , Huang 黄 Xiao-Dong 晓冬
Published: September 2023

The high-fidelity reconstruction of sound speeds is crucial for predicting acoustic propagation in shallow water where internal solitary waves (ISWs) are prevalent. Mapping temperatures from time series to spatial fields is an approach widely used to reproduce the sound speed perturbed by deformed internal waves. However, wave-shape distortions are inherent in the modeling results. This paper analyzes the formation mechanism and dynamic behavior of the distorted waveform that is shown to arise from the mismatch between the modeled and real propagation speeds of individual solitons within an ISW packet. To mitigate distortions, a reconstruction method incorporating the dispersion property of an ISW train is proposed here. The principle is to assign each soliton a real speed observed in the experiment. Then, the modeled solitons propagate at their intrinsic speeds, and the packet disperses naturally with time. The method is applied to reconstruct the sound speed perturbed by ISWs in the South China Sea. The mean and median of the root-mean-square error between the reconstructed and measured sound speeds are below 2 m/s. The modeled shape deformations and packet dispersion agree well with observations, and the waveform distortion is reduced compared with the original method. This work ensures the high fidelity of waveguide-environment reconstructions and facilitates the investigation of sound propagation in the future.
Rheology of nanofluids. Experiments and molecular dynamics modeling
Authors: Ya Rudyak V
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the rheology of nanofluids with ordinary spherical particles. It has been shown that about a quarter of nanofluids at not too low concentrations turn out to be pseudo- or viscoplastic. Their rheology is well described by power-law fluid or Herschel–Bulkley models. To study the mechanism of rheology change, the method of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics is used. It is established that the change in rheology has a threshold character. Critical values of the shear rates of rheology change and their dependence on the concentration of nanoparticles, their size and material are found. It is shown that the change in rheology is accompanied by a change in the structure of the studied fluids, which is illustrated by the corresponding radial distribution functions.
Designs of three different octagonal-shaped antennas for microwave-based breast cancer detection
Authors: Avşar Aydın Emine , Aydın Ahmet , Sarıbaş Gözde
Published: September 2023

Today, there are numerous studies on Microwave Imaging
Methods. Thanks to these studies, the success and accuracy rate,
especially in breast cancer diagnosis, increases. Microstrip
antennas are used in the microwave imaging method. In this study,
three different antenna models aimed to be used in microwave imaging
methods were designed on the CST Studio Suite program. The designed
antennas have been tested on the phantom model in the simulation
environment. The test results were examined, and the designed
antennas were produced using 3D printing technology. The built
antennas were tested in the laboratory using the phantom and
tumor-containing phantom models and obtained results were compared.
The alignment results of the tandem EPU at Taiwan Photon Source
Authors: Tseng F.H. , Chung T.Y. , Huang H.Y. , Cheng C.M. , Hua C.Y. , Hsiao Y.M. , Liu Y.C.
Published: September 2023

Since its inauguration for user applications in 2016, the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has facilitated numerous research endeavors. The current investigation focuses on the alignment results of a tandem Elliptically Polarizing Undulator (EPU) situated within an extended double minimum beta y long straight section. The objective is to augment the photon flux of the synchrotron light generated by the tandem EPU via accurate alignment and using a phase shifter to attain temporal coherence. A cross-correlation function is employed to scrutinize the beam parameters associated with the source points to evaluate the temporal coherence of the two light sources emitted from the tandem EPU.
Preparation of a scaffold for a vascular network channel with spatially varying diameter based on sucrose
Authors: Chen Siyu , Gao Qianmin , Hu Qingxi , Zhang Haiguang
Published: September 2023

