bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF IMPLEMENTATION DIFFERENT PROPERTY FORMS ON NATURAL RECREATIONAL RESOURCES
Authors: Martienko A.I. , Khumarova N.I.
Published: August 2018

It is defined the essence of the ownership forms on natural recreational resources as a certain level of the subject's independence in the management and organization of appropriation of natural reactionary objects and the level of access restriction other entities to management and appropriation of income and losses from recreational nature management. The methodological approach to determining the ownership forms on recreational natural resources concludes that the land acts as a spatial basis for the allocation of all natural resources, including recreational ones, therefore the forms of ownership of recreational resources are mainly determined by the forms of ownership of land objects; through the ownership on land, economic relations of ownership of recreational natural resources are manifested. Justified socio-economic and environmental preconditions for the variety ownership forms formation on natural resources such as the lack of objective conformity of the productive forces in the economics of environmental to the economic relations of state ownership of natural reactionary resources; the contradiction of economic interests between the property on the main means of production and the natural factors of production at enterprises of the recreational sphere; lack of necessary material and financial resources for rational recreational use of the state: protection of degraded natural recreational resources, introduction of potential recreational resources into economic circulation; implementation of social programs for the improvement of human rights; creation of new jobs and general growth of macroeconomic indicators and others. The principles of determining the concrete form of ownership for a particular natural recreational resource, among which the main are minimization of the loss from use, maximization of the received income; optimization of material and financial resources in the process of use, protection, restoration and reproduction are considered. The main criteria for changing the forms and subjects of natural resources ownership are distinguished: the marginal cost of maintaining, using, introducing the natural recreational resource into economic circulation is higher than the marginal economic and ecological income obtained from the usage and introduction the natural resource into economic turnover; the marginal cost of maintaining, using, introducing a natural resource into economic circulation is higher than the marginal socio-ecological results of state investment in other areas of the national economy (education, health care, culture, etc.) is higher than that of a given natural resource; alternative ownership improves economic and environmental parameters of natural resources and so on.
Editorial
Authors: Bergen-Aurand Brian
Published: August 2018

This cover of Screen Bodies features a photograph by Collen Mfazwe entitled “Love Has No Gender, Race or Sexuality. Boitumelo and Collen. (August 2017).” Mfazwe lives in Benoni, Gauteng, South Africa, and is a photographer at the South African platform Inkanyiso (Zulu for “the one who brings light”). In “Love Has No Gender,” we find a summary of Mfazwe’s response to South Africa’s drastically high rate of violent crime against womxn, lesbians, and bisexual and trans folk, a long-running pattern of gender-based violence that she confronts in a series she has been developing since 2017 called Imizimba (Bodies).
Transitions Within Queer North African Cinema
Authors: Temple Walter S.
Published: August 2018

In recent years, North African queer cinema has become increasingly visible both within and beyond Arabo-Orientale spaces. A number of critical factors have contributed to a global awareness of queer identities in contemporary Maghrebi cinema, including the dissemination of films through social media outlets and during international film festivals. Such tout contemporain representations of queer sexuality characterize a robust wave of films in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, inciting a new discourse on the condition of the marginalized traveler struggling to locate new forms of self and being—both at home and abroad.
Reviews
Authors: Howell Linda , Bell Ryan , Marks Laura Helen , Lieberman Jennifer L. , Schaub Joseph Christopher
Published: August 2018

Rebecca Bell-Metereau and Colleen Glenn, editors, Star Bodies and the Erotics
of Suffering (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2015), 362 pp. ISBN:
9780814339398 (paperback, $35)
Anthony Curtis Adler, Celebricities: Media Culture and the Phenomenology of
Gadget Commodity Life (New York: Fordham University Press, 2016), 250 pp.
ISBN: 9780823270804 (paperback, $38)

Scott. C. Richmond, Cinema’s Bodily Illusions: Flying, Floating, and Hallucinating
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2016), 215 pp. ISBN:
9780816690992 (paperback, $27).

David Church, Disposable Passions: Vintage Pornography and the Material
Legacies of Adult Cinema (New York: Bloomsbury, 2016), 296 pp. ISBN:
9781501307577 (paperback, $27)

Grant Bollmer. Inhuman Networks: Social Media and the Archaeology of Interconnection
(New York: Bloomsbury, 2016), 304 pp. ISBN: 9781501340178
(paperback, $36)

April Kalogeropoulos Householder and Adrienne Trier-Bieniek, editors,
Feminist
Perspectives on Orange Is The New Black: Thirteen Critical Essays
(Jefferson,
North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2016), 240 pp. ISBN:
978-1476663920 (paperback, $40)
Microbial Transformation of Some Steroids by Cladosporium Cladosporioides Mrc 70282
Authors: Yildirim Kudret , Kuru Ali , Yılmaz Raşit Fikret
Published: August 2018

Incubation of testosterone, androstenedione and progesterone with Cladosporium cladosporioides MRC 70282 for 5 days is reported. Testosterone was hydroxylated at C-16β and then oxidised at C-16. This was accompanied by a minor independent oxidation at C-17 and epimerisation at C-17. Androstenedione was reduced at C-17 and hydroxylated at C-16β, and this was then oxidised to a ketone at C-16. This was accompanied by a minor epimerisation at C-17. Progesterone was hydroxylated at C-21, and this was accompanied by a minor independent 5α-reduction.
WAJAH ISLAM DI BANDAR JALUR SUTERA (Kajian Sejarah Sosial Pada Kesultanan Tidore-Maluku Utara)
Authors: Rais Muhammad
Published: August 2018

