bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Families and Relationships’ e-Special Issue Introduction
Authors: May Vanessa , Dawson Matt
Published: March 2018

This ‘Families and Relationships’ e-Special Issue contains a selection of 10 articles previously published in Sociology. In this Introduction, we first outline the broader sub-disciplinary context and explain our selection criteria. The increased popularity of families and relationships as a focus of sociological study is reflected in the dominance of articles published in the 1990s and later. Our selection highlights the following developments within the field: the shift from the sociology of the family to a sociology of families; the debates surrounding late modernity and the individualisation thesis; increased diversity regarding types of family and kinds of issue that have been researched; and continued theoretical development that has widened the scope of study. We include reflections on how the selected articles speak to developments in the discipline at large and in the field of families and relationships, as well as what the future might hold for the field.
A new plan for African cities: The Ethiopia Urban Expansion Initiative
Authors: Lamson-Hall Patrick , Angel Shlomo , DeGroot David , Martin Richard , Tafesse Tsigereda
Published: March 2018

Recent research indicates that a simplified approach to urban planning in Sub-Saharan African cities can address the challenges of rapid urban growth. Current plans focus too heavily on the existing area of the city and offer unrealistic agendas for future urban growth, such as densification, containment and high-rise development; plans that are often too complicated and too costly to be deployed in a developing-world context. In response, New York University and the Government of Ethiopia have created a programme to deploy a simple methodology called Making Room for Urban Expansion in 18 Ethiopian cities that are experiencing rapid growth. The programme is called the Ethiopia Urban Expansion Initiative. The Initiative set aside a number of standard planning objectives and instead focused only on expanding city boundaries to include adequate land for expansion, designing and protecting a network of arterial roads spaced approximately 1 km apart, and identifying and protecting environmentally sensitive open spaces. These efforts focused on areas that had not yet been occupied by development. This article reports on the preliminary results from the four Ethiopian cities participating in the Initiative that began in 2013. The results from the first four participating cities show that simple plans can lead to the creation of new arterial roads, increasing access to peripheral land and potentially bringing the available land supply in line with projected growth. These activities can be done at the local level and implemented with limited support from consultants and from the regional and national government, and it requires minimal public investment.
The Differential Impact of Social Participation and Social Support on Psychological Well-Being: Evidence From the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sharifian Neika , Grühn Daniel
Published: March 2018

Being socially engaged is theorized to diminish age-related declines in emotional functioning. However, unique facets of social engagement may differentially impact functioning in older adulthood. In particular, social participation (SP) might be more beneficial than social support (SS) in buffering declines. The goal of this study was to examine whether interindividual differences in SP and SS influenced intraindividual change in Psychological Well-Being (PWB). The impact of SS and SP on change in PWB was investigated in two samples from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study spanning 19 years (1992–2011): graduate respondents and their siblings. Using latent growth curve models, small declines in PWB were found. Individuals high in SP demonstrated a less steep decline in PWB across the three time points than individuals low in SP. SS, however, did not buffer declines in PWB. Developmental implications of the age-related trajectory of PWB and the relationship with social engagement are discussed.
Comparative Study on Subjective Experience of Elder Abuse Between Older Korean Immigrants in the United States and Older Koreans in Korea
Authors: Chang Miya
Published: March 2018

This study examines the prevalence of elder abuse and the relationship between sociodemographic factors and elder abuse among older Koreans in the United States and Korea. Survey data from older Koreans aged between 60 and 79 years from the two countries ( n = 480) were analyzed descriptively and in binary logistic regressions. This study found a similar prevalence of elder abuse in the two samples, with 26% of older Korean immigrants in the United States reporting abuse and 23% of older Koreans in Korea reporting abuse. However, there were significant differences in the types of emotional abuse experienced by older Koreans in both countries. Reports of some types of emotional abuse, such as ‘name calling' and ‘silent treatment,' were significantly higher in the United States than in Korea. These findings expand our knowledge of the experience of elder abuse among older Koreans in both countries.
A Principals-Principals Perspective of Hybrid Leviathans: Cross-Border Acquisitions by State-Owned MNEs
Authors: Chen Victor Zitian , Musacchio Aldo , Li Sali
Published: March 2018