In the past few decades, although tissue engineering has made significant progress and achieved many accomplishments, there are still some key problems that remain unsolved. One of the urgent research challenges in this field is how to prepare large-scale tissue engineering scaffolds with spatially complex structures. In this work, a sacrificial template process using sucrose as the sacrificial material and a gelatin/microbial transglutaminase mixed solution as the bio-scaffold material is proposed to fabricate a bio-scaffold with multi-level branching and spatially complex vascular network channels that mimic the structure and function of the human vascular network. To validate the feasibility of the fabrication process and the rationality of the process parameters, the morphological characteristics, connectivity of vascular network channels, shaping accuracy, and mechanical properties of the bio-scaffold were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the bio-scaffold fabricated using this process had a complete morphology and excellent connectivity. The diameter of the sucrose sacrificial template showed a linear relationship with the feeding speed, and the average diameter error rate between the sucrose sacrificial template and the vascular network channels inside the bio-scaffold was less than 8%. The mechanical properties of the bio-scaffold met the requirements for large-scale tissue defect repair. To evaluate the effect of the bio-scaffold on cell activity, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded into the vascular network channels of the bio-scaffold, and their attachment, growth, and proliferation on the surface of the vascular network channels were observed. To further assess the biocompatibility of the bio-scaffold, the bio-scaffold was implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal tissue of rats, and the tissue regeneration status was compared and analyzed through immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that the vascular network channels within the bio-scaffold allowed uniform cell attachment, growth, with fewer dead cells and high cell viability. Moreover, clear cell attachment and growth were observed within the vascular network channels of the bio-scaffold after implantation in rats. These results indicate that the fabricated bio-scaffold meets the basic performance requirements for the repair and regeneration of large-scale tissue defects, providing a new approach for oxygen and nutrient transport in large-scale tissues and opening up new avenues for clinical applications.
Critical parameters for calibration and validation of traffic studies
Authors: Maleanu M. , Racanel C.
Published: September 2023

Since the last two decades a lot of efforts were made in order to produce methodologies there are able to model traffic characteristics and present anticipative traffic condition. New software programs include a lot of parameters that can affect how a simulation approaches reality. In order to minimize the resources needed for the analysis of a traffic scheme, it is necessary to use a method that allows the modification of only the critical parameters. In this study, the main factors with major influence in the calibration and validation of microsimulation models were identified. Based on predetermined graphics, users have the ability to complete faster a traffic study.
Enhancing cotton harvesting efficiency through elliptical drum design: a comparative analysis of spindle performance in the working area
Authors: Ravutov Sh T , Rizayev A A , Rajapbaev U A
Published: September 2023

This article describes improving the working conditions of the vertical spindle cotton harvester in the cotton collection zone (working area). A comparative analysis of the performance of spindles in standard and elliptical drums in the working area was conducted. A significant increase in the gripping capacity of the spindles was observed due to their elliptical trajectory, resulting in an increase in the contact surface of the spindles with the cotton plants and the number of spindles participating in the collection process. The main criteria for evaluating the gripping capacity of spindles were the simultaneous activity of the spindles and the compressive forces exerted by the drums on the cotton bolls during their presence in the working area. The boundary positions of the spindles, within which they have gripping capacity, were determined, allowing the development of a methodology for determining the time of spindle presence in the working area for both elliptical and standard drums in an actively oriented state. The results of a numerical experiment comparing the time of spindle presence in the collection zone on elliptical and standard drums showed the ability to control the contact time of the spindles with the cotton bolls by varying the geometric parameters of the elliptical drum.
Influence of tire internal pressure on soil compaction
Authors: Tukhtabayev M A , Atakhanov H B , Sidikov O A
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of choosing tires for driving wheels of cotton-growing row-crop tractors during inter-row cultivation. The track surfaces of tires 15.5-38, 16.9R38, 420/85R38 and 18.4R38 are compared on a rigid base. The track surfaces for hard base and maximum pressure of tires on soil, soil density and tire tread depth were determined in experimental studies. When choosing tires, their average qav
and maximum q
max pressures on soil were determined. In order to reduce compaction impact of the tractor’s undercarriages on soil, impact force of the tire internal pressure and vertical load on soil are determined. When using with larger profile width of tires working between rows leads to crushing of seedlings, and the smaller profile leads to an increase in compaction effect on soil. By choosing the right tires and substantiating their parameters, the beneficial living organisms that increase soil fertility are not allowed to die. The tractor equipped with 18.4R38 tires was used with a wide width agricultural machinery in cotton field. As a result, the number of field crossings of the aggregate reduced by 1.87 times, soil compaction is prevented, and fuel consumption reduced by 25%.
The results of performance tests of engine oil on Claas tractors taking into account climatic factors
Authors: Umirov N T , Ganiboyeva E
Published: September 2023

