bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Problems of Application of Parole to Persons Suffering from a Sexual Preference Disorder in the Form of Pedophilia in Modern Russia
Authors: Kolbasin Vladislav
Published: December 2020

Introduction: the protection of minors against sexual violence is one of the main directions of the criminal policy of the Russian Federation. Investigating the issue of struggling against sexual offences committed by persons with a disorder of sexual preference in the form of pedophilia, special attention should be paid to the repetition of the acts by the covered category of persons who served a sentence for committing similar crimes. The appalling statistics confirm the need to take drastic measures to combat the disease we are investigating, as well as excluding the possibility of parole for the category of criminals we are interested in. The purpose of this research is to analyze the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the issues of parole for persons serving sentences for sexual crimes against minors, to study various points of view about the possibility of getting rid of the form of paraphilia that interests us by applying special medical measures, as well as to make suggestions for solving the problem under study. Methods: the methods of induction, analysis and statistical analysis are used. Results: the author’s well-founded position is based on the legislation and the opinion of the scientific community on the issue of excluding the possibility of parole for persons serving a sentence for committing a criminal act that infringes on the sexual integrity of minors. The paper presents the brief conclusions and suggestions for improving the Russian legislation in the field of combating recidivism of the crimes we are studying. Conclusions: we have found that parole for persons serving sentences for committing acts of the category under study often leads to deplorable consequences in the form of committing new violent sexual crimes against minors. And despite the provisions in the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that complicate the procedure of parole for pedophiles, the number of violent sexual crimes against minors committed by persons who served a sentence for committing a similar crime and are on parole is growing.
The System of Law in Terms of Industry Differentiation
Authors: Milinchuk Darya
Published: December 2020

Introduction: in the modern scientific legal literature, there are many judgments about the structuring of the system of law. The legal scholars are divided into two opposite camps: some support the position on the need to divide law into branches, while others defend the point of view that the concept of system of law is a kind of scientific and legal rudiment and does not have practical utility and significance. One of the reasons for these trends is the lack of a monistic approach to the criteria for dividing law into branches. The paper presents an overview of the modern scientific concepts of the theory of the system of law. Methods: the study of the system of law is impossible without the use of a set of methods of scientific knowledge, which include: legal analysis, the system-structural and dialectical methods. Results: the method developed by the author for distinguishing the branches of law is based on the analysis of a certain set of legal norms from the point of view of its subject (the group of public relations), the conceptual and categorical framework, the autonomy of functioning and the homogeneity of public relations. Conclusions: as a result of the research, the role and practical significance of the category systems of law in the legal science and practice is revealed. It is established that the division of law into branches helps to more effectively implement the departmental rulemaking, correctly plan the corporate activities of many legal entities, as well as competently organize the educational process and training of highly qualified specialists.
The role and the importance of expert communities in the process of decisions making: comparative analysis of national and international experience
Authors: Volosatova Arina , Grevtsov Oleg , Zhukova Olga , Druzhinina Natalia , Volosatova Mariia
Published: December 2020

In the Present article was provide a comparative analysis with using the method of expert assessments in the process of making management decisions, based on national and international experience. Considered theoretical and practical approaches to the establishment of an expert community in modern conditions, the main difficulties of using the method of expert assessments in organizing the analysis of the problem and processing the results were shown.
The example of European countries, the experience of attracting experts has been studied for making management decisions in various regulatory processes, as well as the mechanism of experts’ interaction both with the subject of assessment and with government decision-making structures have been studied.
The authors revealed that there are no legislative procedures for attracting experts in the legal framework of the Russian Federation. In establishing evaluation systems and expert communities, national authorities are forced to use local acts and documents, which could not give a reason to consider expert opinion as the issues solution.
Particular attention in the article on the process of experts’ selection and the formation of the expert community as the main element of the process of formation and decisions selection. Since, the experts’ estimates requires an analysis of their objectivity and reliability, the qualification of experts should guarantee that these assessments are reliable. In addition, the insufficient competence of experts, the error is possible because of experts’ interest in the assessment results, and may distort the final results.
Research and extension action for parasitic control in pig breeding families located in Tanguá, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Class Camila S.C. , Silveira Renato L. , Palmer João Pedro S. , Fialho Priscila A. , Lobão Lucas F. , Dib Laís V. , Uchôa Claudia Maria A. , Barbosa Alynne S.
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze the parasites infesting pigs and their producers on family farms in Tanguá, RJ, Brazil, and to conduct extension activities between 2018 and 2019. Fecal samples were collected from 132 pigs, as well as, skin scrapings from the ears of 125 animals. In addition, 36 stool specimens from farmers and their families were analyzed. The collected material was processed by direct examination, sedimentation and flotation techniques. Gastrointestinal parasites were detected in 88.6% of the pigs, especially coccidia (71.8%), Balantioides coli (55%), strongyles (40.2%) and Strongyloides ransomi (31.6%) which showed statistically significance (p<0.05). Ectoparasites were identified in 16% of the pigs, mostly Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis (76.2%). Parasites were detected in 19.4% of the humans, including, Entamoeba coli (19.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides (8.3%) and Trichuris trichiura (5.5%). The frequency of B. coli and S. scabiei var. suis (p<0.05) were statistically significant, when analyzing the age group of the animals, having been more detected in the older years, fatterners phase. The pig farmers participated in these activities extension, which included lecture and “field day”, aimed at imparting information about parasites and their prophylaxis. The situation in Tanguá pig farms reinforces the need to carry out programs that provide technical support to these farmers, whose livelihood depends on pig farming.
UM ESTUDO SOBRE O EMPREGO DA VÍRGULA NA HISTÓRIA DO PORTUGUÊS EUROPEU
Authors: Yano Cynthia Tomoe
Published: December 2020