Riset ini menggunakan teknik penjaringan data sejarah secara konvensional dan kajian pustaka sebagai data primer
(utama) menganalisis sumber-sumber tertulis, seperti kronik-kronik dan manuskrip-manuskrip klasik, buku-buku sejarah,
artikel sejarah, artefak, dan dokumen sejarah sementara sumber data sekunder yang terdiri dari dua cara, yaitu wawancara
mendalam (indepth interview) dengan informan utama dan observasi.
Dalam konteks lslamisasi di Kesultanan Tidore, ditemukan beberapa leoriyang mengkonstruk data-data terkait, diantaranya: Teori
Arab-meminjam istilah Ahmad Mansur (12 Rabiul Awal 502 Hatau 12 April 1108 M) dibawa oleh empat orangsyekh, Syekh Mansur
di Pulau Ternate, Pulau Halmahera dan sekitarnya, Syekh Yakub dengan wilayah syiar Pulau Tidore, Pulau Makian dan sekitarnya,
Syekh Amin dan Syekh Umar melakukan syiar Islam di Pulau Halmahera. Kedua, Teori Persia sesuai keterangan Muhammad Jafar
Shadiq bahwa Islam telah eksis di Maluku pada abad ke-13: Kedga, Teori Jawa, Jusuf Abdurrahman mengemukakan bukti sejarah,
bahwa pada abad ke-14, tepatnya tahun 1465 M, dibawa muballigh bernama Datuk Maulana Husein sudah datang di Ternate dan
mengajarkan al-quran, Keempat, Teori Gujarat, teori ini digagas oleh Snaouck Hurgronje. Kelima, Teori Cina, berdasarkan hasil
interview dengan Adnan Amal, yang menganggap bahwa Jafar Shadiq yang dimaksudkan banyak kalangan di Maluku Utara
sebagai orangArab keturunan Rasulullah SAW. lslamisasi di Kepulauan Tidore dengan tipologi islamisasipola kombinasi antara
integratif dan dialog seperti belaku di Sulawesi dan Indonesia Bagian Timur, Kedatangan dan penerimaan Islam berimplikasi
pada perbahan-perubahan pada semua lini kehidupan sosial.
EFEKTIFITAS DIKLAT GURU MATA PELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI MADRASAH (Studi Tingkat Respon Guru Mata Pelajaran Yang Pernah Mengikuti Diktat Terhadap Penyelenggaraan Diklat di Balai Diklat Keagamaan Ambon)
Authors: Mujizatullah Mujizatullah
Published: August 2018

Program diklat Guru Mata Pelajaran (GMP), diperuntukkan bagi meningkatkan kompetensi guru sehingga kualitas
pendidikan yang diharapkan juga semakin meningkat. Berdasarkan harapan tersebut maka masalah penelitian yang
diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana respon peserta diklat Guru Mata Pelajaran (GMP) terhadap
penyelenggaraan Diklat GMP dan bagaimanapeningkatan kompetensi Guru Mata Pelajaran (GMP) setelah mengikuti
Diklat GMP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluatif, Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data dilapangan
adalah: angket, daftar pertanyaan, dan dukumentasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon peserta diklat Guru Mata Pelajaran (GMP) terhadap penyelenggaraan
Diklat GMP di Maluku cukup positif dan berada dalam kategori baik dan pada aspek rekrutmen dikategorikan kurang
efektif. Pada pelaksanaan Diklat secara umum, perlu perbaikan ierutama pada sumber dan media belajar masih
kurang. Pada kompetensi pedagogik diperoleh respon guru dirasakan kurang pada aspek pedagogik khususnya pada
penyelenggaraan pembelajaran. Pada kompetensi profesional terutama pada kemampuan memanfaatkan teknologi
informasi dan komunikasi dalam pengembangan diri direspon oleh guru masih kurang. Pada kompetensi sosial pada
umumnya direspon oleh guru kurang mampu berkomunikasi dengan teman sejawat dan komunitas ilmiah lainnya. Pada
tingkat kompetensi profesional terkategori baik kompetensi pedagogik kategori sedang, kompetensi profesional kategori
sedang, kompetensi kepribadian kategori sangat tinggi, dan kompetensi sosial terkategori sedang.
Orang Tidung di Pulau Sebatik : Identitas Etnik, Budaya dan Kehidupan Keagamaan
Authors: Sani Muhammad Yamin
Published: August 2018

Artikel ini merupakan bagian dari hasil penelitian berjudul Orang Tidung di Tapal Batas Membangun Negeri Merawat Harmoni : Kajian Hubungan Antarsuku bangsa di Kabupaten Nunukan Kalimantan Utara.

Penelitian etnografi kritis ini mengkaji konstruksi identitas etnik dan aspek budaya orang Tidung di Kabupaten Nunukan. Data dianalisis secara interaktif, meliputi reduksi data, displai data dan verifikasi.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, identitas etnik Tidung, terbangun dari beberapa versi dari hasil interpretasi kelompok-kelompok etnis Tidung sendiri yang berasal dari beberapa daerah di Kalimantan Utara, bahkan orang Tidung yang berasal dari Malaysia Timur. Terdapat dua pendapat dari versi identitas orang Tidung. Pertama, orang Tidung adalah bagian dari etnis Dayak dan kedua orang Tidung sebagaimana yang ada dalam mitologi adalah kelompok etnis tersendiri.

