bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frank Jackson on Mind, Language, and Morality
Authors: Joaquin Jeremiah Joven
Published: January 2022

Frank Jackson's views on the nature of mind and consciousness, on language and representation, and on the grounds of morality have set the agenda for many professional academic philosophers today. In the philosophy of mind, his 'what Mary didn't know' argument provides one of the clearest
formulations of the knowledge argument against physicalism — the view that everything, even our consciousness, could be explained in physical terms. In the philosophy of language, he revived a kind of description view of language where words are our main source of information about the
world. Finally, in metaethics, he puts forward the realist view of moral functionalism — the view that moral properties not only supervene on descriptive, natural properties, they are also identical with them. This interview provides a bird's eye view of his philosophical background,
his style in doing philosophy, his main ideas on mind, language, and morality, and his thoughts on the career of an academic philosopher.
UJI PALATABILITAS FODDER JAGUNG (Zea mays) HIDROPONIK PADA TERNAK DOMBA EKOR GEMUK
Authors: Nunur Nunur Nuraeni , Qohar Adi Fathul
Published: January 2022

Fodder merupakan pakan ternak yang sengaja diberikan karena keterbatasan lahan hijauan. Fodder jagung (Zea mays) hidroponik kaya akan zat nutrisi yang berguna bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan ternak ruminansia. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui uji palatabilitas dari fodder jagung (Zea mays) hidroponik pada ternak domba ekor gemuk. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kelompok tani ternak sumber rejeki, Kecamatan Klirong, Kabupaten Kebumen pada tanggal 1 Januari sampai 28 Febuari 2021. Rancangan penelitian adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan pola searah, dengan menggunakan 4 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (penambahan POC 0 gram/ 2L air), P1 (penambahan POC 30 gram/ 2L air), P2 (penambahan POC 60 gram/2L air), P3 (penambahan POC 90 gram/ 2L air). Variabel respon palatabilitas yang diukur meliputi waktu merenggut (detik), jumlah konsumsi (gram) dan waktu konsumsi (menit). Data yang diperoleh dilakukan analisis variansi (ANOVA), apabila perlakuan berpengaruh nyata akan dilanjutkan uji BNJ.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan penambahan POC pada fodder jagung yang diberikan pada ternak domba ekor gemuk tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0.05) terhadap respon palatabilitas. Rataan waktu merenggut pakan 0,64-16,99 detik, sedangkan waktu konsumsi sebesar 15 menit setiap 100 gram pakan yang diberikan.
Teacher and Student Experiences in Online Classes During COVID-19 Pandemic in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia
Authors: Dautbašić Amila , Bećirović Senad
Published: January 2022

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID pandemic, which caused interruptions and delays in many activities, but most importantly, it led to some huge changes in education. Online teaching will prove to be the most commonly used method that should compensate for the inability to work in the classroom and allow the educational process to continue. Of course, this teaching method was not created in 2020, but it was only presented and implemented in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia with the beginning of the pandemic. In this paper, we see how these countries have faced abrupt changes in teaching, and how this change has affected students. Online teaching cannot be a mere transfer of analog content to digital; a different approach is needed in the implementation of teaching as required and offered by the digital medium, but at the same time it is necessary to preserve the basic principles of the lecturer and the curriculum. It is a call, both for teachers and students. Since this is a current and universal problem, we hope that the conclusions presented are useful.
Linguistic Similarity and Difference between Urdu and Hindi
Authors: Bano Saira , Adil Faizan
Published: January 2022

اردو اور ہندی کا لسانی اشتراک و افتراق

Initially was only language used to express human ideas. In every age, along with customs and traditions, language also went through stages of evaluation. That is why language of each region is unique. This uniqueness of languages is of its identity. Like human beings, languages also have their own families, and different languages grow as sub- branches of language family. They flourish and sometimes thrive and come to life through process of evolution. When some languages die out. Urdu and Hindi also belong to large languages families. They have a deep relationship. And speaking of same relationship, some tinkers do not separate them from each other. When it sometimes thinkers, there is difference between in the two. At a glance, we will mention the linguistic similarities and difference between Urdu and Hindi. Where are places and where there is difference between them, but all of them are mentioned here.
The Great Poet of Today’s Kafi: Afzal Hussain Gilani
Authors: Fatma Zaitoon , Imtiaz Saadia
Published: January 2022

اجوکی   کافی دا وَڈا  شاعر:افضال حسین گیلانی

Kafi is a genre of Poetry that is found in the poetry of Sufis. It contains accessories such as Naat, Manqabat, and Qasida where the state of distance and the pleasure of connection are maintained. Kafi began with Shah Hussain and many Sufi poets experimented with it. One of them is Syed Afzal Hussain Gilani who has described Kafi as a classical tradition as well as a contemporary one. This article discusses Syed Afzal Hussain Gilani's Kafies.
Feminine Consciousness in Imran Iqbal's Fiction Writing
Authors: Irshad Saira , Naeem Madiha
Published: January 2022