RESUMO: No presente trabalho investiga-se o funcionamento da vírgula no português europeu nos séculos XVI ao XIX em dois tipos de construções: antes de oração completiva e após sujeito e adjunto não-oracional ou oração dependente em primeira posição. Para tanto, utilizou-se um corpus com 24 textos de autores nascidos entre os séculos XVI e XIX. Observou-se que, nos séculos XVI e XVII, a vírgula servia mais para auxiliar na organização e leitura do texto, indicando relações discursivas e prosódicas. No entanto, nos séculos XVIII e XIX, embora a vírgula continue a servir para indicar o papel discursivo do sintagma pré-verbal, especialmente nos casos com um sujeito pré-verbal, antes de oração completiva tal função se perdeu, pois os autores passaram a dar maior atenção à relação de complementaridade entre verbo e argumento, preferindo não separar os dois. Um possível fator que teria favorecido tal mudança parece ser o fato de, a partir da segunda metade do século XVIII, com a maior difusão do Iluminismo em Portugal, os gramáticos terem passado a se preocupar mais com a norma e a sintaxe do português, que levou o sistema de pontuação a ser mais baseado na função lógico-gramatical.
A paisagem das trocas: a Vila de Cunha e a formação de uma economia de abastecimento interno na transição do século XVIII para o XIX
Authors: BORSOI DIOGO FONSECA
Published: December 2020

RESUMO Este artigo visa contribuir com o debate sobre a história da urbanização no período colonial, elegendo para estudo de caso a Vila de Cunha entre os anos de 1776 e 1817. Escolhemos um ponto aparentemente insignificante da rede urbana da Capitania de São Paulo com o objetivo de mostrar que, indiferentemente à modéstia demográfica e ao seu espaço construído, o núcleo em questão guarda uma complexa territorialidade construída a partir das atividades de seus habitantes. Nesse sentido, lançamos mão de uma série de documentos manuscritos - tais como cartas de sesmarias -, documentos cartográficos, ofícios, maços de população e décimas urbanas para desvendar quais foram as diferentes modalidades de ocupação desse território, quais atividades eram desenvolvidas ali, quais relações os indivíduos estabeleceram na lógica da rede urbana e como essas relações se refletiram no intraurbano de Cunha, implicando a formação de uma materialidade e de teias alinhavadas entre o núcleo urbano, o Rocio e o Termo.
Dor na coluna torácica e fatores associados em fumicultores
Authors: Carvalho Maitê Peres de , Fiori Nadia Spada , Meucci Rodrigo Dalke , Faria Neice Muller Xavier , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal
Published: December 2020

Resumo Introdução: dor na coluna torácica diz respeito a traumas cumulativos envolvendo má postura, movimentos repetitivos e longos períodos na mesma posição. Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de dor na coluna torácica e fatores associados em fumicultores no sul do Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal cuja associação entre o desfecho e os fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais, atividades laborais, cargas de trabalho e comorbidades foram examinadas pelo teste de Wald para heterogeneidade e tendência linear. A análise multivariável foi realizada utilizando modelo hierárquico e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: o estudo envolveu 2.469 indivíduos de ambos os sexos. A prevalência de dor na coluna torácica foi de 21,2%. Limpar equipamento para aplicação de agrotóxico, número de episódios de Doença da Folha Verde, sintomas respiratórios e transtornos psiquiátricos menores foram positivamente associados ao desfecho em ambos os sexos. Tabagismo e intoxicação por agrotóxicos foram associados ao desfecho entre as mulheres, enquanto escolaridade e passar varas com folhas de tabaco foram associados aos homens. Conclusões: reestruturação ergonômica, redução das cargas de trabalho, trocas de posição durante o turno de trabalho e mecanização do processo de trabalho são estratégias importantes para reduzir a exposição à nicotina, agrotóxicos e carga de trabalho ergonômica.
Independent and Combined Effects of Biological Maturation and aerobic performance on the gross motor coordination in prepubertal girls
Authors: Pinheiro Ingrid Kelly Alves dos Santos , Luz Leonardo Gomes de Oliveira , Giudicelli Bruno Barbosa , Santos Douglas Henrique Bezerra , Silva Braulio Patrick Lima , Cunha Júnior Arnaldo Tenório da , Coelho-e-Silva Manuel João
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT The present study analyzed the effect of biological maturation on the performance in the test of gross motor coordination in girls, before and after having its effect controlled by body mass index (BMI) and aerobic performance. The sample was composed by 63 pre-pubertal girls (8.0-8.99 years). The girls who were less advanced in biological maturation presented lower body size and better physical performance in the tasks of walking backward on balance beams (t=2.706; p<0.01; d=0.70), moving sideways on boxes (t=2.128; p<0.05; d=0.48), hopping for height on one leg (t=2.076, p<0.05; d=0.54) and 20-m shuttle run (t=3.162; p <0.05; d=0.61). The maturation no longer influenced performance in the tasks of gross motor coordination when considering BMI and aerobic fitness.
Gestão do cuidado de estudantes com necessidades alimentares especiais vinculados ao Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar
Authors: Colares Silviani da Silva , Ferraz Fabiane , Perry Ingrid Dalira Schweigert , Soratto Jacks
Published: December 2020