Dalam perkembangannya, orang Tidung di beberapa daerah, seperti orang Tidung di Tarakan tergolong maju, sementara lainnya, seperti orang Tidung di Kabupaten Nunukan tergolong masih hidup secara sederhana. Kesederhanaan orang Tidung di Kabupaten Nunukan tercermin dari orientasi nilai budaya yang mereka miliki untuk hidup secara bersahaja.  Dalam kehidupan keagamaan, generasi tua orang Tidung tergolong Islam pluralistik, sementara generasi mudanya berupaya membeaskan diri dari unsur-unsur pluralisme dalam agama Islam yang mereka anut.

Dalam era reformasi ini, terlihat mulai terbangunnya kesadaran akan penguatan politik identitas yang ditandai dengan munculnya “Pan Dayak” yang mencerminkan arena persaudaraan antara orang Dayak dengan orang Tidung dalam organisasi PUSAKA (Persatuan Suku Asli Kalimantan). Semangat kebangkitan politik identitas perlu dicermati, karena Kabupaten Nunukan termasuk wilayah yang pluralistik, terutama bagi orang Bugis yang menguasai daerah tersebut, baik secara ekonomi, maupun politik, sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan hubungan antarsukubangsa secara baik agar situasi di Kabupaten Nunukan tetap terkendali.
Effect of Poly Phenols in Enhancing the Swimming Capacity of Rats
Authors: Swamy Mahadevappa Siddalinga , Sivanna Naveen , Tamatam Anand , Khanum Farhath
Published: August 2018

Background: Increased physical activities elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to dysfunction and integrity of cells thus inducing oxidative stress which intern may affect overall physical performance. Polyphenols are well known for their excellent antioxidant potency. In this study, the effect of selected polyphenols with established health benefits viz., catachin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid and quercetin was investigated with respect to swimming performance in rats. Methods: The animals were force fed with aqueous mixture of polyphenols at 25 mg/rat/day and subjected to swimming exercise until exhaustion. Results: Rats fed with poly phenols showed a significant increase in swimming time, and the activities of Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine pyruvic kinase (CPK) were lowered. Polyphenols increased the concentration of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glycogen in muscle lowered the activities of and. Polyphenols increased the concentration of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glycogen in muscle and reduced MDA levels in the liver, muscle and blood but increased DNA and RNA concentration in muscle. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrated combination of polyphenols used enhanced the swimming performance of the rats.Keywords: Polyphenols, Exercise capacity, ROS, ATP, Catachin, Chlorogenic acid, Ellagic acid and Quercetin
Health Promotion by Antioxidants
Authors: Nishino Hoyoku , Murakoshi Michiaki , Satomi Yoshiko
Published: August 2018

Background: Various antioxidnats from daily foods are expected to prevent lifestyle-related diseases. For example, natural carotenoid beta-cryptoxanthin seems to be a promising antioxidant, and based upon epidemiological data it was shown to be a possible cancer preventing agent. For this reason, we chose to study beta-cryptoxanthin more extensively.Methods and Results: From the result of clinical trial using beta-cryptoxanthin-enriched Mandarin orange juice, it was proven to potentiate the preventive activity of multi-carotenoid mixture against liver cancer in the patients with chronic viral hepatitis-induced liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, beta-cryptoxanthin also has preventive activity against alcohol-induced gamma-GTP elevation, and obesity.Conclusion: An antioxidant beta -cryptoxanthin seems to be valuable for health promotion.Key words: beta-Cryptoxanthin, Health promotion, Liver cancer prevention, Prevention of alcohol-induced gamma-GTP elevation, Prevention of obesity.
A combination of various functional food ingredients as a weight management program: randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind human clinical studies
Authors: Amagase Harunobu
Published: August 2018

