bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Virtual Node Selection Scheme of Cell-Based Smoothed Radial Point Interpolation Method (CS-RPIM) for Mid-Frequency Acoustic Problems
Authors: Xiao Qihang , Zhang Guiyong , Chen Zhigang , Hu Huan , Wang Shuangqiang , Xu Youyun
Published: May 2022

Due to the “overly-stiff” nature, it has been proved that the finite element method (FEM) is inevitable to suffer from the dispersion error when solving mid-frequency acoustic problems. In order to overcome this defect, in this study, a novel virtual node selection scheme of changing the virtual node’s position with a parameter is proposed, which is used to construct the condensed shape function of the cell-based radial point interpolation method (CS-RPIM) to soften the stiffness of discrete model. Based on the generalized gradient smoothing technique (GGST) and the condensed shape function technique, the present method provides a “close-to-exact” stiffness for discrete system model, which controls the dispersion error from the root. Several numerical examples have been researched to verify the performance of the proposed method in mid-frequency acoustic simulations. Moreover, with the excellent robustness, the present method lays a good foundation for solving complex practical engineering problems.
Radial Point Interpolation Method for Isotropic Nanoplates in Bending Using Strain Gradient Theory
Authors: Saitta Serena , Fabbrocino Francesco , Vescovini Riccardo , Fantuzzi Nicholas , Luciano Raimondo
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the static bending of isotropic Kirchhoff’s nanoplates modelled using the second-order strain gradient theory. The numerical analysis is conducted using mesh free methods instead of traditional finite elements. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such meshless methods have been employed in the analysis of strain gradient nanoplates. Hermite radial point interpolation method is used to approximate the bending degrees of freedom. Plates with different geometries and simply supported boundary conditions are studied. The results are then compared with the analytical solution available in the literature.
An Anisotropic Continuum Damage Mechanics Model for the Simulation of Yield Surface Evolution and Ratcheting
Authors: Surmiri Azam , Rokhgireh Hojjatollah , Nayebi Ali
Published: May 2022

A new anisotropic continuum damage model was presented on the basis of irreversible thermodynamics. Second rank symmetric damage tensor, kinematic hardening tensor, and damage potential surface were introduced. The yield surface in this study has been modeled to distort in the stress space by the evolution of the damage tensor. The new model was applied in yield surface characterization and led to a well description of the subsequent yield surfaces. This model is then applied to predict experimental results of the cyclic nonproportional loading paths obtained by Kang et al. [2004], Hassan et al. [2002] and Taleb and Cailletaud [2011]. It is demonstrated that the new model can predict the yield surface distortion and the ratcheting strains of multiaxial nonproportional cyclic loading with acceptable accuracy and by using less material constants with respect to the previous models.
Analysis of a population model with advection and an autocatalytic-type growth
Authors: Manoranjan Valipuram , Alzaleq Lewa’
Published: May 2022

This paper analyzes a population model with time-dependent advection and an autocatalytic-type growth. As opposed to a logistic growth where the rate of growth of the population decreases from the onset, an autocatalytic growth has a point of inflection where the rate of growth switches from an increasing trend to a decreasing trend. Employing the idea of Painlevé property, we show that a variety of exact traveling wave solutions can be obtained for this model depending on the choice of the advection term. In particular, due to situations in resource distribution or environmental variations, if the advection is represented as a decaying function in time or an oscillating function in time, we are able to find exact solutions with interesting behavior. We also carry out a computational study of the model using an exponentially upwinded numerical scheme and illustrate the movement of the solutions and their characteristics pictorially.
Traveling wave solutions for a discrete diffusive epidemic model with asymptomatic carriers
Authors: Zhang Ran , Li Dan , Sun Hongquan
Published: May 2022

This paper mainly concerns about the traveling wave solution (TWS) for a discrete diffusive epidemic model with asymptomatic carriers. Analysis of the model shows that the minimum wave speed [Formula: see text] exists if a threshold [Formula: see text] is greater than one. With the help of sub- and super-solutions, we find that the condition for the existence of TWS is [Formula: see text] and wave speed [Formula: see text]. Further, we prove that the TWS connects two different boundary steady states. Through the arguments with Laplace transform, we show there is no TWS for the model if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text].
Microwave hydrothermal synthesis and antibacterial activity of cocklebur-shaped Cu4O3 microparticles
Authors: Wang Qi , Jin Huiwen , Qu Zehang , Jiang Xinrui , Zhang Xiaole
Published: May 2022

In this work, cocklebur-shaped Cu4O3 microstructure was synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal reduction. The product obtained under microwave heating at a low-power setting for five min has a typical Xanthium-like morphology of 1.0 [Formula: see text]m × 1.5 [Formula: see text]m with uniform spines on the surface. The tetragonal crystalline and mixed valence of copper in the materials were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, respectively. The high antibacterial activity toward the test strains was validated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test (156.25 mg L[Formula: see text] and 312.5 mg L[Formula: see text] for Escherichia coli, 78.12 mg L[Formula: see text] and 156.25 mg L[Formula: see text] for Staphylococcus aureus) and shake-flask inactivation experiments. The results of the free radical quenching test coupled with reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection with electron spin resonance (ESR) trapping prove that the antibacterial activity is mainly from the singlet oxygen generated in the suspension.
Machine learning approaches to resolve uncertain and conflicting inputs of patients with polytrauma cases
Authors: Sri Vidhya S. R. , Karthi Anitha
Published: May 2022