عمران اقبال کی افسانہ نگاری میں تانیثی شعور

Imran Iqbal's name is prominent in Urdu fiction. He is from Bahawalpur but he is residing in the United States for employment. Imran Iqbal tried his hand at travelogues, fiction, novels and memoirs. He has made women and her issues the subject of his fictions. Imran Iqbal has presented a true picture of a woman who at every step faces various forms of male repressive behavior, outdated customs, husband and father-in-law atrocities, domestic violence and sexual harassment. Her fiction depicts women's psychological problems, the sexual appetites of landlords, capitalists, bureaucrats and top officials. Imran Iqbal has awakened Tanila consciousness through his pen.
An Analytical Study of Method & Style of Seerat Rasool-e-Arabi
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Mudassar Shafique Muhammad
Published: January 2022

سیرت رسول عربی ﷺ(از نور بخش توکلی)کے منہج و اسلوب کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The topic of ‘Sacred role (Seerat)’ with the affinity of the Rasool (saw) having significance, status and vast acceptance is undoubtedly beyond expression. If we make analysis of a religious literature, we find most of its part consisting on such topics that are directly affiliated with the silent features of the personality of the Rasool (saw). In storehouse of knowledge and architecture of the world ‘Art of Sacred role’ has attained its prominent supremacy. The beginning of this art was based on the details of Ghazwat in Islam but with the passage of time, it was enlarged in such a way that a great piece of literary work on ‘Sacred role’ has been pin pointed in sub-continent. Many literate of persona put forth their pens on this topic out of whom Noor Bakhsh Tawakli is also the most famous name who wrote a with title of “Seerat Rasool-e-Arabi” on the personality of Rasool. The expression of the affection and following of the Rasool (saw) by Noor Bakhsh Tawakli is expressed by the leaves of this book. He is best known for his popular for this book which has its own status in this field. He wrote the book in the era during which the western civilization had strangled the youth of that time. Materialism was in its climax. A great piece of strife was being made to disintegrate the true bond of affection and following of the Rasool (saw) but the profundity of learning, recognition of knowledge, strict eye on the present condition of that time and the salient factors of love of the Rasool (saw) were quite dominant in this book. The leaves of which were enriched with the florescence of love and affection of Rasool(saw).
Secondary School Teachers’ Attitude Toward Teaching English as a Second Language: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bilal Ahmad Muhammad , Qasim Ali Muhammad , Zainab Naveed
Published: January 2022

The study explores the comparative analysis of secondary school teachers’ attitude toward teaching English as a second language. The major objective of the study was; to find out secondary school teachers’ attitude toward teaching English related to different demographics. The researcher used quantitative research method that was descriptive in nature. The population of the study comprised all the male and female teachers at Secondary level in province of Punjab, Pakistan. The researchers selected the secondary school teachers in districts: Lahore, Multan, Sialkot and Vehari as the sample of the study. Questionnaire was used as a research tool for the study. The researchers distributed the questionnaire among the respondents of the study and collected data. For data analysis, researcher used the statistical techniques of mean score, t-test and ANOVA. The findings of the study informed that difference in mean scores of male and female teachers was not significant, t-value = -.075, p=.634>0.05. It was found that there was a significant difference in teachers’ attitude towards teaching English as second language having professional qualification of B.Ed. and M.Ed. at secondary school level, t-value = .521, p=.047<0.05. It was concluded that male and female respondents have almost same type of attitude of teaching English as second language.
CORPORATIONS AS WHISTLEBLOWERS IN THE CRIME OF DEFAMATION BASED ON THE ELECTRONIC AND TRANSACTION INFORMATION ACT
Authors: Setiawan Guntik Dwikarunia , Gede Pradnya Yustiawan Dewa
Published: January 2022