Background: Lycium barbarum increased the postprandial energy expenditure (PPEE). Negative energy balance caused by the systematic procedure (TAIslim® System), including increasing metabolic rate through physical activity, use of Lycium barbarum-containing TAIslim (Product A), and decreasing caloric intake by consuming a chewable confection (TAIslim SKINNY=Product B), and a meal replacement shake (TAIslim SHAKE=Product C), would be successful for weight loss.Methods: We examined TAIslim System on anthropometrics, appetite in Study 1 and PPEE in Study 2, both in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind manner. 1) A total of 67 participants were randomized into 2 groups (placebo or TAIslim System). Intake procedures were: Product A, 60 ml (20 kcal) b.i.d. immediately before breakfast and lunch, Product B, 1 chew (20 kcal) t.i.d. between meals and after dinner; Product C, 40.5 g (158 kcal) as breakfast. A calorie-restricted diet with multi-vitamin supplementation and daily exercise was required. Anthropometric parameters were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 w. 2) Appetite was measured using a subjective visual analog scale during the initial 3-7 days of intake. 3) For PPEE evaluation, 12 participants consumed a single bout of TAIslim System products or placebo, and took part in 6 study sessions. EE was measured by an indirect calorimeter immediately before (baseline) and at 1, 2, and 4 h post-intake of samples.Results: 1) Body weight was significantly reduced by 6.2±0.7%, compared to pre-intervention with TAIslim System (P<0.01). Waist circumference, total body fat, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels were also significantly reduced by TAIslim System, in a range of 3.8-9.9%. TAIslim System was significantly more effective than the placebo (P<0.05). The placebo group showed -0.1-3.9% reduction from pre-intervention with no significant difference. 2) TAIslim System also significantly suppressed appetite, by 39%, compared to the baseline and placebo (P<0.05) (11% reduction in the placebo). 3) PPEE was significantly increased by TAIslim System compared to placebo and baseline levels. Compared to the baseline EE, placebo increased only by 0.8±0.9%, but 7.2±1.2 % with TAIslim System (P<0.01).Conclusions: It is suggested that TAIslim System exhibits significant weight loss and stimulating effects on caloric expenditure, and thus may be a useful and effective weight loss program.Keywords: Lycium barbarum, Goji, Fiber, Phenylalanine, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Tea, Polyphenols, Human clinical trial, Energy expenditure, Resting metabolic rate, Waist circumference, Appetite, Body mass index, TAIslim.
The Enhancing Effect of -Cyclodextrin Inclusion on -Tocotrienol-dependent Negative Growth Control of Mesothelioma Cells in a Xenograft Model
Authors: Yano T. , Sato A. , Sekine M. , Kashiwagi K. , Ota M.
Published: August 2018

Background: Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with no effective treatment options. Of phytochemicals, tocotrienol (T3), a member of vitamin E, is one of the most potent anti-mesothelioma agents, but the effectiveness in vivo is quite limited, due to its low bioavailability. In this study, we investigated if the oral treatment of -T3 inclusion with -cyclodextrin (CD) could improve the bioavailability and anticancer activity of the T3.Findings: Using nude mice bearing MSTO-211H cells (a human malignant mesothelioma cell line), the effect of -T3 inclusion with -CD on -T3 level in tumor tissues, tumor growth, and its related mRNA levels were examined. The difference of tumor growth between the two groups had no statistical significance, but the latter showed a lower tendency compared with the former. In linked with this observation, the level of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA required for in vivo tumor growth in -T3 inclusion with -CD group was lower than that in -T3 group, on the contrary, the level of -T3 level showed an opposite tendency.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the bioavailability of -T3 was improved by an oral administration of a novel -T3 inclusion complex with CD. Furthermore, the improvement of the bioavailability contributed to the increase of anticancer activity of -T3 in vivo.Key words: Anti-cancer agent, bioavailability, cyclodextrin, mesothelioma, tocotrienol.
Therapeutic Application of Diacylglycerol Oil for Obesity: Serotonin Hypothesis
Authors: Yanai Hidekatsu , Yoshida Hiroshi , Hirowatari Yuji , Tada Norio
Published: August 2018

Characteristics for the serum lipid abnormalities in the obesity/metabolic syndrome are elevated fasting, postprandial triglyceride (TG), and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil ingestion has been reported to ameliorate postprandial hyperlipidemia and prevent obesity by increasing energy expenditure, due to the intestinal physiochemical dynamics that differ from triacylglycerol (TAG). Our study demonstrated that DAG suppresses postprandial increase in TG-rich lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and insulin, as compared with TAG in young, healthy individuals. Interestingly, our study also presented that DAG significantly increases plasma serotonin, which is mostly present in the intestine, and mediates thermogenesis, proposing a possible mechanism for a postprandial increase in energy expenditure by DAG. Our other study demonstrated that DAG suppresses postprandial increase in TG, VLDL-C, and remnant-like particle-cholesterol, in comparison with TAG in an apolipoprotein C-II deficient subject, suggesting that DAG suppresses postprandial TG-rich lipoprotein independently of lipoprotein lipase. Further, to understand the molecular mechanisms for DAG-mediated increase in serotonin and energy expenditure, we studied the effects of 1-monoacylglycerol and 2-monoacylglycerol, distinct digestive products of DAG and TAG, respectively, on serotonin release from the Caco-2 cells, the human intestinal cell line. We also studied effects of 1- and 2-monoacylglycerol, and serotonin on the expression of mRNA associated with β-oxidation, fatty acids metabolism, and thermogenesis, in the Caco-2 cells. 1-monoacylglycerol significantly increased serotonin release from the Caco-2 cells, compared with 2-monoacylglycerol by approximately 40%. The expression of mRNA of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), fatty acid translocase (FAT), and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2), was significantly higher in 1-MOG-treated Caco-2 cells, than 2-MOG-treated cells. The expression of mRNA of ACO, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, FAT, and UCP-2, was significantly elevated in serotonin-treated Caco-2 cells, compared to cells incubated without serotonin. In conclusion, our clinical and in vitro studies suggested a possible therapeutic application of DAG for obesity, and obesity-related metabolic disorders.Key words: Diacylglycerol, intestine, obesity, serotonin, thermogenesis
Red wine extract, resveratrol, on maintenance of organ function following trauma-hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Fu-Chao , Yu Huang-Ping
Published: August 2018

