bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogasrtic Block with Conventional Technique Using PNS in Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Rao Yarramsetti V. , Nadimpalli Hari Kiran , Kotturu Dathrika Vagdevi , Kasapogu Joel Ratnakar , Nimmaka Veda Sri
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The traditional method of blocking the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves may result in drug toxicity, block failure, and a significant amount of medication. Accurate needle placement made possible by the ultrasound-guided nerve block may lower the risk of medication toxicity, overdosage, and block failure.

Aim:

In this study, we examined the time to rescue analgesia, drug volume needed, and onset and duration of the motor and sensory nerve block between USG and conventional methods.

Settings and Design:

In this prospective study, 60 male patients with inguinal hernias between the ages of 18 and 60 who were the American Society of Anesthesiology I-II members and scheduled for repair were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each using a computerized approach.

Materials and Methods:

Group A patients received hernia block by the conventional method using 0.75% ropivacaine 15 ml, and Group B patients were given the block guided by ultrasound using 0.75% ropivacaine, till the nerves were surrounded on all sides by the drug.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were analyzed using two independent sample t-tests for demographic and hemodynamic parameters. A nonparametric test (Mann–Whitney U-test) was used to find the significance between the Visual Analog Scale.

Results:

There was a significantly early onset of sensory block in Group B 14.03 ± 2.82 min as compared to Group A 15.57 ± 1.52 min ( P = 0.047). The onset of motor block was also earlier in Group B 19.40 ± 2.85 min as compared to Group A 20.67 ± 1.90 min. The time to rescue analgesia was more in Group B 7.22 ± 0.97 h as compared to Group A 6.80 ± 0.70 h ( P = 0.062). The volume of drug required was less with ultrasound-guided block.

Conclusions:

Ultrasound-guided hernia block thus has the advantage of early onset, less dose requirement, and increase in time to rescue analgesia.
A comparative analysis of the environmental sustainability of London 2012 and Rio 2016: A Capability Approach to inter-national inequality at the Olympic Games
Authors: Sharples Bradley
Published: May 2024

Major sporting events can act either as drivers of environmental degradation or catalysts for environmental sustainability, often dictated by the developmental level of the host nation. This article applies a Capability Approach, alongside World-Systems Theory, in its analysis of the environmental sustainability of the London 2012 and Rio 2016 Summer Olympic Games. The article suggests that it is the possessed capabilities of the event host, rather than resources or utilities, which defines sustainable Olympic delivery. It asserts that the ‘non-core’ Rio possessed national capabilities less valuable in hosting an environmentally sustainable MSE than the ‘core’ London. In doing so, the article establishes four key inequalities between the environmental sustainability of the two cases: environmental starting positions; prevalence of expert local organisations; structural and regulatory conditions; and economic stability. It argues that these inter-national inequalities were unaccounted for in event planning and delivery – and were exacerbated by the ‘core’ hegemony of the Olympic Games. The paper suggests that the identification, acknowledgement, and attempted remediation of this inter-national inequality of capability may encourage a more equitable Olympic Games.
Widening the circle: assuming differentiated responsibilities in the Indigenization of university education
Authors: Dussault (Wendat, Nation huronne-wendat) Catherine , Molgat Marc , Tolley (Anishinabekwe, Kitigan Zibi First Nation) Mona , Vanthuyne Karine
Published: May 2024

Since Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Canadian universities have pledged to Indigenize education and hired Indigenous Curriculum Specialists to implement this commitment. These new higher education employees, however, face limited resources for, and resistance to, their work. To move forward, Indigenous Curriculum Specialists are calling for fruitful dialogues between them and their interlocutors at all levels of decision and policy making. This article exemplifies and promotes such dialogues, by presenting a written version of the sharing circle the authors had about their experiences with implementing an Indigenous Curriculum Specialist-led Indigenization initiative. Readers are then invited to draw on the circle’s main themes—positionality, responsibility, and Indigenized practices—to reflect on the differentiated responsibilities they are themselves called upon to assume in Indigenizing post-secondary education from their own position. It is only through engaging all beings in this conversation that we will contribute to shared understandings and responsibility for the world.
Selected properties of X120Mn12 steel welded joints by means of the plasma-MAG hybrid method
Authors: Skowrońska Beata , Szulc Barbara , Morek Radosław , Baranowski Michał , Chmielewski Tomasz M
Published: May 2024

