bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tooth contact analysis of elliptical bevel gear with different misalignment
Authors: Lin Chao , He Chunjiang
Published: August 2018

Considering the wide use of bevel gear, a new bevel gear type with variable transmission ratio has been proposed. Based on the manufacturing and generating theory of gear, the mathematical equations for the tooth surface of this gear type has been established with two different methods: lead crowning, which meets the commonly used industrial methods with higher efficiency, lower cost and the method with rack cutter shows much clear relationship of gear meshing process. The contact points and characteristics of transmission errors with different misalignment conditions have been presented. Also the feature of contact area on the tooth surface in a whole cycle was developed in this paper. Compared the contact results of elliptical bevel gear with curve face gear, the former has less misalignments sensitivity and better loaded capability.
Five-degrees-of-freedom model for static analysis of linear roller bearing subjected to external loading
Authors: Kwon Sun-Woong , Tong Van-Canh , Hong Seong-Wook
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a novel five degrees-of-freedom model for the static analysis of linear roller bearings subjected to external loading. In this study, first, a rigid analytical model was developed to obtain the roller contact loads and displacements of carriage caused by the elastic deformation at the roller–carriage and roller–rail contacts. The non-Hertzian contact loads between the rollers and raceways were utilized to consider the profiled roller and/or profiled guide rail. Next, the structural deformations of the carriage owing to the contact loads were computed using the finite element method. The associated displacements of the carriage top were derived systematically. Then, the total displacements of the carriage top were obtained by summing the displacements estimated from the rigid model and the induced structural displacements obtained by finite element method. The proposed model was validated by comparing the calculated displacements of the carriage with those from a commercial program under various loading conditions. Further investigation regarding the effect of preload on displacements of the linear roller bearing was conducted. The simulation results showed the dependence of carriage rigidity and internal load distribution on the linear roller bearing characteristics.
A study of the physical properties and chemical reagents of epoxy mortar floor intermediate coating using recycled glass sand as filler
Authors: Kuo Hsiu-Wei , Tzeng Chung-Wen , Yeh Chao-Hsiung Benjamin , Li Ming-Hsien Caleb
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using recycled glass sand as filler for epoxy mortar floor intermediate coating. Four physical properties and 10 chemical reagents are studied. The particle size of recycled glass sand and the type of hardening agent are two important factors that may influence these physical properties and chemical reagents. Thus, an L9 orthogonal array is used for the experiments. The optimum factor level combination is found by minimizing the total quality loses of these physical properties and chemical reagents. The results show that the optimum factor level combination meets all the specifications of these physical properties and chemical reagents. Thus, recycled glass sand can be reused as filler for epoxy mortar floor intermediate coating. Therefore, the goal of saving energy, reducing carbon consumption and producing green building material can be achieved.
Tuning of fractional order proportional integral/proportional derivative controllers based on existence conditions
Authors: Muresan Cristina I , Birs Isabela R , Ionescu Clara M , De Keyser Robin
Published: August 2018

Fractional order proportional integral and proportional derivative controllers are nowadays quite often used in research studies regarding the control of various types of processes, with several papers demonstrating their advantage over the traditional proportional integral/proportional derivative controllers. The majority of the tuning techniques for these fractional order proportional integral/fractional order proportional derivative controllers are based on three frequency-domain specifications, such as the open-loop gain crossover frequency, phase margin and the iso-damping property. The tuning parameters of the controllers are determined as the solution of a system of three nonlinear equations resulting from the performance criteria. However, as with any system of nonlinear equations, it might occur that for a certain process and with some specific performance criteria, the computed parameters of the fractional order proportional integral/fractional order proportional derivative controllers do not fall into a range of values with correct physical meaning. In this article, a study regarding this limitation, as well as the existence conditions for the fractional order proportional integral/fractional order proportional derivative parameters are presented. The method could also be extended to the more complex fractional order proportional–integral–derivative controller. The aim of this research is directed toward demonstrating that when designing fractional order proportional integral/fractional order proportional derivative controllers, the choice of the performance specifications should be done based on some specific design constraints. The article shows that given a specific process and open-loop modulus and phase specifications, the gain crossover frequency (or in general, a certain test frequency used in the design), specified as a performance specification, must be selected such that the process phase fulfills an important condition (design constraint). Once this is met, the proposed approach ensures that the tuning parameters of the fractional order controller will have a physical meaning. Illustrative examples are included to validate the results.
Context-driven monitoring and control of buildings ventilation systems using big data and Internet of Things–based technologies
Authors: Lachhab Fadwa , Bakhouya Mohamed , Ouladsine Radouane , Essaaidi Mohammed
Published: August 2018