The article presents the influence of operating conditions on the design of vehicles, the increase in ambient temperature on changes in the performance properties of lubricants. Methodology for conducting experimental studies and evaluation parameters for determining the base number of motor oils is proposed. Test results of Agrimot 15W-40 engine oil for base number on tractors Claas are obtained.
Mathematical modeling of the movement of the guide wheel of the cotton MX harvesting machine
Authors: Abdazimov A D , Sherkobilov S M , Axmedov D A , Shodiev J G
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of the research conducted in order to improve the accuracy and controllability of driving along the cotton row, which is an important factor in increasing the efficiency of the tractor semi-mounted cotton harvesting machine. The article describes the results of mathematical modeling of the movement of the guide wheels of the cotton harvesting machine. The results were obtained with the help of experimental tests.
Straw harvesting equipment for combine harvesters in dry land harvesting
Authors: Astanakulov K D , Ashurov N A , Turdibekov A R
Published: September 2023

Currently, in Uzbekistan, wheat and barley grown in dry lands are harvested with a combine harvester, and the straw is piled on the ground. However, due to their low yield (12-16 t/ha) in dry lands, straw is not suitable. As a result, most of the straw, especially the small ones, remains on the ground when it is collected with straw baler, and there is a lot of destruction. This is the reason for low accumulation of the important roughage used for feeding livestock for farms engaged in cattle breeding in dry lands. Taking this into account, the structural and technological scheme of the device that collects straw directly into trailers for grain harvesters was developed. In order to determine the parameters of the straw harvesting device installed on grain combines, which ensure the required performance and performance, the researched parameters of its working parts and their intervals were determined. Now, by making an experimental copy of the device, installing it on a grain combine, work will be carried out to determine the optimal parameters of the working parts.
The use of calcium peroxide CaO2 for wastewater treatment from chromium (VI)
Authors: Kurbangaleeva Milyausha
Published: September 2023

The at meant of waste water from hexavalent chromium ions with calcium per oxide CaO2 was investigated. This product is obtained from soda ash production waste. Clarified part of still waste suspension (distillation suspension) contains calcium chloride and sodium chloride. The process of producing calcium peroxide is based on the interaction of calcium chloride with solutions of calcium peroxide and sodium hydroxide. A two-step (reagent) method of purification from hexavalent chromium is proposed. The first stage of the reagent method consists in reducing (conversion) toxic hexavalent chromium to a less dangerous trivalent chromium, and the second - in converting trivalent chromium to an insoluble state (into a hydroxide). The conversion (reduction) of Cr6+ to Cr3+ is carried out using calcium peroxide as a reagent. Reductionis carried out in an acidic medium, and to precipitate trivalent chromium in the form of chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)3) waste water is neutralized using neutralizer Ca(OH)2. This method of wastewater treatment from hexavalent chromium can be effective in small and medium production, especially in the absence of general treatment facilities.
Experimental study of processing sweet cherries with ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Saparov D E , Sultonova S A , Pulatov M M , Boltaboyev K K
Published: September 2023

