bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constitutional Law as Ethico-Political Discourse
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Several scholars and commentators have argued that constitutional law is “one of the most under-developed areas of fiqh.” That this is so is hardly surprising: constitutional law as it has been conceived thus far developed in the context of the modern nation-state and is thus historically foreign to Islam. For the most part of history, the various caliphates, sultanates and governments which together constituted dar al-islam (territory of Islam) operated under unwritten constitutions, yet firmly under the purview of the Shari’ah, so that, according to Noah Feldman, “the arrival of written constitutionalism in the Muslim world marked the beginning of the end of the Islamic state.”
Islam, Capitalism and Underdevelopment: Timur Kuran and Murat Cizakca on the Great Divergence
Authors: Crow Karim Douglas
Published: January 2022

The debate over the causes of the Muslim world lagging behind the ascent of Western Europe and failing to evolve adequate institutional and financial tools to counter the challenges of Modernity is of keen interest to economic historians. Works addressing this complex issue by two leading Turkish scholars, Professors Timur Kuran and Murat Cizakca, provide a focus for discussion of this debate and are here summarized and the authors’ divergent theses contrasted. At the heart of the debate is the question whether Islamic religious and legal structures inadvertently or directly hindered Muslim societies in the Middle East over the past several centuries from modernising their economic and financial systems. Furthermore, is there a viable alternative form of capitalism found in Islam? Several critical responses or contrasting views (M. Shahid Ebrahim, et al., 2012) are briefly presented, along with the implications for Islamic economics.
Islamic Banking and Finance Today Issues and Implications
Authors: Adeyemo Lateef Kayode , Oloso Kamil Koyejo
Published: January 2022

Far from being a curiosity, Islamic banking and finance products have come of age as a force to be reckoned with in the international financial market, breaking new ground and making giant strides by the day. This growth and geographical expansion has given rise to several challenges which can no longer be ignored but must be addressed by academics and scholars, professionals and practitioners in the industry, technocrats in government circles, standards boards and allied organisations, and Shariah experts and other jurist consultants. Some of these challenges pose a significant threat to the further growth and development of the industry, if left unaddressed. This paper attempts to look into such issues and to proffer solutions to them in order to ensure the even and healthy growth and development of the industry.
Malaysian Muslims Lead in Balancing Religious Observance and Social Development
Authors: Batchelor Daud AbdulFattah
Published: January 2022

It has always been a big question: Which Muslims in what Muslim country are closer to achieving the ideal of Islamic wellbeing? Whose country is doing better at applying Islamic values? One response is a newly formulated rating index, the Islamic Index of Well-being (IIW), which suggests that Muslims in Malaysia lead the Muslim countries surveyed in Islamic well-being, just ahead of their Indonesian cousins. These two countries were clearly ahead globally in the group of 27 out of the 51 Muslim-majority countries for which full data was available to be assessed. Senegal, the Palestinian territories and Bangladesh came next, followed by other Middle-eastern countries, then the sub-Sahara African countries. Ex-communist bloc Muslim countries have the lowest indices, no doubt a consequence of the severe anti-religious policies formerly applied there, including widespread persecution. The results reflect a relative lag of Middle-eastern countries in this index, given that they are traditionally considered as the heart of the Muslim world.
Many are the Crimes Committed in the Name of Islam
Authors: Fakhro Ali Mohammed
Published: January 2022

During the French Revolution, a cry began to spread: “Oh, Freedom, How many crimes are committed in your name!” Today, in Arab and Muslim lands, we appear to need a similar rallying call: “Oh Islam, How many crimes are committed in your name!”

The Arab and Islamic worlds do not have the right any longer to disregard or pass over in silence the crimes that sweep across the planet on a daily basis in the name of Islam. It is not only a matter of mistakes and excesses committed under the false banner of jihad for Islam. These are unspeakably crazed and wanton crimes, sordid and full of treachery. There can be no doubt that they are committed to the beat of Satan’s drumming the Satan who is the enemy of both God and Man. They are terrifying events that defame Islam’s reputation and disgrace Muslims, and distort the meaning and objectives of the Quranic message and key terms such as al-jihad, as well as other words that are arbitrarily wrested from their context in a Holy Quranic verse to be deployed in political skirmishes.
R. Skidelsky and C. W. Wigstrom, Eds., The Economic Crisis and the State of Economics
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Karim
Published: January 2022

The Economic Crisis and the State of Economics, published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2010, is a product of a symposium held with the purpose of identifying the causes of the current financial crisis as well as prescribing remedies. Robert Skidelsky, organiser of the symposium, is a British economic historian, former politician, and author of the acclaimed three-volume biography of J. M. Keynes. He is Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, UK. Christian Westerlind Wigstrom is a graduate student of philosophy at Merton College, Oxford.
Sarmila Bose, Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War
Authors: Al-Mubarak Tawfique
Published: January 2022

