bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience of Paleotectodynamic Analysis of Rank Components of Mesozoic-Cenozoic Movements and Deformations Using the Example of the Central Part of Bukharo-Khiva Region
Authors: Umurzakov R. A. , Akhmedov H. A.
Published: June 2024

The article describes the methodological basis and some first experience results of applying paleotectodynamic analysis of tectonic movements rank components and deformations to study the features of geological development of a certain territory of the Bukharo-Khiva region central part in the Mesozoic – Cenozoic. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to revise the traditional methods of historical and structural analysis, based on which the conditions of formation and age of oil and gas structural traps are determined to improve the reliability of prognostic works. Paleotectodynamic analysis, as a new direction of studying the geologic evolution history, provides an assessment of the duration of manifestation of tectodynamic systems (paleotectonic stresses, tectonic movements and deformations) of different ranks in geologic history, study of the paleotectonic development of rank components of tectonic movements and deformations in the intervals of tectodynamic system action, determination of the relative age of formation of structural elements, their inheritance, as well as determination of the relative age of formation of structural elements, their inheritance, role or contribution to the geological evolution.The main indicator, on the basis of which the possibility to identify an independent (integral) tectodynamic system is determined, is the stress field type and deformation regime. In the Mesozoic – Cenozoic of the western part of the Tien Shan, five phases of alternating change of tectonic stress fields of the first (for this region) rank and associated deformation regimes were identified. In the first approximation, they correspond to: Early – Middle Jurassic, Late Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene, and Neogene-Quaternary time. On this basis, the paper substantiates the necessity to revise and modify the classical methods of historical-structural (paleotectonic) analysis, which should be performed for each rank component separately, taking into account the interaction of both peer-to-peer and multi-rank elements. In this approach, the most important indicator is the feedback sign between different rank elements of tectodynamic systems. On the example of the central part of the Bukharo-Khiva oil-and-gas-bearing region, paleotectonic maps-schemes of three ranks for the above-mentioned time intervals were obtained. The previously unknown features of the structural plans of different horizons and their evolution in the Mesozoic – Cenozoic history were established. They served as a basis for further traditional historical-structural analysis with the construction of isopachic triangles along the selected intervals for each rank component in order to assess the tectonic conditions and time of formation of anticlinal oil and gas traps.
Cancer Family Members' Needs-Based Education in the Management of Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Kianifar Fatemeh , Pourhosseini Seyed Mohammad Ebrahim , Ansari Jaberi Ali , Negahban Bonabi Tayebeh
Published: June 2024

Background: Understanding the information needs of caregivers in cancer care and managing their anxiety are crucial aspects of comprehensive nursing care. Nurses need to identify effective strategies to achieve this objective, yet there are limited studies in this area. Objectives: This study was designed to compare the effects of providing structured education versus needs-based education on the anxiety levels of cancer family members. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 80 primary caregivers of cancer patients were equally assigned to two study groups (group A: Education based on family members' needs, group B: Structured education) using a randomized minimization method. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used for data collection. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results indicated that the study groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics. In group A, the mean ± SD of the STAI score was 54.2 ± 6.09 at baseline and decreased to 45.13 ± 3.87 after intervention (P = 0.001). In group B, the mean ± SD of the STAI score was 54.00 ± 4.92 at baseline and decreased to 51.68 ± 5.91 (P = 0.006). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at baseline (P = 0.872). However, a statistically significant difference in the STAI score was observed after intervention, and there was a significant difference in mean changes of the STAI score between groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Tailoring educational content according to the needs of cancer family members resulted in greater reductions in anxiety scores compared to the structured education method.
A Retrospective Case Series Study of Alcaligenes faecalis Pneumonia
Authors: Huang Chienhsiu
Published: June 2024

Background: The potentially developing human pathogen Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative, nonfermenting bacterium. Treatment of A. faecalis infections is frequently difficult due to increased resistance to many antibiotics, such as β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. In the literature, A. faecalis pneumonia has never been documented in a case series study. Here, we provide a case series study of patients with A. faecalis pneumonia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes of A. faecalis pneumonia patients. Methods: Patients with A. faecalis pneumonia between January 2014 and December 2019 were included in a retrospective investigation. We examined the clinical outcomes of patients with A. faecalis pneumonia, together with the risk factors for pneumonia, prior intravenous antibiotic use within 90 days, respiratory secretion culture results, antibiotic sensitivity test results, and other variables. Results: Observations revealed eight patients with A. faecalis pneumonia, including six males and two females. The mean age of patients was 70 years. These eight patients shared risk factors for pneumonia. Six patients were discharged, and two patients died as a result of A. faecalis pneumonia. Two patients with pneumonia caused by extensively drug-resistant A. faecalis were identified. Conclusions: Rare cases of A. faecalis pneumonia have been documented in the literature. Recently, A. faecalis has developed extensive drug resistance. To treat pneumonia caused by A. faecalis with substantial antibiotic resistance, either polymyxin B or tigecycline is needed. The clinical outcome is typically satisfactory when A. faecalis pneumonia patients receive appropriate antibiotic therapy, but cases of fatal pneumonia have been documented in the literature.
Aproximación a la formación universitaria en ingeniería: Análisis de los requerimientos técnicos dentro del clúster de dispositivos médicos en Costa Rica
Authors: Rojas Rojas Johan , Carranza Karen
Published: June 2024