The article describes properties of welds made of high wear resistance X120Mn12 steel obtained by the hybrid PTA-MAG (plasma transferred arc – metal active gas) method. The specimens were 8 mm thick rectangular (200 mm × 350 mm) sheets metal. The analyzed butt welds were made with the parameters selected according to the criterion of smallest cross-sectional area of welds and the narrowest HAZ (heat affected zone). The outcome of metallographic tests of weld, HAZ and parent material, hardness distribution and XRD (X-ray diffraction) patterns of selected areas are presented. The IIT (Instrumented Indentation Test) method was used to describe the distribution of mechanical properties shaped by thermal cycle annealing of the welding process. The investigation shows that the application of the PTA-MAG hybrid heat source for welding manganese steel enables the use of the filler material ER307 (AWS-A5.9). The hybrid PTA-MAG welding system has the relatively high potential to be an efficient alternative to welding standard processes for X120Mn12 steel due to the HAZ overheating limitation. The zone of high-risk weld cracking is the part of the HAZ close to the fusion area that has been reheated during weldment formation. Heat input about 0.6 kJ/mm is needed to provide full deep penetration butt weld without defects and with a vapor capillary of wide enough to cover the weld gap. The increase of hardness in the welded joint is smooth distributed and going up to 10% compared to the base material. The width of HAZ was <1 mm. Intensive carbides precipitation in HAZ has been avoided successfully.
Can artificial intelligence support creativity in early design processes?
Authors: Chandrasekera Tilanka , Hosseini Zahrasadat , Perera Ubhaya
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its transformative impact on design ideation. Generative AI, recognized for its ability to produce a wide array of design alternatives, has become an important tool in design, reshaping traditional methodologies. It facilitates the generation of novel and diverse design forms, acting as a co-creator in the design process. This technology, through machine learning and pattern recognition, analyzes extensive design datasets, enabling the production of innovative solutions. The utilization of generative AI extends beyond replicating AI-provided solutions; it aids in developing and influencing novel concepts, thus fostering original design solutions. This aligns with the concept of ‘reflective practice’ in design, where designers iteratively refine concepts through a dialogue between thought and action. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with 40 design students, randomly assigned to two groups of 20 each. Conducted in two phases, each phase involved a distinct urban furniture design task. In Phase 1, Group A was provided with a text-to-image generating AI tool, while Group B was not. In Phase 2, both groups undertook a similar task without AI assistance. This design exercise allowed for examining the influence of AI on creativity and cognitive load. Design outcomes from both tasks were anonymized and evaluated by experienced professionals using the Creative Product Semantic Scale (CPSS), which measures Novelty, Resolution, and Elaboration and Synthesis. Additionally, the NASA Task Load Index (NASA TLX) questionnaire assessed cognitive load aspects such as mental demand and effort. Findings suggest that generative AI significantly influences the creative design process, enhancing the quality of design outcomes and reducing cognitive load. The AI group demonstrated better performance in both tasks, indicating the impact of AI tools on design skills. This study underscores the potential of AI tools in design education, balancing cognitive load management with creativity enhancement.
Charcot Neuro-Osteoarthropathy With Superimposed Osteomyelitis in a Nondiabetic Patient, as a Consequence of Cancer Chemotherapy: A MR-Monitored Case Report
Authors: Giangreco Francesco , Iacopi Elisabetta , Maltinti Marco , Aringhieri Giacomo , Goretti Chiara , Pieruzzi Letizia , Piaggesi Alberto
Published: May 2024

Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy (CNO) is a manifestation of peripheral neuropathy as a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus but, less frequently, can be associated to other conditions such as alcoholism or neurotoxic therapies. An increasingly emerging cause of CNO is the use of oncological drugs which can cause neuropathic damage. The use of these therapies dramatically increased in recent years. CNO leads to a progressive degeneration of the foot's joints and to bone destruction and resorption which ends in deformities. These alterations in the foot's anatomy determine a high risk of ulceration, infection, and osteomyelitis. The superimposition of osteomyelitis on CNO increases the risk of major amputation, already high in patients suffering either from only CNO or osteomyelitis alone. We report the case of a 61-year old nondiabetic woman affected by CNO as a consequence of antiblastic therapy for breast cancer and the subsequent overlap of osteomyelitis, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. This case underlines how it is necessary to consider CNO as a possible complication of antiblastic therapy in the view of the severe consequences of missing its diagnosis.
Methylene blue dose-dependently induces cutaneous inflammation and heat hyperalgesia in a novel rat model
Authors: Banik Ratan K , Sia Twan , Johns Malcolm E , Tran Phu V , Cheng Andrew Y , Setty Sudarshan , Simone Donald A
Published: May 2024