In 1971, by a devastating war, Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) achieved independence from (West) Pakistan. Since then, both parties have documented and presented their research findings on the war. However, many of these findings have lacked credibility. Perhaps the only objective account on the 1971 war has been Richard Sisson and Leo Rose’s War and Secession: Pakistan, India and the Creation of Bangladesh (1991). Sarmila Bose’s recent work, Dead Reckoning, today constitutes a significant contribution to the research on Bangladesh’s war of independence, all the more so for its unique methodology in using multiple sources of original information and cross-checked eyewitness testimonies from all parties involved. Pakistani army personnel as well as Bangladeshi muktijoddhas (freedom fighters) and victims of the war were interviewed to authenticate currently available materials, many of which appear to have been exaggerated with the force of emotion. This distinguishes the work from many other books authored by proponents of either party to the conflict. This book is certainly an eye-opener for researchers on the 1971 war.
Civilisational Renewal Through Spiritual Revival
Authors: Shah-Kazemi Reza
Published: January 2022

Islamic civilisation is the diversified crystallisation of the essential values of the faith of Islam. These values can be summed up in two principles, one which is ‘vertical’ and Divine, the other ‘horizontal’ and human. The Qur’an is the vertical and Divine axis; the soul of the Prophet is the horizontal and human axis: it is at the point where the two intersect that there resides the immensely creative force capable of founding an authentic civilisation. All science, all art, all culture, all philosophy, all spirituality which can in any way be defined as ‘Islamic’ derives in the final analysis from this point of intersection between the human and the Divine, between earth and Heaven, between prophetic perfection and divine revelation. As regards the nature of the Islamic Revelation, there is not simply intersection between the two axes, but also profound complementarity between the divine Message and the human Messenger: on the one hand, the prophetic character (khuluq) was akin to the Qur’an, as his wife, A’isha, tells us in a famous narrative; and on the other, his character is described in the Qur’an itself as being ‘azim, “tremendous” (68:4)—an adjective used to describe both the Qur’an and God Himself.
A Lifestyle of Moderation, or Wasatiyyah: The Islamic Perspective
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: January 2022

This article contains a review of the Islamic sources, the Qur’an and hadith, and a selection of scholarly opinion, on a variety of themes from eating and drinking, to speech and humour, to religiosity, work and leisure, art and music. The question in all of this is how to make wasatiyyah as a guide to conduct, personal lifestyle and social relations. Another question posed is whether Islam has visualised, if at all, a model personality that integrates the attributes of wasatiyyah.
Renewal and Reform for a Post-Karzai Afghanistan: A Critical Appraisal of the 2004 Constitution
Authors: Batchelor Daud AbdulFattah
Published: January 2022

With elections being held in May 2014 for a new president and in 2015 for National Assembly representatives, the opportunity exists then for amending the 2004 Afghan Constitution. The necessity exists for amendment from different perspectives; firstly because the experience of implementation over the past 10 years has highlighted some weaknesses requiring rectification, and secondly, the Taliban, a key player in the Afghan polity, rejects it as not being sufficiently Islamic. This is partly a consequence of the occupiers imposing their will during its original crafting. The excessive powers wielded by Karzai in the executive arm and the need to provide more inclusive representation in governance of such a multi-ethnic country suggest a parliamentarian system would have merits over the current presidential system. Facility is needed to ensure that any person the Afghan Human Rights Commission justly determines has committed or ordered crimes against humanity should be barred from running for any political office. Proposed election reforms would ensure a truly Independent Elections Commission, as well as synchronising expensive national and provincial elections so as to reduce election costs and security issues. To resolve current jurisdictional issues of the Supreme Court and the Independent Commission for Supervision of the Implementation of the Constitution regarding resolving constitutional issues, it is proposed that the former is provided these interpretative powers while the latter becomes a research institute, especially to enhance the understanding of what is required for Afghanistan to become an “Islamic” Republic. Specific recommendations are provided herein on what principles and features should be included in the Afghan constitution to characterise and develop it as an Islamic republic. Proposals for strengthening the role of Islamic Shariah include firstly, clarifying the role of ‘ahkam’ in the repugnancy clauses, sourcing rulings from other than the Hanafi madhhab, and expanding the applicability of the Shariah outside the courts to which it is currently restricted by the Constitution. A policy recommendation is made for the holding of a Constitutional Loya Jirga to deliberate upon various amendment proposals and the adoption of new clauses as an exercise in peace-building and stabilisation, especially involving the Taliban who would need to be fairly represented, protected, and have their views heard and considered in the constitutional amendment process.
The Significance of Hijrah in Islam
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: January 2022

Hijrah, migration or exodus, initially of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions from Mecca to Yathrib (later renamed Madinah), features prominently in the Qur’an and the teachings and Sunnah of the Prophet himself. The Prophet and his followers migrated, after thirteen years of campaign in Mecca on 1 Rabi’ al-Awwal/13 September 622 AD, arriving in Yathrib 11 days later on 24 September. The commemoration of the Hijri calendar was instituted, however, seventeen years later by the second caliph, ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634-644). The new calendar dates from the first day of the first lunar month of the year, that is, Awwal Muharram. Although ‘Umar instituted the official era, the custom of referring to events and happenings to before or after the Hijrah originated with the Prophet himself.
What is Spirituality?
Authors: Muzaffar Chandra
Published: January 2022