The paper considers an experimental study of processing sweet cherries with ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet irradiation is an alternative to chemical sterilization used to reduce the growth of microorganisms in foods. Ultraviolet radiation further induces defense mechanisms in metabolically active plant tissues, in the same way that ultraviolet treatment has been observed to cause accumulation of polyamines, which can act as antioxidants in fruit, causing a reduction in microorganism spoilage symptoms.
Results of a field experiment of a potato planter with a disc planting machine
Authors: Duskulov A A , Makhmudov Kh S
Published: September 2023

The article describes the device and the technological process of operation of a potato planter equipped with a disk planter designed for use in low-contour areas. The results of experimental studies to determine the quality indicators of its work in the field are also presented. The authors propose a potato planter which is simple in design and compact, less metal-intensive, easy to manufacture, has the ability to use it both in small-circuit and relatively large areas, which ensures resource saving and efficiency in the technological process of planting potatoes.
Parameters of the main working part of the universal device of dry fruit bites
Authors: Khurramov Akbar , Abdurayimov Sobir , Kuzibekov Nurmukhammad , Mullajonov Islom , Kholiqov Nodir , Sherali Khalilov
Published: September 2023

In the article, based on our development of a universal oil extraction device and the need to apply it for use in the Armed Forces and the people’s food industry, the diameter of the gear shafts, which are the main working part of the device, is the number of rotations, based on the diameter of its ribs, in order for us to correctly select the material of its most convenient lightning-tooth shafts, it is possible to find that the experiments were carried out on the Lightning-tooth shafts made of three different types of materials, as well as the result of which, with the help of empirical expressions, we can find that the, at the same time it was mentioned that in rubber and wood surface tooth shafts, the degree of damage and bite duration of the shafts was lower than in steel surface tooth shaft, and because of the resistance of steel surfaces to friction coefficient, the Lightning tooth shafts were found to have a higher useful working coefficient.
Mathematical modelling of the process of drying rosehips
Authors: Raxmanova T T , Mambetsheripova A A , Safarov J E , Sultanova Sh A
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the process of drying rose hips found in the mountainous regions of Uzbekistan. Since rose hips are considered one of the main medicines, it is important to dry them while retaining their antioxidant properties. The blanching technology was applied in a convective dryer for drying while maintaining the antioxidant properties of the object. In the blanching process, a solution of ordinary water and citric acid was used. 1 and 1.5% solution of citric acid were picked up. Rosehips were dried until 16% moisture remained. Laboratory analyses was carried out on dried rose hips. The free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl was used to determine the antioxidant properties of the samples. In a laboratory study the antioxidant properties of dried rose hips blanched in a 1.5% citric acid solution remained at a high level. This revealed 190 µl of rose hips, 155 µl of its seeds, 185 µl of its water extract and 195 µl of its alcoholic extract. A mathematical model of a sample with a high level of antioxidant activity in rose hips has been developed.
Microwave processing of stone fruits before juice extraction
Authors: Eshpulatov Nodir , Khalmuradov Tolib , Rakhimov Farrukh , Khurramov Akbar , Khushboqov Botir , Makhsuda Amanova
Published: September 2023

This article explores the possibility of using microwave processing technology to improve the process of extracting juice from stone fruits. The authors conducted experiments to determine the optimal microwave processing parameters, such as power, processing time and frequency, for each of the considered fruits. The effects of fruit temperature, humidity and initial sugar content on processing efficiency were also studied. The obtained results showed that the treatment with microwave energy before extracting the juice helps to increase the yield of juice and reduce the content of solid residues in the juice. The process of extracting juice from stone fruits can be improved through the use of microwave processing technology, which is an effective method. This is of practical importance for juice producers and consumers, who can receive a better and healthier product. The article also discusses the parameters of microwave processing, such as the power and time of exposure to waves, as well as the temperature of the raw material. Proper selection of processing parameters allows you to achieve the best results in terms of yield and quality of juice. In general, the use of microwave processing of stone fruits before juice extraction is an effective way to increase the yield and improve the quality of the juice. Choosing the right processing parameters is crucial to achieve the best results, as it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of each type of fruit.
Theoretical study and mathematical calculations of the pumpkin drying process
Authors: Ponasenko A S , Saparov D E , Sultonova S A , Samandarov D I , Azimov A T
Published: September 2023