Resveratrol, is a polyphenol that can be extracted from grapes and red wine, possess potential anti-inflammatory effects, which would result in the reduction of cytokine production, the alteration of the expression of adhesion molecule molecules, and the inhibition of neutrophil function. Resveratrol might also act as an antioxidant, anti-aging, and control of cell cycle and apoptosis. Resveratrol has been shown to have protective effects for patients in shock-like states. Such protective phenomenon is reported to be implicated in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways including the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/ hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, activates estrogen receptor (ER), and the mediation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and reactive. Moreover, through anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant properties, the resveratrol is believed to maintain organ function following trauma-hemorrhage.Key words: resveratrol, anti-inflammatory, trauma-hemorrhage.
Biochemical evaluation of the effects of Nigerian polyherbal preparation on Wistar rabbits
Authors: Anugweje Ken C. , Ojiako Okey A. , Igwe Chidi U. , Nwachukwu Winnifred A. , Ogbuji Chiza A.
Published: August 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies. Its sufferers are generally at high risk of dyslipidemia characterized by hypercholesterolemia, hyper-triglyceridemia, hyperlipoproteinemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Globally, the estimated cost of diabetes care was $376 billion in 2010, representing 12% of health expenditures for that year. Methods: The effects of the aqueous extracts of a little known Nigerian traditional polyherbal formula consisting of Emilia coccinea, Acanthus montanus, Hibiscus rosasinensis and Asystasia gangetica on serum glucose concentration, amylase activity and lipid profiles of normal, diabetic, and liver-damaged rabbits were studied using standard procedures. The mixture of the aqueous extracts of the four plants was orally administered in two doses – 120mg/kg body weight and 240mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Results: The drug elicited dose- and duration-of-administration-dependent, significant (p<0.05) reductions in serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and LDL-cholesterol; and significant (p<0.05) increases in the HDL-cholesterol concentrations with no changes in amylase activity.Conclusion: These results confirm the hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potentials of the crude drug and thus justify its application in ethnomedicine in the management of diabetes. Key words: Emilia coccinea, Acanthus montanus, Hibiscus rosasinensis, Asystasia gangetica, antidiabetic, hepatoprotection.
Flavonoids and phenolic acids from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) based foods and their functional implications
Authors: Nambiar Vanisha S. , Sareen Neha , Daniel Mammen , Gallego Erick B.
Published: August 2018

Background: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), considered a poor man’s cereal, may be a repository of dietary antioxidants, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, which provide bioactive mechanisms to reduce free radical induced oxidative stress and probably play a role in the prevention of ageing and various diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.Objective: The present study focused on the identification of individual flavonoids and phenolic acids from seven commercial varieties of pearl millet and five samples of pearl millet-based traditional recipes of Banaskantha, Gujarat, India.Methods: Total phenols were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and individual polyphenol separation included the isolation and identification of (a) flavonoids, (b) phenolic acids, and (c) glycoflavones involving interaction with diagnostic reagents and paper chromatographic separation of compounds and their UV-visible spectroscopic studies including hypsochromic and bathchromic shifts with reagents such as AlCl3, AlCl3/HCl, NaOMe, NaOAc, and NaOAc/H3PO3. Five traditional recipes consumed in the pearl millet producing belt of Banaskantha, Gujarat, India, were standardized in the laboratory and analyzed for phenol and individual flavonoids. Results: Total phenols in raw samples ranged from 268.5 - 420mg/100g of DW and 247.5 - 335mg/100g of DW in cooked recipes. The commonly identified flavonoids were tricin, acacetin, 3, 4 Di-OMe luteolin, and 4-OMe tricin. Five phenolic acids were identified: namely vanilic acid, syringic acid, melilotic acid, para-hydroxyl benzoic acid, and salicylic acid.Conclusion: The presence of flavonoids, such as tricin, acacetin, 3, 4 Di-OMe luteolin, and 4-OMe tricin, indicate the chemopreventive efficacy of pearl millet. They may be inversely related to mortality from coronary heart disease and to the incidence of heart attacks in the pearl millet consuming belts of the world.Keywords: Polyphenols, Antioxidant, Flavonoids, Total Phenols, Pearl Millet (raw and cooked) (Pennisetum glaucum), Banaskantha, Gujarat
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory effects of dairy- and soy-derived peptides in pre-hypertensive overweight men and women
Authors: Munn Melissa S. , Sibley Shalamar , Brundage Richard , Ismail Baraem , Earthman Carrie P.
Published: August 2018

Background: Hypertension is considered the most prevalent cardiovascular disorder and a significant public health problem. A functional food that could potentially impede progression into a hypertensive state in pre-hypertensive individuals is of significant interest to clinicians and consumers. In vitro and animal studies suggest the presence of potential ACE inhibitory dairy-and soy-derived peptides. Very few human-based research studies have been conducted to investigate the blood pressure lowering and/or ACE-inhibitory effects of whey and soy protein hydrolysates in humans. This pilot study tested the acute effects of 20g doses of whey and soy hydrolysates in pre-hypertensive, overweight men and postmenopausal women on serum ACE activity and blood pressure. Findings: Using a randomized crossover design, four initial subjects received five treatments (unhydrolyzed casein, whey protein isolate, whey protein hydrolysate, soy protein isolate, soy protein hydrolysate) at different testing visits separated by three-day washout periods. Blood pressure and blood draws to measure ACE activity were taken at thirty minute intervals following treatment consumption. Both the soy protein and whey protein hydrolysates had notable in vitro ACE-inhibitory activity, both before and after heat treatment. No differences were observed among the protein treatments for either ACE activity or systolic blood pressure. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study support a discrepancy between in vitro and human-based in vivo ACE-inhibitory acute effects of whey and soy protein hydrolysates, underscoring the need for further research to better understand potential explanations for these findings.  Key Words: ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme), Casein, Soy, Whey, Protein, Blood pressure, Dairy, Bioactive, Peptides
Krill protein hydrolysate reduces plasma triacylglycerol level with concurrent increase in plasma bile acid level and hepatic fatty acid catabolism in high-fat fed mice
Authors: Ramsvik Marie S. , Bjørndal Bodil , Vik Rita , Bruheim Inge , Skorve Jon , Berge Rolf K.
Published: August 2018