Methylene blue (MB) has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity in vasoplegic patients after cardiac surgery. Though MB is considered to be safe, extravasation of MB leading to cutaneous toxicity has been reported. In this study, we sought to characterize MB-induced cutaneous toxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms. To induce MB-induced cutaneous toxicity, we injected 64 adult male Sprague-Dawley rates with 200 µL saline (vehicle) or 1%, 0.1%, or 0.01% MB in the plantar hind paws. Paw swelling, skin histologic changes, and heat and mechanical hyperalgesia were measured. Injection of 1%, but not 0.1% or 0.01% MB, produced significant paw swelling compared to saline. Injection of 1% MB produced heat hyperalgesia but not mechanical hyperalgesia. Pain behaviors were unchanged following injections of 0.1% or 0.01% MB. Global transcriptomic analysis by RNAseq identified 117 differentially expressed genes (111 upregulated, 6 downregulated). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed an increased quantity of leukocytes, increased lipids, and decreased apoptosis of myeloid cells and phagocytes with activation of IL-1β and Fos as the two major regulatory hubs. qPCR showed a 16-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA. Thus, using a novel rat model of MB-induced cutaneous toxicity, we show that infiltration of 1% MB into cutaneous tissue causes a dose-dependent pro-inflammatory response, highlighting potential roles of IL-6, IL-1β, and Fos. Thus, anesthesiologists should administer dilute MB intravenously through peripheral venous catheters. Higher concentrations of MB (1%) should be administered through a central venous catheter to minimize the risk of cutaneous toxicity.
Coaches’ ability to support elite and adolescent soccer players throughout their menstrual cycle
Authors: Donnelly Julia , Macrae Eilidh , Valentin Stephanie , White Andrew , Easton Chris , Forrest (née Whyte) Laura J.
Published: May 2024

Female soccer players report that the menstrual cycle (MC) can negatively impact sporting performance, with barriers identified in communicating their MC experiences to coaches and support staff. Whilst research is growing, there are few studies exploring the coaching staff perspective in soccer, and none from those at the youth level. The aim was to explore soccer coaches’ awareness, perceptions and experiences of the MC and the perceived impact on performance. Thirteen coaches (female n = 4; male n = 9, aged 33 ± 9 years) from Scottish elite adult and youth soccer participated in individual semi-structured interviews (average interview time 39 ± 11 min). Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, with reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) performed. RTA generated three key themes from 232 meaning units: environment and culture, coach–athlete dynamic, and coach support and education. Coaches perceived a societal culture of the MC being hidden, or taboo, with similar barriers noted within the club environment. Coaches were often embarrassed to discuss the MC with players and believed players were embarrassed. Communication differed depending on the coach–athlete relationship, with trust and familiarity cited as improving comfort in communication. Coach awareness and understanding of the MC both generally and within a sporting context influenced their perceived ability to communicate and support players. Findings highlight the need to support coaches by providing MC education, and practical guidance on how to support players’ health and wellbeing. Improved confidence in communication should allow players to feel supported and normalise conversations about the MC.
Hybrid management of iliac injury during thoracic endovascular aortic repair: A case report
Authors: Annuvolo Pierfrancesco Antonio , Centritto Enrico , Picone Veronica , Maiorano Maurizio , Giannantonio Maria , Modugno Pietro
Published: May 2024

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair is nowadays the preferred option to manage descending thoracic aorta diseases. However, despite feasibility and safety of the procedures, several complications may occur. We report the case of an 83-year-old female patient with inadvertent iliac rupture occurred during thoracic endovascular aortic repair. To limit massive bleeding, considering the patient’s comorbidities contraindicating open surgical repair and the morphology of the arterial injury (circumferential rupture of the artery from its origin), we chose to perform a homolateral hypogastric and common iliac artery embolization and an aorto-uniliac balloon expandable stent graft deployment from the distal aorta to the contralateral common iliac artery. A femoro-femoral crossover bypass graft was performed to restore both lower limbs perfusion. Final angiography documented correct positioning and regular patency of the implanted grafts and bypass with no blood loss from the right iliac vessels. Despite careful preoperative assessment, iliac artery injury can represent a challenging complication of thoracic endovascular aortic repair, particularly in the setting of inadequate iliac diameter, calcification and vessel tortuosity, or when large-caliber introducers are required. The hybrid approach we describe is a valid and effective solution to minimize blood loss and avoid major consequences in the management of iatrogenic iliac artery rupture during endovascular procedures.
Primary angiosarcoma of the breast in a 21-year-old female: A case report
Authors: Wijetilake Bhanu , Senavirathna Jeewantha , Wijesinghe Asel , Fernando Thisuri , Jayasuriya Sandeepani , Sosai Cherine , Nandasena Malith , Wijesinghe Kanchana
Published: May 2024

We present a case of primary angiosarcoma, an exceedingly rare malignant breast lesion, in a 21-year-old female patient with unilateral breast enlargement. Primary angiosarcoma is an aggressive form of breast cancer with variable presentation and limited clinical experience due to the rarity of the disease. Despite an initial diagnostic challenge, this report showcases the importance of a systematic diagnostic approach and multidisciplinary management in the context of uncommon breast lesions in young patients. Our patient underwent a mastectomy followed by breast reconstruction, achieving favourable cosmetic outcomes. This case serves as a contribution to our understanding of the diagnostic considerations surrounding angiosarcoma of the breast in a young patient.
A rare case of obstructed hemivagina with uterus didelphys and ipsilateral renal anomaly syndrome
Authors: AlBaik Taha Mahmoud , Ibrahim Ahmed Tayseer , AbuKaresh Nasim Afif , Anini Ezat Mohammed , Hattab Laith Mohannad , Albandak Maram
Published: May 2024

Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly syndrome, also known as Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome, represents a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of an obstructed hemivagina with uterus didelphys and concomitant ipsilateral renal abnormalities. Typically, the clinical presentation includes cyclical abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and/or a vaginal mass occurring post-menarche. Accurate diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion among clinicians, coupled with a comprehensive understanding of the distinctive features associated with this anomaly. Herein, we present the case of a 13-year-old female patient who complained of persistent lower abdominal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly syndrome, and the patient was successfully treated with a laparotomy involving blood aspiration and hysterectomy. This case report highlights the significance of clinical awareness, prompt diagnosis, and timely therapeutic interventions to mitigate the adverse effects and optimize outcomes in individuals affected by obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly syndrome.
Healthcare professional communication behaviours, skills, barriers, and enablers: Exploring the perspectives of people living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hawkins Rachel L , Bull Eleanor
Published: May 2024

This qualitative study conceptualised effective communication behaviours of healthcare professionals (gastroenterologists, surgeons, nurses, and general practitioners) and explored communication barriers and facilitators from the perspective of adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Seventeen qualitative interviews were conducted with people living with IBD in the UK or USA ( n = 17) and their spouses ( n = 4). An inductive content analysis was firstly applied to participants’ accounts to define which healthcare professionals’ behaviours and skills were perceived as essential for effective communication. An inductive reflexive thematic analysis elucidated themes of perceived barriers and facilitators experienced when communicating with their IBD healthcare professionals. Thirty-three provider communication behaviours were grouped into nine healthcare professional skills. Five themes encompassed 11 barriers and facilitators: professionals’ knowledge and behaviour, unequal power, patient navigation skills, time constraints and demand, and continuity and collaboration of care. For patients and some spouses, enhancing communication in IBD services means increasing patient, family, and health professional knowledge, encouraging collaborative partnership working, and promoting healthcare professional skills to communicate effectively within the reality of time restraints.
Scimitar Syndrome in a Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Brunet-Garcia Laia , Zuccarino Flavio , Prada Martínez Fredy Hermógenes , Carretero Bellon Juan Manuel
Published: May 2024

Background

Scimitar syndrome is a rare form of congenital heart disease (CHD) characterized by anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the right lung to the inferior vena cava. We describe the presentation, diagnosis, therapeutic management and long-term follow-up of 10 pediatric patients with Scimitar Syndrome.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study of all pediatric patients from our institution with scimitar syndrome (March 1996-July 2023). Patients underwent systematic evaluation including medical and family history, chest x-ray, 12-lead electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, angiography and/or computed tomography; or magnetic resonance angiography.

Results

Ten patients with scimitar syndrome were included. The median age at diagnosis was 10.4 [0.1-150.2] months and the median follow-up time was 7.7 [1.3-15.3] years. Eight patients presented with aortopulmonary collateral arteries which were embolized. Two patients had dual connections to the inferior vena cava and left atrium; embolization of the inferior vena cava connection was only feasible in one of them. No patients underwent surgery of the scimitar vein. Three patients had surgical correction of CHDs. There were no deaths related to scimitar syndrome during follow-up.

Conclusions

All patients with scimitar syndrome need prompt cardiovascular evaluation and follow-up. Our study demonstrates that a conservative approach with aortopulmonary collateral artery embolization, scimitar vein embolization when dual drainage to the left atrium is identified, along with correction of concomitant CHDs might have good results in patients with scimitar syndrome in order to postpone surgical correction of the anomalous pulmonary venous return to an older age when clinically or hemodynamically indicated. Further studies with longer-term follow-up and a larger sample size are needed to more effectively determine treatment strategy.
Institutional Pressure and Business Sustainable Performance: Does Environmental Management Accounting Matter?
Authors: Kadir Mohd Rizuan Abdul , AlBalushi Abdul rahim saleh Ibrahim , Javed Sarfaraz
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the relationship between institutional pressures (IP) and sustainable business performance (SP) within Oman’s industrial sector, emphasizing on the mediating role of environmental management accounting (EMA). Drawing from the institutional theory, a sample of 307 respondents from Oman-based manufacturing firms listed on the Muscat Stock Exchange was considered. Data were gathered via an online questionnaire directed at accounting and finance professionals, with an impressive response rate of 96%. Using structural equation modelling through SPSS and AMOS, the analysis revealed that coercive pressure has a positive yet insignificant influence on SP, while normative pressure significantly correlates with SP. Additionally, while most dimensions of IP positively influence EMA, normative pressure was found to have no significant relationship with EMA. The results further confirm the significant positive impact of EMA on SP. This study underscores the pivotal role of EMA in fostering a sustainable business environment in Oman, accentuating the need for environment-friendly policies driven by IP.
Preservice Elementary Teachers and Future Civic Teaching
Authors: White Elizabeth S.
Published: May 2024