Ventilation systems are deployed in buildings to maintain good indoor air quality, especially in specific periods, or in the absence of buildings’ windows. These systems perform automatically this task by regulating the injected air according to the actual indoor CO2 concentration. Several control approaches have been implemented and deployed in real-setting scenarios, but most of them are either time-triggered or based on fixed threshold values. In this paper, we introduce a platform that integrates recent advanced Internet of Things and big-data technologies for context-driven monitoring and control of ventilation systems. The aim is to gather, process and extract contextual data, mainly indoor/outdoor CO2 concentration, to be used for maintaining a suitable ventilation rate that balances between energy consumption and occupants’ well-being. A prototype was developed and deployed for conducting experiments of different ventilation control approaches. We have developed two control approaches, ON/OFF and proportional–integral–derivative control, and compared them with the proposed state-feedback control approach. Experiments have been conducted in our Energy-Efficient Building Laboratory to evaluate these approaches in terms of the indoor CO2 concentration, the ventilation rates, and the power consumption. The experimental results show that the state-feedback control outperforms proportional–integral–derivative and ON/OFF control approaches in terms of energy efficiency and comfort.
Effects of ethical leadership on nurses’ service behaviors
Authors: Zhang Na , Li Mingfang , Gong Zhenxing , Xu Dingxin
Published: August 2018

Background:

Nurses’ service behaviors have critical implications for hospitals. However, few studies had adequate ethical considerations of service behaviors and accounted for how organizational or individual antecedents can induce nurses to engage in service behaviors. In addition, they mainly focused on the one side of role-prescribed or extra-role service behavior.

Objective:

This study aims to explore the chained mediation effect of ethical climate and moral sensitivity on the relationship between organizational ethical leadership and nurses’ service behaviors and to examine the relationship, from a comparative view, of the role-prescribed service behavior and extra-role service behavior.

Methods:

In all, 476 nurses from three tertiary hospitals were investigated with the Ethical Leadership Scale, Ethical Climate Scale, Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and Service Behavior Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the data. SPSS and Mplus statistical software was used in the data analysis.

Ethical considerations:

Approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee at School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University. Data privacy and confidentiality were maintained and assured by obtaining subjects’ informed consent to participate in the research before data collection.

Results:

The effects of ethical leadership on nurses’ service behaviors are mediated by two variables in turn: ethical climate and nurses’ moral sensitivity. Ethical climate and moral sensitivity partially mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and nurses’ role-prescribed service behavior and fully mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and nurses’ extra-role service behavior.

Conclusion:

Organizational ethical leadership positively affected ethical climate, which positively affected nurses’ moral sensitivity and affected both their role-prescribed service behavior and extra-role service behavior.
Health-Seeking Behavior of Afghan Women Immigrants: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Amiri Rana , King Kathryn M. , Heydari Abbas , Dehghan-Nayeri Nahid , Vedadhir Abu Ali
Published: August 2018

Background: Nowadays, in light of gender inequity, new concern has been raised for health-seeking behavior of women in clinical setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions and health-seeking behaviors of Afghan immigrant women residing in Mashhad, Iran. Method: An ethnographic design was used to examine the health-seeking behavior of Afghan women. This study took place in Tollab Tabarsi area of Mashhad, Iran, from March 2013 to July 2014. For gathering of data, participant observations, fieldwork, and formal interviews were included. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Fourteen Afghan women immigrants and five health care professionals were interviewed. The overarching category derived from the data was gender inequity. The emergent three themes were cultural taboos, women position, and information gap. Discussions: The displaced Afghan women were found to be at significant risk of adverse health events, which affected both their physical health and mental health.
Implementation of Arkansas’s Initiative to Reduce Suspension and Expulsion of Young Children
Authors: Conners Edge Nicola A. , Rose Arlene , Honeycutt Deneice , McKelvey Lorraine , Swindle Taren , Courson Diana , Fox Lauren B.
Published: August 2018

This article describes the development, initial implementation, and formative evaluation of Arkansas’s plan to reduce suspensions and expulsion from early care and education (ECE) settings. We describe how Arkansas used multifaceted implementation strategies to facilitate change in six areas: policy, workforce development, specialized supports, family partnerships, child screening, and data tracking. We also highlight key findings from the formative evaluation. For example, needs assessment data revealed that 40.8% of ECE providers suspended at least one child in the past year, and 9% expelled one or more children. We evaluated efforts to educate ECE providers on new nonexpulsion policies and new supports, and results indicate that 89.5% of directors agreed that they understand why young children should not be suspended or expelled, though the majority reported concern about implementing a nonexpulsion policy. Initial utilization data from a new ECE provider support system indicate that in the first quarter, 53 requests were submitted for help with challenging classroom behavior. Most requests involved male children over the age of 3, and one-third of the requests referenced traumatic events experienced by the children.
Effect of a Diabetes Self-Efficacy Enhancing Program on Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tan Cherry Chay Lee , Cheng Karis Kin Fong , Hwang Siew Wai , Zhang Ning , Holroyd Eleanor , Wang Wenru
Published: August 2018