Resumo O estudo objetiva analisar os mecanismos de gestão do cuidado voltados aos estudantes com necessidades alimentares especiais (NAE) vinculados às Secretarias Municipais de Educação do Estado de Santa Catarina. Trata-se de estudo de métodos mistos, com estratégia incorporada concomitante, realizado com 134 nutricionistas que prestam assistência a estudantes com NAE. Utilizou-se questionário enviado por correio eletrônico como instrumento de coleta de dados, que foi avaliado por meio da análise de conteúdo temática e por estatística descritiva. Os resultados indicaram que o atestado ou laudo médico para oferta da alimentação especial foram os principais documentos comprobatórios; a licitação tipo pregão foi o meio de obtenção de alimentos especiais; os manipuladores de alimentos predominaram no recebimento de orientação referente às NAE; falta de produtos e fornecedores foram indicados como dificuldades; e garantia de atendimento destacada como facilidade na gestão das NAE. Quanto às características da gestão, destacam-se a ausência de solicitação de ficha técnica (79,9%), de oferta de alimentação especial (62%), de material informativo (92,5%) e da disponibilização de utensílios (63,4%). A assistência nutricional nos municípios catarinenses possui mecanismos de gestão diversos, que atendem às necessidades dos estudantes com NAE, mas ainda possui algumas fragilidades que dificultam a efetivação da assistência integral.
Fábrica da nutrição neoliberal: elementos para uma discussão sobre as novas abordagens comportamentais
Authors: Seixas Cristiane Marques , Casemiro Juliana Pereira , Coutinho Carolina de Oliveira , Conde Thais Nascimento , Brandão Ana Laura
Published: December 2020

Resumo A aplicação de teorias do comportamento em diversas áreas tem despertado o interesse em investigar como essas teorias são incorporadas pelo campo da Alimentação e Nutrição, problematizando sua interdisciplinaridade. Este artigo busca contextualizar a Nutrição como ciência e seu desenvolvimento num contexto social em que o neoliberalismo opera como sistema de gestão da vida política, econômica e social. Visam-se reunir elementos teóricos relativos à noção de comportamento extraídos do campo da psicologia a fim de contribuir para o aprofundamento das reflexões acerca da emergência de técnicas baseadas em teorias do comportamento, tais como a Nutrição Comportamental, o Mindful Eating e o Comer Intuitivo, além de apresentar ponderações sobre os limites relacionados à aplicação dessas abordagens na formação e na prática dos profissionais de saúde.
Zé Zabel Perna-de-Pau: perspectiva histórico-antropológica sobre uma tradição oral tapeba
Authors: Barretto Filho Henyo Trindade
Published: December 2020

Resumo Trata-se de (re)construir, a partir de testemunhos orais de índios e não índios e de algum repertório documental, a trajetória de um importante líder indígena do povo tapeba, que se destacou na primeira metade do século XX: José “da Isabel” Alves dos Reis, ou Zé Zabel Perna-de-Pau. Baseado no repertório conceitual e metodológico proposto por Vansina (1965) e inspirado em obras etnobiográficas (Albert, 2015) e na noção de “biografia social” (Werbner, 1991 apud Jimeno Santoyo, 2006, p. 48), trato o conjunto de narrativas sobre Perna-de-Pau como uma tradição oral. Ao (re)construir a sua trajetória - características físicas e condutas pessoais, talentos e habilidades, redes de parentesco e de relações estabelecidas, estilo e alcance de liderança, e enraizamento territorial - pretendo expor aspectos importantes dos modos de vida tapeba e suas expressões territoriais na primeira metade do século XX, e certas dimensões de como se pensam como povo distinto e vivem no território que lutam para reconquistar.
Sociogênese da mobilização étnica ocorrida na comunidade Serra do Truarú (Terra Indígena Serra da Moça, etnorregião Murupú, Boa Vista-RR)
Authors: Aleixo Wapichana Eriki
Published: December 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a sociogênese de uma mobilização étnica ocorrida na comunidade indígena Serra do Truarú, iniciada em 2004. A referida mobilização tinha como objetivo precípuo a ampliação da Terra Indígena Serra da Moça, algo que já era demandado pelos Wapichana e Macuxi desde a demarcação no ano de 1991. Para este artigo, procuro etnografar os antecedentes da referida mobilização, tomando como elementos importantes formadores desse processo: as experiências das lideranças indígenas, a vivência de restrições cotidianas a partir de negociações fundiárias desfavoráveis e o contexto político regional. A conjugação desses fatores desencadeou mobilizações indígenas e, dessa forma, constata-se que tais elementos são fundamentais na orientação das formas organizativas e na politização da identidade étnica para atuarem na luta por suas terras tradicionalmente ocupadas.
Media constructs of identity in the pandemic era – some educational and development implications
Authors: Karkowska Magda
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of the author of the article is to analyze the way in which COVID-19 content in the media influences the shaping of the identity of their recipients. I ask whether they fulfill their functions properly, being by definition a place of constructing experiences, sensations and opinions of people. What vision of the world appears after reading the materials, the subject of which are social changes caused by the epidemic situation? In search of answers to these questions I apply such analytical tools like functions and models of identity. I present a thesis about the violation of the developmental idea of the individual’s assimilation with culture, as well as the violation of the integrity of the psyche in relation to three approaches to identity: sociological, psychological, and philosophical, illustrating the analysis with examples taken from the media in the period from March 20 to April 25, 2020.
Ethical considerations around a fragment of the novel Bruno Jasieński "Collusion of the indifferent. Unfinished novel part one"
Authors: Mielczarek Mirosław
Published: December 2020