La industria en Ciencias de la Vida es un sector dinámico y de frecuente actualización por los avances médicos y tecnológicos que emergen en el área científica, por lo tanto, se establece la siguiente pregunta ¿Cómo mejorar la capacitación técnica requerida acorde a la demanda de las empresas de dispositivos médicos en Costa Rica? mediante una encuesta semiestructurada con un análisis mixto de carácter exploratorio se caracterizan los requerimientos técnicos solicitados por las empresas de dispositivos médicos en Costa Rica para el ingreso de los nuevos ingenieros de calidad e ingenieros de validación de proceso. La formación que se encuentra en el mercado se caracteriza por ser de corto tiempo de capacitación y de un alto costo.  No se asegura el desarrollo de las habilidades y conocimientos técnico necesarios para el ingreso laboral.
Abstract
The Life Sciences industry is a dynamic sector that is frequently updated due to medical and technological advances that emerge in the scientific field, therefore the following question is posed: How to improve the technical training required according to the demand of medical device companies in Costa Rica?. Through a semi-structured survey with mixed exploratory analysis, the technical requirements requested by medical device companies in Costa Rica for the entry of new quality engineers and process validation engineers are characterized. The training available in the market is characterized by a short training time and high costs.  It does not ensure the development of the skills and technical knowledge necessary to enter the job market.
Kewywords: training, medical device, engineering, academic plan
Impuesto a la renta de los influencers en la recaudación fiscal de Latinoamérica
Authors: Zúñiga Alvarado María Alejandra , Barreiro De los Santos Sara Nayeli , Espinoza García Fergie Samanta
Published: June 2024

Debido a la creciente evolución tecnológica, más actividades comerciales se realizan a través de las redes sociales, sus protagonistas son los conocidos influencers quienes desarrollan gran cantidad de actividades que les generan altos ingresos, y por ende el pago de impuestos. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el impacto del impuesto a la renta de los influencers en relación con la recaudación fiscal de América Latina para ello, se estudiaron ocho países con mayor cantidad de influenciadores. De cada país se analizó y comparó el marco normativo en relación con el impuesto a la renta. Cabe indicar que, en países como: Argentina, Uruguay y Brasil no existen reglamentaciones de parte de los organismos tributarios para normar lo relativo a los influenciadores. Para el análisis se utilizó un método de enfoque mixto ya que se tomó datos cuantitativos y cualitativos para el estudio de las variables. Se concluye que, el mercado de los influenciadores está en continuo crecimiento y evolución por ello se hace necesario que los países generen normas tributarias para estas actividades que contribuyen directamente a una mejora sustancial en la recaudación fiscal global de América Latina.
Abstract 
Due to the increasing technological advancements, commercial activities are increasingly being conducted through social media platforms, with influencers as the main players. This study examines the impact of income tax on influencers and its relation to tax collection in Latin America. The study focuses on eight countries with the highest number of influencers. It is important to note that in countries such as Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil, there are no regulations from the tax authorities to govern influencers. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of income tax on influencers and tax collection in Latin America. This will be achieved by determining the relationship between the income tax paid by influencers and Latin American tax collection. Additionally, the regulatory frameworks of the countries with the largest number of influencers will be compared. A mixed-method approach was used to investigate the variables, using both quantitative and qualitative data. It is concluded that the influencer market is continuously evolving. Therefore, it is necessary for countries to regulate these activities, which contribute directly to a substantial improvement in global tax collection.
Kewywords: income tax, tax collection, influencers, digital marketing.
GUIDED THERAPEUTICS: THE ART AND SCIENCE OF DRUG TARGETING
Authors: R Deepasri
Published: June 2024

