bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive digital interventions for prevention of sexually transmitted HIV
Authors: Bailey Julia V. , Wayal Sonali , Aicken Catherine R.H. , Webster Rosie , Mercer Catherine H. , Nazareth Irwin , Rait Greta , Peacock Richard , Murray Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Background:

Digital technology offers good opportunities for HIV prevention. This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of interactive digital interventions (IDIs) for prevention of sexually transmitted HIV.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of IDIs for HIV prevention, defining ‘interactive’ as producing personally tailored material. We searched databases including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, grey literature, reference lists, and contacted authors if needed.

Two authors screened abstracts, applied eligibility and quality criteria and extracted data. Meta-analyses used random-effects models with standardized mean differences (SMD) for continuous outcomes and odds ratios (OR) for binary outcomes, assessing heterogeneity using the I
2 statistic.

Results:

We included 31 RCTs of IDIs for HIV prevention. Meta-analyses of 29 RCTs comparing IDIs with minimal interventions (e.g. leaflet, waiting list) showed a moderate increase in knowledge (SMD 0.56, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.80), no effect on self-efficacy (SMD 0.13, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.27), a small improvement in intention (SMD 0.16, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.26), improvement in HIV prevention behaviours (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.57) and a possible increase in viral load, but this finding is unreliable.

We found no evidence of difference between IDIs and face-to-face interventions for knowledge, self-efficacy, intention, or HIV-related behaviours in meta-analyses of five small RCTs. We found no health economic studies.

Conclusion:

There is good evidence that IDIs have positive effects on knowledge, intention and HIV prevention behaviours. IDIs are appropriate for HIV prevention in a variety of settings.

Supplementary Video Abstract, http://links.lww.com/QAD/B934
The role of population structure when measuring COVID-19 impact across countries
Authors: Bramajo Octavio , Infantino Mauro , Unda Rafael , Cardona-Maya Walter D , Richly Pablo
Published: December 2020

The search for accurate indicators to compare the pandemic impact between countries is still a challenge. The crude death rate, case fatality rate by country and sex, standardized fatality rate, and standardized death rate were calculated using data from Argentina and Colombia countries. We show that even when frequently used indicator as deaths per million are quite similar, 512 deaths per million in Argentina and 522 deaths per million in Colombia, a significant heterogeneity can be found when the mortality data is decomposed by sex or age.
Stability analysis of solutions to equilibrium problems and applications in economics
Authors: Tam Tran Ngoc , Hai Nguyen Minh , Thanatporn Bantaojai
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the Hölder calmness of solutions to equilibrium problems and apply it to economics.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors obtain the Hölder calmness by using an effective approach. More precisely, under the key assumption of strong convexity, sufficient conditions for the Hölder continuity of solution maps to equilibrium problems are established.

Findings

A new result in stability analysis for equilibrium problems and applications in economics is archived.

Originality/value

The authors confirm that the paper has not been published previously, is not under consideration for publication elsewhere and is not being simultaneously submitted elsewhere.
Legal threats against the existence of famous brands a study on the dispute of the brand Pierre Cardin in Indonesia
Authors: Pujiyono Pujiyono , Waluyo Bambang , Manthovani Reda
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how Indonesian laws regulate the existence of famous brand. In case of brand Pierre Cardin, which had the elements of a famous brand including brand reputation obtained because of the public’s general knowledge, intensive and massive promotion, investment made by the owner in several countries, including Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is a normative legal research conducted statutory approach reviews through court decisions in Indonesia which related to famous brands such as Pierre Cardin. The analytical method analyzes the law, the legal rulings and the famous brand case of Pierre Cardin, which became one of the sources of Law of Marks in Indonesia. The next method is a description that compares the famous brands such as Pierre Cardin in Indonesia and France.

Findings

The research of this paper shows that brand Pierre Cardin is one of the world’s leading brands and has registered its brands in several countries in the world. The threat to well-known brands in Indonesia is the regulation of which Indonesia has weaknesses. In Indonesia, the Law of Marks enables the state to receive registrations of similar brands, and when a dispute occurs, it allows the judge to make a decision threatening the existence of goodwill.

Research limitations/implications

This research discusses the legal aspects of famous brands in Indonesia that hold the constitutive system and particularly the legal threat against a famous brand in Indonesia, Pierre Cardin.

Practical implications

This paper discusses the threats that will occur in famous brands that registered in many countries, such as Indonesia. This became a reference for the famous brand company to be able to adjust the law in Indonesia.