In order to strengthen civic education in elementary schools, research is needed to understand preservice teachers’ ideas about civic teaching. The current study examined the degree to which elementary preservice teachers’ civic competencies (i.e., civic awareness, dispositions, and interpersonal skills) and the grades they plan to teach are associated with expected future civic teaching. Survey data were collected from 235 undergraduate students majoring in early childhood or elementary education. Results from hierarchical multiple regression showed that greater civic awareness and lower levels of trust in the American promise were associated with expected future teaching about politics, while greater civic awareness, stronger commitment to social issues, and better interpersonal skills were associated with expected future teaching about community engagement. Additionally, those who plan to teach the upper elementary grades (third–fifth) were more likely to report that they will teach about politics and community engagement in their future classrooms when compared to those who plan to teach younger grades (PreK–second). Practical implications for preservice teacher preparation are discussed.
Path Model of Reality Gap on the Mental Health of Novice School Nurses in Japan
Authors: Kagotani Megumi , Asakura Takashi
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Mental health is a serious concern among novice school nurses in Japan. Numerous novice school nurses with various health problems experience high stress levels, affecting their mental health. They may be experiencing reality shock, a known risk factor for burnout and turnover, or its factor, the “reality gap.”

Objective

This study aimed to examine the hypothetical model by which the reality gap affects the mental health of novice school nurses.

Methods

This cross-sectional study conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey, and responses were obtained from 102 novice school nurses. A path model was created based on a hypothetical model.

Results

After several revisions on the hypothesis model, a modified path model was generated (CFI = .98, TLI = .93, RMSEA = .06). The path model showed that reality gaps negatively affected work engagement, work engagement positively affected intention to stay, and intention to stay positively affected mental health. Reality gap was also directly negatively associated with mental health. Having various support networks reduced the effects of reality gaps on mental health. Additionally, social support in the workplace boosted work engagement.

Conclusion

Unique from other studies, this study contributed to understanding the effects of reality gaps on mental health. School managers and administrators should establish a support system that enables school nurses to receive various supports from within and outside the school. In addition, novice school nurses should take advantage of networks and support inside and outside school to reduce reality gaps and grow as professionals.
Work-Related Health Conditions Among American Nurses: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rainbow Jessica G. , Dudding Katherine M. , Bethel Claire , Norton Angie , Platt Christine , Vyas Pankaj K. , Slebodnik Maribeth
Published: May 2024

Background

Working in the nursing profession is hazardous, and nurses report poor health. Risk factors associated with poor health outcomes have been documented. However, the extent of literature exploring the prevalence of health conditions among American nurses that may be attributable to their work has not been examined.

Method

A scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations was conducted of peer-reviewed quantitative studies to answer the question: What are health conditions experienced by American nurses that may be attributable to their work as nurses?

Results

Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. Due to the methods used in many articles, studies of the prevalence of health conditions among the nursing population were lacking. Health conditions studied broke into six categories: (a) work-related injuries and hazards; (b) unhealthy lifestyles; (c) mental health conditions; (d) burnout; (e) fatigue, sleep, and migraines; and (f) reproductive health. The role of work in the health conditions studied varied from an immediate impact on health (e.g., a needlestick or injury) to a cumulative impact (e.g., scheduling or workplace demands). Within the work demands, the physical environment; physical, emotional, and cognitive demands of work; and shiftwork were all frequently identified as antecedents that could be further explored and addressed to improve nurse health.

Conclusions

Healthcare systems should seek to address the hazards and exposures that may be linked to health conditions in the nursing workforce. Understanding and mitigating the impact of the pandemic and nursing work on the workforce's health is crucial to the solvency of the workforce. Occupational health practitioners should assess for workplace hazards and exposures.
Inequality and spatial mismatch in the urban labor market: Evidence for the Curitiba metropolitan region, Brazil
Authors: Silva Luiz Pedro Couto Santos , Porsse Alexandre Alves
Published: May 2024

Accessibility plays a fundamental role in improving urban economic equity, especially for disadvantaged communities. In many metropolitan areas of Brazil, accessibility relies on infrastructure unequally distributed, creating barriers to access opportunities in the urban labor market. This paper aims to identify sources of spatial mismatch and measure its effects on the labor market of the Curitiba Metropolitan Region (CMR), in Brazil. First, we measured the spatial imbalances of households and jobs by income classes and their effects on the spatial dissimilarity of accessibility to job opportunities. Second, we use econometric tools to evaluate how accessibility to the formal job sector affects individual earnings in the CMR labor market by wage quartile. We find evidence of strong spatial segregation for the poorest individuals from public transit network and from the formal job sector. The econometric results show there was roughly no accessibility premium for individual earnings for the poorest workers and positive effects for the richest workers in the CMR labor market. This set of empirical evidence suggest a spatial concentration of urban amenities that enhance economic inequality for the CMR.
Assessing Chinese primary mathematics teachers’ self-efficacy for technology integration: Development and validation of a multifaceted scale
Authors: Li Mao
Published: May 2024