This randomized controlled trial examined the effect of a diabetes self-efficacy enhancing program (DSEEP) on older adults with type 2 diabetes. The 8-week DSEEP consisted of a guidebook on diabetes self-care, a 1-day workshop, and fortnightly follow-up telephone calls. In total, 113 participants (56 in intervention group and 57 in control group) completed the study. Data were collected at baseline and at 8 weeks from the baseline. Outcome measures included self-efficacy, diabetes self-care activities, health-related quality of life, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and unplanned health care service usage. Compared with participants in the control group, those who received DSEEP had significantly higher increase in self-efficacy and diabetes self-care activities, lower HbA1c, and lesser unplanned health service usage. However, there was no significant difference in health-related quality of life between the two groups. The DSEEP increased self-efficacy, which successfully enhanced self-care activities and reduced HbA1c.
Agreement Between Parent Proxy Reports and Self-Reports of Adolescent Emotional Distress
Authors: Kim Chanhee , Choi Heeseung , Ko Heesung , Park Chang Gi
Published: August 2018

Parents’ recognition of adolescents’ emotional distress is a significant determinant of early detection and treatment of mental disorders. However, there is dearth of research exploring parent–adolescent agreement regarding adolescents’ emotional distress. This cross-sectional, school-based study compared parents’ proxy reports and self-reports of adolescent’s emotional distress among 289 parent–adolescent dyads in Korea. Findings revealed low agreement between adolescents’ and parents’ reports of depression, anxiety, and anger, with an average polychoric r of .25 to .27. The agreement was particularly low for high school students, boys, and father–adolescent dyads. Additionally, parents tended to underestimate adolescents’ emotional distress symptoms; a significant percentage of adolescents experiencing symptoms were rated in the normal range by parents, particularly high school students experiencing anger. Interventions are needed to help adolescents learn to manage and express their negative emotions. Moreover, parent education programs that improve parents’ recognition of emotional distress and appropriate help-seeking behaviors are needed.
Images that Matter: Online Protests and the Mobilizing Role of Pictures
Authors: Casas Andreu , Williams Nora Webb
Published: August 2018

Do images affect online political mobilization? If so, how? These questions are of fundamental importance to scholars of social movements, contentious politics, and political behavior generally. However, little prior work has systematically addressed the role of images in mobilizing online participation in social movements. We first confirm that images have a positive mobilizing effect in the context of online protest activity. We then argue that images are mobilizing because they trigger stronger emotional reactions than text. Building on existing political psychology models, we theorize that images evoking enthusiasm, anger, and fear should be particularly mobilizing, while sadness should be demobilizing. We test the argument through a study of Twitter activity related to a Black Lives Matter protest. We find that both images in general and some of the proposed emotional attributes (enthusiasm and fear) contribute to online participation. The results hold when controlling for alternative theoretical mechanisms for why images should be mobilizing, and for the presence of frequent image features. Our paper provides evidence supporting the broad argument that images increase the likelihood of a protest to spread online while teasing out the mechanisms at play in a new media environment.
Minimally Invasive Dorsal Cheilectomy of the First Metatarsal: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Teoh Kar Hao , Haanaes Esten Konstad , Alshalawi Saud , Tanaka Hiro , Hariharan Kartik
Published: August 2018

Background:

Minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy (MIDC) for hallus rigidus is gaining in popularity. The optimal position for the stab incision for MIDC is dorsomedial to allow an ergonomic sweeping movement of the burr, potentially putting the dorsomedial cutaneous nerve (DMCN) to the hallux at risk. We aimed to quantify the risk of using this minimally invasive technique with a cadaveric study.

Methods:

A total of 13 fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens amputated below the knee were obtained for this study. After the procedure, the specimens were dissected, and structures were inspected for damage.

Results:

The DMCN to the hallux was cut completely in 2 specimens (15%). All the extensor hallucis longus tendons were intact, although in 1 specimen, the tendon showed some fraying on the underside of the tendon. The average distance of the stab incision from the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint was 17.7 (range, 10-23) mm. The relationship of the DMCN to the stab incision was variable. The average distance of the DMCN to the incision was 3.8 (range, 0-7) mm. The danger zone for damaging the DMCN was at one-third the length of the first metatarsal proximal to the first MTP joint.

Conclusion:

The DMCN has been well studied by several authors and has a variable course. This nerve was damaged in 15% of our specimens following MIDC.