Social implications

This paper informs the legal threats can be a weakness of law in Indonesia; therefore, the governance should revise the regulation about marks to accommodate the existence of famous brands company in Indonesia. This paper gives recommendations for government to be more flexible to regulate the registration for the famous brand and tighten regulation of brand rights for local brands to avoid infringement in Indonesia. The protection of brand rights for a famous brand company in Indonesia can be realized and will be possible.

Originality/value

This paper is original and must-read. This research can be a reference for famous brand companies that will register brand rights in Indonesia because it discusses about the case between Pierre Cardin brand in Indonesia and French. This paper gives perspectives based on the Law of Marks in Indonesia. Furthermore, this paper also discusses some Law of Marks in Indonesia that should be strengthened.
A framework for the adoption of green business models in the Ghanaian construction industry
Authors: Lamptey Theophilus , Owusu-Manu De-Graft , Acheampong Alex , Adesi Michael , Ghansah Frank Ato
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Despite the amount of considerable investigations on business models, much studies have not been undertaken in the construction industry emphasising the adoption of green business models to drive sustainable construction. Construction activities continue to increase the carbon footprint and eject contaminated materials into the ecological environment with dire consequences for economic and social sustainability. As a result of the adverse impacts of construction activities, it is necessary for construction firms to rethink their approach to the use of conventional business models. The purpose of this study is to explore a framework for the adoption of green business models to drive sustainability in the construction industry of Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is exploratory due to its focus on emerging economies in which there is a perceptible gap in the adoption of green business models. As a result of this, this paper is entrenched in the interpretivist philosophical stance, which led to the adoption of the qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken involving 13 senior managers of construction firms. A thematic analysis was used with the aid of qualitative data analysis computer software package to code the interview transcripts.

Findings

The results demonstrate the six definitions of green business models among the managers of construction firms. The study also shows the need for developing green business models to address the issues of circularity and sustainability goals to reduce carbon footprints in the construction industry. Similarly, the paper found various sources of information to drive the awareness, understanding and adoption of the components for green business models. These sources include international conferences and training workshops on green business models. Finally, the study presents a framework that integrates the building information modelling (BIM) and the Internet of things (IoT) into the components for green business models adoption in construction firms.

Research limitations/implications

There is a need to use the quantitative approach to undertake further empirical studies, as this paper focuses mostly on the qualitative approach to ascertain the nature of the relationship between green business model and the various components of the circular economy in the construction industry.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the existing knowledge on green business models by demonstrating six key pillars of green business models by the inclusion of digital technologies such as BIM and IoT, which hitherto this investigation have not been considered in the adoption of green business models in the construction industry. This study extends the existing knowledge on green business models, which has the potential to increase the awareness and understanding of practitioners and managers of construction firms.
Trade books' contextualization of consequential women's historical significance
Authors: Bickford John H. , Solomon Toluwalase V.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This paper explores the representation of consequential women in history within children's and young adult biographies.

Design/methodology/approach

The data pool was established by developing a list of women's names extracted from common textbooks and state social studies curricula. Early-grade (K-4th) and middle-grade (5th-8th) in-print books were selected for juxtaposition because these students have the least prior knowledge and are perhaps most dependent on the text. Two researchers independently engaged in qualitative content analysis research methods, which included open and axial coding.

Findings

Early- and middle-grade biographies aptly established the historical significance of, but largely failed to contextualize, each figure's experiences, accomplishments and contemporaneous tensions. The women were presented as consequential, though their advocacies were not situated within the larger context.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations included a dearth of women featured in both state standards and biographies, limited audience (early and middle grades) and exclusion of out-of-print books. Comparable inquiries into narrative nonfiction, expository texts and historical fiction, which have different emphases than biographies, are areas for future research.

Practical implications

Discussion focused on the significance of findings for teachers and researchers. Early- and middle-grade teachers are guided to contextualize the selected historical figures using primary and secondary source supplements.

Originality/value

No previous scholarship exists on this particular topic. Comparable inquiries examine trade books' depiction of historical significance, not contextualization of continuity and change.
Transcultural transferability of transient therapeutic communities: the living-learning experience workshops
Authors: Lees Jan , Haigh Rex , Bruschetta Simone , Chatterji Anando , Dominguez-Bailey Veronica , Kelly Sandra , Lombardo Aldo , Parkhe Shama , Pereira Joāo G. , Rahimi Yousuf , Rawlings Barbara
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to describe a method of training for practitioners in democratic Therapeutic Communities (TCs) which has been used in several settings across the world over the past 25 years: the “Living-Learning Experience” (LLE) workshop. It goes on to consider the cross-cultural implications of the work.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the experience of running exactly the same programme in different countries and cultures, the paper examines the cross-cultural adaptability and describes necessary adaptations for local circumstances. It also contains original ethnographic research in UK and Italy; further study is planned for other countries.