We propose a private-government principals-principals approach to understand corporate governance of state-owned multinationals. We explain how the conflicts between large government and private blockholders may affect managerial decisions in the propensity of completing a cross-border acquisition and its dollar value. We argue that conflicts among different blockholders make it difficult to pursue large-scale, cross-border deals because such conflicts may lead to a less coherent objective function and to a rejection of deals that do not satisfy these groups’ conflicting objectives. Finally, we show that such blockholder conflicts are moderated by the salience of the government’s “dual influence” on the firm in question, related to a state’s soft budget constraint and/or diplomatic advantages in countries where the host and the home markets do not enjoy a bilateral investment treaty. Empirically, we found highly supportive evidence based on a global sample of 7,564 cross-border acquisitions between 2004 and 2013.
Fathers’ sensitive guidance moderates the association between coparenting and behavioral regulation in preschoolers
Authors: Baptista Joana , Sousa Diana , Soares Isabel , Martins Carla
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the links between paternal sensitive guidance, coparenting, and child behavioral regulation. It also aimed to assess whether paternal sensitive behaviors moderate the putative relationship between cooperative coparenting and child regulatory abilities. The sample comprised 70 preschoolers and their fathers. Behavioral regulation was assessed using the Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders task. For the assessment of paternal sensitive guidance, dyads were videotaped during a picture-book reading task. Fathers reported coparenting cooperation. Results revealed that coparenting predicted behavioral regulation, even after accounting for verbal ability and parental education. No significant links emerged between fathers’ sensitive guidance and regulatory skills. However, the interaction of coparenting and paternal sensitive behaviors predicted behavioral regulation: a lower score on cooperative coparenting was linked to more regulatory difficulties, when coupled with lower levels of paternal sensitive guidance. Intervention programs, designed to promote child self-regulation, should be focused on strategies aimed to improve both the cooperation between parents and the quality of individual parenting. Efforts should be made to include fathers.
Taxi Drivers and Taxidars: A Case Study of Uber and Ola in Delhi
Authors: Kashyap Rina , Bhatia Anjali
Published: March 2018

This article examines the role of the sharing economy in India’s development through the examples of aggregated taxis such as Uber and Ola in Delhi. 1 Based on a general survey of Uber and Ola drivers and users in Delhi, we argue that Uber and Ola do not measure up to their expected potential in the development of India’s economy on the parameters of ecological sustainability, employment through renting out assets and reduction in the need to own assets. Yet, Uber and Ola are notable for the creation of viable employment opportunities for drivers, and their many benefits for urban middle class users. Unique to the Uber and Ola phenomenon in India is the interception of driver opportunities by taxidars (taxi-owners). This tweaked Uber model for the Indian market allows the middle class individual—the police official, bureaucrat, property dealer, transporter or a professional—an entry into the aggregated taxi market.
How many hours does it take to make a friend?
Authors: Hall Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2018

The question of this investigation is, how many hours does it take to make a new friend? Drawing from Dunbar’s social brain hypothesis and Communicate Bond Belong theory, friendship status was examined as a function of hours together, shared activities, and everyday talk. In Study 1, MTurk participants ( N = 355) who had recently relocated estimated time spent with a new acquaintance. Hours together was associated with closer friendships. Time spent engaging in leisure activities also predicted closeness. In Study 2, first-year students ( N = 112) reported the number of hours spent with two new acquaintances three times over 9 weeks. Hours together was associated changes in closeness between waves. Two types of everyday talk predicted changes in closeness.
An examination of the communal coping process in recently diagnosed diabetes
Authors: Van Vleet Meredith , Helgeson Vicki S. , Seltman Howard J. , Korytkowski Mary T. , Hausmann Leslie R. M.
Published: March 2018

Communal coping, which involves a shared illness appraisal and engaging in collaboration when illness-related problems arise, is likely beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this work was to examine the process by which communal coping may lead to such benefits. First, we hypothesized that illness-related interactions characterized by more communal coping would involve greater spouse support provision and greater patient receptivity to support. Second, we hypothesized that such interactions would lead to greater perceived problem resolution and more positive perceptions of the interaction. Third, we expected communal coping to predict changes in long-term diabetes outcomes—increased self-efficacy, improved self-care, and reduced diabetes distress—6 months later. Finally, we predicted that these long-term links would be partially explained by the immediate interaction outcomes. We tested these hypotheses in a sample of 123 persons with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes and their spouses. Patient and spouse communal coping was observed in the laboratory during a diabetes stressor discussion, and patients reported outcomes immediately after the discussion and 6 months later. Results were largely consistent with hypotheses, but spouse communal coping was more consistently linked to support outcomes, and only patient communal coping was linked to changes in long-term outcomes. This work contributes to the literature indicating communal coping is beneficial for individuals with chronic illness and provides insight into the process by which communal coping exerts these effects.
Repeated intranasal ketamine for treatment-resistant depression – the way to go? Results from a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gálvez Verònica , Li Adrienne , Huggins Christina , Glue Paul , Martin Donel , Somogyi Andrew A , Alonzo Angelo , Rodgers Anthony , Mitchell Philip B , Loo Colleen K
Published: March 2018

Background:

Ketamine research in depression has mostly used intravenous, weight-based approaches, which are difficult to translate clinically. Intranasal (IN) ketamine is a promising alternative but no controlled data has been published on the feasibility, safety and potential efficacy of repeated IN ketamine treatments.