Drug targeting is a fundamental concept in pharmaceutical research aimed at improving medication delivery and efficacy while minimizing side effects. It involves designing medications to interact selectively with specific cells or tissues within the body, achieved through various strategies like receptor-mediated interactions and nanotechnology-driven delivery systems. Advantages of drug targeting include reduced toxicity, lower doses, enhanced absorption, and selective targeting of infected cells. However, challenges include drug elimination, immune reactions, inadequate localization within tumor cells, and technical complexities in formulation and administration. Despite these challenges, scientists are developing innovative approaches to enhance drug targeting precision. The objectives of drug targeting include improving therapeutic efficacy, minimizing side effects, and increasing drug concentration at the desired site, ultimately leading to precise action and improved treatment outcomes, especially in areas like cancer chemotherapy. Challenges in disease treatment arise from drug instability, poor absorption, and low specificity, highlighting the need for targeted delivery systems. Achieving targeted drug delivery relies on specialized carrier systems that efficiently transport drugs to specific sites within the body, enhancing their therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic distribution and side effects
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: INTEGRATING RESEARCH, EXPERTISE, AND PATIENT VALUES
Authors: Mittal Nidhi , Chanchal Mr. Dilip Kumar , Pant Navin Chandra , Porwal Prateek
Published: June 2024

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is a systematic approach that integrates the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences to inform decision-making across various fields. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of EBP, highlighting its definition, key components, historical context, and evolution. It outlines the essential steps in the EBP process, including formulating clinical or research questions using the PICO(T) framework, searching for evidence through effective strategies, critically appraising research quality, integrating evidence with clinical expertise and patient values, and implementing and evaluating evidence-based decisions. The chapter emphasizes the significance of EBP in improving healthcare outcomes, promoting patient-centered care, and enhancing the quality of services in diverse sectors. It explores the foundation of EBP, encompassing various types of research evidence such as Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, observational studies, and qualitative research. The roles of clinical expertise, practitioner judgment, and patient preferences are underscored as pivotal components of EBP, contributing to shared decision-making and tailored interventions. Challenges and barriers in implementing EBP, ranging from limited access to research resources to resistance to change, are discussed. Strategies and tools to promote EBP, including education, clinical practice guidelines, resources, and interdisciplinary collaboration, are highlighted as essential for fostering a culture of evidence-based decision-making. Ethical considerations related to balancing evidence with individual patient needs, informed consent, and transparency in disclosing conflicts of interest are explored within the EBP framework. Furthermore, the chapter delves into future directions in EBP, considering advancements in research methodologies, integration of technology and data analytics, and the importance of continuous learning. Real-world case studies and practical examples illustrate the EBP process and successful implementation across various fields, reinforcing the relevance and impact of EBP on quality of care and services. In conclusion, this chapter encapsulates the multifaceted landscape of Evidence-Based Practice, urging practitioners from different domains to embrace its principles and contribute to the advancement of knowledge-driven decision-making for enhanced patient outcomes and service delivery
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS STREAMLINING PATIENT CARE DELIVERY MAY REPLACE NURSING CARE SERVICES
Authors: Sivakumar Prof. R. Sharmila
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence in hospital settings and clinics, healthcare systems can become smarter, faster, and more efficient in providing care to millions of people worldwide. Artificial intelligence in healthcare is truly turning out to be the future – transforming how patients receive quality care while mitigating costs for providers and improving health outcomes. This chapter includes introduction, Terminologies, Definition, artificial intelligence in health care, Types of AI relevance to health care, Artificial intelligence in nursing, Implementing artificial intelligence in nursing, pros and cons of AI in health care, The future impact of AI in health care, conclusion. I hope that such great potential, it is clear that using artificial intelligence in healthcare holds the promise of a future filled with advancements, improved health outcomes and better patient experiences
MEDICINAL PLANTS IN WOUNDRECUPERATING
Authors: Sabharwal Swati
Published: June 2024

Wound mending is an intricate, unique interaction upheld by a bunch of cell occasions that should be firmly planned to proficiently fix harmed tissue1.Recovery and tissue fix processes comprise of a succession of sub-atomic and cell occasions which happen after the beginning of a tissue sore to reestablish the harmed tissue. The exudative, proliferative, and extracellular grid renovating stages are successive occasions that happen through the incorporation of dynamic cycles including solvent arbiters, platelets, and parenchymal cells. Exudatives peculiarities that occur after injury add to the improvement of tissue oedema. The proliferative stage looks to lessen the area of tissue injury by contracting myofibroblasts and fibroplasia. At this stage, angiogenesis and reepithelialisation cycles can in any case be noticed. Endothelial cells can separate into mesenchymal parts, and this distinction has all the earmarks of being finely coordinated by a bunch of flagging proteins 2. In this chapter focus is primarily on the effect of different description of wound, the mechanism involved in wound healing, different models used in wound healing. Moreover, this chapter also includes different evaluation parameters involved in wound healing, different herbal formulations available for wound healing, different plants used in wound healing
UNLEASHING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM'S POTENTIAL AGAINST CUTANEOUS MALIGNANCIES: ADVANCES AND INNOVATIONS IN SKIN CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: Firoz Dr. Shaik , Pravallika Dr. P. , Ooha Dr. S. , Srikanth M. S.
Published: June 2024