We concentrate briefly on three points. First: what is Spirituality? Second: the challenges one faces in bringing spirituality to the fore in our contemporary world. Thirdly: what are some possible solutions in bringing our spirituality to the fore?
Conforming or Confirming? The Task of Muslim Intelligentsia
Authors: Crow Karim Douglas
Published: January 2022

Religious Traditions flourish over time in the forms their adherents re-live and re-imagine them. By this creative historical process great religions have continually adapted themselves, successive generations reshaping and transforming received Tradition. And religion still holds the power to re-shape individuals and to transform the human existence we share in common. “To re-live or to re-imagine inherited religious traditions” - what does this mean in the age of pervasive globalisation? The great majority of religious adherents are convinced that their own doctrinal faith tradition has maintained its original integrity reaching them essentially unaltered with a pristine efficacy continuing to function as it did over centuries. For most religious persons Truth is ever one and the same, it does not change fashionably with the times but retains eternal validity with its original format. Our responsibility is to conform to this unchanging truth - not to realise its confirmation in one’s direct experience.
Love and Forgiveness in Governance
Authors: Albar Syed Hamid
Published: January 2022

What is lacking in our world today? Why are so many parts of the globe experiencing conflict? In my view, there is an absence of love and forgiveness which brings us to our current state. We see it in Europe, the Middle East, and even in Asia. The current conflicts within or amongst nations and people are mostly due to the detachment of our outer self from our inner self. Remember that human beings are all children of Adam, and God in His wisdom created us all differently so that we may learn to harness our sense of love and forgiveness towards each other. The word “love” here refers to a desire for good and for the benefit to come to others (Hamza Yusuf, 2012:19). Admittedly, there exists good and evil in all of us, and when we react to situations using our base instincts (our outer self so to speak), there is always the possibility of evil coming to the fore.
Enhancing Cyclical Stability by Interest-Free Banking
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Karim
Published: January 2022

Cyclical instability in the form of business cycles has been a bane of modern economies for decades. A major cause of business cycles is the introduction and utilisation of debt financing. Remedies based on the Keynesian paradigm provide only temporary stopgap measures that, while alleviating conditions in the short term only make the problem of instability worse in the long run. The main reason is that Keynes’ analysis fails to trace cyclical instability to its real cause, which is financing spending - private as well as public – by borrowing. Accordingly, this paper argues that achieving cyclical stability requires replacing ‘financing by borrowing at interest’ with ‘financing on the basis of risk sharing.’ This can be expected not only to reduce not only cyclical instability, but to bring other benefits as well.
Synergy in Halal Supply Chains
Authors: Tieman Marco
Published: January 2022

Integrity of halal supply chains is becoming an increasing concern for government and industry. There are a number of reasons for this. First, halal integrity issues are more likely to occur than before due to the increasing complexity of supply chains. Second, the complexity of today’s supply chain, with a high percentage of imported ingredients, is making integrity issues harder to detect. Third, halal integrity issues once detected go viral on the internet, exposing the integrity of a country’s halal system and the brand owner concerned. The neglect of halal requirements throughout the entire supply chain is gradually weakening consumer confidence in halal certified products.
Catarina Kinvall and Paul Nesbitt-Larking, The Political Psychology of Globalization : Muslim in the West
Authors: Mohiuddin Asif
Published: January 2022

Catarina Kinvall and Paul Nesbitt-Larking, The Political Psychology of Globalization: Muslim in the West
FREQUENCY OF THORACOLUMBAR JUNCTION DYSFUNCTION AMONG EQUESTRIAN POLO ATHLETES
Authors:   Lahore College of Physical Therapy, LMDC Lahore Pakistan, Aleem Mahina , Afzal Muhammad Faheem ,   PSRD College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan, Haider Hafiz Muhammad Manan ,   Assistant Professor College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Islamabad Pakistan, Khan Lal Gul ,   Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences Riphah International University Islamabad Pakistan
Published: January 2022

Background: Low back pain among equestrian sports is because of the significant connection between thoracolumbar junction dysfunction (TLJD) and its commencement in equestrian sports; appearing as low back ache spreading out to the adjoining sites and structures. Objective: To determine the frequency of Thoracolumbar Junction Dysfunction (TLJD) among Equestrian Polo Athletes Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of n=108 was conducted at different polo clubs of Lahore and Islamabad Pakistan for the duration of 6 months from July 2020 to December 2020. Participants were selected via non-probability convenient sampling technique. Male athletes between 18 to 50 years of age, non-competitive with mechanical low back pain were included in the study. Athletes who fulfill the inclusion criteria were assessed using Robert Maigne’s Gold standard examination protocol. SPSS version 21 was used for data entrance and Descriptive analysis was done to present the results of study. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 36.86±6.65 years, duration in sports was 13.58±4.81 in years and frequency of participation in sports was 3.648±0.75 days per week. Total n=108 athletes were examined for TLJD, 66.7% (n=72) were found to be positive with the thoracolumbar junction dysfunction. Conclusion: Thoracolumbar Junction Dysfunction among Equestrian Polo Athletes was an immensely prevailing condition Keywords: Athletes, athletic injuries, dysfunction, overuse injuries.
Лев Урало-Казахстанских степей… (Памяти Л.Л. Гайдученко)
Authors: Лошакова Татьяна Николаевна , Шевнина Ирина Викторовна
Published: January 2022