The subject of consideration is a fragment of Bruno Jasieński’s novel „Collusion of the indifferent. Part one of the unfinished novel". In turn, the purpose of the article is to answer the question: how to interpret a mental construct: “Do not be afraid of enemies – in the worst case they can kill you. Do not be afraid of friends – at worst they can betray you. Beware of the indifferent – they do not kill and do not cheat, but with their silent consent, murder and betrayal exist in the world”? The selected assumptions were implemented by means of an analysis of the literature on the subject and an author’s research project. The method of diagnostic survey was chosen for the study, which was supplemented with an interview technique and research tool in the form of a proprietary interview questionnaire. In the research procedure, a qualitative strategy was identified, most often associated with the interpretative paradigm, which allowed for giving up hypotheses. The research group was made up of pedagogues whose narratives are an important complement to the text.
Studying Interrelation of Cognitive Style of Behavior with Professional Activity Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Nezhkina Larisa , Fontalova Natalya
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to examining theoretical aspects and practical study of individual means of processing information (cognitive styles) by law enforcement officers. It reveals the content of the concept cognitive style which presents formal and dynamic characteristics of intellectual activity not associated with the content-related (resultant) aspects of human intellect. The article presents some scientific approaches to studying cognitive styles. The authors consider that study and development of the intellectual behavior or cognitive style is necessary for law enforcement officers as discharge of their duties requires law enforcers to be able to make effective decisions, to find the right ways of managing various situations. In this regard, the authors carried out an investigation, which involved law enforcement officers, aimed at studying their cognitive style of behavior impulsivity - reflexivity. As a result of the investigation performed, a proposal is made that expressiveness of the cognitive style - impulsivity / reflexivity is interrelated with the quality of professional duties performance, at that, the higher the reflexivity level, the more probable that the law enforcer does his/her work more effectively. In the end, the article sums up the results and offers to consider the features of cognitive styles in selecting the candidates for service in law enforcement bodies for purposes of successful further professional activity.
Prospects of Developing Market of Consumer Lending In Russia
Authors: Zhilan Oksana , Kornilova Anastasia
Published: December 2020

Currently, development of the consumer market is becoming increasingly important. Loans provided by a commercial Bank contribute to solving financial problems of the population, as well as enables customers to meet their needs for the goods and services they need, without having a sufficient monetary means at the present moment. The growth of consumer activity activates the production processes, thereby increasing the market capacity, which contributes to developing the economy and, consequently, to improving human wellbeing. The issues related to the consumer credit market development affect not only the problems of the state of the banking system monetary mechanism as a whole, but also the mechanism of lending in a separate commercial bank. At the same time, the consumer lending is usually associated with high credit risks for the credit organization, which determines the topicality of the problems and the need to improve the consumer lending market in Russia.
Research of abnormal user actions in the information environment
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Russian Federation, Karpova Nadegda , Baranov Alexsander ,   NITS FORS, OOO, Samara, Russian Federation, Emelina Alina ,   Samara State Technical University, Russian Federation, Konovalov Alexsander ,   Samara City Dental Clinic N 1, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of user actions in a computer system and the development of a system for monitoring abnormal user actions in the information environment. We used the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic for system development. The main advantages of information environment monitoring systems based on fuzzy set theory are the ability to represent arbitrary parameter values in the form of analytics of given values, the ability to take more development scenarios into account, the ability to use this system when making decisions, when describing flow analysis schemes for the information environment, and track a large number of computer parameters. During the research, it was found that the actions of hackers differ from the behavior of ordinary users. As a result, the authors propose a developed system for monitoring abnormal user actions in the information environment, which is based on the analysis of event logs. The operation of the system requires the accumulation of information (audit files, log-in time and session duration data on file deletion, etc.), based on which a standard (template) of normal user behavior is created. Then, the user’s behavior is compared with the standard, and when anomalies are detected, the system signals about deviations. This algorithm allows you to track a large number of user parameters to determine unauthorized access.
The chaotic masking message model using orthogonal functions
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Belim Svetlana , Belim Sergei ,   Omsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The model for chaotic signal masking is proposed in the article. The digital signal in the bit representation is encoded using a family of orthogonal functions. Random white noise is superimposed on the resulting analog signal. The white noise amplitude is significantly greater than the amplitude of the signal. The functions orthogonal property is used to retrieve a useful signal. The advantage proposed this model is that it is not necessary to match the noise generators in the source and in the receiver of the message. The integration operation is required to retrieve the message. The using a simple rectangle scheme is discussed. The comparative computer experiment is based on two families of orthogonal functions: simple trigonometric functions and orthogonal Lagrange polynomials. It has been shown that using the trigonometric function family results in fewer errors when retrieving a message.
4. SINIF BASİT ELEKTRİK DEVRELERİ KONUSUNUN ÖĞRETİMİNDE GÜNCEL BAĞLAM TEMELLİ ÖĞRETİM YÖNTEMİNİN KULLANIMININ ÖĞRENCİLERİN FENE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARINA, BAŞARILARINA VE BİLGİLERİNİN KALICILIĞINA ETKİSİ
Authors: DERMAN Ayşegül , ERGÜN Erdem Can
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma    4. sınıf  fen  bilimleri  dersi “Basit  Elektrik  Devreleri”  konusunun öğretiminde kullanılan güncel bağlam  temelli  öğretim yaklaşımının  öğrencilerin fene  yönelik  tutumlarına, başarılarına ve bilgilerinin  kalıcılığına  etkisini  incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma Gaziantep’in merkez ilçelerinden birinde bulunan bir devlet okulunda 2016-2017 akademik yılı bahar döneminde, dördüncü sınıfta okuyan toplam 51 öğrenciyle 6 haftalık sürede tamamlanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Tutum Ölçeği, Başarı  ve  Kalıcılık Testi   kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde öncelikle Normallik analizi yapıldıktan sonra çıkan sonuçlara göre Wilcoxon testi, Bağımlı gruplar t-testi, Bağımsız gruplar t-testi, Mann-Whitney U-testi istatistik tekniklerinden uygun olan bir tanesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, güncel bağlam temelli öğretim yaklaşımının uygulandığı deney grubunun fene yönelik tutumunda öntest-sontest puanları arasında kendi içinde anlamlı bir artış gözlenirken; geleneksel bağlam temelli öğretim yaklaşımının uygulandığı kontrol grubunun fene yönelik tutumunda öntest-sontest puanları arasında kendi içinde anlamlı bir artış gözlenmemiştir.Başarı ve bilginin kalıcılığı bakımından ise deney ve kontrol grupları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir fark gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada 4. Sınıf “Basit Elektrik Devreleri” konusunun öğretiminde kullanılan güncel bağlam temelli öğretim yaklaşımının fene yönelik tutum, başarı ve bilginin kalıcılığı bakımından anlamlı fark oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir.
ÇEVRE SORUNLARINA YÖNELİK TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: KILIÇ Çınar , KAN Adnan
Published: December 2020