Findings

The workshops are readily transferable to different cultures and are appreciated for their democratic and relational way of working.

Research limitations/implications

The ethnographic study examines the workshops in some depth, in UK and Italy, and could usefully be replicated in other countries. No quantitative, outcome or follow-up studies have yet been done, and this paper could contribute to the design of useful quantitative studies.

Practical implications

The paper demonstrates that the LLE is a useful experiential learning tool in widely different settings. It could be developed in different ways, such as for developing relational practice or establishing therapeutic environments in different settings.

Social implications

The workshops' acceptance in widely different cultures indicates that the open and non-didactic format addresses essential and fundamental qualities required for therapeutic engagement and human relatedness.

Originality/value

This is the first description of the principles of democratic TCs being applied across different international settings. Its value extends beyond the TC field, to the use of democratic and relational principles' applicability in therapeutic pedagogy and training.
Promotion of inclusive tourism by national destination management organizations
Authors: Rita Paulo , António Nuno
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Inclusive tourism has the potential to counter balance some of the disadvantages relating to tourism development and effectively exert positive impacts on society at large and specifically on tourist destinations. However, there is a research gap in studies on inclusiveness related to the promotional efforts of national destination management organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

Data science-based methods, mainly text mining and image mining, were used to analyze both the explicit and implicit content in text and images in the English brochures published by nine European official destination management organizations.

Findings

Results highlighted that the countries' attitudes towards inclusion were aligned with what the countries’ destination management organizations were promoting, especially in the case of highly ranked countries on an inclusiveness index. However, there were differences between their explicit content (what they write in text) and their implicit content (what they show in images).

Originality/value

The combined analysis of text and image content allowed for a complete understanding as to how national’s destination management organizations are promoting inclusion, showing that destination management organizations should make an effort in improving their promotional material and above all the images they use.
The FC Porto Museum project and the challenges of a new reality
Authors: Valente Luís
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to explain how FC Porto positioned its museum and stadium as touristic and cultural attractions of reference in Porto. The current international situation demands a reflection on how to behave in relation to the market in the near future.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on information drawn from official sources and relevant FC Porto data.

Findings

FC Porto Museum has an extensive program of cultural events that is offered every month to the locals. Public and private partnerships have also been celebrated by welcoming all kinds of audiences from schools to universities and tour operators.

Practical implications

Now that everyone is living in unprecedented and challenging times, sharing experiences on how to evolve and create new opportunities to the public is even more essential.

Originality/value

FC Porto Museum and Dragão Stadium are among the most visited attractions in Porto. Although cultural attractions are often more popular, during the past six years the impact of the museum and stadium on the tourism sector in the eastern area of the city and the local community cannot be underestimated.
Portuguese tourism strategy (ET27) – now more than ever
Authors: Araújo Luís
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study aims to analyse the importance of public and private policies to inclusive, sustainable, cohesive and accessible tourism in Portugal and also to assert tourism activity as a central point for economic, social and environmental development across the country.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is a viewpoint reflection on the design and implementation of the Tourism Strategy 2027.

Findings

The importance of joint work to affirm tourism as a hub for economic, social development and environmental impact throughout the territory, positioning Portugal as one of most competitive, inclusive and sustainable destinations worldwide.

Practical implications

Now more than ever, strategic tourism goals are key points in support of innovative, accessible and inclusive tourism, to stimulate data-based decision-making, improve the tourist experience and increase the focus on sustainability.

Originality/value

In this paper, the objectives of the Portuguese tourism strategy 2027 are outlined and a series of unprecedented initiatives are profiled, which aim to provide the destination with highly competitive conditions, to differentiate it from other tourist destinations while increasing its notoriety and competitiveness.
Covid-19 Cases Around The World
Authors: Fricker Ronald D.
Published: December 2020

Ron Fricker plots the course that the coronavirus pandemic has taken since January 2020
The End of Determinism
Authors: Raper Simon
Published: December 2020

Simon Raper chronicles the rise and fall of the deterministic view of the universe – the idea that all events can be explained entirely by their causes – and how this change in mindset altered our understanding of probability
Multidrug‐resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates carrying blaOXA‐1 and blaNDM‐1 from wildlife in China: increasing public health risk
Authors: KANG Qian , WANG Xue , ZHAO Jianan , LIU Zhihui , JI Fang , CHANG Han , YANG Jianchun , HU Shijia , JIA Ting , WANG Xiaojia , TANG Jiagui , DONG Guoying , HU Guocheng , WANG Jing , ZHANG Yanyu , QIN Jianhua , WANG Chengmin
Published: December 2020