This study was dedicated to developing the Scale of Mathematics Teachers’ Technology Integration (SMTTI), a comprehensive instrument designed to assess the competencies of primary mathematics teachers in integrating digital technologies. The research encompassed data collection through a web-based questionnaire distributed to mathematics teachers across Chongqing, China. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the SMTTI's efficacy as a measurement tool. These analyses established the robust reliability and validity of the SMTTI, affirming its effectiveness as an instrument for assessing the technology integration capabilities of mathematics teachers. The scale exhibited excellent psychometric properties, characterized by strong factor loadings, high internal consistency, and good model fit indices. The SMTTI advances educational technology research by providing a nuanced self-efficacy assessment tool that aligns with the emergent needs of post-pandemic education environments. Its distinctiveness lies in its empirical foundation and tailored approach to evaluating primary mathematics teachers’ self-efficacy for technology integration. The scale fills a critical gap in the existing literature by delivering a context-specific tool designed for the post-digital transition in educational practice, aiding in the formulation of targeted professional development programs and policy making. This addresses a need for updated instruments in the field, complementing the self-reported surveys focusing on practical application and current educational demands. The SMTTI contributes to refining the use of digital technology in educational settings by providing an instrument sensitive to the context-specific needs of teachers, thereby supporting more accurate instruments in this evolving domain.
The influence of patient sex on paramedic administration of analgesia for acute abdominal pain in an Australian ambulance service
Authors: Dahoud Sooaad , Simpson Paul , Naidoo Navindhra
Published: May 2024

Objective: Pain is a subjective experience that encapsulates a physical, emotional, and mental response. An individual's sex is a factor that may influence how pain is experienced. It can be assumed that if females and males present with pain differently, then pain management may also differ. This research aimed to determine the influence of patients’ sex on paramedic administration of analgesia in cases of acute abdominal pain. Methods: A retrospective analytical cohort study included patients between the ages of 16 and 65 with a complaint of abdominal pain who were seen by paramedics employed by a jurisdictional ambulance service between July 2019 and June 2020. The data extracted included sex, age, pain score, type of analgesia administered, and analgesia dosage. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The study sample comprised of 26,417 patients with 61.6% (n  =  16,271) females. Analgesia was administered to 65.9% (n  =  17,404) of patients, of whom 38.5% (n  =  10,177) received an opioid, with the most administered analgesia being morphine (n  =  8456; 32%). Chi-square testing identified significant associations between sex and analgesic administration (χ2(1, n  =  26,417)  =  7.32, p  =  .01, Φ = −0.02) and opioid administration (χ2(1, n  =  26,417)  =  25.51, p < .001, Φ = 0.03). Multivariate regression identified that sex had no influence on analgesic administration in general, however found that male sex was a statistically significant predictor of opioid administration. Adjusted for age and pain severity, females were at lower odds of opioid administration than males (adjusted odds ratio 0.86; 95% confidence interval 0.80–0.91; p < .001). Conclusions: Equity in pain management was demonstrated in relation to overall analgesic administration between the sexes. However, this research suggests that while females presented more commonly with abdominal pain, females had lower odds of being administered an opioid than their male counterparts. Further research is required on gender bias in relation to abdominal pain management practices by paramedics, to promote equitable access to analgesia.
Automatic Miscalibration Detection and Correction of LiDAR and Camera Using Motion Cues
Authors: Peng Pai , Pi Dawei , Yin Guodong , Wang Yan , Xu Liwei , Feng Jiwei
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to develop an automatic miscalibration detection and correction framework to maintain accurate calibration of LiDAR and camera for autonomous vehicle after the sensor drift. First, a monitoring algorithm that can continuously detect the miscalibration in each frame is designed, leveraging the rotational motion each individual sensor observes. Then, as sensor drift occurs, the projection constraints between visual feature points and LiDAR 3-D points are used to compute the scaled camera motion, which is further utilized to align the drifted LiDAR scan with the camera image. Finally, the proposed method is sufficiently compared with two representative approaches in the online experiments with varying levels of random drift, then the method is further extended to the offline calibration experiment and is demonstrated by a comparison with two existing benchmark methods.
Regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs in short-term heat stress in adult worker bees
Authors: Zhang Bing , Zhang Chaoying , Zhang Jiangchao , Lu Surong , Zhao Huiting , Jiang Yusuo , Ma Weihua
Published: May 2024