Çevre eğitimi, çevresini koruma konusunda olumlu tutumlara ve çevre bilincine sahip bireyler yetiştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Küçük yaşlardan itibaren verilmeye başlanan planlı bir çevre eğitimi sayesinde çevre konusunda olumlu tutumlara sahip bireyler yetiştirilebilir. Eğitim süreci içerisinde öğrencilerin çevreye yönelik tutumları ölçülerek mevcut durum belirlenmelidir. Bu sayede hangi konularda düzenleme yapılması gerektiği planlanabilir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, ortaokul öğrencilerinin çevre sorunlarına yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek üzere bir ölçek geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ölçeğin geliştirilmesinde sistematik bir işlem süreci uygulanmıştır. Geliştirilen ölçek toplam 567 kişiye uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar random yöntemle iki alt gruba ayrılmıştır (n1=303, n2=264). Birinci grubun verileriyle açımlayıcı faktör analizi, ikinci grubun verileriyle doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda, ölçeğin 22 madde ve dört faktörden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen yapının geçerliği, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile doğrulanmıştır. Ölçeğin tamamına ait Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı .88 olarak belirlenmiştir. Alt faktörlerin güvenirlik katsayıları .70 ile .84 arasında değişmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, ölçeğin çevre sorunlarına yönelik tutumları ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermiştir.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETİMİNDE DİJİTAL ÖYKÜLEME İLE EFSANELERDEN YARARLANMA: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: SELANİK AY Tuğba
Published: December 2020

Günümüzde yazılı metinler öğrencilerin yeterince ilgisini çekmemeye başlamıştır. Bu sorunun çözümünde metinleri ses, görsel, karikatür, slogan gibi çoklu ögelerle daha ilgi çekici hale getirebilen dijital öykülemelerden yararlanılabilir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı sosyal bilgiler öğretiminde dijital öyküleme ile efsanelerden yararlanmanın ilkokul öğrencilerinin görüşlerine dayalı olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırma 4. sınıfına devam etmekte olan 37 ilkokul öğrencisi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak öğrencilerin tuttuğu ders günlükleri ve uygulama sonunda öğrencilerin tasarlayarak yazdıkları efsaneler kullanılmıştır. İlkokul öğrencilerinin yazdığı efsanelerin çözümlenmesi sonucunda efsanelerde sosyal unsurlar, duygular, coğrafi unsurlar, doğal afetler, olağanüstü unsurlar ve hava olayları olmak üzere toplam 6 ana temaya ulaşılırken; günlüklerden elde edilen veriler ise akademik ve duyuşsal bağlamda sınıflandırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda akademik bağlamda belirtilen görüşlerin dijital öykülemeler ve efsanelerin ilişkilendirildiği kazanımlara uyumlu olduğu; duyuşsal bağlamda ise sosyal bilgiler dersini sevdirme, öğrencilerin ilgisini çekme, farklı edebî türlere ilgiyi artırma, teknolojiyi daha etkili kullanma gibi katkıların ilkokul öğrencileri tarafından ifade edildiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında sosyal bilgiler dersinde dijital öyküleme yoluyla efsanelerden yararlanılması önerilebilir.
MESLEK LİSELERİ BİLİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ ALAN ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN BİLGİSAYARCA DÜŞÜNME BECERİ DÜZEYLERİNİN EĞİTİM PROGRAM TÜRÜNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YALÇIN Nursel , İKİNCİ Ayhan
Published: December 2020