Methods:

This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study compared a 4-week course of eight treatments of 100 mg ketamine or 4.5 mg midazolam. Each treatment was given as 10 separate IN sprays, self-administered 5 min apart. The study was stopped early due to poor tolerability after five treatment-resistant depressed participants were included. Feasibility, safety (acute and cumulative), cognitive and efficacy outcomes were assessed. Plasma ketamine and norketamine concentrations were assayed after the first treatment.

Results:

Significant acute cardiovascular, psychotomimetic and neurological side effects occurred at doses < 100 mg ketamine. No participants were able to self-administer all 10 ketamine sprays due to incoordination; treatment time occasionally had to be extended (>45 min) due to acute side effects. No hepatic, cognitive or urinary changes were observed after the treatment course in either group. There was an approximately two-fold variation in ketamine and norketamine plasma concentrations between ketamine participants. At course end, one participant had remitted in each of the ketamine and midazolam groups.

Conclusions:

IN ketamine, with the drug formulation and delivery device used, was not a useful treatment approach in this study. Absorption was variable between individuals and acute tolerability was poor, requiring prolonged treatment administration time in some individuals. The drug formulation, the delivery device, the insufflation technique and individual patient factors play an important role in tolerability and efficacy when using IN ketamine for TRD.
Meta-analysis and review of dopamine agonists in acute episodes of mood disorder: Efficacy and safety
Authors: Romeo Bruno , Blecha Lisa , Locatelli Katia , Benyamina Amine , Martelli Catherine
Published: March 2018

The objective of this meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy and safety of partial and complete dopamine agonists in the treatment of acute mood disorder episodes. Randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trials of dopamine agonists in the treatment of acute mood disorder episodes were identified in the MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases and included in the meta-analysis. In monotherapy of mania, improved remission rates were found for cariprazine (odds ratio (OR): 2.08, P < 0.01) and for high-dose aripiprazole (OR: 3.00; P = 0.05), but not for low-dose aripiprazole. In bipolar depression, no improvement of remission and response rates was found for aripiprazole in monotherapy, whereas improved response rate (OR: 10.27, P < 0.01) was found for pramipexole only as an add-on to another mood stabilizer. In major depressive disorder, relatively similar improvements of remission rates were found for high-dose (OR: 1.96, p < 0.01) and low-dose aripiprazole (OR: 1.68, P = 0.01), as well as brexpiprazole (OR: 1.52, P = 0.05) as an add-on to antidepressant medication. Our meta-analysis shows that partial dopamine agonists at high doses are effective in treating acute mania. In major depressive disorder, which is resistant to classical antidepressants, low doses of partial dopamine agonists as adjunct therapy may represent a relatively safe and effective alternative.
Analysis of iron aluminide coated beams under creep conditions in high-temperature four-point bending tests
Authors: Nordmann Joachim , Thiem Philipp , Cinca Nuria , Naumenko Konstantin , Krüger Manja
Published: March 2018

Recent research is focused on the possibility to coat a metallic alloy with intermetallics or ceramics to improve wear and corrosion resistance, as well as creep behaviour at high temperatures, next to other properties of the alloy. Nowadays, this gains importance due to stricter environment guidelines. Here, we present a model to describe a non-symmetric compound in a high-temperature four-point bending test, performed at [Formula: see text]. The substrate material is an aluminium alloy AlSi10MgT6, and the coating material is the iron aluminide Fe24Al0.6Nb. Up next, a layer-wise theory is introduced to calculate the forces between substrate and coating. Furthermore, required material parameters are identified, and a new procedure to determine Young’s modulus of a coating is presented. Finally, simulation results are compared to experimental data, illustrating that the presented model is able to describe the material behaviour accurately.
Use of a Laser Diffractometer to Obtain the Particle Size Distribution of Fine-Grained Soils
Authors: Galacgac Jessica A. , Ooi Phillip S. K.
Published: March 2018

Obtaining the particle size distribution (PSD) of fine-grained soils in hydrometer testing has several shortcomings, particularly long test duration, whereas a laser diffractometer can provide a soil’s PSD relatively expediently. PSDs of the finer fraction of several Hawaiian soils using laser diffraction were compared with those from hydrometer testing. The objective was to investigate some key test variables affecting laser diffractometer PSDs including circulation duration, soil pre-treatment with a deflocculant, and the values of test parameters. The following conclusions are drawn. PSD becomes finer with increasing circulation duration. Circulation duration can be excessively large when attempting to match the laser diffractometer and hydrometer PSDs for the untreated soil. Soil should be pre-treated with sodium hexametaphosphate to decrease the circulation or test duration. The larger the real portion of the refractive index (RI), the coarser the soil. RI values must be calibrated for different laser diffractometer models and for different mineralogical compositions as the RI is a function of not only particle size and mineral composition but also the particle shape and light wavelength and different laser diffractometer models utilize different light wavelengths. The smaller the imaginary component of the RI, the more pronounced the finer fraction. The imaginary component also affects the shape of the PSD, especially in the finer spectrum. The optimum real and imaginary values of RI are 1.4 and −0.1i for the laser diffractometer used and for the fines tested in this study, respectively.
Safety Evaluation of the SafetyEdge Treatment for Pavement Edge Drop-Offs on Two-Lane Rural Roads
Authors: Lyon Craig , Persaud Bhagwant , Donnell Eric
Published: March 2018