Picture highlights can be separated in different ways based on the shape highlights, shading highlights and surface highlights. There is a wide requirement for fragmenting objects in complex circumstances and recognizable proof of the articles. It has become mind-boggling because of the changeability of articles and the foundation. This paper targets planning a mixture approach called Enhanced Fractal Texture Analysis with Layout Descriptor by breaking down different element extraction and item acknowledgment methods. In this interaction, at first, the Adaptive Switching Median Filter pre-processes the picture. This is accomplished by eliminating commotion that is available in the picture without losing the fine characteristics. Other than the commotion decrease, safeguard edges are tended to a clamour-secured edge identifier. Afterward, in the morphological inclination method, which is the mix of shape and surface slope expulsion is applied for acquiring the characteristics of the picture. This methodology upholds further developing exactness expectations for the item. This planning strategy extricates shape included from the principal stage yield. Different subtleties like smallness, unpredictability and second invariants can be obtained in the methodology. The crossover approach diminishes the execution time when contrasted with the existing methods. This plan is powerful and creates better qualities as far as execution assessment. The term ‘coronary sickness’ suggests that square veins may provoke the conditions like cardiovascular disappointment, chest torture or stroke. The heart conditions will affect the heart’s muscle, valves, brain (cerebral aneurysm) or musicality inciting the heart pollution and sidestepping activity or coronary mediation which is utilized for settling these issues. In this examination work, a sensible cluster-based deep neural network (DNN) approach is proposed to recognize the angiographic coronary sickness (for instance to perceive the patients with half expansiveness abatement of a huge coronary vein). The educational assortment is collected using K-means clustering estimation and a while later the coronary sickness is expected using bunch based significant learning approach. The proposed method is differentiated and has various limits for classifier estimations like DNN, SVM-linear, SVM-polynomial, KNN, ELM, ELM-pack, and to show the system reasonability to the extent precision.
THE ROLE OF BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN DEEP DECARBONIZATION
Authors: KIM SON H. , WALDHOFF STEPHANIE T. , EDMONDS JAMES A.
Published: May 2022

The transportation sector is experiencing a period of unprecedented and disruptive change from the rapid improvement in the performance and cost of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). We quantify the carbon mitigation cost impact from transport electrification with BEVs under policies to limit the Earth surface temperature change to [Formula: see text]C. Our results show that the reduction in carbon mitigation costs from transport electrification is as high as 40%. While BEVs without decarbonization policies merely shift the sources of emissions, aggressive BEV adoption with policies dramatically reduces the cost of addressing climate change because power sector decarbonization costs are capped by a broad range of emission-free power technologies. The decarbonization of electricity caps road transport decarbonization costs with BEVs. Without BEVs, transportation decarbonization costs escalate as the liquid fuel costs rise sharply with carbon penalties on fossil fuels and large-scale biofuels production. Electrification of transport with BEVs transforms a “problem” sector into a major part of the climate solution.
Nonlinear flutter analysis of functionally graded carbon
Authors: Thu Duong Thi Ngoc , Chung Nguyen Thai , Dang Nguyen Van
Published: May 2022

In this paper, geometrical nonlinear flutter analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plates is presented. The governing equations of the system are obtained using the Mindlin plate theory and von Karman geometric nonlinearity. The linear piston theory is utilized to determine the aerodynamic pressure. Applying the Hamilton principle, equations of motion of a system are derived in the matrix form, and then the finite element method is used to obtain the discretized equations. Application of Newmark’s time integration and Newton–Raphson method are used to solve the nonlinear oscillation equations for determining the nonlinear flutter response and critical flow velocity. To check the validity of the present formulation, numerical results are compared with the previous data in the literature. The effects of stiffeners, type carbon nanotube (CNT) and angle of attack of airflow, thickness (ratio h/a) of the plate on critical airflow velocity and nonlinear dynamic response of the SFG-CNTRC plates are studied.
The software industry is
still
the problem
Authors: Kamp Poul-Henning
Published: May 2022

The time is (also) way overdue for IT professional liability.
Our house is on fire
Authors: Knowles Bran , Widdicks Kelly , Blair Gordon , Berners-Lee Mike , Friday Adrian
Published: May 2022

The climate emergency and computing's responsibility.
My Tweets Bring All the Traits to the Yard: Predicting Personality and Relational Traits in Online Social Networks
Authors: Karanatsiou Dimitra , Sermpezis Pavlos , Gruda Dritjon , Kafetsios Konstantinos , Dimitriadis Ilias , Vakali Athena
Published: May 2022