The purpose of writing this article is to find out whether the corporation can be a reporting party in the criminal act of defamation under the ITE Law. The methods performed in writing this article are normative legal research methods that use a type of statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study showed that the regulation of defamation crimes stipulated in the Criminal Code and ITE Law, corporations cannot be the reporting party in the criminal act of defamation under the ITE Law because based on letter a guidelines for the implementation of Article 27 Paragraph (3) of SkB No. 2/VI/2021 on guidelines for the implementation of the ITE Law stipulate that the understanding of the content of insults and / or defamation must refer to the provisions of Article 310 and 311 of the Criminal Code in addition to letter f The implementation guidelines of Article 27 Paragraph (3) of the ITE Law stipulates that victims who can become whistleblowers are only individuals with a specific identity so that corporations cannot be reporting parties under the ITE Law. Corporations cannot be the reporting party should be included in the article explanation to be binding in an arrangement because the nature of the DECREE containing implementation guidelines is only binding on law enforcement only.
Kostenki 17 (Spitsynskaya): New Data on the Stratigraphy, Chronology and Conditions of the Occurrence of the Cultural Layers
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bessudnov Alexander , Sinitsyn Andrei ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dinnis Robert ,   University of Aberdeen, Artuyshenko Alexei ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lada Anton ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Stepanova Kseniya ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Saint Petersburg State University, Maluytina Anna ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bessudnova Marina ,   Middle school no. 123, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Petrova Ekaterina ,   Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Douka Katerina ,   Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Published: January 2022

This paper describes the results of 2017—2020 fieldwork at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Kostenki 17 (Spitsynskaya). This work established the presence of five new horizons of finds, in addition to the two cultural layers known since the 1950s. Given the thickness of the Upper Humic Bed, it is clear that the horizons of finds are separated by sterile layers, and correspond to the existence of different sites on this part of the promontory. Despite the small number of finds, the contents of each horizon differ in both the composition of faunal remains and lithic artefacts, as well as raw materials, state of preservation and degree of weathering. The investigated area of the lower (second) cultural layer demonstrates a complex nature of the post-deposition processes that influenced its preservation. A sharp slope of the Lower Humic Bed and a significant difference in the depth of the finds indicate a partial displacement along the slope of some sections of the cultural layer, which was not recorded in previous excavations. The present publication includes a stratigraphic characterization of deposits, a description of the occurrence of the cultural layers and horizons of finds, preliminary results of a technical and typological study of new collections of stone tools and ornaments from cultural layer II, and the results of radiocarbon dating.
Chronology and Cultural Attribution of the Earliest Upper Palaeolithic Bone Needles of Siberia
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fedorchenko Alexander , Belousova Natalia ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The technologies of sewing complex forms of clothing with the use of awls, borers, and miniature eyed needles played an essential role in human adaptation to harsh environments of the Late Pleistocene Northern Eurasia. Classic eyed bone needles were widely distributed during the second half of MIS 3 from Western Europe to East Asia. Questions of where and when tools of this type, as well as other functionally related instruments, arise are the subject of discussions. The collections of the Initial and Early Upper Paleolithic sites of Siberia are of crucial importance in the discussion of this problem. In this study, based on the analysis of various published and archival sources, the authors update and systematize data on the chronology, cultural and technological contexts of the earliest bone needles of the Siberian region. The amount of archaeological and natural science data accumulated to date, the results of the latest interdisciplinary investigations significantly clarify the cultural and chronological attribution of many unique items. Based on broad interregional comparisons, the authors discuss the relationship between the spread of different types of sewing tools, on one hand, and the migrations of Palaeolithic communities, on the other.
Complex Study of a Personal Ornament Made on a Marmot Incisor from the Early Holocene Complex of Kaminnaya Cave (Russian Altai)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolobova Kseniya , Zotkina Lidia ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Markin Sergey ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vasilev Sergey ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chistyakov Pavel ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bocharova Ekaterina ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kharevich Alena ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The article presents the oldest evidence of non- utilitarian use of marmot incisors in North Asia. The ornamented marmot incisor comes from the Early Holocene layer of the Kaminnaya Cave. The artifact was studied by methods of high precision three-dimensional modeling, experiment and traceological analysis. In order to obtain detailed information on the morphological characteristics of the artificial relief, a high-precision three-dimensional scanner of structured light and a three-dimensional surface profiler were used to analyze and compare the features of artificial modification on the surfaces of both the prehistoric artifact and its experimental replicas. As a result, the method of modification was reconstructed, and the non-utilitarian function of the object was identified. The concluding part of the article touches upon the interaction between marmots and man in the Pleistocene and Holocene of the Altai Mountains, with special attention paid to their use in the Holocene funeral practices.
Petrographic and Elemental Analysis of Pottery from the Hlyboke Ozero-2 Settlement (the First Archaeometric Data)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Korokhina Anastasiia , Belskyi Volodymyr ,   M. P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation
Published: January 2022