Clinical Relevance:

We believe patients should be made aware of this risk when considering surgery. A carefully made working capsular pocket for the burr and marking this nerve before making the incision if palpable could mitigate this risk.
Source Effects on Psychological Reactance to Regulatory Policies: The Role of Trust and Similarity
Authors: Song Hwanseok , McComas Katherine A. , Schuler Krysten L.
Published: August 2018

Efforts to communicate risk reduction policies must consider how target audiences will respond to the source of the message. This study investigates how modifying the message source enhances or diminishes psychological reactance against a policy designed to curb a wildlife disease. In an experimental study, we attributed a press release announcing this policy to different sources. We found that the source had an indirect effect on reactance, which subsequently affected attitudes toward the policy and behavioral intentions. Specifically, the more similar and trustworthy participants perceived the source, the less likely the source was to induce freedom threat or reactance.
YouTube Generated Video Clips as Qualitative Research Data: One Researcher’s Reflections on the Process
Authors: Patterson Ashley N.
Published: August 2018

The ever-developing arena of social media blurs lines separating public and private spheres. Voluntary usage of social media platforms transforms users’ personal and sometimes private imaginings into publicly accessible artifacts. The entanglement of these two domains demands society’s consideration as policy makers, employers, and qualitative inquirers contend with making meaning of messages initiated within the social media sphere in a world extending beyond it. In this article, I reflect on interplay with a subset of data from my dissertation featuring transcripts pulled from YouTube videos posted by self-identified biracial individuals. As I attempted to instill dialogic properties into what could have been unidirectional interactions, I confronted several challenges. I managed pressures of simultaneous allegiances to my research goals and to the integrities of my informants who were not aware that they were informing me. This article provides insight into navigating these tensions, which are necessary and, to date, too scarcely available.
Sexual Assault Prevention for Heavy Drinking College Men: Development and Feasibility of an Integrated Approach
Authors: Orchowski Lindsay M. , Barnett Nancy P. , Berkowitz Alan , Borsari Brian , Oesterle Dan , Zlotnick Caron
Published: August 2018

Despite the prevalence of sexual assault on college campuses, few interventions aimed at decreasing college men’s proclivity to perpetrate sexual aggression have been developed and tested. This article details the theoretical framework, content, and piloting of a sexual assault prevention program for college men who engage in heavy drinking, a high-risk group who may be particularly well positioned to intervene as proactive bystanders in drinking environments. In an open trial, male facilitators delivered the three-session Sexual Assault and Alcohol Feedback and Education (SAFE) program to 25 heavy drinking college men. Session 1 was a 90-min review of personalized normative feedback regarding alcohol use, sexual activity, alcohol-related sexual consequences, understanding of consent, and engagement in bystander intervention, delivered individually in a motivational interviewing style. Session 2 was a 2½-hr group-based sexual assault prevention workshop focusing on social norms, empathy, masculinity, consent, and bystander intervention. Session 3 was a 90-min booster group session that reviewed previous topics and included the active practice of bystander intervention skills. Analyses of postsession assessments of utility, therapeutic alliance, and satisfaction and examination of alcohol use and sexual assault–related outcomes from baseline to the 2-month assessment support the preliminary feasibility and acceptability of the SAFE program.
Men’s Coercive Condom Use Resistance: The Roles of Sexual Aggression History, Alcohol Intoxication, and Partner Condom Negotiation
Authors: Davis Kelly Cue , Gulati Natasha K. , Neilson Elizabeth C. , Stappenbeck Cynthia A.
Published: August 2018

Condom use resistance (CUR) through coercive tactics is a significant public health concern. The present study investigated CUR risk factors through an alcohol administration experiment using a sexual risk analog with a community sample of male nonproblem drinkers ( N = 321). Utilizing a path analysis framework, results demonstrated that men with more severe sexual aggression histories displayed stronger in-the-moment power and control responses, which was associated with greater coercive CUR and unprotected sex intentions. A significant interaction between sexual aggression history, risk rationale, and alcohol condition also predicted coercive CUR intentions. These findings emphasize the relationship between sexual aggression and sexual risk behaviors and highlight the importance of targeting these constructs in intervention and prevention efforts.
Vincristine, irinotecan, and temozolomide treatment for refractory/relapsed pediatric solid tumors: A single center experience
Authors: Büyükkapu Bay Sema , Kebudi Rejin , Görgün Omer , Zülfikar Bülent , Darendeliler Emin , Çakır Fatma B.
Published: August 2018

Background

Although the survival of pediatric cancer has increased dramatically in the last decades, the survival of refractory, relapsed, and metastatic cases is still dismal. The combination of irinotecan and temozolomide has shown activity against refractory/relapsed pediatric solid tumors.

Method

Thirty-four children with refractory/relapsed solid tumors who had previously been heavily pretreated and who were given vincristine, irinotecan, and temozolomide as third- or further line chemotherapy during 2004–2015 were evaluated.