Users in Online Social Networks (OSNs,) leave traces that reflect their personality characteristics. The study of these traces is important for several fields, such as social science, psychology, marketing, and others. Despite a marked increase in research on personality prediction based on online behavior, the focus has been heavily on individual personality traits, and by doing so, largely neglects relational facets of personality. This study aims to address this gap by providing a prediction model for holistic personality profiling in OSNs that includes socio-relational traits (attachment orientations) in combination with standard personality traits. Specifically, we first designed a feature engineering methodology that extracts a wide range of features (accounting for behavior, language, and emotions) from the OSN accounts of users. Subsequently, we designed a machine learning model that predicts trait scores of users based on the extracted features. The proposed model architecture is inspired by characteristics embedded in psychology; i.e, it utilizes interrelations among personality facets and leads to increased accuracy in comparison with other state-of-the-art approaches. To demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, we applied our model on two datasets, namely regular OSN users and opinion leaders on social media, and contrast both samples’ psychological profiles. Our findings demonstrate that the two groups can be clearly separated by focusing on both Big Five personality traits and attachment orientations. The presented research provides a promising avenue for future research on OSN user characterization and classification.
The role of math in IT education
Authors: Sukhov Andrei
Published: May 2022

The
Communications
website, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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Andrei Sukhov considers why and how the foundations of teaching mathematics for information technology specialties need to be revised.
Immersion cooling heats up
Authors: Greengard Samuel
Published: May 2022

Depending on climate conditions, the availability of renewables and other factors, immersion cooling can make a profound difference in both energy consumption and costs.
Configurable Open-source Data Structure for Distributed Conforming Unstructured Homogeneous Meshes with GPU Support
Authors: Klinkovský Jakub , Oberhuber Tomáš , Fučík Radek , Žabka Vítězslav
Published: May 2022

A general multi-purpose data structure for an efficient representation of
conforming unstructured homogeneous
meshes for scientific computations on CPU and GPU-based systems is presented. The data structure is provided as open-source software as part of the TNL library (https://tnl-project.org/). The abstract representation supports almost any cell shape and common 2D quadrilateral, 3D hexahedron and arbitrarily dimensional simplex shapes are currently built into the library. The implementation is highly configurable via templates of the C++ language, which allows avoiding the storage of unnecessary dynamic data. The internal memory layout is based on state-of-the-art sparse matrix storage formats, which are optimized for different hardware architectures in order to provide high-performance computations. The proposed data structure is also suitable for meshes decomposed into several subdomains and distributed computing using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). The efficiency of the implemented data structure on CPU and GPU hardware architectures is demonstrated on several benchmark problems and a comparison with another library. Its applicability to advanced numerical methods is demonstrated with an example problem of two-phase flow in porous media using a numerical scheme based on the mixed-hybrid finite element method (MHFEM). We show GPU speed-ups that rise above 20 in 2D and 50 in 3D when compared to sequential CPU computations, and above 2 in 2D and 9 in 3D when compared to 12-threaded CPU computations.
Electrotuneable Radical Polymers for Thin-Film Electronic Device Applications
Authors: Singh Deepa , Magnan François , Gilroy Joe B. , Fanchini Giovanni
Published: May 2022

Polyradicals, organic polymers in which each repeating sub-unit contains a stable radical with an unpaired spin, are establishing themselves as unique alternatives to state-of-the-art conducting polymers for a variety of applications. A decisive advantage of polyradicals rests on their charge tunability and switchable transport properties. Current interests in polyradicals have been focused on batteries and resistive memory devices. Polyradical doping has remained a challenge, however, notwithstanding recent developments. Due to doping issues, single-component polyradical organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), a vital milestone in polyradical electronics, have not yet been achieved. Here, we demonstrate that an OFET architecture with source-drain contacts sandwiching the polyradical active layer led to on/off ratios >103 in what are the first p-type polyradical-FETs (PR-FETs) reported so far. These OFETs are based on a 6-oxoverdazyl polyradical with no impurity doping, in which hole injection occurs due to tunable charge states at the polyradical/source interface. By introducing the new concept of contact-doping, our work provides a route for translating single-component polyradical thin films into OFETs, the fundamental building blocks of organic electronics. Because of the switchable transport properties of 6-oxoverdazyl polyradicals, our PR-FETs could be used to implement the first organic mem-transistors reported to date.
(Digital Presentation) Characterization of Passivation Dielectrics on Silicon Through Second Harmonic Generation: Effect of Fixed Charge
Authors: Obeid Baydaa , Bastard Lionel , Aubriet Valentin , Courouble Kristell , Dutartre Didier , Ionica Irina
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the characterization of alumina passivation layers using second harmonic generation (SHG). Based on nonlinear optics, the technique has the advantage of being rapid and non-destructive, especially for thin oxide layers. For the materials under study, the SHG is sensitive to the electronic and structural properties of the interface, particularly to the interfacial electric field (Edc), and thus allowing to characterize fixed oxide charges (Qox) in the oxide and interface traps density (Dit). Time-dependent SHG (TD-SHG) is firstly used here to probe samples with various Dit and a total oxide charges (Qtot), previously extracted using corona oxide characterization of semiconductor (COCOS). The measurement conditions are adjusted to focus on the impact of the fixed charges on the SHG signal. A more detailed analysis of the SHG versus input polarization is conducted in both experiments and simulations and it shows coherent evolution tendencies with the oxide charge.
(Invited) Combining Machine Learning, DFT, EFM, and Modeling to Design Nanodielectric Behavior
Authors: Schadler Linda S , Chen Wei , Brinson L. Catherine , Sundararaman Ravishankar , Prabhune Prajakta , Iyer Akshay
Published: May 2022