Bilgisayarca düşünme becerisi problem çözme amacıyla teknoloji
destekli bir düşünme yaklaşımı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bilgisayarca Düşünme; bir çeşit problem çözme, sistemleri tasarlama ve
bilişim teknolojilerinin temel kavramlarına dikkat çekerek insan davranışlarını
anlama yöntemidir. Bilgisayarca Düşünme sadece bilgisayarcılar için değil
herkes için geçerli bir temel beceridir ve yakın gelecekte herkes tarafından
kullanılan temel beceriler (okuma, yazma ve aritmetik gibi) arasında yer
alacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çerçevede bu araştırmanın amacı da Meslek Liseleri
Bilişim Teknolojileri alanında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin bilgisayarca düşünme
beceri düzeylerinin program türü değişkenine göre incelenme olarak
belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, nedensel-karşılaştırma araştırma yöntemine
dayanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın çalışma
grubunu 107 birey oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında öğrencilerin
bilgisayarca düşünme becerileri “Bilgisayarca Düşünme Becerileri Ölçeği”
kullanılarak toplanmıştır (α=0,87). Elde edilen veriler üzerinde çok
değişkenli varyans analizi, aritmetik
ortalama, standart sapma, sıklık ve yüzdelik değer analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz
sonuçları, Anadolu Meslek Programında öğrenim gören öğrenciler ile Anadolu
Teknik Programında öğrenim gören öğrenciler arasında bilgisayarca düşünme
becerilerine göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermiştir, F
(5, 101) = ,746, p = ,60; Wilks’ Lambda = ,96. Ancak ortalama puanlar
incelendiğinde Anadolu Teknik Programında öğrenim gören öğrencilerinin Anadolu
Meslek Programında öğrenim gören öğrencilere göre gerek toplam puanlar gerekse
alt beceri puanları açısından yüksek düzey (68-100) grubunda daha fazla olduğu
görülmüştür.
İLKELDEN MODERNE KOKUNUN TÜKETİMİ VE TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDEKİ YANSIMASI
Authors: UĞUR ÇERİKAN Fidan
Published: December 2020

Toplumsal ritüellerin önemli bir bölümü, mitik dönemlere kadar götürülecek arkaik bir yapıya sahiptirler. Bu anlamda, insanın fizyolojisinden kaynaklı olarak bu arkaikliğe sahip olan unsurlardan biri de koku ve kokuya dair ritüeller olmaktadır. Tespit edilebilen verilerden hareketle Eski Mısır’dan, Asur, Hindistan, Çin, Orta Asya ve Eski Yunan’a kadar geniş bir coğrafyada kullanılan koku, pek çok ritüelde yer almaktadır. İlkel dönemden modern zamanlara kadar farklı toplumlarda benzer işlevler doğrultusunda kullanılan koku, çağdaş insan açısından günümüzde yeni bir formda sunulmaktadır. Bir yönüyle alış veriş kültürünün parçası olan koku; diğer bir açıdan toplumsal hafızanın ortadan kalkmasına yol açacak şartlar doğrultusunda oluşan bir çizgi içerisinde, yeni bir yola girmektedir. Bu çalışma, toplumsal anlamda kokunun tarihsel düzlemdeki ilerleyişini/değişimini ve çağdaş dönemdeki yeniden kurgulanmasına yönelik süreçlerini tarihsel gelişim, işlevsel ve antropolojik bakış açıları çerçevesinde ele almıştır. Konuya ilişkin farklı motiflerde görülen sınıflamalardan ayrı olarak, bir düzenlemeden çok, bireyin ve özellikle bireylerin bileşimiyle oluşan toplumların temel gereksinimleri ve kendilerine sunulanlar, yeni sosyal kodları belirlemeyi hedeflemiştir. Bu anlamda ilkelden moderne gelen süreçte yaşamın farklı evrelerinde kendine yer bulan koku; günümüzde hem bir ticari faaliyet ürünü, hem de bir yönüyle geçmişten getirdiği ritüelleri, değişim dönüşümle yeni formlarda yaşatan bir unsurdur. İnsanoğlunun beklenti ve ihtiyaçlarında var olan benzerlik sürdükçe kokunun yaşam alanı da devam edecektir.
GÜRCİSTAN'DA AZERBAYCAN TÜRKLERİNİN ETNOPEDAGOJİSİ
Authors: GOCA MEMMEDLİ Gülnara
Published: December 2020

Gürcü milletinin anavatanı ve Kafkasların önemli ülkelerinden biri olan Gürcistan, burada toplu şekilde bulunan Borçalı Türklerinin ve 1944 yılında sürgüne mahkûm edilmiş Ahıska Türklerinin de ata yurdu olarak bilinir. Günümüzde bu coğrafyada 400 bin civarında Türk varlığı yaşamını sürdürmektedir ve resmiyette Gürcistan Azerbaycanlıları adlandırılan bu toplum, kendilerine Türk veya Borçalı Türkleri yahut Karapapak Türkleri demektedirler. Gürcistan'da Türkçenin, Azerbaycan Türk edebiyatının, kültürünün zengin gelenekleri teyit edildiği gibi, İslam eğitiminin ve Azerbaycan Türkçesinde modern okullaşmanın da zengin tarihi vardır. Borçalı Türklerinin eğitim-öğretim mirasının kökleri sözlü halk edebiyatına yansıyan etno-halk pedagojisine dayanmaktadır. Yörenin kendine özgü folklor ürünlerinde vatan, memleket sevgisi, doğruluk, hayırseverlik, helallik, mertlik, anne-babaya saygı gibi necip ahlaksal-eğitsel motifler karşımıza çıkar ve bu materyaller etnopedagoji, halk pedagojisi ve halk didaktiği kapsamında da önem arz eder. Makalede; etnopedagoji ve halk pedagojisi kavramlarına kuramsal açıklık getirilmesine müteakiben Gürcistan Türklerinin sözlü halk edebiyatındaki etnopedagoji malzemeler incelenmekte olup, bölgenin çocuk folkloru ürünleri etnopedagoji kaynağı olarak araştırılmaktadır.
Radiography student comparison performing lumbar and thoracic spine imaging
Authors: Mekiš Nejc , Viltužnik Rebeka
Published: December 2020