This study estimated crash modification factors (CMFs) for the SafetyEdge paving technique that is applied for the treatment of pavement edge drop-offs on two-lane rural highways. An empirical Bayes observational before-after evaluation based on installation data in Iowa, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Florida found that the SafetyEdge treatment was associated with statistically significant reductions in fatal and injury (FI), run-off-the-road (ROR), opposite-direction (head-on and sideswipe), and drop-off-related crashes. The ROR CMF was also statistically significant for both horizontal curved and tangent sections. A disaggregate analysis examined the variation of the CMF for ROR with factors such as the travel lane width, traffic volume, presence of a horizontal curve, posted speed limit, and the pre-treatment ROR crash frequency. The results of that analysis indicated, for example, that the SafetyEdge paving technique appears to have a greater ROR safety benefit on two-lane rural roadway segments with average annual daily traffic volumes greater than 3,000 vehicles per day, relative to roadway segments with lower traffic volumes. A crash modification function (CMFunction) was calibrated with expected pre-treatment ROR crashes as the independent variable to simultaneously capture the relationship of the CMF for ROR crashes to multiple factors. An economic analysis found that the treatment is highly cost-effective.
Sustained Delivery of Transforming Growth Factor β1 by Use of Absorbable Alginate Scaffold Enhances Rotator Cuff Healing in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Yoon Jong Pil , Lee Chang-Hwa , Jung Jae Wook , Lee Hyun-Joo , Lee Yong-Soo , Kim Ja-Yeon , Park Ga Young , Choi Jin Hyun , Chung Seok Won
Published: March 2018

Background:

The failure rate for healing after rotator cuff repair is relatively high.

Purpose:

To establish a system for sustained release of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) using an alginate scaffold and evaluate the effects of the sustained release of TGF-β1 on rotator cuff healing in a rabbit model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Before the in vivo animal study, a standard MTS assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation and metabolic activity on the alginate scaffold. Additionally, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to confirm the capacity of the sustained release of TGF-β1-containing alginate scaffold. Once the in vitro studies were completed, bilateral supraspinatus tendon repairs were performed in 48 rabbits that were allocated to 3 groups (n = 16 each) (group 1, supraspinatus repair only; group 2, supraspinatus repair with TGF-β1 single injection; group 3, supraspinatus repair with TGF-β1 sustained release via an alginate-based delivery system). Biomechanical and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the quality of tendon-to-bone healing at 12 weeks after rotator cuff repair.

Results:

The cell proliferation rate of the alginate scaffold was 122.30% compared with the control (fresh medium) group, which confirmed that the alginate sheet had no cytotoxicity and enhanced cell proliferation. Additionally, the level of TGF-β1 was found to increase with time on the alginate scaffold. Biomechanically, group 3 exhibited a significantly heightened ultimate failure load compared with groups 1 and 2 (group 1, 74.89 ± 29.82 N; group 2, 80.02 ± 34.42 N; group 3, 108.32 ± 32.48 N; P = .011) and more prevalent midsubstance tear compared with group 1 ( P = .028). However, no statistical differences were found in the cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus tendon (group 1, 32.74 ± 9.38; group 2, 33.76 ± 8.89; group 3, 34.80 ± 14.52; P = .882) and ultimate stress (group 1, 2.62 ± 1.13 MPa; group 2, 2.99 ± 1.81 MPa; group 3, 3.62 ± 2.24 MPa; P = .317). Histologically, group 3 exhibited a significantly heightened modified total Bonar score (group 1, 5.00 ± 1.54; group 2, 6.12 ± 1.85; group 3, 7.50 ± 1.31; P = .001). In addition, the tendon-to-bone interface for group 3 demonstrated better collagen orientation, continuity, and organization, and the area of new fibrocartilage formation was more evident in group 3.

Conclusion:

At 12 weeks after rotator cuff repair, the authors found improved biomechanical and histological outcomes for sustained release of TGF-β1 using alginate scaffold in a rabbit model.