Results

Patients were diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma (n = 15), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 8), neuroblastoma (n = 8), osteosarcoma (n = 2), and Wilms’ tumor (n = 1). Thirty patients presented with disease progression on therapy and the other four presented with relapsing. A total of 141 cycles were administered. Radiotherapy was used in 17 patients and surgery in 4 as local therapy. Among all patients, 6 had complete response, 3 had partial response, 14 had stable disease, and 11 had progressive disease. The objective response was 26.4% (complete response + partial response) and median survival duration was six months. The first and second year overall survival rates were 22.3% and 16.8%. The objective response in Ewing sarcoma patients was 40%. Diarrhea was the most common toxicity and 14 (10%) courses were associated with grade 3–4 diarrhea.

Conclusions

In heavily pretreated patients with refractory/relapsed solid tumors, the vincristine, irinotecan, and temozolomide regimen seemed promising in Ewing sarcoma patients and was well tolerated.
Executive Functioning and Impairment in Emerging Adult College Students With ADHD Symptoms
Authors: Dorr Morgan M. , Armstrong Kevin J.
Published: August 2018

Objective: To better understand current issues with adult ADHD assessment contributing to adult ADHD being under recognized and undertreated. Method: This study examined the relationship between symptoms, impairment, and executive functioning (EF) in a college sample. Results: Among individuals screening negative for ADHD, those higher in EF experienced significantly less impairment than those lower in EF. Executive functioning was shown to have a negative relationship with impairment while ADHD symptomology was shown to have a positive relationship with impairment. In addition, impairment was significantly predicted by ADHD symptom level and EF, and there was a significant interaction between EF and ADHD symptom level in predicting impairment. However, high EF did not significantly protect against impairment in individuals reporting a significant level of ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Further research is needed to clarify the relationships between these variables in emerging adult college students.
A Randomized Trial to Test Personalized Environmental Report Back to Reduce Lung Cancer Risk
Authors: Hahn Ellen J. , Huntington-Moskos Luz , Mundy Monica , Rademacher Kathy , Wiggins Amanda T. , Rayens Mary Kay , Studts Jamie L. , Butler Karen M.
Published: August 2018

Background. More radon-related lung cancers occur among those exposed to tobacco smoke. Objectives. To test the effects of a personalized environmental report back intervention on change in stage of action for air nicotine testing and adopting a smoke-free home and radon testing and mitigation from baseline to 3 months postintervention. Methods. The study design used a two-arm parallel groups randomized controlled trial with stratified quota sampling. The treatment group received free air nicotine and radon home test kits and a brief problem-solving phone intervention; the control group received a coupon for free test kits. A sample of 515 homeowners were enrolled; 319 completed the 3-month follow-up. Stage of action to test and remediate the home was measured consistent with the precaution adoption process model. Linear mixed modeling assessed whether the main and interaction effects of treatment and time were associated with the testing and remediation outcomes; multiple covariates were included in the models. Results. The models for the four stages of action outcomes (testing and remediating for radon and secondhand smoke) each had a significant treatment-by-time effect. The general pattern was an increase in stage of action from baseline to 3 months. The degree of change was generally larger among the treatment group participants relative to the controls, indicating that those in the treatment group were more ready to take action. For all the models, participants with higher self-efficacy for radon/air nicotine testing and radon/secondhand smoke remediation were more ready to take action to test and remediate. Synergistic risk perception was associated with stage of action for radon mitigation. Conclusions. Homeowners who were provided free radon and air nicotine test kits, given their results, and engaged in a brief telephonic problem-solving consultation tended to show a greater increase in readiness to take action to test and remediate by 3 months compared with those who received standard public health practice. Both groups showed an increase in stage of action for all four outcomes over time.
OMG U #Cyberbully! An Exploration of Public Discourse About Cyberbullying on Twitter
Authors: McHugh Meaghan C. , Saperstein Sandra L. , Gold Robert S.
Published: August 2018

Cyberbullying, defined as bullying that takes place using technology, includes similar tactics found in traditional bullying as well as unique approaches such as viral repetition. Nationally, prevalence rates for cyberbullying range from 10% to as high as 40% of school-aged children, depending on the definition and measurement tool applied. The current study examines public tweets with keywords and hashtags related to cyberbullying posted during May 2016, using both human evaluation and computer examination to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the sentiment of tweets using cyberbullying keywords/hashtags? (2) What is the thematic content of the tweets? (3) What is the relationship between coding by researchers versus automated coding by Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software? and (4) What is the content of the URLs attached to the tweets? A unique aspect of this study is the examination of the content of URLs included in the tweets, with the finding that the majority of the accessible URL references were to material that was positively focused. The majority of sample tweets referred to a cyberbully situation, contributed to a negative atmosphere, included references to known individuals, and suggested ongoing cyberbullying events. Results from this study suggest an opportunity for researchers, educators, and public health practitioners to use discourse on social media to inform interventions, to educate and share information, and to promote social well-being and mental health.
The Impact of the Cultural Beliefs on Forming and Designing Spatial Organizations, Spaces Hierarchy, and Privacy of Detached Houses and Apartments in Jordan
Authors: Al Husban Safa A. M. , Al Husban Ahmad A. S. , Al Betawi Yamen
Published: August 2018