Skin cancer, a growing global health concern, encompasses diverse malignancies affecting the skin's various layers. With an estimated annual diagnosis of 5.4 million non-melanoma cases and 320,000 melanoma cases, effective interventions are crucial. Beyond physical manifestations, skin cancer profoundly impacts patients' well-being and quality of life. Immunotherapy, a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment, utilizes the body's immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells, offering promise of extended survival and reduced toxicity. Navigating the evolving landscape of immunotherapy for skin cancer, examining immune checkpoint modulation, tumor microenvironment modulation, and antigen presentation mechanisms. The immunotherapeutic agents, ranging from immune checkpoint inhibitors to adoptive T cell therapies, are studied for their mechanisms of action, clinical outcomes, and issues. The focus in pivotal preclinical studies and clinical trials is on emerging treatment paradigms and patient selection criteria, encompassing laboratory findings and possible clinical translation. A comprehensive analysis of immunotherapy-related adverse events underscores the importance of patient management and toxicity mitigation. This chapter presents a comprehensive exploration of the transformative potential of immunotherapy in reshaping skin cancer treatment. By synthesizing current advancements and future directions, empower clinicians, researchers, and stakeholders with a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of skin cancer immunotherapy and its impact on patient care and outcomes.
SHEEP TAIL FAT: A CURE FOR MULTIPLE DISEASES
Authors: Laskar Tanjima Tarique , Arora Monica
Published: June 2024

Since time immemorial, Sheep tail fats was widely used as an efficient remedy for use in traditional system of medicine in many countries of the world owing to its miraculous health benefits due to presence of substantial branched-chain unsaturated fatty deposits, vitamins, essential amino acids and minerals. Oils derived from sheep tail fats were widely used by Mongolians as a source for nourishment of baby’s skin since it replenishes, rejuvenates and renews the skin by retaining the moisture content of skin. It is also reported to be frequently used in Syria, Iran, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and China as a source of natural entity for curing a wide range of health implications. Therefore, it is imperative to probe the therapeutic adequacy and effectuality of sheep tail fats as it can be a ground breaking source for curing multitudinous health implications owing to its economical, affordable and easily accessible facets.
AN INSIGHT INTO THE CHEMICAL AND NATURAL HEPATOPROTECTIVE AGENTS
Authors: Siddiue Nadim , Nigam Amit K , Shukla Karuna S , Ved Dr Akash , Kumar Krishna , Kashyap Monu , Kumar Awadhesh
Published: June 2024

The most significant organ that is vital to the preservation of the body's many physiological functions is the liver. It is involved in metabolism, secretion, and storage, among other essential processes. It is involved in metabolism, secretion, and storage, among other essential processes. It is essential for the excretion and detoxification of numerous endogenous and exogenous substances. Liver damage or dysfunction is a serious health issue that affects the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulatory organizations, and medical professionals alike. One important source of hepatoprotective medications is medicinal herbs. Preparations made of single or multiple herbs have been used to treat liver diseases. Over 700 herbal preparations, both mono and poly, in the form of decoctions, tinctures, tablets, and capsules derived from over 100 plants are reportedly in clinical use. A total of 178 medicinal plants are said to have hepatoprotective properties based on the literature review. Numerous hepatoprotective herbs have been documented in the literature. For many years, liver disease has been treated with herbal remedies. The goal of the current study is to gather information on phytochemicals from hepatoprotective herbs that show promise.
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CORD BLOOD SAMPLING AMONG NURSING STUDENTS
Authors: Carolin E.R. Bency
Published: June 2024

Cord blood sampling contains substantive number of stem cells, which is widely used for storage, donation, and transplantation and for treatment process. The aim of the study was assess the knowledge regarding cord blood sampling among B.Sc., (N) students. Qualitative approach and the descriptive research design were adopted. 70 nursing students were selected by using convenient sampling technique. Self Structured questionnaire was used. The study finding revealed that 56% of nursing students had moderate level of knowledge and 44% of nursing students had inadequate knowledge
TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Narwariya Shailendra Singh , Choudhury Tirthankar , Sahu Vinod , Vishwakarma Ravi Bhushan
Published: June 2024

Transdermal therapy systems are self-contained, self-discrete dose forms that distribute medication to the systemic circulation at a regulated pace when applied to undamaged skin. These patches, like adhesive bandages, use passive medication diffusion over the skin to release medications for systemic effects. They can have active or passive designs, allowing pharmaceuticals to be given across the skin barrier. The medication is injected into the skin for prolonged periods, maintaining a consistent concentration in the bloodstream. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are attractive non-invasive alternatives to conventional needle injections due to their low rejection rate, ease of administration, and convenience. TDDS can be applied in pharmaceuticals and skin care industries, but faces challenges due to skin's physicochemical properties.
IVABRADINE: A PURE BRADYCARDIAC AGENT
Authors: D Vidhya Varshini , S Varun Kumar. , K Hemalatha.
Published: June 2024