В статье кратко излагаются основные вехи творческого пути известного археозоолога ‑ Леонида Леонидовича Гайдученко. В научной среде имя Л.Л. Гайдученко связано с исследованием памятников древней истории в аспекте решения проблем палеоэкологии, эволюции хозяйственной деятельности, развития древних технологий в Урало-Казахстанских степях. В хронологическом отношении изученные им комплексы охватывают период эпохи камня и палеометалла. Среди памятников, материалы которых изучал Л.Л. Гайдученко, можно назвать палеолитические местонахождения на оз. Маралды в Северо-Восточном Казахстане, верхнепалеолитическую стоянку на Иртыше, стоянку Токтаул, поселения Кожай 1, Ботай, Кумкешу 1, Борлы, Токсанбай, Конезавод I, Талдысай и Донгал, могильники Халвай и Таксай 1. Особого внимания заслуживает разработанная им авторская методика по изучению пригаров на сосудах и изучение вопроса освоения пищевых ресурсов древним населением. О широте интересов Л.Л. Гайдученко свидетельствует проведенные им эксперименты по реконструкции древних технологий плавки меди и разработка проблемы сложения жертвенных комплексов могильника Бестамак. О признании научного наследия Л.Л. Гайдученко и его высоких человечествах качествах свидетельствуют воспоминания коллег.
История открытия и изучения первого манихейского храма в Сибири. Часть 2
Authors: Кызласов Игорь Леонидович
Published: January 2022

Данная статья – продолжение первой части, опубликованной в предыдущем номере журнала. Полевой опыт, полученный при раскопках культовых зданий на городище Ак-Бешим в Кыргызстане в 1953–1954 гг., был перенесен Л.Р. Кызласовым в Южную Сибирь и успешно применен в 1971–1981 гг. Был обнаружен и изучен первый манихейский храм в котловине Соргá (Хакасия), а затем и целая серия подобных сакральных построек в низовьях р. Уйбат, которая уже с 1974 г. раскапывалась в течение 8-ми полевых сезонов. Проведение крупномасштабных, длительных раскопочных работ во втором обнаруженном храмово-монастырском центре, обработка их результатов и постоянный сравнительный и обобщающий анализ всех материалов, полученных полевыми исследованиями, с годами привели к точному религиозному определению всех 12-ти изученных храмов и святилищ. Определяющими оказались идущие из древности взгляды, проявившиеся в храмовом зодчестве, – почитание 7 небесных светил привело к выработке и канонизации архитектурно-планиграфического символизма культовых сооружений. Они отличались по форме для каждого из этих небесных тел и сакрально значимых космических явлений. Перечень геометрического многообразия планировок манихейских храмов, содержащийся в сочинении ал-Масуди (Х в.), удалось подтвердить и дополнить свидетельствами аш-Шахристани (XII в.) и ад-Димешки (XIV в.). Эти данные позволили Л.Р. Кызласову во всех основных деталях понять встреченное им при раскопках ранее невиданное разнообразие устройства храмовых зданий и святилищ обоих культовых центров Хакасии. Тогда и поныне манихейские храмы были и остаются неизвестными археологам – наука о древностях раскрыла совершенно новую страницу не только в сибиреведении, но и в тюркологическом востоковедении в целом.
Иерархия общества раннего железного века Западного Казахстана по материалам комплекса Жайык (VI–IV вв. до н.э.)
Authors: Лукпанова Яна Амангелдиевна
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию мужских захоронений из кургана № 1 могильника Жайык-1, исследованного в полевом сезоне 2019 г. Раскопки были запланированы в связи с проектированием комплекса «Городище Жайык». Курганная группа Жайык-1 состояла из трех земляных насыпей и была расположена на некрополе городища Жайык. Курган № 1 был разрушен тяжелой техникой, на периферии кургана № 2 сооружены ворота, курган № 3 – засыпан мусором. В результате археологических исследований в кургане № 1, окруженном кольцевым рвом с обозначенным входом с южной стороны, было изучено 14 погребений. К западу от центральной могилы были погребены женщины – пять комплексов, с восточной стороны мужчины – восемь, два в центральном погребении. Всего 15 индивидов, которые были погребены в ямах, расположенных полукольцом вокруг центральной ямы, основная их часть ориентирована головой на Ю, ЮЗ, ЮВ Полученный материал разновременный, отложившийся на протяжении нескольких веков от V–IV до IV–III вв. до н.э. Мужские захоронения в отличие от женских со скромным вещевым набором, три погребения из восьми принадлежат воинам, одно погребение ребенку. Их статус был выше по отношению к другим мужским захоронениям в кургане. Один индивид захоронен вниз животом, скелет другого взрослого человека погребен на дне рва и обезглавлен. Результаты исследования кургана № 1 показали перспективность исследования данного памятника, выявили ряд вопросов по археологии ранних кочевников эпохи железа, выделяя проблемы социальной организации, иерархии общества.
Respiratory Tract Infection in non-Breastfed Infants
Authors: Ahmed Naheem , Khan Manzoor Ali , Ahmad Raja Imtiaz , Bibi Rashada , Khursheed Amara , Maria Gilani Syeda
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of non-breastfed infants presenting to the pediatric department with respiratory tract infection. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Pediatrics, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Nahyan Hospital CMH Muzaffarabad, during a period of six months from May 2020 to October 2020. All patients between 1 month to 12 months visiting OPD or admitting in pediatric ward with respiratory tract infection and either gender were included. Information regarding baseline demographic characteristics was recorded. The mothers were interviewed about feeding pattern of the infants. All information was recorded on the prescribed proforma. Results: A total of two hundred and forty-five children were studied, and their average age was 7.4±2.8 months. Males were 54.3% and females were 45.7%. Out of all 29.8% (n=73/245) of infants found who had never been breastfed. No significant difference was found according to the effect modifiers (P>0.05). Conclusion: A remarkable proportion of infants (29.8%) who presented with respiratory tract infection had never been breastfed. Counseling programs should be done for mothers to modify their perceptions regarding breastfeeding and its benefits. It is suggested that the public health authorities should launch awareness programs for the public about benefits of breastfeeding and its role in the prevention of infections in infants. Keywords: Breast feeding, Non-breastfed, Respiratory Tract Infection
Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Correlation of RBC Distribution Width with Syntax Score
Authors: Irfan Adan , Faheem Muhammad , Rehman Abdul
Published: January 2022