Cultural beliefs and architecture have been recognized as having a strong relationship. However, a gap in knowledge exists regarding the interaction between culture and spatial organization in domestic architecture. This research used case methods to explore the impact of cultural factors in forming and designing detached houses and apartments in Jordan. Specifically, this article aimed to explore the sociocultural impact of privacy on spatial hierarchy and spatial organization in order to ascertain sociospatial designs in Jordanian culture. The data were collected through a comprehensive analysis of plans, images, direct observation, and in-depth interviews with Jordanian household residents. The data were analyzed socially and spatially with regard to circulation, privacy, security, and spatial arrangement of indoor and outdoor spaces. This research found that cultural factors and overall traditions affect detached housing design more than apartment design in Jordan. Also, cultural beliefs and traditions in Jordan are strongly reflected in people’s values, practices, activities, and the level of privacy needed in a given home. Therefore, privacy becomes a social, religious, and personal need that Jordanian domestic architecture should accommodate. Because culture shapes humans’ worldviews, and then both culture and worldview build social and personal values to define lifestyle, clearly determine specific activities, and set residents’ requirements for the design of the components of space requisite for cultural recognition. This research recommends that housing designers should adapt to the cultural practices, beliefs, and privacy needs of a given people when designing homes. Future research is needed to replicate the study for an authentic perspective on a cross-cultural basis.
Taking the tester out of the SDMT: A proof of concept fully automated approach to assessing processing speed in people with MS
Authors: Patel Viral Prakash , Shen Lingkai , Rose Jonathan , Feinstein Anthony
Published: August 2018

Background:

One factor hindering the widespread use of cognitive testing for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) is the need for a tester to administer tests.

Objective:

To undertake a proof of concept study assessing the feasibility of a fully automated speech recognition version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (auto-SDMT) in detecting abnormalities in processing speed in pwMS.

Methods:

A sample of 50 pwMS and 32 matched healthy control (HC) subjects was tested with the auto-SDMT and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS).

Results:

The percentages of MS participants impaired on the auto-SDMT and the traditional oral SDMT were 34% and 32%, respectively. Excellent convergent validity was found between the two tests (MS: r = −0.806, p < 0.001 and HC: r = −0.629, p < 0.001). The auto-SDMT had a similar sensitivity and specificity to the traditional oral SDMT in predicting overall impairment on the BICAMS.

Conclusion:

The auto-SDMT is a sensitive measure for detecting processing speed deficits in pwMS. The test, the first entirely computer administrated oral response version of the SDMT, uses speech recognition technology, thereby eliminating the need for a human tester. Replication of the results is required in a larger representative sample of pwMS.
Adolescent development in family-based treatment for anorexia nervosa: Patients’ and parents’ narratives
Authors: Medway Meredith , Rhodes Paul , Dawson Lisa , Miskovic-Wheatley Jane , Wallis Andrew , Madden Sloane
Published: August 2018

Maudsley Family-Based Treatment (FBT) is currently the best supported treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN); however, little is known about whether it achieves its stated aim in the final phases of promoting the patient’s return to an expected developmental trajectory. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of young people and their parents regarding the developmental impact of AN, and the role of FBT in addressing developmental challenges. Young people ( N = 12) who ceased FBT a minimum 1 year prior, and their parents ( N = 12), completed face-to-face semi-structured interviews, and data were analysed using a narrative inquiry method. All the participants described AN as highly disruptive to adolescent development, with phase one of FBT accentuating this experience. In phases two and three, FBT helped facilitate adolescent development in three key ways: Supporting return to adolescent pursuits, facilitating autonomy and providing freedom to develop post-FBT. This study offers preliminary insights into the variety of developmental challenges and needs experienced by families, as well as approaches clinicians can take to supporting development in phases two and three of FBT.
Optimizing the utility of the ARC Framework
Authors: Ferrer Rebecca A
Published: August 2018

This commentary concerns the Affect Regulation in Cancer Framework, which synthesizes theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence on emotion regulation and coping to posit that flexible use of a suite of strategies can result in optimal Affect Regulation in Cancer. The framework raises a number of questions that should be answered for it to reach its full potential. Here, I extend this framework by suggesting (1) outcomes to define adaptive regulation; (2) examples of research questions and hypotheses; (3) intervention development research; and (4) additional cancer contexts to which the framework should be applied.
Constructive, illusory, and distressed posttraumatic growth among survivors of breast cancer: A 7-year growth trajectory study
Authors: Cheng Chih-Tao , Ho Samuel MY , Hou Yi-Chen , Lai Yihuan , Wang Ging-Long
Published: August 2018