Background: Krill powder, consisting of both lipids and proteins, has been reported to modulate hepatic lipid catabolism in animals. Fish protein hydrolysate diets have also been reported to affect lipid metabolism and to elevate bile acid (BA) level in plasma. BA interacts with a number of nuclear receptors and thus affects a variety of signaling pathways, including very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a krill protein hydrolysate (KPH) could affect lipid and BA metabolism in mice. Method: C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat (21%, w/w) diet containing 20% crude protein (w/w) as casein (control group) or KPH for 6 weeks. Lipids and fatty acid composition were measured from plasma, enzyme activity and gene expression were analyzed from liver samples, and BA was measured from plasma.Results: The effect of dietary treatment with KPH resulted in reduced levels of plasma triacylglycerols (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). The KPH treated mice had also a marked increased plasma BA concentration. The increased plasma BA level was associated with induction of genes related to membrane canalicular exporter proteins (Abcc2, Abcb4) and to BA exporters to blood (Abcc3 and Abcc4). Of note, we observed a 2-fold increased nuclear farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) mRNA levels in the liver of mice fed KPH. We also observed increased activity of the nuclear peroxiosme proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) target gene carnitine plamitoyltransferase 2 (CPT-2). Conclusion: The KPH diet showed to influence lipid and BA metabolism in high-fat fed mice. Moreover, increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and elevation of BA concentration may regulate the plasma level of TAGs and NEFAs.Key words: Krill protein hydrolysate, triacylglycerol, fatty acids, TNFα
Anti-inflammatory, anthropometric and lipomodulatory effects Dyglomera® (aqueous extract of Dichrostachys glomerata) in obese patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kuate Dieudonne , Etoundi Blanche C. , Ngondi Judith L. , Muda Wan , Oben Julius E.
Published: August 2018

Background: Increased visceral fat, dyslipidemia and increased markers of inflammation and coagulation are cardiovascular risk factors commonly encountered in obese people with metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have shown that ground Dichrostachys glomerata (DG), a spice used in Western Cameroon, can have beneficial effects on inflammation and various other cardiovascular disease risk factors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Dyglomera®, an aqueous extract of DG (standardized to NLT 10% polyphenols) on certain anthropometric, biochemical (including pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic states) and hemodynamic parameters in obese patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods: The study was an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 116 males and 202 females aged between 24 and 58 years. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: treatment and placebo. Capsules containing the active treatment (200 mg Dyglomera®) or placebo (200 mg maize powder) were administered 30–60 minutes before lunch and dinner throughout the study period. Various biochemical (namely, blood glucose, lipid profile, pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic markers), anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters were measured at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment.Results: At the end of the study, the Dyglomera® group showed statistically significant differences in all 16 parameters compared to baseline values. Changes in BMI and waist circumference were accompanied by changes in biochemical parameters, with the exception of adiponectin levels which were not correlated to waist circumference and PAI-1 values. The results confirm the hypothesis that Dyglomera®, the aqueous extract of DG, has anti-inflammatory properties, and is effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in obese human subjects.Key words: Dichrostachys glomerata extract, inflammation, obesity, metabolic syndrome
Functional foods for weight management: Dietary Fiber – a systematic review
Authors: Boaz Mona , Leibovitz Eyal , Wainstein Julio
Published: August 2018

It has been estimated that more than 1.5 billion adults are overweight or obese worldwide [1], rendering obesity a global epidemic [2]. Obesity is associated with significant morbidity, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis and some cancers [3]. Thus, obesity is clearly a medical issue, its costs impacting heavily on health care systems in both developed and developing nations [4]. The combined impact of transmissible and chronic disease in the third world is particularly devastating to the very health care systems with fewest resources [5]. Because obesity has been identified as a major health issue, treating obesity is an important goal. However, weight loss management has proven notoriously difficult. It is well documented that reduced energy intake and increased energy expenditure may reduce body weight in the short term, but obesity relapse is the long term is anticipated [6]. In a study of overweight or obese US adults who weighed ≥ 10% less than their maximum body weight the year prior to the survey (n=1310), 33.5% regained > 5% during that year [7]. Despite its somewhat unimpressive success rate, "lifestyle" weight management remains the first line intervention for obesity treatment [8]. Lifestyle weight management can be defined as interventions based on energy restriction (weight loss diet); increased energy output (exercise); and/or behavioral change (cognitive or behavior therapy). Functional foods have been explored as a tool for enhancing lifestyle weight management. Functional foods evaluated for their efficacy as obesity interventions can be divided into two broad categories: 1) foods which suppress appetite and increase satiety; and 2) foods which enhance thermogenesis. The present review will focus on those foods thought to act by increasing satiety and suppressing appetite. Key words: Obesity, weight loss, systematic review, dietary fiber
The influence of obesity in patients with prostate cancer - Review of the literature
Authors: Goris Gbenou Maximilien C.
Published: August 2018