Predicting and designing the properties of polymer nanodielectrics is challenging due to the number of parameters controlling properties and the breadth of scale (from electronic to mm). This paper summarizes a preliminary study using elongated semiconducting nanoparticles with an extrinsic interface that enhanced carrier trapping to attempt to find a parameter space that allows for improved permittivity and breakdown strength without increasing loss. We combine finite element modeling of dielectric constant with a Monte Carlo multi-scale simulation of carrier hopping to predict break down strength. Filler dispersion, filler geometry, isotropy and interface trapping properties are explicitly taken into account to compute design objectives associated with dielectric constant and mobility. Ultimately, we trained a latent variable Gaussian Process (LVGP) metamodel that can take both qualitative (e.g., orientation and dispersion states) and quantitative variables (e.g., microstructure descriptors) as inputs to predict properties over a broader range with observed tradeoffs.
Real Time Nanoscale Cleaning Phenomenon Observation During Enforcing MHz Wave By Evanescent Field
Authors: Terayama Yutaka , Khajornrungruang Panart , Suzuki Keisuke , Mori Ryotaro , Hamada Satomi , Wada Yutaka , Hiyama Hirokuni
Published: May 2022

Post-CMP Cleaning phenomenon is considered as the detachment of the nanoparticle from the substrate surface to be cleaned, and the occasional reattachment of the nanoparticle to surface in nanoscale. However, residual contamination on the substrate has been usually inspected only after the cleaning process. Therefore, the cleaning mechanism of nanoparticles has not already clearly known. Hence, we have established dynamically observation of cleaning phenomena near the surface by applying the evanescent light which occurred a few hundred nm from the surface. In this article, detachments of φ30, 50, 70 nm silica particles and the acoustic cavitation effect were observed during enforcing 1.1 MHz waves in 60 frames per second. The main phenomenon was described that some of each silica nanoparticles were randomly intermittently detached from the surface when the cavitation effect repeatedly irregularly occurs and decays near the surface or remained on the surface during enforcing MHz wave.
(Invited) Characterization of Wetting Behavior on High Aspect Ratio Multilayer Structure
Authors: Kim Tae-Gon , Kim Donggyu , Kim G. , Park Jingoo
Published: May 2022

The wetting behavior of solutions was successfully visualized in the high aspect ratio multi-stack trench pattern using the inclined-AFM methodology. The visualization allows the characterization of the wetting behavior of cleaning solutions on various hydrophobic surfaces. The experimental results agreed with the values calculated by the Wenzel & Cassie-Baxter model. The wetting characteristic analysis using inclined-AFM is an efficient method regardless of pattern dimensions.
Extendibility Study of Conventional IPA Drying Process From Dynamic Fluid Model for Pattern Collapse
Authors: Otsuji Masayuki , Tanaka Takayoshi , Iwasaki Akihisa , Takahashi Hiroaki , Okuno Yasutoshi
Published: May 2022

Pattern stiction of nanostructures during drying has become an issue with device miniaturization, and pattern collapse models have been discussed to solve this problem. These models take into account the surface tension of the liquid and the mechanical strength of the structure, but the drying rate, which is effective in suppressing pattern collapse, has not been discussed. We propose a new model that incorporates the drying rate and discuss its extensibility to the conventional IPA drying process.
Si3N4 Etching with Carboxylic-Acid-Containing Superheated Water
Authors: Son Changjin , Park Taegun , Kim Taehyeon , Lim Sangwoo
Published: May 2022

A selective Si3N4 etching is required in the semiconductor manufacturing process. In general, Si3N4 was selectively etched to SiO2 in hot H3PO4. However, since the existing Si3N4 etching process used a high-temperature and high-concentration acid solution, environment, health, and safety issues may occur. In this study, a new Si3N4 etching process based on superheated water was studied. In superheated water, Si3N4 was etched, but also Si and SiO2 were etched, making it difficult to apply to actual Si3N4 etching process. By adding carboxylic acid to superheated water, Si3N4 was selectively etched without material loss of Si and SiO2 in a Si3N4/SiO2 repeated stack structure. The Si3N4 etching process using superheated water with addition of carboxylic acid is an eco-friendly, safe and new etching process that can solve various problems that may occur in the existing H3PO4 process.
Dopant Activation Depth Profiling for Highly Doped Si:P By Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) and Differential Hall Effect Metrology (DHEM)
Authors: Celano Umberto , Wouters Lennaert , Franquet Alexis , Spampinato Valentina , van der Heide Paul , Schaekers Marc , Joshi Abhijeet , Basol Bulent M
Published: May 2022