The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates is a growing public health concern and has serious implications for wildlife. What is the role of wildlife has been become one of the hot issues in disseminating antimicrobial resistance. Here, 54 P. mirabilis isolates from 12 different species were identified. Among them, 25 isolates were determined to be MDR by profile of antimicrobial susceptibility; 10 MDR P. mirabilis isolates were subjected to comparative genomic analysis by whole genome sequencing. Comprehensive analysis showed that chromosome of P. mirabilis isolates mainly carries multidrug‐resistance complex elements harboring resistance to carbapenem genes blaOXA‐1, blaNDM‐1, and blaTEM‐1. Class I integron is the insertion hotspot of IS26; it can be inserted into type I integron at different sites, thus forming a variety of multiple drug resistance decision sites. At the same time, Tn21, Tn7, and SXT/R391 mobile elements cause widespread spread of these drug resistance genes. In conclusion, P. mirabilis isolates from wildlife showed higher resistance to commonly used clinic drugs comparing to those from human. Therefore, wild animals carrying MDR clinical isolates should be paid attention to by the public health.
Bank interest rate risk management and valuation of earnings
Authors: Burke Qing L. , Warfield Terry D.
Published: December 2020

This paper examines banks’ interest rate risk management and its effects on the persistence and valuation of earnings. We first develop a novel measure of interest rate risk management by incorporating asymmetric changes in interest rates on assets and liabilities in response to market rate changes. Utilising this measure, we document that U.S. bank holding companies with more effective interest rate risk management have more persistent net interest income and a higher valuation of net interest income. This study helps investors and regulators assess banks’ interest rate risk management from the earnings perspective and the sustainability of net interest income.
COVID‐19, public attention and the stock market
Authors: Xu Liao , Chen Jilong , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Jing
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on the Chinese stock market. We show that the COVID‐19 outbreak not only hurts the stock returns but also affects the stock price sensitivity to firm‐specific information. We document heterogeneous effects of the epidemic infection scale and the public attention about the pandemic. The stock market response to firm‐specific information is decelerated (accelerated) by the public attention (infection scale). Moreover, the decreasing (increasing) effect of the public attention (infection scale) on such response is more intensive to positively toned (negatively toned) firm‐specific news articles. Finally, we observe price reversal (momentum) following the public attention (infection scale).
Job Demands and Resources among Healthcare Professionals during Virus Pandemics: A Review and Examination of Fluctuations in Mental Health Strain during COVID‐19
Authors: Britt Thomas W. , Shuffler Marissa L. , Pegram Riley L. , Xoxakos Phoebe , Rosopa Patrick J. , Hirsh Emily , Jackson William
Published: December 2020

The present article examines how job demands and resources are related to indices of strain among healthcare professionals during virus pandemics. The article also presents the results of a study examining the relationships between COVID‐19 demands (e.g., lack of personal protective equipment, concerns about infecting family members), resources (meaningful work, social support), and mental health strain within a sample of emergency medicine personnel over six consecutive weeks. COVID‐19‐related demands and hours worked were hypothesized to be positively related to mental health strain, whereas meaningful work and social support were hypothesized to be negatively related to mental health strain. Hours worked the prior week were hypothesized to exacerbate the positive relationships between COVID‐19 demands and mental health strain, whereas the resources of meaningful work and social support were expected to buffer the relationships. Multilevel models controlling for mental health strain the prior week revealed that COVID‐19 demands, along with hours worked, were each related to higher mental health strain during the week. Hours worked magnified the within‐person relationship between personal COVID‐19 demands and mental health strain. In contrast to the hypotheses, social support and meaningful work were not related to mental health strain. Discussion focuses on the implications of the findings for healthcare professionals.
Qualitative evaluation of an innovative midwifery continuity scheme: Lessons from using a quality care framework
Authors: Symon Andrew , Shinwell Shona
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Innovative midwifery schemes must be robustly evaluated to establish whether they should be modified or can be replicated. Assessing quality of care can help to ascertain a scheme's acceptability and effectiveness. We used an established quality care framework as a benchmark in our qualitative evaluation of a combined continuity of caregiver and planned home birth scheme in Scotland.