Introduction: General radiography is a common imaging technique and X-ray examinations of the thoracic and lumbar spine are among the most frequent procedures undertaken. The aim of this research was to investigate the success rate, dose-area product (DAP), and effective dose values of 1st and 2nd cycle radiographer students performing X-ray imaging of the thoracic and lumbar spine using a phantom.
Methods: The students were divided into four groups according to the year of study (1st, 2nd, and 3rd years of 1st cycle degree, and all 2nd cycle degree students). They were asked to perform imaging of thoracic and lumbar spine on the phantom in both anteroposterior and lateral projections where IQ and DAP measurements were collated. The study was blind, so they did not know about the purpose of the study.
Results: First, we have inspected the acceptability rate of the images performed. The highest success rate of performing an optimal image was discovered with the 2nd cycle degree students where the 1st year students had the most difficulties there. In the second part, DAP and effective dose values were compared, only for the acceptable images in which case the 1st and 2nd years, students of the 1st cycle degree were most successful.
Conclusion: Based on that, we can conclude, that the 2nd cycle degree students had the lowest rejection rate regarding the optimal image quality, which was the price of using a larger primary X-ray field which leads to higher dose values.
Clinical efficacy of a screening approach to the differentiated prescription of antibiotic therapy in children with acute tonsilopharyngitis
Authors: Pikuza O I , Zakirova A M , Moroz T B
Published: December 2020

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the screening approach by prescribing a streptotest to verify the etiological cause of tonsillopharyngitis in children.

Methods. We observed 67 patients aged 7 to 11 with a history of recurrent respiratory infections. The incidence of acute respiratory infections varied from 8 to 12 times during the year preceding the examination. The main group consisted of 36 children who had tonsillopharyngitis with severe inflammation of the tonsils and plaque on the tonsils. The control group included 31 patients with acute tonsillopharyngitis with inflammatory changes in the tonsils and the absence of plaque. The observation and control groups were comparable and did not have statistically significant differences in gender and age. All patients underwent a common clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examination. Along with microbial culture, the special examinations included an express test (Dectra Pharm, France) for the presence of group A -hemolytic streptococcus.

Results. All children underwent an etiological examination. The presence of a viral antigen was confirmed in 71.64% of children. 27.49% of patients in the control group and 30.72% of patients in the main group had positive results of the express test for group A -hemolytic streptococcus, taking into account the requirements for assessing this reaction. It was revealed a reliable direct relationship between the detected viral infection and the negative results of the streptatest test (r=0.86; p=0.03) for the control group, and a positive correlation of the confirmed presence of group A -hemolytic streptococcus in the main group as with both C-reactive protein (r=0.78; p=0.04) and with inflammatory markers in the general blood test. A combination of positive fluorescence of viral antigens based on the results of immunofluorescence and a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for group A -hemolytic streptococcus was recorded in 7.46% of all patients. Clinical examples are given the justification of practical implementation of the express test for the quick diagnostic information.

Conclusion. Differentiated etiological diagnosis of acute tonsillopharyngitis based on clinical symptoms and the levels of markers of bacterial inflammation is extremely difficult therefore laboratory criteria should be the justification for prescribing antibiotic therapy; currently, the most accessible is the streptatest for the detection of group A -hemolytic streptococcus, which allows confirming or denying the presence of group A -hemolytic streptococcus within a few minutes, which means that it is correct to prescribe antibacterial drugs to patients.
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and possible mechanisms of their development in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Ivanova D V , Ziganshin A U
Published: December 2020

The article presents an analysis of current literature covering general information, as well as clinical and experimental research on autism spectrum disorder. Autism is a complex mental disorder. A growing body of literature suggests the association of autism spectrum disorder with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, especially those affecting the gastrointestinal tract and bladder. In addition, there are problems with nutrition, metabolism, immune and endocrine systems, and microbiota. Prevalence of autism has increased significantly over the past 40 years. As more and more children with autism become adults, understanding this condition throughout life is of paramount importance. Although many research has focused on understanding how diagnosis and treatment can help little children, few are focused on adults with autism and how primary care groups can better help these people. Despite significant progress toward identifying the factors influencing the development of autism spectrum disorder, the etiology of the disease remains uncertain. In this regard, scientists are trying to obtain models of autism in rodents to continue further research. Based on the data obtained during clinical and experimental researches, a hypothesis about the possible role of the purinergic system in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder is considered. The results are encouraging, but further research is required. Thus, somatic disorders can worsen the main symptoms of autism, which affect communication and behavior functioning. In this regard, further research is necessary, including in a rodent model of autism spectrum disorder to contribute to identifying the possible causes of the disorder.
Persons disabled since childhood with severe functional impairments: medical-social portrait
Authors: Ishutina I S , Vladimirova O A , Afonina K P , Khodakovskii M D , Gerashchenko L I , Kantemirov A S
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study of medical and social characteristics of persons disabled since childhood of the first group, their needs for various types of rehabilitation and care for the development of a medical-social model of personal assistance.