Heavily P-doped epitaxial Si layers were deposited over counter-doped Si substrates. P dopant activation was studied as a function of various processes used to prepare the samples. For electrical characterization, depth profiles of carrier concentration values were obtained using SSRM and DHEM techniques. Samples studied included an in-situ doped sample, a sample that was spike annealed at 1000ºC, a sample that was first coated with a Ti/TiN stack and then annealed for silicide formation before the Ti/TiN stack was removed, and a sample that was spike annealed + coated with Ti/TiN + annealed for silicide formation before the removal of the Ti/TiN stack. DHEM analysis showed substantial increase in dopant activation for spike annealed samples. SSRM results suggested lower carrier concentration values and more limited degree of activation. Formation of Ti/TiN contacts and its removal did not affect the carrier concentration values for the as-deposited epi layer. Sample that was first spike annealed and then subjected to contact formation process displaced a reduction in carrier concentration values as measured by DHEM.
Development Of High Resistivity FD-SOI Substrates for mmWave Applications
Authors: Bertrand Isabelle , Flatresse Philippe , Besnard Guillaume , Bethoux Jean-Marc , Chalupa Zdenek , Plantier Christophe , Rack Martin , Nabet Massinissa , Raskin Jean-Pierre , Allibert Frederic
Published: May 2022

FD-SOI CMOS technology is entering the mmWave realm, providing undeniable benefits in terms of data-rates, bandwidth, latency and power consumption improvements. The high resistivity substrate option is seen as a major booster to reach ultimate mmWave performances. The engineering challenges related to this new wafer generation are addressed in this paper. We will review benefits and drawbacks of each possible high resistivity material, and discuss process options to enhance performances on resistivity stability and mechanical robustness to deformation through fabrication processes. Specific measurements are presented to show that going from standard to high resistivity substrates did not impact the behaviour of logic devices. Those substrates being destined to RF and mmWave applications, their performance was also measured in terms of small signal response using coplanar waveguides.
Vertical GeSn/Ge Heterostructure Gate-All-Around Nanowire p-MOSFETs
Authors: Junk Yannik , Liu Mingshan , Frauenrath Marvin , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Gruetzmacher Detlev , Buca Dan , Zhao Qing-Tai
Published: May 2022

A process for the fabrication of vertical gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire p-FETs with diameters of down to 20 nm based on Ge and GeSn/Ge-heterostructures is presented. The resulting Ge-based devices exhibit a low subthreshold slope (SS) of 66 mV/dec, a low drain-induced barrier lowering of 35 mV/V and an I
on/I
off-ratio of 2.1×106 for devices with a diameter of 20 nm. Using a GeSn/Ge-heterostructure with GeSn as the top layer and source of the device, the on-current was increased by ~32%. With these results the high potential of incorporation of GeSn into Ge-MOSFET technology is demonstrated.
An Alternate Approach to Backside Thinning: A Doping Selective Silicon Wet Etch
Authors: Bahena Joel , Fijal Jonathan , Tyler Phillip , Taddei John , Wiemann Matthias , Figge Martin
Published: May 2022

Backside illuminated technologies have been used in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor image sensors for years and are finding a renewed interest and are being investigated for imagers and detectors in light detection and ranging applications. Coupled with the improved performance facilitated through 3D integration, the thinning of bonded wafers has become a crucial processing step. In this study, an alternate and potentially more cost-effective method has been explored using an HNA (hydrofluoric, nitric, acetic)wet etch for backside thinning of bonded epitaxial P+/P- silicon wafers. By utilizing a dopant concentration gradient, P+ silicon is selectively etched and P- silicon can be effectively used as an etch stop. Several HNA concentrations were explored to determine ratios that yield high P+ silicon etch rates while maintaining high P+/P- selectivity. Furthermore, bath life, spiking scheme, and repeatability were examined using a large wafer sample size with the goal of developing a full process flow.
(Invited, Digital Presentation) Fatigue-Resistant of Ag Sinter Joining on Ni-P/Pd/Au Finished DBA Substrate with Thick Ni-P Layer During Thermal Shock Test
Authors: Chen Chuantong , Suganuma Katsuaki
Published: May 2022

In this study, a highly reliable Ag sinter joining on Direct bonded aluminum (DBA) substrate was introduced in SiC power modules. The electroless nickel /electroless palladium/immersion gold (ENEPIG) metallization layer was coated on the DBA substrate with the electroless nickel layer of 7µm and 20 µm. The reliability of SiC/DBA die-attached module by Ag sinter joining was evaluated by thermal shock test (TST) from -50℃ to 250℃ up to 1000 cycles. In the case DBA with the Ni metallization layer of 7µm, severe ups and downs deformation occurred from the Al layer during the TST, leading to uneven variation of sintered Ag layer. The deformation was suppressed when the Ni layer increased to 20 µm. The bonding interface and fracture characteristics were systematically investigated for the both cases, which provide basic understanding the Ag-Au reliability by the design for the metallization layer on substrate.
Thin Film Photodetectors Based on Zinc Oxide Nanoinks
Authors: Dawka Sahil , Duan Pengjun , Sapkota Raju , Papadopoulos Chris
Published: May 2022