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial modulators of post-transcriptional gene expression regulation, cell fate determination, and disease development. However, lncRNA functions during short-term heat stress in adult worker bees are poorly understood. Here, we performed deep sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of honeybee lncRNAs. RNA interference was performed by using siRNA targeting the most highly expressed lncRNA. The silencing effect on lncRNA and the relative expression levels of seven heat shock protein (HSP) genes, were subsequently examined. Overall, 7,842 lncRNAs and 115 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were identified in adult worker bees following heat stress exposure. Structural analysis revealed that the overall expression abundance, length of transcripts, exon number, and open reading frames of lncRNAs were lower than those of mRNAs. GO analysis revealed that the target genes were mainly involved in “metabolism,” “protein folding,” “response to stress,” and “signal transduction” pathways. KEGG analysis indicated that the “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” and “longevity regulating pathway-multiple species” pathways were most enriched. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) detection of the selected DELs confirmed the reliability of the sequencing data. Moreover, the siRNA experiment indicated that feeding siRNA yielded a silencing efficiency of 77.51% for lncRNA MSTRG.9645.5. Upon silencing this lncRNA, the expression levels of three HSP genes were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05), whereas those of three other HSP genes were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). Our results provide a new perspective for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in adult worker bees under short-term heat stress.
Mediating effect of gestational weight gain on the preventive effect of exercise during pregnancy on macrosomia: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yang Xuanjin , Wang Guifang , Liu Nana , Wang Yaxin , Zhang Suhan , Lin Hang , Zhu Can , Liu Li , Sun Yin , Ma Liangkun
Published: May 2024

Objective

We sought to investigate the impact of individualized exercise guidance during pregnancy on the incidence of macrosomia and the mediating effect of gestational weight gain (GWG).

Design

A prospective randomized clinical trial.

Setting

A Hospital in Xingtai District, Hebei Province.

Population

Older than 20 years of age, mid-pregnancy, and singleton pregnant women without contraindications to exercise during pregnancy.

Methods

A randomized clinical trial was conducted from December 2021 to September 2022 to compare the effects of standard prenatal care with individualized exercise guidance on the incidence of macrosomia.

Main outcome measure

Incidence of macrosomia.

Results

In all, 312 singleton women were randomized into an intervention group (N = 162) or a control group (N = 150). Participants who received individualized exercise guidance had a significantly lower incidence of macrosomia (3.73% vs. 13.61%, P = 0.002) and infants large for gestational age (9.94% vs. 19.73%, P = 0.015). However, no differences were observed in the rate of preterm birth (1.86% vs. 3.40%, P = 0.397) or the average gestational age at birth (39.14 ± 1.51 vs. 38.69 ± 1.85, P = 0.258). Mediation analysis revealed that GWG mediated the effect of exercise on reducing the incidence of macrosomia.

Conclusion

Individualized exercise guidance may be a preventive tool for macrosomia, and GWG mediates the effect of exercise on reducing the incidence of macrosomia. However, evidence does not show that exercise increases the rate of preterm birth or affects the average gestational age at birth.

Trial registration

The trial is registered at www.clinicaltrails.gov [registration number: NCT05760768; registration date: 08/03/2023 (retrospectively registered)].
Associated lifestyle factors of elevated plasma aldosterone concentration in community population, gender-stratified analysis of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Maitituersun Adalaiti , Heizhati Mulalibieke , Li Nanfang , Gan Lin , Li Mei , Yao Ling , Yang Wenbo , Liu Shasha , Aierken Xiayire , Wang Hui , Liu Miaomiao , Hong Jing , Wu Ting , Zhang Delian , Zhu Qing
Published: May 2024

Background

Aldosterone plays important parts in development of cardio-metabolic diseases as end product of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. However, factors elevating circulating aldosterone are not clear, and lifestyle-related factors are suggested to be involved, whereas less studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association of lifestyle factors with plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in community population.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we recruited participants using multistage random sampling from Emin China in 2019, and collected data and fasting blood samples. The considered lifestyle factors included obesity parameters (neck circumference, abdominal circumference), alcohol consumption, blood pressure (BP), physical activity, sleep duration, sleep quality, mental state (depression and anxiety), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid profiles (total cholesterol and triglyceride). PAC was measured using radioimmunoassay. We performed sex-stratified linear and logistic regressions to explore associated factors of PAC. Component analysis was further performed to identify the main factors affecting PAC.

Results

Twenty-seven thousand four hundred thirty-six participants with 47.1% men were included. Obesity parameters (neck circumference, abdominal circumference), glucose metabolism (FBG), psychological status (anxiety status in men and women, depression status in men), BP, liver function (in men), lipid metabolism (TC and TG in men), sleep parameters (sleep quality in women), and renal function (in women) are the main factors associated with elevated PAC.

Conclusion

lower physical activity, alcohol consumption, higher BP, fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, higher fasting blood glucose, and presence of depression and anxiety were the main factors associated with eleveated PAC.
Expanding the phenotype in Pitt-Hopkins syndrome; description of new oral finding and dental management considerations
Authors: Hassona Yazan , Alqaisi Dua’a , Alkilani Asma , AbuHijleh Iyas
Published: May 2024

Background

Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with physical, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics that is caused by heterozygous mutations in the TCF4 gene. Patients with PTHS might present a unique challenge for oral healthcare professionals because of the associated comorbidities.