Recent studies have demonstrated an association between higher body mass index and increased aggressiveness in prostate cancer. The present narrative review, based on a search of Medline® and Embase® databases from October 1982 to October 2012, explores the relationship between higher body mass index and localized prostate cancer. In particular, the current epidemiological and mechanistic evidence for interactions between obesity and prostate cancer are discussed. Obesity is associated with alterations in androgen levels, decreased sex hormone binding globulin and increased estrogen levels, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, alterations in plasma lipoprotein levels particularly raised triglycerides and reduced high density lipoprotein, decreased levels of adiponectin, and increased levels of circulating insulin-growth factor- 1, leptin and dietary saturated fats. Obese men have more aggressive prostate cancer with a greater percentage prostate involvement, increased tumor volume and higher-grade disease, enlarged prostates, high prostate-specific antigen levels, increased risk of having positive margins and recurrence. Moreover, there is strong evidence of the beneficial effects of functional foods for the treatment of obesity. Additionally, an increasing number of studies support that obesity-induced inflammation plays an important role in the development of obesity-related pathologies. Despite, the beneficial role of nutriment in prostate cancer control, the use of functional foods in prostate cancer is not recommended for lack of large epidemiological studies. This data supports the hypothesis that obese men have more aggressive prostate cancers and that the obesity is a modifiable risk factor of prostate cancer. Key Words: prostate cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, high BMI, risk factor, diet, functional foods.
Inhibition of SIRT1 Transcription in Resveratrol-differentiated Medulloblastoma Cells
Authors: Ma Jing-Xin , Li Hong , Cheng Xiao-Xin , Wu Mo-Li , Yu Li-Jun , Kong Qing-You , Liu Ming , Liu Jia
Published: August 2018

Backgrounds: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the commonest brain malignancy in childhood with poor prognosis, because of its rapid aggressive growth and frequent occurrence. The current chemotherapeutic regimens for medulloblastoma patients involve a combination of lomustine, cisplatin, carboplatin, vincristine or cyclophosphamide, which have distinct short- and long-term side-effects. It is therefore in urgent need to explore safer and more effective adjuvant approach(s). Resveratrol, a polyphenol rich in numerous plants, has multiple biological activities including anticancer effects. Our previous data confirmed that resveratrol inhibited proliferation and induced differentiation and apoptosis of medulloblastoma cells. SIRT1 is a deacetylase of class III HDACs and the supposed molecular effecter of resveratrol. SIRT1 involves in aging prevention and cancer formation in a cell-context specific manner. Nevertheless, the datum concerning the role(s) of SIRT1 in formation and prognosis of medulloblastoma is still missing.Objective: The present study aimed to address the expression patterna of SIRT1 in medulloblastoma tissues and non-cancerous counterparts and to explore whether resveratrol exerts its anti-medulloblastoma effects via regulating SIRT1 expression and bioactivity.Methods: The expression of SIRT1 in medulloblastoma and non-cancerous counterparts was elucidated by immunohistochemical ataining (IHC). To clarify the function of SIRT1 in medulloblastomas, SIRT1 expression in UW228-3 medulloblastoma cells were suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi). The influence of resveratrol in SIRT1 expressions in UW228-3 cells was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western blotting (WB). The catalytic activity of deacetylase SIRT1 was examined by measuring the acetylation of the main substrate p53.Results: IHC staining revealed that SIRT1 was expressed in 64.17% of MB tissues, which was higher than that in noncancerous cerebellum tissues (14.29%). The frequencies of SIRT1 expression in the nodular MB (22.22%) with better prognosis is lower than that in anaplastic MB (79.07% ) and classic MB (60.29 %; P<0.05). The proliferation of UW228-3 cells was remarkably suppressed after being transfected with SIRT1 siRNA, accompanied with extensive cell death. The results of RT-PCR and WB showed that after 48 hours 100 M resveratrol treatment, SIRT1 expression in UW228-3 cells was down-regulated at both transcriptional and translational levels. However, resveratrol has no effect on the deacetylase activity of SIRT1.Conclusion: The above findings suggested that SIRT1 expression is corrected with the formation and prognosis of human MB. Resveratrol influences SIRT1 functioning in human MB cells through inhibiting SIRT1 expression rather than modulating its acetylation activity.Keywords: resveratrol, SIRT1, RNA interference, deacetylase, medulloblastoma
Bioactive form of resveratrol in glioblastoma cells and its safety for normal brain cells
Authors: Shu Xiao-Hong , Li Hong , Sun Xiao-Xin , Sun Zheng , Wang Li-Li , Song Xue , Shi Shun , Wu Mo-Li , Chen Xiao-Yan , Kong Qing-You , Jia Liu
Published: August 2018