The paper highlights the first results of compositional (raw materials and technological) investigation of ceramic pastes from the Hlyboke Ozero–2 settlement of the Late Timber-Grave Culture — Post-Timber Grave Culture type in the middle flow of the Siverskyi Donets river. Petrographic analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy have been applied. This allowed to characterize traditions of ceramic pastes preparation within the site and to start developing the database of petrographic and chemical composition of the Late Bronze Age ceramics of the studied region. Obtained petrographic data (allocation of two petrogroups) have been confirmed by elemental analysis of clay matrix. Elemental analysis showed chemical and mineralogical similarity of the samples of the two first layers of the site and allowed to provide distinction of the third layer samples. Supposedly, this could be explained by the change of the place of raw clay procurement on that stage.
The Dating and Historical Context around the Logboat Exhibited at the State Historical Museum, Based on the Integrated Studies
Authors:   State Historical Museum, Moscow, Gak Evgenii , Kashina Ekaterina ,   State Historical Museum, Moscow, Davydov Denis ,   LLC “Metropolitan archaeological Bureau”, Skorobogatov Andrei ,   Terra Ltd, Eltsov Maxim ,   Institute of physicochemical and biological problems in soil science of the Russian Academy of Science
Published: January 2022

Since 1956, the logboat was exhibited at the State Historical Museum in Red Square in Moscow. It had been discovered two years before in the floodplain of the right bank of the River Don near the village of Schuchye, Voronezh Region, Russia. It was hypothetically attributed to the end of the Neolithic — the beginning of the Bronze Age. The paper presents an integrated study, the purpose and result of which were to establish the chronology, the cultural identity and the possible functions of the Schuchye logboat. Radiocarbon dates from the wood samples are published for the first time and show the logboat age within the range of 1800—1700 BC. It was the period of the Timber Grave (Srubnaya) culture of the Late Bronze Age. The obtained 14C dates are discussed within the historical and geographical background. The archaeological sites in the area of the logboat find were re-analyzed basing on old and recent data, and the paleo-ecological context was reconstructed. The probable ways of the Schuchye logboat use were proposed basing on its dimensions, design, displacement calculation, carrying capacity, and considering the nomadic pastoralism of the Srubnaya culture people in the forest-steppe zone. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that the Schuchye logboat could serve for the local inter-tribal communication and the wide application range, including the transportation of heavy loads, people and livestock. Now it is the most ancient logboat found in the Southern part of East Europe and the only one that can be reasonably associated with the Bronze Age nomads.
African Stories about Snake-Man: an experience of intertextual approach
Authors:   Independent researcher, Behr-Glinka Andrei
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes plot forms of African tales related to the concept of snake-man and his function as a marriage partner. The author uses the intertextual approach, which allowed placing texts of fairy tales in interethnic cultural context, as well as the interdisciplinary approach (i.e. a combination of folklore and ethnographic material from Sub-Saharan Africa). These approaches allow tracing the geographical distribution of the studied plots on the continent, as well as to understand the semantics of individual fairy tales motifs, which are completely divorced from their cultural context in parallel plots of Eurasian folklore, where they exist within the framework of the “fairy tale” genre. The paper demonstrates existence of a close connection between tales and myths, ritual complexes, practices of initiations and social institutions, which make up a single semantic field, individual aspects of which exist in close interconnection.
On the Artificial Deformation of Skulls of Steppe Cultures of the Bronze Age
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazarnitsky Aleksey ,   Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kapinus Julia ,   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Grigoryev Artem ,   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education
Published: January 2022