Clinical Relevance:

The alginate-bound growth factor delivery system might improve healing after rotator cuff repair in humans.
Analysis of the effect of the size of three-dimensional micro-geometric structures on physical adhesion phenomena using microprint technique
Authors: Oota-Ishigaki Akiko , Masuzawa Toru , Nagayama Kazuaki
Published: March 2018

Thrombus formation on biomaterial surfaces with microstructures is complex and not fully understood. We have studied the micro-secondary flow around microstructures that causes components of blood to adhere physically in a low Reynolds number region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of micro-column size on the adhesion phenomena and show a quantitative relationship between the micro-secondary flow and physical adhesion phenomena, considering microstructures of various sizes. The flow simulation and quantitative assessment of adhesion rates around micro-columns was conducted using four sizes of micro-columns. This study also calculated the vectors of micro-secondary flow and average shear rate around a micro-column using a computational fluid dynamics analysis. The simulation showed the micro-secondary flow toward the bottom surface at upstream side and low shear rate distribution generated around a micro-column. Furthermore, physical adhesion tests were conducted using microbeads and a perfusion circuit to examine the size effect of the micro-columns on the physical adhesion. The results showed that the average adhesion rate around the micro-column increases with the associated size increase of the micro-column. Our results indicate that quantification of micro-secondary flow on a material surface with microstructures of several sizes and shapes (such as in a rough surface) is important for the evaluation of the adhesion phenomenon even though the surface roughness value on the material surface is small.
Ashamed and Alone
Authors: Bailey Danielle J. S. , Klein Jennifer L.
Published: March 2018

Originally intended to decrease sexual victimization by increasing community awareness of convicted sex offenders, sex offender registration and notification laws have been shown to produce numerous unintended consequences for both registrants and their family members (FMs). In many cases, these unintended consequences may actually increase sexual reoffending risk by reducing offenders’ informal social control and inhibiting successful postconviction reintegration. The current study examines two such consequences, shame and social isolation, using a sample of 109 registered sex offenders and 116 sex offender FMs ( N = 225). Although prior research has documented the existence of shame and social isolation within both populations, to date, there have been no systematic attempts to examine variation between groups. We found that the degree of social isolation and shame does significantly differ between registered sex offenders and their FMs, with registered sex offenders reporting higher levels of both social isolation and shame compared to FMs at the bivariate level. Using ordinary least squares regression analysis, we determined that attitudinal variables (disrespect and unfair sanctions) were the most salient predictors of participants’ perceived intensity of social isolation and shame.
Influence of model assumptions on charring polymer decomposition in the cone calorimeter
Authors: Murer Luc , Chatenet Sarah , Fontaine Gaelle , Bourbigot Serge , Authier Olivier
Published: March 2018

This article addresses the one-dimensional modeling of a charring polymer decomposition in the cone calorimeter used to reproduce at bench scale the radiative heating from a fire. The rate-controlling phenomena are first discussed in a preliminary analysis of dimensionless numbers. Then, the role of three critical assumptions is highlighted by simulations: (1) transport of the gaseous products within the material or instantaneous release of gaseous products, (2) volume variation or constant volume, and (3) absorption of applied heat flux at the exposed face or through the thickness. Their influence in thermally thick regime is shown in particular on mass loss rate and time to extinction. Under the conditions tested, the influence of internal transport by convection on mass loss rate and time to extinction is minor. The assumption of constant volume appears to have a moderate influence on the mass loss rate and time to extinction. Variations of optical properties affect the numerical results by an increase of the maximum peak of mass loss rate and a decrease of time to extinction. Finally, the effects of applied heat flux and initial material thickness on the mass loss rate and time to extinction are important. With a higher heat flux or a smaller thickness, the decomposition is earlier, faster, and more intense.
Henrietta C. Mears: Evangelical Entrepreneur
Authors: Leyda Richard J.
Published: March 2018

As a practitioner of Christian education, Henrietta C. Mears had possibly the most far-reaching impact on the conduct of ministry of any woman of the 20th century. The scope of her work has extended worldwide and her influence continues today, two generations after her passing. One writer in Christianity Today (Zoba, 1996) called her “the grandmother of us all”, since her vision of the Christian life so greatly inspired the young people of her day who in turn passed this vision on to contemporary evangelicals. Touching virtually the whole range of potential Christian education ministry, Henrietta Mears provided a comprehensive and integrated model of religious education within the local church, the parachurch, and the Church around the world. Traditional areas of religious education such as program administration, curriculum, teaching, teacher training and leadership development, camping, and missions education each underwent innovations and change through her influence. Her life is a compelling study in Christ-like character, dependence on God, and the training of leaders for evangelism and ministry.
Renovating Christian Education in the 21st Century: A Wesleyan Contribution
Authors: Blevins Dean G.
Published: March 2018