Background and objective: RDW (Red blood cells distribution width) is basically a numerical value and measure of the variability in size of erythrocytes. The main objective of the study is to analyse the correlation of RBC Distribution width with syntax score. Material and methods: This correlational study was conducted in Shalamar Medical & Dental College Lahore During June 2020 till December 2020. The data was collected from 120 patients. The age range for this study was 25 to 60 years and patients with non-STEMI undergoing invasive coronary angiography were included in the study. A comprehensive clinical history along with detailed history for major risk factors for IHD was taken from all patients followed by detailed clinical examination. Results: The data was collected from 120 patients of NSTEMI patients. There were 85 males and 35 females and mean age was 54.25±5.67 years. There were no statistical difference between low and intermediate SYNTAX group patients. There were 65.78% patients who had the history of smoking and 34.9% patients with hypertension. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a strong and positive correlation between mean RDW and mean SYNTAX score in patients of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Key words: RDW, Score, Erythrocytes, SYNTAX
A Cross Sectional Study on the Outcome of Rubber Band Ligation in third Degree Hemorrhoids
Authors: Ahmad Khan Rizwan , Khaliq Khan Fareeha , Hassan Maaz ul , Naveed Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the outcome of rubber band ligation in third degree hemorrhoids. Methods: - This design of this study was cross sectional study. The study was conducted at Shalamar medical and dental college, Lahore and the duration of this study was from April 2020 to September 2021. 215 patients were seen with complain of hemorrhoids, of which 47 had 3rd degree hemorrhoids. All patients with 3rd degree hemorrhoids underwent for rubber band ligation and were enrolled in the study. Outcome in our study was defined as pain, bleeding, constipation, anal fissure/fistula and infection. Chi- square test (χ2) of all qualitative variables was applied by taking p-value < 0.05 as significant. Results: - Of 47 patients admitted with 3rd degree hemorrhoid, 30 were males and 17 were females. The mean age of males was 38.78±12.71 while mean females age were found to be 22.73± 7.25 respectively. The most common complaint following rubber band ligation (RBL) was pain. 19 out of 47 patients were presented with pain followed by bleeding (14), constipation (13), anal fissure/fistula (10) and infection (8) which constitutes about 22.34 %, 22.78%15.32% and 14.03% respectively. There was significant relationship found between gender and anal fissure/fistula with p-value of <0.05. Conclusion: - Patients with 3rd degree hemorrhoids after RBL procedure showed fewer complications comparable to other surgical procedures in the treatment of hemorrhoids. It is the best possible options in third degree internal hemorrhoids. Moreover, this procedure is simple and cost-effective and requires no hospitalization, no anesthesia and no post-operative care. Keywords: - 3rd degree Hemorrhoids, Outcome, Rubber Band Ligation.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Flexible Intramedullary Nailing (FIN) with External Fixation in Pediatric Open Tibial Fractures
Authors: Yasin Awan Malik M. , Nazar Mudassar , Qayyum Baig Abdul , Anwar Rizwan , Abdul Hanan Muhammad , Tanveer Omer Farooq
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the clinical outcome of flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) with external fixator in pediatric open tibial fractures. Subjects and Methods: In this randomized comparative study, 80 children having age 5 year to 14 years who presented with open tibial fractures were included. The study was conducted from June-2020 to June-2021 in Islam Hospital Sialkot and Allama Iqbal Memorial Hospital Sialkot. Patients were divided into two equal groups. Group A: underwent external fixation and group B: underwent flexible intramedullary nailing for the surgical management of tibial fractures. Frequency of infections surrounding pins, painful bursitis and re fracture rate within 3 months after surgery was recorded. Results: The mean age of children was 8.42±3.82 years in external fixator group versus 8.40±4.0 years in FIN group (p-value 0.97). Infection-surrounding pins occurred in 9 (22.5%) children were belonging to external fixator group and 01 (2.5%) children was belonging to FIN group (p-value 0.007). Refracture occurred in 6 (15.0%) patients in external fixator group and in no (0.0%) children in FIN group (p-value 0.01). Painful bursitis occurred 2 (5.0%) patient was in external fixator group and in 13 (32.5%) in FIN group (p-value 0.002). Conclusion: Clinical outcome is better in patients treated with FIN as compared to the external fixator for the treatment of pediatric open tibial shaft fractures. Keywords: Flexible intramedullary nails, External fixator, Tibial fractures.
Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome in a Child with Recent Covid-19 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Alqahtani Youssef A. , Shati Ayed A. , Alhanshani Ahmad A. , Tobeigei Faisal H. , Alqahtani Saleh M.
Published: January 2022

Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome is a rare skin disease affecting children at the first years of age. The condition is clinically featured by blisters on the skin of the legs, buttocks and arms. A history of viral infection preceding the disease was reported for many cases. A 12-month-old boy, free of any medical illnesses, was presented with a history of acute-onset rash for five days prior to presentation that was preceded by a history of fever for two days then subsided. The rashes appeared initially on his buttocks, then spread to his upper and lower extremities and trunk. The child had fever, sore throat and coryza symptoms with lethargy. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swab was taken to test for SARS-CoV-2, which was positive two weeks before rash onset. All symptoms resolved in 1 week with supportive therapy and the current rashes appeared two weeks later in the patient. Gianotti–Crosti syndrome may follow the active phase of infection for some cases. It should not be misdiagnosed with dermatological simple eruptive disorders. The clinical features for covid-19 associated infection are typical for the well-known clinical picture of the syndrome. The case was reported to improve clinicians’ awareness and help in better understanding and reporting cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19. Keywords: Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome; Infants; Children; covid-19; Corona
Workplace Violence Against Police Officers and The Effect of Workplace Violence on Mental Health
Authors: Dursun Salih , Serpil Aytac Sevinc
Published: January 2022

Aim: The aim of the research is to reveal the prevalence of violence against police officers and to examine the effect of being subjected to violence on their mental health. Methods: The sample of the research consists of 339 police officers working in different duty areas. Questionnaire technique was used to collect data in the study. The questionnaire form consists of two parts. In the first part of the questionnaire, there are questions to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants (age, gender, marital status, education level, working year, etc.). In the second part of the questionnaire, there are questions to measure workplace violence and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. SPSS 23.0 package program was used in the analysis of the research data. Frequency distribution, descriptive statistics and t-test were used in the analysis of the data. Results: In the current study, it has been determined that 39.2% of police officers have been exposed to at least one type of workplace violence in the last 1 year. It was observed that the most common type of violence was verbal violence (28.9%). The results show that exposure to workplace violence negatively affects the stress and depression levels of police officers. Conclusion: Research results show that workplace violence is an important risk factor for police officers. Being exposed to violence also negatively affects the mental health of police officers. These results show the importance of implementing policies to prevent violence against police officers. Keywords: Police Officers, Workplace Violence, Stress, Depression And Anxiety
Extra Burden on Urology Outdoor Due to Non Urology Flank Pain
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Ali Shahzad , Valecha Naresh Kumar , Ali Arif , Ahmed Khan Saeed , Mansoor Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Background: Flank pain is one of common urological emergency. It can be result of various causes. Most commonly results from one of three causes: urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney stones, and musculoskeletal problems like a muscle strain or pinched nerve. Objective: Determine frequency of none urological flank pain burden in urology outdoors. Methods: This was prospective descriptive case study conducted at department of urology and transplantation at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi from September 2020 to December 2020. All patients with flank pain, who visited in urology outdoor, were included in study. All patients had detailed history and physical examination. Urinalysis and ultrasound abdomen were done in all patients. CT KUB was also done in patients who had abnormal ultrasound finding of kidney ureter and bladder. Results: Total 100 patients were included in this study, 41 (41%) male while 59 (59%) patients were females. 45 patients had right sided pain, 34 had left sided while remaining 21 patients had bilateral flank pain and six patients had also lower urinary tract symptoms along with pain. 13 patients had positive renal punch on examination, 23 patients had positive straight leg rising sign and rest of the 64 patients’ examination was unremarkable. 55 patients had urology related pathology on ultrasound, in 9 patients had non urological pathology and rest 36 patients it was unremarkable. CT KUB was done in all 55 patients who had positive findings on ultrasound showing pathology in kidney and ureter in which 47 patients CT scan had confirmed the diagnosis while in 8 patients it was in remarkable. Conclusion: flank pain is not always secondary to renal origin. It has wide spectrum of alternative significant causes also. Keywords: Flank pain, none urological, CT KUB
A Study of Prominent Ears Among Undergraduates in Delta State University at Abraka in Nigeria
Authors: Ese Anibor , Mabel Okiemute Etetafia , Richard Ovwigho Omunu , Susan Onyekachi Martins
Published: January 2022