Artificial cranial deformation is known among the steppe Bronze Age population. This tradition again pervaded in the steppes of Eastern Europe burials in the first centuries AD after thousands of years. The authors investigate the sagittal contours of deformed skulls using geometric morphometric methods. The skulls from sites located in the Northwest Caspian dated by the Early and Middle Bronze Age have been analysed. In addition, the authors investigated deformed skulls from the northeastern periphery of the Catacomb culture (the Bronze Age) and from the Late Sarmatian sites (Late Antiquity). It has been established that low variation of the occipital-parietal cranial flattening had characterized population of the Yamnaya, Yamnaya-Catacomb and Early Catacomb cultures of the Northwest Caspian. Other type of cranial deformation, more variable, occurred among the population of Vostochnomanychskaya Catacomb culture: neurocranium was increased in height and reduced in length. This tradition was widespread on the southern territories of the Catacomb cultural historical community, it was also observed in its northeastern periphery, but less often and not quite the same. A comparison showed distinct differences between the sagittal contours of the deformed skulls of the Catacomb and Late Sarmatian cultures.
The Concept of Cultural Landscape in Retrospective of the Late Prehistoric Era (by materials of Late Bronze Age of the Southern Urals)
Authors:   Orenburg Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tkachev Vitaly
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to testing the possibilities of the concept of Cultural Landscape for analyzing the spatial organization and character of archaeological sites of the Late Bronze Age (II Millennium BC) in the Southern Urals and Mugodzhary. Application of Landscape Archaeology approach helped to establish that there is a high degree of correlation between the areas of the natural and Cultural Landscapes of the Sintashta culture and local options of the Alakul culture with distinct physiographic units of the Syrt-Pre-Ural, Pre-South Urals and Mugodzhary areas on the southern flank of the Ural mountainand-valley country. The Sintashta and early Alakul (Petrovsky) fortified settlements are interpreted as wintering grounds of steppe pastoralists. It is proposed to reconstruct the model of exploitation of summer pastures and copper mines by the population of the late Bronze Age in the steppe and mountain-steppe geosystems of the Southern Urals and Mugodzhary. The management system was based on a harmonious combination of mobile cattle breeding with a subsidiary role of hunting and gathering and mining and metallurgical production, including trade and exchange activities related to metal traffic. The effectiveness of this model was ensured by the coincidence of economic and production technological cycles.
Application of The Theory of Essentialism Philosophy Problems in Mathematics Literacy for Junior High School Students
Authors: Krisni Suhardiyani  , Laila Fitriana
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to find out what are the mathematics literacy problems of SMP N 2 Surakarta students and find out how to apply essentialism theory to these problems. This research uses qualitative research methods and literature study. Data collection using task-based interviews. Data collection in this study was carried out in class 9E of SMP Negeri 2 Surakarta. Subjects were taken randomly (simple random sampling) from as many as two students. The conclusions of this research are: (1) levels 1 and 2 partially fulfill and level 3 does not meet, the cause of the problem from not achieving mathematical literacy levels 1 to 3, namely, teachers are limited in delivering material and students cannot receive maximum understanding of the material, learning only one direction from the teacher, there are still students who do not have an awareness of responsibility for learning obligations and learning motivation is still low, the teacher does not provide an understanding of the concept, but directly give formulas and calculations, and teachers rarely give story questions to students; (2) with the application of essentialism theory in mathematical literacy problems, several things can be done, namely: first, the use of learning strategies to attract students' interest in reading and writing; second, improve the quality and equity of education; third, the government needs to prioritize teaching basic skills such as reading, writing, and mathematics; fourth, the application of ethnomathematics-based learning; fifth, education should synergize the three intelligences (IQ, EQ, SQ) in the learning process.
Malrotation of Small Bowel with Midgut Volvulus in a COVID-19 Positive Young Male: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Pal Ajay Kumar , Karnik Amit , Maria Agastya , Kumar Awanish , Pahwa Harvinder Singh
Published: January 2022

Malrotation of small bowel with midgut volvulus has a very low incidence of 0.2% in adults. Symptomatic malrotation in neonates occur in one in 6000 live births. The normal 270 degrees counter-clockwise gut rotation around the axis of superior mesenteric artery is absent in such cases. A 20-year-old male presented with intermittent colicky abdominal pain since four to five months, post-prandial bilious vomiting since one week and obstipation since two days. He also had difficulty breathing since two days. Abdominal examination revealed vague lump in right lower abdomen with no signs of peritonitis. Radiological investigations Ultrasonography (USG) and Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) abdomen demonstrated over distended stomach with dilated D1 and D2 showing changes in relation to superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein with rotation of mesentery in whirlpool pattern. His Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Test (RT-PCR) was positive for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Conservative trial for two days was followed by surgical exploration which revealed gut malrotation with mid-gut volvulus. Ladd’s procedure was performed. Malrotation with midgut volvulus is an acute surgical emergency that demands high index of suspicion in an adult. Associated COVID-19 pneumonia can increase mortality. Patient was followed-up after three weeks with fruitful results, proving that an early diagnosis and definitive surgical correction of malrotation with midgut volvulus is essential.
Layered Closure Versus Retention Closure Technique for the Abdominal Wall in Midline Laparotomy: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Murugan Arumugam , Karthik Manoj , Nilakantan Ananthakrishnan
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Midline laparotomy wound is closed in layers co-opting the various layers separately from historical times; however various methods of closure had come into vogue in the recent years. One such is the single layer mass closure technique, in which all the layers of the abdominal wall are closed in single layer, except for the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Yet another method described is the retention closure technique incorporating all layers including skin and subcutaneous tissue are closed in a single layer. Aim: To compare the postoperative wound complications in layered closure with retention closure technique in midline laparotomy. Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal cohort study done on 57 consecutive patients who underwent midline laparotomy on an elective or emergency basis over a 12 months period from January 2014 to January 2015 in the Department of General Surgery at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India. They were divided in to two groups depending on the closure type, layered closure (Group A) and retention closure (Group B) depending on the operating surgeon: retention closure was done in a single surgical unit and layered closure was done in rest of the respective units. Patients were followed-up meticulously and immediate postoperative complications were recorded up to four weeks. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 19.0 (IBM SPSS, US) software with regression modules installed. Chi-square test and t-test were used to analyse the data. Results: In Group A there was 30 patients while in Group B there were 27 patients. In layered closure technique out 30 patients 12 (40%) patients developed wound infection, 1 (3.3%) patient developed partial dehiscence, and 2 (6.6%) patients developed complete dehiscence. In retention closure technique out of 27 patients only 5 (18.5%) patients developed wound infection, 3 (11%) patients developed partial dehiscence and none of them had complete dehiscence in this group. There was significant association between wound complications and patients with uraemia and hypoalbuminemia. Out of 12 uremic patients 8 (66%) developed wound infection (p-value=0.002), 2 (16.7%) patients developed partial dehiscence and 2 (16.7%) patients developed complete dehiscence (p-value=0.06). In patients who had hypoalbuminemia, out of seven patients, 5 (71.4%) patients had wound infection and 2 (28.6%) patients did not have wound infection (p-value=0.01). Four (57.1%) patients had partial dehiscence and 2 (28.6%) had complete dehiscence only 1 (14.3%) patient did not have any dehiscence (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: Retention closure has some advantages over layered closure in preventing wound infections and burst abdomen. Various risk factors are associated with postoperative wound complications, among which hypoalbuminemia and uraemia have a strong association.
Extraosseous Aneurysmal Bone Cyst at Hypothenar Area in an Adult Male- A Case Report
Authors: Shah Sheerin , Narang Vikram , Mittal Rajinder K , Garg Ramneesh , Kaur Amandeep
Published: January 2022