Ivabradine's therapeutic application has developed and is still developing along lines based on its mode of action.It works differently from other negative chronotropic drugs in that it specifically inhibits the wacky current (If) in sinoatrial nodal tissue of the myocardium, which lowers the rate of diastolic depolarization and, the heart rate. Ivabradine doesn't have any detrimental lusitropic or inotropic effects., thus retaining ventricular contractility, and does not change significant electrophysiological markers relating to heart rate. As a result, it has been tested and is currently being used in a small number of people who have systolic heart failure and persistent stable angina without causing clinically significant side effects. Even though it hasn't been licenced for other uses, ivabradine has showed potential in the treatment of unwarranted sinus tachycardia.In this article we discussed about the Dosing, Mechanism of action, Pharmacokinetics, Therapeutic application, Interactions, and Contraindications.
THE TRANSFORMATIVE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PHARMACY: INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Mishra Sonam
Published: June 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various industries has revolutionized the way tasks are performed, and the field of pharmacy is no exception. In this comprehensive report, we delve into the exciting and transformative role of AI in pharmacy. From drug discovery and development to personalized medicine and patient care, AI is reshaping the pharmaceutical landscape. This chapter highlights the innovations and applications of AI in pharmacy, examines the challenges and ethical considerations, and explores the potential future developments in this rapidly evolving domain.
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
Authors: Patil Ms. A. S. , Waghmare Ms. M. V. , Desai Ms. S. P. , Saralaya Prof. (Dr.) M. G. , Bhatia Prof. (Dr). M.S.
Published: June 2024

This abstract explores the fundamental concept of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and its transformative impact on healthcare delivery. In an era where precision and effectiveness are paramount, EBP serves as a guiding framework rooted in the integration of clinical expertise, patient preferences, and the best available research evidence. The discussion delves into the principles underpinning EBP, emphasizing the critical role of research in informing and improving clinical decision-making. Through a synthesis of current literature, this abstract elucidates how healthcare professionals can bridge the gap between theory and practice by incorporating the latest evidence into their daily workflows. Key components of the abstract include an exploration of barriers and facilitators to EBP implementation, highlighting the importance of cultivating a culture that values continuous learning and evidence synthesis. Furthermore, the abstract addresses the impact of EBP on patient outcomes, healthcare quality, and the overall advancement of the healthcare profession. The abstract concludes by advocating for the widespread adoption of EBP as a cornerstone in healthcare education and practice, promoting a culture of inquiry, critical thinking, and a commitment to providing patient-centered, evidence-informed care. The synthesis of evidence-based approaches offers a promising pathway toward enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of healthcare delivery systems worldwide
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Authors: Iyer Dr. Deepa
Published: June 2024

Nucleology involves the use of radioisotopes labeled with the suitable pharmaceuticals. They are popularly known as radiopharmaceuticals. Nuclear medicine imaging technique is used to evaluate physiologic, pathologic and metabolic conditions of the body at the molecular level. Nuclear medicine field has undergone remarkable changes over decades. The advent of skilled technology imaging systems like Single-photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography (SPECT), Positron emission tomography (PET), PET/ Computed Tomography (CT), PET/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) enhances the quantification efficiency through detecting procedures. Nuclear medicine technique gives more reliable information to physicians and patients to detect diseases at earliest stages. The technique is a non-invasive and a painless test that has enhanced the treatment options, digitally and technically, to diagnose and assess medical conditions.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN ANTIBACTERIAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Mahalakshmi G. , Ponnarasi P. , Vanasundari K. , Balachandran K.
Published: June 2024

Nickel oxide nano particles have wide range of uses in biomedicine, catalysis, optoelectronic materials, sensors, pollution control, and more. In this article, to prepare copper-doped nickel oxide nano particles and the leaf aqueous extract was used as a stabilizer and reducing agent for nickel oxide synthesis. The unique of this synthesis is camellia sinensis leaves, because no other publications having copper doped nickel oxide assisted with c. sinensis leaves extract. UV-Vis, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to determine the bandgap energy, functional groups, and crystalline size of the prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles. The band gap values of nickel oxide nano particles are 4.1, 3.7 and 3.1 eV. The leaves extract mediated sample has lower band gap when compared to other samples. The FTIR spectrum confirms the metal oxide groups present in the prepared sample. From X-ray diffraction, the synthesized nano particles are cubic structures with good crystallinity. The crystalline size and strain values are determined using Scherrer and W-H methods. Electrochemical and antibacterial analysis applications were carried out for prepared nano particles. When compared tobare and cu doped nickel oxide, the leaf extract assisted nano particles has high specific capacitance value at 30 mV/s that is 101F/g. The antibacterial testes were examined using different bacterial strains and the inhibition response was reported. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis bacterial strains has excessive efficacy in leaves assisted nano particles
ASSESSMENT OF MICROPLASTIC CONTAMINATION IN THE SEDIMENTS OF ADYAR RIVER, CHENNAI: DISTRIBUTION AND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
Authors: J Mohamed Afzal , P Sanju , Mohana P. , Amaladas P. , Kanagaraj G. , Muthusamy S.
Published: June 2024