Methods

Qualitative evaluation of stakeholder perceptions using the Quality Maternal and Newborn Care Framework was the basis for six focus groups and two one‐to‐one interviews with stakeholders (new mothers, partners, midwives). A thematic analytical approach was used.

Results

The qualitative evaluation found universal approval among participants. Flexible working patterns helped to nurture positive relationships, and information and support were highly valued. The principal themes—Organization of Care/Work Culture; Information and Support; Relationships—were strongly inter‐related. They shared several subthemes, notably continuity of caregiver, flexible family‐centered care, and the benefits of being at home. Flexibility and mutual respect helped women to express autonomy and develop agency. Women related their birth experiences to friends, family, and colleagues, thereby helping to normalize home birth.

Conclusions

This qualitative evaluation of an innovative scheme used an established quality framework as a benchmark against which to assess stakeholder experiences. This approach helped to identify the critical codependence of factors involved in care delivery, which in turn helps to identify lessons for others considering similar schemes. Although our evaluation relates to one specific scheme, identifying the scheme's critical quality care aspects may assist others when planning similar schemes.
Factors influencing long‐term treatment response to botulinum toxin injection for spasmodic dysphonia
Authors: Kang Min Seok , Lee Seung Jin , Choi Hong‐Shik , Lim Jae‐Yol
Published: December 2020

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of long‐term botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD) and to determine the factors predictive of treatment response by investigating dose stability and average intervals.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Academic tertiary medical centre.

Exposures

A total of 470 patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia, who received electromyography‐guided BoNTA injections over 12 years, were retrospectively enrolled in this study.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The patients’ demographic data, baseline voice dynamics and treatment profiles (dose, frequency and intervals) were evaluated. Factors correlating with the dose adjustment ratio (number of increasing dosing/total number of BoNTA toxin injections) and changes in intervals between injections were statistically analysed.

Results

A total of 122 patients, who received ≥ 4 injections and whose average treatment interval was < 240 days, were finally evaluated. Of them, 115 (94.3%) were female and seven (5.7%) were male, and the mean age at initial treatment was 34.89 ± 13.07 and 41.14 ± 12.71 years, respectively. On average, patients received 18.00 ± 13.33 injections (1.67 ± 0.60 U/injection) to alternating unilateral vocal folds. The treatment period was 65.07 ± 43.28 months and the mean interval between injections was 4.16 ± 1.28 months. The mean dose adjustment ratio among patients who received ≥ 4 injections was 0.15 ± 0.13, and dose changes occurred 4.36 times/patient. The patients’ age and gender significantly affected the treatment response, where younger or female patients showed greater dosing variability and shorter intervals between injections. However, the baseline voice dynamics (voice handicap index, fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise‐to‐harmonic ratio, maximum phonation time and degree of voice breaks) did not predict the dose adjustment ratio or interval changes. In addition, patients with fluctuating doses showed lower age and higher VHI subscale scores, and patients with short‐treatment interval (< 100 days) showed higher SDF0.

Conclusions

Almost all patients received stable low doses of BoNTA over time, irrespective of the baseline results. Patients’ age, gender and VHI scores were correlated with poor treatment responses, such as frequent dose changes and shorter intervals between injections.
Glycosyltransferases: the multifaceted enzymatic regulator in insects
Authors: Nagare M. , Ayachit M. , Agnihotri A. , Schwab W. , Joshi R.
Published: December 2020

Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyse the reaction of glyco‐conjugation of various biomolecules by transferring the saccharide moieties from an activated nucleotide sugar to nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor. In insects, GTs show diverse temporal and site‐specific expression patterns and thus play significant roles in forming the complex biomolecular structures that are necessary for insect survival, growth and development. Several insects exhibit GT‐mediated detoxification as a key defence strategy against plant allelochemicals and xenobiotic compounds, as well as a mechanism for pesticide cross‐resistance. Also, these enzymes act as crucial effectors and modulators in various developmental processes of insects such as eye development, UV shielding, cuticle formation, epithelial development and other specialized functions. Furthermore, many of the known insect GTs have been shown to play a fundamental role in other physiological processes like body pigmentation, cuticular tanning, chemosensation and stress response. This review provides a detailed overview of the multifaceted functionality of insect GTs and summarizes numerous case studies associated with it.
ADHD and risk for subsequent adverse childhood experiences: understanding the cycle of adversity
Authors: Lugo‐Candelas Claudia , Corbeil Thomas , Wall Melanie , Posner Jonathan , Bird Hector , Canino Glorisa , Fisher Prudence W. , Suglia Shakira F. , Duarte Cristiane S.
Published: December 2020

Background

Children with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely to develop Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The reverse relationship – ADHD predicting subsequent ACEs – is vastly understudied, although it may be of great relevance to underserved populations highly exposed to ACEs.