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) is a benign tumour of bone which develops most frequently in the metaphysis of long bones and the posterior elements of vertebral bodies. The ABC generally occurs during the first two decades of life and has a slight predilection for the female sex. Radiographically, ABC is usually eccentric, lytic and expansile with well defined margins. Soft tissue or extra osseous ABC is extremely rare in occurrence, with only few case reports found in literature. Extraosseous ABC is usually found in soft tissues of lower limb and arm. Its occurrence in soft tissue of hands is extremely rare. Hereby, authors reported a case of a 30-year-old male patient who had swelling of approximately 9×6 cm in hypothenar area of left hand starting proximally from the wrist crease and extending distally till distal palmar crease and from the ulnar border of the palm till the mid palmer area. Authors described this case to highlight this entity, at an uncommon location (hypothenar area of palm) and importance of excisional biopsy in such cases.
Surgical Outcome in Posterior Fossa Tumours- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Abu Shaji Urambath , Gopalan Ranjith Chittikappil , Louis Rony , Kollannur Lijo John
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Posterior fossa tumours are the most common solid tumours in children, while 15 to 20% of adult brain tumour occurs in posterior fossa. Aim: To determine the surgical outcome of posterior fossa tumours. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 63 patients from all age groups who underwent surgery for posterior fossa tumours in Department of Neurosurgery at Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India, during March 2015 to February 2020 were included. Surgical outcome in terms of clinical improvement which includes Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), presence or absence of new cranial nerve involvement and radiological assessment of extent of excision was noted with Computed Tomography (CT) scan. Complications which occurred during perioperative period till discharge were noted. Data was presented in terms of frequency and percentages. Statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used to analyse data. Results: The mean age was 41.86±21.75 years. A total of 34 (54%) were females and 29 (46%) were males. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leak and pseudomeningocele was the most common complication observed. It was noted in 16 (25.39%) patients. Excellent outcome was noted in 8 patients (12.69%), good outcome in 36 (57.14%) patients, acceptable outcome in 15 (23.80%) patients and poor outcome in 4 patients (6.35%). It was observed that 72.22% (26) extra-axial tumours had excellent to good outcome while only 66.66% (18) intra-axial tumours had excellent to good outcome. Conclusion: Surgical outcome in posterior fossa tumours was better in extra-axial tumours. Even with so many technical and surgical advances posterior fossa tumour surgery still carry morbidity.
Overview on Disorders of Oral Pigmentation
Authors: Shaheen Rakan Saifuddin , Habash Abdulrahman Kamal , Basoudan Firas Walid , Alwayel Hassan Adnan , Alarfaj Bassam Walid , Alwayel Ali Naji , Alaithan Jafar Ali , Al Gharbi Abdullah Hamoud , Aldayel Abdulrahman , Albaqshi Mohammed Jawad
Published: January 2022