Plastic pollution, including the insidious presence of microplastics, has emerged as one of the most pressing and alarming global issues affecting aquatic ecosystems worldwide. The rapid increase in plastic waste, particularly in the form of microplastics, is posing a significant threat to the health and sustainability of marine and freshwater environments. The present study is aimed to assess microplastic contamination in sediment samples collected from the Adyar River in Chennai, India. A total of 10 Sediment samples were collected from different locations all along the river for Microplastic analysis. The identification of microplastics was carried out utilizing a stereomicroscope. The present study reveals the mean concentration of MPs in the sediment sample was.1977± 137(Average ± Standard Error, n=10). MP/kg, of dry weight of the sediment sample. The prominent shape types of MPs in the sediments were into fibers (47%), films (21%), fragments (18%), pellets (10%), foam (2%), and beads (2%)., The colour of the MP was mostly, transparent (34.45%), followed by red (20.40%), white (18.75%), blue (14.52 %), orange (6.08%), green (2.19%), yellow (2.19%), and black (1.35%) Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate and characterize the polymer compositions of the MPs. Raman Spectroscopy results showed the predominant abundance of microplastics, such as nylon, polypropylene, polymethyl (methacrylate), and polystyrene. Showing textiles,Plastic Litter, wastewater as sources of Microplastics in this river. The findings underscore the pressing requirement for efficient waste management approaches, encompassing responsible disposal and recycling practices, to address the issue of microplastic pollution in the Adyar River. Additionally, it is imperative to enhance public awareness regarding the detrimental effects of microplastics and implement proactive measures to protect the Adyar River's ecosystem and foster sustainable water resource management
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION USING SELF-POTENTIAL AND RESISTIVITY METHOD IN VEPPILAIPATTI VILLAGE, SALEM DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA
Authors: V Gopal , M Chandravijay , R Ranjith Kumar , R Anshu , R.R Krishnamurthy , B Prabhu Dass Batvari,
Published: June 2024

This study in part of Veppilaipatti Village, Tamil Nadu, used 2D profiling, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), and self-potential methods for groundwater exploration. A predominance of A and H type curves indicated subsurface layers and water-bearing capacity. Self-potential data identified three water-saturated zones. VES at 73m depth was recommended as a high-yielding well bore point. The electrical resistivity study revealed saltwater presence in the middle portion. The 3D subsurface model illustrated the study area's characteristics. Overall, this integrated approach is valuable for informed water resource management decisions in the region
A UNIQUE POTENTIAL TO STUDY SCATTERING AND FUSION PHENOMENA IN HEAVY ION COLLISIONS AROUND COULOMB BARRIER
Authors: Sahu Bidhubhusan , Jena Kamala Kanta , Agarwalla Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2024

To examine angular variation in cross-sections of elastic scattering, a systematic recursive formula is developed involving partial-wave scattering matrix for total effective complex potential of nucleus-nucleus collisions. We express cross-sections for the absorption from arbitrary and small intervals in an additional manner. This results in an assessment of the effective potential’s absorption contributions in the interior region, which explains fusion cross section (σfus) data for different incident energies. The interaction potential taken into account in this study is energy-independent and enables states of different partial-wave trajectories owing to its weakly absorbing characteristic. Therefore, it becomes clear that the appearance of these resonance states is the physical cause of the observable oscillatory structure in the modification of the quantity D(Ec.m.), the second derivative of the product “Ec.m.σfus” with respect to Ec.m.. In this chapter, we discuss simultaneous and extremely effective descriptions of the crosss-ections for fusion, elastic scattering, and the outcomes of D(Ec.m.) in various kinds of heavy-ion collisions
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT IN SOLAR WATER HEATER USING VARIOUS METHODS: A REVIEW
Authors: Agade Punam Kumar , Agrawal Dr. Rahul
Published: June 2024

An inexpensive and environmentally favourable human development system in the present period is the solar water heater (SWH). Both homes and businesses utilise SWH. This review study provides an overview of several SWH efficiency estimates, including how thermal parameters like enthalpy and entropy are calculated as well as heat loss coefficient. It provides academics from different countries with a thorough and organised examination of the solar energy equations. The creation of SWH's efficiency equations is covered in this essay, along with the effectiveness of SWH's numerous components and the technology used to comprehend the values of SWH equations and its many building methods
WASTE TO WEALTH: THE POTENTIAL OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Sharma Hemant Kumar , Sharma Apoorva , Singh Dr. Triveni Prasad , Bhattacharya Dr. Tarun Kumar
Published: June 2024