Methods. A sample study of 194 persons disabled since childhood of the first group in eight regions of the Russian Federation was conducted using a specially developed methodology. The calculations were performed by using the IBM SPSS Statistics Viewer 23.

Results. The state of health of persons disabled since childhood of the first group is characterized by polymorphism and polymorbidity. 64.3% of people with disabilities have multiple dysfunctions of organs and systems. In this regard, there are pronounced restrictions on the main categories of life activity. Half of the caregivers (47.4%) spend more than 8 hours a day on organizing care for persons disabled since childhood of the first group; between 4 and 8 hours 29.8%; between 2 and 3 hours 12.9%; less than 2 hours 4.1%. It was found that 32.7% of families spend more than half of their family budget on care (organization of medical and household care, transportation and relocation, organization of training, communication in accordance with age). At the same time, only 30.0% of caregivers work, the remaining 70.0% do not work (do not receive seniority) and will not be able to claim a labor pension. Persons disabled since childhood of the first group are characterized by pronounced restrictions on the main categories of life, the need for constant and regular care of all types, however, 28.4% of this group of people can self-service themselves or with little help from other people. With the presented medical-social portrait, state support for this category of citizens should be carried out in a differentiated manner. The personal assistance model allows parents/guardians of persons disabled since childhood of the first group not only to care for a family member but also to find employment as a personal assistant.

Conclusion. Families with persons disabled since childhood of the first group need differentiated support that will allow parents/guardians to care for their family members and work; the personal assistance model could solve these problems.
Investigating Possible Risk Factors and Prognostic Markers for Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis
Authors: ABAYLI Bahri , GENCDAL Genco
Published: December 2020

Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common postoperative complication. PEP is often mild, but sometimes may be a life-threatening clinical picture. PEP also increases the length of hospitalization and causes an increase in costs. We aimed to present the ERCP results of our hospital and second to investigate the possible risk factors and prognostic markers for PEP. We found AST, ALT, Wbc, neutrophil, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte, lymphocyte percentage, and NLR values were significantly higher in PEP group than the other group in this study.
The European Union’s Reaction to the Venezuelan Migration Crisis
Authors: Ochab Maria
Published: December 2020

El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar las acciones emprendidas por la Unión Europea (UE) como una reacción a la crisis política y económica que ha causado un éxodo masivo de ciudadanos venezolanos en los últimos años (desde 2015) y, en particular, tras las últimas elecciones presidenciales. La situación crítica actual en Venezuela se describirá, primero, presentando los antecedentes políticos y luego describiendo el panorama general de la economía venezolana y las dificultades que llevaron a este movimiento migratorio sin precedentes. Partiendo de la hipótesis de que la intervención de la UE está en consonancia con sus aspiraciones de ser un actor global, la segunda parte del artículo analiza las medidas tanto políticas como financieras emprendidas por diversas instituciones europeas para ayudar a mitigar esta crisis humanitaria.
Carlos Illades, Vuelta a la izquierda. La cuarta transformación en México: del despotismo oligárquico a la tiranía de la mayoría, Océano, México 2020, pp. 168. ISBN: 978-607-5571-10-2
Authors: Ortega Jaime
Published: December 2020

Carlos Illades ha emprendido un esfuerzo intelectual de proporciones mayúsculas: evaluar el primer año de gobierno del presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador (en adelante AMLO) a partir de las grandes líneas que definen su práctica política. Como es sabido, el gobierno de AMLO representa una novedad dentro del entramado histórico mexicano. Al tiempo de que se trata del primer gobierno de izquierda, es también una rehabilitación de algunas de las principales aspiraciones de lo que fue el Estado posrevolucionario tras casi cuatro décadas de administraciones que ondeaban con orgullo la bandera neoliberal. Según demuestra Illades, su gobierno es al mismo tiempo una vuelta al pasado soberanista, como una apuesta de un horizonte de futuro atrapado en las coordenadas del desarrollo capitalista (en la llamada globalización que erosiona las fuentes de la soberanía estatal).
Monika Sawicka, Brasil en el sistema internacional. Roles de la potencia media de nuevo tipo, Universitas, Kraków 2020, pp. 354. ISBN 978-83-242-3652-7, e-ISBN 978-83-242-6488-9
Authors: Krzywicka Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

Monika Sawicka es doctora en ciencias sociales y politóloga, especializada en la investigación de la política interior y exterior de Brasil. Ha publicado varios trabajos científicos en polaco, inglés y portugués, entre otros en la revista Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales (Sawicka, 2019). La monografía titulada Brasil en el sistema internacional. Roles de la potencia media de nuevo tipo, publicada en 2020 en polaco, se encuentra en la corriente principal de la investigación politológica en el área de las relaciones internacionales. En la literatura polaca se pueden indicar estudios sobre la actividad internacional de Brasil (Gawrycki, 2013; Gawrycki, 2015), pero el análisis exhaustivo con el enfoque propuesto por la autora amplía significativamente el área de investigación realizada hasta ahora.