Oral pigmentation is a very frequent disorder that can affect any area of the mouth. Oral pigmentation can be a symptom of a physiologic or pathologic condition. There are a variety of reasons, ranging from basic iatrogenic processes like dental amalgam implantation to sophisticated medical illnesses like Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and Addison disease. pathologic pigmentation can be classed as exogenous or endogenous. Drugs, tobacco/smoking, amalgam tattoos, or heavy metals can all cause exogenous pigmentation. Endogenous pigmentation is linked to endocrine abnormalities, syndromes, infections, chronic irritation, and reactive or neoplastic conditions. For any oral pigmented lesion that is not easily identified, clinicians must physically evaluate the oral cavity, gather clinical histories, and be willing to do a biopsy. Management depends on the causing factor of the oral pigmentation disorder and thus multiple approaches can be considered. The decisive therapy for early-stage melanoma is surgery, such as broad local excision with sentinel lymph node biopsies, elective node dissection, or both.
Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Usage of Interdental Aids among Dental Professionals
Authors: Genji Lasya , Jeevitha M. , Preetha S. , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: January 2022

Aim: To evaluate knowledge, awareness and practice of usage of interdental aids among dental professionals.

Introduction: Dental caries and periodontal diseases, the two most common oral diseases, are mainly avoidable by professional and self-care activities. Dentists’ knowledge and people's attitude on oral hygiene maintenance have a key role in the prevention of oral diseases.

Study Design: This was a survey conducted in an online forum. It was a questionnaire based survey.

Methodology: A set of 10 questions to assess knowledge, awareness and practice of usage of interdental aids was distributed among dental professionals. The data was collected and statistically evaluated using SPSS software.

Results: Majority of the dental professionals are aware of the purpose of interdental cleaning among which 74.5% being MDS and 3.92% being BDS.

Conclusion: Because of the minimal positive reaction to interdental aids among general dentists, educational campaigns offering information on various interdental aids should be conducted.
Prevalence of Untreated Mesio-Buccal 2 Canal in Maxillary First Molars Reported in KSA Since 2010: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alanazi Laila Mohammed , Alothman Sahar , Alsomaly Amal Taha , Alanazi Abdulelah Khalid , Alanazi Abdulmohsen Khalid , Alghufaili Saleh Mohammed , Alibrahim Wesam Yousef , Ansari Shahzeb H. , Sultana Fatima
Published: January 2022

Several aspects are involved in the success of an endodontic therapy. Because root canal treatment is so complicated, it can't be evaluated using two-dimensional radiographs. Endodontic failure can occur if any section of the canal is overlooked and left untreated. The root canals of the first and second molars are the most complicated of all the maxillary teeth. Locating the mesio buccal (mb2) canal in the maxillary teeth for endodontic treatment is difficult. The mb2 canals are located utilizing three-dimensional technology and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The primary goal of this research is to conduct a systematic evaluation of publications that have reported on the occurrence of mb2 canal in maxillary first molars. Many studies in Saudi Arabia have found that the incidence of mb2 in maxillary first molars ranges from 23.3 percent to 70.6 percent, and that the incidence in maxillary second molars is about 19.8%. A few studies also found that direct viewing of the root, followed by troughing, was used to find an mb2 canal that was not visible on a CBCT scan.
Depression and Its Associated Factors in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Shehzadi Iram , Gorsi Naqash Siddique , Khalid Waqas Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives: The basic aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among hospitalized patients in local hospital of Pakistan.

Methods: This Cross sectional study was conducted in Jinnah Hospital Lahore during June 2019 to June 2020.

Results: This study includes 200 patients who were admitted in Jinnah hospital, Lahore. We collect and analyze the data and find the mean values of age, BMI, patient’s income status, economic status and some other socio-demographical values of patients. The data represents that the most frequent reason of admitted in hospital is some kind of gastrointestinal issues. It was also noted that the median length of hospital stay was 7-8 days in 75% of the patients.

Conclusion: It is concluded that depression is a great factor which contribute towards the hospitalized patients suffering. Hospitalized patients were at higher risk for anxiety if they were physically inactive and stayed 8 days or longer in hospital. The risk for depression was higher in patients with a low income and older patients.
Host-Directed Therapy in Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: Netea Mihai G. , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J.
Published: January 2025

This JAMA Viewpoint explores the addition of host-directed therapy using immunotherapeutic agents to pandemic preparedness programs.
In Situ Formation of 3D ZIF‐8/MXene Composite Coating for High‐Performance Zinc‐Iodine Batteries
Authors: Liu Jinshuai , Chen Song , Shang Wenshuo , Ma Jizhen , Zhang Jintao
Published: January 2025