We report on the fabrication and characterization of ZnO thin film photodetectors using planetary ball-milled nanoparticle suspensions (nanoinks). Milling parameters, speed and time, were varied between 200 rpm and 1000 rpm, and 10 and 60 minutes, respectively to produce suspensions with particles below 100 nm in diameter. The resulting PBM nanoinks were used to create ZnO thin films whose photoconductance was measured under broadband UV/visible illumination. Thin film ZnO photodetector devices showed strong response upon light exposure with up to an order of magnitude increase in photocurrent compared to baseline (dark) for the conditions studied. This work demonstrates the use of low-cost PBM nanoinks for the active materials in solution-processed thin film photodetectors based on ZnO and allows film properties to be tailored and optimized for different applications in a straightforward manner by adjusting grinding conditions.
Electrospun N-S-Codoped Carbon Nanofibers As Metal-Free Electrocatalysts With Catalytic Activity For The Oxygen Reduction Reaction In Alkaline Media
Authors: Parga-Marrufo Cesar , Alonso-Lemus Ivonne L , Díaz-Guillen Alonso , Escobar-Morales B , Escorcia-García José
Published: May 2022

In this work, we have developed metal-free electrocatalysts based on sulfur and/or nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by in situ electrospun doping method. Heteroatom-doped CNFs have diameter ≈ 350 nm and nitrogen and sulfur species on their surface. Moreover, the catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is evaluated in alkaline electrolyte (0.5M KOH). The most active metal-free electrocatalyst labelled as S-CNF has an onset potential of 0.817 V vs. RHE, HO2
- % yield of ≈12-15% and n = 3.7 and high ethanol tolerance. The Accelerated Degradation Test (ADT) show that S-CNF catalytic activity decrease only 13% evaluated at a potential range of 0.6 to 1.0 V vs. RHE. Furthermore, S-CNF even is evaluated by ADT as support (1.0 to 1.6 V/RHE, 6000 cycles) showing high long-term stability decreasing only 11% its catalytic activity. These results indicate N-S-codoped CNFs are a promising and eco-friendly alternative for fuel cells applications.
Bifunctional HfOx-based Resistive Memory: Reprogrammable and One-Time Programmable (OTP) Memory
Authors: Chen Ying-Chen , Chang Yao-Feng , Lin Chao-Cheng , Lin Chang-Hsien
Published: May 2022

The dual functions in HfOx-based ReRAM and 2V-programmable via-fuse technology featuring in simple metal-insulator-metal BEOL process are presented, which can integrate with the current metal fuse technology. The impact of via-size, ReRAM, and via-fusing programming windows, stacked structures, and integration capability has been extensively studied. The performance and reliability risk assessments show that the ReRAM and via fuse can sustain at 438 K for 500 h without any degradation. Our results provide pathfinding of high density, integration capability, low programing voltage, multi-functionality between programmable read-only memory (PROM) and ReRAM co-existing in embedded applications.
Double-Layered NiO/SnO2 Sensor for Improved SO2 Gas Sensing with MEMS Microheater Device
Authors: Hsiao Yu-Jen , Shi Zhong-Hong , Nagarjuna Yempati , Huang Zhong-Yan , Lai Tang-Yu , Wu Sean
Published: May 2022

Micro Electro mechanical systems (MEMS) sensor is fabricated for testing low concentration gas sensing of sulphur dioxide (SO2) with sensing layers of single layer tin oxide (SnO2) and double layered heterojunction structure of nickel oxide and tin oxide (NiO/SnO2). NiO and SnO2 structures are deposited with RF sputtering and the elemental composition were identified with structural properties such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) analysis. Sensing results proved that NiO/SnO2 double layered sensor had better sensing characteristics than single layered SnO2 sensor due to the formation of p-n junctions. At 400 ppb of SO2 gas concentration, NiO/SnO2 sensor has maximum sensing response of 20% is recorded and at 2000 ppb, 30% sensing response is recoded. The optimal temperature of the sensor is 250 °C (∼63 mW). Selectivity of the sensor is tested with 5 different gases such as VOC, pyruvate, CO, NH3, SO2 and the sensor has high and better response with SO2 gas.
Powder-Based Cu3VS4 Photocathode Prepared by Particle-Transfer Method for Water Splitting Using the Whole Range of Visible Light
Authors: Fukai Hirofumi , Nagatsuka Kengo , Yamaguchi Yuichi , Iwase Akihide , Kudo Akihiko
Published: May 2022