Case report

Here we describe a new case of PTHS in a 13-year-old girl with particular emphasis on oro-dental findings and oral healthcare management. Observed oro-dental findings in our case included shallow palate, absence of lingual frenum, gingival enlargement, thick lips and relative microdontia. The patient was unable to tolerate dental care under local anesthesia. Therefore, comprehensive dental treatment was performed under general anesthesia after a careful pre-anesthetic cardio-respiratory, neurological, and hematological evaluation. The patient was closely monitored intra-operatively for breathing rhythm, O2 saturation, and signs of respiratory distress. The patient was observed for 24 h post-op for respiratory distress and was discharged then uneventfully.

Conclusion

Dental treatment under general anesthesia in these patients might be complicated by the abnormal breathing rhythm, and close monitoring and follow up for signs of respiratory distress after general anesthesia is necessary. Recognition of oral and dental findings might help to expand the phenotype and better characterize rare syndromes.
Verification of the accuracy of dynamic navigation for conventional and mouthpiece methods: in vivo study
Authors: Nagata Koudai , Okubo Manabu , Saito Kurumi , Nakashizu Toshifumi , Atsumi Mihoko , Kawana Hiromasa
Published: May 2024

Background

Dynamic navigation for implant placement is becoming popular under the concept of top-down treatment. The purpose of this study is to verify the accuracy of a dynamic navigation system for implant placement.

Methods

Implant placement was performed on 38 patients using 50 implant fixtures. Patients in group C were treated using a conventional method, in which thermoplastic clips were fixed to the teeth, and patients in group M were treated using thermoplastic clips fixed to a mouthpiece attached to the teeth. The groups were compared to verify whether an accuracy difference existed. A treatment planning support program for dental implants was used to superimpose the postoperative computed tomography data on the preoperative implant design data to measure the entry point, apex point, and angular deviation.

Results

The accuracy of group C was 1.36 ± 0.51 mm for entry point, 1.30 ± 0.59 mm for apex point, and 3.20 ± 0.74° for angular deviation. The accuracy of group M was 1.06 ± 0.31 mm for the entry point, 1.02 ± 0.30 mm for the apex point, and 2.91 ± 0.97° for angular deviation. Significant differences were observed in the entry and apex points between the two groups.

Conclusions

The results indicate that group M exhibited better accuracy than group C, indicating that the stability of the thermoplastic clip is important for ensuring the accuracy of the dynamic navigation system. No previous studies have verified the accuracy of this system using the mouthpiece method, and additional data is required to confirm its accuracy for dental implant placement. The mouthpiece method improves the accuracy of implant placement and provides a safer implant treatment than the conventional method.

Trial registration

University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), Registration Number: UMIN000051949, URL: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view_his.cgi on August 21, 2023.
Impact of using XP-endo finisher and nanobubble water during EDTA dentin conditioning on TGF-β1 release in regenerative endodontic procedures
Authors: Hanafy Mai Sayed , Abdella Ahmed Ahmed Khaled , Salem Rana Gehad
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a crucial role in the success of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures (REPs) as they directly impact the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. TGF-β1 is released by conditioning of the dentin matrix using 17% EDTA. EDTA was found to have deleterious effects on dentin especially in immature teeth with fragile dentin walls. Decreasing the irrigation time was reported to decrease these effects. Accordingly, enhancement and activation of the EDTA solution to maintain its efficiency in TGF-β1 release from dentin and thus compensating the reduction in irrigation time was employed. EDTA solution was enhanced by adding Nanobubble (NB) water which contains oxygen filled cavities less than 200 nm in diameter. Additionally, EDTA was activated with XP-endo Finisher rotary file. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of NB enhancement and/or XP-endo Finisher activation of the EDTA solution on the TGF-β1 release from dentin.

Methods

Fifty standardized root segments with open apex were allocated to two main groups according to whether EDTA was enhanced with NB water or not, and within each group whether XP-endo Finisher activation was used or not in addition to a Negative Control group. The concentration of the released TGF-β1 in the root canal was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro- Wilk, Kolmogorov Smirnov, ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey tests.

Results

All groups released a considerable amount of TGF-β1 with the highest values in the EDTA/NB/XP group, followed by EDTA/NB, EDTA/DW/XP, EDTA/DW and Negative Control groups respectively.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that NBs can promote the success of REPs since it revealed a significant increase in the TGF-β1 release following its use in the enhancement of the EDTA solution. A comparable effect was obtained by XP-endo finisher activation of the EDTA solution. The combined use of NBs and XP-endo Finisher can be a promising addition in REPs. Accordingly, Enhancement and activation of the EDTA solution may compensate decreasing the EDTA irrigation time attempted to avoid the deleterious effect of EDTA on dentin.