Aqueous Zn batteries have garnered a great deal of attention owing to environmental benefits, intrinsic safety, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the commercial viability of these batteries is hindered by Zn anode issues, including dendrite formation and side reactions. Herein, the authors modulate the deposition behavior of Zn2+ ions through a 3D ZIF‐8@MXene (Z@M) composite coating. The Z@M coating can effectively reduce the contact area with the electrolyte, inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction and Zn corrosion. Notably, theoretical calculations and in situ experimental observations of Zn deposition reveal that the dual coordination mechanism of MXene and ZIF‐8 significantly improves the adsorption energy of Zn atoms. This improved capacity to capture Zn2+ ions will promote the desolvation of hydrated Zn2+ ions, resulting in a dendrite‐free deposition process. Therefore, in a symmetry cell, the Z@M‐Zn anode demonstrates an impressive cycle life of 1050 h at 1 mA cm−2. When applies in an aqueous Zn‐I2 battery, the Z@M‐Zn anode demonstrates a remarkable lifespan of over 2400 cycles at 5 C. This work provides a straightforward approach to designing reversible Zn anode, offering promising potential for broader applications across various metal‐based anode systems.
Bioinspired Liquid Pockets with Externally Induced Internal Microscale Flow
Authors: Xu Lian , Wu Feng , Shen Yigang , Fan Yi , Wang Shuli , Hou Xu
Published: January 2025

The gastric mucosal barrier, through its gastric pits, serves as a pathway for secretions, ensuring that mucus produced by the gastric glands is transferred to the gastric lumen, providing stable protection. Here a bioinspired liquid pockets material is shown, composed of a thermo‐driven hydrogel that acts as an external activation unit to release interflowing liquid responsively, and porous matrices that serve as interconnected pockets to transfer it, enabling controlled internal flow and adaptive barrier functionality. Experiments and theoretical analysis demonstrate the stability and regulatory mechanisms of these liquid pockets, based on the interconnected pockets between the external activation unit and internal fluid flow. It exhibits a new pathway for regulating microscale flow at responsive material interfaces, enabling applications from sequential drug release, self‐cleaning, and antifouling to anti‐swelling. These unique capabilities address long‐standing challenges in microscale flow control, with potential impacts in diverse fields including microfluidics, drug delivery, medical devices, 3D printing, and beyond.
Additive Manufacturing of Stretchable Zipping Electrostatic Actuators through Spray Encapsulation of a Frozen Liquid
Authors: Grasso Giulio , Rosset Samuel , Shea Herbert
Published: January 2025

The fabrication of soft fluid‐filled systems with mm or sub‐mm scale features such as tuneable lenses, microfluidic tactile sensors, and electrohydraulic zipping actuators often relies on manual filling. This final step of injecting fluid limits throughput and repeatability. This study presents an additive manufacturing process to create complex stretchable systems in which the liquid is directly printed as part of the fabrication process. The devices actuate straight out of the printing setup, with no further filling or sealing steps. In our fully printed approach for multi‐layered structures, the key steps are the deposition of precisely shaped liquid droplets with sub‐µL resolution, followed by their encapsulation using a freezing process to allow printing or spraying over the temporarily solid fluid drops. Printing both the fluid and the structure has advantages of: a) no filing channel, enabling very high fill‐factors; b) design freedom as each device in array can be filled with a different volume; c) accuracy in filling. We demonstrate this process by printing arrays of 5 mm diameter stretchable hydraulically amplified taxels (HAXELs), consisting of nine flexible layers, with the working fluid included as part of the printing process.
End‐to‐End Crystal Structure Prediction from Powder X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Lai Qingsi , Xu Fanjie , Yao Lin , Gao Zhifeng , Liu Siyuan , Wang Hongshuai , Lu Shuqi , He Di , Wang Liwei , Zhang Linfeng , Wang Cheng , Ke Guolin
Published: January 2025

Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) is a prevalent technique in materials characterization. While the analysis of PXRD often requires extensive human manual intervention, and most automated method only achieved at coarse‐grained level. The more difficult and important task of fine‐grained crystal structure prediction from PXRD remains unaddressed. This study introduces XtalNet, the first equivariant deep generative model for end‐to‐end crystal structure prediction from PXRD. Unlike previous crystal structure prediction methods that rely solely on composition, XtalNet leverages PXRD as an additional condition, eliminating ambiguity and enabling the generation of complex organic structures with up to 400 atoms in the unit cell. XtalNet comprises two modules: a Contrastive PXRD‐Crystal Pretraining (CPCP) module that aligns PXRD space with crystal structure space, and a Conditional Crystal Structure Generation (CCSG) module that generates candidate crystal structures conditioned on PXRD patterns. Evaluation on two MOF datasets (hMOF‐100 and hMOF‐400) demonstrates XtalNet's effectiveness. XtalNet achieves a top‐10 Match Rate of 90.2% and 79% for hMOF‐100 and hMOF‐400 in conditional crystal structure prediction task, respectively. XtalNet enables the direct prediction of crystal structures from experimental measurements, eliminating the need for manual intervention and external databases. This opens up new possibilities for automated crystal structure determination and the accelerated discovery of novel materials.