Contemporary attempts to renovate evangelical Christian discipleship in the 21st century include efforts to resolve the relationship between modern Christian education paradigms and the rediscovery of ancient Christian (spiritual formation) practices. One example resides in the current research on Practicing our Faith (Bass, 1997), and in age-level emphases on formational practices beginning to surface (Jones, 2003). Additional studies are needed for comprehensive approaches to Christian education in the 21st century. Evangelical Christian educators seeking new paradigms may find another example closer to home in John Wesley's means of grace. Wesleyan educators may have something distinct to offer contemporary evangelicalism if they can first embrace their own heritage and work to develop an approach that embraces the three emphases of formation, discernment, and transformation. A beginning point may be a new text currently emerging from Wesleyan educators within the Church of the Nazarene that seeks to synthesize the best of modern and postmodern education under this rubric.
The Transformational Leadership of the Apostle Paul: A Contextual and Biblical Leadership for Contemporary Ministry
Authors: Cooper Michael
Published: March 2018

With the proclivity for using business theory to describe ministry leadership in evangelicalism, this paper suggests that we must still look to Scripture for a leader's characteristics. While seemingly anachronistic, Paul's leadership can be described in terms of being transactional-transformational as he served. As such, his relationship with Timothy shows that it is important for a leader to understand the necessity of relating well to Christ, doctrine, and others.
Attempting Valid Assessment of Spiritual Growth: A Survey of Christ-centered Living*
Authors: Hancock Thomas E. , Bufford Rodger K. , Lau Brad , Ninteman Neil
Published: March 2018

In an effort to document spiritual growth as an aspect of the mission of our university, we sought to implement sound assessment procedures so that students' specific spiritual needs might be identified. First, we evaluated our university's spirituality focus and potential matching assessments. No existing instrument completely fit our needs, so we coordinated in our community to create a survey of Christ-centered living rooted in evangelical beliefs. The assessment of 110 freshmen and 65 seminarians yielded high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, significant group differences, and concurrent validity. This work is a needed addition to the literature. More importantly, our methods, instrument, and recommendations could empower Christian educators to mentor students with a more precise knowledge of their spiritual needs.
“Education for Renovation” An Executive Summary of Dr. Dallas Willard's Presentations at the 2004 NAPCE Conference
Authors: Gangel Kenn
Published: March 2018

The following paragraphs contain a synthesis of Dr. Willard's lectures at the 2004 NAPCE convention in Orlando, October 21–23.I have edited and rearranged his words a bit but have not added my own thinking except in the response sections. For those who attended the convention, this may serve as a summary; for those who did not, it can augment the fine review articles published in the last issue of CEJ.
Anointed Teaching
Authors: Wilhoit James C. , Rozema Linda
Published: March 2018

Anointed teaching is based on a theologically grounded educational construct in which the anointing is not just an optional enrichment, but its defining mark. A literature review and scriptural framework are provided to encourage reflection in this neglected area of Christian Education. Anointed teaching is dependent upon the Holy Spirit's personal work in, upon, and among the participants and the entire educational process. The teacher's spiritual maturity is critical as they invite openness to the Holy Spirit and seek to cultivate the presence and power of His anointing. Practices, dispositions, outcomes that accompany anointed teaching are suggested.
Learning Styles Research: Understanding how Teaching Should be Impacted by the Way Learners Learn
Authors: Williamson Margaret F. , Watson Roberta L.
Published: March 2018

This article examines the important connections between how well students learn new information in response to the classroom environment and social interaction among learners and teachers. Educational research in the field of learning style theory has demonstrated significant improvement in learning achievement when students are taught according to their learning style. Professors and Christian educators can respond to the needs of their students' differing learning styles by incorporating various teaching methods in their classrooms. A biblical basis for incorporating learning style theory into the Christian education environment can be seen by briefly considering some ways in which Jesus demonstrated mastery of these instructional methods as He taught individuals, small groups, and large crowds.
Fostering Community and a Culture of Learning in Seminary Classrooms: A Personal Journey
Authors: Siew Yau-Man
Published: March 2018

While a syllabus can helpfully outline the various topics and expectations for a course (“explicit” curriculum), it is increasingly realized that all learning is framed by an “implicit” curriculum. These “implicit” values and convictions about pedagogy that instructors (and students) bring to the classroom greatly influence the quality of learning, but they are often unexamined or unexpressed. Effective learning happens when these values are shared, explored and critiqued in the class. In this essay, the author provides practical ideas and suggestions to explore the pedagogical values of instructors and students. His goal is to deepen the learning experience through fostering community and a culture of learning in the classroom.
The New Global System: Lessons for Institutions of Christian Higher Education
Authors: Starcher Richard L.
Published: March 2018