Methods

Participants were 5‐ to 15‐year‐olds (48% females) with (9.9%) and without ADHD (DSM‐IV criteria except age of onset) in a longitudinal population‐based study of Puerto Rican youth. In each wave (3 yearly assessments, W1‐3), ten ACEs (covering parental loss and maladjustment and child maltreatment) were examined, plus exposure to violence. Logistic regression models examined ADHD (including subtypes) and subsequent risk for ACEs. Also considered were interactions by age, sex, number of W1 ACEs, and recruitment site.

Results

Children with W1 ADHD were more likely to experience subsequent adversity (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.12–2.37) accounting for child age, sex, public assistance, maternal education, site, disruptive behavior disorders, and W1 ACEs. Inattentive (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.09–3.66), but not hyperactive/impulsive or combined ADHD, predicted future ACEs.

Conclusions

ADHD predicts subsequent risk for ACEs, and the inattentive presentation may confer the most risk. Inattentive presentations could pose a bigger risk given differences in symptom persistence, latency to access to treatment, and treatment duration. The present study suggests a pathway for the perpetuation of adversity, where bidirectional relationships between ADHD and ACEs may ensnare children in developmental pathways predictive of poor outcomes. Understanding the mechanism underlying this association can help the development of interventions that interrupt the cycle of adversity exposure and improve the lives of children with ADHD.
Synergistic effects of temperature and plant quality, on development time, size and lipid in Eccritotarsus eichhorniae
Authors: Ismail Mohannad , Brooks Margot , van Baaren Joan , Albittar Loulou
Published: December 2020

Body size is an important biotic factor in evolutionary ecology, since it affects all aspects of insect physiology, life history and, consequently, fitness in ectothermic insects and how species adapt with their environment. It has been linked to temperature, with lower temperatures resulting in larger size. In this study, we tested the combined impact of temperature and plant quality on the body size, and development time from egg to adult of Eccritotarsus eichhorniae (Hemiptera: Miridae), an herbivorous insect used as a biological control agent against the invasive aquatic weed, water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae). We quantified insect size in individuals exposed to three temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) combined with three qualities of host plant (high, medium and low) by calculating development time and measuring four traits: tibia length, forewing length, dry body mass and lipid content, and we also determined the wing loading index. The development time, dry body mass and lipid content decreased linearly with increasing temperature and decreasing plant quality. The decrease in size was the greatest when high temperature interacted with low plant quality. Smaller individuals had proportionately less lipid content. Wing loading decreased significantly with lower quality of host plant, resulting in individuals likely to have theoretically higher flight ability. The results support the temperature‐size rule (TSR) and that plant quality could influence the relationship between development time and the TSR. Results also provide novel evidence for a possible food quality‐size rule for both sexes.
Activation of silent information regulator 1 exerts a neuroprotective effect after intracerebral hemorrhage by deacetylating NF‐κB/p65
Authors: Deng Hong‐Ji , Zhou Chen‐Hui , Huang Li‐Tian , Wen Liang‐Bao , Zhou Meng‐Liang , Wang Chun‐Xi
Published: December 2020

Nuclear factor (NF)‐κB‐mediated neuroinflammation is an important mechanism of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)‐induced neurotoxicity. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays a multi‐protective effect in a variety of diseases by deacetylating and inhibiting NF‐κB/p65. However, the role of SIRT1 in brain damage following ICH remains unclear. We hypothesized that SIRT1 can protect against ICH‐induced brain damage by inhibiting neuroinflammation through deacetylating NF‐κB/p65. The ICH model was induced in vivo (with collagenase) and in vitro (with hemoglobin). Resveratrol and Ex527 were administered to activate or inhibit SIRT1, respectively. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect the expression of SIRT1 and p65. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to explore tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β release. The neurological score, brain water content, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and brain hemoglobin content were determined to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of SIRT1. SIRT1 expression was decreased, whereas the level of acetylated p65 (Ac‐p65) was elevated after ICH in vivo. Moreover, hemoglobin treatment decreased the expression of SIRT1 in vitro. Activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol had a neuroprotective effect, along with decreased levels of Ac‐p65, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and apoptosis after ICH. The effect of resveratrol was abolished by the SIRT1 inhibitor Ex527. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that SIRT1 exerts a neuroprotective effect after ICH by deacetylating p65 to inhibit the NF‐κB‐dependent inflammatory response.