The study describes the mathematical calculation of the pumpkin drying process. In order to check the data obtained for different temperatures in the experiment (45, 55 and 65 °C) and to choose the most appropriate model, comparisons were made with different drying models. For this purpose 5 different experimental and theoretical drying models were used, which are widely used in drying processes (Lewis, Henderson and Pabis, two terms, Wang and Singh, Midilli). Statistical calculations were carried out using the Comsol Multiphysics program.
Theoretical foundations of electropulse impact on plant objects
Authors: Eshpulatov Nodir , Khalmuradov Tolib , Akabirov Lazizjon , Toshmamatov Nurmirza , Shoykulov Bakhtiyor , Samieva Zumrad
Published: September 2023

This article considers the theoretical foundations of the electropulse effect on plant objects. The influence of the energy absorbed by a living system on the degree of damage to plant cells and tissues is studied. It has been established that the impact of many damaging factors accompanying a high-voltage electrical impulse determines the degree of damage to plant tissue. The authors propose to consider the process of electrical processing from the standpoint of the law of conservation of energy and accept the initial conditions that describe the properties of a plant object. However, the research results do not allow theoretically assessing the dependence of the coefficients included in the formulas on all the parameters that determine their values.
The study of the stability of the movement of the frontal working bodies of the combined aggregate for sowing seeds of re-crops, depending on the depth of tillage
Authors: Sh Primkulov B , Alimova F A , Boboniyozov E A , Khudayorov M T
Published: September 2023

The article discusses data on a theoretical study of the stability of the bodies for strip tillage working process, depending on the processing depth change of energy-saving combined aggregate for re-crops seeds sowing. At the same time, a differential equation was compiled that describes the change in the working depth of tillage by the frontal working bodies of the aggregate. In this case, a differential equation was obtained adequately describing the determination of the working depth of tillage by unit developed bodies. Based on the equation, the change in the amplitude of the tillage depth dependences by the unit working bodies section and the pressure spring stiffness were studied.
Research of the deformation state of the base of low-pressure hydraulic structures
Authors: Paluanov D T
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the results of field research to determine the deformation of the base of a low-pressure hydraulic structure that has been in operation for a long time. On the basis of geodetic measurements, a longitudinal profile of the settlement of the body of the structure was constructed, which ensures the safety of the foundation of the structure. A technique for carrying out field studies is presented, which makes it possible to control the deformation of the base in low-pressure hydraulic structures.
The results of implemented researches on substantiation the parameters of the disc plougher
Authors: Tukhtakuziev A , Ishmurodov Sh
Published: September 2023

Processing the soil by tilling is considered to be most power-consuming actions. Therefore at present it is important to manufacture plows with power (energy) and resources-saving as well as high productivity. On the basis of above the disc plougher was worked out and its parameters were researched. Based on the results of implemented researches in effort for the disc plougher to process the soil (lands tillage) in the appropriate manner at working velocity of 6-8 km/h and in terms when the less power (energy) is consumed; its operating elements should be set at an angle at range 35-40° to the direction of movement, and in the range of 15-18° to vertical, the transverse distance between them should be in range of 28-32 cm.
Method of calculation of the flow motion model in water intake facilities
Authors: Arifjanov A M , Sattorov A X , Atakulov D , Iminov I X
Published: September 2023