A total of 84 breast cancer survivors completed a package of psychological inventories in 2009 (Time 1), 2012 (Time 2), and 2016 (Time 3). Latent class growth analysis revealed three posttraumatic growth trajectory patterns: distressed posttraumatic growth ( n = 5, 6.7%), illusory posttraumatic growth ( n = 42, 56.0%), and constructive posttraumatic growth ( n = 28, 37.3%). Women with more frequent use of helplessness–hopelessness coping and lower depression levels at Time 1 were more likely to display an illusory than a constructive posttraumatic growth trajectory pattern. Illusory posttraumatic growth might represent a form of coping rather than authentic positive changes. Researchers and clinicians should understand different patterns of posttraumatic growth.
Uptake in incidental focus-on-form episodes concerning formulaic language in advanced adult EFL classes
Authors: Gholami Leila , Gholami Javad
Published: August 2018

An extensive number of studies have examined the effectiveness of incidental focus on form (FonF) measured through uptake in primarily communicative activities and established an association between learners’ uptake of linguistic features and their subsequent second language development. In this strand of research, the analysis of linguistic forms has been constrained to grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling. However, as self-contained units of meaning, formulaic sequences (FSs), comprising collocations, lexical bundles, idioms, compounds, etc., have not yet been the object of FonF research. Inspired by the fact that a substantial proportion of natural discourse consists of FSs, the present study investigated the degree to which incidental focus-on-form episodes (FFEs) with formulaic vis-à-vis other linguistic foci occur, and the extent to which they result in (successful) uptake in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes. The data consisted of 36 hours of audio-recorded communicative classroom interactions from three advanced EFL classes. The findings revealed that, though not as frequently as other linguistic elements, learners and teachers regularly draw their attention to FSs. FFEs with formulaic focus, in general, and collocations, in particular, led to more uptake than those with other linguistic foci. Finally, among types of incidental FonF, the highest rate of (successful) uptake was observed in student-initiated FFEs with formulaic focus.
Xenophobic attitudes in German police officers
Authors: Krott Nora Rebekka , Krott Eberhard , Zeitner Ines
Published: August 2018

In recent years, the proportion of the population with a migrant background has increased in the Federal Republic of Germany. We investigated whether young German police officers hold xenophobic attitudes at the beginning of their bachelor studies and how intercultural competence and communication training modules affect the development of those attitudes. In a 4-year longitudinal study, we assessed police officers’ xenophobic attitudes at the beginning of the first academic year, after basic study (year 1), after main study (year 2), and within the first year of professional practice (year 4). There was a significant decrease in xenophobic attitudes within the 3 years of professional education, followed by a slight increase within the first year of professional practice. Throughout the 4-year period, xenophobic attitudes decreased significantly, pointing to the effectiveness of the training modules integrated into the bachelor program and to the necessity to continue intercultural training within police departments.
Do digital platforms really make a difference in content? Mapping journalistic role performance in Chilean print and online news
Authors: Mellado Claudia , Humanes María Luisa , Scherman Andrés , Ovando Auska
Published: August 2018

Previous research has largely explored the differences and similarities between print and digital media in terms of news cycles and specific content characteristics. However, fewer studies have addressed the extent to which the media platform accounts for differences in the performance of key journalistic roles. Based on a content analysis of 1519 stories from Chilean print and online news outlets, this study found that, while media affordances did have an influence on the way journalists performed their work, thematic beat and media audience orientation were more crucial to explaining differences in the presence of different roles across print and digital media. The findings support a position that is midway between the generalist and particularistic approaches regarding the influence of the media platform on role performance, thereby underscoring the multilayered nature of journalistic practice.
Surface modification of mild steel by co-deposition using Zn-ZnO-Ant hill particulate composite coating in simulated sea water
Authors: Aigbodion VS , Neife SI , Suleiman IY
Published: August 2018

Naval ships are constructed with mild steel. Corrosion is a major concern in a marine environment. This particular type of material degradation has recently received more attention by the marine industry. Effort is make my researchers to combat this problem. In this work, co-deposition of Zn-ZnO-Ant hill powder composite coating on mild steel was reported with the view to combat this problem. The Ant hill powder was varied from 0 to 25 g. A 10 mL of orange juice was used as an organic additive. The coating thickness, surface roughness, microstructure, hardness values, wear rate and potentiodynamic polarization in simulated sea water were determined. The addition of orange juice as an additive changed the morphological and texture of the coating, and the hardness values, wear and corrosion rate were enhanced. Maximum corrosion protection efficiency of 92.86% and 94.41% was obtained at Zn-ZnO-25gAnt hill and Zn-ZnO-25gAnt hill + orange juice, respectively. The work has established that Zn-ZnO-Ant hill powder composite coating on mild steel is promising.
Macro-brothels as crime attractors: Impact of closure, displacement, and diffusion of benefits
Authors: Soto Carles , Summers Lucia
Published: August 2018