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No familiarization or ‘first‐night effect’ evident when monitoring sleep using wrist actigraphy
Authors: Driller Matthew W. , Dunican Ian C.
Published: December 2020

Anecdotal reports suggest that the first night of sleep monitoring using a wrist‐actigraphy monitor may result in impaired sleep when compared to subsequent nights, due to increased levels of anxiety and awareness of being monitored. This phenomenon has been seen in sleep laboratories with polysomnographic monitoring. However, this is yet to be established for wrist actigraphy monitoring in the research literature. A total of 240 healthy adult participants (177 male, 63 female; age range, 18–35 years) had their sleep monitored using wrist actigraphy over a period of five nights of ‘normal’ sleep (1,200 nights of data). Sleep variables including sleep latency, wake episodes, wake after sleep onset, awakenings per hour, time in bed, total sleep time and sleep efficiency % were evaluated across all nights of sleep. Comparisons were made using repeated measures ANOVAs, mean differences, range of mean differences, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Cohen's d effect sizes. There were no significant differences between the first night and subsequent nights for any of the measured sleep variables (p < .05) and all differences were associated with trivial effect sizes (d < 0.2). ICCs ranged from 0.35 to 0.62 (low to moderate). Despite claims of impaired sleep during the first night of sleep monitoring, our results indicate that a familiarization period may not be necessary when monitoring sleep in healthy participants using wrist actigraphy. However, the response is highly individual and further research is required to assess personality traits and responses to sleep monitoring.
“We Don't Have the Right Words!”: Idiomatic Violence, Embodied Inequalities, and Uneven Translations in Indian Law Enforcement
Authors: Fuchs Sandhya
Published: December 2020

This article interrogates the relationship among legal gatekeepers, embodied expressions of structural violence, and institutional patterns of translation in the mobilization of antidiscrimination legislation by examining a case registered under the 1989 Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes Prevention of Atrocities Act in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The article proposes that law enforcement officials often utilize legal registers and legal aesthetics as defensive shields against the demands of historically marginalized groups, which interfere with their institutionalized moralities and wider loyalties to higher caste groups. Thereby they reinscribe the very structural inequalities antidiscrimination laws are intended to address. This process is often the result of a dual breakdown of translation. On the one hand, police officers often refuse to engage with the local linguistic idioms of marginalized communities in a way that makes their experiences legible to the law. On the other hand, survivors of discriminatory violence are themselves hesitant to make their suffering explicit due to trauma and fear of being publicly humiliated. Ultimately, this process can instill further feelings of inadequacy in victims of discrimination at the very moment they try to claim their rights. This case ultimately questions the ability of antidiscrimination legislation to effectively counteract the effects of structural inequality. [India, anti‐discrimination law, translation, caste, embodiment]
On the financial literacy, indebtedness, and wealth of Colombian households
Authors: Cao‐Alvira José J. , Novoa‐Hoyos Amalia , Núñez‐Torres Alexander
Published: December 2020

In this paper we attempt to find existing linkages of financial literacy with indebtedness and wealth accumulation of households in Bogotá, the capital of Colombia. We analyze an econometric model where we regress a household’s debt usage, cost of debt servicing, and wealth indicators against its financial literacy. Financial literacy is assessed according to the financial numeracy and money management skills of the head of households. Numeracy skills are found to have a positive correlation with the decision to use debt and have a mortgage and with the total number of lending sources, debt‐to‐income, and net worth. Money management skills decrease the household’s likelihood of using all of the debt types considered in the analysis and increase with net worth. We also uncover important debt and wealth accumulation conducts closely tied to the city’s economic stratification and the gender of the head of household. A number of public policy implications are derived from the results of the analysis.
Orbital Epstein‐Barr virus‐related post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a 13‐year‐old girl with cord blood transplantation
Authors: Shigemura Tomonari , Maruyama Yuta , Shigeto Shohei , Nakazawa Yozo , Kanno Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV‐PTLD) is increasingly recognized as a life‐threatening complication after transplantation. Most areas affected by EBV‐PTLD are lymph nodes, with occasional reports of extranodal lesions such as the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system; however, orbital regions are extremely rare. We report a case of EBV‐PTLD in a cord blood transplant recipient with a tumor in the upper right eyelid. Ultimately, eye symptoms were the first signs of PTLD. Transplant physicians should consider the possibility of PTLD when encountering an orbital lesion.
Aeromechanical Analysis of a Complete Wind Turbine Using Nonlinear Frequency Domain Solution Method
Authors: Naung Shine Win , Rahmati Mohammad , Farokhi Hamed
Published: December 2020