India produces 500 MT/y agricultural waste which is a serious environmental challenge but also presents a significant possibility of wealth creation. In India, there is a total potential for 5690 MW of energy to be produced from organic waste. Waste management in agriculture can aid in lowering pollution, conserving resources, and enhancing the condition of the land. The negative effects of traditional waste disposal techniques, which result in environmental contamination and resource depletion, highlight the need for proper waste management in agriculture. This chapter's main focus is on waste-to-wealth approaches, which provide environmentally friendly substitutes for managing agricultural waste. Composting and anaerobic digestion are important techniques for turning waste into useful products. According to studies, composting produces bio-fertilizers that are nutrient-rich, improving soil health and lowering reliance on artificial fertilizers. Anaerobic digestion generates biogas for the production of renewable energy while also supplying nutrient-rich digested for soil replenishment. We also emphasize the value of organic soil amendments made from agricultural waste in improving soil fertility and structure. Field studies show that adding organic amendments increases the availability of nutrients and soil water retention, which boosts crop output and promotes sustainable agriculture practices. There is a crucial role of supportive policies and laws, in addition to technology developments, play in promoting the widespread adoption of sustainable waste management techniques. To have the desired impact, policymakers' dedication to fostering an environment that supports waste-to-wealth projects is crucial. Agricultural waste management promotes a radical change in how waste is handled, viewing trash as a resource rather than a burden. The agriculture industry may promote a circular economy, lessen its impact on the environment, and greatly contribute to sustainable development by adopting waste-to-wealth initiatives.
HARNESSING BAMBOO'S POTENTIAL: BIOENERGY PRODUCTION AND BEYOND
Authors: Chakravarty Anurabh , Rajpurohit Satish , Sahoo Lingaraj
Published: June 2024

Bamboos, which belong to the Bambusoideae subfamily of the Poaceae family, demonstrate a broad geographical range that encompasses tropical, subtropical, and temperate areas worldwide. Bamboos have a notable array of 1,642 species distributed among 88 genera, showcasing their unique attributes such as their distinct woody composition, branching arrangements, and internodal segments. The Asia-Pacific area is home to the main hubs of bamboo variety, with South America and Africa following suit. Bamboo, widely acknowledged as "green gold," possesses significant value as a sustainable bioresource, making a substantial contribution to a market valued at $68.8 billion. Advancements in tissue culture technologies have been driven by the challenges encountered in bamboo growth. The field of genetic study has undertaken investigations into exogenous gene expression, despite the challenges posed by the existence of woody features, which can hinder transformation endeavours. The bioenergy production potential of bamboo is remarkable, owing to its quick growth, extensive dispersion, and lignocellulosic composition. Efficient management solutions aim to achieve a harmonious equilibrium between the ecological relevance and economic potential of bamboo
ARGO-WASTE CONVERSION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFUEL USING MICROALGAE
Authors: Gowda Goutham S , M Vinodh Kumar , M Chaithra , T Swaroopa , B Sumanth
Published: June 2024

Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms that grow rapidly and have the potential to be used as an alternative source of liquid fuels to address the world's rising energy needs. However, microalgae culture must be enhanced to lower the cost of the biomass generated. Nutrient expenditures such as CO2, nitrogen, and phosphorus are among the key costs associated with algae culture. In this study, distinct microalgae strains were cultured with the derived agro-waste treatment facilitiesas nutritional sources, and the study gives insight into the perception of distinct lipid content enhancements reported in different strains of microalgae.
WATER SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Gunasekaran Madhan , Banerjee Subhamay , S Hitha , S Arunima , Prakash Ruchi , Kashyap Suman
Published: June 2024

Water is our largest natural resource, but only 3% is freshwater and only one- third of it is available for agriculture and drinking purposes. The freshwater we use comes from two sources: Surface water runoff and groundwater. Precipitation that flows into water bodies such as streams, rivers, and lakes at the surface of the earth without infiltrating the surface or returning to the atmosphere by evaporation or transpiration is called surface water runoff [1]. Some of the precipitation percolates to the surface, where it collects as soil water, partially filling the pores between surface soil particles and rocks. Aquifers are underground rocks that are water-bearing layers and water in them is called groundwater. The water collects on the layer of impermeable rock or on compacted clay called unconfined aquifers. When the water is collected between two impermeable rocks is called confined aquifers [2]. Sustainable water management means being able to meet current water demands without risking the ability of future generations. It requires multidisciplinary and comprehensive strategies that consider technical, environmental, economic, aesthetic, social, and cultural concerns. In recent years, the term “sustainability” has come to use frequently which includes various planning activities. It has a slightly different meaning depending on the user's point of View. Organising the different aspects of water management in order to maximize benefits is the goal of sustainable water management. This can be done through Several processes such as water reuse, water recovery, and minimal water Consumption. Long- term availability and supply of clean water for people and other living things are necessary for water sustainability. The physical, chemical, and Biological properties of natural waters that are required to fulfil long-term societal and Ecological needs are known as sustainable water quality [3]. The driving factors, Effects, and best management practices affecting the future of our water are Highlighted in this chapter.
GLOBAL GREEN TECH IN THE SMARTPHONE INDUSTRY: EXPLORING SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES AND BRAND IMAGE OF FAIRPHONE VS. APPLE
Authors: Kumari Madhu , Harleen Kaur Dr.
Published: June 2024