Pervasive globalization and perennial separatism are the two paradoxical trends characterizing our planet today. Four dominant forces appear to be driving globalization: (a) mobility of capital, people, and ideas; (b) simultaneity—the rapid decline of the time lag between the introduction of a product or service and its adoption almost everywhere; (c) bypass—cross-border competition resulting in multiple choices for the consumer; and (d) pluralism—multiple centers of expertise and influence. These same forces are transforming Christian higher education's macro-environment. To avoid marginalization, institutions of Christian higher education must adapt. Adaptability to the new global environment requires accessibility, flexibility, relevance, and creativity.
Interactive Learning in a Multicultural Setting
Authors: Beck Cathy A. , Campbell Marla
Published: March 2018

Learning occurs in a cultural context. In the 1950s, educators and anthropologists started to evaluate educational systems within their cultural context. Educator David Kolb (1984) proposed a theory of experiential learning based on structures of social knowledge and preferred learning styles. Anthropologist Sherwood Lingenfelter (1996) modified a model based on grid and group to evaluate different institutions within society. This study used both Kolb's and Lingenfelter's models to evaluate a multicultural ministry in North America and its informal educational program. Since both models identify variables that underlie all societies, correlations were found between the two models. Implications for Christian education were identified.
The Effect of Philipp Melanchthon's Separation of Philosophy and Theology: Lutheran Educational Reforms in Context of Contemporary Catholic Educators
Authors: Wingerd Zachary
Published: March 2018

Although both Catholics and Protestants alike have condemned Philipp Melanchthon for theological views, many have praised his educational reforms. The following is a study of the development of Melanchthon's educational theories in light of his theological views in order to reveal how he understood natural reason and divine revelation to cooperate. The study also places Melanchthon in context by comparing him to contemporary Catholic educators. Melanchthon did not solely attach himself to either secular philosophy or sacred theology but found a synergistic balance that allowed him to systematize not only theological doctrine but also humanist education.
Promoting Spiritual Formation in Distance Education
Authors: White Roger
Published: March 2018

For many in Christian higher education, modeling Christ-likeness in the classroom is considered a primary means and evidence of integrating faith and learning. But when the face-to-face relational dimension is removed in an Internet-based course, how will Christian distinctives be realized? This paper considers issues related to personally connecting with students in online course environments and facilitating faith development by promoting the affective and relational dimensions of distance education instruction. Although Christ and computer at first seem incompatible, spiritual formation can be nurtured in distance education through the creative ways in which faculty and students interact.
Learning Styles Research: Understanding how Teaching Should be Impacted by the Way Learners Learn Part II: Understanding how Learners Prefer to Receive Information
Authors: Williamson Margaret F. , Watson Roberta L.
Published: March 2018

Over the years, educators have asked questions about how people learn. This article is the second in a series of three that provide updated information on the impact of learning styles on learners. In addition, learning style assessments for each of the theories will also be discussed.
Lessons for Effective Christian Education in Golmo: An African Traditional Approach to Teaching and Learning
Authors: Ango Samuel Peni
Published: March 2018

In Africa, there is a wide gap between the faith claims of many people who attend church and their lifestyles. Moreover, there is little reflection of the African perspective in the few writings on Christian education that exist in Africa. This paper proposes that an examination of African traditional approaches to education will afford Christian education a means of becoming more effective, especially in Africa. Lessons are drawn for this purpose from golmo, an educational procedure among the Lelna of Kebbi State in Nigeria.
Biblical Narratives and Life Transformation: An Apology for the Narrative Teaching of Bible Stories
Authors: Corcoran Henry A.
Published: March 2018

In this essay, I contend that the purposeful teaching of biblical narratives directed toward life transformations ought to become an intentional activity for teachers of the Word. To support my contention, I will review how some people have used biblical narrative materials to re-story their lives. I also offer a discussion of transitional periods in the life cycle when people might seek new narrative materials for transformation. Further, I discuss how the church may embody biblical narratives and transmit their meanings. Finally, in order to help teachers of the Word to understand how to serve such seekers, I will offer practical application ideas.
Christian Education: A Field in Motion Mapping Christian Education Preparation Programs Summary Report a Collaborative Research Effort
Authors: Lawson Kevin E.
Published: March 2018

A summary report on the first phase of a study of Christian Education preparation programs in Bible Colleges, Christian Liberal Arts Colleges, Seminaries, and Graduate Schools in North America. This report examines the number, purposes, names, and requirements of these programs and what they are equipping students to do upon graduation.
Interpreting the Bible as Literature: Historical and Contemporary Contexts with Implications for Christian Education
Authors: Sommers Janet B.
Published: March 2018

Over the past 30 years, literary approaches to biblical interpretation have gained precedence in many religious and literary circles. However, confusion often exists regarding what “interpreting the Bible as literature” actually means. This article explores the multifaceted nature and significance of this methodology from the Middle Ages through the mid-20th century and then focuses on trends in contemporary hermeneutics by outlining three distinct literary approaches. The article concludes by providing for Christian educators some implications of and practical recommendations for applying this methodology in practice and ministry.
“The Spirit of Children Past”: A Century of Children's Spirituality Research
Authors: Ratcliff Donald
Published: March 2018