Powder-based Cu3VS4 photoelectrode with 1.5–1.6 eV of a band gap that was responsive to whole range of visible light was fabricated by a particle transfer method, aiming at enhancement of the photocathodic performance. The particle-transferred Cu3VS4 photoelectrode with a Au-contacting layer (Cu3VS4/Au) showed much higher photocathodic performance for water reduction to produce H2 under simulated sunlight irradiation (AM-1.5 G) than previously reported Cu3VS4/FTO prepared by a conventional drop-casting method. This drastic enhancement is due to the good contact between photocatalyst particles and the Au-contacting layer of the substrate electrode. Loading of a Pt cocatalyst was effective for further enhancement of the photocathodic performance of the Cu3VS4/Au photoelectrode. Pt(1 nm)-loaded Cu3VS4/Au gave about 4 mA cm−2 of the cathodic photocurrent at −0.41 V vs NHE at pH7 that was four times higher than that without a Pt cocatalyst under simulated sunlight irradiation (AM-1.5 G). When Cu3VS4 particles with a small particle size were prepared by a flux method, better durability was obtained compared with a solid-state reaction. Efficient photoelectrodes based on a powdered metal sulfide utilizing whole range of visible light have successfully been developed by a particle transfer method, loading of a Pt cocatalyst, and a flux method on photoelectrochemical performance.
Construction of a Digital Elderly Care Service System Based on Human-Computer Interaction from the Perspective of Smart Elderly Care
Authors: Zhou Yifei
Published: May 2022

Digital elderly care service is an innovative elderly care model, and its emergence has brought about a huge change in the field of elderly care services (ECSS). The current method is to make the elderly care service more precise and personalized, improve the ability and level, and improve the current ECSS. The defect is that the short of top-level design and overall planning is basically only in the state of trial operation. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes to study how to intervene in social work in smart ECSS to enhance service capabilities and improve service quality on the original basis. Therefore, based on the use of human-computer interaction technology, this paper deepens the research on the current elderly care services. According to a survey of the elderly in a certain city, the digital elderly care system shows that 25.33% of the elderly prefer to use housekeeping services, and 63% of the elderly prefer healthcare services. The results show that the digital elderly care service system based on human-computer interaction technology is easier to be accepted by the elderly than the traditional elderly care service. The elderly care service system under human-computer interaction is more considerate than the traditional elderly care service system and can make the elderly’s life more colorful.
The Application of Digital Technology in the Complex Situation of News Dissemination from the Perspective of New Media Art
Authors: Jiang Xunxun , Mao Tong , Tian Jing
Published: May 2022

As the continous innovation of new media technology, the media environment of the entire society has undergone profound changes. Digital technology has had a profound impact on the way news is disseminated. It has made a significant impact on the collecting, creation, and distribution of news, as well as the way viewers receive it. As a result, the news media’s operation and management style is continually modified. However, in the process of news dissemination, the situations involved are complex and changeable, which leads to different digital technology applications. Aiming at different complex situations in news dissemination under the vision of new media art, this work designs a neural network to optimize the distribution for the required digital technology application schemes. The main work of this paper has the following two points. First, it systematically investigates the current research status of news communication based on digital technology and analyzes the research trends of digital technology and news communication in complex contexts under the vision of new media art. Second, a new neural network is proposed for the optimal application of digital technology for news propagation in different complex situations. This neural network uses an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and an improved network training strategy to improve the BP network, which can effectively solve the shortcomings of the BP network. A large number of experiments have proved the effectiveness and correctness of this method.
Online Evaluation Method of Water Resources Recycling Effect in Urban Landscaping Using Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Zhang Hengji
Published: May 2022

The common perception of people about recycling involves reusage of aluminum cans, glass bottles, and newspapers, whereas recycling of water resources is a most important aspect nowadays. Water recycling is known to reuse cleaned wastewater for beneficial applications including agricultural and landscape irrigation, industrial activities, and replenishing a groundwater using the latest technologies. The current methods have some flaws in the evaluations of water resources’ recycling systems such as large mean square error, time complexity, and low-evaluation efficiency; therefore, this paper proposes an online evaluation method for the recycling process of water resources in urban landscaping. The health model of water resources recycling in urban landscaping has been analyzed using fuzzy-based approach. Second, the evaluation index system of water resources’ recycling is also analyzed using the ecological water-level analysis results, water resource quality, water resource abundance, and water resource utilization rate. Then, the extension of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized to calculate the weight of water recycling evaluation index. Then a fuzzy-based comprehensive evaluation method is used to find the online evaluation model of the water recycling. Eventually, the evaluation of the effect of water recycling in urban landscaping is performed and analysis is made for decision-making. The results prove that the proposed AHP and fuzzy method has a low mean square error and high accuracy.
Enhanced Dual-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption for Secure Data Sharing in the Cloud
Authors: Wang Ti , Zhou Yongbin , Ma Hui , Zhang Rui
Published: May 2022