Background: Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol existing in grapes and many other natural foods, possesses a wide range of biological activities including cancer prevention. It has been recognized that resveratrol is intracellularly biotransformed to different metabolites, but no direct evidence has been available to ascertain its bioactive form because of the difficulty to maintain resveratrol unmetabolized in vivo or in vitro. It would be therefore worthwhile to elucidate the potential therapeutic implications of resveratrol metabolism using a reliable resveratrol-sensitive cancer cells.Objective: To identify the real biological form of trans-resveratrol and to evaluate the safety of the effective anticancer dose of resveratrol for the normal brain cells.Methods: The samples were prepared from the condition media and cell lysates of human glioblastoma U251 cells, and were purified by solid phase extraction (SPE). The samples were subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis. According to the metabolite(s), trans-resveratrol was biotransformed in vitro by the method described elsewhere, and the resulting solution was used to treat U251 cells. Meanwhile, the responses of U251 and primarily cultured rat normal brain cells (glial cells and neurons) to 100μM trans-resveratrol were evaluated by multiple experimental methods.Results: The results revealed that resveratrol monosulfate was the major metabolite in U251 cells. About half fraction of resveratrol monosulfate was prepared in vitro and this trans-resveratrol and resveratrol monosulfate mixture showed little inhibitory effect on U251 cells. It is also found that rat primary brain cells (PBCs) not only resist 100μM but also tolerate as high as 200μM resveratrol treatment. Conclusions: Our study thus demonstrated that trans-resveratrol was the bioactive form in glioblastoma cells and, therefore, the biotransforming activity of trans-resveratrol would be reversely correlated with the chemosensitivity of the treated cells. The findings from PBCs suggest that an effective anti-glioblastoma dose of resveratrol may not exert side-effect on normal brain cells, providing a strong evidence for practical use of resveratrol in the management of human brain malignancies.Key words: Resveratrol, glioblastoma, drug metabolism
A five patient’s case study on the influence of two different probiotics on individual intestinal microbiota
Authors: Uchiyama-Tanaka Yoko
Published: August 2018

Background: The composition and activities of indigenous intestinal microbiota are of paramount importance to human immunity, nutrition, and pathological processes, and hence, the health of the individual. It is well established that the intestine is an important site for local immunity. It is known that the effect of probiotics increases beneficial microbiota and improves chronic conditions such as atopic diseases, irritable bowel disease, and obesity. However, as there are so many probiotics, it is unknown which probiotics might have more of an impact upon intestinal microbiota. Objective: To understand how two different types of probiotics influence human intestinal microbiota, we analyzed human fecal microbiota after taking each of the probiotics.Methods: Five outpatients from Yoko Clinic (1 male and 4 females; aged between 34–46 years old) were enrolled in this study. None of the subjects had cancer or any active inflammatory diseases. The five patients took Lactobacillus buchneri (SU) for 4 weeks, no probiotics the following week, and mixed probiotics (NS) which are Lactobacillus plantarum (NS-5), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NS-11), Lactobacillus delbruekii (NS-12), Lactobacillus helveticus (NS-8), Lactobacillus fermentum (NS-9) for the following 4 weeks. Fecal samples were collected before and after the outpatients took each of the two probiotics, and were then analyzed using a kit from Techno Suruga Laboratory Co., Ltd. The analysis of the microbiota was performed by targeting bacterial 16S rRNA genes with a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis program (Nagashima method).Results: Three patients of the five patients decreased the percentage of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillales, Bifidobacteria) after taking SU (13.7 ± 7.1% to 4.0 ± 3.5%), whereas the remaining two patients showed an increased percentage of beneficial bacteria (16.8 ± 3.4% to 30.4 ± 4.6%). After taking NS, the three patients who decreased the percentage of beneficial bacteria after taking SU increased their beneficial bacteria (4.0 ± 3.5% to 8.0 ± 2.1%), whereas the two patients who increased beneficial bacteria after taking SU showed a decreased percentage of beneficial bacteria (30.4 ± 4.6% to 16.4 ± 7.4%).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the two probiotics had different influences. Probiotics should be selected not only for their quality but also for compatibility with each intestinal bacterial flora.Key words: probiotics, intestine, microbiota
Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and locomotor activity in an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Lange Klaus W. , Makulska-Gertruda Ewelina , Reisinger Jakob , Sontag Thomas-A. , Hauser Joachim
Published: August 2018

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent behavioral disorder of childhood and is characterized by hyperactivity, attention problems and impulsivity. Pharmacological and behavioral therapies have been shown to be effective. In addition, the role of dietary compounds in the etiology and possibly the treatment of ADHD has attracted increasing attention. For example, the lack of dietary essential fatty acids has been suggested to be associated with symptoms of ADHD in humans.Objective: To investigate the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on locomotor activity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) which has been proposed as an animal model of ADHD.Methods: Two groups of randomly assigned spontaneously hypertensive rats were fed with either n-3 PUFA-deficient or n-3 PUFA-enriched food (based on AIN93G) for six weeks and this was continued during the phase of behavioral testing. Locomotor activity was subsequently assessed using an open field test.Results: The results showed a marked difference in locomotor activity between the two groups of SHRs. In comparison with rats fed with n-3 deficient food, the animals on an n-3 enriched diet showed a statistically significant decrease in motor activity as assessed by the distance traveled.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates a marked reduction in locomotor activity following an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet in SHRs, i.e. the dietary enrichment with n-3 PUFAs reduced the motor activity in an established animal model of ADHD. Dietary n-3 PUFAs may therefore play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHD.Key words: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, animal model, spontaneously hypertensive rat, SHR, motor activity