The goal of this inquiry is to establish the pervasiveness of prominent ears among undergraduates of Delta State University, Abraka in Nigeria.The outcome can act as a guide during correctional surgical measures in congenital or acquired ear defects. This enquiry adopted an observational cross-sectional study plan. The study sample comprised of both male and female undergraduates of Delta State University, Abraka aged between 16-30 years. Exactly 384 individuals (184 males and 200 females) were sampled and the cluster sampling procedure was practiced. Data was collected with the aid of a sliding vernier caliper, pencil, and a data collection sheet. Every subject’s head was kept in Frankfort’s horizontal plane and dimensions were taken with a sliding caliper. Ear projection greater than 21mm was defined as ear prominence. Totality of 36 (9.38%) had small right ear while 28 (7.29%) had small left ear. Prominent ear was more prevalent on the right region (n=44, 11.45%) than on the left (n=19, 4.95%). Entirety of 63 (16.4%) had prominent ears with more males affected compared to the females. The gender disparity in the occurrence of prominent ears is not remarkable (p>0.05). The relationship between age and the occurrence of prominent ears was remarkable (p=.000). Indubitably prominent ear is not widespread among the considered undergraduates.
Clinical Aspects of Microcephaly Patients Regarding Endocrine Profile
Authors: Ain Qurat-ul- , Hamid Shmyla , Sarfraz Farrukh , Iqbal Junaid , Khan Saima Rubab , Ain Noor-ul-
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Microcephaly is characterized as an occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) underneath the third centile or more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for sex, age, and ethnicity. The term ‘severe’ microcephaly is connected to an OFC more than 3SD below the mean. Microcephaly is associated with a reduction in brain volume and frequently intellectual and/or motor inabilities. The pathogenesis of microcephaly is heterogeneous, extending from hereditary causes to environmental components that can have an effect on developmental process that impact brain size. Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare the BMI and endocrine profile of patients having microcephaly with age matched to normal siblings in their families. Materials and Methods: Study design: Quantitative cross sectional Settings: Services Hospital Lahore Duration: 01 year i.e. 1st January 2020 to 30th December 2020 Methodology: This is a quantitative cross sectional study arrangement based on 12 persons. On the basis of microcephaly, the subjects were separated into the two groups: Group I: Subjects with microcephaly (n=10), Group II: Normal kin as controls (n=2). Five families including add up to of 12 individuals was selected. Ten people with microcephaly (cases) and two normal kin (without microcephaly) were taken as controls. Cooperation of the subjects in this study was selected voluntarily and written informed consent was taken to take part in the study from each individual and from their guardians. The individuals and their guardians were educated about the potential benefits and risks of this study. Results: There was little difference within the mean age of microcephaly individuals as compared to healthy siblings. Conclusion: In light of this study it can be recommended that there's a significant affiliation of BMI and microcephaly but the affiliation of Leptin, Cortisol, GH and TSH with microcephaly seem not be found as proposed by non-significant results. This may moreover emphasize on heredity perspective of this condition. Keywords: Microcephaly, Leptin, Growth Hormone, BMI, TSH
Evaluation of Students to Select Different Educational Technique Using Dreem
Authors: Hamid Shmyla , Sarfraz Farrukh , Razaq Nadeem , Ikram Sadia , Iqbal Junaid , Saif Ullah Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Problem-Based Learning (PBL) could be an instructing strategy in which complex real-world issues are utilized as the vehicle to promote student learning of concepts and standards as opposed to direct introduction of facts and ideas. In expansion to course content, PBL can promote the improvement of basic thinking aptitudes, problem-solving abilities, and communication skills. It can also show new horizons for working in group to become a lifelong learner. Objective: To evaluate the educational environment in medical and allied health sciences students at Rawalpindi Medical University. Material & Method: Study design: quantitative cross sectional Settings: Rawalpindi Medical University Duration: Six months i.e. 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021 Methodology: The students of medical from medical college and Physiotherapy from allied health sciences have been selected. Pre validated questionnaire DREEM was used to evaluate the perception of educational environment at Rawalpindi Medical University students for using educational strategies. The students enrolled in the study after giving consent. Results: The total number and percentages were 1200/1750 (68.5%) from medical students and 70/150 (46.6%) from allied health sciences participated in the study from Rawalpindi Medical University. Table 2 shows two groups, total participants, maximum score, mean value, Standard deviation and p value. The overall DREEM score of medical group was 135/200 which use PBL approach and Allied group score was 102/200 which was on traditional strategy. It is also noticed that mean score from the medical group is greater than 3 while Allied health sciences lower than 2. Conclusion: Differentiating student discernments of educational environments appear related with the medical schools embracing different educational methodologies in our setting. Cautious and detailed interpretation of DREEM symptomatic results can be utilized to identify qualities and shortcomings of educational program and needed intervention. In any case to sort of educational programs experienced, institutional mediations show up fundamental in the areas of academic and social support and stress management. Continuous assessment of learning situations ought to be linked to making strides the instructive encounters for medical students. Keywords: PBL, DREEM, Educational Environment, Learning
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Corona (COVID-19) among General Population in Pakistan
Authors: Shakoor Asma , Sana Aleeza , Hassan Hammad , Ahmed Farhan , Sajjad Sadia , Arshad Maheen , Tariq Amina
Published: January 2022