As a promising service paradigm, cloud computing has attracted lots of enterprises and individuals to outsource big data to public cloud. To facilitate secure data using and sharing, dual-policy attribute-based encryption (DP-ABE) is a suitable solution. It allows two access control mechanisms over encrypted data at the same time: one involves access policies over subjective attributes ascribed to user credentials, and the other involves policies over objective attributes ascribed to data. In this work, we are exploring methods to make DP-ABE more flexible, more efficient, and more secure for deployments in cloud scenes. Our proposal features the following achievements simultaneously: (1) beyond the access control mechanisms of DP-ABE, it also supports two flexible features called encryption and key generation in single-policy modes; (2) most operations of key generation, encryption, and decryption are securely outsourced to cloud servers, leaving extremely low overheads for the PKG, data owners, and users; and (3) it realizes the strongest security notion of public-key encryption schemes, namely, CCA security. We formalize the security definition and formally prove its security in the random oracle model. Moreover, we implement the proposed schemes using the Charm framework. The experiment results demonstrate that our schemes are efficient and practical.
Performance of MOSFET Driven via a Bootstrap Capacitor for Dynamic Load Continuity Enhancement
Authors: Abd El-Halim Hamdy , Soliman El Sayed , Refky Amr
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the operation and a complete design of the bootstrap circuit elements when firing a high-side MOSFET feeding an inductive load are introduced. The operation for both low-side and high-side cases are discussed with complete design and analysis of the bootstrap circuit elements. The effect of the bootstrap capacitor (BSC), diode, and resistance on the MOSFET switch for inductive loads at different frequencies and duty cycles including regular and SPWM are briefly analyzed. The current discontinuity is associated with higher losses, discontinued power output operation, and derated performance. The precise good design of the bootstrap circuit elements enables to improve the load current continuity in a specified frequency range of operation preventing the demerits of discontinuous operation. The effect of high-side implementation on extra harmonic content on the load is discussed including THD measurement of both applied voltages and currents.
Comprehensive Diagnostic Medical System Based on Notch1 Signaling Pathway to Inhibit the Growth of Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Yu Ziying
Published: May 2022

With the gradual application of big data and other technologies to the medical field, more and more people tend to get online medical services. This article mainly studies the comprehensive diagnostic medical system based on Notch1 signaling pathway to inhibit the growth of small-cell lung carcinoma. In the experiment, we used the rapid thawing method to recover the cells and took the logarithmic growth phase cells for cell passage. We calculated the cell concentration and diluted the cells according to the experimental requirements. According to the standard curve, the corresponding sample protein concentration was calculated; at the same time, the Trizol method was used to extract the total RNA, the NanoDrop8000 spectrophotometer was used to determine the RNA concentration, and the RNA quality was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. We used immunohistochemical staining to complete the staining of lung cancer cells. Finally, black box testing was used to test the functional modules of the system. Experimental data show that the accuracy rate of data obtained by the system reaches 98%, which greatly facilitates doctors and patients. The results show that the system has good ease of use and reliability and improves the diagnosis and treatment of hospital patients.
The Effect of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction on Spinal Cord Microglia Activation and ASK1-MKK3-p38 Signal Pathway in Rats with Diabetic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Wang Fanjing , Tang Heyong , Ma Junlong , Cheng Lianzhi , Lin Yixuan , Zhao Jindong , Shen Guoming , Fang Zhaohui , Jiang Aijuan
Published: May 2022

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is one of the most common chronic peripheral neuropathies in diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective. To observe the underlying mechanism of the effects of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction (YQHX) on DNP rats. Methods. SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to prepare DNP models and were treated with YQHX for 8 weeks. Results. Studies have shown that the drug restores some levels of MWT, TWL, and MNCV, downregulates the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, downregulates the levels of ASK1-MKK3-p38, and weakens the level of OX42 activation. Conclusion. Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction can relieve DNP by affecting the activity of spinal cord microglia and the ASK1-MKK3-p38 signaling pathway, thereby reducing the central sensitization caused by the inflammatory response of DNP rats.
Molecular Mechanism of the Effect of Zhizhu Pill on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Huang Jinke , Wang Yitian , Xu Peng , Liu Jiali , Ma Jinxin , Wang Yu , Liu Zhihong , Lv Mi , Wang Fengyun , Tang Xudong
Published: May 2022

Background. To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of Zhizhu pill (ZZP) against gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), network pharmacology in combination with molecular docking was applied in this study. Methods. Active compounds of ZZP and target genes related to GERD were identified through public databases. Subsequently, the obtained data were used as a basis for further network pharmacological analysis to explore the potential key active compounds, core targets, and biological processes involved in ZZP against GERD. Finally, the results predicted by network pharmacology were validated by molecular docking. Results. Twenty active components of ZZP were identified to act on 59 targets related to GERD. Enrichment analysis revealed that multiple biological processes including response to oxygen levels, response to oxidative stress, and response to reactive oxygen species were involved in the GERD ZZP treatment with ZZP. ZZP had an impact on the prognosis of GERD mainly through the HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer. Further analysis identified the key components and core targets of ZZP against GERD, of which nobiletin, didymin, luteolin, and naringenin were key components, and PPARG, MMP9, JUN, TP53, PTGS2, EGFR, MAPK3, CASP3, AKT1, and VEGFA were the core targets. Molecular docking verified the stable bonds formed between the key components and the core targets. Conclusions. The results of this study predict that the therapeutic effects of ZZP in GERD are mediated at least in part via PPARG, MMP9, JUN, TP53, PTGS2, EGFR, MAPK3, CASP3, AKT1, and VEGFA. These results may be useful in providing an experimental basis and new ideas for further research on ZZP in GERD.