The high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a complete wind turbine model usually require significant computational resources. It will require much more resources if the fluid–structure interactions (FSIs) between the blade and the flow are considered, and it has been the major challenge in the industry. The aeromechanical analysis of a complete wind turbine model using a high-fidelity CFD method is discussed in this paper. The distinctiveness of this paper is the application of the nonlinear frequency domain solution method to analyze the forced response and flutter instability of the blade as well as to investigate the unsteady flow field across the wind turbine rotor and the tower. This method also enables the aeromechanical simulations of wind turbines for various interblade phase angles in a combination with a phase shift solution method. Extensive validations of the nonlinear frequency domain solution method against the conventional time domain solution method reveal that the proposed frequency domain solution method can reduce the computational cost by one to two orders of magnitude.
Response Statistics of U-Oscillating Water Column Energy Harvesters Exposed to Extreme Storms: Application to the Case Study of Roccella Jonica (Italy)
Authors: Arena Felice , Laface Valentina , Malara Giovanni , Meduri Saveria , Pedroncini Andrea
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the case study of a marina located in Roccella Jonica (Italy), where a wave energy harvester belonging to the family of U-oscillating water columns (U-OWC) is going to be installed. U-OWCs are wave energy harvesters composed of a water column exposed to the action of random sea waves and an air pocket connected to the atmosphere by a power take—off (PTO) system. In Roccella Jonica, this device is going to be embedded in a vertical breakwater expanding the main layout of the infrastructure. For ensuring the structural safety of the system, to characterize statistically its response peaks in severe environmental conditions is important. In this context, one of the main difficulties is utilizing appropriate environmental conditions representing real extreme events at the installation site. This article proposes to adopt the DNV trapezoidal storm model for representing the time history of an extreme event in conjunction with a nonlinear U-OWC model. Relevant Monte Carlo simulations show that the DNV storm model provides peak distributions that are rather close to the ones obtained by processing real storm time histories. Thus, it can be adopted for checking the performance of the system in extreme conditions.
Deriving Design Feature Vectors for Patent Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Jiang Shuo , Luo Jianxi , Ruiz-Pava Guillermo , Hu Jie , Magee Christopher L.
Published: December 2020

The patent database is often used by designers to search for inspirational stimuli for innovative design opportunities because of the large size, extensive variety, and the massive quantity of design information contained in patent documents. Growing work on design-by-analogy has adopted various vectorization approaches for associating design documents. However, they only focused on text analysis and ignored visual information. Research in engineering design and cognitive psychology has shown that visual stimuli may benefit design ideation. In this study, we focus on visual design stimuli and automatically derive the vector space and the design feature vectors representing design images. The automatic vectorization approach uses a novel convolutional neural network architecture named Dual-Visual Geometry Group (VGG) aiming to accomplish two tasks: visual material-type prediction and international patent classification (IPC) section-label predictions. The derived feature vectors that embed both visual characteristics and technology-related knowledge can be potentially utilized to guide the retrieval and use of near-field and far-field design stimuli according to their vector distances. We report the accuracy of the training tasks and also use a case study to demonstrate the advantages of design image retrievals based on our model.
Analysis of the Postbuckling Response of Nonlocal Plates Via Fractional-Order Continuum Theory
Authors: Sidhardh Sai , Patnaik Sansit , Semperlotti Fabio
Published: December 2020

We present a comprehensive study on the postbuckling response of nonlocal structures performed by means of a frame-invariant fractional-order continuum theory to model the long-range (nonlocal) interactions. The use of fractional calculus facilitates an energy-based approach to nonlocal elasticity that plays a fundamental role in the present study. The underlying fractional framework enables mathematically, physically, and thermodynamically consistent integral-type constitutive models that, in contrast to the existing integer-order differential approaches, allow the nonlinear buckling and postbifurcation analyses of nonlocal structures. Furthermore, we present the first application of the Koiter’s asymptotic method to investigate postbifurcation branches of nonlocal structures. Finally, the theoretical framework is applied to study the postbuckling behavior of slender nonlocal plates. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the influence that long-range interactions bear on postbuckling response are undertaken. Numerical studies are carried out using a 2D fractional-order finite element method (f-FEM) modified to include a combination of the Newton–Raphson and a path-following arc-length iterative methods to solve the system of nonlinear algebraic equations that govern the equilibrium beyond the critical points. The present framework provides a general foundation to investigate the postbuckling response of potentially any type of nonlocal structure.