Efforts made at preventing prostitution – and any associated crime and disorder – are sometimes undermined by assumptions the problem will likely displace elsewhere. This study measures changes in local crime rates following the closure of two macro-brothels in Castelldefels, a town in the greater metropolitan area of Barcelona, Spain. The closures were complemented by a local ordinance aimed at preventing spatial displacement. Weighted displacement quotients indicated that the modest crime reductions observed in the treatment area (immediately around the macro-brothels) did not displace to the buffer area (the rest of the town); instead, a diffusion of benefits was observed, whereby crime reductions were also observed in the buffer area. The implications of the findings for criminological theory, policy and practice are discussed.
Systematic Review of Evaluations of Trauma-Informed Organizational Interventions That Include Staff Trainings
Authors: Purtle Jonathan
Published: August 2018

Enthusiasm for trauma-informed practice has increased dramatically. Organizational interventions that train staff about trauma-informed practice are frequently used to promote trauma-informed systems change, but evidence about these interventions’ effects has not been integrated. A systematic review was conducted of studies that evaluated the effects of organizational interventions that included a “trauma-informed” staff training component. A search was conducted in July 2017 and studies were identified in PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress database, limited to articles published in English after 2000. Six hundred and thirty-two articles were screened and 23 met inclusion criteria. Seventeen studies used a single group pretest/posttest design, five used a randomized controlled design, and one used a quasi-experimental design with a nonrandomized control group. The duration of trauma-informed trainings ranged from 1 hr to multiple days. Staff knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to trauma-informed practice improved significantly pre-/posttraining in 12 studies and 7 studies found that these improvements were retained at ≥1month follow-up. Eight studies assessed the effects of a trauma-informed organizational intervention on client outcomes, five of which found statistically significantly improvements. The strength of evidence about trauma-informed organization intervention effects is limited by an abundance of single group, pretest/posttest designs with short follow-up periods, unsophisticated analytic approaches, and inconsistent use of assessment instruments. In addition to addressing these methodological limitations, priorities for future research include understanding intervention effects on clients’ perceptions of care and the mechanisms through which changes in staff knowledge and attitudes about trauma-informed practice influence client outcomes.
Use of a Steerable Sheath for Retrograde Access to Antegrade Branches in Branched Stent-Graft Repair of Complex Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Makaloski Vladimir , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Rohlffs Fiona , Spanos Konstantinos , Debus E. Sebastian , Kölbel Tilo
Published: August 2018

Purpose: To describe how to use a steerable sheath from a femoral access to catheterize antegrade branches in a branched aortic stent-graft. Technique: Following femoral cutdown, a stent-graft with antegrade branches destined for renovisceral target vessels was deployed in the desired position. A steerable sheath with a tip that rotates up to 180° was introduced from the common femoral artery and navigated to the antegrade branches for consecutive catheterization of the target vessels and deployment of one or more bridging stents per branch. The technique is demonstrated in 4 patients who underwent successful complex abdominal and thoracoabdominal branched endovascular repairs with 1, 2, and 4 antegrade branches. Conclusion: Retrograde access for complex aortic endografts with antegrade branches using a steerable sheath appears feasible and effective and may serve as an alternative to upper extremity access.
The Effect of Growth Differentiation Factor 8 (Myostatin) on Bone Marrow–Derived Stem Cell–Coated Bioactive Sutures in a Rabbit Tendon Repair Model
Authors: Muraoka Kunihide , Le Wei , Behn Anthony W. , Yao Jeffrey
Published: August 2018

Background: We have reported that bioactive sutures coated with bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) enhance tendon repair strength in an in vivo rat model. We have additionally shown that growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8, also known as myostatin) simulates tenogenesis in BMSCs in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of BMSC-coated bioactive sutures treated with GDF-8 to increase tendon repair strength in an in vivo rabbit tendon repair model. Methods: Rabbit BMSCs were grown and seeded on to 4-0 Ethibond sutures and treated with GDF-8. New Zealand white rabbits’ bilateral Achilles tendons were transected and randomized to experimental (BMSC-coated bioactive sutures treated with GDF-8) or plain suture repaired control groups. Tendons were harvested at 4 and 7 days after the surgery and subjected to tensile mechanical testing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: There were distinguishing differences of collagen and matrix metalloproteinase RNA level between the control and experimental groups in the early repair periods (day 4 and day 7). However, there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in force to 1-mm or 2-mm gap formation or stiffness at 4 or 7 days following surgery. Conclusions: BMSC-coated bioactive sutures with GDF-8 do not appear to affect in vivo rabbit tendon healing within the first week following repair despite an increased presence of quantifiable RNA level of collagen. GDF-8’s treatment efficacy of the early tendon repair remains to be defined.