One of the urgent problems of our time is the uneven distribution of the flow velocity in the forebay of the intake structure, which leads to the destruction of the flow structure due to the water level, the amount of turbidity in the water, the size of the fraction and the change in speed. As a result, turbidity can be observed in the forebay and water intake units, an increase in hydraulic resistance in the suction network, a decrease in pump fluid loss, the formation of cavitation and the destruction of internal parts. In the article, the forebay of an irrigation pumping station and in the intake section, a mathematical model of the dynamics of water distribution over the velocity field, longitudinal and transverse distribution based on the shape of the forebay was created and numerous results were obtained. Taking into account the above, according to the identified Lax scheme, the Eyler differential equation of flow motion was numerically solved, and the calculation of the longitudinal and transverse velocity distributions in the forebay and water intake was carried out by setting the boundary conditions for the state of the flow.
Digital transformation in agriculture: reducing food production waste
Authors: Wu Y , Wen R
Published: September 2023

The article covers the issue of food waste, its impact on the environment and food security, as well as the key tasks for sustainable development of the agrarian sector. The authors propose the use of digital transformation and innovative automated methods to address these challenges. The application of digital solutions in agriculture and the focus on precision agriculture technologies, which include information systems and analytics, are discussed. The sources of food loss, their causes, and the possibilities of waste reduction through digital technologies are analyzed. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the growing awareness of the food waste problem and its consequences, as well as the importance of researching and implementing digital technologies to address such issues. Successful application of these technologies supports sustainable practices, reduces costs for farmers, and increases overall efficiency.
Digitization of the UAV flight task for processing fields in precision agriculture
Authors: Kovalev I V , Losev V V , Saramud M V , Kovalev D I , Shaporova Z E , Podoplelova V A , Borovinsky D V
Published: September 2023

The article discusses an approach aimed at the development of algorithmic support for unmanned aerial vehicles. This is due to the construction of a flight task based on the optimality criterion for solving the problem of processing fields in precision farming. The shortest path criterion is used in the implementation of the UAV flight plan with a complex trajectory and frequent course changes. Dijkstra’s algorithm is considered as an algorithm that implements this criterion. The article provides an example of calculating a segment of a network of objects, notes the simplicity of the calculations of the algorithm. Suggestions on the use of this algorithm in the construction of a flight task are given.
Charcoal adsorbents for glycerin purification
Authors: Salikhanova Dilnoza S , Savrieva Dilafruz D , Karabaeva Muslima I , Sagdullaeva Dilafruz S , Ubaydullayeva Navruza N , Usmanova Zulfiya T
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the research of the chemical composition of coals. The main goal of the research is to choose the method of its enrichment. The authors established that after the enrichment of coal, the ash content sharply decreased due to the washing off of its inorganic part. The process of coal enrichment, at a ratio of 1:2 (coal: water) has a positive effect on reducing the ash content by 1.3 times. Based on the data obtained, it was found out that the enrichment process in the coal production adsorbents is necessary to reduce their ash content. Based on the research a technological scheme for obtaining a carbon adsorbent and solutions for their regeneration were proposed.
Analysis of the rationality of using a natural resource in the form of wood biomass
Authors: Zyryanov Mikhail , Medvedev Sergei , Stupak Pavel , Khvostov Alexey
Published: September 2023

The paper presents an analysis of the rationality of using a natural resource in the form of wood biomass. An assessment was made of the volumes of their formation and disposal in the process of logging operations in the period from 2019 to 2021 based on the data on the formation, processing, disposal, neutralization, disposal of production and consumption wastes provided by the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources. The inefficiency of the modern approach to the issue of using a natural resource in the form of wood at the harvesting stage is substantiated based on the assessment of the volumes of formation and disposal of waste from individual parts of wood biomass. To achieve this goal statistical analysis was chosen as the main research method. The results obtained in the course of the work are necessary for the formation of a development strategy for both individual logging and wood processing enterprises, and the entire timber industry complex. Research of the type, characteristics and volume of the wood resource not used in the main production will allow rationally forming the technological chains of logging and wood processing works, the park of equipment and machines for the enterprises of the timber industry complex.
Current actual issues of gold meniralization of the Central Kyzylkum
Authors: Karabaev Mamatxon , Amirov Elmurod , Moyliyev Ma’ruf , Togaev Isomiddin , Akmalov Shamshodbek , Ibragimova Z
Published: September 2023