Objective: COVID-19 began in Wuhan, China, and has since spread around the world, becoming the leading cause of death in 2020 from the day it infected the first human. The aim of this study was to determine how well the general public knew about COVID-19 and to investigate their attitudes and practices. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted for the period of two months from July 2021 to August 2021.The sample size was 907. Questionnaire was divided into three components and gathered information about demographic data, knowledge of COVID-19 and their practice section that involves steps taken by the individual to prevent contracting the infection and data was analysed. Results: In this study, 51 %( 463) participants were males and 49 %( 444) were females. 91% of respondents responded that they are aware of the fact that covid-19 is contagious infection. 54% of candidates take preventive measures such as they wash hands frequently, use hand sanitizer, steam inhalation, wear facemasks etc. 50% of respondents are practicing social distance through only going out for essentials for food items, while 16% do social distancing by working from home. Conclusion: The participants indicated a high level of awareness about the COVID-19 pandemic, its outbreak, and basic information about it. Educated people are more likely to believe the scientific facts thus more compliance with preventive measures.The majority of them were satisfied with the actions done by the Government of Punjab. Keywords: Awareness; Attitude; Practices; COVID-19; Public.
Incidence, Distribution, and Determinants of Suicide by Self-Poisoning in two Egyptian Provinces
Authors: Kasemy Zeinab A. , Amin Safaa A. , Sharif Asmaa F. , Fayed M. M. , Desouky D. E. , Salama Amal A. , M. A. S. Hanaa , aaty N. B. Abdel-
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Suicide by self-poisoning is a serious public health problem that accounts for global morbidities and mortalities. This work aims to study the incidence, trend, and determinants of suicide by self-poisoning in two Egyptian provinces. Methods: The current study is a bi-designed two-phases observational study carried out in two Egyptian poison control centers including Menoufia Poison Control Center (MPCC) and Tanta Poison Control Center (TPCC). A total of 7,802 patients were enrolled. The first phase of the current study was conducted retrospectively to show the trend of suicide attempts over 2016, 2017, and 2018 when the cases diagnosed as suicide by self-poisoning were extracted from medical record. The second part was conducted prospectively (January 2019-Januaray 2020) among cases of suicide by self-poisoning and accidental poisoning. Results: The current study revealed that incidence of poisoning exposure no matter what its type represented 34.99/100,000 (CI95%: 33.84–36.20) distributed as 28.18/100,000 (CI95%: 27.14–29.26) for suicide by self-poisoning and 6.82/100,000 (6.32–7.36) for accidental poisoning. The suicide by self-poisoning death rate represented 2.08/100,000 (1.90–2.49). The suicide by self-poisoning was significantly associated with young age <25years, low socioeconomic status, being a student or not working. Conclusion: Suicide by self-poisoning shows a continuous increase across time raising a serious concern. Collaborative Efforts are required by to conduct health education and enforce legislation to overcome this serious condition. Keywords: Aluminum phosphide; Egypt; pesticides; self-poisoning; suicide
Perceived Stress, Emotional Exhaustion and Burnout among Medical and Dental Undergraduate Students
Authors: Waheed Shahid , Ansar Malik Khizar , Ahmad Malik Hamraz , Batool Naqvi Nabgha , Shaikh Gul M. , Durrani A. Umar , Tariq Amina
Published: January 2022

Objective: to explore the level of perceived stress, emotional exhaustion and burnout among students of private dental and medical colleges in Lahore Method: This analytical crossectional study was designed and conducted, and data was collected using Emotional exhaustion scale (10 items; Cronbach’s alpha=.78),21 Perceived Stress Scale (14 items, Cronbach’s alpha=.80),22 and Maslach Burnout Inventory (15 items; Cronbach’s alpha=.79).23 Total sample was 150 undergraduate students (75 from medical college 4th year and 75 from dental college 4th year). Results: The results of independent sample t test revealed a significant difference between the level of perceived stress (t=-24.02, P=.020), emotional exhaustion (t=-18.51, P=.001) and burnout (t=12.871, P=.010) among medical and dental undergraduate students Conclusion: Perceived stress, emotional exhaustion and burnout was found more among students of medical colleges as compared to the students of dental colleges Keywords: Perceived stress, Emotional exhaustion, Burnout, Medical Professionals