Children's spirituality has roots in more than a century of research conducted around the world. An overview of some of this research is provided, reflecting four phases that emerged over time, each with its distinctive emphasis. Tracing children's religious and faith development research through holistic periods, declining interest, cognitive phases, and the recent spiritual emphasis lends a textured understanding to current research and generates stimulating possibilities for the future.
Forbid Not the Little Ones: The Spirituality of Children in the Celtic Christian Tradition
Authors: Crabtree Mara Lief
Published: March 2018

Rather than forbidding the participation of children in various spiritual life practices and pursuits, the Christian Celts were careful to encourage and nurture the spiritual gifts of their children. Celtic Christian beliefs and practices regarding children's spirituality yield perceptive insights into the contemporary nurture of children and the spiritual wholeness of families and communities. Studying the spirituality of children in the context of this unique Christian tradition offers relevant implications for understanding the spiritual, emotional, and relational formation of today's children.
Documenting Children's Spiritual Development in a Preschool Program
Authors: Helm Judy Harris , Berg Stacy , Scranton Pam
Published: March 2018

The teachers of Northminster Learning Center, a faith-based early childhood education program, are adept at documenting and sharing children's learning. They photograph children involved in Godly Play and religious activities, record what children say and do, and engage children in conversation about spiritual issues. When they combined a study group on children's spirituality with increased documentation they were surprised at the depth of children's thoughts. A documentation display of what they learned not only communicated how Christian formation occurs in the program but also significantly changed viewers ideas about the importance of spirituality in the early years.
Voices Unheard: Exploring the Spiritual Needs of Families of Children with Disabilities
Authors: Breeding Malesa , Hood Dana
Published: March 2018

Many church members believe that churches are places of support and acceptance to all families. Most would be surprised to find that families of children with disabilities have difficulty establishing and maintaining church relationships. As a general rule, faith communities struggle in their response to this growing population. This article addresses the spiritual implications for families of children with disabilities and how faith communities can provide support to them.
Teaching Bible for Transformation
Authors: Smallbones Jackie L.
Published: March 2018

The fact that the Bible transforms lives, or rather, the engagement with scripture transforms lives, begs the question: How? This article addresses this question by first considering two prior questions: For whom was the Bible written? Why was the Bible written? How we answer these two questions will influence what we believe about, and therefore how we teach the Bible for transformation.

To the first question, I suggest the Bible was written for an elect community, the people of God and therefore how it transforms will have something to do with that community, more particularly, where we teach the Bible. To the second question, I suggest that the Bible was written to make God known. Most of the rest of the article addresses what this means and how we can teach in ways where God is known in loving, experiential and obedient relationships. Therefore, the article concludes, not with a method for teaching, but with suggestions for teaching to encounter the Living God.
Childlikeness: An Essential for Disciples
Authors: Leyda Richard J.
Published: March 2018

Jesus, in his teaching from the Gospels, conveys important truths about children and their value, yet sometimes alludes to them in a figurative way to illustrate important truths about the kingdom and challenge adults to faith and spiritual growth. In a few key passages—this study will primarily focus on those from Matthew—the child is held up in Jesus’ teaching as a radical new model for understanding God and the kingdom of heaven. An understanding of children and child-likeness appears to be more important in a basic understanding of the gospel and the way of the disciple than those of Jesus’ day—as well as many in the current day—have conceived. These truths have important implications for changing Christian education ministry to both children and adults.
The Spirituality of Nine-Year-Olds, and Why It's Important for Christian Education
Authors: Guyette Fred
Published: March 2018

The “Notes Section” of the Christian Education Journal provides an opportunity for people in the field of Christian education to provide responses to articles in previous issues of the journal and to share more personal reflective articles that provide stimulating ideas for readers to think about.
Stopping the Dropouts: Guiding Adolescents toward a Lasting Faith following High School Graduation
Authors: Black Wesley
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of religion and faith in the lives of recent high school graduates and to seek better ways to prepare teenagers for faithful participation in church and religious life beyond the youth years. Finding answers to why youth drop out following high school graduation has been a persistent problem for youth and young adult leaders, church leaders, and parents for some time. Quantitative surveys were completed by 1,362 young adults aged 18–30. Qualitative group interviews were conducted with 24 groups (n=178) including both active and non-active young adults, exploring factors involved in lifestyle, relationships, and religious participation. Active church attendance was defined as attending two or more times per month. Results indicated four domains that influenced young adult dropouts: relationships, discipleship and spiritual depth, family influence, and intergenerational influence.