As a result of the analysis of the data available and collected in recent years, in contrast to the well-established ideas about the polygenic and poly-stage nature of the mineralization, it is indicated that the gold mineralization of the Central Kyzyl Kum is formed as a result of the formation of a single ore-magmatic system, which develops in the same type regardless of the composition and age of the host rocks; during the formation of deposits, the most important thing is the presence of a process that promoted ore formation, which should serve as the basis for judgements in problems of the genesis and forecasting of industrial facilities. Some problematic issues on the geology of ore deposits are noted.
Floristic composition of meadow vegetation of floodplain meadows of the Bolshoy Kinel River
Authors: Kh Nechaeva E , Ermakova N A , Stepanova Yu V , Goryanin O I , Revyakina K A
Published: September 2023

The paper presents the results of geobotanical studies aimed at inventorying the vegetation cover of the floodplain meadows of the Bolshoy Kinel River. The vegetation of the coastal areas of small rivers of the Middle Volga region is poorly studied so it was important to trace the change in the floristic composition of the area under the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors. A scientific base for the subsequent assessment of the level of synanthropization and degradation of meadow communities in vegetation cover of the studied territories was developed.
Installation of “green” roofs in the framework of tourism development in specially protected natural areas
Authors: Subbotin Artem , Ilyushin Ilya , Zhuravlev Georgy , Koroleva Valeria
Published: September 2023

In the modern world, tourism and its effective development allows more than fifty branches of the economy to improve. This improves the quality of life in the country, which leads to an increase in the need for new facilities in the tourism industry. However, with the growth of the construction industry, there is a significant decrease in clean air in the atmosphere and the total area of “green” zones. Even in this situation, there is still a great need for land plots, which leads to the rational construction of infrastructure facilities in specially protected natural areas (protected areas) through the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies, mainly due to “green” roofs. The article discusses the main stages of the development of the construction of “green” roofs in the territories of protected areas for tourism, describes the main schemes of their creation and analyzes the profitability of selected technologies.
Submersible rotor disc mixers
Authors: Laponov Sergey , Erushonkov Alexander
Published: September 2023

The article presents the most common varieties of low-volume rotary disc mixers. The features of their design are described, the main advantages and disadvantages are identified. A description of a new design of a submersible rotor-disk mixer is given. It is shown that a mixer of this type can be used to create high-quality emulsions and maintain them. The mixer can be installed in overall tanks and in the reactor.
Genetic structure and gene flow in Myocastor coypus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) populations inhabiting a highly modified agroecosystem of the Pampas region
Authors: Ibañez Ezequiel Alejandro , Guichón María Laura , Peralta Diego Matías , Cassini Marcelo Hernán , Túnez Juan Ignacio
Published: September 2023

Assessing the genetic diversity and gene flow among populations in combination with ecological data provides valuable insight into the spatial use and genetic structure of wildlife. Anthropic impact generates landscape changes that threaten species by favouring their isolation in small patches and limiting their connectivity. However, in some cases, it can increase genetic exchange among wild populations. Here, we used a set of 16 microsatellites to study the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and historical and current gene flow of coypu (Myocastor coypus) populations, a semi-aquatic rodent that inhabits watercourses of the highly anthropized agroecosystems of the Pampas region. Our results showed moderate to high levels of genetic diversity and revealed the existence of genetic structure among populations. Bayesian analysis showed different patterns of genetic structure among and within sampling sites. Also, the patterns of historical gene flow differed from that seen today. These results, together with previous studies, suggest that anthropic pressure, habitat fragmentation and ephemeral landscapes in a highly modified ecosystem could alter the dispersal patterns of coypus in their native range, which would otherwise be different in an environment with low anthropic impact. The results provide new information that could be used in effective conservation programmes.