The smartphone industry's environmental impact and the growing emphasis on 'Green Tech' solutions have prompted companies to adopt sustainable practices. This case study explores how Fairphone and Apple integrate green technology, its impact on their brand image, and hence, its influence on consumer perception. The study evaluates sustainable practices, consumer attitudes, and brand reputation by analyzing factors such as environmental footprint, resource consumption, ethical practices, and consumer perception. The study reveals that Fairphone has a slightly superior environmental impact, but Apple surpasses in utilizing renewable energy and reducing hazardous chemicals. Both companies are leading the charge in sustainable practices, striving to minimize their carbon footprint and promote circular economies. While both Fairphone and Apple have made strides, the future of green technology in the industry hinges on companies' dedication to sustainable practices across the supply chain, promoting consumer awareness, and advancing recycling technologies.
NANOSENSORS: A PROMISING PLATFORM FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Dhiman Neena Kumar
Published: June 2024

Nanodetectors which exhibit the potential to measure physical, chemical, biological or environmental information about the nanomaterials and the recognition analytes are known as nanosensors. The information being transformed into data, is efficiently analyzed and interpreted by highly sensitive, specific, accurate and stable nanodetectors, the success of which is attributed to their high surface area to volume ratios. Nanosensor fabrication is an energy efficient, eco-friendly process and a promising tool for the sustainability of agro eco regimes.. Based upon criteria of detection, nanosensors can be electrochemical, electromagnetic, thermal, calorimetric, plasmonic, aptasensors, piezoelectric, optical, hydrogen nanosensors, carbon based nanosensors, non-metallic nanosensors, MOFs (Metal Organic Framework), FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer), Graphene, CNT (Carbon nanotubes), Nanodiamonds etc. Nanosensors find vast applications in diverse fields such as health care, security, monitoring of environment, plant health, pollution, traffic and even human breath. The promising tool still needs investigations and the nanosensor based applications further need to be explored
DESALINATION: MAKING SEAWATER POTABLE
Authors: Chaudhary Khushboo , Sahoo Arnab Kumar
Published: June 2024

Desalination is one of the oldest known processes where salty seawater is converted into drinkable fresh water1. In nature, this occurs when seawater gets evaporated and collected in a cloud, ultimately falling on the ground in the form of rainwater, thus replenishing the groundwater level. The desalination technique has gained huge importance in recent times to meet the never-ending need for fresh water. This process of purifying water and making it potableholds immense potential. But to prepare the seawater for desalination, we must remove large debris and organic matter from it. This phase is known as the pre-treatment phase. Desalination, the treatment phase, includes various techniques. These vary from utilizing thermal energy, membrane distillation, ion-exchange technology as well as new upcoming technologies such as gas hydrate or freeze crystallization in order to make seawater free from salts. After desalinating seawater, the water is then disinfected, re-mineralized and made potable for drinking. This book chapter contains all the three phases of water treatment thereby helping us to understand that how the seawater is made fit for home
AN OVERVIEW OF ALGAE BIODIESEL
Authors: Muskan Madhu , Kumari Dr. Kanchan
Published: June 2024

The main energy sources include coal, petroleum, crude oil, nuclear energy and hydroelectricity. Due to the growing population and industrialization, there is an increasing demand for energy. Fossil fuels, such as petroleum, contribute to carbon dioxide emissions that cause global warming, hence their usage cannot be sustained owing to supply shortages. Research has focused on using biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Macroalgae are particularly promising as they have a high level of lipid content, making up to 80% of their dry weight. Microalgae are also considered viable sources of raw materials for biofuels and other products. Choosing the right algae species is crucial for biodiesel synthesis, considering high biomass productivity and tolerance to local conditions. The yield of important chemicals during biomass generation, such as carbohydrates and lipids, affects the quality of biofuels. In Stress conditions, like salt or light stress, can influence lipid synthesis and other metabolic changes in microalgae. Light intensity and wavelengths also impact microalgae’s biomass lipid production. To develop and use algae-derived biofuels effectively, further research and development are needed at every level of the production chain. Researchers are working on processes to accurately identify algal biomass components to fully utilise algal bioresources in biofuel production